bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Y-Autosomal Incompatibilities Cause Hybrid Male Sterility in Reciprocal Crosses Between Drosophila virilis and D. americana
Authors: Sweigart Andrea L 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Postzygotic reproductive isolation evolves when hybrid incompatibilities accumulate between diverging populations. Here, I examine the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility between two species of Drosophila, Drosophila virilis and D. americana. From these analyses, I reach several conclusions. First, neither species carries any autosomal dominant hybrid male sterility alleles: reciprocal F1 hybrid males are perfectly fertile. Second, later generation (backcross and F2) hybrid male sterility between D. virilis and D. americana is not polygenic. In fact, I identified only three genetically independent incompatibilities that cause hybrid male sterility. Remarkably, each of these incompatibilities involves the Y chromosome. In one direction of the cross, the D. americana Y is incompatible with recessive D. virilis alleles at loci on chromosomes 2 and 5. In the other direction, the D. virilis Y chromosome causes hybrid male sterility in combination with recessive D. americana alleles at a single QTL on chromosome 5. Finally, in contrast with findings from other Drosophila species pairs, the X chromosome has only a modest effect on hybrid male sterility between D. virilis and D. americana.
Bayesian Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping Using Inferred Haplotypes
Authors: Durrant Caroline , Mott Richard 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We describe a fast hierarchical Bayesian method for mapping quantitative trait loci by haplotype-based association, applicable when haplotypes are not observed directly but are inferred from multiple marker genotypes. The method avoids the use of a Monte Carlo Markov chain by employing priors for which the likelihood factorizes completely. It is parameterized by a single hyperparameter, the fraction of variance explained by the quantitative trait locus, compared to the frequentist fixed-effects model, which requires a parameter for the phenotypic effect of each combination of haplotypes; nevertheless it still provides estimates of haplotype effects. We use simulation to show that the method matches the power of the frequentist regression model and, when the haplotypes are inferred, exceeds it for small QTL effect sizes. The Bayesian estimates of the haplotype effects are more accurate than the frequentist estimates, for both known and inferred haplotypes, which indicates that this advantage is independent of the effect of uncertainty in haplotype inference and will hold in comparison with frequentist methods in general. We apply the method to data from a panel of recombinant inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana, descended from 19 inbred founders.
Influence of Prosthetic Screw Material on Joint Stability in Passive and Non-Passive Implant-Supported Dentures
Authors: Spazzin Aloísio Oro , Henriques Guilherme Elias Pessanha , Nóbilo Mauro Antônio de Arruda , Consani Rafael Leonardo Xediek , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , Mesquita Marcelo Ferraz 
Published: January 2010

Objectives:
This study evaluated the influence of prosthetic screw material on joint stability in implantsupported dentures at two levels of fit.

Methods:
Ten mandibular implant-supported dentures were fabricated. Twenty cast models were fabricated using these dentures. Four groups (n=10) were tested, according to the vertical fit of the dentures [passive and non-passive] and prosthetic screw materials [titanium (Ti) or gold (Au) alloy]. The one-screw test was performed to quantify the vertical misfits using an optic microscope. The loosening torque for the prosthetic screws was measured 24 hours after the tightening torque (10 Ncm) using a digital torque meter. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).

Results:
Overall, dentures with passive fit and Ti screws resulted in significantly higher loosening torque of the prosthetic screws (p<0.05). No significant interaction was found between fit level and screw material (p=0.199). The prosthetic screw material and fit of implant-supported dentures have an influence on screw joint stability. Ti screws presented higher joint stability than Au screws and minimum of misfit should be found clinically to improve the mechanical behavior of the screw joint.
Consistency of Diagnostic Thresholds in DSM-V
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Sunderland Matthew , Kemp Alice 
Published: January 2010

Objective: DSM-IV diagnostic criteria define thresholds on a continuum of symptoms above which the diagnosis is said to be established. Data from the 1997 Australian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were used for six internalizing disorders, and the levels of distress and disability associated with each diagnosis were investigated. Method: Mean distress (measured by the K-10) and disability (measured by the SF12-MCS) scores were identified for people in the Survey who reported no physical or mental disorders. The distribution of distress and disability showed by people who met criteria for major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder was plotted against the mean for well people, expecting that ≥90% of people with these mental disorders would score as more distressed or disabled than this mean. Results: More than 90% of people with dysthymia, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder or with post-traumatic stress disorder scored as more distressed or disabled than the mean for well people. A majority were severely distressed or disabled (>2SD above the mean). This remained the case when the clinical significance criteria were removed. In social phobia and in obsessive–compulsive disorders between 9% and 26% scored below the means for well people, that is, as neither distressed nor disabled, a figure that rose to 16–40% when the clinical significance criteria were removed. In neither case did a majority of cases score in the severe range. Conclusions: The diagnostic thresholds for social phobia and for obsessive–compulsive disorder are less stringent than that for the other disorders and require revision in DSM-V.
Sex Differences in Neuropsychological Functioning Among Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Bozikas Vasilis P. , Kosmidis Mary H. , Peltekis Apostolos , Giannakou Maria , Nimatoudis Ioannis , Karavatos Athanasios , Fokas Kostas , Garyfallos George 
Published: January 2010

Objectives: Evidence from the literature addressing sex differences in cognition in schizophrenia remains equivocal, with some researchers suggesting that male schizophrenia patients are more impaired than female subjects, while others report no significant sex differences in cognitive functioning. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the differential pattern of cognitive performance observed in healthy men and women is preserved in male and female schizophrenia patients. Method: Ninety-six schizophrenia patients (56 men) were compared with 62 age- and gender-ratio matched healthy controls (31 men), on a battery of neuropsychological tests that assessed basic cognitive abilities: attention, working memory, abstraction, inhibition, fluency, verbal learning and memory, visual memory, visuospatial skills, and psychomotor speed. Results: As a group, schizophrenia patients were significantly impaired in each of the cognitive domains assessed, with the exception of psychomotor speed. The effect of sex was significant for verbal learning and memory, wherein women outperformed men. No significant group × sex interactions were found in any cognitive domains, indicating that the female advantage typically observed in verbal learning and memory remained the same in the schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: The degree of cognitive impairment is the same for male and female schizophrenia patients. Those sex differences found among the patients were typical of the healthy population as well. Therefore, differential decrements in basic cognitive domains do not appear to account for the favourable course of schizophrenia in women relative to men.
Les Formicides (Hyménoptères) de Provancher
Authors: Francoeur A. , Béique R. 
Published: January 2010

RésuméToutes les espèces de Fourmis que Provancher a décrites sont tombées en synonymie. Cependant l'examen des types démontre que trois espèces s’avéraient nouvelles à l'époque. L’une d’entre elles fut désignée par un homonyme primaire. Nous proposons pour les deux autres une synonymie et une combinaison nouvelles.
High Temperature Mortality of the Sugar-pine Cone Beetle, Conophthorus lambertianae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Bedard William D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractConophthorus lambertianae broods within cones in sunny places on the ground can be killed by high temperatures. This conclusion is supported by experimental evidence from four sources: (1) mortality of broods in cones placed in the sun; (2) mortality of cone beetles exposed to high temperatures in the laboratory; (3) measurements of internal cone temperatures occurring in nature; and (4) consideration of some factors that influence internal cone temperatures.
Development, Survival and Reproduction of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Relation to Climatic Conditions
Authors: Pickford R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractField-rearing studies of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) conducted at Saskatoon from 1960 to 1962 indicated that marked differences often occurred in rate of development, survival and fecundity because of differing weather patterns. Grasshoppers usually developed more rapidly as they hatched later in the season when temperatures were rising. In addition, striking differences occurred in growth rates of grasshoppers hatched on similar dates in different years due to sharply contrasting climatic conditions. Although survival of nymphs was generally high, mortality was consistently greatest during early nymphal life. Precipitation or excessively hot weather during this period increased mortality considerably, yet did not affect the older nymphs. Survival of adults was also generally high whether they fledged early or late in the season. They were able to endure very high temperatures during mid-summer or below freezing temperatures during late autumn. The three-year average reproductive capacity of this grasshopper was approximately eight egg-pods or 176 eggs per female. The rate of oviposition varied with temperature, reaching a maximum per female of approximately one pod every four days during mid-summer when temperatures were high and declining thereafter as temperatures dropped. The average egg-pod contained 22.13 eggs which showed a tendency to increase as adults fledged later in the season.It is suggested that climatic conditions frequently play a decisive role in the short-term modification of grasshopper infestations as well as in the long-term cyclic rise and fall in populations; consistently favourable or unfavourable conditions throughout the grasshopper cycle could result in an explosive outbreak or in almost complete elimination of any threat to the crop.
Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Relation to Agricultural Crops
Authors: Rivard I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA three-year study on the seasonal occurrence of ground beetles was conducted in five fields with different crop rotations. More than 10,000 individuals representing 102 species were captured in pitfall traps. The relatively high total number of species collected the first year probably resulted from the particular location of the traps along field margins and close to woodlands. The variation observed between the areas studied was not necessarily related to the kind of crop. A progressive augmentation in beetle activity and population appeared to coincide with an increase in the humidity of the habitats and with the cultures in the following order: pasture grass, forage, cultivated, and cereal crops. This indicates that the nature of the crop influences beetle numbers, and from this it may he inferred that it also influences the extent to which the beetles exert a control influence on pest species. Of the eight species present every year and found in practically every field, Pterostichus melanarius Ill., Harpalus pennsylvanicus DeG., and H. compar Lec. were the most numerous.
Some Effects of Female Parasite Size on Reproduction ofNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSmall females of the parasiteNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) parasitized fewer hosts (housefly,Musca domesticaL.) than larger ones during their lifetime because they had both a shorter life span and a lower rate of parasitization. The latter resulted primarily from a lower egg maturation rate. As females reared from superparasitized hosts are on the average smaller than those reared from non-superparasitized ones, these effects of parasite size reduce the rate of increase ofN.vitripennisat high parasite:host ratios and result in greater stability in the interaction between the two species.
Bumblebees From Northern Ellesmere Island, With Observations on Usurpation by Megabombus hyperboreus (Schönh.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Milliron H. E. , Oliver D. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo species of Apidae occur on Ellesmere Island: Megabombus (Megabombus) polaris (Curtis) and M. (M.) hyperboreus (Schönherr). Some observations on their activity are presented. Three nests built on the surface of the ground are described. The colonies were of small size. Nest No. 1 contained only polaris; Nests Nos. 2 and 3 contained polaris workers and hyperboreus sexuals, as adults or brood. Usurpation is suggested to explain the workerless condition of hyperboreus in Nests Nos. 2 and 3.
Sharing space: can ethnoprimatology contribute to the survival of nonhuman primates in human‐dominated globalized landscapes?
Authors: Lee P.C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe emerging discipline of ethnoprimatology has at its core the construct that humans and nonhuman primates share a planet, an evolutionary history and a “primate perspective” on the world; more simply stated ethnoprimatolgy suggests that humans have perspectives on nonhuman primates which can contribute positively to the primates' enduring survival in our increasingly human‐dominated landscapes. Here, I explore whether humans can or do contribute positively to the conservation of nonhuman primates, or whether humanity's impact on, as well as our perceptions of, primates are generally negative. I examine primate–human interactions at the intersection of agriculture with natural habitats as exemplified in several long‐term studies, and explore the conservation consequences of these interactions. These interactions are then placed into an ecological‐economic perspective assessing the prospects for the survival of primates in a context where humans share their subsistence space and resources with primates. Am. J. Primatol. 72:925–931, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dissolved oxygen and pH profile evolution after cryovial thaw and repeated cell passaging in a T‐75 flask
Authors: Vallejos Jose R. , Brorson Kurt A. , Moreira Antonio R. , Rao Govind 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRoutine cell culture is done in small‐scale disposable vessels (typically 0.1–100 mL volumes) in academia and industry. Despite their wide use in bioprocess development (i.e., process optimization and process validation), miniature process scouting devices (PSDs) are considered “black boxes” because they are generally not equipped with sensors. In this study, we show that on‐line monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in a T‐75 flask‐based PSD can be achieved during cell passaging and that this information can be linked to different cellular metabolic states. In this case, on‐line monitoring of DO and pH show three distinctive metabolic regions in passages 1–18, 19–28, 29–54 and in particular, the shift in the pH curve, the specific oxygen uptake rate (qO2), and the lactate production rate to the oxygen consumption rate yield (YLac/ox) confirm the existence of these distinctive metabolic regions. These findings are particularly useful because they show that sensor equipped PSDs can help to monitor cell culture behavior after thaw, in pre‐ and seed culture prior to scale‐up and in development/optimization studies. Such routine monitoring will help to develop more consistent cell culture techniques. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1040–1047. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of the hydrostatic pressure and pH on the asymmetric 2‐hydroxyketone formation catalyzed by Pseudomonas putida benzoylformate decarboxylase and variants thereof
Authors: Berheide Marco , Peper Stephanie , Kara Selin , Long Wei Sing , Schenkel Steffen , Pohl Martina , Niemeyer Bernd , Liese Andreas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBenzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD) from Pseudomonas putida is a thiamine diphosphate‐dependent (ThDP) enzyme that catalyzes the asymmetric CC bond formation to (S)‐2‐hydroxypropiophenone [(S)‐HPP] starting from benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde. The enantioselectivity of BFD was shown to be a function of temperature and substrate concentration. It can additionally be changed by site‐directed mutagenesis on hot spot positions in the active site. In this article, we present the effect of hydrostatic pressure up to 250 MPa on the enantioselectivity for the recombinant wtBFD as well as for the variants BFD F464I, BFD A460I, and BFD A460I‐F464I. A general tendency toward lower amounts of (S)‐HPP could be observed at increasing pressures. For two of these variants an increase in pressure even caused an inversion in the enantioselectivity and thus increasing enantiomeric excesses, respectively. A pressure‐induced increase in enantioselectivity could therefore be observed for the first time in biocatalysis to the best of our knowledge. Furthermore, the pH is shown to be a parameter that also significantly influences the enantioselectivity of the reaction mentioned above. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 18–26. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disulfide trapping of protein complexes on the yeast surface
Authors: Lim Kok Hong , Madabhushi Sri Ranganayaki , Mann Jasdeep , Neelamegham Sriram , Park Sheldon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProtein complexes are common in nature and play important roles in biology, but studying the quaternary structure formation in vitro is challenging since it involves lengthy and expensive biochemical steps. There are frequent technical difficulties as well with the sensitivity and resolution of the assays. In this regard, a technique that can analyze protein–protein interactions in high throughput would be a useful experimental tool. Here, we introduce a combination of yeast display and disulfide trapping that we refer to as stabilization of transient and unstable complexes by engineered disulfide (STUCKED) that can be used to detect the formation of a broad spectrum of protein complexes on the yeast surface using fluorescence labeling. The technique uses an engineered intersubunit disulfide to covalently crosslink the subunits of a complex, so that the disulfide‐trapped complex can be displayed on the yeast surface for detection and analysis. Transient protein complexes are difficult to display on the yeast surface, since they may dissociate before they can be detected due to a long induction period in yeast. To this end, we show that three different quaternary structures with the subunit dissociation constant Kd ∼ 0.5–20 µM, the antibody variable domain (Fv), the IL‐8 dimer, and the p53–MDM2 complex, cannot be displayed on the yeast surface as a noncovalent complex. However, when we introduce an interchain disulfide between the subunits, all three systems are efficiently displayed on the yeast surface, showing that disulfide trapping can help display protein complexes that cannot be displayed otherwise. We also demonstrate that a disulfide forms only between the subunits that interact specifically, the displayed complexes exhibit functional characteristics that are expected of wt proteins, the mutations that decrease the affinity of subunit interaction also reduce the display efficiency, and most of the disulfide stabilized complexes are formed within the secretory pathway during export to the surface. Disulfide crosslinking is therefore a convenient way to study weak protein association in the context of yeast display. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 27–41. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐level rapid production of full‐size monoclonal antibodies in plants by a single‐vector DNA replicon system
Authors: Huang Zhong , Phoolcharoen Waranyoo , Lai Huafang , Piensook Khanrat , Cardineau Guy , Zeitlin Larry , Whaley Kevin J. , Arntzen Charles J. , Mason Hugh S. , Chen Qiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPlant viral vectors have great potential in rapid production of important pharmaceutical proteins. However, high‐yield production of hetero‐oligomeric proteins that require the expression and assembly of two or more protein subunits often suffers problems due to the “competing” nature of viral vectors derived from the same virus. Previously we reported that a bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV)‐derived, three‐component DNA replicon system allows rapid production of single recombinant proteins in plants (Huang et al., 2009. Biotechnol Bioeng 103: 706–714). In this article, we report further development of this expression system for its application in high‐yield production of oligomeric protein complexes including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in plants. We showed that the BeYDV replicon system permits simultaneous efficient replication of two DNA replicons and thus, high‐level accumulation of two recombinant proteins in the same plant cell. We also demonstrated that a single vector that contains multiple replicon cassettes was as efficient as the three‐component system in driving the expression of two distinct proteins. Using either the non‐competing, three‐vector system or the multi‐replicon single vector, we produced both the heavy and light chain subunits of a protective IgG mAb 6D8 against Ebola virus GP1 (Wilson et al., 2000. Science 287: 1664–1666) at 0.5 mg of mAb per gram leaf fresh weight within 4 days post‐infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We further demonstrated that full‐size tetrameric IgG complex containing two heavy and two light chains was efficiently assembled and readily purified, and retained its functionality in specific binding to inactivated Ebola virus. Thus, our single‐vector replicon system provides high‐yield production capacity for hetero‐oligomeric proteins, yet eliminates the difficult task of identifying non‐competing virus and the need for co‐infection of multiple expression modules. The multi‐replicon vector represents a significant advance in transient expression technology for antibody production in plants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 9–17. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Covalent dimerization of camelidae anti‐human TNF‐alpha single domain antibodies by the constant kappa light chain domain improves neutralizing activity
Authors: Giersberg Martin , Floss Doreen M. , Kipriyanov Sergey , Conrad Udo , Scheller Jürgen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) plays an important role in a number of chronic inflammatory disorders. Monoclonal camelidae variable heavy chain domain‐only antibodies (VHH) have been developed to antagonize the action of human TNFα (anti‐TNF‐VHH). Here we describe a strategy to obtain functional dimeric anti‐TNF‐VHH molecules, based on the C‐terminal fusion of a κ light chain domain to the anti‐TNF‐VHH. The resulting fusion protein was transiently expressed by use of viral vectors in Nicotiana benthamiana(Nb) leaves and purified. Competitive ELISA and cell cytotoxicity assays revealed that the dimerized anti‐NbTNF‐VHHCκ proteins blocked TNFα‐activity more effectively than either the monomeric Escherichia coli(Ec) produced anti‐EcTNF‐VHH or the monomeric anti‐NbTNF‐VHHCκ. We suggest that enhanced inhibition shown by dimeric anti‐NbTNF‐VHHCκ proteins is achieved by an increase in avidity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 161–166. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.