bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishing and environment drive spatial heterogeneity in Celtic Sea fish community size structure
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Gerritsen Hans D. , Kaiser Michel J. , Truszkowska Holly S. , Reid David G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Shephard, S., Gerritsen, H. D., Kaiser, M. J., Truszkowska, H. S., and Reid, D. G. 2011. Fishing and environment drive spatial heterogeneity in Celtic Sea fish community size structure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2106–2113. The Large Fish Indicator (LFI) is a univariate size-based indicator of fish community state that has been selected to support the OSPAR fish community Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO). To operate this EcoQO, a survey-based LFI for each OSPAR region needs to be developed. However, fish communities in these regions are spatially heterogeneous, and there is evidence of within-region spatial variation in the LFI that could confound an overall indicator series. For Celtic Sea trawl-survey sites, spline correlograms indicate positive spatial autocorrelation at a similar range (∼40 km) for the LFI and for fishing effort (h year−1) from vessel monitoring systems. Statistical models reveal a strong negative effect on annual LFI by site of fishing effort within a radius of 40 km. There was a weak effect of fishing within 20 km and no effect at 10 km. LFI also varied significantly with substratum and with local fish community composition identified by a resemblance matrix derived from the survey data. Finally, there was a weak effect of survey year on LFI. Spatial stratification of LFI calculations may be necessary when developing size-based indicators for OSPAR or Marine Strategy Framework Directive regions.
Evaluation of Northern Grape Hybrid Cultivars for Their Susceptibility to Anthracnose Caused by Elsinoe ampelina
Authors: Carisse Odile , Lefebvre Annie 
Published: August 2011

Use of winter-hardy grape cultivars has enabled expansion of wine grape production in the province of Quebec, Canada, but some of the cultivars have been reported as susceptible to grape anthracnose, a serious disease. The disease causes grape leaves and berries to dry up and drop prematurely, resulting in poor or no yield and, in cold climates, reduced winter survival. On susceptible cultivars, anthracnose management is costly, making grape production unprofitable. Therefore, cold climate grape cultivars were evaluated for their susceptibility to leaf infection by E. ampelina. Plants were grown from dormant cuttings and on each plant the youngest three leaves were tagged and inoculated with a conidial suspension of E. ampelina (1 × 106 spores per ml). Immediately after inoculation, plants were maintained under high humidity conditions at 24 ± 2°C for 72 h. The number of lesions per leaf was determined 14 days after inoculation. Cluster analysis was used to group the cultivars based on their susceptibility. The cultivars were classified as: (i) resistant or slightly susceptible – DM 8521-1, ES 10-18-30, St-Pépin, Sabrevois, Vidal banc, Baltica, Frontenac gris, Ste-Croix, Somerset, Frontenac, Seyval blanc; (ii) susceptible – Muscat de Swenson, Geisenheim, La Crescent, Frontenac blanc, Louise Swanson, Delisle; and (iii) highly susceptible – Swenson White, Vandal Cliche, Traminette, and Marquette. Knowledge of the susceptibility of grape cultivars to anthracnose will help growers to make prudent cultivar choices when new vineyards are established. Accepted for publication 31 May 2011. Published 5 August 2011.
Identifying key performance indicators for nursing and midwifery care using a consensus approach
Authors: McCance Tanya , Telford Lorna , Wilson Julie , MacLeod Olive , Dowd Audrey 
Published: August 2011

Aims.  The aim of this study was to gain consensus on key performance indicators that are appropriate and relevant for nursing and midwifery practice in the current policy context.Background.  There is continuing demand to demonstrate effectiveness and efficiency in health and social care and to communicate this at boardroom level. Whilst there is substantial literature on the use of clinical indicators and nursing metrics, there is less evidence relating to indicators that reflect the patient experience.Design.  A consensus approach was used to identify relevant key performance indicators.Methods.  A nominal group technique was used comprising two stages: a workshop involving all grades of nursing and midwifery staff in two HSC trusts in Northern Ireland (n = 50); followed by a regional Consensus Conference (n = 80). During the workshop, potential key performance indicators were identified. This was used as the basis for the Consensus Conference, which involved two rounds of consensus. Analysis was based on aggregated scores that were then ranked.Results.  Stage one identified 38 potential indicators and stage two prioritised the eight top‐ranked indicators as a core set for nursing and midwifery. The relevance and appropriateness of these indicators were confirmed with nurses and midwives working in a range of settings and from the perspective of service users.Conclusions.  The eight indicators identified do not conform to the majority of other nursing metrics generally reported in the literature. Furthermore, they are strategically aligned to work on the patient experience and are reflective of the fundamentals of nursing and midwifery practice, with the focus on person‐centred care.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses and midwives have a significant contribution to make in determining the extent to which these indicators are achieved in practice. Furthermore, measurement of such indicators provides an opportunity to evidence of the unique impact of nursing/midwifery care on the patient experience.
Infection of human enteroendocrine cells with Chlamydia trachomatis: a possible model for pathogenesis in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Dlugosz A. , Zakikhany K. , Muschiol S. , Hultenby K. , Lindberg G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Recently, our group detected chlamydial antigens in enteroendocrine cells (EEC) of jejunum biopsies from patients with IBS. Impairment of EEC secretion upon Chlamydia infection might lead to disturbances of gut functions. We have therefore studied the interaction between Chlamydia and EEC in vitro.Methods  Two different human enteroendocrine cell lines were studied: LCC‐18 from a neuroendocrine colonic tumour and CNDT2 from a small intestinal carcinoid. Cell lines were infected with C. trachomatis serovar LGV II strain 434. We used Penicillin G for inducing persistent infection. The ultrastructure of infected cells was studied using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence and we used RT‐PCR analysis for studying changes in gene expression at different stages of infection.Key Results  We found that both cell lines could be infected with C. trachomatis yielding productive infections and persistence could be induced using penicillin G. Immunofluorescence showed different cellular distributions of serotonin and chromogranin A in non‐infected (cytoplasmatic distribution) compared with infected cells (serotonin and chromogranin mostly in chlamydial inclusions). In line with the microscopical findings, we found a significant down‐regulation of the gene coding for the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT1) in infected compared with non‐infected EEC (P < 0.05).Conclusions & Inferences  Altered protein distributions together with down‐regulation of VMAT1 suggest that chlamydial infection may influence vesicular transport. It is therefore possible that such an infection in vivo could lead to disturbances in the regulation of gut functions.
Burial surveillance detected significant reduction in HIV‐related deaths in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Araya Tekebash , Tensou Biruk , Davey Gail , Berhane Yemane 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjective  To determine the level of HIV‐related mortality reduction after the introduction of large‐scale antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a burial surveillance system coupled with verbal autopsy (VA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods  Prospective burial surveillance was established in 2001 at cemeteries in Addis Ababa. VA interviews were periodically conducted on a random sample of adult burials registered between 2001 and 2009. Independent physicians reviewed the completed VA questionnaires and assigned underlying causes of death. The period before 2005 was defined as pre‐ART and that since 2005 as the ART era. HIV‐specific mortality fractions were calculated by age, sex and year of burial to examine the mortality trends before and during the ART era.Results  Of the 4239 VA physician diagnoses, 1087 (25.6%) were ascribed to HIV‐related deaths. HIV‐related deaths in 2009 were 33% fewer than in 2001. The proportion of HIV‐related deaths was reduced from 44.0% in the pre‐ART period to 20.0% in the ART era. Mortality in women (36.7%) declined more than in men (30%). A marked reduction in HIV‐specific mortality was observed in the age group 30–39 years (from 69.1% pre‐ART to 46.8% during ART era) compared to 20–29 (from 60.5% pre‐ART to 41.0% during ART) and 40–49 year olds (49.7%) pre‐ART to 34.4% during ART provision).Conclusion  Burial surveillance combined with VA demonstrated a significant reduction in HIV‐related deaths during the provision of free ART. Replication of burial surveillance is recommended in similar settings, where a vital registration system is non‐existent, to track large‐scale population‐level interventions.
Calcium supplements lower bone resorption after renal transplant
Authors: Yu Raymond W. , Faull Randall J. , Coates P. Toby H. , Coates Penelope S. 
Published: August 2011

Yu RW, Faull RJ, Coates PTH, Coates PS. Calcium supplements lower bone resorption after renal transplant.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01487.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Aim:  Bone loss in renal transplant (RT) patients is a problem that begins during end‐stage kidney disease and persists after transplantation. Suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) may decrease bone loss and improve fracture rate.Methods:  A single‐group prospective intervention study involving 30 patients was performed at a large RT unit. Investigations included dual‐emission X‐ray absorptiometry scan, vertebral X‐ray, calcium absorption test, 24‐h urinary calcium and serum measurements of total and ionized calcium, PTH, C‐telopeptide cross‐links (CTX), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3. Patients were given 500 mg elemental calcium daily for seven d, and serum measurements were repeated.Results:  Two‐tailed Wilcoxon rank‐sum test showed significant decreases in PTH (p < 0.01) and CTX (p < 0.01) after calcium load. Dietary calcium, mean calcium absorption, and urinary calcium excretion were below desirable levels. Mean 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was low, but levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 were normal. Calcium absorption significantly correlated with change in PTH (p < 0.001), baseline 25(OH)D (p < 0.001), and mycophenolate dose (p = 0.024).Conclusions:  Calcium malabsorption is prevalent in RT recipients, contributing to bone destruction and compounded by poor dietary intake and low 25(OH)D. Calcium supplementation appears to help overcome this deficiency and acutely suppress PTH. Calcium may be an effective and inexpensive therapy for bone loss in RT recipients.
Early Cannulation Grafts in Straight Axillo‐Axillary Angioaccesses Avoid Central Catheter Insertions
Authors: Chemla Eric S. , Nelson Steve , Morsy Mohamed 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe need for early cannulation grafts exists to prevent use of central venous catheters. We report our experience in patients who had a straight axillo‐axillary angioaccess. All patients who have undergone an early cannulation axillo‐axillary angioaccess between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed. Fifteen patients had 16 procedures. Of these, eight were women and their mean age was 56. All patients had exhausted access options bilaterally. All had previous catheter insertions with either sepsis or jugular veins thrombosis. They all had an axillary artery to axillary vein angioaccess using an early cannulation graft. Flixene® (Atrium Medical, Hudson, NH, USA) was used in 10 cases, whereas Rapidax® (Vascutek Ltd., Renfrewshire, UK) in 6. In 12 cases, grafts were cannulated after 12 hours, in 4 after 24 hours (12 hours–8 days, mean 1.8 days). For Flixene®, mean delay to cannulation was 1.1 days, whereas 2.71 for Rapidax® (p < 0.05). Primary patency rates were 92.9% and 65.7% at 6 weeks and 1 year, respectively. Secondary patency rates were 92.9% and 83.5%. There was no significant difference in patency rates between grafts. Early cannulation grafts in a complex position are safe and efficient considering their patency and complication rates. It avoids using central venous catheters.
Invasive species as drivers of evolutionary change: cane toads in tropical Australia
Authors: Shine Richard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe arrival of an invasive species can have wide‐ranging ecological impacts on native taxa, inducing rapid evolutionary responses in ways that either reduce the invader’s impact or exploit the novel opportunity that it provides. The invasion process itself can cause substantial evolutionary shifts in traits that influence the invader’s dispersal rate (via both adaptive and non‐adaptive mechanisms) and its ability to establish new populations. I briefly review the nature of evolutionary changes likely to be set in train by a biological invasion, with special emphasis on recent results from my own research group on the invasion of cane toads (Rhinella marina) through tropical Australia. The toads’ invasion has caused evolutionary changes both in the toads and in native taxa. Many of those changes are adaptive, but others may result from non‐adaptive evolutionary processes: for example, the evolved acceleration in toad dispersal rates may be due to spatial sorting of dispersal‐enhancing genes, rather than fitness advantages to faster‐dispersing individuals. Managers need to incorporate evolutionary dynamics into their conservation planning, because biological invasions can affect both the rates and the trajectories of evolutionary change.
The First Detection of Brucella canis in Cattle in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Baek B. K. , Park M. Y. , Islam M. A. , Khatun M. M. , Lee S. I. , Boyle S. M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryTwenty mammary lymph node samples were collected from cattle on a farm in the Republic of Korea. These cattle were serologically negative for Brucella by tube agglutination test (≤1 : 50) and serum agglutination test (≤1 : 50). Out of 20 lymph node samples, two samples were positive for Brucella growth on Brucella agar as well as blood agar. Tests for urease, hydrogen sulphide and reactions against monospecific sera A and M indicated that these two isolates (No. 15 and 16) belong to the genus Brucella. Genus specific, AMOS (abortus, melitensis, ovis, suis) and Bruce‐ladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays confirmed the Brucella isolates as either a B. abortus or a B. canis strain. This is the first report of the occurrence of a B. canis infection in cattle in Korea. More survey data are needed to determine whether B. canis is a significant aetiology in the cases of cattle brucellosis in Korea.
The Trevo device: preclinical data of a novel stroke thrombectomy device in two different animal models of arterial thrombo-occlusive disease
Authors: Nogueira Raul G , Levy Elad I , Gounis Matthew , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundThe currently available mechanical devices fail to achieve recanalization in as many as 20–40% of proximal arterial occlusion strokes.ObjectiveThe preclinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a novel thrombectomy device designed to achieve immediate flow restoration by quickly removing clot is reported.MethodsFour confirmatory animal studies were performed with the Trevo device (Concentric Medical Inc, Mountain View, California, USA) in the swine (n=2) and canine (n=1) models of arterial thrombo-occlusive disease employing autologous thrombin generated thrombi. The angiographic response and the degree of device–clot incorporation were evaluated. High resolution flat panel three-dimensional CT was performed to further define the in vivo device–thrombus–vessel interaction. Finally, samples of three swine vessels treated with six passes of the device were explanted for histopathological analysis.ResultsA total of 16 clots of variable hardness and consistency were implanted in a variety of vascular settings, including the swine internal maxillary, lingual and forelimb arteries as well as the canine external carotid and vertebral arteries. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 2–3 reperfusion was achieved in all cases immediately after device deployment. All 16 clots were retrieved after one (n=15) or two (n=1) passes with the device. Histopathological analysis demonstrated severe disruption of the intima but no hemorrhage of media or adventitia.ConclusionThe experimental data suggest that the Trevo device is highly effective at achieving immediate reperfusion of occluded arteries without causing any clinically significant disruption of vascular integrity.
The indication of Martian gully formation processes by slope–area analysis
Authors: Conway Susan J. , Balme Matthew R. , Murray John B. , Towner Martin C. , Okubo Chris H. , Grindrod Peter M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The formation process of recent gullies on Mars is currently under debate. This study aims to discriminate between the proposed formation processes – pure water flow, debris flow and dry mass wasting – through the application of geomorphological indices commonly used in terrestrial geomorphology. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of Earth and Mars were used to evaluate the drainage characteristics of small slope sections. Data from Earth were used to validate the hillslope, debris-flow and alluvial process domains previously found for large fluvial catchments on Earth, and these domains were applied to gullied and ungullied slopes on Mars. In accordance with other studies, our results indicate that debris flow is one of the main processes forming the Martian gullies that were being examined. The source of the water is predominantly distributed surface melting, not an underground aquifer. Evidence is also presented indicating that other processes may have shaped Martian crater slopes, such as ice-assisted creep and solifluction, in agreement with the proposed recent Martian glacial and periglacial climate. Our results suggest that, within impact craters, different processes are acting on differently oriented slopes, but further work is needed to investigate the potential link between these observations and changes in Martian climate.
Landscape evolution in Martian mid-latitude regions: insights from analogous periglacial landforms in Svalbard
Authors: Hauber E. , Reiss D. , Ulrich M. , Preusker F. , Trauthan F. , Zanetti M. , Hiesinger H. , Jaumann R. , Johansson L. , Johnsson A. , Van Gasselt S. , Olvmo M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Periglacial landforms on Spitsbergen (Svalbard, Norway) are morphologically similar to landforms on Mars that are probably related to the past and/or present existence of ice at or near the surface. Many of these landforms, such as gullies, debris-flow fans, polygonal terrain, fractured mounds and rock-glacier-like features, are observed in close spatial proximity in mid-latitude craters on Mars. On Svalbard, analogous landforms occur in strikingly similar proximity, which makes them useful study cases to infer the spatial and chronological evolution of Martian cold-climate surface processes. The analysis of the morphological inventory of analogous landforms on Svalbard and Mars allows the processes operating on Mars to be constrained. Different qualitative scenarios of landscape evolution on Mars help to better understand the action of periglacial processes on Mars in the recent past.
On the classification of convex lattice polytopes
Authors: Liu Heling , Zong Chuanming 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In 1980, Arnold studied the classification problem for convex lattice polygons of given area. Since then this problem and its high dimensional analogue have been studied by Bárány, Pach, Vershik and others. Bounds for the number of non-equivalent d-dimensional convex lattice polytopes of given volume have been achieved. In this paper we study Arnold's problem for centrally symmetric lattice polygons and the classification problem for convex lattice polytopes of given cardinality. In the plane we obtain analogues to the bounds of Arnold, Bárány and Pach in both cases. However, the number of non-equivalent d-dimensional convex lattice polytopes of w lattice points is infinite whenever w – 1 ≥ d ≥ 3, which may intuitively contradict to Bárány and Vershik's upper bound.
Studies on electro-oxidation of lignin and lignin model compounds. Part 2: N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)-mediated indirect electro-oxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds
Authors: Shiraishi Takumi , Takano Toshiyuki , Kamitakahara Hiroshi , Nakatsubo Fumiaki 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)-mediated indirect electro-oxidation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds has been investigated for selective Cα-carbonylation of lignin. A cyclic voltammogram of NHPI in 0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN with 2,6-lutidine interpreted that NHPI can act as a mediator in the indicated process in the range 0.5–0.8 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The corresponding Cα-carbonyl compounds was obtained in high yields (85–97%) in the case of the monomer 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethanol in 0.1 M LiClO4/CH3CN or 0.1 M LiClO4/(CH3CN/H2O=7/3) with a small amount of 2,6-lutidine at 0.7 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The processing of the dimeric lignin model compound (4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether) also gave the corresponding Cα-carbonyl compound in high yield (88–92%). The reaction proceeds through hydrogen atom transfer in the NHPI-mediated electro-oxidation. On the other hand, the direct electro-oxidation and indirect electro-oxidation mediated by ABTS [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] of the dimeric compound preferentially gave the corresponding Cα-Cβ cleavage product in low or moderate yields (5–40%). The conclusion is that NHPI is an excellent mediator for selective Cα-carbonylation of non-phenolic β-O-4 structures in lignin in electronic mediator system.
Selecting process parameter in injection molding via simulation optimization
Authors: Villarreal-Marroquín María G. , Mulyana Rachmat , Castro José M. , Cabrera-Ríos Mauricio 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A simulation optimization method based on design of experiments and adaptive metamodeling techniques is applied in this work to set process parameters in injection molding. The proposed method is used first to select the best processing conditions to injection molding a disposable camera front plate in the presence of either a single performance measure or a composite function of a series of performance measures. Secondly, it is used to select the best injection gate configuration from three different injection scenarios, as well as the values of mold temperature and melt temperature for a real automotive part in order to minimize process variability. The optimization results are discussed in light of the performance of the simulation optimization method.