bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olympics
Authors: Lins Marcos Estellita , Silva Angela Moreira da 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo distinguishing issues in OR applied to Olympics are the ability to explain achievements related to available resources of a country and the capacity to shape and project domestic and global images of the host country. This paper addresses both these issues.One particular aspect herein is the application of OR to the contents of the article itself, since the use of a tool from problem structuring methods, namely concept map helps the reader to grasp the connections between the several applications and methodologies.This is done in three instances: to understand the rationale behind OR/MS applied to Olympics, to provide an overview of the explanatory variables for Olympic results, and to support Olympic planning.
Structure and Properties of
d
8
Metal–Dithiolene Complexes
Authors: Deplano Paola , Mercuri M. Laura , Serpe Angela , Pilia Luca 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Introduction

Square‐Planar

d

8
Metal Dithiolenes

Molecular Conductors, Magnets and Conducting/Magnetic Hybrid Materials

Perspectives

Acknowledgments
Conjugate Addition of Hydroxylamines, Oximes and Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Du Yunfei , Mao Deng , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Zhao Kang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe conjugate addition of hydroxylamines, oximes and hydroxamic acids provides convenient route to incorporate an NO moiety into various Michael acceptors. This chapter reviews comprehensive experimental reactions on the formation of carbon–nitrogen and carbon–oxygen bonds via conjugate addition of hydroxylamines, oximes and hydroxamic acids to alkenes, alkynes or allenes attached to one or more electron‐withdrawing groups. Hydroxylamine derivatives predominantly undergo N‐centered conjugate addition, while for the ambient nucleophilic oximes and hydroxamic acids, both N‐centered and O‐centered conjugate addition are operative by control of the reaction conditions. A concerted cycloaddition mechanism has been well established for the conjugate addition ofN‐substituted hydroxylamines. The last decade has witnessed enormous growth in enantioselective conjugate addition of hydroxylamine derivatives and the O‐centered oximes.General IntroductionConjugate Addition of Hydroxylamine and ItsderivativesConjugate Addition of OximesConjugate Addition of Hydroxamic AcidsConclusionsAcknowledgments
Low Temperature Deformation Detwinning—A Reverse Mode of Twinning
Authors: Wang Yan‐Dong , Liu Wenjun , Lu Lei , Ren Yang , Nie Zhi‐Hua , Almer Jonathan , Cheng Sheng , Shen Yong‐Feng , Zuo Liang , Liaw Peter K. , Lu Ke 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe origin of the plasticity in bulk nanocrystalline metals have, to date, been attributed to the grain‐boundary‐mediated process, stress‐induced grain coalescence, dislocation plasticity, and/or twinning. Here we report a different mechanism—detwinning, which operates at low temperatures during the tensile deformation of an electrodeposited Cu with a high density of nanosized growth twins. Both three‐dimensional XRD microscopy using the Laue method with a submicron‐sized polychromatic beam and high‐energy XRD technique with a monochromatic beam provide the direct experimental evidences for low temperature detwinning of nanoscale twins.
Hybridmaterialien aus Nucleinsäuren und organischen Polymeren: Synthese, Überstrukturen und Anwendungen
Authors: Kwak Minseok , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Entwicklung von Hybridstrukturen aus Biomakromolekülen und organischen Polymeren, die über kovalente Bindungen miteinander verknüpft sind, ist ein intensiv bearbeitetes Gebiet. Während die Kombination von Proteinen/Peptiden mit synthetischen Makromolekülen bereits umfassend untersucht worden ist, sind bisher weit weniger Beispiele für Nucleinsäure‐Polymer‐Hybride bekannt. In diesem Aufsatz stellen wir ausgewählte Beispiele dieser interessanten Materialklasse vor, deren Vertreter lineare Blockcopolymere, Seitenkettenpolymere oder vernetzte Strukturen sein können. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Herstellung derartiger Materialien sowie auf möglichen Anwendungen in der Nanowissenschaft, Diagnostik und Biomedizin.
Nucleic Acid/Organic Polymer Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Superstructures, and Applications
Authors: Kwak Minseok , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractExtensive efforts have been devoted to the development of hybrid structures consisting of biomacromolecules and organic polymers connected through covalent bonds. While the combination of proteins and peptides with synthetic macromolecules has been explored in depth, far fewer examples of nucleic acid/polymer hybrids are known. In this Review we give selected examples of this exciting class of materials which can be arranged as linear block copolymer architectures, as side‐chain polymers, or as cross‐linked networks. Emphasis is placed on the fabrication of these materials as well as on their potential applications in nanoscience, diagnostics, and biomedicine.
Unbewehrte Betongelenke – 100 Jahre Erfahrung im Brückenbau
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Marx Steffen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUnbewehrte Betongelenke sind eine zuverlässige und dauerhafte Konstruktionsform im Brückenbau. Sie reduzieren Zwängungen und Biegemomente und verhindern somit unnötig große Beanspruchungen. Eugène Freyssinet entwickelte bereits 1909 die Idee, die Übertragung von großen Lagerkräften und moderaten Verdrehungen durch plastische Verformungen des Betons zu ermöglichen. Seit der ersten Anwendung beim Pont du Veurdre werden Betongelenke aufgrund der vielen Vorteile gegenüber Stahllagern erfolgreich in Brückenbauwerken eingesetzt. Der Beitrag zeigt die verschiedenen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Betongelenken im Brückenbau und erläutert einzelne ausgeführte Brücken detaillierter. Neben den wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen in der Herstellung haben Betongelenke den Vorteil, dass sie dauerhaft sind und natürliche Ressourcen schonen. Anhand eines Vergleiches der Ökobilanzen bei Ausführung eines Brückenlagers mit einem Betongelenk und einem Topflager wird der ökologische Vorteil der einfachen Lagerausbildung mit Betongelenken deutlich.
Zur Frage der Mindestbewehrung bei Aufbeton‐Verbundfugen
Authors: Randl Norbert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractZur Mindestbewehrung von Aufbeton‐Verbundfugen, wie sie im Zusammenhang mit Tragwerksverstärkungen und ‐sanierungen gebräuchlich sind, gibt es in der Literatur und einschlägigen Regelwerken stark divergierende bis widersprüchliche Aussagen. Aus Sicht der Baubeteiligten besteht der Wunsch, die Anzahl allfälliger Bewehrungselemente bzw. Verbindungsmittel möglichst gering zu halten, da diese in der Regel mit relativ hohem Aufwand nachträglich eingemörtelt werden müssen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird, ausgehend vom Stand der Technik und abgestimmt auf die Regelungen zur Schubfugenbemessung nach Eurocode 2, erläutert, wann auf Verbinder weitgehend verzichtet und wie andererseits bei Überschreiten des adhäsiven Verbundes in Abhängigkeit von den Verbundeigenschaften und der Schubbeanspruchung sinnvolle Bewehrungsgrade definiert werden können.
Influence ofMoringa oleiferaon pharmacokinetic disposition of rifampicin using HPLC‐PDA method: a pre‐clinical study
Authors: Pal Anirban , Bawankule Dnyaneshwar Umrao , Darokar Mahendra Pandurang , Gupta Subhash Chandra , Arya Jai Shankar , Shanker Karuna , Gupta Madan Mohan , Yadav Narayan Prasad , Singh Khanuja Suman Preet 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe influence of active fraction isolated from pods of an indigenous plant,Moringa oleifera(MoAF) was studied on the pharmacokinetic profile of the orally administered frontline anti‐tuberculosis drug rifampicin (20 mg/kg b.w.) in Swiss albino mice. The antibiotic rifampicin alone and in combination withMoAF(0.1 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally and heparanized blood samples were collected from the orbital plexus of mice for plasma separation at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h, post treatment. Plasma rifampicin concentration, pharmacokinetic parameters and drug metabolizing enzyme (cytochrome P‐450) activity were determined. The pharmacokinetic data revealed thatMoAF‐treated animals had significantly increased rifampicin plasma concentration,Cmax,Kel,t½(a),t½(el),Kaand AUC as well as inhibited rifampicin‐induced cytochrome P‐450 activity. In conclusion, the result of this study suggested that the bioavailability‐enhancing property ofMoAFmay help to lower the dosage level and shorten the treatment course of rifampicin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of chemical constituents in Rhizoma Paridis Saponins and their oral administration in rat plasma by UPLC/Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Man Shuli , Gao Wenyuan , Zhang Yanjun , Huang Luqi , Liu Changxiao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOn‐line ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with diode‐array detection (UPLC/DAD) and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) were used for separation, identification and structural analyses of saponins in Rhizoma Paridis saponins (RPS) and rat plasma after oral administration of RPS. Thirty steroidal saponins in RPS were identified by comparing their retention time, accurate mass measurement and positive and negative mass spectrometry data with that of reference compounds. The UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS method was proved to be rapid and efficient in that 30 steroidal saponins, including three kinds of saponins (prototype, pennogenyl and diosgenyl saponins) were tentatively characterized within 6 min. After oral administration of RPS, 21 original saponins were absorbed in RPS‐treated rat plasma. Our results indicated that UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS is a rapid and effective tool for identification of a series of saponins at trace level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of three acidic herbicide residues in food crops using HPLC and confirmation via LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Shin Eun‐Ho , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Khay Sathya , Kim Sun‐Ju , Im Moo Hyeog , Kwon Chan‐Hyeok , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: September 2010

Abstract2,4‐D, dicamba and 4‐CPA with auxin‐like activity have been intensively used in agriculture, for the control of unwanted broadleaf weeds. An analytical method involving HPLC coupled with UVD was developed for the simultaneous analysis of these three analytes in Chinese cabbage, apple and pepper fruits (representative non‐fatty samples) and brown rice and soybean (representative fatty samples) using liquid‐liquid partitioning and column cleanup procedures. The residues were confirmed via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The standard curves were linear over the range of the tested concentrations (0.25–10 µg/mL), as shown by a marked linearity in excess of 0.9999 (r2). The average recoveries (mean, n = 3) ranged from 94.30 to 102.63 in Chinese cabbage, from 94.76 to 108.47 in apple, from 97.52 to 102.27 in pepper, from 76.19 to 101.90 in brown rice, and from 74.60 to 107.39 in soybean. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <9% in all tested matrices. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.006 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Samples purchased from local markets were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the methods developed herein. The concentration of the 2,4‐D residue was measured at 0.102 mg/kg in the soybean sample; however, this level is exactly the same MRL set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. This developed method deserves full and complete consideration, as it clearly displays the sensitivity, accuracy and precision required for residue analysis of 2,4‐D, dicamba and 4‐CPA in food crops. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cycloaddition des Méthylazide et Phénylazide au β‐Nitrostyrène et au Nitropropène Homologue
Authors: Cailleux P. , Piet J. C. , Benhaoua H. , Carrié R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhenylazide and methylazide reacts with title olefines and gives two isomeric triazoles without nitro group, and 4‐nitro‐1,2,3 triazole. The isomerisation of starting alkenes explains the formation of isomeric triazoles. Oxydation of amino‐nitro‐diazocompounds in equilibrium with 1,2,3 triazolines leads to 4‐nitro‐1,2,3 triazoles.
Variation of the number of metal atoms involved in active sites and of the true activation energy of hydrocarbon conversion and co hydrogenation over metals
Authors: Martin Guy Antonin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAccording to the model of ensemble, most of the kinetic features of a catalytic reaction can be described by a simple equation involving only two adjustable parameters, the true activation energy, Eo, and the nuclearity, X, of the active site which consists of an ensemble composed of X adjacent free metal atoms. This review paper shows that for one given reaction, X does not change from one metal to another (CH4‐D2 exchange over Ni and Rh). In contrast, it varies dramatically from one reaction to another, addition reaction being associated with low X values, and reactions involving C‐H and C‐C bond cleavage requiring progressively larger nuclearities.In contrast, Eo varies little with the type of reaction which is considered. In the same way, q, the energy characteristic of active sites, deduced from the slope of the curve obtained by plotting the apparent activation energy, Ea, versus y, the order with respect to the reactant which is the most abundant on the surface of the catalyst (Temkin's equation) does not depend much on the type of reaction. This yields a unique curve when considering a series of reactions over several metals in a Ea vs y representation. Finally, it is observed that Eo=q for the case of five reactions, for still unclear reasons.
Catalytic automotive exhaust gas depollution: Present status and new trends
Authors: Prigent Michel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA review is made of the various types of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems presently used on most vehicles to reduce pollutant emissions. The systems are differentiated by their mode of action, according to the engine type to be depolluted (2‐strokes, 4‐strokes, diesel or spark‐ignition), and by their type of make‐up. The major developments foreseen in the future, in view of compliance with the new legislations, are described. Means enabling some prototype vehicles with internal combustion engines to emit pollutant quantities really close to zero, such as electric cars, are described.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Human Liver‐Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2
Authors: Henriques Sónia Troeira , Tan Chia Chia , Craik David J. , Clark Richard J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP‐2) is a cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) believed to have a protective role against bacterial infection. Little is known about the structure–activity relationships of LEAP‐2 or its mechanism of action. In this study we describe the structure of LEAP‐2, analyze its interaction with model membranes, and relate them to the antimicrobial activity of the peptide. The structure of LEAP‐2, determined by NMR spectroscopy, reveals a compact central core with disorder at the N and C termini. The core comprises a β‐hairpin and a 310‐ helix that are braced by disulfide bonds between Cys17–28 and Cys23–33 and further stabilized by a network of hydrogen bonds. Membrane‐affinity studies show that LEAP‐2 membrane binding is governed by electrostatic attractions, which are sensitive to ionic strength. Truncation studies show that the C‐terminal region of LEAP‐2 is irrelevant for membrane binding, whereas the N‐terminal (hydrophobic domain) and core regions (cationic domain) are essential. Bacterial‐growth‐inhibition assays reveal that the antimicrobial activity of LEAP‐2 correlates with membrane affinity. Interestingly, the native and reduced forms of LEAP‐2 have similar membrane affinity and antimicrobial activities; this suggests that disulfide bonds are not essential for the bactericidal activity. This study reveals that LEAP‐2 has a novel fold for a CAMP and suggests that although LEAP‐2 exhibits antimicrobial activity under low‐salt conditions, there is likely to be another physiological role for the peptide.
Anion–π Interactions in Salts with Polyhalide Anions: Trapping of I42−
Authors: Müller Michael , Albrecht Markus , Gossen Verena , Peters Tanja , Hoffmann Andreas , Raabe Gerhard , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe directionality of interaction of electron‐deficient π systems with spherical anions (e.g,. halides) can be controlled by secondary effects like NH or CH hydrogen bonding. In this study a series of pentafluorophenyl‐substituted salts with polyhalide anions is investigated. The compounds are obtained by aerobic oxidation of the corresponding halide upon crystallization. Solid‐state structures reveal that in bromide 2, directing NH–anion interactions position the bromide ion in an η1‐type fashion over but not in the center of the aromatic ring. The same directing forces are effective in corresponding tribromide salt 3. In the crystal, the bromide ion is paneled by four electron‐deficient aromatic ring systems. In addition, compounds 4 and 6, which have triiodide and the rare tetraiodide dianion as anions, are described. Computational studies reveal that the latter is highly unstable. In the present case it is stabilized by the crystal lattice, for example, by interaction with electron‐deficient π systems.
ChemInform Abstract: New Phosphorus Derivatives of Nitrosoalkanes and Oximes
Authors: HUND H. , ROESCHENTHALER G.‐V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A hybrid process for chiral separation of compound‐forming systems
Authors: Gou Linzhu , Robl Simone , Leonhard Kai , Lorenz Heike , Sordo Magdalena , Butka Annamaria , Kesselheim Stefan , Wolff Morris , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas , Schaber Karlheinz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe resolution of chiral compound‐forming systems using hybrid processes was discussed recently. The concept is of large relevance as these systems form the majority of chiral substances. In this study, a novel hybrid process is presented, which combines pertraction and subsequent preferential crystallization and is applicable for the resolution of such systems. A supported liquid membrane applied in a pertraction process provides enantiomeric enrichment. This membrane contains a solution of a chiral compound acting as a selective carrier for one of the enantiomers. Screening of a large number of liquid membranes and potential carriers using the conductor‐like screening model for realistic solvation method led to the identification of several promising carriers, which were tested experimentally in several pertraction runs aiming to yield enriched (+)‐(S)‐mandelic acid (MA) solutions from racemic feed solutions. The most promising system consisted of tetrahydronaphthalene as liquid membrane and hydroquinine‐4‐methyl‐2‐quinolylether (HMQ) as chiral carrier achieving enantiomeric excesses of 15% in average. The successful production of (+)‐(S)‐MA with a purity above 96% from enriched solutions by subsequent preferential crystallization proved the applicability of the hybrid process. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective σ1receptor binding and biotransformation of the spirocyclic PET tracer 1′‐benzyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐3H‐spiro[[2]benzofuran‐1,4′‐piperidine]
Authors: Wiese Christian , Maestrup Eva Große , Schepmann Dirk , Grimme Stefan , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Brust Peter , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt was shown that racemic (±)‐2[1′‐benzyl‐3‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐3H‐spiro[[2]benzofuran‐1,4′‐piperidine],WMS‐1813] represents a promising positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the investigation of centrally located σ1receptors. To study the pharmacological activity of the enantiomers of2, a preparative HPLC separation of(R)‐2and(S)‐2was performed. The absolute configuration of the enantiomers was determined by CD‐spectroscopy together with theoretical calculations of the CD‐spectrum of a model compound. In receptor binding studies with the radioligand [3H]‐(+)‐pentazocine,(S)‐2was thrice more potent than its (R)‐configured enantiomer(R)‐2. The metabolic degradation of the more potent (S)‐enantiomer was considerably slower than the metabolism of(R)‐2. The structures of the main metabolites of both enantiomers were elucidated by determination of the exact mass using an Orbitrap‐LC‐MS system. These experiments showed a stereoselective biotransformation of the enantiomers of2. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vortex‐induced chiral bifurcation in aggregating insulin
Authors: Dzwolak Wojciech 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChiral symmetry breaking occurs during vortex‐assisted crystallization of several simple compounds leading to a stochastically determined emergence of an enantiomeric excess of one chiral isomer. This article summarizes recent developments in studies of a similar phenomenon observed in agitated solutions of aggregating insulin, when a phase transition—precipitation of insoluble amyloid fibrils from solutions of the native protein—is coupled to a conformational transition of the native alpha‐helical structure into aggregated beta‐sheets. In contrast to the previously known cases of chiral bifurcation, the substrate is built of L‐amino acids and, therefore, chirally biased. However, under certain conditions, insulin forms fibrils with superstructural chiral features that are independent of the left‐handedness of amino acid residues, as revealed by the sign of extrinsic Cotton effect induced in amyloid‐bound achiral dye—thioflavin T. The inherent chiral bias of the protein results in a diastereomeric relationship between the two optical isomers of amyloid superstructures and the fact that relative probability of formation of either isomer is temperature dependent. As the formation of amyloid fibrils in vivo is associated with several degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, this newly observed phenomenon may have important implications in the context of structural basis of biological activity of misfolded proteins. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.