bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hyaena in dynastic Egypt: Fancy food or fantasy food?
Authors: Legge A. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe extensive city of Tell el‐Amarna was constructed by the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and occupied for only 15 years until his death in 1332 BCE. Among the sites excavated, there is the ‘Workmen's Village’, a small detached village with closely grouped houses, yards and animal pens. Among the identified animal bones excavated from there are those of the striped hyaena, Hyaena hyaena. Tomb and temple scenes, mainly from the Old Kingdom, show hyaenas as ritual offerings or associated with hunting events, even under close husbandry, restraint and special feeding. The meaning of these scenes is considered in relation to the definite evidence for butchery and muscle stripping seen on these bones. Hyaena meat may well have posed a threat to the consumer as a probable carrier of trichinosis, a disease now known from mummified human tissues from ancient Egypt. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current and emerging concepts in tumour metastasis
Authors: Coghlin Caroline , Murray Graeme I 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDisseminated cancer accounts for most deaths due to malignancy. Despite this, research has focused predominantly on tumour development and progression at the primary site. Recently, attention has shifted towards the field of tumour metastasis. Several new and exciting concepts that have emerged in the past few years may shed light on this complex area. The established canonical theory of tumour metastasis, as a process emerging from a stepwise accumulation of genetic events fuelled by clonal evolution, has been challenged. New evidence suggests that malignant cells can disseminate at a much earlier stage than previously recognized in tumourigenesis. These findings have direct relevance to clinical practice and shed new light on tumour biology. Gene‐profiling studies support this theory, suggesting that metastatic ability may be an innate property shared by the bulk of cells present early in a developing tumour mass. There is a growing recognition of the importance of host factors outside the primary site in the development of metastatic disease. The role of the ‘pre‐metastatic niche’ is being defined and with this comes a new understanding of the function of bone marrow‐derived progenitor cells in directing the dissemination of malignant cells to distant sites. Current research has highlighted the crucial roles played by non‐neoplastic host cells within the tumour microenvironment in regulating metastasis. These new concepts have wide‐ranging implications for our overall understanding of tumour metastasis and for the development of cancer therapeutics. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High health‐related quality of life among long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Harila Marika J. , Salo Jarmo , Lanning Marjatta , Vilkkumaa Ilpo , Harila‐Saari Arja H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed in a cohort of long‐term childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors.ProcedureRand‐36‐Item health Survey (RAND‐36) was used to assess subjective HRQoL in 74 survivors of ALL an average of 20 years after the diagnosis. Cranial irradiation had been administered to 46 of the survivors, while 28 survivors had solely been treated with chemotherapy. The control group consisted of 146 healthy young adults selected from local population registry. Survivors were examined by a physician and late effects were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAEv3).ResultsALL survivors achieved significantly higher scores than the controls on three of the eight HRQoL subscales; role limitations due to emotional problems (P = 0.030), mental health (P = 0.030) and vitality (P = 0.004). In comparison to controls, survivors with a follow‐up of more than 20 years had significantly higher scores on vitality (P = 0.006) and mental health (P = 0.011). Survivors with severe (grade 3 and 4) late effects scored significantly better than controls on vitality (P = 0.043) and mental health (P = 0.040). Patients who had been treated for an ALL relapse and had received the most intensive chemo‐ and radiotherapy had significantly higher scores on mental health (P = 0.004) and vitality (P = 0.004) than the controls.ConclusionsLong‐term survivors of childhood ALL reported equal or better HRQoL in RAND‐36. Higher HRQoL scores were associated with more severe late effects and intensive therapy. Our findings support the idea of response bias. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:331–336. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Secondary adrenal insufficiency in an infant after intrathecal triple chemotherapy
Authors: Seif Alix E. , Sutter Jennifer A. , Rheingold Susan R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntrathecal triple chemotherapy (ITT) with hydrocortisone, methotrexate, and cytarabine is commonly used in treatment of pediatric acute leukemias. While prolonged systemic administration of corticosteroids is known to suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, there have been no reports describing this effect following administration of ITT. We present an infant with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia who developed clinically significant central adrenal axis suppression following six doses of ITT over 3 weeks, proven by corticorelin stimulation test. As multiple pediatric leukemia protocols incorporate ITT, particularly in infants, we feel that ITT should be considered as a potential source of adrenal axis suppression. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:386–389. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Initial testing of the replication competent Seneca Valley virus (NTX‐010) by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Morton Christopher L. , Houghton Peter J. , Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Maris John M. , Keir Stephen T. , Wu Jianrong , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundSeneca Valley virus (NTX‐010) is a non‐recombinant, replication competent RNA virus that is undergoing phase 1 clinical trials in adults for tumors with neuroendocrine characteristics. Here we have evaluated the antitumor activity of NTX‐010 administered systemically.ProceduresIn vitro NTX‐010 was tested against 23 cell lines exposed for 96 hr at 1 × 10−4 to 104 viral particles (vp)/cell. In vivo NTX‐010 was administered intravenously once at 3 × 1012 vp/kg. Three measures of antitumor activity were used: (1) an objective response measure modeled after the clinical setting; (2) a treated to control (T/C) tumor volume measure; and (3) a time to event (fourfold increase in tumor volume for solid tumor models), measure based on the median event‐free survival (EFS) of treated and control animals for each xenograft.ResultsIn vitro NTX‐010 demonstrated a marked cytotoxic effect in a subset of the cell lines from the neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma panels. In vivo the most consistent activity was observed for the rhabdomyosarcoma and the neuroblastoma panels, with all four of the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts and four of five neuroblastoma xenografts achieving CR or maintained CR. Objective responses were also observed in the rhabdoid tumor, Wilms tumor, and glioblastoma panels.ConclusionsNTX‐010 demonstrated a high level of activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis of existing testing and molecular characterization data may help define the biological characteristics of cancer cells that are associated with response to NTX‐010. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:295–303. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
XIAP expression is post‐transcriptionally upregulated in childhood ALL and is associated with glucocorticoid response in T‐cell ALL
Authors: Hundsdoerfer Patrick , Dietrich Isabell , Schmelz Karin , Eckert Cornelia , Henze Günter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundResistance to glucocorticoid induced apoptosis is one of the major risk factors for relapse and poor outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Overexpression of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) has been shown to be associated with chemotherapy resistance in several malignancies.ProcedureXIAP protein and mRNA expression were determined in leukemic blasts of 51 childhood ALL patients and normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. XIAP expression was correlated with glucocorticoid response and outcome.ResultsXIAP protein but not mRNA expression was found to be highly increased in childhood ALL compared to control bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) (median: 3.5 vs. 0.14 ng/105 MNC, P < 0.0001) indicating a post‐transcriptional regulation of XIAP expression. In patients with T‐cell ALL, poor prednisone response was associated with increased XIAP expression (median: 2.8 in good vs. 5.8 in poor responders; P = 0.005). Similarly, T‐cell ALL patients suffering adverse events showed higher initial XIAP levels than patients in continuous complete remission (CCR) (median: 2.7 in patients in CCR vs. 5.6 in patients suffering adverse events; P = 0.007). XIAP inhibition using the low‐molecular‐weight SMAC mimetic LBW242 resulted in a significant increase of prednisone‐induced apoptosis in vitro.ConclusionIn childhood ALL compared to control bone marrow, the expression of the apoptosis inhibitor XIAP is highly increased by post‐transcriptional regulation. The association with poor in vivo glucocorticoid response and outcome in T‐cell ALL suggests XIAP inhibition as a promising novel approach for the treatment of resistant ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:260–266. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of multiply relapsed lymphoma with rituximab as a single agent
Authors: Alasaad Tariq , Barr Ronald 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe treatment of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is an example of the successful therapy of cancer in children; the cure rate overall at approximately 80%. Unfortunately, relapsed NHL has a dismal prognosis, and the customary treatment is highly toxic chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A child with relapsed T‐cell rich B‐NHL was treated with rituximab alone. This was delivered in eight doses after the recurrence of disease after high‐dose chemotherapy and allogenic HSCT that was undertaken for the first relapse. Eight years after the last dose of rituximab he remains in complete remission. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:356–358. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
ADAM‐12 stability in first trimester maternal serum
Authors: Cowans N. J. , Stamatopoulou A. , Jaakohuhta S. , Spencer K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundMaternal serum A Disintergrin And Metaloprotease‐12 (ADAM‐12) has been proposed as a marker for prenatal screening of chromosomal abnormalities, pre‐eclampsia and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we examine the stability of ADAM‐12 with time and at different temperatures.MethodsMaternal serum and whole blood pools were stored at 30 °C, room temperature and refrigerator temperature or subjected to repeated freeze–thaw cycles. ADAM‐12 was measured at set time points using an automated DELFIA® research assay.ResultsUsing a 10% change in concentration as a limit of stability, ADAM‐12 is stable in serum for less than 15 h at 30 °C, less than 20 h at room temperature and for 51 h at refrigerator temperature. ADAM‐12 levels are not altered following three − 20 °C to room temperature freeze‐thaw cycles. The stability of ADAM‐12 in whole blood appears similar to that in serum.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that ADAM‐12 may be unstable under many routine laboratory conditions, and the marker's instability may also be partly responsible for the discrepancies in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular diversity of toxic components from the scorpion Heterometrus petersii venom revealed by proteomic and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Ma Yibao , Zhao Yong , Zhao Ruiming , Zhang Weiping , He Yawen , Wu Yingliang , Cao Zhijian , Guo Lin , Li Wenxin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractScorpion venoms contain a vast untapped reservoir of natural products, which have the potential for medicinal value in drug discovery. In this study, toxin components from the scorpion Heterometrus petersii venom were evaluated by transcriptome and proteome analysis. Ten known families of venom peptides and proteins were identified, which include: two families of potassium channel toxins, four families of antimicrobial and cytolytic peptides, and one family from each of the calcium channel toxins, La1‐like peptides, phospholipase A2, and the serine proteases. In addition, we also identified 12 atypical families, which include the acid phosphatases, diuretic peptides, and ten orphan families. From the data presented here, the extreme diversity and convergence of toxic components in scorpion venom was uncovered. Our work demonstrates the power of combining transcriptomic and proteomic approaches in the study of animal venoms.
Export of a hyperexpressed mammalian globular cytochrome b5 precursor in Escherichia coli is dramatically affected by the nature of the amino acid flanking the secretory signal sequence cleavage bond
Authors: Kaderbhai Naheed N. , Ahmed Khalil , Kaderbhai Mustak A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA chimeric mammalian globular cytochrome b5 fused to Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase signal sequence (SS) was used as a model probe to investigate the influence of substituting each one of the standard 20 amino acids at its N‐terminus on the Sec‐dependent export of the precursor to the periplasmic space of E. coli. Substituting the native Met+1 of the passenger protein flanking the SS with any one of the remaining 19 amino acids introduced significant changes in the export of cytochrome b5 without jamming the Sec‐dependent translocon. Acidic and hydrophilic residues proved to be the most efficient promoters of export. Small, nonbulky and basic residues yielded intermediate levels of the hemoprotein export. Replacement with a Cys+1 residue generated significant quantities of both monomeric and disulfide‐linked dimeric forms. However, bulky, aromatic and hydrophobic residues caused a significant decline in the rates of secretion. In expectation with their absences in the natural periplasmically secreted proteins, Pro and Ile‐tagged cytochrome b5 precursors failed to generate any detectable secreted recombinant products. Although Ala, amongst the native E. coli periplasmic proteins, is the preferred X+1 residue with an occurrence of 50% frequency, it proved half as effective in promoting export when inserted proximally to the SS of cytochrome b5. The mechanisms involved for these export variations are discussed. The findings will prove beneficial for high‐level generation of recombinant proteins by secretory means for pharmaceutical and related biotechnological applications.
Role of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1 in Interleukin‐6 regulation of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tassidis Helena , Culig Zoran , Wingren Anette Gjörloff , Härkönen Pirkko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in the modulation of growth and progression of prostate cancer. Decreased expression of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1, involved in regulation of cytokine and tyrosine kinase receptor signaling, has been shown to be associated with less favorable outcome among prostate cancer patients.METHODSParental LNCaP cells and an LNCaP‐IL6+ subline, derived from parental LNCaP cells by continuous culture of the cells in the presence of recombinant IL‐6 were used in the study. Expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, ERK, pERK, AKT, pAKT, PTEN, and SHP‐1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blots, cDNA microarray, quantitative PCRs, and reverse transcriptase PCRs. Proliferation and apoptosis of transfected cells were analyzed by caspase3/7 assay and flow cytometry.RESULTSPhosphorylation of ERK and STAT3 was increased in the LNCaP‐IL6+ subline compared with LNCaP cells, whereas pAKT was decreased. Overexpression and inhibition experiments with SHP‐1 siRNA showed that SHP‐1 reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in both cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed 80 up‐regulated and 87 down‐regulated SHP‐1‐related genes in the LNCaP‐IL6+ cell line compared with LNCaP cells.CONCLUSIONSSHP‐1 suppresses growth and increases apoptosis in both LNCaP and LNCaP‐IL6+ cells, which suggests that SHP‐1 could be a therapeutic target in prostate cancer, even when there is an IL‐6‐related growth advantage. Prostate 70: 1491–1500, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the limit of detection for quantal response bioassays
Authors: van den Heuvel Edwin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe most probable number and the Spearman–Kärber estimator for the estimation of a bacterial density in a suspension assume that the limit of detection of the quantal response bioassay is equal to one viable organism or cell. These traditional estimation methods can be used to confirm or reject a limit of detection of one for the validation of such bioassays, if the testing conditions are perfect, if the statistical assumptions are truly correct, and if an a priori precise estimate of the number of viable organisms contained in the suspension is given. Pearson's minimum chi‐square estimator and an approximate maximum likelihood estimator are proposed as generalizations to explicitly estimate the limit of detection, additional to the estimation of the bacterial density. A real case study for the validation of a rapid microbiological absence/presence test is presented to illustrate both the traditional and generalized estimation methods. Asymptotic results and simulation studies are used to evaluate the performance of the two general approaches. It is concluded that Pearson's minimum chi‐square estimator is preferred over the other estimation methods for these types of estimation problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social aspect of sustainable packaging
Authors: Nordin Norbisimi , Selke Susan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSustainability is one of the ‘buzz’ words that is highly discussed in the area of packaging nowadays. For many product manufacturing business, incorporation of sustainability principles into their business practice can only be visualized by others in the end product through packaging. Besides the criteria, underlying concepts and principles, most discussions towards achieving goals for sustainable packaging are focused on details of models and practices adopted by the industry, and the effectiveness and practicality of these practices in balancing the economic profits and environmental benefits. While the economic and environmental bases of packaging sustainability have been examined and discussed in great detail, the same is not true of social consideration. Although the success of sustainable packaging development actually relies on both technological development and social considerations, many of the social aspects of sustainable packaging are often overlooked. Although many companies have been putting the efforts and initiatives to elevate sustainability from an abstract goal into an immediate priority, relatively little is known about the consumers' insights of packaging sustainability. Recognizing the consumers as the final arbiter of the success of sustainable packaging, this paper will explore consumers' perceptions on the sustainable packaging concept, their perceptions of the impact to the environment and discuss factors that drive consumers' preferences and purchase decision. Discussion and information gathered in this paper is aimed to stimulate understanding on the importance of the social dimension of packaging sustainability and its role in supporting the efforts to improve sustainability practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the stable carbon isotopic compositions of 2‐methyltetrols in ambient aerosols from the Changbai Mountains
Authors: Li Li , Deng Shihuai , Wang Wu , Li Huaijian , Zhang Xiaohong , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo , Bi Xinhui , Sun Baiye 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIsoprene is one of the most important non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in the troposphere: it is a significant precursor of O3 and it affects the oxidative state of the atmosphere. The diastereoisomeric 2‐methyltetrols, 2‐methylthreitol and 2‐methylerythritol, are marker compounds of the photooxidation products of atmospheric isoprene. In order to obtain valuable information on the δ13C value of isoprene in the atmosphere, the stable carbon isotopic compositions of the 2‐methyltetrols in ambient aerosols were investigated. The 2‐methyltetrols were extracted from filter samples and derivatized with methylboronic acid, and the δ13C values of the methylboronate derivatives were determined by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The δ13C values of the 2‐methyltetrols were then calculated through a simple mass balance equation between the 2‐methyltetrols, methylboronic acid and the methylboronates. The δ13C values of the 2‐methyltetrols in aerosol samples collected at the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserves in eastern China were found to be −24.66 ± 0.90‰ and −24.53 ± 1.08‰ for 2‐methylerythritol and 2‐methylthreitol, respectively. Based on the measured isotopic composition of the 2‐methyltetrols, the average δ13C value of atmospheric isoprene is inferred to be close to or slightly heavier than −24.66‰ at the collection site during the sampling period. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and characterization of cysteinyl exposure in proteins by selective mercury labeling and nano‐electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Lu Meiling , Li Xing‐Fang , Le X. Chris , Weinfeld Michael , Wang Hailin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe a method for probing surface‐exposed cysteines in proteins by selective labeling with p‐hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB) combined with nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis (nanoESI‐MS). The rapid, stoichiometric, and specific labeling by PMB of surface‐exposed cysteines allows for characterization of the accessibility of the cysteines using a single MS analysis. Moreover, by taking advantage of the large mass shift of 321 Da, unique isotopic pattern, and enhanced MS signal of PMB‐labeled cysteine‐containing peptide fragments, the surface‐exposed cysteines in proteins can be accurately identified by peptide mapping. The number and sites of reactive cysteines on the surface of human and rat hemoglobins (hHb and rHb) were identified as examples. Collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis of specific peptides further confirmed the selective labeling of PMB in hHb. The subtle difference between the different cysteine residues in rHb was also evaluated by multiple PMB titrations. The difference between the two cysteines in their environment may partially explain their reaction specificity. Cysteine 125 in the β unit of rHb is exposed on the surface, explaining its reactivity with glutathione. Cysteine 13 in the α subunit of rHb is much less exposed, and is located in a hydrophobic pocket, a conclusion that is consistent with the previous observation of its selective binding with dimethylarsinous acid, a reactive arsenic metabolite. The method is potentially useful for probing cysteines in other biologically important proteins and for studying proteins that are associated with conformational or structural changes induced by denaturing processes, protein modifications, protein‐protein interactions and protein assemblies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.