bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis of the Deltoid Muscle in a Bodybuilder Using Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Case Report
Authors: Farkash Uri , Shabshin Nogah , Pritsch (Perry) Moshe 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective:Rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue) may be caused by mechanical, physical, chemical, or biological factors. We present the unique case of a bodybuilder who developed localized rhabdomyolysis of the deltoid muscle after injection of steroids into the shoulder region.Background:A 39-year-old amateur bodybuilder presented to the emergency department with excruciating pain and inability to move his right shoulder after injecting stanozolol, an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS), into his right deltoid muscle on the same day. On physical examination, the right deltoid muscle was swollen and tense and the surrounding skin red, tender, and warm. He had no fluctuation or systemic fever and no sensory or motor deficit. His distal pulsations were distinct. Laboratory test results suggested massive rhabdomyolysis. The major magnetic resonance imaging finding was diffuse hyperintensity signals on T2-weighted images of the deltoid muscle, which was consistent with edema.Differential Diagnosis:Polymyositis and dermatomyositis, mild injury, infectious myositis without phlegmon or abscess formation, radiation therapy, subacute denervation, compartment syndrome, early myositis ossificans, rhabdomyolysis, and sickle cell crisis.Treatment:The patient was treated with intravenous fluid replacement and sodium bicarbonate to alkalinize the urine. Four days after admission, his pain had decreased, he had regained range of motion, and his renal function remained unaffected.Uniqueness:Anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with various side effects that are generally systemic and dose related. We could not find reports of localized side effects of AAS use, as this case presented, elsewhere in the English-language literature.Conclusions:“Doping” among amateur athletes occurs frequently. It can cause acute and chronic health problems, most of which are systemic. This is the first description of localized rhabdomyolysis in the area of an AAS injection.
Sodium Replacement and Plasma Sodium Drop During Exercise in the Heat When Fluid Intake Matches Fluid Loss
Authors: Anastasiou Costas A. , Kavouras Stavros A. , Arnaoutis Giannis , Gioxari Aristea , Kollia Maria , Botoula Efthimia , Sidossis Labros S. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Sodium replacement during prolonged exercise in the heat may be critically important to maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and muscle contractility.

Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of sodium-containing sports drinks in preventing hyponatremia and muscle cramping during prolonged exercise in the heat.

Design:
Randomized crossover study.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirteen active men.

Intervention(s):
Participants completed 4 trials of an exercise protocol in the heat (30°C) consisting of 3 hours of exercise (alternating 30 minutes of walking and cycling at a heart rate of 130 and 140 beats per minute, respectively); a set of standing calf raises (8 sets of 30 repetitions); and 45 minutes of steep, brisk walking (5.5 kmṡh−1 on a 12% grade). During exercise, participants consumed fluids to match body mass loss. A different drink was consumed for each trial: carbohydrate-electrolyte drink containing 36.2 mmol/L sodium (HNa), carbohydrate-electrolyte drink containing 19.9 mmol/L sodium (LNa), mineral water (W), and colored and flavored distilled water (PL).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Serum sodium, plasma osmolality, plasma volume changes, and muscle cramping frequency.

Results:
During both HNa and LNa trials, serum sodium remained relatively constant (serum sodium concentration at the end of the protocol was 137.3 mmol/L and 136.7 mmol/L, respectively). However, a clear decrease was observed in W (134.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L) and PL (134.4 ± 0.8 mmol/L) trials compared with HNa and LNa trials (P &lt; .05). The same trends were observed for plasma osmolality (P &lt; .05). Albeit not significant, plasma volume was preserved during the HNa and LNa trials, but a reduction of 2.5% was observed in the W and PL trials. None of the volunteers experienced cramping.

Conclusions:
The data suggest that sodium intake during prolonged exercise in the heat plays a significant role in preventing sodium losses that may lead to hyponatremia when fluid intake matches sweat losses.
Ultrasound Techniques Applied to Body Fat Measurement in Male and Female Athletes
Authors: Pineau Jean-Claude , Filliard Jean Robert , Bocquet Michel 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
For athletes in disciplines with weight categories, it is important to assess body composition and weight fluctuations.

Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy of measuring body fat percentage with a portable ultrasound device possessing high accuracy and reliability versus fan-beam, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Design:
Cross-validation study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 93 athletes (24 women, 69 men), aged 23.5 ± 3.7 years, with body mass index  =  24.0 ± 4.2 and body fat percentage via DEXA  =  9.41 ± 8.1 participated. All participants were elite athletes selected from the Institut National des Sports et de l'Education Physique. These participants practiced a variety of weight-category sports.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We measured body fat and body fat percentage using an ultrasound technique associated with anthropometric values and the DEXA reference technique. Cross-validation between the ultrasound technique and DEXA was then performed.

Results:
Ultrasound estimates of body fat percentage were correlated closely with those of DEXA in both females (r  =  0.97, standard error of the estimate  =  1.79) and males (r  =  0.98, standard error of the estimate  =  0.96). The ultrasound technique in both sexes had a low total error (0.93). The 95% limit of agreement was −0.06 ± 1.2 for all athletes and did not show an overprediction or underprediction bias. We developed a new model to produce body fat estimates with ultrasound and anthropometric dimensions.

Conclusions:
The limits of agreement with the ultrasound technique compared with DEXA measurements were very good. Consequently, the use of a portable ultrasound device produced accurate body fat and body fat percentage estimates in relation to the fan-beam DEXA technique.
Rotator Cuff Tear Pain and Tear Size and Scapulohumeral Rhythm
Authors: Scibek Jason S. , Carpenter James E. , Hughes Richard E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:The body of knowledge concerning shoulder kinematics in patients with rotator cuff tears is increasing. However, the level of understanding regarding how pain and tear size affect these kinematic patterns is minimal.Objective:To identify relationships between pain associated with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear, tear size, and scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) and to determine whether pain and tear size serve as predictors of SHR.Design:A test-retest design was used to quantify pain and SHR before and after a subacromial lidocaine injection. Correlation and multivariate analyses were used to identify relationships among pain, tear size, and SHR.Setting:Orthopaedic biomechanics research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Fifteen patients (age range, 40–75 years) with diagnosed full-thickness rotator cuff tears participated. They were experiencing pain at the time of testing.Intervention(s):Shoulder kinematic data were collected with an electromagnetic tracking system before and after the patient received a lidocaine injection.Main Outcome Measure(s):Pain was rated using a visual analog scale. Three-dimensional scapular kinematics and glenohumeral elevation were assessed. Scapular kinematics included anterior-posterior tilt, medial-lateral tilt, and upward-downward rotation. A regression model was used to calculate SHR (scapular kinematics to glenohumeral elevation) for phases of humeral elevation and lowering.Results:Linear relationships were identified between initial pain scores and SHR and between tear size and SHR, representing an increased reliance on scapular motion with increasing pain and tear size. Pain was identified as an independent predictor of SHR, whereas significant findings for the effect of tear size on SHR and the interaction between pain and tear size were limited.Conclusions:We noted an increased reliance on scapular contributions to overall humeral elevation with increasing levels of pain and rotator cuff tear size. Pain associated with a rotator cuff tear serves as a primary contributor to the kinematic patterns exhibited in patients with rotator cuff tears.
Sagittal-Plane Trunk Position, Landing Forces, and Quadriceps Electromyographic Activity
Authors: Blackburn J. Troy , Padua Darin A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:Researchers have suggested that large landing forces, excessive quadriceps activity, and an erect posture during landing are risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The influence of knee kinematics on these risk factors has been investigated extensively, but trunk positioning has received little attention.Objective:To determine the effect of trunk flexion on landing forces and quadriceps activation during landing.Design:Two (sex) × 2 (task) repeated-measures design.Setting:Research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Forty healthy, physically active volunteers (20 men, 20 women).Intervention(s):Participants performed 2 drop-landing tasks. The first task represented the natural, or preferred, landing strategy. The second task was identical to the first except that participants flexed the trunk during landing.Main Outcome Measure(s):We measured peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces and mean quadriceps electromyographic amplitude during the loading phase of landing (ie, the interval from initial ground contact to peak knee flexion).Results:Trunk flexion decreased the vertical ground reaction force (P &lt; .001) and quadriceps electromyographic amplitude (P &lt; .001). The effect of trunk flexion did not differ across sex for landing forces or quadriceps electromyographic activity.Conclusions:We found that trunk flexion during landing reduced landing forces and quadriceps activity, thus potentially reducing the force imparted to the ACL. Research has indicated that trunk flexion during landing also increases knee and hip flexion, resulting in a less erect landing posture. In combination, these findings support emphasis on trunk flexion during landing as part of ACL injury-prevention programs.
Soccer-Specific Fatigue and Eccentric Hamstrings Muscle Strength
Authors: Greig Matt , Siegler Jason C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Epidemiologic findings of higher incidences of hamstrings muscle strains during the latter stages of soccer match play have been attributed to fatigue.

Objective:
To investigate the influence of soccer-specific fatigue on the peak eccentric torque of the knee flexor muscles.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Controlled laboratory environment.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ten male professional soccer players (age  =  24.7 ± 4.4 years, mass  =  77.1 ± 8.3 kg, V˙o2max  =  63.0 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1).

Intervention(s):
Participants completed an intermittent treadmill protocol replicating the activity profile of soccer match play, with a passive halftime interval. Before exercise and at 15-minute intervals, each player completed isokinetic dynamometer trials.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Peak eccentric knee flexor torque was quantified at isokinetic speeds of 180° · s−1, 300° · s−1, and 60° · s−1, with 5 repetitions at each speed.

Results:
Peak eccentric knee flexor torque at the end of the game (T300eccH105  =  127 ± 25 Nm) and at the end of the passive halftime interval (T300eccH60  =  133 ± 32 Nm) was reduced relative to T300eccH00 (167 ± 35 Nm, P &lt; .01) and T300eccH15 (161 ± 35 Nm, P  =  .02).

Conclusions:
Eccentric hamstrings strength decreased as a function of time and after the halftime interval. This finding indicates a greater risk of injuries at these specific times, especially for explosive movements, in accordance with epidemiologic observations. Incorporating eccentric knee flexor exercises into resistance training sessions that follow soccer-specific conditioning is warranted to try to reduce the incidence or recurrence of hamstrings strains.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) Scale
Authors: Glazer Douglas D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:Only a few scales measure confidence within sport; however, these scales are insufficient to measure confidence after athletic injuries. Therefore, better measures are needed to determine the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sport participation.Objective:To develop a scale that measures the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sport participation and to provide preliminary evidence of reliability and validity for the scale.Design:The Delphi method was used to develop the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale (I-PRRS). Two 1-way analyses of variance with repeated measures and 6 Pearson product moment correlations were computed to help validate the scale.Setting:Athletic training clinics at 3 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools.Patients or Other Participants:Four certified athletic trainers (ATs) and professors of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited athletic training programs and 3 NCAA Division III coaches made up a panel of experts that participated in the Delphi portion of the study to develop the I-PRRS. In the second part of the study, 22 injured athletes, who missed a minimum of 1 week of practice, from 3 NCAA schools in Divisions II and III were surveyed along with their respective ATs. The injured athletes and ATs participated in the validation of the I-PRRS.Main Outcome Measure(s):The injured athlete completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) short form and the I-PRRS shortly after injury, before returning to the first practice, before returning to competition, and immediately after competition. The respective AT completed the I-PRRS before and after competition. The I-PRRS is a 6-item scale that measures the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sport, and the POMS short form is a 30-item scale that measures mood states. I added the negative moods of the POMS and subtracted the positive moods of the POMS to calculate a Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score.Results:The I-PRRS scores were negatively correlated with the TMD scores of the POMS short form at all 4 time intervals, showing concurrent validity. The I-PRRS scores were lowest after injury, increased before practice, increased again before competition, and had no change after competition. The I-PRRS as completed by the athlete and respective AT was positively correlated both before and after practice, demonstrating external validity.Conclusions:Preliminary evidence for reliability and validity of the I-PRRS was demonstrated. The I-PRRS can be a beneficial tool for ATs to assess an athlete's psychological readiness to return to sport participation after injury.
An Assessment of Burnout in Undergraduate Athletic Training Education Program Directors
Authors: Walter Jessica M. , Van Lunen Bonnie L. , Walker Stacy E. , Ismaeli Zahra C. , Oñate James A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:Athletic training education program directors (ATEPDs) often manage their time among students, program administration, and patient care.Objective:To assess the level of burnout in ATEPDs and to determine the relationship between burnout and various demographics of ATEPDs.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Public and private colleges and universities nationwide.Patients or Other Participants:Two hundred forty-nine ATEPDs of undergraduate athletic training education programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education.Intervention(s):We administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to all participants.Main Outcome Measure(s):The MBI consisted of 21 items assessing 3 characteristics of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Another component of the survey requested demographic information about the ATEPDs. We used univariate, multivariate, and factorial analyses of variance with the α level set a priori at .05. We also calculated Pearson product moment correlation coefficients.Results:Women had greater emotional exhaustion than men (20.67 ± 9.43 and 16.47 ± 9.64, respectively) (P  =  .001). The difference between tenure-status groups for emotional exhaustion was significant (P  =  .014), with tenure-track ATEPDs scoring higher on emotional exhaustion than tenured ATEPDs. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients revealed a weak negative relationship among emotional exhaustion and age (r  =  −0.263, P &lt; .001), years of program director experience (r  =  −0.157, P  =  .013), and years at current job (r  =  −0.162, P  =  .010), indicating that as ATEPDs aged, gained more experience, and stayed in their current jobs, their emotional exhaustion scores decreased. There was also a weak negative relationship between age and depersonalization (r  =  −0.171, P  =  .007). There was a weak positive relationship between years at current job and personal accomplishment (r  =  0.197, P  =  .002).Conclusions:We found that ATEPDs experienced a moderate form of emotional exhaustion burnout and low depersonalization and personal accomplishment burnout, with women experiencing greater emotional exhaustion than males. Additionally, ATEPDs in tenure-track positions experienced greater emotional exhaustion than tenured ATEPDs. The ATEPDs need to obtain healthy coping strategies early within their directorships to manage components related to burnout.
Ice Hockey Injuries in a Japanese Elite Team: A 3-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Kuzuhara Kenji , Shimamoto Hideki , Mase Yasuyoshi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
As the Asian Ice Hockey League gradually expands and becomes more competitive, ice hockey-related injuries may increase. However, no reports have been published on ice hockey injuries in Japan, including the method of injury and the daily supervision of the players during the regular season.

Objective:
To prospectively study the incidence, types, and mechanisms of ice hockey injuries in an elite Japanese ice hockey team.

Design:
Prospective observational cohort study design.

Setting:
An elite ice hockey team, Tokyo, Japan.

Patients or Other Participants:
Ninety-four players during the 2002–2005 seasons.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Data were collected for 3 consecutive seasons using an injury reporting form.

Results:
The overall game injury rate was 74.3 per 1000 player-game hours and 11.7 per 1000 player-game hours for injuries resulting in any time loss. The overall practice injury rates were 11.2 per 1000 player-practice hours and 1.1 per 1000 player-practice hours for injuries resulting in any time loss. Forwards had the highest rate of injury, followed by defensemen and then goalkeepers. Contusions were the most common injury, followed by strains, lacerations, and sprains.

Conclusions:
Most injuries among Japanese ice hockey players occurred during games. Game or play intensity may influence the injury rate during games.
Does Creatine Supplementation Hinder Exercise Heat Tolerance or Hydration Status? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses
Authors: Lopez Rebecca M. , Casa Douglas J. , McDermott Brendon P. , Ganio Matthew S. , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Maresh Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Objective:
To critically assess original research addressing the effect of creatine supplementation on exercise heat tolerance and hydration status.

Data Sources:
We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Rehabilitation & Physical Medicine, without date limitations, for the following key words: creatine, exercise, thermoregulation, dehydration, hyperthermia, heat tolerance, exertional heat illnesses, and renal function. Our goal was to identify randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of creatine supplementation on hydration status and thermoregulation. Citations from related articles also were identified and retrieved.

Data Synthesis:
Original research was reviewed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. One author initially screened all articles. Fifteen of 95 articles examined the effects of creatine on thermoregulation or hydration status (or both). Two independent reviewers then reviewed these articles. Ten studies were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The PEDro scores for the 10 studies ranged from 7 to 10 points (maximum possible score  =  10 points).

Conclusions:
No evidence supports the concept that creatine supplementation either hinders the body's ability to dissipate heat or negatively affects the athlete's body fluid balance. Controlled experimental trials of athletes exercising in the heat resulted in no adverse effects from creatine supplementation at recommended dosages.
Glenohumeral Rotation and Scapular Position Adaptations After a Single High School Female Sports Season
Authors: Thomas Stephen John , Swanik Kathleen A. , Swanik Charles , Huxel Kellie C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:Anterior instability and impingement are common in overhead athletes and have been associated with decreases in internal rotation (IR) and increases in external rotation (ER) motion. However, the chronology and the effect of different female sports on these conditions have yet to be determined.Objective:To measure glenohumeral IR and ER rotation, total range of motion, and scapular position in female overhead athletes over a single competitive season.Design:Multiple group pretest-posttest study.Setting:High school.Patients or Other Participants:Thirty-six female overhead athletes (age  =  15.29 ± 1.18 years, height  =  164.16 ± 7.14 cm, mass  =  58.24 ± 9.54 kg) with no history of shoulder or elbow surgery participating in high school swimming, volleyball, or tennis.Intervention(s):Participants were measured for all dependent variables at preseason and postseason.Main Outcome Measure(s):Participants were measured for glenohumeral IR and ER with the scapula stabilized. Total glenohumeral range of motion was calculated as the sum of IR and ER. Scapular upward rotation was measured at 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of glenohumeral abduction in the scapular plane, and scapular protraction was measured at 0°, 45° (hands on hips), and 90° of glenohumeral abduction.Results:Internal rotation decreased from preseason to postseason (P  =  .012). Swimmers had less IR than both volleyball and tennis players (P  =  .001). External rotation also decreased in the swimmers (P  =  .001). Overall, preseason to postseason total motion decreased for athletes participating in swimming (P  =  .001) and tennis (P  =  .019). For all participants, preseason to postseason scapular protraction at 45° glenohumeral abduction decreased (P  =  .007).Conclusions:Female overhead athletes demonstrated decreases in IR after only one competitive season. Clinically, our results indicate that overhead athletes should be monitored for motion changes throughout their competitive seasons.