bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
He‐said–she‐said: Contrast effects in credibility assessments and possible threats to fundamental principles of criminal law
Authors: Connolly Deborah A. , Gordon Heidi M. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose. Some criminal trials turn on evaluations of credibility of the complainant and the accused. When credibility is based on how a witness testifies, an evaluation of one party should not influence an evaluation of the other party. If credibility evaluations are bidirectional, fundamental principles of criminal law may be offended.Methods. Six hundred and thirty seven undergraduates read a vignette that described a sexual assault (SA) or a motor vehicle accident (MVA). Karen, the complainant in the SA case and bystander witness in the MVA case, was described as 5, 13, or 20 years old. The vignette was a summary of the police investigation and, in three conditions, the trial. Trial information was manipulated in one of three ways: no information concerning how Karen testified, Karen's testimony was described positively (pro‐prosecution), or described negatively (anti‐prosecution). Participants then rated the perceived credibility of Karen and the accused (Bob) and the probability that Bob was guilty.Results. Karen was viewed more positively in the pro‐prosecution condition and more negatively in the anti‐prosecution. When Karen was judged to be less credible, Bob was rated as more credible and less likely to be guilty. When Karen was seen as more credible, Bob was viewed as more likely to be guilty.Conclusions. This bidirectional effect that the manner in which the prosecution witness testified affected perceptions of the accused and probability of guilt, in certain circumstances, may compromise fundamental principles of criminal law and be a reversible error. We offer possible solutions for future empirical testing.
Ruthenium release from fuel in accident conditions
Authors: Brillant Guillaume , Marchetto C. , Plumecocq W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
During a hypothetical nuclear power plant accident, fission products may be released from the fuel matrix and then reach the containment building and the environment. Ruthenium is a very hazardous fission product that can be highly and rapidly released in some accident scenarios. The impact of the atmosphere redox properties, temperature, and fuel burn-up on the ruthenium release is discussed. In order to improve the evaluation of the radiological impact by accident codes, a model of the ruthenium release from fuel is proposed using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. In addition, a model of fuel oxidation under air is described. Finally, these models have been integrated in the ASTEC accident code and validation calculations have been performed on several experimental tests.
First-Principles Calculation of Electronic Excitations in Solids with SPEX
Authors: Schindlmayr Arno , Friedrich Christoph , Sasioglu Ersoy , Blügel Stefan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We describe the software package SPEX, which allows first-principles calculations of quasiparticle and collective electronic excitations in solids using techniques from many-body perturbation theory. The implementation is based on the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method, which treats core and valence electrons on an equal footing and can be applied to a wide range of materials, including transition metals and rare earths. After a discussion of essential features that contribute to the high numerical efficiency of the code, we present illustrative results for quasiparticle band structures calculated within the GW approximation for the electronic self-energy, electron-energy-loss spectra with inter- and intraband transitions as well as local-field effects, and spin-wave spectra of itinerant ferromagnets. In all cases the inclusion of many-body correlation terms leads to very good quantitative agreement with experimental spectroscopies.
Adaptive Methods in Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Flad Heinz-Jürgen , Rohwedder Thorsten , Schneider Reinhold 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In this article, we summarize the results of our numerical analysis for various adaptive schemes in electronic structure calculations. Starting from a general form of iterative schemes used in quantum chemistry, we discuss miscellaneous features which are of importance when passing to an adaptive version of an algorithm in order to provide rigorous estimates. The key features are maintainance of convergence under small perturbations while keeping control of the computational complexity.As a prototype for correlation methods, we consider the configuration interaction (CI) method and discuss a quasi-optimal algorithm for computation of the ground state energy. Our analysis of the coupled cluster method shows that various properties of the CI method can be transferred hereunto as well. First numerical examples demonstrate the potential of the coupled cluster residual, measured in a norm on the dual space, as an error estimator. These studies are supplemented by our result for the best N-term approximation of electron-pair correlations by wavelets.For Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham methods, we discuss our results of the convergence analysis for a direct minimization scheme, the best N-term approximation of orbitals and s
*-compressibility of the Fock operator which altogether may serve as a basis for an adaptive version of these methods.
Sex Differences in Destructive Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shiau Harlan J. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Sexual dimorphisms exist in the prevalence and severity of many human conditions and diseases. Models of risk assessment for periodontitis, however, are inconsistent with respect to the inclusion of sex as a risk factor. A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analyses estimates sex‐related differences in the prevalence of periodontitis.Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases were searched for population surveys (sample size >500, half‐mouth minimum, clinical attachment level) containing prevalence data on destructive periodontal disease in males and females.Results: Data were stratified by disease thresholds (3, 4, 5, and 7 mm) representing 50,604 subjects from 12 population surveys meeting selection criteria. Using a ≥5‐mm clinical attachment loss threshold, seven studies provided data, permitting computation of mean‐weighted sex differences in prevalence. Four studies provided data enabling a meta‐analysis of prevalence rates. Sex exhibited a significant association with prevalence, reflecting a 9% difference between males and females (37.4% versus 28.1%, respectively), although the overall effect of sex in the meta‐analysis was comparatively small (d = 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 and 0.22). This mean difference in prevalence between males and females was similar regardless of severity of disease threshold and after adjustment for other risk factors.Conclusions: Men appear at greater risk for destructive periodontal disease than women; however, men do not appear at higher risk for more rapid periodontal destruction than women.
Evaluation of Single‐Tooth Implants in the Second Molar Region: A 5‐Year Life‐Table Analysis of a Retrospective Study
Authors: Koo Ki‐Tae , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Park Jang‐Yeol , Kim Tae‐Il , Seol Yang‐Jo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Chung Chong‐Pyoung , Lee Yong‐Moo 
Published: May 2010

Background: To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the success or survival rate of single‐tooth implants that replaced missing maxillary and mandibular second molars. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the 1‐ to 5‐year cumulative survival rate (CSR) for single‐tooth implants placed in the second molar region and the effects of associated factors.Methods: Four hundred eighty‐nine patients (298 males and 191 females; age range: 23 to 91 years; mean age: 47 years) who were admitted to the Seoul National University Dental Hospital between March 2003 and July 2008 and treated with single‐tooth implants in the second molar region (227 maxillary implants and 294 mandibular implants; total: 521 implants) were included in the study. Thirty‐two subjects received two implants each. A 1‐ to 5‐year CSR was calculated using a life‐table analysis. A comparison of CSRs between maxillary versus mandibular implants, one‐stage versus two‐stage implants, short (≤8.5 mm) versus long (>10 mm) implants, and standard‐diameter (≤4.0 mm) versus wide‐diameter (≥5.0 mm) implants was performed using Wilcoxon (Gehan) statistics. P <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Fifteen of the 521 implants were lost between insertion and the follow‐up examinations. The 1‐ to 5‐year CSR was 95.1%. There were no statistically significant differences in CSRs between implants placed in maxillas and mandibles (96.3% versus 94.9%, respectively; P = 0.084), one‐ and two‐stage implants (95.6% versus 94.7%, respectively; P = 0.267), short and long implants (100% versus 95.1%, respectively; P = 0.582), and standard‐ and wide‐diameter implants (93.8% versus 96.8%, respectively; P = 0.065).Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, the placement of single‐tooth implants in the second molar region was an effective and reliable treatment modality. Also, associated factors such as implant diameter, length, and location (the maxilla versus the mandible) may not have an impact on the long‐term success of implants.
Road Rage: Relationships with Borderline Personality and Driving Citations
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Lam Charlene , Wiederman Michael W. 
Published: May 2010

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the prevalence of self-reported road rage in a primary care sample; (2) the relationship, if any, between road rage and borderline personality disorder (BPD); and (3) whether those with road rage have a greater prevalence of different types of driving citations compared to those without road rage. Method: Using a consecutive, cross-sectional sample of primary care outpatients, we surveyed 419 individuals. Results: The prevalence of self-reported road rage in this sample was 35.3%. BPD was significantly more prevalent among participants with road rage (24.8% vs. 9.8%). Compared to those without road rage, those with road rage reported statistically significantly higher numbers of different types of driving citations, including moving and non-moving violations, as well as having had a driver's license suspended. There were no differences between the groups with regard to vehicular crashes or driving while intoxicated. Conclusions: About one-third of individuals reported road rage. The prevalence of BPD was significantly higher among those with road rage compared to those without road rage, and is likely to be one of the contributory variables to reckless driving. Individuals who reported road rage appear to be less disciplined drivers and are subject to more types of driving citations, although they do not report greater rates of vehicular crashes or driving while intoxicated.
Anxiety Disorders in Chinese Patients with Parkinson'S Disease
Authors: Chen Yang-Kun , Lu Jin-Yan , Chan D. M. L. , Mok Vincent C. T. , Wong Ka Sing , Ungvari Gabor S. , Tang Wai Kwong , Yeung M. Au 
Published: May 2010

Objective: Anxiety disorders (ANDI) commonly occur in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) but their socio-demographic and clinical correlates have not yet been unequivocally determined. This study aimed to assess the frequency of ANDI and their correlates in Chinese PD patients. Methods: A cohort of 133 patients of PD were recruited from three neurology outpatient clinics. Participants' neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric status was assessed using standardized rating instruments. ANDI were diagnosed by qualified psychiatrists using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–4th Edition (SCID-DSM IV). Results: Thirty-six patients (27.1%) were diagnosed with some types of ANDI; Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Agoraphobia, and Social Phobia were the commonest subtypes of ANDI in PD ( n = 11, 8.3%, in each of the three subtypes). Nine patients had more than one subtype of ANDI. In multivariate logistic regression, younger age of onset of PD [odds ratio (OR) =2.654, 95% confident intervals (CI) = 1.120–6.289, p = 0.027), Geriatric Depression Scale score (OR = 1.179, 95% CI = 1.056–1.316, p = 0.003) and muscle cramps (≥ 1/week) (OR = 2.605, 95% CI = 1.098–6.184, p = 0.030) were independent correlates of ANDI. Conclusions: ANDI are common in Chinese PD patients. Younger age of onset of PD, severity of depressive symptoms, and muscle cramps may be independent correlates of ANDI suggesting that anxiety in PD has multifactorial origin.
Education and Risk for Late Life Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Published Literature
Authors: Chang-Quan Huang , Zheng-Rong Wang , Yong-Hong Li , Yi-Zhou Xie , Qing-Xiu Liu 
Published: May 2010

Objective: Less education is commonly viewed as an important risk factor for late life depression. However, this has still not been confirmed. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between education and risk for depression among the old. Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library database were used to identify potential studies. The studies were divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets. The qualitative meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies and that of longitudinal studies were preformed, respectively. For prevalence and incidence rates of depression, odds risk (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated, respectively. Results: Twenty-four cross-sectional and 12 prospective longitudinal studies were included in this review. In this meta-analysis, in the more and less education groups, there were 22,964 and 28,024 subjects and 3032 and 6462 cases of depression, respectively. The qualitative meta-analysis showed that, compared with old people with more education, those with less education had higher risk for depression (odds risk (OR): 1.58, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.38–1.82; Relative risk (RR): 1.49, 95% CI: 1.16–1.91). Conclusions: Despite the methodological limitations of this meta-analysis, less education is associated with increase risk of late life depression.
High-Powered Careers and Marriage: Can Women Have It All?
Authors: Dessy Sylvain , Djebbari Habiba 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Why do women often choose family over career? Can't they, like men, have both? At work, women are still under-represented in high-powered professions in most societies. At home, women tend to devote more time to their families than their spouses do. What explains these imbalances? Our model builds upon the fact that women's fertility, unlike men's, declines sharply past age 35. As a result, women may prefer marrying early in order to secure a match rather than investing in their careers while delaying and potentially missing out on marriage. Women's failure to coordinate towards delaying marriage may explain the imbalances within the family and in the labor market.
The Role of Television in Household Debt: Evidence from the 1950's
Authors: Baker Matthew J. , George Lisa M 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We examine whether advertising increases household debt by studying the initial expansion of television in the 1950's. Exploiting the idiosyncratic spread of television across markets, we use micro data from the Survey of Consumer Finances to test whether households with early access to television saw steeper debt increases than households with delayed access. Results indicate that exposure to television advertising increases the tendency to borrow for household goods and the tendency to carry debt. Television access is associated with higher debt levels for durable goods, but not with the total amount of non-mortgage debt. We provide suggestive evidence that increased labor supply may drive our results. The role of media in household debt may be greater than suggested by existing research.
Development of microsatellite loci for Pinus koraiensis (Pinaceae)
Authors: Li Yong , Liang Lu , Ge Xue‐Jun 
Published: May 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Pinus koraiensis to characterize its genetic diversity and understand its population structure.• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining (FIASCO) Repeats protocol, 20 primer sets were developed in Chinese populations of P. koraiensis. Three of the markers showed polymorphism with two alleles per locus when assessed in a sample of two populations of P. koraiensis from the Changbai Mountain in the Jilin Province of China. Five and three loci were successfully amplified in P. taiwanensis and P. massoniana, respectively. The amplification size of these loci matches those in P. koraiensis.• Conclusions: These markers may be useful for further investigation of population genetics of P. koraiensis.
Insécurité foncière et croissance économique au Brésil
Authors: Araujo Claudio , Araujo Bonjean Catherine , Combes Jean-Louis , Combes-Motel Pascale 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Dans cet article, nous examinons les conséquences de l’insécurité foncière sur la croissance économique au Brésil à partir d’un modèle dynamique d’une économie comportant un secteur agricole et un secteur manufacturier. La terre est à la fois un facteur de production fixe et spécifique au secteur agricole et un support d’épargne alternatif au capital employé dans le secteur manufacturier. L’arbitrage entre la détention de capital ou de terre dépend de coûts de transaction spécifiques à l’actif foncier, qui résultent de l’insécurité foncière. L’insécurité foncière entraîne une baisse du prix de la terre et une modification de la composition de l’épargne favorable au capital. Le modèle permet donc d’établir deux restrictions : un effet négatif de l’insécurité foncière sur le prix de la terre et un effet positif sur la croissance. Ces deux restrictions sont testées sur des données de panel pour les 27 états de la fédération brésilienne. L’insécurité foncière est approchée par le nombre de squatters. Les résultats économétriques n’invalident pas le modèle. Classification JEL : O41, Q15, O54
Au-delà de la controverse prêts ou dons : comment utiliser la dette pour le développement ?
Authors: Cohen Daniel , Jacquet Pierre , Reisen Helmut 
Published: May 2010

Résumé	Cet article se penche sur la controverse prêts ou dons. Il remet en question l’affirmation parfois énoncée que les institutions du développement devraient s’abstenir d’octroyer des prêts et distribuer plutôt l’APD sous forme de dons directs seulement. Il discute des diverses raisons pour lesquelles les pays en développement n’ont pas un plein accès aux marchés internationaux de capitaux au-delà des problèmes traditionnellement invoqués de mauvaises institutions et au-delà des facteurs relevant de leur propre responsabilité. Il existe des défaillances de marchés qui justifient l’APD, et il n’y a pas a priori de supériorité globale des dons comparés aux prêts. Au contraire, nous pensons que les prêts constituent une meilleure solution, à condition qu’ils soient centrés sur le problème clé du maintien de la soutenabilité de la dette. Finalement, et au-delà de la controverse prêts ou dons, l’article se propose de revisiter le paradigme traditionnel de l’APD.
Cibler les politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté dans les pays en développement ? Un bilan des expériences
Authors: Pasquier-Doumer Laure , Lavallée Emmanuelle , Olivier Anne , Robilliard Anne-Sophie 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Dans un contexte de ressources budgétaires limitées et suite au constat que la croissance et l’aide publique au développement ne bénéficiaient pas forcément aux pauvres, la communauté internationale a eu recours à des outils spécifiques permettant d’atteindre en priorité les pauvres. Le ciblage des politiques de lutte contre la pauvreté est l’un de ces outils. Cet article vise à dresser un bilan des expériences de ciblage menées dans les pays en développement. Il cherche pour cela à dégager les facteurs de réussite ou d’échec de ces expériences et fait le point sur les questions qui font toujours débat. Classification JEL : I38, O12, H23
La qualité des institutions influence-t-elle la performance économique ? Le cas des télécommunications dans les pays en voie de développement
Authors: Belaïd Rabah , Gasmi Farid , Recuero Virto Laura 
Published: May 2010

Résumé De nombreuses études récentes ont montré que la qualité des institutions d’un pays est un facteur explicatif important de son développement économique. Des études empiriques ont mis en évidence une relation positive entre la qualité des institutions et la performance des politiques de réforme engagées dans certains secteurs clés des économies des pays en voie de développement. Le présent article se propose d’explorer cette relation pour le cas des télécommunications, un secteur parmi les industries d’infrastructure qui a connu de par le monde les changements structurels les plus profonds. Plus précisément, nous nous interrogeons sur la robustesse de cette relation aux différences de revenus qui existent au sein même des pays en voie de développement. Nous spécifions un modèle économétrique pour une base de données, couvrant la période 1985-1999, sur un échantillon de 32 pays en voie de développement que nous décomposons en deux panels selon le PIB par tête. Cette décomposition est effectuée dans le but de tester l’existence d’un seuil de revenu au-dessous duquel, une fois pris en compte l’effet des variables de réforme, notamment la libéralisation des marchés et la privatisation de l’opérateur historique, la qualité des institutions ne joue qu’un rôle marginal. Les résultats montrent qu’au contraire, l’impact de la qualité des institutions sur les performances de l’industrie est davantage perceptible dans les pays à faible PIB par tête. Ainsi, au sein même des pays en voie de développement, l’effet marginal d’un investissement consenti pour l’amélioration de la qualité des institutions est plus élevé dans les pays à plus faibles revenus. Ce résultat est en accord avec la tendance récente des bailleurs de fonds internationaux à soutenir des politiques d’aide économique de long terme privilégiant le renforcement des institutions dans les pays les moins développés. Classification JEL : L51, H11, L96, L97, C23
La Vale dans le nouveau contexte d'internatonalisation des entreprises brésiliennes
Authors: Dalla Costa Armando 
Published: May 2010

Résumé	Depuis le début des années 2000, certaines entreprises brésiliennes ont réussi à s’implanter sur les principaux marchés internationaux. L’internationalisation de ces entreprises a commencé par le biais de l’exportation de richesses naturelles, abondantes dans le pays, comme c’est le cas des minerais de fer pour la Vale. Puis les exportations ont été suivies de la création de filiales commerciales, d’usines de production et, depuis peu, par l’acquisition d’entreprises concurrentes dans le secteur. Pour la Vale, l’achat de l’INCO, le plus grand producteur mondial de zinc, pour 18 milliards de dollars US, a été un moment clé du processus d’extension de sa présence à l’étranger. Cet article part du cas de la Vale pour proposer une réflexion sur l’évolution qu’ont connue les grandes entreprises brésiliennes dans le nouveau contexte d’internationalisation. Cette dernière est passée par plusieurs transformations ces dernières années : la privatisation, la diversification des activités, l’achat de concurrents et la poursuite de l’internationalisation.