bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIP Congressional Fellowship
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Applications are now being accepted for the American Institute of Physics' Congressional Science Fellowship Program for 1990–1991. The fellow will serve as a special legislative assistant on either a congressional committee or on the staff of a member of Congress. The Congressional Science Fellowship Program was organized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science and includes 15 sponsoring societies.Qualifications for the AlP‐sponsored, 1‐year fellowship are a demonstrated Ph.D.‐level competence in physics or a related field, membership in an AIP member society, U.S. citizenship or permanent U.S. resident status, and an interest in applying scientific knowledge within the legislative process.
U.S. to sponsor U.N. in space year
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The United Nations will participate in the 1992 International Space Year's mission to planet Earth through a program sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Geological Survey. The U.N. General Assembly endorsed ISY in December 1989 and decided to focus its activities on education and training programs for developing nations.Through the program, U.S. environmental satellite information will be transferred to U.N. agencies and training will be offered to U.N. member nations on how to use the information for environmental protection and resource management. Program objectives include locating pollution sources and evaluating coastal erosion, deforestation, changes in agricultural productivity, and urban growth.
1990 AGU Medalists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

AGU takes great pride in announcing the recipients of the 1990 AGU Medals, the highest honors presented by the Union. These outstanding scientists have been chosen by a select committee of their peers for their significant contributions in one or more aspects of geophysics.The William Bowie Medal for outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research is awarded to Eugene N. Parker of the Astrophysics Laboratory of the University of Chicago.
NSF plans for 1991 eclipse
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation plans to support observations related to the total eclipse of the Sun in July 1991. The proposal deadline for logistics or science support is March 30, 1990.We are considering establishing a base camp in Baja, California. Costs of transportation for team members and their equipment from their home institution and logistics support at the camp (food, shelter, power, etc.) would be provided. Arrangements for import‐export of equipment to and from the United States‐Mexico would be handled by a contractor supported by NSF.
Professional certification and registration: What you need to know
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A definite and accelerating move towards certification and registration seems to be taking place among the hydrologic, water resources, environmental, and related disciplines. Just a few examples about recent actions in this direction may be in order.In April 1989, the Association of State Boards of Geology was formed. Representatives from Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia met to discuss the issues of reciprocity and written examinations. In New Hampshire the state legislature recommended the Board of Natural Scientists be restructured to handle licensing or certification of geologists as well as soil scientists.
Hydrogeology and history of Washington, D.C.
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

For Washington, D.C., inhabitants or anyone planning a trip to the area, interesting information on the hydrology, geology, and natural and cultural history is available.To provide geographic and historical background for field trips in the area, a book was published for the 28th International Geological Congress, held in Washington in July 1989. Geology, Hydrology, and History of the Washington, D.C. Area, edited by John E. Moore of the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va., and Julia A. Jackson of the American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Va., describes such interesting items as the Washington Canal, which ran from the Potomac River to the Capitol and is now Constitution Avenue, and the Cabin John Aqueduct, where a 297‐foot granite arch was the longest masonry arch in the world for 40 years. The aqueduct has carried water to Washington since 1863. The 114‐page book contains many historic photographs and maps and can be purchased from the American Geological Institute, 4220 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22302‐1507, tel. 703‐379‐2480.
U.S. JGOFS 1990 research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, moving toward a fully operational phase in the 1990s, announces an opportunity to participate in global ocean flux research. Other announcements were reported in Eos, October 3 (p. 885), and November 28 (p. 1515), 1989, and a fourth, for research in the central equatorial Pacific, will be made soon.U.S. JGOFS is a component of the U.S. Global Change Research Program and is the U.S. component of JGOFS as sponsored by the Scientific Committee for Ocean Research. It is a Core Project of the International Geosphere Biosphere Program.
Stanley Shawhan remembered
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Stanley Shawhan, former head of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, recently passed away. The following is a memorial given at his funeral service by S. M. Krimigis in Washington, D.C., on June 27:I'm honored to have this opportunity to speak as one of many of Stan's friends, also as a representative of NASA's Space Science and Applications Advisory Committee, whose chairman, Dr. Berrien Moore is out of the country and could not be here with us today.
Ocean Science Educator Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Office of Naval Research announces a program to identify and support academic ocean scientists (“Educators”) who have a distinguished record of educating high‐quality doctoral and/or postdoctoral students and who will, under this program, draw postdoctoral scientists from other disciplines into the ocean sciences. Named “Educators” must be U.S. citizens with research and training experience in the ocean sciences and must have a current research and teaching position at a U.S. institution that confers doctoral degrees in ocean sciences.Participation is sought from U.S. institutions that confer doctoral degrees in one or more areas of ocean sciences; show a viable plan to identify, attract, and train, in the ocean sciences, U.S. citizen post‐docs (Fellows) from other disciplines; and can show institutional commitment to ocean science education at the doctoral level. Three awards will be made via grants to institutions for a period of 3 years at $75,000 per year (at least $65,000 of these funds are intended for direct support of Fellows).
Rise and fall of paleomagnetic research at Carnegie's DTM
Authors: LeGrand H. E. 
Published: October 2011

The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C., was established in 1904 to solve two puzzles: the origins of the geomagnetic and the geoelectric fields. For the first, the DTM gathered data on secular variation, magnetic “storms,” and similar phenomena. By the 1930s the program had produced masses of observations but no solutions.Under the leadership of E. A. Johnson and A. G. McNish, DTM in the late 1930s took up a new and promising approach—the use of paleomagnetic results to resolve two major disputes. One centered on the origin of the geomagnetic field; the other, on the possibility of continental drift. By the 1940s DTM had become the preeminent center for research in paleomagnetism. By the late 1950s that research had virtually ceased at DTM. Elsewhere, such a program in the hands of others was by then achieving considerable success.
Papike appointed Director of IOM
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

James Papike was appointed director of the Institute of Meteoritics in the Department of Geology and Presidential Professor at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, on July 1, 1990. Papike succeeded Klaus Keil, who moved to the University of Hawaii to direct the Planetary Geoscience Division at the Hawaii Institute of Geosciences.The newly constituted IOM will emphasize planetary volcanic processes through the study of achondritic meteorites, the Moon, and Earth, and the origin of primitive solar system materials and planetary formation through the study of chondritic meteorites.
Rocky relationship
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The core of the Earth is a little younger than previously thought, according to two University of Michigan geochemists. Studying the composition of rocks and meteorites, the pair believe they have found direct evidence that Earth's metallic core and its moon formed no less than 62 million years after the creation of the solar system. Previous estimates had placed core formation anywhere from 15–50 million years after the solar system got started.Der‐Chuen Lee and Alexander Halliday used a process known as MC‐ICPMS (multiple collector inductively coupled plasma magnetic sector mass spectrometry) to compare Hafnium and tungsten isotopes in chondrites (primitive meteorites), silicate Earth rocks, lunar basalt from the Apollo 14 mission, and two iron meteorites, which are considered to be remnants of the original cores of small planetesimals.
Greener space
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

If all goes well, the meals eaten on space flights could get a bit tastier. NASA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) have set aside $5 million over the next five years to help scientists improve nutrition in space.“A low‐gravity environment leaves plants confused,” said Steven Huber of the USDA's Agricultural Research Service. “Gravity guides root growth. Without it, growth can go haywire—roots can grow upward out of the soil.” Huber and other scientists suspect that weightlessness upsets a plant's calcium metabolism.
An atmospheric alternative
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A common goal of world governments is to reduce the anthropogenic effect on the global atmosphere within the next 100 to 200 years. But there may be more than one path to that goal, according to three scientists who offered an alternative to the current timetable recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and other United Nations panels.Current proposals from the IPCC recommend immediate and sizable reductions in carbon‐dioxide emissions and a relatively rapid transition away from fossil fuels in order to gradually stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 2150.
Public knows the value of science, but not the meaning
Authors: Carlowicz MichaelMichael 
Published: October 2011

The first of two parts in a series.Americans love science, they just don't necessarily understand it. That is the message of Science & Engineering Indicators 1996, a compendium of statistics on science funding, education, and public attitudes toward science. The report was researched and drafted under the guidance of the National Science Board of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Minority Fellowships
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

In an effort to increase the number of ethnic minorities on the faculties of American colleges and universities, the Ford Foundation is offering fellowships to members of six groups who have been severely underrepresented in academia.In a program administered by the National Research Council (NRC), the Ford Foundation is offering 50 three‐year predoctoral fellowships ($14,000 per year, plus a $6000 annual institutional grant) and 25 one‐year dissertation fellowships ($18,000 for one year) to Native American Indians, Alaskan natives (Eskimos, Aleuts), Black/African Americans, Mexican Americans/Chicanos, Native Pacific Islanders (Polynesians and Micronesians), and Puerto Ricans. Fellowships will be awarded in the behavioral and social sciences, humanities, engineering, mathematics, physical sciences, life sciences, or interdisciplinary programs composed of two or more of those disciplines. The predoctoral fellowships are intended for beginning graduate students; the dissertation fellowships are designed to provide support for students in their final year.
Hole‐some winds
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

The elliptical hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica is back, and it is already twice the size of Europe, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reports. An annual feature of the austral spring for at least the past few decades, the ozone hole “appeared earlier than in recent years” and had already grown to 20 million km2 by the week of September 24–30, researchers from the WMO told Reuters.The largest ozone hole on record formed in 1995, when the gap in Earth's ultraviolet radiation‐blocking layer expanded to 22 million km2. Atmospheric concentrations of ozone over the South Pole dipped as low as 129 Dobson units in 1995, and this year's hole has already shown Dobson values below 180, a 45% decline from the normal ozone shield. The total ozone minimum over Antarctica is typically observed in mid‐October.
Plate electronics
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

Using a Cray T3D supercomputer and a simple assumption about the physical character of Earth's mantle, a pair of researchers from the University of California at Berkeley have built a computer model that may help explain why the planet's tectonic plates look the way they do.In creating a three‐dimensional numerical simulation of convection in the Earth's interior, UC researchers Hans‐Peter Bunge and Mark Richards simplified their model to account for just one major physical effect: that the viscosity of the mantle increases with depth. Reviewing some recent—but not yet widely accepted—seismic data, Bunge and Richards assumed for the sake of the model that the viscosity of the mantle increases by a factor of 30 from the lithosphere to the core‐mantle boundary. Relying on that assumption, the pair ran the model for nearly three weeks on a supercomputer at Los Alamos National Laboratory and found that the simulation produced an effect similar to what we see on the surface of Earth. The model produced a surface paralleling the actual width of plates and the geometry of the plate boundaries.
Women's studies
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

On March 31, 1997, the Association for Women Geoscientists will award two Chrysalis Scholarships to women who have returned to school after an interruption in their education for a year or longer. The $750 awards will be given to geoscience master's or Ph.D. candidates to cover expenses in finishing their theses.The application deadline is February 28, 1997.
Mission for Mitchell
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

In honor of a life of pioneering efforts to use satellite altimetry for geophysical studies, the U.S. Navy announced on December 16, 1996, that it will dedicate its next satellite altimeter—the follow‐on to Geosat—to deceased AGU member Jimmy Mitchell. The announcement was made during a special session dedicated to Mitchell's research at the AGU Fall Meeting.Mitchell first won renown at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the 1970s and 1980s while conducting research associated with Voyager missions. But it was his work in later years at the Naval Research Laboratory at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, that led the Navy to honor him with the satellite.
Course of sea‐level change
Authors: Carlowicz Michael 
Published: October 2011

This summer, the Environment and Climate Program of the European Union will offer an advanced study course on “sea‐level changes on micro to macro timescales: measurements, modeling, interpretation, and application.” The short course will be taught from July 1–12 at the Aesclepon Conference Center on the island of Kos, Greece.The interdisciplinary course is designed to bring together at least 40 students from different disciplines in an attempt to share and disseminate fundamental ideas about sea level change, focusing particularly on changes influenced by anthropogenic factors. Participants will be selected by a scientific panel; the European Union will conduct the course free of charge and will provide free lodging. Students must pay for their own travel expenses and food.
NSF adopts new criteria
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

Beginning in October, grant proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation will be reviewed according to new criteria. The four aspects now used by NSF reviewers to evaluate proposals will be reduced to two: intellectual merit and broader impact to society.NSF's more comprehensive strategic plan and stronger emphasis on education prompted the first change in its merit review criteria since 1981. The second new criterion—the proposed activity's impact to society—combines two present criteria regarding the relevance of the research and its effect on the infrastructure of science and engineering. The new criteria are organized in a way that, according to administrators, should make them more flexible and easier to use.
Hot tracks
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

Continental plates don't leave tracks—or do they? As hot material wells up from deep in the Earth's mantle at sites called hotspots, seamounts are produced. Chains of seamounts, like those running northwestward from the Hawaiian islands, reveal the direction and rate of tectonic plate movement— as long as their age can be determined.Paul Wessel and Loren Kronke of the University of Hawaii recently described a simple and labor‐saving technique for locating extinct hotspots and tracing the history of plate motions without having to know how old the seamounts are. By using the geometric relationship linking hotspots to the seamounts that they produce, the researchers traced the motion of tectonic plates without identifying the age of seamounts. Using this method,
Bad time for weather forecasting
Authors: Friebele Elaine 
Published: October 2011

Apparently, the transition from cold, glacial times to warmer conditions was not a smooth one. Paleoclimatic records from equatorial East Africa, Antarctica, and Greenland reveal that atmospheric circulation changed abruptly at the early to mid‐Holocene transition, according to a paper published in the June 20 issue of Science.Marine and terrestrial records around the world indicate that a climatic reorganization occurred at both the equator and the poles about 8,000 years ago, just as the continental ice sheets were retreating and sea levels were rising. J.C. Stager and P.A. Mayewski from Paul Smith's College in New York and the University of New Hampshire, respectively, recently added evidence from Lake Victoria's diatom and pollen record.
Forest Service produces risk maps
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

As part of an effort to improve the management and health of forests in the United States, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) presented Congress with new maps to help assess the risks that woodlands face from catastrophic fires, pests, and disease, at a February 24 hearing of a subcommittee of the House of Representatives' Committee on Agriculture.However, Subcommittee Chair Robert Goodlatte (R‐Va.) questioned the Forest Service's commitment to the mapping initiative, which the committee earlier had requested that the agency undertake. “Even if the initiative is completed on paper, there remains the question whether the Forest Service will actually implement it on the ground,” he said.
Committing to science and math teaching
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

On July 20, US. Secretary of Education Richard Riley commemorated the 30th anniversary of the first landing on the Moon by appointing members of a new National Commissionon Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Century and calling for a commitment to improve science and mathematics education.The commission, chaired by former astronaut and U.S. Senator John Glenn, will develop a strategy to raise the quality of mathematics and science teaching across the nation, and will submit its findings in the fall of 2000.
Trace gas study accumulates forty million frequent‐flyer miles for science
Authors: Cho J. Y. .N. , Newell R. E. , Thouret V. , Marenco A. , Smit H. 
Published: October 2011

At any given moment about 4000 commercial aircraft are flying over the Earth. To an atmospheric scientist they constitute a potentially vast array of in situ measurement platforms, an obvious source of high‐resolution upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UT/LS) trace gas data that could not be obtained on such a continuous basis in any other way, especially over the oceans.The number of flights has been steadily growing, and the long‐term outlook for continued “funding” looks excellent given the penchant for humans to travel around the world. And yet, to date, there have been few attempts to tap this resource for atmospheric chemistry studies. One study, however, has chalked up 40 million miles over the past 5 years.
Kansas becomes latest U.S. battleground in effort to limit the teaching of evolution
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

Anywhere you go, you face some sort of challenge, reasoned Lee Allison, who took over as director of the Kansas Geological Survey on July 26 and is still unpacking boxes. Allison faced his new challenge directly on August 11, when he stood before the 10 members of the State Board of Education at a hearing in Topeka, and urged them not to adopt statewide science standards that de‐emphasize the teaching of evolution in public schools.Allison delivered the statement in person rather than by letter because he wanted the survey to take a higher profile in the controversy than it previously had done. He wanted to “make a statement that the geology community was not going to sit back and let this happen.”
Teaching evolution
Authors: Geissman John Wm. 
Published: October 2011

The decision by the Kansas Board of Education, on August 11, to delete evolution from the state's school science curriculum was a blow to science education and, therefore, to science. Regardless of how appalling the decision is, expressions of shock and disapproval are not the most effective response.What is needed from scientists, including AGU members, is long‐term, dedicated, and concerted involvement in education at the state and local level. Creationists won in Kansas, have won in other states, and may continue to win elsewhere, because they care enough and are sufficiently organized to get elected or appointed to school boards. Unfortunately, there is often a tendency among scientists to overlook, or be less involved in, issues that may not be perceived as of immediate or direct importance. The deplorable decision by the Kansas Board of Education may reflect a situation in which those who were too busy to participate in local politics had a limited effect on the decision process. Science education in Kansas will suffer, as it has in other states. We need to recognize that science education must not start at the university/college level. Active involvement by scientists in state and local politics has made a difference in some states in thwarting attempts by creationists to profoundly modify science curricula as well as placing educated individuals on school boards.