bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of Green parties on postmaterialist values
Authors: Tranter Bruce , Western Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on value change by advancing a new explanation of the relationship between political parties and generational‐based values in advanced industrialized nations. Through multivariate analysis of World Values and other survey data from 29 countries, we show that the relationship between generations and values tends to vary between polities dominated by major parties and those in which many parties achieve electoral success. Green parties enhance the uptake of postmaterialist values and speed the decline of materialist ones, particularly among younger generations, by promoting a political discourse and agenda that contributes to the formative experiences underpinning value change. This research suggests that institutional structures and political parties need to be given far greater prominence in theories of postmaterial value change.
Laïcité and multiculturalism: the Stasi Report in context1
Authors: Akan Murat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFrench republican universalism – expressed most strongly in the principle and practice oflaïcité– and multiculturalism have constituted opposite poles on questions of citizenship and integration. The report of the Stasi Commission onlaïcitéon 11 December 2003 and the following legislation on the donning of religious symbols in French public schools have once again, spurred debates over the meanings and practices oflaïcité. The report and the law have been interpreted in different ways. Some have presented them as a reaffirmation of a historically constitutedlaïcitéunder new circumstances, others as a divergence from the real problems of racism, unemployment and gender inequality. In this article, I offer an alternative reading by supplementing a critical reading of the report with an analysis of its historical and immediate institutional context. I evaluate the Stasi Report in its immediate context of institutional change, and in the historical context of selected developments concerninglaïcitésince the 1905 law separating churches and State. I argue that the Stasi Report marks a fundamental break with French republican universalism, and I show that this break occurred contemporaneously with key gestures of multiculturalism: the establishment of the French Muslim Council and the creation of Muslim high schools under contract with the French state. This double movement to narrow the boundaries oflaïcité, and for the state to expand the boundaries of identity‐specific, Muslim public institutions and private schooling constitutes a reorganization of the public sphere in France which qualifies as a move towards multiculturalism.
Does intergenerational social mobility affect antagonistic attitudes towards ethnic minorities?
Authors: Tolsma Jochem , De Graaf Nan Dirk , Quillian Lincoln 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUp till now, no study satisfactorily addressed the effect of social mobility on antagonistic attitudes toward ethnic minorities. In this contribution, we investigate the effect of educational and class intergenerational mobility on ethnic stereotypes, ethnic threat, and opposition to ethnic intermarriage by using diagonal mobility models. We test several hypotheses derived from ethnic competition theory and socialization theory with data from theSocial and Cultural Developments in The Netherlandssurveys (SOCON, waves 1995, 2000, and 2005) andThe Netherlands Kinship and Panel Study(NKPS, wave 2002). We find that the relative influence of social origin and social destination depends on the specific origin and destination combination. If one moves to a more tolerant social destination position, the influence of the social origin position is negligible. If on the other hand, one is socially mobile to a less tolerant social position, the impact of the origin on antagonistic attitudes is substantial and may even exceed the impact of the destination category. This confirms our hypothesis that adaptation to more tolerant norms is easier than adaptation to less tolerant norms. We find only meagre evidence for the hypothesis that downward mobility leads to frustration and consequently to more antagonistic attitudes.
Explaining religiosity: towards a unified theoretical model1
Authors: Stolz Jörg 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe article presents a unified theoretical model, explaining differences in Christian and ‘alternative’ religiosity at individual and collective levels. The model reconstructs and integrates the most important theories explaining religiosity (deprivation, regulation, socialization, cultural production, and ethnicity) as complementary causal mechanisms in a rational‐action based framework. It is maintained that the mechanisms of the various theories are not exclusive, but complementary, and that integration into the general model is both theoretically and empirically beneficial. The model is tested on representative data from Switzerland. Substantively, I find for the Swiss case that Christian religiosity can be best explained by a religious socialization mechanism. The most important mechanisms accounting for alternative religiosity involve deprivation, gender, and age.
Class analysis and the reorientation of class theory: the case of persisting differentials in educational attainment1
Authors: Goldthorpe John H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn class analysis the main regularities that have been established by empirical research are not ones of long‐term class formation or decomposition, as envisaged in Marxist or liberal theory, but rather ones that exhibit the powerful resistance to change of class relations and associated life‐chances and patterns of social action. If these regularities are to be explained, theory needs to be correspondingly reoriented, and must abandon functionalist and teleological assumptions in favour of providing more secure micro‐foundations. This argument is developed and illustrated in the course of an attempt to apply rational action theory to the explanation of persisting class differentials in educational attainment.
British Muslims and the UK government's ‘war on terror’ within: evidence of a clash of civilizations or emergent de‐civilizing processes?
Authors: Vertigans Stephen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the immediate aftermath of the September 2001 attacks on America, defending civilization was quickly established at the core of the ‘war on terror’. Unintentionally or otherwise this incorporation of civilization connected with Samuel Huntington's ‘Clash of Civilizations’ thesis. Within the ‘war on terror’ the dark side of counterterrorism has become apparent through international practices like extrajudicial killing, extraordinary rendition and torture. The impact of Western governments' policies upon their indigenous Muslim populations has also been problematic but social and political analysis has been relatively limited. This paper seeks to help address the scarcity of sociological contributions. Hidden costs of the UK government's attempts to utilize violence and enhance social constraints within the nation‐state are identified. It is argued that although counterterrorism strategies are contributing to a self‐fulfilling spiral of hatred that could be considered evidence in support of the ‘Clash of Civilizations’, the thesis is unhelpful when trying to grasp the underlying processes. Instead the paper draws upon Norbert Elias's application of the concepts of ‘civilizing’ and ‘de‐civilizing’ to help improve levels of understanding about the processes and consequences of particular Muslim communities being targeted by security forces. The paper concludes with an exploration of the majority of the population's acquiescence and willingness to accept restraints upon Muslims in order to safeguard their own security.
THE EFFECT OF HAZE AND HIGH SOLAR ALTITUDE ON THE DENSITY OF AIR SURVEY NEGATIVES
Authors: Hall R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of haze in vertical daylight air photography for various solar altitudes is considered. If appreciable haze is present the density of negatives exposed when the solar rays are inclined to the vertical at angles less than the lens field semi‐angle may vary over the field to such an extent that the photographs will be unsuitable for survey purposes. A theoretical investigation is made and practical results analysed. Methods by which the phenomena may be avoided are suggested. The effect on negative density of the variation in shadow length across the picture is also discussed.
ANALYTICAL METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR MAPPING FROM BALLOON PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Vozikis E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper attempts to demonstrate the economy, quality and accuracy that can be obtained by the use of analytical methods and instruments in photogrammetry.As a practical example, amateur photographs, taken from a balloon (BCV D4 Delacoste) with a Hasselblad 500 EL/M camera, were used for restitution by means of the ORIENT bundle adjustment program and the Wild Aviolyt AC1/Aviotab TA2 analytical plotting system. Results are quoted for the time required and the accuracy obtained.RésuméCet article essaie de mettre en évidence les wantages que l'on peut tirer de l'emploi d'appareils et de méthodes analytiques en photogrammétrie, en ce qui concerne l'économie, la qualityé et la précision. On cite à titre d'exemple, l'emploi de photographies d'amateurs, prises en ballon (un Delacoste BCV D4) avec un appareil Hasselblad 500 EL/M, restituées au moyen du programme de compension par faisceaux ORIENT et du système de restitution analytique Wild Aviolyt AC/1 Aviotab TA2. On fait état du temps nécessaire et de la précision obtenue dans les résultats.ZusammenfassungEs wird der Versuch gemacht, Ökonomie, Qualität und Genauigkeit, die mit analytischen Verfahren und Geräten in der Photogrammetrie erzielt werden können, aufzuzeigen. Alspraktisches Beispiel dienen Amateurfotos, die von einem Ballon aus (BCV D4 Delacoste) mit einer Hasselblad‐Kamera 500 EL/M aufgenommen und mit dem Bündelprogramm ORIENT und dem Analytischen Auswertegerät von Wild Aviolyt AC1/Aviotab TA2 ausgewertet wurden. Es werden Ergebnisse für den Zeitaufwand und die erreichte Genauigkeit angegeben.
THE FUTURE PROSPECTS OF DATA ACQUISITION BY PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER AIRBORNE SYSTEMS FOR LARGE SCALE MAPPING
Authors: Burnside C. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper was the first to be presented at the Thompson Symposium 1984 which had as its theme “The future of photogrammetry”. The paper considers only the acquisition of imagery for large scale mapping and similar purposes. It discusses the role of the standard metric aerial survey camera and makes some proposals for the wider use of smaller format cameras. It also reviews the position with regard to other possible sources of imagery such as vidicon and solid state cameras.
A NEW LIGHTWEIGHT CAMERA RIG
Authors: Ekin W. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new lightweight vertical camera rig which can be clamped to the front legs of the front seat of a light aircraft is described. In one version, a fixed transparent fairing is attached to the door, whereas in the second version the fairing is attached to the camera rig itself which can then be extended and retracted in flight. This rig has received C.A.A. (Civil Aviation Authority) Approval.
SOME ASPECTS OF HEIGHT EXTRACTION FROM SPOT IMAGERY
Authors: Ley R. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMilitary systems are becoming far more demanding in their requirement for geographical information. Military Survey must be able to support these requirements and consequently undertake a continuous evaluation of new potential sources and exploitation systems. In considering SPOT data, both the improved spatial resolution and the three dimensional capability afforded by the system must be investigated. Military Survey, together with universities and industry, is conducting trials on the accuracy and detail obtainable from both film and digital data. This paper will consider the three dimensional geometric fidelity of SPOT data using three different systems. The first exploits the data as a stereopair of diapositives using an analytical plotter. The second is a hybrid system in that the stereoscopic digital data are loaded into an image processing workstation which projects a stereo‐image onto a split screen. This is then treated as “hardcopy” and is interactively exploited by a conventional stereoscope. The third system is completely digital in that height extraction is undertaken within a digital environment incorporating autocorrelation routines. Overall system errors of 10 m to 12 m (σ) were recorded for each exploitation system. Digital elevation model accuracies varied depending upon terrain type and image contrast.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING WITH SPOT 1 DATA: A PRACTICAL APPROACH BY THE ORDNANCE SURVEY
Authors: Hartley W. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Overseas Surveys Directorate (OSD) of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain (OS) has experimented with using SPOT I HRV data for topographic line mapping at 1:100 000 scale in the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR). Results of these tests indicate that sufficient accuracy to support 1:100 000 scale mapping with a 40 m contour interval is possible but that the compilation of detail is incomplete. More emphasis on field completion and verification is required than with traditional techniques to maintain a standard 1:100 000 scale mapping specification. Costs of mapping large areas can be significantly reduced but savings are yet to be made in providing ground control. OSD has acquired expertise and hardware in a new mapping process, not to replace traditional mapping systems but to complement them under appropriate conditions. OSD has developed sufficient confidence in the use of SPOT to commit itself to mapping approximately 25 000 square kilometres of north east Yemen Arab Republic.
A NEW PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCEDURE FOR OFFSHORE ENGINEERING SURVEYS
Authors: Bozzolato G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes an innovative and unconventional photogrammetric solution developed by Agip S.p.A. when faced with the problem of surveying offshore structures. It was necessary to determine the separation of the centre lines of pipe supports and, in order to provide control, chains of known length were slung between adjacent pipes. Various camera platforms were investigated and a helicopter was finally selected. Special photographic equipment was developed for the project based on the Zeiss (Jena) UMK 10/1318 metric cameras. The entire system has performed satisfactorily on land but, at the time of writing, had yet to be tested offshore. It is designed to provide rapid dimensional engineering surveys of large objects with high accuracy carried out under a wide range of environmental conditions.
DIGITAL PLOTTERS: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Authors: Dowman I. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews the requirements and equipment for the photogrammetric restitution of digital data. Advances in computer technology have made it possible to process and display image data in very fast time; this has made real time movement of images on a display screen a reality and hence, together with stereoscopic viewing, a digital version of the analytical plotter. The necessary components are discussed and the implementations which have been made. The use of parallel processing for additional speed is also discussed and the alternatives of using standard workstations are considered. A system developed at University College London is described and some pointers to the future are provided.
HIGH PRECISION INDUSTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Wester‐Ebbinghaus W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new high precision photogrammetric system for measurements in industry is presented, which consists of a large format camera and a digital monocomparator. Retroreflecting targets support automatic measurement. Because of a rigorous réseau technique, the system requires lower mechanical effort and fewer costs than conventional systems. It is in operational use in the German and French Airbus Industries.
CLOSE RANGE MEASUREMENT USING ELECTRONIC THEODOLITE SYSTEMS
Authors: Grist M. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCo‐ordinate measuring systems based on theodolites are increasingly being found in industrial environments. The paper explains the principles on which the technique is based, the system components and the factors which affect the accuracy that can be achieved. Finally some application areas are listed and a particular example from the aircraft industry is highlighted.
REFRACTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN A THERMAL VACUUM CHAMBER
Authors: Fraser C. S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Photogrammetric measurements within environmental test chambers which incorporate viewing ports constitute an application of multi‐media photogrammetry. Perturbations to the incident bundles of rays due to refraction must therefore be taken into account. In this paper, refraction compensation for the case of antenna measurements within thermal vacuum chambers is discussed. Correction models applicable to the camera invariant refracting surfaces of a glass window and vacuum chamber are reviewed, especially error compensation using the approach of analytical selfcalibration. Results of a sequence of measurements of a satellite antenna are then analysed to illustrate the high measurement accuracies which are afforded by the selfcalibration approach. Résumé Les déterminations photogrammétriques dans un environnement de caissons ď essais munis de hublots de visée, constituent une application de la photogrammetrie à trovers des milieux multiples. II y a lieu par conséquent de tenir compte des perturbations que subissent lesfaisceaux de rayons lumineux incidents par suite de la réfraction. On examine dans cet article la compensation de la réfraction dans le cas de mesures sur des antennes placées dans des enceintes thermiques sous vide. On analyse les modèles de correction applicables aux surfaces réfractantes invariantes de la chambre photographique et de ľ enceinte à vide, comprenant des fenêtres en verre, en s'attachant plus particulièrement à une compensation ď erreurs basée sur des méthodes ď auto‐étalonnage analytique. On présente ensuite les résultats ď une série de mesures portant sur une antenne de satellite, qui illustrent le haut degré de précision atteint par cette méthode ďauto‐étalonnage. Zusammenfassung Photogrammetrische Messungen innerhalb von Umwelt‐Testkammern, die auch Öffnungen zum Durchblick enthalten, stellen eine Anwendung der Multimedien‐Photogrammetrie dar. Demzufolge müssen Störungen wegen Refraktion bei den Aufnahmestrahlenbündeln berücksichtigt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Kompensation der Refraktion für Antennenmessungen in thermalen Vakuum‐Kammern diskutiert. Korrekturmodelle, die auf die kamerainvarianten brechenden Oberflächen eines Fensterglases und die Vakuum‐Kammer angewandt werden können, werden analysiert, besonders unter dem Gesichtspunkt, daß eine Fehlerkorrektur mittels Selbstkalibrierung erfolgt. Dann werden Ergebnisse einer Folge von Messungen an der Satellitenantenne analysiert, um die hohe Meßgenauigkeit darzustellen, die aus dem Ansatz zur Selbstkalibrierung resultiert.
Introduction to an International Guide to Stratigraphic Classification, Terminology, and Usage
Authors: Hedberg Hollis D. 
Published: July 2010

International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification [Report No. 7a; editor H. D. Hedberg]: Introduction to an International Guide to Stratigraphic Classification, Terminology, and Usage. Boreas, Vol 1, pp. 199–211. Oslo, 1st September, 1972. [Co‐published with Lethaia, Vol. 5, pp. 283–295].The International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification (ISSC), a subcommission of the IUGS Commission on Stratigraphy, has been working for the last 15–20 years towards the preparation of an International Guide to Stratigraphic Classification, Terminology, and Usage. The purpose of the Guide is to promote international agreement on principles of stratigraphic classification and to establish internationally acceptable stratigraphic terminology and rules of stratigraphic procedure. The Introduction explains the background of its preparation.
Uranium/thorium dating of Quaternary carbonates
Authors: GUSTAVSSON JOHN E. , HÖGBERG S. A. CHRISTER 
Published: July 2010

Gustavsson, J. E. & Högberg, S. A. C.: Uranium/thorium dating of Quaternary carbonates. Boreas, Vol. 1, pp. 247–274. Oslo, 1st December, 1972.The U/Th methods and particularly the theory of the 230Th‐deficiency method are reviewed. The closed system question is discussed against the background of the growth and structure of the molluscan shells measured. The choice of the half‐life value for 230Th, 75,200 years, is accounted for in a review of the five half‐life determinations known to the authors. The measurement procedure starts with the mechanical and ultrasonic cleaning of the sample. Small portions are taken for X‐ray analysis. The sample is then divided into two parts. One is treated chemically to separate the uraninium and the thorium, in order to determine the ratio between the activities of the uranium isotopes and to determine the content of 226Ra. The other part of the sample is used to make the total measurement on the uranium and thorium isotopes simultaneously from the same part of the sample without any chemical pretreatment.
Lateral fluctuations in pelagic sedimentation during the Pleistocene glaciations
Authors: BOSTRÖM KURT , FISHER DAVID E. 
Published: July 2010

Boström, K., & Fisher, D. E.: Lateral fluctuations in pelagic sedimentation during the Pleistocene glaciations. Boreas, Vol. 1, pp. 275–288. Oslo, 1st December, 1972.A total of 308 sediment samples of dated cores from 7 different locations have been analyzed for several major and trace elements. Our results, as well as previously published ones, show that during the Pleistocene the pelagic sediments have high concentrations of Mn, Cu, Co, REE, etc., in deposits of glacial age and low concentrations in corresponding interglacial ones; for hemipelagic sediments the situation is reversed. This shows that the boundary between reducing hemipelagic sediments and well‐oxidized pelagic sediments has been migrating laterally back and forth due to climatic variations. Such sediment sequences may be easily confused with deposits where postdepositional migration of Mn and other elements has taken place.
The Lundergård Clay and its Foraminifera, a new formation in the marine Quaternary of Denmark
Authors: KNUDSEN KAREN LUISE 
Published: July 2010

Knudsen, Karen Luise: The Lundergard Clay and its Foraminifera, a new formation in the marine Quaternary of Denmark. Boreas, Vol. 1, pp. 289–297. Oslo, 1st December, 1972.Samples from marine Quaternary clay deposits at Lundergård in Vendsyssel have been analysed for their content of Foraminifera. The clay, which is called the Lundergård Clay, contains a typical arctic foraminifer fauna with Quinqueloculina stalkeri and Elphidium ustulatum as characteristic species. To attempt an age determination of the Lundergård Clay, the fauna is compared with foraminifer assemblages from other marine Quaternary deposits of Vendsyssel and adjacent areas. The deposit may represent a hitherto unknown facies of the Older Yoldia Clay of Vendsyssel, which is supposed to be of Weichselian interstadial age, or it may be older and can perhaps be correlated with the Holderness Basement Till of Saale interstadial age.