bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology–transport relationships for silica monoliths: From physical reconstruction to pore‐scale simulations
Authors: Hlushkou Dzmitry , Bruns Stefan , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis work describes individual steps of an approach toward quantitative correlations between morphological and mass transport properties of capillary silica monoliths. The macropore space morphology of the central core region of the capillary monolith is visualized by a fast, nondestructive, and quantitative method using three‐dimensional reconstruction from confocal laser scanning microscopy images. The reconstructed 60 μm×60 μm×12 μm monolith domain consisted of 1.6×109 cubic voxels with 30 nm edge length. The received morphological data were chord length distributions for the bulk macropore space and skeleton of the monolith, which we characterized by k‐gamma distributions. This analysis provides parameters that can be correlated with the mass transport properties obtained by macropore‐scale simulations of flow and transport in the reconstructed monolith. These simulations were realized on a supercomputing platform and comprised the lattice–Boltzmann method for fluid flow and a random‐walk particle‐tracking method for advective–diffusive mass transport. The characteristic length scales of eddy dispersion correlate with the statistical measures of the chord length distributions. Simulated plate height curves demonstrate that the bulk monolith is very homogeneous, and that the intraskeleton transport properties and a stochastic variation of macropore space characteristics can be neglected compared with the importance of reducing column radial heterogeneity in chromatographic practice.
Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs from urine using mixed‐mode monolithic silica spin column bonded with octadecyl and cation‐exchange group
Authors: Namera Akira , Yamamoto Shinobu , Saito Takeshi , Miyazaki Shota , Oikawa Hiroshi , Nakamoto Akihiro , Nagao Masataka 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA method coupling spin column extraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic drugs from urine. Benzodiazepines, local anaesthetics, antidepressants, and barbiturates were used as model drugs. Sample loading, washing, and elution of the target drugs were accomplished by centrifugation of the column. In this study, mixed‐mode monolithic silica bonded with a C18 reversed‐phase and a strong cation exchange phase was packed in a spin column. The pH of a urine sample (0.2 mL) was adjusted to 3 and the analytes adsorbed onto the column were eluted with 0.1 mL of MeOH containing 2% NH3; all the tested drugs were simultaneously extracted from urine. The recovery of the tested drugs was 65–123%. Up to a concentration of 2500 ng/mL of the target drugs in urine, a linear curve was observed (r2>0.996). The intra‐ and interday RSDs at three different concentrations in urine were 2.1–14.7%. For RSDs lower than 15%, the limits of detection were 1–25 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for clinical and forensic cases and the results thus obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by conventional methods.
Optimization of lytic phage manufacturing in bioreactor using monolithic supports
Authors: Smrekar Franc , Ciringer Mateja , Jančar Janez , Raspor Peter , Štrancar Aleš , Podgornik Aleš 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA process for manufacturing large quantities of lytic bacteriophages was developed. Determination of cultivation termination was found to be essential to achieve high phage quantity and purity. When optimal cultivation termination is missed, phage fraction was found to be highly contaminated with deoxyribonucleic acid released from Escherichia coli cells. Besides, an already established method for monitoring of phage cultivation based on optical density, where its peak indicates point when maximal phage titer is achieved, a new indirect chromatographic method using methacrylate monoliths is proposed for on‐line estimation of phage titer. It is based on the measurement of released E. coli deoxyribonucleic acid and shows high correlation with phage titer obtained from plaque assay. Its main advantage is that the information is obtained within few minutes. In addition, the same method can also be used to determine purity of a final phage fraction. Two strategies to obtain highly pure phage fractions are proposed: an immediate purification of phage lysate using monolithic columns or an addition of EDTA before chromatographic purification. The developed protocol was shown to give phage purity above 90% and it is completed within one working day including cultivation and phage titer in the final formulation using developed chromatographic method.
Preparation of macroporous cryostructurated gel monoliths, their characterization and main applications
Authors: Plieva Fatima M. , Kirsebom Harald , Mattiasson Bo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCryostructuration platform renders it possible to form macroporous materials (known as cryogels) with a broad range of porosity, from structures with combination of meso‐ and macropores to structures with 100‐μm sized macropores. When these materials are formed in the shape of monoliths (monolithic cryogels), they present a unique monolithic stationary medium for specific applications. This review summarizes the recent research on the preparation and characterization of cryostructurated monolithic cryogels for (bio)separation and points to some future perspectives.
Factors affecting Florida scrub‐jay nest survival on Ocala National Forest, Florida
Authors: Franzreb Kathleen E. , Zarnoch Stanley J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOne of the main populations of the Florida scrub‐jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a federally threatened species, occurs on Ocala National Forest, Florida. We determined the nest daily survival rate (DSR) of 474 nests of Florida scrub‐jays in stands subject to sand pine reforestation management after timber harvesting or wildfire on Ocala National Forest. We used the information‐theoretic approach with logistic‐exposure modeling to determine the most likely models to account for DSR for the incubation and nestling stages separately. The models consisted of 4 components (temporal, management, habitat, and helpers) with each consisting of one to several specific variables. In the incubation stage all the best models included the temporal component alone or in concert with the habitat, helpers, or habitat and helpers components. Model averaging in the incubation stage indicated support for the year and day × year in the temporal component and stand age in the habitat component. In the nestling stage, top models all included the temporal component alone or with helpers or habitat, helpers, and the interaction of habitat and helpers. Model averaging in the nestling stage showed support for the year, nest age, and to a lesser extent day in the temporal component and helpers. The management component, which consisted of no site preparation, wildfire burn, post‐harvest burn, chop and seed, or seed only, had little influence on nest survival for the incubation or nestling stages. However, we identified several other management factors that may increase Florida scrub‐jay populations despite having no effect on DSR. First, the proportion of Florida scrub‐jay nests was significantly higher than expected in burned habitat based on habitat availability, indicating a potential preferred nesting habitat conducive to population growth. Second, incubation stage DSR with respect to stand age (habitat component) declined to stand age 10 yr and then began to increase, which may be attributed to the higher bird population in the prime habitat in the middle stand ages. The denser population may result in more competition for resources, and possibly may attract more predators, resulting in a lower DSR. Thus, although DSR may be lower at the mid‐stand ages, the overall population may actually be optimal. Therefore, to increase the Florida scrub‐jay population on Ocala National Forest, we recommend maintaining a mosaic of stands ≤20 yr of age and emphasizing natural reseeding and site preparation via burning. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Agricultural practices and residual corn during spring crane and waterfowl migration in Nebraska
Authors: Sherfy Mark H. , Anteau Michael J. , Bishop Andrew A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNebraska's Central Platte River Valley (CPRV) is a major spring‐staging area for migratory birds. Over 6 million ducks, geese, and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) stage there en route to tundra, boreal forest, and prairie breeding habitats, storing nutrients for migration and reproduction by consuming primarily corn remaining in fields after harvest (hereafter residual corn). In springs 2005–2007, we measured residual corn density in randomly selected harvested cornfields during early (n = 188) and late migration (n = 143) periods. We estimated the mean density of residual corn for the CPRV and examined the influence of agricultural practices (post‐harvest field management) and migration period on residual corn density. During the early migration period, residual corn density was greater in idle harvested fields than any other treatments of fields (42%, 48%, 53%, and 92% more than grazed, grazed and mulched, mulched, and tilled fields, respectively). Depletion of residual corn from early to late migration did not differ among post‐harvest treatments but was greatest during the year when overall corn density was lowest (2006). Geometric mean early‐migration residual corn density for the CPRV in 2005–2007 (42.4 kg/ha; 95% CI = 35.2–51.5 kg/ha) was markedly lower than previously published estimates, indicating that there has been a decrease in abundance of residual corn available to waterfowl during spring staging. Increases in harvest efficiency have been implicated as a cause for decreasing corn densities since the 1970s. However, our data show that post‐harvest management of cornfields also can substantially influence the density of residual corn remaining in fields during spring migration. Thus, managers may be able to influence abundance of high‐energy foods for spring‐staging migratory birds in the CPRV through programs that influence post‐harvest management of cornfields. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
The role of predator removal, density‐dependence, and environmental factors on mallard duckling survival in North Dakota
Authors: Amundson Courtney L. , Arnold Todd W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDuckling survival is an important component of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) recruitment and population growth, yet many factors regulating duckling survival are poorly understood. We investigated factors affecting mallard duckling survival in the drift prairie of northeastern North Dakota, 2006–2007. Mammalian meso‐predators were removed by trapping on 4 92.3 km2 study sites and another 4 study sites served as controls. We monitored 169 broods using telemetry and periodic resighting, and we modeled cumulative survival to 30 days of age ${\left( {{\hat {S}}_{30\,{\rm d}} } \right)}$ using the nest survival module in Program MARK. Duckling survival was not affected by predator removal (${\hat {S}}_{30\,{\rm d \hbox{-} Control}} {\rm = 0}{\rm .208}$, 85% CI: 0.182–0.234; ${\hat {S}}_{30\,{\rm d \hbox{-} Trapped}} {\rm = 0}{\rm .183}$, 85% CI: 0.155–0.211) and was only weakly negatively correlated with duckling density. Duckling survival was higher in 2007 (${\hat {S}}_{30{\rm d \hbox{-} 2007}} = 0.264$, 85% CI: 0.193–0.355) than 2006 (${\hat {S}}_{30\,{\rm d \hbox{-} 2006}} = 0.157$, 85% CI: 0.084–0.252) and increased with total seasonal and semipermanent wetland area and declined with perennial cover in the surrounding landscape. Broods that hatched earlier in the season (especially in 2006) and ducklings that were heavier at hatch also had higher survival. Our estimates of duckling survival are among the lowest reported for mallards and contradict previous research in Saskatchewan that found predator removal increased duckling survival. However, our results are consistent with other studies suggesting that earlier hatch date, increased wetland availability, and better duckling condition lead to increased survival. Management actions that increase wetland density, improve nest success early in the season, and potentially target brood‐specific predators such as mink (Neovison vison) would likely lead to higher duckling survival. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Perioperative incidence and management of hyponatremia in vWD patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Davidson H. Carter , Stapleton Amanda L. , Casselbrant Margaretha L. , Kitsko Dennis J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To analyze the incidence and severity of hyponatremia in patients receiving synthetic desmopressin (DDAVP) in the perioperative setting of oropharyngeal surgery in the treatment of von Willebrand disease and to propose a standardized protocol for perioperative fluid resuscitation and postoperative sodium monitoring after DDAVP administration.Study Design:Retrospective medical record review.Methods:A retrospective medical record review in an academic pediatric medical center was conducted. From October 1, 2002, to February 1, 2009, all patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy and receiving DDAVP preoperatively for the treatment of von Willebrand disease were identified. A total of 76 patients were identified by initial database review; 63 patients were included in the study, and 13 patients were excluded secondary to incomplete data. DDAVP dose and timing, perioperative fluid volume and composition, and postoperative sodium levels were collected. Extreme adverse events related to hyponatremia were recorded.Results:Forty‐seven of 63 (74.6%) patients developed some degree of hyponatremia after DDAVP administration, and six of 63 (9.5%) patients developed extreme hyponatremia, with the degree of hyponatremia related to the volume of perioperative fluid resuscitation. The sodium nadir occurred within 9 to 20 hours after DDAVP administration. No serious adverse events related to hyponatremia were recorded during the study period.Conclusions:The incidence of hyponatremia in children receiving DDAVP for prophylaxis of intraoperative bleeding following oropharyngeal surgery is high. The degree of hyponatremia is related to the perioperative fluid volume administered. A protocol for DDAVP administration, perioperative fluid resuscitation, and postoperative sodium monitoring that aims to reduce the incidence of hyponatremia in this population is proposed.
The effects of verbal reaction time in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Midi Ipek , Doǧan Müzeyyen , Pata Yavuz Selim , Kocak Ismail , Mollahasanoglu Aynur , Tuncer Nese 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Verbal fluency deteriorates with normal aging, but is much more severe in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Verbal functions were analyzed to find differences between normal aging subjects in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in patients with early and moderate stages of AD. This study measured the verbal response time in patients with AD, MCI, and in control subjectsStudy Design:This study measured the verbal response time in patients with AD, MCI, and in control subjectsMethods:Fifteen patients with MCI, 15 patients with early AD, 8 patients with moderate AD, and 15 subjects for controls were included in the study. Word length in milliseconds, reaction time to a phoneme, word, or sentence and acoustic analysis of voice quality and speech diadochokinetic rate (DDK) were measured.Results:Reaction time for a phoneme, word, or sentence especially the initiation period for them were longer in patients with early AD compared to patients with MCI (P< .001). The mean DDK rate was lower with increased severity of the disease, and was much more severe in patients with moderate AD.Conclusions:Clinical discrimination of the early stages of AD and MCI is challenging. Unfortunately, there are no laboratory markers present for the diagnosis of preclinical cases of AD. With the results of this study, the assessments of verbal reaction time may helpful for diagnosis of early AD.
Prevention of buccal mucosa scarring with transforming growth factor β3
Authors: Ohno Satoshi , Hirano Shigeru , Kanemaru Shin‐ichi , Tateya Ichiro , Kitani Yoshiharu , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Tatsuo , Ito Juichi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:In the treatment of tumorous diseases, scarring often forms after resection or irradiation. Scarring of the buccal mucosa causes difficulty in opening the mouth and mastication, decreasing quality of life. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β3 is an isoform of TGFβ1 that is known to accelerate scarring, although it has different effects on wound healing. TGFβ3 administration into wounds has been associated with improvement in the quality of healing skin in vivo. TGFβ3 is also considered to be an important anti‐scarring factor in buccal mucosa. The present study aimed to examine whether TGFβ3 is effective for prevention and treatment of buccal mucosa scarring.Study Design:Prospective study using an animal model.Methods:Thirty Sprague‐Dawley rats were involved in this study. We injected 0.5 mL of TGFβ3 (0.005 μg/mL, 0.05 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL) or saline was injected into the buccal submucosa. Fifteen minutes after the injection, the mucosa was removed down to the masseter muscle or orbicularis oris muscle layer using a 6‐mm biopsy punch. Six weeks after the operation, the buccal mucosae were harvested after euthanasia. Morphologic and histologic examinations were performed.Results:The administration of 0.5 μg/mL TGFβ3 induced rapid re‐epithelialization and suppressed scar formation. In the submucosal layer, favorable restoration of hyaluronic acid and elastin was seen in the TGFβ3‐treated groups compared to the saline‐treated group.Conclusions:TGFβ3 is considered to be effective for better restoration of extracellular matrices of injured buccal mucosa, suggesting a preventative effect of buccal mucosa scarring.
Dual immunofluorescence staining of proteoglycans in human temporal bones
Authors: Markaryan Adam , Nelson Erik G. , Kohut Robert I. , Hinojosa Raul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Immunofluorescence staining methods have been developed to study the distribution of macromolecules in archival formalin‐fixed celloidin‐embedded human temporal bone tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing this approach to evaluate the codistribution of more than one molecule of interest in a single tissue section.Study Design:Retrospective study of proteoglycan codistribution in archival human temporal bone tissues.Methods:The chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans were selected for evaluating this methodology. Human tissues with known proteoglycan staining patterns were studied as controls. Thirty‐one formalin‐fixed celloidin‐embedded archival human temporal bones were evaluated, and the observations in 11 specimens are described. A dual immunofluorescence staining method was developed using primary antibodies of differing isotypes and secondary antibodies labeled with fluorophores having nonoverlapping emission characteristics.Results:The specificity of the dual immunofluorescence technique for chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycans was demonstrated in control tissues and confirmed through inhibition studies. The normal human tectorial membrane exhibited intense chondroitin sulfate staining. Cochlear and vestibular hair cells exhibited predominantly keratan sulfate staining. Keratan sulfate staining predominated in spiral ganglion cell bodies and fibers. Alterations in the normal distribution pattern of proteoglycans were observed in cases of presbycusis and otosclerosis.Conclusions:The dual immunofluorescence staining methodology can be used to study archival formalin‐fixed celloidin‐embedded human temporal bone tissues. This technique may be applied to the evaluation of other molecules in archival human temporal bone tissues and lead to improvement in our understanding of the function of these molecules and their role in disease processes.
MRI scanning in patients implanted with a vibrant soundbridge
Authors: Todt Ingo , Wagner Jan , Goetze Romy , Scholz Sandra , Seidl Rainer , Ernst Arne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:To observe the in vivo effects of MRI scanning on the Vibrant Soundbridge system.Study Design:Retrospective questionnaire.Method:Sixty‐three implantees answered a retrospective questionnaire covering their medical/otological and physical conditions pre‐, intra‐, and post‐magnetic resonance imaging scanning (MRI). Bone conduction (BC) thresholds were measured after MRI scanning and compared with the prescan BC.Results:Thirteen implantees (20.6%) underwent 19 MRI scans (1; 1.5 T) for different medical indications (e.g., exclusion of a brain tumour, lumbar disc herniation etc.). Scanner‐related impulse noise, pain in the middle ear, or pressure at the receiver bed, as well as changes of the transfer function of the floating mass transducer (FMT) are observed frequent effects of MRI scanning. Two patients required transtympanal repositioning of the FMT. A subjectively reported or objectively documented sensorineural hearing loss was not found in any of our patients in this series.Conclusion:MRI scanning with an implanted Vibrant Soundbridge has possible major side effects, but did not affect cochlear function in this series.
Oncological results after surgical treatment of squamous cell cancer of the lateral wall of the oropharynx
Authors: Díaz‐Molina Juan P. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Álvarez‐Marcos Cesar , Llorente José L. , Costales María , Suárez Carlos 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectives:The gold standard of treatment of cancer of the lateral wall of the oropharynx continues to be unclear, especially in advanced stages. In this study, we report our experience with surgical treatment of these cancers and describe the functional and oncological results of the procedures.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:A total of 155 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral wall of the oropharynx who underwent a surgical resection of the lesion at our department from January 1990 to January 2008 were included. Sixty‐seven percent of these patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The records of these patients were reviewed to obtain measures such as local and regional control, disease‐specific survival, and speech and swallowing function.Results:Six patients had a stage I disease, 15 had a stage II disease, 31 had a stage III disease, 86 had a stage IVA, and 17 had stage IVB disease. The overall recurrence rate was 60%, and the local recurrence rate was 40%. The 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates were 33% and 43%, respectively. Five‐year disease‐specific survival rates by stage were as follows: 100%, 59%, 57%, 31%, and 33% for stages I to IVB, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed two parameters that were independent predictors of a reduced disease‐specific survival: cervical lymph node metastases pN2–3 (P = .027) and primary tumor classified as pT3–4 (P = .029). In 122 patients, a tracheotomy was performed, and it couldn't be sealed in 23% of them. Oral alimentation was successfully recovered in 93% of the patients.Conclusions:Surgical treatment of cancer of the lateral wall of the oropharynx provides acceptable oncological and functional results, especially in early and moderately advanced stages (stages I–III). In advanced stages (stage IV), we obtained good functional preservation rates but poor oncological outcomes. Consequently, these groups of patients could be considered for another treatment modality, such as radiochemotherapy.