bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Face of Stroke: Implications for Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Wolf Timothy J. , Baum Carolyn , Connor Lisa Tabor 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Stroke is one of the most life-altering syndromes affecting the world population. Rehabilitation for people experiencing stroke is focused almost exclusively on self-care activities and being able to return home and has little to no focus on work rehabilitation or community reintegration. The Cognitive Rehabilitation Research Group (CRRG) at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis was formed with the vision of improving everyday life for people after stroke by translating knowledge from neuroscience into treatment programs for productive living. Descriptive analysis of the intake assessment from the CRRG Clinical Core (N = 7,740) revealed three important findings: The age at stroke is decreasing, most strokes are neurologically mild to moderate in nature, and discharge placement decisions are being made largely on the basis of measures of impairment. The changes in the stroke population require occupational therapy to expand rehabilitation beyond the acute management of stroke to address full participation in work, family, and community life.
The Development of Bioactive Glass‐Ceramic Substrates with Biocide Activity
Authors: Cabal Belén , Malpartida Francisco , Torrecillas Ramón , Hoppe Alexander , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Moya J. Serafín 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe biocide efficiency of bioactive 45S5 Bioglass® derived glass‐ceramic substrates against common Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and also against yeast, is investigated in this study. The results confirm the high bactericidal capacity of this material. Inorganic coatings containing silver nanoparticles on glass‐ceramic substrates are developed in order to ascertain whether the presence of silver enhances the biocide activity. It is found that a coating made of soda‐glass containing silver nanoparticles does not improve the antifungal properties of the 45S5 Bioglass® derived glass‐ceramic substrates.
Drag reduction phenomenon in viscous oil‐water dispersed pipe flow: Experimental investigation and phenomenological modeling
Authors: Rodriguez I. H. , B.Yamaguti H. K. , de Castro M. S. , Da Silva M. J. , Rodriguez O. M. H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn experimental study on drag‐reduction phenomenon in dispersed oil‐water flow has been performed in a 26‐mm‐i.d. Twelve meter long horizontal glass pipe. The flow was characterized using a novel wire‐mesh sensor based on capacitance measurements and high‐speed video recording. New two‐phase pressure gradient, volume fraction, and phase distribution data have been used in the analysis. Drag reduction and slip ratio were detected at oil volume fractions between 10 and 45% and high mixture Reynolds numbers, and with water as the dominant phase. Phase‐fraction distribution diagrams and cross‐sectional imaging of the flow suggested the presence of a higher amount of water near to the pipe wall. Based on that, a phenomenology for explaining drag reduction in dispersed flow in a flow situation where slip ratio is significant is proposed. A simple phenomenological model is developed and the agreement between model predictions and data, including data from the literature, is encouraging. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDisease overview: Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS).Diagnosis: The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data.Risk‐adapted therapy: Tumor, node, metastasis, and blood (TNMB) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a “risk‐adapted,” multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin‐directed therapies is preferred, as both disease‐specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced‐stage disease with significant nodal, visceral, or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic‐response modifiers, denileukin diftitox, and histone deacetylase inhibitors before escalating therapy to include systemic, single‐agent chemotherapy. Multiagent chemotherapy may be used for those patients with extensive visceral involvement requiring rapid disease control. In highly‐selected patients with disease refractory to standard treatments, allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation may be considered. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The potential role of pre‐transplant HBcIgG seroposivity as predictor of clinically relevant cytomegalovirus infection in patients with lymphoma undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A study from the Rome Transplant Network
Authors: Marchesi Francesco , Giannotti Federica , Avvisati Giuseppe , Petti Maria Concetta , Pimpinelli Fulvia , Paba Pierpaolo , Dessanti Maria Laura , Cerretti Raffaella , Tirindelli Maria Cristina , Picardi Alessandra , D'Andrea Mariella , Spadea Antonio , Ensoli Fabrizio , Perno Carlo Federico , Mengarelli Andrea , Arcese William 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDespite the increased use of intensive immunosuppressive chemo‐immunotherapies in patients with lymphoma observed in the last decade, current data on cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following autologous stem cell transplantation (Auto‐SCT) are very limited. To address this peculiar aspect, a retrospective study on a cohort of 128 adult patients consecutively transplanted for lymphoma in three Hematology Institutions was performed with the aim to determine the incidence of and the risk factors for CMV symptomatic infection and/or end‐organ disease. Sixteen patients (12.5%) required specific antiviral therapy and 4/16 died (25%); transplant‐related mortality (TRM) was significantly influenced by CMV infection (P = 0.005). In univariate analysis, a pre‐transplant HBcIgG seropositivity, HBV infection according to clinical–virological definitions, a pre‐transplant Rituximab treatment, a diagnosis of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and age at transplant were significantly associated with the risk of developing a clinically relevant CMV infection. In multivariate analysis, only a pre‐transplant HBcIgG seropositivity (P = 0.008) proved to be an independent predictor of a clinically relevant CMV infection. These results suggest that a pre‐transplant HBcIgG seropositivity could be considered as an independent predictor factor of clinically relevant CMV infection after Auto‐SCT. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: The oldest pliopithecid record in the Iberian Peninsula based on new material from the Vallès‐Penedès Basin
Authors: Alba David M. , Moyà‐Solà Salvador , Robles Josep M. , Galindo Jordi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHere, we report on an isolated pliopithecid M3/ (IPS35028) from locality ACM/C3‐B2 (12.0 Ma, MN7) of the late Middle Miocene stratigraphic series of Abocador de Can Mata (ACM, Vallès‐Penedès Basin, NE Iberian Peninsula). This tooth is about 0.2 million years older than the remains of Pliopithecus canmatensis (11.8–11.7 ma), recorded from several localities from the ACM series. The unusual occlusal features of IPS35028, together with the lack of homologous material for several pliopithecid species, preclude a precise taxonomic attribution of the C3‐B2 specimen, which does not fit the morphology of any known pliopithecid M3/. In particular, although an attribution to P. canmatensis would seem reasonable on the basis of size, identical geographic provenance, and similar age, the morphology of IPS35028 appears too primitive compared to the M1/ and M2/ of the former taxon. Instead, the C3‐B2 pliopithecid displays several primitive features shared with the dionysopithecine Dionysopithecus and the pliopithecine Pliopithecus piveteaui. It therefore seems more likely that IPS35028 represents a previously unknown pliopithecid taxon, although a formal taxonomic recognition of its probable distinct status is not advisable, given the scarcity of the currently available material. Alternatively, this taxon might be more closely related to small‐bodied African catarrhines (such as dendropithecids). However, the morphology of the ACM specimen is not particularly similar to that of the M3/ of these African taxa. Hence, based on age and geographic provenance, an attribution of IPS35028 to the Pliopithecidae is favored here. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dependence of bituminous coal gasification on pressure in a turbulent circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Duan Feng , Zhang Lihui , Huang Yaji 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe concept of high‐temperature air/steam‐blown gasification technology to convert coal into fuel gas for power generation is proposed and evaluated. The effect of the pressure on coal gasification characteristics is studied experimentally by using a pressurized turbulent circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The results show that the product quality is improved at higher pressure because of the better fluidization in the reactor. Coal gasification at a higher pressure shows advantages in higher heating value (HHV) and carbon conversion. The HHV is increased by 16.6% when the pressure is increased from 0.1 to 0.3 MPa. The increase of the pressure increases the carbon conversion from 57.52% to 76.76%. In addition, dry gas yield and cold gas efficiency increase while the carbon content of fly ash decreases with the increase of pressure. Optimum operating pressure range exists for this specific CFB coal gasification process. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triply‐responsive (thermo/light/pH) copolymeric hydrogel of N‐isopropylacrylamide with an azobenzene‐containing monomer
Authors: Li Lixia , Xing Xiaodong , Liu Zuliang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of triply‐responsive copolymer hydrogel was firstly synthesized via free radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide, 4‐[(4‐(acryloyloxy)ethoxy) phenylazo]benzoic acid (AEPAZA), a water‐soluble azobenzene‐containing comonomer, and crosslinker. The properties of the hydrogel were subsequently investigated by UV‐Vis absorption spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and gravimetry. UV‐Vis spectra showed that the copolymer hydrogel had a reasonable tran–cis photoisomerization rate upon UV irradiation and a relatively slow recovery rate in dark. The critical solution temperature (CST) of the copolymer hydrogel decreased with increasing of AEPAZA content and subsequently shifted higher value after UV irradiation. Meanwhile, the phase transitions profile became slower and broader with the incorporation of AEPAZA, which could be partly counterbalanced by UV irradiation. The CST could also be affected by the pH value of buffer solution. In addition, equilibrium swelling behavior clearly showed that the swelling ratio could be modulated by temperature, light, and pH. These stimuli‐responsive properties should be very important for controlled release delivery system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Polylactide/clay nanocomposites: A fresh look into the in situ polymerization process
Authors: Silvino Alexandre Carneiro , de Souza Kenia Santos , Dahmouche Karim , Dias Marcos Lopes 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolylactide nanocomposites with organo‐modified montmorillonite presenting a high degree of clay exfoliation were prepared via in situ polymerization by using an improved methodology. The morphology of the nanocomposites was studied by WAXD and SAXS. The size distribution of clay aggregates in the polylactide matrices was quantitatively determined by SAXS applying the stacked‐disk model. The analyses show high degree of delamination of the silicate yielding exfoliated polylactide nanocomposites even at high concentration of clay (>10 wt %). L‐lactide conversions measured by ATR‐FTIR were determined to be no less than 94% after 3 h of reaction in all polymerizations. DSC measurements were performed to study the influence of the clay content on the thermal behavior of the prepared nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of Some New Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract4,6‐Dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐3‐amine (1) was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of imidazolopyrazole derivatives 7–11 upon interaction with 3‐(2‐bromoacetyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (2), 2‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐chloro‐3‐oxobutanenitrile (3), 2,3‐dibromonaphthalene‐1,4‐dione (4), naphtha[2,3‐b]oxirene‐2,7‐dione (5), 2,5‐dichloro‐3,6‐dihydroxyhexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione (6), respectively. Acetylation of 11 afforded the bis‐acetyl 12. Also, the imidazolopyrimidine 15 was prepared via treatment of 1 with sodium 3,4‐dioxo‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalene‐1‐sulfonate (13) in DMF followed by cyclization of the bis‐pyrazolopyrimidine 14 with glacial acetic acid. On the other hand, compound 1 was reacted with (E)‐1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)pent‐1‐en‐3‐one hydrochloride (16), 2‐hydroxy‐3‐((piperidin‐1‐yl)‐methyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4‐dione (17), 2‐styryl‐2H‐indene‐1,3‐dione (18), enaminone 22, chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde 27a, chloroquinoline‐(6‐methyl)‐3‐carbaldehyde 27b and 5‐chloro‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde (28) to afford pyrazolo[3,4‐a]pyrimidines 19–21, 23, 29a, 29b and 30, respectively. Also, the pyrazolopyrimidinone 33 was obtained via treatment of 1 with 1‐cyanoacetyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (31) followed by cyclization of the formed intermediate 32 with glacial acetic acid. Finally, treatment of 1 with o‐terephthalaldehyde in glacial acetic acid afforded diazepine 34. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant properties in which some of them exhibited promising activities. Compounds 1, 14, 15, 23, 26, 29a, 30 and 32 have the ability to protect DNA from the damage induced by bleomycin.
The dynamic features of Delicious, Flickr, and YouTube
Authors: Lin Nan , Li Daifeng , Ding Ying , He Bing , Qin Zheng , Tang Jie , Li Juanzi , Dong Tianxi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the dynamic features of social tagging vocabularies in Delicious, Flickr, and YouTube from 2003 to 2008. Three algorithms are designed to study the macro‐ and micro‐tag growth as well as the dynamics of taggers' activities, respectively. Moreover, we propose a Tagger Tag Resource Latent Dirichlet Allocation (TTR‐LDA) model to explore the evolution of topics emerging from those social vocabularies. Our results show that (a) at the macro level, tag growth in all the three tagging systems obeys power law distribution with exponents lower than 1; at the micro level, the tag growth of popular resources in all three tagging systems follows a similar power law distribution; (b) the exponents of tag growth vary in different evolving stages of resources; (c) the growth of number of taggers associated with different popular resources presents a feature of convergence over time; (d) the active level of taggers has a positive correlation with the macro‐tag growth of different tagging systems; and (e) some topics evolve into several subtopics over time while others experience relatively stable stages in which their contents do not change much, and certain groups of taggers continue their interests in them.
Adaptive dynamic surface control of a hypersonic flight vehicle with improved tracking
Authors: Butt Waseem Aslam , Yan Lin , Kendrick Amezquita S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis work presents a nonlinear adaptive dynamic surface air speed and a flight path angle control design procedure for the longitudinal dynamics of a generic hypersonic flight vehicle. The proposed design scheme takes into account the magnitude, rate, and bandwidth constraints on the actuator signals. A new approach is used to enhance tracking performance and avoid a large initial control signal. The uncertain nonlinear functions in the flight vehicle model are approximated by using radial basis function neural networks. A detailed stability analysis of the designed controllers shows that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. The robust performance of the design scheme is verified through numerical simulations of the flight vehicle model for various parameter variation test cases.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Liquid crystal models of biological materials and silk spinning
Authors: Rey Alejandro D. , Herrera‐Valencia Edtson E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA review of thermodynamic, materials science, and rheological liquid crystal models is presented and applied to a wide range of biological liquid crystals, including helicoidal plywoods, biopolymer solutions, and in vivo liquid crystals. The distinguishing characteristics of liquid crystals (self‐assembly, packing, defects, functionalities, processability) are discussed in relation to biological materials and the strong correspondence between different synthetic and biological materials is established. Biological polymer processing based on liquid crystalline precursors includes viscoelastic flow to form and shape fibers. Viscoelastic models for nematic and chiral nematics are reviewed and discussed in terms of key parameters that facilitate understanding and quantitative information from optical textures and rheometers. It is shown that viscoelastic modeling the silk spinning process using liquid crystal theories sheds light on textural transitions in the duct of spiders and silk worms as well as on tactoidal drops and interfacial structures. The range and consistency of the predictions demonstrates that the use of mesoscopic liquid crystal models is another tool to develop the science and biomimetic applications of mesogenic biological soft matter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 374–396, 2012.
Identification and characterization of stressed degradation products of metoprolol using LC/Q‐TOF‐ESI‐MS/MS and MSn experiments
Authors: Borkar Roshan M. , Raju B. , Srinivas R. , Patel Prashant , Shetty Satheesh Kumar 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA rapid, specific and reliable isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/Q‐TOF‐ESI‐MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the identification and characterization of stressed degradation products of metoprolol. Metoprolol, an anti‐hypertensive drug, was subjected to hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline and neutral), oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress, as per ICH‐specified conditions. The drug showed extensive degradation under oxidative and hydrolysis (acid and base) stress conditions. However, it was stable to thermal, neutral and photolysis stress conditions. A total of 14 degradation products were observed and the chromatographic separation of the drug and its degradation products was achieved on a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). To characterize degradation products, initially the mass spectral fragmentation pathway of the drug was established with the help of MS/MS, MSn and accurate mass measurements. Similarly, fragmentation pattern and accurate masses of the degradation products were established by subjecting them to LC‐MS/QTOF analysis. Structure elucidation of degradation products was achieved by comparing their fragmentation pattern with that of the drug. The degradation products DP2 (m/z 153) and DP14 (m/z 236) were matched with impurity B, listed in European Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia, and impurity I, respectively. The LC‐MS method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPLC enantioresolution of (R,S)‐baclofen using three newly synthesized dichloro‐s‐triazine reagents having amines and five others having amino acids as chiral auxiliaries
Authors: Bhushan Ravi , Dixit Shuchi 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTEnantioresolution of (R,S)‐baclofen was accomplished using a newly synthesized set of three chiral derivatizing reagents (CDRs) having amines [(S)‐(−)‐α,4‐dimethylbenzylamine, (−)‐cis‐myrtanylamine and (R)‐(−)‐1‐cyclohexylethylamine] as chiral auxiliaries in cyanuric chloride and another set of five CDRs having amino acids (l‐Leu, d‐Phg, l‐Val, l‐Met and l‐Ala) as chiral auxiliaries. These eight CDRs were used for synthesis of diastereomers of (R,S)‐baclofen under microwave irradiation. The diastereomers were separated on a reversed‐phase C18 column using mixtures of methanol with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid with UV detection at 230 nm. Chromatographic data obtained for the two sets of diastereomers were compared among themselves and among the two groups. The method was validated for limit of detection, linearity, accuracy and precision. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of saikosaponins in rat plasma by anionic adducts‐based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Xu Lei , Song Rui , Tian Ji‐Xin , Tian Yuan , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Zhang Zun‐Jian 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSaikosaponins (SSs) are a class of triterpene saponins with a wide spectrum of bioactivities. A sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of saikosaponin a, saikosaponin c, saikosaponin d and saikosaponin b2 in rat plasma. Plasma samples were prepared by liquid–liquid extraction. The analytes and the internal standard (IS) digoxin were well separated on an octadecyl column using gradient elution and analyzed by monitoring the fragmentation transition pair of anionic adducts to deprotonated molecules in negative‐mode electrospray. By neutral loss of HCOOH, the transition pairs of m/z 825 → 779 for SSa, SSd, SSb2 and the IS, and m/z 971 → 925 for SSc were sensitive for MS/MS detection with the lower limits of quantification in the range of 0.20–0.40 ng/mL. Method validation experiments were performed, including selectivity, precision, accuracy, linearity, matrix effect, recovery and stability. The validated method was further applied to determine the pharmacokinetics parameters of SSa, c and d in rats following a single oral administration of the extract of chaihu (the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR and MRI of Blood‐Dissolved Hyperpolarized Xe‐129 in Different Hollow‐Fiber Membranes
Authors: Amor Nadia , Hamilton Kathrin , Küppers Markus , Steinseifer Ulrich , Appelt Stephan , Blümich Bernhard , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMagnetic resonance of hyperpolarized 129Xe has found a wide field of applications in the analysis of biologically relevant fluids. Recently, it has been shown that the dissolution of hyperpolarized gas into the fluid via hollow‐fiber membranes leads to bubble‐free 129Xe augmentation, and thus to an enhanced signal. In addition, hollow‐fiber membranes permit a continuous operation mode. Herein, a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy analysis of a customized hollow‐fiber membrane module is presented. Different commercial hollow‐fiber membrane types are compared with regard to their 129Xe dissolution efficiency into porcine blood, its constituents, and other fluids. The presented study gives new insight into the suitability of these hollow‐fiber membrane types for hyperpolarized gas dissolution setups.