bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of long-term administration of carprofen on healing of a tibial osteotomy in dogs
Authors: Ochi Hiroki , Hara Yasushi , Asou Yoshinori , Harada Yasuji , Nezu Yoshinori , Yogo Takuya , Shinomiya Kenichi , Tagawa Masahiro 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of long-term administration of carprofen on healing of a tibial osteotomy in dogs.
Animals—12 healthy female Beagles.
Procedures—A mid-diaphyseal transverse osteotomy (stabilized with an intramedullary pin) of the right tibia was performed in each dog. The carprofen group (n = 6 dogs) received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 120 days; the control group (6) received no treatment. Bone healing and change in callus area were assessed radiographically over time. Dogs were euthanized 120 days after surgery, and tibiae were evaluated biomechanically and histologically.
Results—The osteotomy line was not evident in the control group on radiographs obtained 120 days after surgery. In contrast, the osteotomy line was still evident in the carprofen group. Callus area was significantly less in the carprofen group, compared with the area in the control group, at 20, 30, and 60 days after surgery. At 120 days after surgery, stiffness, elastic modulus, and flexural rigidity in the carprofen group were significantly lower than corresponding values in the control group. Furthermore, histologic evaluation revealed that the cartilage area within the callus in the carprofen group was significantly greater than that in the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Long-term administration of carprofen appeared to inhibit bone healing in dogs that underwent tibial osteotomy. We recommend caution for carprofen administration when treating fractures that have delays in healing associated with a reduction in osteogenesis as well as fractures associated with diseases that predispose animals to delays of osseous repair.
Evaluation of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a diagnostic marker of various stages of cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: Wess Gerhard , Butz Verena , Mahling Monia , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations in Doberman Pinschers in various stages of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
Animals—328 Doberman Pinschers.
Procedures—Staging of DCM was determined via analysis of results of physical examinations, 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) recordings, and echocardiographic evaluations. Plasma samples for NT-proBNP assays were obtained at each examination. Concentrations of NT-proBNP were measured in 337 samples obtained from 196 healthy Doberman Pinschers (control dogs) and in 195 samples obtained from 132 Doberman Pinschers in various stages of DCM. These included dogs that had ventricular premature contractions (VPCs; 79 samples), echocardiographic changes (23 samples), or both (51 samples); 16 samples were from dogs with overt DCM, and 26 were from dogs that were considered normal during initial examination but developed DCM within 1.5 years after this assessment. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed to determine sensitivity and specificity of NT-proBNP concentrations for detection of DCM.
Results—NT-proBNP concentrations in dogs that had or developed DCM were significantly higher than those of control dogs. Sensitivity and specificity of NT-proBNP concentrations (cutoff value, > 400 pmol/L) to detect all stages of DCM were 81.1 % and 75.0%, respectively; sensitivity was 90.0% and specificity was 75.0% to predict echocardiographic changes. Specificity to detect echocardiographic changes was 90.4% at a cutoff value of 550 pmol/L.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP were increased in dogs with DCM and in apparently healthy dogs that developed DCM within 1.5 years after samples were obtained, compared with concentrations in control dogs.
Comparison of echocardiographic indices of myocardial strain with invasive measurements of left ventricular systolic function in anesthetized healthy dogs
Authors: Culwell Nicole M. , Bonagura John D. , Schober Karsten E. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare echocardiographic indices of myocardial strain with invasive measurements of left ventricular (LV) systolic function in anesthetized healthy dogs.
Animals—7 healthy dogs.
Procedures—In each anesthetized dog, preload and inotropic conditions were manipulated sequentially to induce 6 hemodynamic states; in each state, longitudinal, radial, and global strains and strain rate (SR), derived via 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiography, were evaluated along with conventional echocardiographic indices of LV function and maximum rate of rise (first derivative) of LV systolic pressure (LV+dp/dtmax). Catheter-derived and echocardiographic data were acquired simultaneously. Partial and semipartial correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the correlation between LV+dp/dtmax and each echocardiographic variable. Global longitudinal strain was compared with conventional echocardiographic indices via partial correlation analysis.
Results—All myocardial segments could be analyzed in all dogs. Significant semipartial correlations were identified between conventional echocardiographic strain indices and LV+dp/dtmax. Correlation coefficients for longitudinal deformation and global strain, segmental longitudinal strain, and segmental SR were −0.773, −0.562 to −0.786, and −0.777 to −0.875, respectively. Correlation coefficients for radial segments and strain or SR were 0.654 to 0.811 and 0.748 to 0.775, respectively. Correlation coefficients for traditional echocardiographic indices and LV+dp/dtmax (−0.586 to 0.821) and semipartial correlation coefficients for global strain and echocardiographic indices of LV systolic function (−0.656 [shortening fraction], −0.726 [shortening area], and −0.744 [ejection fraction]) were also significant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that LV systolic function can be predicted by myocardial strain and SR derived via 2-D speckle-tracking echocardiographic analysis in anesthetized healthy dogs.
Evaluation of the effects of pregnancy on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose dynamics in Thoroughbred mares
Authors: George Lindsey A. , Staniar W. Burton , Cubitt Tania A. , Treiber Kibby H. , Harris Patricia A. , Geor Raymond J. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the effects of pregnancy on insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose dynamics in pasture-maintained mares fed supplemental feeds of differing energy composition.
Animals—Pregnant (n = 22) and nonpregnant (10) healthy Thoroughbred mares.
Procedures—Pregnant and nonpregnant mares underwent frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests at 2 times (period 1, 25 to 31 weeks of gestation; period 2, 47 weeks of gestation). Following period 1 measurements, mares were provided a high-starch (HS; 39% starch) or high-fat and -fiber (14% fat and 70% fiber) supplemental feed. From a subset of mares (n = 12), blood samples were collected hourly for 24 hours to assess glycemic and insulinemic response to feeding while pastured. The minimal model of glucose and insulin dynamics was used to estimate SI, glucose effectiveness, and acute insulin response to glucose from tolerance testing data.
Results—Pregnant mares during period 1 had a lower SI and glucose effectiveness and higher acute insulin response to glucose than did nonpregnant mares. The SI value decreased in nonpregnant but not pregnant mares from periods 1 to 2. Pregnant mares fed HS feed had a greater glycemic and insulinemic response to feeding than did any other group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pregnant mares had slower glucose clearance and greater insulin secretion at 28 weeks of gestation than did nonpregnant mares. Glucose and insulin responses to meal feeding, particularly with HS feed, were greater in pregnant mares, indicating that pregnancy enhanced the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic effects of starch-rich feed supplements.
Effects of powdered whole grapefruit and metoclopramide on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine in dogs
Authors: Radwanski Noel E. , Cerundolo Rosario , Shofer Frances S. , Hanley Michael J. , Court Michael H. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether oral administration of metoclopramide or a commercially available powdered whole grapefruit (PWG) nutraceutical in combination with cyclosporine enhances systemic availability of cyclosporine in dogs.
Sample—8 healthy mixed-breed dogs in part 1 and 6 of these 8 dogs in part 2.
Procedures—Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics were determined over the course of 24 hours after oral administration of cyclosporine (5 mg/kg) alone, cyclosporine with metoclopramide (0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg), cyclosporine with 2 g of PWG, or cyclosporine combined with both metoclopramide and 2 g of PWG by use of a Latin square crossover study with a 14-day washout period between treatments. Sixty days later, 6 of the 8 dogs were given 10 g of PWG followed by cyclosporine, and pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those previously obtained after administration of cyclosporine alone.
Results—Although metoclopramide or coadministration of metoclopramide and 2 g of PWG had no effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of cyclosporine, compared with results for cyclosporine alone, the higher (10-g) dose of PWG resulted in 29% faster mean time to maximal plasma cyclosporine concentration, 54% larger area under the curve, and 38% lower apparent oral clearance.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Adjustment of the cyclosporine dose may not be needed when metoclopramide is coadministered orally to prevent common adverse effects of cyclosporine. Powdered whole grapefruit has the potential to reduce the required orally administered dose of cyclosporine but only when PWG is used in an amount (at least 10 g) that is currently not cost-effective.
Comparison of results for weight-adjusted and fixed-amount bronchoalveolar lavage techniques in healthy Beagles
Authors: Melamies Marika A. , Järvinen Anna-Kaisa , Seppälä Kati M. , Rita Hannu J. , Rajamäki Minna M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare recovery of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by use of weight-adjusted or fixed-amount volumes of lavage fluid in dogs.
Animals—13 healthy Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs were allocated to 2 groups. In 1 group, the right caudal lung lobe was lavaged on the basis of each dog's weight (2 mL/kg, divided into 2 aliquots) and the left caudal lung lobe was lavaged with a fixed amount of fluid (50 mL/dog, divided into 2 aliquots). In the second group, the right and left caudal lung lobes were lavaged by use of the fixed-amount and weight-adjusted techniques, respectively. The BALF was collected by use of bronchoscopy. A recovery percentage ≥ 40% was required. The proportion of ELF was calculated by use of the following equation: (concentration of urea in BALF/concentration of urea in serum) × 100.
Results—Mean ± SD proportion of ELF in BALF was 2.28 ± 0.39% for the weight-adjusted technique and 2.89 ± 0.89% for the fixed-amount technique. The SDs between these 2 techniques differed significantly (calculated by comparing 2 covariance structures [unstructured and compound symmetry] in a repeated-measures mixed ANOVA).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The findings strongly suggested that use of a weight-adjusted bronchoalveolar lavage technique provided a more uniform ELF recovery, compared with that for a fixed-amount bronchoalveolar lavage technique, when urea was used as a marker of dilution. A constant ELF fraction can facilitate more accurate comparisons of cellular and noncellular constituents in BALF among patients of various sizes.
Representations of the veterinary profession in nonfiction children's books
Authors: Amass Sandra F. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate how the veterinary profession is represented in nonfiction children's books and determine whether representations reflect the current veterinary profession or the demographics of the United States.
Design—Survey.
Sample—Covers of 46 nonfiction children's books and contents of 45 nonfiction children's books.
Procedures—Book covers and book contents (images and text) were evaluated for representations of veterinarians and to identify settings, clients, technology and equipment, and animals portrayed. Book contents were additionally evaluated to identify specialties and career opportunities specifically mentioned in the text.
Results—Book covers predominantly portrayed veterinarians as Caucasian women who wore examination coats, worked alone in veterinary clinics, and cared for dogs without a client present. Book contents predominantly portrayed veterinarians as a Caucasian man or woman who wore an examination coat, worked as part of a team in a veterinary clinic, and helped clients care for dogs, cats, and exotic animals. Specialties and career opportunities in the veterinary profession were mentioned in the text of 29 of 45 (64.4%) books.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Nonfiction children's book covers that focused on the veterinary profession portrayed a greater percentage of women than is currently found in the profession. Similarly, books portrayed a greater percentage of Caucasians than in the current or predicted US population. With the exception of Asians, books collectively represented lower or similar percentages of underrepresented minorities, compared with the US population. Veterinarians are encouraged to select books for individual children that portray veterinarians with whom the children can identify.
Demographic differences between urban feeding groups of neutered and sexually intact free-roaming cats following a trap-neuter-return procedure
Authors: Gunther Idit , Finkler Hilit , Terkel Joseph 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To examine demographic differences during a 1-year observational period between urban feeding groups of neutered and unneutered free-roaming cats following a trap-neuter-return procedure.
Design—Natural-setting trial.
Animals—Free-roaming adult cats (n = 184) and kittens (76) living in 4 feeding groups in an urban region of Israel.
Procedures—Cats in 2 feeding groups were subjected to a trap-neuter-return (TNR) procedure. Cats in 2 other feeding groups were untreated. Data were collected on a weekly basis before and during feeding time over a 1-year period. Following individual cat identification, presence of adults and kittens was recorded throughout the year. Rates of immigration, emigration, and kitten survival were compared between neutered and unneutered groups.
Results—The number of adult cats in the 2 neutered groups increased significantly during the study period because of higher immigration and lower emigration rates than in the unneutered groups, in which the number decreased. In the neutered groups, annual presence of neutered cats was significantly higher than that of sexually intact cats. Kitten survival in the neutered groups was significantly higher than in the unneutered groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Targeting the TNR method mainly at feeding groups in urban residential neighbourhoods may result in increased group size, as a consequence of 2 major changes in group dynamics: sexually intact cats immigrate into the neutered groups more readily and neutered cats reduce their emigration rates, possibly because of a reduction in reproductive and competitive pressures. To maintain a high proportion of neutered cats in such cat groups, persistent TNR campaigns are therefore necessary.
Behavioral differences between urban feeding groups of neutered and sexually intact free-roaming cats following a trap-neuter-return procedure
Authors: Finkler Hilit , Gunther Idit , Terkel Joseph 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To examine behavioral differences during a 1-year observational period between urban feeding groups of neutered and sexually intact free-roaming cats following a trap-neuter-return procedure.
Design—Natural-setting trial.
Animals—Free-roaming cats (n = 184) living in 4 feeding groups in an urban region of Israel.
Procedures—Trap-neuter-return procedures were applied to 2 cat feeding groups (A and B). Their social and feeding behaviors and frequency of appearance at feeding time were compared with those of 2 unneutered cat groups (C and D). Behavioral data were obtained from weekly observations before and during feeding over a 1-year period.
Results—A lower rate of agonistic interactions was observed in the neutered groups than in the unneutered groups. Sexually intact male cats participated in more agonistic male-male encounters than did neutered male cats. Of 199 such encounters in the feeding groups, only 1 occurred between 2 neutered males. Neutered cats in group A appeared earlier and had higher frequencies of feeding and appearance at the feeding site, compared with unneutered cats.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Less aggression was observed in the neutered groups, specifically, fewer agonistic neutered-neutered male encounters occurred. This reduced agonistic behavior of neutered males resulted in reduced fighting and vocalizations, potentially leading to fewer injuries and reduced transmission of fight-related infectious diseases and reduced noise disturbance from a human perspective. Regarding food delivery, the feeding groups were time-and-place dependent, exhibiting context-related social interactions. When competing for food resources, as neutered cats time their arrival in accordance with food delivery, they thereby gain access to the choicest items.
Evaluation of dexmedetomidine and ketamine in combination with opioids as injectable anesthesia for castration in dogs
Authors: Barletta Michele , Austin Brenda R. , Ko Jeff C. , Payton Mark E. , Weil Ann B. , Inoue Tomohito 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare efficacy and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine in combination with butorphanol, hydromorphone, or buprenorphine (with or without reversal by atipamezole) in dogs undergoing castration.
Design—Prospective, randomized, split-plot, blinded study.
Animals—30 healthy client-owned sexually intact male dogs.
Procedures—Dogs (n = 10 dogs/group) were assigned to receive dexmedetomidine (15 μg/kg [6.82 μg/lb]) and ketamine (3 mg/kg [1.36 mg/lb]) with butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg [0.09 mg/lb]; DKBut), the same dosages of dexmedetomidine and ketamine with hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg [0.023 mg/lb]; DKH), or the same dosages of dexmedetomidine and ketamine with buprenorphine (40 μg/kg [18.18 μg/lb]; DKBup). All drugs were administered as a single IM injection for induction and maintenance of anesthesia for castration. At conclusion of the surgery, 5 dogs in each treatment group received atipamezole (150 μg/kg [68.18 μg/lb], IM), and the remainder received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution IM. Cardiorespiratory variables and quality of anesthesia were assessed. Supplemental isoflurane was administered to the dogs when anesthesia was considered inadequate during surgery.
Results—All drug combinations rapidly induced anesthesia. Dogs were intubated within 10 minutes after injection. Supplemental isoflurane was needed during surgery in 1, 3, and 4 dogs in the DKBup, DKBut, and DKH groups, respectively. Dogs that received atipamezole had a significantly shorter recovery time. Some dogs in each group had bradycardia and hypoxemia with hypertension.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—DKBup was the most suitable injectable anesthetic combination used. Recovery was shortened by IM administration of atipamezole. There were minimal adverse effects in all groups.
Surgical treatment of medial patellar luxation without femoral trochlear groove deepening procedures in dogs: 91 cases (1998–2009)
Authors: Linney William R. , Hammer Douglas L. , Shott Susan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess signalment, outcomes, and complications for dogs surgically treated for medial patellar luxation (MPL) with a combination of lateral retinacular imbrication and tibial crest transposition procedures without femoral trochlear groove deepening techniques, and to determine whether osteoarthritis progressed in these patients during the 8-week period following surgery.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—91 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, clinical history, unilateral versus bilateral disease, preoperative and postoperative MPL grades, duration of follow-up, and perioperative and postoperative complications. Radiographs obtained preoperatively and during 8-week follow-up examinations were reviewed and assigned degenerative joint disease (DJD) scores (range, 0 to 3). Data were analyzed to determine factors influencing outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for recurrence of MPL.
Results—Minor postoperative complications were reported for 31 of 91 (34.1%) dogs. Patellar reluxation occurred in 18 of 91 (19.8%) dogs. Reluxation or complications for which additional surgery was recommended developed in 6 of 91 (6.6%) dogs. At last clinical follow-up, 10 of 91 (11.0%) dogs had at least occasional lameness. No difference was revealed between preoperative and postoperative (8-week follow-up) radiographic DJD scores.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of surgical treatment of MPL without femoral trochlear groove deepening procedures were comparable to those in studies of surgical treatment that included groove deepening procedures. Radiographic indices of DJD did not increase during the 8 weeks following surgery. These results suggest that trochlear groove deepening procedures are not always necessary, and patients that undergo these techniques should be carefully selected.
Successful replacement of an obstructed ureter with an ileal graft in a cat
Authors: Brourman Jeff D. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 10-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with a 1-week history of vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia was examined.
Clinical Findings—Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography revealed that calculi and a nonpatent stricture obstructed the right ureter, which resulted in secondary dilatation of the ureter proximal to the obstruction and severe hydronephrosis. The left kidney was small and suspected to be failing. Concentrations of BUN and creatinine were elevated. Despite administration of fluids, azotemia persisted.
Treatment and Outcome—Surgery was performed. The obstructed right ureter was replaced with a vascularized segment of ileum. Azotemia resolved, and the cat improved with regard to clinical signs. The cat was clinically normal for > 36 months after the surgery.
Clinical Relevance—An ileal graft can successfully be used as a surgical option for ureteral obstruction in cats.