bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Child Development Accounts Promote Account Holding, Saving, and Asset Accumulation for Children's Future? Evidence from a Statewide Randomized Experiment
Authors: Nam Yunju , Kim Youngmi , Clancy Margaret , Zager Robert , Sherraden Michael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of Child Development Accounts (CDAs) on account holding, saving, and asset accumulation for children, using data from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids experiment (SEED OK). SEED OK, a policy test of universal and progressive CDAs, provides a 529 college savings plan account to every infant in the treatment group with automatic account opening and an initial deposit. SEED OK also encourages treatment participants to open their own 529 accounts with an account opening incentive and a savings match. Using a sample of infants randomly selected from birth records (N = 2,670) and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups, this study runs probit and ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions. Analyses show significant differences between treatment and control groups in all outcome measures in the targeted accounts. Nearly 100 percent of the treatment group accepted the automatically opened state‐owned account. Compared to 1 percent of the control group, 16 percent of the treatment group hold a participant‐owned account. On average, the treatment group has saved significantly larger amounts in participant‐owned accounts, although a difference in savings amount is modest between the two groups ($47 vs. $13). A difference in total 529 assets of $1,040 is estimated between the treatment and control groups. These early findings from SEED OK suggest that CDAs have positive effects on savings and asset accumulation for children's future development. Further research is required to test long‐term cost effectiveness of CDAs.
Pharmacotherapy for personality disorder—Prescribing practice at a high secure hospital: A preliminary report
Authors: D'Silva Karen , Chadwick Karen , Egleston Paul , Milton John , Ferriter Mike , Abdelrazek Tarek 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine the prescription of psychotropic medication for patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) detained at Rampton High Secure Hospital, compared with that for patients with a primary diagnosis of mental illness. The name and the dose of psychotropic medication prescribed for each patient in the sample, on 2 July 2010, were examined. Although nearly all patients with a primary diagnosis of mental illness were prescribed psychotropic medication (98%), the percentage within the Personality Disorder (73%) and the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder services (62%) was also high, with the most commonly prescribed drug being an antipsychotic in all groups. The dose of antipsychotic and mood‐stabilizing medication was lower for patients with a primary diagnosis of PD, and clozapine was the antipsychotic of choice for a significant proportion of these patients. Medication may have a key role to play in the management of some groups of patients with PD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of scoliosis in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Fainardi Valentina , Koo Sergio D. , Padley Simon P.G. , Lam Sonia H.Y. , Bush A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in the general pediatric population is reported to be between 0.5% and 3.2%. Previous studies have reported an increased prevalence of scoliosis in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).HypothesisThe prevalence of scoliosis in CF children is greater than in the normal population.MethodsChest X‐rays of 319 patients attending the Royal Brompton CF Centre were reviewed. The Cobb angle of any spinal lateral curvature was measured. Scoliosis was defined as a Cobb angle of more than 10°.ResultsMedian age of the whole group of patients was 10.9 years (range 1.1–18 years), 53% were females. Seven patients (2.2%) had radiological signs of scoliosis, their mean age was 14.5 ± 2.3 years (range: 11.5–18 years), 5 were females. Age at onset of scoliosis was between 5 and 10 years for three patients and over 10 years for the others. All the curves were thoracic and with right convexity: apices between T7 and T9 for the single curves (n = 5) and between T4 and T5 (n = 2) for the double curves.ConclusionCF patients showed a similar prevalence of scoliosis as in the normal population (2.2% vs. 0.5–3.2%). There was the same gender (female) and side (right‐sided) predilection as in normal population. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:553–555. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of split‐green fluorescent protein for topology mapping membrane proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Toddo Stephen , Söderström Bill , Palombo Isolde , von Heijne Gunnar , Nørholm Morten H. H. , Daley Daniel O. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA topology map of a membrane protein defines the location of transmembrane helices and the orientation of soluble domains relative to the membrane. In the absence of a high‐resolution structure, a topology map is an essential guide for studying structure–function relationships. Although these maps can be predicted directly from amino acid sequence, the predictions are more accurate if combined with experimental data, which are usually obtained by fusing a reporter protein to the C‐terminus of the protein. However, as reporter proteins are large, they cannot be used to report on the cytoplasmic/periplasmic location of the N‐terminus of a protein. Here, we show that the bimolecular split‐green fluorescent protein complementation system can overcome this limitation and can be used to determine the location of both the N‐ and C‐termini of inner membrane proteins in Escherichia coli.
2 MeV e‐irradiation UHVEM study on the impact of O and Ge doping on {113}‐defect formation in Si
Authors: Vanhellemont J. , Yasuda H. , Tokumoto Y. , Ohno Y. , Suezawa M. , Yonenaga I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFirst results are presented of a study on the impact of O and Ge doping on {113}‐defect formation in Si using in situ 2 MeV e‐irradiation in a high voltage electron microscope. Comparison with undoped Si, reveals a suppression of {113}‐defect formation due to O and Ge. The observations are discussed in the frame of a theoretical model assuming quasi‐chemical reactions to describe the intrinsic point defect behaviour during irradiation as a function of irradiation temperature and specimen thickness. It is shown that for irradiations at high temperatures, intrinsic point defect diffusivity values derived from crystal growth and metal diffusion experiments can be used to explain the observations semi‐quantitatively.
Facile fabrication of forest‐like ZnO hierarchical structures on conductive fabric substrate
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Kim Sunkook , Park Wook , Yu Jae Su 
Published: July 2012

AbstractForest‐like ZnO hierarchical structures were synthesized on the conductive fabric substrate via a simple one‐step electrochemical deposition process. By applying externally a high cathodic voltage to the samples, ZnO microrods were aligned on the seed coated layer and then ZnO branches were formed on the pillars of ZnO microrods, which was caused by the strong deposition potential between the pillars of ZnO microrods and the Zn2+ dissolved in growth solution. At the external cathodic voltage of –3 V, the optimized forest‐like ZnO hierarchical structures exhibited high density, high porosity, and good crystallinity. These fabricated forest‐like ZnO hierarchical structures are potentially useful for electronic and chemical sensing applications. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A route to transparent bulk metals
Authors: Schwingenschlögl U. , Schuster C. , Frésard R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHypothetical compounds based on a sapphire host are investigated with respect to their structural as well as electronic features. The results are obtained by electronic structure calculations within density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation. A quarter of the Al atoms in Al2O3 is replaced by a 4d transition metal M ion, with d0 to d9 electronic configuration. We perform structure optimizations for all the compounds and analyze the electronic states. Due to the sizeable band gap of the Al2O3 host, we can identify promising candidates for transparent bulk metals. We explain the mechanisms leading to this combination of materials properties. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Absorption‐mode spectra on the dynamically harmonized Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance cell
Authors: Qi Yulin , Witt Matthias , Jertz Roland , Baykut Gökhan , Barrow Mark P. , Nikolaev Eugene N. , O'Connor Peter B. 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEThe recently designed dynamically harmonized Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) cell creates a more harmonized electric field for the detection of the cyclotron motion of ions and prolongs the ion transient from seconds to minutes. In order to achieve its best performance, phase correction was applied in the spectra, and new advantages of the absorption‐mode were revealed.METHODSSpectra were acquired from both simple standard and complex mixtures using either narrowband or broadband mode, and the data were processed to compare the performance of the spectra in magnitude and absorption‐mode.RESULTSThe research shows that phase correction works well with data from Nikolaev's new cell, which produces the maximum improvement in resolving power (2×), and improves the match with the theoretical intensities of the isotopic peaks. In addition, the harmonic peaks can be diagnosed immediately in the absorption‐mode.CONCLUSIONSThe manuscript demonstrates absorption‐mode spectra from Nikolaev's ICR cell, which will be of interest to the community. The improved relative peak intensities and immediate identification of harmonic peaks will facilitate data interpretation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐expression EGFR/cell membrane chromatography‐online‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: rapid screening of EGFR antagonists from Semen Strychni
Authors: Sun Meng , Guo Ying , Dai Bingling , Wang Chen , He Langchong 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALETraditional methods for screening active compounds from complex system such as traditional Chinese medicines are relatively cumbersome and time‐consuming. In order to improve this situation, we established an online analytical method for screening, separation and identification EGFR antagonists from traditional Chinese medicines, which is described in this study.METHODSCells with high EGFR expression levels were used to prepare the cell membrane stationary phase for the EGFR cell membrane chromatography model with the purpose of screening active compounds. Separation of the retention fractions was achieved by the high‐performance liquid chromatography, and identification was conducted via electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effects of active compounds on EGFR cell growth were also demonstrated in vitro.RESULTSThe screening results showed that vauquline and strychnine from Semen Strychni could be active components acting on EGFR similarly to gefitinib as a control drug. Results from biological trials showed that vauquline and strychnine inhibited cell proliferation of HEK293/EGFR cells, and inhibited Erk phosphorylation, and can effectively reduce expression of downstream signaling molecules.CONCLUSIONSThis EGFR cell membrane chromatography‐online‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method can be applied for rapid screening, separation and identification of EGFR antagonists from traditional Chinese medicines and should be useful for drug discovery with natural medicinal herbs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification and characterization of unknown cytokinins into essential types by in‐source collision‐induced dissociation electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Shichang , Chen Weiqi , Fang Kai , Jiang Xiangning , Gai Ying 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEMass spectrometry is effective for determination of cytokinins, which are bioactive compounds with an adenine‐core structure. However, it is difficult to characterize any cytokinin compound without the relevant standard or known molecular structure information. With a limited number of standards, an in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) method for characterization and classification of unknown cytokinins was described in this study.METHODSCytokinins were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and then analyzed by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry using an in‐source CID technique and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.RESULTSBased on the properties of multi‐stage fragmentation in mass spectrometry, naturally occurring cytokinins were classified into four types (zeatin, dihydrogen zeatin, isopentenyl adenine and benzyl adenine) by losing their conjugated sugar, sugar phosphate and other substituents in the source region. Following this technique, seven unknown cytokinins were characterized from roots of maize (Zea mays) without standards and one of them was finally confirmed to be cis‐zeatin‐riboside.CONCLUSIONSAn in‐source CID technique combined with MRM mass spectrometry was developed to provide product ion information for identification of cytokinins and to afford guidance for the discovery of unknown cytokinins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Click’ Preparation of CuPt Nanorod‐Anchored Graphene Oxide as a Catalyst in Water
Authors: Yang Hyunseung , Kwon Yongwoo , Kwon Taegyun , Lee Hyunjoo , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a simple and powerful method of producing nanoparticle‐anchored graphene oxide (GO) composites using a ‘click’ reaction is demonstrated. This method affords a facile means of anchoring of nanoparticles with various shapes and sizes on the GO. CuPt nanorods with controlled size, aspect ratio (from 1 to 11), and uniformity are synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are made to monitor the formation and characterize the properties of the CuPt nanorod‐grafted GO composites. Their catalytic properties in the water phase are investigated using an o‐phenylenediamine oxidation reaction. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that nonpolar CuPt nanorods immobilized on GO can function as a catalyst in an aqueous solution and that GO can be used as a catalytic nanorod support.
Support for career development in youth: Program models and evaluations
Authors: Mekinda Megan A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article examines four influential programs—Citizen Schools, After School Matters, career academies, and Job Corps—to demonstrate the diversity of approaches to career programming for youth. It compares the specific program models and draws from the evaluation literature to discuss strengths and weaknesses of each. The article highlights three key lessons derived from the models that have implications for career development initiatives more generally: (1) career programming can and should be designed for youth across a broad age range, (2) career programming does not have to come at the expense of academic training or preparation for college, and (3) program effectiveness depends on intentional design and high‐quality implementation.
Cell surface display of a β-glucosidase employing the type V secretion system on ethanologenic Escherichia coli for the fermentation of cellobiose to ethanol
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez Iván , Oropeza Ricardo , Gosset Guillermo , Martinez Alfredo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We used the autodisplay system AIDA-I, which belongs to the type V secretion system (TVSS), to display the β-glucosidase BglC from Thermobifida fusca on the outer membrane of the ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain MS04 (MG1655 ∆pflB, ∆adhE, ∆frdA, ∆xylFGH, ∆ldhA, PpflB::pdc Zm-adhB Zm). MS04 that was transformed with the plasmid pAIDABglCRHis showed cellobiase activity (171 U/gCDW) and fermented 40 g/l cellobiose in mineral medium in 60 h with an ethanol yield of 81 % of the theoretical maximum. Whole-cell protease treatment, SDS-PAGE, and Western-blot analysis demonstrated that BglC was attached to the external surface of the outer membrane of MS04. When attached to the cells, BglC showed 93.3 % relative activity in the presence of 40 g/l ethanol and retained 100 % of its activity following 2 days of incubation at 37 °C with the same ethanol concentration. This study shows the potential of the TVSS (AIDA-I) and BglC as tools for the production of lignocellulosic bio-commodities.
Biofilm establishment and heavy metal removal capacity of an indigenous mining algal-microbial consortium in a photo-rotating biological contactor
Authors: Orandi S , Lewis D M , Moheimani N R 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
An indigenous mining algal-microbial consortium was immobilised within a laboratory-scale photo-rotating biological contactor (PRBC) that was used to investigate the potential for heavy metal removal from acid mine drainage (AMD). The microbial consortium, dominated by Ulothrix sp., was collected from the AMD at the Sar Cheshmeh copper mine in Iran. This paper discusses the parameters required to establish an algal-microbial biofilm used for heavy metal removal, including nutrient requirements and rotational speed. The PRBC was tested using synthesised AMD with the multi-ion and acidic composition of wastewater (containing 18 elements, and with a pH of 3.5 ± 0.5), from which the microbial consortium was collected. The biofilm was successfully developed on the PRBC’s disc consortium over 60 days of batch-mode operation. The PRBC was then run continuously with a 24 h hydraulic residence time (HRT) over a ten-week period. Water analysis, performed on a weekly basis, demonstrated the ability of the algal-microbial biofilm to remove 20–50 % of the various metals in the order Cu &gt; Ni &gt; Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Sb &gt; Se &gt; Co &gt; Al. These results clearly indicate the significant potential for indigenous AMD microorganisms to be exploited within a PRBC for AMD treatment.
Enhanced leavening properties of baker’s yeast overexpressingMAL62with deletion ofMIG1in lean dough
Authors: Sun Xi , Zhang Cuiying , Dong Jian , Wu Mingyue , Zhang Yan , Xiao Dongguang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study aimed to increase maltose fermentation in industrial baker’s yeast to increase its leavening properties. To this end, we overexpressed MAL62 encoding alpha-glucosidase (maltase) and deleted MIG1 encoding a transcriptional repressor that regulates MAL gene expression. Strain overexpressing MAL62 showed 46.3 % higher alpha-glucosidase activity and enhanced leaving activity than the parental strain when tested in glucose–maltose low sugar model liquid dough (LSMLD). Deleting MIG1 was much less effective, but it could further strengthen leavening properties in a strain overexpressing MAL62. The relationship between maltose permease and alpha-glucosidase was further dissected by transforming the two genes. The results indicated that without increasing the maltose permease activity, maltose metabolism could also be enhanced by the increased alpha-glucosidase activity. Previous strategies for strain improvement have targeted the enhancement of alpha-glucosidase and maltose permease activities in concert. Our results suggest that increasing alpha-glucosidase activity is sufficient to improve maltose fermentation in lean dough.
Production of erythritol and mannitol by Yarrowia lipolytica yeast in media containing glycerol
Authors: Tomaszewska Ludwika , Rywińska Anita , Gładkowski Witold 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Glycerol is a by-product generated in large amounts during the production of biofuels. This study presents an alternative means of crude glycerol valorization through the production of erythritol and mannitol. In a shake-flasks experiment in a buffered medium, nine Yarrowia lipolytica strains were examined for polyols production. Three strains (A UV’1, A-15 and Wratislavia K1) were selected as promising producers of erythritol or/and mannitol and used in bioreactor batch cultures and fed-batch mode. Pure and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol media both supplemented (to 2.5 and 3.25 %) and not-supplemented with NaCl were applied. The best results for erythritol biosynthesis were achieved in medium with crude glycerol supplemented with 2.5 % NaCl. Wratislavia K1 strain produced up to 80.0 g l−1 erythritol with 0.49 g g−1 yield and productivity of 1.0 g l−1 h−1. Erythritol biosynthesis by A UV’1 and A-15 strains was accompanied by the simultaneous production of mannitol (up to 27.6 g l−1). Extracellular as well as intracellular erythritol and mannitol ratios depended on the glycerol used and the presence of NaCl in the medium. The results from this study indicate that NaCl addition to the medium improves erythritol biosynthesis, and simultaneously inhibits mannitol formation.
Horizontal gene transfer and gene conversion drive evolution of modular polyketide synthases
Authors: Zucko Jurica , Long Paul F , Hranueli Daslav , Cullum John 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSoil bacteria live in a very competitive environment and produce many secondary metabolites; there appears to be strong selective pressure for evolution of new compounds. Secondary metabolites are the most important source of chemical structures for the pharmaceutical industry and an understanding of the evolutionary process should help in finding novel chemical entities. Modular polyketide synthases are a particularly interesting case for evolutionary studies, because much of the chemical structure can be predicted from DNA sequence. Previous evolutionary studies have concentrated on individual modules or domains and were not able to study the evolution of orthologues. This study overcame this problem by considering complete clusters as “organisms”, so that orthologous modules and domains could be identified and used to characterise evolutionary pathways. Seventeen modular polyketide synthase clusters were identified that fell into six classes. Gene conversion within clusters was very common (affecting about 15 % of domains) and was detected by discordance in phylogenetic trees. An evolutionary model is proposed in which a single cross over between two different clusters (i.e. horizontal gene transfer) would generate a cluster of very different architecture with radically different chemical products; subsequent gene conversion and deletions would explore chemical variants. Two probable examples of such recombination were found. This model suggests strategies for detecting horizontal gene transfer in cluster evolution.
Fungal β-glucosidase expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Njokweni A P , Rose S H , van Zyl W H 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing β-glucosidases from Thermoascus aurantiacus (Tabgl1) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcbglB and Pccbgl1) were constructed and compared to S. cerevisiae Y294[SFI], previously identified as the best β-glucosidase-producing strain. The PcbglB was also intracellularly expressed in combination with the lac12 lactose permease of Kluyveromyces lactis in S. cerevisiae Y294[PcbglB + Lac12]. The recombinant extracellular β-glucosidases indicated maximum activity in the pH range 4–5 and temperature optima varying from 50 to 75 °C. The S. cerevisiae Y294[Pccbgl1] strain performed best under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, producing 2.6 times more β-glucosidase activity than S. cerevisiae Y294[SFI] and an ethanol concentration of 4.8 g l−1 after 24 h of cultivation on cellobiose as sole carbohydrate source. S. cerevisiae Y294[Tabgl1] was unable to grow on cellobiose (liquid medium), whereas S. cerevisiae Y294[PcbglB + Lac12] exhibited limited growth.