bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Plasma Permeability Factor in Nephrotic Syndrome: Indirect Evidence in Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Azocar Marta , Quiroz Lily , Delucchi Angela , Dinamarca Hector , Emilfork Marcos , Cano Francisco 
Published: April 2012

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children has been associated with a systemic circulating permeability factor. Therefore, once peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been started, peritoneal protein losses should be higher in the nephrotic than in the non-nephrotic population. Objective We compared peritoneal protein losses in children with and without NS on PD. Methods Our retrospective 4-year study analyzed Hispanic patients with NS under PD. Data at dialysis entry and 6 months later were compared. Nutritional support was given according to recommended dietary allowances and recommendations from the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Clinical and biochemical data were obtained, and 24-hour dialysate and urine samples were collected to measure protein losses. Dialysis dose (Kt/V), daily protein intake (DPI), normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA), peritoneal equilibration test (PET), and peritonitis rate were determined. All measurements took place at least 4 weeks after resolution of a peritonitis episode. All patients received automated PD using a HomeChoice PD System cycler (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA), with an exchange volume of 1100 mL/m2 and a dextrose concentration of 1.5% – 2.5%. A control group of non-NS children on PD matched by age and sex were also studied. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Differences between groups were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U-test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Each study group consisted of 10 patients [NS patients: 4 boys, mean age of 7.3 ± 4.1 years; control patients: 6 boys, mean age of 7.2 ± 4.7 years ( p = nonsignificant)]. In the group with NS, 8 patients were diagnosed by biopsy as having focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and 2 as having minimal-change disease. At study entry, patients with NS had hourly urinary protein losses of 398 ± 313 mg/m2 and daily peritoneal protein losses of 3.4 ± 1.9 g/m2, compared with 29.9 ± 31 mg/m2 and 1.5 ± 1.1 g/m2 respectively in the control group ( p < 0.05). The same statistical difference was found 6 months later. We observed no statistical differences in PET results, daily exchange volume, and mean dextrose concentration of dialysate. Similarly, no significant between-group differences were observed for Kt/V, DPI, nPNA, and biochemical parameters. Conclusions Hispanic children with NS on PD show higher peritoneal protein losses than do their control counterparts. Such differences could be secondary to increased peritoneal permeability caused by a systemic permeability factor.
Du rire de sarah à l'enfant du rire ou le désir des âges dans la bible
Authors: Gibert Pierre 
Published: April 2012

La Bible dans son ensemble, Ancien et Nouveau Testament, n’est pas bégueule et ne recule pas devant la sexualité, jusqu’au paradoxe. Ainsi n’hésite-t-elle pas à mettre en scène, Sarah, une vieille femme promise au plaisir et à la maternité ; pas plus qu’elle n’hésite au seuil de notre ère à raconter la surprise incrédule du vieux Zacharie et l’émerveillement de sa femme, la vieille Elisabeth. Un enfant du rire, Isaac, en rit encore dans la triomphante nudité que nous en offre Le Caravage.
IL-2 Simultaneously Expands Foxp3+ T Regulatory and T Effector Cells and Confers Resistance to Severe Tuberculosis (TB): Implicative Treg–T Effector Cooperation in Immunity to TB
Authors: Chen Crystal Y. , Huang Dan , Yao Shuyu , Halliday Lisa , Zeng Gucheng , Wang Richard C. , Chen Zheng W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The possibility that simultaneous expansion of T regulatory cells (Treg) and T effector cells early postinfection can confer some immunological benefits has not been studied. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that early, simultaneous cytokine expansion of Treg and T effector cells in a tissue infection site can allow these T cell populations to act in concert to control tissue inflammation/damage while containing infection. IL-2 treatments early after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macaques induced simultaneous expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg, CD8+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, and CD4+ T effector/CD8+ T effector/Vγ2Vδ2 T effector populations producing anti-M. tuberculosis cytokines IFN-γ and perforin, and conferred resistance to severe TB inflammation and lesions. IL-2–expanded Foxp3+ Treg readily accumulated in pulmonary compartment, but despite this, rapid pulmonary trafficking/accumulation of IL-2–activated T effector populations still occurred. Such simultaneous recruitments of IL-2–expanded Treg and T effector populations to pulmonary compartment during M. tuberculosis infection correlated with IL-2–induced resistance to TB lesions without causing Treg-associated increases in M. tuberculosis burdens. In vivo depletion of IL-2–expanded CD4+Foxp3+ Treg and CD4+ T effectors during IL-2 treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected macaques significantly reduced IL-2–induced resistance to TB lesions, suggesting that IL-2–expanded CD4+ T effector cells and Treg contributed to anti-TB immunity. Thus, IL-2 can simultaneously activate and expand T effector cells and Foxp3+ Treg populations and confer resistance to severe TB without enhancing M. tuberculosis infection.
Surfactant Protein A Modulates Induction of Regulatory T Cells via TGF-β
Authors: Mukherjee Sambuddho , Giamberardino Charles , Thomas Joseph M. , Gowdy Kymberly , Pastva Amy M. , Wright Jo Rae 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
TCR signaling plays a critical role in regulatory T cell (Treg) development. However, the mechanism for tissue-specific induction of Tregs in the periphery remains unclear. We observed that surfactant protein A (SP-A)–deficient mice have impaired expression of Foxp3 and fewer CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs after ex vivo stimulation and after stimulation with LPS in vivo. The addition of exogenous SP-A completely reversed this phenotype. Although SP-A is known to inhibit T cell proliferation under certain activation conditions, both IL-2 levels as well as active TGF-β levels increase on extended culture with exogenous SP-A, providing a key mechanism for the maintenance and induction of Tregs. In addition, kinetic suppression assays demonstrate that SP-A enhances the frequency of functional Foxp3+ Tregs in responder T cell populations in a TGF-β–dependent manner. In mice treated with LPS in vivo, Tregs increased ∼160% in wild-type mice compared with only a 50% increase in LPS-treated SP-A−/− mice 8 d after exposure. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that SP-A affects T cell immune function by the induction of Tregs during activation.
Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Subacute Ozone Is Augmented in Adiponectin-Deficient Mice: Role of IL-17A
Authors: Kasahara David I. , Kim Hye Y. , Williams Alison S. , Verbout Norah G. , Tran Jennifer , Si Huiqing , Wurmbrand Allison P. , Jastrab Jordan , Hug Christopher , Umetsu Dale T. , Shore Stephanie A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPulmonary responses to ozone, a common air pollutant, are augmented in obese individuals. Adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone that declines in obesity, has regulatory effects on the immune system. To determine the role of adiponectin in the pulmonary inflammation induced by extended (48–72 h) low-dose (0.3 parts per million) exposure to ozone, adiponectin-deficient (Adipo−/−) and wild-type mice were exposed to ozone or to room air. In wild-type mice, ozone exposure increased total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) adiponectin. Ozone-induced lung inflammation, including increases in BAL neutrophils, protein (an index of lung injury), IL-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, LPS-induced CXC chemokine, and G-CSF were augmented in Adipo−/− versus wild-type mice. Ozone also increased IL-17A mRNA expression to a greater extent in Adipo−/− versus wild-type mice. Moreover, compared with control Ab, anti–IL-17A Ab attenuated ozone-induced increases in BAL neutrophils and G-CSF in Adipo−/− but not in wild-type mice, suggesting that IL-17A, by promoting G-CSF release, contributed to augmented neutrophilia in Adipo−/− mice. Flow cytometric analysis of lung cells revealed that the number of CD45+/F4/80+/IL-17A+ macrophages and γδ T cells expressing IL-17A increased after ozone exposure in wild-type mice and further increased in Adipo−/− mice. The IL-17+ macrophages were CD11c− (interstitial macrophages), whereas CD11c+ macrophages (alveolar macrophages) did not express IL-17A. Taken together, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that adiponectin protects against neutrophil recruitment induced by extended low-dose ozone exposure by inhibiting the induction and/or recruitment of IL-17A in interstitial macrophages and/or γδ T cells.
Functional Changes in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) during Tumor Growth: FKBP51 Contributes to the Regulation of the Immunosuppressive Function of MDSCs
Authors: Kim Yun-Sun , Kim Yeon-Jeong , Lee Jung-Mi , Kim Eun-Kyung , Park Young-Jun , Choe Su-Kyong , Ko Hyun-Jeong , Kang Chang-Yuil 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are increased by tumor-derived factors and suppress anti-tumor immunity. MDSCs obtained at a late time point after tumor injection had stronger suppressive activity than MDSCs obtained at an early time point, as measured by T cell proliferation assays. To find factors in MDSCs that change during tumor growth, we analyzed gene expression profiles from MDSCs at different time points after tumor injection. We found that immune response-related genes were downregulated but protumor function-related genes were upregulated in both monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs) and polymorphonuclear granulocytic MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) at the late time point. Among differentially expressed genes, FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51), which is a member of the immunophilin protein family and plays a role in immunoregulation, was increased in the Mo-MDSCs and PMN-MDSCs isolated from the late time points. Experiments using small interfering RNA and a chemical inhibitor of FKBP51 revealed that FKBP51 contributes to the regulation of the suppressive function of MDSCs by increasing inducible NO synthase, arginase-1, and reactive oxygen species levels and enhancing NF-κB activity. Collectively, our data suggest that FKBP51 is a novel molecule that can be targeted to regulate the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs.
The Asp299Gly Polymorphism Alters TLR4 Signaling by Interfering with Recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF
Authors: Figueroa Leandra , Xiong Yanbao , Song Chang , Piao Wenji , Vogel Stefanie N. , Medvedev Andrei E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAsp299Gly (D299G) and, to a lesser extent, Thr399Ile (T399I) TLR4 polymorphisms have been associated with Gram-negative sepsis and other infectious diseases, but the mechanisms by which they affect TLR4 signaling are unclear. In this study, we determined the impact of the D299G and T399I polymorphisms on TLR4 expression, interactions with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), LPS binding, and LPS-mediated activation of the MyD88- and Toll/IL-1R resistance domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF) signaling pathways. Complementation of human embryonic kidney 293/CD14/MD2 transfectants with wild-type (WT) or mutant yellow fluorescent protein-tagged TLR4 variants revealed comparable total TLR4 expression, TLR4–MD2 interactions, and LPS binding. FACS analyses with anti-TLR4 Ab showed only minimal changes in the cell-surface levels of the D299G TLR4. Cells transfected with D299G TLR4 exhibited impaired LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and TANK-binding kinase 1, activation of NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3, and induction of IL-8 and IFN-β mRNA, whereas T399I TLR4 did not cause statistically significant inhibition. In contrast to WT TLR4, expression of the D299G mutants in TLR4−/− mouse macrophages failed to elicit LPS-mediated induction of TNF-α and IFN-β mRNA. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed diminished LPS-driven interaction of MyD88 and TRIF with the D299G TLR4 species, in contrast to robust adapter recruitment exhibited by WT TLR4. Thus, the D299G polymorphism compromises recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF to TLR4 without affecting TLR4 expression, TLR4–MD2 interaction, or LPS binding, suggesting that it interferes with TLR4 dimerization and assembly of intracellular docking platforms for adapter recruitment.
Balises pour une histoire institutionnelle de la littérature prolétarienne et révolutionnaire (1920-1940)
Authors: Glinoer Anthony 
Published: April 2012

Cas à la fois emblématique et ambigu de littérature engagée, la littérature prolétarienne et révolutionnaire des années 1920-1940 a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux : que ce soit dans les cas de l’Allemagne, de la France, des États-Unis ou de la Russie soviétique, les principaux acteurs ont été identifiés, certaines oeuvres ont été republiées et il a été montré comment ces mouvements ont été encouragés puis déstructurés, au profit du seul réalisme socialiste, par l’Internationale communiste. Cependant, la dimension transnationale, voire mondiale, de ce mouvement littéraire, n’a pas été mise de l’avant, non plus que les profondes ressemblances entre les démarches institutionnelles menées d’un pays à l’autre dans ce domaine. Partant de sources critiques peu connues dans le monde francophone, cet article défriche ce terrain et dresse un état des lieux institutionnels de la littérature prolétarienne et révolutionnaire : groupes, revues, associations y sont considérés de façon à apporter un éclairage nouveau sur ce temps où, de par le monde, les ouvriers écrivaient.
Pas plus spécial que nécessaire : analyse des politiques scolaires de la Nouvelle-Écosse à l’égard de l’inclusion scolaire des élèves avec handicaps
Authors: AuCoin Angèla , Goguen Léonard , Vienneau Raymond 
Published: April 2012

Cet article, Pas plus spécial que nécessaire : analyse des politiques scolaires de la Nouvelle-Écosse à l’égard de l’inclusion scolaire des élèves avec handicaps, propose une étude documentaire portant sur l’ensemble des dispositions légales et administratives concernant l’inclusion scolaire et les services éducatifs destinés aux élèves avec handicaps. Le cadre conceptuel, élaboré à partir d’une étude exhaustive des conditions administratives liées à l’inclusion scolaire et d’une recension des politiques scolaires pouvant influencer sa pratique, a mené à la construction d’une matrice originale conçue pour l’analyse des lois et des politiques relatives à l’inclusion scolaire en Nouvelle-Écosse, instrument qui a servi à l’analyse des politiques scolaires de cette province, mais qui pourrait évidemment aussi bien servir à analyser les politiques de toute autre juridiction en matière scolaire (province, territoire, État, etc.). Les deux axes de cette matrice sont constitués des treize conditions administratives retenues et des trois types de politiques scolaires inventoriés. Quelle place accorde-t-on à la différence que représentent, entre autres, les élèves avec handicaps à l’intérieur de ces lois et de ces politiques? Le caractère unique de chaque élève, y compris l’unicité de l’élève handicapé, a-t-il droit de cité dans ces textes?
Les chemins de mémoire dans la dramaturgie grecque contemporaine
Authors: Pefanis Georges P. 
Published: April 2012

La mémoire dans la dramaturgie grecque moderne ne constitue pas un acte statique de rappel mais un acte complexe et évolutif de reconstitution du passé sous l’influence du présent et du milieu social. De la fin de la junte et après (1974), ces versions de la mémoire dramatique ramènent les sujets à certaines situations du passé qui peuvent révéler les causes d’une vie ratée, décentraliser les certitudes fortes d’une conscience rationnelle, déconstruire, en bref, la présence et l’identité dans les ombres de l’absence et de l’altérité.
De ces versions perce une force négative de la mémoire qui bloque les déroulements et bouleverse la cohérence. Néanmoins d’autre part, il y a sa force positive qui tend à reconstituer les morceaux, à offrir une perspective temporelle pour base et un horizon temporel comme direction à la conscience éthique du présent, à créer un vécu de l’« appartenance au monde et à son histoire ». La mémoire, comme on le voit dans l’image de la dramaturgie grecque contemporaine, semble émerger de la trame dialectique de ces deux forces. Des forces négatives et positives de la mémoire théâtrale convergent en exemples locaux qui s’éloignent des références prédéterminées et introduisent parfois de nouvelles optiques dans les théories officielles du passé et dans leurs interprétations unidimensionnelles.
Targeted Metabolomics
Authors: Roberts Lee D. , Souza Amanda L. , Gerszten Robert E. , Clish Clary B. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe metabolome is the terminal downstream product of the genome and consists of the total complement of all the low‐molecular‐weight molecules (metabolites) in a cell, tissue, or organism. Metabolomics aims to measure a wide breadth of small molecules in the context of physiological stimuli or disease states. Metabolomics methodologies fall into two distinct groups: untargeted metabolomics, an intended comprehensive analysis of all the measurable analytes in a sample including chemical unknowns, and targeted metabolomics, the measurement of defined groups of chemically characterized and biochemically annotated metabolites. The methodologies considered in this unit focus on the processes of conducting targeted metabolomics experiments, and the advantages of this general approach are highlighted herein. This unit outlines procedures for extracting nitrogenous metabolites (including amino acids), lipids, and intermediary metabolites (including TCA cycle oxoacids) from blood plasma. Specifically, protocols are described for analyzing these metabolites using targeted metabolomics experiments based on liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 98:30.2.1‐30.2.24. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Cells from the Feto‐Maternal Interface
Authors: Male Victoria , Gardner Lucy , Moffett Ashley 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe mucosal lining of the human uterus is host to a specialized population of leukocytes, which, during pregnancy, interact with invading placental cells (trophoblast) of fetal origin. Of particular interest are uterine natural killer cells, which account for around 70% of the leukocytes at this site during the first trimester of pregnancy, and seem to be specially adapted to recognize invading trophoblast cells. In order to understand the interactions between mucosal immune cells and trophoblast, and those among the immune cells themselves, it is useful to be able to isolate and culture these cells. Here, we describe protocols for the isolation of leukocytes, stromal cells, and trophoblast cells from the feto‐maternal interface. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 97:7.40.1‐7.40.11. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of the Targeting Properties of Fc Chimeric Proteins and Antibodies in Mice In Vivo
Authors: Martinez‐Pomares Luisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis unit includes protocols for the analysis of the targeting properties of Fc chimeric proteins and antibodies in mice in vivo. We present procedures to prepare the reagents to be tested under endotoxin‐free conditions, suitable injection sites, methodology for tissue collection, and processing, and labeling procedures to detect the injected material in situ. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 97:18.18.1‐18.18.12. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association study of neuregulin 1 gene polymorphisms with auditory p300 in schizophrenia
Authors: Kang ChuanYuan , Yang XiaoBin , Xu XiuFeng , Liu Hua , Su Ping , Yang JianZhong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNeuregulin 1 (NRG1), a gene involved with myelin production has been shown to have a positive correlation with schizophrenia. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) studies provide the evidence of disturbed electrophysiologic marker in schizophrenia. The present study investigated the association of NRG1 genotypes with P300 in schizophrenia. Three polymorphisms in NRG1 gene were detected in 287 Chinese Han schizophrenics and 120 healthy control subjects. Among the total sample, 140 patients and 96 controls underwent P300. There were no significant differences for genotype distributions and allele frequencies between schizophrenic group and the control. A significant difference was observed between the schizophrenic patients and controls in the AT haplotype, with Odds Ratio 0.304 (P = 0.000882, 95% CI = 0.145–0.636). P300 amplitude in the schizophrenic group was significantly lower than that of the controls at Fz, Cz, Pz. P300 latency in the schizophrenic group was also significantly longer than that of the controls at Cz, Pz, Fz. Significant differences of P300 latency between three genotypes of rs3924999 were found at Cz and Pz both in schizophrenic group and the controls. The G/G carriers of rs3924999 tended to perform worse in the P300 latency as compared to A/A or A/G carriers both in the schizophrenia and controls. There were no significant differences for P300 latency and amplitude between schizophrenic group and controls for AT haplotype. NRG1 gene is a susceptible gene for Chinese Han schizophrenia and AT haplotype might have the protective role in the schizophrenia. Rs3924999 in NRG1 gene might functionally impact cognitive processing. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Spatial Variation and Factors Controlling the Concentration of Total Dissolved Iron in Rivers, Sanjiang Plain
Authors: Wang LiXia , Yan BaiXing , Pan XiaoFeng , Zhu Hui 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe rivers across Sanjiang Plain are an important path in transferring total dissolved iron (TDFe) into Okhotsk Sea. Distribution of TDFe in main rivers (Amur River, Ussuri River, and Songhua River) and marshy rivers (Yalv River, Bielahong River, and Naoli River) of Sanjiang Plain from 2005 to 2008 was investigated. TDFe concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 6.40 mg L−1 (mean 0.76 mg L−1) and the TDFe species are in the following order: Colloidal iron > ionic iron > complexed iron. Compared with the main rivers, the marshy rivers showed higher TDFe concentration and dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC), and lower pH value. TDFe concentrations were influenced by several factors, whereas, the concentration of DOC, ${\rm HCO}_{3}^{- } $, and ${\rm NO}_{{\rm 3}}^{- } $ showed remarkable correlation through Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. The rivers mostly showed high TDFe concentration on May and October when the farm activities frequently occur. After 50 years' cultivation of wetlands, the free iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) showed distinct decrease from 195 to 88.2t in Naoli River. Land use change had decreased TDFe output in rivers of Sanjiang Plain because of the changed concentration and component of DOC, which had higher affinity and selectivity with iron.