bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time Monitoring ofIn VivoAcute Necrotic Cancer Cell Death Induced by Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy Using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Nakajima Takahito , Sano Kohei , Mitsunaga Makoto , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) that uses a near infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated with a mAb, has recently been described. NIR light exposure leads to immediate, target-selective necrotic cell death in vitro. Detecting immediate in vivo cell death is more difficult because it takes at least 3 days for the tumor to begin to shrink in size. In this study, fluorescence lifetime (FLT) was evaluated before and after PIT for monitoring the immediate cytotoxic effects of NIR mediated mAb-IR700 PIT. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) panitumumab-IR700 was used for targeting EGFR-expressing A431 tumor cells. PIT with various doses of NIR light was conducted in cell pellets in vitro and in subcutaneously xenografted tumors in mice in vivo. FLT measurements were obtained before and 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours after PIT. In vitro, PIT at higher doses of NIR light immediately led to FLT shortening in A431 cells. In vivo PIT induced immediate shortening of FLT in treated tumors after a threshold NIR dose of 30 J/cm2 or greater. In contrast, lower levels of NIR light (10 J/cm2 or smaller) did not induce shortening of FLT. Prolongation of FLT in tissue surrounding the tumor site was noted 6 hours after PIT, likely reflecting phagocytosis by macrophages. In conclusion, FLT imaging can be used to monitor the acute cytotoxic effects of mAb-IR700-induced PIT even before morphological changes can be seen in the targeted tumors. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4622–8. ©2012 AACR.
Predictors of Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Friedman Daniel J. , Altman Robert K. , Orencole Mary , Picard Michael H. , Ruskin Jeremy N. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Heist E. Kevin 
Published: July 2012

Background—
Patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are at high risk for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), and risk stratification in this population remains poor.

Methods and Results—

This study followed 269 patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <35%; QRS >120 ms; New York Heart Association class III/IV) undergoing CRT with a defibrillator for 553±464 days after CRT with defibrillator implantation to assess for independent predictors of appropriate device therapy for VAs. Baseline medication use, medical comorbidities, and echocardiographic parameters were considered. The 4-year incidence of appropriate device therapy was 36%. A Cox proportional hazard model identified left ventricular end-systolic diameter >61 mm as an independent predictor in the entire population (hazard ratio [HR], 2.66;
P
=0.001). Those with left ventricular end-systolic diameter >61 mm had a 51% 3-year incidence of VA compared with a 26% incidence among those with a less dilated ventricle (
P
=0.001). Among patients with left ventricular end-systolic diameter ≤61 mm, multivariate predictors of appropriate therapy were absence of β-blocker therapy (HR, 6.34;
P
<0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction <20% (HR, 4.22;
P
<0.001), and history of sustained VA (HR, 2.97;
P
=0.013). Early (<180 days after implant) shock therapy was found to be a robust predictor of hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 3.41;
P
<0.004) and mortality (HR, 5.16;
P
<0.001.)

Conclusions—
Among patients with CRT and a defibrillator, left ventricular end-systolic diameter >61 mm is a powerful predictor of VAs, and further risk stratification of those with less dilated ventricles can be achieved based on assessment of ejection fraction, history of sustained VA, and absence of β-blocker therapy.
Comparison of Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death in Nonischemic and Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Hookana Eeva , Junttila M. Juhani , Kaikkonen Kari S. , Ukkola Olavi , Kesäniemi Y. Antero , Kortelainen Marja-Leena , Huikuri Heikki V. 
Published: July 2012

Background—
Recent studies have identified the presence of familial clustering of ischemic sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a clinical expression of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonischemic SCD has a similar familial background, which would be evidence of a genetic predisposition.

Methods and Results—

The retrospective case-control study included (1) consecutive victims of nonischemic SCD (n=223), (2) consecutive victims of ischemic SCD (n=596), whose deaths and diagnosis were verified at medicolegal autopsy, and (3) control subjects without heart disease (n=475). In each study group, the family history of SCD among the first-degree relatives was determined and verified from death certificates. The prevalence of SCD in ≥1 first-degree relative was significantly higher in victims of ischemic (34.2%) than nonischemic SCD (13.4%;
P
<0.001) or controls (17.6%;
P
<0.001). The history of SCD in first-degree relatives did not differ from controls in nonischemic SCD victims (
P
=0.155). In a subgroup analysis of victims of ischemic SCD, the prevalence of family history of SCD in first-degree relatives did not differ between those with or without a prior infarct scar at autopsy (33.1% versus 29.9%, respectively;
P
=0.222).

Conclusions—
Ischemic SCD has a strong familial background both in cases with and without a prior myocardial infarction. The family history of SCD is not significantly increased in victims of nonischemic SCD, suggesting a larger role of sporadic occurrence than inherited traits as the cause of nonischemic SCD.
A controlled study of agoraphobia and the independent effect of virtual reality exposure therapy
Authors: Malbos Eric , Rapee Ronald M , Kavakli Manolya 
Published: July 2012

Objectives: Past controlled clinical trials centred on virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for agoraphobia mostly used multicomponent therapy with success. However, the present paper aimed to evaluate the independent effect of VRET for agoraphobia. Methods: A controlled study involving 18 agoraphobic participants assigned to two groups: VRET only and VRET with cognitive therapy. Nine specific virtual environments were developed using an affordable game level editor. Results: Questionnaires, behavioural tests and physiological measures indicated a positive effect of VRET. Correlations supported the predictive value of presence towards treatment outcome. The addition of cognitive therapy did not provide significant additional benefit. Conclusions: Overall, the isolated effects of VRET did not seem to be significantly less than the effects of VRET combined with cognitive therapy. Future research should explore the use of other components in addition to cognitive therapy and VRET for agoraphobia as well as its possible use in patients’ homes.
A documentary analysis of HIV/AIDS education interventions in Ghana
Authors: Halabi Saamira , Smith William , Collins John , Baker David , Bedford Jason 
Published: July 2012

Objective: While the international donor community has spent millions on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention through educational programmes, the quality of information in educational curricula is rarely analyzed. This study analyzes the content of prevention programmes, focusing on informational accuracy. Design: Curricula for this study were collected using a snowball sampling technique in which we first contacted bi-lateral donors, the country’s national AIDS coordinating agency, and the Ministry of Education to find out which organizations and agencies were actively working in the country and implementing HIV curricular interventions. Our final data set included 24 curricula: seven school-based, 15 adult-based, and two multi-purpose curricula (manuals or modules used in conjunction with other curricula or independently). Using Senderowitz and Kirby’s (2006)1 standards for curricula content as a guide, each curriculum was coded independently by two reviewers, who noted specific lines, sections, or images of the curriculum which were problematic. Setting: Ghana. Method: Documentary analysis of 24 curricula that are designed to teach youth and adults about HIV/AIDS. Results: We find one or more problems in each curriculum, including: (1) factual errors and omitted information; (2) oversimplified facts; (3) promotion of fear-based abstinence; (4) confusing condom information; (5) a presentation of infection as women’s problem; and (6) misrepresentation of individual risk. Conclusion: Even with increased financial resources being directed at HIV prevention and treatment, the quality of information found in school-based and adult prevention curricula remains poor. This analysis calls into question the effect of these interventions in ‘socially vaccinating’ against new infections.
Changes in children’s consumption of tomatoes through a school lunch programme developed by agricultural high-school students
Authors: Ishikawa Midori , Kubota Nozomi , Kudo Keita , Meadows Martin , Umezawa Atsuko , Otaa Toru 
Published: July 2012

Objective: The purpose of the study was to discover whether tomato consumption in elementary- and middle-school students could be increased through a school lunch programme developed by agricultural high-school students acting as peer educators. Design: The high-school lunch programme included the process of growing tomatoes and providing a newsletter on school lunches to elementary- and middle-school children. Agricultural high-school students were trained as peer educators. Setting: Six hundred and thirty-one students at 16 schools in Hokkaido, Japan, participated in the programme. Method: The evaluation survey items comprised questions about taste preference, eating motivation, and behaviours related to the high-school lunch programme and the usual school lunch. The analysis provided a comparison between a group of students who ate more tomatoes after the programme and a group who showed no change in eating preferences, and revealed factors affecting the increase in tomato consumption. Results: In all, 17% of the students started to eat more tomatoes after the programme than they had eaten previously. Among the students who ate more tomatoes, the ratio of answers on the choices ‘Tomatoes were delicious’, ‘I request high-school lunch again’, and ‘I want to eat high-school tomatoes at home’ was significantly higher than that among other students whose tomato intake did not increase. The most important factors affecting increased tomato consumption were ‘students’ tomatoes were delicious’. Conclusion: A school lunch programme developed by agricultural high-school students may be effective for increasing vegetable consumption in elementary- and middle-school students.
Reality-based learning: Outbreak, an engaging introductory course in public health and epidemiology
Authors: Calonge David Santandreu , Grando Danilla 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To develop a totally online reality-based course that engages students and enables the development of enhanced teamwork and report-writing skills. Setting: Outbreaks of infectious diseases impacts upon commerce, trade and tourism as well as placing strains on healthcare systems. A general course introducing university students to epidemiology and public health would help public education into the consequences of worldwide outbreaks. Methods: Scaffolding of course activities was used to enable students to build upon skill acquisition and development. Student feedback was used to continuously improve the course. Results: The course enables around 80 students per year to engage efficiently and effectively with the courseware. Student satisfaction was high and has improved with fine-tuning of the course. Conclusions: We have developed an effective team-based course that has high student engagement and satisfaction. The model could be used to effectively deliver other science-based courses online.
‘Remind to move’: a pilot study on the effects of sensory cueing treatment on hemiplegic upper limb functions in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Fong Kenneth NK , Jim Eska SW , Dong Vicky AQ , Cheung Hobby KY 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To investigate the effects of sensory cueing with repetitive practice on hemiplegic arm functions in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Design: A single-group pre/post comparison. Setting: A special school for children with physical disabilities. Subjects: Eight children with unilateral cerebral palsy aged 6–18 years. Interventions: Participants were required to wear for three weeks a sensory cueing, non-activated wristwatch device and complete 5 hours of conventional therapy per week (treatment A). This was followed by three weeks of continuing conventional therapy and wearing the now activated wristwatch, which prompted the children to do predetermined exercises on the hemiplegic arm for 6 hours daily, 5 days per week, for three weeks (treatment B), and three weeks follow-up. Main measures: Assessments of arm efficiency, functional hand use and arm impairments were carried out at baseline (day before treatment A), posttest 1 (day after treatment A), posttest 2 (day after treatment B) and follow-up (three weeks after treatment B). Results: Arm efficiency as revealed by the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test and the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency – but not actual arm use and grip strength – showed significant improvement after treatment B to follow-up (from 286.0 ± 73.9 to 191.9 ± 73.5, P = 0.002, and from 15.5 ± 5.0 to 18.1 ± 7.7, P = 0.021). Conclusion: This pilot study provides proof-of-concept data showing that a wearable device might be used to remind children with cerebral palsy to perform a set of predetermined arm exercises in order to promote hemiplegic arm function.
Bony Adaptation of the Proximal Humerus and Glenoid Correlate Within the Throwing Shoulder of Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Wyland Douglas J. , Pill Stephan G. , Shanley Ellen , Clark J.C. , Hawkins Richard J. , Noonan Thomas J. , Kissenberth Michael J. , Thigpen Charles A. 
Published: July 2012

Background: Elite throwing athletes have increased proximal humeral retrotorsion (HRT) and glenoid retroversion (GRV) in their throwing shoulders compared with their nonthrowing shoulders. These adaptive morphologic changes are thought to be independently protective against shoulder injury; however, their relationship to each other is poorly understood. Purpose: To determine if an association exists between HRT and GRV within the same shoulders of professional pitchers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The HRT and GRV measurements were determined using published techniques in asymptomatic bilateral shoulders of 32 professional pitchers (mean age, 23 years). Three measurements for each variable were averaged, and the reliability of the techniques was verified. The relationship between HRT and GRV within the same shoulders was determined with Pearson correlation coefficients. Paired t tests were used to compare HRT and GRV between the throwing and nonthrowing shoulder. Simple ratios were calculated between HRT and GRV. Results: Humeral retrotorsion and GRV were both significantly greater on the throwing side compared with the nonthrowing side (HRT: throwing = 9.0° ± 11.4° and nonthrowing = 22.1° ± 10.7°, P < .001; GRV: throwing = 8.6° ± 6.0° and nonthrowing = 4.9° ± 4.8°, P = .001). Within the same shoulders, there was a statistically significant positive association between HRT and GRV on the throwing side ( r = 0.43, P = .016) but not on the nonthrowing side ( r = −0.13, P = .50). The HRT:GRV ratio was 2.3:1 for throwing shoulders and 7:1 for nonthrowing shoulders. Conclusion: The concurrent increases in dominant shoulder HRT and GRV were observed as a 2:1 “thrower’s ratio.” As this relationship was not observed on the nondominant shoulder, it suggests that bony adaptation of the proximal humerus and glenoid are coupled during skeletal development in the throwing shoulder. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Scapular Muscle Rehabilitation Exercises in Overhead Athletes With Impingement Symptoms
Authors: De Mey Kristof , Danneels Lieven , Cagnie Barbara , Cools Ann M. 
Published: July 2012

Background: Previous research has identified some specific exercises to correct scapular muscle balance and onset timing in healthy subjects. However, evidence for their effectiveness in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms has been lacking until now. Hypothesis: A 6-week exercise program consisting of previously selected exercises is able to improve muscle activation and onset timing during shoulder elevation. This program may also change pain and functionality levels in overhead athletes with mild impingement symptoms. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Forty-seven overhead athletes with mild impingement symptoms (25 men and 22 women) were enrolled in this study. Before and after the 6-week training program, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score was individually obtained and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values were determined by surface electromyography. Mean muscle activation levels, muscle ratio data, and muscle onset timing were assessed for the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) trapezius and serratus anterior (SA) muscle during arm elevation in the scapular plane. Results: Forty participants completed the exercise program. The SPADI scores significantly decreased from 29.86 ± 17.03 during initial assessment to 11.7 ± 13.78 during postmeasurements ( P < .001). The 3 trapezius muscle parts showed increased MVIC values and decreased activation levels during arm elevation, whereas this was not the case for the SA muscle. After the training program, UT/SA significantly decreased, whereas UT/MT and UT/LT did not change ( P < .05). No differences in muscle timing between pre- and postmeasurements could be identified. The LT showed significant earlier activation compared with UT (−0.47; P < .001) and MT (−0.49; P < .001). The serratus anterior showed significant earlier activation compared with the UT (−0.74; P < .001), MT (−0.76; P < .001), and LT muscles ( F = 0.27; P = .046). Conclusion: This is the first longitudinal study to demonstrate that previously selected exercises (1) improve pain and function based on SPADI scores, (2) reduce relative trapezius muscle activation, and (3) alter UT/SA ratios. However, they were unable to change the timing of the scapular muscles during arm elevation when compared before and after a 6-week training program in overhead athletes with mild impingement symptoms.
Patterns of Use of Prophylaxis for Stress-Related Mucosal Disease in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Frandah Wesam , Colmer-Hamood Jane , Nugent Kenneth , Raj Rishi 
Published: July 2012

Background: Morbidity associated with stress ulcer–related bleeding, the cost of medications, and the possible complications associated with stress ulcer prophylaxis are important considerations when prescribing prophylaxis. We prospectively studied the prescription patterns for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients admitted to our ICU. Methods: We prospectively recorded the indications for stress ulcer prophylaxis and prescription patterns for use based on the American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists criteria and other indications for 99 new intensive care unit (ICU) admissions to a tertiary referral center. Results: In all 51 patients had no indication for stress ulcer prophylaxis, 32 had 1 indication, 14 had 2 indications, and 2 patients had 3 indications for receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis in the ICU. Eighty-two percent of patients without any indications received stress ulcer prophylaxis; 81% of patients with 1 indication, 79% of patients with 2 indication, and 50% of patients with 3 indications received stress ulcer prophylaxis. Overall, 53% of patients either received stress ulcer prophylaxis when none was indicated or did not receive stress ulcer prophylaxis when it was indicated. We also review the recent literature on stress-related mucosal disease and the use of prophylaxis for stress-related mucosal disease. Conclusions: Stress ulcer prophylaxis administration in this ICU is inconsistent and includes both underutilization and overutilization. Educating physicians and implementing hospital protocols could improve use patterns.
High GATA2 expression is a poor prognostic marker in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Luesink Maaike , Hollink Iris H. I. M. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Knops Ruth H. J. N. , Boezeman Jan B. M. , de Haas Valérie , Trka Jan , Baruchel Andre , Reinhardt Dirk , van der Reijden Bert A. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Zwaan C. Michel , Jansen Joop H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aberrant expression and mutations of transcription factors have been correlated with disease outcome. In the present study, we performed expression and mutation screening of GATA2, which is an essential transcription factor for regulation of myeloid lineage determination, in de novo pediatric AML patients. GATA2 mutations were detected in 5 of 230 patients, representing a frequency of 2.2% overall and 9.8% in cytogenetically normal AML. GATA2 expression analysis demonstrated that in 155 of 237 diagnostic samples (65%), GATA2 expression was higher than in normal BM. In complete remission, normalization of GATA2 expression was observed, whereas GATA2 expression levels stayed high in patients with resistant disease. High GATA2 expression at diagnosis was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.7, P = .045), event-free survival (HR = 2.1, P = .002), and disease-free survival (HR = 2.3, P = .004). The prognostic impact of GATA2 was particularly evident in specific AML subgroups. In patients with French-American-British M5 morphology, inv(16), or high WT1 expression, significant differences in survival were observed between patients with high versus normal GATA2 expression. We conclude that high GATA2 expression is a novel poor prognostic marker in pediatric AML, which may contribute to better risk-group stratification and risk-adapted therapy in the future.
Commitment to glycolysis sustains survival of NO-producing inflammatory dendritic cells
Authors: Everts Bart , Amiel Eyal , van der Windt Gerritje J. W. , Freitas Tori C. , Chott Robert , Yarasheski Kevin E. , Pearce Erika L. , Pearce Edward J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTLR agonists initiate a rapid activation program in dendritic cells (DCs) that requires support from metabolic and bioenergetic resources. We found previously that TLR signaling promotes aerobic glycolysis and a decline in oxidative phosphorylation (OXHPOS) and that glucose restriction prevents activation and leads to premature cell death. However, it remained unclear why the decrease in OXPHOS occurs under these circumstances. Using real-time metabolic flux analysis, in the present study, we show that mitochondrial activity is lost progressively after activation by TLR agonists in inflammatory blood monocyte–derived DCs that express inducible NO synthase. We found that this is because of inhibition of OXPHOS by NO and that the switch to glycolysis is a survival response that serves to maintain ATP levels when OXPHOS is inhibited. Our data identify NO as a profound metabolic regulator in inflammatory monocyte–derived DCs.