bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of high intensity fed‐batch mammalian cell cultures in disposable bioreactor systems
Authors: Paul Smelko John , Rae Wiltberger Kelly , Francis Hickman Eric , Janey Morris Beverly , James Blackburn Tobias , Ryll Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe adoption of disposable bioreactor technology as an alternate to traditional nondisposable technology is gaining momentum in the biotechnology industry. Evaluation of current disposable bioreactors systems to sustain high intensity fed‐batch mammalian cell culture processes needs to be explored. In this study, an assessment was performed comparing single‐use bioreactors (SUBs) systems of 50‐, 250‐, and 1,000‐L operating scales with traditional stainless steel (SS) and glass vessels using four distinct mammalian cell culture processes. This comparison focuses on expansion and production stage performance. The SUB performance was evaluated based on three main areas: operability, process scalability, and process performance. The process performance and operability aspects were assessed over time and product quality performance was compared at the day of harvest. Expansion stage results showed disposable bioreactors mirror traditional bioreactors in terms of cellular growth and metabolism. Set‐up and disposal times were dramatically reduced using the SUB systems when compared with traditional systems. Production stage runs for both Chinese hamster ovary and NS0 cell lines in the SUB system were able to model SS bioreactors runs at 100‐, 200‐, 2,000‐, and 15,000‐L scales. A single 1,000‐L SUB run applying a high intensity fed‐batch process was able to generate 7.5 kg of antibody with comparable product quality. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Clinical anatomy as practiced by ancient Egyptians
Authors: Loukas Marios , Hanna Michael , Alsaiegh Nada , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEgypt is famously known for its Nile and pyramids, yet not many people know that Egypt made possible the origin of the anatomical sciences. Several ancient papyri guide us through the Egyptians' exploration of the human body and how they applied anatomical knowledge to clinical medicine to the best of their knowledge. It is through records, such as the Edwin Smith, Ebers, and Kahun papyri and other literature detailing the work of the Egyptian embalmers, physicians, and Greek anatomists, that we are able to take a glimpse into the evolution of the anatomical sciences from 3000 B.C. to 250 B.C. It is through the Egyptian embalmer that we were able to learn of some of the first interactions with human organs and their detailed observation. The Egyptian physician's knowledge, being transcribed into the Ebers and Edwin Smith papyri, enabled future physicians to seek reference to common ailments for diagnosing and treating a variety of conditions ranging from head injuries to procedures, such as trans‐sphenoidal surgery. In Alexandria, Herophilus, and Erasistratus made substantial contributions to the anatomical sciences by beginning the practice of human dissection. For instance, Herophilus described the anatomy of the heart valves along with Erasistratus who demonstrated how blood was prevented from flowing retrograde under normal conditions. Hence, from various records, we are able to unravel how Egypt paved the road for study of the anatomical sciences. Clin. Anat. 24:409–415, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein Engineering of α/β‐Hydrolase Fold Enzymes
Authors: Jochens Helge , Hesseler Martin , Stiba Konstanze , Padhi Santosh Kumar , Kazlauskas Romas J. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe superfamily of α/β‐hydrolase fold enzymes is one of the largest known protein families, including a broad range of synthetically useful enzymes such as lipases, esterases, amidases, hydroxynitrile lyases, epoxide hydrolases and dehalogenases. This minireview covers methods developed for efficient protein engineering of these enzymes. Special emphasis is placed on the alteration of enzyme properties such as substrate range, thermostability and enantioselectivity for their application in biocatalysis. In addition, concepts for the investigation of the evolutionary relationship between the different members of this protein superfamily are covered, together with successful examples.
Desulfation Followed by Sulfation: Metabolism of Benzylglucosinolate in Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Opitz Sebastian E. W. , Mix Andreas , Winde Inis B. , Müller Caroline 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe sawfly species Athalia rosae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) is phytophagous on plants of the family Brassicaceae and thus needs to cope with the plant defence, the glucosinolate–myrosinase system. The larvae sequester glucosinolates in their haemolymph. We investigated how these compounds are metabolized by this specialist. When larvae were fed with ([14C]‐labelled) benzylglucosinolate, one major degradation metabolite, with the same sum formula as benzylglucosinolate, was defecated. This metabolite was also found in the haemolymph along with desulfobenzylglucosinolate, which continuously increased in concentration. NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with LC‐TOF‐MS measurements revealed the major degradation metabolite to be desulfobenzylglucosinolate‐3‐sulfate, probably converted from desulfobenzylglucosinolate after sulfation at the sugar moiety. The enzymes responsible must be located in the haemolymph. Additionally, a putative sulfotransferase forms benzylglucosinolate sulfate in the gut from intact, non‐sequestered glucosinolate. The corresponding desulfoglucosinolate sulfates were also detected in faeces after feeding experiments with phenylethylglucosinolate and prop‐2‐enylglucosinolate, which indicates a similar degradation mechanism for various glucosinolates in the larvae. This is the first report on glucosinolate metabolism of a glucosinolate‐sequestering insect species.
Connection probabilities and RSW‐type bounds for the two‐dimensional FK Ising model
Authors: Duminil‐Copin Hugo , Hongler Clément , Nolin Pierre 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe prove Russo‐Seymour‐Welsh‐type uniform bounds on crossing probabilities for the FK Ising (FK percolation with cluster weight q = 2) model at criticality, independent of the boundary conditions. Our proof relies mainly on Smirnov's fermionic observable for the FK Ising model [24], which allows us to get precise estimates on boundary connection probabilities. We stay in a discrete setting; in particular, we do not make use of any continuum limit, and our result can be used to derive directly several noteworthy properties—including some new ones—among which are the fact that there is no infinite cluster at criticality, tightness properties for the interfaces, and the existence of several critical exponents, in particular the half‐plane, one‐arm exponent. Such crossing bounds are also instrumental for important applications such as constructing the scaling limit of the Ising spin field [6] and deriving polynomial bounds for the mixing time of the Glauber dynamics at criticality [17]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Channels to Singlet and Triplet Phenylcarbenes in Phenyldiazomethane: A CASSCF and MRCI Study
Authors: Cui Ganglong , Fang Weihai 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDiazo compounds such as phenyldiazomethane (C6H5C(H)N2) exhibit intriguing phenomena including the ultrafast formation of singlet carbene and the excited‐state rearrangement reaction (RIES). In this work, we have used multi‐reference configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MRCI‐SD) and complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) methods to study the photodissociation dynamics of C6H5C(H)N2. The equilibrium structures, transition states in the lowest three electronic states (S1, T1, and S0), and S1/S0 and T1/S0 minimum‐energy crossing points both in the Franck–Condon region and on the pathway of the CN bond dissociation have been optimized. On the basis of the calculated S1, T1, and S0 potential energy surfaces, we have uncovered the most efficient pathways to the lowest singlet and triplet phenylcarbenes (C6H5CH) in irradiated C6H5C(H)N2.
Multiphoton Ionization and Circular Dichroism: New Experimental Approach and Application to Natural Products
Authors: Logé Christoph , Boesl Ulrich 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEnantio‐sensitive laser mass spectrometry is the combination of multiphoton ionization by circularly polarized laser light with mass spectrometric detection of ions. The method has been developed as a tool for the fast investigation of chiral molecules in sample mixtures without any preceding separation and offers many new experimental possibilities. The main difficulties of the detection of circular dichroism in this way arise from systematic and statistical deviations. Herein, we report the newest approach to overcome these problems using a so‐called twin‐peak ion source, back‐reflection of the laser light, and reference substances. By these means, the detection limit for circular dichroism can be lowered from the percent to the per‐mill range. The capabilities of the new setup are demonstrated by the investigation of several natural products.
Glycosylated synaptomatrix regulation of trans‐synaptic signaling
Authors: Dani Neil , Broadie Kendal 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSynapse formation is driven by precisely orchestrated intercellular communication between the presynaptic and the postsynaptic cell, involving a cascade of anterograde and retrograde signals. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), both neuron and muscle secrete signals into the heavily glycosylated synaptic cleft matrix sandwiched between the two synapsing cells. These signals must necessarily traverse and interact with the extracellular environment, for the ligand‐receptor interactions mediating communication to occur. This complex synaptomatrix, rich in glycoproteins and proteoglycans, comprises heterogeneous, compartmentalized domains where specialized glycans modulate trans‐synaptic signaling during synaptogenesis and subsequent synapse modulation. The general importance of glycans during development, homeostasis and disease is well established, but this important molecular class has received less study in the nervous system. Glycan modifications are now understood to play functional and modulatory roles as ligands and co‐receptors in numerous tissues; however, roles at the synapse are relatively unexplored. We highlight here properties of synaptomatrix glycans and glycan‐interacting proteins with key roles in synaptogenesis, with a particular focus on recent advances made in the Drosophila NMJ genetic system. We discuss open questions and interesting new findings driving this investigation of complex, diverse, and largely understudied glycan mechanisms at the synapse. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 2–21, 2012
Identification of spontaneous mutations within the long‐range limb‐specific Sonic hedgehog enhancer (ZRS) that alter Sonic hedgehog expression in the chicken limb mutants oligozeugodactyly and silkie breed
Authors: Maas Sarah A. , Suzuki Takayuki , Fallon John F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved, non‐coding ∼800‐base‐pair (bp) zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) regulatory sequence (ZRS) controls Shh expression in the posterior limb. We report that the chicken mutant oligozeugodactyly (ozd), which lacks limb Shh expression, has a large deletion within the ZRS. Furthermore, the preaxial polydactylous, Silkie Breed chicken, which develops ectopic anterior limb Shh expression, has a single bp change within the ZRS. Using an in vivo reporter assay to examine enhancer function in the chick limb, we demonstrate that the wild‐type ZRS drives β‐galactosidase reporter expression in the ZPA of both wild‐type and ozd limbs. The Silkie ZRS drives β‐galactosidase in both posterior and anterior Shh domains in wild‐type limb buds. These results support the hypothesis that the ZRS integrates positive and negative prepatterned regulatory inputs in the chicken model system and demonstrate the utility of the chicken limb as an efficient genetic system for gene regulatory studies. Developmental Dynamics 240:1212–1222, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of mutants with altered shh activity and posterior digit loss supports a biphasic model for shh function as a morphogen and mitogen
Authors: Zhu Jianjian , Mackem Susan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSonic hedgehog (Shh) controls the number and type of digits formed. Using a conditional genetic approach for timed removal of Shh, we previously proposed a biphasic model of Shh function: a transient patterning phase, during which digit progenitors are specified, and an extended proliferative phase, during which expansion of progenitor pools enables digit formation. Other models favor a close integration of digit patterning and expansion, with sequential promotion to more posterior identity over time, apparently supported by some mutants with selective posterior digit loss. To further test these models, we analyzed the dynamics of Shh activity in several oligodactylous mutants with different types of digit loss. The profile of Shh activity and phenotypic outcome in these mutants supports a biphasic over an integrated temporal model. Eomesodermin expression, as an independent marker of posterior digit identity, confirmed that proper digit 4 specification requires only the transient phase of Shh activity. Developmental Dynamics 240:1303–1310, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The chicken polydactyly (Po) locus causes allelic imbalance and ectopic expression of Shh during limb development
Authors: Dunn Ian C. , Paton I. Robert , Clelland Allyson K. , Sebastian Sujith , Johnson Edward J. , McTeir Lynn , Windsor Dawn , Sherman Adrian , Sang Helen , Burt Dave W. , Tickle Cheryll , Davey Megan G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractVariable polydactylous phenotype of Silkie chicken feet, with expression of Shh in the developing limb buds (which is responsible for the polydactyly). From Dunn et al., Developmental Dynamics 240:1163–1172, 2011.
Dynamic lineage analysis of embryonic morphogenesis using transgenic quail and 4D multispectral imaging
Authors: Bower Danielle V. , Sato Yuki , Lansford Rusty 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe describe the development of transgenic quail that express various fluorescent proteins in targeted manners and their use as a model system that integrates advanced imaging approaches with conventional and emerging molecular genetics technologies. We also review the progression and complications of past fate mapping techniques that led us to generate transgenic quail, which permit dynamic imaging of amniote embryogenesis with unprecedented subcellular resolution. genesis, 49:619‐643, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis’
Authors: Canadian Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Patel M, Lee CK. Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001093. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD001093.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Mixed‐Metal d‐f Phosphonate Frameworks – Photoluminescence and Magnetic Properties (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 13/2011)
Authors: Rocha João , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Shi Fa‐Nian , Ananias Duarte , Silva Nuno J. O. , Carlos Luís D. , Trindade Tito 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the self‐assembly of modular porous [LnFeIIIFeII6(Hpmida)6]·nH2O [Ln = Nd3+ (1), Gd3+ (2), Tb3+ (3), Er3+] frameworks (isolated as large single crystals) from individual {LnO6} octahedra, [Fe2(Hpmida)2]2– dimeric units and charge‐balancing Fe3+ cations. The simultaneous presence of d‐ and f‐block elements promotes multifunctionality: whereas the magnetic properties of the Gd3+‐based framework are highly sensitive to the local structural disorder, the emission lifetime of the Tb3+‐based material is increased three‐fold when the temperature is lowered. Details of the synthesis and characterization of this series of porous frameworks are given in the article by J. Rocha, F. A. Almeida Paz et al. on p. 2035 ff.
Do people become healthier after being promoted?
Authors: Boyce Christopher J. , Oswald Andrew J. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThis paper examines the hypothesis that greater job status makes a person healthier. It begins by successfully replicating the well‐known cross‐section association between health and job seniority. Then, however, it turns to longitudinal patterns. Worryingly for the hypothesis, the data–on a large sample of randomly selected British workers through time–suggest that people who start with good health go on later to be promoted. The paper can find relatively little evidence that health improves after promotion. In fact, promoted individuals suffer a significant deterioration in their psychological well‐being (on a standard General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) mental ill‐health measure). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benefits and costs of substance abuse treatment programs for state prison inmates: results from a lifetime simulation model
Authors: Zarkin Gary A. , Cowell Alexander J. , Hicks Katherine A. , Mills Michael J. , Belenko Steven , Dunlap Laura J. , Houser Kimberly A. , Keyes Vince 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYReflecting drug use patterns and criminal justice policies throughout the 1990s and 2000s, prisons hold a disproportionate number of society's drug abusers. Approximately 50% of state prisoners meet the criteria for a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence, but only 10% receive medically based drug treatment. Because of the link between substance abuse and crime, treating substance abusing and dependent state prisoners while incarcerated has the potential to yield substantial economic benefits. In this paper, we simulate the lifetime costs and benefits of improving prison‐based substance abuse treatment and post‐release aftercare for a cohort of state prisoners. Our model captures the dynamics of substance abuse as a chronic disease; estimates the benefits of substance abuse treatment over individuals' lifetimes; and tracks the costs of crime and criminal justice costs related to policing, adjudication, and incarceration. We estimate net societal benefits and cost savings to the criminal justice system of the current treatment system and five policy scenarios. We find that four of the five policy scenarios provide positive net societal benefits and cost savings to the criminal justice system relative to the current treatment system. Our study demonstrates the societal gains to improving the drug treatment system for state prisoners. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usability testing in the hospital
Authors: Anderson Judith , Wagner Julia , Bessesen Mary , Williams Linda C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is not unusual for hospitals to purchase equipment, devices, and materials based on preferences expressed by staff, based on economics and the best offer, or based on the promise of improvement by a new version. However, routinely subjecting potential purchases to basic usability testing provides valuable information upon which to base the decisions. Responsible manufacturers are interested in knowing of needed improvements to their products. Usability testing will also guide training for implementation. Usability testing is included in an introductory human factors engineering (HFE) session as part of a patient safety training course for physicians. Clinicians equipped with this skill are able to build evidence to support purchase decisions, make demands for improved design, and encourage a more thorough HFE evaluation by experts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model for predicting performance of cooling fans for thermal design of electronic equipment (Modeling and evaluation of effects from electronic enclosure and inlet sizes)
Authors: Fukue Takashi , Ishizuka Masaru , Nakagawa Shinji , Hatakeyama Tomoyuki , Koizumi Katsuhiro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study describes the performance of cooling fans in terms of the P–Q curve and the maximum flow rate under various environmental conditions. It focuses on the relationship between fan performance and configuration factors such as the electronic enclosure. The presence of an enclosure wall increased the pressure characteristic of the fan performance. The presence of a narrow inlet decreased the flow rate. When the inlet area of the enclosure became smaller than twice the fan flow area, the flow rate was decreased. The maximum flow rate depended on the ratio of the inlet area to the fan flow area. A model for predicting pressure rise and flow rates in the enclosure is proposed. The model is used in a thermal analysis of a PCB model set in an enclosure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20347
Immunoblot analysis of proteins associated with self‐assembled monolayer surfaces of defined chemistries
Authors: Cornelius Rena M. , Shankar Sucharita P. , Brash John L. , Babensee Julia E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntact and fragmented proteins, eluted from self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces of alkanethiols of different chemistries (CH3, OH, COOH, NH2), following exposure to human plasma (HP) or human serum (HS), were examined using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and immunoblotting techniques. The SAM surfaces were incubated for 1 h with 10% (v/v) sterile‐filtered, heat‐inactivated (h.i.) HS or 1% (v/v) sterile‐filtered h.i. HP preparations [both in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)]. Adsorbed proteins were eluted using 10% SDS/2.3% dithioerythritol for characterization of protein profiles. The type of incubating medium may be an important determinant of adsorbed protein profiles, since some variations were observed in eluates from filtered versus control unfiltered h.i. 10% HS or 1% HP. Albumin and apolipoprotein A1 were consistently detected in both filtered h.i 10% HS and 1% HP eluates from all SAM surfaces and from control tissue culture‐treated polystyrene (TCPS). Interestingly, Factor H and Factor I, antithrombin, prothrombin, high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), and IgG were present in eluates from OH, COOH, and NH2 SAM surfaces and in eluates from TCPS but not in eluates from CH3 SAM surfaces, following exposure to filtered h.i. 10% HS. These results suggest that CH3 SAM surfaces were the least proinflammatory of all SAM surfaces. Overall, similar trends were observed in the profiles of proteins eluted from surfaces exposed to filtered 10% HS or 1% HP. However, the unique profiles of adsorbed proteins on different SAM surface chemistries may be related to their differential interactions with cells, including immune/inflammatory cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.