bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer
Authors: Matharu G , Tucker O , Alderson D 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis has a poor prognosis. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been proposed as a treatment option. This systematic review examined recent literature to determine the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer.

Methods
Four electronic databases were searched between January 2004 and January 2010 for relevant studies. Defined outcomes of interest were treatment-related morbidity and mortality, long-term survival and sites of recurrence.

Results
Fourteen studies were identified involving 914 patients with gastric cancer, of whom 819 (89·6 per cent) received intraperitoneal chemotherapy. There were two randomized controlled trials, two case–control studies and ten observational studies. Methodological quality was rated as poor in 12 studies, with selection and observer bias apparent in most non-randomized cohorts. Studies were often small and varied in terms of intraperitoneal timing of chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents, treatment temperature, and the use of adjuvant therapies. In the better conducted studies, survival was longer in patients receiving intraperitoneal chemotherapy and surgery than in those having surgery alone.

Conclusion
There is limited good-quality evidence to determine the role of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in gastric cancer is worthy of further appraisal. However, the quality of trials must be improved, and studies must be conducted more uniformly to minimize bias and aid comparison between centres.
Nerve terminal distribution in the human tongue intrinsic muscles: An immunohistochemical study using midterm fetuses
Authors: Abe Shin‐Ichi , Kikuchi Ryusuke , Nakao Tadashi , Cho Baik Hwan , Murakami Gen , Ide Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntrinsic tongue muscles, especially the transverse and vertical (T&V) muscles, regulate the shape of the tongue. However, little information is available on the nerve distribution pattern in human T&V muscles. Using S100 protein immunohistochemistry for paraffin‐embedded histology, we investigated semiserial sagittal or frontal sections of eight human fetal tongues (180–240 mm crown‐rump length: CRL). The height of the T&V muscle bundle showed a threefold difference between specimens with a small and a large CRL. Thus, the T&V muscles were still growing at the stages examined. In the intrinsic longitudinal muscles and all extrinsic tongue muscles, we observed the typical motor endplate band. In lower‐magnification views, the T&V muscles also appeared to carry the band in the lateral part of the tongue, where the genioglossus muscle fibers did not cross these muscles. However, in higher magnification views, the nerve terminal distribution in the T&V muscles showed a unique rule: the nerve terminal for the transverse muscle bundle was located distantly from that of the adjacent vertical muscle bundle. This pattern seemed to be established during the stages examined. To provide such “distantly separated nerve terminals,” thin nerve twigs took a highly curved course oblique to the T&V muscle bundles. We hypothesize that the unique nerve course and terminal distribution in the T&V muscles are a result of sorting to provide a good functional match between the nerve fiber and the muscle bundle. After sorting, the T&V muscle cells may initiate proliferation to increase the muscle bundle. Clin. Anat. 25:189–197, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lumbar shape characterization of the neural arch and vertebral body in spondylolysis: A comparative skeletal study
Authors: Masharawi Y. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe lumbar vertebral shape is an important causative factor in spondylolysis (SP). However, a complete characterization of this shape, that would shed light on its pathophysiology enhance its earlier diagnosis, is still missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shape distinctiveness of the lumbar (L1–L5) vertebral body (VB) and neural arch (isthmus, lamina, vertebral canal, spinous, and transverse processes) in SP. Using a three‐dimensional (3D) digitizer, the VB length, width, height, and sagittal wedging as well as the lengths of the isthmus, lamina spinous, and transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) were measured from 115 male skeletons with bilateral SP at L5 and compared with 120 normal ones. Compared with the normal group, the following results were indicated in SP [analysis of variance (ANOVA), P < 0.05]: the VB's are significantly longer at the superior surfaces of L1–L4 and inferior surfaces of L1–L3 (total mean difference = 7.61 mm and 3.94 mm, respectively), and wider at the superior surfaces of L1–L4 and inferior surfaces of L1–L5 (total mean difference = 10.06 mm and 12.90 mm, respectively); The L5 VB is significantly shorter posteriorly (mean difference = 3.05 mm) and more lordotic (+1° of dorsal wedging); L5 is manifested with longer lamina (mean difference = 1.85–2.18 mm), longer isthmus (mean difference = 3.24–4.69 mm), and longer and wider vertebral canal (mean differences = 3.64 mm and 1.13 mm, respectively); The L2–L5 spinous processes are significantly longer (total mean difference = 7.45 mm). Clinically, detecting the aforementioned unique lumbar vertebral morphometric features in individuals suffering from chronic low back pain may facilitate the early diagnosis of SP. Clin. Anat. 25:224–230, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topographical anatomy of central venous system in extremely low‐birth weight neonates less than 1000 grams and the effect of central venous catheter placement
Authors: Eifinger F. , Brisken K. , Roth B. , Koebke J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCentral venous catheterization is widely used in neonatology. Although ultrasonic guidance for central venous catheter placement is available, complications occur significantly more frequently in infants, especially neonates, than in adults. This study seeks to determine the characteristics, topographical conditions, regional relationships, and diameters of the venous structures of the upper extremity and the thoracic central venous system in extremely small preterm neonates (mean: 900 g). Nine formaldehyde‐fixed preterm stillborns were prepared (mean 27 2/7 weeks' gestational age). The anatomical preparation involved the complete thoracic wall, neck and shoulder region, and preparation of the upper extremities. It was shown that the course of the internal jugular vein can be influenced by rotation of the head. Maximum head rotation (80°) to the contralateral side leads the internal jugular vein to overlap the common carotid artery and sharpens the confluence angle of the internal jugular into the brachiocephalic vein. We propose that this has the potential to result in dislocation of the catheter. Less rotation of the head (<30°) is favorable as the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery run in parallel. Commonly used central venous catheters (2F‐4F) may not occlude the vascular lumen completely. Small central venous cannulation using a single‐orifice catheter through arm veins (1F) may also not occlude peripheral vessels of the upper extremity (cephalic and basilic veins). The right internal jugular vein has a straight course, appears suitable for central venous access and less hazardous, especially when using stiff catheters. The use of small straight wire guides is recommended. Clin. Anat. 24:711–716, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topography of the arteries supplying the masseter muscle: Using dissection and Sihler's method
Authors: Won Sung‐Yoon , Choi Da‐Yae , Kwak Hyun‐Ho , Kim Seong‐Taek , Kim Hee‐Jin , Hu Kyung‐Seok 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVarious surgical procedures require surgeons to have detailed knowledge of the course of blood vessels in the masseter muscle, such as masseter muscle flap formation, mandibular angle resection, parotidectomy, and mandibular ramus osteotomy. Without this knowledge serious complications can occur, endangering the lives of patients. Occasionally, during routine dissections we sometimes encounter an additional branch. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive detailed anatomic description of the blood supply of the masseter muscle. This will provide critical information for various surgical procedures. Twenty‐five Korean cadavers were dissected and subjected to modified Sihler's method to reveal the branching patterns of the arteries surrounding the masseter muscle, and its intramuscular blood supply. The masseter can be supplied by seven branches from the external carotid artery. Among these, the masseteric branch from the deep temporal artery has not been described previously. This previously undescribed branch enters the medial surface of the masseter, turning medially around the anterior border of the ramus immediately after the branching point of the deep temporal artery. The branch originating from the transverse facial artery was the largest, and the branches originating from the external carotid artery and deep temporal artery were the smallest. Examination of intramuscular patterns revealed that the branches of the transverse facial artery were the most widely distributed. When considering arterial diameters and distribution areas, the branches of the transverse facial artery can be considered the main components of the seven branches supplying the masseter muscle. Clin. Anat. 25:308–313, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Very late thrombosis in a bare metal stent
Authors: Qian Jie , Yang Yue‐Jin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecent publications have emphasized the concept that restenosis of a bare metal stent (BMS) is not as clinically benign as previously believed. We present a case of very late stent thrombosis 9 years after implantation of a BMS is described. Optical coherence tomography shows plaque rupture in the stent. These findings suggest that the formation and progression of a neoatheroma over a previously healed intrastent vascular intima may represent a “new” mechanism for stent thrombosis. Evidence from the current case supports this hypothesis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrograde access via the popliteal artery to facilitate the re‐entry technique for recalcitrant superficial femoral artery Chronic total occlusions
Authors: Pappy Reji , Hennebry Thomas A. , Abu‐Fadel Mazen S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSubintimal recanalization is beneficial in selected patients with peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTO). However, in complex cases, re‐entry into the true arterial lumen may prove to be unsuccessful with a conventional guidewire or a re‐entry catheter when using standard femoral artery access. Our case series describes these technical dilemmas along with strategies that can be utilized to overcome these challenges. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Objective performance goals of safety and blood pressure efficacy for clinical trials of renal artery bare metal stents in hypertensive patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
Authors: Rocha‐Singh Krishna J. , Novack Victor , Pencina Michael , D'Agostino Ralph , Ansel Gary , Rosenfield Kenneth , Jaff Michael R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: To provide safety and performance goals for prospective single‐arm trials of bare metal renal artery stenting in patients with resistant hypertension associated with high grade atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Background: To date, there have been no US Pre‐Market Approval (PMA) bare metal renal stent device trials which have focused on improvement of blood pressure control as a primary effectiveness endpoint. Methods: Analysis of subject‐level data from three large industry sponsored pre‐market approval (PMA) trials was performed. Hypertensive patients (≥155 mmHg) with a ≥50% atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis were included. Thirty day and 9‐month systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, renal function and 9‐month duplex ultrasound assessment of renal artery patency were analyzed. Results: Initial data analysis of 600 patients from the 3 PMA trials identified 286 patients who met inclusion criteria. The mean baseline systolic blood pressure was 177.8 ± 19.3 mmHg with a mean 68.1% diameter renal artery stenosis. Nine months after successful stenting, the mean SBP was 156.7 ± 24.1 mmHg; the 9 month restenosis rate was 14.4%. Conclusion: Based on the statistical modeling of these data and a priori established performance criteria, the co‐primary endpoints of 9 month reduction in blood pressure and in‐stent restenosis are proposed. The reduction in blood pressure will be analyzed as a continuous variable and will be compared to this performance goal. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The results of transcatheter closure of VSD using amplatzer® device and nit occlud® Lê coil
Authors: Chungsomprasong Paweena , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Soongswang Jarupim , Lê Trong Phi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: We retrospectively reviewed the result of patients who underwent transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) using Amplatzer® Perimembranous or Amplatzer® muscular VSD device (the Amplatzer® group) and Nit Occlud® Lê VSD Coil (the Pfm group). Background: Perimembranous type (PmVSD) and doubly committed subarterial (DCSA) VSD were the major isolated congenital heart defects in Thai children. Transcatheter device closure technique for both types of VSD has emerged as an alternative treatment to surgery. Methods: Retrospectively, data was reviewed between 2003 and 2009. Results: 116 patients were enrolled. Device or coil was successfully implanted in 94%. Complete closure at 24 hr is slightly higher in the Amplatzer® group. The average size of VSD in the Amplatzer® group was larger than the Pfm group (P = 0.001). The Pfm coil was primarily deployed in DCSA VSD when compared with the Amplatzer® group (P < 0.01). At 6 months follow‐up the residual shunt was comparable (P = 0.054). There was only one transient AV block (AVB) in the Pfm group and 5 AVB in the Amplatzer® group. Four pacemakers were placed in the Amplatzer® group. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of VSD in both Pm VSD and DCSA can be achieved by using either of the device. The Amplatzer® VSD device had the advantage of closure of larger defects with immediate less residual shunt but appeared to have a significant number of 3° AVB, which required pacemaker implantation. The Nit Occlud® Lê VSD Coil had the advantage of closure of both types of defects, in particular DCSA VSD with only small residual shunt. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Studies of Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Aryl CH Bond Functionalization with Strained Alkenes: Origin of Regioselectivity
Authors: Chai David I. , Thansandote Praew , Lautens Mark 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMechanistic studies of a palladium‐catalyzed regioselective aryl CH functionalization of 2‐pyrrole phenyl iodide with norbornene are presented. Kinetic and spectroscopic analyses together with crystallographic data provide evidence for intermediates in a proposed stepwise mechanism. On the basis of the mechanistic studies, the origin of the regioselectivity is due to a ligand exchange between I− and HO− on the norbornyl palladium complex. These mechanistic studies also implicate that either alkoxide or water is responsible for the formation of the palladacycle, but a reversible ring‐opening–ring‐closing process of the palladacycle with HX can retard the rate of reaction of a key intermediate. The significant aspects of the proposed mechanism are discussed in detail.
Ligand Effects in the Formation of Tertiary Carbanions from Substituted Tertiary Aromatic Amides
Authors: Campbell Smith Alison , Donnard Morgan , Haywood Joanna , McPartlin Mary , Vincent Mark A. , Hillier Ian H. , Clayden Jonathan , Wheatley Andrew E. H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReaction of 2‐isopropyl‐(N,N‐diisopropyl)‐benzamide 5 with tBuLi in ether results in ortho deprotonation and the formation of a hemisolvate based on a tetranuclear dimer of (5‐Lio)2⋅Et2O. The solid‐state structure exhibits a dimer core in which the amide oxygen atoms fail to stabilize the metal ions but are instead available for interaction with two metalated monomers that reside peripheral to the core. Reaction of 5 with tBuLi in the presence of the tridentate Lewis base PMDTA (N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) takes a different course. In spite of the tertiary aliphatic group at the 2‐position in 5, X‐ray crystallography revealed that a remarkable benzylic (lateral) deprotonation had occurred, giving the tertiary benzyllithium 5‐Lil⋅PMDTA. The solid‐state structure reveals that amide coordination and solvation by PMDTA combine to distance the Li+ ion from the deprotonated α‐C of the 2‐iPr group (3.859(4) Å), thus giving an essentially flat tertiary carbanion and a highly distorted aromatic system. DFT analysis suggests that the metal ion resides closer to the carbanion center in solution. In line with this, the same (benzylic) deprotonation is noted if the reaction is attempted in the presence of tridentate diglyme, with X‐ray crystallography revealing that the metal is now closer to the tertiary carbanion (2.497(4) Å). Electrophilic quenches of lithiated 5 have allowed, for the first time, the formation of quaternary benzylic substituents by lateral lithiation.
Asymmetric Cycloaddition of β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketoesters with Electron‐Rich Alkenes Catalyzed by a Chiral Er(OTf)3/N,N′‐Dioxide Complex: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2 H‐pyrans
Authors: Zhu Yin , Xie Mingsheng , Dong Shunxi , Zhao Xiaohu , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) reactions of β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters with electron‐rich alkenes were investigated, with an N,N′‐dioxide/erbium(III) complex employed as the catalyst. Quantitative conversion of the β,γ‐unsaturated α‐ketoesters and excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) and diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 d.r.) were observed for a broad range of substrates by using a 0.5–0.05 mol % catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. The reaction could be scaled up to the gram scale with the same results. In addition, this was the first application of Er(OTf)3 to the asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand HDA reaction and it behaved as an efficient catalyst. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated with the synthesis of key intermediates of some natural products.
Benzylidene Acetal Type Bridged Nucleic Acids: Changes in Properties Upon Cleavage of the Bridge Triggered by External Stimuli
Authors: Morihiro Kunihiko , Kodama Tetsuya , Obika Satoshi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFour classes of benzylidene acetal type bridged nucleic acids (BA‐BNAs) were designed with 2′,4′‐bridged structures that cleaved upon exposure to appropriate external stimuli. Cleavage of 6‐nitroveratrylidene and 2‐nitrobenzylidene acetal type BNA bridges occurred upon photoirradiation and subsequent treatment with thiol caused changes in secondary structure to afford 4′‐C‐hydroxymethyl RNA. Benzylidene and 4‐nitrobenzylidene acetal type BNA responded to acids and reducing agents, respectively, resulting in hydrolysis of the acetal‐bridged structure. Cleavage of the bridge removed sugar conformational restrictions and changed the duplex‐ and triplex‐forming properties of the BNA‐modified oligonucleotides. Moreover, oligonucleotides incorporating a single BA‐BNA modification had considerably improved stability toward 3′‐exonuclease, which was lost upon cleavage of the bridge. Thus, these new BNAs may be useful as therapeutic and detection tools by sensing various environments.
Highly Trifluoromethylated Platinum Compounds
Authors: Martínez‐Salvador Sonia , Forniés Juan , Martín Antonio , Menjón Babil 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe homoleptic, square‐planar organoplatinum(II) compound [NBu4]2[Pt(CF3)4] (1) undergoes oxidative addition of CF3I under mild conditions to give rise to the octahedral organoplatinum(IV) complex [NBu4]2[Pt(CF3)5I] (2). This highly trifluoromethylated species reacts with Ag+ salts of weakly coordinating anions in Me2CO under a wet‐air stream to afford the aquo derivative [NBu4][Pt(CF3)5(OH2)] (4) in around 75 % yield. When the reaction of 2 with the same Ag+ salts is carried out in MeCN, the solvento compound [NBu4][Pt(CF3)5(NCMe)] (5) is obtained in around 80 % yield. The aquo ligand in 4 as well as the MeCN ligand in 5 are labile and can be cleanly replaced by neutral and anionic ligands to furnish a series of pentakis(trifluoromethyl)platinate(IV) compounds with formulae [NBu4][Pt(CF3)5(L)] (L=CO (6), pyridine (py; 7), tetrahydrothiophene (tht; 8)) and [NBu4]2[Pt(CF3)5X] (X=Cl (9), Br (10)). The unusual carbonyl–platinum(IV) derivative [NBu4][Pt(CF3)5(CO)] (6) is thermally stable and has a νCO of 2194 cm−1. The crystal structures of 2⋅CH2Cl2, 5, [PPh4][Pt(CF3)5(CO)] (6′), and 7 have been established by X‐ray diffraction methods. Compound 2 has shown itself to be a convenient entry to the chemistry of highly trifluoromethylated platinum compounds. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 2 and 4–10 are the organoelement compounds with the highest CF3 content to have been isolated and adequately characterized to date.
Columnar Benzoperylene‐Hexa‐ and Tetracarboxylic Imides and Esters: Synthesis, Mesophase Stabilisation and Observation of Charge‐Transfer Interactions between Electron‐Donating Esters and Electron‐Accepting Imides
Authors: Kelber Julien , Achard Marie‐France , Garreau‐de Bonneval Bénédicte , Bock Harald 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBenzo[ghi]perylene 1,2,4,5,10,11‐hexacarboxylic trialkylimide and dialkylimido‐dialkyl ester derivatives, displaying a thermodynamically stable hexagonal columnar liquid‐crystalline phase at room temperature, have been obtained by the use of previously unexplored chiral racemic α‐branched alkylimide functions. One of the trialkylimides described here is the first room temperature columnar solely oligo‐alkylimide‐substituted arene, and thus constitutes a prototype case of self‐assembling organic acceptor materials. As the related hexacarboxylic hexaesters are found to exhibit only a weak tendency to form columnar mesophases, benzo[ghi]perylene 1,2,5,10‐tetracarboxylic tetraalkyl esters have been synthesized by regioselective oxidative Diels–Alder addition of maleic anhydride to 3,10‐dicyanoperylene, and a room temperature hexagonal columnar mesophase was obtained with branched alkyl chains. The acceptor‐type electronic properties of the tri‐ and diimides have been found to be considerably more pronounced than those of the hexa‐ and tetracarboxylic esters, and to approach those of the prototype acceptor material C60. The formation of bathochromically absorbing donor–acceptor complexes was observed with a di‐ or triimide as acceptor and a tetraester as donor, but not with a hexaester as donor. Exploiting the non‐negligible differences in reduction and oxidation potentials between all four types of materials, the minimum HOMO energy difference necessary for charge‐transfer‐complex formation has been determined to lie between 0.29 and 0.35 eV.