bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Beauty and the Law: Analyzing Cosmetic Filler Litigations in South Korea for Safer Medical Practices
Authors: Kang Daihun , Hong Seung Eun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cosmetic filler injections have gained popularity in recent years, but the rise in complications has led to an increase in legal disputes. This study analyzes civil court rulings related to cosmetic filler injection lawsuits in South Korea from 2007 to 2023. A retrospective case analysis was performed using a systematic database search, and a mixed-methods approach was employed for data analysis. The study examined 27 cases, revealing a high success rate for plaintiffs. Skin necrosis and blindness were the most common complications, and intravascular filler injection was recognized as negligence. Violation of informed consent was found in most cases, with mean compensation awards of ￦193,019,107 KRW ($142,831 USD) for first instance cases and ￦81,845,052 KRW ($60,564 USD) for second instance cases. The findings emphasize the importance of practitioner awareness, adherence to precautionary measures, and proactive management of complications. Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for developing strategies that prioritize patient safety and minimize legal disputes in the aesthetic medicine industry. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing medical practices and safeguarding patient well-being in the field of cosmetic filler injections.
Predictive Model for Early Fluid Imbalance in Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Jiamaliding Ayijiang , Sun Gaolei , Wang Junhong , Duan Minjie , Ma Qingbian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Fluid loss is a pathophysiological process in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) that is important to control, but precise fluid therapy protocols are lacking. This study aims to build a prediction model for fluid loss in SAP by applying machine learning methods.
Method: This is a retrospective observational study. It included SAP patients with appropriate fluid therapy volume and who visited the Emergency Department of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 within 48 hours after onset of the disease. The 48-hour fluid volume was used as a measure of fluid loss. The amount of 48-hour fluid rehydration was taken as the predictive end point, and associated variables were screened using the Lasso algorithm. Prediction models were established with five machine learning algorithms: Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Catboost, and multiple linear regression. The validation was carried out with the test set, and the mean absolute error (MAE)，root mean square error (RMSE), R2, and fitting curve were used to evaluate the prediction efficiency. The soft voting method was used to fuse the above five prediction models to improve the performance of model. The SHAP (SHapley Additive explanation) method was used to explain the optimal model. Finally, to facilitate practical clinical application, the model was evaluated by analyzing 10 cases from the test set.
Results:
A total of 308 cases were included, from which 90% of patients were randomly allocated as the training set, and the rest were included in the test set. The Lasso algorithm was used to screen the 16 variables most associated with the amount of 48-hour fluid replacement. Of the five machine learning algorithms that were used to build the prediction models, the MAE and RMSE values of the XGBoost algorithm were the smallest and the R2 was the closest to 1, which indicated that the XGBoost was the optimal model. After model fusion, the model performance was further improved.
In order to enhance the visualization of the model and to facilitate clinicians’ understanding of the model, we used the model interpretation tool SHAP to explain the optimal model, XGBoost. Application of the model in 10 actual cases showed that the difference between the predicted fluid loss and the actual 48-hour rehydration volume ranged from 31.07-329.80 mL, validating the model’s good predictive ability.
Conclusion: In this study, we developed the Fluid Imbalance Predicting Model for SAP (FIPM-SAP), which can predict the specific amount of fluid loss in SAP patients. The predictive performance was good, demonstrating that the model has practical application for guiding clinicians in their assessment of 48-hour rehydration volume.
Development Trends and Knowledge Framework of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications in Oncology by years: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1992 to 2022
Authors: Koçak Murat , Akçalı Zafer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Oncology is the primary field in medicine with a high rate of artificial intelligence (AI) use. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the trends of AI in oncology, evaluating the bibliographic characteristics of articles. We evaluated the related research on the knowledge framework of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in Oncology through bibliometrics analysis and explored the research hotspots and current status from 1992 to 2022.
Methods: The research employed a scientometric methodology and leveraged scientific visualization tools such as Bibliometrix R Package Software, VOSviewer, and Litmaps for comprehensive data analysis. Scientific AI-related publications in oncology were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and InCites from 1992 to 2022.
Results: A total of 7,815 articles authored by 35,098 authors and published in 1,492 journals were included in the final analysis. The most prolific authors were Esteva A (citaition = 5,821) and Gillies RJ (citaition = 4288). The most active institutions were the Chinese Academy of Science and Harward University. The leading journals were Frontiers ın Oncology and Scientific Reports. The most Frequent Author Keywords are " machine learning ", "deep learning," "radiomics", "breast cancer", “melanoma” and "artificial intelligence," which are the research hotspots in this field. A total of 10866 Authors' keywords were investigated. The average number of citations per document is 23. After 2015, the number of publications proliferated
Conclusion: The investigation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the field of Oncology is still in its early phases especially for genomics, proteomics, and clinicomics, with extensive studies focused on biology, diagnosis, treatment, and cancer risk assessment. This bibliometric analysis offered valuable perspectives into AI's role in Oncology research, shedding light on emerging research paths. Notably, a significant portion of these publications originated from developed nations. These findings could prove beneficial for both researchers and policymakers seeking to navigate this field.
Hole-Embedded Graphene Metamaterial for THz Absorption: A New Approach for Efficient Device Design
Authors: Mishra M. , Sahoo N. , Sahu T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A new design is proposed for the realization of graphene metamaterials with enhanced robustness and absorption in the THz regime. The design uses the concept of embedding holes into a bilayer graphene sheet, which effectively works like a conventional fishnet-shaped metamaterial structure with better absorptance and spectral response features. Absorptance of both the structures are studied for multi-sheet configuration with sheet number (N), inter sheet distance (dil), and length of the resonating cavity (d). Interestingly the absorptance goes up with an increase in N for both the structures. Further, in the case of the proposed hole embedded structure, the rate of enhancement is more towards the higher N indicating improved performance. The study also reveals the effect of cavity length ‘d’ on absorptance. The absorptance of the metamaterials is optimized to a value of ~ 99%, for d = 22 µm, taking N = 8 and N = 7 for the cut-based and the hole embedded fishnet structure respectively. The proposed hole embedded design offers several benefits like it reduces design complexity, increases the robustness towards fabrication errors, needs less number of sheets, and shows a better spectral response. Such a design technique can be utilized to realize several other designs of meta materials.
Cerebral [18F]AIF-FAPI-42-based PET imaging of fibroblast activation protein for non-invasive quantification of fibrosis after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Tang Peipei , Liu Yang , Peng Simin , Cai Zhikai , Tang Ganghua , Zhou Zhou , Hu Kongzhen , Zhong Yuhua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The development of fibrosis after injury to the brain or spinal cord limits the regeneration of the central nervous system in adult mammals. However, the extent of fibrosis in the injured brain has not been systematically investigated in mammals in vivo. This study aimed to assess whether [18F]AlF-FAPI-42-based cerebral positron emission tomography (PET) can be utilized to assess the extent of fibrosis in ischaemic regions of the brain in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) or sham surgery (control). On days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-MCAO, the uptake of [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 in the ischaemic region of the brain in the MCAO groups surpassed that in the control group. Specificity to FAP was confirmed through immunofluorescence staining. Histopathological analysis revealed higher collagen deposition in the ischaemic hemisphere of the rats in the MCAO group than the control level. [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 intensity correlated with the density of collagen fibres in the ischaemic hemisphere (p < 0.001). [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 PET/CT imaging revealed high FAP in the infarct zone of ischemic stroke patients. PET imaging by using [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 offers a promising non-invasive method for monitoring the progression of cerebral fibrosis caused by ischaemic stroke and may facilitate the clinical management of stroke patients.
Trial registration: chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2200059004. Registered April 22, 2022.
Long-term care system for people with dementia in China: A critical analysis
Authors: Chong Haiyan , Liu Li , Hu Xiuying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Chinese people with dementia account for approximately a quarter of the global burden of diseases, while the traditional long-term care system that heavily relies on families is eroding. In response, the Chinese Government has launched several policies for dementia.We aim to describe governance structure for long-term care, synthesizing the policy developments since 2010, and analyze current issues and challenges in the system, and provide policy recommendations.
Method A critical analysis was conducted by looking for government reports, news, and searching the PubMed, Web of Sciences and CNKI database on China’s long-term care system for dementia from 1 January 2010 to 30 August 2023.
Results We described Chinese long-term care system for people with dementia from three overarching aspects: governance and policy, service delivery, and the system of financing. We found that the system is characterized by no specificity and continuity in policy, as well as lacking sections of professional long-term care services. Moreover, inconsistent designs in financing sources and eligibility have also been fully concerned.
Conclusions This study demonstrated the vitality of the dementia service market has yet to be fully stimulated in the Chinese mainland, problems such as unbalanced and inadequate development, insufficient effective supply, and low service quality still exist, and the long-term care services needs for people with dementia have yet to be effectively met. Currently, China’s policy for people with dementia is developing. Lessons from international experiences are may able to help China conduct novel health policy. It’s urgent to establish a unified national services system to promote the healthy development of care services for people with dementia.
Investigating the Relationship of Handgrip Strength and the risk of Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality though NHANES Studies
Authors: Huang Qiong , Ouyang Wenwei , Du Xiuben , Qin Xindong , Pi Ying , Wang Jing , Wu Yifan , Liu Xusheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background While research has highlighted an inverse correlation between handgrip strength (HGS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk, the precise impact of HGS on CKD remains unquantified. Moreover, the association between HGS and all-cause mortality in CKD patients warrants further investigation.Method Our research employs logistic regression, cubic spline analysis, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to examine the relationship between HGS and the risk of CKD, as well as to assess the varying mortality risks among NHANES participants with and without CKD.Result During 9018 person-years of follow-up, 660 all-cause deaths occurred. After multivariable adjustment, NHANES data analysis reveals an inverse J-shaped relationship between combined HGS and CKD risk across genders, with risk increasing as HGS falls below 68 kg for women and 86 kg for men. High combined HGS is associated with a significant 71.6% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality when compared to low combined HGS. In patients with CKD, a higher HGS is associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, evidenced by hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.96 for males (95% CI: 0.9–0.98; p < 0.001) and 0.97 for females (95% CI: 0.95–0.99; p = 0.038). Additionally, an increase in HGS is linked to a decrease in all-cause mortality, with HRs of 0.98 for both males (95% CI: 0.96–0.99; p = 0.004) and females (95% CI: 0.96–0.99; p = 0.022). Conversely, no significant association between HGS and mortality was observed in individuals without CKD.Conclusion The strong evidence highlights the crucial role of HGS in diminishing the risk of CKD and its link to increased survival rates.
Mixed Methods for Exploring Medical Students’ and Teachers’ Perception of Paediatrics Clinical Education at the University of Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Elshazali Osama Hafiz , Abdullahi Hala , Howden Stella 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The education environment is an important factor in supporting academic achievement, influencing student success in the short term as well as shaping professional careers. Students are key stakeholders in the academic process, and their perspectives should be considered when reviewing and enhancing the educational environment.
Objectives
The objective of the study was to explore medical students’ perception of paediatric educational environments in the context of primary medical education (MBBS) at the University of Khartoum.
Methods
The first phase was a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). In the second phase, the findings were shared with the paediatrics faculty, through a small group facilitated discussion to explore the educator’s views on the survey output and related actions in the last phase the faculty meeting recommendations were shared with the student representatives.
Results
The survey was distributed to all students in year 5 of the MBBS programme (total 308),191 (62%) students completed the DREEM questionnaire.
The total DREEM score mean was 113 ± 2.8 (56.5%), putting it in the ‘more positive than negative’ range, the mean item score for the study was 2.26. The highest overall perception was in the domain of perception of teachers (59.2%) followed by perception of learning (58%) and the lowest was for the students’ academic self-perception (53.7%).
The faculty meeting recommended enhancement of the programme organisation and delivery, the need for a faculty development programme and the need to explore enhancing student support.
Conclusions
Overall, the students had rated the programme as ‘more positive than negative’. The faculty has many strong areas that should be consolidated and other not so good areas that require enhancement. It is proposed that having a student support scheme and establishing a faculty development program would aid enhancement of the educational environment for the students.
Developing pediatric eye care program in Nepal: Insurmountable Mountains can be reduced to mole hills. The Orbis experience in Nepal.
Authors: Borah Rishi Raj , Gogate Parikshit , Sarvanan Saibaba , Mishra Sailesh Kumar , Gurung Reeta , Sapkota Yuddha Dhoj , Adhiikari Srijana , Joshi Purushottam , Pant Suresh Raj , Bachracharya Kabindra , Adhikari Hari Bikram , Gurung Govind , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Shah Ranjan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Nepal straddles the Himalayas mountains and its geography has posed a challenge to delivering eye care in children. This manuscript describes the pediatric eye care facilities developed, and children examined and treated under the Orbis International’s childhood blindness initiative.
Methods: Between 2010-2017 Orbis International had supported the Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh (NNJS) and Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO) to develop pediatric eye care centers in major hospitals, along with their outreach. This manuscript looks at the impact of that intervention. Reports of Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology and Orbis International were studied, along with publications on ophthalmology from Nepal. Eight child friendly pediatric eye care centers were set-up in eight hospitals and their pediatric eye care teams were trained under this project. An outreach program was designed especially for children’s eye problems in the form of health promotion and screening. The project monitored outcomes and promoted research.
Results: Between the years 2010–17, a total of 1,281,153 children had been examined in eight pediatric eye centres (an average of 20,018 per centre per year, range 10,729 –39,485) and the average outpatient per month per centre was 1668 (range 894 - 3,290). Between the years 2010 – 2017, a total of 42,430 children had been operated upon in eight hospitals (an average of 663 children per hospital per year, range from 96 – 1,465) and the average pediatric eye surgery per month per hospital was 55 (ranged from 8 to 122).
In the years 2018 & 2019 (21 months) post-project, all the 8 hospitals had operated on 14,252 children (average of 1,782 per hospital, range 185 - 4438) and the average pediatric eye surgery per month per hospital was 85 (range 9 to 211). Nineteen publications on pediatric eye care were published in indexed journals.
Conclusion: Orbis childhood blindness amelioration initiative in Nepal resulted in more than a million children examined, and >50,000 children underwent eye surgeries in the 8 pediatric eye care centres and the good service continued after the project was over.
Maternal cognitive and socioemotional caregiving with young children during hospitalization: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan
Authors: Mughis Waliyah , Rasheed Muneera 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: In high-income countries, specialized staff effectively use play-based interventions for reducing stress during pediatric hospitalization. However, in settings where skilled professionals are not available, training parents to implement these interventions can be a feasible option. Cultural aspects of caregiving should be considered when designing such interventions in different contexts.
Methods: This study was conducted in a private pediatric unit in Pakistan to explore maternal caregiving in cognitive and socioemotional domains with young, hospitalized children as well as its association with different child and family factors. Research assistants administered a cross-sectional survey to 281 mothers of young, hospitalized children aged 7-60 months, collecting information on the child's age, disease group, perceived health status, maternal knowledge of developmental milestones, education status. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Early Childhood Development module, a parent report measure was used to collect data on maternal engagement with caregiving activities in the past 3 days.
Results: Mothers reported engaging more in socioemotional caregiving activities (Mean 1.51, SD 1.77) than cognitive (Mean 0.88, SD 1.27). More than half of the mothers reported playing with their children, while less than a third reported telling stories. Mothers with higher education levels and children in better health status showed significantly greater engagement in socioemotional caregiving. However, no child or mother level factor was found to be associated with cognitive caregiving.
Conclusion: Caregiving patterns during hospitalization are similar to those reported e in community-based studies suggesting broader cultural influences on maternal caregiving practices.
Association between chronotype and psychological health in South Korean adolescents
Authors: Seo Jinhee , Won Sung-ho , Cho Sung-il 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background. Chronotype influences general health. Among the early, intermediate, and late chronotypes, the latter is positively associated with psychological problems. However, longitudinal studies on the topic are relatively limited. We assessed the association between chronotype and the mental health of adolescents, focusing on depression and somatic symptoms by cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
Methods. This longitudinal study relied on data from the KCYPS (Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey), which targeted middle school students. The sample consisted of 1,882 students who were assessed annually over a span of four years, from 2018 to 2021. The main exposure variable, chronotype, was determined by analyzing participants' sleep onset and wake times. The outcome variables, depression and somatic symptoms, were evaluated using the SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90) for depression and an emotional or behavioral problems questionnaire for children to assess somatic symptoms. Multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted both concurrently and prospectively, with gender stratification.
Results. Late chronotype was found to be associated with depression and somatic symptoms within the same year (Depression β=0.062, p=<.001; Somatic symptoms β=0.056, p=.018), and it also proved predictive of somatic symptoms one year later (β=0.055, p=.019). In males, insufficient sleep exacerbated the adverse effects of late chronotype on depression one year later (β=0.100, p=.042), and late chronotype was a predictor of somatic symptoms one year later (β=0.072, p=.024). On the other hand, in females, late chronotype was only correlated with depression and somatic symptoms within the same year (Depression β=0.061, p=.025; Somatic symptoms β=0.075, p=.005).
Conclusions. The late chronotype exhibited a negative impact on depression/somatic symptoms and proved to be predictive of somatic symptoms one year later. In females late chronotype was only concurrently related to mental health but in males it could predict mental health a year later, with moderation of insufficient sleep. These results provide insight into the relationship between chronotype and somatic symptoms and suggest that the negative impact of chronotype on the mental health of adolescents can be modulated.