bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration and cerebrospinal fluid cytology and immunophenotyping: A case report
Authors: Dunning Karla K. , Wudhikarn Kitsada , Safo Anthony‐Osei , Holman Carol J. , McKenna Robert W. , Pambuccian Stefan E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cytologic findings of an extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTCL) presenting as a large adrenal mass with leptomeningeal involvement diagnosed by CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology are described. The 65‐year‐old Caucasian patient presented with progressive headache and multiple cranial nerve neuropathies. Magnetic resonance imaging showed leptomeningeal enhancement surrounding the conus medullaris and cauda equine, and a subsequent PET/CT demonstrated a large right adrenal gland mass. Fine‐needle aspiration of the adrenal mass showed occasional large pleomorphic cells with prominent nucleoli, moderate amounts of cytoplasm, and rare large cells with sparse cytoplasmic granules admixed with numerous small lymphocytes. Initial flow cytometry from this sample showed no clonal B‐cell population. Immunoperoxidase stains performed on the cell block/core specimen showed that the large atypical cells were positive for CD2, CD30, CD43 and CD56, TIA‐1, granzyme, and perforin, but for none of the other T‐cell markers used (CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD45RO), which stained the abundant background lymphocytes. A CSF specimen showed similar neoplastic cells and flow cytometry showed an NK‐cell population with aberrant immunophenotype. The cytologic findings of the neoplastic cells and the extensive panel of immunoperoxidase stains allowed the diagnosis of NKTCL, which was confirmed by the subsequent flow‐cytometric immunophenotyping performed on the CSF. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of NKTCL diagnosed by FNA of the adrenal gland and by CSF cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between a traditional single still image and a multiframe video image along the z‐axis of the same microscopic field of interest in cytology: Which does contribute to telecytology?
Authors: Yamashiro Katsushige , Taira Kiyomi , Matsubayashi Satoshi , Azuma Manabu , Okuyama Dai , Nakajima Manami , Takeda Hiroko , Suzuki Hiroaki , Kawamura Naoki , Wakao Fumihiko , Yagi Yukako 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe limitation of cytologic still images is one of the reasons why telecytology has not met with widespread acceptance by the cytology community. Cytologic still image only displays a single depth of field, and this is a particularly acute problem in cytology where the specimen is often much thicker than a single microscopic depth of focus. In this article, we examine the validity of a “z‐axis” video of a microscopic field of interest.After observing videos of fields of interest from 10 cases, five cytotechnologists reached suitable cytologic findings and diagnosed the fields correctly in great majority of cases. Five other cytotechnologists, who looked only at a single representative still image, could not always make a correct diagnosis. The difference between two observer groups was statistically significant by Wilcoxon's matched pairs signed‐rank test.The results indicate that “z‐axis” video of microscopic field of interest provides a similar experience to “focusing through” observation of the specimen under a microscope and may improve an accuracy of primary telecytodiagnosis. And we expect that video image telecytology will strongly influence cytology, especially in education and training. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psammoma body: A product of dystrophic calcification or of a biologically active process that aims at limiting the growth and spread of tumor?
Authors: Das Dilip K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPsammoma bodies (PBs) are concentric lamellated calcified structures, observed most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), meningioma, and papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary but have rarely been reported in other neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions. PBs are said to represent a process of dystrophic calcification. Despite numerous ancillary studies over a span of three and half decades, formation of PBs remains a poorly understood mechanism. Ultrastructural study of PTC has shown that thickening of the base lamina in vascular stalk of neoplastic papillae followed by thrombosis, calcification, and tumor cell necrosis leads to formation of PBs. Studies on serous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary and meningioma, however, revealed that collagen production by neoplastic cells and subsequent calcification was responsible for the formation of PBs. The existence of some precursor forms of PBs was reported in meningiomas and more recently in PTC, which were mostly in the form of extracellular hyaline globules surrounded by well‐preserved neoplastic cells or in a smaller number of cases intracytoplasmic bodies liberated from intact tumor cells. Cellular degeneration and necrosis, leading to the disappearance of neoplastic cells, were noticed by us only around PBs but not around the precursor forms. Based on the above findings, it is suggested that rather than being the outcome of dystrophic calcification of dead or dying tissue, PBs may indeed represent an active biologic process ultimately leading to degeneration/death of tumor cells and retardation of growth of the neoplasm. It may also serve as a barrier against the spread of neoplasm. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine needle aspiration findings in malignant ameloblastoma: A case report and differential diagnosis
Authors: Reid‐Nicholson Michelle , Teague Daniel , White Barry , Ramalingam Preetha , Abdelsayed Rafik 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a case of malignant ameloblastoma presenting in the posterior mandible and cervical lymph nodes of an African American child. This case is somewhat unusual in that the patient was an adolescent and presented with metastatic disease. This partly clinical as well as cytologic diagnosis was facilitated by the presence of typical ameloblastoma cytology in multiple cervical lymph nodes adjacent to the histologically confirmed intraosseous ameloblastoma. Although cytology is helpful in diagnosing ameloblastoma, its features are by no means definitive as there are several cytologic mimics. A high index of suspicion is therefore necessary to confirm or exclude ameloblastoma when evaluating any jaw lesion and/or adjacent enlarged lymph nodes by cytologic examination. Adequate sampling is paramount to accurate diagnosis, and is especially important when attempting to distinguish ameloblastoma from ameloblastic carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of a well‐differentiated papillary mesothelioma in the inguinal hernia sac: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Wheeler Yurong Y. , Burroughs Frances , Li Qing K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWell‐differentiated papillary mesothelioma (WDPM) is an uncommon subtype of epithelioid mesothelioma. In contrast to malignant epithelioid mesothelioma, WDPM has a low malignant potential and an indolent clinical course. WDPM may be difficult to diagnose and differentiate from benign reactive mesothelial cells and other malignant neoplasm on cytology specimens due to the presence of papillary or tubulopapillary clusters of tumor cells. We report a case of a 63‐year‐old Asian male with a slowly growing left inguinal hernia mass for several years and a concurrent 8 cm mass in the peritoneal wall. The cytology of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the left inguinal hernia and peritoneal masse reveal cellular specimens with numerous individual and tubulopapillary clusters of epithelioid mesothelial cells in a background of scant hyalinized material. Tumor cells show minimal cytological atypia. The differential diagnoses are broad and include reactive mesothelial cells, WDPM, and other malignant neoplasm. The follow‐up surgical resection of masses reveals features of WDMP. It is important to recognize this entity in the differential diagnosis, because the clinical management of WDPM is quite different from that of malignant neoplasm. On the basis of the published data in the literature, it suggests that in male patients, the WDPM occurs predominantly in pleural cavity of older men in their 50s, and about half of the patients have history of asbestos exposure. However, the data is limited and insufficient for a definitive conclusion. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathological diagnosis of metastatic pleomorphic liposarcoma in the lung: A report of a case correlated with the histopathology of the primary tumour
Authors: Apostolou George , Biteli Maria , Chatzipantelis Paschalis 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS) is morphologically defined by the presence of pleomorphic lipoblasts in a background of high‐grade sarcoma. Representing the rarest variant of liposarcoma, PLS frequently metastasizes, most commonly to the lungs. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old male patient with pulmonary metastatic PLS. The primary tumour was located in the back thoracic wall. Cytopathological confirmation of the metastasis to the lung was offered using bronchoscopical sampling methods. Bronchial brushing and washing of the visible metastatic lesion revealed pleomorphic spindle‐shaped cells of high‐grade sarcoma with occasional lipoblasts. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: Its characteristic features demonstrated by fine‐needle aspiration cytology and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Urano Makoto , Kiriyama Yuka , Takakuwa Yasunari , Kuroda Makoto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTall cell variant (TCV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a rare tumor, which is usually associated with poor outcome, and pathologists often face the dilemma of proper diagnosis of TCV, not only by cytology but also histology. To allow surgeons to determine aggressiveness of the tumor before operation, it is important for pathologists to detect tall cell features correctly by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). However, the current criteria and definition of TCV are still controversial and confounded by another problem, the differential diagnosis from poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDC).In this report, we describe two cases of TCV and present characteristic FNAC findings. The tumor cells had a peculiar shape, which included tall, columnar, and oxyphilic cytoplasm with “eccentric,” basally located nuclei. We propose new terms for these cells, such as “tail‐like cells” or “tadpole cells.”In the surgically‐resected specimens, both cases exhibited remarkable extrathyroidal invasion accompanying prominent vascular invasions. They showed high Ki‐67 (MIB‐1) labeling index by immunohistochemistry, which indicated a higher proliferation activity of TCV than conventional form of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Furthermore, we discuss in this report the problematic issue of differential diagnosis of TCV from PDC and oxyphilic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of pleural metastases from a carcinosarcoma or true malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland mimicking a mesothelioma
Authors: Khadse Prashant , Prabhash Kumar , Pramesh C. S. , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Shet Tanuja 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMalignant mixed tumor of the parotid is known to have odd sites for metastases. We describe the fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of pleural metastasis from a malignant mixed tumor misdiagnosed as a mesothelioma on cytology at the onset.A 47‐year‐old man presented to us with breathlessness and a massive pleural effusion with pleural‐based nodules. He had been operated 2 years before for a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid and had a healthy scar at that site. FNAC from the pleural lesions showed myxoid background substance with entrapped cuboidal epithelial cells with atypical nuclei, which were interpreted as mesothelial cells. These cells in contrast to the usual mesothelial cells were not arranged in sheets but rather were huddled in places and formed a pseudoacinar pattern and blended with the myxoid substance.After the diagnosis of a mesothelioma, patient received pemetrexed and cisplatin based chemotherapy with partial response. While on chemotherapy tumor recurred at the primary site in parotid and was confirmed to be a carcinosarcoma on a FNAC and biopsy.To conclude, pleural metastases from a true malignant mixed tumor of the parotid gland can be misdiagnosed as mesothelioma and could occur in the absence of uncontrolled disease at primary site. Both mesotheliomas and pleomorphic adenomas metastatic to the pleura are biphasic tumors, but in a patient with history of pleomorphic adenoma, the latter should be kept as a foremost possibility. Attention to the cytomorphology of tumor cells will also assist in confirming the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A correlation study of diagnostic fine‐needle aspiration with histologic diagnosis in cystic neck lesions
Authors: Moatamed Neda A. , Naini Bita V. , Fathizadeh Payman , Estrella Julie , Apple Sophia K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis of a mass in the neck region encompasses a wide spectrum of differential diagnosis. Fine‐needle aspiration is a quick and safe technique, which can provide useful information for initial assessment and further therapeutic measures. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in cystic neck lesions. Of 142 patients with FNA for cystic neck masses during 2002–2007, 92 cases were selected with a follow‐up histologic diagnosis, excluding the cystic colloid nodule of the thyroid. The cases were divided into salivary gland cystic neck (37 patients) and non‐salivary cystic neck (55 patients) mass groups. False‐positive and false‐negative diagnoses were applied only to the malignant lesions after confirmation by histopathology. In the first group, nine malignant and 28 benign diagnoses were made by FNA; of which three were false‐negative. In the second group, there were nine malignant and 46 benign diagnoses with three false negatives. The overall performance of the FNA showed 76% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In conclusion, FNA of the cystic neck lesions offers an invaluable and highly specific initial diagnostic approach for the management of the patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration biopsy cytomorphology of primary pulmonary germ cell tumor metastatic to the brain
Authors: Arabi Haitham , Shah Mahendra , Saleh Husain 
Published: April 2009

AbstractExtragonadal germ cell tumors are uncommon and such tumors originating from the lung parenchyma are extremely rare. This is a case of 68‐year‐old female who was admitted with complaints of right‐sided weakness, inability to maintain her balance, right‐sided headache, and bloody sputum. Her workup revealed two enhancing brain lesions and large lung mass involving the left lower lobe. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of the lung followed by craniotomy was performed and the patient was initially diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma metastatic to the brain based on the cytomorphology of the lung FNA and histology of the brain mass. However, retrospective investigation revealed markedly elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP) of which the cytopathologist was unaware at the time of diagnosis. A review of the cytology and surgical specimen slides, as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the brain tumor and FNA cell block were preformed. On the basis of the slides review, clinical findings, and immunostaining results, a diagnosis of primary pulmonary mixed germ cell tumor, containing choriocarcinoma and yolk sac elements, with brain metastases, was retrospectively made. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytological features of carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini in voided urine cytology
Authors: Ohsaki Hiroyuki , Hirakawa Eiichiro , Kushida Yoshio , Kadota Kyuichi , Ishikawa Masashi , Haba Reiji 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCarcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini (CCDB) is a rare histological type of renal cell carcinoma. This article describes the cytological features of CCDB in voided urine, confirmed on the basis of the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The CCDB cells occurred singly in loose aggregates and in small clusters, occasionally in a rosette‐like structure. There were various types of cancer cells, including round to oval, spindle, and tadpole‐like cells. The nuclei usually showed coarse chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and lacy to vacuolated cytoplasm. CCDB of the kidney is a rare cytodiagnostic challenge in voided urine cytology alone. When the cytological diagnosis is considered, it is necessary to perform immunocytochemistry and correlate the clinical history and imaging studies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma masked by florid lymphocytic thyroiditis; A potential pitfall: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Triponez Frederic , McKee Thomas A. , Kumar Neeta , Matthes Thomas , Meyer Patrick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV–PTC) is a rare tumor with aggressive behavior that requires aggressive treatment. Despite characteristic clinical and histological features that easily permit diagnosis, pre‐operative fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis is often challenging and thus delays diagnosis. We describe the cytological features of a case of DSV–PTC diagnosed by FNAC in a 30‐year‐old woman presenting with an ill‐defined mass in her neck lasting for 2 months. Ultrasonograpy revealed a heterogeneous enlargement of both thyroid lobes suspicious for a lymphoproliferative syndrome. Flow cytometry showed a suspect B‐lymphocyte population. FNAC showed in five out of six slides an overwhelming presence of slightly atypical monomorphic small lymphocytes. The remaining slide showed syncytial tissue fragments of follicular cells with nuclear enlargement and pleomorphism, irregular nuclear membrane, grooves with scattered intranuclear inclusions, squamous metaplastic epithelium, and abundant psammoma bodies. A diagnosis of DSV–PTC was rendered and confirmed by total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Our report supports the possibility of obtaining a preoperative diagnosis of DSV–PTC by FNAC. In the case of diffuse thyroid enlargement, adequate sampling of the thyroid and the presence of the combination of features described in our case permitted the diagnosis of this PTC variant. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implications of the proposed thyroid fine‐needle aspiration category of “follicular lesion of undetermined significance”: A five‐year multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Morton M. J. , Cramer Harvey M. , Hirschowitz Sharon 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNational Cancer Institute State of the Science Conference on thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) summarized diagnostic terminology. Six diagnostic categories were proposed including “follicular lesion of undetermined significance” (FLUS). FLUS was defined as findings neither convincingly benign nor sufficiently atypical for a diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm” or “suspicious for malignancy.” It was proposed that this category represent less than 7% of thyroid FNAs. A search of the cytology records at three University Hospitals was performed for the term FLUS or older equivalent terms. Usage of FLUS was compared between institutions and among pathologists. Surgical pathology outcome for FLUS cases was determined. Twenty‐eight pathologists evaluated 6,872 cases at the three institutions. Use of FLUS varied among pathologists (2.5 to 28.6%). Frequency of use of FLUS among institutions varied from 3.3 to 14.9%. FLUS cases [127 of 673 (18.9%)] underwent surgical exploration with malignancy identified in 36 cases (28.3%) undergoing resection. Use of FLUS varied substantially among pathologists and institutions. FLUS category requires more rigorously defined morphologic criteria for it to become a useful guide in clinical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphometric analysis of testis cord formation in Sox9‐EGFP mice
Authors: Nel‐Themaat Liesl , Vadakkan Tegy J. , Wang Ying , Dickinson Mary E. , Akiyama Haruhiko , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSox9‐EGFP knockin mice were generated to label Sertoli cells and visualize testis cord formation during development. Confocal microscopy and morphometric analysis of developing cords were performed. Serial histological sections were used for three‐dimensional cord reconstruction. Initially, gonad length decreased from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E13.5, but increased thereafter, while gonad width doubled every 12 hours from E11.5 through E14.5. At E12.5, the average number of cords was 12.5, whereas this decreased to 10.4 at E13.5 and E14.5. Cord number at a given time point varied between gonads and influenced dimensions. The initial cords that formed were complex and branches were common. Time‐lapse imaging revealed an intricate behavior of the Sertoli–germ cell mass and cellular exchange between connected neighboring cords. These results suggest that cord formation is a highly dynamic process that subsequently becomes refined to establish the final number of seminiferous tubule precursors. Developmental Dynamics 238:1100–1110, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dyslexia and psycho‐social functioning: an exploratory study of the role of self‐esteem and understanding
Authors: Terras Melody M. , Thompson Lucy C. , Minnis Helen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIndividuals with dyslexia may have lower self‐esteem and exhibit more emotional and behavioural difficulties than those without reading problems. However, the nature of any relationship between self‐esteem and psychopathology remains unknown. This exploratory study assessed levels of self‐esteem using the Self‐Perception Profile for Children (Manual for the Self‐Perception Profile for Children. University of Denver, CO: Denver; 1985) and psycho‐social adjustment using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 1997; 38: 581–586) and examined child and parent understanding, attitudes and the perceived impact of reading difficulties on daily life. Sixty‐eight children assessed as dyslexic on the basis of discrepancy scores (mean age 11.2 years; 44 male), and their parents, participated. No global self‐esteem deficit was found, but the mean score for both child and parent‐rated scholastic competence was significantly lower than that of the general population. Rates of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties were significantly higher than in the general population and were correlated with self‐esteem. For children who had high global self‐worth, both children and their parents had more positive attitudes towards their reading difficulties and were less likely to perceive a negative impact on relationships. The association between academic self‐esteem and emotional symptoms is consistent with the proposed link between dyslexia and internalizing difficulties. Good self‐esteem and a good understanding of dyslexia may help children avoid some of these difficulties. Further research with larger more representative samples is necessary as understanding the factors that promote successful psycho‐social adjustment is essential to the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.