bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL Mapping for Milling Quality in Elite Western U.S. Rice Germplasm
Authors: Nelson J. C. , Jodari F. , Roughton A. I. , McKenzie K. M. , McClung A. M. , Fjellstrom R. G. , Scheffler B. E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTRice (Oryza sativa L.) milling yield is a key export and domestic grain quality trait whose genetic control is poorly understood. To identify genomic regions influencing grain quality, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed for quality‐related traits including head‐rice yield (HR) in 205 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of L‐204, a high‐HR long‐grain cultivar, with 01Y110, a low‐HR advanced breeding line with high yield potential in the temperate U.S. rice‐growing region. In replicated trials planted in California during 2007–2008, four QTLs carrying the HR‐increasing allele from L204 and three from 01Y110 were consistently expressed. Multi‐QTL models accounted for 30% of genetic variation for HR and up to 58% for other quality‐related traits. Measures of kernel damage, though correlated with HR, were poor predictors of HR. Heading time, kernel dimension, apparent amylose content, and other highly heritable traits showed no correlation with HR. Stable QTLs for HR are likely to be revealed best by multienvironment experiments employing larger population sizes or more direct measurement of kernel structure and development traits involved in kernel breakage.
Lateral Spread and Dry Matter Partitioning of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars
Authors: Jones Marcus A. , Christians Nick E. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTCreeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars are available that possess varying vegetative characteristics. A better understanding of the vegetative growth among creeping bentgrass cultivars is essential to its culture and would aid breeders in selecting for improved turf characteristics in germplasm screening programs. Our objectives were to identify differences in establishment rates among cultivars of creeping bentgrass and to determine the factors associated with differing growth rates by using growth analysis techniques. Spaced plantings of 24 cultivars of creeping bentgrass were evaluated for stolon characteristics and lateral spread. Two cultivars with differing lateral spread were used for further growth analysis in a growth chamber. ‘Penncross’ exhibited greater lateral spread and longer internodes compared with recently developed cultivars. ‘Bengal’ had the slowest lateral spread and the shortest mean stolon and internode length. Internode and stolon length were positively correlated as well as internode length and establishment rate indicating that cultivars with long internodes also possess fast establishment rates and longer stolons. Growth analysis indicated that Penncross and Bengal produce similar amounts of dry matter but Penncross allocates more dry matter into stolons than leaves. Variation in dry matter partitioning could partially explain differences in lateral spread among cultivars of creeping bentgrass. The vegetative characteristics should be matched with desired site usage requirements for optimum performance when selecting cultivars of creeping bentgrass.
Accumulation of Leginsulin, a Hormone‐Like Bioactive Peptide, is Drastically Higher in Asian than in North American Soybean Accessions
Authors: Kim Won‐Seok , Jang Sungchan , Krishnan Hari B. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTLeginsulin, a peptide made up of 37 amino acids, is homologous to pea (Pisum sativum L.) albumin (PA1b) and belongs to the cysteine‐knot family. Even though the physiological function and three‐dimensional structure of leginsulin have been explored, little is known about its expression, accumulation, and distribution among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] accessions. An antibody generated against leginsulin was used to screen a diverse array of soybean accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection to identify soybean accessions that are enriched in leginsulin. Analysis of 50% isopropanol‐soluble proteins from 485 soybean lines by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and western blot analysis enabled the identification of 75 accessions that significantly accumulated leginsulin. Remarkably, all these accessions with the exception of two had their origin from Japan, Korea, or China. Leginsulin was barely detected in most of the commercial North American soybean cultivars used in this study. Western blot analysis revealed low accumulation of leginsulin in the embryonic axis but not in the cotyledons of North American soybean cultivar Williams 82 while in the Chinese PI 458249 leginsulin was abundantly present in both types of tissue. Examination of the soybean cultivar Williams 82 genome sequence revealed the presence of two homologous leginsulin genes (Gm13 g26330 [leginsulin 1] and Gm13 g26340 [leginsulin 2]) on chromosome 13. We have cloned the two leginsulin genes from PI 458249 and found them to be highly similar to that of Williams 82. Northern blot analysis indicated that leginsulin messenger RNA (mRNA) was abundant in Williams 82 embryonic axis but not in the cotyledon. In contrast, leginsulin mRNA was abundantly present in PI 458249, both in the embryonic axis and the cotyledons.
Entscheidungskriterien im Umgang mit Naturgefahren (Essay)
Authors: Rheinberger Christoph M. 
Published: December 2011

Decision criteria for the management of natural hazards (essay)
Protection against natural hazards is of great relevance to the Swiss people. In recent years a number of tools have been developed to foster cost awareness and efficiency in the mitigation of natural hazards. Since the beginning of 2008, the calculation program EconoMe is used nationwide to evaluate new mitigation projects that exceed investment costs of one million CHF. EconoMe relies on two decision criteria; the maximum acceptable risk threshold (personal safety goal) and the benefit-cost ratio of the mitigation project. From an economics perspective one may ask whether the use of these criteria leads to an efficient allocation of resources. In this article I will scrutinize the criteria used in EconoMe. I will first show that the benefits from a mitigation project are not simply equal to the expected reduction in losses. The utility calculus propagated by welfare economists is but one possible decision criterion to evaluate risks from natural hazards. In the second part of the article I will discuss alternative decision criteria for natural hazard management and outline the consequences resulting from the use of these criteria. The article will conclude with some suggestions on how EconoMe could be further improved. In particular, I suggest the use of a more customized incremental cost criterion, the equal discounting of costs and benefits, and the use of the net benefit (instead of the benefit-cost ratio) as decision criterion.
Antimicrobial Potential of Copper‐Containing Titanium Surfaces Generated by Ion Implantation and Dual High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Finke Birgit , Polak Martin , Hempel Frank , Rebl Henrike , Zietz Carmen , Stranak Vitezslav , Lukowski Gerold , Hippler Rainer , Bader Rainer , Nebe J. Barbara , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Schröder Karsten 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe application of antimicrobial surfaces to titanium alloy (Ti) implants would be beneficial to prevent implant‐associated infections of joint endoprostheses and osteosyntheses. Copper (Cu) could be advantageously applied for this purpose, since it exhibits a well‐known antimicrobial activity and is a trace element in the human body, i.e., it is non‐toxic in small concentrations. This approach was evaluated with two plasma‐based surface modification procedures:

Implantation of Cu ions into Ti by means of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and
Coating of Ti surfaces with CuTi films by means of dual high power impulse magnetron sputtering (dual HiPIMS).
In this manner, the surfaces could be equipped with various amounts of Cu, as it was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surfaces released up to 8 mmol · L−1 of Cu within 24 h, measured with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Hence, the surfaces possessed an antimicrobial potential against typical infect‐associated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Surfaces with a higher Cu release prepared by HiPIMS technique revealed a higher antimicrobial effect, while surfaces implanted by PIII were less cytotoxic to osteoblasts (MG‐63 cells). These results show that Cu doped and coated implants could be useful for prevention and therapy of implant‐associated infections.
New quadrature‐based moment method for the mixing of inert polydisperse fluidized powders in commercial CFD codes
Authors: Mazzei Luca , Marchisio Daniele L. , Lettieri Paola 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTo describe the behavior of polydisperse multiphase systems in an Eulerian framework, we solved the population balance equation (PBE), letting it account only for particle size dependencies. To integrate the PBE within a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, we formulated and implemented a novel version of the quadrature method of moments (QMOM). This no longer assumes that the particles move with the same velocity, allowing the latter to be size‐dependent. To verify and test the model, we simulated the mixing of inert polydisperse fluidized suspensions initially segregated, validating the results experimentally. Because the accuracy of QMOM increases with the number of moments tracked, we ran three classes of simulations, preserving the first four, six, and eight integer moments of the particle density function. We found that in some cases the numerics corrupts the higher‐order moments and a corrective algorithm, designed to restore the validity of the moment set, has to be implemented. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3054–3069, 2012
Study on wear, cutting and chipping behaviors of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber reinforced by carbon black and in‐situ prepared zinc dimethacrylate
Authors: Wei Zheng , Lu Yonglai , Meng Yang , Zhang Liqun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, the wear (Akron and DIN) and the cutting and chipping (C&C) behaviors of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) reinforced by carbon black (N115) and in‐situ prepared zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) were investigated. It was validated that ZDMA was more effective than N115 to enhance the wear and C&C resistance of HNBR composites. The Akron wear resistance of the HNBR/N115 composites increased with the content of ZDMA, and the Schallamach ridges observed on the abraded surfaces became less and less clear. With increasing content of ZDMA, the failure mode of the DIN abraded surface underwent the transition from craters to Schallamach ridges, and finally to scratches. The HNBR/N115 composite reinforced by 10 phr ZDMA had the best DIN wear resistance when Schallamach ridges were the dominant failure mode. The use of 30 phr ZDMA can dramatically enhance the C&C resistance of the HNBR/N115 composites. The C&C resistance was suggested to be related to both the variation of the morphology of the C&C ridges and the direction of crack propagation as a function of the content of ZDMA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A comparison study of lignocellulosic–thermoplastic composites prepared from different compounding techniques
Authors: Rozman H. D. , Sobra Mulisa A. , Tay G. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA comparison study was carried out to determine the effect of different types of compounding technique, i.e., internal mixer, twin screw extruder, and high speed mixer in the preparation of kenaf‐polypropylene composite. The effect of percentage kenaf loading and particle size of kenaf (core) on the flexural properties of the composite was investigated. From the results, the incorporation of kenaf, regardless of particle size had resulted in the reduction of flexural strength of the composite. However, flexural modulus of the composites increased as the percentage of kenaf loading was increased due to the increasing of the stiffness contributed by kenaf fiber. Composites produced from internal mixer had displayed higher flexural properties as compared to those prepared from high speed mixer and twin screw extruder. It was believed that this phenomenon was attributed to the effectiveness of internal mixer with a better compounding mechanism which improved the wetting and distribution on kenaf within the polypropylene matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Toughening of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin improved by reactive copolymers with flexible alkyl side chains
Authors: Ochi M. , Ichikawa N. , Harada M. , Hara M. , Uchida H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractReactive copolymers with flexible alkyl side chains were used as modifiers to improve the toughness of a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. In this study, we used three types of copolymers with different alkyl chain length (C4H9, C6H13, and C10H21). As a result, the system with an added copolymer having the longest alkyl chain length (C10H21) formed a phase separation structure. The addition of this copolymer (C10H21) led to a 50% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) of the cured resin at the slight expense of its glass transition temperature. Scanning electron microscope observations in the vicinity of a crack tip after a compact tension test showed that cavitation of the dispersed phase occurred. The crack growth was inhibited and thus the toughness was improved due to the plastic deformation of the epoxy matrix followed by cavitation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of a novel polymer cholesterol‐poly(ethylene glycol) 2000‐glycyrrhetinic acid (chol‐PEG‐GA) and its application in brucine liposome
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Peng , Xiao Lu , Liu Dan , Feng Ming‐Sheng , Xiao Yan‐Yu , Chen Jun , Li Wei , Li Wei‐dong , Cai Bao‐chang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this research, a novel polymer cholesterol‐poly(ethylene glycol) 2000‐glycyrrhetinic acid (Chol‐PEG‐GA) was synthesized with four steps of chemical modification and elucidated by FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectra. To demonstrate the application of this Chol‐PEG‐GA in preparation of liposomes (CPGL), conventional liposome (CL) composed of PC and Chol was prepared and the effects of the quantity of Chol‐PEG‐GA on the physicochemical properties (entrapment efficiency, particle size, stability of storage, and so on) of CPGL were also evaluated. The ability of the sustained release and the liver targeting ability of CPGL were further studied in vivo in rats and mice. The results show that, the AUC and MRT of CPGL were increased 2.31 and 2.11 times when compared with CL, respectively. The CPGL delivered about seven times higher drug into liver as compared with CL. From the targeting parameters of CPGL and CL, we can also conclude that the CPGL is able to improve the liver targeting of brucine. All these results suggested that, the Chol‐PEG‐GA modified liposomes were potential as the sustained and liver targeting drug delivery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Hepatic Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Cancer in Elderly Cadavers
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Kwong Allison J. , Chu Edward , Hoo Nancy M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe incidence of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and cancer in the elderly population remains unknown. Human cadavers used in anatomy teaching, which come largely from older adults, may provide liver tissue for examining their pathologies. Livers were obtained from 68 cadavers (mean age 82.1 ± 10.4 years) with diverse causes of death in the Anatomy course at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red and evaluated for steatosis, fibrosis, cancer, and lipofuscin. Tissue preservation was graded as good in 38.2% of the embalmed livers, fair in 36.7%, and poor in 25.0%. Steatosis was observed in 35.3% of the livers, central vein fibrosis in 49.2%, perisinusoidal fibrosis in 63.2%, portal tract (PT) fibrosis in 47.0%, septa formation in 44.1%, bridging fibrosis in 30.8%, and cirrhosis in 4.4%. One hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and six metastatic tumors were detected. Lobular inflammation occurred in 20.8% of the livers and PT inflammation in 38.8%. Nine livers showed minimal change. Lipofuscin was detected in 60.2% of the livers. Steatosis, fibrosis, and cancer are highly prevalent in elderly cadavers with diverse causes of death. The prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis is consistent with the data in patients with specific liver diseases. Steatosis alongside fibrosis can accelerate the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis and ultimately HCC. Though not indicated as the primary cause of death, the liver injury may have compromised hepatic functions and enhanced disease susceptibility, thereby exacerbating the health conditions in this elderly population. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal Topographical Anatomy of the Upper Abdominal Lymphatics: Its Specific Features in Comparison With Other Abdominopelvic Regions
Authors: Kim Ji‐Hyun , Han Eui‐Hyeog , Jin Zhe‐Wu , Lee Hern‐Ku , Fujimiya Mineko , Murakami Gen , Cho Baik Hwan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing semiserial sections from 19 human fetuses of 8–30 weeks gestation, we examined the topohistology of the upper abdominal lymphatics and compared it with that of the lower abdominal and pelvic lymphatics. The upper abdominal lymphatics were characterized by an intimate relationship with the peritoneal lining, a common mesentery for the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Lymphatic connections from the upper abdominal viscera to the paraaortic and paracaval areas followed two routes: (1) from the intestinal mesentery, along the peritoneum on the left aspect of the proximal SMA, via the chain of lymph follicles (LFs) lying along the retropancreatic fusion fascia, to drain into the LFs around the left renal vein; (2) from sites along the peritoneum on the posterior wall of the omental bursa, via the root of the hepatoduodenal ligament, to drain into LFs around the vena cava. The development of these two posterior drainage routes seemed to be promoted by the peritoneum or a peritoneal remnant (i.e., fusion fascia) attaching to the great vessels, and inhibited or impeded by the developing nerves and diaphragm. No paraaortic, paracaval, or pelvic LFs lay along the peritoneum. The pelvic LFs were usually located along the bundle of lymphatic vessels originating from the femoral canal. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease in the UK: Geographic and temporal trends in incidence reflecting differences in degree of deprivation in childhood
Authors: Perry Daniel C. , Bruce Colin E. , Pope Daniel , Dangerfield Peter , Platt Mary Jane , Hall Andrew J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease, a common childhood precursor to osteoarthritis of the hip. This study was undertaken to analyze the incidence of Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease in the UK, with respect to geographic and temporal trends over a 19‐year period.MethodsThe General Practice Research database was analyzed to identify incident cases between 1990 and 2008 in children ages 0–14 years. Incidence rates were calculated by year and by region (National Health Service Strategic Health Authority regions in England, and Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and the association with regional markers of deprivation examined.ResultsOver the 19‐year period there was a dramatic decline in Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease incidence, with annual rates among children 0–14 years old declining from 12.2 per 100,000 to 5.7 per 100,000 (P < 0.001). There was also marked geographic variation, with incidence rates in Scotland more than twice those in London (10.39 [95% confidence interval 8.05–13.2] versus 4.6 [95% confidence interval 3.4–6.1] per 100,000 0–14‐year‐olds). A more rapid decline in incidence was apparent in the Northern regions compared to Southern regions. The quintile with the highest degree of deprivation had the highest disease incidence (rate ratio 1.49 [95% confidence interval 1.10–2.04]) and, with the exception of London, regional incidence showed a strong linear relationship with regional deprivation score (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe incidence of Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease in the UK has a strong North‐South divide, with a greater disease incidence within the Northern regions of the UK. There was a marked decline in incidence over the study period, which was more marked in Northern areas. The declining incidence, along with the geographic variation, suggests that a major etiologic determinant in Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease is environmental and closely linked to childhood deprivation.
Clinico‐Histologic Conferences: Histology and disease
Authors: Shaw Phyllis A. , Friedman Erica S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProviding a context for learning information and requiring learners to teach specific content has been demonstrated to enhance knowledge retention. To enhance students' appreciation of the role of science and specifically histology in clinical reasoning, disease diagnosis, and treatment, a new teaching format was created to provide clinical context, promote integration and application of science knowledge, and to foster peer teaching and learning: the Clinico‐Histologic Conference (CHC) for the Mount Sinai School of Medicine Histology course. Teams of six students were each assigned specific disease processes and were charged with creating oral presentations and handouts that taught their classmates about the clinical manifestations, etiopathogeneses, diagnoses, and treatments of the assigned processes, along with comparisons of normal histology to the pathology of the disease. Each team also created four questions, some of which were used on Histology written examinations. The physician facilitator evaluated the presentation and handouts. About two‐thirds of students agreed the CHC enhanced appreciation of the importance of histology, provided a context for integration and application of basic science to patient care and enhanced their ability to teach their peers. Student feedback demonstrated that the CHCs were successful in promoting teamwork, peer teaching, and the application of histology to diagnose diseases. The authors believe that teaching basic science content in this new format enhanced student learning and application of medical knowledge, and that this new teaching format can be adopted by other medical school courses. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.