bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BSACI guidelines for the investigation of suspected anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia
Authors: Ewan P. W. , Dugué P. , Mirakian R. , Dixon T. A. , Harper J. N. , Nasser S. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryInvestigation of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia requires an accurate record of events including information on timing of drug administration provided by the anaesthetist, as well as timed acute tryptase measurements. Referrals should be made to a centre with the experience and ability to investigate reactions to a range of drug classes/substances including neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) intravenous (i.v.) anaesthetics, antibiotics, opioid analgesics, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), local anaesthetics, colloids, latex and other agents. About a third of cases are due to allergy to NMBAs. Therefore, investigation should be carried out in a dedicated drug allergy clinic to allow seamless investigation of all suspected drug classes as a single day‐case. This will often require skin prick tests, intra‐dermal testing and/or drug challenge. Investigation must cover the agents administered, but should also include most other commonly used NMBAs and i.v. anaesthetics. The outcome should be to identify the cause and a range of drugs/agents likely to be safe for future use. The allergist is responsible for a detailed report to the referring anaesthetist and to the patient's GP as well as the surgeon/obstetrician. A shorter report should be provided to the patient, adding an allergy alert to the case notes and providing an application form for an alert‐bracelet indicating the wording to be inscribed. The MHRA should be notified. Investigation of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia should be focussed in major allergy centres with a high throughput of cases and with experience and ability as described above. We suggest this focus since there is a distinct lack of validated data for testing, thus requiring experience in interpreting tests and because of the serious consequences of diagnostic error. Cite this as: P. W. Ewan, P. Dugué, R. Mirakian, T. A. Dixon, J. N. Harper and S. M. Nasser, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 15–31.
Reproducibility of nasal allergen challenge in evaluating the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid treatment
Authors: Proud D. , Riker D. K. , Togias A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground
Although nasal challenge with allergen has often been used to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic modalities used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, the reproducibility of this model in quantitatively evaluating efficacy has not been rigorously examined.Objective
To examine the reproducibility of the suppressive effects of an intranasal corticosteroid on the clinical and biochemical outcomes of a nasal allergen challenge during two identical treatment periods using the same subjects.Methods
In a single‐blind study, 25 seasonal allergic subjects with positive skin tests to grass or ragweed were studied outside of their pollen season. Subjects underwent a baseline, three‐dose allergen challenge. Beginning 1 week later, subjects received two 7‐day courses of intranasal beclomethasone (168 μg b.i.d.) separated by a 1‐month washout period. Nasal challenges with allergen were performed after each treatment period. The nasal allergic response was evaluated by counting sneezes, recording symptom scores and measuring levels of albumin (an index of vascular permeability), lysozyme (an index of serous glandular secretion) and kinins (proinflammatory peptides) in recovered nasal lavages.Results
Compared with the baseline challenge, each course of beclomethasone significantly reduced sneezing, symptom scores, albumin and kinins, but not lysozyme. Reproducibility analysis of the net changes from diluent challenge in the two beclomethasone treatment periods, showed the following intraclass correlation coefficients: sneezing (0.92), lysozyme (0.82), symptom scores (0.72), albumin (0.64) and kinins (0.28).Conclusion
We conclude that the nasal challenge model is a reproducible method to evaluate the efficacy of anti‐allergic medications. For nasal corticosteroid trials, sneezing, symptom scores and albumin levels are recommended as the most reproducibly suppressive outcome measures. Cite this as: D. Proud, D. K. Riker and A. Togias, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 738–744.
Identification of Bet v 1‐related allergens in fig and other Moraceae fruits
Authors: Hemmer W. , Focke M. , Marzban G. , Swoboda I. , Jarisch R. , Laimer M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground
Allergy to fig fruit (Ficus carica) has been described in patients allergic to Ficus benjamina or rubber latex but may occur also in pollen‐allergic patients.Objective
To study the potential cross‐reactivity between fig and taxonomically related fruits with the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1.Methods
One hundred and eighty‐eight patients with or without birch pollen allergy were prick‐to‐prick tested with fig (F. carica), mulberry (Morus alba), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus; all family Moraceae) and other pollen‐associated foods. Moraceae fruit extracts were separated by SDS‐PAGE and tested with patient sera and polyclonal antisera against Mal d 1. Western blot inhibition was performed with Moraceae fruit extracts, birch pollen and recombinant Bet v 1. Putative Bet v 1 homologs in Moraceae fruits were analysed by liquid chromatography‐ion trap mass spectrometry.Results
Among 85 patients with isolated birch pollen allergy, 78% had a positive skin test to fresh fig, 10% to dried fig, 91% to mulberry, 91% to jackfruit, 77% to Rosaceae fruits and 83% to hazelnut. Sixty‐six per cent of birch pollen‐allergic patients positive for fig, reported symptoms after consumption of fresh figs, whereas dried figs were mostly well tolerated. In 60 patients with isolated Ficus benjamina sensitization, the reactivity rates to the same foods were 83‐40‐0‐0‐0‐0%. None of 32 mugwort pollen‐allergic patients reacted to Moraceae fruits. Rabbit anti‐Mal d 1 and patient sera reacted to a 17 kDa band in all Moraceae extracts. IgE binding to these proteins was completely inhibited by birch pollen and rBet v 1. Mass spectrometry identified several peptides from the 17 kDa fig, mulberry and jackfruit allergen with respectively 60%, 56% and 76% homology to Bet v 1.Conclusion
Fig and other Moraceae fruits contain allergens homologous to Bet v 1 and represent clinically relevant birch pollen‐associated foods. Cite this as: W. Hemmer, M. Focke, G. Marzban, I. Swoboda, R. Jarisch and M. Laimer, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 679–687.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cross-reactivity between mesquite pollen proteins and lima bean, an edible legume
Authors: Dhyani A , Arora N , Jain V K , Sridhara S , Singh B P 
Published: August 2010

Summary
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy often develops as a consequence of allergic sensitization to pollen proteins. Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) tree pollen is reported to be cross-reactive with other pollen species, but little has been reported on its cross-reactivity with plant-derived foods belonging to the same/different families. The present study investigates the in vitro cross-reactivity of mesquite pollen and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), an edible seed belonging to the Leguminosae family. Of 110 patients (asthma, rhinitis or both) tested intradermally, 20 showed marked positive reactions with Prosopis pollen extract. Of these, 12 patients showed elevated specific IgE to Prosopis pollen extract alone and four to both Phaseolus and pollen extract. In vitro cross-reactivity was investigated using inhibition assays [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition, immunoblot inhibition], histamine release and lymphoproliferation. P. lunatus extract could inhibit IgE binding to P. juliflora in a dose-dependent manner, requiring 400 ng of protein for 50% inhibition in ELISA assay. Immunoblot and immunoblot inhibition demonstrated the presence of 20, 26, 35, 66 and 72 kDa as shared IgE binding components between the two extracts. Histamine release, peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation and interleukin (IL)-4 levels also suggested allergenic cross-reactivity. In conclusion, there is humoral and cellular cross-reactivity between Prosopis pollen and Phaseolus seed allergens.
Extremes of l-ficolin concentration in children with recurrent infections are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FCN2 gene
Authors: Cedzynski M , Nuytinck L , Atkinson A P M , St Swierzko A , Zeman K , Szemraj J , Szala A , Turner M L , Kilpatrick D C 
Published: August 2010

Summary
l-ficolin (also called ficolin-2, P35 or hucolin) is a soluble pattern recognition molecule of suspected importance in anti-microbial immunity. It activates the lectin pathway of complement and acts as an opsonin. l-ficolin, encoded by the FCN2 gene, recognizes microbial polysaccharides and glycoconjugates rich in GlcNAc or GalNAc. We report here data concerning four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FCN2 gene and their relationship to l-ficolin serum concentrations. There are two pairs of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium: ss32469536 (located in promoter) with rs7851696 (in exon 8) and ss32469537 (promoter) with ss32469544 (exon 8). We selected groups possessing low or high serum l-ficolin concentrations (≤ 2·8 µg/ml or ≥ 4·5 µg/ml, respectively) from Polish children suffering from recurrent respiratory infections (n = 146). Low l-ficolin levels were associated with variant alleles for ss32469536 and rs7851696 and normal alleles for ss32469537 and ss32469544. Conversely, high l-ficolin levels were associated with variant alleles of ss32469537 and ss32469544. FCN2 genotyping should be a valuable additional tool for disease association studies.
An atherogenic lipid profile with low serum paraoxonase‐1 activity during nematode infection in rats
Authors: Farid Ayman Samir , Mido Shogo , Linh Bui Khanh , Hayashi Toshiharu , Horii Yoichiro 
Published: August 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (11): 984–993AbstractBackground  Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with cardiovascular diseases and underlying atherosclerosis. The high density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) enzyme is known to be involved in the protection of serum lipids from such oxidation. Nonetheless, the disturbances of lipid profile during nematode‐infected model have not yet been studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in male Wistar rats, a model of human gastrointestinal nematode infections, on hepatic PON1 synthesis and the levels of lipid parameters.Materials and methods  Nippostrongylus brasiliensis‐infected rats fed standard and high‐fat diets. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured on day 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14 post‐infection (PI). Hepatic PONs and pro‐inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression levels were evaluated in a standard diet‐fed groups, and the disturbances in lipid profile as well as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and oxidized‐LDL (Ox‐LDL) were measured in high‐fat diet‐fed groups.Results  We found that N. brasiliensis‐infected rats fed the standard diet show a significant reduction in serum PON1 activity and down‐regulation of hepatic PON1 mRNA expression as well as up‐regulation of hepatic IL‐1β, IL‐β receptor (R), TNF‐α, and TNFR1 mRNA expressions in association with hepatic recruitments of Kupffer cells and neutrohils. In the presence of the high‐fat diet, N. brasiliensis infection increases serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL/VLDL, TBARS and Ox‐LDL as well as decreases serum HDL coinciding with a maximum serum PON1 reduction.Conclusions  Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection can induce atherogenic lipid profile and reduce serum PON1 activity.
A mechanistic model for describing the sorption and desorption of phosphate by soil
Authors: BARROW N. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA model of phosphate reaction is constructed and its output compared with observations for the sorption and desorption of phosphate by soil. The model has three components: first, the reaction between divalent phosphate ions and a variable‐charge surface; second, the assumption that there is a range of values of surface properties and that these are normally distributed; third, the assumption that the initial adsorption induces a diffusion gradient towards the interior of the particle which begins a solid‐state diffusion process.The model closely describes the effects on sorption of phosphate of: concentration of phosphate, pH, temperature, and time of contact. It also reproduces the effects on desorption of phosphate of: period of prior contact, period and temperature of desorption, and soil: solution ratio. The model is general and should apply to other specifically adsorbed anions and cations. It suggests that phosphate that has reacted with soil for a long period is not ‘fixed’ but has mostly penetrated into the soil particles. The phosphorus can be recovered slowly if a low enough surface activity is induced.
Changes in organic and inorganic phosphorus composition of two grassland soils and their particle size fractions during 60–90 years of cultivation
Authors: TIESSEN H. , STEWART J. W. B. , MOIR J. O. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryChanges are reported in the chemical and biological composition of soil phosphorus (P) in a Black Chernozemic silt loam (Blaine Lake Association) and a Dark Brown Chernozemic sandy loam (Bradwell Association) during 60–90 years of cultivation. Cultivated and adjacent uncultivated soils were sampled, separated into particle size fractions by physical dispersion and the fractions subjected to a sequential chemical extraction to remove several forms of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and organic phosphorus (Po).In the uncultivated Bradwell soil significant amounts (7%) of secondary (NaOH extractable) Pi forms were associated with high levels of labile (bicarbonate and resin extractable) Pi. These secondary Pi forms, which were concentrated in the finer particle size fractions (<2μm), contributed to the P loss during cultivation of the coarse textured Bradwell soil, whereas all P loss in the Blaine Lake soils was due to Po losses alone. Sulphuric acid extractable P (thought to be mainly apatites) accumulated in both soils under cultivation, particularly in the coarse silt (50–5 μm) fraction. Labile P fractions were greatly reduced during cultivation, indicating a significant reduction in available P and P fertility of cultivated soils. This reduction in P fertility was closely tied to soil organic matter losses.
Use of centrifugal photosedimentation to measure the particle size distribution of clays
Authors: WHALLEY W. R. , MULLINS C. E. , LIVESEY N. T. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA procedure is developed which allows centrifugal photosedimentation to be used for analysing samples, such as clays, containing a broad range of particle sizes. The implicit assumptions that have to be made are discussed and the calculation of the particle size distribution from photosedimentation data is described. In particular, it is important to be certain that any light scattering theory, used to correct for the variation in light scattering with particle size, accurately represents the light scattering behaviour of clays. Appropriate theories of light scattering that can be used to correct photo sedimentation data for the variation in light scattering with particle size are identified. For kaolinite, over the size range 100 nm−1 μm, the anomalous diffraction theory for oblate ellipsoids was found to be a suitable theory for correcting photosedimentation data.
Influence of soil solution Ca concentration on short‐term K release and fixation of a loamy soil
Authors: SCHNEIDER A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe Ca concentration of the soil solution influences K plant nutrition by its influence on K concentration of the soil solution and on soil buffer power through ion exchange and K release or fixation. The effects of the imposed solution Ca concentration on the estimates of these parameters and on these two phenomena were studied on a loamy soil. Potassium sorption and desorption experiments were conducted for 16 h at five initial Ca concentrations (from 0 to 10−1 M) and followed by the measurement of soil exchangeable K (ammonium acetate extraction). Soil K‐Ca exchange properties and the contributions of exchangeable K and non‐exchangeable K to K dynamics of the soil‐solution system were estimated. The‘Ratio Law’ applied for the medium range of Ca concentrations, i.e. 10−1 M to 10−3 M. But, it failed for some experiments at small initial Ca concentrations (0 M and 10−4 M). This failure went with a decrease of the number of sites of great affinity for K in K‐Ca ion exchange and/or a decrease of the amount of K not in exchange equilibrium with Ca but extracted by M ammonium acetate. Release of K increased and fixation of K decreased when Ca concentration increased. The relation between the change in the amount of non‐exchangeable K during the experiment and the initial constraint (ø) was curvilinear on the large range of ø investigated. But, this relation was independent of Ca concentration. The K concentration of the solution for which neither sorption of K by the soil nor desorption of K from the soil occurred decreased and the slope of the sorption‐desorption curve at this K concentration increased when the solution Ca concentration decreased. These two parameters can be considered the K concentration of the soil solution of the soil and the buffer power of the soil, respectively, only if the initial Ca concentration imposed during the sorption‐desorption experiments is close to the Ca concentration of the soil solution of the soil. A predictive model of the soil buffer power based on ion exchange and release‐fixation properties is proposed. Despite some discrepancies at very low Ca concentrations (<0·5 mM Ca) when‘Ratio Law’did not apply the agreement between calculated and observed values was good. The model permits the correction of the experimentally obtained buffer power for the bias related to the great solution volume: soil weight ratio commonly used during the sorption‐desorption experiments.
Variation of the critical‐state boundaries of an agricultural soil
Authors: ADAMS B. A. , WULFSOHN D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe critical‐state theory can be applied profitably to analyse the mechanical behaviour of agricultural soil. Critical‐state parameters and other soil properties are affected by the microstructure and unsaturated nature of agricultural soils. We determined the critical‐state boundaries of an agricultural soil in both saturated and unsaturated triaxial tests and examined the effects of matric suction and initial structure on critical‐state boundaries. On the compression plane, the presence of air and matric suction in the pores of unsaturated soil significantly affected critical‐state boundaries by increasing compressibility, λ On the deviatoric stress‐mean net stress plane, the strength increased with matric suction. On this plane, the critical‐state lines for the unsaturated tests had non‐zero intercepts. For a given soil structure, the frictional parameter M remained fairly constant with matric suction change. However, a change in the initial microstructure resulted in a change in M, causing the position of the critical‐state line to ‘pivot’ in state space.
Effectiveness of four electronic apex locators to determine distance from the apical foramen
Authors: Stoll R. , Urban‐Klein B. , Roggendorf M. J. , Jablonski‐Momeni A. , Strauch K. , Frankenberger R. 
Published: August 2010

Stoll R, Urban‐Klein B, Roggendorf MJ, Jablonski‐Momeni A, Strauch K, Frankenberger R. Effectiveness of four electronic apex locators to determine distance from the apical foramen. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 808–817, 2010.AbstractAim  To evaluate the accuracy of four electronic apex locators (EAL) in the apical region (0–3 mm short of the foramen) and to compare the precision of the readings on the display with the real position of the file in the root canal.Methodology  Twenty single‐rooted extracted teeth with round root canals were used. The canal orifices were preflared, and the length to the major foramen was determined visually under a microscope. Canals were enlarged, so that a size 15 file fitted well inside the canal. Teeth were mounted in acrylic test tubes filled with physiologic saline solution. Electronic length was determined in the region between the major foramen and 3 mm short of it in 0.5 mm steps with the Dentaport ZX, Root ZX mini, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator and Raypex 5 using files of size 10 and size 15. The data were analysed using linear regression between true length and EAL reading, Bland–Altman plots and nonparametric tests at a significance level of alpha = 0.05.Results  The major foramen was detected by all EALs. With a measurement file positioned directly at the major foramen, meter readings were equivalent to a position 0.01–0.38 mm away. For the Dentaport ZX, a better accuracy using the size 15 file for the area 0–1.5 mm short of the apex was found. The differences in measurements between the two files were smaller for the other EALs. In linear regression, a good linearity for Dentaport ZX and Root ZX mini and moderate linearity for Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator and Raypex 5 were found. The slope of the measurement curve was too low (0.37–0.57) for the Raypex 5 and almost optimal for the Dentaport ZX (1.01–1.05). The Root ZX mini and the Elements Obturation Unit produced lower slope values and especially the Elements Obturation Unit revealed much higher SDs at the different measurement levels.Conclusion  Amongst the four EALs, the Dentaport ZX and Root ZX mini had the best agreement between true lengths and meter readings. For the Raypex 5, an interpretation of the colour‐coded zones as distance to the foramen cannot be recommended and might lead to erroneous interpretations.
Bioactivity of novel carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold incorporating MTA in a tooth model
Authors: Budiraharjo R. , Neoh K. G. , Kang E. T. , Kishen A. 
Published: August 2010

Budiraharjo R, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Kishen A. Bioactivity of novel carboxymethyl chitosan scaffold incorporating MTA in a tooth model. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 930–939, 2010.AbstractAim  To characterise the bioactivity of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) scaffold with and without incorporating mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in a tooth model.Methodology  Cross‐linked CMCS scaffold (CaC) and MTA‐coated CaC (CaMT) scaffold were prepared by freeze‐drying. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was tested in vitro in four different mineralisation solutions (bulk system) and ex vivo in simulated body fluid (SBF) in the tooth model. After mineralisation, the mineral deposits on the scaffolds were analysed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. All data were statistically analysed using the two‐sample t‐test (P < 0.05).Results  Hydroxyapatite (HAP) deposition was observed on CaC and CaMT scaffolds after 1 week of mineralisation in the tooth model and in the bulk system. The deposition was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on CaMT scaffold than that on CaC scaffold. The amount of HAP formed in the tooth model was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that in the bulk solution.Conclusions  The CMCS scaffolds are bioactive and capable of biomineralisation by forming HAP within a tooth model ex vivo. The bioactivity of the CMCS scaffold can be enhanced by incorporating MTA.