bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel LCD (coal tar) solution for psoriasis does not discolor naturally light or color‐processed hair in an exaggerated exposure test model
Authors: Johnson Colleen , Edison Brenda , Brouda Irina , Green Barbara 
Published: September 2009

SummaryBackground  Scalp psoriasis is reported to occur in 50–80% of psoriasis sufferers. Treatment of scalp psoriasis requires special consideration of product esthetics and staining potential due to the presence of hair.Aim  To evaluate the potential of a new, marketed liquor carbonis distillate (LCD; coal tar) solution to discolor naturally light or color‐processed hair under exaggerated exposure conditions.Methods  Samples of naturally light and color‐processed hair from a single donor were exposed to LCD solution repeatedly over 14 days and via submergence for 24 h. Color of LCD‐treated hair samples was compared with untreated control hair samples.Results  LCD solution did not discolor naturally light or color‐processed hair following repeated exposures and 24 h submergence.Conclusion  The marketed LCD solution does not appear to discolor naturally light or color‐processed hair.
Safety and effectiveness of hyaluronic acid fillers in skin of color
Authors: Grimes Pearl E , Thomas Jane A , Murphy Diane K 
Published: September 2009

SummaryObjectives  To assess the safety and effectiveness of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in skin of color.Methods  Two prospective studies followed up subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes of IV, V, or VI for 24 weeks after dermal filler injections. In a double‐blind, randomized study, subjects were injected with one of three high concentration (24 mg/mL) HA fillers (Juvéderm Ultra, Ultra Plus, and 30) in one nasolabial fold and Zyplast collagen in the other. In an open‐label, randomized study, subjects received one of three low concentration (5.5 mg/mL) HA fillers (Hylaform, Hylaform Plus, and Captique) in both nasolabial folds.Results  A total of 160 subjects (a subset of 439 study subjects) were randomized and treated with one of the three high concentration fillers, and 119 subjects were randomized and treated with one of the three low concentration fillers. For subjects treated with the high concentration fillers there were no occurrences of hypersensitivity or hypertrophic scarring, and no increased incidence of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation in non‐Caucasian vs. Caucasian subjects. For subjects treated with the low concentration fillers there were no occurrences of keloid formation, hypertrophic scarring, hypopigmentation, hypersensitivity, and three instances of mild hyperpigmentation. For all of the fillers the majority of subjects maintained ≥1 point improvement in nasolabial fold severity scores through 24 weeks.Conclusions  All of the HA fillers were well tolerated in individuals with skin of color and demonstrated effectiveness throughout the 24 week period. Furthermore, the fillers provided smooth, natural‐looking wrinkle correction in darker skin types.
Landscape modification by meltwater channels at margins of cold‐based glaciers, Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: ATKINS CLIFF B. , DICKINSON WARREN W. 
Published: September 2009

Atkins, C. B. & Dickinson, W. W. 2007 (January): Landscape modification by meltwater channels at margins of cold‐based glaciers, Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Boreas, Vol. 36, pp. 47–55. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.This article describes distinctive lateral meltwater channels at the margins of low‐elevation cold‐based glaciers in the Dry Valleys. The channels significantly modify the ground surface and indicate that cold‐based glaciers can be active geomorphic agents. Summer meltwater from the glacier surface flows over ice‐aprons and erodes into the frozen ground creating channels up to 3 m deep and 10 m wide adjacent to unmodified ground that is protected beneath the glacier itself. Rapid fluvial excavation in the channels leads to undercutting and collapse of channel walls, which is capable of overturning large boulders. During glacial retreat, a succession of channels is incised into newly exposed ground creating a distinctive series of nested lateral channels and ridges. These represent the most obvious and persistent geomorphological signature of cold‐based glacier activity in the region. Cold‐based glaciers may advance and retreat over the same area many times without necessarily destroying older features, thereby creating a complex series of channels, deposits and remnant surfaces with a disordered chronology. Recognizing the role of cold‐based glaciers and their meltwater channels on landscape evolution is critical for interpreting the timing and style of glacial events in the Antarctic.
DAMOCLES: a DAshing MOnolith Cutter for fine sectioning of peats and sediments into LargE Slices
Authors: JOOSTEN HANS , KLERK PIM DE 
Published: September 2009

Joosten, H. & de Klerk, P. 2007 (January): DAMOCLES: a DAshing MOnolith Cutter for fine sectioning of peats and sediments into LargE Slices. Boreas, Vol. 36, pp. 76–81. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Simple cutting devices such as used in the printing industry allow precise and fine sectioning of frozen peats and sediments, thus enabling research with high temporal resolution. Large slices are useful in the collection of multiple synchronous subsamples for multidisciplinary research. This article describes the apparatus (called DAMOCLES) and its operation, and presents some examples from practice. These include combined microfossil, macrofossil and chemical analyses of the same sample with a sample resolution of 0.5 cm (temporal resolution c. 1 year): rapid changes occur that would have remained unnoticed with a coarser sampling distance. The final example presents a sample resolution of only 0.5 mm. These examples illustrate the possible uses of the DAMOCLES apparatus in palaeoecological research.
A new Holocene sea‐level curve for the southern North Sea
Authors: BEHRE KARL‐ERNST 
Published: September 2009

Behre, K.‐E. 2007 (January): A new Holocene sea‐level curve for the southern North Sea. Boreas, Vol. 36, pp. 82–102. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.A new sea‐level curve (MHW, mean high water level) for the southern North Sea is presented, spanning the last 10000 years and based on new data recently obtained along the German coast. The 118 dates were selected from basal as well as intercalated peats of the Holocene sequence and archaeological dates from the last 3000 years. Because of different MHW levels along the German North Sea coast, all data were corrected to the standard tide gauge at Wilhelmshaven to make them comparable. Special advantages of this area for sea‐level reconstructions are negligible tectonic and isostatic subsidence and the absence of coastal barrier systems that might have mitigated or masked sea‐level changes. Changes of water level had therefore immediate consequences for the facies and could be dated exactly. The chronostratigraphic Calais‐Dunkirk system has been improved and adapted to the new data. Altogether seven regressions (R 1‐R 7) have been identified, each of them characterized by a distinct decline in sea level. These fluctuations are in accord with the evidence from other parts of the North Sea region. A draft of former North Sea shorelines is presented on the basis of this sea‐level curve.
Secretion of SDF‐1α by bone marrow‐derived stromal cells enhances skin wound healing of C57BL/6 mice exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Landry Yannick , Lê Oanh , Mace Kimberly A. , Restivo Terry E. , Beauséjour Christian M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPatients treated for cancer therapy using ionizing radiation (IR) have delayed tissue repair and regeneration. The mechanisms mediating these defects remain largely unknown at present, thus limiting the development of therapeutic approaches. Using a wound healing model, we here investigate the mechanisms by which IR exposure limits skin regeneration. Our data show that induction of the stromal cell‐derived growth factor 1α (SDF‐1α) is severely impaired in the wounded skin of irradiated, compared to non‐irradiated, mice. Hence, we evaluated the potential of bone marrow‐derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), which secrete high levels of SDF‐1α, to improve skin regeneration in irradiated mice. Injection of MSCs into the wound margin led to remarkable enhancement of skin healing in mice exposed to IR. Injection of irradiated MSCs into the wound periphery of non‐irradiated mice delayed wound closure, also suggesting an important role for the stromal microenvironment in skin repair. The beneficial actions of MSCs were mainly paracrine, as the cells did not differentiate into keratinocytes. Specific knockdown of SDF‐1α expression led to drastically reduced efficiency of MSCs in improving wound closure, indicating that SDF‐1α secretion by MSCs is largely responsible for their beneficial action. We also found that one mechanism by which SDF‐1α enhances wound closure likely involves increased skin vascularization. Our findings collectively indicate that SDF‐1α is an important deregulated cytokine in irradiated wounded skin, and that the decline in tissue regeneration potential following IR can be reversed, given adequate microenvironmental support
Identification of a novel pro‐apopotic function of NF‐κB in the DNA damage response
Authors: Karl Sabine , Pritschow Yvonne , Volcic Meta , Häcker Sabine , Baumann Bernd , Wiesmüller Lisa , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Fulda Simone 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNF‐κB is activated by DNA‐damaging anticancer drugs as part of the cellular stress response. However, the consequences of drug‐induced NF‐κB activation are still only partly understood. To investigate the impact of NF‐κB on the cell’s response to DNA damage, we engineered glioblastoma cells that stably express mutant IκBα superrepressor (IκBα‐SR) to block NF‐κB activation. Here, we identify a novel pro‐apoptotic function of NF‐κB in the DNA damage response in glioblastoma cells. Chemotherapeutic drugs that intercalate into DNA and inhibit topoisomerase II such as Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin and Mitoxantrone stimulate NF‐κB DNA binding and transcriptional activity prior to induction of cell death. Importantly, specific inhibition of drug‐induced NF‐κB activation by IκBα‐SR or RNA interference against p65 significantly reduces apoptosis upon treatment with Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin or Mitoxantrone. NF‐κB exerts this pro‐apoptotic function especially after pulse drug exposure as compared to continuous treatment indicating that the contribution of NF‐κB becomes relevant during the recovery phase following the initial DNA damage. Mechanistic studies show that NF‐κB inhibition does not alter Doxorubicin uptake and efflux or cell cycle alterations. Genetic silencing of p53 by RNA interference reveals that NF‐κB promotes drug‐induced apoptosis in a p53‐independent manner. Intriguingly, drug‐mediated NF‐κB activation results in a significant increase in DNA damage prior to the induction of apoptosis. By demonstrating that NF‐κB promotes DNA damage formation and apoptosis upon pulse treatment with DNA intercalators, our findings provide novel insights into the control of the DNA damage response by NF‐κB in glioblastoma.
Neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Donev Rossen , Kolev Martin , Millet Bruno , Thome Johannes 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntroductionOrigin of the disease and mechanisms for neuronal death in ADTreatment approachesConclusionsAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. A number of different risk factors have been implicated in AD; however, neuritic (amyloid) plaques are considered as one of the defining risk factors and pathological hallmarks of the disease. In the past decade, enormous efforts have been devoted to understand the genetics and molecular pathogenesis leading to neuronal death in AD, which has been transferred into extensive experimental approaches aimed at reversing disease progression. Modern medicine is facing an increasing number of treatments available for vascular and neurodegenerative brain diseases, but no causal or neuroprotective treatment has yet been established. Almost all neurological conditions are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction, which, regardless of the pathogenetic mechanism, finally leads to neuronal death. The particular emphasis of this review is on risk factors and mechanisms resulting in neuronal loss in AD and current and prospective opportunities for therapeutic interventions. This review discusses these issues with a view to inspiring the development of new agents that could be useful for the treatment of AD.
Sepsis, complement and the dysregulated inflammatory response
Authors: Ward Peter A. , Gao Hongwei 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Future directions

Sepsis in human beings is a major problem involving many individuals and with a high death rate. Except for a single drug (recombinant activated protein C) that has been approved for treatment of septic patients, supportive measures represent the main clinical approach. There are many models of experimental sepsis, mostly in rodents. A commonly used model is cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In this model, robust activation of complement occurs together with up‐regulation of C5a receptors (C5aR, C5L2) in a variety of different organs (lungs, kidneys, liver, heart). In septic human beings there is abundant evidence for complement activation. Interception of C5a or its receptors in the CLP model greatly improves survival in septic rodents. There is compelling evidence that CLP causes an intense pro‐inflammatory state and that C5a interaction with its receptors can be linked to apoptosis of the lymphoid system and cells of the adrenal medulla, loss of innate immune functions of blood neutrophils, consumptive coagulopathy and cardiac dysfunction. These findings may have implications for therapeutic interventions in human beings with sepsis.
Hard tissue alterations after socket preservation with additional buccal overbuilding: a study in the beagle dog
Authors: Fickl Stefan , Zuhr Otto , Wachtel Hannes , Kebschull Moritz , Hürzeler Markus B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to histometrically assess alterations of the ridge following socket preservation alone and socket preservation with additional buccal overbuilding.Material and Methods:In five beagle dogs four extraction sites were randomly subjected to one of the following treatments: Tx 1: The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen®and covered with a free gingival graft from the palate. Tx 2: The buccal bone plate was augmented using the GBR‐technique, the socket was filled with BioOss Collagen®and covered with a free gingival graft. Tx 3: The buccal bone plate was forced into a buccal direction using a manual bone spreader. The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen®and covered with a free gingival graft from the palate. Tx 4: The socket was filled with BioOss Collagen®and a combined free gingival/connective tissue graft was used to cover the socket and for buccal tissue augmentation. For each experimental site, two histological sections were subjected to histometric analysis and evaluated for (i) vertical bone dimensions and (ii) horizontal bone dimensions.Results:All treatment groups showed horizontal and vertical bone loss. The mean vertical bone loss of the buccal bone plate was significantly lower in Tx 4 than in the other groups, while no statistical significant differences could be detected among the groups in the horizontal dimension.Conclusion:Overbuilding the buccal aspect in combination with socket preservation does not seem to be a suitable technique to compensate for the alterations after tooth extraction.
Dermatology in the Darwin anniversary. Part 2: Evolution of the skin‐associated immune system
Authors: Wölfle Ute , Martin Stefan , Emde Matthias , Schempp Christoph 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe present review highlights the evolution of the skin‐associated immune system from the invertebrates to the vertebrates and man. In the invertebrates a non‐specific humoral immune response dominates. It includes antimicrobial peptides, oxidases, lysozyme, agglutinins, coagulins and melanin. The cellular immune system initially consists of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Later migrating phagocytes and natural killer cells occur. From the fishes on, dendritic cells are present, linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to this unspecific but highly effective immune system, the specific immune response, based on genetic recombination, is present in the vertebrates starting with the chondral fishes. The adaptive immune system possesses unlimited numbers of highly specific antibodies and T‐cell receptors, increasingly tissue specific MHC restriction, and cellular memory. Elements of the skin‐associated adaptive immune system are first detectable in the teleost fishes in the form of intraepithelial IgM positive lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Moving up to mammals and man, the skin‐associated immune system became more and more complex and effective.
Neuroprotein s‐100B – a useful parameter in paediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury?
Authors: Castellani C , Bimbashi P , Ruttenstock E , Sacherer P , Stojakovic T , Weinberg A‐M 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAims: To examine the correlation of S‐100B to cranial computerized tomography (CCT) scan results in children after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI).Methods: One hundred and nine paediatric patients (0–18 years) with MTBI were included in this prospective single‐centre study. Serum was collected within 6 h of trauma for determination of serum S‐100B. The upper reference of S‐100B was set to 0.16 μg/L. A CCT scan was performed in all patients and the results were correlated to the S‐100B values.Results: Computerized tomography was abnormal in 36 patients showing intracerebral haemorrhages and/or skull fractures. Serum S‐100B level was significantly higher in patients with a pathological condition as shown in CT scan results (p = 0.003). There were no false negative, but 42 false positive test results for S‐100B. This resulted in a sensitivity of 1.00, specificity of 0.42, positive predictive value of 0.46 and negative predictive value of 1.00. An area under the receiver operating curve of 0.68 was calculated.Conclusion: S‐100B is a valuable tool to rule out patients with pathological CCT findings in a collective of paediatric patients with MTBI. Elevations of S‐100B do not necessarily lead to a pathological finding in the CT scan, but values below the cut‐off safely rule out the evidence of intracranial lesions.
Land use improves spatial predictions of mountain plant abundance but not presence‐absence
Authors: Randin Christophe F. , Jaccard Hélène , Vittoz Pascal , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Guisan Antoine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuestion:Does a land‐use variable improve spatial predictions of plant species presence‐absence and abundance models at the regional scale in a mountain landscape?Location:Western Swiss Alps.Methods:Presence‐absence generalized linear models (GLM) and abundance ordinal logistic regression models (LRM) were fitted to data on 78 mountain plant species, with topo‐climatic and/or land‐use variables available at a 25‐m resolution. The additional contribution of land use when added to topo‐climatic models was evaluated by: (1) assessing the changes in model fit and (2) predictive power, (3) partitioning the deviance respectively explained by the topo‐climatic variables and the land‐use variable through variation partitioning, and (5) comparing spatial projections.Results:Land use significantly improved the fit of presence‐absence models but not their predictive power. In contrast, land use significantly improved both the fit and predictive power of abundance models. Variation partitioning also showed that the individual contribution of land use to the deviance explained by presence‐absence models was, on average, weak for both GLM and LRM (3.7% and 4.5%, respectively), but changes in spatial projections could nevertheless be important for some species.Conclusions:In this mountain area and at our regional scale, land use is important for predicting abundance, but not presence‐absence. The importance of adding land‐use information depends on the species considered. Even without a marked effect on model fit and predictive performance, adding land use can affect spatial projections of both presence‐absence and abundance models.
Effects of the Changes in Legislation Governing Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities in Norway: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Søndenaa Erik , Linaker Olav Martin , Nøttestad Jim Aage 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA recent change in legislation in Norway redefined which persons with an intellectual disability (ID) are considered as “offenders” within the judicial system. After that change, the number of adults with ID convicted of a crime and subject to forensic services decreased from 27 in 2002 to 13 in 2006. Crimes considered under the statue include those of a violent nature, sexual offenses, or life‐threatening arson. Persons falling under provisions of the statue include those identified as non‐responsible with intellectual functioning corresponding to moderate or severe ID (IQ < 55). The new statue includes a provision of sentence to mandatory care (MC) for those with a high risk of recidivism. The aim of this study was to compare offenders with ID adjudicated before and after the legislation revision. A comparison cross‐sectional study design was used, and measures examined group compositions and staff and service characteristics. Results showed that after the change in legislation, offenders with ID appeared to be managed by more qualified staff, but at the same time, they had less contact with health services outside their residence. In addition, more restrictive care management measures were evident after the change.
Diverse Conceptualizations of Deinstitutionalization as a Barrier to the Implementation of Discharge Policies
Authors: Parlalis Stavros K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThere are various reasons why the regular movement of people with intellectual disabilities from the institution to the community has been impeded in the United Kingdom. Some of these include the lack of a formal national policy, the difficulty of forming joint planning groups, fiscal difficulties, the lack of appropriate accommodation, inadequate development of services in the community, and resistance from the community. Using a case study approach, the author undertook to identify the particular barriers that arose in one specific discharge program, and to produce guidelines for avoiding such difficulties in future projects. Data were collected by means of interviews, and a grounded theory approach was employed for their analysis. It was found that the main obstacles to deinstitutionalization in this particular discharge program included: (1) a lack of a coherent approach; (2) a failure to develop discharges consistently according to professionals' plans or service users' needs; (3) a lack of holistic support for professionals undergoing transition; (4) ambiguous model of management; and (5) a lack of interest in joint working. It was concluded that the different conceptualizations of what deinstitutionalization meant constituted the main barrier to policy and practice. Professionals need to reach a shared understanding and conceptualization of the discharge program, and, in order to proceed with the huge workload of a discharge program, there should be a consortium approach in place among the main stakeholders.