bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Serovar‐specific Leptospiral Antigens for use in an Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Compared with the Microscopic Agglutination Test and Immunofluorescence
Authors: Sting R. , Dura U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 10 different detergents were used with the intention of extracting serovar‐specific antigens from eight leptospiral serovars for use in an ELISA. Extractions with 2 % sodium taurocholate at 50 °C proved to be best suited for this purpose. Taurocholate extracted antigens could be separated in SDS‐PAGE and antigenic activities demonstrated in immunoblotting.In comparative studies on sera taken from cattle, pigs, horses and dogs, the self‐made ELISA proved to be more sensitive than the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the immunofluorescence test (IFT). The IFT gave different results from those obtained using MAT or ELISA.
Access to the Abomasum of Sheep via a Rumen Fistula for Follow‐up Studies During Trichostrongylid Infections
Authors: Hertzber H. , Guscetti F. , Bödeker D. , Pospischil A. , Eckert J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA technique is described for the examination of the abomasum of adult sheep via a rumen fistula. The size of the fistula allowed a manual exploration of the rumen which was necessary to achieve an access to the abomasum. In four adult sheep, two of them infected withHaemonchus contortus, fibreoptic endoscopy was used to investigate the abomasal mucosa macroscopically as well as histopathologically and ultrastructurally by means of mucosal biopsy specimen. The acidity of the abomasal contents was measured directly by introducing an electrode into the abomasum or indirectly in abomasal fluid which was obtained via a stomach catheter through the rumen fistula. The measured values in all four sheep ranged between pH 2 and 4. The fibreoptic examination of the abomasum did not influence the plasma pepsinogen and gastrin levels. The possibility of combining histological, serological and coprological data in follow‐up studies on the pathophysiology of trichostrongylid infections in the abomasum of individual sheep seems to be useful for the investigation of primary and secondary infections and may contribute to a reduction of the number of experimental animals in such studies.
Canine‐coronavirus (CCV) Characterization in Spain Epidemiological Aspects
Authors: Martin‐Calvo Mar , Marcotegui Miguel Angel , Simarro Isabel 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this paper the characterization of a canine‐coronavirus (CCV) strain isolated in Spain is reported. The CCV cellular‐infection cycle on A‐72 cells was studied using electron‐microscopy techniques. The isolate was found to have similar electrophoretic profile and antigenic properties to an American reference strain. Sera samples were obtained from several canine populations and tested for viral antibodies using two immunoenzymatic methods. Sera specificity was confirmed using immunoblot analysis. The agreement between both ELISA tests produced adequate results (kappa value = 0.64).
Virological and Pathological Findings in Sheep Fetuses Following Experimental Infection of Pregnant Ewes with Cytopathogenic‐bovine‐virus Diarrhoea Virus
Authors: Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Liess B. , Frey H.‐R. , Trautwein G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEighteen pregnant Merino ewes were inoculated intravenously between days 65 and 68 of gestation with the unpurified cytopathogenic (cp) bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strain Indiana (experiment I). In experiment II, three ewes were inoculated with the same virus after two successive plaque isolations in order to compare its pathogenicity for the fetus with special regard to lesions in the fetal brain. In experiment I, fetal blood and tissue samples, allantoic fluids and placentomes were collected sequentially between 10 and 80 days post‐inoculation (p.i.). BVDV was recovered from 6 of 19 fetuses examined during the first 3 weeks after inoculation. From fetuses sampled between 30 and 50 days p.i. virus was isolated from three cases only, and from 60 days p.i. onwards virus was no longer recovered. BVDV was longer detected in the allantoic fluid than in fetal tissues and continued to be present until 80 days post‐inoculation. From tissue samples of two fetuses of experiment I, only non‐cytopathogenic BVDV was isolated, whilst samples from seven fetuses contained the cp BVDV biotype as revealed by an immunoplaque assay. The cp biotype was also isolated from placentomes. In experiment II, virus was not isolated from any of the tissue samples of two living fetuses collected at 67 days post‐inoculation. In both experiments, cp BVDV was recovered from allantoic fluid samples. In contrast to the developing fetal brain, other tissues or organs seemed to be less vulnerable to the cp BVDV strain Indiana. The partial purification of this virus strain did not affect its pathogenicity for the brains of the developing fetuses.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Germany
Authors: Kaaden O.‐R. , Truyen U. , Groschup M. H. , Uysal A. , Kaiser E. , Kretzschmar H. , Bogumil T. , Pohlenz J. , Diringer H. , Steinhagen P. , Dahme E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has been described as an epidemic central nervous disorder in cattle from the United Kingdom. The disease is thought to have emerged by an interspecies transmission of the scrapie agent of sheep to cattle, after feeding scrapie‐contaminated meat and bone meal (MBM). The disease has caused substantial economic losses for the British cattle industry. Because of strict veterinary regulations for the import of adult British cattle by the European Union and for MBM by most of the member states the spread of BSE to continental Europe could be efficiently controlled, and only few cases have been described outside the UK. Here we report the first German case of BSE diagnosed in a Scottish Highland cow. The affected cow was imported into Germany before the import ban for cattle from the UK was implemented. BSE was confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, animal experiments, immunoblotting and by electron microscopic detection of scrapie‐associated fibrils (SAFs).ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beschreibt den Nachweis des ersten BSE‐Falles in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bei dem Rind handelte es sich um ein aus Großbritannien vor dem Verbringungsverbot eingeführtes Scottish‐Highland‐Rind, das zunächst unter zentralnervösen Symptomen erkankte und später verendete. Nachdem das Vorliegen anderer bakterieller oder virusbedingter Erkrankungen (u.a. Listeriose, Aujeszkysche Krankheit, Tollwut) ausgeschlossen worden war, wurden bei der anschließenden histopathologischen Untersuchung die typischen Veränderungen einer spongiformen Enzephalopathie festgestellt und von vier weiteren Pathologen bestätigt. Da das Gehirn zunächst Formalin‐fixiert worden war, erbrachten der Nachweis der Scrapie‐assoziierten Fibrillen und der Immunoblot zur Feststellung von PrPSc‐bzw PrPBSE‐negative Ergebnisse.Unabhängig davon wurden 12 weibliche C57Bl/Han‐Mäuse intrazerebral und intraperitoneal mit Hirnhomogenat infiziert. Eine Kontrollgruppe erhielt Hirnhomogenat eines gesunden Tieres. Nach einer Inkubationszeit von etwa 520 Tagen erkrankten vier Mäuse der mit BSE‐Material infizierten Versuchsgruppe. Bei zweien dieser Tiere wurden durch histopathologische und immunhistochemische Untersuchungen die für BSE‐typischen spongiformen Enzephalopathien sowie ‘Scrapie‐associated Fibrils (SAFs)’ festgestellt werden. Die eindeutige Bestätigung der Diagnose wurde durch den Immunoblot‐Nachweis von PrPBSE 27‐30kDa im Gehirn der erkrankten Mäuse erbracht.
Mucosal Immune Responses in Calves Orally Vaccinated with a Live Auxotrophic aroA Salmonella dublin Strain
Authors: Segall T. , Jacobsson S. O. , Karlsson K. , Lindberg A. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe mucosal immune responses were studied in two calves orally vaccinated with the live aroA mutant strain, Salmonella dublin SL5631, and in two non‐vaccinated control calves. Intestinal secretions were collected through a permanent fistula in place during a 5‐week period. Vaccinated calves responded with high IgM and IgA titres against the S. dublin lipopo‐lysaccharide. Both IgA and the IgM titres appeared already after 3 days and IgM somewhat earlier than the IgA titres. Both antibody titres remained high for 2 weeks after the third and final vaccine dose. The calves also showed marked T‐cell responses in lymphocytes collected from mesenterial lymph nodes and the spleen.
Validation of an Inhibition ELISA using a Monoclonal Antibody for Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease (FMD) Primary Diagnosis
Authors: Smitsaart E. N. , Fernández E. , Maradei E. , Morgan D. O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn inhibition ELISA (IH‐ELISA) test for foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) was validated using 106 epithelial samples from suspected cases of FMD in Argentina submitted to the Argentine National Diagnostics Laboratory (GELAB) over a period of 12 months and examined in parallel with the complement fixation test (CFT). IH‐ELISA was found to be more sensitive, detecting 25 % (26 samples) more FMDV positives than the CFT in original suspensions of field samples. The effect of storage conditions on 12S stability was examined. Plates stored at 4 °C blocked with 1 % ovalbumin and plates stored at —20 °C with or without blocking buffer could be used for at least 90 days. When various brands of polysterene plates were compared for 12ps adsorption it was found that those microplates of higher binding capacity were more efficient.
Salmonella Contamination of the Environment and its Incidence in Wild Birds
Authors: Ĉíẑek A. , Literák I. , Hejlíćek K. , Treml F. , Smola J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn 1984–1991, the incidence of salmonellas was studied in wild birds from various sites in the Czech Republic.On an agricultural farm with salmonellosis in calves, salmonellae were isolated from eight birds (seven Passer domesticus, one Serinus serinus) of 31 birds examined. On various agricultural farms with no salmonellosis in farm animals, salmonellae were found in two birds (Columba livia f. domestica) of 2186 birds examined. Of 35 birds caught at a municipal waste‐dump site, salmonellae were isolated from one specimen (Larus canus). No salmonellae were found in birds living in reed growths and in various military training areas (557 and 116 birds examined, respectively).In black‐headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) from various areas with bodies of water, salmonellae were found in 4.2 % of 189 adults and 19.2 % of 740 non‐flying young examined. S. typhimurium was the most common serotype isolated from gulls. Phage type 101 represented 32 % of 48 phage‐typed strains.This study shows a relationship between the contamination of the environment with salmonellae and their incidence in wild birds.
Virulence for Mice ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains from Bovine Mastitis Related to Colonial Morphology and Serological Types in Serum‐soft Agar
Authors: Calvinho L. F. , Dodd K. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySixStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from bovine mastitic milk representing the typical growth types in soft agar media were injected into mice via the intraperitoneal route. Strains showing diffuse colony morphology (DCM) in serum‐soft agar (SSA) as a permanent characteristic which reacted against anti‐capsular sera types A, B, and D were virulent for mice. A strain showing DCM in SSA that reacted only against anti‐capsular serum D behaved as a compact‐colony‐morphology‐type strain in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse. Diffuse‐type colony morphology and presence of capsular antigens type A, B, and D correlated with increased virulence for mice, but a capsule could not be demonstrated.
Experimental Studies of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi in Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus): Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, and Pathology
Authors: Handeland K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 12 reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were given 200–1,000 infective larvae of Elaphostrongylus rangiferi and autopsied 2 1/2–196 days post inoculation (p.i.). The larvae penetrated venules of the abomasal wall and followed the bloodstream via the liver to the lungs. In the lungs the larvae entered pulmonary venules and spread to all tissues via the general circulation. Many larvae that lodged in arterial vessels outside the spinal cord migrated into the cord along the spinal nerves. Nematodes matured in the central nervous system (CNS), and then migrated to the skeletal muscles (SM) via the spinal nerve roots. Eggs were deposited into veins and carried via the venous blood to the lungs. Here, the first stage larvae hatched and entered the airways. Pathological lesions consisting of focal necroses and interstitial accumulations of inflammatory cells were observed in the abomasal wall, liver, lungs, myocardium and kidneys. Infarcts were observed in the myocardium, kidneys and CNS. Other lesions in the nervous system were encephalomyelitis, focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, axon and myelin sheath degenerations, meningitis, chorioditis, perineuritis, neuritis and ganglioradiculitis. A multifocal verminous pneumonia persisted from day 103 p.i., and nematode‐induced inflammatory oedema was observed in the intermuscular connective tissue of the SM at 196 days p.i.
Development of an Experimental ELISA for the Detection of Antigens and Antibodies to the Virus of Pacheco Disease using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Abdala Nádia 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMonoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against one of the strains of Pacheco Parrot's Disease (PPD) were produced and characterized. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the rapid detection of antigen and antibody to PPD was developed. The antigen ELISA could detect up to 117 ng/ml of purified virus material. To overcome the requirement for large amounts of purified viral antigen, the microtitre trays were initially coated with Mabs prepared against purified PPD virus (PPDV). A relatively crude viral preparation could then be used to coat the trays. Using one more step of incubation between the viral preparation and a test sera, the same ELISA protocol could be used for screening antibody against PPDV. The blocking ELISA with a detection range of 625 ng/ml of purified antibody was twice as sensitive as the serum neutralization test (SN), which detected 1.35 μg/ml.
Pulmonale Angiostrongylose mit systemischer Ausbreitung und zentralnervaler Manifestation bei einem Hund
Authors: Reifinger M. , Greszl J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn 18‐month‐old female crossbred dog developed signs of acute central‐nervous disorder. The bitch originated from Corsica and had been brought to Austria 4 months previously. Clinical examination showed signs of a cerebral haemorrhage. The dog died 2 days after hospitalization and initiation of symptomatic therapy. Necropsy revealed a fresh haemorrhage in the brain, filling the left ventricle, and severe interstitial pneumonia with nematodes lodged in pulmonary vessels. Histological examination showed pulmonal Angiostrongylosis and invasion of the CNS, myocardium and liver by first‐stageAngiostrongylus vasorumlarvae. A causal connection between larval migration and cerebral haemorrhage was suggested.The life‐cycle ofAngiostrongylus vasorumand further reports on aberrant larval migration are presented.ZusammenfassungEine 18 Monate alte Mischlingshündin erkrankte akut unter zentralnervalen Symptomen. Das Tier stammte aus Korsika und war 4 Monate vorher nach Österreich gebracht worden. Klinisch ergaben sich Hinweise auf eine Hirnblutung, der Hund verstarb 2 Tage nach Einstellung trotz symptomatischer Therapie.Pathomorphologisch fand sich eine frische zerebrale Massenblutung im linken Seitenventrikel sowie eine schwere verminöse Pneumonie. Letztere erwies sich histologisch als pulmonale Angiostrongylose, die durch hämatogene Streuung von Erstlarven zur Invasion von Zentralnervensystem, Herzmuskel und Leber geführt hatte. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen zerebraler Larveninvasion und Hirnblutung wird vermutet.Der Entwicklungszyklus des Parasiten und weitere Berichte über aberrante Larvenwanderungen werden kurz dargestellt.
Partial Protection of Manchego Sheep against Haemonchus contortus after a 6‐Month Postpriming Period. Preliminary Note
Authors: Cuquerella M. , Gómez‐Muñoz M T. , Méndez S. , Alunda J. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwelve to 12·5‐month‐old Manchego sheep which had received a Haemonchus contortus infection with 2500 infective larvae (L‐3) when they were 4–4.5 months old (A1,A2) and a challenge with 5000 L‐3 2 months later (A1,A2,B1,B2), finished in both cases with thiabendazole treatment, were subjected to a homologous infection with 7000 L‐3 (A1,B1) or kept as control sheep (A2,B2). Fifty days after the infection the animals were treated with rafoxanide and challenged 18 days later with 14,000 L‐3 of the parasite.Wide variations were seen, not observed at the 7000 L‐3 infection, after challenge among the animals' faecal egg output. Retrospective analysis of the results obtained showed that the sheep response was apparently dependent on the extent of the contact with the parasite 6 months earlier and the elapsed period between priming and infection. A significant protective response was seen at challenge in the sheep which had received 2500 + 5000 L‐3 (A2), suggesting the need of a period between 120 and 180 days without infection to show a strong response.No clear correlation was seen between parasitological results and the serum antibody response estimated by ELISA along the experiment and Western blotting analysis during the challenge. However, the less reactive sheep displayed lower ELISA values and simpler immunorecognition patterns in WB.
Die Sarkosporidien des Schafes in Österreich
Authors: Hinaidy H. K. , Egger A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn a study on the sarcosporidia of sheep in Austria, 500 oesophagi of slaughtered sheep were examined both grossly (macrocysts) and using the mixer method (microcysts). This simple homogenization technique enables, after 8–12 minutes, both recovery of sarcocysts and their speciation (protrusions of cyst wall) in the same microscopic preparations. For the first time in Austria, species of sarcocysts occurring in native sheep (Ovis aries) were determined. The general level of prevalence was 62.6 %.Sarcocystis tenella(25.6 %),S. arieticanis(24.0 %), andS. gigantea(2.4 %) were identified. NeitherS. medusiformisnor unnamed forms that have been reported in Norway and the USA were found in the material.ZusammenfassungIn einer Studie über die Sarkosporidien des Schafes (Ovis aries) in Österreich wurden die gesamten Schlünde von 500 geschlachteten Schafen makroskopisch (Makrozysten) sowie nach unserer Mixer‐Methode (Mikrozysten) auf Sarkosporidien untersucht. Bei diesem äußerst einfachen Verfahren, das lediglich 8–12 Min beansprucht, dienen die selben mikroskopischen Präparate sowohl der Feststellung eines Befalles als auch der Spezies‐Determinierung der Sarkozysten (Fortsätze der Zystenwand). Mieschersche Schläuche wurden bei 62,6 % der Schafe nachgewiesen. Während 73,7 % der über 1 Jahr alten Tiere befallen waren, betrug die Prävalenz 22,6 % bei den unter 6 Monate alten Schafen. Vorwiegend war die Intensität des Befalles mittelgradig (36,4 %). Geringgradige Infektionen wurden in 24,8 % der Schafe ermittelt.Erstmals werden die beim Hausschaf in Österreich auftretenden Sarkozystenarten determiniert.Sarcocystis tenella(25,6 %),S. arieticanis(24,0 %) undS. gigantea(2,4 %) wurden bestimmt. WederS. medusiformisnoch jene in Norwegen und den USA vorkommenden, unbenannten Sarkozystenformen aus dem Hausschaf wurden im Material festgestellt.
In Vitro Activity of Terdecamycin against Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Authors: Ueda Y. , Hayashi T. , Narukawa N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTerdecamycin is an antibacterial compound which is synthesized by chemically modifying sedecamycin. In this study, 51 and 53 field isolates of Serpulina hyodysenteriae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, respectively, were examined for their susceptibility to terdecamycin. Terdecamycin showed a high activity against all isolates of S. hyodysenteriae and M. hyopneumoniae. Its activity against S. hyodysenteriae was higher than that of sedecamycin and its activity against M. hyopneumoniae was equivalent to that of tylosin, lincomycin and tiamulin. Chemically modifying sedecamycin potentiated the antibacterial activity and broadened its spectrum.
Formic Acid in the Control of Varroatosis: a Practical Approach
Authors: Mutinelli F. , Cremasco S. , Irsara A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo evaluate the applicability of formic acid in the control of varroatosis, a trial on 55 hives was carried out during the second half of August. Into the moving base of the hive were inserted 60% formic‐acid‐soaked pads. The treatment was administered according to two different schedules: weekly treatment for 4 weeks, and treatment every 3 days for 2.5–3 weeks. With the first schedule, efficacy equal to 94.3 % and 89.6 % in 22 and 15 hives, respectively, was obtained; in eight hives treated using the second schedule, efficacy of 98.8 % was obtained. As controls, 10 hives treated with Apistan were used. No adverse effects on bees were observed in the hives treated with formic acid.
Porcine Lung Lesions at Slaughter and their Correlation to the Incidence of Infections byMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeandActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeduring the Rearing Period
Authors: Wallgren P. , Beskow P. , Fellström C. , Renström L. H. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPorcine lungs were macroscopically and microscopically examined at slaughter, with special regard to different stages of lesions similar to those caused byMycoplasma hyopneumoniae.There was good conformity between the macroscopical and microscopical findings.In an extended abattoir survey, lesions were found in 4210 out of 4508 lungs examined. The majority of lungs with pleuritic lesions (274 out of 369) revealed by the extended examination were registered by the official procedure. No correlation between pleuritis and time for seroconversion, or with the levels of antibodies toActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, was found.Among lungs affected with pneumonic lesions (n = 3841), lesions similar to those caused byMycoplasma hyopneumoniaewere predominant (n = 3769). Only 15 % of these lesions were revealed by official registration at slaughter. This figure is explained by the fact that only 35 % of the infections were still active at the time of slaughter and that only ongoing lesions exceeding a certain magnitude were recorded according to the official regulations. By following the development of antibodies toMycoplasma hyopneumoniaethrough the fattening period, the duration of the active infection was estimated to be approximately 12 weeks. Consequently, infections withMycoplasma hyopneumoniaegained during the early fattening period will, in general, escape detection at slaughter.
Relation between Encapsulation and Various Properties ofStreptococcus suis
Authors: Wibawan I. W. T. , Lämmler C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEncapsulation is thought to be a critical virulence factor forStreptococcus suis.In this study, encapsulation of a selectedS. suisculture could be stimulated by cultivation conditions. After cultivation of theS. suisculture in fluid media supplemented with serum, the culture grew with short chains and a uniform turbidity of the growth medium. Autoclave extracts of this culture reacted with capsular type‐1‐specific antiserum. After cultivation of theS. suisculture in fluid media without serum, the bacteria generally formed longer chains, grew in fluid medium as granular sediment with clear supernatant, and were non‐typeable. In addition, the unencapsulated variant appeared to have a more hydrophobic surface and adhered significantly more to HeLa cells. In contrast to the unencapsulated variant, the encapsulatedS. suiswas phagocytosed to a lesser extent by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. These findings might help to elucidate the role of encapsulation in infections with this bacterial organism.