bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative markers in children with severe obesity following low‐calorie diets supplemented with mandarin juice
Authors: Codoñer‐Franch Pilar , López‐Jaén Ana Belén , De La Mano‐Hernández Agustín , Sentandreu Enrique , Simó‐Jordá Raquel , Valls‐Bellés Victoria 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the effect of supplementing a hypocaloric diet with mandarin juice, a food with a high content of antioxidants (vitamin C, flavonoids and carotenoids), on biomarkers of oxidant/antioxidant status of severe obese children.Methods:  Forty obese children were randomized into two groups pair‐wise in a 4‐week controlled intervention study. Both groups followed a hypocaloric diet. One group received additionally a supplementation of 500 mL of 100% mandarin juice daily. Clinical data, anthropometry, dietary intake and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by circulating levels of malondialdehyde, and protein oxidation was determined by the concentration of plasma carbonyl groups. The antioxidant defence was evaluated by red cell‐reduced glutathione and plasma levels of α‐tocopherol and vitamin C.Results:  The supplemented group experienced a decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde (−9.6%, p = 0.014) and carbonyl groups (−36.1%, p = 0.006) and an increase in antioxidants (α‐tocopherol +16.1%, p = 0.006, glutathione +36.1%, p < 0.0001, and vitamin C + 94.6%, p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  The mandarin juice consumption with a reduced calorie diet positively affects the antioxidant defence and produces a decrease in biomarkers of oxidative stress in obese children.
Cracked Teeth: A Review of the Literature
Authors: LUBISICH ERINNE B. , HILTON THOMAS J. , FERRACANE JACK 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough cracked teeth are a common problem for patients and dentists, there is a dearth of evidence‐based guidelines on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat cracks in teeth. The purpose of this article is to review the literature to establish what evidence exists regarding the risk factors for cracked teeth and their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:158–167, 2010)
Effect of soil and physiographic factors on ecological plant groups in the eastern Elborz mountain rangeland of Iran
Authors: Tatian Mohammadreza , Arzani Hossein , Reihan Majid Karimpour , Bahmanyar Mohammad Ali , Jalilvand Hamid 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo investigate the cause of differences among ecological plant groups in the east of the Elborz mountain rangeland, the role of edaphical and topographical characteristics was considered. Two ordination techniques, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), were used. The values of slope, aspect, altitude and lithology information were provided by Geographic Information System (GIS), and geomorphological land units were determined by intersection of overlaid data layers. Plant sampling was undertaken within nine land units with similar lithology and altitude but which differed in slope and aspect, using 30 randomly selected 1 m2plots per land unit. Soil samples were taken from two depths (0–20 and 20–50 cm) in each plot. Organic matter, bulk density, texture, calcium carbonate, total nitrogen and available phosphorus and potassium contents were determined. The results indicated that plant species have different responses to edaphical and topographical parameters. The invader species group had a balanced amount of influence from all soil components and topographic factors, whereas the native grasses were located in productive soils, which typically have a low grazing intensity, such as the north facing slopes. Coniferous bushy trees, cushion plants and some shrub plant groups were found on steep slopes with alkaline soils. The broad‐leaved bushy trees plant group was abundant in fine texture soils on low and humid slopes.
The evolution of M*/MBH between z = 2 and z = 0
Authors: Trakhtenbrot Benny , Netzer Hagai 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We propose a novel method to estimate M*/MBH, the ratio of stellar mass (M*) to black hole mass (MBH) at various redshifts using two recent observational results: the correlation between the bolometric luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and the star formation rate (SFR) in their host galaxies, and the correlation between SFR and M* in star-forming (SF) galaxies. Our analysis is based on MBH and Lbol measurements in two large samples of type I AGN at z≃ 1 and 2, and the measurements of M*/MBH in 0.05 &lt; z &lt; 0.2 red galaxies. We find that M*/MBH depends on MBH at all redshifts. At z≃ 2, M*/MBH∼ 280 and ∼40 for MBH= 108 and MBH= 109M⊙, respectively. M*/MBH grows by a factor of ∼4–8 from z≃ 2 to 0 with extreme cases that are as large as 10–20. The evolution is steeper than reported in other studies, probably because we treat only AGN in SF hosts. We caution that estimates of M*/MBH evolution which ignore the dependence of this ratio on MBH can lead to erroneous conclusions.
Tracing the history of recent bulge star formation in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Liu Xin 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We examine the relation between black hole accretion and bulge star formation as a function of look-back time (τ) in 20541 obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs; with redshifts and bolometric luminosities ) optically selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). To quantify the most recently formed stars with ages less than typical AGN lifetimes, we estimate the differentiated specific star formation rate (SSFRτ) based on population synthesis analysis. The Eddington ratio (λ) is inferred using [Oiii]λ5007 luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion as proxies for and black hole mass, respectively. We find that when τ &lt; τ0, SDSS AGNs follow a power law λ∝ SSFR1.0−1.1τ; the relation flattens out when τ &gt; τ0. The threshold time-scale τ0 is ∼0.1 (∼1) Gyr in young (old) bulges. The scatter in the power laws is dominated by observational uncertainties. These results may provide useful constraints on models explaining the correlations between AGN activity and bulge star formation.
Effects of temperature and hydric environment on survival of the Panamanian Golden Frog infected with a pathogenic chytrid fungus
Authors: BUSTAMANTE Heidi M. , LIVO Lauren J. , CAREY Cynthia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConsiderable controversy exists concerning whether or not climate changes (particularly global warming) are causing outbreaks of a lethal amphibian pathogen, the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Longcore, Pessier & D.K. Nichols 1999). In the present study, groups of Panamanian golden frogs (Atelopus zeteki Dunn, 1993), a critically endangered amphibian thought to be nearly extinct in Panama, were exposed to varying dosages of zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, temperatures and hydric environments in order to learn whether this species is susceptible to this pathogen and, if so, how environmental factors affect survival. This pathogen proved to be highly lethal for A. zeteki. Frogs exposed to a dosage of 100 Bd zoospores survived significantly (P < 0.0001) longer than those that had been exposed to 104 or 106 zoospores. Exposed frogs housed at 23 °C survived significantly (P < 0.0001) longer than those that were housed at 17 °C. Exposed frogs held in dry conditions survived significantly longer than those in wet conditions (P < 0.0001). As a laboratory study, these results do not directly test hypotheses about the relation between climate change and the decline of these frogs in the field, but they inform the discussion about how environmental conditions can have an impact on the interaction between a susceptible amphibian and this pathogen. These data do not support the contention that rising global temperatures are necessary to cause the death of amphibians infected with this pathogen because the pathogen was equally lethal at 17 as at 23 °C, and frogs at the warmer temperature lived significantly longer than those at the cooler one.
Climate change induced range shifts of Galliformes in China
Authors: LI Renqiang , TIAN Huidong , LI Xinhai 
Published: June 2010

AbstractClimate change will cause range shifts of many species in the future. Galliformes might be particularly vulnerable to climate change, as they have low dispersal ability. Little is known about their possible responses to the future climate. We used a generalized additive model to predict the current and future ranges of all 63 Galliformes in China, based on a comprehensive species occurrence database and a combination of climate variables. Other environmental variables (e.g. elevation and human footprint index) were also considered, as well as the latitude and longitude of the occurrences. Principal component analysis was conducted to illustrate the association between environmental variables and Galliformes distributions. Using the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 climate change scenario for 2071–2100, we projected that 29 species would have range shifts over 50%, including 13 endemic species. Galliformes at higher elevation face greater range shifts. Northward shifts are greater than those in other directions. We suggest conservationists pay special attention to the 29 Galliformes that face extensive range shifts, especially the endemic species among them.
Effect of ENSO‐driven precipitation on population irruptions of the Yangtze vole Microtus fortis calamorum in the Dongting Lake region of China
Authors: ZHANG Zhibin , XU Lei , GUO Cong , WANG Yong , GUO Yongwang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Yangtze vole (Microtus fortis Buechner, 1889) is a small herbivore species that inhabits lake beaches in the Dongting Lake region along the Yangtze River in Southern China. Its population shows strong oscillations during the wet season due to summer precipitation‐induced immigration away from the lake into adjacent rice fields. The effect of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐driven precipitation on population abundance and growth of the vole species is not fully understood. We undertook an analysis of the combined data of 4 time series covering 1981–2006 from 4 different sites and a separate analysis on a single time series (1981–2006) from one site. Our results demonstrate that a dual effect of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐driven precipitation on the population abundance of voles is time‐dependent: precipitation in the current year has a positive effect, whereas precipitation in the previous year has a negative effect. The dual effect of precipitation on vole population is well explained by the unique interactions among vole population, precipitation water level and the lake beach habitat around Dongting Lake. We found that drier than average weather of the previous year benefited voles because their breeding habitats, lake beaches, were exposed for long stretches of time. Wet weather was found to increase the number of voles inhabiting rice fields because as the water level of the lake rose they were forced from beaches into surrounding rice fields. Summer precipitation in the Dongting Lake region was found to be positively associated with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean of the previous year and winter SST and spring SST of the current year. Annual rates of increase in the vole population of the reconstructed time series are negatively associated with the vole abundance and autumn precipitation of the previous year and winter precipitation of the current years. These results suggest that both extrinsic and density‐dependent intrinsic factors may affect population dynamics of the Yangtze voles.
Multi‐scale approach to understanding climate effects on offspring size at birth and date of birth in a reptile
Authors: CADBY Chloé D. , WHILE Geoffrey M. , HOBDAY Alistair J. , ULLER Tobias , WAPSTRA Erik 
Published: June 2010

AbstractClimate change is already impacting species around the world. Although most focus has been on the effect of temperature, changes in climatic variables other than temperature are also expected to drive biological change. Current models suggest that ectotherms, such as reptiles, will be strongly affected by climate change; however, data from natural populations are rare. Here, we use extensive data from 2 populations of a viviparous lizard (Niveoscincus ocellatus Gray, 1845) at the climatic extreme of the species distribution. We examine the effects of climate at a local, a regional and a global scale (thus, integrating a suite of variables at different spatial and temporal scales) on 2 key life history traits: offspring date of birth and size at birth. Overall, our results show that across 9 years of study, local temperature had strong effects on the offspring date of birth but not on the size at birth. Therefore, a rapid increase in local temperature throughout the species range (as predicted under global warming scenarios) is likely to affect phenological processes with potential concomitant effects on offspring fitness and survival.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities on Foodborne Pathogens of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) Leaves Extracts
Authors: Loizzo M.R. , Tundis R. , Chandrika U.G. , Abeysekera A.M. , Menichini F. , Frega N.G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  Total water extract, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against some foodborne pathogens such as E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of extract and fractions determined by the agar dilution method were ranged from 221.9 μg/mL for ethyl acetate fraction to 488.1 μg/mL for total extract. In the agar diffusion method the diameters of inhibition were 12.2 for the total extract, 10.7 and 11.5 for ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions, respectively. A. heterophyllus showed significant antioxidant activity tested in different in vitro systems (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Fe2+ chelating activity assay). In particular, in DPPH assay A. heterophyllus total extract exhibited a strong antiradical activity with an IC50 value of 73.5 μg/mL while aqueous fraction exerted the highest activity in FRAP assay (IC50 value of 72.0 μg/mL). The total phenols content by Folin–Ciocalteau method was determined with the purpose of testing its relationship with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities.Practical Application:  The appearance of food is one of the major determinants of its appeal to consumers and consequently, sales of the product. Microbial contamination and lipid oxidation are the main factors that determine food quality loss and shelf‐life reduction. Therefore, preventing microbial contamination and delaying lipid oxidation are highly relevant to food processors. The growth of microorganisms in food products may cause spoilage or foodborne diseases. Oxidative processes in food products lead to the degradation of lipids and proteins which, in turn, contribute to the deterioration in flavor, texture, and color of the products. A. heterophyllus leaves extracts demonstrated interesting biological properties that suggest its use as a new potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
Meta‐analysis: Perioperative regional liver chemotherapy for improving survival and preventing liver metastases in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: TANG Jie Ting , WANG Ji Lin , FANG Jing Yuan 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the effect of prophylactic regional liver chemotherapy during the perioperative period on improving survival and preventing liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS:  A comprehensive retrieval of the relevant literature was performed by searching major biomedical database, mainly from Medline and Embase. Studies reported in the selected literature were categorized into two subgroups according to the type of therapy: a perioperative hepatic artery infusion subgroup and a perioperative portal vein infusion subgroup. Mortality and liver metastasis were analyzed using a fixed‐effects model. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager software.RESULTS:  The results of this meta‐analysis illustrated that survival and the rate of liver metastasis in patients receiving perioperative hepatic artery infusion (HAI) chemotherapy were significantly better than for those receiving surgery alone (pooled relative risk 0.46 [95% CI: 0.31–0.69] and 0.44 [95% CI: 0.28–0.68], respectively, P= 0.0002), while survival and the rate of liver metastasis in patients receiving perioperative portal vein infusion (PVI) chemotherapy were not significantly different from those receiving surgery alone (pooled relative risk 0.98 [95% CI: 0.89–1.09], P= 0.73 and 0.86 [95% CI: 0.72–1.02], respectively. P= 0.08).CONCLUSION:  As a method of regional liver chemotherapy, HAI might be able to improve survival and reduce the rate of liver metastasis in patients with advanced CRC.
Bilateral tension pneumothorax due to acupuncture: Two autopsy cases
Authors: Lee Bongwoo , Kim Yuhoon , Park Sohyung , Seo Joong‐Seok , Lee Hanyoung , Kim Hyoungjoong 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTPneumothorax is a common and serious complications related to acupuncture needling. Although there have been several clinical cases of pneumothorax induced by acupuncture, autopsy reports on cases of sudden death with the typical gross pathological findings are rare. In the two cases presented here, the deceased suffered dyspnea and chest discomfort after the completion of acupuncture treatments and were found dead within a few hours. Acupuncture pathways from the skin to the lungs, resulting in total bilateral lung collapse were found upon autopsy in these cases. When a sudden death occurs in association with acupuncture the possibility of pneumothorax should be considered and there should be meticulous efforts to find evidence during forensic autopsy.
Impact of lower salinity waters on bacterial heterotrophic production and community structure in the offshore NW Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Laghdass Mélissa , West Nyree J. , Batailler Nicole , Caparros Jocelyne , Catala Philippe , Lantoine François , Oriol Louise , Lebaron Philippe , Obernosterer Ingrid 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWe investigated the impact of water masses originating from freshwater input on bacterial heterotrophic metabolism and community structure at an offshore site in the oligotrophic NW Mediterranean Sea in 2007 and 2008. By combining 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and MICRO‐CARD‐FISH we determined the dominant operational taxonomic units (OTU) and their contribution to bulk abundance and activity in the presence of buoyant water masses characterized by lower salinity (LSW, < 37.9) and compared these with the winter and spring phytoplankton blooms. We demonstrate that organic matter associated with LSW markedly stimulated bacterial heterotrophic production as determined by [3H]‐leucine incorporation. The OTUs SAR11‐IA, SAR11‐IIB, SAR86‐I and SAR86‐III were dominant in all clone libraries, while the Roseobacter clade and the Bacteroidetes OTU NorSea72 were more specific to the spring phytoplankton bloom. The relative contribution of these OTUs to leucine incorporation varied between 23% and 69% for SAR11, 2% and 17% for Roseobacter and was up to 4% for NorSea72. Together, they accounted for roughly 50% of bulk abundance and leucine incorporation during the four situations investigated. Our results suggest that a few cosmopolitan OTUs respond to different DOM sources in the NW Mediterranean Sea.
Atresia coli in a foal: Diagnosis made with colonoscopy aided by N‐butylscopolammonium bromide
Authors: Hunter B. , Belgrave R. L. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryAtresia coli, a rare congenital defect, was diagnosed in a foal via colonoscopy after N‐butylscopolammonium bromide was used to aid visualisation of the intestinal defect. Colonoscopy is a cost effective tool for diagnosing atresia of the terminal colon. N‐butylscopolammonium bromide aided colonoscopy has not been previously reported in horses.
Ante mortemdiagnosis of necrotising emphysematous oesophagitis and gastritis in a horse
Authors: Whelchel D. , Arnold C. , Chaffin K. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe case reported here describes a rare presentation of necrotising, emphysematous oesophagitis and gastritis in a horse presenting for signs of anorexia, dysphagia and ptyalism. Radiography of the retropharyngeal region revealed intramural gas within the cranial oesophagus. Further diagnostic evaluation supported anante mortemdiagnosis of emphysematous oesophagitis with concurrent septic pleuritis and peritonitis.Post mortemfindings confirmed an emphysematous, necrotising oesophagitis and gastritis with aClostridiumsp.transmural infection. To our knowledge, this case describes the first recordedante mortemdiagnosis of emphysematous oesophagitis with concurrent gastritis in the horse.
Correlation between Azole Susceptibilities, Genotypes, and
ERG11
Mutations in
Candida albicans
Isolates Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in China
Authors: Ge Shu-Hua , Wan Zhe , Li Juan , Xu Jianping , Li Ruo-Yu , Bai Feng-Yan 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT

The relationship between susceptibilities to fluconazole and itraconazole and microsatellite CAI genotypes were examined from a total of 154
Candida albicans
isolates (97 isolates causing vulvovaginitis in Chinese women and 6 vaginal isolates and 51 oral cavity isolates from asymptomatic carriers). The two dominant genotypes, CAI 30-45 (45 isolates) and CAI 32-46 (33 isolates), associated with vulvovaginitis showed significantly different azole susceptibility patterns with strong statistical support. CAI 32-46 isolates were usually less susceptible to both fluconazole and itraconazole than CAI 30-45 isolates and than the oral isolates with other diversified CAI genotypes. Remarkably different mutation patterns in the azole target gene
ERG11
were correspondingly observed among
C. albicans
isolates representing different genotypes and sources. Isolates with the same or similar CAI genotypes usually possessed identical or phylogenetically closely related
ERG11
sequences. Loss of heterozygosity in
ERG11
was observed in all the CAI 32-46 isolates but not in the CAI 30-45 isolates and most of the oral isolates sequenced. Compared with the
ERG11
sequence of strain SC5314 (X13296), two homozygous missense mutations (G487T and T916C) leading to two amino acid changes (A114S and Y257H) in Erg11p were found in CAI 32-46 isolates. The correlation between azole susceptibility and
C. albicans
genotype may be of potential therapeutic significance.