bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microparasite species richness in rodents is higher at lower latitudes and is associated with reduced litter size
Authors: Bordes Frédéric , Guégan Jean François , Morand Serge 
Published: August 2011

Parasite species loads are expected to be higher in the tropics and higher parasite species richness to have cumulative effects on host physiology or demography. Despite being regularly assumed or predicted, empirical evidence on species–latitude patterns is scarce or contradictory and studies on the impacts of concomitant infections have mainly been done at host intra‐specific level. Broad generalizations are then very hard, if not spurious.By focusing on rodent species and their non‐eukaryotic microparasites (i.e. viruses and bacteria), we investigated, using a comparative approach, microparasite species richness across rodent species according to the latitude where they occur. We also explored the links between rodents’ reproductive traits, latitude and microparasite species richness.We find for the first time in rodents that virus species richness increases towards tropical latitudes, and that rodent litter size seems to decrease when microparasite species richness increases independently from the latitude. These results support the hypotheses that rodent species in the tropics effectively harbour higher parasite species loads, at least in terms of species richness for viruses, and that parasite species richness influences rodent life‐history traits. Although some other factors, such as seasonality, were not taken into account due the lack of data, our study stresses the idea that chronic microparasite infections may have detrimental effects on their rodent host reservoirs, notably by affecting litter size.
GLI2 and M‐MITF transcription factors control exclusive gene expression programs and inversely regulate invasion in human melanoma cells
Authors: Javelaud Delphine , Alexaki Vasileia‐Ismini , Pierrat Marie‐Jeanne , Hoek Keith S. , Dennler Sylviane , Van Kempen Leon , Bertolotto Corine , Ballotti Robert , Saule Simon , Delmas Véronique , Mauviel Alain 
Published: August 2011

SummaryWe recently identified GLI2, the most active of GLI transcription factors, as a direct TGF‐β/SMAD target, whose expression in melanoma cells is associated with increased invasiveness and metastatic capacity. In this work, we provide evidence that high GLI2 expression is inversely correlated with that of the melanocyte‐specific transcription factor M‐microphthalmia transcription factor (M‐MITF) and associated transcriptional program. GLI2‐expressing cell lines were characterized by the loss of M‐MITF‐dependent melanocytic differentiation markers and reduced pigmentation. The balance between M‐MITF and GLI2 expression did not correlate with the presence or absence of BRAF‐activating mutations, but rather was controlled by two distinct pathways: the TGF‐β pathway, which favors GLI2 expression, and the protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP pathway, which pushes the balance toward high M‐MITF expression. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that GLI2 and M‐MITF reciprocally repress each other’s expression and control melanoma cell invasion in an opposite manner. These findings thus identify GLI2 as a critical transcription factor antagonizing M‐MITF function to promote melanoma cell phenotypic plasticity and invasive behavior.
Novel Platelet ADP P2Y12 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Tan Guang‐Ming , Lam Yat‐Yin , Yan Bryan P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryInhibition of the platelet P2Y12 receptor plays an important role in the prevention of thrombotic complications of acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary interventions. Despite clinical benefits with clopidogrel therapy in these high risk patients, efficacy of clopidogrel is limited by slow onset of action, variability in platelet inhibitory response and potential drug–drug interactions. Importantly, suboptimal platelet inhibition by clopidogrel is associated with worse prognosis. This underscores the need for alternate antiplatelet treatment strategies. A number of novel P2Y12 antagonists are approved or in advanced development and some have demonstrated superior platelet inhibition effect, clinical outcomes, and safety profile than clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview on the current status in P2Y12 receptor inhibition and to review the pharmacology and clinical development of four of these agents: prasugrel, cangrelor, ticagrelor, and elinogrel.
Ezetimibe improves glucose metabolism by ameliorating hepatic function in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ichimori Shinji , Shimoda Seiya , Goto Rieko , Matsuo Yasuto , Maeda Takako , Furukawa Noboru , Kawashima Junji , Kodama Shoko , Sekigami Taiji , Isami Satoshi , Nishida Kenro , Araki Eiichi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Several experimental studies have shown that ezetimibe improves steatosis and insulin resistance in the liver. This suggests that ezetimibe may improve glucose metabolism, as well as lipid metabolism, by inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation. Therefore, we compared HbA1c levels after 3 months ezetimibe treatment with baseline levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and examined the factors associated with reductions in HbA1c following ezetimibe administration.Materials and Methods:  Lipid profiles, hepatic function, and HbA1c were assessed before and after 3 months treatment with 10 mg/day ezetimibe in 96 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Regression analysis was used to investigate associations between metabolite levels and the percentage change in HbA1c.Results:  Low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol was significantly lower after 3 months treatment compared with baseline, and HbA1c decreased in approximately 50% of patients. Univariate linear regression analyses showed that changes in HbA1c were significantly associated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio, and age. Two‐tailed chi‐square tests revealed that serum ALT ≥35 IU/L and an AST/ALT ratio <1.0 were significantly associated with decreases in HbA1c following ezetimibe administration.Conclusions:  The results of the present study indicate that ezetimibe may improve glucose metabolism. Serum ALT levels and the AST/ALT ratio were useful predictors of a glucose metabolism response to ezetimibe. This trial was registered with UMIN (no. UMIN000005307). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00147.x, 2011)
Exploring taste hyposensitivity in Japanese senior high school students
Authors: Ohnuki Mari , Shinada Kayoko , Ueno Masayuki , Zaitsu Takashi , Wright Fredrick Allan Clive , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of taste hyposensitivity and the relationships between sex, oral health status, and eating habits with taste hyposensitivity in Japanese senior high school students.Methods:  Oral examinations, sweet and salt whole‐mouth taste tests, and a questionnaire about eating habits were conducted on 234 senior high school students. Factors affecting taste hyposensitivity were investigated using a multivariate analysis.Results:  Sweet‐taste hyposensitivity was observed in 7.3% of the students, and salt‐taste hyposensitivity in 22.2%. Approximately 3% of the students had both sweet‐ and salt‐taste hyposensitivity, and 22.6% had either sweet‐ or salt‐taste hyposensitivity. In total, 26% had a taste hyposensitivity. There were significant relationships between the intake of instant noodles with sweet‐taste hyposensitivity, and the intake of vegetables or isotonic drinks with salt‐taste hyposensitivity.Conclusions:  There was a significant association between eating habits and taste hyposensitivity in Japanese senior high school students. Taste tests would be a helpful adjunct for students to recognize variations in taste sensitivity, and a questionnaire about their eating habits might provide an effective self‐review of their eating habits, and therefore, provide motivation to change.
Commissioning and benchmarking a 3D dosimetry system for clinical use
Authors: Thomas Andrew , Newton Joseph , Adamovics John , Oldham Mark 
Published: August 2011

Purpose:A 3D dosimetry system is described which consists of two parts: a radiochromic plastic dosimeter PRESAGE® (which responds to absorbed dose with a linear change in optical‐density) and the Duke large‐field‐of‐view optical‐CT scanner (DLOS). The DLOS/PRESAGE system has recently been commissioned and benchmarked for clinical use and, in particular, for verification and commissioning of complex radiation treatments.Methods:DLOS commissioning involved determining the dynamic range, spatial resolution, noise, temporal, and other characteristics of the light source and imaging components. Benchmarking tests were performed on the combined DLOS/PRESAGE system to establish baseline dosimetric performance. The tests consisted of delivering simple radiation treatments to PRESAGE dosimeters, and comparing the measured 3D relative dose distributions with the known gold standard. The gold standard distribution was obtained from machine beam‐data or the treatment planning system (TPS). All studies used standardized procedures to ensure consistency.Results:For commissioning, isotropic spatial resolution was submillimeter (MTF > 0.5 for frequencies of 1.5 lp/mm) and the dynamic range was ∼60 dB. Flood field uniformity was within 10% and stable after 45 min of warm‐up. Stray‐light is small, due to telecentricity, but even the residual can be removed through deconvolution by a point‐spread‐function. For benchmarking, the mean 3D passing NDD (normalized dose distribution) rate (3%, 3mm, 5% dose threshold) over the benchmark data sets was 97.3% ± 0.6% (range 96%–98%), which is on par with other planar dosimeters used in external beam radiation therapy indicating excellent agreement. Noise was low at <2% of maximum dose (4–12 Gy) for 2 mm reconstructions. The telecentric design was critical to enabling fast imaging with minimal stray‐light artifacts.Conclusions:This work presents the first comprehensive benchmarking of a 3D dosimetry system for clinical use. The DLOS/PRESAGE benchmark tests show consistently good agreement to simple known distributions. The system produces accurate isotropic 2 mm dose data over clinical volumes (e.g., 16 cm diameter phantoms, 12 cm height), in under 15 min. It represents a uniquely useful and versatile new tool for commissioning and verification of complex therapy treatments.
First‐Order Boundary Value Problem with Nonlinear Boundary Condition on Time Scales
Authors: Zhao Ya-Hong 
Published: August 2011

This work is concerned with the following first‐order dynamic equation on time scale 𝕋,
xΔ(t) + p(t)x(σ(t)) = f(t, x(t)), t ∈ [0, T] 𝕋
with the nonlinear boundary condition
x(0) = g(x(σ(T))).
By applying monotone iteration method, we not only obtain the existence of positive solutions, but also establish iterative schemes for approximating the solutions.
Protego-proterreo. Making an Amulet by Mutilating a Manuscript
Authors: Boer Dick E.H. de 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis contribution describes the way in which amulets functioned in the medieval Latin West at the intersection of magic, medicine and religion and the way in which they were made. A Pantaleon amulet from the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century serves as an example. This amulet has been cut out of a Bible leaf and still shows the essential text of the Last Supper, from Luke 22.
The Jerusalem Miniatures in Maerlant’s Rijmbijbel 10 B 21 and in the Hornby Book of Hours. Questions of Context and Meaning
Authors: Chavannes-Mazel Claudine A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFrom the late thirteenth century onwards, the depictions of the Siege of Jerusalem and the eventual annihilation of the city and its inhabitants are generally full of horrifying details, which visualise the final vengeance of the Lord against His own people. The Hornby Hours exaggerate the negative side of the Jews’ fate, whereas the opening miniature in Maerlant’s Wrake, Museum Meermanno 10 B 21, is a factual account, based entirely upon the most positive interpretation of Jacob van Maerlant’s poem Wrake van Jerusalem.
“Sons of Northern Darkness”: Heathen Influences in Black Metal and Neofolk Music1
Authors: Granholm Kennet 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe focus of this article is on the influence of heathenism on popular music, specifically on Black Metal and Neofolk. These two genres, or more correctly scenes, are converging — something which is interesting in itself as purely musical similarities are nonexistent. Both scenes are permeated by heathen notions, and have the ability to function as “cultural systems” providing sets of ideology, meanings, and practices for their adherents. Thus, they comprise more than simply “musical styles.” The appeal of heathenism in these scenes can be explained by its status as non-mainstream exotic rejected knowledge, which makes it attractive in the quest for authenticity and rebellion inherent in rock music. At the same time it is precisely the inclusion of heathen elements which provides the possibility to construct meaning systems that can sustain a coherent cultural complex.
“Jacques” et “Paul” en débat L’épître de Jacques et la tradition paulinienne (Jc 2 : 14-26//Ep 2 : 8-10, 2 Tm 1 : 9 et Tt 3 : 5.8b)
Authors: Cuvillier Elian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFrom a comparison of Jas 2 : 14-26 with Rom 4-5, Gal 2-3 and Phil 3, it can be concluded that James had knowledge of the Pauline epistles. Nevertheless, we can note some significant differences, which lead us to believe that Jas 2 : 14-26 is a dialogue with Pauline Christians of the second generation. A comparison with Eph 2 : 8-10, 2 Tim 1 : 9 and Titus 3 : 5b-8 confirms this hypothesis. The epistle of James is probably the work of the leader of a Judeo-Christian community who, at a time when Judeo-Christianism was trying to join the main Church, was negotiating membership. He was doing this without compromising his beliefs, particularly when he noted certain deviations within the communities which were influenced by Pauline theology. As a conclusion to this analysis, some thoughts are put forward concerning the christology of James, which is more sophisticated than is usually thought.
Unser Vater im Himmel Eine These zur Metaphorik der Rede von Gott in der Logienquelle
Authors: Rau Eckhard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGegenstand des Aufsatzes ist Jesu Rede von Gott als Vater in der Logienquelle. Sie hat ihr Zentrum in der Komposition von Q 10:21-11:13, die sich um das johanneisch klingende Wort von Q 10:22 gruppiert. Der Autor stellt die These zur Diskussion, dass dieses Wort trotz seiner formalen und inhaltlichen Singularität den Schlüssel zum Verständnis aller anderen Stellen darstellt, die in Q vom Vater sprechen. Sie verfolgen durchweg das Anliegen, die jüdisch geläufigen Konnotationen der Vater-Metaphorik für die Plausibilisierung der Sendung Jesu in Anspruch zu nehmen. Der Jesus, der darin zu Wort kommt, ist der Jesus in der Sicht der Logienquelle, aber es könnte sein, dass dessen Bild der historischen Gestalt Jesu recht nahekommt.
Changes in Human Development in Developing Countries: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Dao Minh Quang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBased on data from the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme, a sample of 29 developing economies was used. The finding is that cross-country changes in human development may be explained by per capita GDP growth, the length of land boundaries, the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months, the under-5 mortality rate, the ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education, the prevalence of HIV, the national average distance to the capital city, and the income share held by the lowest 10% of population. As observed, the coefficient estimates of three independent variables do not have the anticipated sign due to the severe degree of multicollinearity among statistically significant explanatory variables. Data for all variables are from the 2010 World Development Indicators and the 2009 Human Development Report. The least-squares estimation technique in a multivariate linear regression was applied. As noted, the severe degree of multicollinearity among explanatory variables may have caused their coefficient estimates to have the wrong sign.
To Sketch an Essence: Schematic Thoughts on Paul Klee and the Image of the Daemonic
Authors: Watson Stephen H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the ambiguity that attends Paul Klee’s characterization of the daemonic element in his work. It does so by analyzing the history of this concept in classical German thought from Wincklemann to Goethe. I note transformations of the concept in writings contemporaneous to Klee in literary theory and theology. These include Lukács, for whom the modern novel articulates the daemonic as an ironic world devoid of transcendental immanence, homeland, or essence; and Otto, for whom the world remained in some sense still not devoid of the numinous. I further consider these issues in brief discussion of Klee’s account of the polyphonic construction of the artwork. Finally, attention is given to proximate philosophical treatments of the topic in writers influenced by Klee’s work.
Les formes verbales augmentées de l’arabe moderne de presse: une étude statistique et syntaxico-sémantique à travers un corpus de presse
Authors: Baize-Robache Marie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article deals with contemporary Arabic through a corpus extracted from the website <ext-link ext-link-type="url" xlink:href="www.aljazeera.net">www.aljazeera.net</ext-link>. Before comparing the extended verbal forms of this corpus with the same verbal forms found in the newspaper al-ayāt, it first defines the object as well as the analysis method of the corpora. In a third part, it moves on to the study of the extended verbal forms, like this: (1) the analysis of few significant instances, (2) the statistical report of this few values for the forms of each corpus. The whole of these instances reveals that, if there are some evolutions in the functioning of the forms in relation to the Arabist standard, the Internet corpus does not present any single one in comparison to the paper corpus.
Al-awādi al-ğāmia: A Contemporary Account of the Mongol Conquest of Baghdad, 656/1258
Authors: Gilli-Elewy Hend 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article contains a translation (Arabic-English) with introduction and commentary of the events of years 655/1257 and 656/1258 of al-Ḥawādiṯ al-ğāmiʿa including two qaīdas, written by an Iraqi anonymous author. It deals with the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols and the death of the last Abbasid caliph al-Mustaʿṣim. Al-Ḥawādiṯ al-ğāmiʿa is a very interesting local Iraqi chronicle of the VIIth/XIIIth century and provides an abundance of detail that is not to be found elsewhere. Historiography of the period can often be divided along Arabic-Mamluk and Persian-Mongol lines; however, this chronicle cannot really be situated on either side. Translations of other primary sources of this event, both Arabic and Persian, have been made available; this translation not only complements them, but also adds a local perspective to the evaluation of the events.
Die Überlieferung der Briefschaften von Geert Grote
Authors: Hofman R.H.F. , Dijk Rudolf Th.M. van 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAt an early date already, shortly after they had been written by Geert Grote (1340-84), his letters were collected by adherents of the Devotio Moderna movement. Individual or collected letters were transmitted through four different channels: (1) in the form of independent corpora epistolarum; (2) as part of a miscellany or convolute; (3) incorporated in the Chronicon Windeshemense, the historiography of the movement finished in 1463 by Johannes Busch (c. 1399-1480); (4) as appendix to the Vita Gerardi Magni, compiled 1436-50 by Thomas a Kempis (1380-1471). Three collections of collected letters have come down to us, but information available through other sources suggests that Latin (and vernacular) corpora must have been much more widespread. It seems possible to suggest that Grote’s friend and contemporary Johan Cele (1343-1417) may have been instrumental in the constitution of a ‘canon of Grote’s letters’. Since the order of the letters is not consistent in the three extant corpora, the criteria for their arrangement must have been fluctuating.
An Eighteenth-Century Dutch Patron of Bookbinding
Authors: Foot Mirjam M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA group of 110 gold-tooled bindings, covering mainly incunabula, as well as a few sixteenth-, seventeenth-, and eighteenth-century works, was produced in a bindery in The Hague during the eighteenth century, presumably for one collector. This article describes the detective work which has led to the identification of the owner of these finely bound books as Samuel van Huls, a Hague magistrate and avid collector of books and pictures.
Continuation of Membership in the United Nations Revisited: Lessons from Fifteen Years of Inconsistency in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ
Authors: Bordin Fernando Lusa 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe judgment on preliminary objections in Croatia v. Serbia provided closure to fifteen years of controversy as to whether Serbia had access to the ICJ from 1992 to 2000, a period in which Serbia was involved in three sets of cases before the Court. At the heart of the controversy lay the question of the status of Serbia vis-à-vis the United Nations following the disaggregation of the former Yugoslavia. Taking as a starting point the series of cases relating to the application of the Genocide Convention and the legality of use of force by NATO states, this article revisits the issue of continuation of membership in the United Nations. It begins by discussing the problems posed by the “horizontal inconsistency” among the Court’s jurisdictional findings, which implied that Serbia had and did not have access to the Court in the relevant period. It then offers a critique of the ICJ’s decision in Legality of Use of Force, and proposes an approach to continuation of membership in the UN that would have allowed the Court not only to avoid inconsistency, but also to clarify an important question of UN law. The argument to be advanced is that, according to the soundest interpretation of the UN Charter, a de facto exercise of membership may produce valid legal effects.
The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf and its Disturbing Propensity to Legislate
Authors: Serdy Andrew 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCreated by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to apply the rules in Article 76 on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from States’ territorial sea baselines, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf has on several occasions introduced new requirements for States not supported by Article 76, or impermissibly qualifying the rights Article 76 accords them. This article focuses on several such instances, one to the coastal State’s advantage (though temporally rather than spatially), another neutral (though requiring unnecessary work of States), but the remainder all tending to reduce the area of continental shelves. The net effect has been to deprive States of areas of legal continental shelf to which a reasonable interpretation of Article 76 entitles them, and in one case even of their right to have their submissions examined on their merits, even though, paradoxically, the well-meaning intention behind at least some of the Commission’s pronouncements was to avoid other controversies.