bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aborsi Janin hasil Perkosaan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Manaf Abdul , Priatna Ida 
Published: May 2024

Salah satu diktum penting dalam ajaran Islam adalah manusia itu suci hidupnya dan mulia jasadnya, sehingga manusia tidak boleh melakukan sesuatu yang dapat menghilangkan jiwa kecuali yang dibenarkan syara’. Demikian juga dengan segi tinjauan Islam bahwasanya janin merupakan sebuah kehidupan yang sama dengan kehidupan seseorang yang telah lahir ke dunia. Berangkat dari statemen tersebut penelitian ini bermaksud menjelaskan hukum aborsi janin akibat perkosaan dalam perspektif hukum Islam, serta bertujuan untuk mengetahui hukumnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengkajian melalui kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan meneliti beberapa pandangan ulama Islam mengenai status hukum aborsi janin akibat perkosaan. Masalah abortus ini adalah isu controversial dan pelik, sehingga demikian kompleksnya pembicaraan aborsi tidak hanya dalam lingkup kecil suatu Negara, tetapi menjadi pembicaraan level dunia internasional. Adapun sebab-sebab yang menjadikan ibu-ibu memilih aborsi pada dasarnya didorong oleh rasa penolakan terhadap kelahiran anak, karena desakan berbagai faktor, seperti faktor sosial, ekonomi, rasa malu, gengsi, dan sebagainya. Salah satu faktor seorang wanita memilih menggugurkan kandungan adalah janin yang dikandung merupakan korban tindak kekerasan (pemerkosaan), bila tidak digugurkan, wanita tersebut merasakan beban psikologis yang berat seperti malu, benci dan hina. Beranjak dari wacana tersebut, kajian ini mencoba mengkaji kembali permasalahan abortus ini dengan menganalisis pendapat-pendapat para fuqaha serta dalil-dalil yang digunakan mereka dan mencoba merumuskan sebuah kesimpulan tentang hukum abortus hasil perkosaan menurut padangan hukum Islam. Diungkap dari hasil penelitian bahwasanya para ulama membolehkan aborsi jenis ini sebelum umur janin diatas 120 h karena dharurat, keturunan, dan kehormatan. Dan alangkah sangat mulia bila janin tersebut dapat dipertahankan. Dan bila janin berumur 120 hari atau lebih ulama sepakat untuk tidak membolehkan aborsi dalam kondisi apapun, sementara janin hasil perkosaan pihak pemerkosa yang harus bertanggung jawab dengan diawasi negara dan memulihkan nama baik sang ibu dan keluarganya.
Frequent Sural Nerve Injury with Posterior Approach for Ankle Fracture Fixation
Authors: Simske Natasha M. , Kotchman Halle , Pennacchio Caroline , Dorney Ian , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of iatrogenic sural nerve injury in a large, consecutive sample of surgically managed ankle fractures and to identify factors associated with sural nerve injury and subsequent recovery. We hypothesize that a direct posterior approach may be associated with higher risk of iatrogenic sural nerve injury.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of 265 skeletally mature patients who sustained ankle fractures over a 2-year period was done. All were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of fractured malleoli. Patient, injury, and treatment features were documented. The presence (n = 26, 9.8%) of sural nerve injury and recovery of sural nerve function were noted.

Results:
All 26 sural nerve injuries were iatrogenic, occurring postoperatively after open reduction and internal fixation. Patients who sustained sural nerve injuries had more ankle fractures secondary to motor vehicle collisions (23.1% versus 9.2%), more associated trimalleolar fractures (69.2% versus 33.9%), and more Orthopaedic Trauma Association/AO 44B3 fractures (57.7% versus 25.1%), all P < 0.05. A posterior approach to the posterior malleolus through the prone position was used in 20.4% of patients. All 26 of the sural nerve injuries (100%) occurred when the patient was placed prone for a posterior approach, P < 0.001. Therefore, 26 of the 54 patients (48%) treated with a posterior approach sustained an iatrogenic sural nerve injury. 62% of patients had full recovery of sural nerve function with no residual numbness, and patients with nerve recovery had fewer associated fracture-dislocations (23.1% versus 100%, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
A posterior approach for posterior malleolus fixation was associated with a 48% iatrogenic sural nerve injury rate, with 62% recovering full function within 6 months of injury. Morbidity of this approach should be considered, and surgeons should be cautious with nerve handling.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, Therapeutic.
Critical Portions of a Foot or Ankle Surgical Procedure From Patient and Surgeon Perspectives
Authors: Flaherty Alexandra , Mathur Vasundhara , Heyrani Nasser , Waryasz Gregory , Guss Daniel , Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Over the past decade, overlapping procedures in orthopaedic surgery have come under increased public scrutiny. Central to this discussion is what should constitute a “critical portion” of any surgical procedure—a definition which may differ between patients and surgeons. This study therefore aimed to assess which components of three common foot and ankle procedures are considered “critical” from both the patient and surgeon perspectives.

Methods:
For this survey-based study, questionnaires were administered to patients who presented to an orthopaedic foot and ankle clinic and separately administered to foot and ankle surgeons through e-mail. The questionnaires broached all steps involved in three common foot and ankle procedures: open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fracture, Achilles tendon repair, and ankle arthroscopy. Respondents were asked to characterize each step as “always critical,” “often critical,” sometimes critical,” rarely critical,” or “never critical.” A combined “always critical” and “often critical” response rate of greater than 50% was used to define a step as genuinely critical. Patient and surgeon responses were thereafter compared using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P-value <0.05 was considered significant).

Results:
Notably, both patients and surgeons considered informed consent, preoperative marking of the surgical site, preoperative time-out, surgical soft-tissue dissection, and certain procedure-specific steps (critical portions) of these procedures. By contrast, only patients considered skin incision and wound closure to be critical steps.

Conclusion:
Patients and surgeons were largely in agreement as to what should comprise the critical portions of several common foot and ankle procedures. Certain discrepancies did exist, however, such as skin incision and closure, and both groups were also in general agreement regarding what was not considered a critical component of these operations. Such findings highlight a potential opportunity for improved preoperative patient education and patient-physician communication.

Level of evidence:
Level IV: Evidence from well-designed case-control or cohort studies.
Risk Factors of Failure to Discharge Before “Two Midnights” in Outpatient-Designated Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Florance Jonathon , Stauffer Taylor P. , Kim Billy I. , Seyler Thorsten M. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Jiranek William A. , Ryan Sean P. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services removed total hip arthroplasty (THA) from the inpatient-only list but continued to classify admissions as inpatient if they include two midnights, complicating care if an outpatient THA requires extended hospitalization. This study evaluates risk factors of patients undergoing outpatient-designated THA with a length of stay (LOS) ≥ 2 days.

Methods:
A total of 17,063 THA procedures designated as outpatient in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database between 2015 and 2020 were stratified by LOS < 2 days (n = 2,294, 13.4%) and LOS ≥ 2 days (n = 14,765, 86.6%). Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were compared by univariate analysis. Multivariable regression analysis identified predictors of LOS ≥ 2 days.

Results:
Outpatients with extended LOS were older (mean 65.3 vs. 63.5 years; P < 0.01); were more likely to have body mass index (BMI) > 35 (24.0 vs. 17.8%; P < 0.01); and had higher incidences of smoking (15.1% vs. 10.3%; P < 0.01), diabetes (15.4% vs. 9.9%; P < 0.01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.4% vs. 2.3%; P < 0.01), and hypertension (57.6% vs. 49.2%; P < 0.01). Patients with LOS ≥ 2 days had a higher incidence of surgical site infection (P < 0.01), hospital readmission (P < 0.01), and revision surgery (P < 0.01) over 30 days. Multivariable analysis demonstrated advanced age, female sex, African American race, Hispanic ethnicity, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension were independent risk factors for LOS ≥ 2 days.

Conclusion:
Despite removal from the inpatient-only list, a subset of outpatient THA remains at risk of an extended LOS. This study informs surgeons on the relevant risk factors of extended stay, enabling early inpatient preauthorization.
Preoperative Electrodiagnostic Study Findings Differ Between Patients With Double-crush Syndrome and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Propensity Matched Analysis
Authors: Pohl Nicholas B. , Narayanan Rajkishen , Brush Parker L. , Lee Yunsoo , Qureshi Rabia , Kanhere Arun , Micou M. Lauren , Fras Sebastian I. , Kaye Ian David , Mangan John J. , Kurd Mark F. , Mehnert Michael J. , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Double-crush syndrome (DCS) represents a condition that involves peripheral nerve compression in combination with spinal nerve root impingement. The purpose of this study was to compare electrodiagnostic study (EDS) results in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release (CTR) for carpal tunnel syndrome with those undergoing both CTR and anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for DCS.

Methods:
Patients receiving an isolated CTR were compared with those undergoing CTR and anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion within two years of CTR. The latter group was defined as our DCS cohort. Electrodiagnostic study results were collected which included sensory and motor nerve conduction data as well as electromyogram (EMG) findings. All electrodiagnostic studies were done before CTR in both sets of patients.

Results:
Fifty-four patients with DCS and 137 CTR-only patients were included. Patients with DCS were found to have decreased sensory onset latency (3.51 vs 4.01; P = 0.015) and peak latency (4.25 vs 5.17; P = 0.004) compared with the CTR-only patients. Patients with DCS had slower wrist motor velocity (30.5 vs 47.7; P = 0.012), decreased elbow motor latency (9.62 vs 10.6; P = 0.015), and faster elbow motor velocity (56.0 vs 49.4; P = 0.031). EMG results showed that patients with DCS were more likely to have positive findings in the biceps (31.9% vs 1.96%; P < 0.001) and triceps (24.4% vs 2.97%; P < 0.001), but not abductor pollicis brevis (APB) (45.7% vs 37.9%; P = 0.459).

Conclusion:
We identified changes on EDS between patients with and without DCS. In patients with DCS, sensory nerve studies showed shorter peak and onset latency than in CTR-only patients. Interestingly, DCS and CTR-only patients had different patterns of wrist and elbow motor nerve conduction. Providers observing positive EMG findings proximal to the APB should raise their suspicion for possible cervical radiculopathy and when present with carpal tunnel syndrome-like symptoms, should also consider DCS in their diagnostic differential.
The Delayed Presentation and Diagnosis of Youth Wrestling Injuries: A 20-Year Analysis of National Injury Data
Authors: Huffman William H. , Ayotte Steven R. , Jia Lori , Pirruccio Kevin , Li Xinning , Kelly John D. , Parisien Robert L. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The nature of wrestling may lead athletes to mask injuries with the delayed presentations of youth wrestling-related injuries not being well characterized.

Methods:
This descriptive epidemiological study queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database to characterize delayed presentations of wrestling-related injuries in middle and high-school athletes. Data collection consisted of national estimates, demographics, and injury characteristics of patients with delayed (D) presentations (≥1 day) and same-day (S) presentations to US emergency departments after sustaining a wrestling-related injury during the scholastic wrestling season (December to February, 2000 to 2019).

Results:
Of middle and high-school wrestlers presenting to US emergency departments, 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3% to 7.1%) reported delayed presentations for a total of 1,110 patients (CI, 591 to 1,630) annually. Most commonly (P < 0.001), injuries were sustained on Saturdays in both cohorts (D, 28.2%; CI, 22.4% to 34.8%; S, 29.6%; CI, 24.3% to 35.5%). Patients reporting delayed presentations were less likely to sustain fractures (D, 11.5%; CI, 8.3% to 15.6%; S, 18.9%; CI, 15.0% to 23.5%; P = 0.019) and injuries of the head/neck (D, 20.0%; CI, 16.5 to 24.1%; S, 26.2%; CI, 21.4% to 31.7%; P = 0.011).

Discussion:
A substantial proportion of adolescent wrestlers report delayed presentations of injuries. This emphasizes the need for vigilance in detecting subtle signs of injury.
Administration of Low-dose Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Spinal Anesthesia in the Setting of Outpatient Arthroplasty
Authors: Layson James T. , Jackson Matthew C. , Wells Adrienne J. , Mabee Kathryn , DeClaire Jeffrey H. , Frisch Nicholas B. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
With the rise of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), rapid motor and sensory recovery after anesthesia is crucial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose single-shot hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia (SA) for patients undergoing outpatient arthroplasty.

Methods:
Data were reviewed from a single ASC from 2018 to 2020 for two arthroplasty-trained surgeons for all patients with primary arthroplasties that had administration of low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine. Data collected from the ASC records were then further evaluated for total spinal block time, length of blockade, time to discharge criteria, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and time to discharge.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-seven patients undergoing 244 primary arthroplasties received SA with low-dose hyperbaric bupivacaine. The volume of 0.75% bupivacaine varied: 115 patients received 0.8 mL (6 mg), 111 patients received 1.0 mL (7.5 mg), and 17 patients received 1.2 mL (9 mg). Total SA time averaged 144 minutes with a mean of 30 minutes from post anesthesia care unit arrival to motor recovery. The mean time from post anesthesia care unit arrival to discharge criteria was 89 minutes. The average VAS at discharge was 1.44; the average VAS on POD1 was 3.0. No episodes of urinary retention and no reports of transient neurologic symptoms were noted in the study population.

Conclusion:
Low-dose, single-shot hyperbaric bupivacaine SA is an effective option in the ASC for arthroplasty, providing a fast return of motor function, facilitating rapid discharge, and is safe with a relatively low-risk profile.
TRATAMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO DE PACIENTE COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA SOB ANESTESIA GERAL
Authors: Reis Giselle Emilãine da Silva , Lipski Kendy Daniel , Cavalheiro Amanda Kerin Alves , Sarot João Rodrigo , Pupo Yasmine Mendes 
Published: May 2024

O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) consiste em uma condição de desenvolvimento neurológico, caracterizada por alterações do comportamento relacionadas ao convívio social, linguagem e limitações motoras. Comumente são mais acometidas por doença periodontal e cárie dentária do que a população geral e devido a tendência a aderirem a rotinas, podem necessitar de várias visitas ao cirurgião-dentista (CD) para se aclimatarem ao ambiente odontológico. Em casos graves de TEA, a estabilização do paciente com a associação de técnicas seguras de anestesia geral está indicada. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o atendimento em centro cirúrgico, sob anestesia geral de um paciente de 9 anos de idade, sexo masculino, leucoderma portador de TEA, que havia passado por tratamento dentário complexo no ano de 2016 e, desde então encontrava-se em acompanhamento clínico odontológico, contudo devido queixa de“dor dentária” e impossibilidade de atendimento ambulatorial, foi necessário o planejamento de nova intervenção a nível hospitalar. Evidenciamos nesse relato a importância do acompanhamento do paciente com TEA, bem como a relevância do atendimento sob anestesia geral que em alguns casos é essencial para auxiliar no restabelecimento da qualidade de vida do paciente.
Nghiên cứu tính chất cơ lý của bê tông sợi tự nhiên khu vực đồng bằng sông Cửu Long
Authors: Anh Nguyễn Thế , Trường Lê Nguyễn Phú 
Published: May 2024

Trong bài báo này, tác giả nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của một số loại sợi tự nhiên phổ biến ở khu vực đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long như sợi xơ dừa, sợi rơm và sợi lục bình tới các đặc tính cơ lý của bê tông. Các thí nghiệm nén, uốn 4 điểm, kiểm tra độ sụt với các mẫu có hàm lượng, độ dài của sợi khác nhau được thực hiện để đánh giá cường độ nén, cường độ kéo do uốn của bê tông M10 và M30. Kết quả cho thấy ảnh hưởng của các loại sợi tự nhiên đến cường độ nén và uốn của bê tông phụ thuộc nhiều vào đặc tính, hàm lượng và cách thức xử lý từng loại sợi. Đối với bê tông M10, sợi xơ dừa làm tăng cường độ nén và cường độ kéo do uốn so với mẫu nền; tại hàm lượng 4% cường độ nén tăng nhiều nhất 50% trong khi tại hàm lượng 6% cường độ kéo do uốn tăng nhiều nhất 105%. Đối với bê tông M30 các loại sợi thêm vào đều làm giảm cường độ nén và tăng cường độ kéo do uốn so với mẫu nền; hàm lượng sợi tối ưu trong khoảng 2% - 4% nhưng sợi xơ dừa cho kết quả tốt hơn sợi rơm và sợi lục bình.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF ESBL-PRODUCING E. COLI AND OTHER GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM STREET-VENDED FOODS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Fariha Chowdhury Meem  , Jahid Hasan Shourove  , Topu Raihan  , Abul Kalam Azad  , Islam GM Rabiul 
Published: May 2024

The prevalence and impact of antibiotic-resistant pathogens transmitted through food, particularly street-vended foods, is becoming a major public health concern. Although a significant proportion of the urban population in developing countries consumes street-vended foods, the role of these foods in spreading antibiotic resistance has been rarely investigated. In this study, 50 bacterial isolates were obtained from 25 samples representing five categories of street-vended foods: Phuchka, Chatpati, Sausage, Bun, and Salad. The IMVIC test revealed a notably high occurrence of Escherichia coli (n=32) within the collected samples. Three representative isolates were selected for molecular identification using DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA. They were identified as Klebsiella oxytoca, Burkholderia fungorum, and Serratia nematodiphila. The antibiotic susceptibility of the identified isolates (n=35) was investigated using twelve antibiotics following the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Around 65.63% of the E. coli isolates (n=21) exhibited multidrug resistance. Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) and Phenotypic Confirmatory Disk Diffusion Test (PCDDT) confirmed ESBL production of Eight multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates (38.09%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index showed that 22 E. coli isolates had MAR above 0.2, with resistance mostly against oxacillin, ampicillin, and cefuroxime. The Klebsiella oxytoca isolate showed multidrug resistance viz., ampicillin, oxacillin, cefuroxime, and kanamycin. The Burkholderia fungorum isolate showed no distinct inhibition zone against ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Additionally, the Serratia nematodiphila isolate showed no distinct inhibition zone against three antibiotics, including ampicillin, oxacillin, and cefuroxime. These findings might contribute to the knowledge of emerging antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens and raise concerns about the safety of street-vended foods in Bangladesh.
Zorgen voor het milieu
Authors: Hovestad M.J. , Koopmans I. 
Published: May 2024

Zorgen voor het milieu. Strafrechtelijke handhaving van de zorgplichten in de Omgevingswet in het licht van de recente ontwikkelingen omtrent ecocide en de Richtlijn milieucriminaliteit
In het artikel wordt ingegaan op de relatie tussen de zorgplichten in de Omgevingswet en twee andere belangrijke ontwikkelingen, te weten de herziening van de Richtlijn milieucriminaliteit en het ingediende wetsvoorstel inzake strafbaarstelling van ecocide. Immers, via de achterdeur van artikel 1.7a Omgevingswet en artikel 1.3 Omgevingsbesluit zal de nieuwe Richtlijn milieucriminaliteit gestalte krijgen en de vraag is wat dat mogelijk betekent voor de strafrechtelijke handhaving van milieucriminaliteit. Na een brede analyse komen de auteurs tot de conclusie dat bij alle drie de ontwikkelingen sprake is van een toch wel forse verruiming van de strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid voor milieucriminaliteit. En hoewel de wetgever de verwachting heeft uitgesproken dat slechts in bijzondere gevallen gebruik gemaakt zal worden van de specifieke zorgplichten en de vangnetbepaling, wordt daar toch wel een aantal voorzichtige kanttekeningen bij geplaatst. Zo wijzen zij op het toenemend aantal aangiften wegens milieucriminaliteit door individuele burgers en belangengroepen en het feit dat dit betekent dat het niet uitgesloten is dat bedrijven en hun leidinggevenden het risico lopen in de toekomst vaker voorwerp van strafrechtelijk onderzoek te worden.
Estilo de vida de estudantes de uma Universidade de Paranavaí – características em época de pandemia
Authors: Ferreira Eloise da silva , Prati Sérgio Roberto Adriano , Lima Augusto Henrique dos Santos 
Published: May 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar o perfil do estilo de vida de estudantes universitários no período de pandemia da COVID19. A amostra foi composta por 218 universitários de uma instituição pública do estado do Paraná. Todos responderam via plataforma virtual (Google Forms) o questionário Estilo de Vida (EV) Fantástico (AÑEZ; REIS; PETROSKI, 2008) composto por 25 questões, sendo 23 em escala likert com valores de 0 a 4pontos e 2 dicotômicas valendo 0 ou 4pts. Após respondidas ass questões soma-se os resultados podendo alcançar até 100pts. Quanto mais alto o escore mais saudável e seguro é o EV. Foi verificado que, em média, o EV dos universitários atingiu 64,8 (±11,6) pts., sendo que o sexo masculino (66,7±11,9pts) foi maior estatisticamente (P<0,05) do que o feminino (64,1±11,7pts). Observou-se também que dentre todos universitários, 63,7% se enquadraram em níveis menos seguros e saudáveis (no sexo masculino foi 56,2%; e no sexo feminino 66,8%). Na análise por dimensões do EV, observou-se diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre sexos quando comparados os domínios Estresse e Segurança (SS), Tipo de comportamento (TC), Introspeção (I) e Carreira (C). Por fim, constatou-se que havia prevalência de casos (de 59 a 78%) com maior risco a saúde e segurança nas dimensões Atividade Física (AF), Nutrição (N), SS, TC e I, além disso percebeu-se importante parcela dos universitários usuários como usuários de Tabaco e Drogas (TD=25%) e com consumo inadequado de Álcool (21%) durante a pandemia. Conclui-se que o EV dos universitários na pandemia mostrou-se preocupante de forma geral, em especial nos aspectos da AF, N, SS, TC e I, além de proporção preocupante de usuários de substâncias nocivas. Percebeu-se também que as universitárias estavam com condições de maior risco à segurança e saúde em relação aos universitários.