bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of isoflurane anesthesia on D2 receptor occupancy by [18F]fallypride measured by microPET with a modified Logan plot
Authors: Tantawy Mohammed N. , Peterson Todd E. , Jones Carrie K. , Johnson Kari , Rook Jerri M. , Conn P. Jeffrey , Baldwin Ronald M. , Ansari M. Sib , Kessler Robert M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn the previous work, we reported a method that utilized imaging data collected from 60 to 120 min following [18F]fallypride administration to estimate the distribution volume ratio DVR′ (DVR′ ∝ DVR; DVR = 1 + BPND, where BPND is a measure of receptor density, DA D2 in this case). In this work, we use this method to assess the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on [18F]fallypride DVR′. Methods: Rats were injected with [18F]fallypride either unconsciously under ∼1.5% isoflurane via the tail vein (Group 1) or consciously via a catheter inserted either in the jugular vein (Group 2) or the tail vein (Group 3). After about 1 h of free access to food and water the rats were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane and imaged in a microPET for 60 min. The rats that were injected consciously (Groups 2 and 3) were placed in a rat restrainer during [18F]fallypride injection. They were habituated in that restrainer for 3 days prior to the experiment day to minimize restraint‐related stress. For comparison, a control group of rats was imaged for 120 min simultaneously with the administration of [18F]fallypride i.v. while under 1.5% isoflurane. The DVR′ estimates from the 60 min acquisitions were compared with the DVR′ from the last 60 min of the 120 min acquisitions (after neglecting the first 60 min). In addition, the striatal time–activity curves were fit with a 2‐tissue + plasma compartment model using an arbitrary simulated plasma input function to obtain k3/k4 (≈ BPND) for the 60 and 120 min acquisitions. Results: Isoflurane anesthesia caused a significant reduction, up to 22%, in the DVR′ estimates, which were 15.7 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE) for the controls, 17.7 ± 0.3 for Group 1, 19.2 ± 0.4 for Group 2, and 18.8 ± 0.7 for Group 3. The compartmental model fit produced similar results, ∼30% reduction in k3/k4 for the 120‐min acquisitions compared with the 60‐min acquisitions (initial conscious uptake of the radiotracer). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that isoflurane anesthesia significantly decreases striatal [18F]fallypride BPND in rats. Of similar importance, this work demonstrates the effectiveness of delayed scans following radiotracer injection and the implication that different types of studies can be conducted simultaneously with this method, including studies of behavioral and environmental impact on brain receptors. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental treatment of bilateral fetal chylothorax using in‐utero pleurodesis
Authors: Yang Y.‐S. , Ma G.‐C. , Shih J.‐C. , Chen C.‐P. , Chou C.‐H. , Yeh K.‐T. , Kuo S.‐J. , Chen T.‐H. , Hwu W.‐L. , Lee T.‐H. , Chen M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the use and efficacy of in‐utero pleurodesis for experimental treatment of bilateral fetal chylothorax.MethodsThis was a study of 78 fetuses with bilateral pleural effusion referred to three tertiary referral centers in Taiwan between 2005 and 2009. Fetuses were karyotyped following amniocentesis and the lymphocyte ratio in the pleural effusion was determined following thoracocentesis. Forty‐nine (62.8%) fetuses had a normal karyotype and were recognized to have fetal chylothorax; of these, 45 underwent intrapleural injection of 0.1KE OK‐432 per side per treatment. We evaluated clinical (hydrops vs. no hydrops) and genetic (mutations in the reported lymphedema‐associated loci: VEGFR3, PTPN11, FOXC2, ITGA9) parameters, as well as treatment outcome. Long‐term survival was defined as survival to 1 year of age.ResultsThe overall long‐term survival rate (LSR) was 35.6% (16/45); the LSR for non‐hydropic fetuses was 66.7% (12/18) and for hydropic fetuses it was 14.8% (4/27). If we included only fetuses with onset of the condition in the second trimester, excluding those with onset in the third trimester, the LSR decreased to 29.4% (10/34). Notably, 29.6% (8/27) of hydropic fetuses had mutations in three of the four loci examined.ConclusionsOK‐432 pleurodesis appeared to be an experimental alternative to the gold‐standard technique of thoracoamniotic shunting in non‐hydropic fetal chylothorax. In hydropic fetuses, pleurodesis appeared less effective. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative assessment of submucous fibroids by three‐dimensional saline contrast sonohysterography
Authors: Mavrelos D. , Naftalin J. , Hoo W. , Ben‐Nagi J. , Holland T. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveSubmucous fibroids are a common cause of menstrual disturbance that can be treated by hysteroscopic resection. Preoperative patient selection is critical for the success of surgery and it is usually based on hysteroscopic assessment of fibroid protrusion into the uterine cavity. Three‐dimensional saline contrast sonohysterography (3D‐SCSH) provides additional information about the size and location of submucous fibroids, but it has not yet been evaluated for its usefulness in preoperative assessment. The aim of this study was to examine the potential value of various demographic and ultrasound variables for the prediction of successful submucous fibroid resection.MethodsThis was a prospective study of symptomatic women diagnosed with submucous fibroids who underwent 3D‐SCSH prior to hysteroscopic resection. The women's age and parity and fibroid position, diameter, protrusion ratio, size of the intramural component and distance from the internal cervical os were all recorded. The outcome measure was success of a single hysteroscopic resection in achieving a complete excision of the fibroid. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis using a training set and a testing set were performed to investigate the prediction of successful fibroid resection.ResultsA total of 61 women with 67 fibroids were included in the study. There was a statistically significant difference between women who had complete and those who had incomplete resection in the mean protrusion ratio (67.8 (SD 14.5)% vs. 47.0 (SD 17.8)%; P = 0.001), the median maximum fibroid diameter (24.0 (interquartile range (IQR), 19.0–30.5) mm vs. 45.0 (IQR, 28.8–51.3) mm; P = 0.001) and the median size of the intramural component of the fibroid (8.0 (IQR, 4.0–11.5) mm vs. 16.5 (IQR, 12.5–29.3) mm; P = 0.001). Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis retained size of intramural component (odds ratio (OR) 0.511), parity (OR 0.002) and fibroid diameter (OR 0.843) as significant independent predictors of a complete fibroid resection. The model had an area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve of 0.975 (SE 0.039) for the training set (n = 39) and 0.864 (SE 0.090) for the testing set (n = 28).ConclusionSubmucous fibroid protrusion ratio, fibroid diameter and size of the fibroid's intramural component are significantly associated with the likelihood of successful fibroid resection. A logistic regression model can calculate individual probability of complete resection and may improve preoperative counseling of patients. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal optic nerve sheath measurement as a non‐invasive tool for assessment of increased intracranial pressure
Authors: Haratz K. , Viñals F. , Lev D. , Feit H. , Ben‐Sira L. , Lerman‐Sagie T. , Malinger G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the sonographic technique for assessment of the fetal optic nerve sheath and to report on three fetuses with intracranial lesions and enlarged optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) compared with normal controls matched for gestational age (GA).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study ONSD was measured sonographically in three fetuses (aged 23, 24 and 35 gestational weeks) with intracranial findings associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP; dural thrombosis and intracranial tumors) as well as 42 healthy controls matched for GA ± 1 week (aged 22–25 and 34–36 weeks). For fetal eye assessment, transabdominal and transvaginal routes and high‐resolution transducers were used for optimal visualization depending on fetal position. Measurements were made using an axial view at the level of the orbits, with the fetal face positioned towards the transducer. The ONSD was measured 1.5 or 2 mm behind the papilla (depending on GA) in all fetuses. Mean ± 2 SD ONSD of controls were calculated for each GA and compared with data from the three fetuses with intracranial pathology.ResultsIn the 42 normal fetuses, ONSD increased from 1.2 mm at 23 weeks to 2.6 mm at 36 weeks. The measurements at 36 weeks correlated well with those observed in newborns. ONSD measurements of the three cases were above mean + 2 SD of values obtained from healthy controls at the same GA and also exceeded values of fetuses that were 1 week older.ConclusionsFetal ONSD measurement is feasible using a technique similar to that used in adults and children. ONSD enlargement was observed in all three fetuses with intracranial lesions and may be an early tool with which to diagnose increased ICP. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound in pregnancy and non‐right handedness: meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Salvesen K. Å. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between exposure to ultrasound in pregnancy and non‐right handedness in children with available data from randomized trials.MethodsFollow‐up data of 8865 children aged 8–14 years from three randomized trials on routine ultrasonography at 15–20 weeks' gestation were available. Handedness was assessed through questionnaires to the parents and classified according to five, 10 or 11 questions. Children not classified as right handed were regarded as non‐right handed.ResultsThere was a statistically significant increased prevalence of non‐right handedness in ultrasonographically screened children compared with controls (odds ratio (OR) 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.29). The results in subgroups according to gender are consistent with the overall results, with no significant differences between boys and girls. Among boys, the association became stronger when an exploratory analysis according to ultrasound exposure before 19–22 weeks' gestation was done (OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.53).ConclusionThere is a statistically significant—albeit weak—association between ultrasound screening during pregnancy and being non‐right handed later in life. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameterizations: representing key processes in climate models without resolving them
Authors: McFarlane Norman 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA basic requirement of climate models is to account for the effects of processes that cannot be represented in spatial or temporal detail because of limitations imposed by resolution or other modeling considerations. Such parameterizations specify an average or expected effect of such processes on the resolved variables. This has traditionally been formulated in a deterministic way in terms of the resolved variables as the mean effect averaged across many realizations of the small scales with the same large‐scale situation, implicitly or explicitly assuming the existence of some equilibrium state as a closure condition. More recently, the uncertainty of such closure assumptions has led to the use of stochastic forms of parameterization, where the required effects on the resolved scale are determined from a set of randomly chosen realizations of unresolved processes that have a known probability of occurrence given the resolved state. Theoretical and practical approaches to parameterization are discussed and illustrated with selected examples. New directions that employ hybrid modeling strategies and stochastic methods to overcome well‐known parameterization difficulties are discussed.WIREs Clim Change2011 2 482–497 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.122This article is categorized under:Climate Models and Modeling > Model Components
Needlescopic surgery for liver, gallbladder and spleen diseases
Authors: Tagaya Nobumi , Abe Akihito , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe propose that needlescopic surgery (NS) should be considered as a way of improving the esthetic result and post‐operative quality of life of patients and of reducing costs and stress on surgeons, and we have evaluated the results of NS.MethodsWe used NS in 157 patients between May 1998 and December 2010: cholecystectomy in 150 patients, marsupialization of splenic and hepatic cysts in 4 and splenectomy in 3, respectively. Under general anesthesia, one 12‐mm and two or three 2‐ or 3‐mm ports were introduced into the operative field. The specimen was retrieved from the 12‐mm wound using a plastic bag.ResultsThe procedures were successfully completed in all patients without conversion to an open procedure. In eight (5.3%) of 150 cholecystectomies a change to 5‐mm instruments was required. The mean operation times and postoperative hospital stays for cholecystectomy, splenectomy, and marsupialization of splenic and hepatic cysts were 80.2 min and 3.2 days, 167 min and 5.6 days, 170 min and 7 days, and 120 min and 7 days, respectively. There were a few perioperative complications. The most important factor for reducing operation time and achieving a low conversion rate is the use of at least one 3‐ or 5‐mm port for the grasping instruments in cholecystectomy. We recognized a residual cyst requiring splenectomy 62 months after marsupialization in one case. Technical points for performing safe procedures on solid organs were: no direct organ mobilization to avoid organ injuries, the rotation of the operating table and the utilization of organ gravity to create a better operative field, the minimum use of the needlescope to perform a safe maneuver and the improvement of bi‐manual technique.ConclusionsNS is a safe and feasible procedure for achieving minimal invasive surgery. We should consider NS as a first choice to treat operable diseases in this laparoscopic era.
Emerging therapies for neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders ‐ from concept to reality
Authors: Hemsley Kim M. , Hopwood John J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders are inherited metabolic diseases in which a mutation in a gene encoding a lysosomal enzyme or lysosome‐related protein results in the intra‐cellular accumulation of substrate and reduced cell/tissue function. Few patients with neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders have access to safe and effective treatments although many therapeutic strategies have been or are presently being studied in vivo thanks to the availability of a large number of animal models. This review will describe the comparative advancement of a variety of therapeutic strategies through the ‘research pipeline’. Our goal is to provide information for clinicians, researchers and patients/families alike on the leading therapeutic candidates at this point in time, and also to provide information on emerging approaches that may provide a safe and effective treatment in the future. The length of the pipeline represents the significant and sustained effort required to move a novel concept from the laboratory into the clinic.
Exotic thistles increase native ant abundance through the maintenance of enhanced aphid populations
Authors: Lescano María Natalia , Farji‐Brener Alejandro G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExotic species change the structure and composition of invaded communities in multiple ways, but the sign of their impact on native species is still controversial. We evaluated the effects of the thistlesCarduus thoermeriandOnopordum acanthium—two of the most abundant exotic plant species in disturbed areas of the Patagonian steppe—on the native tending ant assemblage. Exotic thistles showed an increased number of plants with aphids and had greater aphid density than native plants. Since native tending ants were present only in plants with aphids, their abundance was higher in infested thistles than in native plants. Path analyses confirmed that ant activity depended more on aphid density than on thistle traits. Our results suggest that the presence of exotic thistles in disturbed areas of NW Patagonia indirectly benefit the native ant assemblage through the maintenance of an increased aphid population. This illustrates how the impact of exotic on native species can depend on the ecological context.
Network of collaboration among PC members of Brazilian computer science conferences
Authors: Bazzan Ana L. C. , Argenta V. F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe structure, dynamics, and importance of the social network of collaboration among scientists has been already studied, sometimes yielding counter-intuitive conclusions. In this paper we investigate the role played by people who served as PC (Program Committee) members in the network formed by members of the Brazilian computer science community and their co-authors. Some characteristics of such network are compared with those reported in similar studies involving other scientific collaboration networks. As a result, we show that apart from the evidence of Milgram’s phenomenon (six degrees of separation), there is no other community with completely similar patterns (among those used for comparison). This is probably due to the unique characteristics of the target network. For instance, their members do not necessarily interact with each other in terms of co-authorship since they belong to different sub-areas of computer science. There are strong evidences that the clusters in this network are connected by non-Brazilian members. Moreover, nodes with high degrees have little connection to Brazilian authors.
Tensor Structure on Smooth Motives
Authors: Banerjee Anandam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecently, Bondarko constructed a DG category of motives, whose homotopy category is equivalent to Voevodsky's category of effective geometric motives, assuming resolution of singularities. Soon after, Levine extended this idea to construct a DG category whose homotopy category is equivalent to the full subcategory of motives over a base-scheme S generated by the motives of smooth projective S-schemes, assuming that S is itself smooth over a perfect field. In both constructions, the tensor structure requires ℚ-coefficients. In this article, it is shown how to provide a tensor structure on the homotopy category mentioned above, when S is semi-local and essentially smooth over a field of characteristic zero. This is done by defining a pseudo-tensor structure on the DG category of motives constructed by Levine, which induces a tensor structure on its homotopy category.
Rationally trivial torsors in -homotopy theory
Authors: Wendt Matthias 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we show that rationally trivial torsors under split smooth linear algebraic groups induce fibre sequences in-homotopy theory. The results allow geometric proofs of stabilization results for unstable Karoubi-Villamayor K-theories and a description of the second-homotopy group of the projective line.
Strawberry anthocyanin and its association with postprandial inflammation and insulin
Authors: Edirisinghe Indika , Banaszewski Katarzyna , Cappozzo Jack , Sandhya Krishnankutty , Ellis Collin L. , Tadapaneni Ravi , Kappagoda Chulani T. , Burton-Freeman Britt M. 
Published: May 2011

The present study investigates the effect of strawberry antioxidants in beverage form on meal-induced postprandial inflammatory and insulin responses in human subjects. Overweight adults (n24) consumed a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat meal (HCFM) accompanied by either a strawberry or a placebo beverage in a cross-over design. Postprandial changes in plasma anthocyanins, their metabolites, insulin, glucose and inflammatory markers were assessed for 6 h. The postprandial concentrations of pelargonidin sulfate and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside were significantly increased when the strawberry beverage was consumed concurrently with the HCFM compared with the placebo beverage (P < 0·001). The strawberry beverage significantly attenuated the postprandial inflammatory response as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and IL-6 (P < 0·05) induced by the HCFM. It was also associated with a reduction in postprandial insulin response (P < 0·05). Collectively, these data provide evidence for favourable effects of strawberry antioxidants on postprandial inflammation and insulin sensitivity.
The Time-Varying Systematic Risk of Carry Trade Strategies
Authors: Christiansen Charlotte , Ranaldo Angelo , Söderlind Paul 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe explain the currency carry trade (CT) performance using an asset pricing model in which factor loadings are regime dependent rather than constant. Empirical results show that a typical CT strategy has much higher exposure to the stock market and is mean reverting in regimes of high foreign exchange volatility. The findings are robust to various extensions. Our regime-dependent pricing model provides significantly smaller pricing errors than a traditional model. Thus, the CT performance is better explained by a time-varying systematic risk that increases in volatile markets, suggesting a partial resolution of the uncovered interest parity puzzle.
Daily cortisol, stress reactivity and psychotic experiences in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychosis
Authors: Collip D. , Nicolson N. A. , Lardinois M. , Lataster T. , van Os J. , Myin-Germeys I. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis abnormalities have been found in patients with a psychotic disorder and first-degree relatives of patients with a psychotic disorder react with subtle increases in non-clinical psychotic experiences and negative emotions in the face of everyday stress. The current study investigated whether HPA axis functioning is altered in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, examining diurnal cortisol profiles, cortisol reactivity to daily stressors and the association between HPA axis activity and subclinical psychotic experiences.MethodParticipants included siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder (n=60) and a healthy comparison group (n=63). The Experience Sampling Method (a structured diary technique) was employed to assess stress, psychotic experiences, negative affect and salivary cortisol repeatedly in the flow of daily life.ResultsMulti-level analyses revealed higher diurnal cortisol levels and heightened cortisol reactivity to negative daily events in siblings compared with controls. Diurnal cortisol slope did not differ between the two groups, but momentary increases in psychotic experiences and negative affect were associated with increased cortisol in the sibling group.ConclusionsFindings support altered HPA axis activity in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, as evidenced by higher diurnal cortisol levels and increased cortisol reactivity to daily stress. Results also suggest a dynamic association between cortisol secretion and the intensity of psychotic-like experiences and negative emotions in daily life, although the direction of this association remains to be elucidated.