bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serogroups ofCampylobacter jejunifrom Man and Animals
Authors: Varga J. , Mézes Beáta , Fodor L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 186 campylobacter strains from aborted calf and sheep fetuses, from scouring dogs, rabbits and man, and from retailed poultry were isolated and examined biochemically and serologically for heat stable antigens. Immune sera were produced in rabbits against Penner reference strains from 1 to 60, and against two field isolates.Out of 186 biochemically tested strains 179 (96.2 %) provedC. jejuniand only 6 (3.2 %)C. coli. One strain has been identified asC. laridis. In cattle and sheep 3.2 and 21.7% respectively of all campylobacter abortions were due toC. jejuniinfection. The same agent caused 12.7 % of diarrhoea of dogs. The campylobacter infection rate of freshly slaughtered and dressed chicken varied between 25 and 64.3%.Out of the serologically examined 140C. jejunistrains 118 (84.3%) could be assigned to 16 Penner serogroups and 13 (9.3%) to 2 further serogroups. Serogroups 8 (31.4%), 1 (19.3%) and 2 (12.1 %) occurred most frequently. The human isolates represented the widest serotype distribution, as 32 tested strains belonged to 12 serogroups. All those serogroups which caused abortion or diarrhoea in animals or were isolated from poultry carcases were isolated also from man with diarrhoea, but some serogroups were found only in man.
Untersuchungen zum Säure‐Basen‐Haushalt und Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel bei der Infektion mitEperythrozoon suis
Authors: Heinritzi K. , Plank G. , Peteranderl W. , Sandner N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on acid‐base balance and carbohydrate metabolism inEperythrozoon suisinfected pigFollowing on from clinical observations which point to severe metabolic disturbances in association with acuteEperythrozoon (E.) suisinfection, the parameters of acid‐base balance (pO2, PCO2, pH, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, base excess) as well as the glucose‐, lactate‐ and pyruvate levels, were measured in venous blood during the course of eperythrozoonotic infection. Glucose consumption was investigated inin vitroexperiments with differing numbers of pathogens.AcuteE. suisinfection is accompanied by a severe acidosis and hypoglycaemia.In vitroexperiments showed that a rapid breakdown of glucose follows inE. suisinfected blood. No significant reduction in glucose concentration was established in control blood in a comparable time period. The results give rise to the assumption thatE. suisis capable of independent glucose breakdown. Both the increase in lactate concentration (metabolic component) and a disturbance of pulmonary gaseous exchange (respiratory component) are regarded as the cause of the acidosis.Ausgehend von klinischen Beobachtungen, die auf massive metabolische Störungen im Zusammenhang mit der akutenEperythrozoon (E.) suis‐Infektion hinweisen, wurden in venösem Blut die Parameter des Säure‐Basen‐Haushaltes (pO2, pCO2, pH, aktuelles Bikarbonat, Standard‐Bikarbonat, Basenabweichung) sowie der Glucose‐, Lactat‐ und Pyruvatgehalt im Verlauf des eperythrozoonotischen Anfalls bestimmt. Beiin vitro‐Untersuchungen wurde der Glucoseverbrauch bei unterschiedlicher Erregerzahl geprüft.Die akuteE. suis‐Infektion geht mit einer schweren Blutazidose und einer Hypoglykämie einher. Diein vitro‐Untersuchungen zeigen, daß inE. suis‐behaftetem Blut ein rascher Glucoseabbau erfolgt. In entsprechend behandeltem Kontrollblut war im Vergleichszeitraum keine nennenswerte Reduzierung der Glucosekonzentration feststellbar. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daßE. suiszu einem eigenständigen Glucoseabbau in der Lage ist. Als Ursachen der Azidose werden sowohl der Anstieg der Lactatkonzentration (metabolische Komponente) als auch eine Störung des pulmonalen Gasaustausches (respiratorische Komponente) angesehen.
Untersuchung von Rindern mit respiratorischen Erkrankungen auf Mykoplasmen und bakterielle Bronchopneumonieerreger
Authors: Binder A. , Amtsberg G. , Dose S. , Fischer W. , Scholz H. , Kirchhoff H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIsolation of mycoplasmas and bacteria from cattle with respiratory diseasesA total of 247 mycoplasma strains was isolated from 435 lungs, tracheobronchial secretions and nasal swabs originating from cattle with symptoms of bronchopneumonia. Mycoplasma (M.) bovis was found 89 times (36 %) and was the most common mycoplasma species in the lungs. M. bovirhinis, M. bovigenitalium, M. spec. and Acholeplasma (A.) laidlawii were isolated 158 times (64 %). Among these mycoplasmas M. bovirhinis was the most widespread species (114 isolations). In 55 cases (62 %) M. bovis was associated with Pasteurella or Actinomyces (A.) pyogenes. The other mycoplasma species were found in 67 cases (42 %) together with these bacteria. Without mycoplasmas Pasteurella and A. pyogenes occurred in 33 of the probes investigated (21 %). Beside mycoplasmas Haemophilus (H.) somnus was isolated from 16 of 162 tracheobronchial secretions investigated. The results confirm earlier suppositions that in most of the cases bronchopneumonia of cattle is a multifactorial event, frequently associated with mycoplasmas — especially M. bovis.ZusammenfassungAus 435 Lungenproben, Tracheobronchialsekreten und Nasentupfern von Rindern mit den Symptomen einer Bronchopneumonie konnten insgesamt 247 Mykoplasmenstämme angezüchtet werden. Mycoplasma (M.) bovis wurde 89mal (36 %) isoliert und war in den Lungenproben die am häufigsten nachgewiesene Mykoplasmenart. M. bovirhinis, M. bovigenitalium, M. spec. und Acholeplasma (A.) laidlawii wurden 158mal (64 %) gefunden. Unter diesen Mykoplasmen war M. bovirhinismit 114 Isolierungen am stärksten vertreten. Bei 62 % der M. bovis‐positiven Rinder wurden auch Pasteurellen oder Actinomyces (A.) pyogenes nachgewiesen. Die anderen Mykoplasmenarten kamen zu 42 % zusammen mit diesen Bakterien vor. Nur 33 Proben (21 %), von denen Pasteurellen oder A. pyogenes isoliert wurden, waren mykoplasmenfrei. Aus 16 von 162 diesbezüglich untersuchten Tracheobronchialsekreten wurde neben Mykoplasmen Haemophilus (H.) somnus angezüchtet. Die Untersuchungen bestätigen frühere Vermutungen, daß die meisten Bronchopneumonien der Rinder multifaktorielle Erkrankungen darstellen, an denen häufig auch Mykoplasmen — insbesondere M. bovis — beteiligt sind.
Comparative Evaluation of the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test and Two Commercial ELISA Kits for the Serodiagnosis of Equine Infectious Anemia1
Authors: Bürki F. , Rossmanith Eva 
Published: May 2010

SummarySelected sets of serum samples of horses were tested blindly in a comparative investigation for antibodies against Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) virus. Three commercial kits were used, a wellestablished agar‐gel immuno‐diffusion kit which our laboratory has been using routinely for 14 years on one hand, a competitive ELISA kit (CELISA) and a non‐competitive ELISA kit on the other hand. The American EIA Reference Laboratory in Ames cotested 56 serum samples with the same 3 products, with highest‐level correlation, thereby ascertaining full dependability of our own results. Five EIA experts supplied us critically weak or doubtfully reacting serum samples of experimentally infected horses together with their own test results, by necessity limited to the then available AGID in most instances. A high degree of correlation was found between our and their AGID results. In our own laboratory good correlation was found between the AGID test and one lot of the CELISA product. Time of seroconversion was coincident in some experimentally infected horses, partly AGID, partly CELISA proved more sensitive. Another lot of the CELISA product deteriorated completely long before the warranted validity, an unpleasant finding experienced by many other laboratories alike. The non‐competitive ELISA product showed unacceptable inter‐lot differences, oscillation between positive and negative results on consecutive samples of one and the same horse, never reacted with the weak positive International Reference Serum, and one lot deteriorated well beyond its expiration date. We discuss our results with the background: high sensitivity versus false‐positive horses and advocate to maintain at their present sensitivity levels the AGID and the CELISA tests and not to push them further, as would be technically possible.
Long‐term Cryopreservation, Infectivity and Characterisation of Oesophagostomum dentatum
Authors: Berghen P. , Dorny P. , Vercruysse J. , Hilderson H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe successful cryopreservation for 6 years of infective larvae of a pure strain of Oesophagostomum dentatum is described. Changes in the characteristics of the isolate in comparison with the original strain could not be demonstrated.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die paraspezifische Immunstimulierung (Paramunisierung) durch Bakterienlysate in bakteriellen Infektionsmodellen und im Cytotoxizitätstest
Authors: Wieler L. , Baljer G. , Büttner M. , Adler J. , Mayr A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperimental Studies Comparing the Immunostimulating (Paramunizing) Effect of Bacterial Lysates in Bacterial Infection Models With the Chromium 51 Test Demonstrating Spontaneous (Natural) CytotoxicityBacterial lysates of different bacterial strains (E. coli, B. bronchiseptica, P. haemolytica) were prepared by heating, acid‐ and alcaline‐hydrolysis. Lysates were tested for their immunostimulating effect in bacterial infection models and with chromium 51 test demonstrating spontaneous (natural) cytotoxicity.Lysate production was standardized by protein‐ and Lps‐determination. The alcaline‐hydrolysis reduced toxicity of Lps and increased the content of soluble bacterial protein. Heating and acid‐hydrolysis did not alter bacterial suspensions with respect to Lps‐toxicity and protein‐content.Mice infected with P. aeruginosa, P. multocida, E. coli and L. monozytogenes (5–10 LD50) had a significantly longer survival time after prophylactic immunostimulation with bacterial lysates than control animals. No protection was observed in immunostimulated mice infected with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.In the Pseudomonas infection model, bacterial lysates prepared by alcaline‐hydrolysis had a 10 times higher immunostimulating effect than lysates prepared by acid‐hydrolysis or heating.Bacterial lysates stimulated spontaneous cytotoxicity of natural mouse peritoneal killer cells after intraperitoneal application. Whole bacterial lysates had a higher NK‐activity as their corresponding purified lipopolysaccharide portion.ZusammenfassungMit Hitze, Säure oder Lauge inaktivierte Keimsuspensionen verschiedener Bakterien (E. coli, B. bronchiseptica, P. haemolytica) wurden in bakteriellen Infektionsmodellen und im Cytotoxizitätstest auf ihre immunmodulierenden Wirkungen bei der Maus getestet. Die Standardisierung der verschiedenen Präparate erfolgte mittels Protein‐ und LPS‐Bestimmung.Die alkalische Hydrolyse reduzierte im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Ausgangssuspension die Toxizität des Lipopolysaccharids und führte zur Freisetzung von bakteriellem Protein. Erhitzung oder saure Hydrolyse hatten keine meßbaren Veränderungen im Protein‐ oder LPS‐Gehalt der Keimsuspensionen zur Folge.Die bakteriellen Präparate erhöhten nach prophylaktischer intraperitonealer Applikation (24 h ante infect.) die Überlebensrate der Mäuse gegen Belastungsinfektionen mit P. aeruginosa‐, P. multocida‐, E. coli‐ und L. monozytogenes‐Keimen. Unwirksam blieben die Präparate im Rotlaufmodell.Das durch alkalische Hydrolyse hergestellte Präparat erzielte 10fach mehr Wirkungseinheiten (5000 WE) im Pseudomonas‐Modell als das saure Hydrolysat oder das Hitzelysat. Im Cytotoxizitätstest waren keine Wirksamkeitsunterschiede festzustellen. Grundsätzlich hatte das „Gesamtpräparat” eine stärkere Wirkung als der phenolextrahierte Lipopolysaccharidanteil.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Schleimhautexstirpaten von Kaninchen nachin vitro‐Kontakt mitPasteurella multocida subsp. multocida‐Stämmen
Authors: Bötcher L. , Grund S. , Hellmann E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryElectron microscopic investigations of mucosal exstirpates afterin vitrocontact withPasteurella multocida subsp. multocidastrainsIn vitroexperiments of adhesion and colonisation of mucosal surface fragments (nose, trachea) from freshly killed rabbits with four strains ofPasteurella multocida subsp. multocidawith different types of capsule antigen (A, D, without capsule) showed the following results: Above all the capsule serovar A strain, producing a capsule of hyaluronic acid and fimbria, were able to adhere and to form microcolonies on the mucosal surface. Microvilli of epithelial cells and mucus producing cells were recognized as the place of adhesion. The formation of microcolonies occurred with a destruction of the kinocilia, which was caused by a bacteriafree culture filtrate as well.ZusammenfassungInvitro‐Adhärenz‐ und Kolonisationsversuche mit 4Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida‐Stämmen verschiedener Kapseltypen (A, D, kapsellos) an Schleimhautexstirpaten (Nase, Trachea) frisch getöteter Kaninchen führten zu folgenden Resultaten: Vor allem der eine Hyaluronsäure‐Kapsel ausbildende Stamm des Kapseltyps A, bei dem Fimbrien nachzuweisen sind, ließ eine eindeutige Fähigkeit zur Anheftung und zur Ausbildung von Mikrokolonien erkennen. Als Ort der Anheftung waren Mikrovilli und schleimproduzierende Zellen zu erkennen. Die Mikrokoloniebildung ging mit einer Zerstörung der Kinocilien einher, die auch durch bakterienfreies Kulturfiltrat hervorgerufen wurde.
Aujeszky's Disease in a Horse
Authors: van den Ingh T. S. G. A. M. , Binkhorst G. J. , Kimman T. G. , Vreeswijk J. , Pol J. M. A. , van Oirschot J. T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA horse with neurological signs and severe meningoencephalitis caused by Aujeszky's disease is described. The diagnosis was established by immunohistochemistry, DNA‐in situ hybridization and serological tests. Aujeszky's disease virus antigen and Aujeszky's disease viral DNA were detected in neurons of the cerebrum. In the serum of the horse antibodies against Aujeszky's disease virus were detected in a virus neutralization test, in a blocking ELISA which specifically detects antibodies against the glycoprotein I (gI) of the virus, in an indirect double sandwich ELISA and with colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy which detects antibodies directed against the envelope and nucleocapsid of the virus.Intranasal infection of two ponies with a high dose of Aujeszky's disease virus caused very mild and transient signs. Although the experimental infection induced virus neutralizing antibodies, it failed to induce gI specific antibodies.
Untersuchungen über die Genese des permanenten Wachstums der Schnabelwarzen bei einer Warzentaubenart
Authors: Fritzsche K. , Müller H. , Weiss E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVariation in size of warts located on the beak of wattle‐pigeons represents a dominant trait of this breed. Excessive growth to extraordinary size in two breeds (barbs and carriers), in addition to a large beak, can cause losses due to the inability of the parents to feed the offspring properly. In older birds, respiration is impeded and the field of vision is limited. This permanent growth in barbs and carriers could not be attributed neither to an infection with papovaviruses, nor to the overexpression of the retroviral c‐src‐protooncogen. This finding, in conjunction with the genetic analysis, underlines that this prominent trait is genetically determined.ZusammenfassungUnterschiedlich stark ausgebildete Schnabelwarzen stellen ein dominantes Rassemerkmal von Warzentauben dar. Starke Warzenbildung bei zwei Rassen kann, zusammen mit der enormen Schnabelsubstanz, zu Aufzuchtverlusten durch das Unvermögen der Elterntiere zu ausreichender Anfütterung der Jungtiere führen. Bei älteren Tieren behindert sie die Atmung und schränkt das Gesichtsfeld ein. Als Ursache des permanenten Wachstums der Schnabelwarzen bei Indianertauben konnte weder eine Infektion mit Papovaviren nachgewiesen werden, noch ist mit diesen Proliferationen eine verstärkte Expression des retroviralen c‐src‐Protoonkogens verbunden. Dies unterstreicht, zusammen mit dem Erbgang, daß dieses Rassemerkmal genetisch determiniert ist.
Trials with an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Diagnosis of Subclinical Genital Infections in Rams Caused byHistophilus ovisandActinobacillus seminis
Authors: Tekes L. , Hajtós I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe performance of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated in the serological diagnosis of subclinical genital infection in 6 naturally infected ram flocks and 2 experimentally infected ram hoggets. The test employs lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen prepared by autoclaving fromActinobacillus seminisandHistophilus ovis. A total of 193 sheep (118 unmated virgin rams and 75 mature breeding rams) were examined clinically, serologically (by ELISA) and bacteriologically (semen bacteriology) at the same time. Serum samples from all animals were also tested by an ELISA employing LPS antigen prepared fromBrucella ovisin the same way.Shedding ofA. seminisandH. ovisdid not show close correlation with serological positivity (Table 1), as only 9 (15.0%) out of the 60A. seminisshedders were ELISA seropositive at the same time. As regardsH. ovisonly 10 (19.2 %) out of the 52H. ovisshedders were ELISA seropositive at the same time.The results indicate that, when used alone, the ELISA employing LPS antigen is unsuitable for diagnosing subclinical genital infection caused byH. ovisandA. seminisin rams.The authors discussed shortly the employing fields of this ELISA test in the diagnostic work.
Complement‐Dependence of Polymorphonuclear Yeast Cell Phagocytosis: A comparison between Man and Various Domestic Animals*
Authors: Reifenberg K. , Stahl M. , Lösch U. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe complement‐dependence of polymorphonuclear yeast cell phagocytosis of sheep, goat, cattle, horse, dog, pig and man is determined by comparing the opsonizing abilities of untreated sera with complement‐inactivated autologous sera at a serum concentration of 2.5 % and at different phagocytosis periods. The performed phagocytosis assays only detects incorporated particles and allows for the differentiation of granulocytes with different quantities of phagocytosed particles.In sheep, horse and man the addition of heat‐inactivated serum reduces the phagocytosis index to less than −80% of the value obtained at untreated serum addition at a phagocytosis period of 60 min. The other species show a smaller reduction ranging from −66.9% (dog) to −41.4% (cattle).The evaluation of the distribution pattern of granulocytes incorporating a certain number of yeasts offers significant differences in the investigated species.ZusammenfassungKomplementabhängigkeit der Hefezell‐Phagozytose polymorphnukleärer Leukozyten: Vergleichende Untersuchungen am Menschen und an verschiedenen HaustierenDie Komplementabhängigkeit der Hefezell‐Phagozytose durch polymorphnukleäre Leukozyten von Schaf, Ziege, Rind, Pferd, Hund, Schwein und vom Menschen wird durch den Vergleich der opsonisierenden Fähigkeiten unbehandelten Serums mit Komplement‐inaktiviertem autologen Serum bestimmt ‐ bei einer Serumkonzentration von 2,5 % und unterschiedlich langen Inkubationszeiten. Der vorgestellte Phagozytose‐Test erfaßt nur inkorporierte Partikel und läßt die sichere Differenzierung von Granulozyten mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl phagozytierter Partikel zu.Beim Schaf, Pferd und beim Menschen verringert der Zusatz hitzeinaktivierten Serums den Phagozytose‐Index auf weniger als −80% des Kontrollwertes mit unbehandeltem Serum (Inkubationszeit: 60 Minuten). Die anderen Spezies zeigen eine weniger starke Herabsetzung von −66,9 % (Hund) bis −41,4% (Rind).Die Bewertung des Verteilungsmusters von Granulozyten, die eine bestimmte Anzahl von Hefepartikeln inkorporieren, zeigt signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Arten auf.
The Role of Intestinal Volatile Fatty Acids in the Salmonella Shedding of Pigs
Authors: Prohászka L. , Jayarao B. M. , Fábián Á. , Kovács S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFactors affecting colonization of the intestinal tract by salmonellas were studied in two pig herds. In herd H 18 % of the faecal samples taken from live pigs and 30 % of the colon content samples collected at slaughter contained salmonellas. In contrast, the 50 faecal samples taken from pigs of herd L were negative and only 2 % of the colon contents collected at the slaughterhouse yielded salmonellas.An antibacterial effect inhibiting salmonella multiplication was demonstrable in vitro in colon contents from pigs of herd L. No such effect was found to exist in samples taken from pigs of herd H.The antibacterial effect is due to the non‐dissociated volatile fatty acid (VFA) molecules present in the colon content. As the degree of VFA dissociation depends on the pH of the environment, at lower pH values (pH 6.1 ± 0.2) of the colon contents from herd L the ratio of non‐dissociated VFA molecules is higher and the resulting antibacterial effect is stronger than in samples from herd H (pH 7.1 ± 0.3).
Serum Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Cattle Naturally Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus
Authors: Gatei M. H. , Lavin M. F. , Daniel R. C. W. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn order to elucidate whether natural infection of BLV in cattle might induce humoral immunological responses, changes in IgG1, IgG2and IgM concentrations in the sera of infected cattle were determined. Twelve BLV‐infected cattle were used. Cattle of different breeds were classified serologically and haematologically into BLV+PL+, BLV+PL−and BLV‐free groups. Ig concentrations in the sera of the three groups were quantitated using a commercial single radial immunodiffusion assay. The findings were compared to those of BLV‐free cattle. The serum IgM concentrations were significantly lower in cattle with PL (P< 0.001) than in BLV+PL−and BLV‐free cattle. The IgM concentrations tended to be lower in BLV+PL−than those of BLV‐free cattle. There were no significant differences in IgG1and IgG2serum concentrations between the three experimental cattle groups. IgG1was the predominant subtype in the sera of all cattle groups.
Serological Reactions of Leptospirosis‐Positive (MAR and CFT) Bovine Sera in ELISA
Authors: Staak C. , Mekaprateep M. , Kämpe U. , Schönberg A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe collection of test sera for measuring ELISA results was composed of bovine sera with MAT titres of ≥ 1 : 200 in the leptospirosis MAT and of ≥ 1 : 5 in the CFT together with sera from a serologically negative and clinically non‐suspicious cattle herd. To establish cut‐off ODs, the geometric mean net‐extinction of the negative serum collection plus 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations were calculated. By comparison of 3 different conjugates from rabbits, it was demonstrated that results from anti‐total bovine Ig were supeŕior to anti‐IgG and anti‐IgM conjugates. Considerations regarding sensitivity and specificity led to the recommendation to use a test serum dilution of 1 : 160, to apply anti‐total bovine Ig conjugates, and to establish the cut‐off OD at the geometric mean netextinction of negative sera plus 3 standard deviations. Under such conditions, agreement between leptospirosis MAT/CFT positivity on the one side and ELISA positivity on the other was reached in 74%.This recommendation is made for cross‐sectional studies but not for examinations of clinically suspicious cattle herds.
Comparison of Six Different Regimens for the Control of Atrophic Rhinitis in Swine
Authors: Pejsak Z. , Hogg A. , Wasińska B. , Foreman K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEffectiveness of six different programs of atrophic rhinitis (AR) control was evaluated under field conditions. Efficacy of treatments was recognized on the basis of — comparative evaluation of the average daily gain (ADG), morphometric examination of turbinate bones and computer conchal morphometry (TPR). Usefulness of the evaluated regimes differed significantly. TPR appeared to be the most objective method for AR evaluation. Correlation between severity of turbinate atrophy and ADG was only partial.