bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations on the development of Mycocecis ovalis Edwards (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the fungus Hypoxylon rubiginosum (Pers. ex Fr.)
Authors: Evans R. E. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe life cycle and seasonal biology of Mycocecis ovalis is described from field and laboratory observations, and an account is given of the way in which midge larvae construct canopies on the host fungus, Hypoxylon rubiginosum.
Mallophaga from birds of the Indian subregion. Part VI Falcolipeurus Bedford*
Authors: Tandan B. K. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisAn account is given of the eight species of Folcolipeurus parasitic on Falconiformes in the Indian subregion. An artificial key to males and females of the species and a host‐parasite list are included. The male and female of F. longiphallus are re‐described.
Notes on some British species of Pemphigus Hartig (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) forming galls on Poplar, with the description of a new species
Authors: Stroyan H. L. G. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisDescriptive and biological notes are given on five British species of the subgenus Pemphigus from galls on poplars, with special reference to the alate migrantes. One, a new species which migrates from midrib pocket galls to the roots of Aethusa cynapium, is described.
A note on some British Coccoidea, with new additions to the British Fauna
Authors: Boratyński K. L. , Williams D. J. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisChanges in the British lists of Diaspididae, Coccidae, Eriococcidae and Pseudo‐coccidae are discussed and reasons given for the synonymy now proposed. The female of Parthenolecanium rufulum is redescribed and figured.
A new species of Thuleaphis H.R.L. (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) from Wales, Scotland and Iceland
Authors: Jacob F. H. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisA new species of Thuleaphis is recorded from Sedum rosea in Wales, Scotland and Iceland. All morphs of the species are described, and biometric data given for 79 specimens. Notes on the biology and distribution are included.
Two new species of Thaumastocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Australia
Authors: Rose H. A. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Thaumastocoris is described from a male specimen taken in Queensland. A new species of Baclozygum is described from males and females also takein Queensland A key to the species of Baclozygum is included. Host records of some Australian Thaumastocorinae are given.
An extraordinary Australian Cecidomyiid, possibly related to the Nymphomyiidae (Diptera, Nematocera)
Authors: Colless Donald H. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA new genus and species of Cecidomyiidae are described from two females taken in Western Australia. The relationship of the new genus to the Nymphomyiidae and other families of Nematocera is discussed.
The putative fossil genus Palexorista Townsend and its identity with Prosturmia Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: Crosskey R. W. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe genus Palexorista is shown to be a recent form, and the name Prosfurmia is placed in synonymy. A diagnosis of the genus is given, and its affinities are discussed. A list of described forms assignable to Palexorista is included.
The brachypterous genera and species of Eucoilidae (Hymenoptera), with descriptions and figures of some type species
Authors: Quinlan J. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisKeys are given to the brachypterous genera of Eucoilidae and the brachypterous species of Kleidotoma. Redescriptions are given of seven species of Kleidotoma. one species of Glauraspidia and one species of Aphyoptera.
A revision and redescription of the genus Glyptoapteva Kormilev (Hemiptera: Aradidae)
Authors: Monteith G. B. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe Australian genus Glyptoaptera Kormilev and its type‐species G. woodwardi are redescribed, and a key is given to all species and subspecies now included in the genus. Four of the species are described as new, and three allopatric populations of one of these species are given subspecific rank.
Notes on some species of Cavariella Del Guercio, 1911 (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)
Authors: Stroyan H. L. G. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe validity of Cavariella angelicae is confirmed, and the taxonomic status of C. hendersoni and C. konoi is discussed. The fundatrix of C. hillerislambersi, and the alate and apterous viviparous females, alate male and oviparous female of C. salicis are described. A key to the species of Cavariella so far described and known to be residentin the United States and Canada is included.
On the taxonomy of Dipriodonta sericea Warren (Lepidoptera: Drepanidae)
Authors: WILKINSON CHRISTOPHER 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISDetails are given of a computer‐aided assessment of the taxonomic position of the species Dipriodonta sericea Warren. A complete taxonomic account of sericea is given for the first time, and its affinities with related species are discussed.
Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) activity in urine of patients with glomerulonephritis is related to their renal functional and structural changes
Authors: DOMINGUEZ GCS , COSTA RS , DANTAS M , KIMACHI T , PIUCI CR , COIMBRA TM 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY: Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) has been considered the principal cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. In the present study, we evaluated TGF‐β activity in occasional samples from 22 normal individuals and 29 patients (11 with focal glomerulosclerosis, 11 with membranous nephropathy, five with Berger disease, one with type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and one with postinfectious glomerulonephritis) using a CCL‐64 mink lung cell growth inhibition assay.A significantly increased urinary TGF‐β activity (reported in relation to urine creatinine, Ucreat, and median) was observed in patients with glomerulonephritis compared with normal individuals (P<0.01). the patients with Berger disease [median (Md) = 9.96/10 μg Ucreat.], membranous glomerulonephritis (Md = 7.23/10 μg Ucreat.) and focal glomerulosclerosis (Md = 16.6/10 μg Ucreat.) showed higher urinary TGF‐β than normal individuals (Md = 1.09/10 μg Ucreat.) (P<0.01). We found a positive correlation between the TGF‐β activity in the urine of these patients and the incidence of segmental glomerulosclerosis (r= 0.45, P<0.05) and their plasma creatinine levels (r= 0.87, P<0.01). A negative correlation was observed between the TGF‐β activity in the urine of these patients and their creatinine clearance (r=−0.75, P<0.01).Our data suggest that measurement of urinary TGF‐β activity could be a useful non‐invasive procedure for the evaluation of renal TGF‐β production, permitting the assessment of prognosis and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in patients with renal disease.
Reduction of proteinuria by rosiglitazone in non‐diabetic renal disease
Authors: KINCAID‐SMITH PRISCILLA , FAIRLEY KENNETH F , FARISH STEPHEN , BEST JAMES D , PROIETTO JOSEPH 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY:Aim:  To investigate the effect of a thiazolidinedione on proteinuria in patients with non‐diabetic renal disease.Methods:  In an open‐label randomized cross‐over study, 40 adults with chronic non‐diabetic renal disease completed the study. In a random fashion, one group was treated for 4 months with 4 mg of rosiglitazone first followed by a 4‐month period of standard treatment. The opposite order was used for the second group.Results:  Baseline urinary protein excretion rate was 1.45 g/24 h. On rosiglitazone, there was a drop of urinary protein level of 0.24 g/24 h (P = 0.045). In contrast, there was a trend for proteinuria to increase during the control period (0.12 g/24 h, P = 0.18). The urine protein level on rosiglitazone was lower than on usual treatment (0.36 g/24 h, P = 0.002, 95% CI 0.15–0.58). There was a similar beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure which was reduced by rosiglitazone by 7.8 mmHg (P = 0.006, 95% CI 2.6–13.1). Although average fasting glucose was only 5.8 mmol/L, there was a significant Spearman correlation between fasting glucose and a reduction in urinary protein levels (r = 0.34, P = 0.045).Conclusion:  It is concluded that thiazolidinediones may have a role in the management of non‐diabetic proteinuria of various aetiologies. In this study the average body mass index was 28.9 kg/m2. It will be important to repeat these studies in non‐overweight subjects with non‐diabetic proteinuria and in addition to trial maximal therapeutic doses of the thiazolidenedione.
‘Taking charge of your health’: discourses of responsibility in English‐Canadian women's magazines
Authors: Roy Stephannie C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article presents an examination of the ways in which responsibility for health is constructed in popular English‐Canadian women's magazines. Women's magazines are a unique media form, acting as guidebooks for women on matters relating to feminine gender roles and are important to examine as part of the corpus of societal discourses which frame our understandings of what it means to be healthy and how good health is achieved. Using discourse analysis several techniques were found which reinforce women's individual responsibility to create and maintain good health for themselves and their families. The magazines instruct women/readers directly about their health‐related responsibilities and outline the negative consequences of inaction or incorrect action. The magazines also use the traditional discursive technique of women's personal accounts as both cautionary tales and inspirational stories to encourage readers to actively pursue healthy behaviours. Reflecting and reinforcing the discourse of healthism, women's magazines consistently present health as an important individual responsibility and a moral imperative which creates an entrepreneurial subject position for women. The article concludes by discussing the implications for women's magazine audiences within the ongoing feminist debate about this cultural industry.
‘HIV/AIDS is our business’: the moral economy of treatment in a transnational mining company
Authors: Rajak Dinah 
Published: August 2010

This article is concerned with the moral economy of HIV treatment in a transnational mining company. Based on multi‐sited ethnography in the world's third biggest mining company, I explore how relations between employer and employee are being transformed as a result of corporate HIV programmes, creating connections between the personal realm of sexual conduct and family life and the political economy of global corporate capitalism. I argue that corporate social responsibility serves as a mechanism through which the company consolidates its authority over a particular field of society, in this case its workforce, conflating the exigencies of human care with the interests of capital.RésuméLe présent article concerne l'économie morale du traitement du VIH au sein d'une société minière internationale. Sur la base d'une ethnographie multi‐site de la troisième société minière mondiale, l'auteur explore la manière dont les relations entre employeur et employé se transforment sous l'effet des programmes de lutte contre le VIH mis en place par l'entreprise. Ils créent des liens entre le domaine personnel du comportement sexuel et de la vie familiale et l'économie politique du capitalisme mondialisé. L'auteur avance que la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise est instrumentalisée par celle‐ci pour renforcer son autorité sur un secteur particulier de la société, en l'occurrence sa main‐d'œuvre, télescopant ainsi les exigences humanitaires du soin et les intérêts du capitalisme d'entreprise.
THE NEW CAREERS PROJECT AT VACAVILLE: A CALIFORNIAN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Hodgkin Nancy 
Published: August 2010

The New Careers programme at Vacaville differed from other official training or treatment programmes in several important ways:1. The goals of the programme were clearly differentiated from those of the Administration.2. It had “enclave” status, with clearly defined areas of autonomy and clearly defined areas of subjection to the outer authority.3. The programme goals were seen as “betterment” goals by the participants.The experiment indicated the following:1. That a “betterment” programme could take place in a closed prison.2. The existence of a reservoir of untapped potential in the prison population.3. That this potential could be brought out in as short a period as four months.4. That commitment to a socially acceptable cause can be achieved in this period and that this commitment is not ephemeral but can be long‐lasting, gaining strength as links with the community are made.5. That it can be transmitted – initial expenditure on staff can be cut and training carried on with minimal professional supervision.It also showed that learning ability has little relation to prior achievement and that suitability for this type of training can be predicted.
EX‐OFFENDERS AND ENTERPRISE
Authors: RIEPLE ALISON , HARPER MALCOLM 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Offenders are by their nature potentially greater risk‐takers than the general population, as are entrepreneurs. For this and reasons such as difficulty in finding employment, many offenders are likely to work in their own businesses. The provision of training in running a small business or self‐employment can improve the chances of success. Offenders, as a group of people with special needs, may benefit from the provision of this type of training.This paper describes the initial results of a study which examined the potential of offenders for running small business and the current provision of small business training in prisons and probation services in the UK.
Post‐return experiences and transnational belonging of return migrants: a Dutch—Moroccan case study
Authors: DE BREE JUNE , DAVIDS TINE , DE HAAS HEIN 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article we explore the links between return migration, belonging and transnationalism among migrants who returned from the Netherlands to northeast Morocco. While transnationalism is commonly discussed from the perspective of a receiving country, this study shows that transnationalism also plays a vital role in reconstructing post‐return belonging. Return migration is not simply a matter of ‘going home’, as feelings of belonging need to be renegotiated upon return. While returnees generally feel a strong need to maintain various transnational practices, the meanings they attach to these practices depend on motivations for return, gender and age. For former (male) labour migrants, transnational practices are essential for establishing post‐return belonging, whereas such practices are less important for their spouses. Those who returned as children generally feel uprooted, notwithstanding the transnational practices they maintain. The amount of agency migrants are able to exert in the return decision‐making process is a key factor in determining the extent to which returnees can create a post‐return transnational sense of home.
Visual short‐term memory for unfamiliar visual stimuli
Authors: Sapkota R. , Pardhan S. , Tavassoli A. , Van Der Linde I. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:  Visual short‐term memory (VSTM) for briefly presented visual stimuli has been estimated at 4–6 items for real‐world objects (Luck and Vogel, 1997). To measure the fundamental capacity of VSTM the use of real‐world objects is undesirable, since estimates are confounded by verbal descriptors and/or long‐term memory support (Olsson and Poom, 2005). The purpose of this study is to measure the accuracy and capacity of VSTM for unfamiliar, non‐categorical visual stimuli.Method:  Stimuli were random grayscale noise patterns subtending 2°× 2, displayed at a distance of 57 cm. A series of reference stimuli were presented sequentially at the centre of a computer display for 500 ms each. Following this, a blank interval of 500 ms, and then a test stimulus were displayed. Signal present test stimuli originated from a random index in the study series. The probability of a signal present trial was 50%. Observers were instructed to indicate, via a numeric keypad, if the test stimulus was present in the study series (yes/no). Series length was increased from 1 to 5 across blocks of trials. The number of blocks completed for each series length, S, was 2S, where each block comprised 100 trials (i.e. 3000 trials per observer were completed). Four normal/corrected‐to‐normal observers participated in the study. The number of objects encoded in VSTM was calculated using Cowan's formula (Cowan, 2001).Results:  Across series lengths 1–5, average performance rate (pooled across observers) decreased exponentially from 95% for series length 1, to 60% for series length 5. The number of stimuli encoded in VSTM, determined using Cowan's formula, was found to be 1.52, achieved for series length 3. Beyond series length 3, the number of items encoded was found to decrease, at 0.92, 1.30, 1.52, 1.35 and 1.40 for series lengths 1–5, respectively. For series lengths > 1, large recency effects were found by analysis of the reference indices of correctly identified signal present test stimuli.Conclusions:  We find that the capacity of VSTM for serially presented non‐categorical visual stimuli is limited to 1.5 items, in line with VSTM capacity estimates of Olsson and Poom (2005), rather than the more commonly cited 4–6 items (Cowan, 2001; Luck and Vogel, 1997), and is seen to decrease exponentially with increases in series length or decreases in recency. A suite of related experiments are underway to construct a memory performance model under varying stimulus presentation scenarios, including parallel display and variable location.
The idea of a gradient index intraocular lens (IOL)
Authors: Siedlecki Damian , Pierscionek Barbara K. 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  The usual treatment of an eye affected by cataract is the extraction of the crystalline lens from the capsular bag and replacing it with an artificial implant – an intraocular lens (IOL). Such a procedure usually helps the patient to regain his vision, however its quality is far from perfection. The most important element that affects the quality of vision of such a pseudophakic eye is the spherical aberration (SA) which is significantly higher than the SA of a healthy eye. One of the ways to minimize the SA is to involve the gradient index distribution in the medium of IOL. The aim of this study was to find the optimal radial gradient index distribution and to estimate its image quality.Methods:  The theoretical model of the eye was used and its crystalline lens was replaced with the radial gradient index medium. The distribution of the refractive index was optimized in order to give the best possible retinal image quality.Results:  Our theoretical studies showed that the SA of the eye with the Gaussian radial gradient IOL is much lower than the SA of the eye with any other IOL implanted and therefore the image quality is significantly higher.Conclusions:  The implementation of the gradient index in the IOL implantation minimized the SA of a pseudophakic eye. The parameters of the gradient index distribution can be adjusted using an algorithm to the dimensions of a patient's eye.
Visually evoked potential (VEP) measurement of neural suppression during dynamic accommodation
Authors: Laird S. K. , Mucke S. , Manahilov V. , Strang N. C. , Seidel D. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:  Previous work using psychophysical procedures has found evidence of high spatial frequency suppression during step accommodation responses. In this experiment we use VEPs to provide an objective measure of this suppression.Method:  VEPs to horizontal sinusoidal gratings were measured in one young subject in both dynamic and static conditions. The gratings were presented for 40 ms on a monitor placed at 1 m. In the dynamic mode the grating was presented at various time intervals over the course of an accommodation response (1–3D). These measures were compared with static VEP measures taken at defocus equivalent points across the accommodation response range.Results:  The results show VEP amplitudes decreasing with defocus (due to accommodation) in both the static and the dynamic conditions. However, at the time of peak accommodation response acceleration, a decrease in amplitude is seen in the dynamic compared with static condition. The latency of both the dynamic and static recordings increased with the amount of defocus.Conclusion:  The results support the suggestion that neural high spatial frequency suppression occurs during an accommodation step response.
Cortical suppression during accommodation step responses
Authors: Mucke Sven , Manahilov Velitchko , Strang Niall C. , Seidel Dirk 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:  Step changes in accommodation from distance to near take approximately 500 ms, during which time it is uncertain what visual information we perceive. A process of visual suppression seems to occur as we do not notice any blurring. In the present study we examine the visual processing capabilities by measuring contrast sensitivity during accommodation responses.Methods:  Contrast thresholds were measured for two viewing conditions (dynamic and static) using a 2‐alternative forced‐choice staircase procedure. Sinusoidal [1, 4 cycles per degree (cpd)] and square wave (9 cpd) gratings were presented on a monitor at 1 m for the duration of 26 ms. In the dynamic condition a 2 dioptre (1–3D) far to near accommodation step response (ASR) was induced while contrast threshold measurements were taken every 100 ms after onset of the ASR. Results were compared to measurements taken in the static condition, where steady state accommodation responses were induced for five stimulus distances ranging from 1 m–33 cm.Results:  We found that contrast sensitivity in the high spatial frequency condition (9 cpd) was significantly reduced in dynamic compared with static conditions. Differences found between the dynamic and static thresholds at low and mid spatial frequencies (1, 4 cpd) were inconsistent.Conclusion:  The results suggest that the visual system employs high spatial frequency suppression during ASRs in order to minimize blur. These findings support a theory of oculomotor control in which the various oculomotor subsystems have both fast and slow components. The fast component exhibits pre‐programming and suppression of fine spatial detail, while the slow component shows continuous feedback control.