bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Six-Month Follow-Up Study of Cognitive–Behavioural Treatment Groups for Chinese People with Depression in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Fu Keung Daniel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study presents the results of preliminary findings on the continuing effect of cognitive-behavioural treatment groups (CBT) for Chinese people in Hong Kong with depression at 6-month follow-up. Data from 18 of the 48 CBT group participants was analysed using repeated-measures ANOVAs. The same questionnaire was administered to the participants at the pretest, posttest, and 6-month follow-up test. The findings reveal that participants continued to maintain significantly fewer symptoms of depression and dysfunctional rules, and significantly more adaptive coping skills and positive emotions when their follow-up test scores were compared to their pretest and posttest scores. Effect size statistics showed mostly medium differences in all of the above outcome measures between the pretest and posttest, and between the pretest and follow-up test (Cohen's d = 0.51–.77). A statistical approach to clinical significance revealed that in the follow-up test, over 60% of the participants could be considered clinically recovered or clinically remitted. Lastly, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses provided some evidence of a linkage between cognition and depression among the participants at posttest and follow-up. This study appears to support the continuing effect of CBT groups for Chinese people in Hong Kong with depression at a 6-month follow-up.
The Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR) Program: The Effectiveness of the Second, Shorter Pilot of a Workplace Prevention Program
Authors: Liossis Poppy L. , Shochet Ian M. , Millear Prudence M. , Biggs Herbert 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Promoting Adult Resilience (PAR) program is a strengths-based resilience building program that integrates Interpersonal and CBT perspectives. The second, successful pilot of the PAR program in the human-service departments of a local government organisation used a 7-week format. At posttest, PAR participants reported greater self-efficacy, more family satisfaction, greater work–life fit and balance and less negative family–work spillover than the comparison group. At the 6-month follow up, these gains were maintained, although to a lesser degree, with work–life balance being considerably strengthened, and negative spillover in both directions reduced. Participants also reported greater optimism, greater work satisfaction, less stress and promisingly for human service workers, exhaustion was reduced and work vigour was increased. This is important for human service professions as exhaustion, a component of burnout, is associated with higher employee turnover and poorer employee outcomes. Participants reported that they could easily incorporate the new skills into their lives and at follow up, they continued to use the skills to manage the demands of their work and family lives.
On the effects of temperature on the strength of H2SO4-doped ice single crystals
Authors: Li Xiang , Iliescu Daniel , Baker Ian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPreviously, it was shown that the reduction in peak stress of single crystal ice at −20°C due to H2SO4, Δσ, could be described by Δσ = kC1/2, where C is the sulfuric acid concentration and k is a constant. Here we show that the strength reduction due to H2SO4 is more general and that the reduction is greater as the temperature decreases. Δσ was again found to be proportional to C1/2 at −10°C, but k at −10°C was significantly less than at −20°C.
A three-dimensional ice-sheet flow solution
Authors: Morland L.W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn accurate three-dimensional reduced model (shallow-ice approximation) flow with velocity depending on all three spatial coordinates is constructed for the commonly adopted isotropic viscous law with temperature-dependent rate factor. The solution is for steady flow with a prescribed temperature distribution, but can be extended to flow with a coupled energy balance, and to unsteady flow. The accuracy hinges on the reduction to a two-point ordinary differential equation problem for the surface profile, on an unknown span, for which established accurate numerical methods are available. This is achieved by setting one horizontal velocity component in elliptic cylindrical coordinates to zero, but the other two components depend on all three spatial variables. While not of direct physical interest, such an ‘exact’ solution is valuable as a test solution for the large-scale numerical codes commonly used in ice-sheet modelling, which have not yet been subjected to such a comparison.
Surface structure and stability of the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Glasser N.F. , Kulessa B. , Luckman A. , Jansen D. , King E.C. , Sammonds P.R. , Scambos T.A. , Jezek K.C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA structural glaciological description and analysis of surface morphological features of the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, is derived from satellite images spanning the period 1963–2007. The data are evaluated in two time ranges: a comparison of a 1963 satellite image photomosaic with a modern digital mosaic compiled using 2003/04 austral summer data; and an image series since 2003 showing recent evolution of the shelf. We map the ice-shelf edge, rift swarms, crevasses and crevasse traces, and linear longitudinal structures (called ‘flow stripes’ or ‘streak lines’). The latter are observed to be continuous over distances of up to 200 km from the grounding line to the ice-shelf edge, with little evidence of changes in pattern over that distance. Integrated velocity measurements along a flowline indicate that the shelf has been stable for ∼560 years in the mid-shelf area. Linear longitudinal features may be grouped into 12 units, each related to one or a small group of outlet feeder glaciers to the shelf. We observe that the boundaries between these flow units often mark rift terminations. The boundary zones originate upstream at capes, islands or other suture areas between outlet glaciers. In agreement with previous work, our findings imply that rift terminations within such suture zones indicate that they contain anomalously soft ice. We thus suggest that suture zones within the Larsen C ice shelf, and perhaps within ice shelves more generally, may act to stabilize them by reducing regional stress intensities and thus rates of rift lengthening.
Estimation of debris cover and its temporal variation using optical satellite sensor data: a case study in Chenab basin, Himalaya
Authors: Shukla A. , Gupta R.P. , Arora M.K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDebris cover over glaciers greatly affects their rate of ablation and is a sensitive indicator of glacier health. This study focuses on estimation of debris cover over Samudratapu glacier, Chenab basin, Himalaya, using optical remote-sensing data. Remote-sensing image data of IRS-1C LISS-III (September 2001), IRS-P6 AWiFS (September 2004) and Terra ASTER (September 2004) along with Survey of India topographical maps (1963) were used in the study. Supervised classification of topographically corrected reflectance image data was systematically conducted to map six land-cover classes in the glacier terrain: snow, ice, mixed ice and debris, debris, valley rock, and water. An accuracy assessment of the classification was conducted using the ASTER visible/near-infrared data as the reference. The overall accuracies of the glacier-cover maps were found to range from 83.7% to 89.1%, whereas the individual class accuracy of debris-cover mapping was found to range from 82% to 95%. This shows that supervised classification of topographically corrected reflectance data is effective for the extraction of debris cover. In addition, a comparative study of glacier-cover maps generated from remote-sensing data (supervised classification) of September 2001 and September 2004 and Survey of India topographical maps (1963) has highlighted the trends of glacier depletion and recession. The glacier snout receded by about 756 m from 1963 to 2004, and the total glacier area was reduced by 13.7 km2 (from 110 km2 in 1963). Further, glacier retreat is found to be accompanied by a decrease in mixed ice and debris and a marked increase in debris-cover area. The area covered by valley rock is found to increase, confirming an overall decrease in the glacier area. The results from this study demonstrate the applicability of optical remote-sensing data in monitoring glacier terrain, and particularly mapping debris-cover area.
Englacial drainage systems formed by hydrologically driven crevasse propagation
Authors: Benn Douglas , Gulley Jason , Luckman Adrian , Adamek Artur , Glowacki Piotr S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRecent work has shown that surface-to-bed drainage systems re-form annually on parts of the Greenland ice sheet and some High Arctic glaciers, leading to speed-up events soon after the onset of summer melt. Surface observations and geophysical data indicate that such systems form by hydrologically driven fracture propagation (herein referred to as ‘hydrofracturing’), although little is known about their characteristics. Using speleological techniques, we have explored and surveyed englacial drainage systems formed by hydrofracturing in glaciers in Svalbard, Nepal and Alaska. In Hansbreen, Svalbard, vertical shafts were followed through ∼60 m of cold ice and ∼10 m of temperate basal ice to a subglacial conduit. Deep hydrofracturing occurred at this site due to a combination of extensional ice flow and abundant surface meltwater at a glacier confluence. The englacial drainage systems in Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, and Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, USA, formed in areas of longitudinal compression and transverse extension and consist of vertical slots that plunge down-glacier at angles of 55° or less. The occurrence of englacial drainages initiated by hydrofracturing in diverse glaciological regimes suggests that it is a very widespread process, and that surface-to-bed drainage can occur wherever high meltwater supply coincides with ice subjected to sufficiently large tensile stresses.
Modeling time series of microwave brightness temperature in Antarctica
Authors: Picard G. , Brucker L. , Fily M. , Gallée H. , Krinner G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper aims to interpret the temporal variations of microwave brightness temperature (at 19 and 37GHz and at vertical and horizontal polarizations) in Antarctica using a physically based snow dynamic and emission model (SDEM). SDEM predicts time series of top-of-atmosphere brightness temperature from widely available surface meteorological data (ERA-40 re-analysis). To do so, it successively computes the heat flux incoming the snowpack, the snow temperature profile, the microwaves emitted by the snow and, finally, the propagation of the microwaves through the atmosphere up to the satellite. Since the model contains several parameters whose value is variable and uncertain across the continent, the parameter values are optimized for every 50 km × 50 km pixel. Simulation results show that the model is inadequate in the melt zone (where surface melting occurs on at least a few days a year) because the snowpack structure and its temporal variations are too complex. In contrast, the accuracy is reasonably good in the dry zone and varies between 2 and 4 K depending on the frequency and polarization of observations and on the location. At the Antarctic scale, the error is larger where wind is usually stronger, suggesting either that meteorological data are less accurate in windy regions or that some neglected processes (e.g. windpumping, surface scouring) are important. At Dome C, in calm conditions, a detailed analysis shows that most of the error is due to inaccuracy of the ERA-40 air temperature (∼2 K). Finally, the paper discusses the values of the optimized parameters and their spatial variations across the Antarctic.
Temperature and vapour-trajectory controls on the stable-isotope signal in Canadian Rocky Mountain snowpacks
Authors: Sinclair K.E. , Marshall S.J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of temperature and seasonal air-mass trajectories on stable water isotopes in alpine snowpacks are investigated using meteorological and snow-pit data at two alpine field sites in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: Haig Glacier, Alberta, and Opabin Glacier, British Columbia. Snow pits were sampled through three accumulation seasons (October–June, 2004/05, 2005/06 and 2006/07) for δ18O, δD, temperature and density. The isotopic characteristics of precipitation over these time periods, including the local meteoric waterline and average δ18O, δD and deuterium excess, were defined using this dataset. Individual snowfall events over the three seasons were identified in the accumulation records from both sites and then fit to snow-pit stratigraphies to determine their mean isotopic characteristics. A trajectory classification was produced for all events, and the key meteorological characteristics of each trajectory class were investigated using data from alpine field sites and a suite of meteorological records from the region. An analysis of the relative influences of temperature and air-mass trajectory on snow isotope ratios reveals some separation in mean δ18O between storm classes. However, the separation appears to be driven primarily by the mean temperature of each class rather then being a direct effect of vapour pathway.
Constituent elements of insoluble and non-volatile particles during the Last Glacial Maximum exhibited in the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core
Authors: Iizuka Yoshinori , Miyake Takayuki , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Suzuki Toshitaka , Matoba Sumito , Motoyama Hideaki , Fujii Yoshiyuki , Hondoh Takeo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn order to find environmental signals based on the dust and calcium-ion concentrations in ice cores, we determine the constituent elements of residue particles obtained after melting ice samples. We have designed a sublimating system that operates at −45°C, below the eutectic temperatures of major salts. This system permits us to obtain a great many non-volatile particles. After studying the non-volatile particles, we immersed them in water to remove soluble particles and compounds. We thereby analyzed a total of 1272 residue particles (from the melted sample), 2418 non-volatile particles (after sublimation) and 1463 insoluble particles taken from five sections of Last Glacial Maximum ice from the Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core. Their constituent elements were determined by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and compared to the dust, calcium-ion and sodium-ion concentrations measured by ion chromatography. Our results indicate that >99.9% of the insoluble particles contain silicon but no sulfur, nitrogen or chlorine. A significant number of the non-volatile particles, however, contain sulfur and chlorine. We conclude that insoluble dust consists mostly of silicate, that almost all calcium ions originate from calcium sulfate and that almost all sodium ions originate from sodium sulfate and sodium chloride.
Ice stratigraphy at the Pâkitsoq ice margin, West Greenland, derived from gas records
Authors: Schaefer Hinrich , Petrenko Vasilii V. , Brook Edward J. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Reeh Niels , Melton Joe R. , Mitchell Logan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHorizontal ice-core sites, where ancient ice is exposed at the glacier surface, offer unique opportunities for paleo-studies of trace components requiring large sample volumes. Following previous work at the Pâkitsoq ice margin in West Greenland, we use a combination of geochemical parameters measured in the ice matrix (δ18Oice) and air occlusions (δ18Oatm, δ15N of N2 and methane concentration) to date ice layers from specific climatic intervals. The data presented here expand our understanding of the stratigraphy and three-dimensional structure of ice layers outcropping at Pâkitsoq. Sections containing ice from every distinct climatic interval during Termination I, including Last Glacial Maximum, Bølling/Allerød, Younger Dryas and the early Holocene, are identified. In the early Holocene, we find evidence for climatic fluctuations similar to signals found in deep ice cores from Greenland. A second glacial–interglacial transition exposed at the extreme margin of the ice is identified as another outcrop of Termination I (rather than the onset of the Eemian interglacial as postulated in earlier work). Consequently, the main structural feature at Pâkitsoq is a large-scale anticline with accordion-type folding in both exposed sequences of the glacial–Holocene transition, leading to multiple layer duplications and age reversals.
A high-precision method for measurement of paleoatmospheric CO2 in small polar ice samples
Authors: Ahn Jinho , Brook Edward J. , Howell Kate 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe describe a high-precision method, now in use in our laboratory, for measuring the CO2 mixing ratio of ancient air trapped in polar ice cores. Occluded air in ice samples weighing ∼8–15 g is liberated by crushing with steel pins at −35°C and trapped at −263°C in a cryogenic cold trap. CO2 in the extracted air is analyzed using gas chromatography. Replicate measurements for several samples of high-quality ice from the Siple Dome and Taylor Dome Antarctic ice cores have pooled standard deviations of <0.9 ppm. This high-precision technique is directly applicable to high-temporal-resolution studies for detection of small CO2 variations, for example CO2 variations of a few parts per million on millennial to decadal scales.
Environmental Politics and Place Authenticity Protection1
Authors: Certomà Chiara 
Published: July 2009

A large part of environmental politics is interested in protecting place authenticity against the ‘disenchanting’ effect produced by the advent of modernity. It adopts a rhetoric of nostalgia by regretting the loss of primeval relations between humans and nature, and endorses an essentialist, foundationalist and exclusivist definition of locality and the locals. In order to overcome the problematic political consequences of this (widely accepted) classic approach, the paper proposes to differently outline modernity, by adopting a heterogeneous geography standpoint and postmodern hybrid networks theory. As a consequence, place is regarded in terms of heterogeneity, porosity and non-exclusivism; authenticity is reshaped in terms of throwntogetherness; and environmental politics is reconsidered in the structuration of a thing-oriented democracy.
Addiction: Law and Practice in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Jalal 
Published: July 2009

In Bangladesh addiction has come as a dreadful curse on social life. Being addicted to intoxicant, men are extremely demoted. As a result frustration, indiscipline & mournful ripeness/end fall in personal life as well as its horrendous impact fall in social life and national life. Consequently the youths, the future of the nation, are running to the depth of darkness. This article explores the origin and causes of addiction and its bad impact on social life. This paper also highlights the national laws and Islamic laws about addiction and tries to show the present practice in Bangladesh. This article ends suggesting the Government how to overcome this problem. doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v4i0.2855 IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 4, December 2007 (p 59-70)
Display Unit for Bangla Characters
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Osiur , Khan Mohammad Aktaruzzaman 
Published: July 2009

Segmented representation is used in lieu of the dot matrices representation for alphanumeric characters of different languages. Due to concerns of cost, power loss and design complexity, the segmented representation becomes more popular over the dot matrices. There are very limited display units for English, Arabic, and Bangla alphanumeric characters. 18-segments display is normally used to display the entire alphabetic character of English. But there is no standard display unit for Bangla Alphabetic Characters. Although recently different segmented display models for Bangla characters have been proposed, the quality of the characters stay below the mark. In this paper, 26-segments display for Bangla alphabetic character has been proposed. From the review it appears that it is the first proposed display in the world for Bangla Alphabetic Character. Here a grid structure consisting of 26 segments has been discovered. All Bangla characters vowel and consonants can be characterized by using this grid structure. As there can be at least vowels (12), consonants (39), punctuation, and some other symbols to be displayed, 6-bit inputs are used to represent each character. After analyzing which segments will be activated for which character, appropriate logic function and circuits have been derived in order to display each Bangla character. Finally, a comparative analysis is made among the different proposed segmented display models to find out the cost and effectiveness in terms of display quality, power loss, and design complexity. Keywords: 7-segment, 12-segment, 17-segment, 18- segment, non-overlapping segments, K-map. doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v4i0.2855 IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 4, December 2007 (p 71-86)
Challenges of Islamic Da'wah in Bangladesh: The Christian Missions and Their Evangelization
Authors: Ali Md Yousuf , Nurullah Abu Sadat 
Published: July 2009

Although Bangladesh is the second largest Muslim populated country in the world, there are several challenges of Islamic da‘wah here. The Christian mission, taking the opportunity of people's poverty and distress, is evangelizing them through financial assistance and other means. The rapidly increasing number of conversion to Christianity among the tribal population is alarming. The missionary activities are spreading around the country, chiefly in the intellectual arena, in educational institutions, and in other aspects of life. The influence of it on the culture, education, religion and lifestyle of people results into converting people to the Christian ideology. Particularly the young generations are inclining towards this lucrative dogma of the new age. Media, both print and electronic, are propagating and claiming the banning of the da‘wah movement. In these situation, the Islamic da‘wah movements require to explore and implement new methodology to face the enormous challenges to prevent Bangladesh from becoming a Christian country in future. Keywords: Islamic da'wah, Christian mission, and evangelization. doi: 10.3329/iiucs.v4i0.2856 IIUC STUDIES Vol. - 4, December 2007 (p 87-108)