bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia Criteria and Severity Scales for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia
Authors: WOLFE FREDERICK , CLAUW DANIEL J. , FITZCHARLES MARY-ANN , GOLDENBERG DON L. , HÄUSER WINFRIED , KATZ ROBERT S. , MEASE PHILIP , RUSSELL ANTHONY S. , RUSSELL I. JON , WINFIELD JOHN B. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To develop a fibromyalgia (FM) survey questionnaire for epidemiologic and clinical studies using a modification of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia (ACR 2010). We also created a new FM symptom scale to further characterize FM severity.Methods.The ACR 2010 consists of 2 scales, the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and the Symptom Severity (SS) scale. We modified these ACR 2010 criteria by eliminating the physician’s estimate of the extent of somatic symptoms and substituting the sum of 3 specific self-reported symptoms. We also created a 0–31 FM Symptom scale (FS) by adding the WPI to the modified SS scale. We administered the questionnaire to 729 patients previously diagnosed with FM, 845 with osteoarthritis (OA) or with other noninflammatory rheumatic conditions, 439 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 5210 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Results.The modified ACR 2010 criteria were satisfied by 60% with a prior diagnosis of FM, 21.1% with RA, 16.8% with OA, and 36.7% with SLE. The criteria properly identified diagnostic groups based on FM severity variables. An FS score ≥ 13 best separated criteria+ and criteria− patients, classifying 93.0% correctly, with a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 91.8% in the study population.Conclusion.A modification to the ACR 2010 criteria will allow their use in epidemiologic and clinical studies without the requirement for an examiner. The criteria are simple to use and administer, but they are not to be used for self-diagnosis. The FS may have wide utility beyond the bounds of FM, including substitution for widespread pain in epidemiological studies.
Work Disability in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Norway
Authors: BAKLAND GUNNSTEIN , GRAN JAN T. , BECKER-MEROK ANDREA , NORDVÅG BJØRN Y. , NOSSENT JOHANNES C. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To report the prevalence of work disability (WD) in a cross-sectional study of a large population of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the associated demographic and clinical characteristics, including extraspinal features, that contribute to WD.Methods.Patients with AS registered in a hospital database were invited to participate. A total of 360 patients took part. The survey period was 1998 to 2002. During an extended outpatient visit, data were collected according to a predefined data form. Demographic data were collected and a physical examination performed.Results.After 22.6 years of disease duration, the cumulative prevalence of WD reached 43.6%, and an additional 8.9% of patients were nonparticipants in the labor force. Significant odds ratios indicating an independent association with WD were found for history of polyarthritis (9.6), coronary heart disease (CHD; 7.8), female sex (3.4), having children with spondyloarthritis (2.9), changing profession (2.8), lower level of education (1.4), mean score of the Bath AS Functional Index (1.2), increasing age (1.05), and increasing finger-to-floor distance (1.02).Conclusion.The longterm prevalence of WD among Norwegian patients with AS is considerably higher than in reports from other countries. Earlier polyarthritis and CHD were the strongest independent risk factors for WD.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction Between Allopurinol and Probenecid in Patients with Gout
Authors: STOCKER SOPHIE L. , GRAHAM GARRY G. , McLACHLAN ANDREW J. , WILLIAMS KENNETH M. , DAY RICHARD O. 
Published: February 2011

Objective.To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and oxypurinol (the active metabolite of allopurinol) in patients with gout.Methods.This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure oxypurinol and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to allopurinol therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and oxypurinol.Results.Twenty patients taking allopurinol 100–400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated creatinine clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to allopurinol therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33–0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24–0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5–7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9–12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma oxypurinol concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0–17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0–12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal oxypurinol clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6–15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0–20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in patients with renal impairment.Conclusion.Coadministration of allopurinol with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than allopurinol alone despite an associated reduction of plasma oxypurinol concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.
Snorkelers' In-Water Observations Can Alter Salmonid Behavior
Authors: Brignon William R. , Davis M. Brian , Olson Douglas E. , Schaller Howard A. , Schreck Carl B. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Direct underwater observation techniques (e.g., snorkel surveys) are widely used in fisheries science. Data collected from these surveys are used to estimate species abundance, detect presence and absence, and construct statistical models that predict microhabitat use and nonuse. To produce an unbiased estimate or model, fish should ideally behave as if there were no observer present. We conducted a study using underwater video to test whether snorkeling can elicit a change in fish behavior. Four behavioral metrics were measured: upstream movement, downstream movement, total movement, and number of fish in the field-of-view. Significant differences were detected in upstream, downstream, and total movements as a function of the in-water observer. These results suggest that an in-water observer can disturb fish, resulting in altered behavior, which in turn may bias study results. We suggest researchers use caution in making inferences to an entire population when data-collection methods have potential to bias fish behavior.
Subendocardial Fibrosis in Left Ventricular Hypertrabeculation-Cause or Consequence?
Authors: Ker J. , Du Toit-Prinsloo L. , Van Heerden W.F.P. , Saayman G. 
Published: February 2011

Left ventricular noncompaction has been classified as a primary cardiomyopathy with a genetic origin. This condition is morphologically characterized by a thickened, two-layered myocardium with numerous prominent trabeculations and deep, intertrabecular recesses. Recently, it has become clear that these pathological characteristics extend across a continuum with left ventricular hypertrabeculation at one end of the spectrum. The histological findings include areas of interstitial fibrosis. We present a case of left ventricular hypertrabeculation which presented as sudden infant death syndrome. Histologically areas of subendocardial fibrosis was prominent and we propose that this entity may be a hidden cause of arrhythmic death in some infants presenting as sudden infant death syndrome., with areas of subendocardial fibrosis as possible arrhythmogenic foci.
Impact of Metal Contamination in Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Coletti Gianluca , Bronsveld Paula C. P. , Hahn Giso , Warta Wilhelm , Macdonald Daniel , Ceccaroli Bruno , Wambach Karsten , Le Quang Nam , Fernandez Juan M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe impact of the transition metals iron, chromium, nickel, titanium and copper on solar‐cell performance is investigated. Each impurity is intentionally added to the silicon feedstock used to grow p‐type, directionally solidified, multicrystalline silicon ingots. A state‐of‐the‐art screen‐print solar‐cell process is applied to this material. Impurities like iron, chromium and titanium cause a reduction in the diffusion length. Nickel does not reduce the diffusion length significantly, but strongly affects the emitter recombination, reducing the solar‐cell performance significantly. Copper has the peculiarity of impacting both base‐bulk recombination as well as emitter recombination. Two models based on the Scheil distribution of impurities are derived to fit the degradation along the ingot. Solar‐cell performances are modelled as a function of base‐bulk recombination and emitter‐bulk recombination. The model fits the experimental data very well and is also successfully validated. Unexpectedly, the distribution of impurities along the ingot, due to segregation phenomena (Scheil distribution), leaves its finger‐print even at the end of the solar‐cell process. A measure of impurity impact is defined as the level of impurity that causes a degradation in cell performance of less than 2% up to 90% of the ingot height. The advantage of this impurity‐impact metric is that it comprises the different impurities’ physical characters in one single parameter, which is easy to compare.
V2O5 Nano‐Electrodes with High Power and Energy Densities for Thin Film Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yanyi , Clark Michael , Zhang Qifeng , Yu Danmei , Liu Dawei , Liu Jun , Cao Guozhong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNanostructured V2O5 thin films have been prepared by means of cathodic deposition from an aqueous solution made from V2O5 and H2O2 directly on fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated (FTO) glasses followed by annealing at 500°C in air, and studied as film electrodes for lithium ion batteries. XPS results show that the as‐deposited films contained 15% V4+, however after annealing all the vanadium is oxidized to V5+. The crystallinity, surface morphology, and microstructures of the films have been investigated by means of XRD, SEM, and AFM. The V2O5 thin film electrodes show excellent electrochemical properties as cathodes for lithium ion intercalation: a high initial discharge capacity of 402 mA h g−1 and 240 mA h g−1 is retained after over 200 cycles with a discharging rate of 200 mA g−1 (1.3 C). The specific energy density is calculated as 900 W h kg−1 for the 1st cycle and 723 W h kg−1 for the 180th cycle when the films are tested at 200 mA g−1 (1.3 C). When discharge/charge is carried out at a high current density of 10.5 A g−1 (70 C), the thin film electrodes retain a good discharge capacity of 120 mA h g−1, and the specific power density is over 28 kW kg−1.
Importance of including all pregnancy outcomes to reduce bias in epidemiologic studies of neural tube defects—Texas, 1999 to 2005
Authors: Parks Sharyn E. , Canfield Mark A. , Ramadhani Tunu A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeural tube defects (NTDs) often result in fetal death or elective termination; therefore, not all cases are captured in typical hospital‐based surveillance. We examined sociodemographic differences among pregnancy outcomes to assess sources of bias in NTD surveillance and research.METHODSWe used 1999 to 2005 Texas Birth Defects Registry data, a population‐based active surveillance system, and calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). We then assessed the association of anencephaly and spina bifida with the selected characteristics, stratified by pregnancy outcomes (fetal death, elective termination, or live birth).RESULTSData were available for 1852 NTD cases (anencephaly, 677; spina bifida, 954; and encephalocele, 221), resulting in 1211 live births, 236 fetal deaths, and 405 elective terminations. For both anencephaly and spina bifida, a significant excess of Hispanic mothers was observed among live‐birth cases (aPRs = 1.2–2.4), but not among mothers experiencing other pregnancy outcomes. Mothers of anencephaly cases resulting in a non‐live birth were more likely to be adolescents (aPRs = 2.4–2.7 for ages <20 years old vs. ages 25–29 years old), but this pattern was not observed for live‐birth cases. A trend of increasing anencephaly risk with increasing parity was demonstrated only among fetal‐death cases. For spina bifida, mothers of fetal‐death (but not live‐birth) cases were less likely to live along the Texas–Mexico border (aPR = 0.30).CONCLUSIONSDemographic differences across NTD pregnancy outcomes exist and are a potential source of bias. Inclusion of all pregnancy outcomes in NTD surveillance is vital in NTD monitoring and research. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Near‐Infrared Absorbing Benzannulated Aza‐BODIPY Dyes
Authors: Gresser Roland , Hummert Markus , Hartmann Horst , Leo Karl , Riede Moritz 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of novel aza‐diisoindolmethine dyes 9 with six different aryl and heteroaryl groups at the indole moiety have been synthesized by the addition of aryl Grignard compounds to phthalodinitrile and subsequent reaction with formamide. A plausible reaction mechanism, through a Leuckart–Wallach‐type reduction has been confirmed by means of DFT calculations of the related transition and intermediate states. The corresponding boron difluoride complexes (10) of 9 were prepared in a subsequent reaction step and the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of 9 and 10 have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The aza‐diisoindolmethines 9 exhibit an absorption maximum in the range from 615 to 720 nm, whereas the complexes 10 show a bathochromically shifted absorption maximum between 681 and 793 nm. Measurements of 9 and 10 by cyclic voltammetry display fully reversible redox waves for the reduction and oxidation with higher potentials for 10. From the measured redox potentials, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels were calculated for 9 and 10. The frontier orbital energies, the energies of the absorption bands, as well as the orbitals involved in the absorption process were calculated with DFT and compared to the measured results of 9 and 10. The absorption maximum can be related to an intense HOMO–LUMO transition and the more‐pronounced stabilization of the LUMO upon complexation is the origin of the bathochromic shift of the absorption. Additionally, single‐crystal structures for two species, 10 d and 10 f, are reported.
Relationship Between Epicardial Fat Measured by 64‐Multidetector Computed Tomography and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Iwasaki Kohichiro , Matsumoto Takeshi , Aono Hitoshi , Furukawa Hiroshi , Samukawa Masanobu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Epicardial fat (EF) is the visceral fat of the heart deposited under the visceral layer of the pericardium and has the same origin as abdominal visceral fat, which is shown to be strongly related to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We measured the volume of EF (EFV) by 64‐multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and studied the relationship between EFV and the severity of CAD.HypothesisEpicardial fat volume increases steeply in patients with significant coronary artery stenosis and in those with severe coronary artery calcification.MethodsWe studied 197 patients with suspected CAD who underwent 64‐MDCT and coronary angiography. Cross‐sectional tomographic cardiac slices (3.0 mm thick) from base to apex (30 to 40 slices per heart) were traced semiautomatically and EFV was measured by assigning Hounsfield units ranging from −30 to −250 to fat.ResultsEpicardial fat volume was 99.4 ± 40.0 ml (range, 11.6 to 263.8 mL) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was 267.2 ± 605.1 (range, 0 to 3780). There was a significant relationship between EFV and CACS (r = 0.210, P = 0.003). Patients with EFV >100 had a CACS that was significantly higher than in those with EFV <100 (384.0 ± 782.0 vs 174.8 ± 395.6; P = 0.016). The incidence of significant CAD was significantly higher in patients with EFV >100 compared with those with EFV <100 (40.2% vs 22.7%; P = 0.008). The EFV was significantly higher in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis and in those with severe coronary artery calcification (CACS >400).ConclusionsOur results showed that EFV was associated with coronary atherosclerosis, and EFV increased steeply in patients with severe coronary artery stenosis and in those with severe coronary artery calcification. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Beneficial Cardiometabolic Actions of Telmisartan Plus Amlodipine Therapy in Elderly Patients With Poorly Controlled Hypertension
Authors: Bekki Hisatoshi , Yamamoto Kiichiro , Sone Masayoshi , Homma Tomoki , Nakata Masashi , Nohara Masatoshi , Fukami Kei , Okuda Seiya , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of evidence that blood pressure (BP) level is one of the major determinants of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals, including elderly people. However, to achieve a target BP level in the elderly is more difficult compared with patients aged <65 years. Current guidelines recommend combination drug therapy with different modes of action for the treatment of elderly patients with moderate hypertension (HT). However, the optimal combination regimen is not well established in elderly HT.HypothesisWe hypothesized that combination therapy of telmisartan plus amlodipine would exert favorable cardiometabolic actions in elderly HT.MethodsSeventeen elderly patients with essential HT who failed to achieve a target home BP level with treatment of 5 mg amlodipine plus 80 mg valsartan or 8 mg candesartan for at least 2 months were enrolled. Then the patients were assigned to replace their valsartan or candesartan with 40 mg telmisartan. The subjects were instructed to measure their own BP at home every day during the study periods.ResultsReplacement of valsartan or candesartan by telmisartan in amlodipine‐treated elderly hypertensive patients showed a significant reduction in morning home systolic BP and evening home systolic and diastolic BP at 12 weeks. Switching to telmisartan significantly increased serum adiponectin level.ConclusionsOur present study suggests that combination therapy with telmisartan plus amlodipine may exert more beneficial cardiometabolic effects in elderly patients with HT compared with valsartan or candesartan plus amlodipine treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported in part by Grants of Collaboration with Venture Companies Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (to S.Y.). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
A novel serum carbohydrate marker on mucin 5AC
Authors: Silsirivanit Atit , Araki Norie , Wongkham Chaisiri , Pairojkul Chawalit , Narimatsu Yoshiki , Kuwahara Kazuhiko , Narimatsu Hisashi , Wongkham Sopit , Sakaguchi Nobuo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is increasing globally. Currently, there is no powerful marker for the diagnosis of CCA, which has led to late diagnosis and poor patient outcome. This study was designed to establish a new monoclonal antibody (MoAb) for detecting a serum marker associated with CCA.METHODS:Pooled CCA tissue extracts were immunized to germinal center associated nuclear protein (GANP)‐transgenic mice. The antibody‐producing hybridomas were prepared and initially screened by using an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A positive clone that reacted strongly with CCA serum or tumor tissue extract and failed to react with normal human serum and liver extract was selected.RESULTS:An S121 immunoglobulin M MoAb that recognized a novel glycan epitope was obtained. Immunohistochemistry of CCA tissues revealed that the MoAb reacted strongly with hyperplastic/dysplastic and neoplastic bile ducts but not with normal bile ducts. In addition, experiments demonstrated that mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a core glycoprotein for the S121 epitope. A sandwich ELISA using soybean agglutinin and an S121 MoAb was developed for detecting S121 reactive antigen in patient sera. The level of serum S121 from patients with CCA was reduced significantly after tumor removal, indicating the tumor origin of this antigen. The test was able to distinguish patients with CCA from healthy individuals, active Opisthorchis viverrini‐infected individuals and patients with various gastrointestinal cancers, hepatoma, and benign hepatobiliary diseases with 87.63% sensitivity, 89.58% specificity, an 80.95% positive predictive value, and a 93.47% negative predictive value. Moreover, high serum S121 levels were related to a poor patient outcome.CONCLUSIONS:The sugar antigen recognized by S121 MoAb is a new serum marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CCA. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
On the regularization mechanism for the periodic Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Babin Anatoli V. , Ilyin Alexei A. , Titi Edriss S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper we develop and use successive averaging methods for explaining the regularization mechanism in the the periodic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation in the homogeneous Sobolev spaces Ḣs for s ≥ 0. Specifically, we prove the global existence, uniqueness, and Lipschitz‐continuous dependence on the initial data of the solutions of the periodic KdV. For the case where the initial data is in L2 we also show the Lipschitz‐continuous dependence of these solutions with respect to the initial data as maps from Ḣs to Ḣs for s ∈(−1,0]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Behavioral modeling of pipeline ADC building blocks
Authors: Ruiz‐Amaya Jesús , Delgado‐Restituto Manuel , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Ángel 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents accurate behavioral models for the basic building blocks of pipeline data converters with emphasis on the MDAC circuit. These models take into account major circuit‐level non‐idealities, including small‐ and large‐signal effects, as well as the impact of switch‐on resistance effects and thermal noise contributions. The behavioral models have been validated against transistor‐level simulations under different scenarios, showing in all cases a worst‐case deviation of 0.3 bit effective resolution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routing and mobility approaches in IPv6 over LoWPAN mesh networks
Authors: Oliveira Luís M. L. , de Sousa Amaro F. , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIt is foreseeable that any object in the near future will have an Internet connection—this is the Internet of Things vision. All these objects will be able to exchange and process information, most of them characterized by small size, power constrained, small computing and storage resources. In fact, connecting embedded low‐power devices to the Internet is considered the biggest challenge and opportunity for the Internet. There is a strong trend of convergence towards an Internet‐based solution and the 6LoWPAN may be the convergence solution to achieve the Internet of Things vision. Wireless mesh networks have attracted the interest of the scientific community in recent years. One of the key characteristics of wireless mesh networks is the ability to self‐organize and self‐configure. Mesh networking and mobility support are considered crucial to the Internet of Things success. This paper surveys the available solutions proposed to support routing and mobility over 6LoWPAN mesh networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.