bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Factors Design Considerations for the Aging Populations
Authors: McGowan Blake 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMost safety professionals are concerned with the human factors and the aging population. When asked why they are concerned, many express fears of anticipated increases in injury rates as their working population ages. However, data suggests that non-fatal occupational injury rates (sprains and strains) are higher for younger workers (≤ 25 years old) compared to the ageing population (Jackson, 2001; Salminen, 2004). This is especially true for male populations.In reality, the two most important issues safety professionals should consider as the workforce ages are: Decreases in production performance - Older workers often require increased task completion time, which leads to decreases in production performance (Rahman et al., 2002).Increases in quality errors - Many older workers experience reduced hand sensitivity, which results in reduced tactile sensation and more product assembly errors (Ranganathan et al., 2001).Currently, many organizations understand the positive impacts of human factors engineering on productivity performance (for example, lean manufacturing). Organizations have repeatedly demonstrated task time improvements and ergonomic risk reductions following the implementation of engineering/ergonomic improvements. However, very few have launched ergonomic initiatives focused on reducing quality errors. Poor facility designs lead to quality issues, and Eklund (1999) showed that 60-70% of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are related to poor design.As we age, design is increasingly important since significant physiological changes occur that exacerbate the potential for WMSDs and quality errors. These physiological changes include, but are not limited to: Movement speed slows during grasping (Carnahan et al., 1993) and reaching (Seidler-Dobrin and Stelmach, 1998)Movement precision (deceleration) decreases (Walker et al., 1997)Range of motion is reduced (Chaparro et al., 2000)Muscle strength (grip, push, pull) decreases (Ketchum and Stelmach, 2001)Force control decreases, as adults grip twice as hard to compensate (Cole, 1991)Force perception decreases (Cole et al., 1991)Muscle endurance decreasesIn this article, readers will learn how to identify human factors concerns using scientific tools, as well as human factors design guidelines to accommodate the aging population.
Application of Framingham Risk Score in the Assessment of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk in Qatar Petroleum's Staff
Authors: Mochtar Iqbal , Subekti Rakhmat , Al Jaidah Mahmood Abdulrahman , Hooper Richard 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Using Framingham Risk Score, this study analyzed and assessed the risk of QP's firemen and non-firemen in developing coronary heart disease events within the next 10 years. In both firemen and non-firemen, low HDL level was the most prevalent risk factor (66.9%), followed by hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and high cholesterol, which accounted for 31.9%, 19.6%, 12.5% and 11.5% respectively. On average, firemen had 7.4% risk of developing CHD events within the next 10 years; this figure was significantly lower than that in non-firemen, which accounted for 9.2% (P&lt;0.001). Although more firemen smoked than non-firemen (28.4% and 12.1%; P&lt;0.001), they were considerably younger than non-firemen (39.7 years and 44.6 years; P&lt;001). Firemen in Messaied had the highest prevalence of smoking, diabetes and low HDL level, which brought their CHD risk to be the highest among all firemen. To improve the CHD risk among staff, a health intervention program consisting multiple risk management strategy should be initiated. While the proposed program should target all staff, a specific intervention should be given to improve the low HDL level in all staff and to intensify multiple risk management strategy to firemen in Messaied.
Emerging Trends in Process Safety
Authors: Unnikrishnan G.. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Process safety techniques have improved over the years. Better designs and rigorous Process Hazard analysis have resulted in reduction of incidents in the Process industry. However, complexity and nature of process plants pose challenges in understanding and mitigating potential incidents.
Better hardware designs and highly trained staff need not necessarily result in improved safety of the process system. Safety is an emergent property of a system and it cannot be considered in isolation from the society and business environment in which it operates. The changes occurring in these areas affect safety in many ways. Several new factors such as Safety Culture, Safety Leadership and Employee empowerment have come into the area of process safety.
The business environments as well as societal requirements are becoming more complex. Safety requirements are evolving. More and more stringent measures will be imposed on business and process industry for adherence in future. There is a need for better visualization of the complex issues involved and predict the nature of things to come. The industry has to be proactive with continuous research and upgrade rather than wait for regulatory measures.
As outlined above Process safety presents several challenges in identification, implementation and measurement which are not confined to technical disciplines alone. Drawing from the latest research on Process Safety and from fields such as Organizational Behavior, Psychology and Systems theory, this paper will examine the emerging trends in Process safety. In conclusion, the paper will identify these emerging trends and demonstrate that a holistic systems approach will be able to offer a better insight in to the same.
Moving Towards Efficient HSE Data Management System Using GIS Technology for Zakum Development Company (ZADCO)
Authors: Al-Hameedi Samar , Athmaram Jayaprakash 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
ZADCO's Health, Safety and Environment department has recently realized the challenges associated with managing large data volumes generated from various surveys, more specifically from environmental baseline surveys. To respond to this challenge, HSE with collaboration from the company's GIS applications section have initiated the use of Geographical Information technology to produce an effective HSE data management system, referred to as ECOGIS.
The primary objective of ECOGIS is to furnish a central database with defined standards in order to retrieve, manage and analyze geographically-related HSE data in a Web based GIS framework. ECOGIS is developed within the framework of a broader corporate GIS data management platform in ZADCO, referred to as iMAP (intelligent Mapping Application Package).
ECOGIS mainly incorporates environmental datasets as well as supplemental data layers for Health and Safety such as risk maps, noise level contours and so forth. Project data delivery guidelines have also been defined to provide to future survey contractors for a consistent data delivery. In addition to the creation and mapping of available HSE data and parameters, an Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) has been developed based on existing baseline data. The ESI serves as a necessary support tool to ZADCO's oil spill response team and as an input to the oil spill modeling application called OILMAP.
This initiative will effectively facilitate the resolution of the following problem areas associated with the data management system in the company: 1) varying data formats; 2) constraints in tracking, analyzing and interpreting data; and 3) systematic data storage and retrieval. This paper details the phases and considerations in developing the ECOGIS and ESI model and the potential it offers for further data analysis and interpretation. We also shed light on the methodologies used to develop the conceptual design of ECOGIS and the way forward for realizing the full functionality of the system.
Creating a Culture of Safety
Authors: Moussa Moustafa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A company or project's "Culture" is a culmination of individual beliefs and behaviors, and every person, from the CEO to the newest hire, has an impact on the culture that currently exists. This can be an opportunity or a continuing challenge because people, whether employee or contractor, will propagate the safety behaviors of their co-workers. One of the findings from a major industrial incident was "hazard training was largely passed down by experience from others. Sometimes this guidance was poor, perhaps due to an element of complacency…"
We constantly need to ask ourselves whose behaviors our people are adopting and are they the ones we want passed along.
There is a significant difference in a safety culture and a culture of safety. A safety culture simply describes the beliefs and behaviors demonstrated within an organization or during a project's lifetime. Therefore, a safety culture may be good, focused on reducing incidents and injuries, or it might be poor, tolerating at-risk behaviors that put people and the environment at unnecessary risk. A culture of safety is what we all want to achieve.
The petroleum sector has made significant strides towards improving workplace safety, as evidenced by the fact the industry's Lost Time Incident rate was over 14.0 in 1963 and stands at 0.37 at the end of 2009. Too often though, people still rely on ‘compliance with’ safety policies, procedures and equipment in everyday operations rather than a ‘belief in’ safety. In order to eliminate incidents safety must become a personal issue where each employee and contractor takes personal responsibility for choosing to follow the regulations, using the equipment properly and, most importantly, recognizing and reducing unnecessary at-risk behaviors.
This paper will explore the process of (1) assessing the organization's current culture, (2) aligning the steps necessary to lead change through the organization to support a culture of safety, (3) Application of the system to understand Primary Indicators and (4) communicating a clear, consistent vision enables companies to create a workplace in which employees take personal responsibility for recognizing and reducing at-risk behaviors. When safety becomes a part of the organization's personal beliefs and values, a culture of safety is created.
The Case For Competence
Authors: Moussa Moustafa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Several factors in today's oil and gas workforce are calling for a need for increased attention to training. Challenges including the workforce's age gap and the inherent rate of turnover and growth require a training approach that provides thorough, consistent, and efficient knowledge transfer.
Traditional training, either classroom or on the job, has been found lacking in ensuring competence. Competence is a standardized requirement to properly perform a specific job. It encompasses a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior utilized to improve performance. More generally, competence is the state or quality of being adequately or well qualified, having the ability to perform a specific role. In the past, competence was assumed with experience. Today, critical differences exist between knowledge and performance. Contractors, in particular, are asked to demonstrate or document the competence of their workforce.
The increased number of new and less experienced employees demands changing development methods. Training with an assumption of competence can lead to Poor safety performance;Poor safety performance;Poor operational performance;Decreased profitability; andLimited bid opportunities.
Simply put, the competence model is about RESULTS - utilizing the skills, knowledge, abilities, and appropriate behaviors providing results the organization requires.
A Competency Assurance Program utilizes clearly defined standards of performance, an assessment process conducted at the worksite, analysis to identify gaps and plans to address the gaps through coaching and training.
In defining standards, each position's core and specific competencies must be mapped to the tasks required by employees. In this phase, it is critical that competencies be developed with considerations of HSE, operational, and behavioral expectations.
The assessment process measures employee competence in meeting the standards, leading to the analysis of current competence and desired standard, identifying the gap.
Competitiveness of "Unconventional Energy" Based on Cost & Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Rana S.. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The paper analyzes the facts and data regarding competitiveness of renewable energy use based on economics and environmental factors, showing how the cost relationships could change in the future, which would result in more competitive overall cost of producing and distributing energy.
Environmental cost concerns support a major reduction of fossil fuels and substitution of favored "nonpolluting" energies. The energy industry nearly spends as much on environmental protection as it spends searching for new supplies; roughly $10 billion a year (U.S. DOE). So far, the penetration of renewable energies into market has been slow, providing about 10% of total U.S. electricity use, principally by their higher cost relative to fossil energy.
Wind and solar power are the two energy sources most favored to displace fossil fuels to help protect environment, thus reducing compliance cost. The costs of solar and wind power systems have dropped substantially in the past 3 decades and continue to decline. Wind costs have declined from around US$0.20 per kWh to US$0.05 per kWh in favorable locations. Solar thermal facilities are operating effectively in virtually any climate, from facilities in "resource deficient regions" to water heating in the US (saving upto 300,000 GWh yearly). An added benefit of renewable energy projects is significant local economic activity, especially to "resource deficient regions" of world. For example, ethanol production not only offsets million of oil barrels, the associated crop production helps to create over $10 billion annually for investment into agricultural sector, thus revitalizing rural areas. While looking at unconventional energy, the paper also compares sustainability of some low-cost advanced technologies, estimated to increase "tertiary oil recovery" by millions of barrels by 2015 and beyond using various enhanced oil recovery techniques.
It is estimated that by 2030, the renewable energy capital cost per KW would be reduced by 5 to 10 times of the recent costs. The emphasis is to demonstrate the competitiveness of unconventional energy based on cost equivalence data in terms of millions of barrels of oil saved and hence its sustainability comparing to "conventional" sources.
Initiating Young Professionals into the Culture of Safety
Authors: Aggour Tamir , McKissack Jerry 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper describes how recently graduated new hires in Saudi Aramco E&P are provided with an early induction to HSE as a critical component of their professional careers. All recently graduated new hires will participate in a 13-week program that prepares them to immediately contribute to their line organizations. The modules of the program cover several technical and nontechnical competencies, on-boarding young professionals to professional work in Saudi Aramco. This paper presents a review of the first module of the program, the "Safety First" week. The design, development and implementation of the course are presented, demonstrating how young professionals are engaged in this critical issue at an early stage of their careers. These efforts complement the corporate-wide initiatives and operations-specific certifications and training that professionals will regularly participate in.
By using concepts of instructional design, the program integrates HSE topics in a manner that will be engaging to the participants, with a focus on activity-based learning complemented by minimal classroom instruction. Participants in the program will understand the importance of HSE in the industry as a whole and in the context of each individual discipline, and understand the HSE-related behaviors and workflows required in their jobs. Participants will learn and apply proper HSE behaviors and tasks in both office and field environments.
The focus on HSE issues in the petroleum industry has evolved into a critical formal component of most workflows, permeating all stages of the exploration and producing life cycle. By weaving HSE into the early formal training for new hires in an engaging manner, Saudi Aramco is ensuring that upstream E&P young professionals enter the workforce with an appreciation of the importance of HSE that will stay with them throughout their careers.
Effective Tuberculosis Management in the Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Mika Frano , Martin Alison , Cox Rob 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease. TB can disrupt workflow, reduce productivity, increase health-care costs and result in the need to train new workers. The majority of TB cases occur in the working population; the oil and gas industry is particularly vulnerable to the impact of TB, due to the fact that many countries in which the industry operates are ‘high burden’ countries and that there is considerable movement of industry workers between regions.
This paper outlines basic strategies to manage TB in the workplace and is designed to assist managers and supervisors in oil industry facilities recognize the risks associatd with TB in the workforce, and to respond by putting in place plans and programs to manage the disease.
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The treatment of TB in the workplace is important, as untreated TB can lead to death; indeed, TB is the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease. In 2008, there were 9.4 million new TB cases and an estimated 1.3 million attributable deaths1 (Figure 1). TB can disrupt workflow, reduce productivity, increase health-care costs and result in the need to train new workers. The majority of TB cases occur in people between the ages of 15 and 54; hence it is the core of the working population that is most vulnerable.
The impact of TB on business is severe. Each year, TB is responsible for a reduction of around US$16 billion in the annual incomes of the world's poorest communities2. It is therefore essential for business to address the threat of TB, and act collectively to ensure the most effective and cost-efficient response. To this end, a number of roundtables, conferences and forums are held around the world every year to ensure that this approach is adopted by interested parties.
The emergence of HIV in the past quarter century has proved a challenge to global efforts to reduce the prevalence of TB. HIV is a strong risk factor for the development of TB, and as a result, TB has emerged as the most common HIV-associated opportunistic infection worldwide3.
Effective control of the disease in countries with a high incidence of TB will have a positive impact on the global situation, and will minimize the health consequences and cost burden to business, local governments and communities.
KOC Goes Live In HSE!
Authors: Abbas Ahmed , Mataqi Ismail Y , Mohiudddeen Mohd. K , Adivi Bala Siva 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The role of software and its applications in HSE field are immense. Kuwait Oil Company (KOC), one of the premier Oil &Gas companies in the Gulf region, gives top most commitment to HSE and considers Health, Safety and Environment as one of the key strategic objectives of its business strategy and number one priority in its endeavor towards sustainable development. Till 2008, KOC followed traditional paper based system in meeting various reporting requirements with respect of Health, Safety &Environment, which has its own disadvantages. Considering the e-age and its importance, KOC Management took historic decision in implementing customized software application in early 2009 which has grown up in meeting various aspects of HS&E in a span of just one year. With the strong Management Leadership and Commitment, KOC implemented ‘HSELive’, a customized software application, a Web Page Capture and Reporting tool for HS&E, which suits the company's HSE business requirements. This paper presents how the traditional paper based HSE reporting system has been taken over by ‘HSELive’ and the highlights. Being HSELive is an excellent HSE & Risk Management Tool, this paper also presents how this has helped the Management in taking quick decisions.
Diesel Engine Runaway Safety Risk in Hazardous Environments
Authors: Bhalla Jogen 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
There are many potential ignition sources in the petrochemical, refining and oil and gas drilling industry; such as hot work, internal combustion engines, improperly classified or maintained electrical equipment, lighting, and adjacent fired equipment. These are typically controlled via measures such as hot work permits for: -Welding/burning-Hot work or vehicle entry permit requirements to operate engines inside posted areas-Proper electrical classification along with programs to maintain it, and-Programs/practices to prevent/detect releases of flammable materials.
A large number of diesel engines (in vehicles, lighting towers, power generators and other equipment) are used in the petrochemical and oil and gas industry for their day-to-day operation. Diesel engine runaway is a serious hazard in oil and gas drilling and production and similar industries where flammable hydrocarbon emissions or leaks may occur. A runaway can be described as an engine running out of control on an external fuel source (i.e., the "fuel" in the air) where the operator cannot shut down the engine using conventional methods (i.e. turning off the engine ignition switch).
In a total runaway engine situation, the result can range from minor engine damage to engine explosion, causing catastrophic damage to the equipment and surrounding facilities and/or death or injuries to personnel such as BP Texas City refinery and BP Deepwater Horizon explosions. Fortunately, there is simple, inexpensive technology available which can prevent a diesel engine runaway. The paper is presented to increase awareness and lessons learned from many accidents involving runaway diesel engines.
The author will present what companies are doing around the world to avoid diesel engine runaway as an ignition source for explosions in the hydrocarbon industry.
An Industrial Hygiene Programme for BP Sharjah
Authors: Holderness Lucetta 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
When the framework for an Industrial Hygiene (IH) programme for BP Sharjah was devised, the key to its ultimate success was clear; local competence and capability would equal sustainable health risk management and business value. Whilst capability gaps in countries with limited local market options may have previously been filled by foreign nationals, a variation on this approach was devised to ensure local IH management continuity. The business embraced the opportunity not only to ensure that a risk based IH programme was developed and delivered, but that during the implementation, individuals within the region benefited from practical experience and mentorship alongside a structured IH training programme.