bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Nanoflex powder dressing for wound management following debridement for necrotising fasciitis in the diabetic foot
Authors: Fitzgerald Ryan H , Bharara Manish , Mills Joseph L , Armstrong David G 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the application of Nanoflex powder dressing for management of complex soft tissue wounds. A case report is presented detailing the management of a 43‐year‐old Native American woman with diabetes mellitus who required serial debridements for necrotising fasciitis. Following debridement, the patient was left with a large dorsal foot wound and was transitioned through multiple advanced wound healing modalities. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was initially utilised in the early postoperative setting to control drainage and to promote granulation tissue; the patient was subsequently transitioned to a Nanoflex powder dressing on postoperative day 4. She reported a decrease in pain associated with dressing changes when transitioned from NPWT to the use of Nanoflex powder dressing. We hypothesise that this pain reduction is the result of a light cooling effect of the exudate‐controlling dressing and subsequent reduction in inflammation as well as the total contact nature of the dressing. Nanoflex powder dressings are a recently developed advanced wound healing modality with promise in the management of complex soft tissue wounds, both as a primary wound dressing as well as a delivery platform for analgesics, antimicrobials and pro‐angiogenic compounds.
Perceived need for emergency medicine training in Pakistan: A survey of medical education leadership
Authors: Razzak Junaid A , Ahmed Adnan , Saleem Ali Faisal , Nasrullah Muazzam 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:  To assess the perception of leaders of the academic medical institutions regarding the need for specialty training in emergency medicine.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in all medical colleges of Pakistan in September 2005. Our sample included all academic leaders of recognized medical colleges in Pakistan. A questionnaire was designed and sent (mailed and faxed) to vice chancellors, deans, principals or medical directors of the institutions. Reminders were sent through faxes and emails wherever available, followed by phone calls if responses were not available after several attempts.Results:  At the time of study, there were 39 medical colleges recognized by Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. Of these, responses were received from 26 teaching institutions in the country. A majority of the respondents (85%) were not satisfied with the care provided in the ED of their primary teaching hospital, and three‐fourth (74%) thought that doctors specialized in other disciplines, like internal medicine and family medicine, cannot adequately manage all emergencies. When asked if Pakistan should have a separate residency training programme in emergency medicine, 96% responded in affirmative, and many (85%) thought that they will start a residency programme in emergency medicine if it was approved as a separate specialty.Conclusion:  This survey shows significant support for a separate local training programme for emergency medicine in the country.
Laryngoscope illumination grade does not influence time to successful manikin intubation
Authors: Moore Simone , Dwyer Donovan , Arendts Glenn 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Endotracheal intubation is an important, time‐critical, life‐saving emergency medicine procedure. Laryngoscope characteristics might influence time to successful intubation. The objective of the present study was to determine whether laryngoscope light of variable intensity would influence the length of time required to achieve successful endotracheal intubation.Methods:  An in vivo single‐blind prospective randomized cross‐over trial was conducted using a variable light source laryngoscope and three clinically plausible intensities of light – high (600 lux), medium (200 lux) and low (50 lux). Thirty‐six volunteer senior emergency medical staff repeatedly intubated two manikins three times each, based on one of six randomly assigned permutations of light intensity. The primary end‐point was time to successful intubation.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference in time to intubation versus light intensity for either manikin.Conclusion:  The intensity of laryngoscope light across a clinically plausible range does not affect time to intubation.
Periodic Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Patients With Moderate to Severe Chronic Myasthenia Gravis Non‐Responsive to Immunosuppressive Agents: An Eight Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Triantafyllou Nik I , Grapsa Eirini Ioannis , Kararizou Evangelia , Psimenou Erasmia , Lagguranis Antonios , Dimopoulos Athanasios 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFew patients with moderate or severe myasthenia gravis (MG) do not respond to immunosuppressive treatment. We present our experience with periodic therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), in 11 patients with MG resistant to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy, who had frequent relapses even whilst on high doses of immunosuppressive drugs, over a period of 8 years. All patients underwent TPE until control of their symptoms was achieved, and afterwards TPE sessions were continued periodically in an attempt to achieve remission of the disease, without immunosuppressant therapy. Two of the patients were progressively weaned off immunosuppressive agents, as well as TPE, and they are now symptom free. The other nine patients are still under a periodic TPE regime. Seven of them were weaned off all medications and required an average of 3.7 TPE sessions per year during the last 5 years. In the other two patients, those with the most severe form of the disease, the immunosuppressant dosage has been decreased and a TPE session every 2–3 weeks is required in order to control their symptoms. Through all these years TPE has been well tolerated and only minor side‐effects were observed in two patients. Finally, during this 8 year follow‐up period, nine of the patients treated with periodic TPE have been in good control of their symptoms over the last 5 years, and the other two patients live a normal life without any treatment in the last 3 years. Our results suggest that periodic TPE is safe and effective in the control of symptoms in patients with moderate to severe MG who do not respond to immunosuppressive therapies.
A Case Report of Efficiency of Double Filtration Plasmapheresis in Treatment of Goodpasture's Syndrome
Authors: Hajime Nagasu , Michiko Abe , Atsunori Kuwabara , Tatsuo Kawai , Yuko Nishi , Naoki Okuda , Katsuhiko Sakaguchi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGoodpasture's syndrome is characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, rapid progressive glomerulonephritis and the presence of anti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) antibodies. Here, we report a case of Goodpasture's syndrome that we treated with double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) combined with immunosuppression therapy. The patient was a 32‐year‐old man with the main complaints of low‐grade fever, general fatigue and dyspnea. The clinical diagnosis was renal‐pulmonary syndrome based on pulmonary hemorrhage on chest X‐ray, rapid progressive renal insufficiency, and elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP). Goodpasture's syndrome was diagnosed because the patient was negative for MPO‐ANCA and PR3‐ANCA, and positive for anti‐GBM antibodies. Renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis. Hemodialysis, immunosuppression therapy (methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide) and DFPP were performed. Anti‐GBM antibodies were followed pre‐ and post‐DFPP, and removal efficiency, cost performance and complications were evaluated. The antibody levels were 121 and 84 EU/mL before and after the first DFPP procedure, respectively, giving a removal efficiency of 24%. Subsequently, the removal efficiencies were 52%, 55% and 60% after the second, third and fourth DFPP procedures. For comparison, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) removal efficiencies were 53%, 57%, 60% and 55% after the four respective DFPP procedures; therefore, the removal efficiencies were similar for anti‐GBM antibodies and IgG in all except the first DFPP procedure. The serum anti‐GBM antibody and IgG concentrations decreased from pre‐ to post‐DFPP, indicating that DFPP may be an effective therapeutic approach in Goodpasture's syndrome.
The active galactic nuclei/starburst content in high-redshift ultraluminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Watabe Y. , Risaliti G. , Salvati M. , Nardini E. , Sani E. , Marconi A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We apply a simple model, tested on local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), to disentangle the active galactic nuclei (AGN) and starburst contributions in submillimetre and 24 εm-selected ULIRGs observed with the Spitzer–Infrared Spectrograph spectrometer. We quantitatively estimate the average AGN contribution to the stacked 6–8εm rest-frame spectra of these sources in different luminosity and redshift ranges and, under the assumption of similar infrared-to-bolometric ratios as in local ULIRGs, the relative AGN/starburst contributions to the total infrared luminosity. Though the starburst component is always dominant in submillimetre-selected ULIRGs, we find a significant increase of the AGN contribution at redshift z &gt; 2.3 with respect to lower z objects. Finally, we quantitatively confirm that the mid-infrared emission of 24 εm-selected ULIRGs is dominated by the AGN component, but the starburst component contributes significantly to the bolometric luminosity.
A new luminous variable in M33
Authors: Valeev A. F. , Sholukhova O. , Fabrika S. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We present a new luminous star in M33 located in the nuclear region. The star shows strong Feii and [Feii] forest, hydrogen emissions in the spectrum, as well as nebular lines. Tiii and Siii lines were detected in absorption, their radial velocity shifted by ≈−30kms−1 relative to emission lines. The star is variable over 7 yr with 0.5 mag variations over a year. We studied its spectral energy distribution together with five confirmed luminous blue variables (LBVs) and VarA in M33 using homogeneous data and methods. We found the star's bolometric luminosity to be logL/L⊙≈ 6.27, a surface temperature of T∼ 16000K and blackbody temperatures of two dust components of T∼ 900 and 420K. The new star has properties intermediate between the LBVs and VarA (probable cool hypergiant). At the same time, it has a hot photosphere, LBV-like luminosity and an extensive circumstellar material (strong [Caii] lines). In these seven luminous variables in M33, we find the total range of the hot component luminosities is 1.0 dex, but that of the dust components is 2.0 dex. We conclude that the dust phenomenon in the luminous variables is temporary and variable, and that the dust activity may follow strong eruptions.
The impact of thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars on hierarchical galaxy formation models
Authors: Tonini Chiara , Maraston Claudia , Devriendt Julien , Thomas Daniel , Silk Joseph 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The spectro-photometric properties of galaxies in galaxy formation models are obtained by combining the predicted history of star formation and mass accretion with the physics of stellar evolution through stellar population models. In the recent literature, significant differences have emerged regarding the implementation of the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch phase of stellar evolution. The emission in the TP-AGB phase dominates the bolometric and near-IR spectrum of intermediate-age (∼1Gyr) stellar populations, hence it is crucial for the correct modelling of the galaxy luminosities and colours. In this paper, for the first time, we incorporate a full prescription of the TP-AGB phase in a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We find that the inclusion of the TP-AGB in the model spectra dramatically alters the predicted colour–magnitude relation and its evolution with redshift. When the TP-AGB phase is active, the rest-frame V−K galaxy colours are redder by almost 2 mag in the redshift range z∼ 2–3 and by 1 mag at z∼ 1. Very red colours are produced in disc galaxies, so that the V−K colour distributions of disc and spheroids are virtually undistinguishable at low redshifts. We also find that the galaxy K-band emission is more than 1 mag higher in the range z∼ 1–3. This may alleviate the difficulties met by the hierarchical clustering scenario in predicting the red galaxy population at high redshifts. The comparison between simulations and observations has to be revisited in the light of our results.
Photoheating and supernova feedback amplify each other's effect on the cosmic star formation rate
Authors: Pawlik Andreas H. , Schaye Joop 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Photoheating associated with reionization and kinetic feedback from core-collapse supernovae have previously been shown to suppress the high-redshift cosmic star formation rate. Here, we investigate the interplay between photoheating and supernova feedback using a set of cosmological, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. We show that photoheating and supernova feedback mutually amplify each other's ability to suppress the star formation rate. Our results demonstrate the importance of the simultaneous, non-independent inclusion of these two processes in models of galaxy formation to estimate the strength of the total negative feedback they exert. They may therefore be of particular relevance to semi-analytic models in which the effects of photoheating and supernova feedback are implicitly assumed to act independently of each other.
On the origin of long gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Van Putten Maurice H. P. M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The HETE II and Swift discoveries of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with and without supernovae reveal a diversity in their astronomical origin with otherwise a common inner engine. The durations, spectral-energy correlations and light curves in gamma-rays are in remarkable agreement with viscous spin-down of stellar mass black holes against surrounding high-density matter, as may ensue in core collapse of massive stars and by tidal break-up of neutron stars in mergers with a companion black hole or another neutron star. While mergers produce a preceding positive chirp in gravitational-wave emissions, black hole spin-down produces a negative chirp in relaxation to a nearly Schwarzschild black hole, followed by quasi-normal mode ringing of the event horizon. Chirps hereby provide unambiguous identification of the origin of long GRBs.
Globalisation, Gentrification and Spatial Hierarchies in and beyond New South Wales: the Local/Global Nexus
Authors: ROFE MATTHEW W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPopular visions of globalisation envisage the collapse of physical space as a significant determinant in social relations. The rapid speed at which movements of capital and information occur are touted as evidence that the constraints of physical space are eroding. The emergence of a global network of persons referred to as the transnational elite further supports these popular perceptions. Characterised as highly educated professionals employed in globally aligned industries, the transnational elite seemingly construct their individual and group identities beyond the scale of the local. However, research undertaken in Newcastle and Sydney with gentrifiers actively constructing their ‘global personas’ problematise popular discourses of globalisation as contributing to the decline of space as fundamental to identity construction. As an emergent élite global community, the gentrifiers create complex cognitive maps of spatial desirability reinforcing the significance of specific places. Through this process, places are ranked according to their global significance forming complex spatial hierarchies. Consequently, some places are cast as global and hence desirable, while others are stigmatised as undesirable non‐global spaces.
Using Orthogonal Array Sampling to Cope with Uncertainty in Ground Water Problems
Authors: Baalousha Husam 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUncertainty in ground water hydrology originates from different sources. Neglecting uncertainty in ground water problems can lead to incorrect results and misleading output. Several approaches have been developed to cope with uncertainty in ground water problems. The most widely used methods in uncertainty analysis are Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), developed from MCS. Despite the simplicity of MCS, many runs are required to achieve a reliable result. This paper presents orthogonal array (OA) sampling as a means to cope with uncertainty in ground water problems. The method was applied to an analytical stream depletion problem. To examine the convergence rate of the OA sampling, the results were compared to MCS and LHS. This study shows that OA can be applied to ground water problems. Results reveal that the convergence rate of the OA sampling is faster than MCS and LHS, with a smaller error of estimate when applied to a stream depletion problem.
Influences of Aquifer Properties on Flow Dimensions in Dolomites
Authors: Verbovšek Timotej 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe paper focuses on analyses and correlations of flow dimensions in different dolomite aquifers in Slovenia. Flow dimensions are obtained through the reinterpretation of 72 pumping tests with the generalized radial flow model, based on the fractional flow dimension. The average value of flow dimensions is 2.16 for all dolomites. A study of flow dimensions in individual aquifers categorized according to their lithological properties shows that higher dimensions occur in massive late‐diagenetic Cordevolian and Anisian dolomites compared with bedded Main, Bača, and especially Lower Triassic dolomites, which contain a greater proportion of noncarbonate minerals. Partially penetrating wells have higher flow dimensions than fully penetrating wells. Flow dimensions are poorly correlated with hydraulic conductivities of fractures. When comparing the quantities of major dissolved minerals, obtained by hydrogeochemical inverse modeling, with the values of flow dimensions, the Cordevolian and Anisian dolomites are found to exhibit the highest values of both dissolved dolomite and flow dimensions, indicating that greater dissolution occurs at higher flow dimensions. For other aquifers, data points are more scattered and the correlation is mostly poor. When compared with three‐dimensional fractal dimensions of fracture networks, there is no correlation with flow dimensions. However, almost all the values of flow dimensions are lower than the corresponding fractal dimensions in dolomites (average D= 2.77), possibly indicating the channeling of flow within the available space of the fracture networks, consequently reducing the flow dimensions.
On Constraining Pilot Point Calibration with Regularization in PEST
Authors: Fienen Michael N. , Muffels Christopher T. , Hunt Randall J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGround water model calibration has made great advances in recent years with practical tools such as PEST being instrumental for making the latest techniques available to practitioners. As models and calibration tools get more sophisticated, however, the power of these tools can be misapplied, resulting in poor parameter estimates and/or nonoptimally calibrated models that do not suit their intended purpose. Here, we focus on an increasingly common technique for calibrating highly parameterized numerical models—pilot point parameterization with Tikhonov regularization. Pilot points are a popular method for spatially parameterizing complex hydrogeologic systems; however, additional flexibility offered by pilot points can become problematic if not constrained by Tikhonov regularization. The objective of this work is to explain and illustrate the specific roles played by control variables in the PEST software for Tikhonov regularization applied to pilot points. A recent study encountered difficulties implementing this approach, but through examination of that analysis, insight into underlying sources of potential misapplication can be gained and some guidelines for overcoming them developed.
Are the Australian poultry industries vulnerable to large outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza?
Authors: Hamilton SA , East IJ , Toribio J‐A , Garner MG 
Published: April 2009

Objective  To describe the structure of the Australian poultry industry and discuss the potential for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to spread between Australian poultry farms.Procedure  High densities of poultry farms, frequent contacts between farms by service providers, the supply of live poultry markets (LPM) and the presence of free‐range duck flocks in affected regions have been identified as risk factors for the spread of HPAI between flocks in outbreaks causing the death or destruction of over 1 million poultry overseas. Data on 1,594 commercial Australian chicken meat, chicken egg, duck and turkey farms were collected by a telephone questionnaire of farm managers to assess the risk of a HPAI outbreak in Australia.Results and Discussion  Five regions of Australia had farm densities comparable to overseas regions that experienced widespread HPAI. Common service providers routinely contacted different classes and types of farms over wide geographic areas. However, no responding farms supplied LPM and the majority of duck farms did not produce free‐range ducks.Conclusion  Outbreaks of HPAI have the potential to cause serious impacts on the Australian poultry industry. The risk posted by LPM and free‐range ducks is limited, but the movement of genetic stock and common service providers could spread infection between companies, industries or geographical regions. Biosecurity measures are therefore considered critical to limit the secondary spread of infection should an outbreak occur.
A Case–Sibling Assessment of the Association Between Skin Pigmentation and Other Vitamin D‐related Factors and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Cameron Fergus , Saffery Richard , Pezic Angela , Wong Nick , Craig Jeff , Ellis Justine , Dwyer Terence 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFair skin pigmentation has been associated with a higher risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim is to compare children with T1DM directly to a sibling in relation to their skin pigmentation in sun‐exposed and unexposed sites, past sun exposure and methylation of the VDR gene promoter. The sample consisted of children with T1DM attending a diabetes outpatient clinic and siblings (total n = 42). Cutaneous melanin density was estimated using a spectrophotometer. Parental report on past sun exposure was obtained. DNA methylation analysis of the VDR gene promoter was conducted. Matched data analysis was performed comparing each case directly to their sibling. Cases were significantly more likely to have lighter skin pigmentation at the upper arm (AOR 0.69 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.90]; P = 0.01). Low infant sun exposure was imprecisely associated with a two‐fold increase in T1DM risk (AOR 2.43 [95% CI: 0.91, 6.51]; P = 0.08 for under 1 h of winter sun exposure per leisure day). The VDR gene promoter was completely unmethylated in both cases and siblings. The previously demonstrated association between light skin pigmentation and T1DM risk was evident even in this comparison across sibling pairs. Further work on past UVR exposure and related factors such as skin pigmentation is required.