bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional bias for trauma‐film reminders: Towards a laboratory analogue for studying the role of attention in the persistence of intrusive memories
Authors: Verwoerd Johan , Wessel Ineke , de Jong Peter J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo experiments examined whether exposure to a trauma‐film induced an attentional bias (AB) for intrinsically neutral (visual) reminders of the film. In experiment 1, half of the participants (n = 33) completed a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task after presentation of a trauma film, whereas the other participants (n = 32) engaged in this task without prior film‐exposure. During the RSVP, participants were to detect neutral targets (rotated landscapes) in a stream of images that also included visual distracters consisting of stills depicting persons and objects that featured in the film as well as visual control distracters unrelated to the film. In line with predictions, participants who saw the film prior to the RSVP task showed a relatively strong deterioration of task performance when targets were preceded by film distracters. Results of a second experiment suggested that this AB could be best explained by an acquired motivational salience of the inherently neutral film reminders in the RSVP rather than by a mere familiarity effect. Thus, the current RSVP methodology seems to be a viable analogue method for studying AB after stressful or traumatic experiences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current directions at the juncture of clinical and cognitive science: A commentary on the special issue
Authors: MacLeod Colin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe 12 experimental papers presented in this special issue brilliantly illustrate the creative and exciting ways in which the exchange of theoretical concepts and experimental methodologies, between cognitive and clinical science, is serving both to deepen our understanding of psychopathology, and to identify new ways of potentially remediating such dysfunction. These papers are not only individually excellent, but collectively they communicate some of the major themes that are presently driving new developments within this rapidly evolving field. In this brief commentary, I reflect upon the contributions made by the current studies to these important themes. I also share some suggestions concerning how future work might profitably build upon this present research, to further enhance theoretical progress and enrich therapeutic innovation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling Electronic States and Transport Properties at the Level of Single Molecules
Authors: Pan Shuan , Zhao Aidi , Wang Bing , Yang Jinlong , Hou Jianguo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSince molecular electronics has been rapidly growing as a promising alternative to conventional electronics towards the ultimate miniaturization of electronic devices through the bottom‐up strategy, it has become a long‐term desire to understand and control the transport properties at the level of single molecules. In this Research News article it is shown that one may modify the electronic states of single molecules and thus control their transport properties through designing and fabrication of functional molecules or manipulating molecules with scanning tunneling microscopy. The rectifying effect of single molecules can be realized by designing a donor–barrier–acceptor architecture of Pyridine–σ–C60 molecules to achieve the Aviram–Ratner rectifier and by modifying electronic states through azafullerene C59N molecules. The effect of the negative differential resistances can be realized by appropriately matching the molecular orbital symmetries between a cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecule and a Ni electrode. The electronic states and transport properties of single molecules, such as CoPc and melamine molecules, can be altered through manipulation or modifying molecular structures, leading to functionalized molecular devices.
The association between effort–reward imbalance and coronary atherosclerosis in a Chinese sample
Authors: Xu Weixian , Zhao Yiming , Guo Lijun , Guo Yanhong , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies of job strain and coronary heart disease (CHD) have produced mixed findings. We aimed to examine the association between job stress evaluated by the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model and coronary atherosclerosis assessed by coronary angiography in a Chinese sample.MethodsThree‐hundred twenty participants accepting coronary angiography for the first time were enrolled in series. Job stressors were evaluated by the ERI model. The presence and severity of CHD were assessed by measuring the coronary artery stenosis (the presence of >50% luminal stenosis in one or more major coronary arteries). The association between job stressors and CHD was examined by multivariate analysis.ResultsCompared with the low‐level group, high‐level effort, overcommitment, and ERI increased CHD risk with odds ratio (OR) 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–5.0), 2.5 (95% CI: 1.2–5.0), 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2–4.9), respectively, after adjustment for confounders. They were also significantly positively correlated with the complexity of coronary artery lesions, respectively. Dose–response relationships were observed.ConclusionsERI was associated with coronary artery lesions in a sample of Chinese workers. Longitudinal research and interventional designs are needed to confirm the mechanism and to provide evidence for the prevention of CHD. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:655–661, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on agreement between self‐reports and expert exposure assessments
Authors: Sembajwe Grace , Quinn Margaret , Kriebel David , Stoddard Anne , Krieger Nancy , Barbeau Elizabeth 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundOften in exposure assessment for epidemiology, there are no highly accurate exposure data and different measurement methods are considered. The objective of this study was to use various statistical techniques to explore agreement between individual reports and expert ratings of workplace exposures in several industries and investigate the sociodemographic influences on this agreement.MethodsA cohort of 1,282 employees at 4 industries/14 worksites answered questions on workplace physical, chemical, and psychosocial exposures over the past 12 months. Occupational hygienists constructed job exposure matrices (JEMs) based on worksite walkthrough exposure evaluations. Worker self‐reports were compared with the JEMs using multivariable analyses to explore discord.ResultsThere was poor agreement between the self‐reported and expert exposure assessments, but there was evidence that agreement was modified by sociodemographic characteristics. Several characteristics including gender, age, race/ethnicity, hourly wage and nativity strongly affected the degree of discord between self‐reports and expert raters across a wide array of different exposures.ConclusionsAgreement between exposure assessment tools may be affected by sociodemographic characteristics. This study is cross‐sectional and therefore, a snapshot of potential exposures in the workplace. Nevertheless, future studies should take into account the social contexts within which workplace exposures occur. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1019–1031, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association of alcohol dependence with HOMER 1 and 2 genetic variants
Authors: Preuss U.W. , Ridinger M. , Rujescu D. , Fehr C. , Koller G. , Wodarz N. , Bondy B. , Soyka M. , Wong W.M. , Zill P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate that alterations of the central cortico‐accumbens glutamate pathway are involved in the development and maintenance of alcohol‐ and substance‐use disorders. The HOMER protein family is encoded by 3 genes HOMER (1–3) which are components of the excitatory postsynaptic density complex and function to modulate synaptic activity by the regulation of glutamate signaling. HOMER 1 and 2 have been reported to contribute to chronic alcohol‐induced long‐term neurochemical changes in the endogenous reward system. Data from animal models suggest a potential role of the Homer protein family in the development of alcohol and substance use. The aim of this study is to assess potential associations between HOMER 1 and 2 genetic variants in a larger sample of alcohol‐dependent individuals and unrelated controls. Five genetic variants of HOMER 1 and 3 of HOMER 2 were genotyped in a multi‐site sample of 1,923 German healthy controls and 2,039 alcohol‐dependent subjects. Neither single SNP nor haplotype analysis could detect significant associations with alcohol dependence (AD) and related phenotypes. While most of the HOMER 1 and 2 SNPs are in low‐to‐moderate linkage disequilibrium, three major haplotypes of HOMER 1 and 4 haplotypes of HOMER 2 are present in the majority of alcohol‐dependent and control subjects. In conclusion, our results suggest that single SNPs, respectively, haplotypes of the HOMER 1 and 2 genes are unlikely to play a major role in the pathophysiology of AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal flora of the wild pygmy loris
Authors: Bo Xu , Zun‐xi Huang , Xiao‐yan Wang , Run‐chi Gao , Xiang‐hua Tang , Yue‐lin Mu , Yun‐Juan Yang , Hui Shi , Li‐da Zhu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe bacterial diversity in fecal samples from the wild pygmy loris was examined with a 16S rDNA clone library and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The clones were classified as Firmicutes (43.1%), Proteobacteria (34.5%), Actinobacteria (5.2%), and Bacteroidetes (17.2%). The 58 different kinds of 16S rDNA sequences were classified into 16 genera and 20 uncultured bacteria. According to phylogenetic analysis, the major genera within the Proteobacteria was Pseudomonas, comprising 13.79% of the analyzed clone sequences. Many of the isolated rDNA sequences did not correspond to known microorganisms, but had high homology to uncultured clones found in human feces. Am. J. Primatol. 72:699–706, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic structure of native circumpolar populations based on autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosome DNA markers
Authors: Rubicz Rohina , Melton Phillip E. , Spitsyn Victor , Sun Guangyun , Deka Ranjan , Crawford Michael H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the genetic structure of the present‐day inhabitants of Beringia in order to answer questions concerning their origins and evolution. According to recent studies, the ancestors of Native Americans paused for a time in Beringia, during which they differentiated genetically from other Asians before peopling the New World. Furthermore, the Koryaks of Kamchatka share a “ubiquitous” allele (D9S1120) with Native Americans, indicating they may have descended from the same ancestral Beringian population that gave rise to the New World founders. Our results show that a genetic barrier exists between Kamchatkans (Koryaks and Even) and Bering Island inhabitants (Aleuts, mixed Aleuts, and Russians), based on Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and structure analysis of nine autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). This is supported by mitochondrial DNA evidence, but not by analysis of Y chromosome markers, as recent non‐native male admixture into the region appears to have partially obscured ancient population relationships. Our study indicates that while Aleuts are descended from the original New World founders, the Koryaks are unlikely to represent a Beringian remnant of the ancestral population that gave rise to Native Americans. They are instead, like the Even, more recent arrivals to Kamchatka from interior Siberia, and the “ubiquitous” allele in Koryaks may result from recent gene flow from Chukotka. Genbank accession numbers for mtDNA sequences: GQ922935‐GQ922973. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:62–74, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton exchange membranes for a direct methanol fuel cell based on sulfonated styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene/polyvinylidene fluoride blends
Authors: Seeponkai N. , Wootthikanokkhan J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProton‐conducting membranes for a direct methanol fuel cell, based on styrene‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), have been developed. First, the partially sulfonated SEBS with a variety of degrees of substitution was prepared by reacting the SEBS with propionyl sulfate. Then, the sulfonated SEBS was blended with PVDF at various blending ratios and fabricated by using a solution casting technique. The water uptake, proton conductivities, methanol permeabilities, and mechanical properties of the blend membranes were measured by using gravimetry, impedance analysis, gas chromatography, and tensile test, respectively. It was found that water uptake of the blend membranes increased with the sulfonated SEBS content, at the expense of their methanol resistance. The proton conductivity of the blend membranes, however, did not change linearly with the sulfonated SEBS content. This was related to poor compatibility between the two polymers in the blend membranes. However, by adding 5 wt % of poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer, compatibility, proton conductivity, and methanol resistance of the blend membrane increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Agrofillers in polypropylene composites: A relationship between the density and the mechanical properties
Authors: Moresco Mauro , Rosa Simone Maria Leal , Santos Evelise Fonseca , Nachtigall Sônia Marlí Bohrz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOne of the most interesting properties of agrofilled polymer composites is their light weight. Polypropylene composites containing six different agrofillers were prepared in a mixer, and their properties were examined in terms of the density of the fillers and composites. The densities of the composites increased with the level of filler but did not show a direct relationship with the density of the fillers used. This probably happened because of the different degrees of filler densification during processing. The composites showed decreased tensile strength and increased elastic modulus with filler loads, and the specific mechanical properties showed similar trends. However, the addition of maleated polypropylene improved the tensile strength and decreased the density; this improved the specific properties of the composites filled with cane, wood, and bamboo. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Hydroxyl‐terminated poly(urethane acrylate) as a soft liner in dental applications: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Keskin Selda , Usanmaz Ali 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated poly(urethane acrylate)s were synthesized for use in biomedical applications. Acrylate end capping via an interesterification reaction was successfully achieved with methacryloyl chloride addition to the hydroxyl ends of the polyurethane at low temperatures. 2,4‐Toluene diisocyanate, 1,6‐hexane diisocyanate, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate were used as diisocyanates for urethane synthesis, and they were end‐capped with methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The nature of the monomers that we used had an effect on the thermal and morphological properties that were interpreted in terms of the level of hydrogen bonding and the degree of phase separation. The synthesized polymers were characterized by NMR, Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The number‐average molecular weights of the poly(urethane acrylate)s were 2500–6000 g/mol. To use the polymer as a soft‐liner material in denture applications, the residual isocyanate should not exist. In this study, we showed that a prepolymer without residual isocyanate could be synthesized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of curable methacrylate‐based monomers
Authors: Ghaemy Mousa , Bekhradnia Sara 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of new methacrylate‐based, curable macromonomers, 4,4′‐bis[2‐hydroxy‐3‐aminopropylmethacrylate] diphenyl ether (BHAPE) and 4,4′‐bis[2‐hydroxy‐3‐aminopropylmethacrylate] diphenyl methane (BHAPM), is reported. BHAPE and BHAPM were prepared by the reaction of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane, respectively. The progress of the reaction was monitored by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), and the structure of the monomers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Thermal curing of the monomers was conducted in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) with peroxide as the initiator. Thermal curing of the monomers showed the highest rate at 100°C with the activation energy value in the range 80–90 kJ distilled/mol. The water absorption properties of the cured samples in water, acidic, and basic solutions were studied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Search behavior of media professionals at an audiovisual archive: A transaction log analysis
Authors: Huurnink Bouke , Hollink Laura , van den Heuvel Wietske , de Rijke Maarten 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFinding audiovisual material for reuse in new programs is an important activity for news producers, documentary makers, and other media professionals. Such professionals are typically served by an audiovisual broadcast archive. We report on a study of the transaction logs of one such archive. The analysis includes an investigation of commercial orders made by the media professionals and a characterization of sessions, queries, and the content of terms recorded in the logs. One of our key findings is that there is a strong demand for short pieces of audiovisual material in the archive. In addition, while searchers are generally able to quickly navigate to a usable audiovisual broadcast, it takes them longer to place an order when purchasing a subsection of a broadcast than when purchasing an entire broadcast. Another key finding is that queries predominantly consist of (parts of) broadcast titles and of proper names. Our observations imply that it may be beneficial to increase support for fine‐grained access to audiovisual material, for example, through manual segmentation or content‐based analysis.
Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: A review of compositional characteristics
Authors: Sannigrahi Poulomi , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Tuskan Gerald A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe growing demand for transportation fuels, along with concerns about the harmful effects of greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, has assured a viable future for the development of alternative fuels from renewable resources, such as lignocellulosic biomass. The efficient utilization of these biomass resources is critically dependant on the in‐depth knowledge of their chemical constituents. This, together with the desired fuel properties, helps tailor the chemical and/or enzymatic processes involved in converting biomass to biofuels. Hybrid poplars are among the fastest growing temperate trees in the world and a very promising feedstock for biofuels and other value‐added products. Sequencing of the poplar genome has paved the way for tailoring new cultivars and clones optimized for biofuels production. Our objective is to review published research on the composition of the key chemical constituents of hybrid poplar species used for biofuels. Biomass yields, elemental composition, carbohydrate and lignin content and composition are some of the characteristics reviewed, with emphasis on lignin structure. Genetic modifications used to alter lignin content and composition, with the aim of improving biofuels yields, are also examined. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Elevated glucose induces congenital heart defects by altering the expression of tbx5, tbx20, and has2 in developing zebrafish embryos
Authors: Liang Jintao , Gui Yonghao , Wang Wei , Gao Shan , Li Jing , Song Houyan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Maternal diabetes increases the risk of congenital heart defects in infants, and hyperglycemia acts as a major teratogen. Multiple steps of cardiac development, including endocardial cushion morphogenesis and development of neural crest cells, are challenged under elevated glucose conditions. However, the direct effect of hyperglycemia on embryo heart organogenesis remains to be investigated.METHODS:Zebrafish embryos in different stages were exposed to D‐glucose for 12 or 24 hr to determine the sensitive window during early heart development. In the subsequent study, 6 hr post‐fertilization embryos were treated with either 25 mmol/liter D‐glucose or L‐glucose for 24 hr. The expression of genes was analyzed by whole‐mount in situ hybridization.RESULTS:The highest incidence of cardiac malformations was found during 6–30 hpf exposure periods. After 24 hr exposure, D‐glucose–treated embryos exhibited significant developmental delay and diverse cardiac malformations, but embryos exposed to L‐glucose showed no apparent phenotype. Further investigation of the origin of heart defects showed that cardiac looping was affected earliest, while the specification of cardiac progenitors and heart tube assembly were complete. Moreover, the expression patterns of tbx5, tbx20, and has2 were altered in the defective hearts.CONCLUSIONS:Our data demonstrate that elevated glucose alone induces cardiac defects in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression pattern of tbx5, tbx20, and has2 in the heart. We also show the first evidence that cardiac looping is affected earliest during heart organogenesis. These research results are important for devising preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the occurrence of congenital heart defects in diabetic pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A possible association of periodontal infectious diseases in pregnant women with isolated orofacial clefts in their children: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Bánhidy Ferenc , Ács Nándor , Puhó Erzsébet H. , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to check the association of maternal periodontal infectious disease (MPID) during pregnancy and the possible risk for birth outcomes, mainly structural birth defects: congenital abnormalities (CAs) in their children.METHODS:The population‐based data set of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996, was evaluated. The occurrence of medically recorded MPID in the prenatal maternity logbook was compared in 22,843 cases with different CAs and 38,151 matched controls without defects.RESULTS:Twenty‐one case mothers who had offspring with a CA (case group) and 17 pregnant women who delivered newborn infants without a CA (control group) had an MPID. However, of 21 cases, 6 had isolated cleft lip ± palate (OR with 95% CI: 10.7, 4.2–27.3), and 2 were affected with isolated cleft palate (7.9, 1.8–34.2). Of these 8 cases, 6 had mothers with the exposure of MPID in the critical period of these orofacial clefts, 7 mothers were visited at home, and 6 were smokers during pregnancy.CONCLUSIONS:The unexpected findings of the study showed a strong association of MPID during pregnancy with a higher risk of isolated orofacial clefts in their children. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.