bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity and pancreatic cancer: Overview of epidemiologic evidence and biologic mechanisms
Authors: Bracci Paige M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the United States, pancreatic cancer is characterized by a low 5‐yr survival rate of approximately 6%, fewer than 10% of patients diagnosed with localized disease and thus candidates for “curative” surgical resection, increasing incidence and few established risk factors. Similar statistics are observed for other industrialized nations. With new evidence to suggest that pancreatic cancer develops over a number of years, markers that can better identify high risk patients and are applicable to earlier diagnosis hold promise for improving these dire statistics. Obesity is one of the few modifiable risk factors that has been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer and also is related to increased risk of diabetes, a condition that in turn has been associated with pancreatic cancer development. Given recent data that nearly 70% of United States adults are overweight or obese, a clarification of the complex association between obesity and pancreatic cancer may disclose targets for prevention and intervention to decrease incidence and improve prognosis of this highly fatal disease. An overview of the current epidemiology and hypothesized biological mechanisms involved in the obesity‐pancreatic cancer association are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pancreatic cancer: Helicobacter pylori colonization, N‐Nitrosamine exposures, and ABO blood group
Authors: Risch Harvey A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThirty years of research with animal models has shown that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is induced by N‐nitrosamine carcinogens, which damage DNA through adduct formation. Human risk factors for pancreatic cancer include gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori, as well as dietary intake of those same N‐nitrosamines or of nitrite which forms those N‐nitrosamines in the stomach, and cigarette smoking which also contains those N‐nitrosamines. Physiologic actions of H. pylori colonization enhance the carcinogenic effect of N‐nitrosamines delivered by smoking or dietary sources. This effect is modulated by host inflammatory response to the organism, by various virulence and other properties of the Helicobacter itself, and by host‐organism interactions. A recent genome‐wide association study identified SNPs within the ABO 9q34 locus as statistically significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. A number of recent and older studies going back 40 yr also support the ABO association. ABO‐product antigens are expressed on gastrointestinal epithelium on which H. pylori binds, and ABO genotype is known to be associated with risks of duodenal and gastric ulcer and with risk of gastric cancer, conditions definitively related to Helicobacter colonization. We suspect that ABO genotype/phenotype status influences the behavior of H. pylori which in turn affects gastric and pancreatic secretory function, and these ultimately influence the pancreatic carcinogenicity of dietary‐ and smoking‐related N‐nitrosamine exposures, and thus risk of pancreatic cancer. Our study results on the interaction of ABO and H. pylori significantly confirm this hypothesis and together with other existing studies strongly implicate this organism in the disease etiology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear GRAPPA: A kernel approach to parallel MRI reconstruction
Authors: Chang Yuchou , Liang Dong , Ying Leslie 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGRAPPA linearly combines the undersampled k‐space signals to estimate the missing k‐space signals where the coefficients are obtained by fitting to some auto‐calibration signals (ACS) sampled with Nyquist rate based on the shift‐invariant property. At high acceleration factors, GRAPPA reconstruction can suffer from a high level of noise even with a large number of auto‐calibration signals. In this work, we propose a nonlinear method to improve GRAPPA. The method is based on the so‐called kernel method which is widely used in machine learning. Specifically, the undersampled k‐space signals are mapped through a nonlinear transform to a high‐dimensional feature space, and then linearly combined to reconstruct the missing k‐space data. The linear combination coefficients are also obtained through fitting to the ACS data but in the new feature space. The procedure is equivalent to adding many virtual channels in reconstruction. A polynomial kernel with explicit mapping functions is investigated in this work. Experimental results using phantom and in vivo data demonstrate that the proposed nonlinear GRAPPA method can significantly improve the reconstruction quality over GRAPPA and its state‐of‐the‐art derivatives. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interventional loopless antenna at 7 T
Authors: Ertürk Mehmet Arcan , El‐Sharkawy AbdEl‐Monem M. , Bottomley Paul A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe loopless antenna magnetic resonance imaging detector is comprised of a tuned coaxial cable with an extended central conductor that can be fabricated at submillimeter diameters for interventional use in guidewires, catheters, or needles. Prior work up to 4.7 T suggests a near‐quadratic gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio with field strength and safe operation at 3 T. Here, for the first time, the signal‐to‐noise ratio performance and radiofrequency safety of the loopless antenna are investigated both theoretically, using the electromagnetic method‐of‐moments, and experimentally in a standard 7 T human scanner. The results are compared with equivalent 3 T devices. An absolute signal‐to‐noise ratio gain of 5.7 ± 1.5‐fold was realized at 7 T vs. 3 T: more than 20‐fold higher than at 1.5 T. The effective field‐of‐view area also increased approximately 10‐fold compared with 3 T. Testing in a saline gel phantom suggested that safe operation is possible with maximum local 1‐g average specific absorption rates of <12 W kg−1 and temperature increases of <1.9°C, normalized to a 4 W kg−1 radiofrequency field exposure at 7 T. The antenna did not affect the power applied to the scanner's transmit coil. The signal‐to‐noise ratio gain enabled magnetic resonance imaging microscopy at 40–50 μm resolution in diseased human arterial specimens, offering the potential of high‐resolution large‐field‐of‐view or endoscopic magnetic resonance imaging for targeted intervention in focal disease. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multislice 1H MRSI of the human brain at 7 T using dynamic B0 and B1 shimming
Authors: Boer Vincent O. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Juchem Christoph , Luijten Peter R. , de Graaf Robin A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProton MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at ultra‐high field (≥7 T) is challenging due to increased radio frequency power deposition, increased magnetic field B0 inhomogeneity, and increased radio frequency magnetic field inhomogeneity. In addition, especially for multislice sequences, these effects directly inhibit the potential gains of higher magnetic field and can even cause a reduction in data quality. However, recent developments in dynamic B0 magnetic field shimming and dynamic multitransmit radio frequency control allow for new acquisition strategies. Therefore, in this work, slice‐by‐slice B0 and B1 shimming was developed to optimize both B0 magnetic field homogeneity and nutation angle over a large portion of the brain. Together with a low‐power water and lipid suppression sequence and pulse‐acquire spectroscopic imaging, a multislice MR spectroscopic imaging sequence is shown to be feasible at 7 T. This now allows for multislice metabolic imaging of the human brain with high sensitivity and high chemical shift resolution at ultra‐high field. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk tolerance criteria for layers of protection analysis
Authors: Baybutt Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLayers of protection analysis (LOPA) facilitates risk‐informed decision making by allowing comparison of risk estimates with risk tolerance criteria to determine if the risk is tolerable. Various types of risk criteria exist, and it is essential that LOPA practitioners match the type of risks calculated with the type of criteria used to ensure that valid comparisons are made and sound decisions are taken. A common error is to use individual risk criteria but calculate societal risk measures, which can lead to more stringent risk reduction measures than needed. Correct use of risk tolerance criteria is especially important when LOPA is used to determine safety integrity levels for safety instrumented functions to comply with industry standards for safety instrumented systems when critical decisions on process safety are made. This article describes the type of risk criteria that should be used with LOPA and contrasts risk measures calculated with LOPA and quantitative risk analysis. The concept of a representative receptor is introduced to allow the calculation of individual risk measures as well as societal risk measures. © 2011 American Institute of
Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Long‐term foliar persistence and efficacy of spinosad against beet armyworm under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Sántis Erika L , Hernández Luis A , Martínez Ana M , Campos Jesús , Figueroa José I , Lobit Philippe , Chavarrieta Juan M , Viñuela Elisa , Smagghe Guy , Pineda Samuel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The immediate lethality caused by spinosad has been widely studied on Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). However, long‐term effects can also provide valuable information on insecticide toxic action. Here, the persistence of spinosad on Capsicum annuum L. foliage and the lethal and sublethal effects of greenhouse‐aged foliar residues of this insecticide on third instars of S. exigua are reported.RESULTS: Foliage was collected at 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after application, and spinosad residues were measured. Residues decreased over time according to first‐order kinetics. The average rate constant and half‐life of disappearance were 4.44 × 10−3 and 156 days and 5.80 × 10−3 and 120 days for 60 and 120 mg L−1 respectively. Larval mortality gradually decreased, corresponding to the residues, but was still appreciable (35 and 65% for 60 and 120 mg L−1 respectively) when the larvae were fed with foliage collected 50 days after treatment. Subsequently, pupal development was reduced and varied between 20 and 60% and between 21 and 41% for 60 and 120 mg L−1, respectively, in all ages of leaf residues that were bioassayed. At all time points, the consumption rate by the larvae was reduced between 62 and 84% for both concentrations that were bioassayed.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that, under the present greenhouse conditions, the degradation of spinosad was slower than that reported by other authors in the field, and, because of that, its residues could cause lethal and sublethal effects to S. exigua larvae. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth of InN quantum dots by droplet epitaxy and their characterization
Authors: Krishnamurthy D. , Hasegawa S. , Tawil S. N. M. , Emura S. , Asahi H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDroplet epitaxy (DE) of InN quantum dots (QDs) on GaN templates using radio frequency plasma‐assisted MBE system has been reported. Two different methods of DE technique, by varying the nitridation and annealing sequence, have been employed. The various growth parameters were systematically optimized to grow non‐coalesced InN QDs without any uncrystallized In droplets. Dimensions of the QDs grown by employing the sequence of prolonged nitridation at the droplet formation temperature itself followed by annealing were found to be comparatively smaller. The differences in the crystallization of the QDs by the two methods are discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation of A1(LO), E2(high) and B1(high) phonon modes in Inx Ga1–xN alloys with x = 0.11–0.54
Authors: Kim J. G. , Kamei Y. , Kimura A. , Hasuike N. , Harima H. , Kisoda K. , Hotta T. , Sasamoto K. , Yamamoto A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhonon spectra of A1(LO), E2(high) and B1(high) modes were observed in a series of hexagonal Inx Ga1–xN alloy films (x = 0.11–0.54) by Raman scattering using a deep‐UV laser at 266 nm for excitation. The A1(LO) and E2(high) modes both showed one‐mode type variation with x. The B1(high) mode, which is Raman‐forbidden in ideal binary wurtzite compounds, has been first observed in Inx Ga1–xN alloy in a clear manner. Its frequency variation is in line with a theoretical prediction of one‐mode type behavior. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, magnetic and optical studies of ultrathin GaGdN/AlGaN multiquantum well structure
Authors: Almokhtar Mohamed , Emura Shuichi , Zhou Yi Kai , Hasegawa Shigehiko , Asahi Hajime 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGaN/Al0.12Ga0.88N and Ga0.99Gd0.01N/Al0.12Ga0.88N multi‐quantum well samples with the quantum well thickness of one nm were grown by a radio‐frequency plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy on GaN (0001) templates. The epitaxial growth is established in the grown samples. Gd doped multi‐quantum well samples show magnetic behaviour at room temperature. Photoluminescence measurements show a strong photoluminescence at the higher energy side of GaN excitonic peak for the GaN multi‐quantum wells. A new luminescence peak at 3.598 eV was found for Gd doped GaN multi‐quantum wells. This photoluminescence peak is attributed to the formation of an exciton–polaron in the distorted regions around the Gd dopants in GaN multi‐quantum wells. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Size effect on efficiency droop of blue light emitting diode
Authors: Tao Y. B. , Wang S. Y. , Chen Z. Z. , Gong Z. , Xie E. Y. , Chen Y. J. , Zhang Y. F. , McKendry J. , Massoubre D. , Gu E. D. , Rae B. R. , Henderson R. K. , Zhang G. Y. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the size effects on the efficiency droop (ED) in blue InGaN/GaN quantum well light emitting diode are investigated. The smaller size LEDs can work well under much higher power density, especially when the size is reduced to under 40 micro‐meters. It shows a weaker ED in these small LEDs. Time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements show a longer electroluminescence lifetime for smaller size LEDs, which implicates the nonradiative recombination is reduced. It is likely due to Aguer recombination reduction by quantum well (QW) band flatened with the device size decreasing. Cathodoluminescence results indicates that the strain in QWs is relaxed both in the whole pillar and along radial direction of the pillar. The better performance of the smaller size LED is likely attributed to strain relaxation (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of sputter power and N2 gas flow ratio on crystalline quality of AlN layers deposited at 823 K by RF reactive sputtering
Authors: Kumada Tomoyuki , Ohtsuka Makoto , Takada Kazuya , Fukuyama Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) is increasingly demanded for use as a substrate for ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV‐LEDs). A previous study investigated the influence of sputter conditions on the crystalline quality of AlN layers sputtered on nitrided sapphire substrate at 573 and 773 K using radio‐frequency (RF) reactive sputtering. AlN layers were deposited at a higher substrate temperature of 823 K to investigate the influence of sputter power and N2 gas flow ratio on their crystalline quality in this study. The AlN layers were deposited in various conditions (sputter power, 200–900 W; N2 gas flow ratio, 30–70 vol%N2). The growth rate increased concomitantly with increasing sputter power and decreasing N2 gas flow ratio. The crystalline orientation improved with increasing sputter power, except for 900 W at 50 vol%N2. High‐quality c‐axis oriented AlN layers were sputtered with 700 W at 50 vol%N2, and with 800 W at 40 and 50 vol%N2. Results showed that edge dislocation was dominant in AlN layers sputtered with 800 W at 50 vol%N2 from cross‐sectional images observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of current seismic design equations for nonstructural components in tall buildings using strong motion records
Authors: Fathali Saeed , Lizundia Bret 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYA recently completed California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) data interpretation project used recorded ground and floor motion data to evaluate a key ASCE/SEI 7‐05 (and 7‐10) equation for seismic design of acceleration‐sensitive building nonstructural components. CSMIP motions from 73 earthquakes recorded in 151 fixed‐base buildings were used in the evaluation. An improved equation was developed with two categories of revisions. First, the current code formula considers a linear relationship between the peak floor acceleration (PFA) and the relative height of the component in the building with a roof PFA that is three times that of the peak ground acceleration. The analyses of the recorded motions showed that improved results could be obtained by using a nonlinear relationship and by considering both the building approximate period, Ta, and the level of ground motion. Second, the code formula considers a component amplification factor, ap, that takes values between 1.0 and 2.5 depending on the flexibility of the nonstructural component. Analyses showed that component amplification factor can be better represented using a three‐segment spectrum composed of a linear rise from 1.0 to maximum value of ap at short periods, a flat segment with the maximum value of ap at medium‐range periods and a nonlinear decaying segment at longer periods. The shape and amplitude of the spectrum were found to vary depending on Ta. This paper evaluates tall buildings with at least 15 stories using the proposed equations and confirms that the revisions provide improvements in matching design equations with recorded response. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Getting to a better ‘PLACE’: helping patients counter obesity by achieving enduring lifestyle change
Authors: Kirby Roger , Kirby Michael , Amoroso Peter , Challacombe Ben , Dasgupta Prokar , Carson Culley , Fitzpatrick John M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the domain of public health, common sense is not always common practice. How best then to enable patients to act on the advice that they have constantly heard, but find hard to actually carry out? Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Uncorking gastrulation: the morphogenetic movement of bottle cells
Authors: Lee Jen‐Yi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBottle cell‐driven blastopore lip formation externally marks the initiation of gastrulation in amphibian embryos. The blastopore groove is formed when bottle cells undergo apical constriction and transform from cuboidal to flask‐shaped. Apical constriction is sufficient to cause invagination and is a highly conserved mechanism for sheet bending and folding during morphogenesis; therefore, studying apical constriction in Xenopus bottle cells could provide valuable insight into this fundamental shape change. Initially described over a century ago, the dramatic shape change that occurs in bottle cells has long captured the imaginations of embryologists. However, only recently have investigators begun to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bottle cell apical constriction. Bottle cell apical constriction is driven by actomyosin contractility as well as by endocytosis of the apical membrane. The Nodal signaling pathway, Wnt5a, and Lgl1 are all required for bottle cell formation, but how they induce subcellular changes resulting in apical constriction remains to be elucidated. Xenopus bottle cells now represent an excellent vertebrate system for the dissection of how molecular inputs can drive cellular outputs, specifically the cell shape change of apical constriction. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:286–293. doi: 10.1002/wdev.19This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Solubility Differences of Major Storage Proteins of Brassicaceae Oilseeds
Authors: Wanasundara Janitha P. D. , Abeysekara Sujeema J. , McIntosh Tara C. , Falk Kevin C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSeeds of six commercially produced Brassica juncea, Brassica napus and Sinapis alba varieties representing high‐glucosinolate condiment‐type and low‐glucosinolate canola‐type were studied for solubility characteristics of the predominant seed storage proteins (SSPs). The non‐protein nitrogen components such as glucosinolates, nucleic acids, betaine, choline and sinapine contributed 3.1–5.2% and 7.9–10.8% for the total N content of low‐ and high‐glucosinolate meals, respectively. The cruciferin and napin which are the predominant SSPs of crucifers were purified from these seeds and used to confirm soluble protein types under the conditions provided. The napins were soluble between pH 2 and 4 but not the cruciferins. Strong alkaline pH brought both cruciferin and napin into solution. In general, the SSP solubility was increased due to the presence of NaCl or CaCl2 salts in the medium. The effect of CaCl2 on solubility was more positive than NaCl for all the seed types except S. alba at neutral and alkaline pH. Presence of salts indeed reduced solubility of S. alba SSPs at alkaline pH. The medium pH and salt ions and their ionic strength can be manipulated to achieve selective solubility of napin and cruciferin of Brassicaceae seed meals.
Zytogenetische Methoden in der Pränataldiagnostik
Authors: Wegner R.-D. , Stumm M. 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die zytogenetischen Analysen an Fruchtwasserzellen oder an Chorionzotten sind die Standardmethoden der invasiven Pränataldiagnostik. In besonderen Fällen stellen die Fetalblutanalyse oder die Untersuchung fetaler Zellen anderen Ursprungs eine gute Ergänzung dar, um den tatsächlichen fetalen Chromosomensatz zu ermitteln. Die Chromosomenanalyse erlaubt die Beurteilung des gesamten Genoms auf lichtmikroskopischer Ebene. Bei molekulargenetischen Analysen monogener Erkrankungen werden native Chorionzotten für eine derartige, gezielte Untersuchung bevorzugt verwendet. Die schnelle Entwicklung der nichtinvasiven genetischen Pränataldiagnostik kann die Optionen werdender Eltern, bestimmte genetisch bedingte Störungen auszuschließen, erweitern und auf den Einsatz der invasiven pränatalen Diagnostik maßgeblich Einfluss nehmen.
Polyarthritis as a prewarning sign of occult lung cancer
Authors: Han Yong‐Mei , Fang Li‐Zheng , Zhang Xin‐Hua , Yuan Shi‐Hai , Chen Jian‐Hua , Li You‐Ming 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCancer polyarthritis is an uncommon, paraneoplastic manifestation of some solid and hematological malignancies. Herein, we report the case of a 55‐year‐old woman who recently experienced polyarthritis for 2 months. On admission, the patient developed cough, expectoration, and fever. According to the clinical manifestations and the findings in radiological examinations and sputum cultures, pneumonia was considered. No evidence of lung cancer was noted by repeated computed tomography scan of lung, single bronchoscopy, or computed tomography–guided lung biopsy. Ultimately, the second bronchoscopy with biopsy was carried out, and lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed by pathological examination. Symptoms of polyarthritis starting 2 months before the symptoms of her lung cancer in the present case leads us to believe that polyarthritis may be a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome. Arthritis resolved after anticancer therapy. Our report indicates that polyarthritis of unknown cause may be suspected as a manifestation of malignancies.