bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of practice recommendations on patient follow‐up and cystic fibrosis centres' activity in France
Authors: Decullier Evelyne , Touzet Sandrine , Bourdy Stéphanie , Termoz Anne , Bellon Gabriel , Pin Isabelle , Cracowski Claire , Colin Cyrille , Durieu Isabelle 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroduction  The French cystic fibrosis (CF) practice recommendations were published at the end of 2002. They advise each patient to be checked up at least once every 3 months in a reference centre for cystic fibrosis.Objective  To describe the activity of the four reference centres in the Rhône‐Alpes area and the patients' follow‐up.Methods  All patients with cystic fibrosis consulting one of the four CF centres between 1996 and 2005 were retrospectively included. All outpatient visits were recorded and classified according to (i) patient and year; and (ii) month and year. The two series were assessed graphically to determine a transition threshold, that is, the 2 consecutive years between which practices differed the most.Results  A total of 616 patients were included, representing 17 594 outpatient visits. The average number of visits per patient increased from 3.7 in 1996 to 5.0 in 2005, the graphical representation showed a sharp change between 2000 and 2001. Among patients with less than 4 visits in 2000, 88 of them visited a centre 4 times or more in 2001 (44%).The annual number of outpatient visits went from 1035 to 2420. The monthly average number of outpatient visits was 86 in 1996 and 202 in 2005. The graphical representation of activity also showed a sharp change from 2001.Conclusion  We showed that the implementation of guidelines occurred the year before its official publication. We also showed that the growth of this implementation was sharp rather than gradual.
Implementing guidelines into clinical practice: what is the value?
Authors: Hoomans Ties , Ament André J.H.A. , Evers Silvia M.A.A. , Severens Johan L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRationale and objective In budget‐constrained health systems, decision makers need to consider both the costs and effects of introducing and actively implementing clinical guidance. We aim to demonstrate how, as an alternative to conventional methods, a total net benefit approach to economic evaluation can be used to inform decision making about guidelines and specific implementation strategies, like education or financial incentives.Methods Aside from providing more detail on the decision framework, we describe how to collect and analyse the relevant data for calculating the total net benefit of guideline use and the value of implementation. We illustrate the process of decision analysis for a stylized example on improving diabetes care in the UK. For the analysis, economic evidence on intensified glycemic control and that on audit and feedback to promote control is combined with information on diabetes practice.Results Our illustration demonstrates that the total net benefit of guideline use and the value of implementation can vary substantially, depending on the clinical intervention chosen, the health system being studied and the specific implementation strategies. This also holds for the threshold value for cost‐effectiveness, the duration of guideline usage or validity, the size of the patient population served, and the trends and ceiling rates in the implementation of clinical guidance.Conclusions In comparison with conventional methods for health economic evaluation, a total net benefit approach allows for the explicit consideration of the current (or future) use of guidelines or guideline recommendations, the cost of implementation and the scope of clinical practice. Decisions made on the basis of the total net benefit of all plausible combinations of clinical guidance and implementation strategies provide optimal patient care and an efficient use of resources.
Most like it but some don't – attitudes of vocational trainees in general practice towards evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Blank Wolfgang A. , Meyer Thorsten , Schneider Antonius , Linde Klaus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRationale and objectives  Vocational trainees in general practice are often confronted with new and unusual situations. The application of the principles and techniques of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) could often be appropriate in these situations. We aimed to investigate attitudes towards EBM among doctors undergoing postgraduate training in general practice in Germany. In particular, we were interested in which aspects the answers of doctors with an overall negative attitude towards EBM differed from those with a positive attitude.Methods  A total of 153 doctors participating in courses for postgraduate medical training in general practice were asked to fill in a questionnaire on attitudes towards EBM and relevance of clinical research. Answers of doctors with a negative attitude towards EBM (negative sum in the questions asking personal judgment on EBM) were compared with those of the remaining doctors.Results  A total of 142 (93%) doctors returned the questionnaire and 121 responded to the questions on EBM (21 responded that they had not heard about EBM). On average, attitudes towards EBM were positive; however, nine doctors gave negative ratings. EBM‐sceptics were similar regarding age, years working as doctors and working hours per week, but were more often male (P = 0.03). EBM‐sceptics considered keeping up to date as important as non‐sceptics but were significantly (P < 0.001) more negative regarding whether EBM is an important decision aid in one's personal work, whether it helps to identify the best clinical options and whether it constrains therapeutic freedom.Conclusion  Overall, doctors specializing in general practice in Germany have a quite positive attitude towards EBM. A small minority, however, seems to consider EBM a threat to their professional autonomy.
The intradermal route for inoculation of sporozoites of rodent malaria parasites for immunological studies
Authors: INOUE M. , CULLETON R. L. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryRodent malaria parasites are commonly used for investigations into the immunology of pre‐erythrocytic stage malaria infection, as sporozoites can be easily produced in the laboratory. In the majority of past immunological studies using this system, sporozoites are inoculated into mice via the intravenous (IV) route. In natural situations, however, sporozoites are deposited into the skin by the bite of Anopheline mosquitoes, and it is likely that the immunological response to such natural intradermal (ID) inoculation will be different to that achieved through the IV route. Although infected mosquito bites are sometimes used during experimental induction of immunity in mice, this method is problematic because of the low numbers of sporozoites introduced to the skin and the large variation in sporozoite inoculation between individual mosquitoes. Here, we show that ID inoculation of dissected mosquito salivary gland sporozoites of Plasmodium yoelii allows the accurate introduction of known numbers of sporozoites into the skin and that these parasites successfully invade the liver. Furthermore, immunization of mice using ID inoculations of live sporozoites contemporaneously with mefloquine treatment induces an immune response that is protective against the development of liver stage parasites, and this protection does not differ significantly from that achieved with IV immunizations performed in the same manner.
European outbreak of atypical myopathy in the autumn 2009
Authors: Van Galen Gaby , Amory Helene , Busschers Evita , Cassart Dominique , De Bruijn Marco , Gerber Vincent , Keen John , Lefere Laurence , Pitel Christel Marcillaud , Marr Celia , Müller Jessica‐M. V. , Pineau Xavier , Saegerman Claude , Sandersen Charlotte , Serteyn Didier , Torfs Sara , Unger Lucia , Verwilghen Denis , Votion Dominique‐Marie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground –Atypical myopathy is an acute, severe rhabdomyolysis occurring in grazing horses. In the beginning of October 2009, a new outbreak occurred in several European countries. Geographic, demographic and clinical data of the reported cases in the month October 2009 are described.Key Findings –The survival rate in this outbreak was 25%. The most frequently observed clinical signs were congested mucous membranes, dyspnea, tachycardia, depression, weakness, stiffness, recumbency, trembling, sweating, and myoglobinuria. Nonsurvivors were significantly more likely to be recumbent than survivors. Prognostic factors, symptomatic treatment, and preventive measures are discussed.Significance –Differences were encountered during the described outbreak of atypical myopathy in October 2009 compared with previous outbreaks reported. Equine practitioners should be aware that previous epidemiological studies have shown that after a high prevalence in the autumn, new cases are likely to occur in the following spring.
Big Bad Banks? The Winners and Losers from Bank Deregulation in the United States
Authors: BECK THORSTEN , LEVINE ROSS , LEVKOV ALEXEY 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTWe assess the impact of bank deregulation on the distribution of income in the United States. From the 1970s through the 1990s, most states removed restrictions on intrastate branching, which intensified bank competition and improved bank performance. Exploiting the cross‐state, cross‐time variation in the timing of branch deregulation, we find that deregulation materially tightened the distribution of income by boosting incomes in the lower part of the income distribution while having little impact on incomes above the median. Bank deregulation tightened the distribution of income by increasing the relative wage rates and working hours of unskilled workers.
Diversification and Its Discontents: Idiosyncratic and Entrepreneurial Risk in the Quest for Social Status
Authors: ROUSSANOV NIKOLAI 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTSocial status concerns influence investors' decisions by driving a wedge in attitudes toward aggregate and idiosyncratic risks. I model such concerns by emphasizing the desire to “get ahead of the Joneses,” which implies that aversion to idiosyncratic risk is lower than aversion to aggregate risk. The model predicts that investors hold concentrated portfolios in equilibrium, which helps rationalize the small premium for undiversified entrepreneurial risk. In the model, status concerns are more important for wealthier households. Consequently, these households own a disproportionate share of risky assets, particularly private equity, and experience greater volatility of consumption, consistent with empirical evidence.
Structural and functional studies of the human phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1
Authors: Welin Martin , Egeblad Louise , Johansson Andreas , Stenmark Pål , Wang Liya , Flodin Susanne , Nyman Tomas , Trésaugues Lionel , Kotenyova Tetyana , Johansson Ida , Eriksson Staffan , Eklund Hans , Nordlund Pär 
Published: October 2010

Human hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) (EC 2.4.2.8) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective nucleoside monophosphates. Human HPRT deficiency as a result of genetic mutations is linked to both Lesch–Nyhan disease and gout. In the present study, we have characterized phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1 (PRTFDC1), a human HPRT homolog of unknown function. The PRTFDC1 structure has been determined at 1.7 Å resolution with bound GMP. The overall structure and GMP binding mode are very similar to that observed for HPRT. Using a thermal‐melt assay, a nucleotide metabolome library was screened against PRTFDC1 and revealed that hypoxanthine and guanine specifically interacted with the enzyme. It was subsequently confirmed that PRTFDC1 could convert these two bases into their corresponding nucleoside monophosphate. However, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of PRTFDC1 towards hypoxanthine and guanine was only 0.26% and 0.09%, respectively, of that of HPRT. This low activity could be explained by the fact that PRTFDC1 has a Gly in the position of the proposed catalytic Asp of HPRT. In PRTFDC1, a water molecule at the position of the aspartic acid side chain position in HPRT might be responsible for the low activity observed by acting as a weak base. The data obtained in the present study indicate that PRTFDC1 does not have a direct catalytic role in the nucleotide salvage pathway.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7996314: PRTFDC1 (uniprotkb: Q9NRG1) and PRTFDC1 (uniprotkb: Q9NRG1) bind (MI:0407) by x‐ray crystallography (MI:0114)
NONLINEAR ESTIMATION OF RESPIRATORY DYNAMICS OF FRESH‐CUT SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA) BASED ON ENZYME KINETICS
Authors: KAUR PREETINDER , RAI DEEPAK RAJ , PAUL SHASHI 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe respiratory behavior of fresh‐cut spinach under different temperatures and gas conditions was evaluated to develop an integrated respiration model taking into account the temperature dependence of enzyme kinetics parameters. The dependence of respiration rate on the O2 and CO2 concentrations has been described assuming the enzyme kinetics model for combined type of inhibition caused by CO2. The respiration model parameters under the specified environmental conditions of 10, 15, 20C and 75% relative humidity were estimated using non‐linear regression technique and were utilized to predict the rates of respiration for O2 consumption and CO2 evolution. Mixed type of inhibition was observed at all the temperatures, but changed from predominantly competitive at 10 and 15C to predominantly uncompetitive at 20C. The enzyme kinetics parameters were analyzed according to Arrhenius law, as well as simple linear and polynomial equations to determine relationships for describing their temperature dependence. The final integrated model encompassed the effect of headspace gaseous concentrations, CO2 inhibition, surrounding temperature, and can be utilized for respiratory and shelf‐life studies of different fruits and vegetables.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFresh‐cut spinach leaves have an enormous market around the world owing to their high nutritive value. Shelf life and quality of fresh‐cut produce may be greatly reduced due to high rates of respiration. Traditional packaging, handling, storage and transportation techniques reduce the shelf life and various nutritional and phytochemical components of fresh‐cut produce. Temperature control and atmospheric modifications (low O2: 1–5% and high CO2: 5–10%) help to maintain produce quality by reducing respiration rate and enhance shelf‐life by minimizing the adverse effects of cutting in fruits and vegetables. This research has focused on determination of respiratory behavior of fresh‐cut spinach leaves at temperatures commonly encountered during transportation and retail distribution i.e., 10–15C. The results of the study show the potential of use of modified atmosphere packaging for packaging of fresh‐cut spinach leaves. Utilization of the results of this research would be of immense help in developing a user friendly program for simulating in‐pack gaseous conditions by varying the experimental parameters and in proper designing of modified atmosphere packages for storage and transportation to retail markets.
The Argument from Vagueness
Authors: Korman Daniel Z. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUniversalism is the thesis that composition is unrestricted: for any non‐overlapping objects, those objects compose something. One of the most influential arguments for universalism is the argument from vagueness, first advanced by David Lewis and later elaborated and defended by Theodore Sider. I supply a reconstruction of the argument and survey a variety of responses to it.
Dual‐Process and Dual‐System Theories of Reasoning
Authors: Frankish Keith 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDual‐process theories hold that there are two distinct processing modes available for many cognitive tasks: one (type 1) that is fast, automatic and non‐conscious, and another (type 2) that is slow, controlled and conscious. Typically, cognitive biases are attributed to type 1 processes, which are held to be heuristic or associative, and logical responses to type 2 processes, which are characterised as rule‐based or analytical. Dual‐system theories go further and assign these two types of process to two separate reasoning systems, System 1 and System 2 – a view sometimes described as ‘the two minds hypothesis’. It is often claimed that System 2 is uniquely human and the source of our capacity for abstract and hypothetical thinking. This study is an introduction to dual‐process and dual‐system theories. It looks at some precursors, surveys key work in the fields of learning, reasoning, social cognition and decision making, and identifies some recent trends and philosophical applications.
Leibniz on Divine Concurrence
Authors: Whipple John 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper I examine G. W. Leibniz’s view on the debate between occasionalists, mere conservationists, and concurrentists. Although commentators agree that Leibniz wants to reject occasionalism and mere conservationism, there is considerable disagreement about whether Leibniz is committed to a theory of divine concurrence that differs from occasionalism and mere conservationism in principled ways. I critically assess three interpretations of Leibniz’s theory in this paper. The first two (those of Robert Adams and Sukjae Lee) differ with respect to important details, but they both assume that Leibniz straightforwardly affirms the continual creation doctrine. I argue that a coherent Leibnizian theory of divine concurrence cannot be constructed on the ontological framework that the continual creation doctrine provides. The third interpretation that I consider holds that Leibniz is willing to affirm the continual creation doctrine only to the extent that it provides an acceptable way of characterizing the dependence of finite substances on God at the level of appearances. It is suggested that Leibniz’s deep metaphysical view of creation and conservation is that in a single act God creates and conserves substances that are non‐spatial and atemporal at the deepest level of metaphysical rigor. I argue that this alternative account of creation and conservation provides a promising ontological framework that can support a coherent theory of creaturely activity that does not collapse into occasionalism or mere conservationism.
Unnecessary roughness? Testing the hypothesis that predators destined for molecular gut‐content analysis must be hand‐collected to avoid cross‐contamination
Authors: GREENSTONE MATTHEW H. , WEBER DONALD C. , COUDRON THOMAS C. , PAYTON MARK E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMolecular gut‐content analysis enables detection of arthropod predation with minimal disruption of ecosystem processes. Mass‐collection methods, such as sweep‐netting, vacuum sampling and foliage beating, could lead to regurgitation or rupturing of predators along with uneaten prey, thereby contaminating specimens and compromising resultant gut‐content data. Proponents of this ‘cross‐contamination hypothesis’ advocate hand‐collection as the best way to avoid cross‐contamination. However, hand‐collection is inefficient when large samples are needed, as with most ecological research. We tested the cross‐contamination hypothesis by setting out onto potato plants immature Coleomegilla maculata and Podisus maculiventris that had been fed larvae of either Leptinotarsa decemlineata or Leptinotarsa juncta, or unfed individuals of these predator species along with L. decemlineata larvae. The animals were then immediately re‐collected, either by knocking them vigorously off the plants onto a beat cloth and capturing them en masse with an aspirator (‘rough’ treatment) or by hand‐searching and collection with a brush (‘best practice’). Collected predators were transferred in the field to individual vials of chilled ethanol and subsequently assayed by PCR for fragments of cytochrome oxidase I of L. decemlineata and L. juncta. Ten to 39 per cent of re‐collected fed predators tested positive by PCR for DNA of both Leptinotarsa species, and 14–38% of re‐collected unfed predators contained L. decemlineata DNA. Overall levels of cross‐contamination in the rough (31%) and best‐practice (11%) samples were statistically different and supported the cross‐contamination hypothesis. A pilot study on eliminating external DNA contamination with bleach prior to DNA extraction and amplification gave promising results.
MorphoJ: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics
Authors: KLINGENBERG CHRISTIAN PETER 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIncreasingly, data on shape are analysed in combination with molecular genetic or ecological information, so that tools for geometric morphometric analysis are required. Morphometric studies most often use the arrangements of morphological landmarks as the data source and extract shape information from them by Procrustes superimposition. TheMorphoJ software combines this approach with a wide range of methods for shape analysis in different biological contexts. The program offers an integrated and user‐friendly environment for standard multivariate analyses such as principal components, discriminant analysis and multivariate regression as well as specialized applications including phylogenetics, quantitative genetics and analyses of modularity in shape data.MorphoJ is written in Java and versions for the Windows, Macintosh and Unix/Linux platforms are freely available fromhttp://www.flywings.org.uk/MorphoJ_page.htm.
Alteration and Reformation of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Prediction of Remaining Potential Resources in Superimposed Basins
Authors: Hong PANG , Xiongqi PANG , Haijun YANG , Changsong LIN , Qingyang MENG , Huaijie WANG 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:Complex hydrocarbon reservoirs developed widely in the superimposed basins of China formed from multiple structural alterations, reformation and destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed at early stages. They are characterized currently by trap adjustment, component variation, phase conversion, and scale reformation. This is significant for guiding current hydrocarbon exploration by revealing evolution mechanisms after hydrocarbon reservoir formation and for predicting remaining potential resources. Based on the analysis of a number of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs, there are four geologic features controlling the degree of destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs formed at early stages: tectonic event intensity, frequency, time and caprock sealing for oil and gas during tectonic evolution. Research shows that the larger the tectonic event intensity, the more frequent the tectonic event, the later the last tectonic event, the weaker the caprock sealing for oil and gas, and the greater the volume of destroyed hydrocarbons in the early stages. Based on research on the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon reservoir destruction mechanisms, a geological model of tectonic superimposition and a mathematical model evaluating potential remaining complex hydrocarbon reservoirs have been established. The predication method and technical procedures were applied in the Tazhong area of Tarim Basin, where four stages of hydrocarbon accumulation and three stages of hydrocarbon alteration occurred. Geohistorical hydrocarbon accumulation reached 3.184 billion tons, of which 1.271 billion tons were destroyed. The total volume of remaining resources available for exploration is ∼1.9 billion tons.