bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MADS‐box transcription factor GmFULc promotes GmZTL4 gene transcription to modulate maturity in soybean
Authors: Sun Jingzhe , Liu Yucheng , Zheng Yuhong , Xue Yongguo , Fan Yuhuan , Ma Xiaofei , Ji Yujia , Liu Gaoyuan , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Yang , Wang Shuming , Tian Zhixi , Zhao Lin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTFlowering time and maturity are crucial agronomic traits that affect the regional adaptability of soybean plants. The development of soybean cultivars with early maturity adapted to longer days and colder climates of high latitudes is very important for ensuring normal ripening before frost begins. FUL belongs to the MADS‐box transcription factor family and has several duplicated members in soybeans. In this study, we observed that overexpression of GmFULc in the Dongnong 50 cultivar promoted soybean maturity, while GmFULc knockout mutants exhibited late maturity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) revealed that GmFULc could bind to the CArG, bHLH and homeobox motifs. Further investigation revealed that GmFULc could directly bind to the CArG motif in the promoters of the GmZTL3 and GmZTL4 genes. Overexpression of GmZTL4 promoted soybean maturity, whereas the ztl4 mutants exhibited delayed maturity. Moreover, we found that the cis element box 4 motif of the GmZTL4 promoter, a motif of light response elements, played an important role in controlling the growth period. Deletion of this motif shortened the growth period by increasing the expression levels of GmZTL4. Functional investigations revealed that short‐day treatment promoted the binding of GmFULc to the promoter of GmZTL4 and inhibited the expression of E1 and E1Lb, ultimately resulting in the promotion of flowering and early maturation. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel photoperiod regulatory pathway in which GmFULc directly activates GmZTL4 to promote earlier maturity in soybean.
The processed C‐terminus of AvrRps4 effector suppresses plant immunity via targeting multiple WRKYs
Authors: Nguyen Quang‐Minh , Iswanto Arya Bagus Boedi , Kang Hobin , Moon Jiyun , Phan Kieu Anh Thi , Son Geon Hui , Suh Mi Chung , Chung Eui‐Hwan , Gassmann Walter , Kim Sang Hee 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPathogens generate and secrete effector proteins to the host plant cells during pathogenesis to promote virulence and colonization. If the plant carries resistance (R) proteins that recognize pathogen effectors, effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) is activated, resulting in a robust immune response and hypersensitive response (HR). The bipartite effector AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi has been well studied in terms of avirulence function. In planta, AvrRps4 is processed into two parts. The C‐terminal fragment of AvrRps4 (AvrRps4C) induces HR in turnip and is recognized by the paired resistance proteins AtRRS1/AtRPS4 in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that AvrRps4C targets a group of Arabidopsis WRKY, including WRKY46, WRKY53, WRKY54, and WRKY70, to induce its virulence function. Indeed, AvrRps4C suppresses the general binding and transcriptional activities of immune‐positive regulator WRKY54 and WRKY54‐mediated resistance. AvrRps4C interferes with WRKY54's binding activity to target gene SARD1 in vitro, suggesting WRKY54 is sequestered from the SARD1 promoter by AvrRps4C. Through the interaction of AvrRps4C with four WRKYs, AvrRps4 enhances the formation of homo‐/heterotypic complexes of four WRKYs and sequesters them in the cytoplasm, thus inhibiting their function in plant immunity. Together, our results provide a detailed virulence mechanism of AvrRps4 through its C‐terminus.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skin penetration enhancer Putocrin®
Authors: Cen Zongxiao , Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Ding , Chen Xueping , Chen Junyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSubstances that can efficiently enhance skin penetration while exerting no adverse effect are useful for drug and cosmetics formulation.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and enhance skin penetration efficacy of Putocrin®, a combination containing 2% isosorbide dimethyl ether, 1% pentanediol, and 0.5% inositol.MethodsAn in vitro keratinocyte cell assay using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and an in vitro EpiKutis® skin study adopted hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis were carried out to investigate the safety of Putocrin®. A pigskin‐Franz cell system experiment applied high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to compare the skin penetration efficiency of fluorescein isothiocyanate (Fitc)‐labeled tranexamic acid with or without the assistance of Putocrin®. The safety and efficacy of Putocrin® was further evaluated on zebrafish embryos.ResultsThe MTT assay showed that Putocrin® at concentration ≤2.5% did not significantly affect cell viability. The in vitro EpiKutis® skin study revealed that 2.5% Putocrin® did not affect skin morphology, filaggrin content, ceramide/protein, or fatty acid/protein ratios, but significantly increased loricrin content by 86.00% (p < 0.001). The pigskin‐Franz cell penetration experiment demonstrated that Fitc‐labeled tranexamic acid could barely penetrate the skin (with penetration rate of 1.121%), while Putocrin® significantly enhanced the penetration rate up to 83.983%, which was close to unlabeled tranexamic acid (90.013%). The zebrafish embryo study showed that 2.5% Putocrin® did not exert observable toxicity and obviously assisted the skin penetration of Fitc‐labeled tranexamic acid into fish embryos. These results indicate the strong enhancing skin penetration potency of Putocrin®.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the safety as well as the strong enhancing skin penetration potency of Putocrin® for cosmetics formulation use.
A methodological workflow for quantitative colouration and colour pattern comparison reveals taxonomic and habitat‐level differences in the polymorphic fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)
Authors: Alarcón‐Ríos L. , Álvarez D. , Velo‐Antón G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study of colour, including physical properties and patterns, is an essential step in comprehensively understanding the role, evolution and diversification of this trait involved in functions like survival, performance, reproductive success and communication. While quantitative studies on colour have primarily focused on colour attributes, such as hue or brightness, the quantitative assessment of how colours are distributed across an organism's body (i.e. pattern) has received less attention despite its high functionality irrespective and together with colour. This gap is particularly noticeable in amphibians, especially in highly polymorphic, continuously variable species. In this study, we use the urodele Salamandra salamandra as a study model to apply an analytical approach for extracting and quantifying colour proportions and patterns variation using the recently developed R packages patternize and recolorize to precisely describe and compare colour distribution at both taxonomic and habitat levels. We first assessed the potential application of this workflow in taxonomic studies by examining its accuracy and sensitivity in differentiating morphs, using S. s. bernardezi and S. s. gallaica subspecies. Subsequently, we applied the same analytical approach to compare colour and colour pattern shifts among population of S. s. bernardezi within an urban–forest system. Our results demonstrated that this methodological workflow effectively detects differences in colour patterns at the taxonomic and habitat levels, confirming its utility in different fields, from systematics to eco‐evolutionary studies. Furthermore, our results revealed an increased prevalence of melanistic colouration and a less homogeneous colour pattern within urban settings, contributing to the limited number of studies about amphibian colouration in anthropic habitats. We outline and discuss alternative hypotheses to explain these patterns, although further investigation is necessary to address several new questions that arise from our results.
Stem cell therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Shin Jung Hyun , Park Ju Hyun , Ryu Chae‐Min , Shin Dong‐Myung , Choo Myung‐Soo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic disease with limited treatment options. Current multidisciplinary approach targeting bladder inflammation and urothelial dysfunction has limited durable effect that major surgery is ultimately required for both Hunner and non‐Hunner type IC. Various investigational attempts are underway to avoid such operations and preserve the urinary bladder. Stem cell therapy is a fascinating option for treating chronic illnesses. Stem cells can self‐renew, restore damaged tissue, and have paracrine effects. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy have been demonstrated in numerous preclinical models, primarily chemically induced cystitis rat models. Only one clinical trial (phase 1 study) has investigated the safety of human embryonic stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in three Hunner‐type IC patients. Under general anesthesia, participants underwent cystoscopic submucosal stem cell injection (2.0 × 107 stem cells/5 mL). No safety issues were reported up to 12 months of follow‐up and long‐term follow‐up (up to 3 years). Although there were variations in therapeutic response, all patients reported significant improvement in pain at 1 month postoperatively. One patient underwent fulguration of the Hunner lesion after the trial, but others reported an overall improvement in pain. The analysis on phase 1/2a trial which had several modifications in protocol is currently ongoing. Despite several limitations that need to be overcome, stem cell therapy could be a potential therapeutic option for treating IC/BPS. Clinical outcome on phase 1/2a trial is important and might provide more insight into the clinical application of stem cell therapy for IC/BPS.
Dive descent rate as a buoyancy indicator to infer body condition of Weddell seals in the Antarctic
Authors: Yong Chuanji , Harcourt Robert , McMahon Clive R. , Costa Daniel P. , Huckstadt Luis A. , Hindell Mark , Jonsen Ian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChanges in buoyancy of marine mammals can be used to infer environmental changes. In multiple seal species, how “fast” an animal sinks reveals body condition changes through shifts in buoyancy as the ratio between lean and lipid tissue changes. However, quantifying similar at‐sea changes in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) has remained unexplored. Here, we present a method of inferring buoyancy of Weddell seals by monitoring descent rates from 4‐s time‐depth data, to reveal in situ insight of their life cycle. We defined a Buoyancy Indicator Segment (BIS) as the descent rate of a dive segment created with the broken‐stick method that was systematically filtered to only include characteristic nonstroking and directed travel segments while excluding lung buoyancy biases. We found that BISs predicted body condition changes in Weddell seals, being a function of dive duration, mean depth, and time‐of‐year. Descent rates quickened with troughs in early April due to postmolt muscle recovery, early July due to winter conditions, and early September possibly due to pregnancy. Each trough was followed by weight gain, with slowing descent rates reaching peaks in late May, early August, and late October. This new approach showed that determining at‐sea condition is possible for Weddell seals, deriving a powerful species and environmental monitoring tool.
The significance of serum SLC7A11 levels in the occurrence of vascular calcification in maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Junling , Tang Qiong , Zhu Huixian , Chen Yan , Xiong Hua , Jiang Hongwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThis research aimed to explore the serum levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis (MPD) and its correlation with vascular calcification (VC) and clinical results.MethodsThis present prospective observational cohort study enrolled 189 patients with MPD who were undergoing regular peritoneal dialysis for over 3 months in our hospital from February 2020 to July 2022. The abdominal aortic calcification score was used to assess the VC condition of MPD patients. The serum SLC7A11, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β and C‐reactive protein levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic and clinical statistics were collected. All patients were followed up for 1 year and the overall survival time (OS) of all patients were recorded. All data used SPSS 18.0 for statistical analyses.ResultsPatients with moderate/severe calcification in MPD had a longer duration of dialysis, higher serum levels of phosphate (P) and calcium (Ca) and lower serum levels of SLC7A11. Spearman's analysis revealed a negative correlation between serum SLC7A11 levels and the levels of P, Ca and IL‐1β. Additionally, we observed an association between serum SLC7A11 levels and clinical prognosis as well as the extent of VC in MPD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that dialysis duration, SLC7A11, and P were risk factors for VC in MPD patients.ConclusionThe serum SLC7A11 levels decreased remarkably in MPD patients with moderate/severe calcification. This study may provide new targets and comprehensive approach to cardiovascular protection in patients with chronic kidney disease.image
The dynamic role of the left dlPFC in neurovisceral integration: Differential effects of theta burst stimulation on vagally mediated heart rate variability and cognitive‐affective processing
Authors: Schmaußer Maximilian , Raab Markus , Laborde Sylvain 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdapting to the ever‐changing demands of the environment requires a complex interplay between cognitive‐affective, neuronal, and autonomic processes. Vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) is positively associated with both cognitive‐affective functioning and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. Accordingly, the Neurovisceral Integration Model has posited a shared role of the PFC in the regulation of cognitive‐affective processes and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. While there are numerous correlational findings in this regard, no study so far has investigated whether the manipulation of PFC activity induces changes in vmHRV and cognitive‐affective processing in an inter‐dependent manner. In a sample of 64 participants, we examined the effects of continuous (cTBS; n = 21) and intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS; n = 20) compared to sham stimulation (n = 23) over the left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) on vmHRV and cognitive‐affective processing within an emotional stop‐signal task (ESST). Our results revealed that both resting vmHRV and vmHRV reactivity predicted cognitive‐affective processing. Furthermore, we found a dampening effect of cTBS on resting and on‐task vmHRV, as well as an enhancing effect of iTBS on ESST performance. Our results show no direct association between vmHRV changes and ESST performance alterations following stimulation. We interpret our results in the light of a hierarchical model of neurovisceral integration, suggesting a dynamical situation‐dependent recruitment of higher‐order cortical areas like the dlPFC in the regulation of the ANS. In conclusion, our results highlight the complex interplay between PFC activity, autonomic regulation, and cognitive‐affective processing, emphasizing the need for further research to understand the causal dynamics of the underlying neural mechanisms.
Head Acceleration Events During Tackle, Ball‐Carry, and Ruck Events in Professional Southern Hemisphere Men's Rugby Union Matches: A Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards
Authors: Roe Gregory , Sawczuk Thomas , Owen Cameron , Tooby James , Starling Lindsay , Gilthorpe Mark S. , Falvey Éanna , Hendricks Sharief , Rasmussen Karen , Readhead Clint , Salmon Danielle , Stokes Keith , Tucker Ross , Jones Ben 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesDescribe head acceleration events (HAEs) experienced by professional male rugby union players during tackle, ball‐carry, and ruck events using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs).DesignProspective observational cohort.MethodsPlayers competing in the 2023 Currie Cup (141 players) and Super Rugby (66 players) seasons wore iMGs. The iMG‐recorded peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak angular acceleration (PAA) were used as in vivo HAE approximations and linked to contact‐event data captured using video analysis. Using the maximum PLA and PAA per contact event (HAEmax), ordinal mixed‐effects regression models estimated the probabilities of HAEmax magnitude ranges occurring, while accounting for the multilevel data structure.ResultsAs HAEmax magnitude increased the probability of occurrence decreased. The probability of a HAEmax ≥15g was 0.461 (0.435–0.488) (approximately 1 in every 2) and ≥45g was 0.031 (0.025–0.037) (1 in every 32) during ball carries. The probability of a HAEmax >15g was 0.381 (0.360–0.404) (1 in every 3) and >45g 0.019 (0.015–0.023) (1 in every 53) during tackles. The probability of higher magnitude HAEmax occurring was greatest during ball carries, followed by tackles, defensive rucks and attacking rucks, with some ruck types having similar profiles to tackles and ball carries. No clear differences between positions were observed.ConclusionHigher magnitude HAEmax were relatively infrequent in professional men's rugby union players. Contact events appear different, but no differences were found between positions. The occurrence of HAEmax was associated with roles players performed within contact events, not their actual playing position. Defending rucks may warrant greater consideration in injury prevention research.
The effect of mindfulness‐based interventions on caregiver burden, quality of life and psychological distress in caregivers of adults with chronic diseases: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Erdoğan Yüce Gülyeter , Döner Ayser , Bilgin Aylin , Muz Gamze 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic diseases requiring long‐term treatment, care, and follow‐up can negatively affect the health and well‐being of caregivers. Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly used as a mental health intervention to control the psychological problems experienced by caregivers and improve their quality of life.AimsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to provide evidence for a holistic evaluation and synthesis of the effects of MBIs applied to caregivers of adults with chronic disease on the burden, quality of life, and psychological distress.MethodsStudies evaluating the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on caregivers of adults with chronic diseases and published through September 2023 were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO. Methodological quality was assessed with the modified JADAD scale, and bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials. Randomized controlled studies were included. The standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Heterogeneity was analyzed using the I2 test and Q statistic. Publication bias was assessed with the Egger regression test.ResultsThis meta‐analysis included 12 studies. Pooled evidence found that MBIs resulted in significant improvements in stress, anxiety, depression, and caregiver burden in caregivers of adults with chronic illness but had no significant effects on quality of life, resilience, and mindfulness. The Egger's test showed no evidence of publication bias.Linking Evidence to ActionMBIs can be considered as a helpful method to increase psychological well‐being and reduce caregiver burden in caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. These findings may direct clinicians to conduct mindfulness‐based interventions for caregivers of adults with chronic diseases.
Overview of Design Considerations for Data-Driven Time-Stepping Schemes Applied to Nonlinear Mechanical Systems
Authors: Slimak Tomas , Zwölfer Andreas , Todorov Bojidar , Rixen Daniel J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Artificial neural networks (NNs) are a type of machine learning (ML) algorithm that mimics the functioning of the human brain to learn and generalize patterns from large amounts of data without the need for explicit knowledge of the system's physics. Employing NNs to predict time responses in the field of mechanical system dynamics is still in its infancy. The aim of this contribution is to give an overview of design considerations for NN-based time-stepping schemes for nonlinear mechanical systems. To this end, numerous design parameters and choices available when creating a NN are presented, and their effects on the accuracy of predicting the dynamics of nonlinear mechanical systems are discussed. The findings are presented with the support of three test cases: a double pendulum, a duffing oscillator, and a gyroscope. Factors such as initial conditions, external forcing, as well as system parameters were varied to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approaches. Furthermore, practical design considerations such as noise-sensitivity as well as the ability to extrapolate are examined. Ultimately, we are able to show that NNs are capable of functioning as time-stepping schemes for nonlinear mechanical system dynamics applications.
Biomimetic Scaled Structures - Exploring Symmetries and Nonlinearity in Structural Damping
Authors: Hossain Md Shahjahan , Bateniparvar Omid , Sarkar Pranta Rahman , Ghosh Ranajay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fish scale-like features on substrates arranged periodically produce peculiar mechanical behavior. These include nonlinear stiffness, anisotropy in deformation, and finally jamming behavior. These smart structures can be fabricated by partially embedding stiffer plate-like segments on softer substrates to create a bi-material system, with overlapping scales. The dynamic response shows remarkable geometrical-material interplay and anisotropies in damping. Especially interesting is the damping behavior that is distinct from typical damping found in mechanical structures which are often approximated as Rayleigh-Damping. Here we discuss some of these dynamic behaviors that include material-geometry distinction in damping, multiple damping scenarios and interplay of dissipation possibilities. We performed experimental analysis and compared the results with simple mathematical laws that govern architecture-dissipation relationships that can help understand the vibrating response of pillar/scale-covered membranes/thin plates. We conclude by noting the applicability these metastructure in structural damping with other forms currently in use in practice.