bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rigidity of the Weyl chamber flow, and vanishing theorems of Matsushima and Weil
Authors: KANAI MASAHIKO 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to reveal an unforeseen link between the classical vanishing theorems of Matsushima and Weil, on the one hand, and rigidity of the Weyl chamber flow, a dynamical system arising from a higher-rank non-compact Lie group, on the other. The connection is established via ‘transverse extension theorems’: roughly speaking, they claim that a tangential 1-form of the orbit foliation of the Weyl chamber flow that is tangentially closed (and satisfies a certain mild additional condition) can be extended to a closed 1-form on the whole space in a canonical manner. In particular, infinitesimal rigidity of the orbit foliation of the Weyl chamber flow is proved as an application.
Body image and self-esteem in older adulthood
Authors: BAKER LUCIE , GRINGART EYAL 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTGiven global population ageing and the fact that Australia is experiencing a significant increase in the proportion of older adults in its population, research into ageing issues has become a national priority. Whilst body image and self-esteem have been empirically linked, the relationship among older adults has been neglected. This study investigated several body-image variables and their relationship to self-esteem in a sample of 148 men and women aged 65–85 years who were living independently in the Perth Metropolitan Area of Western Australia. They completed the ‘Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale’ and the ‘Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire’. The results indicated, contrary to a common misconception, that body-image concerns are significant to self-esteem in older adulthood, but that these vary by age and gender. Whilst women appear to develop various strategies to counter the effects of ageing, men seem to be more negatively affected, particularly in relation to body functioning. The findings shed light on the meaning of body image in older adulthood. A better understanding of the meaning of body image, of the factors that influence the meaning, and of how these relate to older adults' self-esteem may help older adults develop a positive body image that will contribute to psycho-social strengths and enhance their quality of life.
Double standards in US warfare: exploring the historical legacy of civilian protection and the complex nature of the moral-legal nexus
Authors: KAEMPF SEBASTIAN 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article investigates how – by breaking with the historical double standards regarding civilian protection in conflicts – by the end of the twentieth century, US warfare has come to comply with International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Yet, civilians are still being killed. This has sparked controversies over what constitutes legitimate targeting practices and as to whether higher levels of civilian protection could be achieved. Through an engagement with these debates, including an exploration of the evolution of the norm of non-combatant immunity with specific reference to US warfare, the article argues that IHL does not provide fully satisfactory answers to these issues as it is too permissive in relation to the killing of civilians. The article proposes that more stringent moral guidelines, such as those underpinning the idea of ‘due care’, have the potential to go much further in providing protection for the innocent in war.
NATO Enlargement post-1989: Successful Adaptation or Decline?
Authors: MICHTA ANDREW A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNATO enlargement after the cold war contributed to the democratic transformation of post-communist states. It failed, however, to generate a larger consensus on the shared mission and to provide the requisite military capabilities. Today, notwithstanding the rhetoric of unity after the 2008 Bucharest summit, NATO struggles to reconcile the out-of-area experience of the Balkan wars with its post-9/11 tasks and the renewed territorial defense concerns raised by the 2008 Russo-Georgian war. Paradoxically, the more NATO has expanded to foster the military–political security of the new democratic states of eastern and south-eastern Europe, the less it seems capable of dealing with real security threats such as Afghanistan. Facing the possible strategic failure of its ISAF mission, NATO needs to re-evaluate the policy track chosen post-1989.
Test–retest intra‐rater reliability of vaginal measurement of pelvic floor muscle strength using Myomed 932
Authors: SIGURDARDOTTIR THORGERDUR , STEINGRIMSDOTTIR THORA , ARNASON ARNI , BØ KARI 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives. To investigate test–retest intra‐rater reliability of measurements of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength using Myomed 932® (Enraf‐Nonius, Delft, the Netherlands). Design. Test–retest intra‐rater reliability test with a 2–7 day interval. Setting. Physiotherapy outpatient clinic in association with the Department of Physiotherapy, University of Iceland. Population. Twenty healthy female volunteers in Reykjavik metropolitan area, Iceland, with a mean age of 43.8 (SD 9.8) years, mean body mass index (BMI) 26.2 (SD 5.3), and mean parity 2.1 children (SD 1.0). Main outcome measures. PFM strength during two attempts of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) measured as vaginal squeeze pressure in hectoPascals (hPa). Results. Mean MVC was 34.45 hPa (95% CI: 26.07–42.83) on Day 1 and 34.05 hPa (95% CI: 26.66–41.44) on Day 2. The measurements ranged from 5–74 hPa interindividually on Day 1 and 5–62 hPa on Day 2. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was 0.97; p<0.001 and coefficient of variation (CV%) was 11.09%. There was no significant difference between the first and second tests (p = 0.74). Conclusion. This test–retest intra‐rater reliability study for Myomed 932 showed a very good reliability using ICC. The CV%, however, indicated some degree of intra‐individual variation. We suggest that this device can be used both in practice and clinical trials for assessing female PFM strength.
The relation between urinary incontinence and steroid hormone levels in perimenopausal women. A report from the Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study
Authors: TELEMAN PIA M. , PERSSON JAN , MATTIASSON ANDERS , SAMSIOE GÖRAN 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective. To outline possible associations between urinary incontinence (UI) and serum levels of steroid hormones in middle‐aged women. Design and setting. Community‐based observational study. Sample. All women aged 50–59 living in the Lund area by December 1995 were invited to a screening procedure. Sixty‐four percent (n = 6,917) attended the screening that included physical and laboratory examinations and questionnaires. Methods. Serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, androstendione, SHBG (sex hormone‐binding globulin), and estradiol were analyzed and the 2,221 (32%) women who reported urinary leakage causing a social or hygienic problem were compared to those who denied incontinence. Main outcome measure. Possible differences in serum levels of steroid hormones in continent and incontinent women. Results. There were no significant differences between continent and incontinent women regarding serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, androstendione, or testosterone + androstendione combined. Serum estradiol adjusted for body mass index, parity, smoking, and hysterectomy was significantly higher in incontinent women (87.1±138.4 pmol/l vs. 78.0±118.5 pmol/l, p = 0.005), whereas the ratio estradiol/SHBG was not. These differences persisted when the group of women not on hormonal treatment was analyzed. Conclusions. UI in middle‐aged women seems related to higher serum estradiol levels. This corroborates with studies showing a higher incidence and/or prevalence of UI in women on hormone therapy. No association between UI and serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, or androstendione wasfound.
A Cluster of Cases of Nosocomial Legionnaires Disease Linked to a Contaminated Hospital Decorative Water Fountain
Authors: Palmore Tara N. , Stock Frida , White Margaret , Bordner MaryAnn , Michelin Angela , Bennett John E. , Murray Patrick R. , Henderson David K. 
Published: July 2009

Background.Nosocomial outbreaks of Legionnaires disease have been linked to contaminated water in hospitals. Immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable and, when infected, have a high mortality rate. We report the investigation of a cluster of cases of nosocomial pneumonia attributable toLegionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 that occurred among patients on our stem cell transplantation unit.Methods.We conducted a record review to identify common points of potential exposure, followed by environmental and water sampling forLegionellaspecies from those sources. We used an air sampler to in an attempt to detect aerosolizedLegionellaand pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to compare clinical and environmental isolates.Results.The most likely sources identified were the water supply in the patients' rooms and a decorative fountain in the radiation oncology suite. Samples from the patients' rooms did not growLegionellaspecies. Cultures of the fountain, which had been restarted 4 months earlier after being shut off for 5 months, yieldedL. pneumophilaserogroup 1. The isolates from both patients and the fountain were identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Both patients developed pneumonia within 10 days of completing radiation therapy, and each reported having observed the fountain at close range. Both patients' infections were identified early and treated promptly, and both recovered.Conclusions.This cluster was caused by contamination of a decorative fountain despite its being equipped with a filter and ozone generator. Fountains are a potential source of nosocomial Legionnaires disease despite standard maintenance and sanitizing measures. In our opinion, fountains present unacceptable risk in hospitals serving immunocompromised patients.
Comments on sequence normalization of tiling array expression
Authors: Gilbert Don , Rechtsteiner Andreas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMotivation: Methods to improve tiling array expression signals are needed to accurately detect genome features. Royce et al. provide statistical normalizations of tile signal based on probe sequence content that promises improved accuracy, and should be independently verified.Results: Assessment of the sequence content normalization methods identified a problem: confounding of probe sequence content with gene structure (intron/exon) sequence content. Normalization obscured tile signal changes at gene structure boundaries. This and other evidence suggests that simple sequence normalization does not improve detection of genes from tile expression data.Availability: http://wfleabase.org/genome-summaries/tile-expression/tileseqnorms/Contact: gilbertd@indiana.edu
DYNAMIK: a software environment for cell DYNAmics, Motility, and Information tracKing, with an application to Ras pathways
Authors: Jaeger Stefan , Song Qingfeng , Chen Su-Shing 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The emergence of new microscopy techniques in combination with the increasing resource of bioimaging data has given fresh impetus to utilizing image processing methods for studying biological processes. Cell tracking studies in particular, which are important for a wide range of biological processes such as embryonic development or the immune system, have recently become the focus of attention. These studies typically produce large volumes of data that are hard to investigate manually and therefore call for an automated approach. Due to the large variety of biological cells and the inhomogeneity of applications, however, there exists no widely accepted method or system for cell tracking until today. In this article, we present our publicly available DYNAMIK software environment that allows users to compute a suit of cell features and plot the trajectory of multiple cells over a sequence of frames. Using chemotaxis and Ras pathways as an example, we show how users can employ our software to compute statistics about cell motility and other cell information, and how to evaluate their test series based on the data computed. We see that DYNAMIK's segmentation and tracking compares favorably with the output produced by other software packages.
Contact: jaeger@picb.ac.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FRED—a framework for T-cell epitope detection
Authors: Feldhahn Magdalena , Dönnes Pierre , Thiel Philipp , Kohlbacher Oliver 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Summary: Over the last decade, immunoinformatics has made significant progress. Computational approaches, in particular the prediction of T-cell epitopes using machine learning methods, are at the core of modern vaccine design. Large-scale analyses and the integration or comparison of different methods become increasingly important. We have developed FRED, an extendable, open source software framework for key tasks in immunoinformatics. In this, its first version, FRED offers easily accessible prediction methods for MHC binding and antigen processing as well as general infrastructure for the handling of antigen sequence data and epitopes. FRED is implemented in Python in a modular way and allows the integration of external methods.
Availability: FRED is freely available for download at http://www-bs.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/Software/FRED.
Contact: feldhahn@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
Cross-scale, cross-pathway evaluation using an agent-based non-small cell lung cancer model
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Birch Christina M. , Sagotsky Jonathan , Deisboeck Thomas S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We present a multiscale agent-based non-small cell lung cancer model that consists of a 3D environment with which cancer cells interact while processing phenotypic changes. At the molecular level, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) has been integrated into our previously developed in silico model as a second extrinsic input in addition to epidermal growth factor (EGF). The main aim of this study is to investigate how the effects of individual and combinatorial change in EGF and TGFβ concentrations at the molecular level alter tumor growth dynamics on the multi-cellular level, specifically tumor volume and expansion rate. Our simulation results show that separate EGF and TGFβ fluctuations trigger competing multi-cellular phenotypes, yet synchronous EGF and TGFβ signaling yields a spatially more aggressive tumor that overall exhibits an EGF-driven phenotype. By altering EGF and TGFβ concentration levels simultaneously and asynchronously, we discovered a particular region of EGF-TGFβ profiles that ensures phenotypic stability of the tumor system. Within this region, concentration changes in EGF and TGFβ do not impact the resulting multi-cellular response substantially, while outside these concentration ranges, a change at the molecular level will substantially alter either tumor volume or tumor expansion rate, or both. By evaluating tumor growth dynamics across different scales, we show that, under certain conditions, therapeutic targeting of only one signaling pathway may be insufficient. Potential implications of these in silico results for future clinico-pharmacological applications are discussed.
Contact: deisboec@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sexual segregation of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in Greenland, and the influence of sea temperature on the sex ratio of catches
Authors: Laidre Kristin L. , Heagerty Patrick J. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter , Witting Lars , Simon Malene 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLaidre, K. L., Heagerty, P. J., Heide-Jørgensen, M. P., Witting, L., and Simon, M. 2009. Sexual segregation of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in Greenland, and the influence of sea temperature on the sex ratio of catches. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2253–2266. The harvest of common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in West Greenland has historically been skewed towards female whales, yet a complete analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of catch sex ratio has never been conducted. We examined trends in the sex ratio of catches over time, season, space, and relative to sea temperature using 2400 records from inshore Greenland subsistence whaling operations (1960–2006) and 2072 records from offshore Norwegian commercial operations (1968–1985). Logistic regression models were developed to examine the trend in sex ratio in three regions (Northwest, NW; Central West, CW; Southwest, SW) and by latitude. The highly skewed proportion of females in all catches was strongly positively correlated (r2 = 0.8) with latitude in the offshore catches (>100 km). Generalized linear models of inshore catches indicated slightly increasing though non-significant trends in the proportion of females taken off CW and NW Greenland and a significant declining trend off SW Greenland. Sensitivity analyses show that the declining inshore SW trend was entirely accounted for by the past 5 years (2002–2006) of data. Models containing both year and temperature interactions suggested that either parameter provided an equivalent explanation of the variation in trends across regions.
Mean daily growth of herring larvae in relation to temperature over a range of 5–20°C, based on weekly repeated cruises in the Greifswalder Bodden
Authors: Oeberst Rainer , Dickey-Collas Mark , Nash Richard D. M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Oeberst, R., Dickey-Collas, M., and Nash, R. D. M. 2009. Mean daily growth of herring larvae in relation to temperature over a range of 5–20°C, based on weekly repeated cruises in the Greifswalder Bodden. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1696–1701. Reported estimates of mean daily growth of herring larvae generally cover the temperature range 1–12°C and few estimates are available for temperatures >15°C. We use larval surveys on Rügen spring-spawning herring in the Strelasund and the Greifswalder Bodden to estimate larval growth over a wider temperature range because the water temperature in that area normally increases from 5 to 20°C during the larval growth period (i.e. from spring to summer). This large temperature increase has a significant influence on the mean daily growth of herring larvae. Growth estimates were based on the modes of length frequencies observed at individual stations or accumulated over strata from consecutive surveys. Mean daily growth (G; mm d−1) of larvae was primarily determined by the ambient temperature (T) during the growth interval (5–7 d), resulting in the following relationship: G = 0.011 + 0.037 T. A non-linear function is also described. Growth rate was not length-dependent over the size range studied (5–20 mm). The study also showed that herring larvae were growing and surviving in temperatures up to 17.5°C.
Spatial predictive distribution modelling of the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea
Authors: Bekkby Trine , Rinde Eli , Erikstad Lars , Bakkestuen Vegar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBekkby, T., Rinde, E., Erikstad, L., and Bakkestuen, V. 2009. Spatial predictive distribution modelling of the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2106–2115. The kelp species Laminaria hyperborea constitutes highly productive kelp forest systems hosting a broad diversity of species and providing the basis for commercial kelp harvesting and, through its productivity, the fishing industry. Spatial planning and management of this important habitat and resource needs to be based on distribution maps and detailed knowledge of the main factors influencing the distribution. However, in countries with a long and complex coastline, such as Norway, detailed mapping is practically and economically difficult. Consequently, alternative methods are required. Based on modelled and field-measured geophysical variables and presence/absence data of L. hyperborea, a spatial predictive probability model for kelp distribution is developed. The influence of depth, slope, terrain curvature, light exposure, wave exposure, and current speed on the distribution of L. hyperborea are modelled using a generalized additive model. Using the Akaike Information Criterion, we found that the most important geophysical factors explaining the distribution of kelp were depth, terrain curvature, and wave and light exposure. The resulting predictive model was very reliable, showing good ability to predict the presence and absence of kelp.
Objectives and harvest control rules in the management of the fishery of Norwegian spring-spawning herring
Authors: Tjelmeland Sigurd , Røttingen Ingolf 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Tjelmeland, S., and Røttingen, I. 2009. Objectives and harvest control rules in the management of the fishery of Norwegian spring-spawning herring. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1793–1799. The main element in the management of the Norwegian spring-spawning herring, as implemented by the coastal states, is to conduct the fishery based on a maximum fishing mortality (F) of 0.125. As the appropriateness of this rule (given the stated objectives) has not yet been tested thoroughly, we set out to do this by long-term simulations, in which we applied a range of alternative stock–recruitment relationships. These different relationships are estimated from historical replicates of the stock, as calculated by the herring-stock assessment model SeaStar. During prognostic simulations, a recruitment model is selected probabilistically for each historical replicate based on Akaike weights. We evaluate whether the management objectives are met by applying the present harvest control rule. Results are given for the current assessment option of natural mortality (M = 0.5) in the oldest aggregated age group and for the assessment option used in 2005 and earlier (M = 0.15). These show that perceptions of the long-term yield differ considerably and that the current management is somewhat on the conservative side from the perspective of maximum sustainable yield.