bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Free Radical Probe Based on a Preluminescent Iridium Complex Bearing a Nitronyl Radical Moiety
Authors: Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Kobayashi Minako , Takahashi Takuya , Awaga Kunio 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A novel iridium complex with an iminonitroxide bipyridine ligand, [Ir(ppy)2(MebpyIN)]Cl (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and MebpyIN = 4-methyl-4′-(1-oxyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolin-2-yl)-2,2′-bypyridine), was prepared as a preluminescent probe to detect free radicals. Although a related material, [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]Cl, exhibits strong red luminescence, the emission of [Ir(ppy)2(MebpyIN)]Cl was quenched nearly completely by the nitronyl radical moiety in the ligand. However, the carbon-centered free radicals, generated from azobisbutyronitrile by UV irradiation, brought about a dramatic recovery of the luminescence of [Ir(ppy)2(MebpyIN)]Cl, with a linear relation between the luminescence intensity, and the free radical concentrations up to 120 mM. EPR measurements indicated that the luminescence recovery was caused by the free radical trapping at the nitronyl-radical moiety.
Tetra(p-t-butyl)thiacalix[4]arenetetrol Forms 4:1 Complex with Tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin
Authors: Hirakawa Kazutaka , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A liquid–liquid extraction of cationic porphyrin (tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin, TMPyP) by tetra(p-t-butyl)thiacalix[4]arenetetrol (TCA) from an aqueous phase to a dichloromethane phase was performed. TCA stoichiometrically formed 4:1 complexes with TMPyP in dichloromethane phase within a few seconds. On the other hand, tetra(p-t-butyl)calix[4]arenetetrol did not form the complex with TMPyP.
The Measurement of Sociomoral Reasoning in Adolescents With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Investigation
Authors: Dooley Julian J. , Beauchamp Miriam , Anderson Vicki A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMoral reasoning skills are crucial for appropriate and adaptive social functioning. Impairments in moral reasoning have been associated with aggressive and violent behaviours. Traditional measures of moral reasoning may provide limited insight into daily behavioural functioning as these measures are dependent on several higher order cognitive skills and, as such, may be limited in their utility with certain clinical populations. In Study 1, new measures of sociomoral reasoning and maturity, the So-Moral and So-Mature, were described. Further, the psychometric properties of the So-Moral and So-Mature were investigated in a sample of 50 adolescents aged 11 to 19 (mean age = 14.5,SD= 2.6 years, 25 male). Preliminary support was found for the validity and reliability of both tasks. In Study 2, the clinical applicability of the So-Moral and So-Mature were examined in a sample 25 adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI; mean age = 13.8,SD= 2.3 years, 15 male). Response trends suggested that adolescents with TBI generated less developmentally mature responses to sociomoral dilemmas and those with more severe injuries performed most poorly. The sociomoral reasoning tasks described promote participant's emotional involvement and investment as well as being appropriate for use with clinical populations.
Challenges Faced and Lessons Learned in the Development of a New Measure of Social Competence for Children and Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
Authors: Muscara Frank , Catroppa Cathy , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Anderson Vicki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRecently, there has been a surge of interest and research in social functioning throughout childhood and adolescence, and how social development is affected by acquired brain injury (ABI). Despite ongoing research and theoretical advances, there remains a lack of specific, relevant and robust measurement tools that draw upon current clinical and social neuroscience knowledge, and which are developmental in nature, to assess social competence within the nonclinical and the ABI population. The aim of the current project was to develop a questionnaire to measure social competence and the quality of relationships of children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 18 years. This questionnaire, the Developmental Assessment of Social Competence (DASC), also aimed to be sensitive to the specific social problems often associated with children who have suffered ABI. The current article outlines the process and challenges faced in developing such a measure up to the initial pilot stage. Participants included a pilot group of 40 parents who completed the pilot questionnaire, as well as an established questionnaire that assesses social functioning. Parents rated their own children who were aged between 6 and 14 years, and who were within the nonclinical population. Preliminary analyses found that the children generally scored highly on the DASC, and that a higher score on most scales of the DASC tended to be associated with a higher score on an established questionnaire measuring social skills. These data are promising, and provide important information for the following stages of development and evaluation of this new questionnaire.
Measures of Participation Outcomes and Environmental Considerations for Children With Acquired Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ziviani Jenny , Desha Laura , Feeney Rachel , Boyd Rosyln 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis systematic review examined the psychometric properties and application of assessments used to evaluate participation outcomes and environmental factors for children with acquired brain injury (ABI). An electronic search of eight databases for articles published up to June 2009 revealed reference to 98 outcome measures. According to inclusion criteria based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF: Child and Youth version), five were identified as measures of participation (Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment [CAPE], Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation [CASP], Assessment of Life Habits for Children [LIFE-H], Participation Index of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Index [M2PI], and the Participation Subscale of the School Function Assessment [SFA-PS]). Six were identified as measures of environment (Child and Adolescent Scale of Environment [CASE], Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors [CHIEF], European Child Environment Questionnaire [ECEQ], Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes [FILE], HOME Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale [MSPSS]). The measures were critiqued in relation to content, validity, reliability, clinical utility, responsiveness, and overall strengths/weaknesses. These measures need to be evaluated more extensively with children who have ABI to further determine their psychometric properties and clinical usefulness with this population.
Henry of Ghent on the Reality of Non-Existing Possibles – Revisited
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
According to a well-known interpretation, Henry of Ghent holds that possible but non-existent essences – items merely with what Henry labels ‘esse essentiae’ – have some reality external to the divine mind, but short of actual existence (esse existentiae). I argue that this reading of Henry is mistaken. Furthermore, Henry identifies any essence, considered independently of its existence as a universal concept or as instantiated in a particular as an item that has some kind of reality in the divine intellect, and that constitutes an object of thought for that intellect. This object is distinguished from the universal concepts of creaturely cognition.
"Sons of White Fathers": Mulatto Vengeance and the Haitian Revolution in Victor Séjour's "The Mulatto"
Authors: Daut Marlene L. 
Published: June 2010

Marlene L. Daut, "'Sons of White Fathers': Mulatto Vengeance and the Haitian Revolution in Victor Séjour's 'The Mulatto'"(pp. 1–37)
Although many literary critics have traced the genealogy of the tragic mulatto/a to nineteenth-century U.S. letters, in this essay I argue that the theme of tragedy and the mixed-race character predates the mid-nineteenth-century work of Lydia Maria Child and William Wells Brown and cannot be considered a solely U.S. American concept. The image can also be traced to early-nineteenth-century French colonial literature, where the trope surfaced in conjunction with the image of the Haitian Revolution as a bloody race war. Through a reading of the Louisiana-born Victor Séjour's representation of the Haitian Revolution, "Le Mulâtre" or "The Mulatto," originally composed in French and first published in Paris in 1837, this essay considers the implications of the conflation of the literary history of the tragic mulatto/a with the literary history of the Haitian Revolution in one of the first short stories written by an American author of African descent.
Beyond the Cheated Eye: Dickinson's Lyric Sociality
Authors: Cull Ryan 
Published: June 2010

Ryan Cull, "Beyond the Cheated Eye: Dickinson's Lyric Sociality" (pp. 38–64)
During the past generation, Dickinson scholarship has shown how historicist and printculture methodologies can illuminate the social nexus of even a notoriously reticent figure. It has also had a broader impact on how we think about lyric poetry in general. For Emily Dickinson's experiments with dual authorship, hybrid-collage forms, and the blurring of stylistic and formal lines between poem and letter indicate the social embeddedness of what critics often still consider a private genre. This essay blends these two lines of thought in order to consider the lyric (and here, especially, Dickinson's lyrics) not only as a socio-historically embedded form but also as a form that may have application to our theorizing of the social. The essay argues that in a sequence of poems and letters in the period from 1862 to 1863 Dickinson identifies a possessiveness at the heart of the lyrical subjectivity that poisons social relations and stands as the most pervasive legacy of Romanticism. The essay then shows how Dickinson criticism, which can serve as a microcosm of critical trends in general, critiques but never casts aside this post-Romantic subjectivity that still limits our social theorizing. Then it shows how Dickinson seeks to do just this, to present within her lyrics an alternative poetic subjectivity that makes possible a revolutionary, pacifistic (though not passive) form of social relation.
Owning "the dreadful truth"; Or, Is Thirty-Five Too Old?: Age and the Marriageable Body in Wilkie Collins's Armadale
Authors: Niles Lisa 
Published: June 2010

Lisa Niles, "Owning 'the dreadful truth'; Or, Is Thirty-Five Too Old?: Age and the Marriageable Body in Wilkie Collins's Armadale" (pp. 65–92)
Wilkie Collins's Armadale (1864–66) offers a sensational critique of the increasing popularity of cosmetics usage in 1860s London and its relationship to perceptions of aging and the marriage market. Looking younger than her thirty-five years, Collins's antiheroine Lydia Gwilt challenges the terms upon which Victorian society constructed a middle-class, marriageable female identity. In Lydia, Collins produces a character that succeeds in a competitive marriage market by performing a simulacrum of youth. And the narrative suggests that her beauty depends not merely upon Nature but also upon her knowledge of the arts of its preservation, particularly as Gwilt is associated with Mother Oldershaw, a fictive double for Madame Rachel, the infamous London cosmetics purveyor who stood trial for fraud in 1868. By examining the novel alongside Punch cartoons, trial transcripts, beauty manuals, and reviews, I claim that Lydia Gwilt's character resists a simplistic cosmetics-as-fraud reading and exposes a public whose desires are predicated upon the fraudulent practices it critiques. The artificial threat that cosmetics serve functions as a site through which to explore the real threat—the criminality of a body that successfully passes as younger in a marriage market dependent upon regularizing youth and demarcating age. To be thirty-five and look it is unremarkable, perhaps pitiable; to be thirty-five and not look it is a crime.
Hurricane Impacts to Lake Okeechobee: Altered Hydrology Creates Difficult Management Trade Offs
Authors: Rogers Mark W. , Allen Michael S. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Human modifications to ecosystems can excerbate effects of natural disturbances, but interactions between disturbance and altered hydrology are rarely assessed. Lake Okeechobee, Florida, was impacted by four large hurricanes in 2004–2005 that caused large lake-wide reductions in the coverage and biomass of aquatic macrophytes. We quantified dramatic changes in the aquatic plant and littoral fish assemblage after hurricanes, including decreased fish richness, diversity, and biomass, and large reductions in the species that support important fisheries. Human-induced hydrologic changes prevented the lake from expanding to the historically connected floodplain during and following hurricanes, which likely exacerbated impacts to aquatic plant and fish communities. Altered hydrology has complicated management scenarios for returning the lake to pre-hurricane conditions because policy options that will initiate recovery at Lake Okeechobee (i.e., lower water levels) will exert negative impacts on east and west coast Florida estuaries. Anthropogenic modifications raise difficult trade-offs for ecosystem restoration.
Climate Change, Ecosystem Impacts, and Management for Pacific Salmon
Authors: Schindler Daniel E. , Augerot Xan , Fleishman Erica , Mantua Nathan J. , Riddell Brian , Ruckelshaus Mary , Seeb Jim , Webster Michael 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
As climate change intensifies, there is increasing interest in developing models that reduce uncertainties in projections of global climate and refine these projections to finer spatial scales. Forecasts of climate impacts on ecosystems are far more challenging and their uncertainties even larger because of a limited understanding of physical controls on biological systems. Management and conservation plans that explicitly account for changing climate are rare and even those generally rely on retrospective analyses rather than future scenarios of climatic conditions and associated responses of specific ecosystems. Using past biophysical relationships as a guide to predicting the impacts of future climate change assumes that the observed relationships will remain constant. However, this assumption involves a long chain of uncertainty about future greenhouse gas emissions, climate sensitivity to changes in greenhouse gases, and the ecological consequences of climate change. These uncertainties in forecasting biological responses to changing climate highlight the need for resource management and conservation policies that are robust to unknowns and responsive to change. We suggest how policy might develop despite substantial uncertainties about the future state of salmon ecosystems.
Introduced Fish
Authors: Whittier Thomas R. , Aitkin J. Kevin 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
There is concern that the non-native bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix), now found in many large rivers of the Mississippi River Basin, may spread to other regions. However, evidence suggests that their eggs may not be able to survive in soft water. We used the distribution of water hardness values from rivers where bighead and silver carps appear to be reproducing to approximate the potential minimum water hardness needed for egg survival. We then used water hardness data from over 3,000 stream and river sites across the contiguous United States to classify ecoregions as soft water or hard water, relative to carp reproduction. In 24 ecoregions, comprising 20.7% of land area, the 75th percentile of water hardness values were less than 65 mg/L CaCO3. These soft-water areas included New England, most of the Southeast, and western portions of the Pacific Northwest. Nearly all areas with bighead and silver carp reproduction were in hard-water ecoregions. Exceptions in soft-water regions were in rivers originating in hard-water regions.
Outlaw Fishing in Missouri
Authors: Morgan Mark 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
This study describes hand fishers and their unique method of harvesting catfish. Although the Missouri state legislature outlawed hand fishing in 1919, a segment of anglers still practice this sport. In 2000, some of the participants met with officials from the Missouri Department of Conservation and requested a legalized hand fishing season. Their petition was denied, partly due to the lack of information about this activity. A mail-back questionnaire was administered to hand fishers in Missouri and nearly 5 6% of them responded to the survey. Results indicated that hand fishers were primarily males who lived in rural areas of the state. Participants went hand fishing about 13 times per year (x = 12.5) and caught approximately 10 catfish annually {x = 10.4). A profile of hand fishers was developed and sent to decision-makers to assist them with policy formation. Since hand fishers reported numerous ways of catching catfish (only 1 5% used their hands exclusively), a better description of these participants is needed.
Socioeconomic Lessons Learned from the Response to the Federally-Declared West Coast Groundfish Disaster
Authors: Conway Flaxen , Shaw Wesley 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Congress responded to the 2000 West Coast groundfish disaster by allocating $5 million in disaster relief for Oregon, Washington, and California. Each state designed and executed its own disaster response program to help impacted members of the fishing industry and coastal communities to cope with the downturn. While the federal goals for the funding were identical, each state created different relief programs. Oregon focused on helping individual members of the fishing community to access social services. Washington focused on economic development of coastal towns. California focused on payments to impacted individuals and cooperative fisheries research. While federal responses to fisheries disasters cost the government millions of dollars each year, they are rarely researched and poorly understood. The goal of this project was to document responses to the disaster (focusing on Oregon), explore useful comparisons, and extract possible lessons learned. Results indicate that people working in the fishing industry face many obstacles to leaving the fishery, and that aggressive, well-planned outreach programs are necessary for efforts to directly help members of the fishing community through fishery disasters. It is hoped that the lessons learned in this project will help both decision makers and those impacted by future fishery disaster responses.
Developing a Mechanistic Understanding of Fish Migrations by Linking Telemetry with Physiology, Behavior, Genomics and Experimental Biology: An Interdisciplinary Case Study on Adult Fraser River Sockeye Salmon
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Hinch S. G. , Farrell A. P. , Patterson D. A. , Miller-Saunders K. , Welch D. W. , Donaldson M. R. , Hanson K. C. , Crossin G. T. , Mathes M. T. , Lotto A. G. , Hruska K. A. , Olsson I. C. , Wagner G. N. , Thomson R. , Hourston R. , English K. K. , Larsson S. , Shrimpton J. M. , Van der Kraak G. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Fish migration represents one of the most complex and intriguing biological phenomena in the animal kingdom. How do fish migrate such vast distances? What are the costs and benefits of migration? Some of these fundamental questions have been addressed through the use of telemetry. However, telemetry alone has not and will not yield a complete understanding of the migration biology of fish a or provide solutions to problems such as identifying physical barriers to migration or understanding potential impacts of climate change. Telemetry can be coupled with other tools and techniques to yield new insights into animal biology. Using Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as a model, we summarize the advances that we have made in understanding salmonid migration biology through the integration of disciplines (i.e., interdisciplinary research) including physiology, behavior, functional genomics, and experimental biology. We also discuss opportunities for using large-scale telemetry arrays and taking a more experimental approach to studies of fish migration that use telemetry (i.e., intervention studies involving endocrine implants, simulated migration studies) rather than simply focusing on descriptive or correlational techniques. Only through integrative and interdisciplinary research will it be possible to understand the mechanistic basis of fish migrations and to predict and possibly mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic impacts. Telemetry is a tool that has the potential to integrate research across disciplines and between the lab and the field to advance the science of fish migration biology. The techniques that we have applied to the study of Pacific salmon are equally relevant to other fish taxa in both marine and freshwater systems as well as migratory animals beyond ichthyofauna. The interdisciplinary approach used here was essential to address a pressing and complex conservation problem association with sockeye salmon migration.
Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes
Authors: Jelks Howard L. , Walsh Stephen J. , Burkhead Noel M. , Contreras-Balderas Salvador , Diaz-Pardo Edmundo , Hendrickson Dean A. , Lyons John , Mandrak Nicholas E. , McCormick Frank , Nelson Joseph S. , Platania Steven P. , Porter Brady A. , Renaud Claude B. , Schmitter-Soto Juan Jacobo , Taylor Eric B. , Warren Melvin L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, vulnerable) plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society'S Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 thretened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management.