bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin impulse excitation of spinal sensory neurons in developingXenopus laevis(Daudin) tadpoles
Authors: James Lisa J. , Soffe Stephen R. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYResponses to gentle touch in young Xenopus tadpoles are mediated by spinal cord sensory Rohon–Beard neurons. Tadpoles also respond to noxious stimuli that elicit ‘skin impulses’, which propagate between epithelial cells over the whole body surface, somehow entering the CNS to generate a response. After hatching (∼48 h post-fertilization), skin impulse signals enter the CNS only via cranial nerves, but previous evidence suggested the possibility of direct entry to the spinal cord before this (∼24 h). We have used behavioural and electrophysiological methods to explore the developmental pattern of skin impulse entry into the spinal cord and the involvement of Rohon–Beard neurons. Lesioning confirmed that skin impulse signals can directly enter the spinal cord in young embryos, but access decreases over ∼12 h and disappears soon after hatching. Electrical recordings from central Rohon–Beard axons in young embryos showed firing in response to skin impulses. However, unit recordings from Rohon–Beard somata showed that individuals that responded to touch within a characteristic, localised receptive field did not fire to skin impulses, whereas others from similar locations responded reliably. Developmental loss of skin impulse access to the spinal cord mirrored the known spread of sensitivity to gentle touch as the peripheral mechanosensory endings of Rohon–Beard neurons mature. Together, these results suggest that Rohon–Beard neurons respond to skin impulses only while immature, providing a transitory route for skin impulses to excite the CNS. In this way, Rohon–Beard neurons would mediate responses first to noxious and then to localised, gentle touch stimuli as the neurons developed.
Redox Reaction of Bis(dithiolene)sulfidotungsten(IV) Complex with Elemental Sulfur: Functional Analogs of Polysulfide Reductase of Molybdoenzymes
Authors: Sugimoto Hideki , Tajima Reiko , Toyota Kazuo , Miyake Hiroyuki , Itoh Shinobu 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The reaction of bis(dithiolene)sulfidotungsten(IV) complex with elemental sulfur yielded bis(dithiolene)(tetrasulfido)tungsten(IV) complex. A labeling experiment using 34S has indicated that the reaction is reversible and a sulfido(trisulfido)tungsten(VI) species is involved as an intermediate. The reaction represents a model reaction of polysulfide reductase of molybdoenzymes.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Oxidative Alkenylation of Arenes via Regioselective C–H Bond Cleavage Directed by a Nitrogen-containing Group
Authors: Hashimoto Yuto , Ueyama Takumi , Fukutani Tatsuya , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Direct alkenylation of 1-phenylpyrazoles with alkenes such as acrylates accompanied by regioselective C–H bond cleavage proceeds efficiently under ruthenium catalysis in the presence of a copper oxidant. The procedure is also applicable to 2-phenylbenzothiazole and benzanilide.
Epitaphic Nation: The Problem of the South and Necropolitics in Early Modern Vietnamese National Literature
Authors: Thu-Hương Nguyễn-Võ 
Published: September 2011

Whoever goes down to Bà Ria and happens by the cemetery in the sand at the village of Phu'ó'c Lě, I beg you to go in that cemetery and look for the grave with a cross painted half black, half white, by the side of the Church of Martyrs–to visit that grave lest it become pitiful. Because it has been two years since anyone visited or cast as much as a glance.—Nguyễn Trong QuanSO opens nguyễn trọng quản's thẩy lazaro phiển (“lazaro phiển” 22). The narrative begins at an obscure gravesite evokes the life of a man as both victim of state violence and perpetrator of private deaths. Lazaro Phiển is a ictional work written in the romanized script and was published in Saigon in 1887 in a novelistic format almost forty years before Hoàng Ngọc Phách's Tố Tâm. Yet the latter, published in Hanoi in 1925, is oten touted in official literary history as the first modern Vietnamese novel. Although Nguyễn Trọng Qu.n's narrative revolves around the recovery of an elided story, the author could not have anticipated the elision of his work from a nationalist literary genealogy that locates the origin of modern Vietnamese literature in the North. he elision was part of a general omission of works from the South in the last decades of the nineteenth century and irst two decades of the twentieth. his genealogy was by no means limited to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the North but was also perpetuated in the Republic of Vietnam in the South ater independence and the partitioning of the country into North and South in 1954
Bilateral Fatigue Fracture of the Femoral Components in a Cruciate-retaining Cementless Total Knee Prosthesis
Authors: Saito Shu , Tokuhashi Yasuaki , Ishii Takao , Mori Sei , Hosaka Kunihiro , Ryu Keinosuke , Suzuki Gen 
Published: September 2011

This article reports a case of bilateral fatigue fracture of the femoral components in a cruciate-retaining uncemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A 75-year-old woman (height, 158 cm; weight, 72 kg; body mass index, 29.2) had undergone one-stage bilateral TKA for osteoarthritis 11 years previously at the author’s institution. Surgery was performed using an uncemented Flexible Nichidai Knee. Equal tension of the collateral ligaments and normal mechanical axis were achieved during the primary procedure. The patient was an ardent lover of the game of badminton and had higher activity levels with daily playing. At 8 years postoperatively, she started complaining of mild pain in both knees. The pain gradually increased, and at 11 years postoperatively, she had difficulty walking. Anteroposterior radiographs showed narrowing of the medial joint space, indicating wear of the polyethylene insert. Lateral radiographs showed signs of broken implants in both knees. There were no signs of gross implant loosening or osteolysis. One-stage revision surgery was performed, and the knees were converted to cemented posterior-stabilized TKAs. At revision, the bilateral femoral components were found to be fractured at the junction between the trochlear flange and the medial condyle, anteriorly to the medial peg. The polyethylene insert showed mild wear at the medial middle portion.
In the majority of case reports, stress fractures of the femoral component have predominantly affected the medial condyle, following uncemented implantation of fixed-bearing knees. In this case, failure of bone ingrowth in uncemented components, higher body mass index, and a higher athletic activity led to fatigue fracture of the femoral components.
Bio‐Sintering/Bio‐Fusion of Silica in Sponge Spicules
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Wiens Matthias , Schloßmacher Ute , Jochum Klaus Peter , Schröder Heinz C. , Müller Werner E. G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of siliceous spicules in both demosponges and hexactinellids is enzymatically driven via silicatein. This enzyme exists both intra‐spicularly and in the extra‐spicular space. It catalyzes the formation of bio‐silica constituting the silica lamellae that are formed during the appositional (layer‐by‐layer) growth of the spicules. The extent of (bio‐silica forming) activity of silicatein from the demosponge Suberites domuncula measured in vitro reflects the amount of bio‐silica required for the formation of spicules in vivo. It is shown that during growth and maturation of the spicules in demosponges a bio‐fusion process occurs that results in an intra‐spicular sintering of the silica lamellae to form compact silica rods. The morphological characterization of the globular asters (microscleres) from the demosponge Geodia cydonium revealed that these spherical spicules are formed from a tuft of silicatein filaments which radiate from a common origin. While in demosponges a complete intra‐spicular bio‐sintering/bio‐fusion process occurs, this process is incomplete in hexactinellid spicules. There, only the most inner lamellae of the spicules fuse leaving the more peripheral silica lamellae separate. However, within this class of sponges several families (example Euplectella aspergillum) show a bio‐sintering process between individual spicules. There, bio‐silica is secondarily deposited onto mature spicules, giving rise to an ordered array of bio‐silica bridges. Furthermore we report that for the formation of the strong and stiff bio‐silica skeleton of sponges a hardening process is required that is (presumable) driven by cell‐membrane bound aquaporin channels which allow the removal of water, released during the bio‐silica polycondensation reaction.
Combination of Graphene Oxide and Thiol‐Activated DNA Metallization for Sensitive Fluorescence Turn‐On Detection of Cysteine and Their Use for Logic Gate Operations
Authors: Lin Youhui , Tao Yu , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this work, a unique, highly sensitive and selective fluorescence turn‐on approach for cysteine detection using an ensemble of graphene oxide (GO) and metallized DNA is reported. The method is based on the extraordinarily high quenching efficiency of GO and the specific interaction between cysteine and metallized DNA via robust Ag–S bonds. In the presence of GO, the dye‐labeled single‐stranded DNA shows weak fluorescence, while it exhibits a dramatic fluorescence increase upon the formation of the double helix through the “activated” metallized DNA by cysteine. In addition, the protocol shows excellent selectivity for cysteine over various other amino acids found in proteins. Importantly, by exploring GO–DNA interactions and the thiol‐mediated DNA hybridization, our sensing system can also be utilized to design the “OR” and “INHIBIT” logic gates using cysteine and DNA as inputs. To the author's knowledge, this method is the first example of combining GO and DNA metallization to fabricate a turn‐on fluorescent sensor for cysteine and logic gates.
A Biologically Active Surface Enzyme Assembly that Attenuates Thrombus Formation
Authors: Qu Zheng , Muthukrishnan Sharmila , Urlam Murali K. , Haller Carolyn A. , Jordan Sumanas W. , Kumar Vivek A. , Marzec Ulla M. , Elkasabi Yaseen , Lahann Joerg , Hanson Stephen R. , Chaikof Elliot L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractActivation of hemostatic pathways by blood‐contacting materials remains a major hurdle in the development of clinically durable artificial organs and implantable devices. Here, it is postulated that surface‐induced thrombosis may be attenuated by the reconstitution onto blood contacting surfaces of bioactive enzymes that regulate the production of thrombin, a central mediator of both coagulation and platelet activation cascades. Thrombomodulin (TM), a transmembrane protein expressed by endothelial cells, is an established negative regulator of thrombin generation in the circulatory system. Traditional techniques to covalently immobilize enzymes on solid supports may modify residues contained within or near the catalytic site, thus reducing the bioactivity of surface enzyme assemblies. In this report, a molecular engineering and bioorthogonal chemistry approach to site‐specifically immobilize a biologically active recombinant human TM fragment onto the luminal surface of small diameter prosthetic vascular grafts is presented. Bioactivity and biostability of TM modified grafts is confirmed in vitro and the capacity of modified grafts to reduce platelet activation is demonstrated using a non‐human primate model. These studies indicate that molecularly engineered interfaces that display TM actively limit surface‐induced thrombus formation.
Optical and Electro‐optical Materials Prepared by the Sol‐Gel Method
Authors: Zayat Marcos , Pardo Rosario , Castellón Erick , Torres Leonardo , Almendro David , Parejo Pilar G. , Álvarez Alberto , Belenguer Tomás , García‐Revilla Sara , Balda Rolindes , Fernández Joaquín , Levy David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough there are excellent contributions in the scientific literature covering most aspects of sol‐gel hybrid materials for optics and electro‐optics, this short review shall concentrate on the research activities of the Sol‐Gel Group (SGG) at Madrid in this field, describing recent progress and interdisciplinary approaches to materials with novel properties.
Prognostic implications of genetic aberrations in acute myelogenous leukemia with normal cytogenetics
Authors: Ghanem Hady , Tank Niki , Tabbara Imad A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous disease in which somatic mutations, that disturb cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation, accumulate in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cytogenetic findings, at diagnosis, have been proven to be one of the most important prognostic indicators in AML. About half of the patients with AML are found to have “normal” cytogenetic analysis by standard culture techniques. These patients are considered as an intermediate risk group. Cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML) is the largest cytogenetic risk group, and the variation in clinical outcome of patients in this group is greater than in any other cytogenetic group. Besides mutation testing, age and presenting white blood cell count are important predictors of overall survival, suggesting that other factors independent of cytogenetic abnormalities, contribute to the outcome of patients with AML. The expanding knowledge at the genetic and molecular levels is helping define several subgroups of patients with CN‐AML with variable prognosis. In this review, we describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of CN‐AML patients as a group, as well as the various molecular and genetic aberrations detected in these patients and their clinical and prognostic implications. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technical note: Estimating sex using cervical canine odontometrics: A test using a known sex sample
Authors: Hassett Brenna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe size of the permanent human canine tooth is one of the few sexually dimorphic features to be present in childhood and as such offers the opportunity to assist in the identification of sex in remains where no other appropriate criteria exist, such as in subadults. However, canine odontometrics are often associated with high levels of interobserver error and can be difficult to access if dentition is in situ. Additionally, appropriate points of measurement can be difficult to identify if the tooth is worn. Alternate measurements of the cervical canine diameters have been proposed as solutions to these issues, but the utility of these measurements in estimating sex has not been conclusively demonstrated. This study uses the buccolingual and mesiodistal cervical diameter of the canines from a known‐sex sample from St. Bride's Church, London and a partially known‐sex sample from the Old Church, Chelsea, London to classify individuals as male or female. A discriminant function classification using these diameters successfully identifies sex in 93.8% of the known‐sex assemblage and 95% of the partially osteologically estimated sex assemblage. It is suggested that cervical canine diameters are highly repeatable measurements with low interobserver error, can be obtained on worn and in situ teeth, and provide as good or better guidance on estimating sex in human remains as standard maximal diameters. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regio‐ and Chemoselective Metalation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Using Hindered Metal Amide Bases
Authors: Haag Benjamin , Mosrin Marc , Ila Hiriyakkanavar , Malakhov Vladimir , Knochel Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe preparation of highly functionalized organometallic compounds can be achieved by direct CH activation of a broad range of unsaturated substrates using lithium chloride solubilized 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide bases (TMPnMXm⋅p LiCl). These are excellent reagents for converting a wide range of aromatic and heterocyclic substrates into valuable organometallic reagents with broad applications in organic synthesis.
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic PMTFPS‐b‐PEO diblock copolymers
Authors: Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Bi , Zhang Qinghua , Yi Lingmin , Jiang Bo , Chen Fengqiu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of new amphiphilic poly[methyl(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl) siloxane]‐b‐poly(ethyleneoxide) (PMTFPS‐b‐PEO) diblock copolymers with different ratio of hydrophobic segment to hydrophilic segment were prepared by coupling reactions of end‐functional PMTFPS and PEO homopolymers. PMTFPS‐b‐PEO diblock copolymers synthesized were shown to be well defined and narrow molecular weight distributed by characterizations such as NMR, GPC, and FTIR. Additionally, the solution properties of these diblock copolymers were investigated using tensiometry and transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the critical micellization concentration increases with increasing length of hydrophobic chain. Transmission electron microscopy studies showed that PMTFPS‐b‐PEO diblock copolymers in water preferentially aggregated into vesicles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Study on phenolic resin beads: Effect of reaction parameters on the properties of polymeric beads
Authors: Shrivastava Smriti , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Singh Beer , Shah D. , Verma A. K. , Gutch P. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWell‐sized spherical beads of phenolic resin (0.3–1.2 mm) with an extremely high compressive strength (>8 kg/1.0 mm bead) and hardness (>98%) were synthesized via suspension polymerization of phenol and formaldehyde. Barium hydroxide was used as a catalyst (1.68–10.13 wt %) to get larger size of resin beads. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (5.0–12.5 wt %) and hexamethylene tetramine were used as stabilizing agent and crosslinking agent, respectively. Comprehensive studies elucidated a specific relation between the reaction parameters and properties of the resin beads. Yield was found proportional to catalyst concentration and inversely proportional to stabilizing agent concentration. Particle size distribution curves got contracted and shifted toward a lower size range with higher concentration of catalyst and stabilizing agent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Novel in situ carbon nanofiber/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites: Synthesis, morphology, and physico‐mechanical properties
Authors: Roy Nabarun , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA series of carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based nanocomposites was prepared by anionic ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in presence of pristine CNF and amine‐modified CNF. A detailed study of morphology–property relationship of the nanocomposites was carried out in order to understand the effect of chemical modification and loading of filler on property enhancement of the nanocomposites. An elaborate comparison of structure and properties was carried out for the nanocomposites prepared by in situ and conventional ex situ methods. Pronounced improvement in degree of dispersion of the fillers in the matrix on amine modification of CNFs was reflected in mechanical properties of the modified nanocomposites. Maximum upliftment in mechanical properties was observed for in situ prepared amine modified CNF/hydroxyl PDMS nanocomposites. For 8 phr filler loading, tensile strength increased by 370%, while tensile modulus showed an increase of 515% compared with the virgin elastomer. Furthermore, in situ prepared unmodified CNF/hydroxyl PDMS nanocomposites showed an increase of 141°C in temperature of maximum degradation (Tmax) for 8 phr CNF loading. These results were correlated with the morphological analysis through transmission electron microscopic studies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Working with Chinese Patients: Are there Conflicts Between Chinese Culture and Psychoanalysis?
Authors: Zhong Jie 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTDespite differences between Chinese culture and Western culture (Sun, 2004), modern Chinese are gradually accepting psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy as options for dealing with psychological problems and inner conflicts (Gerlach, 1999). Through my own experience of being analyzed and vignettes from my clinical practice as a Chinese analytic psychotherapist, I argue that: (1) although there are conflicts at philosophic and cultural levels between Chinese culture and psychoanalysis, modern Chinese may have varying experiences in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic situations and (2) such cultural conflicts cannot be ignored or regarded only as defenses in the psychoanalytic situation in China. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women have Relatively Larger Brains than Men: A Comment on the Misuse of General Linear Models in the Study of Sexual Dimorphism
Authors: Forstmeier Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGeneral linear models (GLM) have become such universal tools of statistical inference, that their applicability to a particular data set is rarely questioned. These models are designed to minimize residuals along the y‐axis, while assuming that the predictor (x‐axis) is free of statistical noise (ordinary least square regression, OLS). However, in practice, this assumption is often violated, which can lead to erroneous conclusions, particularly when two predictors are correlated with each other. This is best illustrated by two examples from the study of allometry, which have received great interest: (1) the question of whether men or women have relatively larger brains after accounting for body size differences, and (2) whether men indeed have shorter index fingers relative to ring fingers (digit ratio) than women. In depth analysis of these examples clearly shows that GLMs produce spurious sexual dimorphism in body shape where there is none (e.g. relative brain size). Likewise, they may fail to detect existing sexual dimorphisms in which the larger sex has the lower trait values (e.g. digit ratio) and, conversely, tend to exaggerate sexual dimorphism in which the larger sex has the relatively larger trait value (e.g. most sexually selected traits). These artifacts can be avoided with reduced major axis regression (RMA), which simultaneously minimizes residuals along both the x and the y‐axis. Alternatively, in cases where isometry can be established there are no objections against and good reasons for the continued use of ratios as a simple means of correcting for size differences. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Substituted‐1,3,2‐Diazaphosphole 1‐Oxides
Authors: Naidu Kalla Reddi Mohan , Rao Pasupuleti Visweswara , Raju Chamarthi Naga , Srinivasulu Kambam 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSynthesis of 1‐substituted‐1,3,2‐diazaphosphole 1‐oxides (3a–l) were accomplished via a two‐step process. It involves the preparation of diazaphospholo 1‐oxide monochloride intermediate (2) and its subsequent reaction with phenols/amino acid esters in dry THF in the presence of triethylamine at 40–45°C. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. The title compounds were evaluated for their in‐vitro antioxidant properties.
Synthesis and In‐vivo Evaluation of Carbonyl‐amide Linkage Based New Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Shaikh Irfan N. , Hosamani Kallappa M. , Seetharamareddy Harisha R. , Hugar Mallinath H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn search of pharmacologically active potent compounds, a series of carbonyl‐amide linkage based new benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized from acid, aldehydes and isocyanide at ambient temperature via Passerini reaction. All the compounds synthesized were screened for their potential anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticonvulsant properties. The results revealed that compounds 2i and 2j were found to be the most potent anti‐inflammatory agents, while compounds 2a, 2c, 2e, 2f, 2i and 2j showed increased antidiabetic activity than the reference drugs and 2a, 2g, 2h, 2i and 2j were found to be the main structural requirement for maintaining anticonvulsant activity.