bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm for Difficult Airway Management, Modified for Modern Optical Devices (Airtraq Laryngoscope; LMA CTrach ™)
Authors: Amathieu Roland , Combes Xavier , Abdi Widad , Housseini Loutfi El , Rezzoug Ahmed , Dinca Andrei , Slavov Velislav , Bloc Sébastien , Dhonneur Gilles 
Published: December 2010

Background
Because algorithms for difficult airway management, including the use of new optical tracheal intubation devices, require prospective evaluation in routine practice, we prospectively assessed an algorithm for difficult airway management that included two new airway devices.

Methods
After 6 months of instruction, training, and clinical testing, 15 senior anesthesiologists were asked to use an established algorithm for difficult airway management in anesthetized and paralyzed patients. Abdominal, gynecologic, and thyroid surgery patients were enrolled. Emergency, obstetric, and patients considered at risk of aspiration were excluded. If tracheal intubation using a Macintosh laryngoscope was impossible, the Airtraq laryngoscope (VYGON, Ecouen, France) was recommended as a first step and the LMA CTrach™ (SEBAC, Pantin, France) as a second. A gum elastic bougie was advocated to facilitate tracheal access with the Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes. If ventilation with a facemask was impossible, the LMA CTrach™ was to be used, followed, if necessary, by transtracheal oxygenation. Patient characteristics, adherence to the algorithm, efficacy, and early complications were recorded.

Results
Overall, 12,225 patients were included during 2 yr. Intubation was achieved using the Macintosh laryngoscope in 98% cases. In the remainder of the cases (236), a gum elastic bougie was used with the Macintosh laryngoscope in 207 (84%). The Airtraq laryngoscope success rate was 97% (27 of 28). The LMA CTrach™ allowed rescue ventilation (n = 2) and visually directed tracheal intubation (n = 3). In one patient, ventilation by facemask was impossible, and the LMA CTrach™ was used successfully.

Conclusions
Tracheal intubation can be achieved successfully in a large cohort of patients with a new management algorithm incorporating the use of gum elastic bougie, Airtraq, and LMA CTrach™ devices.
Differential Effects of Prenylation andS-Acylation on Type I and II ROPS Membrane Interaction and Function
Authors: Sorek Nadav , Gutman Orit , Bar Einat , Abu-Abied Mohamad , Feng Xuehui , Running Mark P. , Lewinsohn Efraim , Ori Naomi , Sadot Einat , Henis Yoav I. , Yalovsky Shaul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPrenylation primarily by geranylgeranylation is required for membrane attachment and function of type I Rho of Plants (ROPs) and Gγ proteins, while type II ROPs are attached to the plasma membrane by S-acylation. Yet, it is not known how prenylation affects ROP membrane interaction dynamics and what are the functional redundancy and specificity of type I and type II ROPs. Here, we have used the expression of ROPs in mammalian cells together with geranylgeranylation and CaaX prenylation-deficient mutants to answer these questions. Our results show that the mechanism of type II ROP S-acylation and membrane attachment is unique to plants and likely responsible for the viability of plants in the absence of CaaX prenylation activity. The prenylation of ROPs determines their steady-state distribution between the plasma membrane and the cytosol but has little effect on membrane interaction dynamics. In addition, the prenyl group type has only minor effects on ROP function. Phenotypic analysis of the CaaX prenylation-deficient pluripetala mutant epidermal cells revealed that type I ROPs affect cell structure primarily on the adaxial side, while type II ROPs are functional and induce a novel cell division phenotype in this genetic background. Taken together, our studies show how prenyl and S-acyl lipid modifications affect ROP subcellular distribution, membrane interaction dynamics, and function.
The effect of ethinylestradiol‐containing contraceptives on the serum concentration of olanzapine and N‐desmethyl olanzapine
Authors: Haslemo Tore , Refsum Helge , Molden Espen 
Published: December 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Olanzapine is metabolized via CYP1A2, which is inhibited by ethinylestradiol‐containing contraceptives (ECC). WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS • A lower serum concentration of the metabolite N‐desmethyl olanzapine during co‐administration of ECC confirms a CYP1A2‐inhibitory action of ethinyl estradiol.• The CYP1A2‐inhibitory action of ethinylestradiol does not provide a clinically relevant change in serum concentrations of unmetabolized olanzapine.• Concurrent use of ECC is not expected to increase the side effect risk of olanzapineAIM To investigate the potential interaction between olanzapine, a CYP1A2 substrate, and ethinylestradiol‐containing contraceptives (ECC).METHODS The study was carried out at a routine therapeutic drug monitoring service. To identify patients who were co‐administered ECC or other contraceptives, a questionnaire was sent to the physician who ordered serum monitoring of olanzapine for women aged 18–40 years during an 18 month period. The physicians were asked to provide information about contraceptive use and smoking habits. When questionnaires were returned by the physicians, the respective serum concentration data were included in the analysis. Patients were stratified into users of ECC, progestogen‐based contraceptives (PBC) or no contraceptives. Dose‐adjusted serum concentrations of olanzapine and the metabolite N‐desmethyl olanzapine were compared between the subgroups.RESULTS A total of 149 patients were included in the study (10 ECC users and 10 PBC users). In users of ECC, we found no differences in serum concentrations of olanzapine, but significantly lower concentrations of the CYP1A2‐mediated metabolite N‐desmethyl olanzapine compared with users of PBC (P = 0.019) and non‐contraceptive users (P = 0.012).CONCLUSION The present study confirms that ECC exhibit CYP1A2‐inhibitory properties in terms of significantly lower exposure of N‐desmethyl olanzapine. However, the inhibition does not provide clinically relevant changes in serum concentrations of olanzapine.
Relationship of endotoxin and tobacco smoke exposure to wheeze and diurnal peak expiratory flow variability in children and adolescents
Authors: LAWSON Joshua A. , DOSMAN James A. , RENNIE Donna C. , BEACH Jeremy , NEWMAN Stephen C. , SENTHILSELVAN Ambikaipakan 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The relationship between endotoxin exposure and asthma severity (wheeze and airways obstruction) is not well described. The effects of endotoxin and tobacco smoke exposure on self‐reported wheeze and diurnal PEF variability (DV‐PEF) were examined in children aged 6–18 years with asthma or wheeze.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was performed in a rural area. From this study, children who reported wheeze in the previous 12 months or a physician diagnosis of asthma (n = 98) were selected for a case–control study. These subjects, who were the basis for the present analysis, completed: (i) a home environmental assessment, including dust collection to measure endotoxin levels: (ii) a clinic visit, including saliva collection to measure cotinine levels; and (iii) 2 week monitoring of twice daily symptom records, including wheeze, and PEF to calculate DV‐PEF.Results:  Among these children, 22.4% reported wheeze during the monitoring period. Greater DV‐PEF was associated with higher endotoxin loads in play areas (P < 0.05). The association between salivary cotinine levels and high DV‐PEF was modified by gender. In females, higher cotinine levels were associated with an increased risk of high DV‐PEF compared with lower cotinine levels (P < 0.05), but this was not observed among males.Conclusions:  Higher endotoxin exposure was associated with greater DV‐PEF among children with asthma or wheeze. While previous studies have suggested that endotoxin exposure protects against the development of asthma, individuals with the disease should avoid high exposure levels to limit exacerbations. The effect of tobacco smoke exposure on lung health may differ between male and female children.
Dopamine agonists in the treatment of prolactinoma: are they still first choice?
Authors: Ogilvie C. M. , Milsom S. R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDopamine agonist therapy has been the cornerstone treatment for prolactinoma since the 1970s, replacing surgery in the primary management of this condition. These agents are effective in the management of prolactin excess, have a low side‐effect profile, and in some cases may even be curative. However, recent studies of high dose dopamine agonists used in Parkinson's disease have raised the possibility that these drugs may be associated with cardiac valvulopathy. This paper discusses the modern use of dopamine agonists in a patient with prolactinoma.
Advances in melanoma senescence and potential clinical application
Authors: Giuliano Sandy , Ohanna Mickaël , Ballotti Robert , Bertolotto Corine 
Published: December 2010

SummaryNormal cells possess a limited proliferative life span, after which they enter a state of irreversible growth arrest, called replicative senescence, which acts as a potent barrier against transformation. Transformed cells have escaped the process of replicative senescence and theoretically can not re‐enter senescence. However, recent observations showed that transformed cells, and particularly the melanoma cells, can still undergo oncogene or stress‐induced senescence. This senescence state is accompanied by many of the markers associated with replicative senescence, such as flattened shape, increased acidic β‐galactosidase activity, characteristic changes in gene expression and growth arrest. Interestingly, in some cancers, senescence induction following chemotherapy has been correlated with a favorable patient outcome. In this review, we gathered recent results describing senescence‐like phenotype induction in melanoma cells and discuss why senescence may also be exploited as a therapeutic strategy in melanoma.
Effects of Clopidogrel and Aspirin on Platelet Aggregation, Thromboxane Production, and Serotonin Secretion in Horses
Authors: Brainard B.M. , Epstein K.L. , LoBato D. , Kwon S. , Papich M.G. , Moore J.N. 
Published: December 2010

Background:Critically ill horses are susceptible to thrombotic disease, which might be related to increased platelet reactivity and activation.Objectives:To compare the effect of oral clopidogrel and aspirin (ASA) on equine platelet function.Animals:Six healthy adult horses.Methods:Horses received clopidogrel (2 mg/kg PO q24h) or ASA (5 mg/kg PO q24h) for 5 days in a prospective randomized cross‐over design. Platelet aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen via optical aggregometry, and platelet secretion of serotonin (5HT) and production of thromboxane B2(TXB2) by ELISA were evaluated. In horses receiving clopidogrel, high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis for clopidogrel and its carboxylic‐acid metabolite SR 26334 was performed.Results:SR 26334 was identified in all clopidogrel‐treated horses, although the parent compound was not detected. Clopidogrel resulted in decreases in ADP‐induced platelet aggregation persisting for 120 hours after the final dose. ADP‐induced platelet aggregation decreased from a baseline of 70.2 ± 14.7% to a minimum of 15.9 ± 7.7% 24 hours after the final dose (P< .001). Collagen‐induced aggregation decreased from a baseline of 93 ± 9.5% to a minimum of 70.8 ± 16.9% 48 hours after the final dose (P< .001). ASA did not decrease platelet aggregation with either agonist. ASA decreased serum TXB2from a baseline value of 1310 ± 1045 to 128 ± 64 pg/mL within 24 hours (P< .01).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Clopidogrel effectively decreases ADP‐induced platelet aggregation in horses, and could have therapeutic applications for equine diseases associated with platelet activation.
The Cell Membrane as a Major Site of Damage during Aerosolization ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Thomas Richard J. , Webber Daniel , Hopkins Rebecca , Frost Andrew , Laws Thomas , Jayasekera Pramukh N. , Atkins Timothy 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to provide data on the survival and site of damage ofEscherichia colicells following aerosolization using two different techniques, nebulization and flow focusing. Four metabolic stains were assessed for their ability to detect respiratory activities and membrane homeostasis in aerosolizedE. colicells. The degree of sublethal injury increased significantly over the 10-min period of aerosolization inE. colicells aerosolized by using the Collison nebulizer, reaching up to 99.9% of the population. In contrast, a significantly lower proportion of the population was sublethally damaged during aerosolization using the flow-focusing aerosol generator (FFAG). Concomitantly, loss of membrane homeostasis increased at a higher rate in nebulized cells (68 to 71%) than in those aerosolized by using the FFAG (32 to 34%). The activities of respiratory enzymes decreased at increased rates in nebulized cells (27 to 37%) compared to the rates of decrease in cells aerosolized by using the FFAG (59 to 61%). The results indicate that the physiology of an aerosolized bacterium is linked to the method of aerosol generation and may affect the interpretation of a range of aerobiological phenomenon.
Diversion of Flux toward Sesquiterpene Production inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby Fusion of Host and Heterologous Enzymes
Authors: Albertsen Line , Chen Yun , Bach Lars S. , Rattleff Stig , Maury Jerome , Brix Susanne , Nielsen Jens , Mortensen Uffe H. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe ability to transfer metabolic pathways from the natural producer organisms to the well-characterized cell factorySaccharomyces cerevisiaeis well documented. However, as many secondary metabolites are produced by collaborating enzymes assembled in complexes, metabolite production in yeast may be limited by the inability of the heterologous enzymes to collaborate with the native yeast enzymes. This may cause loss of intermediates by diffusion or degradation or due to conversion of the intermediate through competitive pathways. To bypass this problem, we have pursued a strategy in which key enzymes in the pathway are expressed as a physical fusion. As a model system, we have constructed several fusion protein variants in which farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) of yeast has been coupled to patchoulol synthase (PTS) of plant origin (Pogostemon cablin). Expression of the fusion proteins inS. cerevisiaeincreased the production of patchoulol, the main sesquiterpene produced by PTS, up to 2-fold. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the fusion strategy can be used in combination with traditional metabolic engineering to further increase the production of patchoulol. This simple test case of synthetic biology demonstrates that engineering the spatial organization of metabolic enzymes around a branch point has great potential for diverting flux toward a desired product.
Integrity of Proteins in Human Saliva after Sterilization by Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Ruhl Stefan , Berlenbach Pereshia , Langenfelder Sabine , Hörl Dagmar , Lehn Norbert , Hiller Karl-Anton , Schmalz Gottfried , Durchschlag Helmut 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Microbial contamination of whole human saliva is unwanted for certain
in vitro
applications, e.g., when utilizing it as a growth substratum for biofilm experiments. The aim of this investigation was to test gamma irradiation for its suitability to sterilize saliva and to investigate the treatment's influence on the composition and integrity of salivary proteins in comparison to filter sterilization. For inhibition of bacterial growth by gamma irradiation, a sterility assurance level of 10
−6
was determined to be reached at a dose of 3.5 kGy. At this dose, the integrity of proteins, as measured by fluorescence, circular dichroism, and gel electrophoretic banding pattern, and the enzymatic activities of salivary amylase and lysozyme were virtually unchanged. Filtration reduced the total protein concentration to about half of its original value and decreased lysozyme activity to about 10%. It can be concluded that irradiation is suitable for sterilizing whole saliva in its native form.
Methanogenic Archaea Isolated from Taiwan's Chelungpu Fault
Authors: Wu Sue-Yao , Lai Mei-Chin 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTTerrestrial rocks, petroleum reservoirs, faults, coal seams, and subseafloor gas hydrates contain an abundance of diverse methanoarchaea. However, reports on the isolation, purification, and characterization of methanoarchaea in the subsurface environment are rare. Currently, no studies investigating methanoarchaea within fault environments exist. In this report, we succeeded in obtaining two new methanogen isolates, St545MbTof newly proposed speciesMethanolobus chelungpuianusandMethanobacterium palustreFG694aF, from the Chelungpu fault, which is the fault that caused a devastating earthquake in central Taiwan in 1999. Strain FG694aF was isolated from a fault gouge sample obtained at 694 m below land surface (mbls) and is an autotrophic, mesophilic, nonmotile, thin, filamentous-rod-shaped organism capable of using H2-CO2and formate as substrates for methanogenesis. The morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that this isolate belongs toMethanobacterium palustre.The mesophilic strain St545MbT, isolated from a sandstone sample at 545 mbls, is a nonmotile, irregular, coccoid organism that uses methanol and trimethylamine as substrates for methanogenesis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain St545MbTwas 99.0% similar to that ofMethanolobus psychrophilusstrain R15 and was 96 to 97.5% similar to the those of otherMethanolobusspecies. However, the optimal growth temperature and total cell protein profile of strain St545MbTwere different from those ofM. psychrophilusstrain R15, and whole-genome DNA-DNA hybridization revealed less than 20% relatedness between these two strains. On the basis of these observations, we propose that strain St545MbT(DSM 19953T; BCRC AR10030; JCM 15159) be namedMethanolobus chelungpuianussp. nov. Moreover, the environmental DNA database survey indicates that bothMethanolobus chelungpuianusandMethanobacterium palustreare widespread in the subsurface environment.
mathFISH, a Web Tool That Uses Thermodynamics-Based Mathematical Models for
In Silico
Evaluation of Oligonucleotide Probes for Fluorescence
In Situ
Hybridization
Authors: Yilmaz L. Safak , Parnerkar Shreyas , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Mathematical models of RNA-targeted fluorescence
in situ
hybridization (FISH) for perfectly matched and mismatched probe/target pairs are organized and automated in web-based mathFISH (
http://mathfish.cee.wisc.edu
). Offering the users up-to-date knowledge of hybridization thermodynamics within a theoretical framework, mathFISH is expected to maximize the probability of success during oligonucleotide probe design.
Real-Time PCR Assay for
Clostridium perfringens
in Broiler Chickens in a Challenge Model of Necrotic Enteritis
Authors: Wu Shu-Biao , Rodgers Nicholas , Choct Mingan 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

We compared ileal
Clostridium perfringens
quantification results produced by real-time PCR and culture-based methods in broiler chickens in a challenge model of necrotic enteritis. Assessment of the relative standard deviations (RSDs) revealed that the real-time PCR assay generated a smaller standard deviation and thus was more precise than the culture-based method. Linear regression analysis indicated that the bacterial counts of these two methods were highly correlated (
R
2
= 0.845). We suggest that real-time PCR could be a replacement of the culture method for quantifying
C. perfringens
in the intestinal tracts of broiler chickens.
Bioluminescence-Based Method for Measuring Assimilable Organic Carbon in Pretreatment Water for Reverse Osmosis Membrane Desalination
Authors: Weinrich Lauren A. , Schneider Orren D. , LeChevallier Mark W. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

A bioluminescence-based assimilable organic carbon (AOC) test was developed for determining the biological growth potential of seawater within the reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment process. The test uses
Vibrio harveyi
, a marine organism that exhibits constitutive luminescence and is nutritionally robust. AOC was measured in both a pilot plant and a full-scale desalination plant pretreatment.
Decomposition Rates and Residue-Colonizing Microbial Communities ofBacillus thuringiensisInsecticidal Protein Cry3Bb-Expressing (Bt) and Non-Bt Corn Hybrids in the Field
Authors: Xue Kai , Serohijos Raquel C. , Devare Medha , Thies Janice E. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTDespite the rapid adoption of crops expressing the insecticidal Cry protein(s) fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt), public concern continues to mount over the potential environmental impacts. Reduced residue decomposition rates and increased tissue lignin concentrations reported for some Bt corn hybrids have been highlighted recently as they may influence soil carbon dynamics. We assessed the effects of MON863 Bt corn, producing the Cry3Bb protein against the corn rootworm complex, on these aspects and associated decomposer communities by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Litterbags containing cobs, roots, or stalks plus leaves from Bt and unmodified corn with (non-Bt+I) or without (non-Bt) insecticide applied were placed on the soil surface and at a 10-cm depth in field plots planted with these crop treatments. The litterbags were recovered and analyzed after 3.5, 15.5, and 25 months. No significant effect of treatment (Bt, non-Bt, and non-Bt+I) was observed on initial tissue lignin concentrations, litter decomposition rate, or bacterial decomposer communities. The effect of treatment on fungal decomposer communities was minor, with only 1 of 16 comparisons yielding separation by treatment. Environmental factors (litterbag recovery year, litterbag placement, and plot history) led to significant differences for most measured variables. Combined, these results indicate that the differences detected were driven primarily by environmental factors rather than by any differences between the corn hybrids or the use of tefluthrin. We conclude that the Cry3Bb corn tested in this study is unlikely to affect carbon residence time or turnover in soils receiving these crop residues.