bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational age at birth and risk of testicular cancer
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Kristina , Winkleby Marilyn A. , Sieh Weiva , Sundquist Jan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMost testicular germ cell tumors originate from carcinoma in situ cells in fetal life, possibly related to sex hormone imbalances in early pregnancy. Previous studies of association between gestational age at birth and testicular cancer have yielded discrepant results and have not examined extreme preterm birth. Our objective was to determine whether low gestational age at birth is independently associated with testicular cancer in later life. We conducted a national cohort study of 354,860 men born in Sweden in 1973–1979, including 19,214 born preterm (gestational age < 37 weeks) of whom 1,279 were born extremely preterm (22–29 weeks), followed for testicular cancer incidence through 2008. A total of 767 testicular cancers (296 seminomas and 471 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors) were identified in 11.2 million person‐years of follow‐up. Extreme preterm birth was associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer (hazard ratio = 3.95; 95% confidence interval = 1.67–9.34) after adjusting for other perinatal factors, family history of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism. Only five cases (three seminomas and two nonseminomas) occurred among men born extremely preterm, limiting the precision of risk estimates. No association was found between later preterm birth, post‐term birth or low or high fetal growth and testicular cancer. These findings suggest that extreme but not later preterm birth may be independently associated with testicular cancer in later life. They are based on a small number of cases and will need confirmation in other large cohorts. Elucidation of the key prenatal etiologic factors may potentially lead to preventive interventions in early life.
An MRI study of the differences in the rate of thrombolysis between red blood cell‐rich and platelet‐rich components of venous thrombi ex vivo
Authors: Vidmar Jernej , Blinc Aleš , Kralj Eduard , Balažic Jože , Bajd Franci , Serša Igor 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose:To test whether T1‐weighted MRI can detect the differences in the rate of thrombolysis induced by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) between platelet‐rich regions and red blood cell (RBC)‐rich regions of venous thrombi ex vivo.Materials and Methods:Each of 21 venous thrombi ex vivo (8 pulmonary emboli and 13 in situ thrombi) was dissected along the longitudinal axis. Half of it was analyzed for the presence of platelet, fibrin, and RBC components by immunohistochemistry and the other half was imaged serially by high‐resolution T1‐weighted three‐dimensional MRI to assess the progression of thrombolysis. The MR images were analyzed for proportions of the remaining platelet‐rich and RBC‐rich regions.Results:Laminated platelet‐rich regions, corresponding to Zahn lines, were confirmed immunohistochemically and by MRI in 18/21 venous thrombi. In T1‐weighted MR images (TE/TR = 10/105 ms) the mean signal intensity of platelet‐rich regions was on average 2.3 higher than that of RBC‐rich regions. The rate of thrombolysis in platelet‐rich regions was on average 30% lower than in RBC‐rich regions. After 120 min of thrombolysis the proportion of lysed platelet‐rich regions was 0.27 ± 0.04 versus 0.40 ± 0.08 in RBC regions, which resulted in 1.4% decrease of lysed thrombus volume per 1% increase of platelet‐rich content.Conclusion:Venous thrombi are most often composed of interspersed platelet‐rich and RBC‐rich regions. T1‐weighted MRI is capable of noninvasive discrimination between those two components of venous thrombi ex vivo which have a different susceptibility to thrombolysis by rt‐PA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cage effect and inverse temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effect in the c‐C6H12/c‐C6D12 reaction with OH radicals in fenton and HOONOH2O systems
Authors: Rudakov Elisey S. , Lobachev Vladimir L. , Volkova Larisa K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently, we have discovered the unusual inverse temperature dependence of the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) for the OH + c‐C6H12/c‐C6D12 reaction in water. Temperature increase causes a KIE increase; this is valid for both the Fenton system (I) and the HOONOH2O system (II) (a new source of OH radicals in alkane reactions), whereas in the gas phase KIE decreases with increasing temperature. Results of these studies are considered. The KIE temperature dependences for both reactions in solution, (kH/kD)w = (2.65 ± 0.15) exp[(−2.0 ± 0.1)/RT], ED−EH in kJ mol−1, and gas‐phase reactions, (kH/kD)g = (1.2 ± 0.1) exp[(+2.0 ± 0.1)/RT], differ significantly. The anomalous temperature behavior of KIE in water is described by a cage effect model at the step of the reactant encounter, which was proposed earlier by Rudakov. The model can be represented in a concise form: RH + OH \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\begin{array}{c}{\scriptstyle 1}\\ \rightleftarrows \\ {\scriptstyle -1}\end{array}$\end{document} 〈RH··OH〉* \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\begin{array}{c}{\scriptstyle 2}\\ \rightarrow\end{array}$\end{document} R• + H2O, where 〈RH··OH〉*is the oriented encounter complex in the water cage. It is suggested that elementary acts of H‐abstraction (step 2) are identical for both gas phase and solution. It allows calculation of the competition parameter between steps 2 and –1 (the alkane leaves the cage via diffusion), (k−1/k2H) = [(kH/kD)g− 1]/[(kH/kD)g− (kH/kD)w], by using the experimental KIEs. A temperature‐dependence average for systems I and II was found as (k−1/k2H) = (245 ± 35) exp[(18.5 ± 0.5)/RT]. The hypothetical dependence of (kH/kD)w on T was calculated within the overall temperature range (by extrapolations outside the experimental area, 278–328 K), and its connection with that of (kH/kD)g on T is considered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 557–562, 2011
Lipid rafts function in Ca2+ signaling responsible for activation of sperm motility and chemotaxis in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
Authors: Zhu Lihong , Inaba Kazuo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLipid rafts are specialized membrane microdomains that function as signaling platforms across plasma membranes of many animal and plant cells. Although there are several studies implicating the role of lipid rafts in capacitation of mammalian sperm, the function of these structures in sperm motility activation and chemotaxis remains unknown. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, egg‐derived sperm activating‐ and attracting‐factor (SAAF) induces both activation of sperm motility and sperm chemotaxis to the egg. Here we found that a lipid raft disrupter, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MCD), inhibited both SAAF‐induced sperm motility activation and chemotaxis. MCD inhibited both SAAF‐promoted synthesis of intracellular cyclic AMP and sperm motility induced by ionophore‐mediated Ca2+ entry, but not that induced by valinomycin‐mediated hyperpolarization. Ca2+‐imaging revealed that lipid raft disruption inhibited Ca2+ influx upon activation of sperm motility. The Ca2+‐activated adenylyl cyclase was clearly inhibited by MCD in isolated lipid rafts. The results suggest that sperm lipid rafts function in signaling upstream of cAMP synthesis, most likely in SAAF‐induced Ca2+ influx, and are required for Ca2+‐dependent pathways underlying activation and chemotaxis in Ciona sperm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:920–929, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerated diffusion spectrum imaging in the human brain using compressed sensing
Authors: Menzel Marion I. , Tan Ek T. , Khare Kedar , Sperl Jonathan I. , King Kevin F. , Tao Xiaodong , Hardy Christopher J. , Marinelli Luca 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe developed a novel method to accelerate diffusion spectrum imaging using compressed sensing. The method can be applied to either reduce acquisition time of diffusion spectrum imaging acquisition without losing critical information or to improve the resolution in diffusion space without increasing scan time. Unlike parallel imaging, compressed sensing can be applied to reconstruct a sub‐Nyquist sampled dataset in domains other than the spatial one. Simulations of fiber crossings in 2D and 3D were performed to systematically evaluate the effect of compressed sensing reconstruction with different types of undersampling patterns (random, gaussian, Poisson disk) and different acceleration factors on radial and axial diffusion information. Experiments in brains of healthy volunteers were performed, where diffusion space was undersampled with different sampling patterns and reconstructed using compressed sensing. Essential information on diffusion properties, such as orientation distribution function, diffusion coefficient, and kurtosis is preserved up to an acceleration factor of R = 4. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative pancreatic β cell MRI using manganese‐enhanced Look‐Locker imaging and two‐site water exchange analysis
Authors: Antkowiak Patrick F. , Vandsburger Moriel H. , Epstein Frederick H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPancreatic β‐cell imaging would be useful in monitoring the progression of and therapies for diabetes. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate quantitative β‐cell MRI using manganese (Mn2+) labeling of β cells, T1 mapping, and a two‐site water exchange model. Normal, pharmacologically‐treated, and severely diabetic mice underwent injection of MnCl2. Pancreatic water proton T1 relaxation was measured using Look‐Locker MRI, and two‐site water exchange analysis was used to estimate model parameters including the intracellular water proton relaxation rate constant (R1ic) and the intracellular fraction as indicators of β‐cell function and mass, respectively. Logarithmic plots of T1 relaxation revealed two distinct proton pools relaxing with different T1s, and the two‐site water exchange model fit the measured T1 relaxation data better than a monoexponential model. The intracellular R1ic time course revealed the kinetics of β‐cell Mn2+ labeling. Pharmacological treatments with nifedipine, tolbutamide, and diazoxide altered R1ic, indicating that beta cell function was a determinant of Mn2+ uptake. Intracellular fraction was significantly higher in mice with normal β cell mass than in diabetic mice (14.9% vs. 14.4%, P < 0.05). Two‐site water exchange analysis of T1 relaxation of the Mn2+‐enhanced pancreas is a promising method for quantifying β cell volume fraction and function. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Comparison of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for the Construction Industries of Three Coastal Territories
Authors: Gunawansa Asanga , Kua Harn Wei 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe success of climate change strategies depends on how well mitigation and adaptation measures are implemented. It is especially important to implement effective mitigation and adaptation measures in coastal territories because they will be more directly affected by some of the possible effects of climate change. This study assessed and compared how Singapore, Miami‐Dade and San Francisco – three coastal territories – implement climate change strategies in their construction industries. Case study method – in which primary and secondary information was collected and analyzed – was used. It was found that these three territories have a few similarities; for example, Singapore and San Francisco mandate green building requirements, whereas Singapore and Miami‐Dade do not explicitly consider adaptation measures in their building codes. It was also noted that although mitigation has entered mainstream policy‐making, adaptation still lags behind. Consequently, this study has proposed a few lessons; for example, policy‐makers in Singapore and Miami‐Dade should complement existing measures with platforms to engage the public on disaster management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
SYN flooding attack detection by TCP handshake anomalies
Authors: Bellaïche Martine , Grégoire Jean‐Charles 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe present an original approach to identify synchronize (SYN) flooding attacks from the victim's side, on the basis of a classification of the different forms that TCP handshakes can take during a connection set‐up between a client and a server (e.g. for Web traffic). We first identify the unusual handshake sequences that result from an attack and show how such observations can be used for SYN flooding attack detection. We then introduce a data structure to monitor, in real time, the state of the TCP handshake and study its performance. In addition, we explain the management of the data structure for operations such as initialization, adding and removing flows. Finally, we analyse the effectiveness of our TCP handshake monitoring to identify the presence of SYN flooding attacks by applying it to real traffic traces. To allow quick protection and help guarantee a proper defence, the detection is done in real time. Our detection system uses a non‐parametric cumulative sum algorithm (CUSUM), which has the benefit of not requiring a detailed model of the normal and attack traffic while achieving excellent detection levels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and analysis of a glass roof structure
Authors: Cai Jianguo , Xu Yixiang , Feng Jian , Zhang Jin 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe hybrid grid shell, made of quadrangular meshes diagonally stiffened by pre‐tensioned thin cables, is an attractive structural form in the design and construction of long‐span transparent glass roof structures. These hybrid structures are very slender and lightweight, and it is desirable to understand their detailed structural behavior. The mechanical characteristic of the hybrid structure was investigated based on a quadrangle of slats with cross cables. The construction of the design model for the glass roof was firstly described. Then, the static behavior and stability capacity of the hybrid grid dome and the corresponding single‐layer lattice dome were studied based on a finite element model. Moreover, the modal analyses of the two domes were carried out. The natural frequencies and the vibration modes of the domes were given to investigate the dynamic behavior of the hybrid grid dome. Finally, the effects of the asymmetric loads and rise‐to‐span ratios on the structural behavior were studied in detail. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient data dissemination in cooperative vehicular networks
Authors: Cherif Mohamed Oussama , Senouci Sidi‐Mohammed , Ducourthial Bertrand 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTVehicular networks are drawing the attention of both research community and automotive industry because they provide intelligent transportation systems as well as drivers and passengers’ assistant services. However, the industrialization of such networks faces a number of challenges, in particular, the high cost of the infrastructure to deploy. To overcome this problem, an effective solution is to rely on cooperative vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication to minimize the deployed infrastructure. Because a large number of cooperative vehicle‐to‐vehicle applications are broadcasting by nature, we proposed an efficient dissemination protocol: Road‐Oriented Dissemination (ROD). ROD consists in two modules: (i) Optimized Distance Defer Transfer Module and (ii) Store‐and‐Forward Module. We compare our protocol with other dissemination protocols and analyze its performance by simulations, on‐road tests and analytically. Performance study shows interesting results of ROD compared with the other existing solutions. ROD is able to provide a low end‐to‐end delay, high delivery ratios, and a minimum bandwidth usage because only a limited number of vehicles are involved in the broadcast scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guideline concordant monitoring of metabolic risk in people treated with antipsychotic medication: systematic review and meta-analysis of screening practices
Authors: Mitchell A. J. , Delaffon V. , Vancampfort D. , Correll C. U. , De Hert M. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundDespite increased cardiometabolic risk in individuals with mental illness taking antipsychotic medication, metabolic screening practices are often incomplete or inconsistent.MethodWe undertook a systematic search and a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) meta-analysis of studies examining routine metabolic screening practices in those taking antipsychotics both for patients in psychiatric care before and following implementation of monitoring guidelines.ResultsWe identified 48 studies (n=290 534) conducted between 2000 and 2011 in five countries; 25 studies examined predominantly schizophrenia-spectrum disorder populations; 39 studies (n=218 940) examined routine monitoring prior to explicit guidelines; and nine studies (n=71 594) reported post-guideline monitoring. Across 39 studies, routine baseline screening was generally low and above 50% only for blood pressure [69.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 50.9–85.8] and triglycerides (59.9%, 95% CI 36.6–81.1). Cholesterol was measured in 41.5% (95% CI 18.0–67.3), glucose in 44.3% (95% CI 36.3–52.4) and weight in 47.9% (95% CI 32.4–63.7). Lipids and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were monitored in less than 25%. Rates were similar for schizophrenia patients, in US and UK studies, for in-patients and out-patients. Monitoring was non-significantly higher in case-recordversusdatabase studies and in fasting samples. Following local/national guideline implementation, monitoring improved for weight (75.9%, CI 37.3–98.7), blood pressure (75.2%, 95% CI 45.6–95.5), glucose (56.1%, 95% CI 43.4–68.3) and lipids (28.9%, 95% CI 20.3–38.4). Direct head-to-head pre–post-guideline comparison showed a modest but significant (15.4%) increase in glucose testing (p=0.0045).ConclusionsIn routine clinical practice, metabolic monitoring is concerningly low in people prescribed antipsychotic medication. Although guidelines can increase monitoring, most patients still do not receive adequate testing.
Tapered oral dexamethasone for the acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease
Authors: Quinn Charles T. , Stuart Marie J. , Kesler Karen , Ataga Kenneth I. , Wang Winfred C. , Styles Lori , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Wun Ted , Raj Ashok , Hsu Lewis L. , Krishnan Suba , Kuypers Frans A. , Setty Yamaja , Rhee Seungshin , Key Nigel S. , Buchanan George R. ,   on behalf of the Investigators of the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Centers
Published: August 2011

SummaryTapered oral dexamethasone for acute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell anaemia was studied using a novel ACS assessment tool and investigational biomarkers. Twelve participants were randomized (mean age 17·3 years) before early study termination. Dexamethasone decreased duration of hospitalization for ACS by 20·8 h compared to placebo (P = 0·024). Rebound pain occurred in both groups (3 dexamethasone versus 1 placebo). Overall, dexamethasone decreased the leucocyte activation biomarker, sL‐selectin; however, participants with rebound pain had higher sL‐selectin within 24 h of treatment (dexamethasone or placebo). This ACS assessment tool was feasibly applied, and sL‐selectin is a promising biomarker of ACS therapy.
‘Providing more scaffolding’: parenting a child with developmental co‐ordination disorder, a hidden disability
Authors: Novak C. , Lingam R. , Coad J. , Emond A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  Few studies exist reporting the experiences of parents of children with developmental co‐ordination disorder (DCD) a common disorder with a prevalence of 1.8–6%. DCD is characterized by poor motor co‐ordination, not caused by a general medical condition, but significantly affecting daily living. This study explores the experiences of parents living with a child with DCD in obtaining a diagnosis; the impact of the diagnosis on parenting and the effect on parents as individuals.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample of 15 parents of children with DCD data were recorded and then transcribed. Data were analysed using a coding framework and themes identified similar to Attride‐Stirling (2001, Qualitative Research, 1, 385–405).Findings  DCD was an all‐encompassing condition that dominated all aspects of family life and was a ‘hidden disability’. Parents were frustrated by the poor knowledge and expertise of health and education professionals working with children with DCD and the lack of good quality accessible information and support services. Parents became by default the ‘expert’ on DCD for schools and other services; they were advocates for DCD and their own children. They provided additional support for longer to their child with DCD and had concerns for their future. Parenting a child with DCD was frustrating, exhausting, guilt‐ridden as well as rewarding. There was little available time to provide for the needs of other family members.Conclusion  A better‐trained, knowledgeable workforce would redress the balance for families with DCD by providing better information, support and advocacy freeing parents to parent their families.
Education and support needs of the older adult with congenital heart disease
Authors: Riley Jillian P. , Habibi Hajar , Banya Winston , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Lau‐Walker Margaret , Cowie Martin R. 
Published: August 2011

riley j.p., habibi h., banya w., gatzoulis m.a., lau‐walker m. & cowie m.r. (2011) Education and support needs of the older adult with congenital heart disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(5), 1050–1060.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a study exploring health‐related quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease and the extent to which it is associated with patients’ illness beliefs and emotional health.Background.  A reduction in mortality in patients with congenital heart disease has led to an increasingly older population that faces new challenges. Studies in a younger adult population have reported inconsistent findings regarding health‐related quality of life. Factors such as, the complexity of the congenital heart defect, have not been found to be associated with quality of life. The association between illness beliefs and health‐related quality of life has not previously been reported.Method.  A cross‐sectional questionnaire study of adults with congenital heart disease attending an outpatient clinic in a specialist centre in the United Kingdom between October 2007 and May 2008.Results.  The mean age of the study population was 37·2 years. Participants reported poorer physical functioning, role functioning and general health than a general population. High levels of anxiety were reported in 38% and high levels of depression in 17%. In multivariate analysis, higher levels of anxiety and depression were associated with poorer mental functioning and higher levels of depression with poorer physical quality of life.Conclusion.  We have reported that high levels of anxiety and depression in an older population of patients with congenital heart disease are associated with poorer quality of life. This highlights the need to routinely assess anxiety and depression in this patient group and to provide psychological support appropriately.