bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐glacial migration lag restricts range filling of plants in the European Alps
Authors: Dullinger S. , Willner W. , Plutzar C. , Englisch T. , Schratt‐Ehrendorfer L. , Moser D. , Ertl S. , Essl F. , Niklfeld H. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAim  To evaluate the effect of post‐glacial migration lags on the current distribution of Alpine plants and the factors responsible for possible range‐filling differences among species.Location  Austrian Alps.Methods  We used species distribution models to predict environmentally suitable sites for 183 Alpine plants at a fine spatial resolution (100 × 100 m2). We overlaid these predictions with independent mapping data (3′× 5′) and calculated the extent to which species fill their potential ranges at this coarser grain based on several different approaches. Moreover, we correlated range‐filling estimates with the magnitude of improvement of distribution models when using the distance to putative glacial refugia as an additional independent variable. Finally, we compared species‐specific range‐filling estimates with traits related to dispersal capacity and competitive ability of these species as well as with characteristics of their habitats.Results  Even under a conservative approach, incomplete range filling appears common, with 46% and 31% of the species studied occurring in less than 75% and 50% of their predicted suitable ranges, respectively. Proximity to glacial refugia generally accounts for a lower percentage of the deviance in species distribution data (0–20%, mean 4%) than environmental variables (9–57%, mean 27%). However, its importance correlates closely and negatively with the calculated range‐filling estimates. Range filling significantly increases with the dispersal capacity of a species' propagules and the breadth of its altitudinal niche. Calcicolous species have lower range filling than silicicolous plants and substrate generalists.Conclusions  Our results suggest that the current ranges of many Alpine plants are still shaped by delayed Holocene recolonization of suitable sites. Hence, long‐term migration lags also affect plant distribution in mountainous areas, at least on regional scales. These findings question whether high mountain floras will be able to track the expected rapid, climate change driven shifts in habitat.
Description and Solution of an Unreported Intrinsic Bias in Photon Mapping Density Estimation with Constant Kernel
Authors: García R. , Ureña C. , Sbert M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the irradiance estimator often used in photon mapping algorithms and concludes that the classical approach with a constant kernel overestimates the correct value. We propose a new estimator that solves this problem and provide both theoretical and empirical studies to verify it.
Risk Aversion, Collective Bargaining, and Wages in Germany
Authors: Goerke Laszlo , Pannenberg Markus 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe develop an open‐shop model of trade union membership in which workers differ in their risk attitudes, and derive conditions under which the bargained wage will fall and union membership will increase with a general rise in risk aversion. Using data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel we define broad bargaining units and show that wages decline as average risk aversion of union members in these units rises, controlling for individual effects of risk aversion. Given a negative relationship between wages and employment, this suggests that secular changes in risk attitudes, because of an aging workforce or greater female labour force participation, can help to explain variations in the employment performance of unionized economies.
How the Risk of Displacement for Older Workers Has Changed
Authors: Zhivan Natalia A. , Soto Mauricio , Sass Steven A. , Munnell Alicia H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition and relying on the consistent design of the Displaced Worker Survey since 1996, this study analyses various factors contributing to the rising dislocation of older workers, such as changes in tenure, industry mix, educational attainment, and labor force participation. Although in the past older workers were less prone to displacement compared with prime‐age workers, this paper finds that older workers are now more likely to be displaced, conditional on education, manufacturing industry, and tenure. Declining tenure, a higher incidence of displacement in manufacturing, and a higher labor force participation among older workers largely explain the convergence of displacement rates among older and prime‐age workers.
Cosmopolitan communication online: YouTube responses to the anti‐Islam film Fitna1
Authors: Mihelj Sabina , van Zoonen Liesbet , Vis Farida 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn 2008, a Dutch member of parliament released a short anti‐Islamic film entitled Fitna, which stirred a huge public controversy and provoked public condemnations around the world. In response to the film, hundreds of videos were uploaded on YouTube, mostly with the aim to provide a more positive representation of Islam, express support for the author and his views, or defend his freedom of speech. Drawing on interviews with YouTube users who posted the videos, this paper reflects on the capacity of the Internet to sustain cosmopolitan communication and examines how cosmopolitan attitudes and practices on‐line differ depending on the participants' cultural and social background, especially their religious affiliations. Particular attention is paid to how the opportunities for cosmopolitan communication are shaped by the unequal distribution of cosmopolitan attitudes and practices among groups, and by global inequalities of power. In addressing these issues, the paper also engages with broader debates about cosmopolitanism, and argues for an understanding of cosmopolitanism as a quest for universalism, which remains anchored in the particular, but involves communication across difference, and requires openness to the possibility that the other is right.
Culinary culture and globalization. An analysis of British and German Michelin‐starred restaurants
Authors: Lane Christel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe high‐end restaurant segment in Britain and Germany has long been shaped by the cultural hegemony of French haute cuisine, perpetuated by multiple processes, including the influence of the Michelin or Red Guide. Traditionally, this hegemony has been expressed in the prevalence of French expatriate chefs, culinary techniques and style and even restaurant culture. This paper investigates whether processes of globalization have weakened or even undermined this French cultural dominance in fine‐dining restaurants and their culinary culture. To this end, the study identifies the various forms taken by globalization processes in this industry segment and then assesses their impact on the dominance of the French paradigm of culinary culture. The investigation focuses on British and German Michelin‐starred restaurants, underlining both commonalities and divergences in the process of interaction between French, global and local influences. The study employs a qualitative method, using a number of case studies to discern cross‐industry patterns. All chefs with two or three stars in the two countries, i.e. 45 chefs, were selected for the analysis of their cuisine.
Residents’ perspectives on urinary incontinence: a review of literature
Authors: Ostaszkiewicz Joan , O’Connell Bev , Dunning Trisha 
Published: December 2011

Background:  Individuals in residential aged care facilities experience urinary incontinence more than any other single population. Despite these factors, the impact of the condition on their quality of life, their perspectives of living with the condition, and their preferences for care have received little research attention.Aim:  To provide a descriptive overview of research about; the impact of urinary incontinence on residents’ quality of life; residents’ perspectives of having urinary incontinence; and their preferences for continence care’.Design:  A descriptive review of literature.Method:  A broad search was undertaken for qualitative and quantitative research that evaluated residents’ quality of life related to urinary incontinence; their perspectives on having urinary incontinence, and their preferences for managing it. Data were displayed in tabular format, summarized, and described.Results:  Ten studies were identified and reviewed (six qualitative and four quantitative). They reveal many residents’ value having independent bowel and bladder function, but believe that incontinence in inevitable and intractable. Some adopt self management strategies, however considerable barriers hinder their ability to maintain continence and manage incontinence. Residents often have low expectations, and hence decline further evaluation and treatment. Some express satisfaction with continence care even if this care is not consistent with their preferences. Little is known about how cognitively impaired residents perceive their condition. However some individuals with cognitive impairment respond with acute anxiety when carers’ attempt to provide continence care.Conclusion:  Residents’ perspectives on incontinence and preferences for continence care relate to low expectations for improvement. Such misconceptions should be addressed and residents and their family members should be given a range of options from which to choose. As urinary incontinence impacts on residents’ quality of life, it is also important that continence care is delivered in a participative and sensitive way.
The European Union and Conflict Resolution: Northern Ireland, Cyprus and Bilateral Cooperation
Authors: Tannam Etain 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe aim of this article is to determine the EU's effect on British–Irish and Greek–Turkish cooperation. It examines the EU's actual and potential role in fostering British–Irish and Greek–Turkish cooperation as well as its policies to Northern Ireland and Cyprus themselves. Domestic bureaucratic capacity and institutional design are put forward as explanations for the success of the British–Irish relationship rather than EU membership per se. In the case of Cyprus, the article suggests that increased bilateral cooperation with respect to disputed territory is unlikely to occur in the absence of faster bureaucratic change in both Greece and Turkey. EU membership is not a causal factor in the evolution of cooperation and conflict resolution.
The Political Opposition and Democracy in Macao: Revolutionaries or Loyalists?
Authors: Wing-yat Eilo Yu , Ka-man Natalie Chin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis article examines the nature of political opposition in the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) to give us an understanding of its role in and approach to political reform in the territory. It explores the emergence of the pro-democracy opposition in Macao since the end of the colonial era and the self-perception of pro-democratic opposition groups in the MSAR regime, and argues that the majority of opposition groups perceive themselves as ‘loyal’ opponents to the current regime. The groups aim at checking the authorities in the scope of the constitution as loyal constituents. Their assumption of this role is the result of several environmental factors, including a relatively weak civil society, a lack of resources and a pro-government media.
Geometric Derivations Of Minimal Sets Of Sufficient Multiview Constraints
Authors: Thomas Orrin H. , Oshel Edward R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGeometric interpretations of four of the most common determinant formulations of multiview constraints are given, showing that they all enforce the same geometry and that all of the forms commonly in use in the machine vision community are a subset of a more general form. Generalising the work of Yi Ma yields a new general 2 × 2 determinant trilinear and 3 × 3 determinant quadlinear. Geometric descriptions of degenerate multiview constraints are given, showing that it is necessary, but insufficient, that the determinant equals zero. Understanding the degeneracies leads naturally into proofs for minimum sufficient sets of bilinear, trilinear and quadlinear constraints for arbitrary numbers of conjugate observations.
Specific feature of olfactory dysfunction with Alzheimer's disease inspected by the Odor Stick Identification Test
Authors: JIMBO Daiki , INOUE Masashi , TANIGUCHI Miyako , URAKAMI Katsuya 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most significant diseases associated with ageing. As the disease progresses, symptoms including olfactory dysfunction often appear along with cognitive dysfunction. We examined olfactory and other indexes to investigate correlations between them and the validity of an olfactory test for screening for AD.Methods:  To assess whether odorant identification will be a useful diagnostic tool, we investigated the olfactory ability of Alzheimer's disease patients (ADs) using the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese. As a control, we compared ADs to aged people without AD or dementia. To investigate the relationship between olfactory loss and severity of AD, we used the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, biomarkers in spinal fluid and single‐photon emission computed tomography as brain imaging.Results:  In comparing the controls and ADs, we believe that there are significant differences, with ADs having particularly low activity with regard to olfactory function and some odorants. We showed that there was a definite correlation between cognitive and olfactory function. To confirm this, we sorted subjects by markers of severity scores for comparison. In all areas, the AD group had more serious olfactory dysfunction, including in the early stages of AD.Conclusion:  This study suggests that olfactory tests such as the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese can be useful for assessing severity of AD, including cognitive dysfunction. Further investigations will enable us to establish an olfactory assessment method for the screening or diagnosis of AD.
Therapeutic phlebotomy procedures and their impact on a rural hospital's red blood cell inventory and fiscal stature
Authors: Flynn Rebecca C. , Bryant Barbara J. 
Published: December 2011

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic phlebotomy (TP) programs offer an important community service and often provide financial and donor unit resources for the hospital. This study assessed the financial impact and red blood cell (RBC) inventory contribution of a small, rural hospital‐based TP program.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: TP procedures over 13 months were evaluated at a 142‐bed rural hospital. The hospital had a Food and Drug Administration variance for a hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) donor program. The revenue for the non‐HH therapeutic phlebotomies and the savings attained for units added to RBC inventory from allogeneic eligible HH donors were compiled.RESULTS: During the study, 84 patients were involved in the TP program. Of the 62 HH patients, 43 met eligibility requirements for allogeneic donations resulting in 207 donor units collected for the blood bank inventory and a savings of $21,000 in blood costs. Additionally, 22 non‐HH patients underwent 183 TP procedures earning the hospital over $15,000 in net revenue.CONCLUSION: The TP program at this small, rural 142‐bed hospital provided a financial gain of $36,000 during the 13‐month study period. The HH donor program contributed approximately 4% to the RBC inventory. The TP program at this small, rural 142‐bed hospital proved to be financially lucrative and provided a community service to patients.
Mammographic Screening Practices Among Chinese‐Australian Women
Authors: Kwok Cannas , Fethney Judith , White Kate 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose: To report mammographic screening practice among Chinese‐Australian women, and to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics, acculturation factors (English proficiency and length of stay in Australia), cultural beliefs, and having a mammogram as recommended.Design: Cross‐sectional and descriptive. The study was conducted in 2009 in Sydney, Australia. Of 988 Chinese‐Australian women over 18 years of age invited to participate in the study, 785 (79%) completed and returned the questionnaire. Of these women, 320 (40.8%) were in the target age range of 50 to 69 years.Methods: The Chinese Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (CBCSB) was used as a data collection instrument. Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using chi‐square and t tests, and logistic regression.Results: Of the 320 women in the targeted age range of 50 to 69 years, 238 (74.4%) had a mammogram as recommended biannually. Being married‐de facto, in the 60 to 69 age group, and speaking Cantonese at home were positively associated with women's mammographic screening practice. However, no statistically significant differences in acculturation factors and having a mammogram as recommended were found. In terms of CBCSB score, women who had mammograms as recommended had more positive attitudes toward health checkups and perceived fewer barriers to mammographic screening.Conclusions: Effort should be focused on specific subgroups of Chinese‐Australian women in order to fully understand the barriers involved in participating in mammographic screening.Clinical Relevance: Nurses can use the findings from the present study to design culturally sensitive breast cancer screening programs to encourage women's participation in mammography.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2012; XX:X, XXX–XXX. ©2011 Sigma Theta Tau International.
DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCI BY LOOP‐MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION METHOD
Authors: NAGARAJAPPA SOWMYA , THAKUR MUNNA SINGH , MANONMANI HARAVE KRISHNAN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTEnterotoxigenic staphylococcal strains isolated from the food samples in Mysore, Karnataka, India, were evaluated using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. The detection limit was 100 colony‐forming units (cfu)/test for LAMP and 10,000 cfu/test for PCR. In the presence of coexisting microbes such as Yersinia enterocolitica, the assays were carried out and the quantified DNA was subjected to LAMP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Despite the presence of Y. enterocolitica genomic DNA, the sensitivity of LAMP remains the same. The detection limits of LAMP and PCR were 100 fg/test and 10 pg/test, respectively. In all cases, LAMP was found to be 100‐fold more sensitive than PCR. No DNA amplification was observed for ent A, ent B, ent C and ent D non‐producing staphylococci and other bacterial strains, indicating its high specificity. Thus, LAMP has been proven to be a powerful tool, which is useful for detection and obtaining a reliable identification of the toxin genes of the pathogen from diverse food sources.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSEnterotoxigenic staphylococcal prevalence in food products in Mysore, Karnataka, India, has been documented. In developing countries, such as India, where food‐borne illness is of serious concern, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method may serve as a powerful tool for rapid diagnosis of food‐borne pathogens in food safety analysis as it is cost‐effective, simple and sensitive than polymerase chain reaction.
PROPERTIES OF DURANCIN GL, A NEW ANTILISTERIAL BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS 41D
Authors: DU LIHUI , SOMKUTI GEORGE A. , RENYE JR JOHN A. , HUO GUICHENG 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe properties of the antilisterial durancin GL were characterized. The bacteriocin was the product of Enterococcus durans 41D, which was isolated from Hispanic‐style cheese samples. The antibacterial activity of durancin GL was only evident against gram‐positive bacteria, including Listeria species. Bacteriocin's activity was retained after treatment with surfactants of different groups (Tween, Brij and sodium dodecyl sulfate), and reducing (β‐mercaptoethanol) or chelating (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) agents failed to inactivate the bacteriocin. Durancin GL was active over the pH range of 2–11 and heat resistant for at least 30 min at 100C. However, exposure to 121C for 17 min completely inactivated the bacteriocin. Durancin GL displayed primary metabolite kinetics with the bacteriocin production rate being parallel with the growth cycle of E. durans 41D. The estimated molecular mass of durancin GL was <6 kDa, and it displayed a bactericidal effect on sensitive strains without concomitant cell lysis. The apparently new antilisterial bacteriocin from the putative probiotic strain E. durans 41D may be used to protect food products against various gram‐positive bacteria, including the food‐borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe bacteriocins of food‐grade lactic acid bacteria may be useful as natural antimicrobials for food preservation. Food‐borne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, may develop resistance to nisin, which is currently the only bacteriocin approved for use in foods. This study describes the initial characterization of an apparently novel bacteriocin, durancin GL, which is produced by a strain of Enterococcus durans found in artisanal Mexican cheese samples. The bacteriocin was shown to effectively inhibit the growth of several L. monocytogenes strains, including the nisin‐resistant variant, L. monocytogenes NR30. The results suggest that durancin GL may be developed to serve as a food‐grade preservative to inhibit the growth of nisin‐resistant Listeria.
INFLUENCE OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE‐N,N′‐DISUCCINIC ACID (EDDS) CONCENTRATION ON THE BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF FATTY ACIDS IN VITRO*
Authors: HINTON JR A. , INGRAM K.D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial activity of mixtures of ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐disuccinic acid (EDDS) and antibacterial fatty acids (FA) was examined using the agar diffusion assay. Solutions of caproic, caprylic, capric and lauric acids dissolved in potassium hydroxide (KOH) were supplemented with 0, 5 or 10 mM of EDDS and adjusted to pH 11.0 with citric acid. Wells made in agar media seeded with one of nine bacterial isolates were filled with FA‐KOH or FA‐KOH‐EDDS solutions. After incubation of agar plates, zones of inhibition of bacterial growth around the agar wells were measured. Results indicated that caproic‐KOH‐EDDS and caprylic‐KOH‐EDDS inhibited growth of more bacterial isolates than caproic‐KOH and caprylic‐KOH, respectively. Although, capric‐KOH and lauric‐KOH produced zones of inhibition of all nine bacterial isolates, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) larger zones of inhibition were produced by capric‐KOH‐EDDS and lauric‐KOH‐EDDS. Findings of this study indicate that mixtures of FA‐KOH‐EDDS possess greater antibacterial activity than FA‐KOH.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResearch demonstrates that supplementing mixtures of FA‐KOH with EDDS increases the antibacterial activity of these antimicrobial surfactants. Similar results have been produced with FA‐KOH supplemented with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, EDTA is a man‐made, nonbiodegradable chelator, whereas EDDS is a natural biodegradable chelator. Therefore, EDDS may be used as an alternative for EDTA in formulations of FA‐KOH currently being examined as novel sanitizers for decreasing microbial contamination associated with poultry processing. Since EDDS is biodegradable, use of this chelator will not cause concerns of environmental pollution associated with the use of EDTA.