bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance on the Single-Leg Squat Task Indicates Hip Abductor Muscle Function
Authors: Crossley Kay M. , Zhang Wan-Jing , Schache Anthony G. , Bryant Adam , Cowan Sallie M. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Contemporary clinical expertise and emerging research in anterior knee pain indicate that treatment of hip muscle function will result in greater effects, if such treatments can be provided to those with hip muscle dysfunction. Thus, it is imperative to develop and evaluate a clinical assessment tool that is capable of identifying people with poor hip muscle function. Hypothesis: The clinical assessment of single-leg squat performance will have acceptable inter- and intrarater reliability. Furthermore, people with good performance on the single-leg squat will have better hip muscle function (earlier onset of gluteus medius activity and greater lateral trunk, hip abduction, and external rotation strength) than people with poor performance. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A consensus panel of 5 experienced clinicians developed criteria to rate the performance of a single-leg squat task as “good,” “fair,” or “poor.” The panel rated the performance of 34 asymptomatic participants (mean ± SD: age, 24 ± 5 y; height, 1.69 ± 0.10 m; weight, 65.0 ± 10.7 kg), and these ratings served as the standard. The ratings of 3 different clinicians were compared with those of the consensus panel ratings (interrater reliability) and to their own rating on 2 occasions (intrarater reliability). For the participants rated as good performers (n = 9) and poor performers (n = 12), hip muscle strength (hip abduction, external rotation, and trunk side bridge) and onset timing of anterior (AGM) and posterior gluteus medius (PGM) electromyographic activity were compared. Results: Concurrency with the consensus panel was excellent to substantial for the 3 raters (agreement 87%-73%; κ = 0.800-0.600). Similarly, intrarater agreement was excellent to substantial (agreement 87%-73%; κ = 0.800-0.613). Participants rated as good performers had significantly earlier onset timing of AGM (mean difference, –152; 95% confidence interval [CI], –258 to –48 ms) and PGM (mean difference, –115; 95% CI, –227 to –3 ms) electromyographic activity than those who were rated as poor performers. The good performers also exhibited greater hip abduction torque (mean difference, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.10-0.83 N·m·Bw−1) and trunk side flexion force (mean difference, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.25-1.91 N·Bw−1). There was no difference in hip external rotation torque ( P > .05) between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Targeted treatments, although considered ideal, rely on the capacity to identify subgroups of people with chronic anterior knee pain who might respond optimally to a given treatment component. Clinical assessment of performance on the single-leg squat task is a reliable tool that may be used to identify people with hip muscle dysfunction.
Knee Laxity Control in Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Versus Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Lateral Tenodesis
Authors: Colombet Philippe 
Published: February 2011

Background: Rotational laxity control is one of the different options to improve functional results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Lateral extra-articular tenodesis has been proposed to reduce the rotational laxity, especially in challenging situations such as revision reconstruction after biological failure. We currently lack the practical clinical tools to objectively assess knee rotational laxities. Hypothesis: Addition of a lateral tenodesis to anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon graft could improve the knee laxity control, particularly the internal rotation, compared with a standard single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty patients underwent navigated anatomic anteromedial bundle revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with addition of percutaneous extra-articular tenodesis using the same hamstring tendon graft. The navigation was used to optimize femoral and tibial tunnel positions and to measure the knee kinematics in response to the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, maximum internal/external rotation test, and pivot-shift test. All patients underwent revision after failure without any technical error found or new trauma. Two sequential reconstruction protocols were used to assess the contribution of the extra-articular tenodesis and single anteromedial bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to restrain tibial translations and coupled axial rotation occurring with the manually performed clinical laxity tests. In group A, the intra-articular reconstruction was fixed first and then the lateral tenodesis was fixed, and in group B, the protocol was reversed. Measurements were performed before the reconstruction, after the first part was fixed, and after the second part was fixed in each protocol. Results: At 90° of flexion, addition of lateral tenodesis had a significant effect on coupled internal rotation ( P = .003). Addition of the intra-articular reconstruction to lateral tenodesis had a significant effect ( P = .001) in reducing anterior tibial translation of the medial compartment, and the effect was also significant ( P = .0001) in reduction of lateral compartment translation. For the rotational envelope, lateral tenodesis had a significant effect ( P = .0001) in reducing maximum internal rotation at 90° of flexion. Conclusion: Addition of an extra-articular procedure provided no significant improvement to anterior tibial translation and improved internal tibial rotation control only at 90° of flexion.
Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transduced With Scleraxis Improve Rotator Cuff Healing in a Rat Model
Authors: Gulotta Lawrence V. , Kovacevic David , Packer Jonathan D. , Deng Xiang Hua , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Rotator cuffs heal through a scar tissue interface after repair that makes them prone to failure. Scleraxis (Scx) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is thought to direct tendon development during embryogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transduced with adenoviral-mediated scleraxis (Ad-Scx) could improve regeneration of the tendon-bone insertion site in a rat rotator cuff repair model. Hypothesis: Bone marrow–derived cells transduced with Scx would improve the structure of the healing tendon-bone interface and result in increased tendon attachment strength. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixty Lewis rats underwent unilateral detachment and repair of the supraspinatus tendon. Thirty animals received MSCs in a fibrin glue carrier, and 30 received Ad-Scx-transduced MSCs. Animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks and evaluated for the presence of fibrocartilage and collagen fiber organization at the insertion. Biomechanical testing was performed to determine the structural and material properties of the repaired tissue. Statistical analysis was performed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test with significance set at P = .05. Results: There were no differences between the Scx and MSC groups in terms of histologic appearance at 2 weeks. However, the Scx group had higher ultimate stress-to-failure (2.6 ± 0.9 vs 1.7 ± 0.3 MPa; P = .03) and stiffness (8.4 ± 2.9 vs 5.0 ± 1.9 N/mm; P = .01) compared with the MSC group. At 4 weeks, the Scx group had more fibrocartilage (728.7 ± 50.4 vs 342.6 ± 217.0 mm2; P = .04), higher ultimate load to failure (26.7 ± 4.6 vs 20.8 ± 4.4 N; P = .01), higher ultimate stress to failure (4.7 ± 1.3 vs 3.5 ± 1.0 MPa; P < .04), and higher stiffness values (15.3 ± 3.4 vs 9.3 ± 2.2 N/mm; P < .001) as compared with the MSC group. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified with Scx can augment rotator cuff healing at early time points. Clinical Relevance: Biologic augmentation of acutely injured rotator cuffs with Scx-transduced MSCs may improve rotator cuff tendon healing and reduce the incidence of re-tears. However, further studies are needed to determine if this remains safe and effective in larger models.
Influence of Cold Water Immersion on Limb and Cutaneous Blood Flow at Rest
Authors: Gregson Warren , Black Mark A. , Jones Helen , Milson Jordon , Morton James , Dawson Brian , Atkinson Greg , Green Daniel J. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Cold water immersion reduces exercise-induced muscle damage. Benefits may partly arise from a decline in limb blood flow; however, no study has comprehensively investigated the influence of different degrees of cooling undertaken via cold water immersion on limb blood flow responses. Purpose: To determine the influence of cold (8°C) and cool (22°C) water immersion on lower limb and cutaneous blood flow. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Nine men were placed in a semireclined position and lowered into 8°C or 22°C water to the iliac crest for two 5-minute periods interspersed with 2 minutes of nonimmersion. Rectal and thigh skin temperature, deep and superficial muscle temperature, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, thigh cutaneous blood velocity (laser Doppler), and superficial femoral artery blood flow (duplex ultrasound) were measured during immersion and for 30 minutes after immersion. Indices of vascular conductance were calculated (flux and blood flow/mean arterial pressure). Results: Reductions in rectal temperature (8°C, 0.2° ± 0.1°C; 22°C, 0.1° ± 0.1°C) and thigh skin temperature (8°C, 6.2° ± 0.5°C; 22°C, 3.2° ± 0.2°C) were greater in 8°C water than in 22°C ( P < .01). Femoral artery conductance was reduced to a similar extent immediately after immersion (~30%) and 30 minutes after immersion (~40%) under both conditions ( P < .01). In contrast, there was less thigh cutaneous vasoconstriction during and after immersion in 8°C water compared with 22°C ( P = .01). Conclusion: These data suggest that immersion at both temperatures resulted in similar whole limb blood flow but, paradoxically, more blood was distributed to the skin in the colder water. This suggests that colder temperatures may be associated with reduced muscle blood flow, which could provide an explanation for the benefits of cold water immersion in alleviating exercise-induced muscle damage in sports and athletic contexts. Clinical Relevance: Colder water temperatures may be more effective in the treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage and injury rehabilitation because of greater reductions in muscle blood flow.
Epidemiology of Muscle Injuries in Professional Football (Soccer)
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Hägglund Martin , Waldén Markus 
Published: February 2011

Background: Muscle injuries constitute a large percentage of all injuries in football. Purpose: To investigate the incidence and nature of muscle injuries in male professional footballers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Fifty-one football teams, comprising 2299 players, were followed prospectively during the years 2001 to 2009. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. The first-team squads of 24 clubs selected by the Union of European Football Associations as belonging to the best European teams, 15 teams of the Swedish First League, and another 15 European teams playing their home matches on artificial turf pitches were included. A muscle injury was defined as “a traumatic distraction or overuse injury to the muscle leading to a player being unable to fully participate in training or match play.” Results: In total, 2908 muscle injuries were registered. On average, a player sustained 0.6 muscle injuries per season. A squad of 25 players can thus expect about 15 muscle injuries per season. Muscle injuries constituted 31% of all injuries and caused 27% of the total injury absence. Ninety-two percent of all muscle injuries affected the 4 major muscle groups of the lower limbs: hamstrings (37%), adductors (23%), quadriceps (19%), and calf muscles (13%). Sixteen percent of the muscle injuries were reinjuries. These reinjuries caused significantly longer absences than did index injuries. The incidence of muscle injury increased with age. When separated into different muscle groups, however, an increased incidence with age was found only for calf muscle injuries and not for hamstring, quadriceps, or hip/groin strains. Conclusion: Muscle injuries are a substantial problem for players and their clubs. They constitute almost one third of all time-loss injuries in men’s professional football, and 92% of all injuries affect the 4 big muscle groups in the lower limbs.
Subscapularis Function and Structural Integrity After Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Subscapularis Tears
Authors: Bartl Christoph , Salzmann Gian M. , Seppel Gernot , Eichhorn Stefan , Holzapfel Konstantin , Wörtler Klaus , Imhoff Andreas B. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Results of arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tendon tears have not been widely studied. A detailed evaluation of subscapularis function with subscapularis strength quantification has not been performed to date. Purpose: To evaluate postoperative subscapularis muscle function and to assess the clinical outcome and structural tendon integrity with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tears. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In a prospective study, isolated subscapularis tendon tears in 21 patients were treated with an all-arthroscopic repair. The average age of the study population was 43 years. The mean interval between trauma and surgery was 5.8 months. In 19 patients, a traumatic event caused the onset of symptoms. Subscapularis muscle function was assessed with specific clinical tests and the Constant scoring system. Postoperative subscapularis strength was evaluated with a custom-made electronic force measurement plate. All patients underwent postoperative magnetic resonance imaging to assess structural integrity of the repair. Results: The average duration of follow-up was 27 months. The Constant score increased from 50 points preoperatively to 82 points postoperatively ( P < .01). Most positive preoperative lift-off and belly-press tests were reversed by surgery, with a rate of 5 (24%) persistent positive tests after surgery. In operated shoulders, subscapularis strength in the belly-press (65 vs 87 N; P < .05) and the lift-off position (44 vs 68 N; P < .05) was significantly reduced compared with the contralateral shoulder. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intact repair in 20 patients. Atrophy of the upper subscapularis muscle portion was present in about one-fourth of the patients and in all patients with a positive postoperative belly-press test. Conclusion: Arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tendon tears achieves substantial improvement of shoulder function and a low rerupture rate. Despite excellent clinical results, a significant postoperative subscapularis strength deficit compared with the contralateral shoulder persists that can be quantified with use of the force measurement plate. Atrophy of the upper subscapularis muscle is present in 25% of the patients in the postoperative course.
Trust, risk and the (mis)management of contingency and discretion through new information technologies in children’s services
Authors: Pithouse Andrew , Broadhurst Karen , Hall Chris , Peckover Sue , Wastell Dave , White Sue 
Published: February 2011

• Summary: While UK social work’s core purpose in children’s services continues to invoke the ready virtues of universal care, protection from significant harm and a child rights led approach as foundational to effective intervention, there is a ‘real-world’ context of organizational practices that inevitably mediate who gets what services and why. This was ever thus. What has changed however is not so much the claims by social work to a virtuous purpose (the ethic of care offers a durable discourse from which to cast service users as worthy and our efforts as honourable) but that new risk-reduction technologies are exposing a worrying gap between the rhetoric of a humane-oriented project of care and the actionable decision-making of professionals drawing upon administrative targeting systems that seek to reduce organizational exposure to error, blame, reputational damage and unwanted external scrutiny. • Findings: The article exposes a gap between core values and risk management by examining the erosion of trust in professional social work and consequent shift towards new information technologies which intend to generate system confidence, such as the Integrated Children’s System (ICS) which seeks to provide a more accountable management of contingency. Drawing on data from our recent multi-method research of frontline practice funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council, we challenge the view that the uncertainty and ambiguity of risk-immersed social work can be more safely moderated by computer-based technologies for reporting and decision-making. • Applications: The findings of this study suggest the need for significant reform of the ICS system. Our explorations in front line decision-making suggests that the IT workflow systems that channel and shape the way need is responded to in order to make actions and their often distributed ownership transparent and justifiable, have the unintended potential to obscure risk. We outline ways in which risk in its institutional and personal contexts in children’s services may become less evident and tractable to moderation by the ICS systems that seek this very purpose. In doing so we consider the balance between professional trust and system confidence and consider whether the time has come to shift the balance back to the former if we are to re-engage more fully with the occupation’s humane mission.
A parting of the ways? The diverging nature of mental health social work in the light of the new Acts in Scotland, and in England and Wales
Authors: Mackay Kathryn 
Published: February 2011

•  Summary: This article uses the concept of citizenship to explore the recent mental health statutes within England and Wales and within Scotland. It argues that differences in the content, and practice context, herald a parting of the ways in mental health social work in the United Kingdom. •  Findings: The author focuses on three key differences: the reciprocity principle, the grounds for compulsory treatment and the place of social work within compulsory intervention to demonstrate how the statutes have led to more limited legal, procedural and social rights in England and Wales than in Scotland. The result for social work is that the practice context created in England and Wales may become more risk averse and that social work services may have a more residual role within statutory mental health work. The differences described in this article may also reflect increasing post-devolution divergence in the provision of social work services across the four countries that make up the United Kingdom. •  Applications: Further research is needed to explore if these divergences, within mental health law and policy, are in practice supporting or limiting citizenship.
Comparative genomics allowed the identification of drug targets against human fungal pathogens
Authors: Abadio Ana Karina R , Kioshima Erika S , Teixeira Marcus M , Martins Natalia F , Maigret Bernard , Felipe Maria Sueli S 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has increased steadily worldwide in the last few decades. Particularly, there has been a global rise in the number of infections among immunosuppressed people. These patients present severe clinical forms of the infections, which are commonly fatal, and they are more susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections than non-immunocompromised people. IFIs have historically been associated with high morbidity and mortality, partly because of the limitations of available antifungal therapies, including side effects, toxicities, drug interactions and antifungal resistance. Thus, the search for alternative therapies and/or the development of more specific drugs is a challenge that needs to be met. Genomics has created new ways of examining genes, which open new strategies for drug development and control of human diseases.

Results

In silico analyses and manual mining selected initially 57 potential drug targets, based on 55 genes experimentally confirmed as essential for Candida albicans or Aspergillus fumigatus and other 2 genes (kre2 and erg6) relevant for fungal survival within the host. Orthologs for those 57 potential targets were also identified in eight human fungal pathogens (C. albicans, A. fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Paracoccidioides lutzii, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum). Of those, 10 genes were present in all pathogenic fungi analyzed and absent in the human genome. We focused on four candidates: trr1 that encodes for thioredoxin reductase, rim8 that encodes for a protein involved in the proteolytic activation of a transcriptional factor in response to alkaline pH, kre2 that encodes for α-1,2-mannosyltransferase and erg6 that encodes for Δ(24)-sterol C-methyltransferase.

Conclusions
Our data show that the comparative genomics analysis of eight fungal pathogens enabled the identification of four new potential drug targets. The preferred profile for fungal targets includes proteins conserved among fungi, but absent in the human genome. These characteristics potentially minimize toxic side effects exerted by pharmacological inhibition of the cellular targets. From this first step of post-genomic analysis, we obtained information relevant to future new drug development.
General practitioners' and district nurses' conceptions of the encounter with obese patients in primary health care
Authors: Hansson Lena M , Rasmussen Finn , Ahlstrom Gerd I 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Primary health care specialists have a key role in the management of obesity. Through understanding how they conceive the encounter with patients with obesity, treatment may be improved. The aim of this study was thus to explore general practitioners' and district nurses' conceptions of encountering patients with obesity in primary health care.

Method
Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and analysed using a phenomenographic approach. The participants were 10 general practitioners (6 women, 4 men) and 10 district nurses (7 women, 3 men) from 19 primary health care centres within a well-defined area of Sweden.

Results
Five descriptive categories were identified: Adequate primary health care, Promoting lifestyle change, Need for competency, Adherence to new habits and Understanding patient attitudes. All participants, independent of gender and profession, were represented in the descriptive categories. Some profession and gender differences were, however, found in the underlying conceptions. The general staff view was that obesity had to be prioritised. However, there was also the contradictory view that obesity is not a disease and therefore not the responsibility of primary health care. Despite this, staff conceived it as important that patients were met with respect and that individual solutions were provided which could be adhered to step-by-step by the patient. Patient attitudes, such as motivation to change, evasive behaviour, too much trust in care and lack of self-confidence, were, however, conceived as major barriers to a fruitful encounter.

Conclusions
Findings from this study indicate that there is a need for development and organisation of weight management in primary health care. Raising awareness of staff's negative views of patient attitudes is important since it is likely that it affects the patient-staff relationship and staff's treatment efforts. More research is also needed on gender and profession differences in this area.