bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of autoantibodies to rat corneal protein 54
Authors: VERHAGEN C , BREEBAART A C , SUTTORP-SCHULTEN M S A , HOEKZEMA R , VAN HAREN M , KIJLSTRA A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Many studies have described the presence of circulating antibodies against corneal components in patients with corneal disease or uveitis, and in patients with skin or systemic disease with or without ocular involvement. The role of such antibodies in the underlying immunopathological process remains obscure. Here we describe the induction of autoantibodies against the rat cornea. Our attempts to induce corncal autoantibodies by various forms of keratitis and corneal trauma failed. However, circulating corneal autoantibodies could be detected by Western blotting after immunization of BN rats and Lewis rats with bovine corneal protein 54 (BCP 54). Rats immunized with rat corneal extracts (RaCE) or human serum albumin (HSA) as (auto) antigen did not develop corncal autoantibodies. During the study period (&gt; 4 months), it was observed that the presence of circulating corncal autoantibodies did not elicit corneal inflammation. Severe keratitis did develop when BCP 54-immunized rats were challenged intracorneally with BCP 54, but the clinical signs were not significantly different from HSA-immunized rats after an intracomcal HSA challenge. Injection of corneal autoantibodies into the corneal stroma did not provoke kcratilis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating corneal autoantibodies in rats without actual manipulation of the eye. This model may provide further insights in the role and significance of corneal autoantibodies in disease.
Effects of haemorrhage on bacterial antigen specific pulmonary plasma cell function
Authors: ROBINSON A , ABRAHAM E 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYNosocomial pneumonia is frequent after haemorrhage and trauma, and often contributes to multiple organ system failure, morbidity and mortality in this setting. Although the percentages and numbers of bacterial polysaccharide antigen-specific pulmonary B cell clonal precursors arc markedly decreased after haemorrhage, the effects of haemorrhage on pulmonary plasma cells actually producing antibody to these antigens are unknown. To investigate this question, the numbers of intraparcnchymal pulmonary plasma cells producing antibody against the bacterial polysaccharidc antigen levan (from Aerobacter levanicum) as well as bacterial antigen specific secretory IgA (sIgA) litres in the lungs were determined at various time points after 30% blood volume haemorrhage. Reduced numbers of bacterial antigen specific pulmonary plasma cells were found for more than 21 days following haemorrhage. An almost complete disappearance from the lungs of levan specific plasma cells occurred between 3 and 21 days after blood loss. Titres of bacterial antigen specific slgA in the lungs were decreased starting at 3 days post-haemorrhage and remained significantly depressed for more than 35 days after blood loss. These results demonstrate that haemorrhage produces profound and long-lasting suppression in bacterial antigen-specific pulmonary plasma cell function. Because these effects do not occur immediately post-haemorrhage, immunization techniques able to enhance bacterial antigen specific slgA litres at pulmonary surfaces may be able to increase resistance to nosocomial pneumonia if administered shortly after injury and blood loss.
Functional heterogeneity of human T cell clones from atopic and non-atopic donors
Authors: CHAMBERS C A , ZIMMERMAN B , HOZUMI N 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSeveral distinct T helper (TH) subsets have been identified, based on the cytokines secreted. Recently, it has been demonstrated that these subsets can regulate the isotype of humoral responses. To investigate the possible differences in TH subsets between atopic donors which have elevated serum IgE and donors with normal serum IgE, we examined series of human TH cell clones. A total of 31 and 22 CD4+ T cell clones from the atopic and non-atopic donors, respectively, were characterized for the ability to help for IgE synthesis in vitro. T cell clones generated with allergen AgE from the atopic donor were autoreactive and all induced IgE synthesis. Tetanus loxoid-specific (TT) and phytohaemagglutinin clones were generated from both donors. There was significant heterogeneity between the T cells isolated with different stimuli from the same atopic donor. Also, there was a significant difference in the number of T cells generated from the atopic versus the non-atopic donor which helped for IgE, although there was no significant difference between the total number of T cells able to help for immunoglobulin synthesis of other isotypes. Most importantly, there was a higher frequency of clones able to support IgE synthesis between TT-specific T cell clones generated from the atopic versus the non-atopic donor. These results suggest that there are changes in subsets of TH cells specific for microbial antigens as well as allergens in atopics, which may have important implications for the aetiology of atopic disease.
Myelin antigen reactive T cells in cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: WANG W Z , OLSSON T , KOSTULAS V , HÖJEBERG B , EKRE H P , LINK H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYT cell reactivities to the putative autoantigens myelin basic protein (MBP), MBP pcptides with amino acid residues 110–128 and 148–165, and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) were examined in patients with acute ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and, for comparison, in patients with inflammatory neurological diseases and other neurological diseases. A quantitative measure of these T cell reactivities was obtained by assessing numbers of T cells among blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mononuclear cells that secreted IFN-γ in response to antigen in vitro. Higher numbers of T cells reactive with each of these four antigens were detected in peripheral blood from patients with CVD compared with patients of the two control groups. Among blood cells from the CVD patients, their average number was 2·3–4·2/105 mononuclear cells. MBP reactive T cells were several-fold enriched in the CSF of CVD patients. The findings strongly suggest that brain damage in context with acute CVD leads to an in vivo expansion of myelin reactive T cells.
Reduction of graft-versus-host reactivity after small bowel transplantation: ex vivo treatment of intestinal allografts with an anti-T cell immunotoxin
Authors: CLARK C L INGHAM , SMITH G J , CRANE P W , PRICE B A , LEAR P A , FABRE J W , WOOD R F M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
A specific T lymphocyte immunotoxin was used to pre-treat small bowel grafts in an attempt to prevent graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity and GVH disease in a rat transplant model. The immunotoxin used was a conjugate of the anti-CD5 MoAb MRC OX-19 with ricin A chain. The grafts were perfused ex vivo with a standard solution of immunotoxin followed by incubation at 4°C for 1 h before transplantation. In a semi-allogeneic strain combination (parent to F1 hybrid offspring) graft treatment with immunotoxin led to a prolongation of recipient survival compared with groups receiving similar transplants without immunotoxin treatment. An additive effect on survival was observed when the host was treated with cyclosporin. The effect of immunotoxin was greater than that of mensenteric lymphadenectomy in increasing host survival. The effect of graft treatment with the immunoloxin on cellular migration from graft to host lymphoid tissues was assessed in fully allogeneic transplantation (PVG to DA). Host lymphoid tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using a MoAb specific for donor class I MHC antigens. Graft treatment with the immunotoxin led to a significant decrease in the number of graft cells found in host lymphoid tissues 7 days after transplantation. However, this effect was less marked than that achieved by graft mesenteric lymphadenectomy. With our current protocol graft treatment with a specific T cell immunotoxin can significantly reduce but not abolish GVH reactivity in rat small bowel transplantation.
Intracellular hydrogen peroxide production by peripheral phagocytes from diabetic patients. Dissociation between polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes
Authors: NORITAKE M , ATSURA Y K , SHINOMIYA N , KANATANI M , UWABE Y , NAGATA N , TSURU S 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAlthough the standard assays for reactive oxygen species have been based on the measurement of those released into the extracellular environment, the microbicidal capacity to the engulfed microorganisms is mainly dependent on those released into the intracellular environment, such as phagosomes. We studied intracellular oxidative activities of individual phagocytes by dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation assay to investigate the relationship between the reactive oxygen species released intracellularly and the impaired microbicidal capacity in diabetic patients. Time courses of intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) and monocyies were observed at the resting condition and after the stimulation with phorbol myristale acetate (PMA: 160 nm) by flow cytometry. Thirty-four patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 23 age-matched healthy volunteers were subjected to the studies. PMNL from patients with NIDDM showed a significantly decreased capacity to produce hydrogen peroxide after the stimulation (P &lt; 0·05 at 15 min, P &lt; 0·01 at 30 and 45 min). By contrast, inlracellular hydrogen peroxide production by monocytes at the resting condition and an early stimulatory phase (8 min after the stimulation) was significantly (P&lt; 0·01) enhanced in patients with NIDDM compared with that in controls. Both the changes of inlracellular hydrogen peroxide production observed in PMNL and monocytes from patients with NIDDM were in association with an increased haemoglobin Alc level in crythrocytes. but did not relate to total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum. The possible mechanisms of these dissociated changes in hydrogen peroxide producing capacity of phagocytes from patients with NIDDM are discussed.
Altered production of IgE and IgA induced by IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: YANO N , ENDOH M , MIYAZAKI M , YAMAUCHI F , NOMOTO Y , SAKAI H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to elucidate the factors responsible for altered immunoglobulin production in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). the in vitro effects oHL-4 and intcrferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on the synthesis of IgE and IgA by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. Spontaneous IgE and IgA synthesis by PBMC was significantly increased in patients with IgA nephropathy compared with controls. The maximum amounts of IgA and IgE synthesis by PBMC after stimulation with IL-4 were almost the same both in patients with IgAN and in controls. The enhancement rate of IL-4-induccd IgE and IgA synthesis was significantly lower in IgAN than in the controls, suggesting in vivo preactivation of PBMC in IgAN patients. IFN-γ suppressed IgA and IgE synthesis by PBMC from IgAN patients as well as controls. However, the suppressive effect on IgE synthesis was less prominent in patients with IgAN. These results suggested that altered IL-4 action might be involved in the development of IgA ncphropathy.
Circulating immune complexes may play a regulatory and pathogenic role in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis
Authors: KASP E , STANFORD M R , BROWN E , COOMBES A G A , DUMONDE D C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
We compared the time course of changes in serum levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and of IgG antibody after sensilization of albino Lewis and pigmented Lister strain rats with uveitogenic (retinal S-antigen) and non-uveitogenic (ovalbumin) protein antigens of comparable molecular weight. Normal levels of CICs were far lower in Lewis rats in which experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) lakes the form of a severe panuveitis, than in Lister rats, in which the disease is mild, focal, confined to the posterior segment, and of lower incidence. After sensitization with either S-antigen or ovalbumin, polyethylene-glycol-precipitable CIC (PEG-CIC) peaked and fell as IgG antibody levels rose in both rat strains. However, peak levels of PEG-CIC were lower and subsequent IgG antibody levels were higher in the Lewis strain than in the less susceptible Lister strain. In both strains of rat these linked PEG-CIC/IgG antibody responses occurred earlier after sensilization with uveitogenic (S-) antigen than with ovalbumin. whether or not individual S-antigen-sensitized Lister rats developed EAU. In contrast, complement-binding CIC rose substantially only in those rats of both strains displaying EAU in response to S-antigen and not in response to ovalbumin. We suggest that immune complex (idiotypic) regulation of IgG antibody responses may be more readily perturbed by a pathogenic autoantigen (S-antigen) than by a bland antigen (ovalbumin). We also suggest that differences between the balance of regulatory and pathogenic CIC responses to uveitogenic retinal antigen may underlie or reflect strain differences in susceptibility to and severity of EAU.
Expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) on normal and leukaemic B cells: implication for the mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: PADROS M R , NOLI M I , FAINBOIM L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYPeripheral blood normal B lymphocytes were found to be poor stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), in contrast to normal activated B cells which were strong stimulators. This increased capacity to stimulate a strong MLR correlated with an increased expression of the ICAM-1 (CD54) molecule on the surface of these cells. Similarly, the capacity of leukaemic B cells to induce an allogenic stimulation in the MLR was limited to the ICAM-1 (CD54) positive leukaemic cells. The ability of normal activated or leukaemic B cells to induce an M LR was blocked by antibodies directed against ICAM-1.
Isolation and characterization of dendritic cells from adenoids of children with otitis media with effusion
Authors: VAN NIEUWKERK E B J , VAN DER BAAN S , RICHTERS C D , KAMPERDIJK E W A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYDendritic cells were enriched from adenoids of children with otitis media with effusion (OME) by density gradient centrifugation and culture techniques. An enrichment of 40–140-fold was obtained for dendritic cells. These cells were identified using morphology, enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry and functional criteria. Dendritic cells could be easily distinguished from macrophages. It appeared that the MoAb EBM 11 (CD68) discriminated between dendritic cells and macrophages; in dendritic cells this activity was localized in a spot, whereas in macrophages it was found throughout the whole cytoplasm. The fractions enriched with dendritic cells showed a strong stimulatory effect on allogeneic T cells. These responses were MHC class II dependent since they could be blocked by anti-HLA-DR/DQ MoAbs. The data clearly show that dendritic cells from adenoids of children with OME still have functional capacities.
Induction of endogenous retroviral gene product (SU) as an acute-phase protein by IL-6 in murine hepatocytes
Authors: ITOH Y , MARUYAMA N , KITAMURA M , SHIRASAWA T , SHIGEMOTO K , KOIKE T 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of Lps locus and IL-6 on the production of SU (previously termed gp70), a mouse endogenous retroviral gene product, was studied. Back-cross studies using the progeny between (NZB × C3H/HeJ)F1 and C3H/HeJ mice indicate that the basal level of SU is not associated with the Lps locus on chromosome 4. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mitogen response-negative mice did not show the enhancement of serum SU production after LPS injection. Spleen cells from LPS-mitogen response-positive but not from negative mice showed increase of IL-6 synthesis in the presence of LPS. Since IL-6 may be involved in the production of serum SU, we tested the effect of IL-6 in a primary hepatocyte culture system. SU production was clearly enhanced in the presence of recombinant IL-6, indicating that IL-6 induced by LPS can enhance the expression of retroviral genome.
Functional activities of synthetic anaphylatoxic peptides in widely used biological assays
Authors: KOLA A , KLOS A , BAUTSCH W , KRETZSCHMAR T , KÖHL J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA comparison study was carried out between the modern ATP release assay (ARA) with guinea-pig platelets and the traditional guinea-pig ileum contraction assay (ICA). The biological activities of the anaphylatoxin C3a and synthetic C3a analogue peptides were determined in both assays. In dose-response curves with C3a, a human C3a peptide with the last 21 amino acids of the C terminus (C3a 56–77) and a peptide with 13 amino acids which was acylated N-terminal with the aromatic fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group and an aminohexanoyl group (Fmoc-Ahx YRRGRAAALGLAR) were tested. The ARA turned out to be 100 times more sensitive than the ICA. In contrast to previous reports the 21 amino acid long C3a analogue peptide did not exhibit full C3a activity but only 7% (ARA) or 12% (ICA). The potentiation of biological activity in the ARA by coupling non-peptide acyl-residues N terminal to peptidic C3a analogues could be confirmed with Fmoc-Ahx-YRRGRAAALGLAR in the ICA. In addition, the tri-peptide Fmoc-Ahx-LAR displayed C3a specific activity in the ICA demonstrated by desensitization experiments.
The concentration of the C-type lectin, mannan-binding protein, in human plasma increases during an acute phase response
Authors: THIEL S , HOLMSKOV U , HVIID L , LAURSEN S B , JENSENIUS J C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTwo ELISAs for estimating mannan-binding protein (MBP) were constructed and the concentration of MBP in plasma was followed in patients undergoing major surgery and in patients having a malarial attack. In both cases increases of MBP in the plasma were observed. The relative increase and the kinetics varied from person to person. The concentration of MBP increased between 1·5- and three-fold following surgery. In some patients an increase was seen at day 1 whereas in others the increase was not observed until days 3–9. In the malaria patients an increased level of MBP was maintained during 30 days of treatment with chloroquine. The relative increase in MBP was independent of the presurgery or premalaria levels.
Haemodialysis as a model for studying endogenous plasma DNA: oligonucleosome-like structure and clearance
Authors: RUMORE P , MURALIDHAR B , LIN M , LAI C , STEINMAN C R 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe rale of clearance of extracellular plasma DNA in man has important implications for palhogenetic mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). as well as for certain other clinical states. Present knowledge of this parameter is derived exclusively from studies of injected, naked DNA in animals. Recent information indicates that the physiologic form of plasma DNA in SLE is that of oligonucleosome-like molecules rather than of naked DNA and consists of mullimeric complexes of DNA bound to histone. probably arising from an apoptolic process. In order to study the rate at which these oligonucleosome-like complexes are removed from plasma and to do so in man rather than experimental animals, we exploited the observation that during haemodialysis large amounts of DNA arc released, apparently within the dialysis coil, into the patient's plasma. Since this release appears to cease promptly with termination of the procedure, it offered the potential for estimating the rale of removal of such DNA from human plasma. Moreover, If that DNA. as postulated, were shown to possess an oligonucleosome-like structure resembling that found endogenously in human SLE, the relevance of such information to the human disease state would be further enhanced. The present results support the conclusion that DNA released into plasma during haemodialysis possesses such an oligonucleosome-like structure. The plasma half-life of that DNA in man was found not to exceed 4 min. The highly dynamic state thus implied for extracellular endogenous plasma DNA in man has important implications for pathogenelie mechanisms dependent on dsDNA in SLE. Moreover, individuals undergoing chronic haemodialysis. who are thereby exposed to a very large cumulative amount of such DNA, might serve as models for studying its long-term sequelae.
Hodgkin's cells express a novel pattern of adhesion molecules
Authors: ELLIS P A , HART D N J , COLLS B M , NIMMO J C , MacDONALD J E , ANGUS H B 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAdhesion molecules play an important role in the functioning of the immune system, particularly with regard to cell-cell interactions and antigen presentation. Several adhesion molecules are expressed on Hodgkin's disease-derived cell lines and these arc important in their molecular interactions as antigen presenting cells (APC). There are no data regarding the expression of many of these adhesion molecules on Reed-Slernbcrg cells and its mononuclear variant (Hodgkin's cells (HC)) present in pathological material. To obtain this information we undertook an immunohistolo-gical study on material from 18 cases of Hodgkin's disease using a panel of MoAbs to examine the expression of adhesion molecules on HC. The HC were shown to express the integrin β1 subfamily molecules. LFA-I (CD11a) and p150,95 (CD11c)in high density but lacked CR3(CD11b). All of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily adhesion molecules studied were present to some degree on HC. with ICAM-2, in particular, showing moderate to strong expression in most cases. The Hermes antigen CD44 was present in high density but leukosialin (CD43), another molecule present on diverse leucocyte types, was. in general, not detected on HC. These new data showing that ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and LFA-3 are, like LFA-1, expressed on HC emphasize the ability of HC to act as APC. The known adhesion molecule phenotype of the recently defined haematopoietic lineage of human dendritic cells (DC) is broadly similar to that of HC. perhaps supporting the hypothesis that some HC represent a malignancy of an APC (DC) lineage.
Structure and expression of themb-1transcript in human lymphoid cells
Authors: LEDUC I , PREUD'HOMME J-L , COGNÉ M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe mb-1 gene encodes a protein associated with membrane-bound immunoglobulins (mlg) and it has been suggested that it may play a role in signal iransduction. Using a murine probe, we cloned a human complementary DNA homologous to the murine mb-1 sequence. Its complete sequence is in full agreement with a recently published human cDNA sequence but differs from a previously reported partial sequence. We studied mb-1 expression in human cells at various maturation stages. Large amounts of a single 1·4 kb transcript were detectable in B cell lines carrying mlg of the μ, γ, α1 or α2 isotype. The mb-1 mRNA was also expressed in prc-B cells and in cells expressing truncated membrane μ chains devoid of associated light chains. Only trace amounts of mb-1 mRNA were found in tissue samples containing numerous plasma cells, while no mRNA was delected in several plasmacytoma cell lines, indicating that expression is shut down in plasma cells. No signal was found in T cells or in non-lymphoid tissues. Altogether, these results show that the human mb-1 gene is expressed in prc-B cells and B lymphocytes, regardless of the isotype of the mlg heavy chain and is no longer expressed in plasma cells.