bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGU Pacific Northwest Meeting Report
Authors: Weaver J. T. 
Published: October 2011

The Twenty‐Third Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Region of AGU was held at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, on September 30 and October 1, 1976. The meeting attracted 150 registered participants, an attendance roughly equal to the record attendance set in the previous year. A total of 92 scientific papers were submitted for presentation, substantially more than the number submitted at any previous regional meeting.The program featured four special sessions: Tectonics of Small Plates in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Arctic Oceanography, Problems in Water Management and Applied Hydrology, and Water Resources of the Lower Fraser River. In addition, sessions on Tectonophysics, Meteorology, Oceanography, Hydrology, Seismology, Volcanology and Geomagnetism, and General and Theoretical Geophysics were held. On the final afternoon, slides on the Big Thompson Canyon Flood were presented by A. J. Tamburi of the Western Hydraulic Laboratories in Port Coquitlam, B. C.
This month's cover: Carl Friedrich Gauss—200th anniversary
Authors: Stern David P. 
Published: October 2011

Two hundred years ago this month, on April 30, 1777, a boy was born to a poor laborer in Brunswick, Germany, who was destined to leave a lasting imprint on mathematics, physics, astronomy, geodesy, and geomagnetism.Young Carl showed extraordinary promise even at an early age. When Gauss was 10 years old‐it is a famous story now—his class was assigned a long exercise in arithmetic, adding up all integers from 1 to 100. As soon as the teacher had finished giving the problem, Gauss wrote an answer on his slate and banged it down: ‘Ligget se,’ he exclaimed. ‘It lies down’ (the slate with the answer), or in other words, finished. Of course Gauss never bothered to carry out the addition; he just noticed that the numbers could be paired, 100 with 1, 99 with 2, etc., 50 pairs in all, each equal to 101, and one simple multiplication did the rest.
President's page: A look ahead for GRL
Authors: Nagy A. F. 
Published: October 2011

As the new editor of Geophysical Research Letters I am pleased to have this opportunity to review the achievements of the journal and to look ahead to its future.Members of AGU should think of Geophysical Research Letters as the quick way to publish their exciting new ideas, techniques, and observations in a properly reviewed and well‐respected journal. The majority of papers accepted appear in the journal within 90 days of receipt by the editor. Referees assure that the scientific content is of the high quality usually associated with AGU publications. Contributions from many nations and one of the highest circulations among journals devoted to geophysics testify to the respect that Geophysical Research Letters has achieved in its first 3 years. The success of this journal is due mainly to the enthusiasm and hard work of its first editor, Noel Hinners, his assistant editor, Frank Martin, and the AGU production staff. Noel Hinners, with the help of many hard‐working reviewers, has established a high standard for the journal and has demonstrated that rapid review and author‐produced copy can result in a significant decrease in both publication time and cost. All of us in the Union owe Noel and his co‐workers a great deal of appreciation and thanks for a job well done.
Erie Canal Report
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A hydrologic ‘postaudit’ of the old Erie Canal—the first major water project in the United States—has been completed by the U.S. Geological Survey and could be helpful in modern water resources planning.W. B. Langbein, a retired research hydrologist of the USGS and author of the report, said that the total quantities of water taken into the canal made it the largest hydraulic undertaking of its time in the United States.
AAAS‐Newcomb Cleveland Prize
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is currently accepting nominations for the AAAS‐Newcomb Cleveland Prize.The award, which previously honored research papers presented at AAAS annual meetings, will henceforth recognize the author of an outstanding paper published from September through August in the Reports section of Science magazine. The first competition year under the new rules starts with the September 3, 1976, issue of Science and ends with the August 26, 1977, issue. The value of the prize has been raised from $2000 to $5000; the winner will also receive a bronze medal.
OES solicits suggestions
Authors: Oliver Jake E. 
Published: October 2011

The Office of Earth Sciences (OES) and its Advisory Board, Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, are anxious to have the assistance of earth scientists in assuring that their responsibilities are fully met. These responsibilities include continued awareness and active concern for the health of the earth sciences, identification of opportunities for the earth sciences in meeting national needs, and fostering of awareness of scientific advances that may help resolve national problems. Atmospheric, oceanographic, and solid earth scientists are invited to suggest activities at the national level to the office and its advisory board.In making such suggestions, individual earth scientists have an opportunity to affect science and technology related to national problems. For example, at the suggestion of a leading earth scientist the Committee on Resources and Man was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1967 and the committee's report entitled ‘Resources and Man’ was published in 1969. The report weighed critical resource constraints, considered the time scale within which our society would have to cope with them, and recommended steps to improve our capability to deal with them. This report was read by members of Congress, other government officials, and thousands of citizens. It undoubtedly had a major impact. More recently, a leading scientist suggested that geodesy as a discipline should be reviewed, with emphasis on the infusion of new technology and science into current conventional efforts in the field. A committee was established in 1975; it is currently reviewing this subject and will report its recommendations in the near future. This report will be read by government officials, scientists in the field, and the public.
Removal of halocarbons from atmosphere
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A possible means of destruction of halocarbons by sunlight in the lower atmosphere has been demonstrated for the first time in laboratory experiments conducted at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Gaithersburg, Maryland.NBS chemists Pierre J. Ausloos and Richard E. Rebbert report that solar radiation of wavelengths which reach the earth's lower atmosphere (troposphere) can break down fluorocarbon 11 (CFC13), fluorocarbon 12 (CF2C12), and carbon tetrachloride (CC14) if the chemicals are first adsorbed (physically bound) onto sand or quartz.
Seed program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation announces the Scientists and Engineers in Economic Development (Seed) program for the second half of 1977. Under this program, scientists and engineers from U.S. colleges and universities teach and conduct research in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The program is designed for U.S. scientists and engineers to share their knowledge and experience in fields important to the economic development of the host country—engineering, physical sciences, earth sciences, biological sciences, social sciences, and science education.The program, funded by the Agency for International Development and administered by the National Science Foundation, provides two types of awards: research/teaching grants, enabling a scientist or engineer to spend five months to a year conducting research or teaching, or both, at an academic institution in the host country of his or her choice (stipends and fringe benefits up to $1500 per month), and international travel awards, which permit scientists and engineers to make short‐term visits to conduct seminars, give lectures, review specific research projects, survey educational developments, or make other contributions. Applications for travel support may be submitted at any time. Research/teaching grants may be of particular interest to faculty members who will be on sabbatical leave.
Coastal zone maps to be published
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A series of coastal zone maps of U.S. areas showing both the topography of the land and the bathymetry of the ocean and other water areas is to be published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Ocean Survey. The multicolor maps are designed for use mainly by coastal zone planners and administrators as well as conservationists, environmentalists, and others interested in programs, projects, and activities from the coastal wetlands to the outer continental shelf (OCS).The joint announcement by the USGS and NOS stated that effective administration of coastal zone activities such as federal OCS oil and gas leasing and development, nearshore and onshore oil and gas programs administered by states, federal water pollution activities, and the new coastal energy impact program requires maps that accurately delineate the land and ocean bottom characteristics.
New ozone evolution theory proposed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Atmospheric ozone may have evolved several hundred million years earlier than was previously believed according to Joel S. Levine, NASA/Langley Research Center, Paul B. Hays, University of Michigan, and James C. G. Walker, National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center.Their new ozone evolution chronology, presented in a paper given at the spring AGU meeting, is based on a photochemical model developed to investigate the evolution of ozone as photosynthetic activity increased molecular oxygen from a trace gas to its present level. The ozone evolution model, which considers the effects of varying oxygen levels as well as the effects of nitrogen and hydrogen chemistry and vertical eddy transport, simplifies the relationship between oxygen level and ozone content. Oxygen regulates ozone formation via direct chemistry while also limiting the depth of penetration of solar ultraviolet radiation into the atmosphere. Lower levels of oxygen permit the important deeper penetration of solar ultraviolet radiation into the atmosphere. Thus the formation of stratospheric ozone is initiated by the formation of oxygen atoms via the photodissociation of the oxygen molecule by solar ultraviolet radiation. The newly formed oxygen atom then combines with an oxygen molecule in the presence of any third molecule to form ozone.
A modeling concept for energy use
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Elmer R. Reiter and other researchers at Colorado State University have examined the impact of industrial consumers switching from natural gas to other energy sources. This will wipe out one of the emergency energy supplies that cities have routinely used in severe weather—the interruptible industrial consumer. If there are no longer any major interruptible customers, storage is the only possible buffer against excessive demand fluctuations.Reiter, in a talk at the spring AGU meeting, pointed out that ‘the last winter should have taught us a valuable lesson. It can serve as an example for the weather‐caused variability in gas demand with which our delivery system will have to cope’.
Water consumption for a 12‐ounce can of beverage: 2100 ounces
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Having a can of pop instead of water with your meals may seem like a solution to the droughts plaguing much of the nation. Unfortunately, a 12‐oz can of beverage probably used 66.6 quarts of water before it found its way to your dinner table.This perspective on water use information comes from I. C. James II , J. C. Kammerer, and C. R. Murray, hydrologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Center in Reston, Virginia, and is published in the USGS 1976 annual report.
Greenland Ice Sheet monitored by Geos 3
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Geos 3, the geodynamics experimental oceanographic satellite, can measure ice surface elevation with a resolution as good as 1 m. H. Ray Stanley, project scientist at NASA/Wallops Flight Center, reported at the spring AGU meeting that 100,000 km2 of the southern Greenland ice sheet from latitudes 60° north to 65° north are being contoured in the first Geos 3 ice survey.Ground‐based radar and lasers, several hundred kilometers apart, track the satellite to allow for computation of its height above the earth's ellipsoid, while the downpointing radar satellite altimeter measures the distance between the satellite and the ice surface. The elevation of the ice surface—a crucial measurement for climate studies—is then calculated by subtracting the altimeter measurement from the computed satellite height above the ellipsoid.
Awards Presented at the Spring Meeting: Sixteenth Presentation: James B. Macelwane Award to Christopher T. Russell in Recognition of Significant Contributions to the Geophysical Sciences by a Young Scientist of Outstanding Ability
Authors: Lanzerotti L. J. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: October 2011

It is an honor and a pleasure for me this evening to introduce to you one of the recipients of the Macelwane Award, Dr. C. T. Russell of the University of California, Los Angeles. This award is presented by the AGU for outstanding scientific contributions by a young scientist, and it is very fitting that Chris be one of the recipients this year.A Canadian citizen, Chris was born in England and received his undergraduate degree from the University of Toronto. Even a casual glance at Chris's bibliography and curriculum vitae will show that he has been very active in research since receiving his Ph.D. from UCLA in 1968. He has made significant contributions to a wide range of space science and geophysics activities. His analyses of satellite data and theoretical interpretations have ranged over the frequency spectrum from studies of ultra low frequency hydromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere to studies of low‐frequency waves and their influences on particle transport and loss processes in the earth's Van Allen radiation belts. His contributions also include studies of waves in the solar wind and their generation by the shock wave in front of the magnetosphere. In terms of ‘solid‐body’ geophysics he has been an important contributor to studies of induction by the interplanetary field in the moon in order to better understand the total conductivity profile of the earth's nearest celestial neighbor.
Monsoon experiment to be included in Garp
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The driving mechanisms behind monsoons are not yet well understood; thus a monsoon experiment (called Monex) was incorporated into the Global Atmospheric Research Program (Garp). Monex will have three components, all conducted in connection with the First Garp Global Experiment (FGGE) in 1979. FGGE will provide the basic observing system for Monex, but additional platforms and stations will supplement the FGGE network in the Monex experiment area that extends from 30°N to 20°S and from 35° to 150°E.The winter component of Monex will focus on the South China Sea and adjacent island and coastal areas, where a vast area of convective activity and rainfall periodically floods waterways. Beginning in December 1978, this effort will last through the First FGGE Special Observing Period (SOP I) from January 5 to March 5, 1979. FGGE dropwindsondes will be used to measure equatorial winds, and other studies will examine the inversion layer and the low‐level jet over the west Arabian Sea.
Study shows hurricanes pushing bottom sediments
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Hurricanes generate bottom currents in ocean waters 5 km deep, according to a recent study by Patrick Taylor of the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA). With an array of current meters on the ocean bottom northeast of Bermuda.Taylor recorded currents of more than 30 cm/s generated by three of the hurricanes that passed over the surface. A fourth storm generated a current nearly that strong. This work began as an effort to find out what disturbed the sediment on the flanks of the Gilliss Seamount, a submarine volcano that rises 3 km above the sea floor 576 km northeast of Bermuda.
Climatic Trend Study slated for Greenland
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Chester Langway, Jr., is coordinating the National Science Foundation's Greenland Ice Sheet Program (GISP). GISP will focus on improved understanding of climatic trends and tracing atmospheric circulation and transport of such organic pollutants as DDT, other pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlorofluorocarbons.This summer's GISP work was somewhat preliminary, since the research team was scheduled to do only shallow drilling while studying potential areas for future deeper drilling. Drilling to the bedrock 3050 meters beneath the ice will not occur until 1980.
Geothermal energy promising potential for Idaho
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The geology of the Snake River Plain and of the adjacent Island Park and Yellowstone areas suggests a major thermal anomaly that, if it can be tapped, could provide much of the future energy requirements of Idaho.Working from this thesis, the State of Idaho and the U.S. Geological Survey began a 3‐year assessment of the geothermal energy potential of the Snake River Plain, where most of Idaho's population lives. Major objectives of the geothermal project include developing a geological model of the eastern Snake River Plain;; using this model to evaluate the probability of additional major geothermal resources; and testing, by deep drilling, the most promising geothermal areas.
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and astronomical events were reported byte Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.Volcanic EventsAfter several months of quiescence, Mt. Etna (Italy) began to erupt during the early morning of July 16 from a new vent at 3200‐m elevation, just north of the northeast crater. The new vent, containing a small lava lake, waste source of two lava flows, the larger of which moved east into the Valle del Leone and the smaller to the north. By July 18 the flows had reached about 2 km and 800 m in length, respectively. Shortly after the first lava effusion, Strombolian activity began from the new vent, rapidly increasing in frequency and power. Ejecta reached 600 m in height and covered an area about 1 km in diameter. The explosions had ended by July 20, and lava extrusion ceased July 23–24.
AGU Scholars
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In recognition of the strong support of the American Geophysical Union and the largest single contribution to the American Geological Institute Minority Participation Program, 12 of this year's scholarship recipients have been designated ‘AGU scholars.’ The AGU scholars have all elected courses of study related to the broad areas of interest of the American Geophysical Union.We are pleased to announce the 1977–1978 AGU scholars.
AGU Chapman Conference: Second Magnetospheric Cleft Symposium
Authors: Banks P. M. 
Published: October 2011

The notion that magnetospheric research has drifted into a region of scientific doldrums has received recent attention and not‐so‐gentle probing. The spirited discussion and scientific excitement pervading the Second Magnetospheric Cleft Symposium, however, argues strongly fora highly viable state of the discipline as the traditional ideas of magnetospheric structure and space plasma electrodynamics are tested and found lacking. From the new results presented at this symposium it is readily apparent that voyages of discovery in the magnetosphere and ionosphere continue to provide a wealth of important new information about the complex processes linking the solar wind and the earth.The magnetospheric cleft, the subject of this symposium, is a unique feature of the high‐latitude dayside magnetosphere first identified in 1971 by Heikkila and Winningham [1971]and by Frank [1971]. As seen near the earth, the cleft occupies a narrowband centered near noon but greatly elongated in longitude. Within this band, precipitation of energetic particles occurs while auroral emissions,intense currents, large electric fields,atmosphere heating, and ionospheric fluctuations are continually present.The region of disturbance extends outward along magnetic field lines tote boundary of the magnetosphere, diverging in width as the magnetic field lines open toward the magnetopause (see Figure 1).
MIT meteorologists look at sea and air
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) meteorologist Reginald E. Newell, reviewed in MIT's Reports on Research, suggests that monitoring ocean temperatures as well as volcanic eruptions may allow scientists to make 6‐month forecasts of average atmospheric temperature in the tropics.The temperature value that the MIT method predicts is an average over 14 stations situated between 20°N and 20°S latitude at altitudes from 7 to 10 km.
Visit to Tsingtao
Authors: Munk Walter H. 
Published: October 2011

In June 1977, Philip Handler, president of the National Academy of Sciences, led an interdisciplinary delegation of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China to the People's Republic of China (PRC) to discuss with their Chinese counterparts the exchange program in the physical and social sciences.Our mission to Peking had been to replace the ‘scientific tourism’ of the last two years of the exchange program with something more substantial. It may be some time before we see the fruits of this mission, since we were told that cooperative scientific ventures would have to wait for ‘normalization.’
Nominees for President‐Elect of AGU: J. Tuzo Wilson
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Naturally, I welcome the new policy of the American Geophysical Union which allows those who are not American citizens to be nominated and to act as officers. This gracious gesture recognizes the fact that the AGU has always been international in its outlook and that its meetings have been important events attended by visitors from many countries. By their frequency they act as a valuable supplement of the less frequent meetings of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.Professor R. M. Field first brought me to the meetings when I was a graduate student at Princeton in the mid‐thirties. Visitors then included such distinguished European figures as Chapman and Bartels in geomagnetism, Bjerknes, Rossby, Sverdrup, and Proudman in meteorology and oceanography, Vening Meinesz in geodesy, and Jeffreys in seismology. At a later meeting I met Teilhart de Chardin the paleontologist and humanist. Now scientists come from all over the world.
Conference report: Toward earthquake prediction on the global scale
Authors: Spence William , Pakiser L. C. 
Published: October 2011

Only 10 years ago, most U.S. seismologists would have attributed to the dark arts any claim that earthquakes would be predictable. Yet at that very time the radical theory of global tectonics was being firmly established. Today, seismologists recognize numerous physical precursors to earthquakes. Earthquake prediction research is respectable in the scientific establishment.A valid earthquake prediction specifies location, time of occurrence, size, and probability. Successful prediction of large earthquakes can lead to great reductions in economic and life losses; to increased safety and efficiency in critical facilities such as nuclear reactors, power grid control centers, and dams; and to there turn of a populace to normal living patterns following a damaging earthquake.