bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'occupation protohistorique du site de Fontenay-en-Parisis "La Lampe" (Val-d'Oise) : un lieu de consommation collective à La Tène C1/C2 / Protohistoric occupation of the site «La Lampe» at Fontenay-en-Parisis (Val-d'Oise): a feasting site dated of La Tene C1/C2
Authors: Daveau Isabelle , Yvinec Jean-Hervé 
Published: July 2010

The Fontenay-en-Parisis site « La Lampe » has revealed remains of the Gallic and Gallo-Roman
periods. In the first phase, the abundance and variety of archaeological objects constrasts with the extreme poverty of the setting. The survey of fauna remains highlights two modes of consumption in force on the site, in particular the practice of festive meals. These two features lead us to ask ourselves questions about the exact nature of the site and about the status of its occupants.
Le château de Beynes (Yvelines) du XIIe au XVIe siècle : des barons féodaux aux favorites royales, du bourg castral au bourg vigneron : la longue vie d'un château-fort dans un village d'Ile-de-France / The castle of Beynes (Yvelines) from the 12th to the 16th century: from feudal barons to royal favorites from fortified market town to wine growing town. the long life of a fortified castle in a village in the Ile-de-France region
Authors: Dufaÿ Bruno 
Published: July 2010

The Medieval castle of Beynes is a perfect example of these fortresses born of feudalism, in the
context of the struggle against the expansion of the Capétiens. But it kept a strategic value until the end of the Middle Ages, initially because of the Hundred Years ' War, then wars of religion, particularly virulent in the Parisian west. Lastly, far from being abandoned at this time, it was to become a means for the powerful to acquire possessions close to the capital. The castle has been fully excavated by the author of the article and these excavations make it possible to go well beyond the architectural analysis of elevations, and to propose a fine evolution of the building and its modes of occupation. One thus sees successively forming the home of a feudal baron, barracks, and finally apartments for the kings and their favourites. Moreover, this study was the occasion to take up again the study of the evolution of the borough from which one thus could understand the genesis and the development (or checks) caused by the castle.
Une porte (?) sur le rempart septentrional du castrum de Tours. Prospection géophysique / A gate (?) on the northern city wall of the castrum at Tours. Geophysical survey
Authors: Seigne Jacques , Kermorvant Alain 
Published: July 2010

A soil conductivity survey, carried out on the northern side of the Late-Roman city wall of Tours,
on the East side of Rue des Maures, brought to light an important contrast of resistivity which may be the result of a large gap in the Late-Roman fortification wall. Placed on the main axis of the amphitheatre and on the line of the wooden structures discovered in the Loire riverbed, that contrast could confirm the reality of a Roman City Gate, sketches of which appeared on 12th and 18th century drawings.
Le dépôt de l'âge du Bronze final des Châtelliers à Amboise (Indre-et Loire) / The late Bronze Age deposit "Les Châtelliers" at Amboise (Indre-et-Loire)
Authors: Cordier Gérard 
Published: July 2010

Le dépôt d' Amboise fut découvert fortuitement en 1861 sur l'éperon dominant le confluent de
l'Amasse et de la Loire, site occupé du Néolithique au Gallo-Romain et fortifié à La Tène. Son étude publiée en 1960 demandait une refonte complète. Le matériel, conservé au musée de la Société Archéologique de Touraine, comprend près de 500 pièces. Les objets les plus remarquables sont : une hache à douille à constriction, des ciseaux à douille, un fragment de couteau de type helvétique, un fragment de faucille à bouton, des bracelets type Pourrières et réniformes, des agrafes, des appliques à griffes rectangulaires et circulaires, des appliques "en nœud de papillon", une chaînette et des pendeloques triangulaires et foliacées, une pendeloque en rouelle, une attache de ceinture à pendeloques, un fragment de Schnabelförmige Bronzetülle du type de ceux du char d'Ohnenheim, un fragment de moyeu, des bandes côtelées de destination inconnue. Ce dépôt est très comparable à celui de Larnaud; on peut également le rapprocher de ceux de Villar-d' Arène, de Saint-Pierre-de-Bœuf, de Pont-de-Roide, de l'Épine... Les influences alpines sont largement dominantes, les influences atlantiques à peine perceptibles. La datation s'établit à la transition Bronze final IIIa/IIIb (autour de 950 av. J.-C).
L'habitat de La Tène ancienne sur la Z.A.C. Centre-Ville de Bussy-Saint-Georges (Seine-et-Marne) 2e partie / Early La Tène occupation on the Z.A.C. centre-ville at Bussy-Saint Georges (Seine-et-Marne) - Part two
Authors: Buchez Nathalie , Gransar Frédéric , Matterne Véronique , Pernaud Jean Marie , Yvinec Jean-Hervé 
Published: July 2010

Le site du "Champ Fleuri nord" représente un point d'ancrage de l'occupation sur un siècle à
un siècle et demi durant La Tène ancienne. Les études ostéologiques, anthracologiques et paléocarpologiques conduisent à restituer l'image d'une unité de production exploitant au maximum, pour sa subsistance, les possibilités offertes par son milieu, mais dont l'économie permet néanmoins de dégager des surplus.
L'occupation gallo-romaine du site de Fontenay-en-Parisis "La Lampe" (Val-d'Oise) : établissement agricole spécialisé ou lieu de culte?/ Gallo-roman occupation of the site of Fontenay-in-Parisis "La Lampe" (Val-d'Oise) : specialized agricultural settlement or place of worship?
Authors: Daveau Isabelle , Yvinec Jean-Hervé 
Published: July 2010

Accolé à un enclos de La Tène moyenne dans lequel étaient pratiqués des banquets, l'établissement
gallo-romain de "La Lampe" se singularise également par un mode de consommation original. Moutons et coqs ont été sélectionnés tout au long de la période, et servis lors de repas collectifs, tandis que quelques structures témoignent d'actes rituels.
Un atelier de tuiliers d'époque romaine (IIIe s.) à Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine) / A tile-making workshop from the roman period (3rd century) at Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine)
Authors: Barat Yvan 
Published: July 2010

An integrated development zone project in the town centre of Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine) has led
to the unearthing of two tilemakers kilns datable to the 3rd century A. D. The operation, conducted under conditions of extreme urgence, is however the chance to ask questions about the supplying of Paris-Lutèce with building material, the metrology of the latter, but also the actual capacity and profitability of these workshops.
Les Ligneries à Charentilly (Indre-et-Loire) : du logis à salle basse au manoir du XVe s. / Les ligneries at Charentilly (Indre- et-Loire) : from the lowest dwelling to the manor of the 15th century
Authors: Carré Gaël , Litoux Emmanuel , Hunot Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2010

Le manoir des Ligneries a fait l'objet d'une analyse approfondie des maçonneries et des charpentes.
Il en résulte une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution architecturale de l'édifice, trop peu documentée par les sources écrites. Deux principaux états architecturaux ont pu être mis en évidence pour la période médiévale. L'existence d'une salle basse sous charpente du XIVe s., attenante au bloc résidentiel, signale un type d'habitat mal connu en Anjou-Touraine. Différents réaménagements successifs témoignent aussi de mutations survenues à la fin du Moyen-Âge et au début de l'époque moderne. S'agissant de périodes antérieures à la fin du XVe s., la charpente, datée par dendrochronologie, participe à la définition d'une typo-chronologie régionale. Enfin, les données architecturales, associées d'une part à l'étude des matériaux et d'autre part aux résultats de la dendrochronologie, apportent des éléments nouveaux dans la connaissance des résidences seigneuriales rurales, édifiées aux XIVe et XVe s. Elles mettent notamment l'accent sur l'évolution des techniques de construction avec des différences notables dans la mise en œuvre de la pierre et du bois.
Les différences de salaires entre entreprises. Etude micro-économique
Authors: Silvestre J.-J. , Daubigney J.-P. , Fizaine F. 
Published: July 2010

Cet article étudie la formation de la structure des salaires individuels pour des emplois précis et dans des ensembles d'entreprises appartenant à un même secteur ou à un même marché du travail.
Une décomposition de la variance des salaires individuels pour chaque métier, entre variance des salaires interne aux entreprises et variance des salaires entre entreprises, montre que les différences de salaires moyens entre entreprises jouent un rôle essentiel dans la formation de la structure des salaires. Ce résultat conduit à approfondir l'étude , de l'effet de l'entreprise sur le niveau des salaires. Cet approfondissement est mené dans deux directions :
1 ° par une étude de la cohérence de « l'effet entreprise » selon les métiers et par l'examen d'éventuelles pratiques de sélection systématique de main-d'œuvre ;
2° par une étude des lois de l'effet de l'entreprise sur le niveau du prix du travail : étude des relations entre prix du travail et surplus de productivité globale par unité de facteur ; étude des relations entre effet de marché du travail et autonomie des entreprises par rapport au marché.
La France des années trente allergique au fascisme
Authors: Berstein Serge 
Published: July 2010

The France of the 1930s was allergie to fascism, Serge Berstein
The author confutes the theses developed by Z. Sternhell in his recent book Ni droite, ni gauche (Neither right, nor left). He criticizes Sternhell for his lack of a precise definition of fascism, methodological faults, wrong analogies and approximations, all of which could lead one to think that the France of the 1930s was the chosen ground of fascist ideology. The intellectuals lured by fascism were actually marginal individuals, powerless to obliterate durably the depth of democratic culture. The middle classes at crisis could be organized within the framework of liberal democracy (the traditional right, the Radical party, the veterans movement), and in France the prospects for social fascism were as dim as those for intellectual fascism.
Le passé insupportable
Authors: Vaïsse Maurice 
Published: July 2010

The unbearable past: pacifisms, 1984, 1938, 1914.
Maurice Waïsse
An analysis of the pacifist movements in the 1980s, between the two world wars and before 1914, shows their heterogeneity, their many causes and their twin faces : Judaeo-Christian and socialist. There has not been one pacifism per war : each movement is unable to avert the storm ; the success or the failure of the causes of peace or war owe nothing to pacifism. In fact, in the twentieth century, we may have had only the pacifism of past wars and of related fears.
Sur le front des sexes : un combat douteux
Authors: Perrot Michelle 
Published: July 2010

On the sex front, Michelle Perrot
The conclusions of a recent colloquium on « Women and War » organized by the Center for European Studies at Harvard University shake up the conventional wisdom that the 20th century wars helped in the emancipation of women. Two world conflicts certainly gave them « man's » work and greater individual freedom. But such changes hardly altered the inherited sexual roles : as nurses or Resistance flghters, factory workers or union activists, women are subjected to the power of man in war as in peace time. Wars accelerated some changes and retarded others. Contradictory in their impact, they helped the victory of feminist ideas, but announced the men's revenge.
Imaginer l'inimaginable. Guerre nucléaire et stratégie américaine depuis 1945
Authors: Mélandri Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Imagining the unimaginable. Nuclear war and American strategy since 1945,
Pierre Mélandri
Since 1945, the American strategy has had to " imagine the unimaginable " : total nuclear war. But not without hesitations and variations when the President, his advisors, Congress and the army confronted each other. Truman envisaged recourse to nuclear arms only as the " last extremity ". In 1954, Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles accepted the idea of " massive retaliation " in order to make deterrence credible. Kennedy and McNamara, on the other hand, as early as 1960, wanted a pure " anti-force " strike, sparing the cities. In 1968, the inevitable " assured destruction " strategy was deemed necessary, but in 1974, its suicidal aspect was already an object of worry. Today, Reagan seems no longer to believe that such a war could be limited. Is the USA really capable to " cope whith history before it happens ", to use H. Kahn's words ?
La révolution française au banc des accusés
Authors: Agulhon Maurice 
Published: July 2010

The French Revolution under accusation,
Maurice Agulhon.
The French Presidency's plans for great celebrations of the bicentennial of the French revolution in 1989 have brought to the fore the fashion of denigration, held up by the right opposition against a left supposedly ready to deliver the country to a « totalitarianism » directly derived from Jacobinism. The archives of the Terror and the Vendee uprising make it possible clarify the link between the contemporary verbal exaggeration and the history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Using the term « genocide » for the massacre of the Vendeens by the « Blues » is irrational and anachronistic as well as highly insulting. In a France where a basic republican consensus has definitively been achieved, it is paradoxical that the spirit of 1789 in which definitively been achieved, it is paradoxical that the spirit of 1789 in which this consensus is rooted, remains subject to contradictory passions. Liberty stands to gain more in respecting the spirit of 1789 than in denigrating it.
Les affaires Dreyfus
Authors: Winock Michel 
Published: July 2010

The Dreyfus affairs, Michel Winock
Two types of conflict divided the French throughout the 19th century : the class struggle inherited from the industrial revolution and the opposition between right and left, stemming from the debate around the Old Regime and the Revolution. The Dreyfus affair, at the dawn of our own century, did not fit into either of these two readings of history. It seemed to introduce a new kind of conflict pitting against each other two of antagonistic value systems. The first feeds a nationalism attached above all to social preservation and to authority, and the second is served by a new clergy, the universalist intellectuels, devoted to justice and truth. Although the Affair was clearly unique, could not be used as a historical paradigm, and provide a different reading of the jolts of 20th century France ? There is a homology between it and the French crisis of the 1930s, during which left wing intellectuals and « nationalists » fought each other, as well as the Vichy regime, which in a way gave power to the « anti-Dreyfusards » and finally the Algerian conflict, which once more opposed the clerics and the army.
L'affrontement simulé des années 1930
Authors: Berstein Serge 
Published: July 2010

The feigned confrontation of the 1930s,
Serge Berstein.
The crisis of the 1930s called for new solutions. No French political force was able to propose any. As the conflicts between haves and have-nots became acute, they also took on unusual shapes. A religious war which never got farther than the realm of discourse was a substitute for a debate on management. The thinking on adaptation to new economic forms was buried in an ideological combat whose catch words were « democracy », « fascism » and « communism ». The Popular Front, a conflict about political models, was perhaps only a feigned confrontation with the real questions put aside, a war of words which would soon lead to action. The sorcerers' apprentices of the sham-word would then wage genuine civil war.
Un siècle d'immigration étrangère en France
Authors: Milza Pierre 
Published: July 2010

A century of foreign immigration in France, Pierre Milza.
The French melting pot is apparently no longer functioning, after performing its role quite well for more than a century. The author describes the recurrent xenophobia, the comparative capacity of the various immigrant groups to become assimilated and the agents of such assimilation : school, religion, political solidarity, industrial work. He concludes not by singling out the religious element, which would make Islam unassimilable, but by emphasizing the increasing decline of industrial employment : that is perhaps what broke the French crucible.
Du bon usage des immigrés en temps de crise et de guerre, 1932-1940
Authors: Guillaume Pierre 
Published: July 2010

On the right use of immigrants in times of crisis and war, 1932-1940, Pierre Guillaume.
The first important French law on immigration goes back to 1893, but it is above ail the law of 10 August 1932 which set down the bases of a policy of restriction and quotas in the use of foreign labor. Applied especially in Southern France and in the less industrialized areas, it gave a measure of the French xenophobia in the 1930s, which was preparing for the racist measures of the Vichy government.
La gauche, la crise et l'immigration
Authors: Milza Olivier 
Published: July 2010

The Left, the crisis and immigration (1930s, 1980s), Olivier Milza.
Twice, in 1936 and 1981, the French Left in power was faced with the problem of immigration amplified by the period of crisis. The Left was obliged to make deep changes in its previous convictions, analyses and statements. This process was all the more painful as it hit the central core of its political culture and sensitivity.
Immigration : le fin mot de l'histoire
Authors: Noiriel Gérard 
Published: July 2010

Immigration : the final say of history, Gérard Noiriel.
In statements, articles or books devoted to the issue of immigration, " lessons of history " are easily put forward. Often lightly and at random. Our problems today are not so new, and preconceived ideas on the " assimilation " of foreigners do not stand up to the hard test of historic facts. We must fill the gaps in historical research in this area and make sure that the voices of historians are heard more clearly.
Les révolutions vertes de la campagne française (1955-1985)
Authors: Fel André 
Published: July 2010

Green revolutions in the French coun-tryside (1955-1985), André Fel.
Since 1955, the French countryside has undergone great changes. Despite peasant persistence, there has been a real agricultural revolution : mechanization, growth of productiviy, innovations brought by the food industries. The spread of technical progress, stimulated by innovative farmers has been organized by the administration and reinforced by industry. But the modernization movement is divided. Some criticize productivism and its consequences, overproduction. These differences have accompanied the fashion which brought urbanites to the country, developing rural tourism and « rurbanization ». All these upheavals, however, have not changed fundamentally a century-old trend in the French countryside the end resuit is still depopulation.
Sternhell lu d'Italie
Authors: Romano Sergio 
Published: July 2010

Zeev Sternhell : an Italian reading, Sergio Romano.
Returning to Z. Sternhell's book, Ni droite ni gauche (Paris, Le Seuil, 1983), Sergio Romano explains why it could appear controversial to an Italian reader. While it is true that Mussolini himself acknowledged his debt to Sorel and to the Italian syndicalist revolutionaries, the cultural sources of fascism were diverse. The roots of its ideology, which Sternhell sees mostly in France, must not be separated from their peninsular attachments and from the context of moral crisis following the First World War. What is lacking in this otherwise valuable book is a more rigorous intellectual definition and a more concrete historical one.
La représentation proportionnelle : cent ans de controverses
Authors: Le Béguec Gilles 
Published: July 2010

Proportional representation : a century of controversy, Gilles Le Béguec.
The controversy about the proportional System of voting has been agitating France for the past century, from 1888 to 1985. PR, to be used for the 1986 elections, triggered off a tough fight between 1906 and 1913 during the glorious hours of the radical Republic. It has never since then disappeared from the political horizon, and still alters the traditional cleavages. But this debate between followers of RP and those of the majority electoral System is a mere convenience. The unfaithful children of the majority System of 1914, 1936 or 1981 imposed it in 1919, 1945 and 1985. There is a great temptation to struggle over the electoral System rather than the extension of voting rights or the Constitution. The debate is a useful substitute, a kind of regulation of the French political System.
À la recherche du centre (1962-1986)
Authors: Zéraffa Danièle 
Published: July 2010

Looking for the center in French politics (1962-1986), Danièle Zéraffa.
The center under the Fifth Republic ? The topic is a difficult one. From pessimistic health bulletins to hasty death notices, the centrist movement seemed to be crushed by the increasing bipolarization of the political game. Nevertheless some parties and people continued to believe in it and proportional representation may bring it back to life. But did it really experience a long illness or even death ?
Le hasard ou la nécessité ? une histoire en chantier : l'histoire des intellectuels
Authors: Sirinelli Jean-François 
Published: July 2010

Chance or necessity ? History in the making : the history of intellectuals, Jean-François Sirinelli.
This is a historiographic record of the study of intellectuals and their role in French society since the Dreyfus affair, through the « Copernican revolution » of the antifascist and anticommunist struggle of 1919-1939. In order to deal with the real question - how does knowledge corne to the scholar ? — it is necessary to go beyond the history of ideas and even the genealogical history of the life of the mind. One needs to undertake a « geodesy » which would mix the study of individual paths, informai sociabilities, and faithfulness between successive generations. Thus, in the long run, a second, more political question could be ans-wered : what is the intellectuals' « power » in France ?
Poings levés et bras tendus. la contagion des symboles au temps du front populaire
Authors: Burrin Philippe 
Published: July 2010

Clenched fists and outstretched arms. The contagion of symbols at the time of the Popular Front, Philippe Burrin.
The spectacular success of a gesture such as the raised fist, the staging of demonstrations and grandiose celebrations, the massive reappropriation of the national revolutionary tradition : this symbolic and ritual effervescence gives a distinct and virtually unanalyzed flavor to the period 1934-1936. Such an analysis, which enriches our knowledge of the history of the Popular Front and French anti-fascism, requires a preliminary study of the Marxist attitude toward political symbolism to which the two French working-class parties adhered. It is also necessary to take a look at Germany, in a way the experimental laboratory for the phenomenon. Thus in perspective, the symbolic tide which carried away the French left becomes intelligible and meaningful.
L'histoire de la résistance. Lectures d'hier, chantiers de demain
Authors: Bédarida François 
Published: July 2010

The history of the Resistance, François Bédarida.
In spite of ample historiography, the history of European resistance to fascism remains an open field. Historians are still discussing the definition of the phenomenon. Neither the question of the unity or the diversity of the movement throughout Europe, nor the problem of the extent of the population's participation, nor the reality of the link between the clandestine oppositions and the political-strategic context of the global conduct of the war are settled. The study of the various ways of resisting, of the shared characteristics and the national specificities should make it possible to correct many preconceptions.