bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Isoxazolines: Enantioselective and Racemic Methods Based on Conjugate Additions of Oximes.
Authors: Pohjakallio Antti , Pihko Petri M. , Laitinen Ulla M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAcidic anilinium salts catalyze the direct formation of racemic 2‐isoxazolines from enals and oximes by means of consecutive oxime conjugate‐addition and intramolecular oxime‐transfer reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of Silyl‐Transfer Photochemical Reactions of N‐[(Trimethylsilyl)alkyl]saccharins.
Authors: Cho Dae Won , Oh Sun Wha , Kim Dong Uk , Park Hea Jung , Xue Jin Ying , Yoon Ung Chan , Mariano Patrick S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe photochemical behavior of silyl terminated alkyl‐chain linked saccharin systems is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors of the Tyrosine Kinase EphB4. Part 3. Identification of Non‐benzodioxole‐Based Kinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Bardelle Catherine , Barlaam Bernard , Brooks Nigel , Coleman Tanya , Cross Darren , Ducray Richard , Green Isabelle , Lambert‐van der Brempt Christine , Olivier Annie , Read Jon 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStarting from a bis‐anilinopyrimidine core, compound (I) is identified as a potent inhibitor of the EphB4 and Src kinases.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Alkynylation of Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Sawano Takahiro , Tokuji Sumito , Hayashi Tamio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAsymmetric addition of acetylene (II) to nitroalkenes (I) takes place in the presence of a Rh/DTBM‐SEGPHOS complex to give β‐alkynylated nitroalkanes (III) in high yields and with high enantioselectivity.
Effect of anesthesia carrier gas on in vivo circulation times of ultrasound microbubble contrast agents in rats
Authors: Mullin Lee , Gessner Ryan , Kwan James , Kaya Mehmet , Borden Mark A. , Dayton Paul A. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose:Microbubble contrast agents are currently implemented in a variety of both clinical and preclinical ultrasound imaging studies. The therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities of these contrast agents are limited by their short in‐vivo lifetimes, and research to lengthen their circulation times is on going. In this manuscript, observations are presented from a controlled experiment performed to evaluate differences in circulation times for lipid shelled perfluorocarbon‐filled contrast agents circulating within rodents as a function of inhaled anesthesia carrier gas.Methods:The effects of two common anesthesia carrier gas selections ‐ pure oxygen and medical air were observed within five rats. Contrast agent persistence within the kidney was measured and compared for oxygen and air anesthesia carrier gas for six bolus contrast injections in each animal. Simulations were performed to examine microbubble behavior with changes in external environment gases.Results:A statistically significant extension of contrast circulation time was observed for animals breathing medical air compared to breathing pure oxygen. Simulations support experimental observations and indicate that enhanced contrast persistence may be explained by reduced ventilation/perfusion mismatch and classical diffusion, in which nitrogen plays a key role by contributing to the volume and diluting other gas species in the microbubble gas core.Conclusion:Using medical air in place of oxygen as the carrier gas for isoflurane anesthesia can increase the circulation lifetime of ultrasound microbubble contrast agents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of two modified mouse alleles of the Hic1 tumor suppressor gene
Authors: Pospichalova Vendula , Tureckova Jolana , Fafilek Bohumil , Vojtechova Martina , Krausova Michaela , Lukas Jan , Sloncova Eva , Takacova Sylvia , Divoky Vladimir , Leprince Dominique , Plachy Jiri , Korinek Vladimir 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17p13.3, a region frequently hypermethylated or deleted in human neoplasias. In mouse, Hic1 is essential for embryonic development and exerts an antitumor role in adult animals. Since Hic1‐deficient mice die perinatally, we generated a conditional Hic1 null allele by flanking the Hic1‐coding region by loxP sites. When crossed to animals expressing Cre recombinase in a cell‐specific manner, the Hic1 conditional mice will provide new insights into the function of Hic1 in developing and mature tissues. Additionally, we used gene targeting to replace sequence‐encoding amino acids 186–893 of Hic1 by citrine fluorescent protein cDNA. We demonstrate that the distribution of Hic1‐citrine fusion polypeptide corresponds to the expression pattern of wild‐type Hic1. Consequently, Hic1‐citrine “reporter” mice can be used to monitor the activity of the Hic1 locus using citrine fluorescence. genesis 49:142‐151, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calixthioamides as Ionophores for Transition‐ and Heavy‐Metal Cations
Authors: Kulesza Joanna , Bocheńska Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in applying p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arenes as sensing materials in ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs). Considerable efforts were made to design calixarenes that are selective for some heavy‐ or transition‐metal ions to be used in ISEs for controlling and monitoring the level of such pollutants in the environment. It has been reported that introduction of softer sulfur atoms instead of oxygen atoms in calix[4]arene substituents promotes their complexing ability towards transition‐ and heavy‐metal ions, which are toxic for human beings and pollute the environment. In this microreview, we present sulfur‐containing calix[4]arenes acting as sensing materials for metal cations such as Ag+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ but also as efficient extractants for Pd2+, Au3+ and Hg2+.
Favorable Protonation of the (μ‐edt)[Fe2(PMe3)4(CO)2(H‐terminal)]+ Hydrogenase Model Complex Over Its Bridging μ‐H Counterpart: A Spectroscopic and DFT Study
Authors: Galinato Mary Grace I. , Whaley C. Matthew , Roberts Dean , Wang Peng , Lehnert Nicolai 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of hydrogen production in [FeFe] hydrogenase remains elusive. However, a species featuring a terminal hydride bound to the distal Fe is thought to be the key intermediate leading to hydrogen production. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the terminal (H‐term) and bridging (μ‐H) hydride isomers of (μ‐edt)[Fe2(PMe3)4(CO)2H]+ are presented in order to understand the factors affecting their propensity for protonation. Relative to H‐term, μ‐H is 12.7 kcal/mol more stable, which contributes to its decreased reactivity towards an acid. Potential energy surface (PES) calculations for the reaction of the H‐term isomer with 4‐nitropyridinium, a proton source, further reveal a lower activation energy barrier (14.5 kcal/mol) for H‐term than for μ‐H (29 kcal/mol). Besides these energetic considerations, the H‐term isomer displays a key molecular orbital (MO <139>) that has a relatively strong hydride (1s) contribution (23 %), which is not present in the μ‐H isomer. This indicates a potential orbital control of the reaction of the hydride complexes with acid. The lower activation energy barrier and this key MO together control the overall catalytic activity of (μ‐edt)[Fe2(PMe3)4(CO)2(H‐term)]+. Lastly, Raman and IR spectroscopy were performed in order to probe the ν(Fe‐H) stretching mode of the two isomers and their deuterated counterparts. A ν(Fe‐H) stretching mode was observed for the μ‐H complex at 1220 cm–1. However, the corresponding mode is not observed for the less stable H‐term isomer.
Formation and occurrence of esters of 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐CPD) in foods: What we know and what we assume
Authors: Hamlet Colin G. , Asuncion Lisa , Velíšek Jan , Doležal Marek , Zelinková Zuzana , Crews Colin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough chloropropanols have historically been associated with the savoury food ingredient hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP), prepared by acid hydrolysis, the discovery of significant amounts of 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐CPD) ‘bound’ as fatty acid esters in foodstuffs (3‐CPD esters), especially in refined edible oils, is still a relatively recent discovery. The toxicological significance of these 3‐CPD esters and their potential contribution to the dietary intake of non‐esterified 3‐CPD is not yet known and this review considers their likely metabolic fate in vivo. The latest developments in methods of analysis are presented while the occurrence of CPD esters and their potential formation mechanisms are discussed in detail. The generation of related compounds, possible measures of control and the future outlook are also considered.Practical application: Comprehensive and up to date information concerning the state of the art with respect to the occurrence of esters of chloropropanediols in foods presented all in one place. This concise review of toxicological aspects, methods of analysis, occurrence, formation routes and potential measures of control provides data for practical use by professionals engaged in research, surveillance, risk management and regulation of these contaminants in foods.
Construction and Properties of a Phototriggered Cd2+ Release System
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Yi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA phototriggered Cd2+ release complex has been prepared by using benzothiazoline as a ligand. With visible‐light (λ ≥ 400 nm) irradiation, bound Cd2+ can be released from the complex, and the ligand is converted into a benzothiazole derivative. Accompanying the process of photoconversion, turn‐on fluorescence is observed. The fluorescence intensity increases with photoconversion until Cd2+ is completely released, which provides a convenient method to monitor the phototriggered Cd2+ release process.
A new CZE method for profiling human serum albumin and its related forms to assess the quality of biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Alahmad Youssef , Tran Nguyet Thuy , Le Potier Isabelle , Forest Eric , Jorieux Sylvie , Taverna Myriam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a new CZE method, which uses a polyethylene oxide‐coated capillary to separate native HSA from more than five of its structural variants. These variants include oxidized, truncated, and cysteinylated forms of HSA which can all be found in biopharmaceutical products. Both CE and MS confirmed the high degree of heterogeneity of HSA preparations. Recovery studies demonstrated that adsorption of HSA on the capillary was significantly reduced under the conditions we developed, which led to a satisfactory repeatability (RSD for migration times and relative peak areas were less than 0.2 and 7.0%, respectively). Assignment of the main peaks was attempted using in vitro degraded/stressed HSA. We used our method to test batch‐to‐batch comparability and detected slight quantitative differences in the proportion of native HSA in batches produced from different fractionation methods.
Proteomic approaches in myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kanaujiya Jitendra Kumar , Lochab Savita , Pal Pooja , Christopeit Maximilian , Singh Sheo Mohan , Sanyal Sabyasachi , Behre Gerhard , Trivedi Arun Kumar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAfter human genome is decoded, the characterization of the proteins is the next challenging task. The study of the complete protein complement of the genome, the ‘proteome’ referred to as proteomics, is an important tool for the identification of new therapeutic targets. Research efforts are underway to develop the technology necessary to compare the specific protein profiles of diseased versus healthy states. These technologies provide a wealth of information by rapidly generating large quantities of data. These data can be useful for predictive mathematical descriptions of biological systems for rapid identification of novel therapeutic targets and identification of biomarkers in metabolic disorders. In recent years, using proteomics, we and others have identified various interacting as well as target proteins, PTMs and protein markers in myeloid leukemia. This review summarizes the usage of proteomics in recent years as an important technique in defining the proteome of myeloid leukemia, which has helped in elaborate understanding of the disease and has provided new avenues for developing better therapeutics.
Specific in vitro toxicity of crude and refined petroleum products: 3. Estrogenic responses in mammalian assays
Authors: Vrabie Cozmina M , Candido Angelica , van den Berg Hans , Murk Albertinka J , van Duursen Majorie B.M , Jonker Michiel T.O 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Current petroleum risk assessment considers only narcosis as the mode of action, but several studies have demonstrated that oils contain compounds with dioxin-like, estrogenic or antiestrogenic, and androgenic or antiandrogenic activities. The present study is the third in a series investigating the specific toxic effects of 11 crude oils and refined products. By employing recombinant mammalian cells stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or beta (ERβ), and expressing the luciferase protein (ERα-U2OS-Luc and ERβ-U2OS-Luc assay), the estrogenicity or antiestrogenicity of oils was studied. All oils, except for two refined oils and one crude oil, induced estrogenic responses. The calculated estrogenic potencies of the oils were six to nine orders of magnitude lower than the potency of 17β-estradiol (E2). Upon coexposure to a fixed concentration of E2 and increasing concentrations of oils, additive, antagonistic, and synergistic effects were revealed. One nautical fuel oil was tested in the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, in which it induced cell proliferation up to 70% relative to the maximal induction by E2. At its minimum effect concentration of 25 mg/L, the oil was also capable of inducing mRNA expression of the estrogen-dependent protein pS2 by a factor of two. The present results indicate that oils naturally contain potentially endocrine-disrupting compounds that are able to influence the estrogenicity of other compounds and may cause biological responses beyond receptor binding. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:973–980. © 2010 SETAC
Influence of historical industrial epochs on pore water and partitioning profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in Oslo Harbor, Norway, sediment cores
Authors: Arp Hans Peter H , Villers Frederic , Lepland Aivo , Kalaitzidis Stavros , Christanis Kimon , Oen Amy M.P , Breedveld Gijs D , Cornelissen Gerard 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Contaminant levels in urban harbor sediments vary with contaminant emission levels, sedimentation rates, and sediment resuspension processes such as propeller wash. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are decreasing in many urban harbors, as heavily contaminated sediments that accumulated during past decades are being buried by less-contaminated sediments. However, PAHs and PCBs remain a concern in areas where burial is slow or resuspension processes re-expose heavily contaminated older layers. Chronostratigraphic sediment core studies typically characterize contaminant level histories by using total sediment concentrations, Csed, and do not determine the freely dissolved porewater concentrations, Cpw, which provide a better measure of bioavailability. Here both Csed and Cpw profiles were established for PAHs and PCBs in dated sediment cores from diverse areas of Oslo Harbor, Norway. Sediment–porewater partitioning profiles were established alongside profiles of various sorbing carbonaceous phases, including total organic carbon (TOC), black carbon, and diverse carbonaceous geosorbents identified by petrographic analysis. Stratigraphic trends in carbonaceous phases and Csed could be associated with different industrial epochs: hydropower (post-1960, approximately), manufactured gas (∼1925–1960), coal (∼1910–1925), and early industry (∼1860–1910). Partitioning was highly variable and correlated best with the TOC. Hydropower-epoch sediments exhibit decreasing Csed with time and a relatively strong sorption capacity compared with the manufactured-gas epoch. Sediments from the manufactured-gas epoch exhibit substantial PAH and metal contamination, large amounts of coke and char, and a low sorption capacity. Reexposure of sediments of this epoch increases risks to local benthic species. Implications on natural recovery as a sediment management strategy are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:843–851. © 2010 SETAC
Seedling morphology of some mangroves of sundarbans, India: A taxonomic approach: With 4 figures and one table
Authors: Das S. , Ghose M. , Paria N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGermination type and seedling morphology of 16 true mangrove species under ten families were studied. Seedlings were either raised in vitro or collected from natural habitat. True viviparous type of germination occurs in the members of Rhizophoraceae, cryptocotylar hypogeal in Excoecaria, Heritiera, Phoenix and Xylocarpus, phanerocotylar geal type in Aegiceras and Aegialitis, and phanerocotylar epigeal type in the rest of the taxa. Viviparous germination is considered to be the most complex phenomenon in evolutionary line. An intermediate incipient vivipary is prominent in Aegiceras, Aegialitis and Avicennia, which may be, included in a separate group namely cryptoviviparous type. The germination types have been discussed in the light of their habitat. An identification key to the genera has been provided on the basis of germination type and seedling morphology.
The grammitidaceae, pteridophyta, of macaronesia
Authors: Schäfer H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGrammitis marginella (Sw.) Sw. is reported from the Azores, Portugal, and thus for the first time from Europe. The Azorean plants are described as subsp. azorica subsp. nova. A key for the three Macaronesian species of the family Grammitidaceae (C.PRESL) CHING is presented. Studies on the ecology of G. marginella and the related Ceradenia junger‐mannioides (KLOTZSCH) L.E.BISHOP on Ilha das Flores, Azores are reported.
Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Vorpommern (II), Deutschland
Authors: Kreisel H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractContributions to the Fungus Flora of Vorpommern (II), DeutschlandFrom the region Vorpommern and adjacent parts of Mecklenburg (north eastern Germany) records of 82 species of macromycetes are communicated. The distribution of six of the mentioned species in north eastern Germany is shown on grid maps.
Propensity score‐based nonparametric test revealing genetic variants underlying bipolar disorder
Authors: Jiang Yuan , Zhang Heping 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAssociation analysis has led to the identification of many genetic variants for complex diseases. While assessing the association between genes and a disease, other factors can play an important role. The consequence of not considering covariates (such as population stratification and environmental factors) is well‐documented in genetic studies. We introduce a nonparametric test of association that adjusts for covariate effects. Specifically, the adjustment is realized through weights that are constructed from genomic propensity scores that summarize the contribution of all covariates. The benefit of our test is demonstrated through an important data set on bipolar disorder (BD) collected by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. When compared to other tests, our test identified an unreported region with three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 16 that show strong evidence of association (P‐value <5 × 10−7). This region is near the RPGRIP1L gene known to be associated with BD. A haplotype block including these three SNPs was further discovered to be strongly associated with BD. It is also interesting to note that our nonparametric test did not reveal strong signals at two SNPs that were detected by a covariate‐adjusted parametric test. This suggests that different methods of covariate adjustment can complement each other. Thus, we recommend using both parametric and nonparametric testing. Additionally, we performed simulation studies to compare our proposed test with the unadjusted test and an adjusted parametric test. Our finding underscores the importance of accommodating and controlling for covariate effects in discovering genetic variants associated with complex disorders. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:125–132, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of self‐identified race on epidemiologic studies of gene expression
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Murphy Amy , Howrylak Judie , Himes Blanca , Cho Michael H. , Chu Jen‐Hwa , Hunninghake Gary M. , Fuhlbrigge Anne , Klanderman Barbara , Ziniti John , Senter‐Sylvia Jody , Liu Andy , Szefler Stanley J. , Strunk Robert , Castro Mario , Hansel Nadia N. , Diette Gregory B. , Vonakis Becky M. , Adkinson N. Franklin , Carey Vincent J. , Raby Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough population differences in gene expression have been established, the impact on differential gene expression studies in large populations is not well understood. We describe the effect of self‐reported race on a gene expression study of lung function in asthma. We generated gene expression profiles for 254 young adults (205 non‐Hispanic whites and 49 African Americans) with asthma on whom concurrent total RNA derived from peripheral blood CD4+lymphocytes and lung function measurements were obtained. We identified four principal components that explained 62% of the variance in gene expression. The dominant principal component, which explained 29% of the total variance in gene expression, was strongly associated with self‐identified race (P<10−16). The impact of these racial differences was observed when we performed differential gene expression analysis of lung function. Using multivariate linear models, we tested whether gene expression was associated with a quantitative measure of lung function: pre‐bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Though unadjusted linear models of FEV1identified several genes strongly correlated with lung function, these correlations were due to racial differences in the distribution of both FEV1and gene expression, and were no longer statistically significant following adjustment for self‐identified race. These results suggest that self‐identified race is a critical confounding covariate in epidemiologic studies of gene expression and that, similar to genetic studies, careful consideration of self‐identified race in gene expression profiling studies is needed to avoid spurious association.Genet. Epidemiol. 32:93–101, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.