bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribing antibiotics for children with dengue infection in Taiwan: who are at risk and who are high prescribers?
Authors: Shen Yi-Jung , Lien Chia-En , Chou Yiing-Jenq , Tsai Theodore , Huang Nicole 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to antimicrobial resistance, a global public health threat. The non-specific manifestations of dengue, itself a growing public health threat, lead to avoidable empiric antibiotic prescription, particularly in children. In this national pooled population-based cross-sectional study, we evaluated child and physician characteristics associated with antibiotics prescription in confirmed dengue cases in Taiwan. Linking national health care insurance claims and reports of confirmed dengue cases from 2008 to 2015, there were 7086 children with confirmed dengue with 21 744 outpatient visits and 2520 inpatient admissions. We assessed the presence of antibiotic prescription in outpatient and inpatient settings separately a week before or after the confirmation date. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were applied to identify patient, practitioner, and other factors associated with antibiotic prescription. A total of 29.4% of children &lt;18 years old with dengue who did not have a concomitant bacterial infection were prescribed antibiotics during the 14-day assessment period. Antibiotics prescription was reduced from 13.5% to 6.3% and from 43.2% to 19.3% in outpatient and inpatient settings, respectively, after dengue was confirmed. Young children were more likely to receive antibiotics. Significant variations in antibiotic prescribing across physicians were observed only in outpatient settings: physicians ≥60 years old and physicians practicing at clinics and in non-urban facilities were more likely to prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics were less likely to be prescribed during an exceptional 2-year epidemic than in other years. Antibiotic prescribing for dengue, an arboviral infection affecting half of the global population, was shown to occur in 29% of paediatric cases in Taiwan. That potentially avoidable antibiotic consumption could be reduced by improving antibiotic stewardship, informed by understanding the conditions under which antibiotics are prescribed and the availability of prevention strategies for viral diseases, including dengue. We identified a number of such factors in this national population-based study.
Frost fighters: unveiling the potential of microbial antifreeze proteins in biotech innovation
Authors: Lopes Joana Camila , Kinasz Camila Tomazini , Luiz Alanna Maylle Cararo , Kreusch Marianne Gabi , Duarte Rubens Tadeu Delgado 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Polar environments pose extreme challenges for life due to low temperatures, limited water, high radiation, and frozen landscapes. Despite these harsh conditions, numerous macro and microorganisms have developed adaptive strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of extreme cold. A primary survival tactic involves avoiding or tolerating intra and extracellular freezing. Many organisms achieve this by maintaining a supercooled state by producing small organic compounds like sugars, glycerol, and amino acids, or through increasing solute concentration. Another approach is the synthesis of ice-binding proteins, specifically antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which hinder ice crystal growth below the melting point. This adaptation is crucial for preventing intracellular ice formation, which could be lethal, and ensuring the presence of liquid water around cells. AFPs have independently evolved in different species, exhibiting distinct thermal hysteresis and ice structuring properties. Beyond their ecological role, AFPs have garnered significant attention in biotechnology for potential applications in the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. This review aims to offer a thorough insight into the activity and impacts of AFPs on water, examining their significance in cold-adapted organisms, and exploring the diversity of microbial AFPs. Using a meta-analysis from cultivation-based and cultivation-independent data, we evaluate the correlation between AFP-producing microorganisms and cold environments. We also explore small and large-scale biotechnological applications of AFPs, providing a perspective for future research.
Genomic insight of phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion of two taxonomically distinct winter crops by Enterobacter sp. DRP3
Authors: Saha Kunal Kumar , Mandal Subhrangshu , Barman Anik , Mondal Sangita , Chatterjee Sumit , Mandal Narayan Chandra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Study of rhizospheric microbiome-mediated plant growth promotional attributes currently highlighted as a key tool for the development of suitable bio-inoculants for sustainable agriculture purposes. In this context, we have conducted a detailed study regarding the characterization of phosphate solubilizing potential by plant growth-promoting bacteria that have been isolated from the rhizosphere of a pteridophyte Dicranopteris sp., growing on the lateritic belt of West Bengal.

Methods and Results
We have isolated three potent bacterial strains, namely DRP1, DRP2, and DRP3 from the rhizoids-region of Dicranopteris sp. Among the isolated strains, DRP3 is found to have the highest phosphate solubilizing potentiality and is able to produce 655.89 and 627.58 µg ml−1 soluble phosphate by solubilizing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and Jordan rock phosphate, respectively. This strain is also able to solubilize Purulia rock phosphate moderately (133.51 µg ml−1). Whole-genome sequencing and further analysis of the studied strain revealed the presence of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase gdh gene along with several others that were well known for their role in phosphate solubilization. Further downstream, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR-based expression study revealed 1.59-fold upregulation of PQQ-dependent gdh gene during the solubilization of TCP. Root colonization potential of the studied strain on two taxonomically distinct winter crops viz. Cicer arietinum and Triticum aestivum has been checked by using scanning electron microscopy. Other biochemical analyses for plant growth promotion traits including indole acetic acid production (132.02 µg ml−1), potassium solubilization (3 mg l−1), biofilm formation, and exopolymeric substances productions (1.88–2.03 µg ml−1) also has been performed.

Conclusion
This study highlighted the active involvement of PQQ-dependent gdh gene during phosphate solubilization from any Enterobacter group. Moreover, our study explored different roadmaps for sustainable farming methods and the preservation of food security without endangering soil health in the future.
Riding Toward Danger: A Scoping Review of Burns Associated With Personal Mobility Devices, Including Electric Bikes (E-Bikes) and Electric Scooters (E-Scooters)
Authors: Warner-Levy John , Herieka Mohammed , Sheikh, Zeeshan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Burn injuries related to lithium-ion batteries from personal mobility devices, such as electric bikes and electric scooters, have emerged as a global concern. By examining the literature, this study aims to provide an overview of the demographics, patterns, and outcomes of personal mobility device-associated burns. A Singaporean cohort revealed burns resulting predominantly from fires occurring due to the combustion of unattended personal mobility device batteries during charging. In contrast, an Israeli cohort showed a higher total body surface area and highlighted the vulnerability of limbs to burn injuries in such incidents. A Beijing cohort, consisting of pediatric patients indicated potential child safety concerns regarding personal mobility device usage. Finally, a Shanghai cohort demonstrated the potential dangers of personal mobility device battery chargers. The observed differences between those experiencing burn injuries and the broader population of personal mobility device riders in terms of age and gender suggest that younger males may be at higher risk, perhaps due to risky practices such as leaving personal mobility devices unattended while charging. This review emphasizes the need for safety education, adherence to regulations, and responsible consumer choices to mitigate burn injuries. Recommendations include promoting child safety measures, using certified personal mobility devices, and cautious handling of DIY conversion kits. Further large-scale studies are essential to gain comprehensive insights and develop effective safety strategies to protect personal mobility device riders from burn injuries.
Neighbour effects on plant biomass and its allocation for forbs growing in heterogeneous soils
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Ma Chunyan , Liu Shiting , Liu Mingrui , Li Hui , Wang Mingxia , Li Guoe , De Boeck Hans J , Hou Fujiang , Tang Zhanhui , Li Zhenxin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Focal plants are considerably affected by their neighbouring plants, especially when growing in heterogeneous soils. A previous study on grasses demonstrated that soil heterogeneity and species composition affected plant biomass and above- and belowground allocation patterns. We now tested whether these findings were similar for forbs. Three forb species (i.e. Spartina anglica, Limonium bicolor and Suaeda glauca) were grown in pots with three levels of soil heterogeneity, created by alternatively filling resource-rich and resource-poor substrates using small, medium or large patch sizes. Species compositions were created by growing these forbs either in monocultures or in mixtures. Results showed that patch size × species composition significantly impacted shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass of forbs at different scales. Specifically, at the pot scale, shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass increased with increasing patch size. At the substrate scale, shoot biomass and total biomass were higher at the large patch size than at the medium patch size, both in resource-rich and resource-poor substrates. Finally, at the community scale, monocultures had more shoot biomass, root biomass and total biomass than those in the two- or three-species mixtures. These results differ from earlier findings on the responses of grasses, where shoot biomass and total biomass decreased with patch size, and more shoot biomass and total biomass were found in resource-rich than resource-poor substrates. To further elucidate the effects of soil heterogeneity on the interactions between neighbour plants, we advise to conduct longer-term experiments featuring a variety of functional groups.
An ecological perspective on Joseph Rock’s (1884–1962) plant collection activities in China
Authors: Luo Jifan , Huang Ruozhi , Yan Hai , Wu Renwu , Liao Shuai , Xiang Zhoubing , Zou Yongxi , Shi Liangchen , Wang Ke , Bao Zhiyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the early 20th century, numerous western botanists, often referred to as ‘plant hunters’, embarked on ambitious expeditions to China, playing a crucial role in the study of botany and botanical diversity. Despite their contributions, comprehensive assessments of their explorations are lacking. To bridge this gap, this article focuses on the work of Joseph Charles Francis Rock, a notable figure in that era. Our work revisits Rock’s botanical expeditions within the broader context of botanical diversity conservation. It outlines his historical experiences in collecting plants in China and enumerates the species composition and phenotypic traits of the plants he collected. Additionally, it also analyzes the spatial distribution of the species, the completeness of his collection and the α- and β-diversity of the plants he collected. Our findings reveal that Rock led four major botanical expeditions in China between 1922 and 1933, amassing a total of 28 184 sheets and 16 608 numbers across 204 families, 1081 genera and 4231 species. His focus was predominantly on ornamental species, which exhibit a variety of flower colors and inflorescences. His collection work spanned 5 provinces, 35 cities and 72 counties, with a notable concentration in the Hengduan Mountains, a current biodiversity hotspot. This study not only reconstructs Rock’s botanical legacy but also offers valuable historical data and fresh analytical insights for understanding contemporary plant diversity. It contributes to the ongoing discourse on the importance of preserving plant diversity as a cornerstone of environmental sustainability.
Prunus persica leaves aqueous extract mediated biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles and assessment of its anti-quorum sensing potential against Hafnia species
Authors: Tan Xiqian , Pei Jianbo , Zhang Defu , Cui Fangchao , Wang Dangfeng , Li Xuepeng , Li Jianrong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hafnia sp. was one of the specific spoilage bacteria in aquatic products, and the aim of the study was to investigate the inhibition ability of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesis by an aqueous extract of Prunus persica leaves toward the spoilage-related virulence factors of Hafnia sp. The synthesized P-AgNPs were spherical, with a mean particle size of 36.3 nm and zeta potential of 21.8 ± 1.33 mV. In addition, the inhibition effects of P-AgNPs on the growth of two Hafnia sp. strains and their quorum sensing regulated virulence factors, such as the formation of biofilm, secretion of N-acetyl-homoserine lactone (AHLs), proteases, and exopolysaccharides, as well as their swarming and swimming motilities were evaluated. P-AgNPs had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 64 μg ml−1 against the two Hafnia sp. strains. When the concentration of P-AgNPs was below MIC, it could inhibit the formation of biofilms by Hafnia sp at 8–32 μg ml−1, but it promoted the formation of biofilms by Hafnia sp at 0.5–4 μg ml−1. P-AgNPs exhibited diverse inhibiting effects on AHLs and protease production, swimming, and swarming motilities at various concentrations.
A Methodology for Robust Multislice Ptychography
Authors: Gilgenbach Colin , Chen Xi , LeBeau James M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While multislice electron ptychography can provide thermal vibration limited resolution and structural information in 3D, it relies on properly selecting many intertwined acquisition and computational parameters. Here, we outline a methodology for selecting acquisition parameters to enable robust ptychographic reconstructions. We develop two physically informed metrics, areal oversampling and Ronchigram magnification, to describe the selection of these parameters in multislice ptychography. Through simulations, we comprehensively evaluate the validity of these two metrics over a broad range of conditions and show that they accurately guide reconstruction success. Further, we validate these conclusions with experimental ptychographic data and demonstrate close agreement between trends in simulated and experimental data. Using these metrics, we achieve experimental multislice reconstructions at a scan step of 2.1Å/px, enabling large field-of-view, data-efficient reconstructions. These experimental design principles enable the routine and robust use of multislice ptychography for 3D characterization of materials at the atomic scale.
A multitracer analysis for the eBOSS galaxy sample based on the effective field theory of large-scale structure
Authors: Zhao Ruiyang , Mu Xiaoyong , Gsponer Rafaela , Donald-McCann Jamie , Feng Yonghao , Zhang Weibing , Wang Yuting , Zhao Gong-Bo , Koyama Kazuya , Bacon David , Crittenden Robert G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We perform a multitracer full-shape analysis in Fourier space based on the effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFTofLSS) using the complete Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) DR16 luminous red galaxy (LRG) and emission line galaxy (ELG) samples. We study in detail the impact of the volume projection effect and different prior choices when doing the full-shape analysis based on the EFTofLSS model. We show that adopting a combination of Jeffreys prior and Gaussian prior can mitigate the volume effect and avoid exploring unphysical regions in the parameter space at the same time, which is crucial when jointly analysing the eBOSS LRG and ELG samples. We validate our pipeline using 1000 eBOSS EZmocks. By performing a multitracer analysis on mocks with comparable footprints, we find that cosmological constraints can be improved by $\sim 10-35~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ depending on whether we assume zero stochastic terms in the cross power spectrum, which breaks the degeneracy and boosts the constraints on the standard deviation of matter density fluctuation σ8. Combining with the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) prior and fixing the spectral tilt ns to Planck value, our multitracer full-shape analysis measures H0 = 70.0 ± 2.3 km s−1Mpc−1, $\Omega _m=0.317^{+0.017}_{-0.021}$, $\sigma _8=0.787_{-0.062}^{+0.055}$, and $S_8=0.809_{-0.078}^{+0.064}$, consistent with the Planck 2018 results. In particular, the constraint on σ8 is improved beyond that obtained from the single tracer analysis by 18 per cent, or by 27 per cent when assuming zero stochastic terms in the cross power spectrum.
Size–mass relations for simulated low-mass galaxies: mock imaging versus intrinsic properties
Authors: Klein Courtney , Bullock James S , Moreno Jorge , Mercado Francisco J , Hopkins Philip F , Cochrane Rachel K , Benavides Jose A 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The observationally inferred size versus stellar–mass relationship (SMR) for low-mass galaxies provides an important test for galaxy formation models. However, the relationship relies on assumptions that relate observed luminosity profiles to underlying stellar mass profiles. Here we use the Feedback in Realistic Environments simulations of low-mass galaxies to explore how the predicted SMR changes depending on whether one uses star-particle counts directly or mock observations. We reproduce the SMR found in The Exploration of Local Volume Satellites survey remarkably well only when we infer stellar masses and sizes using mock observations. However, when we use star particles to directly infer stellar masses and half-mass radii, we find that our galaxies are too large and obey an SMR with too little scatter compared to observations. This discrepancy between the ‘true’ galaxy size and mass and those derived in the mock observation approach is twofold. First, our simulated galaxies have higher and more varied mass-to-light ratios (MLR) at a fixed colour than those commonly adopted, which tends to underestimate their stellar masses compared to their true, simulated values. Second, our galaxies have radially increasing MLR gradients therefore using a single MLR tends to underpredict the mass in the outer regions. Similarly, the true half-mass radius is larger than the half-light radius because the light is more concentrated than the mass. If our simulations are accurate representations of the real Universe, then the relationship between galaxy size and stellar mass is even tighter for low-mass galaxies than is commonly inferred from observed relations.
Effectiveness of fremanezumab treatment in patients with migraine headache
Authors: Kikui Shoji , Daisuke Danno , Miyahara Junichi , Sugiyama Hanako , Ota Kuniko , Murakata Kenji , Kashiwaya Yoshihiro , Takeshima Takao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fremanezumab for migraine prevention.

Design
Retrospective, single-center, real-world study.

Setting
Regional tertiary headache center in Japan.

Subjects
Adult individuals with migraine (n = 165, male = 17, female = 148; average age = 45.5 ± 16.0 years) who received fremanezumab between September 2021 and August 2022.

Methods
Fremanezumab was administered subcutaneously at a monthly dose of 225 mg or quarterly dose of 675 mg based on patient preferences. Patients received fremanezumab treatment for up to 1 year unless it was discontinued. Monthly data were collected on migraine days, headache days, and days requiring acute medication.

Results
Of the 165 patients, 125 (75.7%) received fremanezumab as their first anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide-related antibody drug. Significant reductions in monthly migraine days, headache days, and days requiring acute medication were observed in those with episodic and chronic migraines. The baseline monthly headache days was 8.1 ± 4.0 in the episodic migraine group, which reduced to 6.1 ± 4.8, 5.8 ± 4.4, 4.7 ± 3.6, and 4.6 ± 3.3 days at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively; in the chronic migraine group, the baseline monthly headache days was 20.9 ± 6.1, which reduced to 17.0 ± 8.9, 15.0 ± 9.2, 13.0 ± 7.7, and 12.0 ± 9.1 days at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Treatment benefits were enhanced after 6 months of administering fremanezumab in the chronic migraine group.

Conclusions
In this real-world study of patients with migraine, fremanezumab appears to be effective and safe. Further studies are required to identify additional predictors of treatment success and failure with fremanezumab.
Simple Design Criterion for High-Intensity Hadron Linacs
Authors: Kasagaki Asuto , Okamoto Hiromi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A simple procedure is established to optimize fundamental design parameters of a high-intensity hadron linac where interparticle Coulomb interaction plays a crucial role. Based on the recently proposed semi-empirical resonance condition, a stability map is constructed which reveals potentially dangerous operating regions in tune space. The map is shown to be consistent with numerical data obtained from more complicated approaches. The effectiveness of the new design scheme is demonstrated through systematic particle-in-cell simulations assuming the most typical structure of an Alvarez-type drift tube linac. The present results suggest that the so-called equipartitioning condition, which has often been taken very seriously in high-intensity linac designs, does not need to be met to guarantee the best machine performance. The basic design concept described here can be applied not only to linacs but also to circular machines.
Blurring the Boundaries Between Medicine and Food: The Canny Marketing of Läkerol in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden
Authors: O’Hagan Lauren Alex , Eriksson Göran 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This paper explores the early marketing practices (1910–1940) of the Swedish cough drop brand Läkerol, demonstrating how it capitalised on the ‘spaces of confusion’ posed by the product’s liminality between food and medicine to create a slick marketing campaign inspired by the tried-and-tested formulas of the food industry. Advertisements used a range of strategies, such as expert and role model testimonials, humorous and serious newsjacking and the introduction of a friend-physician brand mascot to extend Läkerol from a cold remedy to an everyday product necessary for fun and excitement. By telling consumers not just about its benefits, but also connoting that it was part of a contemporary way of living, Läkerol was able to incorporate itself into a daily consumerist lifestyle, growing into a trendy and popular brand consumed daily by Swedes as part of a ritualised practice.