bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The localization of matrix metalloproteinase‐3 and tenascin in synovial membrane of the temporomandibular joint with internal derangement
Authors: Yoshida H. , Yoshida T. , Iizuka T. , Sakakura T. , Fujita S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTS: The aim of this investigation was to study the immunohistochemical localization of MMP‐3 and tenascin in the temporomandibular joint and to compare it with control specimens.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Localizations of matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) and tenascin in the tempo‐romandibular joint disc and the synovial membrane in 26 human temporomandibular joint samples (internal derangement of TMJ; n= 16, and control; n= 10) by an immunohistological method with monoclonal antibodies specific to human MMP‐3 and tenascin.RESULTS: MMP‐3 was not distributed in control specimens while it was observed in the internal derangement caseS. MMP‐3 showed two staining profiles: (1) diffuse staining was observed within the stroma of severely deformed disc with osteophyte and/or disc displacement (three of 16 specimens); and (2) the localization was specifically detected on the surface of severely hypertrophic synovial membrane (six of 16 specimens). The latter localization pattern resembled that of the tenascin on the surface of the severely hypertrophic synovial membrane.CONCLUSION: Comparative localization of MMP‐3 and tenascin revealed intense staining for both in the synovial membrane presenting inflammation, proliferation and hypertrophy. These findings suggest that tissue repair and remodeling in the temporomandibular joint disc and the inflammatory hypertrophic reaction in the synovial membrane might proceed at the same time.
Trauma modifies strength and composition of retrodiscal tissues of the goat temporomandibular joint
Authors: Cooper B. , Oberdorfer ML , Rumpf D. , Malakhova OE , Rudman RA , Mariotti A. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular pain is often accompanied by pathologic changes to joint retrodiscal tissues. The substantial representation of females in this condition has encouraged hypotheses which link genetic or hormonally induced abnormalities in tissue composition (type III collagen, type I collagen, type III/type I ratio) to the development of temporomandibular disorderS. As this condition is often associated with a history of orofacial trauma, we investigated the functional impact of retrodiscal trauma on the composition and biomechanics of retrodiscal tissues.DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrodiscal tissue of female goats received trauma or sham trauma. Following a healing period of 30 days, the tissues were pulled to failure on an extensometer.OUTCOME MEASURES: Assessments were made of tissue biomechanical properties (failure force, elastic stiffness, strain distribution). Tissue fragments were assayed for collagens I and III.RESULTS: Thirty days after surgical section of retrodiscal tissues, the tissue had reformed, but the composition and biomechanics were substantially changed. Healed tissue manifested less than half the strength of normal tissue (P= 0.02). In addition, the development of tissue strain shifted from a relatively even distribution to a confined region near the retrodiscaldiscal attachment zone. It appeared that a large increase in the expression of type III collagen (179.6%; P= 0.038) and the ratio of type III/type I collagen (180.9%; P= 0.011) accounted for these functional changes.CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that shifts in collagen expression following injury create shifts in strain development which focus tissue stresses near the interface of the disc and retrodiscal tissue, and that this shift dramatically weakens the tissue and increases the probability of re‐injury, inflammation and pain.
Functional aspects of the human salivary cystatins in the oral environment
Authors: Baron AC , DeCarlo AA , Featherstone JDB 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the cysteine protease inhibitory properties of the human salivary cystatins S, SA and SN in order to identify potential in vivo target cysteine proteases which may include those involved in periodontal tissue destruction. In addition, the potential role of the salivary cystatins with respect to the tooth mineral balance and pellicle formation was also investigated.METHODS: Salivary cystatins S major, S minor, SA, SAT(a truncated form of SA) and SN were purified from human submandibular sublingual saliva. Sensitive fluorometric assays were used to test the inhibitory action of each purified form of salivary cystatin against a variety of cysteine proteases and to determine whether pH affected their inhibitory activity towards the well‐characterized cysteine protease papain. Their potential role in the mineral balance of the tooth was assessed by the measurement of calcium binding and the rate of binding to carbonated apatite (CAP).RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Salivary cystatin SN was found to inhibit the human lysosomal cathepsins B, H and L and salivary cystatin SA was found to inhibit human lysosomal cathepsin L in vitro. These proteases are involved in periodontal tissue destruction and these data suggest that salivary cystatins SA and SN are involved in the control of the proteolytic events in vivo. Salivary cystatin S was not an inhibitor of the cysteine proteases tested suggesting that its primary role is not as a cysteine protease inhibitor. However, S was able to bind more calcium and bind more rapidly to CAP than SA or SN, suggesting that its primary role in the oral environment is likely to be the involvement with the mineral balance of the tooth.
An epidemiological study of supernumerary primary teeth in Japanese children: a review of racial differences in the prevalence
Authors: Miyoshi S. , Tanaka S. , Kunimatsu H. , Murakami Y. , Fukami M. , Fujisawa S. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the prevalence of supernumerary primary teeth in Japanese children, we evaluated this prevalence in a sample of 8122 children aged 3–6 yearS. Furthermore, we undertook a statistical comparison of the findings of the present study with those of previous investigations on the prevalence of supernumerary primary teeth in Japanese, Chinese and Caucasian children.SUBJECTS: The subjects used in the study consisted of 8122 children aged 3–6 years (4102 boys and 4020 girls). The children were examined in kindergartens.METHODS: The prevalence of supernumerary primary teeth was recorded by visual inspection. Statistical analysis was carried out using the χ2 test.RESULTS: Four cases of supernumerary primary teeth were found among the children examined, and thus the prevalence was 0.05%.All of the supernumerary primary teeth were located in the maxillary lateral incisor area.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence in a sample of 8122 Japanese children was 0.05% and that in a combined sample of 65 068 Japanese children was 0.06%.
Effects of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on experimental gingivitis in non‐human primates: clinical and microbiological alterations
Authors: Cappelli D. , Holt SC , Singer RE , Pickrum HM , Ebersole JL 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex®) to reduce gingival inflammation in the absence of mechanical hygiene and its effect on the oral microbial ecology in a non‐human primate (NhP) model of gingivitis.DESIGN: Twelve NhP were stratified based on existing inflammation into two groups of six NhP per group. Oral hygiene was performed on both groups so as to reach a level of gingival health (BOP ≤0.3) at the conclusion of the hygiene phase. One group received 30 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate twice daily 7 days/week, and a second group received 30 ml of placebo (distilled water colored to match the active) using the same regimen for 10 weeks.MEASUREMENT OUTCOMES: Clinical parameters including plaque (PLI), pocket depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at 2‐week intervalS. Subgingival plaque samples were collected by paper point at 2‐week intervals and cultured for predominant cultivable bacteria.RESULTS: By week 2, there was a difference in BOP between the groups, which reached statistical significance by week 4. This difference in BOP was maintained throughout the course of the study. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) had no significant effect on PLI, PD, or AL; although PD was greater in the placebo group after week 2 and throughout the study. Microbiologically, at week 4, the treatment group had a reduction in total bacterial counts, as well as Gram positive bacteria, and total black pigmented bacteria, compared to the placebo group. However, only the differences in Actinomyces spp. reached significance. Interestingly, when both groups received only one treatment/day on the weekends (ie, day 6 and 7), an associated loss of statistically significant differences between the two groups was observed. Additional experiments dosing the non‐human primates once daily, 5 days/week yielded no significant differences in clinical parameters, including bleeding, when compared with the placebo group.CONCLUSION: Non‐human primates provided a model system of gingivitis for testing antimicrobial agent effects on the subgingival ecology and accompanying inflammatory responseS. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%), even in the absence of mechanical hygiene, was effective in inhibiting clinical signs of inflammation, associated with alterations in the subgingival microbial ecology, most notably Actinomyces spp.
Periodontal Disease: Production of volatile sulphur compounds in diseased periodontal pockets is significantly increased in smokers
Authors: Khaira N , Palmer RM , Wilson RF , Scott DA , Wade WG 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken in order to test the hypothesis that the consequences of tobacco smoking may include increased synthesis of toxic volatile sulphur compounds in diseased periodontal pockets.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional, parallel study comparing groups of smokers and non‐smokers with periodontitis and the level of volatile sulphur compounds in the gingival sulci of these subjects.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Levels of volatile sulphur compounds were measured in diseased periodontal sites of 12 smokers and 11 non‐smokers using a portable sulphide monitor. Anaerobic and aerobic counts of the total cultivable subgingival microflora of both groups were also determined.RESULTS: The percentage of sites per subject with high levels of sulphides (≥10 units) detected in moderate (4–6 mm) and deep (≥7 mm) periodontal pockets was found to be significantly higher in smokers, compared to non‐smokers (P= 0.040 and P= 0.005, respectively). No significant difference in the microbiological parameters tested were observed between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS: Increased production of volatile sulphur compounds may represent a further mechanism of increased susceptibility to periodontitis in smokers and also help to explain the reported association between smoking and halitosis.
Research in practice: More than skin deep –aging of subcutaneous fat tissue
Authors: Berneburg Mark 
Published: August 2010

SummaryMitochondria, responsible for the generation of energy in our cells, contain their own genome, mitochondrial (mt)DNA. It is known that mutations of mtDNA accumulate during normal aging and that this can be accelerated by oxidative stress, i.e. induced by ultraviolet radiation. These mutations are functionally relevant and they play a causative role in normal aging as well as premature aging induced by ultraviolet radiation. While the focus of scientific research was more on epidermis and dermis within the last years, alterations of subcutaneous fat tissue were not investigated thus far. Cockayne syndrome (CS) A and B are two proteins known to repair oxidatively induced DNA damage via nucleotide excision repair (NER) in the nucleus. We could show that these two proteins enrich in mitochondria upon oxidative stress, directly interact with mtDNA and the two repair‐associated proteins mtSSBP‐1 and mtOGG‐1 and protect from deletions of mtDNA. If CSA or CSB are lacking, mtDNA mutations accumulate particularly in the cells of subcutaneous fat tissue which appears to mediate loss of adipocytes via apoptosis. Therefore, the two NER‐associated proteins CSA and CSB appear to play a direct role in protection from mutations which in turn are causative in aging‐associated loss of subcutaneous fat tissue.
Iron Metabolism in Infants
Authors: FEUILLEN Y. M. , PLUMIER M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn this first part of their investigations on iron metabolism in infants, the authors have estimated the iron in breast milk, cow's milk and different diets most frequently employed in pediatric clinics. They conclude that infants fed artificially often ingest 3 to 4 times more iron than infants of the same age, breast fed; and that anemia in the former is not due to the lack of iron in their diet.
ACTH in the Treatment of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis1
Authors: VESTERDAL J. , REMVIG O. , SPRECHLER M. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySeven patients, aged 21/2‐12 years, suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were treated with ACTH, each patient receiving 1–3 series of injections (total: 10 series). Eight of these series induced remissions, but in only one case the effect was permanent (observation time: 31/2months). This patient had a very active arthritis, and he received a preliminary treatment with small doses of ACTH, probably causing a hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex, which may account for the good response.The administration of ascorbic acid, 5 g daily, and cholesterol, 1–11/2g daily, had no demonstrable clinical effect.Six patients had deformities. In three of these a correction of the deformities was obtained. In two of the remaining three cases they proved to be due to osseous ankylosis.The authors are of the opinion that ACTH is indicated in cases where deformities are developing, and also when deformities have already developed, if these have not yet been ascertained to be due to osseous ankylosis.
Signs of Sexual Precocity in a Male Infant due to Estrogenic Ointment
Authors: HESSELVIK LENNART 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA boy, aged 10 months, showed a progressive gynaecomastia, increasing pigmentation of areolae mammae, penis and scrotum, and growth of sexual hair. The symptoms were caused by percutaneous absorption of stilbestrol. The identical picture was demonstrated experimentally in another case. — The mechanism of development of the syndrome is briefly discussed.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND RADIOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF THE RENAL PARENCHYMA IN CHILDREN
Authors: BERG U. , APERIA A. , BROBERGER O. , EKENGREN K. , ERICSSON N. O. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySelective renal function studies with determination of the glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) have been carried out in more than 30 children aged 3 to 15 years. Most of the patients had a history of one or more urinary tract infections as well as pathological IVP‐findings of varying degree.The selective studies were accomplished by means of external ureteral compression. Themethod proved to have an extremely good validity even in cases of severe ureteral reflux with dilatation of ureter and pelvis.No correlation could be found between radiological size of the kidney and glomerular filtration rate. In almost half of the patients with significant unilateral reduction of the renal parenchyma the glomerular filtration rate of this side was found to be more than 40% of the total glomerular filtration rate. In contrast the glomerular filtration rate of several of the kidneys estimated to be of normal size was significantly reduced. It is obvious from these findings that nephrectomy must never be carried out until selective renal function studies have been made.An additional finding was an apparently good correlation between the clinical and functional finding, i.e. the glomerular filtration rate appeared to be inversely correlated to the relapse frequency of the urinary tract infections. The fact that the. functional finding correlated well with the clinical finding but not with the radiological size of the kidney suggests various etiologies for the parenchymal reduction.
Role of parvovirus B19 infection in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Heegaard ED , Rosthøj S , Petersen BL , Nielsen S , Pedersen F Karup , Hornsleth A 
Published: August 2010

Heegaard ED, Rosthøj S, Petersen BL, Nielsen S, Karup Pedersen F, Hornsleth A. Role of parvovirus B19 infection in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 614‐7. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253Although parvovirus B19 exhibits a strong tissue‐tropism for erythroid progenitor cells leading to anaemia, several case reports indicate that parvovirus B19 infection may also cause the development of thrombocytopenia. Despite recent studies, the frequency and clinical relevance of this association have remained questionable. Consequently, and in view of the paucity of evidence regarding a viral aetiology for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), we examined the role of parvovirus B19 in 47 children with newly diagnosed ITP. Specific viral DNA indicating a current or recent parvovirus B19 infection was demonstrated in 6 of 47 patients (13%) employing the polymerase chain reaction technique. Our study suggests that children with ITP and associated parvovirus B19 infection are characterized by acute onset of profound thrombocytopenia. Among the parvovirus B19 positive children, duration of disease was brief in three children treated with immunoglobulin but chronic in the remaining three patients given high‐dose steroids. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these initial observations. This virus should be considered as a possible aetiologic agent in some children with ITP. □Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, immunoglobulin, parvovirus B19, polymerase chain reaction
COMMITTEE REPORT
Authors: Läckgren G , Hjalmås K , Gool J van , Gontard A von , Gennaro M de , Lottmann H , Terho P 
Published: August 2010

Läckgren G, Hjälmås K, van Gool J, von Gontard A, de Gennaro M, Lottmann H, Terho P. Nocturnal enuresis: a suggestion for a European treatment strategy. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 679‐90. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253The objective of this study was to review the published literature on aetiology and treatment of nocturnal enuresis, with the aim of providing a treatment strategy which is easy for the patient and their family to follow. Results from European studies conducted over the last 15 y were included in this review. It can be concluded from the results of these studies that enuresis is the cause and not the result of a psychiatric disorder. However, there is still considerable variation in success rates, from 28 to 90%. It is of vital importance that a caring approach from the doctor and a positive family and patient attitude are present for successful treatment. The first choice of treatment should be the one most acceptable to the family, e.g. alarm, desmopressin and combination treatment. □Alarm, desmopressin, nocturnal enuresis, polyuria, vasopressin
Childhood cancer–mainly curable so where next?
Authors: Craft AW 
Published: August 2010

More than 70% of childhood cancer is now curable with best modern therapy. The treatment is expensive but in terms of cost per life year saved, USD 1750, compares very favourably with other major health interventions. The rate of improvement in survival is slowing down. New, “designer”, treatments are needed and, better still, prevention. The causes of childhood cancer are beginning to emerge. The origin for many is probably in utero and may be initiated by dietary and other environmental exposures perhaps in susceptible individuals. However, one of the great challenges for the future must be to extend the benefits of modern treatment to the 80% of the world's children who currently have little or no access to it in economically disadvantaged and emerging nations. The International Paediatric Oncology Society (SIOP) is leading the way in bringing hope for children with cancer worldwide. In India, with the support of the WHO, there is a “train the trainers” programme. In Africa, pilot studies of cost‐effective treatments for Burkitt's lymphoma are producing gratifying results in Malawi and there are several examples of twinning programmes between major centres in developed and less well‐developed countries.Conclusions: The future for children with cancer is bright. Most are curable and prevention may be just over the horizon.
Cost analysis of the treatment of acute childhood lymphocytic leukaemia according to Nordic protocols
Authors: Rahiala J , Riikonen P , Kekäläinen L , Perkkiö M 
Published: August 2010

Some attempts have been made to reduce the costs incurred in the therapy of leukaemia, but no studies are available regarding costs of the entire treatment in children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL). We analysed all the direct costs of treatment of 11 children with ALL diagnosed and treated in Kuopio University Hospital. The follow‐up continued from diagnosis until the end of treatment for each patient. Patient treatment on the ward lasted for 84‐210 d and in the outpatient clinic for 24‐66 d, depending on the risk group. From 11‐54 of the inpatient days were required for the treatment of infections. Total mean cost of the entire treatment was US $103 250 (US $55 196‐166 039) per patient, 53% of which were basic hospital costs and 47% patient‐specific costs. Laboratory tests and radiology accounted for 18% of all direct costs and cytostatic drugs for 13%, but blood products accounted for only 4% of the total. Infections were the most important extra cause of costs, accounting for 18% of the mean total costs per patient.The complete treatment of a child with ALL came to a total of US $103 250. However, since 80% of children with ALL are long‐term survivors, the cost must be regarded as a good investment.
Exclusively breastfed, low birthweight term infants do not need supplemental water
Authors: Cohen RJ , Brown KH , Rivera LL , Dewey KG 
Published: August 2010

Breast milk intake, urine volume and urine‐specific gravity (USG) of exclusively breastfed, low birthweight (LBW) term male infants in Honduras were measured during 8‐h periods at 2 (n= 59) and 8 (n = 68) wk of age. Ambient temperature was 22–36°C and relative humidity was 37–86%. Maximum USG ranged from 1.001 to 1.012, all within normal limits.Conclusions: We conclude that supplemental water is not required for exclusively breastfed, LBW term infants, even in hot conditions.