bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humidity and temperature preference in two Neotropical species of sand flies
Authors: Vivero-Gomez Rafael , Duque-Granda Daniela , Rader Jonathan A. , Stuckert Adam , Santander-Gualdron Ricardo , Cadavid-Restrepo Gloria , Moreno-Herrera Claudia X. , Matute Daniel R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Arthropods vector a multitude of human disease-causing organisms, and their geographic ranges are shifting rapidly in response to changing climatic conditions. This is, in turn, altering the landscape of disease risk for human populations that are brought into novel contact with the vectors and the diseases they carry. Sand flies in the genera Lutzomyia and Pintomyia are vectors of serious disease-causing agents such as Leishmania (the etiological agent of leishmaniasis) and may be expanding their range in the face of climate change. Understanding the climatic conditions that vector species both tolerate physiologically and prefer behaviorally is critical to predicting the direction and magnitude of range expansions and the resulting impacts on human health. Temperature and humidity are key factors that determine the geographic extent of many arthropods, including vector species.

Methods
We characterized the habitat of two species of sand flies, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Pintomyia evansi. Additionally, we studied two behavioral factors of thermal fitness–thermal and humidity preference in two species of sand flies alongside a key aspect of physiological tolerance–desiccation resistance.

Results
We found that Lu. longipalpis is found at cooler and drier conditions than Pi. evansi. Our results also show significant interspecific differences in both behavioral traits, with Pi. evansi preferring warmer, more humid conditions than Lu. longipalpis. Finally, we found that Lu. longipalpis shows greater tolerance to extreme low humidity, and that this is especially pronounced in males of the species.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results suggest that temperature and humidity conditions are key aspects of the climatic niche of Lutzomyia and Pintomyia sand flies and underscore the value of integrative studies of climatic tolerance and preference in vector biology.

Graphical Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia training enhances Aβ endocytosis by plaque associated microglia via VPS35-dependent TREM2 recycling in murine Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Xueting , Xie Yuqi , Fan Xiaoyang , Wu Xiaomei , Wang Dan , Zhu Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain parenchyma is a crucial initiating step in the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Furthermore, dysfunction of plaque-associated microglia, also known as disease-associated microglia (DAM) has been reported to accelerate Aβ deposition and cognitive impairment. Our previous research demonstrated that intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) improved AD pathology by upregulating autophagy in DAM, thereby enhancing oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) clearance. Considering that oAβ internalization is the initial stage of oAβ clearance, this study focused on the IHT mechanism involved in upregulating Aβ uptake by DAM.

Methods
IHT was administered to 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice or 6-month-old microglial vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) knockout mice in APP/PS1 background (MG VPS35 KO: APP/PS1) for 28 days. After the IHT, the spatial learning-memory capacity of the mice was assessed. Additionally, AD pathology was determined by estimating the nerve fiber and synapse density, Aβ plaque deposition, and Aβ load in the brain. A model of Aβ-exposed microglia was constructed and treated with IHT to explore the related mechanism. Finally, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) intracellular recycling and Aβ internalization were measured using a fluorescence tracing technique.

Results
Our results showed that IHT ameliorated cognitive function and Aβ pathology. In particular, IHT enhanced Aβ endocytosis by augmenting the intracellular transport function of microglial TREM2, thereby contributing to Aβ clearance. Furthermore, IHT specifically upregulated VPS35 in DAM, the primary cause for the enhanced intracellular recycling of TREM2. IHT lost ameliorative effect on Aβ pathology in MG VPS35 KO: APP/PS1 mice brain. Lastly, the IHT mechanism of VPS35 upregulation in DAM was mediated by the transcriptional regulation of VPS35 by transcription factor EB (TFEB).

Conclusion
IHT enhances Aβ endocytosis in DAM by upregulating VPS35-dependent TREM2 recycling, thereby facilitating oAβ clearance and mitigation of Aβ pathology. Moreover, the transcriptional regulation of VPS35 by TFEB demonstrates a close link between endocytosis and autophagy in microglia. Our study further elucidates the IHT mechanism in improving AD pathology and provides evidence supporting the potential application of IHT as a complementary therapy for AD.

Graphical abstract
Design and analysis of CP-free OFDM PDMA transmission system
Authors: Liu Jiao , He Jianqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe paragraph introduces a proposed CP-free OFDM PDMA downlink transmission system. The main focus of the system is to address the capacity limitations caused by the overhead of cyclic prefix in traditional PDMA systems. The transmitter utilizes a pattern mapping unit before CP-free OFDM modulation to enhance system capacity and frequency efficiency. Decision feedback equalization (DFE) is employed in the receiver to eliminate intersymbol interference. The output signals from the DFE are then passed through a CP restoration unit to convert a linear-shifted signal into a cyclic-shifted signals. To assess the system's performance, simulations are conducted, investigating different key parameters such as overload rate, channel condition, and signal-to-noise ratio. The results indicate that, compared to CP OFDM PDMA systems, the proposed CP-free PDMA system significantly enhances system capacity under the same overload rate. Additionally, bit error rate is also evaluated during the simulations. Overall, the paragraph provides an overview of the proposed CP-free OFDM PDMA system, its components, and the simulation-based evaluation of its performance compared to traditional PDMA systems.
Assessing the mental health of slum dwellers: an ordinal logistic approach
Authors: Hijol Nasim Bin Jinnah , Salma Nahid , Sarker Indrani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Stress, depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health concerns that are getting worse every day in the context of rapidly expanding megacities, where a rising number of people live in slums. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the state of mental health and related variables underlying mental health issues among the impoverished population.

Methodology
A total of 384 slum residents from the Khulna division responded to our questionnaire, which included the DASS-21 and other pertinent questions. Using ordinal logistic regression, the significant factors were extracted.

Results
The Cronbach’s reliability coefficient for the DASS-21 scale lies between 0.79 and 0.89 which indicates the high reliability of the DASS-21 scales. According to the findings, roughly 72.7%, 84.1%, and 69% of participants slum dwellers experienced anxiety, depression, and anxiety problems respectively. The result of ordinal logistic regression shows, slum dwellers of female gender (B = 0.669*, 95% CI 0.141, 1.197), married (B = 1.506*, 95% CI 0.119, 2.893), having only one earning member in the family (B = 1.224*, 95% CI 0.526, 1.922), day laborers (B = 2.294*, 95% CI 1.115, 3.473), not being able to educate children due to financial problem (B = 0.558*, 95% CI 0.183, 0.932) were more likely to report high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress.

Conclusion
The study finds that a significant portion of people who live in slums struggle with mental health issues. It also points to the need for further support, intervention, and study on Khulna's slum inhabitants who are experiencing mental health issues. The authors anticipate that the results will spur policymakers and government representatives to enhance financing for slum dwellers and employ psychological intervention strategies, both of which will aid in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal.
Falsified and problematic methandienone products available online: active pharmaceutical ingredient identification by portable Raman spectrometers and quantification by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry
Authors: Schreiber Robin , Hori Manami , Takahashi Chisato , Rahman Mohammad Sofiqur , Nakao Ayane , Zhu Shu , Zhu Feiyu , Yoshida Naoko , Maekawa Keiko , Kimura Kazuko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aimed on the one hand to clarify the quality, authenticity, safety, and other issues related to products of the anabolic-androgenic steroid methandienone advertised on the Internet and personally imported to Japan and on the other hand to evaluate the use of two portable Raman spectrometers in identifying the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The study found that all n = 15 samples purchased from 14 websites were problematic regarding their package, labeling, and/or content. Specifically, one sample (6.7%) was confirmed falsified, twelve samples (80%) were found either to be falsified or unlicensed as pharmaceutical product, and two samples (13.3%) were received without information on the manufacturers’ physical address or country of origin, with one sample (6.7%) having no labeling or other accompanying information at all. Both Raman spectrometers were able to identify the API in all samples as confirmed and quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Twelve samples contained on average less than 90% of the declared API content. By contacting national regulatory authorities in 44 countries, methandienone products were found to be approved in 1 country and not approved in 21 countries. To prevent health hazards and abuse, measures against the acquisition of anabolic-androgenic steroids from unknown sources are required. Portable Raman spectrometers may be suitable for the non-destructive and quick identification of methandienone in tablets.
Graphical Abstract
Advances and prospects in deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI): a systematic review of in vivo studies
Authors: Pan Feng , Liu Xinjie , Wan Jiayu , Guo Yusheng , Sun Peng , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wang Jiazheng , Bao Qingjia , Yang Lian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has emerged as a promising non-invasive technique for studying metabolism in vivo. This review aims to summarize the current developments and discuss the futures in DMI technique in vivo.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 statement by two authors. Specific technical details and potential applications of DMI in vivo were summarized, including strategies of deuterated metabolites detection, deuterium-labeled tracers and corresponding metabolic pathways in vivo, potential clinical applications, routes of tracer administration, quantitative evaluations of metabolisms, and spatial resolution.

Results
Of the 2,248 articles initially retrieved, 34 were finally included, highlighting 2 strategies for detecting deuterated metabolites: direct and indirect DMI. Various deuterated tracers (e.g., [6,6′-2H2]glucose, [2,2,2′-2H3]acetate) were utilized in DMI to detect and quantify different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. The quantifications (e.g., lactate level, lactate/glutamine and glutamate ratio) hold promise for diagnosing malignancies and assessing early anti-tumor treatment responses. Tracers can be administered orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally, either through bolus administration or continuous infusion. For metabolic quantification, both serial time point methods (including kinetic analysis and calculation of area under the curves) and single time point quantifications are viable. However, insufficient spatial resolution remains a major challenge in DMI (e.g., 3.3-mL spatial resolution with 10-min acquisition at 3 T).

Conclusions
Enhancing spatial resolution can facilitate the clinical translation of DMI. Furthermore, optimizing tracer synthesis, administration protocols, and quantification methodologies will further enhance their clinical applicability.

Relevance statement
Deuterium metabolic imaging, a promising non-invasive technique, is systematically discussed in this review for its current progression, limitations, and future directions in studying in vivo energetic metabolism, displaying a relevant clinical potential.

Key points
• Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) shows promise for studying in vivo energetic metabolism.
• This review explores DMI’s current state, limits, and future research directions comprehensively.
• The clinical translation of DMI is mainly impeded by limitations in spatial resolution.

Graphical Abstract
Hypocitraturia as a biomarker of renal tubular acidosis in patients with Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Coradin Rafael , Lopes Maria Lúcia Lemos , Goldani João Carlos , Ventura Pedro Enrico , Keitel Elizete 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Sjögren’s disease (SD) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that affects epithelial tissues, mainly salivary and lacrimal glands. It also presents extraglandular manifestations. The main renal manifestation is tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), which can manifest as renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Urinary citrate may be a biomarker of RTA in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether hypocitraturia is a predictive biomarker of RTA in a sample of patients with SD in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil.

Methods
All patients with SD who met the inclusion criteria and who participated in the rheumatology outpatient clinic of the Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre were included. Demographic, SD, serological and urinary data were obtained. RTA was considered in those patients who persistently presented urinary pH above 5.5 and serum pH below 7.35. Patients who persistently had urinary pH above 5.5 underwent a urinary acidification test with furosemide and fludrocortisone. These patients received 1 mg of fludrocortisone and 40 mg of furosemide and had their urine samples tested 2, 4 and 6 h after taking the medications. The test was stopped at any urine sample with pH 5.5 or less. The variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or interquartile range. The association between hypocitraturia and RTA was assessed using the chi-square.

Results
Forty-two patients were included, 95.2% female with a median age of 61.73 years. The prevalence of complete distal RTA was 4.88%. Twenty-eight patients underwent urine acidification testing. Five patients had hypocitraturia, and two of them had complete distal RTA. The association between hypocitraturia and RTA was statistically significant (p < 0.012), with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 91.2% and accuracy of 91.7%. The negative predictive value was 100%. The global renal assessment of the population demonstrated two patients with RTA, one patient with decreased renal function and six patients with proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/24 h.

Conclusion
The prevalence of RTA in the studied population was 4.88%. Hypocitraturia had high sensitivity and accuracy for the diagnosis of RTA.
Patients’ expectations surrounding revision total hip arthroplasty: a literature review
Authors: Mohammad Omar , Shaarani Shahril , Mohammad Adnan , Konan Sujith 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Revision total hip arthroplasties (RTHA) are associated with a higher complication rate than primary total hip arthroplasties (THA), and therefore it is important for patients to have realistic expectations regarding outcomes. The aim of this literature review was to gather and summarize the available evidence on patients’ expectations following RTHA.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Embase from inception to November 2023. Articles assessing patient expectations for RTHA were included. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NIH) study quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. A qualitative analysis was performed involving the summarization of study characteristics and outcomes.

Results
The search strategy generated 7,450 references, of which 5 articles met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality scores ranged from 7–10. Patients had high expectations concerning future walking ability, pain and implant longevity relative to actual postoperative outcomes. A significant positive correlation was found between fulfilled expectations of pain and walking ability and patient satisfaction (r = 0.46–0.47). Only two studies assessed the fulfillment of patient expectations. Great variability was seen in the measurement of expectations.

Conclusion
Patients undergoing RTHA appeared to have high expectations for pain and functionality compared to postoperative outcomes. However, there was a paucity of high-quality data in this area, limiting the accuracy of the conclusion. Further research is needed, that emphasizes developing a sound theoretical framework for expectations, allowing for the consistent implementation of valid measurement tools for patient expectations.
A multicentre survey of knowledge and implementation of radiation protection techniques in cardiac cath-lab medical personnel
Authors: Mansour Amr , Gamal Noha M. , Tohamy Ali , Abdeltawab Adham 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Awareness of radiation hazards and methods to reduce radiation dose is a sine qua non for all staff working in the cath-lab for their own safety and their patient’s safety.

Results
There were large variations in the implementation of radiation protection techniques with overall inadequate radiation risk knowledge. Some members of the cath-lab team are at higher risk of radiation-induced side effects, including the fellows, nurses, technicians, and anaesthesiologists because they spent longer time in the cath-lab and/or their position in relation to the source of radiation. About 10% of the participants have reported different health problems potentially induced by radiation exposure.

Conclusions
There is lack of radiation risks knowledge with inadequate radiation protection practice among cath-lab team. Some members such as fellows, nurse, technicians, and cardiac anaesthesiologist are at higher risks. They represent the forgotten members of the Cath-Lab team.
Involvement of propranolol in suicides: cross-sectional study using coroner-reported data
Authors: Gorton Hayley C. , Archer Charlotte , Algahtani Thikra , Mughal Faraz , Copeland Caroline S. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Propranolol is a beta-blocker medication indicated mostly for heart rhythm conditions and for physical symptoms of anxiety. Prescriptions for propranolol in the UK have increased since 2008. Recently, there have been concerns about the involvement of propranolol in intentional poisonings, but such deaths are not routinely reported. Therefore, use of coroner-reported and toxicology data enables unique investigation into the scale of involvement of propranolol in suicide.

Aims
To describe the extent to which propranolol is involved in suicides, including patterns over time and characteristics of people whose suicide involved propranolol compared with other suicides.

Method
Data were derived from the National Programme on Substance Use Mortality (NPSUM). All suicides and deaths of undetermined intent between 2010 and 2021 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland were extracted, and a subset was identified where propranolol was involved in death.

Results
There were 4473 suicides of which 297 (6.6%) involved propranolol, with the proportion involving propranolol nearly quadrupling during the study period (3.4% v. 12.3%). Compared with all other suicides, a greater proportion of propranolol suicides were in women (56.6% v. 37.1%) and in people with diagnoses of depression (39.1% v. 27.1%) and anxiety (22.2% v. 8.6%). When suicide involved propranolol, an antidepressant was detected at post-mortem in 81.8% of deaths, most commonly a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) (51.5%), and most often citalopram (24.6%).

Conclusions
A small number, but increasing proportion, of suicides reported to the NPSUM involve propranolol. Vigilance to the combined toxicity profile of medicines used alongside propranolol may be pertinent.
Efficacy and safety of entrectinib in children with extracranial solid or primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors harboring NTRK or ROS1 fusions.
Authors: Desai Ami V. , Robinson Giles W. , Wu Yeming , Wang Huanmin , Basu Ellen M. , Bagchi Aditi , Casanova Michela , van Tilburg Cornelis Martinus , Campbell-Hewson Quentin , Armstrong Amy E. , André Nicolas , Devlin Clare E. , Wulff Jade , Cardenas Alison , Meneses-Lorente Georgina , Hutchinson Katherine E. , Lian Qinshu , Ryklansky Carolina , Fox Elizabeth , Gajjar Amar J. 
Published: June 2024

10000 Background: Entrectinib previously yielded durable responses in children with NTRK or ROS1 fusion-positive extracranial solid or primary CNS tumors in STARTRK-NG (NCT02650401). We present updated data from STARTRK-NG, TAPISTRY (NCT04589845) and STARTRK-2 (NCT02568267): pediatric patients from these trials were combined to enable an integrated efficacy and safety analysis on a larger cohort than previously. Methods: Eligible patients were TRK or ROS1 inhibitor naïve and aged < 18 years, had locally advanced or metastatic extracranial solid or primary CNS tumors harboring an NTRK or ROS1 fusion, and had measurable or evaluable-only disease. Once enrolled, patients received ≥1 daily dose of oral entrectinib until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. Tumor responses were confirmed by blinded independent central review (BICR) per RECIST v1.1 or RANO criteria. Patients were included if they had been followed for ≥6 months. The primary endpoint was confirmed objective response rate (ORR) per BICR. Key secondary endpoints included ORR in patients with baseline measurable disease per BICR, duration of confirmed response (DoR), time to confirmed response (TTR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: At clinical cutoff (16 July 2023), out of 91 safety-evaluable patients (regardless of fusion), 44 patients in the NTRK cohort and 20 patients in the ROS1 cohort were efficacy evaluable. Median duration of survival follow-up was 24.2 months ( NTRK: range 1–66) and 27.6 months ( ROS1: range 1–73). The ORR was 72.7% (95% CI 57.2–85.0) in the NTRK cohort and 65.0% (95% CI 40.8–84.6) in the ROS1 cohort. In patients with baseline measurable disease, the ORR was 81.1% ( NTRK: n=30/37; 95% CI 64.8–92.0) and 62.5% ( ROS1: n=10/16; 95% CI 35.4–84.8). Efficacy outcomes are shown in the Table. The most common adverse events were pyrexia (50.5%), vomiting (40.7%) and anemia (40.7%). Conclusions: Entrectinib continued to yield rapid and durable responses in pediatric patients with extracranial solid or primary CNS tumors harboring an NTRK or ROS1 fusion. The safety profile of entrectinib was in line with previous reports. Clinical trial information: NCT02650401 / NCT04589845 / NCT02568267 . [Table: see text]