bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASBIAN AND HOLKERIAN FORAMINIFERA FROM THE BECKERMONDS SCAR BOREHOLE
Authors: STRANK ANGELA R. E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Foraminiferal analysis of the Beckermonds Scar Borehole to a depth of 200.08 m revealed an abundant faunal assemblage ranging from late Asbian to Holkerian. From rock head to 109 m an Asbian fauna was encountered but from 110 m to the top of the Ashfell Sandstone at 200.08 m a characteristic shallow water Holkerian assemblage occurred containing
Rhodesinella avonensis.
The foraminifera observed correlated very well with those found in the Asbian stratotype section at Little Asby Scar and with other sections examined from the Askrigg Block.
THE OCCURRENCE OF
DISCINISCA
ON
DACRYOMYA OVUM:
AN EXAMPLE OF COMMENSALISM FROM THE UPPER LIAS OF YORKSHIRE
Authors: WATSON JOHN S. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The occurrence of the inarticulate brachiopod
Discinisca infraoolithica
Rolliere in the Upper Lias Alum Shales of the Whitby area is described. It appears that a commensal relationship existed between
Discinisca
and the bivalve
Dacryomya ovum
(J. de C. Sowerby) to which it attached itself. The brachiopod obtained a firm substrate for attachment and a possible source of food.
Dacryomya
does not seem to have gained or suffered as a result of the association.
THE LOWER OXFORDIAN (UPPER JURASSIC) OF NORTH YORKSHIRE
Authors: WRIGHT J. K. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

Sedimentation during the Lower Oxfordian in North Yorkshire proceeded in two contrasting phases. The first, a shallow water sedimentation phase of the
scarburgense
Subzone age, was succeeded by deeper water conditions as the Callovian/Oxfordian transgression reached its maximum extent and the Oxford Clay facies reached the area. The second phase reversed this situation, with the gradual silting up of the basin, the accumulation of large thicknesses of
Rhaxella
spiculite (Lower Calcareous Grit), and then a gradual change to oolite sedimentation at various parts of the basin. A major non-sequence beneath the
cordatum
Subzone sediments results in the
costicardia
Subzone being absent from large areas. At the close of the Lower Oxfordian, the major part of North Yorkshire was undergoing oolite sedimentation.

North Yorkshire comprises the type area of the Oxfordian Stage, and, as such, yields excellent representatives of the ammonite faunas which characterise the five subzones of the Lower Oxfordian. Many of these species are figured here, often for the first time from North Yorkshire.
Cross-bedding in the Permian Yellow Sands of County Durham
Authors: Yardley M. J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Cross-bedding analyses have been carried out on the Yellow Sands mound at Sherburn Hill, County Durham, with additional analyses being made on the nearby developments at Quarrington and Ferryhill. Measurements indicate that sediment-free winds came from the north-east (on present geography) with weaker, depositional and more persistent winds from points between north-west and east. Bimodal foreset directions are shown not to be the direct product of seif dunes but to result from the complex interaction of at least two separate transverse dune bedforms, one of which was migrational. Evidence is scant for static seif structure, but exposures on the windward sides of mounds do indicate very rare south-easterly winds depositing marginal large-scale north-facing foresets. Internally, therefore, the mounds are predominantly stationary transverse southward-facing bedforms.
Comparisons with other British Permo-Triassic deposits of known aeolian origin suggest that the Yellow Sands mounds are more complex than other described draa-scale aeolian bedforms. Nevertheless, despite the absence of documented modern analogues, the mounds are considered likely to be of aeolian origin, with their delicate lamination and absence of bioturbation and fossils precluding a marine origin.
‘S’ or ‘Z’ shaped coal seam splits in the Coal Measures of County Durham
Authors: Fielding C. R. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Coal seam splits, where a coal divides into two or more parts in the vertical plane, are common within the Westphalian Coal Measures of the Durham coalfield. In addition to simple and multiple branching types of coal seam split, a more unusual ‘double branching’, ‘S’ or ‘Z’ shaped style of splitting also occurs. An example of this last type, involving the Brockwell and Threequarter coals in south-west County Durham, is described in detail; it is attributed to differential subsidence patterns brought about by compaction of sequences variously dominated by peat, clay or sand.
Lithostratigraphy and depositional history of the late Toarcian sequence at Ravenscar, Yorkshire
Authors: O’B. Knox R. W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
A detailed examination of the late Toarcian beds of Ravenscar has shown that the traditional lithostratigraphical subdivisions do not adequately reflect the lithological sequence. A new subdivision is therefore proposed that is based on grain size and other lithological characters. At the formation level, the Blea Wyke Beds are renamed the Blea Wyke Sandstone Formation, and the base redefined to correspond to an upward increase in silt and sand content that separates dominantly silty beds below from dominantly sandy beds above. The underlying siltstones and mudstones are placed within the previously defined Whitby Mudstone Formation. At member level, the following units are proposed. The Peak Mudstone Member, whose base is defined by a sharp upward increase in silt and mica content, takes the place of the upper part of the Peak Shales and the lower part of the Striatulum Shales of previous authors. The Fox Cliff Siltstone Member (new name), whose base is defined by a sharp upward increase in coarse silt and fine sand content, takes the place of the upper part of the Striatulum Shales and the basal part of the Grey Beds of previous authors. The Grey Sandstone Member is equivalent to the middle and upper part of the Grey Beds, and the Yellow Sandstone Member is exactly equivalent to the Yellow Beds. Other lithological characters discussed in the text include the distribution and mineralogy of carbonate concretions, and the distribution of phosphate nodules.
Quantification of peat to coal compaction stages, based especially on phenomena in the East Pennine Coalfield, England
Authors: ELLIOTT R. E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The ratio of thickness before compaction to thickness after compaction in the peat to coal series, is directly related to
in situ
moisture content by volume. Rheological parameters are greatly dependent on that moisture content and control the kind of distortion that took place during compaction. The resulting structures now enable compaction ratios to be determined and five stages to be recognised from near-floating vegetation in a forested swamp to bituminous coal. The stages are the accumulation of unloaded peat, forest loading, penecontemporaneous sediment loading, loading by the geological column and coalification by heat.
ROCKFILE: a computer-based system for the curation of rock specimens
Authors: GIBB F. G. F. , BOOTES P. A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The computer-based system for the curation of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks (ROCKFILE) is designed to cater for collections that are, at least in part, highly mobile, such as those used for teaching. Its provisions include easy logging and editing of specimen records, listing of catalogues and rapid machine searching of the databases for specimens that satisfy specific criteria; this last facility eliminates the need for complex cross-referencing. In addition, it allows for the recording of geological as well as managerial information, a high degree of security, a unique specimen numbering system and multiple storage locations that are independent from the specimen numbers.
Mineralogy and diagenesis of Lower Jurassic sediments of the Lossiemouth borehole, north-east Scotland
Authors: Hurst A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Sandstones in the Lossiemouth borehole have subarkosic and sublitharenitic compositions, and are thought to have been derived from a southerly source. Early diagenesis in sandstones took place in low ionic concentration waters which generated dissolution secondary porosity and formed kaolinite. Grain-coating illite/smectite and calcite are locally abundant early diagenetic cements. Illite and K-feldspar authigenesis post-dates kaolinite formation and may be associated with mineralisation. Quartz overgrowth is the final stage of diagenesis observed. Shales have an illite + chlorite mineralogy interpreted to be of detrital origin.
Stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Woo Dale Limestones Formation (Dinantian), Derbyshire
Authors: Schofield K. , Adams A. E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The Woo Dale Limestones Formation is the oldest of the exposed shelf limestone units on the Derbyshire Block. It occurs in four inliers: Peak Forest, Wye Valley, Hartington and Alstonfield. Three members are recognised; the lowest, the Vincent House Member, is present throughout the area and consists of packstones and grainstones with a diverse bioclast assemblage. It represents deposition in a shallow open shelf environment. The Topley Pike Member comprises principally mudstones and wackestones with a restricted fauna. Fenstrate fabrics, desiccation cracks and pseudoanticlines indicate deposition and early diagenesis in a tidal flat environment. The uppermost member, the Dam Dale Member consists of dark-coloured packstones and grainstones with a bioclast assemblage intermediate in diversity between the Topley Pike and Vincent House Members. It represents deposition in a partially restricted lagoon. Tidal flat deposits occur higher in the sequence to the south (Wye Valley, Hartington) than in the north (Peak Forest). This is thought to indicate that tidal flats migrated roughly southwards with time as a result of progradation. The contact of the Woo Dale Limestones with the overlying Bee Low Limestones appears conformable at Peak Forest but unconformable at Wye Valley and Hartington. The relationship at Alstonfield is uncertain.
An Arundian fauna from the Dyserth area, North Wales and its correlation within the British Isles
Authors: Somerville I. D. , Mitchell M. , Strank A. R. E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
A rich fauna of Arundian (early Viséan) age has been identified from dark grey well bedded limestones in the Dyserth area of North Wales. Hitherto, this fauna has been considered to be of Asbian or Brigantian age (late Viséan), but additional sampling, together with re-examination of specimens from the British Geological Survey Collection and figured material of Neaverson (1929), has established the Arundian age. The coral/brachiopod assemblages are described and compared with the Dinantian of south Cumbria (Arnside Fauna) and the Northern, Central and South-Western Provinces of Britain and Ireland.
The mineralogy and petrology of the ‘Coprolite Bed’ phosphorite deposit (Lower Cretaceous) at Speeton, North Yorkshire
Authors: Scott P. W. , Middleton R. , Kimyongur N. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The ‘Coprolite’ Bed (Basal Bed or E Bed of the Speeton Clay, Berriasian) rests on Kimmeridge Clay. It is made up of phosphatic pebbles, some of which are internal moulds of bivalves, brachiopods and fragmented ammonites. Recognisable vertebrate remains are almost entirely restricted to occasional microscopic teeth and bone fragments. The pebbles are made of francolite (72–85% carbonate fluorapatite) intimately mixed with microcrystalline quartz, clay minerals, pyrite and organic matter. Some pebbles have been bored and re-phosphatised. Some francolite (with a peloidal structure), glauconite and detrital quartz occur in the matrix, but partially phosphatised calcite is the main interstitial phase. The pebbles are probably derived from already lithified and phosphatised Upper Kimmeridgian material, which may have been present as individual nodules or phosphatised hardground. The unweathered bed contains 21.6 to 25.2% P
2
O
5
, whereas individual pebbles have 26.2 to 30.5% P
2
O
5
. The carbonate fluorapatite has minor Na and Mg substitution for Ca, and approximately one sixth substitution of CO
3
for PO
4
. Approximately 1.7 atoms of F are also present in the structure. The glauconite has an overall ordered structure. The bed is very thin and, although its extent is unknown, the nature of the Kimmeridge Clay/Lower Cretaceous unconformity in this area makes it unlikely that a thicker and economically workable deposit occurs.
A limulid trace fossil from the Scarborough Formation (Jurassic) of Yorkshire; its occurrence, taxonomy and interpretation
Authors: Romano M. , Whyte M. A. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

A new trace fossil,
Selenichnus hundalensis,
is described and figured from a sandstone in the Middle Jurassic Scarborough Formation of the Yorkshire coast. The trace is preserved as a shallow, sub-oval, positive hypichnion, wider than long, with a rounded anterior margin and paired convex lunate lobes directed anterolaterally. It is considered to have been made by a limulid during shallow burrowing but because of its morphology it cannot be accommodated in the existing ichnogenera
Kouphichnium
or
Limulicubichnus.
The ichnospecies
Kouphichnium rossendalensis
and
K. cordiformis
are reassigned to this new ichnogenus. Principles of ichnotaxonomy of arthropod burrows are discussed and the trace fossil interpreted by analogy with the burrowing behaviour of living
Limulus polyphemus.
This is the first record of such a trace fossil from the Jurassic rocks of Britain.
Late Caledonian (Acadian) transpression in north-west England: timing, geometry and geotectonic significance
Authors: Soper N. J. , Webb B. C. , Woodcock N. H. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The late Caledonian structure of the Lower Palaeozoic slate belts which lie to the south of the Iapetus suture in Britain is not ‘Caledonoid’ (NE-SW) but characterised by arcuate trends. The significance of the major cleavage arc of northern England is the subject of this paper. Its exposed part, in the Lake District and adjacent inliers, is described and its regional extent inferred from the control exerted by Caledonian basement trends on early Carboniferous sedimentation patterns. The arc is shown to be a major feature of the orogen, marking a change from a NE-SW ‘Appalachian’ trend to the ESE-WNW ‘Tornquist’ trend of northern Germany and Poland.
Evidence for the age of deformation in the British slate belts is reviewed. It is shown that the deformation was not ‘end-Silurian’ as previously supposed, but of early Devonian age, climaxing in the Emsian and approximately synchronous with the Acadian orogeny of Canada.
The systematic variation in cleavage/fold transection angles around the arc is described and interpreted in terms of transpressive strains associated with the northward movement of a basement block, the Midlands Massif, which acted as a rigid indenter during accretion of the southern British terrane (Eastern Avalonia) onto the Laurentian margin. These new data on the timing and geometry of the Acadian accretion event in Britain go some way to resolving the current controversy concerning late Ordovician vs. Devonian closure of Iapetus.
Upper Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian ostracods from the South Ferriby Quarry, South Humberside
Authors: Ahmed S. T. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The ostracods from the Upper Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) of South Ferriby Quarry section were examined. Three new species of
Macrodentina (Polydentina)
namely
M. (P) ferribyensis, M. (P) parva
and
M. (P.) oxfordiana
were found and are described herein.
Duftite from the Northern Pennine Orefield
Authors: Starkey R.E. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The rare supergene mineral duftite, PbCu (AsO
4
) (OH), has been identified in partly oxidised galena – tennantite ore at Stennerskeugh Clouds, Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria. This is the first record of the mineral from the Pennines and only the third reported British occurrence.
Tectonism and sedimentation in the Flamborough Head region of north-east England
Authors: Kirby G. A. , Swallow P. W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Interpretation of a composite seismic reflection traverse across Flamborough Head reveals a complex structural history. An east-west trending graben and small associated faults developed in late Jurassic times. During the early Cretaceous, however, a southward-throwing listric normal fault developed, across which Lower Cretaceous strata are interpreted as increasing in thickness approximately tenfold. Major extensional faulting ceased at the end of the early Cretaceous. The Bempton Shatter Zone is thought to result from post-Cretaceous reactivation of part of the listric fault during inversion of the Cleveland Basin.
Patterns of late Caledonian intrusive activity in eastern and northern England from geophysics, radiometric dating and basement geology
Authors: Allsop J. M. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
Consideration of the petrological relationships and the physical properties of the concealed igneous rocks in eastern England, together with isotopic dating results and seismic refraction data, reveals a migrating three-phase sequence of Caledonian igneous activity culminating in a period of granitic intrusion during early Devonian times in the Wash and north Norfolk areas. Comparisons between the geophysical characteristics of these eastern England features and those of other known Caledonian granitic intrusions confirms their interpretation as granite batholiths. Since eastern England was isolated from the complex tectonic activity of the Caledonian orogeny, it is only in the Lake District that a similar sequence of intrusion can be recognised, with gradual increase in acidity of the intrusions during the Lower Palaeozoic.
The Pennine and Lake District granites are linked to the eastern England batholith by a north-west to south-east trending belt of magnetic basement. On the margins of this belt are located two further, but as yet unsampled, features with which are associated large negative gravity anomalies with characteristics similar to those of the granites of northern England and of the postulated granites in eastern England, which lie more to the centre of the magnetic belt. Late Caledonian acid intrusions may therefore be more widespread than previously thought.
The occurrence of the Lower Carboniferous linoproductinid brachiopod
Vitiliproductus
Jin & Liao in Asia, the British Isles and Australia
Authors: Brunton C. H. C. , Mundy D. J. C. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The mid to late Viséan genus
Vitiliproductus,
with type species
V. groeberi
(Krenkel), is known from south and north-west China, with poorly established occurrences in Kazakhstan. We describe new species from the Craven Reef Belt of North Yorkshire,
V. wedberensis,
and from north-western Australia,
V. robertsi,
together with an example from Western Ireland,
V.
sp. aff.
wedberensis.
The genus probably originated in south China and migrated both to Europe and Australia during the Holkerian and Asbian stages. Growth of the distinctive cross-rugation is described and thought to have contributed to the stability of this quasi-infaunal productoid on a soft substrate.
New data on Carboniferous (Dinantian) trilobites from the Peak District, Derbyshire, England
Authors: Tilsley J. W. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY

The stratigraphical distribution of trilobites in the Dinantian succession of the Peak District is summarised. Six new species of early Carboniferous trilobites:
Bollandia columba, Bollandia rugiceps, Cummingella sampsoni, Griffithides whitewatsoni, Namuropyge glaphyra
and
Piltonia paucita
are described.
Biostratigraphy of Viséan (Dinantian) rugose coral faunas from Britain
Authors: Mitchell M. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The history of research on British Dinantian corals is briefly outlined and the biostratigraphy of the Viséan rugose coral faunas reviewed. The distributions recorded are based only on the evidence of the author’s own determinations, made over a period of some 30 years, the results of which are published in numerous contributions to British Geological Survey memoirs and bulletins. The ranges of species are discussed using the regional stages (Chadian, Arundian, Holkerian, Asbian and Brigantian) proposed for the correlation of British Dinantian rocks. Systematic notes have been prepared, but are limited to the original designations and important revisions, sufficient to indicate the author’s understanding of the listed species; comments are added where necessary.
Late Ryazanian black shales in the Southern North Sea Basin and their lithostratigraphical significance
Authors: Lott G. K. , Thomas J. E. , Riding J. B. , Davey R. J. , Butler N. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The basal beds of the Speeton Clay Formation in Yorkshire and BGS Offshore Borehole 81/43, Beds E and D8 of late Ryazanian age, are in poorly fossiliferous, carbonate-free, organic-rich Kimmeridge Clay type facies. Above Bed D8 there is a rapid transition to carbonate-rich sediments with a lower organic carbon content and increasingly diverse faunal and palynofloral assemblages. In the Northern and Central North Sea basins similar coeval facies changes are represented by the Kimmeridge Clay Formation/Valhall Formation boundary.
The origin and significance of the distribution of shelly macrofauna in late Dinantian carbonate mud mounds of Derbyshire
Authors: Gutteridge P. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARY
The majority of macrofauna found in carbonate mud mounds of the late Brigantian Eyam Limestones Formation is preserved in isolated pockets. These pockets represent erosional hollows present during growth on the surface of the carbonate mud mound which were colonised by brachiopods and bivalves in preference to other areas. Reworking caused disarticulation and stacking of shells and winnowing of small shells and the carbonate mud. The macrofauna preserved in each pocket probably also includes some shells which were washed in. The substrate relationships of the macrofauna and the diagenetic fabrics within the core facies show that the surface of the core facies within these pockets was unlithified but consolidated. The presence of steep-sided erosional hollows on the surface of the core facies is interpreted as circumstantial evidence for the former presence of a sediment-binding community which may have contributed to carbonate mud production and stabilisation of the carbonate mud mound.
Tooth structure and phylogeny of the Upper Permian echinoidMiocidaris keyserlingi
Authors: Smith A. B. , Hollingworth N. T. J. 
Published: December 2009

SUMMARYMiocidaris keyserlingiis found in the Upper Permian Ford Formation, Zechstein Cycle 1, of the Sunderland district. It is confined to reef core and fore-reef talus slope facies and is absent from higher energy reef-crest and reef-flat habitats. Well preserved material permits the description of stereom microstructure and tooth construction.M. keyserlingihas teeth identical in structure to those of Recent cidarids and this contrasts with tooth structure in both the Carboniferous archaeocidarids and the early Jurassic euechinoids. Hemipyramid morphology and perignathic girdle structure also demonstrate the close relationship betweenM. keyserlingiand Recent cidaroids. Euechinoids and cidaroids must have diverged prior to the Upper Permian and at least two separate lineages of echinoids passed across the Permo-Triassic boundary.