bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxidative stress on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in scleroderma dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Tsou Pei‐Suen , Talia Nadine N. , Pinney Adam J. , Kendzicky Ann , Piera‐Velazquez Sonsoles , Jimenez Sergio A. , Seibold James R. , Phillips Kristine , Koch Alisa E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivePlatelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor, PDGFR, promote fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) dermal fibroblasts, and such cells in scleroderma skin lesions produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). PDGFR is phosphorylated upon PDGF stimulation, and is dephosphorylated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), including PTP1B. This study was undertaken to determine whether the thiol‐sensitive PTP1B is affected by ROS in SSc dermal fibroblasts, thereby enhancing the phosphorylation of PDGFR and synthesis of type I collagen. This study also sought to investigate the effect of a thiol antioxidant, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), in SSc.MethodsFibroblasts were isolated from the skin of patients with diffuse SSc and normal healthy donors for cell culture experiments and immunofluorescence analyses. A phosphate release assay was used to determine the activity of PTP1B.ResultsLevels of ROS and type I collagen were significantly higher and amounts of free thiol were significantly lower in SSc fibroblasts compared to normal fibroblasts. After stimulation with PDGF, not only were PDGFR and ERK‐1/2 phosphorylated to a greater extent, but also the ability to produce PTP1B was hampered in SSc fibroblasts. The activity of PTP1B was significantly inactivated in SSc fibroblasts as a result of cysteine oxidation by the raised levels of ROS, which was confirmed by the oxidation of multiple PTPs, including PTP1B, in SSc fibroblasts. Decreased expression of PTP1B in normal fibroblasts led to increased expression of type I collagen. Treatment of the cells with NAC restored the activity of PTP1B, improved the profile of PDGFR phosphorylation, decreased the numbers of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins and levels of type I collagen, and scavenged ROS in SSc fibroblasts.ConclusionThis study describes a new mechanism by which ROS may promote a profibrotic phenotype in SSc fibroblasts through the oxidative inactivation of PTP1B, leading to pronounced activation of PDGFR. The study also presents a novel molecular mechanism by which NAC may act on ROS and PTP1B to provide therapeutic benefit in SSc.
New Organic Dye Based on a 3,6‐Disubstituted Carbazole Donor for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lee Woochul , Cho Nara , Kwon Jongchul , Ko Jaejung , Hong Jong‐In 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have synthesized and characterized four organic dyes (9, 10, H1, H2) based on a 3,6‐disubstituted carbazole donor as sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells. These dyes have high molar extinction coefficients and energy levels suitable for electron transfer from an electrolyte to nanocrystalline TiO2 particles. Under standard air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) solar irradiation, a device using dye H4 exhibits a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 13.7 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.68 V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.70, and a calculated efficiency of 6.52 %. This performance is comparable to that of a reference cell based on N719 (7.30 %) under the same conditions. After 1000 hours of visible‐light soaking at 60 °C, the overall efficiency remained at 95 % of the initial value.
Recent studies of magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars
Authors: Hubrig S. , Schöller M. , Ilyin I. , Wolff B. , Cowley C.R. , Pogodin M.A. , Yudin R.V. , Stelzer B. , Mikulášek Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNew determinations of the mean longitudinal magnetic field for several Herbig Ae/Be stars are presented. The longitudinal magnetic field measurements of MWC 480 reveal the presence of a strong kG field, which was undetected in our previous low‐resolution polarimetric observations with FORS 1. The magnetic field geometries of Herbig Ae/Be stars studied with spectropolarimetric time series can likely be described by centred dipoles with polar magnetic field strengths of several hundred Gauss. A number of Herbig Ae/Be stars with detected magnetic fields were recently observed with X‐shooter in the visible and near‐IR as well as with the high‐resolution near‐IR spectrograph CRIRES. These observations are of great importance to understand the relation between the magnetic field topology and the physics of accretion flow and accretion disk gas emission (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weak magnetic fields of intermediate‐mass stars
Authors: Petit P. , Lignières F. , Wade G.A. , Aurière M. , Alina D. , Böhm T. , Oza A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present the result of a highly sensitive spectropolarimetric study dedicated to intermediate‐mass stars. We report the detection of sub‐gauss surface magnetic fields on the normal, rapidly‐rotating A‐type star Vega and on the moderately‐rotating Am star Sirius A. These magnetic detections constitute the first evidence that tepid stars that do not belong to the class of Ap/Bp stars can also host magnetized photospheres, suggesting that a significant fraction of stars in this mass regime are magnetic. We present here the observational clues gathered so far to progress towards understanding the physical processes at the origin of this newly identified Vega‐like magnetism (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical simulations of magnetic relaxation in rotating stellar radiation zones
Authors: Duez V. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractI detail the results of simulations of magnetic relaxation, as is assumed to happen in stellar radiation zones: starting from an initially stochastically organized magnetic field, this one self‐organizes towards a large‐scale, mainly dipolar configuration with both poloidal and toroidal components. While previous studies focused on the description of static equilibria, I include here the rotation in the numerical setup which substantially modifies the outcome of the simulations. In particular, magnetic equilibria are found, whose configuration remain stable over diffusive timescales (in general of the order of the main‐sequence lifetime) rather than dynamic ones, as would be the case in presence of MHD instability. Their privileged axis are inclined with respect to the rotation axis, as observed in early‐type, magnetic main sequence stars. The stationary internal flows and the dependence of the final equilibrium state on the rotation rate are described. Implications on stellar evolution are discussed (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convection and differential rotation properties of G and K stars computed with the ASH code
Authors: Matt S.P. , Do Cao O. , Brown B.P. , Brun A.S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe stellar luminosity and depth of the convective envelope vary rapidly with mass for G‐ and K‐type main sequence stars. In order to understand how these properties influence the convective turbulence, differential rotation, and meridional circulation, we have carried out 3D dynamical simulations of the interiors of rotating main sequence stars, using the anelastic spherical harmonic (ASH) code. The stars in our simulations have masses of 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 M⊙, corresponding to spectral types K7 through G0, and rotate at the same angular speed as the Sun. We identify several trends of convection zone properties with stellar mass, exhibited by the simulations. The convective velocities, temperature contrast between up‐ and downflows, and meridional circulation velocities all increase with stellar luminosity. As a consequence of the trend in convective velocity, the Rossby number (at a fixed rotation rate) increases and the convective turnover timescales decrease significantly with increasing stellar mass. The three lowest mass cases exhibit solar‐like differential rotation, in a sense that they show a maximum rotation at the equator and minimum at higher latitudes, but the 1.1 M⊙ case exhibits anti‐solar rotation. At low mass, the meridional circulation is multi‐cellular and aligned with the rotation axis; as the mass increases, the circulation pattern tends toward a unicellular structure covering each hemisphere in the convection zone (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Incidence and nature of testicular toxicity findings in pharmaceutical development
Authors: Sasaki Jennifer C. , Chapin Robert E. , Hall David Gregory , Breslin William , Moffit Jeffrey , Saldutti Louise , Enright Brian , Seger Monica , Jarvi Keith , Hixon Mary , Mitchard Terri , Kim James H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Testicular toxicity (TT) is a sporadic and challenging issue in pharmaceutical drug development. Efforts to develop TT screening assays or biomarkers have been overshadowed by consortium efforts to predict drug‐induced toxicities such as hepatic injury, which are encountered more frequently. METHODS: To gauge the current state of the field and to prioritize future TT activities, the International Life Sciences Institute‐Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART) Technical Committee sponsored a survey to better understand the incidence and nature of TT findings encountered during drug development. RESULTS: Highlights from the 16 survey respondents include: (1) Although preclinical TT was encountered relatively infrequently, half of the participants observed repeated problems with TT during pharmaceutical development, (2) despite control measures such as use of sexually mature animals to diminish confounding effects of spurious lesions, interpretation of TT remains a challenge, (3) “traditional” evaluation tools such as hormonal monitoring and newer approaches such as ‐omics are utilized to investigate testicular changes, and (4) an understanding of the risk and relevance of TT findings is achieved through joint consideration of factors such as species specificity, potential mode of action, and safety margins. CONCLUSIONS: TT remains a relatively uncommon but persistent challenge in pharmaceutical development. Although current preclinical TT approaches appear to be effective in limiting the occurrence of pharmaceutical candidate attrition in clinical trials, improved biomarker or screening platforms would allow companies to identify TT at an earlier stage, thus decreasing the time and resources expended on safety evaluation of pharmaceutical candidates. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92: 511–525, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemiluminescence investigations of antioxidative activities of some antibiotics against superoxide anion radical
Authors: Kruk Irena , Michalska Teresa , Kładna Aleksandra , Berczyński Paweł , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTA chemiluminescent technique was applied to determine antioxidative activities of adriamycin, farmorubicin, mitomycin C and bleomycin against superoxide anion radical (O2•) in aprotic medium. The antioxidant capacity was expressed as the decrease in light emission from the O2• solution by and antibiotic. A KO2 solution in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and 18‐crown‐6 ether were used for the generation of O2•. The results showed that the examined compounds decreased the chemiluminescence (CL) sum from the O2•‐generating system in a dose‐dependent manner. Among the antibiotics examined, adriamycin, farmorubicin and bleomycin exhibited antioxidant activity almost comparable to that of 1,2‐dihydroxy benzene‐3,5‐disulphonic acid (tiron), an efficient of the O2• inhibitor. Mitomycin C was two‐times less effective as tiron in decreasing the initial CL intensity. The proposed assay with usage of ultraweak CL technique and the KO2–DMSO–crown ether system was useful for the evaluation of antioxidant activity in aprotic solvents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular aggregation/disaggregation‐based molecular sensing: a review focused on investigations from China
Authors: Shen Jiang‐Shan , Li Dong‐Hua , Ruan Yi‐Bin , Xu Su‐Ying , Yu Tao , Zhang Hong‐Wu , Jiang Yun‐Bao 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSupramolecular aggregation and disaggregation induced by external stimuli can impact the optical or electrical signals of the aggregates/constituting units (receptors). Therefore, manipulating supramolecular aggregation/disaggregation has recently been employed to construct novel and promising photoluminescence (PL)‐based sensing and recognition systems. The sensing systems were capable of substantially enhancing the sensitivity, relying on cooperative interactions occurring in the assembly/disassembly processes (mostly operating in emission turned‐on or emission‐enhanced mode). This review focuses mainly on recent advances in the new emerging PL‐based sensing platforms, based on manipulating the behaviours of supramolecular aggregation/disaggregation, including aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), metallophilic interactions‐related sensing (metallophilic interactions‐induced aggregation/disaggregation), metal coordination polymers‐related sensing, and other sensing systems involving supramolecular aggregation/disaggregation. In particular, those sensing systems developed by scientists in China are summarized and highlighted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combustion synthesis of blue‐emitting submicron CaAl4O7:Eu2+, Dy3+ persistence phosphor
Authors: Yerpude A. N. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTLong persistence phosphor CaAl4O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ were prepared by a combustion method. The phosphors were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), decay time measurement techniques and photoluminescence spectra (PL). The CaAl4O7: Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor showed a broad blue emission, peaking at 445 nm when excited at 341 nm. Such a blue emission can be attributed to the intrinsic 4f → 5d transitions of Eu2+ in the host lattices. The lifetime decay curve of the Dy3+ co‐doped CaAl4O7: Eu2+ phosphor contains a fast decay component and another slow decay one. Surface morphology also has been studied by SEM. The calculated CIE colour chromaticity coordinates was (0.227, 043). We have also discussed a possible long‐persistent mechanism of CaAl4O7:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor. All the results indicate that this phosphor has promising potential for practical applications in the field of long‐lasting phosphors for the purposes of sign boards and defence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate Responsibility and Identity: from a Stakeholder to an Awareness Approach
Authors: Heikkurinen Pasi , Ketola Tarja 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTFirms are encouraged to manage their corporate responsibility and identity in accordance with the popular stakeholder theory. Managers are, however, confronted with the complexity of the praxis and related ethical dilemmas, as the expectations of their external stakeholders may be myriad, ambiguous and self‐contradictory, or even non‐existent in the global and dynamic business contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to (a) review and critically discuss the stakeholder approach in striving for a responsible identity and (b) introduce an alternative approach that can address its inadequacies and shortcomings. The study outlines an alternative theorem, the awareness approach to responsible identity. In the conclusions, the article proposes how firms can adopt a responsible identity that leads to a desired image and reputation, and maps out further research opportunities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Local Community Organizing and Change: Altering Policy in the Housing and Community Development System in Kansas City
Authors: Speer Paul W. , Christens Brian D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis article presents a detailed case study of a local group of citizens organizing to hold governmental and nongovernmental organizations accountable for improving housing and communities in Kansas City, MO. The case study draws on a review of organizational archival documents (i.e., organizational attendance records and internal reports); public documents from local, state, and federal agencies; media coverage; and a series of qualitative interviews with participants. The case provides an example of successful local community action. Yet, it also highlights many of the challenges that organizing groups face in making lasting community change. Change is constant and ongoing. Citizens' groups must therefore not only mobilize but also achieve a sustainable and politically viable presence to continually exert pressure. This is particularly true because citizen actions on behalf of community interests often provoke reactions from special interests and other defenders of the status quo. Case study methods represent a critical tool for documenting and understanding important community phenomena in a more holistic way. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Three Type II PKS Gene Clusters from Streptomyces bottropensis
Authors: Yan Xiaohui , Probst Katharina , Linnenbrink Anton , Arnold Moritz , Paululat Thomas , Zeeck Axel , Bechthold Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMensacarcin is a potent cytotoxic agent isolated from Streptomyces bottropensis. It possesses a high content of oxygen atoms and two epoxide groups, and shows cytostatic and cytotoxic activity comparable to that of doxorubicin, a widely used drug for antitumor therapy. Another natural compound, rishirilide A, was also isolated from the fermentation broth of S. bottropensis. Screening a cosmid library of S. bottropensis with minimal PKS‐gene‐specific primers revealed the presence of three different type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters in this strain: the msn cluster (mensacarcin biosynthesis), the rsl cluster (rishirilide biosynthesis), and the mec cluster (putative spore pigment biosynthesis). Interestingly, luciferase‐like oxygenases, which are very rare in Streptomyces species, are enriched in both the msn cluster and the rsl cluster. Three cosmids, cos2 (containing the major part of the msn cluster), cos3 (harboring the mec cluster), and cos4 (spanning probably the whole rsl cluster) were introduced into the general heterologous host Streptomyces albus by intergeneric conjugation. Expression of cos2 and cos4 in S. albus led to the production of didesmethylmensacarcin (DDMM, a precursor of mensacarcin) and the production of rishirilide A and B (a precursor of rishirilide A), respectively. However, no product was detected from the expression of cos3. In addition, based on the results of isotope‐feeding experiments in S. bottropensis, a putative biosynthesis pathway for mensacarcin is proposed.
Are patients deemed ‘dangerous and severely personality disordered’ different from other personality disordered patients detained in forensic settings?
Authors: Howard Rick , Khalifa Najat , Duggan Conor , Lumsden John 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn 1999, the UK government initiated a programme for the assessment and treatment of individuals deemed to have ‘dangerous and severe personality disorder’ (DSPD). After over 10 years of specialist service development, it is not clear whether DSPD patients represent a distinct group.AimsThe aim of this study was to establish whether people admitted to DSPD hospital units could be distinguished in presentation or personality traits from people with personality disorder admitted to standard secure hospital services.MethodsThirty‐eight men detained in high‐security hospital DSPD units were compared with 62 men detained in conventional medium or high security hospital units, using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R) and other standard personality disorder, clinical and offending measures.ResultsCompared with their counterparts in standard services, the DSPD group had higher scores on PCL‐R psychopathy, significantly more convictions before age 18 years, greater severity of institutional violence and more prior crimes of sexual violence. Regression analysis confirmed that only PCL‐R Factor 1, reflecting core interpersonal and affective features of psychopathy, predicted group membership.ConclusionThe DSPD group emerged as having higher psychopathy scores, but as there is currently no evidence that the core personality features of psychopathy are amenable to treatment, there is little justification for treating high‐psychopathy forensic patients differently from those with other disorders of personality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the crossboss catheter in coronary chronic total occlusion due to in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Papayannis Aristotelis , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe describe treatment of six chronic total occlusions due to in‐stent restenosis with the CrossBoss catheter (BridgePoint Medical, Minneapolis, Minnesota). The CrossBoss catheter allowed successful CTO crossing in 5 of 6 lesions (83%): in 50% the catheter entered the distal true lumen, whereas in 33% a wire was required for distal true lumen crossing. No complications were observed. Use of the CrossBoss catheter can facilitate treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions due to in‐stent restenosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transitioning to the radial artery as the preferred access site for cardiac catheterization: An academic medical center experience
Authors: Turner Samuel , Sacrinty Matthew , Manogue Michael , Little William , Gandhi Sanjay , Kutcher Michael , Santos Renato , Applegate Robert 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate procedural and safety metrics of transradial (TR) versus transfemoral (TF) cardiac catheterization (CATH) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) during a complete institutional transition from TF to TR as the preferred access. Background: The TR approach has been shown to reduce complications compared to TF for CATH and PCI, but concerns of longer procedure times have limited utilization in the United States. Methods: 4,172 consecutive CATH and PCI procedures were performed (2,665 TF; 1,507 TR) at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center from January 2009 to November 2010. We assessed in‐hospital procedural and safety metrics. Results: After 6 months of a preferred TR strategy, TR to TF crossover rate was 9.1%, and 65% of all cases were TR procedures. For the cath lab (all TF + TR), we observed small but significant increases in procedural metrics for Preferred TR (last third) compared to Preferred TF (first third). This appeared to be due to increased access times, procedure length, fluoroscopy times, and contrast use for TR versus TF (propensity score matched). Nonetheless, over the course of the study, there was a trend for a decrease in all procedural metrics with TR use. Access site complications (2.3% TF, 1.2% TR) and bleeding (2.5% TF, 2.1% TR), both P < 0.05, decreased over the course of the study. Conclusions: Our observations support the concept that complete transition of a cath lab to a preferred TR strategy is feasible, achieves lower rates of vascular and bleeding complications but with modest increases in overall procedural metrics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.