Remote Deepwater Oil Field Tie-Back: Conventional Or Innovative Solution?
Authors: Argento Francesco , Russo Giovanni , Magi Stefano , Gassert Michael , Margarone Michele , Ingargiola Antonino 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The use of subsea technologies and innovative field architectures as development solutions for oil and gas fields is fast becoming a reality. In the last ten years more than half of new global oil and gas reserves have been discovered offshore, especially in deepwater.
This paper shows the selection path followed systematically for the proper technical and economical solution selection, passing through concept screening and case-specific conceptual studies.
A typical case study will be presented in this paper, showing the advantages to be gained in using the proposed selection exercise, including flow assurance strategies, for the development of challenging new upcoming reserves deepwater.
The values presented are for a generic offshore development. The purpose is to pinpoint the limits of existing technologies, identify new subsea architectures implementing upcoming subsea processing solutions and compare and illustrate the performances of several configurations for a development in about 1000 m of water, through a case study.
A problematic oil will be considered, having a density in the range of 20–30 °API, a GOR in the range of 200–400 scf/bbl, wax and hydrate formation risk. Total liquid flowrate in the example is around 50,000 bbl/d, selected in order to be out of giant project frame. Conventional loop, single production line, electrical heating, gas/liquid separation, subsea liquid or multiphase boosting are the scrutinized solutions, applied considering on site or long distance topside facilities and upward or downward production line path.
The analysis reported in this paper evidences the technical feasibility and when benefits are obtainable implementing subsea processing technology on offshore oil and gas fields. The principles described could be the base to perform a multi-parameters study for real case technology selection.
This paper examines the drawbacks, limitations and advantages of various field architectures and technology solutions, that may be considered for deepwater oil development. It covers the different production phases, from start-up to tail production, without forgetting flow assurance issues, typical of long satellite tie-back lengths in deep waters.

INTRODUCTION
In the last ten years more than half of new global oil and gas reserves were discovered offshore, especially in deepwater [1]. Usually such hydrocarbons reservoirs are located in remote areas, far from existing facilities. Traditional development solutions to exploit this kind of reserves are no longer applicable, due to both technical and economical constraints. Technologically advanced solutions are needed in order to efficiently produce oil and gas from satellite fields to overcome technical and economical difficulties.
Especially for marginal fields, containing relatively small amounts of reserves in place, increasing the overall recovery factor is crucial to make the field economically sustainable. Marginal fields means too small to support the investment required for a conventional standalone development or too depth and far from existing facilities to be produced by means of conventional surface production technologies. Therefore marginal fields are more challenging to exploit in a cost-effective manner.
The only way to unlock these reserves is to minimize the investment for facilities that will extract and process the hydrocarbons.