bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azone analogues: classification, design, and transdermal penetration principles
Authors: Jampilek Josef , Brychtova Katerina 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe development in the field of pharmaceutical dosage forms results in the discovery of additional highly sophisticated drug delivery systems that allow maintaining a constant level of the active substance in an organism. Transdermal therapeutic systems are an excellent alternative to conventional pharmaceutical dosage forms. However, the application of transdermal drug delivery faces the problem of insufficient or no penetration of active pharmaceutical substances through the skin. This review article describes the possible fundamental mechanisms of penetration through the skin barrier and refers to the classification of skin penetration enhancers. Azone‐like enhancers are considered in detail and classified according to their structure on the basis of medicinal chemistry approaches. The article also provides a review of original transdermal penetration enhancers prepared in our laboratory and discusses the relationship between the chemical structure of the described Azone analogues and their penetration activity (SAR/QSAR).
Perspectives on medicinal properties of plumbagin and its analogs
Authors: Padhye Subhash , Dandawate Prasad , Yusufi Mujahid , Ahmad Aamir , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPlumbagin is one of the simplest plant secondary metabolite of three major phylogenic families viz. Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, and Ebenceae, and exhibits highly potent biological activities, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Recent investigations indicate that these activities arise mainly out of its ability to undergo redox cycling, generating reactive oxygen species and chelating trace metals in biological system. The compound is endowed with a property to inhibit the drug efflux mechanism in drug‐resistant bacteria, thereby allowing intracellular accumulation of the potent drug molecules. An interesting bioactivity exhibited by this compound is the elimination of stringent, conjugative, multidrug‐resistant plasmids from several bacterial strains including opportunistic bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. Moreover, plumbagin effectively induces apoptosis and causes cell cycle arrest, which is, in part, due to the inactivation of NF‐κB in cancer cells. Therefore, it has been suggested that designing “hybrid drug molecules” of plumbagin by combining it with other appropriate anticancer agents may lead to the generation of novel and potent anticancer drugs with pleiotropic action against human cancers. This comprehensive review is an attempt to understand the chemistry of plumbagin and catalog its biological activities reported to date.
In‐Line Monitoring of Emulsion Polymerization Reactions Combining Heat Flow and Heat Balance Calorimetry
Authors: Esposito Marcelo , Sayer Claudia , de Araújo Pedro Henrique Hermes 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn‐line monitoring of semi‐batch vinyl acetate emulsion polymerizations was performed combining heat flow and heat balance calorimetry to re‐estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient between the reactor and jacket. The initial UARJ was obtained applying a constant power through an electrical heater to the initial reactor charge. As UARJ changed during the reaction, it was re‐estimated combining the mass and energy balances of the jacket and the reactor and minimizing an objective function in terms of TJ_out. Results showed that good in‐line estimations of conversion can be performed without requiring the use of experimental conversion data to re‐estimate UARJ during the reaction. magnified image
Relaxation of shish‐kebab precursor in isotactic polystyrene after short‐term shear flow
Authors: Zhao Yunfeng , Matsuba Go , Nishida Koji , Fujiwara Tetsuaki , Inoue Rintaro , Polec Inga , Deng Cong , Kanaya Toshiji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe studied the formation and relaxation of precursors of shish‐kebab in isotactic polystyrene after applying pulse shear flow at temperatures above the nominal melting temperatures Tm (=223 °C). It was found that the string‐like objects that were assigned to precursors in a previous article appeared in micrometer scale up to ∼285 °C, which was very close to the equilibrium melting temperature T (=289 °C), and the length and the diameter showed two‐step decays consisting of the fast and slow (almost nondecaying) components below ∼270 °C, whereas the slow component disappeared above ∼270 °C, suggesting that some mechanism stabilizing the string‐like objects disappeared at ∼270 °C. It was also found that the two‐step decay was a nature of a single string‐like object, but not an average nature of many precursors, showing heterogeneous inner structure of the precursor. We discussed a possibility that the string‐like object had a fringed micelle type structure including large crystals with a melting temperature of ∼270 °C. Within the proposed picture, the highest temperature for the precursor formation (∼285 °C) was explained as a melting of the large crystals in oriented melt. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Understanding Interdisciplinary Collaborations as Social Networks
Authors: Haines Valerie A. , Godley Jenny , Hawe Penelope 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of interdisciplinary collaboration invite further investigation if we are to make this endeavour more rewarding and productive. We are using social network analysis to track the development of a new interdisciplinary collaboration on complex interventions to improve population health. It involves nineteen scholars across four countries. We report the Baseline network of formal relationships among the scholars, along with the impact of the collaboration on these relationships in the first 18 months. We observed statistically significant increases in the density of six types of relationship networks: citing publications by other members of the collaboration, email contact, meeting with each other (outside of the formal annual meeting), visiting one another's institution, submitting research grants together and working on research projects together. The initial strategic role in the network of key ‘gate keepers' has not altered substantially (betweenness centralization of the networks), but reciprocity has increased, that is, people are more likely to cite those who have cited them and work together. Increased collaboration is also reflected in the rise in number of subgroups over time and the increase in the average number of subgroup memberships. Use of social network analysis to understand the dynamics of interdisciplinary collaborations is a relatively new field. It invites reflection about what the optimal network structures for interdisciplinary collaborations would look like.
Lipid Analysis Reveals Quiescent and Regenerating Liver‐Specific Populations of Lipid Droplets
Authors: García‐Arcos Itsaso , González‐Kother Paola , Aspichueta Patricia , Rueda Yuri , Ochoa Begoña , Fresnedo Olatz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe mammalian liver, a key organ in lipid homeostasis, can accumulate increased amounts of lipids in certain physiological conditions including liver regeneration. Lipid droplets (LD), the lipid storage organelles in the cytoplasm, are composed of a core of neutral lipids (mainly triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters) surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and cholesterol with associated proteins. It is recognized that LD lipid composition is cell‐ and environment‐specific and enables LD to carry out specific functions, but few descriptive studies aiming to interpret such differences have been published. We characterized eight density fractions of LD isolated from quiescent (control) and regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy, and grouped populations according to their lipid composition. LD from quiescent liver resembled the cholesteryl ester storage LD found in steroidogenic tissues, whereas in the regenerating tissue they were similar to adipocyte LD. Specifically, there were large, light LD with increased triacylglycerol content, the hallmark of liver regeneration. The apparent volume of the dense LD was, however, lower than in the quiescent density‐matched populations, concomitant with increased phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and decreased neutral lipid content. Analysis of the lipid profile of LD populations from quiescent and regenerating tissue leads us to define four physiological LD phenotypes for rat liver.
Unconscious information processing reduces information overload and increases product satisfaction
Authors: Messner Claude , Wänke Michaela 
Published: November 2010

AbstractConsumers are less satisfied with a product chosen from an extended assortment than from a limited one. Presumably, information overload causes decreased satisfaction and reducing information overload would increase satisfaction. Building on Unconscious Thought Theory, results suggest that this classic effect reverses when consumers do not deliberate. Consumers reported lower satisfaction with a praline chosen from a large assortment than from a small one, when they either deliberated intensively or chose spontaneously. This effect reversed when consumers were distracted before choosing. Unconscious thinking about a large assortment led to the highest product satisfaction.
Correction [to “Report assesses nutrient pollution in U.S. streams and aquifers”]
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: November 2010

In the news item “Report assesses nutrient pollution in U.S. streams and aquifers” in the 5 October 2010 issue of Eos (91(40), 359), a sentence in the fourth paragraph should have read, “The assessment found that the proportion of wells that exceed the federal human health drinking water standard—the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)—increased from 16% at the beginning of the assessment period to 21% at the end of the period, Dubrovsky said.”Eos regrets this error.
Nicotine dependence and quitting behaviors among menthol and non‐menthol smokers with similar consumptive patterns
Authors: Fagan Pebbles , Moolchan Eric T. , Hart, Jr. Alton , Rose Allison , Lawrence Deirdre , Shavers Vickie L. , Gibson James Todd 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAims  This study examines the associations between usual cigarette brand (i.e. menthol, non‐menthol) and markers for nicotine dependence and quitting behaviors.Design  The 2003 and 2006/07 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Surveys were pooled to conduct secondary data analysis.Setting  National data were collected using in‐person and telephone computer‐assisted interviews by the United States Census Bureau among civilian, non‐institutionalized people aged 15 years and older.Participants  Data were analyzed among daily current smokers aged 18+ (n = 46 273).Measurements  The associations between usual cigarette brand and time to first cigarette within 5 and 30 minutes after waking, quit attempts in the past 12 months and length of smoking abstinence in the past 12 months were examined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were stratified by smoking intensity: ≤5, 6–10, 11–19 and 20+ cigarettes per day.Findings  Menthol smokers reported a mean of 13.05 compared with 15.01 cigarettes per day among non‐menthol smokers (P < 0.001). Multivariate results showed that among smokers consuming 6–10 cigarettes per day, menthol smokers were significantly more likely than non‐menthol smokers to consume their first cigarette within 5 minutes after waking (odds ratio = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 1.05,1.43). The multivariate models did not show significant associations between usual cigarette brand and quit attempts in past 12 months or duration of smoking abstinence >2 weeks in the past 12 months.Conclusions  Findings from this national survey of daily smokers demonstrate that menthol smokers in the United States who report consuming 6–10 cigarettes per day show greater signs of nicotine dependence than comparable non‐menthol smokers.
Per capita alcohol consumption and ischemic heart disease mortality in a panel of US states from 1950 to 2002
Authors: Kerr William C. , Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine , Subbaraman Meenakshi , Ye Yu 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAims To estimate the overall impact of alcohol on ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in the United States using aggregate‐level models and to consider beverage‐specific effects that may represent more effectively the changes in drinking patterns over time that are related to both harmful and protective impacts of alcohol consumption on IHD.Design Several model specifications are estimated, including state‐specific autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models and generalized least squares (GLS) panel models on first‐differenced data.Setting US states from 1950 to 2002.Participants US general population.Measurements Per capita alcohol sales and cigarette sales, age‐standardized IHD and cirrhosis mortality rates.Findings Apparent consumption of total alcohol was associated with a significant overall increase of IHD of about 1% mortality per litre of ethanol. Beverage‐specific models found that spirits consumption was significantly positively related to IHD mortality overall, for both genders and in three regions defined by drinking culture (or ‘wetness’), while beer was found to have a significant protective relationship overall and in the wet region. The results for wine also suggest a protective relationship, but only marginally significant effects were found. Cirrhosis mortality rates were consistently positively related to IHD mortality. Combined results from state‐specific ARIMA models including both cigarette sales and cirrhosis rates were generally consistent with the GLS results.Conclusions Population‐level models confirm individual‐level findings of both harmful and protective relationships between alcohol use patterns and ischemic heart disease mortality. However, an overall harmful impact of per capita alcohol consumption on IHD mortality was found.
Leukotriene modifiers for asthma treatment
Authors: Montuschi P. , Peters‐Golden M. L. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryLeukotrienes (LTs), including cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) and LTB4, are potent lipid mediators that have a role in the pathophysiology of asthma. At least two receptor subtypes for CysLTs, CysLT1 and CysLT2, have been identified. The activation of the CysLT1 receptor is responsible for most of the pathophysiological effects of CysLTs in asthma, including increased airway smooth muscle activity, microvascular permeability, and airway mucus secretion. LTB4 might have a role in severe asthma, asthma exacerbations, and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. CysLT1 receptor antagonists can be given orally as monotherapy in patients with mild persistent asthma, but these drugs are generally less effective than inhaled glucocorticoids. Combination of CysLT1 receptor antagonists and inhaled glucocorticoids in patients with more severe asthma may improve asthma control and enable the dose of inhaled glucocorticoids to be reduced while maintaining similar efficacy. The identification of subgroups of asthmatic patients who respond to CysLT1 receptor antagonists is relevant for asthma management as the response to these drugs is variable. CysLT1 receptor antagonists have a potential anti‐remodelling effect that might be important for preventing or reversing airway structural changes in patients with asthma. This review discusses the role of LTs in asthma and the role of LT modifiers in asthma treatment.Cite this as: P. Montuschi and M. L. Peters‐Golden, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1732–1741.
Regulation of colonic epithelial cell turnover by IDO contributes to the innate susceptibility of SCID mice to Trichuris muris infection
Authors: BELL L. V. , ELSE K. J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryTryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway is dependent on the enzyme Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Expression of IDO is upregulated in a number of inflammatory settings such as wounding and infection, and the resulting local tryptophan depletion may inhibit the replication of intracellular pathogens. Indo gene expression is upregulated in the gut during chronic infection with the mouse whipworm Trichuris muris. We demonstrate an increase in the rate of colonic epithelial cell turnover after inhibition of IDO in T. muris‐infected SCID mice, leading to a significant expulsion of parasite burden. We identify the goblet cell as a novel source of IDO and present data revealing a new role for IDO in the regulation of epithelial cell turnover post‐infectious challenge.
The Effect of Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Concentration on Phenol Synthesis in Paul's Scarlet Rose Cells Grown in Tissue Culture
Authors: AMORIM H. V. , DOUGALL D. K. , SHARP W. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effects of exogenous concentrations of glucose and nitrate on total ethanol extractable phenols and leucoanthocyanins were studied in Paul's Scarlet Rose cells grown in either liquid suspension or solid culture. Aliquots of liquid suspension cultured cells were harvested during logarithmic, early stationary, and late stationary periods of growth for determination of fresh weight, dry weight, total ethanol extractable phenols and leucoanthocyanins. Cells produced phenols during all phases of growth, but at stationary phase, the production was greatest. Increasing concentrations of exogenous glucose in the culture medium resulted in an increased synthesis of total phenols in logarithmic cells, and an increased synthesis of total phenols and leucoanthocyanin in stationary cells. Addition of increased concentrations of exogenous nitrate to the stationary cells grown in suspension culture markedly reduced synthesis of leucoanthocyanins although total phenol synthesis was not significantly affected. Similar observations were made in cells cultured on solid medium in respect to exogenous glucose concentration, however these cells differed from the suspension cultured cells by having increased amounts of total phenol synthesis and decreased synthesis of leucoanthocyanins in the presence of increasing concentrations of exogenous nitrate in the culture medium.
Early diagnosis of a calibre persistent labial artery in a child: Usefulness of ultrasonography
Authors: Arellano Javier , Antoniazzi Cristina , Wortsman Ximena 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTCalibre persistent labial artery is a vascular lesion in which a large diameter artery penetrates the submucosal tissue of the lip and continues without division or decreasing its size. Usually, a calibre persistent artery of the lip presents as a pulsatile papule and is easily misdiagnosed. Although the diagnosis can be clinical, the development of high‐resolution colour Doppler ultrasound is a useful non‐invasive tool for evaluating the lesion. We report a case of a 2‐year‐old male patient presenting with a congenital pulsatile lesion on his upper lip. Clinical diagnosis of a calibre persistent artery of the lip was confirmed by colour Doppler ultrasound. Images are provided to highlight findings of the physical and ultrasound examinations.
The Family Education Diabetes Series (FEDS): community‐based participatory research with a midwestern American Indian community
Authors: Mendenhall Tai J , Berge Jerica M , Harper Peter , GreenCrow Betty , LittleWalker Nan , WhiteEagle Sheila , BrownOwl Steve 
Published: November 2010

MENDENHALL TJ, BERGE JM, HARPER P, GREENCROW B, LITTLEWALKER N, WHITEEAGLE S and BROWNOWL S. Nursing Inquiry 2010; 17: 359–372 The Family Education Diabetes Series (FEDS): community‐based participatory research with a midwestern American Indian communityIndigenous people around the globe tend to struggle with poorer health and well‐being than their non‐indigenous counterparts. One area that this is especially evident is in the epidemic of diabetes in North America’s American Indians (AIs) – who evidence higher prevalence rates and concomitant disease‐related complications than any other racial/ethnic group. As researchers and AI communities work together to transcend conventional top‐down, service‐delivery approaches to care, community‐based participatory research is beginning to show promise as a way to partner contemporary biomedical knowledge with the lived‐experience, wisdom, and customs of Indigenous people. This study describes the Family Education Diabetes Series (FEDS) as an example of such effort, and highlights pilot findings assessing its value and impact across key diabetes‐relevant variables. Following 36 intervention participants across baseline, 3‐month, and 6‐month time periods, data show significant improvements in weight, blood pressure, and metabolic control (A1c). Strengths and limitations of this investigation are presented, along with suggestions about how to further advance and empirically test the work across other Indigenous communities.
Common issues, different approaches: strategies for community–academic partnership development
Authors: Baiardi Janet M , Brush Barbara L , Lapides Sharon 
Published: November 2010

BAIARDI JM, BRUSH BL and LAPIDES S.Nursing Inquiry2010;17: 289–296 Common issues, different approaches: strategies for community–academic partnership developmentCommunities around the United States face many challenging health problems whose complexity makes them increasingly unresponsive to traditional single‐solution approaches. Multiple approaches have considered ways to understand these health issues and devise interventions that work. One such approach is community‐based participatory research. This article describes the development of a new collaborative partnership between a school of nursing and an urban social service agency using community‐based participatory research as a framework. We describe the partnership’s evolution and process of data collection and analysis and evaluate the outcomes of both. We argue that community‐based participatory research involves partnerships at its core whose members, both as individuals and part of the collaboration, must be committed and nimble in the face of shifting and challenging health and social problems, recognize common issues and concerns across the boundaries of community and academia, and respect each other’s different approaches and expertise.