bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble-Based Water Flooding Optimization Applied to Mature Fields
Authors: Pajonk O. , Schulze-Riegert R. , Krosche M. , Mustafa H. , Nwakile M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Water flooding schemes introduced as part of redevelopment projects in mature fields are more often built on smart completions with multiple control valves (ICVs) in wells to be drilled. Decision processes for the implementation and operation of ICVs is supported by reservoir simulations to investigate the upside potential of technical production rates. The robustness of any presented solution is difficult to prove and requires workflows which integrate alternative geological scenarios for capturing uncertainties.
In this work the employment of smart well technologies is modeled to investigate the potential for increasing o il recovery over the life time of a reservoir. Challenges exist on different levels. The number of control variables increases significantly as the number of wells, perforation sections per well and injection time intervals with varying injection constraints increases. Uncertainties related to different geological modeling concepts are taken into account for verifying the robustness of any optimized production scenario.
The starting point for this paper is an ensemble of history matched simulation models. Ensemble-based production optimization including stochastic methods is applied for the optimization of water injection scenarios by individually adjusting ICVs. A novel concept for a time dependent target function is introduced. This reduces the number of control parameters adjusted at a time by focusing on incremental contributions to economic indicators.
The workflow is applied to a complex reservoir model with production history. The optimization process is successfully improving economic indicators over the life time of the reservoir including a full risk evaluation based on alternative geological realizations.
Strategies to Conduct Steam Injection in Waterflooded Light Oil Reservoir and a Case in Fuyu Reservoir, Jilin
Authors: Xin Zhao , Yongbin Wu , Baiming Zhou , Yu Liang , Yu Sun , Xianbao Zheng , Panqing Gao 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Steam injection is an effective means to enhance the recovery of light oil reservoirs. The industry experience has been built up over the past decades. But there is no detailed literature to describe or demonstrate any successful use. The pilot test of steam injection on several wells of Block E9 in Fuyu oilfield was conducted in 2007. After then, injection was converted to Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) at a field scale from late 2008.In this study, an integrated investigation was conducted to analyze the steam injection performance and potentials in the Fuyu field light oil reservoir. The methodologies include in-house experiments and dynamic analysis based on geologic and reservoir characteristics and production performance.
First of all, the factors which impact CSS performance have been summarized and quantified, like natural and artificial fractures, major direction of the flow line during waterflooding, and the distribution of sandbodies, etc. During the CSS process of light oil reservoir, the phenomenon of steam driving oil during steam injection phase is apparent which results in lower oil saturation in the wellbore vicinity and lower peak oil rate compared with heavy oil CSS. Finally, essence of steam injection in the light oil reservoirs, mechanisms of EOR, and strategies to enhance the performance of steam injection are summarized.
Collaboration Models for University and Petroleum Industry Partners with Focus on MENA
Authors: Van Kirk Craig W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper has been prepared in response to an invitation to make a keynote presentation at this MEOS Conference, and to set the stage for the other several presentations to follow during the same Session. With the Session titled "People Development", naturally this paper and the others address current issues and topics related to human resources, human capital, talent management, diversity in the workforce, university partnerships in collaboration with other significant stakeholders, and education and training.
There are many ways to tell a good story, and I hope the "way" presented herein is a good choice. There is no doubt about the "story" being good; the only uncertainty is in the telling.
As the title above indicates, the intent of this paper is to present models and examples of collaborations among international universities and petroleum industry partners, with emphasis on the MENA region. For purposes of this paper, this Middle East and North Africa MENA region is considered to cover the area approximately from Oman to Turkey, and from Tehran to Timbuktu and Tunisia, plus or minus a little more or less, and most points in between. Hopefully, this paper will be useful to many within and outside this geographical area.
The MENA region has a long and wonderful history of education, research, discovery, inventions, writing, laws, and other university-related functions provided by the "House of Wisdom".
The members of the intended particular audience targeted by this paper are the leaders and decision makers representing the partners in the actual and potential collaborations which are addressed herein, including all of the following: University faculty members, Department Heads, Vice Presidents, Presidents, Deans, Boards of Directors, Advisory Groups.Leadership personnel of NOCs, IOCs, Ministries of Oil and Higher Education; and any other stakeholders with power, influence, control, resources, advice, or wisdom to share.
This paper is based on 35 years of global experiences, including many current engagements with countries in the MENA region, addressing models for innovative collaborations among universities and the petroleum industry. The focus of this paper is on Petroleum Engineering (PE) education, research, and training provided by universities, and the critical needs for better engagements with National Oil Companies (NOCs), International Oil Companies (IOCs), International Service Companies, and Ministries of Oil and Higher Education.
The experiences, observations, and recommendations presented herein are based primarily on PE, and readily incorporate the other upstream oil and gas industry disciplines of Geology (GE) and Geophysics (GP). In addition, much of the petroleum industry downstream personnel and efforts relate to this paper equally well.
Enhanced Waterflood for Middle East Carbonate Cores — Impact of Injection Water Composition
Authors: Gupta Robin , Smith P. Griffin , Hu Lu , Willingham Thomas W. , Cascio Mauro Lo , Shyeh J. Jane , Harris Chad R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Carbonate coreflood experiments have demonstrated the potential for Advanced Ion Management (AIMSM) to significantly increase oil recovery compared to waterflood using formation water. AIMSM involves adding and/or removing ions from the injection water to improve waterflood performance. AIMSM further improves current state-of-the-art processes through the addition of certain salts and/or the softening of water. Simulations have accurately matched the experiments, providing a tool to assess field-scale recovery and supporting the premise that the increased recovery is due to a change in wettability. This study shows that a relatively inexpensive and straightforward modification of injection water composition can significantly increase oil recovery.
Deploying a Wireless Downhole Reservoir Testing System Enabling Real-Time Interpretation and Tool Control
Authors: Al-Nahdi A. A. , Saleh R. , Omidiya A. , Loth M. , Mabrouki F. , Lemenager E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Successful exploration and field development requires knowledge of fundamental reservoir and production properties. These properties can only be confidently measured by conducting a reservoir test, properly designed to measure pressure, temperature, and flow rate and sample for the zone of interest. Alongside the key task of gathering the necessary data and validating test objectives, this process involves the flowing of hydrocarbons through temporary equipment. It is therefore critical, to safely and efficiently manage the wellbore.
A new wireless downhole reservoir testing system has been deployed in Saudi Arabia to meet reservoir testing challenges. This integrated system allows retrieval of downhole measurements throughout the test, control and verification of the tester and circulating valves, and selective activation of multizone perforating guns.
This paper presents field cases demonstrating how the system has been used for these applications in an effort to reduce operational risks and improve certainty in reservoir testing results.
Drill-Stem Test with Real-Time Reservoir Data Monitoring Improves Operational Efficiency — Case Study, Senoro-6
Authors: Febrianto Dwi Hudya , Rachmawati Fitria Dewi , Khan Ahad , Haddad Josmar , Salguero Alejandro 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Well testing generates essential reservoir data, and although it can impact initial operating expenditures significantly in oil or gas upstream projects, the data generated can be essential to the efficiency of the completion operation ultimately designed. While having proven its value, data-gathering methods still must be balanced with operational and economic strategies, if the completion goals are to be economically feasible.
Drill-Stem Test (DST) tools with downhole shut in and memory gauges are commonly used in well testing operations to provide reliable data and enhance operational efficiency of the completion. However, DST tools alone cannot monitor reservoir pressure response in real-time for justifying the subsequent operational objective changes during the data acquisition, because the recorded data cannot be retrieved at surface until the well test operation is completed, and the workstring is pulled out of hole. To overcome this problem, surface read-out (SRO) systems can be used with DST for retrieving downhole memory-gauge data in real time; thus, the pressure response can be monitored directly, and operational changes can be made immediately, based on actual reservoir conditions.
An SRO system was used in Senoro-6 well to aid in justifying a shut-in duration to reach reservoir boundary and attain information that indicated the need for a stimulation treatment. Based on the real-time SRO data, it was found out that the permeability was lower than expected, and shut-in should be terminated earlier than planned, since the required shut-in time to reach boundary would be much longer than anticipated. Prolonging testing time would not be reasonable when reviewing operational and economic considerations. In addition, pressure transient analysis from real time SRO data indicated that the well had severe wellbore damage.
Thus, the decision was made to conduct matrix acid stimulation based on the SRO data and to continue with post-stimulation well testing without pulling the DST string out of the hole.
Post-test results showed a 22% production improvement, while the operation itself saved more than US$150,000 from daily rig cost. This approach in using the SRO system proved to be effective in helping to determine an efficient testing operation and completion strategy.
The visual rooting reflex in individuals with autism spectrum disorders and co‐occurring intellectual disability
Authors: de Bildt Annelies , Mulder Erik J. , Van Lang Natasja D.J. , de With S.A. Jytte , Minderaa Ruud B. , Stahl Sherin S. , Anderson George M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe rooting reflex has long been studied by neurologists and developmentalists and is defined as an orientation toward tactile stimulation in the perioral region or visual stimulation near the face. Nearly, all previous reports of the visual rooting reflex (VRR) concern its presence in adults with neurological dysfunction. Previously, the VRR was reported to be present in a majority of individuals with autism and absent in control subjects. In the present larger study, we examined the presence of the VRR in 155 individuals with ASD and co‐occurring Intellectual Disability (ASD + ID: autism, N = 60; Pervasive Developmental Disorder‐Not Otherwise Specified (PDD_NOS), N = 95) and in a contrast group of 65 individuals with ID only. The VRR was present significantly more often in the ASD + ID (43.9%) group than in the ID‐only group (24.6%; = 7.19; P = 0.007). Individuals with autism displayed a VRR more often (55.0%) than individuals with PDD‐NOS (36.8%; = 4.92; P = 0.026) and individuals with ID only (24.6%; = 12.09; P = 0.001). A positive VRR was associated with lower IQ and adaptive functioning; in the ASD + ID group, ADI‐R/ADOS domain scores were significantly higher in the VRR‐positive subgroup. The results replicate and extend the finding of an increased occurrence of the VRR in autism. Although some association with IQ was observed, the VRR occurred substantially more often in the autism group compared with an intellectually disabled group, indicating some degree of specificity. Additional studies of infants and children with typical development, ASD and ID are needed to determine the utility of the VRR in ASD risk assessment and to elucidate possible specific behavioral associations. Autism Res 2012,5:67–72. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel terrain visibility calculation on the graphics processing unit
Authors: Strnad Damjan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present the graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based parallel implementation of visibility calculation from multiple viewpoints on raster terrain grids. Two levels of parallelism are introduced in the GPU kernels — parallel traversal of visibility rays from a single viewpoint and parallel processing of viewpoints. The obtained visibility maps are combined in parallel using the selected logical operator. A comparison with multi‐threaded CPU implementation is performed to establish the expected speed‐ups of viewshed construction when the source and destination types are sets of scattered locations, paths, or regions. The results demonstrate that using the GPU, the acceleration of an order of magnitude can be achieved on average with both point sampling and bilinear filtering of the elevation map. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gibraltar: A Reed‐Solomon coding library for storage applications on programmable graphics processors
Authors: Curry Matthew L. , Skjellum Anthony , Lee Ward H. , Brightwell Ron 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYReed–Solomon coding is a method for generating arbitrary amounts of erasure correction information from original data via matrix–vector multiplication in finite fields. Previous work has shown that modern CPUs are not well‐matched to this type of computation, requiring applications that depend on Reed–Solomon coding at high speeds (such as high‐performance storage arrays) to use hardware implementations. This work demonstrates that high performance is possible with current cost‐effective graphics processing units across a wide range of operating conditions and describes how performance will likely evolve in similar architectures. It describes the characteristics of the graphics processing unit architecture that enable high‐speed Reed–Solomon coding. A high‐performance practical library, Gibraltar, has been prototyped that performs Reed–Solomon coding on graphics processors in a manner suitable for storage arrays, along with applications with similar data resiliency needs. This library enables variably resilient erasure correcting codes to be used in a broad range of applications. Its performance is compared with that of a widely available CPU implementation, and a rationale for its API is presented. Its practicality is demonstrated through a usage example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application‐specific thread schedulers for distributed applications
Authors: Roper Matthew D. , Olsson Ronald A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper describes our work to improve the performance of distributed applications. We aim at certain application characteristics such as balancing load, allowing separately written applications to work better together, allowing a distributed application to adapt its behavior in more flexible ways, and so on. Our approach is to write application‐specific schedulers, which can access the global state of the application in making scheduling decisions. To achieve this goal, we extended our earlier work on CATAPULTS (Creating And Testing APplication‐specific User Level Thread Schedulers), a domain‐specific language for creating and testing application‐specific user‐level thread schedulers, to distributed applications by adding ‘master schedulers’ for dealing with the distributed parts of applications. This paper presents our design of, experimentation with, and implementation of distributed CATAPULTS. This paper presents several realistic examples to measure the feasibility of this approach, specifically: a website application, an embedded application, and load balancing. Each example has a scheduling goal for which we developed a customized scheduler. We measured the performance with and without the customized scheduler. The customized scheduler for each example was fairly straightforward to develop and each achieved its scheduling goal. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Council‐Based Approaches to Reforming the Health Care Response to Domestic Violence: Promising Findings and Cautionary Tales
Authors: Allen Nicole E. , Larsen Sadie E. , Javdani Shabnam , Lehrner Amy L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCouncils are commonly formed to address social issues including intimate partner violence (IPV). Research suggests that councils may be well positioned to achieve proximal outcomes, but that their success may depend on contextual factors. The current study compared providers and health care settings at two points in time to explore the degree to which the Health Care Council achieved proximal outcomes in the health care response to IPV, including: (a) providers’ reported capacity to screen for IPV, (b) providers’ beliefs about IPV as a health care issue and about the IPV screening process, (c) providers’ screening behaviors and (d) organizational policies and protocols to encourage screening. This study, while preliminary, provides support for council‐based efforts to stimulate change in the health care response to IPV and also highlights the central role that organizational environment plays in shaping desired outcomes.
Tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor‐targeted combined chemotherapy for metastatic bladder cancer
Authors: Wu Chia‐Lun , Ping Szu‐Yuan , Yu Cheng‐Ping , Yu Dah‐Shyong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOverexpression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha is noted during the invasive and metastatic process of transitional cell carcinoma. It will upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and drive proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, and antiapoptotic ability of cancer cells. We proposed that tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, sunitinib malate—(Sutent; Pfizer Inc., Taiwan), combined with chemotherapeutic drug may present synergistic cytotoxic enhancement to transitional cell carcinoma cells with subsequent inhibition of their cellular behaviors, including proliferation, invasiveness, and metastatic activity. The contents of VEGF‐A in mouse bladder tumor cells (MBT‐2) and culture medium were detected by quantification‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot individually. The inhibitory concentrations of various chemotherapeutic drugs, sunitinib, and their combination treatment in MBT‐2 were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Microchamber transmembrane migration assay was applied in evaluation of the inhibitory effects of different dosages of sunitinib and combination treatment on tumor cells. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed after combination therapy by flow cytometry. Variation in apoptotic pathway was elucidated by Western blot using specific antibodies with cleaved PARP and caspase‐3. Metastatic animal model mimicked by tail vein injection of MBT‐2 cells was used to evaluate the treatment efficiency in tumor weight and survival rate. The mRNA and protein level of VEGF‐A in MBT‐2 cells increased by 70% at 48 hours interval under hypoxia stress condition. In MTT assay, MBT‐2 cells had shown the highest sensitivity to epirubicin. Sunitinib combined with epirubicin had shown a synergistic cytotoxic effect to MBT‐2 cells. Sunitinib and its combination with epirubicin showed significant inhibition on MBT‐2 cells migration in microchambers. G2/M phase arrest and increased subG1 in cell cycle was seen in the epirubicin and sunitinib combination treatment group. The activation of apoptosis pathway was confirmed by increased cleaved caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP in MBT‐2 cells. In tail vein tumor inoculation C3H mice model, epirubicin alone and sunitinib combination therapy decreased tumor growth in lungs with marginal effect. Sunitinib and epirubicin combination had shown a synergistic cytotoxic effect and inhibited cell migration ability in MBT‐2 cells. The combination can induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and increase subG1 cells. Metastatic animal study also showed that sunitinib combined with epirubicin has a marginal effect on inhibition of tumor growth of lungs. The tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor‐targeted combined chemotherapy regimen may provide as a new treatment modality for advanced bladder cancer in the future.
Plane Poiseuille flow of miscible layers with different viscosities: instabilities in the Stokes flow regime
Authors: Talon L. , Meiburg E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe investigate the linear stability of miscible, viscosity-layered Poiseuille flow. In the Stokes flow regime, diffusion is observed to have a destabilizing effect very similar to that of inertia in finite-Reynolds-number flows. For two-layer flows, four types of instability can dominate, depending on the interface location. Two interfacial modes exhibit large growth rates, while two additional bulk modes grow more slowly. Three-layer Stokes flows give rise to diffusive modes for each interface. These two diffusive interface modes can be in resonance, thereby enhancing the growth rate. Furthermore, modes without inertia and diffusion are also observed, consistent with a previous long-wave analysis for sharp interfaces. In contrast to that earlier investigation, the present analysis demonstrates that instability can also occur when the more viscous layer is in the centre, at larger wavenumbers.