bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in War-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Enduring Personality Change After Catastrophic Experience (F62.0) a 15-year Follow-up
Authors: Stojakovic M. , Stojakovic B. , Pandzic V. , Vukadinovic S. , Subotic M. , Martinovic M. , Marin R. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:This study was a 15-year follow-up examination. Many patients with F 62.0 and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have symptoms of depression. The authors’ objective is to analyze symptoms of depression in F 62.0 and PTSD.Method:The subjects were 200 male psychiatric patients at a Clinic of psychiatry medical center Banjaluka and psychiatry department of with war-related PTSD. Post traumatic stress syndrom-PTSS scale and 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-HAMD was used to assess state measures of symptom severity; from 3 months to 15 years after returning from the war.Results:The symptoms of prolonged PTSS (with duration between six moths and two years) had been founded at 54%, and 32% of patients had no diagnosis PTSD. The enduring personality change after catastrophic experience (F 62.0) had been found at 14% patients (with duration more than two years), 19% met HAMD Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder.The enduring personality exchange F 62.0 had been found at 8% patients and 16% met HAMD Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder 15 years after returning from the war.Conclusions:The statistical relationship between level of combat exposure and PTSD symptoms at 15 years, suggests that it may take time for the consequences of traumatic exposure to become apparent. Moreover, degree of exposure may be important in predicting the eventual development of symptoms and precipitation of F 62.0 enduring personality exchange. Continued follow-up will address the evolution of PTSD symptoms in war related PTSD.
Psychosocial Adjustment and Assessment of Healthy-related Quality of Life on Children with Newly Diagnosed Cancer and their Family
Authors: Tsai M.H. , Huang Y.-S. , Yang C.-P. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To assess healthy-related quality of life and psychosocial adjustment in children with newly diagnosed cancer and their parents immediately and 6 months after diagnosis and treatment of cancer.Method:A prospective, case control study was conducted on eighty-nine children with newly diagnosed cancer, aged between 6 months to 16.7 years (mean, 8.2 years), and ninety healthy children of matched age group and social background. The children were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the SF-36 questionnaire were administered to their parents immediately after diagnosis of cancer, 3 months after chemotherapy, and 6 months after chemotherapy.Results:No matter at the period immediately after diagnosis of cancer, 3 months or 6 months after starting chemotherapy, the parents of children with cancer scored significantly worse on every domains of SF-36 except body pain and every subscales of PSI except distractibility/hyperactivity and attachment when compared with the control group. The cancer group scored consistently lower on all CBCL syndrome scales than the control group, with anxiety, depression and body pain being significantly different. After starting chemotherapy, the parents reported improved scores on quality of life and decreasing parenting stress in both parent and child domains since 3 months or 6 months after starting chemotherapy.Conclusion:Considerable distress was experienced by both children with newly diagnosed cancer and their parents during the period immediately after diagnosis. However, parents can adjust gradually since 3 months after starting chemotherapy and experience improved quality of life.
Emotional Stress and Primary Hypertension in Adults
Authors: Suliburska J. , Krejpcio Z. , Wojciak R.W. 
Published: March 2009

Psychological factors in the etiology of hypertension is supported by many epidemiological investigations. However, further studies are warranted because inconsistent results of several experimental and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to estimate the exposure and the resistance to emotional stress in hypertensive patients.The 33 subjects with diagnosed primary hypertension (17 women and 16 men, 47.8±12.6 years ) and 29 healthy volunteers (12 women and 17 men, 30.0±11.0 years ) were examined. The exposure and the resistant to emotional stress in the subjects was assayed based on a questionnaire including items to assess sources of stress, occurrence of emotional stress in life periods (from childhood to nowadays) as well as the resistance to stress in the subjects own sense as good, moderate and weak. All the participants had also measured blood pressure.Most of the subjects (80%) were exposed to emotional stress in both groups. Results of the study showed that the main sources of emotional stress in hypertensive subjects were: job (56%), family (74%) and health (56%) while in the healthy: job (50%) and family (79%). The least 11% of healthy people declared health as the main source of stress. It was found that significantly higher percentage of hypertensive subjects declared weak resistance to stress than healthy (55 vs.17%). Analysis of blood pressure didn't show any significant dependence on stress in both studied groups.Based on the obtained results it is justified to conclude that hypertensive patients were less resistant to emotional stress than healthy people.
Stress, Coping, and Comorbidity among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yeh S.-C.J. 
Published: March 2009

Purposes:The primary purposes of this study were 1) to examine relationships among stress, coping and comorbidity and 2) to test the interaction effect of comorbidity.Background:Hemodialysis imposes a variety of physical and psychosocial stressors that challenge patients. Comorbidity is a risk factor for many health outcomes. Research on how comorbidity influences the relationship between coping and stress is limited.Method:In this cross-sectional study using face to face interviews, we interviewed 2642 hemodialysis patients fifteen years or older on dialysis for at least 3 months from October 2002 to January 2003. The Hemodialysis Stressor Scale measured stressors and the Jalowiec Coping Scale were used to measure coping strategies. A hierarchical regression was used to analyze the data.Results:Hemodialysis patients with comorbidities were found to have higher levels of stress. Comorbidity had a moderating effect between choice of problem-oriented responses and isolated thoughts as coping strategies. These findings show that hemodialysis patients with comorbidities often choose positive coping strategies.Conclusion:HD patients with comorbidity have a higher stress scores than those without comorbidities. Comorbidity not only has a direct impact on stress but also has a moderating effect on the relationship between coping and stress. Therefore, taking into account the comorbidity factor became very crucial when assessing the HD patients’ level of stress.
Asymptotic solution for field-line reconnexion. Compressible case of Petschek's model
Authors: Semenov V. S. , Kubyshkin I. V. , Heyn M. F. 
Published: March 2009

For the solution of Petschek's problem of field-line reconnexion, a new method is elaborated which is based on the introduction of a special co-ordinate system in which the streamlines and the magnetic lines of force become co-ordinates simultaneously. We have constructed the zero-order and the first-order approximation (for small Alfvén Mach numbers) for the solution of Petschek's problem in the steady-state, compressible, two-dimensional symmetric case. It is shown that the density across the slow shock wave increases by a factorand the pressure by(β = 8πρ0/B20, γ being the adiabatic exponent), and the plasma accelerates up to the Alfvén velocity. On the bases of the results obtained and of the analysis of numerical experiments on the reconnexion problem we draw the conclusion that during the initial phase of the process there develops a current sheet as described by Syrovatskii and that simultaneously there is a development of the tearing mode instability whose nonlinear phase creates the condition for the reconnexion process in the sense of Petschek.
Soliton formation in magnetized Vlasov plasmas
Authors: Turner J. G. , Boyd T. J. M. 
Published: March 2009

Soliton formation at the upper hybrid frequency has been discussed recently on the basis of warm two-fluid theory. In this paper we report the results of a reductive perturbation theory analysis of the Vlasov equation describing the nonlinear modulation of electrostatic waves in a warm magnetized plasma. This approach allows a treatment of soliton formation with scale lengths of the order of, or less than, the electron Larmor radius rL for both upper hybrid and Bernstein waves. A three-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation has been found. Contributions to the nonlinear frequency shift derive from three distinct processes. One contribution describes the generation of the second harmonic governed by (ω + ω) → 2w where ω is the frequency of the electrostatic carrier; a second arises from the self-interaction between the high-frequency waves (ω + ω → ω + ω) while the third contribution describes the nonlinear coupling between the carrier and the slow background plasma motion.Propagation orthogonal to the magnetic field is studied and leads to a simplified nonlinear Schrodinger equation with cubic nonlinearity, predicting soliton formation at the upper hybrid and cyclotron harmonic frequencies. Expressions for the nonlinear frequency shift coefficient are presented for the upper hybrid and Bernstein modes in the low temperature limit and the relative strengths of the three competing nonlinear processes are compared. For krL ≥ 1·0, numerical analysis shows the dominant nonlinearity to be that arising from the nonlinear wave-particle interaction. The stability of the soliton solution is determined by the relative signs of the dispersion and the nonlinear frequency shift coefficient. Some properties of upper hybrid and Bernstein solitons are examined. In particular the variation of the normalized dispersion and nonlinear frequency shift coefficient with the basic plasma parameters (krL)2 and (ωpe/Ω, is presented, where (ope, fi are the electron plasma frequency and electron gyrofrequency respectively. Regions of instability are identified for both upper hybrid and Bernstein modes. The connection between reductive perturbation theory and previous warm fluid theories is also established.
Anomalous transport due to long-lived fluctuations in plasma Part 2. Hydrodynamic contributions to transport in two-dimensional, strongly magnetized systems
Authors: Krommes John A. , Oberman Carl 
Published: March 2009

The general formalism for treating two-time fluctuations in magnetized plasma, developed in part 1 of this series, is applied to the case of anomalous cross-field transport in 2-D, strongly magnetized, thermal equilibrium systems. For (where εP is the plasma parameter), classical predictions for the ion shear viscosity and test particle diffusion coefficients are dominated by the anomalous contributions of low frequency, long wavelength hydrodynamic fluctuations (convective cells). The anomalous transport is discussed from the points of view of (a) kinetic theory; (b) the assumption of long-time local thermal equilibrium (Landau-Placzek method); and (c) a renormalized mode-coupling version of the generalized Langevin equation. The results of all these approaches are in agreement, and they predict that the transport coefficients scale with magnetic field B as 1/B for, and as independent of B forin good agreement with the computer simulations of Okuda & Dawson. The transport is weakly non-Markovian, the Green-Kubo integrands decay non-classically for long times as [t ln (t)]−½, and the test particle ‘;diffusion’ coefficient does not asymptotically approach a constant for t → ∞.
Structure of shock waves in partially ionized argon
Authors: Shanmugasundaram V. , Murty S. S. R. 
Published: March 2009

A unified picture of the structure of steady, one-dimensional shock waves in partially ionized argon, in the absence of external electric or magnetic field, is presented. The investigation is based on a two-temperature, three-fluid continuum approach, using the Navier–Stokes equations as a model and including non-equilibrium ionization. Quasi charge neutrality and zero velocity slip are assumed. The analysis of the governing equations is based on the method of matched asymptotic expansions and results in the following three layers: (1) a broad thermal layer dominated by electron thermal conduction, (2) an atom-ion (A-I) shock structured by the heavy particle (atoms and ions) collisional dissipative mechanisms and (3) an ionization relaxation layer (IRL) wherein electron- atom inelastic collisions dominate. Solutions have been obtained for the first two orders with respect to a small parameter, which is the ratio of energy fluxes due to heavy particle viscous dissipation and electron thermal conduction. Whereas only electron temperature and electric potential show any marked variation in the thermal layer, the changes in all the variables in both the A-I shock and the IRL are significant.Inclusion of electron thermal conduction terms in the governing equations has been observed to introduce numerical instabilities in the analysis of the IRL. They are circumvented by adopting a regular perturbation scheme with respect to a local small parameter, which has been identified to be the ratio of the freestream degree of ionization to the nondimensional characteristic temperature for first ionization. Numerical results show that the effect of electron thermal conduction on the IRL profiles is significant. Results in the form of tables and figures are presented for five sets of equilibrium free-stream conditions.
Coding of sounds in lower levels of the auditory system
Authors: Møller Aage R. 
Published: March 2009

The great number of investigations and advanced developments in neurophysiology and psychoacoustics during recent years have extensively increased our knowledge about the frequency analysis of simple sounds in the peripheral auditory system.New methods have facilitated quantitative measurements of the amplitude of the submicroscopic vibration of a narrow segment of the basilar membrane in anaesthetized animals at physiological sound intensities. The results of these studies have quantitatively confirmed the results of past studies by showing that the basilar membrane has a selectivity with regard to tone frequency. In addition to this, the recent studies have increased our knowledge about the finer details of vibration of the basilar membrane. At the lowest levels used in the recent investigations, i.e. about 70 dB SPL, the selectivity in the 7 kHz region of the basilar membrane was found to be greater than expected on the basis of extrapolation of older data. Moreover, the high frequency slope of the tuning curves of the basilar membrane was found to be particularly steep. The results of these recent studies, furthermore, showed that the basilar membrane vibrates in a non-linear way at intensities within the physiological range. This non-linearity results in a broadening of the selectivity curves of a narrow segment of the basilar membrane when the sound intensity is increased.Little is known as to how the motion of the basilar membrane is transformed to excitation of the cochlear sensory cells, i.e. the haircells. The excitation may be related to displacement, spatial differentiation or other transformations of the basilar membrane motion. Recording from the interior of mammalian haircells has so far been unsuccessful, and the neural excitatory process within the haircells in the cochlea is as yet practically unknown. Studies of the haircells in the lateral line organ of fish have provided fundamental knowledge about their excitation; since they in many respects resemble those in the mammalian cochlea, the results very probably can be applied to the excitatory process in the mammalian cochlea.
A novel parallel approach to the likelihood-based estimation of admixture in population genetics
Authors: Giovannini Ambra , Zanghirati Gaetano , Beaumont Mark A. , Chikhi Lounès , Barbujani Guido 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Summary: Inferring population admixture from genetic data and quantifying it is a difficult but crucial task in evolutionary and conservation biology. Unfortunately state-of-the-art probabilistic approaches are computationally demanding. Effectively exploiting the computational power of modern multiprocessor systems can thus have a positive impact to Monte Carlo-based simulation of admixture modeling. A novel parallel approach is briefly described and promising results on its message passing interface (MPI)-based C++ implementation are reported.
Availability: The software package parLEA is freely available at http://dm.unife.it/parlea.
Contact: ambra.giovannini@unife.it
Supplementary information: Additional information, including instructions for installation/use the original sequential LEA code and the data used in this paper, are also available in the web site.
Site of metabolism prediction for six biotransformations mediated by cytochromes P450
Authors: Zheng Mingyue , Luo Xiaomin , Shen Qiancheng , Wang Yong , Du Yun , Zhu Weiliang , Jiang Hualiang 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Motivation: One goal of metabolomics is to define and monitor the entire metabolite complement of a cell, while it is still far from reach since systematic and rapid approaches for determining the biotransformations of newly discovered metabolites are lacking. For drug development, such metabolic biotransformation of a new chemical entity (NCE) is of more interest because it may profoundly affect its bioavailability, activity and toxicity profile. The use of in silico methods to predict the site of metabolism (SOM) in phase I cytochromes P450-mediated reactions is usually a starting point of metabolic pathway studies, which may also assist in the process of drug/lead optimization.
Results: This article reports the Cytochromes P450 (CYP450)-mediated SOM prediction for the six most important metabolic reactions by incorporating the use of machine learning and semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations. Non-local models were developed on the basis of a large dataset comprising 1858 metabolic reactions extracted from 1034 heterogeneous chemicals. For validation, the overall accuracies of all six reaction types are higher than 0.81, four of which exceed 0.90. In further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, each of the SOM model gave a significant area under curve (AUC) value over 0.86, indicating a good predicting power. An external test was made on a previously published dataset, of which 80% of the experimentally observed SOMs can be correctly identified by applying the full set of our SOM models.
Availability: The program package SOME_v1.0 (Site Of Metabolism Estimator) developed based on our models is available at http://www.dddc.ac.cn/adme/myzheng/SOME_1_0.tar.gz.
Contact: xmluo@mail.shcnc.ac.cn; hljiang@mail.shcnc.ac.cn
Evolutionary construction of multiple graph alignments for the structural analysis of biomolecules
Authors: Fober Thomas , Mernberger Marco , Klebe Gerhard , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe concept of multiple graph alignment (MGA) has recently been introduced as a novel method for the structural analysis of biomolecules. Using approximate graph matching techniques, this method enables the robust identification of approximately conserved patterns in biologically related structures. In particular, MGA enables the characterization of functional protein families independent of sequence or fold homology. This article first recalls the concept of MGA and then addresses the problem of computing optimal alignments from an algorithmic point of view. In this regard, a method from the field of evolutionary algorithms is proposed and empirically compared with a hitherto existing heuristic approach. Empirically, it is shown that the former yields significantly better results than the latter, albeit at the cost of an increased runtime.Contact: eyke@mathematik.uni-marburg.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SimMLST: simulation of multi-locus sequence typing data under a neutral model
Authors: Didelot Xavier , Lawson Daniel , Falush Daniel 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Summary: Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) is a widely used method of characterization of bacterial isolates. It has been applied to over 50 000 isolates in over 50 different species. Here, we present a coalescent method to jointly simulate MLST data and the clonal genealogy that gave rise to the sample.
Availability and Implementation: SimMLST was implemented in C++and Qt4 for the graphical user interface. It is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Source code and binaries for Windows and Linux are available from http://go.warwick.ac.uk/SimMLST. A user guide and a technical description of the algorithm are provided with the program.
Contact: X.Didelot@warwick.ac.uk
The evaluation of two management strategies for the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock fishery under climate change
Authors: A’mar Z. Teresa , Punt André E. , Dorn Martin W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A’mar, Z. T., Punt, A. E., and Dorn, M. W. 2009. The evaluation of two management strategies for the Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock fishery under climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1614–1632. Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is the process of using simulation testing with feedback to examine the robustness of candidate management strategies to error and uncertainty. The structure of the management strategy can be selected to attempt to satisfy desired (but conflicting) management objectives. MSE was used to assess the performance of the current management strategy and an alternative management strategy (the “dynamic B0” strategy) for the fishery for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), when age-1 recruitment was driven by climate. The relationships between age-1 abundance and climate indices (and the uncertainties associated with these relationships) were characterized within an age-structured operating model that was fitted to the data for GOA walleye pollock. Projections into the future were based on the fitted relationships and predictions of those indices from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models, using the current or the alternative management strategy to determine catch limits. Management performance (the ability to leave the stock close to the management reference level and achieve high and stable catches) deteriorated when age-1 recruitment was forced by climate, although stocks were kept near the reference level on average. In addition, the ability to estimate management-related quantities, such as spawning biomass, deteriorated markedly when recruitment was forced by climate. Performance was sensitive to the choice of IPCC dataset and, in particular, estimation and management performance was poorest (outcomes most variable) for the IPCC datasets that led to the greatest variation in recruitment to the fishery. Although basing management on a “dynamic B0” management strategy led to improved management and estimation performance, the magnitude of the improvement was slight.