bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenesis of gonadal aromatase gene expression in atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) Populations with genetic and temperature‐dependent sex determination
Authors: Duffy Tara A. , Picha Matthew E. , Won Eugene T. , Borski Russell J. , McElroy Anne E. , Conover David O. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), an enzyme that converts testosterone to 17β‐estradiol, is an important mediator of sex determination in teleosts with genetic sex determination (GSD) and temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD). We compared the ontogenetic expression of P450arom in two populations of Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia, which exhibit TSD (South Carolina) or GSD (Nova Scotia, Canada) using quantitative, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Embryos and newly hatched larvae were reared at an intermediate sex ratio‐producing temperature (21°C), and older larvae and juveniles were reared at temperatures that feminize (15°C) and masculinize (28°C) to assess the temperature response of P450arom during development. Before sex determination, embryos and newly‐hatched larvae displayed negligible P450arom expression, indicating minimal upregulation of this gene before sex determination. Gene expression increased in both populations during sex differentiation. Nova Scotia fish with GSD exhibited presumptive male‐ and female‐like expression levels during early sex differentiation that were not influenced by temperature. South Carolina fish displayed low levels of expression at 28oC with significantly heightened expression in some individuals at 15°C, indicating that P450arom is temperature sensitive in the population with TSD. Populations also differed in the timing and maximal levels of P450arom expression, with fish from Nova Scotia exhibiting both the highest and earliest increase in expression in presumptive females. Our results support the hypothesis that P450arom is involved in female sex differentiation in this species, but is only responsive to temperature in M. menidia populations that exhibit TSD. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:421–431, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A detailed micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of wall paintings of the period AD 100–200: effect of atmospheric conditions on the alteration of samples
Authors: Cristini Odile , Kinowski Christophe , Turrell Sylvia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, optical microscopy and micro‐Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical compositions of the materials used in the preparatory and pictorial layers of wall paintings from four different sites of the Roman Empire of first to second century AD. The use of UV excitation for the Raman work for the study of the preparatory layers made it possible to overcome the problems of fluorescence. The fresco technique, revealed by the presence of calcite in the Greek and Roman samples, was not used for the Gallo–Roman works. The studies indicated that the same compounds were used for red and green pigments throughout the Roman Empire: red ocher (hematite) and green earths (celadonite, in the case of the Gallo–Roman fragments). It is shown that the impact of the atmosphere on the sample surface is very important, because the only fragments to have suffered identifiable deterioration are those from the ‘open‐air humid room’ in Kenchreai. The presence of gypsum in these samples in the absence of pigment indicates the implication of SO2 in the deterioration and makes it possible to suggest that the pigments in the pictorial layer can serve as a protection for the calcite preparatory layers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XRP6258‐induced gene expression patterns in head and neck cancer carcinoma
Authors: Yoo George H. , Kafri Zyed , Ensley John F. , Lonardo Fulvio , Kim Harold , Folbe Adam J. , Won Joshua , Stevens Timothy , Lin Ho‐Sheng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:XRP6258 is a novel taxoid, which has antitumor activity in preclinical mouse orthotopic and human xenograft cancer models. However, limited XRP6258 studies have been performed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells (HNSCC). The objective of this study is to identify the antitumor activity of XRP6258 in HNSCC cell line models.Methods:HNSCC cells (HN30 and HN12) were exposed to either XRP6258 or docetaxel. XRP6258‐induced growth suppression, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were measured. Further, XRP6258‐induced expression patterns of selected genes were compared to docetaxel‐induced expression patterns using Western blot analysis.Results:XRP6258 suppressed proliferation and induced G2M arrest and apoptosis in both of the cell lines tested. XRP6258 and docetaxel produced similar alteration in the expression of cell cycle regulators, such as cyclin A and cyclin B1. The expression of E2F and EGFR were decreased in both XRP6258 and docetaxel‐treated HNSCC cells. Finally, XRP6258 induced a greater level of bcl2 phosphorylation than docetaxel in HN12 cell line.Conclusions:XRP6258 appeared to have a similar mechanism of action as docetaxel in the two HNSCC cell lines studied. XRP6258 induced cell cycle arrest, growth suppression, and apoptosis by altering gene expression patterns similar to that induced by docetaxel. These preclinical experiments suggest that XRP6258 may be useful in treating HNSCC, and the aforementioned genes can potentially be used as surrogate endpoint biomarkers. Laryngoscope, 120:1114–1119, 2010
Elective neck dissection during salvage surgery for locally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after radiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation
Authors: Dagan Roi , Morris Christopher G. , Kirwan Jessica M. , Werning John W. , Vaysberg Mikhail , Amdur Robert J. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To define the role of elective neck dissection during salvage surgery for locally recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) initially treated with elective nodal irradiation (ENI).Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:We reviewed the medical records of patients treated with ENI at our institution from 1965 to 2006 for T1‐4 N0 M0 SCCA of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx who developed an isolated local recurrence and remained N0. Fifty‐seven patients were salvaged, 40 with neck dissection and 17 with neck observation. We then compared toxicity and actuarial outcomes between the two groups. Results were compared to the pertinent literature in a pooled analysis.Results:Four of 46 (9%) heminecks were found to have occult metastases in dissected specimens. The 5‐year local‐regional control rate was 75% for all patients. Neck dissection resulted in poorer outcomes compared with observation. In the dissected group, the 5‐year local control, regional control, cause‐specific survival, and overall survival rates were 71%, 87%, 60%, and 45%, respectively, compared to 82%, 94%, 92%, and 56%, respectively, for the observed group. Toxicity was more likely with dissection. In the pooled analysis totaling 230 patients, the overall pathologic positive rate of neck‐dissection specimens was 9.6%; the compiled data showed no improvement in outcomes when salvage included neck dissection.Conclusions:Routine elective neck dissection should not be included during salvage surgery for locally recurrent head and neck SCCA if initial radiotherapy includes ENI. The risk of occult neck disease is low, outcomes do not improve, and the likelihood of toxicity increases. Laryngoscope, 2010
Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase and chitotriosidase in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Cho Woo Sung , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Heung Man , Lee Seung Hoon , Lee Sung Ho , Yoo Joon Hyuk , Kim Yeon Soo , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) has emerged as an important mediator of allergic asthma in both animal models and in humans. Recently, chitotriosidase has been suggested to play a role in innate immunity because of its phagocytic‐specific expression. Thus, AMCase and chitotriosidase may play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic nasal mucosa. The expression and pattern of distribution of AMCase and chitotriosidase were, therefore, determined in normal and allergic nasal mucosa.Study Design:Controlled, prospective study.Methods:Normal inferior turbinate mucosa was obtained in patients who were admitted for augmentation rhinoplasty. Allergic turbinate mucosa was obtained from patients who had perennial allergic rhinitis during septo‐turbinate surgery. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were applied to the normal and allergic nasal mucosa.Results:The expression of AMCase and chitotriosidase mRNAs and proteins analyzed by RT‐PCR and Western blot were detected in all normal and allergic turbinate mucosa tested. The levels of expression of AMCase and chitotriosidase mRNAs and proteins were increased in allergic turbinate mucosa compared with normal turbinate mucosa. In both normal and allergic turbinate mucosa, AMCase and chitotriosidase were detected in the epithelium, inflammatory cells, and submucosal glands. The staining intensity for AMCase and chitotriosidase was stronger in allergic nasal mucosa than normal nasal mucosa.Conclusions:AMCase and chitotriosidase are constitutively expressed in normal turbinate mucosa, suggesting involvement in defense against chitin‐containing pathogens. Upregulation of these chitinases in allergic condition suggests that they may play a role in the nasal allergic reaction like other inflammatory mediators in allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope, 2010
The bioflavonoid compound, sinupret, stimulates transepithelial chloride transport in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Virgin Frank , Zhang Shaoyan , Schuster Daniel , Azbell Christopher , Fortenberry James , Sorscher Eric J. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Dehydration of airway surface liquid (ASL) disrupts normal mucociliary clearance in sinonasal epithelium leading to chronic rhinosinusitis. Abnormal chloride (Cl−) transport is one mechanism that contributes to this disorder, as demonstrated by the disease cystic fibrosis. Identifying safe compounds that stimulate transepithelial Cl− transport is critical to improving hydration of the ASL and promoting mucociliary transport. Sinupret (Bionorica, LLC, San Clemente, CA), a combination of naturally occurring bioflavonoids, is a widely used treatment for respiratory ailments in Europe. However, the effects of Sinupret on target respiratory epithelium have yet to be fully investigated. The present study evaluated the mechanisms underlying this bioflavonoid therapeutic on transepithelial Cl− transport in respiratory epithelium.Study Design:In vitro and in vivo investigation.Methods:Well characterized murine nasal septal epithelial (MNSE) cultures, and murine nasal potential difference (NPD) techniques were used to evaluate the effects of Sinupret on Cl− secretion.Results:The change in Sinupret‐stimulated current (Δ ISC expressed as μA/cm2) in MNSE, representing Cl− secretion, was significantly increased when compared to controls (19.04 ± 1.67 μA/cm2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.35 μA/cm2, respectively; P = .00005). Transepithelial Cl− transport measured in the murine NPD in vivo assay (n = 42) was also significantly enhanced when compared to controls (−0.8 mV vs. −0.9 mV; P = .0004). Importantly, Sinupret‐stimulated Cl− transport was substantially more robust in vivo than forskolin, a compound among the strongest known cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activators (−3.8 mV vs. −1.65 mV; P = .01).Conclusions:Sinupret strongly activates transepithelial Cl− secretion through a mechanism known to hydrate the ASL of respiratory epithelium. This is one means by which the medication is likely to exert therapeutic benefit. Laryngoscope, 2010
Graph Kernels for Molecular Similarity
Authors: Rupp Matthias , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMolecular similarity measures are important for many cheminformatics applications like ligand‐based virtual screening and quantitative structure‐property relationships. Graph kernels are formal similarity measures defined directly on graphs, such as the (annotated) molecular structure graph. Graph kernels are positive semi‐definite functions, i.e., they correspond to inner products. This property makes them suitable for use with kernel‐based machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines and Gaussian processes. We review the major types of kernels between graphs (based on random walks, subgraphs, and optimal assignments, respectively), and discuss their advantages, limitations, and successful applications in cheminformatics.
Vanadocene arsenate complexes: evidence of super‐hyperfine coupling with 75As
Authors: Honzíček Jan , Vinklárek Jaromír , Kratochvíl Pavel , Hrbáč Jan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reaction of vanadocene dichloride with sodium arsenate gives Cp2V(O2AsO2H). This compound was identified on the basis of the super‐hyperfine coupling observed in the solution EPR spectrum. The effect of substitution was studied on the ring‐substituted and ansa‐bridged compounds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterocyclic analogs of xanthiones: 5,6‐fused 3‐methyl‐1‐phenylpyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H) thiones—synthesis and NMR (1H, 13C, 15N) data
Authors: Huemer Valerie , Eller Gernot A. , Holzer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVarious [5,6]pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐thiones were synthesized in high yields by treatment of the corresponding [5,6]pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐ones with Lawesson's reagent. Detailed NMR spectroscopic studies were undertaken of the title compounds. Complete and unambiguous assignment of chemical shifts (1H, 13C, 15N) and coupling constants (1H,1H; 13C,1H) was achieved by the combined application of various one‐ and two‐dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR spectroscopic techniques. Unequivocal mapping of most 13C,1H spin coupling constants is accomplished by 2D (δ, J) long‐range INEPT spectra with selective excitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manifestations of systemic sclerosis necessitate a holistic approach to patient care: a case report
Authors: Moots Robert J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis case describes a young woman with manifestations of systemic sclerosis in multiple organ systems and her guidance through two successful pregnancies. This case emphasizes that patients with severe diseases are not just clinical cases; they each have unique needs and concerns beyond the physical manifestations of their disease. Young patients can be a particular challenge due to their need for independence. Communication is the key. Textbook advice in this case was that the risks posed by pregnancy were too great; however, a holistic approach, including frank discussion and much practical support, enabled the patient to make informed choices about her life, with a successful outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trägerfixierte Metallocene: Eine neue Katalysatorgeneration für die Polyolefin‐Produktion
Authors: Steinmetz Bernd , Zechlin Joachim , Przybyla Christian , Tesche Bernd , Fink Gerhard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie seit Jahren intensiv untersuchten homogenen Metallocen–Katalysatoren für die Polyolefin‐Produktion weisen gegenüber den konventionellen Ziegler‐Systemen deutliche Vorteile bezüglich der Variationsmöglichkeiten der Mikrostruktur und damit der Eigenschaften der erzeugten Polymere auf. Sie müssen allerdings für den industriellen Einsatz auf Trägermaterialien immobilisiert werden. Welchen Einflüssen dabei Polymerisationskinetik, Polymerwachstum und Polymermorphologie sowie die entscheidende Partikelfragmentierung ausgesetzt sind, wird in diesem Beitrag geschildert und in einem Modell zusammengefaßt
Neue Techniken zum Gentransfer in Eukaryontenzellen
Authors: Weber Martin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSeit Millionen von Jahren optimieren Viren ihre Strategien zum Einbringen ihrer genetischen Information in eukaryontische Wirtszellen. Nur effiziente und immer wieder verbesserte Eindringmechanismen ermöglichten während dieser Zeit das “Überleben” der momentan existierenden Virusstämme als Zellparasiten. Um effiziente nichtvirale Vektoren zu entwickeln, orientiert sich die Gentechnik immer stärker an diesen Stratgien.
GABAA‐Rezeptorsubtyp‐Spezifität von Benzodiazepinen
Authors: Maelicke Alfred 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEine Punktmutation in der α1‐Untereinheit des GABAA‐Rezeptors bei Mäusen verhindert, dass die durch GABA induzierte Cl‐‐Kanalaktivität dieses Subtyp weiterhin durch klassische Benzodiazepine modulierbar ist: Mäuse, die mit dem mutierten Gen ausgestattet sind, zeigen nicht mehr die beruhigende und angstlösende Wirkung der Benzodiazepine. Die Wirkung dieser allosterischen Modulatoren ist daher Rezeptorsubtyp‐spezifisch, was die Hoffnung eröffnet, dass selektive Benzodiazepine entwickelt werden können.
ChemOffice Ultra 2000 Teil 1: ChemDraw und Add‐Ons
Authors: Ihlenfeldt Wolf–Dieter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNeben dem Klassiker ChemDraw vertreibt Cambridge Soft eine ganze Reihe weiterer Programme, vorwiegend gebündelt. Die neueste Ausgabe des ChemOffice‐Pakets enthält neben ChemDraw noch das Modellierungsprogramm Chem3D und die Datenbank ChemFinder; diese beiden Programme werden in der nächsten Ausgabe der „Nachrichten”︁ besprochen.
Chemiestandort Leuna ‐international und mittelständisch
Authors: Hauthal Hermann G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNeben dem marktgerechten Ausbau traditioneller Produktlinien werden am Chemiestandort Leuna heute bereits viele neue Erzeugnisse vor allem der Spezialchemie hergestellt. Die modernste Raffinerie Europas, die Verfügbarkeit chemischer Grundstoffe und technischer Gase, eine leistungsfähige, hochmoderne Infrastruktur und der interessante Mix aus internationalen Großunternehmen und mittelständischen Firmen bieten beste Voraussetzungen für die Ansiedlung neuer Investoren.
Modelling the flow of self‐compacting concrete
Authors: Kulasegaram S. , Karihaloo B. L. , Ghanbari A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA Lagrangian particle‐based method, smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is used in this paper to model the flow of self‐compacting concretes (SCC) with or without short steel fibres. An incompressible SPH method is presented to simulate the flow of such non‐Newtonian fluids whose behaviour is described by a Bingham‐type model, in which the kink in the shear stress vs shear strain rate diagram is first appropriately smoothed out. The viscosity of the SCC is predicted from the measured viscosity of the paste using micromechanical models in which the second phase aggregates are treated as rigid spheres and the short steel fibres as slender rigid bodies. The basic equations solved in the SPH are the incompressible mass conservation and Navier–Stokes equations. The solution procedure uses prediction–correction fractional steps with the temporal velocity field integrated forward in time without enforcing incompressibility in the prediction step. The resulting temporal velocity field is then implicitly projected on to a divergence‐free space to satisfy incompressibility through a pressure Poisson equation derived from an approximate pressure projection. The results of the numerical simulation are benchmarked against actual slump tests carried out in the laboratory. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with test results, thus demonstrating the capability of SPH and a proper rheological model to predict SCC flow and mould‐filling behaviour. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell to node projections: An assessment of error
Authors: Goumiri Imene R. , Prevost Jean H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractReservoir simulators typically use cell‐centered finite volume schemes and do not model directly the coupling of the flow processes with the geomechanics. Coupling of geomechanics with fluid flow can be important in many cases, but introducing fully coupled geomechanical effects in those simulators is not a trivial issue, because the geomechanics is better done by using the Galerkin vertex‐centered finite element methods by which the solid displacements are computed at the vertices of the cells. This creates difficulties in interfacing cell variables with nodal variables. Uncoupled or loosely coupled models are used by many researchers/practitioners by which a reservoir model is coupled to a geomechanical model by staggering in‐time flow and deformation via a sophisticated interface that repeatedly calls first flow and then mechanics. The method therefore requires projection of the reservoir cell variables onto the nodes of the geomechanics Galerkin finite element mesh.In this note, we attempt to quantify the errors associated with cell to node projection operations. For that purpose, we use a simple model of the pressure equation for a heterogeneous medium in one dimension. We are able to derive theexactanalytical solution for this problem for both nodal and cell pressures. This allows us to compute the errors due to projection analytically, function of meshing refinement and permeability field variations. We compute upper and lower bounds for the errors, and analyze their magnitude for a variety of cases. We conclude that, in general, cell to node projection operations lead to substantial errors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Animal models and their use in understanding lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Fry C.H. , Daneshgari F. , Thor K. , Drake M. , Eccles R. , Kanai A.J. , Birder L.A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis review will highlight appropriate animal models for the study of a number of disorders involving changes to lower urinary tract function. A major hurdle to the development of animal models for human lower urinary tract disorders is that the clinical pathophysiology of the latter mostly remain idiopathic. Acute injury/inflammation of otherwise healthy animals has often been used to study effects on a target tissue/organ. However, these “acute” models may not adequately address the characteristics of “chronic” visceral disorders. In addition, the relevance of observed changes following acute injury/inflammation, in terms of possible therapeutic targets, may not reflect that which occurs in the human condition. We have therefore emphasized the situations when animal models are required to investigate lower urinary tract disorders and what they should set out to achieve. In particular we have discussed the merits and disadvantages of a number of paradigms that set out to investigate specific lower urinary tract disorders or situations associated with these conditions. These include animal models of overactive bladder, stress urinary incontinence, ageing and congenital defects of the urinary tract and bladder pain syndrome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:603–608, 2010. Copyright © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female pelvic surgical devices and techniques need better evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Staskin David , Khullar Vik 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe adoption of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) recommendations in female pelvic surgical technique and surgical device intervention is contingent upon the availability of EBM and the willingness and ability of practitioners to accept and implement the recommendations. It can be assumed that there is virtually no disagreement among either the practitioners or the experts who practice the craft with regard to the benefits of applying scientific and clinical data that can be obtained from prior and ongoing experience to the selection of current treatments. However, there is significant controversy regarding the existence of adequate “evidence” and the mechanism for developing and applying the recommendations that can be distilled from the available data. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:670–675, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.