bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Stipa bungeana and Pennisetum flaccidum to urine of sheep in steppe grassland of north‐western China
Authors: Yu Y. W. , Nan Z. B. , Hou F. J. , Matthew C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUrine [12·3 g nitrogen (N) L−1], collected from native Tan sheep in rangeland of the Loess Plateau in north‐western China, was applied to vegetation patches dominated by Stipa bungeana (C3 grass) or Pennisetum flaccidum, (C4 grass) at either 0, 1·0, 2·0 or 4·0 L urine m−2 in early‐, mid‐, or late‐growing season, and herbage mass and tiller number per sample recorded, allowing calculation of the respective contributions of increases in tiller weight and tiller density to the response from N in urine. Such records were made three times in the growing season of application of urine, and at the end of the following growing season. Responses to urine were of the order of 1 and 5 kg herbage DM kg−1 N applied for S. bungeana and P. flaccidum, respectively. Except for early‐season application, responses of S. bungeana were mainly expressed in the season following urine application whereas responses of P. flaccidum tended to be expressed within the year of urine application, although with a residual response in the following year. The general pattern was for a tiller density‐mediated response in the period immediately after application, followed later by a tiller weight‐mediated response. Taken together with other recent research, S. bungeana can be considered a stress‐tolerating species with a limited response to N application and P. flaccidum an opportunist species able to capitalize on increased N supply.
Efficiency of T‐cell costimulation by CD80 and CD86 cross‐linking correlates with calcium entry
Authors: Thiel Markus , Wolfs Melodie‐Jo , Bauer Stefan , Wenning Anna S. , Burckhart Tanja , Schwarz Eva C. , Scott Andrew M. , Renner Christoph , Hoth Markus 
Published: October 2009

SummaryCostimulation is a fundamental principle of T‐cell activation. In addition to T‐cell receptor engagement, the interaction between CD80 and/or CD86 with CD28 and/or cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) receptors is required to regulate T‐cell activation and tolerance. While the importance of costimulation is clearly established, the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. We demonstrate that T‐cell proliferation and the ability of CD8+ T‐effector cells to kill were enhanced slightly by CD80 but dramatically by CD86 costimulation. To further analyse the cellular process of costimulation, we developed a single‐cell assay to analyse Ca2+ signals following costimulation with bi‐specific antibodies. We found that this stimulation method worked in every human T‐cell that was analysed, making it one of the most efficient T‐cell activation methods to date for primary human T cells. The enhanced proliferation and killing by costimulation was paralleled by an increase of Ca2+ influx following CD86 costimulation and it was dependent on CD28/CTLA‐4 expression. The enhanced Ca2+ influx following CD86 costimulation was abrogated by an antibody that interfered with CD28 function. The differences in Ca2+ influx between CD80 and CD86 costimulation were not dependent on the depletion of Ca2+ stores but were eliminated by the application of 10 μm 2‐aminoethyldiphenyl borate which has recently been shown to enhance stromal interaction molecule 2 (STIM2)‐dependent Ca2+ entry while reducing STIM1‐dependent Ca2+ entry. Our data indicate that differences in the efficiency of costimulation are linked to differences in Ca2+ entry.
Women’s experiences with vaginal pessary use
Authors: Storey Sandra , Aston Megan , Price Sheri , Irving Linda , Hemmens Erin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle. Women’s experiences with vaginal pessary use.Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the lived experiences of women using vaginal pessaries for the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) and/or pelvic organ prolapse.Background. The use of a vaginal pessary offers a non‐surgical treatment option to provide physical support to the bladder and internal organs. As the literature asserts, a woman’s choice to use a pessary is very individual and involves not only physical, but also psychological and emotional considerations.Method. Narrative inquiry was used to conduct face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews in 2007 with 11 postmenopausal women who accessed services from a Urogynecology Clinic in Eastern Canada.Findings. The women’s stories revealed that living with a pessary is a life‐changing experience and an ongoing learning process. The women’s comfort level and confidence in caring for the device figured prominently in their experiences. Psychosocial support provided by the clinic nurses also played a primary role in the women’s experiences.Conclusion. Women and healthcare professionals need to be aware of the personal isolation and embarrassment, and social and cultural implications that urinary incontinence may cause as well as the subjective experiences of using a pessary. With appropriate support, vaginal pessaries can provide women with the freedom to lead active, engaged and social lives.
Reporting behaviours of nursing students who have experienced verbal abuse
Authors: Ferns Terry , Meerabeau Elizabeth 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  Reporting behaviours of nursing students who have experienced verbal abuse. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring the reporting behaviours of nursing students who had experienced verbal abuse while gaining clinical experience.Background.  Under‐reporting of incidents of verbal abuse has been identified internationally as a limitation leading to incomplete data collection when researching aggression in healthcare facilities. This can call into question conclusions, recommendations and policy initiatives based on the research.Method.  Questionnaires were distributed in 2005 to a convenience sample of 156 third year nursing students from one preregistration nursing programme in England. A total of 114 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 73·0%. Fifty‐one students (44·7%) reported verbal abuse and all of these gave details of the behaviours concerned.Results.  Thirty‐two students (62·7%) of those reporting verbal abuse) stated that they had reported the incident and 19 (37·3%) of respondents stated that they had not. Only four incidents resulted in formal documentation. The most frequent feelings reported by respondents were embarrassment and feeling sorry for the abuser.Conclusion.  Failure to document experiences of verbal abuse formally was prevalent and reporting practices were variable. Both higher education institutions and healthcare providers should consider establishing process for formal reporting and documenting of incidents of verbal abuse during nurse education, and students should have access to formal support services.
The experiences of mothers in breastfeeding their very low birth weight infants
Authors: Lee Tzu‐Ying , Lee Ting‐Ting , Kuo Su‐Chen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  The experiences of mothers in breastfeeding their very low birth weight infants. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of the breastfeeding experience of mothers of very low birth weight babies.Background.  Very low birth weight babies, being born preterm, are at risk for feeding difficulties. Medical complications may prolong their hospital stays and further delay their progression towards oral feeding. Many studies have focused on the benefits of breastfeeding to very low birth weight babies, but very few have explored the breastfeeding experiences of their mothers.Method.  Data were collected between 2005 and 2007. In‐depth interviews were conducted during home visits with 31 mothers who breastfed their very low birth weight babies. Following her baby’s discharge from hospital, each mother was interviewed twice about her breastfeeding experience. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Findings.  Five themes were identified from the mothers’ reports: wanting to compensate, maintaining motivation and connectedness, needing ‘extra helping hands’, controlling emotions and matching baby’s individual pace. Mothers’ self‐blaming provoked them to breastfeed their very low birth weight babies to compensate babies for the harm caused by them. These mothers learned how to express breast milk and this served as an important vehicle that gradually connected them to their babies.Conclusion.  Breastfeeding a very low birth weight baby is a challenging and exhausting experience for the mother. A better teaching protocol for breastfeeding and an improved breastfeeding ethos need to be implemented in the neonatal intensive care unit and special care nursery to support families of very low birth weight infants.
Pressure ulcer development in older residents in nursing homes: influencing factors
Authors: Kwong Enid Wai‐yung , Pang Samantha Mei‐che , Aboo Gloria Halima , Law Susan Siu‐ming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  Pressure ulcer development in older residents in nursing homes: influencing factors. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study assessing pressure ulcer incidence and factors affecting pressure ulcer development among older nursing home residents.Background.  Previous researchers have shown that demographic, clinical, health status, risk and human resources factors affect pressure ulcer development among older people in various healthcare settings, but none has investigated their interactive effects among older nursing home residents.Method.  This was a prospective cohort study involving 346 residents aged 65 years or over from four private nursing homes in Hong Kong. We collected information on participant demographics and assessed their clinical characteristics, health status and pressure ulcer risk factors. Subsequently, we assessed their skin condition every 2 days for 4 weeks to detect pressure ulcers that developed after the initial assessment. The data were collected between December 2006 and September 2007.Results.  The pressure ulcer incidence was 25·16%. The model in which the factors of clinical characteristics, health status, pressure ulcer risk and human resources were controlled was more reliable in predicting pressure ulcer development than the other two models. It showed that bedfast or chairfast residents, especially those with co‐morbidities (renal failure and stroke) and living in nursing homes where there were no nurses but more nursing assistants, were at higher risk for pressure ulcer development.Conclusion.  Evidence‐based interventions should be adopted to minimize the possible problems of pressure, malnutrition, friction and shear force, and the decreased pain perception of bedfast or chairfast residents in nursing homes, especially those with renal failure or stroke.
Medication‐free colonoscopy – factors related to pain and its assessment
Authors: Ylinen Eeva‐Riitta , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Hannila Marja‐Leena , Heikkinen Markku 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  Medication‐free colonoscopy – factors related to pain and its assessment. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to determine the possibility of performing colonoscopy without medication, elucidate the factors related to a painful colonoscopy experience and compare colonoscopy patients’ reported pain assessment to nurses’ and endoscopists’ observations.Background.  Sedation and pain medication are routinely administered for colonoscopies in many countries. However, medication‐free colonoscopies have attracted attention because the use of medication requires a time commitment from patients and increases complications. Earlier studies show that, for instance, gender, age and pelvic operations may increase the risk of painful colonoscopy and those healthcare professionals and patients appear to assess pain differently.Method.  A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted in a Finnish university hospital using questionnaires developed for this study and analysed statistically. The sample of 138 colonoscopy patients, 11 nurses and 11 endoscopists was recruited in 2006.Results.  Over three‐quarters of patients reported mild pain or no pain at all. Patients’ nervousness is a risk factor for experiencing pain during colonoscopy. Both nurses and endoscopists slightly underestimated the intensity of pain experienced by patients.Conclusion.  It is possible to perform colonoscopy without medication with most patients and focus sedation and pain medication on at‐risk patients, especially those who are nervous. Before the procedure, nurses must devote time to discovering which patients are nervous and at risk of having a painful colonoscopy to present them for sedation. To improve pain management for patients having colonoscopy, endoscopists and nurses should participate systematically in pain education and use pain scales.
‘Being a Chameleon’: labour processes of male nurses performing bodywork
Authors: Fisher Murray J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  ‘Being a Chameleon’: labour processes of male nurses performing bodywork. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study examining the labour processes of male nurses in the conduct of bodywork, and is part of a broader study of social practices that configure masculinity through the lives of male nurses.Background.  Bodywork is defined as the direct work on others' bodies, and involves interactions of bodies and the control of emotions. As the body is an arena in which social practice occurs then bodywork is a form of social engagement. Bodywork is inextricably intertwined with gender where bodywork is socially structured and culturally accepted as women’s work.Method.  Life history method was used in this study. Twenty‐one life stories from male registered nurses were gathered in 2003–2004 using semi‐structured interviews. Each life story underwent structural analysis, using a four‐dimension structural model of gender relations.Findings.  The ability of male nurses to do bodywork and provide care is dependent on the way they ‘do’ gender, that is, they have to be perceived to be performing the masculine identity that best represents the individual patient’s ideology of what it is to be a man, which is set in a particular location and time. In addition, they have to counter the representations of the male nurse, whether it is homosexual, paedophile or heterosexual deviant. Respondents develop labour processes and workplace strategies to overcome the effects of gender stereotypes that may hinder their nursing work.Conclusion.  Nursing procedures, policies and texts should reflect the complexity and multiplicity in the conduct of bodywork in nursing and refrain from representing essentialist ways (reinforcing nursing as feminine) of doing nursing.
Older people with hip fracture: depression in the postoperative first year
Authors: Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Cheng Huey‐Shinn , Teng Huei‐Chin , Chen Min‐Chi , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Tsai Wen‐Che 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  Older people with hip fracture: depression in the postoperative first year. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe changes in risk of depressive symptoms and their predictors for older people with hip fracture during the first year following hospital discharge.Background.  The prevalence of depression in older people with hip fracture has been reported as 9–47%. However, the longitudinal changes in prevalence rate following hip fracture have not been well‐studied, particularly in Asian countries.Methods.  The study was conducted in Taiwan in 2001–2003. A sample of 147 older people with hip fracture was assessed for depressive symptoms before discharge, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge using the Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. Longitudinal data were analysed by the generalized estimating equation approach.Findings.  The majority of participants were at risk for depressive symptoms before discharge (n = 147, 57·8%) and 35·6% (n = 118) 12 months after discharge. These numbers decreased statistically significantly from before discharge to the 1st month after discharge (57·8% vs. 42·6%, P = 0·008), and from the 1st to the 6th month (42·6% vs. 31·3%, P = 0·03), and then remained stable until the 12th month after discharge. Lower emotional‐social support predicted persistent depressive symptoms after discharge (P < 0·01).Conclusion.  Timely psychological interventions are suggested within the first 6 months after discharge, especially the first 3 months. Healthcare professionals need to pay attention to older patients with hip fracture who are female, with poorer prefracture functioning and particularly those with lower emotional‐social support.
‘Bridging worlds’: meeting the emotional needs of dying patients
Authors: Law Rollanda 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  ‘Bridging worlds’: meeting the emotional needs of dying patients. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to develop a grounded theory to explain how district nurses meet the emotional needs of dying patients in the community.Background.  There has been a policy commitment internationally to improve community services and enable people with terminal illnesses to die in their own homes. This increasing trend towards home deaths in the United Kingdom (UK) makes more demand on district nurses to provide emotional support for dying patients.Methods.  A ‘classic’ grounded theory study was conducted in the UK between 2002 and 2005. Unstructured observations and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of nine district nurses, nine patients and four family carers. A further theoretical sample of five books of authors’ accounts of their dying experiences and three district nurses who were advanced practitioners were selected.Findings.  Five categories were identified in the data: ‘outside world’, ‘dying world’, ‘entering dying world’, ‘maintaining connections’ and the core category ‘bridging worlds’. The theory of ‘bridging worlds’ indicated that dying patients experienced ‘dying world’ and ‘outside world’. District nurses met dying patients’ emotional needs by acting as a bridge between their two worlds, encouraging them to maintain connections with the outside world so that they did not become isolated in their dying world.Conclusion.  District nurses should ensure that they meet both the physical and emotional needs of dying patients. Nursing education and literature need to concentrate on raising awareness of nurses’ role in providing emotional support.
Raising issues about children’s overweight – maternal and child health nurses’ experiences
Authors: Edvardsson Kristina , Edvardsson David , Hörnsten Åsa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  Raising issues about children’s overweight – maternal and child health nurses’ experiences. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study carried out to describe maternal and child health nurses’ experiences of communicating and raising issues with parents about children’s overweight.Background.  Children's overweight and obesity are rapidly increasing in many countries around the world. Maternal and child health nurses are in a unique position to influence parents, but studies of their experiences in communicating with parents about overweight are lacking.Method.  Ten maternal and child health nurses in culturally diverse rural and urban areas in Melbourne, Australia, were interviewed in 2007. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis to identify key categories.Findings.  During the analysis, eight categories were identified. In summary, nurses described it as difficult to raise weight issues, especially if parents were overweight themselves. The growth chart was felt to be an essential tool in discussions about weight and nurses often described themselves as holding ‘expert’ roles in conversations. Denial, defensiveness and excuses about children being overweight were common reactions among parents and were described as difficult to deal with. However, a strong nurse–parent relationship was experienced as facilitating conversations about weight.Conclusion.  Raising issues about weight can be difficult, especially if parents are overweight themselves. Further research in communications is needed to understand and approach parents better – especially overweight parents – about their children’s weight. Interventions involving patient‐centred approaches in this context have potential, but the area is still relatively unexplored. Maternal and child health centres could be important contributors in such future interventions.
Psychological adjustments made by postburn injury patients: an integrative literature review
Authors: Klinge Kerry , Chamberlain Diane J. , Redden Maurine , King Lindy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTitle.  Psychological adjustments made by postburn injury patients: an integrative literature review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a review examining the variables that predispose individuals to significant psychological maladjustment following burn injury.Background.  The psychological sequelae of burn injury are well documented; however, the variables that influence individuals’ adjustment following burn injury lack consideration.Data sources.  MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Psychological Abstracts were searched using the keywords burn injury, psychological, psychosocial, rehabilitation, premorbid psychopathology, adjustment, reintegration, body image, post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression, coping. Other sources were found from a manual search of nursing, medical and psychological literature and references of identified and related papers. The search strategy was limited to English‐language research published between 1997 and 2008.Review methods.  An integrative review of the studies was conducted over a 6‐month time period during 2007–2008.Results.  Burn patients are a heterogeneous group and typically have comorbidities. While preburn personality and coping strategies can influence long‐term psychological adjustment, the relationship between postburn adjustment and burn size and severity, and gender are poorly understood. Much of the literature focuses on the prevalence of psychological maladjustment rather than on identifying variables that influence psychological adjustment.Conclusion.  The diversity and complexity that characterize burn patients lead to unique adjustment difficulties. Recognizing these difficulties is the first step to offering appropriate intervention and treatment for this unique patient group.