bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing medullary carcinoma of the breast from high‐grade hormone receptor‐negative invasive ductal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical approach
Authors: Flucke Uta , Flucke Maria Theresia , Hoy Ludwig , Breuer Elisabeth , Goebbels Rolf , Rhiem Kerstin , Schmutzler Rita , Winzenried Helene , Braun Michael , Steiner Susanne , Buettner Reinhard , Gevensleben Heidrun 
Published: June 2010

Flucke U, Flucke M T, Hoy L, Breuer E, Goebbels R, Rhiem K, Schmutzler R, Winzenried H, Braun M, Steiner S, Buettner R & Gevensleben H (2010) Histopathology 56, 852–859 Distinguishing medullary carcinoma of the breast from high‐grade hormone receptor‐negative invasive ductal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical approachAims:  Medullary carcinomas (MCs) represent a rare breast cancer subtype associated with a rather favourable prognosis compared with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs). Due to histopathological overlap, MCs are frequently misclassified as high‐grade IDCs, potentially leading to overtreatment of MCs. Our aim was to establish novel diagnostic markers distinguishing MCs from hormone receptor‐negative high‐grade IDCs.Methods and results:  Sixty‐one MCs and 133 hormone receptor‐negative IDCs were analysed in a comparative immunohistochemical study. Applied markers included a comprehensive panel of cytokeratins (CKs), vimentin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), p63, p53, cell adhesion molecules [N‐CAM (CD56), syndecan‐1 (CD138), E‐cadherin and P‐cadherin] and development associated transcription factors (AP‐2α, AP‐2γ). A significantly higher proportion of IDCs displayed increased expression of CK7, AP‐2α and HER2 in contrast to MCs (CK7: 91% of IDCs versus 77% of MCs; AP‐2α: 77% versus 57%; and HER2: 26% versus 7%, each P < 0.01). Vice versa, MCs were slightly more frequently positive for SMA and vimentin (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  Hormone receptor‐negative high‐grade IDCs are significantly associated with luminal differentiation, Her2 and AP‐2α overexpression, whereas MCs tend to display myoepithelial features. Markers analysed in this study are of diagnostic value regarding the differential diagnosis of MCs.
Tumour budding and a low host inflammatory response are associated with a poor prognosis in oesophageal and gastro‐oesophageal junction cancers
Authors: Brown Matthew , Sillah Karim , Griffiths Ewen A , Swindell Ric , West Catherine M , Page Richard D , Welch Ian M , Pritchard Susan A 
Published: June 2010

Brown M, Sillah K, Griffiths E A, Swindell R, West C M, Page R D, Welch I M & Pritchard S A (2010) Histopathology 56, 893–899 Tumour budding and a low host inflammatory response are associated with a poor prognosis in oesophageal and gastro‐oesophageal junction cancersAims:  Tumour budding and host inflammatory response are parameters easily assessed histologically that have prognostic significance in many cancers. There have been few studies examining these parameters in oesophageal or gastro‐oesophageal cancers. This study aims to address that deficiency.Methods and results:  A two‐centre, retrospective study was carried out on 356 patients. Tumour budding and host inflammatory response at the invasive front were assessed histologically. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prognostic significance of these factors. The median number of tumour buds was four (range 0–50) with 172 of 356 cases having five or more buds at the invasive front. The presence of five or more buds was associated with a poor prognosis on univariate analysis (P = 0.0001), as was a sparse or moderate host inflammatory response (P = 0.001). Tumour budding retained prognostic significance when tumours were separated into adenocarcinomas (n = 287) and squamous cell carcinomas (n = 69), but host inflammatory response was a significant prognostic factor only for adenocarcinomas. On multivariate analysis the presence of five or more buds retained significance (P = 0.002).Conclusions:  Tumour budding and host inflammatory response are important prognostic factors in patients with oesophageal/gastro‐oesophageal cancer and can be used to identify high‐risk patients who would benefit from closer follow‐up and adjuvant therapies.
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is up‐regulated in basal‐like breast carcinoma
Authors: Pinheiro Céline , Albergaria André , Paredes Joana , Sousa Bárbara , Dufloth Rozany , Vieira Daniella , Schmitt Fernando , Baltazar Fátima 
Published: June 2010

Pinheiro C, Albergaria A, Paredes J, Sousa B, Dufloth R, Vieira D, Schmitt F & Baltazar F (2010) Histopathology 56, 860–867 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is up‐regulated in basal‐like breast carcinomaAims:  Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) have been considered promising targets for cancer therapy, since they facilitate lactate efflux in glycolytic tumours. However, their role in solid tumours is still poorly understood. Thus, the present work aimed to contribute to understanding the involvement of MCT1 and MCT4 in breast cancer progression as well as MCT regulation by CD147.Methods and results:  The expression of the membrane transporters MCT1 and MCT4 was analysed in a series of breast carcinomas (249 cases) and their clinicopathological significance investigated. Additionally, we analysed the significance of CD147 co‐expression, as an important regulator of MCT expression and activity. MCT1 was significantly increased in breast carcinomas when compared with normal breast tissue and, importantly, both MCT1 and CD147 were associated with poor prognostic variables such as basal‐like subtype and high grade tumours.Conclusions:  These results provide evidence for a prognostic value of MCT1 in breast carcinoma and support the exploitation of the complex MCT1/CD147 as a promising target for cancer therapy, especially in basal‐like breast carcinoma.
Immunohistochemical study of PTEN and phosphorylated mTOR proteins in familial and sporadic invasive breast carcinomas
Authors: Bakarakos Panagiotis , Theohari Irene , Nomikos Alexandros , Mylona Eleni , Papadimitriou Christos , Dimopoulos Athanasios‐Meletios , Nakopoulou Lydia 
Published: June 2010

Bakarakos P, Theohari I, Nomikos A, Mylona E, Papadimitriou C, Dimopoulos A‐M & Nakopoulou L (2010) Histopathology 56, 876–882 Immunohistochemical study of PTEN and phosphorylated mTOR proteins in familial and sporadic invasive breast carcinomasAims:  Loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) leads to activation of several kinases, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which promotes cell cycle progression. The aim was to study the expression of PTEN and phosphorylated (p)‐mTOR in familial and sporadic invasive breast carcinomas and their relation to clinicopathological features, molecular indices (Wnt1) and patients’ survival.Methods and results:  PTEN and p‐mTOR were detected immunohistochemically in 215 sections of invasive breast carcinomas (112 with a familial history of breast cancer). Image analysis was used and univariate and multivariate analyses employed for statistical evaluation of results. PTEN was detecte5d in the nucleus (73.5%) and p‐mTOR in the cytoplasm (44.2%) of cancer cells. Loss of PTEN protein was more frequently detected in women with a familial history of breast cancer (72%) (P < 0.0001), while its expression was negatively correlated with Wnt1, in total (P = 0.049). p‐mTOR showed a positive association with lymph node status (P = 0.010) and was found to have a negative impact on patients’ overall survival (P = 0.016).Conclusions:  Loss of PTEN protein expression appears to occur more frequently in women with a family history of breast cancer, whereas activation of mTOR protein seems to be related to a more aggressive phenotype.
Evolutionary variation in gene expression is associated with dimorphism in eusocial vespid wasps
Authors: Hunt B. G. , Goodisman M. A. D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPhenotypic diversity is frequently generated by differences in gene expression. In this study, we addressed the relationship between homology in gene expression and phenotype among four species of eusocial wasps. Specifically, we investigated the evolution of caste‐specific and sex‐specific gene expression patterns associated with caste polyphenisms and sexual dimorphisms. We also identified several genes with functions relevant to their phenotype‐specific roles. Our results suggest that gene expression profiles associated with caste polyphenisms may evolve rapidly relative to those associated with sexes. Thus, caste‐biased genes may undergo less regulatory constraint or be subject to greater neutral variation in expression than sex‐biased genes.
Proteome profile and lentiviral transduction of cultured honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) cells
Authors: Chan M. M. Y. , Choi S. Y. C. , Chan Q. W. T. , Li P. , Guarna M. M. , Foster L. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHoney bees (Apis mellifera L.) play a vital role in agriculture as pollinators, and serve as model organisms of social behaviour and immunity. The lack of both immortalized cell lines and methods to introduce recombinant DNA reliably into primary cells hinders cellular and molecular studies in this organism. We hereby demonstrate the expression of a GFP gene delivered by lentivirus transduction to cultured embryonic cells. The success of this approach indicates that viral transduction could be used to deliver constitutively active oncogenes in order to immortalize honey bee cells. We were able to revive cells successfully after several months of cryogenic storage and we show how the proteome varies between freshly collected and cultured embryonic cells.
Red in tooth and claw: how top predators shape terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Johnson Christopher N. 
Published: June 2010

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Elmhagen, B., Ludwig, G., Rushton, S.P., Helle, P. & Linden, H. (2010) Top predators, mesopredators and their prey: interference ecosystems along bioclimatic productivity gradients. Journal of Animal Ecology79, 785–794. Top predators are increasingly recognized as important regulators of ecosystem structure. Elmhagen et al. in this issue show how a recolonizing population of lynx in Finland is in the process of imposing control of the abundance of a mesopredator, the red fox and relaxing predation pressure on a prey species. Their study shows how ecological restoration programs could use the power of top predators to limit mesopredator populations and control total predation pressure on prey species.
Influence of vegetation clutter on the capacity of ground foraging bats to capture prey
Authors: Rainho Ana , Augusto Ana M. , Palmeirim Jorge M. 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. The management of the habitat of insectivorous species often targets increasing the availability of arthropod prey. However, this may be hindered by lack of knowledge of the mechanisms that determine food availability for insectivores. Prey abundance is often used as a surrogate for availability, but this may be incorrect wherever habitat factors limit access to prey. Ground vegetation clutter is likely to be such a limiting factor for ground foraging insectivorous bats, and we investigated this possibility usingMyotis myotisas a model.2. We performed captivity experiments to determine how ground vegetation density affects foraging. Bats were provided with crickets hidden in sparse, medium and dense grass cover. In addition, we used bat radio tracking data, prey abundance measurements, and geographic information system (GIS) modelling to determine if clutter influences how bats select foraging areas in a Mediterranean region.3. The experiments demonstrated that ground vegetation clutter greatly reduces access to prey, affecting both capture success and time to capture. Bats detected prey in the dense vegetation, but did not attempt to capture them or did so only after a prolonged delay. Their attempts often failed, because the bats landed over prey with open wings, presumably to increase the catching surface, and the dense vegetation prevented them from reaching the ground.4. In the study area, cover types with the densest ground vegetation harboured the most prey, but clutter made access to prey byM. myotisdifficult. Corroborating this, the GIS models showed that bats avoided foraging in habitats with high prey abundance but in which availability was decreased by dense ground vegetation.5. Ungrazed grasslands reach vegetation densities that limit access to prey by ground foraging bats, as observed in the study area. However, grazing by cattle reduced clutter to levels equivalent to the sparse treatment in our captive experiments, in which bats captured prey easily.6. Synthesis and applications. Conservation of ground foraging bats may require the management of their feeding grounds, to increase or maintain prey availability, particularly near important colonies. While dense ground vegetation may promote prey density, it dramatically reduces access to prey and usage by bats; hence, this should be considered by managers. Moderate grazing can be used to reduce ground vegetation cover to levels that permit foraging by bats.
Combining time trends in multiple metrics for identifying persistent changes in population processes or environmental stressors
Authors: Trenkel Verena M. , Rochet Marie‐Joëlle 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Metrics have become a standard way for summarizing environmental monitoring results. Different metrics react differently to natural variations and human‐induced stressors. We suggest that combined analysis of time trends in selected biological metrics allows identification of biological processes (e.g. individual growth, mortality or recruitment) that have changed (increased or decreased) persistently. Alternatively, time trends in the abundance of sensitive species could indicate changes in environmental stressors.2. We calculate the joint likelihood of time trends in three metrics and use it to evaluate the evidence in the data for different combinations of metric time trends. A simulation study provides guidelines for interpreting log‐likelihood differences.3. We illustrate the approach for identifying biological process changes for three North Sea fish stocks (codGadus morhua, lesser‐spotted dogfishScyliorhinus caniculaand whitingMerlangius merlangius) using metrics derived from international bottom‐trawl survey data for the period 1997–2008. Over the period, a decrease in recruitment and several simultaneous process changes were most likely for cod, while a recruitment increase, mortality decrease and several process changes were most likely for lesser‐spotted dogfish. No significant persistent process changes were found for whiting.4. Synthesis and applications. The likelihood approach offers a way of combining monotonic time trends in multiple metrics for identifying persistent changes in exploited populations or environmental stressors, given suitable metric time series and tables for interpreting joint time trends. For data rich fish populations, the proposed method can supplement analytical stock assessments. For many other populations with no fisheries‐dependent data, it offers a way to identify population changes, which will be crucial for implementing the ecosystem approach to fisheries management and the European marine strategy framework directive.
Improving the design and management of forest strips in human‐dominated tropical landscapes: a field test on Amazonian dung beetles
Authors: Barlow Jos , Louzada Julio , Parry Luke , Hernández Malva I.M. , Hawes Joseph , Peres Carlos A. , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando Z. , Gardner Toby A. 
Published: June 2010

Summary 1. The future of tropical forest species depends in part on their ability to survive in human‐modified landscapes. Forest strips present a priority area for biodiversity research because they are a common feature of many managed landscapes, are often afforded a high level of legal protection, and can provide a cost‐effective and politically acceptable conservation strategy. 2. Despite the potential conservation benefits that could be provided by forest strips, ecologists currently lack sufficient evidence to inform policy and guide their design and management. 3. We used a quasi‐experimental landscape in the Brazilian Amazon to test the importance of four management‐relevant variables (forest type, isolation distance, forest structure, and large mammal activity) on the potential biodiversity conservation value of narrow forest strips for dung beetles. 4. Information‐theoretic model selection based on AICc revealed strong support for the influence of large mammal activity and forest type on dung beetle abundance; isolation distance on species richness; and forest structure on the relative abundance of matrix‐tolerant species. Multi‐dimensional scaling showed a strong influence of forest type and isolation on community composition and structure, with riparian and dry‐land strips having complementary sets of species. 5. Synthesis and applications. To enhance the conservation value and ecological integrity of forest strips in human‐modified landscapes we recommend that strip design considers both isolation distance and whether or not the strips encompass perennial streams. In addition, we identify the maintenance of forest structure and the protection of large mammal populations as being crucially important for conserving forest dung beetle communities.
Predicting spatio‐temporal recolonization of large carnivore populations and livestock depredation risk: wolves in the Italian Alps
Authors: Marucco F. , McIntire E. J. B. 
Published: June 2010

Summary 1. Wolves Canis lupus recently recolonized the Western Alps through dispersal from the Italian Apennines, representing one of several worldwide examples of large carnivores increasing in highly human‐dominated landscapes. Understanding and predicting expansion of this population is important for conservation because of its direct impact on livestock and its high level of societal opposition. 2. We built a predictive, spatially explicit, individual‐based model to examine wolf population expansion in this fragmented landscape, and livestock depredation risk. We developed the model based on known demographic processes, social structure, behaviour and habitat selection of wolves collected during a 10‐year intensive field study of this wolf population. 3. During model validation, our model accurately described the recolonization process within the Italian Alps, correctly predicting wolf pack locations, pack numbers and wolf population size, between 1999 and 2008. 4. We then projected packs and dispersers over the entire Italian Alps for 2013, 2018 and 2023. We predicted 25 packs (95% CI: 19–32) in 2013, 36 (23–47) in 2018 and 49 (29–68) in 2023. The South‐Western Alps were the main source for wolves repopulating the Alps from 1999 to 2008. The source area for further successful dispersers will probably shift to the North‐Western Alps after 2008, but the large lakes in the Central Alps will probably act as a spatial barrier slowing the wolf expansion. 5. Using the pack presence forecasts, we estimated spatially explicit wolf depredation risk on livestock, allowing tailored local and regional management actions. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our predictive model is novel because we follow the spatio‐temporal dynamics of packs, not just population size, which have substantially different requirements and impacts on wolf–human conflicts than wandering dispersers. Our approach enables prioritization of management efforts, including minimizing livestock depredations, identifying important corridors and barriers, and locating future source populations for successful wolf recolonization of the Alps.
Evidence from genetic and Lagrangian drifter data for transatlantic transport of small juvenile green turtles
Authors: Monzón‐Argüello C. , López‐Jurado L. F. , Rico C. , Marco A. , López P. , Hays G. C. , Lee P. L. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  A key life‐history component for many animals is the need for movement between different geographical locations at particular times. Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings disperse from their natal location to spend an early pelagic stage in the ocean, followed by a neritic stage where small juveniles settle in coastal areas. In this study, we combined genetic and Lagrangian drifter data to investigate the connectivity between natal and foraging locations. In particular we focus on the evidence for transatlantic transport.Location  Atlantic Ocean.Methods  We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (n = 1567) from foraging groups (n = 8) and nesting populations (n = 12) on both sides of the Atlantic. Genetic data were obtained for Cape Verde juvenile turtles, a foraging group not previously sampled for genetic study. Various statistical methods were used to explore spatial genetics and population genetic structure (e.g. exact tests of differentiation, Geneland and analysis of molecular variance). Many‐to‐many mixed stock analysis estimated the connectivity between nesting and foraging groups.Results  Our key new finding is robust evidence for connectivity between a nesting population on the South American coast (25% of the Surinam nesting population are estimated to go to Cape Verde) and a foraging group off the coast of West Africa (38% of Cape Verde juveniles are estimated to originate from Surinam), thus extending the results of previous investigations by confirming that there is substantial transatlantic dispersal in both directions. Lagrangian drifter data demonstrated that transport by drift across the Atlantic within a few years is possible.Main conclusions  Small juvenile green turtles seem capable of dispersing extensively, and can drop out of the pelagic phase on a transatlantic scale (the average distance between natal and foraging locations was 3048 km). Nevertheless, we also find support for the ‘closest‐to‐home’ hypothesis in that the degree of contribution from a nesting population to a foraging group is correlated with proximity. Larger‐sized turtles appear to feed closer to their natal breeding grounds (the average distance was 1133 km), indicating that those that have been initially transported to far‐flung foraging grounds may still be able to move nearer to home as they grow larger.