bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologic Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Trastuzumab Predicts Favorable Survival in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer: Results From the TECHNO Trial of the AGO and GBG Study Groups
Authors: Untch Michael , Fasching Peter A. , Konecny Gottfried E. , Hasmüller Stephan , Lebeau Annette , Kreienberg Rolf , Camara Oumar , Müller Volkmar , du Bois Andreas , Kühn Thorsten , Stickeler Elmar , Harbeck Nadia , Höss Cornelia , Kahlert Steffen , Beck Thomas , Fett Werner , Mehta Keyur M. , von Minckwitz Gunter , Loibl Sibylle 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To evaluate efficacy and safety of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel and trastuzumab as neoadjuvant treatment in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–overexpressing breast cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with centrally confirmed HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (≥ 2 cm or inflammatory) received four 3-week cycles epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (90/600 mg/m2) followed by four 3-week cycles paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) and trastuzumab (6 mg/kg) before surgery. Trastuzumab was continued after surgery to complete 1 year of treatment. Primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR) defined as no residual invasive tumor in breast and lymphatic tissue. Results Thirty-nine percent of 217 enrolled patients achieved a pCR. Breast conservation was possible in 64% of patients. Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 88% in patients with pCR compared to 73% in patients without pCR (P = .01). Three-year overall survival (OS) was 96% in patients with pCR compared to 86% in patients without pCR (P = .025). pCR was the only significant prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.1; P = .013) and OS (HR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 17.4; P = .012) in multivariable analysis. Cardiac toxicity was reported in eight patients (3.7%) of whom six presented with an asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction decrease and two with symptomatic chronic heart failure. Conclusion Neoadjuvant combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy resulted in a high pCR rate in HER2-overexpressing primary breast cancer. Patients with a pCR after neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapy in combination with chemotherapy followed by maintenance trastuzumab have an improved long-term outcome. Patients without a pCR had an increased risk for relapse and death.
Outcome of High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome After Azacitidine Treatment Failure
Authors: Prébet Thomas , Gore Steven D. , Esterni Benjamin , Gardin Claude , Itzykson Raphael , Thepot Sylvain , Dreyfus François , Rauzy Odile Beyne , Recher Christian , Adès Lionel , Quesnel Bruno , Beach C.L. , Fenaux Pierre , Vey Norbert 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Azacitidine (AZA) is the current standard of care for high-risk (ie, International Prognostic Scoring System high or intermediate 2) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but most patients will experience primary or secondary treatment failure. The outcome of these patients has not yet been described. Patients and Methods Overall, 435 patients with high-risk MDS and former refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) were evaluated for outcome after AZA failure. The cohort of patients included four data sets (ie, AZA001, J9950, and J0443 trials and the French compassionate use program). Results The median follow-up after AZA failure was 15 months. The median overall survival was 5.6 months, and the 2-year survival probability was 15%. Increasing age, male sex, high-risk cytogenetics, higher bone marrow blast count, and the absence of prior hematologic response to AZA were associated with significantly worse survival in multivariate analysis. Data on treatment administered after AZA failure were available for 270 patients. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and investigational agents were associated with a better outcome when compared with conventional clinical care. Conclusion Outcome after AZA failure is poor. Our results should serve as a basis for designing second-line clinical trials in this population.
Newspaper Reports and Consumer Choice: Evidence from the Do Not Call Registry
Authors: Goh Khim-Yong , Hui Kai-Lung , Png Ivan P. L. 
Published: July 2011

Despite annual expenditures on public relations exceeding $19.42 billion, U.S. businesses lack practical guidance about the effectiveness of publicity in mass media. Here, we assemble a rich and novel data set to gauge the impact of news reports on consumer sign-ups with the U.S. Do Not Call (DNC) Registry. Using multiple identification strategies, we found robust evidence that news reports increased consumer registrations. Specifically, a 1% increase in the number of news reports increased DNC registrations by 0.018%. The impact increased with mention of the toll-free telephone number and URL, but decreased with the length of the headline and main text. Furthermore, we found evidence that reports affect behavior through persuasion as well as information—the impact on registration was higher for reports that mentioned the number of other people registering. Finally, the impact of news reports on consumer registration was stronger in national than local newspapers and in politically neutral and Democrat than Republican newspapers. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors.
Optimal and Competitive Assortments with Endogenous Pricing Under Hierarchical Consumer Choice Models
Authors: Kök A. Gürhan , Xu Yi 
Published: July 2011

This paper studies assortment planning and pricing for a product category with heterogeneous product types from two brands. We model consumer choice using the nested multinomial logit framework with two different hierarchical structures: a brand-primary model in which consumers choose a brand first, then a product type in the chosen brand, and a type-primary model in which consumers choose a product type first, then a brand within that product type. We consider a centralized regime that finds the optimal solution for the whole category and a decentralized regime that finds a competitive equilibrium between two brands. We find that optimal and competitive assortments and prices have quite distinctive properties across different models. Specifically, with the brand-primary model, both the optimal and the competitive assortments for each brand consist of the most popular product types from the brand. With the type-primary choice model, the optimal and the competitive assortments for each brand may not always consist of the most popular product types of the brand. Instead, the overall assortment in the category consists of a set of most popular product types. The price of a product under the centralized regime can be characterized by a sum of a markup that is constant across all products and brands, its procurement cost, and its marginal operational cost, implying a lower price for more popular products. The markup may be different for each brand and product type under the decentralized regime, implying a higher price for brands with a larger market share. These properties of the assortments and prices can be used as effective guidelines for managers to identify and price the best assortments and to rule out nonoptimal assortments. Our results suggest that to offer the right set of products and prices, category and/or brand managers should create an assortment planning process that is aligned with the hierarchical choice process consumers commonly follow to make purchasing decisions. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta and Preyas Desai, special issue editors.
Patterns and Correlates of Same‐Sex Sexual Activity Among U.S. Teenagers and Young Adults
Authors: McCabe Janice , Brewster Karin L. , Tillman Kathryn Harker 
Published: July 2011

CONTEXT: Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of same‐sex sexual activity among teenagers and young adults, particularly those who do not identify themselves as gay, lesbian or bisexual. Effective interventions to prevent STDs require accurate understanding of youths’ sexual behavior.
METHODs: Descriptive and regression analyses of data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth examined patterns and correlates of same‐sex sexual activity among a sample of 2,688 never‐married, noncohabiting men and women aged 15–21. Same‐sex behavior was assessed separately by gender, as well as by heterosexual experience and sexual attraction and identity.
RESULTS: Eleven percent of women and 4% of men reported same‐sex sexual experience. Youth who were attracted only to the opposite sex had a decreased likelihood of reporting same‐sex activity (rate ratio, 0.1 for each gender), while women and men who identified themselves as homosexual or bisexual had an elevated likelihood of such activity (5.1 and 5.9, respectively). However, among women who were attracted exclusively to men, those who had had heterosexual sex were more than four times as likely as those who had not to have engaged in same‐sex activity. Finally, among youth who reported any same‐sex attraction, women and men who said they were homosexual or bisexual had an elevated likelihood of having engaged in same‐sex behavior (4.7 and 5.6, respectively).
CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of “straight” youth engage in same‐sex activity, and so information on risks associated with such behavior should be included in sex education programs and targeted to all youth.
Direct Saliva Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Lee Yu-Hsiang , Zhou Hui , Reiss Jean K , Yan Xinmin , Zhang Lei , Chia David , Wong David TW 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND
Current standard operating procedures for salivary transcriptomic analysis require low temperatures and lengthy mRNA isolation, which substantially hamper its use in the clinic. We developed a streamlined, ambient-temperature processing, stabilization, and storage protocol for clinical analysis of salivary RNA.

METHODS
The direct saliva transcriptome analysis (DSTA) used cell-free saliva supernatant instead of isolated mRNA for saliva transcriptomic detection, and all procedures, including processing, stabilization, and storage of saliva samples, were performed at ambient temperature without a stabilizing reagent. We evaluated this streamlined protocol by comparing the mRNA expression levels of 3 saliva internal reference genes [glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); actin, beta (ACTB); and ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9)] to levels measured with standard procedures, and detecting the variation of their expression levels under long-term ambient temperature storage. The clinical utility of DSTA was assessed by use of 7 oral cancer salivary mRNA biomarkers in a clinical study.

RESULTS
Each saliva internal reference gene mRNA showed similar expression levels when assayed by the DSTA or standard procedures, and remained stable under ambient temperature storage for at least 10 weeks without significant degradation (P = 0.918, 0.288, and 0.242 for GAPDH, ACTB, and RPS9, respectively). Compared with standard procedures, the performance characteristics of oral cancer salivary transcriptomic markers were retained as assayed by DSTA after 10 weeks of storage at ambient temperature. These results indicate that the DSTA is a suitable alternative method for saliva transcriptomic analysis and is feasible for use in clinical cancer research applications.

CONCLUSIONS
The streamlined DSTA protocol can impact the saliva-handling method and improve the standard operating procedures for clinical saliva transcriptomic diagnostics.
Solar Water Heaters: A Review of Systems Research and Design Innovation
Authors: Norton Brian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSolar water heating can be considered to be an established mature technology. The achievement of this status is the outcome of over a century of system development that culminated with a flourish of innovation in the last thirty years. Drivers for research and development have been achieving economic viability by devising systems that, for specific applications in particular climate contexts produced more hot water per unit cost. Reductions in both initial capital and installation costs have been achieved as well as in those associated with subsequent operation and maintenance. Research on solar water heating is discussed with the emphasis on overall systems though some key aspects of component development are also outlined. A comprehensive taxonomy is presented of the generic types of solar water heater that have emerged and their features, characteristics and performance are discussed.
A Randomized Study of a Monoclonal Antibody (Pagibaximab) to Prevent Staphylococcal Sepsis
Authors: Weisman Leonard E. , Thackray Helen M. , Steinhorn Robin H. , Walsh William F. , Lassiter Herbert A. , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Brozanski Beverly S. , Palmer Kristine G. H. , Trautman Michael S. , Escobedo Marilyn , Meissner H. Cody , Sasidharan Pontthenkandath , Fretz Jennifer , Kokai-Kun John F. , Kramer William G. , Fischer Gerald W. , Mond James J. 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND:Pagibaximab, a human chimeric monoclonal antibody developed against lipoteichoic acid, was effective against staphylococci preclinically and seemed safe and well tolerated in phase 1 studies.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical activity, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of weekly pagibaximab versus placebo infusions in very low birth weight neonates.PATIENTS AND METHODS:A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted at 10 NICUs. Patients with a birth weight of 700 to 1300 g and 2 to 5 days old were randomly assigned to receive 3 once-a-week pagibaximab (90 or 60 mg/kg) or placebo infusions. Blood was collected for pharmacokinetics, bacterial killing, and safety analyses. Adverse event and clinical outcome data were collected.RESULTS:Eighty-eight patients received pagibaximab at 90 (n = 22) or 60 (n = 20) mg/kg or placebo (n = 46). Groups were not different in demography, mortality, or morbidity. Pagibaximab demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics, a 14.5-day half-life, and nonimmunogenicity. Definite staphylococcal sepsis occurred in 0%, 20%, and 13% (P &lt; .11) and nonstaphylococcal sepsis occurred in 0%, 10%, and 15% (P &lt; .15) of patients in the 90 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, and placebo groups, respectively. In all patients with staphylococcal sepsis, estimated or observed pagibaximab levels were &lt;500 μg/mL (target level) at infection.CONCLUSIONS:Three once-a-week 90 or 60 mg/kg pagibaximab infusions, in high-risk neonates, seemed safe and well tolerated. No staphylococcal sepsis occurred in infants who received 90 mg/kg. Target levels were only consistently achieved after 2 to 3 doses. Dose optimization should enhance protection.
Development of a Screening Tool for Pediatric Sexual Assault May Reduce Emergency-Department Visits
Authors: Floyed Rebecca L. , Hirsh Daniel A. , Greenbaum Virginia J. , Simon Harold K. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:To define the characteristics of a novel screening tool used to identify which prepubertal children should potentially receive an initial evaluation for alleged sexual assault in a nonemergent setting.METHODS:Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed from 2007 to 2008. Visits with a chief complaint or diagnosis of alleged sexual assault for patients aged 12 years or younger were identified. Complete records, those with no evaluation before pediatric emergency-department arrival, and those with child advocacy center follow-up were included. Records were reviewed to answer the following: (1) Did the incident occur in the past 72 hours, and was there oral or genital to genital/anal contact? (2) Was genital or rectal pain, bleeding, discharge, or injury present? (3) Was there concern for the child's safety? (4) Was an unrelated emergency medical condition present? An affirmative response to any of the questions was considered a positive screen (warranting immediate evaluation); all others were considered negative screens. Those who had positive physical examination findings of anogenital trauma or infection, a change in custody, or an emergency medical condition were defined as high risk (having a positive outcome).RESULTS:A total of 163 cases met study criteria; 90 of 163 (55%) patients had positive screens and 73 of 163 (45%) had negative screens. No patients with negative screens were classified as high risk. The screening tool has sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval: 93.5–100.0).CONCLUSIONS:This screening tool may be effective for determining which children do not require emergency-department evaluation for alleged sexual assault.
Near Elimination of Varicella Deaths in the US After Implementation of the Vaccination Program
Authors: Marin Mona , Zhang John X. , Seward Jane F. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:Varicella has been preventable by vaccination in the United States since 1995. Previous studies reported a 66% decline in mortality rate during the first 6 years of the program. Since then, vaccination coverage has increased substantially. We updated the analysis of US varicella mortality for 2002–2007 and assessed the impact of the first 12 years of the US varicella vaccination program on varicella deaths.METHODS:National data on deaths for which varicella was listed as an underlying or contributing cause were obtained from the Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death records from the US National Center for Health Statistics. We calculated the age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rates for 2002–2007 and trends since the prevaccine years.RESULTS:During the 12 years of the mostly 1-dose US varicella vaccination program, the annual average mortality rate for varicella listed as the underlying cause declined 88%, from 0.41 per million population in 1990–1994 to 0.05 per million population in 2005–2007. The decline occurred in all age groups, and there was an extremely high reduction among children and adolescents younger than 20 years (97%) and among subjects younger than 50 years overall (96%). In the last 6 years analyzed (2002–2007), a total of 3 deaths per age range were reported among children aged 1 to 4 and 5 to 9 years, compared with an annual average of 13 and 16 deaths, respectively, during the prevaccine years.CONCLUSIONS:The impressive decline in varicella deaths can be directly attributed to successful implementation of the 1-dose vaccination program. With the current 2-dose program, there is potential that these most severe outcomes of a vaccine-preventable disease could be eliminated.
Mediating Factors Associated With Pedestrian Injury in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Stavrinos Despina , Biasini Fred J. , Fine Philip R. , Hodgens J. Bart , Khatri Snehal , Mrug Sylvie , Schwebel David C. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Unintentional injury is the leading cause of pediatric mortality. One leading cause of unintentional injury is pedestrian injury. Children with developmental disabilities, particularly those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–combined type (ADHD-C) seem to have increased pedestrian injury risk. This study examined (1) the differences in pedestrian behavior between children with ADHD-C and normally developing comparison children and (2) the mediating factors that might link ADHD-C with pedestrian injury risk.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A total of 78 children aged 7 to 10 years (39 children with ADHD-C diagnoses and 39 age- and gender-matched typically developing children) participated. The main outcome measure was pedestrian behavior, as measured in a semi-immersive, interactive, virtual pedestrian environment. Key pedestrian variables related to different aspects of the crossing process were identified: (1) before the cross (ie, evaluating aspects of the crossing environment); (2) making the cross (ie, deciding to cross and initiating movement); and (3) safety of the cross (ie, safety within the pedestrian environment after the decision to cross was made).

RESULTS:
Children with ADHD-C chose riskier pedestrian environments to cross within (F1,72 = 4.83; P &lt; .05). No significant differences emerged in other aspects of the crossing process. Executive function played a mediating role in the relationship between ADHD-C and the safety of the cross.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with ADHD-C seem to display appropriate curbside pedestrian behavior but fail to process perceived information adequately to permit crossing safely.
Cyanidin-3-O-β-Glucoside and Protocatechuic Acid Exert Insulin-Like Effects by Upregulating PPARγ Activity in Human Omental Adipocytes
Authors: Scazzocchio Beatrice , Varì Rosaria , Filesi Carmelina , D’Archivio Massimo , Santangelo Carmela , Giovannini Claudio , Iacovelli Annunziata , Silecchia Gianfranco , Volti Giovanni Li , Galvano Fabio , Masella Roberta 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
Insulin resistance (IR) represents an independent risk factor for metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic disorders. Preventing/attenuating IR is a major objective to be reached to preserve population health. Because many insulin-sensitizing drugs have shown unwanted side effects, active harmless compounds are sought after. Dietary anthocyanins have been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity. This study aimed at investigating whether cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) and its metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) might have a role in glucose transport activation in human omental adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In cells treated with 50 µmol/L C3G and 100 µmol/L PCA, [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation by immunoblotting, adiponectin secretion, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were evaluated. Parallel experiments were carried out in murine adipocyte 3T3-L1. To define the role of PPARγ in modulating polyphenol effects, small interfering RNA technique and PPARγ antagonist were used to inhibit transcription factor activity.

RESULTS
C3G and PCA increased adipocyte glucose uptake (P &lt; 0.05) and GLUT4 membrane translocation (P &lt; 0.01). Significant increases (P &lt; 0.05) in nuclear PPARγ activity, as well as in adiponectin and GLUT4 expressions (P &lt; 0.01), were also shown. It is interesting that PPARγ inhibition counteracted the polyphenol-induced adiponectin and GLUT4 upregulations, suggesting a direct involvement of PPARγ in this process.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study provides evidence that C3G and PCA might exert insulin-like activities by PPARγ activation, evidencing a causal relationship between this transcription factor and adiponectin and GLUT4 upregulation. Dietary polyphenols could be included in the preventive/therapeutic armory against pathological conditions associated with IR.