bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell analysis of a progressive Rosai–Dorfman disease affecting the cerebral parenchyma: a case report
Authors: Huang Guo-Hao , Liu Guo-Long , Huang De-Zhi , Diao Xin-Wei , Lv Sheng-Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeurologic Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects the central nervous system. Most neurologic RDDs grow like meningiomas, have clear boundaries, and can be completely resected. However, a few RDDs are invasive and aggressive, and no effective treatment options are available because the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, we report a case of deadly and glucocorticoid-resistant neurologic RDD and explore its possible pathogenic mechanisms via single-cell RNA sequencing. First, we identified two distinct but evolutionarily related histiocyte subpopulations (the C1Q+ and SPP1+ histiocytes) that accumulated in the biopsy sample. The expression of genes in the KRAS signaling pathway was upregulated, indicating gain-of-function of KRAS mutations. The C1Q+ and SPP1+ histiocytes were highly differentiated and arrested in the G1 phase, excluding the idea that RDD is a lympho-histio-proliferative disorder. Second, although C1Q+ histiocytes were the primary RDD cell type, SPP1+ histiocytes highly expressed several severe inflammation-related and invasive factors, such as WNT5A, IL-6, and MMP12, suggesting that SPP1+ histiocytes plays a central role in driving the progression of this disease. Third, oligodendrocytes were found to be the prominent cell type that initiates RDD via MIF and may resist glucocorticoid treatment via the MDK and PTN signaling pathways. In summary, in this case, we report a rare presentation of neurologic RDD and provided new insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of progressive neurologic RDD. This study will also offer evidence for developing precision therapies targeting this complex disease.
Acid-catalyzed transformation of orange waste into furfural: the effect of pectin degree of esterification
Authors: Rivera-Cedillo Eva E. , González-Chávez Marco M. , Handy Brent E. , Quintana-Olivera María F. , López-Mercado Janneth , Cárdenas-Galindo María-Guadalupe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transformation of biomasses from agro-industrial waste can significantly impact the production of green chemicals from sustainable resources. Pectin is a biopolymer present in lignocellulosic biomass as Orange Peel Waste (OPW) and has possibilities for making platform compounds such as furfural for sustainable chemistry. In this work, we studied the transformation to furfural of OPW, pectins, and d-galacturonic acid (D-GalA), which is the main component (65 wt%) of pectin. We analyzed pectins with different degrees of esterification (45, 60 and 95 DE) in a one-pot hydrolysis reaction system and studied the differences in depolymerization and dehydration of the carbohydrates. The results show that the production of furfural decreases as the DE value increases. Specifically, low DE values favor the formation of furfural since the decarboxylation reaction is favored over deesterification. Interestingly, the furfural concentration is dependent upon the polysaccharide composition of pentoses and uronic acid. The obtained concentrations of furfural (13 and 14 mmol/L), d-xylose (6.2 and 10 mmol/L), and L-arabinose (2.5 and 2.7 mmol/L) remained the same when the galacturonic acid was fed either as a polymer or a monomer under the same reaction conditions (0.01 M SA, 90 min and 433 K). OPW is proposed as a feedstock in a biorefinery, in which on a per kg OPW dry basis, 90 g of pectin and 15 g of furfural were produced in the most favorable case. We conclude that the co-production of pectin and furfural from OPW is economically feasible.
Graphical Abstract
Exploring direct and indirect cultural experiences: a study of global consumers’ Hanbok experience and engagement mediated via YouTube
Authors: Lee Jungsoon , Lee Ha Kyung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of technology and media, people’s experiences of other cultures have shifted from direct only to a combination of direct and virtual experiences. This study investigated how global consumers directly and indirectly experience other cultures, mediated by YouTube. It focused on the consumer experience of the Korean traditional costume, the Hanbok. YouTube content focusing on Hanbok experiences was collected to understand the direct Hanbok experiences, while viewers’ reactions to YouTube content (i.e., views, likes, and comments) were collected to understand indirect Hanbok experiences. The analysis involved two steps. First, the latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling algorithm in Python was used to extract topics from direct and indirect Hanbok experiences. Second, simple regression analysis was conducted using numerical data derived from textual data through linguistic inquiry and word count to examine the relationship between direct Hanbok experiences via YouTube and viewer engagement as an indicator of indirect Hanbok experiences. The results showed that YouTubers’ Hanbok experiences were categorized into seven topics, namely novelty, sensory, daily, cultural, trial, pleasing, and intellectual experiences. Indirect Hanbok experiences were identified based on dimensions of consumer engagement, such as social, cognitive, learning, behavioral, and affective engagement. The regression analysis results revealed that cultural and affective Hanbok experiences significantly impacted consumer engagement. This study expanded the scope of research by exploring indirect cultural experiences mediated by a media platform.
P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway
Authors: Wang Shuang-Ying , Cai Yi , Hu Xiao , Li Fei , Qian Xin-Hang , Xia Ling-Yun , Gao Bo , Wu Lan , Xie Wen-Zhong , Gu Jia-Min , Deng Tong , Zhu Cong , Jia Hai-Chang , Peng Wan-Qi , Huang Jiao , Fang Cheng , Zeng Xian-Tao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the development of BPH.

Methods
The subgingival plaque (Sp) and prostatic fluid (Pf) of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis were extracted and cultured for 16S rDNA sequencing. Ligature-induced periodontitis, testosterone-induced BPH and the composite models in rats were established. The P. gingivalis and its toxic factor P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) were injected into the ventral lobe of prostate in rats to simulate its colonization of prostate. P.g-LPS was used to construct the prostate cell infection model for mechanism exploration.

Results
P. gingivalis, Streptococcus oralis, Capnocytophaga ochracea and other oral pathogens were simultaneously detected in the Pf and Sp of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis, and the average relative abundance of P. gingivalis was found to be the highest. P. gingivalis was detected in both Pf and Sp in 62.5% of patients. Simultaneous periodontitis and BPH synergistically aggravated prostate histological changes. P. gingivalis and P.g-LPS infection could induce obvious hyperplasia of the prostate epithelium and stroma (epithelial thickness was 2.97- and 3.08-fold that of control group, respectively), and increase of collagen fibrosis (3.81- and 5.02-fold that of control group, respectively). P. gingivalis infection promoted prostate cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and upregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6; 4.47-fold), interleukin-6 receptor-α (IL-6Rα; 5.74-fold) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130; 4.47-fold) in prostatic tissue. P.g-LPS could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis, promote mitosis and proliferation of cells. P.g-LPS activates the Akt pathway through IL-6/IL-6Rα/gp130 complex, which destroys the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells, induces BPH.

Conclusion
P. gingivalis was abundant in the Pf of patients with BPH concurrent periodontitis. P. gingivalis infection can promote BPH, which may affect the progression of BPH via inflammation and the Akt signaling pathway.
Doping Prevalence among U.S. Elite Athletes Subject to Drug Testing under the World Anti-Doping Code
Authors: Davoren Ann Kearns , Rulison Kelly , Milroy Jeff , Grist Pauline , Fedoruk Matthew , Lewis Laura , Wyrick David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Determining the prevalence of doping within an elite athlete population is challenging due to the extreme sensitivity of the topic; however, understanding true doping prevalence is important when designing anti-doping programs and measuring their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of doping among Olympic, Paralympic, World, and National-level competitive athletes in the United States subject to the World Anti-Doping Code. All athletes who were subject to the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency’s Protocol for Olympic and Paralympic Movement Testing, a World Anti-Doping Code (“Code”)-compliant anti-doping program, were invited to complete a web-delivered survey. Using a direct questioning approach, the survey items asked athletes whether they had used each specific category of banned substance / method on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s Prohibited List. Multiple strategies to encourage honest reporting (e.g., protecting anonymity by collecting minimal demographic information; using an outside organization to administer the survey) and to detect inconsistent responses were used.

Results
Depending on the method of calculation, 6.5–9.2% of the 1,398 respondents reported using one or more prohibited substances or methods in the 12 months prior to survey administration. Specific doping prevalence rates for each individual substance / method categories ranged from 0.1% (for both diuretics / masking agents and stem cell / gene editing) to 4.2% for in-competition use of cannabinoids.

Conclusion
Determining the prevalence of doping within different athlete populations is critical so that sport governing bodies can evaluate their anti-doping efforts and better tailor their programming. By measuring doping prevalence of specific categories of substances and methods, rather than just the overall prevalence of doping, this study also highlights where sport governing bodies should focus their future educational and detection efforts.
Exploring the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial of group-based pregnancy care and education: a pilot randomised controlled trial in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Forster Della A. , Matthews Robyn , Hyde Rebecca , Fox Deborah , Dyson Kaye , Ryan Trish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In group-based pregnancy models, antenatal care and childbirth/parenting education are provided in groups of eight to 10 women, usually with two midwives, and six to eight sessions. Current evidence is inconclusive regarding potential benefit or harm. We aimed to explore the feasibility of implementing an adequately powered randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods
A two-arm pilot RCT was conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Women were randomly allocated to either the intervention to receive group-based antenatal care and education (group care) or to usual care, which included hospital-based midwife, caseload midwifery, team midwifery, or GP shared care. Participants were English-speaking, primiparous, low risk, and < 24 weeks gestation at booking. Data collection: feasibility measures throughout pilot, baseline questionnaire at recruitment, clinical outcome data from the medical record, and a telephone-administered questionnaire 6 weeks postpartum. A focus group explored midwives’ views.

Results
Seventy-four women were recruited from May to June 2017 (group care = 40, usual care = 34). Study uptake was 35%. Women allocated to group care rated their overall pregnancy care more highly (88% good/very good vs 77% in usual care). There was no evidence of harm related to group care. Overarching themes from the midwives were that group care helped ‘build connections’ and ‘empower women’. All midwives would work in the model again and believed it should be expanded.

Conclusion
Group care was acceptable to both women and midwives with no evidence of harm. The pilot demonstrated the feasibility of undertaking a large adequately powered RCT, important given the inconclusive evidence on clinical outcomes regarding the model, and its current relatively widespread implementation.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12623000858695.
Exploring EFL learners’ actions during the use of lecture materials in Chinese tertiary classrooms from a transactional view
Authors: Dan Wei , Li Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLearners’ interaction with lecture materials has remained underexplored despite the growing body of studies on the use of materials. The current study explored the actions EFL learners employed during the use of lecture materials in tertiary classrooms in China through the lens of a transactional view. This empirical study involved forty-two students in two classes as well as two instructors enrolled in the Comprehensive English Course. Qualitative analysis revealed five levels of learner actions during interactions initiated by lectures: awareness, involvement, intervention, creation, and autonomy. The study further highlighted three factors that significantly influence these actions: learners’ intrinsic motivation to participate in classroom interactions, discourse space for participation, and the cultural model of learning. Pedagogical implications for enhancing learner autonomy and contributions during lecture materials use were discussed based on results.
A machine learning approach towards reviewing the role of ‘Internet of Things’ in the shipping industry
Authors: Gerakoudi Kelly , Kokosalakis Georgios , Stavroulakis Peter J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a cornerstone of the fourth industrial revolution. We adopt a machine learning approach to examine the effect of IoT technology on shipping business operations. Text mining and the probabilistic latent Dirichlet allocation are applied for an unsupervised topic modelling analysis of two hundred and twenty-eight academic papers. Our findings reveal the potential of IoT to provide more efficient approaches to business operations and improve the quality of services, highlighting the value of instant and secure information flow among all parties involved. Problematic areas of the new technology are also identified, in reference to issues of standardization and interoperability. Relatively few studies have used machine learning techniques to elicit insights into the holistic effect of emerging IoT technology in the shipping industry. The research findings highlight the potential of IoT technology to transform shipping operations, offering useful and practical implications to academics and professionals.
The characteristics and corrections of ventral support interferences in the transonic-speed wind tunnel for the blended-wing-body aircraft
Authors: Qiu Aoxiang , Sang Weimin , Du Shuya , An Bo , Li Dong , Zhang Binqian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the problem of ventral support interference in a transonic-speed wind tunnel with the blended-wing-body aircraft NPU-BWB-300 installed, the numerical simulation method based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations is used to study the influence law of aerodynamic characteristic interference with the variation of Mach numbers and angles of attack. Moreover, the characteristics of ventral support interference for blended-wing-body aircraft and conventional aircraft are compared. The relevant mechanism of the generation and change of ventral support interference is revealed by employing analysis of the body surface pressure, the shock wave of the strut, and the separation area between the strut and the aircraft. The aerodynamic characteristic interference obtained from the numerical simulation is linearized based on the principle of the least square method. Afterward, a numerical simulation correction method of ventral support interference in the transonic-speed wind tunnel for the blended-wing-body aircraft is developed. Finally, the test results after the corrections of ventral support interferences in the transonic-speed wind tunnel for NPU-BWB-300 are obtained, which is significant for the evaluation of current aerodynamic performances and subsequent optimization designs.
Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm for task scheduling in cloud computing environments
Authors: Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Jiawei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe escalation of cloud services, driven by their accessibility, improved performance, and cost-effectiveness, has led cloud service providers to consistently seek methods to expedite job completion, thereby boosting profits and reducing energy consumption expenses. Despite developing numerous scheduling algorithms, many of these techniques address only a specific objective within the scheduling process. To efficiently achieve better optimization results for the cloud task scheduling problem, a novel approach, the Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm (EWOA), is proposed. EWOA integrates the WOA with the Lévy flight. The incorporation of Lévy flight is tailored to broaden the search space of WOA, expediting convergence with adaptive crossover. The EWOA model is simulated using the Cloudsim tool and evaluated under diverse test conditions. The effectiveness of EWOA is assessed by employing various parameters and comparing them with existing algorithms. The results demonstrate that EWOA outperforms other algorithms in resource utilization, energy consumption, and execution cost, establishing its superiority in addressing the complexities of multi-objective cloud task scheduling.
Biochemical Control in Cushing's Syndrome: Outcomes of the Treatment in a Large Single Center Cohort
Authors: Ritzel Katrin , Fazel Julia , August Leah , Fedtke Vanessa , Nowak Elisabeth , Vogel Frederick , Braun Leah , Zopp Stephanie , Then Cornelia , Künzel Heike , Reisch Nicole , Zimmermann Petra , Thorsteinsdottir Jun , Schopohl Jochen , Bidlingmaier Martin , Beuschlein Felix , Reincke Martin , Rubinstein German 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Normalization of hypercortisolism is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of this analysis was to assess biochemical control rates in patients with Cushing's disease (CD), ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS), and adrenal Cushing's syndrome (ACS).

Methods
Patients with confirmed CS (n = 296) treated in a single tertiary care center were retrospectively analyzed (185 CD, 27 ECS, 84 uni- and bilateral ACS).

Results
First-line treatment led to biochemical control in 82% of the patients. Time to biochemical control (median, interquartile range) was longer in CD (11.0 weeks, 5.6-29.8; P &lt; .05) than in ACS (7.7 weeks, 4.1-17.1) and ECS (5.6 weeks, 4.1-23.3). Disease persistence or recurrence after first-line therapy was observed more often in CD (24% and 18%; P &lt; .05) than in ECS (15% and 15%) and ACS (6% and 4%). Total time in hypercortisolism since diagnosis was significantly shorter in patients with CD diagnosed since 2013, after specialized patient care was implemented, compared to patients diagnosed before 2013 (13.5 weeks vs 26.1 weeks; P &lt; .0070). Control of hypercortisolism at last follow-up (76 months, 38-163) was achieved in 94% of patients with ACS, 100% of patients with ECS, and 92% of patients with CD.

Conclusion
Biochemical control can be achieved in most patients with different subtypes of CS within a reasonable time frame. Control of hypercortisolism has improved over time.
Gαz-independent and -dependent Improvements With EPA Supplementation on the Early Type 1 Diabetes Phenotype of NOD Mice
Authors: Fenske Rachel J , Wienkes Haley N , Peter Darby C , Schaid Michael D , Hurley Liam D , Pennati Andrea , Galipeau Jacques , Kimple Michelle E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator of inflammation and is derived from the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). In the β-cell, the PGE2 receptor, Prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3), is coupled to the unique heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit, Gɑz to reduce the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a key signaling molecule that activates β-cell function, proliferation, and survival pathways. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are a strong model of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and NOD mice lacking Gɑz are protected from hyperglycemia. Therefore, limiting systemic PGE2 production could potentially improve both the inflammatory and β-cell dysfunction phenotype of T1D. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) feeding, which limits PGE2 production, on the early T1D phenotype of NOD mice in the presence and absence of Gαz. Wild-type and Gαz knockout NOD mice were fed a control or EPA-enriched diet for 12 weeks, beginning at age 4 to 5 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance, splenic T-cell populations, islet cytokine/chemokine gene expression, islet insulitis, measurements of β-cell mass, and measurements of β-cell function were quantified. EPA diet feeding and Gɑz loss independently improved different aspects of the early NOD T1D phenotype and coordinated to alter the expression of certain cytokine/chemokine genes and enhance incretin-potentiated insulin secretion. Our results shed critical light on the Gαz-dependent and -independent effects of dietary EPA enrichment and provide a rationale for future research into novel pharmacological and dietary adjuvant therapies for T1D.
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Hyperinsulinism in Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Rosenfeld Elizabeth , Mitteer Lauren M , Boodhansingh Kara , Sanders Victoria R , McKnight Heather , De Leon Diva D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is associated with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI).

Objective
To characterize the clinical and molecular features of HI in children with KS.

Design
Retrospective cohort study of children with KS and HI evaluated between 1998 and 2023.

Setting
The Congenital Hyperinsulinism Center of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Patients
Thirty-three children with KS and HI.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
HI presentation, treatment, course, and genotype.

Results
Hypoglycemia was recognized on the first day of life in 25 children (76%). Median age at HI diagnosis was 1.8 months (interquartile range [IQR], 0.6-6.1 months). Median age at KS diagnosis was 5 months (IQR, 2-14 months). Diagnosis of HI preceded KS diagnosis in 20 children (61%). Twenty-four children (73%) had a pathogenic variant in KMT2D, 5 children (15%) had a pathogenic variant in KDM6A, and 4 children (12%) had a clinical diagnosis of KS. Diazoxide trial was conducted in 25 children, 92% of whom were responsive. HI treatment was discontinued in 46% of the cohort at median age 2.8 years (IQR, 1.3-5.7 years).

Conclusion
Hypoglycemia was recognized at birth in most children with KS and HI, but HI diagnosis was often delayed. HI was effectively managed with diazoxide in most children. In contrast to prior reports, the frequency of variants in KMT2D and KDM6A were similar to their overall prevalence in individuals with KS. Children diagnosed with KS should undergo evaluation for HI, and, because KS features may not be recognized in infancy, KMT2D and KDM6A should be included in the genetic evaluation of HI.