bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic resection of intrathoracic tumors: experience with and long-term results for 26 patients
Authors: Ponce Francisco A. , Killory Brendan D. , Wait Scott D. , Theodore Nicholas , Dickman Curtis A. 
Published: January 2011

Object
Thoracoscopy may be used in place of thoracotomy to resect intrathoracic neoplasms such as paraspinal neurogenic tumors. Although these tumors are rare, they account for the majority of tumors arising in the posterior mediastinum.

Methods
A database was maintained of all patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for tumors. The authors analyzed the presenting symptoms, pathological diagnoses, and outcomes of 26 patients (7 males and 19 females, mean age 37.2 years) who were treated for intrathoracic tumors via thoracoscopy between January 1995 and May 2009. Fourteen patients were diagnosed incidentally (54%). Five patients (19%) presented with dyspnea or shortness of breath, 4 (15%) with pain, 1 (4%) with pneumonia, 1 (4%) with hoarseness, and 1 (4%) with Horner syndrome.

Results
Pathology demonstrated schwannomas in 20 patients (77%). Other diagnoses included ganglioneurofibroma, paraganglioma, epithelioid angiosarcoma, benign hemangioma, benign granular cell tumor, and infectious granuloma. One patient required conversion to open thoracotomy due to pleural scarring to the tumor. One underwent initial laminectomy due to intraspinal extension of the tumor. Gross-total resection was obtained in 25 cases (96%). The remaining patient underwent biopsy followed by radiation therapy. The mean surgical time was 2.5 hours, and the mean blood loss was 243 ml. The mean duration of chest tube insertion was 1.3 days, and the mean length of hospital stay was 3.0 days. Cases that were treated in the second half of the cohort were more often diagnosed incidentally, performed in less time, and had less blood loss than those in the first half of the cohort. There was 1 case of permanent treatment-related morbidity (mild Horner syndrome). All previously employed patients were able to return to work (mean clinical follow-up 43 months). There were no recurrences (mean imaging follow-up 54 months).

Conclusions
Endoscopic transthoracic approaches can reduce approach-related soft-tissue morbidity and facilitate recovery by preserving the normal tissues of the chest wall, by avoiding rib retraction and muscle transection, and by reducing postoperative pain. This less invasive approach thus shortens hospital stay and recovery time.
Microsatellite primers in the planktonic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Tesson Sylvie V. M. , Borra Marco , Kooistra Wiebe H. C. F. , Procaccini Gabriele 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: Seven microsatellite loci were characterized for the toxic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata Takano (Takano) to investigate intraspecific variability and estimate population genetic structure over blooms, seasons, and sexual and vegetative reproduction.• Methods and Results: Selected microsatellites consisted of di‐ and trinucleotide repeats in the core region, and showed four to twelve alleles per locus in strains of P. multistriata collected in the Gulf of Naples (Italy). Primer pairs were species‐specific since they positively amplified against conspecific strains from Portugal and Spain but failed to generate PCR products from the diatoms Pseudo‐nitzschia pseudodelicatissima (Hasle) Hasle and Leptocylindrus minimum Gran.• Conclusions: The seven selected microsatellite markers will be useful in studying population dynamics of Pseudo‐nitzschia multistriata in space and time.
Development of microsatellite loci for Blastophaga javana (Agaonidae), the pollinating wasp of Ficus hirta (Moraceae)
Authors: Tian En‐Wei , Yu Hui , Zhang Da‐Yong , Nason John D. 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: To investigate genetic structure of the pollinator and, indirectly, gene flow in its plant host, Blastophaga javana microsatellite primers were developed.• Methods and Results: Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing (FIASCO) repeats protocol. Numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to19, with observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.000 to 0.800 and from 0.000 to 0.925, respectively.• Conclusions: These markers may be useful for further investigation of population genetics of Blastophaga javana and other congeneric species.
Le développement territorial et les systèmes complexes : proposition d'un cadre analytique
Authors: Leloup Fabienne 
Published: January 2011

La diversité et l’imprévisibilité des trajectoires et des gouvernements des territoires peuvent être appréhendées par une approche fondée sur les principes de l’analyse des systèmes complexes. L’approche proposée se base sur les apports de l’économie territoriale et de l’analyse de l’action publique locale et reconstitue quatre dynamiques propres au développement territorial : la coordination d’acteurs, la mise en œuvre d’un projet, la structuration spatiale et la création de régulation. L’exemple de l’Eurométropole transfrontalière Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai illustre la démarche analytique proposée.
Lung Effector Memory and Activated CD4+ T Cells Display Enhanced Proliferation in Surfactant Protein A-Deficient Mice during Allergen-Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Pastva Amy M. , Mukherjee Sambuddho , Giamberardino Charles , Hsia Bethany , Lo Bernice , Sempowski Gregory D. , Wright Jo Rae 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough many studies have shown that pulmonary surfactant protein (SP)-A functions in innate immunity, fewer studies have addressed its role in adaptive immunity and allergic hypersensitivity. We hypothesized that SP-A modulates the phenotype and prevalence of dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells to inhibit Th2-associated inflammatory indices associated with allergen-induced inflammation. In an OVA model of allergic hypersensitivity, SP-A−/− mice had greater eosinophilia, Th2-associated cytokine levels, and IgE levels compared with wild-type counterparts. Although both OVA-exposed groups had similar proportions of CD86+ DCs and Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, the SP-A−/− mice had elevated proportions of CD4+ activated and effector memory T cells in their lungs compared with wild-type mice. Ex vivo recall stimulation of CD4+ T cell pools demonstrated that cells from the SP-A−/− OVA mice had the greatest proliferative and IL-4–producing capacity, and this capability was attenuated with exogenous SP-A treatment. Additionally, tracking proliferation in vivo demonstrated that CD4+ activated and effector memory T cells expanded to the greatest extent in the lungs of SP-A−/− OVA mice. Taken together, our data suggested that SP-A influences the prevalence, types, and functions of CD4+ T cells in the lungs during allergic inflammation and that SP deficiency modifies the severity of inflammation in allergic hypersensitivity conditions like asthma.
DAP12 Promotes IRAK-M Expression and IL-10 Production by Liver Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Restrains Their T Cell Allostimulatory Ability
Authors: Sumpter Tina L. , Packiam Vignesh , Turnquist Hēth R. , Castellaneta Antonino , Yoshida Osamu , Thomson Angus W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFreshly isolated hepatic dendritic cells (DC) are comparatively immature, relatively resistant to maturation, and can downmodulate effector T cell responses. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these properties are ill defined. DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) is an ITAM-bearing transmembrane adaptor protein that integrates signals through several receptors, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, -2, and CD200R. Notably, DC propagated from DAP12-deficient mice exhibit enhanced maturation in response to TLR ligation. Given the constitutive exposure of liver DC to endotoxin draining from the gut, we hypothesized that DAP12 might regulate liver DC maturation. We show that DAP12 is expressed by freshly isolated liver, spleen, kidney, and lung myeloid DC. Moreover, inhibition of DAP12 expression by liver DC using small interfering RNA promotes their phenotypic and functional maturation, resulting in enhanced TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p70 production, reduced secretion of IL-10, and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation. Furthermore, DAP12 silencing correlates with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in mature liver DC and with diminished expression of the IL-1R–associated kinase-M, a negative regulator of TLR signaling. These findings highlight a regulatory role for DAP12 in hepatic DC maturation, and suggest a mechanism whereby this function may be induced/maintained.
CD4 and CD8 T Cell Immune Activation during Chronic HIV Infection: Roles of Homeostasis, HIV, Type I IFN, and IL-7
Authors: Catalfamo Marta , Wilhelm Christopher , Tcheung Lueng , Proschan Michael , Friesen Travis , Park Jung-Hyun , Adelsberger Joseph , Baseler Michael , Maldarelli Frank , Davey Richard , Roby Gregg , Rehm Catherine , Lane Clifford 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Immune activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV disease. Although the causes are not fully understood, the forces that lead to immune dysfunction differ for CD4 and CD8 T cells. In this study, we report that the molecular pathways that drive immune activation during chronic HIV infection are influenced by differences in the homeostatic regulation of the CD4 and CD8 T cell pools. Proliferation of CD4 T cells is controlled more tightly by CD4 T cell numbers than is CD8 T cell proliferation. This difference reflects the importance of maintaining a polyclonal CD4 T cell pool in host surveillance. Both pools of T cells were found to be driven by viral load and its associated state of inflammation. In the setting of HIV-induced lymphopenia, naive CD4 T cells were recruited mainly into the proliferating pool in response to CD4 T cell depletion, whereas naive CD8 T cell proliferation was driven mainly by levels of HIV RNA. RNA analysis revealed increased expression of genes associated with type I IFN and common γ chain cytokine signaling in CD4 T cell subsets and only type I IFN-associated genes in CD8 T cell subsets. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-α and increased expression of the IFNAR1 transcripts in naive and memory CD4 T cells compared with that observed in CD8 T cells. CD4 T cell subsets also showed enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation in response to exogenous IL-7.
Limiting the Amount and Duration of Antigen Exposure during Priming Increases Memory T Cell Requirement for Costimulation during Recall
Authors: Floyd Tamara L. , Koehn Brent H. , Kitchens William H. , Robertson Jennifer M. , Cheeseman Jennifer A. , Stempora Linda , Larsen Christian P. , Ford Mandy L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDonor-reactive memory T cells (Tmem) can play an important role in mediating graft rejection after transplantation. Transplant recipients acquire donor-reactive Tmem not only through prior sensitization with alloantigens but also through previous exposure to environmental pathogens that are cross-reactive with allogeneic peptide–MHC complexes. Current dogma suggests that most, if not all, Tmem responses are independent of the requirement for CD28 and/or CD154/CD40-mediated costimulation to mount a recall response. However, heterogeneity among Tmem is increasingly being appreciated, and one important factor known to impact the function and phenotype of Ag-specific T cell responses is the amount/duration of Ag exposure. Importantly, the impact of Ag exposure on development of costimulation independence is currently unknown. In this study, we interrogated the effect of decreased Ag amount/duration during priming on the ability of donor-reactive Tmem to mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection during a recall response after transplantation in a murine model. Recipients possessing donor-reactive Tmem responses that were generated under conditions of reduced Ag exposure exhibited similar frequencies of Ag-specific T cells at day 30 postinfection, but, strikingly, failed to mediate costimulation blockade-resistant rejection after challenge with an OVA-expressing skin graft. Thus, these data demonstrate the amount/duration of Ag exposure is a critical factor in determining Tmem’s relative requirement for costimulation during the recall response after transplantation.
Technical note: Image guided internal fiducial placement for stereotactic radiosurgery (CyberKnife)
Authors: Mallarajapatna Govindarajan Janardan , Susheela Sridhar Papaiah , Kallur Kumar Gangadharaiah , Ramanna Nagaraj Kanakapura , Ramachandra Prashant Guthlu , Shivalingappa Shivakumar Swamy ,   Sudhakar
Published: January 2011

AbstractInternal gold fiducials are necessary for tracking the translational and rotational movements of target lesions during stereotactic radiosurgery. The fiducials are generally placed under image guidance in and around the lesions by interventional radiologists. Specific challenges are encountered during the procedure. This article discusses the basic principles and techniques as well as the specific complications.
Technical note: Reduction of radiation dose using ultrasound guidance during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure
Authors: Livingstone Roshan S , Keshava Shyamkumar N 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure for decompression of the portal venous system generally performed under fluoroscopic guidance has undergone continuous technical modifications recently. Due to the length of the procedure, the fluoroscopy times are reasonably high, thus increasing the risk from ionizing radiation. Radiation doses were measured for 19 patients using dose area product (DAP) meter. The average DAP value for the TIPS procedure was 63.86 Gy cm 2 (21.12-117.07). Radiation doses to patients can be reduced with the use of USG guidance and intermittent fluoroscopy screening.
Case report: Varicosity of the communicating vein between the left renal vein and the left ascending lumbar vein mimicking a renal artery aneurysm: Report of an unusual site of varicose veins and a novel hypothesis to explain its association with abdominal pain
Authors: Jakhere Sandeep G , Yadav Deepak A , Tuplondhe Gorakhnath R 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA communicating vein between the left renal vein and the left ascending lumbar vein has only rarely been reported in the imaging literature. There are very few reports of varicosity of this communicating vein. Nonetheless, awareness about this communicating vein is of utmost importance for surgeons performing aortoiliac surgeries and nephrectomies as it may pose technical difficulties during surgery or cause life-threatening retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Varicosity of this venous channel may be mistaken for paraaortic lymphadenopathy, adrenal pseudo-mass, or renal artery aneurysm. We report a case of a patient with varicosity of this communicating vein, which mimicked a left renal artery aneurysm. A novel hypothesis is also proposed to explain the relationship with abdominal pain.
Pictorial essay: Congenital anomalies of male urethra in children
Authors: Jana Manisha , Gupta Arun K , Prasad Kundum R , Goel Sandeep , Tambade Vishal D , Sinha Upasna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the male urogenital tract are common. Some lesions like posterior urethral valve or anterior urethral diverticulum tend to present early in infancy and are often easily diagnosed on conventional contrast voiding cystourethrograms. Other conditions like posterior urethral diverticulum or utricle can be relatively asymptomatic and therefore present late in childhood. We present the spectrum of imaging findings of common and uncommon anomalies involving the male urethra. Since the pediatric radiologist is often the first to make the diagnosis, he or she should be well aware of these conditions.
Case series: Diffusion weighted MRI appearance in prostatic abscess
Authors: Singh Paramjeet , Yadav Mukesh K , Singh Shrawan K , Lal Anupam , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Diffusion: weighted MRI (DWI) is a novel technique that analyzes the diffusion of water molecules in vivo. DWI has been used extensively in the central nervous system. Its use in body imaging is on the rise. In the prostate, it has been used in the evaluation of prostatic carcinoma. We present DWI findings in two patients of prostatic abscess.
Pictorial essay: The many faces of craniosynostosis
Authors: Khanna Paritosh C , Thapa Mahesh M , Iyer Ramesh S , Prasad Shashank S 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCraniosynostosis is a common condition in the pediatric age group, which may either be isolated or may present as part of a craniofacial syndrome. This pictorial review illustrates the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of craniosynostosis, the various types of craniosynostoses, common craniofacial syndromes and the role of imaging in their diagnosis and management.
Case report: Intra-atrial course of right coronary artery: Evaluation by dual-source CT
Authors: Christopher Johann , Duraikannu Chary 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a case of an anomalous course of the right coronary artery (RCA) through the right atrium, which was evaluated using dual-source CT angiography. There have been a few cases described previously in literature, but most of them were found either during surgery or at autopsy. Although this variant is clinically benign, it has significant consequences during interventional procedures or bypass surgery.
Organização de serviços de emergência hospitalar: uma revisão integrativa de pesquisas
Authors: Azevedo Ana Lídia De Castro Sajioro , Pereira Ana Paula , Lemos Carolina , Coelho Mônica Franco , Chaves Lucieli Dias Pedreschi 
Published: January 2011

doi: 10.5216/ree.v12i4.6585 A organização de serviços de urgência/emergência propicia elementos para assistência qualificada integral e contínua aos usuários. Trata-se de revisão integrativa de literatura com objetivo de sintetizar produção científica latino americana sobre organização dos serviços de urgência/emergência hospitalar no período de 1988 a março de 2010. Os dados foram coletados em base eletrônica (LILACS) e registrados em instrumento específico. A amostra totalizou 41 publicações. Os artigos foram agrupados por similaridade de conteúdo: aspectos estruturais do sistema de saúde, 12 artigos (29,3%), aspectos estruturais hospitalares, 10 artigos (24,4%) e qualidade da assistência, 19 artigos (46,3%). O crescimento do número de acidentes, violência urbana e insuficiente estruturação da rede de serviços de saúde são fatores que têm contribuído decisivamente para a sobrecarga dos serviços de urgência/emergência. O conhecimento desta realidade é de importância fundamental, no sentido de valorizar as necessidades de reestruturação do atual sistema de saúde, na perspectiva de consolidação dos princípios do SUS. Descritores: Serviços Médicos de Emergência; Organização e Administração; Enfermagem.
Application of Photons and Neutrons for the Characterization and Development of Advanced Steels
Authors: Eidenberger Elisabeth , Schnitzer Ronald , Zickler Gerald A. , Schober Michael , Bischof Michael , Staron Peter , Leitner Harald , Schreyer Andreas , Clemens Helmut 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFollowing the request of tailor‐made high‐performance properties, it is essential for the development of modern steels to gain detailed knowledge on all aspects of their intrinsic structure and the evolution of their microstructural constituents, especially precipitates, during processing and heat treatments. In this work, a short review is given on how synchrotron radiation and neutrons have been used by our group to study the microstructure of advanced steels in the last years. Special emphasis is laid on the measurement details, the employed equipment and the developments herein. Additionally, the drawn conclusions on the microstructural development of the investigated alloys are highlighted and possible ways to combine the described scattering techniques with complementary experimental methods are pointed out.
In Situ High Temperature X‐Ray Diffraction Reveals Residual Stress Depth‐Profiles in Blasted TiN Hard Coatings
Authors: Bartosik M. , Pitonak R. , Keckes J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is used to characterize residual stress depth‐profiles and volume‐averaged residual stresses in blasted 9 µm thick TiN coatings on WC/Co substrates in the temperature range of 25–1100 °C using a dedicated high temperature attachment from Anton Paar GmbH. Room temperature measurements reveal that the blasting process changes the almost constant tensile residual stress of 560 MPa across the coating to compressive stress which decreases exponentially within the coating surface region of 1–3 µm. The magnitude of the compressive stresses is dependent on the particle pressure used during the blasting process. Heating up results in rapid compressive stress relaxation already at relatively low temperatures and is accompanied by relaxation of stresses of II and III order. During cooling down from 1100 °C, tensile residual stresses are formed. After reaching the original stress value of about 560 MPa, the tensile stresses do not increase upon cooling anymore but are relaxed by cracks. The analysis of diffraction peaks shows that blasting results in anisotropic nano‐structural changes in the coating surface. In summary, the approach documents that HT‐XRD can provide important insights into the high temperature behavior of engineering components.
Behavioral response of a chimpanzee mother toward her dead infant
Authors: Cronin Katherine A. , van Leeuwen Edwin J.C. , Mulenga Innocent Chitalu , Bodamer Mark D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe mother–offspring bond is one of the strongest and most essential social bonds. Following is a detailed behavioral report of a female chimpanzee 2 days after her 16‐month‐old infant died, on the first day that the mother is observed to create distance between her and the corpse. A series of repeated approaches and retreats to and from the body are documented, along with detailed accounts of behaviors directed toward the dead infant by the mother and other group members. The behavior of the mother toward her dead infant not only highlights the maternal contribution to the mother–infant relationship but also elucidates the opportunities chimpanzees have to learn about the sensory cues associated with death, and the implications of death for the social environment. Am. J. Primatol. 73:415–421, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly efficient amine‐based catalytic system for room temperature Suzuki–Miyaura reactions of aryl halides with arylboronic acids
Authors: Das Pankaj , Sarmah Chandan , Tairai Archana , Bora Utpal 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn in situ‐generated catalytic system based on PdCl2 and primary amine‐based ligand exhibited excellent activity (up to 98% isolated yield) in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids in water, at room temperature, without any additive. The efficiencies of the ligands follow the order: (C6H5)3CNH2 > C6H5CH2 NH2 > C6H5 NH2 > C6H11 NH2, which is in accordance with the palladacycle forming capacity of the respective ligands. Moderate‐to‐good yields (up to 78% isolated yield) of the coupling products were also obtained with less reactive aryl chlorides as substrates at room temperature in isopropanol using an alternative protocol based on Pd(OAc)2 and (C6H5)3CNH2. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.