bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock Market Declines and Liquidity
Authors: HAMEED ALLAUDEEN , KANG WENJIN , VISWANATHAN S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTConsistent with recent theoretical models where binding capital constraints lead to sudden liquidity dry‐ups, we find that negative market returns decrease stock liquidity, especially during times of tightness in the funding market. The asymmetric effect of changes in aggregate asset values on liquidity and commonality in liquidity cannot be fully explained by changes in demand for liquidity or volatility effects. We document interindustry spillover effects in liquidity, which are likely to arise from capital constraints in the market making sector. We also find economically significant returns to supplying liquidity following periods of large drops in market valuations.
Time Variation in Liquidity: The Role of Market‐Maker Inventories and Revenues
Authors: COMERTON‐FORDE CAROLE , HENDERSHOTT TERRENCE , JONES CHARLES M. , MOULTON PAMELA C. , SEASHOLES MARK S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe show that market‐maker balance sheet and income statement variables explain time variation in liquidity, suggesting liquidity‐supplier financing constraints matter. Using 11 years of NYSE specialist inventory positions and trading revenues, we find that aggregate market‐level and specialist firm‐level spreads widen when specialists have large positions or lose money. The effects are nonlinear and most prominent when inventories are big or trading results have been particularly poor. These sensitivities are smaller after specialist firm mergers, consistent with deep pockets easing financing constraints. Finally, compared to low volatility stocks, the liquidity of high volatility stocks is more sensitive to inventories and losses.
The Impact of Deregulation and Financial Innovation on Consumers: The Case of the Mortgage Market
Authors: GERARDI KRISTOPHER S. , ROSEN HARVEY S. , WILLEN PAUL S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe develop a technique to assess the impact of changes in mortgage markets on households, exploiting an implication of the permanent income hypothesis: The higher a household's expected future income, the higher its desired consumption, ceteris paribus. With perfect credit markets, desired consumption matches actual consumption and current spending forecasts future income. Because credit market imperfections mute this effect, the extent to which house spending predicts future income measures the “imperfectness” of mortgage markets. Using micro‐data, we find that since the early 1980s, mortgage markets have become less imperfect in this sense, and securitization has played an important role.
Long‐term outcomes for cross‐arch stabilizing bridges in periodontal maintenance patients – a retrospective study
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: January 2010

Fardal Ø, Linden GJ. Long‐term outcomes for cross‐arch stabilizing bridges in periodontal maintenance patients – a retrospective study. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 299–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01528.x.AbstractBackground: Cross‐arch bridges are used to stabilize teeth for patients with reduced periodontal support. Little is known about technical or biological complications, whether teeth and implants can be combined in this type of bridge and the long‐term effects on tooth loss.Materials and methods: All patients treated in a specialist periodontal practice who received cross‐arch stabilizing bridgework and were subsequently maintained for at least 7 years were included in the study. The patients were selected from all patients who underwent initial periodontal therapy after 1986 in a Norwegian periodontal practice. The bridges were assessed for biological and technical complications. Bridges retained by teeth or by a combination of teeth and implants were included in the study.Results: Ninety‐four rigid fixed bridges (77 teeth supported, 17 teeth and implant supported) in 80 patients (46 females, 34 males) were observed for an average of 10 years (range 7–22 years). In four patients, a bridge became loose and had to be re‐cemented, and in one case the metal framework of a bridge fractured and the bridge had to be remade. In total, eight abutment teeth were lost from five patients but no implant abutments were lost. Overall, a higher rate of tooth loss was observed for patients provided with stabilizing bridges compared with control maintenance patients not treated with bridgework (p<0.0001); however, the rates in both groups were very low.Conclusion: Cross‐arch stabilizing bridges constructed for periodontal patients as part of their periodontal maintenance therapy had few complications and were associated with low rates of abutment tooth loss. Combining teeth and implants did not affect the performance of these bridges.
Involvement of ERK1/2, p38 and PI3K in megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells
Authors: Conde Isabel , Pabón Dina , Jayo Asier , Lastres Pedro , González‐Manchón Consuelo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMegakaryocytic differentiation of myelogenous leukemia cell lines induced by a number of chemical compounds mimics, in part, the physiological process that takes place in the bone marrow in response to a variety of stimuli. We have investigated the involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and p38] and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways in the differentiated phenotypes of K562 cells promoted by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, staurosporine (STA), and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190. In our experimental conditions, only STA‐treated cells showed the phenotype of mature megakaryocytes (MKs) including GPIbα expression, DNA endoreduplication, and formation of platelet‐like structures. We provide evidence supporting that basal activity, but not sustained activation, of ERK1/2 is required for expression of MK surface markers. Moreover, ERK1/2 signaling is not involved in cell endomitosis. The PI3K pathway exerts dual regulatory effects on K562 cell differentiation: it is intimately connected with ERK1/2 cascade to stimulate expression of surface markers and it is also necessary, but not sufficient, for polyploidization. Finally, apoptosis and megakaryocytic differentiation exhibit different sensitivity to p38 down‐regulation: it is required for expression of early specific markers but is not involved in cell apoptosis. The present work with K562 cells provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating MK differentiation. The results indicate that a precise orchestration of signals, including ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs as well as PI3K pathway, is necessary for acquisition of features of mature MKs.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Contribution of Interferon‐γ Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms to Pre‐Eclampsia in China
Authors: Chen Li‐Juan , Gao Hui , Zhou Hao , Zou Li , Zou Ping 
Published: January 2010

Citation Chen L‐J, Gao H, Zhou H, Zou L, Zou P. Contribution of interferon‐γ receptor 1 gene polymorphisms to pre‐eclampsia in China. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 331–338Problem  As gene polymorphisms of cytokines receptors have been found to significantly influence cell responses to cytokines, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IFN‐γ receptor 1 (IFNGR1) gene polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia.Method of study  One hundred and sixty‐four pre‐eclamptic patients (121 patients with mild pre‐eclampsia and 43 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia) and 171 controls were included. Polymorphisms of the IFNGR1 gene at positions −611, −270, +56 and +95 were genotyped with the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.Results  This study showed a positive association between −56C/C genotype (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.7) and pre‐eclampsia. Although the genotype frequencies (except for −56C/C) of the two polymorphisms were comparable between cases and controls, higher frequency of the −611A/−56C haplotype (OR = 1.450; 95% CI = 1.070–1.966) was noticed in patients versus controls. All patients and controls were homozygous for the −270T/T and +95T/T genotypes. Specifically, the frequency of the −56C allele (OR = 1.838; 95% CI = 1.127–2.995) was higher among patients with severe pre‐eclampsia.Conclusion  The IFNGR1 gene polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia in our population.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Enhanced Maternal Anti‐Fetal Immunity Contributes to the Severity of Hypertensive Disorder Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: Liu Li‐Ping , Huang Wei , Lu Yue‐Chao , Liao Ai‐Hua 
Published: January 2010

Citation Liu L‐P, Huang W, Lu Y‐C, Liao A‐H. Enhanced maternal anti‐fetal immunity contributes to the severity of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010Problem  The aim of this study was to evaluate how fetal monocyte activation and maternal anti‐fetal antigen‐specific antibody‐secreting cells (ASC) affect the severity of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP).Method of study  Forty‐six healthy third‐trimester pregnant women and 20 patients with gestational hypertension, 20 with mild pre‐ecalmpsia and another 20 with severe pre‐eclampsia were included in the study. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) release from cord blood monocytes was examined by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, the maternal anti‐fetal antigen‐specific ASC were detected by enzyme‐linked immunospot assay.Results  A significantly increased percentage of IL‐6‐positive monocytes were detected in the cord blood of study groups compared with the controls (P < 0.01). The percentage of IL‐6‐positive monocytes was increased as the disease progressed (P < 0.05). There were more anti‐fetal antigen‐specific ASC in the study groups than those in the controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the anti‐fetal antigen‐specific ASC showed difference in gestational hypertensive and severe pre‐eclamptic groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion  We conclude that the fetal monocyte activation and the increase in maternal anti‐fetal antigen‐specific ASC were related to the incidence and severity of HDCP. These results provide both indirect and direct evidence for the occurrence of exaggerated maternal humoral immunity against the fetal antigens in HDCP.
In vivo immunomodulatory effects of dietary purple sweet potato after immunization in chicken
Authors: HANIEH Hamza , GERILE Chaogetu , NARABARA Kiyoaki , GU Zhigang , ABE Asaki , KONDO Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis study was intended to determine the modulatory effects of dietary supplementation of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batats Poir., PSP) on the immune response of chickens. PSP was included in a basal starter diet by 1% (PSPL) or 3% (PSPH) and continually fed. Newcastle disease (NDV) vaccine, Brucella abortus (BA) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used for chicken immunization. Antibody titers against these antigens were used to estimate humoral immunity. Concanavalin A (Con A)‐induced proliferations of splenocytes, thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), ratios of CD4‐ and CD8‐single positive and CD4‐CD8‐double negative (DN) cells in splenocytes, were both used to indicate cellular immunity. Relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied. PSPH increased anti‐NDV (P < 0.05), anti‐BA (P < 0.01) and anti‐SRBC titers (P < 0.05) in response to secondary immunization, whereas PSPL increased titers of anti‐BA (P < 0.05) and anti‐SRBC (P < 0.01). Proliferations of splenocytes and thymocytes were augmented with PSPL (P < 0.05). PSPH‐treated chickens had lower (P < 0.05) ratios of CD4‐sigle positive lymphocytes. Proliferation of PBL, weights of lymphoid organs and WBC counts were not affected. These results suggest that dietary PSP supplementation could enhance the immune response after immunization in chickens.
Changes in Structure, Composition, and Nutrients During 15 Yr of Hurricane‐Induced Succession in a Subtropical Wet Forest in Puerto Rico
Authors: Heartsill Scalley Tamara , Scatena Fred N. , Lugo Ariel E. , Moya Samuel , Estrada Ruiz Carlos R. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe trajectory of hurricane‐induced succession was evaluated in a network of forest plots measured immediately before and 3 mo, 5, 10, and 15 yr after the direct impact of a Category 4 hurricane. Comparisons of forest structure, composition, and aboveground nutrients pools were made through time, and between species, life‐history groups and geomorphic settings. The hurricane reduced aboveground biomass by 50 percent, causing an immediate decrease in stem density and diversity indices among all geomorphic settings. After 15 yr, basal area and aboveground biomass returned to pre‐hurricane levels, while species richness, diversity indices, and stem densities exceeded pre‐hurricane levels. Differences in species composition among geomorphic settings had not returned after 15 yr but differences in stem densities and structure were beginning to emerge. Significant differences were observed in the nutrient concentration of the three species that comprised the most aboveground biomass, and between species categorized as secondary high‐light species and primary, low‐light species. Species whose abundance was negatively correlated with the mature forest dominant also had distinct nutrient concentrations. When total aboveground nutrient pools were compared over time, differences in leaf nutrients among species were hidden by similarities in wood nutrient concentrations and the biomass dominance of a few species. The observed successional trajectory indicates that changes in species composition contributed to fast recovery of aboveground biomass and nutrient pools, while the influence of geomorphic setting on species composition occurs at time scales >15 yr of succession.
Unanticipated Effects of Stand Dynamism on Amazonian Tree Diversity
Authors: Laurance Susan G. W. , Andrade Ana , Laurance William F. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe assessed a general hypothesis of tropical tree diversity that predicts that species richness will be positively correlated with stand dynamism. Our analysis was based one of the largest and longest‐running datasets on Amazonian trees (≥10 cm diameter at breast height), with data collected over a 23‐yr period within 66 1 ha plots spanning a large (1000 km2) landscape. Within these plots, maximum tree‐species richness (329 species/ha) and Fisher's α values (227.5) were among the highest ever recorded. Contrary to the diversity‐dynamism concept, tree species richness in our landscape was significantly and negatively associated with stand dynamism (measured as the mean rate of annual tree turnover). Because of this unexpected finding, we critically re‐evaluated the relationship between stand dynamism and tree diversity across the Amazon basin and the tropics as a whole. With the inclusion of additional data we found that the relationship between stand dynamism and tree diversity becomes non‐significant at larger spatial scales.
Host‐Specific Myrmecophily and Myrmecophagy in the Tropical Coccinellid Diomus thoracicus in French Guiana
Authors: Vantaux Amélie , Roux Olivier , Magro Alexandra , Ghomsi Nathan Tene , Gordon Robert D. , Dejean Alain , Orivel Jérôme 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTA variety of arthropods, particularly insects, have developed myrmecophilous interactions with ants to gain access to resources and/or for protection. Among these myrmecophiles, only a few examples have been documented in the Coccinellidae, most of them involving species able to feed on ant‐tended Hemiptera. We report here a new case of obligate myrmecophily in the coccinellid Diomus thoracicus. Larvae are invariably and exclusively found in the nests of the ant Wasmannia auropunctata and seem to rely on ant brood as their only food source. Not only do ant workers show no aggressiveness toward the D. thoracicus larvae in their behavioral interactions at the colonial level, but also at the species level; while coccinellid adults are always attacked. The integration of the larvae inside of the ant nests is based on their chemical mimicry of the host's cuticular cues. Therefore, given the presence of the D. thoracicus larvae inside of the ant's nest, their predation on Wasmannia brood and their chemical mimicry, this species can be considered a specific parasite of W. auropunctata. Overall, this new case of myrmecophily not only specifically involves a highly invasive ant species, but also provides insights into the evolution of myrmecophily and myrmecophagy in coccinellids.
Implications of the remarkable homogeneity of galaxy groups and clusters
Authors: Balogh Michael L. , McGee Sean L. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We measure the diversity of galaxy groups and clusters with mass M &gt; 1013h−1 M⊙, in terms of the star formation history of their galaxy populations, for the purpose of constraining the mass scale at which environmentally important processes play a role in galaxy evolution. We consider three different group catalogues, selected in different ways, with photometry and spectroscopy from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For each system, we measure the fraction of passively evolving galaxies within R200 and brighter than either Mr=−18 (and with z &lt; 0.05) or Mr=−20 (and z &lt; 0.1). We use the (u−g) and (r−i) galaxy colours to distinguish between star-forming and passively evolving galaxies. By considering the binomial distribution expected from the observed number of members in each cluster, we are able to either recover the intrinsic scatter in this fraction or put robust 95 per cent confidence upper limits on its value. The intrinsic standard deviation in the fraction of passive galaxies is consistent with a small value of ≲0.1 in most mass bins for all three samples. There is no strong trend with mass; even groups with M∼ 1013h−1 M⊙ are consistent with such a small, intrinsic distribution. We compare these results with theoretical models of the accretion history to show that, if environment plays a role in transforming galaxies, such effects must occur first at mass scales far below that of rich clusters, at most M∼ 1013 M⊙.
In Vivo Photoacoustic Monitoring of Photosensitizer Distribution in Burned Skin for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Hirao Akihiro , Sato Shunichi , Saitoh Daizoh , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Ashida Hiroshi , Obara Minoru 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor efficient antibacterial photodynamic therapy for wounds, information on the distribution of a photosensitizer in tissue is important, but conventional fluorescence measurement does not provide depth‐resolved information. We previously proposed in vivo photoacoustic (PA) depth profiling of a photosensitizer, but the contrast of PA signals was not sufficiently high, mainly due to light absorption by blood in tissue. In this study, we performed dual‐wavelength PA measurement; green light and red light were used to excite blood and photosensitzer, respectively, and the former signal was subtracted from the latter signal to compensate a blood‐associated component. Methylene blue or porfimer sodium solution was injected into subcutaneous tissue in rats with deep dermal burn and two‐dimensional PA measurement was performed. The signal subtraction diminished not only the signal originating from blood but also the signal originating from the stratum corneum and acoustic reflection noise, creating a high‐contrast PA image. The distribution of PA signals was confirmed to coincide well with the distribution of photosensitizer‐originating fluorescence measured for tissue biopsied after the PA measurement, demonstrating the validity of this method for in vivo photosensitizer dosimetry. On the basis of this method, temporal behaviors of two photosensitizers were compared.
Sequential Expectations: The Role of Prediction‐Based Learning in Language
Authors: Misyak Jennifer B. , Christiansen Morten H. , Bruce Tomblin J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrediction‐based processes appear to play an important role in language. Few studies, however, have sought to test the relationship within individuals between prediction learning and natural language processing. This paper builds upon existing statistical learning work using a novel paradigm for studying the on‐line learning of predictive dependencies. Within this paradigm, a new “prediction task” is introduced that provides a sensitive index of individual differences for developing probabilistic sequential expectations. Across three interrelated experiments, the prediction task and results thereof are used to bridge knowledge of the empirical relation between statistical learning and language within the context of nonadjacency processing. We first chart the trajectory for learning nonadjacencies, documenting individual differences in prediction learning. Subsequent simple recurrent network simulations then closely capture human performance patterns in the new paradigm. Finally, individual differences in prediction performances are shown to strongly correlate with participants’ sentence processing of complex, long‐distance dependencies in natural language.
The Hidden Markov Topic Model: A Probabilistic Model of Semantic Representation
Authors: Andrews Mark , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a model that learns semantic representations from the distributional statistics of language. This model, however, goes beyond the common bag‐of‐words paradigm, and infers semantic representations by taking into account the inherent sequential nature of linguistic data. The model we describe, which we refer to as a Hidden Markov Topics model, is a natural extension of the current state of the art in Bayesian bag‐of‐words models, that is, the Topics model of Griffiths, Steyvers, and Tenenbaum (2007), preserving its strengths while extending its scope to incorporate more fine‐grained linguistic information.
JNK1 Mediates Degradation HIF-1α by a VHL-Independent Mechanism that Involves the Chaperones Hsp90/Hsp70
Authors: Zhang Dongyun , Li Jingxia , Costa Max , Gao Jimin , Huang Chuanshu 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a master transcription factor that is critical for the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. HIF-1α is rapidly degraded under normoxic conditions by ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway controlled by the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Several recent studies reveal that heat-shock proteins (Hsp) can regulate HIF-1α protein degradation by a VHL-independent pathway. Here, we demonstrate that the stress kinase c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) is required for Hsp-dependent regulation of HIF-1α. Stabilization of HIF-1α was impaired in JNK1−/− cells but could be rescued by JNK1 reconstitution under hypoxic conditions. These effects could be phenocopied in other cell settings by JNK1 silencing. Accordingly, HIF-1 transcriptional activity and target gene expression were dramatically reduced in JNK1−/− cells. Further, decreased levels of endogenous Hsp90/Hsp70 proteins in JNK1−/− cells affected the protective roles of these chaperones in stabilizing newly synthesized HIF-1α, whereas enforced expression of Hsp90/Hsp70 in JNK1−/− cells increased HIF-1α stability relative to parental control cells. Furthering this connection, we also found that defective expression of the Hsp90 acetyltransferase HDAC6 in JNK1−/− cells was associated with reduced Hsp90 chaperone activity. Taken together, our studies define a novel function for JNK1 in regulating HIF-1α turnover by a VHL-independent mechanism. Cancer Res; 70(2); 813–23