bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of cancer on spouses' labor earnings
Authors: Syse Astri , Tretli Steinar , Kravdal Øystein 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cancer affects patients' incomes, but to the authors' knowledge few studies to date have examined how the income of the patients' spouses may be influenced. In this population‐based study from Norway, the effects of cancer on both partners' earnings are analyzed.METHODS:The difference between labor earnings the year before the cancer diagnosis and that 2, 5, or 8 years later was compared with the difference in earnings over a corresponding period for similar persons without cancer, applying linear regression models to national registry data. Approximately 1.1 million married persons ages 35 to 59 years were included, among them 17,250 persons diagnosed with cancer during 1991 through 1999.RESULTS:Two and 5 years after a cancer diagnosis, married men experienced lower earnings than they would have absent the illness. Cancer in wives, however, did not affect men's earnings. Women's earnings were adversely influenced to the same extent by their own as by their spouses' cancer. Brain, lung, and colorectal cancer in male spouses produced the most adverse effects on women's earnings. All effects were most pronounced for women no longer married.CONCLUSIONS:Women's earnings are lower after both their own and their spouses' cancer illness, and divorced and widowed women experience the most pronounced reduction after spousal cancer. Men's earnings are lower only if they are diagnosed themselves. This may reflect traditional sex roles, with men as main breadwinners and women as caregivers. For family households, cancer in men may result in greater financial difficulties than cancer among women, although the effect will depend on breadwinner roles before diagnosis. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4350–61. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cancer‐Specific beliefs and survival in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Soler‐Vilá Hosanna , Dubrow Robert , Franco Vivian I. , Saathoff Andrea K. , Kasl Stanislav V. , Jones Beth A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Associations between cancer‐specific beliefs (beliefs) and survival have been observed among other cancer populations, but similar research in CRC patients is virtually nonexistent, especially in racially diverse populations. The relationship between beliefs and survival was investigated in a cohort of African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic CRC, followed for up to 15 years.METHODS:The authors analyzed data from a population‐based cohort of 286 individuals (115 African Americans and 171 whites, approximately 52% women) diagnosed with nonmetastatic CRC in Connecticut, 1987 to 1991. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for sociodemographic (age, sex, race, education, income, occupational status, marital status) and biomedical (stage at diagnosis, histological grade, treatment) variables.RESULTS:Not believing in the curability of cancer increased the risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐2.39) and CRC‐specific mortality (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.90‐3.03; P = .10). These multivariate estimates were not altered by additional adjustment for insurance coverage, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, or comorbidity. Furthermore, the association between perceived curability and survival did not vary significantly by key sociodemographic or biomedical factors. Other beliefs were not associated with survival.CONCLUSIONS:Among a racially diverse cohort of men and women with CRC, believing in the curability of cancer was independently associated with survival over a 15‐year period. Confirmation of the role of cancer‐specific beliefs on survival and study of the potential biobehavioral mechanisms is needed. Findings may inform the design of interventions for cancer survivors. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4270–82. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of adaptation in patients living long term with advanced cancer
Authors: Rose Julia Hannum , Kypriotakis George , Bowman Karen F. , Einstadter Douglas , O'Toole Elizabeth E. , Mechekano Rhoderick , Dawson Neal V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:With improved treatment, increasing proportions of patients with advanced cancer are surviving longer with their disease: into a second year after diagnosis and beyond. These longer term survivors face continuing challenges in selecting and shifting personal life goals and goals of care over years (rather than months) of life with incurable cancer. Studies are needed to explore adaptation over time in patients who are living longer term with late‐stage cancer, including anxiety, depression, and spiritual well being, which are conceptualized as indicators of psychospiritual well being in patients with advanced cancer.METHODS:Psychospiritual well being and adaptation were explored in a study of middle‐aged and older patients with advanced cancer (N = 142) who survived into a second year after diagnosis and were assessed in interviews across 4 time points. Examining patterns of adaptation over time called for in depth analytical techniques to identify variation in key outcome trajectories. General growth mixture modeling was used to explore heterogeneity in adaptation using a multivariate parallel model of anxiety, depression. and spiritual well being.RESULTS:Modeling revealed 3 distinct group trajectories of psychospiritual well being and adaptation (low‐worsening, moderate‐improving, and high‐stable). Age and education were correlated with group membership. Advanced cancer survivors who were older and had more years of education were more likely to be members of the high‐stable group in psychospiritual adaptation throughout the study.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings suggested that psychospiritual adaptation, as measured in this study, is not uniform but is characterized by heterogeneous trajectories. The results contribute to the development of better hypotheses regarding the processes of adaptation in longer term survivors with advanced cancer and to the identification of potential subgroups at greatest risk for poor outcomes. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4298–310. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Design and recruitment of the Chicago Healthy Living Study
Authors: Stolley Melinda R. , Sharp Lisa K. , Arroyo Claudia , Ruffin Cherese , Restrepo Jacqueline , Campbell Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adult childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk for developing late medical effects related to their cancer treatments. Health‐promoting behaviors may reduce the risk of some late effects and the severity of others. This article describes the design and recruitment of the Chicago Healthy Living Study (CHLS), an on‐going study designed to examine the health behaviors and body mass index of minority adult childhood cancer survivors compared with nonminority survivors and noncancer controls.METHODS:Survivors are identified by the hospital cancer registries at 5 treating institutions in the Chicago area; then, a multilevel recruitment plan will be implemented with the objective of enrolling 450 adult survivors of childhood cancer (150 in each racial/ethnic group). Simultaneously, 375 adult African‐American, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white noncancer controls (125 in each racial/ethnic group) living in the Chicago area will be recruited by using listed, targeted digit dialing. All participants will complete a 2‐hour interview of questionnaires related to diet, physical activity, smoking, and associated mediators. Height and weight also will be measured.CONCLUSIONS:The CHLS will provide important information on the health behaviors of adult minority childhood cancer survivors that can be used to inform the development of interventions to improve modifiable risks. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4385–96. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Family psychosocial risk, distress, and service utilization in pediatric cancer
Authors: Alderfer Melissa A. , Mougianis Ifigenia , Barakat Lamia P. , Beele David , DiTaranto Susan , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Reilly Anne T. , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The way families negotiate diagnosis and early treatment for pediatric cancer sets the stage for their adaptation throughout treatment and survivorship. The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief parent‐report screener capable of systematically identifying families at risk for problems of adaptation. The current study evaluated stability and predictive validity of PAT psychosocial risk classification with regard to distress, family functioning, and the use of psychosocial services over the first 4 months of treatment.METHODS:Caregivers of children with cancer completed the PAT and measures of distress and family functioning at diagnosis and again 4 months into treatment. At the second time point, social workers completed checklists of services provided and rated the intensity of their work with each family. Referrals to psychologists also were tracked.RESULTS:Psychosocial risk classification, based on the PAT, was stable across the first 4 months of cancer treatment; 57% to 69% of families remained at the same level of risk. PAT total scores did not differ across time, but subscale scores indicated increases in family and child (patient) problems and decreases in unhelpful beliefs. Families classified at higher levels of psychosocial risk at diagnosis had more distress, more family problems, and greater psychosocial service use 4 months into treatment.CONCLUSIONS:Understanding and identifying risks for psychosocial adjustment difficulties within families of children with cancer, considering changes across treatment and beyond, is very complex. Despite evidence of the predictive validity of PAT, additional research is necessary to find ways to effectively use this screener in practice to guide intervention. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4339–49. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors
Authors: Yabroff K. Robin , Kim Youngmee 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:To the authors' knowledge, little work has been done to estimate the time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors.METHODS:Data from a national survey of caregivers of cancer patients in 2003 to 2006 were used to estimate the time associated with informal caregiving in the 2 years after patient diagnosis with bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, melanoma of the skin, ovarian, prostate, or uterine cancer, or non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). Caregivers reported the duration and daily intensity of caregiving as well as the types and frequency of support provided. The median wage rate in 2006 ($16.28) was used to value caregiver time, and other methods to value time were evaluated with sensitivity analyses.RESULTS:On average, caregivers provided care for 8.3 hours per day for 13.7 months. The number of months and daily hours spent caregiving were the highest for cancer survivors diagnosed with distant disease compared with survivors with regional or localized disease (P < .05). Approximately half of caregivers provided emotional, instrumental, tangible, or medical support, although the frequency varied dramatically. Informal caregiver time costs over the 2‐year period after diagnosis were the highest for caregivers of patients diagnosed with lung ($72,702; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $56,814‐$88,590) and ovarian ($66,210; 95% CI, $40,750‐$91,670) cancers and NHL ($59,613; 95% CI, $43,423‐$75,803) and the lowest for caregivers of patients with breast cancer ($38,334; 95% CI, $31,442‐$45,226).CONCLUSIONS:Time spent by informal caregivers was substantial and was an important component of the burden of cancer care. Incorporation of the value of informal caregiver time will be important when evaluating the costs and benefits of cancer control interventions. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4362–73. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
1.3‐Bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea(BCNU), cyclophosphamide, vincristine‐ and prednisone‐(BCOP): A new therapeutic regimen for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma
Authors: Durant John R. , Loeb Virgil , Dorfman Ronald , Chan Yick‐Kwong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSixty‐seven evaluable patients with mixed cellular and histiocytic lymphomas, both nodular and diffuse, were treated with a combined drug regimen of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone administered for six monthly courses. Of 28 previously untreated patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, 14 (50%) achieved a complete remission, and an additional 7 (25%) had a good partial response for an overall remission rate of 75%. Complete remissions were also obtained among the small number of mixed and nodular histiocytic lymphomas which were treated. The median survival for previously untreated patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma who achieved a complete remission is nearly two years and 42% (8/19) of these patients remain in their initial unmaintained remission (range 2–119 weeks). Hematologic toxicity, although acceptable, was the limiting factor. Granulocytes were more often and more severely depressed than platelets.
67Ga accumulation in pulmonary lesions associated with bleomycin toxicity
Authors: Richman Steven D. , Levenson Stanley M. , Bunn Paul A. , Flinn George S. , Johnston Gerald S. , de Vita Vincent T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe radionuclide, gallium‐67, accumulates in a wide variety of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. Diffuse bilateral lung localization of67Ga occurred in two cases of interstitial pneumonitis associated with bleomycin therapy. Clinical symptoms and laboratory evaluation of pulmonary status correlated with scintigraphic studies in these two patients, while discrepancies between scinti‐graphic and roentgenographic findings were observed.Cancer 36:1966–1972,1975.
Complications of indwelling chemotherapy catheters
Authors: Goldman Martin L. , Bilbao Marcia K. , Rösch Josef , Dotter Charles T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFifty consecutive chemotherapeutic infusions for cancer via percutaneously introduced arterial catheters were reviewed to determine the frequency of angiographic and clinical complications related to the indwelling catheter. Fibrin cloaking along the catheter was found in 20 patients studied by pull‐out arteriography and was unassociated with clinical symptoms. Major thrombus formation occurred around the catheter tip in 28% of the infused vessels, all within the hepatic artery. Clinical symptoms developed in only three patients where thrombosis of the hepatic artery had propagated into the celiac axis. Systemic heparinization did not reduce the incidence of thrombus formation but did increase the incidence of mild gastrointestinal bleeding. Several factors may reduce the incidence of complications, such as puncture of a large artery, use of soft, pliable, and small diameter catheters, proper free position of the catheter in the infused vessel, regular angiographic checkups for catheters position, and early evidence of thrombus formation.
The response of the local immunoglobulin system to malignant lesions of the stomach: A new diagnostic test
Authors: Levy Mitchell , Petreshock Edward P. , Mandell Charlotte , Deysine Maximo , Katzka Irwin , Aufses Arthur H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe response of the local secretory immunoglobulin system to tumor antigens was studied in 71 patients suspected of harboring a gastric malignancy. Gastric aspirates were obtained by fiberoptic endoscopy and measured on single radial immunodiffusion plates (Behring Diagnostics). Patients with malignant neoplasms of the stomach were divided into Type I and Type II lesions, based on the extent and stage of the disease. Secretory IgA titers were elevated in all patients with a Type I malignant tumor confirmed by histologic examination; mean 43.8 mg/100 (SD ± 40.6 mg/100). Patients with Type II malignant tumors, benign lesions or normal controls had significantly lower IgA titers; mean 6.1 mg/100 (SD ± 3.7 mg/100). This leads us to believe that the host's response to malignant cells of the gastrointestinal system is an altered and elevated secretion of IgA. Evaluation of local immunoglobulin titers may be of value when used in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities in determining the nature of gastrointestinal lesions, particularly when the lesion is not metastatic or massively involving the gastric wall.
End results of radiation therapy, alone and combination with 5‐fluorouracil in colorectal cancers
Authors: Vongtama Vitune , Douglass Harold O. , Moore Robert H. , Holyoke E. Douglas , Webster John H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe authors retrospectively analyzed the results of irradiation in 148 cases of primary inoperable and recurrent adenoearcinoma of the colon and rectum treated at the Department of Radiation Therapy, Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1962 and 1970. This group includes 95 recurrences and 53 inoperable primaries. Uninterrupted radiotherapy was used in 118 cases and split‐course technique in 30 cases. Eleven patients received combined radiotherapy and surgery. Seventy‐eight patients received a combination of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and irradiation. The response rate and survival of individual groups is discussed in detail. This study indicated that perineal recurrences should receive whole pelvic irradiation in addition to perineum field. Split‐course technique appeared to yield a better survival than the uninterrupted course. The best 5‐year survival rate (64%) is found in the group treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. For locally advanced, inoperable cancers, split‐course technique, combined 5‐FU and irradiation gave the best results, achieving longer palliation with improved quality of life and sometimes yielding cure (5‐year survival).
Induction of pulmonary metastases in both immune and nonimmune mice: Effect of the removal of a transplanted primary tumor
Authors: Wexler Hilda , Chretien Paul B. , Ketcham Alfred S. , Sindelar William F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn mice bearing a benzypyrene‐induced fibrosarcoma tumor, the survival was determined of intravenously injected tumor cells at various intervals after previous immunization of experimental animals by induction and subsequent excision of a transplanted primary tumor in the soft tissues of the leg. Seven days after induction of a transplanted primary tumor, I.V. tumor cells produced fewer pulmonary metastases in immunized mice than in nonimmunized mice. When tumor cells were incoulated I.V. immediately following amputation of the transplanted primary tumor, the number of pulmonary metastases in the immunized and nonimmunized animals were similar; however, 6 hours, 7 days and 14 days after primary tumor excision, I.V. inoculated tumor cells produced a higher incidence of lung metastases in the immunized than in the nonimmunized mice. This increased survival of I.V. tumor cells following excision of the transplanted primary tumor may have relevance to the development of metastases after eradication of certain primary tumors in humans.
Prognosis in breast cancer utilizing histologic characteristics of the primary tumor
Authors: Black Maurice M. , Barclay Thomas H. C. , Hankey Benjamin F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study was made of the inter‐relationships and prognostic significance of structural characteristics found in primary breast cancers and their associated axillary lymph nodes. The prognostically favorable characteristics included the following. For the primary tumor: nuclear differentiation of the cancer cells, diffuse lymphoid cell infiltrations (LI), and perivenous lymphoid cell infiltrations (PVI). For the axillary lymph nodes: sinus histiocytosis (SH). Perivenous lymphoid cell infiltrations (PVI) in the primary tumor are found to be as important a prognostic factor as SH in the axillary lymph nodes; these two characteristics are found to be positively associated. Evaluation of the nuclear grade (NG), LI, and PVI in the primary tumor allows for the definition of prognostically significant patient groupings. LI is found to occur primarily in assoication with cancer cells having a low (anaplastic) nuclear grade, and to be positively associated with follicular hyperplasia (FH) in the lymph nodes. We also found a positive association between the cellular responses to areas of in situ carcinoma and the cellular responses to accompanying invasive breast cancer. These findings add to our general understanding of immunogenicity of breast cancer tissue. They also provide a progonstic system for classifying breast cancer patients on the basis of the microscopic characteristics of the primary tumor and surrounding breast tissue. The latter system should be of value in comparing the therapeutic benefits of various treatments.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in 228 patients with carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Vincent R. G. , Chu T. M. , Fergen T. B. , Ostrander M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo hundred and twenty‐eight patients who were treated for carcinoma of the lung were followed and their plasma CEA levels assessed at intervals during the course of the disease. In addition, plasma samples were taken from 487 healthy blood donors for comparison as a control. CEA assay is not selective or specific enough, at this time, to be used for screening purposes even though 68% of the patients who have lung cancer will have an elevated concentration of CEA regardless of the histological cell type. In patients with plasma levels of CEA above 15 ng/ml the prognosis is uniformly poor. CEA in the authors' view does have value as a prognostic marker capable of suggesting the successful resection of a tumor and to a lesser degree confirming the clinical objective response to the radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It was found that the presence of CEA was not necessarily related to the volume of the tumor or the site of organ metastasis, but reflects the metabolic properties and characteristics of the individual tumor as it occurs in the patient.
Initial features and prognosis in 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Simone Joseph V. , Verzosa Manuel S. , Rudy Judith A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe relationship of a variety of initial features and the outcome of therapy was analyzed for 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). All had entered “total therapy” studies between 1962 and 1971. The standard for comparing outcome of therapy was whether patients with a given feature attained or exceeded the median duration of complete remission, hematologic remission or survival for the group. The results showed that, in general, the more massive or extensive the disease at diagnosis, the poorer the outcome. Factors associated with a significantly poorer prognosis included: initial leukocyte count above 100,000/mm3; spleen enlargement greater than 5 cm; me–diastinal involvement and early CNS involvement. Children over 10 years old at diagnosis and Negro children also had a poor prognosis. From another viewpoint features were examined for patients who attained at least 3 years of continuous complete remission. This confirmed some earlier findings and, in addition, showed that children under 2 years of age at diagnosis or with hepatomegaly over 5 cm were less likely to attain this goal. With the exception of early CNS involvement, however, patients with excellent responses to therapy were found with each factor of poor prognosis. Two major factors were not analyzed because their relationship to prognosis is generally accepted: therapeutic differences and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.