bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Coalescent Model for Genotype Imputation
Authors: Jewett Ethan M , Zawistowski Matthew , Rosenberg Noah A , Zöllner Sebastian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe potential for imputed genotypes to enhance an analysis of genetic data depends largely on the accuracy of imputation, which in turn depends on properties of the reference panel of template haplotypes used to perform the imputation. To provide a basis for exploring how properties of the reference panel affect imputation accuracy theoretically rather than with computationally intensive imputation experiments, we introduce a coalescent model that considers imputation accuracy in terms of population-genetic parameters. Our model allows us to investigate sampling designs in the frequently occurring scenario in which imputation targets and templates are sampled from different populations. In particular, we derive expressions for expected imputation accuracy as a function of reference panel size and divergence time between the reference and target populations. We find that a modestly sized “internal” reference panel from the same population as a target haplotype yields, on average, greater imputation accuracy than a larger “external” panel from a different population, even if the divergence time between the two populations is small. The improvement in accuracy for the internal panel increases with increasing divergence time between the target and reference populations. Thus, in humans, our model predicts that imputation accuracy can be improved by generating small population-specific custom reference panels to augment existing collections such as those of the HapMap or 1000 Genomes Projects. Our approach can be extended to understand additional factors that affect imputation accuracy in complex population-genetic settings, and the results can ultimately facilitate improvements in imputation study designs.
The Paf1 Complex Subunit Rtf1 Buffers Cells Against the Toxic Effects of [PSI+] and Defects in Rkr1-Dependent Protein Quality Control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Klucevsek Kristin M , Braun Mary A , Arndt Karen M 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The Rtf1 subunit of the Paf1 complex is required for specific histone modifications, including histone H2B lysine 123 monoubiquitylation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deletion of RTF1 is lethal in the absence of Rkr1, a ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the destruction of nonstop proteins, which arise from mRNAs lacking stop codons or translational readthrough into the poly(A) tail. We performed a transposon-based mutagenesis screen to identify suppressors of rtf1Δ rkr1Δ lethality and found that a mutation in the gene encoding the protein chaperone Hsp104 rescued viability. Hsp104 plays a role in prion propagation, including the maintenance of [PSI+], which contributes to the synthesis of nonstop proteins. We demonstrate that rtf1Δ and rkr1Δ are synthetically lethal only in the presence of [PSI+]. The deletion, inactivation, and overexpression of HSP104 or the overexpression of prion-encoding genes URE2 and LSM4 clear [PSI+] and rescue rtf1Δ rkr1Δ lethality. In addition, the presence of [PSI+] decreases the fitness of rkr1Δ strains. We investigated whether the loss of RTF1 exacerbates an overload in nonstop proteins in rkr1Δ [PSI+] strains but, using reporter plasmids, found that rtf1Δ decreases nonstop protein levels, indicating that excess nonstop proteins may not be the cause of synthetic lethality. Instead, our data suggest that the loss of Rtf1-dependent histone modifications increases the burden on quality control pathways in cells lacking Rkr1 and containing [PSI+].
Quantified Comparison of Ordering in Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Films of Different Molecular Weights by Image Analysis Method
Authors: Kehoe Timothy , Kehagias Nikolaos , Khunsin Worawut , Borah Dipu , Morris Michael , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe order in self-assembled block copolymer films with hexagonal structure is compared using an image analysis method and images taken by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The coordinates of the centres of cylindrical elements in the assembled array are assigned using image analysis software. The method is then used to calculate the amount of elements that symmetrically overlap with another element when mapped through an origin point. Order is compared based on a single numerical value which is dependent on radial distance from the origin and the overlap tolerance value that is assigned. Samples of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymer with a range of molecular weights are compared, and it is found that the degree of ordering achieved is not related to the size of the molecule.
Fabrication of Titanium Oxide Film with high crystallinity by the New Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Ishizaki Hiroki , Ito Seishiro 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTTiO2 films with poly crystal were electrodeposited on conductive substrate (NESA glass, approximately 10Ω/□, Asahi glass Co. Ltd.) from the titanium potassium oxalate dehydrate aqueous solution containing hydroxylamine adjusted pH 9 with KOH aq. at 333k. The peak corresponded to Ti3+ion into these TiO2 film was not observed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalysis of TiO2 film increased with a decrease of cathodic potential. In particular, TiO2 film obtained at cathodic potential of -1.3V, had the higher photocatalysis than that of other potential.
Correlation between Filament Distribution and Resistive Switching Property in Binary-Transition-Metal-Oxide Based Resistive Random Access Memory.
Authors: Tanaka H. , Kinoshita K. , Yoshihara M. , Kishida S. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTLarge variation in basic memory properties is a serious issue that hinders the practical use of ReRAM. This study revealed that one of the main factors causing variation is the presence of multiple filaments which have distinct set voltages in each memory cell. An operating filament switches to another filament having the smallest set voltage at each instant of switching. We propose a resistive switching model that takes the presence of multiple filaments into consideration. A Monte Carlo simulation based on the resistive switching model reproduces the set voltage distribution. Improvement of accuracy of the simulation can be also expected considering the fact that Vset increases at a certain probability at each instant of set switching.
Gold-Doped Oxide Nanocomposites Prepared by Two Solution Methods and Their Gas-Sensing Response
Authors: Wang Chien-Tsung , Chen Huan-Yu , Chen Yu-Chung 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTGold species on an oxide support possess variable electronic structures via charge transition so as to increase their chemical redox activity. They are also viably promising for use to enhance gas-sensing response when being exploited in a solid state gas sensor. The synthesis method of the gold-loaded materials plays a crucial role in the functionality. In this paper, we report two types of gold/tin oxide based nanopowders prepared by co-precipitation method and by deposition-precipitation method, respectively. They were evaluated as sensing elements in a semiconductor carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor. Effects of the material type and CO concentration on sensor response were investigated. Their structural characterizations were done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Results demonstrate the surface gold species effective to facilitate CO oxidation in gas atmosphere and promote low-temperature sensor performance.
Vitamin D Deficiency: A Cause of Periradicular Bone Loss
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Weston Paul , Chapple Iain 
Published: May 2012

Introduction: The classic manifestations of vitamin D deficiency include rickets and osteomalacia. Here we demonstrate a case of vitamin D deficiency presenting as radiologic bone loss around the apical and marginal periodontal tissues, consistent with periapical cemental dysplasia. Potential mechanisms for this are explored and the importance of dentists in managing such cases is discussed.Case Presentation: An 18‐year‐old female patient was referred with marginal periodontal bone loss. Radiology revealed marginal bone loss and multiple asymptomatic periapical radiolucencies associated with teeth that responded positively to pulp testing. The patient was of Southern Asian descent, wore a headscarf and occlusive clothing for cultural reasons, and was visibly malnourished, reporting a poor diet. A diagnosis of severe vitamin D deficiency was confirmed by serum biochemistry. The patient underwent vitamin D supplementation, after which the radiolucent areas resolved.Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients in the northern hemisphere is under‐recognized, especially in certain ethnic populations. Vitamin D deficiency may contribute (directly or indirectly) to periodontal bone loss either marginally or apically, in susceptible patients. Dental health professionals are well placed to diagnose vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin D, and advise patients on the benefits of a healthy diet and appropriate sun exposure.
The Use of Preoperative Epoetin-α in Revision Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Delasotta Lawrence A , Rangavajjula Ashwin , Frank Michael L , Blair Jamie , Orozco Fabio , Ong Alvin 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative epoetin-α on the revision hip arthroplasty patient. We hypothesized that epoetin-α will reduce blood transfusion. A pertinent review of the literature is provided.

Methods:
Forty-six patients were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen patients received epoetin-α. Patients were case matched by age, preoperative hemoglobin, surgery, gender, and BMI. The clinical triggers for blood transfusion during or after the procedure were determined based on peri- and postoperative hemoglobin levels, ASA score, and/or clinical symptoms consistent with anemia. Blood salvage was not used.

Results:
Blood transfusion and length of stay were decreased in the epoetin-α group. Hemoglobin in the intervention group increased from 12.0 to 14.5, preoperatively. Patients who received epoetin-α were 0.78 (RR=0.225) times as likely to receive a transfusion. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) to avoid one allogeneic transfusion was 1.84. Age, Gender, BMI, ASA, total and hidden blood loss, preoperative Iron supplements, preop Hct, preop PLT, PT, PTT, and INR were similar. One (6.0%) patient developed an uncomplicated deep venous thrombosis in the intervention group.

Conclusions:
The mildly anemic revision hip arthroplasty patient is at increased risk for transfusion. Epoetin-α increased preoperative hemoglobin counts and reduced transfusions in this study; it also decreased patient length of hospital stay likely allowing for an earlier readiness to resume normal activities and/or meet short-term milestones. A randomized study to evaluate the direct and indirect costs of such a treatment methodology in the mildly anemic revision patient may be warranted.
Health-Related Quality of Life as a Predictor of Mortality among Survivors of AKI
Authors: Joyce Vilija R. , Smith Mark W. , Johansen Kirsten L. , Unruh Mark L. , Siroka Andrew M. , O’Connor Theresa Z. , Palevsky Paul M. 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
This study examined the relationship between health-related quality of life and subsequent mortality among AKI survivors treated with renal replacement therapy.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and ambulation, emotion, cognition, and pain scores at 60 days and all-cause mortality at 1 year in 60-day AKI survivors (n=439 with evaluable HUI3 assessments) from a randomized multicenter study comparing less- with more-intensive renal replacement therapies.

Results
The median 60-day HUI3 index score was 0.32. Patients with evaluable HUI3 data who died between 60 days and 1 year (n=99) were more likely to have lower 60-day median HUI3 scores, higher comorbidity scores, and longer initial hospital stays, and they were more likely to be dialysis-dependent. A 0.1 higher HUI3 index score was associated with a 17% decrease (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.89) in all-cause mortality after controlling for clinical risk factors. Similar associations were observed for HUI3 ambulation, emotion, cognition, and pain attribute scores.

Conclusions
Health-related quality of life measured by HUI3 is an independent predictor of mortality among survivors of AKI after adjusting for clinical risk variables. Poor ambulation and other health-related quality of life attributes are also associated with increased risk of death. Health-related quality of life may provide clinicians with additional information to help identify patients at high risk of mortality after AKI that required renal replacement therapy.
Prognostic Value of Risk Score and Urinary Markers in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: van den Brand Jan A.J.G. , Hofstra Julia M. , Wetzels Jack F.M. 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Accurate prediction of prognosis may improve management of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. This study compared the Toronto Risk Score and urinary low-molecular weight proteins.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
One hundred four patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic membranous nephropathy who presented between 1995 and 2008 with a well-preserved kidney function and nephrotic range proteinuria were included. Urinary β2-microglobulin and α1-microglobulin measurements were obtained by timed standardized measurements, and the Toronto Risk Score was calculated using data obtained from medical records. The endpoint was progression, which was defined as an increase in serum creatinine>50% or >25% with a concentration>135 μmol/L.

Results
Forty-nine patients showed progression. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve was 0.78 (95% confidence interval=0.69–0.88) for the risk score versus 0.80 (0.71–0.89) and 0.79 (0.71–0.88) for urinary β2- and α1-microglobulin, respectively. Differences were not significant. Persistent proteinuria did not add accuracy to the Toronto Risk Score. Conversely, its accuracy was not reduced when data from the first 6 months of follow-up were used. Furthermore, a score based on GFR estimated with the six-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, calculated in the first 6 months of follow-up, gave an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.83 (0.74–0.92), which was not statistically different from other markers.

Conclusions
The prognostic accuracies of the Toronto Risk Score and urinary low-molecular weight proteins were not significantly different. The risk score can be calculated within 6 months of diagnosis, and a simplified risk score using estimated GFR–Modification of Diet in Renal Disease may be sufficient.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hyperkalemia in Predialysis Patients Followed in a Low-Clearance Clinic
Authors: Sarafidis Pantelis A. , Blacklock Rochelle , Wood Eleri , Rumjon Adam , Simmonds Shanique , Fletcher-Rogers Jessica , Ariyanayagam Rachel , Al-Yassin Aziza , Sharpe Claire , Vinen Katie 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Recent studies evaluated the prevalence of hyperkalemia and related risk factors in patients with CKD of various stages, but there is limited relevant information in predialysis patients. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in the structured environment of a low-clearance clinic.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a cross-sectional fashion over a prespecified period of 4 months, information on serum potassium and relevant laboratory variables, comorbidities, medications, and dietician input in patients with advanced CKD under follow-up in the low-clearance clinic of our department was recorded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with serum potassium≥5.5 meq/L.

Results
The study population consisted of 238 patients aged 66.2±4.2 years with estimated GFR of 14.5±4.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The prevalence of hyperkalemia. defined as potassium>5.0, ≥5.5, and ≥6.0 meq/L., was at 54.2%, 31.5%, and 8.4%, respectively. In univariate comparisons, patients with potassium≥5.5 meq/L had significantly higher urea and lower estimated GFR and serum bicarbonate; also, they were more often using sodium bicarbonate and had received potassium education and attempts for dietary potassium lowering. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers was not associated with hyperkalemia. In multivariate analyses, estimated GFR<15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and sodium bicarbonate use were independently associated with hyperkalemia.

Conclusions
The prevalence of hyperkalemia in predialysis patients with CKD is high. Even at this range of renal function, low estimated GFR seems to be the most important factor associated with hyperkalemia among the wide range of demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics studied.
Effect of anesthetic breathing circuit type on thermal loss in cats during inhalation anesthesia for ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Kelly Christopher K. , Hodgson David S. , McMurphy Rose M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effects of a nonrebreathing circuit versus a reduced volume circle anesthetic breathing circuit on body temperature change in cats during inhalation anesthesia for ovariohysterectomy.
Design—Randomized, controlled clinical trial.
Animals—141 female domestic cats hospitalized for routine ovariohysterectomy.
Procedures—Cats were randomly assigned to receive inhalation anesthetics from either a nonrebreathing circuit or a reduced volume circle system with oxygen flow rates of 200 and 30 mL/kg/min (90.9 and 13.6 mL/lb/min), respectively. Body temperatures were monitored throughout the anesthetic period via an intrathoracic esophageal probe placed orally into the esophagus to the level of the heart base.
Results—No difference in body temperature was found between the 2 treatment groups at any measurement time. The duration of procedure had a significant effect on body temperature regardless of the type of anesthetic circuit used.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Duration of the procedure rather than the type of anesthetic circuit used for inhalation anesthesia was more influential on thermal loss in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Use of samarium Sm 153 lexidronam for the treatment of dogs with primary tumors of the skull: 20 cases (1986–2006)
Authors: Vancil Jarrod M. , Henry Carolyn J. , Milner Rowan J. , McCoig Amber M. , Lattimer Jimmy C. , Villamil Jose Armando , McCaw Dudley L. , Bryan Jeffrey N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate samarium Sm 153 lexidronam (153Sm-EDTMP) as a treatment option for dogs with bony tumors of the skull.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—Dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO) or osteosarcoma (OSA) of the skull.
Procedures—Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital records from the Universities of Missouri and Florida from 1986 to 2006 were searched for dogs with primary skull tumors treated with 153Sm-EDTMP.
Results—25 dogs were initially evaluated, with 5 dogs subsequently excluded because of inadequate follow-up or unrelated death. Seven OSAs and 13 MLOs were diagnosed. Tumors involved the occipital and frontal bones (n = 10), zygomatic arch and maxilla region (6), palate (3), and mandible (1). No clinically important adverse effects related to 153Sm-EDTMP treatment were documented. Of the 20 dogs evaluated 21 days after injection with 153Sm-EDTMP, 4 had subjective improvement, 13 had progressive disease, and 3 had insufficient follow-up. On the basis of radiographic findings, metastasis was suspected in 1 dog; 16 dogs had no metastasis evident, and medical records were insufficient for 3 dogs. Survival time, defined as the 153Sm-EDTMP injection date to the date of death, ranged from 3 to 1,314 days (median, 144 days).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The subjective improvement in 4 patients and lack of clinical evidence of adverse effects suggested that 153Sm-EDTMP injection may be an option for the treatment of dogs with MLO or OSA of the skull when other treatments have failed or surgery is not possible.
Use of zoledronate for treatment of a bone fragility disorder in horses
Authors: Katzman Scott A. , Nieto Jorge E. , Arens Amanda M. , MacDonald Melinda H. , Puchalski Sarah M. , Galuppo Larry D. , Snyder Jack R. , Maher Omar , Bell Robin J. W. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Objective—To assess clinical outcomes and scintigraphic findings in horses with a bone fragility disorder (BFD) treated with zoledronate (a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate).
Design—Prospective uncontrolled clinical trial.
Animals—10 horses with evidence of a BFD.
Procedures—Signalment, history, and geographic location of horses' home environments were recorded. Physical examinations, lameness evaluations, and nuclear scintigraphy were performed. Diagnosis of a BFD was made on the basis of results of clinical and scintigraphic examination. Each horse was treated with zoledronate (0.075 mg/kg [0.034 mg/lb, IV, once]) at the time of diagnosis. Horses were reevaluated 6 months after treatment.
Results—Affected horses were from the central and coastal regions of California and had ≥ 1 clinical sign of the disorder; these included scapular deformation (n = 2), lordosis (1), nonspecific signs of musculoskeletal pain (1), and lameness that could not be localized to a specific anatomic region (9). All horses had multiple sites of increased radiopharmaceutica uptake during initial scintigraphic evaluation of the axial skeleton and bones of 1 or both forelimbs. Six months after treatment, clinical improvement (defined as improvement in the lameness score, resolution of signs of musculoskeletal pain, or both) was detected in 9 of 10 horses; scintigraphic uptake was unchanged (n = 2) or subjectively decreased (8). No adverse effects attributed to zoledronate treatment were detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with zoledronate appeared to be useful in improving clinical outcome and scintigraphic findings in horses with a BFD; however, future placebo-controlled studies are necessary to accurately determine efficacy and long-term safety.