bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting eddy current and motion effects by affine whole‐brain registrations: Evaluation of three‐dimensional distortions and comparison with slicewise correction
Authors: Mohammadi Siawoosh , Möller Harald E. , Kugel Harald , Müller Dirk K. , Deppe Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEddy‐current (EC) and motion effects in diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) bias the estimation of quantitative diffusion indices, such as the fractional anisotropy. Both effects can be retrospectively corrected by registering the strongly distorted diffusion‐weighted images to less‐distorted T2‐weighted images acquired without diffusion weighting. Two different affine spatial transformations are usually employed for this correction: slicewise and whole‐brain transformations. However, a relation between estimated transformation parameters and EC distortions has not been established yet for the latter approach. In this study, a novel diffusion‐gradient‐direction–independent estimation of the EC field is proposed based solely on affine whole‐brain registration parameters. Using this model, it is demonstrated that a more distinct evaluation of the whole‐brain EC effects is possible if the through‐plane distortion was considered in addition to the well‐known in‐plane distortions. Moreover, a comparison of different whole‐brain registrations relative to a slicewise approach is performed, in terms of the relative tensor error. Our findings suggest that for appropriate intersubject comparison of DTI data, a whole‐brain registration containing nine affine parameters provides comparable performance (between 0 and 3%) to slicewise methods and can be performed in a fraction of the time. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI of the lung: Assessment of tissue density in the lung parenchyma
Authors: Togao Osamu , Tsuji Riki , Ohno Yoshiharu , Dimitrov Ivan , Takahashi Masaya 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNonuniform disruption of lung architecture is usually assessed by CT, which carries potential radiation risk. Here we report our use of a three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time MR method to image the lungs of normal mice at different positive end‐expiratory pressures in a 3‐T clinical MR system. The ultrashort echo time sequence in conjunction with a projection acquisition of the free induction decay could reduce the echo time to 100 μsec and provide a more inherent MR signal intensity from the lung parenchyma, which is usually invisible due to its short T*2 in conventional MRI methods. The signal intensity and T*2 was reduced as the positive end‐expiratory pressure became higher. Further, these parameters were highly correlated to the changes in lung volume (% lung expansion). The results indicated that the MR signal acquired at ultrashort echo time in the lung parenchyma represents interstitial tissue density including blood. The capability of acquiring sufficient MR signal would have implications for the direct assessment of parenchymal architecture in the lung. Therefore, ultrashort echo time imaging may have the potential to assist detection of early and localized pathological destruction of lung tissue architecture observed in various pulmonary disorders such as emphysema without incurring the risks of radiation exposure. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal satisfaction with postpartum nursing centers
Authors: Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Yu Ching‐Yun , Liu Chin‐Fang , Stocker Joel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe explored predictors of women's satisfaction with postpartum nursing centers, which have become popular in Taiwan in recent years. After completing a consent form and demographic questionnaire, 401 women from different centers identified by proportional stratified quota sampling completed four questionnaires over the telephone after their fourth week postpartum. A high level of social support and low level of postpartum stress significantly predicted their satisfaction with the postpartum nursing centers. Future studies will be needed to determine whether, compared to traditional care at home, the postpartum nursing centers can help ease mothers' transition to parenthood and improve their childcare competence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:345–354, 2010
Strengthening data quality in studies of migrants not fluent in host languages: A canadian example with reproductive health questionnaires
Authors: Strohschein Fay J. , Merry Lisa , Thomas Julia , Gagnon Anita J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe need to collect health data from refugees and asylum seekers often requires that questionnaires be translated. Verifying the clarity, meaning, and acceptability of translated questionnaires with monolingual persons, individuals from the target population who primarily speak and understand only the test language, is one important step in the translation process. Reproductive health questionnaires were tested with persons monolingual in Hindi, Tamil, Urdu, Spanish, and French. Testing revealed problematic questions and how culture, education, and migration experience can affect perceptions of questions. Bilingual liaisons from the communities of interest facilitated recruitment of participants, but liaisons' vulnerable status and lack of familiarity with research posed challenges to the testing process. When conducting monolingual testing it is important to: carefully select liaisons (consider their gender, host‐language fluency, knowledge of research processes, and comfort with the subject matter of the research); recruit monolingual persons with characteristics representative of the research population; ensure adequate researcher involvement in all aspects of the testing process to triangulate data collection from various sources. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:369–379, 2010
Quality nursing care for hospitalized patients with advanced illness: Concept development
Authors: Izumi Shigeko , Baggs Judith G. , Knafl Kathleen A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe quality of nursing care as perceived by hospitalized patients with advanced illness has not been examined. A concept of quality nursing care for this population was developed by integrating the literature on constructs defining quality nursing care with empirical findings from interviews of 16 patients with advanced illness. Quality nursing care was characterized as competence and personal caring supported by professionalism and delivered with an appropriate demeanor. Although the attributes of competence, caring, professionalism, and demeanor were identified as common components of quality care across various patient populations, the caring domain increased in importance when patients with advanced illness perceived themselves as vulnerable. Assessment of quality nursing care for patients with advanced illness needs to include measures of patient perceptions of vulnerability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:299–315, 2010
Mehrgitterlöser für heterogene Materialien mit einem homogenisierungsbasierten Transfer für unstrukturierte Netze
Authors: Bayreuther C.G. , Miehe C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDie Lösung großer Gleichungssysteme infolge der FE‐Diskretisierung heterogener Materialien mit Mehrgitterverfahren kann nur mittels geeigneter Transfer‐ und Grobgitteroperatoren effizient erfolgen. Wesentlicher Aspekt bei der Konstruktion der erforderlichen Operatoren ist die Verknüpfung mit einem diskreten Homogenisierungskonzept. Diese neue Strategie wird anhand eines repräsentativen Modellproblems mit bekannten alternativen Verfahren verglichen.
Coefficients of Runge‐Kutta Schemes for Itô Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Rössler Andreas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn order to approximate the solution of an Itô stochastic differential equation, embedded explicit stochastic Runge‐Kutta methods may be applied. Coefficients for such schemes are presented in this paper. Since embedded methods provide different orders of convergence, they may be applied for estimating the local error of the approximation process.
Morphological development in water assisted injection molded polyethylene/polyamide‐6 blends
Authors: Liu Shih‐Jung , Lin Wei‐Ru , Lin Kun‐Yeh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWater assisted injection molding (WAIM) has gradually become one of the most important polymer processing methods for making hollowed parts. This study examined the morphological development in water assisted injection molded high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) blends. Samples for microscopic observation were prepared by an 80‐ton injection‐molding machine equipped with a tube cavity and with a water injection unit. A distinct skin layer, core region, and channel layer were observed across the thickness. The shape and size of the dispersed phase depended on the position both across the part thickness and along the flow direction. Small and large particles coexisted in the skin and channel layers, indicating that both coalescence and disintegration of the dispersed phase occurred in these layers. High water pressures were found to mold parts with smaller polyamide particle distributions. Additionally, the morphology of water assisted injection molded parts was compared to that of gas assisted injection molded products. It was found that water molded parts exhibit a smaller polyamide particle distribution than their gas counterparts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental vapor induced self‐assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer poly(styrene‐b‐acrylamide) onto the solid substrate
Authors: Yan Lifeng , Ji Jing , Xu Songsong , Bangal Prakriti R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe chemical and micro‐structural changes at the top surface of the film of amphiphilic block copolymer poly(styrene‐b‐acrylamide) (PS950‐b‐PAM50) induced by different environmental conditions and temperature have been studied. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle (CA) goniometry studies revealed that the roughness and the surface property in terms of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the film strongly depend on the environmental conditions. Humidity, presence of solvent vapor and temperature at the time of film preparation have immense role in controlling surface properties. Hence, it is suggested that the surface properties of the amphiphilic block copolymer film can be tuned according to the requirement for its potential applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A biocompatible composite based on poly(ε‐caprolactone fumarate) and hydroxyapatite
Authors: Shafieyan Yousef , Sharifi Shahriar , Imani Mohammad , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Aboudzadeh Neda , Atai Mohammad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFabrication of biodegradable composites applicable as hard tissue substitutes consisting of poly(ε‐caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF), methacrylic acid (MAA), and hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated. PCLF macromers were synthesized by reaction of PCL diol with fumaryl chloride in the presence of propylene oxide and characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FTIR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Composites were fabricated by incorporating HA as inorganic filler in PCLF matrix which followed by thermal curing of the composition using benzoyl peroxide and MAA as a free radical initiator and reactive diluent, respectively. Uniform distribution of the fine ceramic phase in the polymer matrix was elucidated by scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the initial macromer molecular weight and the filler volume fraction on mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the composites were also examined. Significant enhancement in the mechanical properties was observed upon increasing HA content and/or initial PCLF molecular weight. The biocompatibility of the specimens was also improved with increasing ceramic phase. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation and Distribution of Silver Nanoparticles in a Functional Plasma Polymer Matrix and Related Ag+ Release Properties
Authors: Körner Enrico , Aguirre Myriam H. , Fortunato Giuseppino , Ritter Axel , Rühe Jürgen , Hegemann Dirk 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPlasma polymer coatings with embedded Ag nanoparticles were deposited in a low pressure RF plasma reactor using an asymmetrical setup with an Ag electrode. The plasma polymer was deposited from a reactive gas/monomer mixture of CO2/C2H4 yielding a functional hydrocarbon matrix. In addition, Ar was simultaneously used to sputter Ag atoms from the Ag electrode, forming nanoparticles within the growing polymer matrix. The influence of the power input, gas ratio and coating thickness on both, the Ag content and the Ag nanoparticle morphology, as well as the distribution in the polymer matrix were investigated. It was found that both increasing the power input and the CO2 ratio result in a higher incorporation of Ag into the matrix.magnified image
Super‐Hydrophobic Coatings Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering of PTFE
Authors: Drábik Martin , Polonskyi Oleksandr , Kylián Ondřej , Čechvala Juraj , Artemenko Anna , Gordeev Ivan , Choukourov Andrei , Slavínská Danka , Matolínová Iva , Biederman Hynek 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFluorocarbon plasma polymer films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering in Argon from a balanced magnetron equipped with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) target. Depending on the deposition conditions, primarily on the working gas pressure and distance between the target and the substrate, plasma polymer ﬁlms were obtained with distinctly different chemical composition and/or morphology, as measured by means of XPS, FTIR and AFM. These films possessed static contact angle of water values ranging from 112° to ≈170° i.e. their behaviour ranged from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic ones.magnified image
Bacteria Inactivation Using Low Power Pulsed Gliding Arc Discharges with Water Spray
Authors: Burlica R. , Grim R.G. , Shih K.‐Y. , Balkwill D. , Locke B. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLow temperature atmospheric pressure plasma (produced by a 250 mW pulsed gliding arc discharge) with water spray was utilized to inactivate bacteria colonies of Escherichia coli grown on the surface of an agar substrate. The pH, solution conductivity, H2O2, and nitrate concentrations were determined for air and argon carrier gases and different water flow rates. Control experiments conducted by spraying solutions of H2O2 in the absence of the discharge demonstrated that this chemical and its delivery by spraying account for approximately two to three orders of magnitude (depending upon bacterial loading) of the bacterial colony decontamination process for both carrier gases when bacteria are allowed to grow on the agar plate to form a biofilm. Reactive species or other factors arising from the gas flow from the plasma with the water spray caused bacteria inactivation of one to two orders of magnitude beyond those of spraying H2O2 alone.magnified image
SDBS Modified XC‐72 Carbon for the Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Shao Dadong , Jiang Zhongqing , Wang Xiangke 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) is grafted on Vulcan XC‐72 carbon (XC‐72 carbon) using a plasma technique. The SDBS grafted XC‐72 carbon (XC‐SDBS) is characterized using XPS, UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, XRD, TGA‐DTA, SEM, and potentiometric acid‐base titration, respectively. The application of XC‐SDBS and XC‐72 carbon for the removal of Pb(II) ions from large volumes of aqueous solution is investigated. The results indicate that XC‐SDBS has much higher adsorption capacity than that of XC‐72 carbon. XC‐SDBS is a suitable material for the immobilization of heavy metal from large volumes of aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleaning.magnified image
Improved recess‐ohmics in AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors with AlN spacer layer on silicon substrate
Authors: Arulkumaran Subramaniam , Ing Ng Geok , Sahmuganathan Vicknesh , Zhihong Liu , Maung Bryan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA systematic investigation of recess‐ohmic contact by inductively coupled plasma etching using four layers Ti/Al/Ni/Au metal on un‐doped AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure with a thin AlN spacer layer grown on silicon substrate were performed. Although the insertion of the thin AlN spacer layer effectively increases the two‐dimensional electron gas concentration and electron mobility due to the enhanced 2DEG confinement, it causes much difficulty in forming ohmic contacts. This problem has been resolved by recess‐ohmic approach prior to ohmic metalization. Improved HEMT characteristics were demonstrated by this technique. About 17.5% of increase in IDmax and 12.5% of increase in gmmax were observed by recess ohmics. This improved device performance is due to the reduction of Rc, Rd and Rs values by recess‐ohmics. From this investigation, we found that recess‐ohmics are essential to achieve high performance device characteristics in un‐doped AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with AlN spacer layer grown on Si substrate (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equivalent circuit model of a waveguide‐type Ge/Si avalanche photodetector
Authors: Dai Daoxin , Chen Hui‐wen , Bowers John E. , Kang Yimin , Morse Mike , Paniccia Mario J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn equivalent circuit with an inductive element is presented for modelling a waveguide‐type Ge/Si avalanche photodetector (APD) with a separate‐absorption‐charge‐multiplication structure. A genetic algorithm optimization is used to extract the parameters for the elements included in the equivalent circuit by fitting the measured S22. Due to a resonance in the avalanche region, there is a peak enhancement for the frequency response of the APD when the bias voltage is relatively high. This is observed in the measurement and agrees with the theoretical calculation shown in this paper. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Corundum‐structured α‐phase Ga2O3‐Cr2O3‐Fe2O3 alloy system for novel functions
Authors: Kaneko Kentaro , Nomura Taichi , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel alloy system of oxide semiconductors promising for unique multifunctions, the corundum structured Ga2O3‐Cr2O3‐Fe2O3 alloys on sapphire substrates. With this system the optical band gap can be widely tuned from 2.2 to 5.3 eV while keeping the acceptable lattice mismatch. A key issue was to fabricate α‐Ga2O3 thin films, which has been recognized as a sub‐stable phase and there is a strongly tendency of growing at β‐Ga2O3 with traditional growth techniques, so the use of mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD) successfully overcame this problem and allows the growth of highly crystalline α‐Ga2O3. Following to our previous achievements of exploring the corundum structured Ga2O3‐Fe2O3 alloys, in this paper we have shown the growth of α‐Cr2O3 thin films and α‐phase Ga2O3‐Cr2O3 alloys. The results encourage the evolution of the Ga2O3‐Cr2O3‐Fe2O3 alloys but the existing problem of low solubility in water and high decomposition energy of the Cr precursor presently used, chromium acetylacetonate [(C5H8O2)3Cr], should be overcome for accelerated research of this promising new alloy system. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Al2O3 passivated InAlN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrate with record current density and transconductance
Authors: Wang Han , Chung Jinwook W. , Gao Xiang , Guo Shiping , Palacios Tomas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, we study the scaling characteristics of In0.17Al0.83N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Scaling of both the DC and RF performance are studied as a function of InAlN thickness, gate recess and gate length to explore the design space of high frequency InAlN/GaN devices. Surface passivation by Al2O3 deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is also investigated as an alternative to SixNy passivation. The fabricated devices give record maximum drain current density and transconductance (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of AlGaN‐based deep ultraviolet emitter active regions by temperature dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence
Authors: Garrett G. A. , Sampath A. V. , Shen H. , Wraback M. , Sun W. , Shatalov M. , Hu X. , Yang J. , Bilenko Y. , Lunev A. , Shur M. S. , Gaska R. , Grandusky J. R. , Schowalter L. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTemperature dependent time‐resolved photoluminescence is used to study the development of active regions for optoelectronic devices employing AlGaN nanostructures for deep‐UV emission. The changing importance of dislocation versus point defects and their relationship to different forms of carrier localization are discussed. The results presented suggest that AlGaN nanostructure development for deep‐UV emitters require both point defect/impurity suppression for improved efficiency and lower dislocation density for improved interface quality. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Density functional theory study of lithium and fluoride doped boron nitride sheet
Authors: Anota Ernesto Chigo , Villanueva Martín Salazar , Cocoletzi Heriberto Hernández 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have performed first principles total energy calculations to investigate the structural and reactivity parameters of the lithium and fluoride doped graphene and boron nitride coronene‐like (C24H12) structure nanosheets. The exchange and correlations potential energies are treated in the local density approximation (LDA) within the parameterization of Perdew‐Wang (PWC) and the doubly polarized atomic base (DNP). The obtainment of non‐negative frequencies was the criterion for structural stability. Chemical potential, hardness and electrophilicy index, as well as bond length are reported. The B atom is substituted by Li and F atoms preserving the hexagonal structure, however, the stability is reached only with the Li atom. The covalence and the chemical reactivity are bigger when compared with the corresponding isolated systems. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The adsorption of an UV‐curable resin on hot‐dip galvanized steel: a ToF‐SIMS study
Authors: Marino P. , Lowe C. , Abel M.‐L. , Watts J. F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe adsorption of an acrylated resin, the main component in a commercial UV‐cured coating, on hot‐dip galvanized steel (HDGS) has been studied. The aim of the work was to understand how the resin is adsorbed onto the different regions (aluminium‐rich and zinc‐rich) that are representative of the HDGS surface, in order to elucidate the mechanism of the HDGS/coating adhesion.Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) was employed to study the adsorption of the resin. Mass spectra and mass‐selected images were recorded in the high‐current bunched mode, using Bi3+ as the primary ion. Scatter ratio plots and relative mass selected images, were used to select the areas of interest for spectral reconstruction.The adsorptions curves were best described by the Langmuir model, indicating that all the adsorption sites are equivalent. The adsorption of the resin leads to the formation of a monolayer on the surface of HDGS.ToF‐SIMS ion selected images showed the presence of two well defined regions, aluminium‐rich regions and zinc‐rich regions. This distinction is not modified by the resin adsorption.The adsorption of the resin was studied independently on aluminium‐rich regions and zinc‐rich regions. The adsorption curves indicate that the amount of adsorbed resin is almost identical in these two regions, with the formation of a resin monolayer in both cases. These results suggest that the resin/HDGS interaction is comparable in the aluminium‐rich and zinc‐rich regions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.