bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phage‐host arms race: Shaping the evolution of microbes
Authors: Stern Adi , Sorek Rotem 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBacteria, the most abundant organisms on the planet, are outnumbered by a factor of 10 to 1 by phages that infect them. Faced with the rapid evolution and turnover of phage particles, bacteria have evolved various mechanisms to evade phage infection and killing, leading to an evolutionary arms race. The extensive co‐evolution of both phage and host has resulted in considerable diversity on the part of both bacterial and phage defensive and offensive strategies. Here, we discuss the unique and common features of phage resistance mechanisms and their role in global biodiversity. The commonalities between defense mechanisms suggest avenues for the discovery of novel forms of these mechanisms based on their evolutionary traits.
Removal of Organic Pollutants from Wastewater Using Wood Fly Ash as a Low‐Cost Sorbent
Authors: Laohaprapanon Sawanya , Marques Marcia , Hogland William 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, untreated and treated wood fly ash (WA) was used as a low‐cost sorbent in batch sorption tests to investigate the removal of organic pollutants from a real wastewater generated by cleaning/washing of machinery in a wood‐laminate floor industry in Sweden. The experiments focused on the effect of the WA dosage and particle size on the removal efficiency for organic compounds. With a WA dosage of 160 g L−1 and a particle size less than 1 mm, the reductions of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biologic oxygen demand, and total organic carbon were 37 ± 0.4, 24 ± 0.4, and 30 ± 0.3%, respectively. Pre‐treatment of WA with hot water improved the COD removal efficiency by absorption from 37 ± 0.4 to 42 ± 1.6% when the same dosage (160 g L−1) was applied. Sorption isotherm and sorption kinetics for COD using untreated WA can be explained by Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models. Intra‐particle diffusion model indicates that pore diffusion is not the rate‐limiting step for COD removal. Based on the experimental data, WA could be used as an alternative low‐cost sorption media/filter for removal of organic compounds from real industrial wastewater.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the First Podophyllotoxin Analogues as Potential Vascular‐Disrupting Agents
Authors: Labruère Raphaël , Gautier Benoît , Testud Marlène , Seguin Johanne , Lenoir Christine , Desbène‐Finck Stéphanie , Helissey Philippe , Garbay Christiane , Chabot Guy G. , Vidal Michel , Giorgi‐Renault Sylviane 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe designed and synthesized two novel series of azapodophyllotoxin analogues as potential antivascular agents. A linker was inserted between the trimethoxyphenyl ring E and the tetracyclic ABCD moiety of the 4‐aza‐1,2‐didehydropodophyllotoxins. In the first series, the linker enables free rotation between the two moieties; in the second series, conformational restriction of the E nucleus was considered. We have identified several new compounds with inhibitory activity toward tubulin polymerization similar to that of CA‐4 and colchicine, while displaying low cytotoxic activity against normal and/or cancer cells. An aminologue and a methylenic analogue were shown to disrupt endothelial cell cords on Matrigel at subtoxic concentrations, and an original assay of drug washout allowed us to demonstrate the rapid reversibility of this effect. These two new analogues are promising leads for the development of vascular‐disrupting agents in the podophyllotoxin series.
Development of Specific “Drug‐Like Property” Rules for Carboxylate‐Containing Oral Drug Candidates
Authors: Böcker Alexander , Bonneau Pierre R. , Hucke Oliver , Jakalian Araz , Edwards Paul J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe carboxylate moiety is an important pharmacophore in the medicinal chemist's arsenal and is sometimes an irreplaceable functionality in drug–target interactions. Thus, practical guidance on its use in the most optimized manner would be a welcome addition to rational drug design. Key physicochemical and ADMET‐PK properties from a dataset of drugs containing a carboxylate (COOH) moiety were assembled and compared with those of a broader, general drug dataset. Our main objective was to identify features specific to COOH‐containing oral drugs that could be converted into simple rules delineating the boundaries within which prospective COOH‐containing chemical series and COOH‐containing drug candidates would be reasonably expected to possess properties suitable for oral administration. These specific “drug‐like” property rules include molecular weight, the number of rotatable bonds, the number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, predictions of lipophilic character (calculated log P and log D values), topological polar surface area (TPSA), and the pKa value of the carboxylate moiety. Similar to the various sets of criteria that have emerged over the past decade and which have significantly reshaped the way medicinal chemists think about preferred drug chemical space, we propose these specific COOH “drug‐like” property rules as a guide for the design of superior COOH‐containing drug candidates and as a tool to better manage the liabilities generally associated with the presence of a COOH moiety.
Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancements in Acetate and Its Fluorine Derivatives Interacting with Gd3+: Complex Formation, Structure, and Transmetallation
Authors: Bonnet Célia S. , Fries Pascal H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe relative spatial distribution and motion with respect to Gd3+ of the 1H and 19F nuclei in the acetate ion and its fluorine derivatives are studied in D2O solutions through the paramagnetic relaxation rate enhancements (PREs) of these nuclei. We derive general theoretical expressions of the longitudinal PRE in terms of the analytical concentrations of metal and ligands, formation constants of the complexes, metal–nucleus distances, and coordination lifetimes of the ligands. The observed formation constants of the 1 metal: 1 ligand complexes markedly decrease with increasing number of fluorine atoms, the electronegativity of which reduces the negative partial charge of the coordinating COO− group. The coordination lifetimes are very short at the scale of the relaxation times of the protons of metal bound acetate, that is, shorter than about 10 μs. The average distance of the acetate protons from Gd3+ is in fair agreement with independent crystallographic determination. The release of free Gd3+ from the very stable Gddtpa (dtpa=diethylene‐triaminepentaacetate) complex caused by the competition of Zn2+ for dtpa, is evidenced by an increase of the PREs with Zn2+ concentration. The observed PRE increase is consistent with the known equilibrium constants governing the speciation involving Gd3+, Zn2+, and dtpa. The present case study illustrates a method which easily yields experimental tunable properties suitable to test the ongoing theories of lanthanide Ln3+ complexation in solution.
Platelet‐Blood Vessel Interactions
Authors: Ross Russell , Schwartz Stephen M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Morphological Models of Capillary EndotheliumTransport Across EndotheliumCell TurnoverEndothelial Cell CultureEndothelial FunctionEndothelial InjuryPlateletsMorphology and ContentPlatelet FunctionPlatelet‐Derived Growth FactorEndothelium‐Smooth Muscle InteractionsPlatelet‐Endothelial Cell InteractionsSummary
Interactions Between Respiration and Circulation
Authors: De Burgh Daly M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Spontaneous Respiratory Variations in the Cardiovascular SystemArterial Blood PressureHeart RateCardiac OutputSystemic Vascular ResistancePulmonary HemodynamicsCentral Nervous Control of Respiration and the Cardiovascular SystemReceptors and Afferent PathwaysCell Bodies and Efferent PathwaysCentral Control of Sympathetic Efferent ActivityDescending Pathways to Spinal Sympathetic OutflowCentral and Local Peripheral Circulatory Control by Blood GasesCentral EffectsPeripheral EffectsSome Reflex Neural Control MechanismsArterial BaroreceptorsPeripheral Arterial ChemoreceptorsUpper Airway ReceptorsFacial ReceptorsCardiopulmonary ReceptorsOverall Involvement of Cardiopulmonary ReceptorsReflex Cardiovascular Effects of Lung InflationCardiac ResponsesChanges in Systemic Vascular ResistanceCoronary CirculationNature of Pulmonary ReceptorsMechanisms of Respiratory ModulationPulmonary Vagal ReflexCentral Respiratory Neuronal ActivityHypocapniaPhasic Respiratory Modulation of Reflex ResponsesRespirationHeart RateRespiratory Modulation of Specific Inputs to Nervous SystemModulation by HyperventilationModulation by Reflex Hypoventilation and ApneaInteractions Between Carotid Baroreceptors and ChemoreceptorsRespiratory Modulation of Vagal and Sympathetic Efferent Fiber ActivityActivity in Cardiac Vagal Efferent FibersActivity in Sympathetic Efferent NervesMechanisms of Central IntegrationRespiratory Sinus ArrhythmiaMechanismsSome Examples of Respiratory‐Circulatory Integrative ControlEffects of Deep BreathValsalva ManeuverAcute HypoxiaHypocapniaHypercapniaAsphyxia and Breath HoldingBreath‐Hold DivingEffects of Changes in the Cardiovascular System on RespirationRespiration, Metabolism, and Cardiac OutputHemorrhagic HypotensionMedical Implications of Respiratory‐Cardiovascular InteractionsDiving ResponseProtective Effects of Defense MechanismsExaggerated Defense ResponsesRestoration of Normal Cardiac RhythmSudden Infant Death Syndrome
Cytomorphology of intraparenchymal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in frontal lobe: Report of a case
Authors: Vij Mukul , Krishnani Narendra , Agrawal Vinita , Jaiswal Sushila , Kumari Niraj , Jaiswal Awadesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay 
Published: October 2010

Abstractlntracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MC) and especially those that originate in brain parenchyma, are rare. A diagnosis of MC can be challenging to make on squash cytology. We describe cytomoprhology of solid cystic extraskeletal intraparenchymal MC in a 22‐year‐old male. The tumor was located in left frontal lobe. Cytology results demonstrated oval‐to‐spindled cells with high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratios. Cells showed perivascular arrangement. Small foci of basophilic extracellular matrix with scattered malignant chondroid component were also seen. Histologic examination of lesion demonstrated biphasic tumor, with prominent small cell population and focal atypical cartilage. Whole body survey of the patient was performed and no other extracrainal lesion was identified in the patient. The patient developed recurrence within 2 months. To the best of authors' knowledge this is the first case report describing cytomorphology of intraparenchymal MC. We discuss the differential diagnosis in light of relevant literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Cre‐reporter transgenic mouse expressing the far‐red fluorescent protein Katushka
Authors: Diéguez‐Hurtado Rodrigo , Martín Javier , Martínez‐Corral Inés , Martínez María Dolores , Megías Diego , Olmeda David , Ortega Sagrario 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCre/loxP‐dependent expression of fluorescent proteins represents a powerful biological tool for cell lineage, fate‐mapping, and genetic analysis. Live tissue imaging has significantly improved with the development of far‐red fluorescent proteins, with optimized spectral characteristics for in vivo applications. Here, we report the generation of the first transgenic mouse line expressing the far‐red fluorescent protein Katushka, driven by the hybrid CAG promoter upon Cre‐mediated recombination. After germ line or tissue‐specific Cre‐driven reporter activation, Katushka expression is strong and ubiquitous, without toxic effects, allowing fluorescence detection in fresh and fixed samples from all tissues examined. Moreover, fluorescence can be detected by in vivo noninvasive whole‐body imaging when Katuhska is expressed exclusively in a specific cell population deep within the animal body such as pancreatic beta cells. Thus, this reporter model enables early, widespread, and sensitive in vivo detection of Cre activity and should provide a versatile tool for a wide spectrum of fluorescence and live‐imaging applications. genesis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health‐service use in women with binge eating disorders
Authors: Dickerson John F. , DeBar Lynn , Perrin Nancy A. , Lynch Frances , Wilson G.Terence , Rosselli Francine , Kraemer Helena C. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:To compare health‐care utilization between participants who met DSM‐IV criteria for binge eating disorder (BED) and those engaged in recurrent binge eating (RBE) and to evaluate whether objective binge eating (OBE) days, a key measurement for diagnosing BED, predicted health‐care costs.Method:We obtained utilization and cost data from electronic medical records to augment patient reported data for 100 adult female members of a large health maintenance organization who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to treat binge eating.Results:Total costs did not differ between the BED and RBE groups (β = −0.117, z = −0.48, p = .629), nor did the number of OBE days predict total costs (β = −0.017, z = −1.01, p = .313).Discussion:Findings suggest that the medical impairment, as assessed through health care costs, caused by BED may not be greater than impairment caused by RBE. The current threshold number of two OBE days/week as a criterion for BED may need to be reconsidered. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2011
Changes of orexin A plasma levels in girls with anorexia nervosa during eight weeks of realimentation
Authors: Bronsky Jiri , Nedvidkova Jara , Krasnicanova Hana , Vesela Marie , Schmidtova Jana , Koutek Jiri , Kellermayer Richard , Chada Martin , Kabelka Zdenek , Hrdlicka Michal , Nevoral Jiri , Prusa Richard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:Orexin A (OXA) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in regulation of food intake and nutritional status. There are multiple disturbances of neuropeptide signaling described in girls with anorexia nervosa (AN), but OXA levels have not been addressed in this population to date. Therefore, we analyzed OXA levels of AN girls in this study.Method:OXA (radioimmunoassay/RIA/method), leptin, insulinlike growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), and insulinlike growth factor‐1 binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3) levels were measured before and after 8 weeks of realimentation in 36 girls with AN and in 14 healthy controls (control group: CG).Results:Average weight increased significantly in AN during the study (p< .0001), while plasma levels of OXA decreased (before realimentation: 56.2 ± 2.4 pg/ml; after realimentation: 47.5 ± 1.4 pg/ml;p= .0025). OXA levels before realimentation differed from levels in the CG (47.15 ± 2.6 pg/ml,p= .034), but not afterward. We did not find any correlation between OXA and age, height, weight, BMI; or IGF‐1, IGFBP‐3, and leptin levels.Discussion:OXA levels in untreated AN patients differ significantly from healthy subjects and decrease during realimentation. These findings indicate that OXA may be involved in the nutritional regulation of malnourished children and adolescents. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2011
Evaluation of contribution for voltage control ancillary services based on social surplus
Authors: Ueki Yuji , Hara Ryoichi , Kita Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Jun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReactive power supply plays an important role in active power supply with adequate system voltages. Various pricing mechanisms for reactive power supply have been developed and some of them have been adopted in some power systems, but they are in a trial stage. The authors also focus on development of a pricing method for reactive power ancillary services. This problem involves two technical issues: rational estimation of the cost associated with reactive power supply, and fair and transparent allocation of the estimated cost among the market participants. This paper proposes methods for evaluating the contribution of generators and demands. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 36–45, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21016
Kinetic Studies on the Reactions of Different Bifunctional Platinum(II) Complexes with Selected Nucleophiles
Authors: Bogojeski Jovana , Bugarčić Živadin D. , Puchta Ralph , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSubstitution reactions of the complexes cis‐[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], [Pt(SMC)Cl2]–, [Pt(en)Cl2], and [Pt(dach)Cl2], where SMC = S‐methyl‐L‐cysteine, en = ethylenediamine and dach = 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, with selected biologically important ligands, viz. guanosine‐5′‐monophosphate (5′‐GMP), L‐histidine and 1,2,4‐triazole, were studied. All reactions were studied in aqueous 25 mM Hepes buffer in the presence of 5 mM NaCl at pH = 7.2 under pseudo‐first‐order conditions as a function of concentration at 310 K by using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Two consecutive reaction steps, which both depend on the nucleophile concentration, were observed in all cases. The second‐order rate constants for both reaction steps indicate a decrease in the order [Pt(SMC)Cl2]– > cis‐[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] > [Pt(en)Cl2] > [Pt(dach)Cl2]. DFT calculations (B3LYP/LANL2DZp) showed that the Pt–N7(Guo) adduct is more stable than the Pt–S(thioether) adduct for the studied complexes cis‐[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], [Pt(SMC)Cl2]–, and [Pt(en)Cl2]. The calculations collectively support the experimentally observed substitution of thioethers bound to PtII complexes by N7(5′‐GMP). Finally, this result could be the first to clearly show how much the Pt–N7(Gua) adduct is more stable than the Pt–S(thioether).
Bulky Picolyl Substituted NHC Ligands and Their Pd0 Complexes
Authors: Warsink Stefan , van Aubel Carien M. S. , Weigand Jan J. , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung , Elsevier Cornelis J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHeterobidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene‐picolyl ligands with various substitution patterns and their palladium(0) complexes have been synthesized in excellent yields via their corresponding silver(I) complexes. These complexes are among the first examples where substitution next to the coordinating nitrogen is evaluated systematically. The complexes have been studied by NMR and X‐ray diffraction, confirming their bidentate nature. The complexes are active precatalysts in the transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes to Z‐alkenes, with activity and selectivity depending on the picolyl substituent to a high degree. Selectivities as high as 92 % were observed.
Multivariate fatty acid and fatty alcohol profile of mullet bottarga
Authors: Scano Paola , Rosa Antonella , Mereu Simone , Piras Cristina , Atzeri Angela , Dessi M. Assunta 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMullet bottarga is a food delicacy obtained by salting and drying the intact roes of mullet (Mugil spp.). The fatty acid and fatty alcohol compositions of different samples of bottarga were studied by means of gas chromatography (GC) and multivariate analysis (MVA). High percentages of beneficial n‐3 PUFA, among which docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n‐3, 11.9%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n‐3, 8.6%), were detected. Differences in the concentrations of unsaturated FA and FAL were observed among samples, while saturated components showed little variations. On the other hand, the total contents of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated components were similar. The principal component analysis loadings bi‐plot showed that n‐6 PUFA concentrations were inversely correlated to those of n‐3 PUFA, except for DHA that showed no correlations. Correlations between FAL concentrations were also observed. Furthermore, integrating our GC data with those from the literature on mullet and tuna bottarga, the MVA showed that both bottarga typologies exhibit a similar trend in the FA distribution and that 16:0 and 16:1n‐7 FA are the variables with the highest discriminant power. In this work, we demonstrated the usefulness of the application of MVA to GC data to extract meaningful information otherwise hidden in the amount of data.
Quality characteristics of olive leaf‐olive oil preparations
Authors: Nenadis Nikolaos , Moutafidou Avgi , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios , Tsimidou Maria Z. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOlive leaf‐olive oil preparations were obtained by vigorous mixing at various levels of addition (5, 10, 15%w/w) of new or mature leaves. After removal of the plant material via centrifugation, quality and sensory characteristics of the preparations were determined. Oxidative stability (120°C, 20 L/h) and DPPH radical scavenging were increased ∼2–7 fold depending on the level of leaves used due to enrichment with polar phenols, mainly oleuropein, anda‐tocopherol. The extraction process affected the chlorophyll content and organoleptic traits as indicated by acceptability and preference tests (n = 50). Forty‐four % of the panelists identified a strong pungency in preparations with 15% w/w new leaves. Fifty‐four % of them identified a bitter taste in those with 15% w/w mature leaves, which was attributed to high levels of oleuropein (∼200 mg/kg oil). Olive leaf‐olive oil preparations had interesting properties regarding antioxidants present that can attract the interest of a functional product market.Practical applications:The wider use of olive oil and derived products is highly desirable. In this sense, the current study presents data that support introduction to the market of a new specialty olive oil based solely on olive tree products (olive oil and leaves). Thus, in addition to olive oil and olive paste, a new product, that is an olive oil enriched with olive leaf antioxidants, especially oleuropein produced via a “green” technique (mechanical means instead of extraction with organic solvent) can be made available for consumers.
Effects of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids and ethylene‐vinyl acetate co‐polymer on crystallization behavior of biodiesel
Authors: Hamada Hiroyuki , Kato Hiroyuki , Ito Naoto , Takase Yoshihiko , Nanbu Hironobu , Mishima Shoko , Sakaki Hiromu , Sato Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiodiesel fuels (BDF) have many problems in the cold due to their crystallization properties. In particular, precipitation of large crystals of high‐melting fractions in BDF at low temperatures remarkably changes cold flow property of BDF and, thereby, it increases the values of cold filter plugging point. In this study, we evaluated polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGE) and ethylene‐vinyl acetate co‐polymer (EVA) as chemical additives to improve the cold flow property of palm oil‐based FAME (PFME). The results of solid fat content measurement indicate that the simultaneous addition of PGE and EVA showed synergistic effects on suppression of crystallization of PFME, however such effect was not observed when EVA was used alone. DSC thermograms indicated that the PGE additives not only decreased the crystallization temperature but also kinetically suppressed the crystal growth. Polarized light microscopy showed that the simultaneous addition of PGE and EVA led to the formation of considerably small and fine‐dispersed crystals of PFME. These results indicate that combined effects of PGE and EVA caused the formation of fine‐dispersed PFME crystals, which could improve the viscous properties of palm oil‐based BDF at relatively cold temperatures.