bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydrohymenialdisines, New Pyrrole‐2‐aminoimidazole Alkaloids from the Marine Sponge Cymbastela cantharella.
Authors: Sauleau Pierre , Retailleau Pascal , Nogues Stephanie , Carletti Isabelle , Marcourt Laurence , Raux Roselyne , Al Mourabit Ali , Debitus Cecile 
Published: August 2011

Abstract(+)‐Dihydrohymenialdisine (Ia), (‐)‐dihydrohymenialdisine (IIa) and their debromo analogues are identified as new products.
Improving Hull and White's Method of Estimating Portfolio Value‐at‐Risk
Authors: Changchien Chang‐Cheng , Lin Chu‐Hsiung , Yang Hsien‐Chueh Peter 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe propose a method approach. We use six international stock price indices and three hypothetical portfolios formed by these indices. The sample was observed daily from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2006. Confirmed by the failure rates and backtesting developed by Kupiec (Technique for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models. Journal of Derivatives 1995; 3: 73–84) and Christoffersen (Evaluating interval forecasts. International Economic Review 1998; 39: 841–862), the empirical results show that our method can considerably improve the estimation accuracy of value‐at‐risk. Thus the study establishes an effective alternative model for risk prediction and hence also provides a reliable tool for the management of portfolios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstructing paleolandscapes and prehistoric occupation of Wadi Ziqlab, northern Jordan
Authors: Maher Lisa A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGeoarchaeological survey conducted in Wadi Ziqlab focused on reconstructing landscape change in the river valley and relating these changes to shifts in prehistoric settlement. Micromorphology was used to identify a Late Pleistocene paleosol that once comprised a relatively continuous soil cover throughout the main valley and allowed stratigraphic correlations between examined sections. Warmer and wetter conditions during the Late Pleistocene supported substantial occupation of the wadi during this time at the Epipaleolithic site of 'Uyun al‐Hammam, and other contemporary sites in the wadi. The complete lack of late EP and early Neolithic sites throughout the wadi result from large‐scale erosion during the Younger Dryas, which removed any traces of these sites. Later Neolithic and subsequent occupation of the valley occurred within a notably different climatic regime. The pattern of prehistoric occupation and differential preservation of the archaeological record emphasizes the importance of local geoarchaeological investigations as the depositional sequence found in any one wadi is not necessarily traceable to other wadis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
e‐Participation Model for Sustainable Cultural Tourism Management: a Bottom‐Up Approach
Authors: Chiabai Aline , Paskaleva Krassimira , Lombardi Patrizia 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a ‘bottom‐up approach’ for cultural tourism management, based on the development of an e‐participation website for an Italian city, where the stakeholders are placed at the centre of the decisional process. The analysis provides an indication on how to personalize and differentiate the cultural tourism offer according to the stakeholders’ perspectives and to specific territorial characteristics. Innovative techniques of stakeholders’ engagement are offered by information and communication technologies tools that can play a vital role in today's cultural destinations. However, the study shows that the Web is yet to be utilized as an effective tool in stakeholders’ participation processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trauma and psychotic symptoms: Data from a pediatric mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Hainsworth Cassandra , Starling Jean , Brand Fernande , Groen Kaz , Munro Karen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study describes differences in symptoms in young people with psychosis, with and without a history of trauma. The files of 118 mental health inpatients, aged 8 to 18 years, all reporting hallucinations and/or delusions, were reviewed for a history of trauma. Symptoms reported by inpatients with and without a history of trauma were compared. Variables found to be significantly associated with trauma in the univariate analysis were entered into a logistic regression analysis. Variables were entered if they met a significance of p < .05 or an adjusted odds ratio of < 2. Young people with a history of trauma reported a highly significant increase in disturbed behavior, particularly those with a history of sexual assault. This study illustrates the importance of obtaining an adequate assessment of children and adolescents with psychotic symptoms to ensure they receive the most effective treatment.
Probabilistic Substructure Mining From Small‐Molecule Screens
Authors: Ranu Sayan , Calhoun Bradley T. , Singh Ambuj K. , Swamidass S. Joshua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIdentifying the overrepresented substructures from a set of molecules with similar activity is a common task in chemical informatics. Existing substructure miners are deterministic, requiring the activity of all mined molecules to be known with high confidence. In contrast, we introduce pGraphSig, a probabilistic structure miner, which effectively mines structures from noisy data, where many molecules are labeled with their probability of being active. We benchmark pGraphSig on data from several small‐molecule high throughput screens, finding that it can more effectively identify overrepresented structures than a deterministic structure miner.
Electron beam radiation effects on UHMWPE: an EPR study
Authors: Brunella Valentina , Paganini Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2011

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique has been employed to detect and characterise a series of different radical species generated in ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) via electron beam irradiation. Three different radical species have been found and assigned on the basis of their EPR spectra and of the related computer simulations. A secondary alkyl species, the prevalent one, is present immediately after irradiation, an allyl species appears only 24 h after irradiation when the alkyl species disappears.The third species, clearly visible at high microwave power only, has been observed for the first time and assigned to a tertiary alkyl carbon radical, whose formation is strictly connected with a Y‐shape crosslink and a migration of the unpaired electron on a carbon atom localised in an adjacent position. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decadal‐scale dynamics and response to pulse disturbance in the intertidal rockweed Fucus distichus (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Klinger Terrie , Fukuyama Allan K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe rockweed Fucus plays an important role in structuring intertidal communities on northern temperate and sub‐arctic shores. We performed a 12‐year study of Fucus dynamics on a rocky shore in Alaska to (i) describe characteristic dynamics of the Fucus canopy, (ii) test the generality of specific observations that emerged from biological studies following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS), and (iii) provide a basis for longer‐term change analysis in this sub‐arctic system. We annually sampled 36 permanent plots within a Fucus community in the Gulf of Alaska to describe canopy dynamics. In two consecutive years, we created small, high‐intensity disturbances to test whether synchronous cycles of growth and decline could be detected, as was reported following EVOS. We found only equivocal evidence of synchronous cycles and no long‐term signal of intense experimental disturbance. We found no evidence of recruitment inhibition by an established canopy, nor did we find evidence of density‐dependent mortality among adults. We did find that Fucus abundance tended to converge on a mode of 50–60% cover, and that annual average deviation from the 12‐year mean was 30% or less. We suggest that this system is both dynamic and resilient to natural forcings and intense experimental disturbance events.
Rational bi‐cubic G2 splines for design with basic shapes
Authors: Karčiauskas Kȩstutis , Peters Jörg 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe paper develops a rational bi‐cubic G2 (curvature continuous) analogue of the non‐uniform polynomial C2 cubic B‐spline paradigm. These rational splines can exactly reproduce parts of multiple basic shapes, such as cyclides and quadrics, in one by default smoothly‐connected structure. The versatility of this new tool for processing exact geometry is illustrated by conceptual design from basic shapes.
A Hierarchical Grid Based Framework for Fast Collision Detection
Authors: Fan Wenshan , Wang Bin , Paul Jean‐Claude , Sun Jiaguang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe present a novel hierarchical grid based method for fast collision detection (CD) for deformable models on GPU architecture. A two‐level grid is employed to accommodate the non‐uniform distribution of practical scene geometry. A bottom‐to‐top method is implemented to assign the triangles into the hierarchical grid without any iteration while a deferred scheme is introduced to efficiently update the data structure. To address the issue of load balancing, which greatly influences the performance in SIMD parallelism, a propagation scheme which utilizes a parallel scan and a segmented scan is presented, distributing workloads evenly across all concurrent threads. The proposed method supports both discrete collision detection (DCD) and continuous collision detection (CCD) with self‐collision. Some typical benchmarks are tested to verify the effectiveness of our method. The results highlight our speedups over prior algorithms on different commodity GPUs.
The Problem of Early English Sociology
Authors: Hickox M.S. 
Published: August 2011

A brief survey is attempted of the recent literature relating to the ‘problem’ of early English sociology, i.e. its apparent failure to produce in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries a body of thought comparable to the ‘classical’ sociological tradition which emerged in France and Germany during the same period. It is argued that the absence of such a tradition in England cannot be linked to the supposed failure of the English middle class to develop a corporate identity, as certain contemporary Marxist theorists have suggested. If the continental ‘classical’ tradition reflects the ideology of any social stratum, it is that of the educated middle class, linked to the central state apparatus, which developed in a number of European countries during the nineteenth century. The failure of such an intelligentsia to emerge in England in the same period is reflected in the specific development of English social thought.
Local Social Networks and Domestic Organisations: A Study of Redundant Steel Workers and Their Wives
Authors: Morris Lydia 
Published: August 2011

This paper applies the seminal insight of Elizabeth Bott (1957) to an analysis of the domestic organisation and local social networks of 40 redundant steel workers and their wives. Certain methodological problems which arose in the course of the research prompted a reconsideration of particular aspects of existing work in this field, and a more detailed specification of the possible patterns of interaction resulting from the independent and joint activities of husband and wife. The paper outlines three models of social interaction which emerged from the research data, and uses these models as a means of highlighting certain aspects of independent male and female social activity. Finally, the work discusses the implication of different social patterns for the organisation of domestic life and the management of household finance.
Visions of Power: Ideology and Practice in the American Garage Sale
Authors: Soiffer Stephen S. , Herrmann Gretchen M. 
Published: August 2011

In this article, we examine ideological statements reflected in, and to a small extent created by, people's participation in garage sales.1 Although the article touches upon the economics of garage sales, its focus is on ideology, about how people understand what they are doing when they buy and sell, and how this relates to their more general perception of the social world and their position in it. The way people discuss their participation in garage sales tells a great deal about how they understand their worlds: patterns of work and consumption, claims (especially by women and the aged) that their daily activities have more dignity than is normally afforded them within society, a felt need for moral and practical networks. The expression of ‘oppositional culture’ in the statements garage sale participants make to describe their lives is certainly underdeveloped. It is not free of the dominant ideology, cannot be the basis of class-conscious political practice and in present form poses little danger to any social institution (except perhaps department stores). Still it does contain, in shadowy form, seminal statements in contradiction to what is generally regarded as the dominant ideology. We will call these emerging elements ‘prefigurative cultural formations’, as in vague form they connote emergent social values. Further, we will argue that these prefigurative cultural formations are grouped into discrete ideological claims that we call ‘Visions of Power’, each of which speaks to the empowerment of subordinate groups. We will discuss four specific Visions of Power: reclaiming control of one's work, creating a sense of social justice, beating the system, and feeling oneself a part of a nurturing community. Before attempting to demonstrate the utility of these concepts in understanding forms of belief reflected in garage sales and other informal economic activities, we will briefly explore our approach to ideology, and will attempt to situate it within the contemporary debate on the nature of ideology.
Disciplinary Pluralism: Four Models of Private Justice in the Workplace
Authors: Henry Stuart 
Published: August 2011

This paper develops a typology of four different models of discipline that operate in the workplace. These models are derived from a systematic analysis of the literature using a framework developed by criminologists for examining crime and criminal justice systems. The analysis focuses on each model's views of human nature, social order, rule creation, crime and deviance, disciplinary procedure and philosophy of sanctioning. The analysis highlights the important role played by organizational structure in shaping disciplinary form. The implications of the typology are discussed for current debates about the character of an all-pervasive societal discipline. It is concluded that current unitary visions of such discipline as ‘instrumental’ should be modified in the light of the pluralism implied by the typological analysis. Instead of being a homogeneous expanse of dense growth extending thousands of miles, as it appears from the air, the jungle is actually a composite of as many as 200 different kinds of forests packed tightly together. Each forest is composed of its own species of trees and plants. These forest types are primarily based on soil types or drainage types, which actually influence the type of soil. Once you get away from that perception of all green, then you can see a diversity of habitats right there in the jungle. ( The Washington Post, March 22, 1985)
Factory Women, Redundancy and the Search for Work: Toward a Reconceptualisation of Employment and Unemployment
Authors: Davies Karen , Esseveld Johanna 
Published: August 2011

A number of social scientists (see for example, Allen et al., 1986; Brown, 1984; Purcell, 1985; Purcell et al., 1986; Roberts et al., 1985) have drawn attention to the way in which patterns of working have changed radically in recent years suggesting that we need to rethink and reconceptualise with regard to work, employment and unemployment. This paper examines these issues in Sweden where recession in the early eighties and economic restructuring, similar to the experience in other Western countries, have affected individuals' relation to the labour market. It is our view that the effects of these developments (have) affect(ed) women and immigrants differently. It is furthermore our contention that welfare state policies related to the functioning of the labour market (inadvertently) play a role in the maintenance of inequality.
Spatial Variability in Relative Survival from Female Breast Cancer
Authors: Saez Marc , Barceló Maria Antònia , Martos Carmen , Saurina Carme , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Renart Gemma , Ocaña-Riola Ricardo , Feja Cristina , Alcalá Tomás 
Published: August 2011

SummaryRelative survival is a measure of survival corrected for the effect of independent causes of death other than the cancer of interest. It is provided by population-based cancer registries and constitutes an indicator of the quality of cancer patient management. Geographical variations in relative survival from cancer could reflect differences in the effectiveness of healthcare. Studies comparing geographical variations use estimates of relative survival obtained independently in each of the corresponding geographical units. When the units havesmall populations, the statistical stability of survival estimates could be seriously compromised.Our main objective is to assess the geographical variation in relative survival ratios from femalebreast cancer in the Girona Health Region (corresponding, virtually, to the province of Girona inCatalonia, in north-eastern Spain). Firstly, we propose smoothing relative survival estimates bymeans of a (full) Bayesian hierarchical model. Secondly, we investigate which geographicalunit will give more stable estimates and could therefore be used for the analysis of cancersurvival as a healthcare performance indicator. We find that the model with more success in controlling for extra variability in the estimation of relative survival from female breast cancer in theGirona Health Region is a (full) Bayesian hierarchical model that incorporates both heterogeneity and spatial random effects. The greatest stability of these relative survival estimates wasachieved when basic health areas were taken as geographical units.
Cost‐effective Biodiversity Conservation: Procurement Auctions and Payment‐by‐Results  Préserver la biodiversité de manière efficace et au moindre coût : enchères pour la fourniture de services et paiements au résultat  Kosteneffiziente Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt: Beschaffungsauktionen und ergebnisorientierte Honorierung
Authors: Groth Markus 
Published: August 2011

summaryCost‐effective Biodiversity Conservation: Procurement Auctions and Payment‐by‐ResultsManaged grasslands contribute in a number of ways to the biodiversity of European agricultural landscapes and provide a wide range of ecosystem services that are also of socio‐economic value. Against the background of a rapid biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes, increasing attention is being paid to farming practices that enhance ecosystem services. Therefore developing cost‐effective conservation payment schemes is the main challenge facing present European agri‐environmental policy. This article deals with the design, implementation and results of a case‐study payment scheme in Steinburg county in Germany that compares payment‐by‐results conservation procurement auctions with a fixed flat‐rate payment‐by‐results approach as a means of improving the cost‐effectiveness of conservation schemes for grassland plant biodiversity. The empirical work indicates cost‐effectiveness gains of auctioning – compared to current fixed flat‐rate payment schemes – of up to 50 per cent. These findings along with the relatively high number of successful participants indicate that this specific approach will probably be an improvement over current action‐orientated fixed flat‐rate payments. This is mainly because low‐cost producers gain smaller information rents and the conservation agency will – with a given budget – be able to close contracts with (some) high‐cost farmers due to cost‐effectiveness gains provided by low‐cost landowners.
Some multi‐attribute models in examination assessment
Authors: Vassiloglou M. 
Published: August 2011

Examination assessment can be likened to multi‐attribute models in value theory by treating candidates as alternatives that have to be compared and examination components as the different attributes on which they are assessed. Then the mark combination process is equivalent to a value function, the main difference being that in this context the examiners' judgement is modelled rather than their preferences.This paper consists of five parts. In the first, a formal representation of the problem is given. In the next three sections, three additive representations are studied, each involving a different set of properties for the marks and the combination process. Finally, there is a short discussion and comparison of the three representations.
Confusing rotation‐like operations in space, mind and brain
Authors: Gregson Robert A. M. 
Published: August 2011

The research on mental rotation is now extensive, and diverse in its approach and level. The phenomenon was originally described in terms of perceptual performance, and has been well replicated in that sense. That human observers can apparently turn images about axes of rotation or reflection, and correctly construct identifications of objects whose images have been transformed in a virtual mental space, is uncontested but in some ways unexplained. The phenomenon raises fundamental questions about the nature of mathematical assumptions within psychological theory, and suggests a need for the reconciliation of phenomenological, neuropsychological and mathematical descriptions within one compatible framework. It is concluded that what actually happens is not rotation in the geometrical sense but a serial operation that may be confused with rotation, and may sometimes yield the same terminal result.A bibliography of major sources on the experimental and mathematical analyses of the mental rotation of images of 2‐d and 3‐d figures has been compiled.