bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbed dental development of permanent teeth in children with solid tumors and lymphomas
Authors: Cubukcu Cigdem Elbek , Sevinir Betül , Ercan İlker 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundDeficient dental root development has been reported after conventional pediatric anticancer therapy but less information is available on children with solid tumors and lymphomas.ProcedureWe examined dental development from panoramic radiographs (PRGs) of 37 childhood cancer survivors (CCS) treated under the age of 10 years with multimodal chemotherapy (CT) and/or head and neck radiotherapy (RT). A novel defect index (DeI) was used to describe the total damage to permanent dentition. The DeI was also tested in matched controls.ResultsAll CCS had dental disturbances including abnormal root development (86.4%), microdontia (13.5%) and tooth agenesis (16.2%). Testing the controls gave the mean DeI value 1.9 ± 2.7 (range, 0–12), while the index scores in the study group varied from 0 to 49 (mean 10.8 ± 11.2) (P < 0.01). The statistical differences in the mean DeI values were insignificant between CT and CT and RT groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsChildren treated for solid tumors and lymphomas are at considerable risk of some disturbances in developing dental structures. RT increased the severity of disturbances induced by CT. Studies should further elucidate dose‐, age and time‐related effects of anticancer treatment on dental development. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 80–84. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple target molecular monitoring of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with localized neuroblastoma and healthy donors
Authors: Corrias Maria Valeria , Haupt Riccardo , Carlini Barbara , Cappelli Enrico , Giardino Stefano , Tripodi Gino , Tonini Gian Paolo , Garaventa Alberto , Pistoia Vito , Pistorio Angela 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundMultiple target molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease in neuroblastoma (NB) patients may increase sensitivity and overcome tumor heterogeneity. However, multiple target analysis is costly and time consuming, thus improvement with respect to single target monitoring needs to be achieved.ProceduresItalian patients with localized NB were evaluated at diagnosis for TH, GD2‐s, DDC, DCX, ELAV‐4, STX, and Phox2b mRNA expressions. Patients with metastatic NB were tested as positive controls, together with NB primary tumors and cell lines, while healthy donors were tested as negative controls.ResultsAll NB‐related markers but Phox2b were expressed in healthy donors, and in a high percentage of patients with localized NB without association with clinical events. The introduction of cut‐off levels increased marker specificity, although the percentage of positive results was only slightly modified. While TH positivity in PB samples significantly associated with a worse prognosis, a paradox association was found for GD2‐s mRNA expression. No correlation and agreement between quantitative and qualitative results obtained with the two assays were found. In the set of samples tested for all markers, no pattern of expression was found to be associated with a specific clinical situation.ConclusionThese findings suggest that positive molecular results may not reflect the presence of disease, and that correlation among different markers is small in condition of low tumor burden. Thus, to reduce cost and amount of precious samples, in addition to TH, whose prognostic value was confirmed, only Phox2b warrants further evaluation in multi‐center, prospective studies for high risk patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 43–49. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The utility of performing the initial lumbar puncture on day 8 in remission induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: TCCSG L99‐15 study
Authors: Hasegawa Daisuke , Manabe Atsushi , Ohara Akira , Kikuchi Akira , Koh Katsuyoshi , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Fukushima Takashi , Ishida Yasushi , Saito Tomohiro , Hanada Ryoji , Tsuchida Masahiro ,   The Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic lumbar puncture with leukemic blasts (TLP+), which has been reported to occur 5–10%, in the previous studies, adversely affects the outcome of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Based on the results from our previous study, we deferred the initial lumbar puncture until day 8 in remission induction therapy in order to reduce the frequency of cases with TLP+.ProcedureThe study was conducted as a prospective cohort study within the Tokyo Children's Cancer Study Group (TCCSG) L99‐15 study. Between April 1999 and June 2003, 754 children with newly diagnosed ALL enrolled. The patients received the initial intrathecal chemotherapy after 7 days of prednisolone treatment. The incidence of central nervous system (CNS)‐positive (the presence of leukemic blasts in cerebrospinal fluid or cranial nerve palsy) including TLP+ cases and cumulative incidence of CNS relapse were examined.ResultsThe incidence of CNS‐positive and TLP+ was 2.9% (n = 22) and 0.8% (n = 6), respectively. These incidences were much lower than those in the representative study groups employing the initial IT on day 1. Of 22 patients with CNS‐positive, only one patient relapsed in CNS, whereas 22 of the remaining CNS‐negative 723 patients suffered from CNS relapse. Overall, event‐free survival at 4 year was 78.2 ± 1.6%. Four‐year cumulative incidence of any CNS relapse was 3.3 ± 0.7%, which improved from our previous study in spite of limiting the use of cranial irradiation.ConclusionsOur strategy reduced the frequency of CNS‐positive patients who required reinforcement of CNS‐directed therapy without compromising overall outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 23–30. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The epidemiology of herpes zoster in 226 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sørensen Gitte Vrelits , Rosthøj Steen , Würtz Morten , Danielsen Tore Kristian , Schrøder Henrik 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundHerpes zoster (HZ) is rare in healthy children, but may occur frequently and take a complicated course in children receiving chemotherapy. We determined the morbidity related to HZ in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).ProcedureMedical records of 226 children diagnosed with ALL were reviewed. Of these, 160 were seropositive at the time of diagnosis. HZ eruptions during primary chemotherapy, during therapy for relapse and following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were registered.ResultsA total of 90 eruptions were recorded: 63 first‐time attacks and 27 recurrent episodes among 14 children. All eruptions were treated with acyclovir (ACV) and in 60% it was given intravenously. Cutaneous dissemination occurred in 11 cases, post herpetic neuralgia in five, visceral dissemination in none. During primary chemotherapy 47 children (29%) had HZ. The eruption rate was significantly higher in children on high risk protocols compared to children on standard/intermediate risk protocols (0.36 vs. 0.07/0.09 per year) and was related to intensity of chemotherapy. During therapy for relapse 7 of 29 (24%) had a total of 13 eruptions. Following BMT 9 of 26 (35%) had a total of 10 eruptions.ConclusionAlmost one third of the seropositive children had HZ during primary chemotherapy. Of those treated on high risk protocols more than half had one or more eruptions during the course of treatment. The risk of complicated HZ is small, but prolonged intensive chemotherapy can lead to considerable morbidity from repeated eruptions. Attempts to improve immunity by vaccination after attaining remission seem warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 993–997. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isotopic composition of syngenetic ice wedges and palaeoclimatic reconstruction, western Taymyr, Russian Arctic
Authors: Streletskaya Irina , Vasiliev Alexander , Meyer Hanno 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRecent, Holocene and Late Weichselian (Sartan) generations of syngenetic ice wedges developed in loess‐like and alluvial sediments were investigated along the coast of the Yenisey Bay from Sopochnaya Karga Cape (71°88'N, 82°68'E) to Dikson (73°31'N, 80°34'E). Ages of about 3.4 − 4.6 ka BP were determined for peat layer and wood fragments in ice‐rich deposits surrounding ice wedges near Dikson. The isotopic composition of these wedges reflects relatively cold winter temperatures in the Holocene. The lightest isotope composition characterises older ice wedges near Dikson and Sopochnaya Karga Cape. A warming trend between ice wedges of different generations was indicated by a distinct increase in O (4 − 5 ‰) and H (35 − 40‰) stable isotopes. Palaeotemperature reconstruction based on the data shows that winter temperatures during the formation of older generation ice wedges were lower than Holocene winter temperatures, indicating that they developed in the Late Weichselian (MIS2). The presence of syngenetic ice wedges strongly suggests that the coast of western Taymyr was not ice‐covered at this time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological effects of rice harbouring Bph14 and Bph15 on brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Qiuhong , Wang Liangquan , Liu Jia , Shang Keke , Hua Hongxia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) resistance genes Bph14 and Bph15 have been introgressed singly or pyramided into rice variety Minghui 63 (MH63). The antibiosis and antixenosis effects of these rice lines on BPH and the expression of five P450 genes of BPH regulated by these rice lines were investigated in this study.RESULTS: The resistance level of rice lines harbouring resistance genes was improved compared with MH63. MH63::14 (carrying Bph14) had negative effects on the development of males, honeydew excretion of females, the female ratio and the copulation rate compared with MH63. MH63::14 also exhibited antixenosis action against BPH nymphs, female adults and oviposition. Besides these negative effects, MH63::15 (carrying Bph15) could also retard the development of females, lower the fecundity and shorten the lifespan of females. The antixenosis action of MH63::15 was stronger than that of MH63::14. When Bph14 and Bph15 were pyramided, antibiosis and antixenosis effects were significantly enhanced relative to single‐introgression lines. Among the five P450 genes of BPH, expression of three genes was upregulated, one gene was downregulated and one gene was unchanged by resistant hosts.CONCLUSION: Both Bph14 and Bph15 could improve resistance levels of MH63. MH63::15 and MH63::14&15 had greater potential to control BPH infestations than MH63::14. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of peptides containing 5‐hydroxytryptophan, oxindolylalanine, N‐formylkynurenine and kynurenine
Authors: Todorovski Toni , Fedorova Maria , Hennig Lothar , Hoffmann Ralf 
Published: January 2011

AbstractROS, continuously produced in cells, can reversibly or irreversibly oxidize proteins, lipids, and DNA. At the protein level, cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, and tyrosine residues are particularly prone to oxidation. Here, we describe the solid phase synthesis of peptides containing four different oxidation products of tryptophan residues that can be formed by oxidation in proteins in vitro and in vivo: 5‐HTP, Oia, Kyn, and NFK. First, we synthesized Oia and NFK by selective oxidation of tryptophan and then protected the ${\bf \alpha}$‐amino group of both amino acids, and the commercially available 5‐HTP, with Fmoc‐succinimide. High yields of Fmoc‐Kyn were obtained by acid hydrolysis of Fmoc‐NFK. All four Fmoc derivatives were successfully incorporated, at high yields, into three different peptide sequences from skeletal muscle actin, creatin kinase (M‐type), and ${\bf \beta}$‐enolase. The correct structure of all modified peptides was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Interestingly, isobaric peptides containing 5‐HTP and Oia were always well separated in an acetonitrile gradient with TFA as the ion‐pair reagent on a C18‐phase. Such synthetic peptides should prove useful in future studies to distinguish isobaric oxidation products of tryptophan. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved photocatalytic performance of rutile TiO2
Authors: Nowotny Maria K. , Bahnemann Detlef W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of the model compound methylene blue (MB) was used to monitor the photocatalytic performance of a sequence of undoped rutile TiO2 dispersions, processed under different conditions. In particular two types of powders – strongly reduced (BET = 1.69 m2/g) and strongly oxidised (BET = 0.75 m2/g) – were processed at 1273 K in a controlled oxygen atmosphere of p (O2) = 10–10 Pa and p (O2) = 75 kPa, respectively. Results demonstrate that the coupling of equal amounts of the strongly reduced and the strongly oxidised rutile TiO2 powders enhances the photo‐degradation of MB. This is the first time that the photocatalytic performance of rutile TiO2 has been enhanced through homogeneous coupling. The performance was further enhanced by the addition of an Fe2+ ion redox mediator. All results were compared to a commercial anatase TiO2 pow‐ der purchased from Millenium Chemicals (GP350; BET = 121.9 m2/g). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase transformation mechanism of In–Sb–Te through the boundary reaction between InSb and InTe
Authors: Kim Yong Tae , Kim Eun Tae , Kim Chung Soo , Lee Jeong Yong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe boundary reaction between InSb and InTe bilayers shows that In3Sb1Te2 (IST) is formed at the InTe side first due to the diffusion of Sb atoms from InSb to InTe rather than the diffusion of Te atoms from InTe to InSb at the crystallization temperature of IST. The diffusion of Sb atoms into InTe changes the atomic configuration of InTe, which leads to small lattice distortion and a coherent boundary region for the formation of IST crystalline thin films. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wave activity and baroclinic stability theorems for a two‐dimensional stratified semi‐geostrophic model
Authors: Ren Shuzhan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractArnold's method is used to derive two finite‐amplitude wave‐activity invariants – pseudo‐momentum and pseudo‐energy – based on the Hamiltonian structure for the two‐dimensional baroclinic semi‐geostrophic (SG) model in physical coordinates. The corresponding Liapunov stability theorems are established. For small‐amplitude disturbances the pseudo‐momentum and pseudo‐energy can be greatly simplified by introducing the quasi‐potential‐vorticity perturbation. The corresponding linear stability conditions, expressed explicitly in terms of the basic state, are obtained. The lateral boundary conditions are found to have a big impact on the stability of SG dynamics in both linear and nonlinear cases.The results show that nonlinear stability criteria are more complicated than linear stability criteria, in that they contain more conditions in the interior resulting from the inclusion of potential temperature and the nonlinearity of SG potential vorticity in the wave activity. It is also found that the nonlinear stability criteria for the SG model are very different from those for the quasi‐geostrophic (QG) model.The failure to extend the Liapunov stability theorems to the three‐dimensional SG model is discussed. It is found that this failure results from the third‐order nonlinear terms in the three‐dimensional SG potential vorticity. Since the variation of these terms in the wave activity is not sign‐definite, nonlinear stability conditions cannot be obtained. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Evaluation of a reduced model for investigating hurricane formation from turbulence
Authors: Schecter David A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper evaluates the adequacy of a reduced (three‐layer) model for understanding hurricane formation from turbulent initial conditions. The evaluation is based on a direct comparison to tropical cyclogenesis in a cloud‐system‐resolving (CSR) model that employs single‐moment warm rain microphysics. The reduced model has three cumulus parametrizations, referred to as the convergence‐based (CB), boundary layer quasi‐equilibrium (BLQ), and selective boost (SB) options. Regardless of which one is activated, the reduced model produces hurricanes on the same time‐scale as the CSR model. Generally speaking, the hurricanes emerge from turbulence through the coalescence and convective intensification of cyclonic vorticity. Moreover, in both the reduced and CSR models, the onset of ‘rapid intensification’ follows pronounced local growth of theη‐variable of Ooyama (1969), which is a combined measure of deep convective instability and middle tropospheric moisture. Eliminating the surface flux of moist entropyor surface frictionin either model prevents or severely inhibits hurricane formation; however, hurricanes eventually form without surface friction in the BLQ or SB versions of the reduced model.Despite some measure of success, the reduced model has notable deficiencies that are apparent during the intermediate stage of genesis. Compared to the CSR model, rotational storms are less sporadic and their peak winds are less severe. In the intermediate mesoscale of the reduced model, the horizontal kinetic energy spectrum is relatively steep, and horizontal divergence is relatively weak. Furthermore, the Lagrangian autocorrelation time of vertical vorticity is relatively long. These discrepancies reflect a simplified (quasi‐two‐dimensional) form of rotational convective turbulence. The simplified turbulence has comparatively robust mesoscale vortices, and tends to produce more tropical cyclones than its counterpart generates in the CSR model. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
JUVENILE SALMON RESPONSE TO THE PLACEMENT OF ENGINEERED LOG JAMS (ELJS) IN THE ELWHA RIVER, WASHINGTON STATE, USA
Authors: Pess G. R. , Liermann M. C. , McHenry M. L. , Peters R. J. , Bennett T. R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTEngineered log jams (ELJs) are increasingly being used in large rivers to create fish habitat and as an alternative to riprap for bank stabilization. However, there have been few studies that have systematically examined how juvenile salmonids utilized these structures relative to other available habitat. We examined Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch) and trout (O. mykiss and O. clarki) response to the placement of engineered log jams (ELJs) in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA. We used summer snorkel surveys and a paired control‐treatment design to determine how engineered log jams in a large river system affect the density of juvenile salmon. We hypothesized that densities of juvenile salmonids would be greater in habitats with ELJs than in habitats without ELJs in the Elwha River and that this ELJ effect would vary by species and size class. Juvenile salmonid density was higher in ELJ units for all control‐treatment pairs except for one pair in 2002 and one pair in 2003. Positive mean differences in juvenile salmon densities between ELJ and non‐ELJ units were observed in two of four years for all juvenile salmon, trout greater than 100 mm and juvenile Chinook salmon. Positive mean differences occurred in one of 4 years for juvenile coho salmon and trout less than 100 mm. The results suggest that ELJs are potentially useful for restoring juvenile salmon habitat in the Elwha River, Washington State, USA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHUM SALMON SPAWNING ACTIVITY IN TRIBUTARIES BELOW BONNEVILLE DAM: THE RELATIONSHIP WITH TAILWATER ELEVATION AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION
Authors: Poirier Jennifer M. , Whitesel Timothy A. , Johnson Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTChum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) below Bonneville Dam migrate through as well as hold and spawn in both tributaries and mainstem areas of the Columbia River, USA. Whether fluctuations in tailwater elevation influence spawning in tributaries is unclear. We examined the relationship between Bonneville Dam tailwater elevation, seasonal precipitation and chum salmon spawning activities in three tributary spawning areas. In these tributaries, we assessed initial date of entry, time required to enter and length of spawning season, as well as the proportion of the total population that spawned in tributaries and the distribution of spawners among tributaries. Using linear regression, these variables were compared to cumulative hours of tailwater elevation ≥ 3.5 m and cumulative precipitation. Increased Bonneville Dam tailwater elevation was associated with later and longer lasting chum salmon spawning activities, but was not associated with the distribution of chum salmon spawners in tributaries. Increased seasonal precipitation was associated with a more prolonged spawning season and relatively even distribution of adult chum salmon, but was unrelated to the timing of chum salmon spawning in tributaries. The regulation of tailwater elevation downstream from Bonneville Dam can influence the spawning process for chum salmon in tributaries that enter the regulated area. How important this influence is to the decline of chum salmon in the Columbia River is unclear. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CLASSIFICATION OF FLOW REGIMES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW ASSESSMENT IN REGULATED RIVERS: THE HUAI RIVER BASIN, CHINA
Authors: Zhang Y. , Arthington A. H. , Bunn S. E. , Mackay S. , Xia J. , Kennard M. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTFlow regime characteristics (magnitude, frequency, duration, seasonal timing and rates of change) play a primary role in regulating the biodiversity and ecological processes in rivers. River classification provides the foundation for comparing the hydrologic regimes of rivers and development of hydro‐ecological relationships to inform environmental flow management and river restoration. This paper presents a classification of natural flow regimes and hydrologic changes due to dams and floodgates in the Huai River Basin, China, in preparation for an environmental flow assessment. The monthly natural flow regime of 45 stations in the upper and middle Huai River Basin were simulated for the period 1963–2000, based on the hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Six classes of flow patterns (low or high discharge, stable or variable, perennial or intermittent, predictable or unpredictable) were identified based on 80 hydrologic metrics, analysed by hierarchical clustering algorithms. The ecologically relevant climatic and geographic characteristics of these flow classes were tested for concordance with, and to strengthen, the hydro‐ecological classification. The regulation of natural flow patterns by dams and floodgates changed flows at some locations within each flow class and caused some gauges to shift into another class. The research reported here is expected to provide a foundation for development of hydro‐ecological relationships and environmental flow methods for wider use in China, as well as setting a new scientific direction for integrated river basin management in the Huai River Basin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.