bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porcine cis-acting lnc-CAST positively regulates CXCL8 expression through histone H3K27ac
Authors: Gao Junxin , Yu Haidong , Pan Yu , Wang Xinrong , Zhang He , Xu Yunfei , Ma Wenjie , Zhang Wenli , Fu Lizhi , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemokine CXCL8, also known as the neutrophil chemotactic factor, plays a crucial role in mediating inflammatory responses and managing cellular immune reactions during viral infections. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) primarily infects pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), leading to acute pulmonary infections. In this study, we explored a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), termed lnc-CAST, situated within the Cxcl8 gene locus. This lncRNA was found to be highly expressed in porcine macrophages. We observed that both lnc-CAST and CXCL8 were significantly upregulated in PAMs following PRRSV infection, and after treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Furthermore, we noticed a concurrent upregulation of lnc-CAST and CXCL8 expression in lungs of PRRSV-infected pigs. We then determined that lnc-CAST positively influenced CXCL8 expression in PAMs. Overexpression of lnc-CAST led to an increase in CXCL8 production, which in turn enhanced the migration of epithelial cells and the recruitment of neutrophils. Conversely, inhibiting lnc-CAST expression resulted in reduced CXCL8 production in PAMs, leading to decreased migration levels of epithelial cells and neutrophils. From a mechanistic perspective, we found that lnc-CAST, localized in the nucleus, facilitated the enrichment of histone H3K27ac in CXCL8 promoter region, thereby stimulating CXCL8 transcription in a cis-regulatory manner. In conclusion, our study underscores the pivotal critical role of lnc-CAST in regulating CXCL8 production, offering valuable insights into chemokine regulation and lung damage during PRRSV infection.
Characterization and identification of an archaeological “lacquer” pipe
Authors: Huang Yazhen , Fu Yingchun , Shen Dawa , Lindahl Karin , Wei Shuya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A pipe with red coating on the surface was excavated from an archaeological site in Sweden, which is supposed to be a lacquer ware imported from China due to the admiration and pursue of lacquer wares from Asia by Europeans during sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. However, materials such as shellac and resins were often used to imitate lacquer during that time in Europe. To determine whether the pipe was Chinese lacquer ware or not, attenuated total reflection of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermally-assisted hydrolysis and methylation pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (THM-Py-GC/MS) were conducted. The detection of significant amount of aleuritic acid, laccijalaric acid, laccishellolic acid, shellolic acid and jalaric acid represents that shellac is the main material used for the pipe coating rather than Chinese lacquer. Long chain fatty alcohols were found in the sample, indicating that the shellac is un-dewaxed. In addition, pine resin and turpentine were also found as additives in the pipe coating. Furthermore, pigments in the coating were determined as cinnabar and carbon black by scanning electron microscopy with element energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. The results could definitely support the conservation of the pipe, and also provide the evidence of the cultural exchange between Europe and Asia.
Development of non-destructive isotope measurement of the natural galena (PbS) using negative muon beams
Authors: Terada K. , Ninomiya K. , Sato A. , Tomono D. , Kawashima Y. , Inagaki M. , Nambu A. , Kudo T. , Osawa T. , Kubo M. K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Earth and planetary science, Pb isotopic composition is well known to play a key role in deciphering the origin and evolution of materials because they provide unique chronological and/or indigenous regional information as a radiogenic daughter nuclide from U and Th. To determine such an isotopic composition, mass spectrometers have been widely used over several decades, which requires a destructive/consuming treatment such as sputtering, laser ablation and thermal ionization. Here, we first report the non-destructive Pb isotopic measurement of natural galena (PbS) using the energy shift of muon-induced characteristic X-rays. The observed Pb isotopic composition of the natural galena is in good agreement with that obtained by conventional mass spectrometry. Such a muon-based Pb isotopic analysis method is expected to be applied to identify the production area of archaeological artefacts (e.g. bronze products), where non-destructive analysis is highly desirable compared to conventional mass spectrometry.
Geographical and seasonal variations of gravity wave activities in the upper mesosphere measured by space-borne imaging of molecular oxygen nightglow
Authors: Hozumi Yuta , Saito Akinori , Sakanoi Takeshi , Yue Jia , Yamazaki Atsushi , Liu Hanli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGeographical and seasonal variations of gravity wave events in the upper mesosphere were investigated using the nightglow imaging data obtained by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) on the Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere (IMAP) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The nadir-imaging data of the O2(0–0) atmospheric band (762 nm) with the typical emission peak around 95 km altitude was used to investigate small-scale waves (horizontal wavelengths less than ~ 200 km) on a global scale. To detect gravity wave events, the variance of high-pass filtered nightglow images within a local 100 km radius was evaluated, with a threshold set at three times the standard deviation from the average variance of the background level. A data screening algorithm that evaluates the variance of upwelling contamination light emission was also introduced to remove contaminated data. Applying the variance filter and data screening algorithm to a nearly 3-year data set, from November 2012 to August 2015, occurrence maps of wave events for four seasons were derived. The occurrence maps show a higher frequency of wave events in winter high latitudes (> 40° N/S), considerably attributed to gravity wave activity associated with the polar night jet. Hot spots were observed near orographic sources in winter high latitudes, including the eastern part of North America, Europe, and the southern Andes. In the summer hemisphere, hot spots were detected at mid-to-high latitudes such as North America, Europe, and the eastern side of the Eurasian continent, and at equatorial latitudes just above the intertropical convection zone (ITCZ). They are likely gravity waves from deep convection that arise from mid-latitude summertime thunderstorms and the ITCZ, respectively. During the equinox seasons, hot spots were detected near convective sources such as the Amazon Rainforest, Congo Rainforest, and the Indochina peninsula.
Graphical Abstract
International Trauma Questionnaire and Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9: validity evidence and measurement invariance of their Brazilian versions
Authors: Aprigio Isabelle , dos Santos Pedro Paulo Pires , Gauer Gustavo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9 (PTCI-9) is used to measure posttraumatic cognitions. Both tools have been translated for use in Brazil. However, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian versions were not investigated, and no study has verified the invariance of these tools for many traumatic event types.

Objective
This study examined the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and the PTCI-9 for trauma type, gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region.

Methods
A total of 2,111 people (67.74% women) participated in an online survey. The scale models were tested via confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance through multigroup analyses. Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships between PTSD, CPTSD, posttraumatic cognitions, and depressive symptoms.

Results
Except for the affective dysregulation factor, the reliabilities of the ITQ and PTCI-9 dimensions were adequate. Models with six correlated dimensions for the ITQ and three correlated dimensions for the PTCI-9 showed adequate fit to the data. The ITQ and PTCI-9 exhibited scalar invariance for gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. The ITQ also demonstrated full invariance for trauma type. The factors of both instruments were related to each other and to depressive symptoms, with higher effect sizes for posttraumatic cognitions and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Conclusion
We recommend using the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and PTCI-9, which are crucial tools for assessing and treating trauma-related disorders.
Memory and belief updating following complete and partial reminders of fake news
Authors: Kemp Paige L. , Sinclair Alyssa H. , Adcock R. Alison , Wahlheim Christopher N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFake news can have enduring effects on memory and beliefs. An ongoing theoretical debate has investigated whether corrections (fact-checks) should include reminders of fake news. The familiarity backfire account proposes that reminders hinder correction (increasing interference), whereas integration-based accounts argue that reminders facilitate correction (promoting memory integration). In three experiments, we examined how different types of corrections influenced memory for and belief in news headlines. In the exposure phase, participants viewed real and fake news headlines. In the correction phase, participants viewed reminders of fake news that either reiterated the false details (complete) or prompted recall of missing false details (partial); reminders were followed by fact-checked headlines correcting the false details. Both reminder types led to proactive interference in memory for corrected details, but complete reminders produced less interference than partial reminders (Experiment 1). However, when participants had fewer initial exposures to fake news and experienced a delay between exposure and correction, this effect was reversed; partial reminders led to proactive facilitation, enhancing correction (Experiment 2). This effect occurred regardless of the delay before correction (Experiment 3), suggesting that the effects of partial reminders depend on the number of prior fake news exposures. In all experiments, memory and perceived accuracy were better when fake news and corrections were recollected, implicating a critical role for integrative encoding. Overall, we show that when memories of fake news are weak or less accessible, partial reminders are more effective for correction; when memories of fake news are stronger or more accessible, complete reminders are preferable.
Historical and recent fire ecology on national wildlife refuges: a case study on Aransas National Wildlife Refuge
Authors: Golden Katherine E. , Hemingway Benjamin L. , Frazier Amy E. , Harrell Wade , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Davis Craig A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The southeastern United States consists of diverse ecosystems, many of which are fire-dependent. Fires were common during pre-European times, and many were anthropogenic in origin. Understanding how prescribed burning practices in use today compare to historic fire regimes can provide perspective and context on the role of fire in critical ecosystems. On the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), prescribed burning is conducted to prevent live oak (Quercus fusiformis) encroachment and preserve the openness of the herbaceous wetlands and grasslands for endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) and Aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis). This field note builds a digital fire atlas of recent prescribed burning on the refuge and compares it to the historical fire ecology of ANWR.

Results
Findings indicate that the refuge is maintaining fire-dependent ecosystems with an extensive burn program that includes a fire return interval between 2 and 10 years on a majority of the refuge, with some locations experiencing much longer intervals. These fire return intervals are much shorter than the historic burn regime according to LANDFIRE.

Conclusions
Following the fire return intervals projected by LANDFIRE, which project longer intervals than the prescribed fire program, would likely be detrimental to endangered species management by allowing increased woody plant encroachment and loss of open habitat important to whooping cranes and Aplomado falcons. Since prescribed fire is part of the management objectives on many national wildlife refuges in the United States, quantifying recent and historical fire ecology can provide useful insights into future management efforts, particularly in cases where endangered species are of special concern and management efforts may be counter to historical disturbance regimes.
Critical vulnerabilities of food selections based on nutrient content claims and reference amounts of food and creating a reliable procedure
Authors: Forouzesh Abed , Forouzesh Fatemeh , Samadi Foroushani Sadegh , Forouzesh Abolfazl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComputing the food component (nutrient) amount in 100 kilocalories, 100 grams or 100 milliliters, the reference amount customarily consumed (RACC), or 50 grams of food demonstrates the food component amount of some foods unsuitably. So, selecting some foods based on them may elevate the hazards of some chronic diseases. Computing the food component amount and assessing suitable levels of food components and the nutritional quality according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the suggested procedure were implemented on 8,596 food cases, 29 food components, and 25 food categories. Selecting some foods under the FDA and CAC to reach sufficient intakes of positive food components surpassed energy demands. Selecting some foods under the CAC did not satisfy the demands of positive food components. Some foods that satisfied the demands of positive food components were not suitable food selections under the CAC. Selecting some foods under the FDA or CAC surpassed the demands of negative food components (including cholesterol, energy, fat, saturated fat, and sodium). Some foods that did not surpass the demands of negative food components were not suitable food selections under the CAC or FDA. Due to the vulnerabilities of selecting foods on the basis of the reference amounts of food, fast foods under the CAC and FDA in serving size (the serving size or serving is obtained from the RACC), spices and herbs under the CAC in 100 grams or 100 milliliters, and vegetables and vegetable products under the CAC in 100 kilocalories obtained the highest average scores for nutritional quality based on positive food components (including vitamins, protein, dietary fiber, and minerals, excluding sodium) among food categories for children aged four years and older and adults.
Graphical Abstract
Brugada syndrome: a review and the role of epicardial ablation in management
Authors: Abuzuagaia Osama Jema , Abozguia Khalid , Darrat Yousef 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by cove-shaped ST-segment elevation in leads V1–V3 and incomplete or complete right bundle branch block. BrS exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and a male predominance. It carries a significant risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Main body
Recent studies have highlighted the presence of epicardial fibrosis as a proarrhythmic substrate in BrS, revolutionizing our understanding of the disease's pathophysiology. Catheter ablation has emerged as a crucial intervention for symptomatic BrS patients experiencing recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or VF. By potentially obviating the need for implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) implantation, epicardial ablation offers a promising therapeutic approach.

Conclusion
This review emphasizes the significance of current evidence and ongoing research in shaping the role of epicardial ablation as a curative strategy in BrS management, highlighting its potential benefits and the necessity for further investigation.
Crouching the tiger, or hiding the dragon? scale in China’s heritage production
Authors: Yu Yi , Wang June 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the built heritage studies, the intricate web of social and selective processes that define heritage is evident. These processes are, in many cases, intertwined with the notion of scale, examplified through the production of heritage sites at the local, national, and transnational scales. While heritage and geography scholars have articulated the role played by scale in heritage-making and argue against a rigid, fixed, and hierarchical understanding of scale, they highlight the constant reproduction of scale. There is, so far, limited explanation of how the perception of scale gets reproduced and how crucial actors manipulate scalar power and resources for heritage making and the reproduction of scale. To fill this gap, this paper delves into mainland China’s heritage-making, using the southern Anhui historical villages as an example. Based on intensive 5-month field research, this paper has three findings: 1) The nomination process for a World Heritage Site is notably influenced by politics and selectivity; 2) Diverse stakeholders are pivotal in shaping heritage narratives; 3) Individual contributions to heritage creation directly interact with, and subsequently reshape, ‘scale’, an entity that is simultaneously discursive and tangible. By integrating the notion of ‘scale’ into heritage discussions, we illuminate two concurrent processes: creating hierarchies through rule assimilation by interpreting the UNESCO standard internally and evolving socio-spatial dynamics via the manifestation of individual agency with resource manipulation, scale jumping, and reproduction of scale. This approach aligns with the material orientation in human geography and repositions ‘scale’. Here, it’s not just an epistemological framework but also a tangible force that steers individual perceptions and actions and yields measurable material impacts.
Characterization of Freezing Processes in Drug Substance Bottles by Ice Core Sampling
Authors: Peláez Sarah S. , Mahler Hanns-Christian , Vila Pau Rubirola , Huwyler Jörg , Allmendinger Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFreezing of biological drug substance (DS) is a critical unit operation that may impact product quality, potentially leading to protein aggregation and sub-visible particle formation. Cryo-concentration has been identified as a critical parameter to impact protein stability during freezing and should therefore be minimized. The macroscopic cryo-concentration, in the following only referred to as cryo-concentration, is majorly influenced by the freezing rate, which is in turn impacted by product independent process parameters such as the DS container, its size and fill level, and the freezing equipment. (At-scale) process characterization studies are crucial to understand and optimize freezing processes. However, evaluating cryo-concentration requires sampling of the frozen bulk, which is typically performed by cutting the ice block into pieces for subsequent analysis. Also, the large amount of product requirement for these studies is a major limitation. In this study, we report the development of a simple methodology for experimental characterization of frozen DS in bottles at relevant scale using a surrogate solution. The novel ice core sampling technique identifies the axial ice core in the center to be indicative for cryo-concentration, which was measured by osmolality, and concentrations of histidine and polysorbate 80 (PS80), whereas osmolality revealed to be a sensitive read-out. Finally, we exemplify the suitability of the method to study cryo-concentration in DS bottles by comparing cryo-concentrations from different freezing protocols (-80°C vs -40°C). Prolonged stress times during freezing correlated to a higher extent of cryo-concentration quantified by osmolality in the axial center of a 2 L DS bottle.
Graphical Abstract
Beyond Stages: Predicting Individual Time Dependent Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pribitzer Stephan , O’Rourke Colin , Ylescupidez Alyssa , Smithmyer Megan , Bender Christine , Speake Cate , Lord Sandra , Greenbaum Carla J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Essentially all individuals with multiple autoantibodies will develop clinical type 1 diabetes. Multiple autoantibodies (AABs) and normal glucose tolerance define stage 1 diabetes; abnormal glucose tolerance defines stage 2. However, the rate of progression within these stages is heterogeneous, necessitating personalized risk calculators to improve clinical implementation.

Methods
We developed 3 models using TrialNet's Pathway to Prevention data to accommodate the reality that not all risk variables are clinically available. The small model included AAB status, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and age, while the medium and large models added predictors of disease progression measured via oral glucose tolerance testing.

Findings
All models markedly improved granularity regarding personalized risk missing from current categories of stages of type 1 diabetes. Model-derived risk calculations are consistent with the expected reduction of risk with increasing age and increase in risk with higher glucose and lower insulin secretion, illustrating the suitability of the models. Adding glucose and insulin secretion data altered model predicted probabilities within stages. In those with high 2-hour glucose, a high C-peptide markedly decreased predicted risk; a lower C-peptide obviated the age-dependent risk of 2-hour glucose alone, providing a more nuanced estimate of the rate of disease progression within stage 2.

Conclusion
While essentially all those with multiple AABs will develop type 1 diabetes, the rate of progression is heterogeneous and not explained by any individual single risk variable. The model-based probabilities developed here provide an adaptable personalized risk calculator to better inform decisions about how and when to monitor disease progression in clinical practice.