bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution à la réflexion théorique sur la mobilité spatiale des populations
Authors: Thumerelle Pierre-Jean 
Published: November 2011

Theoretical reflections on migrations and the spatial mobility of populations.
Only a theoretical reflection allows us to conceptualize and to survey the interrelationships, the covariations, and the retroactions in their social, temporal and spatial links. It becomes more and more necessary to formulate a theory which would convey the complexity of our field of investigation.
The splitting of systems into sub-systems allows us to solve the problems we face when working on different geographic and demographic scales (e.g. social and temporal scales) and to establish some kind of correlation between micro and macro-scale studies, which otherwise remain incompatible.
Demogeographers are partial to the field concerning the spatial mobility of individuals, whereas demographers do not find any satisfactory theoretical model for it. This field of study can provide us with the means to define many a system. Spatial mobility is already in itself a very complex system of moves (commuting links, intra-urban migrations, out-migrations etc.) seperately organized into no hierarchy (flux, migratory spheres), intricate sub-systems within the management system of society. The demographic components, the individual behaviours, the spatial distribution and the social structures are some of these sub-systems. The different structures and internal dynamics of each subsystem as well as their retro-active effects determine the spatial mobility of populations which creates new balances but also new tensions and pertubations.
One should not substitute an intellectual speculation to the understanding and description of reality. The internal consistency of the system and its apparent logic should be preferred to the probing into empirical studies.
Une famille de modèles spatiaux et leur application à la matrice des migrants interdépartementaux français pour la période 1968-1975
Authors: Pumain Denise , Poulain Michel 
Published: November 2011

A family of spatial models applied to the 1968-75 migration matrix of the french "departements".
A family of models is proposed for the analysis of tables showing migration flows between geographical subdivisions. The aim is to use them as a filter, in order to remove, in observed migration flows, the part which is due to variations in size of populations and in geographical configurations (distance, compactness, contiguity) of every couple of zones being considered. The example of migrants having been exchanged between 94 french departments from 1968 to 1975 is given to show the efficiency of those models. The quality of adjustement is very good and the residuals can easily be interpreted in terms of regional variations in mobility behaviours.
Urban Change and Policy responses in Britain
Authors: Robson Brian 
Published: November 2011

L'évolution des villes et la politique urbaine en Grande-Bretagne.

Les grandes villes britanniques ont connu un déclin important en termes de population, d'emplois et de revenus depuis les années cinquante. Face à cette évolution, l'article cherche à répondre à trois questions.
Ce processus de déclin urbain est-il naturel dans le cadre de l'économie de marché, ou est-ce-que les politiques urbaines y ont joué un rôle - que celui-ci soit conscient ou non ? Les secteurs publics et privés sont-ils capables de transformer cette évolution, plus particulièrement dans le domaine du marché du logement, étant donné le contexte de crise économique ? Ces différentes stratégies urbaines ont-elles renforcé les disparités sociales et spatiales dans les grandes villes ? Pour répondre à la dernière question, des données détaillées des recensements de 1971 et 1981 pour le Grand Manchester sont analysées.
Le don, principe actif de la parole thérapeutique ?
Authors: Blondiaux Isabelle 
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’interrogation du principe actif de la parole thérapeutique impose de revenir aux approches antiques du discours comme puissance vivante et ambivalente. Le discours, logos-zôon-pharmakon , vivant sauvage que Gorgias se propose de réduire à la raison, témoigne chez le sophiste de la structure divisée du langage, tandis qu’il devient pour Socrate un organisme engendré et, à ce titre, inscrit dans une filiation qui permet de remonter du logos vers son père, le noûs , vers ce qui ne pouvant se dire n’en est pas moins à l’origine de ce qui peut être dit. Si le logos-zôon-pharmakon du sophiste est aussi cet outil à manipuler en belle manière, qu’on trouve au fondement des thérapies basées sur la suggestion et la persuasion, celui de Socrate s’apparente à un philtre, une parole-molécule que son inscription dans une filiation impose de repenser à la lumière du don, cette autre puissance vivante et ambivalente, manifeste dans le lien à l’autre. Dès lors, il devient possible d’analyser le principe actif de la parole à partir de ses rapports avec les dimensions du don ontique, le « transporté », dans la parole-don/ pharmakon et du don non ontique, le « transporteur », dans le transfert, d’autant que par la référence au daïmon et à la mania érotique, le discours socratique se voit ajouter la connotation de parole qui transporte, arrache à soi-même. Modalité d’accès à la connaissance, le transfert apparaît ainsi comme cette modalité non ontique du don qui rend possible l’actualisation de la dimension de don ontique du discours, plus précisément, de la portée prophétique et dialectique de toute parole-don/ pharmakon, dont le conte de Perrault, La Belle au bois dormant , nous offre un cas-type.
Pour la défense d'une psychiatrie moderne
Authors: Nachin Claude 
Published: November 2011

Résumé De l’Antiquité à nos jours, la conduite de l’humanité à l’égard de la folie est le témoin de son souci d’elle-même. Dans les époques de progrès social marquées par la solidarité, on s’intéresse positivement à la folie et on croit à sa curabilité (Révolution française, Front populaire, Libération, 1968), tandis que les périodes de régression sociale et d’individualisme (chacun pour soi, Dieu pour tous) sont marquées par le désintérêt pour la folie et par le mauvais traitement de ceux qui en sont victimes, volontiers assimilés aux délinquants. Les religions chrétiennes étaient partagées entre le devoir de charité et la tendance à châtier les « péchés » supposés des malades (cachots, travaux forcés, récompenses et sanctions alimentaires). Après la mort de famine ou l’exécution de dizaines de milliers de malades pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la paix, avec le concours de la psychanalyse, du marxisme, du christianisme social et de la pédagogie moderne, a vu le développement de la psychothérapie institutionnelle et de la psychiatrie de secteur : deux outils précieux menacés de destruction dans la période de régression sociale actuelle. Résistants, indignés, levez-vous !
E-learning as a Key for Regional Integration through Countries of MERCOSUR
Authors: Silvestri Mónica María 
Published: November 2011

The Center of training for regional integration (CEFIR, in Spanish) was founded more than 20 years with the firm intention to dedicate efforts on issues of regional integration in the four countries of MERCOSUR.
Since 2008 has promoted the creation of a platform for e-learning and delivered some courses in blended learning and e-learning mode, for training in regional integration issues.
E-learning has become a transversal theme in the organization and became an efficient instrument for promoting regional integration of the 4 countries of the brick. The heterogeneity of countries, cultures and even languages raised a number of challenges when implementing the e-learning strategy.
A Novel Bacterial Resistance Mechanism against Human Group IIA-Secreted Phospholipase A2: Role of Streptococcus pyogenes Sortase A
Authors: Movert Elin , Wu Yongzheng , Lambeau Gérard , Touqui Lhousseine , Areschoug Thomas 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Human group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) is a bactericidal molecule important for the innate immune defense against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we analyzed its role in the host defense against Streptococcus pyogenes, a major human pathogen, and demonstrated that this bacterium has evolved a previously unidentified mechanism to resist killing by sPLA2-IIA. Analysis of a set of clinical isolates demonstrated that an ∼500-fold higher concentration of sPLA2-IIA was required to kill S. pyogenes compared with strains of the group B Streptococcus, which previously were shown to be sensitive to sPLA2-IIA, indicating that S. pyogenes exhibits a high degree of resistance to sPLA2-IIA. We found that an S. pyogenes mutant lacking sortase A, a transpeptidase responsible for anchoring LPXTG proteins to the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria, was significantly more sensitive (∼30-fold) to sPLA2-IIA compared with the parental strain, indicating that one or more LPXTG surface proteins protect S. pyogenes against sPLA2-IIA. Importantly, using transgenic mice expressing human sPLA2-IIA, we showed that the sortase A-mediated sPLA2-IIA resistance mechanism in S. pyogenes also occurs in vivo. Moreover, in this mouse model, we also showed that human sPLA2-IIA is important for the defense against lethal S. pyogenes infection. Thus, we demonstrated a novel mechanism by which a pathogenic bacterium can evade the bactericidal action of sPLA2-IIA and we showed that sPLA2-IIA contributes to the host defense against S. pyogenes infection.
SOCS3 Deletion in B Cells Alters Cytokine Responses and Germinal Center Output
Authors: Jones Sarah A. , White Christine A. , Robb Lorraine , Alexander Warren S. , Tarlinton David M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
B cell behavior is fine-tuned by internal regulatory mechanisms and external cues such as cytokines and chemokines. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a key regulator of STAT3-dependent cytokine responses in many cell types and has been reported to inhibit CXCL12-induced retention of immature B cells in the bone marrow. Using mice with SOCS3 exclusively deleted in the B cell lineage (Socs3Δ/Δmb1cre+), we analyzed the role of SOCS3 in the response of these cells to CXCL12 and the STAT3-inducing cytokines IL-6 and IL-21. Our findings refute a B cell-intrinsic role for SOCS3 in B cell development, because SOCS3 deletion in the B lineage did not affect B cell populations in naive mice. SOCS3 was strongly induced in B cells stimulated with IL-21 and in plasma cells exposed to IL-6. Its deletion permitted excessive and prolonged STAT3 signaling following IL-6 stimulation of plasma cells and, in a T cell-dependent immunization model, reduced the number of germinal center B cells formed and altered the production of Ag-specific IgM and IgE. These data demonstrate a novel regulatory signal transduction circuit in plasma cells, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of how these long-lived, sessile cells respond to the external signals that mediate their longevity.
Extension du domaine de la conversation : discours de marque et publicitarité
Authors: Berthelot-Guiet Karine 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Karine Berthelot-Guiet met en perspective la prolifération de discours sur la conversation dans le champ de la communication marchande et la tendance des marques à exploiter des formes de communication moins ouvertement publicitaires. Elle interprète le phénomène comme métadiscursif (la conversation comme nouvel avatar d’une publicité devenue inavouable) et montre que l’imaginaire d’horizontalité de la conversation (prétendument symétrique et non hiérarchique) ne résiste pas à l’examen de la notion telle qu’elle est développée par les linguistes. Son analyse met en évidence le caractère pseudo-scientifique des « contrats de conversation » et amène à réinterroger les formes communicationnelles des marques : à l’heure où ces dernières se démarquent de la « publicité », ce sont les contours de la « publicitarité » qu’il s’agit de discerner.
On‐Line Electrochemical/LC‐MSTechniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites
Authors: Gamache Paul H. , Acworth Ian N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOxidation is an important aspect of drug metabolism and in the formation of reactive, and potentially toxic, species. Whilein vitroandin vivobiological systems provide essential information in drug metabolism studies, significant challenges remain in the identification, structural elucidation, and quantification of drug metabolites at key stages of drug development. This chapter provides an overview of the practical use of electrochemistry (EC) in combination with mass spectrometry (MS), which has recently shown increased adoption within the pharmaceutical industry. Coulometric EC flow cells are shown to provide significant flexibility and simplicity in experimental design to facilitate a variety of studies. The described EC‐MS techniques include the use of EC flow cells in series with MS to oxidatively produce species that often correspond to biological metabolites and reactive species. Advantages of these purely instrumental techniques include the ability to rapidly screen oxidative reactions, to study reactive species where nonspecific binding may prevent detection in biological systems, and to allow synthesis of metabolites in quantities sufficient for structural elucidation or use as quantitative standards. Furthermore, the use of EC array as a parallel detector with MS is described as a highly complementary approach in metabolite profiling and metabolomic studies.
Design of Novel Dielectric Surface Modifications for Perylene Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Effertz Christian , Lahme Stefan , Schulz Philip , Segger Ingolf , Wuttig Matthias , Classen Arno , Bolm Carsten 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDielectric surface modifications (DSMs) can improve the performance of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) significantly. In order to gain a deeper understanding of this performance enhancement and to facilitate high‐mobility transistors, perylene based devices utilizing novel dielectric surface modifications have been produced. Novel DSMs, based on derivates of tridecyltrichlorosilane (TTS) with different functional end‐groups as well as polymeric dielectrics have been applied to tailor the adhesion energy of perylene. The resulting samples were characterized by electronic transport measurements, scanning probe microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Measurements of the surface free energy of the modified dielectric enabled the calculation of the adhesion energy of perylene upon these novel DSMs by the equation‐of‐state approach. These calculations demonstrate the successful tailoring of the adhesion energy. With these novel DSMs, perylene thin‐films with a superior film quality were produced, which enabled high‐performance perylene‐based OTFTs with high charge‐carrier mobility.
Ten years' experience with needle biopsy in the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis
Authors: Gong Yao , Zheng Nan , Chen Su‐Biao , Xiao Zheng‐Yu , Wu Ming‐Yao , Liu Yuan , Zeng Qing‐Yu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of early sacroiliitis to improve the diagnostic level and outcome of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsOne hundred nine patients in whom early AS was highly suspected, but in whom only sacroiliitis of grade I or lower on radiography/computed tomography (CT) was seen, were recruited for study. CT‐guided needle biopsy of the sacroiliac joints was performed, and the patients were followed up for 5–10 years.ResultsOf the 109 patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm the presence or absence of sacroiliitis in 77 patients. Of these, 23 patients were determined to have sacroiliitis on MRI, and 54 had no sacroiliitis on MRI. Needle biopsy was performed on all 109 patients. Features of inflammation were found in 85 patients, which included all 23 patients with MRI evidence of sacroiliitis and 38 of the 54 patients without MRI evidence of sacroiliitis. No features of inflammation were found on needle biopsy in 24 of the patients, including the remaining 16 patients who did not have sacroiliitis on MRI. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis in these patients were 37.7% and 100%, respectively. Thirty‐four patients with pathologic evidence of sacroiliitis were followed up for 5–10 years. At the study end point, 16 of these 34 patients continued to show grade I or lower changes on CT, and 18 had changes of grade II or higher. These 18 patients included 7 of the 8 patients with evidence of sacroiliitis on MRI and 6 of the 20 patients confirmed not to have MRI evidence of sacroiliitis at baseline.ConclusionMRI, though of low sensitivity, is specific for the diagnosis of early sacroiliitis. Sacroiliitis can be detected earlier by needle biopsy than by MRI.
Acute‐phase serum amyloid A regulates tumor necrosis factor α and matrix turnover and predicts disease progression in patients with inflammatory arthritis before and after biologic therapy
Authors: Connolly Mary , Mullan Ronan H. , Mccormick Jennifer , Matthews Clare , Sullivan Owen , Kennedy Aisling , FitzGerald Oliver , Poole A. Robin , Bresnihan Barry , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between acute‐phase serum amyloid A (A‐SAA) and joint destruction in inflammatory arthritis.MethodsSerum A‐SAA and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and type I and type II collagen–generated biomarkers C2C and C1,2C were measured at 0–3 months in patients with inflammatory arthritis commencing anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti‐TNFα) therapy and were correlated with 1‐year radiographic progression. The effects of A‐SAA on MMP/TIMP expression on RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), primary human chondrocytes, and RA/psoriatic arthritis synovial explant cultures were assessed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, antibody protein arrays, and gelatin zymography.ResultsSerum A‐SAA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with MMP‐3, the MMP‐3:TIMP‐1 ratio, C1,2C, C2C, and VEGF. The baseline A‐SAA level but not the ESR or the CRP level correlated with the 28‐joint swollen joint count and was independently associated with 1‐year radiographic progression (P = 0.038). A‐SAA increased MMP‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐13, and MMP/TIMP expression in RA FLS and synovial explants (P < 0.05). In chondrocytes, A‐SAA induced MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13 messenger RNA and protein expression (all P < 0.01), resulting in a significant shift in MMP:TIMP ratios (P < 0.05). Gelatin zymography revealed that A‐SAA induced MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity. Blockade of the A‐SAA receptor SR‐B1 (A‐SAA receptor scavenger receptor‐class B type 1) inhibited MMP‐3, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expression in synovial explant cultures ex vivo. Importantly, we demonstrated that A‐SAA has the ability to induce TNFα expression in RA synovial explant cultures (P < 0.05).ConclusionA‐SAA may be involved in joint destruction though MMP induction and collagen cleavage in vivo. The ability of A‐SAA to regulate TNFα suggests that A‐SAA signaling pathways may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisited Synthesis of Aryl‐H‐phosphinates.
Authors: Volle Jean‐Noel , Filippini Damien , Midrier Camille , Sobecki Michal , Drag Marcin , Virieux David , Pirat Jean‐Luc 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPreviously reported conditions for the synthesis of (IIIa) are optimized concerning the intermediate phosphonite formation [0.2 M final concentration with respect to P(O‐Et)3] and for the hydrolysis step.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Sialyl Tn‐Antigens and Derivatives.
Authors: Ding Li , Yu Hai , Lau Kam , Li Yanhong , Muthana Saddam , Wang Junru , Chen Xi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractN‐terminal and C‐terminal truncated recombinant α2↔6‐sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Furaquinocins I and J: Novel Polyketide Isoprenoid Hybrid Compounds from Streptomyces Reveromyceticus SN‐593.
Authors: Panthee Suresh , Takahashi Shunji , Takagi Hiroshi , Nogawa Toshihiko , Oowada Eri , Uramoto Masakazu , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTitle compounds (I) are isolated using an enhanced procedure, and their biosynthesis is discussed.
A novel flow cytometric protocol for assessment of yeast cell adhesion
Authors: Silva‐Dias A. , Miranda I. M. , Rocha R. , Monteiro‐Soares M. , Salvador A. , Rodrigues A. G. , Pina‐Vaz C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMicrobial adhesion is a field of recognized relevance and, as such, an impressive array of tools has been developed to understand its molecular mechanisms and ultimately for its quantification. Some of the major limitations found within these methodologies concern the incubation time, the small number of cells analyzed, and the operator's subjectivity. To overcome these aspects, we have developed a quantitative method to measure yeast cells' adhesion through flow cytometry. In this methodology, a suspension of yeast cells is mixed with green fluorescent polystyrene microspheres (uncoated or coated with host proteins). Within 2 h, an adhesion profile is obtained based on two parameters: percentage and cells‐microsphere population's distribution pattern. This flow cytometry protocol represents a useful tool to quantify yeast adhesion to different substrata in a large scale, providing manifold data in a speedy and informative manner. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An overview of using directional antennas in wireless networks
Authors: Dai Hong‐Ning , Ng Kam‐Wing , Li Minglu , Wu Min‐You 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYCompared with omni‐directional antennas, directional antennas have many merits, such as lower interference, better spatial reuse, longer transmission range, and improved network capacity. Directional antennas enable numerous emerging outdoor and indoor applications, which have been addressed in many recent studies. Despite the advances in wireless networks with directional antennas (DAWNs), there are many research challenges in all layers of DAWNs. This paper presents a detailed study on recent advances and open research issues on DAWNs. Firstly, we briefly introduce the classification of directional antennas, antenna radiation patterns, antenna modes, and the challenges in the physical layer of DAWNs. We then present research issues on the medium access control (MAC) layer, followed by the current solutions as well as open research problems on the MAC layer of DAWNs. In addition, we also discuss the research issues on the routing layer and the transport layer. Moreover, other research challenges on the performance evaluation of DAWNs and a brief introduction of indoor DAWNs are given in this paper as well. In conclusion, we summarize the current research issues on DAWNs as well as prospects in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.