bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptom Recognition in Elders With Heart Failure
Authors: Riegel Barbara , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Cameron Janette , Johnson Jerry C. , Bunker Stephen , Page Karen , Worrall‐Carter Linda 
Published: March 2010

Abstract Purpose: Aging is associated with losses in hearing and vision. The objective of this study was to assess whether aging also is associated with less ability to detect and interpret afferent physiological information. Design: A cross‐sectional mixed methods study was conducted with 29 persons with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic heart failure of at least 6 months duration. The sample was divided at the median to compare younger (<73 years) versus older (≥73 years) patients in the ability to detect and interpret their heart failure symptoms. Methods: Shortness of breath was stimulated using a 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) and used to assess the ability of heart failure patients to detect shortness of breath using the Borg measure of perceived exertion compared with gold standard ratings of each person's shortness of breath by trained registered nurse research assistants (inter‐rater congruence 0.91). Accuracy of ratings by older patients was compared with those of younger patients. In‐depth interviews were used to assess symptom interpretation ability. Findings: Integrated quantitative and qualitative data confirmed that older patients had more difficulty in detecting and interpreting shortness of breath than younger patients. Older patients were twice as likely as younger to report a different level of shortness of breath than that noted by the registered nurse research assistants immediately after the 6MWT. Conclusions: These results support our theory of an age‐related decline in the ability to attend to internal physical symptoms. This decline may be a cause of poor early symptom detection. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study suggest that there is a need to develop interventions that focus on the symptom experience to help patients—particularly older ones—in somatic awareness and symptom interpretation. It may be useful to explore patients’ statements about how they feel: “Compared to what? How do you feel today compared to yesterday?”
Diagnostic Accuracy of a New Instrument for Detecting Cognitive Dysfunction in an Emergent Psychiatric Population: The Brief Cognitive Screen
Authors: Cercy Steven P. , Simakhodskaya Zoya , Elliott Aaron 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:  In certain clinical contexts, the sensitivity of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) is limited. The authors developed a new cognitive screening instrument, the Brief Cognitive Screen (BCS), with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy for cognitive dysfunction in the psychiatric emergency department (ED) in a quick and convenient format.Methods:  The BCS, consisting of the Oral Trail Making Test (OTMT), animal fluency, the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the MMSE, was administered to 32 patients presenting with emergent psychiatric conditions. Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation served as the criterion standard for determining cognitive dysfunction. Diagnostic accuracy of the MMSE was determined using the traditional clinical cutoff and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Diagnostic accuracy of individual BCS components and BCS Summary Scores was determined by ROC analyses.Results:  At the traditional clinical cutoff, MMSE sensitivity (46.4%) and total diagnostic accuracy (53.1%) were inadequate. Under ROC analyses, the diagnostic accuracy of the full BCS Summary Score (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.857) was comparable to the MMSE (AUC = 0.828). However, a reduced BCS Summary Score consisting of OTMT Part B (OTMT–B), animal fluency, and the CDT yielded classification accuracy (AUC = 0.946) that was superior to the MMSE.Conclusions:  Preliminary findings suggest the BCS is an effective, convenient alternative cognitive screening instrument for use in emergent psychiatric populations.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:307–315 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
‘My Euell Hande’: The Shapes of Women’s Letters in Early Modern England
Authors: Mazzola Elizabeth 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis essay considers a recent shift in scholarship on early modern women writers, away from studying what these women wrote to investigate how and where women’s writings occurred. A critical focus on letters inscribed on whitewashed walls and funeral monuments, jewels and embroidered cloths, for instance, has supplied us with useful information about women’s schooling and teachers, their gift‐giving and household responsibilities, and scholars have demonstrated how poems and prayers also belong to this women’s circulation of material things. Indeed, early modern women were not always seeking to transform their letters into literature, and this essay also briefly suggests other ways of reading the shapes and designs of women’s letters. What Mercie Collyn describes as her ‘small raggid secretary hand’ is designed to throw off unauthorized readers, so that what looks like illiteracy, in other words, might just be another – and equally valuable – form of writing. Continued discussion of female literacy and female schooling in the early modern period should attend more closely to the many marks on cloths and walls – even the flourishes on Elizabeth Tudor’s signature or alphabets adorning embroidered samplers – as evidence of an alternative use of letters by women in the early modern period.
Teaching Eighteenth‐Century Women Writers
Authors: Runge Laura 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough the availability of classroom texts and scholarship on 18th century British women writers has grown substantially in the past 20 years, little has been written about the classroom experience. This essay surveys the questions and materials that shape the teaching of female authors from Behn to Barbauld (roughly 1660–1800). Beginning with the arguments on recovery and esthetic or cultural appreciation, the essay reviews available texts (paper and digital sources), organization and methods of teaching, and further resources for the instructor. Throughout, the essay includes strategies for recursive critical reading and achieving general education learning objectives, thus demonstrating how the classroom can be used as a critical space for feminist recovery of early women writers.
Nursing intervention to enhance acceptance of pregnancy in first‐time mothers: Focusing on the comfortable experiences of pregnant women
Authors: NAKAMURA Yasuka 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of the present study was to describe effective nursing care through evaluation of a nursing intervention that enhanced acceptance of pregnancy and focused on a comfortable experience for pregnant women.Methods:  Thirty‐two subjects who were expected to have a normal pregnancy were assigned into either the intervention or the control group. The nursing intervention consisted of the use of a pregnancy diary and four interviews, two of which were held in the first trimester, one in the second and one in the third trimester. The nursing care given was recorded in tapes and field notes. The data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method.Results:  As a result of analyzing the nursing care of 13 women pregnant for the first time who were provided with nursing intervention, the following seven categories of nursing care were extracted for the intervention: encouragement of women to record their experiences using a pregnancy diary; recognizing and acknowledging negative feelings; reducing the negative aspects of pregnancy and reframing; expression and reinforcement of positive feelings; clarification and reinforcement of positive meanings; awareness of own comfortable experiences; promotion of diverse comfortable aspects and continuation of comfortable experiences. The seven nursing care interventions were effective in increasing the comfortable experiences of pregnant women and enhancing a positive attitude towards pregnancy.Conclusions:  Nursing intervention can aid in enhancing positivity and comfort in pregnant women. Furthermore, this nursing intervention can be applied to adolescents, socially disadvantaged pregnant women, and hospitalized women.
Successful eradication of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and house mouse (Mus musculus) from the island of Selvagem Grande (Macaronesian archipelago), in the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: OLIVERA Paulo , MENEZES Dilia , TROUT Roger , BUCKLE Alan , GERALDES Pedro , JESUS José 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Portuguese island of Selvagem Grande (Great Salvage) in Macaronesia is an important seabird breeding station in the eastern Atlantic. Significant populations of Cory's shearwaterCalonectris diomedea(Scopoli, 1769), Bulwer's petrelBulweria bulweria(Jardine & Selby, 1828) and little shearwaterPuffinus assimilis baroli(Bonaparte, 1857) are present, and white‐faced storm‐petrelPelagodroma marina(Latham, 1790) and Madeiran storm‐petrelOceanodroma castro(Harcourt, 1851) populations are of global significance. Selvagem Grande also provides diverse habitats for an extensive flora, including 11 endemic species. The 270‐ha island was also inhabited by two alien invasive mammals: the European rabbitOryctolagus cuniculus(Linnaeus, 1758) and the house mouseMus musculus(Linnaeus, 1758). Both are known to have had adverse impacts on breeding seabirds and island vegetation. In 2002, the Natural Park of Madeira conducted a program using brodifacoum bait formulations aimed at rabbit and mouse eradication. Approximately 17 000 individual baiting points were established on a 12.5 × 12.5 m grid. Baits were also applied by hand “seeding” on steep slopes and cliffs where bait stations could not be placed. Rabbits were removed after a month. However, mice persisted for considerably longer and strategic bait applications against them continued for a further six months. Subsequent assessments by trapping, bait takes and systematic observation of signs over three years, has confirmed the removal of both alien invasive species. This paper presents information on these operations, on measures adopted to mitigate adverse impacts of the eradication program on important vertebrate non‐target species, including Berthelot's pipitAnthus berthelotiiBolle, 1862 and a species of geckoTarentola bischoffiJoger, 1984 and on the initial response of the island's ecosystem to the eradication of rabbits and mice.
Dependency Parsing
Authors: Nivre Joakim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDependency parsing is a form of syntactic parsing of natural language based on the theoretical tradition of dependency grammar. It has recently gained widespread interest in the computational linguistics community and has been used for applications such as information extraction, machine translation and question answering. In this article, we review the current state of the art in dependency parsing, starting with a characterization of the basic problem and some motivation for why dependency parsing may be a useful alternative to other forms of syntactic parsing. The major part of the article is devoted to an examination of the four main approaches that exist in the field today: context‐free dependency parsing, constraint dependency parsing, graph‐based dependency parsing, and transition‐based dependency parsing. Each approach is described in detail and its strengths and weaknesses are highlighted.
La ratification des conventions de l'OIT et les prestations de chômage: analyse empirique
Authors: Kim Wonik 
Published: March 2010

RésuméLe présent article porte sur le rapport entre la ratification des conventions de l'Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) et l'octroi de prestations de chômage. Les analyses statistiques sont axées sur deux questions connexes: les raisons pour lesquelles les pays ratifiaient les conventions de l'OIT sur les prestations de chômage, et l'influence ou non de la ratification sur les dépenses publiques consacrées à ces prestations. Les principales conclusions sont les suivantes: la démocratie, la région, les revenus et la mondialisation sont les principaux facteurs qui influent sur la décision des pays de ratifier les conventions de l'OIT sur les prestations de chômage. A son tour, la ratification de ces conventions est systématiquement associée à des dépenses supérieures lorsque les pays ont ratifié plus de deux conventions.
Extensión de la cobertura de la seguridad social: examen de datos recientes
Authors: Van Ginneken Wouter 
Published: March 2010

ResumenEn el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de 13 estudios realizados en el marco del proyecto de la Asociación Internacional de la Seguridad Social (AISS) sobre el «Examen de los conocimientos actuales en materia de cobertura de seguridad social». Se examinan datos recientes que muestran cómo la cobertura de las prestaciones monetarias y de los cuidados de salud, financiada a partir de cotizaciones, de ingresos fiscales o de ambos, puede extenderse y mantenerse en los países de bajos, medios y altos ingresos. En este artículo también se destacan algunos ámbitos prioritarios y cuestiones relacionadas con la extensión de la cobertura, incluida la mejora de la protección de los trabajadores migrantes y de los de la economía informal.
CVhaplot: a consensus tool for statistical haplotyping
Authors: HUANG ZU‐SHI , ZHANG DE‐XING 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHaplotypes contain genealogical information and play a prominent part in population genetic and evolutionary studies. However, haplotype inference is a complex statistical problem, showing considerable internal algorithm variability and among‐algorithm discordance. Thus, haplotypes inferred by statistical algorithms often contain hidden uncertainties, which may complicate and even mislead downstream analysis. Consensus strategy is one of the effective means to increase the confidence of inferred haplotypes. Here, we present a consensus tool, the CVhaplot package, to automate consensus techniques for haplotype inference. It generates consensus haplotypes from inferrals of competing algorithms to increase the confidence of haplotype inference results, while improving the performance of individual algorithms by considering their internal variability. It can effectively identify uncertain haplotypes potentially associated with inference errors. In addition, this tool allows file format conversion for several popular algorithms and extends the applicability of some algorithms to complex data containing triallelic polymorphic sites. CVhaplot is written in PERL and freely available at http://www.ioz.ac.cn/department/agripest/group/zhangdx/CVhaplot.htm.
A quantitative review comparing the yield of switchgrass in monocultures and mixtures in relation to climate and management factors
Authors: WANG DAN , LEBAUER DAVID S. , DIETZE MICHAEL C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a US Department of Energy model species, is widely considered for US biomass energy production. While previous studies have demonstrated the effect of climate and management factors on biomass yield and chemical characteristics of switchgrass monocultures, information is lacking on the yield of switchgrass grown in combination with other species for biomass energy. Therefore, the objective of this quantitative review is to compare the effect of climate and management factors on the yield of switchgrass monocultures, as well as on mixtures of switchgrass, and other species. We examined all peer‐reviewed articles describing productivity of switchgrass and extracted dry matter yields, stand age, nitrogen fertilization (N), temperature (growing degree days), and precipitation/irrigation. Switchgrass yield was greater when grown in monocultures (10.9 t ha−1, n=324) than when grown in mixtures (4.4 t ha−1, n=85); yield in monocultures was also greater than the total yield of all species in the mixtures (6.9 t ha−1, n=90). The presence of legume species in mixtures increased switchgrass yield from 3.1 t ha−1 (n=65) to 8.9 t ha−1 (n=20). Total yield of switchgrass‐dominated mixtures with legumes reached 9.9 t ha−1 (n=25), which was not significantly different from the monoculture yield. The results demonstrated the potential of switchgrass for use as a biomass energy crop in both monocultures and mixtures across a wide geographic range. Monocultures, but not mixtures, showed a significant positive response to N and precipitation. The response to N for monocultures was consistent for newly established (stand age <3 years) and mature stands (stand age ≥3 years) and for lowland and upland ecotypes. In conclusion, these results suggest that fertilization with N will increase yield in monocultures, but not mixtures. For monocultures, N treatment need not be changed based on ecotype and stand age; and for mixtures, legumes should be included as an alternative N source.
Identifying targets for autoantibodies in CNS inflammation: Strategies and achievements
Authors: Meinl Edgar , Derfuss Tobias , Linington Chris 
Published: March 2010

AbstractB cells and antibodies are increasingly recognized as an important feature in a broad variety of autoimmune and infectious central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, paraneoplastic diseases, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, Sydenham chorea, stiff‐person syndrome and channelopathies. Autoantibodies might serve as a biomarker to identify the disease entity. Beyond this, autoantibodies can be a relevant pathogenic component. The present review focuses on strategies applied to identify the targets of autoantibodies and to test their pathogenetic relevance. The pathways of autoantibodies into and out of the CNS are summarized and the issue whether pathogenicity requires recognition of an extracellular target is discussed. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759‐1961.2009.00006.x, 2010)
Moral and Nonmoral Freedom in Kant
Authors: Morrisson Iain 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMany scholars, in view of the close link that he draws between morality and freedom, argue that Kant does not think that there are free choices between nonmoral ends. On this view, Kant only posits a freedom to resist our desires and act morally. We are still responsible for immoral choices because we always have the power to act morally. Henry Allison has opposed this reading by arguing that Kant grounds a notion of nonmoral freedom in the Incorporation Thesis. In this paper, I criticize Allison's argument and then try to replace it with an alternative that grounds nonmoral freedom in morality.
Psychological Nominalism and the Plausibility of Sellars's Myth of Jones
Authors: Schiller Aaron Allen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPart of Sellars's general attack on the Myth of the Given is his endorsement of psychological nominalism, a view that implies that awareness of our own mental states is not given but must be earned. Sellars provides an account of how such awareness might have been earned with the Myth of Jones. Such an account is important for Sellars, for without it the Given can look necessary after all. But a problem with such accounts is that they can look extremely implausible. Sellars himself seems unconcerned to make his account plausible, and so others have stepped in here. But, I argue, they have done so in ways that fail to respect his psychological nominalism. This evinces, as well as reinforces, a lack of sensitivity to the scope of Sellars's attack on the Given, the aim of which is the dismantling of “the entire framework of givenness.” In this essay, I show how one can make Sellars's Myth of Jones plausible, while still respecting his psychological nominalism, by seeing how Jones's thought is governed by the norms of rationality as interpretability.
Classical Invariantism and the Puzzle of Fallibilism
Authors: Kelp Christoph 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper revisits a puzzle that arises for theories of knowledge according to which one can know on the basis of merely inductive grounds. No matter how strong such theories require inductive grounds to be if a belief based on them is to qualify as knowledge, there are certain beliefs (namely, about the outcome of fair lotteries) that are based on even stronger inductive grounds, while, intuitively, they do not qualify as knowledge. This paper discusses what is often regarded as the most promising classical invariantist solution to the puzzle, namely, that beliefs about the outcomes of fair lotteries do not qualify as knowledge because they are too lucky to do so (or, relatedly, because they do not satisfy a safety condition on knowledge), while other beliefs based on potentially weaker inductive grounds are not too lucky (or, relatedly, because they are safe). A case is presented that shows that this solution to the puzzle is actually not viable. It is argued that there is no obvious alternative solution in sight and that therefore the puzzle still awaits a classical invariantist solution.
Merleau‐Ponty's Pragmatist Ethics
Authors: Groe Matthew 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUtilizing a characterization of pragmatism drawn from Joseph Margolis, and with reference to the thought of C. S. Peirce and John Dewey, this paper first exposes a pragmatist conception of rationality within the French philosophy of Maurice Merleau‐Ponty. It then explores how this praxical, biologically rooted understanding of rationality leads Merleau‐Ponty to espouse the same broadly pragmatist conception of ethical life that we find in a recent work from Joseph Margolis: one that repudiates fixed principles and absolute ends in order to prompt us, under the pressing exigencies of life, to learn from radically different ways of thinking, thus committing us to negotiating peaceful solutions to our moral and political conflicts across diverse rational perspectives in a manner that, although taking us far from any form of objectivism, nevertheless refuses to renounce all claims to objectivity.
Naming and Nonexistence
Authors: Feit Neil 
Published: March 2010

AbstractI defend a cluster of views about names from fiction and myth. The views are based on two claims: first, proper names refer directly to their bearers; and second, names from fiction and myth are genuinely empty, they simply do not refer. I argue that when such names are used in direct discourse, utterances containing them have truth values but do not express propositions. I also argue that it is a mistake to think that if an utterance of, for example, “Vulcan is a planet” fails to express a proposition, then an utterance of “Le Verrier believed that Vulcan is a planet” cannot express a proposition. The argument applies to claims about fiction, such as “Sherlock Holmes is strong,” and claims about the attitudes of authors and auditors. The upshot is a semantics for fictional statements that provides a satisfying way for direct reference theorists to avoid taking fictional entities to be abstract objects and to accept the commonsense view that what is true in a fiction is ultimately a matter of what is pretended to be the case.
On Cheering Charles Bronson: The Ethics of Vigilantism
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVigilantes are a staple of popular culture, from Charles Bronson's 1974 classic Death Wish, and its parade of sequels, to the latest batch of Batman films. Outside of the fictional sphere, society continues to wrestle with vigilantism, notably in the current debates over the prudence and ethics of the Minuteman civilian border patrol group. And though vigilantism has been the subject of speculation and debate among criminologists, historians, and legal scholars, it has unfortunately been given scant attention by philosophers. Surely a topic of such prominence in popular culture, and continued relevance in real life, is ripe for treatment by applied ethicists. In this paper I seek to formulate a definition of vigilantism and then argue that there are conditions under which vigilantism is not only permissible but, at least for some, obligatory.