bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handedness and Hand Joint Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hasselkus Betty Risteen , Kshepakaran K. K. , Safrit Margaret J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship of hand use to the deforming hand joint changes of rheumatoid arthritis. Measurements of metacarpophalangeal lateral mobility, loss of metacarpophalangeal hyperextension, thumb metacarpophalangeal range of motion, and lateral pinch strength were statistically compared across dominant and nondominant hands of 51 adult subjects who had definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Incidence of boutonniere and swan neck deformities and distal radioulna laxity was also recorded. Results of a multivariate analysis of variance of the difference scores between dominant and nondominant measures were not significant. The authors concluded that the relationship of hand use to joint destruction is not yet clearly defined and further study is needed. Implications for treatment principles of joint protection are presented.
Behaviorial Assessment Scale of Oral Functions in Feeding
Authors: Stratton Margaret 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
When implementing therapeutic feeding programs for the multiply-handicapped developmentally disabled, it is imperative to establish a specific baseline of observable oral movement upon which management and change can be measured. The assessment reported provides an objective and graded method of documenting the major aspects of oral function in relation to feeding difficulties. It is designed to be used in conjunction with an assessment of overall muscle tone and body patterns and an evaluation of specific oral structures and deviations that might interfere with eating.
Effects of Vestibular Stimulation on Spontaneous Use of Verbal Language in Developmentally Delayed Children
Authors: Magrun W. Michael , Ottenbacher Kenneth , McCue Susan , Keefe Rosemary 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The relationship between vestibular stimulation and language development in a group of five primary trainable mentally deficient and five developmentally retarded preschoolers was studied. Subjects received vestibular stimulation prior to a free play situation and were monitored for spontaneous recognizable language use. Results indicated an increase in spontaneous verbal language use for both groups immediately after the stimulation periods, and suggest vestibular stimulation as an effective nonverbal intervention method for the facilitation of spontaneous language.
Continuing Education: A Quality Assurance Approach
Authors: Robertson Susan C. , Martin E. Davis 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In the arena of accountability measures in health care recertification mechanisms are being evaluated for their cost-effectiveness in occupational therapy. The use of continuing education as one recertification option raises concern about the efficacy of educational activities. One measure of program quality is the continuing education unit. Criteria for its award are delineated. Several methods for implementing the measurement of educational activities in occupational therapy are examined.
Criterion-Referenced Measurement in the College Classroom
Authors: Borg Barbara , Bruce Mary Ann 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Beginning in the fall of 1979, at their respective institutions, each author used criterion-referenced measurement to assess student achievement in the junior- and senior-level occupational therapy course in psychosocial dysfunction. Based on their experience, the authors offer a guide for the construction of criterion-referenced test items and discuss the implementation of criterion-referenced measurement in a traditional college setting.
Occupational Therapy Revisited: A Paraphrastic Journey
Authors: Bing Robert K. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational Therapy’s roots are in the subsoil of the moral movement developed in Europe during the Age of Enlightenment. Philippe Pinel, a French philosopher-physician, and William Tuke, an English merchant-philanthropist, developed the principles and applied them to the insane in institutions. Moral treatment came to the United States as part of the Quaker’s religious and intellectual luggage. It expanded rapidly in private, as well as in public, institutions for the insane. During the last quarter of the 19th century moral treatment disappeared. It re-emerged in the early decades of the 20th century as Occupational Therapy.
A diverse group of women and men developed principles and definitions and founded an organization to support the practice of the re-titled moral treatment and management. Susan Tracy, a nurse; George Barton, an architect; William Rush Dunton, Jr., a physician, Eleanor Clarke Slagle, a partially trained social worker also trained in invalid occupations; and Adolf Meyer, another physician, figure prominently in the development of this century’s Occupational Therapy.
A second generation of occupational therapists elaborated upon, codified, and applied the founders’ principles. Their efforts and successes are exemplified through one individual: Beatrice D. Wade, OTR, FAOTA. Lessons from 200 years of development of moral treatment and occupational therapy are cited.
Play in Evolution, Culture, and Individual Adaptation: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Vandenberg Brian , Kielhofner Gary 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this paper human play is examined from the perspective of its role in evolution. A model of social evolution is proposed to extend the model of biological evolution and to demonstrate the central role of play in the socialevolutionary process. Since in evolution play is a mechanism for its process, it demands species members who are playful. Thus, man is a player by virtue of species membership and the evolutionary pathway of the species. The implications of this deep-seated characteristic of playfulness are discussed in terms of human development. Finally, a set of principles is derived from the evolutionary-developmental characteristics of play. Application of these principles in clinical practice is demonstrated and discussed.
Self-Concept and Functional Independence in the Hospitalized Elderly
Authors: Aitken Marlene J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of various kinds of hospitalization to self-concept and functional independence of 30 hospitalized and 10 nonhospitalized subjects older than 65. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was used to measure self-concept, and the Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was used to measure functional independence. Self-concept scores differed among the hospitalized groups. Dependent older persons were found to have lower self-concept scores. Encouraging independence in the performance of self-care skills could diminish this problem of poor self-concept.
An Assessment of the Feeding Behaviors of the Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Rogers Joan C. , Snow Teena (Teepa) 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Data obtained from observing the residents of three long-term care facilities showed that the majority required some assistance in feeding. The facilities differed in the percentage of residents needing help and in the physical and attitudinal support given for self-feeding. Regardless of level of independence in feeding, most residents received adequate food intake. Physical problems, which posed a greater handicap to self-feeding than mental problems, were of four types: improper positioning, dysphagia, upper extremity dysfunctions, and blindness.
Agency Practices in Assigning Fieldwork Experiences to Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Chung Young-Iob , Spelbring Lyla M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Practices by agencies in assigning Level II fieldwork experiences to occupational therapy students were examined. Time-specific logs were collected from students and from agency personnel during a 3-month period. The data generated were used to answer questions about how effectively student time was used in meeting the stated purposes of the assignment. The focus was on “average” student fieldwork activities. The study suggests that more careful and systematic development and design of Level II fieldwork programs are needed to meet the established educational goals and to maximize educational opportunities during the allotted time.
Clothing Fasteners for Women with Arthritis
Authors: Dallas Merry Jo , White Louise Wendt 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
To examine the ability of women with arthritis to manipulate fasteners, 97 women with various forms of arthritis were interviewed and tested using an adjustable bodice-front vest with assorted detachable fastener samples. Since evaluations were performed, in most cases, when the disease was in remission, nearly all of the women were able to manipulate the fasteners presented—sets of zippers, buttons, Velcro, and snaps. The conventional zipper with large teeth and ring pull tab exposed application, and a convex button with a shank used with a vertical buttonhole were manipulated most easily, while fasteners more difficult to manipulate included an invisible zipper, no-sew gripper snaps, and several Velcro samples. Subjects tended to prefer conventional fasteners and methods of application used in ready-to-wear apparel.
Programmatic Treatment
Authors: Bair Jeanette 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Changes in the way our facilities are being organized are requiring us to look at different ways of delivering our services. This month’s column is written so that you, the member, are aware of a new trend in health care delivery systems. It also points out that there are opportunities for growth for those of our members who have management career goals.
This month’s column is authored by Jeanette Bair, M.B.A., OTR, Director of Practice, AOTA
Recovery Trends of Functional Skills in the Head-Injured Adult
Authors: Panikoff Linda B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study describes the course of the recovery of functional skills in adults with severe head injuries during a 2-year period. Eighty head-injured patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit were included in this study. Length of coma could be ascertained for 78 of the patients. These subjects were then divided into two groups by coma length (i.e., less than or equal to 14 days coma and greater than or equal to 15 days coma) as defined by the Glasgow Coma Scale. All 80 patients were rated at 2-, 4-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month intervals after reported date of injury in the following areas: Basic ADLs (feeding, grooming, bed mobility), Wheelchair Mobility, Dressing, Functional Transfers, Basic Hand Skills, Community Skills, Kitchen Skills, and Jebsen Hand Function.
Results illustrated improvement over time in mean scores for all areas evaluated up to 2 years post-injury for both coma groups. The shorter coma group appeared initially less disabled, improved more rapidly, and exhibited significantly less disability on these measures at 1-year post-injury than the longer coma group. Frequency distributions of all patients at the 2-month and 1-year time frame supported the recovery trends and also indicated that the majority of clients improved in functional areas over time despite extensive coma lengths. Chi-square analysis of all patients indicated that the amount of change in mean scores between 2 months and 12 months post-injury was statistically significant for all variables and that the amount of change in mean scores between 6 months and 12 months post-injury was also significant for seven variables. The implications for potential use of these findings for occupational therapy intervention are discussed.
Effect of Occupational Therapy Intervention on Bathing Independence of Disabled Persons
Authors: Shillam Laura L. , Beeman Clara , Loshin Peggy Mellman 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study was done to demonstrate whether or not occupational therapy intervention increases bathing independence for disabled persons. The bathing section of the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale was administered to 19 physically disabled subjects before and after bathing training was completed by occupational therapists. All 19 subjects showed improvement in their ability to bathe themselves.
Computer-Assisted Instruction and Its Use in Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Dengler Peggy E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A computer-assisted instruction system is described in this paper, and the rationale for integrating this system into an occupational therapy course is discussed. Student performance in this course is apparently enhanced by using computer-assisted instruction. Attitudes of both students and faculty concerning the use of a computer for instruction are also discussed.
Quantitative Reviewing: The Literature Review as Scientific Inquiry
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The literature review process is conceptualized as a form of scientific inquiry that involves methodological requirements and inferences similar to those employed in primary research. Five stages of quantitative reviewing that parallel stages in primary investigation are identified and briefly described. They include problem formation, data collection, data evaluation, analysis and interpretation, and reporting the results. The first two stages provide information and guidelines relevant to reviewers’ employing traditional narrative procedures or conducting reviews of qualitative research literature. The final three stages relate specifically to the methodology of quantitative reviewing.
The argument is made that quantitative reviewing procedures represent a paradigm shift that can assist researchers and clinicians in occupational therapy to establish a scientific data base that will serve to guide theory development and validate clinical practice.
Exploring Sensory Integrative Dysfunction in Process Schizophrenia
Authors: Blakeney Anne B. , Strickland L. Randy , Wilkinson Jane H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During a 6-week period, the effects of sensory integrative activities on a group of seven chronic nonparanoid schizophrenic adults were compared to the effects of sedentary activities in a control group of seven similar subjects. The effects of each therapeutic approach were evaluated by measuring the patients’ performance in several areas using the Nurses Observation Scale of Inpatient Evaluation30 (NOSIE-30), The Object Manipulation Speed Test, a gait analysis, and grip strength. The results indicated general improvement in the experimental group.
Behaviors measured by the NOSIE-30 showed the most significant improvements. The control group showed isolated improvements in grooming (measured by the NOSIE-30) and in right-hand use (measured by The Object Manipulation Speed Test). These findings suggest that 6 weeks of sensory integrative activities can improve the overall functioning of chronic nonparanoid schizophrenic patients, facilitate their adaptive responses, and enable them to participate more fully in other areas of therapeutic intervention.
Video as a Medium in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Holm Margo B. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article suggests that occupational therapists use the medium of video as a visual record of baseline performance and or progress: as a means of analyzing performance problems: as a “dry run” for problem solving: and as a means for self-evaluation following role-play. Examples are given for using video as a “selected task” to restore, reinforce, and enhance patient performance.
Strategies for Evaluating Clinical Change: Implications for Practice and Research
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth , York Jennifer 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The methods and procedures of evaluation research using single-system or small-N designs are defined and described. Various components of single-system evaluation research, including specifying the problem, measuring and recording the data, selecting an appropriate design, and analyzing the data, are presented and discussed. The argument is made that single-system evaluation research methods are ideally suited to document clinical change on an individual basis and can provide a mechanism for establishing therapeutic accountability. The relationship between single-system evaluation research and the more traditional experimental procedures is briefly explored, and the implications for establishing an empirically derived basis for clinical practice are discussed.
Understanding Theory: The First Step in Learning About Research
Authors: Reed Kathlyn L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article describes a teaching method used to explain to undergraduate students how a theory is organized and how a practice model is derived based on the theory. Kielhofner’s temporal adaptation of Neville’s application of temporal adaptation in practice are used as examples of a developing theory and practice model. The relevance of theory analysis to research design and methods is stressed.
Grasp and Pinch Strength in Children 5 to 12 Years Old
Authors: Ager Charlene L. , Olivett Bonnie L. , Johnson Connie L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish normative data concerning grasp and pinch strength for use by clinicians who are treating children with hand problems. A population of 474 children ages 5 to 12 were tested using the Jamar dynamometer and the Preston pinch guage. Means and standard deviations of all measurements for all subjects were determined. Results of the study indicate that there is a steady increase in both grasp and pinch strength that coincides with the increase in chronological age and development; males are consistently stronger than females across the age range in all tests, although the differences are not striking. Hand dominance was judged not to be an important factor in predicting strength in this population.
Occupational Therapy in Hospice Care
Authors: Pizzi Michael A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
As hospice care becomes more integrated in the overall health care delivery system, the profession of occupational therapy needs to analyze further its potential within this unique system. This article briefly discusses the goals and philosophy of the hospice concept from the perspective of the National Hospice Organization. Occupational therapy intervention in terminal care is examined, with emphasis on locus of control and occupation as determinants in enhancing quality of life for the terminally ill in a nontraditional rehabilitative environment. A brief case study illustrates some of the general principles discussed throughout the article.
Sequential versus Simultaneous Graphesthesia Tasks in 6- and 10-Year-Old Children
Authors: Smith Colleen M. , Cermak Sharon A. , Nelson David L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Reported in the statistics of the Southern California Graphesthesia Test are significant sex differences for certain young age groups, with females scoring higher than males. In contrast, another study has reported that adult males scored higher than females on the same test.
The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between sex and age and to investigate a possible explanation for this interaction. Sixty-four normal children between the ages of 6.0 and 7.0 years, and 10.0 and 11.0 years were administered two graphesthesia tasks. One task was an adaptation of the Graphesthesia Test of the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT). In this task, shapes were drawn sequentially on the palmar surface of the child’s hand. A second task was devised whereby each of the same shapes was presented in a simultaneous manner, that is, the entire outline of each shape was pressed onto the palmar surface of the child’s hand. Results indicated that for both tasks, younger boys performed relatively less ably than girls, but older boys equalled or surpassed the girls. At a level approaching significance, females scored relatively higher than males on the sequential task, and males scored relatively higher than females on the simultaneous task. However, this tendency toward an interaction between sex and the type of task does not fully explain the interaction between sex and age on graphesthesia tasks.
A Comparative Study on the Presence of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex in Adult Hemiplegia
Authors: Warren Mary L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In this study, the intensity of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) was measured in post-cerebrovascular accident (CVA) adults with hemiplegia and in neurologically intact adults to determine if the reflex exaggerated following CVA. Fourteen subjects with right and left hemiplegia were matched to neurologically intact subjects by age and sex and tested for the ATNR. Intensity of the reflex was measured using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback. The results indicate that no difference exists between the two groups in intensity of the reflex. The method of rotation used to elicit the reflex did significantly affect the strength of the muscle response. A possible explanation for observation of the reflex in the hemiplegic individual’s movement and its significance in neuromuscular re-education programs is discussed.
An Approach to Supervision of Students on Fieldwork
Authors: Schwartz Kathleen Barker 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper describes a method for supervision of occupational therapy students on clinical affiliation. The approach is based on the assumption that students behave in ways that are consistent with Levels 3 through 4 of Jane Loevinger’s stages of personality development. The most effective supervisory approach for students at each level of behavior is described. The model assumes that the level of student can be matched with a supervisory approach to result in a more satisfying experience for both student and supervisor.
Reducing the Self-Stimulatory Behavior of a Profoundly Retarded Female Through Sensory Awareness Training
Authors: Storey Keith , Bates Paul , McGhee Nancy , Dycus Susan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Sensory awareness training procedures were used to reduce the self-stimulatory behavior of a profoundly retarded female. Self-stimulatory behaviors were directly observed and recorded using a 15-second momentary time sample procedure for 10-minute recording periods. An alternating treatment design was used to compare the effects of treatment and nontreatment. Tactile, olfactory, and gustatory materials were used to stimulate the person’s senses. Generalization was assessed across noncompliant behaviors. The results indicate that sensory awareness training reduced self-stimulatory behaviors, but that these behaviors were still being emitted at a high rate. Suggestions for further research are made, and the use of “traditional” sensory awareness training procedures is questioned.
Effects of Selected Activities on Affective Meaning in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Kremer Ellen R. H. , Nelson David L. , Duncombe Linda W. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists have used activity analysis to ensure the therapeutic use of activities. Recently, they have begun to explore the affective components of activities. This study explores the feelings (affective responses) that chronic psychiatric patients have toward selected activities commonly used in occupational therapy. Twenty-two participating chronic psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of three different activity groups: cooking, craft, or sensory awareness. Immediately following participation, each subject was asked to rate the activity by using Osgood’s semantic differential, which measures the evaluation, power, and action factors of affective meaning. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the cooking activity and the other two activities on the evaluation factor. The fact that the three activities were rated differently is evidence that different activities can elicit different responses in one of the target populations of occupational therapy. The implications of these findings to occupational therapists are discussed and areas of future research are indicated.