bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teriparatide, Vitamin D, and Calcium Healed Bilateral Subtrochanteric Stress Fractures in a Postmenopausal Woman with a 13-Year History of Continuous Alendronate Therapy
Authors: Gomberg Stephen J. , Wustrack Rosanna L. , Napoli Nicola , Arnaud Claude D. , Black Dennis M. 
Published: March 2011

Background:
Oral bisphosphonates comprise the most widely prescribed class of antiosteoporotic drugs. Recent reports, however, propose a link between prolonged bisphosphonate use and atypical, low-energy, subtrochanteric fractures.

Objectives:
The aim was to describe the clinical course of a patient treated long-term with alendronate who developed subtrochanteric stress fractures and to propose a hypothesis to explain teriparatide's potential contribution in healing the patient's stress fractures.

Results:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed classical bilateral stress fractures of the mid-femora. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was low; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was slightly increased; serum carboxyterminal cross-linking telopeptide of bone collagen and urine aminoterminal cross-linking telopeptide of bone collagen were low to normal, as was serum osteocalcin. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry showed osteopenic vertebral bone mineral density and osteoporotic hip values. Treatment with large doses of oral vitamin D increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to normal within 2 months, after which it remained in the normal range with maintenance doses. Thigh pain, present as an initial symptom, intensified, and the MRI appearance of the fractures worsened. Teriparatide treatment commenced, and 6 months later, a repeat MRI showed decreased edema at the fracture sites with faint cortical bridging. Thigh pain and lower limb weakness disappeared over the next year, and complete fracture healing was established (MRI).

Conclusions:
Based upon the chronology of fracture healing in our patient and published evidence that teriparatide heals stress fractures in a rat model, we think that teriparatide was probably primary in this patient's positive response to therapy, with calcium, vitamin D therapy, and alendronate discontinuation playing secondary roles.
Life without Empire: Audiencia Ministers after Independence
Authors: Burkholder Mark A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
“Life without Empire: Audiencia Ministers after Independence” draws upon sources from Spain’s national, regional, and university archives to examine men with audiencia positions in Spain and in the Indies from the end of the sale of appointments in 1750 to 1821. In 1750 these ministers shared backgrounds of gender and university study of civil law, canon law, or both. They differed in regard to place of birth, the purchase of an initial audiencia appointment, age at first appointment, educational experience and university affiliation, prior government service and university teaching, and the extent of prominent letrado relatives serving audiencias, chancellories, and councils. By 1808 these differences had largely disappeared and a much more homogenous corps of ministers served on the tribunals. The changes in background facilitated the incorporation into the Spanish courts of a substantial number of ministers with American service after independence. Many creole and the few peninsular ministers who remained in the Americas after independence also obtained positions there. Compared to intendants and bishops in the Americas, ministers on New World audiencias proved relatively successful in securing posts after independence. In terms of subsequent offices held, the handful of creole audiencia ministers that emigrated to Spain fared better than the peninsulars that remained in the newly independent states.
A Questionnaire-Based Survey of Patient Satisfaction with Dental Care at Two General Dental Practice Locations
Authors: Saleh Fahd , Dyer Peter V 
Published: March 2011

Aim The aim of this study was to survey patient satisfaction with dental care delivered in general practice and to compare the results with those obtained five years earlier using the same questionnaire. Methodology A previously piloted patient satisfaction questionnaire was distributed to consecutive adult patients of one dentist at two general dental practices on completion of restorative or surgical treatment. The results were compared with those achieved by the same dentist using the same questionnaire five years previously during vocational training (VT). Results Thirty-nine questionnaires were distributed at one practice and 31 at the second. Thirty (77%) were returned at the first practice and 23 (74%) at the second. There were no statistically significant differences in answers to the questions between the two practices. The two sets of results were combined and compared with results from the previous survey. There was a statistically significant improvement ( P<0.05) since the first survey for attributes relating to conveying cost information. There was a moderate correlation between patient perception of professionalism, oral hygiene advice and empathy and the patient's intent on returning for further services and recommending the dentist to others. Conclusion It appeared that patient satisfaction with dental care marginally increased with postgraduate experience gained over five years since VT by the dentist concerned. Patients’ perception of the quality of dental care provision and their intent on re-accessing a dental service may be associated with a practitioner's professionalism, empathy and delivery of oral hygiene advice.
The Feasibility of Data Collection in Dental Practices, Using Codes for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), to Allow European General Dental Practitioners to Monitor Dental Caries at Local, National, and International Levels
Authors: Bonner Brian C , Bourgeois Denis M , Douglas Gail V , Chan Karen , Pitts Nigel B 
Published: March 2011

Aim To determine whether or not European general dental practitioners can carry out comprehensive dental caries assessments of the teeth of selected quotas of their patients during routine dental check-ups, as an alternative or complement to the work of specialised, salaried, dental epidemiologists. Methods Dentists from several European countries were invited by local coordinators to be trained to carry out dental disease assessments. For caries, they used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), as part of a wider oral health indicators project with a European perspective. They attended training events and recruited and examined patients in their own practices before completing questionnaires, which they returned to a central data-processing facility. Results Ninety-six dentists returned questionnaires giving their opinions of the data-collection system after performing ICDAS assessments on 1216 patients. Mean times for assessments varied between countries from 7.8 to 14.06 minutes and were dependent on the age of the patient and the number and general condition of the teeth present. Given a choice of six difficulty/ease options for both understanding and applying the system, 89% of the dental examiners chose one of the two categories indicating the least difficulty for understanding and 73% chose one of these two categories for applying. Conclusion Volunteer general dental practitioners (GDPs) from six European countries were able successfully to perform data collection for survey work in addition to their routine practice. If larger numbers of GDPs across Europe are prepared to undertake this type of work for selected quota samples, it should be possible to collect data to monitor caries levels among patients who attend dental practices at local, national, and international levels, provided that the time taken is considered and remunerated appropriately.
Reference change values for monitoring dehydration
Authors: Cheuvront Samuel N. , Fraser Callum G. , Kenefick Robert W. , Ely Brett R. , Sawka Michael N. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background: Dehydration is a common medical problem requiring heuristic evaluation. Our aim was to develop a quantitative and graphical tool based on serial changes in either plasma osmolality (Posm), urine specific gravity (Usg), or body mass (Bm) to aid in determining the probability that a person has become dehydrated. A secondary purpose was to validate use of the tool by dehydrating a group of volunteers.

Methods: Basic data were obtained from a recent study of biological variation in common hydration status markers. Four reference change values (RCV) were calculated for each variable (Posm, Usg, Bm) using four statistical probabilities (0.80, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.99). The probability derived from the Z-score for any given change can be calculated from: Z=change/[21/2(CVa
2+CVi
2)1/2]. This calculation was simplified to require one input (measured change) by plotting the RCV against probability to generate both an empirical equation and a dual quantitative-qualitative graphic.

Results: Eleven volunteers were dehydrated by moderate levels (–2.1% to –3.5% Bm). Actual probabilities were obtained by substituting measured changes in Posm, Usg, and Bm for X in the exponential equation, Y=1–e
–K·X, where each variable has a unique K constant. Median probabilities were 0.98 (Posm), 0.97 (Usg), and 0.97 (Bm), which aligned with ‘very likely’ to ‘virtually certain’ qualitative probability categories for dehydration.

Conclusions: This investigation provides a simple quantitative and graphical tool that can aid in determining the probability that a person has become dehydrated when serial measures of Posm, Usg, or Bm are made.
Optisches Extensometer zur Verfolgung propagierender Verformungsbänder
Authors: Dierke Hanno , Fischer Marc , Casarotto Leobaldo , Tutsch Rainer 
Published: March 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Portevin-LeChatelier-Effekt (PLC-Effekt) bezeichnet Instabilitäten der plastischen Verformung von Legierungen. In bestimmten Bereichen von Verformungsrate und Temperatur erfolgt die ansonsten homogene Verformung des Materials lokalisiert in schmalen Zonen, die PLC-Bänder genannt werden. Da die PLC-Bänder sehr schnell auftreten, ist ein System mit hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung erforderlich, um die Vorgänge bei der Entstehung gründlich zu untersuchen. In diesem Artikel wird ein neues Testsystem zur Beobachtung des PLC-Effekts präsentiert. Es besteht neben einer Zugmaschine aus einer Zeilenkamera zur globalen Beobachtung der Zugprobe sowie einer Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera mit hoher Vergrößerung zur lokalen Beobachtung mit hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung. Durch Analyse der Daten der Zeilenkamera ist die Bestimmung der Position auftretender PLC-Bänder möglich. Diese Information wird dazu genutzt, die nur einen Teil der Zugprobe beobachtende Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera auszulösen bzw. einem über die Probe propagierenden Band nachzuführen.
Messaufnahmen für die Vermessung von Hochfrequenz-Filtern
Authors: Draheim Robert , Kiwitt Jürgen , Pitschi Maximilian , Scholl Gerd 
Published: March 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die exakte Charakterisierung von Hochfrequenzfiltern mit Isolationen bis zu −60 dB stellt eine große messtechnische Herausforderung dar. Hierfür müssen die elektromagnetischen Wechselwirkungen der Messaufnahmen mit den Hochfrequenzbauelementen exakt analysiert und anschließend durch Anpassung der Messaufnahmengeometrien auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.
Rapid Tachyphylaxis of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1–Induced Deceleration of Gastric Emptying in Humans
Authors: Nauck Michael A. , Kemmeries Guido , Holst Jens J. , Meier Juris J. 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 lowers postprandial glycemia primarily through inhibition of gastric emptying. We addressed whether the GLP-1–induced deceleration of gastric emptying is subject to rapid tachyphylaxis and if so, how this would alter postprandial glucose control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nine healthy volunteers (25 ± 4 years old, BMI: 24.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were examined with intravenous infusion of GLP-1 (0.8 pmol · kg−1 . min−1) or placebo over 8.5 h. Two liquid mixed meals were administered at a 4-h interval. Gastric emptying was determined, and blood samples were drawn frequently.

RESULTS
GLP-1 decelerated gastric emptying significantly more after the first meal compared with the second meal (P = 0.01). This was associated with reductions in pancreatic polypeptide levels (marker of vagal activation) after the first but not the second meal (P &lt; 0.05). With GLP-1, glucose concentrations declined after the first meal but increased after the second meal (P &lt; 0.05). The GLP-1–induced reductions in postprandial insulin and C-peptide levels were stronger during the first meal course (P &lt; 0.05). Likewise, glucagon levels were lowered by GLP-1 after the first meal but increased after the second test meal (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The GLP-1–induced delay in gastric emptying is subject to rapid tachyphylaxis at the level of vagal nervous activation. As a consequence, postprandial glucose control by GLP-1 is attenuated after its chronic administration.
Birth Size Distribution in 3,705 Infants Born to Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Persson Martina , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Hanson Ulf , Norman Mikael 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
To characterize birth size distribution in infants born to mothers with type 1 diabetes. In particular, the relationship between birth weight (BW) and length (BL) was studied because it may provide information on different causal pathways of fetal macrosomia commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a population-based cohort study of 3,705 infants of type 1 diabetic mothers (1,876 boys), with a gestational age of 28–43 weeks, born in Sweden between 1998 and 2007. BW and BL were retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry and expressed as SD scores (SDS). Ponderal index (PI) was calculated as BW in g/length in cm3. A BW &gt;90th and a PI ≤90th percentile was defined as proportionate large-for-gestational age (LGA), whereas if both BW and PI &gt;90th percentile, the infant was categorized as disproportionately large. Values are mean (SD).

RESULTS
The BW distribution for offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers was bell-shaped, significantly broader, and markedly shifted to the right (BWSDS: 1.27 [1.48]) of the reference. Of the infants born to diabetic mothers, 47% were LGA, and among them, 46% were disproportionately large compared with 35% in nondiabetic LGA infants (P &lt; 0.001). Female offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers had significantly higher BWSDS than males (1.34 vs. 1.20, P &lt; 0.01), and preterm infants had higher BWSDS than term infants (1.41 vs. 1.23, P &lt; 0.01)

CONCLUSIONS
Fetal macrosomia in type 1 diabetic pregnancies is due to a right-shift and broadening of the entire BW distribution. The large number of disproportionate LGA infants born to type 1 diabetic mothers suggests an underlying metabolic problem. Fetal macrosomia was more pronounced in preterm and female offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers.
Resin Composite Restorations of Permanent Incisors with Crown Fractures: A Case Report with a Six-year Follow-up
Authors: Ozel E. , Karapinar-Kazandag M. , Soyman M. , Bayirli G. 
Published: March 2011

Clinical Relevance
The teeth in this report were restored with a two-step self-etch adhesive system and a microhybrid resin composite. The teeth present with an excellent clinical performance and patient acceptance at the end of a six-year recall.
Automated software and hardware evolution analysis for distributed real-time and embedded systems
Authors: Dougherty Brian , White Jules , Schmidt Douglas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSoftware evolution is critical to extending the utility and life of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. Determining the optimal set of software and hardware components to evolve that (1) incorporate cutting-edge technology and (2) satisfy DRE system resource constraints, such as memory, power, and CPU usage is an NP-Hard problem. This article provides four contributions to evolving legacy DRE system configurations. First, we present the Software Evolution Analysis with Resources (SEAR) technique for converting legacy DRE system configurations, external resource availabilities, and candidate replacement components into multiple-choice multidimension knapsack problems (MMKP). Second, we present a formal methodology for assessing the validity of evolved system configurations. Third, we apply heuristic approximation algorithms to determine low-cost, high value evolution paths in polynomial time. Finally, we analyze results of experiments that apply these techniques to determine which technique is most effective for given system parameters. Our results show that constraint solvers can only evolve small system configurations, whereas approximation techniques are needed to evolve larger system configurations.
Designing Wireless Sensor Networks: from theory to applications
Authors: Agrawal Dharma 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are having a dramatic impact on the way surrounding environment is being monitored. In this article, many underlying design issues of WSNs have been summarized, starting from the coverage and the connectivity. As batteries provide energy to sensor nodes, effective ways of power conservation are considered. Advantages of placing sensors in a regular pattern have also been discussed and various tradeoffs for many possible ways of secured communication in a WSN are summarized. Challenges in deploying WSN for monitoring CO emission are briefly covered. Finally, the use of sensors is illustrated in automatically generating music based on dancers’ movements.
Good versus optimal: Why network analytic methods need more systematic evaluation
Authors: Zweig Katharina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNetwork analytic method designed for the analysis of static networks promise to identify significant relational patterns that correlate with important structures in the complex system the network is derived from. In this mini review, three groups of network analytic methods are discussed: centrality indices, network motifs, and clustering algorithms. We show that so far these methods have mainly been used in a descriptive way, but that they show promising possibilities to be used for prediction and classification. We thus conclude the article with a discussion of how benchmark sets and evaluation criteria could look like to realize this promise.
Immunohistological Study of Wound Healing after Submucosal Radiofrequency Tissue Ablation of Inferior Nasal Turbinate in a Sheep Model
Authors: Gouveris Haralampos , Nousia Christina , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Riga Maria , Katotomichelakis Michael , Papathanasiou Jannis , Watelet Jean-Baptiste , Danielides Vasilios 
Published: March 2011

Background Data on the molecular processes involved in nasal mucosa wound healing after radiofrequency tissue ablation (RTA) of the inferior nasal turbinate (INT) are missing. This study was designed to examine tissue expression of fibronectin, collagen III, CD68, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 in the INT (ventral) after RTA in sheep. Methods An experimental randomized controlled study was performed. Seventeen INTs (ventral) of nine sheep were used. RTA was applied in 12 INTs. Turbinate samples were studied 1, 3, and 8 weeks postoperatively (4 samples/time point) and in five control INTs (without surgery). Besides hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining was done for MMP-9, collagen III, fibronectin, and CD68. A quantitative grading ranging between 0 (no immunoreactivity at all) and 100% (profuse immunoreactivity) was performed by a blinded senior pathologist. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Spearman's rho correlation coefficients were calculated between histological and/or immunohistological variables. Results At week 8, fibronectin (p = 0.025), collagen III (p = 0.004), and MMP-9 (p < 0.001) immunoreactivity was significantly higher than controls, while immunoreactivity for CD68 was higher, although not significantly (p = 0.114) compared with controls. Strong correlations have been found between mucosal vascularization and interstitial space volume (r = 0.776), interstitial space volume and epithelial cell necrosis (r = 0.730), and CD68 immunostaining and epithelial cell necrosis (r = 0.784). Conclusion Given their high tissue concentrations after RTA application, fibronectin, collagen III, CD68, and MMP-9 deserve further study as candidate modulators of the INT wound-healing process.
Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation of Nasal Sound Spectral Analysis Compared with Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow in Nasal Septal Deviation
Authors: Choi Hyuk , Park Il-Ho , Geun Hu , Lee Heung-Man 
Published: March 2011

Background Noninvasive evaluation of nasal airflow has remained a constant challenge for clinicians. A recently developed method for measurement of nasal obstruction has been evaluated. This study was designed to compare results of nasal sound spectral analysis (NSSA) with results of peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and visual analog scale (VAS) of nasal obstruction. Main outcome measure was diagnostic accuracy evaluation of NSSA compared with PNIF in nasal septal deviation. Methods Analysis of original nasal sounds was performed using the ameliorated NSSA system with a software program and evaluation of nasal inspiratory sound and its intensity into spectral and frequency scale was performed using fast Fourier transform. NSSA and PNIF were performed on 43 patients with nasal septal deviations and 40 healthy subjects. We characterized the following frequency spectrum using a series of variables: low frequency (0–1 kHz), medium frequency (1–2 kHz), and high frequency (2–4 kHz). Results A significant difference was observed between PNIF values and nasal inspiratory sound intensity of the deviated patients and the control group (p < 0.001). A correlation was observed in patients between NSSA results at a frequency range of 2–4 kHz and PNIF results. A cutoff between normal and pathological of 15.2 ± 2.0 dB (2–4 kHz) for NSSA and 118.0 ± 15.5 L/min for PNIF was calculated. No significant differences in terms of sensitivity of NSSA and PNIF (86.04% versus 79.07%) and specificity (82.50% versus 77.50%) were computed. Conclusion NSSA and PNIF provide valuable information to aid in support of clinical decision making.
Impact of Allergic Rhinitis on Bronchi: An 8-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Ciprandi Giorgio , Cirillo Ignazio , Signori Alessio 
Published: March 2011

Background Allergic rhinitis is considered a strong risk factor for the onset of asthma. However, few studies addressed this issue from afunctional point of view. The aim of this study was to follow up a group of patients with allergic rhinitis to investigate the onset of possible spirometric abnormalities and/or bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). Methods Eighty-nine patients with moderate–severe persistent allergic rhinitis were prospectively and consecutively evaluated; 940 controls were also included in the study. Clinical examination, skin-prick test, spirometry, and methacholine challenge were performed in all patients every 2 years for 8 years. Results The number of patients with forced expiratory flow at 25 and 75% of pulmonary volume of<70% of predicted significantly increased during the observation time. At baseline, no subjects had BHR; whereas 34 patients had BHR after 8 years. Sensitization to mites, birch, and Parietaria as well as rhinitis duration are risk factors for these changes. Conclusion This study highlights the close link between upper and lower airways and suggests that spirometry should be performed in patients with allergic rhinitis.