bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Propranolol for Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Hogeling Marcia , Adams Susan , Wargon Orli 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Propranolol hydrochloride is a safe and effective medication for treating infantile hemangiomas (IHs), with decreases in IH volume, color, and elevation.

METHODS:
Forty children between the ages of 9 weeks and 5 years with facial IHs or IHs in sites with the potential for disfigurement were randomly assigned to receive propranolol or placebo oral solution 2 mg/kg per day divided 3 times daily for 6 months. Baseline electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and laboratory evaluations were performed. Monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose was performed at each visit. Children younger than 6 months were admitted to the hospital for monitoring after their first dose at weeks 1 and 2. Efficacy was assessed by performing blinded volume measurements at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 and blinded investigator scoring of photographs at weeks 0, 12, and 24.

RESULTS:
IH growth stopped by week 4 in the propranolol group. Significant differences in the percent change in volume were seen between groups, with the largest difference at week 12. Significant decrease in IH redness and elevation occurred in the propranolol group at weeks 12 and 24 (P = .01 and .001, respectively). No significant hypoglycemia, hypotension, or bradycardia occurred. One child discontinued the study because of an upper respiratory tract infection. Other adverse events included bronchiolitis, gastroenteritis, streptococcal infection, cool extremities, dental caries, and sleep disturbance.

CONCLUSION:
Propranolol hydrochloride administered orally at 2 mg/kg per day reduced the volume, color, and elevation of focal and segmental IH in infants younger than 6 months and children up to 5 years of age.
School Outcomes of Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Forrest Christopher B. , Bevans Katherine B. , Riley Anne W. , Crespo Richard , Louis Thomas A. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the associations between having a special health care need and school outcomes measured as attendance, student engagement, behavioral threats to achievement, and academic achievement.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:
A total of 1457 children in the fourth through sixth grades from 34 schools in 3 school districts and their parents provided survey data; parents completed the Children With Special Health Care Needs Screener. School records were abstracted for attendance, grades, and standardized achievement test scores.

RESULTS:
Across 34 schools, 33% of children screened positive for special health care needs. After adjusting for sociodemographic and school effects, children with special health care needs had lower motivation to do well in school, more disruptive behaviors, and more frequent experiences as a bully victim. They experienced significantly lower academic achievement, as measured by grades, standardized testing, and parental-assessed academic performance. These findings were observed for children who qualified as having a special health care need because they had functional limitations attributed to a chronic illness or a behavioral health problem but not for those who qualified only because they took prescription medications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Specific subgroups of children with special health care needs are at increased risk for poor school outcomes. Health and school professionals will need to collaborate to identify these children early, intervene with appropriate medical and educational services, and monitor long-term outcomes.
Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Reducing the Risk for Calcium Stones
Authors: Renkema Kirsten Y. , Bindels René J.M. , Hoenderop Joost G.J. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
The tight control of blood Ca2+ levels within a narrow range is essential for the performance of vital physiologic functions. Muscle contraction, neuronal excitation, and intracellular signaling processes acquisitively require Ca2+. It is the concerted action of intestine, bone, and kidney that controls the Ca2+ balance through the regulation of intestinal absorption, bone (de)mineralization, and renal excretion of Ca2+, respectively. Along the nephron, fine-tuning of blood Ca2+ levels takes place by Ca2+ reabsorption. The calciotropic hormones regulate Ca2+ transport processes, leading to whole-body Ca2+ homeostasis and, importantly, preserving a constant Ca2+ concentration in the blood. Defects in renal Ca2+ handling can lead to hypercalciuria, consecutive kidney stone formation, and obstructive nephropathy. Here we give an overview of the key players involved in normal Ca2+ management and describe the in-depth investigations on a renal hypercalciuric model of disease, the Trpv5 knockout mouse, which naturally displays molecular adaptations that prevent Ca2+ precipitation in the kidney.
Association of Hemoglobin and Survival in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Molnar Miklos Z. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Duong Uyen , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Interventional trials and some observational studies show target hemoglobin >13 g/dl to be associated with higher mortality in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent–treated (ESA-treated) hemodialysis patients; data for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are limited.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We tested our hypothesis that higher and lower achieved hemoglobin levels are associated with increased mortality in 9269 ESA-treated PD patients from all DaVita dialysis clinics during the time period July 2001 through June 2006 followed through June 2007 using a time-dependent analysis.

Results
Lower hemoglobin was associated with significantly higher all-cause mortality in ESA-treated PD patients: with hemoglobin of 11.0 to <12.0 g/dl as reference, the time-dependent adjusted death hazard ratios for hemoglobin levels of 10.0 to <11.0, 9.0 to <10.0, and ≤9.0 g/dl were 1.12 (1.00 to 1.24), 1.30 (1.12 to 1.50), and 1.38 (1.14 to 1.67), respectively. The time-dependent adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular death with hemoglobin levels of 10.0 to <11.0, 9.0 to <10.0, and ≤9.0 g/dl were 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32), 1.37 (1.09 to 1.72), and 1.12 (0.79 to 1.57), respectively. The same trend for association of lower hemoglobin level with higher mortality was seen in African-American and non–African American men and women. In contrast, there was no association between higher achieved hemoglobin and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in ESA-treated PD patients.

Conclusions
Lower, but not higher, achieved hemoglobin is associated with higher mortality in ESA-treated PD patients. Randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the target hemoglobin level with lowest mortality in PD patients.
Incompatible Live-Donor Kidney Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Garonzik Wang Jacqueline M. , Montgomery Robert A. , Kucirka Lauren M. , Berger Jonathan C. , Warren Daniel S. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Use of incompatible kidney transplantation (IKT) is growing as a response to the organ shortage and the increase in sensitization among candidates. However, recent regulatory mandates possibly threaten IKT, and the potential effect of these mandates cannot be estimated because dissemination of this modality remains unknown. The goal of this study was to better understand practice patterns of IKT in the United States.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Directors from all 187 unique active adult kidney transplant programs were queried about transplantation across the following antibody barriers: positive Luminex, negative flow crossmatch (PLNF); positive flow, negative cytotoxic crossmatch (PFNC); positive cytotoxic crossmatch (PCC); and ABO incompatible (ABOi).

Results
Responses from 125 centers represented 84% of the live-donor transplant volume in the United States. Barriers of PLNF, PFNC, PCC, and ABOi are being crossed in 70%, 51%, 18%, and 24%, respectively, of transplant centers that responded. Desensitization was performed in 58% of PLNF, 76% of PFNC, 100% of PCC, and 80% of ABOi using plasmapheresis and low-dose intravenous Ig (IVIg) in 71% to 83% and high-dose IVIg in 29% to 46%.

Conclusions
A higher proportion of centers perform IKT than might be inferred from the literature. The rapid dissemination of these protocols despite adequate evidence of a clear advantage of IKT transplants argues for the creation of a national registry and randomized studies.
Systematic Shifts in Cystatin C Between 2006 and 2010
Authors: Maahs David M. , Jalal Diana , McFann Kim , Rewers Marian , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. 
Published: July 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Cystatin C is used increasingly as a biomarker of renal function; however, cystatin C assays are not standardized. Our objective was to compare cystatin C results within the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study over time and in repeated measures to evaluate for assay drift.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Serum samples were obtained at baseline (visit 1 [V1], 2000 to 2002) and follow-up (visit 2 [V2], 2003 to 2005; visit 3 [V3], 2006 to 2008) and were assayed in 2006 (V1), 2007 to 2008 (V2), and 2010 (V3) in the same laboratory.

Results
Mean cystatin C levels measured using the Dade–Behring assay decreased over time in subjects, with measures at all three visits (V1: 0.80 ± 0.19 [0.42 to 3.41], V2: 0.75 ± 0.22 [0.39 to 3.77], and V3: 0.69 ± 0.22 [0.39 to 3.79]). Cystatin C values were lower in V1 and V2 samples remeasured in 2010 (mean differences −0.13 ± 0.04 and −0.08 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001 for both). Correlations for original and re-run values were strong for V1 (r = 0.99) and V2 (r = 0.99). Deming regression equations and Bland–Altman plots suggest a systematic shift in the values over time.

Conclusions
Systematic shifts in cystatin C levels, which can be corrected by regression adjustment, occurred in our laboratory in samples measured in 2006 and 2007 to 2008 as compared with 2010. Assay standardization and measurement reliability for cystatin C must be addressed.
Oxidative Stress and Galactose-Deficient IgA1 as Markers of Progression in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Camilla Roberta , Suzuki Hitoshi , Daprà Valentina , Loiacono Elisa , Peruzzi Licia , Amore Alessandro , Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Mazzucco Gianna , Scolari Francesco , Gharavi Ali G. , Appel Gerald B. , Troyanov Stéphan , Novak Jan , Julian Bruce A. , Coppo Rosanna 
Published: July 2011

SummaryBackground and objectivesWe assessed the activation of the oxidative stress pathway in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), while evaluating the classic marker of the disease (galactose-deficient serum IgA1).Design, setting, participants, & measurementsSera from 292 patients and 69 healthy controls from Italy and the United States were assayed for advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), free sulfhydryl groups on albumin (SH-Alb), and IgA1 with galactose-deficient hinge-regionO-glycans (Gd-IgA1). Gd-IgA1 was detected by binding toHelix aspersaagglutinin (HAA) and expressed as total Gd-IgA1 or as degree of galactose deficiency relative to a standard Gd-IgA1 myeloma protein (%HAA).ResultsSera from IgAN patients showed higher levels of Gd-IgA1, %HAA, and AOPPs, but lower levels of SH-Alb in comparison to that from healthy controls. Serum levels of AOPPs significantly correlated with serum Gd-IgA1 and %HAA. The relationship between these biomarkers and clinical features at sampling and during follow-up was assessed in 62 patients with long-term follow-up. AOPPs and %HAA correlated with proteinuria at sampling and independently associated with subsequent proteinuria. Levels of AOPPs correlated with rate of decline in renal function after sampling. The combination of a high level of AOPPs and a high level of %HAA associated with decline in estimated GFR.ConclusionsSerum levels of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 are elevated and oxidative stress pathways are activated in patients with IgAN; the intensity of the stress correlated with expression and progression of the disease. We speculate that oxidative stress may modulate the nephrotoxicity of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in IgAN.
Investigation of 6-fluoroquinolones activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using theoretical molecular descriptors: a case study
Authors: Minovski Nikola , Jezierska-Mazzarello Aneta , Vračko Marjan , Šolmajer Tom 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study on a set of 66 structurally-similar 6-fluoroquinolones was performed using a large pool of theoretical molecular descriptors. Ab initio geometry optimizations were carried out to reproduce the geometrical and electronic structure parameters. The resulting molecular structures were confirmed to be minima via harmonic frequency calculations. Obtained atomic charges, HOMO and LUMO energies, orbital electron densities, dipole moment, energy and many other properties served as quantum-chemical descriptors. A multiple linear regression (MLR) technique was applied to generate a linear model for predicting the biological activity, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), treated as negative decade logarithm, (pMIC). The heuristic method was used to optimize the model parameters and select the most significant descriptors. The model was tested internally using the CV LOO procedure on the training set and validated against the external validation set. The result (Q 2 ext = 0.7393), which was obtained on an external, previously excluded validation data set, shows the predictive performances of this model (R 2tr = 0.7416, Q 2 tr = 0.6613) in establishing (Q)SAR of 6-fluoroquinolones. This validated model could be proficiently used to design new 6-fluoroquinolones with possible higher activity.
Remazol Black B removal from aqueous solutions and wastewater using weakly basic anion exchange resins
Authors: Wawrzkiewicz Monika , Hubicki Zbigniew 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In this study, the use of the weakly basic anion exchange resins of phenol-formaldehyde (Amberlyst A 23), polyacrylate (Amberlite IRA 67) and polystyrene (Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62) matrices for removal of the reactive dye Remazol Black B (RBB) from aqueous solution and wastewater were investigated. RBB sorption on the anion exchangers was a time dependent process. Color reduction percentiles of 75.2, 33.9 and 25.1% in wastewater treatment were found after 216 h of phase contact time with Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, Amberlyst A 23 and Amberlite IRA 67, respectively. Inorganic salts and anionic surfactant action influenced RBB uptake by the anion exchangers. The amounts of dye retained by the anion exchangers increased with a rise in temperature. The maximum sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model were 66.4, 282.1 and 796.1 mg g−1 for Amberlite IRA 67, Amberlyst A 23 and Lewatit MonoPlus MP 62, respectively. Regeneration of phenol-formaldehyde and polystyrene resins were possible using 1 M NaOH, 2 M KSCN, 1M KSCN in 40–60% methanol as well as 1 M NaOH in 60% methanol.
Quelques incursions dans la zone occidentale du limes de Numidie
Authors: Salama Pierre 
Published: July 2011

The research bears on three points :
1°) A roman fortress in building stones (at present destroyed) at Sidi Khaled (69 km South-West of Gemellae), that is to say on the most western point of the area studied by J. Baradez (Fossatum Africae) .
2°) A small fort built on the site of Medjdel (Gsell, AAA, XXXV, between 207 and 208), where formerly was found a fragment of inscription of a cohort bearing the date 149 a.d., under the emperor Antoninus Pius. But the sketch of this fort relates to typology of military stonework which is not anterior to the second half of the third century. It is therefore obvious that the fort of Antoninus Pius was rearranged after wards, or that the very site of Medjdel neekney several military constructions scattered over the times.
3°) A camp, sincer long known, but never described nor measured at Hamman Charef (Gsell, AAA, XL VI, 41). The general typology of this camp (related in Africa to those of Tocolosida, Sadouri, Gemellae, Ad Maiores, Remada,...), together with various fragments of epigraphy (one of them discovered 1970) alloys to suppose that it was also built under Antoninus Pius, in order to watch a traditional way of invasion, which, coming from the South-West, could trach the heart of Numidia.
Challenges in Measuring the Impact of Interruption on Patient Safety and Workflow Outcomes
Authors: Li S. Y. W. , Dunn A. G. , Coeira E. , Magrabi F. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective: To examine the problem of studying interruption in healthcare.Methods: Review of the interruption literature from psychology, human-computer interaction; experimental studies of electronic prescribing and error behaviour; observational studies in emergency and intensive care.Results: Primary task and interruption variables which contribute to the outcomes of an interruption include the type of task (primary and interrupting task); point of interruption; duration of interruption; similarity of interruptive task to primary task; modality of interruption; environmental cues; and interruption handling strategy. Effects of interruption on task performance can be examined by measuring errors, the time on task, interruption lag and resumption lag.Conclusions: Interruptions are a complex phenomenon where multiple variables including the characteristics of primary tasks, the interruptions themselves, and the environment may influence patient safety and work-flow outcomes. Observational studies present significant challenges for recording many of the process variables that influence the effects of interruptions. Controlled experiments provide an opportunity to examine the specific effects of variables on errors and efficiency. Computational models can be used to identify the situations in which interruptions to clinical tasks could be disruptive and to investigate the aggregate effects of interruptions.
Rêver en séance
Authors: Fabre Nicole 
Published: July 2011

Rêver en séance, c’est mettre en jeu et faire jouer ensemble deux imaginaires, celui du patient et celui de l’analyste. A travers l’analyse d’une séquence de cure, nous voyons la patiente accéder à une nouvelle construction du roman de sa vie. Nous sommes amenés à considérer que le rêve-éveillé renforce l’aspect « œuvre analytique » de toute cure par son mode de mise en travail de l’imaginaire
De l'inclassable à « l'espèce d'espace » : l'intermédiarité et ses enjeux en géographie
Authors: Merle Anthony 
Published: July 2011

Résumé L’intermédiarité : « mot-valise » supplémentaire ou concept novateur ? L’objectif de cet article est de proposer des éléments de réflexion sur la place de l’intermédiarité en géographie. Chaque géographe, notamment lorsqu’il catégorise l’espace, se retrouve confronté à l’intermédiarité, même s’il n’en utilise pas nécessairement le terme. Comment définir l’intermédiarité et pour quel(s) apport(s) disciplinaire(s) ? Cet article est une synthèse de la bibliographie existante sur le sujet, croisée à un travail de terrain mené dans les Alpes du Nord, plus précisément sur le territoire du syndicat mixte de l’avant-pays savoyard.
Théorie cellulaire, science économique et République dans l'œuvre de François-Vincent Raspail autour de 1830
Authors: Frobert Ludovic 
Published: July 2011

Résumé François-Vincent Raspail (1794-1878) fut l’un des principaux héros républicains du xix e siècle français. Son engagement politique débuta au lendemain des Trois Glorieuses de juillet 1830, Raspail jouant rapidement un rôle incontournable tant à la Société des amis du peuple qu’à la Société des droits de l’homme. Opposant politique, il fut aussi un chimiste auteur notamment d’un important Nouveau traité de chimie organique (1833) dans lequel il présentait des avancées majeures dans le domaine de la théorie cellulaire. En 1834-1835, il fondait et dirigeait le journal Le Réformateur où il allait également présenter une longue série de contributions sur la « science économique ». Cet article se propose d’étudier les relations qui se nouent alors dans la réflexion de Raspail entre chimie, idée républicaine et science économique.
Allégories réelles
Authors: Cabanès Jean-Louis , Reverzy Éléonore 
Published: July 2011

Le XIX e siècle est le siècle de l’image et de l’imagerie. Il entretient une relation complexe avec l’allégorie, qu’il récuse pour la tradition classique qu’elle inscrit et les conventions qu’elle véhicule, mais qu’il récupère pour ces mêmes conventions – qu’il les détourne par l’ironie ou les réinvente dans de nouveaux contextes, de nouveaux lieux. Le type, avatar de la personnification allégorique, est ainsi une mise en forme de la pensée en offrant une synthèse du réel. Il place l’universel face au singulier auquel il ne se réduit pas, lors même qu’il en existe une clef, un modèle. Il se fonde sur une doxa ou sur un réservoir d’images qui assure son efficacité et sa reconnaissance par le lecteur. L’allégorie sert également à figurer des instances psychiques et à concrétiser des sentiments abstraits, non sans ironie, comme c’est le cas chez Flaubert et les Goncourt.
« Je ne suis pas en train de parler d'autres choses » : l'allégorie politique dans l'œuvre poétique de Victor Hugo
Authors: Charles-Wurtz Ludmila 
Published: July 2011

Une lecture politique des Contemplations se superpose à la lecture autobiographique. Le deuil que dit le poète est celui de l’enfant noyée dans la Seine, mais aussi celui de la liberté ; car, depuis le coup d’État du 2 décembre 1851, la liberté est « couchée à terre/Comme une femme morte et qu’on vient de noyer » ( Châtiments , I, 11). On se demandera quels liens ce recueil entretient avec celui, explicitement politique, qu’est Châtiments , et comment le sens autobiographique et le sens allégorique du recueil se combinent. Si Hugo juge nécessaire de créer une allégorie politique trois ans après la publication d’un recueil explicitement politique, c’est parce que le point de vue adopté dans les deux recueils n’est pas le même : dans Les Contemplations , c’est la souffrance du sujet historique (du sujet singulier s’éprouvant comme sujet de l’Histoire), et non plus celle du sujet collectif (le peuple), qui est représentée. Ce phénomène n’est pas isolé dans les recueils postérieurs à la proscription. Le rapport qu’entretiennent L’Année terrible (1872) et L’Art d’être grand-père (1877) est analogue à celui qui lie Les Contemplations à Châtiments .
Sculpter l'indicible : crises de l'allégorie autour de 1848
Authors: Baridon Laurent 
Published: July 2011

L’allégorie sculptée envahit l’espace public comme les intérieurs de la bourgeoisie à partir du milieu du XIX e siècle. Le phénomène est paradoxal car la statuaire et l’allégorie sont l’une et l’autre déconsidérées. La crise qui les touche est d’abord esthétique. Le Romantisme promeut le symbole et Baudelaire stigmatise cet « art de Caraïbes » qu’est la sculpture. Le discrédit est aussi politique. Après avoir triomphé pendant la Révolution, la statuaire allégorique semble impuissante à incarner les idéaux républicains en 1848. Cette étude de la Fontaine Saint-Michel propose l’hypothèse que l’allégorie acquiert un fonctionnement symbolique au début du Second Empire. Érigée au cœur du nouveau Paris et sur les ruines des combats de juin 1848, elle place la cité et la nation sous la protection d’un archange victorieux du Diable, incarnation d’une république sociale, encadré des deux chimères représentant ses « faux systèmes » politiques. Suggérée par Jules Castagnary, cette interprétation ne devait pas être perçue par la foule des trottoirs. Omniprésente, l’allégorie était devenue une marchandise proliférant sur les bibelots des salons, aux devantures des boutiques ou sur les places publiques, une de ses « fantasmagories » décrites par Walter Benjamin.