bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Genetically Modified Feeds on Physico-Chemical Properties of Pork
Authors: Stadnik Joanna , Karwowska Małgorzata , Dolatowski Zbigniew , Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Kwiatek Krzysztof 
Published: November 2011

Effect of Genetically Modified Feeds on Physico-Chemical Properties of PorkThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genetically modified (GM), insect-resistant Bt maize (MON810) and the meal made of glyphosate-tolerant soybean (Roundup Ready MON40-3-2) used as the dietary components for pigs on the physico-chemical properties of meat. Forty-eight fatteners derived from Polish Landrace x Polish Large White sows mated to a Duroc x Pietrain boar were used. All animals received isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing or not containing the genetically modified components. The design of the experiment was as follows: group I (control) - non-modified soybean meal and maize; group II - GM soybean meal and non-modified maize; group III - non-modified soybean meal and GM maize; group IV - GM soybean meal and GM maize. The examination of the pH values of loin and neck muscles indicated no statistically significant differences between pigs fed diets containing non-transgenic or transgenic feeds. No statistical differences were observed for water holding capacity (WHC) within dietary treatments. The introduction of transgenic maize and soybean meal into pig diets did not significantly affect the a* colour parameter of loin as well as neck muscles. The use of transgenic maize or soybean meal did not cause significant changes in the L* colour value of loin. Results obtained for neck muscles were more differentiated, possibly due to the natural heterogeneity of this primal cut. Pigs which had consumed the transgenic diet exhibited slightly decreased lipid stability of loin, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The decrease was statistically significant only in the case of muscles from group II. The addition of feeds derived from genetically modified crops into pig diets did not significantly affect the stability of neck muscle lipids; however, TBARS values of these muscles were twice those of loin muscles.
Adipocytokines and the risk of ischemic stroke: The PRIME Study
Authors: Prugger Christof , Luc Gérald , Haas Bernadette , Arveiler Dominique , Machez Emeline , Ferrieres Jean , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Bingham Annie , Montaye Michèle , Amouyel Philippe , Yarnell John , Kee Frank , Ducimetiere Pierre , Empana Jean‐Philippe ,   on behalf of the PRIME Study Group
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:Adipocytokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue that possibly link adiposity and the risk of cardiovascular disease, but limited prospective data exist on plasma adipocytokines and ischemic stroke risk. We investigated associations and predictive properties of 4 plasma adipocytokines, namely resistin, adipsin, leptin, and total adiponectin, with regard to incident ischemic stroke in the PRIME Study.Methods:A cohort of 9,771 healthy men 50 to 59 years of age at baseline was followed up over a period of 10 years. In a nested case–control study, 95 ischemic stroke cases were matched with 190 controls on age, study center, and date of examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation increase in plasma adipocytokine levels were estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis. The additive value of adipocytokines in stroke risk prediction was evaluated by discrimination and reclassification metrics.Results:Resistin (HR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–3.03), adipsin (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.33–3.04), and total adiponectin (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01–2.34), but not leptin, were independent predictors of ischemic stroke. The performance of a traditional risk factor model predicting ischemic stroke was significantly improved by the simultaneous inclusion of resistin, adipsin, and total adiponectin (c‐statistic: 0.673 [95% CI, 0.631–0.766] vs 0.826 [95% CI, 0.792–0.892], p < 0.001; net reclassification improvement: 38.1%, p < 0.001).Interpretation:Higher plasma levels of resistin, adipsin, and total adiponectin were associated with an increased 10‐year risk of ischemic stroke among healthy middle‐aged men. Resistin, adipsin, and total adiponectin provided incremental value over traditional risk factors for the prediction of ischemic stroke risk. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Einzelmolekülanalysen mithilfe von DNA‐Origami
Authors: Rajendran Arivazhagan , Endo Masayuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, die den Nachweis und die Manipulation einzelner Moleküle ermöglichen. Ein grundlegendes Verständnis biochemischer Reaktionen wurde mit solchen Methoden ebenso erreicht wie Biomolekülfaltung und Wirkstoff‐Screenings. Einzelmolekülanalysen wurden auch in der DNA‐Nanotechnologie angewendet. Bis vor Kurzem konnten mit den verbreitetsten Verfahren Strukturen von 10 bis 20 nm erhalten werden, was allerdings für viele Anwendungen nicht ausreicht. Die aktuelle Entwicklung eines “gerüstgebundenen DNA‐Origami” ermöglicht die Konstruktion größerer definierter Anordnungen. Einer der Hauptvorteile des Origami‐Verfahrens ist die präzise Umsetzbarkeit der gewünschten Strukturen: Jeder Basenstapel kann als Anheftungspunkt verschiedener Arten von Nanoobjekten wirken. Daher ist die Methode geeignet, um verschiedene Funktionalitäten präzise zu positionieren und viele chemische und biochemische Prozesse auf Einzelmolekülebene zu untersuchen. Hier fassen wir die neuesten Erkenntnisse bei der Einzelmolekülanalyse mit DNA‐Origami zusammen und diskutieren die künftigen Aufgaben für die Forschung.
Influence of the Marangoni Effect on the Efficiency of Plate Columns for Binary Distillation
Authors: Stefanov Z. , Karaivanova M. K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe main feature of a distillation process is its efficiency. The gas‐liquid bubbling layer formed on the trays and the ongoing mass‐exchange process during distillation is influenced by the change of the surface tension gradient during this mass‐exchange procedure. Binary mixtures with respect to the change of the surface tension effect can be divided into positive, negative, and neutral ones. In order to assess the effect of surface tension on mass transfer, the stabilization index quantity is applied, representing the product of the liquid phase process momentum and the surface tension gradient in the mixture of the liquid phase. One possibility to express the Marangoni efficiency enhancement ratio by experimental distillation data obtained under identical hydrodynamic conditions in two binary systems, i.e., a positive (methanol‐water) and a neutral one (methanol‐ethanol), is presented.
Deracemization of bilirubin as the marker of the chirality of micellar aggregates
Authors: Sorrenti Alessandro , Altieri Barbara , Ceccacci Francesca , Di Profio Pietro , Germani Raimondo , Giansanti Luisa , Savelli Gianfranco , Mancini Giovanna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe deracemization of bilirubin in micellar aggregates of structurally correlated chiral surfactants was studied by circular dichroism experiments and exploited as the marker of the expression of chirality of the aggregates. The obtained results suggest that the hydrophobic interactions control the transfer of chirality from the monomers to the aggregates, and that different regions of the same aggregate might feature opposite enantiorecognition capabilities. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of Chemical Vapor Infiltration and Deposition Based on 3D Images: A Local Scale Approach
Authors: Ros William , Vignoles Gérard L. , Germain Christian , Supiot Philippe , Kokkoris George 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA numerical solution for the simulation of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of ceramic matrix composites is presented. This computational model requires a 3D representation of the preform. Gas transport and chemical reaction are simulated by a Monte Carlo random walk technique. The developed algorithm can also be used for the determination of effective transport and reaction properties in a porous medium. It is firstly validated by considering the simple case of diffusion and reaction in a flat pore. Results of infiltration of an actual fiber arrangement are described and discussed. Extension to deposition on a thin substrate with asperities is also studied
A transgenic Tbx6;CreERT2 line for inducible gene manipulation in the presomitic mesoderm
Authors: Peter Lopez T. , Fan Chen‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe rhythmic segmentation process of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) orchestrates the formation of somites, the fundamental units for the vertebrate axial body plan. To aid the investigation of molecular components governing the conversion from PSM into somites, we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses a tamoxifen (tmx) inducible CreERT2 under the control of a 2.5 kb enhancer element of Tbx6, a gene essential for PSM formation and somite patterning. Combined with Cre reporters, this Tbx6;CreERT2 line displays robust tmx‐inducible Cre activity in the PSM at various embryonic stages. This tool should be useful for studying gene function during somitogenesis by either conditional inactivation or mis‐expression, and potentially coupled with cell marking. genesis 50:490–495, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Electron Transfer Properties of Carbon Spheres Chains via Electrochemical Functionalization
Authors: Hamoudi Zéhira , Mohamedi Mohamed 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElectrochemical functionalization via electrochemical oxidation in nitric acid of various concentrations (0.1 M, 0.2 M and 2 M) was employed to enrich the surface of carbon sphere chains (CSCs) with some useful physico‐chemical properties such as hydrophilicity, oxygen functionalities and electron transfer properties. The functionalization process in 2 M HNO3 solution led to the creation of an original hybrid material made of carbon sphere chains‐carbon nanobuds. This material displayed a prominent response towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of ferrocyanide with a peak current three times and twice superior to those delivered by pristine CSC and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrodes, respectively.
Coastal profile response to sea level rise: a process‐based approach
Authors: Aagaard Troels , Sørensen Per 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPrevailing ideas and calculations of coastal response to sea level rise (SLR) are often based on the Bruun model (Bruun P., Sea‐level rise as a cause of shore erosion, Journal Waterways Harbors Division, ASCE 88: 117–130, 1962) that predicts upward and landward transfer of an equilibrium profile during SLR through offshore sediment transport on the shoreface. The model is based on a number of assumptions of questionable validity as well as outdated concepts on how sediment is transported across the shoreface. This contribution takes a numerical modelling approach that is based on first‐order processes contributing to the movement of sediment across the shoreface. Using a wave transformation model that predicts hydrodynamic processes driving cross‐shore sediment transport and an energetics‐based model for the coupling between hydrodynamics and sediment transport, we show that cross‐shore sediment transport is mainly onshore directed at the boundary between the lower and the upper shoreface, in agreement with the model proposed by Davidson‐Arnott (Conceptual model of the effects of sea level rise on sandy coasts, Journal of Coastal Research 21: 1166–1172, 2005). The transition from onshore to offshore directed transport is located well within the surf zone and with a rising sea level this transition point becomes displaced landward and upward. Tests also show that substrate slope is of fundamental importance to the manner in which beaches react to rising sea level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxicity of dental resin composites: an in vitro evaluation
Authors: Ausiello Pietro , Cassese Angela , Miele Claudia , Beguinot Francesco , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Di Jeso Bruno , Ulianich Luca 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTResin‐based dental restorative materials release residual monomers that may affect the vitality of pulp cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of two light‐cured restorative materials with and without bis‐GMA resin, respectively (Clearfil Majesty Posterior and Clearfil Majesty Flow) and a self‐curing one (Clearfil DC Core Automix) when applied to the fibroblast cell line NIH‐3T3. Samples of the materials were light‐cured and placed directly in contact to cells for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by measuring cell death by flow cytometry, cell proliferation by proliferation curves analysis and morphological changes by optical microscopy analysis. All the composite materials tested caused a decrease in cell proliferation, albeit at different degrees. However, only Clearfil DC Core Automix induced cell death, very likely by increasing apoptosis. Morphological alteration of treated cells was also evident, particularly in the Clearfil DC Core Automix‐treated cells. The different cytotoxic effects of dental composites should be considered when selecting an appropriate resin‐based dental restorative material for operative restorations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The densification mechanism of hydroxyapatite particles during spray pyrolysis with variable carrier gas rates of flow
Authors: Cho Jung Sang , Rhee Sang‐Hoon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe densification mechanism of hydroxyapatite particles during spray pyrolysis with varying carrier gas flow rates was investigated. A calcium phosphate solution with a Ca/P ratio of 1.67 was prepared by dissolving calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate in deionized water followed by the addition of nitric acid. Hydroxyapatite particles were then synthesized by spray pyrolysis at 1500°C with carrier gas flow rates of 10, 30, and 50 L/min, respectively. The lower the carrier gas flow rate, the smaller and denser the as‐prepared hydroxyapatite particles. Consequently, the lower flow rates produced particles with higher sinterability at 1100°C. The results can be explained in terms of the nucleation and growth mechanism based on the degree of supersaturation of hydroxyapatite in a droplet, which was dependent on the evaporating speed of nitric acid and water. The practical implication of these results is that highly sinterable hydroxyapatite powders can be synthesized via spray pyrolysis by reducing the carrier gas flow rate in a fixed temperature environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 100B: 493–500, 2012.
Chitosan/Fucoidan pH Sensitive Nanoparticles for Oral Delivery System
Authors: Huang Yi‐Cheng , Lam U‐Ian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA rationally designed oral delivery carrier must overcome various significant barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract prior to delivery to the bloodstream. One of these barriers is the low pH of the gastric medium in the stomach. The aim of this study is to create pH‐sensitive nanoparticles for oral drug delivery to protect drugs from deterioration. The nanoparticles were prepared by the positively charged chitosan (CS) and negatively charged fucoidan (F) through the ionic‐gelation method. The structures of CS/F nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicated that the CS/F nanoparticles were ionized to a diameter of 200‐300 nm at a pH of 1.2. The CS/F nanoparticles became larger and unstable as the pH increased. Curcumin (Cur), an antitumor drug, is encapsulated in CS/F NPs for in vitro release study. The encapsulated Cur was sustained released as the pH increased, especially when the weight ratio of chitosan to fucoidan was 1:1. According to the results mentioned above, CS/F nanoparticles are effective pH‐sensitive carriers, and they have a great potential application in an oral delivery system.
Nimodipine accelerates reinnervation of denervated rat thyroarytenoid muscle following nerve‐muscle pedicle implantation
Authors: Nishimoto Kohei , Kumai Yoshihiko , Minoda Ryosei , Yumoto Eiji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether nimodipine, an L‐type voltage‐operated calcium channel antagonist that is an accelerator of axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury, can expedite reinnervation of denervated rat thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle following nerve‐muscle pedicle (NMP) flap implantation.Study Design:A quantitative histologic and physiologic assessment of the TA muscle following NMP flap implantation, with or without nimodipine treatment.Methods:Using 72 Wistar rats, we performed a transection on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, followed by NMP flap implantation. Thirty‐six animals received nimodipine treatment (NIMO [+] group), and the remaining 36 animals received no nimodipine treatment (NIMO [−] group). As a control, 18 animals were subjected only to transection of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. We performed a histologic assessment for muscle area, axon, nerve terminals (NTs), and acetylcholine receptors (AchRs) in the TA muscle and electromyography at 2, 4, and 10 weeks after surgery.Results:Muscle area, ratio of the number of NTs to that of AchRs (NT/AchR ratio), and evoked action potential in the TA muscle were significantly greater in the NIMO (+) group than in the NIMO (−) group (P < .05) at 4 weeks. At 10 weeks, the NT/AchR ratio was significantly greater in the NIMO (+) group than in the NIMO (−) group (P < .05).Conclusions:We found that nimodipine accelerated reinnervation of the denervated TA muscle following NMP flap implantation.
Enhanced Performance of Organic Photovoltaic Cells Fabricated with a Methyl Thiophene‐3‐Carboxylate‐Containing Alternating Conjugated Copolymer
Authors: Cho Min Ju , Seo Jangwon , Kim Kyung Hwan , Choi Dong Hoon , Prasad Paras N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new donor‐acceptor copolymer, containing benzodithiophene (BDT) and methyl thiophene‐3‐carboxylate (3MT) units, is designed and synthesized for polymer solar cells (PSCs). The 3MT unit is used as an electron acceptor unit in this copolymer to provide a lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level for obtaining polymer solar cells with a higher open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The resulting bulk heterojunction PSC made of the copolymer and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 4.52%, a short circuit current (JSC) of 10.5 mA·cm‐2, and a VOC of 0.86 V.
Block Copolymers From Living Emulsion Polymerization: Reactor Operating Strategies and Blocking Efficiency
Authors: Altarawneh Ibrahem S. , Gomes Vincent G. , Srour Mourtada H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiblock copolymers are generated using xanthate‐based RAFT agents in conjunction with emulsion polymerization via stage‐wise operations. First, emulsion polymerization is conducted for styrene, methyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate monomers to obtain polymers of specified molar mass. At the second stage, polymers undergo chain extension to produce block copolymers. Linear growth of molecular weight with respect to conversion establishes the living characteristics of the process. Under batch conditions, partly homopolymers are produced. Semi‐batch operation produces copolymers of higher purity with low polydispersity. The choice of blocking sequence is crucial for reducing the influence of the terminated chains on the distribution sequence of copolymers produced.magnified image
Exact approaches to the single‐source network loading problem
Authors: Ljubić Ivana , Putz Peter , Salazar‐González Juan‐José 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article considers the network design problem that searches for a minimum‐cost way of installing capacities on the edges of a network to simultaneously route a flow from a given access point to a subset of nodes representing customers with positive demands. We first consider compact and exponential‐sized Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) formulations of the problem and provide their theoretical and computational comparison. We also consider a stronger disaggregated flow formulation. To solve the problem in practice, we project out the flow variables and generate Benders cuts within a branch‐and‐cut framework. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of Benders approach and this specific disaggregation has not been considered so far. In an extensive computational study, we compare the performance of compact MIP models against a textbook implementation and several normalization variants of Benders decomposition. We introduce a set of 32 real‐world instances and use these, together with 64 other instances from the literature, to test our approaches. The results show that our branch‐and‐cut approach outperforms the best performing compact formulation leading to the best exact algorithm today for solving the considered dataset. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Investigating the macropinocytic proteome of Dictyostelium amoebae by high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Journet Agnès , Klein Gérard , Brugière Sabine , Vandenbrouck Yves , Chapel Agnès , Kieffer Sylvie , Bruley Christophe , Masselon Christophe , Aubry Laurence 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a soil‐living eukaryote, which feeds on microorganisms engulfed by phagocytosis. Axenic laboratory strains have been produced that are able to use liquid growth medium internalized by macropinocytosis as the source of food. To better define the macropinocytosis process, we established the inventory of proteins associated with this pathway using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. Using a magnetic purification procedure and high‐performance LC‐MS/MS proteome analysis, a list of 2108 non‐redundant proteins was established, of which 24% featured membrane‐spanning domains. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the most abundant proteins were linked to signaling, vesicular trafficking and the cytoskeleton. The present repertoire validates our purification method and paves the way for a future proteomics approach to study the dynamics of macropinocytosis.
Regiospecific cationic polymerization of spiroorthoesters with different cyclic ether ring sizes
Authors: Hsu Ying‐Gev , Lin Wei‐Yang , Hsieh Wei‐Lun , Tsai Shung‐Yao 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSpiroorthoesters (SOEs), cis‐2,3‐tetramethylene‐1,4,6‐trioxaspiro[4,5]decane (I) and cis‐2,3‐tetramethylene‐1,4,6‐trioxaspiro[4,6]undecane (II), with different cyclic ether ring sizes were synthesized, and their stereostructure and steric energy were determined. With steric‐hindrance‐sensitized 9‐phenyl‐9,10‐dihydro‐anthracen‐10‐ylium cation as an initiator, I and II underwent regiospecific polymerization to yield trans form of stereoregular poly(ether esters)—poly(trans‐2‐oxycyclohexyl pentanoate) ([trans‐2‐OCHP]n) (III) and poly(trans‐2‐oxycyclohexyl hexanoate) ([trans‐2‐OCHH]n) (V), respectively. With SnCl4 as another initiator, I and II underwent regiospecific polymerization through different mechanisms to afford cis form poly(cis‐2‐oxycyclohexyl pentanoate) ([cis‐2‐OCHP]n) (IV) and trans form ([trans‐2‐OCHH]n) (VI) stereoregular poly(ether esters). The polymerization mechanisms of SOEs proceeded in the regiospecific manner were determined by the relationship among the sterostructures of SOEs and its subsequently formed polymers, the steric energy of monomers, and the free energy difference in the transition state of reaction. Owing to the conversion of cis substitution at C‐2 and C‐3 in I or II to the trans form during polymerization, polymers III, V, and VI exhibited a higher volume of expansion during polymerization than IV, which showed high volume shrinkage. Group contributions of divalent trans‐ and cis‐1.2‐cyclohexyl groups were derived and confirmed by measuring the densities of the corresponding stereoregular polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012