bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of chromatic sensitivity in AMD and diabetes: a comparative study
Authors: O’Neill‐Biba M. , Sivaprasad S. , Rodriguez‐Carmona M. , Wolf J. E. , Barbur J. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Abnormalities in rod and cone photoreceptor morphology have been reported in normal aging retinas in the absence of known pathology and have been taken as an indicator of susceptibility to retinal disease. Some loss of visual performance may therefore precede retinal structural changes that can be detected reliably using conventional fundus imaging techniques. Red/green (RG) and yellow/blue (YB) colour discrimination thresholds are sensitive measures of normal retinal function and poor YB discrimination is often taken as an indicator of retinal disease, though it is generally acknowledged that RG loss is also present in most cases of acquired deficiency. Although structural changes in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetes share some similarities, significant differences remain and this may result in different patterns of RG and YB loss.Aim:  The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the severity of RG and YB loss of chromatic sensitivity in patients with AMD and diabetes.Methods:  Patients with varying severity of AMD and diabetes and normal subjects of similar age were recruited for the study. RG and YB colour detection thresholds were measured in the two groups of patients and the control group, using the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test.Results:  Each AMD subject investigated showed significant, but unequal loss of YB and RG chromatic sensitivity, with YB discrimination showing the greatest loss. Diabetic subjects also exhibited reduced chromatic sensitivity, but with almost equal and highly correlated RG and YB thresholds (R2 = 0.99). The severity of colour vision loss measured with the CAD test also correlates well with a clinical classification index of disease progression in AMD, and with the level of hyperglycaemic control in diabetes.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that accurate measurements of RG and YB colour thresholds can provide a sensitive measure of functional change in diseases of the retina with patterns of loss that differ significantly in AMD and diabetes.
The Irish Agricultural Catchments Programme: catchment selection using spatial multi‐criteria decision analysis
Authors: Fealy R. M. , Buckley C. , Mechan S. , Melland A. , Mellander P. E. , Shortle G. , Wall D. , Jordan P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Nitrates Directive is a European Union legislative framework for managing agricultural nutrient transfers from land to water and, in the Republic of Ireland, is the main Programme of Measures for agriculture in the Water Framework Directive regulations. As part of the requirement for evaluating the Nitrates Directive National Action Programme and an associated derogation for intensive grassland farming, Ireland is monitoring environmental and economic effectiveness at the catchment scale. The selection of representative catchments has been undertaken using national spatial datasets in a Geographical Information System and a multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework from over 1500 possible candidates. This ranked catchments (4–12 km2) in terms of maximizing agricultural landuse and intensity, and defining areas of predominantly grassland and arable enterprises. Catchments were also ranked according to potential phosphorus and/or nitrogen transfer risk using metrics of surface and sub‐surface flow path susceptibility, respectively. A selection of four catchments has been augmented with a grassland catchment in a karst landscape that used individual MCDA data layers to define suitability. Some validation of the nutrient transfer risk from each catchment is presented from high resolution water quality data.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Issues facing home‐based medical support services
Authors: KINOSHITA Toru , HANABUSA Hiroo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe first part of the present review describes the current status of elderly people with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in the community and basic viewpoints for differentiating between different forms of dementia. Specifically, it focuses on four points among the data and research related to determining the current status of elderly people with BPSD. We also propose basic concepts for differentiating between the core symptoms of dementia and BPSD, BPSD and delirium, and agitation and delirium. In the second part of the present review, various aspects of the symptom ‘agitation’ are discussed based on the experience of our home visit medical service for people with dementia by describing two cases. In cases such as Case 1, where the subject was given high doses of antipsychotics, we believe the problem was that the physicians immediately abstracted all of the abnormal behavior in the subject's life as ‘agitation’, and provided treatment to the subject accordingly. In Case 2, where the subject had dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), we propose that it is crucial to differentiate clearly between agitation and delirium. Both of these cases show the risks of focusing treatment simply on agitation. When BPSD occurs in a person with dementia, the burden on caregivers increases. At such times, physicians tend to side with the family rather than with the patient. However, medical care is intended to be for the afflicted person, and physicians should base their plans for medical intervention on this principle.
CASE REPORT: Psychotic symptoms complicate the clinical differentiation of Parkinson's disease with major depressive disorder from dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: MIYASHITA Mitsuhiro , SASAYAMA Daimei , SUGIYAMA Nobuhiro , YASAKI Takehiko , WASHIZUKA Shinsuke , AMANO Naoji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is diagnosed clinically according to the diagnostic criteria in the Third Report of the DLB Consortium. However, psychotic symptoms, such as visual hallucinations, delusions, and stupor, may complicate the clinical diagnosis of DLB. The present study reports on a patient with Parkinson's disease that was difficult to distinguish from DLB because of the presence of various psychotic symptoms. In making a diagnosis of DLB, it is important to assess essential psychiatric features and to observe patients for any changes in these features.
An Observational Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Levetiracetam in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Mitsikostas Dimos D. , Pantes George V. , Avramidis Theodore G. , Karageorgiou Klimentini E. , Gatzonis Stylianos D. , Stathis Pantelis G. , Fili Vassiliki A. , Siatouni Anna D. , Vikelis Michail 
Published: September 2010

Objective.—To explore the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in medical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.Background.—Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are considered as first‐line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia, although their use is often limited due to incomplete efficacy and tolerability. Newer AEDs with improved safety profile may be useful in this disorder.Methods.—Patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia (either primary or secondary) refractory to previous treatments were recruited to be treated with levetiracetam (3‐4 g/day) for 16 weeks as add‐on therapy, after a 2‐week baseline period. Rescue medication was allowed in both the baseline and treatment phases. The primary efficacy measure was the number of attacks per day. The patients' efficacy evaluation, the patients' global evaluation for both safety and efficacy, changes in the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Quality of Life Measure Short Form‐36 were secondary parameters.Results.—Twenty‐three patients were included in the analysis. After treatment and compared to the baseline phase, the number of daily attacks decreased by 62.4%. All secondary parameters changed significantly with the exception of the Quality of Life Measure Short Form‐36 score. Seven patients withdrew from the study. Five patients (21.7%) reported side effects and 2 withdrew.Conclusions.—Levetiracetam may be effective and safe in trigeminal neuralgia treatment. Confirmation in a randomized controlled study is needed.(Headache2010;50:1371‐1377)
Retrospective Review of 707 Cases of Spinal Cord Stimulation: Indications and Complications
Authors: Mekhail Nagy A. , Mathews Manu , Nageeb Fady , Guirguis Maged , Mekhail Mark N. , Cheng Jianguo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAppropriate patient selection and minimizing complications are critical for successful spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy in managing intractable pain. We thus reviewed electronic medical records of 707 consecutive cases of patients who received SCS therapy in the Cleveland Clinic from 2000 to 2005 with an emphasis on indications and complications. SCS was used to treat complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (345 cases), failed back surgery syndrome (235 cases), peripheral vascular disease (20 cases), visceral pain in the chest, abdomen, and pelvis (37 cases), and peripheral neuropathy (70 cases). CRPS and failed back surgery syndrome accounted for 82% of the cases. The implant‐to‐trial ratio was 75% on average, with the highest for CRPS type 2 (83%) and the lowest for peripheral vascular diseases (65%). The only documented complication associated with SCS trials was lead migration in 5 of 707 patients (0.7%). There were no permanent neurological deficits or deaths as a result of SCS implant or its complications. Hardware‐related complications were common (38%) and included lead migration (22.6%), lead connection failure (9.5%), and lead breakage (6%). Revisions or replacements were required in these cases. Biologically related complications included pain at the generator site (12%) and clinical infection (4.5%; 2.5% with positive culture). The rates of infection varied among the different diagnoses with the highest in failed back surgery syndrome (6.3%). Patients with diabetes had an infection rate of 9%, over the 4% in non‐diabetics. Infections were managed successfully with explantation and antibiotic therapy without permanent sequela.
Law Enforcement Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Rojek Jeff , Smith Michael R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMajor disasters represent infrequent events that often require response organizations to vicariously learn from the experiences of others in order to improve their operations. A primary mechanism for such knowledge diffusion is the different practitioner and empirical journals for the organizational fields that comprise disaster response. A review of the literature for the law enforcement field, however, reveals that little attention is given to how these organizations manage actual disasters. In particular, the presentation of organizational experiences, whether through case studies or other methodologies, is very limited in the practitioner and empirical literature of this field. This represents a considerable problem for improvements of disaster response operations given that law enforcement agencies represent a key component in such efforts. The research presented in this article is an effort to fill this knowledge gap and thereby facilitate organizational learning to improve future law enforcement disaster response activities. The authors traveled to Mississippi and Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina to examine the response efforts of state and local law enforcement agencies to the storm. The findings from this research are reported here in a lessons‐learned format to inform law enforcement disaster response policy.
Contribution à une analyse juridique de la crise économique de 2008
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: September 2010

Résumé.L'implosion des marchés financiers en 2008 n'est que le symptôme d'une crise plus profonde du droit et des institutions, due à l'utopie néolibérale du «marché total»– dépolitisation «scientifique» de l'économie, déréglementation et assimilation complète du travail, de la terre et de la monnaie à des marchandises. La concurrence sans bornes fait des systèmes juridiques nationaux les objets d'un law shopping. De par leur déréglementation absolue, les marchés financiers ont été les premiers à s'effondrer, les contribuables payant l'addition. Mais les marchés des ressources naturelles et “humaines” sont aussi en danger. L'auteur plaide pour la restauration du rule of law pour en finir avec la subordination du genre humain à l'efficacitééconomique, dans l'esprit de la Déclaration de Philadelphie de 1944.
Des réponses partielles à la crise: coûts socio‐économiques et implications pour l'action publique
Authors: TORRES Raymond 
Published: September 2010

Résumé.Cet article traite des effets pervers de réactions trop partielles face à la crise. Dans un premier temps, l'accent mis sur le rôle des gouvernements – mesures budgétaires coordonnées pour stimuler l'économie, limiter les pertes d'emplois et aider les groupes vulnérables – a été efficace pour prévenir une nouvelle “grande dépression”, mais en creusant les déficits publics. Cependant, une erreur a été commise lorsque l'on a renfloué les banques sans corriger les dysfonctionnements d'un système financier à l'origine même de la crise. Les craintes quant à la réaction des marchés financiers face à l'aggravation de l'endettement public ont conduit à adopter une approche plus traditionnelle, centrée sur le marché: consolidation budgétaire, contraction du rôle des pouvoirs publics et affaiblissement de la protection sociale; au risque d'aggraver les inégalités et l'instabilitééconomique.
A legal perspective on the economic crisis of 2008
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.The 2008 global financial meltdown was the symptom of an underlying crisis in law and institutions caused by the neoliberal utopia of Total Market –“scientific” depoliticization of the economy, full commodification of labour, land and money, and all‐out competition, with even legal systems subject to “law shopping”. Financial markets were so successfully deregulated, they were the first to collapse: taxpayers are now paying the bills. But the markets for natural and “human resources” are also at risk. In the spirit of the 1944 Declaration of Philadelphia, Supiot argues, the rule of law must be reinstated to end human subordination to economic efficiency.
Ocular hypertension: 12 years' follow‐up
Authors: Giraldi J. Pecori , Repossi A. , de Benedetti G. , Cordiani B. , Paone E. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA retrospective 12‐year study on 35 patients having IOP values higher than 21 mmHg in repeated tonometric curves with no clinical glaucomatous‐type signs was carried out with the aim of discovering the incidence of the eyes which evolved towards the glaucomatous disease, to evaluate the role of the preventive therapy and to observe how reponse to the ibopamine provocation test (which assesses outflow pathway compromission) was modified with time.The data obtained showed that, in 39.13% of the eyes, there was an evolution towards the disease. The ibopamine test was positive at time “0” (study begins) in 48.14% in the evolutive eyes and in 66.66% of the eyes which remained stable, while, at time “12” (study ends), almost all of the eyes (92–95%) had become positive.The role of precociously initiated ocular hypotensive therapy concurring with the test positivity is put in evidence.
Evidence for two independent functional variants for androgenetic alopecia around the androgen receptor gene
Authors: Cobb Joanna E. , Zaloumis Sophie G. , Scurrah Katrina J. , Harrap Stephen B. , Ellis Justine A. 
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Evidence for two independent functional variants for androgenetic alopecia around the androgen receptor gene. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1026–1028.Abstract:  The gene encoding the androgen receptor (AR) is associated with male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia – AGA). In case–control and family analyses, we mapped AR and the adjacent intergenic regions. We found evidence for association with two independent loci, one upstream and previously described and the other downstream and apparently novel. The haplotype comprising these SNPs was strongly associated with AGA (P = 3.75 × 10−5) in 1195 men. We also replicated association with a recently reported non‐coding region on chromosome 20 and found that its association with AGA was less strong and independent of that of AR. Our results will help focus future efforts to further define AGA genetic risk.
Social buffering in adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Effects of stressful events in single vs. pair housing
Authors: Gilbert Margaret H. , Baker Kate C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  The purpose of this study was to test whether long‐term pair housing of male rhesus macaques ameliorated negative responses to stressful events that can occur in the course of routine husbandry or research procedures.Methods  Twelve singly housed individuals were videotaped during two potentially stressful events before and after social introduction into pairs. During each stressor, abnormal behavior and anxiety‐related behavior were quantified from videotape.Results  When visually exposed to the restraint and anesthesia of other monkeys, subjects showed significantly reduced frequencies of abnormal behavior when pair‐housed in comparison to their reactions when housed singly. Noisy and disruptive conversation between technicians standing immediately in front of the subjects’ cage did not elicit the same reduction in abnormal behavior. Neither test showed a significant difference across housing settings for anxiety‐related behaviors.Conclusions  These findings suggest that pair housing buffers adult male rhesus macaques against common stressors in the laboratory setting.
Paraffinoma
Authors: Pónyai Katinka , Marschalkó Márta , Hársing Judit , Ostorházy Eszter , Kelemen Zsolt , Nyirády Péter , Várkonyi Viktória , Kárpáti Sarolta 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe subcutaneous infiltration of liquid paraffin is still used for penile enlargement. The procedure has many complications. A late problem is the development of foreign body granulomas known as paraffinomnas. They may be necrotic and ulcerated, requiring acute, radical surgical excision.
Routine skin cancer screening in Germany: First data on the impact on health care in dermatology
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Blome Christine , Rustenbach Stephan Jeff , Reusch Michael , Radtke Marc 
Published: September 2010

Summary Background: On July 1st 2008, community skin cancer screening (cSCS) was established in routine care of the German statutory health insurances (SHI). This study aimed at gathering preliminary data on the impact of community SCS on health care provision in German dermatology practices. Patients and methods: Standardized questionnaires were sent to about 2,000 German dermatology practices. Data were analyzed descriptively and with bivariate tests. Results: In total, 693 (34.7 %) questionnaires were returned. Each practice performed an average of 354 SCS per quarter, the mean payment being €21.50. About 78 % named an increase in SCS with an average increase of 36.7 %. About 54 % of practices performed SCS under SHI payment combined with individual health services paid by the patients (“IGeL”), 38 % only as SHI and 8 % exclusively as “IGeL”. In 85 % of practices, the number of surgical procedures had increased since the start of community SCS. 40 % had an increase in drug prescriptions related to SCS. 32 % were satisfied with SCS, while 40 % were unsatisfied. 29 % would prefer SCS only as covered by SHI, 29 % only as IGeL, and 42 % in a combined fashion. 70 % regarded the quality of health care of patients with skin cancer in Germany better since the introduction of cSCS. Conclusions: Dermatologists in Germany have mainly accepted their role in providing skin cancer as standard care covered by SCS. The regulatory and economic conditions for this need further improvement.
Liposuction is an effective treatment for lipedema–results of a study with 25 patients
Authors: Rapprich Stefan , Dingler Anne , Podda Maurizio 
Published: September 2010

Summary Background: Lipedema is a painful, genetically induced abnormal deposition of subcutaneous fat in the extremities of almost exclusively women. The pathogenesis is unknown and no curative treatment is available. Conservative therapy consisting of lymphatic drainage and compression stockings is often recommended, but is only effective against the edema. Some patients show a short‐term improvement when treated in this way. The removal of the increased fat tissue of lipedema has become possible by employing advanced liposuction techniques which utilize vibrating microcannulas under tumescent local anesthesia. The effectiveness of this approach to lipedema is the subject of this study. Patients and Methods: 25 patients were examined before liposuction and six months thereafter. The survey included the measurement of the volume of the legs and several parameters of typical pain and discomfort. The parameters were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS, scale 0–10). Results: The volume of the leg was reduced by 6.99 %. Pain, as the predominant symptom in lipedema, was significantly reduced from 7.2 ± 2.2 to 2.1 ± 2.1 (p < 0.001). Quality of life as a measure of the psychological strain caused by lipedema improved from 8.7 ± 1.7 to 3.6 ± 2.5 (p < 0.001). Other parameters also showed a significant improvement and the over‐all severity score improved in all patients. Conclusion: Liposuction reduces the symptoms of lipedema significantly.
Determinants of infant feeding choices by Zambian mothers: a mixed quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: Chisenga Molly , Siame Joshua , Baisley Kathy , Kasonka Lackson , Filteau Suzanne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChoosing an infant feeding mode is complex for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected African women. We documented infant feeding choices by 811 mothers of infants aged less than 18 months enrolled in the Chilenje Infant Growth, Nutrition and Infection Study of fortified complementary or replacement foods. We also conducted 20 interviews and 4 focus group discussions among women and nurses to explore the issues in depth. Practices of most HIV‐infected women did not closely follow national or international guidelines: 26% never initiated breastfeeding, and 55% were not breastfeeding by 6 months post partum. Women of lower socio‐economic status and those not meeting criteria for safe replacement feeding were more likely to initiate breastfeeding, to continue longer and to stop at 6 months when provided with free food within the trial. Most HIV‐negative women and women of unknown HIV status continued breastfeeding into the infant's second year, indicating limited ‘spillover’ of infant feeding messages designed for HIV‐infected women into the uninfected population. Qualitative work indicated that the main factors affecting HIV‐infected women's infant feeding decisions were the cost of formula, the advice of health workers, influence of relatives, stigma and difficulties with using an exclusive feeding mode. Rapidly changing international recommendations confused both mothers and nurses. Many HIV‐infected women chose replacement feeding without meeting criteria to do this safely. Women were influenced by health workers but, for several reasons, found it difficult to follow their advice. The recently revised international HIV and infant feeding recommendations may make the counselling process simpler for health workers and makes following their advice easier for HIV‐infected women.