bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Core–Polymer Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Neoh Koon Gee , Tan Lihan , Kang En‐Tang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMagnetic core–polymer shell nanoparticles, with the core mainly in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3), offer great opportunities for applications in biomedicine. Such a configuration provides a synergistic combination of the intrinsic properties of the magnetic core with special biochemical functions, achieved through proper tailoring of the polymer shell. Active research and development efforts on the applications of such nanoparticles are ongoing in biomedical areas, such as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging to achieve increasingly high spatial resolution, down to the cellular and even molecular level; delivery vehicles of drugs to targeted organs or tumors; and as a heating mediator for cancer thermotherapy (hyperthermia). The controllability of these nanoparticles with respect to their physico‐chemical properties, biodistribution and site specificity within the physiological environment, are major challenges which need to be addressed. In this chapter we review the synthetic routes of magnetic core–polymer shell nanoparticles, with emphasis on the tailoring of the polymer shell to confer the nanoparticles with desired properties for biomedical applications.
Magnetosomes: Bacterial Biosynthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Staniland Sarah S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMagnetic Nanoparticles for Medical ApplicationsIntroductionRequirements and Specifications for Biomedical ApplicationsSafety AspectsMagnetic PropertiesParticle Size and ShapeParticle CoatingsGeneral Synthetic MethodsPrecipitationThermal DecompositionWhat Is Biomineralization? Biogenic Inorganic MaterialsMagnetosomes: Biomineralization in Magnetic BacteriaBacteria CharacterizationMagnetosome CharacterizationMagnetosome FormationProteomicsGeneticsMechanismProgress and Applications of Novel Biomedical Magnetosome MaterialsThe Future for Biomedical Magnetosomes
Approaches to Synthesis and Characterization of Spherical and Anisometric Metal Oxide Magnetic Nanomaterials
Authors: Suber Lorenza , Peddis Davide 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMagnetism in Nanostructured Metal OxidesMagnetism in Condensed MatterMagnetic Anisotropy EnergyMagnetism in Small Particles: An Experimental ApproachZero Field‐Cooled and Field‐Cooled MagnetizationThermoremanent MagnetizationMagnetic Metal OxidesSynthesis Methods for Spherical and Anisometric Iron Oxide NanomaterialsSynthesis of Spherical and Anisometric NanoparticlesMetal Salt Precipitation in WaterSol–GelMicroemulsionsAutocombustion MethodSurfactant‐Assisted Hydrothermal TreatmentSurfactant‐Assisted Ultrasound IrradiationFerrofluidsSurfactant‐Assisted DehydrationHydrophobic–Hydrophilic Phase TransferCore–Shell Spherical and Anisometric ParticlesCore–Shell Fluorescent Magnetic Iron Oxide–Silica ParticlesSynthesis of Anisometric Iron Oxide NanocapsulesMaghemite and Magnetite NanotubesSolid Nanotube TemplateSoluble Nanotube TemplateCorrelations between Synthesis and Magnetic Behavior in Iron Oxide NanomaterialsSpherical and Anisometric Iron Oxide ParticlesSpherical Magnetite (Fe3O4) NanoparticlesStable Iron Oxide Spherical Nanoparticle Dispersions (Ferrofluids)Surfactant EffectAnisometric Maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) ParticlesCore–Shell Nanoparticlesγ‐Fe2O3/Silica Core Coated with Gold NanoshellEffect of Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution on the Magnetic Properties of Magnetite/PDMSNanoparticlesNanocompositesMagnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite–Silica Nanocomposites Prepared by a Sol–Gel Autocombustion TechniqueOrdered Mesoporous γ‐Fe2O3/SiO2NanocompositesFe3O4/PolymethylmethacrylateIron Oxide Nanowires and NanotubesFe3O4NanowiresFe3O4Nanowires and γ‐Fe2O3NanotubesFe3O4and γ‐Fe2O3Tube‐in‐Tube NanostructuresConclusions and Perspectives
Approaches to the Synthesis and Characterization of Spherical and Anisotropic Magnetic Alloy Nanomaterials
Authors: Wellons Matthew S. , Lukehart Charles M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Magnetic Noble Metal Alloy Nanoparticles

Magnetic Early Transition Metal Alloy Nanoparticles

Summary and Future Perspectives
Polymer Thin Films for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Vendra Venkat K. , Wu Lin , Krishnan Sitaraman 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBiocompatible CoatingsProtein‐Repellant CoatingsPEGylated Thin FilmsNon‐PEGylated Hydrophilic Thin FilmsThin Films of Hyperbranched PolymersMultilayer Thin FilmsAntithrombogenic CoatingsSurface Chemistry and Blood CompatibilityMembrane‐Mimetic Thin FilmsHeparin‐Mimetic Thin FilmsClot‐Lyzing Thin FilmsPolyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin FilmsPolyurethane CoatingsVapor‐Deposited Thin FilmsAntimicrobial CoatingsCationic PolymersNanocomposite Polymer Thin Films Incorporating Inorganic BiocidesAntibiotic‐Conjugated Polymer Thin FilmsBiomimetic Antibacterial CoatingsThin Films Resistant to the Adhesion of Viable BacteriaCoatings for Tissue Engineering SubstratesPEGylated Thin FilmsZwitterionic Thin FilmsThin Films of Hyperbranched PolymersPolyurethane CoatingsPolysaccharide‐Based Thin FilmsPolyelectrolyte Multilayer Thin FilmsTemperature‐Responsive Polymer CoatingsElectroactive Thin FilmsOther Functional Polymer CoatingsMultilayer Thin Films for Cell EncapsulationPatterned Thin FilmsPolymer Thin Films for Drug DeliveryPolymer Thin Films for Gene DeliveryConclusions
Thin Films on Titania, and Their Applications in the Life Sciences
Authors: Brand Izabella , Nullmeier Martina 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTitanium in Contact with a BiomaterialLipid Bilayers at the Titania SurfaceFormation of Lipid Bilayers on the Titania SurfaceSpreading of Vesicles on a TiO2Surface: Comparison to a SiO2SurfaceInteractions: Lipid Molecule–Titania SurfaceStructure and Conformation of Lipid Molecules in the Bilayer on the Titania SurfaceStructure of Phosphatidylcholine on the Titania SurfaceCharacteristics of Extracellular Matrix Proteins on the Titania SurfaceCollagen Adsorption on Titania SurfacesMorphology of Collagen Adsorbed on an Oxidized Titanium SurfaceAdsorption of Collagen on a Hydroxylated Titania SurfaceMorphology and Structure of Collagen Adsorbed on a Calcified Titania SurfaceConclusionsStructure of Collagen on the Titania Surface: Theoretical PredictionsFibronectin Adsorption on the Titania SurfaceMorphology of Fibronectin Adsorbed on the Titania SurfaceFibronectin–Titania InteractionsStructure of Fibronectin Adsorbed onto the Titania SurfaceAtomic‐Scale Picture of Fibronectin Adsorbed on the Titania Surface: Theoretical PredictionsConclusionsConclusionsAcknowledgments
Preparation, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications of Nanostructured Zirconia Coatings and Films
Authors: Liu Xuanyong , Xu Ying , Chu Paul K. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Preparation and Characterization of Nano‐ZrO
2
Films

Cathodic Arc Plasma Deposition

Plasma Spraying

Sol–Gel Methods

Electrochemical Deposition

Anodic Oxidation and Micro‐Arc Oxidation

Magnetron Sputtering

Bioactivity of Nano‐ZrO
2
Coatings and Films

Cell Behavior on Nano‐ZrO
2
Coatings and Films

Applications of Nano‐ZrO
2
Films to Biosensors
Understanding and Controlling Wetting Phenomena at the Micro‐ and Nanoscales
Authors: Wang Zuankai , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Wetting and Contact Angle

Design and Creation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Design Parameters for a Robust Composite Interface

Creation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Unitary Roughness

Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Two‐Scale Roughness

Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Reentrant Structure

Impact Dynamics of Water on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Impact Dynamics on Nanostructured
MWNT
Surfaces

Impact Dynamics on Micropatterned Surfaces

Electrically Controlled Wettability Switching on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Reversible Control of Wettability Using Electrostatic Methods

Electrowetting on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Novel Strategies for Reversible Electrowetting on Rough Surfaces

Electrochemically Controlled Wetting of Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Polarity‐Dependent Wetting of Nanotube Membranes

Mechanism of Polarity‐Dependent Wetting and Transport

Potential Applications of Electrochemically Controlled Wetting and Transport

Summary and Future Perspectives

Future Perspectives

Acknowledgments
Quantum Dots for Cancer Imaging
Authors: Xiao Yan , Gao Xiugong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCancerA Primer on Cancer BiologyThe Importance of Early Cancer Detection and DiagnosisThe Role of Biomarkers in Cancer Early Detection and DiagnosisQuantum Dots: Physics and ChemistryPhotophysical Properties ofQDsQuantum Dot ChemistrySynthesisSurface PassivationWater SolubilizationBioconjugationCancer Imaging withQDsIn VitroScreening and Detection of Cancer Biomarkers Using MicroarraysIn VitroCellular Labeling of Cancer BiomarkersLabeling of Fixed Cells and TissuesLive Cell Imaging in Cancer CellsIn VivoCancer ImagingIn VivoTracking of Cancer CellsTumor Vasculature ImagingSentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Fluorescence LymphangiographyIn VivoWhole‐Body Tumor Imaging in AnimalsMultimodality Tumor ImagingDual‐FunctionalityQDsfor Cancer Imaging and TherapyQuantum Dot Cytotoxicity and Potential Safety ConcernsConcluding Remarks and Future PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Multiplexed Bioimaging Using Quantum Dots
Authors: Byers Richard , Tholouli Eleni 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Need for Novel Multiplex Imaging Systems

Quantum Dots

Optical Properties

Manufacture

Bioimaging Applications of Quantum Dots

Quantum Dot Use for Immunohistochemistry

Quantum Dot Use for
In Situ
Hybridization

Quantum Dot Use in Solid‐ and Liquid‐State Multiplex Detection Platforms

Translation to Clinical Biomarker Measurement

Quantitation

Imaging Analysis

Combinational Microscopy Methods

Clinical and Mechanistic Biological Applications

Cancer Molecular Profiling

Summary and Future Perspectives
Multiplexed Detection Using Quantum Dots
Authors: Kim Young‐Pil , Xia Zuyong , Rao Jianghong 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

In Vitro
Multiplexed Analysis Using
QDs

DNA
Hydridization

Immunoassay

Assaying the Activity of Enzymes

FRET
‐Based Protease Detection with
QDs
as the Donor

BRET
‐Based Protease Detection with
QDs
as Acceptor

Other
In Vitro
Multiplexed Detection Systems

Multiplexed Imaging Using
QDs

Multiplexed Cellular Imaging

Multiplexed Imaging in Small Animals

Summary
Imaging and Tracking of Viruses Using Quantum Dots
Authors: Joo Kye‐Il , Tai April , Wang Pin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionQuantum Dot–Biomolecule HybridsOptical Properties ofQDsFunctionalizedQDsConjugated with BiomoleculesFormation of Virus–QDNetworksDecoration of Discretely Immobilized Virus withQDsQDEncapsulation in Viral CapsidsQuantum Dots for Single Virus Tracking in Living CellsConventional Labeling for Single‐Virus Tracking in Live CellsProblems Encountered in Single‐Virus TrackingUse ofQDsfor Labeling Enveloped VirusesUse ofQDsfor Labeling Nonenveloped VirusesQuantum Dots for the Sensitive Detection of Virus and InfectionMonitoring the Progression of Viral Infection with FluorescentQDProbesThe Use of Two‐ColorQDsfor the Real‐Time Detection of Viral Particles and Viral Protein ExpressionViral Detection withpH‐SensitiveQDsin a Biological MotorConclusionsAcknowledgments
Nanomaterials for Radiation Therapy
Authors: Sheng Ke , Yang Wensha 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionA Brief Introduction to Radiation Therapy, and its LimitationsPhysical RadiosensitizersEnhanced Radiation Therapy Using HighZbut Non‐Nanoscaled MaterialsEnhanced Radiation Therapy by Gold NanoparticlesDose Enhancement of Physical RadiosensitizersRadiation Therapy Enhancement Using Nonionizing RadiationRadiation Therapy in Combination with Photodynamic Therapy Using Semiconductor Nanoparticles as the Energy MediatorPhotodynamic TherapySemiconductor Nanoparticles as the Energy Mediator for Photodynamic TherapyQuantum DotsPhotoluminescent Nanoparticles in Radiation TherapyNanobrachytherapyLiposomesNanoparticlesDendrimersNanoparticles as RadioprotectorsRadiation Dosimeters Using Semiconductor NanomaterialsConclusions
Prospects of Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Biju Vasudevanpillai , Mundayoor Sathish , Anas Abdulaziz , Ishikawa Mitsuru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBasic Principles and Challenges inPDTAdvantages of Quantum Dots forPDTSynthesis of Quantum DotsSynthesis of VisibleQDsSynthesis of Cadmium‐BasedQDsSynthesis of InPQDsSynthesis ofNIRQDsSynthesis of Core‐OnlyNIRQDsSynthesis of Core–ShellQDsSynthesis of CdTe/CdSeQDsOptical Properties of Quantum DotsAbsorption and Fluorescence PropertiesPhotostability ofQDsTwo‐Photon Absorption byQDsPreparation of Biocompatible Quantum DotsNontargeted Intracellular Delivery ofQDsPhysical Methods of Intracellular DeliveryBiochemical TechniquesNonspecific Intracellular Delivery ofQDsCell‐Penetrating Peptide‐Mediated DeliveryChitosan‐ and Liposome‐Mediated DeliveryTargeting Cancer Cells withQDsIn VitroTargeting of Cancer Cells withQDsTargeting Cancer Cells withQD–Antibody ConjugatesTargeting Cancer Cells withQD–Ligand ConjugatesIn VivoTargeting and Imaging Cancer withQDsIn VivoTargeting of Tumor Vasculature and Lymph Nodes withQDsQuantum Dots for Photodynamic Therapy of CancerQuantum Dot Alone forPDTPotentials ofQD–Photosensitizer Conjugates forPDTToxicity ofQDsConclusions
Quantum Dot–Core Silica Glass–Shell Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications
Authors: Murase Norio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionHistorical OverviewQuantum Dots and their Incorporation into Glass MatricesSingle‐Particle Spectroscopy and its Application to Biological SystemsIncorporation of Quantum Dots in Glass Beads for BioapplicationsThe Stöber MethodReverse Micelle MethodBifunctional Glass Beads Derived from the Reverse Micelle MethodComplex Structures Created in Small Glass Beads with Novel Photoluminescent PropertiesEmitting Glass Fibers Created by Self‐Assembly of the Complex Structured BeadsPreparation of Cadmium‐Free Quantum Dots With Water DispersibilitySummary and Future PerspectiveAcknowledgments
Ultrasonography for detecting enthesitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Jousse‐Joulin Sandrine , Breton Sylvain , Cangemi Claire , Fenoll Bertrand , Bressolette Luc , de Parscau Loic , Saraux Alain , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveEnthesitis is a major feature of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) but is difficult to diagnose clinically. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of ultrasonography with power Doppler (US‐PD) versus clinical examination for diagnosing enthesitis in patients with JIA and healthy controls.MethodsTwenty‐six consecutive patients with JIA and 41 healthy volunteers underwent standardized clinical and US‐PD examinations of 5 entheseal sites (proximal and distal quadricepital tendon insertions, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia). US‐PD reproducibility was evaluated. US‐PD enthesitis was defined as a PD signal at the enthesis insertion. Bursitis, erosions, and cartilage vascularization were recorded.ResultsIn the JIA group, 27 (12.5%) of the entheseal sites exhibited clinical enthesitis (distal patellar ligament in 45% of cases) and 20 (9.4%) exhibited US‐PD enthesitis (distal patellar tendon in 30%), including 10 clinically normal sites (50%). US‐PD enthesitis was found in several patients with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis. Clinical enthesitis (P < 0.0001) and HLA–B27–positive (P = 0.05) status were significantly associated with US‐PD enthesitis. Erosion and bursitis, but not tendon thickening, were associated with US‐PD enthesitis. US‐PD enthesitis was not found at any of the 410 entheseal sites in controls; grade 1 cartilage vascularization was noted at 6% of the control sites.ConclusionEnthesitis is a rare phenomenon in JIA. Clinically silent enthesitis is detected by US‐PD and can be found in JIA categories other than enthesitis‐related arthritis. Tendon thickening and cartilage vascularization can be detected in healthy controls. These findings may have implications for patient classification of the use of US‐PD.
Using the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale to screen for depression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Julian Laura J. , Gregorich Steven E. , Tonner Chris , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura , Criswell Lindsey A. , Yelin Ed , Katz Patricia P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at risk for depression would facilitate the identification and treatment of an important comorbidity conferring additional risk for poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of a brief screening measure, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), in detecting mood disorders in persons with SLE.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined 150 persons with SLE. Screening cut points were empirically derived using threshold selection methods, and receiver operating characteristic curves were estimated. The empirically derived cut points of the CES‐D were used as the screening measures and were compared to other commonly used CES‐D cut points in addition to other commonly used methods to screen for depression. Diagnoses of major depressive disorder or other mood disorders were determined using a “gold standard” structured clinical interview.ResultsOf the 150 persons with SLE, 26% of subjects met criteria for any mood disorder and 17% met criteria for major depressive disorder. Optimal threshold estimations suggested a CES‐D cut score of 24 and above, which yielded adequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting major depressive disorder (88% and 93%, respectively) and correctly classified 92% of participants. To detect the presence of any mood disorder, a cut score of 20 and above was suggested, yielding sensitivity and specificity of 87% and correctly classifying 87%.ConclusionThese results suggest the CES‐D may be a useful screening measure to identify patients at risk for depression.
Randomized comparison of a multidisciplinary team care program with usual care in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Schouffoer A. A. , Ninaber M. K. , Beaart‐van de Voorde L. J. J. , van der Giesen F. J. , de Jong Z. , Stolk J. , Voskuyl A. E. , Scherptong R. W. C. , van Laar J. M. , Schuerwegh A. J. M. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Vlieland T. P. M. Vliet 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team care program with usual outpatient care in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma).MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial comparing a 12‐week multidisciplinary team care program (1 day per week; individual treatments, group exercises, and group education) with outpatient clinic care. Outcome measures included the Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (HAMIS) test, grip strength, maximal mouth opening (MMO), 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), maximum aerobic capacity (VO2max), Checklist Individual Strength 20 (CIS‐20), SSc Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Short Form 36 (SF‐36), assessed at 0, 12, and 24 weeks. Statistical comparisons of change scores were done by analysis of covariance.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were assigned to the intervention group (mean age 53.9 years, 15 of 28 with diffuse SSc) and 25 were assigned to the control group (mean age 51.7 years, 15 of 25 with diffuse SSc). Twenty‐five patients (89%) in the intervention group completed the treatment program. At 12 weeks, there was a significantly greater improvement in grip strength (2.2 versus −1.8 kg; P = 0.001), MMO (1.4 versus −0.9 mm; P = 0.011), 6MWD (42.8 versus 3.9 meters; P = 0.021), and HAQ score (−0.18 versus 0.13; P = 0.025) in the intervention group, whereas differences for the other outcome measures did not reach significance. At 24 weeks, the effect on grip strength persisted.ConclusionIn patients with SSc, a 12‐week multidisciplinary day patient treatment program was more effective than regular outpatient care with respect to 6MWD, grip strength, MMO, and HAQ score, but not for VO2max, HAMIS test, CIS‐20, SF‐36, and visual analog scale for pain. This study provides a first step in quantifying the effect of a multidisciplinary team care program and warrants the conduct of further intervention studies.
Estimation of minimum clinically important difference for pain in fibromyalgia
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Spaeth Michael , Clauw Daniel J. , Arnold Lesley M. , Bradley Laurence A. , Russell I. Jon , Kajdasz Daniel K. , Walker Daniel J. , Chappell Amy S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for several pain measures obtained from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) for patients with fibromyalgia.MethodsData were pooled across 12‐week treatment periods from 4 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of duloxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Each study enrolled subjects with American College of Rheumatology–defined fibromyalgia who presented with moderate to severe pain. The MCIDs for the BPI average pain item score and the BPI severity score (the mean of the BPI pain scale values: right now, average, least, and worst) were estimated by anchoring against the Patient's Global Impressions of Improvement scale.ResultsThe anchor‐based MCIDs for the BPI average pain item and severity scores were 2.1 and 2.2 points, respectively. These MCIDs correspond to 32.3% and 34.2% reductions from baseline in scores.ConclusionIn these analyses, the MCIDs for several pain measures obtained from the BPI were similar (∼2 points) and corresponded to a 30–35% improvement from baseline to end point. These findings may be beneficial for use in designing clinical trials in which the BPI is used to evaluate improvements in pain severity.
Modeling the influences of pressure and velocity variations on the microwave‐induced pyrolysis of wood
Authors: Tarchini R. , Galgano A. , Di Blasi C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA detailed two‐dimensional mathematical model is studied for the unsteady heat‐and mass‐transfer equations coupled with a quasi‐steady formulation of the electromagnetic field for the microwave‐induced pyrolysis of a wood block. The aspects examined include the description of the flow field based on either the assumption of constant pressure and one‐dimensional flow velocity directed along the wood fibers or the linked two‐dimensional variation of pressure and velocity in accordance with the Darcy law and deviations from the assumptions of local thermal equilibrium between the solid and gas/vapor phase. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 52: 610–624, 2012