bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family communication about genetic risk information: Particular issues for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Plumridge Gillian , Metcalfe Alison , Coad Jane , Gill Paramjit 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOpen family communication about genetic conditions and associated risk is important to children's identity, coping and decision making. Parents however find talking to their children difficult and because of associated care needs and emotional reactions it can be particularly stressful in families affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This article reports on the findings of a group of families affected by DMD who formed part of a larger study where adult and child members of 33 families affected by one of six genetic conditions were interviewed. Parents thought they should talk to children about a genetic condition in their family and children wanted information and open discussion. In families affected by DMD clear gender differences were identified between mothers and fathers in coping and in their roles in relation to the condition. There was a particularly close bond between mothers and affected sons. For most conditions, mothers were central to giving children information but the identified issues made this problematic in families with DMD. This resulted in affected children receiving little information about their condition at all and female siblings being unlikely to receive information about their potential carrier status until they were about 16‐year old. Insight into family communication within families affected by DMD assists healthcare professionals in recognizing and meeting the particular support needs of this group of families. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and clinical characterization of patients with overlapping 10p deletions
Authors: Lindstrand Anna , Malmgren Helena , Verri Annapia , Benetti Elisa , Eriksson Maud , Nordgren Ann , Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Golovleva Irina , Schoumans Jacqueline , Blennow Elisabeth 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChromosome 10p terminal deletions have been associated with DiGeorge phenotype, and within the same genomic region haploinsufficiency of GATA3 causes the HDR syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, renal dysplasia). We have performed detailed molecular analysis of four patients with partial overlapping 10p deletions by using FISH‐mapping, array‐CGH, and custom‐designed high‐resolution oligonucleotide array. All four patients had mental retardation and speech impairment and three of them showed variable signs of HDR syndrome. In addition, two patients had autistic behaviors and had similar dysmorphic features giving them a striking physical resemblance. A review of the literature identified 10 previously published cases with similar 10p deletions and reliable molecular or molecular cytogenetic mapping data. The combined information of present and previous cases suggests that partial deletions of 10p14‐p15 represent a syndrome with a distinct and more severe phenotype than previously assumed. The main characteristics include severe mental retardation, language impairment, autistic behavior, and characteristic clinical features. A critical region involved in mental retardation and speech impairment is defined within 1.6 Mb in 10p15.3. In addition, deletion of 4.3 Mb within 10p14 is associated with autism and characteristic clinical findings. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The DRD4 receptor Exon 3 VNTR and 5′ SNP variants and mRNA expression in human post‐mortem brain tissue
Authors: Simpson Jennifer , Vetuz Glenn , Wilson Mathew , Brookes Keeley J. , Kent Lindsey 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGenetic variation within the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders and behavioral traits. This variation includes the extensively studied exon 3 variably numbered tandem repeat (VNTR), and several 5′ polymorphisms including a120‐bp duplication and two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms at −521 C/T (rs1800955) and −616 C/G (rs747302). Several reports have provided evidence for a functional role for some of these variants using in vitro techniques. This study investigated the functionality of these polymorphisms in 28 human post‐mortem brain tissue samples by quantifying DRD4 mRNA expression in relation to genotype. No statistically significant relationship between genotype and mRNA expression levels was found for these four polymorphisms although a weak trend toward the 7‐repeat of the exon 3 VNTR reducing DRD4 mRNA expression was found. Employing post‐mortem brain tissue, rather than using in vitro techniques may provide a more relevant paradigm to study functional effects of reported risk alleles. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TEOS–colloidal silica–PDMS‐OH hybrid formulation used for stone consolidation
Authors: Salazar‐Hernández Carmen , Alquiza María Jesús Puy , Salgado Patricia , Cervantes Jorge 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe consolidation of materials concept, which consists of introducing a chemical substance (consolidant) into degraded stone, has been applied to architectural conservation. Silicon compounds such as tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) are frequently used as a base for commercial consolidant formulations due to their ability to form a siloxane polymer such as SiO2. However, the silica xerogels deposited into the stone show poor performance and the gels obtained are non‐porous and tend to crack during the drying stage. In order to avoid the fractures and to improve gel properties, we propose the synthesis of a hybrid consolidant based on TEOS and fillers such as colloidal silica (200 nm in diameter) and hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS‐OH). Both additives enhance gel properties such as porosity and elasticity, leading to the formation of non‐fractured and permeable gels. Characterization of the hybrid xerogel was carried out by nitrogen adsorption and 29Si MAS‐NMR. The properties of the hybrid xerogels were compared with those prepared from a formulation based on TEOS (T‐ME) with a composition similar to a commercial product. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid consolidant, it was applied to tuff‐stone of historical monuments in the city of Guanajuato, Mexico. The tuff‐stone was also treated with the formulation T‐ME. Both treatments were studied by determining the percentage of consolidant deposited, evaluating changes in porosity and hardness of the treated stone. The applicability of the hybrid consolidant for the decayed tuff‐stone is under study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of a phenolic resin nanocomposite by in situ formation of silsesquioxanes from a molecular precursor
Authors: Schütz Michael R. , Sattler Katrin , Deeken Stefan , Klein Otto , Adasch Volker , Liebscher Christian H. , Glatzel Uwe , Senker Jürgen , Breu Josef 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSilsesquioxanes are formed in situ during mixing and curing of a phenolic resin and a molecular silane precursor (3‐(triethoxysilyl)‐1‐propaneamine) yielding a nanocomposite. As indicated by a higher onset temperature, a higher characteristic decomposition temperature, and a lower maximum heat flow, the thermal stability of the nanocomposite is significantly improved over the pristine resin. Moreover, the bending strength and the strain at break could also be enhanced by 36% and 51%, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by 29Si solid‐state NMR, STEM/EDS, TGA, DSC, and three point bending tests. The STEM/EDS measurements showed a homogenous distribution of silsesquioxanes in the phenolic resin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Amino derivatives of PEEK‐WC
Authors: Trotta Francesco , Drioli Enrico , Luda Maria Paola , Musso Simone , Martina Katia , Mio Simona Ceresa 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthetic procedure and the characterization of the new amino derivatives of poly(oxa‐p‐phenylene‐3,3‐phtalido‐p‐phenylene‐oxa‐p‐phenilene‐oxy‐phenylene) (PEEK‐WC) with various average degrees of substitution, is reported. The amino PEEK‐WC was extensively characterised by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy, Elemental analyses, NMR, and viscosity measurements. The amino PEEK‐WC shows different solubility in some solvents in comparison with the parent polymer, good thermal stability and is able to form membrane by means of the phase inversion technique. Amino PEEK‐WC results to be quite reactive and can lead to further modification. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Dyeing behaviors of ionic liquid treated wool
Authors: Yuan Jiugang , Wang Qiang , Fan Xuerong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, a new class of “green” solvent—ionic liquid (IL) was employed to improve the dyeability of wool. The physical and chemical properties of the IL‐treated wool, such as surface morphology, wettability, and tensile strength were first analyzed, and then the dyeing properties of IL‐treated wool were investigated in terms of dyeing rate, dyeing exhaustion at equilibrium, color depth, and color fastnesses. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed eroded marks on IL‐treated wool fiber surfaces. The water contact angle of the fabric treated with IL at 100°C decreased from 118.6° to 106.4°. The tensile strength of IL‐treated wool fibers was slightly decreased when the treating temperature was less than 100°C. Dyeing kinetics experiments revealed that the IL treatments greatly increased initial dyeing rate, shortened half‐dyeing time, and time to reach dyeing equilibrium. The final exhaustion and color depth of IL‐treated wool were also increased accompanying with slightly decreased color fastness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Polymer processing and characterization of LLDPE films loaded with α‐tocopherol, quercetin, and their cyclodextrin inclusion complexes
Authors: Koontz John L. , Marcy Joseph E. , O'Keefe Sean F. , Duncan Susan E. , Long Timothy E. , Moffitt Ronald D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNatural antioxidant additives were compounded into linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) using a twin‐screw counter‐rotating mixer and compression molded into films. Manufactured LLDPE films contained 2715 mg kg−1 α‐tocopherol in its free and β‐cyclodextrin complexed form and 1950 mg kg−1 quercetin in its free and γ‐cyclodextrin complexed form. Both cyclodextrin complexes were loaded into films at 1.5% by weight. These natural antioxidants were incorporated into LLDPE resins with two different catalyst types, Ziegler‐Natta and metallocene. Films were characterized by optical microscopy, oxidation induction time (OIT), oxygen transmission rate, contact angle analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). All antioxidant additives increased the oxidative stability of LLDPE as measured by increased OIT, particularly quercetin. Natural antioxidants and their cyclodextrin inclusion complexes may provide a dual function in packaging to protect the polymer from oxidative degradation during melt processing and to delay the onset of oxidation of the packaged food during storage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Membranes based on polyimide–polyaniline nanocomposites for pervaporation of organic mixtures
Authors: Polotskaya G. A. , Meleshko T. K. , Sushchenko I. G. , Yakimansky A. V. , Pulyalina A. Yu. , Toikka A. M. , Pientka Z. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPolyimide–polyaniline nanocomposites were obtained by mixing poly{[4,4′‐bis(4″‐N‐phenoxy)diphenylsulfone]imide‐1,3‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene} (PI) and polyaniline (PANI) solutions in N‐methylpyrrolidone. These solutions were used for the preparation of homogeneous and composite membranes. Uniform distribution of PANI particles in the membranes, resulted from interactions between macromolecules, was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Membranes based on PI and PI–PANI were tested in pervaporation of binary organic mixtures: methanol/toluene and methanol/cyclohexane and showed a remarkable selectivity with respect to methanol. In both pervaporation processes, selectivity was improved in PANI‐containing membranes. Interactions between membrane polymers and liquid penetrants (methanol, toluene, and cyclohexane) were studied by measurements of surface tension, sorption, and pervaporation parameters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Studies on conductivity of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber/LiClO4 composite and its modification by adding epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ren Wentan , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes based on acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) and LiClO4 were prepared and their conductivity was evaluated. The effect of nitrile group CN/LiClO4 mole ratio on the conductivity was investigated. The maximum conductivity of 1.21 × 10−4 S cm−1 (20°C) was achieved in the NBR/LiClO4 composite at the CN/LiClO4 mole ratio of 1/2.5, which was in accordance with the strongest coordination between CN and Li+ indicated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry measurement. The conductivity was further increased by two to three times when 30 phr epoxy resin was introduced into NBR, and the conductivity could retain around the maximum value with the CN/LiClO4 mole ratio ranged from 1/2.5 to 1/3.5, while the conductivity of NBR/LiClO4 composite existed a decrease in the same range. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization showed that epoxy resin significantly improved the dispersion of LiClO4, leading to better surface smoothness of NBR/epoxy resin/LiClO4 composite film and contributing to the increase of ionic conductivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electroresponsive behavior of a sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel and its application to electrodriven artificial fish
Authors: Yang Shiwen , Liu Genqi , Wang Xiaoqiang , Song Jinyue 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel was prepared by the sulfonation of a semicarbonized poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with concentrated sulfuric acid, and its swelling properties, mechanical properties, and electroresponsive behavior in Na2SO4 solutions were studied. The results indicated that the hydrogel had a sandwich‐type structure, and this was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The water take‐up ability of the hydrogel decreased with the ionic strength of the Na2SO4 solution increasing. Young's modulus, the elongation at break, and the tensile strength of the hydrogel swollen in deionized water were 1.36 MPa, 165%, and 2.93 MPa, respectively. The hydrogel swollen in an Na2SO4 solution bent toward the cathode under noncontact direct‐current electric fields, and its bending speed and equilibrium strain increased with the applied voltage increasing. There was a critical ionic strength of 0.03 at which the maximum equilibrium strain of the hydrogel occurred. With cyclical changes in the direction of the applied potential, the hydrogel exhibited good reversible bending behavior. On this basis, an artificial fish was designed. Under a cyclically varying electric field (the period was 2 s, and the voltage ranged from −15 to 15 V), the swimming speed of the artificial fish could reach 9.6 cm/min in an Na2SO4 solution with an ionic strength of 0.03. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
A molecularly imprinted polymer via a salicylaldiminato‐based cobalt(III) complex: A highly selective solid‐phase extractant for anionic reactive dyes
Authors: Abu‐Surrah Adnan S. , Al‐Degs Yahya S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on tert‐butyl acrylate (MIP‐BA) was fabricated with the assistance of a cobalt(III)‐based catalyst bearing an N‐salicylidene isopropylamine ligand [(SPA)2CoCl]. After initiation with methyl aluminoxane, the catalyst system was found to be active toward the polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (t‐BA) in the presence of a polar template (Cibacron reactive red dye) and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinker. Polymerization experiments, including those of t‐BA, t‐BA, and DVB and t‐BA and dye, were also carried out. Isolated blank polymers and MIP‐BA were analyzed with a variety of techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. In general, the complex showed moderate polymerization activity and produced high‐molar‐mass poly(tert‐butyl acrylate); however, a decrease in the monomer conversion was observed upon the addition of the dye and/or the crosslinker. The effect of imprinting was obvious when the adsorption capacity of MIP‐BA measured at pH 6 for red dye (the imprinted molecule) was increased from 9.2 to 90.4 mg/g after imprinting. Competitive adsorption studies revealed that the dye‐imprinted polymer enabled the efficient uptake of red dye, even in the presence of blue and yellow dyes that had similar chemical structures to the imprinted molecule. The selectivity coefficients were 43 and 36 with respect to the blue and yellow dyes, respectively. The proposed polymerization procedure could be extended to other anionic polar reactive dyes and polar reactive polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Structure, mechanical properties, and gas permeability of elastomers based on polybutadiene and epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Xiaomo , Ji Shi , Quan Yiwu , Chen Qingmin , Chang Pengshan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, the structure, gas permeability, and mechanical properties of new elastomers based on liquid polybutadiene and epoxy resin were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, stress–strain analysis, and water‐resistance and gas permeability tests. The results reveal that there was complete phase separation between the epoxy resin and polybutadiene. With increasing epoxy resin content, the glass‐transition temperature of the soft segment varied little. These elastomers had tensile strengths of 6–10 MPa and ultimate elongations of 500–100% according to the different epoxy resin contents. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that these elastomers had better thermal stability, with a 5% weight loss at a temperature of around 350°C. The gas permeabilities of these elastomers were measured to be 13.2–15.3 barrers for oxygen, 4.8–5.3 barrers for nitrogen, and 28–35 barrers for carbon dioxide at 23°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of the radiation grafting conditions on the cross‐sectional distribution of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) grafted polymer onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) films
Authors: Fei Geng , Kang Sung‐A , Ko Beom‐Seok , Lee Youn‐Sik , Chang Nho Young , Shin Junhwa 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPoly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC)‐grafted poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were prepared as precursors for ion‐exchange membranes with a radiation grafting technique. A scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX) instrument was used to investigate the effects of the radiation grafting conditions on the distribution profiles of the grafts in the FEP‐g‐PVBC films because the properties of the ion‐exchange membranes were largely affected not only by the degree of grafting (DOG) but also by the distribution of the graft chain. These results indicate that the distribution profile of the grafts largely depended on the grafting parameters, such as the solvent, monomer concentration, film thickness, and irradiation dose. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Glass‐transition and gas‐transport characteristics of polymer nanocomposites based on crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Comer Anthony C. , Kalika Douglass S. , Kusuma Victor A. , Freeman Benny D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe glass‐transition and gas‐transport properties of rubbery polymer nanocomposites based on crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) and metal oxide nanoparticles were studied. Nanocomposite samples were prepared by the UV photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (n ∼ 14) in the presence of magnesium oxide or silica nanoparticles. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were investigated with dynamic mechanical and dielectric spectroscopy methods. The inclusion of nanoparticles in the crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate network led to a systematic increase in rubbery modulus and a modest positive offset (∼6°C) in the measured glass‐transition temperature for both systems. Bulk density measurements indicated only minimal void volume fraction in the composites, and CO2 and light gas permeability decreased with particle loading; for example, the CO2 infinite dilution permeability at 35°C decreased from 106 barrer in the unfilled polymer to 55 barrer in a nanocomposite containing 30 wt % magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The inclusion of toluene diluent in the prepolymerization mixtures produced a limited enhancement in sample permeability, but the sizeable increases in gas transport with particle loading reported for certain other rubbery nanocomposite systems were not realized in the crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and properties of organic–inorganic hybrid composites based on polystyrene and an incompletely condensed polyvinylsilsesquioxane oligomer
Authors: Dai Zhen , Zhao Ning , Fan Haosen , Zhang Liang , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Jian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn incompletely condensed polyvinylsilsesquioxane (PVSQ) oligomer containing abundant silanol groups was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Polystyrene/polyvinylsilsesquioxane (PS/PVSQ) hybrid composites were prepared by an in situ bulk polymerization. The hybrid composites showed higher Tg, Td, and char yield than PS homopolymer and without mechanical loss. The improvements in the properties of PS/PVSQ hybrid composites can be ascribed to the crosslinking function of PVSQ by silanol condensation in later processing. The hybrids showed different morphology from discrete microstructure to continuous network depending on the concentration of PVSQ. Because of the surface enrichment, a PVSQ protection layer was formed, which made the hybrid surface more hydrophobic. The structure and the reaction mechanism of PS/PVSQ hybrid composites were also investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Investigation of the effect of delayed reflux on PVC grain properties produced by suspension polymerization
Authors: Etesami N. , Nasr Esfahany M. , Bagheri R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effects of the condenser operation on properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles produced by suspension polymerization process were investigated in a pilot scale reactor. It was observed that delaying reflux operation increased the cold plasticizer absorption of the final resin. Both bulk density and K‐value of the PVC powder decreased by increasing time delay in the reflux operation. It was also found that commencement of refluxing before 20% conversion resulted in bimodal particle size distribution (PSD), while monomodal PSD was obtained for longer delays in refluxing. SEM micrographs showed that surface of produced particles were rough and smooth when reflux started before and after 20% conversion, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010