bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Time Press, Stimulus, and Creative Prompt Influence the Divergent Production of Undergraduate Students? Yes, Yes, and No, Not Very Much
Authors: MORSE DAVID T. , MORSE LINDA W. , JOHNS GREGG A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study examined the influence of time press, specific stimulus, and type of creativity prompt on fluency and flexibility scores of 75 undergraduates randomly assigned to condition. Three stimuli were administered, in three time allotments (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 min), counterbalanced with three types of prompt intended to elicit higher fluency, flexibility, or originality scores. Dependent variables were fluency and flexibility scores.The results suggest that time press has a strong, and typically linear influence on both fluency and flexibility scores. When scores were adjusted by time allowed, a significant difference across stimuli was observed for flexibility, but not for fluency scores. Prompts had very small and nonsignificant effects. Performance did not differ for groups exposed to longer/shorter vs. shorter/longer time patterns on successive tasks.
The Creative Product and Process in Computer‐Mediated Groups
Authors: KRISTENSSON PER , NORLANDER TORSTEN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of information technology on the creative performance in small groups were examined. An experimental 3 × 2 design was used in order to assess the effects of Group Communication Support System (GCSS) and perceived usefulness on the creative product and the creative process. A chat, a video conference and a face‐to‐face group were compared. The consensual technique was used to obtain measurements of creativity. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that the face‐to‐face group evoked more creative results than the other two. The more real life‐like the conditions were the better fluency of ideas. The video conference group scored significantly lower on incubation in the creative process. No effects were found concerning the participants' perceived usefulness. Participants in the face‐to‐face group reported themselves to be more satisfied with both their product and process than the participants in the computer‐mediated groups. The study suggests that the measurement of both the creative product and the creative process can contribute to the research on how GCSS affects creative performance.
The Creative Imperative Model: A Four‐Quadrant Approach to the Categorization of Industries and Firms by Types of Creativity Demanded
Authors: WISE TIMOTHY D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTOrganizational creativity, in the model that follows, is subcategorized according to the type of creativity demanded by the industry in which a firm competes. Industries that demand the constant creation of new products are referred to as creativity‐centered while others, which benefit from creative refinements to current services, are referred to as creativity‐enhanced. Creativity is further subcategorized according to whether a given industry or market demands aesthetic or technological creativity. The two dimensions are combined in a four‐quadrant model yielding four types of firms described as Technical Artists, Artists, Inventors, and, more broadly, Distributors and Adaptors. Implications for organizational structure and inter‐organizational relationships are then discussed.
Celebrating 50 years of Reflective Practice: Versions of Creative Problem Solving
Authors: ISAKSEN SCOTT G. , TREFFINGER DONALD J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe original work of Alex Osborn making the creative process more explicit, and the following 50 years of research and development on creative problem solving, have made an important and wide‐spread contribution to those interested in the deliberate development of creative talent. This article provided a summary of the many versions of creative problem solving and the key scholarly issues underpinning their development for one main group of collaborators. Future research and development needs were also identified.
Seventh Graders' Academic Achievement, Creativity, and Ability to Construct a Cross‐domain Concept Map — A Brain Function Perspective
Authors: YEH YU‐CHU 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study proposes an interactive model ofcross‐domainconcept mapping with an emphasis on brain functions, and it further investigates the relationships between academic achievement, creative thinking, and cross‐domain concept mapping. Sixty‐nine seventh graders participated in this study which employed two 50–minute instructional sessions. The findings suggest that (a) the seventh graders may lack the awareness or ability to integrate knowledge and make connections between their learning and life experiences; (b) creative thinking, academic learning and concept mapping share similar capacities; and (c) cross‐domain concept mapping, which fosters cross‐domain information integration and connections between learning and life experiences, can be an efficient mental tool in understanding a student's creative thinking and academic learning.
Defining and Assessing Problem‐Solving Style: Design and Development of a New Tool
Authors: SELBY EDWIN C. , TREFFINGER DONALD J. , ISAKSEN SCOTT G. , LAUER KENNETH J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVIEW: An Assessment of Problem Solving Style (Selby, Treffinger, & Isaksen, 2002) is a new instrument for assessing problem‐solving style, for use with individuals from ages 12 through adult. It measures three dimensions of style relating to creative problem solving and change management. In this article, we discuss the construction of the instrument, the initial evidence supporting the instrument's reliability and validity, and a very brief overview of the instrument's foundations. Our reliability data involve both stability and internal consistency. We report evidence for the criterion‐related validity, based on correlational studies with relevant measures of learning style, cognitive style, and psychological type. We also conducted principal components factor analyses that support our three‐factor structure. Researchers and practitioners studying and applying Creative Problem Solving and change management methods can use VIEW in several ways. Finally, we identify several research directions that will contribute to the refinement and development of the instrument as well as to a better understanding of the “problem‐solving style” construct.
Creativity, Mood Disorders, and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: GUASTELLO STEPHEN J. , GUASTELLO DENISE D. , HANSON CASEY A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe study addressed two findings in the creativity literature that show, on the one hand, that bipolar disorder and other clinical dysfunctions are overrepresented among eminently creative people, and that positive affect is positively associated with creativity. The central hypothesis of the study was that emotional intelligence could be an intervening variable between clinical conditions and creative production. A sample of 412 undergraduates completed a wide range of divergent thinking and creative production measures, and the Emotional Intelligence Scale; 11 percent of the sample reported that they had completed treatment for mood disorder and 5 percent report that they were currently in treatment. A combination of regression and ANOVA analyses revealed: The link between mood disorders and creative production persisted after emotional intelligence was statistically removed; the same was true for ideational fluency and flexibility of cognitive style. The link between emotional intelligence and creative production persisted after the effect of clinical disorders was removed. Ideational fluency and emotional intelligence were higher among people who completed treatment compared to people in treatment. The tentative interpretation is that emotional intelligence serves as a counterweight against mood disorders in enhancing creative production.
Enhancement of Creativity through a One‐Semester Course in University
Authors: CHEUNG CHAU‐KIU , ROSKAMS TIMOTHY , FISHER DEAN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWith the increasing interest by Asian countries in developing a more creative workforce through the education system, many universities have introduced courses that aim to enhance the creativity of their students. Students also perceive a need for increased creativity. However, there is some debate about whether short‐term creativity training is effective at university level. This study examines the effect of a short (one‐semester) course, which included elements of creativity training and practice, at a Hong Kong university. Training in creativity techniques for part of the semester led to increases in two key aspects of creative ability as measured by standard creativity tests conducted outside the classroom: verbal creativity increased compared with a control group, and drawing creativity also increased. Students enjoyed the course, felt it was useful and rated themselves as more creative after the course. Short‐term out‐of‐discipline training courses in creative thinking have a number of other benefits, demonstrably for learning strategies, in addition to an increase in creative abilities.
Creative Justice? The Relationship between Prospective Teachers' Prior Schooling Experiences and Perceived Importance of Promoting Student Creativity
Authors: BEGHETTO RONALD A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProspective teachers (N = 117) enrolled in an introductory educational psychology course completed questions measuring their perceptions of past schooling experiences, current views regarding the importance of promoting student creativity, and their perceived ability to promote creativity. Statistically significant differences were found between the low importance and high importance groups. Prospective teachers who viewed promoting creativity of students as highly important were significantly less likely to indicate that they enjoyed school. In addition, prospective teachers in the high importance group indicated significantly lower levels of experiencing belongingness (relatedness) and significantly lower self‐judgments of their past ability to be successful in school (competence). Judgments regarding the choices afforded in school (autonomy) were mixed, but favored prospective teachers who placed less importance on promoting student creativity. Finally, prospective teachers who viewed promoting student creativity as highly important were significantly more likely to indicate that they had the ability to promote student creativity. A creative‐justice hypothesis was derived from these results. This hypothesis posits that individuals committed to promoting creativity are driven by their own past experiences with creativity diminishing environments. These individuals then seek out opportunities to transform the experiences of new inhabitants in similar environments.
The Optimal Age to Start a Revolution
Authors: DIETRICH ARNE , SRINIVASAN NARAYANAN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPrevious research on the relationship between age and creativity has shown that career age, rather than chronological age, correlates best with longitudinal changes in creative productivity. Recently, Dietrich (2004) proposed a new theoretical framework that integrates cognitive neuroscience with the findings of creativity research. By identifying distinct neural mechanisms that might underlie different types of creative mentation, this framework makes empirically testable predictions about the relationship between age and creativity. In this paper, we report the results of such a test and question the concept that creativity is a function of career age for a special, but crucial instance. In the case of revolutionary science or significant innovative discoveries, as opposed to paradigmatic science, discoveries are almost exclusively made by individuals who are young, both in terms of career and chronological age. These results remain robust even when taking into account the proportion of young scientists in the population of scientists. Neuroscientific data shows that a decline in prefrontal cortex function due to aging causes perseveration, the antithesis of creativity. Consequently, we interpret our findings that paradigm‐busting ideas occur overwhelmingly to people in their 20's and early 30's, as indication that a nimble prefrontal cortex, and thus chronological age, is a critical factor.
Close Associations and Memory in Brainwriting Groups
Authors: COSKUN HAMIT 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThe present experiment examined whether or not the type of associations (close (e.g. apple‐pear) and distant (e.g. apple‐fish) word associations) and memory instruction (paying attention to the ideas of others) had effects on the idea generation performances in the brainwriting paradigm in which all participants shared their ideas by using paper slips (Paulus & Yang, 2000). All participants were randomly subjected to exercising on either close or distant word associations ten minutes before the brainstorming session started. The findings showed that exercising on the close associations prior to the brainstorming session led to the generation of more unique ideas, category scanning, and depth of ideas than exercising on the distant ones in a subsequent brainstorming task. Memory instruction led to the generation of fewer ideas than no memory instruction. These findings were discussed from the aspect of the associative memory approach and cognitive stimulation approaches.
Unfixing Design Fixation: From Cause to Computer Simulation
Authors: DONG ANDY , SARKAR SOMWRITA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that design fixation, in part, entails fixation at the level of meta‐representation, the representation of the relation between a representation and its reference. In this paper, we present a mathematical model that mimics the idea of how fixation can occur at the meta‐representation level. In this model, new abstract concepts derived from the meta‐representation are not simple combinations of the design ideas expressed in the primary representation. Instead, the process of meta‐representation corresponds to the abstraction of new features at a higher, hierarchically separated level of representation from an existing one. We show a computational process of pattern extraction from existing design representations that results in the crystallization of design ideas or ‘chunks’ at an abstract level. The relation between the representation and its referent is explicitly described in these ‘chunks’, yet the ‘chunks’ have different properties from the properties of the original representation.
The Creativity of Korean Leaders and its Implications for Creativity Education*
Authors: CHO YOUNSOON , CHUNG HYE YOUNG , CHOI KYOULEE , SUH YEWON , SEO CHOYOUNG 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis research explores the promoting elements of Korean leaders' creative achievements, and provides implications for creativity education which are suitable in the Korean sociocultural context. In‐depth interviews focusing on their school life and personal growth were held with twelve leaders, four each in the fields of science, humanities, and art. The results of these interviews revealed that a solid basis of basic knowledge, the ability to connect domains from experience in various fields, challenge, and social contribution were the promoting elements for creative achievement. In addition, permissive parents, psychological support from teachers, and horizontal relationships in organizations were affective. Thus, for promoting creativity in Korean education, the importance of knowledge‐base, shared values, teamwork, and teacher role are discussed.
Through Multiple Lenses: Implicit Theories of Creativity Among Indian Children and Adults*
Authors: SEN REKHA SHARMA , SHARMA NEERJA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis constructivist qualitative enquiry reveals a multiplicity of implicit theories of creativity extant in Indian culture with generic and domain specific usage of indigenous terms. Creativity was dominantly construed as a faculty of the nature of ‘pratibha’, in keeping with Indian philosophical thought, and with reference to the self, with participants invoking the holistic self, cognitive self, experiential/emotional self and physical self to describe creativity. The sense of creativity in these seemingly disparate, self‐based construals, the uncovering of which is the unique contribution of this study, derived from the person's experience of a sense of agency, rather than merely the production of novelty per se. This emphasis on process; novelty being central for some but epiphenomenal for others; the varied meanings of ‘newness’; experiencing creativity as self‐expression, self‐extension, self‐fulfillment and self‐actualization; and equating creativity with the act of learning reflect distinctive elements of implicit theories that have emerged in this study.
Pentachlorophenol decreases tumor‐cell‐binding capacity and cell‐surface protein expression of human natural killer cells
Authors: Hurd Tasia , Walker Jasmine , Whalen Margaret M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTPentachlorophenol (PCP) is an organochlorine pesticide that decreases the tumor‐cell killing (lytic) function of human natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells defend against tumor cells and virally infected cells. They bind to these targets, utilizing a variety of cell‐surface proteins. This study examined concentrations of PCP that decrease lytic function for alteration of NK binding to tumor targets. Levels of PCP that caused loss of binding function were then examined for effects on expression of cell‐surface proteins needed for binding. Exposure to 10 µm PCP for 24 h (which caused a greater than 70% loss of lytic function) decreased NK binding function (34.6%), and CD11a (21.7%) and CD56 (26.2%) cell‐surface proteins. Both binding function and cell‐surface proteins were decreased after longer exposures to lower concentrations of PCP. These data indicate that continuous exposures to PCP decreased binding function as well as cell‐surface marker expression in NK cells and that these changes may in part explain the losses of lytic function seen with these exposures. PCP exposures have been shown to increase the incidence of blood and kidney cancers in humans. These data indicate that a possible explanation for this increased risk may be loss of NK lytic function, which is at least in part owing to the loss of the ability of the NK cell to bind to tumor cells. These data also indicate that lost binding function may be due to loss of important cell‐surface proteins. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restraint of spreading‐dependent activation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte NADPH oxidase in an acidified environment
Authors: Suzuki Kingo , Namiki Hideo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractElucidation of the mechanisms by which environmental pH affects or regulates the functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is important because severe acidification of the microenvironment often prevails at sites of inflammation where they act in host defense. In the present study, we investigated the effect of an acidic environment on spreading‐dependent activation of O‐producing NADPH oxidase in PMNs. We found that PMNs underwent spreading spontaneously over type I collagen and plastic surfaces at both neutral and acidic pH, although spreading over fibrinogen surfaces, for which cellular stimulation with H2O2 is required, was inhibited by acidic pH. At acidic pH, however, PMNs were unable to undergo spreading‐dependent production of O. Pharmacological experiments showed that p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) was involved in the signaling pathways mediating the spreading‐dependent activation of NADPH oxidase, and that its spreading‐dependent phosphorylation of Thr‐180 and Tyr‐182, a hallmark of activation, was impaired at acidic pH. Furthermore, the inhibition by acidic pH of O production as well as p38 MAPK phosphorylation subsequent to spreading induction was reversible; environmental neutralization and acidification after induction of spreading at acidic and neutral pH, respectively, up‐ and down‐regulated the two phenomena. Acidic pH did not affect the O production activity of NADPH oxidase pre‐activated by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). These results suggest that, in PMNs, the p38 MAPK‐mediated signaling pathway functions as a pH‐sensing regulator of spreading‐dependent NADPH oxidase activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 899–910, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear IRS‐1 and cancer
Authors: Reiss Krzysztof , Del Valle Luis , Lassak Adam , Trojanek Joanna 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe family of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) consists of four proteins (IRS‐1–IRS‐4), which were initially characterized as typical cytosolic adaptor proteins involved in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR) signaling. The first cloned and characterized member of the IRS family, IRS‐1, has a predicted molecular weight of 132 kDa, however, as a result of its extensive serine phosphorylation it separates on a SDS gel as a band of approximately 160–185 kDa. In addition to its metabolic and growth‐promoting functions, IRS‐1 is also suspected to play a role in malignant transformation. The mechanism by which IRS‐1 supports tumor growth is not fully understood, and the argument that IRS‐1 merely amplifies the signal from the IGF‐1R and/or IR requires further investigation. Almost a decade ago, we reported the presence of nuclear IRS‐1 in medulloblastoma clinical samples, which express viral oncoprotein, large T‐antigen of human polyomavirus JC (JCV T‐antigen). This first demonstration of nuclear IRS‐1 was confirmed by several other laboratories. Nuclear IRS‐1 was also detected by cells expressing the SV40 T‐antigen, v‐Src, in immortalized fibroblasts stimulated with IGF‐I, in hepatocytes, 32D cells, and in an osteosarcoma cell line. More recently, nuclear IRS‐1 was detected in breast cancer cells in association with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and in JC virus negative medulloblastoma cells expressing estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), further implicating nuclear IRS‐1 in cellular transformation. Here, we discuss how nuclear IRS‐1 acting on DNA repair fidelity, transcriptional activity, and cell growth can support tumor development and progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2992–3000, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adsorption of Cu(II) on β‐cyclodextrin modified multiwall carbon nanotube/iron oxides in the absence/presence of fulvic acid
Authors: Hu Jun , Yang Shitong , Wang Xiangke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The adsorption of Cu(II) on β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) modified multiwall carbon nanotubes/iron oxides (denoted as MWCNT/IO/CD) as a function of contact time, pH, adsorbent content, temperature, fulvic acid (FA) and initial Cu(II) concentrations was investigated using a batch technique under ambient conditions.RESULTS: The adsorption of Cu(II) was strongly dependent on pH, adsorbent content, temperature and FA. A positive effect of FA on Cu(II) adsorption was found at pH < 6.5, whereas a negative effect was observed at pH > 6.5. Different effects of FA/Cu(II) concentrations on Cu(II) and FA adsorption were observed, indicating enhanced Cu(II) adsorption on FA bound MWCNT/IO/CD, whereas FA adsorption was decreased in the presence of Cu(II) ions. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the linear isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters calculated from temperature dependent adsorption isotherms suggested that the adsorption of Cu(II) on MWCNT/IO/CD was an endothermic and spontaneous process.CONCLUSIONS: MWCNT/IO/CD is a promising magnetic material for the preconcentration and separation of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry