bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contemporary review of voice and airway after laryngeal trauma in children
Authors: Quesnel Alicia M. , Hartnick Christopher J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To discuss three cases of pediatric laryngeal trauma that highlight current techniques in diagnosis and treatment of the voice following laryngeal trauma. To examine the diagnostic utility of “chip tip” video laryngoscopy and to explore the current uses for open, endoscopic, or combined approaches within the context of these cases.Study Design:Case series with review of contemporary techniques.Methods:A case series of three children who sustained laryngeal trauma is presented. Ages range from 6 weeks to 17 years. The diagnostic evaluation and treatment strategies are reviewed with a focus on contemporary techniques.Results:A 15‐year‐old boy who sustained blunt neck trauma was diagnosed with a vocal fold avulsion on video laryngoscopy with digital image processing and a significant mucosal tear with exposure of the paraglottic space on direct laryngoscopy. Anatomical reapproximation required a combined open and endoscopic repair. A 17‐year‐old football player developed a glottic hematoma after blunt cervical trauma. This was managed conservatively with serial chip tip video laryngoscopy that provided high fidelity images and facilitated proper and timely diagnosis and treatment. A 6‐week‐old male suffered vocal fold avulsion from a traumatic intubation. Laryngofissure with reattachment of the vocal fold resolved his aspiration and reconstructed the laryngeal anatomy.Conclusions:Enhanced imaging via chip tip video laryngoscopy, compared to conventional fiberoptic endoscopy, might provide additional diagnostic information in pediatric patients with laryngeal trauma. Additionally, there could be a role for video strobolaryngoscopy in selected laryngeal trauma patients. Open, endoscopic, and combined approaches could be used to optimize voice and swallowing outcomes in pediatric laryngeal trauma. Laryngoscope, 2009
Enzyme‐Free Quinone Crosslinking Reaction for Proteins: A Macromolecular Characterization Study Using Gelatin
Authors: Yamauchi Asao , Hatanaka Yoshiro , Muro Tetsuo , Kobayashi Osamu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo mimic the quinone hardening of extracellular proteins in invertebrates, we investigated an enzyme‐free crosslinking of gelatin by HQ in a neutral aqueous phase. The mixture was rapidly transformed to a yellowish brown, thermally and mechanically stable hydrogel in the presence of a simple copper(II) salt. A dehydrated thin film made of the mixture was flexible, tough, and showed a large ultimate breaking force. Physicochemical examination of the gel suggested that the basic amino acid residues (lysine, hydroxylysine, and histidine) of the protein were modified by the quinone ring to form 2–6 crosslinks per protein. The enzyme‐free crosslinking reaction is discussed with consideration of a copper(II) ion‐catalyzed oxidation of HQ and the hydroquinone/protein adducts.magnified image
A Hybrid DNA Aptamer–Dendrimer Nanomaterial for Targeted Cell Labeling
Authors: Zhou Jing , Soontornworajit Boonchoy , Martin Jacob , Sullenger Bruce A. , Gilboa Eli , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAntibodies are natural nanomaterials and have been widely used for targeted cell labeling. However, the applications of antibodies are often limited by their large size and instability. The purpose of this study is to develop a new type of multifunctional nanomaterial that is comprised of a nucleic acid aptamer and a dendrimer, both of which are stable. This nanomaterial is ≈8 nm in size. Moreover, it could not only carry multiple signal molecules, but also bind to target cancer cells with high affinity and specificity. This sub‐10 nm multifunctional nanomaterial is expected to be useful in basic biomedical research and clinical medicine.magnified image
Morphology, Crystallization Behavior, and Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Poly(propylene) Nanocomposites based on Organophilic Boehmites
Authors: Streller Rouven C. , Thomann Ralf , Torno Olaf , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractiPP/organoboehmite nanocomposites were prepared to examine the influence of both boehmite crystallite size and organophilic boehmite modification on morphology development, thermal, and mechanical properties. Effective deagglomeration of the micrometer‐scaled organoboehmites was achieved, producing uniform dispersions of nanometer‐scaled boehmite crystallite assemblies within the iPP matrix. CS‐modified organoboehmites gave improved stiffness at the expense of elongation at break and impact strength. In contrast to CS, boehmites modified with OS2 lowered iPP crystallization (“anti‐nucleation effect”) without affecting crystal modification, affording iPP nanocomposites with significantly larger elongation at break and strain induced crystallization.magnified image
Structure and Pervaporation Properties of Poly(phenylene‐iso‐phthalamide) Membranes Modified by Fullerene C60
Authors: Penkova Anastasia V. , Polotskaya Galina A. , Toikka Alexander M. , Trchová Miroslava , Šlouf Miroslav , Urbanová Martina , Brus Jiří , Brožová Libuše , Pientka Zbyněk 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHomogeneous membranes based on PA/C60 composites were obtained and their internal morphology was visualized using SEM. The interaction between PA and C60 was studied by spectroscopic methods. The effect of C60 inclusion in the PA matrix on physical properties was characterized by measurement of the intrinsic viscosity, density, and glass transition temperature. Transport properties of pure PA and composite membranes were studied in pervaporation of the methanol/cyclohexane mixture. It was found that all membranes were essentially permeable for methanol. The permeability and so‐called inverse selective separation properties were improving for membranes containing 2 and 5 wt.‐% C60, whereas they decreased for higher C60 content.magnified image
pH‐ and Temperature‐Responsive Behavior of Comb‐Type Graft Hydrogels of Poly(acrylic acid) Synthesized Using Gamma Radiation
Authors: Illescas Javier , Burillo Guillermina 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA pH sensitive hydrogel was obtained by γ‐ray radiation polymerization of AAc in aqueous solution. The temperature sensitive monomer NIPAAm or the same pH sensitive AAc monomer was then grafted to the PAAc hydrogel with gamma radiation. The comb‐type graft polymers obtained net‐AAc‐g‐NIPAAm and the net‐AAc‐g‐AAc, have been studied through determination of graft yield and swelling behavior at room temperature. The critical pH value was found between 4.5 and 5.5. An unexpected unique behavior with an UCST has been found around 30–32 °C. Other techniques employed to characterize the comb‐type polymer included DSC, SEM, and FTIR‐ATR.magnified image
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes with TDI‐Based Monodisperse Hard Segments
Authors: De Debasish , Gaymans Reinoud J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolyurethanes with PTMO soft segments and toluene diisocyanate diamide as urethane segment were studied. The toluene diisocyanate diamide urethane segment was monodisperse in length. The soft segment length was changed by extending PTMO with TDI units to a soft segment length varying from 2 250 to 6 500 g · mol−1. Studied were the structure, the morphology, the thermal and thermal mechanical behavior, the elastic behavior, and the tensile properties. The monodisperse diisocyanate diamide urethane segments had a high crystallinity and the crystallites showed a curved nano‐ribbon morphology. Extending the PTMO units with TDI groups increased Tg and Tm of PTMO slightly, and the elastic properties at room temperature were not affected.magnified image
Design and Synthesis of Fast‐Degrading Poly(anhydride‐esters)
Authors: Carbone Ashley L. , Uhrich Kathryn E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFast‐degrading, salicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐esters) were designed to degrade and release the active component, salicylic acid (SA), within 1 week. The polymer degradation was enhanced by using shorter or oxygen‐containing aliphatic chains. A copolymer of diglycolic acid was also made with a salicylate‐based diacid for comparison of polymer properties, including SA release. Both methods resulted in polyanhydrides with molecular weights ranging from 14 500 to 27 800 Da and displayed glass transition temperatures near physiological conditions, namely 33–40 °C. The homo‐ and copolymers completely degraded within one week releasing the chemically incorporated SA.magnified image
Organic/Organic′ Heterojunctions: Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Armstrong Neal R. , Wang Weining , Alloway Dana M. , Placencia Diogenes , Ratcliff Erin , Brumbach Michael 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHeterojunctions created from thin films of two dissimilar organic semiconductor materials [organic/organic′ (O/O′) heterojunctions] are an essential component of organic light emitting diode displays and lighting systems (OLEDs, PLEDs) and small molecule or polymer‐based organic photovoltaic (solar cell) technologies (OPVs). O/O′ heterojunctions are the site for exciton formation in OLEDs, and the site for exciton dissociation and photocurrent production in OPVs. Frontier orbital energy offsets in O/O′ heterojunctions establish the excess free energy controlling rates of charge recombination and formation of emissive states in OLEDs and PLEDs. These energy offsets also establish the excess free energy which controls charge separation and the short‐circuit photocurrent (JSC) in OPVs, and set the upper limit for the open‐circuit photopotential (VOC). We review here how these frontier orbital energy offsets are determined using photoemission spectroscopies, how these energies change as a function of molecular environment, and the influence of interface dipoles on these frontier orbital energies. Recent examples of heterojunctions based on small molecule materials are shown, emphasizing those heterojunctions which are of interest for photovoltaic applications. These include heterojunctions of perylenebisimide dyes with trivalent metal phthalocyanines, and heterojunctions of titanyl phthalocyanine with C60, and with pentacene. Organic solar cells comprised of donor/acceptor pairs of each of these last three materials confirm that the VOC scales with the energy offsets between the HOMO of the donor and LUMO of the acceptor ($E_{{\rm HOMO}^{\rm D} } - E_{{\rm LUMO}^{\rm A} }$).magnified image
Oligomerization of Electron‐Deficient Vinyl Monomers Through an Ate‐Complex Mechanism: A New Role for B(C6F5)3 Lewis Acid
Authors: Pouget Emmanuel , Holgado‐Garcia Erlea , Vasilenko Irina V. , Kostjuk Sergei V. , Campagne Jean Marc , Ganachaud Francois 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 in combination with hydrosilanes exhibits remarkable activity in the oligomerization of sulfone‐ and phosphonate‐based monomers. This process opens new routes to high‐tech silicone‐based materials, i.e., thermoplastic elastomers and heat‐resistant polysiloxanes.magnified image
Gold Nanoparticle‐Hybridized “Nano‐Sponge” Polymer Coatings to Enhance the Reliability and Sensitivity of Biosensors
Authors: Jeong Hyung‐Jun , Pyun Won‐Hee , Yang Sung Yun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe have created a new functional biosensor coating composed of polyelectrolyte multilayers containing gold nanoparticles. This gold‐hybridized polyelectrolyte multilayer film possesses a stable nanoporous structure under physiological conditions. Antibody molecules were successfully conjugated onto the gold nanoparticles within the film. This functional coating successfully extinguished false signals from non‐specific binding of proteins and cells and also provided highly enhanced detection sensitivity. Furthermore, the drastic differences in protein and cellular adhesion properties between a chip coated with the nanoporous PEM film and a bare chip demonstrate that morphological control of biological interactions on chip surfaces is possible.magnified image
Effect of substituents on spin density in benzimidazole nitronyl nitroxide radicals studied by electron spin resonance
Authors: Esat Burak , Fidan Ismail , Bahceci Sumeyye , Yerli Yusuf , Sari Levent 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeveral novel benzimidazole‐3‐oxide‐1‐oxyl radicals with substituents at 5 and/or 6 position were synthesized. The ESR analysis of nitrogen hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs) revealed that substituents at 5 and 6‐position affect the spin density to greater extent than substituents on the phenyl ring at 2‐position. Density functional theory calculations of nitrogen hfccs were performed using several different Pople type basis sets, as well as double and triple zeta quality individual gauge for localized orbital (IGLO‐II, IGLO‐III) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR‐II, EPR‐II) basis sets. Experimental and theoretical hfccs are compared. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Catalyst Dosing: An Elegant Approach in Molecular Weight Regulation for UHMWPE
Authors: Padmanabhan Sudhakar , Sarma Krishna R. , Sharma Shashikant , Patel Viral 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEthylene polymerization using Ziegler‐Natta catalysts comprising TiCl4 supported on MgCl2 with aluminum alkyls as co‐catalyst produce UHMWPE through a mediated proportional reduction of the Ti oxidation states. We observe the molecular weight regulation to be a combined function of hydrogen and the co‐catalyst through experimental evidences. The role of unavoidable chain transfer reactions for molecular weight regulation has been observed during the production of UHMWPE along with H2 through controlled catalyst dosing. Process optimization studies at 7.5 atm ethylene pressure could absorb small deviations in the catalyst systems to maintain the desired molecular weights.magnified image
Locational tying of complementary retail items
Authors: Maddah Bacel , Bish Ebru K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe study a selling practice that we refer to as locational tying (LT), which seems to be gaining wide popularity among retailers. Under this strategy, a retailer “locationally ties” two complementary items that we denote by “primary” and “secondary.” The retailer sells the primary item in an appropriate “department” of his or her store. To stimulate demand, the secondary item is offered in the primary item's department, where it is displayed in very close proximity to the primary item. We consider two variations of LT: In the multilocation tying strategy (LT‐M), the secondary item is offered in its appropriate department in addition to the primary item's department, whereas in the single‐location tying strategy (LT‐S), it is offered only in the primary item's location. We compare these LT strategies to the traditional independent components (IC) strategy, in which the two items are sold independently (each in its own department), but the pricing/inventory decisions can be centralized (IC‐C) or decentralized (IC‐D). Assuming ample inventory, we compare and provide a ranking of the optimal prices of the four strategies. The main insight from this comparison is that relative to IC‐D, LT decreases the price of the primary item and adjusts the price of the secondary item up or down depending on its popularity in the primary item's department. We also perform a comparative statics analysis on the effect of demand and cost parameters on the optimal prices of various strategies, and identify the conditions that favor one strategy over others in terms of profitability. Then we study inventory decisions in LT under exogenous pricing by developing a model that accounts for the effect of the primary item's stock‐outs on the secondary item's demand. We find that, relative to IC‐D, LT increases the inventory level of the primary item. We also link the profitability of different strategies to the trade‐off between the increase in demand volume of the secondary item as a result of LT and the potential increase in inventory costs due to decentralizing the inventory of the secondary item. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Quality control chart design under Jidoka
Authors: Berk Emre , Toy Ayhan Özgür 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe consider design of control charts in the presence of machine stoppages that are exogenously imposed (as under jidoka practices). Each stoppage creates an opportunity for inspection/repair at reduced cost. We first model a single machine facing opportunities arriving according to a Poisson process, develop the expressions for its operating characteristics and construct the optimization problem for economic design of a control chart. We, then, consider the multiple machine setting where individual machine stoppages may create inspection/repair opportunities for other machines. We develop exact expressions for the cases when all machines are either opportunity‐takers or not. On the basis of an approximation for the all‐taker case, we then propose an approximate model for the mixed case. In a numerical study, we examine the opportunity taking behavior of machines in both single and multiple machine settings and the impact of such practices on the design of an X – Q C chart. Our findings indicate that incorporating inspection/repair opportunities into QC chart design may provide considerable cost savings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Optimal search for a moving target with the option to wait
Authors: Flesch János , Karagözoǧlu Emin , Perea Andrés 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe investigate the problem in which an agent has to find an object that moves between two locations according to a discrete Markov process (Pollock, Operat Res 18 (1970) 883–903). At every period, the agent has three options: searching left, searching right, and waiting. We assume that waiting is costless whereas searching is costly. Moreover, when the agent searches the location that contains the object, he finds it with probability 1 (i.e. there is no overlooking). Waiting can be useful because it could induce a more favorable probability distribution over the two locations next period. We find an essentially unique (nearly) optimal strategy, and prove that it is characterized by two thresholds (as conjectured by Weber, J Appl Probab 23 (1986) 708–717). We show, moreover, that it can never be optimal to search the location with the lower probability of containing the object. The latter result is far from obvious and is in clear contrast with the example in Ross (1983) for the model without waiting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the nonpreemptive swapping problem
Authors: Bordenave Charles , Gendreau Michel , Laporte Gilbert 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the Swapping Problem (SP), we are given a complete graph, a set of object types, and a vehicle of unit capacity. An initial state specifies the object type currently located at each vertex (at most one type per vertex). A final state describes where these object types must be repositioned. In general, there exist several identical objects for a given object type, yielding multiple possible destinations for each object. The SP consists of finding a shortest vehicle route starting and ending at an arbitrary vertex, in such a way that each object is repositioned in its final state. This article exhibits some structural properties of optimal solutions and proposes a branch‐and‐cut algorithm based on a 0‐1 formulation of the problem. Computational results on random instances containing up to 200 vertices and eight object types are reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009
Convergence bounds of GMRES with Schwarz' preconditioner for the scattering problem
Authors: Ben Belgacem Faker , Gmati Nabil , Jelassi Faten 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe consider the Jacobi preconditioner of the GMRES method introduced by Liu and Jin for the scattering problem (IEEE Trans. Ante. Prop. 2002; 50:132–140). We explain why it is a particular form of the Schwarz' preconditioner with a complete overlap and specific transmission conditions. So far, a superlinear convergence has been predicted by the general theory without any additional indication on the convergence rates. Here, we establish error bounds that provide accurate convergence rates in two and three dimensions. Courant–Weyl's min–max principle applied to some kernel operators together with some polynomial approximation estimates are the milestones for the proofs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of preferences for treatment: Validation of a measure
Authors: Sidani Souraya , Epstein Dana R. , Bootzin Richard R. , Moritz Patricia , Miranda Joyal 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSystematic measurement of treatment preferences is needed to obtain well‐informed preferences. Guided by a conceptualization of treatment preferences, a measure was developed to assess treatment acceptability and preference. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the treatment acceptability and preferences (TAP) measure. The TAP measure contains a description of each treatment under evaluation, items to rate its acceptability, and questions about participants' preferred treatment option. The items measuring treatment acceptability were internally consistent (alpha > .80) and demonstrated validity, evidenced by a one‐factor structure and differences in the scores between participants with preferences for particular interventions. The TAP measure has the potential for the assessment of acceptability and preferences for various behavioral interventions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 419–431, 2009
Intimate partner physical and mental health after sudden cardiac arrest and receipt of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Dougherty Cynthia M. , Thompson Elaine A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the physical and mental health of the intimate partners of persons receiving an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). A prospective longitudinal repeated measures design was used, with data collected at hospital discharge, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. Intimate partners' physical health, symptoms, and depression significantly declined over the first year. Although anxiety was significantly reduced over time, it remained elevated in partners after 1 year. The impact of implantation of the ICD on the intimate relationship and care demands was most dramatic at hospital discharge. Health care use was low throughout the year. Intimate partners could benefit from an intervention that would assist in their psychological adjustment and provide strategies for dealing with caregiving demands at home. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 432–442, 2009
Counteracting ambivalence: Nurses who smoke and their health promotion role with patients who smoke
Authors: Radsma Jenny , Bottorff Joan L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMorbidity and mortality associated with smoking are major health problems. Nurses play an instrumental role in tobacco reduction, but their own smoking often interferes with this clinical opportunity. We conducted a grounded theory study with 23 nurses who smoked to describe how they managed the contradictions encountered when caring for tobacco‐dependent patients. Nurses counteracted ambivalence in one of four ways in relation to smoking policies: indifferent, evasive, engaged, and forced compliance. Influencing these approaches were nurses' perceptions of patients' need for tobacco‐dependence interventions and perceptions of their own vulnerability in addressing tobacco use. The challenge remains how best to support smoking nurses to enable them to become unambivalent participants in preventing and reducing tobacco dependence in their patients and themselves. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 443–452, 2009