bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unilateral and bilateral expression of a quantitative trait: asymmetry and symmetry in coronal craniosynostosis
Authors: Heuzé Yann , Martínez‐Abadías Neus , Stella Jennifer M. , Senders Craig W. , Boyadjiev Simeon A. , Lo Lun‐Jou , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBilateral symmetry in vertebrates is imperfect and mild asymmetries are found in normal growth and development. However, abnormal development is often characterized by strong asymmetries. Coronal craniosynostosis, defined here as consisting of premature suture closure and a characteristic skull shape, is a complex trait. The premature fusion of the coronal suture can occur unilaterally associated with skull asymmetry (anterior plagiocephaly) or bilaterally associated with a symmetric but brachycephalic skull. We investigated the relationship between coronal craniosynostosis and skull bilateral symmetry. Three‐dimensional landmark coordinates were recorded on preoperative computed tomography images of children diagnosed with coronal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (N= 40) and that of unaffected individuals (N= 20) and analyzed by geometric morphometrics. Our results showed that the fusion pattern of the coronal suture is similar across individuals and types of coronal craniosynostosis. Shape analysis showed that skulls of bilateral coronal craniosynostosis (BCS) and unaffected individuals display low degrees of asymmetry, whereas right and left unilateral coronal craniosynostosis (UCS) skulls are asymmetric and mirror images of one another. When premature fusion of the coronal suture (without taking into account cranial dysmorphology) is scored as a qualitative trait, the expected relationship between trait frequency and trait unilateral expression (i.e. negative correlation) is confirmed. Overall, we interpret our results as evidence that the same biological processes operate on the two sides in BCS skulls and on the affected side in UCS skulls, and that coronal craniosynostosis is a quantitative trait exhibiting a phenotypic continuum with BCS displaying more intense shape changes than UCS.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:109–122, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of matrix solid‐phase dispersion conditions for organic fungicides determination in soil samples
Authors: Carpinteiro Inmaculada , Casado Jorge , Rodríguez Isaac , Ramil María , Cela Rafael 
Published: April 2012

A simplified sample preparation method, based on the matrix solid‐phase dispersion technique, is proposed for the sensitive determination of 15 organic fungicides in vineyard soils by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Under final working conditions, sieved samples (0.5 g) were blended and dispersed with 2 g of C18 and transferred to a polypropylene syringe containing 1 g of diatomaceous earth. Analytes were recovered using 10 mL of ethyl acetate, this extract was concentrated to 1 mL and fungicides determined by GC–MS, without additional cleanup. The method provided recoveries in the range from 74 to 122% for soils with total carbon contents up to 5.5% and it allowed the use of external standard as quantification technique. Inter‐day precision, given as relative standard deviations, stayed between 3 and 13%, and the limits of quantification were comprised between 0.6 and 15 ng g−1. Several fungicides were found in the top layer of vineyard soils with the highest detection frequency and maximum concentration corresponding to iprovalicarb. Some real samples were also submitted to pressurized liquid extraction. Measured concentrations were in excellent agreement with those obtained by matrix solid‐phase dispersion, which reinforces the accuracy of the latter methodology.
Impact of infrared laser light‐induced ablation at different wavelengths on bovine intervertebral disc ex vivo: Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and histology
Authors: Cselik Zsolt , Aradi Mihály , von Jako Ronald A. , Lelovics Zsuzsanna , Juhász Ivett , Egyházi Zsolt , Bogner Péter , Repa Imre , Schwarcz Attila 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePercutaneous laser disc decompression is commonly used to lower high pressure in the nucleus pulposus in degenerative disc diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of diode laser disc decompression at different wavelengths (980‐nm vs. 1,470‐nm, i.e., different water absorption characteristics).Materials and MethodsTo model decompression, a flexible laser quartz fiber inserted into the nucleus pulposus of ex vivo bovine spines using computer‐assisted surgical navigation was utilized to vaporize tissue. The same energy (500 J) was delivered using both 980‐nm and 1,470‐nm wavelength lasers. To determine the different impact of the wavelengths before and after the procedure we evaluated the discs with MRI (T1, T2, diffusion maps) and with histopathology.ResultsThere were no visible changes on T1 and T2 maps after 1,470‐nm wavelength laser irradiation; however, the 980‐nm wavelength caused significant changes on T1 (decrease) and T2 (increase) in the vaporization zone at the site of the quartz fiber. Pathological findings showed carbonization and steam‐bubble formation in addition to the T1 and T2 changes. No significant changes were detected in the value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in intervertebral disc with the 980‐nm wavelength, but significant ADC and T1 signal increase was detected with the 1,470‐nm wavelength when the whole nucleus pulposus was considered.ConclusionThe 1,470‐nm laser light had an effect in the whole nucleus pulposus and not only at the site of the quartz fiber, whereas with the 980‐nm laser irradiation, significant changes were demonstrated only at the application site. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 406–412, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low Charge Density Cationic Polymers for Gene Delivery: Exploring the Influence of Structural Elements on in vitro Transfection
Authors: Mindemark Jonas , Tabata Yasuhiko , Bowden Tim 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of end‐functionalized poly(trimethylene carbonate) DNA carriers, characterized by low cationic charge density and pronounced hydrophobicity, is used to study structural effects on in vitro gene delivery. As the DNA‐binding moieties are identical in all polymer structures, the differences observed between the different polymers are directly related to the functionality and length of the polymer backbone. The transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of the polymer/DNA complexes are thus found to be dependent on a combination of polymer charge density and functionality, highlighting the importance of such structural considerations in the development of materials for efficient gene delivery.magnified image
Feather Fiber‐Based Thermoplastics: Effects of Different Plasticizers on Material Properties
Authors: Ullah Aman , Wu Jianping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPoultry feather fiber is transformed into biothermoplastics using a twin screw extruder, and the plasticizing effect of four different plasticizers on the material properties is investigated. Conformational changes, viscoelastic behavior, thermal degradation, and phase transitions are assessed by means of FTIR spectroscopy, DMA, TGA, and DSC, respectively. The mechanical properties of the plasticized resins are assessed by tensile measurements, while optical transmittance is recorded using UV‐Vis spectrophotometry. The water uptake behavior of the fiber keratin and plasticized resins is also investigated.magnified image
Premotor potential study in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Kodama Mitsuhiko , Sasao Yu , Tochikura Michi , Kasahara Takashi , Koyama Yuji , Aono Koji , Fujii Chieko , Hanayama Kozo , Takahashi Osamu , Kobayashi Yuka , Masakado Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Premotor potentials (PMPs) precede compound muscle action potentials evoked from the second lumbrical muscle after median nerve stimulation. Although PMP has been identified as a median sensory nerve action potential, few reports have documented the significance of PMP parameters for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: We investigated the relationships between PMP parameters and results of 6 standard median nerve conduction studies in 74 CTS hands. Results: Significant correlations were noted in all comparisons. PMP conduction velocity was strongly correlated with the sensory conduction velocity between wrist and digit 2 (r2 = 0.91). Moreover, PMP parameters were significantly correlated with neurophysiological severity of CTS. Conclusion: Measuring PMP parameters with a second lumbrical–interosseous study may be useful for diagnosing CTS. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Impaired energy‐dependent processes underlie acute lead neuropathy
Authors: Krishnan Arun V. , Park Susanna B. , Huynh William , Lin Cindy S.‐Y. , Henderson Robert D. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The mechanisms of lead neuropathy remain unexplained. A 48‐year‐old painter presented after undertaking a 3‐week project of paint removal without the use of a protective mask. Two weeks later, he developed fasciculations, weakness, and muscle wasting. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated a motor neuropathy. A high serum lead level was identified, leading to a diagnosis of acute lead neuropathy.Methods:To investigate the pathophysiology, nerve excitability studies were undertaken acutely and in convalescence. Studies were undertaken at baseline and after the induction of limb ischemia.Results:Prominent abnormalities of excitability were noted, including a rightward shift of stimulus–response curves, reduction in depolarizing threshold electrotonus, and increased refractoriness. These changes became more severe with limb ischemia, and there was abolition of the superexcitable period and increased refractoriness.Conclusions:We identified prominent changes in nerve excitability in lead neuropathy. The results suggest that there is impairment of axonal energy‐dependent processes in lead neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2012
A semiorthogonal generalized Arnoldi method and its variations for quadratic eigenvalue problems
Authors: Huang Wei‐Qiang , Li Tiexiang , Li Yung‐Ta , Lin Wen‐Wei 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we are concerned with the computation of a few eigenpairs with smallest eigenvalues in absolute value of quadratic eigenvalue problems. We first develop a semiorthogonal generalized Arnoldi method where the name comes from the application of a pseudo inner product in the construction of a generalized Arnoldi reduction for a generalized eigenvalue problem. The method applies the Rayleigh–Ritz orthogonal projection technique on the quadratic eigenvalue problem. Consequently, it preserves the spectral properties of the original quadratic eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, we propose a refinement scheme to improve the accuracy of the Ritz vectors for the quadratic eigenvalue problem. Given shifts, we also show how to restart the method by implicitly updating the starting vector and constructing better projection subspace. We combine the ideas of the refinement and the restart by selecting shifts upon the information of refined Ritz vectors. Finally, an implicitly restarted refined semiorthogonal generalized Arnoldi method is developed. Numerical examples demonstrate that the implicitly restarted semiorthogonal generalized Arnoldi method with or without refinement has superior convergence behaviors than the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method applied to the linearized quadratic eigenvalue problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay‐dependent robust H ∞  control for uncertain singular time‐delay system with Markovian jumping parameters
Authors: Lu Hongqian , Zhou Wuneng , Duan Chunmei , Qi Xingguang 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe problem of robust H ∞  control for a class of uncertain singular time‐delay systems with Markovian jumping parameters is addressed in this paper. The considered Markovian jump singular systems involve constant time delay and norm‐bounded uncertainties. On the basis of LMI approach, a delay‐dependent condition is proposed, which ensures the nominal Markovian jump singular system to be regular, impulse‐free and stochastically stable. From the delay‐dependent condition, a sufficient condition leading to the existence of a state feedback controller that guarantees the robust admissibility and the H ∞  performance is also given. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statin medication in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs in Norway
Authors: Gedde‐Dahl Ane , Devold Helene M. , Molden Espen 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe lipid‐lowering response of statins metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) has previously been shown to be diminished by concurrent use of enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs). The aim of this study was to compare statin prescription in patients receiving EIAEDs versus non‐enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (NEIAEDs), before and after introduction of prescribing restrictions for statins in Norway.MethodsThe Norwegian Prescription Database was used to extract data on patients using antiepileptic drugs and statins during 2004 and 2008. Statin type and dose used were compared between patients treated with at least one EIAED (i.e., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone) and those receiving NEIAEDs only (i.e., all other antiepileptic drugs).ResultsThe number of included patients co‐medicated with statins and AEDs was 4855 in 2004 and 9880 in 2008. Among these patients, 2827 and 3160, respectively, were treated with EIAEDs. The CYP3A4 statins (i.e., simvastatin, atorvastatin and lovastatin) accounted for 85% of all statins in 2004, increasing to 93% in 2008. There was no significant difference in the likelihood of being prescribed a CYP3A4 statin versus a non‐CYP3A4 statin among patients receiving EIAEDs and NEIAEDs. The average daily dose of individual CYP3A4 statins was not different between the AED groups.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the interaction risk between CYP3A4‐metabolized statins and EIAEDs is largely overlooked in Norwegian clinical practice. To avoid therapeutic failure of statin treatment in patients using AEDs, implementation of strategies for systematic management of drug interactions is warranted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of tandem ACT domain‐containing protein ACTP from Galdieria sulphuraria
Authors: Bitto Eduard , Kim Do Jin , Bingman Craig A. , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Han Byung Woo , Phillips George N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe ACT domain is a structurally conserved small molecule binding domain which is mostly involved in amino acid and purine metabolism. Here, we report the crystal structure of a tandem ACT domain‐containing protein (ACTP) from Galdieria sulphuraria. The two ACTP monomers in the asymmetric unit form a dimer with a non‐crystallographic twofold axis in a domain‐swapped manner, showing a horseshoe‐like structure with a central crevice. This structure contributes to expand our knowledge on the structural diversity of ACT domain‐containing proteins. Proteins 2012; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring structure–activity data using the landscape paradigm
Authors: Guha Rajarshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article, we present an overview of the origin and applications of the activity landscape view of structure–activity relationship (SAR) data as conceived by Shanmugasundaram and Maggiora. Within this landscape, different regions exemplify different aspects of SAR trends—ranging from smoothly varying trends to discontinuous trends (also termed activity cliffs). We discuss the various definitions of landscapes and cliffs that have been proposed as well as different approaches to the numerical quantification of a landscape. We then highlight some of the landscape visualization approaches that have been developed, followed by a review of the various applications of activity landscapes and cliffs to topics in medicinal chemistry and SAR analysis. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Unconscious creativity: When can unconscious thought outperform conscious thought?
Authors: Yang Haiyang , Chattopadhyay Amitava , Zhang Kuangjie , Dahl Darren W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRecent research suggests that unconscious thought is superior to conscious thought in many cognitive domains. In this article, we show that the duration of unconscious thought has an inverted‐U shaped relationship with creativity performance. Unconscious thought is, thus, unlikely to provide creative advantage over conscious thought when deliberation duration is either short or long. However, when deliberation duration is of a moderate length, the creative output of unconscious thought surpasses that of conscious thought. Furthermore, the superiority of unconscious thought pertains only to the novelty dimension of creativity, but not the appropriateness dimension. These findings not only shed light on the powers and limits of unconscious thought but also illuminate the importance of calibration in utilizing unconscious thought to boost creativity.
Tracheostomy and laryngectomy survey: do front-line emergency staff appreciate the difference?
Authors: Darr A , Dhanji K , Doshi J 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:In an emergency scenario, it is vital to appreciate the difference between a laryngectomy and a tracheostomy so that oxygen can be administered in an appropriate manner. This survey aimed to ascertain the level of emergency healthcare personnel's knowledge with regards to distinguishing between a tracheostomy and a laryngectomy patient, and the emergency management of such patients.Methods:Forty-four accident and emergency staff (28 doctors, nine nurses and seven paramedics) within one Foundation Trust were invited to complete a questionnaire to ascertain (1) their confidence at differentiating between a laryngectomy and tracheostomy stoma; (2) knowledge of the appropriate site for oxygen delivery if needed; and (3) overall level of training on this subject.Results:There were significant gaps in knowledge, particularly with regards to fundamental differences between a tracheostomy and a laryngectomy; less than 5 per cent were able to describe the anatomical difference. Only 41 per cent correctly identified the route of oxygen administration in laryngectomy patients.Conclusion:In this cohort of emergency staff, the fundamental difference between a laryngectomy and a tracheostomy was poorly understood. This lack of awareness of front-line emergency staff needs to be addressed in order to maximise patient safety.
Coming into One's Own: John Locke's Theory of Property, God, and Politics
Authors: Brubaker Stanley C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the three centuries since the publication of theTwo Treatises, a trail set down by Locke, although scarcely concealed, has gone unremarked—as has its final destination. If we miss this trail, we miss the work's coherence. If we follow this trail, we find a compelling, even shocking, case against Revelation as an independent source of authority. And we find a theory of property so powerful—certainly in Locke's own estimation—it compels the reconstitution of the relation between children and parents, wives and husbands, servants and masters, persons and polities, and ultimately between man and God. Indeed, Locke's story of the right of property is also the story of man's coming into his own, his coming into his own mind, freed from the irrational claims of Revelation. Thus, Locke's theory of property is nothing less than a story of man's Enlightenment.
The Effects of Judicial Decisions and Patrimony Laws on the Price of Italian Antiquities
Authors: Stoll Cameron Semmes 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhile practitioners of the legal and art and culture industries have traditionally believed their businesses to be independent of the other, the escalating battle over the repatriation of cultural property teaches otherwise. The antiquities market has flourished despite the increase in litigation surrounding some works and the number of works repatriated in recent years, making interdisciplinary study of the market more relevant and necessary than ever. This study establishes that the number of antiquities sold with legally- significant provenance information is steadily increasing as a result of the legal environment. Also, these objects are less risky and therefore sell for higher prices than works with no recorded history of ownership. Finally, evidence indicates that the occurrence of a legal event causes a slight, short drop in the market, followed by a significant rise in prices for the objects with reliable provenance information. In the end, the auction market for Italian antiquities is inexorably linked to activities that have ramifications for the legality of collecting these works.
ALGEBRAIC DIVISIBILITY SEQUENCES OVER FUNCTION FIELDS
Authors: INGRAM PATRICK , MAHÉ VALÉRY , SILVERMAN JOSEPH H. , STANGE KATHERINE E. , STRENG MARCO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this note we study the existence of primes and of primitive divisors in function field analogues of classical divisibility sequences. Under various hypotheses, we prove that Lucas sequences and elliptic divisibility sequences over function fields defined over number fields contain infinitely many irreducible elements. We also prove that an elliptic divisibility sequence over a function field has only finitely many terms lacking a primitive divisor.
EMBEDDING PERMUTATION GROUPS INTO WREATH PRODUCTS IN PRODUCT ACTION
Authors: PRAEGER CHERYL E. , SCHNEIDER CSABA 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe consider the wreath product of two permutation groups G≤Sym Γ and H≤Sym Δ as a permutation group acting on the set Π of functions from Δ to Γ. Such groups play an important role in the O’Nan–Scott theory of permutation groups and they also arise as automorphism groups of graph products and codes. Let X be a subgroup of Sym Γ≀Sym Δ. Our main result is that, in a suitable conjugate of X, the subgroup of SymΓ induced by a stabiliser of a coordinate δ∈Δ only depends on the orbit of δ under the induced action of X on Δ. Hence, if X is transitive on Δ, then X can be embedded into the wreath product of the permutation group induced by the stabiliser Xδ on Γ and the permutation group induced by X on Δ. We use this result to describe the case where X is intransitive on Δ and offer an application to error-correcting codes in Hamming graphs.
Purification and Characterization of ZmRIP1, a Novel Reductant-Inhibited Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase from Maize
Authors: Li Bingbing , Zhao Yanxia , Liang Liyan , Ren Huibo , Xing Yu , Chen Lin , Sun Mingzhu , Wang Yuanhua , Han Yu , Jia Haifeng , Huang Conglin , Wu Zhongyi , Jia Wensuo 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) have long been thought to be activated by reductants and deactivated by oxidants, owing to the presence of a crucial sulfhydryl group in their catalytic centers. In this article, we report the purification and characterization of Reductant-Inhibited PTPase1 (ZmRIP1) from maize (Zea mays) coleoptiles, and show that this PTPase has a unique mode of redox regulation and signaling. Surprisingly, ZmRIP1 was found to be deactivated by a reductant. A cysteine (Cys) residue (Cys-181) near the active center was found to regulate this unique mode of redox regulation, as mutation of Cys-181 to arginine-181 allowed ZmRIP1 to be activated by a reductant. In response to oxidant treatment, ZmRIP1 was translocated from the chloroplast to the nucleus. Expression of ZmRIP1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and maize protoplasts altered the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in antioxidant catabolism, such as At1g02950, which encodes a glutathione transferase. Thus, the novel PTPase identified in this study is predicted to function in redox signaling in maize.