bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Excessive IL-6 Production In Vivo on the Development and Function of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Fujimoto Minoru , Nakano Mayumi , Terabe Fumitaka , Kawahata Hirohisa , Ohkawara Tomoharu , Han Yongmei , Ripley Barry , Serada Satoshi , Nishikawa Teppei , Kimura Akihiro , Nomura Shintaro , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Naka Tetsuji 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine and its overproduction is implicated in a variety of inflammatory disorders. Recent in vitro analyses suggest that IL-6 is a key cytokine that determines the balance between Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells. However, it remains unclear whether excessive IL-6 production in vivo alters the development and function of Foxp3+ Tregs. In this study, we analyzed IL-6 transgenic (Tg) mice in which serum IL-6 levels are constitutively elevated. Interestingly, in IL-6 Tg mice, whereas peripheral lymphoid organs were enlarged, and T cells exhibited activated phenotype, Tregs were not reduced but rather increased compared with wild-type mice. In addition, Tregs from Tg mice normally suppressed proliferation of naive T cells in vitro. Furthermore, Tregs cotransferred with naive CD4 T cells into SCID–IL-6 Tg mice inhibited colitis as successfully as those transferred into control SCID mice. These results indicate that overproduction of IL-6 does not inhibit development or function of Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. However, when naive CD4 T cells alone were transferred, Foxp3+ Tregs retrieved from SCID–IL-6 Tg mice were reduced compared with SCID mice. Moreover, the Helios− subpopulation of Foxp3+ Tregs, recently defined as extrathymic Tregs, was significantly reduced in IL-6 Tg mice compared with wild-type mice. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-6 overproduced in vivo inhibits inducible Treg generation from naive T cells, but does not affect the development and function of natural Tregs.
H5N1 Virus Activates Signaling Pathways in Human Endothelial Cells Resulting in a Specific Imbalanced Inflammatory Response
Authors: Viemann Dorothee , Schmolke Mirco , Lueken Aloys , Boergeling Yvonne , Friesenhagen Judith , Wittkowski Helmut , Ludwig Stephan , Roth Johannes 
Published: November 2010

AbstractH5N1 influenza virus infections in humans cause a characteristic systemic inflammatory response syndrome; however, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a pivotal role in hyperdynamic septic diseases. To unravel specific signaling networks activated by H5N1 we used a genome-wide comparative systems biology approach analyzing gene expression in human ECs infected with three different human and avian influenza strains of high and low pathogenicity. Blocking of specific signaling pathways revealed that H5N1 induces an exceptionally NF-κB–dependent gene response in human endothelia. Additionally, the IFN-driven antiviral program in ECs is shown to be dependent on IFN regulatory factor 3 but significantly impaired upon H5N1 infection compared with low pathogenic influenza virus. As additional modulators of this H5N1-specific imbalanced gene response pattern, we identified HMGA1 as a novel transcription factor specifically responsible for the overwhelming proinflammatory but not antiviral response, whereas NFATC4 was found to regulate transcription of specifically H5N1-induced genes. We describe for the first time, to our knowledge, defined signaling patterns specifically activated by H5N1, which, in contrast to low pathogenic influenza viruses, are responsible for an imbalance of an overwhelming proinflammatory and impaired antiviral gene program.
Low‐Symmetry Monoclinic Phases and Polarization Rotation Path Mediated by Epitaxial Strain in Multiferroic BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Zuhuang , Luo Zhenlin , Huang Chuanwei , Qi Yajun , Yang Ping , You Lu , Hu Chuansheng , Wu Tom , Wang Junling , Gao Chen , Sritharan Thirumany , Chen Lang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA morphotropic phase boundary driven by epitaxial strain has been observed in lead‐free multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films and the strain‐driven phase transitions have been widely reported as iso‐symmetric Cc‐Cc by recent works. In this paper, it is suggested that the tetragonal‐like BiFeO3 phase identified in epitaxial films on (001) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates is monoclinic MC. This MC phase is different from the MA type monoclinic phase reported in BiFeO3 films grown on low mismatch substrates, such as SrTiO3. This is confirmed not only by synchrotron X‐ray studies but also by piezoresponse force microscopy measurements. The polarization vectors of the tetragonal‐like phase lie in the (100) plane, not the (110) plane as previously reported. A phenomenological analysis is proposed to explain the formation of MC Phase. Such a low‐symmetry MC phase, with its linkage to MA phase and the multiphase coexistence open an avenue for large piezoelectric response in BiFeO3 films and shed light on a complete understanding of possible polarization rotation paths and enhanced multiferroicity in BiFeO3 films mediated by epitaxial strain. This work may also aid the understanding of developing new lead‐free strain‐driven morphotropic phase boundary in other ferroic systems.
Frustration of antiferromagnetism in the t‐t′‐Hubbard model at weak coupling
Authors: Hofstetter W. , Vollhardt D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe perfect‐nesting instability towards antiferromagnetism of the Hubbard model is suppressed by next‐nearest neighbor hopping t′. The asymptotic behavior of the critical coupling Uc(t′) at small t′ is calculated in dimensions d = 2,3, ∞ using Hartree theory; this yields the exact result at least in d > 2. The order of the transition is also determined. A region of stability of a metallic antiferromagnetic phase in d = 3 is identified.
On the averaged quantum dynamics by white‐noise hamiltonians with and without dissipation
Authors: Fischer Werner , Leschke Hajo , Mülle Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractExact results are derived on the averaged dynamics of a class of random quantum‐dynamical systems in continuous space. Each member of the class is characterized by a Hamiltonian which is the sum of two parts. While one part is deterministic, time‐independent and quadratic, the Weyl‐Wigner symbol of the other part is a homogeneous Gaussian random field which is delta correlated in time, but smoothly correlated in position and momentum. The averaged dynamics of the resulting white‐noise system is shown to be a monotone mixing increasing quantum‐dynamical semigroup. Its generator is computed explicitly. Typically, in the course of time the mean energy of such a system grows linearly to infinity. In the second part of the paper an extended model is studied, which, in addition, accounts for dissipation by coupling the white‐noise system linearly to a quantum‐mechanical harmonic heat bath. It is demonstrated that, under suitable assumptions on the spectral density of the heat bath, the mean energy then saturates for long times.
Localization length exponent, critical conductance distribution and multifractality in hierarchical network models for the quantum Hall effect
Authors: Weymer Andreas , Janssen Martin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe study hierarchical network models which have recently been introduced to approximate the Chalker‐Coddington model for the integer quantum Hall effect (A.G. Galstyan and M.E. Raikh, PRB 5 (1997) 1422; Arovas et al., PRB 56 (1997) 4751). The hierarchical structure is due to a recursive method starting from a finite elementary cell. The localization‐delocalization transition occurring in these models is displayed in the flow of the conductance distribution under increasing system size. We numerically determine this flow, calculate the critical conductance distribution, the critical exponent of the localization length, and the multifractal exponents of critical eigenstates.
Disappearance of time integrals of exact memory functions in time‐convolution generalized master equations
Authors: Čápek Vladislav 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMemory functions in time‐convolution Generalized Master Equations (GME) for probabilities of finding a general system (interacting by a general coupling with a true thermodynamic bath) in individual states are considered without resorting to any approximation. After taking the thermodynamic bath limit, time integrals from zero to infinite times of the memories are considered. It is argued that these integrals entering, e.g., the usual naive Markov approximation converting GME the Pauli master (PME) equations are exactly zero. This implies long‐time tails of memories (unobtainable by perturbational expansions) and slower‐than‐exponential long‐time asymptotics of relaxation.
Oxidische Nanomaterialien: Von der Synthese über den Mechanismus zur technologischen Innovation
Authors: Patzke Greta R. , Zhou Ying , Kontic Roman , Conrad Franziska 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOxidische Nanomaterialien verbinden eine einzigartige und unerschöpfliche Vielfalt struktureller Motive und Eigenschaften mit einer großen Bandbreite morphologischer Variationen – dies macht sie unverzichtbar für nanotechnologische Innovationen. Die Familie der Oxidmaterialien ist in einem stetigen Wachstum begriffen, und somit liegt eine beträchtliche präparative und technologische Arbeit vor uns, um diese Fülle von Komponenten für neuartige Anwendungen auf der Nanoskala zu erschließen. Dies erfordert die Entwicklung zuverlässiger und skalierbarer Präparationsstrategien, die aber besonders für nanostrukturierte Oxide mit komplexer Zusammensetzung eine Herausforderung sind. Mit ihrem anspruchsvollen physikochemischen Hintergrund eröffnen die bislang eingeführten Methoden den Weg zu nanoskaligen Oxiden verschiedenartiger Morphologie, die auf konventionelle Weise nur schwer erhältlich sind. Die vielfältigen modularen Optionen nanoskaliger Oxide als neue Bausteine können revolutionäre Entwicklungen vorantreiben, von der Datenverarbeitung bis hin zur Biokatalyse. Um diese Wechselwirkungen entsprechend zu nutzen, bedarf die Oxid‐Nanotechnologie des 21. Jahrhunderts einer starken Kombination aus präparativer Kreativität, analytischen Instrumentarien und neuen Anwendungsideen.
Oxide Nanomaterials: Synthetic Developments, Mechanistic Studies, and Technological Innovations
Authors: Patzke Greta R. , Zhou Ying , Kontic Roman , Conrad Franziska 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOxide nanomaterials are indispensable for nanotechnological innovations, because they combine an infinite variety of structural motifs and properties with manifold morphological features. Given that new oxide materials are almost reported on a daily basis, considerable synthetic and technological work remains to be done to fully exploit this ever increasing family of compounds for innovative nano‐applications. This calls for reliable and scalable preparative approaches to oxide nanomaterials and their development remains a challenge for many complex nanostructured oxides. Oxide nanomaterials with special physicochemical features and unusual morphologies are still difficult to access by classic synthetic pathways. The limitless options for creating nano‐oxide building blocks open up new technological perspectives with the potential to revolutionize areas ranging from data processing to biocatalysis. Oxide nanotechnology of the 21st century thus needs a strong interplay of preparative creativity, analytical skills, and new ideas for synergistic implementations.
Antimycobacterial and antimicrobial study of new 1,2,4‐triazoles with benzothiazoles
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Khan Imran H. , Rajani Smita D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, we report the antimycobacterial and antimicrobial evaluation of newly synthesized 3‐(3‐pyridyl)‐5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐(N‐substituted‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐amino)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole 6a–j in good yields. All the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C‐NMR and Mass spectral data. In‐vitro antimycobacterial activity was carried out against (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) H37Rv strain using Lowenstein‐Jensen medium and antimicrobial activity against two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes), two Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungal species (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus) using the broth microdilution method. Compounds 2e, 6a, 6g, 6h, and 6j exhibited promising antimicrobial activity whereas compound 6j showed very good antimycobacterial activity.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of New Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives
Authors: Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Padmini Valisakka Gari , Suneetha Kyatham , Shireesha Boyapati , Vidyasagar Jannu Vincent , Rao Tadikonda Rama , K N Jayaveera , Basu Arijit , Jayaprakash Venkatesan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThiosemicarbazones of p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Hydroxamate derivatives 4a–4l were found to have better antimicrobial and anticancer activity than their acid counterpart. Compound 4d was found to have good antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis with IC50 value of about 1 µM. Compound 4f showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (IC50 = 1.29 µM) and compound 4h showed potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 0.07 µM).
The contribution of geophysical prospecting in the reconstruction of the buried ancient environments of the house of Marcus Fabius Rufus (Pompeii, Italy)
Authors: Maio R. Di , Fedi M. , Manna M. La , Grimaldi M. , Pappalardo U. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn integrated geophysical study was carried out in a Roman house in the archaeological area of Pompeii (Italy). The house, once owned by Marcus Fabius Rufus, is an important architectural building overlooking a large garden that is likely to contain buried archaeological structures. The geophysical survey was planned to support an archaeological reconstruction of the residential complex, which was based on the assumption that the house was surrounded by an arcade. Electromagnetic data allowed us to assess the most promising areas for investigating the subsoil within the garden. The resistivity method yielded more detailed results and a further non‐invasive geophysical technique, self‐potential, confirmed the presence of very shallow structures. We performed an integrated interpretation of the data and detected structures buried under different volcanic eruptions succeeding the Plinian event of Mount Somma‐Vesuvius inAD79. Specifically, several structures were found at a very shallow depth; their shapes are regular and the physical parameters are interpreted as anthropogenic remnants, whose geometry does not appear to be linked to architectural elements of a classical arcade. A test excavation revealed the presence of walls whose configuration corresponded with basins for water collection. Apart from the detected remains, the characterization of the pyroclastic deposits in terms of conductivity and of susceptibility allowed a synthesis of the stratigraphic context. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RobustH∞fuzzy observer‐based tracking control design for a class of nonlinear stochastic Markovian jump systems
Authors: Huang Ran , Lin Yan , Lin Zhongwei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the stochasticH∞tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear stochastic Markovian jump systems. The attention is focused on the design of a fuzzy observer‐based fuzzy controller such that anH∞model reference tracking performance is guaranteed for admissible disturbances. A sufficient condition is established to guarantee the existence of the desired robust controller, which is given in terms of a set of coupled matrix inequalities. Moreover, a novel decoupled method is proposed to transform the sufficient condition into some linear matrix inequality (LMI) form such that observer gains and control gains can be simultaneously obtained by solving a set of LMIs. Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Experimental Revaluation of the Importance of the Abstraction Channel in the Reactions of Monoterpenes with OH Radicals
Authors: Rio Caroline , Flaud Pierre‐Marie , Loison Jean‐Christophe , Villenave Eric 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe primary oxidation steps of (γ‐terpinene+OH) and (d‐limonene+OH) reactions are investigated using two techniques: an excimer laser photolysis set‐up coupled with UV absorption spectrometry performed at atmospheric pressure and a fast‐flow reactor coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry at low pressure. OH radicals are generated either by photolysis of H2O2or via the reaction of H atoms with NO2. The primary reaction of monoterpenes with hydroxyl radicals can proceed by two reaction pathways: OH‐addition and H‐abstraction. The branching ratios for these channels are measured at various pressures for (γ‐terpinene+OH) and (d‐limonene+OH) reactions and a discussion on the H‐abstraction importance for reactions of monoterpenes with hydroxyl radicals is proposed. H‐abstraction may contribute to (31±9) % and (34±8) % respectively, forγ‐terpinene andd‐limonene reactions with OH at atmospheric pressure and respectively to (28±6) % and (28±8) % at low pressure (between 0.5 and 2.8 torr). As already pointed out by the Leuven group of Peeters, H‐abstraction may be a significant reaction pathway for the reactions of monoterpenes with hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, oxidation products resulting from the H‐abstraction should not be neglected in the mechanisms describing the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from gas‐phase reactions of monoterpenes+OH.
Phase transformation of guanosine 5′‐monophosphate in drowning‐out crystallization: Comparison of experimental results with mathematical modeling
Authors: Nguyen Anh‐Tuan , Kang Jeong‐Ki , Choi Guang Jin , Kim Woo‐Sik 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe phase transformation of Guanosine 5′‐Monophousphate (GMP) in drowning‐out crystallization using a batch system was experimentally monitored and mathematically modeled. The solid (amorphous and crystalline GMP hydrate) and liquid phases of the GMP products were simultaneously monitored using a video microscope, FT‐IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy during the phase transformation. For the modeling, the phase transformation was assumed to occur via the simultaneous dissolution of amorphous GMP and growth of crystalline GMP hydrate in the solution. Based on a comparison of the experimental results and model predictions, both the dissolution and growth of the GMP solids were found to contribute competitively to the phase transformation. When varying the crystallization conditions, in this case the agitation speed and feed concentration, the phase transformation was significantly promoted when increasing the agitation speed, yet independent of the feed concentration. The simple mathematical model used for the GMP phase transformation was quite successful in describing the experimental results. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ecosystem level assessment of environmentally based flow restrictions for maintaining ecosystem integrity: a comparison of a modified peaking versus unaltered river
Authors: Smokorowski K. E. , Metcalfe R. A. , Finucan S. D. , Jones N. , Marty J. , Power M. , Pyrce R. S. , Steele R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough dams have impounded the majority of the world's altered watercourses, there is a growing awareness of the importance of mitigating or reversing some of the negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and the related services they provide. We used an ecosystem approach, including detailed studies on hydrology, geomorphology, invertebrates, fish, and food web dynamics on a river altered by waterpower production and a natural flowing river to assess system responses to a change in the altered flow regime (specifically the ramping rate or rate of change of flow). Although there was significant alteration in the flow and sediment regimes under the original restricted ramping rate regime, differences in many biotic variables in the two rivers were not significant including total invertebrate abundance and diversity, fish biomass, fish condition, and food web length. However, significant differences in the abundance and distribution of some sensitive invertebrate taxa and fish diversity were observed between the altered and natural flowing rivers as was the energy base of the food web, measured with stable isotopes. The altered river had lower overall abundance of Odonata, Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, and Diptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Coleoptera increase in abundance towards the deeper and higher velocity thalweg. On average, δ13C values were lighter in altered sites compared to unaltered sites, likely due to carbon export from the upstream reservoir. Results will inform Canadian federal and provincial policy concerning the efficacy of ramping rate restrictions as a tool to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with peaking waterpower dam operations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Crown in the right of Canada
Cannabinoid receptor activation leads to massive mobilization of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells with potent immunosuppressive properties
Authors: Hegde Venkatesh L. , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCannabinoid receptor activation by agents such as Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is known to trigger immune suppression. Here, we show that administration of THC in mice leads to rapid and massive expansion of CD11b+Gr‐1+myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) expressing functional arginase and exhibiting potent immunosuppressive properties bothin vitroandin vivo. The induction of MDSC by THC was associated with a significant increase in granulocyte CSF. Moreover, administration of anti‐granulocyte CSF Ab inhibited the induction of MDSC by THC. THC was able to induce MDSC in TLR4 mutant C3H and C57BL10/ScN mice and hence acted independently of TLR4. Accumulation of MDSC in the periphery with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of CD11b+Gr‐1+cells in the bone marrow, as well asin vivoBrdU labeling and cell‐cycle analysis, showed that THC induced mobilization of these cells from bone marrow and their expansion in the periphery. Use of selective antagonists SR141716A and SR144528 against cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, respectively, as well as receptor‐deficient mice showed that induction of MDSC was mediated through activation of both cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. These studies demonstrate that cannabinoid receptor signaling may play a crucial role in immune regulationviathe induction of MDSC.