bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process of obtaining of sugar from sugar beet and influence on its quality
Authors: Bojňanská Tatiana , Bennár Marek , Frančáková Helena , Tokár Marián 
Published: February 2011

Cooking of massecuites has been study in the connection with different particle size distribution of white sugar. During the crystallization is possible to operate with parameters which have influence on particle size of white sugar. Dry matter of juice in crystallizer, volume of the standard syrup in crystallizer and heating curve of crystallization process are constant parameters in this process. Quantity of slurry (seed magma crystallizate) and volume of slurry massecuite are parameters which can be changed for control the particle size distribution of white sugar. Five variants of viable parameters have been trying for obtain ideal particle size distribution of white sugar. As a best has been evaluated variant with 1100 cm3 of slurry and 20 % of volume of slurry massecuite in crystallizer. This variant has had the crystals proportions captured by the sieves between 1.00 and 0.40 mm with minimal differences in weight. More results have been related to reduction of losses of sugar in molasses with the right setting for the line of cooling crystallization process. The looses of sugar can be reduced by adding two coolers in the end of cooling crystalization process what will decrease a temperature to 40 ° C. This temperature will lead to more efficient crystallization in the cooling crystallization process.
Association of Hospice Agency Profit Status With Patient Diagnosis, Location of Care, and Length of Stay
Authors: Wachterman Melissa W. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Davis Roger B. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: February 2011

ContextMedicare’s per diem payment structure may create financial incentives to select patients who require less resource-intensive care and have longer hospice stays. For-profit and nonprofit hospices may respond differently to financial incentives.ObjectiveTo compare patient diagnosis and location of care between for-profit and nonprofit hospices and examine whether number of visits per day and length of stay vary by diagnosis and profit status.Design, Setting, and PatientsCross-sectional study using data from the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey. Nationally representative sample of 4705 patients discharged from hospice.Main Outcome MeasuresDiagnosis and location of care (home, nursing home, hospital, residential hospice, or other) by hospice profit status. Hospice length of stay and number of visits per day by various hospice personnel.ResultsFor-profit hospices (1087 discharges from 145 agencies), compared with nonprofit hospices (3618 discharges from 524 agencies), had a lower proportion of patients with cancer (34.1%; 95% CI, 29.9%-38.6%, vs 48.4%; 95% CI, 45.0%-51.8%) and a higher proportion of patients with dementia (17.2%; 95% CI, 14.1%-20.8%, vs 8.4%; 95% CI, 6.6%-10.6%) and other noncancer diagnoses (48.7%; 95% CI, 43.2%-54.1%, vs 43.2%; 95% CI, 40.0%-46.5%; adjusted P &amp;lt; .001). After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and agency characteristics, there was no significant difference in location of care by profit status. For-profit hospices compared with nonprofit hospices had a significantly longer length of stay (median, 20 days; interquartile range [IQR], 6-88, vs 16 days; IQR, 5-52 days; adjusted P = .01) and were more likely to have patients with stays longer than 365 days (6.9%; 95% CI, 5.0%-9.4%, vs 2.8%; 95% CI, 2.0%-4.0%) and less likely to have patients with stays of less than 7 days (28.1%; 95% CI, 23.9%-32.7%, vs 34.3%; 95% CI, 31.3%-37.3%; P = .005). Compared with cancer patients, those with dementia or other diagnoses had fewer visits per day from nurses (0.50 visits; IQR, 0.32-0.87, vs 0.37 visits; IQR, 0.20-0.78, and 0.41 visits; IQR, 0.26-0.79, respectively; adjusted P = .002) and social workers (0.15 visits; IQR, 0.07-0.31, vs 0.11 visits; IQR, 0.04-0.27, and 0.14 visits; IQR, 0.07-0.31, respectively; adjusted P &amp;lt; .001).ConclusionCompared with nonprofit hospice agencies, for-profit hospice agencies had a higher percentage of patients with diagnoses associated with lower-skilled needs and longer lengths of stay.
A comparative study on testicular microstructure and relative sperm production in gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans
Authors: Fujii‐Hanamoto Hideko , Matsubayashi Kiyoaki , Nakano Mayumi , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Enomoto Tomoo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe performed histological analyses for comparing testicular microstructure between the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan. Testicular samples were obtained by autopsy or biopsy from 10 gorillas, 11 chimpanzees, and 7 orangutans from several zoos and institutes. The seminiferous epithelia were thick in the chimpanzee and orangutan but thin in the gorilla. Leydig cells in the interstitial tissue were abundant in the gorilla. The acrosomic system was extremely well developed in the orangutans. Our study reveals that the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in orangutan testis can be divided into ten stages, whereas that in human, chimpanzee, and gorilla testes can be divided into only six stages. Phylogenetic analyses of the number of divisions may indicate that the seminiferous epithelium of our common ancestor has changed since the orangutan diverged from it. Furthermore, we performed comparative analyses of testicular microstructure to estimate relative sperm production among these three animals, and proposed a new indicator (namely the spermatogenic index, SI) closely related to sperm production. The SI indicated that a chimpanzee usually produces about 223 times more sperm than a gorilla and about 14 times more than an orangutan. Our data demonstrate the significance of the SI for estimating sperm production, thus aiding our understanding of the reproductive strategy as well as testis weight and relative testis size in investigated primates. Am. J. Primatol. 73: 570‐577, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parametric sensitivity analysis and reduction of a detailed nutritional model of plant cell cultures
Authors: Mailier J. , Delmotte A. , Cloutier M. , Jolicoeur M. , Wouwer A. Vande 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA kinetic model of plant nutrition described by Cloutier et al. (Cloutier et al., 2008. Biotechnol Bioeng 99:189–200) is progressively simplified so as to obtain a predictive model that describes the evolution of the biomass and the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of three determining nutrients, that is, free intracellular nitrogen, phosphate, and carbohydrate compounds. Three techniques of global sensitivity analysis are successively applied to assess the model parameter influence and potential correlation. The resulting dynamic model is able to predict plant growth for the two most encountered plant bioprocesses, namely suspension cells and hairy roots. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1108–1118. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Naphthalene and Related Systems peri‐Substituted by Group 15 and 16 Elements
Authors: Kilian Petr , Knight Fergus R. , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSynthetic and bonding aspects of heavier Group 15 (P, As, Sb, Bi) and 16 (S, Se, Te) peri‐substituted naphthalenes, are discussed in this review. An important and unifying feature of the chemistry of these systems is the lively discussion about the nature of the interaction between peri‐atoms. Are atoms bonded when they are closer than the sum of their van der Waals radii? Is there any (weak) bonding, or just a strained repulsive interaction? Positioning atoms of Group 15 and 16 at the naphthalene 1,8‐positions provides leading systems with which to study these bonding issues.
Colorimetric Detection of DNA by Modulation of Thrombin Activity on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Jian Jyun‐Wei , Huang Chih‐Ching 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA colorimetric, non‐cross‐linking aggregation‐based gold‐nanoparticle (AuNP) probe has been developed for the detection of DNA and the analysis of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The probe acts by modulating the enzyme activity of thrombin relative to fibrinogen. A thrombin‐binding aptamer with a 29‐base‐long oligonucleotide (TBA29) assembled on the nanoparticles (TBA29–AuNPs) through sandwich DNA hybridization was found to possess ultra‐high anticoagulant potency. The enzyme inhibition of thrombin was determined by thrombin‐induced aggregation of fibrinogen‐functionalized 56 nm AuNPs (Fib–AuNPs). The potency of the inhibition of TBA29–AuNPs relative to thrombin—and thus the degree of aggregation of the Fib–AuNPs—is highly dependent on the concentration of perfectly matched DNA (DNApm). Under optimal conditions [Tris–HCl (20 mM, pH 7.4), KCl (5 mm), MgCl2 (1 mm), CaCl2 (1 mM), NaCl (150 mm), thrombin (10 pm), and TBA29–AuNPs (20 pM)], the new TBA29–AuNP/Fib–AuNP probe shows linear sensitivity to DNApm in the concentration range 20–500 pM with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The limit of detection for DNApm was experimentally determined to be 12 pM, based on a signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) of 3. The new probe was successfully applied to the analysis of an SNP that is responsible for sickle cell anemia. Relative to conventional molecular‐beacon‐based probes, the new probe offers the advantages of higher sensitivity and selectivity towards DNA and lower cost, showing its great potential for practical studies of SNPs.
Is Hyperoxic Ventilation Important to Treat Acute Coronary Syndromes Such As Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Conti C. Richard 
Published: February 2011

Abstractmagnified image After reviewing the literature, I was unable to find hard evidence that the use of supplemental oxygen (hyperbaric or normobaric) in an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is beneficial, and there is some evidence that it may be harmful. . © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical implications of UGT1A1*28 genotype testing in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Shulman Katerina , Cohen Ilana , Barnett‐Griness Ofra , Kuten Abraham , Gruber Stephen B. , Lejbkowicz Flavio , Rennert Gad 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Metastatic colorectal cancer is frequently treated with irinotecan, a topoisomerase‐I inhibitor. The UGT1A1 gene encodes for an enzyme that metabolizes irinotecan, and its genetic variants were shown to be associated with increased drug toxicity. We evaluated clinical outcomes associated with the UGT1A1*28 variant.METHODS:The study included 329 colorectal cancer patients from the Israeli population‐based Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer study who were treated with a chemotherapy regimen that included irinotecan. Patients with metastases or disease recurrence were followed up for a median period of 2 years after occurrence of the event. Study end points were appearance of grade 3‐4 hematological and gastroenterological toxicity, hospitalization due to toxic events (mostly neutropenia, fever, diarrhea, or vomiting), length of hospitalization, and overall survival. UGT1A1*28 was genotyped from peripheral blood DNA by fragment analysis and reported as number of TATA sequence repeats in the promoter of the gene.RESULTS:The 7/7 variant of UGT1A1*28 was detected in 11.9% of the 329 participants. Grade 3‐4 hematological toxicity was significantly higher in 7/7 carriers compared with 6/7 and 6/6 carriers (48.0%,10.2%, and 7.7% respectively; P < .001), as was the risk of toxicity‐related hospitalization (45.8%, 25.3%, and 14.4% respectively; P = .001). Both short‐term death within 2 months of treatment start (12.8%, 5.2%, and 2.9%, respectively) and median overall survival (1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 years, respectively; P = .01) were significantly worse in the 7/7 carriers. The age/stage‐adjusted hazard ratio for patients with the 7/7 genotype compared with 6/6 was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.1‐2.3).CONCLUSIONS:The UGT1A1*28 7/7 genotype is strongly associated with severe hematological toxicity and higher hospitalization rate and predicts lower survival of colorectal cancer in users of irinotecan. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
RECK in osteosarcoma
Authors: Clark Jonathan C. M. , Akiyama Toru , Thomas David M. , Labrinidis Agatha , Evdokiou Andreas , Galloway Stuart J. , Kim Han‐Soo , Dass Crispin R. , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Targeted therapy in osteosarcoma (OS) is needed to improve patient outcomes. Human RECK may have a role because it inhibits cancer invasion and regulates angiogenesis. This study aimed to characterize RECK expression in human OS, to examine in vitro effects of RECK on vascular endothelium and OS cell behavior, and to analyze the effect of RECK on OS grown orthotopically in nude mice.METHODS:RECK was examined in human OS samples. Interactions between RECK and VEGF were studied in tissue and cells. RECK transfection was used to study its effects on vascular endothelial (HMEC‐1) and OS (SaOS‐2) cell behavior in vitro and in vivo. SaOS‐2 co‐culture with RAW 246.7‐derived osteoclasts on osteoslides was used to assess effects on osteoclast activity.RESULTS:RECK was absent from OS cells but was expressed in tumor vessel endothelium. Via microarray analysis, RECK mRNA was elevated in samples with low proliferative activity, a trend most evident in poorly differentiated samples. VEGF induced RECK expression in HMEC‐1. RECK transfection inhibited HMEC‐1 invasion and induced thicker, although more numerous, tube formation. RECK inhibited SaOS‐2 invasion, proliferation, colony formation, and osteoclast activity but supported SaOS‐2 adhesion to collagen I. In vivo, RECK inhibited SaOS‐2 tumor growth, bone destruction, and consequent metastasis.CONCLUSIONS:RECK expression is downregulated in highly proliferative OS but is present in tumor vessels and upregulated in endothelium by VEGF. RECK inhibits invasion and tumorigenic properties in SaOS‐2, as confirmed in vivo. Further testing of RECK delivery in OS is warranted. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Oncologic outcomes of open conservation laryngectomy for radiorecurrent laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Paleri Vinidh , Thomas Ligy , Basavaiah Natesh , Drinnan Mike , Mehanna Hisham , Jones Terry 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The role of open conservation (partial) laryngeal surgery in radiorecurrent laryngeal cancers is unclear, and the procedure is not widely accepted or practiced. The objective of this review was to assess the oncologic and functional outcomes of partial laryngectomy in radiorecurrent tumors of the larynx reported in the literature.METHODS:The systematic review was performed using independently developed search strategies and included Medline, Embase, Zetoc, conference proceedings, and, when appropriate, a manual search. Inclusion criteria for the articles were set a priori. All included articles were subjected to quality assessment. Pooled estimates of local control at 24 months and of disease‐free and overall survival rates were calculated using both a fixed‐effects model (inverse square) and a random‐effects model (DerSimonian‐Laird).RESULTS:The search identified 401 publications, of which 26 studies satisfied all inclusion criteria. Ten studies had a quality score ≥6 (good), and 16 had a score of 4 or 5 (fair). The pooled estimates of oncologic outcomes using the random‐effects model were as follows: The local control rate at 24 months for 560 patients was 86.9% (95% CI, 84%‐89.5%), the disease‐free survival rate for 352 patients was 91.2% (95% CI, 88.2%‐93.9%), and the overall survival rate for 360 patients was 83.1% (95% CI, 79.1%‐86.7%). Decannulation of tracheostomy occurred in 95.1% (95% CI, 92.6%‐97.2%) of the patients who were analyzed (n = 315), whereas the pooled mean larynx preservation rate was 83.9% (95% CI, 80.7%‐87%; n = 502)CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that open partial laryngectomies are oncologically sound procedures in the salvage setting and have a high larynx preservation rate. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Adjuvant radiotherapy for completely resected stage 2 thymoma
Authors: Berman Abigail T. , Litzky Leslie , Livolsi Virginia , Singhal Sunil , Kucharczuk John C. , Cooper Joel D. , Friedberg Joseph R. , Evans Tracey L. , Stevenson James P. , Metz James M. , Hahn Stephen M. , Rengan Ramesh 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The clinical benefit of postoperative mediastinal radiation for completely resected Masaoka stage 2 thymoma remains controversial. Due to its indolent nature and infrequent recurrences, no study has definitively determined the optimal approach.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed 175 consecutive patients who underwent thymic resection from January 1990 to July 2008 at the University of Pennsylvania. The primary endpoint was local recurrence, defined as recurrence within the surgical bed, treated by resection alone versus resection plus radiation. Patients with high recurrence risk were referred for adjuvant radiotherapy.RESULTS:Seventy‐four Masaoka stage 2 patients were resected; 62 underwent complete resections with adequate postsurgical follow‐up. Thirty‐seven patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and 25 patients were observed. The median radiation dose was 5040 cGy. The median follow‐up for all patients was 52 months. The local recurrence rate was 3.2%. The proportion of recurrences in patients observed after surgery was 8% versus 0% in those who received adjuvant radiotherapy (P = .15). Size was not an independent predictor of recurrence (P = .81). The tumor‐related death rate was 0%, and overall death rate was 3.2%. One death occurred in each group, observation, and radiation. There were no grade 3 or 4 complications with radiation.CONCLUSIONS:Recurrence rates were low following resection of stage 2 thymoma either with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy, although well‐tolerated, did not significantly decrease the local relapse rate. Differences may be observed in future studies of patients who are at higher risk for local recurrence, based on completeness of resection, World Health Organization histology, and tumor size. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment improved neurophysiologic performance in brain tumor patients after neurosurgery and radiotherapy
Authors: Schellart Nico A. M. , Reits Dik , van der Kleij Adrian J. , Stalpers Lukas J. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Cognitive performance often is impaired permanently in long‐term brain tumor survivors after neurosurgery and radiotherapy. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) stimulates neovascularization of hypoperfused tissue and may result in improved functionality of damaged tissue. In this pilot study, clinical neurophysiologic tests were used to assess the effect of HBOT on brain performance.METHODS:Ten long‐term brain tumor survivors received HBOT for severe cognitive deficits after neurosurgery and radiosurgery. Patients were tested before HBOT and at 6 weeks and 4 months after HBOT. The tests comprised a quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) examination, the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) for memory performance, and 2 cognitive tests, the number connection test (NCT) and the continuous reaction time test (CRTT). Late event‐related components (LERCs) of averaged evoked EEG responses to a visual odd‐ball stimulus were analyzed from whole‐head activity maps. For comparison, a control group of healthy individuals (no HBOT) also were investigated.RESULTS:After HBOT, the amplitude of the LERC with the longest latency, P3b (involved in object interpretation) was improved significantly (P = .02). The amplitudes of the N200 (occipital, negative) and the intermediate P3a (centroparietal, positive), LERCs with shorter latencies, and of a small, positive, occipital visual component did not change. Neither latencies nor reaction times changed after HBOT. However, P3a and P3b (parietal, positive) latencies were longer in survivors than in healthy individuals. The NCT produced inconclusive results, but the IQCODE revealed an improvement. When outcomes of the NCT, CRTT, IQCODE, and P3b amplitudes were evaluated in common tests, HBOT appeared to provide substantial improvement (P<.006).CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the current results, the authors concluded tentatively that HBOT improves neurophysiologic performance in long‐term brain tumor survivors. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal
Authors: Bazan Jose G. , Hara Wendy , Hsu Annie , Kunz Pamela A. , Ford James , Fisher George A. , Welton Mark L. , Shelton Andrew , Kapp Daniel S. , Koong Albert C. , Goodman Karyn A. , Chang Daniel T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in patients with anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) who were treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy by either intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or conventional radiotherapy (CRT).METHODS:Forty‐six patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy from January 1993 to August 2009 were included. Forty‐five patients received 5‐fluorouracil with mitomycin C (n = 39) or cisplatin (n = 6). Seventeen (37%) were treated with CRT and 29 (63%) with IMRT. The median dose was 54 Gy in both groups. Median follow‐up was 26 months (CRT) and 32 months (IMRT). T3‐T4 stage (P = .18) and lymph node‐positive disease (P = .6) were similar between groups.RESULTS:The CRT group required longer treatment duration (57 days vs 40 days, P < .0001), more treatment breaks (88% vs 34.5%, P = .001), and longer breaks (12 days vs 1.5 days, P < .0001) than patients treated with IMRT. Eleven (65%) patients in the CRT group experienced grade >2 nonhematologic toxicity compared with 6 (21%) patients in the IMRT group (P = .003). The 3‐year overall survival (OS), locoregional control (LRC), and progression‐free survival were 87.8%, 91.9%, and 84.2%, respectively, for the IMRT groups and 51.8%, 56.7%, and 56.7%, respectively, for the CRT group (all P < .01). On multivariate analysis, T stage, use of IMRT, and treatment duration were associated with OS, and T stage and use of IMRT were associated with LRC.CONCLUSIONS:The use of IMRT was associated with less toxicity, reduced need for treatment breaks, and excellent LRC and OS compared with CRT in patients with SCCA of the anal canal. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.