bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate dry decontamination using efficient absorbent materials is beneficial following skin exposure to low‐volatile toxic chemicals
Authors: Thors Lina , Wigenstam Elisabeth , Qvarnström Johanna , Wästerby Pär , Öberg Linda , Bucht Anders 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn a chemical mass casualty incident requiring skin decontamination, dry removal using absorbent materials may be beneficial to enable immediate decontamination. The efficacy of absorbent materials has therefore been evaluated, alone or procedures including both dry and wet decontamination, following skin exposure to two low volatile toxic chemicals using an in vitro human skin penetration model. Additionally, removal using active carbon wipes was evaluated with or without the Dahlgren Decon solution. All dry decontamination procedures resulted in a significantly decreased skin penetration rate of the industrial chemical 2‐butoxyethanol compared to the control without decontamination. Wet decontamination following dry absorption significantly improved the efficacy compared to dry removal alone. Dry decontamination post‐exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent VX showed no decontamination efficacy. However, dry and wet decontamination resulted in a decreased agent skin penetration rate during the last hour of the experiment. At −15°C, significantly reduced VX skin penetration rates were demonstrated for both dry decontamination alone and the dry and wet decontamination procedure. The Dahlgren Decon solution significantly reduced the amount of VX penetrating the skin, but the active carbon wipe alone did not impact the skin penetration rate. In conclusion, absorbent materials are beneficial for the removal of low‐volatile chemicals from the skin, but the degree of efficacy varies between chemicals. Despite the variability, immediate dry decontamination using available absorbent materials prior to wet decontamination is recommended as a general procedure for skin decontamination. The procedure should also be prioritized in cold‐weather conditions to prevent patient hypothermia.
Successful management of maternal anti‐PP1Pk alloimmunization in pregnancy with therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Hadjiyannis Yannis , Jones Jennifer M. , Chibisov Irina , Kiss Joseph , Gabert Kim , Sevcik Joan , Bakdash Suzanne , Binstock Anna , Kilonsky Carolyn , Parviainen Kristiina , Kaplan Alesia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnti‐PP1PK alloimmunization is rare given ubiquitous P1PK expression. Prevention of recurrent miscarriages and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in pregnant individuals with anti‐PP1PK antibodies has relied upon individual reports. Here, we demonstrate the successful management of maternal anti‐PP1PK alloimmunization in a 23‐year‐old, G2P0010, with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and monitoring of anti‐PP1Pk titers. Twice‐weekly TPE (1.5 plasma volume [PV], 5% albumin replacement) with weekly titers and IVIG (1 g/kg) was initiated at 9 weeks of gestation (WG). The threshold titer was ≥16. Weekly middle cerebral artery‐peak systolic velocities (MCA‐PSV) for fetal anemia monitoring was initiated at 16 WG. PVs were adjusted throughout pregnancy based on treatment schedule, titers, and available albumin. Antigen‐negative, ABO‐compatible RBCs were obtained through the rare donor program and directed donation. An autologous blood autotransfusion system was reserved for delivery. Titers decreased from 128 to 8 by 10 WG. MCA‐PSV remained stable. At 24 WG, TPE decreased to once weekly. After titers increased to 32, twice‐weekly TPE resumed at 27 WG. Induction of labor was scheduled at 38 WG. Vaginal delivery of a 2950 g neonate (APGAR score: 9, 9) occurred without complication (Cord blood: 1+ IgG DAT; Anti‐PP1Pk eluted). Newborn hemoglobin and bilirubin were unremarkable. Discharge occurred postpartum day 2. Anti‐PP1Pk alloimmunization is rare but associated with recurrent miscarriages and HDFN. With multidisciplinary care, a successful pregnancy is possible with IVIG and TPE adjusted to PV and titers. We also propose a patient registry and comprehensive management plan.
Embracing certainty in uncertain times: Macroeconomic uncertainty, third‐party assurance, and CSR performance
Authors: Cho Kang Ho , Yi John Jongsei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur study investigates whether macro‐level uncertainty on the future economic prospects, referred to as macroeconomic uncertainty, affects corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Two competing theories, namely, the real options theory and the risk management theory, offer different perspectives on whether firms would increase or decrease their CSR performance in response to macroeconomic uncertainty. Existing literature documents inconclusive empirical evidence about this matter. Employing a novel and unbiased measure of macroeconomic uncertainty and drawing upon data from U.S. firms between 2006 and 2017, we find that CSR performance is negatively associated with macroeconomic uncertainty. We also document that the negative association between macro uncertainty and CSR performance is attenuated for firms that have their CSR reports independently assured by third‐party experts. The results are robust to controlling for firm characteristics, an alternative measure of macroeconomic uncertainty, and an alternative sample period excluding the 2008–2009 Financial Crisis.
Chronotype and depression in adolescence: Results from a UK birth cohort study
Authors: Tsomokos Dimitris I. , Halstead Elizabeth , Flouri Eirini 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch has established a bidirectional association between sleep disturbances and depression in both adults and youth, as well as links between depression and circadian rhythms and chronotype, predominantly in adult populations. However, the link between chronotype and depression in the general adolescent population, independently of poor sleep and prior mental health problems, remains unclear.MethodsThis study investigated the association between time‐to‐sleep (TTS) and depressive symptoms in middle adolescence (age 14 years) using data from a large, nationally representative birth cohort from the UK. The relationship between TTS and self‐reported number of depressive symptoms was adjusted for individual, family, and neighborhood characteristics, including sleep quality, earlier mental health, diet and family meal routines, body‐mass index, screen time, physical activity, chronic illness, special educational needs, peer victimization, socioeconomic status, maternal mental health, area safety and the built environment (air pollution).ResultsAn “evening” chronotype was positively associated with depressive symptoms, and biological sex moderated this association—with eveningness being more strongly related to depressive symptoms in females. TTS inconsistency between non‐school and school nights was associated with depressive symptoms and sleeping later on non‐school nights predicted fewer depressive symptoms. The results were robust to further sensitivity analyses that used the sleep midpoint on non‐school nights and controlled for sleep duration.LimitationsThis was a correlational study. The independent and dependent variables were self‐reported, and there was no clinical screening for sleep disorders. The TTS variables were provided in crude hour slots.ConclusionsA robust association was found between evening chronotype and depressive symptoms in middle adolescence, even after adjustment for a wide range of confounders. Eveningess and depressive symptoms were more strongly associated in females.
Caregiver strategies before intervention moderate caregiver fidelity and maintenance in RCT of JASPER intervention with autistic toddlers
Authors: Shih Wendy , Gulsrud Amanda , Kasari Connie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInterventions facilitated by caregivers have gained popularity among those caring for young children with autism. Instructing caregivers on specific techniques to foster social communication skills in their at‐risk or diagnosed autistic children has the potential to alleviate concerns about their children's development. Moreover, it can offer a more intensive early intervention compared to what community providers alone can deliver. This study seeks to explore the correlation between caregiver strategies employed prior to participating in a caregiver‐mediated intervention and the caregiver's fidelity to the intervention, as well as its sustainability during the follow‐up period and child outcomes. This study constitutes a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial that compared the joint attention, symbolic play, engagement, and regulation (JASPER) and Psychoeducational Education Intervention (PEI), revealing significant advancements in children's social communication skills with the JASPER intervention.MethodsEighty‐six children (average age 31.5 months) with ASD and their primary caregivers enrolled in the two armed randomized trial evaluating the effect of JASPER versus PEI. Generalized linear mixed models were used to model the longitudinal trajectories of the outcomes.ResultsResults indicated that caregivers in the JASPER intervention made more gains in overall JASPER strategies and individual domain strategies (environment, prompt, communication, mirrored pacing) compared to the caregivers in PEI (p's < 0.01) from baseline to exit. While both groups regressed some in overall and subdomain strategies at follow‐up, caregivers in the JASPER intervention maintained more overall, and specifically in communication, and mirrored pacing strategies compared to PEI group (p's < 0.05). Further, baseline caregiver strategies moderated the treatment effect of child's joint attention skills from exit to follow‐up (p = 0.002), where JASPER dyads with high caregiver strategy use at baseline continued to improve in JA skills post exit, whereas all other children did not.ConclusionIn summary, understanding caregiver style of interaction before intervention on caregiver fidelity and maintenance from exit to follow up and child progress is important to improving intervention uptake and child outcomes.
SEM and LM insights: Spore morphology and its taxonomic significance in Sino Himalayan, Malesian, and European elements of Pteridaceae
Authors: Shah Syed Nasar , Ercisli Sezai , Zaman Akhtar , Din Israr Ud , Khan Fahim Ullah , Khan Muhammad Nauman , Iqbal Majid , Ali Baber , Okla Mohammad K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Pteridaceae family, known for its taxonomic complexity, presents challenges in identification due to high variability among its species. This study investigates the spore morphology employing both SEM and LM techniques in 10 Pteridaceae taxa phytogeographicaly Sino‐Himalayan, Malesian, and European elements in Pakistan. The taxa include Adiantum capillus‐veneris, A. incisum, A. venustum, Aleuritopteris bicolor, Oeosporangium nitidulum, O. pteridioides, Onychium cryptogrammoides, O. vermae, Pteris cretica, and P. vittata. The objective is to assess their taxonomic relevance and develop a spore‐based taxonomic key. Findings indicate differences in spore shape, sizes, exospore thickness, and in surface ornamentation highlighting the potential for taxonomic differentiation. Spores are trilete, and notable differences are observed in the dimension of spores in both distal and proximal sides. Equatorial dimensions vary between 35 and 50 μm, while the polar diameter ranges from 29 to 50 μm. SEM revealed different spore ornamentation types that show several useful characteristics establishing valuable taxonomic variations. The studied Adiantum taxa feature a perispore with tubercules and a micro‐granulose surface. The spores of examined Oeosporangium and Aleuritopteris taxa shows cristate sculptures with variable ornamentations. Both species of Onychium have tuberculate‐pleated tubercles with sinuous folds on both distal and proximal sides. The surface ornamentation among examined Pteris taxa show variability. PCA analysis indicated that spore quantitative data identified distinct groups, underscoring taxonomic significance. Nevertheless, there was variation observed in surface ornamentation and spore shape, indicating the potential for discrimination among taxa.Research Highlights
Spore morphology of 10 Pteridaceae taxa has been investigated through LM and SEM.
Investigated species shows differences in spore shape, sizes, exospore thickness, and in surface ornamentation.
Ornamentation on the perispore provides several valuable characteristics, establishing useful taxonomic distinctions.
Spore morphological analysis is effective at the generic level, with minor distinctions discernible at the species level.
Antennal chemoreceptors in the European ectoparasitoid Sclerodermus cereicollis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)
Authors: Masini Paolo , Piersanti Silvana , Lupi Daniela , Salerno Gianandrea , Rebora Manuela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSclerodermus cereicollis is a European flat wasp ectoparasitoid of some longhorn beetle species. This species is important as a suitable biological control agent against xylophagous pests. To better understand its chemical ecology, the ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the adult was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sensilla are located mainly in the ventro‐medial side of the antennae. We report a clearly sexual dimorphism with respect to antennae length, and to types, number, and distribution of chemosensilla. The antennae in males are significantly longer than those of females. We describe in detail the external and internal structure of different chemoreceptors represented by sensilla placodea, long sensilla basiconica, multiporous sensilla chaetica, grooved sensilla ampullacea, uniporous grooved sensilla chaetica. The potential involvement of the different kinds of chemoreceptors in inter‐ (mainly sexual recognition and social behavior‐kin recognition) or intra‐specific communication (mainly host selection) is discussed on the basis of behavioral and electrophysiological investigations performed on other parasitoid species belonging to the same family. Other sensilla with morphology that is not consistent with that of chemoreceptors are represented by grooved pegs, coeloconic pegs, trichoid sensilla. Such detailed ultrastructural investigation of the flagellar chemoreceptors of S. cereicollis, clarifying the number of chemosensory neurons innervating the different sensilla, is crucial for further electrophysiological investigations on this important species.Research Highlights
Evident sexual dimorphism concerning antennae length, type, number, and distribution of chemosensilla.
Long sensilla basiconica (LSB) present only in females could play a role in host location and/or maternal care.
Multiporous sensilla chaetica (MSC), significantly longer and mostly represented in males, could play a role in the perception of sexual pheromones.
Detailed ultrastructural study is crucial for electrophysiological investigations on this important species.
A facile halogen assisted intramolecular cyclization of (E)‐3‐(substituted benzylidene)‐1‐(substituted phenyl)pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione
Authors: Deshmukh Ganesh B. , Patil Nilesh S. , Kanagare Anant B. , Pansare Dattatraya N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA straightforward method for producing pyrrolo‐chromenes involved the utilization of a Wittig reaction, where maleimides reacted with ortho‐hydroxy benzaldehyde. This reaction yields ortho‐hydroxy benzylidine succinimides, which subsequently undergo molecular bromine‐induced intramolecular cyclization, resulting in (E)‐3‐(substituted benzylidine)‐1‐(substituted phenyl) pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione derivatives (6g‐n). The traditional reaction methods demonstrates efficient performance when carried out in a DMF solvent. This approach proves to be user‐friendly and provides numerous benefits, including reduced reaction duration, increased product yields, and milder operating conditions. The compounds synthesized in this study will be integrated into our biological screening program and any discoveries pertaining to their biological properties will be further investigated and subsequently documented.
Association Analysis Between Intratumoral and Peritumoral MRI Radiomics Features and Overall Survival of Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Guo Xiaofang , He Yaoyao , Yuan Zilong , Nie Tingting , Liu Yulin , Xu Haibo 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe use of peritumoral features to determine the survival time of patients with rectal cancer (RC) is still imprecise.PurposeTo explore the correlation between intratumoral, peritumoral and combined features, and overall survival (OS).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred sixty‐six RC patients (53 women, 113 men; average age: 55 ± 12 years) who underwent radical resection after neoadjuvant therapy.Field Strength/Sequence3 T; T2WI sagittal, T1WI axial, T2WI axial with fat suppression, and high‐resolution T2WI axial sequences, enhanced T1WI axial and sagittal sequences with fat suppression.AssessmentRadiologist A segmented 166 patients, and radiologist B randomly segmented 30 patients. Intratumoral and peritumoral features were extracted, and features with good stability (ICC ≥0.75) were retained through intra‐observer analysis. Seven classifiers, including Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Extremely randomized trees (ET), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and LightGBM (LGBM), were applied to select the classifier with the best performance. Next, the Rad‐score of best classifier and the clinical features were selected to establish the models, thus, nomogram was built to identify the association with 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS.Statistical TestsLASSO, regression analysis, ROC, DeLong method, Kaplan–Meier curve. P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.ResultsOnly Node (irregular tumor nodules in the surrounding mesentery) and ExtraMRF (lymph nodes outside the perirectal mesentery) were significantly different in 20 clinical features. Twelve intratumoral, 3 peritumoral, and 14 combined features related to OS were selected. LR, SVM, and RF classier showed the best efficacy in the intratumoral, peritumoral, and combined model, respectively. The combined model (AUC = 0.954 and 0.821) had better survival association than the intratumoral model (AUC = 0.833 and 0.813) and the peritumoral model (AUC = 0.824 and 0.687).Data ConclusionThe proposed peritumoral model with radiomics features may serve as a tool to improve estimated survival time.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 4
Reproducible Radiomics Features from Multi‐MRI‐Scanner Test–Retest‐Study: Influence on Performance and Generalizability of Models
Authors: Wennmann Markus , Rotkopf Lukas T. , Bauer Fabian , Hielscher Thomas , Kächele Jessica , Mai Elias K. , Weinhold Niels , Raab Marc‐Steffen , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Weber Tim F. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Delorme Stefan , Maier‐Hein Klaus , Neher Peter 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundRadiomics models trained on data from one center typically show a decline of performance when applied to data from external centers, hindering their introduction into large‐scale clinical practice. Current expert recommendations suggest to use only reproducible radiomics features isolated by multiscanner test–retest experiments, which might help to overcome the problem of limited generalizability to external data.PurposeTo evaluate the influence of using only a subset of robust radiomics features, defined in a prior in vivo multi‐MRI‐scanner test–retest‐study, on the performance and generalizability of radiomics models.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationPatients with monoclonal plasma cell disorders. Training set (117 MRIs from center 1); internal test set (42 MRIs from center 1); external test set (143 MRIs from center 2–8).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3.0T; T1‐weighted turbo spin echo.AssessmentThe task for the radiomics models was to predict plasma cell infiltration, determined by bone marrow biopsy, noninvasively from MRI. Radiomics machine learning models, including linear regressor, support vector regressor (SVR), and random forest regressor (RFR), were trained on data from center 1, using either all radiomics features, or using only reproducible radiomics features. Models were tested on an internal (center 1) and a multicentric external data set (center 2–8).Statistical TestsPearson correlation coefficient r and mean absolute error (MAE) between predicted and actual plasma cell infiltration. Fisher's z‐transformation, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum test; significance level P < 0.05.ResultsWhen using only reproducible features compared with all features, the performance of the SVR on the external test set significantly improved (r = 0.43 vs. r = 0.18 and MAE = 22.6 vs. MAE = 28.2). For the RFR, the performance on the external test set deteriorated when using only reproducible instead of all radiomics features (r = 0.33 vs. r = 0.44, P = 0.29 and MAE = 21.9 vs. MAE = 20.5, P = 0.10).ConclusionUsing only reproducible radiomics features improves the external performance of some, but not all machine learning models, and did not automatically lead to an improvement of the external performance of the overall best radiomics model.Level of Evidence3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Alteration in the Raman spectra of characteristic rock‐forming silicate mixtures due to micrometeorite bombardment
Authors: Weber Iris , Pavlov Sergey G. , Böttger Ute , Reitze Maximilian P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInnovative techniques are required for the in situ investigation of the surfaces of planetary bodies when landings are planned. Raman spectroscopy turned out as an excellent tool for fast mineralogical analyses on space missions. Contribution from a photoluminescence signal is not unexpected and is likely to be even more pronounced on celestial surfaces with a dilute or absent atmosphere exposed to strong space weathering, for example, micrometeorite bombardment. Such signals were found, for example, in Raman analysis of the probes from sample‐return missions. While photoluminescence is generally considered as an accompanying undesired product in the Raman spectral measurement, our studies show that some analytical information can be derived from this signal, and even more, due to the specific correlation of luminescence intensity with space weathering products. Therefore, we investigate the Raman spectra alteration of characteristic rock‐forming mineral mixtures (olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase) by micrometeorite bombardment, which is simulated by nanosecond‐pulse laser irradiation. The changes in the minerals are strongly dependent on the composition and structure. They range from disappearing changes in the minerals with simple chemistry and structure to complete amorphization of minerals with relatively low melting enthalpy. With Raman spectroscopy, we found out that the photoluminescence signals show resonant or anti‐resonant changes to specific mineral phases and amorphization. Furthermore, ablation‐induced iron nanoparticles of minerals containing Fe are detectable by Raman spectroscopy due to their alteration into iron oxides. Trapped volatiles in the matrices are analysed due to the formation of the compounds containing them. This broad spectrum of results indicating specific change phenomena due to space weathering can be effectively used for in situ Raman analysis in planetary missions.