bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercritical fluid extraction of the volatile oil from Santolina chamaecyparissus
Authors: Grosso Clara , Figueiredo Ana Cristina , Burillo Jesus , Mainar Ana M. , Urieta José S. , Barroso José G. , Coelho José A. , Palavra António M. F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the volatile oil from Santolina chamaecyparissus L. flower heads was performed under different conditions of pressure, temperature, mean particle size and CO2 flow rate. This oil was compared with the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD). The SFE volatile and essential oils were analysed by GC and GC‐MS. The range of the main volatile components obtained with HD and SFE were, respectively: 1,8‐cineole (25–30% and 7–48%), camphor (7–9% and 8–14%), borneol (7–8% and 2–11%), terpinen‐4‐ol (6–7% and 1–4%), terpinolene (1–4% and 1–7%) and isobornyl acetate (1–2% and 1–11%). The chemical composition of the extracts was greatly influenced by the conditions of pressure and temperature used. In fact, it was possible to enrich the sesquiterpene fraction by increasing the pressure from 8 to 9 MPa, while changing the temperature from 40 to 50°C at 90 bar enriched of the volatiles in n‐alkanes.
Hybrid Aluminum Colored Pigments Based on Gradient Copolymers Design
Authors: Joubert Mathieu , Khoukh Abdel , Tranchant Jean‐François , Morvan Fabrice , Billon Laurent 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA colored polymer/aluminium hybrid pigment was synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization initiated from an inorganic surface. This approach requires the preparation of a vinyl dye monomer able to copolymerize with n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BuA) and styrene (S) from the surface of aluminium flakes. The linearity of the ln([M]0/[M]t) and of the $\overline M _{\rm n}$ as a function of time and conversion constitute the criteria of control/“living” polymerization, i.e. linearity of respectively ln([M]0/[M]t) = f(t) and the $\overline M _{\rm n}$ = f(conversion) plots. Kinetic measurements reveal an upward deviation from the linearity for n‐BuA polymerization for very high conversion. The introduction of S monomer restores the control of the polymerization. Both the length of the grafted chains and the dye/styrene molar ratio influence the color of the hybrid material.magnified image
Severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and dopamine transporter levels in dementia with Lewy bodies: A 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT study
Authors: Roselli Francesco , Pisciotta Nicola M. , Perneczky Robert , Pennelli Michele , Aniello Maria S. , De Caro Maria F. , Ferrannini Ermanno , Tartaglione Bruno , Defazio Giovanni , Rubini Giuseppe , Livrea Paolo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNeuropsychiatric symptoms are frequent in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with 123I‐labeled ligand N‐δ‐(fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)tropene (123I‐FP‐CIT), which reliably measures midbrain dopaminergic dysfunction, has provided important evidence on the neurobiological substrate of some of these symptoms including apathy and depression. However, little is known on DAT levels and other distressing symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Therefore, 123I‐FP‐CIT imaging was performed in 18 well‐characterized patients with DLB, and striatal DAT levels were correlated with the frequency/severity ratings of several neuropsychiatric symptoms. A wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms could be observed in the sample. Significant correlations were observed between decreased striatal DAT levels and visual hallucinations. Although there were no correlations between striatal DAT levels and other neuropsychiatric symptoms, when considering the putamen and the caudate nucleus separately, delusions, depression, and apathy were inversely correlated to decreased caudate DAT levels. Theseresults provide intriguing evidence on the involvement of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathways in neuropsychiatric symptoms in DLB. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Expression of genes related to myostatin signaling during rat skeletal muscle longitudinal growth
Authors: Aoki Marcelo S. , Soares Antonio G. , Miyabara Elen H. , Baptista Igor L. , Moriscot Anselmo S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study we investigated the gene expression of proteins related to myostatin (MSTN) signaling during skeletal muscle longitudinal growth. To promote muscle growth, Wistar male rats were submitted to a stretching protocol for different durations (12, 24, 48, and 96 hours). Following this protocol, soleus weight and length and sarcomere number were determined. In addition, expression levels of the genes that encode MSTN, follistatin isoforms 288 and 315 (FLST288 and FLST315), follistatin‐like 3 protein (FLST‐L3), growth and differentiation factor–associated protein‐1 (GASP‐1), activin IIB receptor (ActIIB), and SMAD‐7 were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Prolonged stretching increased soleus weight, length, and sarcomere number. In addition, MSTN gene expression was increased at 12–24 hours, followed by a decrease at 96 hours when compared with baseline values. FLST isoforms, FLST‐L3, and GASP‐1 mRNA levels increased significantly over all time‐points. ActIIB gene expression decreased quickly at 12–24 hours. SMAD‐7 mRNA levels showed a late increase at 48 hours, which peaked at 96 hours. The gene expression pattern of inhibitory proteins related to MSTN signaling suggests a strong downregulation of this pathway in response to prolonged stretching. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Clinical phenotype of autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia in a family with a novel mutation in the C10orf2 gene
Authors: Hong Daojun , Bi Hongyan , Yao Sheng , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAutosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO) is a mitochondrial disorder caused by mutations in nuclear genes. Here we report the clinical and genetic features of adPEO in a Chinese family. All patients had gradual onset of ptosis, with or without ophthalmoplegia, around age 30. Thirteen patients had limb weakness around age 40. Eight patients developed dysphagia around age 50. Four patients died of cardiac abnormalities around age 60. Muscle biopsy of the proband indicated mitochondrial myopathy characterized by ragged‐red fibers, cytochrome c oxidase‐negative fibers, and multiple deletions of mitochondrial DNA. A heterozygous missense mutation of c.1342A>G in the C10orf2 gene resulting in the p.448N>D mutation in the protein was found in the proband and four other affected family members. In summary, we identified an adPEO family with a novel C10orf2 gene mutation that manifested an age‐dependent phenotype. It suggests that greater attention must be paid to cardiac abnormalities in the late stages of this disease. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Zero flash ultrasonic micro embossing on foamed polymer substrates: A proof of concept
Authors: Vengasandra Srikanth G. , Harmon Greg , Grewell David 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article reviews a novel method to produce microembossed features with an aspect ratio of three and negligible flash on polymer surfaces. An embossing technique that utilizes localized heating (ultrasonic energy) was used with polystyrene and polypropylene substrates. It was demonstrated that when foamed substrates were used, the amount of flash produced was negligible compared to nonfoamed substrates, which has been a significant unresolved problem with embossing using localized heating. The depth of microembossed features as a function of heating times and amplitudes of ultrasonic embossing is detailed in this article, along with a characterization of complex embossed geometries. It was seen that embossing depth was generally proportional to heating time and amplitude until the maximum feature depth was achieved. Although this article deals with embossing of microfeatures for lab‐on‐a‐CD applications, it is envisioned that it is also suitable for lab‐on‐a‐chip applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of glass bead content and diameter on shrinkage and warpage of injection‐molded PA6
Authors: Kovács J.G. , Solymossy B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA simple technique has been introduced to evaluate the shrinkage and warpage behavior of injection molded products. Using the shrinkage values measured on specific locations of the specimen, three deformation factors have been defined to characterize the warpage behavior of the materials examined. Experiments were carried out to determine these properties of injection molded polyamide 6 (PA6) composites with solid glass bead (GB) contents of 10, 20, 30, 40 wt% and diameters of 11, 85, 156, 203 μm. It was concluded that the flow directional shrinkages can principally be described by the change in the bead content and diameter; it was proven that the increase in bead content and in bead diameter induces a reduction in flow directional shrinkage. The rising bead content and diameter increased the deformation factor, defined by the shrinkage differences caused by the pressure drop. It was pointed out that the ideal bead content can be determined in the function of bead diameter. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of novel bilayer hydrogels by combination of irradiation and freeze–thawing and their physical and biological properties
Authors: Yang Xiaomin , Yang Kang , Yu Feng , Chen Xiliang , Wu Shengwei , Zhu Zhiyong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrogels made by irradiation or freeze–thawing often exhibit poor mechanical strength; therefore we investigated a novel synthetic method to circumvent this detrimental effect. We report a series of novel bilayer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/water‐soluble chitosan (ws‐chitosan)/glycerol hydrogels prepared by a combination of irradiation and freeze–thawing. Scanning electron microscopy morphology, swelling behavior, mechanical strength, elongation at break, PVA dissolution behavior and bovine serum albumin (BSA) release profile of the bilayer hydrogels were compared with those of hydrogels made by irradiation and freeze–thawing followed by irradiation. The cytotoxicity of the bilayer hydrogels was studied using a tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay.RESULTS: The novel bilayer hydrogels contain one layer made by freeze–thawing followed by irradiation and the other layer made by irradiation. The preparation method provides the two layers with good combination force in the wet state. However, the two layers are not combined very well in the freeze‐dried state due to the difference in microstructure. The bilayer hydrogels have large swelling capacity and good mechanical strength, and these properties can be varied by changing freeze–thawing cycles, irradiation doses and the relative thickness of the two layers. The PVA and BSA release behaviors show that the bilayer hydrogels have a small amount of dissolved PVA and can prolong the BSA release time. The MTT assay shows that extracts of the bilayer hydrogels are non‐toxic towards L929 mouse fibroblasts.CONCLUSION: The novel bilayer hydrogels prepared in this study show good physical properties with no cytotoxicity, indicating that they are suitable for biomedical applications, such as in wound dressings and drug delivery devices. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
High performance anticorrosive coatings based on new phosphonic methacrylate terpolymers
Authors: Lam Ousmane A. , David Ghislain , Hervaud Yves , Boutevin Bernard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis of new methacrylic‐phosphonated monomer PM(B) obtained from the diethyl‐1,2‐epoxide‐propyl 2‐phosphonate opening by methacrylic acid in presence of the tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as catalyst. Both its homopolymerization and copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) have been achieved in acetonitrile at 80 °C in the presence of 4,4′‐azobisisobutyronitrile. The determination of the reactivity ratios evidenced a statistical copolymer structure. Then, terpolymer of low degree of polymerization and composed of MMA, butyl methacrylate (BuMA) and PM(B) was synthesized and showed a high thermal stability (no degradation before 300 °C). This phosphonate terpolymer was incorporated in an acrylate formulation, polymerized under UV‐light, and the resulting coating was subjected to the salt spray test. High resistance towards corrosion was observed as no corrosion occurred even after 1100 hrs to the salt spray test. This result was also confirmed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5090–5100, 2009
Synthesis of chitosan‐based thermo‐ and pH‐responsive porous nanoparticles by temperature‐dependent self‐assembly method and their application in drug release
Authors: Chuang Chung‐Yang , Don Trong‐Ming , Chiu Wen‐Yen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this research, thermo‐ and pH‐responsive chitosan‐based porous nanoparticles were prepared by the temperature‐dependent self assembly method. The chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (CS‐g‐PNIPAAm) copolymer solution was prepared through polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) monomer in the presence of chitosan (CS) solution using cerium ammounium nitrate as the initiator. Then, CS‐g‐PNIPAAm solution was diluted by deionized water and heated to 40 °C for CS‐g‐PNIPAAm self‐assembly. After that, CS‐g‐PNIPAAm assembled to form micelles in which shell layer was CS. Crosslinking agent was used to reinforce the micelle structure to form nanoparticle. The molar ratio of CS/NIPAAm in the feed mixture was changed to investigate its effect on structure, morphology, thermal‐ and pH‐responsive properties of the nanoparticles. TEM images showed that a porous structure of nanoparticles was developed. The synthesized nanoparticles carried positive charges on the surface and exhibited stimuli‐responsive properties, and their mean diameter thus could be manipulated by changing pH value and temperature of the environment. The nanoparticles showed a continuous release of the encapsulated doxycycline hyclate up to 10 days during an in‐vitro release experiment. These porous particles with environmentally sensitive properties are expected to be utilized in hydrophilic drug delivery system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5126–5136, 2009
Effect of the dimer structure on indium adsorption and diffusion on a GaSb surface
Authors: Xiong Min , Li Meicheng , Zhao Yu , Wang Lu , Liang Yi , Zhao Liancheng 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe adsorption properties and surface diffusion of an indium adatom on a GaSb(001)‐(2 × 3) structure have been studied using first‐principles calculations. We find that the indium adatoms are preferentially adsorbed in the low energy trenches along the [110] direction at bridge positions of surface dimers. Besides, the adsorption sites connecting these trenches along [110] present distinct properties for different surface dimer structures. For the structure with Sb–Sb homodimers, the dimer arrangement reduces significantly the adatom diffusion barrier along the [110] direction and the calculations on diffusion coefficients demonstrate that [110] is the fast diffusion direction. While on the structure with Ga–Sb heterodimers, the adsorption sites are separated by the heterodimers causing a considerable diffusion barrier and [$ \bar 1 $10] becomes the fast diffusion direction accordingly. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How wide do you want the jar?: the effect on diameter for ease of opening for wide‐mouth closures
Authors: Yoxall A. , Langley J. , Janson R. , Lewis R. , Wearn J. , Hayes S. A. , Bix L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe ease with which a container can be accessed or its ‘openability’ is becoming more of an issue for manufacturers and consumers as the average age of the population increases. Ageing brings with it a range of issues including a loss of strength and reduced dexterity. This paper aimed to look at the relationship between diameter, torque and age for standard consumer closures using a torque‐measuring device.The results of the investigation show that larger‐diameter jars (85 mm) require much higher opening forces than smaller ones (75 mm and below). Smaller jars require lower opening torques, although the force required to open many jars is still higher than many elderly people are able to generate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are the unconventional density variations really unconventional?
Authors: Zhang Yu Adam , Wang Yan Alexander 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBased on numerical evidence and theoretical arguments, we demonstrate that the unconventional density variations are not really unconventional and should be included in the density variational domain of any ground‐state density. As a result, Lieb's Theorem 3.10 (Lieb, Int J Quantum Chem 1983, 24, 243) is reconfirmed. More specifically, the energy variation δEv is of order higher than linear order of the density variation δn(r) about the ground‐state density n0(r) of a system with a fixed number of electrons in Hilbert space, whereas δEv is of linear order of δn(r) about the ground‐state density of a system with a varied number of electrons in Fock space. The unconventional density variations are not the cause for the linear‐order behavior of δEv in Fock space and the derivative discontinuity of the total energy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Direct olive oil analysis by low‐temperature plasma (LTP) ambient ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: García‐Reyes Juan F. , Mazzoti Fabio , Harper Jason D. , Charipar Nicholas A. , Oradu Sheran , Ouyang Zheng , Sindona Giovanni , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA fast, reagentless, and direct method is presented for the mass spectrometric analysis of olive oil without any sample pretreatment whatsoever. An ambient ionization technique, the low‐temperature plasma (LTP) probe, based on dielectric barrier discharge, is used to detect both minor and trace components (free fatty acids, phenolics and volatiles) in raw untreated olive oil. The method allows the measurement of free fatty acids (the main quality control parameter used to grade olive oil according to quality classes), selected bioactive phenolic compounds, and volatiles. The advantages and limitations of the direct analysis of extremely complex mixtures by the ambient ionization/tandem mass spectrometry combination are discussed and illustrated. The data presage the possible large‐scale application of direct mass spectrometric analysis methods in the characterization of olive oil and other foodstuffs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sterically hindered phenols in negative ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry
Authors: Laakia Jaakko , Pedersen Christian Schack , Adamov Alexey , Viidanoja Jyrki , Sysoev Alexey , Kotiaho Tapio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNegative corona discharge atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) was used to investigate phenols with varying numbers of tert‐butyl groups using ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS). The main characteristic ion observed for all the phenolic compounds was the deprotonated molecule [M–H]−. 2‐tert‐Butylphenol showed one main mobility peak in the mass‐selected mobility spectrum of the [M–H]− ion measured under nitrogen atmosphere. When air was used as a nebulizer gas an oxygen addition ion was seen in the mass spectrum and, interestingly, this new species [M–H+O]− had a shorter drift time than the lighter [M–H]− ion. Other phenolic compounds primarily produced two IMS peaks in the mass‐selected mobility spectra measured using the [M–H]− ion. It was also observed that two isomeric compounds, 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol, could be separated with IMS. In addition, mobilities of various characteristic ions of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene were measured, since this compound was previously used as a mobility standard. The possibility of using phenolic compounds as mobility standards is also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The order of the giant component of random hypergraphs
Authors: Behrisch Michael , Coja‐Oghlan Amin , Kang Mihyun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe establish central and local limit theorems for the number of vertices in the largest component of a random d‐uniform hypergraph Hd(n,p) with edge probability p = c/$\left(\matrix{n-1 \cr d-1 }\right)$, where c > (d ‐ 1)‐1 is a constant. The proof relies on a new, purely probabilistic approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Randomly coloring random graphs
Authors: Dyer Martin , Frieze Alan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe consider the problem of generating a coloring of the random graph𝔾n,puniformly at random using a natural Markov chain algorithm: the Glauber dynamics. We assume that there areβΔcolors available, whereΔis the maximum degree of the graph, and we wish to determine the leastβ=β(p) such that the distribution is close to uniform inO(nlogn) steps of the chain. This problem has been previously studied for𝔾n,pin cases wherenpis relatively small. Here we consider the “dense” cases, wherenpε [ωlnn,n] andω=ω(n) → ∞. Our methods are closely tailored to the random graph setting, but we obtain considerably better bounds onβ(p) than can be achieved using more general techniques. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Product‐market strategy and the marketing capabilities of the firm: impact on market effectiveness and cash flow performance
Authors: Vorhies Douglas W. , Morgan Robert E. , Autry Chad W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report on two studies (a single and a multi‐industry) that empirically investigate a nomological network of relationships between strategic business unit product‐market strategy (differentiation, cost‐focus, and product‐market scope), marketing capabilities (architectural and specialized capabilities, as well as their integration), and business unit performance (market effectiveness and subsequent one‐year objective cash flow), along with a series of controls. Addressing important lacunae in the resource‐based view our main research objective is to augment understanding of how critical firm‐level marketing capabilities enable the realization of strategy, thus, further advancing both the resource‐based view and more recent capabilities theorizing. Specifically, we test seven hypotheses and find strong evidence that both architectural and specialized marketing capabilities, and their integration, positively mediate the product‐market strategy and derived business unit performance relationship. In contrast to many extant studies, both survey and objectively measured data are combined, and because the secondary data collected contains both resource‐level (input) data and subsequent one‐year financial data, a higher level of confidence may be attributable to our findings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sniffing the Unique “Odor Print” of Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Barash Orna , Peled Nir , Hirsch Fred R. , Haick Hossam 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA highly sensitive and fast‐response array of sensors based on gold nanoparticles, in combination with pattern recognition methods, can distinguish between the odor prints of non‐small‐cell lung cancer and negative controls with 100% accuracy, with no need for preconcentration techniques. Additionally, preliminary results indicate that the same array of sensors might serve as a better tool for understanding the biochemical source of volatile organic compounds that might occur in cancer cells and appear in the exhaled breath, as compared to traditional spectrometry techniques. The reported results provide a launching pad to initiate a bedside tool that might be able to screen for early stages of lung cancer and allow higher cure rates. In addition, such a tool might be used for the immediate diagnosis of fresh (frozen) tissues of lung cancer in operating rooms, where a dichotomic diagnosis is crucial to guide surgeons.