bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea‐level markers identified in ground‐penetrating radar data collected across a modern beach ridge system in a microtidal regime
Authors: Nielsen Lars , Clemmensen Lars B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSea‐level rise has been related to global warming. The modern system on the northern coast of Anholt, Denmark, may well be analogous to other beach ridge systems formed in microtidal regimes and our results should have impact on estimation of past sea‐level variation. Ground‐penetrating radar data collected across the modern (<30 years old) berm, beach ridge and swale deposits resolve downlapping reflections interpreted to mark sea level at the time of deposition. Existing time series of sea‐level data constrain actual sea‐level variation. Nineteen readings of sea‐level markers made along our profile fluctuate within −0.42 and 0.57 m above present mean sea level, consistent with 95% of the sea‐level data. These fluctuations reflect tidal effects and meteorological conditions. Main data uncertainties are well‐known and the sea‐level markers may be identified with a high degree of confidence.
Jurassic granitoid magmatism in the Dinaride Neotethys: geochronological constraints from detrital minerals
Authors: Mikes Tamás , Baresel Björn , Kronz Andreas , Frei Dirk , Dunkl István , Tolosana‐Delgado Raimon , Von Eynatten Hilmar 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree independent single‐grain geochronometers applied to detrital minerals from Central Dinaride sediments constrain the timing of felsic magmatism that associated the Jurassic evolution of the Neotethys. The Lower Cretaceous clastic wedge of the Bosnian Flysch, sourced from the Dinaride ophiolitic thrust complex, yields magmatic monazite and zircon grains with dominant age components of 164 ± 3 and 152 ± 10 Ma respectively. A unique tephra horizon within the Adriatic Carbonate Platform was dated at 148 ± 11 Ma by apatite fission track analysis. These consistent results suggest that leucocractic melt generation in the Central Dinaride segment of the Neotethys culminated in Middle to Late Jurassic times, coeval with and slightly post‐dating subophiolitic sole metamorphism. Growth of magmatic monazite and explosive volcanism call for supra‐subduction‐zone processes at the convergent Neotethyan margin. New compilation of geochronological data demonstrates that such Jurassic felsic rocks are widespread in the entire Dinaride–Hellenide orogen.
The AtNHX1 exchanger mediates potassium compartmentation in vacuoles of transgenic tomato
Authors: Leidi Eduardo O. , Barragán Verónica , Rubio Lourdes , El‐Hamdaoui Abdelaziz , Ruiz M. Teresa , Cubero Beatriz , Fernández José A. , Bressan Ray A. , Hasegawa Paul M. , Quintero Francisco J. , Pardo José M. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryNHX‐type antiporters in the tonoplast have been reported to increase the salt tolerance of various plants species, and are thought to mediate the compartmentation of Na+ in vacuoles. However, all isoforms characterized so far catalyze both Na+/H+ and K+/H+ exchange. Here, we show that AtNHX1 has a critical involvement in the subcellular partitioning of K+, which in turn affects plant K+ nutrition and Na+ tolerance. Transgenic tomato plants overexpressing AtNHX1 had larger K+ vacuolar pools in all growth conditions tested, but no consistent enhancement of Na+ accumulation was observed under salt stress. Plants overexpressing AtNHX1 have a greater capacity to retain intracellular K+ and to withstand salt‐shock. Under K+‐limiting conditions, greater K+ compartmentation in the vacuole occurred at the expense of the cytosolic K+ pool, which was lower in transgenic plants. This caused the early activation of the high‐affinity K+ uptake system, enhanced K+ uptake by roots, and increased the K+ content in plant tissues and the xylem sap of transformed plants. Our results strongly suggest that NHX proteins are likely candidates for the H+‐linked K+ transport that is thought to facilitate active K+ uptake at the tonoplast, and the partitioning of K+ between vacuole and cytosol.
The cost of conflict in aphid societies
Authors: GROGAN K. E. , CHHATRE V. E. , ABBOT P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMost social aphids are found within plant galls, inside of which clonally‐derived family groups feed, and specialized larval castes forego reproduction and perform various cooperative tasks, including group defence. When unrelated aphids move between clones, conditions are ripe for conflict because galls and cooperative defence are shared resources that are vulnerable to exploitation. A key unknown is whether conflict is costly in aphid social groups. We show that diversity within groups is negatively correlated with performance in the North American social aphid, Pemphigus obesinymphae. A substantial fraction of productivity is invested into drifting. However, drifting aphids tend to mature and depart non‐natal galls prior to the seasonal peak in fecundity. These results suggest that when unrelated individuals move between groups, social aphids may experience conditions consistent with a tragedy of the commons. These results also emphasize the strongly convergent properties associated with conflict across the spectrum of animal and microbial sociality.
Demography and the tragedy of the commons
Authors: FRANK S. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIndividual success in group‐structured populations has two components. First, an individual gains by outcompeting its neighbours for local resources. Second, an individual's share of group success must be weighted by the total productivity of the group. The essence of sociality arises from the tension between selfish gains against neighbours and the associated loss that selfishness imposes by degrading the efficiency of the group. Without some force to modulate selfishness, the natural tendencies of self interest typically degrade group performance to the detriment of all. This is the tragedy of the commons. Kin selection provides the most widely discussed way in which the tragedy is overcome in biology. Kin selection arises from behavioural associations within groups caused either by genetical kinship or by other processes that correlate the behaviours of group members. Here, I emphasize demography as a second factor that may also modulate the tragedy of the commons and favour cooperative integration of groups. Each act of selfishness or cooperation in a group often influences group survival and fecundity over many subsequent generations. For example, a cooperative act early in the growth cycle of a colony may enhance the future size and survival of the colony. This time‐dependent benefit can greatly increase the degree of cooperation favoured by natural selection, providing another way in which to overcome the tragedy of the commons and enhance the integration of group behaviour. I conclude that analyses of sociality must account for both the behavioural associations of kin selection theory and the demographic consequences of life history theory.
Predictive familial risk factors and pharmacological responses in ADHD with comorbid disruptive behavior disorders
Authors: Bandou Nobuyasu , Koike Kayoko , Matuura Hideo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:  The aim of the present study was to examine the putative familial risk factors and evaluate the pharmacological effects in children and adolescents of attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with comorbid disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and normal IQ.Methods:  The retrospective study included 144 Japanese subjects (age, 5–18 years) with ADHD, of whom 35 subjects (24%) met the diagnostic criteria for DBD. Using multiple regression analysis, the familial background risk factors that might increase any comorbid antisocial behaviors were assessed. Furthermore, the 20 methylphenidate (MPH)‐resistant DBD subjects were divided into three treatment groups: MPH plus risperidone (n= 8); MPH plus carbamazepine (n= 5); and MPH plus lithium carbonate (n= 4). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated both before and after the add‐on therapy using the Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement (CGI‐I) and CGI‐Severity (CGI‐S) scale.Results:  The putative familial risk factors were child abuse (odds ratio [OR], 19.48; P= 0.013) and maternal psychiatric disorders (OR, 15.59; P= 0.027). The addition of risperidone had the strongest tendency to improve the CGI‐S score (P= 0.063) and the highest rate of responses (50%) among the three treatment groups, albeit with no significant differences. Very few remarkable adverse clinical symptoms were observed.Conclusions:  Child abuse and maternal psychiatric disorders are suggested to be significant risk factors in influencing the development of comorbid DBD in offspring. The use of risperidone appears to be well tolerated and is moderately effective in MPH‐resistant aggression in ADHD children and adolescents with comorbid DBD.
‘Staged’ liver resection in synchronous and metachronous colorectal hepatic metastases: differences in clinicopathological features and outcome
Authors: van der Pool A. E. M. , Lalmahomed Z. S. , Özbay Y. , de Wilt J. H. W. , Eggermont A. M. M. , Jzermans J. N. M. , Verhoef C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  Approximately 25% of the patients with colorectal cancer already have liver metastases at diagnosis and another 30% will develop them subsequently. The features and prognosis of patients with synchronous and metachronus colorectal liver metastases, treated with primary resection first followed by partial liver resection were analysed.Method  Curative staged resection of liver metastases was performed in 272 consecutive patients. Demographics, characteristics of the primary tumour and metastatic tumours, surgery‐related data and outcome were analysed.Results  Synchronous metastases were present in 105 (39%) patients and metachronous metastases in 167 (61%). More patients in the synchronous group had an advanced primary tumour (T3/T4 and/or node positivity), more than three liver metastases and bilobar distribution. A significantly higher percentage of patients in the synchronous group received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 5‐year survival rate in the group of 272 patients was 38%. Patients with more than three metastases had a significantly worse survival rate. There were no differences in disease‐free and overall survival rates between the synchronous and metachronous group.Conclusion  Although patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases may have poorer biological features, there was no difference in 5‐year disease‐free and overall survival compared with patients with metachronous metastases. This may be explained by the observation that patients in the synchronous group received significantly more neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Anastomotic leakage after surgery for rectal cancer: a risk factor for local recurrence, distant metastasis and reduced cancer‐specific survival?
Authors: Jörgren F. , Johansson R. , Damber L. , Lindmark G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  The impact of anastomic leakage (AL) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer is still controversial. We explored the impact of AL regarding local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and cancer‐specific survival was analysed.Method  Patients undergoing AR for rectal cancer with a registered AL between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5‐year follow‐up were analysed with multivariate methods.Results  After validation, 114 patients with AL and 136 control patients with locally radical surgery for tumours in tumour–node–metastasis stages I–III were analysed. There was no difference detected between patients with AL and control patients regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant metastasis [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, AL was not a risk factor of LR, distant metastasis or OAR and had no impact on 5‐year overall or 5‐year cancer‐specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of AL, preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival.Conclusion  Anastomotic leakage was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow‐up on the basis of the occurrence of AL after AR might not be justified.
70 vs 120 W thulium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet 2 µm continuous‐wave laser for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic ex‐vivo evaluation
Authors: Bach Thorsten , Huck Nina , Wezel Felix , Häcker Axel , Gross Andreas J. , Michel Maurice Stephan 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Aetiology (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo evaluate the ablative and haemostatic properties of the recently introduced 120‐W thulium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (Tm‐YAG) laser and to assess these results against those of the previously introduced 70‐W Tm‐YAG laser.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe ex‐vivo model of the isolated blood‐perfused porcine kidney was used to determine the ablation capacity, haemostatic properties and coagulation depth of a 2 µm continuous‐wave Tm‐YAG laser. The energy was delivered using a 550‐µm and an 800‐µm bare‐ended fibre. The results of the recently introduced 120‐W Tm‐YAG were compared to the established 70‐W device. Kidney tissue was embedded for histological evaluation. After staining (haematoxylin and eosin, H&E; and NADH) of the specimen, the coagulation zone and depth of the necrotic tissue layer were measured.RESULTSWith increased power output, the mean (sd) rate of vaporization of tissue increased, from 9.80 (3.03) g/10 min at 70 W to 16.41 (5.2) g/10 min at 120 W using the 550 µm fibre. The total amount of ablated tissue using the 800 µm fibre was lower than with the 550 µm fibre. With increasing power output the bleeding rate remained stable in either group. Tissue penetration remained shallow, even with increasing power output. In contrast to H&E staining, where the coagulation zone was measured, NADH staining showed an inner zone of necrotic tissue, again with no difference between the 70‐ and the 120‐W Tm‐YAG.CONCLUSIONThe 120‐W Tm‐YAG offers significantly higher ablation rates than the 70‐W device, and despite the increased rate of ablation with the 120‐W Tm‐YAG, the bleeding rate and depth of tissue penetration were comparable to those using the 70‐W device.
Friedewald equation underestimates low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol at low concentrations in young people with and without Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sibal L. , Neely R. D. G. , Jones A. , Home P. D. 
Published: November 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 37–45 (2010)AbstractAims  Although the limitations of the Friedewald‐calculated serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) are well recognized, many diabetes and lipid guidelines propose LDL‐C as a therapeutic target. The validity of calculated LDL‐C in people with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is uncertain and the use of alternatives such as non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) or apolipoprotein measurement unexplored. We have therefore measured LDL‐C with the designated reference method and examined some of the potential sources of such bias, including plasma concentrations of other lipids and apolipoproteins.Methods  Seventy‐four people with T1DM and 80 healthy control subjects were recruited. Fasting samples were collected for analysis of lipid profiles by a beta‐quantification (BQ) reference method and by routine laboratory methods including direct HDL‐C and calculation of LDL‐C using the Friedewald formula.Results  Overall, Friedewald LDL‐C was 0.29 ± 0.02 (mean ± se) mmol/l (P < 0.001) lower in the two groups than by the BQ method. This resulted in misclassification of approximately 50% of people with a calculated LDL‐C < 2.0 mmol/l. Overestimation of HDL‐C by the routine assay [0.08 ± 0.01 mmol/l (P < 0.001)] accounted for ∼28% of the error in calculation of LDL‐C and the remainder appeared to be as a result of triglyceride in lipoprotein particles other than very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL). Correlation of non‐HDL‐C with apolipoprotein B was better than LDL‐C with apolipoprotein B for both assays in both diabetic and non‐diabetic populations.Conclusions  Calculated LDL‐C is unsuitable as a therapeutic target in T1DM. Consideration should be give to the greater use of apolipoprotein B or non‐HDL‐C in clinical practice.
Personal experiences of women with diabetes who do not attend pre‐pregnancy care
Authors: Murphy H. R. , Temple R. C. , Ball V. E. , Roland J. M. , Steel S. , Zill‐E‐Huma R. , Simmons D. , Royce L. R. , Skinner T. C. ,   on behalf of the East Anglia Study group for Improving Pregnancy Outcomes in women with Diabetes (EASIPOD)
Published: November 2009

Diabet. Med. 27, 92–100 (2010)AbstractAims  To explore the views of women who did not attend pre‐pregnancy care (PPC), in particular their accounts of contraception, previous pregnancies and the influence of healthcare advice.Methods  We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 29 pregnant women (21 with Type 1 diabetes, eight with Type 2 diabetes) at three UK specialist diabetes antenatal clinics. Interviews explored women’s journeys to becoming pregnant, including use of contraception, their views regarding diabetes and pregnancy and the factors which encouraged and discouraged them from attending PPC.Results  All women had some understanding of the issues concerning diabetes during pregnancy, predominantly regarding the benefits of PPC (90%) and optimal glycaemic control (80%) and risks of malformation (48%) and macrosomia (35%). Most were not regularly using contraception (70%), having stopped deliberately (45%), become unintentionally less rigorous (28%) or experienced side effects/contraindications (14%). Knowledge concerning the risks of pregnancy (90%) and past pre‐conception counselling (38%) did not encourage women to attend PPC, and neither did personal experience of miscarriage, malformation or stillbirth in women with previous poor pregnancy outcome (41%). Barriers included conceiving faster than anticipated (45%), fertility concerns (31%), negative experiences with health professionals (21%), desire for a ‘normal’ pregnancy (17%) and the logistics of attending (10%).Conclusions  More integrated diabetes and reproductive health/contraceptive advice, increased awareness of the potentially short time between stopping contraception and conception and more intensive support between pregnancies are required, particularly for women with previously poor outcomes. Research is also needed into how communication between health professionals and women with diabetes can be improved.
Increasing task difficulty enhances effects of intersensory redundancy: testing a new prediction of the Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis
Authors: Bahrick Lorraine E. , Lickliter Robert , Castellanos Irina , Vaillant‐Molina Mariana 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated intersensory facilitation for perception of amodal properties of events such as tempo and rhythm in early development, supporting predictions of the Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis (IRH). Specifically, infants discriminate amodal properties in bimodal, redundant stimulation but not in unimodal, nonredundant stimulation in early development, whereas later in development infants can detect amodal properties in both redundant and nonredundant stimulation. The present study tested a new prediction of the IRH: that effects of intersensory redundancy on attention and perceptual processing are most apparent in tasks of high difficulty relative to the skills of the perceiver. We assessed whether by increasing task difficulty, older infants would revert to patterns of intersensory facilitation shown by younger infants. Results confirmed our prediction and demonstrated that in difficult tempo discrimination tasks, 5‐month‐olds perform like 3‐month‐olds, showing intersensory facilitation for tempo discrimination. In contrast, in tasks of low and moderate difficulty, 5‐month‐olds discriminate tempo changes in both redundant audiovisual and nonredundant unimodal visual stimulation. These findings indicate that intersensory facilitation is most apparent for tasks of relatively high difficulty and may therefore persist across the lifespan.
Lexical and articulatory interactions in children’s language production
Authors: Heisler Lori , Goffman Lisa , Younger Barbara 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTraditional models of adult language processing and production include two levels of representation: lexical and sublexical. The current study examines the influence of the inclusion of a lexical representation (i.e. a visual referent and/or object function) on the stability of articulation as well as on phonetic accuracy and variability in typically developing children and children with specific language impairment (SLI). A word learning paradigm was developed so that we could compare children’s production with and without lexical representation. The variability and accuracy of productions were examined using speech kinematics as well as traditional phonetic accuracy measures. Results showed that phonetic forms with lexical representation were produced with more articulatory stability than phonetic forms without lexical representation. Using more traditional transcription measures, a paired lexical referent generally did not influence segmental accuracy (percent consonant correct and type token ratio). These results suggest that lexical and articulatory levels of representation are not completely independent. Implications for models of language production are discussed.
The Ebbinghaus illusion deceives adults but not young children
Authors: Doherty Martin J. , Campbell Nicola M. , Tsuji Hiromi , Phillips William A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe sensitivity of size perception to context has been used to distinguish between ‘vision for action’ and ‘vision for perception’, and to study cultural, psychopathological, and developmental differences in perception. The status of that evidence is much debated, however. Here we use a rigorous double dissociation paradigm based on the Ebbinghaus illusion, and find that for children below 7 years of age size discrimination is much less affected by surround size. Young children are less accurate than adults when context is helpful, but more accurate when context is misleading. Even by the age of 10 years context‐sensitivity is still not at adult levels. Therefore, size contrast as shown by the Ebbinghaus illusion is not a built‐in property of the ventral pathway subserving vision for perception but a late development of it, and low sensitivity to the Ebbinghaus illusion in autism is not primary to the pathology. Our findings also show that, although adults in Western cultures have low context‐sensitivity relative to East Asians, they have high context‐sensitivity relative to children. Overall, these findings reveal a gradual developmental trend toward ever broader contextual syntheses. Such developments are advantageous, but the price paid for them is that, when context is misleading, adults literally see the world less accurately than they did as children.