bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells into beating cardiomyocytes
Authors: Choi Yu Suk , Dusting Gregory J. , Stubbs Samantha , Arunothayaraj Sandeep , Han Xiao Lian , Collas Philippe , Morrison Wayne A. , Dilley Rodney J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) may differentiate into cardiomyocytes and this provides a source of donor cells for tissue engineering. In this study, we evaluated cardiomyogenic differentiation protocols using a DNA demethylating agent 5‐azacytidine (5‐aza), a modified cardiomyogenic medium (MCM), a histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) and co‐culture with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. 5‐aza treatment reduced both cardiac actin and TropT mRNA expression. Incubation in MCM only slightly increased gene expression (1.5‐ to 1.9‐fold) and the number of cells co‐expressing nkx2.5/sarcomeric α‐actin (27.2%versus 0.2% in control). TSA treatment increased cardiac actin mRNA expression 11‐fold after 1 week, which could be sustained for 2 weeks by culturing cells in cardiomyocyte culture medium. TSA‐treated cells also stained positively for cardiac myosin heavy chain, α‐actin, TropI and connexin43; however, none of these treatments produced beating cells. ASCs in non‐contact co‐culture showed no cardiac differentiation; however, ASCs co‐cultured in direct contact co‐culture exhibited a time‐dependent increase in cardiac actin mRNA expression (up to 33‐fold) between days 3 and 14. Immunocytochemistry revealed co‐expression of GATA4 and Nkx2.5, α‐actin, TropI and cardiac myosin heavy chain in CM‐DiI labelled ASCs. Most importantly, many of these cells showed spontaneous contractions accompanied by calcium transients in culture. Human ASC (hASC) showed synchronous Ca2+ transient and contraction synchronous with surrounding rat cardiomyocytes (106 beats/min.). Gap junctions also formed between them as observed by dye transfer. In conclusion, cell‐to‐cell interaction was identified as a key inducer for cardiomyogenic differentiation of hASCs. This method was optimized by co‐culture with contracting cardiomyocytes and provides a potential cardiac differentiation system to progress applications for cardiac cell therapy or tissue engineering.
Evaluation of osteoblastic activity around dental implants using bone scintigraphy
Authors: Kalayci Abdullah , Durmus Ercan , Tastekin Güngör , Isik Kubilay , Inan Özgür 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoblastic activity around delay‐loaded intraosseous dental implants using nuclear medicine imaging techniques.Material and methods: Seven totally edentulous patients (two females and five males, between 48 and 57 years of age) were included in the study. Two implants were inserted into mandibular canine regions and removable prostheses were produced after 3 months. Whole‐body bone scintigraphies with 20 mCi technetium 99m labelled methylene diphosphonate were taken from the patients before implant insertion, 3 months after implant placement just before the prostheses were made and 1 year after implant placement. Standardized count/pixel (SC/P) rates were calculated for each patient. Preimplantation SC/P values were compared with the 3‐ and 12‐month values. Three‐month values were compared with the 12‐month values as well.Results: SC/P rates in the third month were significantly higher (P<0.05) than preoperative values and the SC/P rates of the 12th month were significantly lower (P<0.05) than 3‐month values. The SC/P rates of the 12th month were relatively higher than first scintigraphies but the difference was insignificant (P>0.05).Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, in which delayed loading was applied, we showed that osteoblastic activity persisted more in delay loaded implants than immediate and early loading. After 1 year, there was no cellular activity around two implants and this implied that two implants were sufficient for a total prosthesis. To cite this article:
Kalayci A, Durmus E, Tastekin G, Isik K, Inan Ö. Evaluation of osteoblastic activity around dental implants by using bone scintigraphy. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 209–212. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01822.x
Influence of surgical technique and surface roughness on the primary stability of an implant in artificial bone with different cortical thickness: a laboratory study
Authors: Tabassum Afsheen , Meijer Gert J. , Wolke Johannes G. C. , Jansen John A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim of this biomechanical study was to assess the interrelated effect of both surface roughness and surgical technique on the primary stability of dental implants.Material and methods: For the experiment, 160 screw‐designed implants (Biocomp®), with either a machined or an etched surface topography, were inserted into polyurethane foam blocks (Sawbones®). As an equivalent of trabecular bone, a density of 0.48 g/cm3 was chosen. To mimic the cortical layer, on top of these blocks short‐fibre‐filled epoxy sheets were attached with a thickness varying from 0 to 2.5 mm. The implant sites were prepared using either a press‐fit or an undersized technique. To measure the primary stability of the implant, both the insertion and the removal torques were scored.Results: Independent of the surgical technique used, both implant types showed an increased insertion and removal torque values with increasing cortical thickness, although >2 mm cortical layer no further increase in insertion torque was observed. In the models with only trabecular bone (without cortical layer) and with a 1 mm cortical layer, both implant types showed a statistically higher insertion and removal torque values for undersized compared with the press‐fit technique. In addition, etched implants showed a statistically higher insertion and removal torque mean values compared with machined implants. In the models with 2 and 2.5 mm cortical layers, with respect to the insertion torque values, no effect of either implantation technique or implant surface topography could be observed.Conclusion: The placement of etched implants in synthetic bone models using an undersized preparation technique resulted in enhanced primary implant stability. A correlation was found between the primary stability and the cortical thickness. However, at or above a cortical thickness of 2 mm, the effect of both an undersized surgical approach, as also the presence of a roughened (etched) implant surface, had no extra effect. Besides the mechanical aspects, the biological effect of undersized drilling, i.e. the bone response on the extra insertion torque forces should also be elucidated. Therefore, additional in vivo studies are needed. To cite this article:
Tabassum A, Meijer GJ, Wolke JGC, Jansen JA. Influence of surgical technique and surface roughness on the primary stability of an implant in artificial bone with different cortical thickness: a laboratory study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 213–220. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01823.x
A randomized clinical 1‐year trial comparing two types of non‐submerged dental implants
Authors: Park Jong‐Chul , Ha Seung‐Ryong , Kim Soung‐Min , Kim Myung‐Jin , Lee Jai‐Bong , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives: This study compared the implant stability and clinical outcomes obtained with two types of non‐submerged dental implants that have different thread designs and surface treatments.Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial with 1 year of follow‐up was performed on 56 participants with 75 implants (control group, 36 implants in 28 subjects; experimental group, 39 implants in 28 subjects). The experimental group received the Osstem SSII Implant system; the control group received the Standard Straumann® Dental Implant System. The diameter and length of the fixture were uniform at 4.1 mm and 10 mm and all the implants restored the unilateral loss of one or two molars from the mandible. To compare implant stability, the peak insertion torque, implant stability quotient (ISQ), and periotest value (PTV) were evaluated during surgery, and at 4 and 10 weeks after surgery. To compare marginal bone loss, standard periapical radiographs were obtained during surgery, and at 10 weeks and 1 year after surgery.Results: This study showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in peak insertion torque (P=0.009) and ISQ (P=0.003) but not in PTV (P=0.097) at surgery. In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference in the pattern of change of ISQ during the 10 weeks after surgery (P=0.339). For marginal bone loss, no significant difference was observed between the control and the experimental groups before functional loading (P=0.624), but after 1 year of follow‐up, a borderline difference was observed (P=0.048).Conclusion: The success rate after 1 year of follow‐up was 100% for both implant system despite the presence of a significant difference in implant stability during surgery. There was a borderline difference in marginal bone loss after 1 year of follow‐up. To cite this article:
Park J‐C, Ha S‐R, Kim S‐M, Kim M‐J, Lee J‐B, Lee J‐H. A randomized clinical 1‐year trial comparing two types of non‐submerged dental implant. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 228–236. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01828.x
Measurement of ridge alterations following tooth removal: a radiographic study in humans
Authors: Moya‐Villaescusa M. J. , Sánchez‐Pérez A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was a radiographic mesiodistal analysis of the shape of the bone crest 3 months after tooth removal.Material and methods: One hundred single tooth extractions were performed on 100 patients because of orthodontic or prosthetic causes. Bite blocks were used for two radiographs: one on the day of extraction and the other after healing of the socket, 3 months later. These X‐rays were used to determine: (1) the most apical distance of alveolar ridge resorption, with baseline as the line between bone‐to‐teeth contact (the greatest distance in bone resorption height) and (2) the mesiodistal distance (MDD) and mesial and distal angles arising after bone tissue modeling.Results: Significant differences (P<0.05) emerged between the MDDs of multiple‐ [8 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.09, 9.90] and single‐root teeth (5.60 mm, 95% CI: 4.80, 6.50). However, mesial or distal angles or the most apical distance of alveolar ridge resorption did not differ (mean distance in height=4.32 mm, 95% CI: 3.85, 4.78; mean angle=24°).Conclusions: In this study, the post‐extraction mesiodistal bone distance between teeth adjacent to the edentulous ridge depends on the size of the edentulous space. Nevertheless, the distance does not affect the distance in bone loss height. The distance of bone resorption height reaches a balance at the midpoint, which we consider indicative of stable healing. This resorption process must be considered when placing dental implants in fresh extraction sockets, especially in aesthetic sites, because the implant surfaces could be exposed after 3 months. To cite this article:
Moya‐Villaescusa MJ, Sánchez‐Pérez A. Measurement of ridge alterations following tooth removal: a radiographic study in humans. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 237–242. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01831.x
The effect of maximum bite force on marginal bone loss of mini‐implants supporting a mandibular overdenture: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jofré J. , Hamada T. , Nishimura M. , Klattenhoff C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the effect of maximum bite force (mBF) on marginal bone loss (MBL) around mini‐implants in edentulous patients wearing mandibular overdentures with two retention systems: ball and bar.Material and methods: Forty‐five totally edentulous patients were selected from a public health center. All of them received two mini‐implants (1.8 × 15 mm; Sendax®) in the anterior mandible using a minimally invasive technique. A single randomization was performed to allocate the patients in two groups. Group I (n=22) received two single ball‐type mini‐implants and Group II (n=23) received two mini‐implants splinted with a prefabricated bar. The mBF was recorded using a press‐sensitive sheet Dental Prescale® (Fuji) and MBL using standardized radiographs of each mini‐implant at the baseline and 5, 7, 10, and 15 months after surgery; the values were compared between groups.Results: Two members of Group I failed to complete the study, decreasing the number of participants to 20. There was no relationship between the mBF and the MBL of the mini‐implants (Spearman's ρrs=0.147; P=0.378). At the 15‐month follow‐up, the average mBF for Group I (ball) was 247.53 ± 132.91 N and that of Group II (bar) only 203.23 ± 76.85 N (Mann–Whitney test; P=0.586). The MBL values were also higher for Group I (1.40 ± 1.02 mm) than Group II (0.84 ± 0.66 mm) during the entire 15‐month follow‐up period (Mann–Whitney test; P=0.077).Conclusions: No relationship was found between mBF and MBL for patients wearing overdentures retained on mini‐implants using bar or ball attachment systems. To cite this article:
Jofré J, Hamada T, Nishimura M, Klattenhoff C. The effect of maximum bite force on marginal bone loss of mini‐implants supporting a mandibular overdenture: a randomized controlled trial. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 243–249. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01834.x
Phylogenetic Composition of Angiosperm Diversity in the Cloud Forests of Mexico
Authors: Luna‐Vega Isolda , Magallón Susana 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTSeveral members of the most ancient living lineages of flowering plants (angiosperms) inhabit humid, woody, mostly tropical habitats. Here we assess whether one of these forest types, the cloud forests of Mexico (CFM), contain a relatively higher proportion of phylogenetically early‐diverging angiosperm lineages. The CFM houses an extraordinary plant species diversity, including members of earliest‐diverging angiosperm lineages. The phylogenetic composition of CFM angiosperm diversity was evaluated through the relative representation of orders and families with respect to the global flora, and the predominance of phylogenetically early‐ or late‐diverging lineages. Goodness‐of‐fit tests indicated significant differences in the proportional local and global representation of angiosperm clades. The net difference between the percentage represented by each order and family in the CFM and the global flora allowed identification of clades that are overrepresented and underrepresented in the CFM. Early‐diverging angiosperm orders and families were found to be neither over‐ nor underrepresented in the CFM. A slight predominance of late‐diverging phylogenetic levels among overrepresented clades, however, was encountered in the CFM. The resulting pattern suggests that cloud forests provide habitats where the most ancient angiosperm lineages have survived in the face of accumulating species diversity belonging to phylogenetically late‐diverging lineages.
Metabolism and Long‐distance Translocation of Cytokinins
Authors: Kudo Toru , Kiba Takatoshi , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract During plant development, distantly‐located organs must communicate in order to adapt morphological and physiological features in response to environmental inputs. Among the recognized signaling molecules, a class of phytohormones known as the cytokinins functions as both local and long‐distance regulatory signals for the coordination of plant development. This cytokinin‐dependent communication system consists of orchestrated regulation of the metabolism, translocation, and signal transduction of this phytohormone class. Here, to gain insight into this elaborate signaling system, we summarize current models of biosynthesis, trans‐membrane transport, and long‐distance translocation of cytokinins in higher plants.
BYPASS1: How a Tiny Mutant Tells a Big Story about Root‐to‐shoot Signaling
Authors: Sieburth Leslie E. , Lee Dong‐Keun 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Plants coordinate their development using long‐distance signaling. The vascular system provides a route for long‐distance movement, and specifically the xylem for root‐to‐shoot signaling. Root‐to‐shoot signals play roles communicating soil conditions, and these signals are important for agricultural water conservation. Using genetic approaches, the Arabidopsis bypass1 (bps1) mutant, which over‐produces a root‐derived signal, was identified. Although bps1 mutants have both root and shoot defects, the shoot can develop normally if the roots are removed, and the mutant root is sufficient to induce arrest of the wild‐type shoot. BYPASS1 encodes a protein with no functionally characterized domains, and BPS1‐like genes are found in plant genomes, but not the genomes of animals. Analyses of hormone pathways indicate that the mobile compound that arises in bps1 roots requires carotenoid biosynthesis, but it is neither abscisic acid nor strigolactone. The current model suggests that BPS1 is required to prevent the synthesis of a novel substance that moves from the root to the shoot, where it modifies shoot growth by interfering with auxin signaling.
Marginal Land‐based Biomass Energy Production in China
Authors: Tang Ya , Xie Jia‐Sui , Geng Shu 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Fast economic development in China has resulted in a significant increase in energy demand. Coal accounts for 70% of China's primary energy consumption and its combustion has caused many environmental and health problems. Energy security and environmental protection requirements are the main drivers for renewable energy development in China. Small farmland and food security make bioenergy derived from corn or sugarcane unacceptable to China: the focus should be on generating bioenergy from ligno‐cellulosic feedstock sources. As China cannot afford biomass energy production from its croplands, marginal lands may play an important role in biomass energy production. Although on a small scale, marginal land has already been used for various purposes. It is estimated that some 45 million hm2 of marginal land could be brought into high potential biomass energy production. For the success of such an initiative, it will likely be necessary to develop multipurpose plants. A case study, carried out on marginal land in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province with per capita cropland of 0.07 ha, indicated that some 380 000 tons of dry biomass could be produced each year from annual pruning of mulberry trees. This study supports the feasibility of producing large quantities of biomass from marginal land sources.
Flavonoids: New Roles for Old Molecules
Authors: Buer Charles S. , Imin Nijat , Djordjevic Michael A. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Flavonoids are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and have many diverse functions including defense, UV protection, auxin transport inhibition, allelopathy, and flower coloring. Interestingly, these compounds also have considerable biological activity in plant, animal and bacterial systems – such broad activity is accomplished by few compounds. Yet, for all the research over the last three decades, many of the cellular targets of these secondary metabolites are unknown. The many mutants available in model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula are enabling the intricacies of the physiology of these compounds to be deduced. In the present review, we cover recent advances in flavonoid research, discuss deficiencies in our understanding of the physiological processes, and suggest approaches to identify the cellular targets of flavonoids.
Terpenoid Biosynthesis and Specialized Vascular Cells of Conifer Defense
Authors: Zulak Katherine G. , Bohlmann Jörg 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Defense‐related terpenoid biosynthesis in conifers is a dynamic process closely associated with specialized anatomical structures that allows conifers to cope with attack from many potential pests and pathogens. The constitutive and inducible terpenoid defense of conifers involves several hundred different monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. Changing arrays of these many compounds are formed from the general isoprenoid pathway by activities of large gene families for two classes of enzymes, the terpene synthases and the cytochrome P450‐dependent monooxygenases of the CYP720B group. Extensive studies have been conducted on the genomics, proteomics and molecular biochemical characterization of these enzymes. Many of the conifer terpene synthases are multi‐product enzymes, and the P450 enzymes of the CYP720B group are promiscuous in catalyzing multiple oxidations, along homologous series of diterpenoids, from a broad spectrum of substrates. The terpene synthases and CYP720B genes respond to authentic or simulated insect attack with increased transcript levels, protein abundance and enzyme activity. The constitutive and induced oleoresin terpenoids for conifer defense accumulate in preformed cortical resin ducts and in xylem trauma‐associated resin ducts. Formation of these resin ducts de novo in the cambium zone and developing xylem, following insect attack or treatment of trees with methyl jasmonate, is a unique feature of the induced defense of long‐lived conifer trees.
A Model System of Development Regulated by the Long‐distance Transport of mRNA
Authors: Hannapel David J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract BEL1‐like transcription factors are ubiquitous in plants and interact with KNOTTED1‐types to regulate numerous developmental processes. In potato, the RNA of several BEL1‐like transcription factors has been identified in phloem cells. One of these, StBEL5, and its Knox protein partner regulate tuber formation by targeting genes that control growth. RNA detection methods and grafting experiments demonstrated that StBEL5 transcripts move across a graft union to localize in stolon tips, the site of tuber induction. This movement of RNA originates in source leaf veins and petioles and is induced by a short‐day photoperiod, regulated by the untranslated regions, and correlated with enhanced tuber production. Addition of the StBEL5 untranslated regions to another BEL1‐like mRNA resulted in its preferential transport to stolon tips leading to increased tuber production. Upon fusion of the untranslated regions of StBEL5 to a β‐glucuronidase marker, translation in tobacco protoplasts was repressed by those constructs containing the 3′ untranslated sequence. The untranslated regions of the StBEL5 mRNA are involved in mediating its long‐distance transport and in controlling translation. The 3′ untranslated sequence contains an abundance of conserved motifs that may serve as binding motifs for RNA‐binding proteins. Because of their presence in the phloem sieve tube system, their unique untranslated region sequences and their diverse RNA accumulation patterns, the family of BEL1‐like RNAs from potato represents a valuable model for studying the long‐distance transport of full‐length mRNAs and their role in development.