bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of cause of death following total joint replacement using different thromboprophylaxis regimens
Authors: Poultsides L. A. , Gonzalez Della Valle A. , Memtsoudis S. G. , Ma Y. , Roberts T. , Sharrock N. , Salvati E. 
Published: January 2012

We performed a meta-analysis of modern total joint replacement (TJR) to determine the post-operative mortality and the cause of death using different thromboprophylactic regimens as follows: 1) no routine chemothromboprophylaxis (NRC); 2) Potent anticoagulation (PA) (unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin, ximelagatran, fondaparinux or rivaroxaban); 3) Potent anticoagulation combined (PAC) with regional anaesthesia and/or pneumatic compression devices (PCDs); 4) Warfarin (W); 5) Warfarin combined (WAC) with regional anaesthesia and/or PCD; and 6) Multimodal (MM) prophylaxis, including regional anaesthesia, PCDs and aspirin in low-risk patients. Cause of death was classified as autopsy proven, clinically certain or unknown. Deaths were grouped into cardiopulmonary excluding pulmonary embolism (PE), PE, bleeding-related, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and others (miscellaneous). Meta-analysis based on fixed effects or random effects models was used for pooling incidence data. In all, 70 studies were included (99 441 patients; 373 deaths). The mortality was lowest in the MM (0.2%) and WC (0.2%) groups. The most frequent cause of death was cardiopulmonary (47.9%), followed by PE (25.4%) and bleeding (8.9%). The proportion of deaths due to PE was not significantly affected by the thromboprophylaxis regimen (PA, 35.5%; PAC, 28%; MM, 23.2%; and NRC, 16.3%). Fatal bleeding was higher in groups relying on the use of anticoagulation (W, 33.8%; PA, 9.4%; PAC, 10.8%) but the differences were not statistically significant. Our study demonstrated that the routine use of PA does not reduce the overall mortality or the proportion of deaths due to PE.
Impaction femoral allografting at revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Masterson S. , Lidder S. , Scott G. 
Published: January 2012

We report the long-term results of revision total hip replacement using femoral impaction allografting with both uncemented and cemented Freeman femoral components. A standard design of component was used in both groups, with additional proximal hydroxyapatite coating in the uncemented group. A total of 33 hips in 30 patients received an uncemented component and 31 hips in 30 patients a cemented component. The mean follow-up was 9.8 years (2 to 17) in the uncemented group and 6.2 years (1 to 11) in the cemented group. Revision procedures (for all causes) were required in four patients (four hips) in the uncemented group and in five patients (five hips) in the cemented group. Harris hip scores improved significantly in both groups and were maintained independently of the extent of any migration of the femoral component within the graft or graft–cement mantle.
Salivary cortisol as a diagnostic tool for Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency: improved screening by an automatic immunoassay
Authors: Deutschbein Timo , Broecker-Preuss Martina , Flitsch Jörg , Jaeger Andrea , Althoff Ricarda , Walz Martin K , Mann Klaus , Petersenn Stephan 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundSalivary cortisol is increasingly used to assess patients with suspected hypo- and hypercortisolism. This study established disease-specific reference ranges for an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).MethodsUnstimulated saliva from 62 patients with hypothalamic–pituitary disease was collected at 0800 h. A peak serum cortisol level below 500 nmol/l during the insulin tolerance test (ITT) was used to identify hypocortisolism. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis allowed establishment of lower and upper cutoffs with at least 95% specificity for adrenal insufficiency and adrenal sufficiency. Saliva from 40 patients with confirmed hypercortisolism, 45 patients with various adrenal masses, and 115 healthy subjects was sampled at 2300 h and after low-dose dexamethasone suppression at 0800 h. ROC analysis was used to calculate thresholds with at least 95% sensitivity for hypercortisolism. Salivary cortisol was measured with an automated ECLIA.ResultsWhen screening for secondary adrenal insufficiency, a lower cutoff of 3.2 nmol/l and an upper cutoff of 13.2 nmol/l for unstimulated salivary cortisol allowed a highly specific diagnosis (i.e. similar to the ITT result) in 26% of patients. For identification of hypercortisolism, cutoffs of 6.1 nmol/l (sensitivity 95%, specificity 91%, area under the curve (AUC) 0.97) and 2.0 nmol/l (sensitivity 97%, specificity 86%, AUC 0.97) were established for salivary cortisol at 2300 h and for dexamethasone-suppressed salivary cortisol at 0800 h.ConclusionsThe newly established thresholds facilitated initial screening for secondary adrenal insufficiency and allowed excellent identification of hypercortisolism. Measurement by an automated immunoassay will allow broader use of salivary cortisol as a diagnostic tool.
BlowFlow - a New Tool within Blowout Risk Management
Authors: Arild Ø , Fjelde K. K. , Merlo A. , Daireaux B. , Løberg T. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Blowouts represent one of the most severe threats associated with exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources, involving the risk of losing human lives, environmental and economic values. In particular, today's focus on protection of the environment and the ambitions of the industry to operate safely in environmentally sensitive areas generates a need for improved cross disciplinary tools and work processes within blowout risk management. This paper will present a methodology aiming to form the foundation for a new standard for blowout risk assessment. Both details of the analysis method and its contributions to improving the risk management work process will be addressed. The new methodology combines knowledge from different technical disciplines by merging hydraulic flow modelling and different blowout duration models in a Monte Carlo simulation framework, and differs from traditional blowout evaluation methods both in terms of how to collect input data to the analysis and the way the final result is presented and communicated. This methodology introduces a common working platform for HSE engineers and the other disciplines involved in well planning, thus improving cross communication between different disciplines. The paper will present the building blocks of the methodology and illustrate its application on a case from the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Utilisation of bleed steam heat to increase the upper heat source temperature in low-temperature ORC
Authors: Mikielewicz Dariusz , Mikielewicz Jarosław 
Published: January 2012

Utilisation of bleed steam heat to increase the upper heat source temperature in low-temperature ORC
In the paper presented is a novel concept to utilize the heat from the turbine bleed to improve the quality of working fluid vapour in the bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC). That is a completely novel solution in the literature, which contributes to the increase of ORC efficiency and the overall efficiency of the combined system of the power plant and ORC plant. Calculations have been accomplished for the case when available is a flow rate of low enthalpy hot water at a temperature of 90 °C, which is used for preliminary heating of the working fluid. That hot water is obtained as a result of conversion of exhaust gases in the power plant to the energy of hot water. Then the working fluid is further heated by the bleed steam to reach 120 °C. Such vapour is subsequently directed to the turbine. In the paper 5 possible working fluids were examined, namely R134a, MM, MDM, toluene and ethanol. Only under conditions of 120 °C/40 °C the silicone oil MM showed the best performance, in all other cases the ethanol proved to be best performing fluid of all. Results are compared with the "stand alone" ORC module showing its superiority.
New technique of the local heat flux measurement in combustion chambers of steam boilers
Authors: Taler Jan , Taler Dawid , Sobota Tomasz , Dzierwa Piotr 
Published: January 2012

New technique of the local heat flux measurement in combustion chambers of steam boilers
A new method for measurement of local heat flux to water-walls of steam boilers was developed. A flux meter tube was made from an eccentric tube of short length to which two longitudinal fins were attached. These two fins prevent the boiler setting from heating by a thermal radiation from the combustion chamber. The fins are not welded to the adjacent water-wall tubes, so that the temperature distribution in the heat flux meter is not influenced by neighbouring water-wall tubes. The thickness of the heat flux tube wall is larger on the fireside to obtain a greater distance between the thermocouples located inside the wall which increases the accuracy of heat flux determination. Based on the temperature measurements at selected points inside the heat flux meter, the heat flux absorbed by the water-wall, heat transfer coefficient on the inner tube surface and temperature of the water-steam mixture was determined.
Thermomechanical CSM analysis of a superheater tube in transient state
Authors: Taler Dawid , Madejski Paweł 
Published: January 2012

Thermomechanical CSM analysis of a superheater tube in transient state
The paper presents a thermomechanical computational solid mechanics analysis (CSM) of a pipe "double omega", used in the steam superheaters in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. The complex cross-section shape of the "double omega" tubes requires more precise analysis in order to prevent from failure as a result of the excessive temperature and thermal stresses. The results have been obtained using the finite volume method for transient state of superheater. The calculation was carried out for the section of pipe made of low-alloy steel.
The effect of the internal reheat application on the efficiency of the 900 MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired power unit
Authors: Łukowicz Henryk , Dykas Sławomir , Stępczyńska Katarzyna , Rulik Sebastian 
Published: January 2012

The effect of the internal reheat application on the efficiency of the 900 MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired power unit
The paper presents a thermal-economic analysis of a 900 MW coal-fired power unit for ultra-supercritical parameters with internal steam reheat. The subject of the study was the cycle proposed as the "initial thermal cycle structure" during the completion of the project "Advanced Technologies for Energy Generation" with the steam parameters of 650/670 °C/30 MPa. Two configurations of internal reheat were analysed: with a four- and seven-section exchanger. The effect of reheat on the operation of the power unit under a partial load was also analysed, and preliminary calculations of the heat exchange area of the internal reheat were made.
Verification of heat flux and temperature calculation on the control rod outer surface
Authors: Taler Jan , Cebula Artur 
Published: January 2012

Verification of heat flux and temperature calculation on the control rod outer surfaceThe paper presents heat transfer calculation results concerning a control rod of Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The part of the control rod, which is the object of interest, is surrounded by a mixing region of hot and cold flows and, as a consequence, is subjected to thermal fluctuations. The paper describes a numerical test which validates the method based on the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). The comparison of the results achieved by two methods, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and IHCP, including a description of the IHCP method used in the calculation process, shows a very good agreement between the methods.
Application of CFD technique for modelling of the thermoacoustic engine
Authors: Rulik Sebastian , Remiorz Leszek , Dykas Sławomir 
Published: January 2012

Application of CFD technique for modelling of the thermoacoustic engineThe paper is concerned with an important issue from the field of thermoacoustics - the numerical modelling of the flow field in the thermoacoustic engine. The presented way of modelling is based on the solution to fundamental fluid mechanics equations that govern the flow of compressible, viscous, and heat-transferring gas. The paper presents the way of modelling the thermoacoustic engine, the way of conducting calculations and the results which illustrate the correctness of the selected computational technique.
Transfer function matrix model of the bubbling fluidized bed boiler
Authors: Porzuczek Jan 
Published: January 2012

Transfer function matrix model of the bubbling fluidized bed boiler
The paper presents proposal of a model of the fluidized bed boiler adapted for use in model-based controllers e.g. predictive, adaptive or internal model control (IMC). The model has been derived in the form of transfer function matrix which allows its direct implementation in the controller structure. Formulated model takes into consideration the principal cross-coupling between process variables which enables the opportunity to search for feasibility of decoupling control. The results of the identification of the dynamics of the 2 MW industrial bubbling fluidized bed boiler using the proposed model form was presented. According to the experimental data it was found that despite of introduced simplifications presented model allows the boiler behavior prediction.
Optimization of guide vane positions in bended inflow of mechanical draft wet-cooling tower
Authors: Klimanek Adam , Musioł Tomasz , Stechman Adam 
Published: January 2012

Optimization of guide vane positions in bended inflow of mechanical draft wet-cooling tower
Optimization of vane positions in a mechanical draft wet-cooling tower is presented in this paper. The originally installed, equally spaced, vanes produced non-uniform air velocity distribution reducing the performance of the fill of the cooling tower. A 2D CFD model of the tower has been created. The model has then been used to determine the objective function in the optimization procedure. The selected objective function was the standard deviation of the velocity of air entering the fill. The Goal Driven Optimization tools of the ANSYSWorkbench 2.0 have been used for the optimization and the ANSYS Fluent 13.0 as a flow solver. The optimization allowed reduction of the objective function and producing a more uniform air flow.
Mutwillig den Wald einzäunen (Essay)
Authors: Hostettler Martin 
Published: January 2012

Willfully fencing the forest (essay)
The right to access forests and pastures occasionally leads to discussions in forest policy circles. This essay discusses the “cathedral of property” perspective by Calabresi and Melamed and proposes a new idea for local regulation concerning the right of free access to forests. First, it describes the problem and explains the difference between four rules developed by Calabresi and Melamed. Thereafter, it advocates the protection of the right to access forests by Rule 4. This means, the forest owners themselves may deny free access to their forest, however with liability for damages. This essay indicates how Rule 4 could be formulated and how it could be implemented on the forest area.
Verfügungsrechte vertraglich regeln: ein Modell zur Vermeidung von Umweltkonflikten?
Authors: Wagner Stefan 
Published: January 2012

Contractual regulation of property rights: a model for avoiding environmental conflicts?
The article presents “The problem of social cost” by Coase within the current legal context. It illustrates the challenges, which the purely market-oriented solution to environmental conflicts is confronted with. Thereafter, it outlines the application area of the solutions bound by contracts in nature conservation legislation, hunting and forest law.
Le sujet, la psychanalyse et l'art contemporain
Authors: Rivera Tania 
Published: January 2012

Résumé À partir du travail de Sophie Calle, cet essai tente de cerner quelque chose de fondamental dans le dialogue entre art et psychanalyse : l’un et l’autre visent à éveiller des effets de sujet . En renouvelant ses rapports à l’art à travers la production contemporaine, la théorie psychanalytique peut donc être fidèle à ce qui est son thème central, en mettant en acte elle-même une sorte de subversion du sujet.
"Conversations réflexives" dans la classe de langues virtuelle par conférence asynchrone
Authors: Lamy Marie-Noëlle , Goodfellow Robin 
Published: January 2012

A l’Open University, université britannique de télé-enseignement, les concepteurs de matériaux utilisent depuis longtemps des pédagogies qui amènent l’apprenant à réfléchir sur son apprentissage et à expliciter cette réflexion. Or aujourd’hui les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) leur permettent de faire interagir apprenants, professeurs et locuteurs natifs. Ainsi l’apprenant participe à la communication et reçoit en retour des messages en langue cible, dont il se sert pour améliorer sa compétence communicative. Qu’en est-il, dès lors, du rôle de la réflexion consciente dans le processus d’apprentissage ? Vu les importantes possibilités d’interactivité offertes par les TIC, doit-on encore prôner la réflexion consciente dans le télé-enseignement ? Nous répondons par l’affirmative, considérant que les concepteurs d’environnements virtuels doivent faciliter et la réflexion consciente et l’interactivité spontanée. Nous soutenons que la conférence télématique asynchrone est un outil qui permet d’atteindre cet objectif. Nous cherchons à voir dans quelle mesure la réflexivité et l’interactivité interviennent dans ce type de conférence, et à préciser la valeur pédagogique de ces échanges. Nous étudions une conférence organisée pour des étudiants de français langue étrangère (FLE) et nous proposons une pédagogie visant à promouvoir ce que nous appelons des "conversations réflexives", c’est-à-dire des échanges privilégiant des thèmes langagiers ou portant sur l’apprentissage même des langues.
De l’usage des courbes sonores et autres supports graphiques pour aider l’apprenant en langues.
Authors: Cazade Alain 
Published: January 2012

Les logiciels de langues ont abondamment recours à l´affichage de courbes sonores autant pour rehausser leur crédibilité que pour tenter d´aider l´apprenant à fabriquer un lien entre sa production vocale et l´exemple qu´on lui demande d´imiter, alors qu´il ne sait seulement pas, le plus souvent, comment commencer à améliorer l´une pour mieux reproduire l´autre. Ces courbes sonores, de simples oscillogrammes la plupart du temps, peuvent- elles jouer un rôle quelconque dans ce sens ? Au moment où à tous les niveaux l´accent semble être enfin mis sur l´importance de la phonétique, de même que sur les spécificités de l´entraînement à la pratique de l´oral dans l´enseignement des langues vivantes, il semble intéressant ce poser cette question même si nombreux sont ceux qui considèrent que de telles courbes sonores n´apportent rien, essentiellement pour l´insuffisance de l´information utile qu´elles contiennent. Si tel est le cas, on peut chercher à définir quels affichages aideraient les apprenants à mieux appréhender les mécanismes de la phonation et à faire progresser la qualité de leur prononciation. Une évolution semble déjà se dessiner qui vise à dépasser les faiblesses constatées. Il sera intéressant de voir si cette évolution va dans le bon sens.
Définition d'un profil d'apprenant en situation d'auto-évaluation
Authors: Bourdet Jean-François , Teutsch Philippe 
Published: January 2012

Ce texte présente un projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire (didactique du FLE et EIAO) centré sur la modélisation de l'apprenant. Le système GCSE valide les compétences d'un public placé en situation d'évaluation par un environnement multimédia de test des habiletés linguistiques. Le repérage et le classement des erreurs par le système permettent de constituer des corpus de fautes rendus accessibles avec leur contexte de production. On dispose ainsi d'éléments nécessaires à la constitution d'un profil par la mise en forme de différents niveaux : validation de la compétence globale, performances spécifiques dans telle partie du texte, types d'erreurs récurrents, corpus constitués des fautes rencontrées. Les outils mis en place ont pour but d'aider l'utilisateur à construire un parcours d'auto-évaluation : relecture des activités, mise en relation d'éléments originellement séparés. Ils permettent également à un évaluateur de disposer d'indices pertinents quant au niveau de performance atteint par l'apprenant.
Une expérience de recherche documentaire sur Internet en classe de langue : propositions de modélisation didactique
Authors: Verreman Alain 
Published: January 2012

Dans le cadre du cours d'allemand, des classes de lycée (120 élèves concernés) ont effectué des recherches guidées sur des sites Internet. L'expérience décrite sert de base, tout d'abord, à une réflexion sur l'opportunité didactique de recherches documentaires sur Internet, en cours de langue étrangère. En effet, l'intérêt de cette activité n'est réel que si elle donne lieu à la mise en place d'un dispositif d'apprentissage. Des conclusions sont tirées sur les écueils à éviter, les principes à respecter et sur les perspectives nouvelles que ce média ouvre dans le domaine des "méthodes actives", de l'autonomisation de l'apprenant et de la production en langue étrangère. Le dispositif utilisé fait ensuite l'objet d'une réflexion didactique approfondie. Il est passé au crible des critères de variation, de différenciation, de pertinence et de cohérence. Puis les résultats sont comparés aux travaux publiés dans ce domaine en France et en Allemagne. Enfin, une proposition de modélisation fait apparaître que le dispositif utilisé a une double appartenance : au modèle culturel et au modèle de la tâche complexe, ceux-ci étant définis par leurs dominantes, leurs activités typiques, leurs objectifs formatifs, leurs principes didactiques et leurs finalités éducatives.
La correction et la révision de l'écrit en français langue seconde : médiation humaine, médiation informatique
Authors: Cordier-Gauthier Corinne , Dion Chantal 
Published: January 2012

L'apprentissage de la correction / révision de l'écrit par les apprenants de français langue seconde peut-elle tirer profit des correcteurs orthographiques et grammaticaux des traitements de texte ou des correcticiels spécialisés ? La nature de la médiation informatique permet-elle aux apprenants de corriger de façon efficace leurs textes et comment se compare-t-elle avec la correction humaine ? Qu'est-ce qui différencie ces deux médiations ? Des textes rédigés par des anglophones ont été soumis aux deux types de corrections, humaine et informatique, soit deux enseignantes ayant vingt ans d'expérience et la correction informatique effectuée par le correcteur orthographique et grammatical de Word et les deux correcticiels canadiens, Le correcteur 101 et Antidote. Les résultats montrent que la nature de ces médiations n'est pas comparable et que la médiation informatique, pour être efficace, nécessite la participation active, intelligente et instruite de l'utilisateur et que les correcticiels ne peuvent pas corriger efficacement des textes d'étudiants de niveau intermédiaire.