bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiwasserstoff
Authors: Harrer Roswitha 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNachdem Dirac 1931 die Existenz von Antimaterie postuliert hatte, wurde als erstes Antiteilchen 1931 das Positron – das Anti‐Elektron – in kosmischer Strahlung entdeckt. Inzwischen weiß man, dass jedes Elementarteilchen sein Antiteilchen hat, und Positronen werden bereits medizinisch in der Positronen‐Emissions‐Tomographie genutzt. Rechnungen und Experimente mit Antimaterie haben auf das Standardmodell der Elementarteilchenphysik direkten Einfluss.
Giftzähne – nicht immer eine hohle Sache
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDer Biss einer Mangroven‐Nachtbaumnatter (Boiga dendrophila) endet für Reptilien und Vögel tödlich. Ihr Giftzahn sitzt locker auf dem Kieferknochen auf und ist mit Gift benetzt. Die meisten Giftschlangen und giftigen Reptilien haben gefurchte Zähne – nicht hohle, die wie Injektionsnadeln funktionieren. Münchner Physiker untersuchten nun die Fließeigenschaften von Schlangengift in der Zahnfurche.
The effect of nano‐ and micro‐TiO2 particles on reflective behavior of printed cotton/nylon fabrics in vis/NIR regions
Authors: Mehrizi Mohammad Khajeh , Mortazavi Sayed Majid , Mallakpour Shadpour , Bidoki Seyed Mansour 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTo match the reflectance profile of desert colors including brown, olive green, and khaki in the Vis/near IR (NIR) bands, several pigments were used to print cotton/nylon fabrics. The reflectances of printed fabrics were measured by using spectrophotometric technique. TiO2 microparticle and nanoparticle powders were also added to the printing pastes to evaluate their effect of reflectance, light, rubbing, washing fastnesses, and colorimetric values of each sample. Tuning the reflectance behavior of each color was successfully managed using specific pigments along with TiO2 particles. NIR reflectance of brown, khaki, and olive green printed fabrics was enhanced by presence of TiO2 in printing formulations, which is in complete agreement with the Kubelka–Munk theory. NIR enhancing effect of TiO2 particles was fast against rubbing, washing, and light exposures while it could significantly change the visible appearance of the printed patterns even at concentrations as low as 0.25 g/kg. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Evaluation of colour‐difference formulae for different colour‐difference magnitudes
Authors: Wang Han , Cui Guihua , Luo M. Ronnier , Xu Haisong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMost of the colour‐difference formulae were developed to fit data sets having a limited range of colour‐difference magnitudes. Hence, their performances are uncertain when applying them to a range of colour differences from very small to very large colour differences. This article describes an experiment including three parts according to the colour‐difference magnitudes: large colour difference (LCD), small colour difference (SCD), and threshold colour difference (TCD) corresponding to mean ΔE values of 50.3, 3.5, and 0.6, respectively. Three visual assessment techniques were used: ratio judgement, pair comparison, and threshold for LCD, SCD, and TCD experiments, respectively. Three data sets were used to test six colour‐difference formulae and uniform colour spaces (CIELAB, CIE94, CIEDE2000, CAM02‐SCD, CAM02‐UCS, and CAM02‐LCD). The results showed that all formulae predicted visual results with great accuracy except CIELAB. CIEDE2000 worked effectively for the full range of colour differences, i.e., it performed the best for the TCD and SCD data and reasonably well for the LCD data. The three CIECAM02 based colour spaces gave quite satisfactory performance. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Enhanced Thermoelectric Figure of Merit of Zintl Phase YbCd2–xMnxSb2 by Chemical Substitution
Authors: Guo Kai , Cao Qi‐Gao , Feng Xian‐Juan , Tang Mei‐Bo , Chen Hao‐Hong , Guo Xiangxin , Chen Ling , Grin Yuri , Zhao Jing‐Tai 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSamples of Zintl phase YbCd2–xMnxSb2 (CaAl2Si2‐type, space group P$\bar {3}$m1) were prepared by a solid‐state reaction followed by a suitable annealing and spark plasma sintering (SPS) for densification. Investigations were carried out on chemical substitution of Cd by Mn in order to optimize the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT in the solid solution system YbCd2–xMnxSb2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). Seebeck coefficients, electrical and thermal conductivities of all the samples were measured in the temperature range 300–650 K. The presence of Mn (x ≤ 0.2) substantially reduces the thermal conductivity and enlarges the Seebeck coefficient, meanwhile decreasing the electrical conductivity to a certain degree. As the concentration of Mn (x) becomes higher than 1.0, the semimetallic nature ofYbCd2–xMnxSb2 changes to that of a semiconductor with the majority the carriers switching from holes to electrons. Of all the samples, polycrystalline YbCd1.85Mn0.15Sb2 (p‐type charge carriers) shows the highest figure of merit ZT of 1.14 at 650 K.
Subtle Size Effects in C–H Activation Reactions of Lanthanum and Praseodymium Tetramethylaluminates by Neutral Trinitrogen Bases
Authors: Bojer Daniel , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reaction of Pr(AlMe4)3 with 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (TMTAC) leads to the formation of two isomeric products by C–H activation of the AlMe4– ligands: [(η3‐TMTAC)Pr{η4‐(Me3AlCH2AlMe2CH2AlMe3)}] (1), containing a linear tris(aluminate) trianion, and [(η3‐TMTAC)Pr(η4‐{CH(AlMe3)3})] (2), containing a branched tris(aluminate) trianion. The analogous reaction with the more bulkily substituted 1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (TtBuTAC) leads selectively to [(η3‐TtBuTAC)Pr{η4‐(Me3AlCH2AlMe2CH2AlMe3)}] (3). The reaction of La(AlMe4)3 with TtBuTAC affords [(η3‐TtBuTAC)La{η4‐(Me3AlCH2AlMe2CH2AlMe3)}] (4). All compounds were characterised by elemental analysis and crystal‐structure determination. Isomers 1 and 2 could not be separated and form a cocrystalline product with a 1/2 ratio of 1:2 with two slightly different structures of 2 (2a and 2b). In compounds 2, 3 and 4 the tris(aluminate) ligand [Me3AlCH2AlMe2CH2AlMe3]3– is bonded to the lanthanide ions in an η4‐mode through two CH2 units and two terminal Me groups.
{Os5Lu20}I24, the First Extended Cluster Complex of Lutetium with Eight‐Coordinate Endohedral Osmium Atoms in Two Different Environments
Authors: Brühmann Matthias , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Valldor Martin , Meyer Gerd 
Published: August 2011

Abstract{Os5Lu20}I24 was obtained from a conproportionation reaction of lutetium and lutetium triiodide in the presence of osmium in an arc‐welded tantalum container at 850–1200 °C. The crystal structure has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Square antiprisms and cubes of lutetium atoms in a 4:1 ratio share common square faces in a chain; they encapsulate osmium atoms and are surrounded by iodide ions. Os–Os distances within the cluster chains (299, 303, and 325 pm) imply only little if no bonding between neighbouring osmium atoms. The cluster complex chains are packed in the fashion of a hexagonal closest packing of rods. There are only van der Waals interactions between these chains as the shortest inter‐chain Lu–I distances of 468 pm attest. Electronic structure calculations show mainly Os–Lu and Lu–I bonding, with lesser Lu–Lu and negligible Os–Os contributions. Remarkable is the considerable population of Lu‐5d states close to the Fermi level. Susceptibility measurements show complex magnetic behavior with ferromagnetic coupling in the {Os5Lu20} chains and antiferromagnetic coupling between the chains, which results in geometric frustration. As a consequence, the spin system has a cluster‐glass‐like ground state.
Preparation of Pillar[n]arenes by Cyclooligomerization of 2,5‐Dialkoxybenzyl Alcohols or 2,5‐Dialkoxybenzyl Bromides
Authors: Ma Yingjie , Zhang Zibin , Ji Xiaofan , Han Chengyou , He Jiuming , Abliz Zeper , Chen Weixiang , Huang Feihe 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe facile and efficient preparation of pillar[n]arenes (n = 5 or 6) was achieved by cyclooligomerization of 2,5‐dialkoxybenzyl alcohols or 2,5‐dialkoxybenzyl bromides with an appropriate Lewis acid catalyst at room temperature. The mechanism for this cyclooligomerization is presumed to be a Friedel–Crafts alkylation.
Development of fragility functions as a damage classification/prediction method for steel moment‐resisting frames using a wavelet‐based damage sensitive feature
Authors: Noh Hae Young , Lignos Dimitrios G. , Nair K. Krishnan , Kiremidjian Anne S. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYFragility functions are commonly used in performance‐based earthquake engineering for predicting the damage state of a structure subjected to an earthquake. This process often involves estimating the structural damage as a function of structural response, such as the story drift ratio and the peak floor absolute acceleration. In this paper, a new framework is proposed to develop fragility functions to be used as a damage classification/prediction method for steel structures based on a wavelet‐based damage sensitive feature (DSF). DSFs are often used in structural health monitoring as an indicator of the damage state of the structure, and they are easily estimated from recorded structural responses. The proposed framework for damage classification of steel structures subjected to earthquakes is demonstrated and validated with a set of numerically simulated data for a four‐story steel moment‐resisting frame designed based on current seismic provisions. It is shown that the damage state of the frame is predicted with less variance using the fragility functions derived from the wavelet‐based DSF than it is with fragility functions derived from an alternate acceleration‐based measure, the spectral acceleration at the first mode period of the structure. Therefore, the fragility functions derived from the wavelet‐based DSF can be used as a probabilistic damage classification model in the field of structural health monitoring and an alternative damage prediction model in the field of performance‐based earthquake engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic response of steel frame structures with hybrid passive control systems
Authors: Marshall Justin D. , Charney Finley A. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe concept of the hybrid passive control system is studied analytically by investigating the seismic response of steel frame structures. Hybrid control systems consist of two different passive elements combined into a single device or system. The hybrid systems investigated in this research consist of a rate‐dependent damping device paired with a rate‐independent energy dissipation element. The innovative configurations exploit individual element strengths and offset their weaknesses through multiphased behavior. A nine‐story, five‐bay steel moment‐frame was used for the analysis. Six different seismic resisting systems were analyzed and compared. The conventional systems included a special moment‐resisting frame (SMRF) and a dual SMRF–buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) system. The final four configurations are hybrid passive systems. The different hybrid configurations utilize a BRB and either a high‐damping rubber damper or viscous fluid damper. The analyses were run in the form of an incremental dynamic analysis. Several damage measures were calculated, including maximum roof drift, base shear, and total roof acceleration. The results demonstrate the capability of hybrid passive control systems to improve structural response compared with conventional lateral systems and to be effective for performance‐based seismic design. Each hybrid configuration improved some aspect of structural response with some providing benefits for multiple damage measures. The multiphased nature provides improved response for frequent and severe seismic events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Service Providers' Perceptions of the Strengths and Prospective Improvements in UK Eating Disorder Services: Findings from a Royal College Survey
Authors: Koskina Antonia , Arkell Jamie , Butcher Gerard , Currie Alan , Gowers Simon , Key Adrienne , Millar Harry , Nicholls Dasha , Ringwood Susan , Robinson Paul , Venkatraman Lakshmi , Wurr Kate , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAims and methodsThis study aims to explore perceptions of eating disorder service strengths and to develop a clearer picture of improvements clinicians would like to see occur in the services they lead. A survey designed by the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Section of Eating Disorders was completed by 83 lead clinicians in both public and private sector services in the UK and Eire. Content analysis was performed, and common themes were identified.ResultsFive main strengths of a service were identified as follows: quality of treatment (n = 36), staff skills (n = 21), continuity of care (n = 15), family involvement (n = 12) and accessibility and availability (n = 11). These themes also arose when clinicians evaluated areas they wished to develop and improve.ConclusionsService providers' views were congruent with each other, NICE guidelines and quality standards as proposed by the Royal College. Although clinicians feel that their service fulfils many practice guidelines, there remains areas in which adherence is felt to be lacking. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Frontocingular Dysfunction in Bulimia Nervosa when Confronted with Disease‐specific Stimuli
Authors: Joos Andreas A.B. , Saum Barbara , Zeeck Almut , Perlov Evgeniy , Glauche Volkmar , Hartmann Armin , Freyer Tobias , Sandholz Angelika , Unterbrink Thomas , van Elst Ludger Tebartz , Tüscher Oliver 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveBulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by dysregulation of impulse control, in other words, uncontrolled eating. Functional neuroimaging studies have been sparse and have used variable methodologies.MethodThirteen medication‐free female BN patients and 13 female healthy controls were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging using a disease‐specific food paradigm. Stimuli were rated after the scanning procedure.ResultsBulimia nervosa patients showed increased fear ratings and a trend for increased disgust. Magnetic resonance imaging data of 10 BN patients could be analysed. Three BN patients had to be excluded from the analysis because of minimal blood oxygen level dependent signals. Compared with healthy controls, BN patients showed less activation of the anterior cingulate cortex, which extended into the lateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the right temporal pole showed decreased reactivity.DiscussionThis study substantiates a key role of lateral prefrontal dysfunction in BN, a brain region involved in impulse control. Furthermore, the anterior cingulate cortex, which plays a key role in emotion processing, is dysfunctional. A major limitation of this study is the small sample size. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Nelson–Siegel, Affine and Quadratic Yield Curve Specifications: Which One is Better at Forecasting?
Authors: Nyholm Ken , Vidova‐Koleva Rositsa 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper we compare the in‐sample fit and out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of no‐arbitrage quadratic, essentially affine and dynamic Nelson–Siegel term structure models. In total, 11 model variants are evaluated, comprising five quadratic, four affine and two Nelson–Siegel models. Recursive re‐estimation and out‐of‐sample 1‐, 6‐ and 12‐month‐ahead forecasts are generated and evaluated using monthly US data for yields observed at maturities of 1, 6, 12, 24, 60 and 120 months. Our results indicate that quadratic models provide the best in‐sample fit, while the best out‐of‐sample performance is generated by three‐factor affine models and the dynamic Nelson–Siegel model variants. Statistical tests fail to identify one single best forecasting model class. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term survival of a child with refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma following therapy with an antisense oligonucleotide, topotecan, and vinblastine
Authors: Wrobel Grazyna , Chaber Radosław , Rygier Jolanta , Bonar Jolanta , Muszynska‐Roslan Katarzyna , Chybicka Alicja 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma includes a subset of highly aggressive tumours and has a relapse rate of 30% at 2 years. Relapsed patients often have poor clinical outcome. The use of antisense oligonucleotides to down‐regulate Bcl‐2 protein can reverse chemotherapy resistance. The authors describe an 11‐year‐old boy with recurrent anaplastic large cell lymphoma who had received double high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation, had refractory disease and then had achieved long‐term remission with the use of an antisense oligonucleotides in combination with vinblastine and topotecan. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel agents‐based regimens as induction treatment prior to autologous stem‐cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Lida , Ran Xuehong , Wang Baohong , Sheng Zhixin , Liu Liping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTo investigate the effect of novel agents like bortezomib, lenalidomide and thalidomide as part of induction treatment prior to autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) for previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma, we performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register and the Science Citation Index were searched for RCTs of novel agents as part of induction therapy before ASCT. Three RCTs of bortezomib, two RCTs of thalidomide and no RCT of lenalidomide were identified, covering a total of 2,316 subjects. Due to different mechanisms of action, we performed a subgroup analysis by type of agent (thalidomide or bortezomib). The weighted risk ratios of a complete response (CR) were 4.25 [95% CI: 2.44–7.41] (p < 0.001) for bortezomib and 1.66 [95% CI: 1.15–2.38] (p = 0.007) for thalidomide, respectively. The summary hazard ratios for progression‐free survival (PFS) were 0.73 [95% CI: 0.59–0.89] (p = 0.002) for bortezomib and 0.68 [95% CI: 0.59–0.79] (p < 0.001) for thalidomide, respectively. The corresponding ratios for overall survival (OS) were 0.87 [95% CI: 0.64–1.18] (p = 0.37) and 0.88 [95% CI: 0.73–1.05] (p = 0.14), respectively. Additionally, there was a statistically significant heterogeneity between subgroups (thalidomide and bortezomib) for CR (p = 0.005) but nonsignificant for PFS (p = 0.64) and OS (p = 0.97). In conclusion, our analysis showed novel agents as induction treatment prior to ASCT improved CR and PFS but not OS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow Effects in Supramolecular Chirality
Authors: Arteaga Oriol , Canillas Adolf , Crusats Joaquim , El‐Hachemi Zoubir , Llorens Joan , Sorrenti Alessandro , Ribo Josep M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere are an increasing number of reports on the emergence of circular dichroic signals when solutions of J‐aggregates are vortex‐stirred. Some authors claim that the transfer of chirality from the macroscopic stirring vortex occurs at the level of electronic transitions. Others argue that the signal observed is not due to true circular dichroism (CD), but rather that it is an artifact due to combinations of linear polarization contributions. For both interpretations it is necessary to assume that the alignment by effect of flows dominates over the Brownian dynamics. Therefore, the topic belongs to supramolecular chemistry because the alignment in current flows can only occur for relatively large particles with an appropriate shape. The phenomenon is detected by CD spectroscopy, which itself is also the main hindrance, even controversial, in its study and interpretation. However, modern Mueller matrix polarimetry can solve some of the problems. The phenomenon has been explained using different scenarios; however, in some of the systems the experimental evidence only supports the model in which deformation (folding/torsion) of elastic soft‐matter yields true CD. Here we discuss the role of the gradient of shear rates in the deformation of nano particles of soft matter to give chiral supramolecular structures, as the first step to explaining the phenomenon.
Electric polarization and mechanism of B‐type carbonated apatite ceramics
Authors: Nagai Akiko , Tanaka Kazumasa , Tanaka Yumi , Nakamura Miho , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Yamashita Kimihiro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractB‐type carbonated apatite (CAp) ceramics, nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatites (HAp) with carbonate ions (CO) substituting for phosphate ions, are the major inorganic components of vertebrate bones. Due to the carbonate substitution, CAp is more biodegradable than HAp and has been expected a next generation biomaterial. We have reported the electric polarization of HAp, and induced stored electric charges and electric fields in poling HAp could promote bone healing. Here, we applied electric polarization to CAp and showed the role of substituted CO concentrations in CAp in its electric polarization and polarization mechanisms. We found that the electrical conductivities (σ) and stored charges (Q) of poling CAp dramatically increased with carbonate ion contents. We also found that CAp showed higher activation energy both for conduction and for depolarization than HAp, even though the values of σ and Q are much higher than those of HAp. These results suggested that the substitution of a small amount of CO for PO resulted in a change in the conduction and polarization mechanisms in CAp compared with HAp. Our study showed that the poling CAp has the potential to be a new functional biomaterial with biodegradation and large stored electric charges. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 116–124, 2011.
BV‐2 microglial cells sense micro‐nanotextured silicon surface topology
Authors: Persheyev Saydulla , Fan Yongchang , Irving Andrew , Rose Mervyn J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractArtificial biomimetic substrates provide useful models for studying cell adhesion, signaling, and differentiation. This article describes biological interactions with a new type of tunable, micro‐nanotextured silicon substrate, generated by irradiation of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film with a large beam, excimer laser (248 nm). In this study, we demonstrate that BV‐2 microglial cells can sense differences in laser processed silicon surface topology over the range of 30 nm to 2 μm, where they undergo marked morphogenic changes with increasing feature size. The cells adopt a more elongated shape in the presence of the modified surface structure and exhibit increased levels of actin‐rich microdomains, suggesting enhanced adhesion. The excimer laser modification of hydrogenated amorphous silicon to generate micro‐nanostructures realizes large area benefits as well as providing a biomaterial where the external and internal structure can be altered and tuned for various applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 99A: 135–140, 2011.