bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Client Safety: Strategies to Prevent and Reduce Practice Errors in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Mu Keli , Lohman Helene , Scheirton Linda S. , Cochran Teresa M. , Coppard Brenda M. , Kokesh Stephanie R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This qualitative focus group study investigated the strategies to prevent or reduce practice errors used by occupational therapists who practice in physical rehabilitation and geriatrics.
METHOD. A total of 34 occupational therapists from four geographic regions across the United States participated in four focus groups. Participants worked in the areas of physical rehabilitation or geriatrics and had a minimum of 1 year of practice. Participants responded to open-ended, guiding questions. Data collected from the focus groups were analyzed qualitatively for themes.
RESULTS. Analysis of the collected data yielded four themes related to specific strategies occupational therapists use to prevent or reduce practice errors: (1) strengthen orientation and mentoring for new therapists, (2) ensure competency through performance competency checks, (3) enhance existing or establish new safety policies and procedures, and (4) advocate for the profession and for systemic change.
CONCLUSION. Findings of the study suggest that occupational therapists implement various discrete strategies to prevent or reduce practice errors and improve client safety. Occupational therapy practice and professional training must emphasize the inevitability of practice errors; the importance of orientation and training, including assertiveness training; and the inclusion of performance-based competency checks.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Tailoring Methods of Multimedia-Based Fall Prevention Education for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Schepens Stacey L. , Panzer Victoria , Goldberg Allon 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We attempted to determine whether multimedia fall prevention education using different instructional strategies increases older adults’ knowledge of fall threats and their fall prevention behaviors.
METHOD. Fifty-three community-dwelling older adults were randomized to two educational groups or a control group. Multimedia-based educational interventions to increase fall threats knowledge and encourage fall prevention behaviors had two tailoring strategies: (1) improve content realism for individual learners (authenticity group) and (2) highlight program goals and benefits while using participants’ content selections (motivation group). Knowledge was measured at baseline and 1-mo follow-up. Participants recorded prevention behaviors for 1 mo.
RESULTS. Intervention group participants showed greater knowledge gains and posttest knowledge than did control group participants. The motivation group engaged in more prevention behaviors over 1 mo than did the other groups.
CONCLUSION. Tailoring fall prevention education by addressing authenticity and motivation successfully improved fall threats knowledge. Combining motivational strategies with multimedia education increased the effectiveness of the intervention in encouraging fall prevention behaviors.
Relationship Between Postural Control and Fine Motor Skills in Preterm Infants at 6 and 12 Months Adjusted Age
Authors: Wang Tien-Ni , Howe Tsu-Hsin , Hinojosa Jim , Weinberg Sharon L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We examined the relationship between postural control and fine motor skills of preterm infants at 6 and 12 mo adjusted age. The Alberta Infant Motor Scale was used to measure postural control, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II was used to measure fine motor skills. The data analyzed were taken from 105 medical records from a preterm infant follow-up clinic at an urban academic medical center in south Taiwan. Using multiple regression analyses, we found that the development of postural control is related to the development of fine motor skills, especially in the group of preterm infants with delayed postural control. This finding supports the theoretical assumption of proximal–distal development used by many occupational therapists to guide intervention. Further research is suggested to corroborate findings.
Critical Reasoning Scores of Entering Bachelor’s and Master’s Students in an Occupational Therapy Program
Authors: Mitchell Anita Witt , Xu Yonghong Jade 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We compared the critical reasoning (CR) of four classes of students entering a bachelor of occupational therapy program (n = 88) with the CR of five classes of students entering an entry-level master of occupational therapy program (n = 126) using the Watson–Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) and controlling for grade point average and reading comprehension as measured by the Nelson–Denny Reading Test. A multivariate analysis of covariance revealed a small but statistically significant difference between the groups’ CR scores. The univariate tests indicated that the groups differed with respect to their scores on one WGCTA subscale, Recognition of Assumptions; contrary to expectations, the bachelor’s students scored higher than the master’s students, although the effect size indicated small differences between the groups. Possible explanations for the findings and implications for occupational therapy education are discussed.
GXN: Building Networks for Collaborative Research on Materials in Architecture
Authors: Jørgensen Kasper Guldager 
Published: November 2011

AbstractKasper Guldager Jørgensen, Head of GXN at Danish practice 3XN, explains the vision behind the internal research group that investigates ecological design through digital processes and innovative material solutions. With a developed network of specialists, this relatively small group is able to draw on a much wider field of disciplines in its collaborations, whether it is working on an urban environmental project or contributing to materials studies with manufacturers and educational institutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning From Nature: Omega Center for Sustainable Living
Authors: Lesniewski Laura 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLaura Lesniewski, Principal of BNIM, describes how Elements, an internal division of the US firm focused on sustainable design and research, made an essential contribution to BNIM's new facility for the Omega Institute for Holistic Studies in Rhinebeck, New York. Through the adoption of building information modelling (BIM) and other new tools and analysis techniques, and the optimisations of the three primary flows through the building – energy, air and water – it has realised a new standard in ecological design. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation and the Future of Design Tools for Ecological Research
Authors: Marsh Andrew , Khan Azam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn sustainable terms, the complexity and inefficiencies of buildings present the most challenging environmental problem. Simulation remains the primary tool for the designer to develop intuitions and analysis of performance. As Azam Khan, Head of the Environment & Ergonomics Research Group at Autodesk, and Andrew Marsh, Senior Principal Engineer at Autodesk, explain, simulation can only be improved through the development of three key areas: more detailed modelling, building integration and by becoming indispensable to the design process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BIO SKIN Urban Cooling Facade
Authors: Yamanashi Tomohiko , Hatori Tatsuya , Ishihara Yoshito , Kawashima Norihisa ,   (Nikken Sekkei Ltd), Niwa Katsumi ,   (Nikken Sekkei Research Institute)
Published: November 2011

AbstractNumbering 65, Nikken Sekkei's research group is the size of many substantial practices. Tomohiko Yamanashi, Tatsuya Hatori, Yoshito Ishihara and Norihisa Kawashima at Nikken Sekkei Ltd and Katsumi Niwa at the Nikken Sekkei Research Institute (NSRI) describe the unique collaborative processes that make the NSRI's contribution essential to any Nikken projects requiring the development of cutting‐edge technology or urban planning proposals. Here, they detail the development of BIO SKIN, an innovative facade system developed for the Sony Research and Development Center in Tokyo, which addresses the urban heat island effect, one of the main environmental research areas of the NSRI. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10 Design: Beyond Neutrality
Authors: Givens Ted 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe very term ‘sustainable design’ implies an aspiration to retain the status quo. What, however, if buildings could have a more proactive effect? Air quality is generally regarded as an environmental problem that has to be tackled by municipal agencies at the urban scale, which architectural design can have little or no impact on. Here Ted Givens of 10 Design, a newly established practice in Hong Kong, describes the Indigo Tower, a project undertaken with researchers at Hong Kong University, which explores the way that a building can enhance the wider air quality of its environment through bio‐purification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic‐Scale Imaging and Quantification of Electrical Polarisation in Incommensurate Antiferroelectric Lanthanum‐Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate
Authors: MacLaren Ian , Villaurrutia Rafael , Schaffer Bernhard , Houben Lothar , Peláiz‐Barranco Aimé 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLanthanum doping of zirconium rich lead zirconate titanate gives rise to incommensurate, long‐period antiferroelectric structures. The structure of two stacking sequences in this incommensurate phase is determined using quantitative analysis of high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images, with the lead atom positions located with an exceptional precision of about 6 pm. This allows the estimation of local polarisation variations across the stacking units, and the polarisation varies in an approximately sinusoidal fashion along the stacking direction. The measured peak Pb atom displacements of about 28 pm and peak polarisation values of about 60 μC cm−2 match extremely well to reported values for the commensurate antiferroelectric PbZrO3 phase.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers: A systematic review
Authors: Osborne Aoife , Blake Catherine , Fullen Brona M. , Meredith David , Phelan James , McNamara John , Cunningham Caitriona 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among farmers and to establish the most common regional MSDs reported.MethodsComprehensive electronic searches of Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Agris Database, and Cochrane Library were carried out using keywords for MSDs and farmers. Pooled estimates of prevalence with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for overall MSD prevalence and the most common regional MSDs reported.ResultsTwenty‐four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this review. From these studies, life‐time prevalence of any form of MSD among farmers was 90.6% while 1‐year MSD prevalence was 76.9% (95% CI 69.8–82.7). The majority of studies focused on spinal MSDs with low back pain (LBP) the most frequently investigated. Life‐time LBP prevalence was 75% (95% CI 67–81.5) while 1‐year LBP prevalence was 47.8% (95% CI 40.2–55.5). The next most common regional MSDs reported were upper (range 3.6–71.4%) and lower extremities (range 10.4–41%).ConclusionsThe systematic review identified the prevalence of MSDs by body region in farmers and established that LBP was the most common MSD, followed by upper and then lower extremity MSDs. Reported trends suggest that the prevalence of MSDs in farmers is greater than in non‐farmer populations. Case‐definition uniformity among MSD researchers is warranted. More studies are needed regarding upper and lower extremity MSDs, gender, workplace, and task context of MSDs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:143–158, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering with N‐Acyl functionalized ManNAc analogs: Cytotoxicity, metabolic flux, and glycan‐display considerations
Authors: Almaraz Ruben T. , Aich Udayanath , Khanna Hargun S. , Tan Elaine , Bhattacharya Rahul , Shah Shivam , Yarema Kevin J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMetabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a maturing technology capable of modifying cell surface sugars in living cells and animals through the biosynthetic installation of non‐natural monosaccharides into the glycocalyx. A particularly robust area of investigation involves the incorporation of azide functional groups onto the cell surface, which can then be further derivatized using “click chemistry.” While considerable effort has gone into optimizing the reagents used for the azide ligation reactions, less optimization of the monosaccharide analogs used in the preceding metabolic incorporation steps has been done. This study fills this void by reporting novel butanoylated ManNAc analogs that are used by cells with greater efficiency and less cytotoxicity than the current “gold standard,” which are peracetylated compounds such as Ac4ManNAz. In particular, tributanoylated, N‐acetyl, N‐azido, and N‐levulinoyl ManNAc analogs with the high flux 1,3,4‐O‐hydroxyl pattern of butanoylation were compared with their counterparts having the pro‐apoptotic 3,4,6‐O‐butanoylation pattern. The results reveal that the ketone‐bearing N‐levulinoyl analog 3,4,6‐O‐Bu3ManNLev is highly apoptotic, and thus is a promising anti‐cancer drug candidate. By contrast, the azide‐bearing analog 1,3,4‐O‐Bu3ManNAz effectively labeled cellular sialoglycans at concentrations ∼3‐ to 5‐fold lower (e.g., at 12.5–25 µM) than Ac4ManNAz (50–150 µM) and exhibited no indications of apoptosis even at concentrations up to 400 µM. In summary, this work extends emerging structure activity relationships that predict the effects of short chain fatty acid modified monosaccharides on mammalian cells and also provides a tangible advance in efforts to make MOE a practical technology for the medical and biotechnology communities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:992–1006. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Degradation of reactive dyes in a photocatalytic circulating‐bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Li Guozheng , Park Seongjun , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDecolorization and mineralization of reactive dyes by intimately coupled TiO2‐photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) on a novel TiO2‐coated biofilm carrier were investigated in a photocatalytic circulating‐bed biofilm reactor (PCBBR). Two typical reactive dyes—Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 86 (RY86)—showed similar first‐order kinetics when being photocatalytically decolorized at low pH (∼4–5) in batch experiments. Photocatalytic decolorization was inhibited at neutral pH in the presence of phosphate or carbonate buffer, presumably due to electrostatic repulsion from negatively charged surface sites on TiO2, radical scavenging by phosphate or carbonate, or both. Therefore, continuous PCBBR experiments were carried out at a low pH (∼4.5) to maintain high photocatalytic efficiency. In the PCBBR, photocatalysis alone with TiO2‐coated carriers could remove target compound RB5 and COD by 97% and 47%, respectively. Addition of biofilm inside macroporous carriers maintained a similar RB5 removal efficiency, but COD removal increased to 65%, which is evidence of ICPB despite the low pH. ICPB was further proven by finding microorganisms inside carriers at the end of the PCBBR experiments. A proposed ICPB pathway for RB5 suggests that a major intermediate, a naphthol derivative, was responsible for most of the residual COD, while most of the nitrogen in the azo‐bonds (NN) was oxidized to N2. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:884–893. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early prediction of instability of chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing recombinant antibodies and antibody‐fusion proteins
Authors: Dorai Haimanti , Corisdeo Susanne , Ellis Dawn , Kinney Cherylann , Chomo Matt , Hawley‐Nelson Pam , Moore Gordon , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Ganguly Subinay 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOne of the most important criteria for the successful manufacture of a therapeutic protein (e.g., an antibody) is to develop a mammalian cell line that maintains stability of production. Problems with process yield, lack of effective use of costly resources, and a possible delay in obtaining regulatory approval of the product may ensue otherwise. Therefore the stability of expression in a number of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) derived production cell lines that were isolated using the glutamine synthetase (GS) selection system was investigated by defining a culture as unstable if the titer (which is a measure of productivity) of a cell line expressing an antibody or antibody‐fusion protein declined by 20–30% or more as it underwent 55 population doublings. Using this criterion, a significant proportion of the GS‐selected CHO production cell lines were observed to be unstable. Reduced antibody titers correlated with the gradual appearance of a secondary, less productive population of cells as detected with flow cytometric analysis of intracellular antibody content. Where tested, it was observed that the secondary population arose spontaneously from the parental population following multiple passages, which suggested inherent clonal instability. Moreover, the frequency of unstable clones decreased significantly if the host cell line from which the candidate production cell lines were derived was apoptotic‐resistant. This data suggested that unstable cell lines were more prone to apoptosis, which was confirmed by the fact that unstable cell lines had higher levels of Annexin V and caspase 3 activities. This knowledge has been used to develop screening protocols that identify unstable CHO production cell lines at an early stage of the cell line development process, potentially reducing the cost of biotherapeutic development. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1016–1030. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Synthetic Nickel Electrocatalyst with a Turnover Frequency above 100 000 s−1 for H2 Production
Authors: Bianchini Claudio , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe break‐through article “A Synthetic Nickel Electrocatalyst with a Turnover Frequency Above 100 000 s−1 for H2 Production” by Monte L. Helm et al. (Science 2011, 333, 863) presents results of great interest in the field of hydrogen production, in view of a fantastic turnover frequency obtained by an elegant catalyst design, inspired by nature, and the use of a largely available and cheap metal.
Supramolecular Hybrid of Metal Nanoparticles and Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Wrapped by a Fluorene–Carbazole Copolymer
Authors: Ozawa Hiroaki , Ide Natsuko , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko , Niidome Yasuro , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe first approach for the preparation of metal nanoparticle/semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) hybrids with specified chirality is described. For this purpose, a copolymer of a fluorene derivative with two long‐chain alkyl substituents and a carbazole derivative carrying a thiol group was used. The copolymer was found to selectively dissolve (7,6)‐ and (8,7)SWNTs, as determined by UV/Vis/NIR absorption and Raman spectroscopy and 2D photoluminescence mapping. Gold and silver nanoparticles with diameters of about 3.8 and about 3.2 nm, respectively, were readily attached along the SWNTs by means of coordination bonds between the nanoparticles and the thiol moieties on the copolymer, as revealed by atomic force and electron microscopy studies. The study provides a novel way to design and fabricate metal nanoparticle/semiconducting SWNT hybrids with specific nanotube chirality.
Solid‐State Photochromism of Chromenes: Enhanced Photocoloration and Observation of Unstable Colored Species at Low Temperatures
Authors: Harada Jun , Ueki Keigo , Anada Masahide , Kawazoe Yuta , Ogawa Keiichiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSolid‐state photochromism of benzopyrans and naphthopyrans (chromenes) was investigated in the temperature range between 300 and 80 K. Variable‐temperature diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of microcrystalline powders showed that the extent of photocoloration was greatly enhanced at low temperatures. All the chromenes examined exhibited solid‐state photochromism at low temperatures, even when they showed little or no photocoloration at room temperature. The solid‐state photochromic properties of the chromenes were quite similar to those reported for analogous photochromic compounds of spiropyrans and spirooxazines, which indicates that these classes of compounds are generally photochromic even in the solid state. Photobleaching reactions of the colored merocyanine forms proceeded at low temperatures through the formation of a colorless intermediate, instead of directly resuming the original closed form. In addition to two stable planar merocyanine forms, which are usually observed in the photochromic reactions in solution, photoreactions at low temperatures allowed us to observe unstable colored species, which were tentatively assigned as nonplanar cisoid forms, and were stabilized in the solid state at low temperatures.
Increased β‐catenin activity in the anterior neural plate induces ectopic mid‐hindbrain characteristics
Authors: Paek Hunki , Antoine Michelle W. , Diaz Frank , Hébert Jean M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: The early telencephalon shares molecular features with the early mid‐hindbrain region. In particular, these two developing brain areas each have a signaling center that secretes FGFs and an adjacent one that secretes WNTs. WNTs and FGFs each play essential roles in regulating cell fates in both the telencephalon and mid‐hindbrain. Despite this similarity, telencephalic and mid‐hindbrain precursors express distinct genes and ultimately generate different cell types, tissue morphologies, and neural functions. Results: Here we show that genetically increasing the level of β‐catenin, a mediator of canonical WNT signaling, in the anterior neural plate causes a loss of telencephalic characteristics and a gain of mid‐hindbrain characteristics. Conclusion: These results, together with previous ones demonstrating that increased WNT signaling in the anterior neural plate increases FGF expression, suggest that the levels of WNT and FGF signaling regulate telencephalic versus mid‐hindbrain fates. Developmental Dynamics 241:242–246, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regioselective Synthesis of Dimethylamino‐ or Arylalkylamino‐‘‘Crowned” Tröger's Base Analogues Under Vilsmeier–Haack Conditions
Authors: Reddy Manda Bhaskar , Manjula Alla , Rao Bommena Vittal , Sridhar Balasubramanian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUnder typical Vilsmeier–Haack conditions, Tröger's base undergoes regioselective dimethylamino or arylalkylamino substitution on the methano bridge of the dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine system, revealing a hitherto unknown reactivity pattern. The regioselectivity of the reaction was established by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The key feature of this reaction is its generality; it is compatible with different substitution patterns on the Tröger's base and can be performed with DMF as well as with other formamides. The wide scope of the reaction has been applied in the synthesis of several uncommon Tröger's base analogues.