bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW APPROACH TO CALCULATE EXTREME STORM SURGES
Authors: Gönnert Gabriele , Sossidi Kristina 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTClimate change and its consequences, for example for sea level, will have serious effects on the safety of people and economic assets in coastal areas. The uncertainties inherent in climate change necessitate new concepts of coastal protection and risk management. In the project Xtrem Risk, the ‘source pathway receptor’ concept will be used as a basis for risk analysis and the development of new strategies.The objective of this paper is to determine relevant extreme events. The paper will give an overview of findings from the analyses which were conducted and the method which was developed for calculating extreme storm surge events at different tidal gauges. These extreme scenarios are necessary for risk analyses and can also be used for design levels.Here a deterministic method will be used which takes the physics of storm surges into account. The most relevant contributions to a storm surge are spring tide, wind surge and sometimes an external surge that enters the North Sea from the Atlantic. With the method that has been developed, these three components will be analysed and their development and non‐linear interaction over the last 100 years will be assessed. Since the storm surge curve is necessary for analysis, the curve and its components are also analyzed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological studies on plant proteins: a review
Authors: Wu Wenbiao , Sun Rong 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTNowadays, toxicological studies are contributing to human health more than ever. Reports on the toxicological studies of plant proteins, which are continuously growing in number in the literature, have been reviewed. Two important aspects are discussed: dietary safety evaluation, including toxicity tests and the maximum daily intake allowance, and the appropriate proportion in our daily diets of proteins from traditional foods and of new proteins from plant sources not traditionally employed as foods. Water hyacinth leaf proteins, sweet lupin proteins and canola proteins have not been shown to be toxic, although they are not traditionally employed as food proteins. These findings are very important for exploiting valuable new protein sources that are suitable for human or animal consumption and applicable to the food industry. Acutely toxic proteins, including lectins, ribosome‐inactivating proteins, inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes and glycohydro‐lases, have been isolated from plant materials and identified. Their toxicities and molecular characteristics have been described. The toxicity of proteins depends upon their specific native structures. Once they are denatured by appropriate treatment, such as heating, their toxicity can be reduced or even eliminated. These findings indicate that raw materials that contain this kind of toxic protein are not edible. However, after proper processing, they may be suitable for human or animal consumption. Although the toxicities of type 2 ribosome‐inactivating proteins reported by different authors vary, the maximum dosages are still trace amounts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heritability of prevalent vertebral fracture and volumetric bone mineral density and geometry at the lumbar spine in three generations of the framingham study
Authors: Liu Ching-Ti , Karasik David , Zhou Yanhua , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Genant Harry K , Broe Kerry E , Lang Thomas F , Samelson Elizabeth J , Demissie Serkalem , Bouxsein Mary L , Cupples L Adrienne , Kiel Douglas P 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Genetic factors likely contribute to the risk for vertebral fractures; however, there are few studies on the genetic contributions to vertebral fracture (VFrx), vertebral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and geometry. Also, the heritability (h2) for VFrx and its genetic correlation with phenotypes contributing to VFrx risk have not been established. This study aims to estimate the h2 of vertebral fracture, vBMD, and cross-sectional area (CSA) derived from quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans and to estimate the extent to which they share common genetic association in adults of European ancestry from three generations of Framingham Heart Study (FHS) families. Members of the FHS families were assessed for VFrx by lateral radiographs or QCT lateral scout views at 13 vertebral levels (T4 to L4) using Genant's semiquantitative (SQ) scale (grades 0 to 3). Vertebral fracture was defined as having at least 25% reduction in height of any vertebra. We also analyzed QCT scans at the L3 level for integral (In.BMD) and trabecular (Tb.BMD) vBMD and CSA. Heritability estimates were calculated, and bivariate genetic correlation analysis was performed, adjusting for various covariates. For VFrx, we analyzed 4099 individuals (148 VFrx cases) including 2082 women and 2017 men from three generations. Estimates of crude and multivariable-adjusted h2 were 0.43 to 0.69 (p &lt; 1.1 × 10−2). A total of 3333 individuals including 1737 men and 1596 women from two generations had VFrx status and QCT-derived vBMD and CSA information. Estimates of crude and multivariable-adjusted h2 for vBMD and CSA ranged from 0.27 to 0.51. In a bivariate analysis, there was a moderate genetic correlation between VFrx and multivariable-adjusted In.BMD (−0.22) and Tb.BMD (−0.29). Our study suggests vertebral fracture, vertebral vBMD, and CSA in adults of European ancestry are heritable, underscoring the importance of further work to identify the specific variants underlying genetic susceptibility to vertebral fracture, bone density, and geometry. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessment of free energy predictors for ligand binding to a methyllysine histone code reader
Authors: Gao Cen , Herold J. Martin , Kireev Dmitri 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMethyllysine histone code readers constitute a new promising group of potential drug targets. For instance, L3MBTL1, a malignant brain tumor (MBT) protein, selectively binds mono‐ and di‐methyllysine epigenetic marks (KMe, KMe2) that eventually results in the negative regulation of multiple genes through the E2F/Rb oncogenic pathway. There is a pressing need in potent and selective small‐molecule probes that would enable further target validation and might become therapeutic leads. Such an endeavor would require efficient tools to assess the free energy of protein–ligand binding. However, due to an unparalleled function of the MBT binding pocket (i.e., selective binding to KMe/KMe2) and because of its distinctive structure representing a small aromatic “cage,” an accurate assessment of its binding affinity to a ligand appears to be a challenging task. Here, we report a comparative analysis of computationally affordable affinity predictors applied to a set of seven small‐molecule ligands interacting with L3MBTL1. The analysis deals with novel ligands and targets, but applies widespread computational approaches and intuitive comparison metrics that makes this study compatible with and incremental to earlier large scale accounts on the efficiency of affinity predictors. Ultimately, this study has revealed three top performers, far ahead of the other techniques, including two scoring functions, PMF04 and PLP, along with a simulation‐based method MM‐PB/SA. We discuss why some methods may perform better than others on this target class, the limits of their application, as well as how the efficiency of the most CPU‐demanding techniques could be optimized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
NBS‐Promoted Rearrangement of 1,1‐Diarylmethylenecyclopentane
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lin Chung‐Han 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe 1‐aroyl‐1‐aryl‐2‐bromocyclopentanes 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d (Ar = C6H5, 2‐FC6H4, 3‐FC6H4, 4‐FC6H4) were prepared from N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS)‐promoted rearrangement of 1,1‐diarylmethylenecyclopentane 2. The possible mechanism was proposed. Two 1‐phenyl‐cyclopentane carbamides 5a and 5b with the anti‐influenza effect were also accomplished from compound 3a.
Preparation of Cr‐doped TiO2/SiO2 Photocatalysts and their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Chen Rufen , Liu Huating 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCr‐doped TiO2/SiO2 nanostructured materials were prepared employing a layer‐by‐layer assemblym technique. TiO2 colloids were synthesized by a sol‐gel method using TiCl4 as a precursor. The experimental results showed that sphere‐type TiO2 particles on SiO2 exhibited uniform shape and a narrow size distribution. The amount of Ti (wt %) increased as a function of the number of the coating layers. The coatingv layers was composed of anatase titania nanocrystals at 550 °C. The onset of band‐gap transition for Crdoped TiO2/SiO2 showed a red shift compared with that for the undoped TiO2/SiO2. And the photocatalytic activity of Cr‐doped TiO2/SiO2 was higher than that of undoped sample.
Efficient synthesis of flupirtine analogues derived from pyrimidine
Authors: Hansen Finn K. , Geffken Detlef 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of novel N2‐substituted 5‐alkoxycarbonylamino‐2,4‐diaminopyrimidines, 5‐acylamino‐2,4‐diaminopyrimidines, and 2,4‐diamino‐5‐ureidopyrimidines as analogues of the analgesic flupirtine is described. J. Heterocyclic Chem.,, (2012).
An Exploratory Study of the Propensity for South Koreans to take Cruises: Investigating Koreans' Perceptions of Cruise Ship Travel
Authors: Hur Yoonkyung (Katie) , Adler Howard 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to examine Koreans' perceptions of cruise ship travel to ascertain the potential for future development of that tourism segment. An understanding of Koreans' perceptions is essential for determining the potential of the Korean cruise market. Using survey data, the study investigated Koreans' knowledge level, willingness and desired travel patterns regarding cruise ship travel. Findings from the study can assist practitioners to enhance their comprehension of Koreans' perceptions and behaviors concerning cruise ship travel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of fatigue crack growth under consideration of cyclic plasticity
Authors: Zerres P. , Döring R. , Vormwald M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper a procedure to simulate the crack growth under consideration of elastic‐plastic material behavior by means of the finite element method is described. Within this procedure, after each increment of crack advance, the structure is remeshed and the status variables, such as the components of the backstress‐tensor and the plastic strains, are transferred from the old mesh to the new one. Due to mapping of the variables, improper conditions are possibly prevailing at the beginning of the new analysis, which has to be captured by the used material routine. The main focus of this paper is to describe these necessary numerical adjustments.
Design review of a freight railway axle: fatigue damage versus damage tolerance
Authors: Beretta S. , Carboni M. , Cervello S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRailway axles are designed for an infinite life with admissible stress levels which correspond to generous safety factors applied to full‐scale fatigue properties of materials. Nevertheless, in order to keep an adequate safety level for such a long‐lasting component (an axle can typically run for 3×106 km) subjected to surface deterioration or corrosion, the design is complemented by “damage tolerance” analyses, in which it is assumed that a flaw could grow under service loads, in order to define an appropriate inspection plan. The ultimate “damage tolerance” approach is to design an axle so that there is no need for periodic NDT inspections except those carried out at overhauls (the so called “one million miles axle”). The aim of this paper is to describe the application of this concept to the axle of a freight train comparing this new design concept with the traditional fatigue design.
Constructing self‐modeling videos: Procedures and technology
Authors: Collier‐Meek Melissa A. , Fallon Lindsay M. , Johnson Austin H. , Sanetti Lisa M. H. , Delcampo Marisa A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough widely recommended, evidence‐based interventions are not regularly utilized by school practitioners. Video self‐modeling is an effective and efficient evidence‐based intervention for a variety of student problem behaviors. However, like many other evidence‐based interventions, it is not frequently used in schools. As video creation technology becomes increasingly accessible, school psychologists are better able to incorporate video self‐modeling into their practice. Built on a comprehensive review, this article describes the procedures for implementing a video self‐modeling intervention in educational settings. Video self‐modeling procedures described herein include (a) deciding whether video self‐modeling is an appropriate intervention for a situation, (b) planning for and preparing video self‐modeling procedures, (c) videotaping, (d) editing the video, (e) presenting the video, and (f) using video self‐modeling with other behavioral techniques. Additionally, further resources are offered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of self‐modeling to externalizing and internalizing disorders
Authors: Madaus Melissa Root , Ruberto Laura M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe self‐modeling intervention has been studied for more than 40 years, most often through single‐subject research design. This article evaluates the use of the intervention with behaviors associated with both externalizing and internalizing disorders. It compares and summarizes the use of the self‐modeling intervention with behaviors such as: disruptive classroom and social‐setting behaviors. Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder‐associated behaviors, anxiety, depression, fear, and self‐efficacy. Behaviors associated with disorders such as stuttering, selective mutism, and autism are not included in this review as they are covered more in‐depth in other articles contained within this special issue. In general, the self‐modeling intervention is supported for use in a variety of behaviors associated with both internalizing and externalizing disorders. Practitioners are advised to use the methods outlined in this article as support for incorporating the self‐modeling intervention for school‐aged children with both internalizing and externalizing disorders. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic‐structure calculations of large cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles
Authors: Frenzel Johannes , Joswig Jan‐Ole 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we will review our studies of large cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles and present some new results on cadmium telluride systems. All calculations have been performed using density‐functional based methods. The studies deal with the structural properties of saturated and unsaturated nanoparticles where the surfactants generally are hydrogen atoms or thiol groups. We have focused on the investigation of the density of states, the Mulliken charges, the eigenvalue spectra, and the spatial distributions of the frontier orbitals. Optical excitation spectra of pure CdS and CdSe/CdS core–shell systems have been calculated using a linear‐response formalism. The reviewed studies are compared to the state of the art of modeling large cadmium chalcogenide particles.magnified image
Optical excitations in large saturated cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles with several thousand atoms.
Simulated coating of carbon nanotube networks by a beam of carbon atoms
Authors: Kaukonen Markus , Nieminen Risto 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have carried out MD simulations for coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a beam of energetic carbon atoms. At low energies Ebeam < 10 eV the sp2 network remains nearly intact and CNTs grow in diameter. The growth is not uniform but the deposited atoms tend to cluster (see figure). At intermediate energies (Ebeam = 10 and 20 eV) knock‐out events start to occur and carbon chains are observed. At the highest energy (40 eV) top and bottom surfaces of CNTs with respect to the beam are damaged (but not the sides) leading to graphitization and amorphization.magnified image
The deposited atoms tend to cluster. This is because addition of an atom is energetically easier near an existing defect and because desorption probability is lower near existing defects.
Excitonic absorption on AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice solar cells
Authors: Nishinaga Jiro , Kawaharazuka Atsushi , Onomitsu Koji , Ploog Klaus H. , Horikoshi Yoshiji 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe absorption characteristics of the solar cells with AlGaAs/GaAs superlattice active regions are investigated by external quantum efficiency measurements. The quantum efficiency spectra of the solar cells are well explained by the numerical analysis taking into account the excitonic effect on the photo‐absorption. Excitonic absorption shows a strong and sharp peak at the absorption edge, and the excitonic effect also enhances the absorption in the energy region above the bandgap. The experimental quantum efficiencies well correspond to the calculated absorption spectra, and these results clearly indicate that the absorption is increased by excitons even at room temperature. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Field‐oriented developments for LineScout Technology and its deployment on large water crossing transmission lines
Authors: Pouliot Nicolas , Montambault Serge 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCondition assessments for power transmission line infrastructure and conductors are essential to maintain a reliable and efficient system. LineScout is a high‐performance robot designed to undertake detailed, comprehensive inspections of transmission lines, which contributes to maintaining the integrity of equipment and the safety of inspection crews. This paper outlines Hydro‐Québec's LineScout Technology, describing briefly the main systems and key design issues and discussing the technology's impact and benefits on power transmission line inspection and maintenance practices. The paper then focuses on field results gathered over the past 2 years with LineScout Technology. Very important lessons were learned from more than 20 field deployments of the robot on live transmission lines. An appreciable amount of significant feedback came from these field visits and was decisive in improving the technology. Specifically, transportation and installation methods and onboard energy management strategy are presented. Also discussed, for the first time, is a simplified wheel contact radius estimate, useful for improving the wheel odometer readings. Finally, one field deployment on a large water crossing transmission line is presented in detail. The paper discusses the importance of the work done and of newly implemented features in terms of the quality and efficiency of inspections, the reliability of systems, and the safe operation of the technology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bridge‐transported bilateral master–slave servo manipulator system for remote manipulation in spent nuclear fuel processing plant
Authors: Lee Jong Kwang , Lee Hyo Jik , Park Byung Suk , Kim Kiho 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA bridge‐transported bilateral master–slave servo manipulator system called the Bridge‐Transported Dual‐Arm Servo‐Manipulator (BDSM) was developed for remote manipulation at the Pyroprocess Integrated Inactive Demonstration (PRIDE) facility. Its many innovative design concepts include a motion‐decoupled, cable‐drive mechanism, fully counterbalanced linkage structure, and interface system for easy attachment/detachment of the arms during remote maintenance. In addition, the manipulator is mounted at the end of a novel redundant‐drive extensible telescopic boom with a synchronized compact cabling management system. The BDSM is currently installed in the Remote Handling Evaluation Mock‐up (RHEM), where it has successfully completed operating tests with a remote control system incorporating a bilateral force‐reflection controller. Good tracking performance was confirmed regardless of the payload, allowing highly transparent control. The system is thus expected to achieve its design goals in dexterous remote handling tasks in PRIDE. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐reach articulated robots for inspection and mini‐invasive interventions in hazardous environments: Recent robotics research, qualification testing, and tool developments
Authors: Perrot Yann , Gargiulo Laurent , Houry Michael , Kammerer Nolwenn , Keller Delphine , Measson Yvan , Piolain Gérard , Verney Alexandre 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Interactive Robotics Laboratory of CEA LIST is in charge of the development of remote handling technologies to meet energy industry requirements. This paper reports the research and development activities in advanced robotics systems for inspection or light intervention in hazardous environments with limited access such as blind hot cells in the nuclear industry or the thermonuclear experimental Tokamak fusion reactor. A long‐reach carrier robot called the articulated inspection arm (AIA) and diagnostics and tools for inspection or intervention are described. Finally experimental field tests are presented and actual challenges in modeling the robot's flexibilities are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward automated power line corridor monitoring using advanced aircraft control and multisource feature fusion
Authors: Li Zhengrong , Bruggemann Troy S. , Ford Jason J. , Mejias Luis , Liu Yuee 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe conventional manual power line corridor inspection processes that are used by most energy utilities are labor intensive, time consuming, and expensive. Remote sensing technologies represent an attractive and cost‐effective alternative approach to these monitoring activities. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into automated remote sensing–based power line corridor monitoring, focusing on recent innovations in the area of increased automation of fixed‐wing platforms for aerial data collection and automated data processing for object recognition using a feature fusion process. Airborne automation is achieved by using a novel approach that provides improved lateral control for tracking corridors and automatic real‐time dynamic turning for flying between corridor segments; we call this approach PTAGS (Power line Tracking Automatic Guidance System). Improved object recognition is achieved by fusing information from multisensor (LiDAR and imagery) data and multiple visual feature descriptors (color and texture). The results from our experiments and field survey illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed aircraft control and feature fusion approaches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.