bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of recurrence after surgery for chronic radiation enteritis
Authors: Lefevre J H , Amiot A , Joly F , Bretagnol F , Panis Y 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Approximately one-third of patients with chronic radiation enteritis (CRE) require surgery, which is associated with a high morbidity rate and a high risk of reoperation. The aim of this study was to report outcome after surgery for CRE.

Methods
Patients with CRE who underwent operation with extensive small bowel resection between 1980 and 2009 were included in the study. Postoperative morbidity and mortality, reoperation for recurrent enteritis and risk factors for reoperation were analysed.

Results
Of 107 patients (94 women; 87·8 per cent) with CRE included in the study, the main indication for surgery was symptomatic stricture (82 patients; 76·6 per cent). Forty-nine ileocaecal resections (45·8 per cent) were performed. Overall and surgical morbidity rates were 74·8 per cent (80 patients) and 28·0 per cent (30) respectively. Fourteen patients (13·1 per cent) underwent reoperation for complications. Reoperation rates for CRE at 1 and 3 years of follow-up were 37 and 54 per cent respectively. Risk factors for reoperation for recurrent enteritis were: emergency surgery (odds ratio (OR) 2·72, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·57 to 4·86), anastomotic leakage (OR 2·53, 1·54 to 4·42) and male sex (OR 3·57, 1·82 to 7·29). The only protective factor for reoperation was ileocaecal resection during the first surgical procedure (OR 4·48, 2·52 to 8·31).

Conclusion
Ileocaecal resection was the only factor that protected against reoperation for recurrent CRE, demonstrating the importance of resecting all damaged tissue in these patients. These results suggest that there is little place for intestinal bypass surgery or adhesiolysis.
Evidence-based management of postoperative pain in adults undergoing open inguinal hernia surgery
Authors: Joshi G P , Rawal N , Kehlet H 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Open inguinal hernia repair is associated with moderate postoperative pain, but optimal analgesia remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature on the management of pain after open hernia surgery.

Methods
Randomized studies, in English, published between January 1966 and March 2009, assessing analgesic and anaesthetic interventions in adult open hernia surgery, and reporting pain scores, were retrieved from the Embase and MEDLINE databases. In addition to published evidence, clinical practice was taken into account to ensure that the recommendations had clinical validity.

Results
Of the 334 randomized studies identified, 79 were included. Quantitative analysis suggested that regional anaesthesia was superior to general anaesthesia for reducing postoperative pain. Spinal anaesthesia was associated with a higher incidence of urinary retention and increased time to home-readiness compared with regional anaesthesia.

Conclusion
Field block with, or without wound infiltration, either as a sole anaesthetic/analgesic technique or as an adjunct to general anaesthesia, is recommended to reduce postoperative pain. Continuous local anaesthetic infusion of a surgical wound provides a longer duration of analgesia. Conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or cyclo-oxygenase 2-selective inhibitors in combination with paracetamol, administered in time to provide sufficient analgesia in the early recovery phase, are optimal. In addition, weak opioids are recommended for moderate pain, and strong opioids for severe pain, on request.
Late results of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis and facial blushing
Authors: Smidfelt K , Drott C 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to clarify the long-term effects, side-effects and overall satisfaction rates of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis and facial blushing.

Methods
Some 3015 patients had bilateral ETS from 1989 to 1998. A questionnaire follow-up was used. Some of the patients had participated in a previous follow-up study, and the answers in both surveys were compared.

Results
A total of 1700 patients responded (56·4 per cent); mean(s.d.) follow-up was 14·6(2·4) years. The best result was achieved for palmar hyperhidrosis (95·6 per cent) compared with axillary hyperhidrosis (68·9 per cent), facial hyperhidrosis (83 per cent) and facial blushing (72·8 per cent) (P &lt; 0·001). Compensatory sweating, the main side-effect, was present in 80·0 per cent. Some 6·5 per cent were dissatisfied and 13·5 per cent regretted having the procedure. Patients with palmar hyperhidrosis were more satisfied (86·6 per cent) than those with axillary hyperhidrosis (66·0 per cent), facial hyperhidrosis (74 per cent) or facial blushing (73·5 per cent) (P &lt; 0·001). Women were more satisfied than men (85·4 versus 71·4 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). The procedure regret rate rose from 7·8 per cent in the first survey to 13·5 per cent in the present one.

Conclusion
ETS had an excellent and lasting effect on palmar hyperhidrosis. The effect on facial and axillary hyperhidrosis and facial blushing was less rewarding. The procedure regret rate increased over time.
First-year results of a national abdominal aortic aneurysm screening programme in a single centre
Authors: Conway A M , Malkawi A H , Hinchliffe R J , Holt P J , Murray S , Thompson M M , Loftus I M 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The UK Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) demonstrated reduced mortality from screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). As a result, the National Health Service AAA Screening Programme was introduced in England. This study reports the results from an early-implementation screening centre.

Methods
Men aged 65 years were invited to attend an ultrasound assessment. Data were analysed for 15 months from the onset of the screening programme.

Results
A total of 6091 men aged 65 years were invited between April 2009 and June 2010, of whom 2037 (33·4 per cent) failed to attend. There were 162 self-referrals (median age 71·3 years) so that 4216 men were screened. Of those scanned, 4146 (98·3 per cent) had an aortic diameter of less than 3·0 cm, 65 (1·5 per cent) had an aneurysm measuring 3·0–5·4 cm, and five (0·1 per cent) had an aneurysm with a diameter of 5·5 cm and above. The presence of an aneurysm was more common in those who self-referred than in the invited group (P &lt; 0·001). All 70 screen-detected aneurysms were found in white men.

Conclusion
The prevalence of AAA was lower than expected. This reflects the younger age of this cohort compared with those in published large multicentre studies and the diverse ethnic background of the local population. Copyright © 2011 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White matter maturation of normal human fetal brain. An in vivo diffusion tensor tractography study
Authors: Zanin Emilie , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Confort‐Gouny Sylviane , Guye Maxime , Denis Daniele , Cozzone Patrick J. , Girard Nadine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate for the first time the ability to determine in vivo and in utero the transitions between the main stages of white matter (WM) maturation in normal human fetuses using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. Biophysical characteristics of water motion are used as an indirect probe to evaluate progression of the tissue matrix organization in cortico‐spinal tracts (CSTs), optic radiations (OR), and corpus callosum (CC) in 17 normal human fetuses explored between 23 and 38 weeks of gestation (GW) and selected strictly on minimal motion artifacts. Nonlinear polynomial (third order) curve fittings of normalized longitudinal and radial water diffusivities (Z‐scores) as a function of age identify three different phases of maturation with specific dynamics for each WM bundle type. These phases may correspond to distinct cellular events such as axonal organization, myelination gliosis, and myelination, previously reported by other groups on post‐mortem fetuses using immunostaining methods. According to the DTI parameter dynamics, we suggest that myelination (phase 3) appears early in the CSTs, followed by the OR and by the CC, respectively. DTI tractography provides access to a better understanding of fetal WM maturation.
On the Diels–Alder Approach to Solely Biomass‐Derived Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Conversion of 2,5‐Dimethylfuran and Acrolein into p‐Xylene
Authors: Shiramizu Mika , Toste F. Dean 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a polymeric material with high global demand. Conventionally, PET is produced from fossil‐fuel‐based materials. Herein, we explored the feasibility of a sustainable method for PET production by using solely bio‐renewable resources. Specifically, 2,5‐dimethylfuran (derived from lignocellulosic biomass through 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural) and acrolein (produced from glycerol, a side product of biodiesel production) were converted into the key intermediate p‐xylene (a precursor of terephthalic acid). This synthesis consists of a sequential Diels–Alder reaction, oxidation, dehydration, and decarboxylation. In particular, the pivotal first step, the Diels–Alder reaction, was studied in detail to provide useful kinetic and thermodynamic data. Although it was found that this reaction requires low temperature to proceed efficiently, which presents a limitation on economic feasibility on an industrial scale, the concept was realized and bio‐derived p‐xylene was obtained in 34 % overall yield over four steps.
Transformation of the Information Technology Function in Organizations: A Case Study in the Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Guillemette Manon G. , Paré Guy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe main goal of this study is to better understand the nature of transformations of the Information Technology (IT) function in organizations. A conceptual framework combining a typology of the IT function and key elements of the theory of punctuated equilibrium was developed and applied in a case study of a manufacturing company. Our results suggest that IT functions are transformed in response to various pressures that push it toward change. However, these pressures need to be channelled through a catalyst consisting of three independent elements: (a) the vision of the enterprise concerning the potential value of IT tools, (b) the degree of Chief Information Officer's participation in strategic decision making, and (c) the level of IT knowledge among members of the executive team. Finally, our results challenge the notion that all IT functions tend towards the same optimal profile over time. Copyright © 2011 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu‐Mg‐Si system in its copper‐rich region
Authors: Miettinen J. , Vassilev G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA thermodynamic assessment of the ternary Cu‐Mg‐Si system was made in its copper‐rich region in relation with the development of a thermodynamic database for Cu‐Mg alloys. The adjustable parameters of the binary end‐systems (Cu‐Mg, Cu‐Si and Mg‐Si) were taken from the literature and those of the Cu‐Mg‐Si system were optimized using experimental thermodynamic and topological data. For the sake of simplicity, the solution phases were described with the substitutional solution model and the intermetallic compounds were treated as plain semi‐stoichiometric phases ((A,B)pCq‐type). The assessment developed is applicable for magnesium contents up to 20 wt% (i.e. magnesium mole fractions ≈0.4) and silicon contents up to 16 wt% (i.e. silicon mole fractions ≈0.3). (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental and first‐principle investigation of Cu‐doped ZnO ferromagnetic powders
Authors: Zheng J. H. , Song J. L. , Li X. J. , Jiang Q. , Lian J. S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZn1‐xCux O powders were synthesized by using sol‐gel method. Electronic band structure and ferromagnetic properties of Zn1‐xCux O powders were studied experimentally and theoretically. The simulations are based upon the Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof form of generalized gradient approximation within the density functional theory. Zn1‐xCux O shows dilute ferromagnetism, as a saturated magnetization of 0.9×10‐3emu/g was observed for Zn0.95Cu0.05O powders. The strong p ‐d hybridization between Cu and its four neighbouring O atoms is responsible for the ferromagnetism. Comparing with ZnO whose Fermi level locates at the valence band maximum, the Fermi level of the Zn1‐xCux O shifts upward into the valence band and hence the Zn1‐xCux O system exhibits theoretically a p ‐type metallic semiconducting property. The Zn1‐xCux O system may be a potential candidate in spintronics. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate/Formic Acid: Engineering and Economic Feasibility
Authors: Agarwal Arun S. , Zhai Yumei , Hill Davion , Sridhar Narasi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe engineering and economic feasibility of large‐scale electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate salts and formic acid is the focus of this Full Paper. In our study we investigated the long‐term performance of tin and other proprietary catalysts in the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate/formic acid at a gas/solid/liquid interface, using a flow‐through reactor. The overall economics and energy consumption of the process are evaluated through a value chain analysis. The sensitivity of the net present value of the process to various process parameters is examined.
Design and Synthesis of Near‐Infrared Emissive Lanthanide Complexes Based on Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Zhu Xunjin , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis review firstly summarizes our recent work on the preparation and photophysical properties of cationic or neutral lanthanide(III) monoporphyrinate complexes, as well as some bridging dinuclear complexes, in which the porphyrinate anion can sensitize the NIR emission of NdIII, YbIII and ErIII ions by serving as an antenna that absorbs visible light and transfers the energy to the excited state of the lanthanide(III) ion, followed by relaxation through the NIR emission. Next, several d–f heterobimetallic diporphyrin complexes, in which a transition metal (M = Zn, Pd, and Pt) porphyrinate moiety serves as a donor by transferring its energy to the Yb3+ ion and enhances the NIR emission, are described. In addition, the synthesis and photophysical properties of some GdIII porphyrinate complexes and monophthalocyaninato lanthanide complexes are also described in this contribution. Apart from the above compounds, we also discuss the construction of multidecker multimetallic lanthanide Schiff base assemblies, which demonstrate that these varieties of salen‐type Schiff base ligands can stabilize LnIII centers and provide the antenna for lanthanide luminescence. By taking advantage of the absorption and emission properties of transition‐metal Schiff base complexes, multinuclear and polynuclear ZnII–LnIII Schiff base complexes have also been constructed with improved luminescence properties.
Cross‐Metathesis Reactions of Homoallyl Methyl Malonates with Sterically Hindered Allylic Esters
Authors: Barile Fabio , Bassetti Mauro , D'Annibale Andrea , Gerometta Renzo , Palazzi Michele 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe methyl malonate esters of 3‐buten‐1‐ol and 2‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol can be coupled efficiently to different methallylic esters in the presence of the second‐generation Grubbs catalyst to yield trisubstituted olefins by the cross‐metathesis reaction. Product selectivity and yields depend on the relative amounts of reagents and to a minor extent on the methallylic ester functional group. Alkyl substituents at either the allylic or the geminal positions significantly affect the product yields and the E/Z stereoselectivity.
Tetra‐tert‐butyltetraoxa[8]circulene and Its Unusual Aggregation Behaviour
Authors: Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Nielsen Christian B. , Schau‐Magnussen Magnus , Hammershøj Peter , Reenberg Theis K. , Petersen Asger B. , Trpcevski Denis , Pittelkow Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe describe the first example of the synthesis of a tetraoxa[8]circulene with only four substituents by means of BF3·OEt2 mediated tetramerisation of tert‐butyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone. Two of the four regioisomers of tetra‐tert‐butyltetraoxa[8]circulene have been isolated and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. It was found that the tetra‐tert‐butyltetraoxa[8]circulenes aggregate in solution through a cooperative polymerisation mechanism despite functionalisation with bulky tert‐butyl substituents.
MicroRNA profiling differentiates colorectal cancer according to KRAS status
Authors: Mosakhani Neda , Sarhadi Virinder Kaur , Borze Ioana , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Sundström Jari , Ristamäki Raija , Österlund Pia , Knuutila Sakari 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecent studies have shown the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of biological processes, and in its ability to distinguish tumors according to their prognostic and predictive properties. To identify miRNA signatures associated with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and with KRAS status, we studied, using Agilent's miRNA microarrays, miRNA expression in primary tumors from 55 metastatic CRC patients, including 15 with mutant and 40 with wild‐type KRAS. Comparing these with normal colon tissue, we identified 49 miRNAs—including 19 novel miRNAs—significantly deregulated in tumor tissue. The presence of the KRAS mutation was associated with up‐regulation of miR‐127‐3p, miR‐92a, and miR‐486‐3p and down‐regulation of miR‐378. Increased expression of miR‐127‐3p and miR‐92a in KRAS mutant tumors was significantly confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) (P < 0.05). We identified some predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs between mutated and wild‐type KRAS, such as RSG3 and TOB1, which are involved in apoptosis and proliferation. Target prediction and pathway analysis suggest a possible role for deregulated miRNAs in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) regeneration and G protein‐coupled receptor signaling pathways. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of the left posterior parietal lobule in top‐down modulation on space‐based attention: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Du Xiaoming , Chen Lin , Zhou Ke 
Published: September 2011

AbstractConverging evidence from neuroimaging as well as lesion and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies has been obtained for the involvement of right ventral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in exogenous orienting. However, the contribution of dorsal PPC to attentional orienting, particularly endogenous orienting, is still under debate. In an informative peripheral cueing paradigm, in which the exogenous and endogenous orienting can be studied in relative isolation within a single task, we applied TMS over sub‐regions of dorsal PPC to explore their possible distinct involvement in exogenous and endogenous processes. We found that disruption of the left posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS) weakened the attentional effects of endogenous orienting, but did not affect exogenous processes. In addition, TMS applied over the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) resulted in an overall increase in reaction times. The present study provides the causal evidence that the left pIPS plays a crucial role in voluntary orienting of visual attention, while right SPL is involved in the processing of arousal and/or vigilance. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2477–2486, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water condition control of in situ soil water repellency: an observational study from a hillslope in a Japanese humid‐temperate forest
Authors: Kajiura Masako , Etori Yoshie , Tange Takeshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the relationship between the moisture conditions and the water repellency of soil surfaces in situ, we periodically conducted field surveys for more than a year in a humid‐temperate forest in Japan. Measurements were made in four plots with varying soil physicochemical properties and under different topographic conditions across a hillslope. Each plot contained permanent quadrats with measurement points in a grid pattern. At each point, we measured the volumetric water content at 0‐ to 5‐cm depths and the water repellency at soil surfaces approximately twice a month. The repeated measurements enabled us to estimate the critical water content (CWC) below which soils repelled water at each point. We defined the representative CWC (RCWC) of a plot as the median of all CWCs in a plot and estimated the representative critical water potential (RCWP) on the basis of the RCWC using the water retention curve. The RCWC values differed among plots, but the corresponding RCWP values were similar (pF = 3.5–3.9). The relationship of the areal fraction showing water repellency against soil water potentials was similar across plots, but the relationship differed among plots against the soil moisture content. These results suggest that soil water potential is more indicative of the spatial occurrence of water repellency than moisture content on a hillslope where soil physicochemical properties vary. Plots located on ridge crests frequently exhibited lower water potentials and showed a higher areal fraction of water repellency, implying a greater chance of generating surface runoff by rainfall events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia‐induced upregulation of pigment epithelium‐derived factor by retinal glial (Müller) cells
Authors: Yang Xiu Mei , Yafai Yousef , Wiedemann Peter , Kuhrt Heidrun , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Reichenbach Andreas , Eichler Wolfram 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeuronal degeneration and aberrant neovascularization are common problems of ischemic retinopathies. Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF), a neuroprotective protein and an inhibitor of angiogenesis, is produced by retinal glial (Müller) cells and can counterbalance elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the expression of which is regulated primarily by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1. In an approach to mimic transient ischemia in vitro, primary Müller cells were cultured under transient and strong hypoxia (0.2% O2), followed by reoxygenation at 2.5% O2, and molecular mechanisms that might contribute to changes in the intraretinal PEDF level were determined. Hypoxic conditions caused an increasing expression of HIF‐1α and led to upregulation of both PEDF and VEGF. Treatment of the cells with synthetic HIF‐1α blockers or neutralization of VEGF binding to VEGF receptors (VEGFR‐1 and‐2) suppressed hypoxia‐induced PEDF upregulation. Furthermore, the presence of CoCl2 (a hypoxia mimetic) induced an accumulation of elevated HIF‐1α protein in the nucleus and an upregulation of PEDF expression in Müller cells. Increasing PEDF expression was attenuated when HIF‐1α levels were suppressed using HIF‐1α small interfering RNA (siRNA). On the other hand, siRNA‐mediated depletion of PEDF facilitated HIF‐1α upregulation caused by CoCl2 and resulted in increasing VEGF mRNA and protein levels. These results demonstrate that VEGF and PEDF may be unidirectionally regulated in hypoxia through HIF‐1α activation, with upregulation of PEDF, which may occur in a VEGF‐dependent manner. However, endogenously produced PEDF seems to be an inherent control element of HIF‐1α expression in Müller cells, indicating an important feedback mechanism for limiting upregulation of VEGF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.