bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin as the most effective organizer of the rhythm of protein synthesis in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Brodsky Vsevolod Y , Zvezdina Natalia D 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecent data has extended a large array of melatonin functions by the discovery of melatonin's involvement in the organization and regulation of the rhythm of intracellular protein synthesis. An ultradian rhythm in total protein synthesis has been detected in primary hepatocyte cultures 5 min after addition of 1–5 nM melatonin to the medium. The melatonin effect was mediated via its receptors (as shown in experiments with luzindole), leading to the cell synchronization as well as the mean rate of protein synthesis rate being increased. The chain of processes synchronizing the oscillation of the rate protein synthesis throughout the hepatocyte population includes Ca2+ fluxes {experiments with BAPTA‐AM [1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (acetomethyl ester)]}. Inhibition of protein kinase activity (experiments with H7) inhibited the synchronizing function of melatonin. Activation of protein kinase activity results in a shift of the protein synthesis oscillation; the effect was the same as melatonin added to the culture medium. In another series of experiments, after melatonin was intraperitoneally injected to rat (0.015–0.020 μg/kg), hepatocytes were isolated and cultures established. A synchronizing effect of melatonin in vivo was detected as early as in the estimates from the direct action of melatonin on cell cultures. In the cultures obtained from old rats provided with melatonin, the amplitude of protein synthesis rhythm was enhanced, i.e. cell—cell interactions were increased, as well as rate of the protein synthesis being enhanced.
Blood and Colostrum/Milk Serum γ‐Glutamyltransferase Activity as a Predictor of Passive Transfer Status in Lambs
Authors: Maden M. , Altunok V. , Bi̇rdane F. M. , Aslan V. , Ni̇zamlioglu M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe importance of blood and colostrum/milk serumγ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT) enzyme activity was evaluated to assess passive transfer status in healthy lambs.Thirty Akkaraman sheep (3–6 years old) were used which had normal pregnancy period and the same conditions, and the age of the lambs ranged between 0 and 15 days.Blood and colostrum/milk samples were collected from sheep and lambs after birth, before suckling (0) and after on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 15th days. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was determined by the use of Single Radial Immunodiffusion method. Serumγ‐GT activity was measured, using a commercially available kit in blood and colostrum/milk samples. Correlations were carried out between immunoglobulin andγ‐GT levels. Regression models (simple and multiple) were calculated with significant data.Linear correlation was determined between colostrum/milkγ‐GT activity and IgG concentrations and between serumγ‐GT activity and IgG concentrations in lambs on the 0 day. (r: 0.607,P: 0.001), 1st (r: 0.768,P: 0.001) and the 3rd (r: 0.603,P: 0.001) days and on the 1st (r: 0.637,P: 0.001) and 3rd (r: 0.478,P: 0.012) days in the experiment, respectively. Multivariate regression models were developed to estimate sample IgG concentration. Serum and colostrum/milk IgG concentration could be predicted using the formula: lamb serum IgG = 825 + 0.688 (lambγ‐GT) + 52 (days); colostrum/milk IgG = 832 + 0.505 (colostrum/milkγ‐GT) − 167 (days). The regression models were moderately accurate in predicting serum IgG concentration (R2 = 0.51) and colostrum/milk IgG concentration (R2 = 0.55). Test sensitivity and positive predictive values for serumγ‐GT enzyme activity were found to be 96 and 100% and for colostrum/milkγ‐GT enzyme activity were found to be 100 and 68% to prediction IgG concentration.Serum and colostrum/milkγ‐GT activity can be used to assess passive transfer status of lambs. Along with this, regression models used to calculate serum and colostrum/milkγ‐GT activities found to be useful to estimate sample IgG concentration. The use of serum and colostrum/milkγ‐GT enzyme activity was found useful especially after birth on the 0, 1st and 3rd days.
The Distribution of Culicoides imicola in Italy: Application and Evaluation of Current Mediterranean Models Based on Climate
Authors: Calistri P. , Goffredo M. , Caporale V. , Meiswinkel R. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn August 2000 bluetongue (BT) disease appeared amongst sheep on the island of Sardinia spreading later to Sicily and to mainland Italy. The majority of areas affected by BT were surveyed for Culicoides imicola, the only proven vector of the disease known to occur in the Mediterranean region. The data from 1456 light‐trap collections, made in months with a mean temperature of 12.5°C, were used to test the accuracy of current models predicting the prevalence and abundance of C. imicola across the region. For Italy, the distribution of C. imicola was found to be very irregular and did not fit the modelled predictions. The possible reasons for this are discussed, and suggestions made as to which variables may improve this fit in the development of future risk models. In Italy, past surveys failed to reveal the presence of C. imicola, and so could be construed as evidence of its recent invasion, and thus rampant spread northwards. Although equivocal, historical records indicate that C. imicola was overlooked in the past. Six recommendations are made as to the possible future course of Culicoides research in southern Europe.
Necrotizing Stomatitis Associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum in Two Goats
Authors: Yeruham I. , Elad D. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryNecrotizing stomatitis associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum in two goats is described. Arcanobacterium pyrogenes was the dominant component of the microbial flora cultured under aerobic condition. Treatment with penicillin, at a dose of 50 000 IU/kg for 6 days was used successfully in the cure of the disease.
The Use of Different Vaccination Schedules for Sows to Protect Piglets against Aujeszky's Disease
Authors: Casal J. , Planasdemunt Ll. , Varo J. A. , Martín M. 
Published: October 2010

SummarySeveral Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) vaccination protocols of sows were evaluated with regard to the passive protection conferred on piglets in a recently built commercial farm. Three different groups of sows were vaccinated using a Bartha K‐61 strain. One group received an inactivated vaccine during pregnancy and the other two groups received attenuated vaccines, either during pregnancy (day 65) or on the seventh day of lactation. At farrowing, sows vaccinated during lactation had lower seroneutralization titres than those vaccinated during pregnancy either with inactivated or attenuated vaccines. Accordingly, their piglets were the ones with lower levels of maternally transferred neutralizing antibodies. At 4 weeks of age, five piglets born of each group of sows were challenged intranasally with a neurotropic strain of ADV. Piglets born of sows vaccinated during pregnancy with inactivated and attenuated vaccines gained 1.50 kg bodyweight and 2.50 kg bodyweight during 7 days, respectively, and did not show clinical signs, while piglets from sows vaccinated during the previous lactation lost 0.60 kg and presented moderate to severe clinical signs of ADV. Vaccination of sows during pregnancy provided more protection against ADV for piglets than sow vaccination before mating. Piglets born from sows vaccinated with attenuated or inactivated vaccines did not present remarkable differences on protection.
Children's perception of dinner conversation with parents in Japan
Authors: Okada Miyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe children's perception of dinner and dinner conversation with their parents was surveyed for sixth‐grade students of elementary school in Japan. The data were analysed from the gender of children and attending parents. The children had dinner and dinner conversation more frequently with their mother than with their father. With father attendance, girls and boys had the same frequency of dinner and dinner conversation, although, with mother attendance, girls had dinner conversation more frequently than boys. Most of the children felt happy when they had dinner with their parents. However, a lower percentage of children felt happy when having dinner conversation with their parents, thought that they were important to their parents and thought dinner conversation was useful. More children felt happy during dinner and dinner conversation with their mother than with their father. However, there was no perceived difference in the usefulness of the conversation based on the father or the mother attending. The contents of conversation were greatly affected by which parent was attending. Subjects concerning children's manners were talked about more frequently in conversation with mothers than with fathers. Children had more frequent conversations with their father about ‘social issues’ and the ‘parents’ surroundings’ than with their mother. Girls had more frequent conversations on a wider variety of subjects with their mothers than boys. Girls could more easily share in their mothers’ knowledge or sense of values through dinner conversation. Boys were, for the most part, excluded from this process in conversation with either parent.
Aerobic growth at nanomolar oxygen concentrations
Authors: Stolper Daniel A. , Revsbech Niels Peter , Canfield Donald E. 
Published: October 2010

Molecular oxygen (O2) is the second most abundant gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, but in many natural environments, its concentration is reduced to low or even undetectable levels. Although low-oxygen-adapted organisms define the ecology of low-oxygen environments, their capabilities are not fully known. These capabilities also provide a framework for reconstructing a critical period in the history of life, because low, but not negligible, atmospheric oxygen levels could have persisted before the “Great Oxidation” of the Earth’s surface about 2.3 to 2.4 billion years ago. Here, we show thatEscherichia coliK-12, chosen for its well-understood biochemistry, rapid growth rate, and low-oxygen-affinity terminal oxidase, grows at oxygen levels of ≤ 3 nM, two to three orders of magnitude lower than previously observed for aerobes. Our study expands both the environmental range and temporal history of aerobic organisms.
Types of drinkers and drinking settings: an application of a mathematical model
Authors: Mubayi Anuj , Greenwood Priscilla , Wang Xiaohong , Castillo‐Chávez Carlos , Gorman Dennis M. , Gruenewald Paul , Saltz Robert F. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims US college drinking data and a simple population model of alcohol consumption are used to explore the impact of social and contextual parameters on the distribution of light, moderate and heavy drinkers. Light drinkers become moderate drinkers under social influence, moderate drinkers may change environments and become heavy drinkers. We estimate the drinking reproduction number, Rd, the average number of individual transitions from light to moderate drinking that result from the introduction of a moderate drinker in a population of light drinkers.Design and Settings Ways of assessing and ranking progression of drinking risks and data‐driven definitions of high‐ and low‐risk drinking environments are introduced. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, via a novel statistical approach, are conducted to assess Rdvariability and to analyze the role of context on drinking dynamics.Findings Our estimates show Rdwell above the critical value of 1. Rdestimates correlate positively with the proportion of time spent by moderate drinkers in high‐risk drinking environments. Rdis most sensitive to variations in local social mixing contact rates within low‐risk environments. The parameterized model with college data suggests that high residence times of moderate drinkers in low‐risk environments maintain heavy drinking.Conclusions With regard to alcohol consumption in US college students, drinking places, the connectivity (traffic) between drinking venues and the strength of socialization in local environments are important determinants in transitions between light, moderate and heavy drinking as well as in long‐term prediction of the drinking dynamics.
Review article: explaining risks of inflammatory bowel disease therapy to patients
Authors: Siegel C. A. 
Published: October 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 23–32SummaryBackground  Medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has advanced significantly over the past decade, but it is important to communicate effectively the balance of benefits and risks of therapy to patients to facilitate informed medical decisions.Aim  To review the available data describing the risk of side effects of IBD medications and to describe effective methods for communicating risk.Methods  To identify relevant articles for this review, a PubMed search was conducted using relevant key words and phrases. In addition, reference lists from identified manuscripts were searched and recent abstracts from National meetings were reviewed.Results  The steroid‐sparing medications used for the treatment of IBD all carry risks of both common and rare adverse events. Trade‐offs need to be made between the risks of these medications vs. the risks of poorly treated disease and corticosteroids. There has been significant research on how best to present risk data to patients, which is summarized in this review.Conclusions  To ensure that our patients understand their choices and feel comfortable with their treatment, we need to communicate risk data to patients clearly. Patients comprehend absolute numbers better than relative risk, and when available, pictorial representations of data are preferred over solely presenting numerical outcomes.
Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of an intravenous bolus of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Vachiery Jean‐Luc , Huez Sandrine , Gillies Hunter , Layton Gary , Hayashi Naoto , Gao Xiang , Naeije Robert 
Published: October 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare syndrome of dyspnoea and fatigue due to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Although the disease remains incurable, targeted therapies have been shown to be beneficial to patients. Oral sildenafil (20 mg three times daily) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor with proven efficacy on exercise capacity, symptoms and pulmonary haemodynamics in patients with PAH. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS It is advisable that chronic therapies for PAH, including oral sildenafil, not be interrupted. However, patients may not be able to take their medication because of an intervening illness or a requirement to undergo general anaesthesia, preventing oral drug administration. This study demonstrates that an intravenous bolus of 10 mg sildenafil in stable patients with PAH is safe, well tolerated and maintains plasma levels to preserve drug exposure.AIMS To assess pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a 10 mg intravenous sildenafil bolus in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients stabilized on 20 mg sildenafil orally three times daily.METHODS Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis.RESULTS After an acute increase, plasma concentrations stabilized within the range reported previously for a 20 mg oral tablet. At 0.5 h, mean ± SD changes from baseline were −8.4 ± 11.7 mmHg (systolic pressure), −2.6 ± 7.3 mmHg (diastolic pressure) and −3.5 ± 10.4 beats min−1 (heart rate). There was no symptomatic hypotension.CONCLUSIONS Although further research is warranted, a 10 mg sildenafil intravenous bolus appears to provide similar exposure, tolerability and safety to the 20 mg tablet.
The association between repetitive behaviours, impulsivity and hyperactivity in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Burbidge C. , Oliver C. , Moss J. , Arron K. , Berg K. , Furniss F. , Hill L. , Trusler K. , Woodcock K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  There is a need for assessments of psychological difference and disorder in people who have more severe intellectual disability (ID). Hyperactivity and impulsivity are two behavioural domains of importance as they are correlated with self‐injury and aggression and this alludes to a shared cognitive correlate of compromised behavioural inhibition. Additionally, compromised behavioural inhibition is demonstrably related to repetitive behaviour and the latter might be expected to be associated with impulsivity and hyperactivity.Methods  The Activity Questionnaire (TAQ) was developed for this study. Three sub‐scales with high levels of face validity were supported by factor analysis of the scoring of 755 intellectually disabled participants on the TAQ items. These sub‐scales mapped onto the constructs of Overactivity, Impulsivity and Impulsive Speech. Test–retest, inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency were robust. TAQ scores and scores on the Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire (RBQ) were collected for a sample of 136 participants with varying degrees of ID.Results  Scores on the TAQ at sub‐scale and full‐scale level were not related to level of adaptive functioning. There were significant positive associations between overactivity (TAQ) and stereotyped behaviour (RBQ), impulsivity (TAQ) and restricted preferences (RBQ), and impulsive speech (TAQ) and repetitive speech (RBQ).Conclusions  The TAQ is a reliable assessment of hyperactivity and impulsivity for people with ID with robust factor structure. Validity requires evaluation. The relationship between impulsivity and restricted preferences may result from a common cognitive impairment in inhibition, which may underpin these two classes of behaviour.
Surgical injuries of pancreatic allografts during procurement
Authors: Marang‐van de Mheen Perla J. , Hilling Denise E. , Dirkes Marcel C. , Baranski Andrzej G. 
Published: October 2010

Marang‐van de Mheen PJ, Hilling DE, Dirkes MC, Baranski AG. Surgical injuries of pancreatic allografts during procurement.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 737–743. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Quality of most procured pancreata is considered acceptable or good by surgeons, but remains difficult to ascertain. Little is known on how often pancreata are refused for transplantation during back‐table inspection. Purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and type of problems responsible for refusal during back‐table inspection and to identify possible risk factors. All 134 pancreata accepted and procured for whole‐organ transplantation and transported to the Leiden University Medical Center in the period February 2002 until May 2008 were included. These were retrospectively analyzed on donor characteristics, procurement characteristics, and (non‐)critical problems. A total of 111 (82.8%) pancreata were transplanted while 23 (17.2%) were refused for transplantation during back‐table inspection, regardless of procurement region (χ2 = 0.16 p = 0.93). Fourteen pancreata (13.4%) were refused solely because of surgical injuries. In refused pancreata, on average 2.7 critical problems per pancreas were found and 0.6 non‐critical problems (vs. 0.3 in transplanted pancreata, t = 1.83 p = 0.08). Chances of refusal increased in pancreata from older donors (odds ratio 1.08 [1.02–1.14]) procured in centers not performing pancreas transplantations (odds ratio 7.95 [2.43–25.97]). We conclude that pancreatic allografts are frequently refused during back‐table inspection, partly because of the surgical injuries suggesting that quality of procurement may be improved.
Bilateral Epididymal Sperm Granulomas Following Urethrostomy in a German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Batista‐Arteaga M , Santana M , Lozano O , Niño T , Alamo D , Rodríguez F 
Published: October 2010

ContentsBilateral enlargement of both epididymes was observed in a 6‐year‐old German shepherd dog following a pre‐scrotal urethrostomy. Testicular parenchyma showed regular structure, and the spermatogenesis and the steroidogenic functions were not modified. However, macroscopic examination of the tail and the body of both epididymes exhibited multiple white and well‐delimited foci. Histopathological study of the epididymes confirmed the development of granulomas associated with extravasated spermatozoa. Urethrostomy caused a severe stenosis of the penile urethra, favouring the retention of urine at the urinary bladder. The retrograde pressure exerted by the distension of the urinary bladder could have allowed the urine to reach the prostatic urethra and the deferent ducts and, finally, the epididymes, causing irritation and rupture of the mucous layer of the epididymal duct, the consequent sperm extravasation and the development of sperm granulomas. We speculate that the inadequate surgical resolution of the urethral calculi caused the bladder distension, the subsequent retrograde flow of urine and the development of the lesions.
The relationship of palliative transurethral resection of the prostate with disease progression in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Krupski Tracey L. , Stukenborg George J. , Moon Kihyuck , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: October 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (exception cohort) Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVESTo test, in a prostate‐cancer population‐based database, the validity of the finding that in single‐institution series, palliative transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is associated with an increased risk of progression.PATIENTS AND METHODSUsing the Surveillance Epidemiology and END Results Registry, we identified men who had a TURP subsequent to their diagnosis of prostate cancer, from 1998 or 1999. The outcome of interest was disease progression, as defined by the initiation of androgen‐deprivation therapy or procedures indicating progressive urinary obstruction. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the adjusted odds of signal events related to disease progression adjusting for the concurrent effect of the covariates.RESULTSThere were 29 361 men with prostate cancer and 2742 (9.3%) had a TURP after the diagnosis. These men had a mean age of 75 years and were unlikely to undergo definitive primary treatment. Men receiving TURP were more likely to undergo orchidectomy than men who did not have a TURP (odds ratio 1.64; 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.60) even after adjusting for differences in cancer‐directed treatment, tumour stage and grade, prostate‐specific antigen level, race, and age at diagnosis. These men were also more likely to have malignant urinary obstruction (ureteric and bladder outlet) than were men who did not have TURP.CONCLUSIONThe requirement for TURP is an adverse prognostic marker even when this is adjusted for classical tumour characteristics. Although the exact reasons for this finding are unclear, consideration should be given to adjuvant treatment in patients undergoing TURP.