bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterozygous Prothrombin Mutation-Associated Thrombophilia
Authors: Wu Xi , Li Lei , Lu Zhengjing , Hu Xiaobo , Lu Yeling , Liu Yu , Xu Guanqun , Ding Qiulan , Wang Xuefeng , Wu Wenman , Jin Peipei , Dai Jing 
Published: June 2024

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is predisposed by thrombotic mutations in patients with hereditary thrombophilia. Although prothrombin deficiencies caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations are associated with bleeding diathesis, rare cases have shown a correlation between heterozygous prothrombin mutations and thrombosis.
Materials and Methods We surveyed genetic variants involved in thrombosis and hemostasis in 347 patients with unprovoked VTE or having a positive family history of thrombosis. For patients identified with heterozygous prothrombin mutations, we conducted family investigations and performed a thrombin generation test (TGT) to elucidate the thrombotic risk. Novel mutants were expressed and subjected to functional assays to clarify the underlying thrombotic mechanisms.
Results Heterozygous prothrombin mutations were identified in 3.5% of patients (12/347), including three novel mutations Phe382Ser, Phe382Leu, and Asp597Tyr found in one patient each, as well as previously reported Arg541Trp mutation in four patients and Arg596Gln mutation in five patients. A total of 42 mutation carriers were identified within the 12 pedigrees, among whom 64.3% (27/42) had experienced thrombotic events. TGT results demonstrated hypercoagulability for carriers of the five mutations, with Arg596Gln showing the highest thrombin generation potential followed by Arg541Trp. The Phe382-associated mutations severely impaired thrombomodulin-binding ability of thrombin, resulting in obviously reduced protein C (PC) activation. The Asp597Tyr mutation exhibited a mild reduction in both inactivation by antithrombin and PC activation reactions.
Conclusion The presence of heterozygous prothrombin mutations represents a potential genetic predisposition for VTE. All thrombosis-associated mutations potentiate coagulation activity by either conferring antithrombin resistance and/or impairing PC pathway activity.
Gram-Scale Synthesis of (±)-Tylophorine
Authors: Reddy D. Srinivasa , Masal Dattatraya P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report a practical scalable synthesis of the natural product (±)-tylophorine by using an operationally simple protecting-group-free route from readily accessible starting materials. Synthesis of a cyclic N-acetyl diester compound through cyclization, followed by two key steps (decarboxylation and a Clemmensen reduction), provides access to the target molecule.
Positional Relationship between Two Microcatheters according to the Navigation Sequence within the Curved Vessel in Neuroendovascular Procedures
Authors: Ohshima Tomotaka , Koiwai Megumi , Matsuo Naoki , Miyachi Shigeru 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective In neuroendovascular treatment, there are many opportunities to guide multiple catheters into the intracranial blood vessels. We report the relationship between two microcatheters according to the guiding order with experimental in vitro studies.
Materials and Methods We hypothesize that in a bent blood vessel such as a paraclinoid region of the internal carotid artery, the catheter that was first guided tended to pass through the inside, and the catheter that was guided later tended to pass through the outside. The in vitro verification was performed using a microcatheter and a balloon catheter in a silicone vascular aneurysmal model.
Results As a result, it was found that the two catheters were arranged according to our hypothesis. This finding was also observed during the actual operation of balloon-assisted coil embolization.
Conclusion The positional relationship between the two catheters according to the navigation order is very important, in particular during balloon-assisted coiling and stent-assisted coiling via a jailed microcatheter.
Stress-Induced Hypercoagulability: Insights from Epidemiological and Mechanistic Studies, and Clinical Integration
Authors: von Känel Roland 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBy integrating findings from comprehensive reviews, meta-analyses, and cutting-edge genetic studies, this article illuminates the significance of stress-induced hypercoagulability in clinical medicine. In particular, the findings from numerous prospective cohort studies indicate that stress and hemostatic factors of a hypercoagulable state are associated with increased incident risk and poor prognosis for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism. Mendelian randomization studies suggest that these associations are partially causal. The review synthesizes extensive research on the link between acute and chronic stress and hypercoagulability, outlining a potential pathway from stress to thrombosis risk. Consistent with the allostatic load concept, acute stress-induced hypercoagulability, initially adaptive, can turn maladaptive under chronic stress or excessive acute stress, leading to arterial or venous thrombotic events. Individuals with predisposing factors, including atherosclerosis, thrombophilia, or immobilization, may exhibit an increased risk of thrombotic disease during stress. Contextual sociodemographic characteristics, the stress experience, and coping resources additionally modulate the extent of stress-induced hypercoagulability. Research into the neuroendocrine, cellular, and molecular bases reveals how stress influences platelet activation coagulation and fibrinolysis. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, along with vagal withdrawal, and the effects of catecholamines, cortisol, and vasopressin, are the central mechanisms involved. Hemoconcentration, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombopoiesis additionally contribute to stress-induced hypercoagulability. Further research is needed to prove a causal link between chronic stress and hypercoagulability. This includes exploring its implications for the prevention and management of thrombotic diseases in stressed individuals, with a focus on developing effective psychosocial and pharmacological interventions.
Emerging Trends in Neuropalliative Care: A Palliative Approach to Epilepsy and Seizure Management in Adults
Authors: Willert Anna-Christin , Kowski Alexander Bernhard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractManagement of severe (drug-resistant) epilepsy and epilepsy in other serious illnesses is multidimensional and requires consideration of both physical symptoms and psychosocial distress that require individualized treatment. Palliative care offers a holistic approach to disease that focuses on all dimensions of suffering to maintain quality of life. Integration of a palliative care mind- and skillset in the management of severe epilepsy and epilepsy in other serious illnesses can provide person-centered care and support for families and caregivers.
Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gamaleldin Maysoon , Qazi Taha , Hull Tracy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease accounts for ∼5% of all cases of CRC. Although it only accounts for a fraction of CRC cases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related CRC is a serious consequence of chronic inflammation that needs attention. There is a better understanding today about the pathogenesis contributing to IBD-CRC and the role of genetics and gut microbiota. Guidelines recommend timely screening and surveillance of UC and Crohn's patients, and it is usually timed from the initial diagnosis. This helps with early detection of dysplasia and CRC in this subset of patients, thus allowing for earlier intervention. However, dysplasia is not always easy to discern and management of CRC in each patient may differ. A multidisciplinary approach should be adopted in managing CRC in IBD. Although the oncologic principles of managing sporadic CRC and IBD-CRC are the same, surgical resection should be tailored to each patient.
Design of tunable pneumatic metamaterials for low-frequency vibration control
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Xu Wei , Chen Zhimin , Fu Junqiang , Yin Lihang 
Published: June 2024

For addressing the limitations of traditional elastic metamaterials in opening wide bandgaps below 100 Hz, a tunable pneumatic metamaterial plate with airbag local resonators is proposed. Utilizing the characteristics of airbags, such as small volume, large load-bearing capacity, easy stiffness adjustment, and the ability to provide multi-directional restoring forces, a structured low-stiffness local resonator with a certain load-bearing capacity is designed. By varying the gauge pressure of the airbag, the bandgap can be moved toward lower frequencies, thereby achieving a broad low-frequency vibration suppression capability for various wave propagations. The low-frequency vibration bandgap characteristics of the tunable pneumatic metamaterial are analyzed and verified by applying the finite element method. The results illustrate that this tunable pneumatic metamaterial can attenuate bending waves in the range of 22–121 Hz by adjusting the air pressure. Moreover, increasing the gauge pressure will not only shift the complete bandgap toward lower frequencies but also significantly expand the bandwidth of the complete bandgap. For instance, increasing the gauge pressure from 0 to 50 kPa reduces the opening frequency of the complete bandgap from 36 to 22 Hz while enhancing the relative bandwidth from 0.52 to 0.85. Extending from this, a parametric study was conducted to examine the impact of the structural parameters of airbag-type resonant units on bandgap evolution, summarizing the general principles for achieving wide low-frequency bandgaps. Finally, the bandgap characteristics of the tunable pneumatic metamaterial are confirmed through the frequency response function of a finite periodic structure.
Exploring equity of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples within the state-wide Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Screening Clinic and Multi-disciplinary Service in Queensland Health
Authors: McDougall Alistair , Raymer Maree , Window Peter , Cottrell Michelle , Nelson Curtley , Francia Carl , Watson Eliza , O’Leary Shaun 
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aimed to explore equity of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples compared to non-Indigenous Australians within a Queensland-wide musculoskeletal service. Method The service database was analysed between July 2018 and April 2022 across 18 Queensland Health facilities. Representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples within the service’s patient population was first explored. Second, service and patient-related characteristics and outcomes between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and non-Indigenous patients undergoing an episode of care in the service were compared using analysis of variance and chi-squared tests. Results A greater proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (4.34%) were represented within the service’s patient population than in the general population (3.61%) state-wide. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients presented with a generally higher severity of clinical presentation across measures at initial consult. Very similar proportions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (63.2%) and non-Indigenous (64.3%) patients reported clinically meaningful treatment benefits. While a higher proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients (69.7%) were discharged from the service without requiring specialist review compared to non-Indigenous patients (65.6%), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients had higher rates of discharge due to non-attendance (20.8%) when compared to non-Indigenous (10.6%) patients (P < 0.01). Conclusions Disparity in care retention for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients compared to non-Indigenous patients was observed within the musculoskeletal service. Consultation with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is needed to address access barriers once in the service to guide service improvement.
Summary of the 4th IAHR Asian working group symposium on hydraulic machinery and systems
Authors: Zhengwei Wang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

1. Background

The international Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), founded in 1935, one of the IAHR Committee is the Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, which deals with the advancement of technology associated with the understanding of steady and unsteady flow characteristics in hydraulic machinery and conduit systems connected to, and the main emphasis is to promote interaction between the machine designers, machine users, the academic communities, and the communities at large.
To meet its objectives, the Committee focuses on the best possible exchange of technical knowledge by arranging a Committee Symposium every second year. The symposiums are designed to attract scientists and engineers from industries, universities, consultants and users of hydraulic machinery. In addition, the Committee established “Asian Working Group” specially to promote the exchange and cooperation of hydraulic machinery industry in Asian countries.
In recent years, water conservancy and hydropower in Asia have been developing dramatically. Hydraulic machinery like pump, pump turbines etc., are widely used in project construction. There are plentiful scientific and technical payoffs achieved within the related researches. The "Asian Working Group" has held three symposiums on hydraulic machinery and systems, which are: IAHR 2017 Asia Beijing, IAHR 2019 Asia Busan, IAHR 2021 Asia Nepal. And all conference proceedings have been published in IOP. After the 4th IAHR Asian Working Group Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (hereinafter referred to as IAHR 2023 Asia Kashgar) following its convention, the conference proceedings will be published in IOP.
List of Scope, Record, Appendices A: Organization, Appendices B: Committee members, Appendices C: Excellent papers are available in this pdf.
Consideration on setting conditions of the upstream surge chamber in the water transmission system of pumped storage power station
Authors: Zhao Long , Wang Jue , Cheng Yanan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Through the investigation of more than ten domestic pumped storage power stations that have been built or are under construction, the actual setting of the upstream surge chamber is obtained. The traditional upstream surge chamber setting conditions are derived from conventional hydropower station construction experience and subsequent derivations. Combined with the load shedding test and unit design parameters, the practical application of the upstream surge chamber setting conditions is evaluated, and the relevant construction experience of the pumped storage power station is summarized. The analysis and research results of the installation conditions of the upstream surge chamber are presented.
Vortices Evolution Characteristics and Pressure Pulsations of Variable-speed Francis Turbine
Authors: Zhang Changbing , Wang Chongxun , Zhang Yongqi , Wang Wenquan , Liu Demin , Shen Chunhe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The stability of Francis turbine under low load conditions has become the focus in the power grid dominated by variable renewable energy. In this paper, the variable-speed approach is used to explore the operating characteristics of the Francis turbine, the RANS/LES hybrid turbulent model is adopted to investigate the fluid structure evolution process, and using the Q-criterion depicts the vortex cores. The results show that the numerical simulation agrees well with the experimental data acquired from the model test. It is found that the variable-speed operation can effectively eliminate the vortex ropes in the draft tube. Unexpectedly, the vortices in the runner will evolve from the separated vortices at the runner outlet for the fixed-speed Francis turbine to the inter-blade vortices at the runner inlet for the variable-speed Francis turbine in the case of small guide vane opening. It is concluded that the optimum operating range of a variable-speed Francis turbine (VSFT) should be within ±30% rated speed and 60% to 100% opening, and the pressure pulsation coefficient in the draft tube can be reduced from 7% to 1% at minimum water head, the output and efficiency of the turbine are increased by about 30% and 10% respectively.
Study on erosion characteristics of turbine in sediment-laden river
Authors: Wei Xin-Yu , Yang Jia-Fu , Pei Jun-Xian , Xie Guo , Wang Wen-Quan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sediment erosion of hydro turbines is prevalent and serious in the mountain river region. The effect of operating head and particle diameter on sediment erosion was investigated in this paper. A Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was applied to numerically simulate the solid-liquid flow in a Francis turbine under the minimum, design and maximum heads. Five typical diameters (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 mm) were firstly determined based on field measurements at a hydropower station. After tracking the trajectories of sediment particles, McLaury model was selected to predict the erosion rate. The results show that sediment erosion regions of runner blades are similar under different operating heads, while the sediment erosion rates amplify significantly with the increase of operating heads. The erosion rate of blade suction side is significantly higher than that of pressure side because of the effect of inter-blade vortices between runner blades. Sediment diameters also play an important role in accelerating erosion rate, which indicate that setting up sedimentation tanks to settle large-size sediment particles is a powerful method to alleviate sediment erosion. This study can provide a reference for erosion estimation and operational maintenance of hydro turbines in mountain river region.
Optimization design and test verification of guide vanes for a fish-friendly Francis turbine
Authors: Yi Y L , Wang W P , Li T Y , Gao Z X , Lu L , He L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fish will die from the strike of the narrow flow passages when passage through traditional Francis turbines, in order to obtain excellent hydraulic performance as well as improve survival rate of fish, the guide vanes of fish-friendly Francis turbine model is taken as the research object. CFD method is adopted to predict the flow field characteristics of the turbine, meanwhile, the model test is carried out to validate the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results showed that, for plan A with 20 guide vanes, the internal flow of the turbine is more uniform and the pressure between the guide vanes is more symmetric in the circumferential direction, the turbine has better performance in the efficiency and operational stability.
A Comparative Analysis on the Efficient and Stability Cam Curve of a 200 MW Kaplan Turbine Unit
Authors: Zhao W , Xia M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the cam curve selection methodology of the largest Kaplan turbine unit is discussed. The cam curves generated by both index test and stability test are presented and analysed. To compare with the current cam curve running the power plant, the efficiency cam curve increases the unit efficiency by around 1%; while the stability cam curve has decreased the vibration with a small cost of output (less than 2%). The research gives the operators of hydraulic turbine unit a guidance of selecting the optimal operation strategy.
Evaluation of Forces on the Needle for Regulation of Pelton Turbine Injector
Authors: Khan F , Kumar A , Staubli T 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In hydropower plants, the Pelton turbine is a commonly used hydraulic turbine where flow is regulated with a dual mechanism of needle and deflector. The needle is controlled by a servomotor and governor system, where the flow rate varies by adjusting the needle strokes. The needle is operated under the hydraulic force caused by the high-water pressure inside the injector acting on the needle surface. The objective of computing the force balance in a Pelton injector is to determine the force to be supplied by the servomotor. The closing trend is crucial to design the injector for safe operation during an emergency. In this study, the function of the needle and nozzle curve generalizes the variable needle surface area, allowing the geometric properties of the nozzle and needle to be suitable for the needle force evaluation. The single-axis force transducer, which is mounted on the needle rod, has been used in the experimental method for determining the needle forces. The experimental findings are compared to analytical calculations and serve as validation for the accuracy and reliability of the computed results obtained through the analytical approach.
Investigation on hydraulic loss characteristic of Kaplan turbines based on entropy generation theory
Authors: Liu Boxing , Feng Jianjun , Wang Zhaoning , Guan Ziwu , Zhu Guojun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the hydraulic losses of a Kaplan turbine under optimal and rated operating conditions are investigated through the theory of entropy generation. The results show that hydraulic loss values calculated using pressure drop and entropy generation theory are similar. The hydraulic losses are mainly concentrated in runner and draft tube. However, when the operation condition of Kaplan turbines deviates from the optimal condition, the proportion of hydraulic loss in draft tube increases. The hydraulic loss in draft tube is mainly composed of entropy generation caused by turbulence fluctuation, which is the result of unstable flow induced by vortex rope. The hydraulic losses of other parts are mainly composed of entropy production caused by wall shear. The high entropy production of the runner concentrated on the shroud, hub, blade surface, and blade trailing edge, while entropy production caused by wall shear is concentrated on blade pressure surface and shroud near blades when the turbine strays from optimal operating condition.
Numerical study on the influence of the bucket offset angle on the flow field of Pelton turbines with six-nozzles
Authors: Wang Xiao-Dong , Wang Wen-Quan , Yang Jia-Fu , Zhang Chang-Bing , Cao Wen-Zhe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pelton turbines are emerging as a primary means for exploiting ultra-high water head resources. The hydraulic performance of a Pelton turbine is determined by the design of its runner/bucket. Among the critical parameters that affect the hydraulic performance of multi-nozzle Pelton turbines is the bucket offset angle (α). To investigate the influence of bucket offset angle on the flow field of Pelton turbines with six nozzles, this study conducted unsteady numerical simulations of gas-liquid two-phase flow for various bucket offset angles, employing the VOF multiphase model combined with the SST k-ω turbulence model. The results reveal that as the bucket offset angle increases, the axial width of the water sheet formed by the current jet progressively widens, with a tendency to catch up with the water film formed by the previous jet during the torque rising stage. Moreover, the increased bucket offset angle causes the water sheet to distribute more closely to the bucket cutout, raising the risk of leakage from the cutout. Notably, at α= 10°, some of the water sheet has already flowed out of the cutout and collided with the subsequent jet.