bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Changes in PTSD and in a Subgroup of PTSD Patients not Responding to EMDR Psychotherapy [P03-58]
Authors: Pagani M. , Nardo D. , Flumeri F. , Salmaso D. , Looi J. , Sanchez-Crespo A. , Larsson S.A. , Sundin Ö. , Högberg G. , Bejerot S. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Several studies have reported limbic structures volume decrease in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, in PTSD the effect of therapy on brain structures has seldom been investigated. the aim of the study was to evaluate the grey matter (GM) loss in occupational related PTSD and to assess the volumetric differences between patients responding (R) and non-responding (NR) to psychotherapy.Methods:Pre-EMDR MRI data of 21 train drives who did develop PTSD (S) and 22 who did not develop PTSD (NS) after person-under-the-train accidents were compared. Within S further comparisons were made between 10 R to Eye Movement Desensitisation Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and 5 NR. Data were analysed by optimised voxel-based morphometry as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping.Results:As compared to NS, S showed a significant GM volume reduction in precuneus, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. the R>NR comparison highlighted a significant GM reduction in NR in bilateral posterior cingulate, left middle frontal cortex and right parahippocampal, insular and temporal cortices.Conclusions:Comparing two large groups of subjects significant GM volumetric reductions were found in PTSD in posterior limbic structures. NR showed, as compared to R, volume reduction in cortical structures including posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortex. These latter two structures seem to be the hallmark for both PTSD diagnosis and therapy outcome prediction.
Dance Movement Therapy of Patients with Hypochondriasis
Authors: Zharikova A. 
Published: March 2009

The clinical estimation of efficiency of dance movement therapy (DMT) at treatment of patients with hypochondriasis (F 45.2 in ICD-10) was a objective of this research.Research joined 26 females, middle age was 34,6 years, patients did not receive accompanying pharmacotherapy.For an estimation of clinical efficiency were used: Simptom Checklist-90, revised (SCL-90-R), Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), Individually-typological personal questionnaire (ITQ) and questionnaire Level of the subjective control (LSC).Results of research have shown that the reduction on a subscale of somatization in CSL-90-R has constituted 78%. on CGI scale 42,7% had considerable improvement of a condition, in 34,3% moderate improvement was marked, in 15,7% cases - minimum and 7,3% did not have any changes in a condition. the mean score reduction on HDRS was 54%, on HAS -40%. in a profile of the person (ITQ) difference in orientation and polarisation of tendencies "sensitivity-spontaneity" has essentially decreased and consequently the probability of somatization of frustration has decreased. According to the LSC test subjective control has grown both within the limits of own person, and in formation of a significant environment, that reflects depression of situational anxiety.Thus, DMT is effective enough, is well transferred and can be used in the form of monotherapy of patients with hypochondriasis.
Assessing Response to Cognitive-behavioral Group Therapy for Panic Disorder with Comorbid Mood Disorders
Authors: Heldt E. , Salum G.A. , Blaya C. , Kipper L. , Manfro G.G. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To evaluate the response to group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBGT) for panic disorder (PD) in patients with and without comorbid mood disorders (MD).Method:A total of 113 patients took part in 12 CBGT sessions for PD. the diagnoses of PD and comorbid MD (depression and/or dysthymia) were established using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Outcome measures were assessed by Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Hamilton-Anxiety and Panic Inventory. Remission was considered when CGI ≤ 2 and there was absence of panic attacks.Results:One-hundred patients (91%) completed the CBGT protocol and 37(32.7%) patients had PD with comorbid MD. at the end of the treatment, 41 (36.3%) patients met criteria for symptom remission. the remission rates were 47.4% in patients without MD versus 13.5% in patients presenting with comorbid MD (RR = 3.50; IC95%[1.5 to 8.19]; p < 0.001). both groups showed significant improvement on all clinical outcomes throughout treatment. A differential effect was identified between those with and those without comorbid MD both in the CGI (pgroup x time = 0.020) and in anticipatory anxiety (pgroup x time = 0.017).Conclusions:Panic patients without MD improved better to CBGT than those with MD. Maybe more sessions regarding depression should be added to the protocol in this subgroup of patients with MD. However, given that there is a general reduction of PD symptoms in all patients, CBGT must not be excluded.
Utility of Personality Measurement in the Recovery from Surgery
Authors: Cardoso-Moreno M. , Ramos-Fuentes M.I. , Vaz-Leal F.J. , Rodriguez-Santos L. , Blanco G. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:The aim of this study was to asses the impact of different psychological and/or biological effects in the recovery from surgery.Methods:The sample was composed of 42 patients waiting for a surgical intervention. Patients with cognitive impairment were removed from the sample. Prior to surgical intervention (48 to 72 hours), patients were administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (Millon, 1986) and salivary cortisol were measured 24 hours before surgery. Following surgical intervention, recovery was coded as good or poor accordingly to Moix et als criteria (1995). Dietary intake, resting and sleeping hours, as well as the existence of fever, perceived pain and related surgery complications were daily registered and controlled for.Results:The cortisol values were increased in patients with high score in Histrionic Scale (t = 2.10, p = 0.043). There was a significant relation between personality, cortisol and recovery. the patients with low score in Dependent Scale (t = 2.33, p = 0.029), Histrionic Scale ( t = 2.51, p = 0.020), Alcohol Dependence Scale (t = 2.01, p = 0.049), Drug Dependence Scale (t = 2.08, p = 0.050) and cortisol show better recovery from surgery.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that psychological factors and levels of cortisol may have a critical rol in post-operatory recovery. Taking these data into account, it seems necessary to assess psychopathology on a regular basis in all the patients waiting for surgically interventions.
Prediction of Diagnostic Evolution of Borderline Personality Disorder in Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Fontalba-Navas A. , Pena-Andreu J.M. , Rodriguez-Rosado A. , Rodriguez-Idigoras M.I. , Martinez-Gonzalez J.L. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Along last years psychiatric literature has shown an increased interest about Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) diagnosis. Nevertheless, few studies in large samples has been developed in our country. This study is a part of a main research: Personality Disorders in Andalusian Community. Diagnostic evolution and its link with use of health services.Objectives:•To study BPD diagnosis in Andalusian inpatients throughout the last 10 years.•To establish a predictive model analyzing the BPD diagnostic evolution.Method:The information has been obtained from the Basic Information Minimum Set: A record of admissions (with clinical and demographic variables) registered in the Andalusian population. We made an observational naturalistic study about the number of inpatients with BPD diagnosis, and an analytical study (Linear Regression) to determine the trend marked in the last years about evolution in the diagnosis of inpatients with Personality Disorders (PD).Results:The number of total psychiatric admissions was 99444 (64968 inpatients): 10755 records had a Personality Disorder (PD) diagnosis.The number of patients with BPD diagnosis has increased from 75 in 1995 to 340 in 2004 (11,8% to 26,13% over percentage of PD). the linear regression had a thread of 0,95, with a determination coefficient of 91,6% (standard error 0,34), with statistical significance (p = 0,00), establishing a prediction linear model about the increase of inpatients with BPD diagnosis.Conclusions:1.The number of inpatients with BPD diagnosis in Andalusia is increasing over last years.2.The model predicts a growing of BPD diagnosis along next years.
Comparison of Coping Strategies and Emotional Intelligence in Borderline Personality Disorder and Normal Subjects
Authors: Jamilian H. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:The goal of the study was to compare coping strategies and emotional intelligence of patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (B.P.D.) and those of normal subjects in Arak city (2007 - 2008).Method:40 patients (20 male and 20 female) with B.P.D. and 40 normal subjects (20 male and 20 female) participated in the study. All 80 subjects were assessed using the Millon clinical multiaxial - III, coping strategies questionnaire, and emotional quotient. the method of the research was case-control; data were analyzed by t-student test and regression.Results and conclusion:The results showed that patients with B.P.D. mainly used ineffective coping strategies such as escape-avoidance strategy in comparison with the normal subjects. Additionally the patients with B.P.D. used positive reappraisal, planful problem solving, and seeking social support less than the normal subjects, and their emotional intelligence was low. There were no significant differences between the emotional intelligence and applying coping strategies of male and female patients. Furthermore the study showed that there is a positive correlation between the applying effective coping strategies and emotional intelligence.
Personality Characters as a Predictor of Tendency to Addiction
Authors: Nikpour G.A. , Homayouni A. , Khanmohammadi A. , Amiri S.J. Mosavi 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:The aim of this research is to test this question that are there specific personality characters that lead to addiction?Method:Method research is causative-comparative (Ex post facto). 153 addicted people and 153 nonaddicted people were randomly selected and MoKoly's Characterlogy Inventory (MCI) was administered on them.The inventory assess personality based on eight characters: sanguine, indifferent, nervous, indolent, indignant, passionate, sentimentee, amorphous.Results:Findings showed addicted people are much more indifferent, sanguine and passionate than nonaddicted people.Conclusion:In regard to people with these characters are much more at risk, they should be trained with special plans and be cared so that tendency to addiction in them decrease or control.
Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents - Personality Traits in the Adolescents and in the Parents
Authors: Ramos V. , Leal I. , Maroco J. 
Published: March 2009

The research goal is to describe and characterize the psychological dynamics of the adolescents diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and their parents, observing the dominant personality styles in adolescents with BPD and the personality traits of the parents (mother and father).Considering that recent studies underline the importance of family interactions in the pathogenesis of BPD we will analyze the relation between personality characteristics of the adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder and the parents’ personality traits.The exploratory and comparative study has a sample comprised of 21 adolescents (11 boys and 10 girls) with ages between 16 and 18 years old, observed in child mental health services and 34 parents (N = 55).Adolescents will be assessed with the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) and the parents with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III).The results showed that the parents obtained high mean scores in the Compulsive and Narcissistic Personality Traits. the adolescents showed high mean scores on the Unruly, Forceful and Egotistic personality styles scales.The studies on BPD have some limitations, namely the fact that they normally observe the adult population, with fewer research dedicated to adolescents.We consider that there is a need to search for the aetiological factors of the disorder and possible developmental patterns and if it is a personality disorder research should look to the personality traits of the adolescents and to their relational environment as a way to overcome those limitations.
Pharmacotherapy of Borderline Personality Disorder: a Metaanalysis of Randomised Controlled Trials [P03-87]
Authors: Stoffers J. , Völlm B. , Rücker G. , Timmer A. , Lieb K. 
Published: March 2009

Background:In Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), pharmacotherapy is used for the treatment of specific BPD pathology facets, such as cognitive-perceptual, affective, or impulsivity symptoms. Due to the polymorphic phenomenology of the disorder, different classes of drugs are used, e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, or mood stabilizers.Aims:To evaluate the up-to-date evidence of drug treatment efficacy for BPD.Method:A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials was done. All randomised comparisons of drug vs. placebo, drug vs. drug, or drug vs. a combination of drugs in adult BPD patients were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes comprised BPD core pathology as depicted by DSM criteria, associated pathology, i.e., depression and anxiety, general measures of overall psychopathology severity and mental health status, tolerability, and adverse effects. with support of the Cochrane Collaboration, a thorough search was conducted to identify both published and unpublished trials. the findings were scrutinized by two reviewers independently.Results:Twenty-six trials were included, investigating first- and second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and omega-3 fatty acids.Conclusion:Findings indicate beneficial effects for all classes of drugs investigated, and suggest mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotic agents as first-line treatments for BPD due to their efficacy in the treatment of different domains of BPD and associated pathology. However, psychotherapeutic treatment should clearly be targeted at predefined specific symptoms.
5-HT and Aggression: New Data
Authors: Tsopelas C. , Kapsali F. , Tsetsou S. , Aggeli A. , Kardaras K. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Growing evidence points to the conclusion that biological factors do predispose some individuals towards violent behavior. Contemporary research suggests that serotonin is a neurotransmitter associated with expressed aggression, challenging the concept of a person's knowledge of right or wrong and the free will to choose between the two.Methods:Thorough research of the main databases (Medline, Embase, Psychinfo), and web search engines such as Goggle, Lycos for relevant studies, agencies and organizations, interested in neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT), aggression, hostility, violence and violent behaviour issues.Results:The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the modulation of aggression in animals and humans. the 5-HT system seems to be involved in either the performance or the termination of aggressive behaviours. So although an association with serotonin and aggression appears to be present, it isn't clear the way of this association or the expression of the interplay of the genes with the individuals’ environment. Genes and environment appears to be in a dynamic interplay that concludes in the observed behaviour.Conclusions:A longstanding dogma that aggression and serotonergic activity are inversely related has to be abandoned in light of many new findings. Trait and state aggression are differentially regulated by the 5-HT system and different 5-HT receptors seem to be involved. We are still far from understanding the complex role played by the serotonergic system in the modulation of a complex set of behaviors like aggression.
Anxiety Disorders in the Elderly: Sub-diagnosis and Sub-treatment
Authors: Castro L.C. , Salgado T. , Simões M. , Paz C. , Ribeiro O. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Although anxiety disorders prevalence and incidence decline in later life, anxiety is a major health problem for the elderly. Epidemiology, neurobiology, and treatment of anxiety disorders are poorly studied in the geriatric population. Nevertheless, anxiety has a high impact on functional status and health-related quality of life.Aim:To underline the significant impact of anxiety in the elderly. to discuss the sub-diagnosis and sub-treatment of late-life anxiety and subclinical symptoms.Methods:Literature Review. MEDLINE and PubMed databases searches for peer-reviewed studies, published between 1998 and 2008, using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms anxiety, anxiety disorders and old age.Results:There are few studies in the literature addressing this topic. Late-life anxiety has a high prevalence and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, functional impairment, poorer quality of life and significant societal costs. Clinical studies show that most cases of anxiety disorders in late life are undetected and under-treated. Intervention research in late-life anxiety disorders is lacking.Conclusions:It is extremely important and urgent a more efficacious assessment and management of anxiety disorders in the elderly. It is also fundamental an increased attention to subtreshold anxiety, which will allow an earlier intervention and prevention of new cases of anxiety disorders. Well designed interventions will be capable of reducing the burden, morbidity and incidence of late-life anxiety.
Subjective Memory Complaints and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Simoes M. , Castro L.C. , Ribeiro O. , Salgado T. , Paz C. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC) are common in clinical practice. the clinical significance of these subjective complaints among older individuals is not well understood.Aim:To study and discuss the association between SMC and MCI, underlining the importance of an adequate clinical assessment of SMC in the elderly.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:There is no consistent definition of SMC in the literature. Some prospective studies showed an association with objective memory impairments, conceptualizing SMC as a Pre-Mild Cognitive Impairment. SMC are also currently considered to be a core feature of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies showed conflicting results concerning the association between SMC and MCI.Discussion:The understanding of the predictive value of SMC in cognitive decline is still poorly understood. It is important to define criteria aimed to increase specificity of memory complaints, allowing an earlier identification of populations with higher risk of MCI. Future research on this complex association is important to identify SMC individuals at increased risk of conversion to MCI and dementia.
Evolution of Psychiatric Admissions for Dementia in the Last Decade
Authors: Touzon R. , Rico-Villademoros P. , Garnica E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To describe the admissions due to dementia in an acute psychiatric unit in the last decade, in patients aged over seventy.Method:Medical records of all patients over seventy admitted in an acute unit of a Psychiatric Hospital in 1997 and 2007 are analyzed.Results:Over the last ten years, the percentage of patients diagnosed with dementia compared to the total number of patients over seventy admitted in this acute unit, has hardly decreased.Conclusions:Despite the fact that in the last decade neurologists have widespread the use of various drugs in the treatment of dementia, the number of patients admitted to our psychiatric unit, in order to control the accompanying symptoms (delusions, abnormal conduct, etc), remains stable.Moreover, given the progressive aging of the population and the consequent increase in the number of cases of dementia among the elderly population, perhaps the fact that the number of admissions in the unit has not increased is positive itself.
Description of the Admissions of Elderly Psychiatric Patients in an Acute Unit
Authors: Rico-Villademoros P. , Touzon R. , Garnica E. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To describe the characteristics of the admission of those older than 70 in the past year, in an acute psychiatric care unit.Method:Medical records of all over 70 patients admitted in our unit during 2007 are reviewed to find out their diagnosis, how many are first admissions and their average stay time, and this is compared to general average stay time for this unit.Results:About 10% of patients admitted to this unit is more than 70. the most frequent diagnosis is depression, followed by bipolar disorder, dementia, psychosis and other diagnoses. Nearly half of all these patients are in their first admission. the average stay of these patients is twice that of the total patients admitted to this unit.Conclusion:Despite the fact that in some places the number of admissions of elderly patients is not considered enough to justify the creation of specific units, objectively their admissions are frequent and their average stay time is much higher than usual. This is probably both the difficulty of drug treatment and social problems that sometimes hampers their discharging. as the elderly population is increasing, we believe that treating these people in specific units should be reconsidered.
Three Cases of Abulia in the Elderly: A Call to Care
Authors: Kakoullis A. , D'Souza G. , Hegde N. , Tadros G. 
Published: March 2009

The symptom of abulia is a state of diminished motivation where an individual may appear apathetic, disinterested, asocial and emotionally remote. It can exist independently but more commonly occurs as part of a constellation of symptoms accompanying a specific disorder, normally neurological or psychiatric. Although it is not a normal part of ageing, it has been observed in a number of conditions seen in later life. These include Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia. Abulia and depression are separate entities but abulic patients are often thought to be depressed and experience long periods of anti-depressant treatment without benefit. the key difference is that abulic patients fail to disclose any sign of sadness or negative thoughts and show an obvious lack of concern for their condition.Abulia has significant clinical implications as it is associated with decreased function, poor prognosis and worse carer stress. It is also potentially treatable. the pharmacological agents that have received the most attention are dopaminergic drugs including Carbidopa/Levodopa, Amantadine, Bupropion and Bromocriptine. the research predominantly consists of case reports but no studies have focussed on the elderly. in this paper, the authors review the current literature and describe three cases of abulia in older people that have been successfully treated with Bromocriptine. the cases highlight the importance of recognising abulia and differentiating it from depression. They also show the need to consider treatment.