bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Standardized Groundwater Index (SGI): A Case Study of Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumari Shomya 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Groundwater is an important natural freshwater reserve on which billions of habitants depend for their diverse utilisation. Global water demand has far exceeded the total available water resources which in turn have put a serious concern on food security. India, is one of the largest agricultural user of groundwater in the world where there has been a large scale revolutionary shift from surface water management to a widespread groundwater abstraction. Increased industrialisation, rapid population growth, climate change, changes in the land use and land cover, has influenced the extensive use of groundwater which simultaneously affects the groundwater level. Groundwater drought occurs when this groundwater level falls below the critical level. In the present study, analysis of groundwater drought of the state of Bihar, India, has been conducted using a drought index called Standardized Groundwater Index (SGI) and the spatial and temporal distribution of SGI has been reflected using GIS approach. The rainfall and groundwater data of 38 districts of Bihar from 2002-2019 has been used and the data was divided seasonally into pre- monsoon, monsoon, post- monsoon and winter seasons. Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) norms have been considered for division of seasons. Further, the trend analysis of groundwater level data of all districts of Bihar for all seasons were studied using Mann-Kendall test statistics and Thein Sen’s slope estimator. The results of SGI spatial and temporal distribution showed that districts namely Aurangabad, Gaya, Buxar, Bhojpur, Kishanganj, Katihar, Kaimur, Rohtas, Nawada, Saran Chappra, Siwan, Samastipur, Supaul are prone to the critical groundwater drought condition. The trend analysis results showed that 45% of the districts were showing decline in the groundwater level particularly in pre-monsoon season.
Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and Precipitation Trend of Lower Vellar basin, Tamil Nadu, India and its Impact on 2015 Flood
Authors: M. Subbulakshmi , Nanda Sachikanta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Flood is the most destructive disaster which causes loss of human life and the economy. Recently Tamil Nadu has been facing floods frequently. Chennai and Cuddalore districts were affected heavily by the 2015 flood. Cuddalore district comes under the lower vellar basin. This research aims to determine the change in land use land cover and rainfall trend of the lower vellar basin and its impact on flood. The Land use land cover map was prepared for the lower vellar basin for a temporal variation of 5 years for 2005, 2010, and 2015 using remote sensing data (Landsat images) and software (Arc GIS and ERDAS). The settlement has increased, and barren Land has reduced. However, there is no significant change in Waterbodies, forests, littoral swamps and plantations. Daily precipitation data of 30 years are collected, and trend analysis is done using Mann-Kendall (MK) method. Out of the 11 rain gauge stations, 4 stations show a positive precipitation trend. The settlement in 2015 was nearly 2% only in the total area, showing a sustainable land use development. Compared to precipitation, land use and land cover change has minimum effect on the flood.
Spatial Vulnerability Investigation by Morphotectonic Analysis of the Mandakini River Basin near Kedarnath, Uttarakhand, India using SRTM DEM in a GIS Platform and GPS Data
Authors: Sahu Siba Sundar , Bhattacharjee Niladri 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Tectonomorphic study was carried out to evaluate the intensity of tectonic activity in and around the Mandakini River basin (1330 sq. km area) near Kedarnath. The area has witnessed several vulnerable landslides and devastating floods in the recent past. Quantitative parameters such as Bifurcation Ratio (BR), Asymmetry Factor (AF), Valley floor width Index (Vf), Hypsometric Integral (HI), Stream-length gradient Index (SL index), Sinuosity Index (Sp) and two qualitative parameters such as drainage orientation survey and the hypsometric curve is used to evaluate the spatial tectonomorphic susceptibility of the different watersheds of the Mandakini River basin. High BR, medium to high AF and low Vf show a very high vulnerability mostly close to MCT. High Sp and medium HI values are linked with continuous tectonic disturbances followed by erosion. High SL index demarcates high tectonic instability along different portions of streams which is prone to tectonic perturbation. The Index of Relative Active Tectonic also suggests variability in tectonic activities varies from very high tectonic activity to high tectonic activity. Regional geology and lower-order stream orientation survey of the study area revealed that the initial NE-SW shortening direction of the Himalayan orogeny is rotated to the N-S direction in the later stage. The resulting deformation style is expressed by the NW–SE and NE–SW striking lineaments and WNW–ESE striking thrust dipping moderately toward the north. Processed GPS data shows the rotation of the maximum principal compression direction and resultant readjustment of strains are linked with the revolving of the Indian Plate in the anticlockwise direction which is responsible for the orientation of different discontinuities, developing maximum shear stress conditions, weak internal friction and negligible resistance by low-strength rock. The present tectonic setup of the Kedarnath region is highly susceptible to devastating floods and vulnerable landslides.
Estimation of Compression Index of Cohesive-Frictional Soil in Southwest Delhi District Using Statistical Correlations
Authors: Chatterjee Shashwata , Sultana Parbin , S. Jayalekshmi , Ralli Rohit 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Oedometer tests for the determination of compression index are time-consuming and need to be meticulously performed. Hence, empirical equations need to be formulated to predict the value of the compression index. In the current study, regression models have been developed based on correlation studies for lightly overconsolidated cohesive-frictional soil obtained from a site in the Southwest Delhi district, India. Statistical analyses have been performed on 80 observations from consolidation tests conducted on the samples retrieved from 58 boreholes. Based on the correlation analyses, it is found that the existing empirical correlations estimate the compression index erroneously. So, formulating an empirical equation for the study area is important. The soil properties, such as natural water content and liquid limit, are unsuitable variables to predict the compression index. These findings are not consonant with those of previous research as these engage the mentioned parameters in modelling the compression index. The several univariate and multivariate regression equations developed in this study are tested for validation using the coefficient of determina ion. Among the several regression models examined, the logarithmic equation of the compression index contributes to accurate prediction.
Delineation of Shale Gas Play from Non-Pay Zones Using Elastic and Mechanical Properties of Organic-Rich Shales, Southern Punjab Platform, Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Perveiz , Raza Irfan , Ehsan Muhammad Irfan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Energy demand has increased due to socio-economic development, and depletion in conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Due to this, unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs have received considerable attention. Among the variety of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, shale gas is the most significant unconventional alternate energy resource. The Cretaceous organic-rich shales of Sembar Formation are considered a shale gas play however the composition and mineralogy of these shales are extremely heterogeneous in the central parts of the Indus basin, especially in the southern extent of the Punjab Platform. The primary objective of the research is to employ petrophysical analysis to characterize shales to assess their potential for shale gas exploration. To estimate various petrophysical parameters, this study utilizes wire-well logs acquired from the J-01 well. The findings reveal that total organic content (TOC) and kerogen volume are present in significant volume, indicating the shale’s viability as a shale gas play. To evaluate shale brittleness (B) and to differentiate between ductile and brittle behavior, elastic parameters including acoustic impedance, elastic moduli, and Poisson’s ratio (PR) are computed. The cross plot of Young’s modulus and PR indicates elevated brittleness values, pointing to brittle behavior of these shales favorable conditions for fracking and horizontal drilling. Moreover, a set of three logs – neutron porosity log, bulk density log, and gamma-ray log – were used for facies modeling and identification of different lithologies. The facies modeling effectively discriminate shale intervals from other lithologies, demonstrating higher porosity and density. As a result, the organic-rich shale intervals within the Sembar Formation exhibit promising potential as a shale gas play in the southern Punjab Platform.
Spatio-temporal Change in the Glaciers of Astore Basin (North-Western Himalaya), between 2016 and 2021 using Sentinel-2 Satellite Data
Authors: Gul Rahman , Khan Saad , Baig Siddique Ullah , Bibi Sidra 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
About 2400 kilometers long Himalayan region hosts thousands of glaciers which covers about 40,000 km2 as per last update in September 2021. Estimation of snout variation positioning, statistical analysis of climate trends, and the Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) of most of the glaciers is challenging due to the rough terrain, higher altitudes and scarcity of spatio-temporal field observations. Moreover, without the climatic data and separating contour between glacier’s accumulation and ablation zones, estimation of the net variation in glacier mass loss or gain over a fixed year, leads to ambiguous results. Therefore, a quarterly trend analysis was carried out on climate data (temperature and precipitation ) and river discharge to evaluate the climate pattern in the Astore Basin. Moreover, this study uses the accumulation area ratio, AAR (0.6 ±0.5) (used for high-altitude mountain glaciers), and accumulation area balance ratio, AABR (2.24 ±0.9) with an interval of 0.05 and 0.01 to estimate ELAs, respectively. The results show that the Bazhin glacier retreat (-2.1 km²) as compared to the Chhongpher (-1.1 km²) and Chongra (-1.2 km²) glaciers. A maximum retreat of the snout position of Bazhin glacier was 1595 m , 3260 m in Chhongpher glacier, and 960 m in Chongra glacier. An increase in the ratio of annual AAR from 0.4 to 0.8 results in reductions of the accumulation area of three major glaciers in the study area. We conclude that the largest glaciers (e.g. Bazhin, Chhongpher and Chongra) stretched between lower to higher altitudes are likely to be more vulnerable, due to the highest AAR and AABR values reported between 5000-5600 meters above sea level (masl). However, the ice-lost estimates vary greatly depending on their three-dimensional surfaces.
A comparative study of clinical profile of diabetic tuberculosis patients with non diabetic tuberculosis patients of outpatient department of tertiary healthcare centre
Authors: Chikhalikar Prachi , Bansode M. V. , Paritekar Anita , Bafna Varun 
Published: June 2024

Background: The global increase in type 2 DM is recognized re-emerging risk and challenge to TB control in India. TB-T2D association is again at the frontline of risk factors for TB, with an estimated worldwide population attributable fraction of 34.5%. T2D not only increases TB risk 3-fold, but also TB treatment failure including death. And prognosis of diabetic tuberculosis patients as compared to non diabetic ones is poorer.
Methods: An comparative analytical study was done in microbiologically confirmed 50 diabetic and 50 non diabetic TB patients registered in RNTCP OPD of tertiary healthcare hospital who were followed up for 3 months.
Results: In our study we found that elderly (above 65 age group) male diabetic patients were affected more with tuberculosis as compared to young patients and data was statistically significant. Extrapulmonary involvement was seen more in diabetic patients as compared to non diabetic patients. Radiologically diabetic tuberculosis patient showed predominantly lower lobe of lung involvement as oppose to non diabetic tuberculosis patients who showed upper lobe of lung involvement and data was statistically significant. Outcomes like Multidrug Resistance and prolonged sputum positivity after intensive phase treatment was seen more with diabetic tuberculosis patients but this was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Early screening of TB patients for DM and vice versa and early initiation of treatment will prevent unfavourable outcomes of these patients.
Anesthetic management of broncho- alveolar lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A case report
Authors: Sarvesh S P S Abinav , Gaiwal Sucheta , Prasad Nimitha 
Published: June 2024

: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a very rare, life threatening, noninflammatory, diffuse lung disorder characterized by dense accumulation of lipo-proteinaceous material within the alveoli causing hypoxemia, restrictive lung disease leading to respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is considered as the treatment of choice which includes infusing warm saline in the lungs and draining it out with the lipo-porteinaceous materials thereby clearing the obstruction. WLL requires good team co-ordination between the anaesthesiologists, pulmonologists and physiotherapists. The procedural course is challenging in many aspects like hypoxaemia and hemodynamic fluctuations. Post procedure short term mechanical ventilation is commonly required.: A 45 year old female, diagnosed case of PAP presented with dyspnea at rest with increasing oxygen requirement. After clinical examination and investigations, due to severity of the disease, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of left lung was planned with subsequent right lung BAL after few days. During the procedure, desaturation upto 78% was noted. With meticulous corrective measures, saturation picked up and the procedure was completed uneventfully. Post-operatively patient was mechanically ventilated and extubated after 32 hours.: WLL is the treatment of choice for PAP which involves multidisciplinary approach with mulitple challenges. Pre-oxygenation, adequate lung isolation with left sided double lumen tube (DLT), one lung ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), vigilant intra-operative monitoring, cautious use of positional manoeuvres and recruitment manoeuvres with a good teamwork is the key for successful outcome.
Cephalosporins in pediatrics: Navigating antimicrobial resistance impact and adverse effects – A comprehensive review
Authors: Mathew Midhun , Verma Aanya , Gigi Godwin Geo , Patil Harsh , Shaikh Arshan 
Published: June 2024

Antibiotic overuse and abuse are the primary causes of microbial resistance and the rise in healthcare costs, and human factors such as abuse, and misuse have accelerated the spread of AMR. Cephalosporin drugs are the most commonly administered drugs to pediatric populations due to their high efficacy and low side effect profile. This study aims to assess which class of antibiotic is mostly used the prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin use in pediatric patients and its impact on the development of resistance. A PubMed database and reference lists of pertinent research on antibiotic usage, antimicrobial resistance, and prescription use of cephalosporin medicines were used to search the English-language literature. The publications linked here were retrospective, prospective studies using empiric antibiotic therapy for paediatric patients. A review of relevant literature confirms that Cephalosporins are more prioritized than Penicillins due to their low toxicity and high safety effect, and their higher stability to beta-lactamases. Third-generation cephalosporins are more commonly used in the pediatric population, leading to resistance development and adverse effects such as pseudolithiasis and reversible cholelithiasis. Ceftriaxone has the potential to precipitate ceftriaxone-calcium salts complex in the lungs and kidneys and can cause allergic reactions (Skin Manifestations), gastrointestinal problems, haematological abnormalities, and gallbladder resolution deficit. Ceftriaxone-induced urticaria, rash, exanthema, and pruritus are the most common adverse effects. According to studies, the usage of third-generation cephalosporins in pediatric patients is increasing dramatically, which may play a role in the development of resistance and increased risk of production of unwanted reactions such as dermal allergies and other side effects. To reduce the dangers associated with cephalosporin usage, it is critical to follow proper prescription guidelines and prevent inappropriate or extended use of antibiotics. This can be reduced by utilizing narrower-spectrum antibiotics where necessary.
Breaking bald: Unraveling the mysteries of hair loss and modern treatments
Authors: Rathi Karishma , Pingat Priyanka , Bhole Ritesh , Mishra Swara , Singh Subhashini 
Published: June 2024

Alopecia, commonly known as hair loss, presents a multifaceted challenge affecting millions worldwide. Recent advances in hair loss treatment and prevention offer hope to individuals grappling with this condition. This comprehensive overview delves into the causes of hair loss, encompassing genetics, hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, stress, and underlying medical conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has also revealed unique patterns of hair loss i.e., telogen effluvium, prompting ongoing research and therapeutic exploration.Current treatment options, including medications like minoxidil and finasteride, surgical interventions such as hair transplants, and non-surgical techniques like laser therapy and platelet-rich plasma therapy, are examined in detail. While effective, these treatments come with limitations and potential side effects, necessitating careful consideration.Looking ahead, researchers are exploring innovative approaches to combat hair loss, from targeted medications to gene therapies and stem cell-based interventions. Advanced delivery methods using nanotechnology and biomaterials hold promise for more effective and safer solutions in the future.Recognizing the psychological impact of hair loss, this review emphasizes the importance of addressing the emotional aspects of this condition to enhance overall patient well-being. The future holds the potential for more holistic and successful treatments in the ongoing battle against hair loss, offering optimism to those seeking solutions.
Prevalence and patterns of mite allergy in bronchial asthma patients visiting a tertiary care centre
Authors: Patel Bhaveshkumar Manilal , Chakravarti Chiragkumar Hasmukhbhai , Dsilva Jerin James , Shah Arti Dhawal , Jain Medha , Naik Parshwa Ramesh , Patel Princee Rashminbhai 
Published: June 2024

Among obstructive respiratory conditions asthma has been frequently affecting individuals from all age groups. Events that lead to an asthma attack is an interplay of multifactorial factors between host and the environment. Earlier evidences have indicated that aeroallergens play a major role in the pathogenesis of asthma and needs further probing.To identify the most common mites causing allergy and its prevalence in patients with bronchial asthma using skin prick test.The study population included in this study were cases diagnosed as Bronchial Asthma on spirometry basis. The cases underwent a detailed history, physical examination, routine investigations and a Skin Prick Test (SPT). SPT for aeroallergens was done using CREDISOL kit and the reaction was observed in 15 mins, wheal diameters more than 3 mm were recorded as sensitization to the allergen and interpreted accordingly.The prevalence of Mite allergy was observed more in females when compared to males. Most common House Dust mite was found to be Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (72.5%) followed by Dermatophagoides farinae (66.25%) and Blomia tropicalis (61.25%). Different patterns of sensitisation were observed. Either to a single mite, any two mites and all three mites.: The study concluded that D. pteronyssinus was the most common allergen in the study population of Bronchial Asthma.
Role of platelet rich plasma therapy in the treatment of alopecia areata and atrophic acne scars
Authors: Gabani Amisha Ravjibhai , Manjunath Sumana , Popat Jiya Vijaykumar , Vora Deval Nitinbhai , Patel Ravindrakumar Vishnubhai 
Published: June 2024

Alopecia areata and atrophic acne scars are conditions that significantly impact patients' quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality due to its high concentration of growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PRP in alopecia areata and acne scars. This was a prospective observational study conducted on 50 patients each of alopecia areata and atrophic acne scars treated with intradermal PRP injections at monthly intervals for 6 months. Alopecia areata severity was assessed using a SALT score. Acne scars were graded as per Goodman and Baron's quantitative scar grading system. In alopecia areata patients, the mean SALT score reduced significantly from 35±6 at baseline to 22±3 at 6 months post-treatment (p&#60;0.001). At the study's conclusion, 66% of patients had complete hair regrowth, while 20% had partial and 14% had no regrowth. Higher grade 3 and 4 scars reduced significantly from 86% to 8% (p&#60;0.001). For acne scars, patients with grade 1 scars increased from 0% to 74% after PRP therapy. Mild adverse effects like pain and erythema were seen.PRP therapy showed statistically significant improvement in SALT scores in alopecia areata and acne scar grades over 6 months. It was well-tolerated. PRP can be considered an effective, safe, and economic treatment modality for chronic alopecia areata and atrophic acne scars with sustained benefits.