bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update of CCPS book “guidelines to evaluating vapor cloud explosion, pressure vessel burst, BLEVE and flash fire hazards”
Authors: Baker Quentin A. , Pierorazio Adrian J. , Woodward John L. , Tang Ming Jun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe first edition of the CCPS book Guidelines to Evaluating Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires and BLEVEs was published in 1994. The second edition was completed in October 2010. It is a major revision of the Guideline with contents completely reorganized, recent research results added, revised and new prediction methods inserted, with sample problems worked for each prediction method. The treatment of pressure vessel burst was expanded and placed in a dedicated chapter, resulting in a new name for the second edition of the Guideline. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011.
Evaluation of offline analysis of archived three‐dimensional volume datasets in the diagnosis of fetal brain abnormalities
Authors: Salman M. M. , Twining P. , Mousa H. , James D. , Momtaz M. , Aboulghar M. , El‐Sheikhah A. , Bugg G. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the reliability of offline manipulation of archived three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound volumes in the assessment of the normal fetal brain and the diagnosis of fetal brain abnormalities.MethodsSeventy‐nine 3D volume datasets, archived at the time of scanning, from women attending a tertiary center, were analyzed. They comprised 52 cases with brain abnormalities and 27 normal controls. Postnatal magnetic resonance imaging or postmortem examination confirmed the final diagnosis in all cases with brain anomalies. Offline analysis of the 79 anonymized 3D volume datasets was carried out by three fetal medicine experts, examiner one (E1), examiner two (E2) and examiner three (E3), using 4D View software. The experts were blinded to any prior diagnosis or history. Data were collected on a specially designed data sheet and entered into a specialized database for analysis. Results were compared between examiners, with the initial two‐dimensional (2D) diagnosis and with the final definitive diagnosis by calculation of percentage agreement and kappa coefficients.ResultsOf the 52 cases with brain anomalies, the correct diagnosis was reached in 88.5% (46/52), 98.1% (51/52) and 92.3% (48/52) of cases on analysis of the 3D volumes by E1, E2 and E3, respectively, whereas only 82.7% (43/52) of cases were correctly diagnosed on the initial 2D examination when compared with the definitive diagnosis. Fetuses without brain anomalies were identified as such by the three experts with 100% agreement. There was good agreement between the initial 2D examination and the analysis of 3D volumes by each of the experts: 86.1% for E1 (κ = 0.7), 89.9% for E2 (κ = 0.79) and 88.6% for E3 (κ = 0.76).Conclusions3D volume datasets are an appropriate and reliable format for storing data from examination of the fetal brain. Offline analysis of 3D datasets is a reliable method that can be used to help in the assessment of brain anomalies and could be a useful adjunct to realtime 2D ultrasonography. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cord occlusion followed by laser cord transection in monochorionic monoamniotic discordant twins
Authors: Valsky D. V. , Martinez‐Serrano M.‐J. , Sanz M. , Eixarch E. , Acosta E.‐R. , Martinez J.‐M. , Puerto B. , Gratacós E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of a consecutive case series of monochorionic (MC) monoamniotic (MA) discordant twins treated with umbilical cord occlusion and transection, with those of a cohort of MC diamniotic (DA) twins treated with conventional cord occlusion.MethodsThis study included 17 MCMA twins (12 true MA and five iatrogenic) treated with cord occlusion and transection and a control group of 72 MCDA discordant twins treated during the same period with cord occlusion in a single center. Duration of surgery, rates of preterm delivery (PTD) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) < 32 weeks and intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD), perinatal outcome and neonatal survival were prospectively recorded in both groups.ResultsMedian durations of surgery were 28.5 (range, 14.0–74.0) min and 24.0 (3.0–60.0) min in the cord transection and control groups, respectively (P = 0.24). There were no significant differences between cord transection and control groups in the rates of PPROM (35.3% vs. 20.8%, P = 0.22), PTD (41.2% vs. 28.2%, P = 0.29), IUFD (0% vs. 2.8%, P = 1.0) and neonatal survival (76.5% vs. 80.6%, P = 1.0). Gestational age at delivery (median 35.0 (24.5–39.0) vs. 37.1 (26.2–41.0) weeks, P = 0.21) and fetal birth weight (2215 (800–3200) g vs. 2605 (588–3830) g, P = 0.51) were similar between study groups.ConclusionCord occlusion and transection in MCMA discordant twins resulted in similar perinatal outcomes to those of MCDA discordant twins treated with cord occlusion. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of face processing
Authors: Pascalis Olivier , de Martin de Viviés Xavier , Anzures Gizelle , Quinn Paul C. , Slater Alan M. , Tanaka James W. , Lee Kang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the development of the face‐processing system from birth, during infancy and through childhood, until it becomes the sophisticated system observed in adults. We begin by discussing the following major theoretical issues concerning the development of face expertise: (1) nature versus nurture or the role of experience in face processing, (2) level of processing (i.e., global, basic, subordinate, individual) and expertise, and (3) type of processing (i.e., holistic, configural, featural). This general overview will be followed by a closer examination of individual studies that investigate the development of face processing. These studies will include a review of (1) development of differential processing of faces and objects, (2) development of differential processing of faces of different species, (3) developmental changes in processing facial identity, and (4) developmental changes in the categorization of faces. Our review of the developmental literature reveals early competence in face‐processing abilities with infants presenting a preference for face stimuli and facial discrimination using featural, configural, and holistic cues. This early competence is then later refined as evidenced by age‐related changes throughout childhood. Some of the refinements are likely due to the development of general cognitive abilities, whereas some others may be face‐specific. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 666–675 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.146This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Development and Aging
Agent‐based modeling and biomedical ontologies: a roadmap
Authors: An Gary , Christley Scott 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe translational dilemma represents a foundational challenge for the biomedical research community. Addressing the dilemma will require an enhancement in the throughput capacity of the expression and evaluation of mechanistic hypotheses. Doing so will require the ability to place biomedical knowledge into a format where hypotheses can be readily instantiated such that the dynamics inherent to biological systems can be represented, and also technological enhancement of the generation of such dynamic models. We suggest that the former goal can be approached by using the meta‐structure of agent‐based models (ABMs) to integrate different knowledge hierarchies currently represented with bio‐ontologies and increase the expressiveness of formal knowledge representation to account for mechanistic biological rules. The development of an agent‐based modeling format (ABMF) will provide a bridge between ontological knowledge representation and methods for modeling and simulation (M&S). We further suggest that the latter goal of process enhancement can be targeted by the development of intelligent computational agents that can concatenate bio‐ontologies with M&S ontologies to semiautomate the generation of bio‐simulations. We believe that the application of these two complementary approaches would address the foundational nature of the current throughput bottleneck in the scientific cycle. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 343–356 DOI: 10.1002/wics.167This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Agent-Based Models
Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational and Molecular Biology
Software for Computational Statistics > Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Statistical Models > Simulation Models
Statistics in finance
Authors: Tsay Ruey S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article considers Markov chain simulation and statistical analysis of high‐dimensional financial time series. In particular, we discuss Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, for example, Gibbs sampling and Metropolis‐Hasting algorithm, and multivariate volatility models with applications in finance. Real examples are used to demonstrate statistical applications of the methods discussed in risk management and volatility estimation. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 289–315 DOI: 10.1002/wics.168This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Finance
Smooth tests of goodness of fit
Authors: Rayner J. C. W. , Thas O. , Best D. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSmooth tests of goodness of fit assess the fit of data to a given probability density function within a class of alternatives that differs ‘smoothly’ from the null model. These alternatives are characterized by their order: the greater the order the richer the class of alternatives. The order may be a specified constant, but data‐driven methods use the data to select the order and give tests that are unlikely to miss important effects. When testing for distributions within exponential families the test statistic often has a very convenient form, being the sum of squares of components that are asymptotically independent and asymptotically standard normal. The number of components is strongly related to the order of the alternatives. If the data differ from the null model the components provide diagnostics, giving an indication of how they differ. Outside of exponential families generalized smooth tests incorporating a Cholesky decomposition are needed to obtain test statistics with the convenient form mentioned. Using the components to give moment diagnostics of the alternative is more problematic than thought initially. These may be augmented or replaced by model selection methods that give a smooth model and a graphical depiction of the real model. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 397–406 DOI: 10.1002/wics.171This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Characterization of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) Seed Lipids
Authors: Ciftci Ozan Nazim , Przybylski Roman , Rudzinska Magdalena , Acharya Surya 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe composition and content of lipids, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, tocopherols and sterols in nine fenugreek genotypes were analyzed. Lipid content in fenugreek seeds ranged from 5.8 to 15.2%. Major fatty acids were: linoleic acid (45.1–47.5%), α‐linolenic (18.3–22.8%), oleic (12.4–17.0%), palmitic (9.8–11.2%) and stearic (3.8–4.2%) acids. The ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids were between 2.1 and 2.7. Similar fatty acid distribution was observed in all analyzed samples with some deviations. α‐Tocopherol was the predominant component found in the fenugreek lipid antioxidants, and it constituted over 84% of the total amounts of tocopherols. It amounts ranged from 620 to 910 mg/kg lipids. β‐Sitosterol was the major sterol in all samples, varying from 14,203 to 18,833 mg/kg of lipids. Campesterol and cycloartenol were other major sterols, and these compounds including β‐sitosterol constituted 56–72% of all sterols. Fenugreek seed lipids consisted predominantly triunsaturated (56.9–66.5%) and diunsaturated (32.2–41.6%) triacylglycerides. Among these components trilinolein (LLL; 12.9–20.5%) dominated followed by PLL (14.0–20.4%), LnLnO (7.8–17.7%), PLO (5.7–11.6%), OLL (6.9–10.6%), LLLn (3.2–9.6%), and LnLnL (3.5–7.6%). Results of the study show that fenugreek seed lipids may be a source of a nutraceutical ingredient for food applications.
Magnetic resonance imaging of abnormal ventricular septal motion in heart diseases: a pictorial review
Authors: Méndez Cristina , Soler Rafaela , Rodriguez Esther , López Marisol , Álvarez Lucia , Fernández Noela , Montserrat Lorenzo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to illustrate the usefulness of MR imaging in the clinical evaluation of congenital and acquired cardiac diseases characterised by ventricular septal wall motion abnormality. Recognition of the features of abnormal ventricular septal motion in MR images is important to evaluate the haemodynamic status in patients with congenital and acquired heart diseases in routine clinical practice.
Pathways of Early Fatherhood, Marriage, and Employment: A Latent Class Growth Analysis
Authors: Dariotis Jacinda K. , Pleck Joseph H. , Astone Nan M. , Sonenstein Freya L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), young fathers include heterogeneous subgroups with varying early life pathways in terms of fatherhood timing, the timing of first marriage, and holding full-time employment. Using latent class growth analysis with 10 observations between ages 18 and 37, we derived five latent classes with median ages of first fatherhood below the cohort median (26.4), constituting distinct early fatherhood pathways representing 32.4% of NLSY men: (A) Young Married Fathers, (B) Teen Married Fathers, (C) Young Underemployed Married Fathers, (D) Young Underemployed Single Fathers, and (E) Young Later-Marrying Fathers. A sixth latent class of men who become fathers around the cohort median, following full-time employment and marriage (On-Time On-Sequence Fathers), is the comparison group. With sociodemographic background controlled, all early fatherhood pathways show disadvantage in at least some later-life circumstances (earnings, educational attainment, marital status, and incarceration). The extent of disadvantage is greater when early fatherhood occurs at relatively younger ages (before age 20), occurs outside marriage, or occurs outside full-time employment. The relative disadvantage associated with early fatherhood, unlike early motherhood, increases over the life course.
Medicaid Expansions and Fertility in the United States
Authors: DeLeire Thomas , Lopoo Leonard M. , Simon Kosali I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBeginning in the mid-1980s and extending through the early to mid-1990s, a substantial number of women and children in the United States gained eligibility for Medicaid through a series of income-based expansions. Using natality data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we estimate fertility responses to these eligibility expansions. We follow Currie and Gruber (2001) and measure changes in state Medicaid-eligibility policy by simulating the fraction of a standard population that would qualify for benefits in different states and different time periods. From 1985 to 1996, the fraction of women aged 15–44 who were eligible for Medicaid coverage for a pregnancy increased more than 20 percentage points. When we use a state and year fixed-effects model with a limited set of covariates, our estimates indicate that fertility increases in response to Medicaid expansions. However, after we include fixed effects for demographic characteristics, the estimated relationship diminishes substantially in size and is no longer statistically significant. We conclude that there is no robust relationship between Medicaid expansions and fertility.
Air pollution is associated with brainstem auditory nuclei pathology and delayed brainstem auditory evoked potentials
Authors: Calderón‐Garcidueñas Lilian , D'Angiulli Amedeo , Kulesza Randy J. , Torres‐Jardón Ricardo , Osnaya Norma , Romero Lina , Keefe Sheyla , Herritt Lou , Brooks Diane M. , Avila‐Ramirez Jose , Delgado‐Chávez Ricardo , Medina‐Cortina Humberto , González‐González Luis Oscar 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe assessed brainstem inflammation in children exposed to air pollutants by comparing brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and blood inflammatory markers in children age 96.3 ± 8.5 months from highly polluted (n = 34) versus a low polluted city (n = 17). The brainstems of nine children with accidental deaths were also examined. Children from the highly polluted environment had significant delays in wave III (t(50) = 17.038; p < 0.0001) and wave V (t(50) = 19.730; p < 0.0001) but no delay in wave I (p = 0.548). They also had significantly longer latencies than controls for interwave intervals I–III, III–V, and I–V (all t(50) > 7.501; p < 0.0001), consisting with delayed central conduction time of brainstem neural transmission. Highly exposed children showed significant evidence of inflammatory markers and their auditory and vestibular nuclei accumulated α synuclein and/or β amyloid1–42. Medial superior olive neurons, critically involved in BAEPs, displayed significant pathology. Children's exposure to urban air pollution increases their risk for auditory and vestibular impairment.
Visual Cues and Listening Effort: Individual Variability
Authors: Picou Erin M. , Ricketts Todd A. , Hornsby Benjamin W. Y. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose
To investigate the effect of visual cues on listening effort as well as whether predictive variables such as working memory capacity (WMC) and lipreading ability affect the magnitude of listening effort.

Method
Twenty participants with normal hearing were tested using a paired-associates recall task in 2 conditions (quiet and noise) and 2 presentation modalities (audio only [AO] and auditory–visual [AV]). Signal-to-noise ratios were adjusted to provide matched speech recognition across audio-only and AV noise conditions. Also measured were subjective perceptions of listening effort and 2 predictive variables: (a) lipreading ability and (b) WMC.

Results
Objective and subjective results indicated that listening effort increased in the presence of noise, but on average the addition of visual cues did not significantly affect the magnitude of listening effort. Although there was substantial individual variability, on average participants who were better lipreaders or had larger WMCs demonstrated reduced listening effort in noise in AV conditions.

Conclusions
Overall, the results support the hypothesis that integrating auditory and visual cues requires cognitive resources in some participants. The data indicate that low lipreading ability or low WMC is associated with relatively effortful integration of auditory and visual information in noise.
A Nationally Representative Study of the Association Between Communication Impairment at 4–5 Years and Children’s Life Activities at 7–9 Years
Authors: McCormack Jane , Harrison Linda J. , McLeod Sharynne , McAllister Lindy 
Published: April 2011

Purpose
To examine the longitudinal association between communication impairment (primary or secondary diagnosis) and children’s Activities and Participation (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health—Children and Youth [ICF–CY]; World Health Organization [WHO], 2007).

Method
Participants were 4,329 children in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; Australian Institute of Family Studies [AIFS], 2009): 1,041 (24.0%) of these children were identified with communication impairment at 4–5 years of age, and 3,288 (76.0%) of these children were not identified with a communication impairment. At age 7–9 years, Activities and Participation (WHO, 2007) outcomes across 5 ICF–CY domains were provided by (a) teachers (Academic Rating Scales [National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2002], Approach to Learning Scale [Gresham & Elliott, 1990], School Progress Scale (AIFS, 2009), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ; Goodman, 1997], and Student–Teacher Relationship Scale [Pianta, 2001]); (b) parents (School-Age Inventory of Temperament [McClowry, 1995] and SDQ); (c) children (Marsh Self-Description Questionnaire–III [Marsh, 1992], School Liking [Ladd & Price, 1987], and Bullying [Kochenderfer & Ladd, 1997]); and (d) child assessment (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—III: Adapted; Rothman, 2003).

Results
Children identified with communication impairment at age 4–5 years performed significantly poorer at age 7–9 years on all outcomes. Parents and teachers reported slower progression in reading, writing, and overall school achievement than peers. Children reported more bullying, poorer peer relationships, and less enjoyment of school than did their peers. Analyses of covariance tests confirmed significant associations between communication impairment and outcomes, over and above the effects of sex, age, Indigenous status, and socioeconomic status.

Conclusion
Consideration of the breadth and longevity of Activities and Participation outcomes reveals the potential extent and severity of communication impairment and directs future research and practice.
Effects of Perceptual and Contextual Enrichment on Visual Confrontation Naming in Adult Aging
Authors: Rogalski Yvonne , Peelle Jonathan E. , Reilly Jamie 
Published: April 2011

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enriching line drawings with color/texture and environmental context as a facilitator of naming speed and accuracy in older adults.

Method
Twenty young and 23 older adults named high-frequency picture stimuli from the Boston Naming Test (Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 2001) under three conditions: (a) black-and-white items, (b) colorized-texturized items, and (c) scene-primed colored items (e.g., “hammock” preceded 1,000 ms by a backyard scene).

Results
With respect to speeded naming latencies, mixed-model analyses of variance revealed that young adults did not benefit from colorization-texturization but did show scene-priming effects. In contrast, older adults failed to show facilitation effects from either colorized-texturized or scene-primed items. Moreover, older adults were consistently slower to initiate naming than were their younger counterparts across all conditions.

Conclusions
Perceptual and contextual enrichment of sparse line drawings does not appear to facilitate visual confrontation naming in older adults, whereas younger adults do tend to show benefits of scene priming. We interpret these findings as generally supportive of a processing speed account of age-related object picture-naming difficulty.
Relation of Structural and Vibratory Kinematics of the Vocal Folds to Two Acoustic Measures of Breathy Voice Based on Computational Modeling
Authors: Samlan Robin A. , Story Brad H. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose
To relate vocal fold structure and kinematics to 2 acoustic measures: cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and the amplitude of the first harmonic relative to the second (H1–H2).

Method
The authors used a computational, kinematic model of the medial surfaces of the vocal folds to specify features of vocal fold structure and vibration in a manner consistent with breathy voice. Four model parameters were altered: degree of vocal fold adduction, surface bulging, vibratory nodal point, and supraglottal constriction. CPP and H1–H2 were measured from simulated glottal area, glottal flow, and acoustic waveforms and were related to the underlying vocal fold kinematics.

Results
CPP decreased with increased separation of the vocal processes, whereas the nodal point location had little effect. H1–H2 increased as a function of separation of the vocal processes in the range of 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm and decreased with separation > 1.5 mm.

Conclusions
CPP is generally a function of vocal process separation. H1*–H2* (see paragraph 6 of article text for an explanation of the asterisks) will increase or decrease with vocal process separation on the basis of vocal fold shape, pivot point for the rotational mode, and supraglottal vocal tract shape, limiting its utility as an indicator of breathy voice. Future work will relate the perception of breathiness to vocal fold kinematics and acoustic measures.