bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Fraksi Ekstrak Herba Krokot (Portulaca grandiflora) Varietas Bunga Magenta dalam Menyembuhkan Luka
Authors: Budiawan Antonius , Puradewa Levi , Kirana Bida Cincin 
Published: May 2024

Purslane rose-like flower variety (Portulaca grandiflora) is a popular decorative plant in society. Purslane utilization for health in Indonesia is still limited. Rose-like magenta flower variety purslane (P. grandiflora) is already known for its wound healing activity. This wound healing activity may occur from its secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Flavonoids extracted in a suitable solvent have the potency to increase the purslane wound healing activity. This research aimed to determine the magenta flower variety purslane herbs extract fraction potency in wound healing. This experimental research was conducted using wound-induced rabbits. The wounds were divided into negative and positive control groups, water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane treatment groups. The wounds treated with aqua destilata re-epithelization was 12.33 ± 0.94 days, meanwhile, the wounds treated with betadine solution, water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction were 9.33 ± 0.47, 9.33 ± 0.47, 9.67 ± 0.47, dan 10.00 ± 0.00 days respectively. The water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction of magenta flower variety purslane herbs (P. grandiflora) have potency in wound healing. The water fraction showed the fastest re-epithelization pace compared to ethyl acetate and n-hexane fraction.

Keywords: fraction, purslane, Portulaca grandiflora, magenta, wound healing

Abstrak
Krokot varietas berbunga seperti mawar (Portulaca grandiflora) merupakan tanaman hias yang cukup populer di masyarakat. Di Indonesia pemanfaatan krokot untuk kesehatan masih sangat terbatas. Krokot mawar (P. grandiflora) varietas bunga magenta diketahui memiliki aktivitas penyembuhan luka. Aktivitas penyembuhan luka tersebut kemungkinan diperoleh karena kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid. Flavonoid yang tertarik dalam pelarut yang sesuai tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan kemampuan krokot dalam menyembuhkan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi dari fraksi ekstrak herba krokot (P. grandiflora) varietas bunga magenta dalam menyembuhkan luka. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan menggunakan kelinci yang diinduksi luka pada bagian punggung. Luka dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif dan positif serta kelompok perlakuan fraksi air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana. Kelompok luka yang diberi aqua destilata menunjukkan re-epitelisasi 12.33 ± 0.94 hari, sedangkan kelompok luka yang diberi betadine solution, fraksi air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana berturut-turut 9.33 ± 0.47, 9.33 ± 0.47, 9.67 ± 0.47, dan 10.00 ± 0.00 hari. Fraksi air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana herba krokot (P. grandiflora) memiliki potensi menyembuhkan luka dengan mempercepat laju re-epitelisasi. Fraksi air menunjukkan laju re-epitelisasi yang paling baik dibandingkan fraksi etil asetat dan n-heksana.

Kata Kunci: fraksi, krokot, Portulaca grandiflora, magenta, penyembuhan luka
In Vivo Uricosuric Effect of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum RUIZ & PAV) Ethanol Extract
Authors: Hermanto Faizal , Wahyuningsih Sri 
Published: May 2024

Hyperuricemia a condition where a person has high levels of uric acid in the blood. Red betel (Piper crocatum RUIZ & PAV) is a plant empirically used to reduce uric acid levels. This study aimed to determine the effective dose of red betel plant in reducing urinary uric acid levels in male Wistar rats with hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia condition was obtained by giving chicken liver juice 25 mL/kg orally and potassium oxonate 250 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Red betel extract (RBE) is made by maceration using 50% ethanol. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: negative control (CMC-Na 0.5%), Positive control (Probenecid 4, 5 mg/kg), and extract at doses 11.5, 23 and 46 mg/kg. The results showed that the RBE increased uric acid secretion through urine (uricosuric) compared to controls. The optimal dose for the uricosuric effect of the extract is 46 mg/kg, although this effect is lower than probenecid.

Keywords: Red betel, uric acid, potassium oxonate, uricosuric
Kajian Pemborosan Waktu (Waste Time) Dan Implementasi Value Stream Mapping Pekerjaan Sloof dan Kolom
Authors: Harpriani Dewi Diana , Sapitri  
Published: May 2024

[ID] Pemborosan (waste) masih menjadi perhatian dalam industri konstruksi di Indonesia karena masih sering ditemui adanya waste dalam proses pelaksnaan/pembangunan proyek . Waste yang terjadi pada proyek akan mengganggu produktivitas dan harus dihilangkan atau dikurangi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi apa saja jenis dan penyebab non-solid waste /waste time dan implementasi Value Stream Mapping (VSM) untuk meminimalisir non-solid waste /waste time pada pekerjaan sloof dan kolom basement. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu lean construction dengan metode identifikasi jenis waste dan sumbernya serta membuat VSM untuk melihat aliran prosesnya. Pada peneltian ini waste yang dipakai ialah non physical waste/ non-solid waste, waste yang fisiknya tidak nampak dilapangan atau waste time. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis non value adding activity yang sering terjadi adalah waiting (W5) yaitu menunggu pekerja, sedangkan penyebab non value adding activity yang sering terjadi adalah manajerial (B3) yaitu kurangnya kontrol oleh kontraktor terhadap pelaksanaan pekerjaan dilapangan dan sumber daya (D6) yaitu kurangnya personil pihak kontraktor di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil VSM, didapatkan hasil VAA teridentifikasi sebesar 64,90%, NVAAN teridentifikasi sebesar 3,38% dan NVAAU teridentifikasi sebesar 31,72%.
[EN] Waste time is generally caused by waste of materials and resources that result in the project process is not optimal. Waste that occurs in projects will interfere with productivity and must be eliminated or reduced. The purpose of this study is to identify what are the types and causes of non-solid waste / waste time and the implementation of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to minimize non-solid waste / waste time in sloof work and basement columns. The approach used is lean construction with methods of identifying the type of waste and its source and making VSM to see the process flow. In this study, the waste used is non-physical waste / non-solid waste, waste whose physical is not visible in the field or waste time. The results showed that the type of non-value adding activity that often occurs is waiting (W5), which is waiting for workers, while the cause of non-value adding activity that often occurs is managerial (B3), namely lack of control by contractors over the implementation of work in the field and resources (D6), namely lack of field personnel from contractors). Based on the VSM results, VAA results were identified at 64.90%, NVAAN identified at 3.38% and NVAAU identified at 31.72%.
استخدام نموذج التمان في التنبؤ بالتعثر المالي في قطاع البنوك السعودي: دراسة مقارنة قبل وبعد جائحة كورونا
Authors: العامودي مي عبدالعزيز , الحربي مروج 
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مدى نجاح نموذج التمان (Altman) في التنبؤ بالتعثر المالي في قطاع البنوك السعودي قبل وبعد جائحة كورونا (COVID-19)، وهي دراسة كمية اتبعت المنهج الاستنباطي وتم جمع البيانات المالية من التقارير المالية السنوية لقطاع البنوك السعودي، حيث تكونت العينة من تسعة بنوك بالمملكة العربية السعودية على مدى 4 أعوام (2018م-2021م) وتم اختيار هذه الفترة لتضمنها العامين السابقين لجائحة كورونا والعامين المواكبين للجائحة وذلك لبيان ما إذا كان للجائحة أي تأثير على الأداء المالي للبنوك السعودية. توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها نجاح نموذج التمان في التنبؤ بالتعثر المالي في البنوك السعودية حيث اتضح خلو العينة من بنوك متعثرة قبل جائحة كورونا، بينما استنتج تعثر (3) مصارف خلال فترة الجائحة. أيضاً، بصفة عامة، لم يكن لجائحة كورونا تأثير يذكر على المؤشرات المالية للمصارف مما يعني أن قطاع البنوك في المملكة العربية السعودية مُمثلاً بعينة الدراسة يمتاز بالقوة والمتانة التي جعلته يجتاز هذه المحنة دون أن ينهار. تُوصي الدراسة باستخدام نموذج التمان مع غيره من نماذج قياس التعثر المالي للوقوف على الوضع المالي للشركات بدقة أكبر.
أثر جودة المراجعة المدركة على العلاقة بين الدخل الشامل الآخر وإدارة الأرباح للشركات المدرجة في السوق المالية السعودية
Authors: الخريّف ابتهال عبدالله , زيتون محمد خميس 
Published: May 2024

استهدف هذا البحث دراسة واختبار العلاقة بين الدخل الشامل الآخر وإدارة الأرباح، وكذلك الأثر الوسيط التفاعلي لجودة المراجعة المدركة على هذه العلاقة باستخدام عينة من الشركات غير المالية المدرجة في السوق المالية السعودية عن الفترة من 2020م إلى 2022م. وقد خلص البحث في شقه النظري إلى أن الدخل الشامل الآخر يشمل بنود الدخل والمصروفات التي لا يُعترف بها في الأرباح أو الخسائر طبقًا لما تتطلبه أو تسمح به معايير التقرير المالي الدولية، وأن إدارة الأرباح هي استخدام مرونة السياسات المحاسبية والتقديرات الشخصية للتأثير على البيانات المحاسبية من أجل البحث عن منافع شخصية أو تضليل المستخدمين ببيانات مالية عن الأداء المالي للشركة، وأن جودة المراجعة المدركة تُعبّر عن مستوى الجودة التي يتم توقعها من وجهة نظر أصحاب المصلحة، ويمكن استنتاجها على سبيل المثال من تخصص صناعة المراجع، أو حجم مكتب المراجعة، أو أتعاب المراجعة، أو تناوب المراجع. كما خلص البحث في شقه التطبيقي إلى وجود علاقة عكسية ومعنوية بين قيمة بنود الدخل الشامل الآخر وإدارة الأرباح للشركات المقيدة في السوق المالية السعودية، أي: أن قيمة بنود الدخل الشامل الآخر تؤثر سلبًا ومعنويًّا على إدارة الأرباح، ووجود علاقة عكسية ومعنوية بين قيمة بنود الدخل الشامل الآخر وإدارة الأرباح للشركات المقيدة في السوق المالية السعودية إذا تمت مراجعة الشركة مِن قِبَل مكتب مراجعة ينتسب لأحد المكاتب الأربعة الكبرى؛ أي أن مستوى جودة المراجعة المدركة يؤثر معنويًّا على العلاقة بين الدخل الشامل الآخر وإدارة الأرباح للشركات المقيدة في السوق المالية السعودية.
Muscle Activity and Kinematics During Three Hamstring Strengthening Exercises Compared to Sprinting: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Jorge Adelso , Lichtenstein Eric , Faude Oliver , Roth Ralf 
Published: May 2024

Background During sprinting, the biceps femoris long head predominantly gets injured, while hamstring strengthening exercises predominantly activate the semitendinosus more effectively. Understanding how joint dominance influences hamstring activity may offer clarity on appropriate exercise selection in strengthening programs. Purpose This study compared three hip-dominant hamstring exercises: the rocker, perpetuum mobile fast and slow (PMfast and PMslow) and the Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) on their potential to simulate sprint-like activity and kinematics. Methods Muscle activity of the posterior kinetic chain (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus maximus, and medial gastrocnemius) was measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) during the exercises and treadmill running at 75% of the individual maximal sprint velocity in male athletes. sEMG data were normalized to maximal sprinting. 3D-motion capture was employed to assess hip and knee angles. Results Eight male athletes were included (age: 24.0 years ± SD 2.9; body mass: 76.8 kg ± 7.7; height: 1.79 m ± 0.08). Greater activity of the hamstrings occurred during the explosive exercises ranging from 63.9% [95%CI: 56.3-71.5%] (rocker) to 49.0% [95%CI: 40.4-57.6%] (PMfast) vs. 34.0% [95%CI: 29.1-38.9%] (NHE) to 32.1% [95%CI: 26.9-37.3%] (PMslow). The rocker showed greatest hamstring and gluteus maximus activity. Biceps femoris consistently showed greater activity than the semitendinosus across all exercises in peak (mean difference: 0.16, [95%CI: 0.07-0.26]) and average (mean difference: 0.06, [95%CI: 0.01-0.11]) activity. PMfast, PMslow and NHE demonstrated less hip flexion angle at peak hamstring activity than the rocker and high-speed running and every exercise showed less hamstring elongation stress than during high-speed running. Discussion Hamstring activity is comparable to high-intensity treadmill running for NHE and PMslow, and greater for the rocker and PMfast. Gluteus maximus activity varied, with the rocker and PMfast showing greater activity than in sprinting. All examined exercises demonstrated their peak activity at short hamstring muscle length. Level of evidence 3b
Triceps Tendon Avulsion in a Soldier: A Case Report
Authors: Chorba Rita , Hu Collin , Feldtmann Jess 
Published: May 2024

Background Clinical assessment of triceps brachii tendon tears is challenging, and conventional imaging methods have limitations. Timely surgical referral is important in high-grade tears to maximize patient outcomes, and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) can be used at the time of clinical examination to identify such injuries requiring advanced imaging and orthopedic referral. Hypothesis/Purpose The purpose of this case report is to describe how MSK US was used to facilitate advanced imaging and timely orthopedic referral for a patient presenting to a physical therapist with a high-grade triceps tendon avulsion. Study Design Case Report Case Description A 35-year-old male soldier presented to a direct access sports physical therapist with acute-on-chronic right elbow pain. Physical examination and MSK US were used to identify a high-grade partial triceps brachii tendon tear. The MSK US findings informed the physical therapist’s decision-making process to refer the subject for timely advanced imaging studies as well as referral to an orthopedic physician. Outcomes A high-grade partial triceps tendon avulsion was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The subject was then seen by an orthopedic surgeon and underwent surgical repair of the tendon within the recommended three-week timeframe for optimal outcomes. The subject completed a post-operative rehabilitation program and returned to full physical and occupational activities. Conclusion MSK US can assist in the diagnosis of challenging triceps tendon injuries, facilitating timely advanced imaging and orthopedic referrals for high-grade injuries to optimize patient outcomes. Level of Evidence 5
Haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Sajid , Afzal Muhammad , Yaqoob Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Irfan 
Published: May 2024

Haemorrhoids are among the commonest surgical problems of anorectal region. Chronic constipation, straining, at defecation or micturation is the main predisposing factors but exact aetiopathogenesis remain unclear. Most patients in the initial stages are treated with conservative or minimally invasive approaches. However, haemorrhoidectomy has proven long-term efficacy in the treatment of third degree haemorrhoids. There is still controversy whether open or closed haemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice. Haemorrhoidectomy whether open or closed is associated with postoperative complications. This study was carried out to compare postoperative complications of both procedures to improve the management of haemorrhoids. Objectives: To compare postoperative complications in open and closed haemorrho-dectomy. Study Design: Quasi- experimental. Settings: Surgical unit-1, Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Duration: One year (20/06/o6 to 20/06/07). Sample size: 100 cases (50 cases in each). Sampling technique: Convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria: Patients with 3rd degree haemorrhoids. Exclusion criteria:

Complicated third degree haemorrhoids.
Patients with other causes of bleeding per rectum.
Patients having associated medical problems.
Patients not willing for surgery.

Results: Out of 100 patients 7 had severe postoperative pain, 5 from open and 2 from close group.50 patients had moderate pain, 30 from open and 20 from closed group.8 patients, 5 from open and 3 from closed group got urinary retention. 2 patients both from open group had anal stricture. Conclusion: Closed haemorrhoidectomy is more advantageous with respect to less postoperative pain.
Design and Analysis of Composite Biomaterial Bone Graft Plate
Authors: Hamdi Dunia Abdulsahib , Mowafaq Khider Fatima 
Published: May 2024

The mixing technique was applied in this study to enhance the strength performance of the cement. The addition of 3% by weight of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were mixed with 97% polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic polymer, which has a nano size to serve as the matrix material. The surface roughness and continuous porosity of the bone cement were found to be slightly increased by the incorporation of nanoparticles, which enhanced bone-implant osseointegration and ingrowth. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles resulted in a surface roughness value (Sa) of 16.25 nm, which is similar to that of natural bone. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping results discover precentor material and uniform distribution. The Sample exhibited promising results in the antibacterial test, showing efficacy against bacteria both with and without sterilization, confirming its antibacterial properties. The mechanical tests conducted on the sample, including tensile, compression, bending and Vickers hardness tests, yielded favorable results and indicated that the sample is suitable for its intended application. In the theoretical works the design of the bone, screw, and bone plate was conducted using SolidWorks, followed by an analysis using ANSYS under both axial and bending load conditions. The theoretical analysis revealed that the safety factor was less than 1 when an axial load of 13 N was applied and a bending load of 2 N was applied, indicating that the structure may not be able to withstand these loads safely. Under both ambient and physiologically relevant conditions in the human body, HA and PMMA have demonstrated to be excellent choices for enhancing the clinical performance of bone cement. This, in turn, can lead to increased longevity of implants, decreased patient risk, and lower healthcare costs
Measurement and Analysis of ground reaction forces Distribution and electromyography for Ankle Joint Fixation Injury Using Different Types of Shoes
Authors: Fakhri Noora , Chiad Jumaa S. 
Published: May 2024

One of the health issues that many people encounter on a daily basis is bone fracture, which can happen for a number of reasons, such as arthritis, sprains, or external trauma . The patient experiences instability as a result of these issues . Internal fixation is a type of surgery used to support and mend a damaged bone Treatment options include ankle joint fixation, a surgical procedure employing pins, plates, rods, or screws. This study uses gait analysis methods to assess lower limb biomechanics . Gait analysis is vital for understanding walking patterns and intervention effectiveness. The impact of different shoe designs on ankle mechanics, using the finite element method and ANSYS, is investigated The results of the EMG and the GRF were discussed.
This research deepens our understanding of lower limb biomechanics and ankle joint health. By evaluating stress effects and designing custom shoes, it enhances ankle injury treatment and management strategies.
The patient, a 70-year-old woman with an internal fixation on her ankle joint, underwent a CT scan of her ankle. The patient underwent a number of experiments to evaluate her stability. EMG was used to determine the muscle stress for a brief period of time, and ground reaction force was then used to determine the pressure of walking. Both EMG and GRF have two walking speeds of1.5and 2 km/h while wearing four different types of shoes. The behavior of the EMG demonstrates that the stress on the muscle increases as walking speed increases, and the results varies depending on the shoe. The patient is afraid to apply pressure to the injured foot, so the health foot has better pressure over the entire foot
Kajian	Pustaka	Tingkat	Pengetahuan	Masyarakat	dalam Penggunaan Analgesik Untuk Swamedikasi Nyeri
Authors: Al-Idrus Nabila Maulida , Aini Siti Rahmatul , Saputra Yoga Dwi 
Published: May 2024

Swamedikasi merupakan pengobatan mandiri tanpa resep dokter. Nyeri adalah penyakit yang paling sering diobati menggunakan swamedikasi. Swamedikasi nyeri diobati menggunakan analgesik, swamedikasi analgesik dapat berjalan baik apabila penggunanya paham terhadap cara swamedikasi yang tepat. Pengetahuan merupakan faktor penting dalam keberhasilan swamedikasi. Terkait ulasan tersebut, perlu dikaji tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat dalam penggunaan analgesik untuk swamedikasi nyeri. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan mengumpulkan pustaka terkait dengan topik yang diangkat, terdapat 10 artikel yang digunakan dalam kajian pustaka tersebut. Pada literatur yang telah disajikan, terdapat masyarakat yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah terhadap swamedikasi, dan mayoritas masyarakat memiliki pemahaman yang baik terhadap swamedikasi nyeri. Tingkat pengetahuan yang baik akan berpengaruh pada perilaku masyarakat saat swamedikasi. Terdapat faktor penting yang dapat membawa keberhasilan swamedikasi adalah faktor pendidikan, masyarakat yang memiliki pendidikan yang baik akan memiliki pengatahuan yang baik sehingga memunculkan kemawasan diri dalam swamedikasi, faktor lain adalah faktor pekerjaan Tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat dalam penggunaan analgesik untuk swamedikasi merupakan faktor penting untuk keberhasilan dari swamedikasi. Tingkat pengtahuan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti faktor pekerjaan, faktor lingkungan, dan faktor pendidikan.
GC‒MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Lime Leaf Ethanol Extract (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse), and Its Potential as a Traditional Medicine Agents
Authors: Arsana I Nyoman , Juliasih Ni Ketut Ayu , Widyantari A.A.A. Sauca Sunia 
Published: May 2024

Lime (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse) has been widely used in traditional medicine. However, only some studies have comprehensively revealed the content of leaves, including their use as candidate medicinal ingredients. This study aimed to analyze the active compounds of lime leaves through GC‒MS analysis and their benefits in traditional medicine. Experimental research with a laboratory approach is used. The implementation of research by analyzing the bioactive content of lime leaf ethanol extract using GC‒MS along with a comprehensive analysis related to its benefits as a traditional medicine agent. Data analysis using the Willey 7 Library database and descriptive analysis. Using GC-MS showed that lime leaf ethanol extract contains 75 compound components dominated by 11 principal components, including citronellol, caryophyllene, hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, 1-heptatriacotanol, Phytol, ethyl 9,12,15-oate; methyl glycocholate, 3TMS derivative; 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yl stearate; ethyl iso-allocate; Rhopin; and tricyclo [20.8.0.0 (7,16)] triacontane, 1(22),7(16)-diepoxy-. Based on the findings of the content evaluation, the compound constituents of lime leaves have the potential to be developed as traditional remedies for both degenerative and infectious diseases. However, further research is needed precisely to identify the therapeutic effects exerted by using compounds on lime leaves.
Cholesterol and Blood Profile of Bali Cattle Fed Chromolaena odorata Weed with Rice Straw as Basal Feed
Authors: Oematan Gustaf , Mullik Marthen Luther , Benu Imanuel , Jelantik I Gusti Ngurah , Dato Twenfosel Dami , Lestari Gusti Ayu Yudit , Malelak Gemini Ermiani , Hartati Erna , Lazarus Edwin , Yunus Marten 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the level of C. odorata (CO) silage-based concentrate on the blood profiles of Bali cattle. Three male Bali cattle (initial 2 years old with CV = 19,28%) were randomly assigned to one of three meals: rice straw and concentrates containing C.odorata silage 30% (RCO30) or C.odorata silage 40% (RCO40) or C.odorata silage 50% (RCO50), respectively, using a 3 x 3 Latin Square Design. The was no significant effect between treatments (P> 0.05) on blood cholesterol (195.74-220.49 mg/dL), blood urea (48.41-49.44 mg/dL), total blood plasma (6.08-6.93 g/dL), blood haemoglobin (Hb; 18.18-18.92 g/dL), hematocrit levels (45.56-53.03%), erythrocytes (7.06-8.24 106/l), and leucocytes (8.56-8.84/l). Blood glucose levels, however, differed significantly (P<0.05) between treatment. Feeding Bali cattle with different levels of C.odorata-based concentrate resulted in the same effect on all blood parameters except blood glucose. Therefore, it is recommended that the use of C.odorata in a ration of Bali cattle can be up to 50%.