bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior Pedicle Lateral Nasal Wall Flap: New Reconstructive Technique for Large Defects of the Skull Base
Authors: Rivera-Serrano Carlos M. , Bassagaisteguy Luis H. , Hadad Gustavo , Carrau Ricardo L. , Kelly Dan , Prevedello Daniel M. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: December 2011

Background Indications for expanded endoscopic approaches continue to grow, resulting in larger and more complex skull base defects. Reconstructive developments, however, have lagged our extirpative capabilities. As the complexity of clinical scenarios continues to escalate, challenging our current reconstructive strategies, we are compelled to develop alternative techniques to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leaks and protect neurovascular structures. In this article we show the anatomic basis for a new posterior pedicled flap from the lateral wall of the nose (Carrau-Hadad [C-H] flap) for the reconstruction of median skull base defects and present our early clinical experience. Methods Using a cadaveric model, we designed a posterior pedicle flap comprising the nasal inferolateral wall mucoperiosteum. We applied this information clinically, to reconstruct transmural skull base defects. Results In our cadaveric model, we harvested and transposed C-H flaps into various defects of the planum sphenoidale, sella turcica, clivus, and nasopharynx. Then, we used the C-H flap in four patients, successfully reconstructing their clival (n = 3) and sellar (n = 1) surgical defects. All patients healed uneventfully. Conclusion Our anatomic study and early clinical experience support the use of the posterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap to reconstruct large cranial base defects resulting from endoscopic skull base surgery in properly selected patients.
Intravenous Esmolol Infusion Improves Surgical Fields during Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Shen Ping-Hung , Weitzel Erik Kent , Lai Jen-Tsung , Wormald Peter-John , Ho Chee-Sang 
Published: December 2011

Background There is increasing evidence to support the use of anesthetics to affect operative fields during endoscopic sinus surgery and thus the speed, thoroughness, and safety of the surgery itself. Previous research has suggested preoperative beta-blockers improve surgical fields (SFs); our study is novel in showing the impact of a beta-blocker infusion on SFs during sinus surgery. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 40 patients. Patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis received a constant infusion of i.v. esmolol or saline in addition to a standard inhaled anesthetic protocol. At regular 15-minutes intervals, the quality of SF, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Total blood loss was also recorded. Results Average vital sign parameters (HR/SBP/DBP) were significantly lower in the esmolol group (69.1/90.2/55.1 versus 77.2/99.5/63.5; p < 0.01). The esmolol infusion improved SFs relative to control (2.3 versus 2.6; p = 0.045). Esmolol infusion resulted in good SFs (grades 1 and 2) more often than poor fields (grades 3 and 4); on the contrary, the control group showed more poor than good SFs (chi-square; p = 0.04). A correlation between increasing HR and worsening SFs was identified (r = 0.259; p = 0.002). The control group had significantly higher average blood loss (1.3 versus 0.8 mL/min; p = 0.037). Conclusion Esmolol-induced relative hypotension and bradycardia during endoscopic sinus surgery achieves significantly improved SFs relative to saline control.
Antegrade Transsphenoidal Vidian Neurectomy: Short-Term Surgical Outcome Analysis
Authors: Su Wan-Fu , Liu Shao-Cheng , Chiu Feng-Shiang , Lee Chia-Hsuan 
Published: December 2011

Background Vidian neurectomy was an option for treating allergic rhinitis in the past but outcomes varied. A modified transsphenoidal approach is proposed to simplify endoscopic vidian neurectomy. The postoperative evaluation of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and recurrence was investigated. Methods A total of 317 patients with refractory allergic rhinitis underwent 414 transsphenoidal vidian neurectomies from September 2006 to December 2010. A rigid nasal endoscope was used through a transsphenoidal approach to reach the vidian canal inside the sphenoid sinus (type I) or through its anterior opening into the pterygopalatine fossa (type II) and to cut or cauterize the vidian nerve. The surgical outcomes were analyzed for patients with at least 6 months of follow-up. Results Our approach was successful in 90.3% of the 414 vidian neurectomies. Vidian neurectomy was successful via the type I approach in 27 sides and type II approach in 347 sides. The short-term surgical outcomes of 163 patients who underwent a total of 236 vidian neurectomies with at least 6 months of follow-up were analyzed. Immediate, complete cessation of sneezing and rhinorrhea occurred uniformly. Three recurrences were detected during the 1–2 years of follow-up. The symptom of dry eye was reported for 172 surgical sides, but only 6 had persistent symptoms for > 6 months. Conclusion The transsphenoidal approach in a vidian neurectomy is a simple method that removes the need for sphenopalatine artery ligation and causes less surgical morbidity. However, the possibility of recurrence of this condition in the long term needs further investigation.
Cyclooxygenase 2 and Lipoxin A4 in Nasal Polyps in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Rozsasi Ajnacska , Heinemann Akos , Keck Tilman 
Published: December 2011

Background The etiology of nasal polyps (NPs) and sinusitis in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is still unknown. This study investigates the presence of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and lipoxin A 4 ( LXA 4) in epithelial cultures derived from NPs and turbinates in patients with CF and without CF. Methods NPs and turbinates were evaluated from eight CF patients with obstructing NPs undergoing sinus surgery. NPs and tissue from the hypertrophic inferior turbinate from 14 patients without history of CF undergoing sinus surgery served as control specimens. After tissue culturing, the presence of COX-2 protein and LXA 4 ( ELISA) was detected in CF polyps and turbinates and compared with that of the control group. Results COX-2 and LXA 4 were detectable in tissue specimens of all CF patients and control patients. COX-2 was highest in CF polyps, but the difference was not significant compared with CF turbinates or polyps and turbinates of patients not suffering from CF. LXA 4, however, was significantly higher in CF NPs compared with CF turbinate tissue. Compared with NPs of patients not having CF disease, CF polyps showed markedly higher concentrations of LXA 4. Conclusion LXA 4 is significantly elevated in CF NPs, whereas COX-2 is only slightly increased. The present data support the concept that LXA 4 plays an important role in CF nasal polyposis. Chronic infection in nasal polyposis and, because of inflammation, induced COX-2 in CF NPs may be related to increased LXA 4. The suspected interaction of COX-2 and LXA 4 needs further investigation.
Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxin B Contributes to Induction of Nasal Polypoid Lesions in an Allergic Rhinosinusitis Murine Model
Authors: Kim Dae Woo , Khalmuratova Roza , Gu Hur Dong , Jeon Sea-Yuong , Kim Sang-Wook , Shin Hyun-Woo , Lee Chul Hee , Rhee Chae-Seo 
Published: December 2011

Background Studies on the pathophysiology of nasal polyps in human subjects have been limited; thus an animal model is needed. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The aim of this study was to investigate the histological and immunologic effects of SEB on the formation of nasal polypoid lesions in an allergic rhinosinusitis murine model. Methods After induction of an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinosinusitis, OVA with SEB (5 or 500 ng) was instilled into the nasal cavity of mice for 8 weeks. Control mice did not receive SEB or OVA instillation. Histopathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin, Sirius red, Giemsa, Masson's trichrome, and Alcian blue stains. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, eotaxin, interferon gamma, total IgE, and OVA-specific IgE from serum or nasal lavage fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The group treated with OVA plus 5 ng of SEB had significantly more mucosal lesions with epithelial disruption and nasal polypoid lesions than mice treated with OVA only, showing a significant increase in the infiltration of total inflammatory cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes than the other groups. Levels of IL-5, eotaxin, and OVA-specific IgE in nasal lavage fluid were increased in the group treated with OVA plus 5 ng of SEB than in the other groups. A higher number of secretory cells in the groups treated with OVA plus SEB was observed than in other groups. Conclusion Low-dose SEB induced nasal polypoid lesions with an increased eosinophilic infiltration in an allergic rhinosinusitis murine model.
Thirty-Year Survey on Airborne Pollen Concentrations in Genoa, Italy: Relationship with Sensitizations, Meteorological Data, and Air Pollution
Authors: Negrini Arsenio Corrado , Negrini Simone , Giunta Vania , Quaglini Silvana , Ciprandi Giorgio 
Published: December 2011

Background Pollen allergy represents a relevant health issue. Betulaceae sensitization significantly increased in Genoa, Italy, in the last decades. This study investigated possible relationships among pollen count, meteorological changes, air pollution, and sensitizations in this city during a 30-year period. Methods Betulaceae, Urticaceae, Gramineae, and Oleaceae pollen counts were measured from 1981 to 2010 in Genoa. Sensitization to these pollens was also considered in large populations of allergic patients. Meteorological parameters and pollutants were also measured in the same area. Results Betulaceae sensitization increased over time. All pollen species significantly increased over this time. Pollen season advanced for Betulaceae and Urticaceae. Only Urticaceae season significantly increased. Temperature increased while rainfall decreased over the time. Pollutants significantly decreased. There were some relationships between pollen changes and climatic and air pollution parameters. Conclusion This 30-year study conducted in an urbanized area provided evidence that Betulaceae sensitization significantly increased, pollen load significantly augmented, and climate and air pollution changed with a possible influence on pollen release.
The Last of the Mohicans: How Walter Ulbricht Endured the Hungarian Crisis of 1956
Authors: Granville Johanna 
Published: December 2011

According to German historian Hermann Weber, 25 percent of allpublished studies on the German Democratic Republic (GDR) havefocused on the early years of the regime of the Socialist Unity Party(SED), 20 percent on the 1980s and collapse of the dictatorship, andonly 3 percent on the years in between.1 While the GDR itself maynot have become a mere footnote in history as novelist Stefan Heympredicted, studies of East German history in the 1950s—before theconstruction of the Berlin Wall, when the regime of Walter Ulbrichtwas most vulnerable—are exceedingly rare.2 Archive-based studies ofUlbricht’s response to the Hungarian revolution of 1956 are rarerstill.3 A recently edited volume of essays published in Germanyabout responses to the Hungarian revolution, for example, includedthe reactions of nearly every East European country, except those ofthe GDR.
Evolution of HIV-1 Genotype in Plasma RNA and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proviral Dna after Interruption and Resumption of Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Imaz Arkaitz , Olmo Montserrat , Peñaranda Maria , Gutiérrez Félix , Romeu Joan , Larrousse Maria , Domingo Pere , Oteo José A , Niubó Jordi , Curto Jordi , Vilallonga Concepción , Masiá Mar , López-Aldeguer José , Iribarren José A , Podzamczer Daniel ,   the STOPAR Study Team
Published: December 2011

Background Structured antiretroviral therapy interruption (TI) is discouraged because of poorer AIDS and non-AIDS-related outcomes, but is often inevitable in clinical practice. Certain strategies could reduce the emergence of resistance mutations related to TI. Methods A total of 106 HIV-1-infected patients on stable HAART with undetectable plasma viral load were randomized to therapy continuation ( n=50) or CD4+ T-cell-guided TI ( n=56). Staggered interruption involved stopping non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) 7 days before the nucleoside backbone. Genotypic resistance testing (GRT) was performed on proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and before each TI, and on plasma RNA after each TI. Results At baseline, GRT on PBMCs detected mutations in nine patients and only two major mutations were identified. GRT on plasma samples performed after TIs showed nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), NNRTI and protease inhibitor major resistance associated mutations in 10/56, 3/46 and 1/8 patients receiving these drugs, respectively. Only in two patients had the same mutations been observed in GRT on PBMCs at baseline. Three patients presented virological failure after resumption of therapy, all receiving NNRTIs. In one of them, resistance mutations detected at failure had been also observed previously in GRT on plasma after TI. Conclusions Staggered interruption of NNRTIs 7 days before the nucleoside backbone does not avoid resistance emergence completely, but does not necessarily lead to virological failure after treatment resumption. Plasma HIV-1 RNA genotype after the interruption and the patient's treatment history seem to be more useful than baseline proviral DNA genotype to assess the risk of virological failure after restarting therapy.
Couper–coller Comment Boèce fait usage du Songe de Scipion dans sa Consolation de la philosophie
Authors: Strobach Niko 
Published: December 2011

Résumé L’objet de cet article est de se demander comment Boèce (env. 480 – 525) fait usage du Songe de Scipion dans sa Consolation de la philosophie. Boèce utilise quelque chose comme la technique du « couper/coller ». On peut isoler dans la Consolation un passage du Songe sur lequel il est modelé, mais où ce texte subit une transformation puisque la fonction solennelle qu’il occupait à la fin de la République de Cicéron s’y retrouve bornée à une tout autre discussion sur le bien seulement apparent, gloria , au seul livre II des cinq livres de la Consolatio : Boèce décontextualise et recontextualise. On montre, de façon systématique, que la position de Boèce sur l’intériorisation de la vertu se situe à mi-chemin entre Cicéron et Kant.
Aristote et l'elenchos socratique
Authors: Dorion Louis-André 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Dans un article publié en 1993, R. Bolton soutient qu’Aristote fournit une description de l’ elenchos socratique dans les Réfutations sophistiques et qu’il cherche également à résoudre le principal problème théorique soulevé par l’ elenchos socratique. Nous nous efforçons au contraire de montrer, dans notre réponse à R. Bolton, que la conception aristotélicienne de l’ elenchos se démarque nettement de l ’elenchos socratique et qu’Aristote ne se reconnaît aucune dette à l’endroit de Socrate.
Development and evaluation of a novel ultrasound score for large joints in rheumatoid arthritis: One year of experience in daily clinical practice
Authors: Hartung Wolfgang , Kellner Herbert , Strunk Johannes , Sattler Horst , Schmidt Wolfgang A. , Ehrenstein Boris , Fleck Martin , Backhaus Marina 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce and evaluate a new standardized ultrasound (US) score developed for large joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA US score was designed to determine the degree of inflammation in the shoulder, the elbow, the hip, and the knee joint in patients with RA (Sonography of Large Joints in Rheumatology [SOLAR] score). Synovitis and synovial vascularity were scored semiquantitatively (grade 0–3) by gray‐scale US (GSUS) and power Doppler US (PDUS). Patients with RA were examined at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation of local or systemic therapy (disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs [DMARDs]/biologic agents). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and the clinical Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) were determined.ResultsA cohort of 199 patients were analyzed and followed up over 12 months. At baseline, before modification of the therapy, patients received either DMARDs (n = 131), DMARDs plus biologic agents (n = 46), biologic monotherapy (n = 8), or no DMARD therapy (n = 14). At baseline, the mean DAS28 score was 4.6 and decreased to 3.2 after 1 year of therapy (P < 0.001). All US scores demonstrated a statistically significant improvement except for the PDUS scores for the shoulder and the hip. In detail, the mean synovitis GSUS score for the knee decreased from 5.2 at baseline to 2.2 after 12 months of followup. The mean GSUS score for the shoulder fell from 2.6 to 1.6, for the elbow fell from 5.2 to 2.6, and for the hip fell from 2.2 to 0.4 (P < 0.05 for each).ConclusionThe SOLAR score is a feasible tool for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of large joint involvement in patients with RA using US.
Initial Attatchment of rMSC and MG‐63 Cells on Patterned Bioglass® Substrates
Authors: Detsch Rainer , Guillon Olivier , Wondraczek Lothar , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA soft lithography technique was used to introduce surface patterns on the surface of sintered bioactive glass substrates. Osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) seeded on micropatterned bioactive glass surfaces showed different behavior with rMSC exhibiting a better initial attachment than MG‐63 cells. Both cytoskeleton formation and cell spreading of rMSC were supported by the bioactive surfaces. In addition, the structured surfaces seemed to guide MG‐63 cells to a larger extent than rMSC. The in vitro results are important considering the continuous development of bone tissue scaffolds based on silicate bioactive glasses.
Pipetting Nanowires: In Situ Visualization of Solid‐State Nanowire‐to‐Nanoparticle Transformation Driven by Surface Diffusion‐Mediated Capillarity
Authors: Toimil‐Molares Maria Eugenia , Röntzsch Lars , Sigle Wilfried , Heinig Karl‐Heinz , Trautmann Christina , Neumann Reinhard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe most interesting applications of nanotubes include their use as storage media for atoms and small molecules, as nanoscale capsules for chemical reactions, and as nanopipettes for material delivery. The geometrical transformation of metallic copper nanowires, confined in graphitic coating, into crystalline nanoparticles of up to tenfold increased diameter is reported. In situ transmission electron microscopy images at 500 °C, recorded as movies, provide an exceptional real‐time visualization of Cu draining out of the carbon coating. The solid content of the carbon tube is effectively evacuated over micrometer distances towards the open end, transforming each nanowire into a single monocrystalline, facetted Cu particle. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations propose that this dramatic morphological transformation is driven by surface diffusion of Cu atoms along the wire/tube interface, thus minimizing the total free energy of the system.
Influence of various wood modifications on the properties of polyvinyl chloride/wood flour composites
Authors: Müller Marcus , Radovanovic Itana , Grüneberg Timo , Militz Holger , Krause Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAminosilane, melamine and acetic anhydride treated wood flour were added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in order to process improved PVC/wood flour composites. The influence of wood treatment on water absorption and mechanical properties were evaluated. Treatments with amino‐alkyl functional oligomeric siloxane and melamine in suitable concentration as well as acetylated wood flour composites showed decreased equilibrium moisture content and reduced speed of water absorption. Tensile strength, elongation at break and unnotched impact strength were considerably improved by the aminosilane treatments. The increase in strength and elongation was mainly influenced by the chemical structure and concentration of the used aminosilanes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of CdxZn1−xO nanoparticles‐doped aryl poly ether ether ketone for novel application potentials
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E. , Shirbeeny W. , Al‐Ghamdi A. A. , Al‐Heniti S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe influence of polymer on the structure, optical, electrical, and thermal properties of nanoscale fillers is a crucial clue to introduce these novel nanocomposites to service life applications. In the present work, different compositions of cadmium‐doped zinc oxide (CdxZn1−xO) nanopowders, x = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5, with a uniform particle size of around 8 nm have been synthesized. A fixed amount, 1 wt %, of the prepared nanopowders was blended with aryl poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) by solution mixing to prepare PEEK/CdxZn1−xO nanocomposite films. The structure and morphology of CdxZn1−xO nanopowders and PEEK/CdxZn1−xO nanocomposite films have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The results showed that the particle size of nanoscale filler decreases from 10 nm to 5–7 nm when mixed with PEEK and these nanocomposites have amorphous structure. The thermogravitational analysis results show that a small amount of CdxZn1−xO nanopowders (1 wt %) without surface modification can greatly improve the thermal stability of PEEK. The UV–vis spectra showed that there is absorption peak at 284 nm due to interband π−π* electronic transition. This absorption peak gets shifted toward the longer wavelength region as the concentration of cadmium ions increase in the PEEK matrix. This red shift results in a decrease of the band energy gap. The electrical conductivity of PEEK/CdxZn1−xO nanocomposite films was increased as the cadmium ion increases. The results showed that PEEK/CdxZn1−xO nanocomposite films can be used in thermostat and/or fire alarm devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation of acid‐cleavable branched polymers for argon fluoride photoresists via reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization
Authors: Sohn Hae‐Sung , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Lee Aeri , Lee Jae‐Woo , Kim Jeong‐Sik , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA series of branched polymers for chemically amplified resists (CARs) were prepared through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of three monomers with lithographic functionalities and an acid‐cleavable dimethacrylate monomer. The three monomers with lithographic functionalities were 2‐ethyl‐2‐adamantyl methacrylate, α‐γ‐butyrolactone methacrylate, and 3‐hydroxy‐1‐adamantyl methacrylate. The acid‐cleavable monomer was 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐hexanediol dimethacrylate (DMHDMA), and 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl‐1‐dithionaphthalate was used as a chain‐transfer agent. Because DMHDMA contains two methacrylate groups, it induced the branched structures of the polymers. The degree of branching could be controlled by the molar fraction of DMHDMA in the monomer mixtures. The size and structure of the polymers obtained after hydrolysis were very close to those of linear polymers prepared by RAFT copolymerization with the same amount of reagents, only without the acid‐cleavable monomer. A preliminary lithography test using an argon fluoride source demonstrated that the acid‐cleavable branched polymers could be promising candidates for CAR materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012