bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of Dominant Polarity in Ambipolar Polydiketopyrrolopyrrole with Thermally Removable Groups
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Han A‐Reum , Hong Jayeon , Seo Jung Hwa , Oh Joon Hak , Yang Changduk 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA narrow bandgap polymeric semiconductor, BOC‐PTDPP, comprising alkyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and tert‐butoxycarbonyl (t‐BOC)‐protected DPP, is synthesized and used in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). The polymer films are prepared by solution deposition and thermal annealing of precursors featuring thermally labile t‐BOC groups. The effects of the thermal cleavage on the molecular packing structure in the polymer thin films are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV‐vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Upon utilization of solution‐shearing process, integrating the ambipolar BOC‐PTDPP into transistors shows p‐channel dominant characteristics, resulting in hole and electron mobilities as high as 1.32 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 2.63 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are about one order of magnitude higher than those of the drop‐cast films. Very intriguingly, the dominant polarity of charge carriers changes from positive to negative after the thermal cleavage of t‐BOC groups at 200 °C. The solution‐sheared films upon subsequent thermal treatment show superior electron mobility (μe = 4.60 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1), while the hole mobility decreases by one order of magnitude (μh = 4.30 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1). The inverter constructed with the combination of two identical ambipolar OFETs exhibits a gain of ∼10. Reported here for the first time is a viable approach to selectively tune dominant polarity of charge carriers in solution‐processed ambipolar OFETs, which highlights the electronically tunable ambipolarity of thermocleavable polymer by simple thermal treatment.
Familial cortical myoclonus with a mutation in NOL3
Authors: Russell Jonathan F. , Steckley Jamie L. , Coppola Giovanni , G. Hahn Angelika F. , Howard MacKenzie A. , Kornberg Zachary , Huang Alden , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Merriman Barry , Klein Eric , Choi Murim , Lee Hsien‐Yang , Kirk Andrew , Nelson‐Williams Carol , Gibson Gillian , Baraban Scott C. , Lifton Richard P. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Fu Ying‐Hui , Ptáček Louis J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:Myoclonus is characterized by sudden, brief involuntary movements, and its presence is debilitating. We identified a family suffering from adult onset, cortical myoclonus without associated seizures. We performed clinical, electrophysiological, and genetic studies to define this phenotype.Methods:A large, 4‐generation family with a history of myoclonus underwent careful questioning, examination, and electrophysiological testing. Thirty‐five family members donated blood samples for genetic analysis, which included single nucleotide polymorphism mapping, microsatellite linkage, targeted massively parallel sequencing, and Sanger sequencing. In silico and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate functional significance of the mutation.Results:We identified 11 members of a Canadian Mennonite family suffering from adult onset, slowly progressive, disabling, multifocal myoclonus. Somatosensory evoked potentials indicated a cortical origin of the myoclonus. There were no associated seizures. Some severely affected individuals developed signs of progressive cerebellar ataxia of variable severity late in the course of their illness. The phenotype was inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. We demonstrated linkage to chromosome 16q21‐22.1. We then sequenced all coding sequence in the critical region, identifying only a single cosegregating, novel, nonsynonymous mutation, which resides in the gene NOL3. Furthermore, this mutation was found to alter post‐translational modification of NOL3 protein in vitro.Interpretation:We propose that familial cortical myoclonus is a novel movement disorder that may be caused by mutation in NOL3. Further investigation of the role of NOL3 in neuronal physiology may shed light on neuronal membrane hyperexcitability and pathophysiology of myoclonus and related disorders. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:175–183.
Potential of shipborne GPS atmospheric delay data for prediction of Mediterranean intense weather events
Authors: Boniface K. , Champollion C. , Chery J. , Ducrocq V. , Rocken C. , Doerflinger E. , Collard P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHigh spatial and temporal variability of mesoscale moisture fields is still a challenge for quantitative precipitation forecast within numerical weather prediction (NWP) models especially over ocean regions where observations are lacking. This study presents the comparison between integrated water vapor over the Mediterranean Sea determined from shipborne GPS, the NWP ALADIN/Météo‐France model and MODIS retrieval during a 4‐month campaign (autumn 2008).While moisture prediction of the NWP remains accurate during most of the observation period, there are significant periods with offsets between GPS data and model predictions. We analyze such events and discuss the associated meteorological situation. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Experiments, measurements, and mathematical modeling to decipher time signals in development
Authors: Tendeng Christian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGood progress has been made in identifying key signaling molecules and explaining how they are used to generate spatial patterns during embryonic development. In contrast, little is known about the control of timing or how cells use time signals in the developing embryo. In this review, I describe how direct measurements from the embryo combined with mathematical modeling could bring new insights. To illustrate this point, I discuss three examples: the Dpp gradient during growth of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc; the Polycomb‐based epigenetic silencing during vernalization in plants; and the Notch‐dependent somite segmentation clock. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 96:121–131, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entwurf und Aufbau eines zweiaxialen Split‐Hopkinson‐Bars
Authors: Hummeltenberg Anja , Curbach Manfred 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden der Entwurf und der Aufbau eines zweiaxialen Split‐Hopkinson‐Bars und erste experimentelle Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Um das Verhalten von Materialien unter stoßartigen also dynamischen Belastungsbedingungen zu ermitteln, ist der Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar eine etablierte Versuchsmethode. Dabei ist es möglich, Proben definiert einaxial und mit Verzerrungsraten von 50 bis 150 1/s zu belasten. Mit dem zweiaxialen Versuchsstand soll das Materialverhalten von Betonen unter zweiaxialen dynamischen Belastungszuständen untersucht werden. Daher muss die zu entwickelnde Versuchsanlage hinsichtlich der zu untersuchenden Betone, hinsichtlich der zu untersuchenden Verzerrungsraten bzw. Belastungsgeschwindigkeiten sowie hinsichtlich einer synchronen zweiaxialen Belastung konzipiert werden.Design and construction of a biaxial Split‐Hopkinson‐BarThe Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar setup is a widely used method to determine the dynamical properties of materials under high loading rates. From these experiments, a rise of the concrete compression strength with increasing loading rate is known. Furthermore, an increase of compression strength under multiaxial static loading conditions is known. For the purpose to study the effect of multiaxial compression and concurrently high loading rates, a biaxial Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar has been designed and built up. With this test facility strain rates up to 150 1/s can be reached. The design of this biaxial Split‐Hopkinson‐Bar requires the consideration of the material strength of the test specimens, the loading rates and the synchronisation of two gas guns.
Green and Sustainable Remediation – A Perspective for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites?
Authors: Held Thomas , Noé Karl 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDas im Bereich Umweltschutz verankerte Prinzip der Nachhaltigkeit wird mehr und mehr auch auf den nachsorgenden Umweltschutz, d. h. die Sanierung von Boden und Grundwasser, angewendet. Während im europäischen Ausland die Diskussionen in vollem Gange sind, haben sie in Deutschland gerade erst begonnen. Unter den drei für die Nachhaltigkeit relevanten Säulen Umwelt, Ökonomie und Gesellschaft werden derzeit im Sinne einer Green Remediation vor allem Aspekte der Schonung von Ressourcen berücksichtigt.
On the design of energy‐efficient hardware transactional memory systems
Authors: Gaona E. , Titos R. , Fernández J. , Acacio M. E. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYTransactional memory is currently being advocated as a promising alternative to lock‐based synchronization because it simplifies multithreaded programming. In this way, future many‐core chip multiprocessor architectures may need to provide hardware support for transactional memory. On the other hand, energy consumption constitutes nowadays a first class consideration in multicore processor designs. In this work, we characterize the performance and energy consumption of two well‐known hardware transactional memory systems that employ opposite policies for data versioning and conflict management. More specifically, we compare a LogTM‐SE eager‐eager system and a version of the Scalable Transactional Coherence and Consistency lazy‐lazy system that enable parallel commits. To do so, we extended the Multifacet GEMS simulator to estimate the energy consumed in the on‐chip caches according to CACTI and used the interconnection network energy model given by Orion 2. Results show that the energy consumption of the eager‐eager system is 38% higher in average than in the lazy‐lazy case, whereas performance differences between the two systems are 26% in average. We found that even though lazy‐lazy beats eager‐eager on average, there are considerable deviations in performance depending on the particular characteristics of each application and the settings of both systems. Finally, from this characterization, we observe that a significant part of the energy consumed in some applications in eager‐eager is spent on the back‐off delay phase and explore more energy‐efficient hardware back‐off mechanisms. For lazy‐lazy systems, the way in which memory lines are assigned to the L2 cache banks affects the number of parallel commits in some applications, and we study an alternative fine‐grained assignment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bargaining‐based spectrum sharing in cognitive radio network
Authors: Yan Yang , Chen Xiang , Zhou Chunhui , Zhong Xiaofeng , Zhao Ming , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYCognitive radio (CR) can significantly alleviate the network pressure caused by the rapid development of wireless communications through allowing secondary users (SUs) to obtain spectrum resource from primary users (PUs). One key issue of CR technology is spectrum sharing, that is, how spectrum should be allocated between SUs without causing interference to PUs. In this paper, we propose a bilateral bargaining mechanism to achieve this goal between two SUs. The general network scenario with multiple SUs can be decomposed into multiple pairs of bilateral bargaining studied in this paper. The SUs have to reach a mutual satisfactory agreement on the partition of spectrum by making alternating offers to each other. We model such bargaining process as dynamic finite/infinite horizon multistage game with observed actions and fully characterize the corresponding subgame perfect equilibria. Moreover, theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that our proposed scheme can effectively allocate spectrum resource between SUs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of zeolite ZSM‐5: Effect of emulsifiers
Authors: Chauhan Nilam L. , Das Jagannath , Jasra Raksh V. , Murthy Z. V. P. , Parikh Parimal A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractZeolite ZSM‐5 has been synthesized in presence of various emulsifiers. Influence of types and proportions of cationic, anionic and non‐ionic emulsifier has been studied. Cationic emulsifier, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide resulted in an amorphous phase, whereas anionic emuisifier, sodium lauryl sulphate afforded crystalline phase, identified as magadiite. Non‐ionic emulsifiers, 1,2,3‐benzotriazole and sorbital mono‐stearate led to the formation of pure crystalline ZSM‐5 phase. Emulsifier concentration was found to affect the process of crystallization, and the crystal size and morphology of ZSM‐5. Emulsifier necessitated higher crystallization temperature and/or longer hydrothermal period. ZSM‐5 crystallization was observed to proceed through magadiite phase formation. In case of benzotriazole, unusual stacked square platelet type morphology and with sorbital monostearate, very small crystals were observed.
Effect of Ca on HoPO4·nH2O (n = 1 and 2) crystallization from phosphoric acid solution
Authors: Kijkowska R. , Malina D. , Sobczak‐Kupiec A. , Wzorek Z. , Orlicki R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCa‐substituted holmium phosphate, isomorphic with tetragonal form of HoPO4·H2O was synthesized by crystallization from boiling phosphoric acid (2 M H3PO4) solution containing 0.02M of Ho and 0–0.2 M of Ca. Calcium concentration, higher than 0.2 M Ca in solution resulted in biphasic solid crystallization: tetragonal HoPO4·H2O and orthorhombic HoPO4·2H2O. Ca incorporation in the solid according to substitution mechanism: Ca2+ + H+ ↔ Ho3+ was limited to ∼3 wt.% and was coupled with simultaneous incorporation of HPO42−. Ca for Ho substitution caused an expansion of the tetragonal unit cell of HoPO4·H2O, resulted from differences in the ionic radii (rCa > rHo). Effects of thermal treatment at 900 °C were as follows: (i) the orthorhombic admixture of HoPO4·2H2O re‐crystallized into tetragonal anhydrous HoPO4, (ii) Ca–at first dissolved in crystal structure of HoPO4·H2O was expelled from it during re‐crystallization to form Ca(PO3)2, and that was associated with a contraction of the unit cell; a ‐ and c‐ axes went down to the level of Ca‐free anhydrous tetragonal form of HoPO4. (iii) HPO42− present in the solids as prepared underwent condensation according to reaction 2HPO42− → P2O74− + H2O. Scanning electron micrographs revealed significant changes in size and morphology of the crystals ranging from spherical globules of HoPO4·H2O formed in Ca‐free H3PO4 with increasing diameter in the presence of lower Ca concentration to rod‐like crystals organized in bundles resembling the “scheaf of wheat”, while crystallized from phosphoric acid solution with higher than 0.2 M Ca.
Differentiating event‐related potential components sensitive to emotion in middle childhood: Evidence from temporal–spatial PCA
Authors: Kujawa Autumn , Weinberg Anna , Hajcak Greg , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) may be particularly useful for examining emotional processing across development. Though a number of ERP components are sensitive to emotional content in adults, previous studies have yet to systematically examine the components sensitive to emotion in children. The current study used temporal–spatial principal components analysis (PCA) to identify ERP components in response to complex emotional images in 9‐year‐old children. Three components were modulated by emotional content and were similar to those previously observed in adults, including: the early posterior negativity, the P300, and a sustained relative positivity similar to the late positive potential (LPP). Compared to those previously observed in adults, the components sensitive to emotion in children were maximal over more occipital regions and the LPP component appeared to be less protracted in time, perhaps indicative of less elaborative processing of emotional stimuli. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 539–550, 2013
Photoinitiated Dioxygenase‐Type Reactivity of Open‐Shell 3d Divalent Metal Flavonolato Complexes
Authors: Grubel Katarzyna , Marts Amy R. , Greer Samuel M. , Tierney David L. , Allpress Caleb J. , Anderson Stacey N. , Laughlin Brynna J. , Smith Rhett C. , Arif Atta M. , Berreau Lisa M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIrradiation of 3‐hydroxyflavonolato (3‐Hfl) complexes of MnII, CoII, NiII and CuII (1–4) at 300 nm under aerobic conditions results in dioxygenase‐type reactivity and the formation of the corresponding divalent metal O‐benzoylsalicylato (O‐bs) complexes 8–11 and CO. The latter were characterized by using multiple methods, including elemental analysis, X‐ray crystallography, NMR and/or EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. Compounds 1–4 serve as catalysts for the photoinduced reactivity of 3‐hydroxyflavonol (3‐HflH) to produce O‐benzoylsalicylic acid as the major product. Spectroscopic studies (UV/Vis and 1H NMR) show that each O‐benzoylsalicylato complex 8–11 reacts with one equiv. of 3‐hydroxyflavonol to regenerate 1–4 and enable turnover reactivity. Unlike what is observed for free 3‐HflH, photoinduced reactions involving 1–4 and excess flavonol show only minor amounts of flavonol isomerization reactivity. These results indicate that the presence of a metal ion, whether under stoichiometric or catalytic conditions, facilitates the photoinduced degradation of 3‐HflH to produce a carboxylic acid and CO as products.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in semantic dementia after 6 months of memantine: an open‐label pilot study
Authors: Chow Tiffany W. , Fam David , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Verhoeff Nicolaas P. G. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Masellis Mario , Black Sandra E. , Wilson Alan A. , Houle Sylvain , Pollock Bruce G. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesTo follow up on the increases we reported in normalized metabolic activity in salience network hubs from a 2‐month open‐label study of memantine in frontotemporal dementia (FTD).MethodsWe repeated fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) after 6 months of drug use and subjected the data to Statistical Parametrical Mapping (SPM) analysis to reveal clusters of significant change from baseline. We also sought correlations between changes in behavioral disturbances on the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) and the PET signal.ResultsRecruitment of one progressive nonfluent aphasia and one behavioral variant FTD precluded statistical analysis for any FTD subtype other than semantic dementia (SD). The baseline‐to‐6‐month interval showed increased normalized metabolic activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex (p < 0.002) for five participants with SD. The 2–6‐month interval revealed a late increase in normalized metabolic activity in the left insula (p < 0.013), right insula (p < 0.009), and left anterior cingulate (p < 0.005). The right anterior cingulate showed both an initial increase and a delayed further increase (2–6 months, p < 0.016). FBI scores worsened by 43.3%. One participant with SD opted not to continue memantine beyond 2 months yet showed similar FDG‐PET increases.ConclusionsIncreases in normalized cortical metabolic activity in salience network hubs were sustained in SD over a 6‐month period. Because one participant without medication also showed these changes, further investigation is recommended through a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study with FDG‐PET as an outcome measure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between human papillomavirus vaccine uptake and cervical cancer screening in the Netherlands: Implications for future impact on prevention
Authors: Steens Anneke , Wielders Cornelia C.H. , Bogaards Johannes A. , Boshuizen Hendriek C. , de Greeff Sabine C. , de Melker Hester E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeveral countries recently added human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to cervical cancer screening in the effort to prevent cervical cancer. They include the Netherlands, where both programs are free. To estimate their combined future impact on cancer prevention, information is needed on the association between participation in vaccination now and in screening in the future and on what groups are at risk for nonparticipation. We studied the association between participation in screening by mothers and in vaccination by their daughters. Girls' vaccination status was matched by house‐address with their mothers' screening participation. We estimated the effect on cancer incidence by means of computer simulation. We investigated risk groups for nonparticipation using multivariable multilevel logistic regression and calculated population‐attributable fractions. Our results, based on 89% of girls invited for vaccination in 2009 (n = 337,368), show that vaccination status was significantly associated with mothers' screening participation (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% confidence interval: 1.51–1.57]). If a mother's screening is taken as proxy of a girl's future screening, only 13% of the girls will not participate in either program compared to 23% if screening alone is available. The positive association between vaccination and screening resulted in slightly lower model estimates of the impact of vaccination on cancer incidence, compared to estimates assuming no association. Girls with nonwestern ethnicities, with young mothers, who live in urban areas with low socioeconomic status, are at risk for nonparticipation. A significant part of potential nonscreeners may be reached through HPV vaccination. Estimates made before vaccination was introduced only slightly overestimated its impact on cervical cancer incidence.
Modelling runoff in a Swiss glacierized catchment—Part II: daily discharge and glacier evolution in the Findelen basin in a progressively warmer climate
Authors: Uhlmann Bastienne , Jordan Frédéric , Beniston Martin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the context of global warming, hydrological regimes in mountain areas are likely to be modified and will therefore result in significant impacts to the supply mechanisms for hydropower and other end‐uses of water, both in the mountains themselves and in the lowland regions downstream. The main objective here is to attempt a fine and continuous analysis of the impacts of such changes on runoff and glaciers in a largely ice‐covered catchment in the Swiss Alps: the Findelen watershed. The simulated daily discharge values have been obtained with a semi‐distributed hydrological model called Routing System 3 (RS3.0). A stochastic weather generator has been used to generate a 110 year sequence of meteorological input data—described in a companion article—that have been further perturbed in order to simulate a progressively warmer climate by the end of the century. The amplitude of atmospheric change is suggested by regional climate model simulations, under the A2 greenhouse‐gas emissions scenario. Results show at first an increase of discharge (19.4% in about 60 years) due to the rapid melt of the glacier, followed by a large decrease in runoff at the end of the period (−28% from the beginning to the end of the studied timeframe), primarily due to the depletion of the solid water reservoir. The glacier is indeed projected to lose 91% of its surface area. In parallel, a seasonal shift in flow patterns is also observed: the discharge values are high earlier in spring due to advanced snow and ice melt, while the rest of the curve flattens out. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society