bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refinement of causative genes in monosomy 1p36 through clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of small interstitial deletions
Authors: Rosenfeld Jill A. , Crolla John A. , Tomkins Susan , Bader Patricia , Morrow Bernice , Gorski Jerome , Troxell Robin , Forster‐Gibson Cynthia , Cilliers Deirdre , Hislop R. Gordon , Lamb Allen , Torchia Beth , Ballif Blake C. , Shaffer Lisa G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMonosomy 1p36 is the most common terminal deletion syndrome seen in humans, occurring in ∼1 in 5,000 live births. Common features include mental retardation, characteristic dysmorphic features, hypotonia, seizures, hearing loss, heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and behavior abnormalities. Similar phenotypes are seen among patients with a variety of deletion sizes, including terminal and interstitial deletions, complex rearrangements, and unbalanced translocations. Consequently, critical regions harboring causative genes for each of these features have been difficult to identify. Here we report on five individuals with 200–823 kb overlapping deletions of proximal 1p36.33, four of which are apparently de novo. They present with features of monosomy 1p36, including developmental delay and mental retardation, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities including hyperphagia, and seizures. The smallest region of deletion overlap is 174 kb and contains five genes; these genes are likely candidates for some of the phenotypic features in monosomy 1p36. Other genes deleted in a subset of the patients likely play a contributory role in the phenotypes, including GABRD and seizures, PRKCZ and neurologic features, and SKI and dysmorphic and neurologic features. Characterization of small deletions is important for narrowing critical intervals and for the identification of causative or candidate genes for features of monosomy 1p36 syndrome. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular characterization of a large family with an interstitial 15q11q13 duplication
Authors: Piard Juliette , Philippe Christophe , Marvier Marie , Beneteau Claire , Roth Virginie , Valduga Mylène , Béri Mylène , Bonnet Céline , Grégoire Marie‐José , Jonveaux Philippe , Leheup Bruno 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe clinical significance of an interstitial duplication of chromosome 15q11q13 is still not well documented. This abnormality has been associated with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and varying degrees of mental retardation. The clinical variability appears to be influenced by the parental origin of the duplication. We present here the clinical evaluation and psychological assessment of the largest reported family with 12 carriers on three generations. Patients exhibit mental retardation, motor and visuo‐motor skills impairments and adaptive functioning deficit without formal diagnosis of autism. There appeared to be evidence in the family of reduced penetrance in duplication of paternal origin. This familial 15q11q13 duplication was precisely investigated by cytogenetic and molecular techniques including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), PCR analysis of microsatellite markers, array‐comparative genomic hybridization analysis (Array‐CGH) and semi‐quantitative methylation‐sensitive PCR. Results showed an inherited 15q11q13 duplication of maternal origin in 10 patients and of paternal origin in the remaining two. The size of the duplicated area was around 6 Mb with breakpoints in accordance with those previously reported. This report extends the clinical spectrum of the 15q11q13 duplication, and we recommend the investigation of 15q11q13 duplication not only in subjects with autistic spectrum disorder but also in patients with low normal intelligence and dyspraxia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanocomposites‐based polyolefins as alternative to improve barrier properties
Authors: Carvalho J. W. C. , Sarantópoulos C. , Innocentini‐Mei L. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work investigates the influence of some ammonium quaternary compounds as coupling agent in polyethylene/clay nanocomposites to improve the performance of polyethylene used as packaging barrier material. The 3 wt % of vermiculite used as a nanofiller was added to linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and to linear low‐density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (LLDPE‐g‐MA). The analysis results revealed that the influence of both the clay exfoliation in a polymer matrix and the coupling agents on the barrier properties were significant. Among the coupling agents used, cetylpropyldimethylammonium chloride yielded the best result for vermiculite exfoliation. A reduction of up to 18% in the oxygen‐permeability coefficient was observed in the nanocompounds with exfoliated vermiculite. The nanocomposite produced with vermiculite did not prove to be efficient as a moisture barrier against according to the analysis performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The microencapsulation of terbinafine via in situ polymerization of melamine‐formaldehyde and their application to cotton fabric
Authors: Erkan Gökhan , Sariişik Merih , Pazarlioğlu Nurdan Kaşikara 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study an antifungal pharmaceutical agent, terbinafine, was microencapsulated by using in situ polymerization. The polymerization was carried out at four mole ratio level and preparations were applied to the 100% cotton fabric. X‐ray diffractometry, DSC, FTIR, BET, contact angle measurements, particle size distribution and imaging techniques were performed. Best results were obtained in the case of 8 : 1 mole ratio. Strength of microcapsule applied fabrics to washing and fungus were also determined. After 25 washing cycle, microcapsules were still in the fabric and had antifungal properties against A. niger. Antifungal strength against T. rubrum was observed up to 15 washing cycles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly(arylene‐co‐naphthalimide)s for use as proton exchange membranes
Authors: Zhang Feng , Li Nanwen , Zhang Suobo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of novel sulfonated poly(arylene‐co‐naphthalimide)s (SPPIs) were synthesized by Ni(0) catalytic coupling of sodium‐(2,5‐dichlorobenzoyl)benzenesulfonate and a naphthalimide dichloride comprising benzophenone groups at the meta‐position of the imido groups. These materials were to be used as proton exchange membranes. Viscosity measurements revealed that the as‐synthesized SPPI copolymers possessed high‐molecular weights. Flexible and tough membranes of considerable mechanical strength were obtained by solution casting after which the electrolyte properties of the polymers were intensively investigated. In boiling water, a low water swelling ratio of less than 10% was found, as characterized by dimensional stability testing; a result superior to that for Nafion 117 (i.e., 21.5 %). Hydrolytic testing indicated that the SPPIs displayed an excellent hydrolytic stability, and in addition, their corresponding membranes demonstrated higher proton conductivities than those of Nafion 117, especially at elevated temperatures. The SPPI‐80 membrane presented the highest conductivity of 0.302 S cm−1 for an IEC of 2.35 mequiv g−1 at 100°C, which was much higher than the corresponding value of Nafion 117 (0.178 S cm−1, at 100°C). A combination of a low methanol crossover with excellent thermo‐oxidative properties indicated that the SPPI membranes were good candidate materials for proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Lessons to be learned from the history of anatomical teaching in the United States: The example of the University of Michigan
Authors: Hildebrandt Sabine 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough traditional departments of anatomy are vanishing from medical school rosters, anatomical education still remains an important part of the professional training of physicians. It is of some interest to examine whether history can teach us anything about how to reform modern anatomy. Are there lessons to be learned from the history of anatomical teaching in the United States that can help in the formulation of contents and purposes of a new anatomy? This question is explored by a review of US anatomical teaching with special reference to Franklin Paine Mall and the University of Michigan Medical School. An historical perspective reveals that there is a tradition of US anatomical teaching and research that is characterized by a zeal for reform and innovation, scientific endeavor, and active, student‐driven learning. Further, there is a tradition of high standards in anatomical teaching through the teachers' engagement in scientific anatomy and of adaptability to new requirements. These traditional strengths can inform the innovation of modern anatomy in terms of its two duties—its duty to anatomy as a science and its duty toward anatomical education. Anat Sci Educ 3:202–212, 2010 © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Aqueous Extract of the Pericarp of Sapindus trifoliatus Fruits: A Novel ‘Green’ Catalyst for the Aldimine Synthesis
Authors: Pore Santosh , Rashinkar Gajanan , Mote Kavita , Salunkhe Rajeshri 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe catalytic efficiency in organic synthesis of the aqueous extract of the pericarp of Sapindus trifoliatus fruits was evaluated. The synthesis of a series of aldimines from aromatic aldehydes and amines was successfully catalyzed by the extract, whereas aromatic ketones and amines did not yield ketimines under comparable reaction conditions, indicating the chemoselective catalysis of the extract. The catalytic activity of the extract is due to saponins, which have a common structural skeleton containing a pentacyclic triterpenoid part substituted with different carbohydrate side chains. The mild conditions, high yields, and short reaction times not only make this protocol a valuable alternative to the conventional methods, but it also becomes significant under the roof of environmentally greener and safer processes.
Intraspecific Variability of the Essential Oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides ssp. rigida from Iran
Authors: Sonboli Ali , Atri Morteza , Shafiei Sedighe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrodistillated essential oils of Ziziphora clinopodioides ssp. rigida from nine populations of the Lashgardar protected region (Hamedan Province, Iran) were analyzed by using GC and GC/MS techniques to determine the intraspecific chemical variability. Altogether, 39 compounds were identified in the oils, and a relatively high variation in their contents was found. The main constituents of the essential oils were pulegone (0.7–44.5%), 1,8‐cineole (2.1–26.0%), neomenthol (2.5–22.5%), 4‐terpineol (0.0–9.9%), 1‐terpineol (0.0–13.2%), neomenthyl acetate (0.0–7.1%), and piperitenone (0.0–5.4%). For the determination of the chemotypes and the intraspecific chemical variability, the essential oil components were subjected to cluster analysis (CA). The five different chemotypes characterized were Chemotype I (pulegone/neomenthol), Chemotype II (pulegone), Chemotype III (pulegone/1,8‐cineole), Chemotype IV (neomenthol), and Chemotype V (1,8‐cineole/4‐terpineol).
Conformational Structure and Energetics of 2‐Methylphenyl(2′‐methoxyphenyl)iodonium Chloride: Evidence for Solution Clusters
Authors: Lee Yong‐Sok , Hodošček Milan , Chun Joong‐Hyun , Pike Victor W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDiaryliodonium salts allow the efficient incorporation of cyclotron‐produced [18F]fluoride ions into electron‐rich and electron‐deficient arenes to provide potential radiotracers for molecular imaging in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). This process (ArI+Ar′+18F−→Ar18F+Ar′I) is still not well understood mechanistically. To better understand this and similar reactions, it would be valuable to understand the structures of diaryliodonium salts in organic media, where the reactions are typically conducted. In this endeavor, the X‐ray structure of a representative iodonium salt, 2‐methylphenyl(2′‐methoxyphenyl)iodonium chloride (1), was determined. Our X‐ray structure analysis showed 1 to have the conformational M–P dimer as the unit cell with hypervalent iodine as a stereogenic center in each conformer. With the ab initio replica path method we constructed the inversion path between the two enantiomers of 1, thereby revealing two additional pairs of enantiomers that are likely to undergo fast interconversion in solution. Also LC–MS of 1 showed the presence of dimeric and tetrameric anion‐bridged clusters in weak organic solution. This observation is consistent with the energetics of 1, both as monomeric and dimeric forms in MeCN, calculated at the B3LYP/DGDZVP level. These evidences of the existence of dimeric and higher order clusters of 1 in solution are relevant to achieve a deeper general understanding of the mechanism and outcome of reactions of diaryliodonium salts in organic media with nucleophiles, such as the [18F]fluoride ion.
Second generation bio‐energy sources: School experiments and conceptual approaches for secondary education for the examples of biogas and hydrothermal carbonization
Authors: Jaeckel Maren Stine , Parchmann Ilka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn diesem Artikel werden zwei Umwandlungsmöglichkeiten von Biomasse in Treibstoffe mit höherer Energiedichte theoretisch vorgestellt und experimentelle Erarbeitungsmöglichkeiten für die Schulchemie aufgezeigt. Die konzeptionelle Einbindung erfolgt anhand der Gestaltung eines Seminarfachkurses, welcher unter dem Titel „Die Energieversorgung heute und morgen“ an mehreren Schulen der Region Oldenburg erprobt wurde.
The relationship between corporate governance and corporate social behavior: a structural equation model analysis
Authors: Sánchez José Luis Fernández , Sotorrío Ladislao Luna , Díez Elisa Baraibar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper extends previous research in corporate social responsibility from a corporate governance perspective. Through a two‐step procedure, this research develops a measurement model to measure the unobservable variable of social sensibility of corporate governance (SSCG) and tests empirically the effect of this variable on corporate social behavior using a structural model. Both models are estimated applying Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) and Bayesian methods for the 125 listed companies of the Spanish Continuous Stock Market. Two important conclusions are obtained of this research: first, a firm's SSCG can be measured through two different factors (the independence and pluralism of Boards and the ownership power), and second, there is a direct relationship between the firm's social sensibility of corporate governance and its social behavior. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Covalent Attachment of Aromatic Diisocyanate to the Sidewalls of Single‐ and Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Jung Yong Chae , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Hayashi Takuya , Kim Jin Hee , Kim Yoong Ahm , Endo Morinobu , Dresselhaus Mildred S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe carried out covalent functionalization of single‐ and double‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs and DWNTs) comparatively by using isocyanate chemistry. The introduction of aromatic diisocyanate on the sidewalls of the tubes was verified by the strong IR peak around 2272 cm–1 arising from the NCO asymmetric stretching mode, by the intensified sp3 peak at 285.2 eV in the C1s photoemission spectra, and by a typical TEM image of the amorphous‐like coating. The suppression of the optical properties in a covalently isocyanate‐functionalized SWNT is due to a breakdown of the van Hove singularities, whereas the strong optical activity in a covalently isocyanate‐functionalized DWNT originates from the geometrically shielded inner tubes. The chemically active isocyanate groups at the end of the phenyl diisocyanate that are covalently attached to the sidewalls of the DWNTs will allow us to utilize isocyanate chemistry in synthesizing functional organic–inorganic hybrid materials as well as high‐performance polymer composites.
A Highly Rearranged Pentaprenylxanthonoid from the Resin of Garcinia hanburyi
Authors: Tao Si‐Jia , Guan Shu‐Hong , Li Xing‐Nuo , Guo De‐An 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGamboketanol (1), a highly rearranged pentaprenylated xanthonoid, two new caged pentaprenylated xanthonoids, gambogefic acid A (2) and gambogellic acid A (3), together with two known compounds, were isolated from the acetone extract of the resin of Garcinia hanburyi. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–3 against HeLa tumor cell line was evaluated, with all of them being modestly active.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with concordant bone marrow involvement has peculiar genomic profile and poor clinical outcome
Authors: Chigrinova Ekaterina , Mian Michael , Scandurra Marta , Greiner Timothy C. , Chan Wing C. , Vose Julie M. , Inghirami Giorgio , Chiappella Annalisa , Baldini Luca , Ponzoni Maurilio , Ferreri Andrés J.M. , Franceschetti Silvia , Gaidano Gianluca , Tucci Alessandra , Facchetti Fabio , Lazure Thierry , Lambotte Olivier , Montes‐Moreno Santiago , Piris Miguel A. , Nomdedeu Josep Fr. , Uccella Silvia , Rancoita Paola M.V. , Kwee Ivo , Zucca Emanuele , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBone marrow (BM) involvement in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be morphologically discordant from the primary tumor. Concordant BM infiltration has been shown associated with a poorer outcome in patients treated with CHOP. In order to evaluate tumor‐related factors leading to BM involvement in DLBCL, we performed an integrated analysis of i) genomic profiles obtained with a high‐density genome wide SNP‐based arrays ii) immunomorphological and iii) clinical data from 133 patients uniformly treated with R‐CHOP. BM infiltration was found in 27 of 133 (20%) cases; and it was concordant in 18/27 (67%) cases. Concordant infiltration, but not discordant, influenced negatively OS, PFS and DFS and was associated with higher serum LDH, lower CR and higher PD rates. No association with cell of origin was found between BM+ and BM‐ DLBCL. As compared with BM‐ cases, BM+ DLBCL showed absence of 7q gain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Question of ALT flare during switch to adefovir from lamivudine: A single center open‐label, randomized, safety study (June 17, 2005 to February 5, 2009)
Authors: Hann Hie‐Won L. , Dunn Stephen R. , Ahn Meejin , Park So Young 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEarlier clinical studies have reported an ALT flare greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal in some patients with chronic hepatitis B when their lamivudine (LAM) treatment was switched to adefovir (ADV) therapy. The current study compared the safety of switching directly to ADV versus overlapping LAM and ADV for 3 months followed by ADV monotherapy. Patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving LAM therapy for ≥6 months were eligible for the study regardless of the presence of LAM resistance, HBeAg status or serum ALT levels. Eighteen patients (13 males) were randomized to direct switch to ADV and 17 patients (10 males) to overlap. HBV‐DNA, ALT, albumin, and total bilirubin were assayed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Study drugs were discontinued at the end of 12 months with the follow up at 3 and 6 months. The decision to continue antiviral therapy was made at the discretion of the investigator. Baseline ALT levels were similar between the direct switch and overlap group: median ALT (U/L) was 44.0 (16–266) and 33.0 (19–367) for direct switch for overlap group, respectively (P = 0.42). No ALT flare was noted at 3 months in either group: median ALT decreased from 44.0 to 34.5 U/L in the direct switch group, and from 33.0 to 23.0 in the overlap group. Furthermore, no patient in either group exhibited ALT flare throughout the 12 months. This study did not show an ALT flare during switch to ADV at 3 months or at any time later. J. Med. Virol. 82:1489–1493, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes among cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancers in Macao
Authors: Hlaing Thazin , Yip Yuk‐Ching , Ngai Karry L.K. , Vong Heong‐Ting , Wong Sio‐In , Ho Wendy C.S. , Batalha Sellma L.S.C. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMacao is a densely populated city situated in East Asia where a relatively high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 52 and 58 has been reported in women with invasive cervical cancer. To provide data for a population‐specific estimation on the impact of HPV vaccines, paraffin‐embedded tissues collected from women with invasive cervical cancer or cervical intrapeitheilal neoplasia grade 2 or 3 confirmed histologically were examined for HPV using the INNO‐LiPa kit. Of the 35 HPV‐positive patients with invasive cancer, one HPV type was detected in 68.6%, and 31.4% were co‐infected with more than one HPV type. Overall, HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 52, and HPV 54 were the most common types found respectively in 57.1%, 17%, 11.4%, and 8.5% of patients with invasive cervical cancer. Among the 59 HPV‐positive patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3, 55.9% hardbored one HPV type, and 44.1% had co‐infections. The common HPV types found included HPV 16 (52.5%), HPV 52 (23.7%), HPV 58 (18.7%), and HPV 33 (17%). Although HPV 11 (a low‐risk type) was also found commonly in invasive cervical cancers (14.3%) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (15.3%), the fact that they all existed as co‐infections with another high‐risk type suggested HPV 11 was not the cause of the lesion. The current vaccines targeting HPV 16/18 are expected to cover 62.9–74.3% of invasive cervical cancers and 32.2–55.9% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 in Macao. Widespread HPV vaccination is expected to reduce substantially the disease burden associated with cervical neoplasia in Macao. J. Med. Virol. 82:1600–1605, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 in an endemic population and patients with Kaposi's sarcoma in Mozambique
Authors: Caterino‐de‐Araujo Adele , Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Manuel Rolanda Carmen Rafael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe patterns of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) were assessed using immunofluorescence assays of samples from 155 persons seropositive for HHV‐8 seen at public health centers and 24 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) from Mozambique. Of the 155 persons without KS, 48 (31%) had antibodies against latent antigens only, 29 (18.7%) had antibodies against lytic antigens only, and 78 (50.3%) had antibodies against both types of antigen. The HHV‐8 antibody titer tended to increase with age until age 40, after which it began to decrease. High titers of antibodies against latent and lytic antigens of HHV‐8 were detected mostly in persons co‐infected with HIV, and these increased titers could have a predictive value. All patients with KS except four patients who were seronegative for HHV‐8 had elevated titers of HHV‐8 antibodies, predominantly against latent antigens. The data suggest the potential for an increase in the development of KS in this endemic area for HHV‐8. J. Med. Virol. 82:1576–1581, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.