bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of students' performance in obtaining local anaesthesia in children
Authors: KAUFMAN E. , HOLAN G. , GOODMAN‐TOPPER E. , EIDELMAN E. 
Published: March 2010

Summary: This study was designed to determine the success of various local anaesthesia techniques as assessed by the presence or absence of pain during restorative procedures performed by senior undergraduate dental students in a paedodontic clinic. Data gathered from the treatment of 151 patients by 43 students recorded the frequency of pain complaints during procedures for which local anaesthesia had been employed. It was found that 73% of the administrations were successful. The proportion of children who complained of pain during the operative procedure was significantly higher in those with a previous history of a painful dental experience.Résumé. Le but de cette etude est de déterminer l'efficacite de diverses techniques d'anesthesie locale en fonction de la presence ou absence de douleur pendant des procédès de raparation effectués par des etudiants dentaires de terminale dans une consultation d'orthodontie pediatrique. Nous presentons les resultats du traitement de 141 patients par 43 etudiants, sous anesthesie locale. 73% des administrations furent efficaces. Le pour‐centage d'enfants se plaignant de douleur fut plus éleve de manière significative chez ceux ayant une experience antécédante de douleur dentaire.Zusammenfassung. Die Aufgabe dieser Arbeit ist die Beurteilung von verschiedenen Techniken der Lokalanästhesie sur Schmerzkontrolle bei konservierenden Eingriffen bei Kindern. Diese Techniken wurden angewendet von 43 undergraduate Studenten in einer kinderzahnmedizinischen Klinik an 151 Kinder. 73% der Anwendungen waren erfolgreich. Bei Kindern welche bei früheren zahnärztlichen Eingriffen Schmerzen erdulden mussten, klagten auch bei dieser Studie vermehrt über Schmerzen.Resumen. Este estudio determinó el éxito obtenido por varias técnicas de anestesia local al evaluar la presencia o ausencia de dolor durante procedimientos restaurativos realizados por estudiantes del último año de odontología en una clínica odontopediátrica. La información obtenida durante el tratamiento de 151 pacientes por 43 estudiantes consistió de la frecuencia de quejas por dolor durante los procedimientos en los que se utilizó anestesia local. Se encontró que el 73% de las administraciones anestésicas fueron exitosas. La proporción de niños que se quejo de dolor durante procedimientos de operatoria fue significativamente mayor en los casos con una previa experiencia dental dolorosa.
Transforming care strategies and nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes
Authors: Chaboyer Wendy , Johnson Joanne , Hardy Linda , Gehrke Tanya , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak 
Published: March 2010

chaboyer w., johnson j., hardy l., gehrke t. & panuwatwanich k. (2010)
Transforming care strategies and nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1111–1119.AbstractTitle.  Transforming care strategies and nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes. Aim.  This paper is a report of the effects of implementing 13 Transforming Care At the Bedside improvement strategies on medication errors, patient falls and pressure ulcers.Background.  A number of international reports and research studies have led to a focus on safety and quality in health care. Transforming Care At the Bedside involves nursing managers and front‐line staff together contributing to practice improvement.Method.  An observational, time series study in two medical units in one Australian hospital was conducted. Statistical process control analysis was used to identify changes in the outcomes. Routinely collected, anonymous clinical incident reports were used to calculate the proportion of reported clinical incidents that were reported to result in patient harm in the 15 months prior to and 18 months after Transforming Care At the Bedside strategies were implemented, between February, 2005 and December, 2007.Results.  The proportion of reported medication errors, falls and pressure ulcers that resulted in harm as reported in clinical incident reports were reduced from 46·3% to 17·1%, 97·0% to 51·0% and 91·3% to 46·6% respectively, representing an absolute reduction by about one half. Consistent, sustained improvement in the first two was demonstrated, but analysis showed wide variation in the third – pressure ulcers – which meant that the differences in this outcome may have occurred by chance.Conclusion.  A rapid change management cycle such as Transforming Care At the Bedside can be a useful process when implementing numerous clinical changes in short succession.
The relationship between organizational justice and workplace aggression
Authors: St‐Pierre Isabelle , Holmes Dave 
Published: March 2010

st‐pierre i. & holmes d. (2010) The relationship between organizational justice and workplace aggression. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1169–1182.AbstractTitle.  The relationship between organizational justice and workplace aggression. Aim.  This paper is a discussion of the links between organizational justice and workplace aggression.Background.  Managers have been identified as key players in implementing and maintaining an organizational culture of trust and justice. Employees who perceive themselves to be victims of injustice may rebel, using various means to ‘punish’ the source of the injustice.Data sources.  Literature review of publications in English and French from the early 1960 to 2009, including books, was conducted. Bibliographic databases searched for journal articles were Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Current Content, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science.Discussion.  The work environment and roles of nursing managers have changed considerably in the last 20 years, resulting in challenging working conditions for nursing managers. These can have an impact on their ability to create a trusting and fair culture, and can mean that they themselves be considered victims of organizational injustice.Implications for nursing.  The failure of many re‐engineering projects has been linked to a lack of consideration of the impact of perception of justice when implementing change. In addition, perception of organizational justice has the potential to influence many organizational outcomes, such as perception of respect and trust. As justice is a founding principle of biomedical ethics, principles of justice, equity and fairness must be upheld in practice in accordance with the requirements of professional codes of ethics.Conclusion.  The concept of justice is linked to the founding principles of biomedical ethics, and these must be upheld in order to practise in accordance with professional codes of ethics and conduct.
Wing pointedness associated with migratory distance in common‐garden and comparative studies of stonechats (Saxicola torquata)
Authors: BALDWIN M. W. , WINKLER H. , ORGAN C. L. , HELM B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMigration promotes utilization of seasonal resources, and the distance flown is associated with specific morphologies, yet these relationships can be confounded by environmental factors and phylogeny. Understanding adaptations associated with migration is important: although migration patterns change rapidly, it is unclear whether migratory traits track behavioural shifts. We studied morphometrics of four stonechat populations representing a migratory gradient and raised under common‐garden conditions. With multivariate analyses, we identified wing traits that differed clearly from general size trends, and used phylogenetic comparative methods to test the prediction that these traits correlated with migratory distance in captive and wild populations. Pointedness differed among populations, changed independently from overall body size, and was correlated with migration distance. Migration in stonechats may lead to deviations from allometric size changes, suggesting that birds may adapt morphologically to selection pressures created by their own behaviour in response to changing environmental conditions.
Allergic transfusion reactions from blood components donated by IgA‐deficient donors with and without anti‐IgA: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Robitaille N. , Delage G. , Long A. , Thibault L. , Robillard P. 
Published: March 2010

Background and Objectives  IgA deficiency is common (1/500) and up to 40% of affected individuals will develop anti‐IgA. A few studies suggested that passive transfusion of anti‐IgA was not associated with an increased risk of allergic reactions. This study was designed to assess the safety of transfusing blood components containing anti‐IgA.Materials and Methods  IgA‐deficient blood donors with and without anti‐IgA were identified from Héma‐Québec’s (HQ) computerized database. IgA deficiency was confirmed by an ELISA method and the presence of anti‐IgA by a passive hemagglutination assay. Blood donations from IgA‐deficient donors issued to hospitals between March 1999 and December 2004 were retrieved. Medical charts of recipients were reviewed for the occurrence of a suspected transfusion reaction. Presence and nature of transfusion reactions were assessed blindly by an adjudicating committee.Results  A total of 323 IgA‐deficient blood products were issued by HQ to 55 hospitals. Of these, 48 agreed to participate [315 blood products (97·5%)]. A total of 272 products were transfused: 174 contained anti‐IgA, and 98 did not. Only two minor allergic reactions occurred in each group. Incidence of allergic reactions was 1·15% in the anti‐IgA group and 2·04% in the group without anti‐IgA (P = 0·91). There was no anaphylactic reaction in either group.Conclusions  This study indicates that the proportion of allergic reactions does not appear to be greater in recipients of blood components containing anti‐IgA compared to recipients of non‐anti‐IgA‐containing components. Allowing donations from IgA‐deficient donors with anti‐IgA may therefore be contemplated.
Phase I/II safety study of transfusion of prion‐filtered red cell concentrates in transfusion‐dependent patients
Authors: Cahill M. R. , Murphy T. , Khan M. , Fagan J. , Murphy W. G. 
Published: March 2010

Background and Objectives  Variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob (vCJD) is a fatal transfusion transmissible prion infection. No test for vCJD in the donor population is currently available. Therefore, prion removal by filtration of red cell concentrate (RCC) is an attractive option for prevention.Materials and Methods  Twenty patients were recruited with ethical permission, to receive clinically necessary transfusion containing one unit of pfRCC. Follow‐up at 24 hours, 6 weeks and 6 months was undertaken. A second pfRCC was administered to 6 patients with similar follow up. pfRCC were prepared using the CE marked P‐Capt device by the IBTS.Results  In 20 transfused patients undergoing one exposure to a prion filtered unit, no attributable adverse events were noted. A subset of these (n = 6) underwent re‐exposure to a further filtered unit without incident.Conclusions  This phase 1/11 clinical study provides encouraging data on safety of prion filtration which can be used to plan more extensive studies on the use of filtered blood in adults and children.
Enemy Recognition of Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus): Threats and Reproductive Value Act Independently in Nest Defence Modulation
Authors: Campobello Daniela , Sealy Spencer G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOrganisms should respond more aggressively towards species perceived as a danger to their offspring, but intensity of defence may be gauged by the value of current offspring weighed against the value of future reproductive opportunities. We tested whether defensive responses of nesting reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) are the result of an interaction effect between the type of stimulus confronted and the value of the warbler’s nesting attempt. We quantified the ability of reed warblers to discriminate among brood parasites, nestling predators and non‐threatening species at different stages of the breeding cycle. We also determined whether variables that influence the value of offspring, such as time of season, size and age of clutch or brood, and time of day and number of visits to the nest, explain variation in the intensity of defence recorded during the egg and nestling stages. Responses to the three stimuli differed significantly, as reed warblers consistently directed their mobbing calls and attacks towards parasites, whereas they were less conspicuous when confronted with models of predators. Reed warblers modulated their responses towards each stimulus in accordance with the threat each posed at a specific nesting stage, whereas they were not affected by other variables relative to their reproductive potential. The churr call, however, was uttered independently of the stimulus, as it was triggered by the mere presence of nestlings in the nest.
Overhead is superior to underneath light‐emitting diode phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal jaundice: A comparative study
Authors: Tayman Cuneyt , Tatlı Mustafa Mansur , Aydemir Salih , Karadag Ahmet 
Published: March 2010

Aim:  To compare the efficacy of overhead and underneath light‐emitting diode (LED) devices in the treatment of neonatal jaundice.Methods:  We compared two LED phototherapy devices: the neoBLUE device, which provides overhead illumination, and the neoBLUE cozy device, which provides illumination from underneath the infant. The models we used had similar LED sources and provided similar light intensities (30 µW/cm2/nm). Infants with hyperbilirubinemia were assigned to one of two groups according to the phototherapy device used (group 1, overhead illumination, 181 infants; group 2, underneath illumination, 61 infants). Recorded variables included birthweight, gender, family history, aetiology of jaundice, total duration of phototherapy and total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentration at the initiation of phototherapy, at 12‐hour intervals and just before the cessation of phototherapy. The rates of decrease in TSB concentration were calculated.Results:  There were significant differences in the mean duration of phototherapy and in the rate of decrease in TSB concentration between the two groups. The mean duration of phototherapy in group 2 was higher than in group 1 (P= 0.037). The rate of decrease in TSB in group 1 was higher than in group 2 (P= 0.01).Conclusion:  These results suggest that when phototherapy is used in the treatment of neonatal jaundice, the direction from which the light is applied should be considered in addition to light source intensity.
Securing endotracheal tubes: Does NeoBar availability improve tube position?
Authors: Brinsmead Tammy Lee , Davies Mark William 
Published: March 2010

Objective:  To assess if neonatal endotracheal tube (ETT) position improved with introduction of the NeoBar.Methods:  This retrospective study compared two cohorts of intubated neonates and their x‐rays. During the first 2‐month study period, ETTs were secured with tape only – the ‘Tape‐only’ period; during the second study period, they were secured with a NeoBar (or tape if the NeoBar was unsuitable) – the ‘NeoBar’ period. ETT tip position was assessed subjectively as very high, high, OK, low, or very low; and objectively by vertebral body position and the ETT‐tip‐to‐T1 distance.Results:  During the Tape‐only period, 59 babies had 275 x‐rays with an ETT visible. During the NeoBar period, 67 babies had 331 x‐rays with an ETT visible. There were 160 (58.2%) and 193 (58.3%) assessed as OK during the Tape‐only and NeoBar periods, respectively (Fisher's Exact Test, P= 1.0). There were more very high tubes during the NeoBar period, and more low and very low tubes during the Tape‐only period (Chi‐squared test, P= 0.011). A similar trend was observed with the distribution of the ETT‐tip‐to‐T1 distance (difference not statistically significant, Mann–Whitney test, P= 0.079).Conclusion:  During both time periods, less than two‐thirds of ETTs were located in an acceptable position. For ETTs in unacceptable positions, there were more tubes in the higher positions during the NeoBar period, and more tubes in the lower positions during the Tape‐only period. Further investigation is necessary to clarify if the differences in ETT position on x‐ray correlate with relevant clinical outcomes.
Bilious vomiting in the newborn: 6 years data from a Level III Centre
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Lakkundi Anil , Carse Elizabeth 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Bilious vomiting in the newborn is an urgent condition that frequently requires neonatal and paediatric surgical involvement. Investigations involve abdominal X‐ray and contrast imaging in most cases. We aimed to describe the prevalence of surgical intervention in this cohort and assess the reliability of contrast imaging in accurate prediction of underlying condition.Methods:  A retrospective audit of data from December 2001 to October 2007 was undertaken. Data on newborns admitted to a level III unit with bilious vomiting was extracted. Infants with bilious aspirates but no vomiting were excluded.Results:  Sixty‐one infants were admitted to the unit during the period with bilious vomiting. Most of them were out born (83.6%). Mean (and standard deviation) gestation was 38.3 weeks (±3.2); weight was 3173.5 grams (±717.6); day of admission was 3.68 days (1–28); and length of stay in the unit was 9.96 days (1–48). There were 52 (85.2%) abnormal X‐rays and 21 (34.4%) abnormal contrast studies. Sixteen (26.6%) babies had laparotomies of which 6 were malrotations with volvulus, 2 small bowel obstructions, 2 meconium ileus, 2 Hirschsprung's disease, 2 other findings, while 2 were normal. Positive predictive value (number of accurate predictions of surgical findings) for barium contrast studies was 85.7% in this series.Conclusion:  Bile stained vomiting is a surgical emergency and prompt investigation is the key in the management. Contrast studies still form the backbone of such investigations.
THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION OF UNDIFFERENTIATED‐TYPE INTRAMUCOSAL GASTRIC CANCER WITHOUT ULCERATION AND PREOPERATIVELY DIAGNOSED AS 20 MILLIMETRES OR LESS IN DIAMETER
Authors: Yamamoto Yorimasa , Fujisaki Junko , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Yoshimoto Kazuhito , Ueki Nobue , Chino Akiko , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Hoshino Etsuo , Hiki Naoki , Fukunaga Tetsu , Sano Takeshi , Yamaguchi Toshiharu , Takahashi Hiroshi , Miyata Satoshi , Yamamoto Noriko , Kato Yo , Igarashi Masahiro 
Published: March 2010

Aim:  The aim of the present study was to examine therapeutic outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of undifferentiated‐type intramucosal gastric cancer and the problems of diagnosis.Methods:  We reviewed 58 patients with preoperatively diagnosed undifferentiated‐type intramucosal early gastric cancer (EGC) without ulceration with a diameter of 20 mm or smaller (expanded‐indication lesion) who underwent ESD at the Cancer Institute Hospital between September 2003 and August 2008.Results:  The overall rates of one‐piece resection and complete resection were 98% and 90% respectively, and the median operation time was 70 min. Bleeding was seen in 8.6% and perforation in 3.4%. The curative resection rate was low at 79%. Factors responsible for non‐curative resection were most commonly submucosal invasions. If limited to pathologically diagnosed expanded‐indication lesions, the curative resection rate was 98%. The difference in tumor size between a macroscopic diameter and a histological diameter was within ±5 mm in 96% of expanded‐indication lesions, with none of these cases having a histological diameter that exceeded the macroscopic diameter by more than 5 mm.Conclusion:  ESD was technically feasible for expanded‐indication lesions of undifferentiated‐type EGC. We achieved a high rate of curative resection by the markings at sites 5 mm beyond the preoperatively determined lesion area. Factors responsible for non‐curative resection were most commonly submucosal invasions. We should diagnose the depth of such lesions more carefully.
Missed lesions in synchronous multiple gastric cancer
Authors: Ha Tae Kyung , An Ji Yeong , Youn Ho Geun , Choi Min Gew , Noh Jae Hyung , Sohn Tae Sung , Kim Sung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aims of this study were to define differences between synchronous multiple gastric cancer (MGC) and solitary gastric cancer (SGC) and to evaluate the characteristics of missed lesions in MGC so as to improve the detection rate of missed lesions during perioperative procedure.Methods:  The authors retrospectively analysed data on 9157 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a single hospital. The characteristics of 8893 SGC and 264 MGC patients were evaluated. The characteristics of missed lesions in MGC were compared with those of diagnosed lesions found in preoperative endoscopy.Results:  Of the 9157 gastric patients, 264 patients with MGC showed a total of 565 cancer lesions, 70 of which were missed at endoscopy. The patients with MGC demonstrated different characteristics compared with those with SGC in terms of sex, age, type of operation, depth of tumour, lymph node metastasis, tumour size, tumour location and curability (P < 0.05). The characteristics of the missed lesions (n= 70) were a small size (P < 0.05), a middle one‐third location (P < 0.001) and a flat type by macroscopic examination (P < 0.05) as compared with detected lesions (n= 495). No survival difference was detected between patients with and without missed lesions over a mean follow‐up of 36.0 ± 22.7 month.Conclusions:  Preoperative gastroscopy should be performed meticulously in the entire stomach, especially in older men, in order to identify the presence and locations of cancer lesions that might otherwise be missed.
Therapeutic embolization in the treatment of recurrent haemarthrosis following knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tat‐Sing Law Michael , McClure David N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecurrent spontaneous haemarthrosis after knee arthroplasty occurs in less than 1% of cases, commonly thought to be the result of impingement of hypertrophic vascular synovium or fat pads, and exacerbated by anti‐coagulation or anti‐platelet therapy. Traditional treatment comprises an initial period of rest followed by open or arthroscopic washout, and by synovectomy if bleeding recurs or fails to settle. We present three cases of recurrent haemarthrosis following knee arthroplasty, which were successfully treated by angiography and feeding vessel coil embolization. An injury to one of the genicular arteries was identified as the cause of bleeding in all three cases; one manifest as a traumatic arteriovenous fistula. Bleeding ceased in all cases without recurrence (follow‐up period 6 months – 5 years, median of 2 years). Endovascular treatment offers a minimally invasive treatment option in selected cases of recurrent post‐operative haemarthrosis.