bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photostability of D–π–A nonlinear optical chromophores containing a benzothiazolium acceptor
Authors: Cigáň Marek , Gáplovský Anton , Sigmundová Ivica , Zahradník Pavol , Dĕdic Roman , Hromadová Magdaléna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor the practical application of second‐order NLO materials, not only a high molecular quadratic hyperpolarizability β but also good thermal, chemical, and photochemical stabilities are required. Most of the state‐of‐the‐art chromophores with high NLO response cannot be put to use because they are photochemically highly unstable. Good thermal and photochemical stabilities with preserved high hyperpolarizabilities can be achieved by replacement of an aromatic ring with easily delocalizable heteroaromatics, e.g., with benzothiazole. Furthermore, desirable modifications of the benzothiazole fragment lead to improvement in β values. Here we report results of a comprehensive investigation of the photochemical stability of seven D–π–A push–pull molecules based on a N‐methylbenzothiazolium acceptor and a N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl donor with a different length of conjugated bridge and different acceptor strength. The quantum yield (Φ) and the kinetic parameters of photoreactions were determined for existing photodegradation pathways on irradiation at 300–850 nm in MeOH. Trans–cis photoisomerization is proposed as a fast but inefficient photobleaching mechanism for these irradiation wavelengths. Self‐sensitized photooxidation by 1O2 makes very slow parallel photodegradation pathway and, albeit to small value of Φ, plays a dominant role in the photodegradation of the compounds investigated. Both structural modifications (extension of conjugated bridge and an additional acceptor group bonded to heterocycle) resulting in an increase of NLO response led to a decrease in photostability due to the self‐sensitized 1O2 photooxidative attack. Thus a compromise should be found between an increase in NLO response and a decrease in photostability to make a choice of studied compounds for practical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear rheology of model filled elastomers
Authors: Papon Aurélie , Montes Hélène , Lequeux François , Guy Laurent 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSubmitted to large sinusoidal strains, filled elastomers not only show a decrease in their storage modulus — the Payne effect, but also a nonlinear behavior — their response is not sinusoidal anymore and involves strain‐stiffening. We show in this study that the two effects can be separated thanks to large amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The stress signal of filled elastomers consisting of a dispersion of silica particles into a polymeric matrix was decomposed into an elastic and a viscous part and we could observe simultaneously the Payne effect and a strain‐stiffening phenomenon. We showed that the strain‐stiffening was correlated with the Payne effect but came from various intricated effects. It most probably also has its origins in the finite extensibility of the polymer chains confined between solid particles, where the strain is larger. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Factors influencing the attitudes and behaviors of oncologists regarding the truthful disclosure of information to patients with advanced and incurable cancer
Authors: Cherny Nathan I. ,   on behalf of the Palliative Care Working Group of the European Society for Medical Oncology
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the attitudes of the European Oncologists to information disclosure to patients with advanced cancer, their self‐reported behaviors, and the factors that influence both attitudes and behaviors.Methods: ESMO members were invited to complete an online questionnaire to evaluate both attitudes and clinical behaviors relating to the disclosure of information to patients with advanced cancer. Data were analyzed to evaluate demographic, educational and social factors influencing attitudes and behaviors.Results: Two hundred and ninety‐eight completed surveys were returned. The survey demonstrated strong internal consistency construct validity. The responses indicate that individual clinicians generally display a range of behaviors including non‐disclosive as well as disclosive behaviors depending on the dynamics of individual interactions between oncologist and specific patient. Although regional cultural norms influence oncologists' attitudes toward disclosure and, indirectly, their self‐reported behaviors, the impact is influenced by other factors: in particular, perceived institutional professional norms, the degree of training in breaking bad news and the frequency of exposure to requests by family members to withhold information from the patient.Conclusions: Positive attitudes regarding disclosure of information to patients and disclosive behaviors can be encouraged, even in non‐Western countries, by the development of strong professional norms and education in breaking bad news and coping with the emotional responses of patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruption to radiation therapy sessions due to anxiety among patients receiving radiation therapy to the head and neck area can be predicted using patient self‐report measures
Authors: Clover Kerrie , Oultram Sharon , Adams Catherine , Cross Laraine , Findlay Naomi , Ponman Leah 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective: This analysis sought to determine whether patient self‐report measures were associated with disruption to radiation therapy sessions due to anxiety among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy to the head and neck region.Method: A cohort of patients undergoing radiation therapy to the head and neck region at a major regional radiation oncology treatment centre (ROTC) in Australia completed self‐report measures of anxiety, history of panic and fears relevant to use of an immobilising mask. The treating Radiation Therapist (RT) rated the level of session disruption due to patient anxiety during the Computerised Tomography/Simulation (CT/Sim) (baseline) session and first treatment session.Results: Complete data were obtained for 90 patients. RTs rated 11 and 24% of patients as having some level of session disruption session due to anxiety at baseline and Treatment 1, respectively. Five factors were significantly associated with session disruption at baseline in bivariate analyses: currently taking psycho‐active medication (p=0.008); fear of enclosed spaces (p=0.006); fear of face being covered up (p=0.006); fear of movement restriction (p=0.041) and ever had an anxiety attack (p=0.034). Sensitivity ranged from 0.57 to 0.75 and specificity ranged from 0.68 to 0.90. Only session disruption at baseline predicted disruption at Treatment 1 (p<0.01).Conclusions: This study offers some preliminary insights into the prevalence of patient anxiety severe enough to cause session disruption and patient self‐report measures which might be used to flag patients for prophylactic treatment. Further development and replication in a larger sample is warranted before introduction of these measures into routine practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of human xenotropic murine leukemia virus‐related gammaretrovirus (XMRV) in dutch prostate cancer patients
Authors: Verhaegh Gerald W. , de Jong Arjan S. , Smit Frank P. , Jannink Sander A. , Melchers Willem J.G. , Schalken Jack A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe occurrence of the retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)‐related virus (XMRV) has been reported in prostate tissue of patients with prostate cancer (PrCa). Considering the potential great medical and social relevance of this discovery, we investigated whether this finding could be confirmed in an independent group of Dutch sporadic PrCa cases.METHODSWe investigated the occurrence of XMRV in fresh‐frozen PrCa specimens of 74 PrCa patients from The Netherlands. Total RNA and DNA were isolated, subjected to cDNA synthesis, and analyzed by real‐time PCR targeting conserved XMRV sequences.RESULTSSpiking experiments showed that we were able to detect at least 10 copies of XMRV sequences in 100,000 cells by real‐time PCR, demonstrating high sensitivity of the assay. XMRV sequences were detected in 3 out of 74 (i.e., 4%) PrCa specimens. The number of XMRV containing cells was extremely low (1 in 600–7,000 cells). This was corroborated by the fact that XMRV could not be detected in consecutive tissue sections of the initial XMRV‐positive cases.CONCLUSIONSXMRV was rarely detected, and at extremely low levels, in sporadic PrCa samples from Dutch patients. When XMRV would play a causal role in prostate carcinogenesis, integration of the provirus could be expected to be present in, at least, a proportion of tumor cells. Therefore, our data do not support the claim that there is an association between XMRV infection and PrCa in Dutch PrCa patients. Prostate 77:415–420, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coselection of features and instances for unsupervised rare category analysis
Authors: He Jingrui , Carbonell Jaime 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRare category analysis is of key importance both in theory and in practice. Previous research work focuses on supervised rare category analysis, such as rare category detection and rare category classification. In this paper, for the first time, we address the challenge of unsupervised rare category analysis, including feature selection and rare category selection. We propose to jointly deal with the two correlated tasks, so that they can benefit from each other. To this end, we design an optimization framework which is able to coselect the relevant features and the examples from the rare category (a.k.a. the minority class). It is well justified theoretically. Furthermore, we develop the Partial Augmented Lagrangian Method (PALM) to solve the optimization problem. Experimental results on both synthetic and real data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 417‐430, 2010
Heterogeneous Graphene Nanostructures: ZnO Nanostructures Grown on Large‐Area Graphene Layers
Authors: Lin Jian , Penchev Miroslav , Wang Guoping , Paul Rajat K. , Zhong Jiebin , Jing Xiaoye , Ozkan Mihri , Ozkan Cengiz S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis and characterization of three‐dimensional hetergeneous graphene nanostructures (HGN) comprising continuous large‐area graphene layers and ZnO nanostructures, fabricated via chemical vapor deposition, are reported. Characterization of large‐area HGN demonstrates that it consists of 1–5 layers of graphene, and exhibits high optical transmittance and enhanced electrical conductivity. Electron microscopy investigation of the three‐dimensional heterostructures shows that the morphology of ZnO nanostructures is highly dependent on the growth temperature. It is observed that ordered crystalline ZnO nanostructures are preferably grown along the <0001> direction. Ultraviolet spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy indicates that the CVD‐grown HGN layers has excellent optical properties. A combination of electrical and optical properties of graphene and ZnO building blocks in ZnO‐based HGN provides unique characteristics for opportunities in future optoelectronic devices.
Surface‐Structured Gold‐Nanotube Mats: Fabrication, Characterization, and Application in Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Fathima Shahitha Jahir Hussain , Paul Jinu , Valiyaveettil Suresh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe fabrication and characterization of nanostructured fibrous gold mats having high specific surface areas is reported. Freestanding porous films of 6–20‐μm thickness and density 0.43 ± 0.02 g cm3 are prepared using e‐beam evaporation of gold on an electrospun nanoporous polymer template and subsequent removal of the template polymer in a suitable solvent. Structural characterization using electron microscopy techniques shows a nanofiber diameter in the range of 300–6000 nm, and the size of the nanochannels on the fiber surface is ≈200–350 nm. Such surface structuring is achieved through fast evaporation of organic solvent and phase separation of polymers during the electrospinning process. The wedge thickness varies from a few nanometers to a few tens of nanometers. The freestanding films possess good mechanical integrity and robustness. The calculated Young’s modulus based on the slope in the elastic region is ≈114 MPa and gives an ultimate breaking strength of 0.7–0.8 MPa at a percentage elongation of 1.5–2.0%. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements demonstrate the formation of polycrystalline gold nanostructures. Electrical characterization performed on these gold nanotubes reveals pure metallic behavior. Raman spectroscopic characterization of the fibrous membrane is performed using crystal violet (CV) adsorbed on it. Well‐defined spectral peaks are obtainable at concentrations as low as 10−7 M of CV, which did not give spectral signals at this low concentration on its own.
Capturing variability in business process models: the Provop approach
Authors: Hallerbach Alena , Bauer Thomas , Reichert Manfred 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsually, for a particular business process different variants exist. Each of them constitutes an adjustment of a reference process model to specific requirements building the process context. Contemporary process management tools do not adequately support the modeling of such process variants. Either the variants have to be specified as separate process models or they are expressed in terms of conditional branches within the same process model. Both methods often lead to redundancies making model adaptations a time‐consuming and error‐prone task. In this article, we discuss selected concepts of the Provop approach for modeling and managing process variants. A particular process variant can be configured at a high level of abstraction by applying a set of well‐defined change operations to a reference process model. In particular, this article discusses advanced concepts for the design and modeling of such a reference process model as well as for the adjustments required to configure the different process variants. Altogether, Provop provides a flexible and powerful solution for process variant management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H NMR‐based metabolomics approach to assess toxicity of bunker a heavy oil to freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Kokushi Emiko , Uno Seiichi , Harada Tomotaka , Koyama Jiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing a 1H NMR metabolomics approach, the effects of dietary exposure of bunker A heavy oil (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 5% in diet) on freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio, were examined. Statistical analysis by PCA score plots showed that the amount of metabolites in exposure groups 0.1, 1, and 5% differed from those in the control group. Although no discernible effects on metabolites were noted in the 0.1% exposure group as well as in the lowest concentration (0.01%) group, several metabolites such as amino acid (e.g., leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, histidine, proline, and methionine), 3‐D‐hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol were elevated, while another metabolite such as formate was reduced in 1 and 5% groups. These changes in the metabolites associated with the tri‐carboxylic‐acid (TCA) cycle suggest that oil exposure resulted in the disturbance of the TCA cycle in the liver of the carp. Isobutyrate, a marker of anoxia, was also increased in 1 and 5% exposures groups and was directly related to low hemoglobin concentrations leading to reduced oxygen transport by blood. In addition, significant elevation of creatinine in the plasma of carps exposed to 5% heavy oil suggests disturbance in kidney function. Thus, metabolomics approach can detect toxic effects of hazardous pollutants on fish. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
A new control methodology of wind turbine generators for frequency control of power system in isolated island
Authors: Kaneko Toshiaki , Uehara Akie , Yona Atsushi , Senjyu Tomonobu , Kim Chul‐Hwan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA wind turbine generator (WTG) system's output is not constant and fluctuates depending on wind conditions. Fluctuating power causes frequency deviations and adverse effects to an isolated power system when large output power from WTG systems is penetrated in the power system. This paper presents an output power control methodology of a WTG for frequency control using a load power estimator. The load power is estimated by a disturbance observer, and the output power command of the WTG is determined according to the estimated load. Besides, the WTG can also be controlled during wind turbulence since the output power command is determined by considering wind conditions. The reduction of the power system frequency deviation by using the WTG can be achieved by the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracing ridge regression coefficients
Authors: McDonald Gary C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRidge regression is a parameter estimation method used to address the collinearity problem frequently arising in multiple linear regressions. The methodology defines a class of estimators indexed by a non‐negative scalar parameter, k. When utilizing ridge regression, the analyst eventually chooses a particular value of k which, in turn, uniquely determines the regression parameter estimates within the ridge class. Many such methods of determination, both deterministic and stochastic, have been proposed and evaluated in the literature. A plot of the ridge regression estimates as a function of k, the so‐called ridge trace, is often used in the selection process. In this article, one such criterion, the square of the correlation coefficient of the actual dependent variable and its predicted values, is examined. It can be used, along with a ridge trace and other quantitative measures, as another important tradeoff between using ordinary least squares estimates and estimates from the ridge class. WIREs Comp Stat 2010 2 695–703 DOI: 10.1002/wics.126This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Linear Models
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Least Squares
Optimal control of cracks in elastic bodies with thin rigid inclusions
Authors: Khludnev A.M. , Leugering G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper we consider the control of cracks in elastic bodies with rigid inclusion. We first describe the problem statement, provide an equivalent formulation as a variational inequality and prove existence and uniqueness of solutions. Furthermore, we consider this problem as a limiting problem when the elasticity parameters of the inclusion tend to infinity. Then we formulate the optimal control problems and derive an explicit formula for the crack sensitivity and for the energy release rate. We show existence of optimal solutions.
A formulation of the linear discrete Coulomb friction problem via convex optimization
Authors: Acary V. , Cadoux F. , Lemaréchal C. , Malick J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new formulation of the dynamical Coulomb friction problem in finite dimension with discretized time. The novelty of our approach is to capture and treat directly the friction model as a parametric quadratic optimization problem with second‐order cone constraints coupled with a fixed point equation. This intrinsic formulation allows a simple existence proof under reasonable assumptions, as well as a variety of solution algorithms. We study mechanical interpretations of these assumptions, showing in particular that they are actually necessary and sufficient for a basic example similar to the so‐called “paradox of Painlevé”. Finally, we present some implementations and experiments to illustrate the practical aspect of our work.
Misdiagnosis of Niemann‐Pick disease type C as Gaucher disease
Authors: Lo Sarah M. , McNamara Joseph , Seashore Margherita R. , Mistry Pramod K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNiemann‐Pick disease type C (NPC) is a model for inborn errors of metabolism whose gene product mediates molecular trafficking rather than catabolizing macromolecules, as in classic lipidoses. We report the case of an infant who presented with hepatosplenomegaly without neurological abnormalities. Decreased activity of acid β‐glucosidase and elevated serum chitotriosidase and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase on repeated measurements led to initial diagnosis of Gaucher disease (GD). Failure to respond to enzyme replacement therapy after one year, however, put the diagnosis in question. Cholesterol esterification assays in cultured skin fibroblasts and NPC gene analysis led to the correct diagnosis of NPC. The patient had markedly reduced cholesterol esterification and was a compound heterozygote for a known and a novel mutation in the NPC gene (395delC and 2068insTCCC), which are both predicted to lead to protein truncation. Although the full phenotype of NPC involves hepatosplenomegaly and neurodegenerative disease, the initial presentation in a pediatric patient may be restricted to visceral disease. Of interest, this patient had decreased activity of leukocyte acid β‐glucosidase activity and elevated serum chitotriosidase to levels often seen in GD. Although acid β‐glucosidase activity in leukocytes was low, it was in the normal range in skin fibroblasts. Therefore, diagnostic delay may occur in NPC due to false positive testing for GD. Diagnosis of NPC requires a high index of suspicion and should be considered in a patient with hepatosplenomegaly even in the absence of neurodevelopmental signs. Prompt diagnosis will become increasingly important as effective therapies are developed for NPC.
Can We Make Assumptions About the Psychosocial Impact of Living as a Carrier, Based on Studies Assessing the Effects of Carrier Testing?
Authors: Lewis Celine , Skirton Heather , Jones Ray 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReceiving the results of genetic carrier testing may have an impact on the psychosocial health of the individual. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the psychosocial effects of carrier status for a range of conditions. To systematically review research focused on the psychological and social impact of carrier testing on individuals in order to identify factors affecting the impact of carrier testing results, and discern areas where further research is needed. Twenty relevant papers meeting criteria for inclusion in this review were found. The main themes identified across these studies included: anxiety, guilt and stigmatization, effect on family relationships, effect on self image, active coping mechanisms and reproductive issues. Variables related to the psychosocial effect of carrier testing included whether the carrier has an affected child, mode of inheritance, genetic counseling, and life stage. A key finding concerns carriers who already have an affected child; they are more likely to experience guilt and self‐blame, and change their reproductive plans compared to carriers without affected children. Additionally, some participants reported clinical features of the disorder for which they were being tested. Genetic counselors may erroneously assume that parents with affected children are aware of their own carrier status in the absence of testing, and they may offer inadequate support. Additionally, counselors should attempt to address patient misconceptions related to their health and carrier status.