bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with pleasure in daily life at the end of life: Recommended care strategy for cancer patients from the perspective of physicians and nurses
Authors: Nakano Kimiko , Sato Kazuki , Katayama Harumi , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:One of the most important goals of palliative care is achieving a good death. Most Japanese believe that “having some pleasure in daily life” is necessary at the end of life. The aim of this study was to identify, from the perspective of physicians and nurses, a care strategy that ensures that cancer patients have pleasure in daily life at the end of life.Method:We conducted semistructured interviews with experts in palliative care units. A total of 45 participants included 22 palliative care physicians and 23 nurses. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using a content analysis method.Results:Care for end-of-life cancer patients that ensures they have some pleasure in daily life was classified into five categories: “Pain assessment and pain easing” aimed to offer physical and psychological pain assessment and relief. “Maintenance of recuperative environment” aimed to offer care that arranged for assistive devices and equipment in the patient's room. “Support of daily life” aimed to offer care that eased accomplishment of daily activities. “Care that respects individuality” aimed to offer care that assessed sources of pleasure for the patient. “Events and complementary and alternative therapies” aimed to offer such care as aromatherapy and massage.Significance of results:The elements of care identified in this study are useful for all end-of-life cancer patients, even those who do not enter palliative care units. The next step of research is to test the efficacy of interventions that reflect the five identified categories of care for end-of life cancer patients.
Opportunity knocks: why non-Western donors enter humanitarianism and how to make the best of it
Authors: Binder Andrea , Meier Claudia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNon-Western countries such as Saudi Arabia, China, Brazil, and Turkey have all started to take part in global humanitarian action. Their engagement raises a number of fundamental questions: how will the diversification of government donors affect humanitarian activities and principles; and how will it affect the people and governments of crisis-affected countries or humanitarian organizations? This article finds that the rise of non-Western donors involves both risks, such as normative conflicts, and great potential, such as increased access and more resources. It also finds that non-Western humanitarian engagement has become too substantial to ignore and that opportunities can only be seized and risks mitigated if traditional actors actively engage with non-Western donors on a level playing field.
The Versatility of the Tongue Flap in the Closure of Palatal Fistula
Authors: Vasishta Sathish M.S. , Krishnan Gopal , Rai Y.S. , Desai Anil 
Published: July 2012

Aims Tongue flaps were introduced for intraoral reconstruction by Lexer in 1909. A retrospective study was performed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences (Dharwad, India), to assess the use of tongue flap in closure of palatal fistula. Material and Methods A total of 40 patients treated for palatal fistulas were included in this study from the period of January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2007; fistulas present in anterior and midpalate were considered. Patients’ preoperative photographs, clinical records, and preoperative speech analysis were recorded. Following completion of fistula closure, patients were assessed over 6 months to check flap viability, fistula closure, residual tongue function, aesthetics, and speech impediment. Results A total of 40 (24 male and 16 female) patients with palatal fistulas were treated with tongue flap in our study. Six patients were 4 to 6 years old, three were 7 to 10 years old, and 22 were 11 to 20 years old, which accounts for 68% of study subjects. There were nine patients 21 to 30 years old. In the early postoperative period, we encountered bleeding in one patient and sloughing in one patient. There are three recurrences, and two flaps were detached; all remaining cases showed satisfactory healing, and donor site morbidity was minimal. No speech deficits were evident. Conclusion Tongue flaps are used in cleft palate surgery because of their excellent vascularity, and the large amount of tissue that they provide has made tongue flaps particularly appropriate for the repair of large fistulas in palates scarred by previous surgery.
Prospective effects of traumatic event re‐exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder in syringe exchange participants
Authors: Peirce Jessica M. , Brooner Robert K. , Kolodner Ken , Schacht Rebecca L. , Kidorf Michael S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimDetermine the effect of traumatic event re‐exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity on proximal drug use and drug abuse treatment‐seeking in syringe exchange participants.DesignProspective longitudinal 16‐month cohort study of new syringe exchange registrants enrolled in a parent study of methods to improve treatment engagement.SettingData were collected in a research van next to mobile syringe exchange distribution sites in Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsMale and female (n = 162) injecting drug users (IDUs) registered for syringe exchange.MeasurementsTraumatic event re‐exposure was identified each month with the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. PTSD symptoms were measured with the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale–Revised, given every 4 months. Outcome measures collected monthly were days of drug use (heroin, cocaine) and drug abuse treatment‐seeking behavior (interest, calls to obtain treatment, treatment participation).FindingsEach traumatic event re‐exposure was associated with about 1 more day of cocaine use after accounting for the previous month's cocaine use [same month adjusted B, standard error = 1.16 (0.34); 1 month later: 0.99 (0.34)], while PTSD symptoms had no effect. Traumatic event re‐exposure increased interest in drug abuse treatment [same month adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals = 1.34 (1.11–1.63)] and calling to obtain treatment [same month 1.58 (1.24–2.01); 1 month later 1.34 (1.03–1.75)]. Each 10% increase in PTSD symptom severity was associated with persistent increased interest in treatment [same month 1.25 (1.10–1.42); 1 month later 1.16 (1.02–1.32); 2 months later 1.16 (1.02–1.32)] and calling to obtain treatment [same month 1.16 (1.02–1.32)]. Neither traumatic events nor PTSD symptoms were associated with participants receiving treatment.ConclusionsBecoming exposed again to traumatic events among injecting drug users is associated with an increase in cocaine use up to 1 month later, but drug use is not related to post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Both traumatic event re‐exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms predict drug abuse treatment‐seeking behavior for up to 2 months.
Development of dependence following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief: a systematic review
Authors: Minozzi Silvia , Amato Laura , Davoli Marina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsTo assess the incidence or prevalence of opioid dependence syndrome in adults (with and without previous history of substance abuse) following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINHAL and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2011. Systematic reviews and primary studies were included if they reported data about incidence or prevalence of opioid dependence syndrome (as defined by DSM‐IV or ICD‐10) in patients receiving strong opioids (or opioid‐type analgesics) for treatment of acute or chronic pain due to any physical condition. The data were abstracted, and the methodological quality was assessed using validated checklists.ResultsData were extracted from 17 studies involving a total of 88 235 participants. The studies included three systematic reviews, one randomized controlled trial, eight cross‐sectional studies and four uncontrolled case series. Most studies included adult patients with chronic non‐malignant pain; two also included patients with cancer pain; only one included patients with a previous history of dependence. Incidence ranged from 0 to 24% (median 0.5%); prevalence ranged from 0 to 31% (median 4.5%).ConclusionsThe available evidence suggests that opioid analgesics for chronic pain conditions are not associated with a major risk for developing dependence.
Neurodevelopmental investigation of the mirror neurone system in children of women receiving opioid maintenance therapy during pregnancy
Authors: Konijnenberg Carolien , Melinder Annika 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsOpioid maintenance therapy (OMT) is generally recommended for pregnant opioid‐dependent women. Previous studies investigating the long‐term effects of OMT on children's cognitive development found that children of women in OMT have an increased risk of developing deficits in motor and visual perceptual skills, which are important aspects of the mirror neurone system (MNS), a complex neural circuit involved in learning and social interactions. The aim of the current study was to investigate aspects of the MNS in children of women in OMT.DesignA 2 (control group versus OMT group) × 2 (human versus mechanic) mixed factorial design.SettingThe Cognitive Developmental Research Unit at the University of Oslo, Norway.ParticipantsFifteen children of women in OMT and 15 non‐exposed children participated.MeasurementsGoal‐directed eye movements were recorded using a Tobii 1750 eye tracker. Neurocognitive tests were employed to map children's cognitive development.FindingsThe OMT group made fewer proactive goal‐directed eye movements [mean = −37.73, standard deviation (SD) = 208.56] compared to the control group (mean = 181.47, SD = 228.65), F(1,28) = 7.53, P = 0.01, η2 = 0.21. No differences were found on tests of visual perception or goal understanding.ConclusionsUse of opioid maintenance therapy during pregnancy appears to be associated with impaired goal‐directed eye movements in the 4‐year‐old infant which may affect later social adjustment adversely.
The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Coffey Carolyn , Romaniuk Helena , Swift Wendy , Carlin John B. , Hall Wayne D. , Patton George C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsDebate continues about whether the association between cannabis use in adolescence and common mental disorders is causal. Most reports have focused on associations in adolescence, with few studies extending into adulthood. We examine the association from adolescence until the age of 29 years in a representative prospective cohort of young Australians.DesignNine‐wave, 15‐year representative longitudinal cohort study, with six waves of data collection in adolescence (mean age 14.9–17.4 years) and three in young adulthood (mean age 20.7, 24.1 and 29.1 years).ParticipantsParticipants were a cohort of 1943 recruited in secondary school and surveyed at each wave when possible from mid‐teen age to their late 20s.SettingVictoria, Australia.MeasurementsPsychiatric morbidity was assessed with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS‐R) at each adolescent wave, and as Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)‐defined ICD‐10 major depressive episode and anxiety disorder at 29 years. Frequency of cannabis use was measured in the past 6 months in adolescence. Cannabis use frequency in the last year and DSM‐IV cannabis dependence were assessed at 29 years. Cross‐sectional and prospective associations of these outcomes with cannabis use and dependence were estimated as odds ratios (OR), using multivariable logistic regression models, with the outcomes of interest, major depressive episode (MDE) and anxiety disorder (AD) at 29 years.FindingsThere were no consistent associations between adolescent cannabis use and depression at age 29 years. Daily cannabis use was associated with anxiety disorder at 29 years [adjusted OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI):< 1.2–5.2], as was cannabis dependence (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4). Among weekly+ adolescent cannabis users, those who continued to use cannabis use daily at 29 years remained at significantly increased odds of anxiety disorder (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1–9.2).ConclusionsRegular (particularly daily) adolescent cannabis use is associated consistently with anxiety, but not depressive disorder, in adolescence and late young adulthood, even among regular users who then cease using the drug. It is possible that early cannabis exposure causes enduring mental health risks in the general cannabis‐using adolescent population.
Screening for human immunodeficiency virus: a survey of British clinical pharmacology units
Authors: THOMSON MARGARET , HAYNES WILLIAM G. , WEBB DAVID J. 
Published: July 2012

A survey of screening practices used to detect infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), covering the 12 months from June 1990 to May 1991, was carried out in 74 clinical pharmacology units performing phase I and II studies. Forty‐five units were identified from the Technomark commercial register, and 29 units were identified from the clinical academic membership of the British Pharmacological Society.
An overall response rate of 92% was obtained: 41 replies from commercial units; 27 replies from academic units. Seventeen commercial units and 26 academic units reported involvement with healthy volunteer studies; these were the 43 questionnaires analysed.
The majority of clinical pharmacology units did not believe that it was necessary to perform HIV screening by HIV antibody testing. Six commercial units (35%) and three academic units (12%) did perform HIV antibody testing in healthy volunteers.
Reasons frequently given for testing were protection of clinical and laboratory staff, and the advantages to the volunteer of prophylaxis and treatment at an early stage of HIV infection. Reasons for not testing included the perceived low risk of a positive test, a lack of benefit from treatment, and the adverse implications in relation to health insurance. Advice from an Ethics Review Committee was not generally a reason for testing.
In future, screening patterns may change, depending on prevalence of HIV positivity in the community, the benefits of diagnosis and treatment, and the perceived or real disadvantages of having an HIV antibody test. For the present, we believe that indirect methods, such as an HIV risks questionnaire, are more appropriate than direct antibody testing.
Population pharmacokinetics of unbound mycophenolic acid in adult allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: effect of pharmacogenetic factors
Authors: Frymoyer Adam , Verotta Davide , Jacobson Pamala , Long‐Boyle Janel 
Published: July 2012

AimTo evaluate pharmacogenetic factors as contributors to the variability of unbound mycophenolic acid (MPA) exposure in adult allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) recipients.MethodsA population‐based pharmacokinetic (PK) model of unbound MPA was developed using non‐linear mixed‐effects modelling (nonmem). Previously collected intensive unbound MPA PK data from 132 adult alloHCT recipients after oral and intravenous dosing of the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were used. In addition to clinical covariates, genetic polymorphisms in UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT2B7 and MRP2 were evaluated for their impact on unbound MPA PK.ResultsUnbound MPA concentration−time data were well described by a two compartment model with first order absorption and linear elimination. For the typical patient (52 years of age, creatinine clearance 86 ml min−1), the median estimated values [coefficient of variation, %, (CV)] of systemic clearance, intercompartmental clearance, central and peripheral volumes of MPA were 1610 l h−1 (37.4%), 541 l h−1 (75.6%), 1230 l (37.5%), and 6140 l (120%), respectively. After oral dosing, bioavailability was low (0.56) and highly variable (CV 46%). No genetic polymorphisms tested significantly explained the variability among individuals. Creatinine clearance was a small but significant predictor of unbound MPA CL. No other clinical covariates impacted unbound MPA PK.ConclusionsIn adult alloHCT recipients, variability in unbound MPA AUC was large and remained largely unexplained even with the inclusion of pharmacogenetic information. Targeting unbound MPA AUC in a patient will require therapeutic drug monitoring.
Platelet‐associated antibodies, cellular immunity and FCGR3a genotype influence the response to rituximab in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cooper Nichola , Stasi Roberto , Cunningham‐Rundles Susanna , Cesarman Ethel , McFarland Janice G. , Bussel James B. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryRituximab is widely used in autoimmune diseases including immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), although the mechanism of effect remains unclear. This study describes the effects of rituximab on platelet‐associated antibodies (PA‐APAs), B and T cell counts and clonality (
IGHV
and
TRG@
gene rearrangements),
FCGR3A
(FcγRIIIa) and
FCGR2A
(FcγRIIa) polymorphisms and correlation to anti‐CD40 ligand (CD40L) response. PA‐APA levels fell more frequently in responders (6/8) than in non‐responders (2/10: P = 0·08–0·15). Two responders had no PA‐APAs. Two non‐responders with a fall in PA‐APAs had very high CD8 levels. One non‐responder had a B cell clone, one responder and one non‐responder had a T cell clone. 15/16 patients had the same responses to rituximab and antiCD40L. Patients with
FCGR3A V/V polymorphisms were more likely to respond to rituximab (P = 0·03). In summary, the fall in PA‐APAs in responders confirms the humoural effect of rituximab. Failure to respond in patients with very high CD8 levels, despite PA‐APA fall indicates a role for T cell‐mediated platelet/megakaryocyte destruction. Concordance of response to anti‐CD40L suggests autoantibody‐producing cells are under T cell control. Finally, the effect of
FCGR
polymorphisms on response confirms the importance of FCGR‐mediated depletion of B cells in autoimmunity. This has implications on the pathology of ITP as well as the immunological effect of B cell depletion.
Elevated plasma levels and platelet‐associated expression of the pro‐thrombotic and pro‐inflammatory protein, TNFSF14 (LIGHT), in sickle cell disease
Authors: Garrido Vanessa T. , Proença‐Ferreira Renata , Dominical Venina M. , Traina Fabiola , Bezerra Marcos A. C. , de Mello Mariana R. B. , Colella Marina P. , Araújo Aderson S. , Saad Sara T. O. , Costa Fernando F. , Conran Nicola 
Published: July 2012

SummaryChronic vascular inflammation and endothelial activation may initiate vaso‐occlusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). TNFSF14 (CD258; LIGHT), a recently‐identified pro‐thrombotic and pro‐inflammatory tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐superfamily cytokine, has a potent activating effect on endothelial cells. We evaluated whether TNFSF14 production is altered in SCD and whether platelets contribute to this production. TNFSF14 was measured in platelet‐free plasma from healthy‐control individuals (CON), steady‐state sickle cell anaemia (SCA), SCA on hydroxycarbamide therapy (SCAHC) and haemoglobin SC (HbSC) patients. Mean plasma TNFSF14 was significantly increased in SCA, SCAHC and HbSC, compared to CON individuals. In SCA/SCAHC patients, plasma TNFSF14, showed no correlation with haematological variables, but was significantly correlated with serum lactate dehydrogenase and inflammatory markers (CD40LG
,
IL8 and ICAM1). Platelet‐membrane TNFSF14 expression was significantly augmented on SCA platelets, and correlated with platelet activation; furthermore, measurement of platelet TNFSF14 release indicated that platelets may be a major source of circulating TNFSF14 in SCA. Interestingly, high plasma TNFSF14 was significantly associated with elevated tricuspid regurgitant velocity (≥2·5 m/s) in a population of SCA/SCAHC patients. The pro‐inflammatory and atherogenic cytokine, TNFSF14, could contribute to endothelial activation and inflammation in SCA; future investigations may confirm whether this protein contributes to major clinical complications of the disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, and represents a potential therapeutic target.
Elevated TRIB2 with NOTCH1 activation in paediatric/adult T‐ALL
Authors: Hannon Maura M. , Lohan Fiona , Erbilgin Yucel , Sayitoglu Muge , O'Hagan Kathleen , Mills Ken , Ozbek Ugur , Keeshan Karen 
Published: July 2012

SummaryTRIB2 is a potent oncogene, elevated in a subset of human acute myeloid leukaemias (AML) with a mixed myeloid/lymphoid phenotype and NOTCH1 mutations. Although rare in AML, activating NOTCH1 mutations occur in 50% of all T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (T‐ALL). TRIB2 is a NOTCH1 target gene that functions in the degradation of key proteins and modulation of MAPK signalling pathways, implicated in haematopoietic cell survival and proliferation. This study showed that TRIB2 expression level is highest in the lymphoid compartment of normal haematopoietic cells, specifically in T cells. Analysis of TRIB2 expression across 16 different subtypes of human leukaemia demonstrated that TRIB2 expression was higher in ALL phenotypes versus all other phenotypes including AML, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). A T cell profile was distinguished by high TRIB2 expression in normal and malignant haematopoiesis. High TRIB2 expression was seen in T‐ALL with normal karyotype and correlated with NOTCH signalling pathways. High TRIB2 expression correlated with NOTCH1/FBXW7 mutations in a paediatric T‐ALL cohort, strongly linking NOTCH1 activation and high TRIB2 expression in paediatric T‐ALL. The relationship between TRIB2 and T cell signalling pathways uniquely identifies leukaemia subtypes and will be useful in the advancement of our understanding of T cell and ALL biology.
Plant natural compounds: targeting pathways of autophagy as anti‐cancer therapeutic agents
Authors: Zhang X. , Chen L.‐X. , Ouyang L. , Cheng Y. , Liu B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNatural compounds derived from plant sources are well characterized as possessing a wide variety of remarkable anti‐tumour properties, for example modulating programmed cell death, primarily referring to apoptosis, and autophagy. Distinct from apoptosis, autophagy (an evolutionarily conserved, multi‐step lysosomal degradation process in which a cell destroys long‐lived proteins and damaged organelles) may play crucial regulatory roles in many pathological processes, most notably in cancer. In this review, we focus on highlighting several representative plant natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, paclitaxel, oridonin, quercetin and plant lectin – that may lead to cancer cell death – for regulation of some core autophagic pathways, involved in Ras‐Raf signalling, Beclin‐1 interactome, BCR‐ABL, PI3KCI/Akt/mTOR, FOXO1 signalling and p53. Taken together, these findings would provide a new perspective for exploiting more plant natural compounds as potential novel anti‐tumour drugs, by targeting the pathways of autophagy, for future cancer therapeutics.