bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Primate Diversity and Abundance in Northern Amazonia and its Implications for Conservation
Authors: Pontes Antonio Rossano Mendes , de Paula Mateus Dantas , Magnusson William E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLarge areas of the Rio Negro basin in Amazonia are covered by continuous tracts of tropical forest, but have few primate species. This is anomalous considering the general relationship between area and number of species. One possibility is that much of the forest is unsuitable habitat for most primates and the area of suitable habitat is much less than the forested area. This has important consequences for the design of reserves and predictions of the consequences of climate change, which tend to be based on broad categories based on satellite images, and not on information of species distributions within those broad categories. The study was conducted through diurnal and nocturnal line‐transect surveys in the Biodiversity Research Program 25‐km2 permanent grid in Viruá National Park, which has vegetation associations typical of much of northern Amazonia. The highest primate diversity and abundances occurred in tall terra firme forests (58%), whereas inundated forests and scrublands, which cover 42 percent of the survey grid and 90.8 percent of the Viruá National Park, have virtually no primates. This suggests that parks and reserves in northwestern Amazonia will have to be very large to maintain viable populations of most primates and their ecological interactions, and that very broad habitat categories are not sufficient to make predictions about actual and future suitability of areas for primate conservation.
Predator Assemblage Structure and Temporal Variability of Species Richness and Abundance in Forests of High Tree Diversity
Authors: Schuldt Andreas , Bruelheide Helge , Härdtle Werner , Assmann Thorsten 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPredators significantly affect ecosystem functions, but our understanding of to what extent findings can be transferred from experiments and low‐diversity systems to highly diverse, natural ecosystems is limited. With a particular threat of biodiversity loss at higher trophic levels, however, knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns in predator assemblages and their interrelations with lower trophic levels is essential for assessing effects of trophic interactions and advancing biodiversity conservation in these ecosystems. We analyzed spatial and temporal variability of spider assemblages in tree species‐rich subtropical forests in China, across 27 study plots varying in woody plant diversity and stand age. Despite effects of woody plant richness on spider assemblage structure, neither habitat specificity nor temporal variability of spider richness and abundance were influenced. Rather, variability increased with forest age, probably related to successional changes in spider assemblages. Our results indicate that woody plant richness and theory predicting increasing predator diversity with increasing plant diversity do not necessarily play a major role for spatial and temporal dynamics of predator assemblages in such plant species‐rich forests. Diversity effects on biotic or abiotic habitat conditions might be less pronounced across our gradient from medium to high plant diversity than in previously studied less diverse systems, and bottom‐up effects might level out at high plant diversity. Instead, our study highlights the importance of overall (diversity‐independent) environmental heterogeneity in shaping spider assemblages and, as indicated by a high species turnover between plots, as a crucial factor for biodiversity conservation at a regional scale in these subtropical forests.
Polar bulges and polar nuclear discs: the case of NGC 4698
Authors: Corsini E. M. , Méndez-Abreu J. , Pastorello N. , Bontà E. Dalla , Morelli L. , Beifiori A. , Pizzella A. , Bertola F. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
The early-type spiral NGC 4698 is known to host a nuclear disc of gas and stars which is rotating perpendicularly with respect to the galaxy main disc. In addition, the bulge and main disc are characterized by a remarkable geometrical decoupling. Indeed, they appear elongated orthogonally to each other. In this work, the complex structure of the galaxy is investigated by a detailed photometric decomposition of optical and near-infrared images. The intrinsic shape of the bulge was constrained from its apparent ellipticity, its twist angle with respect to the major axis of the main disc and the inclination of the main disc. The bulge is actually elongated perpendicular to the main disc and it is equally likely to be triaxial or axisymmetric. The central surface brightness, scalelength, inclination and position angle of the nuclear disc were derived by assuming that it is infinitesimally thin and exponential. Its size, orientation and location do not depend on the observed passband. These findings support a scenario in which the nuclear disc is the end result of the acquisition of external gas by the pre-existing triaxial bulge on the principal plane perpendicular to its shortest axis and perpendicular to the galaxy main disc. The subsequent star formation either occurred homogeneously all over the extension of the nuclear disc or through an inside-out process that ended more than 5 Gyr ago.
Multiple Suburban Publics: Rethinking Community Opposition to Consolidation in Sydney
Authors: RUMING KRISTIAN , HOUSTON DONNA , AMATI MARCO 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSince the late 1980s urban consolidation has become the dominant strategic planning paradigm across Australian cities; however, sites of densification are increasingly becoming sites of community resistance and conflict. In the context of the Sydney Metropolitan Strategy, this paper explores Ku‐ring‐gai in Sydney's northern suburbs as a site of community resistance centred on opposition to urban consolidation. Moving beyond more traditional constructions of community resistance as a form of NIMBYism, we present here a typology of community resistance groups and explore the complex relationships between these groups, which are used to challenge development. In addition we draw on understanding of urban publics to explore the ways in which these groups attempt to engage and act on behalf of a diverse set of publics operating across scales.
Design and initial evaluation of a virtual pediatric primary care clinic in Second Life®
Authors: Jane Cook Mary 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: To present an example of an innovative educational strategy using a theoretical framework for the design and evaluation of a virtual world simulation for family nurse practitioner (FNP) students.Data sources: The example arises from a primary care pediatric clinic developed for FNP students in Second Life® to supplement experiences in clinical practice sites. The simulation uses a case‐based interactive format. The educational strategy is based on constructivist learning theory and experiential learning principles. Report of initial prototype testing of faculty and FNP students is reported.Conclusions: Virtual‐world simulations have the potential to provide a safe environment for students to practice clinical decision making for pediatric patients. However, attention to the context, pedagogy, learner, and the capabilities of the technology is essential to provide a quality educational experience.Implications for practice: Preparation of FNP students can include quality educational experiences in a virtual world when guided by a theoretical framework.
The lived experience of ovarian cancer: A phenomenological approach
Authors: Guenther Joanna , Stiles Anne , Champion Jane Dimmitt 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: To describe the lived experience of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer using individual interviews.Data sources: Eleven women who had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer within the past five years were interviewed with open‐ended guiding questions. The narrative responses were analyzed for constitutive patterns and relational themes according to Diekelmann and Allen's hermeneutic phenomenological process.Conclusions: This phenomenological study gave voice to the women's experience with ovarian cancer. The following six constitutive patterns and associated themes emerged: (a) The Revelation, (b) Jeopardy, (c) On the Lookout, (d) Becoming Normal, and (e) Living Every Moment.Implications for practice: An understanding of the common experiences and shared meanings of women with ovarian cancer may contribute to earlier diagnosis and improved quality of life. The women identified symptoms that should generate concern when reported to providers, potentially leading to diagnostic testing. The experiences may also serve to inform the development of interventions aimed at meeting the needs of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
First record of the beetle family Biphyllidae (Coleoptera) in Korea
Authors: Park Sun‐Jae , Ko Eun‐Sun , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Biphyllidae including four species,Biphyllus lewisi(Reitter),B. marmoratus(Reitter),B. rufopictus(Wollaston) andB. throscoides(Wollaston), are discovered for the first time in Korea. A key, habitus photographs and illustrations of diagnostic characters of the species are presented.
Dynamic progress of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced chronic colitis and fibrosis in rat model
Authors: ZHU Mei Ying , LU Yun Min , OU Yang Xiao , ZHANG Hui Zhen , CHEN Wei Xiong 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the dynamic progress of 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced chronic colitis and fibrosis in rat model.METHODS:  In all, 44 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the model and control groups. Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of 10–30 mg TNBS in 50% ethanol enema weekly for 5 cycles. The control group received an equal volume of 50% ethanol. If the rat died during the procedure, necropsy was performed immediately. At the end of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week the rats were sacrificed, and histological damage and fibrosis of the colon were examined using HE and Masson trichrome stain. The concentrations of Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines in colon tissue were detected by ELISA, intestinal fibrosis‐relevant cytokine expressions were detected by fluorescent quantification‐polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:  Colitis model was successfully induced with a low mortality rate. The microscopic colonic damage score, collagen area, Th1/Th17 cytokines and expressions of intestinal fibrosis‐relevant cytokines were significantly higher in the model group than those in the control group. Furthermore, the collagen area, content of interleukin 17 and expressions of intestinal fibrosis‐related cytokines in the model group were more elevated in the chronic phase (after 3 to 4 cycles) than in the acute phase (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:  Multiple inflammatory responses participate in the formation and dynamic progression of TNBS‐induced chronic colitis. In particular, acute colitis may turn into chronic colitis after 3 cycles of TNBS administration. This coincides with the formation of intestinal fibrosis which is concomitantly exacerbated after cycle 4.
Exercise Training Improves Heart Rate Variability in Older Patients With Heart Failure: A Randomized, Controlled, Single‐Blinded Trial
Authors: Murad Khalil , Brubaker Peter H. , Fitzgerald David M. , Morgan Timothy M. , Goff David C. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Eggebeen Joel D. , Kitzman Dalane W. 
Published: April 2012

Congest Heart Fail. ****;**:**–**. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) in older patients with heart failure (HF) is common and indicates poor prognosis. Exercise training (ET) has been shown to improve HRV in younger patients with HF. However, the effect of ET on HRV in older patients with HF is not known. Sixty‐six participants (36% men), aged 69±5 years, with HF and both preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFREF), were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of supervised ET (ET group) vs attention‐control (AC group). Two HRV parameters (the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals [SDNN] and the root mean square of successive differences in normal RR intervals [RMSSD]) were measured at baseline and after completion of the study. When compared with the AC group, the ET group had a significantly greater increase in both SDNN (15.46±5.02 ms in ET vs 2.37±2.13 ms in AC, P=.016) and RMSSD (17.53±7.83 ms in ET vs 1.69±2.63 ms in AC, P=.003). This increase was seen in both sexes and HF categories. ET improved HRV in older patients with both HFREF and HFPEF.
Prognostic Value of Capnography During Rest and Exercise in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Arena Ross , Guazzi Marco , Myers Jonathan , Chase Paul , Bensimhon Daniel , Cahalin Lawrence P. , Peberdy Mary Ann , Ashley Euan , West Erin , Forman Daniel E. 
Published: April 2012

©2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.New variables obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) have received attention in recent years, in particular the partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2). The purpose of this study was to therefore comprehensively assess the ability of resting and exercise PETCO2 to predict major cardiac events in a heart failure (HF) cohort referred for CPX. A total of 963 patients with systolic HF undergoing symptom‐limited CPX were included in the analysis. Resting and exercise PETCO2 along with other CPX variables were determined, and patients were followed for major adverse events. With regard to resting measures, multivariate analysis revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction was the most robust prognostic marker (P<.001) while resting PETCO2 added significant predictive value and was retained in the regression (P<.001). When exercise data were considered, the multivariate analysis revealed that the PETCO2 apex during exercise added predictive value and was retained (P<.05). In what is the largest evaluation of PETCO2 in the assessment of systolic HF patients to date, the authors substantiate prior (smaller) studies showing prognostic utility of PETCO2, both as a resting measure (an important potential screening tool) and during exercise. These data add to the rationale to incorporate PETCO2 as a routine monitoring component in HF management.
Medical–dental findings and management of a child with infantile Refsum disease: a case report
Authors: Acharya Bhavini S. , Ritwik Priyanshi , Velasquez Gisela M. , Fenton Sanford J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT Infantile Refsum disease (IRD) is a peroxisome biogenesis disorder (PBD), and is part of a larger group of diseases called leukodystrophies, which are inherited conditions that damage the white matter of the brain and affect motor movements. Multiple signs and symptoms of IRD begin in infancy and progress through early childhood, including hearing and visual impairment, intellectual and growth impairment, seizures, liver involvement, and orofacial and dental abnormalities. This paper presents a case history of a 12‐year‐old female patient with IRD who underwent dental rehabilitation in the operating room under general anesthesia and includes a 2‐year follow‐up. Medical, dental, and management considerations in the care of this child's condition are presented. This paper also discusses the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of children with special needs.
The role of the Weberian Reform in European Rubus research and the taxonomy of locally distributed species – which species should we describe?
Authors: Haveman Rense , Ronde Iris de 
Published: April 2012

After Sudre published his treatment of European Rubi in the early 20th century, Rubus taxonomy in Europe suffered from a scholastic phase and a longer period of stagnation. The so‐called ‘Weberian Reform’ initiated the necessary revival of European batology. It rests on four major pillars: 1) mapping projects over larger areas, 2) evaluation of type material, 3) visits to loci classici, and 4) evaluation of the status of species by means of their distribution areas. Subsequently, it has become widely accepted in European batology that only species with a distribution area over 50 km should be described. Although this pragmatic species concept has been useful in making a continent‐wide overview of brambles, we argue that it is lacking a scientific basis, and should thus be rejected.There are at least four distinctive problems when treating locally distributed brambles: 1) primary hybrids, 2) locally distributed stabilised apomicts, 3) intraspecific variation in species with a larger distribution range, and 4) unstabilised swarms of hybridogenic biotypes and the derivates thereof (mainly in the montane regions). When facing the problems in Rubus systematics, we argue that all independently evolving lineages should be described as species, including apomictic lineages with very small distribution ranges, both from the mountain‐dwelling glandular series and from the lowlands. Neither primary hybrids (which are not stabilised by apomixis), nor biotypes without an independent and coherent distribution area are independently evolving lineages, and should thus not be described as species. We advocate a restrained attitude when describing new species with limited distribution areas.
Performance of Two Commercially Available Automated Immunoassays for the Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus Serological Status
Authors: Lupo J. , Germi R. , Semenova T. , Buisson M. , Seigneurin J. M. , Morand P. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the performance of two automated Vidas (V) and Liaison (L) immunoassays for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology. The detection of the viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, the VCA/early antigen (VCA/EA) IgG, and the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG was assessed on 526 sera collected for routine EBV testing in immunocompetent subjects. The determination of expected EBV status (186 EBV primary infections, 183 past EBV infections, and 157 EBV-seronegative individuals) was based on results of routine laboratory enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) together with clinical data. The sensitivity and specificity of each individual marker were determined in comparison to the expected EBV status. The agreement between the V and L profiles and the expected EBV status was established through the interpretation of combinations of the different EBV markers. Statistically significant differences between the two tests were found for the specificity of the VCA IgM marker (96.2% for V versus 93.2% for L), the sensitivity of the VCA/EA IgG marker (89% for V versus 94% for L), and the specificity of the EBNA IgG marker (96.5% for V versus 74.2% for L). The results determined for the two assays with respect to overall agreement with the established expected EBV status were not significantly different (89.7% for V versus 88.2% for L), with discrepancies mainly observed in sera referenced as primary infections. These findings demonstrated the similar performances of the Vidas and the Liaison assays for the establishment of an EBV serological status using the VCA, EA, and EBNA markers.
Reassessment of Immune Correlates in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis as Defined by Cytokine Release in Whole Blood
Authors: Singh Om Prakash , Gidwani Kamlesh , Kumar Rajiv , Nylén Susanne , Jones Stephen L. , Boelaert Marleen , Sacks David , Sundar Shyam 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTDepressed cell-mediated immunity in human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (also known as kala-azar), revealed as the inability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to respond toLeishmaniaantigen, remains a hallmark of and is thought to underlie the progressive nature of this disease. We recently reported the ability of a whole-blood, gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay to detect subclinical infections among healthy individuals living in an area where kala-azar is endemic (Bihar, India) and the surprising result that patients with active VL also secreted significant levels of antigen-specific IFN-γ in this assay. We were interested in ascertaining whether these findings would be true for a larger cohort of subjects and in employing the whole-blood assay to detect additional cytokines that might better correlate with the disease status of infected individuals. We evaluated IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) release in 35 patients with active VL, 54 patients with VL who were cured, 27 patients with other diseases, 52 healthy controls who lived in regions where VL or kala-azar is not endemic (NEHCs [for nonendemic healthy controls]), and 147 healthy controls who lived in regions where kala-azar is endemic (EHCs [for endemic healthy controls]). The cellular responses of the EHCs were correlated with their serological antibody titers againstLeishmania donovaniandPhlebotomus argentipessaliva. The whole-blood cells from the majority of both active (80%) and cured (85%) VL patients, as well as 24% of EHCs with presumed subclinical infections, produced significantly elevated levels of IFN-γ. The findings do not support a severe Th1 response defect in kala-azar. Importantly, only the patients with active VL also produced IL-10, which in conjunction with IFN-γ better reflects the immune responses that distinguish individuals with active disease from cured or subclinically infected, immune individuals.
Comparative Analysis of the Humoral Immune Response to Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae Surface Antigens in Children Suffering from Recurrent Acute Otitis Media and Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Verhaegh Suzanne J. C. , Stol Kim , de Vogel Corné P. , Riesbeck Kristian , Lafontaine Eric R. , Murphy Timothy F. , van Belkum Alex , Hermans Peter W. M. , Hays John P. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

A prospective clinical cohort study was established to investigate the humoral immune response in middle ear fluids (MEF) and serum against bacterial surface proteins in children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), using Luminex xMAP technology. The association between the humoral immune response and the presence of
Moraxella catarrhalis
and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
in the nasopharynx and middle ear was also studied. The levels of antigen-specific IgG, IgA, and IgM showed extensive interindividual variation. No significant differences in anti-
M. catarrhalis
and anti-
S. pneumoniae
serum and MEF median fluorescence intensity (MFI) values (anti-
M. catarrhalis
and antipneumococcal IgG levels) were observed between the rAOM or COME groups for all antigens tested. No significant differences were observed for
M. catarrhalis
and
S. pneumoniae
colonization and serum IgG levels against the
Moraxella
and pneumococcal antigens. Similar to the antibody response in serum, no significant differences in IgG, IgA, and IgM levels in MEF were observed for all
M. catarrhalis
and
S. pneumoniae
antigens between OM
M. catarrhalis-
or
S. pneumoniae
-positive and OM
M. catarrhalis-
or
S. pneumonia
-negative children suffering from either rAOM or COME. Finally, results indicated a strong correlation between antigen-specific serum and MEF IgG levels. We observed no significant
in vivo
expressed anti-
M. catarrhalis
or anti-
S. pneumoniae
humoral immune responses using a range of putative vaccine candidate proteins. Other factors, such as Eustachian tube dysfunction, viral load, and genetic and environmental factors, may play a more important role in the pathogenesis of OM and in particular in the development of rAOM or COME.