bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ingredient Functionality and Formulation Optimization of Pasta Supplemented with Peanut Flour
Authors: Howard Brandy M. , Hung Yen‐Con , McWatters Kay 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  The working peanut pasta formulation range determined from a previous study was used to determine the effects of varying ingredient quantities and processing conditions on the pasta's quality and consumer acceptance. The variables studied were percent peanut flour substituted for durum wheat flour (30%, 40%, and 50%), amount of carrageenan (2.4%, 2.65%, and 2.9%), and drying temperature (60, 74, and 88 °C) on the final cooked pasta quality. Properties measured include color, texture, moisture content, and cooking loss. A home‐use sensory test was conducted to determine consumer preferences and the optimum range for variables studied. Color lightness values ranged from 43.53 to 65.02, decreasing (becoming darker) with increased peanut flour level and increased drying temperature. Maximum cutting force for cooked pasta ranged from 1.59 N to 3.22 N, with higher values only for pasta dried at 88 °C. Moisture content ranged from 57.35% to 69.38%, and values decreased as drying temperature increased. Cooking loss ranged from 5.14% to 7.99%, increasing with higher levels of peanut flour and decreasing with higher levels of carrageenan. When prepared with 30% peanut flour and dried at 60 °C, the pasta was lighter in color, higher in moisture, and softer in texture than the varieties dried at higher temperatures and made with higher levels of peanut flour. Response surface analysis of consumer test data revealed that the optimum peanut pasta should contain between 35% and 45% peanut flour and should be dried between 60 and 71 °C; however, the pasta with 30% peanut flour was also a popular sample in the “favorite” categories.Practical Application:  Most non‐gluten protein fortification studies in durum wheat pasta found decreased firmness of dry and cooked pasta, increased cooking loss, increased stickiness, and darker product color when compared to traditional pasta. Partially defatted peanut flour is a versatile food ingredient and has high protein content. Since the lysine content of peanuts is higher than wheat, peanuts can be used to supplement wheat flour in food preparation. This study found by partially replacing wheat flour with peanut flour and with incorporation of hydrocolloid emulsifier, such as carrageenan or xanthan gum, dough viscosity, and pasta firmness significantly improved. Peanut pasta with high protein content and balanced amino acid profile can help support consumers with a healthy lifestyle.
Roasting Affects Phenolic Composition and Antioxidative Activity of Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.)
Authors: Schmitzer Valentina , Slatnar Ana , Veberic Robert , Stampar Franci , Solar Anita 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  The potential effect of skin removal and roasting on individual and total phenolic content, and on antioxidative potential of 6 hazelnut cultivars were investigated. HPLC‐MS identification of individual phenolics confirmed the presence of 7 flavan‐3‐ols (catechin, epicatechin, 2 procyanidin dimers, and 3 procyanidin trimers), 3 flavonols (quercetin pentoside, quercetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside, and myricetin‐3‐O‐rhamnoside), 2 hydrobenzoic acids (gallic acid, protocatechulic acid), and 1 dihydrochalcone (phloretin‐2′‐O‐glucoside). Flavonols were only detected in whole hazelnut kernels. The content of individual phenolics, with the exception of gallic acid, was always highest in whole unroasted hazelnuts and was significantly reduced after skin removal. Similarly, total phenolic content and antioxidative potential decreased when skin was removed. Roasting had a significant negative effect on individual phenolics but not on the total phenolic content and antioxidative potential of kernels. From a health promoting phytochemical composition of hazelnuts the consumption of whole unroasted kernels with skins should be preferential to peeled kernels either roasted or unroasted.Practical Application:  A significant reduction in the antioxidative potential and total phenolic content is detected after hazelnut skin removal but not after roasting, suggesting that hazelnut kernels should be consumed whole. In hazelnut skin, many phenolic compounds are located, which are not present in flesh and, therefore, the health properties of hazelnuts are strongly affected by skin removal. Thermal processing and roasting conditions used in this study had a lesser effect on the individual phenolic composition of the kernel and thus roasted and unroasted hazelnuts without skin contain comparable amounts of health promoting compounds.
Acupuncture for treating dry eye: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Shin Mi‐Suk , Kim Jong‐In , Lee Myeong Soo , Kim Kun Hyung , Choi Jun‐Yong , Kang Kyung‐Won , Jung So‐Young , Kim Ae‐Ran , Kim Tae‐Hun 
Published: November 2010

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: e328–e333Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for ocular symptoms, tear film stability and tear secretion in dry eye patients.Methods:  This is a randomized, patient‐assessor blinded, sham acupuncture controlled trial. Forty‐two participants with defined moderate to severe dry eye underwent acupuncture treatment three times a week for 3 weeks. Seventeen standard points (GV23; bilateral BL2, GB14, TE23, Ex1, ST1 and GB20; and unilateral SP3, LU9, LU10 and HT8 on the left for men and right for women) with ‘de qi’ manipulation for the verum acupuncture group and seventeen sham points of shallow penetration without other manipulation for the sham group were applied during the acupuncture treatment. Differences were measured using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), the visual analogue scale (VAS) of ocular discomfort, the tear film break‐up time (BUT) and the Schimer I test with anaesthesia. In addition, adverse events were recorded.Results:  There were no statistically significant differences between results on the OSDI, VAS, BUT or Schimer I tests from baseline between the verum and sham acupuncture groups. However, results from the within‐group analysis showed that the OSDI and VAS in both groups and the BUT in the verum acupuncture group were significantly improved after 3 weeks of treatment. No adverse events were reported during this trial.Conclusion:  Both types of acupuncture improved signs and symptoms in dry‐eye patients after a 4‐week treatment. However, verum acupuncture did not result in better outcomes than sham acupuncture.
Oral health status and dental needs of autistic children and young adults
Authors: Jaber Mohamed A. , Sayyab Mohamed , Abu Fanas Salem H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  Children with autism might need more dental care than non‐autistic, healthy children. The aims of this study were: (a) to describe the caries experience and treatment needs of autistic children aged 6–16 years in the United Arab Emirates; and (b) to provide baseline data at national and regional levels to enable comparisons and future planning of dental services for children with autism.Methods:  All children attending a day centre in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, for autism were selected for the study. Sixty‐one autistic children aged 6–16 years (45 males and 16 females) were included in the study. Each patient received a complete oral and periodontal examination using codes and criteria as described by the World Health Organization.Results:  The overall mean for Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth/decayed, missing, and filled teeth was 2.4. Female autistic children had significantly higher mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth/decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores (4.4) than males (1.63). The percentage of decayed, missing, and filled teeth increased with increasing age. The restorative index and met need index for the autistic children aged 11–15 years were 0.02 and 0.10, respectively.Conclusion:  Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health status of autistic children.
Induction of Human Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Expansion by FOXM1
Authors: Gemenetzidis Emilios , Elena-Costea Daniela , Parkinson Eric K. , Waseem Ahmad , Wan Hong , Teh Muy-Teck 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Stem cells are permanent residents of tissues and thought to be targets of cancer initiation. The frequent, and often early, upregulation of the FOXM1 transcription factor in the majority of human cancers suggests that it may participate in the initiation of human tumorigenesis. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. Herein, we show that targeting the ectopic expression of FOXM1 to the highly clonogenic cells of primary human keratinocytes with stem/progenitor cell properties, but not to differentiating cells, caused clonal expansion in vitro. We show, using a functional three-dimensional organotypic epithelial tissue regeneration system, that ectopic FOXM1 expression perturbed epithelial differentiation generating a hyperproliferative phenotype reminiscent of that seen in human epithelial hyperplasia. Furthermore, transcriptional expression analysis of a panel of 28 epithelial differentiation-specific genes reveals a role for FOXM1 in the suppression of epithelial differentiation. This study provides the first evidence that FOXM1 participates in an early oncogenic pathway that predisposes cells to tumorigenesis by expanding the stem/progenitor compartment and deregulating subsequent keratinocyte terminal differentiation. This finding reveals an important window of susceptibility to oncogenic signals in epithelial stem/progenitor cells prior to differentiation, and may provide a significant benefit to the design of cancer therapeutic interventions that target oncogenesis at its earliest incipient stage. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9515–26. ©2010 AACR.
Optimizing the Detection of Lung Cancer Patients Harboring Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Gene Rearrangements Potentially Suitable for ALK Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Camidge D. Ross , Kono Scott A. , Flacco Antonella , Tan Aik-Choon , Doebele Robert C. , Zhou Qing , Crino Lucio , Franklin Wilbur A. , Varella-Garcia Marileila 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, associated with sensitivity to an experimental ALK/MET inhibitor, occur in 3% to 5% of non–small cell lung cancers. Intratumoral fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) heterogeneity has been reported. We explored the heterogeneity basis, the requirements for accurately determining ALK FISH positivity, and the effect of enriching the tested population using clinical and molecular factors.
Experimental Design: Lung cancer patients were screened by ALK and MET FISH and for EGFR and KRAS mutations.
Results: Thirteen ALK-positive cases were identified from 73 screened patients. Gene copy number increases occurred together with classic rearrangements. All positive cases were adenocarcinomas, 12 were EGFR/KRAS wild-type, and 1 had a coexistent EGFR exon 20 mutation. No association with MET amplification occurred. ALK positivity was associated with &lt;10–pack-year smoking status (P = 0.0004). Among adenocarcinomas, without KRAS or EGFR mutations, with &lt;10–pack-year history, 44.8% of cases were ALK positive. ALK FISH positivity was heterogeneous, but mean values in tumor areas from ALK-positive patients (54% of cells; range, 22-87%) were significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissue or tumor/normal areas from ALK-negative patients (mean, 5-7%). Contiguous sliding field analyses showed diffuse heterogeneity without evidence of focal ALK rearrangements. One hundred percent sensitivity and specificity occurred when four or more fields (∼60 cells) were counted.
Conclusions: Intratumoral ALK FISH heterogeneity reflects technique, not biology. The clinical activity of ALK/MET inhibitors in ALK-positive patients probably reflects ALK, but not MET, activity. Prescreening by histology, EGFR/KRAS mutations, and smoking status dramatically increases the ALK-positive hit rate compared with unselected series. Clin Cancer Res; 16(22); 5581–90. ©2010 AACR.
Hypoexpression and Epigenetic Regulation of Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene CADM-2 in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chang Guimin , Xu Shuping , Dhir Rajiv , Chandran Uma , O'Keefe Denise S. , Greenberg Norman M. , Gingrich Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Cell adhesion molecules (CADM) comprise a newly identified protein family whose functions include cell polarity maintenance and tumor suppression. CADM-1, CADM-3, and CADM-4 have been shown to act as tumor suppressor genes in multiple cancers including prostate cancer. However, CADM-2 expression has not been determined in prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: The CADM-2 gene was cloned and characterized and its expression in human prostatic cell lines and cancer specimens was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and an immunohistochemical tissue array, respectively. The effects of adenovirus-mediated CADM-2 expression on prostate cancer cells were also investigated. CADM-2 promoter methylation was evaluated by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR.
Results: We report the initial characterization of CADM-2 isoforms: CADM-2a and CADM-2b, each with separate promoters, in human chromosome 3p12.1. Prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU145, expressed negligible CADM-2a relative to primary prostate tissue and cell lines, RWPE-1 and PPC-1, whereas expression of CADM-2b was maintained. Using immunohistochemistry, tissue array results from clinical specimens showed statistically significant decreased expression in prostate carcinoma compared with normal donor prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and normal tissue adjacent to tumor (P &lt; 0.001). Adenovirus-mediated CADM-2a expression suppressed DU145 cell proliferation in vitro and colony formation in soft agar. The decrease in CADM-2a mRNA in cancer cell lines correlated with promoter region hypermethylation as determined by bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR. Accordingly, treatment of cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A resulted in the reactivation of CADM-2a expression.
Conclusions: CADM-2a protein expression is significantly reduced in prostate cancer. Its expression is regulated in part by promoter methylation and implicates CADM-2 as a previously unrecognized tumor suppressor gene in a proportion of human prostate cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 16(22); 5390–401. ©2010 AACR.
A Randomized Controlled, Phase 2 Trial of the Viral Serpin Serp-1 in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tardif Jean-Claude , L'Allier Philippe L. , Grégoire Jean , Ibrahim Reda , McFadden Grant , Kostuk William , Knudtson Merril , Labinaz Marino , Waksman Ron , Pepine Carl J. , Macaulay Colin , Guertin Marie-Claude , Lucas Alexandra 
Published: November 2010

Background—
Vascular inflammation can lead to plaque instability and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Viruses produce potent immunomodulating proteins that regulate key inflammatory pathways. A myxoma virus–derived serpin Serp-1 reduces inflammatory cell invasion and plaque growth in vascular injury models. Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Serp-1 in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

This double-blind pilot trial included 48 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention randomly assigned to Serp-1 at doses of 5 μg/kg (n=19) or 15 μg/kg (n=17) or to placebo (n=12). Serp-1 was given by intravenous bolus immediately before intervention and 24 and 48 hours later. Patients were assessed for safety (primary objective) and efficacy outcomes, including biomarker analysis. In-stent neointimal hyperplasia was evaluated by intravascular ultrasound at 6 months. Key safety outcomes including coagulation parameters and adverse events did not differ between Serp-1 and placebo groups. A dose-dependent reduction in troponin I levels was observed with Serp-1 at 8, 16, 24, and 54 hours (
P
<0.05) and in creatine kinase-MB levels at 8, 16, and 24 hours after dose (
P
<0.05). The composite of death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization occurred in 2 of 12 patients with placebo, 5 of 19 in the low-dose group, and none of 17 patients with the high-dose (
P
=0.058). Intravascular ultrasound did not detect changes in neointimal hyperplasia among groups.

Conclusions—
This is the first study of a viral serpin demonstrating its safety in ACS patients. The significant reduction in myocardial damage biomarkers supports further assessment of Serp-1 in ACS patients undergoing stent deployment.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00243308.
Empirical study on drainage stack terminal water velocity
Authors: Cheng CL , Liao WJ , He KC , Lin JL 
Published: November 2010

A building drainage network is an essential provision of each developed city all over the world. The terminal velocity at discharging drainage stack is a crucial issue as it provides the permitted flow rate of a building drainage system. The National Plumbing Code (NPC) of the US has specified the permitted flow rate for drainage systems. Mathematical expressions for terminal velocity were reported in research studies since the 1920s but discrepancies among calculations remained. This study proposes an empirical approach in determining the terminal velocity in a drainage stack using the air pressure distribution mechanism. New experimental observations of the stack terminal velocity using a digital high-speed video camera were presented as a validation database. The proposed model was validated in terms of the measured terminal velocities and the locations of the maximum air pressure in a discharging stack at a steady water flow rate (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 L/s). This article offers an empirical approach and validation for terminal velocity instead of using the existing deductive approach. Practical applications: This article proposes an empirical approach with experimental validation for terminal velocity at a drainage stack. New evidence presented would lead to a review of the terminal velocity in drainage stacks in future drainage network designs. Due to the importance of terminal velocity, it is anticipated that this result would be used to lead the new technical development of building drainage system.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Allograft Surgery
Authors: Sikka Robby S. , Narvy Steven J. , Vangsness C. Thomas 
Published: November 2010

Background: There has been much controversy regarding the effects of sterilization techniques and graft history on the structural integrity of allograft ligaments used in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The purpose of this review was to comprehensively examine anterior cruciate ligament allograft studies published in the last decade to evaluate the extent to which tissue source, tissue processing techniques, and donor age are reported. Methods: The authors reviewed 202 articles published from 1999 through November 2009, of which 68 retrospective, prospective, biomechanical, and histology studies evaluating 4689 allografts were included. Results: The majority of studies do not accurately report key elements of graft history including tissue bank, processing or sterilization technique, or donor age. Underreporting was particularly prominent in clinical studies as compared with basic science studies. Limited reporting of allograft processing, allograft source, and donor age raises serious questions regarding the generalizability of published studies of allograft tissue for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Orthopaedic surgeons who use allograft tissue must understand the tissue treatments being used (ie, preservation methods, chemical and sterilization processes) to best inform their patients regarding the risks, benefits, and long-term outcomes when such tissues are used. A complete understanding of the implanted tissue, as well as surgeon and recipient demographics, is necessary to ensure appropriate and predictable long-term outcomes.
Mechanical Joint Laxity Associated With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Cordova Mitchell L. , Sefton JoEllen M. , Hubbard Tricia J. 
Published: November 2010

Context: Lateral ankle sprains can manifest into chronic mechanical joint laxity when not treated effectively. Joint laxity is often measured through the use of manual stress tests, stress radiography, and instrumented ankle arthrometers. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to establish the influence of chronic ankle instability (CAI) on sagittal and frontal plane mechanical joint laxity. Data Sources: Articles were searched with MEDLINE (1966 to October 2008), CINAHL (1982 to October 2008), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (to October 2008) using the key words chronic ankle instability and joint laxity, functional ankle instability and joint laxity, and lateral ankle sprains and joint laxity. Study Selection: To be included, studies had to employ a case control design; mechanical joint laxity had to be measured via a stress roentogram, an instrumented ankle arthrometer, or ankle/foot stress-testing device; anteroposterior inversion or eversion ankle-subtalar joint complex laxity had to be measured; and means and standard deviations of CAI and control groups had to be provided. Data Extraction: One investigator assessed each study based on the criteria to ensure its suitability for analysis. The initial search yielded 1378 potentially relevant articles, from which 8 were used in the final analysis. Once the study was accepted for inclusion, its quality was assessed with the PEDro scale. Data Synthesis: Twenty-one standardized effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals were computed for each group and dependent variable. CAI produced the largest effect on inversion joint laxity; 45% of the effects ranged from 0.84 to 2.61. Anterior joint laxity measures were influenced second most by CAI (effects, 0.32 to 1.82). CAI had similar but less influence on posterior joint laxity (effects, −0.06 to 0.68) and eversion joint laxity (effects, 0.03 to 0.69). Conclusion: CAI has the largest effect with the most variability on anterior and inversion joint laxity measurements, consistent with the primary mechanism of initial injury.
Medial Impingement of the Ankle in Athletes
Authors: Manoli Arthur 
Published: November 2010

Context: Medial impingement syndrome of the ankle is common in the athletic population. A marginal osteophyte on the leading edge of the medial talar facet and a corresponding “kissing” osteophyte on the tibia, in front of the medial malleolus, may abut and cause pain and limited dorsiflexion. Background: Palpation of the talar osteophyte and standard imaging—especially, the oblique view of the foot—are useful in making the diagnosis. Surgical removal of the osteophyte may be necessary. Conclusions: Ankle impingement is commonly seen in running and jumping sports, especially if the athlete has a subtle cavus foot. It may be associated with ankle instability, osteochondritis dissecans of the talus, and stress fractures of the foot.