bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable biomaterials for tissue engineering: electrospun polycaprolactone fibers enriched with freshwater snail calcium carbonate and waste human hair keratin
Authors: Erdemli Özge , Yilmaz Bengi , Saran İrem Göksu , Serin Erdal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on developing a sustainable and biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL)‐based scaffold for bone tissue engineering through electrospinning, utilizing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from Pomacea canaliculata shells and keratin from human hair, known for stimulating bone regeneration. The isolated CaCO3 has been identified to demonstrate two polymorphs, vaterite and calcite, as determined by X‐ray diffraction. The isolation of keratin from human hair was confirmed through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, revealing the presence of α‐keratin structures around 45–50 kDa and β‐keratin structures around 55–60 kDa. According to scanning electron microscope observations, the addition of keratin to PCL fibers reduced their diameter from 457 ± 345 to 371 ± 103 nm. Further addition of calcium carbonate led to a mean diameter of 258 ± 76 nm. The melting temperature of PCL fibers containing keratin and CaCO3 was determined to be 76.17 °C via differential scanning calorimetry, while thermogravimetric analysis, conducted at temperatures up to 600 °C, revealed a remaining ash content of 9.59%. Calcium phosphate accumulation was observed to initiate on PCL fibers containing keratin and CaCO3 following a 7‐day exposure to simulated body fluid. The fibers exhibit cytocompatibility, showing no toxicity while supporting the growth and proliferation of Saos‐2 osteosarcoma cells. The results suggest that the innovative incorporation of keratin and CaCO3 into PCL nanofibers could serve as a bioactive matrix compared to pure PCL matrices, thereby offering enhanced potential for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Shaping the structure and properties of HyTemp using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether cross‐linkers
Authors: Dossi Eleftheria , Mutele‐Nkuna Khuthadzo Lourate , Wilkinson Peter , Kister Guillaume , Patrick Hugh , Khalili Mohammad Hakim , Hawi Sara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNovel elastomers are made by reaction of hydroxyl‐terminated polyacrylic ester (HyTemp) with polyethylene glycol (PEG, number of ethylene glycol units 1, 3, 6, 9) based cross‐linkers. The influence of the cross‐linker length, the HyTemp/cross‐linker (w/w) ratio and the cross‐linking accelerator trifluoromethanesulfonate scandium salt (ScTFMS) on the structure and the properties of the materials are studied. The cross‐linker length has not influence on the glass transition (Tg) of the products because of the presence of the flexible PEG units that cancels out the cross‐linking effect associated to a shift to higher Tg. A two‐domain structure is seen by the presence of a dual Tg in samples cured with ScTFMS. Mathematical analysis of the modulated differential scanning calorimetry curves offers for the first time the possibility to identify/confirm structural differences in complex three‐dimensional polymeric structures. Scanning electron microscopy and swelling experiments in ethyl acetate respectively reveal an increase in the pore size (1.13 to 5.48 nm) and in the absorption ability of the elastomers cured with different types and quantities of PEG cross‐linker. The new elastomeric materials are exhibiting a rubbery state over a wide temperature range and absorptivity for the potential recovery of pollutants in soil and/or water.
Deep‐learning‐based downscaling of precipitation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River using residual‐based CNNs
Authors: Fu He , Guo Jianing , Deng Chenguang , Liu Heng , Wu Jie , Shi Zhengguo , Wang Cailing , Xie Xiaoning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe middle reaches of the Yellow River (MRYR), located in northern China, are the transition zone between semi‐arid and semi‐humid climates. As one of the climate‐sensitive regions in China, MRYR has a fragile ecological environment and serious soil loss, which leads to geological disasters such as landslides, collapses, and mudslides caused by extreme precipitation. However, scarceness of high‐resolution precipitation data over MRYR limits assessment of the environmental impacts caused by climate change, especially for extreme precipitation. In this article, we design a Residual‐in‐Residual Dense Block based Network (RRDBNet) model for the statistical downscaling of precipitation in MRYR, and compare the proposed RRDBNet with a generalized linear regression model (GLM) and two popular deep‐learning‐based models. The multi‐level residuals and dense connectivity strategies introduced in RRDBNet help it to learn more abstract features and complex nonlinear relationships among climate variables to improve downscaling performance. The results show that the proposed RRDBNet has good performance in precipitation simulations, which can reproduce the spatial–temporal characteristics of high‐resolution precipitation well. RRDBNet reduces the root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) by 19% and improves the Pearson correlation coefficient (CC) by 6% relative to GLM for climatology mean precipitation. Especially, RRDBNet has substantial improvements in extreme precipitation compared with other models. It reduces RMSE by 58% (79%) and improves CC by 38% (145%) relative to GLM for R95P (R99P), where R95P and R99P represent extreme precipitation and very extreme precipitation, respectively. For the probability density function of daily precipitation, it is further demonstrated that RRDBNet performs better as regards extreme precipitation frequency. Our results suggest that statistical downscaling based on RRDBNet may be an effective tool for historical and future climate simulations from global climate models.
Dynamic channel selection based on vertical sensitivities for the assimilation of FY‐4A geostationary interferometric infrared sounder targeted observations
Authors: Li Yonghui , Han Wei , Duan Wansuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTarget observations have garnered significant attention owing to their successful applications in enhancing forecasting skills of extreme weather events, particularly tropical cyclone (TC) events. The key step of implementing target observation is to determine the sensitive area in advance. Previous studies often obtained the sensitive areas for TC forecasting by vertically integrating the energy of optimal perturbation and taking the horizontal area of large energy, in an attempt to use it to represent roughly the sensitivity of the whole atmospheric layer. The advent of the geostationary interferometric infrared sounder on the FY‐4A satellite and then corresponding satellite data assimilation have opened up a new possibility for identifying the vertical sensitivity for TC forecasting to improve the forecasting skill. This article proposes a targeting satellite channel (TSC) approach to accurately capture the sensitivity along vertical directions of the atmosphere that allows one to preferentially select the channels whose observations locate on the sensitive vertical atmospheric layers. Numerical experiments demonstrate that, when preferentially assimilating the channel observations obtained from the TSC approach, the TC tracks achieve a considerably smaller forecast error than the information entropy channel selection approach. The TSC approach, therefore, has the potential for the satellite data assimilation to improve TC track forecasting skill very effectively, which can also provide guidance to targeting observations in field campaigns for TC forecasting.
Enhanced Redox Activity of Anthraquinone on N‐Doped Porous Carbon Electrode
Authors: Desa Susilo Sudarman , Nueangnoraj Khanin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnthraquinone is one of the organic molecules that can potentially replace metal‐based electrodes due to its fast and reversible redox reaction as well as the abundance in nature. Here, we reported the redox activity of anthraquinone on N‐doped porous carbon electrodes derived from chemical activation of tea leaves with potassium carbonate. Electrochemical behavior was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge in sulfuric acid, with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy providing insights into the surface chemistry of the electrodes. Anthraquinone on the composite electrode was able to achieve 97 % of its theoretical storage capacity. We found that nitrogen‐containing functional groups, especially graphitic and pyrrolic groups, had a major impact on the enhanced redox activity of anthraquinone.
A New Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Azithromycin using Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Boron‐Doped Diamond Nanoparticles and Reduced‐Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jiwanti Prastika K. , Insani Shafa A. , Sari Anis P. , Wafiroh Siti 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcessive use of azithromycin (AZM) is associated with resistance and negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an electrochemical sensor for AZM. The screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with boron‐doped diamond nanoparticle (BDDNP) and reduced‐graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully applied to measure the AZM concentration. The morphology of the modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX). Furthermore, the effect of electrochemical parameters, such as signal per background, scan rate, and selectivity was determined. The results showed that under optimum conditions, the plot of AZM demonstrated linearity in the range of 30–100 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) at 1.6 μM. The repeatability and recovery were also investigated, and the sensor was applied to real samples obtained from hospital wastewater. A remarkable 93.27 % recovery rate and excellent precision were recorded with an %RSD of 2.41 %. This study underscores the potential of SPCE modified with rGO/BDDNP for accurate and reliable measurement of AZM levels, showcasing great applicability in addressing the challenges associated with monitoring AZM in various environmental settings.
A Review on Surface Modification of Plant Fibers for Enhancing Properties of Biocomposites
Authors: Karthik A. , Bhuvaneshwaran M. , Senthil Kumar M. S. , Palanisamy Sivasubramanian , Palaniappan Murugesan , Ayrilmis Nadir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, significant progress has been made in creating environmentally friendly products using natural resources. Plant fibers, also known as lignocellulosic fibers, are hydrophilic due to the interaction and attraction between water molecules and the hydroxyl groups present in their components. The inherent hydrophilicity of plant fibers often prevents them from interacting effectively with hydrophobic polymer matrices. In order to improve the adhesion between plant fibers and the matrix, it is necessary to modify the surface of the fibers. Commonly used chemical processes include mercerization, silane treatment, acetylation, permanganate treatment, acrylation, benzoylation, peroxide treatment, stearic acid treatment, isocyanate treatment and sodium chlorite intervention. The desirability of chemically modifying the surface of plant fibers has declined due to several limitations. Plant fibers can be modified in an environmentally friendly way by various methods, such as plasma therapy and treatments using fungi, enzymes and bacteria. This part provides an analysis of the impact of different environmentally friendly surface modification techniques on the properties of plant fibers and reinforced polymers.
Design of Biphenyl‐Type Programmed Cell Death‐Ligand 1 Inhibitors Using 3D‐QSAR, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhu Pengbo , Xu Jindan , Du Mingyan , Tong Yan , Li Xiaofei , Dong Chunhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBlocking the interaction between programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a crucial immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer. Currently, all inhibitors available on the market that target PD‐1/PD‐L1 are monoclonal antibodies, with no small molecule drugs yet accessible. This study focused on PD‐L1 and conducted three‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) research on 39 PD‐L1 inhibitors using Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA). The CoMFA (q2=0.593, r2=0.991) and CoMSIA (q2=0.542, r2=0.971) models were successfully established. Based on these models, a series of structurally novel and potentially active PD‐L1 inhibitors (37 a–37 e) were designed. Among these compounds, 37 c exhibited superior performance, with CoMFA predicting a pIC50 value of 9.204 and CoMSIA predicting a pIC50 value of 8.597. Further molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that compound 37 c establishes hydrophobic interactions with BTyr56 and BVal68 of PD‐L1, engages in hydrogen bonds with AAsp122, ALys124, and BTyr123, and forms electrostatic interactions with ALys124 and AMet115. The design of this biphenyl series of inhibitors offers additional options for the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting PD‐L1, with 37 c expected to be a promising inhibitor of PD‐L1.
Removable PDMS Films with Ultra‐Low AgNPs Content and Effective SERS Effect by N‐Octylamine Transfer and Immersion Deposition
Authors: Aguilar‐Melo Valentina , Pech‐Pech Ildefonso E. , Bacelis‐Jiménez Ángel A. , Talavera‐Pech William A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe short alkyl chain of N‐octylamine was demonstrated to be able to transfer silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the aqueous to toluene phase with a narrow average size lower than 10 nm via ligand exchange between N‐octylamine and the sodium citrate used as a reducing and stabilizing agent during AgNPs synthesis. Surface plasmon analysis by UV‐visible spectroscopy showed that the N‐octylamine concentration significantly influences the concentration and stability of AgNPs transferred to the toluene phase and the time required for such transfer. Then, the transferred silver nanoparticles were deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate by drop‐casting (PDMS‐T‐50‐D) or immersion (PDMS‐T‐50‐I). XPS analysis demonstrated that the AgNPs are deposited at lower than 0.02 % atomic percentages through both deposition methods. The Raman signal and the noise by fluorescence signal were shown to be significantly influenced by the AgNPs deposition method on PDMS film. The trace content of AgNPs on the flexible PDMS films on both PDMS‐T‐50‐D and PDMS‐T‐50‐I substrates can eliminate the fluorescence signal of the analyte; however, only the PDMS‐T‐50‐I substrate demonstrated a remarkable SERS‐enhanced signal. These results could significantly contribute to the design of new flexible and removable SERS substrates with ultra‐low contents of noble metal NPs.
Thiourea Dioxide Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of Diverse Quinoxaline and Pyrazine Derivatives in Aqueous Medium at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Saini Kamlesh , Manju  , Raigar Ashok K. , Guleria Anjali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn eco‐conscious, metal‐free protocol has been developed to synthesize a diverse collection of biologically and pharmacologically active quinoxaline and pyrazine derivatives. The protocol involves a one‐pot condensation of various 1,2‐diamines with 1,2‐diones using thiourea dioxide as a catalyst and water as a solvent at ambient temperature. Notably, the catalyst can be reused up to five times without any significant loss of efficacy. The green aspects of this method involved milder reaction conditions, higher yields with shorter reaction times, simple work‐up, non‐chromatographic separations, good reusability, and easy catalyst recovery by simple filtration. Moreover, the reaction is successfully accelerated to a multigram scale, making it favourable for production at a larger scale.
Enriched Surface Oxygen Vacancies of CeO2 Nanosheets: Surfactant Free Synthesis at Room Temperature and its Enhanced Anti‐bacterial Property
Authors: Javed Kanwal , Bian Xiaona , Ren Yufang , Kousar Sobia , Ullah Zafar Fahad , Li Xue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, flower shape cerium oxide (CeO2) nanosheets were synthesized at room temperature through a facile precipitation method without adding any surfactant. The synthesized nanosheets were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that the CeO2 nanosheets form a petal‐like morphology and have fluorite crystal structure with no crystal phase impurity while the average crystallite size of nanosheets i. e. ~10 nm. The CeO2 nanosheets are applied as an antimicrobial agent and the antibacterial property against G+ and G− bacteria i. e. (E. coli and S. Aureus) were studied. The obtained results showed that the synthesized CeO2 nanosheets had good antibacterial performance at different concentrations, which should be attributed to the reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ valence states and greater oxygen vacancies. XPS study of CeO2 nanosheets after antibacterial test confirmed the existence of Ce3+ ions and oxygen vacancies. CeO2 nanosheets have showed the greater potential as antibacterial nanomaterials against both the bactericides.
Europium/Graphite Phase Carbon Nitride Composites: Preparation and Photocatalytic Degradation Potential of Different Drugs
Authors: Shi Qi , Cao Pan , Huang Siqi , Ren Zhixin , Lv Yuguang , Peng Tai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGraphene‐like materials were prepared by thermal copolymerization using melamine as a precursor, and chemical methods successfully synthesized Eu/g‐C3N4 composites containing different europium elements. Degradation rates of 64.3 %, 91.9 %, and 72.8 % were observed in the photocatalytic degradation of Pefloxacin, Enrofloxacin, and Ciprofloxacin under visible light (λ>550 nm). Determine the photocatalytic activity of the composite. When the doping amount was Eu/g‐C3N4‐2 with k=0.0135 min−1, four times greater than that of g‐C3N4, the best photocatalytic effect was obtained. Repeated studies revealed that the Eu/g‐C3N4 composite samples had good cycle stability, and a potential degradation process was postulated.
Is the lecture dead? Medical students’ perspectives on reconciling live lectures and 21st‐century learning
Authors: Chodisetty Vamsi , Jain Amish , Cowles Landry , Cowan Nate , Imbroane Marisa , Jeong Hejin , Fry Sarah , Wilson‐Delfosse Amy L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes a literature review evaluating five innovative health professions education approaches to large group teaching and presents student perspectives regarding their implementation.
The pyrolytic oil and castor oil methyl ester blend with nano‐additive as fuel in a diesel engine for environmental safety and preservation
Authors: Devan Ponnusamy Kumarasami , Balasubramanian Manickam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increase in the use of plastic products and disposal of the same pose a threat to the world community due to its poor biodegradability. Chemically treating the waste plastic to extract oil and using as the fuel in the form of blends will safeguard the environment. It was observed that viscosity and lubricity of such oils were lower than standard diesel. High Ricinoleic fatty acid ester is added to improve the lubricity of novel pyrolytic blend. Lower blends were prepared for the investigation. Cator ester was added to Pyro‐Diesel along with graphene quantum dot (GQD). The fuel blend is prepared with concentration of 30 ppm GQD nano‐particles. The investigation was made on using CME and PD20 blend. The blend was prepared using Castor oil methyl ester, Pyrolytic oil and nano particle Graphene Quantum Dot (GQD). GQD has extraordinary ecological characteristics such as biocompatibility, large surface area excellent solubility. This combination is a novel work which resulted in reduced emissions. The results reveal that oxides of nitrogen and smoke were increased for all the ternary blends but combustion characteristics improved. The performance of PCD10 (10% CME + 20% Pyro + 70% Diesel) was higher than that of Pyro‐Diesel blend. Hence, ternary blend may be chosen as fuel.
A Fundamental Perspective on the Selective Zn Substitution in Ternary Ordered Intermetallic Compound Cu6Zn2Sb2
Authors: Roy Nilanjan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe unique site substitution of Zn in the structure of tetragonal and atomically ordered Cu6Zn2Sb2, followed by the formation of Cu5Zn3Sb2, has been addressed from fundamental perspectives. First principles energy calculations, and semi‐empirical electronic structure calculations using the density of states, crystal orbital Hamilton population, crystal orbital bond index and Mulliken population analysis were performed to understand the observed substitution pattern and the narrow homogeneity range of the titled compound. Mulliken and Löwdin's approach of charge analysis explain the experimentally proved ‘coloring’, based on the ‘site energy’ argument. The concept of ‘topological charge stabilization’ has been introduced in this context. Valence electron concentration and the optimization of the partially covalent Cu−Sb interactions also play pivotal role in the electronic stability of the titled phase.
The Room: Intimate Microcosms and World Formation
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter pursues a revised dialectics of inside and outside whereby the ‘home’, in its broadest sense, and, within it, the individual room, function as the lens through which one observes and experiences the world, existing both within a broader framework and as the centre of one’s being. The chapter also queries how the experience of living within institutional contexts of self-proclaimed hospitality transforms the perception of intimate spaces, as well as their function and locationality within a social milieu, due to their recalibrating and re/decentring. The case studies are Rachel De-lahay’s Routes (2013), Duncan Macmillan’s People, Places and Things (2015) and Dipo Baruwa-Etti’s The Clinic (2022).
The Limbo: Liminal Loci and Timeless Travels
Authors: Angelaki Vicky 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter takes on subjective times and time travel, as well as the ways in which these reveal fledgling consciousnesses that strive to take hold against the dominant transgressive capitalist consumption context that the characters find themselves inhabiting, and which promotes an exclusionary temporal linearity. The revisiting and occasional slowing down of time provides a window for intervention, disruption, re-routing and re-rooting towards a re-evaluation and re-positioning, and a re-inscription of the personal, socio-political and scientific/cosmic narrative. The case studies are E V Crowe’s The Sewing Group (2016), Chris Bush’s

"Image missing" the End of the World (2021) and Alistair McDowall’s The Glow (2022).
Conclusion
Authors: Ivanova Polina , Momesso Lara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter summarises the main findings of this volume on refugees and asylum seekers in Japan and Taiwan, in relation to its stated objectives and its chosen conceptual framework. It emphasises the interrelation between the three main parts of the book: legal and policy frameworks, media representation and public opinion, and lived experiences. It examines implications of the findings, their applicability beyond the given geopolitical scope and sociocultural context and acknowledges the limitations of the project. Based on the main findings and tendencies that have emerged from the investigated case studies, the chapter formulates recommendations for further research and for policy and practice.