bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of immunodeficient molecules in neonatal mononuclear cells by proteomic differential displays
Authors: Yu Hong‐Ren , Kuo Hsing‐Chun , Huang Hsin‐Chun , Kuo Ho‐Chang , Chen Tai‐Yuan , Huang Li‐Tung , Tain You‐Lin , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Sheen Jiunn‐Ming , Lin I‐Chun , Ou Chia‐Yo , Hsu Te‐Yao , Jheng Yi‐Jyun , Yang Kuender D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHuman newborns are known to be susceptible to microbial infection. This susceptibility is generally attributed to immaturity of the newborn immune system. However, the mechanisms for impaired immunity in newborns are still incompletely defined. In this study, we sought to elucidate the protein differential display between adult and neonatal mononuclear cells (MNC) using a proteomic approach. MNC samples from cord blood and adult peripheral blood were subjected to 2‐D PAGE analysis. Differential protein displays between cord blood and adult MNC were determined and validated. There were 34 differentially expressed proteins between cord blood and adult MNC identified by 2‐D PAGE. The differentially displayed proteins were clustered into two major signal pathways, cellular processing and purine metabolism. After validation by Western blot, we found more abundant arginase‐1 (ARG1) and Rho GDP‐dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2), while less adenosine deaminase (ADA) and β‐actin in cord blood MNC. In functional validation, we found that lower ADA was proven to enhance the TNF‐α production by cord blood monocytes. The results from this study discovered the proteomic displays for altered immunity between adult and neonatal MNC that support a understanding of the correction of impaired immune response in newborns.
End‐functionalization of isotactic polypropylene via consecutive chain transfer reaction to norbornadiene and hydrogen
Authors: Lee Jing‐Yu , Tsai Jing‐Cherng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStructurally well‐defined end functionalized isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is prepared by conducting a selective chain transfer reaction during the isospecific polymerization of propylene in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD) and hydrogen using rac‐Me2Si(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)2 ZrCl2/MAO as the catalyst. The production of NBD‐capped iPP involves a unique consecutive chain transfer reaction, first to NBD and then to hydrogen, for situating the incorporated NBD at the iPP chain end. The NBD end group of NBD‐capped iPP can be converted into other reactive functional group through functional group transformation reactions. The resulting functional group end‐capped iPP can be used for the construction of stereoregular block copolymers (e.g., iPP‐b‐PMMA and iPP‐b‐PS) through postpolymeriztion reactions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis of polymers bearing proline moieties in the side chains and their application as catalysts for asymmetric induction
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Terada Kayo , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNovel polyphenylacetylene and polystyrene derivatives carrying L‐proline moieties at the side chains were synthesized by the rhodium‐catalyzed and radical polymerizations of the corresponding monomers. The polyphenylacetylene derivatives showed Cotton effects at the absorption region of the main chain, indicating that the polymers adopt helical conformations with predominantly one‐handed screw sense. The polymers catalyzed the asymmetric aldol reactions of acetone with aromatic aldehydes, and cyclohexanone with p‐nitrobenzaldehyde. The enantioselectivities largely depended on the reaction conditions. In the asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone with aromatic aldehydes, the R‐enantiomeric products were predominantly obtained except the cases with the polymer catalyst in CHCl3. The ee of the products became higher as the reaction temperature was decreased. The polymeric catalysts were recoverable from the reaction mixture by filtration, and the recovered ones catalyzed the asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone with p‐nitrobenzaldehyde without decreasing the product yield and ee. The ee was improved using the copolymers of L‐proline‐based and nonchiral monomers as catalysts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Half‐lanthanocene/dialkylmagnesium‐mediated coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of styrene and hexene
Authors: Valente Andreia , Zinck Philippe , Mortreux Andre' , Bria Marc , Visseaux Marc 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Cp*La(BH4)2(THF)2/n‐butylethylmagnesium (BEM) catalytic system has been assessed for the coordinative chain transfer copolymerization of styrene and 1‐hexene. Poly(styrene‐co‐hexene) statistical copolymers were obtained with number‐average molecular weight up to 7600 g/mol, PDI around 1.4 and 1.5 and up to 23% hexene content. The occurence of chain transfer reactions in the presence of excess BEM is established in the course of the statistical copolymerization. Thanks to this transfer process, the quantity of 1‐hexene in the copolymer is increased by a factor of about 3 for high ratio of hexene in the feed, extending the range of our concept of a chain transfer induced control of the composition of statistical copolymers to poly(styrene‐co‐hexene) copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Investigation of terahertz waves through semiconductor subwavelength slits with dielectric coating layers
Authors: He Xiaoyong , Cai Genwang , Li Rui , Zhang Junde 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe optical properties of terahertz (THz) waves through the heavily doped semiconductor slits with dielectric layers coated on the slits surfaces have been investigated. The influence of the dielectric coating layer, radiation frequencies, and temperatures on the propagation properties of surface modes have been shown. The results show that the propagation losses have been reduced by coating dielectric layers on the slit surfaces. As the thickness of the dielectric layer increases, the effective indices increase, the propagation losses decrease. The numerical contour results demonstrate that with the increasing of carrier concentration, the effective indices of the surface modes decrease, the propagation losses of surface modes decrease. As temperatures increase, the carrier concentration and dielectric constants of the semidonductor slits increase, resulting in the propagation constants of surface modes decreasing. The numerical results are very useful and important in the fields of THz sensing, spectroscopy and waveguides.
Interference of coherent spin waves in micron‐sized ferromagnetic waveguides
Authors: Pirro Philipp , Brächer Thomas , Vogt Katrin , Obry Björn , Schultheiss Helmut , Leven Britta , Hillebrands Burkard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present experimental observations of the interference of spin‐wave modes propagating in opposite directions in micron‐sized Ni81Fe19‐waveguides. To monitor the local spin‐wave intensity distribution and phase of the formed interference pattern, we use Brillouin light scattering microscopy. The two‐dimensional spin‐wave intensity map can be understood by considering the interference of several waveguide eigenmodes with different wavevectors quantized across the width of the stripe. The phase shows a transition from linear dependence on the space coordinate near the antennas characteristic for propagating waves to discrete values in the center region characteristic for standing waves.
Energy landscape of silicon tetra‐interstitials using an optimized classical potential
Authors: Du Yaojun A. , Lenosky Thomas J. , Hennig Richard G. , Goedecker Stefan , Wilkins John W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMobile single interstitials can grow into extended interstitial defect structures during thermal anneals following ion implantation. The silicon tetra‐interstitials present an important intermediate structure that can either provide a chain‐like nucleation site for extended structures or form a highly stable compact interstitial cluster preventing further growth. In this paper, dimer searches using the tight‐binding (TB) model by Lenosky et al. and density functional calculations show that the compact ground‐state $I_{4}^{a} $ and the I4‐chain are surrounded by high‐lying neighboring local minima.To furthermore explore the phase space of tetra‐interstitial structures an empirical potential is optimized to a database of silicon defect structures. The minima hopping method combined with this potential extensively searches the energy landscape of tetra‐interstitials and discovers several new low‐energy I4 structures. The second lowest‐energy I4 structure turns out to be a distorted ground‐state tri‐interstitial bound with a single interstitial, which confirms that the ground‐state tri‐interstitial may serve as a nucleation center for the extended defects in silicon.
Optical properties of single InGaN quantum dots and their devices
Authors: Sebald K. , Kalden J. , Lohmeyer H. , Gutowski J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNitride‐based quantum dots have many attractive optical properties for the realization of quantum dot (QD) based devices which will be presented in this contribution. We will analyze the basic characteristics of single InGaN QDs and their electroluminescence (EL) as well as the optical properties of QD stacks and their gain spectra. The single QDs are characterized by the high temperature stability of their emission up to 150 K in PL and EL and even up to room temperature for stacked QD samples. Furthermore, the polarization of individual QD emission lines was analyzed giving an insight into their geometrical shape. Time‐resolved microphotoluminescence (µ‐PL) measurements on the excitonic and biexcitonic transition of a single QD as well as on the influence of piezoelectric fields on them and on their binding energy were performed. Further, we present an analysis of electrically driven luminescence from single InGaN QDs embedded into a light emitting diode structure showing single sharp emission lines in the green spectral region with a high temperature stability up to 150 K. Furthermore, for the possible integration within optical devices in the future the threshold power density as well as the modal gain were investigated for samples with stacked InGaN QD layers. They show a modal gain per QD being comparable to that of II–VI and III‐As compounds. These results give a good insight into the basic optical properties of InGaN QD based devices and showing their high potential for electrically driven single photon emitters as well as for bright, low‐threshold InGaN QD based light emitting devices in the near future.
Valence band localized states in double quantum wells from first principles
Authors: Medina Arcesio Castañeda , Gutiérrez Rafael M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe electrostatic potentials and electronic structure of an AlAs/GaAs double quantum well (DQW) heterostructure are determined through ab initio computations. The study of the potentials along the growth direction establishes a clear relation between the microscopic structure and the relevant macroscopic properties of the heterostructure, namely, the DQW dimensions and the band offsets. At nanometric scale, the one electron effective potential energy is a DQW and the valence band edge electronic states are confined along the growth direction. Such states coincide qualitatively with those analytically obtained through the so‐called envelope function/effective mass approximation.
The economic performance of the Shewhart t chart
Authors: Celano, Giovanni , Castagliola, Philippe , Trovato Enrico , Fichera Sergio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the production of small batches of customized parts, high flexibility and frequent switching of production from one product variant to another could not allow for the implementation of a control chart to monitor the process. In fact, when a short‐run production should be started, the distribution parameters of the quality characteristics to be monitored are frequentlytextitunknown and the production run is too short to get sufficient Phase I samples. To overcome this problem, the statistical properties of Shewhart t charts monitoring a short production run have been recently discussed in literature. In this paper, we investigate their economic performance: the SPC inspection cost optimization is constrained by the manufacturing and the inspection activities configuration. The decision variables of the problem include the chart design parameters and the size of batches of parts to be worked and released to the local inspection area. A numerical analysis aimed at evaluating the economic performance of the Shewhart t chart vs the Shewhart chart with known parameters has been performed. The expected economic loss associated with the implementation of the Shewhart t chart is acceptable with respect to the ‘ideal’ condition of the control chart with known parameters when the cost optimization is achieved without a statistical constraint limiting the number of expected false alarms. Finally, the effect of an erroneous initial set‐up on the correctness of the inspection cost estimation has been investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of neural networks in statistical process control charts
Authors: Psarakis Stelios 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeural networks (NNs) are massively parallel computing mechanism emulating a human brain. It has been proved that they had a satisfactory performance when they were used for a wide variety of applications. In the recent years, the efficiencies that provided the NNs also began to be applied in statistical process control (SPC). SPC charts have become one of the most commonly used tools for monitoring process stability and variability in today's manufacturing environment. These tools are used to determine whether the process is statistically under or out of control but in some cases such as the presence of autocorrelation as well as the presence of a specific pattern in the data do not provide the possibility of correctly and quickly detecting and classifying the existing fault. These problems have led many researchers to propose alternative methods for monitoring processes such as the use of NNs. In this paper, we discuss issues concerning the combination of both tools. Specifically, we study the NNs for the detection and determination of mean and/or variance shifts as well as in pattern recognition in the SPC charts. Furthermore, the use of NNs when the data are correlated is discussed. Finally, the use of NNs in multivariate control charts is addressed. The networks architectures that were used for each case, the way of operation and the performance of the proposed NNs applications are pointed out. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint optimization of independent multiple responses
Authors: Erdbrügge Martina , Kuhnt Sonja , Rudak Nikolaus 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMost of the existing methods for the analysis and optimization of multiple responses require some kinds of weighting of these responses, for instance in terms of cost or desirability. Particularly at the design stage, such information is hardly available or will rather be subjective. An alternative strategy uses loss functions and a penalty matrix that can be decomposed into a standardizing (data‐driven) and a weight matrix. The effect of different weight matrices is displayed in joint optimization plots in terms of predicted means and variances of the response variables. In this article, we propose how to choose weight matrices for two and more responses. Furthermore, we prove the Pareto optimality of every point that minimizes the conditional mean of the loss function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of Bake Hardening Effect on Laser Welded Hot Rolled Ferrite‐Bainite Dual Phase Steels
Authors: Asadi Mehdi , Schlosser Nicole , Palkowski Heinz 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe influence of bake hardening (BH) effect on laser welded hot rolled ferrite‐bainite dual phase steel (FBS) with respect to the process conditions was investigated. The samples were firstly laser welded and then pre‐strained. Pre‐strained the samples with defined degrees of deformation and a subsequent aging treatment leads to enhanced hardness and strengthening for both conditions. The microstructure of the fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) was studied. A high volume fraction of martensite could be observed in the FZ as well as in the HAZ. Both steels exhibited a clear BH effect in both, the as‐received and the laser welded conditions. The BH effect is more pronounced in the pre‐strained laser welded condition.
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Performance Characteristics of a Plastic Mold Steel
Authors: Hill H. , Raab U. , Weber S. , Theisen W. , Wollmann M. , Wagner L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProcessing of polymers depends on corrosion‐ and wear resistant tool materials being in direct contact with the feedstock material. Plastic mold steels, a special group of tool steels, are successfully applied here, offering both a good wear and corrosion resistance. The lifetime of tools used for plastic processing not only depends on wear and corrosion resistance but also on the mechanical properties of the tool material for example, its flexural strength. In this work, mechanical tests of a commercial plastic mold steel were performed and related to the heat treatment. A close correlation of the amount of retained austenite and carbides and the mechanical properties was encountered. The paper discusses strategies to optimize the mechanical properties by an adequate heat treatment with regard to the resulting corrosion and wear resistance.
Rapid Assessment of Frying Performance Using Small Size Samples of Oils/Fats
Authors: Aladedunye Felix A. , Przybylski Roman 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA rapid, effective test mimicking actual frying was developed to assess the frying performance of oils and fats using small size samples. To a small volume of the oil to be tested, a formulated food consisting of gelatinized potato starch, glucose and silica gel (4:1:1 w/w) were added and content heated at 185 ± 5 °C with mixing for 2 h. Thermo‐oxidative degradation of the oil was assessed by the measurement of the total amount of polar components and their composition, including degradation of tocopherols. The developed fast test accurately mimics actual frying done using an institutional fryer as assessed by the accumulation and composition of total polar components and the amount of residual tocopherols. The validity of the test was assessed using the following oils: regular canola, high oleic– low linolenic canola, and high oleic sunflower. Comparison of data between the fast frying test and institutional frying revealed a lack of significant differences. The developed frying test provides reliable quantitative and qualitative data describing the performance of the frying oil/fat. The rapid frying procedure allows assessment of the frying performance of oils at the early stages of development where usually only small amounts of the sample are available and when a large number of samples have to be tested assessing effects of oil additives.
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of the ITIH5 tumor suppressor gene in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Oing Christoph , Jost Edgar , Dahl Edgar , Wilop Stefan , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Galm Oliver 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA hypermethylation and modifications of histone amino acids are known to play an important role in the control of gene expression both in normal human development and tumorigenesis. Hypermethylation of CpG islands within promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes is associated with transcriptional inactivation and represents, in addition to genetic aberrations, an important mechanism of gene silencing in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Inter-α-trypsine inhibitors (ITIs) are a family of serine protease inhibitors consisting of one light chain (bikunin) and two heavy chains (ITI heavy chains, ITIHs). ITIHs stabilize the extracellular matrix (ECM) by interacting with hyaluronic acid, which is a major ECM component. Hypermethylation in the upstream region of the promoter-associated CpG island of ITIH5, the most recently described member of the ITIH family, has been previously detected in breast cancer and was associated with an adverse outcome. In this study, we determined the DNA methylation status of the promoter region near the transcription start site of the ITIH5 tumor suppressor gene in leukemia cell lines and primary samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as the potential use of demethylating agents to restore a demethylated state of the promoter. Aberrant ITIH5 promoter hypermethylation occurred in 15 of 104 (14.4%) diagnostic AML samples. There were no statistically significant correlations between the ITIH5 methylation status and clinical prognostic parameters. Our results indicate that aberrant ITIH5 promoter hypermethylation is a novel epigenetic event in AML.
A neural predictor of cultural popularity
Authors: Berns Gregory S. , Moore Sara E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe use neuroimaging to predict cultural popularity — something that is popular in the broadest sense and appeals to a large number of individuals. Neuroeconomic research suggests that activity in reward‐related regions of the brain, notably the orbitofrontal cortex and ventral striatum, is predictive of future purchasing decisions, but it is unknown whether the neural signals of a small group of individuals are predictive of the purchasing decisions of the population at large. For neuroimaging to be useful as a measure of widespread popularity, these neural responses would have to generalize to a much larger population that is not the direct subject of the brain imaging itself. Here, we test the possibility of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to predict the relative popularity of a common good: music. We used fMRI to measure the brain responses of a relatively small group of adolescents while listening to songs of largely unknown artists. As a measure of popularity, the sales of these songs were totaled for the three years following scanning, and brain responses were then correlated with these “future” earnings. Although subjective likability of the songs was not predictive of sales, activity within the ventral striatum was significantly correlated with the number of units sold. These results suggest that the neural responses to goods are not only predictive of purchase decisions for those individuals actually scanned, but such responses generalize to the population at large and may be used to predict cultural popularity.