bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tools for the genetic analysis of germ cells
Authors: Hammond Shirley S. , Matin Angabin 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGerm cells are essential for the propagation of individual species. Studies on germ cell development in mice highlight important biological paradigms. Beginning with their first appearance around embryonic day 7 (E7), germ cells undergo specific cellular changes at different stages of their embryonic and adult development. Germ cells migrate through the hind‐regions of the embryo to eventually home into the developing gonads. Further differentiation and development of germ cells differ in males and females. The processes involved in germ cell development and their eventual differentiation into sperm and oocytes have been under extensive investigation in recent years. Studies on germ cells have shed light on the cellular and molecular processes involved in their specification, migration, proliferation, death, and differentiation. These studies have also revealed much about maintenance of stem cell populations and fertility. Here we review the genetic tools that are at present available to study germ cells in the mouse. genesis 47:617–627, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sox17‐2A‐iCre: A knock‐in mouse line expressing Cre recombinase in endoderm and vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Engert Silvia , Liao W. Perry , Burtscher Ingo , Lickert Heiko 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSox17 encodes an SRY‐related high‐mobility group (HMG) box transcription factor that is essential for endoderm formation and fetal hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. In the mouse, expression of Sox17 is first observed in the extraembryonic endoderm and is subsequently seen in the definitive endoderm as well as in blood and the endothelial cells of the developing vasculature. To conditionally inactivate genes in these domains, we have targeted the Sox17 locus to generate a bicistronic mRNA linking Sox17 to a codon improved Cre recombinase (iCre) via a viral 2A sequence. Here we report a new Cre knock‐in mouse line, Sox17‐2A‐iCre, with activity in the developing endoderm, the vascular endothelial cells of the cardiovascular system and the hematopoietic system. Our results indicate that the Sox17‐2A‐iCre is active in an early endoderm progenitor and recombination of the Rosa26 reporter was observed in all previously reported expression domains of Sox17. The Sox17‐2A‐iCre line will be an excellent tool to conditionally inactivate genes in the definitive endoderm as well as in the vasculature and hematopoietic system. genesis 47:603–610, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An essential gene mutagenesis screen across the highly conserved piebald deletion region of mouse chromosome 14
Authors: Hagarman James A. , O'Brien Timothy P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPiebald (left) and piebald deletion heterozygous (right) mice, showing altered pigmentation. An ENU mutagenesis screen for essential genes was performed using piebald deletion complex alleles. See the paper by Hagarman and O'Brien in this issue.
Fast matching algorithm for isodensity contours of faces based on chain coded description and interpolation of isodensity contours
Authors: Natsumeda Ko , Kato Yoshihiro , Nakamura Osamu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA personal identification system based on isodensity maps in which the properties of a face are well reflected has been proposed. In the conventional method, however, there were problems in terms of the memory requirements for the registration of face images and the processing time. To alleviate these problems, a new matching scheme using chain coded isodensity maps is proposed. Isodensity contours are line pictures. Therefore, they can be converted to chain codes. By using the coded isodensity contours, the improvement of the processing performance can be expected in terms of the processing time and the memory size required. In this paper, a robust personal identification system for angled faces based on the chain coded isodensity maps is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 57–65, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10035
Prediction of travel time in urban district based on state equation
Authors: Hiramatsu Ayako , Nose Kazuo , Tenmoku Kenji , Morita Takeshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe presentation of travel time information to drivers is one of the important roles of information systems concerned with road traffic. This paper proposes a method for predicting the travel time in urban districts using travel time data from the small sections which make up a route. The forecasting model consists of past time series data on the travel times in the small sections. The travel time for the route in the near future and its accuracy are estimated by using a state equation of the forecasting model. The validity of the method is verified using real data. Validation showed that the prediction error was approximately 2.5 minutes. Generally, for 50 minutes of travel time, it is desirable that the prediction error be within 5 minutes. Therefore, this result appears satisfactory for practical use. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(7): 1–11, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10089
Different role of CD30 in the development of acute and chronic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model
Authors: Polte Tobias , Fuchs Lena , Behrendt Ann‐Kathrin , Hansen Gesine 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCD30 is a costimulatory molecule of the TNF receptor superfamily, expressed on activated T and B cells. Previously, we have shown in a murine asthma model the crucial role of CD30 signaling for the development of this Th2‐cell‐mediated disease. In the present study, we investigated the role of CD30 in the maintenance of the immune response. In contrast to the acute model, in the chronic model CD30−/− mice developed a severe asthma‐like phenotype with eosinophilic inflammation and high serum IgE levels. Collagen content, ECM protein deposition and proliferation of smooth muscle cells as signs for airway remodeling were equally increased in both CD30−/− and WT mice. Reduced expression of the costimulatory molecule OX40 on CD3+ T cells in the acute and up‐regulation in the chronic model indirectly supported a compensatory role of OX40 for CD30 signaling. In accordance, application of agonistic OX40 antibody restored the asthma phenotype in CD30−/− mice in the acute model, whereas chronic airway inflammation was reduced in the presence of an inhibitory anti‐OX40 ligand antibody. These data demonstrate that the crucial role of CD30 signaling in the development of acute asthma may be taken over by other costimulatory molecules like OX40 after long‐term exposure to the antigen.
Hypomorphic mutation of ZAP70 in human results in a late onset immunodeficiency and no autoimmunity
Authors: Picard Capucine , Dogniaux Stéphanie , Chemin Karine , Maciorowski Zofia , Lim Annick , Mazerolles Fabienne , Rieux‐Laucat Frédéric , Stolzenberg Marie‐Claude , Debre Marianne , Magny Jean‐Paul , Le Deist Françoise , Fischer Alain , Hivroz Claire 
Published: June 2009

AbstractComplete lack of function of the tyrosine kinase ZAP70 in humans results in a severe immunodeficiency, characterized by a lack of mature CD8+ T cells and non‐functional CD4+ T cells. We report herein an immunodeficiency with an inherited hypomorphic mutation of ZAP70 due to a single G‐to‐A substitution in a non‐coding intron. This mutation introduces a new acceptor splice site and allows low levels of normal alternative splicing and of WT ZAP70 expression. This partial deficiency results in a compromised TCR signaling that was totally restored by increased expression of ZAP70, demonstrating that defective activation of the patient T cells was indeed caused by the low level of ZAP70 expression. This partial ZAP70 deficiency was associated with an attenuated clinical and immunological phenotype as compared with complete ZAP70 deficiency. CD4+ helper T‐cell populations including, follicular helper T cells, Th1, Th17 and Treg were detected in the blood. Finally, the patient had no manifestation of autoimmunity suggesting that the T‐cell tolerogenic functions were not compromised, in contrast to what has been observed in mice carrying hypomorphic mutations of Zap70. This report extends the phenotype spectrum of ZAP70 deficiency with a residual function of ZAP70.
Synthesis, Structure and Spectral, and Electrochemical Properties of New Mononuclear Ruthenium(III) Complexes of Tris[(benzimidazol‐2‐yl)methyl]amine: Role of Steric Hindrance in Tuning the Catalytic Oxidation Activity
Authors: Murali Mariappan , Mayilmurugan Ramasamy , Palaniandavar Mallayan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe new mononuclear RuIII complexes [Ru(ntb)Cl2]Cl (1), [Ru(ntb)Cl2]ClO4 (1a), and [Ru(mntb)Cl2]Cl (2) (ntb = tris(benzimidazol‐2‐ylmethyl)amine, mntb = tris(N‐methylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylmethyl)amine) have been synthesized and characterized. The X‐ray crystal structure of 1 reveals that the coordination geometry around the RuIII center is distorted octahedral in which four sites are occupied by the tetradentate ligand ntb and the remaining cis positions by two chloride ions. The stronger Ru–Nbzim bonds elongate the Ru–Cl bonds thereby labilizing the coordinated chloride ions. In the electronic absorption spectra the RuIII complexes show two bands corresponding to π(bzim) → t2g(Ru) and pπ(Cl–) → t2g(Ru) ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions along with intraligand transitions in the UV region. Complex 1 shows rhombic EPR spectral features (g1, 2.238; g2, 2.071; g3, 1.790). The RuIII complexes display both RuIII → RuII reduction and RuIII → RuIV oxidation processes. Complexes 1 and 2 catalyze the allylic oxidation of cyclohexene, selective and higher epoxidation of cyclooctene, and hydroxylation of alkanes in the presence of the peroxide TBHP and the peracid m‐CPBA as cooxidants illustrating that the electronic and steric effects of tripodal 4N ligands can be tuned to catalyze the effective oxidative transformation of organic compounds. ESI‐MS studies reveal the formation of ruthenium peroxido species in these catalytic reactions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Selective B–H versus N–H Bond Activation in Ammonia Borane by [Ir(dppm)2]OTf
Authors: Rossin Andrea , Caporali Maria , Gonsalvi Luca , Guerri Annalisa , Lledós Agustí , Peruzzini Maurizio , Zanobini Fabrizio 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAmmonia borane (AB, NH3·BH3) was activated selectively on the boron hydrogen atoms by [Ir(dppm)2]OTf, as shown by variable‐temperature 31P, 11B and 1H NMR studies, to yield cis‐ and trans‐[Ir(H)2(dppm)2]OTf dihydrides. X‐ray crystal structures of these complexes were obtained. DFT calculations suggest the key reaction intermediate to be a Lewis base (L) stabilised adduct, cis‐[Ir(H)(BH2·L)(dppm)2]+(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Phosphate Ester Hydrolysis: Metal Complexes As Purple Acid Phosphatase and Phosphotriesterase Analogues (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 19/2009)
Authors: Gahan Lawrence R. , Smith Sarah J. , Neves Ademir , Schenk Gerhard 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the trimeric structure of the promiscuous glycerophosphodiesterase GpdQ from Enterobacter aerogenes and an octameric zinc(II) complex synthesised as a metalloenzyme biomimetic (the latter image is reproduced with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry from Dalton Trans. 2008, 6045–6054, DOI: 10.1039/b806391e). The cover picture was designed by Caitlin Gahan. Details are presented in the Microreview by L. R. Gahan et al. on p. 2745 ff.
Utilizing Staudinger Ligation for the Synthesis of Glycoamino Acid Building Blocks and Other Glycomimetics
Authors: Schierholt Alexander , Shaikh Harun A. , Schmidt‐Lassen Jörn , Lindhorst Thisbe K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of amide‐linked glycomimetics is of interest in the glycosciences as they represent a typical linkage in biologically important glycoconjugates. We have addressed the synthesis of three types of N‐glycosyl amide architectures, which were targeted using Staudinger ligation. This facile method has allowed us to synthesize a collection of N‐glycosyloctanamides, N‐glycosyloxyethyl amino acids and multivalent glycoclusters. The last two classes represent molecules that can be used as building blocks in solid‐phase peptide synthesis for the preparation of multivalent glycoconjugates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A General and Efficient Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Protocol Using Weak Base and No Water: The Essential Role of Acetate
Authors: Wang Bing , Sun Hui‐Xia , Sun Zhi‐Hua 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA weak base, CsOAc, promotes Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling and related Pd‐catalyzed reactions under anhydrous conditions as effectively as stronger bases. Aryl triflates exhibit unusual reaction rates, which are comparable to that of bromoarenes. A neglected six‐membered transition‐state model was proposed to give alternative insight into the key process of transmetalation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Observation of the C–H···O Hydrogen Bond in Trisialic Acid Lactone and Its Implications for Cooperative Lactonization (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 20/2009)
Authors: Chen Chien‐Sheng , Yu Yi‐Ping , Lin Bo‐Chao , Gervay‐Hague Jacquelyn , Fang Jim‐Min , Hsu Chao‐Ping , Wu Shih‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the simulated NMR spectroscopic structure of polysialic acid polylactone. The local turn conformation of this right‐handed helix is held by an interresidual C–H···O hydrogen bond. The seams connected by C–H···O hydrogen bonds support the cooperative acid‐catalyzed lactonization of oligosialic acid. The hydrogen bond can be seen as the detonator of a Chinese firecracker. Once the hydrogen bond is formed (just like the ignition of the detonator), the cooperative lactones are formed stepwise in the polysialic acid. The construction of the right‐handed helix was described in a previous article (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3648). The observation of the C–H···O hydrogen bond is presented in the article by C.‐S. Chen et al. on p. 3351 ff. The authors thank Ms. Jui‐Wen Sue for the photograph in the cover picture.
Characteristics of strawberry plants propagated by in vitro bioreactor culture and ex vitro propagation method
Authors: Debnath Samir C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractReproducible protocol for regeneration of complete plantlets from ‘Bounty’ strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.), using a combination of gelled medium and bioreactor system, has been standardized. Sepals, leaf discs, and petiole halves produced multiple buds and shoots when cultured on semi solid‐gelled medium containing 4 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) for 4 wk followed by transferring in liquid medium containing 2 μM TDZ in a bioreactor system and cultured for another 4 wk. TDZ induced shoot proliferation at 0.1 μM in the bioreactor system but inhibited shoot elongation. TDZ‐induced shoots were elongated and rooted in vitro on gelled medium containing 2 μM zeatin. Such bioreactor‐derived tissue culture (BC) plantlets obtained from sepal explants were grown ex vitro and compared with those propagated by tissue culture on gelled medium (GC) and by conventional runner cuttings (RC), for growth, morphology, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity after three growth seasons. The BC and GC plants produced more crowns, runners, leaves, and berries than the RC plants although berry weight per plant did not differ significantly. BC and GC plants produced berries with more anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activities than those produced by the RC plants. However, intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker assay produced a homogenous amplification profile in the tissue culture and donor control plants confirming the clonal fidelity of micropropagated plants. In vitro culture on TDZ and zeatin‐containing nutrient media apparently induced the juvenile branching characteristics that favored enhanced vegetative growth with more crown, runners, leaf, and berry production.
User satisfaction with services in a randomised controlled trial of adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Roots Peter , Rowlands Laura , Gowers Simon G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundUser satisfaction is a neglected outcome in adolescent anorexia nervosa especially since the relative effectiveness of different treatments is unclear. It may also affect clinical outcome.AimsTo assess young person's and parents' satisfaction with CAMHS outpatient, specialist outpatient and inpatient treatment received in a large randomised controlled trial.MethodQuantitative and qualitative analysis of questionnaire data from 215 young people and their parents followed by focus groups to further explore emerging themes.ResultsHigh levels of satisfaction were reported, more amongst parents than young people and with specialist services. Both young people and carers strongly valued clinical relationships that involved being listened to and understood. They valued the expertise of specialist rather than generic CAMHS services. There were polarised views on the influence of other young people in inpatient units. Parents in particular valued support for themselves, both from professionals and other parents and felt this, and sibling support was lacking.ConclusionsAll comprehensive CAMH services are able to provide the good generic psychotherapeutic skills that parents and young people value so highly. However, generic CAMHS struggle to provide the demanded level of expertise and more specialised individual and family therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Calculation of thermal conductivity of gypsum plasterboards at ambient and elevated temperature
Authors: de Korte A. C. J. , Brouwers H. J. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPlasterboard often protects steel structures of buildings because it conducts heat slowly and absorbs the heat of the fire by its volumetric enthalpy. The most important property governing the heat transfer is the thermal diffusion. This property depends on the density, specific heat and thermal conductivity. The first two can be calculated based on the mass composition of the board. The thermal conductivity is more difficult to derive since it is a directional property. This paper will focus on the calculation of the thermal conductivity at ambient and elevated temperatures.It is shown that the thermal conductivity of gypsum plasterboard (i.e. a porous medium) can be assumed to be a three‐phase system. Plasterboard consists of a solid phase and a water/air mix in the voids. The differences between different theoretical equations for both dry and moistured plasterboards are presented. The equation proposed by Zehner and Schlunder (Chem. Ing.‐Tech. 1972; 44(23):1303–1308) with shape‐factor C of 5 gave good agreement with experimental data of the different boards. Furthermore, the influence of the composition of the boards on the thermal conductivity is investigated. This has an influence, especially since the composition is also related to its moisture content. Regression analysis points out that the moisture content depends only on the gypsum content. A value of 2.8% absorbed water on the mass of gypsum is found, and this water plays an important role in the thermal conductivity of plasterboard at ambient temperature.Finally, the thermal conductivity of board at elevated temperature is computed. A close fit between computed and experimental values derived from literature is found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation and deactivation of periventricular white matter phagocytes during postnatal mouse development
Authors: Hristova Mariya , Cuthill Daniel , Zbarsky Virginia , Acosta‐Saltos Alejandro , Wallace Adam , Blight Ken , Buckley Suzanne M.K. , Peebles Donald , Heuer Heike , Waddington Simon N. , Raivich Gennadij 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBrain microglia are related to peripheral macrophages but undergo a highly specific process of regional maturation and differentiation inside the brain. Here, we examined this deactivation and morphological differentiation in cerebral cortex and periventricular subcortical white matter, the main “fountain of microglia” site, during postnatal mouse development, 0–28 days after birth (P0–P28). Only macrophages in subcortical white matter but not cortical microglia exhibited strong expression of typical activation markers alpha5, alpha6, alphaM, alphaX, and beta2 integrin subunits and B7.2 at any postnatal time point studied. White matter phagocyte activation was maximal at P0, decreased linearly over P3 and P7 and disappeared at P10. P7 white matter phagocytes also expressed high levels of IGF1 and MCSF, but not TNFalpha mRNA; this expression disappeared at P14. This process of deactivation followed the presence of ingested phagocytic material but correlated only moderately with ramification, and not with the extent of TUNEL+ death in neighboring cells, their ingestion or microglial proliferation. Intravenous fluosphere labeling revealed postnatal recruitment and transformation of circulating leukocytes into meningeal and perivascular macrophages as well as into ramified cortical microglia, but bypassing the white matter areas. In conclusion, this study describes strong and selective activation of postnatally resident phagocytes in the P0–P7 subcortical white matter, roughly equivalent to mid 3rd trimester human fetal development. This presence of highly active and IGF1‐ and MCSF‐expressing phagocytes in the neighborhood of vulnerable white matter could play an important role in the genesis of or protection against axonal damage in the fetus and premature neonate. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.