bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) and intensive care delirium screening checklist (ICDSC) for the diagnosis of delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies
Authors: Gusmao-Flores Dimitri , Salluh Jorge Ibrain Figueira , Chalhub Ricardo Ávila , Quarantini Lucas C 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium is a frequent form of acute brain dysfunction in critically ill patients, and several detection tools for it have been developed for use in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The objective of this study is to evaluate the current evidence on the accuracy of the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) for the diagnosis of delirium in critically ill patients.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted to identify articles on the evaluation of the CAM-ICU and the ICDSC in ICU patients. A MEDLINE, SciELO, CINAHL and EMBASE databases search was performed for articles published in the English language, involving adult populations and comparing these diagnostic tools with the gold standard, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. Results were summarized by meta-analysis. The QUADAS scale was used to assess the quality of the studies.

Results
Nine studies evaluating the CAM-ICU (including 969 patients) and four evaluating the ICDSC (n = 361 patients) were included in the final analysis. The pooled sensitivity of the CAM-ICU was 80.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 77.1 to 82.6%), and the pooled specificity was 95.9% (95% CI: 94.8 to 96.8%). The diagnostic odds ratio was 103.2 (95% CI: 39.6 to 268.8). The pooled area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.97. The pooled sensitivity of the ICDSC was 74% (95% CI: 65.3 to 81.5%), and the pooled specificity was 81.9% (95% CI: 76.7 to 86.4%). The diagnostic odds ratio was 21.5 (95% CI: 8.51 to 54.4). The AUC was 0.89.

Conclusions
The CAM-ICU is an excellent diagnostic tool in critically ill ICU patients, whereas the ICDSC has moderate sensitivity and good specificity. The available data suggest that both CAM-ICU and the ICDSC can be used as a screening tool for the diagnosis of delirium in critically ill patients.
RUNX1 Mutations Are Associated With Poor Outcome in Younger and Older Patients With Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia and With Distinct Gene and MicroRNA Expression Signatures
Authors: Mendler Jason H. , Maharry Kati , Radmacher Michael D. , Mrózek Krzysztof , Becker Heiko , Metzeler Klaus H. , Schwind Sebastian , Whitman Susan P. , Khalife Jihane , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Nicolet Deedra , Powell Bayard L. , Carter Thomas H. , Wetzler Meir , Moore Joseph O. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Baer Maria R. , Carroll Andrew J. , Larson Richard A. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Marcucci Guido , Bloomfield Clara D. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose To determine the association of RUNX1 mutations with therapeutic outcome in younger and older patients with primary cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) and with gene/microRNA expression signatures. Patients and Methods Younger (< 60 years; n = 175) and older (≥ 60 years; n = 225) patients with CN-AML treated with intensive cytarabine/anthracycline-based first-line therapy on Cancer and Leukemia Group B protocols were centrally analyzed for RUNX1 mutations by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing and for established prognostic gene mutations. Gene/microRNA expression profiles were derived using microarrays. Results RUNX1 mutations were found in 8% and 16% of younger and older patients, respectively (P = .02). They were associated with ASXL1 mutations (P < .001) and inversely associated with NPM1 (P < .001) and CEBPA (P = .06) mutations. RUNX1-mutated patients had lower complete remission rates (P = .005 in younger; P = .006 in older) and shorter disease-free survival (P = .058 in younger; P < .001 in older), overall survival (P = .003 in younger; P < .001 in older), and event-free survival (P < .001 for younger and older) than RUNX1 wild-type patients. Because RUNX1 mutations were more common in older patients and almost never coexisted with NPM1 mutations, RUNX1 mutation–associated expression signatures were derived in older, NPM1 wild-type patients and featured upregulation of genes normally expressed in primitive hematopoietic cells and B-cell progenitors, including DNTT, BAALC, BLNK, CD109, RBPMS, and FLT3, and downregulation of promoters of myelopoiesis, including CEBPA and miR-223. Conclusion RUNX1 mutations are twice as common in older than younger patients with CN-AML and negatively impact outcome in both age groups. RUNX1-mutated blasts have molecular features of primitive hematopoietic and lymphoid progenitors, potentially leading to novel therapeutic approaches.
The Making of King Peony in Korean Literature: A Reading of “Admonition for the Flower King”
Authors: Shin Jeongsoo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the problematic authorship of “Admonition for the Flower King” (“Hwawang kye” 花王戒) and to discuss its literary, political, and horticultural significance. The story of three flower characters is conventionally attributed to Sŏl Ch’ong 薛聰 (ca. 670–730), and subsequently, modern Korean scholarship has interpreted the story in association with the history of the Unified Silla Dynasty (676–935). My analysis, however, shows that it remains unknown when the story was first conjured up, nor do we know how it circulated up until the twelfth century. The story was likely to have first circulated as a folk legend, which was embellished and finally textualized by the historian Kim Pusik 金富賦 (1075–1151) in his Samguk sagi 三國史記. I emphasize the role of Kim who assured the subject of moral suasion, a core Confucian value, on his own taste; this might be one reason that the story is not included by the Buddhist monk Iryŏn 一然 (1206–89) in his Samguk yusa. I also would like to turn here to the Korean literary tradition of flower metaphors itself. It is easy to assume that these images and associations derive from Chinese literature, yet when one looks at the floral image, attributes, and uses of the three flowers in Sino-Korean literature in the context of ethnobotany, horticulture, and garden culture they turn out to be quite distinct from what is found in Chinese literature. The legend of Sŏl Ch’ong, thus, piques one’s interest as one of the earliest examples of this distinct Korean flower imagery.
Paradox of Diasporic Art from There: Antidote to Master Narrative of the Nation?
Authors: Son Hijoo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
There was the title of one of four projects exhibited at the fifth Kwangju Biennale held in South Korea in 2002. The name alludes to five of the oldest and largest overseas Korean communities: those in Brazil, China, Japan, Kazakhstan, and the United States. There curator, Yong Soon Min, chose twenty-four visual artists to represent the five locations, and their artwork showcased Korea’s diasporic cultural production formulated by the historical migratory routes that have influenced the artists’ lives and their art. There indicates a paradox of diasporic art. While some diasporic artists uphold the ideas of Korean national culture and belonging bound by homogeneity and blood ties, other artists directly challenge the meaning such narratives hold in their artistic expressions. As such, the show discussed multiple identity formations that resist dominant narratives, reflected differing experiences of class, gender, global, and national politics and indicated how the nation-state system is increasingly challenged by globalization. Yet, there are also artists who reinforce monocultural conceptions of national culture and cultural identity for diasporic subjects. In other words, diasporic art both undermines the master narrative of the nation at the same time as it reinforces them.
Unequal Partners, Contested Relations: Protestant Missionaries and Korean Christians, 1884–1907
Authors: Cha Paul S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Scholars of Christianity in Korea have conventionally emphasized the proactive manner in which Koreans adopted and adapted this religion. In this formulation, the impact of missionaries is downplayed. In contrast, this article argues that not only did missionaries play a critical role in transmitting Christianity to the peninsula, but that they were also engaged in a fundamentally unequal partnership with Korean Christians. Fueling this inequality was the missionaries’ fear that many who sought to enter the church did so for impure motives. Thus, giving Koreans full control of the church was potentially dangerous. This article details one important strategy, the Nevius Method, employed by many Protestant missionaries to systematically test and probe Koreans in order to identify who were sincere and reform those who may have had selfish aims. The Nevius Method classified converts into a hierarchical system of church membership. But, while missionaries occupied the top positions, room existed for Korean Christians to contest missionary power. Keeping this dynamic in mind allows for a reinterpretation of important events in the history of Christianity in Korea, such as the P’yŏngyang Great Revival of 1907.
Distance as Anti-Nostalgia: Memory, Identity, and Rural Korea in Yi Sang’s “Ennui”
Authors: Frankl John M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
In 1935 Yi Sang made an unexpected sojourn to the village of Sŏngch’ŏn in rural northern Korea. His brief stay there, sandwiched as it was between a life spent almost entirely in Seoul and an untimely death in Tokyo, left significant lingering impressions on the author and his work. Yi penned at least six essays dealing with various aspects of his experiences in the north. This leads many to lump the six together as his “Sŏngch’ŏn kihaeng” (Sŏngch’ŏn Travel Writings). As might be expected, the contents of the essays do share a certain degree of overlap, and thus allow some productive comparisons. In other crucial respects, however, they are quite different. Only two of them were written in Korean, marked by the author as having been completed, and published in the 1930s, and only one while Yi was still alive. The two essays written in Korean—“Lingering Impressions of a Mountain Village” and “Ennui”—display several salient points of divergence. The latter was written from Tokyo, and, rather than engendering nostalgia for what some would later presume to call “his native land,” Yi ’s distance affects a negative distortion of memory, an actual anti-nostalgia for rural Korea.
Total, Thus Broken: Chuch’e Sasang and North Korea’s Terrain of Subjectivity
Authors: Kim Cheehyung 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The history of North Korea’s chuch’e sasang is marked by its fixation as an object of construction by the state (early 1960s); the inclusion of the idea of human centrality and its expression as law (early 1970s); and its expansion into a discursive system as well as the emergence of its critique as the product and cause of North Korea’s situations (1970s to the present). The fundamental idea of chuch’e sasang is that the people possess the will to order the world around them. The easiness of the idea lies in its characteristic of totality, as an idea that emerges from real experience, articulated by the omnipresent leader, witnessed in the actual material transformation, and reproduced tautologically as the product and object of revolution. Its mass logic is entrenched in the immediate totality of the autonomous subject. The moment of totality, however, is also the moment of its destructuring. In the representations of totality of chuch’e sasang, a film and two paintings, the subject is ambiguous because any distinction of a disparate subject immediately disappears within the abstract boundary of the nation-state. Ideological hold in North Korea was always incomplete. The impossibility of totality, however, is also the grounds for the affirmation of a genuine subject that emerges from the domain of hegemony.
Discovery of Disputes: Collective Memories on Textbooks and Japanese–South Korean Relations
Authors: Kimura Kan 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Historical perceptions in Northeast Asian countries, especially South Korea and Japan, can be observed through analysis of school history textbooks and the disputes related to these publications. Looking at this issue through a long-term lens it becomes apparent that today’s perceptions are direct descendants of the perceptions that appeared during the 1980s. This article shows that it is impossible to explain the escalation of the disputes through solely viewing the changes in descriptions of history in Japanese textbooks, but that interaction between China, Japan, and South Korea has been involved. South Korean society overlooked the Japanese textbook issue before the 1982 dispute. Thus it seems that only when China and some members of the Japanese populace first questioned the history being written and published in Japan that South Korea began questioning the changes being made to Japanese textbooks.
Racial Disparity Trends in Children’s Dental Visits: US National Health Interview Survey, 1964–2010
Authors: Isong Inyang A. , Soobader Mah-J , Fisher-Owens Susan A. , Weintraub Jane A. , Gansky Stuart A. , Platt Larry J. , Newacheck Paul W. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Research that has repeatedly documented marked racial/ethnic disparities in US children’s receipt of dental care at single time points or brief periods has lacked a historical policy perspective, which provides insight into how these disparities have evolved over time. Our objective was to examine the im-pact of national health policies on African American and white children’s receipt of dental care from 1964 to 2010.

METHODS:
We analyzed data on race and dental care utilization for children aged 2 to 17 years from the 1964, 1976, 1989, 1999, and 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Dependent variables were as follows: child’s receipt of a dental visit in the previous 12 months and child’s history of never having had a dental visit. Primary independent variable was race (African American/white). We calculated sample prevalences, and χ2 tests compared African American/white prevalences by year. We age-standardized estimates to the 2000 US Census.

RESULTS:
The percentage of African American and white children in the United States without a dental visit in the previous 12 months declined significantly from 52.4% in 1964 to 21.7% in 2010, whereas the percentage of children who had never had a dental visit declined significantly (P &lt; .01) from 33.6% to 10.6%. Pronounced African American/white disparities in children’s dental utilization rates, whereas large and statistically significant in 1964, attenuated and became nonsignificant by 2010.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrate a dramatic narrowing of African American/white disparities in 2 measures of children’s receipt of dental services from 1964 to 2010. Yet, much more needs to be done before persistent racial disparities in children’s oral health status are eliminated.
Academic Achievement Varies With Gestational Age Among Children Born at Term
Authors: Noble Kimberly G. , Fifer William P. , Rauh Virginia A. , Nomura Yoko , Andrews Howard F. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to examine the degree to which children born within the “normal term” range of 37 to 41 weeks’ gestation vary in terms of school achievement.

METHODS:
This study analyzed data from 128 050 singleton births born between 37 and 41 weeks’ gestation in a large US city. Data were extracted from city birth records to assess a number of obstetric, social, and economic variables, at both the individual and community levels. Birth data were then matched with public school records of standardized city-wide third-grade reading and math tests. Specifically, we assessed (1) whether children born within the normal term range of 37 to 41 weeks’ gestation show differences in reading and/or math ability 8 years later as a function of gestational age, and (2) the degree to which a wide range of individual- and community-level social and biological factors mediate this effect.

RESULTS:
Analyses revealed that gestational age within the normal term range was significantly and positively related to reading and math scores in third grade, with achievement scores for children born at 37 and 38 weeks significantly lower than those for children born at 39, 40, or 41 weeks. This effect was independent of birth weight, as well as a number of other obstetric, social, and economic factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Earlier normal term birth may be a characteristic considered by researchers, clinicians, and parents to help identify children who may be at risk for poorer school performance.
Duration of Protection of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccination in Nicaragua
Authors: Patel Manish , Pedreira Cristina , De Oliveira Lucia Helena , Umaña Jazmina , Tate Jacqueline , Lopman Ben , Sanchez Edmundo , Reyes Martha , Mercado Juan , Gonzalez Alcides , Perez Maria Celina , Balmaceda Angel , Andrus Jon , Parashar Umesh 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the duration of protection of pentavaent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) against rotavirus hospitalizations in Nicaragua, a developing country in Central America.

METHODS:
We conducted a case-control study at 4 hospitals from 2007 through 2010, including 1016 children hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus diarrhea, 4930 controls with nonrotavirus diarrhea (ie, “test-negative”), and 5627 controls without diarrhea. All cases and controls were aged ≥6 months and born after August 2006. Outcomes included odds of antecedent vaccination between case-patients and controls, and effectiveness of vaccination (1 – adjusted odds ratio [OR] × 100). Duration of protection was assessed by comparing effectiveness among children aged &lt;1 year compared with ≥1 year.

RESULTS:
Indicators of socioeconomic conditions and nonrotavirus vaccination (oral polio vaccine and diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis/hepatitis A/hepatitis B) for test-negative controls were more comparable to the rotavirus case-patients than nondiarrhea controls. RV5 vaccination was associated with a significantly lower risk of rotavirus hospitalization by using test-negative controls (OR: 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.74) and nondiarrhea controls (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.22–0.40). Risk of rotavirus hospitalization was twofold lower among RV5 vaccinated children aged &lt;1 year (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.22–0.57) compared with RV5 vaccinated children aged ≥1 year (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.47–1.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
RV5 provided good protection against severe rotavirus disease in Nicaragua during the first year of life, when most severe and fatal rotavirus disease in developing countries occurs. However, the decline in protection with age warrants monitoring of disease among older children and consideration of a booster dose evaluation at the end of infancy.
Adherence to PALS Sepsis Guidelines and Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Paul Raina , Neuman Mark I. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Melendez Elliot 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Few studies have evaluated sepsis guideline adherence in a tertiary pediatric emergency department setting. We sought to evaluate (1) adherence to 2006 Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock (SS), (2) barriers to adherence, and (3) hospital length of stay (LOS) contingent on guideline adherence.

METHODS:
Prospective cohort study of children presenting to a large urban academic pediatric emergency department with SS. Adherence to 5 algorithmic time-specific goals was reviewed: early recognition of SS, obtaining vascular access, administering intravenous fluids, delivery of vasopressors for fluid refractory shock, and antibiotic administration. Adherence to each time-defined goal and adherence to all 5 components as a bundle were reviewed. A detailed electronic medical record analysis evaluated adherence barriers. The association between guideline adherence and hospital LOS was evaluated by using multivariate negative binomial regression.

RESULTS:
A total of 126 patients had severe sepsis (14%) or septic shock (86%). The median age was 9 years (interquartile range, 3–16). There was a 37% and 35% adherence rate to fluid and inotrope guidelines, respectively. Nineteen percent adhered to the 5-component bundle. Patients who received 60 mL/kg of intravenous fluids within 60 minutes had a 57% shorter hospital LOS (P = .039) than children who did not. Complete bundle adherence resulted in a 57% shorter hospital LOS (P = .009).

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall adherence to Pediatric Advanced Life Support sepsis guidelines was low; however, when patients were managed within the guideline’s recommendations, patients had significantly shorter duration of hospitalization.
The Role of Information Systems in Supporting Exploitative and Exploratory Management Control Activities
Authors: Schermann Michael , Wiesche Manuel , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
The goal of this research was to investigate the role of information systems (IS) in helping organizations to address the challenge of achieving a trade-off between exploitative and exploratory management control activities. The relationship between IS and management control activities is complex and stems from different theoretical backgrounds. We adopted a grounded theory approach to offer an integrative lens on this multi-faceted issue. Through the study of information systems for governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC IS) as a recent practice-driven initiative to establish the means for balancing exploitative and exploratory management control activities, we developed a grounded model of the relationship between IS and management control activities. Our model highlights the ways in which GRC IS serve as a catalyzer for establishing balanced management control systems that enable managers to simultaneously exploit and explore richer management control information.
Postchallenge Hyperglycemia Is Positively Associated With Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Bongaerts Brenda W.C. , Rathmann Wolfgang , Kowall Bernd , Herder Christian , Stöckl Doris , Meisinger Christa , Ziegler Dan 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) in an older population and to examine its relationship with prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Glucose tolerance status was determined in 61- to 82-year-old participants (n = 1,100) of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 Survey (2006–2008). Clinical DSPN was defined as bilaterally impaired foot-vibration perception and/or foot-pressure sensation.

RESULTS
Prevalence of clinical DSPN was similar in subjects with known diabetes (22.0%) and subjects with combined impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (23.9%). Among prediabetic subgroups, IFG-IGT, but not isolated-IFG and -IGT, was associated with a higher risk of clinical DSPN, compared with normal glucose tolerance. A J-shaped association was observed between clinical DSPN and quartiles of 2-h postchallenge glucose, but not with fasting glucose and HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Subjects with IFG-IGT and known diabetes had a similar prevalence of clinical DSPN. Elevated 2-h postload glucose levels appeared important for disease risk.