bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HILLTOP AGGREGATION SITES AND BEHAVIOR OF MALE CEPHENEMYIA TROMPE (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE)
Authors: Downes C.M. , Smith S.M. , Theberge J.B. , Dewar H.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour aggregation sites for male Cephenemyia trompe Modeer were studied in the Kluane Game Sanctuary, southwest Yukon. All sites were well-defined topographical peaks at considerable distances (usually greater than 1 km) from one another. Males rested on the rocks and vegetation and individuals made frequent flights to investigate passing insects, presumably in search of a female. Male flies were active at the sites on element days; activity was a function of both temperature and light intensity. Flies remained at a particular site at least throughout the day but did not defend individual territories.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 31 SPECIES OF AGRICULTURAL INSECT PESTS TO THE ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODESSTEINERNEMA FELTIAEANDHETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA
Authors: Morris O. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe susceptibility of 31 species of agricultural insect pests representing 7 families of Lepidoptera, 3 of Diptera, and 3 of Coleoptera to the entomogenous nematodesSteinernema feltiaeFilipjev andHeterorhabditis bacteriophoraPoinar, were investigated in the laboratory. Of the 27 species found susceptible toS. feltiae, 19 are reported for the first time. Of the 21 species killed byH. bacteriophora, 15 are reported for the first time. The Lepidoptera as a group were highly susceptible to the nematodes. On the basis of larval mortality caused by the nematodes, of nematode reproduction in insect cadavers, and of the known economic importance and life histories of the test insects,S. feltiaewas judged to warrant further research as a possible biological-control agent againstEuxoa ochrogaster(Guenée),E. auxiliaris(Grote),Agrotis orthogonia(Morr.),Actebia fennica(Tauscher),Mamestra configurataWalker,Delia radicum(L.),D. antiqua(Meig.), andZygogramma exclamationis(F.).
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUSEUXOA(LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE). XVIH. COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL TAXONOMY OF THE SIBLING SPECIESEUXOA RIDMGSIANA(GRT.) ANDEUXOA MAIMES(SM.)
Authors: Byers J.R. , Struble D.L. , Lafontaine J.D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe species previously recognized asEuxoa ridingsiana(Grt.) is shown to be composed of a sympatric pair of sibling species,Euxoa ridingsiana(Grt.) andEuxoa maimes(Sm.), which in the laboratory will produce viable F1hybrids but no F2. Results of F1sib and backcrosses show that the F1males are fertile and the F1females are infertile. In mating-bias tests conducted in laboratory cages, 74% of matings were conspecific and 26% interspecific. Differences in the diel periodicities of mating, which are about 2 h out of phase, may account for the mating bias. The duration of development ofE. ridingsianain the laboratory and its seasonal flight period in the field are about 2 weeks in advance of that ofE. maimes. However, there is considerable overlap of the flight periods and, with the tendency of females of both species to mate several times, it is unlikely that the difference in seasonal emergence is enough to effect reproductive isolation. It is evident that, under natural conditions, reproductive isolation can be maintained entirely by species-specific sex pheromones. This mechanism of reproductive isolation is, however, apparently ineffective when moths are confined in cages in the laboratory.Biogeographic considerations suggest that the differences in life-cycle timing and mating periodicities might have been adaptations to adjust development and reproduction to prevailing ancestral environments. If the initial differentiation of the 2 species occurred in isolation and included at least an incipient shift in the pheromonal mate-recognition system, it is possible that upon reestablishment of contact between ancestral populations the differences in life-cycle timing and mating periodicities acting in concert could have effected substantial, albeit incomplete, reproductive isolation. Subsequent selection to reinforce assortative mating to preserve coadapted gene complexes could then have resulted in differentiation of discrete pheromonal systems and attainment of species status.
EVALUATION OF TRAP COLOR AND HEIGHT PLACEMENT FOR MONITORING CIRCULIFER TENELLUS (BAKER) (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Meyerdirk D.E. , Oldfield G.N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), was found to be significantly attracted to the color yellow. Yellow, opaque plastic cards coated with a sticky substance were shown to be an effective survey tool for monitoring adult beet leafhopper. Traps with different hues of yellow (wavelengths of 510 and 588 nm) showed no significant differences between trap catches. The commonest flight strata at a host site was at ground level, where significantly higher numbers of adults were trapped than at heights of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.5, 2.1, and 2.7 m above the ground. The ground level is the optimum location for a yellow sticky trap when monitoring C. tenellus.
EFFECT OF HOST DISTRIBUTION ON PARASITOIDISM OF HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) PUPAE BY SPALANGIA SPP. AND MUSCIDIFURAX RAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE)
Authors: Propp Gary D. , Morgan Philip B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe solitary, pupal parasitoids Spalangia spp. Muscidifurax raptor oviposited supernumerary eggs on house-fly pupae exposed at 3 poultry farms in north central Florida. The percentage total parasitoidism at the 3 sites was 23.7%, 33.6%, and 77.5%, while the percentage of the hosts containing supernumerary parasitoids was 6.2%, 10.7%, and 55.8%, respectively. The average number of parasitoids found per parasitoidized pupa ranged from 1.45 to 2.96. The parasitoids did not show a density-dependent response to spatial variation in host density. Among aggregates of hosts that contained at least 1 parasitoid, percentage total parasitoidism either decreased as host density increased or was unrelated to host density. When total parasitoidism was low, females tended to avoid already parasitoidized hosts. When total parasitoidism was high, more of the hosts contained multiple parasitoids than a single parasitoid.
FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF NATIVE PUPAL PARASITES AND HYPERPARASITES OF OPEROPHTERA SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ON SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND
Authors: Humble L.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree native species of parasites and 3 hyperparasites were reared from pupae of the European winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), collected in the Victoria area of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in 1981. Two of the pupal parasites also attacked other species of Geometridae. Two species of hyperparasites attacked Cyzenis sp., and the third parasitized ichneumonid primary parasites of Operophtera spp. The hyperparasites may have a negative impact on the biological-control agents, Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) and Agrypon flaveolatum (Grav.). Total parasitism by pupal parasites of the Operophtera host complex was about 4%. Descriptions and illustrations of cephalic structures of final-instar larvae of the parasites and a key for their separation are given.
FOOD PREFERENCES, SURVIVAL, AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOUR STORED-PRODUCT PESTS (COLEOPTERA) ON RAPESEED AND CANOLA (BRASSICA SPP.)
Authors: Loschiavo S.R. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo assess whether canola seed is more susceptible to infestation than rapeseed, the food preferences, survival, and development of 4 major insect pests of stored products were tested in the laboratory on seeds of 10 cultivars of rapeseed and canola. Adults of the merchant grain beetle, Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), the sawtoothed grain beetle, O. surinamensis (L.), and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) preferred cereal diets on which they are normally reared to any of the rape or canola cultivars. The rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), preferred wheat kernels of 15% moisture content to these cultivars. Insects did not prefer any one of the rape and canola cultivars, and attempted to avoid them. Survival of the 4 species was higher and developmental time shorter on control diets than on the rape and canola cultivars. Oryzaephilus mercator produced only a few progeny on cv. Zephyr, and T. castaneum on cvs. Midas and Tower. No correlations were found between survival or development time and glucosinolate or erucic-acid content. Much higher survival of O. mercator occurred when tests were started with newly emerged larvae than with eggs. Survival was substantially lower on ground than on whole seeds. No evidence was found to indicate that canola seed is more susceptible to infestation than rapeseed.
THE LARVAL CEPHALIC SETAE IN THE TANYPODINAE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN GENERIC DETERMINATIONS
Authors: Kowalyk Henry E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae), 11 pairs of setae and 3 pairs of sensory pores are found on the larval head capsules. The structure and position of these cephalic setae and sensory pores exhibit strong generic differences but vary little between species within a genus. A generic key to the Tanypodinae utilizing these differences is presented for larvae of the following genera: Clinotanypus, Coelotanypus, Natarsia, Tanypus, Djalmabatista, Procladius, Psectrotanypus, Brundiniella, Macropelopia, Ablabesmyia, Guttipelopia, Hudsonimyia, Krenopelopia, Labrundinia, Larsia, Monopelopia, Nilotanypus, Paramerina, Pentaneura, Telopelopia, Thienemannimyia, Trissopelopia, and Zavrelimyia. The delineation of the frontoclypeal apotome can be used to distinguish fourth-instar from third- and earlier-instar larvae.
POST-HARVEST GRAIN TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE, AND INSECT INFESTATION IN STEEL GRANARIES IN MANITOBA
Authors: Loschiavo S. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPost-harvest grain temperature and moisture were consistently higher at the center than at the edge roof openings of steel granaries in Manitoba in 1982 and 1983. In 1982, temperatures at the center were significantly higher in infested than in uninfested granaries and declined only slowly during a 2-week period. Several kinds of insects were found in grain samples or in beetle-detection traps inserted into grain at the center location but none was found in grain or in traps at the edge. The heaviest infestations coincided with the temperatures and moistures at the center. In 1983, initial temperatures at the center and edge roof openings were high when the granaries were filled but declined rapidly, particularly at the edge, during the next 2 months. Between late August when the granaries were filled and early November, moisture content increased at the center and edge roof openings. It was significantly greater at the surface than at a depth of 20–130 cm. Insects were found in traps inserted 1 m into the grain at the center location. The results indicate that the most likely place to find insects in filled granaries is at the center near the surface and the most opportune time to begin checking the grain is 2 months after the granaries have been filled.
WINTER SURVIVAL AND OUTBREAKS OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON CANOLA
Authors: Lamb R.J. , Turnock W.J. , Hayhoe H.N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe winter survival of artificial and natural infestations of pupae of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, are assessed in relation to soil temperature and snow depth. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that winter mortality affects the spatial distribution and timing of outbreaks of this pest. Pupae did not survive a Manitoba winter in snow-free field plots, but 55% survived in plots with 5 or 10 cm of snow. Pupal survival in the plots was estimated accurately from daily soil temperatures using a computer simulation model, confirming that natural soil-temperature regimes can affect pupal survival. Based on the model, an equation was derived to relate pupal survival to the number of winter days with soil temperatures of −10°C or less. For natural populations in canola fields, the model, in conjunction with a model that estimated soil temperatures from standard meteorological data, could estimate the observed survivals. However, the estimates were sensitive to estimated snow cover and the measurements of snow cover in the fields were incomplete. There was a significant negative relationship between mortality and snow depth measured at the end of January up to about 20 cm. The sensitivity of soil temperature and therefore pupal survival to small changes in snow depth makes it difficult to predict pupal survival for large areas. Although the distribution of outbreaks of bertha armyworm coincided with the areas of the canola-growing region where winter soil temperatures were highest, the summers when outbreaks occurred were not preceded by winters with high soil temperatures, nor were summers without outbreaks associated with low soil temperatures during the preceding winters. Winter soil temperatures apparently affected the spatial distribution of outbreaks, but variation in pupal survival due to winter soil temperatures did not, by itself, initiate or terminate bertha-army worm outbreaks.
TOXICITY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI TO AQUATIC INSECTS
Authors: Eidt D.C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRepresentative aquatic insects, larvae of Simuliidae, Chironomidae, Trichoptera, Megaloptera, and nymphs of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, were tested for susceptibility to continuous exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki at 4.3, 43, and 430 IU/mL. Only Simulium vittatum was affected, and at the highest concentration. Effects on other organisms, particularly Prosimulium fuscum/mixtum, were suggested. The lowest of the concentrations tested was twice the worst-case transitory concentration peaks expected in water from aerial forest spraying at 30 BIU/ha. Spray buffer zones around water bodies are unnecessary at this spray rate.
PHARATE-ADULT DIAPAUSE OF BARBARA COLFAXIANA (KFT.): DIFFERENTIATION OF 1- AND 2-YEAR DORMANCY
Authors: Sahota T.S. , Ibaraki A. , Farris S.H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiscovery of diapause in Barbara colfaxiana (Kft.) in the pharate-adult stage of development has allowed establishment of morphological characteristics to distinguish 1-year-diapause individuals from 2-year-diapause individuals at an earlier stage than previously possible. These morphological and some histological criteria are described. On the basis of morphological characteristics alone, 1- and 2-year-diapause individuals can be readily and reliably recognized by the unaided eye. The practical significance as well as the potential contribution of these findings to further research are pointed out.
THE SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF HEMATOPHAGOUS DIPTERA ATTACKING CATTLE IN INSULAR NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: McCreadie John W. , Colbo Murray H. , Bennett Gordon F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA cattle-baited (C-B) trap and a Trueman–McIver (T-M) segregating CO2 trap provided information on seasonal abundance, host-seeking activity, and blood-feeding of biting-flies near St. John's, Newfoundland. A total of 19 682 biting-flies (26 species) were collected (C-B trap = 11 407; T-M trap = 8275) from 26 May to 16 September 1982. Black-flies (Simuliidae) comprised 94.1% of the total sample (C-B trap = 10 747; T-M trap = 7773). Mosquitoes (Culicidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), and tabanids (Tabanidae) comprised the remainder. Blood-fed flies represented 54.7% of the total catch in the C-B trap, but the proportion varied considerably among species. Black-fly activity was concentrated in June and July, though flies were also collected in May, August, and September. Prosimulium mixtum was the predominant species in June and Simulium venustum/verecundum complex was the major pest in July. Prosimulium mixtum was most active from mid-morning to late-afternoon, with little evening activity. Simulium venustum/verecundum complex showed 2 peaks of activity, one in the morning and another in the early evening. A few P. mixtum and S. venustum/verecundum complex were active after dark. Captures from the T-M and C-B traps were compared to test the reliability of the T-M trap as an indicator of activity of biting-flies attracted to cattle. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) between the number of flies collected in the 2 traps were found for P. mixtum and S. venustum/verecundum complex. Remaining species were taken in numbers too low for analysis.
Differentiation Stage-Specific Requirement in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α–Regulated Glycolytic Pathway during Murine B Cell Development in Bone Marrow
Authors: Kojima Hidefumi , Kobayashi Ayano , Sakurai Daisuke , Kanno Yumiko , Hase Hidenori , Takahashi Riichi , Totsuka Yoshikazu , Semenza Gregg L. , Sitkovsky Michail V. , Kobata Tetsuji 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a central role in oxygen homeostasis and energy supply by glycolysis in many cell types. We previously reported that an HIF-1α gene deficiency caused abnormal B cell development and autoimmunity. In this study we show that HIF-1α–enabled glycolysis during B cell development is required in a developmental stage-specific manner. Supporting this conclusion are observations that the glycolytic pathway in HIF-1α–deficient B220+ bone marrow cells is much less functionally effective than in wild-type control cells. The expression of genes encoding the glucose transporters and the key glycolytic enzyme, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bishosphatase 3, was greatly reduced in HIF-1α–deficient cells. The compensatory adaptation to the defect of glycolysis was reflected in higher levels of expression of respiratory chain-related genes and TCA cycle-related genes in HIF-1α–deficient cells than in wild-type cells. In agreement with these findings, HIF-1α–deficient cells used pyruvate more efficiently than wild-type cells. The key role of HIF-1α–enabled glycolysis in bone marrow B cells was also demonstrated by glucose deprivation during in vitro bone marrow cell culture and by using a glycolysis inhibitor in the bone marrow cell culture. Taken together, these findings indicate that glucose dependency differs at different B cell developmental stages and that HIF-1α plays an important role in B cell development.
Aldosterone Promotes Autoimmune Damage by Enhancing Th17-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Herrada Andrés A. , Contreras Francisco J. , Marini Natacha P. , Amador Cristian A. , González Pablo A. , Cortés Claudia M. , Riedel Claudia A. , Carvajal Cristián A. , Figueroa Fernando , Michea Luis F. , Fardella Carlos E. , Kalergis Alexis M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Excessive production of aldosterone leads to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease by generating an inflammatory state that can be promoted by T cell immunity. Because nature and intensity of T cell responses is controlled by dendritic cells (DCs), it is important to evaluate whether the function of these cells can be modulated by aldosterone. In this study we show that aldosterone augmented the activation of CD8+ T cells in a DC-dependent fashion. Consistently, the mineralocorticoid receptor was expressed by DCs, which showed activation of MAPK pathway and secreted IL-6 and TGF-β in response to aldosterone. In addition, DCs stimulated with aldosterone impose a Th17 phenotype to CD4+ T cells, which have recently been associated with the promotion of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, we observed that aldosterone enhances the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an autoimmune disease promoted by Th17 cells. In addition, blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor prevented all aldosterone effects on DCs and attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development in aldosterone-treated mice. Our data suggest that modulation of DC function by aldosterone enhances CD8+ T cell activation and promotes Th17-polarized immune responses, which might contribute to the inflammatory damage leading to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Absence of Tapasin Alters Immunodominance against a Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Polytope
Authors: Boulanger Denise S. M. , Oliveira Roberta , Ayers Lisa , Prior Stephen H. , James Edward , Williams Anthony P. , Elliott Tim 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Tapasin edits the peptide repertoire presented to CD8+ T cells by favoring loading of slow off-rate peptides on MHC I molecules. To investigate the role of tapasin on T cell immunodominance we used poxvirus viral vectors expressing a polytope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitopes with different off-rates. In tapasin-deficient mice, responses to subdominant fast off-rate peptides were clearly favored. This alteration of the CD8+ T cell hierarchy was a consequence of tapasin editing and not a consequence of the alteration of the T cell repertoire in tapasin-deficient mice, because bone marrow chimeric mice (wild-type recipients reconstituted with tapasin knockout bone marrow) showed the same hierarchy as the tapasin knockout mice. Tapasin editing is therefore a contributing factor to the phenomenon of immunodominance. Although tapasin knockout cells have low MHC I surface expression, Ag presentation was efficient and resulted in strong T cell responses involving T cells with increased functional avidity. Therefore, in this model, tapasin-deficient mice do not have a reduced but rather have an altered immune response.
Sulforaphane Suppresses Oligomerization of TLR4 in a Thiol-Dependent Manner
Authors: Youn Hyung Sun , Kim Yoon Sun , Park Zee Yong , Kim So Young , Choi Na Young , Joung Sun Myung , Seo Jung A. , Lim Kyung-Min , Kwak Mi-Kyoung , Hwang Daniel H. , Lee Joo Young 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTLRs are pattern recognition receptors that detect invading microorganisms and nonmicrobial endogenous molecules to trigger immune and inflammatory responses during host defense and tissue repair. TLR activity is closely linked to the risk of many inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. Therefore, TLR signaling pathways can provide efficient therapeutic targets for chronic diseases. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, has been well known for its anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the modulation of TLR activity by SFN and the underlying mechanism. SFN suppressed ligand-induced and ligand-independent TLR4 activation because it prevented IL-1R–associated kinase-1 degradation, activation of NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by LPS or overexpression of TLR4. Receptor oligomerization, which is one of the initial and critical events of TLR4 activation, was suppressed by SFN, resulting in the downregulation of NF-κB activation. SFN formed adducts with cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of TLR4 as confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and the inhibitory effects of SFN on oligomerization and NF-κB activation were reversed by thiol donors (DTT and N-acetyl-l-cysteine). These suggest that the reactivity of SFN to sulfhydryl moiety contributes to its inhibitory activities. Blockade of TLR4 signaling by SFN resulted in the reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and the decreased dermal inflammation and edema in vivo in experimental inflammatory animal models. Collectively, our results demonstrated that SFN downregulated TLR4 signaling through the suppression of oligomerization process in a thiol-dependent manner. These present a novel mechanism for beneficial effects of SFN and a novel anti-inflammatory target in TLR4 signaling.