bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Quantity Effects on Anthracnose Disease of Annual Bluegrass
Authors: Roberts Joseph A. , Inguagiato John C. , Clarke Bruce B. , Murphy James A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIrrigation can influence both turf vigor and playability of putting greens. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) has become an increasingly destructive disease of annual bluegrass (ABG) [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama] putting greens, particularly when turf is under stress. This 3‐yr field study evaluated the effects of irrigation quantity (100, 80, 60, and 40% of reference evapotranspiration [ETo]) on anthracnose severity of ABG mowed daily to 3.2 mm. Severe drought stress (40% ETo) increased anthracnose severity in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Anthracnose was less severe under 60% ETo irrigation, and irrigating at 80% ETo reduced severity compared to 60% ETo Irrigating at 100% ETo initially reduced anthracnose severity compared to 40% ETo; however, 100% ETo resulted in similar disease severity later in the 2006 and 2008 seasons. While this response was not observed late in the 2007 season, plots maintained at 100% ETo had turf quality similar to plots irrigated at 40% ETo later in each year due in part to increased algal development. Irrigation to replace 80% ETo typically resulted in the least amount of disease and the best turf quality throughout the trial. Thus, irrigation to minimize drought stress while also avoiding continuous high soil water content is beneficial in reducing anthracnose and maintaining acceptable turf performance.
Population Structure and Diversity in Valencia Peanut Germplasm Collection
Authors: Kottapalli Pratibha , Upadhyaya Hari D. , Kottapalli Kameswara Rao , Payton Paxton , Dwivedi Sangam , Burow Mark , David Kalule Okello , Sanogo Soum , Puppala Naveen 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTValencia peanuts [Arachis hypogaeaL. subsp.fastigiataWaldron var.fastigiata(Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg.] are well known for their in‐shell market value. Assessment of genetic diversity is key to the success of developing improved cultivars with desirable agronomic and quality traits. Seventy‐eight U.S. Valencia core collection accessions together with 36 Valencia accessions representing the global peanut mini‐core collection were used to study population structure and diversity and to identify genetically diverse Valencia germplasm for use in peanut breeding. Fifty‐two simple sequence repeats loci amplified 683 alleles, with an average of 13 alleles per locus. The mean polymorphism information content and gene diversity, respectively, were 0.270 and 0.335. The pairwise genetic distance ranged from 0.143 to 0.474, with an average of 0.631. Neighbor‐joining clustering, principal coordinate analysis, and STRUCTURE analysis consistently separated the Valencia germplasm into five clusters with two distinct major groups. The first major group consisted of genotypes from South America (64%) with few accessions from Africa, North America, Caribbean, and European regions. The second group consisted of accessions mostly from diverse regions of Africa, North and South America, Asia, and the Caribbean. However, the structuring was not related to the geographic origin and several admixtures were observed. The information generated in this study and phenotyping of this material for biotic and abiotic stress responses and yield‐quality traits will facilitate selection of trait‐specific, genetically diverse parents for developing Valencia peanut cultivars with a broad genetic base.
Herbage Nitrogen, Fiber, and In Vitro Disappearance of Three Great Plains Grasses during Establishment
Authors: Lee A. E. , Muir J. P. , Lambert B. D. , Reilley J. L. , Whitney T. R. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTNative warm‐season grasses have the potential to provide summer grazing because of their adaptation and persistence. Little nutritive value information is available, however, on the effects of maturity and soil amendments for native North American warm‐season grasses during establishment. Multiflower false rhodesgrass (Chloris pluriflora E. Fourn.), pink pappusgrass (Pappophorum bicolor E. Fourn.), and plains bristlegrass [Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.] were harvested monthly during the first 2 yr after establishment on a Windthorst sandy loam soil and fertilized with 0 or 67 kg N and P ha−1 yr−1 Spring application of fertilizer resulted in early season herbage N concentrations 58 to 79% greater (p ≤ 0.10) than unfertilized herbage and maintained N concentrations (p ≤ 0.10) above the 11.2 g kg−1 considered minimum for cattle maintenance through September for most entries. Multiflower false rhodesgrass had the least (p ≤ 0.10) fiber and greatest N and in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD). During Year 1 and early in Year 2, IVOMD was sometimes greater (p ≤ 0.10) when goat rumen liquid was used compared to steer liquid. This relationship was nullified or even reversed as plants matured in Year 2, indicating that donor species of rumen liquid should be considered when interpreting IVOMD results for native warm‐season grasses.
Competitive Ability of Tall Fescue against Alfalfa as a Function of Summer Dormancy, Endophyte Infection, and Soil Moisture Availability
Authors: Malinowski D. P. , Butler T. J. , Belesky D. P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTManagement practices of summer‐dormant cool‐season grasses, including compatible legume species, are not well understood. In a greenhouse experiment, competitive ability of two summer‐dormant (Flecha and TX06V) and a summer‐active (PDF) tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort = Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] was evaluated in associations with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cv. Bulldog 505. Fescue cultivars were either infected with Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones & Gams.) Glenn, Bacon, & Hanlin comb. nov. fungal endophyte or noninfected. Monocultures and binary mixtures were exposed to a gradually imposed soil moisture deficit stress (30% soil water capacity [SWC]) from June through August or maintained at 90% SWC (control). Indices of competitive interactions (relative yield [RY], relative yield total [RYT], and aggressivity [AGR]) were calculated. The RY of summer‐dormant tall fescue was less, whereas RY of summer‐active tall fescue was similar to that of alfalfa. The RYT values for alfalfa–tall fescue mixtures were not different from 1 under nonlimited soil moisture, but alfalfa–Flecha mixture had RYT <1 under soil moisture deficit. The AGR of summer‐dormant tall fescue was lower, but AGR of summer‐active tall fescue was similar to that of alfalfa. Results suggest that summer‐active tall fescue effectively competes with alfalfa, but summer‐dormant tall fescue cultivars have lower competitive ability than alfalfa. In addition, endophyte infection increased competitive ability of TX06V and PDF but not of Flecha.
Resistance to Tan Spot and Insensitivity to Ptr ToxA in Wheat
Authors: Noriel Angelo Jay , Sun Xiaochun , Bockus Willium , Bai Guihua 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTTan spot, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis, is an important foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is an effective approach to reduce the losses caused by the disease. To identify resistance genes in common wheat, 380 wheat accessions from different geographical origins were evaluated for resistance to P. tritici‐repentis race 1, the predominant race in the Great Plains of the United States and western Canada, and insensitivity to Ptr ToxA, a host‐selective toxin produced by race 1. Most accessions tested (60%) were resistant and only 93 accessions (24%) were as susceptible as TAM 105, the susceptible control. Among 379 accessions, 230 were insensitive to Ptr ToxA, but only 158 of them showed resistance to race 1. A weak correlation between tan spot score and sensitivity to Ptr ToxA suggests that pathogenicity factors other than Ptr ToxA (like Ptr ToxC) also contributed to tan spot development in these accessions. The accessions with resistance to tan spot identified in this study should be useful sources for developing new tan spot resistant cultivars.
Impact of the MON89788 Event for Glyphosate Tolerance on Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean
Authors: De Vries Brian D. , Fehr Walter R. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTGlyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a popular herbicide for weed control in fields planted to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with a transgene that provides tolerance to the chemical. A transgenic event MON89788, known commercially as Roundup Ready 2 Yield (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO), was developed by the Monsanto Co. as an alternative to the event 40–3–2 for glyphosate tolerance in soybean. The objective of our study was to compare the agronomic and seed traits of glyphosate‐tolerant (GT) lines and glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) lines from populations segregating for MON89788. The transgene was backcrossed into three GS cultivars to develop BC2 populations. There were 27 GT and 27 GS BC2F2–derived lines from each backcross population evaluated at four Iowa environments in 2010. The means of the GT lines were not significantly different from the GS lines in any of the populations for seed yield, lodging score, and palmitate, oleate, and linoleate concentrations. The maximum significant difference between the means of the two types was 0.4 d for maturity date, 2 cm for plant height, 5 mg sd−1 for seed weight, and 2 g kg−1 for protein, 1 g kg−1 for oil, 1 g kg−1 for stearate, and 0.2 g kg−1 for linolenate concentrations. The significant differences among lines within each type and the overlap in their distributions for all of the traits indicated that it would be possible to select GT or GS lines with comparable performance from populations developed by crossing a GS parent to a GT parent with the MON89788 event.
Oral health–related quality of life in Dutch children with cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Bos Annemieke , Prahl Charlotte 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the oral health–related quality of life (OH-RQoL) of Dutch cleft lip and palate patients. It was hypothesized that (1) there is no difference between cleft patients' and their parents' reports of patients' OH-RQoL; (2) there are no gender differences; (3) there are no differences in OH-RQoL between cleft patients with regard to their symptoms; and (4) there is no difference between patients above and below 12 years of age.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of 122 patients with clefts (age range, 8–15 years) and their parents. Respondents were recruited from the cleft palate team of Amsterdam. They completed the Child Oral Health–Related Quality of Life questionnaire (COHIP). Items were divided into five different subscales, and scores on all subscales were compared between and within groups.

Results:
Patients' and parents' perceptions differed significantly on three of the five subscales. Girls and boys did not differ significantly with regard to their perception of reported OH-RQoL. The cleft lip and cleft lip and alveolus [CL(A)] subgroup scored significantly higher on the functional well-being subscale. The cleft patients aged 12 years and older scored significantly lower on the emotional well-being and oral symptoms subscales when compared with their younger peers.

Conclusions:
Only the second hypothesis was not rejected in this study. This means that parents are not interchangeable with regard to reporting on their children's perceptions related to OH-RQoL, that OH-RQoL changes with age, and that it is important that subgroups are respected when investigating OH-RQoL in cleft patients.
Trunk Versus Extremity Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in White and African American Adults
Authors: Hu Gang , Bouchard Claude , Bray George A. , Greenway Frank L. , Johnson William D. , Newton Robert L. , Ravussin Eric , Ryan Donna H. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine contributions of trunk and extremity adiposity to cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) among white and African American adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 1,129 white women, 779 African American women, 1,012 white men, and 300 African American men.

RESULTS
Higher trunk adiposity was significantly associated with an increased risk of having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors among African American and white men and women. After adjustment for trunk and arm adiposity, higher leg adiposity was significantly associated with a decreased risk of having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors among white men and women and African American women.

CONCLUSIONS
In contrast with adverse risk with high trunk adiposity, high leg adiposity is associated with a decreased risk of having two or more cardiometabolic risk factors in both African American and white adults.
Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Korea
Authors: Lim Soo , Shin Hayley , Song Jung Han , Kwak Soo Heon , Kang Seon Mee , Won Yoon Ji , Choi Sung Hee , Cho Sung Il , Park Kyong Soo , Lee Hong Kyu , Jang Hak Chul , Koh Kwang Kon 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
The number of people with metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide, and changes in socioenvironmental factors contribute to this increase. Therefore, investigation of changes in metabolic syndrome and its components in South Korea, where rapid socioenvironmental changes have occurred in recent years, would be foundational in setting up an effective strategy for reducing this increasing trend.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We compared the prevalence and pattern of metabolic syndrome among participants in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007. In each survey, stratified, multistage, probability–sampling designs and weighting adjustments were conducted to represent the entire Korean population. The revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria were used as the definition of metabolic syndrome. All biochemical parameters were measured in a central laboratory.

RESULTS
A total of 6,907 (mean ± SE age 45.0 ± 0.2 years), 4,536 (45.5 ± 0.2), 5,373 (47.1 ± 0.2), and 2,890 (49.9 ± 0.3) Koreans over 20 years of age have participated in the studies in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 24.9% in 1998, 29.2% in 2001, and 30.4% in 2005 to 31.3% in 2007. Among the five components, the level of low HDL cholesterol increased the most, by 13.8% over the 10 years. Abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia followed, with 8.7 and 4.9% increases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Because dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity were major factors in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Koreans for the past 10 years, lifestyle interventions should be conducted at the national level to reduce the burden and consequences of metabolic syndrome.
Association Between Diagnosed Diabetes and Self-Reported Cancer Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Balluz Lina S. , Ford Earl S. , Okoro Catherine A. , Tsai James , Zhao Guixiang 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between diagnosed diabetes and self-reported cancer among U.S. adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed data for 397,783 adults who participated in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and had valid data on diabetes and cancer.

RESULTS
After adjustment for potential confounders, diabetic men had higher adjusted prevalence ratios for cancers of the prostate (1.1 [95% CI 1.0–1.3]), colon (1.3 [1.0–1.7]), pancreas (4.6 [1.8–11.7]), rectum (2.2 [1.0–4.7]), urinary bladder (1.7 [1.2–2.2]), and kidney (1.9 [1.2–3.0]) than nondiabetic men (all P &lt; 0.05). Diabetic women had higher adjusted prevalence ratios for cancers of the breast (1.1 [1.0–1.3]) and endometrium (1.6 [1.2–2.0]), and leukemia (2.3 [1.3–4.2]) than nondiabetic women (all P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that diabetic adults have higher prevalences of certain cancers than nondiabetic adults.
Variable-rate colour image quantization based on quadtree segmentation
Authors: Hu Y. , Li C. , Chuang J. , Lo C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA novel variable-sized block encoding with threshold control for colour image quantization (CIQ) is presented in this paper. In CIQ, the colour palette used has a great influence on the reconstructed image quality. Typically, a higher image quality and a larger storage cost are obtained when a larger-sized palette is used in CIQ. To cut down the storage cost while preserving quality of the reconstructed images, the threshold control policy for quadtree segmentation is used in this paper. Experimental results show that the proposed method adaptively provides desired bit rates while having better image qualities comparing to CIQ with the usage of multiple palettes of different sizes.
The response of Aster amellus (Asteraceae) to mycorrhiza depends on the origins of both the soil and the fungi
Authors: Pánková Hana , Münzbergová Zuzana , Rydlová Jana , Vosátka Miroslav 
Published: April 2011

• Premise of study: Previous studies testing pairwise interactions between plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil have shown that the effectiveness of such interactions depends on the origins of the plants, soil, and AMF. Surprisingly, no study has yet looked at the three‐way interaction between plants, soil, and AMF originating from the same and from different sites. Such knowledge could elucidate the determinants of local adaptations of plants and thus might help in various revegetation attempts.• Methods: Six populations of the obligately mycorrhizal plant species Aster amellus from two isolated regions were combined with the soil and the AMF ecotype from their sites and plant growth were monitored over 16 months.• Key results: For each combination of soil and native AMF, plants grown with their native AMF in their native soil had higher aboveground biomass, invested more to aboveground biomass and had higher numbers of flower heads than the other plants. The specificity of the relationship among plant populations, AMF, and soil was also observed for percentage of root colonization.• Conclusions: The study extends our knowledge of the specific interaction between plants and AMF by demonstrating that the positive effect of native AMF occurs only when the plants are also grown in their native soil. Thus, when attempting to facilitate plant growth, we need to consider the origin of the plants, the soil, and the AMF, because all three components are adapted to each other.
Endosymbiosis and population differentiation in wild and cultivated Lolium perenne (Poaceae)
Authors: Cheplick Gregory P. 
Published: April 2011

• Premise of the study: Endophytic fungi are common inhabitants of cool‐season grasses that can affect host growth and reproduction. One prerequisite for the expected coevolution between symbionts is that there exist variable effects of the endosymbiont on its host in different environments. Here, the impact of endophytes (Neotyphodium lolii) on survival, growth, and reproduction of wild populations of Lolium perenne from its native range (Italy, Morocco, Turkey, Tunisia) and two United States cultivars was explored.• Methods: Two unmanaged, common gardens 30 m apart in New Jersey, USA, were planted with endophyte‐infected and uninfected plants of the six populations in August 2008. Plants were scored for tiller number and lengths, and survival in October and December 2008 and May and September 2009; flowering tillers (spikes) were counted in spring 2009. A greenhouse experiment was designed to assess tiller production and growth of four populations.• Key results: There were significant effects of population and garden on tiller number and lengths but no detectable effects of endophytes. Populations from Italy and Morocco and the two US cultivars grew well in one garden, but Tunisian plants grew the least in either garden. Overwinter survival and postflowering survival were unaffected by endophytes. Spike production was strongly influenced by population. Although populations varied, there were no differences in growth between infected and uninfected plants in the greenhouse.• Conclusions: Due to the absence of unambiguous endophyte‐mediated effects on growth and reproduction of these differentiated populations, putative coevolutionary relations between the endosymbiont and its native host species remain obscure in this grass–endophyte system.
Sorting of droplets by migration on structured surfaces
Authors: Konrad Wilfried , Roth-Nebelsick Anita 
Published: April 2011

Background: Controlled transport of microdroplets is a topic of interest for various applications. It is well known that liquid droplets move towards areas of minimum contact angle if placed on a flat solid surface exhibiting a gradient of contact angle. This effect can be utilised for droplet manipulation. In this contribution we describe how controlled droplet movement can be achieved by a surface pattern consisting of cones and funnels whose length scales are comparable to the droplet diameter.Results: The surface energy of a droplet attached to a cone in a symmetry-preserving way can be smaller than the surface energy of a freely floating droplet. If the value of the contact angle is fixed and lies within a certain interval, then droplets sitting initially on a cone can gain energy by moving to adjacent cones.Conclusion: Surfaces covered with cone-shaped protrusions or cavities may be devised for constructing “band-conveyors” for droplets. In our approach, it is essentially the surface structure which is varied, not the contact angle. It may be speculated that suitably patterned surfaces are also utilised in biological surfaces where a large variety of ornamentations and surface structuring are often observed.
Histoires de famille
Authors: Rey Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2011

Le Comte de Monte-Cristo d’Alexandre Dumas et Les Buddenbrook de Thomas Mann ont en commun d’aborder les problèmes relatifs au crédit dans l’optique d’une simple histoire de famille. Dans les deux cas, une part essentielle de l’intrigue est le mouvement d’une chute qui a pour raison d’être la duplicité d’un individu à l’endroit du cercle de famille, la chose étant longtemps dissimulée. La réussite sociale et financière d’un personnage se double d’une défaillance spectaculaire. La famille apparaît ici comme un condensé de la société entière ; et le mouvement de déclin affecte aussi bien les valeurs financières que les valeurs morales. Les avatars de l’argent sont multiples, imprévisibles, ce qu’on sait depuis la Banqueroute de Law en 1720. L’analyse proposée par les romans est à chaque fois d’une grande précision, à la hauteur de ce que disent les traités d’économie du moment, le jeune Marx par exemple. On y trouve notamment une réflexion importante sur la nécessité de la garantie dans la perspective du crédit, et sur sa fragilité constitutive, sa quasi-impossibilité. On formule à la fin l’hypothèse suivante : les romans dans lesquels le crédit intervient sous un angle familial, ou simplement intime, s’accompagnent, sur un mode direct ou non, d’une théorie du roman, le plus souvent esquissée. L’exemple par excellence étant The Confidence-Man de Melville. L’espace du roman est sans aucun doute celui qui est le plus accueillant pour comprendre cette chose nouvelle au XIX e siècle que sont les principales opérations du crédit.