bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytological diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with a unique pattern of D2‐40 immunoexpression
Authors: Emechebe Dokpe Y. , Dodd Leslie , Villalobos Alexander , Zhu Lee‐Ching 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFine needle aspiration procedure is routinely used for cytological diagnosis of nodal or extra nodal lesions. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm arising from follicular dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles at nodal and extranodal sites. Multimodal therapies have emerged for FDCS, necessitating its accurate pathologic diagnosis with additional ancillary testing for directing clinical management. By immunohistochemical analysis, FDCS is positive for the complement receptors CD21, CD23, and CD35. In addition, D2‐40 is reported to be highly sensitive for FDCS with a strong membranous pattern of expression. In this study, we present the cytological diagnosis of a case of FDCS in retroperitoneal lymph nodes with an emphasis on a unique staining pattern of D2‐40 which showed a strong nuclear pattern in tumor cells comparable to the membranous pattern of D2‐40 on the control tissue and other surgical cases of FDCS in our comparative study.
Sedimentology and palaeoenvironmental analysis of a karstic shallow carbonate lake (Early‐Middle Miocene, Sinj Basin, Croatia)
Authors: Vranjković Alan , Gierlowski‐Kordesch Elizabeth , de Leeuw Arjan , Mandic Oleg , Aljinović Dunja , Dragičević Ivan , Harzhauser Mathias , Kuiper Klaudia , Brčić Vlatko , Pavelić Davor 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the Early to Middle Miocene, the post‐orogenic intramontane lacustrine Sinj Basin that belonged to the Dinarides Lake System evolved in the area of the External Dinarides. A composite 770 m thick stratigraphic column was measured spanning the basin's stratigraphy. Eight facies were differentiated. Four facies are almost entirely composed of freshwater carbonate deposits. Carbonate facies are divided into calcareous mudstone, charophytic micritic limestone, calcisiltite and coquina facies. They are interpreted to belong to a prograding carbonate bench on a gently inclined lake margin. In addition, tuff/clays, carbonate conglomerate, carbonate breccia and coal were differentiated. The tuff/clays are the result of remote volcanic eruptions, while the coarse‐grained sediments belong to subaqueous shallow stream channels or were deposited by gravity flows. The coal at the top of the measured succession, mostly of allochthonous origin, was deposited as a fen forest peat, representing the final stage of the lake. The formation of the Sinj Basin might have been triggered by dissolution of Permo‐Triassic evaporites, within the mostly carbonate basement but also by breakdown and collapse of Mesozoic and Palaeogene carbonate rocks and coalescence of contiguous sinkholes. The non‐tectonic interpretation of the basin genesis is a novel hypothesis explaining the origin of one of the Dinarides intramontane basins and is in contrast to previous considerations that evolution of the Sinj Basin was controlled by strike‐slip or extensional tectonics.
Response of stomatal density and size in Betula ermanii to contrasting climate conditions: The contributions of genetic and environmental factors
Authors: Cai Yihan , Aihara Takaki , Araki Kyoko , Sarmah Ragini , Tsumura Yoshihiko , Hirota Mitsuru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs plant distribution and performance are determined by both environmental and genetic factors, clarifying the contribution of these two factors is a key for understanding plant adaptation and predicting their distribution under ongoing global warming. Betula ermanii is an ideal species for such research because of its wide distribution across diverse environments. Stomatal density and size are crucial traits that plants undergo changes in to adapt to different environments as these traits directly influence plant photosynthesis and transpiration. In this study, we conducted a multi‐location common garden experiment using B. ermanii to (1) clarify the contribution of both environmental and genetic factors to the variation in stomatal density and size of B. ermanii, (2) demonstrate the differences in the plasticity of stomatal density and size among B. ermanii populations, and (3) understand how stomatal density and size of B. ermanii would respond to increased temperature and changing precipitation patterns. Genetic factors played a more significant role in stomatal size than environmental factors, suggesting that B. ermanii struggles to adjust its stomatal size in response to a changing environment. Our results also revealed a positive correlation between stomatal size plasticity and original habitat suitability, indicating that in B. ermanii populations in harsh environments exhibit lower adaptability to environmental shifts. Although stomatal density and size of B. ermanii showed the significant responses to increased temperature and shifting precipitation patterns, the response ranges of stomatal density and size to the environmental factors varied among populations. Our findings highlighted the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in determining the intraspecific variation in stomatal density and size in B. ermanii. This indicated that certain populations of B. ermanii exhibit limited stomatal plasticity and adaptability, which could directly affect photosynthesis and transpiration, suggesting potential population‐specific fitness implications for B. ermanii under future climate change.
The spatial distribution of tree–tree interaction effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration
Authors: Christel Henriette , Bruelheide Helge , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Hähn Georg J. A. , Beugnon Rémy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe capacity of forests to sequester carbon in both above‐ and belowground compartments is a crucial tool to mitigate rising atmospheric carbon concentrations. Belowground carbon storage in forests is strongly linked to soil microbial communities that are the key drivers of soil heterotrophic respiration, organic matter decomposition and thus nutrient cycling. However, the relationships between tree diversity and soil microbial properties such as biomass and respiration remain unclear with inconsistent findings among studies. It is unknown so far how the spatial configuration and soil depth affect the relationship between tree richness and microbial properties. Here, we studied the spatial distribution of soil microbial properties in the context of a tree diversity experiment by measuring soil microbial biomass and respiration in subtropical forests (BEF‐China experiment). We sampled soil cores at two depths at five locations along a spatial transect between the trees in mono‐ and hetero‐specific tree pairs of the native deciduous species Liquidambar formosana and Sapindus saponaria. Our analyses showed decreasing soil microbial biomass and respiration with increasing soil depth and distance from the tree in mono‐specific tree pairs. We calculated belowground overyielding of soil microbial biomass and respiration – which is higher microbial biomass or respiration than expected from the monocultures – and analysed the distribution patterns along the transect. We found no general overyielding across all sampling positions and depths. Yet, we encountered a spatial pattern of microbial overyielding with a significant microbial overyielding close to L. formosana trees and microbial underyielding close to S. saponaria trees. We found similar spatial patterns across microbial properties and depths that only differed in the strength of their effects. Our results highlight the importance of small‐scale variations of tree–tree interaction effects on soil microbial communities and functions and are calling for better integration of within‐plot variability to understand biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships.
Systematic evaluation of the influence of Taq enzyme choice and amplification conditions on targeted environmental DNA assay performance and detection in field samples
Authors: Acharya‐Patel Neha , Groenwold Emma T. , Allison Michael J. , Helbing Caren C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTargeted environmental DNA (eDNA) studies mainly rely on quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to amplify extremely low concentrations of DNA present in environmental samples. Understanding factors that influence targeted eDNA assay performance and detection in field samples, such as Taq DNA polymerase enzyme type and thermocycle protocol, is critical for the interpretation of qPCR results. We completed a systematic performance evaluation of five distinct targeted eDNA assays (eANFI6, eFISH1, eANBO5, eGLIN1, and eLICA3 targeting sablefish, general fish, Boreal toad, wood turtle, and the American bullfrog) by subjecting the same samples to analysis by five different Taq enzyme reagent mixes (Immolase, Environmental Master Mix (EMM), Amplitaq, QIAcuity, and QuantiNova) and the commonly used 2‐step (95°C, 60°C) and 3‐step (95°C, 64°C, 72°C) thermocycle protocols. We evaluated assay performance using a standardized dilution series of synthetic dsDNA target sequences and calculated limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) and 95% confidence intervals for each combination of Taq enzyme and thermocycle protocol. All assays performed within acceptable performance criteria as defined by the Canadian national standard for targeted eDNA assays. Based on data generated by synthetic dsDNA fragments, the eDNA assays performed comparably regardless of the enzyme reagent mix and protocol used, except for eANFI6 and eGLIN1 using EMM and the 3‐step protocol, where no amplification was observed. On freshwater field samples, EMM and Immolase performed best. On marine field samples, Immolase, EMM, Qiacuity, and QuantiNova performed equally well, although EMM failed to amplify some samples. The work reveals that an enzyme reaction mix or thermocycle protocol can affect the result of an eDNA assay, but the appropriate choice also depends on the nature of the field sample. It is therefore imperative that these are considered when selecting appropriate reaction conditions and that they are clearly reported.
C−H Bond Activation Facilitated by Nickel(II) Complexes Having Mighty Claws
Authors: Rajeev Anjana , Thomas Arnold Tharun , Das Athulya , Sankaralingam Muniyandi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStreamline synthesis of cyclic alcohols has been an enduring goal in synthetic chemistry. In this regard, a series of aminoquinoline‐based pincer ligands (L1(H)=2‐(dimethylamino)‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)acetamide, L2(H)=2‐(diethylamino)‐N‐(quinoline‐8‐yl)acetamide, L3(H)=2‐(dipropylamino)‐N‐(quinoline‐8‐yl)acetamide and L4(H)=2‐(dibutylamino)‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)acetamide)) and corresponding nickel(II) complexes of the type [Ni(L)Cl] (1–4) were synthesized and characterized using modern analytical techniques. Further, the catalytic activity of 1–4 was investigated for the oxidation of cyclohexane in the presence of different oxidants. All the catalysts showed substantial activity in the presence of m‐CPBA as the oxidant in DCM‐CH3CN (v/v, 3 : 1) solvent mixture at 60 ° C to yield cyclohexanol as the major product and cyclohexanone and caprolactone as the minor products. Under the optimised reaction conditions, catalytic activity was in the order 1 (936)>2 (892)>3 (835)>4 (785), which can be rationalized by the steric‐electronic properties of the respective ligands. Notably, with catalyst 1, we could achieve the highest TON (936) reported so far for cyclohexane oxidation using nickel(II) complexes having square planar geometry. The best catalyst, 1 was further used for the oxidation of other cycloalkanes and showed appreciable activity. The formation of chlorinated products in the reaction and product distribution pattern revealed that the oxidation is mediated majorly by 3‐chlorobenzoyloxy radical.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Antifungal Agent Voriconazole via Asymmetric Epoxidation of Tetrasubstituted (Z)‐Alkene
Authors: Peng Jiale , Li Ran , Li Zhuo , Tang Yu , Yang Jin‐Song , Xue Fei , Qin Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA concise asymmetric synthesis of triazole antifungal agent voriconazole is described. Salient features of this synthesis include a LiOH‐controlled highly stereospecific formation of (Z)‐enol triflate from 2‐difluorobenzene acetoacetate to access the crucial tetrasubstituted (Z)‐allylic alcohol, and a highly enantioselective VO(OiPr)3/BHA ligand‐catalyzed epoxidation to construct the critical contiguous carbon stereocenters in a single step.
Minimal influence of the menstrual cycle or hormonal contraceptives on performance in female rugby league athletes
Authors: Smith Ella S. , Weakley Jonathon , McKay Alannah K. A. , McCormick Rachel , Tee Nicolin , Kuikman Megan A. , Harris Rachel , Minahan Clare , Buxton Simon , Skinner Jessica , Ackerman Kathryn E. , Elliott‐Sale Kirsty J. , Stellingwerff Trent , Burke Louise M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe examined performance across one menstrual cycle (MC) and 3 weeks of hormonal contraceptives (HC) use to identify whether known fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone/progestin are associated with functional performance changes. National Rugby League Indigenous Women's Academy athletes [n = 11 naturally menstruating (NM), n = 13 using HC] completed performance tests [countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), isometric mid‐thigh pull, 20 m sprint, power pass and Stroop test] during three phases of a MC or three weeks of HC usage, confirmed through ovulation tests alongside serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations. MC phase or HC use did not influence jump height, peak force, sprint time, distance thrown or Stroop effect. However, there were small variations in kinetic and kinematic CMJ/SJ outputs. NM athletes produced greater mean concentric power in MC phase four than one [+0.41 W·kg−1 (+16.8%), p = 0.021] during the CMJ, alongside greater impulse at 50 ms at phase one than four [+1.7 N·s (+4.7%), p = 0.031] during the SJ, without differences between tests for HC users. Among NM athletes, estradiol negatively correlated with mean velocity and power (r = −0.44 to −0.50, p < 0.047), progesterone positively correlated with contraction time (r = 0.45, p = 0.045), and both negatively correlated with the rate of force development and impulse (r = −0.45 to −0.64, p < 0.043) during the SJ. During the CMJ, estradiol positively correlated to 200 ms impulse (r = 0.45, p = 0.049) and progesterone to mean power (r = 0.51, p = 0.021). Evidence of changes in testing performance across a MC, or during active HC use, is insufficient to justify “phase‐based testing”; however, kinetic or kinematic outputs may be altered in NM athletes.
Sb‐Se‐based electrical switching device with fast transition speed and minimized performance degradation due to stable mid‐gap states
Authors: Mai Xianliang , Xu Qundao , Yang Zhe , Wang Huan , Liu Yongpeng , Shen Yinghua , Hu Hengyi , Xu Meng , Wang Zhongrui , Tong Hao , Wang Chengliang , Miao Xiangshui , Xu Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChalcogenide glass has a unique volatile transition between high‐ and low‐resistance states under an electric field, a phenomenon termed ovonic threshold switching (OTS). This characteristic is extensively utilized in various electronic memory and computational devices, particularly as selectors for cross‐point memory architectures. Despite its advantages, the material is susceptible to glass relaxation, which can result in substantial drifts in threshold voltage and a decline in off‐current performance over successive operational cycles or long storage time. In this study, we introduce an OTS device made from stoichiometric Sb2Se3 glass, which retains an octahedral local structure within its amorphous matrix. This innovative material exhibits outstanding OTS capabilities, maintaining minimal degradation despite undergoing over 107 operating cycles. Via comprehensive first‐principles calculations, our findings indicate that the mid‐gap states in amorphous Sb2Se3 predominantly stem from the atomic chains characterized by heteropolar Sb‐Se bonds. These bonds exhibit remarkable stability, showing minimal alteration over time, thereby contributing to the overall durability and consistent performance of the material. Our findings not only shed light on the complex physical origins that govern the OTS behavior but also lay the groundwork for creating or optimizing innovative electrical switching materials.
Printable supercapacitors and their printing technologies: A review
Authors: Goswami Y. C. , Begzaad Sangar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe review on printable supercapacitors (SCs) and their printing technologies delves into the realm of energy storage devices, focusing on the advancements in SC technology and the role of printing techniques in their fabrication. The abstract highlights the key advantages of SCs over traditional batteries and the latest developments in materials and fabrication methods. Highlighting materials like graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes showcases their role in printable inks for SCs. Additive manufacturing techniques like inkjet printing enable precise electrode deposition, leading to high‐performance SCs with enhanced energy storage capabilities. The integration of printable SCs in portable electronics, wearable devices, and soft robotics demonstrates their versatility and impact across industries. Future research directions aim to optimize material formulations, enhance printing processes, and explore novel applications in emerging fields like IoT devices and smart textiles. Through a comprehensive analysis of research articles and studies, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of printable SCs to revolutionize the energy storage landscape.
Responses of soil microbiome to nitrogen input on eroded slope farmland in Southwest China
Authors: Zhao Guiru , An Tongxin , Fan Zhiwei , Wu Kaixian , Lv Kai , Zhou Feng , Wu Bozhi , Fullen Michael A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaintaining soil productivity and sustainability remains a challenge in the face of a changing global agricultural framework, which includes the primary threat of soil degradation in many regions. Although soil erosion contributes to land degradation, how reductions in fertiliser nitrogen (N) affect erosion and soil microbial communities in sloped farmland remains unclear. In this study, effects of reductions in fertiliser N from 300 kg ha−1 (N1) to 225 kg ha−1 (N2), 150 kg ha−1 (N3), and 75 kg ha−1 (N4) on runoff, sediment yield and microbial community structure were evaluated in 12 maize farmlands with a 10° slope in Southwest China. Soil chemical properties were analyzed, and bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS1 were sequenced from extracted DNA. Runoff and sediment yield in maize were significantly lower in N1 and N2 than in N3 and N4 (p < 0.05). The microbial diversity was higher in N1 and N2 than in N3 and N4. The severe erosion associated with reductions in N input resulted in significant decreases in abundances of the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, and Nitrospirae and fungal phyla Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Olpidiomycota. By contrast, abundances of the phyla Acidobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota and Glomeromycota (fungi) increased significantly with severe erosion. Distance‐based redundancy analysis indicated that cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and nitrate strongly influenced structure of bacterial and fungal communities. Reductions >25% in N fertiliser (N3 and N4) did not meet crop N requirements, and because of the reduction in surface coverage, soil erosion was exacerbated, and soil fertility and diversity and complexity of microbial communities decreased. The results elucidated effects of N input on soil erosion and soil microbiomes in a sloped agroecosystem with the aim to rehabilitate or restore degraded land and increase sustainable agriculture development.
Quantitative analyses of major enzyme activities in postharvest fruit
Authors: Li Shucheng , Zheng Yi , Li Meiling , Zeng Lingzhen , Sang Yueying , Liu Qingqing , Zhang Huili , Lin Hetong , Fan Zhongqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe quantitative determination of major enzyme activities in postharvest fruit is a necessary biochemical experiment to investigate the physiological and metabolic mechanisms of fruit ripeness, senescence, and stress responses. However, it is necessary to choose appropriate methods to stably extract and determine target analytes from complex plant matrices due to the dynamic changes in enzyme activities of postharvest fruit during storage. Here, we outline sensitive and accurate methods for measuring fruit enzyme activities associated with key physiological processes including respiration, reactive oxygen species scavenging, membrane lipid degradation, energy synthesis, cell walls degradation, and disease resistance. This manuscript aims to provide guidance for future research in postharvest biology.
Functional dissociation of the language network and other cognition in early childhood
Authors: Hiersche K. J. , Schettini E. , Li J. , Saygin Z. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIs language distinct from other cognition during development? Does neural machinery for language emerge from general‐purpose neural mechanisms, becoming tuned for language after years of experience and maturation? Answering these questions will shed light on the origins of domain‐specificity in the brain. We address these questions using precision fMRI, scanning young children (35 months to 9 years of age) on an auditory language localizer, spatial working memory localizer (engaging the domain‐general multiple demand [MD] network), and a resting‐state scan. We create subject‐specific functional regions of interest for each network and examine their selectivity, specificity, and functional connectivity. We find young children show domain‐specific, left‐lateralized language activation, and that the language network is not responsive to domain‐general cognitive load. Additionally, the cortically adjacent MD network is selective to cognitive load, but not to language. These networks show higher within versus between‐network functional connectivity. This connectivity is stable across ages (examined cross‐sectionally and longitudinally), whereas language responses increase with age and across time within subject, reflecting a domain‐specific developmental change. Overall, we provide evidence for a double dissociation of the language and MD network throughout development, in both their function and connectivity. These findings suggest that domain‐specificity, even for uniquely human cognition like language, develops early and distinctly from mechanisms that presumably support other human cognition.
The effects of an unconditional cash transfer on parents' mental health in the United States
Authors: Pignatti Clemente , Parolin Zachary 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe provision of unconditional cash transfers may be one effective policy strategy for improving mental health, but causal evidence on their efficacy is rare in high‐income countries. This study investigates the mental health consequences of the 2021 child tax credit (CTC) expansion, which temporarily provided unconditional and monthly cash support to most families with children in the United States. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we exploit differences in CTC benefit levels for households with younger versus older children. More generous CTC transfers are associated with a decrease in the number of bad mental health days reported by the parents. The effect materializes after the third monthly payment and disappears when the benefits are withdrawn. The CTC's improvement of mental health is larger for more credit‐constrained individuals, including low‐income households, women, and younger respondents.