bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audio-based event detection in the operating room
Authors: Fuchtmann Jonas , Riedel Thomas , Berlet Maximilian , Jell Alissa , Wegener Luca , Wagner Lars , Graf Simone , Wilhelm Dirk , Ostler-Mildner Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Even though workflow analysis in the operating room has come a long way, current systems are still limited to research. In the quest for a robust, universal setup, hardly any attention has been given to the dimension of audio despite its numerous advantages, such as low costs, location, and sight independence, or little required processing power.

Methodology
We present an approach for audio-based event detection that solely relies on two microphones capturing the sound in the operating room. Therefore, a new data set was created with over 63 h of audio recorded and annotated at the University Hospital rechts der Isar. Sound files were labeled, preprocessed, augmented, and subsequently converted to log-mel-spectrograms that served as a visual input for an event classification using pretrained convolutional neural networks.

Results
Comparing multiple architectures, we were able to show that even lightweight models, such as MobileNet, can already provide promising results. Data augmentation additionally improved the classification of 11 defined classes, including inter alia different types of coagulation, operating table movements as well as an idle class. With the newly created audio data set, an overall accuracy of 90%, a precision of 91% and a F1-score of 91% were achieved, demonstrating the feasibility of an audio-based event recognition in the operating room.

Conclusion
With this first proof of concept, we demonstrated that audio events can serve as a meaningful source of information that goes beyond spoken language and can easily be integrated into future workflow recognition pipelines using computational inexpensive architectures.
Dual and generalized dual cones in Banach spaces
Authors: Khan Akhtar A. , Kong Dezhou , Li Jinlu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes and analyzes the notion of dual cones associated with the metric projection and generalized projection in Banach spaces. We show that the dual cones, related to the metric projection and generalized metric projection, lose many important properties in transitioning from Hilbert spaces to Banach spaces. We also propose and analyze the notions of faces and visions in Banach spaces and relate them to metric projection and generalized projection. We provide many illustrative examples to give insight into the given results
Reduced 30-day in-hospital but increased long-term mortality for weekend vs weekday acute medical admission
Authors: Conway Richard , Low Candice , Byrne Declan , O’Riordan Deirdre , Silke Bernard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute medical admission at the weekend has been reported to be associated with increased mortality. We aimed to assess 30-day in-hospital mortality and subsequent follow-up of all community deaths following discharge for acute medical admission to our institution over 21 years.

Methods
We employed a database of all acute medical admissions to our institution over 21 years (2002–2023). We compared 30-day in-hospital mortality by weekend (Saturday/Sunday) or weekday (Tuesday/Wednesday) admission. Outcome post-discharge was determined from the National Death Register to December 2021. Predictors of 30-day in-hospital and long-term mortality were analysed by logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The study population consisted of 109,232 admissions in 57,059 patients. A weekend admission was associated with a reduced 30-day in-hospital mortality, odds ratio (OR) 0.70 (95%CI 0.65, 0.76). Major predictors of 30-day in-hospital mortality were acute illness severity score (AISS) OR 6.9 (95%CI 5.5, 8.6) and comorbidity score OR 2.4 (95%CI 1.2, 4.6). At a median follow-up of 5.9 years post-discharge, 19.0% had died. The strongest long-term predictor of mortality was admission AISS OR 6.7 (95%CI 4.6, 9.9). The overall survival half-life after hospital discharge was 16.6 years. Survival was significantly worse for weekend admissions at 20.8 years compared to weekday admissions at 13.3 years.

Conclusion
Weekend admission of acute medical patients is associated with reduced 30-day in-hospital mortality but reduced long-term survival.
Protein Disulfide Isomerase Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein 57 (ERp57) is Protective Against ALS-Associated Mutant TDP-43 in Neuronal Cells
Authors: Parakh Sonam , Perri Emma R. , Vidal Marta , Takalloo Zeinab , Jagaraj Cyril J. , Mehta Prachi , Yang Shu , Thomas Colleen J. , Blair Ian P. , Hong Yuning , Atkin Julie D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Pathological forms of Tar-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), involving its mislocalisation to the cytoplasm and the formation of misfolded inclusions, are present in almost all ALS cases (97%), and ~ 50% cases of the related condition, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), highlighting its importance in neurodegeneration. Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum protein 57 (ERp57), a member of the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family of redox chaperones, is protective against ALS-linked mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in neuronal cells and transgenic SOD1G93A mouse models. However, it remains unclear whether ERp57 is protective against pathological TDP-43 in ALS. Here, we demonstrate that ERp57 is protective against key features of TDP-43 pathology in neuronal cells. ERp57 inhibited the mislocalisation of TDP-43M337V from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In addition, ERp57 inhibited the number of inclusions formed by ALS-associated variant TDP-43M337V and reduced the size of these inclusions. ERp57 was also protective against ER stress and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, ERp57 modulated the steady-state expression levels of TDP-43. This study therefore demonstrates a novel mechanism of action of ERp57 in ALS. It also implies that ERp57 may have potential as a novel therapeutic target to prevent the TDP-43 pathology associated with neurodegeneration.
Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) Accessibility: An Area Deprivation Index (ADI) Analysis of National Basketball Association (NBA) Players' Profiles
Authors: Ho Brandon R. , Valenzuela Joshua A. , Markes Alexander R. , Pandya Nirav K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Youth sports are increasingly shifting towards a “pay to play” model which has introduced financial barriers to participation. The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is the main organization for club basketball, serving as a platform where young athletes can compete beyond the recreational level. Outside the realm of athletes who have access to state-of-the-art facilities and top-tier coaching, the pathway to playing basketball at the next level may be predominantly available to those who can afford the considerable costs of AAU participation. The objective of this study is to determine the accessibility of AAU teams of active National Basketball Association (NBA) players through use of the Area Deprivation Index (ADI).

Recent Findings
We identified 114 AAU teams with physical addresses for 250 (50%) currently active domestic NBA players. The State ADI of the high schools as well as national and state ADIs of prior AAU teams of active NBA players were significantly skewed toward lower ADI rankings (higher socioeconomic status) (p < 0.05). The mean distance between high school location and AAU location was 170 miles.

Summary
Prior AAU teams of currently active NBA players are more frequently located in areas of higher socioeconomic status with nearly 50% being within the top 3rd lower state decile as measured by the area deprivation index. Similarly, we found the high schools these players attended, as a proxy for areas they grew up in, were also more frequently located in areas of higher socioeconomic status.
End-users’ satisfaction and adoption regarding the implementation of a technology solution for screening and counselling individuals with suspicious COVID-19: a cross-section study
Authors: Marinelli Pamela , Saragiotto Bruno Tirotti , Oliveira Rafael Felipe Ferreira , de Oliveira Lisandra Almeida , Fagundes Felipe Ribeiro Cabral , Hespanhol Luiz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the end-users’ satisfaction and the adoption of a technology solution embedding a clinical decision algorithm for screening and counselling individuals with suspicious COVID-19.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected by the startup company Hi! Healthcare Intelligence. Satisfaction was measured using two questions presenting answer options as Likert scales of eleven points (from 0 to 10), in which 0 indicated low satisfaction and 10 indicated high satisfaction. We measured ‘general satisfaction’ through the average of questions 1 and 2. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the data.

Results
The average satisfaction regarding the experience in using the technology solution and regarding the ‘recommendation for a friend or family’ was 7.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.60 to 8.28) and 8.14 (95% CI 7.80 to 8.48), respectively. ‘General satisfaction’ was 8.04 (95% CI 7.70 to 8.37). The adoption regarding the implementation of the technology solution was 24.5% (n = 265).

Conclusion
The technology solution embedding a clinical decision algorithm for screening and counselling individuals with suspicious COVID-19 presented high satisfaction. One in four (¼) individuals interested in using the technology solution actually adopted it by following the clinical decision algorithm until the end, when counselling was provided.
Prognostic and immunological significance of metastasis-associated protein 3 in patients with thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Li Jinping , Deng Zhenyan , Liu Yu , Jin Jiamin , Xie Chichu , Gan Jinfeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising anticancer activity and have recently been proposed as a therapy for thymic epithelial tumors (TETs); however, this treatment is only effective for a subgroup of TET patients. Thus, this study aims to identify the potential genes implicated in the regulation of cancer immunity in TETs.

Methods
The TETs RNA-seq and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The clinical significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in TETs was evaluated. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the immune response-related hub genes. The expression of metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) in TETs was investigated in public datasets and a patient cohort. Kaplan‒Meier curves were generated to analyze the prognostic value of various factors. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER2.0) was used to estimate the relevance of MTA3 to immune cell infiltration. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and pathway enrichment analysis were applied to explore the MTA3-related pathways.

Results
The TME was found to be clinically significant in TETs. Moreover, MTA3 was identified as a key gene associated with the immune score, and lower MTA3 expression was linked to poor TME and reduced cytotoxic activity in TETs. Furthermore, MTA3 was found to be deregulated in TETs, predictive of poor prognosis. MTA3 was also significantly associated with the infiltration levels of various immune cell types and highly correlated with their corresponding markers. Notably, MTA3 was positively associated with various immune response pathways.

Conclusion
MTA3 is clinically significant in TETs and correlated with immune cell infiltration. Thus, MTA3 might be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis and immune status of TET patients.
Observed patterns of free-floating car-sharing use
Authors: Fabra Natalia , Pintassilgo Catarina , Souza Mateus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFree-floating car-sharing (FFCS) services allow users to rent electric vehicles by the minute without restrictions on pick-up or drop-off locations within the service area of the rental company. Beyond enlarging the choice set of mobility options, FFCS may reduce congestion and emissions in cities, depending on the service’s usage and substitution patterns. In this paper, we shed light on this by analyzing the universe of FFCS trips conducted through a leading company in Madrid during 2019. We correlate FFCS usage patterns with data on traffic conditions, demographics, and public transit availability across the city. We find complementarities between FFCS and public transport in middle-income areas with scarce public transport options. Moreover, we find that the use of FFCS peaks earlier than overall traffic and is broadly used during the summer months. This suggests that FFCS may have smoothed road traffic in Madrid, contributing to a reduction in overall congestion.
Recent advances in the application of [2 + 2] cycloaddition in the chemical synthesis of cyclobutane-containing natural products
Authors: Hou Song-Yu , Yan Bing-Chao , Sun Han-Dong , Puno Pema-Tenzin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCyclobutanes are distributed widely in a large class of natural products featuring diverse pharmaceutical activities and intricate structural frameworks. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition is unequivocally the primary and most commonly used method for synthesizing cyclobutanes. In this review, we have summarized the application of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition with different reaction mechanisms in the chemical synthesis of selected cyclobutane-containing natural products over the past decade.
Graphical Abstract
Biodegradation behavior of wool and other textile fibers in aerobic composting conditions
Authors: Collie S. , Brorens P. , Hassan M. , Fowler I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pollution of the environment by microscopic fragments of plastic is a growing environmental concern. A category of this pollution is fiber fragments from textiles, a source of which is believed to be fibers released by clothing made of synthetic fibers during laundering. These fragments could enter the environment at the end of the textile’s useful life if it is not re-used or recycled. Disposal of biodegradable fibers could be achieved by industrial composting, but natural fibers are sometimes modified during manufacturing in ways that might influence biodegradation. The composting behavior of fabrics made with unmodified and chemically modified wool fibers (chlorine-Hercosett treated), regenerated cellulose, and several synthetic fibers was compared in industrial composting conditions according to an established standard test method. The fabrics were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and electron microscopy. The regenerated cellulose (viscose rayon) biodegraded to the greatest extent in the test, and both types of wool also biodegraded readily. All three synthetic fibers had no biodegradation. The machine-washable wool biodegraded more rapidly than unmodified wool and analysis of residues at the conclusion of the test indicated that it did not generate non-degradable fiber fragments. The epicuticle of unmodified wool is covered with a hydrophobic layer, which may resist microbial attack, but with time this slowly degraded. Conversely, the machine-washable wool is hydrophilic and therefore was easier for microbes to attack. If not re-used, commercial, machine-washable wool textiles can be readily disposed of in industrial composting conditions.
Remembering Uri: An Unforgettable Teacher, Colleague and Friend
Authors: Hoyles Celia , Noss Richard , Sfard Anna , Sinclair Nathalie , Zaslavsky Orit , Yerushalmy Michal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract This is one of two contributions written to commemorate Professor Uri Leron, who became Associate Editor of what was then the International Journal for Computers and Mathematical Learning, a journal founded by Seymour Papert, and upon which Digital Experiences in Mathematics Education builds on. One contribution addresses Leron’s biographical aspects and commemorative stories authored by former graduate students. This is the second contribution that includes memories from colleagues and former Editorial Board members.
Chassis concept of the individually steerable five-link suspension: a novel approach to maximize the road wheel angle to improve vehicle agility
Authors: Schmitz Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Institute of Vehicle Systems Engineering at Ulm University of Applied Sciences is currently developing the autonomous concept vehicle Nimbulus-e in the strategic field “Intelligent Commercial Vehicles” with the aim of maneuvering as agilely as possible in confined spaces. To achieve high agility under the conditions mentioned, large road wheel steering angles are necessary. As part of the basic vehicle concept, the first step is to select a suitable chassis for this purpose. Conventional suspensions cannot be applied due to the mechanical connection of the tie rod to the steering knuckle limiting the road wheel angles. Therefore, the approaches published so far for individual chassis concepts with large steering angles are analyzed and evaluated for use. In this paper, the concept of a novel individually steerable five-link suspension is described. The concept includes a vehicle body mounted steering actuator connected to the chassis via a self-locking worm gear. Due to the body mounted connection of the steering actuator, it does not contribute to the unsprung mass. An analysis of the kinematic and elastokinematic properties and the achievable road wheel steering angle is presented. In the Nimbulus e concept vehicle, the individually steerable corner module is used on both the front and the rear axle. The system is driven by four wheel hub motors. This means that eight control variables are available for the vehicle.
A deep learning-based compression and classification technique for whole slide histopathology images
Authors: Barsi Agnes , Nayak Suvendu Chandan , Parida Sasmita , Shukla Raj Mani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an autoencoder-based neural network architecture to compress histopathological images while retaining the denser and more meaningful representation of the original images. Current research into improving compression algorithms is focused on methods allowing lower compression rates for Regions of Interest (ROI-based approaches). Neural networks are great at extracting meaningful semantic representations from images and, therefore can select the regions to be considered of interest for the compression process. In this work, we focus on the compression of whole slide histopathology images. The objective is to build an ensemble of neural networks that enables a compressive autoencoder in a supervised fashion to retain a denser and more meaningful representation of the input histology images. Our proposed system is a simple and novel method to supervise compressive neural networks. We test the compressed images using transfer learning-based classifiers and show that they provide promising accuracy and classification performance.
More Than a Name: The Importance of Cultural Names and Identity in Professional Sport
Authors: Borell Phillip , Enari Dion 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndigenous athletes have long been subject to racism throughout sporting systems. Such examples include being racially abused by opposition athletes and fans. For Indigenous peoples, their names carry their identity and history of generations; connecting them to their ancestors. Sadly, in some instances their esteemed names and identities have been bastardised intentionally. One incident includes an influential sport commentator making fun of an Indigenous name on air. Her inability to pronounce Indigenous names and their defensive mechanism of making fun of them, has added to the ongoing mistreatment of Indigenous athletes in sport. Another incident involving a highly regarded, sport coach, echoed racist behaviour by renaming an Indigenous athlete in his new team; because he did not want to learn how to pronounce his name, a name given to the athlete by his parents and gifted by his tūpuna (ancestors). These high profile examples demonstrate an ignorance to properly acknowledge the demographic who make up almost half of the playing contracts in this sport. This article will draw from the research of two Indigenous sport academics to address the importance of Indigenous identity for athletes as well as pushing-back against racism in professional sport. We advocate for the inclusion of our ancestral wisdom and the honouring of our names be etched in the fabric of professional sport.
Differences in characteristics and outcomes of older patients hospitalized for COVID-19 after introduction of vaccination
Authors: Smits Rosalinde A. L. , van Raaij Bas F. M. , Trompet Stella , van der Linden Carolien M. J. , van der Bol Jessica M. , Jansen Steffy W. M. , Polinder-Bos Harmke A. , Willems Hanna C. , van de Glind Esther M. M. , Minnema Julia , Tap Lisanne , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to investigate characteristics and outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated older patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.

Methods
A retrospective multicentre cohort study among patients aged ≥70 years hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.

Results
263 vaccinated and 82 unvaccinated patients were included. Vaccinated patients were older (median age 79 vs. 76 years; p < 0.001), more patients were male (66.2% vs. 53.7%; p = 0.040), had more comorbidities [median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 2 vs. 1; p 0.016] and were frailer [Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) ≥ 4 68% vs. 49%; p 0.015]. Vaccinated patients were admitted earlier after symptom onset (median 5 days vs. 7 days) but were equally ill at time of hospital admission. After correction for frailty, comorbidity and disease severity, risk of in-hospital mortality was three times lower for vaccinated patients (HR 0.30 95% CI 0.16–0.56; p < 0.001) compared to unvaccinated patients.

Conclusion
Vaccinated patients had lower risk of in-hospital mortality than unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that vaccinated patients benefit from the protective effect of the vaccine against death during hospital stay, outweighing the increased mortality risk that is associated with older age, greater frailty and more numerous comorbidities. This could be an encouragement for older people to receive age-appropriate vaccines, although no definite conclusions can be drawn for this was no intervention study.
Research Characteristics and Approaches Taken to Follow up with Students Exposed to Bullying: A Scoping Review
Authors: Moi Anna Lange , Fandrem Hildegunn , Næss Kari-Anne Bottegård , Finne Johannes Nilsson 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis scoping review enhances the understanding of follow-up actions taken to reduce consequences from bullying, in terms of both what such actions currently entail and what they can or should encompass. Based on a comprehensive literature search of six databases, the review examines 20 peer-reviewed articles. The results highlight that there has been little empirical research on follow-up actions towards students exposed to bullying, but the existing research has been conducted worldwide and at different educational levels. When synthesized, follow-up work is not a unified concept within the literature. The examined studies were predominantly quantitative and experimental, using richly diverse measurements primarily assessing different mental health outcomes through self-report questionnaires. No common timepoint for initiate follow-up actions was shared amongst the authors. The most commonly used approach within follow-up work was to offer psychosocial support to reduce the impact of bullying on students. Less attention has been given to systemic work, particularly in the classroom environment, and to studies combining systemic and individual support. Thus, this overview contributes to the knowledge on how follow-up actions are understood and used in research and identifies important areas of focus for further research aiming to prevent prolonged consequences from bullying.