bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The economic impact of reducing on‐base naval housing
Authors: Bernstein P. , Tolley G. 
Published: January 2010

This article develops a methodology for estimating the impact on rents and home prices from a hypothetical reduction of on‐base naval housing from 56 naval bases in the United States. Based on data from the Center for Naval Analyses and the U.S. Census of Housing, and response coefficients from housing economics literature, illustrative estimates are presented of the short‐run and long‐run and long‐run impact of reducing naval housing.Key factors determining the increase in rents and home prices include (1) the increase in demand for housing in the private sector resulting from the reduction of on‐base naval housing, (2) the short‐run and long‐run elasticities of supply of private sector housing with respect to housing prices, and (3) the elasticity of demand to live in a defined housing area with respect to housing prices.We find that the effects on rents and home prices are in most cases small in the short run and negligible in the long run. The median first‐year rent increase in the 53 counties is estimated to be 0.90%, with only 9 of the counties still expected to experience rent increases of as much as 4%. In the long run, the median rent increase is estimated to be only 0.10%. Because the purchase of a home is a long‐term investment, we find that the impact on home prices is negligible, similar to the long‐run impact on rents.
Vernonia DGATs increase accumulation of epoxy fatty acids in oil
Authors: Li Runzhi , Yu Keshun , Hatanaka Tomoko , Hildebrand David F. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryVernolic acid (cis‐12‐epoxy‐octadeca‐cis‐9‐enoic acid) is valuable as a renewable chemical feedstock. This fatty acid can accumulate to high levels in the seed oil of some plant species such as Vernonia galamensis and Stokesia laevis which are unsuitable for large‐scale production. A cost‐effective alternative for production of epoxy fatty acids is to genetically engineer its biosynthesis in commercial oilseeds. An epoxygenase cDNA (SlEPX) responsible for vernolic acid synthesis and two acyl‐CoA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase cDNAs (VgDGAT1 and VgDGAT2) catalysing triacylglycerol (TAG) formation were cloned from developing seeds of S. laevis and V. galamensis. Co‐expression of SlEPX and VgDGAT1 or VgDGAT2 greatly increases accumulation of vernolic acid both in petunia leaves and soybean somatic embryos. Seed‐specific expression of VgDGAT1 and VgDGAT2 in SlEPX mature soybean seeds results in vernolic acid levels of ∼15% and 26%. Both DGAT1 and DGAT2 increase epoxy fatty acid accumulation with DGAT2 having much greater impact.
An evaluation of multimodal interactions with technology while learning science concepts
Authors: Anastopoulou Stamatina , Sharples Mike , Baber Chris 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the value of employing multiple modalities to facilitate science learning with technology. In particular, it is argued that when multiple modalities are employed, learners construct strong relations between physical movement and visual representations of motion. Body interactions with visual representations, enabled by interactive technologies, can encourage rhythmic cycles of engagement and reflection. A study was carried out to investigate how students interpret distance–time and velocity–time graphs created through hand movement. It explored the dynamic coupling between their body movements and graphs, and their subsequent interpretation and production of graphs on paper.The results show that physical manipulation of kinematics graphs has a significantly greater effect on students' ability to relate graphs to movement than observing the graphs being produced by someone else.
Polidocanol foam sclerotherapy is a new and effective treatment for post‐operative lymphorrhea and lymphocele
Authors: Klode J , Klötgen K , Körber A , Schadendorf D , Dissemond J 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground  The formation of post‐operative lymphocele and lymphorrhea following lymph node surgery is a potentially serious complication. Until now there has been no consensus on the most effective treatment for these complications. Therefore, the aim of our clinical trial was to compare the use of polidocanol foam sclerotherapy with compression therapy to wound drainage, in the treatment of post‐operative lymphoceles.Patients and methods  Retrospectively we analysed the data of 33 consecutive surgical patients who had developed a post‐operative lymphocele between 2004 and 2008. We offered all patients drainage with compression therapy or polidocanol foam sclerotherapy with 1‐day compression to treat the post‐operative lymphoceles.Results  Altogether, 12 patients were treated with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy and 21 patients were treated with drainage alone. Secretion volumes declined from initial 50–350 ml/day to 0–20 ml/day at the end of the therapy. Lymphorrhea resolved much quicker (P < 0.0001) in patients treated with polidocanol foam sclerotherapy (median 4 days, mean value 6.4 days) than in those treated with drainage (median 31 days, mean value 30.2 days). None of the patients developed a major complication.Conclusion  Polidocanol foam sclerotherapy is an effective and well‐tolerated new treatment for patients with post‐operative lymphoceles.
Fertility‐sparing laparoscopic radical trachelectomy for young women with early stage cervical cancer
Authors: Kim J‐H , Park J‐Y , Kim D‐Y , Kim Y‐M , Kim Y‐T , Nam J‐H 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kim J‐H, Park J‐Y, Kim D‐Y, Kim Y‐M, Kim Y‐T, Nam J‐H. Fertility‐sparing laparoscopic radical trachelectomy for young women with early stage cervical cancer. BJOG 2010;117:340–347.Objective  To report the results of laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (LRT) with respect to surgical, oncological and reproductive outcomes.Design  Retrospective analysis.Setting  University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea.Sample  Thirty‐two consecutive patients who wish to preserve fertility with early stage cervical cancer.Methods  Demographic, clinicopathologic, surgical, and follow‐up data were obtained from patients’ medical records. All patients agreed to telephone interviews to assess their menstrual and obstetrical outcomes.Main outcome measures  Surgical parameters, perioperative complication, disease‐free survival, overall survival, return and pattern of menstruation and pregnancy rate.Results  Thirty‐two consecutive patients who wish to preserve fertility with early stage cervical cancer were offered LRT. In five patients, the planned LRT procedures were abandoned during the operations because of lymph node metastasis or parametrial involvement on frozen section. The mean age was 29 years (range, 22–37 years). The mean tumour size was 1.7 cm in diameter (range, 0.4–3.5 cm). The mean operating time was 290 min (range, 120–520 min) and the mean estimated blood loss was 332 ml (range, 50–1000 ml). Perioperative transfusion was required in six patients. There were no perioperative complications requiring further management. After a median follow‐up time of 31 months (range, 1–58 months), there was one recurrence and death from disease. Regular menstruation returned in 24 patients. Six patients attempted to conceive, and three succeeded.Conclusions  Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy may be a safe and useful alternative to radical hysterectomy for women with early cervical cancer who want to preserve their fertility.
Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies in Egypt (1999–2002)
Authors: Dey S , Hablas A , Seifeldin IA , Ismail K , Ramadan M , El‐Hamzawy H , Wilson ML , Banerjee M , Boffetta P , Harford J , Merajver SD , Soliman AS 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Dey S, Hablas A, Seifeldin I, Ismail K, Ramadan M, El‐Hamzawy H, Wilson M, Banerjee M, Boffetta P, Harford J, Merajver S, Soliman A. Urban–rural differences of gynaecological malignancies in Egypt (1999–2002). BJOG 2010;117:348–355.Objective  In previous studies, we have shown a three to four times higher urban incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancers in the Gharbiah Province of Egypt. We investigated the urban–rural incidence differences of gynaecologic malignancies (uterine, ovarian and cervical cancers) to explore if they show the same trend that we found for breast cancer.Design  Cancer registry‐based incidence comparison.Setting  Gharbiah population‐based cancer registry (GPCR), Tanta, Egypt.Sample  All patients with uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer in GPCR from 1999 to 2002.Methods  We calculated uterine, ovarian and cervical cancer incidence from 1999 to 2002. For each of the three cancers, we calculated the overall and age‐specific rates for the province as a whole, and by urban–rural status, as well as for the eight districts of the province.Results  Incidence of all three cancer sites was higher in urban than in rural areas. Uterine cancer showed the highest urban–rural incidence rate ratio (IRR = 6.07, 95% CI = 4.17, 8.85). Uterine cancer also showed the highest urban incidence in the oldest age group (70+ age category, IRR = 14.39, 95% CI = 4.24, 48.87) and in developed districts (Tanta, IRR = 4.14, 95% CI = 0.41, 42.04). Incidence rates by groups of cancer sites showed an increasing gradient of urban incidence for cancers related to hormonal aetiology, mainly of the breast and uterus (IRR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.86, 8.61).Conclusions  The higher urban incidence of uterine cancer, coupled with our previous findings of higher incidence of breast cancer and estrogen receptor positive breast cancer in urban areas in this region, may be suggestive of possible higher exposure to environmental estrogenic compounds, such as xenoestrogens, in urban areas.
Birth outcomes in primiparous women who were raped as adults: a matched controlled study
Authors: Nerum H , Halvorsen L , Øian P , Sørlie T , Straume B , Blix E 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Nerum H, Halvorsen L, Øian P, Sørlie T, Straume B, Blix E. Birth outcomes in primiparous women who were raped as adults: a matched controlled study. BJOG 2010;117:288–294.Objective  To compare the duration of labour and the birth outcome in a group of primiparous women who had been raped after the age of 16, with a control group from the same birth cohort.Design  Cohort study.Setting  University Hospital of North Norway.Sample  Fifty women raped as adults and 150 controls.Methods  Data about birth outcomes in the first pregnancy were collected from the patient files and data concerning the assault were obtained in a subsequent pregnancy through consultations with the women who had been raped. Birth outcomes in the group of women who had been raped were compared with matched controls using a multivariable logistic regression model.Main outcome measures  Caesarean section, operative vaginal delivery and duration of labour.Results  During their first delivery, the women who had been raped had an increased risk for caesarean section (adjusted odds ratio 15.7, 95% CI 5.0–49.1) and for assisted vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio 13.1, 95% CI 4.9–34.5) when compared with controls. The group of women who had been raped had a longer second stage of labour than the control group (120 versus 55 minutes, P < 0.01). They were more often single mothers, unemployed and smokers, and had a higher body mass index and more previous pregnancy terminations and miscarriages than the control group.Conclusions  The women who had been raped had a longer second stage of labour, and an increased risk of caesarean section and operative vaginal delivery compared with controls from the general birth cohort. These findings indicate that the consequences for delivery for women who had been raped as adults could be specific and may warrant particular attention. The birth experience of women who had been raped should also be illuminated in future studies.
Identifying practices and ideas to improve the implementation of maternal mortality reduction programmes: findings from five South Asian countries
Authors: Hussein J , Newlands D , D’Ambruoso L , Thaver I , Talukder R , Besana G 
Published: January 2010

Please cite this paper as: Hussein J, Newlands D, D’Ambruoso L, Thaver I, Talukder R, Besana G. Identifying practices and ideas to improve the implementation of maternal mortality reduction programmes: findings from five South Asian countries. BJOG 2010;117:304–313.Objective  The successful implementation of programmes to reduce maternal mortality is constrained by a ‘know–do’ gap: the disparity between what is known and the application of that knowledge in policy and practice. This study identified innovations, practices and ideas aimed to improve project and programme implementation.Design  Cross‐sectional.Setting  Five South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan.Sample  Sixteen projects and programmes, and 100 key informants.Methods  In‐depth review of documents, key informant interviews and focus‐group discussions.Main outcome measures  Innovations and ideas to improve programme implementation, and their perceived effects.Results  Delegation of duties to intermediate‐level health workers, incentivisation of health workers, providing the means to overcome financial barriers for accessing care, quality improvements and knowledge transfer were examples of ideas put into practice to improve programme implementation. There was a perception that these improved service use and availability, but objective evidence was lacking.Conclusions  Some innovations, practices and ideas are supported by evidence of effect, and could be replicated, whereas others have not been formally evaluated. Testing of these innovations is required before more widespread adoption can be recommended, although experiences should be shared to narrow the ‘know–do’ gap, even though the evidence on beneficial effects remains unclear.
Bivalent phenethylamines as novel dopamine transporter inhibitors: evidence for multiple substrate‐binding sites in a single transporter
Authors: Schmitt Kyle C. , Mamidyala Sreeman , Biswas Swati , Dutta Aloke K. , Reith Maarten E. A. 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)112, 1605–1618.AbstractBivalent ligands – compounds incorporating two receptor‐interacting moieties linked by a flexible chain – often exhibit profoundly enhanced binding affinity compared with their monovalent components, implying concurrent binding to multiple sites on the target protein. It is generally assumed that neurotransmitter sodium symporter (NSS) proteins, such as the dopamine transporter (DAT), contain a single domain responsible for recognition of substrate molecules. In this report, we show that molecules possessing two substrate‐like phenylalkylamine moieties linked by a progressively longer aliphatic spacer act as progressively more potent DAT inhibitors (rather than substrates). One compound bearing two dopamine (DA)‐like pharmacophoric ‘heads’ separated by an 8‐carbon linker achieved an 82‐fold gain in inhibition of [3H] 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐tropane (CFT) binding compared with DA itself; bivalent compounds with a 6‐carbon linker and heterologous combinations of DA‐, amphetamine‐ and β‐phenethylamine‐like heads all resulted in considerable and comparable gains in DAT affinity. A series of short‐chain bivalent‐like compounds with a singleN‐linkage was also identified, the most potent of which displayed a 74‐fold gain in binding affinity. Computational modelling of the DAT protein and docking of the two most potent bivalent (‐like) ligands suggested simultaneous occupancy of two discrete substrate‐binding domains. Assays with the DAT mutants W84L and D313N – previously employed by our laboratory to probe conformation‐specific binding of different structural classes of DAT inhibitors – indicated a bias of the bivalent ligands for inward‐facing transporters. Our results strongly indicate the existence of multiple DAT substrate‐interaction sites, implying that it is possible to design novel types of DAT inhibitors based upon the ‘multivalent ligand’ strategy.
Quaternary vegetation changes derived from a loess‐like permafrost palaeosol sequence in northeast Siberia using alkane biomarker and pollen analyses
Authors: ZECH MICHAEL , ANDREEV ANDREI , ZECH ROLAND , MÜLLER STEFANIE , HAMBACH ULRICH , FRECHEN MANFRED , ZECH WOLFGANG 
Published: January 2010

Zech, M., Andreev, A., Zech, R., Müller, S., Hambach, U., Frechen, M. & Zech, W.: Quaternary vegetation changes derived from a loess‐like permafrost palaeosol sequence in northeast Siberia using alkane biomarker and pollen analyses. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 540–550. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00132.x. ISSN 0300‐9483Alkane biomarker and pollen data were obtained from a 15‐m‐high and probably c. 240‐kyr‐old loess‐like permafrost palaeosol sequence (‘Tumara Palaeosol Sequence’, TPS) in northeast Siberia. The alkane results were corrected for degradation effects by applying an end‐member model and were evaluated by comparing them with the palynological results. The two data sets are generally in good agreement and suggest that the lower part of the TPS developed mainly under larch forests, whereas the upper part of the sequence reflects the expansion of mammoth steppes during the Weichselian glaciation and finally reforestation during the Lateglacial and the early Holocene. For the lower part of the TPS, the palaeoclimatic interpretation according to modern analogue methods would indicate warm, interglacial conditions, but this is at odds with the climate chronostratigraphy based on a multi‐proxy palaeopedological approach and numeric dating. Provided that the correlation of the discussed stratigraphic unit with the Late Saalian glaciation and the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 is correct, our results suggest that temperature was not a limiting factor for tree growth at that time. Furthermore, it seems very likely that it was not mainly temperature changes but rather increasing aridity and continentality during the course of the last glacial that favoured the expansion of the mammoth steppe.
Potential negative impacts of introduced rainbow trout on endangered Sakhalin taimen through redd disturbance in an agricultural stream, eastern Hokkaido
Authors: Nomoto K. , Omiya H. , Sugimoto T. , Akiba K. , Edo K. , Higashi S. 
Published: January 2010

Nomoto K, Omiya H, Sugimoto T, Akiba K, Edo K, Higashi S. Potential negative impacts of introduced rainbow trout on endangered Sakhalin taimen through redd disturbance in an agricultural stream, eastern Hokkaido. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 116–126. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Sakhalin taimen (Hucho perryi) populations have decreased in Hokkaido, northernmost Japan, primarily because of overexploitation and habitat degradation. Here we document another threat to this species, that of spawning redd superimposition by artificially introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Sakhalin taimen and rainbow trout are the only spring‐spawning salmonid species in Hokkaido. In 2006–2008, spawning activities of both these species were observed in a Hokkaido stream, and it was determined that their spawning periods overlapped during mid‐late April. They also spawned at similar water velocities, depths and substrate compositions. Although female Sakhalin taimen were larger than female rainbow trout, their egg burial depths were nearly identical. During the observation period, rainbow trout redds were approximately five times more abundant than Sakhalin taimen redds, and about 30% of the observed Sakhalin taimen redds were superimposed by rainbow trout redds. The high degree of spatial and temporal overlap in spawning, the similar egg burial depths of both species, and the high proportion of superimposed redds suggest that the introduced rainbow trout impact the endangered Sakhalin taimen in Hokkaido, and possibly, in other areas where the two species occur together.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Estradiol Limits Viral Replication Following Intravaginal Immunization Leading to Diminished Mucosal IgG Response and Non‐sterile Protection Against Genital Herpes Challenge
Authors: Gillgrass Amy , Chege Duncan , Bhavanam Sudha , Kaushic Charu 
Published: January 2010

Citation Gillgrass A, Chege D, Bhavanam S, Kaushic C. Estradiol limits viral replication following intravaginal immunization leading to diminished mucosal IgG response and non‐sterile protection against genital herpes challenge. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 299–309Problem  Previously we reported that ovariectomized (OVX) mice receiving estradiol (E) prior to immunization with an attenuated strain of HSV‐2 (TK‐HSV‐2) were not protected. Lack of protection in the E group was because of the inability of TK‐HSV‐2 to penetrate the thick keratinized epithelium. In this study, we determined the outcome of immunization after the thickening of vaginal epithelium following E‐treatment waned. OVX, C57BL/6 mice were given Progesterone (P), E or saline (S) for 3 days and immunized with IVAG TK‐HSV‐2.Method of study  To determine the time point at which E‐treated mice could be successfully immunized, the mice were inoculated with TK‐HSV‐2 between days 1 and 7 (ED1–ED7) post‐E‐treatment and challenged with IVAG HSV‐2 three weeks later.Results  The level of infection post‐immunization correlated with HSV‐2‐specific IgG antibody level, which correlated with sterile protection. No viral infection was observed in ED1–ED3 groups and no specific antibodies were detected, resulting in no protection. Moderate infection was seen in ED5 group, resulting in low antibody production and non‐sterile protection in 87.5% of mice. High antibody titers and sterile protection were observed in all groups that experienced robust infection post‐immunization.Conclusion  The results show that estradiol leads to limited viral replication and diminished mucosal IgG response, resulting in non‐sterile immune protection against genital herpes infection.
Public school educator’s knowledge of initial management of dental trauma
Authors: Vergotine Rodney J. , Govoni Robert 
Published: January 2010

Abstract –  Objectives:  To compare the level of knowledge of physical education teachers/athletic coaches (PETs) and academic teachers (ATs) regarding dental trauma management.Methods: Surveys were sent to all high schools (17) and all middle schools (23) in the Milwaukee public school system. All PETs and approximately 20 ATs at each school were invited to participate. The survey evaluated knowledge of dental trauma management via two case scenarios.Results:  Survey was completed by 140 ATs and 119 PETs. For the urgency of treatment for tooth fractures 81% of ATs and 53% of PETs responded correctly, a significant difference (P < .0001). With regards to avulsions, 56% of ATs and 46% of PETs responded that immediate professional assistance was needed. Only 7% of PETs would replant an avulsed tooth compared with 12% of ATs, a difference that was significant (P = .0062). Milk was chosen as a transportation medium for an avulsed tooth by 25% of ATs and 23% of PETs.Conclusions:  Knowledge regarding the initial management of dental trauma was low for both groups. Educational campaigns regarding dental trauma should be targeted at all teachers.