bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurologic disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Benavente L. , Morís G. 
Published: May 2010

Background and purpose:  The study is aimed to report neurologic manifestations in a population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in order to address its clinical characteristics.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective study based on a computer‐guided search, of patients with Crohn′s disease or ulcerative colitis diagnosed at three hospitals in Spain spanning from 2000 through 2008. Patients were classified into different clinical groups based on the type of neurologic involvement. Only patients without iatrogenic complications, vitamin deficiencies, or known cerebrovascular risk factors were included.Results:  We identified and reviewed the records of eighty‐four inflammatory bowel disease patients with neurologic symptoms: thirteen patients with ulcerative colitis and twelve patients with Crohn′s disease associated with neurologic complications were identified. Their ages ranged from 17 to 74 years. There was a slight predominance of women. Only four of them have another extra‐intestinal manifestation. Most of the patients developed neurologic manifestations coincidental or after digestive symptoms appeared. Demyelinating disease was the most frequent manifestation observed (8 patients). Cerebrovascular, peripheral nerve, and epilepsy disorders were diagnosed in 6, 5, and 3 patients, respectively. One patient with myoclonus, one with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and one with sensorineural hearing loss were found.Conclusions:  Although an incidence could not be obtained, this population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a low frequency of severe neurologic disorders. Neurologic diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, demyelinating disease, and peripheral neuropathy, could be associated with Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis.
BsmI vitamin D receptor’s polymorphism and bone mineral density in men and premenopausal women on long‐term antiepileptic therapy
Authors: Lambrinoudaki I. , Kaparos G. , Armeni E. , Alexandrou A. , Damaskos C. , Logothetis E. , Creatsa M. , Antoniou A. , Kouskouni E. , Triantafyllou N. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Utilization of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has long been associated with bone deleterious effects. Furthermore, the BsmI restriction fragment polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD), mostly in postmenopausal women. This study evaluates the association between bone metabolism of patients with epilepsy and the BsmI VDR’s polymorphism in chronic users of AEDs.Methods: This study evaluated 73 long‐term users of antiepileptic drug monotherapy, in a cross‐sectional design. Fasting blood samples were obtained to estimate the circulating serum levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, parathormone, 25hydroxyvitamin D as well as the VDR’s genotype. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine was measured with Dual Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry.Results: Bone mineral density was significantly associated with the genotype of VDR (mean BMD: Bb genotype 1.056 ± 0.126 g/cm2; BB genotype 1.059 ± 0.113 g/cm2; bb genotype 1.179 ± 0.120 g/cm2;P < 0.05). Additionally, the presence of at least one B allele was significantly associated with lower bone mineral density (B allele present: BMD = 1.057 ± 0.12 g/cm2, B allele absent: BMD = 1.179 ± 0.119 g/cm2;P < 0.01). Patients with at least one B allele had lower serum levels of 25hydroxyvitamin D when compared with bb patients (22.61 ng/ml vs. 33.27 ng/ml,P < 0.05), whilst they tended to have higher levels of parathyroid hormone.Discussion: Vitamin D receptor polymorphism is associated with lower bone mass in patients with epilepsy. This effect might be mediated through the vitamin D‐parathormone pathway.
Combat Trauma and the Moral Risks of Memory Manipulating Drugs
Authors: HURLEY ELISA A. 
Published: May 2010

abstractTo date, 1.7 million US military service personnel have been deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Of those, one in five are suffering from diagnosable combat‐stress related psychological injuries including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). All indications are that the mental health toll of the current conflicts on US troops and the medical systems that care for them will only increase. Against this backdrop, research suggesting that the common class of drugs known as beta‐blockers might prevent the onset of PTSD is drawing much interest. I urge caution against accepting too quickly the use of beta‐blockers for dealing with the psychological injuries that combat experiences can wreak. Beta‐blockers are thought to work by disrupting the formation of emotionally disturbing memories that typically occur in the wake of traumatic events and that in some people manifest as PTSD. Focusing on a single dimension of soldiers' experience in combat, namely, their perpetration of other‐directed violence, I argue that some of the emotional memories blunted by beta‐blockers play important roles in the recovery of moral aspects of soldiers' selves damaged by experiences of combat violence — specifically, in the achievement of a state of grace— and, therefore, that the use of beta‐blockers may come with distinct moral costs.
Pond characteristics as determinants of species diversity and community composition in desert bats
Authors: Razgour O. , Korine C. , Saltz D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough water availability is known to affect landscape‐scale patterns of wildlife diversity and distribution in arid environments, little is known about the microhabitat characteristics that shape the local‐scale distribution of desert bats. We examined the relative importance of pond microhabitat characteristics for the conservation of bats, and hypothesized that in arid environments, patterns of bat diversity and community composition relate to the size of the pond and its hydroperiod (the number of months a pond holds water), a term we use to distinguish between permanent, semi‐permanent and temporary ponds. We combined acoustic monitoring with video recording and an experimental approach to study bat activity over natural ponds in the Negev Desert, Israel. We found that both within and between ponds bat species richness and activity significantly increased with pond size. An experimental reduction of pond size led to a significant reduction in bat species richness and activity and affected the bat community composition. In contrast to pond size, pond hydroperiod did not affect bat diversity, as temporary ponds had equivalent levels of bat species richness and activity to permanent ponds. However, hydroperiod did couple with pond size to affect the bat community composition, whereby non‐desert bat species that have a higher frequency of drinking were associated with larger and more permanent ponds. Our results highlight the importance of larger temporary ponds (ponds over 15 m in length and 0.5 m in depth) for the conservation of biodiversity in arid environments.
Anthropometric measures: poor predictors of body fat in children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy
Authors: KUPERMINC MICHELLE N , GURKA MATTHEW J , BENNIS JACEY A , BUSBY MARJORIE G , GROSSBERG RICHARD I , HENDERSON RICHARD C , STEVENSON RICHARD D 
Published: May 2010

Aim  This purpose of our study was to assess and compare anthropometric measures of adiposity and direct measurement of percentage body fat by dual emission X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We also compared our results in children with CP with results from a national sample of typically developing children from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Method  Anthropometry and DXA were obtained from 58 participants with CP (25 females, 33 males; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III–V; mean age 13y 1mo [SD 3y], range 8–18y). Height was estimated from knee height, which was measured with knee height calipers; weight was measured on a sitting scale. The relation between percentage body fat measured by DXA and z‐scores of each of the anthropometric measures (body mass index, mid‐upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and mid‐upper arm fat area) was assessed by linear models. Agreement analysis was performed to assess the ability of each anthropometric measure to predict percentage body fat by DXA.Results  None of the anthropometric measures were adequately associated with percentage body fat by DXA. All anthropometric methods tended to underestimate percentage body fat in children with CP.Interpretation  Single anthropometric measures do not perform well in predicting percentage body fat in children with or without CP. Further work is needed to develop clinically useful and simple assessments that will predict percentage body fat and to determine the relation between percentage body fat and health to guide clinical practice.
Behavioural and emotional symptoms of preschool children with cerebral palsy: a population‐based study
Authors: SIGURDARDOTTIR SOLVEIG , INDREDAVIK MARIT S , EIRIKSDOTTIR AUÐUR , EINARSDOTTIR KATRÍN , GUDMUNDSSON HALLDÓR S , VIK TORSTEIN 
Published: May 2010

Aim  To describe behavioural and emotional symptoms among Icelandic preschool children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Children with congenital CP, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist/1½–5 (CBCL/1½–5) and Caregiver‐Teacher Report Form (C‐TRF), were enrolled in the study. A comparison group was recruited from the general population. Thirty‐six children (53% males) with CP were assessed at a mean age of 4 years 11 months (SD 5mo, range 4–6y); 26 (72%) had bilateral distribution of symptoms and 32 (89%) had spastic CP. Thirty (83%) were at Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I or II and six at levels III or IV. For comparison, 110 (43% males) and 120 (48% males) children were assessed with the CBCL/1½–5 and the C‐TRF respectively, at a mean age of 4 years 6 months (SD 6mo, range 4–6y).Results  Sixteen children (48%) with CP had high scores on total problems scale of the CBCL/1½–5 and 20 (65%) on the C‐TRF compared with 18% of the comparison group, both on the CBCL/1½–5 and the C‐TRF (p<0.001). Children with CP had higher scores on all subscales of the CBCL/1½–5 and the C‐TRF, except somatic complaints. Attention difficulties, withdrawn, aggressive behaviour, and anxious/depressed symptoms were most pronounced among children with CP.Interpretation  A large proportion of preschool children with CP have substantial behavioural and emotional difficulties, which need to be addressed in their treatment.
Epilepsy in hemiplegic cerebral palsy due to perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke
Authors: WANIGASINGHE JITHANGI , REID SUSAN M , MACKAY MARK T , REDDIHOUGH DINAH S , HARVEY A SIMON , FREEMAN JEREMY L 
Published: May 2010

Aim The aim of this study was to describe the frequency, risk factors, manifestations, and outcome of epilepsy in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) due to perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS).Method The study group comprised 63 participants (41 males, 22 females) from a population‐based CP register whose brain imaging showed perinatal AIS. Information collected included occurrence of neonatal seizures, family history of epilepsy, motor function and epilepsy onset, treatment, and outcome. Electroclinical findings were classified according to seizure semiology, seizure type, and epilepsy syndrome.Results Mean age of participants at the time of study was 10 years 6 months (SD 4y 7mo, range 4–20y). Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II were reported in 96% of participants, and Manual Ability Classification System levels I and II were reported in 79% of children. Thirty‐four children (54%) developed epilepsy. Term delivery and more severe motor impairment were associated with epilepsy, but neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were not. Initial seizures were epileptic spasms, focal seizures, or myoclonic seizures. Focal seizure semiology suggested Rolandic or occipital seizure origin in the majority of children. Focal epileptic discharges in children with focal seizures had features of idiopathic partial epilepsy. Only 15% of children had active epilepsy 10 years after onset.Interpretation Despite a high incidence of epilepsy in children with hemiplegic CP due to AIS, the prognosis for seizure remission is good. Many children have clinical features, electroencephalography findings, and remission typical of idiopathic partial epilepsy.
The effect of gastrostomy tube feeding on body protein and bone mineralization in children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: ARROWSMITH FIONA , ALLEN JANE , GASKIN KEVIN , SOMERVILLE HELEN , CLARKE SAMANTHA , O’LOUGHLIN EDWARD 
Published: May 2010

Aim  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gastrostomy tube feeding on body protein and bone mineralization in malnourished children with cerebral palsy (CP).Method  Children aged between 4 and 18 years with spastic quadriplegic CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System level V) were recruited from the Children’s Hospital at Westmead to participate in this prospective cohort study. The children had measurements of anthropometry (weight, height, and skinfold), bone mineral content (BMC) by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and total body protein (TBP) by neutron activation analysis before and after gastrostomy tube feeding. Comparison data were collected prospectively from age‐matched healthy children and extracted from databases for this study.Results  A total of 21 children (nine females, 12 males) participated in the study (median age 8y 5mo; interquartile range [IQR] 6y 9mo–11y 10mo). The median length of time of gastrostomy feeding was 19.4 months (IQR 7.7–29.9mo). Significant (p<0.05) improvements were found in the median values for weight (15.4–23.3kg), weight standard deviation scores (SDS; −4.8 to −3.0), height (105.4–118.3cm), per cent body fat (10.7–16.3), TBP (2.4–3.4kg), TBP per cent predicted for height (83.4–99.0), and BMC (469–626g). No significant increases were found in height SDS, TBP per cent predicted for age, or BMC SDS for age or height.Interpretation  Malnourished children with quadriplegic CP showed significant increases in body fat and protein with gastrostomy tube feeding. No significant change in bone mineralization predicted for age or height was observed.
Minor neurological dysfunction in children with dyslexia
Authors: PUNT MARJA , DE JONG MARIANNE , DE GROOT ERIK , HADDERS‐ALGRA MIJNA 
Published: May 2010

Aim  To improve understanding of brain function in children with severe dyslexia in terms of minor neurological dysfunctions (MNDs).Method  One hundred and four children (81 males, 23 females; age range 7–12y; mean age 9y 7mo, SD 1y 2mo;) with severe dyslexia (the presence of a Full‐scale IQ score of ≥85, retardation in single‐word or text reading of ≥2y), assessed in a department of dyslexia of a third‐level regional psychiatric centre, underwent a neurological examination according to Touwen and a multidisciplinary child psychiatric assessment. Special attention was paid to severity and type of MND. Data were compared with neurological morbidity data of children in the general population.Results  Most children had MND (87%): 43% had simple MND, 44% complex MND. The incidence of MND was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the children with dyslexia than in the general population (simple MND 15%, complex MND 6%). Children with dyslexia showed especially fine manipulative disability and – to a lesser extent – mild dysfunction in muscle tone regulation and excessive presence of associated movements. A comorbid psychiatric syndrome was diagnosed in 66 children (63%): emotional disturbances (27%), adjustment disorder (42%), hyperkinetic disorder (15%), autism spectrum disorder (3%), specific disturbances of childhood not otherwise specified (13%). The neurological findings of children with dyslexia with and without psychiatric comorbidity were similar.Interpretation  Our results demonstrate the importance of neurological and child psychiatric assessment in children with severe dyslexia. Our findings suggest that dysfunction of cortical structures plays a dominant role in dyslexia.
When a child errs: The ERN and the Pe complex in children
Authors: Arbel Yael , Donchin Emanuel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report an analysis of the componential structure of the event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited when 8–10‐year‐old children err. We demonstrated previously that the positive deflection that follows the error‐related negativity (ERN) in young adults is a combination of two ERP components, a fronto‐central positive component and a P300. As these findings affect the interpretation of error‐related ERP data, it is essential to determine if the componential structure of the ERPs elicited by children's errors is similar to that found in young adults. The results of the current study confirm that, as is the case in adults, both an ERN and a fronto‐central positivity are elicited by errors committed by children. In contrast to what has been previously found in adults, errors committed by children elicited a central positivity in addition to a parietal negativity that was elicited by correct responses.
Association of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia in first pregnancy with normotensive second pregnancy outcomes: a population‐based study
Authors: Chang JJ , Muglia LJ , Macones GA 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Chang J, Muglia L, Macones G. Association of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia in first pregnancy with normotensive second pregnancy outcomes: a population‐based study. BJOG 2010;117:946–953.Objective  To evaluate pregnancy outcomes in normotensive second pregnancy following pre‐eclampsia in first pregnancy.Design  Population‐based retrospective cohort study.Setting  State of Missouri in the USA.Sample  White European origin or African‐American women who delivered their first two non‐anomalous singleton pregnancies between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation in Missouri, USA, 1989–2005, without chronic hypertension, renal disease or diabetes mellitus (n = 12 835).Methods  Pre‐eclampsia or delivery at 34 weeks of gestation or less in first pregnancy was defined as early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, whereas late‐onset pre‐eclampsia was defined as pre‐eclampsia with delivery after 34 weeks of gestation. Multivariate regression models were fitted to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Main outcome measures  Preterm delivery, large and small‐for‐gestational‐age infant, Apgar scores at 5 minutes, fetal death, caesarean section, placental abruption.Results  Women with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia in first pregnancy were more likely to be younger, African‐American, recipients of Medicaid, unmarried and smokers. Despite a second normotensive pregnancy, women with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia in their first pregnancy had greater odds of a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant, preterm birth, fetal death, caesarean section and placental abruption in the second pregnancy, relative to women with late‐onset pre‐eclampsia, after controlling for confounders. Moreover, maternal ethnic origin modified the association between early‐onset pre‐eclampsia in the first pregnancy and preterm births in the second pregnancy. Having a history of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia reduces the odds of having a large‐for‐gestational‐age infant in the second pregnancy.Conclusion  A history of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia is associated with increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes despite a normotensive second pregnancy.
Increased adverse perinatal outcome of hospital delivery at night
Authors: de Graaf JP , Ravelli ACJ , Visser GHA , Hukkelhoven C , Tong WH , Bonsel GJ , Steegers EAP 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: de Graaf J, Ravelli A, Visser G, Hukkelhoven C, Tong W, Bonsel G, Steegers E. Increased adverse perinatal outcome of hospital delivery at night. BJOG 2010;117:1098–1107.Objective  To determine whether delivery in the evening or at night and some organisational features of maternity units are related to perinatal adverse outcome.Design  A 7‐year national registry‐based cohort study.Setting  All 99 Dutch hospitals.Population  From nontertiary hospitals (n = 88), 655 961 singleton deliveries from 32 gestational weeks onwards, and, from tertiary centres (n = 10), 108 445 singleton deliveries from 22 gestational weeks onwards.Methods  Multiple logistic regression analysis of national perinatal registration data over the period 2000–2006. In addition, multilevel analysis was applied to investigate whether the effects of time of delivery and other variables systematically vary across different hospitals.Main outcome measures  Delivery‐related perinatal mortality (intrapartum or early neonatal mortality) and combined delivery‐related perinatal adverse outcome (any of the following: intrapartum or early neonatal mortality, 5‐minute Apgar score below 7, or admission to neonatal intensive care).Results  After case mix adjustment, relative to daytime, increased perinatal mortality was found in nontertiary hospitals during the evening (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15–1.52) and at night (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.28–1.69) and, in tertiary centres, at night only (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06–1.37). Similar significant effects were observed using the combined perinatal adverse outcome measure. Multilevel analysis was unsuccessful; extending the initial analysis with nominal hospital effects and hospital–delivery time interaction effects confirmed the significant effect of night in nontertiary hospitals, whereas other organisational effects (nontertiary, tertiary) were taken up by the hospital terms.Conclusion  Hospital deliveries at night are associated with increased perinatal mortality and adverse perinatal outcome. The time of delivery and other organisational features representing experience (seniority of staff, volume) explain hospital‐to‐hospital variation.
Real‐time, spatially resolved analysis of serotonin transporter activity and regulation using the fluorescent substrate, ASP+
Authors: Oz Murat , Libby Therissa , Kivell Bronwyn , Jaligam Vanaja , Ramamoorthy Sammanda , Shippenberg Toni S. 
Published: May 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1019–1029.AbstractThe serotonin transporter (SERT) mediates clearance of serotonin from the synapse, thereby, regulating extracellular serotonin concentrations. Radioligand uptake techniques are typically used to assess SERT function in tissue and heterologous expression systems. The need for sufficient protein in samples, however, requires use of homogenate preparations, potentially masking effects limited to specific cell populations. 4‐(4‐(dimethylamino)‐styryl)‐N‐methylpyridinium (ASP+) is a fluorescent monoamine transporter substrate that has been used for real‐time monitoring of dopamine and norepinephrine transporter function in single cells. The present live cell imaging studies examine the utility of ASP+ for quantifying human SERT function in HEK293 and neuroblastoma cells. We show rapid membrane binding and intracellular ASP+ accumulation in human SERT‐expressing cells. Accumulation is saturable; dependent on temperature and the presence of sodium and chloride in the media, and attenuated by serotonin. Acute or prolonged exposure of cells to serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors produces a concentration‐dependent decrease in accumulation. Similar effects are produced by protein kinase C activation whereas p38 MAPK activation increases ASP+ accumulation. These data demonstrate the validity of ASP+ as a probe for monitoring SERT function in living cells. Alterations in SERT binding and uptake can be quantified in the same cell and use of a within‐cell design permits analysis of time‐related alterations in SERT function.