bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Reactions of 2,3‐Allenoates with a 1,3‐Diketone Catalyst Effect
Authors: Fang Zhao , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo types of reactions of 2,3‐allenoates with 1,3‐diketones under different reaction conditions are described: under palladium catalysis, the relatively electron‐rich C=C bonds are attacked to afford ethyl (2E)‐4‐acyl‐2‐alkyl‐4‐aryl‐6‐oxohept‐2‐enoates exclusively with dicyclohexyl(2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl)phosphane as the ligand; under Cu(OAc)2 catalysis, 4‐[R–C(=O)–]‐(LB‐Phos) 3,5‐dialkyl‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)furan‐2(3H)‐one products are formed unexpectedly through intramolecular reaction at the electron‐deficient C=C bond.
When bittersweet turns sour: Adverse effects of nostalgia on habitual worriers
Authors: Verplanken Bas 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTNostalgic memories can be pleasant, albeit bittersweet, and have been found beneficial for well‐being. This study demonstrated that for individuals who habitually worry, nostalgia may not be such a nourishing experience. Nostalgia was experimentally induced using a visual imagery task and resulted in positive affect. Although this was also the case for participants who habitually worry, these individuals subsequently showed more signs of anxiety and depression than habitual worriers in a control condition. The findings fit within a control theoretical perspective; as habitual worriers' actual chronic state of anxiety contrasts with nostalgic memories of a carefree past, this may instigate further rumination leading to distress. A more present‐oriented time perspective, such as mindfulness, is discussed as being beneficial for habitual worriers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
If time flies, are you more fun? The relative effect of expected exposure duration on the evaluation of social stimuli
Authors: Vliek Michael L. W. , Rotteveel Mark 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo studies investigated how expectancy violations of exposure duration affected preference for neutral faces. In two experiments, participants evaluated pictures of neutral faces, ostensibly exposed for the duration of 8 (Experiment 1) or 10 (Experiment 2) seconds each. Exposure duration was manipulated by varying actual exposure time within participants as being either 2 seconds shorter (time “flies”) or 2 seconds longer (time “drags”) than expected. Results confirmed the intuitive hypothesis that neutral faces would be evaluated more positively in situations where time seemed to “fly” compared with situations where time seemed to “drag”. However, comparing affective judgments in both expectancy violation conditions to an expectancy control (i.e., no expectancy violation) condition (Experiment 2) indicated that violations of expected exposure duration actually attenuated affective judgments, such that affective judgments in the absence of temporal discrepancies were most positive. These results suggest that temporal contrasts derived from a violation of duration expectancies may hinder fluent information processing, leading to attenuated affective judgments compared with situations in which no duration expectancies were violated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imagined future social pain hurts more now than imagined future physical pain
Authors: Chen Zhansheng , Williams Kipling D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSocial pain has been shown to be more easily re‐lived than physical pain. This study further examined whether social pain could be more easily pre‐lived or pre‐experienced than physical pain. Participants were instructed to pre‐live a socially or physically painful event and report their feelings of pain. Consistent with our hypotheses, social pain is easily pre‐lived, but physical pain is not. In addition, individuals with more vivid mental imageries reported higher levels of pain after pre‐living a socially painful event than those with less vivid mental imagery; such a difference was not observed after pre‐living a physically painful event. The discussion was centered on the theoretical and metrological implications of these findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imposex reduction and residual butyltin contamination in southern Brazilian harbors
Authors: Castro Ítalo Braga , Rossato Martina , Fillmann Gilberto 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The imposex incidence was appraised in South American gastropods, considering the scenario before and after the global ban of tributyltin (TBT). A statistically significant reduction in imposex indexes was observed in Stramonita haemastoma collected in 2006 and 2010 from areas under the influence of four coastal harbors from southern Brazil. This reduction may be because of the effectiveness of the global ban issued by the International Maritime Organization, although the restrictions on TBT-based antifouling paints in Brazil might also have helped. Even so, a residual organotin contamination was still detected in female tissues (levels ranged from 7.6 to 164.9 ng Sn/g for TBT; from &lt;2 to 214.5 ng Sn/g for dibutyltin; from &lt;3.5 to 178.8 ng Sn/g for monobutyltin; and from &lt;1.5 to 53 ng Sn/g for triphenyltin). Thus, although a reduction in imposex and environmental levels of organotins is expected in every ocean worldwide soon after the implementation of national and international restriction regulations, this will depend on the effectiveness of the global TBT ban; the effectiveness of local restrictions on producing, selling, and using TBT-based antifouling paints; and specific characteristics of local sediments, because metabolization rates and sorption/desorption of TBT previously deposited might affect its environmental bioavailability. Therefore, the reduction trend detected in the present study cannot be extrapolated to other Brazilian or South American coastal areas. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 947–954. © 2012 SETAC
High tributyltin and imposex levels in the commercial muricid Thais chocolata from two Peruvian harbor areas
Authors: Castro Ítalo Braga , Fillmann Gilberto 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The first appraisal of butyltin (BT) contamination linked with imposex incidence in Peruvian coastal areas was performed in the present study. Imposex occurrence and BT levels in female bodies were analyzed in the rock snail Thais chocolata distributed along 10 sites in areas under the influence of Callao and Chimbote Harbors. Imposex levels associated to high tributyltin (TBT) concentrations were observed in six of 10 studied sites, and the highest imposex levels were seen in gastropods collected near the harbor terminals. Tributyltin concentrations were the highest reported for gastropod mollusks (up to 662 ng Sn g−1) in recent studies. Although TBT-based antifouling paints have been banned globally (International Maritime Organization, 2008), the combination of high imposex and TBTs level with butyltin degradation index values indicated fresh TBT inputs in these Peruvian coastal areas. Thus, the need to implement local regulatory strategies related to the use of TBT-free antifouling paints is urgent, as is a thorough assessment of the effectiveness of the TBT global ban. Moreover, the wide distribution of T. chocolata combined with its capability to elicit imposex and bioaccumulate BTs renders this a good sentinel species for TBT contamination along the western South American coast. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 955–960. © 2012 SETAC
Subclinical hypothyroidism, mood, and cognition in older adults: a review
Authors: Joffe Russell T. , Pearce Elizabeth N. , Hennessey James V. , Ryan Joseph J. , Stern Robert A. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo perform a critical review of the literature on the mood and cognitive changes associated with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), with an emphasis on older adults. To evaluate these data against the Consensus Statement on the management of SCH from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, and The Endocrine Society.MethodA comprehensive literature review.ResultsSubclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with an increased risk of mood and cognitive dysfunction, although the strength of this association and the efficacy of replacement hormone therapy require further investigation.ConclusionIt remains unclear whether SCH leads to significant mood and cognitive impairments in most older patients. More research is required to determine the nature and extent of this association and whether thyroid hormone replacement therapy is appropriate and effective in treating SCH‐associated neurobehavioral impairments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcranial direct current stimulation does neither modulate results of a quantitative sensory testing protocol nor ratings of suprathreshold heat stimuli in healthy volunteers
Authors: Jürgens T.P. , Schulte A. , Klein T. , May A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to effectively modulate cortical excitability. Several studies have suggested clinical efficacy in pain syndromes such as central neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia. However, little is known regarding tDCS effects on nociception in healthy volunteers.MethodsIn the present study, we examined the effects of anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation of the left primary motor cortex in 17 healthy volunteers on modalities of a comprehensive quantitative sensory testing protocol (including thermal and mechanoreceptive detection and pain thresholds) and on a repetitive heat pain paradigm mimicking clinical pain. The study was conducted in a single‐blind crossover fashion. tDCS was applied at 1 mA for 15 min.ResultsWe could not detect any relevant modulation of somatosensory and pain variables in quantitative sensory testing. In addition, no significant alteration of enhanced pain ratings to repetitive noxious heat stimuli (heat hyperalgesia) was found.ConclusionAs pain processing in chronic pain patients might differ, tDCS could exert its antinociceptive effects depending on the activation level of the nociceptive system.
Tetraspanins stimulate protein synthesis in myeloma cell lines
Authors: Zismanov Victoria , Drucker Liat , Attar‐Schneider Oshrat , Matalon Shelly Tartakover , Pasmanik‐Chor Metsada , Lishner Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntensive protein synthesis is a unique and differential trait of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Previously we showed that tetraspanin (CD81, CD82) overexpression in MM cell lines attenuated Akt/mTOR cascades, activated UPR, and caused autophagic death, suggesting breach of protein homeostasis. Here, we explored the role of protein synthesis in the tetraspanin‐induced MM cell death. Contrary to attenuation of the major metabolic regulator, mTOR we determined elevated steady‐state levels of protein in CD81N1/CD82N1 transfected MM lines (RPMI‐8226, CAG). Elevated levels of immunoglobulins supported increased protein production in RPMI‐8226. Changes in cell morphology consistent with elevated protein synthesis were also determined (cell, nuclei, and nucleoli sizes and ratios). Increased levels of phospho‐rpS6 and decreased levels of phospho‐AMPK were consistent with increased translation but independent of mTOR. Involvement of p38 and its role in tetraspanin induced translation and cell death were demonstrated. Microarray analyses of tetraspanin transfected MM cell lines revealed activation of protein synthesis signaling cascades and signals implicated in ribosome biogenesis (snoRNAs). Finally, we showed tetraspanins elevated protein synthesis was instrumental to MM cells' death. This work explores and demonstrates that excessive protein translation can be detrimental to MM cell lines and therefore may present a therapeutic target. Proteostasis is particularly important in MM because it integrates the high levels of protein production unique to myeloma cells with critically important microenvironmental cues. We suggest that increasing translation may be the path of least resistance in MM and thus may afford a novel platform for strategically designed therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2500–2510, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Species‐specific biological effects of FGF‐2 in articular cartilage: Implication for distinct roles within the FGF receptor family
Authors: Li Xin , Ellman Michael B. , Kroin Jeffrey S. , Chen Di , Yan Dongyao , Mikecz Katalin , Ranjan KC  , Xiao Guozhi , Stein Gary S. , Kim Su‐Gwan , Cole Brian , van Wijnen Andre J. , Im Hee‐Jeong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractExisting literature demonstrates that fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) exerts opposing, contradictory biological effects on cartilage homeostasis in different species. In human articular cartilage, FGF‐2 plays a catabolic and anti‐anabolic role in cartilage homeostasis, driving homeostasis toward degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA). In murine joints, however, FGF‐2 has been identified as an anabolic mediator as ablation of the FGF‐2 gene demonstrated increased susceptibility to OA. There have been no previous studies specifically addressing species‐specific differences in FGF‐2‐mediated biological effects. In this study, we provide a mechanistic understanding by which FGF‐2 exerts contradictory biological effects in human versus murine tissues. Using human articular cartilage (ex vivo) and a medial meniscal destabilization (DMM) animal model (in vivo), species‐specific expression patterns of FGFR receptors (FGFRs) are elucidated between human and murine articular cartilage. In the murine OA model followed by intra‐articular injection of FGF‐2, we further correlate FGFR profiles to changes in behavioral pain perception, proteoglycan content in articular cartilage, and production of inflammatory (CD11b) and angiogenic (VEGF) mediators in synovium lining cells. Our results suggest that the fundamental differences in cellular responses between human and murine tissues may be secondary to distinctive expression patterns of FGFRs that eventually determine biological outcomes in the presence of FGF‐2. The complex interplay of FGFRs and the downstream signaling cascades induced by FGF‐2 in human cartilage should add caution to the use of this particular growth factor for biological therapy in the future. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2532–2542, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resveratrol chemosensitizes breast cancer cells to melphalan by cell cycle arrest
Authors: Casanova Fabiana , Quarti Julia , da Costa Danielly Cristiny Ferraz , Ramos Caroline Araújo , da Silva Jerson Lima , Fialho Eliane 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMelphalan (MEL) is a chemotherapeutic agent used in breast cancer therapy; however, MEL's side effects limit its clinical applications. In the last 20 years, resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol found in grape skins, has been proposed to reduce the risk of cancer development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether RSV would be able to enhance the antitumor effects of MEL in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. RSV potentiated the cytotoxic effects of MEL in human breast cancer cells. This finding was related to the ability of RSV to sensitize MCF‐7 cells to MEL‐induced apoptosis. The sensitization by RSV involved the enhancement of p53 levels, the decrease of procaspase 8 and the activation of caspases 7 and 9. Another proposed mechanism for the chemosensitization effect of MCF‐7 cells to MEL by RSV was the cell cycle arrest in the S phase. The treatment with RSV or MEL increased the levels of p‐Chk2. The increase became pronounced in the combined treatments of the compounds. The expression of cyclin A was decreased by treatment with RSV and by the combination of RSV with MEL. While the levels of cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) remained unchanged by treatments, its active form (Thr160‐phosphorylated CDK2) was decreased by treatment with RSV and by the combination of RSV with MEL. The activity of CDK7, kinase that phosphorylates CDK2 at Thr160, was inhibited by RSV and by the combination of RSV with MEL. These results indicate that RSV could be used as an adjuvant agent during breast cancer therapy with MEL. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2586–2596, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Biological Activity of Cu(II) Compounds Incorporating Pyrazole‐derived Ligand: Effect on Cell Growth in Human Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Li Chen‐Yi , Lien Yu‐Ling , Datta Amitabha , Chiu Wan‐Ting , Hsu Chin‐Lin , Huang Jui‐Hsien , Horng Lance , Lin Chia‐Her , Su Chi‐Jung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of Cu(II) compounds containing neutral multi‐dentate ligand [2,6‐diisopropylphenyl]‐bis[(1‐H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]amine (L1) and pyrazole dimethoxethyl ligand [(1‐H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐bis(2‐methoxyethyl)amine (L2) were synthesized. Reactions of L1 and L2 with copper(II) chloride generate L1CuCl2 (1) and L2CuCl2 (2), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 have been characterized by elemental analysis and X‐ray single crystal diffractometry. The effects of compounds 1 and 2 on the cell viability of various human cancer cells (including A549, COLO 205, HT‐29, Hep3B, HepG2, Huh7, and PCL5 cells) were investigated. The results indicate that compound 2 has a strong inhibitory effect on cell growth in human colorectal carcinoma cells (COLO 205 cells and HT‐29 cells).
THE SOCIAL SECURITY FUNCTION OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINA
Authors: Wang Xiaobing , Weaver Nick , You Jing 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOn the basis of the Lewis model, this paper addresses the theoretical foundations of the social security function of the agricultural sector and investigates the impact of this function on Chinese development. We argue that the agricultural sector and secure agricultural land holdings are important means, in the absence of comprehensive government provision of social security, in insuring rural residents and rural–urban migrants against risks and uncertainties. Given a large rural population and massive rural–urban migration, secure access to land for both rural and migrant populations in China has helped the economy avoid systemic risk and helped to maintain social stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Directional Consistency in Offending: The Case of Residential Burglary in The Hague
Authors: Daele Stijn Van , Bernasco Wim 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany aspects of human behaviour are remarkably stable across times, places and situations. Repetition and predictability also characterises our geographical behaviour. Prior research has confirmed that criminal behaviour is no exception. Offenders tend to recidivate, and recidivists tend to be behaviourally consistent in many aspects, including geographical ones. The present study assesses directional consistency in offending. It reviews the literature on directional consistency. It proposes an improved measure of directional consistency, and empirically uses this measure to explore directional consistency amongst a set of 268 burglars in The Hague. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights into the Cu+‐assisted nucleophilic radioiodination of bromopyridine and iodopyridine analogues
Authors: Eersels J. L. H. , Mertens J. , Herscheid J. D. M. 
Published: March 2012

The Cu+ method, originally developed for aromatic compounds, has also been applied for radioiodination of pyridine rings. The aim of this paper is a more fundamental approach of the different parameters ruling the Cu+‐assisted radioiodination of the regiomers of pyridine.A mechanistic model is represented on the basis of the mutual complex‐formation properties of pyridine for Cu+ and Sn++. It is proven that a part of the Cu+ catalyst, required for optimal labelling, is involved in a Halo‐PyrN:Cu+‐complex resulting in a lower labelling yield. In case of 3‐Br‐pyridine and 4‐Br‐pyridine, the Sn++ present in excess versus Cu+ in the general reaction conditions, can displace Cu+ from its pyridine complex rendering it available as catalyst, allowing a successful labelling.A 2‐Br‐pyridine, with the halogen atom in ortho position of the N atom, is an exception to that rule: the Cu+ ions reversibly bound in the Br‐Pyr‐N:Cu+‐complex are also involved in an intramolecular transfer to the ortho C‐Br bond resulting in an effective molarity exceeding the bulk concentration and a high labelling yield.Radioiodination of a 2‐halo‐pyridine analogue is preferentially performed in the absence of SnSO4, using only gentisic acid as reducing agent. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of the L‐arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in peripheral antinociception induced by N‐palmitoyl‐ethanolamine in rats
Authors: Romero Thiago R.L. , Galdino Giovane S. , Silva Grazielle C. , Resende Lívia C. , Perez Andréa C. , Cortes Steyner F. , Duarte Igor D.G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractN‐palmitoyl‐ethanolamine (PEA) is an endogenous substance that was first identified in lipid tissue extracts. It has been classified as a CB2 receptor agonist. Exogenous PEA has the potential to become a valid treatment for neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In spite of the well‐demonstrated antiinflammatory properties of PEA, its involvement in controlling pain pathways remains poorly characterized. The participation of the L‐arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in peripheral antinociception has been established by our group to the μ‐, κ‐ or δ‐opioid receptor agonists, nonsteroidal analgesics, α2C‐adrenoceptor agonists, and even nonpharmacological electroacupuncture. The aim of this study was to verify whether the peripheral antinociception effects of PEA involve the activation of this pathway. All drugs were locally administered to the right hind paw of male Wistar rats. The paw pressure test was used, with hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2. PEA elicited a local peripheral antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by the nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L‐NOARG and the selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor L‐NPA. Selective inhibition of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NOS via L‐NIO and L‐NIL, respectively, was ineffective at blocking the effects of a local PEA injection. In addition, the dosage of nitrite in the homogenized paw, as determined by colorimetric assay, indicated that exogenous PEA is able to induce NO release. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ antagonized the PEA effect, whereas the cGMP‐phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast potentiated the antinociceptive effect of low‐dose PEA. This study provides evidence that PEA activates nNOS, thus initiating the NO/cGMP pathway and inducing peripheral antinociceptive effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.