bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Disorders in Armadillos (Dasypodidae, Edentata) in Captivity
Authors: Diniz L. S. M. , Costa E. O. , Oliveira P. M. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe major health problems found in 113 armadillos are presented and correlated with management in captivity. The most common of 217 recorded clinical disorders involved injury (28.5%), digestive system (17.9%), respiratory system (15.2%), nutritional deficiency (13.3%), skin problems (3.6%), septicaemia (1.8%), nervous system (1.3%), urinary system (0.9%) and effects of environmental (0.9%), with 14.7% of the cases inconclusive. Internal parasites were identified in 42.0% of faeces samples, mainly eggs of helminths (66.6%), of which the commonest were Ancylostoma sp. (33.3%), Strongyloides sp. (30.5%), Ascaris sp. (25.0%), Trichuris sp. (11.1%), and also protozoa (13.0%). Enterobacteriaceae were the bacteria most frequently isolated, with Escherichia coli the most prevalent, followed by Salmonella sp. and Enterobacter aerogenes. The most successful treatments are listed. The influence of some captive factors on the onset of the diseases was also analysed: donated animals 91.1% and zoo born 8.8%; quarantine enclosure 84.0% and exhibition 15.0%; and related to time in captivity, 92.2% occurred with animals in the first 6 months in the zoo and 7.8% with animals more than 6 months.
Level of Viral Antigen in Blood Leucocytes from Cattle Acutely Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
Authors: Sandvik T. , Fredriksen B. , Løken T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBlood samples from 24 calves undergoing experimental acute infection with a noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) were examined for viral antigen in peripheral leucocytes with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for presence of virus in blood plasma in a cell culture assay. With the antigen ELISA, low positive values were detected in leucocytes sampled on days 3–4 from two of eight animals inoculated intranasally, and on days 11–13 from three of 16 animals inoculated intramuscularly. From 22 of the animals, low titres of BVDV were detected in blood plasma obtained 2–9 days after inoc***ulation. All other samples, drawn between 2 and 21 days after inoculation, were negative for viral antigen. All animals seroconverted 3–4 weeks after inoculation, some after having shown mild and transient signs of disease.
Virological Protection of Sows upon Challenge with Aujeszky's Disease Virus After Multiple Vaccinations with Attenuated or Inactivated Vaccines
Authors: Nauwynck H. J. , Zonnekeyn V. , Pensaert M. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe frequency with which sows are vaccinated during eradication programmes has been determined rather arbitrarily in the past, without the necessary scientific support. In the present study the efficacy of repeated vaccinations against Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) with two inactivated vaccines and with one attenuated ADV‐strain (Bartha) suspended in either oil‐in‐water or saline was evaluated in 40 breeding sows originating from five farms by the assessment of the clinical and virological protection upon an experimental challenge. Sows with two different histories of number of booster vaccinations after a base immunization were selected: young sows which had received 1–3 booster vaccinations and old sows which had received 8–10 booster vaccinations. Two seronegative and two gE‐positive sows were included as controls.After challenge, clinical signs such as anorexia and fever were observed in the two seronegative sows and only in four out of the 18 sows which had repeatedly been vaccinated with inactivated vaccines. The mean duration of virus excretion significantly differed (P < 0.05) between the experimental groups. In seronegative sows, virus shedding lasted for 12.5 days. This period was reduced to 6.8–7.9 days in the groups of sows vaccinated with inactivated vaccines having no effect by the number of booster vaccinations and type of vaccine. In the groups of sows vaccinated with Bartha vaccine, challenge virus was detected during 3.7–5.3 days when revaccinated 1–3 times. A reduction to 0.7–1.2 days was obtained with a higher number of boosters (8–10) but only when the vaccine virus was suspended in o/w. Considering the mean cumulative values of virus excretion (area under the curve) it can be stated that sows frequently vaccinated with inactivated vaccines excrete significantly (P < 0.05) higher amounts of virus (26.0–31.5) than sows frequently vaccinated with attenuated ones (1.6–23.7). We may conclude from the present data that the attenuated vaccine virus Bartha, especially when suspended in o/w is superior to inactivated vaccines for inducing clinical and virological protection of sows in the field during their whole breeding period.
Presencia de Listeria monocytogenes y Listeria sp. en Longanizas Frescas y Curadas. Utilización de Distintas Condiciones de Tiempo y Temperatura de Incubación
Authors: Rota C. , Yangüela J. , Blanco D. , Carramiñana J. J. , Herrera A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo different temperatures for enrichment of Listeria monocytogenes and related species have been studied (1) cold enrichment at 4°C (2) enrichment at 30°C (FDA method). Also, two selective media for isolation were tested: Acriflavine‐Ceftazidime agar (A.C.) and Palcam agar. We have studied 72 samples of dry‐cured sausage (called ‘longaniza’) at different stages of maduration: fresh, semicured and cured samples. The most efficient method was cold enrichment at 4°C during 5 days followed by isolation in Palcam agar, but results were only significant for fresh sausages (P < 0.05)
Renal Amyloidosis in Cattle: a Case Report in Iran
Authors: Seifi H. A. , Karimi K. , Movasseghi A. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRenal amyloidosis is a rare condition in cattle and this report is the first in Iran. A 5‐year old Holstein cow was referred because of profuse diarrhoea, ventral oedema and decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed a well audible ping area on the upper half of the right paralumbar fossa. At rectal examination, a large firm and circular shaped kidney was palpated. Laboratory examination revealed hypoproteinaemia and severe proteinuria. At necropsy, the kidneys were enlarged, yellow and waxy. Amyloid deposits were found in glomeruli by microscopic examination of the kidneys, and with Congo red staining renal amyloidosis was confirmed.
Increase in C‐reactive Protein in the Serum of Piglets (pCRP) Following ACTH or Corticosteroid Administration
Authors: Bürger W. , Ewald C. , Fennert E.‐M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA new isolation procedure for porcine C‐reactive protein (pCRP) by affinity chromatography and ion‐exchange chromatography is described. Antisera against this protein were raised in rabbits. Immunochemical methods indicate a close immunological relationship of pCRP to human CRP (hCRP). The molecular weight of one subunit of pCRP was determined to be 23 400 Da by SDS‐PAGE. Measurements of serum concentration of pCRP by competitive ligand assay and radial immunodiffusion showed a good correlation. Normal values of healthy pigs, kept under good conditions, were 8.35 mg/1 with a normal range up to 16.8 mg/1 (3 × SD).ACTH or prednisolone were applicated to piglets daily for a period of 2 weeks and the pCRP concentration in serum was measured. There was a strong pCRP elevation during the application period in comparison to a control group. When the stimulus disappeared, the values declined to normal. In the absence of infections and inflammations, the pCRP appears to be a valuable parameter for following the effects of stress on animals.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection in Goats in the Czech Republic
Authors: Skalka B. , Literák I. , Michalík I. , Skřivánek M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPrevalence of caseous lymphadenitis was studied in goats from six herds in the Czech Republic. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis exhibiting typical properties was isolated from clinically affected animals only. Antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis were identified by means of agar immunodiffusion and the neutralization test using a toxin—phospholipase D (PLD)—as antigen. No clinical manifestations of caseous lymphadenitis or antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis were found in four herds. In one herd without any history of clinical caseous lymphadenitis, serological positivity was reported in two out of 148 examinations. In a herd with clinical manifestations of caseous lymphadenitis, antibodies were ascertained to a various degree in subsequent samplings (100%, 87% and 64%, respectively). The importance of serologic examination of caseous lymphadenitis in goat herds is discussed.
Water as a Reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Cows Studied by Serotyping and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE)
Authors: Hänninen M.‐L. , Niskanen M. , Korhonen L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe occurrence of campylobacters was studied in the faecal samples of a dairy herd with about 20 animals and in the lake which was their source of drinking water during the grazing period from June to September. Of the total of 141 faecal samples studied, 0–21 % were found to be positive for C. jejuni at various sampling times throughout the year. More cows were found to be campylobacter‐positive in summer or in autumn after the grazing period than after the winter, when the animals were inside and their drinking water source was municipal chlorinated tap water. C. jejuni was isolated from most of the lake water samples. Serotyping with heat stable antigens and molecular typing with PFGE using SacII‐ and SmaI‐digested DNA revealed that an animal that was permanently infected with C. jejuni sero‐/PFGE‐type PEN 0:6, 25/I/ND most probably contaminated the lake water in summer 1987. This was the only sero/PFGE‐type isolated from the lake water in summer and autumn 1987 and in spring 1988. This sero/PFGE‐type was also isolated from four other cows in autumn 1987, suggesting that lake water was the source of the infection. This study is first to employ molecular methods to assess the possible role of contaminated drinking water in the transmission of campylobacter infection within a dairy herd.
Microbial Hazard of Salted Om El‐Kholoul (Wedge shell Donax trunculus)
Authors: Mansour N. , Yassien N. , Ibrahim H. M. , Elmossalami M. K. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySixty samples of salted OM El‐Kholoul were collected from different localities in Giza, Alexandria and Ismailia. The samples were examined organoleptically and bacteriological examination of samples were performed for enumeration of aerobic, Enterobacteriaceae, Staph. aureus, Enterococci counts as well as isolation and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The mean counts/gm of aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, Staph. aureus, Strept. faecalis and Strept. faecum were 4.9 times 105, 4.8 times 104, 1.9 times 105, 1.5 times 105 and 8 times 102, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from all examined samples. Moreover, the weight, pH and sodium chloride percentage of ten samples were estimated. Trial was done to investigate the inhibitory effect of lemon juice (Citrus aurantifolia) on the microbial load of Om El‐Kholoul, where the inhibitory effect of this juice was noticed. The public health significance of isolated microorganisms was discussed, moreover the suggestive measures for improvement of the microbial quality of the product were mentioned.
A Salmonella Monitoring Programme in Egg Production Farms in Germany
Authors: Geue L. , Schlüter H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA programme monitoring the prevalence of Salmonella infections in egg production farms with different types of flock management was conducted over a period of 18 months. Three laying hen farms with floor pens and five farms with batteries were examined from September 1992 to March 1994. A total of 569 samples (293 feed and 276 faeces) were processed in parallel by fivefold fractional enrichment in Rappaport/Vasiliadis medium and in potassium tetrathionate crystal violet broth. By using such elaborate methods, high detection rates of Salmonella were obtained. Two thirds of all isolates were found in the third to fifth selective enrichment procedure. Salmonella (S.) Tennessee was the most common serovar isolated (from 24.5% of the samples) whereas S. Enteritidis was the second most common isolate (23.7%). Salmonella were isolated from 33.1% of the feed samples (97/293), a result which may stimulate further discussion on the prevention of potential contamination of feed stuff with Salmonella and other pathogens. The number of Salmonella isolations from floor pens was significantly higher than from batteries. As time progressed an increase in the number of Salmonella isolations occurred in samples taken from the floor pens. The development of a less costly routine monitoring programme to detect Salmonella in samples taken from barns with layer flocks is recommended.
Late Lesions of Experimental Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia Caused by Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae
Authors: Wesonga H. O. , Lindberg R. , Litamoi J. K. , Bölske G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA clinical, bacteriological, serological and patho‐anatomical study was carried out on 12 goats surviving the acute stage of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), experimentally produced with Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae (M. capripneumoniae), with the major aims of investigating the chronic stage of the disease and elucidating the possibility of a carrier state beyond the acute fulminant phase. The goats were killed 9, 16, 82 or 126 days after the onset of acute clinical signs. On day 9, clinical signs included low grade fever and persistent coughing. Thereafter, only intermittent coughing was recorded. Serum titres of complement‐fixing antibodies to M. capripneumoniae were high at the period of fever but dropped thereafter. Post‐mortem examination showed acute fibrinous pleuropneumonia on days 9 and 16, and chronic pleuropneumonia on days 82 and 126, including sequester formations in goats killed on day 126. Mycoplasma capripneumoniae was isolated on days 9 and 16 but not on later occasions. The study showed that goats recovered from acute CCPP may have lesions for a long time thereafter but provide no evidence of a carrier state among long‐term survivors.
Control of Proliferative Enteropathy in Growing/Fattening Pigs Using Growth Promoters
Authors: Tsinas A. C. , Kyriakis S. C. , Lekkas S. , Sarris K. , Bourtzi‐Hatzopoulou E. , Saoulidis K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different antibiotics used as growth promoters on the control of porcine intestinal adenomatosis when administered in weaning, growing and fattening pig diets, according to Annex I of the European Union directive (70/524/EEC and its subsequent amendments to date) for the use of feed additives. On a farm with a previous history of proliferative enteropathy outbreaks, 648 weaned piglets (23 days old) were divided into nine experimental groups according to bodyweight and sex ratio, each group comprising four pens with 18 pigs in each pen. One group served the trial as a negative (unmedicated) control: another (the positive control) received monensin via feed at 100 p.p.m. up to the end of the growing phase (107 days old) and 50 p.p.m. up to slaughter age (156 days old). The remaining seven groups were offered feed with the addition of the following antibiotics: virginiamycin (50–20 p.p.m.), avilamycin (40–20 p.p.m.), spiramycin (50–20 p.p.m.), zinc bacitracin (50–10 p.p.m.), avoparcin (40–20 p.p.m.), tylosin (40–20 p.p.m.) and salinomycin (60–30 p.p.m.), respectively. The performance of the pigs in the positive control group was very satisfying and among the highest in the trial, verifying earlier field studies. As a general conclusion it seems that all tested growth promoters had a beneficial effect compared with the untreated control, indicated by the decrease of mortality rate, the elimination of diarrhoeal incidence and the enhancement of growth performance, although the proliferative enteropathy control achieved by each substance was not always satisfactory. More specifically, the antibiotic growth promoters tested can be scaled according to their total efficacy as follows: 1. Salinomycin, tylosin, spiramycin; 2. Virginiamycin, zinc bacitracin, avilamycin; and 3. Avoparcin. Finally, it is considered that part of the growth promotion efficacy of the tested substances is due to their potential capacity to control porcine intestinal adenomatosis; thus, in future growth performance trials, the disease background of the trial farms must be examined, especially for porcine enteropathy challenges.
Relationship Between Cell Counts in Bovine Milk and the Presence of Mastitis Pathogens (Yeasts and Bacteria)
Authors: Moretti A. , Pasquali P. , Mencaroni G. , Boncio L. , Fioretti D. Piergili 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBovine mastitis is an economically important disease in dairy industry and a variety of pathogen microorganisms are involved. The AA carried out a study to investigate the prevalence of yeasts and bacteria in milk samples (794) from dairy cows of Umbria (Central Italy), belonging to 19 herds, and the relationship between cell counts in bovine milk and the presence of these pathogens. 29.7 % milk samples were positive for pathogen microorganisms, of those 4.9 % were positive for yeasts and bacteria, 4.4 % for yeasts and 20.4 % for bacteria. The species of yeasts and bacteria most frequently encountered were Trichosporon capitatum (31.2%), T. beigelii (18.72%) and Candida albicans (12.48%), C. guillermondii (12.48%), C. tropicalis (12.48%); with regard to bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (34.3%) and S. albo (19.8%). The presence of yeasts and bacteria in milk samples are correlated to an increase of somatic cell counts even if with different degree. Epidemiological and sanitary correlation were carried out.
A Pathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Goat Kids Undergoing Septicaemic Disease Caused byMycoplasma capricolumsubsp.capricolum, Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp.capriandMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoides(Large Colony Type)
Authors: Rodríguez J. L. , Gutiérrez C. , Brooks D. L. , Damassa A. J. , Orós J. , Fernández A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis paper studies the pathological and immunohistochemical findings in 12 kids experimentally infected withMycoplasma capricolumsubsp.capricolum(Mcc),M. mycoidessubsp.capri(Mmc) andM. mycoidessubsp.mycoides(large colony type), (MmmLC). For the demonstration of Mcc, Mmc and MmmLC antigens an immunoperoxidase technique based on the labelled streptavidin biotin method was used in the 12 kids inoculated with mycoplasmas and the three control kids inoculated with mycoplasma medium. All 12 kids, inoculated by different routes, developed subcutaneous swelling at the point of inoculation and terminated in fatal septicaemia from 1 to 5 days post inoculation. The histopathological findings consisted of cellulitis at the point of inoculation, acute diffuse interstitial pneumonia, arthritis and multifocal necrotic purulent splenitis in some kids. The Mcc, Mmc and MmmLC antigens were detected immunohistochemically in all kids with specific punctiform labelling inside the cytoplasm of the leucocytes or extracellularly at the inoculation point, respiratory airways, spleen, liver, joints, tonsils and lymph nodes. The results obtained in this study showed that the inoculation of these mycoplasmas by parenteral routes caused mycoplasmaemia. Moreover, the immunohistochemical results appear fully to confirm that the mycoplasmas were the cause of the death of the kids because of a septicaemic state.
Reproducibility of Antibiogram of Bovine Mammary Gland Staphylococci under Conditions of Repeated Subculturing
Authors: Muhammad G. , Hoblet K. H. , Bech‐Nielsen S. , Jackwood D. L. , Smith K. L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe reproducibility of antibiogram profiles of 10 staphylococcal isolates of bovine mammary gland origin was tested under conditions of repeated subculturing. Prototype (original or index) antibiogram profiles were determined by subculturing these isolates from stock cultures stored at −70°C. The isolates were then subcultured four times on blood agar and antibiogram profiles determined at each subculture on Mueller‐Hinton agar. The antibiogram profiles of each isolate at each subculture were compared with the prototype profiles of that isolate. At repeat antibiogram determinations, deviations of ≤ 5 mm in the individual zones of inhibition of penicillin, ampicillin and streptomycin from the prototype antibiogram profiles, resulted in a shift of only three isolates from the resistant to intermediate and one isolate from intermediate to resistant status of antibiotic susceptibility classification. It is suggested that in the interpretation of antibiogram, susceptibility classification (resistant, intermediate, or susceptible) variations accruing from a few millimetres differences in the diameter of the zones of inhibition should probably be disregarded.
Assaying Granulocyte Phagocytosis by Chemiluminescence: Effect of Storage Time and Temperature of Blood Samples
Authors: Magnusson U. , Holst H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe objective was to study the effect of storage of blood samples for up to 4.5 h at either room temperature or on ice on granulocyte phagocytosis as assessed by chemiluminscence. The study included three groups of animals: eight pigs, seven cows and eight horses, which were bled at one occasion. The blood samples were divided into two and stored either at room temperature or on ice. Granulocyte phagocytosis in the samples was then assessed every 60 min starting 30 min and finishing 4.5 h after bleeding. The phagocytosis was recorded as the AUC of chemiluminescence following phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan particles. The time of storage of blood samples had a significant (P < 0.001) overall effect on the chemiluminiscence following phagocytosis in all species tested, as was the case with storage temperature (P < 0.001). It should be noted, however, that there were considerable species differences in the effect of the storage on the granulocyte phagocytosis. Hence, for valid comparisons of data on granulocyte phagocytosis assessed by chemiluminiscence it is important that the handling procedures of the blood samples have been applied consistently even if the assays have been performed only a few hours after blood collection.
Untersuchungen zur Migration und Translation vonOesophagostomum‐quadrispinulatum‐Larven aus dem Kot
Authors: Barutzki D. , Gothe R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryStudies on the migration and translation of larvae ofOesophagostomum quadrispinulatumout of faecesInvestigations on the migration and translation of free‐living stages ofOesophagostomum quadrispinulatum, using faeces containing eggs as starting material, revealed that mostly third stage larvae and very few second stage larvae migrated out of faeces, whereas first stage larvae remained in the faeces. The emigration rates depended on ambient relative humidity. Compared with the control, third stage larvae emigrated out of faeces at rates of 0.3%, 1.6% and 12.2% at 50%, 75% and 100% relative humidity, respectively. Offering helminth‐free faeces, emigrated third stage larvae returned into faeces at rates of 0.4–1.2%, 5.8–17.7%, 39.0–52.7%, and 45.2–60.7% after 1 h, 24 h, 5 days and 14 days, respectively. After a period of 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks staying out of faeces, emigrated third stage larvae returned into faeces at rates of 23.3%, 8.8%, 22.1% and 6.0%, respectively. An examination of the horizontal translation revealed that most of the third stage larvae migrated distances up to 80 cm and a few even up to 150 cm returning into helminth‐free faeces.