bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of histologic tumor characteristics and size of surgical margins with clinical outcome after surgical removal of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs
Authors: Schultheiss Patricia C. , Gardiner David W. , Rao Sangeeta , Olea-Popelka Francisco , Tuohy Joanne L. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the relationship between width and depth of surgical margins, amount of edema within and around the tumor, and degree of demarcation between the tumor and surrounding tissues with the clinical outcome following surgical removal of cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) in dogs.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—100 dogs with 115 resectable cMCTs.
Procedures—Information about the dogs' clinical outcomes following cMCT removal was obtained from primary care veterinarians. Histologic sections of excised tumors were assessed retrospectively for tumor grade and measurement of the narrowest lateral and deep margins of nonneoplastic tissue excised with the tumors; edema within the tumor and surrounding tissues was assessed as minimal, moderate, or severe. Tumors were classified as poorly, moderately, or well demarcated on the basis of the degree of mast cell infiltration into the adjoining connective tissue.
Results—Following tumor excision (with no additional postsurgery treatment), 96 dogs had no local recurrence or metastatic disease for 27 to 31 months; 4 metastatic disease–related deaths (dogs with grade II or III tumors) occurred within 3 to 9 months. Histologically, mean lateral and deep surgical margins around the tumors were 8.9 and 5.3 mm, respectively. No recurrence of tumor or metastatic disease developed following excision with lateral margins ≥ 10 mm and deep margins ≥ 4 mm. Edema and degree of demarcation were not correlated with outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that most grade I and II cMCTs in dogs can be successfully treated by complete surgical removal with margins smaller than those currently recommended.
Multisystemic infection with an Acanthamoeba sp in a dog
Authors: Kent Marc , Platt Simon R. , Rech Raquel R. , Eagleson Joseph S. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Shoff Megan , Fuerst Paul A. , Booton Greg , Visvesvara Govinda S. , Schatzberg Scott J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Case Description—A 10-month-old Boxer was evaluated for fever and signs of cervical pain.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed lethargy, fever, and mucopurulent ocular and preputial discharge. On neurologic examination, the gait was characterized by a short stride. The dog kept its head flexed and resisted movement of the neck, consistent with cervical pain. Clinicopathologic findings included neutrophilic leukocytosis, a left shift, and monocytosis. Cervical radiographs were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed neutrophilic pleocytosis and high total protein content. On the basis of signalment, history, and clinicopathologic data, a diagnosis of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis was made.
Treatment and Outcome—The dog was treated with prednisone (3.2 mg/kg [1.45 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h), for 3 weeks with limited response. Consequently, azathioprine (2 mg/kg [0.9 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) was administered. Three weeks later, the dog was evaluated for tachypnea and lethargy. Complete blood count revealed leukopenia, neutropenia, and a left shift. Thoracic radiography revealed a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern. The dog subsequently went into respiratory arrest and died. On histologic evaluation, amoebic organisms were observed in the lungs, kidneys, and meninges of the brain and spinal cord. A unique Acanthamoeba sp was identified by use of PCR assay.
Clinical Relevance—This dog developed systemic amoebic infection presumed to be secondary to immunosuppression. The development of secondary infection should be considered in animals undergoing immunosuppression for immune-mediated disease that develop clinical signs unrelated to the primary disease. Although uncommon, amoebic infection may develop in immunosuppressed animals. Use of a PCR assay for identification of Acanthamoeba spp may provide an antemortem diagnosis.
Serial use of serologic assays and fecal PCR assays to aid in identification of subclinical Lawsonia intracellularis infection for targeted treatment of Thoroughbred foals and weanlings
Authors: Page Allen E. , Slovis Nathan M. , Gebhart Connie J. , Wolfsdorf Karen , Mapes Samantha M. , Pusterla Nicola 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective—To assess the serial use of serum immunoperoxidase monolayer assays (IPMAs) and fecal PCR assays, combined with other diagnostic methods, to identify subclinical Lawsonia intracellularis infections for targeted treatment of Thoroughbred foals and weanlings at farms in which the pathogen was endemic or nonendemic.
Design—Evaluation study.
Animals—100 foals and weanlings (53 and 47 at farms in which L intracellularis was endemic and nonendemic, respectively).
Procedures—Serum was collected every 4 weeks and tested via IPMA, for antibodies against L intracellularis. Fecal samples were collected every 2 weeks and tested by use of an L intracellularis–specific PCR assay. When results for IPMAs or PCR assays were positive or clinical signs compatible with equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE) were detected, clinicopathologic testing was performed to determine treatment.
Results—No foals had positive results for the L intracellularis–specific IPMA until after weaning; 32 of 53 (60.4%) weanlings at the farm in which L intracellularis was endemic and 8 of 47 (170%) at the farm in which L intracellularis was nonendemic had positive IPMA results, whereas the number of weanlings that tested positive via fecal PCR assays at those farms was 6 and 0, respectively. Nineteen of 32 weanlings with positive IPMA results at the farm in which L intracellularis was endemic were treated for EPE; 5 of these had clinical signs of EPE. No weanlings at the nonendemic farm had clinical signs of or were treated for EPE.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IPMA appeared to be a useful means of identifying weanlings exposed to L intracellularis.
A survey of larval digeneans in the commonest intertidal snails from Northern Patagonian coast, Argentina
Authors: Gilardoni Carmen , Etchegoin Jorge , Diaz Julia , Ituarte Cristián , Cremonte Florencia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOver a two-years period, a survey was carried out in order to increase the knowledge of digeneans parasitising the commonest intertidal gastropods on the Patagonian coast, Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. A total of 4,725 gastropods were examined. Six species of digenean parasitising four snail species were found; four of them were registered for first time: Maritrema sp. 1 (Microphallidae) in Crepidula dilatata (Calyptraeidae), Parorchis sp. (Philophtalmidae) and sporocyst of Renicolidae in Trophon geversianus (Muricidae), and Diphterostomum sp. (Zoogonidae) in Buccinanops globulosus (Nassariidae). Two other species were found in Siphonaria lessoni (Siphonariidae): Maritrema sp. 2 and Hemiuridae. One snail species, Tegula patagonica (Trochidae) was not parasitised. These gastropods act as first intermediate host, and C. dilatata, S. lessoni and B. globulosus also frequently host metacercariae within the sporocyst. Overall prevalences varied from 0.16% of Diphterostomum in the intertidal population of B. globulosus to 33.45% of Maritrema sp. 1 in C. dilatata.
First report of Trichinella britovi in Serbia
Authors: Cvetkovic Jelena , Teodorovic Vlado , Marucci Gianluca , Vasilev Dragan , Vasilev Sasa , Cirovic Dusko , Sofronic-Milosavljevic Ljiljana 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn Europe, Serbia ranks among countries with a high prevalence of Trichinella infection in pigs, which continues to be a serious human health problem. While in some Balkan countries, more than one Trichinella species/genotype has been described in both the sylvatic and domestic cycles, these data are lacking for Serbia. To date, only a few Serbian isolates of Trichinella have been genetically specified, and all were classified as T. spiralis. Although transmission of Trichinella from domestic pigs to wildlife could be assumed, neither the infection status nor the species of Trichinella circulating among wildlife in Serbia has been investigated. This study shows the presence of two Trichinella species, T. spiralis and T. britovi, in wild animals originating from five districts in Serbia, where Trichinella infections in domestic pigs and humans have been recorded. Trichinella spiralis was detected in jackals (n = 3), red foxes (n = 2) and a wild cat (n = 1). We also established that wolves (n = 4) and red foxes (n = 2) serve as sylvatic reservoirs for T. britovi. This is the first report on the presence of T. britovi in Serbia.
Cavitation behaviours of low specyfic speed pump impellers designed according to the „tight inlet” rule
Authors: Misiewicz Andrzej , Skrzypacz Janusz 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Cavitation is well-known phenomenon which occurs in the pump and may lead to the pump damage. Thus it is very important to predict cavitation parameters, during the design of the pomp elements. There are a lot of methods to estimate cavitation factor of the pump, but these methods are true only for elements designed in the “standard way” consisted algorithms, commonly known from the literature.
This project shows the influence of large angles of the inlet of impeller on the pump cavitation performance. The cavitations characteristics were determined experimentally during the test. The cavitation factor was determined in analytical approaches. The common analytical formulas described in the professional literature were examined and the numerical methods were applied (with and without two — phases model).
The analytical results were compared with the results from the performed experiment. In this paper, the best method to determine cavitation factor for non-standard impeller geometry was proposed.
Nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol in the Gulf of Gdansk coastal zone
Authors: Staniszewska Marta , Falkowska Lucyna 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The concentrations of nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol were measured in surface waters in the Gulf of Gdansk coastal zone (summer 2010). The mean concentration in the samples of subsurface water were 34.49 ng dm−3 (nonylphenol) and 3.04 ng dm−3 (4-tert-octylphenol). The highest nonylphenol concentrations were detected in the samples of subsurface water collected from the Sea Boulevard (Gdynia) while the highest concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol were found in the yacht harbor Marina Gdynia, and in the Kacza and Gizdebka rivers. A significant enrichment (13–45 times) of 4-tert-octylphenol was observed in the surface microlayer of water. These levels exceeded the predicted no effect concentration by 2–9 times.
Conflicting Dermatome Maps: Educational and Clinical Implications
Authors: Downs Mary Beth , Laporte Cindy 
Published: June 2011

Synopsis Sensory testing is a common noninvasive method of evaluating nerve function that relies on the knowledge of skin dermatomes and sensory fields of cutaneous nerves. Research to determine the extent of the dermatomes was conducted in Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Experiments performed on cadavers, monkeys, and human patients prior to 1948 resulted in the creation of similar but somewhat different dermatome maps. A radically different map with long, swirling dermatomes was produced by Keegan and Garrett in 1948. This map was derived largely by examining compression of dorsal nerve roots by vertebral disc herniation. The maps appearing in textbooks are inconsistent. Some books show a version of the early maps, some show the Keegan and Garrett map, and others show maps that are not consistent with either. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the history of dermatome maps, including the experimental procedures by which each was obtained, and to relate the early maps to those found in textbooks commonly used in healthcare education programs. The paper discusses the significance of these maps as used for clinical diagnosis and the need for further research. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(6):427–434. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3506
Harvey Cushing and pediatric brain tumors at Johns Hopkins: the early stages of development
Authors: Pendleton Courtney , Ahn Edward S. , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: June 2011

Object
Harvey Cushing, credited with pioneering the field of neurosurgery as a distinct surgical subspecialty in the US, was at the forefront of neurooncology, publishing seminal papers on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric brain tumors during the latter part of his career. However, his contributions to the surgical treatment of these lesions during the early stages of his tenure at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, from 1896 to 1912, remain largely unknown.

Methods
After obtaining institutional review board approval, and through the courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Archives, the authors reviewed the Johns Hopkins Hospital surgical files from the years 1896 to 1912. Patients younger than 18 years of age, presenting with symptoms suspicious for an intracranial tumor, and undergoing surgical intervention by Cushing were selected for further analysis.

Results
Of the 40 pediatric patients undergoing surgery for suspected intracranial neoplasms, 26 were male. The mean age among the entire sample was 10.1 years. Cushing used three main operative approaches in the surgical treatment of pediatric intracranial neoplasms: infratentorial/suboccipital, subtemporal, and hemisphere flap. Twenty-three patients had negative findings following both the primary and subsequent surgical interventions conducted by Cushing. Postoperative conditions following the primary surgical intervention were improved in 24 patients. Twelve patients (30%) died during their inpatient stay for the primary intervention. The mean time to the last follow-up was 24.9 months; the mean time to death was 10.0 months.

Conclusions
Cushing strove to maximize exposure while minimizing blood loss in an attempt to increase his ability to successfully treat pediatric brain tumors. His early contributions to the field of pediatric neurooncology demonstrate his commitment to advancing the field of neurosurgery.
Vagal nerve stimulator infection: a lead-salvage protocol
Authors: Wozniak Susan E. , Thompson Eric M. , Selden Nathan R. 
Published: June 2011

Object
Vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) hardware infections are fraught with difficult management decisions. As with most implanted medical device–related infections, standard practice traditionally involves complete hardware removal, systemic antibiotic therapy, and subsequent reimplantation of the device. To avoid the potential morbidity of 2 repeat left carotid sheath surgical dissections, the authors have implemented a clinical protocol for managing VNS infections that involves generator removal and antibiotic therapy without lead removal.

Methods
A prospective, single-surgeon database was compared with hospital billing records to identify patients who underwent primary implantation or reimplantation of a VNS lead, generator, or both, from January 2001 to May 2010, at Oregon Health & Science University. From these records, the authors identified patients with VNS hardware infections and characterized their management, using a lead salvage protocol.

Results
In their review, the authors found a matching cohort of 206 children (age 3 months–17 years) who met the inclusion criteria. These children underwent 258 operations (including, in some children, multiple operations for generator end of life and/or lead malfunction). Six children experienced a single postimplantation infection (2.3% of the 258 operative cases), and no child experienced repeated infection. A lead-salvage protocol was used in 4 of 6 infected patients and was successful in 3 (75%), with clinical follow-up ranging from 10 months to 7.5 years. The fourth patient subsequently underwent lead removal and later reimplantation in standard fashion, with no adverse sequelae.

Conclusions
Vagal nerve stimulator lead salvage is a safe and potentially advantageous strategy in the management of VNS-related infection. Further study is necessary to validate appropriate patient selection, success rates, and risks of this approach.
Effect of molding helmet on head shape in nonsurgically treated sagittal craniosynostosis
Authors: Sood Sandeep , Rozzelle Arlene , Shaqiri Blerina , Sood Natasha , Ham Steven D. 
Published: June 2011

Object
Sagittal craniosynostosis is traditionally considered to be a surgical condition. Poor results of simple suturectomy follow from early reclosure of the suture. A wider craniectomy or use of interposing materials has not improved the outcome. However, endoscopic suturectomy supplemented with postoperative use of a molding helmet has shown good results. Because suturectomy reunites within 8–12 weeks of surgery, the authors questioned if the improved outcome was primarily related to use of the helmet.

Methods
In 4 patients whose families opted for calvarial reconstruction when the infant was 4–6 months old, instead of endoscopic suturectomy, a molding helmet was used to minimize compensatory changes in the interim. Patients underwent 3D CT scanning to confirm craniosynostosis. Follow-up visits were made at intervals of 4 weeks for adjustment of the helmet, head circumference measurements, clinical photographs, and cranial index measurement.

Results
There was significant improvement in the head shape within 6 weeks of use of the molding helmet. The cranial index score improved from a mean (± SD) of 67% ± 3% to 75% ± 2%.

Conclusions
These cases demonstrate that molding helmets improve head shape even without a suturectomy in patients with sagittal craniosynostosis, challenging the traditional view.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite primers for an invasive weed, Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae)
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zheng Xing‐Mei , Lou Anru 
Published: June 2011

• Premise of the study: We developed microsatellite primers and tested the polymorphism of seven populations of Solanum rostratum distributed throughout their range in China. These will be useful for biologists to study the mating systems and genetic diversity and differentiation of S. rostratum in its native range in Mexico and in its current distribution throughout the world.• Methods and Results: Five polymorphic microsatellites were identified for Solanum rostratum. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 8 (average = 4) for 195 individuals examined from seven populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.000 to 0.778, respectively.• Conclusions: These five markers can be used in studies examining population genetics and the mating system of Solanum rostratum to investigate its invasive mechanisms and to provide information for developing management strategies for this species.
Three-Pore Model Predictions of 24-Hour Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy Using Bimodal Solutions
Authors: Akonur Alp , Leypoldt J. Ken 
Published: June 2011

Background Recently, bimodal peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions containing low concentrations of Na have been shown to increase 24-hour ultrafiltration (UF) or UF efficiency (UF volume per gram of carbohydrate or CHO absorbed) and Na removal in high (“fast”) transport patients during automated PD therapy. We used computer simulations to compare UF efficiency and Na removal at equivalent 24-hour UF volumes using either a generic bimodal solution (2.27% glucose + 7.5% icodextrin) during the long dwell or an increase in the glucose concentration during the short dwells, with all solutions containing Na at the conventional concentration (132 mEq/L). Methods The 3-pore model has been shown to accurately predict peritoneal transport for PD solutions containing glucose or icodextrin, or both. Here, we used that model to calculate 24-hour UF volume, CHO absorption, and Na removal for high (H), high-average (HA), and low-average (LA) transport patients on automated PD. Nighttime therapy consisted of 1.36% or 2.27% glucose solution (or both), and daytime therapy consisted of either Extraneal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA) or a bimodal solution. Results As expected, addition of glucose to either the long dwell or the short dwells resulted in increased UF volume and glucose absorption. The increase in UF was a function of patient transport type (bimodal range: 288 – 490 mL; short-dwell range: 323 – 350 mL), and the increase in CHO absorption was smaller with glucose added to short dwells than with bimodal solution (range: 18 – 30 g vs. 34 – 39 g). The 24-hour UF efficiency was higher when high glucose concentrations were used during short-dwell exchanges than when a bimodal PD solution was used for the long dwell (0.6 to 1.2 mL/g vs. –0.1 to 0.5 mL/g). By contrast, Na removal was lower with the short-dwell exchanges (28.3 – 30.7 mmol vs. 36.2 – 53.3 mmol), likely because of more pronounced Na sieving. Conclusions Our modeling studies predict that generic bimodal PD solutions will provide higher Na removal but not higher 24-hour UF efficiency compared with current automated PD prescriptions using Extraneal for the long dwell and glucose-containing solutions for the short dwells. The modeling predictions from this study require clinical validation.
Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in cases of abnormal vaginal discharge: comparison of clinical and microbiological criteria
Authors: Modak Tamonud , Arora Preeti , Agnes Charan , Ray Raja , Goswami Sebanti , Ghosh Pramit , Das Nilay Kanti 
Published: June 2011

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial syndrome involving replacement of normal vaginal hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli by a variety of mycoplasmas and Gram-negative rods. Bacterial vaginosis has been conventionally diagnosed using Amsel criteria (a clinical method) or Nugent's score (a laboratory method with higher reproducibility). This study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic ability of the Amsel criteria with that of Nugent's score among patients presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Medical College in Kolkata, India to determine the prevalence of patients with bacterial vaginosis and their demographic profile. Subjects attending the outpatient department presenting with abnormal vaginal discharge were evaluated for the presence of bacterial vaginosis by Amsel criteria and Nugent's score. Results: Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 24% by Nugent's score. In comparison, Amsel criteria had sensitivity of 66.67%, specificity of 94.74%, positive predictive value of 80% and negative predictive value of 90%. There was no perfect inter-rater agreement between the Amsel criteria and Nugent's score (Kappa = 0.58). Presence of clue cells correlated best with a positive diagnosis by Nugent's score while the amine test (whiff test) had the lowest correlation. Conclusion: Although the Amsel criteria method is a convenient and inexpensive means of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis, it is not always reliable. Alternative reliable and inexpensive diagnostic methods that unify clinical and microbiological parameters, thus increasing sensitivity while retaining specificity, are needed.