bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the effects of Cry1F Bt‐maize pollen on non‐target Lepidoptera using a mathematical model of exposure
Authors: Perry Joe N. , Devos Yann , Arpaia Salvatore , Bartsch Detlef , Ehlert Christina , Gathmann Achim , Hails Rosemary S. , Hendriksen Niels B. , Kiss Jozsef , Messéan Antoine , Mestdagh Sylvie , Neemann Gerd , Nuti Marco , Sweet Jeremy B. , Tebbe Christoph C. 
Published: November 2011

Summary1. In farmland biodiversity, a potential risk to the larvae of non‐target Lepidoptera from genetically modified (GM) Bt‐maize expressing insecticidal Cry1 proteins is the ingestion of harmful amounts of pollen deposited on their host plants. A previous mathematical model of exposure quantified this risk for Cry1Ab protein. We extend this model to quantify the risk for sensitive species exposed to pollen containing Cry1F protein from maize event 1507 and to provide recommendations for management to mitigate this risk.2. A 14‐parameter mathematical model integrating small‐ and large‐scale exposure was used to estimate the larval mortality of hypothetical species with a range of sensitivities, and under a range of simulated mitigation measures consisting of non‐Bt maize strips of different widths placed around the field edge.3. The greatest source of variability in estimated mortality was species sensitivity. Before allowance for effects of large‐scale exposure, with moderate within‐crop host‐plant density and with no mitigation, estimated mortality locally was <10% for species of average sensitivity. For the worst‐case extreme sensitivity considered, estimated mortality locally was 99·6% with no mitigation, although this estimate was reduced to below 40% with mitigation of 24‐m‐wide strips of non‐Bt maize. For highly sensitive species, a 12‐m‐wide strip reduced estimated local mortality under 1·5%, when within‐crop host‐plant density was zero. Allowance for large‐scale exposure effects would reduce these estimates of local mortality by a highly variable amount, but typically of the order of 50‐fold.4. Mitigation efficacy depended critically on assumed within‐crop host‐plant density; if this could be assumed negligible, then the estimated effect of mitigation would reduce local mortality below 1% even for very highly sensitive species.5. Synthesis and applications. Mitigation measures of risks of Bt‐maize to sensitive larvae of non‐target lepidopteran species can be effective, but depend on host‐plant densities which are in turn affected by weed‐management regimes. We discuss the relevance for management of maize events where cry1F is combined (stacked) with a herbicide‐tolerance trait. This exemplifies how interactions between biota may occur when different traits are stacked irrespective of interactions between the proteins themselves and highlights the importance of accounting for crop management in the assessment of the ecological impact of GM plants.
Sedimentology, palaeoenvironments and biostratigraphy of the Pliocene–Pleistocene carbonate platform of Grande‐Terre (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles forearc)
Authors: CORNÉE JEAN‐JACQUES , LÉTICÉE JEAN‐LÈN , MÜNCH PHILIPPE , QUILLÉVÉRÉ FRÉDÉRIC , LEBRUN JEAN‐FRÉDÉRIC , MOISSETTE PIERRE , BRAGA JUAN‐CARLOS , MELINTE‐DOBRINESCU MIHAELA , DE MIN LYVANE , OUDET JULIEN , RANDRIANASOLO AURAN 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPliocene and Pleistocene deposits from Grande‐Terre (Guadeloupe archipelago, French Lesser Antilles) provide a remarkable example of an isolated carbonate system built in an active margin setting, with sedimentation controlled by both rapid sea‐level changes and tectonic movements. Based on new field, sedimentological and palaeontological analyses, these deposits have been organized into four sedimentary sequences (S1 to S4) separated by three subaerial erosion surfaces (SB0, SB1 and SB2). Sequences S1 and S2 (‘Calcaires inférieurs à rhodolithes’) deposited during the Late Zanclean to Early Gelasian (planktonic foraminiferal Zones PL2 to PL5) in low subsidence conditions, on a distally steepened ramp dipping eastward. Red algal‐rich deposits, which dominate the western part of Grande‐Terre, change to planktonic foraminifer‐rich deposits eastward. Vertical movements of tens of metres were responsible for the formation of SB0 and SB1. Sequence S3 (‘Formation volcano‐sédimentaire’, ‘Calcaires supérieurs à rhodolithes’ and ‘Calcaires à Agaricia’) was deposited during the Late Piacenzian to Early Calabrian (Zones PL5 to PT1a) on a distally steepened, red algal‐dominated ramp that changes upward into a homoclinal, coral‐dominated ramp. Deposition of Sequence S3 occurred during a eustatic cycle in quiet tectonic conditions. Its uppermost boundary, the major erosion surface SB2, is related to the Cala1 eustatic sea‐level fall. Finally, Sequence S4 (‘Calcaires à Acropora’) probably formed during the Calabrian, developing as a coral‐dominated platform during a eustatic cycle in quiet tectonic conditions. The final emergence of the island could then have occurred in Late Calabrian times.
T‐cell activation genes differentially expressed at birth in CD4+ T‐cells from children who develop IgE food allergy
Authors: Martino D. J. , Bosco A. , McKenna K. L. , Hollams E. , Mok D. , Holt P. G. , Prescott S. L. 
Published: November 2011

To cite this article: Martino DJ, Bosco A, McKenna KL, Hollams E, Mok D, Holt PG, Prescott SL. T‐cell activation genes differentially expressed at birth in CD4+ T‐cells from children who develop IgE food allergy. Allergy 2012; 67: 191–200.Abstract
Background:  Presymptomatic immaturity in neonatal T‐cell function is a consistent antecedent of allergic disease, including reduced responsiveness to polyclonal activation.
Methods:  To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we examined for differences in T‐cell gene expression in longitudinal samples collected at birth and at 1 year of age in children with (n = 30) and without IgE‐mediated food allergy (n = 30). We employed a low‐level soluble anti‐CD3 stimulus to activate the T‐cell receptor (TCR) and surveyed gene expression by DNA microarray in purified CD4+ T‐cells. Allergen‐specific responses were assessed in parallel functional studies.
Results:  At birth, the allergic group showed a reduced number of genes up regulated in response to anti‐CD3 treatment on the microarray and a reduced lympho proliferative capacity, suggesting clear differences in T‐cell signalling pathways. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) validation of candidate genes confirmed significantly lower expression of a number of genes in the allergic group including RELB, NFKB2, LIF and FAS. By 12 months of age, there were marked changes in the anti‐CD3 response in all infants, culminating in upregulation of cytokine genes (IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐17 and IL‐22). Neonatal differences were no longer apparent. Instead, the allergic group, all symptomatic by this age, showed differential expression of T‐cell lineage pathways including GATA‐3, MAL and FcER1 in unstimulated T‐cells. Allergen stimulation induced significantly higher cytokines production (IL‐5, IL‐13 and IFNγ) in the allergic group.
Conclusion:  Although transient, suboptimal neonatal T‐cell activation pathways that signal through the NF‐κB complex may affect the developmental transition of T‐cell phenotypes in the periphery shortly after birth and may increase the risk of food allergy.
Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sheng Baiyang , Wang Xinglong , Su Bo , Lee Hyoung‐gon , Casadesus Gemma , Perry George , Zhu Xiongwei 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 419–429.AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. Our prior studies demonstrated reduced mitochondrial number in susceptible hippocampal neurons in the brain from AD patients and in M17 cells over‐expressing familial AD‐causing amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutant (APPswe). In the current study, we investigated whether alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis contribute to mitochondrial abnormalities in AD. Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by the peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma‐coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α)‐nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)‐mitochondrial transcription factor A pathway. Expression levels of PGC‐1α, NRF 1, NRF 2, and mitochondrial transcription factor A were significantly decreased in both AD hippocampal tissues and APPswe M17 cells, suggesting a reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. Indeed, APPswe M17 cells demonstrated decreased mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio, correlated with reduced ATP content, and decreased cytochrome C oxidase activity. Importantly, over‐expression of PGC‐1α could completely rescue while knockdown of PGC‐1α could exacerbate impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial deficits in APPswe M17 cells, suggesting reduced mitochondrial biogenesis is likely involved in APPswe‐induced mitochondrial deficits. We further demonstrated that reduced expression of p‐CREB and PGC‐1α in APPswe M17 cells could be rescued by cAMP in a dose‐dependent manner, which could be inhibited by PKA inhibitor H89, suggesting that the PKA/CREB pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of PGC‐1α expression in APPswe M17 cells. Overall, this study demonstrated that impaired mitochondrial biogenesis likely contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in AD.
Headache Among Patients With HIV Disease: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Associations
Authors: Kirkland Kale E. , Kirkland Karl , Many Jr W. J. , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: November 2011

Background.— Headache is one of the most common medical complaints reported by individuals suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but limited and conflicting data exist regarding their prevalence, prototypical characteristics, and relationship to HIV disease variables in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Objectives.— The aims of the present cross‐sectional study were to characterize headache symptoms among patients with HIV/AIDS and to assess relations between headache and HIV/AIDS disease variables.Methods.— Two hundred HIV/AIDS patients (49% female; mean age = 43.22 ± 12.30 years; 74% African American) from an internal medicine clinic and an AIDS outreach clinic were administered a structured headache diagnostic interview to assess headache characteristics and features consistent with International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)‐II diagnostic semiologies. They also completed 2 measures of headache‐related disability. Prescribed medications, most recent cluster of differentiation (CD4) cell count, date of HIV diagnosis, possible causes of secondary headache, and other relevant medical history were obtained via review of patient medical records.Results.— One hundred seven patients (53.5%) reported headache symptoms, the large majority of which were consistent with characteristics of primary headache disorders after excluding 4 cases attributable to secondary causes. Among those who met criteria for a primary headache disorder, 88 (85.44%) met criteria for migraine, most of which fulfilled ICHD‐II appendix diagnostic criteria for chronic migraine. Fifteen patients (14.56%) met criteria for episodic or chronic tension‐type headache. Severity of HIV (as indicated by CD4 cell counts), but not duration of HIV or number of prescribed antiretroviral medications, was strongly associated with headache severity, frequency, and disability and also distinguished migraine from TTH.Conclusions.— Problematic headache is highly prevalent among patients with HIV/AIDS, most of which conform to the semiology of chronic migraine, although with some atypical features such as bilateral location and pressing/tightening quality. A low frequency of identifiable secondary causes is likely attributable to reduced frequency of opportunistic infections in the current era of HAART. Disease severity is strongly predictive of headache, highlighting the importance of physician attention to headache symptoms and of patient adherence to treatment.(Headache 2012;52:455‐466)
Cluster Headache in the United States of America: Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, Triggers, Suicidality, and Personal Burden*
Authors: Rozen Todd D. , Fishman Royce S. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.— To present results from the United States (US) Cluster Headache Survey including data on cluster headache demographics, clinical characteristics, suicidality, diagnostic delay, triggers, and personal burden.Background.— There are few large‐scale studies looking at cluster headache patients and none from the USA. This manuscript will present data from The US Cluster Headache Survey, the largest survey ever completed of cluster headache patients living in the USA.Methods.— The total survey was composed of 187 multiple‐choice questions that dealt with issues related to cluster headache including demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbid medical conditions, family history, triggers, smoking history, and personal burden. The survey was placed on a Web site from October through December 2008.Results.— A total of 1134 individuals completed the survey (816 male, 318 female). Some key highlights from the survey include the following: (1) diagnostic delay: there remains a significant diagnostic delay for cluster headache patients on average 5+ years with only 21% receiving a correct diagnosis at time of initial presentation. (2) Suicidality: suicidal ideations are substantial, occurring in 55%. (3) Eye color: the predominant eye color in cluster headache patients is brown and blue, not hazel as suggested in previous descriptions. (4) Laterality: cluster headache has a right‐sided predominance. (5) Attack profile: in US cluster headache sufferers, most attacks occur between early evening and early morning hours with peak time of headache onset between midnight and 3 am; the circadian periodicity for cluster headache is present but is not as predominant in the population as previously thought. (6) Triggers: beer is the most common type of alcohol trigger in US cluster headache patients; noted migraine triggers such as weather changes and smells are also very common cluster headache triggers. (7) Medical comorbidities: peptic ulcer disease does not have a high prevalence in US cluster headache patients as suggested by previous literature; cluster headache is associated with a low prevalence of cardiac disease as well as cerebrovascular disease even though the majority of patients are chronic heavy smokers. In US cluster headache sufferers, there appears to be comorbidity with restless leg syndrome, and this has not been demonstrated in non‐US cluster headache populations. (8) Personal burden: cluster headache is disabling to the individual as almost 20% of cluster headache patients have lost a job secondary to cluster headache, while another 8% are out of work or on disability secondary to their headaches.Conclusion.— Some findings from the US Cluster Headache Survey expound on what is currently known about cluster headache, while some of the results contradict what has been previously written, while other information is completely new about this fascinating headache disorder.
Interictal Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Binding is Increased in Female Migraine Patients
Authors: Van der Schueren Bart J. , Van Laere Koen , Gérard Nathalie , Bormans Guy , De Hoon Jan N. 
Published: November 2011

Objective.— To compare binding of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) between migraine patients and healthy volunteersBackground.— It has been suggested that endocannabinoid deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Nonetheless, biochemical studies substantiating this idea remain scarce and are faced with methodological shortcomings partly because of the difficulty to perform measurements of endocannabinoids within the central nervous system itself.Methods.— An observational cross‐sectional study was conducted in 20 female migraine patients and 18 healthy women matched for age and body mass index. Positron emission tomography acquisition was performed 90 minutes after intravenous injection of the radioligand [18F]MK‐9470 to assess binding of [18F]MK‐9470 to CB1R.Results.— Binding of CB1 R was globally increased in migraine patients vs healthy controls (average gray matter difference +16%; P = .009, 2‐sample 2‐sided Student's t‐test). There were no correlations between CB1R binding and any predefined migraine characteristics. Increases in CB1R binding were most pronounced in the anterior cingulate, mesial temporal, prefrontal, and superior frontal cortices.Conclusion.— The increased interictal CB1R binding, especially in brain regions that exert top‐down influences to modulate pain, supports the idea that endocannibinoid deficiency is present in female patients suffering from episodic migraine.(Headache 2012;52:433‐440)
Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Replacement Infections and Prevention: Results from the REPLACE Registry
Authors: USLAN DANIEL Z. , GLEVA MARYE J. , WARREN DAVID K. , MELA THEOFANIE , CHUNG MINA K. , GOTTIPATY VENKATESHWAR , BORGE RICHARD , DAN DAN , SHINN TIMOTHY , MITCHELL KEVIN , HOLCOMB RICHARD G. , POOLE JEANNE E. 
Published: November 2011

Background:
Infection following cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) replacement is a serious complication, and rates of infection have increased. Analysis of procedural and clinical data from device replacement procedures collected by the REPLACE Registry may provide insights into infection prevention strategies and outcomes.
Methods:
We prospectively evaluated procedural complications in patients undergoing CIED replacement over 6 months from 72 U.S. sites. Major and minor infections were predefined and adjudicated by an independent blinded clinical events committee. Data regarding infection prevention strategies and infectious outcomes were analyzed for their potential relationships.
Results:
A total of 1,744 patients were included in REPLACE. All patients received preoperative intravenous antibiotics and 68.7% received postoperative systemic antibiotic therapy. CIED infection developed in 22 patients (1.3%), of which 14 cases were major (0.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4%–1.3%) and eight were minor (0.5%, 95% CI 0.2%–0.9%). Patients with infections were more likely to have had postoperative hematomas (five of 22 [22.7%] vs 17 of 1,722 [0.98%], P = 0.002). Participating sites experiencing infection rates >5% were more likely to use povidone‐iodine for topical antisepsis, had lower implantation volume, and had patients with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (2.79 vs 2.32, 95% CI for difference 0.08–0.86, P = 0.019).
Conclusions:
In this multicenter prospective study with 6 months of follow‐up, infections associated with CIED replacements were surprisingly infrequent, possibly due to the use of preoperative antibiotics. Patients with infections were more likely to have had a postoperative hematoma, and sites with higher infection rates had sicker patients and lower overall procedural volume. (PACE 2012; 35:81–87)
Relation of High‐Pass Filtered Unipolar Electrograms to Bipolar Electrograms during Ventricular Mapping
Authors: INADA KEIICHI , TOKUDA MICHIFUMI , ROBERTS‐THOMSON KURT C. , STEVEN DANIEL , SEILER JENS , TEDROW USHA B. , STEVENSON WILLIAM G. 
Published: November 2011

Background
: A filtered bipolar electrogram (EG) amplitude <1.5 mV is a robust indicator of relatively dense scar, but is influenced by the wavefront direction. Unipolar recordings are not subject to directional influence. We hypothesized that high‐pass filtered unipolar EGs would provide similar information to bipolar EGs, without potential errors related to wavefront direction.
Methods
: Simultaneous bipolar filtered at 30–500 Hz and unipolar (high‐pass filtered at 30 Hz) signals were recorded during ventricular voltage maps in 24 patients (group A). In five subsequent patients, low voltage surface areas were compared in electroanatomic maps (group B).
Results
: Of 2,789 mapping points in group A, filtered unipolar EG amplitude correlated well with bipolar EG amplitude. Agreement of filtered unipolar recordings in classifying sites as >1.5 mV or <1.5 mV with bipolar EG amplitude was 83%. Discordance was due to unipolar > bipolar amplitude at 83% of the discordant sites, consistent with possible reduction of bipolar amplitude due to direction dependence. Discordance was more frequent during epicardial than endocardial mapping. Double potentials were more frequently observed in bipolar than in unipolar recordings (3.2% vs 1.8%, P < 0.0001). In group B, the mean low‐voltage surface area (<1.5 mV) was 70.1 ± 48.9 cm2 for bipolar and 61.3 ± 52.2 cm2 for filtered unipolar EG maps.
Conclusion
: Direction dependent effects on bipolar EG amplitude may influence the identification of substrate for arrhythmias. High‐pass filtered unipolar EGs might be a reasonable alternative to bipolar recordings for creation of voltage maps. (PACE 2012; 35:157–163)
Anti‐angiogenic Therapy: Concept to Clinic
Authors: YOUNG ROBIN J. , REED MALCOLM W.R. 
Published: November 2011

Please cite this paper as: Young RJ and Reed MWR. Anti‐angiogenic Therapy: Concept to Clinic. Microcirculation 19: 115–125, 2012.AbstractIt has been 40 years since Folkman hypothesized the use of anti‐angiogenic therapy as a strategy in the treatment of cancer. Since then, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as the most potent cytokine to induce angiogenesis and drugs targeting VEGF, principally the humanized monoclonal antibody bevacizumab and the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib, have proven therapeutic benefit. The initial high expectations of tumor vascular targeting agents, however, have yet to be fulfilled. In unselected patient populations, the benefits of these agents is often marginal, they cause harmful side effects, and drug resistance is quickly established. Biomarkers to identify patients suitable for anti‐angiogenic therapy will be key to the future development of these drugs.
A histopathological score on baseline biopsies from elderly donors predicts outcome 1 year after renal transplantation
Authors: TOFT BIRGITTE G. , FEDERSPIEL BIRGITTE H. , SØRENSEN SØREN S. , BAGI PER , NIELSEN HENNING B. , ANDERSEN CLAUS B. 
Published: November 2011

Toft BG, Federspiel BH, Sørensen SS, Bagi P, Nielsen HB, Andersen CB. A histopathological score on baseline biopsies from elderly donors predicts outcome 1 year after renal transplantation. APMIS 2012; 120: 182–6.Kidneys from elderly deceased patients and otherwise marginal donors may be considered for transplantation and a pretransplantation histopathological score for prediction of postoperative outcome is warranted. In a retrospective design, 29 baseline renal needle biopsies from elderly deceased donors (age: 63 ± 4 years; mean ± SD) were evaluated independently by three pathologists and with ten or more glomeruli and one artery present the biopsy was histopathologically scored (numeric score: 0–12) according to the presence of glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and increased wall thickness of arteries and/or arterioles. Nineteen renal baseline biopsies from 15 donors (age: 64 ± 10 years) were included and following consensus the histopathological score was 4.3 ± 2.1 (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.81; confidence interval: 0.66–0.92). The donor organs were used for single renal transplantation (recipient age: 47 ± 3 years). Two grafts were lost after the transplantation. In the remaining 17 recipients the 1‐year creatinine clearance (54 ± 6 mL/min) correlated to the baseline histopathological score (r2 = 0.59; p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that in elderly Danish donors a histopathological score on baseline renal needle biopsies, with at least ten glomeruli and one artery present, predicts graft function 1 year after transplantation.