bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphenolic compounds reduce inflammation in ARPE‐19 cells
Authors: HäNLER M , SUURONEN T , SALMINEN A , KAARNIRANTA K , KAUPPINEN A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness among the elderly in western countries. Currently, the majority of AMD patients are out of any treatment modalities. In the aging eye, a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the development of inflammation which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Several fruits, berries, and vegetables contain polyphenolic compounds which have shown to possess anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we have examined the influence of quercetin, fisetin, and luteolin on the inflammatory response in ARPE‐19 cells.Methods In order to induce inflammatory response, the cells were exposed to the lipid peroxidation end product 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE). Polyphenols were added concurrently with HNE, or one hour before or one hour after the exposure of the cells to HNE.Results Our results show that the addition of polyphenols significantly decreased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8. Moreover, the compounds decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme to the culture medium. This implies that the polyphenols are able to help the cell to maintain the integrity of its cellular membrane under stressful conditions.Conclusion Our present results indicate that plant‐derived polyphenols are effective in reducing the inflammatory response in ARPE‐19 cells, and could be useful in the therapy of AMD.
Baseline predictive factors of visual prognosis in acute bacterial postcataract endophthalmitis
Authors: CHIQUET C , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C , COMBEY A , CORNUT PL , CAMPOLMI N , ROMANET JP , BRON A , GAIN P , MAURIN M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To identify baseline clinical factors of visual prognosis in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.Methods 99 patients of four academic hospitals (FRIENDS group). Factors were analyzed based on the final visual outcome, defined as poor (<20/100) or good (≥20/40) using univariate and multivariate analysisResults Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high bacterial virulence was the only independent factor (odds ratio [OR]= 14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7–71, p=0.001) for poor visual outcome. On the other hand, low bacterial virulence (OR=0.1 95%CI: 0.03–0.6, p=0.01) and the absence of complications (OR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.01–0.4, p=0.003) during cataract surgery were independent factors for good VA.Conclusion Visual outcome factors in acute postcataract endophthalmitis identified in this prospective study (2004–2007) were similar to those reported by the EVS 10 years ago. The bacterial virulence level was the main predictive factor of final visual prognosis. This emphasizes the need for rapid bacterial identification and characterization using new biomolecular tools.
Effect of tocilizumab for uveitis accompanied with Castleman disease
Authors: TOBE A , OSHITARI T , YAMAMOTO S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Although multicentric Castleman disease is a rare but life‐threatening disease, eye complications are extremely uncommon. We present a case of refractory uveitis accompanied with Castleman disease successfully treated with tocilizmab.Methods A 58‐year‐old man with Castleman disease was introduced for refractory uveitis to Chiba University Hospital. Large cells were detected in the anterior chamber and increased vascular permeability of retinal vessels has been found in both eyes. Although the patient was treated with oral and eye drop steroid treatment, the uveitis symptoms had not decreased. The serum levels of CRP and IL‐6 were increased. The level of IL‐6 concentration in the anterior chamber was the same as the serum level of IL‐6. The humanized anti‐IL‐6 receptor‐antibody (tocilizumab: 8 mg/kg per two weeks) was administrated for the patient because of poor general condition. The effect of tocilizumab was evaluated with routine ophthalmological examinations, fluorescein angiography (FA), Glodmann perimetry, and OCT.Results After tocilizmab treatment, large cells in the anterior chamber were undetectable and vascular permeability was improved in FA. The serum levels of CRP and IL‐6 decreased and the general condition improved. The side effect of tocilizumab was not observed during the treatment.Conclusion Tocilizumab treatment was significantly effective for uveitis accompanied with Castleman disease. Although it is extremely rare, uveitis accompanied with Castleman disease may reflect poor general condition in patients with Castleman disease, and it may be one of the hallmarks to consider tocilizumab treatment.
Augmentation of the ocular penetration of dexamethasone with β‐blocker and α‐agonist co‐administration
Authors: ELENA P , SENSEBY F , BERMON F , CHARFEDDINE R , REKIK R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose This study evaluated the ocular penetration of the radiolabelled corticosteroid 3H‐dexamethasone after topical administrations of the β‐blocker Ophtim®(0.5% timolol) and the α‐agonist Iopidine®(1% apraclonidine) alone or in combination in pigmented rabbits.Methods Animals were randomized in 4 treatment groups : Ophtim® or Iopidine®, or both of them, or NaCl 0.9%, first in 3 3‐min apart topical administrations of 30 µL, followed by a single 30 µL instillation of 3H‐dexamethasone (5 µCi), in both eyes and then in a single instillation every 2 hours, each also followed by a single instillation of 3H‐dexamethasone. At 1, 2 and 8 hours after the first instillation, animals were euthanized and the aqueous humor, vitreous, retina and choroid were taken to determine 3H‐dexamethasone concentrations with a liquid scintillation counter.Results 3H‐dexamethasone was detected in all tested ocular matrices, regardless of the pre‐treatment. The 3H‐dexamethasone concentrations tended to moderately increase in ocular tissues from animals pre‐treated with either Ophtim® or Iopidine®. However, the preliminary topical administration of Ophtim® associated to Iopidine® resulted in a significant increase in the 3H‐dexamethasone concentrations in sampled ocular tissues, including a nearly 3‐fold increase in aqueous humor, compared with NaCl 0.9%.Conclusion In conclusion, the association of the β‐blocker Ophtim® with the α‐agonist Iopidine® in multiples instillations prior to 3H‐dexamethasone instillation increased the ocular penetration of the radiolabelled corticosteroid.
Commercial interest
Retinal vessel reactivity after cigarette smoking
Authors: CUBBIDGE R , SUMMERS RJ , HEITMAR R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the acute impact of cigarette smoking on retinal vessel reactivity during flicker light provocation.Methods 12 otherwise healthy smokers (mean age 28 (SD 5) years) underwent non‐contact tonometry (Keeler Pulsair, UK), manual shygomanometry and continuous retinal vessel diameter measurements using flicker light provocation (RVA, ImedosSystems, Germany) at baseline and after smoking one cigarette. Smokers had regularly smoked for at least 6 months. For retinal vessel diameter measurements we used a standard protocol with 50 sec baseline diameter recording followed by 3 cycles of 20 sec flicker and 80 sec recovery.Results Immediately after smoking systolic, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly (SBP: 112 (13)mmHg to 124 (11)mmHg, p=0.0001; DBP: 69 (10)mmHg to 78 (8)mmHg, p<0.0001; HR: 73 (11)bpm to 83 (10)bpm, p=0.009). However, intra ocular pressure as well as arteriolar and venular diameter were unchanged (IOP: 15 (3)mmHg to 15 (3)mmHg, p=0.633, arteriolar diameter: 126 (15)au to 125 (15)au, p=0.416; venular diameter: 163 (16)au to 167 (15)au, p=0.329). Area under the curve results revealed no effect of acute smoking (arterial: AUC(FL) at baseline 61 (57) and post‐smoking 60 (34), p=0.923; AUC(Cess) at baseline ‐22 (38) and post‐smoking ‐11 (49), p=0,309; venous: AUC(FL) at baseline 54 (56) and post‐smoking 65 (29), p=0.322; AUC(Cess) at baseline 51 (36) and post‐smoking 50 (26), p=0.976).Conclusion The acute effect of a single cigarette did not have an effect on dynamic retinal vessel dilation to flicker light stimulation in cigarette smokers arterioles and veins
Aqueous erythropoietin level in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: SHIN HJ , LEE SH 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate the aqueous level of erythropoietin (EPO) and associated factors in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Methods The aqueous EPO level was measured prospectively with chemiluminescent immunoassay in consecutive patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to branched retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Aqueous fluid of cataract patients served as control. Patients taking anti‐hypertensive medication with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, prior intraocular surgery or injection of steroid or antiangiogenic factors, or longstanding (3> months) BRVO or CRVO were excluded. We also evaluated whether aqueous EPO was associated with factors such as serum EPO concentration, non‐perfusion area, and arterio‐venous (AV) transit time, and central macular thickness (CMT).Results Aqueous level of EPO was higher in RVO (27 eyes; BRVO 16 eyes/CRVO 11 eyes) than in control subjects (RVO, 68.1 [19.8‐190] mU/ml vs. control, 12.9 [5.4‐24.4] mU/ml, P<0.001). More specifically, aqueous EPO was higher in CRVO than in BRVO (CRVO, 118.9 [31.8‐190] mU/ml vs. 33.3 [19.8‐62.5] mU/ml, P<0.001). However, no differences were found in serum levels of EPO among controls, BRVO, and CRVO groups (CRVO, 11.1mU/ml[5.4‐16.4] vs. BRVO, 10.0mU/ml[6.7‐16] vs. control, 9.2mU/ml[5.7‐11.2], P=0.091). CMT in RVO patients had positive correlation with the aqueous level of EPO in RVO (P=0.003). Also, in terms of non‐perfusion area, there was a significant difference in the aqueous level of EPO between ischemic and non‐ischemic subtypes of CRVO (ischemic, 172 [156‐190] mU/ml vs. non‐ischemic, 83.6 [56.3‐142.5] mU/ml, P=0.0027).Conclusion In RVO, aqueous levels of EPO are elevated and could be associated with retinal ischemia and ME
Structural changes of the cornea in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis (Hurler‐ Scheie) in confocal microscopy images
Authors: WYLEGALA E , SMEDOWSKI A , TARNAWSKA D , WOJCIK L , JANISZEWSKA D , PUZOLLO D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the characteristic structural corneal changes in a 22 years old patient with Hurler Scheie syndrome using confocal microscopy in vivo.Methods The study was conducted in 22 year old man with Hurler syndrome. The patient presents typical phenotype of this syndrome. Additionally the symptoms reduced by enzymatic treatment confirms the diagnosis of disease. Slit lamp examination, corneal scans using the Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam, OCULUS) and corneal confocal microscopy in vivo (Rostock Cornea Module, Heidelberg Engineering Retina Tomograph III) were performed.Results In all performed examinations the edema and loss of transparency of the cornea have been documented, but the characteristic structural changes were only demonstrated in in vivo confocal microscopy images. Abnormalities in microscopic images were described in all layers of the cornea. The tear film was found containing numerous non‐characteristic inclusions, as well as in the epithelial layer. The most common change was found in front part of corneal stroma ‐ a system of highly hyperreflected, stimulated, vacuolisated keratocytes of "honeycomb‐like" structure and a very sparse amount of stromal matrix. Posterior stroma appeared non‐characteristic hazes, presence of scarring and corrugations up to Descemet’s membrane. Due to the thickness of the cornea more than 1000 microns, it was impossible to image the endothelium.Conclusion Corneal confocal microscopy in vivo, is a useful tool in the diagnosis of corneal opacities in the course of MPS Hurler. By characteristic structural features, it can be used for confirming the diagnosis.
The mitotic index in secondary enucleated eyes of previously treated uveal melanoma patients
Authors: BAKALIAN S , CASSOUX N , LEVY C , LUMBROSO‐LE ROUIC L , DESJARDINS L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference of mitotic activity in secondary enucleated uveal melanoma cases in two different groups of patients who have been treated previously with conservative therapy.Methods We evaluated two groups of patients. The first group consisted from treated uveal melanoma patients who developed a blind painful eye due to end stage of vascular glaucoma, while the second group consisted from uveal melanoma patients who developed a recurrence of uveal melanoma in the same eye after several years. Moreover, we assessed the relationship of the mitotic activity with the other clinicopathological features of the enucleated eyes of the two groups of uveal melanoma patients. We also, recorded and analysed the data including the age of the patients, the size of the tumor, the location, the cell type, and the treatment modality and correlated with the survival rate.Results Our results showed that there was a significant difference in the mitotic activity between the two groups of patients. The mitotic index was higher in the enucleated eyes of uveal melanoma patients who developed a recurrence at the same eye as opposed to the enucleated eyes of uveal melanoma patients due to other reasons such as vascular glaucoma and blind painful eye. The mitotic activity was almost absent in the majority of enucleated uveal melanoma cases due to vascular glaucoma.Conclusion To the best of our knowledge this is the first report that evaluates the mitotic index in secondary enucleated eyes of uveal melanoma patients.
Peripapillary changes detected by SD OCT in eyes with high myopia
Authors: CHEBIL A , BEN ACHOUR B , BOULADI M , KORT F , MGHAIETH F , EL MATRI L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate the morphologic alterations around the optic disc by SD‐OCT with high myopiaMethods One hundred eyes (54 patients) with high myopia (>‐6.00 diopters) were included. The participants had ophthalmologic examinations including stereoscopic fundus observations, OCT examinations. For OCT, multiple horizontal and vertical and cercle scans were obtained around the optic disc and fovea in each patient.Results Patients were mean age 43.2+/‐9.4 years, with a spherical‐equivalent refractive error of ‐11.26+/‐4.85 D and mean axial length of 27.65+/‐1.82 mm. A peripapillary detachment was detected by OCT in 8 eyes (8%) as a hyporeflective space intrachoroidally and subretinally. It was also observed within the tissue posterior to the conus in eyes without the typical ophthalmoscopic yellow‐orange lesions. Microfolds in the retinal vessels were detected at the conus edge in 40 of the highly myopic eyes (40%), and 10 of these eyes had paravascular cysts (10%). A retinoschisis was present at the site of the retinal vessels in 10 eyes (10%).Conclusion The SD OCT examinations demonstrated different types of peripapillary changes in highly myopic eyes. It is important to detect these peripapillary changes especially peripapillary detachment by OCT to be able to predict the later development of visually disabling conditions.
Subfoveal choroidal thickness in Caucasians
Authors: STEINMETZ P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Purpose: To examine the normal thickness of the subfoveal choroid and associated factors.Methods Methods: Patients without any macular or optic nerve disease and attending the clinic for cataract surgery underwent biometry and enhanced depth imaging of the deep retinal and choroidal layers by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT, Spectralis).Results Results: The study included 47 patients (24 women) with a mean age of 73.4 ± 7.3 years (range: 57.1 – 87.4 years) and mean axial length of 23.56 ± 0.88 mm (range: 21.65 – 25.47mm). In multivariate analysis, mean choroidal thickness (253 ± 103µm; mean: 241µm; range: 94‐573µm) decreased significantly with longer axial length (non‐standardized correlation coefficient B: ‐0.46; standardized correlation coefficient ß= ‐0.39; P =0.006) and older age (B: ‐4.4; ß= ‐0.31; P=0.03).Conclusion Conclusions: Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness in elderly Caucasians was 253 ± 103µm. For each mm increase in axial length, and for each increase in year of age, subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased by 46µm and 4.4µm, respectively. These data are almost identical with those measured for Chinese in the Beijing Eye Study (mean thickness: 254±107μm; decrease in choroidal thickness by 45μm and 4.1μm for each mm increase in axial length and each year increase in year of age, resp.)
Automated measurement of retinal vascular caliber and arteriovenous ratio in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy
Authors: LEE DW , BAE JH , JANG HJ , KIM JM , CHOI CY 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the retinal vascular caliber and arteriovenous ratio (AVR) in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes without retinopathy. Digital fundus photographs of the right eye were selected for measurement. The caliber of all retinal vessels passing through an area 0.5 to 1 disc diameter around the optic disc was measured using automated computer software (Zeiss AV ratio). Seventy seven age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects were included in the study as a control.Results The mean AVR was 0.801 ± 0.068 in the diabetic patients compared to 0.762 ± 0.054 in the control group (P < 0.001). Higher AVR was significantly associated with increasing blood HbA1c levels (r2 = 0.106, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant correlation between AVR and body mass index (P = 0.478).Conclusion The rise in AVR seems to be an early feature of retinal vascular caliber in type 2 diabetes and correlates with an elevated blood HbA1c level.
Cataract surgery and the dexamethasone drug delivery system for the treatment of retinal venous occlusion
Authors: EGEA ESTOPINAN C , FERNANDEZ‐PEREZ S , HERRERO R , GARCIA‐MARTIN E , DE LA MATA G , SATUE M , BAMBO MP , ARA M , FERNANDEZ‐LARRIPA S , FERRERAS A , ABECIA E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report our case report with sustained‐release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) in retinal vein occlusion with macular edemaMethods A 81‐years old male patient with recent retinal vein occlusion with macular edema treated with sustained‐release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant and cataract surgery was performed. On initial examination, the right best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0,1. Right fundoscopy revealed retinal hemorrhage in the superior quadrant of the retina. The fluorescein retinal angiography showed a delay of filling time and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD‐OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) showed macular edema 485 μmResults The patient was treated with two dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant and cataract surgery in one year. During the first six months after implant the right BCVA was 0,4 and OCT: 294 μm. At six months the macular edema increased 335 μm and we treated with the second implant, the macular edema improved 280μm but not the BCVA and we realized cataract surgery and BCVA was improved to 0.5.Conclusion The dexamethasone drug delivery system is one of the most recent additions to the armamentarium against macular edema, and is intriguing for its potency, dose consistency, potential for extended duration of action, and favorable safety profile but can accelerate cataract surgery.In patients with macular edema in retinal vein occlusion, sustained‐release dexamethasone 0.7 mg intravitreal implant may be an effective treatment option to control macular edema
Effects of arteriolar constriction on retinal gene expression and müller cells in an experimental retinal vein occlusion
Authors: KOEFERL P , BRINGMANN A , WIEDEMANN P , REHAK M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate the effect of the laser‐induced arteriolar constriction (AC) on branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) induced Müller cell responses and alterations in gene expression of factors implicated in the development of edema.Methods In Brown‐Norway rats the BRVO was induced by laser photocoagulation of the veins in one half of the retina. AC of the afferent arterioles was performed 30 minutes later. The expression of Vegfa, Vegfb, Pedf, Kir4.1, Aqp4, Aqp1, Il1ß, and Il6 was determined with RT‐PCR in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after 1, 3 and 7 days. Potassium currents were recorded in Müller cells 3 days after BRVO. Immunostaining against GFAP, Aqp4 and Kir4.1 was performed on day 1 and 3.Results BRVO resulted in the neuroretinal transient upregulation of Vegfa on day 1. The expression of the Kir4.1, Aqp4, and Aqp1 channels were downregulated, and Il1ß and Il6 strongly upregulated, on day 1 and 3. The retinal distribution of GFAP and Aqp4 proteins remained unaltered, while the Kir4.1 protein displayed redistribution from a polarized to a uniform retinal distribution. Müller cells showed cellular hypertrophy and a decrease in potassium currents. AC accelerated the restoration of downregulated Kir4.1, Aqp4, and Aqp1 in the RPE, of Kir4.1 in the neuroretina and of upregulated Il6 in the neuroretina. AC did not influence the gliotic alterations of Müller cells and the redistribution of Kir4.1 protein.Conclusion The constriction of the afferent artery in the BRVO region had only marginal effect on the BRVO‐evoked alterations in retinal gene expression.
AMD atrophic areas. Characteristics, evolution study, and its interest. 3 years follow‐up
Authors: GONZALEZ C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the characteristics of AMD atrophic areas, their change, evolution and incidence or no of neovascular complication.Methods 134 eyes of 108 patients, 32 men, 76 women, with AMD Atrophic areas. Atrophic areas were evaluated by autofluorescence imaging Spectralis HRA +OCT (in particular with region finder software), OCT (notably choriocapillary depth), FA, ICG. We evaluate the size, characteristics, topography of the lesions, their growth way. The areas themselves, their edge and rim were considered and evaluated. Each element was studied, compared cut to cut and time to time to itself and to each other data, every 4 months. The impact of AMD and /or Neovascular complication on the evolution of atrophic areas is also valuate.Results VA impaired in 24% cases, stabilized in 76%. AF imaging and their region finder analyze were the main elements of the atrophic lesions’ study. The surface of the atrophic area grows by 14%, the edge changes in 20%, the rim increases 15% in 30% cases, with ZAC spared in 87%. Atrophy extension preferred nasal side, confluence in 65% when multiple areas. At OCT,thickness of photoreceptor, pigment epithelium layer diminished at area and edge. Choriocapillary depth values, FA and ICG data were mainly significative in the large atrophic areas and less than AF indications. Neovascular complication has few effects on atrophic areas evolution.Conclusion The study of atrophic process and its progression is a main question in AMD, its follow –up, its evolution, its increase. It also allows the evaluation of Neovascular complication impact. Atrophic areas are of main importance to AMD, either no or neovascular.