bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Natural Silk Fibroin Protein‐Based Transparent Bio‐Memristor
Authors: Hota Mrinal K. , Bera Milan K. , Kundu Banani , Kundu Subhas C. , Maiti Chinmay K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe recent discovery of nanoelectronics memristor devices has opened up a new wave of enthusiasm and optimism in revolutionizing electronic circuit design, marking the beginning of new era for the advancement of neuromorphic, high‐density logic and memory applications. Here a highly non‐linear dynamic response of a bio‐memristor is demonstrated using natural silk cocoon fibroin protein of silkworm, Bombyx mori. A film that is transparent across most of the visible spectrum is obtained with the electronic‐grade silk fibroin aqueous solution of ca. 2% (wt/v). Bipolar memristive switching is demonstrated; the switching mechanism is confirmed to be the filamentary switching as observed by probing local conduction behavior at nanoscale using scanning tunneling microscopy. The memristive transition is elucidated by a physical model based on the carrier trapping or detrapping in silk fibroin films and this appears to be due to oxidation and reduction procedures, as evidenced from cyclic voltammetry measurements. Hence, silk fibroin protein could be used as a biomaterial for bio‐memristor devices for applications in advanced bio‐inspired very large scale integration circuit design as well as in biologically inspired synapse links for energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing.
Surface‐Confined Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Sacrificial Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres for Preparing Mesoporous Polymer/Carbon Nanospheres with Faithful Shape Replication: Functional Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Banerjee Sanjib , Paira Tapas K. , Kotal Atanu , Mandal Tarun K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA facile approach for the preparation of mesoporous polymer nanospheres (MPN) and mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCN) with complete shape retention based on surface‐confined atom transfer radical polymerization of various methacrylate monomers from in situ generated initiator‐modified hard silica nanospheres template is developed. This approach yields mesoporous silica‐polymer hybrid nanospheres (MSPN) with mesopores that are uniformly filled with covalently attached well‐defined poly(methacrylate)s. The silica frameworks are subsequently etched, resulting in MPN. Pyrolysis of MSPN and subsequent removal of silica template resulted in the production of MCN. They retain the size, shape, and mesoporous ordering of the silica template nanospheres. Gel permeation chromatography analysis of the silica free polymers reveals that they have controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities (PDIs). Kinetics studies reveal that the molecular weight of the grafted polymer increases linearly with time, maintaining low PDIs, indicating the living nature of the polymerization. The mesoporous polymer material is found to have low dielectric constant, which paves the way for their use as low‐dielectric constant materials in microelectronics. This approach allows fabrication of functional MPN using functional comonomers, which are successfully used for the synthesis of “clickable” mesoporous polymer nanospheres, removal of ionic contaminates through anion exchange, and glucose sensing.
Linewidth‐Optimized Extraordinary Optical Transmission in Water with Template‐Stripped Metallic Nanohole Arrays
Authors: Lee Si Hoon , Johnson Timothy W. , Lindquist Nathan C. , Im Hyungsoon , Norris David J. , Oh Sang‐Hyun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe experimental observation of unusually sharp plasmon resonance peaks in periodic Ag nanohole arrays made using template stripping is reported. The extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) peak associated with the surface plasmon polaritons at the smooth Ag‐water interface shows a well‐defined Fano‐type profile with a linewidth below 10 nm at a wavelength of around 700 nm. Notably, this sharp and intense radiant peak (Q factor of 71) is obtained at visible frequencies in water and at normally incident illumination. This is accomplished by obtaining high‐quality Ag surfaces with a roughness below 1 nm, which reduces the imaginary component of the Ag dielectric function that is associated with material damping, as well as shrinking the nanohole radius to decrease radiative damping of plasmons. The localized spectral response of the radiant plasmon peak is characterized using the nanohole array in water in a layer‐by‐layer fashion via sequential atomic layer deposition of Al2O3. Because the ultrasharp EOT peak is obtained with excellent uniformity over a centimeter‐sized area from the metallic nanohole array in water, these template‐stripped nanohole arrays will benefit many practical applications based on EOT.
pH‐Responsive Peptide Mimic Shell Cross‐Linked Magnetic Nanocarriers for Combination Therapy
Authors: Barick Kanhu C. , Singh Sarika , Jadhav Neena V. , Bahadur Dhirendra , Pandey Badri N. , Hassan Puthusserickal A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe design and development of water dispersible, pH responsive peptide mimic shell cross‐linked magnetic nanocarriers (PMNCs) using a facile soft‐chemical approach is reported. These nanocarriers have an average size about 10 nm, are resistant to protein adsorption in physiological medium, and transform from a negatively charged to a positively charged form in the acidic environment. The terminal amino acid on the shell of the magnetic nanocarriers allows us to create functionalized exteriors with high densities of organic moieties (both amine and carboxyl) for conjugation of drug molecules. The drug‐loading efficiency of the nanocarriers is investigated using doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a model drug to evaluate their potential as a carrier system. Results show high loading affinity of nanocarriers for anticancer drug, their sustained release profile, magnetic‐field‐induced heating, and substantial cellular internalization. Moreover, the enhanced toxicity to tumor cells by DOX‐loaded PMNCs (DOX‐PMNCs) under an AC magntic field suggest their potential for combination therapy involving hyperthermia and chemotherapy.
Heat Dissipation of Transparent Graphene Defoggers
Authors: Bae Jung Jun , Lim Seong Chu , Han Gang Hee , Jo Young Woo , Doung Dinh Loc , Kim Eun Sung , Chae Seung Jin , Huy Ta Quang , Van Luan Nguyen , Lee Young Hee 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn spite of recent successful demonstrations of flexible and transparent graphene heaters, the underlying heat‐transfer mechanism is not understood due to the complexity of the heating system. Here, graphene/glass defoggers are fabricated and the dynamic response of the temperature as a function of input electrical power is measured. The graphene/glass defoggers reveal shorter response times than Cr/glass defoggers. Furthermore, the saturated temperature of the graphene/glass defoggers is higher than for Cr/glass defoggers at a given input electrical power. The observed dynamic response to temperature is well‐fitted to the power‐balance model. The response time of graphene/glass defogger is shorter by 44% than that of the Cr/glass defogger. The convective heat‐transfer coefficient of graphene is 12.4 × 10−4 W cm−2 °C−1, similar to that of glass (11.1 × 10−4 W cm−2 °C−1) but smaller than that of chromium (17.1 × 10−4 W cm−2 °C−1). The graphene‐based system reveals the lowest convective heat‐transfer coefficient due to its ideal flat surface compared to its counterparts of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO)‐based systems.
Gel Electrolyte Derived from Poly(ethylene glycol) Blending Poly(acrylonitrile) Applicable to Roll‐to‐Roll Assembly of Electric Double Layer Capacitors
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Wei , Wu Ching‐An , Hou Sheng‐Shu , Kuo Ping‐Lin , Hsieh Chien‐Te , Teng Hsisheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of a gelled polymer electrolyte (GPE) using poly(ethylene glycol) blending poly(acrylonitrile) (i.e., PAN‐b‐PEG‐b‐PAN) as a host, dimethyl formamide (DMF) as a plasticizer and LiClO4 as an electrolytic salt for electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) is reported. The PAN‐b‐PEG‐b‐PAN copolymer in the GPE has a linear configuration for high ionic conductivity and excellent compatibility with carbon electrodes. When assembling the GPE in a carbon‐based symmetric EDLC, the copolymer network facilitates ion motion by reducing the equivalent series resistance and Warburg resistance of the capacitor. This symmetric cell has a capacitance value of 101 F g−1 at 0.125 A g−1 and can deliver an energy level of 11.5 Wh kg−1 at a high power of 10 000 W kg−1 over a voltage window of 2.1 V. This cell shows superior stability, with little decay of specific capacitance after 30 000 galvanostatic charge‐discharge cycles. The distinctive merit of the GPE film is its adjustable mechanical integrity, which makes the roll‐to‐roll assembly of GPE‐based EDLCs readily scalable to industrial levels.
Morphing Soft Magnetic Composites
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Quang , Ahmed Anansa S. , Ramanujan Raju V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMagnet filler–polymer matrix composites (Magpol) are an emerging class of morphing materials. Applications of Magpol can include artificial muscles, drug delivery, adaptive optics and self healing structures. Advantages of Magpol include remote contactless actuation, several actuation modes, high actuation strain and strain rate, self‐sensing and quick response. The actuation modes of Magpol, its dynamic properties, work output and transduction characteristics are described. Analogies between Magpol actuation and phase transformations are presented. As an illustration of Magpol actuation, a proof of concept artificial muscle is presented. Current applications and future prospects are described.
Engineering the Electronic Structure of Graphene
Authors: Zhan Da , Yan Jiaxu , Lai Linfei , Ni Zhenhua , Liu Lei , Shen Zexiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGraphene exhibits many unique electronic properties owing to its linear dispersive electronic band structure around the Dirac point, making it one of the most studied materials in the last 5‐6 years. However, for many applications of graphene, further tuning its electronic band structure is necessary and has been extensively studied ever since graphene was first isolated experimentally. Here we review the major progresses made in electronic structure engineering of graphene, namely by electric and magnetic fields, chemical intercalation and adsorption, stacking geometry, edge‐chirality, defects, as well as strain.
Engineering Plasmonic Gold Nanostructures and Metamaterials for Biosensing and Nanomedicine
Authors: Jin Yongdong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe fields of biosensing and nanomedicine have recently witnessed an explosion of interest and progress in the design and study of plasmonic Au nanostructures (p‐AuNSs) or metamaterials geared towards a broad range of biological and biomedical applications. Due to their tunable and versatile plasmonic properties, such artificially engineered p‐AuNSs and materials have the potential to push biosensor sensitivity towards the single‐molecule detection limit, enabling new bioimaging modalities and new analytical techniques and tools capable of single‐molecule detection, analysis and manipulation, and to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancers. This report summarizes and highlights recent major advances in the emerging field of bioapplication‐oriented engineering of p‐AuNSs and hybrids, focusing on design considerations and ways to carry them out. A brief overview of the optical properties of p‐AuNSs is introduced, and then the importance of plasmonic engineering and future promising research directions and challenges in the field are discussed.
Crafting Semiconductor Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposites via Placing Conjugated Polymers in Intimate Contact with Nanocrystals for Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Lei , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSemiconductor organic−inorganic hybrid solar cells incorporating conjugated polymers (CPs) and nanocrystals (NCs) offer the potential to deliver efficient energy conversion with low‐cost fabrication. The CP‐based photovoltaic devices are complimented by an extensive set of advantageous characteristics from CPs and NCs, such as lightweight, flexibility, and solution‐processability of CPs, combined with high electron mobility and size‐dependent optical properties of NCs. Recent research has witnessed rapid advances in an emerging field of directly tethering CPs on the NC surface to yield an intimately contacted CP−NC nanocomposite possessing a well‐defined interface that markedly promotes the dispersion of NCs within the CP matrix, facilitates the photoinduced charge transfer between these two semiconductor components, and provides an effective platform for studying the interfacial charge separation and transport. In this Review, we aim to highlight the recent developments in CP−NC nanocomposite materials, critically examine the viable preparative strategies geared to craft intimate CP−NC nanocomposites and their photovoltaic performance in hybrid solar cells, and finally provide an outlook for future directions of this extraordinarily rich field.
A New Terthiophene‐Thienopyrrolodione Copolymer‐Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell with High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Jo Jang , Pron Agnieszka , Berrouard Philippe , Leong Wei Lin , Yuen Jonathan D. , Moon Ji Sun , Leclerc Mario , Heeger Alan J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA new semiconducting polymer based on terthiophene‐thienopyrrolodione alternating building blocks with a deep HOMO energy level (5.66 eV) is presented. The polymer is prepared by a direct heteroarylation polycondensation reaction, which is a low‐cost and green alternative to the standard Stille coupling reaction and thus avoids any use of toxic stannyl derivatives. Integrating the polymer into bulk heterojunction solar cells with [6,6]‐phenyl C71‐butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM) leads to a PCE of over 6% and a high open‐circuit voltage of up to 0.94 V. To obtain these results a unique processing additive, 1‐chloronaphthalene, is used, and a relatively low concentration of [70]PCBM is used in the blend solution.
Edelmetall‐Nanokristalle mit konkaven Oberflächen: Synthese und Anwendungen
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jin Mingshang , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMetallische Nanokristalle mit konkaven Oberflächen sind aufgrund ihrer hoch indizierten Flächen, Oberflächenvertiefungen und scharfen Ecken und Kanten für viele Anwendungen in der Katalyse, Plasmonik und oberflächenverstärkten Spektroskopie interessant. Zwei wesentliche Fragen stehen mit dieser neuartigen Klasse von Nanokristallen in Zusammenhang: 1) Wie erzeugt man eine konkave Oberfläche mit negativer Krümmung, die wegen ihres höheren Energiegehalts im Vergleich zur konvexen Oberfläche thermodynamisch benachteiligt ist? 2) Wie stabilisiert man die Morphologie eines Nanokristalls mit konkaven Strukturen an der Oberfläche? In jüngster Zeit wurden mehrere Protokolle zur Synthese von Edelmetall‐Nanokristallen mit konkaven Oberflächen entwickelt. Dieser Aufsatz fasst diese Entwicklungen mit dem Ziel zusammen, neue Einblicke in die Kristallwachstumsmechanismen zu gewinnen. Wir konzentrieren uns auf zwei allgemeine Strategien: 1) ortsspezifisches Ablösen von Atomen durch Ätzvorgänge und galvanischen Austausch und 2) richtungskontrolliertes Überwachsen durch flächenselektives Capping, kinetische Kontrolle und templatgelenkte Epitaxie. Wir beschreiben außerdem die katalytischen und elektrokatalytischen Eigenschaften konkaver Nanokristalle.
Assessment and characterization of antifungal and antialgal performances for biocide‐enhanced linear low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Gitchaiwat Atthapong , Kositchaiyong Apisit , Sombatsompop Kwannate , Prapagdee Benjaphorn , Isarangkura Khokhwan , Sombatsompop Narongrit 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this work, four biocides were used for the purpose of growth inhibition of fungi and algae in linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) specimens. Benzimidazol‐2‐yl‐carbamicacid methyl ester [carbendazim (CB)], 5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)phenol [triclosan (TS)], and 3‐iodo‐2‐propynyl N‐butylcarbamate [iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC)] were used as antifungal agents, and 2‐methylthio‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐tert‐butylamino‐triazin‐1,3,5 [terbutryn (TT)] was used as an antialgal agent. Antifungal performance was evaluated by disk diffusion and dry weight techniques, and antialgal activities were carried out by disk diffusion and chlorophyll A methods. Aspergillus niger TISTR 3245 and Chlorella vulgaris TISTR 8580 were used as the testing fungus and alga, respectively. The experimental results suggested that the wettabilities of LLDPE specimens changed with the incorporation of CB, TS, IPBC, and TT biocides without significant changes in chemical structures and mechanical properties of the LLDPE. IPBC with the recommended content of 10,000 ppm was found to give the most satisfactory growth inhibition of A. niger. Antifungal performance evaluations were dependent on the testing methods used, whereas those for antialgal activity were not. The optimum concentration of TT agent for effective killing of C. vulgaris was 750 ppm; this loading could be reduced from 750 to 250 ppm by the addition of either TS or IPBC agent. TS and IPBC could be used as antialgal promoters in the LLDPE specimens. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Thermal expansivity of chicken feather fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Zhan Mingjiang , Wool Richard P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThermal expansivity of chicken feather fibers (CFFs) was studied using thermomechanical analysis for composite applications. CFFs have negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values in the axial direction at different temperature due to its semicrystalline structure. CFFs have a positive CTE value in the radial direction. The CTE values of epoxy/CFF composites can be predicted by the rule of mixing. CTE values of epoxy/CFF composites in the in‐plane direction at various fiber content and temperature have been fully studied and the results can be used in composite design. We can use CFFs in composite materials to control the overall CTE of the composites to reduce the CTE mismatch between the composites and other components. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Orientation microstructure and properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(butylene succinate) blend films
Authors: Chen G. J. , Wang Y. Y. , Wang S. J. , Xiao M. , Meng Y.Z. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe blends of high molecular weight poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were melt blended using triphenylmethane triisocyanate (TTI) as a reactive coupling agent. TTI also serves as a compatibilizer for the blends of PPC and PBS. The blend containing 0.36 wt % TTI showed that the optimal mechanical properties were, therefore, calendared into films with different degrees of orientation. The calendering condition, degree of orientation, morphologies, mechanical properties, crystallization, and thermal behaviors of the films were investigated using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The result showed that the as‐made films exhibited obvious orientation in machine direction (MD). Both tensile strength in MD and the tear strength in transverse direction (TD) increased with increasing the degree of orientation. The orientation of the film also increased the crystallinity and improved the thermal properties of the PPC/PBS blend films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Two courses in the nonisothermal primary crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Xingyuan , Zhang Long 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNonisothermal crystallization behavior of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetic process was analyzed and relative kinetic parameters were obtained with the Avrami and Liu–Mo equations. The results demonstrate a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. It was found that the nonisothermal primary crystallization of PBT was composed of two courses. Course I corresponded to the two‐dimensional formation process of the lamellae, and the corresponding relative crystallinity (Xt) was less than 15%. Course II was concerned with the three‐dimensional growth process of the spherulite, and Xt changed from 15 to 90%. The secondary crystallization began when Xt was greater than 90%. According to the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa equation, the activation energies for course I, course II, and secondary crystallization were calculated to be −120, −210, and −100 kJ/mol, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of high shear stress on the devulcanization of ground tire rubber in a twin‐screw extruder
Authors: Si Hu , Chen Tianju , Zhang Yuncan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe devulcanization reactions of ground tire rubber (GTR) and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) mixtures performed during the melt‐extrusion process through the induction of high shear stress by increases in the screw rotation speeds and reaction temperatures were investigated in this study. The results show that the high shear stress induced crosslink breakage and/or chain scission of GTR; this led to decreases in the gel contents and Mooney viscosities of the devulcanized GTR(DGTR)/TPE blend and decreases in the sizes of the unfused gel particles in the revulcanized blends of styrene–butadiene rubber [SBR/(DGTR/TPE)]. When the main composition of GTR was natural rubber, its allylic unit structures in the main chains were susceptible to degradation. Although the main composition of GTR was SBR, its main chains contained lower contents of double bonds and were more stable; this led to significant changes in the gel contents and Mooney viscosities of the devulcanized blend and in the mechanical properties of the revulcanized SBR/(DGTR/TPE) blend. The ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM4770) rubber had better compatibility with GTR than the ethylene/1‐octene copolymer and also had a higher molecular weight than that of EPDM3745. This led to a lower gel content and a higher Mooney viscosity in the devulcanized blend and higher mechanical properties in the revulcanized SBR/(DGTR/EPDM4770) blend. The alkylphenol polysulfide 420 and 450 accelerated the devulcanization reaction and prevented the crosslinking reaction; this led to significant increases in the mechanical properties of the revulcanized SBR/(DGTR/TPE) blend. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Preparation of functionalized lignin beads from oak wood alkaline lignin
Authors: Saidane Dorra , Barbe Jean‐Christophe , Birot Marc , Deleuze Hervé 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlkaline lignin extracted from oak wood cooperage wastes was chemically modified to prepare beads by suspension polymerization on water without the use of organic solvents. These beads were macroporous and swelled in hydrophilic solvents. They were functionalized under microwaves to be used as scavenging agents in winery applications. The beads prepared by this approach have the advantage of being more acceptable by winemakers than synthetic polymer supports previously reported. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013