bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a novel rat neural progenitor clone that expresses dlx family transcription factors and gives rise to functional gabaergic neurons in culture
Authors: Li Hedong , Hader Anna T. , Han Yu R. , Wong Joseph A. , Babiarz Joanne , Ricupero Christopher L. , Godfrey Sasha Blue , Corradi John P. , Fennell Myles , Hart Ronald P. , Plummer Mark R. , Grumet Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic interneurons are lost in conditions including epilepsy and central nervous system injury, but there are few culture models available to study their function. Toward the goal of obtaining renewable sources of GABAergic neurons, we used the molecular profile of a functionally incomplete GABAergic precursor clone to screen 17 new clones isolated from GFP+ rat E14.5 cortex and ganglionic eminence (GE) that were generated by viral introduction of v‐myc. The clones grow as neurospheres in medium with FGF2, and after withdrawal of FGF2, they exhibit varying patterns of differentiation. Transcriptional profiling and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) indicated that one clone (GE6) expresses high levels of mRNAs encoding Dlx1, 2, 5, and 6, glutamate decarboxylases, and presynaptic proteins including neuropeptide Y and somatostatin. Protein expression confirmed that GE6 is a progenitor with restricted differentiation giving rise mostly to neurons with GABAergic markers. In cocultures with hippocampal neurons, GE6 neurons became electrically excitable and received both inhibitory and excitatory synapses. After withdrawal of FGF2 in cultures of GE6 alone, neurons matured to express βIII‐tubulin, and staining for synaptophysin and vesicular GABA transporter were robust after 1–2 weeks of differentiation. GE6 neurons also became electrically excitable and displayed synaptic activity, but synaptic currents were carried by chloride and were blocked by bicuculline. The results suggest that the GE6 clone, which is ventrally derived from the GE, resembles GABAergic interneuron progenitors that migrate into the developing forebrain. This is the first report of a relatively stable fetal clone that can be differentiated into GABAergic interneurons with functional synapses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 805–820, 2012
Differential effects of the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose on the activity of pro‐apoptotic agents in metastatic melanoma cells, and induction of a cytoprotective autophagic response
Authors: Giammarioli Anna Maria , Gambardella Lucrezia , Barbati Cristiana , Pietraforte Donatella , Tinari Antonella , Alberton Manuela , Gnessi Lucio , Griffin Roger J. , Minetti Maurizio , Malorni Walter 
Published: September 2011

Abstract2‐Deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) is a synthetic glucose analogue that inhibits glycolysis and blocks cancer cell growth. In this report, we evaluated the role of 2DG in the induction of cell death in human metastatic melanoma cells. We have also examined the effects of 2DG in combined treatments with four different pro‐apoptotic agents: (i) Temozolomide (TMZ), a chemotherapic drug commonly used to treat metastatic melanoma, (ii) Pyrimethamine (Pyr), a pro‐apoptotic antifolate drug recently reappraised in cancer therapy, (iii) Cisplatin (CisPt), a drug capable of directly binding to DNA ultimately triggering apoptosis of cancer cells and (iv) the kinase inhibitor Staurosporine (STS), a prototypical inducer of mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. We found that 2DG per se: (i) induced a cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, (ii) promoted autophagy, (iii) was ineffective in inducing apoptosis in association with the chemotherapic drug TMZ, whereas (iv) it was synergistic with CisPt and STS pro‐apoptotic drugs through a mechanism involving changes of mitochondrial homeostasis. Conversely, (v) 2DG hindered the pro‐apoptotic effects of Pyr via a mechanism involving either the block of cell cycle in G0/G1 or the modification of the free radical production of the cell, i.e., decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Moreover, a clear‐cut autophagic response involving endoplasmic reticulum remodelling was detectable. Since autophagic cytoprotection has been suggested to contribute to the induction of chemoresistance, these results could provide useful clues as concerns the use of 2DG as anticancer agent in combinatory protocols.
An efficient synthetic approach to novel nickel(II) 2‐benzazolo‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrins
Authors: Sharma Satyasheel , Nath Mahendra 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA simple and efficient synthesis of nickel(II) 2‐benzazolo‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrins from nickel(II) 2‐formyl‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin and o‐arylenediamines, o‐aminophenols or o‐aminothiophenol in 1,2‐dichlorobenzene is described. A diverse range of novel β‐substituted azoloporphyrins has been successfully synthesized in good yields and their structures are confirmed on the basis of spectral data. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Selective inhibition of the MCP‐1‐CCR2 ligand‐receptor axis decreases systemic trafficking of macrophages in the presence of UHMWPE particles
Authors: Gibon Emmanuel , Ma Ting , Ren Pei‐Gen , Fritton Kate , Biswal Sandip , Yao Zhenyu , Smith Lane , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe biological mechanisms leading to periprosthetic osteolysis involve both chemokines and the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. Whether MCP‐1 plays a major role in macrophage recruitment in the presence of wear particles is unknown. We tested two hypotheses: (1) that exogenous local delivery of MCP‐1 induces systematic macrophage recruitment and (2) that blockade of the MCP‐1 ligand‐receptor axis decreases macrophage recruitment and osteolysis in the presence of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles. Six groups of nude mice were used. We used non‐invasive imaging to assay macrophage recruitment and osteolysis. A murine macrophage cell line and primary wild type and CCR2 knockout murine macrophages were used as the reporter cells. Particles were infused into the femoral canal. Bioluminescence and immunohistochemical staining were used to confirm the migration of reporter cells. Locally infused MCP‐1 induced systemic macrophage trafficking to bone. Injection of MCP‐1 receptor antagonist significantly decreased reporter cell recruitment to bone infused with UHMWPE particles and decreased osteolysis. Systemic migration of reporter cells to infused particles was decreased when the reporter cells were deficient in the CCR2 receptor. Interruption of the MCP‐1 ligand‐receptor axis appears to be a viable strategy to mitigate trafficking of macrophages and osteolysis due to UHMWPE particles. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:547–553, 2012
Latex Allergy
Authors: Gawchik Sandra M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAllergy to natural rubber latex is an important clinical condition that occurred after the institution of universal precautions to protect healthcare workers. A rapid increase and production of both examination and surgical gloves resulted in an epidemic of allergy to latex protein. Healthcare workers in both the medical and dental environments, as well as specific groups of individuals including those with spina bifida, myelodysplasia, and food allergies (banana, kiwi, avocado, and others), were at increased risk of sensitization. Clinical symptoms in the latex allergic individual ranged from type I hypersensitivity reaction including rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and systemic reaction to type IV hypersensitivity reaction, which occur from the chemicals added during the manufacturing process. Diagnosis of latex allergy is based on a clinical history that correlates the development of symptoms in relationship to exposure. In the United States there are no skin tests approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Therefore a combination of clinical judgment and serologic testing such as ImmunoCAP and Immulite is helpful. The primary treatment of latex allergy is avoidance of exposure to the latex protein. Mt Sinai J Med 78:759–772, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Asthma Clinical Research Network: Lessons Learned
Authors: Craig Timothy , Quinn Laura 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Asthma Clinical Research Network was created by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to improve public health by rapidly evaluating novel and existing therapeutic approaches to asthma. The multicenter clinical research network has greatly contributed to the healthcare community's understanding of asthma by conducting clinical trials independent of the pharmaceutical industry. The following manuscript reviews the experimental design and major findings of noteworthy studies performed in this network. All of the network's publications were reviewed, and 19 were selected for summary. As shown in these publications, the research performed by the Asthma Clinical Research Network has produced significant data with important implications that should impact the way the healthcare community treats asthma at the present time. Mt Sinai J Med 78:671–682, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Immune Reactions to Drugs and Diagnostic Agents
Authors: Shepherd Gillian M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAdverse reactions to drugs are common, but only a small percentage of these reactions results from a specific immune reaction to a drug. Over‐reactivity of almost any part of the immune system can result in an immunologically mediated drug reaction; however, T cell—and immunoglobulin E–mediated reactions are the most common. The reactions are unpredictable and can involve any part of the body, although skin is most frequent. The various pathogenic mechanisms are discussed, along with diagnostic testing, factors predisposing to drug allergy, and reactions to individual drugs and therapeutic reagents. Mt Sinai J Med 78:717–729, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
The novel TrkB receptor agonist 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone enhances neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Mantilla Carlos B. , Ermilov Leonid G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeurotrophin signaling at the neuromuscular junction modulates cholinergic transmission and enhances neuromuscular transmission via the tropomyosin‐related kinase receptor subtype B (TrkB).A novel flavonoid, 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (7,8‐DHF), selectively activates TrkB receptors. Using TrkBF616A mice that are susceptible to specific inhibition of TrkB activity by 1NMPP1, we show that neuromuscular transmission is enhanced by 7,8‐DHF (∽32%) via activation of TrkB in diaphragm muscle. The small molecule 7,8‐DHF may constitute a novel therapy to improve neuromuscular function. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Thermal behavior and morphological properties of novel magnesium salt–polyacrylamide composite polymers
Authors: Lee Khai Ern , Khan Imran , Morad Norhashimah , Teng Tjoon Tow , Poh Beng Teik 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMagnesium salt–polyacrylamide composite polymers have been prepared by blending magnesium chloride and magnesium hydroxide, respectively, with polyacrylamide aqueous solution. The thermal behavior of the dried magnesium salt–polyacrylamide composite polymers has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out to investigate the changes of the composite polymers' behavior with temperature. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of magnesium salt–polyacrylamide composite polymers was investigated over temperature range of 35–800°C with three heating rates of 10, 20, and 40°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Flynn and Wall's model was usedto determine the activation energies of thermal decomposition for magnesium salt–polyacrylamide composite polymers. The activation energies needed to decompose 50 wt% of magnesium hydroxide‐polyacrylamide (MHPAM) composite polymer ranged from of 28.993–174.307 kJ/mol which are higher than the values for magnesium chloride–polyacrylamide (MCPAM) composite polymer (21.069–39.412 kJ/mol). Therefore, MHPAM composite polymer has a better thermal stability compared with MCPAM composite polymer. The morphological properties of magnesium salt–polyacrylamide composite polymers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to determine the composition of the chemical elements. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
The kinetics and morphology of polymer dispersed liquid crystals by doped crylic acid
Authors: Wang J.H. , Zhang B.Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIt is widely appreciated that electro‐optical activity in polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) depends on phase separation of polymer and liquid crystals (LCs). The morphology of the LCs domains depends on the detail of the chemical and physical processes active during the formation of domains. This work discusses two‐phase morphology in an acrylate‐based system that developed during polymerization induced phase separation. UV/VIS spectrometer is used for monitoring the polymerization of the PDLCs by real‐time scattering. The doped crylic acid accelerated the speed of polymerization. The electro‐optical properties of PDLCs films are measured by Polarimeter (PerkinElmer Model 341). The lower threshold voltage was obtained by doped crylic acid at suitable ratio. The polarizing optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared image system are used for depicting the morphology of LC droplets in polymer matrix. The sizes and dispersion of LC droplets were influenced by doped crylic acid which accelerated the speed of polymerization. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Control of doctor‐blade coated poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) electrodes shape on prepatterned substrates via microflow control in a drying droplet
Authors: Jang Yunseok , Jo Jeongdai , Kim Dong‐Su 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe demonstrated a simple patterning method for the deposition of polymer electrodes such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). We made use of the difference in wettability between hydrophobic surfaces and hydrophilic surfaces to make the patterns. However, the patterns made with our patterning method created undesirable ring‐like stains, which were caused by the outward flow of the solute within the PEDOT/PSS solution drop. To achieve homogenous device performance, we proposed a simple process for removing this ring‐like stain by making the surface tension gradient with dual solvent system in the PEDOT/PSS solution drop. Because this surface tension gradient causes the inward flow of the solute within the PEDOT/PSS solution drop, the ring‐like stain is removed. Finally, we confirmed the potential of our patterning method for polymer electrodes such as the PEDOT/PSS by fabricating pentacene thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and measuring the electrical properties of the pentacene TFTs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1590–1596, 2011
Live cell single‐molecule detection in systems biology
Authors: Sako Yasushi , Hiroshima Michio , Pack Chan‐Gi , Okamoto Kenji , Hibino Kayo , Yamamoto Akihiro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this review, we describe technology and use of single‐fluorophore imaging and detection in living cells with regard to application in systems biology and medicine. Because all biological reactions occur under aqueous conditions, the realization of single‐fluorophore imaging using an optical microscope has led to the direct observation of biological molecules at work. Today, we can observe single molecules in individual living cells and even higher multicellular organisms. Using single‐molecule imaging, we can determine the absolute values of kinetic and dynamic parameters of molecular reactions as a whole and during fluctuations and distribution. In addition, identification of the coordinate of single molecules has enabled super‐localization techniques to virtually improve spatial resolution of optical microscopy. Single‐molecule detection that depends on point detection instead of imaging is also useful in detecting concentrations, diffusive movements, and molecular interactions in living cells, especially in the cytoplasm. The precise and absolute values of positional, kinetic, and dynamic parameters that are determined by single‐molecule imaging and detection in living cells constitute valuable data on unitary biological reactions, because they are obtained without destroying the integrity of complex cellular systems. Moreover, most parameters that are determined by single‐molecule measurements can be substituted directly into equations that describe kinetic and dynamic models in systems biology and medicine. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:183–192. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.161This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy
Authors: Fernández‐Cruz Laureano 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground/PurposeIn the majority of reports morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains high and leakage from the pancreatic stump still accounts for the majority of surgical complications. Many technical modifications of the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis to decrease the pancreatic leakage rate have been suggested.MethodsA Medline search for surgical guidelines, prospective randomized controlled trials, systematic meta‐analyses, and clinical results was performed with regard to technical aspects of reconstruction, i.e., pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy, after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Here we illustrate the different approaches to reconstruction, with an emphasis on technical aspects and their details.ConclusionsPancreaticojejunostomy appears to be the most widely performed reconstruction, but pancreaticogastrostomy is a reasonable alternative. However, in the analysis of the clinical results it is important to know which specific pancreaticoenteric anastomosis is considered; for example, end‐to‐end, dunking, invagination of the pancreatic stump, or duct‐to‐mucosa. It is hoped that collaborative trials will provide high‐level data to allow tailoring of the operative technique, depending on the risk factors for pancreatic leakage in any particular patient.
Longitudinal predictors of past-year non-suicidal self-injury and motives among college students
Authors: Wilcox H. C. , Arria A. M. , Caldeira K. M. , Vincent K. B. , Pinchevsky G. M. , O'Grady K. E. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate and direct injuring of body tissue without suicidal intent for purposes not socially sanctioned. Few studies have examined the correlates of NSSI among young adults. This study aimed to identify predictors of lifetime and past-year NSSI, and describe motives for NSSI and disclosure of NSSI to others.MethodInterviews were conducted annually with 1081 students enrolled in the College Life Study, a prospective longitudinal study conducted at a large public mid-Atlantic university. NSSI characteristics were assessed at Year 4. Demographic and predictor variables were assessed during Years 1 to 4. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of lifetime NSSI and predictors of past-year NSSI.ResultsThe prevalence of past-year and lifetime NSSI was 2% and 7% respectively (>70% were female for both lifetime and past-year NSSI). Seven percent of NSSI cases self-injured once, whereas almost half self-injured six or more times. Independent predictors of past-year NSSI were maternal depression, non-heterosexual orientation, affective dysregulation and depression. Independent predictors of lifetime NSSI were depression, non-heterosexual orientation, paternal depression and female sex. One in six participants with NSSI had attempted suicide by young adulthood. The three most commonly reported motives for NSSI were mental distress, coping and situational stressors. Most (89%) told someone about their NSSI, most commonly a friend (68%).ConclusionsThis study identified unique predictors of NSSI, which should help to elucidate its etiology and has implications for early identification and interventions.
The first dominant co-circulation of both dengue and chikungunya viruses during the post-monsoon period of 2010 in Delhi, India
Authors: SINGH P. , MITTAL V. , RIZVI M. M. A. , CHHABRA M. , SHARMA P. , RAWAT D. S. , BHATTACHARYA D. , CHAUHAN L. S. , RAI A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIndependent outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) infection and sporadic cases of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) have been recorded in the metropolitan city of Delhi on several occasions in the past. However, during a recent 2010 arboviral outbreak in Delhi many cases turned negative for DENV. This prompted us to use duplex reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (D-RT–PCR) to establish the aetiology of dengue/chikungunya through sequencing of CprM and E1 genes of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Interestingly, for the first time, both DENV and CHIKV co-circulated simultaneously and in equally dominant proportion during the post-monsoon period of 2010. DENV-1 genotype III and the East Central South African genotype of CHIKV were associated with post-monsoon spread of these viruses.
Risk factors for 30-day mortality in adult patients with pneumococcal bacteraemia, and the impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcomes
Authors: SONG J.-S. , CHOE P.-G. , SONG K.-H. , PARK W.-B. , PARK S.-W. , KIM H.-B. , OH M.-D. , KIM E.-C. , KIM N.-J. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe clinical impact of antimicrobial resistance on the outcome of pneumococcal bacteraemia has remained unclear. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for mortality and determine the impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcomes. A total of 150 adult patients with pneumococcal bacteraemia were identified over a period of 11 years at Seoul National University Hospital. Of the 150 patients, 122 (81·3%) had penicillin-susceptible (Pen-S) strains and 28 (18·7%) penicillin-non-susceptible (Pen-NS) strains; 43 (28·7%) had erythromycin-susceptible (EM-S) strains and 107 (71·3%) erythromycin-non-susceptible (EM-NS) strains. On multivariate analysis, elevated APACHE II score [odds ratio (OR) 1·24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·14–1·34, P<0·001) and presence of solid organ tumour (OR 2·99, 95% CI 1·15–7·80, P=0·025) were independent risk factors for mortality. Neither erythromycin resistance nor penicillin resistance had a significant effect on clinical outcomes. However, for the 76 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, the time required for defervescence was significantly longer in the EM-NS group than in the EM-S group (5·45±4·39 vs. 2·93±2·56, P=0·03 by log rank test). In conclusion, antimicrobial resistance does not have an effect on mortality in adult patients with pneumococcal bacteraemia.
Meteorological factors and El Niño Southern Oscillation are independently associated with dengue infections
Authors: EARNEST A. , TAN S. B. , WILDER-SMITH A. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYOur objective was to determine the association between temperature, humidity, rainfall and dengue activity in Singapore, after taking into account lag periods as well as long-term climate variability such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We used a Poisson model which allowed for autocorrelation and overdispersion in the data. We found weekly mean temperature and mean relative humidity as well as SOI to be significantly and independently associated with dengue notifications. There was an interaction effect by periods of dengue outbreaks, but periods where El Niño was present did not moderate the relationship between humidity and temperature with dengue notifications. Our results help to understand the temporal trends of dengue in Singapore, and further reinforce the findings that meteorological factors are important in the epidemiology of dengue.