bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das plastische Kippmoment gerader Träger mit I‐Querschnitt
Authors: Herzog Max 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, wie einfach die Tragfähigkeit gerader I‐Träger mit doppel‐ oder einfachsymmetrischem Querschnitt beim Kippen (Biegedrillkippen) mit Hilfe des plastischen Drehwinkels des gedrückten Flansches in guter Übereinstimmung mit Versuchen an großen Probekörpern berechnet werden kann.The plastic moment of lateral buckling of straight girders with I‐section. It is shown how simply the moment capacity in lateral buckling of straight girders with bi‐ or mono‐symmetric crosssection can be predicted with help of the plastic hinge rotation of the compression flange in good coincidence with experiments on large specimens.
Progressive collapse resisting capacity of moment frames with viscous dampers
Authors: Kim Jinkoo , Lee Seungjun , Choi Hyunhoon 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the effect of viscous dampers on reducing progressive collapse potential of steel moment frames was evaluated by nonlinear dynamic analysis. Parametric studies were conducted first to evaluate the effects of dampers installed in a steel beam‐column subassembly with varying natural period and yield strength on the reduction of progressive collapse potential. Then 15‐story moment‐resisting frames with three different span lengths were designed with and without viscous dampers, and the effect of viscous dampers was investigated by nonlinear dynamic analysis. According to the parametric study, the vertical displacement generally decreased as the damping ratio of the system increased, and the dampers were effective in both the elastic and the elasto‐plastic systems. It was also observed that the effect of the damper increased as the natural period of the structure increased and the strength ratio decreased. The analysis results of 15‐story analysis model structures showed that the viscous dampers, originally designed to reduce earthquake‐induced vibration, were effective in reducing vertical displacement of the structures caused by sudden removal of a first‐story column, and the effect was more predominant in the structure with longer span length. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smaller fetal thymuses in pre‐eclampsia: a prospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mohamed N. , Eviston D. P. , Quinton A. E. , Benzie R. J. , Kirby A. C. , Peek M. J. , Nanan R. K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the thymus is smaller in fetuses of pre‐eclamptic mothers than in those of normal controls.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, prospective, comparative study of sonographically determined fetal thymus measurements in 39 pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia and 70 healthy pregnancies.ResultsBoth the diameter and the perimeter of the fetal thymus were smaller in pregnancies with pre‐eclampsia than in healthy controls. The means of the thymus diameters were 28.6 ± 5.9 and 32.9 ± 4.5 mm and of thymus perimeters 80.9 ± 16.5 and 93.1 ± 16.6 mm for pre‐eclamptic and healthy pregnancies, respectively (P < 0.001). General linear models showed that smaller fetal thymuses in pre‐eclampsia were independent of gestational age, estimated fetal weight, small for gestational age status and antenatal steroid use.ConclusionsPre‐eclampsia is associated with smaller fetal thymuses. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester ultrasound determination of chorionicity in twin pregnancy
Authors: Dias T. , Arcangeli T. , Bhide A. , Napolitano R. , Mahsud‐Dornan S. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of ultrasound at 11–14 weeks' gestation in the diagnosis of chorionicity in twin pregnancy.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of data obtained between 1999 and 2010. At the first‐trimester routine ultrasound scan, chorionicity was assigned according to the number of placental masses and T or λ‐signs for a single placental mass. Chorionicity was confirmed by histology or discordant sex at birth.ResultsA total of 648 pregnancies were assigned chorionicity by first‐trimester ultrasound during the study period. Chorionicity was ascertained in 613 cases, either by histology (n = 340) or discordant sex (n = 273). Chorionicity was correctly assigned by ultrasound at 11–14 weeks in 612 of 613 pregnancies (accuracy 99.8%). Sensitivity and specificity for determining monochorionicity were 100% and 99.8%, respectively.ConclusionsFirst‐trimester ultrasound can be used to determine chorionicity reliably by noting the number of placental masses and T or λ‐signs. Determination of twin chorionicity is important and should be completed in the first trimester. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfabrication and nanotechnology in stent design
Authors: Martinez Adam W. , Chaikof Elliot L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntravascular stents were first introduced in the 1980s as an adjunct to primary angioplasty for management of early complications, including arterial dissection, or treatment of an inadequate technical outcome due to early elastic recoil of the atherosclerotic lesion. Despite the beneficial effects of stenting, persistent high rates of restenosis motivated the design of drug‐eluting stents for delivery of agents to limit the proliferative and other inflammatory responses within the vascular wall that contribute to the development of a restenotic lesion. These strategies have yielded a significant reduction in the incidence of restenosis, but challenges remain, including incomplete repair of the endothelium at the site of vascular wall injury that may be associated with a late risk of thrombosis. A failure of vessel wall healing has been attributed primarily to the use of polymeric stent coatings, but the effects of the eluted drug and other material properties or design features of the stent cannot be excluded. Improvements in stent microfabrication, as well as the introduction of alternative materials may help to address those limitations that inhibit stent performance. This review describes the application of novel microfabrication processes and the evolution of new nanotechnologies that hold significant promise in eliminating existing shortcomings of current stent platforms.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2011 3 256–268 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.123This article is categorized under:Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Modulation of Macrophage Fatty Acid Content and Composition by Exposure to Dyslipidemic Serum in Vitro
Authors: Wong Bruce X. W. , Kyle Reece A. , Croft Kevin D. , Quinn Carmel M. , Jessup Wendy , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMacrophages in arterial walls accumulate lipids leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, mechanisms underlying macrophage lipid accumulation and foam cell formation are often studied without accounting for risk factors such as dyslipidemia. We investigated the effect of varying concentrations of triglyceride (TG) within physiological range on macrophage fatty acid (FA) accumulation and expression of cholesterol efflux proteins. Human monocytes were cultured in media supplemented with 10% sera containing low (0.7 mmol/L) to high (1.4 mmol/L) TG. The resulting macrophages were harvested after 10 days for analysis of FA content and composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Exposure to higher TG and lower HDL concentrations in media increased macrophage lipid content. Macrophages exposed to higher TG had increased total FA content compared with controls (876 μg/mg protein vs. 652 μg/mg protein) and greater proportions of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2. Macrophage expression of both ABCA1 and ABCG1 cholesterol efflux proteins were reduced when higher TG concentrations were present in the media. Expression of scavenger receptor CD36, involved in lipoprotein uptake, was also downregulated in macrophages exposed to higher TG. Culturing macrophages in conditions of higher versus lower TG influenced macrophage FA content and composition, and levels of regulatory proteins. Replicating in vitro levels of dyslipidemia encountered in vivo may provide an informative model for investigation of atherogenesis.
What the radiologist needs to know about the diabetic patient
Authors: Raptis Athanasios E. , Markakis Konstantinos P. , Mazioti Maria C. , Raptis Sotirios A. , Dimitriadis George D. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognised as a major health problem. Ninety-nine percent of diabetics suffer from type 2 DM and 10% from type 1 and other types of DM. The number of diabetic patients worldwide is expected to reach 380 millions over the next 15 years. The duration of diabetes is an important factor in the pathogenesis of complications, but other factors frequently coexisting with type 2 DM, such as hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia, also contribute to the development of diabetic angiopathy. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Macroangiopathy mainly affects coronary arteries, carotid arteries and arteries of the lower extremities. Eighty percent of deaths in the diabetic population result from cardiovascular incidents. DM is considered an equivalent of coronary heart disease (CHD). Stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are other main manifestations of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) represents another chronic complication that occurs independently of CHD and hypertension. The greater susceptibility of diabetic patients to infections completes the spectrum of the main consequences of DM. The serious complications of DM make it essential for physicians to be aware of the screening guidelines, allowing for earlier patient diagnosis and treatment.
THE DIASPORA AT HOME: INDIAN VIEWS AND THE MAKING OF ZULEIKHA MAYAT'S PUBLIC VOICE
Authors: Waetjen Thembisa , Vahed Goolam 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article examines how the Gujarati-speaking Muslim trading class in South(ern) Africa was linked as a reading public through a newspaper, Indian Views, which had been founded in early twentieth-century Durban in opposition to Mahatma Gandhi's Indian Opinion. Under the editorship of Moosa Meer (1929–63) it was a conduit for sustaining existing social networks as well as offering common narratives that galvanized an idea of community embracing its geographically disparate readership. Between 1956 and 1963, Zuleikha Mayat, a self-described housewife born in Potchefstroom but married to a medical doctor in Durban whom she ‘met’ through the newspaper, wrote a weekly column that represented one of the first instances of a South African Muslim woman offering her ideas in print. She spoke across gender divides and articulated a moral social vision that accounted for both local and diasporic concerns. This article provides a narrative account of how Mayat came to write for Indian Views, a story that underscores the personal linkages within this diasporic community and, more broadly, how literacy and the family enterprises that constituted local print capitalism provided a material means of sustaining existing networks of village and family. It also reveals the role of newspaper as an interface between public and private spaces in helping to create a community of linguistically related readers who imagined themselves as part of a larger print culture.
INDIAN OCEAN WORLD CINEMA: VIEWING THE HISTORY OF RACE, DIASPORA AND NATIONALISM IN URBAN TANZANIA
Authors: Bertz Ned 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis essay considers the role of Hindi films in urban Tanzania in writing new chronologies of Indian Ocean world history. Examining films and movie theatres through overlapping local, national and transnational lenses, the article contributes to our understandings of the encounter between the Indian diaspora and nationalism in East Africa, and extends the history of Indian Ocean world connections into the second half of the twentieth century. In order to escape the historiographical dialectic between nation and diaspora which splits scholarship on Hindi films overseas, cinema needs to be denationalized, and everyday social histories of urban cinema halls can then be framed within the Indian Ocean world. To do so successfully, however, we must challenge scholarship which asserts the collapse of this world in the early modern or colonial period (at the latest), in order to extend an Indian Ocean scale to capture the vibrant twentieth-century creation of a regional popular culture. The history of Bombay films in urban Tanzania thus enables a viewing of the transnational production of culture, and the ways in which cross-cultural flows are part of the construction of important categories like race and nationalism across the history of East Africa.
AUTHORITY AND PIETY, WRITING AND PRINT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE CIRCULATION OF ISLAMIC TEXTS IN LATE NINETEENTH- AND EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY ZANZIBAR
Authors: Bang Anne K. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article is a preliminary discussion of the circulation of textual material in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Zanzibar. Three main contentions are made in the article. First, that this corpus of texts constituted a public sphere that was intimately connected with the western Indian Ocean, primarily Arabia, but with branches to Egypt where much of the material was printed. Second, that the transition from manuscript mode of transmission to printed texts upheld the same principles for circulation. Finally, the article also points to how the use of this scriptural material as a basis for Islamic learning was expanded into new types of reading, reference, interpretation and copying. The article examines cases from Zanzibar, both manuscripts and printed books, from the point of view of the lifespan of the texts.
TRANSNATIONAL ISLAM AND PUBLIC SPHERE DYNAMICS IN KWAZULU-NATAL: RETHINKING SOUTH AFRICA'S PLACE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN WORLD
Authors: Kaarsholm Preben 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIslam in KwaZulu-Natal has typically been seen as an Indian preserve and as closely linked with contestations around South African Indian identities. Against this background, dedication to Islam among Africans has appeared as exceptional, represented by groupings with particular histories of immigration from Mozambique, Malawi or Zambia. Since the 1970s, strong efforts have been made to extend the call of Islam to Africans in the province, as demonstrated in the mobilization efforts of the Islamic Propagation Centre International and the Muslim Youth Movement, and in thedawahprojects of transnational Islamic NGOs like the World Assembly of Muslim Youth. Following the transition to democracy in 1994, Islam played an important role in establishing contacts between South Africans and the thousands of immigrants from other African countries – many of them with an Islamic background – who have been coming into KwaZulu-Natal. The essay discusses two different examples of Islamic practice in an African informal settlement on the outskirts of Durban, and demonstrates their different understandings of the relationship between Islam and African cultural ‘custom’. It places these differences of local theology and politics in the context of propagations of Islam as manifested in the writings of Ahmed Deedat and recent examples of pamphlet literature by African Muslims. It argues that understandings of Islam in KwaZulu-Natal as an African religion relate the area to the Indian Ocean world not only though links across the sea to South Asia, but also along the coast – bridging the gap between the Swahili continuum to the north and transnational Islam in the Cape.
PRINT, NEWSPAPERS AND AUDIENCES IN COLONIAL KENYA: AFRICAN AND INDIAN IMPROVEMENT, PROTEST AND CONNECTIONS
Authors: Frederiksen Bodil Folke 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe article addresses African and Indian newspaper networks in Kenya in the late 1940s in an Indian Ocean perspective. Newspapers were important parts of a printing culture that was sustained by Indian and African nationalist politics and economic enterprise. In this period new intermediary groups of African and Indian entrepreneurs, activists and publicists, collaborating around newspaper production, captured fairly large and significant non-European audiences (some papers had print runs of around ten thousand) and engaged them in new ways, incorporating their aspirations, writings and points of view in newspapers. They depended on voluntary and political associations and anti-colonial struggles in Kenya and on links to nationalists in India and the passive resistance movement in South Africa. They sidestepped the European-dominated print culture and created an anti-colonial counter-voice. Editors insisted on the right to write freely and be heard, and traditions of freedom of speech put a brake on censorship. Furthermore, the shifting networks of financial, editorial and journalistic collaboration, and the newspapers’ language choice – African vernaculars, Gujarati, Swahili and English – made intervention difficult for the authorities. With time, the politics and ideologies sustaining the newspapers pulled in different directions, with African nationalism gaining the upper hand among the forces that shaped the future independent Kenyan nation.
POLITICS AND BUSINESS IN THE INDIAN NEWSPAPERS OF COLONIAL TANGANYIKA
Authors: Brennan James R. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article examines the history of two Indian newspapers,Tanganyika OpinionandTanganyika Herald, to demonstrate how business considerations provided both the opportunity for East African Indians to make public arguments and the central limitation on the arguments that could be made. Founded on the inspiration of mass nationalist action through a territorialhartal, theTanganyika Opinionand later theHeraldblazed the trails that articulated ‘Greater India’ among the Anglo-Gujarati reading public in Tanganyika. But growing conservative sentiments within this vulnerable minority, along with rising sectarian division, reduced both the patronage and audience for a singular ‘anti-colonial’ politics by the 1930s and 1940s. Moreover, as a marginal print node along the Indian Ocean littoral, theOpinionandHeraldcame to rely on an opportunistic mixture of wire services and consular propaganda to keep abreast of regional and international news developments. Ultimately, the shrinking market for Anglo-Gujarati newspapers and rising opportunities in Swahili-language journals had sealed the doom of these and similar Indian newspapers by the time ‘African’ political independence arrived in the early 1960s.
Healthy lifestyle factors associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Shi L. , Morrison J. A. , Wiecha J. , Horton M. , Hayman L. L. 
Published: January 2011

Minimal data are available regarding the cumulative effects of healthy lifestyle behaviours on cardiometabolic risk. The objective of the present study was to examine a combination of healthy lifestyle behaviours associated with cardiometabolic risk reduction. The analysis was based on a cross-sectional study of 1454 participants from the population-based Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton Follow-up Study. The healthy lifestyle factors included fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 5 servings/d, meat intake ≤ 2 servings/d, never smoking, consuming 2–6 alcoholic drinks/week, television (TV) viewing time ≤ 2 h/d and moderate to vigorous physical activity ≥ 4 h/week. The combination of healthy lifestyle behaviours was strongly and negatively associated with the presence of cardiometabolic risk, as well as with a composite cardiometabolic risk score after adjustment for race, age, generation and sex. With each additional healthy lifestyle factor, cardiometabolic risk decreased by 31 % (OR 0·69; 95 % CI 0·61, 0·78). A higher healthy lifestyle score was associated with a lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk (P for trend < 0·001). Compared with individuals having 0–1 healthy lifestyle behaviours, those with 5 or 6 healthy lifestyle behaviours had a 70 % lower prevalence of cardiometabolic risk (OR 0·30; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·67). Healthy lifestyle behaviours including sufficient fruit and vegetable intake, less meat intake, less TV viewing time, abstinence from smoking, modest alcohol intake and regular exercise are associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk.
Chronic dietaryn-3 PUFA intervention improves dyslipidaemia and subsequent cardiovascular complications in the JCR:LA-cprat model of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lu Jing , Borthwick Faye , Hassanali Zahra , Wang Ye , Mangat Rabban , Ruth Megan , Shi Danni , Jaeschke Anja , Russell James C. , Field Catherine J. , Proctor Spencer D. , Vine Donna F. 
Published: January 2011

There is increasing interest in the potential chronic beneficial effects of dietaryn-3 PUFA on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated cardiovascular complications. We have recently established that increased dietaryn-3 PUFA has a profound acute benefit on fasting lipids and the postprandial pro-inflammatory response in the JCR:LA-cprat, a model of the MetS. However, it is unclear to what extent chronic dietaryn-3 PUFA intervention can modulate the progression of end-stage metabolic and vascular complications. The present study aimed to determine the chronic effects of dietaryn-3 PUFA supplementation on fasting and non-fasting dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and vascular complications in the JCR:LA-cprodent model. JCR:LA-cprats were fed an isoenergetic lipid-balanced diet supplemented with 5 %n-3 PUFA (w/w) of the total fat (fish oil-derived EPA/DHA) for 16 weeks. Fasting and non-fasting (postprandial) plasma lipid profile was assessed. Hepatic and adipose tissue was probed for the expression of lipogenic proteins (acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1)), while the activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was assessed via Western blot to target phosphorylated JNK protein in primary enterocytes. The frequency of myocardial lesions was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Increased dietaryn-3 PUFA improved both the fasting and postprandial lipid profiles (TAG, cholesterol and apoB48) in the JCR:LA-cprat, potentially via the down-regulation of the hepatic or adipose tissue expression of lipogenic enzymes (ACC, FAS and SREBP-1). Rats fed the 5 %n-3 PUFA diet had lower (58·2 %;P < 0·01) enterocytic phosphorylated JNK protein and secreted less cholesterol (30 %;P < 0·05) into mesenteric lymph compared with the control. The chronic metabolic benefits of dietaryn-3 PUFA may underlie the potential to reduce vascular complications during the MetS, including the observed reduction in the frequency (approximately 80 %) of late-stage 3 myocardial lesions.