bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thick Pen Transformation for Time Series
Authors: Fryzlewicz P. , Oh H.-S. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Traditional visualization of time series data often consists of plotting the time series values against time and ‘connecting the dots’. We propose an alternative, multiscale visualization technique, motivated by the scale–space approach in computer vision. In brief, our method also ‘connects the dots’ but uses a range of pens of varying thicknesses for this. The resulting multiscale map, which is termed the thick pen transform, corresponds to viewing the time series from a range of distances. We formally prove that the thick pen transform is a discriminatory statistic for two Gaussian time series with distinct correlation structures. Further, we show interesting possible applications of the thick pen transform to measuring cross-dependence in multivariate time series, classifying time series and testing for stationarity. In particular, we derive the asymptotic distribution of our test statistic and argue that the test is applicable to both linear and non-linear processes under low moment assumptions. Various other aspects of the methodology, including other possible applications, are also discussed.
Dynamic Multiscale Spatiotemporal Models for Gaussian Areal Data
Authors: Ferreira Marco A. R. , Holan Scott H. , Bertolde Adelmo I. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryWe introduce a new class of dynamic multiscale models for spatiotemporal processes arising from Gaussian areal data. Specifically, we use nested geographical structures to decompose the original process into multiscale coefficients which evolve through time following state space equations. Our approach naturally accommodates data that are observed on irregular grids as well as heteroscedasticity. Moreover, we propose a multiscale spatiotemporal clustering algorithm that facilitates estimation of the nested geographical multiscale structure. In addition, we present a singular forward filter backward sampler for efficient Bayesian estimation. Our multiscale spatiotemporal methodology decomposes large data analysis problems into many smaller components and thus leads to scalable and highly efficient computational procedures. Finally, we illustrate the utility and flexibility of our dynamic multiscale framework through two spatiotemporal applications. The first example considers mortality ratios in the state of Missouri whereas the second example examines agricultural production in Espírito Santo State, Brazil.
Comparing Alternative Predictors Based on Large‐Panel Factor Models
Authors: D’ Agostino Antonello , Giannone Domenico 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article compares the predictive ability of the factor models of Stock and Watson (2002a) and Forni, Hallin, Lippi and Reichlin (2005) using a ‘large’ panel of macroeconomic variables of the United States. We propose a nesting procedure of comparison that clarifies and partially overturns the results of similar exercises in the literature. Our main conclusion is that with the dataset at hand the two methods have a similar performance and produce highly collinear forecasts.
Diagnostic Tests of Cross‐section Independence for Limited Dependent Variable Panel Data Models*
Authors: Hsiao Cheng , Pesaran M. Hashem , Pick Andreas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article considers the problem of testing for cross‐section independence in limited dependent variable panel data models. It derives a Lagrangian multiplier (LM) test and shows that in terms of generalized residuals of Gourieroux et al. (1987) it reduces to the LM test of Breusch and Pagan (1980). Because of the tendency of the LM test to over‐reject in panels with large N (cross‐section dimension), we also consider the application of the cross‐section dependence test (CD) proposed by Pesaran (2004). In Monte Carlo experiments it emerges that for most combinations of N and T the CD test is correctly sized, whereas the validity of the LM test requires T (time series dimension) to be quite large relative to N. We illustrate the cross‐sectional independence tests with an application to a probit panel data model of roll‐call votes in the US Congress and find that the votes display a significant degree of cross‐section dependence.
Mechanical Assistance by Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump Counterpulsation During Reperfusion Increases Coronary Blood Flow and Mitigates the No‐Reflow Phenomenon: An Experimental Study
Authors: Pierrakos Charalampos N. , Bonios Michael J. , Drakos Stavros G. , Charitos Efstratios I. , Tsolakis Elias J. , Ntalianis Argirios , Nanas Serafim N. , Charitos Christos E. , Nanas John N. , Terrovitis John V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe effects of the intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation on the extent of myocardial infarction (MI), the no‐reflow phenomenon (NRP), and coronary blood flow (CBF) during reperfusion in an ischemia‐reperfusion experimental model have not been clarified. Eleven pigs underwent occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. CBF, distal to the occlusion site, was measured. In six experiments, IABP support began 10 min before, and continued throughout reperfusion (IABP Group). Five pigs without IABP support served as controls. At the end of each experiment, the myocardial area at risk (MAR) of infarction and the extent of MI and NRP were measured. Hemodynamic measurements at baseline and during coronary occlusion were similar in both groups. During reperfusion, systolic aortic blood pressure was significantly lower in the IABP Group than in controls. In the IABP Group, CBF reached a peak at 5 min of reperfusion, gradually decreased, but remained higher than at baseline, and significantly higher than in controls throughout the 2 h of reperfusion. In controls, CBF increased significantly above baseline immediately after the onset of reperfusion, then returned to baseline within 90 min. The extent of NRP (37 ± 25% vs. 68 ± 17%, P = 0.047) and MI (39 ± 23% vs. 67 ± 13%, P = 0.036), both expressed as percentage of MAR, was significantly less in the IABP group than in controls. After prolonged myocardial ischemia, IABP assistance started just 10 min before and throughout reperfusion increased CBF and limited infarct size and extent of NRP.
Foucault in the forest: Questioning environmentality in Amazonia
Authors: CEPEK MICHAEL L. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I analyze the encounter between the Field Museum of Natural History and Amazonian Ecuador's Cofán people to question the concept of “environmentality”: the idea that environmentalist programs and movements operate as forms of governmentality in Michel Foucault's sense. I argue that, although the Field Museum's community conservation projects constitute a regulatory rationale and technique, they do not transform Cofán subjectivity according to plan. By exploring Cofán people's critical consciousness of environmentalist interventions, I aim to cast doubt on the governmentality paradigm's utility for analyzing the complexities of cultural difference, intercultural encounter, and directed change.
Pueblo street fighting to national martial art: Nation building and the nationalization of a Venezuelan civilian combative practice
Authors: RYAN MICHAEL J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine how local groups are often instrumental in the establishment of nation‐states whose legitimacy is later threatened through acts of resistance or subversion by these same groups or their heirs. In Venezuela, groups who maintain a tradition of stick fighting provide a case in point. Developed among the rural civilian population in the postcolonial era for defensive purposes and sometimes deployed in the service of the nascent Venezuelan state, stick fighting has recently been promoted as a national martial art. As one group of stick fighters helped link the popularization of this art with Venezuelan nationalism, it simultaneously drew on strategies of misdirection and secrecy associated with the art to restrict its dissemination. In doing so, it maintained local forms of sociality against the cultural domination of state and global forces.
Digital distrust: Uzbek cynicism and solidarity in the Internet Age
Authors: KENDZIOR SARAH 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine how Uzbek exiles have used the Internet to attempt to forge solidarity in a political culture of cynicism and distrust. Tracing the development of internal divisiveness in the Uzbek political opposition, I show how cynicism has been reconstituted as an essential part of Uzbek political integrity, and then I examine how some dissidents have attempted to counteract this cynical political culture through the online promotion of a new political repertoire. I argue that the Internet changes patterns of political dissent by allowing greater interaction between geographically dispersed, like‐minded parties but also allows the doubts and antagonisms that existed within those parties to be more easily perceived and, in some cases, exacerbated.
Piezoelectric Ceramics with Compositions at the Morphotropic Phase Boundary in the BiFeO3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 Ternary System
Authors: Hu Wei , Tan Xiaoli , Rajan Krishna 
Published: July 2011

Since ceramics in the PbZrO3–PbTiO3 binary system display excellent piezoelectric properties and those in BiFeO3–PbTiO3 exhibit high Curie temperatures, morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) compositions in the BiFeO3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 ternary solid solution system are investigated for the development of piezoelectric ceramics for high temperature applications. It is found that the MPB compositions in the ternary system deviate away from the mixture of two binary MPB compositions 0.70BiFeO3–0.30PbTiO3 and 0.52PbZrO3–0.48PbTiO3. With decreasing amount of BiFeO3 in the MPB compositions in the ternary system, the Curie temperature TC is observed to decrease while the piezoelectric coefficient d33 is found to increase. Accompanied with this trend are the decrease in the c/a ratio of the tetragonal phase, the increase in the dielectric constant and the decrease in the loss tangent of the ceramics at room temperature. It is further noticed that the compositions in the rhombohedral‐rich side of MPB exhibit slightly better piezoelectric properties. An example of such compositions is 0.511BiFeO3–0.326PbZrO3–0.163PbTiO3, with TC of 431°C, d33 of 101 pC/N, and the electromechanical coupling factor kp of 0.50.
The System Ca3(PO4)2–Ca2SiO4: The Sub‐System Ca2SiO4–7CaOP2O52SiO2
Authors: Rubio Virtudes , de la Casa‐Lillo Miguel A. , De Aza Salvador , De Aza Piedad N. 
Published: July 2011

A study of the sub‐system Ca2SiO4–7CaOP2O52SiO2 within the system Ca3(PO4)2–Ca2SiO4 was conducted as a preliminary step toward obtaining new biomaterials with controlled microstructures. Phase composition of the resulting ceramics was studied using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with attached wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the sub‐system presents an invariant eutectoid point at 518°C ± 6°C with a composition of 31 wt% Ca3(PO4)2 and 69 wt% Ca2SiO4, and typical eutectoid microstructure of lamellae morphology. These results are in disagreement with the previous reported data, which locate the invariant eutectoid point at 500 ± 20°C with a composition of 36.75 wt% Ca3(PO4)2 and 63.25 wt% Ca2SiO4.
Community Consultation and Public Disclosure: Preliminary Results From a New Model
Authors: Ramsey Cornelia A. , Quearry Bonnie , Ripley Elizabeth 
Published: July 2011

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:733–740 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractEmergency medicine research conducted under the exception from informed consent (EFIC) regulation enables critical scientific advancements. When EFIC is proposed, there is a requirement for broad community consultation and public disclosure (CC/PD) regarding the risks and benefits of the study. At the present time, no clear guidelines or standards exist for conducting and evaluating the CC/PD.This preliminary study tested the feasibility and acceptability of a new approach to CC/PD for a large‐scale EFIC trial by engaging community members in designing and conducting the strategies. The authors enrolled key community members (called community advocates for research, or CARs) to use community‐based participatory methods to design and implement CC/PD.By partnering with community members who represent target populations for the research study, this new approach has demonstrated a feasible CC/PD plan with greater community participation and less cost than previous studies. In a community survey, the percentage of community members reporting having heard about the EFIC trial more than doubled after employing the new approach. This article discusses initial implementation and results.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1–8 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Ontogenetic behaviour and swimming ability of the endangered eastern freshwater cod, Maccullochella ikei, with notes on growth and development
Authors: Butler Gavin L. , Rowland Stuart J. , Baverstock Peter R. , Morris Stephen 
Published: July 2011

Abstract –  Understanding the larval ecology of individual fish species is fundamental in ensuring their long‐term conservation. The endangered eastern freshwater cod, Maccullochella ikei, is endemic to the Clarence and Richmond River systems of north‐eastern New South Wales, Australia. Little is known about the behaviour of larval M. ikei in the wild, particularly before and after the swim‐up stage, and following dispersal from the nest site. The aims of this study were to quantify the swimming ability, depth selection, light preference and substrate selection of hatchling to day‐30 M. ikei under controlled laboratory conditions, and to describe its growth and development over the same period. Maccullochella ikei larvae grew constantly but not consistently during the experiment. Exogenous feeding commenced around day 12, prior to the full exhaustion of the yolk. Maximal swimming ability improved daily, but maximum swimming speed declined significantly between days 12 and 13 and remained low. Maccullochella ikei larvae were initially photonegative but were positively phototactic by day 10. Depth selection was for the benthos until day 8, beyond which time larvae dispersed to all depths when released. Substrate selection was for sand in younger larvae but changed to upstream substrates as the experiment progressed. The results of the current study suggest that the period between day 10 and day 20 is critical in the early ontogeny of M. ikei, when it switched phototrophic behaviour, transitioned from endogenous to exogenous feeding and experienced a decline in swimming ability.
Increasing prevalence of coeliac disease in Denmark: a linkage study combining national registries
Authors: Dydensborg Stine , Toftedal Peter , Biaggi Matteo , Lillevang Søren T , Hansen Dorte G , Husby Steffen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine the prevalence and incidence of diagnosed coeliac disease (CD) in Danish children and adolescents and to describe trends over time.Methods:  All children with a CD diagnosis registered in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) were included in the study. Data were validated by combining this information with registrations of small‐bowel biopsies in the National Registry of Pathology (NRP) and with a selected sample of hospital records.Results:  Data were obtained from 1996 to 2010. The prevalence of CD registered in DNPR increased from 43.2 [95% CI 39.3–47.1] to 83.6 [95% CI 78.4–88.7] per 100 000, and the incidence increased from 2.8 [95% CI 1.9–3.9] to 10.0 [95% CI 8.4–12.0] per 100 000; 56% of the children had at least one biopsy compatible with CD registered in NRP. The incidence of biopsy‐verified CD increased from 0.8 [95% CI 0.3–1.4] to 6.9 [95% CI 5.4–8.4] per 100 000. The mean age at diagnosis increased from 5.1 [95% CI 3.5–6.6] to 8.1 [95% CI 7.2–9.0] years of age. The proportion of children with associated diseases did not change over time.Conclusion:  The prevalence of diagnosed CD in Danish children and adolescents has increased over the last 15 years.
Oral and general health status in patients treated in a dental consultation clinic of a geriatric ward in Bern, Switzerland
Authors: Katsoulis Joannis , Schimmel Martin , Avrampou Marianna , Stuck Andreas E. , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: July 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00529.xOral and general health status in patients treated in a dental consultation clinic of a geriatric ward in Bern, SwitzerlandIntroduction:  This audit reports on the oral and general health of patients who were treated in a dental consultation clinic of a geriatric hospital.Material and Methods:  Dental and medical records were obtained from 112 female and 80 male patients (mean age, 83.7 ± 8.2 years) who attended a dental consultation. Data analysis included the general health [American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, number of diagnoses, cognitive function] and dental state in the age strata 60–69, 70–79, 80–89 and 90–99 years.Results:  Seventy‐four per cent of patients were aged over 80 years. The prevalence of ASA‐P4 and P3 varied between age groups. Most patients (>86%) had more than three chronic diseases. Cognitive impairment was present in almost half of both older age cohorts (43 and 50%). Half of the patients (52%) were edentulous. In dentate patients, the average number of teeth was 12 ± 6 and differed in the maxilla significantly between age groups (p = 0.005). There was no significant association between dental state, ASA classification and systemic conditions.Conclusions:  The profile of this cohort reflects a poor oral and general health status. The results underline the importance of an interdisciplinary consultation in a geriatric ward where oral health care is an integral part.
Trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study of 188 Thai cases
Authors: Jainkittivong Aree , Aneksuk Vilaiwan , Langlais Robert P. 
Published: July 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00530.xTrigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective study of 188 Thai casesObjective:  To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in a group of Thai patients.Materials and methods:  Records of 188 patients with TN were reviewed retrospectively for patient demographics, the characteristics of the pain and treatment modalities.Results:  Of the 188 patients, 37.2% were men and 62.8% were women. The peak incidence (46.8%) was in the age range of 50–69 years. Pain occurred on the right side of the face more often than on the left (1.8:1). The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve was the most frequently affected (30.3%), followed by the combined maxillary and mandibular divisions (29.3%) and the maxillary division alone (25%). The majority described their attack as a sharp pain (77.6%), and the most common primary locations were at previous extraction sites (40.5%). The most common triggers were chewing (61.2%) and speaking (47.3%). Carbamazepine was the most common prescribed drug (76.1%) for the initial treatment. Combination drug therapy was introduced when the monotherapy failed to control the pain. Surgical intervention was the alternative choice of treatment in refractory cases.Conclusion:  TN affected women more than men, and this disorder occurred most frequently in patients aged 50 years and older. The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve was most commonly involved.
Water quality monitoring during the construction of the M3 motorway in Ireland
Authors: Purcell Patrick , Bruen Michael , O'Sullivan John , Cocchiglia Letizia , Kelly‐Quinn Mary 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe M3 motorway in Ireland was constructed between the years 2007 and 2010. The motorway crosses the River Boyne, which is a designated salmonid water under the EU Freshwater directive, and its tributaries. The paper describes the measures taken to mitigate any potential impacts which the road scheme might have had on the aquatic environment and the water quality of the Boyne watercourses before‐, during‐ and post‐construction. The success of the mitigation measures undertaken is assessed by: (a) comparing pre‐construction, during‐construction and post‐construction water quality data, (b) comparing measured water quality with relevant standards, (c) comparing water quality data upstream and downstream of river crossings, (d) the establishment of a pilot‐scale real‐time water quality monitoring station at the downstream end of the works before discharge into the river Boyne. The study concluded that the measures taken have been successful in minimising the water quality impacts associated with the road scheme.
Seasonal changes in the local distribution of Yangtze finless porpoises related to fish presence
Authors: Kimura Satoko , Akamatsu Tomonari , Li Songhai , Dong Lijun , Wang Kexiong , Wang Ding , Arai Nobuaki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is an endangered freshwater porpoise subspecies unique to the Yangtze River basin. Seasonal variations in local distribution of the animal, as well as fish presence, sand dredging, ship navigation, and bridges were examined as potential factors affecting the occurrence of the animals. Passive acoustic surveys were performed regularly from May 2007 to August 2010, near the conjunction of the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake. The distribution of the porpoises was seasonally site‐specific. In May and August, the animals were detected more often at river junctions than in the lake, but vice versa from November to February. The rate of the porpoise detection was significantly higher in areas of fish presence than in areas of absence. The number of porpoises detected did not differ significantly between the sand dredging operation and the prohibition period (in 2008), although the number of vessels obviously declined in 2008. Ship traffic and bridges also did not appear to affect the presence of porpoises. These results showed the relative importance of the various environmental factors, which is important for conservation of not only Yangtze finless porpoise but also endangered isolated cetaceans.
Optimality Theory and Morphology
Authors: Xu Zheng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article introduces Realization Optimality Theory, a novel and promising morphological framework which adopts the formalism of Optimality Theory and encodes the morphological realization rules of, for example,Aronoff (1994)as ranked violable constraints. These language‐particular realization constraints are interspersed with universal markedness constraints of morphology. This treatment of morphological realization in terms of constraints successfully accounts for various widely discussed morphological phenomena such as blocking and extended morphological exponence, the emergence of an unmarked morph under morpho‐phonological conditions, syncretism and partial identity of forms.
Prosodic Breaks in Sentence Processing Investigated by Event‐Related Potentials
Authors: Bögels Sara , Schriefers Herbert , Vonk Wietske , Chwilla Dorothee J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractProsodic breaks (PBs) can indicate a sentence’s syntactic structure. Event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) are an excellent way to study auditory sentence processing, since they provide an on‐line measure across a complete sentence, in contrast to other on‐ and off‐line methods. ERPs for the first time allowed investigating the processing of a PB itself. PBs reliably elicit a closure positive shift (CPS). We first review several studies on the CPS, leading to the conclusion that it is elicited by abstract structuring or phrasing of the input. Then we review ERP findings concerning the role of PBs in sentence processing as indicated by ERP components like the N400, P600 and LAN. We focus on whether and how PBs can (help to) disambiguate locally ambiguous sentences. Differences in results between different studies can be related to differences in items, initial parsing preferences and tasks. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.