bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian trial of behavioural activation for people with schizophrenia experiencing negative symptoms: a feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Muyambi Kuda , Walsh Sandra , Dettwiller Pascale , Tan Kuan Liung , Dennis Shaun , Bressington Daniel , Gray Richard John , McCall Audrey , Jones Martin 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNegative symptoms are frequently experienced by people with schizophrenia. People with negative symptoms often have impaired social functioning and reduced quality of life. There is some evidence that cognitive–behavioural therapy results in a modest reduction in negative symptoms. Behavioural activation may be an effective alternative treatment for negative symptoms.The study aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a behavioural activation trial delivered in three community mental health services in South Australia to support adult consumers experiencing negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Method and analysisThis randomised controlled study will recruit a total of 60 consumers aged 18 years or above with mild-moderate negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The consumers will be randomly allocated to receive behavioural activation plus usual mental healthcare or usual mental healthcare alone. The intervention group will receive twelve 30 min sessions of behavioural activation, which will be delivered twice weekly over 6 weeks. In addition, we aim to recruit nine mental health workers from the three rural mental health services who will complete a 10-week online training programme in behavioural activation. Changes in negative symptoms of schizophrenia and depressive symptoms will be assessed at three time points: (a) at baseline, at 6 weeks and 3 month follow-ups. Changes in health-related quality of life (Short Form F36; secondary outcome) will be assessed at two time points: (a) at baseline and (b) immediately at postintervention after 6 weeks. At the end of the trial, interviews will be conducted with purposively selected mental health workers and consumers. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis will be used to assess feasibility and acceptability.Ethics and disseminationThe findings from our feasibility study will inform the design of a fully powered randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of behavioural activation as a treatment for negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The study protocol was approved by the Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee. The findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12623000348651p.
Contextually appropriate nurse staffing models: a realist review protocol
Authors: Tate Kaitlyn , Penconek Tatiana , Booth Andrew , Harvey Gillian , Flynn Rachel , Lalleman Pieterbas , Wolbers Inge , Hoben Matthias , Estabrooks Carole A , Cummings Greta G 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionDecisions about nurse staffing models are a concern for health systems globally due to workforce retention and well-being challenges. Nurse staffing models range from all Registered Nurse workforce to a mix of differentially educated nurses and aides (regulated and unregulated), such as Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurses and Health Care Aides. Systematic reviews have examined relationships between specific nurse staffing models and client, staff and health system outcomes (eg, mortality, adverse events, retention, healthcare costs), with inconclusive or contradictory results. No evidence has been synthesised and consolidated on how, why and under what contexts certain staffing models produce different outcomes. We aim to describe how we will (1) conduct a realist review to determine how nurse staffing models produce different client, staff and health system outcomes, in which contexts and through what mechanisms and (2) coproduce recommendations with decision-makers to guide future research and implementation of nurse staffing models.Methods and analysisUsing an integrated knowledge translation approach with researchers and decision-makers as partners, we are conducting a three-phase realist review. In this protocol, we report on the final two phases of this realist review. We will useCitation tracking, tracingLead authors, identifyingUnpublished materials, GoogleScholar searching,Theory tracking, ancestry searching forEarly examples, and follow-up ofRelated projects (CLUSTER) searching, specifically designed for realist searches as the review progresses. We will search empirical evidence to test identified programme theories and engage stakeholders to contextualise findings, finalise programme theories document our search processes as per established realist review methods.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was provided by the Health Research Ethics Board of the University of Alberta (Study ID Pro00100425). We will disseminate the findings through peer-reviewed publications, national and international conference presentations, regional briefing sessions, webinars and lay summary.
Effects of state opioid prescribing laws on rates of fatal crashes in the USA
Authors: White Sarah A , McGinty Emma E , Origenes Alexandra N , Vernick Jon S 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundState opioid prescribing cap laws, mandatory prescription drug monitoring programme query or enrolment laws and pill mill laws have been implemented across US states to curb high-risk opioid prescribing. Previous studies have measured the impact of these laws on opioid use and overdose death, but no prior work has measured the impact of these laws on fatal crashes in a multistate analysis.MethodsTo study the association between state opioid prescribing laws and fatal crashes, 13 treatment states that implemented a single law of interest in a 4-year period were identified, together with unique groups of control states for each treatment state. Augmented synthetic control analyses were used to estimate the association between each state law and the overall rate of fatal crashes, and the rate of opioid-involved fatal crashes, per 100 000 licensed drivers in the state. Fatal crash data came from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System.ResultsResults of augmented synthetic control analyses showed small-in-magnitude, non-statistically significant changes in all fatal crash outcomes attributable to the 13 state opioid prescribing laws. While non-statistically significant, results attributable to the laws varied in either direction—from an increase of 0.14 (95% CI, −0.32 to 0.60) fatal crashes per 100 000 licensed drivers attributable to Ohio’s opioid prescribing cap law, to a decrease of 0.30 (95% CI, −1.17 to 0.57) fatal crashes/100 000 licensed drivers attributable to Mississippi’s pill mill law.ConclusionThese findings suggest that state-level opioid prescribing laws are insufficient to help address rising rates of fatally injured drivers who test positive for opioids. Other options will be needed to address this continuing injury problem.
Low-profile mechanical thrombectomy devices for large vessel occlusion in pediatric ischemic stroke
Authors: Oushy Soliman , Garton Andrew , Orbach Darren B , See Alfred Pokmeng 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a well-established treatment modality for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in adults, but there are limited data in the pediatric population. The rarity of the condition makes prospective trial design difficult, and therefore evaluation of MT devices and outcomes is sparse. In pediatric LVO cases, some newer devices may be appropriate for use in revascularization procedures. Furthermore, illustrative specific device-access combinations have rarely been presented in young patients under the age of 5 years.MethodsThis was a single institution experience in intracranial MT procedures for pediatric acute ischemic stroke (AIS). A given procedure was included if there was an attempt at MT between 2015 and 2023.ResultsSixteen endovascular procedures were performed in 15 patients with AIS, with a mean age of 7.4 years; eight patients were <5 years of age. MT was attempted in 15/16 (93.7%) procedures, including 11 (73.3%) in the anterior circulation and four (26.7%) in the posterior circulation; one case recanalized after medical treatment. The most common MT techniques were combined aspiration with a stentriever (n=10, 66.7%) and aspiration alone (n=3, 20%). Traditional stentrievers (4–6 mm) were used in seven cases and low-profile stentrievers in four cases. Improved reperfusion was achieved in all low-profile stentriever cases. Reperfusion of modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infaction ≥2b was obtained in 73.3% of cases, including 72.7% of those in which a stentriever was used.ConclusionsLow-profile thrombectomy devices may achieve similar revascularization results to other approaches in challenging clinical scenarios observed in younger children.
Use of a dedicated open transcarotid access system for neurovascular disease
Authors: Sujijantarat Nanthiya , Renedo Daniela , Antonios Joseph , Koo Andrew B , Amllay Abdelaziz , Nowicki Kamil , Cord Branden J , Hebert Ryan , de Havenon Adam , Sheth Kevin N , Petersen Nils H , Matouk Charles 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTranscarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is an increasingly popular technique for the management of extracranial carotid stenosis. Its off-label use in the treatment of intracranial neurovascular disease is poorly described. Our objective is to describe the use of a dedicated open transcarotid access system for the treatment of neurovascular pathologies other than extracranial carotid stenosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of consecutive patients who underwent treatment of neurovascular disease at a single academic center using the ENROUTE Transcarotid Arterial Sheath. Demographics, procedural characteristics, and patient outcomes were reported.ResultsTwenty patients were included in the study between September 2017 and March 2023. The following pathologies were treated: intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD, nine patients), complex cervico-petrous carotid disease (five patients), intracranial aneurysms (three patients), and large vessel occlusion-acute ischemic stroke (three patients). Eighteen of the 20 cases were performed with active carotid flow reversal. All cases were successfully completed. There were no access-related complications. One periprocedural complication was incurred: a microguidewire perforation during an exchange maneuver for the treatment of ICAD.ConclusionAn open transcarotid approach using a dedicated transcarotid system may offer a safe alternative access strategy for the endovascular treatment of complex neurovascular pathologies when a traditional transfemoral or transradial approach is contraindicated or failed.
Well-being in newly qualified doctors: exploring the value of peer-led reflective sessions
Authors: Van Den Berghe Christen , Jaffe Yvette , Lachmann Emily , Ladan Zahra , Buckland Amber , Laurent Sue , Needleman Sarah , Shanmugalingam Shanthi 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionFollowing the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing pressures within the National Health Service, there has been an increasing concern about the well-being of junior doctors in the UK. Newly qualified doctors are particularly vulnerable due to the significant shift in responsibility they experience.ObjectivesTo implement peer-led reflective session for foundation year 1 (FY1) (first-year postgraduation) doctors and to create a dedicated space in which doctors could share difficult or challenging experiences.MethodsIn 2021 and 2022, peer-led reflective sessions were held for FY1s in a district general hospital in London, England. Feedback assessing well-being, perceived levels of support, as well as session benefits and areas for improvement, was obtained throughout the year. Qualitative feedback underwent thematic analysis to understand key benefits of the sessions.ResultsFeedback collected at the launch of the initiative revealed that over 80% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that their mental health and well-being had been negatively impacted by work. The majority felt additional support was needed. All attendees found reflective sessions useful. Key benefits were as follows: the provision of a safe psychological space, sharing experiences and reflecting with peers, building relationships with colleagues and the reassurance that others struggled with similar challenges.ConclusionFY1 doctors reported that starting work negatively affected their well-being and that additional support was needed. Facilitated peer-led reflective sessions were beneficial and offered a supportive environment for FY1s to share and reflect. We propose the initiative can serve members of the wider healthcare team, including doctors of different grades and nurses.
Impact of age at ivacaftor initiation on pulmonary outcomes among people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Merlo Christian A , McGarry Lisa J , Thorat Teja , Nguyen Catherine , DerSarkissian Maral , Muthukumar Aruna , Healy Joe , Brookhart M Alan , Rubin Jaime L 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIvacaftor (IVA) improves lung function and other extrapulmonary outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the effect of initiating IVA at earlier versus later ages has not been studied.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study of people in the US CF Foundation Patient Registry aged ≥6 years with ≥1 CF transmembrane conductance regulator–gating mutation to compare the effects of initiating IVA at earlier ages on per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1) and pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) outcomes. People with CF were grouped by age at IVA initiation (ages 6–10, 11–15, 16–20 and 21–25 years) to perform three analyses of younger versus older IVA initiation (6–10 vs 11–15, 11–15 vs 16–20 and 16–20 vs 21–25 years). For each analysis, baseline characteristics assessed over 1-year periods at the same age prior to IVA initiation were balanced by standardised mortality/morbidity ratio (SMR) weighting. For each analysis, outcomes were compared over a 5-year outcome assessment period when both groups were in the same age range and receiving IVA.FindingsBaseline characteristics were well balanced between younger and older IVA initiator groups after SMR weighting. In the outcome assessment period, younger IVA initiators had significantly higher mean ppFEV1than older initiators across all comparisons, and those initiating IVA between ages 6–10 and 11–15 years had significantly lower PEx rates.InterpretationStudy findings showed the importance of early IVA initiation in people with CF.
C17-833 camelina
Authors: Eynck C. , Zatylny A.M. , Klein-Gebbinck H.W. , Falk K.C. 
Published: May 2024

Camelina ( Camelina sativa) elite germplasm C17-833 was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre. It was developed through hybridization of camelina cultivar AAC 10CS0048 and F4 line 11CS0231-24-10 and subsequent pedigree selection. C17-833 yields significantly higher (114%) than the check cultivar AAC 10CS0048. It also has significantly higher seed oil content (42.6% vs. 41.9%) and significantly larger seeds (126%). C17-833 has very good resistance to downy mildew disease caused by Hyalonospora camelinae and is adapted to all soil zones of the Canadian Prairies.
Efficacy of Ni2+ on modification the structure, ultrasonic, optical, and radiation shielding behaviors of potassium lead borate glasses
Authors: Abd-Allah W. M. , Afifi M. , Abdelhamied M. M. , Ramadan W. , Rayan D. A. , Mesady I. A. El 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the method of preparing (60 − x) B2O3–20 K2O–20 PbO–x NiO, coded as (NiO x), and x = (0–10 mol%) glass systems fabricated through the melt-quench technique. The prepared glass was characterized through X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD); the mechanical behavior of the glass samples was investigated using the ultrasonic technique, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, the optical reflectance R(λ), refractive index (n), optical conductivity (σopt), the dispersion parameters of the studied samples were deduced using Wemple and Di-Domenico models. The results obtained were reported in detail. One of the fundamental parameters used to evaluate the interaction of radiation with shielding material was the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), which was obtained using Phy/X software and PHITS code program. It was used to calculate radiation interaction parameters, e.g., linear (μL) attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number (Zeff), half value layer HVL, mean free path (MFP) and the average atomic cross section, σt. Comparing the shielding behavior of the glass samples revealed that (NiO 10) glass demonstrated the highest μm and μL compared to the other samples. The maximum μm values equal 48.13, 48.73, 49.42, 50.59, and 51.08 cm2/g for (NiO 0) to (NiO 10), recorded at 0.015 MeV, respectively. This study shows that increasing the amount of NiO in the preferred glass samples leads to achieving high-performance radiation shielding materials.
Graphical abstract
Combination Immunotherapy with Vaccine and Oncolytic HSV Virotherapy Is Time Dependent
Authors: Totsch Stacie K. , Ishizuka Andrew S. , Kang Kyung-Don , Gary Sam E. , Rocco Abbey , Fan Aaron E. , Zhou Li , Valdes Pablo A. , Lee SeungHo , Li Jason , Peruzzotti-Jametti Luca , Blitz Sarah , Garliss Christopher M. , Johnston James M. , Markert James M. , Lynn Geoffrey M. , Bernstock Joshua D. , Friedman Gregory K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy or immunovirotherapy is a strategy that utilizes viruses to selectively infect and kill tumor cells while also stimulating an immune response against the tumor. Early clinical trials in both pediatric and adult patients using oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSV) have demonstrated safety and promising efficacy; however, combinatorial strategies designed to enhance oncolysis while also promoting durable T-cell responses for sustaining disease remission are likely required. We hypothesized that combining the direct tumor cell killing and innate immune stimulation by oHSV with a vaccine that promotes T cell–mediated immunity may lead to more durable tumor regression. To this end, we investigated the preclinical efficacy and potential synergy of combining oHSV with a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine codelivering peptide antigens and Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonists (referred to as SNAPvax),which induces robust tumor-specific T-cell immunity. We then assessed how timing of the treatments (i.e., vaccine before or after oHSV) impacts T-cell responses, viral replication, and preclinical efficacy. The sequence of treatments was critical, as survival was significantly enhanced when the SNAPvax vaccine was given prior to oHSV. Increased clinical efficacy was associated with reduced tumor volume and increases in virus replication and tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells. These findings substantiate the criticality of combination immunotherapy timing and provide preclinical support for combining SNAPvax with oHSV as a promising treatment approach for both pediatric and adult tumors.
Inhibition of Hmbox1 Promotes Cardiomyocyte Survival and Glucose Metabolism Through Gck Activation in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bei Yihua , Zhu Yujiao , Zhou Jingwen , Ai Songwei , Yao Jianhua , Yin Mingming , Hu Meiyu , Qi Weitong , Spanos Michail , Li Lin , Wei Meng , Huang Zhenzhen , Gao Juan , Liu Chang , van der Kraak Petra H. , Li Guoping , Lei Zhiyong , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Xiao Junjie 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth regulators may protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Homeobox-containing 1 (Hmbox1), a homeobox family member, has been identified as a putative transcriptional repressor and is downregulated in the exercised heart. However, its roles in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth and its potential protective effects against cardiac I/R injury remain largely unexplored.

METHODS:
We studied the function of Hmbox1 in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth in mice after 4 weeks of swimming exercise. Hmbox1 expression was then evaluated in human heart samples from deceased patients with myocardial infarction and in the animal cardiac I/R injury model. Its role in cardiac I/R injury was examined in mice with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector-mediated Hmbox1 knockdown and in those with cardiac myocyte–specific Hmbox1 ablation. We performed RNA sequencing, promoter prediction, and binding assays and identified glucokinase (Gck) as a downstream effector of Hmbox1. The effects of Hmbox1 together with Gck were examined in cardiomyocytes to evaluate their cell size, proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial respiration, and glycolysis. The function of upstream regulator of Hmbox1, ETS1, was investigated through ETS1 overexpression in cardiac I/R mice in vivo.

RESULTS:
We demonstrated that Hmbox1 downregulation was required for exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. Inhibition of Hmbox1 increased cardiomyocyte size in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes but did not affect cardiomyocyte proliferation. Under pathological conditions, Hmbox1 was upregulated in both human and animal postinfarct cardiac tissues. Furthermore, both cardiac myocyte–specific Hmbox1 knockout and AAV9-mediated Hmbox1 knockdown protected against cardiac I/R injury and heart failure. Therapeutic effects were observed when sh-Hmbox1 AAV9 was administered after I/R injury. Inhibition of Hmbox1 activated the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K pathway and transcriptionally upregulated Gck, leading to reduced apoptosis and improved mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in cardiomyocytes. ETS1 functioned as an upstream negative regulator of Hmbox1 transcription, and its overexpression was protective against cardiac I/R injury.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our studies unravel a new role for the transcriptional repressor Hmbox1 in exercise-induced physiological cardiac growth. They also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Hmbox1 to improve myocardial survival and glucose metabolism after I/R injury.
ConvoSense: Overcoming Monotonous Commonsense Inferences for Conversational AI
Authors: Finch Sarah E. , Choi Jinho D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mastering commonsense understanding and reasoning is a pivotal skill essential for conducting engaging conversations. While there have been several attempts to create datasets that facilitate commonsense inferences in dialogue contexts, existing datasets tend to lack in-depth details, restate information already present in the conversation, and often fail to capture the multifaceted nature of commonsense reasoning. In response to these limitations, we compile a new synthetic dataset for commonsense reasoning in dialogue contexts using GPT, ℂonvoSense, that boasts greater contextual novelty, offers a higher volume of inferences per example, and substantially enriches the detail conveyed by the inferences. Our dataset contains over 500,000 inferences across 12,000 dialogues with 10 popular inference types, which empowers the training of generative commonsense models for dialogue that are superior in producing plausible inferences with high novelty when compared to models trained on the previous datasets. To the best of our knowledge, ℂonvoSense is the first of its kind to provide such a multitude of novel inferences at such a large scale.