bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the Potential of Bi2S3‐Derived Bi Nanoplates: Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Selectivity in Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Ma Ahyeon , Lee Yongsoon , Seo Dongho , Kim Jiyoon , Park Soohyeok , Son Jihoon , Kwon Woosuck , Nam Dae‐Hyun , Lee Hyosung , Kim Yong‐Il , Um Han‐Don , Shin Hyeyoung , Nam Ki Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious electrocatalysts are extensively examined for their ability to selectively produce desired products by electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, an efficient CO2RR electrocatalyst doesn't ensure an effective co‐catalyst on the semiconductor surface for photoelectrochemical CO2RR. Herein, Bi2S3 nanorods are synthesized and electrochemically reduced to Bi nanoplates that adhere to the substrates for application in the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical CO2RR. Compared with commercial‐Bi, the Bi2S3‐derived Bi (S‐Bi) nanoplates on carbon paper exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for formate (HCOO−) in the electrochemical CO2RR, achieving a Faradaic efficiency exceeding 93%, with minimal H2 production over a wide potential range. This highly selective S‐Bi catalyst is being employed on the Si photocathode to investigate the behavior of electrocatalysts during photoelectrochemical CO2RR. The strong adhesion of the S‐Bi nanoplates to the Si nanowire substrate and their unique catalytic properties afford exceptional activity and selectivity for HCOO− under simulated solar irradiation. The selectivity observed in electrochemical CO2RR using the S‐Bi catalyst correlates with that seen in the photoelectrochemical CO2RR system. Combined pulsed potential methods and theoretical analyses reveal stabilization of the OCHO* intermediate on the S‐Bi catalyst under specific conditions, which is critical for developing efficient catalysts for CO2‐to‐HCOO− conversion.
Community‐engaged pedagogy in an emergency medicine clerkship: Teaching trauma‐informed addiction care and harm reduction through a peer‐assisted learning case
Authors: Fockele Callan , Lindgren Elsa , Ferreira Jordan , Salehipour Dena , Shandro Jamie , Jauregui Joshua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States continues to rise, yet this topic has limited coverage in most medical school curricula. The study partnered with academic and community harm reductionists to design a peer‐assisted learning case of opioid withdrawal to teach fourth‐year medical students about trauma‐informed OUD care and harm reduction services during their emergency medicine clerkship.MethodsAcademic and community harm reductionists iteratively codesigned this case in partnership with the research team. Community‐engaged pedagogy informed this process to promote social action and power sharing through education. This case was integrated into the existing weekly peer‐assisted learning curriculum (i.e., medical students teaching medical students through a structured case) for all fourth‐year medical students during their required emergency medicine clinical rotation. Participants completed a postcase evaluation survey.ResultsSixty‐four medical students completed the survey between June and November 2022. A total of 98.5% of participants found the educational session quite or extremely relevant to their medical education, and 87.5% believed the case to be quite or extremely effective in achieving the learning objectives. A total of 45.3% initially felt quite or extremely competent in talking with patients about their drug use, whereas 53.2% felt quite or extremely more competent after participating in the case. Finally, 21.9% initially felt quite or extremely competent in proposing a treatment plan for a patient who uses drugs, whereas 62.5% felt quite or extremely more competent after participating in the case.ConclusionsThis study supports the feasibility and importance of incorporating the voices of people with lived and living experience into medical school curricular development. This peer‐assisted learning case focused on the treatment of OUD in the emergency department was seamlessly integrated into the existing curriculum and well received by medical students. By engaging local experts, it could easily be adapted and expanded to other sites.
Comparison of the pathogenicity and neutrophil and monocyte response between SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype and Omicron BA.1 in a lethal mouse model
Authors: Rong Na , Wu Jing , Zhao Binbin , Peng Wanjun , Yang Hekai , Zhang Gengxin , Ruan Dangting , Wei Xiaohui , Liu Jiangning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2, first identified in late 2019, has given rise to numerous variants of concern (VOCs), posing a significant threat to human health. The emergence of Omicron BA.1.1 towards the end of 2021 led to a pandemic in early 2022. At present, the lethal mouse model for the study of SARS‐CoV‐2 needs supplementation, and the alterations in neutrophils and monocytes caused by different strains remain to be elucidated.MethodsHuman ACE2 transgenic mice were inoculated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype and Omicron BA.1, respectively. The pathogenicity of the two strains was evaluated by observing clinical symptoms, viral load and pathology. Complete blood count, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alterations of neutrophils and monocytes caused by the two strains.ResultsOur findings revealed that Omicron BA.1 exhibited significantly lower virulence compared to the SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype in the mouse model. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of neutrophils late in infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype and Omicron BA.1. We found that the proportion of monocytes increased at first and then decreased. The trends in the changes in the proportions of neutrophils and monocytes induced by the two strains were similar.ConclusionOur study provides valuable insights into the utility of mouse models for simulating the severe disease of SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype infection and the milder manifestation associated with Omicron BA.1. SARS‐CoV‐2 prototype and Omicron BA.1 resulted in similar trends in the changes in neutrophils and monocytes.
Orthogonal Radical and Cationic Single‐Unit Monomer Insertions for Engineering Polymer Architectures
Authors: Wei Ze , He Wei , Liu Zhihua , Lin Yating , Wang Maolin , Li Liang , Wu Chunxiao , Yang Sheng , Liu Guhuan , Yang Ronghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe single‐unit monomer insertion (SUMI), derived from living/controlled polymerization, can be directly functionalized at the end or within the chain of polymers prepared by living/controlled polymerization, offering potential applications in the preparation of polymers with complex architectures. Many scenarios demand the simultaneous incorporation of monomers suitable for different polymerization methods into complex polymers. Therefore, it becomes imperative to utilize SUMI technologies with diverse mechanisms, especially those that are compatible with each other. Here, we reported the orthogonal SUMI technique, seamlessly combining radical and cationic SUMI approaches. Through the careful optimization of monomer and chain transfer agent pairs and adjustments to reaction conditions, we can efficiently execute both radical and cationic SUMI processes in one pot without mutual interference. The utilization of orthogonal SUMI pairs facilitates the integration of radical and cationic reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various configurations. This flexibility enables the synthesis of diblock, triblock, and star polymers that incorporate both cationically and radically polymerizable monomers. Moreover, we have successfully implemented a mixing mechanism of free radicals and cations in RAFT step‐growth polymerization, resulting in the creation of a side‐chain sequence‐controlled polymer brushes.
Opening and Constructing Stable Lithium‐ion Channels within Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Zhao Yangmingyue , Li Libo , Zhou Da , Ma Yue , Zhang Yonghong , Yang Hang , Fan Shubo , Tong Hao , Li Suo , Qu Wenhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries play an integral role in various aspects of daily life, yet there is a pressing need to enhance their safety and cycling stability. In this study, we have successfully developed a highly secure and flexible solid‐state polymer electrolyte (SPE) through the in situ polymerization of allyl acetoacetate (AAA) monomers. This SPE constructed an efficient Li+ transport channel inside and effectively improved the solid‐solid interface contact of solid‐state batteries to reduce interfacial impedance. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent thermal stability, an ionic conductivity of 3.82×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature (RT), and a Li+ transport number (tLi+) of 0.66. The numerous oxygen vacancies on layered inorganic SiO2 created an excellent environment for TFSI− immobilization. Free Li+ migrated rapidly at the C=O equivalence site with the poly(allyl acetoacetate) (PAAA) matrix. Consequently, when cycled at 0.5C and RT, it displayed an initial discharge specific capacity of 140.6 mAh g−1 with a discharge specific capacity retention rate of 70 % even after 500 cycles. Similarly, when cycled at a higher rate of 5C, it demonstrated an initial discharge specific capacity of 132.3 mAh g−1 while maintaining excellent cycling stability.
Boosting Solar‐Driven CO2 Conversion to Ethanol via Single‐Atom Catalyst with Defected Low‐Coordination Cu‐N2 Motif
Authors: Shi Hainan , Liang Yan , Hou Jungang , Wang Haozhi , Jia Zhenghao , Wu Jiaming , Song Fei , Yang Hong , Guo Xinwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCu‐based catalysts have been shown to selectively catalyze CO2 photoreduction to C2+ solar fuels. However, they still suffer from poor activity and low selectivity. Herein, we report a high‐performance carbon nitride supported Cu single‐atom catalyst featuring defected low‐coordination Cu‐N2 motif (Cu‐N2‐V). Lead many recently reported photocatalysts and its Cu‐N3 and Cu‐N4 counterparts, Cu‐N2‐V exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to ethanol and delivers 69.8 μmol g−1 h−1 ethanol production rate, 97.8 % electron‐based ethanol selectivity, and a yield of ~10 times higher than Cu‐N3 and Cu‐N4. Revealed by the extensive experimental investigation combined with DFT calculations, the superior photoactivity of Cu‐N2‐V stems from its defected Cu‐N2 configuration, in which the Cu sites are electron enriched and enhance electron delocalization. Importantly, Cu in Cu‐N2‐V exist in both Cu+ and Cu2+ valence states, although predominantly as Cu+. The Cu+ sites support the CO2 activation, while the co‐existence of Cu+/Cu2+ sites are highly conducive for strong *CO adsorption and subsequent *CO‐*CO dimerization enabling C−C coupling. Furthermore, the hollow microstructure of the catalyst also promotes light adsorption and charge separation efficiency. Collectively, these make Cu‐N2‐V an effective and high‐performance catalyst for the solar‐driven CO2 conversion to ethanol. This study also elucidates the C‐C coupling reaction path via *CO‐*CO to *COCOH and rate‐determining step, and reveals the valence state change of partial Cu species from Cu+ to Cu2+ in Cu‐N2‐V during CO2 photoreduction reaction.
Rare Earth Single‐Atom Catalysis for High‐Performance Li−S Full Battery with Ultrahigh Capacity
Authors: Zhou Rong , Ren Yongqiang , Li Weixin , Guo Meng , Wang Yinan , Chang Haixin , Zhao Xin , Hu Wei , Zhou Guowei , Gu Shaonan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have many advantages but still face problems such as retarded polysulfides redox kinetics and Li dendrite growth. Most reported single atom catalysts (SACs) for Li−S batteries are based on d‐band transition metals whose d orbital constitutes active valence band, which is inclined to occur catalyst passivation. SACs based on 4f inner valence orbital of rare earth metals are challenging for their great difficulty to be activated. In this work, we design and synthesize the first rare earth metal Sm SACs which has electron‐rich 4f inner orbital to promote catalytic conversion of polysulfides and uniform deposition of Li. Sm SACs enhance the catalysis by the activated 4f orbital through an f‐d‐p orbital hybridization. Using Sm‐N3C3 modified separators, the half cells deliver a high capacity over 600 mAh g−1 and a retention rate of 84.3 % after 2000 cycles. The fabricated Sm‐N3C3‐Li|Sm‐N3C3@PP|S/CNTs full batteries can provide an ultra‐stable cycling performance of a retention rate of 80.6 % at 0.2 C after 100 cycles, one of the best full Li−S batteries. This work provides a new perspective for the development of rare earth metal single atom catalysis in electrochemical reactions of Li−S batteries and other electrochemical systems for next‐generation energy storage.
Improved Synthesis of Hollow Fiber SSZ‐13 Zeolite Membranes for High‐Pressure CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Peng Xingyu , Chen Lingjie , You Lekai , Jin Yang , Zhang Chun , Ren Shengyuan , Kapteijn Freek , Wang Xuerui , Gu Xuehong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐silica CHA zeolite membranes are highly desired for natural gas upgrading because of their separation performance in combination with superior mechanical and chemical stability. However, the narrow synthesis condition range significantly constrains scale‐up preparation. Herein, we propose a facile interzeolite conversion approach using the FAU zeolite to prepare SSZ‐13 zeolite seeds, featuring a shorter induction and a longer crystallization period of the membrane synthesis on hollow fiber substrates. The membrane thickness was constant at ~3 μm over a wide span of synthesis time (24‐96 h), while the selectivity (separation efficiency) was easily improved by extending the synthesis time without compromising permeance (throughput). At 0.2 MPa feed pressure and 303 K, the membranes showed an average CO2 permeance of (5.2±0.5)×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 (1530 GPU), with an average CO2/CH4 mixture selectivity of 143±7. Minimal defects ensure a high selectivity of 126 with a CO2 permeation flux of 0.4 mol m−2 s−1 at 6.1 MPa feed pressure, far surpassing requirements for industrial applications. The feasibility for successful scale‐up of our approach was further demonstrated by the batch synthesis of 40 cm‐long hollow fiber SSZ‐13 zeolite membranes exhibiting CO2/CH4 mixture selectivity up to 400 (0.2 MPa feed pressure and 303 K) without using sweep gas.
Degradation of iron‐nickel alloy interconnects in contact with lanthanum nickelates based double‐layer electrodes during long‐term tests
Authors: Eremin Vadim A. , Ananyev Maxim V. , Solodyankin Anton A. , Markin Alexander A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on long‐term tests held during 1,000 h on different Membrane‐Electrode‐Interconnect Assemblies (MEIAs), consisting of an Fe‐Ni alloy interconnect and an electrochemical cell based on a Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ electrolyte, the double‐layer working electrode with a La2NiO4 + δ – Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ composite functional layer, and a LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3–δ current collector layer, and a platinum reference electrode (O2, LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3–δ|La2NiO4 + δ – Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ|Ce0.8Sm0.2O2–δ|Pt, O2). These tests were carried out on MEIAs with the Cr‐free 47ND alloy of the Fe–Ni system with and without surface modification at 850°C in air. The electrochemical performance of MEIAs was studied without polarization as well as under cathodic and anodic polarization with current density 0.5 A cm−2 by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The mechanism of the MEIA evolution during long‐term test is discussed.
Preparation and self‐healing properties of epoxy vitrimer materials based on imine bonds
Authors: Yan Tong , Jiang Hao , Pang Wuting , He Tinglei , Cheng Meng , Wang Zhikun , Li Chunling , Sun Shuangqing , Hu Songqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVitrimer materials have machinability and stability because of their shape remodeling and self‐healing properties at high temperatures. This article reports the synthesis of epoxy resin using vanillin, p‐aminophenol, and epichlorohydrin as raw materials, and polyetheramine‐400 as a curing agent. To study the effect of free amine on the mechanical and self‐healing properties, two materials with epoxy and amine stoichiometric ratios of 1:1 and 1:1.2 were studied, respectively. The experimental results show that when the molar ratio of epoxy to amine stoichiometric is 1:1.2 (V1:1.2), the tensile strength of vitrimer materials can reach 5.4 MPa and the self‐healing efficiency can reach 99.5% after 6 h of healing at 120°C. When the molar ratio is 1:1 (V1:1), the obtained epoxy material has a higher tensile strength of 9.5 MPa. After 24 h of healing at 120°C, the self‐healing efficiency can reach 83.4%. In addition, epoxy vitrimer materials can be remodeled at 120°C, and the self‐healing and mechanical properties are not influenced after remodeling. This work proposes a novel preparation method for epoxy vitrimer materials, which is beneficial to the development of high‐strength remodelable self‐healing materials.
Enhancing gamma radiation shielding properties of iron metal and natural rubber composites
Authors: El‐Khatib Ahmed M. , Doma Ahmed S. , Abbass M. Marzouk , Hassan M. Fayez , Abbas Mahmoud I. , Abd El‐Latif Mona M. , Gouda Mona M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA comparative study was conducted to investigate the gamma and neutron radiation shielding properties of composites made from iron metal (micro and nano) dispersed within natural rubber (NR). The aim was to attenuate neutron and γ‐rays. The study utilized the gamma spectroscopy technique and the Monte Carlo FLUKA code. To assess the gamma ray shielding, a 3×3 Nal (Tl) detector and radioactive point sources were employed. Two comparative studies were carried out, one using Fe loaded NR (Fe/NR) composites in microsize and the other using Fe/NR composites in nanosize. The objective was to determine the impact of iron nanoparticles on the shielding ability of the composites. The findings revealed that the Fe/NR composites in nanosize exhibited superior gamma radiation shielding ability compared with the Fe/NR composites in microsize. These results were supported by the FLUKA Monte Carlo code, which demonstrated good agreement with both the experimental and theoretical XCOM data.
Interpellation and group polarization: Aspects of group hatred
Authors: White Robert S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGroup hate, a phenomenon increasingly prevalent in recent world history, manifests in ethnic hatred, mass killings, terrorism, and war. In this context, psychoanalysis offers a unique perspective, modestly contributing to the understanding of group hate through the analysis of human aggression and defenses against such aggression. Human beings, while requiring a group life to maintain basic security, often fear being immersed and judged by other individuals in the group. This paper delves into three mechanisms, interpellation, group polarization, and projective identification, that individuals employ to defend against such fears. Interpellation, for instance, sheds light on how cultural forces, referred to as ideology, influence personal identity. The latter two mechanisms, group polarization, and projective identification, foster in‐group solidarity and hatred of the out‐group, thereby perpetuating widening splits and cycles of hatred and vengeance between groups. The paper concludes by advocating for the humanization of the hated others, setting aside fantasies of vengeance, and finding areas of compromise as the way forward. A secondary goal of the paper is to address the split within psychoanalysis between intrapsychic and interpersonal concepts.
Ultrahigh‐Ni Cathode with Superior Structure Stability Enabled by a Covalent Bonding Strategy
Authors: Li Caihu , Zhang Xudong , Cui Yichao , Xu Yanan , Zhang Xiong , Sun Xianzhong , Wang Kai , Ma Yanwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUltrahigh‐nickel layered oxide cathodes are the most promising cathode materials for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. However, the rapid structural degradation during cycling charge‐discharge process limits its commercial application. Herein, we report a covalent pinning strategy to enhance structure stability of ultrahigh‐Ni cathode LiNi0.9Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (NCM90). Zr is gradient diffused into the lattice of NCM90 and forms Zr−O bonds during the sintering process, which can effectively alleviate the lattice distortion like introducing pinning centers due to the stronger bond energy, enhancing its structure stability during charge‐discharge process. In the meanwhile, the Zr−O on the surface of NCM90 powder forms LixZryOz coating layer due to the reaction with lithium residue, which prevents from the edge reconstruction and mitigates the occurrence of side reactions, as well as ensuring a fast Li+ diffusion pathway crossing the interface. As a result, the Zr−O modified NCM90 (Zr‐NCM) achieves 88.8 % remarkable capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles over 2.8–4.3 V, which is superior to the pristine NCM90 with 71.2 % retention. This work demonstrates that the Zr−O bonding can provide an effective structure pinning for the ultrahigh‐Ni cathode, which will largely guide the development of high‐performance lithium‐ion battery cathode materials.
Evaluation of the potential of activated sludge biomass from Nigeria as a feedstock for biodiesel production
Authors: Edeh Ifeanyichukwu , Ozori Keniwenimo Emmanuel , Ngochingo Ezekiel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDepleting fossil fuel reserves and the effects of greenhouse gases on climate change have led to the investigation of alternative energy sources such as biofuel, including biodiesel and renewable diesel. Unfortunately, the cost of the feedstock exceeds 70% of the total production cost. The current work investigates the potential of utilizing a waste product (activated sludge biomass) from wastewater treatment, as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. The activated sludge biomass was pretreated with subcritical water to enhance the lipid yield before extracting the lipid using solvent extraction. The result showed that lipid yield from the activated sludge was 4.73–8.58%. After subcritical water pretreatment with varying residence time, temperature, and biomass loading, the lipid yield increased by 158.04–400%. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from the transesterification of the lipid extract using calcined egg shell as a catalyst identified the following lipids: triglyceride, fatty acids, sphingolipid, phospholipid, glycerolipid, glycerophospholipid, steroid, and cholesterol. The predominant lipid was triglyceride, and the high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (23.54%), eicosadienoic acid (8.37%), and oleic acid (6.23%) suggest that the lipid extract is a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
Radiosensitivity in a newborn with microcephaly: A case report of Nijmegen breakage syndrome
Authors: Cakmak Genc Gunes , Yilmaz Busra , Karakas Celik Sevim , Aydemir Cumhur , Eroz Recep , Dursun Ahmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimNijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive DNA repair disorder which is characterized by immunodeficiency and increased risk of lymphoproliferative malignancy.CaseWe observed an increase in the rate of chromosomal rearrangements in the cultured cells following an incidental radiograph for craniosynostosis in a newborn who was followed up due to microcephaly. We identified a homozygous deletion of c.657_661delACAAA/p.Lys219fs (rs587776650) in the NBN gene through whole exome sequencing.ConclusionIt is crucial to thoroughly examine the clinical features of newborns with microcephaly and consider chromosomal instability syndromes just like Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Not overlooking radiosensitivity, which is a characteristic feature of this syndrome, is a vital condition to the patient's survival time.