bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating mechanical properties and specific gravity for five-year-old Eucalyptus tereticornis having broad moisture content range by NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Kothiyal Vimal , Raturi Aasheesh 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis has been used to predict the specific gravity, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and fiber stress at elastic limit in bending tests on radial and tangential strip wood samples obtained from five-year-old Eucalyptus tereticornis. Moisture content of samples was 6–21% for bending test and 7–16% for specific gravity. Partial least squares regression calibrations were developed for each wood property. Calibrations had good relationships between values measured in laboratory and NIR predicted values obtained from small clear samples. The coefficient of determination (R2) for calibration ranged from 0.76 to 0.83 and for prediction (Rp
2) it was between 0.58 and 0.77. Both radial and tangential faces are equally suited for calibration (for radial face R2 was 0.77–0.83 and for tangential it was 0.76–0.83). Standard errors of predictions were slightly higher compared to standard error of calibration.
MgSO4 vs. Mg(OH)2 as a cellulose protector in oxygen delignification
Authors: Bouchard Jean , Wang Jie , Berry Richard 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
It has been proposed that magnesium hydroxide can replace magnesium sulfate as a lower cost cellulose protector. This claim has been evaluated based on four commercial unbleached softwood kraft pulps. The selectivity was improved in the presence of soluble MgSO4, but little or no selectivity improvement was obtained when insoluble Mg(OH)2 was applied. It was further observed that in-situ iron concentration in unbleached pulp affects selectivity of oxygen delignification, while in-situ calcium concentration affects efficiency of magnesium protection. The results favor the hypothesis of formation of a Mg-carbohydrate complex as the major mechanism of cellulose protection by magnesium. The application of a soluble magnesium compound is recommended to improve selectivity in oxygen delignification.
Paper-Centric User Interfaces for Integrating Printed and Digital Documents
Authors: Steimle Jürgen 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Traditional paper is still widely used in knowledge work due to its specific advantages. The dissertation aims at bridging the gap between paper and digital documents by advancing paper-centric user interfaces. It contributes the first theoretical model of pen-and-paper interfaces, guiding both their analysis and design. Moreover, it contributes novel interaction techniques for annotating, linking, and tagging printed and digital documents. Evaluation studies show that these techniques integrate both types of documents more closely and significantly increase efficiency and user satisfaction.
Growth hormone treatment before the age of 4 years prevents short stature in young girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Linglart A , Cabrol S , Berlier P , Stuckens C , Wagner K , de Kerdanet M , Limoni C , Carel J-C , Chaussain J-L , _ _ 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveAdult height deficit seen in Turner syndrome (TS) originates, in part, from growth retardation in utero and throughout the first 3 years of life. Earlier diagnosis enables earlier therapeutic intervention, such as with recombinant human GH (r-hGH), which may help to prevent growth retardation. In this open-label, multicentre phase III study, we investigated efficacy and safety in r-hGH treatment in young girls with TS.Subjects and methodsGirls (n=61) aged <4 years with TS receiving 0.035–0.05 mg/kg per day r-hGH for 4 years were compared with an historical control group (n=51) comprising untreated, age- and height-matched girls with TS. The main outcome measure was change in height SDS (H-SDS). Other measures included changes in height velocity SDS, IGF1 levels and glucose metabolism.ResultsAfter 4 years, a gain in mean H-SDS of 1.0 SDS (from −2.33±0.73 to −1.35±0.86 SDS) was observed with r-hGH treatment, in contrast to the decrease in mean H-SDS of 0.3 SDS in the control group (from −2.09±0.81 to −2.44±0.73 SDS; P<0.0001). r-hGH treatment was the main predictor of H-SDS gain and accounted for 52% of variability (multivariate analysis). r-hGH was well tolerated. As expected, IGF1 levels rose with treatment. A case of transient glucose intolerance resolved after dietary adaptation.ConclusionEarly treatment with r-hGH helps to prevent natural evolution towards short stature in most girls with TS. IGF1 levels and glucose metabolism should be monitored routinely during r-hGH therapy.
Bereaved Parents' Perceptions of the Autopsy Examination of Their Child
Authors: Sullivan Jane , Monagle Paul 
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE:
In this study we explored parental views of their child's autopsy, their experiences with autopsy-related processes, and the impact of the examination on their grief.

METHODS:
A survey design with a mailed questionnaire was used. The inclusion criteria were that an autopsy had been performed on the child and it was at least 3 months since his or her death. The questionnaire consisted of nonidentifying demographic details about the child, a standardized grief measure (parts A and B of the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief), and 28 questions with response sets and opportunities for comment. Fifty-three parents participated.

RESULTS:
Our findings suggest a complexity of perceptions associated with pediatric autopsy examination. A distinction was identified between the informational and altruistic benefits of autopsy and its supportive qualities. Ninety percent of parents valued autopsy as a means of finding out why their child died, and 77% appreciated its contribution to medical knowledge. The general unequivocal helpfulness for bereaved parents commonly ascribed to autopsy examinations was not found. Parents expressed uncertainty about their perceptions of autopsy. Forty-one percent of the parents felt that it helped them live with their loss and 30% found it a comfort, whereas 42% of the parents felt that their child's autopsy examination added to their grief. The results underscore the necessity for open discussion with parents about the realities of what autopsy can offer them.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results add to the knowledge about the meaning of autopsy for grieving parents and challenge some current beliefs.
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Dressing – Another Promising Tool to Reduce Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Hadaway Lynn 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Purpose
This article provides a description of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), its current uses and clinical outcomes, and potential uses.
Review of Relevant Literature
PHMB is an antiseptic agent from the cationic biocide family, which also includes chlorhexidine. In vitro testing has found it to be effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, fungi and viruses. Its action is directed toward disruption of the cell wall, a mechanism not known for developing resistance. PHMB is currently used for many other products and industries for more than 50 years. Dressings impregnated with PHMB are now successfully being used to prevent surgical site infections.
Discussion
Elimination of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) is now the achievable goal for all healthcare settings. The use of PHMB provides another engineering tool targeting the skin as the source of these infections. Successful use with prevention of surgical site infections is now being reported. These wounds can become infected with the same organisms as those found in CRBSI.
Implications for Clinical Practice
This agent should be considered for clinical studies to determine the rates of CRBSI reduction resulting from its use.
The Effects of Focused Nursing Education on 3F Groshong™ PICC Occlusion Rates: The Experience of One Tertiary Pediatric Care Facility.
Authors: Holt Dayna M , Lewis Cindy , Klimpel Kathy , Sloan Christine , Aguda Claire 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this project is to reduce the incidence of 3 Fr. Groshong™ PICC occlusions through focused nursing education. BACKGROUND: The use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC) has become an essential tool in the care of pediatric patients. The small lumen and long length of PICCs requires specialized skill and knowledge in proper care, maintenance and flushing in order to prevent catheter occlusion and other complications. Occluded catheters compromise patient care and increase costs. Reducing the incidence of catheter occlusion, will have a significant impact on the quality of patient care; patient, family and nursing satisfaction, patient outcomes, and costs. METHODS: A pre-test/post-test design using a convenience sample of all the core staff nurses working on the medical/surgical unit at a Southern California Children's Hospital was utilized. Objective measures included a written assessment of nursing knowledge, direct observations of nurses' flushing technique, and retrospective chart review to determine the rate of total catheter occlusion. RESULTS: Mean written test scores improved from 0.78 to 0.93 (p=0.00) Mean observation scores improved from 0.88 to 0.95, (p=0.004). The pre-test occlusion rate was 21.11/1000 catheter days. The post test occlusion rate was 15.49/1000 catheter days (p=0.057). CONCLUSION: Focused nursing education contributed to reducing 3F Groshong™ PICC occlusions and the associated costs due to PICC occlusions.
Surgical removal of an anal cyst caused by a protozoan parasite (Thelohanellus kitauei) from a koi (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Shin Sang Phil , Jee Hyang , Han Jee Eun , Kim Ji Hyung , Choresca Casiano H. , Jun Jin Woo , Kim Dae Yong , Park Se Chang 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-month-old koi (Cyprinus carpio) fish was examined at the animal hospital at Seoul National University for anal obstruction.
Clinical Findings—The affected fish was lethargic and anorexic, appeared depressed, and had a nodular obstruction at the anus. A biopsy specimen from the anal mass was submitted for histologic examination, which revealed a number of protozoa. On the basis of the morphological characteristics of the spores and the location of the plasmodia (ie, vegetative form of the parasite), a diagnosis of a cyst containing Thelohanellus kitauei was made. Thelohanellus kitauei is a protozoan parasite that affects freshwater fish by producing cyst-like tumors that may cause intestinal obstruction. Thelohanellus kitauei infection with cystic disease has been reported to affect Cyprinus spp worldwide.
Treatment and Outcome—The cyst was removed surgically. After surgery, low-concentration tricaine methanesulfonate immersion was used for sedation and antimicrobial treatment was administered. The surgical wound healed completely, and the fish was clinically normal 14 months after surgery.
Clinical Relevance—The successful outcome in this fish suggested that surgical removal may be a viable option for treatment of T kitauei infection in koi fish. The results of morphological analyses provided basic information on the relationships between tissue tropism and Thelohanellus spp.
Knowledge of Tuberculosis Treatment - A Survey Among Tuberculosis Patients in (DOTS) Program in Nepal
Authors: Bhatt CP , Bhatt AB , Shrestha B 
Published: March 2011

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) has a long history. Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, may have killed more persons than any other microbial pathogen. Objective: To find out patients knowledge about tuberculosis treatment. Method: The study was carried out among the tuberculosis patients attended DOTS program in Nepal. Open ended self administered questionnaires based on the knowledge about Tuberculosis treatment were given to the survey population, literate group were asked to fill up the questionnaire and illiterate group were interviewed by a trained interviewer. Results: This prospective study included 300 diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. The age of the respondents varied from 11-70 years. Males were outnumbered than females. Perception about the tuberculosis has been changed positively with the intervention of chemotherapy, 83% of the respondents knew that tuberculosis is a curable disease. Majority of the tuberculosis patients were found to be conscious about duration of treatment 8 months or more than 8 months (82%). Regarding the method of treatment, majority of them suggested consultation with doctor (75%). Knowledge for consequences of incomplete treatment, 25% of respondents answered disease may attack again and only 7.3% of the patients were aware that incomplete treatment will develop drug resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion: This survey showed that majority of patients knew that TB is a curable disease with regular treatment, duration of treatment and method of treatment. This will psychologically encourage them to abide by their treatment instructions. Patients’ knowledge about consequences of incomplete treatment was poor. This study suggests that more emphasis should be given on teaching patients about consequences of incomplete treatment. Key words: DOTS; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Chemotherapy; Multi-drug resistant DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4399SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 10-14
Role of Low-Leve Nitrogen Laser Therapy in Tubercular Cold Abscess Not Responding to Surgery & Chemotherapy
Authors: Jain NK , Bajpai A , Avashia S , Gupta PK 
Published: March 2011

Background: Tubercular empyema is one of the commonest chronic diseases in the developing countries of the world including India. As the problem of drug resistant strain of tubercular bacilli is increasing, new modalities of treatment that could act against resistant strain are needed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low- level nitrogen laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjuvant to anti-tubercular treatment in case of tubercular empyema that was not responding to conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs and repeated pus aspiration. Patient: The patient, a 19 year old male was diagnosed with tubercular empyema. He was not improving by conventional treatment and pus aspiration. The patient was administered intralesional nitrogen laser (337 nanometer, average power 5 mW) for 780 seconds at intervals of 72 hours up to 10 weeks. Results: After the fifth laser irradiation session, decrease in chest pain was reported and pus mixed with blood pleural fluid aspirated. After the tenth laser irradiation session, serous pleural fluid was aspirated. After 20 sessions of laser irradiation the empyema was healed completely and the patient also regained almost complete expansion of lung. Conclusion: LLLT was observed to results in the healing of the tubercular empyema and also found to make the empyema free of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, further randomized studies with more patients are needed to prove the efficacy of this method. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; empyema; laser DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4402SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 26-29
A Rare Case of Breast Tuberculosis - Report and Literature Review
Authors: Banu A , Poornima R 
Published: March 2011

Isolated Tuberculosis of Breast is uncommon, even in developing countries where pulmonary and other extrapulmonary manifestations are endemic. The significance of Breast tuberculosis is due to rare occurrence and mistaken identity with breast cancer and pyogenic breast abscess. Breast Tuberculosis has no defined clinical features. Radiological imaging is not diagnostic. The main sign and symptoms of this patient included a painful tender lump in the breast. The diagnosis was confirmed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology. Anti Tubercular Treatment was the therapeutic main stay. Surgical intervention was reserved for aspiration of cold abscess and excision of residual sinuses and masses. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4403SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 30-33
Hydrothermal deposition of single crystalline germanium nanorods
Authors: Pei L. Z. , Zhao H. S. , Tan W. , Yu H. Y. , Xia X. L. , Wang S. B. , Zhang Q.-F. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Single crystalline germanium nanorods have been prepared via a simple hydrothermal deposition process using Ge and GeO2 as the starting materials under the hydrothermal conditions of 400 °C and 7.1 – 8 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations show the diameter of the nanorods ranging from 70 nm to 500 nm and the length greater than 10 μm. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the nanorods are mainly composed of single crystalline Ge with cubic diamond structure. The growth process has been proposed as the CuGeO3-assisted growth mechanism.
Refusing to Bow to King Coal: Tales of Our Energy Future and Mountaintop Removal in Appalachian Coal Country
Authors: Scheberle Denise 
Published: March 2011

Michael Shnayerson. Coal River: How a Few Brave Americans Took on a Powerful Company—and the Federal Government—to Save the Land They Love. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 2008.Jeff Goodell. Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America’s Energy Future. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.Silas House and Jason Howard. Something’s Rising: Appalachians Fighting Mountaintop Removal. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2009.
The phonological analysis of Tea workers' language of Sylhet
Authors: Karim Md Asraful 
Published: March 2011

The means of communication among the workers of the tea estates in greater Sylhet, locally called 'Deshoali' Bhasha, has a lexicon that contains, among others, words of Hindi and Bengali origin. The present article includes some unfinished reflections on some aspects of the lexicon of this dialect and phonological analysis of 'Deshoali' Bhasha. Key words: Deshoali bhasha; aspect; analyzed; phonology; paradigms.DOI: 10.3329/dujl.v2i4.6906Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics Vol.2(4) August 2009 pp.173-184
Antiviral Effects of Interferon-β are Enhanced in the Absence of the Translational Suppressor 4E-BP1 in Myocarditis Induced by Coxsackievirus B3
Authors: Burke J Daniel , Sonenberg Nahum , Platanias Leonidas C , Fish Eleanor N 
Published: March 2011

Background Viral myocarditis is most frequently associated with infection by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Interferon (IFN)-β therapy has been studied and could reduce virally induced tissue damage and improve heart function. Methods In the present study we have investigated the role of translational suppression in the context of an IFN-α/β-mediated antiviral immune response to CVB3 infection. Specifically, we examined the effects of IFN-α/β treatment of CVB3-infected mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and splenocytes lacking eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 (4E-BP1), a suppressor of 5′-capped mRNA translation. Extending these in vitro studies, we examined the effects of CVB3 infection and IFN-β treatment in 4E-BP1-/- mice. Results Our data show that 4E-BP1-/- cells are more sensitive to the antiviral effects of IFN-α4 and IFN-β treatment than 4E-BP1+/+ cells when infected with CVB3. Similarly, 4E-BP1-/- mice are more sensitive to treatment with IFN-β, exhibiting lower viral titres in heart tissue than 4E-BP1+/+ mice during the course of infection. Additionally, we demonstrate that treatment with IFN-β reduces inflammatory infiltrates into the hearts of infected mice. Conclusions These data identify 4E-BP1 as a novel drug target to augment responsiveness to IFN-β therapy in CVB3-induced myocarditis.
Le syndrome pakistanais, ou la quête souvent irréaliste d'une coûteuse parité
Authors: Jaffrelot Christophe 
Published: March 2011

Le Pakistan trouve son origine dans la quête de pouvoir d’une élite issue de l’aristocratie musulmane de l’Inde du Nord qui revendiqua après 1857 un statut paritaire avec la majorité hindoue. L’école d’Aligarh de Sir Syed a façonné une culture politique fondée à la fois sur un sentiment de vulnérabilité et un complexe de supériorité vis-à-vis des hindous, justiﬁant ce statut d’exception (dont un électorat séparé) par l’importance historique des musulmans de l’Inde. Ce répertoire se cristallise avec la théorie des deux nations de Jinnah qui débouchera sur la partition de 1947. Il est recyclé ensuite au plan national à travers le One Unit Scheme de 1955, un des ressorts du séparatisme bangladeshi. Depuis 1947, le Pakistan cherche toutefois surtout à rivaliser avec l’Inde en s’armant à prix d’or, en se donnant une profondeur stratégique en Afghanistan, en « saignant l’Inde » au Cachemire quitte à pactiser avec des groupes islamistes et en se dotant de l’arme atomique. Outre que cette démarche est coûteuse, elle aura été à l’origine de deux partitions et aura favorisé l’essor de mouvements islamistes susceptibles de se retourner contre l’État.
Government policy, banks' strategies and the financial crisis: Contagion through interconnectedness
Authors: O’Connor Aidan 
Published: March 2011

Résumé : Le catalyseur de la crise financière qui a commencé en 2007 a été la chute de la valeur de l’immobilier résidentiel aux Etats-Unis faisant suite à une inflation significative. Cette chute touche un secteur auprès duquel les banques ont accru leurs engagements jusqu’à prêter à des clients fragiles, souvent à travers des intermédiaires non bancaires. Ces actifs financiers ont été distribués, titrisés et acquis par des investisseurs financiers et institutionnels dans de nombreux pays. Il est montré que les stratégies des banques ont été une réponse aux politiques nationales et à la demande des investisseurs mondiaux. Il y a eu un effet sur les marchés financiers, les économies et les institutions financières. En particulier, Northern Rock est une banque qui a du être nationalisée en raison d’un modèle de financement insoutenable. L’objet de cet article est de déterminer et d’évaluer les conditions, causes et catalyseur de la crise financière.
Dynamisme du capital-risque americain : l'IPO n'est plus la voie de sortie preferee
Authors: Lounes Malika 
Published: March 2011

Résumé :	Le but de cette étude est de tester l’existence d’une relation de dépendance entre le dynamisme du capital-risque américain et les deux principales opportunités de sorties qui s’offrent aux capital-risqueurs : l’introduction en bourse (IPO : Initial Public Offering) et la sortie par fusion-acquisition (M&A : Merger and Acquisition). Pour ce faire, nous utilisons des données trimestrielles pour les Etats-Unis issues de la base Thomson One Banker Private Equity couvrant la période 1970-2010. Deux approches empiriques sont utilisées, la première s’appuie sur le concept de cointégration et sur le modèle à correction d’erreur qui permet de spécifier une relation stable de long terme entre les investissements en capital-risque et le nombre d’opérations de M&A des entreprises soutenues par le capital-risque. La seconde s’appuie sur le concept de causalité au sens de Granger qui montre l’existence d’une causalité unidirectionnelle du nombre d’opérations de M&A vers le volume des investissements en capital-risque.