bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward an Understanding of Mothering: A Comparison of Two Motherhood Stages
Authors: Francis-Connolly Elizabeth 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study sought to understand the tasks and activities involved in the caring and nurturing work of mothering, a common and important occupation for many women.
Method. In-depth, semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 40 mothers: 20 mothers of preschool-age children and 20 mothers of young adults. In addition, participants completed a questionnaire describing the tasks and activities that they currently engage in when caring for their children.
Results. The activities involved in mothering are different for the mothers at the two stages of mothering examined. The mothers of preschool-age children are very involved in caretaking tasks and meeting the basic needs of the child, whereas the mothers of young adults are involved in emotional and supportive type activities. Mothers at both stages are involved in caring and nurturing work but this work evolves and changes as children mature.
Conclusion. These findings extend our awareness of mothering and the tasks and activities involved in the occupation of mothering at both the preschool stage and young-adult stage.
Mothering Young Children With Disabilities in a Challenging Urban Environment
Authors: Olson Judith , Esdaile Susan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study examined the occupations of mothering very young children with physical disabilities.
Method. Two single, urban, Black mothers in their mid-20s were interviewed with a semistructured protocol. The audiotaped, transcribed data were analyzed with a phenomenological method.
Results. The context of the challenging urban environment was a constant influence that shaped the participants’ occupations of mothering. The major overarching theme derived from the data was that mothering was “what I got to do” in relation to their particular child. Two subthemes were identified: (a) mothering as caring and (b) the impact of social supports on the occupations of mothering.
Conclusion. To plan meaningful, effective interventions, occupational therapy practitioners need to understand the context in which mothering occupations occur and to ensure that mothers’ caring occupations and social support needs are addressed in the therapeutic partnership.
Evolving Narratives in the Course of Retirement: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jonsson Hans , Josephsson Staffan , Kielhofner Gary 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper presents results from the second phase of a longitudinal study of retirement. Data were gathered through interviews with 29 participants (65 to 66 years of age) who had previously been interviewed when they were 63 to 64 years of age and still working. Data were analyzed by characterizing each subject’s narrative about retirement in terms of its narrative slope—progressive, stability, or regressive. These current narratives also were compared with the earlier narratives these participants told. It was found that, while anticipatory narratives may predispose persons toward action, they are not so much a fixed “script for action” as an orientation to act within circumstances. While participants’ narratives anticipating retirement often turned out as expected, they were sometimes reshaped as a consequence of personal action, external events, and unexpected experiences within new retirement occupations. The study suggests that, while narratives play a role in shaping the direction of persons lives, they also interweave with and change directions as a result of ongoing life events and experiences.
The Evaluation of Sensory Processing: A Validity Study Using Contrasting Groups
Authors: Johnson-Ecker Cheryl L. , Parham L. Diane 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of a sensory history questionnaire using contrasting groups. Specifically, the goal was to identify items on the Evaluation of Sensory Processing that differentiate between parent ratings of children with sensory integrative dysfunction and parent ratings of typically developing children. Data were collected from 30 parents of children with sensory integrative dysfunction and 59 parents of typically developing children. Items were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed rank test to detect the difference between the parent ratings for the 30 children with sensory integrative dysfunction and 30 of the typically developing children who were matched to the dysfunctional children on age, ethnicity, gender, geographic location, and socioeconomic status. Eighty-four of the 200 items significantly (p &lt;.05) distinguished between parents’ ratings of children with and without sensory integrative dysfunction.
Relationship Between Choice and Quality of Life Among Residents in Long-Term-Care Facilities
Authors: Duncan-Myers Audrey M. , Huebner Ruth A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. This study tested the association between perceptions of personal control and quality of life among older persons.
Method. Two self-report instruments, The Quality of Life Rating (QOLR) and the Duncan Choice Index (DCI), were administered to 21 residents in a long-term-care facility. The DCI was developed for this study to measure the amount of choice available in 29 self-care and leisure activities.
Results. A significant positive correlation (r = .54; p = .01) between the amount of choice residents perceive they have and their quality of life was found. The DCI was shown to be reliable with preliminary evidence of construct validity.
Conclusion. Enhancing personal control in everyday life may be associated with improved quality of life. Occupational therapy strategies to empower residents through increasing choice and control include increasing community in the facility emphasizing personal responsibility, and enabling choices in everyday tasks.
ADL Performance of Black Americans and White Americans on the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills
Authors: Stauffer Lisa M. , Fisher Anne G. , Duran Leslie 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), an assessment of personal and domestic activities of daily living (ADL) performance, can be used as a valid, nonbiased tool when assessing black Americans.
Method. The participants were 466 blacks and 466 whites drawn from the entire sample of blacks and whites contained in the AMPS database who met the following criteria: (a) were 16 years of age and older; (b) had a notable history of a neurological, musculoskeletal, medical, developmental, cognitive, or psychiatric disorders or were healthy older persons; and (c) resided in North America. The participants were matched according to functional level, gender, diagnosis, and age. Examination for bias included between - group comparison of (a) item difficulty and task challenge hierarchies of the AMPS, (b) goodness-of-fit of the participants to the many-faceted Rasch (MFR) model, and (c) mean ADL motor and ADL process abilities.
Results. Both the item difficulty and the task challenge hierarchies remained stable between the two groups. On the ADL Motor scale, 95.3% of the black participants and 92.4% of the white participants demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit (MS ≤ 1.4 , z &lt; 2) to the MFR model. On the ADL Process scale, 91.2% of the black participants and 90.1% of the white participants demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit. A significant difference, t(2, 930) = 3.56, p &lt; .01, between the two groups was found in mean ADL process ability, but no significant difference, t(2, 930) = .69, p = .49) was found in mean ADL motor ability.
Conclusion. The results of this study support the validity of the AMPS when applied to black Americans.
From the archive: ‘Managing split‐attention and redundancy in multimedia instruction’ by S. Kalyuga, P. Chandler, & J. Sweller (1999). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 351–371 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Paul Ayres – Associate Editor
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper has been cited on over 100 occasions according to both the Web of Science and Scopus, with over 300 citations in Google Scholar. It is significant because it investigated three major effects in multimedia instructional design simultaneously: split‐attention, modality and the redundancy effect. Split‐attention occurs when text and diagrams are separated from each other and the learner is required to integrate the two sources together. Redundancy occurs when the two sources contain overlapping material. The study not only showed that split‐attention could be avoided by modality effects (aligning pictures and spoken narrative) but also by directing the learner's attention through colour coding techniques. Interactions with redundancy were also identified. These findings influenced both instructional designers and researchers in the decade that followed.
From the archive: ‘Durable and generalized effects of spatial experience on mental rotation: Gender differences in growth patterns’ by M. S. Terlecki, N. S. Newcombe, & M. Little (2008). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 996–1013 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Robert F. Belli – SARMAC Editor 2005–2010
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmong the many excellent papers that I accepted for publication, Terlecki, et al. was one of the best. In exploring gender differences in spatial cognition, Terlecki et al. presented a methodologically and analytically rigorous study that provides both theoretical and applied insights. Findings suggest that even if the often observed gender differences in spatial ability—in which men outperform women—are biologically based, experience with spatial tasks leads to notable improvements among both men and women. The results have practical importance: women who report the most impoverished history of spatial experience are those for whom exposure to spatial tasks has the least impact initially, but additional exposure eventually produces the most rapidly improving results. Hence, one should not give up on training too easily; early discouraging performance is not predictive of eventual outcome, as long as the training persists. These results suggest viewing any genetic contributions to differences as calling for enriching, and not depressing, the environments of those who are most affected.
From the archive: ‘Testimony and evidence: A scientific case study of memory for child sexual abuse’ by S. Bidrose & G. S. Goodman (2000). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 197–213 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Kathy Pezdek – SARMAC Editor 1995–1999
Published: January 2011

AbstractOver the past 25 years, Applied Cognitive Psychology had been an outlet for research that is both theoretically strong and has important applied implications. There are many articles during my tenure as Editor that reflect these qualities. However, one of the papers that I continue to be impressed with is this paper. In this study ‐ much like Neisser's (1981) case study of John Dean ‐ the authors compared the testimony of four girls regarding their alleged sexual abuse, with actual documentary evidence recorded by the leader of a ‘sex ring’. Approximately 80% of the girls' allegations were confirmed. This study is noteworthy because it provides real‐world data that addresses compelling questions regarding the reliability of children's abuse memories.
From the archive: ‘Individual differences in children's suggestibility: A review and synthesis’ by M. Bruck & L. Melnyk (2004). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 947–996 with commentary
Authors:   Nominated by Martine Powell – Australasian Editor 2001–2009
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper reviewed research on the association of children's suggestibility with cognitive, psycho‐social and demographic variables. It is impressive, both in scope and depth of analysis. The results of more than 500 measures derived from 69 published and unpublished studies were synthesized with several levels of analysis. Discussion focused on potential mechanisms that underlie suggestibility effects, the interactions between variables and how findings differ depending upon the component of suggestibility examined. Bruck and Melnyk concluded that apart from intellectual status, a strong case could not be made for any other variable being critical. Methodological and conceptual limitations were discussed in an effort to establish how these might have contributed to non‐significant results and could be addressed in future research.
Electrokinetic Mobilities Characterization and Rapid Detection of Microorganisms in Glass Microchannels
Authors: Garza‐García L. D. , Pérez‐González V. H. , Pérez‐Sánchez O. A. , Lapizco‐Encinas B. H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMicroscale electrokinetic techniques have great potential for the separation and sorting of microorganisms, and could solve the need for rapid and early detection of pathogens in medical diagnostics and food safety applications. Presented here is the application of micro particle image velocimetry for the characterization of electrokinetic transport of three types of microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Ankistrodesmus spiralis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The electrokinetic behavior of these microorganisms was characterized employing a straight glass microchannel and direct current electric fields (50–300 V cm–1). The effects of the type and size of microorganism, electric field magnitude, and suspending medium characteristics were analyzed. Additionally, electrokinetic differentiation was achieved when a sample containing a mixture of the three types of microorganisms was analyzed by generating an electropherogram in one minute, identifying that three different species were present. These results demonstrate that fast and effective detection, and differentiation of intact microorganisms can be achieved employing microscale electrokinetic techniques.
Analysis of Seed Quality and Drying Performance of a Multistage Countercurrent Sliding‐Bed Dryer
Authors: Pfeifer A. A. , Murata V. V. , Barrozo M. A. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effect exerted by the number of stages (one, two, three, and four stages) of a countercurrent sliding‐bed dryer on the quality indices and drying performance of soybean seeds is evaluated by simulation. The two‐phase model is used to describe heat and mass transfer between air and soybean seeds. The constitutive model equations are taken from specific studies. The seed quality is determined based on germination and nonfissured seed indices obtained by empirical functions reported in the literature. The simulated results show that dividing the air mass flux and air velocity can produce a lower seed outlet temperature which may yield higher quality indices and better drying performance in multistage configurations.
Liquid/Liquid Slug Flow Capillary Microreactor
Authors: Ufer A. , Mendorf M. , Ghaini A. , Agar D. W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe liquid‐liquid slug flow capillary microreactor offers an excellent mass transfer performance for extraction and biphasic reactions. In combination with a simple phase separator based on wettability discrimination between the two liquids, it provides a powerful tool for process intensification and microscale processing. By new visualization techniques, the interfacial surface and slug vortex structures dictating inter‐ and intraphase mass transfer have been revealed to be more complex than previously assumed. Suspending fine catalyst particles in one phase of a two‐phase slug flow is an effective technique for using heterogeneous catalysts in microreactors, owing to the very good mass transfer characteristics and because catalyst recovery becomes simply a matter of separating the catalyst carrier phase from the reaction medium. To exploit the performance attributes of capillary microreactors at higher throughputs, distributor and control strategies for parallelisation were developed to provide a flow distribution uniform to within 1 % or less.
A Label‐Free, Quadruplex‐Based Functional Molecular Beacon (LFG4‐MB) for Fluorescence Turn‐On Detection of DNA and Nuclease
Authors: Hu Dan , Huang Zhenzhen , Pu Fang , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel concept for the construction of a label‐free, quadruplex‐based functional molecular beacon (LFG4‐MB) by using G‐quadruplex motif as a substitute for Watson–Crick base pairing in the MB stem and a specific G‐quadruplex binder, N‐methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) as a reporter. It shows high sensitivity in assays for UDG activity/inhibition and detection of DNA sequence based on the unique fluorescence increase that occurs as a result of the strong interaction between NMM and the folded quadruplex upon removal of uracil by UDG or displacement of block sequence by target DNA. The LFG4‐MB is simple in design, fast in operation and could be easily transposesd to other biological relevant target analysis by simply changing the recognition portion. The LFG4‐MB does not require any chemical modification for DNA, which offers the advantages of simplicity and cost efficiency and obviates the possible interference with the affinity and specificity of the MB as well as the kinetic behavior of the catalysts caused by the bulky fluorescent groups. More importantly, the LFG4‐MB offers great extent of freedom to tune the experimental conditions for the general applicability in bioanalysis.
A Macrocyclic Ligand as Receptor and ZnII‐Complex Receptor for Anions in Water: Binding Properties and Crystal Structures
Authors: Ambrosi Gianluca , Formica Mauro , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Macedi Eleonora , Micheloni Mauro , Paoli Paola , Pontellini Roberto , Rossi Patrizia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBinding properties of 24,29‐dimethyl‐6,7,15,16‐tetraoxotetracyclo[19.5.5.05,8.014,17]‐1,4,9,13,18,21,24,29‐octaazaenatriaconta‐Δ5,8,Δ14,17‐diene ligand L towards ZnII and anions, such as the halide series and inorganic oxoanions (phosphate (Pi), sulfate, pyrophosphate (PPi), and others), were investigated in aqueous solution; in addition, the ZnII/L system was tested as a metal‐ion‐based receptor for the halide series. Ligand L is a cryptand receptor incorporating two squaramide functions in an over‐structured chain that connects two opposite nitrogen atoms of the Me2[12]aneN4 polyaza macrocyclic base. It binds ZnII to form mononuclear species in which the metal ion, coordinated by the Me2[12]aneN4 moiety, lodges inside the three‐dimensional cavity. ZnII‐containing species are able to bind chloride and fluoride at the physiologically important pH value of 7.4; the anion is coordinated to the metal center but the squaramide units play the key role in stabilizing the anion through a hydrogen‐bonding network; two crystal structures reported here clearly show this aspect. Free L is able to bind fluoride, chloride, bromide, sulfate, Pi, and PPi in aqueous solution. The halides are bound at acidic pH, whereas the oxoanions are bound in a wide range of pH values ranging from acidic to basic. The cryptand cavity, abundant in hydrogen‐bonding sites at all pH values, allows excellent selectivity towards Pi to be achieved mainly at physiological pH 7.4. By joining amine and squaramide moieties and using this preorganized topology, it was possible, with preservation of the solubility of the receptor, to achieve a very wide pH range in which oxoanions can be bound. The good selectivity towards Pi allows its discrimination in a manner not easily obtainable with nonmetallic systems in aqueous environment.
A Multistate Switchable [3]Rotacatenane
Authors: Barin Gokhan , Coskun Ali , Friedman Douglas C. , Olson Mark A. , Colvin Michael T. , Carmielli Raanan , Dey Sanjeev K. , Bozdemir O. Altan , Wasielewski Michael R. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRotacatenanes are exotic molecular compounds that can be visualized as a unique combination of a [2]catenane and a [2]rotaxane, thereby combining both the circumrotation of the ring component (rotary motion) and the shuttling of the dumbbell component (translational motion) in one structure. Herein, we describe a strategy for the synthesis of a new switchable [3]rotacatenane and the investigation of its switching properties, which rely on the formation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) radical π‐dimer interactions—namely, the mixed‐valence state (TTF2)+. and the radical‐cation dimer state (TTF+.)2—under ambient conditions. A template‐directed approach, based on donor–acceptor interactions, has been developed, resulting in an improved yield of the key precursor [2]catenane, prior to rotacatenation. The nature of the binding between the [2]catenane and selected π‐electron‐rich templates has been elucidated by using X‐ray crystallography and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as isothermal titration microcalorimetry. The multistate switching mechanism of the [3]rotacatenane has been demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry and EPR spectroscopy. Most notably, the radical‐cation dimer state (TTF+.)2 has been shown to enter into an equilibrium by forming the co‐conformation in which the two 1,5‐dioxynaphthalene (DNP) units co‐occupy the cavity of tetracationic cyclophane, thus enforcing the separation of TTF radical‐cation dimer (TTF+.)2. The population ratio of this equilibrium state was found to be 1:1. We believe that this research demonstrates the power of constructing complex molecular machines using template‐directed protocols, enabling us to make the transition from simple molecular switches to their multistate variants for enhancing information storage in molecular electronic devices.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Magnetic Properties of Manganese(II) Compounds with Mixed Isocyanate and Carboxylate Bridges
Authors: Ma Yu , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Robert Vincent , Gao En‐Qing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo manganese(II) isocyanate complexes with different flexible zwitterionic dicarboxylate ligands, [Mn2(bcpp)(NCO)4]n (1; bcpp=1,3‐bis(N‐carboxylatomethyl‐4‐pyridinio)propane) and [Mn2(bcp)(NCO)4]n (2; bcp=bis(N‐carboxylatomethyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium, have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. Both compounds consist of two‐dimensional coordination layers in which uniform anionic chains with mixed (NCO)2(COO) triple bridges are cross‐linked by flexible cationic 4,4′‐trimethylenedipyridinium spacers. Magnetic studies revealed antiferromagnetic interactions through the triple bridges (J=−8.0 cm−1 (1) and J=−8.6 cm−1 (2)), which are stronger than those in the isoelectronic analogue (N3)2(COO). To complement the experimental data, periodic and finite‐cluster DFT and CASPT2 calculations were performed on the dimeric units of the (NCO)2(COO) and (N3)2(COO) mixed‐bridged systems to support the Heisenberg picture and stress the relative efficiency of the magnetic couplers. It was found that the isocyanate ligand plays a greater role in the conveyance of antiferromagnetic behavior than the azide counterpart, and that both pseudohalide bridges function cooperatively with the carboxylate group.