bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ionic liquid fragment on the performance of polymer electrolytes
Authors: Du Qiuliang , Fu Xiangkai , Liu Sujuan , Niu Lidan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐3‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonylimide) (MMEIm‐TFSI) was synthesized and polymerized. Composite polymer electrolytes based on polymeric MMEIm‐TFSI (PMMEIm‐TFSI) and poly[(methyl methacrylate)‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] (P(MMA‐VAc)) were prepared, with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonylimide) (LiTFSI) as target ions (Li+). DSC/TGA analysis showed good flexibility and thermal stability of the composite electrolyte membranes. The AC impedance showed that the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes increased with PMMEIm‐TFSI up to a maximum value of 1.78 × 10−4 S cm−1 when the composition was 25 wt% P(MMA‐VAc)/75 wt% PMMEIm‐TFSI/30 wt% LiTFSI at 30 °C. The composite electrolyte membrane (transmittance ≥ 90%) can also be used as the ion‐conductive layer material for electrochromic devices, and revealed excellent colorization performance. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Tuning polyolefins and polydienes microstructure and architecture via coordinative chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Zinck Philippe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCoordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) is a reversible group transfer polymerization involving a transition metal catalyst and a main group metal alkyl. CCTP affords well‐controlled polymerizations of olefins and conjugated dienes with catalyst economy and good potential for polymer end‐functionalization. New concepts have recently emerged in this field, affording unprecedented control over both microstructure and architecture of the resulting polymers and copolymers. These concepts are presented and discussed in this perspective. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate) and poly(2‐acrylamido glycolic acid) polymer–clay ion exchange resins with enhanced mechanical properties and metal ion retention
Authors: Urbano Bruno , Rivas Bernabé L 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis research presents the synthesis of novel nanocomposite ion exchange resins based on poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate) and poly(2‐acrylamido glycolic acid). Nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ radical polymerization using organic modified montmorillonite as filler and different clay contents. Loaded resins showed improvements in mechanical properties compared with unloaded resins: specifically, when the nominal montmorillonite content was 2.5 wt%, poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate) nanocomposite increased its shear modulus from 323 to 910 Pa and doubled its elastic recovery ratio, and the yield point was almost 20 times higher than for unloaded resins. In the case of metal ion retention, the effect of pH and clay content were studied for Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Al(III) by a batch procedure. Results showed high efficiency, reaching over 80% after only 1 h of contact. Poly(2‐acrylamido glycolic acid) presented a higher pH dependence than poly(sodium 4‐styrene sulfonate). In addition, it was observed that montmorillonite contributes to retention capacity from the increase in distribution coefficients for loaded resins compared with unloaded resins. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Resistance tests and field trials with bromadiolone for the control of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) on farms in Westphalia, Germany
Authors: Endepols Stefan , Klemann Nicole , Jacob Jens , Buckle Alan P 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the level of resistance to bromadiolone among rats on farms suspected of being foci of resistance by using the international normalised ratio (INR)‐based blood clotting response (BCR) test. Whether the level of reduced susceptibility constitutes ‘practical resistance’ was subsequently determined in field trials.RESULTS: The 2.5 multiple of the ED50 baseline was used to test for the incidence of resistance, and higher multiples in the range of the suspected resistance factor were used to investigate the degree of resistance. The ED50 values of bromadiolone in resistant rats were confirmed in the range 4.70–7.05 mg kg−1 for males and 4.62–6.61 mg kg−1 for females. Variations within these ranges appeared between farms. According to the BCR resistance tests, 50–100% of rats were classified as resistant prior to the field trials; 29–100% of rats survived the treatments.CONCLUSION: BCR tests based on the use of the INR and baselines are suitable for determining the incidence and for assessing the level of resistance in populations of Norway rats. The majority of rats of the Westphalian resistant strain, characterised by the Y139C marker in VKOR, are resistant to bromadiolone under practical control conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Relationship between convection over Central America and the intensity of the jet stream bearing on the 1999 December European storms
Authors: Ricard Didier , Arbogast Philippe , Crépin Fabien , Joly Alain 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring 26–28 December 1999, two very powerful and devastating extratropical cyclones hit Western Europe. These two storms were associated with an upper‐level zonal jet, remarkable in its intensity and its large extension over the Atlantic Ocean. In this study, we focus on the relationship between the exceptional features of this jet stream and some heavy precipitation that occurred over Central America during mid‐December. A Rossby‐wave train excited by strong convective activity over this area is likely to play a key role in this teleconnection. To assess this tropical–extratropical interaction, several numerical experiments have been performed with the French global model ARPEGE. Firstly, the effects of convection have been neutralized within a domain localized over Central America. Then, to combine the model with observations, a new strategy has been devised. Within a selected window, the parametrized latent heat release has been deduced from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data, translated in terms of a potential vorticity (hereafter PV) source and incorporated into the model using PV inversion. These simulations show, in particular, that the convective activity over Central America triggers a wave train that moves poleward and eastward with the group velocity, finally to strengthen the North Atlantic jet stream, leading to windstorms Lothar and Martin. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Composite hodographs and inertial oscillations in the nocturnal boundary layer
Authors: Baas P. , van de Wiel B. J. H. , van den Brink L. , Holtslag A.A.M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this work the dynamic behaviour of the wind in the nocturnal boundary layer is studied, with a particular focus on systematic behaviour of the near‐surface wind. Recently, an extension of the well‐known Blackadar model for frictionless inertial oscillations above the nocturnal boundary layer was proposed by Van de Wiel et al., which accounts for frictional effects within the nocturnal boundary layer. It appears that the nocturnal wind velocity profile tends to perform an inertial oscillation around an equilibrium wind profile, rather than around the geostrophic wind vector (as in the Blackadar model).In the present study we propose the concept of ‘composite hodographs’ to evaluate the ideas and assumptions of the aforementioned analytical model. Composite hodographs are constructed based on a large observational dataset from the Cabauw observatory. For comparison and deeper analysis, this method is also applied to single‐column model simulations that represent the same dataset. From this, it is shown that winds in the middle and upper part of the nocturnal boundary layer closely follow the dynamics predicted by the model by Van de Wiel et al. In contrast, the near‐surface wind shows more complex behaviour that can be described by two different stages: (1) a decelerating phase where the wind decreases rapidly in magnitude due to enlarged stress divergence in the transition period near sunset (an aspect not included in the analytical model), and (2) a regular type of inertial oscillation, but with relatively small amplitude as compared to the oscillations in the middle and upper parts of the nocturnal boundary layer. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
CSP‐DHIES: a new public‐key encryption scheme from matrix conjugation
Authors: Pan Ping , Wang Lihua , Wang Licheng , Li Lixiang , Yang Yixian 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe propose a new public‐key cryptosystem named conjugacy search problem‐based Diffie–Hellman integrated encryption scheme (CSP‐DHIES), by using conjugation‐related assumptions for a special monoid of matrices of truncated multi‐variable polynomials over the ring ℤ12where the CSP is assumed to be intractable. Our construction can be viewed as the first noncommunicative variant of the well‐known DHIES cryptosystem. Under the assumptions of the intractability of the CSP‐based hash Diffie–Hellman problem and the CSP‐based oracle Diffie–Hellman problem, our scheme is provably secure against both chosen‐plaintext attacks and secure against chosen‐ciphertext attacks. Our proofs are constructed in the standard model. We also discuss the possibility of implementing our proposal using braid groups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐service support for the business process life cycle
Authors: Schmidt Rainer 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYBusiness processes more and more use services. Therefore, during the business process, life cycle services have to be managed. They have to be defined, deployed, operated, and evaluated. Meta‐services are an approach to systematically and homogenously manage services during the business process life cycle. The idea of meta‐services is to capture the functionality to manage the services during the life cycle in turn as services. Meta‐services provide a symmetrical management approach to services. Using meta‐services provides a uniform interface for service provisioning and management and thus avoids redundant structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generating wind time series as a hybrid of measured and simulated data
Authors: Rose Stephen , Apt Jay 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTCertain applications, such as analysing the effect of a wind farm on grid frequency regulation, require several years of wind power data measured at intervals of a few seconds. We have developed a method to generate days to years of non‐stationary wind speed time series sampled at high rates by combining measured and simulated data. Measured wind speed data, typically 10–15 min averages, capture the non‐stationary characteristics of wind speed variation: diurnal variations, the passing of weather fronts, and seasonal variations. Simulated wind speed data, generated from spectral models, add realistic turbulence between the empirical data. The wind speed time series generated with this method agree very well with measured time series, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The power output of a wind turbine simulated with wind data generated by this method demonstrates energy production, ramp rates and reserve requirements that closely match the power output of a turbine simulated turbine with measured wind data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for the speed shear in wind turbine power performance measurement
Authors: Wagner R. , Courtney M. , Gottschall J. , Lindelöw‐Marsden P. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe current IEC standard for wind turbine power performance measurement only requires measurement of the wind speed at hub height assuming this wind speed to be representative for the whole rotor swept area. However, the power output of a wind turbine depends on the kinetic energy flux, which itself depends on the wind speed profile, especially for large turbines. Therefore, it is important to characterize the wind profile in front of the turbine, and this should be preferably achieved by measuring the wind speed over the vertical range between lower and higher rotor tips.In this paper, we describe an experiment in which wind speed profiles were measured in front of a multimegawatt turbine using a ground–based pulsed lidar. Ignoring the vertical shear was shown to overestimate the kinetic energy flux of these profiles, in particular for those deviating significantly from a power law profile. As a consequence, the power curve obtained for these deviant profiles was different from that obtained for the ‘near power law’ profiles. An equivalent wind speed based on the kinetic energy derived from the measured wind speed profile was then used to plot the performance curves. The curves obtained for the two kinds of profiles were very similar, corresponding to a significant reduction of the scatter for an undivided data set. This new method for power curve measurement results in a power curve less sensitive to shear. It is therefore expected to eventually reduce the power curve measurement uncertainty and improve the annual energy production estimation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actuator line/Navier–Stokes computations for the MEXICO rotor: comparison with detailed measurements
Authors: Shen Wen Zhong , Zhu Wei Jun , Sørensen Jens Nørkær 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn the European collaborative MEXICO (Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions) project, a series of experiments was carried out on a 4.5 m diameter wind turbine rotor to validate numerical diagnostics tools. Here, some of the measured data are compared with computations of the combined actuator line/Navier–Stokes (AL/NS) model developed at the Technical University of Denmark. The AL/NS model was combined with a large eddy simulation technique and used to compute the flow past the MEXICO rotor in free air and in the DNW German‐Dutch wind tunnel for three commonly defined test cases at wind speeds of 10, 15 and 24 m s −1. Two sets of airfoil data were used. Comparisons of blade loadings showed that the AL/NS technique with the modified airfoil data is in better agreement with the measurements than with the original 2D airfoil data. Comparisons of detailed near‐wake velocities showed good agreement with the measurements. Computations including the influence of the geometry of the wind tunnel showed that tunnel effects are not significant and the effect of the geometry of the wind tunnel only results in a speedup of 3% at a thrust coefficient of CT  =  1.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial study of the wake meandering using modelled wind turbines in a wind tunnel
Authors: España G. , Aubrun S. , Loyer S. , Devinant P. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe present paper presents a study of the wake meandering phenomenon with the help of physical modelling in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind tunnel.The wind turbine is modelled at a geometric scale of 1:400 with a static porous disk (actuator disk concept). The main objective of the present work was to supply quantitative information on the meandering process. The instantaneous wake width and its horizontal and vertical swerves from the mean wake axis are quantified using specific image processing of instantaneous velocity fields obtained by particle image velocimetry downstream of the modelled wind turbine. We observe that the wind turbine wake displacements from the mean streamwise axis are very important when the turbulence length scales are larger than the wake width. We also observe that, in ABL conditions, horizontal displacements are higher than the vertical ones with a proportion in agreement with the ratio between the transverse and vertical turbulence intensities σv∕σw  ≈ 3∕2.It is finally concluded that the instantaneous wake width remained nearly constant downstream of the wind turbine model whatever the flow conditions and that the extent of the mean wind turbine wake is dominantly due to the meandering process.This confirms that it is necessary to include the meandering process in the wake analysis in order to estimate the fatigue loading on wind turbines within wind farms properly. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modification of Jacobson et al.'s (1997) individual branch‐antlered male method for censusing white‐tailed deer
Authors: Weckel Mark , Rockwell Robert F. , Secret Frank 
Published: October 2011

AbstractJacobson et al.'s (1997) individual branch‐antlered male (IBAM) method is a popular camera technique for estimating white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) abundance. Demographic ratios are estimated from raw photographic occurrences (RPO) of males, females, and fawns. Point abundance estimates of each group are estimated by using said ratios to extrapolate from a count of uniquely identifiable males. In 2009, using camera‐trap data from the Mianus River Gorge Preserve (NY), we modified the IBAM technique to 1) generate measures of uncertainty for parameter estimates via bootstrapping camera stations, and 2) address the concern that RPO ratios may be biased if groups of animals differ in their probability of being photographed (e.g., trap success [TS]). For each sex–age group, we evaluated RPO as a function of TS using linear regression to generate photographic counts standardized by TS (standardized photographic occurrences [SPO]). We generated estimates of sex–age ratios and abundances using both RPO and SPO. To evaluate the accuracy of using SPO in conjunction with the IBAM method, we independently estimated the abundance of a marked group of female deer using a Poisson log normal (PNE) mark–resight estimator. Abundance estimates across sex–age classes were most similar between PNE and IBAM when SPO demographic ratios were used. Owing to the greater TS of females, using SPO discounted the relative abundance of females and, thus, lowered the female:male ratios and raised the fawn:female ratio. Uncertainty was broad across all approaches, yet accounting for TS reduced the confounding variability owing to differences in detection probability and generated more accurate parameter estimates. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Will an artificial scent boundary prevent coyote intrusion?
Authors: Shivik John A. , Wilson Ryan. R. , Gilbert‐Norton Lynne 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHighly territorial species such as coyotes (Canis latrans) use scent‐marks to delineate boundaries, and it has been suggested that canids may be repelled from areas by using human‐placed scent‐marks. To evaluate the potential of artificial scent‐marks as an area repellent, we first established treatment and control plots within the Welder Wildlife Refuge in southern Texas, USA. There, we used Global Positioning System collars with 15‐min acquisition rates on 3 coyotes to evaluate differential coyote response to artificial scent‐marks and control areas within coyote territories. Second, to directly evaluate behaviors, we observed the responses of 8 coyotes to control and treatment plots within 1‐ha pens at the Predator Research Facility in Logan, Utah, USA. In treatment conditions, a technician walked the boundary of the simulated territory and sprayed coyote urine. In control conditions, a technician walked along the boundary but did not distribute artificial scent‐marks. In the field, coyotes visited treatment plots more than control plots (P = 0.09) and traveled within treatment plots more than control plots (P = 0.05). In direct observations, coyotes investigated treated boundaries and spent more time at them (P = 0.001). Coyotes also visited the interiors of treatment areas nearly twice as often as control areas (P = 0.013). Sample sizes were limited, but based on these results, we cannot recommend using artificial territories (delineated with human‐placed coyote urine) to repel coyotes from areas where resource protection is needed. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Electrical low‐frequency stimulation induces central neuroplastic changes of pain processing in man
Authors: Jung K. , Lelic D. , Rottmann S. , Drewes A.M. , Petrini L. , Ellrich J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElectrical low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) inhibits pain perception and nociceptive processing as shown by psychophysical and electrophysiological means (long‐term depression, LTD). Information regarding central mechanisms involved in LTD induction and maintenance are still missing. This study hypothesizes that electrical LFS induces changes in activation pattern of pain‐related brain areas.Thirty‐two electrophysiological and psychophysical experiments were performed in 16 healthy volunteers. Painful electrical test stimulation (0.125 Hz, 60 pulses) and conditioning LFS (1 Hz, 1200 pulses) were applied by a concentric electrode to the right hand. Test stimulation series were performed before (Pre) and after LFS (Post) or no stimulation period (Control). Volunteers rated pain perception according to a verbal rating scale (0–100). Somatosensory evoked cortical potentials were recorded with 64‐channel electroencephalography. Individual dipole source modeling using CURRY software (Compumedics, Hamburg, Germany) yielded information about dipole location and strength.The strongest decrease in LFS‐induced pain perception was shown after LFS (p < 0.01). Topographic distribution of cortical potentials revealed reproducible negative (N1, N2) and positive (P2) components. Dipole magnitude analysis showed a significant difference between Post LFS and Post Control for P2 (p < 0.01). P2 dipole location analysis yielded a significant posterior (p < 0.05) shift following LTD induction.Thus, data reveal central changes of pain processing after LTD induction. These experiments may help judging the potency of LTD as model for electrostimulation in future analgesic therapy.
Screening for bipolar disorder among outpatients with substance use disorders
Authors: Nallet A. , Weber B. , Favre S. , Gex-Fabry M. , Voide R. , Ferrero F. , Zullino D. , Khazaal Y. , Aubry J.M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity of bipolar disorder and alcohol or substance abuse/dependence is frequent and has marked negative consequences on the course of the illness and treatment compliance. The objective of this study was to compare the validity of two short instruments aimed at screening bipolar disorders among patients treated for substance use disorders.MethodsThe Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) were tested with reference to the mood section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID) in 152 patients, recruited in two outpatient clinics providing specialized treatment for alcohol and opiate dependence.ResultsAccording to the SCID, 33 patients (21.7%) had a diagnosis within the bipolar spectrum (two bipolar I, 21 bipolar II and 10 bipolar not otherwise specified). The HCL-32 was more sensitive (90.9% vs. 66.7%) and the MDQ more specific (38.7% vs. 77.3%) for the whole sample. The MDQ displayed higher sensitivity and specificity in patients treated for alcohol than for opiate dependence, whereas the HCL-32 was highly sensitive but poorly specific in both samples. Both instruments had a positive predictive value under 50%.ConclusionsCaution is needed when using the MDQ and HCL-32 in patients treated for substance use disorders.