bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution sensors in space and time for determination saltation and creep intensity
Authors: Schönfeldt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe measurement of aeolian sand transport rates at high temporal and spatial resolution is crucial for further progress in testing and developing numerical models of sand movement by wind and in the modelling of sand dunes, ripples and so on. This paper reports the development and field testing of two sand transport sensors. The first one, a webcam commonly used with personal computers, is a new device in aeolian research. The webcam frame transfer is triggered by a sonic anemometer every 0·1 second. Consecutive frames are compared and analysed in real‐time by a computer program. Changes in pixel light intensity exceeding a threshold level are recorded and interpreted as grain movements. The second sensor is a small‐sized ‘Saltiphone’‐type device made of simple loudspeakers with a diameter of 15 mm as used in MP3 players. It can be deployed as a 2 × 3 array of six such devices distributed to enable horizontal and vertical spatial sampling of the sand flux.The devices are tested under field conditions. Both signals and the sum of microphone impacts over 15 minutes are compared to data gathered using a Guelph sand trap, and very good agreement is found. Measurements in a wind tunnel using sieved natural sand indicate that the webcam can be used to infer additional information about the grain size. As an application, the fluid and impact thresholds for aeolian sand transport are investigated in field measurements by analysing the onset and breakdown of saltation in gust and lull intervals of rising and falling wind speeds, respectively. In this way, constitutive equations for sand transport in terms of the wind speed can be tested. If viable, they can be employed to infer estimates for the thresholds by minimizing the root‐mean‐square error between measured and calculated transport data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoacoustic imaging using an adaptive interferometer with a photorefractive crystal
Authors: Hochreiner Armin , Berer Thomas , Grün Hubert , Leitner Michael , Burgholzer Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper we report on remote three‐dimensional photoacoustic imaging without the need for a coupling agent or other aids (e.g. detector foils) by utilizing a two‐wave mixing interferometer (TWMI). In this technique the beams coming from sample and reference are brought to interfere in a Bi12SiO20 photorefractive crystal (PRC). Such a setup allows the measurement of ultrasonic displacements on rough sample surfaces. After data acquisition the initial pressure distribution is reconstructed by a Fourier domain synthetic aperture focusing technique (FSAFT). We present three‐dimensional imaging of a hair ribbon phantom, on biological samples with embedded artificial blood vessels or pig bristles, and measurements on a human forearm in‐vivo. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chitosan/collagen scaffold containing bone morphogenetic protein‐7 DNA supports dental pulp stem cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Xuechao , Han Guangli , Pang Xin , Fan Mingwen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this study, porous chitosan/collagen scaffolds were prepared through a freeze‐drying process, and loaded with the plasmid vector encoding human bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) gene. To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of this gene‐activated scaffold on dental tissue engineering, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were seeded in this scaffold for in vitro and in vivo study. In vitro results indicated that cells can be transfected successfully by loaded plasmid and secrete BMP‐7 until day 24. Evaluation of DNA content, ALP activity, calcium content, SEM, and real‐time PCR revealed that cells on gene‐activated scaffold showed better proliferation properties and odontoblastic differentiation behaviors than cells on pure scaffolds. Then, these cell–scaffold complexes were implanted subcutaneously and retrieved after 4 weeks for histology evaluation. In vivo results that gene‐activated scaffold group could still trace the existence of tranfected cells at week 4 and showed the upregulated expression of DSPP compared to pure scaffold groups. On the basis of our results, chitosan/collagen‐loaded BMP‐7 DNA appears to be an effective substrate candidate for gene delivery and indeed enhanced DPSCs differentiation toward an odontoblast‐like phenotype in vitro and in vivo. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
In vitro and in vivo characteristics of gentamicin‐supplemented polyvinylidenfluoride mesh materials
Authors: Klink C. D. , Binnebösel M. , Lambertz A. , Alizai H. P. , Roeth A. , Otto J. , Klinge U. , Neumann U. P. , Junge K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo reduce infection rates after mesh implantation antibiotic‐coated meshes were designed. The aim of the study was to analyze biocompatibility and in vitro efficiency of a modified gentamicin‐supplemented polyvinylidenfluoride mesh. Twenty rats were randomized to two groups (PVDF group and Genta group). Mesh material was implanted subcutaneously. Blood samples were taken to determine the gentamicin serum concentration. Seven and 90 days after mesh implantation, animals were euthanized. The inflammatory tissue response was characterized by analyzing the foreign body granuloma. Cellular immune response was analyzed by immunohistochemical investigations. The collagen type I/III ratio was estimated by crosspolarization microscopy. In vitro agar diffusion test, suspension test, and gentamicin release were characterized. Agar diffusion and suspension test showed efficient antibiotic effects of the mesh in vitro. Serum concentrations of gentamicin showed a peak value 1 h postoperatively with a decline within the next day. The total size of the granuloma was significantly smaller in the Genta group compared to the PVDF group at both points of time. Except of a short period of increased expression of CD68 in the Genta group after 7 days, no further difference was found analyzing cellular immune response. The collagen type I/III ratio was widely constant analyzing the two mesh types without significant differences comparing both mesh materials. A significantly decreased foreign body granuloma formation compared to the pure PVDF mesh group was found. In vitro analysis showed efficient antibiotic effects of the Gentamicin supplementation compared to the pure PVDF mesh. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Histomorphological researches on large porous hydroxyapatite cylinder tubes with polylactic acid surface coating in different nonskeletal sites in vivo
Authors: Zhang Cong , Huang Peng , Weng Jie , Zhi Wei , Hu Yonghe , Feng Huaizhi , Yao Yimin , Li Shuo , Xia Tian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPorous hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic cylinder tubes coated with polylactic acid on the exposed surfaces were implanted in four nonskeletal sites (omentum, peritoneum, vastus lateralis, and side of femur). Six months postoperatively, proper amount of Chinese ink was injected to dye the implanting areas. Decalcified and nondecalcified sections were observed under inverted microscope. The results showed that the soft tissues around the HA cylinder tubes in peritoneum, vastus lateralis, and side of femur groups appeared visible black. Some small blacked vascular architectures were also discernible. However in omentum group, only small number of blacked vessels existed. Histological observations indicated that vascularization and ossification occurred in peritoneum, vastus lateralis, and side of femur groups. In omentum group, there was no any sign of vascularization and ossification. A conclusion could be made in this study that excepting bones and muscles, parietal peritoneum could serve as a potential spot for culturing histoengineering hydroxyapatite (HA)‐polylactic acid (PLA) ceramic bone substitutes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Innovative corporate performance management: Delta dental case
Authors: Paladino Bob , Paladino Natalie N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHow do some of the most successful companies around organize and innovate to achieve results? In particular, how do they manage to innovate and change in a challenging market? This article provides answers through its presentation of a detailed case study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
Use lean accounting to add value to the organization
Authors: DeBusk Gerald K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCompanies pursuing Lean or Lean Six Sigma need changes in management, from their organizational structures to performance measurement. Management accountants must also change their accounting systems to support the new approaches to decision making and performance measurement; they can then use Lean Accounting to add value to their organizations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dealing with man‐made trauma: The relationship between coping style, posttraumatic stress, and quality of life in resettled, traumatized refugees in the Netherlands
Authors: Huijts Irene , Kleijn Wim Chr. , van Emmerik Arnold A. P. , Noordhof Arjen , Smith Annemarie J. M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between coping style, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and quality of life in traumatized refugees (N = 335). Participants had resettled in the Netherlands on average 13 years prior and were referred to a Dutch clinic for the treatment of posttraumatic psychopathology resulting from persecution, war, and violence. The majority (85%) of the research sample met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Path analysis suggested a model in which PTSD symptoms (β = −.61, p < .001), social support seeking (β = .12, p < .05), and emotion‐focused coping (β = .13, p < .01) have a direct effect on quality of life. The role of avoidant and problem‐focused coping could be interpreted in 2 ways. Either these coping styles are influenced by PTSD severity and have no effect on quality of life, or these coping styles influence PTSD severity and therefore have an indirect effect on quality of life. Intervention strategies aimed at modifying coping strategies and decreasing PTSD symptoms could be important in improving the quality of life of traumatized refugees.
Exposure to interpersonal violence and risk for PTSD, depression, delinquency, and binge drinking among adolescents: Data from the NSA‐R
Authors: Cisler Josh M. , Begle Angela M. , Amstadter Ananda B. , Resnick Heidi S. , Danielson Carla Kmett , Saunders Benjamin E. , Kilpatrick Dean G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInterpersonal violence (IPV) is associated with a range of subsequent negative outcomes; however, research has yet to test whether IPV operates as a specific risk factor for separate psychopathology outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, delinquent acts, or binge drinking. To address this, cumulative exposure to IPV and non‐IPV‐related traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, delinquent acts, and binge drinking were measured 3 times over approximately 3 years among a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 12–17 (N = 3,614 at Wave 1). Results demonstrated that cumulative IPV exposure predicted subsequent PTSD, depression, delinquency, and binge drinking (βs = .07, .12, .10, and .09, respectively; all ps < .01) when all cross‐relationships (e.g., the effect of delinquency on future binge drinking) were in the model. Exposure to non‐IPV traumatic events generally did not confer vulnerability to subsequent psychopathology outcomes. Overall, findings from this study advance the literature in this area by exploring consequences for adolescents following cumulative IPV exposure.
Synthesis of Functional Sugar‐Based Polyurethanes
Authors: Ferris Cristina , de Paz M. Violante , Galbis Juan A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThree new polyurethanes (PUs) with multiple pendant allyl groups were synthesized from L‐arabinitol as versatile materials for the preparation of tailor‐made PUs with varying degrees of functionalization. Their allyl functional groups can take part in thiol‐ene reactions to obtain greatly diverse materials. Thus, six new highly functional PUs were prepared by click chemistry to give polymers with NHBoc [NH‐CO‐OC(CH3)3], amino, carboxylic, and 1,2‐dihydroxyethyl side groups. The thermal stability of the novel PUs was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. This strategy provides a simple and versatile platform for the design of new materials whose functionality can be easily modified to anchor diverse biologically active molecules.
Design of Well‐Defined Monofunctionalized Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s: Toward the Synthesis of Semiconducting Graft Copolymers
Authors: Mougnier Sébastien‐Jun , Brochon Cyril , Cloutet Eric , Fleury Guillaume , Cramail Henri , Hadziioannou Georges 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe post‐functionalization of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) via various synthetic routes is reported. Well‐defined and monofunctionalized ω‐thiol‐terminated P3HT, ω‐carboxylic acid‐terminated P3HT, ω‐acrylate‐terminated P3HT, and ω‐methacrylate‐terminated P3HT are obtained in high yields through a straightforward procedure. From those, different novel P3HT‐based graft copolymers are synthesized following two routes: “grafting onto” and “grafting through” (macromonomer polymerization) methods. The synthesis of three types of graft copolymers is described. Each one has “rod” P3HT‐grafted side chains on a “coil” main chain, which can be polyisoprene, poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(butyl acrylate). Each copolymer is characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography and NMR.
On the effects of deformation induced anisotropy in isotropic materials
Authors: Fuller T. , Brannon R. M. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYEffects of recoverable deformation induced anisotropy in the elastic stiffness of isotropic materials are described. In isotropic materials, thermodynamics predicts coupling of hydrostatic and deviatoric responses. It is shown that the coupling of the two responses is more significant than previously recognized in the literature. Properly accounting for the coupling of hydrostatic and deviatoric responses requires re‐evaluating elastic materials characterization data, allowing for the coupled response. The result is an apparent decrease in the pressure sensitivity of the elastic shear modulus. The decrease in the pressure sensitivity of the shear modulus leads to stress paths that are more tangential to the yield surface in stress space, resulting in an increase in predicted elastic strain at each step of an elastic–plastic stress update. Consequently, predicted plastic strains and, in particular, volumetric plastic strains, are smaller than if recoverable deformation induced anisotropy had been neglected. The result is an associated plasticity model, which appears to be non‐associated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CdS/Cu(In,Ga)S2 based solar cells with efficiencies reaching 12.9% prepared by a rapid thermal process
Authors: Merdes S. , Abou‐Ras D. , Mainz R. , Klenk R. , Lux‐Steiner M. Ch. , Meeder A. , Schock H. W. , Klaer J. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this letter, we report externally confirmed total area efficiencies reaching up to 12.9% for CdS/Cu(In,Ga)S2 based solar cells. These are the highest externally confirmed efficiencies for such cells. The absorbers were prepared from sputtered metals subsequently sulfurized using rapid thermal processing in sulfur vapor. Structural, compositional, and electrical properties of one of these champion cells are presented. The correlation between the Ga distribution profile and solar cell properties is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaic application of O‐doped Wittichenite‐Cu 3 BiS 3: from microscopic properties to maximum efficiencies
Authors: Tablero C. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe electronic properties and the low environmental impact of Cu 3 BiS 3 make this compound a promising material for low‐cost thin film solar cell technology. From the first principles, the electronic properties of the isoelectronic substitution of S by O in Cu 3 BiS 3 have been obtained using two different exchange–correlation potentials. This compound has an acceptor level below the conduction band, which modifies the opto‐electronic properties with respect to the host semiconductor. In order to analyze a possible efficiency increment with respect to the host semiconductor, we have calculated the maximum efficiency of this photovoltaic absorber material. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of end‐functionalized polyethers by phosphazene base‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of 1,2‐butylene oxide and glycidyl ether
Authors: Misaka Hideki , Tamura Eisuke , Makiguchi Kosuke , Kamoshida Kensuke , Sakai Ryosuke , Satoh Toshifumi , Kakuchi Toyoji 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFor the living ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of epoxy monomers, the catalytic activity of organic superbases, tert‐butylimino‐tris(dimethylamino)phosphorane, 1‐tert‐butyl‐2,2,4,4,4‐pentakis(dimethylamino)‐2Λ5,4Λ5‐catenadi(phosphazene), 2,8,9‐triisobutyl‐2,5,8,9‐tetraaza‐1‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.3]undecane, and 1‐tert‐butyl‐4,4,4‐tris(dimethylamino)‐2,2‐bis[tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidenamino]‐2Λ5,4Λ5‐catenadi(phosphazene) (t‐Bu‐P4), was confirmed. Among these superbases, only t‐Bu‐P4 showed catalytic activity for the ROP of 1,2‐butylene oxide (BO) to afford poly(1,2‐butylene oxide) (PBO) with predicted molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The results of the kinetic, post‐polymerization experiments, and MALDI‐TOF MS measurement revealed that the t‐Bu‐P4‐catalyzed ROP of BO proceeded in a living manner in which the alcohol acted as the initiator. This alcohol/t‐Bu‐P4 system was applicable to the glycidol derivatives, such as benzyl glycidyl ether (BnGE) and t‐butyl glycidyl ether, to afford well‐defined protected polyglycidols. The α‐functionalized polyethers could be obtained using different functionalized initiators, such as 4‐vinylbenzyl alcohol, 5‐hexen‐1‐ol, and 6‐azide‐1‐hexanol. In addition, the well‐defined cyclic‐PBO and PBnGE were successfully synthesized using the combination of t‐Bu‐P4‐catalyzed ROP and click cyclization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Permeation Through Plastic Dangerous Goods Packaging During Transport in Freight Containers – Detection of Potentially Explosive Mixtures in Containers Under Normal Conditions of Carriage
Authors: Bethke John , Goedecke Thomas , Jahnke Wolfgang 
Published: February 2012

The key point within the scope of this research project was to find out whether there was a risk of creating an explosive atmosphere by permeation of flammable liquid compounds during transport of dangerous goods in freight containers under normal conditions of carriage. Therefore, all aspects that had an influence on the formation of such an atmosphere had to be considered. The most important influencing factors were permeation, air change in the freight container and ambient temperature. The first step was to investigate the permeation with different packaging materials, charge and temperatures. Furthermore, the air change rates of different freight containers were measured. A few climate tests with containers on ships, e.g. to Singapore, were performed to assess normal conditions of carriage. Another important point was measuring the solvent (toluene) concentration in the gas phase in a freight container loaded with plastic intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) filled with toluene. To confirm that the measured values were in the right range, the toluene concentration in the gas phase in a container was calculated with different packaging materials, air change rates and temperatures.The results of the measurements and calculations have shown that safety layers in the packaging wall, e.g. the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide, can reduce the rate of permeation by more than a decimal power, but the lower explosive limit of toluene is easily reached within a few hours at 40°C charge temperature if there is no barrier. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turánnical hypergraphs
Authors: Allen Peter , Böttcher Julia , Hladký Jan , Piguet Diana 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper is motivated by the question of how global and dense restriction sets in results from extremal combinatorics can be replaced by less global and sparser ones. The result we consider here as an example is Turán's theorem, which deals with graphs G = ([n],E) such that no member of the restriction set
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal {R}\end{align*} \end{document}
=
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {[n]} \\ r \\ \end{array} } \right)\end{align*} \end{document}
induces a copy of Kr.Firstly, we examine what happens when this restriction set is replaced by
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal {R}\end{align*} \end{document}
= {X∈
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {[n]} \\ r \\ \end{array} } \right)\end{align*} \end{document}: X ∩ [m]≠∅︁}. That is, we determine the maximal number of edges in an n ‐vertex such that no Kr hits a given vertex set.Secondly, we consider sparse random restriction sets. An r ‐uniform hypergraph
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal R\end{align*} \end{document}
on vertex set [n] is called Turánnical (respectively ε ‐Turánnical), if for any graph G on [n] with more edges than the Turán number tr(n) (respectively (1 + ε)tr(n) ), no hyperedge of
\documentclass{article} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal {R}\end{align*} \end{document}
induces a copy of Kr in G. We determine the thresholds for random r ‐uniform hypergraphs to be Turánnical and to be ε ‐Turánnical.Thirdly, we transfer this result to sparse random graphs, using techniques recently developed by Schacht [Extremal results for random discrete structures] to prove the Kohayakawa‐Łuczak‐Rödl Conjecture on Turán's theorem in random graphs.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Greek letters in random staircase tableaux
Authors: Dasse–Hartaut Sandrine , Hitczenko Paweł 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper we study a relatively new combinatorial object called staircase tableaux. Staircase tableaux were introduced by Corteel and Williams in the connection with Asymmetric Exclusion Process and has since found interesting connections with Askey–Wilson polynomials. We develop a probabilistic approach that allows us to analyze several parameters of a randomly chosen staircase tableau of a given size. In particular, we obtain limiting distributions for statistics associated with appearances of Greek letters in staircase tableaux. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012