bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismatch Between Global Importance of Peatlands and the Extent of Their Protection
Authors: Austin Kemen G. , Elsen Paul R , Coronado Euridice N. Honorio , DeGemmis Alfred , Gallego‐Sala Angela V. , Harris Lorna , Kretser Heidi E. , Melton Joe R. , Murdiyarso Daniel , Sasmito Sigit D. , Swails Erin , Wijaya Arief , Winton R. Scott , Zarin Dan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGlobal peatlands store more carbon than all the world's forests biomass on just 3% of the planet's land surface. Failure to address mounting threats to peatland ecosystems will jeopardize critical climate targets and exacerbate biodiversity loss. Our analysis reveals that 17% of peatlands are protected globally—substantially less than many other high‐value ecosystems. Just 11% percent of boreal and 27% of temperate and tropical peatlands are protected, while Indigenous peoples' lands encompass at least another one‐quarter of peatlands globally. Peatlands in protected areas and Indigenous peoples' lands generally face lower human pressure than outside those areas. Yet, almost half of temperate and tropical peatlands in protected areas still experience medium to high human pressure. Country submissions of Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement and National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans under the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework could help catalyze actions and secure funding for peatland conservation, including support for the Indigenous stewardship that is critical to protect many of the world's highest priority peatland areas.
MCAM Expression Facilitates Melanoma–Endothelial Interactions and Promotes Metastatic Disease Progression
Authors: Braun Andreas Dominik , Mengoni Miriam , Tüting Thomas , Gaffal Evelyn 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInvasive growth and metastatic dissemination represent the primary cause of death in cancer patients. In order to successfully detach from the primary tumour and establish metastases in distant tissues, cancer cells need to dynamically rewire their cell adhesion machinery. Here we revisit the potential association of MCAM, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that was initially identified as a melanoma antigen, with disease progression. Using immunohistochemical stainings and bioinformatic analyses of published datasets, we find abundant MCAM expression both in primary and metastatic human melanomas. In additional bioinformatic analyses, we show that MCAM is highly expressed in foetal melanocytes and subsequently downregulated during melanocyte maturation. Bioinformatic inference of cellular communication networks reveals that melanoma cells with high MCAM expression more actively engage in signalling crosstalk with endothelial cells. Experimental investigations demonstrate that disruption of MCAM in melanoma cells inhibits their migration on endothelial cell surfaces in vitro and decreases their ability to develop spontaneous lung metastases in vivo. Taken together, our results could not confirm the notion that MCAM expression represents a useful biomarker for disease progression but provide evidence that MCAM expression might represent part of a reactivated embryonal transcriptional program that facilitates melanoma–endothelial cell interactions during metastatic progression.
Explorative Interaction with Materiality in Norwegian Primary School Makerspaces from the Perspective of Arts and Crafts Education
Authors: Søyland Lovise , Høibo Ingrid H. , Groth Camilla , Seitamaa‐Hakkarainen Pirita 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEducational makerspaces have now been established in many Norwegian schools. Makerspace initiators promote active learning by using new and traditional materials, tools and technologies in creative activities. Arts and crafts (A&C) education shares many ideas with makerspaces, inviting pupils to explorative interaction through material engagement that promotes multiple ways of knowing. In this study, we examined primary school pupils’ explorative interaction with materiality in Norwegian educational makerspaces from an A&C education perspective. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with teachers in seven schools, asking about their practices. We also observed teachers and pupils engaging in makerspace activities in four of these schools. Our interviews revealed that science teachers have completed the crucial groundwork of initiating the building of makerspaces in Norwegian schools. We found that the teachers were highly motivated to use new materials, adding new dimensions of making for the pupils, but the materials and technologies could be utilised more constructively and exploratively and in more open‐ended processes. Science and A&C teachers could benefit from closer collaboration, developing and implementing co‐creative and explorative aspects of traditional and new materials, tools and technologies in makerspace activities. We argue that including A&C could bring new creative potential into makerspace activities, allowing pupils to craft with materials through artistic, sensorial and explorative dimensions of materiality more extensively than they currently do.
English‐Only Policies and Allegations of Racism in Nursing: Safety, Culture and Respect Prevail
Authors: Brownie Sharon , Chalmers Linda 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo provide a critical analysis of the allegation that introduction of workplace English‐Only policies for nurses may be racist. To provide guidance to inform policy development in this field.MethodsThe intertwined complexities informing English‐Only policy development are explored inclusive of the complicated relationship between patient safety, human rights, cultural context, ethics and the social norms which guide manners and respect.ResultsCommunication failures are confirmed as a major cause of patient harm incidences with adverse events extensively exacerbated in the absence of shared language between nurses, patients, families and the broader healthcare team. The combined global movement of nurses and increasing diversity within clinical teams points to heightened risk of communication failure.ConclusionUnequivocally, patient safety (inclusive of cultural safety) confirms the necessity for policies related to shared language in health. Safety‐orientated English‐Only policies are neither racist nor a breach of human rights. Whether it be in the skies, on the sea, or in a healthcare context, shared language policies and standards (most commonly English‐Only policies) are needed to protect human safety and avoid harm.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe demographic profile of most western and many developing nations has changed significantly over the last two decades adding new complexity in healthcare contexts. Need exists for shared language policy in nursing with priority to safety, human rights, respect, ethical recruitment and to the social and cultural dimensions of the workforce.
Hypoxia‐Induced Metabolic and Functional Changes in Oral CSCs: Implications for Stemness and Viability Modulation Through BNIP3‐Driven Mitophagy
Authors: Li Xin , Chaouhan Hitesh Singh , Yu Shao‐Hua , Wang I‐Kuan , Yu Tung‐Min , Chuang Ya‐Wen , Chen Kuen‐Bao , Lin Feng‐Yen , Chen Michael Yuan‐Chien , Hsu Che‐Hao , Sun Kuo‐Ting , Li Chi‐Yuan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), like several solid tumours, contain heterogeneous subpopulations of a small subset of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), that are highly relevant to cancer metastasis and invasive properties. CSCs have also shown a high capacity to survive against various stressful environments, such as hypoxia. However, the molecular underpinnings behind the high potential of CSCs to survive under this stress remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the significance of autophagy systems in oral CSC maintenance and survival under stress conditions. Human OSCC cell lines OECM‐1 and OECM‐1 CSCs were cultured in different hypoxic time periods for proliferation and cytotoxicity analyses. The stemness property of CSCs is evaluated by sphere formation, transwell and wound healing assays protein expression of stemness, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition markers. Mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial ROS generation, mitochondria dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial metabolism (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]) were examined by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and XF‐seahorse assays, respectively. Under hypoxia, oral CSCs showed a higher proliferation rate with increased invasion/migration/EMT properties than OECM‐1 cells. Further, hypoxia‐induced BNIP3‐driven mitophagy was activated in OECM‐1 CSCs than in OECM‐1 cells, which also triggered a metabolic shift towards OXPHOS, and BNIP3/‐L silencing by siRNA significantly attenuated OECM‐1 CSCs stemness features. TCGA data analyses also revealed a higher BNIP3 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma patients' tumour samples associated with lower patient survival. Collectively, our results revealed a BNIP3/‐L‐driven autophagy contributes to the OECM‐1 CSCs stemness features under hypoxia, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy involving BNIP3 and autophagy inhibition in oral CSCs.
Inter‐ and Intraindividual Relations Between Agentic, Communal Self‐Enhancement and Hedonic, Eudaimonic Well‐Being: Feedback and Mediation Mechanisms
Authors: Li Jiangyong , Qi Huaiyuan , Huang Huiqing , Wang Junyi , Chen Xuhai , Luo Yangmei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionResearchers seldom consider the interplay between self‐enhancement (SE) and well‐being at both inter‐ and intraindividual levels. Previous studies have primarily focused on agentic SE and hedonic well‐being, often neglecting communal SE and eudaimonic well‐being. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the reciprocal relationship between both agentic and communal SE and both hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being. Self‐esteem is identified as a potential mediator in these relationships at both inter‐ and intraindividual levels.MethodUsing experience sampling, 172 participants (Mage = 24.25, 75% female) responded to smartphone prompts four times daily for 10 days, yielding 5925 observations. Data were analyzed with Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling.ResultsAt the intraindividual level, stronger SE predicted increased hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being within a short period (about 4 h). This enhanced well‐being, in turn, was related to stronger SE, creating a positive feedback loop. At the interindividual level, higher agentic and communal SE correlated with greater well‐being. Self‐esteem mediated the reciprocal associations between SE and well‐being at both levels.ConclusionThese findings offer new insights into the dynamics of SE and well‐being, supporting the positive link between SE and well‐being in everyday life, emphasizing the mediating role of self‐esteem across different analysis levels.
Portable IoT device for tire text code identification via integrated computer vision system
Authors: Zhang Haowei , Gao Kang , Hou Yue , Domaneschi Marco , Noori Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe identification of tire text codes (TTC) during the production and operational phases of tires can significantly improve safety and maintenance practices. Current methods for TTC identification face challenges related to stability, computational efficiency, and outdoor applicability. This paper introduces an automated TTC identification system founded on a robust framework that is both user‐friendly and easy to implement, thereby enhancing the practical use and industrial applicability of TTC identification technologies. Initially, instance segmentation is creatively utilized for detecting TTC regions on the tire sidewall through You Only Look Once (YOLO)‐v8‐based models, which are trained on a dataset comprising 430 real‐world tire images. Subsequently, a computationally efficient rotation algorithm, along with specific image pre‐processing techniques, is developed to tackle common issues associated with centripetal rotation in the TTC region and to improve the accuracy of TTC region detection. Furthermore, a series of YOLO‐v8 object detection models were assessed using an independently collected dataset of 1127 images to optimize the recognition of TTC characters. Ultimately, a portable Internet of Things (IoT) vision device is created, featuring a comprehensive workflow to support the proposed TTC identification framework. The TTC region detection model achieves a segmentation precision of 0.8812, while the TTC recognition model reaches a precision of 0.9710, based on the datasets presented in this paper. Field tests demonstrate the system's advancements, reliability, and potential industrial significance for practical applications. The IoT device is shown to be portable, cost‐effective, and capable of processing each tire in 200 ms.
Care Workers' Mobilization During Public Services Reform: Opportunities and Institutionalized Gender Relations
Authors: Dussault Joëlle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents an analysis of the structuring effect of public policy and gender relations on the activism of care professionals working in progressively privatized public services. More specifically, it looks at how care professionals responded to the 2015 health and social services sector reform in Quebec, Canada. It argues that workers in caring professions, such as nursing and social work, had a limited capacity to take advantage of the political opportunities created by the reform because of the prevailing gradual privatization and gender relations structuring this sector. By considering gender relations as an antecedent factor that cuts across organizational and institutional dimensions and, thereby, contributes to shaping political opportunities, this paper stresses the relevance and importance of relations of domination to understand how people organize and attempt to act individually and collectively within institutional spaces.
Canadian Democracy at Risk? A Wakeup Call From the Perspective of English‐Speaking Citizens
Authors: Stockemer Daniel , Gaspard Valere 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAt first glance, Canada is a resilient democracy. It has so far resisted international trends of democratic decline, it has not had any major populist upheavals aside from the Freedom Convoy in 2022, and no extremist parties are in parliament. However, if we look at public opinion data, we find widespread democratic disillusionment. An online representative survey of English‐speaking Canadians shows that more than 30% of the respondents indicate that they have no trust in democracy, more than 40% claim that the government controls what they can say, nearly 50% do not feel represented by government, and two thirds of the sample feel some sort of moral decay. These numbers illustrate a concerning gap between the preoccupations of large parts of English‐speaking Canadians and the institutions of representative democracy—especially since disillusionment can weaken democratic safeguards and increase the likeliness of a surge of populist politicians.Related ArticlesBéland, D., G. P. Marchildon, A. Medrano, and P. Rocco. (2024). “Policy Feedback, Varieties of Federalism, and the Politics of Health‐Care Funding in the United States, Mexico, and Canada.” Politics & Policy 52, no. (1): 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12575.Denis, C. (2007). “Canadians in Trouble Abroad: Citizenship, Personal Security, and North American Regionalization.” Politics & Policy 35, no. (4): 648–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00078.x.Stockemer, D., and S. Parent. (2014). “The Inequality Turnout Nexus: New Evidence from Presidential Elections.” Politics & Policy 42, no. (2): 221–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12067.
Design of a Vacuum Dryer Based on Experimental Data From Atmospheric Drying
Authors: Sabatini Michel , Havlik Jan , Dlouhy Tomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article investigates the influence of operating pressure on heat transfer in indirect dryers, focusing on the possibility of using data gathered from atmospheric experiments for the design and operation of a vacuum dryer, thereby simplifying the design process. The penetration model describing indirect drying was used to determine the drying rate for both atmospheric and vacuum conditions. A relation between operating pressure and the overall heat transfer coefficient for indirect dryers was found and described by an equation in the form of a power function. The proposed solution was experimentally verified on an experimental horizontal paddle dryer where a series of experiments were carried out with porous cereal feed pellets with an initial moisture content ranging from 22.6%db to 35.3%db for both the atmospheric and vacuum drying. In this way, it is possible to predict the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient, drying rate, and drying curve for vacuum drying according to the results of experiments performed at atmospheric pressure. The number and complexity of experimental verification tests required for the design of a new dryer can thus be significantly reduced. The proposed equation can also be used for optimization of the drying process of an existing dryer, which can reduce drying time and save energy.
Revisiting Dimensionless Parameters Quantifying Film Cooling
Authors: Lee Chien-Shing , Shih Tom I-P. , Straub Douglas , Weber Justin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The adiabatic effectiveness of film cooling (η) has been characterized by the density (DRh) and blowing (BRh) ratios. In this study, dimensional analysis and computations based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) were performed to identify and examine parameters needed to quantify η, where film cooling is crossflow-fed instead of plenum-fed. The test problem studied is film cooling of a flat plate, where the cooling air, issuing through 30-deg inclined circular holes, is fed from a cooling channel whose flow direction is perpendicular to the direction of the hot-gas flow. For this test problem, dimensional analysis shows an additional blowing ratio is needed, denoted as BRc, to quantify η, where BRc is the ratio of the mass flux through the film-cooling hole to the mass flux in the cooling channel upstream of the film-cooling hole. RANS results with and without conjugate heat transfer obtained by varying the mass flowrate in the cooling channel, while keeping DRh and BRh constant (DRh = 1.9 and BRh was either 0.75 or 1.0), show reducing mass flowrate in the cooling channel by one-half, which doubles BRc (from 2.6 to 5.2) to slightly affect the discharge coefficient through the film-cooling holes (&lt;5%) but up to 85% on laterally averaged η and up to 25% on overall cooling effectiveness. RANS results also show the flow mechanisms induced by BRc that affect η. The RANS results of this study were validated by comparing with experimental data.
THE EFFECTS OF CASING PROFILE ON THE AERODYNAMICS OF INTEGRATED INTERMEDIATE TURBINE DUCTS
Authors: Hou Jiangdong , Duan Xiaozhi , Kang Ziyu , Yu Yi , Zhou Chao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To reduce the engine's length and weight, the concept of integrated intermediate turbine duct (IITD) is proposed, in which the first row of the low-pressure turbine vanes are replaced by the turning struts in ITD. The effects of the casing profile on the flow features and loss mechanism in the IITD are investigated by experimental, numerical and theoretical methods. In the baseline case, the casing passage vortex at the exit of the IITD is featured with two branches, which is caused by the entrainment effect of the suction side leg of horseshoe vortex near casing. By making the casing profile upstream of the leading edge more downward convex, the thickness of the casing boundary layer can be reduced, and the horseshoe vortex is weakened. The structure of the exit casing secondary flow is thus more integral. In the IITD with higher mean rise angle, the entrainment effect has the ability to reduce the low-momentum fluid and suppress the separation on the suction surface. A method of controlling the casing secondary flow is proposed accordingly. To analyze the loss mechanism, the loss is broken down into the parts generated by mean vortex and turbulence theoretically. The casing boundary layer acceleration can lead to larger velocity gradient and loss caused by mean vortex. While the turbulent dissipation will be reduced on the other hand. Large turbulent dissipation can also be generated when the mixing between the casing secondary flow and wake is enhanced.
Immediate Effects of Overnight Long-Haul Travel on Physical and Cognitive Performance and Sleep in Professional Male Rugby Union Players (a 2-Part Study)
Authors: Uchiyama Kanon , Peeling Peter , Halson Shona L. , Reid Machar , Wallman Karen , Walsh Jennifer , Russell Suzanna , Thomas Simon , Girard Olivier 
Published: February 2025

Background: Travel can disrupt sleep and reduce perceived recovery in athletes. While the impact of travel on physical performance has been studied, its effect on cognitive performance remains unexplored. Purpose: This study investigated the consequences of overnight long-haul travel on physical (part I) and cognitive performance (part II) in professional rugby players traveling overseas for competition. Methods: In part I (n = 24), vertical-jump performance was assessed across 5 mornings surrounding travel (HOME, TRAVEL, and AWAY 1, 2, and 3). In part II (n = 24), mental fatigue and psychomotor vigilance (defined as the ability to respond to stimuli effectively) were assessed across 3 days (HOME, TRAVEL, and AWAY 1). Sleep was monitored on all nights preceding performance assessment using activity monitoring. Results: Compared with HOME, TRAVEL reduced sleep quantity (part I. −219 [112] min; part II, −334 [233] min; both P < .001) and elevated in-flight mental fatigue (part II, +12 [18]; P < .05). Psychomotor vigilance was impaired during TRAVEL (+8% [6%] in valid response latencies ≤500 milliseconds; P < .001), and reactive jump strength was reduced at AWAY 1 (−7% [10%] in drop jump; P < .001). While psychomotor vigilance was restored by AWAY 1 (after hotel sleep), reactive jump strength remained diminished until AWAY 3 (−12% [9%] in drop jump compared with HOME; P < .001) after travel. Conclusion: For teams traveling on long-haul journeys overnight for competition, it is recommended to arrive more than 3 days before matches to enable sufficient physical and cognitive recovery at the new destination to optimize performance away from home.