bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of e‐Government Promotion in Europe: Internet Dependence and Critical Mass
Authors: Fernández‐i‐Marín Xavier 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGovernments and public bodies have been fostering the development of e‐Government services during the last decade, promoting more and better administrative services through digital channels. The impact of this process, however, has not been fully assessed. This article investigates the relative impact of two key factors on the diffusion of e‐Government services; the level of Internet penetration and investment by governments in more and better government services. The aim is to analyze across European countries the impact of e‐Government policies on their adoption, under different levels of Internet penetration, enabling an assessment of how promotion of e‐Government (through investment in more and better services, for example) can have the maximum impact on citizenship adoption. It reports analysis of a cross‐sectional dataset of European countries using a Bayesian linear model. Results show that when Internet users are scarce, policies to foster e‐Government adoption will have little ‐ although not negligible ‐ impact. But at a certain level of Internet penetration, focused e‐Government policies have a substantial impact on citizens' adoption of the technology. The results also highlight the importance of investing in e‐Government in the appropriate moment, that is, when its impact can be greatest. The paper, then, addresses the factors that make eGovernment policy more effective. The Bayesian inference used allows the research to avoid artificial assumptions common in comparative politics research, to design more flexible models and to present the results in a more natural way.
A Platform for Individualized Campaigning? Social Media and Parliamentary Candidates in the 2009 Norwegian Election Campaign
Authors: Karlsen Rune 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIt is often argued that new technology will increase centralization of political parties but Internet‐based technologies, especially the social media, provide individual candidates with opportunities to run campaigns more independently of the central party. This article argues that the effect of new technology depends on the contextual characteristics of the campaign, most importantly the nomination process and the electoral system. It investigates the effect of online social media on individual candidate campaigning through a study of parliamentary candidates' use of social media in the 2009 Norwegian election campaign, a campaign environment with few incentives for candidates to undertake individualized campaigning, using the 2009 Norwegian Candidate Study. Findings reveal that online social media are much appreciated by candidates and are used to a great extent. The technological effect on individual campaigning appears small as candidates who consider social media important do not focus on their own candidacy to a greater extent than other candidates. However, candidates with an individualized candidate focus are more inclined to use Facebook and consider social media important for their campaign communication. Consequently, although social media in the short run are not likely to increase individualized campaigning as such, candidates with a candidate focus have been offered a new channel for self‐promotion.
Le plan Alzheimer 2008-2012
Authors: Lustman Florence 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Notre pays connaît une augmentation importante de l’espérance de vie qui s’accompagne du développement des maladies liées au vieillissement, comme la maladie d’Alzheimer qui se caractérise par la perte progressive de la mémoire et des fonctions cognitives et s’accompagne de troubles du comportement. Plus de 800 000 personnes seraient touchées par la maladie d’Alzheimer ou une maladie apparentée en France ; 550 000 étaient suivies médicalement fin 2009, dont 350 000 au titre de l’affection longue durée. Au-delà des malades eux-mêmes, les aidants familiaux et l’entourage sont souvent les secondes victimes. Face à cet enjeu de société, le président de la République a présenté le 1 er février 2008 le plan Alzheimer 2008-2012 qui traduit un engagement politique fort, tant envers les malades que leurs proches. Son objectif : construire un parcours personnalisé pour chaque malade, depuis le diagnostic jusqu’à la prise en charge à domicile et le cas échéant en établissement.
Le rôle de l'usage sur le développement des constructions nominales chez les enfants pré-lecteurs
Authors: Nardy Aurélie , Dugua Céline 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Le développement des constructions nominales en contexte de liaison catégorique chez l’enfant pré-lecteur a fait l’objet d’une modélisation dans le cadre des théories basées sur l’usage (Chevrot et al. , 2009). Dans cet article, nous examinerons le développement de la liaison variable, marqueur sociolinguistique du français, dont la fréquence de réalisation, chez l’adulte, est notamment liée à l’origine sociale. Cent quatre-vingt cinq enfants, issus de milieux sociaux contrastés (des enfants de cadres et des enfants d’ouvriers) et âgés de 2 à 6 ans, ont passé une tâche expérimentale de dénomination d’images induisant la production de liaisons variables dans le contexte « adjectif + nom ». Nos résultats montrent que les différences sociales se créent progressivement au cours du développement et qu’à 5-6 ans, la stratification sociale des usages de la liaison variable, relevée chez l’adulte, est en place dans les productions enfantines. En accord avec les principes défendus par les théories basées sur l’usage, nous généraliserons le modèle développemental de l’acquisition des constructions nominales en contexte de liaison catégorique à celui de la liaison variable.
L'éléphant français libre
Authors: Simonin Anne 
Published: November 2011

Résumé L’émission hebdomadaire consacrée aux aventures de Babar sur la BBC entre juillet 1941 et mai 1944 ne semble pas avoir laissé de traces dans la mémoire collective. Or cette émission, destinée aux enfants de France, est bien autre chose qu’un divertissement quand on la met en lien avec le livre pour lequel Romain Gary obtint le prix Goncourt en 1956, Les Racines du ciel. Quel est le point commun entre Babar et Les Racines du ciel ? L’éléphant. Sous les traits d’une des plus célèbres figures de la littérature enfantine, Babar, ou en tant que représentant des droits de l’Homme sous la plume de Gary, l’éléphant incarne cette dimension essentielle quand il s’agit de la France idéale : la grandeur. C’est l’éléphant qui assure la présence au monde de la grandeur de la France incarnée temporairement dans la France libre, et qui légitime la Résistance chaque fois que les droits de l’Homme sont bafoués, par les nazis sous l’Occupation, par une interprétation abusive de la loi au Tchad, dans les années 1950.
Checklist of Health Promotion Environments at Worksites (CHEW): Development and Measurement Characteristics
Authors: Oldenburg Brian , Sallis James F. , Harris David , Owen Neville 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. Health promotion policy frameworks, recent theorizing, and research all emphasize understanding and mobilizing environmental influences to change particular health-related behaviors in specific settings. The workplace is a key environmental setting. The Checklist of Health Promotion Environments at Worksites (CHEW) was designed as a direct observation instrument to assess characteristics of worksite environments that are known to influence health-related behaviors. Methods. The CHEW is a 112-item checklist of workplace environmental features hypothesized to be associated, both positively and negatively, with physical activity, healthy eating, alcohol consumption, and smoking. The three environmental domains assessed are (1) physical characteristics of the worksite, (2) features of the information environment, and (3) characteristics of the immediate neighborhood around the workplace. The conceptual rationale and development studies for the CHEW are described, and data from observational studies of 20 worksites are reported. Results. The data on CHEW-derived environmental attributes showed generally good reliability and identified meaningful sets of variables that plausibly may influence health-related behaviors. With the exception of one information environment attribute, intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. Descriptive statistics on selected physical and information environment characteristics indicated that vending machines, showers, bulletin boards, and signs prohibiting smoking were common across worksites. Bicycle racks, visible stairways, and signs related to alcohol consumption, nutrition, and health promotion were relatively uncommon. Conclusions. These findings illustrate the types of data on environmental attributes that can be derived, their relevance for program planning, and how they can characterize variability across worksites. The CHEW is a promising observational measure that has the potential to assess environmental influences on health behaviors and to evaluate workplace health promotion programs.
Fluid Extravasation during Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Stafford Giles H. , Malviya Ajay , Villar Richard N. 
Published: November 2011

The amount of fluid that may be lost into the soft tissues during hip arthroscopic surgery is unknown. We measured the volumes of irrigation fluid infused, operating time, fluid pressures and volumes of fluid recovered in 36 therapeutic hip arthroscopies. We excluded those where fluid was lost to the floor, leaving 28 patients. The majority were undergoing surgery for the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement. In 5 patients an intra-articular contrast medium was instilled, in order to establish the likely location of any extravasated fluid. The mean operating time was 68 minutes (31 to 120), and the mean infusion pressure was 46 mm Hg (30 to 70). The mean volume of infused fluid was 9677 ml (95% confidence interval (CI) 7715 to 11638) and the mean volume of fluid recovered was 8544 ml (95% CI 6715 to 10373). The mean fluid extravasation loss into the peri-articular tissues was 1132 ml (95% CI 808 ml to 1456 ml). There was a significant correlation between the volume of extravasated fluid and both the length of operation and the volume of infused fluid used. We had no adverse events in our series. During arthroscopic hip surgery more than a litre of irrigation fluid may be extravasated into the soft tissues. In order to reduce problems related to this we attempt to keep operating times low, and maintain intra-operative fluid pressures as low as possible.
Poly(L‐histidine)‐chitosan/alginate complex microcapsule as a novel drug delivery agent
Authors: Chen Ai‐Zheng , Chen Mei‐Ying , Wang Shi‐Bin , Huang Xiao‐Nan , Liu Yuan‐Gang , Chen Zong‐Xiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNovel poly(L‐histidine)‐chitosan/alginate complex microcapsules were prepared from biodegradable polymers poly(L‐histidine) (PLHis) in the presence of chitosan at acetate buffer solution pH 4.6. Microcapsules obtained are spherical and well‐dispersed with a smooth surface and a narrow size distribution. The microcapsules can encapsulate the protein model drug hemoglobin (Hb) efficiently. The results show that the complex microcapsules with low, medium, or high molecular weight of chitosan (0.05%, w/v), the highest encapsulation efficiencies obtained are 91.3%, 85.9%, and 94.2% with loading efficiencies of 47.8%, 44.3%, and 39.7%, respectively. The release profiles indicate that Hb‐loaded microcapsules conform to first‐order release kinetic in whole procedure, and 84.8%, 71.4%, and 87.3% of Hb were released during 72‐h incubation in PBS pH6.8 for microcapsules with low, medium, and high molecular weight chitosan (0.05%, w/v), respectively. The results also indicate that particle size and drug loading efficiency have a significant influence on the release profile and encapsulation efficiency. Our results reveal that the PLHis‐chitosan/alginate complex microcapsules are able to encapsulate and release Hb and are potential carriers for protein drugs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of stearic acid and sodium stearate on cast cornstarch films
Authors: Wu Xiao , Chen Yong , Lv Xu‐Chao , Du Zong‐Liang , Zhu Pu‐Xin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStearic acid and sodium stearate were used as lipids to form inclusion complexes with cornstarch through a cooking process, respectively. The complexing index and the surface tension of the cooked pastes were measured. The films of the pastes were formed by casting, paper‐sizing, and paper‐coating methods. X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the crystal and surface structures. Such properties of the complex films as the moisture absorption, friction coefficient, and tensile properties were tested. The results reveal that the two lipids could form an inclusion complex with amylose in the cornstarch more or less as a result of forming V‐type crystals that restrained the crystallite size of the B‐type crystal in the starch film. The addition of lipids reduced the sensitivity of the complex films to environmental moisture, decreased the friction coefficient of the films, and visibly increased the smoothness of the surfaces of the films. When the lipids were added in the starch at a weight content of 1%, the elongation at break of the complex film increased and the strength decreased slightly, and above a 1% content of the lipids, the tensile properties of the starch film were greatly deteriorated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of poly(γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane)‐grafted silica hybrid nanoparticles prepared by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Wu Ji‐Rong , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Yu Hai‐Jiang , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) (PMPTS)‐grafted silica hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP). The resulting PMPTS‐grafted silica hybrid nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), static water contact angle (WCA) measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combined FTIRS, NMR, XPS, SEM, and TGA studies confirmed that these hybrid nanoparticles were successfully prepared by surface‐initiated ATRP. SEM and AFM studies revealed that the surfaces of the nanoparticles were rough at the nanoscale. In addition, the results of the static WCA measurements showed that the nanoparticles are of low surface energy and their surface energy reaches as low as 6.10 mN m−1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Manipulation of enzyme properties by noncanonical amino acid incorporation
Authors: Zheng Shun , Kwon Inchan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince wild‐type enzymes do not always have the properties needed for various applications, enzymes are often engineered to obtain desirable properties through protein engineering techniques. In the past decade, complementary to the widely used rational protein design and directed evolution techniques, noncanonical amino acid incorporation (NCAAI) has become a new and effective protein engineering technique. Recently, NCAAI has been used to improve intrinsic functions of proteins, such as enzymes and fluorescent proteins, beyond the capacities obtained with natural amino acids. Herein, recent progress on improving enzyme properties through NCAAI in vivo is reviewed and the challenges of current approaches and future directions are also discussed. To date, both NCAAI methods‐residue‐ and site‐specific incorporation‐have been primarily used to improve the catalytic turnover number and substrate binding affinity of enzymes. Numerous strategies used to minimize structural perturbation and stability loss of a target enzyme upon NCAAI are also explored. Considering the generality of NCAAI incorporation, we expect its application could be expanded to improve other enzyme properties, such as substrate specificity and solvent resistance in the near future.
A Fluorescence Turn‐on Sensor for Iodide Based on a Thymine–HgII–Thymine Complex
Authors: Ma Boling , Zeng Fang , Zheng Fangyuan , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIodide plays a vital role in many biological processes, including neurological activity and thyroid function. Due to its physiological relevance, a method for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of iodide in food, pharmaceutical products, and biological samples such as urine is of great importance. Herein, we demonstrate a novel and facile strategy for constructing a fluorescence turn‐on sensor for iodide based on a T–HgII–T complex (T=thymine). A fluorescent anthracene–thymine dyad (An‐T) was synthesized, the binding of which to a mercury(II) ion lead to the formation of a An‐T–HgII–T‐An complex, thereby quenching the fluorescent emission of this dyad. In this respect, the dyad An‐T constituted a fluorescence turn‐off sensor for mercury(II) ions in aqueous media. More importantly, it was found that upon addition of iodide, the mercury(II) ion was extracted from the complex due to the even stronger binding between mercury(II) ions and iodide, leading to the release of the free dyad and restoration of the fluorescence. By virtue of this fluorescence quenching and recovery process, the An‐T–HgII–T‐An complex constitutes a fluorescence turn‐on sensor for iodide with a detection limit of 126 nM. Moreover, this sensor is highly selective for iodide over other common anions, and can be used in the determination of iodide in drinking water and biological samples such as urine. This strategy may provide a new approach for sensing some other anions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign Procedure for the Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Thiobenzothiazoles, 2‐Thiobenzoxazoles, 2‐Thiobenzimidazoles, and 1,3‐Oxazolopyridine‐2‐thiols.
Authors: Deligeorgiev Todor G. , Kaloyanova Stefka S. , Lesev Nedyalko Y. , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn improved method for the synthesis of the title compounds is presented which uses glycerol or PEG 400 as solvent under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficacy of C—N Coupling Reactions with a New Multinuclear Copper Complex Catalyst and Its Dissociation into Mononuclear Species.
Authors: Zou Yan , Lin Haisheng , Maggard Paul A. , Deiters Alexander 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new air‐stable copper(I)‐pyridazine/rhenate hybrid complex is prepared and its activity is explored in C—N coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intermolecular Allyl—Allyl Cross‐Couplings Between Alcohols and Boronates.
Authors: Jimenez‐Aquino Agustin , Ferrer Flegeau Emmanuel , Schneider Uwe , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe presented reaction proceeds under mild conditions with excellent linear‐γ‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simplified Catalytic System for Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Thioamides; Application to an Enantioselective Synthesis of Atorvastatin.
Authors: Kawato Yuji , Iwata Mitsutaka , Yazaki Ryo , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new second generation lithium‐free Cu catalyst is developed that exhibits an enhanced catalytic efficiency over the previously applied first generation catalyst (Cu(MeCN)4PF6/BPE/LiOAr), which required a tedious preparation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 2‐Oxo‐4‐arylbutanoic Acids to 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐arylbutanoic Acids.
Authors: Zhu Lufeng , Chen Houhe , Meng Qinghua , Fan Weizheng , Xie Xiaomin , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRuthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of title oxobutanoic acids (I) proceeds smoothly in the presence of chiral (S)‐SunPhos ligand to give the corresponding hydroxybutanoic acid esters (III) in up to 93% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling Using Organogold Complexes.
Authors: Pankajakshan Sreekumar , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn effective procedure for the aerobic aryl—alkyne coupling under very mild conditions uses organogold complexes as pseudo‐aryl halides in the Sonogashira coupling and does not require any base, ligand, or inert conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Azaspirocycles by a Dysprosium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Aza‐Piancatelli Rearrangement.
Authors: Palmer Leoni I. , de Alaniz Javier Read 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe spiro compounds are obtained with trans‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Aza‐Quaternary Carbon Derivatives.
Authors: Li Liqi , Han Manyi , Xiao Mingxing , Xie Zhixiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReaction of indolinones with carbonyl compounds under conditions A) is described as an efficient process to construct chiral aza‐quaternary carbon addition products with good regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Mediated Intramolecular C—O and C—C Coupling Reactions: An Efficient Synthesis of Benzannulated Oxazepino‐ and Pyranocarbazoles.
Authors: Prabakaran Kumaresan , Zeller Matthias , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDepending on the conditions used, the reaction of 1‐hydroxycarbazoles (I) with acid chlorides (II) give the corresponding N‐ or O‐benzoylated products selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Derivatization of Some Novel Types of Fluorinated Mono‐ and Bis‐Imidazolidineiminothiones with Antitumor, Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activities.
Authors: El‐Sharief Marwa A. M. Sh. , Moussa Ziad , El‐Sharief Ahmed M. Sh. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA series of title compounds of type (III) and (IV) is prepared and tested for their biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective and Diastereoselective Synthesis of New Spiro‐isoxazolidines via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Stable Isatin Ketonitrone and Various Dipolarophiles.
Authors: Mehrdad Morteza , Faraji Laleh , Jadidi Khosrow , Eslami Parisa , Sureni Hossein 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOptimum reaction conditions are studied for the regioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of spiro‐isoxazolidines of type (V) or (VII) via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the stable isatin ketonitrone (III) and various dipolarophiles of type (IV) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Epoxybenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1‐Dioxides via a Reductive‐Heck, Metathesis‐Sequestration Protocol.
Authors: Asad Naeem , Hanson Paul R. , Long Toby R. , Rayabarapu Dinesh K. , Rolfe Alan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn atom‐economical protocol for the synthesis and purification of the compounds (III) and (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of o‐Arylcarboxybenzonitriles and Alkynes via Cleavage of Two Carbon—Carbon σ Bonds.
Authors: Nakai Kenichiro , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reaction works well under catalysis of an optimized system with symmetrical and unsymmetrical internal alkynes to give 3,4‐disubstituted coumarins, but fails for terminal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines by Groebke—Blackburn Reaction.
Authors: Lamberth Clemens 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe title reaction can be achieved with different isocyanides and benzaldehydes giving products (IV) with a broad variety of substituents in the imidazole moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2‐Substituted Derivatives of 3‐Cyano‐4‐imino‐2‐methylthio‐8‐methoxy‐4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b] [1,3]benzothiazole and 3‐Amino‐4‐imino‐8‐methoxy‐2H‐pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b] [1,3]benzothiazole.
Authors: Badne S. G. , Swamy D. K. , Bhosale V. N. , Kuberkar S. V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAll synthesized compounds are screened for their antimicrobial activity against S.