bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign apocrine papillary lesions of the breast lacking or virtually lacking myoepithelial cells—potential pitfalls in diagnosing malignancy
Authors: CSERNI GÁBOR 
Published: November 2011

Cserni G. Benign apocrine papillary lesions of the breast lacking or virtually lacking myoepithelial cells – potential pitfalls in diagnosing malignancy. APMIS 2012; 120: 249–52.Two cases of apocrine papillary lesions are presented, in which myoepithelial cells were not visualized on hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides. A complex sclerosing papillary lesion did not exhibit myoepithelial cells on p63 and CD10 immunostaining, although a thin rim of myoepithelial cell cytoplasm was revealed by smooth muscle actin, calponin, and S100 immunostains. In the other lesion, without sclerosis, myoepithelium was not detected in the central papillary cores or at the periphery of the cystic wall on hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections or with any of the myoepithelial markers tested, although two small wall areas did display the presence of myoepithelium. These two cases strengthen the view that the lack of myoepithelium alone in apocrine lesions cannot be equated with malignancy. As recent literature reports have demonstrated that myoepithelial cells may be missing from benign apocrine changes and proliferations of different types, a reconsideration of the diagnostic criteria of the malignancy of such lesions appears essential.
Oral status, oral hygiene habits and caries risk factors in home‐dwelling elderly dependent on moderate or substantial supportive care for daily living
Authors: Strömberg Ella , Hagman‐Gustafsson Marie‐Louise , Holmén Anette , Wårdh Inger , Gabre Pia 
Published: November 2011

Strömberg E, Hagman‐Gustafsson M‐L, Holmén A, Wårdh I, Gabre P. Oral status, oral hygiene habits and caries risk factors in home‐dwelling elderly dependent on moderate or substantial supportive care for daily living. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011;. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objectives:  Elderly people with disabilities have an increased risk of developing oral diseases as compared with the healthy elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate oral hygiene habits, clinical variables related to oral self‐care and caries risk in elderly individuals living at home with moderate and substantial needs of home care.Methods:  A random sample of 151 elderly people with moderate needs and 151 with substantial needs of home care were examined. Data concerning general health, social conditions and oral hygiene habits were collected using a questionnaire. Data showing the prevalence of caries, plaque scores and gingival bleeding were obtained through clinical examinations.Results:  Elderly subjects with substantial needs of home nursing had more active caries (P < 0.01) and more often gingival bleeding (P < 0.05), as compared with elderly people with moderate needs. Forty‐nine per cent of the elderly with moderate needs performed acceptable self‐care, as compared with 25% of the individuals with substantial needs. Good self‐care was associated with women, low plaque scores, less bleeding and less caries. Factors increasing the risk of having caries were low saliva secretion, high plaque scores and a large number of fillings, while having a dentist and good oral hygiene habits increased the chance of not developing caries.Conclusions:  Good oral hygiene habits were associated with less prevalence of plaque and oral disease in the elderly irrespective of extent of needs of home nursing. However, the elderly with moderate needs more often performed good self‐care, indicating that the possibilities of strengthening self‐care and learning new routines are better when functions are less affected.
A COMPARISON OF THE HEALTH PROTECTION BRANCH AND THE ENZYME LINKED FLUORESCENT ASSAY METHODS FOR THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LISTERIA SPP. AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES FROM FOODS
Authors: DALEY E.F. , BOOTSVELD D. , WARBURTON D.W. , FARBER J.M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract  The conventional Health Protection Branch method (MFHPB‐30) for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes is labor intensive and may require seven days to complete, depending on the initial levels of the organism in the food sample. Thus, there is a definite need for a rapid isolation and detection method. There are two commercially available versions of the enzyme linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) method for identifying Listeria from foods. One identifies Listeria to the genus level and the other to the species (L. monocytogenes) level, with both giving results within 50 h. In the present study, the two ELFA methods were compared to the HPB method to determine their efficiency.For the genus‐specific test, 326 uninoculated foods were compared by both the HPB and ELFA methods. When comparing the HPB method to the genus‐specific ELFA method, the latter had a false‐negative rate of 4.6%. There were no false positives. For the species‐specific ELFA assay, of the 186 foods compared by the two methods, a false‐negative rate of 8.1% and a false‐positive rate of 3.8% was observed in the ELFA method as compared to the HPB method.
USING NATURALLY BREWED SOY SAUCE TO REDUCE SALT IN SELECTED FOODS
Authors: GOH FIONA XIN WEI , ITOHIYA YOICHI , SHIMOJO RYO , SATO TSUNEO , HASEGAWA KOJI , LEONG LAI PENG 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore the use of soy sauce to reduce salt intake in daily food preparation by replacing all or some added salt with naturally brewed soy sauce without change in consumer acceptance. Three types of foods were investigated: salad dressing, tomato soup and stir‐fried pork. A two‐alternative forced choice test between a salt standard and a variety of soy sauce samples was used to establish the exchange rate, giving the amount of soy sauce needed to replace added salt with the same taste intensity. In a separate session, consumers were asked to evaluate the pleasantness and several sensory attributes of another five varieties of the food samples based on the proportion of salt and soy sauce added. The results showed that it is possible to reduce added salt by 33–50% in the foods studied when soy sauce is used to replace added salt during food preparation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe relationship between the high salt consumption and hypertension has led to dietary recommendations to reduce salt in foods. However salt reduction is often difficult to achieve due to the reduction in acceptability of the reduced‐salt foods. This article shows that it is possible to reduce salt in foods without compromising the taste intensity and pleasantness of the food by replacing salt with naturally‐brewed soy sauce. Percentage of salt reduction achievable may be higher in a population with prior exposure to soy sauce in their diet. The method can be used by food industries to produce reduced salt products or by consumers at home.
Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke after Recent Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: de Leciñana María Alonso , Fuentes Blanca , Masjuan Jaime , Simal Patricia , Díaz-Otero Fernando , Reig Gemma , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , Gil-Nuñez Antonio , Vivancos Jose , Egido Jose-Antonio 
Published: November 2011

Background and aim Safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients with recent transient ischemic attack are hotly debated. Patients suffering transient ischemic attack may present with diffusion-weighted imaging lesions, and although normal computed tomography would not preclude thrombolysis, the concern is that they may be at higher risk for hemorrhage ***post-thrombolysis treatment. Prior ipsilateral transient ischemic attack might provide protection due to ischemic preconditioning. We assessed post-thrombolysis outcomes in stroke patients who had prior transient ischemic attack. Methods Multicentered prospective study of consecutive acute stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Ipsilateral transient ischemic attack, baseline characteristics, risk factors, etiology, and time-lapse to treatment were recorded. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at seven-days and modified Rankin Scale at three-months, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality were compared in patients with and without transient ischemic attack. Results There were 877 patients included, 60 (6.84%) had previous ipsilateral transient ischemic attack within ***one-month prior to the current stroke (65% in the previous 24 h). Transient ischemic attack patients were more frequently men (70% vs. 53%; P = 0.011), younger (63 vs. 71 years of age; P = 0.011), smokers (37% vs. 25%; P = 0.043), and with large vessel disease (40% vs. 25%; P = 0.011). Severity of stroke at onset was similar to those with and without prior transient ischemic attack (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 12 vs. 14 P = 0.134). Those with previous transient ischemic attack were treated earlier (117 $pL 52 vs. 144 $pL 38 mins; P #< 0.005). After adjustment for confounding variables, regression analysis showed that previous transient ischemic attack was not associated with differences in stroke outcome such as independence (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) (odds ratios: 1.035 (0.57–1.93) P = 0.91), mortality (odds ratios: 0.99 (0.37–2.67) P = 0.99), or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratios: 2.04 (0.45–9.32) P = 0.36). Conclusions Transient ischemic attack preceding ischemic stroke does not appear to have a major influence on outcomes following thrombolysis. Patients with prior ipsilateral transient ischemic attack appear not to be at higher risk of bleeding complications.
Isolation of 3 Flavonoids from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. longifolia and Determination of Their Genotoxic Potentials by Using the E. coli WP2 Test System
Authors: Baris Ozlem , Karadayi Mehmet , Yanmis Derya , Guvenalp Zuhal , Bal Tugba , Gulluce Medine 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Flavonoids, abundant in most of plant species, are widely used in medicine and development studies on phytotherapeutic drugs due to their various biological activities. In the present study, 3 flavonoids, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐rutinoside, and apigenin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, were isolated from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. longifolia by using E. coli WP2 genotoxicity assay guided fractionation procedures. Later, the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of each flavonoid were evaluated by using the same genotoxicity assay. The results showed that all the test compounds have significant antimutagenic activity at tested concentrations with or without S9 activation. The inhibition rates were between 25.3% (apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside with S9—2.0 μM/plate) and 59.0% (apigenin‐7‐O‐rutinoside without S9—2.0 μM/plate). In conclusion, the results revealed that the 3 flavonoids from Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson subsp. longifolia have significant antimutagenic activity, and the findings of the present study are valuable for further investigations, focus on the phytotherapeutic drug discovery.Practical Application:  Apigenin derivatives can be thought as genetically safe at tested concentrations because they did not show mutagenic activity. Furthermore, they have also significant antimutagenic activity. These are valuable for further research focus on phytotherapeutic drug discovery and development.
Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud
Authors: Spink John , Moyer Douglas C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Food fraud, including the more defined subcategory of economically motivated adulteration, is a food risk that is gaining recognition and concern. Regardless of the cause of the food risk, adulteration of food is both an industry and a government responsibility. Food safety, food fraud, and food defense incidents can create adulteration of food with public health threats. Food fraud is an intentional act for economic gain, whereas a food safety incident is an unintentional act with unintentional harm, and a food defense incident is an intentional act with intentional harm. Economically motivated adulteration may be just that—economically motivated—but the food‐related public health risks are often more risky than traditional food safety threats because the contaminants are unconventional. Current intervention systems are not designed to look for a near infinite number of potential contaminants. The authors developed the core concepts reported here following comprehensive research of articles and reports, expert elicitation, and an extensive peer review. The intent of this research paper is to provide a base reference document for defining food fraud—it focuses specifically on the public health threat—and to facilitate a shift in focus from intervention to prevention. This will subsequently provide a framework for future quantitative or innovative research. The fraud opportunity is deconstructed using the criminology and behavioral science applications of the crime triangle and the chemistry of the crime. The research provides a food risk matrix and identifies food fraud incident types. This project provides a starting point for future food science, food safety, and food defense research.Practical Application:  Food fraud, including the more defined subcategory of economically motivated adulteration, is a food protection threat that has not been defined or holistically addressed. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led to the development of food defense as an autonomous area of study and a new food protection discipline. As economically motivated adulteration grows in scope, scale, and awareness, it is conceivable that food fraud will achieve the same status as an autonomous concept, between food safety and food defense. This research establishes a starting point for defining food fraud and identifying the public health risks.
Arithmetic 𝒟-modules on the unit disk. With an appendix by Shigeki Matsuda
Authors: Crew Richard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLet 𝒱 be a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic. We classify arithmetic 𝒟-modules on Spf(𝒱[[t]]) up to certain kind of ‘analytic isomorphism’. This result is used to construct canonical extensions (in the sense of Katz and Gabber) for objects of this category.
A twisted topological trace formula for Hecke operators and liftings from symplectic to general linear groups
Authors: Weselmann Uwe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFor the locally symmetric space X attached to an arithmetic subgroup of an algebraic group G of ℚ-rank r, we construct a compact manifold $\tilde X$ by gluing together 2r copies of the Borel–Serre compactification of X. We apply the classical Lefschetz fixed point formula to $\tilde X$ and get formulas for the traces of Hecke operators ℋ acting on the cohomology of X. We allow twistings of ℋ by outer automorphisms η of G. We stabilize this topological trace formula and compare it with the corresponding formula for an endoscopic group of the pair (G,η) . As an application, we deduce a weak lifting theorem for the lifting of automorphic representations from Siegel modular groups to general linear groups.
Do older patients' perceptions of safety highlight barriers that could make their care safer during organisational care transfers?
Authors: Scott Jason , Dawson Pamela , Jones Diana 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundHealthcare is a series of complex, interwoven systems in which any discontinuities of care may affect the safety of patients, who have been reported to perceive safety differently to clinicians. This study aimed to explore patient perceptions of safety and identify how they can be used to construct additional barriers to reduce safety incidents within organisational care transfers, which are known to be high in risk.DesignAppreciative Inquiry (AI) methodology was used to develop semi-structured interviews, using the Discover and Dream processes of AI. Fourteen patients (four men, 10 women; average age 76.2 years) were purposively recruited from NHS community care teams, social care homes and private nursing homes based on their experience of going through organisational care transfers. Thematic analysis was used to highlight key themes, which participants verified.FindingsCommunication, responsiveness and avoidance of traditional safety risks were identified as being important for patients to feel safe. Communication and responsiveness were mapped onto the Swiss-Cheese model of safety, presenting two new barriers to safety incidents. Traditional risks and the role of trust are discussed in relation to patients feeling safe.ConclusionPerceptions of safety such as communication and responsiveness were similar to those found in previous studies. Mapping these perceptions onto the Swiss-Cheese model of safety identifies how further defences, barriers and safeguards can be constructed to make people feel safer by reinforcing communication and responsiveness. Traditional risks are widely published, but the identification by patients reinforces the role they can play in identifying and reporting these risks.
HER2 status in unusual histological variants of gastric adenocarcinomas
Authors: Giuffrè Giuseppe , Ieni Antonio , Barresi Valeria , Caruso Rosario Alberto , Tuccari Giovanni 
Published: November 2011

AimTo investigate HER2 status in a cohort of 109 gastric adenocarcinomas also including unusual variants, such as 14 hepatoid (HAS) and 9 mitochondrion-rich (MRC), characterised by an opposing clinical behaviour.Methods and ResultsUsing HercepTest (DAKO) and FISH test (pharmDx DAKO), HER2 overexpression/amplification was encountered in 23 of 109 (21.10%) of all gastric adenocarcinomas. A progressive increase in HER2 overexpression was observed moving from the poorly cohesive histotype to MRC, tubular adenocarcinomas and HAS. A statistically significant difference was found between poorly cohesive carcinomas and the others; a similar significant difference was encountered between HAS and all other variants of adenocarcinoma. HER2 overexpression was significantly associated with high grade, advanced stage, high Ki-67 labelling index value and death from gastric cancer. Multivariate analysis identified HER2 overexpression as an independent unfavourable prognostic variable for adenocarcinomas as a whole and also for the HAS variant.ConclusionsTrastuzumab has been confirmed as an additional useful therapeutic standard option for patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancers, and also in aggressive variants of adenocarcinomas such as HAS.
Can community health workers increase coverage of reproductive health services?
Authors: Viswanathan Kavitha , Hansen Peter M , Rahman M Hafizur , Steinhardt Laura , Edward Anbrasi , Arwal Said Habib , Peters David H , Burnham Gilbert 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundHealth services were severely affected during the many years of instability and conflict in Afghanistan. In recent years, substantial increases in the coverage of reproductive health services have been achieved, yet absolute levels of coverage remain very low, especially in rural areas. One strategy for increasing use of reproductive health services is deploying community health workers (CHWs) to promote the use of services within the community and at health facilities.MethodsUsing a multilevel model employing data from a cross-sectional survey of 8320 households in 29 provinces of Afghanistan conducted in 2006, this study determines whether presence of a CHW in the community leads to an increase in use of modern contraceptives, skilled antenatal care and skilled birth attendance. This study further examines whether the effect varies by the sex of the CHW.ResultsResults show that presence of a female CHW in the community is associated with higher use of modern contraception, antenatal care services and skilled birth attendants but presence of a male CHW is not. Community-level random effects were also significant.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that indicates that CHWs can contribute to increased use of reproductive health services and that context and CHW sex are important factors that need to be addressed in programme design.
Educational differences in disability pension among Swedish middle-aged men: role of factors in late adolescence and work characteristics in adulthood
Authors: Johansson Elin , Leijon Ola , Falkstedt Daniel , Farah Ahmed , Hemmingsson Tomas 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe association between level of education and disability pension (DP) is well known. Earlier studies have investigated the importance of early life factors and work characteristics but not in combination. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between level of education and DP among Swedish middle-aged working men and to what extent such an association can be explained by factors measured in late adolescence and work characteristics in adulthood.MethodsInformation about IQ, health-related lifestyle factors, psychiatric and musculoskeletal diagnoses was obtained from the 1969 conscription cohort, consisting of 49 321 Swedish men. Data collected when subjects were 18–20 years of age were combined with national register-based information about level of education, job control and physical strain at work in adulthood, and information about DP between 1991 and 2002.ResultsThere was a strong graded association between level of education and DP. Those with the lowest level of education had a four times greater probability of having DP as compared with those with the highest level. In multivariable analyses, factors measured in late adolescence, IQ in particular, attenuated the association more than work-related characteristics in adulthood.ConclusionsThe authors found an association between level of education and DP among Swedish middle-aged working men. A large part of the association was explained by factors measured in late adolescence, IQ in particular, and somewhat less by work characteristics measured in adulthood. Level of education remained as a significant predictor of DP in middle age after full adjustment.
Targeting Regulatory T Cells in Cancer
Authors: Byrne William L. , Mills Kingston H.G. , Lederer James A. , O'Sullivan Gerald C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Infiltration of tumors by regulatory T cells confers growth and metastatic advantages by inhibiting antitumor immunity and by production of receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand, which may directly stimulate metastatic propagation of RANK-expressing cancer cells. Modulation of regulatory T cells can enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Strategies include depletion, interference with function, inhibition of tumoral migration, and exploitation of T-cell plasticity. Problems with these strategies include a lack of specificity, resulting in depletion of antitumor effector T cells or global interruption of regulatory T cells, which may predispose to autoimmune diseases. Emerging technologies, such as RNA interference and tetramer-based targeting, may have the potential to improve selectivity and efficacy. Cancer Res; 71(22); 6915–20. ©2011 AACR.