bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine Transplantation, Abdominal Trachelectomy, and Other Reproductive Options for Cancer Patients
Authors: Del PRIORE GIUSEPPE , SMITH J. RICHARD , BOYLE DEBORAH C.M. , CORLESS DAVID J. , ZACHARIA FARIS B.P. , NOAKES DAVID A. , DIFLO THOMAS , GRIFO JAMES A. , ZHANG JOHN J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMore and more women with cancer issues are now raising fertility concerns as survival improves and childbearing is delayed. Pregnancy is no longer contraindicated in cancer patients including breast and endometrial cancer survivors. In fact, survival in patients treated for breast cancer who subsequently become pregnant is actually higher than that in patients who do not become pregnant. “Therapeutic” abortions are no longer recommended. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been associated with ovarian neoplasms, but the association is probably not causal. Neither ART nor hormone replacement is contraindicated in cancer patients. Our institution is very supportive of patients and the difficult decisions cancer survivors face. Using a program of counseling and close collaboration between oncologists, perinatologists, and reproductive endocrinologists, informed patients are offered every possible option, including ART and uterine transplantation, to achieve their family planning objectives.
Role of the Proteasome in the Regulation of Fetal Fibronectin Secretion in Human Placenta
Authors: MA YUEHONG , D'ANTONA DONATO , LaCHAPELLE LINDA , RYU JAE SHIN , GULLER SETH 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to examine the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS), a pathway of intracellular degradation, in the regulation of fetal fibronectin (FFN) expression in human placenta. Primary cultures of cytotrophoblasts (CTs) and placental mesenchymal cells (PMCs) were isolated from human term placentas and were maintained in serum‐free medium (SFM) in the presence of inhibitors of proteasome‐mediated degradation (e.g., MG132) as well as inhibitors of other proteases. Levels of secreted FFN and interleukin (IL)‐8 in culture media were quantitated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Intracellular levels of FFN and ubiquinated proteins were measured by Western blotting, and levels of fibronectin mRNA were determined following Northern blotting. We found that proteasome inhibitors (MG132, MG262, and PSI) potently suppressed levels of secreted FFN in cultures of CTs, but they not did affect levels of IL‐8. Lysosomal, calpain, and serine protease inhibitors as well as the anti‐inflammatory compound sulfasalazine did not markedly affect levels of secreted FFN in CT cultures. Proteasome inhibitors did not compromise cell viability during the initial 16–18 hours of treatment and did not affect intracellular levels of FFN protein or fibronectin mRNA. The efficacy of suppression of FFN in CT culture media by proteasome inhibitors reflected their effects on intracellular accumulation of ubiquinated proteins. By contrast, the presence of proteasome inhibitors did not alter levels of secreted FFN in cultures of PMCs. We conclude that inhibitors of proteasome‐mediated degradation potently and specifically suppressed extracellular expression of FFN in CTs through a cell type‐specific pathway that did not involve alterations in FFN synthesis. This suggests that accumulation of ubiquinated proteins in the presence of proteasome inhibitors blocks FFN secretion or promotes the extracellular degradation of FFN. This experimental paradigm will be useful for dissecting the role of the UPS in regulating CT function.
A Novel Digital Image Processing System for the Transient Liquid Crystal Technique applied for Heat Transfer and Film Cooling Measurements
Authors: VOGEL GREGORY , BOELCS ALBIN 
Published: July 2010

Abstract: This paper is dedicated to the transient liquid crystal technique measurements for multiple view access by using a novel digital recording and image processing system.The transient liquid crystal technique is widely used for heat transfer investigations in turbomachinery. It has been applied in our laboratory in several test facilities such as a linear cascade for external film cooling measurements or on a ribbed squared duct for internal cooling measurements.The data analysis as well as the measurement equipment is described, with a special focus on the newly developed computerized image processing system suitable to capture the liquid crystal signal.
Cell Senescence in Human Aging and Disease
Authors: FOSSEL MICHAEL 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe most common causes of death and suffering, even in most underdeveloped nations, are age‐related diseases. These diseases share fundamental and often unappreciated pathology at the cellular and genetic levels, through cell senescence. In cancer, enforcing cell senescence permits us to kill cancer cells without significantly harming normal cells. In other age‐related diseases, cell senescence plays a direct role, and we may be able to prevent and reverse much of the pathology. While aging is attributed to “wear and tear,” genetic studies show that these effects are avoidable (as is the case in germ cell lines) and occur only when cells down‐regulate active (and sufficient) repair mechanisms, permitting degradation to occur. Aging occurs when cells permit accumulative damage by wear and tear, by altering their gene expression rather than vice versa. Using telomerase in laboratory settings, we can currently reset this pattern and its consequences both within cells and between cells. Doing so resets not only cell behavior but the pathological consequences within tissues comprising such cells. We can currently grow histologically young, reconstituted human skin using old human skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts). Technically we could now test this approach in joints, vessels, the immune system, and other tissues. This model is consistent with all available laboratory data and known aging pathology. Within the next decade, we will be able to treat age‐related diseases more effectively than ever before.
Can Exercise Training Improve Immune Function in the Aged?
Authors: WOODS JEFFREY A. , LOWDER THOMAS W. , KEYLOCK K. TODD 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany strategies have been used to improve immune function in the aged. Unfortunately, many of these interventions have been disappointing, impractical, costly to develop and administer, or accompanied by adverse side effects. Aside from dietary manipulation (caloric restriction without malnutrition or antioxidant supplementation), research involving behavioral preventative or restorative therapies has been lacking. Moderate exercise training has been shown to elicit beneficial outcomes in both the prevention and rehabilitation of many diseases of the elderly. It has been hypothesized that moderate levels of exercise improves, whereas strenuous exercise or overtraining suppresses, various immune function measures. Three general approaches have been implemented to study the impact of exercise on immune functioning in the elderly: (1) cross‐sectional studies, (2) longitudinal studies, and (3) animal studies. In general, cross‐sectional studies examining highly active elderly have demonstrated improved in vitro T cell responses to polyclonal stimulation when compared to sedentary elderly. This is corroborated by several animal studies that have shown improved splenic T cell responses in vitro. Unfortunately, human prospective studies have failed to demonstrate consistent improvements in various measures of immune function in older adults. However, it should be cautioned that these studies have included small samples followed over a short duration, measuring a limited number of in vitro immune parameters, with some failing to account for potential confounding influences. Although such findings have the potential to be of substantial public health importance, very few systematic studies have been conducted.
Human Aging and Global Function of Coenzyme Q10
Authors: LINNANE ANTHONY W. , ZHANG CHUNFANG , YAROVAYA NATALIA , KOPSIDAS GEORGE , KOVALENKO SERGEY , PAPAKOSTOPOULOS PENNY , EASTWOOD HAYDEN , GRAVES STEPHEN , RICHARDSON MARTIN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we review two parts of our recent work on human skeletal muscle. The first part mainly describes changes occurring during aging, whereas the second part discusses the functions of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), particularly in relation to the aging process. During the lifetime of an individual, mtDNA undergoes a variety of mutation events and rearrangements. These mutations and their consequent bioenergenic decline, together with nuclear DNA damage, contribute to the reduced function of cells and organs, especially in postmitotic tissues. In skeletal muscle, this functional decline can be observed by means of changes with age in fiber type profile and the reduction in the number and size of the muscle fibers. In addition to the functions of coenzyme Q10 as an electron carrier in the respiratory chain and as an antioxidant, CoQ10 has been shown to regulate global gene expression in skeletal muscle. We hypothesize that this regulation is achieved via superoxide formation with H2O2 as a second messenger to the nucleus.
Dynamic host–bacteria interactions during an acidotic state induction
Authors: Rudi Knut 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMainly due to the lack of time‐series data, we know very little about the underlying interactions leading to adverse states in the gut. I therefore investigate the host–bacteria dynamic interactions in a recently published acidotic state induction time‐series experiment. Too high levels of fermentation in the hindgut may lead to elevated serum lactate levels, which is a characteristic of the acidotic state. The acidotic state was induced through injection of oligofructose directly into the caecum of five horses, with subsequent temporal measurements of host serum lactate, and a range of caecum bacteria and metabolites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that equine hindgut streptococcal species (EHSS) showed the main positive correlation to caecum lactate, and negative correlation to acetate. By dynamic modelling I found that serum lactate interacted with several caecum components, with the main interactions being with caecum lactate and Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacteriaceae showed a positive interaction with serum lactate, while the interaction between serum and caecum lactate was more complex. The main individual differences in horse serum lactate could be explained by the levels of Enterobacteriaceae and caecum lactate. In conclusion, the dynamic models revealed simple host–bacteria interactions that can explain changes and individual differences in serum lactate.
Flagella mediate attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to fresh salad leaves
Authors: Shaw Robert K. , Berger Cedric N. , Pallen Mark J. , Sjöling Åsa , Frankel Gad 
Published: July 2010

SummaryEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes child and travelers' diarrhea and is presumed to be water‐ and food‐borne. Sporadic outbreaks were traced to consumption of contaminated fresh produce, particularly salad leaves as lettuce and parsley. Importantly, the mechanism by which ETEC binds salad leaves is not known. In this study we investigated the ability of clinical ETEC isolates to adhere to Eruca vesicaria (commonly known as rocket). Towards this end we inoculated pieces of cut E. vesicaria leaves with clinical ETEC isolates grown in Luria broth at 20°C, conditions that are not permissive for expression of the plasmid‐encoded colonization factors and hence mimic the actual transmission pathways of ETEC through intake of contaminated food. We found that ETEC strains bind E. vesicaria at various efficiencies. Examination of representative strains by scanning electron microscopy revealed that they adhere to the E. vesicaria surface in a diffuse pattern by extended filaments resembling flagella. Using the prototype ETEC strain H10407 we found that it also binds to lettuce, basil and spinach leaves. Binding of H10407 was dependent on flagella as a fliC mutant attached to leaves at a much lower efficiency. Interestingly, under the employed environmental conditions EtpA, which forms a flagellar tip structure, and colonization factor I are dispensable for leaf attachment. The results show that ETEC can bind specifically to salad leaves, which might represent an important, yet less recognized, source of infection.
WaderMORPH – a user‐friendly individual‐based model to advise shorebird policy and management
Authors: West Andrew D. , Stillman Richard A. , Drewitt Allan , Frost Natalie J. , Mander Matt , Miles Chris , Langston Rowena , Sanderson William G. , Willis Jay 
Published: July 2010

Summary1. Conservation objectives for non‐breeding shorebirds (waders) are determined from their population size. Individual‐based models (IBMs) have accurately predicted mortality rate (a determinant of population size) of these species, and are a tool for advising coastal management and policy. However, due to their complexity, the use of these IBMs has been restricted to specialist modellers in the scientific community, whereas, ideally, they should be accessible to non‐specialists with a direct interest in coastal issues.2. We describe how this limitation has been addressed by the development of WaderMORPH, a user‐friendly interface to a shorebird IBM, MORPH, that runs within Microsoft Windows. WaderMORPH hides technical and mathematical details of parameterisation from the user and allows models to be parameterised in a series of simple steps. We provide an overview of WaderMORPH and its range of applications. WaderMORPH, its user guide and an example data set can be downloaded from http://individualecology.bournemouth.ac.uk.
Evaluation of a novel post operative treatment for sinonasal disease in the horse (1996–2007)
Authors: HART S. K. , SULLINS K. E. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Results of surgical treatment of sinonasal disease in horses have been reported previously; however, this paper describes the outcome of horses in which a specific post operative treatment protocol was used.Objectives:The objectives of the study were to determine: 1) short‐ and long‐term outcome; 2) complications; and 3) recurrence rates of different disease processes, when horses were treated with a specific treatment protocol.Methods:Medical records of horses presented for surgical treatment of sinonasal disease from 1996–2007 were reviewed. Results and duration of surgical exploration were recorded. Post operatively, the sinus flaps were re‐opened with the horses standing and sedated. Number of horses requiring further treatment (debridement and/or lavage), median number of post operative days when the flap was re‐opened, median number of times the flap was opened and median duration of hospitalisation were recorded. Short‐ and long‐term survival and complication rates were determined.Results:Ninety‐one horses were included in the study. The sinus flaps were re‐opened with the horses standing a median of 3 days post operatively. Thirty‐nine horses (43%) required further treatment at this time and 89 horses (97%) survived to discharge. Incision infection was the most common complication encountered (29%). No horse required a blood transfusion. Recurrence rates were 5% for paranasal sinus cysts, 12% for progressive ethmoid haematoma and 50% for neoplasia.Conclusions:Rapid removal of the primary lesion followed by packing the sinuses and re‐evaluating in the standing horse in a more controlled environment offers a safe and effective means to thoroughly assess and treat sinonasal disease.Potential relevance:Surgical time, intraoperative haemorrhage, long‐term complications and recurrence rates of paranasal sinus diseases treated via frontonasal or maxillary sinus flap may be reduced using this technique.
Mucosal Administration of Flagellin Protects Mice from
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Lung Infection
Authors: Muñoz Natalia , Van Maele Laurye , Marqués Juan M. , Rial Analía , Sirard Jean-Claude , Chabalgoity José A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a major cause of pneumonia in infants and the elderly. Innate defenses are essential to the control of pneumococcal infections, and deficient responses can trigger disease in susceptible individuals. Here we showed that flagellin can locally activate innate immunity and thereby increase the resistance to acute pneumonia. Flagellin mucosal treatment improved
S. pneumoniae
clearance in the lungs and promoted increased survival of infection. In addition, lung architecture was fully restored after the treatment of infected mice, indicating that flagellin allows the reestablishment of steady-state conditions. Using a flagellin mutant that is unable to signal through Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), we established that TLR5 signaling is essential for protection. In the respiratory tract, flagellin induced neutrophil infiltration into airways and upregulated the expression of genes coding for interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), CXCL1, CXCL2, and CCL20. Using depleting antibodies, we demonstrated that neutrophils are major effectors of protection. Further, we found that B- and T-cell-deficient SCID mice clear
S. pneumoniae
challenge to the same extent as immunocompetent animals, suggesting that these cell populations are not required for flagellin-induced protection. In conclusion, this study emphasizes that mucosal stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR not naturally engaged by
S. pneumoniae
can increase the potential to cure pneumococcal pneumonia.
An ABC Transporter and a TonB Ortholog Contribute to
Helicobacter mustelae
Nickel and Cobalt Acquisition
Authors: Stoof Jeroen , Kuipers Ernst J. , Klaver Gerard , van Vliet Arnoud H. M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

The genomes of
Helicobacter
species colonizing the mammalian gastric mucosa (like
Helicobacter pylori
) contain a large number of genes annotated as iron acquisition genes but only few nickel acquisition genes, which contrasts with the central position of nickel in the urease-mediated acid resistance of these gastric pathogens. In this study we have investigated the predicted iron and nickel acquisition systems of the ferret pathogen
Helicobacter mustelae
. The expression of the outer membrane protein-encoding
frpB2
gene was iron and Fur repressed, whereas the expression of the ABC transporter genes
fecD
and
ceuE
was iron and Fur independent. The inactivation of the two
tonB
genes showed that TonB1 is required for heme utilization, whereas the absence of TonB2 only marginally affected iron-dependent growth but led to reduced cellular nickel content and urease activity. The inactivation of the
fecD
and
ceuE
ABC transporter genes did not affect iron levels but resulted in significantly reduced urease activity and cellular nickel content. Surprisingly, the inactivation of the
nixA
nickel transporter gene affected cellular nickel content and urease activity only when combined with the inactivation of other nickel acquisition genes, like
fecD
or
ceuE
. The FecDE ABC transporter is not specific for nickel, since an
fecD
mutant also showed reduced cellular cobalt levels and increased cobalt resistance. We conclude that the
H. mustelae fecDE
and
ceuE
genes encode an ABC transporter involved in nickel and cobalt acquisition, which works independently of the nickel transporter NixA, while TonB2 is required primarily for nickel acquisition, with TonB1 being required for heme utilization.
Oncospheral Penetration Glands and Secretory Blebs Are the Sources ofTaenia ovisVaccine Antigens
Authors: Jabbar Abdul , Crawford Simon , Gauci Charles G. , Walduck Anna K. , Anderson Garry A. , Lightowlers Marshall W. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTTaenia ovisis a cestode parasite infecting primarily sheep as intermediate hosts and dogs as definitive hosts. The first highly effective, recombinant vaccine against a parasitic organism was developed againstT. ovisinfection in sheep. Three separate host-protective antigens (To16, To18, and To45W) have been cloned from the oncosphere of the parasite. We localize these antigens in the oncosphere by using quantitative immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. The three antigens were uniquely associated with penetration gland cells. The cytoplasm and secretory granules of both penetration gland type 1 and type 2 cells exhibited statistically significant levels of staining for each of the three antigens. The intensity of labeling of the penetration gland type 1 cell was approximately three to five times greater (P< 0.01) compared to the level of staining intensity seen in the penetration gland type 2 cell. In activated oncospheres, secretory blebs were found to contain granules with a structure similar to those observed in the penetration gland cells. The granules within the secretory blebs were shown to stain specifically for the presence of each of the three host-protective antigens. The absence of surface location of theT. ovisantigens suggests that the parasite may not be susceptible to vaccine-induced antibody- and complement-mediated attack until some postoncospheral development has occurred after infection of the intermediate host.
Dynamic Polar Sequestration of Excess MurG May Regulate Enzymatic Function
Authors: Michaelis Allison M. , Gitai Zemer 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Advances in bacterial cell biology have demonstrated the importance of protein localization for protein function. In general, proteins are thought to localize to the sites where they are active. Here we demonstrate that in
Escherichia coli
, MurG, the enzyme that mediates the last step in peptidoglycan subunit biosynthesis, becomes polarly localized when expressed at high cellular concentrations. MurG only becomes polarly localized at levels that saturate MurG's cellular requirement for growth, and
E. coli
cells do not insert peptidoglycan at the cell poles, indicating that the polar MurG is not active. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and single-cell biochemistry experiments demonstrate that polar MurG is dynamic. Polar MurG foci are distinct from inclusion body aggregates, and polar MurG can be remobilized when MurG levels drop. These results suggest that polar MurG represents a temporary storage mechanism for excess protein that can later be remobilized into the active pool. We investigated and ruled out several candidate pathways for polar MurG localization, including peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the MreB cytoskeleton, and polar cardiolipin, as well as MurG enzymatic activity and lipid binding, suggesting that polar MurG is localized by a novel mechanism. Together, our results imply that inactive MurG is dynamically sequestered at the cell poles and that prokaryotes can thus utilize subcellular localization as a mechanism for negatively regulating enzymatic activity.