bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ablation of Leptin Receptor-Mediated ERK Activation Impairs Host Defense against Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Authors: Mancuso Peter , Myers Martin G. , Goel Deepti , Serezani Carlos H. , O’Brien Edmund , Goldberg Jared , Aronoff David M. , Peters-Golden Marc 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin plays an important role in regulation of energy homeostasis and the innate immune response against bacterial infections. Leptin’s actions are mediated by signaling events initiated by phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the long form of the leptin receptor. We recently reported that disruption of leptin receptor-mediated STAT3 activation augmented host defense against pneumococcal pneumonia. In this report, we assessed leptin receptor-mediated ERK activation, a pathway that was ablated in the l/l mouse through a mutation of the tyrosine 985 residue in the leptin receptor, to determine its role in host defense against bacterial pneumonia in vivo and in alveolar macrophage (AM) antibacterial functions in vitro. l/l mice exhibited increased mortality and impaired pulmonary bacterial clearance after intratracheal challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The synthesis of cysteinyl-leukotrienes was reduced and that of PGE2 enhanced in AMs in vitro and the lungs of l/l mice after infection with K. pneumoniae in vivo. We also observed reduced phagocytosis and killing of K. pneumoniae in AMs from l/l mice that was associated with reduced reactive oxygen intermediate production in vitro. cAMP, known to suppress phagocytosis, bactericidal capacity, and reactive oxygen intermediate production, was also increased 2-fold in AMs from l/l mice. Pharmacologic blockade of PGE2 synthesis reduced cAMP levels and overcame the defective phagocytosis and killing of bacteria in AMs from l/l mice in vitro. These results demonstrate that leptin receptor-mediated ERK activation plays an essential role in host defense against bacterial pneumonia and in leukocyte antibacterial effector functions.
Fetal-Specific CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Responses Develop during Normal Human Pregnancy and Exhibit Broad Functional Capacity
Authors: Lissauer David , Piper Karen , Goodyear Oliver , Kilby Mark D. , Moss Paul A. H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Tolerance of the semiallogeneic fetus presents a significant challenge to the maternal immune system during human pregnancy. T cells with specificity for fetal epitopes have been detected in women with a history of previous pregnancy, but it has been thought that such fetal-specific cells were generally deleted during pregnancy as a mechanism to maintain maternal tolerance of the fetus. We used MHC-peptide dextramer multimers containing an immunodominant peptide derived from HY to identify fetal-specific T cells in women who were pregnant with a male fetus. Fetal-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes were observed in half of all pregnancies and often became detectable from the first trimester. The fetal-specific immune response increased during pregnancy and persisted in the postnatal period. Fetal-specific cells demonstrated an effector memory phenotype and were broadly functional. They retained their ability to proliferate, secrete IFN-γ, and lyse target cells following recognition of naturally processed peptide on male cells. These data show that the development of a fetal-specific adaptive cellular immune response is a normal consequence of human pregnancy and that unlike reports from some murine models, fetal-specific T cells are not deleted during human pregnancy. This has broad implications for study of the natural physiology of pregnancy and for the understanding of pregnancy-related complications.
Radiotherapy Promotes Tumor-Specific Effector CD8+ T Cells via Dendritic Cell Activation
Authors: Gupta Anurag , Probst Hans Christian , Vuong Van , Landshammer Alexandro , Muth Sabine , Yagita Hideo , Schwendener Reto , Pruschy Martin , Knuth Alexander , van den Broek Maries 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cancer. The main mode of action is thought to be the irreversible damage to tumor cell DNA, but there is evidence that irradiation mobilizes tumor-specific immunity, and recent studies showed that the efficacy of high-dose radiotherapy depends on the presence of CD8+ T cells. We show in this study that the efficacy of radiotherapy given as a single, high dose (10 Gy) crucially depends on dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells, whereas CD4+ T cells or macrophages are dispensable. We show that local high-dose irradiation results in activation of tumor-associated dendritic cells that in turn support tumor-specific effector CD8+ T cells, thus identifying the mechanism that underlies radiotherapy-induced mobilization of tumor-specific immunity. We propose that in the absence of irradiation, the activation status of dendritic cells rather than the amount of tumor-derived Ag is the bottleneck, which precludes efficient anti-tumor immunity.
Twist1 Regulates Ifng Expression in Th1 Cells by Interfering with Runx3 Function
Authors: Pham Duy , Vincentz Joshua W. , Firulli Anthony B. , Kaplan Mark H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A transcription factor network that includes STAT4, T-bet, and Runx3 promotes the differentiation of Th1 cells and inflammatory immune responses. How additional transcription factors regulate the function of Th1 cells has not been defined. In this study we show that the negative regulatory factor Twist1 decreases expression of T-bet, Runx3, and IL-12Rβ2 as it inhibits IFN-γ production. Ectopic expression of Runx3, but not T-bet or IL-12Rβ2, compensates for the effects of Twist1 on IFN-γ production, and Twist1 regulation of Ifng depends on complex formation with Runx3. Twist1 decreases Runx3 and T-bet binding at the Ifng locus, and it decreases chromatin looping within the Ifng locus. These data define an IL-12/STAT4–induced negative regulatory loop that impacts multiple components of the Th1 transcriptional network and provide further insight into regulation of Th1 differentiation.
Depression‐Related Behavioral Tests
Authors: Powell Timothy R. , Fernandes Cathy , Schalkwyk Leonard C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOverlapping characteristics between human depressive phenotypes and mouse behaviors has led to the creation of mouse models that aim to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of unipolar depression. Behavioral tests in mice are used to assess and quantify the extent to which a mouse model displays a depression‐like phenotype. The forced swim test and tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and novelty suppressed feeding tests all aim to measure different components of depression. However, each one of these tests has different strengths and weaknesses in terms of predictive, face and construct validities. Furthermore, the responses to these tests vary greatly depending on strain of mouse. Depression‐related behavioral tests are an extremely useful investigative tool in unearthing causes and predicting treatment outcomes in human depression, but as this review demonstrates, the comprehension of the finer details are extremely important in the design, analysis, and evaluation of such mouse studies.Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:119‐127 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Imidazo/Benzimidazoquinazolinones through Intramolecular CH Amination
Authors: Chen Lujun , Li Chao , Bi Xin , Liu Hongxia , Qiao Renzhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative method for the synthesis of imidazo/benzimidazoquinazolinones has been developed through direct intramolecular CH amination of (1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)[2‐(alkylamino)phenyl]methanones, and the corresponding target products were obtained in moderate to good yields.
Coordinated reset has sustained aftereffects in Parkinsonian monkeys
Authors: Tass Peter A. , Qin Li , Hauptmann Christian , Dovero Sandra , Bezard Erwan , Boraud Thomas , Meissner Wassilios G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCoordinated reset neuromodulation consists of the application of consecutive brief high‐frequency pulse trains through the different contacts of the stimulation electrode. In theoretical studies, by achieving unlearning of abnormal connectivity between neurons, coordinated reset neuromodulation reduces pathological synchronization, a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Here we show that coordinated reset neuromodulation of the subthalamic nucleus has both acute and sustained long‐lasting aftereffects on motor function in parkinsonian nonhuman primates. Long‐lasting aftereffects were not observed with classical deep brain stimulation. These observations encourage further development of coordinated reset neuromodulation for treating motor symptoms in Parkinson disease patients. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:816–820
A predictive clinical–genetic model of tissue plasminogen activator response in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: del Río‐Espínola Alberto , Fernández‐Cadenas Israel , Giralt Dolors , Quiroga Adoracion , Gutiérrez‐Agulló Maria , Quintana Manuel , Fernández‐Álvarez Patricia , Domingues‐Montanari Sophie , Mendióroz Maite , Delgado Pilar , Turck Natacha , Ruíz Agustin , Ribó Marc , Castellanos Mar , Obach Victor , Martínez Sergi , Freijo Mari Mar , Jiménez‐Conde Jordi , Cuadrado‐Godia Elisa , Roquer Jaume , Chacón Pilar , Martí‐Fábregas Joan , Sánchez Jean Charles ,   the GRECOS Investigators, Montaner Joan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:Wide interindividual variability exists in response to tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) treatment in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. We aimed to find genetic variations associated with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and mortality rates after t‐PA. We then generated a clinical–genetic model for predicting t‐PA response.Methods:Our prospective study used SNPlex to genotype 140 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 97 candidate genes in 3 patient cohorts. The cohorts included 1,172 patients who were treated with t‐PA; 20.9% of them developed HT as evaluated by systematic brain computed tomography scan, and 10.6% died. A predictive model was generated by logistic regression (LR). Functional studies included real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, nephelometry, and Western blot for alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2M) and activated partial thromboplastin time measurement for coagulation factor XII (FXII).Results:Replication analysis revealed that the SNP rs669 (Val1000Ile) in A2M was associated with HT, and rs1801020 (−4C>T) of F12 was associated with in‐hospital death. The rs669 SNP withstood Bonferroni correction for HT (p < 3.57E−4). LR‐based scores predicted HT occurrence (p = 9.13E−15) and in‐hospital mortality (p = 8.7E−9) and were validated in an independent cohort. Val1000Ile modified A2M serum levels at baseline and after t‐PA infusion, but not mRNA expression or protein structure; −4C>T affected FXII activity both prior to and after t‐PA treatment.Interpretation:Two functional polymorphisms were consistently associated with t‐PA safety. Our validated LR‐based score predicts t‐PA safety in the Spanish population. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:716–729
Preparation of microcellular thermoplastic elastomer foams from polystyrene‐b‐ethylene‐butylene‐b‐polystyrene (SEBS) and their blends with polystyrene
Authors: Sharudin Rahida Wati Binti , Ohshima Masahiro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA microcellular foam was prepared from a thermoplastic elastomer by a batch physical foaming with CO2. Two hydrogenated polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene (SEBS) copolymers with different styrene ratios were used as an elastomer basis and blended with polystyrene (PS) to control their rigidity and gas permeability. The end‐blocks of the SEBS form a physical cross‐link and provide a rubber‐like elasticity when cooled. SEBS alone, with its lower styrene content, cannot be physically foamed while retaining a stable‐shape dimension because of its higher gas permeability and lower rigidity. SEBS with higher styrene contents were used, or the PS blend ratio was increased to 80/20 or 50/50, and batch physical foaming experiments were conducted at three temperature levels (60, 100, and 120°C) while the sorption CO2pressure was maintained at 10 MPa. Increasing the styrene content or blending PS with SEBS increased the storage modulus and decreased the gas permeability. As a result, the shrinkage of the foam was controlled, and stable microcellular elastomer foams could be prepared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Nets of Corner‐Shared Bicapped Gold Squares in SrAu3Ge: How a BaAl4‐Type Derivative Reconciles Fewer Valence Electrons and the Origin of Its Uniaxial Negative Thermal Expansion.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Corbett John D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSrAu3Ge is prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Ta container, 700 °C for 6 h followed by annealing at 400 °C for 6 d, <85 vol% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: New Light on an Old Reaction: Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Propargyl Compounds for Synthesis of Indene Derivatives and Disubstituted Benzo[b]furans.
Authors: Sun Peng‐Shuai , Hu Jie , Wang Xiang‐Chuan , Liu Lei , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCompared with the expensive transitionmetal‐catalyzed reaction, the new method shows synthetic advantages in term of mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and low cost.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Access to Primary Amides from Aldehydes under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Ganguly Nemai C. , Roy Sushmita , Mondal Pallab 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe catalyst‐free method can be applied to a broad spectrum of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes for successful amide formation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Organocatalytic Tandem Aldol/Polycyclization Reactions Between 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and α,β,γ,δ‐Unsaturated Aldehydes for the Straightforward Assembly of Cyclopenta[b]furan‐Type Derivatives: New Insight into the Knoevenagel Reaction.
Authors: Riveira Martin J. , Mischne Mirta P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFor the reactions with the compounds (IIf), (XII), (XIV), and (XVII), 60% of the starting materials are recovered.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Potassium 2‐Pyridyl Trifluoroborate with Aryl (Heteroaryl) Halides.
Authors: Ren Wei , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe catalytic system efficiently promotes the process.
Health status of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Tai Eric , Buchanan Natasha , Townsend Julie , Fairley Temeika , Moore Angela , Richardson Lisa C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adolescents and young adults (AYA) ages 15 to 29 years who are diagnosed with cancer are at risk for long‐term morbidity and mortality associated with treatment of their cancer and the cancer itself. In this article, the authors describe the self‐reported health status of AYA cancer survivors.METHODS:The authors examined 2009 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, including demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, chronic conditions, health status, and health care access, among AYA cancer survivors compared with respondents who had no history of cancer.RESULTS:The authors identified 4054 AYA cancer survivors and 345,592 respondents who had no history of cancer. AYA cancer survivors, compared with respondents who had no history of cancer, reported a significantly higher prevalence of current smoking (26% vs 18%); obesity (31% vs 27%); chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease (14% vs 7%), hypertension (35% vs 29%), asthma (15% vs 8%), disability (36% vs 18%), and poor mental health (20% vs 10%) and physical health (24% vs 10%); and not receiving medical care because of cost (24% vs 15%).CONCLUSIONS:AYA cancer survivors commonly reported adverse behavioral, medical, and health care access characteristics that may lead to poor long‐term medical and psychosocial outcomes. Increased adherence to established follow‐up guidelines may lead to improved health among AYA cancer survivors. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Visual inputs to the mushroom body calyces of the whirligig beetle Dineutus sublineatus: Modality switching in an insect
Authors: Lin Chan , Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe mushroom bodies are prominent lobed centers in the forebrain, or protocerebrum, of most insects. Previous studies on mushroom bodies have focused on higher olfactory processing, including olfactory‐based learning and memory. Anatomical studies provide strong support that in terrestrial insects with mushroom bodies, the primary input region, or calyces, are predominantly supplied by olfactory projection neurons from the antennal lobe glomeruli. In aquatic species that generally lack antennal lobes, the calyces are vestigial or absent. Here we report an exception to this in the whirligig beetle Dineutus sublineatus (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). This aquatic species lives on water and is equipped with two separate pairs of compound eyes, one pair viewing above and one viewing below the water surface. As in other aquatic insects, the whirligig beetle lacks antennal lobes, but unlike other aquatic insects its mushroom bodies possess robust calyces. Golgi impregnations and fluorescent tracer injections revealed that the calyces are exclusively supplied by visual neurons from the medulla of the dorsal eye optic lobes. No other sensory inputs reach the calyces, thereby showing a complete switch of calyx modality from olfaction to vision. Potential functions of the mushroom bodies of D. sublineatus are discussed in the context of the behavioral ecology of whirligig beetles. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2562–2574, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Female teneral mating in a monandrous species
Authors: Monceau Karine , Baaren Joan van 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSchultesia nitor is a gregarious species living in Cacicus and Psarocolius ssp. pouch‐like nests. Due to gregariousness, opportunities for multiple copulations in both sexes are not supposed to be restricted. Females produce only one brood during their life and die within a few days following the birth of their nymphs, but this unique brood could be the result of either single or multiple mating events (i.e., monandry vs. polyandry). In this study, we first determined the age of sexual receptivity of both males and females. Larval development in this species is shorter in males than in females and thus, this species is protandric. Males were not able to copulate the day after emergence. Contrary to males, teneral females (i.e., females achieving their imaginal molt but not yet fully sclerotised and colored) were attractive and were able to mate with males. In the second experiment, we tested the existence of multiple matings in both sexes. Our results showed that females were monandrous whereas males were polygynous. Since we had observed that females were monoandrous, we expected them to be choosy and we determined their ability to discriminate between virgin and nonvirgin males. When given the choice, females preferred virgin males and overall, they were more successful at mating than experienced ones. Our results suggest that monandry may be primarily driven by the female’s short life‐span fecundity. The occurrence of teneral mating in this species calls into question the existence of a male strategy for monopolizing females, and as well as the implication of female choice. Although further work is required, this species provides an interesting model for understanding sexual conflicts.
C–C Coupling of Acyclic Nitronates with Silyl Ketene Acetals under Silyl Triflate Catalysis: Reactivity Umpolung of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2012)
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir O. , Khomutova Yulia A. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. , Ioffe Sema L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cover picture shows the jet engine of a Fokker 100 in its ordinary and reverse thrust modes. These thrust modes closely resemble the chemistry of nitroalkenes when a new approach for the umpolung of their conventional reactivity is taken into account. Just like the deployment of the two buckets from the jet engine nozzle induces a reverse thrust, quenching of the negative charges on the two oxygen atoms of the nitronate anion with alkyl or silyl groups generates an electrophilic center on the former nucleophilic α‐carbon atom of the nitroalkane, which induces reversed reactivity. Details of this new approach are described in the article by V. O. Smirnov, S. L. Ioffe et al. on p. 3377 ff. magnified image
Regulation of archicortical arealization by the transcription factor Zbtb20
Authors: Rosenthal Eva H. , Tonchev Anton B. , Stoykova Anastassia , Chowdhury Kamal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of regionalization of the medial pallium (MP), the anlage of the hippocampus, and transitional (cingulate and retrosplenial) cortices are largely unknown. Previous analyses have outlined an important role of the transcription factor (TF) Zbtb20 for hippocampal CA1 field specification (Nielsen et al. (2007) Development 134:1133‐1140; Nielsen et al. (2010) Cereb Cortex 20:1904‐1914; Xie et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:6510‐6515). Here, we present novel data showing that Zbtb20 exhibits a ventralhigh‐to‐dorsallow gradient of expression in MP progenitors as well as an expression in postmitotic cells at the transitional cortex/neocortex border. Our detailed pattern analysis revealed that in Zbtb20 loss‐of‐function the molecular borders between neocortical, transitional, and hippocampal fields are progressively shifted ventrally, leading to an ectopic positioning of all dorsal fields into the neighboring ventrally located areas. Thus, in addition to its known importance for the specification of the hippocampal CA1 sector, the graded expression of TF Zbtb20 in ventricular zone of MP appears to translate early positional information for establishment of all developing MP fields. Our data also suggest that the signaling factor Wnt3a is a putative molecular partner of TF Zbtb20 in this patterning process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.