bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Original Research—Anatomy/Physiology: Induction of Sexual Arousal in Women Under Conditions of Institutional and Ambulatory Laboratory Circumstances: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bloemers Jos , Gerritsen Jeroen , Bults Richard , Koppeschaar Hans , Everaerd Walter , Olivier Berend , Tuiten Adriaan 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Measuring under naturally occurring circumstances increases ecological validity. We developed an ambulatory psychophysiological laboratory that allows experiments to be performed at home.

Aims
To compare institutional laboratory task measures with ambulatory laboratory task measures.

Main Outcome Measures
Vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA), clitoral blood volume (CBV), subjective report of sexual arousal, preconscious attentional bias for erotic stimuli, subjective reports about feeling at ease, tense, anxious or inhibited.

Methods
VPA and CBV were measured in eight women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and eight healthy controls while exposed to neutral and erotic film clips both in the institute’s laboratory and at home. Before and after film clip presentations, subjects performed an emotional Stroop task and completed two questionnaires.

Results
In healthy controls, genital measures of sexual arousal were significantly increased at home compared with the institutional laboratory, whereas no differences were observed between the institutional laboratory and the at home measurements in women with HSDD. The responses at home were significantly higher in healthy controls compared with women with HSDD. Subjective experience of genital responding increased at home for both groups of women. Concordance between subjective experience and genital sexual arousal was more pronounced in the institutional laboratory setting. Preconscious attentional bias was stronger in the institutional laboratory for both groups of women. Healthy controls felt more at ease and less inhibited at home while subjects with HSDD did not.

Conclusions
The use of an ambulatory laboratory is a valuable tool allowing psychophysiological (sex) research under more natural circumstances (e.g., a participant’s home). In this study, the increase in ecological validity resulted in a qualitative differentiation between the healthy controls and the women with HSDD in the home setting, which is not apparent in the artificial setting of the institutional laboratory.
Original Research—ED Pharmacotherapy: Characteristics, Behaviors, and Attitudes of Men Bypassing the Healthcare System When Obtaining Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
Authors: Schnetzler Gabriel , Banks Ian , Kirby Mike , Zou Kelly H. , Symonds Tara 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Men may choose to bypass the healthcare system to obtain a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i).

Aim
Evaluate the characteristics and purchasing patterns of men obtaining a PDE5i without prior healthcare professional (HCP) interaction.

Main Outcome Measures
Prior HCP interaction, defined as having a prescription for any PDE5i, having a PDE5i sample from a physician, or buying the PDE5i in a retail pharmacy; and erectile dysfunction (ED, the Massachusetts Male Aging Study single-item question) were assessed. A multivariate regression analysis determined predictive factors for PDE5i purchase without prior HCP interaction.

Methods
A Web-based observational study was conducted in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy.

Results
Of the 11,899 participants, 1,252 (10.5% [95% CI, 10.0–11.1%]) reported PDE5i use in the last 6 months. PDE5is were obtained without prior HCP interaction by 403 users (32.3% [95% CI, 29.6–34.8%]); 65.5% of them had ED. Overall prevalence of men using PDE5is without HCP interaction was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.6–3.5%), 4.1% (95% CI, 3.5–4.6%), and 2.8% (95% CI, 2.1–3.5%) for men aged 18–34, 35–50, and &gt;50 years, respectively (P = 0.0045). Predictive factors for obtaining a PDE5i without prior HCP interaction were embarrassment to speak to a physician (P = 0.0009) and the perception that this would be the cheapest way to get the medicine (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Based on these findings, it can be estimated that approximately 6 million men in Europe might currently bypass the healthcare system to obtain a PDE5i. In addition to the risks associated with use of PDE5is from uncontrolled sources, because most of these men have ED, they also miss the opportunity for important health information or medical follow-up. HCPs should actively address ED and offer treatment to discourage men from seeking uncontrolled sources of ED medicines.
Neuronal Activity in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Varies Across the Estrous Cycle in Anesthetized Female Rats: Effects of Dopamine Receptor Agonism
Authors: Richards Natalie , Wayman Chris , Allers Kelly A. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The central nervous system plays a pivotal role in sexual behavior. The role of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in female sexual behavior is poorly characterized. In males, there is a correlation between PVN neuron activity and erectile activity, and in mediating dopamine receptor agonist-induced sexual arousal.

Material and Methods
To understand the role of the PVN in female sexual function, baseline PVN neuronal activity and responses to dopamine receptor agonism were assessed in anesthetized rats. Single unit recordings were used to assess the firing properties of individual PVN neurons; and local field potentials quantified PVN network activity (combined activity of large numbers of PVN neurons). Baseline and apomorphine-stimulated activity was measured across the estrous cycle.

Results
Baseline firing rates of single units were found to differ across the stages of the estrous cycle with metestrus showing the highest firing rate (3.7 vs. 0.9 Hz in diestrus). Apomorphine administration caused significant increases in firing rate in 29% of neurons, and significant decreases in 71%. Basal local field potentials also varied between estrous stages and in response to apomorphine; significant differences in the total power of alpha1 and beta1 bands were observed in both cases.

Conclusions
This study shows that PVN neuronal activity varies with hormonal state, and these neurons are differentially affected by apomorphine, suggesting two different populations. These data are indicative of a critical role for the PVN in female sexual function. It is important that the hormonal state should be considered when investigating sexual physiology and the effect of pharmacological agents.
SENSORY PROFILING OF CHANGES IN WHEAT AND WHOLE WHEAT BREAD DURING A PROLONGED PERIOD OF STORAGE
Authors: JENSEN SIDSEL , OESTDAL HENRIK , THYBO ANETTE K. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT A sensory profile of wheat and whole wheat pan bread with extented shelf life was conducted to characterize sensory changes during a 3‐week storage period. Variation between assessors was also assessed together with repeatability of the profile. The robustness in the sensory profile was determined by comparing two sensory trials 4 months apart (with six assessors participating in both trials). Initially, assessors agreed on a consensus list of 14 attributes (wheat) and 17 attributes (whole wheat). Multivariate data analysis was used to study the effect of storage time and assessors on the sensory profile. The impact of storage time was especially evident for whole wheat bread, but results showed that storage time had a significant effect on aroma and flavor of both bread types. An agreement in the sensory evaluations over time was found, which emphasize the robustness of the profile, the consistency of samples baked at different times and the reliability of the obtained results. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of enzymes in bread production has made it possible to extend the shelf life of bread considerably by decreasing the rate of starch retrogradation. Thus, other parameters are decisive for shelf life determination – off flavor is believed to be one parameter of high importance. Off flavor development in bread is however an overlooked area in food research. Sensory profiling focusing on changes in sensory perception related to storage time will reveal the most important sensory alterations. These sensory alterations are highly relevant for consumer preferences and can furthermore be used as a tool to elucidate chemical mechanisms responsible for off flavor formation. Consequently, the present sensory profiling is of significant value for industrial bread producers, enzyme manufactures and finally the consumers. The knowledge can be included in future examinations of sensory and chemical changes of bread with extended shelf life aiming at enhancing the quality of such products.
The Story of Good Citizenship: Framing Public Policy in the Context of Duty‐Based versus Engaged Citizenship
Authors: MCBETH MARK K. , LYBECKER DONNA L. , GARNER KACEE A. 
Published: February 2010

Recent studies have explored the dimensions of duty‐based versus engaged citizenship. These studies assert that individuals differ on the question of “what is a good citizen” and somehow suggest that “engaged citizens” are more participatory, global, and committed to social justice than their duty‐based counterparts. In this article, we examine, with an innovative survey methodology and merging of citizenship and framing literature, the potential effects of increased engaged citizenship on policy issues. Our questions explore the characteristics of citizenship and explore whether duty‐based and engaged citizens are more likely to support a policy, in this case recycling efforts, if the issue is framed in the context of their respective preferred citizenship norm. We find that the engaged recycling frame was strongly supported by individuals with a more engaged view of citizenship who also supported some duty‐based frames of recycling. Conversely, respondents with a more duty‐based view of citizenship did not support engaged recycling frames.Estudios recientes han explorado las dimensiones de la noción de “ciudadanía basada en deberes”vis‐à‐vis aquella de “ciudadanía involucrada.” Estos estudios afirman que los individuos difieren en sus respuestas a la pregunta de “¿qué es un buen ciudadano?” Así mismo, parecen sugerir que los “ciudadanos involucrados” son más participativos, globales, y entregados a la justicia social que sus homólogos basados en deberes. En este artículo examinamos los efectos potenciales del incremento de la ciudadanía involucrada en asuntos de política con una innovadora metodología de encuestas y combinando la literatura de ciudadanía y la teoría del enmarcamiento de asuntos. Nuestras preguntas exploran las características de la ciudadanía y si acaso los individuos cuyo comportamiento se aproxima al planteado en la noción de “ciudadanía basada en deberes” son más proclives a apoyar una política de reciclaje, que aquellos cuyo comportamiento se aproxima al planteado en la noción de “ciudadanía involucrada.” De manera específica exploramos si acaso los ciudadanos responden de manera más decidida a propuestas de reciclaje dependiendo de si están enmarcadas en una noción de “ciudadanía basada en deberes” o en una de “ciudadanía involucrada.” Encontramos que una política de reciclaje enmarcada en una de noción “ciudadanía involucrada” fue fuertemente apoyada por individuos cuyo comportamiento se aproxima al planteado en dicha noción pero que estos mismos individuos también apoyaron algunas propuestas de reciclaje enmarcadas en la noción de “ciudadanía basada en deberes.” En cambio, individuos cuyo comportamiento se aproxima al planteado en la noción de “ciudadanía basada en deberes” no apoyaron ninguna propuesta de reciclaje enmarcada en la noción de “ciudadanía involucrada.”
A Rational Choice Approach to Explaining Policy Preferences and Concern for Representing Women among State Legislators
Authors: WHISTLER DONALD E. , ELLICKSON MARK C. 
Published: February 2010

Rational choice theory predicts that women, when significantly involved in the production of private competitive goods and services, will adopt the same self‐interested political orientation as similarly economically situated men. Guided by this approach, this nationwide survey of state legislators finds that competitive occupational background significantly reduces support for representing distributive–redistributive policy among both women and men legislators. However, it also finds that women legislators in general, as well as women holding leadership positions, retain a significant concern for representing women. Democratic Party affiliation and noncompetitive occupational background predict support for distributive–redistributive policies among women and men legislators, while only Democratic Party affiliation predicts concern for representing women among women and men legislators. Other explanatory variables (i.e., lower education, liberal ideology, African‐Americans, lower‐socioeconomic status districts, and political ambition) are in the direction hypothesized to influence representing distributive–redistributive policies and women but are not all statistically significant.La teoría de la decisión racional predice que cuando las mujeres se involucran significativamente en la producción de bienes y servicios competitivos, adoptarán la misma orientación política de búsqueda de sus intereses personales que los hombres similarmente situados económicamente. Guiados por este enfoque, esta encuesta nacional de los legisladores estatales encuentra que los antecedentes profesionales competitivos reducen significativamente el apoyo entre mujeres así como hombres legisladores para representar políticas distributivas‐redistributivas. Sin embargo, encuentra que en general, las mujeres legisladoras, así como aquellas mujeres que desempeñan posiciones de autoridad, conservan una preocupación significativa por representar a las mujeres. Por su parte, tanto afiliación al Partido Demócrata como antecedentes ocupacionales no‐competitivos, predicen apoyo entre las mujeres y los hombres legisladores, a políticas distributivas‐redistributivas, mientras que sólo afiliación al Partido Demócrata predice preocupación entre las mujeres y los hombres legisladores por representar a las mujeres. Otras variables que pueden explicar esto (i.e., educación baja, ideología liberal, Afroamericanos, distritos con bajo nivel socioeconómico, y ambición política) están en la dirección hipotetizada para influir la representación de las políticas distributivas‐redistributivas y de mujeres, pero no todas son estadísticamente significativas.
Public Accounts Committees in the Pacific Region
Authors: PELIZZO RICCARDO 
Published: February 2010

Building on the work of Jacobs, Jones, Wehner, Pelizzo, and Stapenhurst, this article addresses an issue that had been left unaddressed by previous research: the relationship between the organization, the activity, and the performance of Public Accounts Committees (PACs). By analyzing an original data set, this article explores whether and how certain organizational features affect the amount of activities performed by PACs and how these, in their turn, affect PACs' ability to achieve policy‐relevant results.Construyendo por un lado sobre el trabajo de Jacobs, Jones, Wehner, y Pelizzo, y por otro, en el de Stapenhurst, este trabajo aborda un tema que ha sido dejado de lado por investigaciones previas: la relación entre la organización, la actividad, y el desempeño de los Comités de Cuentas Públicas (PACs, por sus siglas en inglés). Al analizar un nuevo conjunto de datos, este articulo explora si, características organizacionales y cómo afectan estas la cantidad de actividades realizadas por los Comités de Cuentas Públicas y cómo la cantidad de actividades de las PACs afecta la habilidad de dichos comités para lograr resultados políticos relevantes.
The common law and international law – a dynamic contemporary dialogue
Authors: Kirby Michael 
Published: February 2010

International law, as expressed in treaties and in customary law, is of growing importance in municipal jurisdictions throughout the world. Some barriers to the use of international law in national courts are identified. Occasionally, they include scepticism and even hostility about this body of law. However, the past 60 years have witnessed a remarkable change in judicial attitudes in final courts in most Commonwealth countries.In the UK, the impact of Europe has helped create an ‘incoming tide’. In South Africa, India and Canada, constitutional provisions have stimulated the change. New Zealand is now affected by its Bill of Rights Act. But, in Australia, none of these forces was available and decisional authority adhered for decades to strict dualism.The changing pace of utilisation of international law in the UK and Australia are described. In the UK, the Human Rights Act 1998 now consolidates a trend already happening in the courts. In Australia, the Mabo decision in 1992 effectively endorsed the Bangalore Principles on the municipal application of international human rights norms. This paper describes the contrasting case-law. In the foregoing countries, it concludes with a response to criticisms of judicial utilisation of international law and a suggestion of the proper jurisprudential basis that can be identified to sustain a judicial process that is now well advanced in the countries surveyed.
msABC: a modification of Hudson’s ms to facilitate multi‐locus ABC analysis
Authors: PAVLIDIS P. , LAURENT S. , STEPHAN W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWith the availability of whole‐genome sequence data biologists are able to test hypotheses regarding the demography of populations. Furthermore, the advancement of the Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methodology allows the demographic inference to be performed in a simple framework using summary statistics. We present here msABC, a coalescent‐based software that facilitates the simulation of multi‐locus data, suitable for an ABC analysis. msABC is based on Hudson’s ms algorithm, which is used extensively for simulating neutral demographic histories of populations. The flexibility of the original algorithm has been extended so that sample size may vary among loci, missing data can be incorporated in simulations and calculations, and a multitude of summary statistics for single or multiple populations is generated. The source code of msABC is available at http://bio.lmu.de/~pavlidis/msabc or upon request from the authors.
Néron models and limits of Abel–Jacobi mappings
Authors: Green Mark , Griffiths Phillip , Kerr Matt 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe show that the limit of a one-parameter admissible normal function with no singularities lies in a non-classical sub-object of the limiting intermediate Jacobian. Using this, we construct a Hausdorff slit analytic space, with complex Lie group fibres, which ‘graphs’ such normal functions. For singular normal functions, an extension of the sub-object by a finite group leads to the Néron models. When the normal function comes from geometry, that is, a family of algebraic cycles on a semistably degenerating family of varieties, its limit may be interpreted via the Abel–Jacobi map on motivic cohomology of the singular fibre, hence via regulators onK-groups of its substrata. Two examples are worked out in detail, for families of 1-cycles on CY and abelian 3-folds, where this produces interesting arithmetic constraints on such limits. We also show how to compute the finite ‘singularity group’ in the geometric setting.
Fibers of generic projections
Authors: Beheshti Roya , Eisenbud David 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLet X be a smooth projective variety of dimension n in Pr, and let π:X→Pn+c be a general linear projection, with c>0. In this paper we bound the scheme-theoretic complexity of the fibers of π. In his famous work on stable mappings, Mather extended the classical results by showing that the number of distinct points in the fiber is bounded by B:=n/c+1, and that, when n is not too large, the degree of the fiber (taking the scheme structure into account) is also bounded by B. A result of Lazarsfeld shows that this fails dramatically for n≫0. We describe a new invariant of the scheme-theoretic fiber that agrees with the degree in many cases and is always bounded by B. We deduce, for example, that if we write a fiber as the disjoint union of schemes Y′ and Y′′ such that Y′ is the union of the locally complete intersection components of Y, then deg Y′+deg Y′′red≤B. Our method also gives a sharp bound on the subvariety of Pr swept out by the l-secant lines of X for any positive integer l, and we discuss a corresponding bound for highly secant linear spaces of higher dimension. These results extend Ran’s ‘dimension +2 secant lemma’.
Analytic continuation of overconvergent Hilbert eigenforms in the totally split case
Authors: Sasaki Shu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe generalise results of Buzzard, Taylor and Kassaei on analytic continuation ofp-adic overconvergent eigenforms over ℚ to the case ofp-adic overconvergent Hilbert eigenforms over totally real fields F, under the assumption thatpsplits completely in F. This includes weight-one forms and has applications to generalisations of Buzzard and Taylor’s main theorem. Next, we follow an idea of Kassaei’s to generalise Coleman’s well-known result that ‘an overconvergentUp-eigenform of small slope is classical’ to the case ofp-adic overconvergent Hilbert eigenforms of Iwahori level.
Proteus mirabilis pmrI
, an RppA-Regulated Gene Necessary for Polymyxin B Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Urothelial Cell Invasion
Authors: Jiang Sin-Sien , Liu Ming-Che , Teng Lee-Jene , Wang Won-Bo , Hsueh Po-Ren , Liaw Shwu-Jen 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Proteus mirabilis
is naturally resistant to polymyxin B (PB). To investigate the underlying mechanisms, Tn
5
mutagenesis was performed, and a mutant exhibiting increased PB susceptibility was isolated. The mutant was found to have Tn
5
inserted into the P
pmrI
(
Proteus pmrI
) gene, a gene which may encode a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase. In other bacteria,
pmrI
belongs to the seven-gene
pmrF
operon, which is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification. While the P
pmrI
knockout mutant had a wild-type LPS profile and produced amounts of LPS similar to those produced by the wild type, LPS of the knockout mutant had higher PB-binding activity than that of the wild type. PB could induce alterations of LPS in the wild type but not in the P
pmrI
knockout mutant. Moreover, the P
pmrI
knockout mutant exhibited decreased abilities in biofilm formation and urothelial cell invasion. Complementation of the P
pmrI
mutant with the full-length P
pmrI
gene led to restoration of the wild-type phenotypic traits. Previously we identified RppA, a response regulator of the bacterial two-component system, as a regulator of PB susceptibility and virulence factor expression in
P. mirabilis
. Here we showed that RppA could mediate the induction of P
pmrI
expression by PB. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay further demonstrated that RppA could bind directly to the putative P
pmrI
promoter. Together, these results provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying PB resistance and virulence expression in
P. mirabilis
.