bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass and heat transfer from or to a single sphere in simple extensional creeping flow
Authors: Zhang Jingsheng , Yang Chao , Mao Zai‐Sha 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe first detailed numerical investigation on the mass and heat transfer both outside and inside a solid or liquid sphere immersed in a simple extensional flow for a larger range of Peclet numbers (1–100,000) is presented. By making use of the known Stokes velocity field at small Reynolds numbers, a finite difference method with the control volume formulation is adopted to solve the convection‐diffusion transport equation. Simulation results show that the transport rate, which is represented by Sherwood number, is significantly affected by Peclet number and viscosity ratio. The flow direction, no matter a uniaxial extensional flow or a biaxial extensional flow, has no effect on the total transport rate but affects the concentration distribution a lot. Some comparisons between present simulations and previous studies are made to validate each other and confirm the reliability and applicable scopes of reported correlations. A few new correlations are put forward to predict the transfer rate at finite Peclet numbers for various values of viscosity ratios. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3214–3223, 2012
Effect of the polymer microstructure on the behavior of syndiotactic polypropylene/organophilic layered silicate composites
Authors: Palza H. , Zurita A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSyndiotactic polypropylenes (sPPs) with several microstructures (i.e., syndiotacticities and molecular weights) and synthesized by means of two metallocenic catalysts were melt‐blended with 1 and 3 wt % organophilic layered silicates in the presence of a compatibilizer. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the clay was well dispersed in the composites, although the filler morphology depended on the polymer microstructure. Polypropylenes with low syndiotacticities and molecular weights presented the best clay dispersion. Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the polymer microstructure and the clay content modified the thermal behavior of the composites. The compatibilizer and the clay acted as nucleant agents to increase the crystallization temperature of the matrix. Moreover, the double endothermic peak observed during heating scan and associated with the melt/recrystallization/remelt processes of the pure polymer matrix was reduced in the composites. With regard to the mechanical properties under tensile conditions, a synergic effect of the compatibilizer and the clay was observed. In particular, the addition of the compatibilizer alone was able to increase by about 20% the elastic modulus relative to the neat samples, whereas increases between 35 and 50% were measured when the clay was also added, depending on the polymer microstructure. Our results show that the microstructure of sPPs had strong effects on the behavior of its composites with clay in the presence of a compatibilizer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Role of silane crosslinking on the properties of melt blended metallocene polyethylene‐g‐silane/clay nanocomposites at various clay contents
Authors: Chen W.‐C. , Lai S.‐M. , Qiu Rong Yu , Tang Shi‐Xian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA study to investigate matrix properties and their interaction with loaded nanoclay was designed under controlled clay dispersion. Metallocene polyethylene grafted vinyltriethoxy silane (mPE‐g‐silane) was served as the matrix, with or without silane crosslinking (grafting and post crosslinking with catalyst versus only grafting without catalyst), to assess the strength of commercial organoclay (20A)‐filled nanocomposites prepared via a melt mixing. According to X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses, all nanocomposites achieved similar dispersion degrees at specific clay contents mainly due to the silane interaction with the dispersed clay via hydrogen bonding and/or chemical bonding. Chemical bonding of grafted silane with clay was inferred based on the slightly higher crosslinking degree with increasing clay content for crosslinked cases. For uncrosslinked cases, the crosslinking degree was virtually zero regardless of clay content. The dynamic mechanical properties revealed enhanced interaction between mPE‐g‐silane and clay with increasing clay content based on the increased glass transition temperatures. Young's modulus of nanocomposites with crosslinked cases showed higher values in comparison with uncrosslinked cases at a specific clay content, indicating the significance of matrix crosslinking effect and the effective interfacial interaction between silane and clay especially at higher clay content. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first study which generally maintains similar clay dispersions through the effect of uncrosslinking (only grafting) and crosslinking (grafting and post crosslinking), and then probes the effect of matrix properties and interfacial interactions at the large deformation state (tensile test) and small deformation state (cutting test). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Atomic Layer Deposition of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials Based on Unsaturated Linear Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Klepper Karina B. , Nilsen Ola , Levy Thomas , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique has been further developed as a tool for producing thin films of organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Trimethylaluminium (TMA) and unsaturated linear carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid and trans,trans‐muconic acid have been used as precursors, providing the possibility of also exploring the possible effect of cis‐ and trans configurations of the precursors. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements of the growth dynamics indicate that all systems are of a self‐limiting ALD‐type. Nevertheless, temperature‐dependent growth, with decreasing growth rates with increasing deposition temperature, was observed. Growth rates were found to be in the range 0.24–1.19 nm/cycle. FTIR spectroscopy proved that the deposited films have a hybrid character. The carboxylic acids formed either bidentate or bridging complexes, and the cis‐ and trans configuration of the precursor influenced the preference for the type of bonding to the cation. All films were X‐ray amorphous as deposited. The films were further analyzed by atomic force microscopy to determine the surface roughness and topography, UV/Vis spectroscopy and ellipsometry to evaluate the optical properties, and the goniometer method was employed to measure sessile drops for the surface wetting properties. All films are stable in contact with water. The films are generally smooth, transparent and have a refractive index in the range 1.5–1.6. Although the obtained films are dense when compared to attractive porous metal–organic framework (MOF) bulk materials, the present work shows that controlled growth of functionalized hybrid materials is offered by the ALD technique.
Type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: A case–control study in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Wen‐Wen , Yang Xia , Fan Wen‐Bo , Yu Jin‐Hong , Xie Shuang‐Shuang , Liu Li , Ma Li‐Xian , Chen Shi‐Jun , Kato Naoya 
Published: November 2011

AbstractType 2 diabetes has been suggested as an independent risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of Type 2 diabetes on the development of HCC in the presence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains inconclusive. We conducted this hospital‐based case–control study to evaluate the roles of Type 2 diabetes in HCC development in patients with CHB. From January 2004 to December 2008, a total of 6,275 eligible consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were recruited. A total of 1,105 of them were patients with HBV‐related HCC and 5,170 patients were CHB but without HCC. We used multivariate logistic regression models to investigate the association between Type 2 diabetes and HCC risk. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is higher among HCC patients without cirrhosis than among those with cirrhosis (12.1% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.003). Type 2 diabetes was associated with a significantly high risk of HCC in female patients after adjusting for age, family history of HCC, city of residence, hepatitis B e antigen and cirrhosis with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1.9 (1.1–3.4). Restricted analyses among female patients without cirrhosis indicated that Type 2 diabetes was strongly associated with HCC risk with adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 5.6 (2.2–14.1). In conclusion, Type 2 diabetes is independently associated with the increased risk of HCC in female CHB patients. Female CHB patients with Type 2 diabetes are of a high HCC risk population and should be considered for HCC close surveillance program.
Number of screens for overdetection as an indicator of absolute risk of overdiagnosis in prostate cancer screening
Authors: Wu Grace Hui‐Min , Auvinen Anssi , Määttänen Liisa , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Hakama Matti , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs with wide‐spread use of prostate cancer (Pca) screening with prostate‐specific antigen testing, overdetection has increasingly gained attention. The authors aimed to estimate absolute risk of overdetection (RO) in Pca screening with various interscreening intervals and ages at start of screening. We estimated age‐specific preclinical incidence rates (per 100,000 person‐years) for progressive cancer (from 128 for age group 55–58 years to 774 for age group 67–71 years) and nonprogressive cancer (from 40 for age group 55–58 years to 66 for age group 67–71 years), the mean sojourn time (7.72 years) and the sensitivity (42.8% at first screen and 59.8% at the second screen) by using a multistep epidemiological model with data from the Finnish randomized controlled trial. The overall number of screens for overdetection (NSO) was 29 (95% confidence interval (CI): 18, 48) for screenees aged 55–67 years, equivalent to 3.4 (95% CI: 2.1, 5.7) overdetected Pcas per 100 screenees. The NSO decreased from 63 (95% CI: 37, 109) at the first screen to 29 (95% CI: 18, 48) at the third screen and from 43 (95% CI: 36, 52) for age 55 years to 25 (95% CI: 8, 75) at age 67 years at the first screen. In conclusion, around 3.4 cases for every 100 screened men would be overdetected during three screen rounds (∼ 13 years of follow‐up) in the Finnish randomized controlled trial. Elucidating the absolute RO under various scenarios makes contribution for evaluating the benefit and harm of Pca screening.
Chemoprevention of familial adenomatous polyposis by bromo‐noscapine (EM011) in the ApcMin/+ mouse model
Authors: Li Shiwang , Ghaleb Amr M. , He Jing , Bughani Usha , Bialkowska Agnieszka B. , Yang Vincent W. , Joshi Harish C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGermline mutation of the tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) with nearly 100% risk for colon cancer at an early age. Although FAP is involved in only 1% of all colon cancer cases, over 80% of sporadic cancers harbor somatic mutations of APC. We show here that bromo‐noscapine (EM011), a rationally designed synthetic derivative of a natural nontoxic tubulin‐binding alkaloid‐noscapine, that reduces the dynamics of microtubules, causes a reversible G2/M arrest in wild type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but an aberrant exit from a brief mitotic block, followed by apoptosis in MEFs after APC deletion with small interfering RNA. Furthermore, both β‐catenin levels and activity fell to half the original levels with a concomitant reduction of cell proliferation‐inducing cyclin D1, c‐Myc, and induction of cytostatic protein p21 before caspase‐3 activation. Additionally, we show a statistically significant reduction in the number of newly emerging intestinal polyps (to 35% compared with untreated mice) as well as the mean size of polyps (to 42% compared with untreated mice) in EM011‐treated ApcMin/+ mice as compared to their sham‐treated control littermates. The remaining polyps in the EM011 treated group of ApcMin/+ mice showed evidence of elevated apoptosis as revealed by immunohistochemistry. We failed to detect any evidence of histopathological and hematological toxicities following EM011 treatment. Taken together, our data are persuasive that a clinical trial of EM011 is possible for the prevention/amelioration of polyposis in FAP patients.
TRANSACTIONS COSTS, INDEX ARBITRAGE AND NON‐LINEAR DYNAMICS BETWEEN FTSE100 SPOT AND FUTURES: A THRESHOLD COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Tao Juan , Green Christopher J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWe apply threshold cointegration to study the dynamics between the London FTSE100 spot index and its futures price, using percentage mispricing as the threshold variable to identify the no‐arbitrage band. Estimated asymmetries in the band suggest that short sale restrictions in the spot market represent a hurdle for arbitrage. Factors other than transactions costs did not affect the width of the no‐arbitrage band but did affect the price dynamics more directly. The evidence supports a conclusion that LSE SETS (1997) and LIFFE CONNECT (1998) trading systems reduced transactions costs and hence the width of the no‐arbitrage band. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat treatment of Na2O‐CaO‐P2O5‐SiO2 bioactive glasses: Densification processes and postsintering bioactivity
Authors: Sola A. , Bellucci D. , Raucci M. G. , Zeppetelli S. , Ambrosio L. , Cannillo V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBecause of their excellent bioactivity, bioactive glasses are increasingly diffused to produce biomedical devices for bone prostheses, to face the dysfunctions that may be caused by traumatic events, diseases, or even natural aging. However, several processing routes, such as the production of scaffolds or the deposition of coatings, include a thermal treatment to apply or sinter the glass. The exposure to high temperature may induce a devetrification phenomenon, altering the properties and, in particular, the bioactivity of the glass. The present contribution offers an overview of the thermal behavior and properties of two glasses belonging to the Na2O‐CaO‐P2O5‐SiO2 system, to be compared to the standard 45S5 Bioglass®. The basic goal is to understand the effect of both the original composition and the thermal treatment on the performance of the sintered glasses. The new glasses, the one (BG_Na) with a high content of Na2O, the other (BG_Ca) with a high content of CaO, were fully characterized and sintering tests were performed to define the most interesting firing cycles. The sintered samples, treated at 880°C and 800°C respectively, were investigated from a microstructural point of view and their mechanical properties were compared to those of the bulk (not sintered) glass counterparts. The effect of sintering was especially striking on the BG_Ca material, whose Vickers hardness increased from 598.9 ± 46.7 HV to 1053.4 ± 35.0 HV. The in vitro tests confirmed the ability of the glasses, both in bulk and sintered form, of generating a hydroxyapatite surface layer when immersed in a simulated body fluid. More accurate biological tests performed on the sintered glasses proved the high bioactivity of the CaO‐rich composition even after a heat treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
An effective method for accurate prediction of the first hyperpolarizability of alkalides
Authors: Wang Jia‐Nan , Xu Hong‐Liang , Sun Shi‐Ling , Gao Ting , Li Hong‐Zhi , Li Hui , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe proper theoretical calculation method for nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is a key factor to design the excellent NLO materials. Yet it is a difficult task to obatin the accurate NLO property of large scale molecule. In present work, an effective intelligent computing method, as called extreme learning machine‐neural network (ELM‐NN), is proposed to predict accurately the first hyperpolarizability (β0) of alkalides from low‐accuracy first hyperpolarizability. Compared with neural network (NN) and genetic algorithm neural network (GANN), the root‐mean‐square deviations of the predicted values obtained by ELM‐NN, GANN, and NN with their MP2 counterpart are 0.02, 0.08, and 0.17 a.u., respectively. It suggests that the predicted values obtained by ELM‐NN are more accurate than those calculated by NN and GANN methods. Another excellent point of ELM‐NN is the ability to obtain the high accuracy level calculated values with less computing cost. Experimental results show that the computing time of MP2 is 2.4–4 times of the computing time of ELM‐NN. Thus, the proposed method is a potentially powerful tool in computational chemistry, and it may predict β0 of the large scale molecules, which is difficult to obtain by high‐accuracy theoretical method due to dramatic increasing computational cost. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Aluminum phosphate [AlPO4(H)]: A mild and efficient recyclable catalyst for one‐pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline via the Hantzsch reaction under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Purandhar K. , Jyothi V. , Reddy P. Pratap , Chari M. Adharvana , Mukkanti K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolyhydroquinolines have been synthesized in good to excellent yields (80–90%) and short reaction times (15–30 min) in the presence of aluminum phosphate [AlPO4] as heterogeneous catalyst at 90°C; the reaction workup is simple and the catalyst aluminum phosphate [AlPO4] can be easily separated from the product and reused. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Adolescent girls from a modern conservative culture: The impact of their social identity on their perception of brand symbolism
Authors: Souiden Nizar , M'saad Bouthaina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between adolescent girls' self‐esteem, self‐monitoring, and social groups (i.e., susceptibility to peer influence and group identification/differentiation) on one hand, and their perception of brand symbolism on the other. There is particular interest accorded to adolescent girls living in a transitional society. A single model is proposed to test the hypothesized relationships using structural equation modeling. The research findings reveal the existence of two categories of adolescents in a transitional society: modern and conservative. The former's perception of brand symbolism is found to be significantly influenced by their self‐esteem. The latter's, however, is affected by their self‐monitoring. Additionally, self‐monitoring has an indirect impact on both conservative and modern teenage girls' perception of brand symbolism via their susceptibility to peer influence and group identification. This latter was the only social group factor to have a direct effect on both groups' perception of brand symbolism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
7‐Nitroindazole potentiates c‐fos expression induced by muscle tendon vibration in the spinal cord
Authors: Pilyavskii Alexander I. , Maisky Vladimir A. , Maznychenko Andrey V. , Kostyukov Alexander I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Expression of c‐fos initiated by muscle proprioceptive signaling was studied in rats after inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with administration of 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI). Methods: Fos‐immunoreactive (Fos‐ir) neurons were visualized immunohistochemically in the lumbar cord after vibration of the Achilles tendon and/or 7‐NI systemic injections. Results: The total number of Fos‐ir interneurons and motoneurons (per slice) was significantly greater in the 7‐NI‐pretreated and tendon‐vibrated (7‐NI + Tv) group than in the isolated tendon vibration group (Tv group). The greatest increases in the number of Fos‐ir neurons were found in the L4 (+100%) and L5 (+105%) segments (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Suppression of NO release after introduction of 7‐NI was associated with potentiation of Fos immunoreactivity induced by muscle proprioceptive signaling within distinctive regions of the spinal cord. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Study of the effect of the concentration, size and surface chemistry of zirconia and silica nanoparticle fillers within an epoxy resin on the bulk properties of the resulting nanocomposites
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Feichtenschlager Bernhard , Pabisch Silvia , Svehla Jakob , Koch Thomas , Seidler Sabine , Peterlik Herwig , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEpoxy resin nanocomposites were prepared by curing bisphenol‐F with an aliphatic amine in the presence of SiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles as inorganic fillers. Both types of particles were prepared with diameters of around 10 nm and 70 nm to study size effects in the nanocomposites. The nanoparticles showed a different constitution: while silica was amorphous and spherical in nature, zirconia was crystalline and non‐spherical. Both nanoparticles were surface‐functionalized with novel diethylene‐glycol‐based capping agents to increase the compatibility with the epoxy matrix. The organic functionalities were attached to the nanoparticle surface via phosphonic acid (zirconia) and trialkoxysilane (silica) anchor groups. The homogeneity of the distribution of surface‐modified inorganic nano‐sized fillers in the matrix up to 5.8 vol% in case of silica and 2.34 vol% in case of zirconia was determined by small‐angle X‐ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical properties such as hardness and storage modulus were increased with increasing filler content while thermal stability of the obtained materials was nearly unaffected after incorporation of nanoparticles. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Using the social cost of carbon in regulatory deliberations
Authors: Watkiss Paul , Hope Chris 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper reviews the use of social cost of carbon (SCC) values in regulatory deliberations, using practical examples to reveal potential insights. The paper reports on how the inferred choice of input assumptions, and the method used to pick SCC estimates, affects both the size of SCC values and the uncertainty ranges, and that these implicitly influence policy outcomes. The paper also reviews applications of the SCC in the UK. This reveals the following: (1) There is a potential trade‐off between the use of single SCC estimates to ensure consistency, versus use of a range to reflect uncertainty. (2) SCC values are more influential in some sectors than others, which can make it challenging to introduce consistent policies. (3) In some cases the SCC can act as a switching value on major (nonclimate) policy decisions. (4) SCC literature estimates have changed over time, often dramatically. These changes are difficult to implement and policy makers seem to prefer more stable values, even if this means changing input assumptions or methods. (5) For the analysis of climate policy, the decision framework in which SCC values are used makes a large difference to the outcome. (6) There are complex issues and potential inconsistencies involved in applying global SCC values to national decision frameworks comparing costs and benefits. All of these issues caution against a narrow and over‐simplistic application of SCC values in regulatory deliberations. Nonetheless, with appropriate caution and caveats, the paper reports that SCC values can have a role in helping to inform policy. WIREs Clim Change 2011, 2:886–901. doi: 10.1002/wcc.140This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change