bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Organizing Maps for In Silico Screening and Data Visualization
Authors: Digles Daniela , Ecker Gerhard F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSelf‐organizing maps, which are unsupervised artificial neural networks, have become a very useful tool in a wide area of disciplines, including medicinal chemistry. Here, we will focus on two applications of self‐organizing maps: the use of self‐organizing maps for in silico screening and for clustering and visualisation of large datasets. Additionally, the importance of parameter selection is discussed and some modifications to the original algorithm are summarised.
Tetrahydrocurcumin is more effective than curcumin in preventing azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Lai Ching‐Shu , Wu Jia‐Ching , Yu Shih‐Feng , Badmaev Vladimir , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractScope: Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), a major metabolite of curcumin (CUR), has been demonstrated to be anti‐cancerogenic and anti‐angiogenic and prevents type II diabetes. In this present study, we investigated the chemopreventive effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of dietary administration of CUR and THC in azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon carcinogenesis in mice.Methods and results: All mice were sacrificed at 6 and 23 wk, and colonic tissue was collected and examined. We found that dietary administration of both CUR and THC could reduce aberrant crypt foci and polyps formation, while THC showed a better inhibitory effect than CUR. At the molecular level, results from Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining showed that dietary CUR and THC exhibited anti‐inflammatory activity by decreasing the levels of inducible NOS and COX‐2 through downregulation of ERK1/2 activation. In addition, both dietary CUR and THC significantly decreased AOM‐induced Wnt‐1 and β‐catenin protein expression, as well as the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β in colonic tissue. Moreover, dietary feeding with CUR and THC markedly reduced the protein level of connexin‐43, an important molecule of gap junctions, indicating that both CUR and THC might interfer with the intercellular communication of crypt cells.Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrated for the first time the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and molecular mechanisms of dietary THC against AOM‐induced colonic tumorigenesis.
Blueberries reduce pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α and IL‐6 production in mouse macrophages by inhibiting NF‐κB activation and the MAPK pathway
Authors: Xie Chenghui , Kang Jie , Ferguson Matthew E. , Nagarajan Shanmugam , Badger Thomas M. , Wu Xianli 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBlueberries (BB) have been reported to attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BB in reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. ApoE−/− mice were fed AIN‐93G diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze‐dried BB for 5 wk. TNF‐α and IL‐6 were lower in serum of BB‐fed mice and TNF‐α expression in aorta was down‐regulated with BB feeding. Protein level and mRNA expression of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were significantly lower in the peritoneal macrophages from mice fed BB without or with LPS or oxLDL stimulation. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with polyphenol‐enriched extracts made from the sera of rats fed CD (SEC) or CD containing 10% BB (SEB). SEB significantly inhibited LPS‐induced mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6. Furthermore, SEB inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, NF‐κB p65, MAPK p38 and JNK. All of these are important signaling pathways involved in the production of TNF‐α and IL‐6.
In vivo measurement of hindlimb neuromuscular function in mice
Authors: Stodieck Louis S. , Greybeck Brooke J. , Cannon Cara M.A. , Hanson Andrea M. , Young Mary H. , Simske Steve J. , Ferguson Virginia L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIntroduction: In vitro or in situ methods to assess neuromuscular performance in rodents are invasive and inadequate to fully assess large hindlimb muscles. Methods: An in vivo hindlimb exertion force test (HEFT) was developed to quantify muscle function peak force (PF), peak rate of force development (PRFD), and short‐ and long‐latency reaction times (SLRT and LLRT, respectively) in C57BL/6J mice. Results: PF did not change with one‐ and three‐times‐per‐week repeated HEFT trials, demonstrating assessment reproducibility. However, PRFD decreased with trial, indicating that mice modified response behavior while achieving the same PF. Separately, mice were subjected to 14 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) to induce muscle atrophy. Concomitant with decreased lean carcass and individual muscle masses, HS mice showed reduced PF and LLRT. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that HEFT is an effective tool for evaluating in vivo hindlimb neuromuscular performance due to disuse muscle atrophy and potentially for other disease and injury models. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Jagd auf das Higgs‐Teilchen am LHC eröffnet
Authors: Quast Günter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMit den ersten Daten haben die Detektoren des Large Hadron Colliders (LHC) am CERN, ATLAS, Alice, CMS und LHCb, die Erwartungen des Standardmodells der Teilchenphysik bei der Energieskala von 7 TeV vollauf bestätigt. Mit den jetzt vorliegenden Daten ist aber auch die Tür zur Entdeckung neuer Physik geöffnet worden. Die ersten Ergebnisse stellten Physiker Ende Juli auf einer internationalen Konferenz in Grenoble vor. Insbesondere der für das hypothetische Higgs‐Teilchen zulässige Massenbereich wird durch die neuen Daten erheblich eingeschränkt.
Quantensprünge des Proton‐Spins
Authors: Ulmer Stefan , Blaum Klaus , Walz Jochen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie genaue Messung des Kernmagnetons von Protonen und Antiprotonen stellt einen hochempfindlichen Test der Materie‐Antimaterie‐Symmetrie dar. Einer Kollaboration aus Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kernphysik in Heidelberg, Universität Mainz und GSI Darmstadt ist zum ersten Mal der Nachweis von Spin‐Quantensprüngen mit einem einzelnen gespeicherten Proton gelungen. Dies ermöglicht eine direkte Präzisionsmessung des magnetischen Moments des Protons und zukünftig auch des Antiprotons.
Gammastrahlenblitze und die Mikrostruktur der Raumzeit
Authors: Sahlmann Hanno 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBei den Versuchen, Gravitation und Quantenphysik zu vereinen, gehen Physiker unterschiedliche Wege. Im Rahmen der Schleifen‐Quantengravitation (Loop Quantum Gravity, LQG) wird die Raumzeitgeometrie quantisiert und erhält dadurch eine nichttriviale Mikrostruktur. Diese kann beispielsweise die Ausbreitung von Photonen beeinflussen und ist damit der Beobachtung zugänglich. Eine Gruppe europäischer Astrophysiker konnte kürzlich anhand der Polarisationsmessung von kosmischen Gammastrahlenblitzen eine Händigkeit der Mikrostruktur mit bisher unerreichter Genauigkeit ausschließen. Diese Beobachtung liefert unschätzbare Hinweise auf die Physik der Planck‐Skala.
Characterization of the Asia Oceania Human Proteome Organisation Membrane Proteomics Initiative Standard using SDS‐PAGE shotgun proteomics
Authors: Peng Lifeng , Kapp Eugene A. , McLauchlan Danyl , Jordan T. William 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough there are now multiple methods for the analysis of membrane proteomes, there is relatively little systematic characterization of proteomic workflows for membrane proteins. The Asia Oceania Human Proteome Organisation (AOHUPO) has therefore embarked on a Membrane Proteomics Initiative (MPI) using a large range of workflows. Here, we describe the characterization of the MPI mouse liver microsomal membrane Standard using SDS‐PAGE prior to in‐gel tryptic digestion and LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The Na2CO3 wash followed by SDS‐PAGE prior to in‐gel tryptic digestion and LC‐MS/MS strategy was effective for the detection of membrane proteins with 47.1% of the identified proteins being transmembrane proteins. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis showed that biological processes involving transport, lipid metabolism, cell communication, cell adhesion, and cellular component organization were significantly enriched. Comparison of the present data with the previously published reports on mouse liver proteomes confirmed that the MPI Standard provides an excellent resource for the analysis of membrane proteins in the AOHUPO MPI.
Proteomic identification of Hsp70 as a new Plk1 substrate in arsenic trioxide‐induced mitotically arrested cells
Authors: Chen Yu J. , Lin Ya‐Ping , Chow Lu‐Ping , Lee Te‐Chang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that when arsenic trioxide (ATO)‐induced mitotically arrested HeLa S3 cells (AIMACs) were treated with staurosporine (SSP) the cells rapidly exited mitosis. To better define the cellular targets and the underlying mechanisms of AIMACs, we applied 2‐D DIGE followed by LC‐MS/MS analysis and showed that SSP induced a significant change in the phosphoproteome of AIMACs. Among the proteins whose phosphorylation was modulated by SSP, we identified Hsp70, Rad 23B, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B as potentially new substrates of polo‐like kinase 1 (Plk1), an essential serine/threonine kinase with versatile mitotic functions. Since Hsp70 is a stress protein responsible for ATO treatment, we further identified Thr13, Ser362, Ser631, and Ser633 on Hsp70 intracellularly phosphorylated in AIMACs by combining TiO2 phospho‐peptides enrichment and MS/MS analysis. Using antibody specifically against phosph‐Ser631 Hsp70 and further aided by expression of kinase‐dead Plk1 and pharmacological inhibition of Plk1, we concluded that Ser631 on Hsp70 is phosphorylated by Plk1 in AIMACs. By immnuofluorescent staining, we found the colocalization of Hsp70 and Plk1 in AIMACs but not in interphase cells. In addition, Plk1‐mediated phosphorylation of Hsp70 prevented AIMACs from mitotic death. Our results reveal that Hsp70 is a novel substrate of Plk1 and that its phosphorylation contributes to attenuation of ATO‐induced mitotic abnormalities.
The effect of precursor boron nanopowder on the microstructure and emission properties of LaB6cathode materials
Authors: Bao Li‐Hong , Zhang Jiu‐Xing , Zhou Shen‐Lin , Wei Yong‐Feng , Dou Zhi‐He 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo different structured boron sources have been used for the fabrication of LaB6 ceramics and their effects on the sintering temperature, microstructure and emission properties were investigated. The results show that the reaction temperature of amorphous boron and La to form LaB6 is 1200 °C, which is 150 °C lower than the reaction using crystalline boron. The grain size of LaB6 prepared by amorphous boron and La is 150 nm, which is much smaller than that of crystalline boron ∼2 μm at the same sintering condition. With the grain size decreasing from 5 μm to 150 nm, the LaB6 thermionic emission current density increases significantly and the field emission turn‐on field decreases from 1500 V to 1300 V. Using amorphous boron nanopowder can not only enhance the microstructure but also improve the emission properties. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the theory of the electron beam ablation phenomenon
Authors: Ptitsin V. E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe electron beam ablation phenomenon is investigated on the basis of the general thermodynamic representations about power balance of absorption and dissipation energy processes in conditions of interaction of the concentrated energy flux with a condensed substance. It is shown that at high levels of absorbed power density, exceeding energy dissipation speed by the heat conductivity mechanism, the fast phase transition of a condensed substance in dense plasma can take place (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced absorption of CdS quantum dots deposited onto ZnO nanorod by using bifunctional linker
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Xiaxi , Wu Jun , Lei Wei , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report an improved quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSSC) with CdS QDs deposited on the mercaptopropionic acid (MPA)‐modified ZnO film by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Thiol group in MPA molecule can be attached to CdS, which is benefit for CdS QDs deposition on ZnO to form a well‐covered film. As revealed by UV‐vis absorption spectra, the increased amount of CdS QDs were deposited on MPA modified ZnO. A power conversion efficiency of 0.70% was obtained for QDSSC based on MPA modified ZnO, which has 42% improvement than that based on bare ZnO. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electron‐phonon and electron‐defect scattering rates in semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes
Authors: Thiagarajan Kannan , Lindefelt Ulf 
Published: September 2011

AbstractElectron‐phonon and electron‐defect scattering rates have been calculated within a tight‐binding approach for semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes. The scattering rates for (5,0), (7,0), (10,0), (13,0) and (25,0) nanotubes have been investigated. The electron‐phonon scattering rate shows both diameter and temperature dependence, and the dependence of the electron‐defect scattering rate on nanotube diameter is similar to that of the electron‐phonon scattering rate. Backscattering and forward scattering for electrons interacting with defects occur with equal probability at all energies. The importance of electron‐defect scattering relative to electron‐phonon scattering depends very much on the energy of the electron (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of carburized La2O3 doped Mo filament cathode
Authors: Wang Jinshu , Li Changcai , Liu Wei , Ren Zhiyuan , Ge Chunqiao , Wang Yiman , Zhou Meiling 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCarburized La2O3 doped Mo filament cathodes were prepared by two carburization methods. One was prepared with carbon powder in which the filaments were embedded. Another was produced from plain La‐Mo cathodes by subjecting the formed and mounted filaments to a heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere consisting of benzene vapor which was carried to the treating chambers by a stream of hydrogen under controlled flow conditions. The carburized filament prepared with carbon powder is composed of MoC which has a dense structure whereas that prepared with mixed gas of hydrogen and benzene possesses loose structure due to the formation of Mo2C. The carburization process of La2O3 doped Mo cathode materials has been studied by thermal analysis method. The carburization rate is controlled by a three stage model, i.e., initially controlled by chemical reaction, then controlled by chemical reaction mixed with diffusion, finally controlled by diffusion. Based on this model derived from the experimental results, the weight increase per unit area of the carburized La2O3 doped Mo cathode versus temperature and time has been obtained. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The growth process and field emission characteristics of spherical aggregates of polycrystalline diamond flakes
Authors: Lu Zhanling , Zhang Lan , Ma Xiaotian , Yao Ning , Zhang Binglin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe spherical aggregates films of polycrystalline diamond flakes were deposited on titanium coated Si substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The microstructure and surface morphology of deposited films were characterized by Raman spectroscope and scanning electron microscope. The field electron emission current‐voltage curve was measured by diode structure in a vacuum of below 5×10‐5Pa. It was found that the field emission property of the samples depended on the microstructure of the aggregates films obviously. A stable turn‐on field of 2.17 V/μm and the current density of 2.04 mA/cm2 at the electric field of 3.42 V/μm were obtained for the spherical aggregates film of polycrystalline diamond flakes, which grew under the process with the ratio of CH4 and H2 source gas of 12/100 sccm. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement of the performance of a field‐emission device with a metal mask
Authors: Lei Wei , Wang Baoping , Zhang Xiaobing , Zhao Zhiwei , Cui Yiping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn a field‐emission device, the background noise of the anode current is a little large due to the high anode voltage. Apart from this, the electron beam spreads because of the large gap between the cathode and the anode. To improve the performance of a field‐emission device, a metal mask is introduced between the gate and the anode. Because the metal mask shields the electric field caused by the anode, the background noise of the anode current has been decreased about 90%. With a proper voltage applied on the metal mask, a convergence electric field is generated around the holes of the metal mask, so the focus performance of the electron beam is also improved. The width of the scanning line decreases from 3.1 mm to 0.9 mm after the metal mask is mounted. Because the metal mask can be fabricated in a large volume with low cost, the structure proposed in this paper has a promising application in the field‐emission display devices. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and field emission properties of SnO2 nanowires
Authors: Wang Lingjie , Lin Jinyang , Ye Yun , Guo Tailiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this work, SnO2 nanowires have been synthesized and the field emission characteristics of SnO2 nanowires are investigated in detail. The results show that when current density reaches to 1 μA/cm2, electric field is 1.3 V/μm. The current density dramatically jumps to 1.3 mA/cm2 at the applied field of 2.1 V/μm, and its luminous intensity is 1850 cd/m2. This shows that SnO2 nanowires hold promise for field emission display application. And its emission stability will be further improved in the near future. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunnel injection emitter structures with barriers comprising nanobridges
Authors: Senichev Alexander V. , Talalaev Vadim G. , Tomm Jens W. , Zakharov Nikolai D. , Novikov Boris V. , Werner Peter , Cirlin George E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNanobridges which bypass the tunnel barrier in tunnel injection structures are investigated. The conditions leading to the formation of confined states within them are determined. It is shown that for tunnel barrier thicknesses in the 4–5 nm range confined hole states are likely to exist within the nanobridges. A new absorption feature, which has been observed only in structures comprising nanobridges, is assigned to transitions involving these hole states. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
THE ASSESSMENT OF FINE SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION IN RIVERS USING MACRO‐INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY RESPONSE
Authors: A. Extence C. , P. CHADD R. , England J. , J. DUNBAR M. , J. WOOD P. , D. TAYLOR E. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIncreased fine sediment deposition and entrainment in rivers can arise from a combination of factors including low flows, habitat modification and excessive sediment delivery from the catchment. Physical and visual methods have traditionally been used to quantify the volume of deposited fine sediment (<2 mm in size), but here we propose an alternative, the development and utilization of a sediment‐sensitive macro‐invertebrate metric (PSI — Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates) which provides a proxy to describe the extent to which the surface of river beds are composed of, or covered by, fine sediments. Where suitable biomonitoring data exists, the index can be calculated retrospectively to track trends in fine sediment deposition, and its ecological impact, through time. Furthermore, the utilization of reference condition models such as RIVPACS (River InVertebrate Prediction And Classification System), allows site‐specific unimpacted conditions to be defined, opening‐up the possibility of standard classification and assessment systems being developed. In Europe, such systems are vital if the Water Framework Directive is to be implemented. Knowledge regarding spatial differences in sediment/flow interdependencies may provide valuable information on diffuse sources of fine sediment to rivers and we illustrate this with an example from the UK (Laceby Beck). Further UK case studies are presented to show a range of applications, including the demonstration of improvements in habitat heterogeneity following river restoration (rivers Chess and Rib) and the detection of fine sediment impacts downstream of an impoundment (Eye Brook). The PSI metric offers a readily deployable, cost‐effective and hydroecologically relevant methodology for the assessment of fine sediment impacts in rivers. The technique has potential for application outside of the UK and an adaptation of the methodology for use in the Simandou Mountains (Guinea) is used to illustrate this. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QUANTIFYING RIVER ACCRETION IN THE UPPER RIO GRANDE GORGE, NEW MEXICO, BY USING AN ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER
Authors: Kinzli K.‐D. , Shafike N. , Bauer P. , Lundahl A. , Schmidt‐Petersen R. , Harris S. , Lewis G. , Johnson P. , Timmons M. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe section of the upper Rio Grande in New Mexico is important to downstream water management and the administration of water rights. It has long been believed that this remote reach of the Rio Grande is characterized by significant groundwater accretions, which contribute to water available for downstream uses. This study focused on the uppermost 30 miles of the Rio Grande in New Mexico seeking to establish locations of groundwater accretions in the reach and document magnitude of gain. In order to quantify the accretion of the upper Rio Grande, an expedition using inflatable kayaks, an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and an electromagnetic meter was carried out in the fall of 2008 when natural surface flow was low. The study area covered a stretch of 31 miles. The expedition was able to determine that the total accretion of this stretch of the Rio Grande was 22 ft3s−1 with an average accretion rate of 0.73 ft3s−1 mile−1. Most of the reach exhibited minimal gain or loss, and most of the accretion was centred in Sunshine Valley. One of the most significant results was encountering a large artesian, subaqueous spring, which might be the largest documented spring in New Mexico and contributes nearly 50% of the accretion in the reach. The study was also able to characterize the exact locations of other significant groundwater inputs. In addition to quantifying the accretion of part of the upper Rio Grande, the study provides the framework for using advanced technology in the form of an ADCP to determine river accretions in remote locations. ADCPs offer the benefit of reducing measurement time and measurement error, collect high‐resolution data and are non‐intrusive. Overall, the use of ADCP technology to determine river accretion offers an improvement over traditional methods, and it is the hope of the authors that this technology is utilized for river accretion studies in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.