bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the impacts of climate change on a globally distributed species: the case of the loggerhead turtle
Authors: Witt M. J. , Hawkes L. A. , Godfrey M. H. , Godley B. J. , Broderick A. C. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARY
Marine turtles utilise terrestrial and marine habitats and several aspects of their life history are tied to environmental features that are altering due to rapid climate change. We overview the likely impacts of climate change on the biology of these species, which are likely centred upon the thermal ecology of this taxonomic group. Then, focusing in detail on three decades of research on the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta L.), we describe how much progress has been made to date and how future experimental and ecological focus should be directed. Key questions include: what are the current hatchling sex ratios from which to measure future climate-induced changes? What are wild adult sex ratios and how many males are necessary to maintain a fertile and productive population? How will climate change affect turtles in terms of their distribution?
Organismal climatology: analyzing environmental variability at scales relevant to physiological stress
Authors: Helmuth Brian , Broitman Bernardo R. , Yamane Lauren , Gilman Sarah E. , Mach Katharine , Mislan K. A. S. , Denny Mark W. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYPredicting when, where and with what magnitude climate change is likely to affect the fitness, abundance and distribution of organisms and the functioning of ecosystems has emerged as a high priority for scientists and resource managers. However, even in cases where we have detailed knowledge of current species' range boundaries, we often do not understand what, if any, aspects of weather and climate act to set these limits. This shortcoming significantly curtails our capacity to predict potential future range shifts in response to climate change, especially since the factors that set range boundaries under those novel conditions may be different from those that set limits today. We quantitatively examine a nine-year time series of temperature records relevant to the body temperatures of intertidal mussels as measured using biomimetic sensors. Specifically, we explore how a ‘climatology’ of body temperatures, as opposed to long-term records of habitat-level parameters such as air and water temperatures, can be used to extrapolate meaningful spatial and temporal patterns of physiological stress. Using different metrics that correspond to various aspects of physiological stress (seasonal means, cumulative temperature and the return time of extremes) we show that these potential environmental stressors do not always occur in synchrony with one another. Our analysis also shows that patterns of animal temperature are not well correlated with simple, commonly used metrics such as air temperature. Detailed physiological studies can provide guidance to predicting the effects of global climate change on natural ecosystems but only if we concomitantly record, archive and model environmental signals at appropriate scales.
The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective
Authors: Hayes T. B. , Falso P. , Gallipeau S. , Stice M. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYGreater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and present a three-tiered hierarchical approach that addresses interactions among and between ultimate and proximate factors that contribute to amphibian declines. There are two immediate (proximate) causes of amphibian declines: death and decreased recruitment (reproductive failure). Although much attention has focused on death, few studies have addressed factors that contribute to declines as a result of failed recruitment. Further, a great deal of attention has focused on the role of pathogens in inducing diseases that cause death, but we suggest that pathogen success is profoundly affected by four other ultimate factors: atmospheric change, environmental pollutants, habitat modification and invasive species. Environmental pollutants arise as likely important factors in amphibian declines because they have realized potential to affect recruitment. Further, many studies have documented immunosuppressive effects of pesticides, suggesting a role for environmental contaminants in increased pathogen virulence and disease rates. Increased attention to recruitment and ultimate factors that interact with pathogens is important in addressing this global crisis.
Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factor Screening and Prophylactic Therapy
Authors: Qazizada Maryam , McKaba James , Roe Michael 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To identify the incidence of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HAVTE), evaluate the VTE risk factor screening, and evaluate the use and effectiveness of prophylactic agents used in HAVTE patients at St Vincent's Medical Center (SVMC). Methods The SVMC's database was queried from January 2005 to December 2006 for all the discharges with a secondary diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) and patients with a primary diagnosis of DVT and/or PE who were readmitted within 30 days of their previous admission from SVMC. Results A total of 421 charts were screened and 91 charts, representing patients with HAVTE, were included. Among these patients, 56% of subjects suffered from a DVT, 31% had a PE, and 13% had both a DVT and PE. Thirty-five percent of the patients' prophylactic therapy was noncompliant with the American College of Chest Physician's (ACCP) 2004 VTE prophylaxis guideline recommendations. Documentation of patient risk factors was present in 8.8% of all the patients with HAVTE. Twenty-one percent of the patients were not prescribed any VTE prophylactic agent, of which 89% qualified for VTE prophylaxis. Conclusions The incidence of HAVTE was found to be 2.24 cases per 1000 discharges from SVMC. The prophylactic therapy among the patients with HAVTE was compliant with the ACCP's VTE guideline recommendations in 65% of cases. The documentation of risk factor screening was found to be 8.8%. The current DVT/PE protocol at SVMC needs revision to provide a more consistent assessment of patient risk factor, and implementation of DVT/PE prophylaxis throughout the continuum of care based on the current guidelines.
Telavancin
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: February 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing inservices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The February 2010 monograph topics are on tranexamic acid tablets; human papillomavirus bivalent vaccine, recombinant; romidepsin, diclofenac sodium solution 1.5%; and ecallantide injection. The DUE is on vigabatrin.
Order Scanning Systems may Simultaneously Pull Multiple Pages; Through the Scanner, Leading to Drug Omissions; Dangerous Name Pair; Be Clear When Teaching People to Use Their Inhalers; Inaccurate Dosing If Insulin Withdrawn from a Pen Cartridge
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: February 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Risk Factors for Near-Term Myocardial Infarction in Apparently Healthy Men and Women
Authors: Nordestgaard Børge G , Adourian Aram S , Freiberg Jacob J , Guo Yu , Muntendam Pieter , Falk Erling 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground: Limited information is available regarding risk factors for the near-term (4 years) onset of myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated established cardiovascular risk factors and putative circulating biomarkers as predictors for MI within 4 years of measurement.Methods: We conducted a matched, nested case-control study (252 cases and 499 controls) drawing on 45 735 men and women participating in the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study. Established risk factors and 17 putative biomarkers, including inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, αl-antitrypsin, complement 3), apolipoproteins (A1, B, E, B/A1 ratio), markers of iron overload (iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and leukocytes (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio) were assessed.Results: Among women and men, only 13% and 50%, respectively, of those with near-term MI were classified as high risk by Framingham risk score at baseline. After adjustment for established risk factors, odds ratios for near-term MI, which compared highest to lowest quintiles, were 2.87(95% CI 1.51–5.48; P = 0.001) for αl-antitrypsin, 2.84(1.42–5.67; P = 0.003) for C-reactive protein, 1.97(1.09–3.57; P = 0.03) for creatinine, 1.99(1.09–3.65; P = 0.03) for fibrinogen, and 0.37(0.19–0.73; P = 0.004) for iron. The corresponding odds ratio for all biomarkers combined was 7.24 (3.28–16.0; P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: We identified 5 biomarkers associated with increased near-term risk of MI independently of established risk factors. All putative biomarkers combined explained a 7-fold increase in the odds of near-term MI.
Extensive off-shore meadows ofPenicillus capitatus(Udoteaceae, Chlorophyta) in the Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Sangil Carlos , Sansón Marta , Afonso-Carrillo Julio , Martín-García Laura 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOur finding of extensive off-shore meadows ofPenicillus capitatusin the Canary Islands is the first direct observation of this species off the eastern Atlantic islands. Populations form scattered patches between 20 and 27 m depths, leading to denser meadows between 28 and 50 m depths. Total population coverage is ca 11.16 ha. Plant morphology, cover and density changed through the year. In September, well-developed individuals were dominant whereas theEspera-phase was dominant in January and March. The highest mean cover and density values were 75.42% cover and 1245 well-developed individuals m-2, respectively. Specimens reach only 6 cm in height, which is shorter than individuals from the Mediterranean Sea and the Western Atlantic, and they often grow intermixed with species ofCaulerpaandHalophila decipiens. It is difficult to determine whether this is a recent introduction, because the species may have been overlooked in the past. Nevertheless, the extensive meadows found in La Palma may be related to recent increases in sea water temperature, and the tropicalization of the marine flora and fauna of the Canary Islands detected during the past decade.
Habitat-related allelic variation revealed by an anonymous DNA locus in reef-dwelling Turbinaria ornata (Fucales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Rohfritsch Audrey , Payri Claude , Stiger Valérie , Bonhomme François 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We assessed genetic polymorphism of a bi-allelic anonymous DNA locus in otherwise highly homogeneous Turbinaria ornata populations in French Polynesia, Hawaii, Solomon, Wallis and La Réunion Islands. Large heterozygote deficiencies occurred in almost all populations, which may be related to possible self-fertilisation and short dispersal distance of zygotes. There was a high genetic differentiation among samples (Fst=0.5269***) and this was correlated with a gradient of hydrodynamic conditions prevailing on French Polynesian coral reefs. This correlation is tentatively associated with balancing selection acting on, or on the vicinity of, this anonymous DNA locus.
Evaluation of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in the detection of inflammatory and infectious diseases in children
Authors: dos Anjos Bárbara L. , Grotto Helena Z.W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:Various biomarkers have been proposed to help diagnose inflammatory and infectious diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some of these markers in children seen in an emergency service, and to compare a number of routinely used tests with measurements of serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.Methods:A total of 83 children with clinically suspected inflammation (n=17) or infection (n=66) who had been seen at the emergency department were evaluated. Complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP (using two methods) and SAA measurements were performed.Results:There was no difference in the parameters studied between the inflammation and infectious groups. However, when the infectious group was subdivided into bacterial (n=21) and viral infections (n=43), significantly higher leukocyte, CRP and SAA values were observed in the former group. CRP was the most accurate indicator of inflammatory and infectious processes [Kappa concordance index (KCI)=0.89], followed by SAA (KCI=0.73) and ESR (KCI=0.73). The worst results were obtained for the immature/total neutrophil ratio (KCI=0.02).Conclusions:Measurement of CRP showed the best performance for indicating infectious or inflammatory processes. ESR and SAA had good concordance and yielded very similar results. CRP may be included in protocols for pediatric assessment in emergency departments.Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:493–9.
Immunoglobulin M antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders
Authors: Jarius Sven , Franciotta Diego , Bergamaschi Roberto , Wildemann Brigitte , Wandinger Klaus-Peter 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic syndrome) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system of putative autoimmune etiology that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. NMO is frequently associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG), which are thought to be involved in the patho-genesis of the disease. The frequency and diagnostic relevance of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgM) in patients with NMO is essentially not known. Testing for AQP4-IgM may be of importance since 20%–30% of patients with NMO are negative for AQP4-IgG. Moreover, IgM antibodies are more potent activators of complement compared with IgG, and are detectable at NMO lesional sites.

Methods: Serum samples from 42 patients with NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and from 66 controls were tested for IgM AQP4-Ab using a cell-based assay employing HEK293 cells transfected with human full length AQP4. To control for possible interactions between IgG and IgM, serum was depleted of IgG prior to testing by indirect immunofluorescence.

Results: IgM AQP4-Ab were detectable in 4/42 samples from patients with NMOSD, but in none of the 66 control samples. In three patients, titers were higher following depletion of total IgG from the samples. One sample was positive only after precipitation of total IgG.

Conclusions: AQP4 antibodies of the IgM class exist in almost 10% of patients with NMO and might contribute to lesion pathology. Routine testing for AQP4-IgM appears to not be justified, as all AQP4-IgM positive patients were also positive for AQP4-IgG, and none of the AQP4-IgG negative samples were positive for AQP4-IgM.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:659–63.
Biological performance of copper azole-treated wood and wood-based composites
Authors: Tascioglu Cihat , Tsunoda Kunio 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Vacuum-impregnation with copper azole was applied as a post-treatment to five commercially available wood-based composites with thicknesses of approximately 12 mm, such as softwood plywood (SWP), hardwood plywood (HWP), medium density fiberboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), and particleboard (PB). Untreated and treated composites were tested for their resistance to decay fungi (brown rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and white rot fungus Trametes versicolor) and the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus by Japanese standardized laboratory test methods. Untreated MDF was highly resistant to both biological attacks and seemed to require no preservative treatment under less hazardous conditions, i.e., under protected and above-ground applications, with possible occasional wetting. PB was ranked second, and needed further protection only against C. formosanus. Copper azole did not adequately protect SWP from F. palustris and termite. OSB was not protected either against F. palustris and T. versicolor even at a concentration level of 1 kg copper azole per m3 in contrary to blocks of Cryptomeria japonica sapwood, which was protected at these concentration levels. The biological resistance of HWP was reasonably improved by copper azole. The performance of wood-based composites treated with copper azole, which was inferior to the biological resistance of treated C. japonica sapwood blocks, might depend on the thickness or layer profile, density as a result of porosity, uneven distribution of the preservative in the composites, and the susceptibility of the component raw materials.
The effects of subthreshold loadings of tebuconazole, DDAC, and boric acid on wood decay by Postia placenta
Authors: Robinson Sara C. , Laks Peter E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTebuconazole, didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), and boric acid are co-biocides frequently added to copper-based wood preservative systems. Although the performance thresholds of these biocides are well known, there is currently little information on the effects of subthreshold loadings of the co-biocides on common wood decay fungi. We tested five strains ofPostia placentaon white pine cubes (Pinus strobus) treated with subthreshold retentions of tebuconazole, DDAC, or boric acid. No stimulatory effects were observed on blocks treated with DDAC or boric acid. Decay stimulation, as measured by weight loss, occurred between loadings of 1.0×10-5to 1.0×10-3 kg m-3on blocks treated with tebuconazole. This effect should be taken into account during the design and use of wood preservative systems containing this fungicide.
Development of wood decay in wound-initiated discolored wood of eastern red cedar
Authors: Shortle Walter C. , Dudzik Kenneth R. , Smith Kevin T. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Logs of eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana L., with well-developed bands of light-colored wood (“included sapwood”) within heartwood can be unsuitable for sawn wood products. This finding is in contrast to published information that the “included sapwood” is (1) a heartwood anomaly rather than sapwood and (2) its occurrence is not a reason to exclude this type of wood from commercial use. The alternative view presented here is that “included sapwood” is wound-initiated discolored wood which is the starting point for wood decay in living trees and which has adversely altered wood properties before the development of decay symptoms. Our study of the patterns of discoloration and decay, electrical resistance properties, elemental analysis, wood acidity, solubility in dilute NaOH, total phenol content, and tests of wood decay resistance indicated that the so-called included sapwood was discolored wood. This light-colored discolored wood had no greater decay resistance than sapwood, a common finding in other tree species in which “included sapwood” is found. Half the sample disks sent to our laboratory had symptomatic decay within the bands of light-colored discolored wood bounded by a phenol-enriched protective layer on the bark side and phenol-enriched heartwood on the pith side of the band. This ring-rot, even in its pre-symptomatic stage, can cause problems during processing for sawn wood products. Therefore, logs with well-developed bands of light-colored discolored wood should be considered high-risk material for some products, although they could be useful for others.
Distribution, abundance, and individual movements of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Estuary, China
Authors: Chen Tao , Hung Samuel K. , Qiu Yongsong , Jia Xiaoping , Jefferson Thomas A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo obtain critical information on distribution and abundance of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) residing in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), systematic line-transect surveys and photo-identification studies were conducted in the eastern and western sections of the estuary in 2005–2006 and 2007–2008, respectively. Dolphins in the eastern section occurred throughout Lingding Bay, whereas their distribution in the western section extended from the mouth of Modaomen to the channel between Shangchuan and Xiachuan islands. Variations in dolphin distribution during the wet and dry seasons were evident and probably associated with movements of their prey species. Photo-identification of individuals confirmed exchange of at least some individuals between the western and eastern sections of PRE, and thus dolphins from both areas almost certainly comprise a single population. Using line-transect analysis, the total population size of the PRE humpback dolphins was estimated to be 2555 during the wet season and 2517 during the dry season. However, these should be considered preliminary as the coefficients of variation in some survey areas were high. Further studies should focus on refining these estimates and working towards understanding the western boundary of the PRE population.