bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New‐build gentrification: its histories, trajectories, and critical geographies
Authors: Davidson Mark , Lees Loretta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNew‐build gentrification has been the subject of renewed attention of late. The impetus was Lambert and Boddy, who asserted that inner‐city new‐build developments in British city centres should not be viewed as a form of gentrification. While the term has long been generally accepted, Lambert and Boddy, and, more recently, Boddy, argue that the demographic transformations stimulated by city centre new‐build developments are relatively innocuous. They do not cause population displacement, and are not associated with the rent‐hike and eviction processes of gentrification proper. Indeed, within a move to rethink the workings and consequences of gentrification more generally (e.g. Butler), there has been a new questioning of whether this, or any, contemporary form of gentrification produces significant displacement concerns. In this paper, we address these new debates. We begin by tracing the histories of new‐build gentrification, highlighting its long‐standing presence, and then we move on to look at its trajectories, focusing our lens on London to demonstrate the diversity and complexity of this process in just one city. We outline the presence of displacement – both direct and indirect – as a complex and nuanced process (not just a spatial moment), but one that has nevertheless had a real‐life impact on real people. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carrier dynamics in InS nanowires grown via chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Othonos Andreas , Zervos Matthew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTransient femtosecond absorption spectroscopy and time‐correlating single photon counting (TCSPC) photoluminescence (PL) were employed to study InS nanowires (NWs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and determine the relaxation mechanisms in these nanostructures. Intensity dependent measurements revealed that Auger recombination plays an important role in the relaxation of photogenerated carriers at fluences larger than 0.4 × 1015 photons/cm2. Calculations provided an estimated of the Auger recombination coefficient to be 1.1 ± 0.5 × 10−31 cm6/s. At the low fluence regime TCSPC PL revealed three relaxation mechanisms with time constants ranging from ps to nanosecond providing evidence of the importance of non‐radiative decay channels associated with defect/trap states within the NWs. magnified imageAuger recombination appears to dominate the carrier dynamics in InS NWs with increasing incident photon flux.
The substrate orientation dependence of GaAsSb thin layer and GaSb dots grown by molecular layer epitaxy
Authors: Ohno Takeo , Oyama Yutaka , Sato Shota 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA GaAs/GaAsSb/GaAs structure was grown on (100), (111)A, (111)B and (110) GaAs substrates by intermittent injection of AsH3, TEGa, and TMSb. The maximum Sb composition was GaAs0.79Sb0.21 on (100) GaAs. From the SIMS, PL and XRD measurements, the abruptness of the quantum well interface and lattice strain were discussed. The growth of GaSb dot was also carried out, and a 20 nm average diameter and a dot density of 7×1010 cm–2 were achieved on (111)A. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antiaggregation potential of berry fractions against pairs of Streptococcus mutans with Fusobacterium nucleatum or Actinomyces naeslundii
Authors: Riihinen Kaisu , Ryynänen Anu , Toivanen Marko , Könönen Eija , Törrönen Riitta , Tikkanen‐Kaukanen Carina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCoaggregation is an interspecies adhesion process, which is essential to the development of dental plaque. This is an in vitro study of the composition of the soluble solids in the berry juice molecular size fractions (<10 kDa, FI; 10–100 kDa, FII; >100 kDa, FIII) derived from apple, bilberry, blackcurrant, cloudberry, crowberry and lingonberry and their ability to inhibit and reverse coaggregation of the pairs of common species in dental plaque: Streptococcus mutans with Fusobacterium nucleatum or Actinomyces naeslundii. Inhibitory and reversal activity was found in the molecular size fractions FII and FIII of bilberry, blackcurrant, crowberry and lingonberry. The active fractions contained higher amounts of polyphenols (5–12% of soluble solids) than those without activity (<2% of soluble solids). Proanthocyanidins dominated in the active lingonberry juice fractions FII and FIII and also small amounts of anthocyanins were detected. Anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins and flavonol glycosides were prevalent in FII and FIII fractions of bilberry, blackcurrant and crowberry juices. Comparable amounts of sugars and titratable acids were present in the latter three berry juice fractions of different size. The results indicate that the high molecular size fractions of lingonberry, bilberry, blackcurrant and crowberry juices have antiaggregation potential on common oral bacteria, the potential being associated with their polyphenolic content. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glyoxal oligomers: A computational study
Authors: Solimannejad Mohammad , Massahi Shokofeh , Alkorta Ibon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAb initio calculations at MP2/6‐311++G(2d,2p) computational level was used to analyze interactions between glyoxal (OCHCHO) dimers and trimers in the gas phase. The structures obtained have been analyzed with the atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital methodologies. Eight minima were located on the potential energy surface of the dimers. Eighteen different structures have been obtained for the trimers. CH···O type of interactions is clustering OCHCHO molecules in studied oligomers. Stabilization energies of dimers and trimers including basis set superposition error and ZPE corrections are in the range 4–8 kJ mol−1and 12–19 kJ mol−1, respectively. Blue shift of CH bond upon complex formation in the ranges between 30–45 and 30–55 cm−1was predicted for dimers and trimers, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Effect of solute flexibility and polarization on the solvatochromic shift of a brominated merocyanine dye in water: A sequential MD/QM study
Authors: Malaspina Thaciana , Fileti Eudes Eterno , Bastos Erick Leite 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA sequential molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics (MD/QM) procedure was used to investigate the effects of solute polarization and flexibility on the solvatochromism of a brominated merocyanine dye (MeBM) in water. Relevant structures for the solution were generated using MD simulations. The structural analysis indicates that the flexibility of MeBM is limited; showing small amplitudes both for dihedral isomerization and for the angle formed between the normal vectors of the pyridine and phenolate rings. The solvatochromic shift in the π–π* electronic transition was studied using both the PM6/CI and PM6/CI/COSMO methods in the gas phase as well as in the solution phase (solute + first solvation shell). The results obtained with the use of the hybrid polarizable continuum model/discrete description are in good agreement with available experimental values and indicate that the polarization of the solute plays a more significant role in the solvatochromism of MeBM than its flexibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Gas‐phase acylium ion transfer reactions mediated by a proton shuttle mechanism
Authors: Fileti Eudes E. , De Oliveira Anselmo E. , Morgon Nelson H. , Riveros José M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanism and the energy profile of the gas‐phase reaction that mimics esterification under acidic conditions have been investigated at different levels of theory. These reactions are known to proceed with rate constants close to the collision limit in the gas‐phase and questions have been raised as to whether the typical addition‐elimination mechanism via a tetrahedral intermediate can explain the ease of these processes. Because these reactions are common to many organic and biochemical processes it is important to understand the intrinsic reactivity of these systems. Our calculations at different levels of theory reveal that a stepwise mechanism via a tetrahedral species is characterized by energy barriers that are inconsistent with the experimental results. For the thermoneutral exchange between protonated acetic acid and water and the exothermic reaction of protonated acetic acid and methanol our calculations show that these reactions proceed initially by a proton shuttle between the carbonyl oxygen and the hydroxy oxygen of acetic acid mediated by water, or methanol, followed by displacement at the acylium ion center. These findings suggest that the reactions in the gas‐phase should be viewed as an acylium ion transfer reaction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Theoretical study of morphine and heroin: Conformational study in gas phase and aqueous solution and electron distribution analysis
Authors: Rincón David A. , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S. , Mosquera Ricardo A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe conformational preferences of morphine and heroin were studied in gas phase and with inclusion of solvent effects. At 298.15 K, three conformers are significant for isolated morphine, all of them displaying antiperiplanar arrangement for the C2C3OH unit, and there is only one significantly populated conformer for heroin. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis of the electron density in their most populated conformers in gas phase indicates that the positive charge is shared among the amino hydrogen, those hydrogens of the methylamino group, and all of the hydrogens attached to the bridgehead carbons. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2472–2482, 2010
An efficient recursive algorithm to compute wave function optimization gradients for the graphically contracted function method
Authors: Shepard Ron , Gidofalvi Gergely , Hovland Paul D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn efficient recursive algorithm is presented to compute orbital‐level Hamiltonian matrices for wave functions expanded in a basis of graphically contracted functions (GCF). Each GCF depends on a nonlinear set of parameters called arc factors. The orbital‐level Hamiltonian matrices characterize the dependence of the energy on the wave function changes associated with a subset of these nonlinear parameters corresponding to an individual molecular orbital. From these Hamiltonian matrices, gradients with respect to the nonlinear arc factor parameters may be computed and other arc factor optimization algorithms may be used. The recursive algorithm allows the orbital‐level Hamiltonian matrices to be computed with O(Nωn4) total effort, where NGCF is the dimension of the GCF basis, n is the dimension of the orbital basis, and where the scale factor ω depends on the number of electrons N and ranges from O(N0) to O(N2) depending on the complexity of the underlying Shavitt graph. This effort is about two to five times that required to compute an energy expectation value for a given set of arc factors; thus the energy and gradient have the same scaling behavior with increasing molecule size, NGCF dimension, and orbital basis size. Timings are given for wave functions that correspond to configuration state function expansions over 1073 in length, many orders of magnitude larger than can be considered using traditional electronic structure methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Laser‐based rut detection and following system for autonomous ground vehicles
Authors: Ordonez Camilo , Chuy Oscar Y. , Collins Emmanuel G. , Liu Xiuwen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn important off‐road driving rule is to keep the vehicle wheels in existing ruts when possible. Rut following has the following benefits: (1) it prevents the ruts from serving as obstacles that can lead to undesirable vehicle vibrations and even vehicle instability at high speeds; (2) it improves vehicle safety on turns by utilizing the extra lateral force provided by the ruts to reduce lateral slippage and guide the vehicle through its path; (3) it improves the vehicle energy efficiency by reducing the energy wasted on compacting the ground; and (4) it increases vehicle traction when traversing soft terrains such as mud, sand, and snow. This paper first presents a set of field experiments that illustrate the improved energy efficiency and traction obtained by rut following. Then, a laser‐based rut detection and following system is proposed so that autonomous ground vehicles can benefit from the application of this off‐road driving rule. The proposed system utilizes a path planning algorithm to aid in the rut detection process and an extended Kalman filter to recursively estimate the parameters of a local model of the rut being followed. Experimental evaluation on a Pioneer 3‐AT robot shows that the proposed system is capable of detecting and following ruts in a variety of scenarios. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of small physical obstacles on the structure of freshwater fish assemblages
Authors: Alexandre C. M. , Almeida P. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany studies have assessed the effects of large dams on fishes but few have examined the effects of small obstacles. Fishes were sampled and environmental variables were characterized at 28 sites in two Iberian streams, 14 located immediately downstream, upstream and between five small obstacles at river Muge and 14 at river Erra, considered as the reference stream. Multivariate analysis indicated that habitat variables like current velocity and depth, but not physicochemistry, were mainly responsible for site groups' discrimination in both streams. The reference stream exhibited a longitudinal gradient of current velocity that, however, was not strong enough to cause significant changes in the fish assemblage's composition and structure. By successive and drastically repeating this gradient near each structure, the obstacles stream presented differences in fish fauna between the three site types. Lentic upstream sites presented higher density of limnophilic, omnivorous and exotic species, like gudgeon Gobio lozanoi, which are well adapted to this type of habitat. Downstream and between obstacles sites were characterized by the dominance of rheophilic and invertivorous taxa, especially barbel Luciobarbus bocagei. Richness metrics did not differ among site types, but diversity was higher in sites located between the obstacles away from its direct influence, where the habitat diversity was higher. Contrarily to upstream sites, downstream and between obstacles sites were similar in many of the studied features to the reference stream, implying that this type of structures cause a higher modification in the upstream fish community. This study suggests that the effects of small obstacles on habitat and fishes are similar, in some extent, to those reported for larger dams, providing important considerations for riverine ecosystem conservation efforts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicategory composite least squares classifiers
Authors: Young Park Seo , Liu Yufeng , Liu Dacheng , Scholl Paul 
Published: July 2010

AbstractClassification is a very useful statistical tool for information extraction. In particular, multicategory classification is commonly seen in various applications. Although binary classification problems are heavily studied, extensions to the multicategory case are much less so. In view of the increased complexity and volume of modern statistical problems, it is desirable to have multicategory classifiers that are able to handle problems with high dimensions and with a large number of classes. Moreover, it is necessary to have sound theoretical properties for the multicategory classifiers. In the literature, there exist several different versions of simultaneous multicategory support vector machines (SVMs). However, the computation of the SVM can be difficult for large scale problems, especially for problems with large number of classes. Furthermore, the SVM cannot produce class probability estimation directly. In this article, we propose a novel efficient multicategory composite least squares classifier (CLS classifier), which utilizes a new composite squared loss function. The proposed CLS classifier has several important merits: efficient computation for problems with large number of classes, asymptotic consistency, ability to handle high‐dimensional data, and simple conditional class probability estimation. Our simulated and real examples demonstrate competitive performance of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 272‐286, 2010
Cathodoluminescence and computer graphics in materials science
Authors: Nazarov M. V. , Nazarova T. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe combination of cathodoluminescence (CL) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with computer graphics is proposed for studying semiconductors and dielectric materials. Spatial distribution of several types of defects that occurred naturally and by design in crystals, can be sorted out and visualized in CL mapping and in three‐dimensional images reconstructed in scanning cathodoluminescence microscopy. The possibilities of this method are illustrated on magnesium oxide single crystals indented with a Vickers diamond pyramid.
Color cathodoluminescence of BGO crystals
Authors: Nazarova T. A. , Nazarov M. V. , Saparin G. V. , Obyden S. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe color cathodoluminescence (CL) mode in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is promising in the study of a variety of defects in single crystals pulled from the melt by the Czochralski method. The regions of homogeneous and heterogeneous capture of impurities and of point and linear defects, which affect the luminescence in the undoped Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) and doped BGO:V, BGO:Yb, BGO:Cr3+, and BGO:Fe as grown single crystals, were observed. Depending on the doped impurities and dislocation configuration, a change was found in both the intensity and wavelength of CL.
Contamination in a scanning electron microscope and the influence of specimen cooling
Authors: Hirsch P. , Kässens M. , Püttmann M. , Reimer L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSolutions of the stationary and time‐dependent equations of diffusion are presented for contamination when scanning a rectangular area in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). A method is described to record the thickness of the contamination layer by the signal of secondary or backscattered electrons and to measure the influence of electron current density, beam energy, and specimen cooling on the contamination rate.
The intracellular distribution of vinculin and alpha2 integrin in epithelial cells and chondrocytes
Authors: Hirsch M. S. , Law L. Y. , Trinkaus‐Randall V. , Svoboda K. K. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the presence of vinculin and alpha2 integrin in chondrocytes in situ and epithelial cells. We also determined that the appropriate fixation and extraction protocols for immunohistochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy for an integral membrane protein and an actin‐associated protein in cultured cells and whole tissue was different. Cultured epithelial cells, whole mount human cornea and avian cartilage were fixed and prepared using a number of standard procedures used for indirect fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The distribution of vinculin was cell‐type and fixation‐specific. Chondrocytes and cultured epithelial cells demonstrated vinculin in areas that appear to be associated with filamentous actin. Vinculin was associated with cell membranes in human cornea. The expression of alpha2 integrin observed in chondrocytes fixed with methanol, paraformaldehyde, or formaldehyde is consistent with its role in cell–substrate interaction, but may also suggest a role in dividing and differentiating cells. The localization of alpha2 integrin in human corneal epithelia supports its role as a cell‐cell adhesion molecule. The cytoplasmic distribution of vinculin and alpha2 integrin in tissues fixed without detergent extraction suggests that the fixation step may be sufficient for antibody penetration and antigen extraction. These studies are the first report of vinculin and alpha2 integrin in embryonic chondrocytes. In addition we have shown that confocal laser scanning microscopy combined with proper fixation and extraction protocols may optimize the localization of antigens in cultured and whole mount cells.
Theoretical analysis of scanning near‐field optical microscopy
Authors: Girard C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe near‐field optical (NFO) interaction between a pointed detector and dielectric or metallic substrates can be exploited to perform both nanometer scale topographies or spectroscopies of surfaces in the real space. The correlation of optical signals recorded with such detectors with other properties of the object (shape, index variation, … ) provides a wealth of new opportunities for characterization of small objects which has not yet been completely assessed. In fact, this new field represents a challenge to theoretical optics since NFO effects often are beyond the scope of classical theories. We present in this contribution a detailed study of both tip‐sample interactions and optical energy transfer occurring in scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM). The treatment is based on the field‐susceptibility method applied in the real space. In this description, all multiple interactions including reflections with a substrate of arbitrary profile are accounted for by the usual self‐consistent equations. An original numerical scheme, based on a discretization procedure in the real space, is used to compute the field inside SNOM devices. This contribution reports the results of the numerical applications of this method to various NFO effects including, image‐object relation, nearfield spectroscopy of metallic aggregates, light‐induced forces, and nonlinear effects in confined geometry.
The trajectories of secondary electrons in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Konvalina Ivo , Müllerová Ilona 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree‐dimensional simulations of the trajectories of secondary electrons (SE) in the scanning electron microscope have been performed for plenty of real configurations of the specimen chamber, including all its basic components. The primary purpose was to evaluate the collection efficiency of the Everhart‐Thornley detector of SE and to reveal fundamental rules for tailoring the set‐ups in which efficient signal acquisition can be expected. Intuitive realizations about the easiness of attracting the SEs towards the biased front grid of the detector have shown themselves likely as false, and all grounded objects in the chamber have been proven to influence the spatial distribution of the signal‐extracting field. The role of the magnetic field penetrating from inside the objective lens is shown to play an ambiguous role regarding possible support for the signal collection.