bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐dependent aggregation behavior in monodisperse silica: a nitrogen adsorption study
Authors: Cui Juqing , Han Shuguang , Zhou Zhaobing , Jia Chong , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present study focused on the aggregation behavior that resulted from surface interaction between monodisperse silicas synthesized with Stöber method using nitrogen adsorption method at cryogenic temperature (77 K). Specific surface area, pore size distribution and surface fractal dimension from adsorption isotherm were evaluated. For relatively large particle, (190 nm in diameter), it was observed that nitrogen adsorption isotherm could be classified to type I. However, others with small size (below 100 nm) have shown the characteristic of type IV with the evident character of hysteresis loop in the isotherm. The increment of specific surface area (SBET) changed with the decrease of particle size, which could be fitted with an exponential decay equation. Pore size distribution (PSD) indicated that there exist an amount of mesopore (between 2 and ∼50 nm) and shift toward the smaller with decreasing the size of silica. Surface fractal dimension (DSF) from thermodynamic method demonstrated that the DSF increased with the decreasing the size of silica. PSD and DSF clearly embodied the size‐dependent aggregation of monodisperse silica nanoparticle, which could be used to explain the inferior performance of polymer nanocomposite filled with smaller monodisperse silica. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of glassy carbon electrode by the electrochemical oxidation of 3‐aminophenylcalix[4]pyrrole in nonaqueous media
Authors: Taner Bilge , Deveci Pervin , Üstündaǧ Zafer , Keskin Selda , Özcan Emine , Osman Solak Ali 
Published: June 2011

Abstract3‐Aminophenylcalix[4]pyrrole (3APCP) was grafted to a glassy carbon (GC) surface during the electrochemical oxidation process in 0.1 M tetrabutylammoniumtetra‐fluoroborate (TBATFB) containing acetonitrile solution. The presence of a surface film was confirmed electrochemically by comparing voltammograms of dopamine and ferricyanide redox probes at the bare and modified electrodes. Reflection‐absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), XPS, atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry and the contact angle measurements were also employed to characterize 3APCP film on GC electrode. RAIRS analysis revealed that calix[4]pyrrole was bonded to the glassy carbon surface via the etheric linkage. The stability of the modified GC electrode was also studied. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Characterization of Quiescent Keratinocyte Stem Cells and Their Progeny Reveals a Hierarchical Organization in Human Skin Epidermis
Authors: Schlüter Holger , Paquet-Fifield Sophie , Gangatirkar Pradnya , Li Jason , Kaur Pritinder 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Although homeostatic renewal of human skin epidermis is achieved by the combined activity of quiescent stem cells (SCs) and their actively cycling progeny, whether these two populations are equipotent in their capacity to regenerate tissue has not been determined in biological assays that mimic lifelong renewal. Using fluorescence activated cell separation strategy validated previously by us, human epidermis was fractionated into three distinct subsets: that is, α 6briCD71dim, α 6briCD71bri, and α 6dim with characteristics of keratinocyte stem, transient amplifying, and early differentiating cells, respectively. The global gene expression profile of these fractions was determined by microarray, confirming that the α 6briCD71dim subset was quiescent, the α 6briCD71bri was actively cycling, and the α 6dim subset expressed markers of differentiation. More importantly, functional evaluation of these populations in an in vivo model for tissue reconstitution at limiting cell dilutions revealed that the quiescent α 6briCD71dim fraction was the most potent proliferative and tissue regenerative population of the epidermis, capable of long-term (LT) epidermal renewal from as little as 100 cells for up to 10 weeks. In contrast, the cycling α 6briCD71bri fraction was the first to initiate tissue reconstitution, although this was not sustained in the LT, while differentiating α 6dim cells possessed the lowest demonstrable tissue regenerative capacity. Our data suggest that in human skin, the epidermal proliferative compartment is not composed of equipotent cells, but rather is organized in a functionally hierarchical manner with the most potent quiescent SCs at its apex (i.e., α 6briCD71dim) followed by cycling progenitors (i.e., α 6briCD71bri) and finally early differentiating keratinocytes (i.e., α 6dim).
Specific α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding of [F‐18]nifene in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Hillmer A.T. , Wooten D.W. , Moirano J.M. , Slesarev M. , Barnhart T.E. , Engle J.W. , Nickles R.J. , Murali D. , Schneider M.L. , Mukherjee J. , Christian B.T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:[F‐18]Nifene is a PET radioligand developed to image α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the brain. This work assesses the in vivo binding and imaging characteristics of [F‐18]nifene in rhesus monkeys for the development of PET experiments examining nAChR binding.Methods:Dynamic PET imaging experiments with [F‐18]nifene were acquired in four anesthetized Macaca mulatta (rhesus) monkeys using a microPET P4 scanner. Data acquisition was initiated with a bolus injection of 109 ± 17 MBq [F‐18]nifene and the time course of the radioligand in the brain was measured for up to 120 min. For two experiments, a displacement dose of (‐)nicotine (0.03 mg kg−1, i.v.) was given 45–60 min post injection and followed 30 min later with a second [F‐18]nifene injection to measure radioligand nondisplaceable uptake. Time activity curves were extracted in the regions of the antereoventral thalamus (AVT), lateral geniculate nucleus region (LGN), frontal cortex, and the cerebellum (CB).Results:The highest levels of [F‐18]nifene uptake were observed in the AVT and LGN. Target‐to‐CB ratios reached maximum values of 3.3 ± 0.4 in the AVT and 3.2 ± 0.3 in the LGN 30–45 min postinjection. Significant binding of [F‐18]nifene was observed in the subiculum, insula cortex, temporal cortex, cingulate gyrus, frontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain areas. The (‐)nicotine displaced bound [F‐18]nifene to near background levels within 15 min postdrug injection. No discernable displacement was observed in the CB, suggesting its potential as a reference region. Logan graphical estimates using the CB as a reference region yielded binding potentials of 1.6 ± 0.2 in the AVT and 1.3 ± 0.1 in the LGN. The postnicotine injection displayed uniform nondisplaceable uptake of [F‐18]nifene throughout gray and white brain matter.Conclusions:[F‐18]Nifene exhibits rapid equilibration and a moderately high target to background binding profile in the α4β2* nAChR rich regions of the brain, thus providing favorable imaging characteristics as a PET radiotracer for nAChR assay. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of fetal volumetry: the need for standardization and definitions in measurement methodology
Authors: Ioannou C. , Sarris I. , Salomon L. J. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVolume charts of fetal organs and structures vary considerably among studies. This review identified 42 studies reporting normal volumes, namely for fetal brain (n = 3), cerebellum (n = 4), liver (n = 6), femur (n = 2), lungs (n = 15), kidneys (n = 3) and first‐trimester embryo (n = 9). The differences among median volumes were expressed both in percentage form and as standard deviation scores. Wide discrepancies in reported normal volumes make it extremely difficult to diagnose pathological organ growth reliably. Given its magnitude, this variation is likely to be due to inconsistencies in volumetric methodology, rather than population differences. Complicating factors include the absence of clearly defined anatomical landmarks for measurement; inadequate assessment and reporting of method repeatability; the inherent difficulty in validating fetal measurements in vivo against a reference standard; and a multitude of mutually incompatible three‐dimensional (3D) imaging formats and software measuring tools. An attempt to standardize these factors would improve intra‐ and inter‐researcher agreement concerning reported volumetric measures, would allow generalization of reference data across different populations and different ultrasound systems, and would allow quality assurance in 3D fetal biometry. Failure to ensure a quality control process may hamper the wide use of 3D ultrasound. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal study of aortic isthmus Doppler in appropriately grown and small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses with normal and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler
Authors: Kennelly M. M. , Farah N. , Hogan J. , Reilly A. , Turner M. J. , Stuart B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo establish reference ranges using longitudinal data for aortic isthmus (AoI) Doppler indices in appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses and to document the longitudinal trends in a cohort of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler and in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler.MethodsAoI Doppler reference ranges were established from longitudinal data on 72 AGA singleton fetuses. Reliability of AoI Doppler flow measurements at two different sites and reproducibility between two operators was reviewed. A prospective longitudinal study of AoI Doppler indices in 48 SGA fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler and 10 IUGR fetuses was performed.ResultsThe AoI pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) in AGA fetuses showed a significant increase with gestational age. Analysis of intra‐ and interoperator variability revealed no significant mean difference in measurements of AoI‐PI or AoI‐PSV. Observations of AoI‐PI and AoI‐PSV from SGA fetuses did not differ significantly from those of AGA or IUGR fetuses. Retrograde flow in the AoI did not predate changes in the ductus venosus in IUGR fetuses.ConclusionsReference ranges for fetal AoI Doppler parameters in AGA fetuses constructed using longitudinal data are consistent with those obtained from cross‐sectional data. The AoI Doppler parameters in SGA fetuses did not differ from those in AGA fetuses. Preterm IUGR fetuses did not manifest alterations in AoI‐PI or AoI‐PSV prior to changes in biophysical profile or ductus venosus Doppler. Further large‐scale prospective studies are needed to determine whether AoI Doppler parameters are of any value in timing delivery or reducing adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does climate change knowledge really matter?
Authors: Sarewitz Daniel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractClimate science and climate policy have been tightly linked for more than two decades. Science is supposed to provide the factual basis for action on climate, and a single policy approach to dealing with climate (through the UN Framework Convention process) has been dominant throughout this period. As a result, debates about climate policy and debates about climate science are impossible to disaggregate, and opposition to the prevailing international climate regime is often expressed as distrust of the science. Until new policy options are available that can enfranchise more diverse political constituencies, climate science will continue to exist as a largely political phenomenon. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 475–481 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.126This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
An Empirical Examination of Women's Empowerment and Transformative Change in the Context of International Development
Authors: Grabe Shelly 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper responds to calls from social scientists in the area of globalization and women's empowerment to test a model that investigates both structural and individual components of women's empowerment in the context of globalization. The investigation uses a liberation psychology framework by taking into account the effects of globalization, human rights discourse, and women's activism within social movements to identify how structural inequities may be related to empowerment. Surveys conducted in rural Nicaragua revealed that land ownership and organizational participation among women were related to more progressive gender ideology, and in turn, women's power and control within the marital relationship, individual levels of agency, and subjective well‐being. The study demonstrates that psychology can bridge the theoretical arguments surrounding human rights with the practical implementation of development interventions, and provide empirical support that has yet to be demonstrated elsewhere. The findings have important implications for strategies and interventions that can improve conditions for women and contribute to the aims of social justice articulated in the Beijing Platform for Action.
Seasonal variation in plant hydraulic traits of two co‐occurring desert shrubs, Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron, with different rooting patterns
Authors: Xu Gui‐Qing , Li Yan , Xu Hao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEffective hydraulic responses to varying soil moisture and evaporative demand are crucial to plant survival in arid ecosystems. This study was carried out during two growing seasons (2004–2005) on two typical desert shrub species, Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron, co‐occurring in the Gurbantonggut Desert (Central Asia), to investigate their hydraulic responses to seasonal variations in water availability. The root distribution was studied by excavating the intact root systems. Leaf‐specific apparent hydraulic conductance (Kl) for the two species was calculated based on leaf water potential (ψl) and transpiration rate (Tr), which were monitored during the growing seasons. T. ramosissima had a deeper taproot (3.1 vs. 2.6 m) and a larger root surface area (3.02 vs. 1.28 m2) than H. ammodendron. Combined with a higher ψl, this meant that it maintained a better water status in general. For the deep‐rooting T. ramosissima, the seasonal pattern of its predawn leaf water potential (ψpd) was in high accordance with the seasonal changes in soil moisture at a depth of 2.6–2.8 m, which was largely influenced by the upflow of groundwater through capillary ascent, and barely responded to rain events. For the shallow‐rooting H. ammodendron, the seasonal pattern of ψpd was closely related to soil moisture in the upper layer at a depth of 0–0.2 and 0.6–0.8 m, which was recharged periodically by rain events and responded acutely to rainfall above 5 mm. The two species differed in their maximum transpiration rates (Trmax) and ψpd: in T. ramosissima, Trmax gradually dropped with decreasing ψpd; in H. ammodendron, Trmax showed no significant response to ψpd. For T. ramosissima, the major water resource was groundwater and vadose zone water, and ψl contributed significantly to transpiration regulation. For H. ammodendron, the primary water resource was precipitation input, which was not sufficient to keep the ψl for this species outside the critical range of leaf shedding in summer. Thus, for these two representative species that share the same habitat, contrasting response strategies to water limitation were observed in relation to water acquisition and root distribution characteristics.
Dyslipidemic Diabetic Serum Increases Lipid Accumulation and Expression of Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase in Human Macrophages
Authors: Wong Bruce X. W. , Kyle Reece A. , Myhill Paul C. , Croft Kevin D. , Quinn Carmel M. , Jessup Wendy , Yeap Bu B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractType 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, mechanisms by which hypertriglyceridemia influences atherogenesis remain unclear. We examined effects of dyslipidemic diabetic serum on macrophage lipid accumulation as a model of foam cell formation. Normal human macrophages were cultured in media supplemented with 10% serum from non‐diabetic normolipidemic or non‐diabetic hypercholesterolemic adults versus adults with Type 2 diabetes; diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia; or diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Exposure to diabetic sera resulted in increased macrophage fatty acids (2–3 fold higher, both saturated and unsaturated). Macrophage expression of CD36, scavenger receptor A (SR‐A) and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) was increased, most prominently in macrophages exposed to hypertriglyceridemic diabetic serum (twofold increase in CD36 and fourfold increase in SCD, p < 0.05). In these conditions, RNA inhibition of CD36 reduced macrophage free cholesterol (163.9 ± 10.5 vs. 221.9 ± 26.2 mmol free cholesterol/g protein, p = 0.04). RNA inhibition of SCD decreased macrophage fatty acid content, increased ABCA1 level and enhanced cholesterol efflux (18.0 ± 3.9 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8% at 48 h, p = 0.03). Diabetic dyslipidemia may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis via alterations in macrophage lipid metabolism favoring foam cell formation. Increased expression of CD36 and SR‐A would facilitate macrophage lipid uptake, while increased expression of SCD could block compensatory upregulation of ABCA1 and cholesterol efflux. Further studies are needed to clarify whether modulation of macrophage lipid metabolism might reduce progression of diabetic atherosclerosis.
The braided monoidal structures on the category of vector spaces graded by the Klein group
Authors: Bulacu D. , Caenepeel S. , Torrecillas B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLet k be a field, let k* = k \ {0} and let C2 be a cyclic group of order 2. We compute all of the braided monoidal structures on the category of k-vector spaces graded by the Klein group C2 × C2. For the monoidal structures we compute the explicit form of the 3-cocycles on C2 × C2 with coefficients in k*, while, for the braided monoidal structures, we compute the explicit form of the abelian 3-cocycles on C2 × C2 with coefficients in k*. In particular, this will allow us to produce examples of quasi-Hopf algebras and weak braided Hopf algebras with underlying vector space k[C2 × C2].
A biharmonic equation with singular nonlinearity
Authors: Ghergu Marius 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe study the biharmonic equation Δ2u=u−α, 0 < α < 1, in a smooth and bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝn,n≥ 2, subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. Under some suitable assumptions on Ω related to the positivity of the Green function for the biharmonic operator, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution.
Alternating units as free factors in the group of units of integral group rings
Authors: Gonçalves Jairo Z. , Veloso Paula M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLet G be a group of odd order that contains a non-central element x whose order is either a prime p ≥ 5 or 3l, with l ≥ 2. Then, in $\mathcal{U}(\mathbb{Z}G)$, the group of units of ℤG, we can find an alternating unit u based on x, and another unit v, which can be either a bicyclic or an alternating unit, such that for all sufficiently large integers m we have that 〈um, vm〉 = 〈um〉 ∗ 〈vm〉 ≌ ℤ ∗ ℤ
Pro12Ala polymorphism in human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma is associated with hyperlipidaemia in obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: Guan J , Yi H , Wu X , Su K , Tao M , Yin S 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma is a ligand-dependent transcription factor with an important role in insulin resistance and obesity. We investigated the associations between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of this receptor, obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome and hyperlipidaemia risk factors, in a Chinese cohort.Subjects and methods:We recruited 420 obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients and 190 healthy controls. Genetic analysis was conducted by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The hyperlipidaemia risk in both the study and control groups was analysed.Results:Comparison of genotype and allele frequencies revealed no significant differences between patients and controls (p > 0.05). In patients, there was no correlation between genotype and clinical parameters (p > 0.05), apart from a significant association between the Ala12 allele and hyperlipidaemia (odds ratio = 2.181;p = 0.017; 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.133–4.198).Conclusion:In this Chinese cohort, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma was not associated with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome, but was associated with increased hyperlipidaemia risk.
Coblation resection of paediatric laryngeal papilloma
Authors: Rachmanidou A , Modayil P C 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate the successful treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis in a 32-month-old girl, using coblation (radio-frequency ablation) resection.Case report:A 32-month-old girl was referred to the ENT out-patients clinic due to a hoarse cry and a very croaky voice since birth. Under general anaesthesia, fibre-optic airway endoscopy revealed a large papillomatous lesion involving the anterior glottis, which was reported as a laryngeal papilloma on histological analysis. This was later excised using an Evac 70Xtra wand. The patient made an uneventful post-operative recovery, and there were no signs of recurrence on repeated airway endoscopies at three and 18 months.Conclusion:Coblation (radio-frequency ablation) is a promising surgical technique for the treatment of paediatric laryngeal papillomatosis. The main advantages of this technique include limited damage to underlying tissues and a bloodless field.
Surgical anatomy of the anterior supralabyrinthine air cell tract
Authors: Gluth M B , Cohen M A , Friedland P L , Atlas M D 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:In order to safely explore the medial wall of the attic, a working knowledge of the anatomy of the anterior supralabyrinthine air cell tract is required.Aim:To clarify the surgically relevant anatomical relationships that comprise the anterior supralabyrinthine air cell tract.Materials and methods:Surgical dissection of 10 fresh cadaveric temporal bones was undertaken, including measurement of distances between the key anterior supralabyrinthine anatomical landmarks.Results:The following mean distances were calculated: the labyrinthine segment between the geniculate ganglion and the ampullated end of the superior semicircular canal, 2.33 mm (range 1.75–2.75); the tympanic segment between the anterior margin of the oval window niche and the geniculate ganglion, 3.58 mm (range 3.25–4); and from the tympanic segment adjacent to the anterior margin of the oval window niche to the labyrinthine segment adjacent to the superior semicircular canal, 3.48 mm (range 3–4.25).Conclusion:The key anatomical landmarks of the anterior supralabyrinthine air cell tract define a distinct triangular segment of bone, knowledge of which is helpful in surgical dissection.