bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Li7PS6 and Li6PS5X (X: Cl, Br, I): Possible Three‐dimensional Diffusion Pathways for Lithium Ions and Temperature Dependence of the Ionic Conductivity by Impedance Measurements
Authors: Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Maier Joachim , Weichert Katja , Nickel Vera , Kong Shiao‐Tong , Reiner Christof 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPossible three‐dimensional diffusion pathways of lithium ions in crystalline lithium argyrodites are discussed based on earlier studies of local dynamics and site preferences. The specific Li‐ionic conductivities of the lithium argyrodites Li7PS6 and Li6PS5X (X: Cl, Br, I) and their temperature dependences are measured by impedance spectroscopy using different electron‐blocking and ion‐blocking electrode systems. Measurements were carried out between 160 K and 550 K depending on the respective sample. Bulk and grain boundary contributions and the influence of sample preparation are discussed. Typical values for the ionic conductivities at room temperature are in the range 10–7 to 10–5 S· cm–1 and at 500 K between 10–6 and 10–3 S· cm–1. Thermal activation energies are in the range 0.16 to 0.56 eV. The electronic conductivity at room temperature was measured by polarization measurements for the samples Li6PS5X (X: Cl, Br) and was shown to be in the order of magnitude of 10–8 S· cm–1. Chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium were calculated based on the polarization measurements. For Li6PS5Br a high value of 3.5 × 10–6 cm2·s–1 was found.
Increasing breeding behaviors in a captive colony of Northern Bald Ibis through conspecific acoustic enrichment
Authors: Clark J. Alan , Haseley Alison , Van Genderen Garry , Hofling Mark , Clum Nancy J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study was to increase reproductive behaviors in a captive colony of Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) at the Bronx Zoo. The Northern Bald Ibis is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN, with only about 100 known breeding pairs in the wild. Our analysis of zoo breeding and colony size data confirmed earlier observations that small captive colonies of this species do not breed as well as larger colonies, possibly because of insufficient social cues. Using principles from social facilitation theory, we attempted to provide such social cues by presenting acoustic enrichment in the form of conspecific breeding vocalization playbacks. In May 2009, we tracked multiple breeding behaviors during playbacks and control periods. Although breeding behaviors increased in response to playbacks, the colony produced no eggs. We repeated this experiment in April 2010 using playbacks of higher quality recordings acquired from a semi‐wild breeding colony of Northern Bald Ibis in Austria. Breeding behaviors again increased during playbacks. In addition, five pairs in this colony of 15 birds produced 13 eggs, and six chicks successfully fledged—the first reproductive success in this colony since 2007. The acoustic enrichment techniques we employed may encourage increased breeding activity in captive populations of colonial species as well as wild colonies with small populations. Zoo Biol 31:71;–81, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid or Acyl Ascorbate on the Stability of Catechin in Oil‐In‐Water Emulsion
Authors: Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Takahiro , Nakanishi Hirofumi , Sakuragochi Ayumi , Adachi Shuji 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe degradation of (+)‐catechin in an oil‐in‐water emulsion using methyl dodecanate as an oil phase with or without ascorbic acid or acyl ascorbate was kinetically examined at 40 °C. The rate constant, k, of the first‐order kinetics for the degradation with ascorbic acid or octanoyl ascorbate depended on the added amount, whereas the k value with hexadecanoyl ascorbate was independent of the amount. The k value for a smaller oil droplet with each ascorbate was lower than that for a larger oil droplet. Catechin did not partition well into the methyl dodecanate phase, but did adsorb slightly onto the interface between the methyl dodecanate and water. The suppressive effect of acyl ascorbate on the catechin degradation in the emulsion was lower than that of hydrophilic ascorbic acid at the low concentration, but the peroxidative ability also was lower. Most of the catechin molecules in the emulsion degraded in the water phase. The catechin degradation in the emulsion with small oil droplets depended on the acyl chain length of the ascorbates more than in large oil droplets.
Mitochondrial biology in reproduction
Authors: Cannon Matthew V. , Takeda Kumiko , Pinkert Carl A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMitochondrial biology plays an important role in the reproductive process, with influence on germ cell development and quality as well as embryonic development and reproductive success. This review outlines the role of mitochondrial genetics and function in reproductive biology, including a discussion of general mitochondrial function, genetics and germline transmission. Also highlighted are the mitochondrial morphologic changes that occur during oogenesis and the role these changes play in the mitochondrial bottleneck that influences the distribution of deleterious mitochondrial genomes to offspring. The review covers the influence of mitochondria in embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell biology and development. Lastly, the role of mitochondrial biology in assisted reproductive techniques is discussed.
An immunohistochemical study of metroplastic surgical specimens from patients with a septate uterus
Authors: Makino Tsunehisa , Cai Li‐yi , Izumi Shun‐ichiro , Yasuda Masanori 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurposeTo elucidate the etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss in patients with congenital uterine anomalies, an immunohistochemical technique was used to quantitatively evaluate the vascular arrangement of septate uteri with respect to vascular density and morphology.MethodsNine specimens obtained from patients who had undergone metroplastic surgery for the treatment of a septate uterus and 10 control specimens from patients who had undergone a hysterectomy because of cervical carcinoma were used in this study. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded uterine specimens were then immunostained for CD34, which is specifically expressed in vascular endothelial cells.ResultsThe mean blood vessel count (mean ± SD) for the myometrium was 149.7 ± 22.7/field in the septate uteri and 162.2 ± 36.4/field in the control uteri; these values were not significantly different. However, the total vessel cross‐sectional areas, as evaluated quantitatively using the KS400 image analysis system, were 10350.4 ± 1024.3 μm2/field for the septate uteri and 12002.9 ± 2232.3 μm2/field for the control uteri; these values were significantly different (p < 0.05). The vessel morphology expressed by vessel irregularity and deformity showed a characteristic change in the septate uterus.ConclusionsA significant difference in the distribution of the blood vessels existed between the septate and control uteri, presumably impairing blood flow in the myometrium and the adverse pregnancy outcome.
Application of Radio‐frequency Identification in Perioperative Care
Authors: Ku Hsueh‐Ling , Wang Pa‐Chun , Su Mu‐Chun , Liu Charles C.H. , Hwang Wu‐Yuin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEvery perioperative department could benefit from having an information system that facilitates managerial function and improves efficiency in the OR. The Patient Advancement Monitoring System–Surgical implemented in a hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, is one such a system that uses radio‐frequency identification technology for tracking perioperative care of patients along workflow checkpoints. This web‐based medical information system can facilitate care provided throughout perioperative services by providing instant patient information to staff members in cross‐functional health care teams. Manpower is not wasted on duplicating data entry because the surgical progression is displayed in real time. Satisfaction with the system has been high for both nurses and administrators.
Opening the Doors to the OR: Providing Students With Perioperative Clinical Experiences
Authors: Messina Barbara Ann M. , Ianniciello Joyce M. , Escallier Lori A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor the past two decades, perioperative nurse leaders have written about the need for more perioperative nurses. Only a small percentage of all nurses are perioperative nurses, and within the next five years, it is estimated that nearly 20% of those currently employed will retire while demand for nurses will continue to increase. This is occurring at a time when most nursing schools have eliminated the theoretical content and clinical exposure to a perioperative curriculum. In response to these issues, faculty members at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, in collaboration with perioperative educators, developed programs to provide nursing students and RNs with the opportunity to experience perioperative nursing. We offered senior nursing students a 15‐week clinical practicum and capstone experience at North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, and we offered RNs and students a two‐week introductory OR experience at Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY. We believe these types of programs could offer a partial solution to the perioperative nursing shortage and reduce nurse attrition in the perioperative setting.
Particle boundary layer above and downstream of an area source: scaling, simulations, and pollen transport
Authors: Chamecki Marcelo , Meneveau Charles 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDispersion of small particles emitted from an area source at the surface into a fully developed high-Reynolds-number boundary layer flow is studied as a theoretical model for pollen dispersion in the neutral atmospheric boundary layer. The particle plume above the area source is assumed to behave as a particle concentration boundary layer. Boundary layer scaling and the assumption of self-preservation lead to an analytical solution in the form of a similarity function that has an additional dependence on the ratio of gravitational settling and turbulent diffusion velocities. Similar arguments are used to predict patterns of deposition onto the surface downstream of the source. Theoretical predictions are tested using a suite of large-eddy-simulation numerical experiments, with good agreement. The combined analysis of theoretical and numerical results reveals interesting features in the patterns of downstream deposition, such as non-monotonic trends in isolation distance with particle settling velocity and surprisingly large isolation distances for practically relevant parameter ranges. Possible effects of turbulence on effective settling velocity are highlighted.
Topographies lacking tidal conversion
Authors: Maas Leo R. M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe consensus is that in a stratified sea a classical model of tidal flow over irregular but smooth topography necessarily leads to the generation of internal tides, regardless of the shape of the topography. This is referred to as tidal conversion. Here it is shown, however, that there exists a large class of topographies for which there is neither tidal conversion nor any scattering of incident internal waves. This result is obtained in a uniformly stratified, rigid-lid sea using a barotropic tide that, owing to its large horizontal scale, is supposed to be simply a mass-conserving, periodic back-and-forth flow. The baroclinic response at the tidal frequency is, upon non-dimensionalizing and stretching of coordinates, determined by a standard hyperbolic boundary value problem (BVP). We here solve this hyperbolic BVP by mapping a domain of complicated, yet a priori unknown shape, onto a uniform-depth channel for which the same hyperbolic problem is known to display neither conversion of the barotropic tide nor scattering of internal wave modes. The map achieving this is required to satisfy hyperbolic Cauchy–Riemann equations, defined as analogues of the Cauchy–Riemann equations that are used in solving elliptic problems. Mapping the rigid-lid surface in the original Cartesian frame onto a rigid-lid surface in the transformed frame, this map is solved in terms of one arbitrary function. Each particular function defines a new topographic shape that can be computed a posteriori. The map is unique provided the Jacobian of transformation does not vanish, which is guaranteed for subcritical bottom topography, whose slope is everywhere less than that of the characteristics. For topographies that can thus be mapped onto a channel, tidal conversion and scattering are absent. Examples discussed include the (classical) wedge, a (near-Gaussian) ridge, a continental slope and (near) sinusoidal topographies.
Dynamics of a viscous thread surrounded by another viscous fluid in a cylindrical tube under the action of a radial electric field: breakup and touchdown singularities
Authors: Wang Q. , Papageorgiou D. T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics of a viscous filament surrounded by a second viscous fluid arranged in a core-annular configuration when a radial electric field acts in the annular region, are studied analytically and computationally using boundary element methods. The flow is characterized by the viscosity ratio, an electric Weber number measuring the strength of the electric field, a geometrical parameter measuring the thickness of the undisturbed annular region, as well as a computational parameter that fixes the wavenumber of the undulations. Axisymmetric solutions are computed by direct numerical simulations in the Stokes limit for general values of the parameters when the two fluids have equal viscosities, and an asymptotic theory is carried out to produce a novel evolution equation for thin film dynamics valid when the undisturbed annular thickness is small and the viscosity ratio is of order one. It is established (in agreement with previous computations in the absence of electric fields) that a sufficiently thick annulus enables thread breakup while a sufficiently thin one (approximately one fifth of the undisturbed thread radius for the case of equal viscosities, for instance) suppresses pinching and drives the interface to approach the tube wall asymptotically without actually touching it. The present simulations show that the electric field affects the dynamics drastically in several ways. First, it promotes interfacial wall touchdown in finite time and a comparison between direct simulations and the asymptotic solutions are in fair agreement. Second, the electric field acts to suppress pinching in the sense that solutions that lead to jet breakup due to a thick enough viscous annulus are driven to wall touchdown. When pinching takes place we find that the ultimate pinching solutions are self-similar and recover the non-electrified ones to leading order for the range of parameters studied.
Experimental investigation of longitudinal space–time correlations of the velocity field in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Zhou Quan , Li Chun-Mei , Lu Zhi-Ming , Liu Yu-Lu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report an experimental investigation of the longitudinal space–time cross-correlation function of the velocity field, $C(r, \tau )$, in a cylindrical turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. We show that while Taylor’s frozen-flow hypothesis does not hold in turbulent thermal convection, the recent elliptic model advanced for turbulent shear flows (He & Zhang, Phys. Rev. E, vol. 73, 055303) is valid for the present velocity field for all over the cell, i.e. the isocorrelation contours of the measured $C(r, \tau )$ have an elliptical curve shape and hence $C(r, \tau )$ can be related to $C({r}_{E} , 0)$ via ${ r}_{E}^{2} = (r\ensuremath{-} U\tau )^{2} + {V}^{2} {\tau }^{2} $ with $U$ and $V$ being two characteristic velocities. We further show that the fitted $U$ is proportional to the mean velocity of the flow, but the values of $V$ are larger than the theoretical predictions. Specifically, we focus on two representative regions in the cell: the region near the cell sidewall and the cell’s central region. It is found that $U$ and $V$ are approximately the same near the sidewall, while $U\simeq 0$ at the cell centre.
Effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on clinical outcome in a porcine model on post-operative infection
Authors: Langerhuus Sine Nygaard , Tønnesen Else K. , Jensen Karin H. , Damgaard Birthe M. , Halekoh Ulrich , Lauridsen Charlotte 
Published: August 2011

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) on clinical outcome in a porcine model on early aortic vascular prosthetic graft infection (AVPGI). A total of eighty-four pigs were randomised to a 35 d dietary treatment with 10 % (w/w) fish oil (rich in n-3 LC-PUFA), sunflower oil (rich in n-6 LC-PUFA) or animal fat. After 3 weeks of dietary treatment, the pigs had an aortic vascular prosthetic graft inserted, and it was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (106 colony-forming units). Changes in selected plasma and erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations and in plasma PGE2 metabolite concentration were determined in the 3-week preoperative period. Clinical signs of infection, i.e. rectal temperature, hindquarter function, general appearance and feed intake, were monitored daily in the 14 d post-operative period, and, finally, daily body-weight gain was determined in both periods. The preoperative changes in plasma and erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA concentrations reflected the fatty acid compositions of the dietary treatments given, and plasma PGE2 metabolite concentration decreased in the fish oil treatment (P < 0·001). In the post-operative period, feed intake (P = 0·004) and body-weight gain (P = 0·038) were higher in the fish oil treatment compared with the sunflower oil treatment. The dietary treatments did not affect the number of days pigs were showing fever, weakness in the hindquarters or impaired general appearance. In conclusion, preoperative treatment with dietary fish oil compared with sunflower oil improved clinical outcome in pigs with AVPGI by improving feed intake and body-weight gain post-operatively.
Tracing metabolic routes of dietary carbohydrate and protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using stable isotopes ([13C]starch and [15N]protein): effects of gelatinisation of starches and sustained swimming
Authors: Felip Olga , Ibarz Antoni , Fernández-Borràs Jaume , Beltrán Marta , Martín-Pérez Miguel , Planas Josep V. , Blasco Josefina 
Published: August 2011

Here we examined the use of stable isotopes, [13C]starch and [15N]protein, as dietary tracers to study carbohydrate assimilation and distribution and protein utilisation, respectively, by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The capacity of glucose uptake and use by tissues was studied, first, by varying the digestibility of carbohydrate-rich diets (30 % carbohydrate), using raw starch and gelatinised starch (GS) and, second, by observing the effects of two regimens of activity (voluntary swimming, control; sustained swimming at 1·3 body lengths/s, exercise) on the GS diet. Isotopic ratio enrichment (13C and15N) of the various tissue components (protein, lipid and glycogen) was measured in the liver, muscles, viscera and the rest of the fish at 11 and 24 h after a forced meal. A level of 30 % of digestible carbohydrates in the food exceeded the capacity of rainbow trout to use this nutrient, causing long-lasting hyperglycaemia that raises glucose uptake by tissues, and the synthesis of glycogen and lipid in liver. Total13C recovered 24 h post-feeding in the GS group was lower than at 11 h, indicating a proportional increase in glucose oxidation, although the deposition of lipids in white muscle (WM) increased. Prolonged hyperglycaemia was prevented by exercise, since sustained swimming enhances the use of dietary carbohydrates, mainly through conversion to lipids in liver and oxidation in muscles, especially in red muscle (RM). Higher recoveries of total15N for exercised fish at 24 h, mainly into the protein fraction of both RM and WM, provide evidence that sustained swimming improves protein deposition, resulting in an enhancement of the protein-sparing effect.
UNIVERSAL ENVELOPING ALGEBRAS OF PBW TYPE
Authors: ARDIZZONI ALESSANDRO 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe continue our investigation of the general notion of universal enveloping algebra introduced in [A. Ardizzoni, A Milnor–Moore type theorem for primitively generated braided Bialgebras, J. Algebra 327(1) (2011), 337–365]. Namely, we study a universal enveloping algebra when it is of Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt (PBW) type, meaning that a suitable PBW-type theorem holds. We discuss the problem of finding a basis for a universal enveloping algebra of PBW type: as an application, we recover the PBW basis both of an ordinary universal enveloping algebra and of a restricted enveloping algebra. We prove that a universal enveloping algebra is of PBW type if and only if it is cosymmetric. We characterise braided bialgebra liftings of Nichols algebras as universal enveloping algebras of PBW type.
FRIEZES, STRINGS AND CLUSTER VARIABLES
Authors: ASSEM IBRAHIM , DUPONT GRÉGOIRE , SCHIFFLER RALF , SMITH DAVID 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTo any walk in a quiver, we associate a Laurent polynomial. When the walk is the string of a string module over a 2-Calabi–Yau tilted algebra, we prove that this Laurent polynomial coincides with the corresponding cluster character of the string module up to an explicit normalising monomial factor.
Abundance of primates reveals Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia as a priority area for conservation
Authors: Coudrat C. N. Z. , Rogers L. D. , Nekaris K. A. I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe conducted a primate survey in Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, western Cambodia, during the wet season in 2009. We visually confirmed the presence of five out of six primate species thought to occur in the area: Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis, Indochinese silvered langur Trachypithecus germaini, pileated gibbon Hylobates pileatus, pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina and long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis. We did not find any sign of the stump-tailed macaque Macaca arctoides and suggest it is absent in Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary and possibly from the Cardamom Mountains. We provide the abundance measures for each primate species; the three most abundant species were Bengal slow loris, Indochinese silvered langur and pileated gibbon. We propose Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary as a priority for primate conservation in Cambodia.