bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal patterns of water availability in a grass–shrub ecotone and implications for grassland recovery in arid environments
Authors: Duniway Michael C. , Snyder Keirith A. , Herrick Jeffrey E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEncroachment of woody shrubs into historic desert grasslands is a major problem throughout the world. Conversion of grasslands to shrub‐dominated systems may result in significant alteration of biogeochemical processes and reduced resource availability in shrub interspaces, making grassland recovery difficult. Soil petrocalcic horizons, which are common in arid and semi‐arid regions globally, have been shown to dramatically alter plant water availability. To assess how soil water dynamics are affected by woody encroachment in petrocalcic soils under contrasting precipitation patterns, we conducted a 3‐year replicated study in a mixed shrub–grass system measuring soil water in unvegetated interspaces and under mesquite canopies. Plots were instrumented with time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) moisture probes, both above and within the soil petrocalcic horizon. Soils under both cover types maintained large increases in available water content for several months during a wetter than normal winter and summer (increases of 0·08–0·16 m3m−3). Interspace soils absorbed significantly greater quantities of water during the winter and retained more water into the spring than soils under shrubs. In contrast, soils under shrubs initially absorbed greater volumes of water during and following summer rains. Differing seasonal dynamics were attributed to interactions between the unique properties of soils with petrocalcic horizons and canopy‐induced variability in evapotranspiration. Observed patterns of plant‐available water do not support the hypothesis of greater resource availability under shrubs. Similar or greater water availability in shrub interspaces indicates that concentration of soil water under shrubs may not be a process limiting grass recovery on these soils. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Properties of Metalloporphyrins Annulated to Exocyclic Imidazole and Imidazolium Rings
Authors: Lefebvre Jean‐François , Leclercq Dominique , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Richeter Sébastien 
Published: February 2010

Abstractmeso‐Tetraarylporphyrin complexes (M = Ni, Cu, Zn, H2) fused to an imidazole ring across two neighboring β‐pyrrolic positions were synthesized through a cyclization reaction between β,β′‐diaminoporphyrins and formic acid or trimethyl orthoformate under acidic conditions. Two synthetic procedures were used to obtain the corresponding porphyrin N,N′‐dimethylimidazolium salts derivatives: alkylation of the imidazole nitrogen atoms with iodomethane and the cyclization reaction between the porphyrin bearing two neighboring β‐N‐methyl groups and trimethyl orthoformate in the presence of ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The electrochemical properties of these porphyrins annulated to an imidazole/imidazolium ring have been investigated by cyclic and rotating disk voltammetry.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes with 2‐substituted benzoxazole ligands
Authors: Samota Mahesh Kumar , Seth Gita 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and antimicrobial activity of palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes derived from heterocyclic bidentate ligands, namely 2‐(2′‐aminophenyl)benzoxazole [L1H2], 2‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole [L2H], and 2‐(2′‐mercaptophenyl)benzoxazole [L3H], are reported here. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, conductance measurements, infrared, 1H NMR, and electronic spectral studies. The resulting colored complexes are monomeric in nature. On the basis of above‐described studies, square‐planar geometry has been suggested for the resulting complexes. The ligands and their metal complexes were tested against certain microorganisms to assess their antimicrobial properties. The results indicate that the metal complexes are found more active than the parent ligands. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:44–50, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20578
Diffusion of drugs from hydrogels and liposomes as drug carriers
Authors: Pjanović Rada , Bošković‐Vragolović Nevenka , Veljković‐Giga Jelena , Garić‐Grulović Radmila , Pejanović Srdjan , Bugarski Branko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The mass transfer of model drugs Lidocaine hydrochloride and Dihydroquercetin from hydrogels (the usual carriers for topical drugs), and hydrogels containing liposomes, as novel drug vehicles, was studied. Diffusion experiments were performed using a Franz diffusion cell. Experimental data were used to calculate drug diffusion coefficients across membranes, and their effective diffusion coefficients from hydrogels and liposome containing hydrogels. For the first time the diffusion resistance of all drug carriers was determined from corresponding diffusion coefficients.The main aim of this work was the study of drug diffusion coefficients from liposomes and their comparison with related diffusion coefficients from hydrogels to find how liposomes contribute to prolonged and controlled drug release.RESULTS: Drug diffusion coefficients were: 1.38 · 10−8m2 s−1 for Lidocaine hydrochloride and 5.96 · 10−9m2 s−1 for Dihydroquercetin, while corresponding effective diffusion coefficients from hydrogels were: 7.82 · 10−10m2 s−1 and 7.98 · 10−10m2 s−1, respectively. Effective diffusion coefficients from liposome‐containing hydrogels were:4.82 · 10−10m2 s−1 (Lidocaine hydrochloride) and 4.305 · 10−10m2 s−1 (Dihydroquercetin). Diffusion resistances for the two hydrogels were almost the same. Very similar values of diffusion resistances for all liposome dispersions were obtained.CONCLUSION: Calculated diffusion coefficients and resistances demonstrate that liposomes, as drug carriers, significantly affect diffusion rates. The results obtained could be used whenever diffusion‐controlled drug release is required. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of plant polyphenols on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in dried forages at different phenological stages: in vitro study
Authors: Cabiddu Andrea , Salis Lorenzo , Tweed John KS , Molle Giovanni , Decandia Mauro , Lee Michael RF 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: It is known that forage legumes show a higher transfer efficiency of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to ruminant dairy products in comparison with grasses. Legumes are usually characterised by moderate levels of plant secondary metabolites, which can have an effect on lipolysis and biohydrogenation in the rumen. An in vitro study was carried out to compare two species with different plant phenol compositions, Vicia sativa (VS, common vetch, cv. Jose) and Trifolium incarnatum (TI, crimson clover, cv. Viterbo) cut at the vegetative (Veg) and reproductive (Rep) stages, on lipolysis and PUFA biohydrogenation in the rumen.RESULTS: The study showed that forage species and phenological stage affected the levels of bound phenols (BP) and tannic polyphenols (TP). VS was characterised by a higher level of TP than TI at both Veg and Rep stages, whereas BP levels were low in both forages. BP and TP had a negative effect on lipolysis and biohydrogenation, but TP showed a greater negative correlation than BP for both forages.CONCLUSION: These results showed that lipolysis and biohydrogenation of PUFA could be affected by plant phenols, particularly TP. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbial inhibitory and radical scavenging activities of cold‐pressed terpeneless Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) oil in different dispersing agents
Authors: Chalova Vesela I , Crandall Philip G , Ricke Steven C 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Due to their low solubility in water, oil‐based bioactive compounds require dispersion in a surface‐active agent or appropriate solvents to ensure maximum contact with microorganisms. These combinations, however, may change their physical and/or chemical characteristics and consequently alter the desired functionality. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of selected dispersing agents, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Tween‐80, on cold‐pressed terpeneless (CPT) Valencia orange oil to function as a free radical scavenger and an antimicrobial food additive.RESULTS: When dissolved in ethanol or DMSO, the orange oil fraction had similar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19 115 (0.3% and 0.25% v/v respectively), which were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.5) than the MIC for Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14 028 (1% v/v). Both ethanol and DMSO oil dispersion systems exhibited an intermediate MIC (0.75% v/v) for Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The orange oil (up to 3%) in an aqueous solution of 0.1% Tween‐80 yielded no inhibitory activities against any of the test bacteria. However, the 1% natural orange oil dispersed in Tween‐80 exhibited 56.86% 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition versus 18.37% and 16.60% when the same level of orange oil was dissolved in DMSO or ethanol, respectively. At the same orange oil concentration, the oil/Tween‐80 suspension yielded 57.92% neutralization of hydroxyl radicals. This represents 71.37% of the mannitol antioxidant activity, which was used as a positive control.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Tween‐80 is an appropriate dispersing agent only if the antioxidant functionality is desired. If both antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are needed, the CPT Valencia orange oil should be dispersed in either DMSO or ethanol. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of pre‐cure freezing on the profile of volatile compounds during the processing of Iberian hams
Authors: Pérez‐Palacios Trinidad , Ruiz Jorge , Martín Diana , Grau Raúl , Antequera Teresa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: This work was designed to study the effect of pre‐cure freezing of raw thighs from Iberian pigs on the profile of volatile compounds during the processing of hams.RESULTS: Generation of volatile compounds during Iberian ham processing was similar in both pre‐cure frozen and refrigerated hams, the main differences being at the final stage. The levels of 2‐methylbutanal, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 2,3‐butanediol and 2‐heptanol were significantly higher in dry‐cured hams that were pre‐cure frozen than in refrigerated ones, whereas the content of most detected esters was statistically lower in pre‐cure frozen than in refrigerated hams.CONCLUSION: The effect of pre‐cure freezing of Iberian ham on the profile of volatile compounds during ripening was not remarkable. Few differences were found in the final product, which would not greatly modify the aroma and flavour features of the dry‐cured hams. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term follow‐up of children with ovarian cysts diagnosed prenatally
Authors: Ben‐Ami Ido , Kogan Adi , Fuchs Noga , Smorgick Noam , Mendelovic Sonia , Lotan Gagi , Herman Arie , Maymon Ron 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess long‐term outcomes of children who had ovarian cysts diagnosed prenatally.MethodsWe reviewed prenatal records of fetuses diagnosed with ovarian cysts in our ultrasound unit between January 1997 and December 2008. During January–April 2009, those children were invited to our institute for transabdominal pelvic sonographic re‐examination. Demonstration of the uterus and adnexa was required.ResultsTwenty‐one children were diagnosed prenatally with either simple (n = 11) or complex (n = 12) ovarian cysts and treated by either conservative management (n = 13) or surgical intervention (n = 10) postnatally. The ipsilateral ovary was not detected in 8 of 11 children in whom a complex cyst had been detected on the first postnatal scan. Significantly higher rate of ovarian loss was diagnosed when the sonographic appearance of the ovarian cyst was simple on the prenatal scan and complex on the postnatal scan (six of seven) compared with when the ovarian cyst was simple on both scans (one of four, P = 0.04).ConclusionPrenatal detection of complex ovarian cyst might indicate close monitoring in order to alert the need for early intervention for preventing impending ovarian loss. Further researches are needed to empower this study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pairing symmetry in the ferromagnetic superconductor UGe2
Authors: Garcia F. A. , Cabrera G. G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe give an extensive treatment of the pairing symmetry in the ferromagnetic (FM) superconductor UGe2. We show that one can draw important conclusions concerning the superconducting state, considering only the transformation properties of the pairing function, without assumptions about the form of the pairing amplitudes.
Psychosocial working conditions, school sense of coherence and subjective health complaints. A multilevel analysis of ninth grade pupils in the Stockholm area
Authors: Modin Bitte , Östberg Viveca , Toivanen Susanna , Sundell Knut 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis study explores the psychosocial working conditions of 7930 Swedish 9th grade students, distributed over 475 classes and 130 schools, in relation to their subjective health using multilevel modeling. At the individual level, students with “strained” working conditions in school (i.e. those experiencing a high level of demands in combination with a low level of control) demonstrated significantly worse health compared to students in “low‐strain” situations. “Strained” conditions in combination with a weak school‐related sense of coherence were especially unfavourable for health. These findings remained significant when support from teachers, school marks, norm‐breaking behaviours, family‐relations and certain class‐ and school‐contextual conditions were adjusted for. Thus, while demands are an essential part of school work, this study suggests that high levels of control and a strong school‐related sense of coherence can protect against the more detrimental effects on health that high demands at school may cause.
From the Klein–Gordon–Zakharov system to a singular nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Masmoudi Nader , Nakanishi Kenji 
Published: February 2010

In this paper, we continue our investigation of the high-frequency and subsonic limits of the Klein–Gordon–Zakharov system. Formally, the limit system is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. However, for some special case of the parameters going to the limits, some new models arise. The main object of this paper is the derivation of those new models, together with convergence of the solutions along the limits.

Résumé
Dans cet article, on continue l'investigation des limites haute fréquence et subsonique du système de Klein–Gordon–Zakharov. Formellement, le système limite est le système de Schrödinger nonlinéaire. Cependant, pour un cas particulier des paramètres, on trouve un nouveau modèle qui contient un terme singulier. L'objet de ce papier est de donner une dérivation rigoureuse de ce modèle et de montrer la convergence dans l'espace d'énergie.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment for non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva
Authors: Ruan Liming , Xie Zhenwei , Wang Huiyun , Jiang Jingyi , Shi Haiyan , Xu Jian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment in patients with non‐neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva.MethodWe reviewed 41 cases of lichen sclerosus, 38 cases of squamous cell hyperplasia, and 17 mixed cases treated by HIFU from April 2004 to July 2008 at the Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Biopsy specimens were assessed with light microscopy before and after treatment.ResultsPruritus and signs of vulvar lesions were dramatically improved following HIFU treatment, without severe complications, and 90.23% of the patients were cured or had their symptoms improved 6 months after treatment. On light microscopy, pigmentation and epithelial structures were recovered and dermal lymphocytic infiltration was reduced. The response rates were lower and complication rates higher among lichen sclerosus than among squamous cell hyperplasia cases (P < 0.05 for both).ConclusionTreatment with HIFU may be safe and effective in cases of vulvar dystrophy.
Fundamental indexing around the world
Authors: Walkshäusl Christian , Lobe Sebastian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUsing an international sample from 1982 to 2008, we investigate the performance of global and 50 country‐specific (28 developed and 22 emerging) fundamentally weighted portfolios compared to capitalization‐weighted portfolios. First, we establish that superior performance of domestic portfolios diminishes considerably when applying a bootstrap procedure for robust performance testing. Second, after controlling for data snooping biases and the value premium, we find evidence of outperforming global fundamental indexes, but no compelling evidence of outperforming country‐specific indexes.
Fritillaria ragusinasp. nov., a new species of Appendicularia (Tunicata) from the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Garić Rade , Batistić Mirna 
Published: February 2010

A new species of appendicularian,Fritillaria ragusina, is described from specimens collected between the surface and 300 m depth at three stations in the open south Adriatic Sea (north-eastern Mediterranean).Fritillaria ragusinais characterized by a broad trunk–tail connection created by a wide tail fin in the initial part of the tail, sloping shoulders of the tail fin, broad tail musculature, multiple fusiform amphichordal cells along the edge of the tail musculature and small size at sexual maturity (maximum recorded trunk length of 445 µm and maximum recorded tail length of 960 µm). Maximum abundance, 2.4 ind m−3, was found within the 0–50 m layer.
Selection of Apis mellifera workers by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor using host cuticular hydrocarbons
Authors: PICCOLO F. DEL , NAZZI F. , VEDOVA G. DELLA , MILANI N. 
Published: February 2010

SUMMARYThe parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is the most important threat for apiculture in most bee-keeping areas of the world. The mite is carried to the bee brood cell, where it reproduces, by a nurse bee; therefore the selection of the bee stage by the parasite could influence its reproductive success. This study investigates the role of the cuticular hydrocarbons of the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) in host-selection by the mite. Preliminary laboratory bioassays confirmed the preference of the varroa mite for nurse bees over pollen foragers. GC-MS analysis of nurse and pollen bees revealed differences in the cuticular hydrocarbons of the two stages; in particular, it appeared that pollen bees have more (Z)-8-heptadecene than nurse bees. Laboratory experiments showed that treatment of nurse bees with 100 ng of the pure compound makes them repellent to the varroa mite. These results suggest that the mite can exploit the differences in the cuticular composition of its host for a refined selection that allows it to reach a brood cell and start reproduction. The biological activity of the alkene encourages further investigations for the development of novel control techniques based on this compound.
Some Studies on Circadian Rhythm in the Culture of Omphalina Quelet sp. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) A Mycobiont of an Unidentified Basidiolichen
Authors: Kalangutkar Jyoti , Kamat Nandkumar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the discovery of circadian rhythm in Omphalina Quelet, in pure culture under laboratory conditions. The species was collected as a mycobiont from an unidentified basidiolichen.
Measurement of the temperature and the resistivity of an impulse arc in variable-pressure CO2
Authors: A Robledo-Martinez  , H Sobral  , A Ruiz-Meza  
Published: February 2010

In the text (in the last sentences of sections 4 and 5) we incorrectly quoted a yield of 1.16 × 1013molecules J -1for CO production. The correct figure is 2.7 × 1018molecules J -1. This shows that CO2experienced dissociation, and a corresponding CO formation, at a rate that is comparable to that found by other researchers (e.g. [18]).Reference[18] Levine J S, Gregory G L, Harvey G A, Howell W E, Borucki W J and Orville R E1982Geophys. Res. Lett.9893–6
Assessment of compatibility of ICRF antenna operation with full W wall in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Bobkov Vl.V. , Braun F. , Dux R. , Herrmann A. , Giannone L. , Kallenbach A. , Krivska A. , Müller H.W. , Neu R. , Noterdaeme J.-M. , Pütterich T. , Rohde V. , Schweinzer J. , Sips A. , Zammuto I. 
Published: February 2010

The compatibility of ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) antenna operation with high-Z plasma facing components is assessed in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) with its tungsten (W) first wall.
The mechanism of ICRF-related W sputtering was studied by various diagnostics including the local spectroscopic measurements of W sputtering yield Y
W on antenna limiters. Modification of one antenna with triangular shields, which cover the locations where long magnetic field lines pass only one out of two (0π)-phased antenna straps, did not influence the locally measured Y
W values markedly. In the experiments with antennas powered individually, poloidal profiles of Y
W on limiters of powered antennas show high Y
W close to the equatorial plane and at the very edge of the antenna top. The Y
W-profile on an unpowered antenna limiter peaks at the location projecting to the top of the powered antenna.
An interpretation of the Y
W measurements is presented, assuming a direct link between the W sputtering and the sheath driving RF voltages deduced from parallel electric near-field (E
||) calculations and this suggests a strong E
|| at the antenna limiters. However, uncertainties are too large to describe the Y
W poloidal profiles.
In order to reduce ICRF-related rise in W concentration C
W, an operational approach and an approach based on calculations of parallel electric fields with new antenna designs are considered. In the operation, a noticeable reduction in Y
W and C
W in the plasma during ICRF operation with W wall can be achieved by (a) increasing plasma–antenna clearance; (b) strong gas puffing; (c) decreasing the intrinsic light impurity content (mainly oxygen and carbon in AUG). In calculations, which take into account a realistic antenna geometry, the high E
|| fields at the antenna limiters are reduced in several ways: (a) by extending the antenna box and the surrounding structures parallel to the magnetic field; (b) by increasing the average strap–box distance, e.g. by increasing the number of toroidally distributed straps; (c) by a better balance of (0π)-phased contributions to RF image currents.