bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi‐allelic deletions within 13q14 and transient trisomy 21 with absence of GATA1s in pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Authors: Massaro Stephanie A. , Bajaj Renu , Pashankar Farzana D. , Ornstein Deborah , Gallagher Patrick G. , Krause Diane S. , Li Peining 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization, karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were employed to delineate the cytogenetic abnormalities in a case of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Here we present a unique genetic profile that includes bi‐allelic deletions within 13q14, where the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene (RB1) resides, as well as isolated trisomy 21 without a concomitant mutation in the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1s and translocation (17;22), that does not involve the megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) gene located on chromosome 22. Alteration of the RB1 gene is most likely the critical leukemogenic event in this patient. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 516–519. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid Separation and Identification of Anthocyanins from Flowers of Viola yedoensis and V. prionantha by High‐performance Liquid Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection–Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Liang‐Sheng , Gao Jin‐Ming , Xu Yan‐Jun , Li Lian‐Fang , Li Chong‐Hui 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionAnthocyanins are important plant secondary metabolites. They show strong antioxidant activities and have potential as anti‐cancer agents. Viola yedoensis and V. prionantha are traditional Chinese medicines and ornamental plants. However, the anthocyanin compositions of these two species are still unresolved.ObjectiveTo develop a rapid and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and identification of anthocyanins from V. yedoensis and V. prionantha.MethodologySamples were extracted in methanol–water–formic acid–TFA (70:27:2:1, v/v). HPLC analysis was done on a C18 column (TSK‐GEL ODS‐80Ts: 150 × 4.6 mm i.d.). Four solvent systems were tested to optimise the separation of anthocyanins using different gradient separation systems. HPLC‐photodiode array detection (DAD) coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) was used to carry out the comprehensive characterisation of anthocyanins.ResultsFourteen anthocyanins were characterised within 40 min with satisfactory peak resolution by a gradient composed of 10% aqueous formic acid and formic acid–acetonitrile–water (10:40:50, v/v). The calibration curve showed an excellent linear regression (r2 = 0.9995) and low intra‐ and inter‐day variations (RSD < 3.67%). The detected anthocyanins derived from Dp, Cy, Pt, Mv and Pn, could be divided into three groups: non‐acylated glycosides, acetylglycosides and coumaroylglycosides. Anthocyanins distribution exhibited remarkable differences in aglycone levels and acylation patterns.ConclusionThe optimised method was successfully applied for the analysis of 14 anthocyanins from V. yedoensis and V. prionantha. The identification of anthocyanin constitutions is valuable for breeding and will open up new prospects for their medicinal application. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of the oxidative stress response induced by hydrogen peroxide and paraquat reveals a novel AhpC‐like protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hare Nathan J. , Scott Nichollas E. , Shin Eun Hye H. , Connolly Angela M. , Larsen Martin R. , Palmisano Giuseppe , Cordwell Stuart J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous pathogen most typically associated with wound infections, but also the main cause of mortality in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). The ability to adapt to oxidative stress associated with host immune defense may be one mechanism by which P. aeruginosa establishes infection in the cystic fibrosis lung and eventually out‐competes other pathogenic bacteria to persist into chronic infection. We utilized a proteomics approach to identify the proteins associated with the oxidative stress response of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to hydrogen peroxide and superoxide‐inducing paraquat. 2‐DE and MS allowed for the identification of 59 and 58 protein spots that were statistically significantly altered following H2O2 and paraquat treatment, respectively. We observed a unique mass and pI pattern for alkylhydroperoxide reductase C (AhpC) that was replicated by hypothetical protein PA3529 following treatment with 10 mM H2O2. AhpC belongs to the 2‐Cys peroxiredoxin family and is a redox enzyme responsible for removing peroxides in bacterial cells. MS analysis showed that PA3529 was altered by the formation of a dimer via a disulfide bond in a manner analogous to that known for AhpC, and by cysteine overoxidation to Cys‐sulfonic acid (SO3H) postoxidative stress. PA3529 is therefore a functional AhpC paralog expressed under H2O2 stress. Following paraquat‐induced oxidative stress, we also observed the overabundance and likely oxidative modification of a second hypothetical antioxidant protein (PA3450) that shares sequence similarity with 1‐Cys peroxiredoxins. Other induced proteins included known oxidative stress proteins (superoxide dismutase and catalase), as well as those involved in iron acquisition (siderophore biosynthesis and receptor proteins FpvA and FptA) and hypothetical proteins, including others predicted to be antioxidants (PA0848). These data suggest that P. aeruginosa contains a plethora of novel antioxidant proteins that contribute to its increased resistance against oxidative stress.
LOPA onions: Peeling back the outer layers
Authors: Wasileski Robert F. , Henselwood Fred 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLayer of protection analysis (LOPA) has quickly gained acceptance in the chemical processing industries and has risen to be one of the leading risk assessment techniques used for process safety studies. LOPA generally uses more rigor and science than what is encountered with qualitative risk assessments, while still not becoming overly onerous when compared with detailed quantitative risk assessments. In the interest of balancing time and resources against science and accuracy, certain tradeoffs and assumptions are made within the LOPA assessment. In turn, these tradeoffs and assumptions can lead to inaccurate conclusions.For example, one issue that arises is with the treatment of protection layers associated with mitigation of consequences. LOPA teams have a choice to account for mitigation layers in the consequence assignment or alternatively treat these layers as independent protection layers (IPLs). Although this may appear to be an inconsequential decision, it can in fact result in very different conclusions. In the course of treating mitigation layers as IPLs, organizations must ensure the necessary inspection, testing, and preventive maintenance practices are in place for these layers. Furthermore, recognizing this dichotomy in treatment, one can also show that these mitigation layers should be designed so as to achieve a balance between consequence reduction and desired reliability.This article discusses alternative treatments of risk mitigation layers that are commonly applied by LOPA teams and demonstrates their impacts through case studies. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011
Primary reformer tubes failure due to corrosion attack
Authors: Turi Iftikhar H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor the last 30 years, reformer tubes are gone through numerous changes in manufacturing processes and material of construction to improve performance and reliability. To increase plant throughout Qatar Fertilizer Company replaced the old HK40 tubes with HP modified alloy but within 24 months of operation, unexpected corrosion attack was observed on some of the reformer tubes. In this article, the potential root cause of the tube damage and remediation actions has been discussed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011.
Germination responses of three grassland species differ between native and invasive origins
Authors: Beckmann Michael , Bruelheide Helge , Erfmeier Alexandra 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe germination stage is critical in plant life‐history and is also a key process during the expansion of species’ ranges into new environments. In this study we investigated the germination patterns of three plant species (Achillea millefolium,Hieracium pilosellaandHypericum perforatum) that are invasive to New Zealand (NZ) and native to Central Europe. We asked whether the species show differences in germination temperature requirements, germination speed and maximum germination rates, and thus, whether they display evidence of adaptation to different conditions in the invasive range. Seeds from three populations per species and region were subjected to three different temperature regimes to compare germination rates among origins and across temperature conditions. ForAchillea millefoliumandHypericum perforatum, germination rates were significantly higher for invasive NZ provenances than for native German ones. Seeds from invasive populations of all three species displayed increased maximum germination at medium temperature conditions when compared to native populations, which indicates altered germination strategies in the invaded range. Changes in temporal development patterns were most conspicuous for invasiveHieracium pilosellaandHypericum perforatumpopulations. These findings imply that adaptation in germination patterns towards different climatic conditions in invasive populations has occurred. Our study emphasises the importance of the germination stage during plant invasion and its role in explaining range expansion of these species.
Effect of Some Transition Metals on the Monolayer Oxidation of Methyl Linoleate
Authors: Koprucuoglu Yasemin , Calikoglu Eda , Tekin Aziz , Hammond Earl G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMethyl linoleate was deposited as a monolayer on a silica gel control and on silica gel supplemented with double or quadruple the control's amount of the transition metal ions (TMI) iron, copper, vanadium or titanium. The treatments were oxidized at 25 °C, and periodically samples were examined for peroxide values (PV) and by gas chromatography for oxidation products (GC). Comparison of the treatments revealed that: Surface oxidation on silica gel owes its high rate to TMI, which may speed free radical initiation. Epoxidation is catalyzed by the presence of vanadium and titanium. Scission products (SP) and unrecovered mass increased with the extent of oxidation probably because of increased free radical life time.
Impact of high-temperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance
Authors: SHAH F. , HUANG J. , CUI K. , NIE L. , SHAH T. , CHEN C. , WANG K. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe predicted 2–4°C increment in temperature by the end of the 21st Century poses a threat to rice production. The impact of high temperatures at night is more devastating than day-time or mean daily temperatures. Booting and flowering are the stages most sensitive to high temperature, which may sometimes lead to complete sterility. Humidity also plays a vital role in increasing the spikelet sterility at increased temperature. Significant variation exists among rice germplasms in response to temperature stress. Flowering at cooler times of day, more pollen viability, larger anthers, longer basal dehiscence and presence of long basal pores are some of the phenotypic markers for high-temperature tolerance. Protection of structural proteins, enzymes and membranes and expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) are some of the biochemical processes that can impart thermo-tolerance. All these traits should be actively exploited in future breeding programmes for developing heat-resistant cultivars. Replacement of heat-sensitive cultivars with heat-tolerant ones, adjustment of sowing time, choice of varieties with a growth duration allowing avoidance of peak stress periods, and exogenous application of plant hormones are some of the adaptive measures that will help in the mitigation of forecast yield reduction due to global warming.
The Problematic Past in the Work of Charles Sheeler, 1917–1927
Authors: CORBETT DAVID PETERS 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article examines the place of the past in Charles Sheeler's photographs and paintings made in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, around 1917, in New York City during the 1920s, and in the short film of New York, Manhatta (1921), which he made with the photographer Paul Strand. It situates these works in the context of the scholarship on Sheeler and on the art of New York in the early twentieth century, in particular that of the Ashcan School and of visual representation which attends to the architectural fabric of the city in preference to depicting its inhabitants. The article argues that although the scholarship has identified Sheeler's interest in making connections with the American past, it has not recognized the fraught nature of that relationship. By looking at the Doylestown and New York pictures, the analysis demonstrates how the problematic status of the past for Sheeler appears in these works as hauntings and absences.
Moving-mesh hydrodynamics with the AREPO code
Authors: Springel Volker 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAt present, hydrodynamical simulations in computational star formation are either carried out with Eulerian mesh-based approaches or with the Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. Both methods differ in their strengths and weaknesses, as well as in their error properties. It would be highly desirable to find an intermediate discretization scheme that combines the accuracy advantage of mesh-based methods with the automatic adaptivity and Galilean invariance of SPH. Here we briefly describe the novel AREPO code which achieves these goals based on a moving unstructured mesh defined by the Voronoi tessellation of a set of discrete points. The mesh is used to solve the hyperbolic conservation laws of ideal hydrodynamics with a finite volume approach, based on a second-order unsplit Godunov scheme with an exact Riemann solver. A particularly powerful feature is that the mesh-generating points can in principle be moved arbitrarily. If they are given the velocity of the local flow, an accurate Lagrangian formulation of continuum hydrodynamics is obtained that features a very low numerical diffusivity and is free of mesh distortion problems. If the points are kept fixed, the scheme is equivalent to a Eulerian code on a structured mesh. The new AREPO code appears especially well suited for problems such as gravitational fragmentation or compressible turbulence.
Radiative Transfer Simulations of Infrared Dark Clouds
Authors: Pavlyuchenkov Yaroslav , Wiebe Dmitry , Fateeva Anna , Vasyunina Tatiana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe determination of prestellar core structure is often based on observations of (sub)millimeter dust continuum. However, recently the Spitzer Space Telescope provided us with IR images of many objects not only in emission but also in absorption. We developed a technique to reconstruct the density and temperature distributions of protostellar objects based on radiation transfer (RT) simulations both in mm and IR wavelengths. Best-fit model parameters are obtained with the genetic algorithm. We apply the method to two cores of Infrared Dark Clouds and show that their observations are better reproduced by a model with an embedded heating source despite the lack of 70 μm emission in one of these cores. Thus, the starless nature of massive cores can only be established with the careful case-by-case RT modeling.
Carnitine Deficiency Increases Susceptibility to Bupivacaine-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Wong Gail K. , Crawford Mark W. 
Published: April 2011

Background
Anecdotal reports suggest that carnitine deficiency increases susceptibility to bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. Bupivacaine inhibits lipid-based respiration in myocardial mitochondria via inhibition of acylcarnitine exchange in rats. The authors hypothesized that carnitine deficiency increases susceptibility to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats and that acute repletion with L-carnitine reverses this effect.

Methods
Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups. Rats assigned to the L-carnitine-deficient and L-carnitine-replete groups received subcutaneous D-carnitine on the 10 d before the experiment to induce L-carnitine deficiency. Control rats received an equal volume of subcutaneous normal saline. The rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Bupivacaine was infused intravenously at a rate of 2.0 mg · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹ until asystole occurred. The L-carnitine-replete group received intravenous L-carnitine 100 mg · kg⁻¹ immediately before bupivacaine infusion. At asystole, blood was sampled to measure bupivacaine concentration. The primary outcome was time to asystole.

Results
L-carnitine deficiency significantly decreased survival duration (P < 0.0001). Time to bupivacaine-induced asystole decreased by 22% (P < 0.05) in the L-carnitine-deficient group (847 s [787-898]) (median [interquartile range]) compared with controls (1,082 s [969-1,427]). Intravenous administration of L-carnitine completely reversed the reduction in time to asystole. At asystole, the median plasma bupivacaine concentration in the L-carnitine-deficient group was 38% (P < 0.05) less than that in control animals. Plasma bupivacaine concentration was similar in L-carnitine-replete and control animals.

Conclusions
Carnitine deficiency increased sensitivity to bupivacaine-induced asystole, an effect that was reversed completely by L-carnitine repletion. This study suggests that carnitine deficiency may predispose to bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. L-carnitine may have a protective role against bupivacaine cardiotoxicity.
Propofol Enhances Memory Formation via an Interaction with the Endocannabinoid System
Authors: Hauer Daniela , Ratano Patrizia , Morena Maria , Scaccianoce Sergio , Briegel Isabel , Palmery Maura , Cuomo Vincenzo , Roozendaal Benno , Schelling Gustav , Campolongo Patrizia 
Published: April 2011

Background
Propofol is associated with postoperative mood alterations and induces a higher incidence of dreaming compared with other general anesthetics. These effects might be mediated by propofol's inhibitory action on fatty acid amide hydrolase, the enzyme that degrades the endocannabinoid anandamide. Because propofol is also associated with a higher incidence of traumatic memories from perioperative awareness and intensive care unit treatment and the endocannabinoid system is involved in regulating memory consolidation of emotional experiences, the authors investigated whether propofol, at anesthetic doses, modulates memory consolidation via an activation of the endocannabinoid system.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on an inhibitory avoidance task in which they received an inescapable foot shock upon entering the dark compartment of the apparatus. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally immediately or 30, 90, or 180 min after training. On the retention test 48 h later, the latency to reenter the dark compartment was recorded and taken as a measure of memory retention.

Results
The anesthetic doses of propofol administered after training significantly increased latencies of 48-h inhibitory avoidance performance (483.4 ± 181.3, 432.89 ± 214.06, 300 and 350 mg/kg, respectively; mean ± SD) compared with the corresponding vehicle group (325.33 ± 221.22, mean ± SD), which is indicative of stronger memory consolidation in propofol treated rats. Administration of a nonimpairing dose of the cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant blocked the memory enhancement induced by propofol (123.39 ± 133.10, mean ± SD). Delayed administration of propofol 90 and 180 min after training or immediate posttraining administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam or the barbiturate pentobarbital did not significantly alter retention.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that propofol, in contrast to other commonly used sedatives, enhances emotional memory consolidation when administered immediately after a stressful event by enhancing endocannabinoid signaling.
The determination of amino acids composition of the traditional food Potentilla anserina L. root by high‐performance liquid chromatography via fluorescent detection and mass spectrometry
Authors: Xia Lian , You Jinmao 
Published: April 2011

SummaryIn this study, we developed a method of liquid chromatography with fluoresce detector (LC‐FLD) and on‐line mass spectrometry identification (MSI) using 2‐[2‐(7H‐dibenzo [a, g] carbazol‐7‐yl)‐ethoxy] ethyl chloroformate (DBCEC‐Cl) as pre‐column derivatisation reagent for determination of the amino acids (AAs) in Potentilla anserina L. Separation of the derivatised AA exhibited a good baseline resolution in combination with a gradient elution. All AA derivatives give excellent linear responses with correlation coefficients of >0.9992. The detection limits of each AA were 2.60–24.3 fmol. Eighteen AAs, involving seven essential AAs, were detected in Potentilla anserina L. Quantitative recoveries of the AAs from the Potentilla anserina L. were 84–107%, and the relative standard deviation values were <1.45%. The established method in this study was sensitive and precision enough to separate and quantify AA composition of Potentilla anserina L. Good compositional data were obtained from the analysis of the AAs obtained from Potentilla anserina L. root.
Production of structured lipids containing conjugated linolenic acid: optimisation by response surface methodology
Authors: Elibal Begum , Suzen H. Funda , Aksoy H. Ayse , Ustun Guldem , Tuter Melek 
Published: April 2011

SummaryStructured lipids containing conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) were produced separately by enzymatic acidolysis reaction of corn and canola oils (CAO) with bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L) seed oil fatty acids [bitter gourd seed oil fatty acids (BGFA)]. Reactions were conducted using a commercial immobilised sn‐1,3‐specific lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa (Lipozyme TL IM) in hexane. The effects of reaction time, substrate molar ratio, temperature and enzyme amount on incorporation yield of CLNA were investigated and optimised by response surface methodology with three‐level, two‐factor face‐centred cube design. When reactions were conducted using 10% enzyme for 3 h, the optimum reaction conditions were found for corn oil (CO) as 53.5 °C and 5.9:1 BGFA/CO molar ratio. At these conditions, the incorporation of CLNA into CO was determined as 41.4%. However, CLNA incorporation into CAO was resulted as 37% at optimum conditions which were 54.2 °C and 6.8:1 BGFA/CAO molar ratio.