bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study on more recent heat wave occurred in South Africa, based on background weather synoptic and dynamic characteristics analysis
Authors: Fazel-Rastgar Farahnaz , Sivakumar Venkataraman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of the more recent heat wave episode in South Africa during January 2023. The evaluation of several meteorological parameters using different reanalysis models and observational datasets have demonstrated that the domination of the anticyclonic pattern over the study area associated with a omega-blocking high. The dominant subtropical Botswana subtropical high along with the low-level omega blocking high pressure over South Africa is one of the main factors for the abnormally hot weather event. The upper-level anomaly wind analysis illustrates the weakening of the zonal wind accompanied by the Rossby waves meridionally stretching. Also, this is correlated to abnormal both tropical easterly and southern westerly jets meandering around an omega-blocking pattern weather system over South Africa which causes warm air mass trapping over the study region. The outcome model results prove the anomalies of the surface higher temperature happened close to the center of the blocking high, where an intensified southward shift of the easterly tropical jet along with the northward shift (jet entrance) of an intensified westerly jet formed two strong cores creating confluent. This research also shows that the January heat wave is demonstrated by an anomalous upper tropospheric anticyclonic inflow (southern hemisphere) causing the strong subsidence, resulting in the surface temperature increase. In comparison with the heat wave event in January 2016, the current study displays the high impact of the internal and local dynamical processes. Also, the current case study addressed in drier condition with less health risk than the previous case study noticed in 2016.
Computing Optimal Mitigation Plans for Force-Majeure Scenarios in Dynamic Manufacturing Chains
Authors: Ackermann Heiner , Diessel Erik , Helmling Michael , Jami Neil , Münch Johanna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider force-majeure supply disruptions in a dynamic, multi-product manufacturing supply chain with time-dependent parameters. We present a linear programming model that captures a specific force-majeure scenario with respect to several objective functions that can be combined in a multi-objective framework, e.g., minimization of loss, maximization of shortage-free time, or prioritization of mitigation types. Solving this model yields an optimal mitigation plan that describes how to best (re-)allocate supply and production operations. Supported mitigation options include plant-side safety stock, supplier-side inventories, and additional production thus reflecting the manufacturing setting of a large-scale industrial player. We describe a workflow for increasing the resilience of supply chains based on risk profiles generated by our approach.
Lithium ionic conductivity and structural studies of NASICON structured Li0.4Sr0.3Zr0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3
Authors: Siddiqui Saiqua , Singh Divyanshu , Singh Brajendra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStable solid electrolytes have been the subject of intense research due to the growing demand for energy storage and portable energy sources in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Sodium (NA) super (S) ionic (I) conductor (CON) abbreviated as NASICON are suitable for use as solid electrolytes due to their excellent ionic conductivity and chemical stability. We have reported the effect of partial doping of Sr at Li and Zr4+ at Ti4+ position on the structure and ionic conductivity of composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti2(PO4)3 (LSTP). The composition with formula Li0.4Sr0.3Ti2−xZrx(PO4)3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 2.0) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The phase and crystal structure were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The compositions were in rhombohedral phase with the space group R $$\overline{3}$$

3
¯

c. The doping of Zr4+ in LSTP causes the peaks in the XRD spectra for doped composition (x = 0.5, 2.0) to move towards lower angle. The displacement of the XRD peaks towards lower angle side show the expansion in the lattice of the Zr doped compositions Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 and Li0.4Sr0.3Zr2(PO4)3. The presence of stretching and bending modes of PO4 groups in the prepared compositions was identified by FTIR spectra. The enhanced bulk conductivity of 4.32 × 10–5 S/cm for Zr doped composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 and 3.20 × 10–5 S/cm for composition Li0.4Sr0.3Zr2(PO4)3 is observed at 25 °C. The modulus peaks in the Zr doped composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 is displaced towards higher frequencies at 450 °C, indicating the presence of the thermally produced dielectric relaxation phenomenon and charge carrier hopping. The cole cole plot consisting of one semicircle in case of Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 discusses the contribution of bulk and grain boundary resistances and is fitted by equivalent circuit consisting of CPE and R element joined in parallel.
Climate change and seaports: hazards, impacts and policies and legislation for adaptation
Authors: Asariotis Regina , Monioudi Isavela N. , Mohos Naray Viktoria , Velegrakis Adonis F. , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Mentaschi Lorenzo , Feyen Luc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeaports are critical for global trade and development but are at risk of climate change-driven damages, operational disruptions and delays with extensive related economic losses. The aim of the present contribution is to (a) provide an overview of the main impacts of climate variability and change (CV&C) on ports; (b) present recent research on trends and projections involving the main climatic factors/hazards affecting global ports; (c) provide an analytical overview of emerging international and regional policies and legislation relevant to port risk assessment and resilience-building under climate change; and (d) consider issues and areas for further action. As shown by projections under different climatic scenarios and timelines, many global ports will increasingly be exposed to significantly growing hazards under increasing CV&C, including extreme sea levels (ESLs), waves, and extreme heat events. Depending on scenario (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) by 2050, 55% to 59% of the 3630 global ports considered could face ESLs in excess of 2 m above the baseline mean sea levels (mean of the 1980–2014 period); by 2100, between 71% and 83% of ports could face ESLs of this magnitude. Ports in most tropical/sub-tropical settings will face the baseline (mean of the 1976 – 2005 period) 1-in-100 year extreme heat every 1 – 5 years, whereas with 3oC global warming, most global ports (except some in higher latitudes) could experience the baseline 1-in-100 years extreme heat event every 1 – 2 years. A range of policy and legal instruments to support climate change adaptation, resilience-building and disaster risk reduction have been agreed internationally as well as at regional levels. At the EU level, relevant legal obligations and related normative technical guidance aimed at ensuring the climate proofing of new infrastructure are already in place as a matter of supra-national law for 27 EU Member States. These could significantly enhance levels of climate-resilience and preparedness for ports within the EU, as well as for EU funded port projects in other countries, and may serve as useful examples of good practices for other countries. However, further action is needed to advance and accelerate the implementation of effective adaptation measures for ports across regions.
Evaluation of Different Numerical Approaches to Modeling Flood Flows Over Groynes
Authors: Yildiz Burhan , Ambagts Lindert , Yossef Mohamed F. M. , Mosselman Erik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe hydraulic resistance of groynes is an important factor in the determination of design flood water levels on rivers and the assessment of how much these levels are lowered by modifying the groynes. In standard one‐ or two‐dimensional numerical hydrodynamic models for flood risk management, groynes are commonly represented as subgrid features with a local energy loss according to a weir formula. We tested this representation by using a two‐dimensional horizontal mesh at various groyne submergence degrees by comparing the results with those of flume experiments. We also compared the results with simulations using different 2D and 3D approaches on finer grids that incorporate groynes in the bed topography. In one of the two tested 3D models, complete Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations were solved. The second tested 3D model was constructed simpler by assuming hydrostatic pressure distribution in the vertical direction. We employed Delft3D software in construction and execution of all models. One of the 3D models did predict the hydraulic resistance at low submergence better than the standard model, but it slightly underestimated the resistance at higher submergences. Despite differences in flow characteristics, weirs and groynes were found to produce similar flow resistances for the same height and boundary conditions. Simulations of groyne modifications showed that hydraulic resistance decreased nonlinearly with groyne lowering and streamlining.
Dissecting the Characteristics and Driver Factors on Global Water Use Efficiency Using GLASS Data Sets
Authors: Hu Z. Y. , Dai Q. H. , Yan Y. J. , Zhang Y. , Li H. Y. , Zhou H. , Yao Y. W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEcosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial parameter for understanding the interaction between carbon and water cycles. However, the spatio–temporal evolution and drivers of WUE remain unclear. This study utilized global annual scale global land surface satellite gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration data from 1982 to 2018 to estimate WUE and analyze its spatio–temporal characteristics. Additionally, the study investigated the response of WUE changes to five environmental factors (precipitation [PRE], soil moisture, temperature [TEM], palmer drought severity index, and vapor pressure deficit [VPD]) on WUE changes using partial correlation and structural equation modeling. The results suggested that the global annual WUE increased markedly over the study period, at an average rate of 0.0016 gC m−2 mm−1 H2O year−1. In contrast to the existing knowledge on the drivers of WUE change, climate change was found to have a larger contribution to WUE changes at the global and regional scales, especially in terms of TEM and VPD. A positive correlation between TEM and WUE was observed, but extreme TEM could lead to a decrease in WUE. VPD had the most significant direct effect on WUE, and its negative effect offset the positive influence of TEM especially in hyper‐arid, semi‐arid, and arid regions. These findings offer new insights into the impact of VPD and global warming on WUE.
The Dynamics of CO2‐Driven Granular Flows in Gullies on Mars
Authors: Roelofs Lonneke , Conway Susan J. , van Dam Bas , van Eijk Arjan , Merrison Jonathan P. , Iversen Jens Jacob , Sylvest Matthew , Patel Manish R. , Markies Henk , van Maarseveen Marcel , McElwaine Jim , Kleinhans Maarten G. , de Haas Tjalling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMartian gullies are landforms consisting of an erosional alcove, a channel, and a depositional apron. A significant proportion of Martian gullies at the mid‐latitudes is active today. The seasonal sublimation of CO2 ice has been suggested as a driver behind present‐day gully activity. However, due to a lack of in situ observations, the actual processes causing the observed changes remain unresolved. Here, we present results from flume experiments in environmental chambers in which we created CO2‐driven granular flows under Martian atmospheric conditions. Our experiments show that under Martian atmospheric pressure, large amounts of granular material can be fluidized by the sublimation of small quantities of CO2 ice in the granular mixture (only 0.5% of the volume fraction of the flow) under slope angles as low as 10°. Dimensionless scaling of the CO2‐driven granular flows shows that they are dynamically similar to terrestrial two‐phase granular flows, that is, debris flows and pyroclastic flows. The similarity in flow dynamics explains the similarity in deposit morphology with levees and lobes, supporting the hypothesis that CO2‐driven granular flows on Mars are not merely modifying older landforms, but they are actively forming them. This has far‐reaching implications for the processes thought to have formed these gullies over time. For other planetary bodies in our solar system, our experimental results suggest that the existence of gully like landforms is not necessarily evidence for flowing liquids but that they could also be formed or modified by sublimation‐driven flow processes.
Revealing the Local Time Structure of the Alfvén Radius in Jupiter's Magnetosphere Through High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Xu Yan , Ray Licia , Yao Zhonghua , Zhang Binzheng , Bonfond Bertrand , Badman Sarah , Grodent Denis , Feng Enhao , Qin Tianshu , Wei Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the context of planetary magnetospheres, the Alfvén radius plays a critical role as the demarcation line where the planet's magnetosphere and ionosphere effectively decouple. This boundary is pivotal in understanding the complex interactions between planetary magnetic fields and space plasma environments. This study presents a dynamic analysis of the Alfvén radius within Jupiter's magnetosphere using high‐resolution simulations to capture its temporal variability. Our simulations reveal that the Alfvén radius presents a dynamic behavior, which is strongly modulated by planetary rotation. However, when averaged over one Jovian rotation period, the location of the Alfvén radius displays striking similarities to that described by the statistical models proposed by Jenkins et al. (2024, 10.17635/lancaster/researchdata/661). Specifically, our averaged results highlight a prominent outward bulge in the radius location toward ∼03 local time with a notable absence of the radius between the noon and dusk sectors. The absence of the Alfvén radius suggests the higher Alfvén velocities in the noon‐to‐dusk sector associated with strong magnetic fields. These results suggest that while short‐term dynamics are present, the average position of the Alfvén radius over a rotation period roughly remains consistent with previous steady‐state models, providing an enhanced understanding of the long‐term behavior exhibited by the magnetospheric plasma environment in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Importantly, the dynamic location of the Alfvén radius and the observed asymmetry after averaging over one rotation period could demonstrate a significant correlation with the complex evolution of the auroral enhancement.
Breastfeeding duration and brain-body development in 9–10-year-olds: modulating effect of socioeconomic levels
Authors: Rajagopalan Vidya , Hsu Eustace , Luo Shan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate relationships of breastfeeding duration with brain structure and adiposity markers in youth and how these relationships are modified by neighborhood socioeconomic environments (SEEs).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of youth enrolled in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 7511). Mixed effects models examined associations of breastfeeding duration with global brain measures and adiposity markers, adjusting for sociodemographic, pre- and post-natal covariates. Stratified analysis was performed by area deprivation index (ADI) tertiles.

Results
Total cortical surface area (SA) (False Discovery Rate - FDR corrected P < 0.001), cortical (FDR corrected P < 0.001) and subcortical gray matter (GM) volume (FDR corrected P < 0.001) increased with increased breastfeeding duration. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores (FDR corrected P = 0.001), waist circumference (FDR corrected P = 0.002) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (FDR corrected P = 0.001) decreased with increased breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding duration was inversely associated with adiposity in youth from high- and medium- ADI neighborhoods, but positively associated with SA across ADI tertiles.

Conclusions
In this cross-sectional study, longer breastfeeding duration was associated with lower adiposity indices, particularly in youth from lower SEEs and greater SA across SEE levels. Longer breastfeeding duration showed long-term associations with brain and body development for offspring.

Impact

Building on previous findings that longer breastfeeding duration is associated with healthier weight gain, lower obesity risk, and brain white matter development in infancy, our results find longer breastfeeding duration to be associated with lower adiposity indices and greater cortical and subcortical gray matter volume, and cortical surface area during peri-adolescence.

Children from lower socioeconomic environments (SEEs) demonstrated stronger negative associations of breastfeeding duration and adiposity indices, and children across SEEs showed positive relationships between breastfeeding duration and cortical surface area.

Promoting breastfeeding, particularly among women from lower SEEs would confer long-term benefits to offspring.
CDK4/6 inhibitors dephosphorylate RNF26 to stabilize TSC1 and increase the sensitivity of ccRCC to mTOR inhibitors
Authors: Liu Xinlin , Li Wei , Yi Lu , Wang Jianxi , Liu Wentao , Cheng Hongtao , Ren Shangqing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The combined use of CDK4/6 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors has achieved some clinical success in ccRCC. Exploring the underlying mechanism of the CDK4/6 pathway in cancer cells and the drug interactions of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination therapy could help identify new therapeutic strategies for ccRCC. Notably, CDK4/6 inhibitors inactivate the mTOR pathway by increasing the protein levels of TSC1, but the mechanism by which CDK4/6 inhibitors regulate TSC1 is still unclear.

Methods
Mass spectrometry analysis, coimmunoprecipitation analysis, GST pull-down assays, immunofluorescence assays, Western blot analysis and RT‒qPCR analysis were applied to explore the relationships among CDK4, RNF26 and TSC1. Transwell assays, tube formation assays, CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays and xenograft assays were performed to examine the biological role of RNF26 in renal cancer cells.TCGA-KIRC dataset analysis and RT‒qPCR analysis were used to examine the pathways affected by RNF26 silencing.

Results
CDK4/6 inhibitors stabilized TSC1 in cancer cells. We showed that CDK4 enhances the interaction between TSC1 and RNF26 and that RNF26 activates the mTOR signaling pathway in ccRCC, contributes to ccRCC progression and angiogenesis, and promotes tumorigenesis. We then found that RNF26 functions as an E3 ligase of TSC1 to regulate CDK4-induced TSC1. This finding suggested that RNF26 promotes ccRCC progression and angiogenesis to some extent by negatively regulating TSC1.

Conclusion
Our results revealed a novel CDK4/RNF26/TSC1 axis that regulates the anticancer efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors in ccRCC.
Regulation of primary cilia disassembly through HUWE1-mediated TTBK2 degradation plays a crucial role in cerebellar development and medulloblastoma growth
Authors: Lin I-Hsuan , Li Yue-Ru , Chang Chia-Hsiang , Cheng Yu-Wen , Wang Yu-Ting , Tsai Yu-Shuen , Lin Pei-Yi , Kao Chien-Han , Su Ting-Yu , Hsu Chih-Sin , Tung Chien-Yi , Hsu Pang-Hung , Ayrault Olivier , Chung Bon-chu , Tsai Jin-Wu , Wang Won-Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDevelopment of the cerebellum requires precise regulation of granule neuron progenitor (GNP) proliferation. Although it is known that primary cilia are necessary to support GNP proliferation, the exact molecular mechanism governing primary cilia dynamics within GNPs remains elusive. Here, we establish the pivotal roles for the centrosomal kinase TTBK2 (Tau tubulin kinase-2) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 in GNP proliferation. We show that TTBK2 is highly expressed in proliferating GNPs under Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, coinciding with active GNP proliferation and the presence of primary cilia. TTBK2 stabilizes primary cilia by inhibiting their disassembly, thereby promoting GNP proliferation in response to SHH. Mechanistically, we identify HUWE1 as a novel centrosomal E3 ligase that facilitates primary cilia disassembly by targeting TTBK2 degradation. Disassembly of primary cilia serves as a trigger for GNP differentiation, allowing their migration from the external granule layer (EGL) of the cerebellum to the internal granule layer (IGL) for subsequent maturation. Moreover, we have established a link between TTBK2 and SHH-type medulloblastoma (SHH-MB), a tumor characterized by uncontrolled GNP proliferation. TTBK2 depletion inhibits SHH-MB proliferation, indicating that TTBK2 may be a potential therapeutic target for this cancer type. In summary, our findings reveal the mechanism governing cerebellar development and highlight a potential anti-cancer strategy for SHH-MB.
Trpv6 channel targeting using monoclonal antibody induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression
Authors: Haustrate Aurélien , Cordier Clément , Shapovalov George , Mihalache Adriana , Desruelles Emilie , Soret Benjamin , Essonghé Nadège Charlène , Spriet Corentin , Yassine Maya , Barras Alexandre , Marines Johanna , Alcaraz Lindsay B. , Szunerits Sabine , Robin Gautier , Gosset Pierre , Prevarskaya Natalia , Lehen’kyi V’yacheslav 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTRPV6 calcium channel is a prospective target in prostate cancer (PCa) since it is not expressed in healthy prostate while its expression increases during cancer progression. Despite the role of TRPV6 in PCa cell survival and apoptotic resistance has been already established, no reliable tool to target TRPV6 channel in vivo and thus to reduce tumor burden is known to date. Here we report the generation of mouse monoclonal antibody mAb82 raised against extracellular epitope of the pore region of the channel. mAb82 inhibited TRPV6 currents by 90% at 24 µg/ml in a dose-dependent manner while decreasing store-operated calcium entry to 56% at only 2.4 µg/ml. mAb82 decreased PCa survival rate in vitro by 71% at 12 µg/ml via inducing cell death through the apoptosis cascade via activation of the protease calpain, following bax activation, mitochondria enlargement, and loss of cristae, Cyt C release, pro-caspase 9 cleavage with the subsequent activation of caspases 3/7. In vivo, mice bearing either PC3Mtrpv6+/+ or PC3Mtrpv6-/-+pTRPV6 tumors were successfully treated with mAb82 at the dose as low as 100 µg/kg resulting in a significant reduction tumor growth by 31% and 90%, respectively. The survival rate was markedly improved by 3.5 times in mice treated with mAb82 in PC3Mtrpv6+/+ tumor group and completely restored in PC3Mtrpv6-/-+pTRPV6 tumor group. mAb82 showed a TRPV6-expression dependent organ distribution and virtually no toxicity in the same way as mAbAU1, a control antibody of the same Ig2a isotype. Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time the use of an anti-TRPV6 monoclonal antibody in vitro and in vivo in the treatment of the TRPV6-expressing PCa tumors.