bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal patterns in bycatch composition and mortality associated with a freshwater hoop net fishery
Authors: Larocque S. M. , Colotelo A. H. , Cooke S. J. , Blouin‐Demers G. , Haxton T. , Smokorowski K. E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough bycatch is well known and well studied in marine fisheries, comparatively little is known about bycatch in freshwater fisheries. Even basic information on bycatch composition and mortality in freshwater is unavailable, given that few inland jurisdictions require reporting of bycatch. A small‐scale inland hoop net fishery that targets pan fish (e.g. sunfish, Lepomis spp.) and operates primarily in the spring and fall was simulated in two lakes in south‐eastern Ontario to characterize both bycatch composition and mortality. We fished one lake in both spring and fall to compare catch rates, while in the other lake we set nets for 2 or 6 days during the spring to assess fish mortality associated with different net tending frequencies. In both lakes, bycatch consisted of gamefish, turtles (including several species at risk), and mammals. For fish, there was no difference in spring and fall catches. Turtles, however, were captured more often in spring. Fish mortality of both target and non‐target species increased from 0.3–0.9% to 3.0–3.7% (4–10 times) when set net duration increased from 2 to 6 days. Despite the provision of an air breathing space in our nets, we documented severe turtle mortality (33% in one lake) and all mammals died, suggesting that provision of air spaces is not always effective. Although all bycatch mortality is a concern, turtles are prone to population declines even with low levels of non‐natural mortality. As such, regulators may consider limiting commercial fishing to the fall in this region to reduce turtle captures. Seasonal restrictions on fishing or use of frequent net tending (e.g. < 2 days) will not prevent all turtle bycatch and therefore gear modifications should be investigated to further reduce turtle captures and mortality associated with hoop nets.
Hyperhidrosis plantaris – a randomized, half‐side trial for efficacy and safety of an antiperspirant containing different concentrations of aluminium chloride
Authors: Streker Meike , Reuther Tilmann , Hagen Linda , Kerscher Martina 
Published: August 2011

SummaryBackground: Primary focal hyperhidrosis plantaris can cause impairment in social, physical, leisure and occupational activities. Topical treatment with aluminium chloride is the first‐line treatment. The aim of this trial was to evaluate efficacy and safety of two different concentrations of aluminium chloride hexa‐hydrate (12.5%, 30%) for 6 weeks.Patients and methods: 20 volunteers with hyperhidrosis plantaris were included. Efficacy was evaluated using a clinical rating scale of the hyperhidrosis level and qualitative assessments including Minor's (iodine‐starch) test and a standardized sniff test. Furthermore a patient questionnaire and measurements of skin surface pH were done to evaluate the subjective assessments and side effects.Results: The hyperhidrosis level significantly decreased in both concentrations. There were no differences in tolerability regarding the skin surface pH and the patient questionnaires. In addition the hidrotic areas decreased after application of both products and the sniff test improved.Conclusion: Topical application of an antiperspirant containing aluminium chloride reduced sweat production in plantar hyperhidrosis significantly. As both 12.5% and 30% were efficacious and safe, we would recommend 12.5% for outpatient treatment.
Partial sequence of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region
Authors: UKAJI Takao , SUMIYAMA Daisuke , KAI Osamu 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWe determined the sequence of the immunoglobulin gamma heavy‐chain constant (IGHC) region of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). To isolate a part of the IGHC complementary DNA, we designed primers on the basis of highly conserved sequences in mouse, rat and hamster. The deduced IGHC is structurally similar to counterparts in other mammalian species and shows 84.6% identity to the IGHC of hamster IgG, 76.6% to rat IgG1, 83.3% to rat IgG2a, 78.1% to mouse IgG1, 81.8% to mouse IgG2a, 79.1% to mouse IgG2b and 79.2% to mouse IgG3 at the nucleotide level. The results suggest that gerbil IgG is closely related to hamster IgG and rat IgG2a.
Hoarding, Speculation, and the Public Order of the Market in France, End of the Eighteenth Century–1914
Authors: Stanziani Alessandro 
Published: August 2011

France regulated competition through the gradual development of jurisprudence rooted in Old Regime practices of speculation and hoarding. This article aims to understand the reasons for this institutional legacy in order to determine if and how these norms could be adapted to the new phenomena of industrial concentration as they appeared at the turn of the nineteenth century.I argue that French regulation of futures trades and speculation are aimed to stabilize and enhance markets and not to limit them, and that continuities in market and capitalism regulation were much more important than usually held.
Remediation of polluted surface water outfalls – customer communication and changes in behaviour
Authors: Dunk M. J. , Owen A. , McMath S. M. , Arikans J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWater and sewerage companies are experiencing increased levels of pollution at surface water outfalls attributable to incorrectly installed wastewater pipe work from predominantly domestic premises. Foul to surface water plumbing errors can cause environmental pollution in local rivers and streams, but the remediation of polluted surface water outfalls is sustainable only if undertaken in parallel with stakeholder education. Methodologies developed to date to inform, educate or change customer behaviour regarding misconnections have done little to reduce the problem. This paper reports on a study conducted to identify gaps in customers' knowledge with a view to raising awareness of the issues. It is anticipated that the conclusions drawn will be used to better inform the public about misconnections through effectively targeted communications.
Common Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci Are Associated with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Stevens Kristen N. , Vachon Celine M. , Lee Adam M. , Slager Susan , Lesnick Timothy , Olswold Curtis , Fasching Peter A. , Miron Penelope , Eccles Diana , Carpenter Jane E. , Godwin Andrew K. , Ambrosone Christine , Winqvist Robert , Brauch Hiltrud , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Cox Angela , Cross Simon S. , Sawyer Elinor , Hartmann Arndt , Beckmann Matthias W. , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Ekici Arif B. , Tapper William J. , Gerty Susan M. , Durcan Lorraine , Graham Nikki , Hein Rebecca , Nickels Stephan , Flesch-Janys Dieter , Heinz Judith , Sinn Hans-Peter , Konstantopoulou Irene , Fostira Florentia , Pectasides Dimitrios , Dimopoulos Athanasios M. , Fountzilas George , Clarke Christine L. , Balleine Rosemary , Olson Janet E. , Fredericksen Zachary , Diasio Robert B. , Pathak Harsh , Ross Eric , Weaver JoEllen , Rüdiger Thomas , Försti Asta , Dünnebier Thomas , Ademuyiwa Foluso , Kulkarni Swati , Pylkäs Katri , Jukkola-Vuorinen Arja , Ko Yon-Dschun , Van Limbergen Erik , Janssen Hilde , Peto Julian , Fletcher Olivia , Giles Graham G. , Baglietto Laura , Verhoef Senno , Tomlinson Ian , Kosma Veli-Matti , Beesley Jonathan , Greco Dario , Blomqvist Carl , Irwanto Astrid , Liu Jianjun , Blows Fiona M. , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Margolin Sara , Mannermaa Arto , Martin Nicholas G. , Montgomery Grant W. , Lambrechts Diether , dos Santos Silva Isabel , Severi Gianluca , Hamann Ute , Pharoah Paul , Easton Douglas F. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Yannoukakos Drakoulis , Nevanlinna Heli , Wang Xianshu , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers are an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor survival, but there remains little known about the etiologic factors that promote its initiation and development. Commonly inherited breast cancer risk factors identified through genome-wide association studies display heterogeneity of effect among breast cancer subtypes as defined by the status of estrogen and progesterone receptors. In the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Consortium (TNBCC), 22 common breast cancer susceptibility variants were investigated in 2,980 Caucasian women with triple-negative breast cancer and 4,978 healthy controls. We identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs2046210 (ESR1), rs12662670 (ESR1), rs3803662 (TOX3), rs999737 (RAD51L1), rs8170 (19p13.1), and rs8100241 (19p13.1), significantly associated with the risk of triple-negative breast cancer. Together, our results provide convincing evidence of genetic susceptibility for triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6240–9. ©2011 AACR.
HDM-2 inhibition suppresses expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2, and synergistically enhances gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jones Richard J. , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran , Neelapu Sattva , Fayad Luis E. , Romaguera Jorge E. , Wang Michael , Sharma Rakesh , Yang Dajun , Orlowski Robert Z. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) usually responds well to initial therapy but is prone to relapses with chemoresistant disease, indicating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Inhibition of the p53 E3 ligase human homolog of the murine double minute protein-2 (HDM-2) with MI-63 has been validated as one such strategy in wild-type (wt) p53 models, and our genomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated that MI-63 suppressed the expression of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit M2 (RRM2). This effect occurred in association with induction of p21 and cell-cycle arrest at G1/S and prompted us to examine combinations with the RNR inhibitor 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine (gemcitabine). The regimen of MI-63–gemcitabine induced enhanced, synergistic antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects in wtp53 MCL cell lines. Addition of exogenous dNTPs reversed this effect, whereas shRNA-mediated inhibition of RRM2 was sufficient to induce synergy with gemcitabine. Combination therapy of MCL murine xenografts with gemcitabine and MI-219, the in vivo analog of MI-63, resulted in enhanced antitumor activity. Finally, synergy was seen with MI-63–gemcitabine in primary patient samples that were found to express high levels of RRM2 compared with MCL cell lines. These findings provide a framework for translation of the rational combination of an HDM-2 and RNR inhibitor to the clinic for patients with relapsed wtp53 MCL.
TP 53 and MDM2 gene polymorphisms and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among Italian patients
Authors: Di Vuolo Valeria , Buonaguro Luigi , Izzo Francesco , Losito Simona , Botti Gerardo , Buonaguro Franco M , Tornesello Maria Lina 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within TP 53 gene (codon 72 exon 4, rs1042522, encoding either arginine or proline) and MDM2 promoter (SNP309; rs2279744), have been independently associated with increased risk of several cancer types. Few studies have analysed the role of these polymorphisms in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods
Genotype distribution of TP 53 codon 72 and MDM2 SNP309 in 61 viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 122 blood samples (healthy controls) from Italian subjects were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Results
Frequencies of TP 53 codon 72 alleles were not significantly different between cases and controls. A significant increase of MDM2 SNP309 G/G and T/G genotypes were observed among hepatocellular carcinoma cases (Odds Ratio, OR = 3.56, 95% Confidence Limits, 95% CI = 1.3-9.7; and OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.3-6.4, respectively).

Conclusions
These results highlight a significant role of MDM2 SNP309 G allele as a susceptibility gene for the development of viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma among Italian subjects.
A New Way to Determine the Biodegradability of Lubricants by a Biokinetic Model
Authors: Rhee In-Sik 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
With advanced lubrication technology, natural resources have been turned into lubricants which are no longer recognizable by microorganisms and enzymes that convert natural substances into their basic building blocks. To make more environmentally friendly products, significant efforts are on-going to develop biodegradable materials and technologies which are fully compatible with the environment. One concern in these efforts is the evaluation of their biodegradability in laboratory environments within a short period. Currently, several ASTM and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) biodegradation test methods are available for determining this environmental property, but these take a long time (28 days) and special biological knowledge is required. Because of these disadvantages, it is very difficult to use in lubrication laboratories for assessing the biodegradability of lubricants. To resolve this problem, a biokinetic model has been developed based on the composition of lubricants. The advantage of this biokinetic model is that it can predict the biodegradability of lubricants within a day without the use of microorganisms. In addition, this new technology resulted in an excellent correlation with the existing laboratory biodegradation tests. Currently, this technology is used in the ASTM D7373 test method. This report presents how to develop a biokinetic model and the results are discussed in a comparison with the Aerobic Closed Respirometer test (ASTM D 6731).
Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation by Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: Risk Analysis in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-negative Cases
Authors: KATO MASARU , ATSUMI TATSUYA , KURITA TAKASHI , ODANI TOSHIO , FUJIEDA YUICHIRO , OTOMO KOTARO , HORITA TETSUYA , YASUDA SHINSUKE , KOIKE TAKAO 
Published: August 2011

Objective.To evaluate the risk of reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus (HBV) by immunosuppressive therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases.Methods.Thirty-five patients with autoimmune diseases were included in our study; all were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen-positive. They were followed for 8–124 weeks and clinical outcomes were analyzed, including serum levels of HBV-DNA and aminotransferase every 4 weeks during their immunosuppressive therapy for underlying autoimmune diseases. If HBV-DNA was detected during the immunosuppressive therapy, HBsAg, antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and antibody against HBeAg were also monitored every 4 weeks.Results.HBV-DNA was detected in 6 out of 35 patients. Anti-HBs titer was significantly lower in the patients in whom HBV-DNA was detected compared with the others at baseline: 2.83 (range 0.24–168.50) mIU/ml vs 99.94 (range 0.00–5342.98) mIU/ml, respectively (p = 0.036). Outcomes of the 6 patients with HBV reactivation were as follows: HBV-DNA turned negative in 2 patients without nucleic acid analog (NAA) and 1 with NAA; 2 died due to bacterial sepsis; and 1 died due to autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Significant elevation of aminotransferase was found in only 1 patient, but HBsAg converted to positive in 2 patients and HBeAg converted to positive in 1 patient.Conclusion.Reactivation of resolved HBV can occur during standard immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune diseases. The low titer of baseline anti-HBs may carry its risk.
NKT Cells Are Required for Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Mediated Protection from Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Lee I-Fang , van den Elzen Peter , Tan Rusung , Priatel John J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAutoimmune diabetes in NOD mice can be prevented by application of Ags derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the form of bacillus Calmette-Guérin or CFA. Disease protection by CFA is associated with a reduction in the numbers of pathogenic β-cell specific, self-reactive CTLs, a phenomenon dependent on the presence and function of NK cells. However, the mechanisms by which NK cells are activated and recruited by heat-killed M. tuberculosis within CFA are unclear. In this study, we report that CFA-mediated NK cell activation and mobilization is dependent on CD1d expression. The administration of M. tuberculosis from CFA results in rapid NKT cell activation and IFN-γ secretion both in vitro and in vivo. CFA-induced NKT cell activation is intact in MyD88−/− mice suggesting that the mechanism is independent of TLR signaling. Furthermore, CD1d expression was found to be essential for both M. tuberculosis-triggered NKT cell activation and CFA-mediated protection of NOD mice from diabetes. Collectively, these findings reveal hitherto previously unidentified roles for NKT cells in the adjuvant-promoting effects of CFA on innate and adaptive immunity.
NLRP3/Caspase-1–Independent IL-1β Production Mediates Diesel Exhaust Particle-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Provoost Sharen , Maes Tania , Pauwels Nele S. , Vanden Berghe Tom , Vandenabeele Peter , Lambrecht Bart N. , Joos Guy F. , Tournoy Kurt G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Inhalation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induces an inflammatory reaction in the lung; however, the mechanisms are largely unclear. IL-1β/IL-1RI signaling is crucial in several lung inflammatory responses. Typically, caspase-1 is activated within the NLRP3 inflammasome that recognizes several damage-associated molecular patterns, which results in cleavage of pro–IL-1β into mature IL-1β. In this study, we hypothesized that the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway is critical in DEP-induced lung inflammation. Upon DEP exposure, IL-1RI knockout mice had reduced pulmonary inflammation compared with wild-type mice. Similarly, treatment with rIL-1R antagonist (anakinra) and IL-1β neutralization impaired the DEP-induced lung inflammatory response. Upon DEP exposure, NLRP3 and caspase-1 knockout mice, however, showed similar IL-1β levels and comparable pulmonary inflammation compared with wild-type mice. In conclusion, these data show that the DEP-induced pulmonary inflammation acts through the IL-1β/IL-1RI axis. In addition, DEP initiates inflammation independent of the classical NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway, suggesting that other proteases might be involved.
Multiple CD4+ T Cell Subsets Produce Immunomodulatory IL-10 During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Weiss Kayla A. , Christiaansen Allison F. , Fulton Ross B. , Meyerholz David K. , Varga Steven M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The host immune response is believed to contribute to the severity of pulmonary disease induced by acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Because RSV-induced pulmonary disease is associated with immunopathology, we evaluated the role of IL-10 in modulating the RSV-specific immune response. We found that IL-10 protein levels in the lung were increased following acute RSV infection, with maximum production corresponding to the peak of the virus-specific T cell response. The majority of IL-10–producing cells in the lung during acute RSV infection were CD4+ T cells. The IL-10–producing CD4+ T cells included Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, Foxp3− CD4+ T cells that coproduce IFN-γ, and Foxp3− CD4+ T cells that do not coproduce IFN-γ. RSV infection of IL-10–deficient mice resulted in more severe disease, as measured by increased weight loss and airway resistance, as compared with control mice. We also observed an increase in the magnitude of the RSV-induced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell response that correlated with increased disease severity in the absence of IL-10 or following IL-10R blockade. Interestingly, IL-10R blockade during acute RSV infection altered CD4+ T cell subset distribution, resulting in a significant increase in IL-17A–producing CD4+ T cells and a concomitant decrease in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. These results demonstrate that IL-10 plays a critical role in modulating the adaptive immune response to RSV by limiting T-cell–mediated pulmonary inflammation and injury.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Is Critical for Homeostasis of Invariant γδ T Cells in the Murine Epidermis
Authors: Kadow Stephanie , Jux Bettina , Zahner Sonja P. , Wingerath Britta , Chmill Stefanie , Clausen Björn E. , Hengstler Jan , Esser Charlotte 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
An immunoregulatory role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown in conventional αβ and γδ T cells, but its function in skin γδ T cells (dendritic epidermal T cells [DETC]) is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that DETC express AhR in wild-type mice, and are specifically absent in the epidermis of AhR-deficient mice (AhR-KO). We show that DETC precursors are generated in the thymus and home to the skin. Proliferation of DETC in the skin was impaired in AhR-KO mice, resulting in a &gt;90% loss compared with wild type. Surprisingly, DETC were not replaced by αβ T cells or conventional γδ T cells, suggesting a limited time frame for seeding this niche. We found that DETC from AhR-KO mice failed to express the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit, a known growth factor for γδ T cells in the gut. Moreover, we found that c-kit is a direct target of AhR, and propose that AhR-dependent c-Kit expression is potentially involved in DETC homeostasis. DETC are a major source of GM-CSF in the skin. Recently, we had shown that impaired Langerhans cell maturation in AhR-KO is related to low GM-CSF levels. Our findings suggest that the DETCs are necessary for LC maturation, and provide insights into a novel role for AhR in the maintenance of skin-specific γδ T cells, and its consequences for the skin immune network.
HIV-DNA Priming Alters T Cell Responses to HIV-Adenovirus Vaccine Even When Responses to DNA Are Undetectable
Authors: De Rosa Stephen C. , Thomas Evan P. , Bui John , Huang Yunda , deCamp Allan , Morgan Cecilia , Kalams Spyros A. , Tomaras Georgia D. , Akondy Rama , Ahmed Rafi , Lau Chuen-Yen , Graham Barney S. , Nabel Gary J. , McElrath M. Juliana ,   the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases HIV Vaccine Trials Network
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Many candidate HIV vaccines are designed to primarily elicit T cell responses. Although repeated immunization with the same vaccine boosts Ab responses, the benefit for T cell responses is ill defined. We compared two immunization regimens that include the same recombinant adenoviral serotype 5 (rAd5) boost. Repeated homologous rAd5 immunization fails to increase T cell responses, but increases gp140 Ab responses 10-fold. DNA prime, as compared with rAd5 prime, directs long-term memory CD8+ T cells toward a terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype with cytotoxic potential. Based on the kinetics of activated cells measured directly ex vivo, the DNA vaccination primes for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, despite the lack of detection of the latter until after the boost. These results suggest that heterologous prime-boost combinations have distinct immunological advantages over homologous prime-boosts and suggest that the effect of DNA on subsequent boosting may not be easily detectable directly after the DNA vaccination.