bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Living Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers
Authors: Kanazawa Arihiro , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Recent advancements in living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers are reviewed, especially focusing on newly developed initiating systems using various Lewis acid catalysts. In concert with the diversification of efficient metal halide catalysts, several types of initiators (cationogens) have been shown to mediate living polymerization, in which the nature of the central metals is responsible for the polymerization behavior. Other types of initiating systems, e.g., living cationic polymerization using metal oxides as solid catalysts and Lewis acid-free systems, are also summarized, as well as the applications of the polymerization for the synthesis of functional poly(vinyl ether)s.
Phase Transition and Thermal Behavior Change of Low Silica X Zeolite at [Al] = 90
Authors: Yasui-Hiraiwa Mana , Hongo Teruhisa , Hayashi Hiroko , Takaishi Tetsuo , Nataka Shinichi , Yamazaki Atsushi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Low silica X zeolite samples in the composition region of the number of Al atoms per unit cell ([Al]) between 84 and 96 were synthesized. X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the obtained samples verify the existence of the phase transition point and confirm the changes in the thermal behaviors of the samples at [Al] = 90.
Sialylglycan-modified Field Effect Transistor for Detection of Charged Lectin under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Sakurai Yoshihiro , Hideshima Sho , Kuroiwa Shigeki , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Determination of protein charges under physiological conditions by field effect transistors (FETs) is challenging because of the screening effect by solution counter ions. We showed that sugar-chain-modified FETs can detect proteins under physiological conditions. Protein charges are detectable on the gate interface by applying sugar chains as receptors: these sugar chains are short and highly flexible. Threshold voltage shifts caused by adsorption of SSA lectin from Sambucus sieboldiana onto sialylglycan-modified FET showed a linear relationship with SSA concentrations under physiological conditions.
Modified OligoDNA Having Two Consecutive Silylated-pyrene Moieties in Minor Groove Exhibiting an Excimer Fluorescent Signal upon Binding to Fully Complementary DNA Strand
Authors: Mogi Mika , Uddin Md Gias , Ichimura Mayumi , Moriguchi Tomohisa , Shinozuka Kazuo 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
OligoDNA possessing consecutive modified nucleotide residues bearing silylated pyrene at C-2′ position was synthesized. The fluorescent oligoDNA exhibited marked excimer fluorescent signal upon binding to a fully matched complementary DNA strand, however, the signal was effectively quenched in the single-stranded form as well as in the mismatched base pair duplex.
Water-soluble Inclusion Complexes of [60]Fullerene Derivatives Using γ-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Genmoto Tomoya , Maekubo Naotake , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Akiyama Motofusa , Mochizuki Takayuki , Kotani Shuhei , Konishi Toshifumi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Pyrrolidine and N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium derivatives of C60 could be solubilized in water with the aid of γ-cyclodextrin. The complexes were found to be soluble in water at high concentrations over 1.5 mM. These solubility values are significantly higher than those of other C60 derivatives reported previously. Furthermore, these solutions are stable for at least one month at room temperature.
One-step Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles Using 4-Acylamidobenzenethiol as a Reductive Stabilizer
Authors: Okamura Hiroaki , Kurawaki Junichi , Iwagawa Tetsuo , Hamada Toshiyuki , Kawashima Masatake 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A simple one-step preparation method to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using 4-acylamidobenzenethiol derivatives as reductive stabilizers has been developed. The stabilizers were easily prepared from 4-aminobenzenethiol and dihydroxy fatty acid. By simply mixing the stabilizer and a solution of HAuCl4 in methanol or water, we could form AuNPs spontaneously without any additional reagents or physical treatment. The diameters of the resulting AuNPs were determined to be 2–5 nm using TEM images.
Enhancement of bone formation in an experimental bony defect using ferumoxide-labelled mesenchymal stromal cells and a magnetic targeting system
Authors: Oshima S. , Ishikawa M. , Mochizuki Y. , Kobayashi T. , Yasunaga Y. , Ochi M. 
Published: November 2010

We used interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic to bridge a rabbit ulnar defect. Two weeks after inducing the defect we percutaneously injected rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells labelled with ferumoxide. The contribution of an external magnetic targeting system to attract these cells into the ceramic and their effect on subsequent bone formation were evaluated. This technique significantly facilitated the infiltration of ferumoxide-labelled cells into ceramic and significantly contributed to the enhancement of bone formation even in the chronic phase. As such, it is potentially of clinical use to treat fractures, bone defects, delayed union and nonunion.
Early or delayed limb lengthening after acute shortening in the treatment of traumatic below-knee amputations and Gustilo and Anderson type IIIC open tibial fractures
Authors: Parmaksizoglu F. , Koprulu A. S. , Unal M. B. , Cansu E. 
Published: November 2010

We present the results of 13 patients who suffered severe injuries to the lower leg. Five sustained a traumatic amputation and eight a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIC open fracture. All were treated with debridement, acute shortening and stabilisation of the fracture and vascular reconstruction. Further treatment involved restoration of tibial length by callus distraction through the distal or proximal metaphysis, which was commenced soon after the soft tissues had healed (n = 8) or delayed until union of the fracture (n = 5). All patients were male with a mean age of 28.4 years (17 to 44), and had sustained injury to the leg only. Chen grade II functional status was achieved in all patients. Although the number of patients treated with each strategy was limited, there was no obvious disadvantage in the early lengthening programme, which was completed more quickly.
Total ankle replacement in association with hindfoot fusion
Authors: Kim B. S. , Knupp M. , Zwicky L. , Lee J. W. , Hintermann B. 
Published: November 2010

We report the clinical and radiological outcome of total ankle replacement performed in conjunction with hindfoot fusion or in isolation. Between May 2003 and June 2008, 60 ankles were treated with total ankle replacement with either subtalar or triple fusion, and the results were compared with a control group of 288 ankles treated with total ankle replacement alone. After the mean follow-up of 39.5 months (12 to 73), the ankles with hindfoot fusion showed significant improvement in the mean visual analogue score for pain (p < 0.001), the mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (p < 0.001), and the mean of a modified version of this score (p < 0.001). The mean visual analogue pain score (p = 0.304) and mean modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (p = 0.119) were not significantly different between the hindfoot fusion and the control groups. However, the hindfoot fusion group had a significantly lower mean range of movement (p = 0.009) and a higher rate of posterior focal osteolysis (p = 0.04). Both groups showed various complications (p = 0.131) and failure occurring at a similar rate (p = 0.685). Subtalar or triple fusion is feasible and has minimal adverse effects on ankles treated with total ankle replacement up to midterm follow-up. The clinical outcome of total ankle replacement when combined with hindfoot fusion is comparable to that of ankle replacement alone. Thus, hindfoot fusion should be performed in conjunction with total ankle replacement when indicated.
The relationship between head-neck ratio and pseudotumour formation in metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip
Authors: Grammatopoulos G. , Pandit H. , Murray D. W. , Gill H. S. 
Published: November 2010

Pseudotumour is a rare but important complication of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing that occurs much more commonly in women than in men. We examined the relationship between head-neck ratio (HNR) and pseudotumour formation in 18 resurfaced hips (18 patients) revised for pseudotumour and 42 asymptomatic control resurfaced hips (42 patients). Patients in whom pseudotumour formation had occurred had higher pre-operative HNR than the control patients (mean 1.37 (sd 0.10) vs mean 1.30 (sd 0.08) p = 0.001). At operation the patients with pseudotumours had a greater reduction in the size of their femoral heads (p = 0.035) and subsequently had greater neck narrowing (mean 10.1% (sd 7.2) vs mean 3.8% (sd 3.2) p < 0.001). No female patient with a pre-operative HNR ≤ 1.3 developed a pseudotumour. We suggest that reducing the size of the femoral head, made possible by a high pre-operative HNR, increases the risk of impingement and edge loading, and may contribute to high wear and pseudotumour formation. As the incidence of pseudotumour is low in men, it appears safe to perform resurfacing in men. However, this study suggests that it is also reasonable to resurface in women with a pre-operative HNR ≤ 1.3.
Transient subluxation of the femoral head after total hip replacement
Authors: McGrory B. J. , McGrory C. P. , Barbour L. , Barbour B. 
Published: November 2010

Dislocation is a common and well-studied complication after total hip replacement. However, subluxation, which we define as a clinically recognised episode of incomplete movement of the femoral head outside the acetabulum with spontaneous reduction, has not been studied previously. Out of a total of 2521 hip replacements performed over 12 years by one surgeon, 30 patients experienced subluxations which occurred in 31 arthroplasties. Data were collected prospectively with a minimum follow-up of two years. Subluxation occurred significantly more frequently after revision than after primary hip replacement, and resolved in 19 of 31 cases (61.3%). In six of the 31 hips (19.4%) the patient subsequently dislocated the affected hip, and in six hips (19.4%) intermittent subluxation continued. Four patients had a revision operation for instability, three for recurrent dislocation and one for recurrent subluxation. Clinical and radiological comparisons with a matched group of stable total hips showed no correlation with demographic or radiological parameters. Patients with subluxing hips reported significantly more concern that their hip would dislocate, more often changed their behaviour to prevent instability and had lower postoperative Harris hip scores than patients with stable replacements.
The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who have received prior manipulative therapy
Authors: Wu P.-K. , Chen W.-M. , Lee O. K. , Chen C.-F. , Huang C.-K. , Chen T.-H. 
Published: November 2010

We evaluated the long-term outcome of patients with an osteosarcoma who had undergone prior manipulative therapy, a popular treatment in Asia, and investigated its effects on several prognostic factors. Of the 134 patients in this study, 70 (52%) patients had manipulative therapy and 64 (48%) did not. The age, location, and size of tumour were not significantly different between the groups. The five-year overall survival rate was 58% and 92% in the groups with and without manipulative therapy (p = 0.004). Both the primary and overall rates of lung metastasis were significantly higher in the manipulative group (primary: 32% vs 3%, p = 0.003; overall lung metastasis rate: 51.4% vs 18.8%, p < 0.001). Patients who had manipulative therapy had higher local recurrence rates in comparison to patients who did not (29% vs 6%, p = 0.011). The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who had manipulative therapy was significantly poorer than those who had not. Manipulative therapy was an independent factor for survival. This form of therapy may serve as a mechanism to accelerate the spread of tumour cells, and therefore must be avoided in order to improve the outcome for patients with an osteosarcoma.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma after intramedullary fixation of a tibial fracture
Authors: Ahmed I. , Robinson C. M. , Patton J. T. , Cook R. E. 
Published: November 2010

We present two cases of metastatic lung cancer which occurred at the site of a previously united tibial fracture. Both patients were treated with a locked intramedullary nail. The patients presented with metastases at the site of their initial fracture approximately 16 and 13 months after injury respectively. We discuss this unusual presentation and review the relevant literature. We are unaware of any previous reports of a metastatic tumour occurring at the site of an orthopaedic implant used to stabilise a non-pathological fracture. These cases demonstrate the similar clinical presentation of infection and malignancy: a diagnosis which should always be considered in such patients.
The association between clubfoot and developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Perry D. C. , Tawfiq S. M. , Roche A. , Shariff R. , Garg N. K. , James L. A. , Sampath J. , Bruce C. E. 
Published: November 2010

The association between idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) and developmental dysplasia of the hip is uncertain. We present an observational cohort study spanning 6.5 years of selective ultrasound screening of hips in clubfoot. From 119 babies with CTEV there were nine cases of hip dysplasia, in seven individuals. This suggests that 1 in 17 babies with CTEV will have underlying hip dysplasia. This study supports selective ultrasound screening of hips in infants with CTEV.
Changes in bone mineral density in the proximal femur after hip resurfacing and uncemented total hip replacement
Authors: Smolders J. M. H. , Hol A. , Rijnders T. , van Susante J. L. C. 
Published: November 2010

We undertook a randomised prospective follow-up study of changes in peri-prosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) after hip resurfacing and compared them with the results after total hip replacement. A total of 59 patients were allocated to receive a hip resurfacing (n = 29) or an uncemented distally fixed total hip replacement (n = 30). The BMD was prospectively determined in four separate regions of interest of the femoral neck and in the calcar region corresponding to Gruen zone 7 for the hip resurfacing group and compared only to the calcar region in the total hip replacement group. Standardised measurements were performed pre-operatively and after three, six and 12 months. The groups were well matched in terms of gender distribution and mean age. The mean BMD in the calcar region increased after one year to 105.2% of baseline levels in the resurfaced group compared with a significant decrease to 82.1% in the total hip replacement group (p < 0.001) by 12 months. For the resurfaced group, there was a decrease in bone density in all four regions of the femoral neck at three months which did not reach statistical significance and was followed by recovery to baseline levels after 12 months. Hip resurfacing did indeed preserve BMD in the inferior femoral neck. In contrast, a decrease in the mean BMD in Gruen zone 7 followed uncemented distally fixed total hip replacement. Long term follow-up studies are necessary to see whether this benefit in preservation of BMD will be clinically relevant at future revision surgery.
Intercarpal ligamentous laxity in cadaveric wrists
Authors: Rimington T. R. , Edwards S. G. , Lynch T. S. , Pehlivanova M. B. 
Published: November 2010

The purposes of this study were to define the range of laxity of the interosseous ligaments in cadaveric wrists and to determine whether this correlated with age, the morphology of the lunate, the scapholunate (SL) gap or the SL angle. We evaluated 83 fresh-frozen cadaveric wrists and recorded the SL gap and SL angle. Standard arthroscopy of the wrist was then performed and the grades of laxity of the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) and the lunotriquetral interosseous ligament (LTIL) and the morphology of the lunate were recorded. Arthroscopic evaluation of the SLIL revealed four (5%) grade I specimens, 28 (34%) grade II, 40 (48%) grade III and 11 (13%) grade IV. Evaluation of the LTIL showed 17 (20%) grade I specimens, 40 (48%) grade II, 28 (30%) grade III and one (1%) grade IV. On both bivariate and multivariate analysis, the grade of both the SLIL and LTIL increased with age, but decreased with female gender. The grades of SLIL or LTIL did not correlate with the morphology of the lunate, the SL gap or the SL angle. The physiological range of laxity at the SL and lunotriquetral joints is wider than originally described. The intercarpal ligaments demonstrate an age-related progression of laxity of the SL and lunotriquetral joints. There is no correlation between the grades of laxity of the SLIL or LTIL and the morphology of the lunate, the SL gap or the SL grade. Based on our results, we believe that the Geissler classification has a role in describing intercarpal laxity, but if used alone it cannot adequately diagnose pathological instability. We suggest a modified classification with a mechanism that may distinguish physiological laxity from pathological instability.
Anterior fusion alone compared with combined anterior and posterior fusion for the treatment of degenerative cervical kyphosis
Authors: Song K.-J. , Johnson J. S. , Choi B.-R. , Wang J. C. , Lee K.-B. 
Published: November 2010

We evaluated the efficacy of anterior fusion alone compared with combined anterior and posterior fusion for the treatment of degenerative cervical kyphosis. Anterior fusion alone was undertaken in 15 patients (group A) and combined anterior and posterior fusion was carried out in a further 15 (group B). The degree and maintenance of the angle of correction, the incidence of graft subsidence, degeneration at adjacent levels and the rate of fusion were assessed radiologically and clinically and the rate of complications recorded. The mean angle of correction in group B was significantly higher than in group A (p = 0.0009). The mean visual analogue scale and the neck disability index in group B was better than in group A (p = 0.043, 0.0006). The mean operation time and the blood loss in B were greater than in group A (p < 0.0001, 0.037). Pseudarthrosis, subsidence of the cage, and problems related to the hardware were more prevalent in group A than in group B (p = 0.034, 0.025, 0.013). Although the combined procedure resulted in a longer operating time and greater blood loss than with anterior fusion alone, our results suggest that for the treatment of degenerative cervical kyphosis the combined approach leads to better maintenance of sagittal alignment, a higher rate of fusion, a lower incidence of complications and a better clinical outcome.
The histology around the cemented Müller straight stem
Authors: Clauss M. , Ilchmann T. , Zimmermann P. , Ochsner P. E. 
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study was to obtain detailed long-term data on the cement-bone interface in patients with cemented stems, implanted using the constrained fixation technique. A total of eight stems were removed together with adjacent bone during post-mortem examinations of patients with well-functioning prostheses. Specimens were cut at four defined levels, contact radiographs were obtained for each level, and slices were prepared for histological analysis. Clinical data, clinical radiographs, contact radiographs and histological samples were examined for signs of loosening and remodelling. The mean radiological follow-up was 9.6 years and all stems were well-fixed, based on clinical and radiological criteria. Contact radiographs revealed an incomplete cement mantle but a complete filling of the medullary canal for all implants. Various amounts of polyethylene particles were evident at the cement-bone interface of seven stems, with no accompanying inflammatory reaction. Cortical atrophy and the formation of an ‘inner cortex’ were confirmed in six of eight stems by contact radiographs and histology, but were only visible on two clinical radiographs. Our results confirm that a complete cement mantle is not essential for the survival of Müller straight stems into the mid term, and support our hypothesis that no benefit to long-term survival can be expected from modern cementing techniques.
Fractures of the pelvis
Authors: Guthrie H. C. , Owens R. W. , Bircher M. D. 
Published: November 2010

High energy fractures of the pelvis are a challenging problem both in the immediate post-injury phase and later when definitive fixation is undertaken. No single management algorithm can be applied because of associated injuries and the wide variety of trauma systems that have evolved around the world. Initial management is aimed at saving life and this is most likely to be achieved with an approach that seeks to identify and treat life-threatening injuries in order of priority. Early mortality after a pelvic fracture is most commonly due to major haemorrhage or catastrophic brain injury. In this article we review the role of pelvic binders, angiographic embolisation, pelvic packing, early internal fixation and blood transfusion with regard to controlling haemorrhage. Definitive fixation seeks to prevent deformity and reduce complications. We believe this should be undertaken by specialist surgeons in a hospital resourced, equipped and staffed to manage the whole spectrum of major trauma. We describe the most common modes of internal fixation by injury type and review the factors that influence delayed mortality, adverse functional outcome, sexual dysfunction and venous thromboembolism.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a potential tool for monitoring trade of similar woods: Discrimination of true mahogany, cedar, andiroba, and curupixá
Authors: Pastore Tereza Cristina Monteiro , Braga Jez Willian Batista , Coradin Vera Terezinha Rauber , Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves , Okino Esmeralda Yoshico Arakaki , Camargos José Arlete Alves , de Muñiz Graciela Inês Bonzon , Bressan Otávio Augusto , Davrieux Fabrice 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Mahogany is one of the most valuable woods and was widely used until it was included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species as endangered species. Mahogany wood sometimes is traded under different names. Also, some similar woods belonging to the Meliaceae family are traded as “mahogany” or as being of a “mahogany pattern”. To investigate the feasibility of the use of near infrared spectroscopy for wood discrimination, the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.), andiroba or crabwood (Carapa guianensis Aubl.), cedar (Cedrela odorata L.), and curupixá (Micropholis melinoniana Pierre) woods were examined. Four discrimination models based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis were developed based on a calibration set composed of 88 samples and a test set with 44 samples. Each model corresponds to the discrimination of a wood species from the others. Optimization of the model was performed by means of the OPUS® software followed by statistical analysis software (Matlab®). The observed root mean square errors of predictions were 0.14, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.06 for discriminations of mahogany, cedar, andiroba, and curupixá, respectively. The separations of the species obtained based on the difference in the predicted values was at least 0.38. This makes it possible to perform safe discriminations with a very low probability of misclassifying a sample. This method can be considered accurate and fast.