bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Language Change Between 3 and 5 Years and Its Implications for Early Identification
Authors: Law James , Rush Robert , Anandan Chantelle , Cox Marie , Wood Rachael 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Early language delays across the preschool period have important implications for children, parents, and services raising the significance of early identification. Screening tests are an appealing solution but have proved problematic. A combined risk model would seem promising but has yet to be tested. The goal of this study was to examine the factors that predict language change in a nationally representative sample of children between 3 and 5 years when most children are identified as being in need of services.METHODS:By using data from children (n = 13 016) in the Millennium Cohort Study (a national UK birth cohort), linear regression was used to predict 5-year performance from 3-year test performance data coupled with sociodemographic and within-child factors and indicators of parental concern. Patterns of change were identified and logistic regression was used to predict the difference between children for whom profiles change and those for whom they do not.RESULTS:The final model (predicting 32% of the variance) included maternal education, pattern construction, behavior, language concerns, and 3-year vocabulary. Four change patterns were identified: one consistently low (n = 201), one consistently high (n = 12 066), a group that is resilient (n = 572), and one with a declining profile (n = 177). The models accurately predicted 71% of the declining group and 99% of the resilient group. Maternal education (odds ratio: 0.49) and behavior (odds ratio: 0.9) were significant predictors for the former and maternal education (odds ratio: 0.6) and pattern construction (odds ratio: 1.03) the latter.CONCLUSIONS:Early identification of delayed language remains problematic but, once identified, there are key indicators that predict which children are likely to be more or less at risk across time. The implications are discussed in terms of policy and practice.
Impact of Language Proficiency Testing on Provider Use of Spanish for Clinical Care
Authors: Lion K. Casey , Thompson Darcy A. , Cowden John D. , Michel Eriberto , Rafton Sarah A. , Hamdy Rana F. , Killough Emily Fitch , Fernandez Juan , Ebel Beth E. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To measure the impact of an objective evaluation of provider Spanish-language skills on self-reported language proficiency and comfort using Spanish in a range of clinical scenarios.

METHODS:
We enrolled pediatric residents with any self-reported Spanish language ability from 3 residency programs. Participants completed a baseline survey, objective language testing, and a posttest survey. We gathered demographics, self-reported Spanish ability, and comfort using Spanish in various clinical scenarios, which were grouped and analyzed by degree of complexity. Between surveys, a language testing service administered a 20-minute, telephone-based assessment of general Spanish proficiency. Scores were reported on a scale from 1 to 12, with scores ≥9 designated “proficient.” Participants received a numeric score and brief qualitative feedback on their language ability.

RESULTS:
Following testing, residents (n = 76) were significantly less likely to report comfort using Spanish in straightforward clinical scenarios, from 64% to 51% (P = .007). That difference was accounted for entirely by residents who tested at a non-proficient level (56% to 39%, P = .006). Testing had no impact on comfort using Spanish in complex or medical-legal scenarios, at any proficiency level. We found no change in self-reported Spanish proficiency in any resident group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Objective Spanish-language testing decreased nonproficient resident comfort using Spanish in straightforward clinical encounters, but it did not change comfort in complex or legal scenarios. In combination with education and enforceable policies, language testing may play an important role in decreasing nonproficient Spanish use and improving care for patients with limited English proficiency.
RCT of a Mentoring and Skills Group Program: Placement and Permanency Outcomes for Foster Youth
Authors: Taussig Heather N. , Culhane Sara E. , Garrido Edward , Knudtson Michael D. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the impact of a mentoring and skills group intervention for preadolescent children in foster care on placement stability and permanence at 1-year postintervention.

METHODS:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 9- to 11-year-old children who were maltreated and placed in foster care (n = 54 control; n = 56 intervention). State child welfare records provided information on number of placement changes, placement in residential treatment, and case closure (ie, permanency). Rates of adoption and reunification were also examined. Analysis was by intention to treat.

RESULTS:
After controlling for baseline functioning and preintervention placement history, intervention youth were 71% less likely to be placed in residential treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.98). There were no significant treatment differences in predicting placement changes or permanency for the total sample. Among a subsample of children living in nonrelative foster care at baseline, intervention youth had 44% fewer placement changes (incidence ratio = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.93), were 82% less likely to be placed in a residential treatment center (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–0.96), and were 5 times more likely to have attained permanency at 1 year postintervention (OR = 5.14, 95% CI 1.55–17.07). More intervention youth had reunified 1-year postintervention [χ2(1, N = 78) = 3.99; P &lt; .05], and the pattern of findings suggested that intervention youth had higher rates of adoption. A significant interaction [χ2(1, N = 110) = 5.43; P = .02] demonstrated that the intervention attenuated the impact of baseline behavior problems on placement changes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings suggest that participation in a 9-month mentoring and skills group intervention leads to greater placement stability and permanence, especially for children in nonrelative foster care.
Long-term artificially aging process and vibration analysis of pipes
Authors: Kocsis D. , Horváth R. , Manó S. , Godó Z. A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The identification of property changes and damage in various structures is one of the major points in the engineering society. This work contains the method and results of a long-term aging process implemented by an experimental system. We applied a chemical and heat artificial aging test on metal and plastic pipes to indicate the degradation levels and results with suitable measuring instruments. During our measurements of aged pipes vibration tests were performed to get information about the changing of the vibration spreading properties of different materials. We were searching for information about the property changing of widely used pipe materials to estimate the rate of degradation and the service life of these instruments more accurately.
Six-switch converter fed sensorless three-phase IM drive for home appliances
Authors: Elbarbary Z. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this paper, a single-phase to three-phase converter is proposed to provide variable output voltage and frequency. The proposed topology employs only six IGBT switches, which form the front-end rectifier and the output inverter for the one step conversion from single-phase supply to output three-phase supply. The front-end rectifier permits bidirectional power flow and provides excellent regulation against fluctuations in source voltage. Moreover, it incorporates active input current shaping feature. An easy method to implement control strategy is proposed. This control strategy ensures nearly unity input power factor with sinusoidal input current over the operating range. Based on sensorless vector control technique, the proposed converter is used for the speed control of the three-phase induction motor. A low cost motor drive can be achieved using the proposed converter and control technique. Simulation and experimental results are carried out to analyse and explore the characteristics of the low cost drive system.
Progress in High Conversion Efficiency a-Si/μc-Si Tandem Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Aya Youichirou , Hishida Mitsuoki , Yata Shigeo , Shinohara Wataru , Yoshida Isao , Kanematsu Daiji , Terakawa Akira , Iseki Masahiro , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA fabrication technology for high-quality, device-grade microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) thin film with a higher deposition rate has been required to reduce the production cost of amorphous silicon (a-Si)/μc-Si tandem modules. Localized Plasma Confinement CVD (LPC-CVD) has been proposed as one solution to this problem. It was found that this CVD is suitable for the deposition of high crystalline fractions and (220) orientation in the development of small-to-medium-size substrates. Since then, we have been developing high-rate deposition technology for production-size substrates by using the essence of LPC-CVD and evaluation techniques for μc-Si materials and plasma. A stabilized module efficiency of 11.1% was reported with a very high deposition rate on a production-size substrate. To improve conversion efficiency, we have been focusing on elemental technologies as well as high-rate deposition technology. Stabilized conversion efficiency of 12.2% for small-size cells (1 cm2) and stabilized module conversion efficiency of 10.7% for production-size substrates were achieved.
Linkages Between Clinical Practices and Community Organizations for Prevention: A Literature Review and Environmental Scan
Authors: Porterfield Deborah S. , Hinnant Laurie W. , Kane Heather , Horne Joseph , McAleer Kelly , Roussel Amy 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We conducted a literature review and environmental scan to develop a framework for interventions that utilize linkages between clinical practices and community organizations for the delivery of preventive services, and to identify and characterize these efforts. Methods. We searched 4 major health services and social science electronic databases and conducted an Internet search to identify examples of linkage interventions in the areas of tobacco cessation, obesity, nutrition, and physical activity. Results. We identified 49 interventions, of which 18 examples described their evaluation methods or reported any intervention outcomes. Few conducted evaluations that were rigorous enough to capture changes in intermediate or long-term health outcomes. Outcomes in these evaluations were primarily patient-focused and did not include organizational or linkage characteristics. Conclusions. An attractive option to increase the delivery of preventive services is to link primary care practices to community organizations; evidence is not yet conclusive, however, that such linkage interventions are effective. Findings provide recommendations to researchers and organizations that fund research, and call for a framework and metrics to study linkage interventions.
Fast-SAGD vs. SAGD: A Comparative Numerical Simulation in Three Major Formations of Alberta’s Oil Sands
Authors: Dang Cuong T. , Chen Zhangxin John , Nguyen Ngoc T. , Bae Wisup 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Among of the new inventions on thermal recovery, Fast-SAGD was introduced as the next generation of SAGD with greater amounts of bitumen and lower injected steam. However, there are still many suspicions about the successful of this technology such as the incremental bitumen recovery of Fast-SAGD is from the SAGD production well or combined with the offset well? It is very difficult to conclude that Fast-SAGD is better than conventional SAGD when numerical simulation of two processes was conducted in different well pattern as well the amount of operated well.
This paper presented a comparative evaluation between conventional SAGD and Fast-SAGD in three typical formations (McMurray, Clearwater, and Bluesky) of Alberta's Oil Sand. Three reservoir models with over one hundred numerical simulations under various operation conditions were developed to achieve the most unprejudiced comparison between two recovery processes. The simulation results proved that significantly recoverable bitumen was originally produced from offset well in Fast-SAGD system and leads to higher recovery factor. But, there is only slight increase in cumulative oil recovery when two processes were performed in same pattern with similar number of production wells. The result also indicated that the difference of 10kPa between steam injection pressure and reservoir pressure in literature is not enough for both SAGD and Fast-SAGD operations. And then, this study presented a numerical investigation for evaluating the potential applicability of Fast-SAGD recovery process under complex reservoir conditions such as shale barriers, thief zones with bottom and/or top water layers, overlying gas cap and fracture systems in Clearwater formation.
Potential Application of Thermal Processes To Improve Extra Heavy Oil Recovery: A Simulation Numerical Study from Orinoco Oil Belt, Boyaca Area
Authors: Urdaneta M. C. , Castellanos E. , Askoul Y. E. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate a wide variety of thermal processes in Boyacá area, located in Guárico state in the Southern flank of the Orinoco River, Basin of Venezuela, which holds an extension of 1247 km2 of extra heavy oil with an API Gravity between 4–8 (API: 4–8), porosities between 25–32% and permeabilities of 2–15 Darcies. Block 06 produced through 7 wells, two of which did not produce, while others two produced by Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) as a test. Results from these tests indicate success in one well which had an accumulated oil production of 26179 STB in one cycle. Synthetical correlations were used in order to estimate fluid and rock properties, considering data obtained from nearby blocks. Geoestatistical model resulted from a refinement of the entire Boyacá area. This new model was classified in three ranges of continuous net sand thickness. First step involved an analysis of this block using."screening criteria" to determine which thermal process was appropriated to apply. As a result, steams flooding based technologies were recommended due to their power to increase the recovery factor in heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs, providing the required heat content of steam (1200BTU/lb). A following step was building sector models in order to simulate the production history in one of the CSS wells, to simulate each thermal process and to optimize operational parameters. Subsequently, CSS and SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravitational Drainage) were simultaneously simulated. According to these simulations, it is feasible to maximize the recovery of this block up to 30% using this kind of technology. Furthermore, the best economical indicators were obtained through a combination of CSS+SAGD resulting in a net present value of 1521 M$, internal return rate of 15%, operational costs of 16 $/Bbl for an economical horizon of 20 years.
Errors and Repeatability in VSARA Analysis of Heavy Oils
Authors: Wu Wenhui , Saidian Milad , Gaur Stuti , Prasad Manika 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Increasing demands for world energy resources have accelerated the development of unconventional resources, especially of heavy oil reservoirs. Yet, the recovery of heavy oils remains challenging mainly due to variations in their viscosity. It is well known that chemical components of heavy oil control fluid properties, such as density, viscosity and shear modulus. Open column liquid chromatography is used to separate the Saturate, Aromatic, Resin, and Asphaltene (SARA) fractions. Although SARA fractions are a common method to report heavy oil compositions, they can have over 20 % errors. In this work we discuss potential error sources and establish a best-practice methodology to reduce the errors, which results in developing a modified SARA method (VSARA) to determine the composition of heavy oil. Experimental results show that the evaporative components of heavy oils, Volatile (V) fractions, are a major source of error in SARA fraction estimates. By tracking weight changes at every step of the SARA fractionation, errors are greatly reduced. Based on the comparison between SARA and VSARA results, VSARA fractions have a significantly lower error (within a 5% range) than SARA fractions alone. Multiple measurements for a single sample by different operators revealed that VSARA measurements are repeatable. Structural differences between the fractions have been verified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, which shows the reliability of the proposed SARA method. We also compare our VSARA analyses with viscosity and show that viscosity of heavy oils correlates with resin and asphaltene fractions at concentrations above 25%; below 25%, it is uncorrelated. Since heavy oil composition can change with depth, viscosity can be expected to vary as well. Accurate information of changes in the VSARA fractions can be used to evaluate viscosity and viscosity heterogeneity in heavy oil reservoirs, select appropriate recovery methods, populate reservoir models with viscosity heterogeneity, and thus predict reservoir productivity more accurately.
New Solution Polymer for SAGD Production Optimization
Authors: Behles Jacqueline A. , Hoster David E. , Picott Juan Carlos , Sartori Larry , Pancoast Jeffry D. , Grinevich Jason R. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) has become a method of choice for in-situ production of bitumen for oil sands projects in Alberta, Canada. Fluid production using SAGD results in the formation of a high water cut complex emulsion requiring the use of both reverse emulsion breakers and emulsion breakers in order to produce saleable oil to the pipeline and clean water for reuse or steam generation. As a facility grows and adds more well pairs to the system, maintaining the water quality from the separation vessels becomes increasingly important to growing the daily bitumen production. The enclosed paper will detail the development of a new solution polymer designed to treat the produced complex emulsion. Through an improved synergy with the demulsifier, the newly developed reverse emulsion breaker reduced the required levels of demulsifier to treat the fluids while maintaining or improving the system water qualities observed.
Study on Evaluation Method of Water Flooding Development in Offshore Heavy Oilfield of Semi-depletion Reservoir: A Case Study in Bohai Bay
Authors: Luo Xianbo , Zhao Chunming , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
SZ36-1oil field belongs to medium heavy oilfield, with severe heterogeneity and water flooding development. Injection/production ratio is less than one because of the low supplying ability of water source well and high injection pressure of injection well. In view of present situation and combining with other search results, a series of theory formulas, such as water cut - degree of reserve recovery relation, water storage - degree of reserve recovery relation and water drive index - degree of reserve recovery relation, are derivated based on Tong standard water flooding curve and material balance rule to evaluate flooding development in heavy oil field of low injection/production ratio. Actual curves are drawn according to production data of SZ36-1oil field I stage. Compared actual curves with theory curves, water flooding development results are evaluated combing with aciding, profile control and polymer injection and so on. The research results offer theory reference to remaining oil distribution distribution of SZ36-1 oil field I stage.
Experimental Analysis of Heavy Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage by Alternate Injection of Steam and CO2 in Deep Naturally Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Naderi Khosrow , Babadagli Tayfun 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Steam injection in heavy-oil containing naturally fractured reservoir aims at heating matrix to reduce the viscosity and enhance gravity drainage. This technique, however, is not feasible in deep reservoirs. Hydrocarbon solvent injection is also impractical due to low gravity of oil, heterogeneity, and retrieval of solvent diffused into matrix. A hybrid application of these two techniques was tested for deep reservoir conditions earlier (Steam Over Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs Method -SOS-FR) and proved success if applied suitably. The cost of hydrocarbon solvent and greenhouse gas concerns, however, entail investigations on other techniques and materials.
The use of CO2 in this type of process as solvent was considered and tested in this paper. Several issues are highly critical in this process. Like other hydrocarbon solvents used under non-isothermal conditions, the recovery process is highly sensitive to pressure and temperature as they determine the miscibility level. Also important is the capability of CO2 to extract matrix oil. Our earlier studies with light oil showed that heavier ends can be extracted if enough time is allowed for CO2 to interact with matrix oil. The same needs to be investigated for heavy-oils. Another dilemma was inverse proportionality of CO2 solubility with temperature. Steam (or heating) is inevitable to condition oil and decrease its viscosity before CO2 injection but temperature should be critically adjusted not to sacrifice CO2 solubility of oil.
To clarify all these points and determine optimal application conditions (duration of each cycles and CO2 soaking time), we conducted a series of experiments by soaking core samples saturated with heavy oil into steam first followed by CO2. In the third cycle, steam (or hot water) was injected again to produce upgraded oil in the matrix. The experiments were performed under static conditions (soaking sandpacks and sandstone samples into steam or CO2 chambers) at different temperatures and pressures to determine optimal application conditions for mutual goals; heavy oil recovery and CO2 storage in the matrix. Finally, the results were compared to those of experiments with hydrocarbon solvents from technical point of view including storage benefits of CO2.
A Comparative Study of Alkaline Flooding and Alkaline/Surfactant Flooding for Zhuangxi Heavy Oil
Authors: Pei H. H. , Zhang G. C. , Ge J. J. , Ding L. , Tang M. G. , Zheng Y. F. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this study, a comparative study of alkaline flooding and alkaline/surfactant flooding was conducted for Zhuangxi heavy oil with viscosity of 325 mPa·s at 55 °C. The results of core flooding tests show that, the tertiary oil recovery of alkaline-only flooding with the alkaline concentration in the range of 0.4–1.0 wt% can reach 22% – 31% OOIP. The coexistence of the surfactant and alkali can reduce the IFT between the heavy oil and aqueous phase to an ultralow level. However, the tertiary oil recovery of alkaline/surfactant flooding are lower than those of alkaline-only flooding. Further flood study via glass-etching micromodel tests demonstrates that injected alkaline-only solution can penetrate into the oil phase and creates some discontinuous water droplet inside the oil. The subsequent formation of droplet flow tends to reduce the mobility of the water phase and damp viscous fingering, leading to the improvement of sweep efficiency. While for alkaline/surfactant flooding, because of the addition of the surfactant, these systems exhibit better capacity in emulsification and IFT reduction, the viscous oil can be break up into fine droplets and entrained along with the flowing aqueous phase. Therefore, viscous fingering phenomena are occurred during the displacement, resulting in its relatively lower oil recovery. Comparing the results of alkaline flooding and alkaline/surfactant flooding, improving the sweep efficiency by the droplet flow in alkaline flooding is more effective than lowering IFT by alkaline/surfactant flooding for heavy oil recovery.