bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV‐Irradiation Cured Organic‐inorganic Hybrid Nanocomposite Initiated by Ethoxysilane‐modified Multifunctional Polymeric Photoinitiator through Sol‐gel Process
Authors: Hu Lihua , Shi Wenfang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe UV‐cured organic‐inorganic hybrid nanocomposite (nano‐Si‐m‐PI) was prepared through the photopolymerization of acrylic resin initiated by ethoxysilane‐modified multifunctional oligomeric photoinitiator (Si‐m‐PI). The esterification reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐4′‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐2‐methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959) with thioglycolic acid, and the following addition reactions with dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate and then 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane were carried out for preparing the Si‐m‐PI. The Si‐m‐PI exhibits the similar UV absorption and molar extinction coefficient with Irgacure 2959. The photoinitiating activity study by photo‐DSC analysis showed that the Si‐m‐PI possesses high photopolymerization rate at the peak maximum (Rpmax) and final unsaturation conversion (Pf) in the cured hybrid films. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, the SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed uniformly in the formed nano‐Si‐m‐PI, whereas the aggregation of nanoparticals occurred in nano‐Irg, which was prepared through the photopolymerization of acrylic resin initiated by Irgacure 2959. Moreover, compared with the UV‐cured pure polymer and nano‐Irg, the nano‐Si‐m‐PI showed remarkably enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties.
KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (Alum) Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl and 2‐Aryl‐4(3H)‐quinazolinone under Microwave Irradiation and Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Mohammadi Ali A. , Sadat Hossini S. S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwenty 2,3‐disubstituted‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones were synthesed by one‐pot three‐component method with isatoic anhydride, orthoesters and amines as raw materials in the presence of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O (Alum) under microwave irradiation and solvent‐free conditions. 6‐Bromo‐2‐propyl‐3‐p‐tolylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one (4m), 6‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐3‐phenethylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one (4n) and 6‐bromo‐2‐ethyl‐3‐phenethylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one (4o) were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis.
Docking Analysis and Resistance Evaluation of Clinically Relevant Mutations Associated with the HIV‐1 Non‐nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nevirapine, Efavirenz and Etravirine
Authors: Alcaro Stefano , Alteri Claudia , Artese Anna , Ceccherini‐Silberstein Francesca , Costa Giosuè , Ortuso Francesco , Bertoli Ada , Forbici Federica , Santoro Maria Mercedes , Parrotta Lucia , Flandre Philippe , Masquelier Bernard , Descamps Diane , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne‐Genevieve , Perno Carlo Federico , Sing Tobias , Svicher Valentina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn integrated computational and statistical approach was used to determine the association of non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nevirapine, efavirenz and etravirine with resistance mutations that cause therapeutic failure and their impact on NNRTI resistance. Mutations detected for nevirapine virological failure with a prevalence greater than 10 % in the used patient set were: K103N, Y181C, G190A, and K101E. A support vector regression model, based on matched genotypic/phenotypic data (n=850), showed that among 6365 analyzed mutations, K103N, Y181C and G190A have the first, third, and sixth greatest significance for nevirapine resistance, respectively. The most common indicator of treatment failure for efavirenz was K103N mutation present in 56.7 % of the patients where the drug failed, followed by V108I, L100I, and G190A. For efavirenz resistance, K103N, G190, and L100I have the first, fourth, and eighth greatest significance, respectively, as determined in support vector regression model. No positive interactions were observed among nevirapine resistance mutations, while a more complex situation was observed with treatment failure of efavirenz and etravirine, characterized by the accumulation of multiple mutations. Docking simulations and free energy analysis based on docking scores of mutated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RT complexes were used to evaluate the influence of selected mutations on drug recognition. Results from support vector regression were confirmed by docking analysis. In particular, for nevirapine and efavirenz, a single mutation K103N was associated with the most unfavorable energetic profile compared to the wild‐type sequence. This is in line with recent clinical data reporting that diarylpyrimidine etravirine, a very potent third generation drug effective against a wide range of drug‐resistant HIV‐1 variants, shows increased affinity towards K103N/S mutants due to its high conformational flexibility.
Thrombin induces osteosarcoma growth, a function inhibited by low molecular weight heparin in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ichikawa Jiro , Cole Heather A. , Magnussen Robert A. , Mignemi Nicholas A. , Butler Matthew , Holt Ginger E. , O'Rear Lynda , Yuasa Masato , Pabla Baldeep , Haro Hirotaka , Cates Justin M. M. , Hamm Heidi E. , Schwartz Herbert S. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Procoagulant states, leading to activation of the coagulation protease thrombin, are common in cancer and portend a poor clinical outcome. Although procoagulant states in osteosarcoma patients have been described, studies exploring osteosarcoma cells' ability to directly contribute to procoagulant activity have not been reported. This study explores the hypothesis that osteosarcoma can regulate thrombin generation and proliferate in response to thrombin, and that attenuating thrombin generation with anticoagulants can slow tumor growth.METHODS:Pathologic analysis of osteosarcoma with adjacent venous thrombus was performed. In vitro proliferation assays, cell‐based coagulant activity assays, and quantification of coagulation cofactor expression were performed on human and murine osteosarcoma cell lines with varying aggressiveness. The efficacy of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) attenuation of tumor‐dependent thrombin generation and growth in vitro and in vivo was determined.RESULTS:Venous thrombi adjacent to osteosarcoma were found to harbor tumor surrounded by fibrin expressing coagulation cofactors, a finding associated with poor clinical outcome. More aggressive osteosarcoma cell lines had greater surface expression of procoagulant factors and generated more thrombin than less aggressive cell lines and were found to proliferate in response to thrombin. Treatment with LMWH reduced in vitro osteosarcoma proliferation and procoagulant activity as well as tumor growth in vivo.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that elements of the coagulation cascade may play a role in and represent a pharmaceutical target to disrupt osteosarcoma growth. They also have broader implications, as they suggest that, to be effective, dosing of anticoagulants must take into account an individual tumor's capacity to generate thrombin. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A zonohedral approach to optimal colours
Authors: Centore Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article demonstrates that the CIE XYZ colour solid is a zonoid. An approximating zonohedral colour solid is constructed explicitly from a set of generating vectors, which are integrals of colour‐matching functions over narrow intervals of the visible spectrum. The zonohedral approach yields an intuitive, constructive proof of the Optimal Colour Theorem: the reflectance function of an optimal colour takes on only the values 0 or 1, with at most two transition wavelengths. In addition, zonohedral techniques can simplify computations: for example, optimal colours can be found without calculating transition wavelengths. Finally, zonohedra provide a simple, unified approach to colour space and eliminate much of the confusion arising from chromaticity diagrams. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
Basis‐Set Quality and Basis‐Set Bias in Molecular Property Calculations
Authors: Rappoport Dmitrij 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuality measures for Gaussian basis sets are proposed that are based on principal angles between the basis set and reference molecular orbitals. The principal angles are obtained from the cosine–sine (CS) decomposition of orthogonal matrices and yield detailed information about basis‐set convergence with respect to different regions of space. Principal angles for occupied orbitals show excellent correlation with basis‐set errors in ground‐state energies. Furthermore, ground‐state bias in finite basis sets can be estimated from the relation between principal angles for occupied and Rydberg orbitals. Ground‐state bias is observed in basis sets including extensive diffuse augmentation and affects the quality of computed molecular response properties. Principal angles and ground‐state bias are investigated for the H–Ne atoms and a series of diatomics using numerical Hartree–Fock calculations as a reference. Convergence of ground‐state energies and static polarizabilities is studied for the hierarchies of correlation‐consistent and Karlsruhe segmented def2 basis sets including different levels of diffuse augmentation.
Developing laryngeal muscle of Xenopus laevis as a model system: Androgen‐driven myogenesis controls fiber type transformation
Authors: Nasipak Brian , Kelley Darcy B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe developmental programs that contribute to myogenic stem cell proliferation and muscle fiber differentiation control fiber numbers and twitch type. In this study, we describe the use of an experimental model system—androgen‐regulated laryngeal muscle of juvenile clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis—to examine the contribution of proliferation by specific populations of myogenic stem cells to expression of the larynx‐specific myosin heavy chain isoform, LM. Androgen treatment of juveniles (Stage PM0) resulted in upregulation of an early (Myf‐5) and a late (myogenin) myogenic regulatory factor; the time course of LM upregulation tracked that of myogenin. Myogenic stem cells stimulated to proliferate by androgen include a population that expresses Pax‐7, a marker for the satellite cell myogenic stem cell population. Since androgen can switch muscle fiber types from fast to slow even in denervated larynges, we developed an ex vivo culture system to explore the relation between proliferation and LM expression. Cultured whole larynges maintain sensitivity to androgen, increasing in size and LM expression. Blockade of cell proliferation with cis‐platin prevents the switch from slow to fast twitch muscle fibers as assayed by ATPase activity. Blockade of cell proliferation in vivo also resulted in inhibition of LM expression. Thus, both in vivo and ex vivo, inhibition of myogenic stem cell proliferation blocks androgen‐induced LM expression and fiber type switching in juveniles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 664–675, 2012
Drosophila as a model of wound healing and tissue regeneration in vertebrates
Authors: Belacortu Yaiza , Paricio Nuria 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular basis of wound healing and regeneration in vertebrates is one of the main challenges in biology and medicine. This understanding will lead to medical advances allowing accelerated tissue repair after wounding, rebuilding new tissues/organs and restoring homeostasis. Drosophila has emerged as a valuable model for studying these processes because the genetic networks and cytoskeletal machinery involved in epithelial movements occurring during embryonic dorsal closure, larval imaginal disc fusion/regeneration, and epithelial repair are similar to those acting during wound healing and regeneration in vertebrates. Recent studies have also focused on the use of Drosophila adult stem cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Here, we review how Drosophila has contributed to our understanding of these processes, primarily through live‐imaging and genetic tools that are impractical in mammals. Furthermore, we highlight future research areas where this insect may provide novel insights and potential therapeutic strategies for wound healing and regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 240:2739–2404, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TREM‐2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell‐2, negatively regulates TLR responses in dendritic cells
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Hamerman Jessica A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDCs play a key role in defense against infections and also in preventing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The response of DCs to pathogens is tightly regulated by many mechanisms to allow for appropriate, but not pathogenic, responses. We previously showed that DCs with deficiencies for two ITAM‐bearing signaling adapters, DAP12 and FcRγ, produce more inflammatory cytokines upon treatment with Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists than WT DCs. Here, we investigated whether the TREM‐2 receptor pairs with DAP12 to inhibit TLR responses in DCs. TREM‐2‐deficient BMDCs showed increased inflammatory cytokine and type I IFN production in response to TLR ligation. Additionally, TREM‐2‐deficient BMDCs had increased TLR‐induced maturation and were more efficient at inducing antigen‐specific T‐cell proliferation upon CpG DNA stimulation compared with WT BMDCs. Finally, we showed that a TREM‐2 ligand is expressed on the surface of BMDCs, suggesting that the TREM‐2 receptor transduces inhibitory signals due to recognition of an endogenous ligand.
Graphical method to select vegetable oils as potential feedstock for biodiesel production
Authors: Viola Egidio , Zimbardi Francesco , Valerio Vito 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChemical compositions of 80 vegetable oils were collected from literature and the properties of the obtainable biodiesel (methyl esters) have been predicted by empirical relationships. The purpose has been to check the viability of predicting if a biodiesel could meet the EN 14214 standards knowing only the fatty acid profile (FAP) of the parent oil. Two parameters were used in this investigation: (i) average number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains, (ii) average number of double bonds (CC) per molecule. Two new empirical relationships have been proposed to predict the viscosity and the cetane number of biodiesel from the two parameters. The range of values of the two parameters leading to biodiesel meeting the EN 14214 standard for viscosity, cetane number, iodine value, and cold filter plugging point have been graphically obtained by overlapping the corresponding level surfaces.Practical applications: This work provides biodiesel producers with indications of the quality of biodiesel without the need for analytical testing of the product (indeed, of the product itself). Only the fatty acid profile of the starting vegetable oil is required. The quality of biodiesel can be estimated by using a chart developed in this work, allowing to estimate, e.g. if the biodiesel meets the European standards. The work can be useful to rapidly screen oil seed crops in studies of genetic engineering that require high throughput.
Modeling the electrophoresis of oligolysines
Authors: Allison Stuart A. , Perrin Catherine , Cottet Hervé 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCE is used to measure the electrophoretic mobility of low molecular mass oligo‐L‐lysines (n=1–8) in aqueous LiH2PO4 buffer, BGE, at pH 2.5 over a range of temperatures (25–50°C) and ionic strengths (10–100 mM). Mobilities are corrected for Joule heating and under the conditions of the experiment, interaction of the peptides with the capillary walls can be ignored. A “coarse grained” bead modeling methodology (BMM) (H. Pei et al., J. Chromatogr. A 2009, 1216, 1908–1916) is used to model the mobilities. This model partially accounts for peptide conformation as well as the assumed form of its secondary structure. For highly charged oligolysines, it is necessary to properly account for the relaxation effect. In the present study, the BMM approach tends to overestimate oligolysine mobility and that effect tends to increase with increasing ionic strength and peptide length. It is proposed that association between the oligolysines and buffer components (H2PO4− in this case) that go beyond classical electrostatic interactions are responsible for this discrepancy. A simple binding model is introduced that illustrates how this association can reconcile model and experiment.
A generation dispatch model internalizing external costs of power plants
Authors: Wei Xuehao , Yan Zheng , Jia Yanbing , Feng Donghan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThere are two kinds of generation dispatch models under trial operation in today's Chinese electric power industry, that is, the model based on the electricity market and the model based on energy‐saving generation. In this paper, the theory of energy consumption rights trading and pricing is firstly presented. And then a new generation dispatch model based on internalization of external costs of electric power plants is proposed. The model revises the market settlement with external cost. Through the simulation analysis on East China electricity market, it is shown that the new model achieves a joint optimization of energy saving, emission reduction, and economic benefits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of opportunistic relaying with truncated ARQ over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Zhai Chao , Xu Hongji , Liu Ju , Zheng Lina , Zhou Yong 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTOn the basis of the decode‐and‐forward protocol, the opportunistic relaying scheme selects the best relay out of the N available relays with the correct data copy of the source. The best relay forwards the data of source to the destination in the second time slot. While in the truncated automatic repeat request scheme, the relay will cooperatively do the data transmission only when the original signal is erroneously received by the destination. Through combining these two conceptions, the system throughput can be improved without sacrificing the space diversity. The performance of traditional noncooperative and such cooperative schemes with M‐ary phase‐shift keying and M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation symbols over Nakagami‐m fading channels is analysed in terms of packet error rate, symbol error rate and throughput. In addition, we suppose that the destination either combines the previous and retransmitted packets using maximal ratio combining technique or simply (SIM) discards the previous wrong packet and uses the current packet alone (SIM). Monte Carlo simulations are included to verify the accuracy of analytical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Precludes Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Viral Spread In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Meuleman Philip , Teresa Catanese Maria , Verhoye Lieven , Desombere Isabelle , Farhoudi Ali , Jones Christopher T. , Sheahan Timothy , Grzyb Katarzyna , Cortese Riccardo , Rice Charles M. , Leroux-Roels Geert , Nicosia Alfredo 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Endstage liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the Western world. However, immediate reinfection of the grafted donor liver by circulating virus is inevitable and liver disease progresses much faster than the original disease. Standard antiviral therapy is not well tolerated and usually ineffective in liver transplant patients, whereas anti-HCV immunotherapy is hampered by the extreme genetic diversity of the virus and its ability to spread by way of cell-cell contacts. We generated a human monoclonal antibody against scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), monoclonal antibody (mAb)16-71, which can efficiently prevent infection of Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes by cell-culture-derived HCV (HCVcc). Using an

Huh7.5

coculture system we demonstrated that mAb16-71 interferes with direct cell-to-cell transmission of HCV. Finally we evaluated the

in vivo

efficacy of mAb16-71 in “human liver urokinase-type plasminogen activator, severe combined immune deficiency (uPA-SCID) mice” (chimeric mice). A 2-week anti-SR-BI therapy that was initiated 1 day before viral inoculation completely protected all chimeric mice from infection with serum-derived HCV of different genotypes. Moreover, a 9-day postexposure therapy that was initiated 3 days after viral inoculation (when viremia was already observed in the animals) suppressed the rapid viral spread observed in untreated control animals. After cessation of anti-SR-BI-specific antibody therapy, a rise of the viral load was observed.

Conclusion :

Using

in vitro

cell culture and human liver-chimeric mouse models, we show that a human mAb targeting the HCV coreceptor SR-BI completely prevents infection and intrahepatic spread of multiple HCV genotypes. This strategy may be an efficacious way to prevent infection of allografts following liver transplantation in chronic HCV patients, and may even hold promise for the prevention of virus rebound during or following antiviral therapy. (Hepatology 2012)
The Transcription Factor c-Jun Protects Against Sustained Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Thereby Promoting Hepatocyte Survival
Authors: Fuest Matthias , Willim Karolina , MacNelly Sabine , Fellner Nicole , Resch Guenter P. , Blum Hubert E. , Hasselblatt Peter 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to accumulation of hepatoviral or misfolded proteins is increasingly recognized as an important step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, toxic, and metabolic liver diseases. ER stress results in the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways including Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The AP-1 (activating protein 1) transcription factor c-Jun is a prototypic JNK target and important regulator of hepatocyte survival, proliferation, and liver tumorigenesis. Because the functions of c-Jun during the ER stress response are poorly understood, we addressed this issue in primary hepatocytes and livers of hepatocyte-specific

c-Jun

knockout mice. ER stress was induced pharmacologically

in vitro

and

in vivo

and resulted in a rapid and robust induction of c-Jun protein expression. Interestingly, ER-stressed hepatocytes lacking

c-Jun

displayed massive cytoplasmic vacuolization due to ER distension. This phenotype correlated with exacerbated and sustained activation of canonical ER stress signaling pathways. Moreover, sustained ER stress in hepatocytes lacking

c-Jun

resulted in increased cell damage and apoptosis. ER stress is also a strong inducer of macroautophagy, a cell-protective mechanism of self-degradation of cytoplasmic components and organelles. Interestingly, autophagosome numbers in response to ER stress were reduced in hepatocytes lacking

c-Jun

. To further validate these findings, macroautophagy was inhibited chemically in ER-stressed wildtype hepatocytes, which resulted in cytoplasmic vacuolization and increased cell damage closely resembling the phenotypes observed in

c-Jun

-deficient cells.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that c-Jun protects hepatocytes against excessive activation of the ER stress response and subsequent cell death and provide evidence that c-Jun functionally links ER stress responses and macroautophagy. (Hepatology 2012)