bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Capacity of Students with Different Levels of Physical Activity as Assessed by IPAQ
Authors: Mynarski Władysław , Rozpara Michał , Czapla Krzysztof , Garbaciak Wiesław 
Published: August 2009

Aerobic Capacity of Students with Different Levels of Physical Activity as Assessed by IPAQ
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) has become one of the world's most valuable tools for measuring physical activity in different groups or populations.
The relationship between regular, moderate-intensity physical activity and health parameters including physical fitness and aerobic capacity has been clearly proven by numerous investigations throughout the world.
The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of differences in absolute & relative (lxmin-1, mlxkg-1xmin-1) VO2 max, by using the Astrand-Ryhming normogram in students aged 19 to 24 years, depending on their weekly energy expenditure (METminxweek-1), as diagnosed with IPAQ.
The significance of differences in aerobic capacity between highly and moderately active students was evaluated. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of the strength of the correlation between the above parameters in female and male groups.
VO2 max was significantly higher in male and female participants, with a high level of physical activity, as determined through IPAQ criteria.
Knowledge Areas Necessary for Successful NCAA Division III Certified Athletic Trainers: NCAA Division III Certified Athletic Trainers' Perceptions
Authors: Schneider Robert 
Published: August 2009

Knowledge Areas Necessary for Successful NCAA Division III Certified Athletic Trainers: NCAA Division III Certified Athletic Trainers' Perceptions
NCAA Division III head certified athletic trainers (ATCs) (n=185) were surveyed to determine knowledge areas needed by ATCs to be successful as Division III ATCs. A Likert-like scale survey consisted of 12 athletic training related knowledge areas and included the following five point scale: essential, very important, important, not very important, and irrelevant. Findings indicated that it is important that Division III ATCs have all 12 knowledge areas to be successful. Although injury-related knowledge areas were considered essential, all of the knowledge areas were at least considered important to the success of ATCs, and none were considered irrelevant. Those involved in athletic training curricular issues should place or continue to place the most emphasis on areas related to injuries.
The Effects of Water Exercises and Swimming on Physical Fitness of Children with Mental Retardation
Authors: Yılmaz Ilker , Ergu Nevin , Konukman Ferman , Agbuğa Bulent , Zorba Erdal , Cimen Zafer 
Published: August 2009

The Effects of Water Exercises and Swimming on Physical Fitness of Children with Mental Retardation
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of water exercises and swimming on physical fitness of children with mental retardation. Nine trainable and 7 educable male children (n = 16) were recruited from a rehabilitation center. The mean ages of the groups were 12.22±0.49 and 14.71±0.52 years, respectively. Training program was applied for 10-week, two times a week for 40 minute each session. Pre- and post-tests measurements were taken for cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, speed, static balance, and agility. Results showed that both groups improved significantly (p<0.05) in all dependent variables. Water exercises and swimming appear to be a viable and effective way to improve physical fitness capacity of the children with mental retardation.
Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Oligocene Afales Basin, Ithaki island, western Greece
Authors: Drinia Hara 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAssemblages of benthic foraminifera from one clastic succession in the Afales Basin (Ithaki Island, western Greece) were investigated to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Oligocene. The section consists of alternating hemipelagic marls and detrital deposits, designated as flysch-like beds, attributed to biostratigraphic Zones P20 and P21. Planktic percentages are mostly high (66–80%). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages comprise calcareous and agglutinated taxa (up to 15%). The prevalence of epifaunal foraminifera indicates good ventilation of the bottom water resulting from basin morphology, which enabled the undisturbed flow of water throughout the basin. Palaeodepth estimates imply bathyal deposition, from about 800 to 1200 m deep. The benthic foraminiferal fauna is of high diversity along the section, as is expected in deep marine environments. The abundances of the most common foraminiferal taxa (Cibicidoides spp., Oridorsalis umbonatus, Gyroidinoides spp., Stilostomella spp., Nodosariidae, Nuttallides umbonifera) are quite variable and imply generally oligotrophic to mesotrophic environmental conditions with variable organic flux.
Geological mapping by geobotanical and geophysical means: a case study from the Bükk Mountains (NE Hungary)
Authors: Németh Norbert , Petho Gabor 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGeological mapping of an unexposed area can be supported by indirect methods. Among these, the use of mushrooms as geobotanical indicators and the shallow-penetration electromagnetic VLF method proved to be useful in the Bükk Mountains. Mushrooms have not been applied to geological mapping before. Common species like Boletus edulis and Leccinum aurantiacum are correlated with siliciclastic and magmatic formations while Calocybe gambosa is correlated with limestone. The validity of this correlation observed in the eastern part of the Bükk Mts. was controlled on a site where there was an indicated (by the mushrooms only) but unexposed occurrence of siliciclastic rocks not mapped before. The extent and structure of this occurrence were explored with the VLF survey and a trial-and-error method was applied for the interpretation. This case study presented here demonstrates the effectiveness of the combination of these relatively simple and inexpensive methods.
Impact of metallurgy on the geochemical signature of dusts, soils and sediments in the vicinity of Elbasan complex (Albania)
Authors: Shtiza Aurela , Tashko Artan , Swennen Rudy , Brande Adelheit 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn investigation of the metallurgical complex surroundings in Elbasani, Albania used background samples to rule out the level of contamination in the study area. Our results show that atmospheric dust particles and soils are of high concern while overbank sediments and actual river sediments are of lower concern. The heavy metals with concentrations of up to 5 times above the local background values are Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe and Co in soils; Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb in dust particles; and, Cr and Zn in the actual river/stream sediments. Due to the small size of the dust particles and the atmospheric transportation mechanism primarily related to prevailing winds, the concern for the transport of dust particles is high, especially with respect to risks associated with inhalation. The people working and living in the vicinity of the metallurgical complex of Elbasani are at the highest risk of exposure. Concerns relating to soils are associated with the potential for translocation of the trace element particles into vegetation, in particular, within the upper part of the plants. Therefore, the consumption of the vegetables grown in the vicinity of the metallurgical site should be avoided. Special attention has been given to the Shkumbini river, where the long residence time of water and particulates may result in transitions of trace elements between dissolved and particulate phases downstream.
Landscape change analysis and assessment (case studies in Slovakia and Bulgaria)
Authors: Feranec Jan , Kopecka Monika , Vatseva Rumiana , Stoimenov Anton , Otahel Jan , Betak Juraj , Husar Karol 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLandscape change assessment was conducted in selected areas of Slovakia and Bulgaria in 1990–2000 using CORINE land cover (CLC) data layer analysis. Assessment of causes that led to these changes was undertaken, with an emphasis on those that determined the extensification of agriculture. The LC data were obtained under the CLC90 and I&CLC2000 projects, jointly managed by the European Environment Agency in Copenhagen, Denmark and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in Ispra, Italy. The CLC1990-2000-changes data layer was generated by overlaying the CLC90 and CLC2000 data layers for change in areas of a minimum 5 ha. The analysed causes of changes (driving forces) were then classified. Land cover (LC) changes characterizing urbanization processes occurred only in the Trnava and Tatras areas. Intensification of agriculture was also higher in these two areas. LC changes characterizing the extensification of agriculture were dominant in Plovdiv and Trnava. Deforestation and forestation were identified in all areas (Trnava, Tatras, Plovdiv, and Burgas). The basic reasons of these changes were related to the transformation of national economies from being centrally planned to market controlled, following the fall of socialism and before the countries joined the European Union.
On the occurrence of a pumice-rich layer in Holocene deposits of western Peloponnesus, Ionian Sea, Greece. A geomorphological and geochemical approach
Authors: Bathrellos George , Vasilatos Charalampos , Skilodimou Hariklia , Stamatakis Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA single, pumice-rich sandy horizon located in Holocene deposits of western Peloponnesus, Ionian Sea, Greece has been newly detected in a littoral belt 250 m wide and more than 3km long. Pumice fragments are hosted in siliceous-cherty sand that overlies coarser clastic sediments, and occur in varying sizes. The geomorphology of the area and the development of two dune systems played an important role in the entrapment of the pumice fragments. These were transported there by the wind and marine currents, rather than by a tsunami event. The chemistry of the pumice fragments is constistent throughout the deposit. Major and trace element analysis of the pumice suggests an origin in the south Aegean Volcanic Arc, rather than in southern Italy and surroundings. The age of this deposition is thought to be younger than 4,000 years before present.
Determination of the separability of coastal community assemblages of the Al Wajh Barrier Reef, Red Sea, from hyperspectral data
Authors: Hamylton Sarah 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRemote sensing provides a practical means by which coral reefs and their associated communities are commonly mapped. The availability of spectral information is a key determinant of the detail discernable in the mapping process and consequent detail presented in output maps. Testament to this is the increasing utility of hyperspectral sensors, which typically yield datasets of higher resolution, spectrally continuous wavebands. Image classification algorithms distinguish between the different and unique reflectance characteristics of target features. While the availability of more wavebands provides the opportunity to apply analysis techniques that treat the data as spectrally continuous, such a large number of data dimensions also present a considerable computing burden. Through multiple discriminant function analysis, this paper identifies an optimal subset of wavelengths for resolving the reflectance of key terrestrial and marine coverages at the Al Wajh Barrier reef system, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. The goal of such analysis is to facilitate the processing of high resolution, spectrally continuous remote sensing data of coastal landscapes.
Distribution and sorption of potentially toxic metals in four forest soils from Hungary
Authors: Sipos Péter 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Metals of natural and anthropogenic origin behave differently in soils mostly due to their different mobility. In this study, sequential extractions and batch sorption experiments were performed to relate the fractionation of native Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb to the sorption properties of added metals in four soils with contrasting physiochemical characteristics. A significant effect due to sample composition on both the mobility and sorption characteristics of these metals was found. The efficiency of soil components in metal immobilization was in the order of carbonate > organic matter > swelling clay minerals. The partitioning of native metals together with the information gained through the sorption isotherms allows a deeper insight on the fate and behavior of metals in soils with various compositions.
Variations in solar and geomagnetic activity with periods near to 1.3 year
Authors: Střeštïk Jaroslav 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
It is known that solar wind velocity fluctuates regularly with a period of about 1.3 years. This periodicity (and other signals with periods near to 1.1 and 0.9 years) has also been observed in biological data. The variation is a temporary feature, mostly being observed in the early 1990s. Here, the occurrence of these periodic signals in solar and geomagnetic activity between 1932 and 2005 has been investigated. The signal with 1.3 year period is present in geomagnetic activity only in a short interval after 1990 and to a lesser extent around 1942. At other times the signal is very weak or not present at all. Other periods are much lower amplitude and appear only sporadically throughout the time investigated. A connection between these periods and solar cycles (e.g. different even or odd cycles) has not been proven. It is possible that there is a long-term periodicity in the occurrence of the 1.3 year period but the time series data available is insufficient to confirm this. There are no such periodicities in solar activity. In order to gain a greater understanding of these periodic signals, we should search for their origin in interplanetary space.
Groundwater and soil geochemistry of the Eastern Kopaida region (Beotia, central Greece)
Authors: Tziritis Evangelos 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The Kopaida plain is a cultivated region of Eastern Greece, with specific characteristics related to the paleogeographic evolution and the changes in land use of the area. This study examines the geochemical conditions of the groundwater and soil, and the correlations between them. 70 samples (50 samples of groundwater and 20 samples of soil) were collected in order to asses the geochemical status and the major natural and manmade affecting processes in the region. Extended chemical analyses were carried out including the assessment of 28 parameters for groundwater and 13 for soil samples. The results revealed that groundwater geochemistry is influenced primary by natural processes such as the geological background, and secondary by manmade impact mainly deriving from the extended use of Nitrogen-fertilizers and the over-exploitation of boreholes. Soil geochemistry is influenced exclusively by natural processes, such as weathering of the prevailing geological formations. Chemical analyses and the statistical processing of data revealed that the major factor for the geochemical status of soils is the weathering of the karstic substrate, as well as the existing lateritic horizons and a weak sulfide mineralization.
Continental and oceanic precipitation régime in Europe
Authors: Mikolaskova Katerina 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
This work considers continentality from the point of view of an annual course of precipitation. It assesses continentality according to percentage of precipitation in summer and winter half year, ratio of precipitation in summer to winter half year and the period of half year precipitation in the area of WMO Region VI (Europe). Region VI can be divided into five main regions according to their annual course of precipitation. These regions are: Northwestern Europe with precipitation in all seasons, a predominance of winter precipitation and maximum precipitation in December and January; Central Europe with precipitation in all seasons, a predominance of summer precipitation and maximum precipitation in July; Eastern Europe with less precipitation over the year than in Northwestern Europe, a predominance of summer precipitation and maximum precipitation in July; the Mediterranean region with a predominance of winter precipitation, a dry season in summer and maximum precipitation in November and December; and Western Asia with a variable climate, a predominance of winter precipitation and maximum precipitation in December and January. Continentality from the point of view of precipitation rises towards the east. In comparison with thermal continentality, according to Gorczynski, it unexpectedly reaches its maximum in the centre of Europe (especially in northeast of the Czech Republic and south of Poland).
Expanding the Cenozoic paleoceanographic record in the Central Arctic Ocean: IODP Expedition 302 Synthesis
Authors: Backman Jan , Moran Kathryn 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX) proved to be one of the most transformational missions in almost 40 year of scientific ocean drilling. ACEX recovered the first Cenozoic sedimentary sequence from the Arctic Ocean and extended earlier piston core records from ≈1.5 Ma back to ≈56 Ma. The results have had a major impact in paleoceanography even though the recovered sediments represents only 29% of Cenozoic time. The missing time intervals were primarily the result of two unexpected hiatuses. This important Cenozoic paleoceanographic record was reconstructed from a total of 339 m sediments. The wide range of analyses conducted on the recovered material, along with studies that integrated regional tectonics and geophysical data, produced surprising results including high Arctic Ocean surface water temperatures and a hydrologically active climate during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), the occurrence of a fresher water Arctic in the Eocene, ice-rafted debris as old as middle Eocene, a middle Eocene environment rife with organic carbon, and ventilation of the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait near the early-middle Miocene boundary. Taken together, these results have transformed our view of the Cenozoic Arctic Ocean and its role in the Earth climate system.
Bayesian analysis of data and model uncertainty in 3D seismic travel-time tomography
Authors: Arvanitis Michael , Vlamos Panagiotis 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We present a probabilistic analysis of seismic travel-time equations using the Bayesian Method. The assessment of models and data is crucial in 3D seismic travel-time tomography, and a method quantitatively assess the quality of both the data and the model is necessary in order to attain the most realistic results. The Bayesian method that we propose here is more effective than the frequentist approach, both in analysis time and uncertainty minimization, when processing large sets of tomographic data.
The geochemistry of Boron-rich groundwater of the Karlovassi Basin, Samos Island, Greece
Authors: Stamatakis Michael , Tziritis Evangelos , Evelpidou Niki 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The upper Miocene of Karlovassi Basin, Samos Island, Greece, contain continental evaporites such as colemanite, ulexite, celestite, gypsum and thenardite. These evaporites are related with volcanic tuffs, diagenetically altered in a saline-alkaline lake environment. The aim of the present paper is to: a) define the impact of the already known and possible buried borates and other evaporites to the geochemistry of the hydrogeological system of Karlovassi Basin, and; b) to assess the correlation between surface and underground evaporite deposits considering the spatial changes in the concentrations of the examined physicochemical parameters. Fieldwork, laboratory measurements and literature data revealed elevated boron values (2136–33012 ⧎/L) in the central part of Karlovassi Basin. In the same area, high amounts of strontium, sodium, lithium and sulfates also occur. It is proposed that these ions originate from the leaching of evaporites and authigenic minerals such as the Sr-rich clinoptilolite and the boron-bearing potassium feldspar. Boron values are abnormally high for freshwater aquifers, and are indicative of the presence of buried evaporites in the basin with unknown significance.
Appropriate sampling strategy and analytical methodology to address contamination by industry: Part 1. Conceptual model of a sampling design and sampling types
Authors: Shtiza Aurela , Tashko Artan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a literature review on the conceptual model of a sampling design and the different types of samples that can be used to characterize the nature and the extent of contamination at a specific site. The main findings stress the importance of sampling for obtaining relevant sample types and subsequent-qualitative results. The proposed sampling design can be used for environmental studies where, the efficient use of time, money, and human resources are very critical. A good quality sampling design should meet the needs of the study with a minimum expenditure of resources.
Investigation of hydrogen sulphide eruptions along the Namibian coastline using different remote sensing systems
Authors: Ohde Thomas 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide eruptions with their typical turquoise discolorations at the water surface are a unique phenomenon along the Namibian coastline. The remote sensing techniques of ocean colour sensors and microwave scatterometers were used for the investigation of such events. The studies with ocean colour sensors showed that the turquoise discolorations near the Namibian coast were neither linked to dust deposition into the water column by desert storms nor to the reflection of bright material in shallow water areas. In addition, other coloured marine events like algae blooms and river outflows were differentiable from the hydrogen sulphide eruptions by their special optical properties. Quasi-true colour images and spectral identification methods were utilised to monitor and investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of sulphide events. In the past years, they were sometimes and locally limited discovered. Newest remote sensing observations including our own investigations have established that the occurrence of sulphide events is more frequent and longer lasting. The north-westerly direction of propagation and their velocity between 12 cm s-1 and 15 cm s1 were derived from an event on 14 April 2004. Lastly, the microwave scatterometer remote sensing was applied to investigate the relation of sulphide events to oceanographic conditions. The events from May 2004 were clearly related to strong coastal upwelling.