bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epipolar resampling for Satellite Linear Pushbroom Images Using Block-wise Affine Transformation Parallel Method
Authors: Liu Chen , Chen Bingsun , Wen Zhang , Li Linyi , Meng Lingkui , Zhao Shuangming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Epipolar resampling is an essential step for 3D reconstruction and Digital Surface Moeld(DSM) generation from satellite images. However, with improved satellite image resolutions and larger image size, the time required for epipolar resampling increases exponentially. While the polynomial fitting methods based on Piecewise Projection Trajectory Method (PPTM) is commonly employed for epipolar resampling, its effectiveness and efficiency diminish when confronted with large and high-resolution images. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel parallel block-wise epipolar resampling method designed to expedite the resampling process without compromising accuracy. This method leverages PPTM and fixed elevation plane to establish the relationship between left and right epipolar points. Local affine transformations and image partitioning replace polynomial transformations applied across the entire image to approximate the correspondence between original and epipolar images. Furthermore, parallel computation was employed for block-wise pixel resampling acceleration. Experimental analysis using IKONOS-2, ZY-3, and GF-7 images confirms the efficacy and accuracy of our method. We achieve subpixel y-disparities comparable to polynomial fitting methods, while reducing resampling time by 10 to 20 percent through single-core serialization. Moreover, multi-core parallelism approach achieves a parallel efficiency exceeding 80%.
Vanadyl porphyrin – efficient spin probe to study the alumina surface of supported catalysts in situ
Authors: Chetkova Anna , Trukhan Sergey , Martyanov Oleg 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The EPR method and vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrin complex (VOTPP) as a spin probe were employed to study the transformation of the γ-Al2O3 surface during temperature treatment. It has been shown that VOTPP complex is stable at least up to a temperature of 450°C and \({P}_{{\text{O}}_{2}}\) ≲ 3 Pa. Four distinct forms of vanadyl complex were identified on the γ-Al₂O₃ surface, depending on the annealing temperature. The intensity ratio between these forms, exhibiting significantly different spin-Hamiltonian parameters, depend on the degree of surface hydration, which in turn determines the ratio between sites with different acidity on the γ-Al2O3 surface. It has been shown that VOTPP complex demonstrate reversible transitions between different adsorption forms on the alumina surface during dehydration/hydration cycles. The observed phenomenon can be explained by the coordination vanadyl spin probe along the axial axis to the surface centers of different polarity/acidity.
Evaluation of the usability of ancient hulled wheat in saline soil cultivation based on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense responses
Authors: Temizgül Rıdvan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Soil salinization is the second most crucial factor causing soil degradation after soil erosion, which reduces crop yields by severely restricting plant growth and development. In this study, the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses of four different ancient hulled wheat against exogenously administered glycine-betaine (0.5 mM) along with sodium and potassium-based individual (0-200 mM) and combined (50–100 mM) salt stresses. According to the results obtained here, we tried to predict the tolerance of these varieties to salt stress and the extent to which they can be used in saline/sodic soils. According to the study results, sodium and potassium chloride-based salts above 100 mM cause high stress levels in hulled wheat. When sodium and potassium chloride salts are given together, this stress decreases by approximately 20–30%. When supplemented with exogenous glycine-betaine, almost all the adverse effects of stress disappear, especially in the T. boeoticum variety, and the plant regains normal growth functions. Especially in soils where salinity is caused by sodium, ancient hulled wheat is grown rather than modern cultivated wheat, and if potassium fertilizers are given to the plants in addition to nitrogenous fertilizers, the plant can control the ingress of salt into the cell and cope with salinity stress by maintaining the intracellular K+/Na+ balance. As a result, successful results can be achieved in terms of food safety by increasing the product yield.
Investigating cross-organism prediction of prokaryotic essential proteins using unsupervised language model and ensemble strategy
Authors: Liu Zhikang , Wang Han , Li Chang , Wan Jing , Gao Jingyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background Cross-organism prediction of essential proteins significantly improves the discovery of new drugs and the ability to re-engineer microorganisms. Despite the proficiency of current methodologies in machine learning and deep learning for predicting essential proteins, most of them do not address the applicability of such methods to cross-organism prediction. Such applicability is important because a useful predictor must perform well outside the organisms on which it is trained.
Results In this study, we develop a large language model-and bidirectional long short-term memory-based approach called 'DeepPEP' that reliably transfers essential protein annotations between distantly related organisms. We curate 66 prokaryotic datasets and utilize these datasets to systematically investigate DeepPEP's capability in cross-organism prediction. Initially, we explore pair-wise prediction, wherein a model trained on data from one organism is utilized to predict outcomes for another organism. Our findings reveal a correlation between prediction performance and evolutionary distance, prompting us to consider utilizing species with closer evolutionary relationships for cross-species prediction tasks. However, subsequent investigations indicate that integrating training sets from multiple organisms yields superior performance. Subsequently, we devise a scenario closely resembling real-world cross-organism applications. In this scenario, the performance of DeepPEP is comparable to the state-of-the-art tool: Geptop 2.0, with DeepPEP demonstrating more sensitivity in predicting species-specific essential proteins. Finally, we conduct a case study to exemplify DeepPEP's efficacy in predicting essential proteins in novel genomes.
Conclusions Our proposed model represents a valuable strategy for cross-organism prediction of prokaryotic essential proteins. Moreover, the scenario we establish, which closely resembles real-world applications, can serve as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of future models.
Validation of Collision Detection and Avoidance Methods for Urban Air Mobility through Simulation
Authors: Panchal Isha , Armanini Sophie F. , Metz Isabel C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Urban Air Mobility is a new concept of regional aviation that has been growing in popularity as a solution to the issue of ever-increasing ground traffic. Electric vehicles with vertical take-off and landing capabilities are being developed by numerous market companies as a result of the push toward environmentally sustainable aviation. The next stage in this development process would be to define the concept of operation of these conceptual aircraft and then to integrate them with the existing airspace once they are airborne. In addition to coordinating with conventional air traffic and other Urban Air Mobility vehicles, collision avoidance with uncooperative airspace users has to be addressed. Birds and drones of all sizes pose a serious risk to these low-flying aircraft. Innovative collision detection and avoidance techniques need to be employed due to the uncooperative nature of these airspace users and different performance characteristics of Urban Air Mobility vehicles compared to classical fixed-wing aircraft. The aim of this study is to validate the concept of one such system by means of fast-time simulations. This system builds, similarly to the Airborne Collision Avoidance System, on safety envelopes and rule-based collision-avoidance to prevent collisions with non-cooperative airspace members. The system is designed to work with all aircraft configurations used for Urban Air Mobility operations. To assess its influence on safety and capacity, different scenarios are modelled by varying parameters such as intruder type, location, flight path. The parameters assessed are differences in flight time and closest point of approach with and without the collision avoidance system in place. Moreover, the influence of different configurations of Urban Air Mobility aircraft on these parameters is analysed. The results show that the separation between the ownship and intruder is increased substantially which leads to safe operations at bearable delay costs.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tangerine and Mandarin Citrus Accessions from Indonesia using SSR and SCoT Markers
Authors: Nugroho Kristianto , Santoso Tri Joko , Kosmiatin Mia , Sukma Dewi , Purwito Agus , Husni Ali , Reflinur Reflinur , Lestari Puji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Citrus is one of prominent horticultural crops that highly consumed by people around the world. Indonesia, as a country being located near the equator, has several local accessions of tangerine and mandarin citrus that remain poorly characterized. Thus, assessment of their genetic diversity will facilitate us in adequately identifying accessions conferring important traits suitable for breeding program. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Indonesia’s local accessions of tangerine and mandarin citrus using SSR and SCoT markers. Fifty three citrus genotypes representing 8 tangerine accessions, 28 mandarin accessions, and 17 outgroup accessions were subjected to genetic diversity analysis using 20 SSR and SCoT markers. The number of alleles detected by SCoT markers was higher than by SSR markers accounted for 137 and 107, respectively, while the number of alleles at each locus detected by ScoT and SSR markers varied from 6 to 12 and 2 to 10, respectively. Additionally, 19 SCoT and 18 SSR markers with PIC value greater than 0.5 were identified, indicating their potential as highly informative markers in citrus breeding programs. The phylogenetic tree and PCoA plot constructed from both SSR and SCoT markers revealed clearly discrimination of tangerine, mandarin, and outgroup accessions. The AMOVA results showed a higher genetic variation observed within populations in comparison to that among populations, indicating high cross-pollination in the citrus accessions used in the study. The population structure, represented by the highest delta K value of K = 2 in SSR markers and K = 3 in SCoT markers, also revealed evidence of genes flow occurred among citrus populations. The results of this study would beneficially provide an important information for citrus breeding strategies in the future.
Enhanced Real-Time Computer Vision and Intelligent Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
Authors: Sharma Neerav , Garg Rahul Dev , Bhattacharjee Shubham , Dash Prajna Parimita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The trends of autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems are increasing exponentially in the global context and sooner or later, it will overtake the existing transport sector. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a paramount role in its strengthening and deployment. Computer vision and decision-making are some of the primitive tasks executed by AI techniques. The prominent challenge arises when the detection contains false alarms which leads to inaccurate computer vision and correspondingly, wrong and imprecise decision-making. This paper presents an enhanced computer vision and decision-making framework for real-time intelligent transportation system applications and assisting the scenario of autonomous driving with minute false alarms. Existing technologies are unable to detect animals in real-time which is a major fallback for autonomous vehicle applications. The system involves a developed computer vision technique based on deep learning YOLO v6 and optimized with stochastic variance reduced gradient approach capable of detecting bike, car, mini truck, cow, dog and pedestrians with minimal false alarms. The developed technique was tested on real-world road networks using 50 set of vehicles. The mean average precision (mAP) scores for all classes accounts to 0.9783 with a frame rate of 87 frames per second deployed on NVIDIA GPU. The developed system showed precise detections in both day and night time and presents a strong baseline for advanced autonomous vehicle applications for real-world transportation scenarios.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with multiple as opposed to single pathogens detected on the gastrointestinal disease polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Mannstadt Insa , Choy Alexa , Li Jianhua , Green Daniel A , Freedberg Daniel E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of gastrointestinal disease multiplex polymerase chain reaction (GI PCR) testing has become common for suspected gastrointestinal infection. Patients often test positive for multiple pathogens simultaneously through GI PCR, although the clinical significance of this is uncertain.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with detection of multiple (as opposed to single) pathogens on GI PCR. We included adult patients who underwent GI PCR testing from 2020 to 2023 and had one or more pathogens detected. We compared patients with multiple versus those with single pathogens and hypothesized that immunosuppression would be a risk factor for detection of multiple pathogens. We further hypothesized that, during the 90 days after GI PCR testing, patients with multiple pathogens would have worse clinical outcomes such as increased rates of ED visits, death, hospitalization, or ambulatory care visits.
Results
GI PCR was positive in 1,341 (29%) of tested patients; 356 patients had multiple pathogens and 985 had one pathogen. The most common pathogens included Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC, 27%), norovirus (17%), and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC,14%) in both multiply and singly positive patients. Immunosuppression was not associated with multiple pathogens (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% CI (0.96, 1.86). The factors most associated with multiple pathogens were Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.42, 2.45) and chronic kidney disease (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13, 2.49). Patients with multiple pathogens were more likely to have ED visits during the 90 days after GI PCR testing (40% vs. 32%, p<0.01), but they were not more likely to die, be hospitalized, or to have ambulatory medical visits.
Conclusions
Immunosuppression was not associated with detection of multiple as opposed to single pathogens on GI PCR testing. There were worse clinical outcomes associated with detection of multiple pathogens, although these effects were modest.
Particle size sets the carbon penetration depth during ocean bloom export events
Authors: Lacour Léo , Briggs Nathan , Petiteau Louis , Bressac Matthieu , Guidi Lionel , Castro Bieito Fernández , Picheral Marc , Catalano Camille , Schmechtig Catherine , Leymarie Edouard , Poteau Antoine , Claustre Hervé , Boyd Philip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Sinking biogenic particles are central to transporting carbon to depth. To date, studies have focused on quantifying the downward export flux from the epipelagic (0-100 m), often neglecting particle fate in the mesopelagic (100–1000 m) due to sampling issues. Particle fate is set by sinking speed and flux attenuation which determine penetration depth. Characterising particle penetration depth is essential to quantify atmospheric return times for biologically-fixed carbon, hence the influence of the biological pump on climate. Here, a profiling float-based imaging sensor, measuring particle abundance over 14 size-classes (0.1–2.58 mm), revealed conspicuous particle export pulses, from two annual phytoplankton blooms, with size-dependent sinking speeds from 3 to 136 m d− 1. Penetration depth of small slow-sinking particles (< 0.6 mm) was < 200 m, accounting for 66% of POC attenuation across all size-classes over the mesopelagic. Larger particles, penetrating to > 900 m, resulted in only a small increase in POC attenuation to 77% at 200 m. This attenuation exceeded that from respiration (42%), derived from float-based oxygen measurements, suggesting that POC attenuation was jointly controlled by remineralisation and fragmentation. This float-based approach can assess the downward and return pathway of the biological pump.
Evaluating trends in damage to Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits deployed during the second year of a two-year Phase III trial in Western Zambia
Authors: Kyomuhangi Irene , Yukich Joshua , Saili Kochelani , Orange Erica , Masuzyo Mundia H. , Mwenya Mwansa , Mambo Patricia , Hamainza Busiku , Wagman Joe , Miller John , Chanda Javan , Silumbe Kafula , Littrell Megan , Eisele Thomas P. , Ashton Ruth A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Attractive Targeted Sugar Baits (ATSBs) are a proposed new vector control tool for malaria that contain sugar and an ingestion toxicant, and are designed to attract and kill sugar-feeding mosquitoes. During a two-arm cluster randomized Phase III trial conducted in Zambia to test the efficacy of ATSB stations on malaria incidence, ATSB stations deployed in intervention clusters were routinely monitored to ensure their good physical condition and high coverage. This study investigates trends in prevalence and rate of damage to ATSB stations during year 2 of the two-year trial.
Methods:
A secondary analysis was conducted using monitoring data collected in year 2. Data included types of damage observed, location, and date of removal and/or replacement of ATSB stations. In this study we evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of overall damage and different damage types among 68,299 ATSB stations deployed. A profile of all ATSB stations installed on each structure was constructed, and spatial analyses conducted on overall damage and different damage types observed on 18,890 structures. Mixed effects regression analyses were conducted to investigate drivers of damage to ATSB stations on these structures.
Results:
Prevalence of overall damage and different damage types was temporally and spatially heterogeneous. Among damaged ATSB stations observed during monitoring, tears and mold had the highest prevalences on average, with tears maintaining above 50.0% prevalence through most of the monitoring period, while mold prevalence increased steadily during the first few months, peaking in February. Overall, 45.6% of structures had at least one damaged ATSB station, however this varied spatially across the trial site. Both structure characteristics and environmental factors significantly impacted the odds and rate of damage to ATSB stations on structures, including: ATSB stations’ level of protection from rainfall and sunshine; roof and wall material of the structure; night-time temperature; rainfall; enhanced vegetation index, and land cover.
Conclusion:
Damage to ATSB stations in this setting was temporally and spatially heterogeneous; and has implications on operational feasibility, sustainability, and cost of future deployment. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms of damage, and to minimize prevalence and rate of damage to ATSB stations.
Wafer-scale vertical injection III-nitride deep-ultraviolet light emitters
Authors: Xu Fujun , Wang Jiaming , Ji Chen , Lang Jing , Zhang Lisheng , Kang Xiangning , Qin Zhixin , Yang Xuelin , Tang Ning , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A ground-breaking roadmap of III-nitride solid-state deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light emitters is demonstrated to realize the wafer-scale fabrication of devices in vertical injection configuration, from 2 to 4 inches, and expectably larger. The epitaxial device structure is stacked on a GaN template instead of conventionally adopted AlN, where the primary concernof the tensile strain for Al-rich AlGaN on GaN is addressed via an innovative decoupling strategy, making the device structure decoupled from the underlying GaN template. Moreover, the strategy provides a protection cushion against the stress mutation during the removal of substrates. As such, large-sized DUV light-emitting diode (LED) wafers can be obtained without surface cracks, even after the removal of the sapphire substrates by laser lifted-off. Wafer-scale fabrication of 280 nm vertical injection DUV-LEDs is eventually exhibited, where a light output power of 65.2 mW is achieved at a current of 200 mA, largely thanks to the significant improvement of light extraction. This work will definitely speed up the application of III-nitride solid-state DUV light emitters featuring high performance and scalability.
Apoptotic: In-silico and In-vitro Study on Alzheimer’s Marker, and Bioactive Derived from Benincasa hispida using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: RC Pooja , DR Bharathi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Molecular docking is a viable and useful method to develop new herbal therapies to fulfill different therapeutic needs. One of the biggest issues is the lack of understanding of the processes underlying the common use of herbs. Method: Potential binding sites between the different ligands and the target protein were loaded using Schrodinger software, which also predicts protein-ligand interactions. The forty (40) molecules of Benincasa hispida with Apoptosis and Acetylcholine targets were carried out so, as to evaluate their theoretical binding affinities. The chemical structure was predicted from gas-chromatography (GC-MS), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library (2014). Molecule 40 (M40) with the highest binding affinity of -10 kcal/mol was observed. In-silico ADME and drug-likeness prediction of the molecules showed good pharmacokinetic properties having high gastrointestinal absorption, orally bioavailable, and less toxic.
Results: Phytochemical screening, In-vitro analysis free radical scavenging assay (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, and FRAP). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, Phenols, sterols, and glycosides was observed in the preliminary test. In the scavenging assay, Ascorbic acid showed regression values DPPH (R2=0.9746), ABTS (R2=0.9865), H2O2 (R2=0.988), and FRAP (R2=0.9834).
Conclusion: The outcome of the present research strengthens the relevance of these compounds as promising lead candidates for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Alzheimer's disease which could help medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical professionals in further designing and synthesis of more potent drug candidates. Moreover, the research also encouraged the in-vivo and in-vitro evaluation study for the proposed designed compounds to validate the computational findings.