bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Thalassemia: A Cross-Sectional Study Among University Students in Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Saif Sumaia , Ibrahim Mena , Rahat Murad Ali , Rasool Akhtar , Muhammad Israr  
Published: February 2025

Background & objectives: The most common and potentially fatal single-gene hereditary disorder affecting the manufacture of hemoglobin is thalassemia, which results from one or more globin chains fail to synthesize properly, either completely or partially. This disorder is prevalent worldwide in different regions including Pakistan. The relevance of the disorder necessitates that thalassemia and its prevention measures be widely known to the general public. This research sought to evaluate the perceptions and knowledge of thalassemia among Swat university students.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional KAP survey was done on university students of different departments using a structured questionnaire consisted of 37 questions. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for social sciences (IBM SPSS). 200 university students participated in our study including both genders.
Results: Upon assessment of Attitude, Knowledge, Practice, the results deduced students understanding of the thalassemia showed a significant variance (P=0.04).
Interpretation & conclusions: This study has identified that there is inadequate knowledge about thalassemia (less than 50%). The attitude was very positive but better understanding and practices are required to overcome knowledge gaps and societal misperceptions about thalassemia
MOPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L) GERMPLASM FROM AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Authors: Nasar Sidra , Sabir Hajira , Khan Saima , Aziz Shamshad , Mehmood Ansar 
Published: February 2025

Current study was designed to investigate the diversity of agromorphological traits of five potato varieties from the state of Azar Jamal Kashmir. The investigative traits included qualitative as well as quantitative attributes including stem, leaf and tuber and yield. The data was Collected from 05 potato cultivation sites of AJK including Leepa, Shounthar, Taobut, Sudhan Gali and Kala Mula. They investigated varieties and showed significant variations in the qualitative traits including growth habit stem and leaf color as well as tuber and flesh colors. The results revealed that average values of Plant Height were 58.28 cm, Stem Thickness 5.66 mm, Leaf Length 15.66 cm, Leaf Width 10.44 cm, Leaflet Number 6.8, Flowering Time 61 days, Tuber Length 8.64 cm, Tuber Width 4.16 cm, Tuber thickness 5.78 cm, whereas average tuber yield per plant was 390.6 g. Results reveal that the investigative varieties exhibit significant morphological variations which reflect genetic diversity as well as adaptation of these varieties in diverse aggregate conditions of the region. The findings of current study provide baseline information about the potato germ plasm from the Azad Jammu and Kashmir region which holds significant implications for germplasm conservation and future breeding programs.
Role of Parental/Guardian Involvement in the Implementation of Competency Based Curriculum Project in Tarbaj Sub-County, Wajir County, Kenya
Authors: Gedi Farhiya , Kamau John N. 
Published: February 2025

In 2016, Kenyan government adopted the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) education model. The CBC model was meant to replace the 8-4-4 curriculum. It seeks to help learners to demonstrate ability to apply skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes acquired during learning. There is need for a resolute effort from stakeholders for the CBC project accomplishment. The current research examined how parents/guardians’ involvement in their children’s learning process influenced the outcomes of CBC educational model in public schools in Tarbaj Sub-County, Wajir County. The study was guided by Transformational Theory and descriptive research design was adopted to collect quantitative data. Validity of the questionnaire items was ensured through a pilot study. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and returned an alpha value α of 0.78. The study used censure method to recruit 74 participants that comprised grade five teachers in public schools in Tarbaj Sub-County. The researcher used descriptive statistics such as standard deviation, mean, percentage, as well as frequency to summarize basic features of the data. Inferential statistics such as regression analysis and correlations were also used to analyze data. The findings indicated that low involvement of parents/guardians as co-educators translated to low success rates in the adoption of CBC model of education in Tarbaj Sub-County, Wajir County. The study fortifies the relevance of CBC project leaders’ intervention in inspiring and empowering parents/guardians to play their role as co-educators effectively.
Screening of Native Isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Rhizoctonia solani under In vitro Condition
Authors: Toorray Nitin Kumar , Chandrakar Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Production and inhibitory effect of volatile compounds of Trichoderma isolates and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested by dual culture technique against the Rhizoctonia solani. Trichoderma isolates were isolated from various places of Rajnandgaon, Raipur and Durg district of Chhattisgarh. The study about screening of native isolates of Trichoderma harzianum aginst R. solani in vitro revealed that all native isolates of T. harzianum were significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. The maximum reduction in mycelial growth of R. solani from volatile compounds was recorded in Th-4 followed by Th-1, Th-2, Th-5 and Th-3. The study of native P fluorescens on mycelial growth and sclerotial formation of R solani revealed that all P. fluorescens isolates significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani. The mycelial growth of R. solani was highly inhibited by Pf-05 isolate (with 7.94mm mycelial growth and 91.18% decrease over control). The study about screening of native bioagents, Trichoderma and Pseudomonas revealed that the bioagent isolates significantly reduced the mycelial growth of R. solani under In vitro.
Donor Site Morbidity in Skin Grafting: A Comparative Study of Cobbett Knife and Zimmer Electric Dermatome
Authors: Ukpebor Famous Dickson , Esezobor Emmanuel E. , O. Awe Oluwafemi , Ogbetere Friday Emeakpor 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Skin grafting in many low resource centres is mostly harvested with Humby Knife and its various modifications. However, there is a gradual paradigm shift to the use of the electric dermatome. This study aimed to compare the rate of re-epithelialization of donor site wound, pain index, and scar formation using Cobbett Knife with Zimmer electric power dermatome in harvesting partial thickness skin grafts.
Materials and Methods: The study comprised 76 patients recruited over a one year period. The patients were randomized into two groups (A and B) using systematic sampling. Those in group A had their donor site harvested with Cobbett Knife, while those in group B had their donor site harvested with Zimmer electric power dermatome. The predictive variables were the percentage rate of re-epitheliliazation, assessment of pain index, and scar formation. The outcome variable was to use a photographic picture on the 10th, 14th, and 21st day respectively to assess the rate of re-epithialization. A Numerical rating scale was employed to assess the pain index.
Results: There was no significant difference in the donor site morbidities between Cobbett knife and Zimmer electric dermatome in the percentage rate of re-epithelialization and evaluation of scar formation with a P-value of 0.304 and 0.416 respectively. However, data analysis of donor site pain between Cobbett knife and Zimmer electric dermatome was statistically significant with a P- value of 0.042 and 0.031 respectively, in patients with mild pain at the 6th hour and 3rd day. There was no statistically significant difference on the 10th day with a p- value of 0.857.
Conclusion: From this study, the use of the Cobbett knife for the harvest of partial thickness skin graft is comparably the same as Zimmer electric power dermatome in terms of re-epitheliazation and scar formation. However, Cobbett knife is associated with more intense early post-operative pain compared to Zimmer electric power dermatome.
The forgotten forests: Incorporating temperate peat‐forming wet woodlands as nature‐based solutions into policy and practice
Authors: Milner Alice M. , Baird Andy J. , Davidson Scott J. , Lines Emily R. , Abrahams Dan , Ahiable Crystal A. E. , Barsoum Nadia , Bryant Marion , Dear Emma , Diack Iain , Duley Emma , Noach Adam , Roland Thomas P. , Smedley David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Peat‐forming wet woodlands (forested wetlands) are naturally occurring carbon‐dense ecosystems that have considerable potential to form an important part of net zero woodland establishment and peatland strategies, as well as provide crucial co‐benefits to restore biodiversity and regulate hydrological systems. Despite their potential, temperate peat‐forming wet woodlands have been widely lost, are critically understudied and are being overlooked in land‐use strategies.

Unlike temperate ‘dry’ woodlands, some wet woodlands are peat forming and can store large amounts of carbon below‐ground in peat in addition to the carbon in the tree biomass. The complex structure of these peat‐forming wet woodlands creates high abiotic heterogeneity, resulting in a wide variety of microhabitats to support high levels of biodiversity, and this structural complexity can also increase water storage in the landscape and slow flood flows, providing natural flood protection.

Co‐written by experts in academia and UK Government, we highlight critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of peat‐forming wet woodlands that, once addressed, could form the basis for radical changes to their inclusion in net zero and land‐use policies.

Policy and practice implications: The significant role that peatland restoration has to play in reaching net zero presents an immediate policy opportunity to consider the full range of ecosystems to achieve net zero targets, while protecting and enhancing socio‐ecological sustainability. In co‐writing this paper, our aim is to stimulate discussion and sharing of knowledge between those involved in research, policy and practice in order to strengthen the evidence base for peat‐forming wet woodland re‐establishment and future management. We call on researchers, policymakers and land managers to take temperate wet woodlands from understudied and overlooked, to integrated ecosystems that hold great promise in the contributions they can make as nature‐based solutions.
Mechanical Computing with Transmissive Snapping of Kirigami Shells
Authors: Yang Yi , Feng Jin , Holmes Douglas P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractContinuum shape‐morphing structures with the capability to encode memory and execute logic operations have garnered significant interest for the development of mechanical systems with embodied intelligence and soft robots. Achieving the integration of memory and computing within a mechanical system necessitates building blocks that possess a range of tunable, metastable states. Prior efforts have been dedicated to constructing mechanical memory and logic through the exploitation of snap‐through instabilities in multistable structures. Typically, the creation of each logic gate demands a distinct structural design. Here, presents an unconventional design strategy that leverages a single kirigami architecture to perform and switch between multiple fundamental logic operations. By utilizing the kirigami architecture as the fundamental element, mechanical signal transmission is demonstrated and half‐adder computations are performed. It is envisioned that this design strategy can be applied to a wide range of materials and structures, and reduce the complexity of developing materials systems with embodied intelligence.
Electric‐Responded 2D Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Induce Uniform Zn2+ Deposition for Efficient Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Weihang , Xu Dongming , Ruan Pengchao , Wan Yuanlang , Meng Xinyu , He Qiong , Liu Kuhang , Wang Yijiang , Chai Simin , Song Yijian , Xie Yiman , Chang Zhi , Pan Anqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐metal batteries (AZMBs) have demonstrated inspiring potential for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, their further utilization is impeded by issues such as severe side reactions and the uncontrolled penetrating dendrites growth. In this study, an innovative approach to modify the aqueous electrolyte with 2D black phosphorus nanosheets (denoted as 2D BP nanosheets) is proposed. The 2D BP nanosheets under the electric field acted as a unique electron directional migration character, can dynamically homogenize the electric field, facilitate homogeneous Zn2+ conduction. The nanosheets covering on the protuberances can also induce stable and homogeneous Zn2+ deposition, thereby effectively inhibit the formation of penetrating dendrites. More importantly, this special protective interlayer can further prevent the direct contact between reactive Zn‐metal and activated water molecules, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of undesirable side‐reactions. The incorporation of BP nanosheets induced significant improvement in electrochemical stability and reversibility for AZMBs. As a result, Zn//Zn symmetric batteries based on 2D BP nanosheets added electrolyte exhibited steady cycling for over 2800 h at 1 mA cm−2 1 mAh cm−2. Zn//NVO full‐cell preserved 78.85% capacity even after ultra‐long 1000 cycles. The successful application of 2D BP nanosheets introduce a novel method to accelerate the practical application of AZMBS.
Graphene Aerogel Armed 3D Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as Versatile Anode Platforms for Sodium‐Ion Storage Devices
Authors: Tian Huan , Jia Yaduo , Wang Yutai , Qiao Yawen , Ji Puguang , Zhang Chengwei , Gou Huiyang , Wang Gongkai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rise of Na‐storage devices has put forward higher requirements for Na‐storage anode materials with large capacity, long service life, and fast rate capability. Mesoporous carbons, either as active materials or as hosts for guest active nanoparticles, are considered as promising electrode materials. However, addressing the issues of their short lifespan resulting from volume variation and the low coulombic efficiency caused by large surface area via a facile porous structure design still remains a challenge. Herein, a versatile phosphorus‐doped mesoporous carbon (PMC) armed is developed by graphene aerogel (GA) (GA@PMC) for hosting Na‐storage active nanoparticles. As a case study, FeSe2 nanoparticles are selectively supported onto this GA@PMC matrix, creating the FeSe2/GA@PMC composite. When employed in typical Na‐storage devices, such as Na‐ion batteries, Na‐ion hybrid capacitors, and Na‐ion based dual‐ion batteries, the FeSe2/GA@PMC electrode consistently demonstrates superior electrochemical performance. In such GA@PMC, the conformal GA can improve the entire conductivity while decreasing the specific surface area that is directly contacting with electrolyte. The interconnected macroporous structure can not only promote the diffusion of Na+ but also buffers the volume change of the guest active nanoparticles. This bespoke carbon platform synergistically endows the electrode material with enhanced rate capability, cyclic stability, and coulombic efficiency, which are being expected in advanced Na‐storage devices.
Enhanced Cycleability of Micron‐Size Silicon Anode by In Situ Polymerized Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Cheng Zexiao , Chen Weilun , Zhang Yi , Xiang Jingwei , Tang Danlei , Ji Haijin , Li Jiapeng , Huang Yunhui , Yuan Lixia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilicon is widely recognized as an ideal anode material due to its high specific capacity, low lithiation potential, high abundance, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the immense volume expansion during the lithiation leads to pulverization of silicon particles, which causes electrode failure with a rapid capacity decay. Herein, the polymerized 1, 3‐dioxolane (PDOL) electrolyte is used to stabilize the micro‐silicon Si anode via in situ polymerization route. The conformality of the quasi‐solid electrolyte suppresses the pulverization of the Si microparticles (SiMPs) effectively and thus alleviates the capacity decay. The SiMPs/PDOL anode shows an excellent initial CE of 97.5% and maintains a reversible capacity of 1837.1 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The Si/PDOL/LiFePO4 full cells also exhibit a stable cycling performance with a capacity retention of 76.3% after 300 cycles. This work provides a new and easy path for the practical application of silicon anode at low cost.
Amplifying the Differences in Aluminum‐Based Eutectic Electrolytes Through Electrodeposition on MXenes
Authors: Lieu Wei Ying , Thakur Anupma , Kumar Sonal , Li Yuanjian , Li Xue Liang , Li Yixiang , Yang Gaoliang , Li Yifan , Ghosh Tanmay , Ng Man‐Fai , Anasori Babak , Yang Hui Ying , Seh Zhi Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTraditionally, rechargeable lithium metal battery systems relied on simple metal cationic species to enable metal nucleation and deposition. However, this mechanism is less applicable to room‐temperature rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs), which utilize complex ionic species. This work takes advantage of two different MXenes, Mo2Ti2C3Tx and Ti3C2Tx, which have different metal‐termination group bond strengths, interlayer spacings, and surface termination compositions, to amplify and visualize the differences between two promising RAB electrolytes (i.e., urea/AlCl3 and EMImCl/AlCl3). This work allowed us to deduce the following: 1) despite lower coulombic efficiencies, smoother Al deposits are observed when the urea/AlCl3 electrolyte is used; 2) unknown side reactions occur in all the different scenarios, however, they are likely less reversible in the EMImCl/AlCl3 electrolyte; 3) metal‐halogen exchange reactions can occur in all scenarios, forming Al(OF)x and AlFx species; 4) the free urea in urea/AlCl3 electrolyte behaves differently from the urea in aqueous solutions. Overall, due to the characteristics of aluminum, RABs involve vastly different internal mechanisms, resulting in the need for audacious attempts toward system understanding.
Unraveling Mechanism for Microstructure Engineering toward High‐Capacity Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Lin Lili , Zhang Lihan , Fu Zhiqiang , Lou Jiatao , Gao Ziyao , Wu Junru , Li Chenglei , Han Cuiping , Zhou Dong , Wang Ziqiang , Li Baohua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrostructural engineering on nickel‐rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathode materials is considered a promising approach to increase both the capacity and lifespan of lithium‐ion batteries by introducing high valence‐state elements. However, rational regulation on NRLO microstructures based on a deep understanding of its capacity enhancement mechanism remains challenging. Herein for the first time, it is demonstrated that an increase of 14 mAh g−1 in reversible capacity at the first cycle can be achieved via tailoring the micro and nano structure of NRLO through introducing tungsten. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization reveals that the formation of a modified microstructure featured as coherent spinel twin boundaries. Theoretical modeling and electrochemical investigations further demonstrate that the capacity increase mechanism is related to such coherent spinel twin boundaries, which can lower the Li+ diffusion barrier and thus allow more Li+ to participate in deeper phase transitions. Meanwhile, the surface and grain boundaries of NRLOs are found to be modified by generating a dense and uniform LiWxOy phase, which further extends its cycle life by reducing side reactions with electrolytes. This work enables a comprehensive understanding of the capacity‐increased mechanism and endows the remarkable potential of microstructural engineering for capacity‐ and lifespan‐increased NRLOs.
Bioinspired Polarization‐Response Structure with Broadband Absorption based on a Multifrequency Point Response Mechanism
Authors: Duan Yuping , Sun Jiaxin , Shi Yupeng , Liu Jiangyong , Jia Hanxiao , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo address the increasing demand for high microwave‐absorbing performance, new polarization‐response wave‐absorbing metamaterials are developed herein inspired by the microstructure of locust compound eyes by employing bionics and optimization principles. The materials overcome a common limitation of wave‐absorbing metamaterials, wherein the performance substantially decreases with changes in the polarization mode, enabling the broadband absorption for x and y polarizations. The designed bioinspired materials have various shapes of structural units, triggering a multifrequency point response mechanism that effectively improves the wave‐absorbing performance. Experimental and simulation results show that the designed materials can form different equivalent circuits based on structural and polarization differences, influencing the overall wave‐absorbing performance. They exhibit an effective absorption bandwidth of ≈12 GHz (reflection loss < −10 dB) for x or y polarizations at a thickness of 2 mm. This study provides a typical example for future research on wave‐absorbing metamaterials with polarization‐response characteristics.
New Finding of Inversed Right‐Handed Helix in Dynamically Rotational Evaporation‐Induced Iridescent CNC Film
Authors: Jia Daikun , Zhu Dandan , Zheng Zhen , Wang Xinling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCellulose nanocrystal (CNC), as a typical natural photonic crystal material with outstanding advantages, has attracted increasing interests to develop stimulus‐responsive materials with vivid structural colors and circularly polarized light manipulators with high dissymmetry factors for widespread applications. However, limited by its spontaneous left‐handed cholesteric phase and absent right‐handed helical structure, current CNC‐based optical materials mainly achieve the selective reflection of left‐handed circularly polarized light (L‐CP) and the transmission of right‐handed circularly polarized light (R‐CP). Opposite to all reported intrinsic chirality in CNC assemblies, here first prominent twisted right‐handed helix in solid CNC film is found which is prepared through dynamically rotational self‐assembly. The dynamic rotation drives CNC particles to form a right‐handed helix with pitches of sub‐micron level regardless of rotary direction, realizing an ambidextrous reflection of both L‐CP and R‐CP for CNC film with maintained intrinsic structural color, and the first example of inversed right‐handed helix in CNC is further demonstrated. Moreover, the CNC films highly depend on the light propagation direction in term of apparent circular dichroism signals, presenting an exciting prospect for developing quantum transduction. This work is believed a breakthrough on chiral CNC photonic materials, providing new insights and application prospects for chiral CNC materials.