bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse or physician: whose recommendation influences the decision to take genetic tests more?
Authors: Barnoy Sivia , Levy Ofra , Bar‐Tal Yoram 
Published: March 2010

barnoy s., levy o. & bar‐tal y. (2010) Nurse or physician: whose recommendation influences the decision to take genetic tests more? Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 806–813.AbstractTitle.  Nurse or physician: whose recommendation influences the decision to take genetic tests more? Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore factors influencing the decision to take genetic carrier testing.Background.  Genetic testing has become a popular means of elucidating the risk of giving birth to a sick/disabled child but what influences prospective parents to take genetic tests or not is unclear.Methods.  The study was based on a factorial 2 × 2 × 2 within‐between subjects design. The questionnaire presented four scenarios, each illustrating a healthcare worker presenting information on a devastating genetic disease. The variables manipulated were: the health care worker’s expertise (novice vs. expert), the recommender’s role (nurse vs. physician) and type of recommendation (recommendation vs. no recommendation). After each scenario participants were asked their own intention to take the test and their intention to recommend a friend to take the test. Data were collected in 2007.Results.  Altogether 156 questionnaires were collected. Expert nurses and expert physicians were accorded the same level of compliance. However, a novice physician’s recommendation to take a genetic test was complied with as much as an expert physician’s, whereas a novice nurse’s recommendation was less accepted than that of an expert nurse. When no recommendation was made, more compliance with the nurse was found (i.e. less intention to take the test).Conclusion.  Genetic information should be presented to the public with caution to avoid over‐testing. For the public to accept a nurse’s recommendation, the nurse has to be perceived as an expert; therefore, expert nurses’ proficiency should be made clear.
Ethnic differences in exercise and leisure time physical activity among midlife women
Authors: Lee Seung Hee , Im Eun‐Ok 
Published: March 2010

Lee s.h. & im e.‐o. (2010) Ethnic differences in exercise and leisure time physical activity among midlife women. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 814–827.AbstractTitle.  Ethnic differences in exercise and leisure time physical activity among midlife women. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study of factors associated with ethnic differences in exercise and leisure time physical activity levels among midlife women.Background.  Most studies on physical activity have focused mostly on identifying correlates of physical activity. However, ‘ethnicity/race’ as a factor affecting exercise and leisure time physical activity has rarely been considered.Method.  This study was a secondary analysis of data from a larger Internet study on menopausal symptoms of midlife women from four ethnic groups in the United States of America. A total of 441 women aged 40–60 years were recruited through the Internet from 31 January 2005 to 31 December 2007. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square analysis, analysis of variance and multiple regressions.Findings.  Non‐Hispanic White people had a statistically significantly higher level of leisure time physical activity than Asian Americans and Hispanics. African Americans reported the lowest level of exercise. Body mass index was inversely associated with exercise among African Americans. Menopausal symptoms were positively associated with exercise among non‐Hispanic White people and African Americans. Employment and number of children had a statistically significantly inverse association with exercise among Asian Americans.Conclusion.  Correlates of exercise are ethnic‐specific. The dual role situation of working outside and inside their homes is an important factor in explaining the lower participation of exercise among Asian Americans. Health factors influence exercise participation in non‐Hispanic White people, African Americans and Hispanics. Nurses should take into account ethnic diversities when designing physical activity interventions for women.
Professional and cultural conflicts for intensive care nurses
Authors: Høye Sevald , Severinsson Elisabeth 
Published: March 2010

høye s. & severinsson e. (2010) Professional and cultural conflicts for intensive care nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 858–867.AbstractTitle.  Professional and cultural conflicts for intensive care nurses. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring intensive care nurses’ experiences of conflicts related to practical situations when they encounter culturally diverse families of critically ill patients.Background.  Conflicts can arise in critical care settings as a result of differing cultural and professional values. Nurses and families with diverse cultural backgrounds bring beliefs and understandings to the care situation that can have an impact on the care process. Such families are challenged in their efforts to maintain traditions, while some nurses are not sufficiently culturally aware. A limited number of studies have focused on such conflicts.Method.  Sixteen critical care nurses took part in multistage focus group interviews conducted from October 2005 to June 2006. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Findings.  The main theme, ‘conflict between professional nursing practice and family cultural traditions’, was based on three pairs of conflicting themes: ‘culturally based need to participate actively in the care vs. nurses’ professional perceptions of themselves as total care providers’; ‘nurses’ professional obligation to provide comprehensible information vs. culturally based communication difficulties and responses to illness’; and ‘families’ needs for cultural norms and self‐determination vs. nurses’ professional responsibility for the clinical environment’. In addition, each pair of themes contained several sub‐themes.Conclusion.  Nurses need to negotiate with culturally diverse family members to address conflicts. In their encounters with such families, they should establish a balance between ethnocentricity and cultural sensitivity. An implication for practice is to increase nurses’ competence in assessment of diversity.
Factors affecting the career development of male nurses: a structural equation model
Authors: Lou Jiunn‐Horng , Yu Hsing‐Yi , Chen Sheng‐Hwang 
Published: March 2010

lou j.‐h., yu h.‐y. & chen s‐h. (2010) Factors affecting the career development of male nurses: a structural equation model. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 900–910.AbstractTitle.  Factors affecting the career development of male nurses: a structural equation model. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to test a theory of the relations of emotional labour and professional empowerment to nursing career development.Background.  Nurses are required to show high emotional labour, but this can bring about excessive pressure and emotional exhaustion. Male nurses usually perceive societal expectations in line with a more traditionally masculine role. Greater professional empowerment might assist them in attaining promotion and career success.Method.  The study had a cross‐sectional correlational design. Data were collected in 2007 using a mailed questionnaire. We used a database published by the National Union of Nurses’ Associations, Republic of China, to find medical care institutions at which male nurses were working. A convenience sample of male nurses (308) working at clinical nursing centres completed the mailed questionnaires.Result.  Emotional labour was not statistically significantly related to nursing career development, but was statistically significantly related to professional empowerment. Professional empowerment was statistically significantly related to nursing career development. Professional empowerment a mediating factor in the influence of emotional labour on nursing career development. We found that 75% of the variance in nursing career development could be explained by emotional labour and professional empowerment.Conclusion.  The expected result, that emotional labour has a direct effect on nursing career development, was not supported by the analyses. Emotional labour has only an indirect effect on nursing career development. Professional empowerment was directly linked to nursing career development. Male nurses who perceived higher professional empowerment had better career development.
Learning mechanisms to limit medication administration errors
Authors: Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Pud Dorit 
Published: March 2010

drach‐zahavy a. & pud d. (2010) Learning mechanisms to limit medication administration errors. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(4), 794–805.AbstractTitle.  Learning mechanisms to limit medication administration errors. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify and test the effectiveness of learning mechanisms applied by the nursing staff of hospital wards as a means of limiting medication administration errors.Background.  Since the influential report `To Err Is Human', research has emphasized the role of team learning in reducing medication administration errors. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying team learning.Method.  Thirty‐two hospital wards were randomly recruited. Data were collected during 2006 in Israel by a multi‐method (observations, interviews and administrative data), multi‐source (head nurses, bedside nurses) approach. Medication administration error was defined as any deviation from procedures, policies and/or best practices for medication administration, and was identified using semi‐structured observations of nurses administering medication. Organizational learning was measured using semi‐structured interviews with head nurses, and the previous year’s reported medication administration errors were assessed using administrative data.Results.  The interview data revealed four learning mechanism patterns employed in an attempt to learn from medication administration errors: integrated, non‐integrated, supervisory and patchy learning. Regression analysis results demonstrated that whereas the integrated pattern of learning mechanisms was associated with decreased errors, the non‐integrated pattern was associated with increased errors. Supervisory and patchy learning mechanisms were not associated with errors.Conclusion.  Superior learning mechanisms are those that represent the whole cycle of team learning, are enacted by nurses who administer medications to patients, and emphasize a system approach to data analysis instead of analysis of individual cases.
The influence of vegetation type, soil properties and precipitation on the composition of soil mite and microbial communities at the landscape scale
Authors: Nielsen Uffe N. , Osler Graham H. R. , Campbell Colin D. , Burslem David F. R. P. , van der Wal René 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim We used a landscape‐scale study of birch invasion onto heather moorland to determine the consistency of changes in vegetation type and soil properties and in the community composition of five soil organism groups. Our aim was to determine whether the degree to which soil organisms respond to natural changes and/or induced changes (e.g. changes in land‐use type and climate) in habitat is consistent across trophic and taxonomic groups in the context of conservation policies for birch woodland and heather moorland.Location Mainland Scotland.Methods We sampled mesostigmatid mites, oribatid mites, fungi, bacteria and archaea in adjacent patches of birch woodland (dominated byBetula pubescens) and heather moorland (dominated byCalluna vulgaris) at 12 sites for which annual rainfall ranged between 713 and 2251 mm. Differences in community composition were visualized using non‐metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarities. The factors contributing to differences between habitats within sites were explored using general linear models and those among sites using redundancy analysis.Results The communities of all groups differed between habitats within sites, but only the oribatid mites and fungi differed consistently between habitats across sites. Within sites, dissimilarity in fungal communities was positively related to the difference inC. vulgariscover between habitats, whereas dissimilarities in bacteria and archaea were positively related to differences in soil pH and C:N ratio between habitats, respectively.Main conclusions The influence of vegetation type and soil properties differed between groups of soil organisms, albeit in a predictable manner, across the 12 sites. Organisms directly associated with plants (fungi), and organisms with microhabitat and resource preferences (Oribatida) were strongly responsive to changes in habitat type. The response of organisms not directly associated with plants (bacteria, archaea) depended on differences in soil properties, while organisms with less clear microhabitat and resource preferences (Mesostigmata) were not strongly responsive to either vegetation type or soil properties. These results show that it is possible to predict the impact of habitat change on specific soil organisms depending on their ecology. Moreover, the community composition of all groups was related to variation in precipitation within the study area, which shows that external factors, such as those caused by climate change, can have a direct effect on belowground communities.
The relative importance of geography and ecology in species diversification: evidence from a tropical marine intertidal snail (Nerita)
Authors: Frey Melissa A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim  In this study, I examined the relative contributions of geography and ecology to species diversification within the genus Nerita, a prominent clade of marine snails that is widely distributed across the tropics and intertidal habitats. Specifically, I tested whether geographical patterns of speciation correspond primarily to allopatric or sympatric models, and whether habitat transitions have played a major role in species diversification.Location  Indo‐West Pacific, eastern Pacific, Atlantic, tropical marine intertidal.Methods  I used a previously reconstructed molecular phylogeny of Nerita as a framework to assess the relative importance of geographical and ecological factors in species diversification. To evaluate whether recently diverged clades exhibit patterns consistent with allopatric or sympatric speciation, I mapped the geo‐graphical distribution of each species onto the species‐level phylogeny, and examined the relationship between range overlap and time since divergence using age–range correlation analyses. To determine the relative contribution of habitat transitions to divergence, I traced shifts in intertidal substrate affinity and vertical zonation across the phylogeny using parsimony, and implemented randomization tests to evaluate the resulting patterns of ecological change.Results  Within the majority of Nerita clades examined, age–range correlation analysis yielded a low intercept and a positive slope, similar to that expected under allopatric speciation. Approximately 75% of sister species pairs have maintained allopatric distributions; whereas more distantly related sister taxa often exhibited complete or nearly complete geographical overlap. In contrast, only 19% of sister species occupy distinct habitats. For both substrate and zonation, habitat transitions failed to concentrate towards either the tips or the root of the phylogeny. Instead, habitat shifts have occurred throughout the history of Nerita, with a general transition from the lower and mid‐littoral towards the upper and supra‐littoral zones, and multiple independent shifts from hard (rock) to softer substrates (mangrove, mud and sand).Main conclusions  Both geography and ecology appear to have influenced diversification in Nerita, but to different extents. Geography seems to play a principal role, with allopatric speciation driving the majority of Nerita divergences. Habitat transitions appear insignificant in shaping the early and recent history of speciation, and promoting successive diversification in Nerita; however, shifts may have been important for respective divergences (i.e. those that correspond to the transitions) and enhancing diversity throughout the clade.
Rhizobial hitchhikers from Down Under: invasional meltdown in a plant–bacteria mutualism?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Echeverría Susana 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim  This study analysed the diversity and identity of the rhizobial symbionts of co‐existing exotic and native legumes in a coastal dune ecosystem invaded by Acacia longifolia.Location  An invaded coastal dune ecosystem in Portugal and reference bradyrhizobial strains from the Iberian Peninsula and other locations.Methods  Symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria were isolated from root nodules of plants of the Australian invasive Acacia longifolia and the European natives Cytisus grandiflorus, Cytisus scoparius and Ulex europaeus. Total DNA of each isolate was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primer BOX A1R. Subsequent PCR‐sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and the nifD and nodA genes were performed for all different strains.Results  The four plant species analysed were nodulated by bacteria from three different Bradyrhizobium lineages, although most of the isolates belonged to the Bradyrhizobium japonicum lineage sensu lato. Ninety‐five per cent of the bradyrhizobia isolated from A. longifolia, C. grandiflorus and U. europaeus in the invaded ecosystem had nifD and nodA genes of Australian origin. Seven isolates obtained in this study define a new distinctive nifD group of Bradyrhizobium from western and Mediterranean Europe.Main conclusions  These results reveal the introduction of exotic bacteria with the invasive plant species, their persistence in the new geographical area and the nodulation of native legumes by rhizobia containing exotic symbiotic genes. The disruption of native mutualisms and the mutual facilitation of the invasive spread of the introduced plant and bradyrhizobia could constitute the first report of an invasional meltdown documented for a plant–bacteria mutualism.
Understanding the role of species dynamics in abundance–occupancy relationships
Authors: Buckley Hannah L. , Freckleton Robert P. 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. The positive interspecific abundance–occupancy relationship (AOR) is a ubiquitous, but highly variable ecological pattern. Understanding this variation is a key challenge for community ecologists and little progress has been made using ecological trait data to predict variation in abundance and occupancy.2. We used a data set from vascular plants in New Zealand South Island tussock grasslands measured at a landscape scale over 25 years to analyse AORs within a single habitat type.3. We firstly modelled the interspecific relationship between abundance and occupancy across species. We then measured the deviations in the slopes of the abundance–occupancy relationship for individual species from this overall interspecific relationship and related these slope deviations to data on species’ life‐history and ecological traits.4. Highly invasive species that increased their ranges and abundances during the 25‐year study period had significantly steeper slopes in abundance–occupancy space than the interspecific relationship although species with increased dispersal ability did not. Those species that were clonal showed significantly shallower slopes suggesting that clonality causes species to respond more slowly in occupancy than abundance to changes in their environment.5. Synthesis. These results show that considering the population dynamics of individual species allows us to relate species’ traits to their trajectory over time in abundance–occupancy space and thus can lead to a better understanding of the variation and scatter around the interspecific abundance–occupancy pattern.
Use of the ketogenic diet and dietary practices in the UK
Authors: Lord K. , Magrath G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  In 2000, a survey showed that use of the ketogenic diet as a treatment for intractable epilepsy in the UK was low. Subsequently, the number of medical publications supporting its efficacy has increased and demand from parents for this treatment has also increased. This survey was undertaken to determine whether there had been an increase in the use of the ketogenic diet and the necessary resources to provide it.Methods:  A survey of paediatric dietitians in the UK was undertaken. Data were collected on their experience of implementing a ketogenic diet, the type of diet used, patient caseloads, other members of the care team, the process for initiation of the diet and funding.Results:  Twenty‐eight hospitals offered the ketogenic diet treatment with a total of 152 patients. The caseload per dietitian ranged from 1–36 patients. The classical diet was prescribed for 74% cases. The majority of patients began the diet as outpatients. Six dietitians were specifically funded to provide the treatment. Fifty more dietitians had experience of implementing the diet but currently had no patients. The reasons given for this were no referrals, no funding or not working with patients with epilepsy.Conclusions:  The number of patients on the ketogenic diet had increased since 2000. However, numbers remained low and the main reasons given were the lack of referrals and a lack of funding. Recommendations are made to improve the dietetic and funding resources available so that an efficacious treatment for intractable epilepsy of childhood can be made more widely available.
Influence of adherence to the national guidance on nutrition screening and dietitian referral on clinical outcomes of those requiring parenteral nutrition
Authors: Vincent R. P. , Goo C. H. , Wu P. F. , Delaney H. L. , Le Roux C. W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  National guidance in the UK on nutrition support suggests that all patients should be screened on initial admission to hospital and, where appropriate, be referred to a healthcare professional. The present study aimed to investigate whether initial nutrition screening influenced the outcome of patients who received parenteral nutrition (PN).Methods:  Data were prospectively evaluated on 100 consecutive patients referred to the multidisciplinary PN team in a teaching hospital. Information was obtained from medical notes, electronic patient records, completed PN prescription charts, dietetic record cards and nursing care plans. Patients who were treatable by nutritional supplements or enteral nutrition were not included. Patients were divided into two groups: guidance compliant and guidance noncompliant, in order to compare outcome measures such as the duration of PN treatment, total number of PN bags used per patient and length of hospital stay. Comparison of data between the two groups was carried out using either the independent samples t‐test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results:  There was no difference in outcome measures between the guidance compliant and noncompliant groups. Patients in the guidance noncompliant group were more likely to be in general (77%) than critical wards (23%). Patients who were in the guidance compliant group received nutrition support earlier.Conclusions:  Compliance with the national guidance in the UK on screening did not improve outcomes in patients requiring parenteral nutrition in this cohort. Initial nutrition screening prior to PN administration warrants further investigation to ensure value is added to patient care.