bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of transplant glomerulopathy early after kidney transplantation
Authors: Shimizu Tomokazu , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Tatsu , Shirakawa Hiroki , Tanabe Kazunari , Honda Kazuho , Koike Junki 
Published: June 2011

Shimizu T, Ishida H, Tanabe T, Shirakawa H, Tanabe K, Honda K, Koike J. A case of transplant glomerulopathy early after kidney transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25 (Suppl. 23): 34–38. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) has commonly been described as a late manifestation of allograft injury, occurring years after renal transplantation. We describe herein a patient who developed TG early (49 days) after kidney transplantation (KTx).Case report:  A 44‐yr‐old woman received a second living‐related KTx from her younger brother in October 2009. Pre‐transplant donor‐specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSA) were positive for both class I and class II. During the renal transplant operation, she suffered from hyperacute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) and intravenous immune globulin therapy was immediately performed. Once hyperacute AMR was resolved, accelerated acute AMR occurred on the first post‐transplant day (PTD). The renal allograft biopsy performed on PTD 19 diagnosed acute AMR type II. The renal allograft biopsy performed on PTD 49 showed focal lesions of double contours of glomerular basement membranes in some glomeruli. Interstitial fibrosis showed a strong, diffuse staining of C4d in peritubular capillaries (PTCs). The DSA examined on PTD 39 were still positive for both class I and class II. From these histopathological findings of TG, C4d deposition in PTC and presence of circulating DSA, we diagnosed this case to have c‐AMR.Conclusions:  TG might be recognized in early after KTx.
Parental attitudes to digital recording: A paediatric hospital survey
Authors: Taylor Katherine , VanDenberg Stephanie , le Huquet Ariel , Blanchard Nadeene , Parshuram Christopher S 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  Digital recording is ubiquitous in the community. Its objectivity, permanence and utility in medical education have led to increasing use in health‐care settings. As participants in this process, the perspectives of families are important to inform practice. We surveyed family members of hospitalized children to evaluate their opinions.Methods:  A survey was administered to adults in emergency, operating room or ICU waiting areas at a university‐affiliated paediatric hospital in Toronto. Respondents rated the frequency of digital recording in the community and hospital environments, the acceptability of five clinical indications and of consent discussions.Results:  Participants completed 154 surveys (response rate 83%) with median (interquartile range) of 2 (1–2) children. Community use of recording >4 times in the week prior was reported by 47 (31%); 42 (28%) reported no recording. The respondents rated the following indications for digital recording acceptable in the health care research 142 (94%), medical education 140 (93%), quality improvement 140 (92%), patient safety 147 (97%), and clinical care (96%). Within healthcare, consent discussions at different times were rated as acceptable before recording by 99%; after recording by 41%; and with no consent by 17%.Conclusion:  We performed the first post‐privacy legislation survey of digital recording in Canadian health care. There is widespread acceptance of digital recording in public spaces and health care; however, respondents preferred to provide consent before recording. Balancing these preferences with the demonstrated advantages of video recording in health care presents challenges for optimal health policy creation. This study provides contemporary data to inform discussions.
Intrapleural therapy
Authors: HUGGINS J. TERRILL , DOELKEN PETER , SAHN STEVEN A. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTNumerous intrapleural therapies have been adopted to treat a vast array of pleural diseases. The first intrapleural therapies proposed focused on the use of fibrinolytics and DNase to promote fluid drainage in empyema. Numerous case series and five randomized controlled trials have been published to determine the outcomes of fibrinolytics in empyema treatment. In the largest randomized trial, the use of streptokinase had no reduction in mortality, decortication rates or hospital days compared with placebo in the treatment of empyema. Criticism over study design and patient selection may have potentially affected the outcomes in this study. The development of dyspnoea is common in the setting of malignant pleural effusions. Pleural fluid evacuation followed by pleurodesis is often attempted. Numerous sclerosing agents have been studied, with talc emerging as the most effective agent. Small particle size of talc should be avoided because of increased systemic absorption potentiating toxicity, such as acute lung injury. Over the past several years, the use of chronic indwelling pleural catheters have emerged as the preferred modality in the treating a symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. For patients with malignant‐related lung entrapment, pleurodesis often fails due to the presence of visceral pleural restriction; however, chronic indwelling pleural catheters are effective in palliation of dyspnoea. Finally, the use of staphylococcal superantigens has been proposed as a therapeutic model for the treatment of non‐small lung cancer. Intrapleural instillation of staphylococcal superantigens increased median survival by 5 months in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with a malignant pleural effusion.
The ‘well‐run’ system and its antimonies
Authors: Rudge Trudy 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn aim of all of the management of healthcare systems is the smooth provision of services. A great deal of effort is put into ensuring processes will obtain this ideal – the well‐run system. The central argument in this paper is that these processes result in a system that perpetrates violence and coercion on its clients and workers. This violence is structural and personalizing in its effects. Moreover, time and effort is taken away from the actual work of the system for its management. Under such managerialist control, the idea of chaos and the need to ensure order are used to fuel an apparatus that takes the focus from other aspects of the system such as the power relations that keep the system as it is. In such an ordering, the clinical audit is promoted as a method to ensure order by keeping ahead of, or removing the potential for chaos. In using Žižek's ideas about violence it is possible to identify how efforts and attempts to correct the system are doomed to fail just as they hide how nurses' enrolment in the service of the system leads to alienation and subjectification. A central aim of this paper is to rethink how power and implicit violence are practised in such processes. To overcome the inherent violence of the audit culture, this paper suggests an interruption of audit cultures with a promotion of more radical positions for nursing practice and clinically based research. The hope is to recalculate and interrupt how nurses are to operate in the management structures that organize healthcare.
Pharmaceutical Industry discursives and the marketization of nursing work: a case example
Authors: Springer Rusla Anne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIncreasing pharmaceutical industry presence in health care research and practice has evoked critical social, political, economic, and ethical questions and concern among health care providers, ethicists, economists, and the general citizenry. The case example presented of the ‘marketization’ of nursing practice not only reveals the magnitude of the purview of the pharmaceutical industry, it demonstrates how that industry imparts effect upon the organization of nursing work, an area of health care professional practice where the ethical polemic of pharmaceutical industry involvement and influence has been largely ignored, and the profession of nursing conspicuously silent. Drawing on a Foucauldian dispositive analysis that troubled the complex apparatus responsible for the production of knowledge and action in the neurology subspecialty of multiple sclerosis (MS), the case discloses how the pharmaceutical industry has created compliance and adherence as clinical imperatives in the practice of MS nursing. The case makes explicit the conscious transformative self‐action undertaken by MS nurses as a result of their subjectivation (marketization) and demonstrates how MS nurses have become pawns in pharmaceutical industry strategic games of power, truth, identity, and wealth creation by turning their clinical practice settings into heterodiscursive spaces of surveillance and persuasion. MS nurses have become instruments of the pharmaceutical industry, and their clinical practices ordered, organized, limited, constrained, and marketized as a result.
COMBINING MULTIPLE MARKERS FOR MULTI‐CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION: AN ROC SURFACE APPROACH
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Li Jialiang 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) are effective statistical tools for evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests for binary‐class medical data. However, many real‐world biomedical problems involve more than two categories. The Volume Under the ROC Surface (VUS) and Hypervolume Under the ROC Manifold (HUM) measures are extensions for the AUC under three‐class and multiple‐class models. Inference methods for such measures have been proposed recently. We develop a method of constructing a linear combination of markers for which the VUS or HUM of the combined markers is maximized. Asymptotic validity of the estimator is justified by extending the results for maximum rank correlation estimation that are well known in econometrics. A bootstrap resampling method is then applied to estimate the sampling variability. Simulations and examples are provided to demonstrate our methods.
MULTILEVEL DISCRETE‐TIME EVENT HISTORY MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE ANALYSIS OF RECURRENT EMPLOYMENT TRANSITIONS
Authors: Steele Fiona 
Published: June 2011

SummaryData on the timing of events such as births, residential moves and changes in employment status are collected in many longitudinal surveys. These data often have a highly complex structure, with events of several types occurring repeatedly over time to an individual and interdependences between different event processes (e.g. births and employment transitions). The aim of this paper is to review a general class of multilevel discrete‐time event history models for handling recurrent events and transitions between multiple states. It is also shown how standard methods can be extended to allow for time‐varying covariates that are outcomes of an event process that is jointly determined with the process of interest. The considerable potential of these methods for studying transitions through the life course is illustrated in analyses of the effect of the presence and age of children on women's employment transitions, using data from the British Household Panel Survey.
A Comparison of Aspatial and Spatial Measures of Segregation
Authors: Cohn Molly J. , Jackman Saul P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe modifiable areal unit problem arises when the boundaries that define neighborhoods affect perceived levels of segregation. Scholars postulate that this problem is exacerbated when one uses a definition of neighborhoods that is based on administrative units; doing so leads to an aspatial measure of segregation, which may or may not adequately account for the spatial relationships among residential locations. In this article, we assess whether aspatial and spatial definitions of neighborhoods produce different perceived levels of income segregation. Using an original individual‐level dataset on income in San Mateo County, California, we define each individual's neighborhood in three ways – two aspatial and one spatial. On the basis of these definitions of neighborhoods, we then estimate residential income segregation using the local Moran's I statistic. We report two primary findings. First, the three measures generate different perceived levels of income segregation. Specifically, we observe less income segregation when using the aspatial measures as compared with the spatial one. Second, the inconsistencies between these measures are systematic in such a way as to lead to different inferences when used to predict individual voter turnout.
Foreign Partners and Finance Constraints: The Case of Chinese Firms
Authors: Egger Peter , Nelson Douglas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the extent to which financial constraints cause domestic firms to seek foreign partners. We employ a large firm‐level panel dataset for China which allows us to analyse this question empirically by looking at changes in foreign ownership status. We find a significant impact of several variables reflecting finance constraints. In particular, the results suggest that observed changes in debt‐to‐turnover ratios tend to be more important than other financial indicators to attract foreign capital. Moreover, foreign ownership relaxes finance constraints in turn and, already in the short run, tends to boost investment at the firm level.
Financial Constraints, the Distribution of Wealth and International Trade
Authors: Amissah Emmanuel , Bougheas Spiros , Falvey Rod 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe develop a simple theoretical model to examine the impact of the distribution of wealth on the patterns of trade when capital markets are imperfect. Our model predicts that the dispersion of wealth can be a determinant of comparative advantage for low income countries with poor financial institutions. We find support for these prediction using export and financial panel data from a large sample of countries.
Saying and Doing: Speech Actions, Speech Acts and Related Events
Authors: Grünberg Angela 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe question which this paper examines is that of the correct scope of the claim that extra‐linguistic factors (such as gender and social status) can block the proper workings of natural language. The claim that this is possible has been put forward under the apt label of silencing in the context of Austinian speech act theory. The ‘silencing’ label is apt insofar as when one's ability to exploit the inherent dynamic of language is ‘blocked’ by one's gender or social status then one might justly be said to be silenced. The notion that factors independent of any person's linguistic competence might block her ability to exploit the inherent dynamic of language is of considerable social as well as theoretical significance. I shall defend the claim that factors independent of a person's linguistic competence can indeed block her ability to do things with words but I will show that the cases that have been previously considered to be cases of illocutionary failure are instances of rhetic or locutionary act failure instead. I shall refine the silencing claim as previously advanced in the debate in at least one fundamental respect. I also show that considering the metaphysics of speech acts clarifies many of the issues previously appearing as thorny bones of contention between those who hold that the only notion of silencing that is coherent is that of physically preventing someone from speaking or writing and those who hold the opposite sort of claim sketched above.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome at the Prague Burn Centre 1998–2008
Authors: Zajicek R. , Pintar D. , Broz L. , Suca H. , Königova R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) are skin disorders characterized by extensive necrosis of the mucous membranes and the epidermis caused by an autoimmune response.Objectives To present experience of treating TEN and SJS at the Prague Burn Centre (PBC) 1998–2008.Methods 22 patients with the diagnosis TEN or SJS were enrolled. We collected data including the extent of the skin involvement, the ratio of men : women, the average age, the mortality rate, presence of comorbidities, the length of hospital stay, the period from the first symptoms to the admission to the PBC, corticosteroids administration prior to admission.Results 82% patients had injuries larger than 30% of body surface area. The ratio of men : women was 1 : 1.5; the average age was 48.4 years; the mortality was 32%. Significant comorbidities were present in 41% of the cases. The average length of hospital stay was 12.9 days. The period from the first symptoms to the admission to the PBC was 9.6 days; corticosteroids were administered to 68% of the cases.Conclusion Treatment strategies at the PBC are based upon a multidisciplinary approach and focus on the general principles of treating patients with extensive skin loss. Corticosteroids must be avoided, antibiotics are not indicated and intravenous immunoglobulins are not justified in the standard therapy. Early diagnosis, prompt transport to a burn center are essential for patients outcomes. The medical community should be informed about these rare but potentially life threatening diseases.
Transcriptomic profiles of Wnt3a and insulin in primary cultured rat cortical neurones
Authors: Hooper Claudie , Killick Richard , Fernandes Cathy , Sugden David , Lovestone Simon 
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 512–520.AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a widely expressed, constitutively active, serine/threonine kinase that is negatively regulated by both Wnt and insulin via two independent signalling pathways. GSK3 is an important mediator in many physiological processes including glycogen metabolism, apoptosis and gene transcription. In addition, GSK3 is implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia and cancer, where it exhibits deregulated activity. In this study, we sought to determine the neuronal genes regulated by both Wnt and insulin in an in vitro cell culture model to further elucidate the signalling roles GSK3 plays in the CNS. Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 whole genome microarrays were used to explore the expression profiles of rat primary cortical neurones treated with recombinant Wnt3a (10 nM) or insulin (50 nM) for 2 h. Following a conservative correction (Bonferroni) for multiple testing, seven genes were identified to be differentially expressed from controls; four of these genes were regulated by insulin and three genes were regulated by both insulin and Wnt3a. The data were also analysed using a false discovery rate cut off, which is a less stringent correction for multiple testing. This approach yielded 105 genes that were differentially regulated from controls; 72 of the gene changes were attributable to insulin treatment, 11 were because of Wnt3a treatment and 22 genes were altered by both insulin and Wnt3a. These data demonstrate that the Wnt and insulin pathways exhibit both divergent and overlapping signalling activities in neuronal cells. The overlapping transcriptional response was not attributable to Wnt3a activating Akt. These findings have ramifications for neurodevelopment and neurological diseases, in which the Wnt and insulin signalling pathways are implicated.
Inhibitory effect of caffeine on pacemaker activity in the oviduct is mediated by cAMP‐regulated conductances
Authors: Dixon RE , Hwang SJ , Britton FC , Sanders KM , Ward SM 
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSESpontaneous electrical activity, termed slow waves, drives rhythmic, propulsive contractions in the smooth muscle of the oviduct (myosalpinx). Myosalpinx contractions cause egg transport through the oviduct. Agents that disrupt slow wave pacemaker activity will therefore disrupt myosalpinx contractions and egg transport. Caffeine is commonly used as a ryanodine receptor agonist and has been previously associated with delayed conception. Here we assessed the effects of caffeine on pacemaker activity in the murine myosalpinx.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe effects of caffeine on electrical pacemaker activity were studied using intracellular microelectrode and isometric force measurements on intact oviduct muscle preparations. Responses to caffeine were compared with responses caused by 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin.KEY RESULTSCaffeine caused hyperpolarization of membrane potential and inhibited slow wave generation and myosalpinx contractions. The effects of caffeine could be mimicked by the KATP channel agonist pinacidil and antagonized by the KATP channel antagonist glibenclamide. Caffeine is known to inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), leading to an increase in cytosolic cAMP and stimulation of downstream cAMP‐dependent mechanisms. The effects of caffeine were mimicked by the PDE inhibitor, IBMX, and the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. These effects were also reversed by glibenclamide.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThese results suggest that caffeine activates KATP channels in oviduct myosalpinx. Since caffeine abolishes slow waves and associated contractions of the myosalpinx, it would have a negative effect on egg transport through the oviduct and may contribute to the documented delayed conception in women consuming caffeinated beverages.
Designing for Designing: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Professional Education
Authors: Wang Tsungjuang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInformation and Communication Technologies (ICTs) appear to be well fitted to the education of design professionals, such as architectural and engineering students, mainly because of the unique culture of these professional schools, where the emphasis is on creativity, collaboration, social relevance and rapid communication of ideas. Attention is focused on the reflection‐inaction theory of Donald Schön as well as the educational paradigm of constructivism as it is articulated by Dewey and Vygotsky. It is also argued that the full implementation of ICTs for professional education would also be extremely beneficial to the development of professional collegiality beyond the borders of geography and culture. All of this is followed by a consideration of important criticisms brought to bear upon both the use of ICTs in the classroom and the commonly held assumption that constructivism is the optimal educational paradigm.
A Critical Mapping of Practice‐Based Research as Evidenced by Swedish Architectural Theses
Authors: Büchler Daniela , Biggs Michael A.R. , Ståhl Lars‐Henrik 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents an investigation that was funded by the Swedish Institute into the role of creative practice in architectural research as evidenced in Swedish doctoral theses. The sample was mapped and analysed in terms of clusters of interest, approaches, cultures of knowledge and uses of creative practice. This allowed the identification of the ontological, epistemological and methodological attitudes of the researchers, and hence a glimpse of their implicit worldview. The authors claim that the relationship between worldview and research actions in emerging areas of research such as architecture is often under‐scrutinised, resulting in a disjunction between aims and strategies for action. Architectural research in which creative practices make an essential contribution to the aims, might represent something new in academic research. The investigators therefore focused on identifying cases in which creative practice was – or was claimed to be – integrated in an essential way into the research process.There were two principal conclusions. The first was that the mere presence of practice was not necessarily an indicator of so‐called arts‐based research. The second was that cases of arts‐based research that could be regarded as a new paradigm – as opposed to a variant of existing paradigms – are less common than is claimed by the researchers themselves. As a result, this article makes a contribution to the debate on whether so‐called practice‐based research should be regarded as a distinct new paradigm.