bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular structure‐affinity relationship of natural polyphenols for bovine γ‐globulin
Authors: Xiao Jianbo , Kai Guoyin , Yang Fan , Liu Chunxi , Xu Xiaochen , Yamamoto Koichiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractScope: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between polyphenols and bovine γ‐globulin.Methods and results: The relationship between the structural properties of natural polyphenols and their affinities for bovine γ‐globulin were investigated by fluorescence titration analysis. Methylation of hydroxyl groups on flavonoids weakened the affinities for γ‐globulin by 1.20–38.0 times. Hydroxylation on rings A, B, and C of flavonoids also significantly affected the affinity for γ‐globulin. Glycosylation of flavonoids slightly affected the affinity depending on the conjugation site and the class of sugar moiety. Hydrogenation of the C2C3 double bond on flavonoids decreased the binding affinities. Galloylated catechins and catechol‐type catechins exhibited higher binding affinities for γ‐globulin than non‐galloylated and pyrogallol‐type catechins. The glycosylation of resveratrol decreased its affinity for γ‐globulin.Conclusion: The binding process with γ‐globulin was strongly influenced by the structural differences of polyphenols.
Optimal portfolio and consumption subject to multidimensional economic factors
Authors: Chakrabarty Siddhartha P. , Zhu Zongwu 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper we consider a model for a portfolio comprising a bond and N stocks, which are affected by M economic factors. We formulate an equation for the wealth to encompass instantaneous fraction of wealth invested in the bond and the equities and seek to optimize the utility of the terminal wealth and instantaneous consumption. We illustrate the results by considering an example for a portfolio with one bond, one stock, and one economic factor, namely the gross domestic product. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two novel branched chain polymeric metal complexes based on Cd(II), Zn(II) with fluorene, thiophene, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and 1,10‐phenathroline ligand: synthesis, characterization, photovoltaic properties, and their application in DSSCs
Authors: Liu Yuan , Xiu Qian , Xiao Lifen , Huang Hui , Guo Lihui , Zhang Lirong , Zhang Hailiang , Tan Songting , Zhong Chaofan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo novel side chain polymeric metal complexes (PFT‐Cd and PFT‐Zn) have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These polymers were found to be good thermally stable and high glass transitions temperature, which indicate that these polymers could be applied as photovoltaic materials for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The obtained polymers exhibited good photovoltaic property. The DSSCs based on the PFT‐Cd and PFT‐Zn exhibited a maximum solar‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (η) up to 3.37% (Jsc = 7.27 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.67 V, and FF = 0.69) and 3.01% (Voc = 0.72 V, Jsc = 6.10 mA/cm2, FF = 0.69) under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation (90–95 mW/cm2). The result shows that these novel materials are suitable for the dye‐sensitized solar cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PTEN deletion and heme oxygenase‐1 overexpression cooperate in prostate cancer progression and are associated with adverse clinical outcome
Authors: Li Yunru , Su Jie , DingZhang Xiao , Zhang Jianguo , Yoshimoto Maisa , Liu Shuhong , Bijian Krikor , Gupta Ajay , Squire Jeremy A , Alaoui Jamali Moulay A , Bismar Tarek A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOverexpression of the pro‐survival protein heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and loss of the pro‐apoptotic tumour suppressor PTEN are common events in prostate cancer (PCA). We assessed the occurrence of both HO‐1 expression and PTEN deletion in two cohorts of men with localized and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The phenotypic cooperation of these markers was examined in preclinical and clinical models. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference in HO‐1 epithelial expression between benign, high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), localized PCA, and CRPC (p < 0.0001). The highest epithelial HO‐1 expression was noted in CRPC (2.00 ± 0.89), followed by benign prostate tissue (1.49 ± 1.03) (p = 0.0003), localized PCA (1.20 ± 0.95), and HGPIN (1.07 ± 0.87) (p < 0.0001). However, the difference between HGPIN and PCA was not statistically significant (p = 0.21). PTEN deletions were observed in 35/55 (63.6%) versus 68/183 (37.1%) cases of CRPC and localized PCA, respectively. Although neither HO‐1 overexpression nor PTEN deletions alone in localized PCA showed a statistically significant association with PSA relapse, the combined status of both markers correlated with disease progression (log‐rank test, p = 0.01). In a preclinical model, inhibition of HO‐1 by shRNA in PTEN‐deficient PC3M cell line and their matched cells where PTEN is restored strongly reduced cell growth and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumour growth and lung metastasis formation in mice compared to cells where only HO‐1 is inhibited or PTEN is restored. In summary, we provide clinical and experimental evidence for cooperation between epithelial HO‐1 expression and PTEN deletions in relation to the PCA patient's outcome. These findings could potentially lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic modalities for advanced PCA. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality and completeness of utilisation data on biological agents across European countries: tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors as a case study
Authors: Hoebert Joëlle M. , Mantel‐Teeuwisse Aukje K. , van Dijk Liset , Laing Richard O. , Leufkens Hubert G.M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPurposeFor optimal decision making on access to and regulations around biologicals availability of national utilisation data is a prerequisite. This study characterises the main categories of critical issues in collecting available national utilisation data on tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) inhibitors in different European countries.MethodsData were collected on characteristics of the nature of TNFalpha usage data and on usage of TNFalpha itself (2003–2007). Utilisation rates were expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day. Data from Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal were included.ResultsCharacteristics of TNFalpha (usage settings and ways of distribution to patients) and databases (type of data collected, public availability and data sources) influenced the way data were collected and determined the type of research and policy questions that can validly be addressed. The prevailing differences in the structure of national databases are prohibitive for critical aspects of medicines utilisation studies. An increase in TNFalpha usage over time was observed in all countries and varied widely from 0.32 (Portugal) to 1.89 (Norway) DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day (2007).ConclusionsIn the European countries studied data on national TNFalpha usage is not easily, if at all accessible. Intercountry collaboration and sharing of technical resources will facilitate harmonisation of data collection allowing independent, population based, health and outcomes research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Curricular considerations for pharmaceutical comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Murray Michael D. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn the U.S. pharmacoepidemiology and related health professions can potentially flourish with the congressional appropriation of $1.1 billion of federal funding for comparative effectiveness research (CER). A direct result of this legislation will be the need for sufficient numbers of trained scientists and decision‐makers to address the research and implementation associated with CER. An interdisciplinary expert panel comprised mostly of professionals with pharmaceutical interests was convened to examine the knowledge, skills, and abilities to be considered in the development of a CER curriculum for the health professions focusing predominantly on pharmaceuticals. A limitation of the panel's composition was that it did not represent the breadth of comparative effectiveness research, which additionally includes devices, services, diagnostics, behavioral treatments, and delivery system changes. This bias affects the generalizability of these findings. Notwithstanding, important components of the curriculum identified by the panel included study design considerations and understanding the strengths and limitations of data sources. Important skills and abilities included methods for adjustment of differences in comparator group characteristics to control confounding and bias, data management skills, and clinical skills and insights into the relevance of comparisons. Most of the knowledge, skills, and abilities identified by the panel were consistent with the training of pharmacoepidemiologists. While comparative effectiveness is broader than the pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacoepidemiologists have much to offer academic and professional CER training programs. As such, pharmacoepidemiologists should have a central role in curricular design and provision of the necessary training for needed comparative effectiveness researchers within the realm of pharmaceutical sciences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualization analysis of side‐edge flow phenomena in different thickness/width rectangular cavities using a rotary runner exchange system
Authors: Kanetoh Yoshinori , Yokoi Hidetoshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe authors developed a rotary runner exchange system which is able to instantaneously switch between flow resins of two colors before the gate and proposed a new visualization method which enables observation of the internal flow behavior. In this study, the authors confirmed that resins of the initial filling stage are stretched into a horn shape along both sides of the cavity. This side‐edge flow area found to distribute along both sides of the rectangular cavity, and the distribution state varied with the change in the aspect ratio between the cavity width and thickness. With square cross sections, the side‐edge flow area was confirmed to divide into four corners. The same flow behavior does not occur with circular cross sections. With rectangular cross sections, a solidified layer and a nonflow layer grow consistently from the cavity wall during the flow process. This causes the shape of the residual flow area around the center of the cross section to change during the flow process. As a result of flow history of regions, where shear flow selectively continues over a long time, a horn‐shaped side flow is thought to be formed near both sides of the cavity or its four corners. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Aminoglycolysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) with diethanolamine and evaluation of the products as polyurethane surface coating materials
Authors: Acar Işıl , Orbay Murat 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAminoglycolysis and simultaneous hydrolysis‐aminoglycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) wastes by diethanolamine (DEA) was attempted in the presence of xylene, with the aim of obtaining intermediates containing both hydroxyl and carboxyl end groups, which could be employed in polyurethane surface coatings. Aminoglycolysis and simultaneous hydrolysis‐aminoglycolysis reactions were carried out with the catalysis of zinc acetate (ZnAc) at high temperatures and relatively high pressures. Depolymerization products were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). To prepare polyurethane surface coating films, the depolymerization products were reacted with 1,4 butanediol (BDO) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the presence of dibutiltin dilaurate (DBTDL) catalyst and pyrogallol inhibitor. After the films prepared, the physical properties such as hardness, drying degree, adhesion, and impact resistance of these films were investigated. The intermediates yielded from medium to very hard coatings with excellent adhesion and having medium to very good drying degree. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Drawing and ultimate tensile properties of modified polyamide 6 fibers
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Xin‐Ling , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Wu Dong‐Rui , Qiu Liang , Tsai Fang‐Chang , Lai Yu‐Ching , Zhu Ping , Yeh Jen‐Taut 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe drawing and ultimate tensile properties of the modified PA 6 (MPA) fiber specimens prepared at varying drawing temperature were systematically investigated, wherein the MPA resins were prepared by reactive extrusion of PA 6 with the compatibilizer precursor (CP). At any fixed drawing temperature, the achievable draw ratio (Dra) values of MPA as‐spun fiber specimens increase initially with increasing CP contents, and then approach a maximum value, as their CP contents are close to the 5 wt% optimum value. The maximum Dra values obtained for MPA as‐spun fiber specimens prepared at the optimum CP content reach another maximum as their drawing temperatures approach the optimum drawing temperature at 120°C. The tensile and birefringence values of PA 6 and MPA fiber specimens improve consistently as their draw ratios increase. Similar to those found for their achievable drawing properties, the ultimate tensile and birefringence values of MPA fiber specimens approach a maximum value, as their CP contents and drawing temperatures approach the 5 wt% and 120°C optimum values, respectively. Investigations including Fourier transform infrared, melt shear viscosity, gel content, thermal and wide angle X‐ray diffraction experiments were performed on the MPA resin and/or fiber specimens to clarify the optimum CP content and possible deformation mechanisms accounting for the interesting drawing, birefringence, and ultimate tensile properties found for the MPA fiber specimens prepared in this study. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Acetic acid/water separation by pervaporation with silica filled PDMS membrane
Authors: Hong Housheng , Chen Longxiang , Zhang Qingwen , Zhang Zheran 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSilica‐filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite membranes are prepared on a polytetrafluoroethylene support structure. The structure and the performance of the membranes are characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. The pervaporation process for acetic/water separation is performed within the PDMS membranes. The vulcanization temperature was found to have a great influence on the separation performance of the membrane. The addition of silica can significantly improve the pervaporation flux and enhance the thermal stability of the membrane. With an increase in the feed temperature, selectivity decreases and permeation flux increases. Performed with a pure PDMS membrane vulcanized at 30°C, the separation factor at first will increase, then decrease when the feed flow rate was increased from 14 to 38 L · h−1. The maximum separation factor is achieved when the feed flow rate is 26 L · h−1. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Examination of starch preprocess drying and water absorption of injection‐molded starch‐filled poly(lactic acid) products
Authors: Kovács J.G. , Tábi T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on the drying of native maize starch before compounding with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and on the water absorption of injection‐molded starch‐filled PLA products. The mass loss of starch was examined while drying in a vented oven at various temperatures, and a proposal was made for complete drying. A temperature‐dependent mathematical model was established to describe the moisture loss of native starch. The dried starch was mixed with PLA, compounded with a twin‐screw extruder, and finally injection‐molded into 80 × 80 mm2 area, 2‐mm‐thick flat specimens. These specimens were placed into distilled water to analyze the water uptake and the change in mechanical properties and deformation caused by water uptake for 1 month. Another mathematical model was established to describe the water absorption of the specimens. With the proper drying of starch and PLA, a 30 wt% starch content PLA product was injection‐molded with significantly higher tensile strength compared with literature data. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Copper(0)‐mediated living radical polymerization of acrylonitrile at room temperature
Authors: Chen Qifeng , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhou Nianchen , Cheng Zhenping , Tu Yingfeng , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe copper(0)‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) was investigated using ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate as an initiator and 2,2′‐bipyridine as a ligand. The polymerization proceeded smoothly in dimethyl sulphoxide with higher than 90% conversion in 13 h at 25 °C. The polymerization kept the features of controlled radical polymerization. 1H NMR spectra proved that the resultant polymer was end‐capped by ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate species. Such polymerization technique was also successfully introduced to conduct the copolymerization of styrene (St) and AN to obtain well‐controlled copolymers of St and AN at 25 °C, in which the monomer conversion of St could reach to higher than 90%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Preparation and properties of a novel polythiophene, poly[(3‐hexyliminomethyl)thiophene] with a high regioregularity
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Hoi , Morino Kazuhide , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPoly[(3‐hexyliminomethyl)thiophene]s (P3HITs) were synthesized from the polymerizations of 2,5‐dibromo‐(hexyliminomethyl)thiophene and 5‐bromo‐2‐iodo‐3‐(hexyliminomethyl)thiophene by Grignard metathesis method. The corresponding P3HITs with low regioregularity (70%) and high regioregularity (95%) were obtained, respectively. UV–vis and photoluminescence spectra of P3HIT were dependent on the regioregularity and solvent polarity. By hydrolysis of the imino groups in the side chains under acidic conditions, P3HIT was successfully converted into the polythiophene (P3TCHO) having aldehyde groups. This transformation was also performed facilely by exposing the P3HIT film to HCl gas to give the polythiophene having aldehyde moiety. The reverse way from aldehyde to imine was also successfully demonstrated by treating the film with triethylamine vapor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Polybenzoxazines from renewable diphenolic acid
Authors: Zúñiga C. , Larrechi M. S. , Lligadas G. , Ronda J. C. , Galià M. , Cádiz V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe novel benzoxazine monomers, DPA‐Bz and MDP‐Bz from renewable diphenolic acid (DPA), which mimics the structure of bisphenol A (BPA), were synthesized by traditional approaches. The structure and purity of the monomers was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra. The thermally activated polymerization of the MDP‐Bz and DPA‐Bz afforded thermosetting polybenzoxazines with higher Tg's, 270 °C and 208 °C respectively, and higher crosslinking density compared to BPA‐Bz, due to the transesterification or esterification reactions occurred during curing process. These reactions are in accordance with the number of independent reactions determined analyzing by SVD the chemical rank of the IR spectra data matrices recorded along the homopolymerization reactions monitored at 200 °C. Spectral and concentration profiles of the active chemical species involved in these processes were obtained by MCR‐ALS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Thermoresponsive super water absorbent hydrogels prepared by frontal polymerization of N‐isopropyl acrylamide and 3‐sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt
Authors: Scognamillo Sergio , Alzari Valeria , Nuvoli Daniele , Illescas Javier , Marceddu Salvatore , Mariani Alberto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSuper water absorbent polymer hydrogels were synthesized by frontal polymerization. These materials were obtained by copolymerizing N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and 3‐sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt (SPAK) in the presence of N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide as a crosslinker. It was found that their swelling behavior in water can be easily tuned by using either the appropriate monomer ratio or the amount of the crosslinker used. Namely, the swelling ratio was found to range from about 1000% for the NIPAAm homopolymer in the presence of 5.0 mol % of crosslinker, up to 35,000% for the sample containing 87.5 mol % of SPAK and 1.0 mol % of crosslinker. The affinity toward water was also confirmed by contact angle analysis. Moreover, the obtained hydrogels exhibit a thermoresponsive behavior, with a lower critical solution temperature of about 28–30 °C. This value is close to that of poly(NIPAAm) but with a swelling capability that dramatically increases as the amount of SPAK increases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of fluorene and cyclopentadithiophene‐based copolymers exhibiting broad absorption for photovoltaic devices
Authors: Jung In Hwan , Kim Sun Hee , Jeong Eunjae , Yang Renqiang , Lee Kwanghee , Woo Han Young , Shim Hong‐Ku 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, two low bandgap copolymers composed of fluorene (Fl), cyclopentadithiophene (CDT), and 4,7‐bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DBT) were synthesized, and their optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic (PV) characteristics were investigated for applications in PV devices. The feed ratio of the Fl and CDT moieties was modulated to tune the electronic structures and resulting optical properties of the polymers. In the copolymeric structures, the Fl‐CDT unit absorbs the short‐wavelength UV/vis regions, and the CDT‐DBT (or Fl‐DBT) unit with strong intramolecular charge transfer characteristics covers the long‐wavelength visible regions. P1 exhibited a wide UV absorption spectrum covering the UV and entire visible region in the range of 300–800 nm, and P2 showed absorption covering from 300 to 700 nm. UV/vis and electrochemical studies confirmed the desirable highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels of the copolymers with bandgaps of 1.62–1.86 eV, enabling efficient electron transfer and a high open‐circuit voltage when blending them with fullerene derivatives. When the polymers were blended with [6,6]phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester, P1 exhibited the best device performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.66 V, short‐circuit current of 4.92 mA cm−2, and power conversion efficiency of 1.13% under Air Mass 1.5 Global (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2) illumination. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Aligned carbon cones in free‐standing UV‐Curable polymer composite
Authors: Knaapila Matti , Høyer Henrik , Svåsand Eldrid , Buchanan Mark , Skjeltorp Arne T. , Helgesen Geir 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA concept where an alternating electric field (dielectrophoresis) is used to assemble and align carbon nanocone particles (CNCs) into microscopic wires in self‐supporting polymer films is demonstrated. The particle fraction is kept low (one‐tenth of the percolation threshold of isotropic mixture), which allows uniform dispersion and efficient UV curing. The alignment leads to the conductivity enhancement of three to four orders of magnitude (from ∼10−7 to ∼10−3 S/m) in the alignment direction. It does not require passing current so the material can be isolated from the alignment electrodes. This prevents electrodes attaching to the film, if the film is adhesive in nature. The alignment can be done using either in‐plane or out‐of‐plane geometries. It is proposed that this concept could be applied in areas such as electrostatic discharge applications where inexpensive conductive or dissipative materials and macroscopic uniformity are prerequisites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011