bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short sleep duration and its association with energy metabolism
Authors: Klingenberg L. , Sjödin A. , Holmbäck U. , Astrup A. , Chaput J.‐P. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryA growing body of observational evidence suggests that short sleep duration is a risk factor for the development of obesity. Although increased energy intake is the most prevailing causal explanation for this association, we should also consider possible effects on energy metabolism to understand fully the potential impact of short sleep duration on the regulation of energy balance. We performed a search of the literature from 1970 to 2011, including original papers, investigating the relation between short sleep and energy metabolism in animals and humans. Although the limited number of experimental studies in humans precludes any definitive conclusions about causality, short sleep duration does not seem to substantially affect total daily energy expenditure, nor is there sufficient evidence in support of any meaningful effect of restricted sleep on the specific components of energy metabolism (i.e. resting metabolic rate, intentional as well as unintentional physical activity, diet‐induced thermogenesis, and substrate utilization). As studies on rats suggest that other factors that can potentially influence energy metabolism could be affected (i.e. hormonal systems and thermoregulation), we included these factors in our literature search and found some indications in support of an up‐regulation of thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids as well as increased heat dissipation following total or severe sleep deficit. Although we found some evidence also in humans that suggests a possible effect on energy metabolism, the limitations of the studies make it difficult to draw conclusions on the effect of short sleep on energy metabolism under relevant free living conditions. To explore this area further, more studies using suitable methodology under relevant conditions to mimic real‐life situations are needed.
The Spreading of the City Improvement District Model in Johannesburg and Cape Town: Urban Regeneration and the Neoliberal Agenda in South Africa
Authors: DIDIER SOPHIE , PEYROUX ELISABETH , MORANGE MARIANNE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe spreading of city improvement districts (CIDs) and connected forms of public–private partnership as an international model of urban renewal has been linked to the rise of ‘urban entrepreneurialism’ and the neoliberalization of policies and practices, at a time when competition between cities in the global economy has never been greater. The aim of this article is to explore the transfer and adaptation of the CID model in two cities of the South, Johannesburg and Cape Town. Arguing that CIDs are an example of the local embeddedness of neoliberalism, we highlight the role of the private sector in importing and adapting CIDs in South Africa, and point out the rise of techno‐politicians in CID management. Paying particular attention to discourses, we analyse the way images of decaying urban centres were used to legitimate the adoption of such schemes. The subsequent transformation of the model also enables us to explore the specificity of the adoption of this international best practice model in South Africa and its further circulation at the Southern African level. We conclude that while CIDs in South Africa raise familiar North American issues regarding the private management of public spaces, they also question the very nature of the African city model proposed and envisioned locally.RésuméLa diffusion du modèle du CID et du principe du partenariat public–privéà l'échelle internationale pour servir des stratégies de renouvellement urbain a été lue comme conséquence de la montée en puissance de l'urbanisme entrepreneurial et comme l'avènement de pratiques et politiques néolibérales, ceci alors que la compétition économique mondiale entre les villes est plus vive que jamais. Les auteures s'attachent dans cet article à décrypter le processus de transfert et d'adaptation du modèle du CID dans deux villes du Sud, Johannesbourg et le Cap. L'argument central est que les CIDs offrent un cas d'école de l'ancrage local du néoliberalisme. Le rôle du secteur privé dans l'importation et la promotion du modèle en Afrique du Sud est souligné, et illustre la montée en puissance des techno‐politiciens dans les affaires urbaines. Faisant une place particulière aux discours, les auteures analysent la façon dont les images du déclin des centres ont légitimé l'adoption du modèle. La transformation ultérieure du modèle permet par ailleurs de réfléchir aux spécificités de l'ancrage de ce modèle de «best practice» en Afrique du Sud et sa circulation à l'échelle de l'Afrique australe: alors que les CIDs nous renvoient à des questions relatives à la gestion privée des espaces publics déjà traitées dans les contextes du Nord, ils permettent également de réfléchir à la nature même du modèle de ville africaine proposé ici.
Immigrant Populations and the Labour Market in Greece at the Beginning of the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Gavalas Vasilis S. , Korres George M. , Giannakos Apostolos 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOur purpose in undertaking this research is to methodically map the labour market circumstances of the main immigrant groups in Greece. We classify all of the Districts of Greece into three categories (Diverse, Mixed and Unmixed) according to the ethnic composition of each District. We measure how the employment status of the immigrants varies (1) according to the ethnic group and sex of the immigrant, and (2) according to the ethnic composition and economic structure of a District. In general, the majority of immigrants exhibit lower unemployment and higher economic activity rates than the indigenous Greeks. Three immigrant groups (Albanians, Bulgarians and “Other”), which make up two‐thirds of the foreign‐born population of Greece, have lower unemployment rates than the national average, and lower rates than Greeks as well. The poorest labour market outcomes are observed in Unmixed and Mixed Districts, whereas Diverse Districts are better off. At the regional level, the most disadvantaged Geographical Department is the Ionian Islands, since it presents the highest unemployment rates for the general population for both sexes. With regard to sex‐differential unemployment across immigrant groups, we found that women exhibit higher unemployment than men in almost every ethnic group.
Can Migratory Contacts and Remittances Contribute to Reconciliation and Reconstruction in Rwanda?
Authors: Caarls Kim , Fransen Sonja , Ruben Ruerd 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMigratory contacts may have a positive or a negative influence on local processes of reconciliation and reconstruction. However, their impact on individual attitudinal and behavioural attributes remains a largely underexposed topic. Migrants from post‐conflict Rwanda maintain substantive contacts with their relatives through social networks and the resources that they send. Reconstruction and reconciliation programmes in post‐conflict Rwanda heavily rely on these migratory contacts. We explore the relationship between migration, reconstruction and reconciliation processes in post‐conflict Rwanda. We analyse the importance of migratory contacts as a major constituent of social capital, and discuss whether and how remittances can be used for mobilizing this social capital. Adopting a micro‐level perspective, we examine the effects of migratory contacts and remittances on cooperative behaviour and willingness for reconciliation amongst 558 households in Huye District, southern Rwanda. We find that migratory contacts enhance reconstructive behaviour and reconciliatory attitudes, whereas financial remittances result in reduced participation in these processes, indicating that there is a crowding‐out effect due to remittance‐dependency. Furthermore, we scrutinize the relationship between reconciliation and reconstruction, showing that inter‐group contact is a key mediating variable.
Financial Access for Migrants and Intermediation of Remittances in South Africa
Authors: Makina Daniel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the state of access to financial services by migrants in South Africa and the intermediation of remittances using a case study of Zimbabwean migrants. I observe that migrants generally use informal channels to intermediate remittances. While this phenomenon can technically be attributed to immigration laws and the financial regulatory environment, there are other factors at play, such as cultural inertia. I observe financial access for migrants to be positively related to migrant legal status, income level, savings level and education level. Furthermore, I note that financial access is not correlated with the choice of the mode of remittance transfer. The majority of migrants with financial access still prefer to utilize informal transfer mechanisms. Policy interventions that have the effect of improving financial access include the “formalization” of the legal status of migrants, improving their wage levels and access to education, and expanding savings programmes to migrants.
Disagreement in a Multi‐Asset Market
Authors: He Xue‐Zhong , Shi Lei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper provides a simple framework to study the effect of disagreement in a multi‐asset market equilibrium by considering two agents who disagree about expected returns, variances, and correlation of returns of two risky assets. When agents' subjective beliefs are characterized by mean preserving spreads of a benchmark homogeneous belief, we show that the effect of the disagreement does not cancel out in general and the effect in a multi‐asset market can be very different from a single asset market. In particular, the market risk premium can increase and the risk‐free rate can decrease significantly even when the market is overoptimistic and overconfident.
Hey, How did I become a Role Model? Privacy and the Extent of Role‐Model Obligations
Authors: SPURGIN EARL 
Published: March 2012

abstractMuch of the public criticism of many public figures, such as that of Michael Phelps, Lindsay Lohan, and Bill Clinton, accuses those persons of failing as role models. The criticism often ascribes to public figures role‐model status in a general sense that encompasses their behaviour in aspects of life beyond the fields for which they are known. I argue that, because of privacy considerations, we are unjustified in ascribing broadly to public figures role‐model status in the general sense. Unless public figures hold themselves out to be role models regarding other aspects of life, we are justified in demanding only that they be good role models with respect to their behaviour in their particular fields. To make my arguments, I demonstrate that: 1) we are justified in ascribing role‐model status to individuals far less often than most believe; 2) legitimate role‐model obligations typically do not extend as far into role models' lives as most believe; and, 3) those who try to convince public figures to be better role models should redirect their efforts toward educating young people about who are proper role models and about what aspects of role‐models' lives young people should imitate.
Spider monkeys use high‐quality core areas in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Asensio N. , Lusseau D. , Schaffner C. M. , Aureli F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCore areas are thought to be critical parts of animal home ranges for sustaining the population, but few studies have tested this important assumption. We examined whether core areas of spider monkeys Ateles geoffroyi had better habitat quality than the rest of their home range (non‐core areas). Habitat quality parameters, including density and diversity of food trees, degree of forest maturity and density of sleeping trees in core and non‐core areas were analyzed using Moran eigenvector generalized linear model (GLM) filtering using spatial eigenvector mapping to control for spatial autocorrelation. The best fitting GLM revealed that spider monkeys' core areas had higher habitat quality than non‐core areas. This study provides quantitative evidence supporting the concept of core areas including the most critical resources for an animal population. In this respect, spider monkeys' core areas are a key to understand their movement ecology and habitat preferences.
Upregulation of miR‐24 is associated with a decreased DNA damage response upon etoposide treatment in highly differentiated CD8+ T cells sensitizing them to apoptotic cell death
Authors: Brunner Stefan , Herndler‐Brandstetter Dietmar , Arnold Christoph R. , Wiegers Gerrit Jan , Villunger Andreas , Hackl Matthias , Grillari Johannes , Moreno‐Villanueva María , Bürkle Alexander , Grubeck‐Loebenstein Beatrix 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe life‐long homeostasis of memory CD8+ T cells as well as persistent viral infections have been shown to facilitate the accumulation of highly differentiated CD8+CD28− T cells, a phenomenon that has been associated with an impaired immune function in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating homeostasis of CD8+CD28− T cells have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the miR‐23∼24∼27 cluster is up‐regulated during post‐thymic CD8+ T‐cell differentiation in humans. The increased expression of miR‐24 in CD8+CD28− T cells is associated with decreased expression of the histone variant H2AX, a protein that plays a key role in the DNA damage response (DDR). Following treatment with the classic chemotherapeutic agent etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, apoptosis was increased in CD8+CD28− when compared to CD8+CD28+ T cells and correlated with an impaired DDR in this cell type. The reduced capacity of CD8+CD28− T cell to repair DNA was characterized by the automated fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU) assay as well as by decreased phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser139, of ATM at Ser1981, and of p53 at Ser15. Interleukin (IL)‐15 could prevent etoposide‐mediated apoptosis of CD8+CD28− T cells, suggesting a role for IL‐15 in the survival and the age‐dependent accumulation of CD8+CD28− T cells in humans.
Prospective evaluation of anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosistemic shunt for the management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis
Authors: Senzolo Marco , M. Sartori Teresa , Rossetto Valeria , Burra Patrizia , Cillo Umberto , Boccagni Patrizia , Gasparini Daniele , Miotto Diego , Simioni Paolo , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , A. Burroughs Kenneth 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is no established management algorithm for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patients. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to treat PVT.MethodsCirrhotics with non‐malignant PVT were included. Low weight molecular heparin anticoagulation was considered in all; TIPS was indicated if thrombosis progressed or anticoagulation was contraindicated. Patients who were not anticoagulated nor received TIPS served as controls.ResultsFifty‐six patients (of whom 21 controls) were included. PVT was occlusive in 11/35, with extension to the superior mesenteric or splenic vein in 13/35. In the study group 33 patients were anticoagulated, with a recanalization rate of 36% (12/33) compared with 1/21 among controls. A time interval between appearance of thrombosis and anticoagulation < 6 months predicted chance of repermeation. Thrombus progression occurred in 15/21 non anticoagulated patients and in 5/33 anticoagulated patients (P < 0.001). TIPS was placed in six patients. There were five variceal bleedings and two intestinal venous ischaemia episodes in the control group, compared with one variceal bleeding episode in the study group.ConclusionsIn cirrhotics with PVT, a treatment algorithm using anticoagulation and TIPS achieves a good chance of complete repermeation, reduces portal hypertensive complications, and decreases the rate of thrombosis progression.
Irreplaceable Legislators? Rethinking Minority Representatives in the New Century
Authors: Juenke Eric Gonzalez , Preuhs Robert R. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract We use state legislator ideology estimates (standardized W‐nominate values) to examine whether Latino and African American legislator ideological differences can be explained away by traditional constituency characteristics like partisanship and demographics. We find instead that both Black and Latino legislators are unique “types.” Our evidence supports the theoretical presumption that there is a minority dimension to legislative voting and that it is uniquely personified by minority officeholders. White, Black, Latino, Democrat, and Republican representatives are all examined for responsiveness to different partisan and racial/ethnic populations. The dataset includes all 50 state legislatures from the 1999–2000 legislative sessions, including information from the U.S. Census, NALEO, the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, Gerald Wright's Representation in the American Legislature Project, and CQ Press's Almanac of State Legislative Elections.
When an Event Sparks Behavior Change: An Introduction to the Sentinel Event Method of Dynamic Model Building and Its Application to Emergency Medicine
Authors: Boudreaux Edwin D. , Bock Beth , O’Hea Erin 
Published: March 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:329–335 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractExperiencing a negative consequence related to one’s health behavior, like a medical problem leading to an emergency department (ED) visit, can promote behavior change, giving rise to the popular concept of the “teachable moment.” However, the mechanisms of action underlying this process of change have received scant attention. In particular, most existing health behavior theories are limited in explaining why such events can inspire short‐term change in some and long‐term change in others. Expanding on recommendations published in the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference on public health in emergency medicine (EM), we propose a new method for developing conceptual models that explain how negative events, like medical emergencies, influence behavior change, called the Sentinel Event Method. The method itself is atheoretical; instead, it defines steps to guide investigations that seek to relate specific consequences or events to specific health behaviors. This method can be used to adapt existing health behavior theories to study the event–behavior change relationship or to guide formulation of completely new conceptual models. This paper presents the tenets underlying the Sentinel Event Method, describes the steps comprising the process, and illustrates its application to EM through an example of a cardiac‐related ED visit and tobacco use.
Health history after intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: TURUNEN KAISA , MÖLSÄ ANNI , HELANDER KRISTIINA , SUMANEN MARKKU , MATTILA KARI J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Objective. To establish whether intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with other diseases during a woman's lifetime. Design. Prospective controlled cohort study. Setting. University Hospital in Finland. Population. A total of 575 women with ICP and 1374 control women, all having delivered in 1969–1988. Questionnaires were sent to 544 ICP patients and 1235 control women. Responses were received from 1178 (66.4%). Methods. Questionnaire survey in autumn 2010. Main outcome measures. Perceived health, symptoms and complaints, diseases diagnosed by a doctor and use of medicines. Results. No statistically significant differences were detected in perceived health. Differences in recent symptoms and complaints were small. Diagnoses made by a doctor showed higher frequencies in the ICP group than in control women for other hepatobiliary diseases, breast cancer and hypothyreosis. Diagnosed hypertension and high cholesterol requiring medication as well as cardiac arrhythmia were less frequent in the ICP group. Women in this group used antacid medicines more often than control women. Conclusions. There were few differences between the ICP patients and control women except for a higher frequency of later hepatobiliary disease, breast cancer and hypothyreosis. Women with a history of ICP should be screened for hypothyreosis more readily than those without. The higher frequency of breast cancer warrants further research.
Indolent CD8‐positive T‐cell lymphoid proliferation of the ear: a report of two cases
Authors: Zeng Weifen , Nava Victor E. , Cohen Philip , Ozdemirli Metin 
Published: March 2012

The current classification of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) of the World Health Organization (WHO) includes primary cutaneous CD8‐positive aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma as a provisional entity awaiting cumulative data. Recent reports identify CD3/CD8‐positive clonal T‐cell lymphoid proliferations arising in the ear and nose that behave indolently and therefore defy currently established subclassification. Here, we report two cases of clonal CD8‐positive/granzyme‐B‐negative T‐cell lymphoid proliferations that arose in the ear and behaved indolently. Collectively, these cases suggest that an additional category of cutaneous indolent CD8‐positive T‐cell lymphoma may be necessary among the existing classification schemes.Zeng W, Nava VE, Cohen P, Ozdemirli M. Indolent CD8‐positive T‐cell lymphoid proliferation of the ear: a report of two cases.
Cystic trichoblastoma (so‐called trichoblastic infundibular cyst): a report of three new cases
Authors: Juárez África , Rütten Arno , Kutzner Heinz , Requena Luis 
Published: March 2012

Three cases of so‐called trichoblastic infundibular cyst are reported. The lesions showed a configuration similar to infundibular cysts, including basophilic orthokeratotic corneocytes arranged in basket‐weave pattern and intermingled with eosinophilic sebum. The cyst wall was mainly composed of stratified squamous epithelium showing infundibular keratinization throughout a granular layer. However, in some areas, epithelial cords, buds and reticulated proliferations of follicular germinative cells surrounded by a densely cellular stroma emanated radially from the cyst wall. In one case, in addition to the presence of follicular germinative cells, there were also aggregations of matrical cells with evidences of inner sheath and matrical differentiation. In our opinion, these findings support a neoplastic rather than a cystic nature for this lesion. We discuss the histopathologic differential diagnosis with other follicular cystic lesions showing similar keratinization.Juárez A, Rütten A, Kutzner H, Requena L. Cystic trichoblastoma (so‐called trichoblastic infundibular cyst): a report of three new cases.
Virtual dermatohistopathology at http://www.pathowiki.org
Authors: Roßner Mathias , Roßner Florian , Zwönitzer Ralf , Hofmann Harald , Sterry Wolfram , Kalinski Thomas 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPATHOWIKI (http://www.pathowiki.org) is a new specialized information system in the form of a web‐based wiki with content from all sub‐disciplines of human pathology. Essential components are articles and specimens which are located thematically in dermatopathology. The project is presented on the basis of impressive examples and possibilities. The ability to link all kinds of content and integrate pattern analysis theories creates an effective tool for teaching and training in dermatopathology. Collaborative work ensures the effective usage of available resources and a continually growing amount of content, the quality of which depends on the number of users and should be as high as possible. Therefore, all interested colleagues are invited to support the project.