bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pragmatic and cognitive functioning in adolescents with childhood onset schizophrenia and Asperger syndrome: common and differential patterns
Authors: Le Gall E. , Iakimova G. , Serret S. , Askenazy F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAdolescents with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) and adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS) are characterized by impairments in pragmatics and in cognition.ObjectivesThe study of the specificity of pragmatic and cognitive deficits in COS and in AS is important to highlight some fundamental areas to each disorder and to refine behavioural phenotypes which may provide a link to gene-brain-behaviour.AimsThe present study directly compares the pragmatic and cognitive functions in adolescents with COS and AS.MethodsTwelve adolescents with COS and 14 adolescents with AS, matched on general IQ, verbal IQ and performance IQ, were compared. Pragmatics was explored by the Children's Communication Checklist, a parental report of language and communication in naturalistic context. Cognition was explored by Wechsler Intelligence Scale and by several specific tasks: Theory of Mind (ToM), Figurative Language Comprehension, executive functions (WCST), mental flexibility and working memory (TMT) and inhibition (Stroop).ResultsCompared to adolescents with COS, adolescents with AS exhibited more severe pragmatic impairments in naturalistic context and had more reduced figurative comprehension. In contrast, compared to AS, adolescents with COS exhibited impaired inhibition and deficit in verbal reasoning (subtest “Similarities” of the Wechsler). Both groups had similar results on ToM, WCST and TMT tasks, and on the all other Wechsler’s subtests.ConclusionsDespite some similarities, adolescents with AS and with COS differed when pragmatics was evaluated in naturalistic context. Cognitive impairments observed in inhibition and in verbal reasoning may be specifically related to thought disorder, a core feature of schizophrenia.
Characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and good medication adherence treated in everyday clinical practice across four European countries
Authors: Levy P. 
Published: May 2011

AimLittle is known about patients with schizophrenia treated in everyday clinical practice who have good medication adherence. The survey performed in four European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy and Spain) aimed to characterize these patients in terms of demographic characteristics, presenting symptomatology, and current antipsychotic treatement.MethodsA survey involving 744 psychiatrists gathered anonimous retrospective data from 3,996 patients with schizophrenia. Principal component analysis was used to structure the patient attributes relevant for antipsychotic choice, identifying two discriminating variables (disease severity and socioeconomic level) accounting for 91% of the variance in the data. Methodology is described in full detail by Gorwood (2010).Results35% of 3,996 patients were assessed as having good medication adherence. They had a mean 5.0 previous episodes and 3.2 previous hospitalizations, 67% were assessed as having mild to moderately severe illness, and 42% as having mild cognitive dysfunction, and 76% had high or satisfactory insight on the disease. 62% of them were outpatients, 18% were living alone and 72% with the family, with a relative being principal caregiver in 58% of subjects. 48% were smokers, 6% had drug and 6% alcohol addiction. Risperidone and quetiapine were used most frequently (each in 20% of subjects). Ziprasidone was used in 10% of patients.ConclusionApproximately 2/3 of the patients with good medication adherence were living with a family. 40% of subjects had mild cognitive dysfunction. Rates of smoking and drug/alcohol addiction were substantially lower than in other patient subpopulations investigated in this survey.
Dynamics of psychopathological symptomatology and cytokine levels in the process of schizophrenic patients treatment
Authors: Lobacheva O.A. , Vetlugina T.P. , Menyavtseva T.A. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveInvestigation of spontaneous, mitogen-induced production and serum concentration of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TNF-α of schizophrenic patients with different dynamic of psychopathological symptomatology during therapy.MethodsClinical Global Impression Scale (CGI, subscale CGI-С) was used to estimate dynamic of psychopathological symptomatology during treatment: 32 schizophrenics were divided into two groups: group 1 (10 patients) - with considerable improvement of psychopathological symptomatology; 2 (22 persons) - with non-considerable improvement or without changes.Serum concentration, spontaneous, mitogen-induced production of IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α by leukocytes of schizophrenics was identified with sets for immune-enzyme analysis in dynamic of treatment (point 1 - during admission in hospital, point 2 - by week 6 of treatment).ResultsIn point 1, mitogen-induced production of IL-4, serum IFN-γ, spontaneous production and serum TNF-α significantly exceeded values in control. Simultaneously, in these examined we noticed decrease of induced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Group 1 showed higher values of induced production of IFN-γ and lower values induced production of TNF-α as compared with group 2.In point 2, in patients of group 1, we established significant increase of mitogen-induced and spontaneous production of TNF-α, spontaneous production of IFN-γ as compared with conformable values prior to treatment. Increase of induced production of IL-4 has a trend toward lowering serum concentration of TNF-α, what was shown in both groups.ConclusionThus, schizophrenia is accompanied by disturbances of cytokine levels. We identified that favorable clinical dynamic was followed by the positive dynamic of mitogen-induced production of IFN-γ and serum level of TNF-α.
P03-265 The importance of the multidisciplinary attention in the mental serious disorder. About a case
Authors: López Marco D. , Consuegra Sánchez R. , Mártinez Pérez I. , Gómez Poveda A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEl following work tries to show the difficulty of adherence to the treatment of our patients and the factors that influence the same one.AimsTo establish an alliance terapeútica in a patient with diagnosis of paranoid Esuizofrenia submitted to dialysis with void conscience of disease.Material and methodsSecondary chronicle treats itself about a 49-year-old male diagnosed of paranoid Schizophrenia with a renal disease to a chronic familiar GN in phase V in dialysis nowadays. He does not arouse of mental illness.Personal precedentsRenal chronic insufficiency in daily dialysis. Badly TA’s control and irregular follow-up of the diet. From Nefrología’s consultation they request interconsultation and psychiatric treatment.It is sent for nefróloga for valuation of pharmacological treatment by the aim to improve the adherence to his dialysis. From the first moment it considers to work together with nefrología to adapt treatment, being the mediating one the sister-in-law. We initiate treatment with paliperidona 3mgr/día. We remind that it of the nefróloga every day on having come to dialysis. Later we initiate treatment with injectable Risperidona of long duration 25mgr/14 days in increasing dose up to 75mgr/14días with good response.ResultsThough it keeps small conscience of presenting a mental illness, he accepts the treatment, improving both the psychotic symptomatology and the acceptance of his physical ailments.ConclusionsThe multidisciplinary attention in the psychiatric patient and especially in the mental serious patient it is fundamental to obtain a good alliance and adherence to the treatment, and therefore to improve the forecast.
Olanzapine and zuclopenthixol combined therapy for the treatment of refractory schizophrenia: 2 case reports
Authors: Manea M. , Rusanu V. , Patrichi B.E. , Puiu M.G. , Stoean R.M. , Stefanache A.A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPatients who remain unresponsive to two different antipsychotics should be given clozapine. However, some of the schizophrenic patients had presented an unsatisfactory benefit under clozapine monotherapy or clozapine cannot be used because of toxicity or patient refusal. Finding an efficient therapy represents a tough challenge in this situation, other drugs or drug combinations can be tried.The aimTo choose a therapeutic scheme that improves acute psychotic symptoms and has a good tolerability. Olanzapine has antagonist activity at dopamine, serotonin, muscarinic, α1-adrenergic and histamine receptors. Zuclopenthixol has high affinity for both dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, high affinity for α1-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors, a weaker histamine H1 receptor blocking activity, and even lower affinity for muscarinic cholinergic and α2-adrenergic receptors.Methods2 schizophrenic females patients, hospitalized for an active phase episode. Both patient had perssistent hallucinations during the course of their illness despite the antipsychotic treatment and the good compliance. In the past they followed multiple therapeutic schemes. Antipsychotic medication was adjusted following the clinical outcome. Instruments: PANSS, CGI, weight, glycemia, lipide profile, blood pressure, heart rate, full blood count, hepatic enzymes, EKG, adverse events and relapse (follow-up 6 months).ResultsOlanzapine and zuclopenthixol combined therapy led to psychotic symptoms remission.ConclusionsIn this case olanzapine and zuclopenthixol may represent an option for treatment of refractory schizophrenia. No new side effects have been observed or any unfavorable drug interactions. These results have maintained untill the end of the follow-up period.
Sexuality perceptions of people with schizophrenia: preliminary results in a portuguese sample
Authors: Marques A.J. , Santos T. , Queiros C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSexuality is an important dimension of life. To promote the well-being and quality of life of people with Schizophrenia, they must experience their sexuality in healthy ways. However, the lack of studies about this topic makes difficult to develop interventions in this area.AimsUnderstand the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes related with sexuality of schizophrenic individuals.MethodsData were collected using a questionnaire intentionally prepared for this study, with questions related to biologic, emotional and social dimensions of sexuality, evaluating: knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about sexuality; sexual activity; emotional intimacy, friendship and social life. The sample was composed by 35 individuals with Schizophrenia: 83% male and 17% female; mean age 41 years.ResultsThe data revealed that 86% of the sample is single and only 6% have an affective relationship. They have difficulties to have friends, to have a satisfactory social life, and only 20% have a job. Despite the correct knowledge about sexuality, they reveal difficulties in fulfilling emotional or intimate relationships, they feel lonely and unsatisfied about their sexual life. They also feel negative effects of anti-psychotic drugs, often neglected by health professionals, views as non-preoccupied with the quality of the sexual life of the patients.ConclusionsThe sample valorized being asked about their sexuality, revealing that this topic is forgot by the professionals. It seems necessary to develop interventions regarding the sexuality of those individuals. Our future research is to ameliorate the questionnaire, preparing it to be useful when professionals discuss sexuality with schizophrenic individuals.
Stigma in mental health: perceptions of students who will be future health professionals
Authors: Marques A.J. , Barbosa T. , Queiros C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionActually, in society, stigma against mental illness stills strong, making difficult to develop recovery and social integration of people suffering from mental illness, witch affects their well-being and quality of life. Studies indicates that stigma can be elicited by different social groups, which include, in addition to the general population, the relatives, the individuals with mental illness and event health professionals (Schulze, 2007).AimsCompare attitudes and stigma against mental illness from students who will work in mental health teams.MethodsData were collected using a translation of Attribution Questionnaire - AQ 27 (Corrigan, 2003), fulfil in an anonym way from 486 Portuguese students of Medicine, Psychology, Occupational Therapy and Nursing. The sample was composed by 22% male and 78% female; mean age 20.4 years, 65% at begging of the course and 35% finishing.ResultsThe data reveal that the sample has little contact with mentally ill individuals (only 19% have relatives with mental illness). Students from Medicine and Psychology present higher values in stigma dimensions, while Occupational Therapy and Nursing show lower values. Students begging the course shows higher stigma than those finishing. Having regular contact with mentally ill individuals seems to decrease stigma attitudes.ConclusionsSome attitudes related to stigma were found, contradicting the actual knowledge about mental illness and politics of social inclusion. It seems necessary to modify theoretical topics about mental illness learned by students, and also pedagogical methods. Therefore, stigma and social exclusion will be discuss and avoid since the beginning of the courses.
Perceptions and stereotypes about mental illness in a sample of Portuguese employers
Authors: Marques A.J. , Lopes L. , Queiros C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDespite society argues that all citizens have equal rights and equal opportunities, mentally ill individuals face discrimination, especially in the employment context. Research reported benefits of working and have a job, witch help play social roles and feel useful, key components in social inclusion and recovery of mentally ill individuals.Employers have an important role in the access of mentally ill individuals into work. They take decisions that affect life opportunities, but, due to their powerful position, their attitudes can influence all enterprise and maintain stereotypes and stigma.AimsKnow perceptions and stereotypes about mental illness in Portuguese employers.MethodsData were collected using a translation of Attitude Scale for Mental Illness (Hahn, 2002), evaluating dimensions such as separatism, stereotyping, restrictiveness, benevolence, pessimistic prediction and stigmatization. The scale was fulfil using online anonym way, by 50 employers from small (under 250 employees) metallurgic or textile enterprises (60% male, 40% female; mean age 45.9 years).ResultsNone of the enterprises have employees with mental illness, neither integration policies. Employers prefer to give a job to people with physical disabilities than to people with mental illness, choosing people with schizophrenia as the last possibility. They have little contact with mentally ill individuals, 96% don’t know governmental policies for job inclusion and only 54% accepts to participate in meetings to understand those policies. Stereotyping, benevolence and pessimistic prediction present highest values.ConclusionsEmployers must be informed about governmental policies using work as a form of social inclusion from mentally ill people.
The portuguese version of the personal and social performance scale (PSP): reliability, validity, and relationship with cognitive measures in hospitalized and community schizophrenia patients
Authors: Brissos S. , Marques J.G. , Palhavã F. , Mexia S. , Carmo A.L. , Carvalho M. , Dias C. , Franco J.D. , Mendes R. , Zuzarte P. , Carita A.I. , Molodynski A. , Figueira M.L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDeficits in social functioning are a core feature of schizophrenia and are influenced by both symptomatic and neurocognitive variables.ObjectivesIn the present study we aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale, and possible correlations with measures of cognitive functioning.MethodsOne-hundred and four community and inpatients with schizophrenia were assessed using measures of social functioning and symptom severity alongside measures of executive function, processing speed and verbal memory.ResultsThe reliability of the PSP was found to be satisfactory, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.789. Inter-rater reliability in the four domains of the PSP varied from 0.430 to 0.954. Low-functioning patients (PSP < 70) were older, had longer duration of illness, were more symptomatic and had worse cognitive performances, as compared to high-functioning patients (PSP ≥ 70). In a regression model, deficits in social functioning were strongly predicted both by symptomatic and neurocognitive variables; these together accounted for up to 62% of the variance.ConclusionsThe present study supports the reliability and validity of the Portuguese language version of the PSP and further supports the original measure. The co-administration of brief cognitive assessments with measures of functioning may lead to more focused interventions, possibly improving outcomes in this group.
Impact of family psychoeducation in treatment adherence in psychosis
Authors: Martin M.F. , Rigau N. , Garcia M.T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionFailure of antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia is 80% according to a study by Corrigan and Weiden et al. They reported rates of pharmacologic treatment failure as 50% one year after psychiatric admission and 75% after two years. Between many factors influencing, one is the relationship between the professional and the family. There are different models of family intervention that have been effective in improving relapse rate, symptoms, social and occupational functioning, adherence and knowledge of illness and family burden (Zhang, Yan, Yao, & Ye et al., 1993).ObjectivesTo assess the association and strength between the performance of family psycho education groups and adherence to treatment in a schizophrenic population.Material and methodsObservational non blinded descriptive study in people with schizophrenia treated in an outpatient service which has 75000 inhabitants of reference population. We divided the patients into two groups whether family psycho education was done or not in the past 5 years. In each group we randomly sampled and reached an n > 30 and then we practiced a 2-year prospective follow-up recording the following variables: diagnosis, disease evolution, comorbidity with affective disorder, GAF and CGI, type of drug treatment both at the beginning and end of follow up, number of therapeutic changes, compliance visits, number of hospital admissions, number of emergency visits and side effects tolerance. After the follow-up we will do a descriptive statistics (Student t, X2, ANOVA) through SPSS version 11.5.Results and conclusionsWill be sent at the end of the study.
The EMEA ADHES survey in schizophrenia: psychiatrists’ perceptions of reasons for partial or non-adherence
Authors: Gorwood P. , Alptekin K. , Azorin J.M. , Cañas F. , Dubois V. , Emsley R. , Haddad P. , Naber D. , Olivares J.M. , Papageorgiou G. , Roca M. , Thomas P. , Martinez L. , Schreiner A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPartial or non-adherence to medication is high amongst patients with schizophrenia. Many and often overlapping factors are considered to impact on treatment adherence, including: patient-related (lack of insight, psychotic, negative or cognitive symptoms), treatment-related (adverse effects, insufficient efficacy), environmental (living situation, negative attitudes of relatives/friends), and physician-related (patient-healthcare professionals relationship) factors.ObjectivesThe objective of the ADHES EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) survey was to collect psychiatrist's perceptions of the assessment, reasons and management of partial and non-adherence to medication.AimsTo present psychiatrist's opinion through EMEA of potential reasons for partial or non-adherenceMethodsThe ADHES survey comprised 20 questions and was conducted in 36 countries across EMEA (over 4500 psychiatrists treating patients with schizophrenia).ResultsAcross EMEA 37% of psychiatrists viewed lack of insight as the most important reason for their patients stopping medication. 23% of psychiatrists viewed patient's feeling better and thinking it unnecessary to take medication as the most important reason for their patients stopping medication. 7% or less of psychiatrists viewed undesirable side effects, insufficient efficacy, cognitive impairment or drug/alcohol abuse as the most important reasons for their patients stopping medication.DiscussionIn this survey, psychiatrists estimated that patient’s lack of insight and subjective improvement could constitute the main factors explaining poor adherence. Other factors (i.e., side effects, substance abuse) were regarded as less important. Strategies aimed at raising awareness of maintaining treatment, are warranted within EMEA, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes.
The EMEA ADHES survey in schizophrenia, an initiative to raise awareness of non-adherence to medication. demographics and methodology
Authors: Olivares J.M. , Alptekin K. , Azorin J.M. , Cañas F. , Dubois V. , Emsley R. , Gorwood P. , Haddad P. , Naber D. , Papageorgiou G. , Roca M. , Thomas P. , Martinez L. , Schreiner A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRates of non-adherence of up to 72% have being reported, in schizophrenia, depending on the method used and the patient population. Rates of approximately 59% over 1 year have been reported for individuals with a first episode. Patients who stop medication are almost five times more likely to experience relapse than adherent patients. Failure to adhere to medication can have a major impact on the course of illness and treatment outcomes.ObjectivesThe EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) ADHES schizophrenia survey was a survey of psychiatrists across the region, treating patients with schizophrenia, designed to canvas their perceptions of assessment, potential reasons and management for partial or non-adherence to medication amongst their patients.AimsTo present methodology and demographics of the EMEA ADHES survey in schizophrenia.MethodsThe EMEA ADHES survey comprised 20 questions and was conducted in 36 countries across EMEA. In addition to recording the gender, age and practice setting of the respondents, questions related directly to the issue of partial-/non-adherence in patients with schizophrenia.ResultsThe survey was conducted amongst psychiatrists (including neurologists with psychiatric background in Germany) from January - March 2010. Results were obtained from 4722 respondents. Psychiatrists perceived that during the previous month more than half of their patients (53%) were partially or non-adherent across all EMEA regionsDiscussionThe EMEA ADHES schizophrenia survey is a large and geographically broad survey providing insight on psychiatrists’ perceptions of the assessment, causes and management of partial and non-adherence to medication.