bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness of the hover flies Episyrphus balteatus and Eupeodes corollae faced with limited larval prey
Authors: Rojo Santos , Hopper Keith R. , Marcos‐García M. Angeles 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDifferences in adult oviposition behavior of the aphidophagous hover flies Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) and Eupeodes corollae (F.) (Diptera: Syrphidae) led us to formulate and test hypotheses concerning their larval behaviour. In laboratory experiments, larval E. balteatus lived longer when starved than larval E. corollae, and this difference increased with age at which starvation commenced. Larval E. balteatus crawled faster than larval E. corollae, and this difference increased under starvation. Limited aphid supply reduced larval and pupal survival more for E. corollae than for E. balteatus. However, the effect of limited aphid supply on adult body size did not differ for the two species. E. balteatus oviposition and larval behavior make it a more promising candidate for introducing to control Diuraphis noxia (Mordwilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae) where this aphid has become an exotic pest.
Effect of cocoa pod age on egg distribution and egg parasitism of the cocoa pod borer in Malaysia
Authors: Azhar I. , Long G. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effects of pod age on oviposition, and on egg and larval survival of the cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen), were investigated. CPB were allowed to oviposit on a batch of 50 pods for a period of 7 days over several exposure dates. Numbers of CPB eggs/pod and survival to larval emergence from the pods were recorded. Pods were harvested when ripe and analyzed for larval survival within the pod. The oviposition pattern varied with pod age. Older pods less than 7 weeks before ripening (WBR) were preferred, suggesting greater nutritional value or chemical attraction of the older pods. The proportion of eggs parasitized by Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumata Nagaraja (TBF), the number of eggs lost and the proportion surviving to larval emergence from the pod were independent of pod age. Egg parasitism was low, implying that TBF was not an effective natural enemy. Mass‐releases of TBF should be intensified during cropping periods with higher proportions of susceptible pods (<10 WBR). Survival of larvae in the presclerotic layer (preSCL) was high and independent of pod age. Larval mortality at the SCL (sclerotic layer) was dependent on pod age and was high in older pods. Larval density influenced the survival of larvae inside the pod and was dependent on pod age. Larval mortality associated with SCL hardness and thickness is one of the criteria for the selection of CPB resistant cocoa clones.
Behavioral responses in prey location of the predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata, to chemical cues in the larvae of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Yasuda Tetsuya , Wakamura Sadao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBehavioral responses of the predatory stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) towards Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae were observed in olfactometers. In single‐ and dual‐tube olfactometers, adult bugs were observed to approach and stretch their proboscis toward the odor source. These types of behavior were also observed toward the control odor source in the dual‐tube olfactometer. However, the frequency of these phases toward the control odor was significantly lower than that toward the odors from intact or dead larvae. The solvent extracts of larvae elicited these similar behavioral phases significantly more frequently and for significantly longer duration than the control. In a linear track olfactometer, E. furcellata nymphs were observed to be attracted to the fraction eluted with hexane from silica gel chromatography but proboscis‐protruding behavior was not observed. The other fraction, 15%‐ether‐in‐hexane from silica gel chromatography, elicited the proboscis‐protruding behavior by a simple behavioral assay using a Pasteur pipette. These findings therefore indicate the presence of at least two different chemical cues in prey location.
The role of host species, age and defensive behaviour on ovipositional decisions in a solitary specialist and gregarious generalist parasitoid (Cotesiaspecies)
Authors: Brodeur Jacques , Geervliet Jacqueline B. F. , Vet Louise E. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine the extent to which host acceptance behaviour as related to host species, age, and defensive behaviour might explain the differences in host use that exist between two congeneric and sympatric species of parasitic wasps.Cotesia glomerata(L.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is gregarious and generalist on several species of Pieridae, whereasC. rubecula(Marshall) is solitary and specific toPieris rapae(L.).Cotesiaspecies differed in their responses to host species (P. brassicae (L.),P. napi(L.) andP. rapae) and developmental stage (early and late 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars). In no‐choice tests, host acceptance byC. rubeculawas higher forP. rapaeand females did not distinguish among the 6 host ages. In contrast, when foraging forP. brassicaeandP. napi, C. rubeculafemales more readily attacked early first instar.Cotesia glomeratashowed a higher degree of behavioural plasticity towards acceptance ofPierishost species and host age than didC. rubecula. Cotesia glomeratafemales parasitized the threePierisspecies and showed higher acceptance of first and second instars over third instar. Oviposition success was also influenced by host defensive behaviour. The frequency and the effectiveness of defensive behaviour rose with increasing age of the host,P. brassicaebeing the most aggressivePierisspecies. Furthermore, the mean duration ofC. glomerataoviposition was significantly reduced by the defensive reactions ofP. brassicae, which would likely affect parasitoid fitness as oviposition time is positively correlated to clutch size inC. glomerata.Acceptance frequencies corresponded well to field reports ofPieris‐Cotesiaassociations and to patterns of parasitoid larval performance, suggesting that the acceptance phase might be used as a reliable indicator ofCotesiahost‐specificity.
Determination of the toxicity of faeces of cattle treated with an ivermectin sustained‐release bolus and preference trials using a dung fly,Neomyia cornicina
Authors: Gover Jane , Strong Les 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe toxicity of dung from cattle treated with an ivermectin sustained‐release bolus was estimated in terms of ivermectin or ivermectin equivalents, using a laboratory bioassay with the dung flyNeomyia cornicinaFabricius (Diptera, Muscidae). The mortalities of flies measured 7 days after feeding for 24 h on dung containing known concentrations of ivermectin (between 0.125 and 1 μg ivermectin per gram fresh dung) were compared with the mortalities of insects fed for 24 h on dung from cattle treated 21 days previously with an ivermectin sustained‐release bolus. The toxicity of the bolus dung was equivalent to dung containing 0.66 μg ivermectin per gram fresh dung. To determine whether insects could differentiate between control dung and dung from bolus‐treated cattle, choice‐chamber tests were carried out. There was no significant difference in the percentage of females that chose either dung type, suggesting that they were unable to distinguish the dung of bolus‐treated cattle from control dung. Results are discussed in relation to the impact that bolus use can have on the insect fauna of cattle dung.
Effects of honeydew and insecticide residues on the distribution of foraging aphid parasitoids under glasshouse and field conditions
Authors: Longley Martin , Jepson Paul C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe opposing effects of attraction to host‐derived kairomones and repellency from the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin were investigated with aphid parasitoids from the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). The spatial distribution of female parasitoids was recorded in a series of experiments conducted in a small glasshouse containing wheat plants either infested with cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Homoptera: Aphididae), uninfested or treated with the recommended field concentration of deltamethrin. The number of parasitoids per plant were counted at 0.5 h, 1 h and then at one hourly intervals up to 8 h after release. Parasitoids showed a strong aggregation response to aphid‐infested plants compared to adjacent uninfested plants. With the introduction of insecticide‐treated plants around the aphid‐infested plants, parasitoids showed a greater tendency to disperse away, resulting in fewer parasitoids on plants and significantly lower rates of aphid parasitism. The degree of aphid fall‐off from plants was a good indicator of parasitoid foraging activity. In field studies, using sticky traps to measure the activity of parasitoids in plots sprayed with water, deltamethrin and/or an artificial honeydew solution, repellent properties were evident for up to 2 days after application. The attraction/arrestment stimuli associated with the honeydew solution were sufficient for parasitoids to continue searching insecticide‐treated areas. The implications of these findings for parasitoids searching crops contaminated with aphid‐derived kairomones and insecticides are discussed.
Secondary host choice by the autoparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella
Authors: Pedata Paolo A. , Hunter Martha S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAutoparasitoids are species of parasitic wasps in the family Aphelinidae which produce females as solitary primary endoparasitoids of homopterans such as whitefly and scale insects (‘primary hosts’), and males as solitary hyperparasitoids. Males generally develop on immature conspecific females or on individuals of other primary parasitoid species (‘secondary hosts’). Encarsia pergandiella is an autoparasitoid that has been introduced to Italy for control of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, in greenhouses and field crops. In this study we examined the secondary host selection behaviour of this species with regard to conspecific females and females of two thelytokous species, E. formosa and E. meritoria. Encarsia formosa has been used successfully for greenhouse whitefly control in Northern Europe, but has not been effective in Southern Italy in winter crops in unheated greenhouses. E. meritoria has recently spread in Italy, and may have potential for biological control of whitefly in the greenhouse environment. In the first experiment, female E. pergandiella were exposed to one of three pair‐wise combinations of the three species in petri dish arenas. Parasitism was determined by dissection of the hosts. The number of hosts parasitized by E. pergandiella females did not differ with host species. However, significantly greater numbers of eggs were laid in E. meritoria in both treatments in which it was present; these hosts were more likely to be superparasitized. In a second experiment, observations of females in arenas with equal numbers of all three host species indicated that females encountered and parasitized all host species with approximately equal frequency, although the length of time females spent in the oviposition posture differed with host species.
A feasible, aesthetic quality evaluation of implant‐supported single crowns: an analysis of validity and reliability
Authors: Hosseini Mandana , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objectives: To test the reliability and validity of six aesthetic parameters and to compare the professional‐ and patient‐reported aesthetic outcomes.
Material and methods: Thirty‐four patients with 66 implant‐supported premolar crowns were included. Two prosthodontists and 11 dental students evaluated six aesthetic parameters, the Copenhagen Index Score (CIS): (i) crown morphology score, (ii) crown colour match score, (iii) symmetry/harmony score, (iv) mucosal discolouration score, (v) papilla index score, mesially and (vi) papilla index score, distally. The intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement and the internal consistency were analysed by Cohen's κ and Cronbach's α, respectively. The validity of CIS parameters was tested against the corresponding Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) scores. The Spearman correlation coefficients were used. Six aesthetic Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questions were correlated to the CIS and the overall VAS scores.
Results: The intra‐observer agreement was >70% in 2/3 and >50% in all observations. The inter‐observed agreement was >50% in 4/5 of all observations. The mucosal discolouration score had the overall highest observed agreement followed by the papilla index scores. The crown morphology and the symmetry/harmony scores had the overall lowest agreement. The Cronbach α value was over 0.8 for all observers. All CIS scores demonstrated significant (P<0.0001) correlation to the corresponding VAS scores. Low correlation coefficients (CIS/OHIP: rs<0.36; VAS/OHIP: rs >−0,24) were found between patient and professional evaluations.
Conclusions: The feasibility, reliability and validity of the CIS make the parameters useful for quality control of implant‐supported restorations. The professional‐ and patient‐reported aesthetic outcomes had no significant correlation.
To cite this article: Hosseini M, Gotfredsen K. A feasible, aesthetic quality evaluation of implant‐supported single crowns: an analysis of validity and reliability. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012 453–458. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02162.x
Accuracy assessment of cone beam computed tomography‐derived laboratory‐based surgical templates on partially edentulous patients
Authors: Behneke Alexandra , Burwinkel Matthias , Knierim Kristian , Behneke Nikolaus 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present prospective clinical study was to evaluate the match between the positions and axes of the virtually planned and the placed implants using laboratory‐based surgical guides generated from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and methods: A total of 132 implants were placed with the aid of 3D‐based transfer templates in 52 consecutive partially edentulous patients between April 2008 and March 2010. After individual adaptation of the scan templates and CBCT scanning, the acquired data for virtual implant planning and simulation were processed using the med3D software program. After finalizing the virtual placement of the implants the radiographic templates were converted into operative guides containing titanium sleeves for cavity preparation. Preoperative planning was merged with postoperative CBCT data to identify linear and angular deviations between virtually planned and placed implants.
Results: Compared with the planned implants the installed implants showed linear deviations in the median at the neck and apex of 0.27 mm (range 0.01–0.97 mm), and of 0.46 mm (range 0.03–1.38 mm), respectively. The angle deviation was 1.84° in median, with a range of 0.07–6.26°. The extent of deviation depends on the size of the tooth gap and the distribution of the remaining teeth.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that laboratory‐fabricated surgical guides using CBCT data may be reliable in implant placement under prosthodontic considerations in partial edentulism.
To cite this article: Behneke A, Burwinkel M, Knierim K, Behneke N. Accuracy assessment of cone beam computed tomography‐derived laboratory‐based surgical templates on partially edentulous patients. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 137–143.  doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02176.x
Effect ofAscaridia comparinfection on rock partridge population dynamics: empirical and theoretical investigations
Authors: Rosà R. , Bolzoni L. , Rosso F. , Pugliese A. , Hudson P. J. , Rizzoli A. 
Published: March 2011

Helminth parasites have the potential to significantly affect the dynamics of their hosts. As a consequence, they can dramatically threaten the persistence of endangered species, such as rock partridgeAlectoris graeca saxatilis, found in the Province of Trento (northern Italy).The aim of this work was to understand the effect of helminth parasites on rock partridge fitness, and the subsequent potential effects on host population dynamics. In particular, we investigated the hypothesis that infections fromAscaridia comparinduce rock partridge population cycles observed in Trentino. In order to support this hypothesis, we compared the predictions obtained from a host–parasite interaction model including variable parasite aggregation with multi‐annual empirical data ofA. comparinfection in natural host populations. We estimated host demographic parameters using rock partridge census data from Trentino, and the parasitological parameters from a series of experimental infections in a captive rock partridge population. The host–parasite model predicted higherA. comparabundance in rock partridge populations exhibiting cyclic dynamics compared to non‐cyclic ones. In addition, for cyclic host populations, the model predicted an increase in mean parasite burden with the length of cycle period. Model predictions were well‐supported by field data: significant differences in parasite infection between cyclic and non‐cyclic populations and among cyclic populations with different oscillation periods were observed.On the basis of these results, we conclude that helminth parasites can not be ruled out as drivers of rock partridge population dynamics in Trentino and must be considered when planning conservation strategies of this threatened species.
Facing up to the imperceptible perspiration. Modulatory influences by diabetic neuropathy, physical exercise and antiperspirant
Authors: Xhauflaire‐Uhoda Emmanuelle , Mayeux Géraldine , Quatresooz Pascale , Scheen André , Piérard Gérald E. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Sweating is variably altered by physical exercise, diabetic neuropathy and antiperspirants.Methods: Skin temperature, skin surface water loss (SSWL), the Corneometer® average capacitance (CMAC) and skin capacitance mapping (SCM) were measured before and after moderate physical exercise in 20 healthy subjects. The effect of 5% aluminium chloride hexahydrate (ACH) in a water solution was similarly tested. The same assessments were performed in 20 diabetic patients at rest.Results: Diabetic neuropathy appeared at rest as an increased (compensatory) SCM on the forearms without obvious modification on the hypohidrotic legs. On ACH sites after exercise, SCM revealed both a lowered number of active sweat glands and a lighter stratum corneum (SC) (dryness). In addition, CMAC and SSWL were decreased on ACH sites at rest and at completion of exercise.Conclusion: In diabetic neuropathy, the compensatory hyperhidrosis is more easily disclosed than the hypohidrosis. ACH affects both sweat excretion and the SC hydration.
Patterns of aluminum hydroxychloride deposition onto the skin
Authors: Mayeux Géraldine , Xhauflaire‐Uhoda Emmanuelle , Piérard Gérald E. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Aluminum hydroxychloride (AlCl3) is an antiperspirant.
Aim: To revisit the AlCl3 deposition in vivo and in vitro on glass slides and stratum corneum (SC) harvested by cyanoacrylate skin surface strippings (CSSS).
Methods: Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was assessed following application of 5% AlCl3 on the forearms. The AlCl3‐coated skin, glass slides and CSSS were observed using two ultraviolet light‐emitting CCD cameras in order to record changes in specular reflectance related to AlCl3 deposition. In addition, the corneoxenometry bioassay was performed in order to predict AlCl3 irritation.
Results: AlCl3 deposited on glass slides looked as linear threads and rings of similar sizes. AlCl3 deposits on skin were almost restricted inside the microrelief lines and as annular deposits at their crossings where acrosyringia are opening. After daily AlCl3 applications, deposits extended on the CSSS plateaus. At rest in absence of sweating, TEWL was decreased following AlCl3 applications. During physical exercise, the TEWL increase was limited on the AlCl3 areas. CSSS appeared unreactive to AlCl3 at the corneoxenometry bioassay.
Conclusion: The similar aspect of AlCl3 deposits on human SC and on glass slides suggested a physical property of AlCl3. Repetitive applications of AlCl3 increased both the deposit area and the barrier function.
Peer tutoring in reading in Scotland: thinking big
Authors: Topping Keith , Miller David , Thurston Allan , McGavock Karen , Conlin Nora 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA large‐scale randomised‐controlled trial of reading tutoring in 80 schools in Scotland used the Paired Reading (PR) technique. On long‐term evaluation, cross‐age PR was significantly better than regular teaching, but same‐age was not. On short‐term evaluation, PR pupils did significantly better than control pupils in both years, and cross‐age and same‐age were similarly effective. Low socio‐economic pupils, lower reading ability pupils, girls and reading with maths tutoring groups did significantly better. Implementation was good in parts, but some important aspects of technique were rare. Reading gains were significantly greater for those with mistakes about every 2 minutes and those who stopped reading to talk every 5 to 7 minutes. Significant gains in self‐esteem were seen in same‐age and cross‐age groups, and for tutees and tutors, but not for controls. The relationship of achievement gain to quality of technique and socio‐emotional gains is discussed, with implications for practice.
New media, evolving multimodal literacy practices and the potential impact of increased use of the visual mode in the urban environment on young children's learning
Authors: Yamada‐Rice Dylan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article looks at the way in which the changing visual environment affects education at two levels: in communication patterns and research methodologies. The research considers differences in the variance and quantity of types of visual media and their relationship to the written mode in the urban landscapes of Tokyo and London, using Google Street View to make comparisons. It reflects on the parallels this might have in the ways in which children encounter text in the environment. The data were analysed using Visual Content Analysis and colour coding. It found the Tokyo sample to have a higher density and diversity of visual media types at a wider range of heights. Visual and written communication also appear to be confined to more separately definable spaces with more equal weighting in the use of written and visual modes. Particularly, within the context of early childhood education it is hoped these findings will increase knowledge concerning young children's exposure to the visual mode, initiate wider discourse around this less researched mode's role within new multimodal communication practices and that the methodology furthers understanding of the potential of new media in image‐based research.
Epidemiology of Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Sarafidis Pantelis A. 
Published: March 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:523–528. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Resistant hypertension is an entity that has gained a lot of attention in recent years. The prevalence and prognosis of resistant hypertension have not yet been examined by proper population studies, but data from several sources suggest that this entity is not uncommon and is associated with an elevated risk of hypertensive complications. Moreover, several factors and conditions that can interfere with blood pressure control such as excess sodium intake, obesity, diabetes, older age, kidney disease, and certain identifiable causes of hypertension were shown to be common among patients with resistance to antihypertensive treatment. Importantly, the prevalence of several of these conditions has been increasing continuously during the past years, suggesting a future increase in the frequency of resistant hypertension. This article will discuss current knowledge and associated future implications relevant to the epidemiology of resistant hypertension.