bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A path model of perceived financial risk in casino blackjack
Authors: Dean Dwane H. 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe prevalence of problematic gambling among adolescents and college‐age youth is estimated to be two to four times that of older consumers. Prior studies suggest this may be due to an age‐related difference in risk perception. This paper aims to focus on the perception of financial risk in playing casino blackjack among college‐age youth.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sample of subjects age 24 or less and reporting at least some experience in playing and wagering on casino blackjack completed paper and pencil questionnaires. Data were fit to a path model using LISREL. The study focuses on the perception of financial risk within this at‐risk population, suggesting that perceived financial risk is influenced by four factors: estimated risk to an average “other” gambler, the subject's level of experience in playing casino blackjack, the subject's self‐reported level of skill at blackjack play, and the estimated “fun” in playing the game.FindingsThree significant total effects on perceived financial risk were found: estimated risk to an average other player (raising risk), estimated fun in playing the game (lowering risk), and self‐reported skill in playing the game (lowering risk). The effect of experience on risk perception was complex, separated into direct and indirect effects with opposing influences. The model explained 41 percent of variance in perceived risk. Subjects reported their own level of risk to be significantly lower than that for an average other blackjack player – an example of the phenomenon of optimistic bias.Research limitations/implicationsData were not collected within a field (casino) setting and the influence of the setting on perceived financial risk was not accounted for.Practical implicationsThe strongest influence on perceived personal risk was estimated risk to an average other gambler (raising risk). Communications attempting to deter youthful gambling might wish to portray an average young player and possible negative outcomes.Originality/valueThere does not appear to be an existing path model of risk in casino blackjack that includes the factors proposed in this study.
Examining the moderating influence of gender on the relationships between work‐family antecedents and work‐family enrichment
Authors: Baral Rupashree , Bhargava Shivganesh 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of family support, co‐worker support, supervisor support, work‐life balance policies (WLBPs), work‐family culture and job characteristics, as the predictors of work‐to‐family (WFE) and family‐to‐work (FWE) enrichment. In addition, it explored whether such effects were gender specific by examining the moderating effect of gender.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from a sample of 485 managers in India. Analysis was done using multiple regressions.FindingsAnalyses revealed that family support, co‐worker support, supervisor support, WLBPs, work‐family culture and job characteristics predicted WFE while family support and job characteristics predicted FWE. Little moderating influence of gender was found. Gender moderated the relationship between WLBPs and WFE such that the relationship between the two was stronger for women as compared to men. Similarly, gender moderated the link between job characteristics and WFE such that the relationship between the two was stronger for men than women.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross‐sectional design of the study constrains inferring conclusions regarding causality.Practical implicationsWLBPs have to be offered to women executives and organizations do have to make jobs more enriching in order to increase the level of WFE among women and men, respectively.Originality/valueThe construct work‐family enrichment examined in this paper reflects an understanding of work‐family interface from a newer lens in a novel socio‐cultural context and demonstrates the moderating role of gender.
Laser shock peening to improve the fatigue resistance of AA7050 components
Authors: Heckenberger Ulrike C. , Hombergsmeier Elke , Holzinger Vitus , von Bestenbostel Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

PurposeLaser shock peening (LSP) is a process capable of introducing compressive residual stresses into a metallic component. The residual compressive stress field can extend deeper below the treated surface than that produced by conventional shot peening (SP). The effect of such deep compressive stress profile is expected to result in a significantly greater benefit in fatigue resistance after LSP compared to SP. The purpose of this paper is to examine this further.Design/methodology/approachResidual stress profiles have been determined by X‐ray diffraction and incremental centre hole drilling. They have been correlated with the respective LSP process parameters and the obtained fatigue behavior.FindingsA significant improvement of the fatigue life was found for an R ratio of 0.1. SP leads to a fatigue improvement of about 15 percent. For the same specimen geometry, a fatigue life improvement of about 25‐35 percent, depending on the load level, can be obtained after LSP. However, not only for the positive R ratio, where it is quite obvious, but also for the negative R ratios, R=−1 and −3, an increase of the fatigue life is generated by SP and LSP.Originality/valueA shown LSP has a high potential for extending the service life of metallic components at the design stage, but it may also be possible to apply this technique to in‐service aircraft to extend the service goals of existing structures.
Laser shock processing with two different laser sources on 2050‐T8 aluminum alloy
Authors: Peyre Patrice , Hfaiedh Neila , Song Hongbin , Ji Vincent , Vignal Vincent , Seiler Wilfrid , Branly Stephane 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a comparative study of the surface modifications induced by two different lasers on a 2050‐T8 aluminum alloy, with a specific consideration of residual stress and work‐hardening levels.Design/methodology/approachTwo lasers have been used for Laser shock peening (LSP) treatment in water‐confined regime: a Continuum Powerlite Plus laser, operating at 0.532 mm with 9 ns laser pulses, and near 1.5mm spot diameters; a new generation Gaia‐R Thales laser delivering 10 J‐10 ns impacts, with 4‐6mm homogeneous laser spots at 1.06 mm. Surface deformation, work‐hardening levels and residual stresses were analyzed for both LSP conditions. Residual stresses were compared with numerical simulations using a 3D finite element (FE) model, starting with the validation of surface deformations induced by a single laser impact.FindingsSimilar surface deformations and work‐hardening levels, but relatively lower residual stresses were obtained with the new large 4‐6 mm impact configuration. This was attributed to a reduced number of local cyclic loadings (2) compared with the small impact configuration (4). Additionally, more anisotropic stresses were obtained with small impacts. FE simulations using Johnson‐Cook's material' behavior were shown to simulate accurately surface deformations, but to overestimate maximum stress levels.Research limitations/implicationsThis work should provide LSP workers a better understanding of the possible benefits from the different LSP configurations currently co‐existing: using small (<2 mm) impacts at high‐cadency rates or large ones (>4‐5 mm). Moreover, experimental results and simulated data had never been presented on 2050‐T8 Al alloy.Originality/valueAn experimental (and numerical) comparison using two distinct laser sources for LSP, has never been presented before. This preliminary work should help LSP workers to choose adequate sources.
Editorial Sport steps up to take the inside track
Authors: Chadwick Simon 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to set the context for the first edition of this new sport business management journal, by identifying some key developments in the sport industry and establishing the parameters for papers that may be subsequently submitted to the journal.Design/methodology/approachThe inaugural editorial is based upon the Editor's previous academic experience and his work with practitioners in the field of sport business management. As such, the commentary presented reflects a perceived need for high‐quality research within the field of sport business management.FindingsOn the basis of extensive experience working with leading business scholars, as well as senior managers from across sport, it is the Editor's view that the business of sport is a dynamic, increasingly complex industry that is generating a multitude of research opportunities but which at the same time requires sophisticated insights to be developed.Research limitations/implicationsThe editorial introduction defines the scope of the journal, setting the parameters for prospective authors seeking to submit papers to the publication.Practical implicationsImplicit within the editorial introduction is the notion that, while academically rigorous research is central to the development of sport business management, the practical application of this research is essential.Social implicationsFundamental to both the editorial introduction and the journal's scope is a firm belief that sport and the business of sport require good management principles to be developed and applied, thereby influencing policy and practice.Originality/valueThe paper invites prospective authors and readers to view sport in what will be, for some people, a new way. That is, seeing sport in managerial, commercial and industrial terms.
What can business leaders learn from sport?
Authors: Burnes Bernard , O'Donnell Helen 
Published: March 2011

PurposeThere is a growing belief that business leaders can learn valuable lessons from successful sports coaches and athletes. This article seeks to examine the extent to which methods for achieving sporting success are applicable to business.Design/methodology/approachThe research utilised a qualitative, interview‐based approach to data gathering. The data sample consisted of eight leading coaches. The interviews were analysed using template methodology.FindingsThe research found that there are areas in which business leaders can learn lessons from sport, especially in terms of change and staff development.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on interviews with a small sample of coaches. In order to develop the research further, a more extensive sample is required.Practical implicationsBusiness leaders should only focus on those aspects of sporting excellence which are applicable to the business world. However, they should also recognise that these are applicable to all levels of leadership in an organisation and not just senior managers.Originality/valueThe research challenges some of the hype around the relationship between sporting excellence and business excellence, but it does show lessons can be learned in important areas of staff development, the most prominent being the ability to welcome and bring about change.
Rate of in vitro Incorporation of Precursors into Hepatic Lipids and Proteins in Patients with Extrahepatic Cholestasis
Authors: Stakeberg H. , Lundborg H. , Scherstén Tore 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Extrahepatic cholestasis in man is known to be associated with high phosphoglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in serum. Moreover, an abnormal lipoprotein, often referred to as lipoprotein‐X (LP‐X), appears in serum in cases of extrahepatic cholestasis.The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of incorporation of precursors into hepatic lipids and proteins in vitro and to compare these changes with the lipoproteins in plasma in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. The rate of incorporation of glycerol into triglycerides and into different classes of phosphoglycerides was determined. The rate of incorporation of leucine into proteins was also determined in liver slices from 15 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis and compared with controls. In cholestatic liver tissue, the rate of incorporation of glycerol into choline phosphoglycerides and into ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was significantly increased. The rate of incorporation of leucine into hepatic proteins was also increased significantly in these patients. The results suggest that the changed metabolism of phospholipids and protein in liver tissue in cholestatic conditions may contribute to the changes in the serum lipoprotein pattern.
Double Isotope Measurement of Peritoneal Clearance of Iodide and Albumin Loss during Peritoneal Dialysis in Man (Labelled albumin loss in peritoneal dialysis)
Authors: Mariani G. , Bianchi R. , Pilo A. , Palla R. , Toni M.G. , Cazzuola F. 
Published: March 2011

Summary. 131I‐labelled Human Serum Albumin and 125I‐sodium iodide were used to measure protein loss from the peritoneum and peritoneal clearance of iodide in a group of 8 uraemic patients, each one being studied after a different number of dialyses.Both albumin loss and iodide clearance reached a maximum at about the 10th dialytic treatment and then tended towards the initial levels.Protein loss as determined isotopically was markedly lower than indicated by direct radioimmunoassay measurements performed in three cases. Fitting experimental points by a model which assumes direct passage of protein from plasma to peritoneal cavity suggests the presence of a “delay” pool between plasma and the peritoneal cavity itself (extravascular sites adjacent to peritoneum?).The shorter retention time of the dialysis solution in the abdomen (4–8 minutes) seemed to us to cause lower protein losses than reported by authors using longer retention times.
Deoxyribonucleoside Triphosphates in Human Cells: Changes in Disease and Following Exposure to Drugs
Authors: Tattersall M.H.N. , Lavoie A. , Ganeshaguru K. , Tripp E. , Hoffbrand A.V. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis requires adequate cellular concentrations of the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Using a sensitive enzymic assay, we have measured the concentrations (pools) of these compounds in human bone marrow cells and in lymphocytes. The mean concentrations (pmol/106 cells) in normal human bone marrow cells were: deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) 1.5; deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) 0.4; thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) 1.4 and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) 0.6; and in normal phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated lymphocytes (72 h cultures); dATP 3.7; dGTP 1.9; dTTP 9.4 and dCTP 2.9. The deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations were increased approximately threefold in the nucleated marrow cells from patients with leukaemia and myeloproliferative diseases. PHA‐stimulation of lymphocytes caused a marked increase of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations, particularly of dTTP, between 24 and 48 h of culture. In PHA‐stimulated lymphocytes, the antifolate drugs methotrexate, pyrimethamine and trimethoprim, all produced a fall in dTTP and a rise in dATP concentrations within 1 h. These effects could be reversed by folinic acid. 5‐Fluorouracil caused a fall in dTTP and in dCTP but no consistent changes in dATP; hydroxyurea caused a fall in dATP with a rise in dTTP. BCNU caused a significant fall in dATP and dCTP. Dibutyryl cyclic 3′, 5′ adenosine monophosphate and theophylline had no consistent effect on the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate concentrations. 6‐Mercaptopurine caused a fall in dATP and dGTP, the fall in dATP being marked after 4 h incubation.It is concluded that measurement of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in human cells provides a new method of studying DNA synthesis in human disease states and of analysing the action of antimetabolite drugs on normal and diseased cells.
Defective Thyroglobulin Endocytosis and Hydrolysis in Thyroid Cold Nodules1
Authors: van den Hove‐Vandenbroucke M.F. , Couvreur‐Eppe M. , De Visscher M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe catabolic phase of thyroid secretion has been studied by incubating thyroid slices with 0.1 % 125 ***I thyroglobulin (Tg) in the following cases: ***11 follicular adenomas (FA), 8 hyerplastic nodules in multinodular glands (NM), 3 carcinomas (follicular or papillary, FC, PC) and normal (N) or micronodular tissue (M). Tg pinocytosis is severely impaired in all cold nodules (25 to 60 % reduction). In the follicular tumours (FA, FC), Tg hydrolysis is more affected than would be expected based only on reduced Tg endocytosis: the hydrolysis products remain in the phagolysosomes instead of being secreted. As far as the acid hydrolases are concerned these enzymatic activities are increased in nearly all nodules, in Particular in follicular adenomas and carcinomas.
The Glucose‐Induced Gastrointestinal Stimulation of Insulin Secretion in Man: Relation to Age and to Gastrin Release
Authors: Rehfeld J.F. , Stadil F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn oral 50 g glucose tolerance test and a simple intravenous glucose infusion test were performed in 20 young (20–32 years), 20 middle‐aged (42–55 years), and 20 old (65–81 years) normal subjects. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum gastrin concentrations were measured during all tests, the intravenous glucose infusion duplicated the oral blood glucose curve in young, middle‐aged, and half of the old subjects. In the remaining old subjects the intravenous blood glucose curve was below the oral blood glucose curve. Glucose and insulin concentrations were of similar magnitude in all groups, but maximum concentrations were reached later in the old subjects. Glucose per os induced a rapid rise in serum gastrin concentrations of the order of 10 pmol/l and a subsequent decrease of about 20 pmol/l*** in all groups. The intravenous glucose infusion induced no significant changes in serum gastrin concentrations. The non‐glycaemic (i.e. enteral) stimulation of insulin secretion was expressed as the difference between the integrated incremental areas of the oral and intravenous insulin curves in subjects with identical glucose curves during the two tests. This stimulation was of similar magnitude in all age groups, and it was not correlated to variations in gastrin concentrations. However, in the young subjects the enteral stimulation was greater during the first 30 minutes and smaller during the two last hours when compared to the old subjects.The results suggest that: 1. A simple intravenous glucose infusion test can be used to copy the oral blood glucose curve. 2. The size of the enteral stimulation of insulin secretion during the whole test is independent of age. 3. The action of the glucose‐induced enteral stimulation is delayed with age, and closely linked to the dynamics of the glycaemic stimulus. 4. The glucose‐induced gastrin release is probably too small to affect insulin secretion significantly.
Is Phlorizin or Its Aglycon the Inhibitor of Intestinal Glucose Transport?
Authors: Blum A.L. , Haemmerli U.P. , Lorenz‐Meyer H. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractInhibition of glucose transport by phlorizin was examined in man by perfusion of an isolated small bowel segment. Inhibition was similar in normal and lactase deficient subjects. Since the small bowel of lactase deficient subjects contains only very small amounts of phlorizin hydrolase, phlorizin and not a product of enzymatic cleavage is the inhibitor of the small intestinal glucose carrier.
Immune Complex Deposits in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Kidney without Histological or Functional Alterations†
Authors: Cruchaud A. , Chenais F. , Fournié G.J. , Humair L. , Lambert P.H. , Mulli J.C. , Chatelanat F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study demonstrates that in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the presence of immune complexes on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) does not invariably result in histological and/or functional lesions of the kidney. Among a group of 29 lupus patients, six subjects were selected for thorough investigation, because their renal function was normal or only slightly altered though they had suffered from SLE for 20 months to 18 years. All patients had antinuclear factor, anti‐native‐DNA antibody and a low level of complement; 3 had anti‐denatured‐DNA antibody, 2 had denatured DNA‐anti‐denatured‐DNA circulating complexes and 3 had anti‐RNA‐protein antibody. Kidney biopsies disclosed either no histological lesion or minimal changes in five of them and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in one. By contrast, using the immunofluorescent technique, granular deposits containing the third component of complement (C3) were found on the GBM of all patients; IgG was present in 5 cases, IgM in 3, fibrinogen in 2 and IgA in one. Granular deposits were also found in the mesangium of all cases, in the vessel wall of two cases and around the tubules of one. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of subendothelial and mesangial deposits. Our results also showed a good correlation between the importance of deposits and the presence of denatured DNA‐anti‐denatured‐DNA circulating complexes. From the data obtained in these 6 cases as well as in the 23 other patients of the group, 3 categories of lupus patients could be distinguished with regard to kidney involvement: 1) patients with insignificant histological lesions, no immune deposits and essentially normal function; 2) patients with definite histological lesions, immune deposits and renal insufficiency and 3) patients with few if any histological lesions and little functional impairment contrasting with important immune deposits. The resistance of some patients to the nephrotoxic effects of immune deposits shows that lupus nephritis depends on intricate pathogenic mechanisms and suggests that these are possibly antagonized by “protective” factors.
Transport ATPases of Cardiac Sarcolemma in 20,25‐Diazacholesterol Induced Myopathy
Authors: Fiehn W. , Seller D. , Kuhn E. , Bartels D. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract. 20,25‐Diazacholesterol, known to induce myotonia in skeletal muscle, also affects cardiac muscle as can be concluded from the development of cardiomegaly. At the same time (Na+, K+) ATPase of cardiac sarcolemmal membranes of the 20,25‐diazacholesterol treated rats showed an increased activity as compared with control animals (91% and 46% stimulation respectively). The Ca++ stimulated ATPase showed the same tendency (96% and 64% stimulation).In the plasma of the treated rats creatine phosphokinase activity was found to be elevated whereas the amount of protein‐bound iodine was decreased, a finding that is common in myotonic dystrophy.
IgG subclass distribution and relative functional affinity of thyroid microsomal antibodies in postpartum thyroiditis
Authors: WEETMAN A. P. , FUNG H. Y. M. , RICHARDS C. J. , McGREGOR A. M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn association between the development of postpartum hypothyroidism and high levels of IgG1 subclass microsomal (M) antibodies has been reported. Using an assay designed to detect reasonable levels of all the four IgG subclasses, we found no differences in the proportion of each IgG subclass in M antibodies of patients with postpartum hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism compared with control postpartum patients with M antibodies but no thyroid dysfunction. However the total amount of M antibody of each IgG subclass was elevated above the controls in the patients with thyroid dysfunction. The relative functional affinity of M antibodies did not differ between controls and patients with hypothyroidism but declined 5 and 10–12 months after delivery compared to values at 2 months. These results do not support the suggestion that the amount of IgG1 subclass M antibodies particularly determines the course of postpartum thyroiditis. Rather, the total M antibody level, in all four subclasses, is associated with clinical outcome. Resolution of the disease, despite persisting M antibodies, may occur in part because the relative functional affinity of these antibodies declines after delivery.