bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Astrakhan Arch of the Pricaspian basin: Geothermal analysis and modelling
Authors: Ismail‐Zadeh A. , Wilhelm H. , Volozh Y. , Tinakin O. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe Astrakhan Arch (ASAR) region contains one of the largest sub‐salt carbonate structures of the Pricaspian salt basin (located to the northwest of the Caspian Sea), where prospects for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in the Devonian to Carboniferous deposits are considered to be high. We evaluate the regional vertical temperature gradient within stratigraphic units based on the analysis of 34 boreholes drilled in the region. To show that the thermal gradient is altered in the vicinity of salt diapirs, we study measured temperatures in six deep boreholes. We develop a three‐dimensional geothermal model of the ASAR region constrained by temperature measurements, seismic stratigraphic and lithological data. The temperatures of the sub‐salt sediments predicted by the geothermal model range from about 100 °C to 200 °C and are consistent with the temperatures obtained from the analysis of vitrinite reflectivity and from previous two‐dimensional geothermal models. Temperature anomalies are positive in the uppermost portions of salt diapirs as well as within the salt‐withdrawal basins at the depth of 3.5 km depth and are negative beneath the diapirs. Two areas of positive temperature anomalies in the sub‐salt sediments are likely to be associated with the deep withdrawal basins above and with the general uplift of salt/sub‐salt interface in the southern part of the study region. This implies an enhancement of thermal maturity of any organically rich source rocks within these areas. The surface heat flux in the model varies laterally from about 40 to 55 mW m−2. These variations in the heat flux are likely to be associated with structural heterogeneities of the sedimentary rocks and with the presence of salt diapirs. The results of our modelling support the hypothesis of oil and gas condensate generation in the Upper Carboniferous to Middle Devonian sediments of the ASAR region.
A comparison of prognostic classification systems for differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Mäder Uwe , Kruitwagen Cas L. J. J. , Luster Markus , Reiners Christoph 
Published: October 2009

SummaryObjective  To identify and compare prognostic classification systems based on basic tumour characteristics that were developed and/or validated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Design  Retrospective chart study.Methods  Literature was studied using PubMed. Fifteen different prognostic classification systems were identified, of which seven were developed or validated for DTC patients and were based on basic tumour characteristics. These systems were applied to 1225 DTC patients who were treated in our hospital between 1978 and 2002.Results  Log‐rank analysis of Kaplan–Meier cancer‐specific survival curves showed that the curve of the Tumor, Lymph‐Node, Metastasis (TNM) system had the greatest discriminatory power (log‐rank test, log P = −84·9). Cox‐regression analysis showed that the TNM system was the most powerful determinant of cancer‐specific survival curves. Proportion of variance explained (PVE) analysis showed that the TNM system had the highest PVE.Conclusion  Of the prognostic classification systems analysed in this study, the TNM system performs best in all the three analyses, and is therefore the most suitable for predicting outcome in DTC‐patients.
Leuprolide acetate gonadotrophin response patterns during female puberty
Authors: Martinez‐Aguayo A. , Hernández M. I. , Capurro T. , Peña V. , Avila A. , Salazar T. , Asenjo S. , Iñiguez G. , Mericq V. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryObjective  To assess normative data and the usefulness of spontaneous and LHRH analogue‐stimulated serum LH and FSH levels measured by immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) in the evaluation of normal puberty.Design  Prospective. Healthy girls in Tanner I and Tanner II from the local community were invited to participate (n = 47).Methods  A leuprolide acetate test (500 mcg/m2; sc) was performed. LH and FSH levels were determined using IRMA. Tanner II girls were assessed every 6 months until Tanner V. Girls who progressed from Tanner II to Tanner III in the next 6 months were called Tanner II‐2; otherwise, they were called Tanner II‐1.Results  The prepubertal upper limit (CI 95%) was 0·49 IU/l for basal LH and 5·1 IU/l for stimulated LH. Taking into account these LH cut‐off limits, 72·2% and 66·7% of Tanner II‐1 and 41·6% and 41·7% of Tanner II‐2 subjects presented overlapping values for basal and stimulated LH, respectively, as compared with the Tanner I group. The cut‐offs for basal and stimulated LH to predict progression from Tanner II to Tanner III in the next 6 months were a basal LH level ≥0·49 IU/l (Sensitivity = 0·58; 1‐Specificity = 0·33) and a poststimulated LH level ≥4·75 IU/l (Sensitivity = 0·67; 1‐Specificity = 0·44).Conclusion  According to an IRMA, the basal and leuprolide acetate gonadotrophin response patterns during the beginning stages of puberty overlapped between Tanner I and Tanner II, and the cut‐offs of basal and stimulated LH levels to predict progress from Tanner II to Tanner III had low sensitivities for the following 6 months.
Subantarctic flowering plants: pre‐glacial survivors or post‐glacial immigrants?
Authors: Van der Putten Nathalie , Verbruggen Cyriel , Ochyra Ryszard , Verleyen Elie , Frenot Yves 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim  The aim here was to assess whether the present‐day assemblage of subantarctic flowering plants is the result of a rapid post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) colonization or whether subantarctic flowering plants survived on the islands in glacial refugia throughout the LGM.Location  The circumpolar subantarctic region, comprising six remote islands and island groups between latitudes 46° and 55° S, including South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean, the Prince Edward Islands, Îles Crozet, Îles Kerguelen, the Heard Island group in the South Indian Ocean and Macquarie Island in the South Pacific Ocean.Methods  Floristic affinities between the subantarctic islands were assessed by cluster analysis applied to an up‐to‐date dataset of the phanerogamic flora in order to test for the existence of provincialism within the subantarctic. A review of the primary literature on the palaeobotany, geology and glacial history of the subantarctic islands was carried out and supplemented with additional palaeobotanical data and new field observations from South Georgia, Île de la Possession (Îles Crozet) and Îles Kerguelen.Results  First, a strong regionalism was observed, with different floras characterizing the islands in each of the ocean basins, and endemic species being present in the South Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean provinces. Second, the majority of the plant species were present at the onset of accumulation of post‐glacial organic sediment and there is no evidence for the natural arrival of new immigrants during the subsequent period. Third, a review of geomorphological data suggested that the ice cover was incomplete during the LGM on the majority of the islands, and ice‐free biological refugia were probably present even on the most glaciated islands.Main conclusions  Several independent lines of evidence favour the survival of a native subantarctic phanerogamic flora in local refugia during the LGM rather than a post‐LGM colonization from more distant temperate landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere.
Multiple losses of self‐incompatibility in North‐American Arabidopsis lyrata?: Phylogeographic context and population genetic consequences
Authors: HOEBE P. N. , STIFT M. , TEDDER A. , MABLE B. K. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract Arabidopsis lyrata is mostly outcrossing due to a sporophytic self‐incompatibility (SI) system but around the Great Lakes of North America some populations have experienced a loss of SI. We researched the loss of SI in a phylogeographic context. We used cpDNA and microsatellite markers to test if populations of North‐American A. lyrata around the Great Lakes have experienced different (recent) histories, and linked this with individually established selfing phenotype and population level realized outcrossing rates calculated based on variation in progeny arrays at multi‐locus microsatellite markers. We found three chloroplast haplotypes, in two of which the loss of self‐incompatibility had occurred independently. Shifts to high rates of inbreeding were most apparent in one of these lineages but individuals showing loss of SI occurred in all three. Self‐compatible individuals usually showed a reduction of observed heterozygosity (HO) compared to outcrossing individuals. In the lineage that included the populations with the highest levels of inbreeding, this reduction was more substantial. This may indicate that the loss of SI in this lineage did not occur as recently as in the other lineage. The geographic distribution of the haplotypes suggested that there had been at least two independent colonization routes to the north of the Great Lakes following the last glaciation. This is consistent with postglacial migration patterns that have been suggested for other organisms with limited dispersal, such as reptiles and amphibians.
Parents’ genetic dissimilarity and offspring sex in a polygynous mammal
Authors: CARRANZA J. , PÉREZ‐GONZÁLEZ J. , MATEOS C. , FERNÁNDEZ‐GARCÍA J. L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOffspring quality may benefit from genetic dissimilarity between parents. However, genetic dissimilarity may trade‐off with additive genetic benefits. We hypothesized that when sexual selection produces sex‐specific selective scenarios, the relative benefits of additive genetic vs. dissimilarity may differ for sons and daughters. Here we study a sample of 666 red deer (Cervus elaphus) microsatellite genotypes, including males, females and their foetuses, from 20 wild populations in Spain (the main analyses are based on 241 different foetuses and 190 mother‐foetus pairs). We found that parental lineages were more dissimilar in daughters than in sons. On average, every mother was less related to her mate than to the sample of fathers in the population when producing daughters not sons. Male foetuses conceived early in the rutting season were much more inbred than any other foetuses. These differences maintained through gestation length, ruling out intrauterine mortality as a cause for the results, and indicating that the potential mechanism producing the association between parents’ dissimilarity and offspring sex should operate close to mating or conception time. Our findings highlight the relevance of considering the sex of offspring when studying genetic similarity between parents.
Contrasting signals from multiple markers illuminate population connectivity in a marine fish
Authors: SALA‐BOZANO MARIA , KETMAIER VALERIO , MARIANI STEFANO 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRecent advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have helped to unveil striking and previously unrecognized patterns of geographic genetic structure in marine populations. Largely driven by the pressing needs of fisheries management and conservation, studies on marine fish populations have played a pivotal role in testing the efficiency of a range of approaches to explore connectivity and dispersal at sea. Here, we employed nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers and parasitic infestations to examine the nature and patterns of population structure in a warm‐temperate coastal marine teleost across major putative biogeographic barriers in the Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean. We detected deep genetic divergence between mitochondrial lineages, likely caused by dramatic climatic and geological transformations before and during the Pleistocene. Such long‐diverged lineages later came into secondary contact and can now be found in sympatry. More importantly, microsatellite data revealed that these lineages, after millions of years of independent evolution, now interbreed extensively. By combining genetic and parasite data, we were able to identify at least five independent demographic units. While the different genetic and parasite‐based methods produce notably contrasting signals and may complicate the reconstruction of connectivity dynamics, we show that by tailoring the correct interpretation to each of the descriptors used, it is possible to achieve a deeper understanding of the micro‐evolutionary process and, consequently, resolve population structure.
Timing of diagenesis and very low‐grade metamorphism in the eastern sector of the Sierra de Cameros (Iberian Range, Spain): a U–Pb SHRIMP study on monazite
Authors: Del Río P. , Barbero L. , Mata P. , Fanning C. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Sierra de Cameros is an intracontinental orogen and represents the north‐western part of the Iberian Range in Northern Spain. It comprises a thick sequence of syn‐rift continental sediments (mainly sandstones and carbonates) deposited during lower Cretaceous times. A unique characteristic of the Sierra de Cameros in relation to the rest of the Iberian Range is the presence of low‐grade metamorphism in certain parts of the basin, an event that predates basin inversion. This paper describes the presence, textural relationships and geochemical aspects of authigenic and/or metamorphic monazite within different lithologies from the deepest parts of the basin. Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb dating of monazite records the presence of two age populations: the first with 206Pb/238U ages ranging from 122 to 116 Ma which is considered as diagenetic in origin, whilst the second is dated at 99 ± 2 Ma and postdates the metamorphic climax.
Genetic evidence for a role of IL33 in nasal polyposis
Authors: Buysschaert I. D. , Grulois V. , Eloy P. , Jorissen M. , Rombaux P. , Bertrand B. , Collet S. , Bobic S. , Vlaminck S. , Hellings P. W. , Lambrechts D. 
Published: October 2009

To cite this article: Buysschaert ID, Grulois V, Eloy P, Jorissen M, Rombaux P, Bertrand B, Collet S, Bobic S, Vlaminck S, Hellings PW, Lambrechts D. Genetic evidence for a role of IL33 in nasal polyposis. Allergy 2010; 65: 616–622.AbstractBackground:  Little is known about the genetic factors that contribute to nasal polyposis (NP). A genome‐wide association study identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with eosinophilia. As eosinophils play a key role in the pathogenesis of NP, we assessed if any of these SNPs contribute to genetic susceptibility of NP.Methods:  We recruited 284 patients with NP in four participating hospitals in Belgium and 427 healthy controls, and genotyped 10 SNPs affecting eosinophilia (rs1420101 in IL1RL1, rs12619285 in IKZF2, rs4431128 in GATA2, rs4143832 in IL5, rs3184504 in SH2B3, rs2416257 in WDR36, rs2269426 in MHC, rs9494145 in MYB, rs748065 in GFRA2, and rs3939286 in IL33) using MALDI‐TOF. A two‐stage design was used while correcting for multiple testing.Results:  First stage analysis, involving 150 NP patients and 250 controls, identified rs3939286 nearby IL33 as a susceptibility factor for NP. Per at‐risk A‐allele, rs3939286 increased the risk for NP with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.60 (95% CI = 1.16–2.22; P = 0.0041). Second stage replication analysis in another 123 NP patients and 165 controls confirmed this association (OR = 1.43; CI = 1.00–2.06; P = 0.046). The combined analysis of both stages revealed an OR of 1.53 (CI = 1.21–1.96; P = 0.00041). Given the association of IL33 with NP, we also investigated rs1420101 in IL1RL1, which is the receptor for IL33. Although rs1420101 itself failed to associate with NP, a combined risk assessment of rs3939286 and rs1420101 further increased the risk for NP.Conclusion:  We provide unprecedented genetic evidence suggesting a role for the IL33 pathway in the pathogenesis of NP.
Neuroprotective effects of a combination of dexmedetomidine and hypothermia after incomplete cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: SATO K. , KIMURA T. , NISHIKAWA T. , TOBE Y. , MASAKI Y. 
Published: October 2009

Background: Dexmedetomidine and hypothermia are known to reduce neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia. We examined whether a combination of dexmedetomidine and hypothermia reduces brain injury after transient forebrain ischemia in rats to a greater extent than either treatment alone.Methods: Thirty‐eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized with fentanyl and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Four groups were tested: group C (saline 1 ml/kg, temporal muscle temperature 37.5 °C); group H (saline 1 ml/kg, 35.0 °C); group D (dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg, 37.5 °C); and group DH (dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg, 35.0 °C). Dexmedetomidine or saline was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was produced by right carotid artery ligation with hemorrhagic hypotension (mean arterial pressure 40 mmHg) for 20 min. Neurologic outcome was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h after ischemia. Histopathology was evaluated in the caudate and hippocampus at 72 h after ischemia.Results: Neurologic outcome was significantly better in the group DH than the group C (P<0.05), whereas it was similar between the group DH and the groups D or H. Survival rate of the hippocampal CA1 neurons was significantly greater in groups D, H, and DH than group C (P<0.05). Histopathologic injury in the caudate section was significantly less in groups H and DH than group C (P<0.05).Conclusion: The combination of dexmedetomidine and hypothermia improved short‐term neurologic outcome compared with the control group, whereas the combination therapy provided comparable neuroprotection with either of the two therapies alone.
Postoperative impact of regular tobacco use, smoking or snuffing, a prospective multi‐center study
Authors: BRATTWALL M. , WARRÉN STOMBERG M. , RAWAL N. , SEGERDAHL M. , HOULTZ E. , JAKOBSSON J. 
Published: October 2009

Background: The aim was to study the effects of different tobacco administration routes on pain and post‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), following three common day surgical procedures: cosmetic breast augmentation (CBA), inguinal hernia repair (IHR) and arthroscopic procedures (AS). We have prospectively investigated the effects of regular tobacco use in ambulatory surgery.Methods: The 355 allocated patients were followed during recovery and the first day at home.Results: Thirty‐two percent of the patients used tobacco regularly, 33% of CBA, 27% of IHR and 34% of AS. Pain was well controlled in the post‐anesthesia care unit at rest; during ambulation, 37% of all patients reported VAS>3. Tobacco use had no impact on early post‐operative pain. Post‐operative nausea was experienced by 30% of patients during recovery while in hospital. On day 1, 14% experienced nausea. We found a significant reduction of PONV among tobacco users (smoking and/or snuffing). Smoking or snuffing reduced the risk of PONV by nearly 50% in both genders on the day of surgery and at the first day at home. The reduction of PONV was equal, regardless of tobacco administration routes.Conclusion: We found that regular use of tobacco, both by smoking and snuffing, had a significant effect on PONV during the early post‐operative period. Non‐tobacco users undergoing breast surgery were found to have the highest risk for PONV. We could not see any influence of nicotine use on post‐operative pain. Thus, it seems of value to identify regular tobacco use, not only smoking, as a part of the pre‐operative risk assessment.
Tissue Distribution of P‐Glycoprotein in Cats
Authors: Van Der Heyden S. , Chiers K. , Ducatelle R. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryPermeability glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a membrane‐bound efflux pump that exports various substances out of the cell. Variations in P‐gp expression play an important role in susceptibility to toxic substances, drug efficacy and disease risk. In the present study, the distribution of the MDR1‐gene product P‐gp was determined in normal tissues of domestic shorthair cats using immunohistochemistry. Two monoclonal antibodies C494 and C219 were used, recognizing a different epitope on the human P‐gp molecule. A consistent positive immunolabelling was obtained. The tissue distribution and cellular locations with antibody C494 were similar to those in man and dogs; with liver, colon, adrenal cortex and brain capillaries being consistently and intensely labelled. However, the immunolabelling in the kidney was in contradiction to man and dogs. The C219 antibody seems to react with a specific form of P‐gp, only expressed in feline tissues with a barrier function, i.e. endothelia of the brain, testes and ovaries, and intestinal epithelial cells in contact with the lumen.
What research questions matter to Australian paediatricians? National Delphi Study
Authors: Rudolph Suba , Hiscock Harriet , Price Anna , Efron Daryl , Sewell Jill , South Mike , Wake Melissa 
Published: October 2009

Aim:  The newly formed Australian Paediatric Research Network (APRN) aims to facilitate general paediatricians' participation in research in secondary care settings. This (its first) project aimed to identify Australian paediatricians' top research priorities and preferred research designs.Methods:  All Australian general paediatricians were invited into a national Delphi process survey. In Stage 1, they were asked ‘Thinking about your clinical practice, what are the most important research questions which need addressing?’. Using qualitative methods, a ‘top 20’ list of the most common, feasible research questions was generated. In Stage 2, respondents prioritised these ‘top 20’ research questions in terms of perceived importance to their practice, and rated their interest in participating in various types of research.Results:  A total of 685 (68%) of 1006 paediatricians completed the baseline survey, with 209 paediatricians contributing 430 Stage 1 research questions. Of these, 128 (30%) had not been addressed in the literature and were researchable in the secondary care outpatient setting. The top five questions ranked in Stage 2 by 348 paediatricians were obesity management (two questions), long‐term ADHD educational outcomes, autism spectrum outcomes, and prophylactic antibiotics in preventing urinary tract infections. Paediatricians were willing to participate in research designs, including longitudinal research (75%) and randomised trials (64%).Conclusions:  Australian paediatricians are interested in research, and their ideas can provide direction for APRN and potentially other networks in Australia. Many of the questions generated could not be easily answered by traditional biomedical and clinical research methods, highlighting the potential benefit of practice‐based research networks.