bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble flagellin, FliC, induces an Ag‐specific Th2 response, yet promotes T‐bet‐regulated Th1 clearance of Salmonella typhimurium infection
Authors: Bobat Saeeda , Flores‐Langarica Adriana , Hitchcock Jessica , Marshall Jennifer L. , Kingsley Robert A. , Goodall Margaret , Gil‐Cruz Cristina , Serre Karine , Leyton Denisse L. , Letran Shirdi E. , Gaspal Fabrina , Chester Rebecca , Chamberlain Jayne L. , Dougan Gordon , López‐Macías Constantino , Henderson Ian R. , Alexander James , MacLennan Ian C. M. , Cunningham Adam F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractClearance of disseminated Salmonella infection requires bacterial‐specific Th1 cells and IFN‐γ production, and Th1‐promoting vaccines are likely to help control these infections. Consequently, vaccine design has focused on developing Th1‐polarizing adjuvants or Ag that naturally induce Th1 responses. In this study, we show that, in mice, immunization with soluble, recombinant FliC protein flagellin (sFliC) induces Th2 responses as evidenced by Ag‐specific GATA‐3, IL‐4 mRNA, and protein induction in CD62Llo CD4+ T cells without associated IFN‐γ production. Despite these Th2 features, sFliC immunization can enhance the development of protective Th1 immunity during subsequent Salmonella infection in an Ab‐independent, T‐cell‐dependent manner. Salmonella infection in sFliC‐immunized mice resulted in augmented Th1 responses, with greater bacterial clearance and increased numbers of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells, despite the early induction of Th2 features to sFliC. The augmented Th1 immunity after sFliC immunization was regulated by T‐bet although T‐bet is dispensable for primary responses to sFliC. These findings show that there can be flexibility in T‐cell responses to some subunit vaccines. These vaccines may induce Th2‐type immunity during primary immunization yet promote Th1‐dependent responses during later infection. This suggests that designing Th1‐inducing subunit vaccines may not always be necessary since this can occur naturally during subsequent infection.
A dose‐dependent role for EBF1 in repressing non‐B‐cell‐specific genes
Authors: Lukin Kara , Fields Scott , Guerrettaz Lisa , Straign Desiree , Rodriguez Valerie , Zandi Sasan , Månsson Robert , Cambier John C. , Sigvardsson Mikael , Hagman James 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the absence of early B‐cell factor 1 (EBF1), B‐cell development is arrested at an uncommitted progenitor stage that exhibits increased lineage potentials. Previously, we investigated the roles of EBF1 and its DNA‐binding partner Runx1 by evaluating B lymphopoiesis in single (EBF1het and Runx1het) and compound haploinsufficent (Ebf1+/−Runx1+/−, ERhet) mice. Here, we demonstrate that decreased Ebf1 gene dosage results in the inappropriate expression of NK‐cell lineage‐specific genes in B‐cell progenitors. Moreover, prolonged expression of Ly6a/Sca‐1 suggested the maintenance of a relatively undifferentiated phenotype. These effects were exacerbated by reduced expression of Runx1 and occurred despite expression of Pax5. Repression of inappropriately expressed genes was restored in most pre‐B and all immature B cells of ERhet mice. Enforced EBF1 expression repressed promiscuous transcription in pro‐B cells of ERhet mice and in Ebf1−/−Pax5−/− fetal liver cells. Together, our studies suggest that normal levels of EBF1 are critical for maintaining B‐cell identity by directing repression of non‐B‐cell‐specific genes.
Amine‐Templated Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymer Exhibiting Novel Magnetic Properties: Effect of Dehydration
Authors: Nagaraja C. M. , Kumar Nitesh , Maji Tapas Kumar , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn amine‐templated 2D coordination polymer of CoII with the formula {[EDAH2][Co2F2(SO4)2(H2O)2]}n (1) (EDA = ethylenediamine), has been synthesised and structurally characterised. It consists of a 1D chain bridged by F– ions, which are interconnected by SO42– tetrahedra forming a 2D [Co2F2(SO4)2(H2O)2]n2– corrugated sheet. The diprotonated cation [EDAH2] is intercalated between the sheets. Temperature‐dependent magnetic measurements reveal the presence of spin‐canted antiferromagnetism and hard‐magnet‐like behaviour with large a magnetic hysteresis with a coercive field (Hc) of 16.2 kOe and a remnant magnetisation (MR) of 1.64 μB. The coordinated water molecules in 1 can be removed by heating at 250 °C under vacuum to obtain the dehydrated phase {[EDAH2][Co2F2(SO4)2]}n (1′), which – upon exposure to water vapour for 24 h – gave the monoaqua compound, {[EDAH2][Co2F2(SO4)2(H2O)]}n (1″). This dehydration/rehydration process is accompanied by a structural transformation and a magnetic phase transition between the spin‐canted antiferromagnetic state of the hydrated phase to the antiferromagnetic state of the dehydrated phase.
Chemoselective Reduction of Isatin‐Derived Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Using Alkylphosphanes as Reduction Reagents
Authors: Cao Shu‐Hua , Zhang Xiu‐Chun , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUnder mild reaction conditions, the C=C double bond inisatin‐derived electron‐deficient alkenes has been exclusively reduced in the presence of alkylphosphanes and water to afford the corresponding reduction products in good to excellent yields. A plausible mechanism is proposed on the basis of deuterium‐labeling experiments.
Calcium‐Catalyzed Direct Coupling of Alcohols with Organosilanes
Authors: Meyer Vera J. , Niggemann Meike 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA calcium‐catalyzed direct substitution of π‐activated alcohols with different organosilanes under very mild reaction conditions is presented. The high reactivity of the calcium catalyst allows efficient conversion of secondary and tertiary allylic, secondary benzylic, and tertiary propargylic alcohols with allyltrimethylsilane at room temperature. Furthermore, the first direct substitution of an alcohol with (E)‐ as well as (Z)‐alkenylsilanes was achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Highly Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐9‐epi‐Dictyostatin and (–)‐12,13‐Bis‐epi‐dictyostatin
Authors: Zanato Chiara , Pignataro Luca , Ambrosi Andrea , Hao Zhongyan , Trigili Chiara , Díaz José Fernando , Barasoain Isabel , Gennari Cesare 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe total syntheses of (+)‐9‐epi‐dictyostatin (1a) and (–)‐12,13‐bis‐epi‐dictyostatin (1b), diastereomers of the antimitotic marine sponge‐derived macrolide (–)‐dictyostatin (1), were achieved by creating 11 stereogenic centers and 4stereogenic double bonds with a high level of stereocontrol. The yield for the 29‐step longest linear sequence from Roche ester was 1.53 and 1.52 %, respectively. The final key steps to these unnatural products were the addition of vinylzincates C10‐C26 to aldehyde C1–C9 (leading surprisingly to complete stereoselectivity for the 9R‐configuration in 28a and for the 9S‐configuration in 12,13‐bis‐epimeric 28b), followed by Yamaguchi macrolactonization and global deprotection. (–)‐12,13‐Bis‐epi‐dictyostatin (1b) displayed a dramatic decrease of cytotoxicity and of the affinity toward the paclitaxel binding site of microtubules.
Environmental and cultural changes in highland Guatemala inferred from Lake Amatitlán sediments
Authors: Velez Maria I. , Curtis Jason H. , Brenner Mark , Escobar Jaime , Leyden Barbara W. , Popenoe de Hatch Marion 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe inferred the late Holocene environmental history of the Guatemala highlands from multiple lines of evidence in a sediment core from Lake Amatitlán. Inferred environmental changes are generally synchronous with archaeologically documented highland Maya cultural shifts. Population increases in the Middle Preclassic, Early Classic, and Late Postclassic are associated with deforestation and soil erosion. Land abandonment in the Late Preclassic, Late Classic, and Early Postclassic is associated with evidence for reforestation and soil stabilization. Diatoms indicate relatively lower lake level and greater trophic status at times of reduced human impact, from ca. 250 B.C. to A.D. 125 and from ca. A.D. 875 to 1375. Decreased water levels were probably due to drier climate, to reforestation, or both. Lake eutrophication was caused by reduced water volume combined with a legacy of long‐term agricultural activity. Our data contribute to the understanding of relations among ancient Maya culture, climate, and environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropsychological screening performance and the association with activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living in dementia: baseline and 18‐ to 24‐month follow‐up
Authors: Monaci Linda , Morris Robin G. 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe use of neuropsychological assessment beyond diagnosis is related partly to the extent to which it can indicate everyday function. This study investigates whether the associations between neuropsychological functioning, activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) change over an 18‐ to 24‐month follow‐up, exploring whether these change with dementia progression.MethodThirty‐four patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were assessed at baseline and again after between 18 and 24 months. Neuropsychological function was assessed using the revised Cambridge Cognitive Examination, which includes in it the Mini mental state examination and an executive functions scale. ADL and IADL were also measured, together with background neuropsychiatric features by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory.ResultsPearson correlations between the measures of daily functioning and cognitive abilities and neuropsychiatric symptoms showed that initially neuropsychological test results tended to correlate with IADL rather than ADL measures. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were not correlated whether IADL or ADL. At follow‐up, none of the neuropsychological function measures correlated with IADL or ADL, but neuropsychiatric symptoms were correlated with IADL.ConclusionsAt baseline, neuropsychological function is associated with IADL but not ADL. At follow‐up, the association between neuropsychological function and IADL diminishes, and associations between neuropsychiatric disturbances and IADL emerge. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent effect on the antimony atom in organostibine‐mediated living radical polymerization
Authors: Kayahara Eiichi , Kondo Noriaki , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe substituent effect on the antimony atom in organostibine‐mediated degenerative transfer living radical polymerization has been studied. 2‐Diphenylstibanyl‐2‐methylpropionitrile (1a) was synthesized as an organostibine chain transfer agent (CTA), and its effect was compared with the previously reported dimethylstibanyl analogue 1b. Both CTAs successfully polymerized butyl acrylate (BA) in a highly controlled manner giving poly(butyl acrylate)s possessing number average molecular weights close to the theoretical values determined by BA/1 ratios and narrow molecular weight distribution. The controllability of styrene polymerization by 1a was slightly decreased but the decrease is still at an acceptable level. However, 1a did not control the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The results are in sharp contrast that 1b can highly control the polymerization of styrene and MMA. Kinetic studies using diphenylstibanyl‐substituted polystyrene macro‐CTA 2 in styrene polymerization revealed that the degenerative chain transfer reaction of the diphenylstibanyl group takes place faster than that of the dimethylstibanyl group, suggesting that the reactivity of the diphenylstibanyl group is not the origin of the low control. Chain extension experiments revealed the formation of a considerable amount of dead polymers when 1a was used as a CTA, and the frequent occurrence of termination reaction is the most probable origin of the low control. The addition of tetraphenyldistibine significantly increased the control of styrene and MMA polymerization, and structurally well‐defined polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) were obtained by applying a binary system consisting from 1a and tetraphenyldistibine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:307–315, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20681
Modular synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical properties of 2,3,5,6‐tetraaryl‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]difurans
Authors: Tsuji Hayato , Mitsui Chikahiko , Sato Yoshiharu , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe developed a versatile synthesis of tetraaryl‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]difurans (m‐BDFs) via a zinc‐mediated intramolecular double cyclization reaction of 4,6‐bis(phenylethynyl)‐1,3‐benzenediol, followed by a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. In comparison with the corresponding benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran (p‐BDF) isomers reported previously, the m‐BDFs are slightly wider between HOMO and LUMO, as well as a lower energy level of the former. These differences in properties between the structural isomers can be ascribed to the difference in the conjugation type. The compounds had high charge carrier mobility up to 1 × 10−3 cm2/Vs, which makes them attractive materials for organoelectronics applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:316–324, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20682
Intensive NMR study of 1‐t‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐2,4‐bis(2,4,6‐tri‐t‐butylphenyl)‐1,3‐diphosphacyclobutane‐2,4‐diyl
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Osborn Stefan T. , Arduengo Anthony J. , Belmore Kenneth A. , Ito Shigekazu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDetailed 1H‐, 13C‐, and 31P NMR studies of 1‐t‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐2,4‐bis(2,4,6‐tri‐t‐butylphenyl)‐1,3‐diphosphacyclobutane‐2,4‐diyl reveal several unusual coupling constants together with recognition of the diastereotopicity of the compound. These new data support an uncommon phosphorus‐containing molecular structure for the ring system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:331–338, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20684
Isolation of tetraphenylselenurane
Authors: Bienfait André Marcel , Kubella Paul , Mueller Birgit , Seppelt Konrad 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTetraphenylselenurane has been isolated and structurally characterized by a single crystal structure determination. (a = 1752.1(7), b = 99.6(), c = 1074.2(4) pm, ß = 98.97(1)°, P21/c) It is a yellow crystalline material that explodes on warming to room temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:576–578, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20686
Implicit social cognition and safety culture
Authors: Marquardt Nicki , Gades Ricarda , Robelski Swantje 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMost models define safety culture as basic assumptions, attitudes, or values concerning organizational safety issues. When measuring safety cultures, many researchers have had their main focus on explicit safety‐critical attitudes and generally relied on specific survey instruments. It is questionable, however, whether self‐report measures can capture all aspects of organizational safety culture. Instead of getting direct answers, implicit measures rely on activating automatic attitudes derived from long‐term memory and measure the time it takes an individual to react to attitude‐evoking stimuli. This article deals with the relationship between implicit safety‐critical attitudes and safety culture. The first study involved the measurement of explicit and implicit safety‐critical attitudes from 376 participants working in various industries. The Implicit Association Test (IAT)—a latency‐based measurement approach—was applied to assess implicit safety‐critical attitudes. Explicit safety attitudes were measured by questionnaire. Implicit and explicit attitudes are both related to organizational safety performance indicators, such as data concerning accidents and near misses. The second study involved both types of safety‐critical attitudes that were used for predicting safety culture indicators on an individual level. An example of this is risk awareness. The first study's results show that explicit and implicit safety‐critical attitudes represent various aspects of an organizational safety culture and can be related to safety performance indicators on an organizational level. The second study's results indicate that implicitly measured attitudes have been better at predicting safety culture indicators on an individual level compared to explicit attitude. Recommendations for future research in the field of safety culture assessment are made. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performing ergonomics analyses through virtual interactive design: Validity and reliability assessment
Authors: Wu Tinghao , Tian Renran , Duffy Vincent G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractVirtual interactive design methodology was initially proposed as an integrated environment for digital human model–based ergonomics analysis of human–machine interactions, which uses a motion capture system and virtual environment to realize task simulation. The validity and reliability of this analysis methodology has not been systematically studied. In this article, potential errors are first investigated based on the technology used in the system structure and work process; then, three experimental integration levels are proposed to use different resources for creating manikin postures. Validity and reliability to use this integrated environment for static ergonomics analysis are then assessed by comparing the ergonomics analysis outputs achieved based on the three integration levels. The results indicate that the reliability of this methodology is good; however, the validity of the integrated system is affected by the limitation of the virtual environment used in the testing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of calculative attachment in the relationship between diversity climate and retention
Authors: Kaplan David M. , Wiley Jack W. , Maertz Carl P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study enhances our understanding of the complex relationship between diversity and employee retention. The study found that positive perceptions of an organization's “diversity climate” were related to decreased turnover intentions and found support for the proposition that calculative attachment mediated this relationship. In addition, the study considered potential interactions with diversity climate perceptions in predicting calculative attachment and found support for satisfaction with pay as a moderator, but not supervisor effectiveness. Finally, the study determined that the benefits of a positive diversity climate may extend to all employees, including White men. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inducements, contributions, and fulfillment in new employee psychological contracts
Authors: Lee Cynthia , Liu Jun , Rousseau Denise M. , Hui Chun , Chen Zhen Xiong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis longitudinal study of newly hired Chinese college graduates (N = 143) investigates the effects of contract fulfillment, employee reports of company inducements (organizational support and job rewards), and supervisory reports of individual contributions (job performance and extra‐role citizenship behavior) upon changes in the graduates' psychological contracts. Three survey waves were administered a year apart, starting with the recruits' job offer acceptance. Analyses revealed that employee fulfillment and perceived contributions predicted particular changes in employer psychological contract obligations, whereas employer fulfillment and perceived inducements predicted changes in employee obligations. The effects of inducements on employee obligation changes and contributions on employer obligation changes were mediated by their respective fulfillment measures. Changes in obligations were greater in the first year of employment than in the second. This study yields implications for managing newcomers and researching the initial phase of employment. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mandatory and binding arbitration: Effects on employee attitudes and recruiting results
Authors: Bernardin H. John , Richey Brenda E. , Castro Stephanie L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper reports the results of two studies undertaken in the same Fortune 500 company as it adopted an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) program. Study 1 assessed employees' perceptions of fairness, trust, and turnover intentions regarding ADR options. Compared with other options for ADR, a program consisting of mandatory mediation followed by mandatory and binding arbitration (MMBA) resulted in significantly lower levels of procedural fairness perception, organizational trust, and intentions to stay with the firm. Contrary to previous research, no significant effects were found related to respondents' demographic characteristics and their reactions to ADR program characteristics. In Study 2, job‐applicant flow data were evaluated and compared by corporate region to determine the effects of an MMBA program installed in one region. Results revealed no significant effects related to the MMBA program on the organization's ability to recruit and ultimately fill key positions. As in Study 1, no significant effects were found in Study 2 for the demographic characteristics of applicant race/ethnicity, gender, or age on applicant recruitment decisions. Although Study 2 results indicated job candidates are unaffected by the existence of an MMBA program, given Study 1's results, practitioners should be cautious about implementing such a program for current employees. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of primed goals on employee performance: Implications for human resource management
Authors: Shantz Amanda , Latham Gary 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOverwhelming evidence in the behavioral sciences shows that consciously set goals can increase an employee's performance. Thus, HR professionals have had little, if any, reason to be interested in subconscious processes. In the past decade, however, laboratory experiments by social psychologists have shown that goals can be primed. That is, people's behavior is affected by goals of which they are unaware. Because a conscious goal consumes cognitive resources, this finding has important implications for employee efficiency in the workplace. This paper discusses the results of priming a performance goal in two organizational settings. Call center employees who were primed using a photograph of a woman winning a race raised significantly more money from donors than those who were randomly assigned to a control group. A meta‐analysis revealed that a photograph can prime the subconscious to increase job performance. The results of the present study demonstrate that subconscious motivation is a concept worthy of exploration for both human resource scholars and practitioners. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.