bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman-Mikrospektrometer zur Untersuchung biologischer Proben
Authors: Bolwien Carsten , Sulz Gerd 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Mikro-Ramanspektroskopie ermöglicht die schnelle und zerstörungsfreie Identifikation und Charakterisierung von biologischen Proben wie Mikroorganismen und Zellen auf der Einzelzellebene. Im Folgenden stellen wir ein flexibles Raman-Messsystem auf der Basis eines inversen Forschungsmikroskops vor, das neben einer komfortablen manuellen Bedienung die schnelle Entwicklung von skriptgesteuerten automatisierten Abläufen erlaubt.
Minimal changes in environmental temperature result in a significant increase in energy expenditure and changes in the hormonal homeostasis in healthy adults
Authors: Celi Francesco S , Brychta Robert J , Linderman Joyce D , Butler Peter W , Alberobello Anna Teresa , Smith Sheila , Courville Amber B , Lai Edwin W , Costello Rene , Skarulis Monica C , Csako Gyorgy , Remaley Alan , Pacak Karel , Chen Kong Y 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveResting energy expenditure (EE) is a major contributor to the total EE and thus plays an important role in body weight regulation. Adaptive thermogenesis is a major component of EE in rodents, but little is known on the effects of exposure of humans to mild and sustainable reduction in environmental temperature.DesignTo characterize the dynamic changes in continuously measured resting EE, substrate utilization, and hormonal axes simultaneously in response to mild reduction in environmental temperature, we performed a cross-over intervention.MethodsTwenty-five volunteers underwent two 12-h recordings of EE in whole room indirect calorimeters at 24 and 19 °C with simultaneous measurement of spontaneous movements and hormonal axes.ResultsExposure to 19 °C resulted in an increase in plasma and urine norepinephrine levels (P<0.0001), and a 5.96% (P<0.001) increase in EE without significant changes in spontaneous physical activity. Exposure to the lower temperature resulted in a significant increase in free fatty acid levels (P<0.01), fasting insulin levels (P<0.05), and a marginal decrease in postprandial glucose levels. A small but significant (P<0.002) increase in serum free thyroxine and urinary free cortisol (P<0.05) was observed at 19 °C.ConclusionsOur observations indicate that exposure to 19 °C, a mild and tolerable cold temperature, results in a predictable increase in EE driven by a sustained rise in catecholamine and the activation of counter-regulatory mechanisms.
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) stimulates PTGS2 expression and PGF2α synthesis through NFKB activation via reactive oxygen species in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rats
Authors: Taniguchi Ken , Matsuoka Aki , Kizuka Fumie , Lee Lifa , Tamura Isao , Maekawa Ryo , Asada Hiromi , Taketani Toshiaki , Tamura Hiroshi , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate how prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) increases PGF2αsynthesis and PTGS2 expression in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rats. We further investigated the molecular mechanism by which PGF2αstimulates PTGS2 expression. PGF2α(3 mg/kg) or phosphate buffer as a control was injected s.c. on day 7 of pseudopregnancy.Ptgs2mRNA expression and PGF2αconcentrations in the corpus luteum were measured at 2, 6, and 24 h after PGF2αinjection. PGF2αsignificantly increasedPtgs2mRNA expression at 2 h and luteal PGF2αconcentrations at 24 h. PGF2αsignificantly decreased serum progesterone levels at all of the times studied. Simultaneous administration of a selective PTGS2 inhibitor (NS-398, 10 mg/kg) completely abolished the increase in luteal PGF2αconcentrations induced by PGF2α. PGF2αincreased NFKB p65 protein expression in the nucleus of luteal cells 30 min after PGF2αinjection, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that PGF2αincreased binding activities of NFKB to the NFKB consensus sequence of thePtgs2gene promoter. Simultaneous administration of both superoxide dismutase and catalase to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibited the increases of nuclear NFKB p65 protein expression, lipid peroxide levels, andPtgs2mRNA expression induced by PGF2α. In conclusion, PGF2αstimulatesPtgs2mRNA expression and PGF2αsynthesis through NFKB activation via ROS in the corpus luteum of pseudopregnant rats.
The Feasibility and Acceptability of Using a Portfolio to Assess Professional Competence
Authors: Miller Patricia A. , Tuekam Rosine 
Published: September 2010

Purpose: Little is known about physical therapists' views on the use of portfolios to evaluate professional competence. The purpose of this study was to gather the opinions of physical therapists on the feasibility and acceptability of a portfolio prepared to demonstrate evidence of clinical specialization through reported activities and accomplishments related to professional development, leadership, and research. Methods: Twenty-nine Canadian physical therapists practising in the neurosciences area were given 8 weeks to prepare a professional portfolio. Participants submitted the portfolio along with a survey addressing the preparation of the portfolio and its role as an assessment tool. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the participants' comments. Results: Participants reported that maintaining organized records facilitated the preparation of their portfolio. They experienced pride when reviewing their completed portfolios, which summarized their professional activities and highlighted their achievements. Concerns were noted about the veracity of self-reported records and the ability of the documentation to provide a comprehensive view of the full scope of the professional competencies required for clinical specialization (e.g., clinical skills). Conclusion: The study's findings support the feasibility and acceptability of a portfolio review to assess professional competence and clinical specialization in physical therapy and have implications for both physical therapists and professional agencies.
Whole-Body Vibration to Treat Low Back Pain: Fact or Fad?
Authors: Perraton Luke , Machotka Zuzana , Kumar Saravana 
Published: September 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the current evidence base for whole-body vibration as a treatment for low back pain (LBP). Summary of key points: Whole-body vibration through occupational exposure has previously been recognized as an aetiological factor in LBP. Previous studies have identified whole-body vibration (WBV) as a cause of LBP in various sitting-based occupations that involve machinery and repetitive vibration. In the last decade, however, WBV has been advocated as a safe and effective treatment for LBP. Despite the growing popularity of WBV in clinical practice, this systematic review of the literature identified only two studies that investigated the effectiveness of WBV as a treatment option for LBP, and an assessment of the quality of these studies demonstrated several methodological problems that may have biased their findings. While there is emerging evidence for the effectiveness of WBV in treating some medical conditions, the evidence for WBV as a treatment for LBP remains equivocal. Recommendations: Based on the current body of evidence, routine use of WBV to treat LBP should be undertaken with caution. Further rigorous research designed to investigate the effectiveness of WBV as a safe and high-quality treatment for LBP is required.
La parole épuise-t-elle le sens ?
Authors: Nakajima Takahiro 
Published: September 2010

Pour dominer le langage, la philosophie chinoise a découvert des moyens autres que la « rectification des noms ». Il s’agit d’une part de l’annihilation totale de la langue, et d’autre part d’une clarification de la langue plus grande que celle opérée par la « rectification de la langue ». Pour mieux comprendre cette situation, il est nécessaire à remonter la généalogie à partir de la controverse sur la théorie de « la parole épuise le sens » et celle de « la parole n’épuise pas le sens » qui se déroula à l’époque des six dynasties (deuxième moitié du IIIème siècle de l’ère chrétienne). On réfléchit la controverse entre le discours d’Ouyang Jian et celui de Xun Can. Puis, on arrive à la théorie de Wang Bi qui synthétise la controverse et invente l’autre idée sur le langage. Cette idée est un « langage oublié » qui essaie d’annihiler complètement l’altérité du langage. Ce qu’on vise par l’annihilation du langage, c’est un monde du sens pur, qui augmente le profit, qui est gouverné magnifiquement, c’est un monde où tout est ramené à l’Un.
Prolactin-Induced Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and IL-1β in Leukocytes from the Bony Fish Gilthead Seabream Involves Jak/Stat and NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Olavarría Víctor H. , Sepulcre María P. , Figueroa Jaime E. , Mulero Victoriano 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Prolactin (PRL), a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland, was shown to play an important role in the modulation of the immune system of lower and higher vertebrates. To further investigate the effects of PRL on the activation of professional phagocytes of bony fish, we stimulated head kidney leukocytes and purified macrophages from the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) with various physiological concentrations of native salmon PRL for 2 and 16 h and analyzed the respiratory burst activity and proinflammatory cytokine expression profile. The results showed that PRL was able to induce the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in a similar way to two major pathogen-associated molecular patterns: polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid and genomic DNA from the bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. Interestingly, when the leukocytes were stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of PRL in the presence of bacterial DNA, the expression of IL-1β was synergistically induced. More importantly, all PRL activities were blocked by neutralizing Abs to PRL, as well as by pharmacological inhibitors of the Jak/Stat and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, EMSA and HPLC/mass spectrometry further confirmed that Stat and NF-κB were involved in the activation of seabream leukocytes by PRL. Collectively, our data identified PRL as a key regulator of the activation of fish professional phagocytes and demonstrated a cross-talk between TLR/NF-κB and PRLR/Jak/Stat signaling pathways. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that PRL modulates the activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase through the Jak/Stat pathway in vertebrates.
Mechanisms Regulating Monocyte CXCL8 Secretion in Neurocysticercosis and the Effect of Antiparasitic Therapy
Authors: Uddin Jasim , Gonzalez Armando E. , Gilman Robert H. , Thomas Lynette H. , Rodriguez Silvia , Evans Carlton A. W. , Remick Daniel G. , Garcia Hector H. , Friedland Jon S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) due to infection with Taenia solium is a major cause of epilepsy worldwide. Larval degeneration, which may follow antiparasitic treatment, results in clinical symptoms due to inflammatory cell influx. Mechanisms regulating this are not well understood, but chemokines have a key role. Stimulation of human monocytes by cyst Ags from NCC-infected pigs showed that scolex and membrane Ags drive CXCL8 and CCL2 secretion. Antiparasitic treatment of pigs increased CXCL8 in response to brain, but not muscle, cyst Ags. Cyst-fluid Ags did not elicit monocyte chemokine secretion, inhibited LPS-induced CXCL8 by up to 89%, but did not alter CCL2 secretion. This effect was inhibited by anti–IL-10 Abs. Plasma CXCL8, TNF-α, IL-10, eotaxin, IL-1, IL-1ra, soluble IL-1R-II, and soluble TNFR-I and -II levels were evaluated in 167 NCC patients. Patients had lower plasma CXCL8 and TNF-α concentrations than control subjects. In summary, larval Ags from brain and muscle cysts differentially regulate chemokine secretion. Cyst-fluid inhibits CXCL8, and this is blocked by anti–IL-10 Abs. CXCL8 concentrations are decreased in patient plasma. Following anti-parasitic therapy, scolex and membrane Ags are exposed, and cyst fluid is decreased, leading to inflammatory cell influx. Taken together, the cellular, porcine, and human data may explain, in part, why NCC is usually asymptomatic but may cause proinflammatory symptoms, particularly following treatment.
Factor H Facilitates Adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Complement Receptor 3 on Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Agarwal Sarika , Ram Sanjay , Ngampasutadol Jutamas , Gulati Sunita , Zipfel Peter F. , Rice Peter A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can engage human complement receptor 3 (CR3) directly or through surface-bound iC3b. Factor H (fH) that binds to bacteria facilitates conversion of C3b to iC3b. fH also binds directly to CR3 on professional phagocytes. Certain nonprofessional phagocytes, such as primary cervical epithelial cells, also express CR3. We hypothesized that fH could bridge bacteria to CR3 and facilitate gonococcal association with host cells. Specificity of the fH–CR3 interaction was confirmed using human CR3-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-CR3) cells. Using recombinant proteins that comprised contiguous fH domains (fH contains 20 short consensus repeat [SCR] domains) fused to murine Fc, we observed strong binding through SCRs 18–20, whereas weaker binding occurred through SCRs 6–10. Both regions also bound to unsialylated porin (Por) B.1A-expressing N. gonorrhoeae. Accordingly, fH-related protein 1 (three of its five SCRs are highly homologous to fH SCRs 18–20) bound to CHO-CR3 and to unsialylated PorB.1A gonococci. An alternatively spliced variant of fH called fH-like protein-1 (contains fH SCRs 1–7) bound to gonococci but minimally to CHO-CR3. An fH SCRs 6–20 construct enhanced binding of unsialylated PorB.1A gonococci to CHO-CR3. However, a construct that contained only the apparently relevant SCRs (6, 7, and 18–20) bound to CHO-CR3 and to gonococci separately, but did not enhance bacteria–CR3 interactions, suggesting that the intervening SCRs (8–17) may impart a configurational and spatial requirement for fH to bridge gonococci to CR3. These results indicate adherence between fH-coated gonococci and CR3 and may provide a means for gonococci to gain sanctuary into nonprofessional phagocytes.
Leishmania donovani Promastigotes Evade the Antimicrobial Activity of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Gabriel Christelle , McMaster W. Robert , Girard Denis , Descoteaux Albert 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Upon their recruitment to a site of infection and their subsequent activation, neutrophils release DNA and a subset of their granule content to form filamentous structures, known as neutrophil extracellular traps, which capture and kill microorganisms. In this study, we show that Leishmania promastigotes induced the rapid release of neutrophil extracellular traps from human neutrophils and were trapped by these structures. The use of Leishmania mutants defective in the biosynthesis of either lipophosphoglycan or GP63 revealed that these two major surface promastigote virulence determinants were not responsible for inducing the release of the surface protease neutrophil extracellular traps. We also demonstrate that this induction was independent of superoxide production by neutrophils. Finally, in contrast to wild-type Leishmania donovani promastigotes, mutants defective in lipophosphoglycan biosynthesis were highly susceptible to the antimicrobial activity of neutrophil extracellular traps. Altogether, our data suggest that neutrophil extracellular traps may contribute to the containment of L. donovani promastigotes at the site of inoculation, thereby facilitating their uptake by mononuclear phagocytes.
Vitamin D3 Upregulated Protein 1 Suppresses TNF-α–Induced NF-κB Activation in Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Kwon Hyo-Jung , Won Young-Suk , Suh Hyun-Woo , Jeon Jun-Ho , Shao Yan , Yoon Suk-Ran , Chung Jin-Woong , Kim Tae-Don , Kim Hwan-Mook , Nam Ki-Hoan , Yoon Won-Kee , Kim Dae-Ghon , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Kim Young-Sung , Kim Dae-Yong , Kim Hyoung-Chin , Choi Inpyo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is a candidate tumor suppressor, the expression of which is dramatically reduced in various tumor tissues. In this study, we found that VDUP1 expression is suppressed during human hepatic carcinogenesis, and mice lacking VDUP1 are much more susceptible to diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis compared with wild type mice. VDUP1-deficient tumors proliferated significantly more than wild type tumors and had corresponding changes in the expression of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. In addition, the hepatomitogen-induced response was associated with a considerable increase in the release of TNF-α and subsequent enhancement of NF-κB activation in VDUP1-deficient mice. When cells were treated with TNF-α, the VDUP1 level was markedly reduced, concomitant with elevated NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the overexpression of VDUP1 resulted in the robust suppression of TNF-α–activated NF-κB activity via association with HDAC1 and HDAC3. These results indicate that VDUP1 negatively regulates hepatocarcinogenesis by suppressing TNF-α–induced NF-κB activation.
HIV-1 Nef Disrupts Maturation of CD4+ T Cells through CD4/Lck Modulation
Authors: Chrobak Pavel , Simard Marie-Chantal , Bouchard Nathalie , Ndolo Thomas Mutushi , Guertin Joël , Hanna Zaher , Dave Vibhuti , Jolicoeur Paul 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The HIV-1 Nef protein is a major determinant of HIV-1 pathogenicity. It has been found to induce thymocyte depletion, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. Also, nothing is known about its effects on thymocyte selection. We used the CD4C/HIVNef transgenic (Tg) mice, which develop a profound CD4+ T cell lymphopenia, to study their thymic development. We report that HIV-1 Nef causes depletion of double-positive thymocytes and impairs selection and lineage commitment of CD4+ single-positive thymocytes. This latter defect could be relieved by increasing the affinity of the TCR–MHC interaction or by allowing CD4+ T cell maturation to proceed in absence of the CD4 tail, in double-Tg (Nef × CD4tailless) mice or in the presence of constitutively active Tg LckY505F. These rescue strategies also resulted in reversal of peripheral CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. Our data indicate that impairment of Lck-mediated CD4 coreceptor signaling by Nef is an important in vivo mechanism of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Magnetic and Acoustically Active Lipospheres for Magnetically Targeted Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Vlaskou Dialechti , Mykhaylyk Olga , Krötz Florian , Hellwig Nicole , Renner Ritta , Schillinger Ulrike , Gleich Bernhard , Heidsieck Alexandra , Schmitz Georg , Hensel Karin , Plank Christian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWith the aim of obtaining a carrier for combined magnetic‐field‐ and ultrasound‐targeted nucleic acid delivery, acoustically active lipospheres are prepared that comprise magnetic nanoparticles and plasmid DNA or synthetic siRNA. The lipospheres, with average diameters of 5 μm and smaller, are obtained upon shaking a mixture of soybean oil, a cationic lipid, magnetic nanoparticles, a nucleic acid, and aqueous buffer in a perfluoropropane atmosphere in a sealed vial. These lipospheres create contrast in ultrasound imaging and display greatly increased magnetophoretic mobility and in consequence greatly improved magnetic retention in a flow model when compared with free magnetic nanoparticles. In cell culture, the lipospheres are sedimented within minutes to the surface of cells using a gradient magnetic field. This sedimentation results in the association of about 50% of the applied plasmid DNA with the cells and in functional DNA and siRNA delivery in vitro. Under these conditions, ultrasound does not have an enhancing effect on nucleic acid delivery. When magnetic, acoustically active lipospheres carrying 125iodine‐labeled plasmid DNA are injected into the tail veins of mice, the application of a gradient magnetic field to the chests of the mice results in a two‐ to threefold enrichment of both lung lobes with the plasmid. A similar enrichment is obtained when ultrasound alone (1 MHz, 10 min) is applied. The combined application of magnetic field and ultrasound has no synergistic effect in terms of liposphere capture in the lungs. Histological analysis reveals intact lipospheres in lung capillaries. A synergistic effect of magnetic field and ultrasound is observed in site‐specific plasmid deposition in a dorsal skinfold chamber model in mice after injection into the carotis. These conditions also result in functional plasmid delivery to the vasculature after intrajugular injection.
Original and Efficient Synthesis of D‐Cycloserine
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Meng Xia , Duan Hongdong , Wang Lizhen , Wang Shixiao , Zhang Yi , Qin Dawei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA simple pathway for the preparation of D‐cycloserine is presented. The intermediates and D‐cycloserine were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR spectra and elemental analysis. D‐Cycloserine can inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can be used as a second‐line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, especially for the use in developing countries.
A survey in the park: Methodological and practical problems associated with geophysical investigation in a late Victorian municipal park
Authors: Parkyn Andrew 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe survey of Pudsey Park is a geophysical investigation of a late Victorian municipal park. The aim of the survey was to use geophysical techniques to identify the park's changing designs over a 120 year period. An initial design for the park was located during the desk‐based assessment, however, it was unclear how much of the original plan had been implemented. It was suspected that Pudsey Park's design has been simplified over time. The project also aimed to identify a suitable sampling strategy for studying park and garden sites by using high‐resolution surveys and multiple probe separations for varying depths of detection during earth resistance survey. It was hoped that multiple electrode separations combined with a high density survey could be used to differentiate the signal responses from the modern park designs and earlier design schemes. The choice of strategy is at a significantly higher resolution than guidelines for geophysical investigations for traditional archaeological features. The survey provided highly detailed but complicated data sets; areas of the park have had several redesigns, often where the modern scheme masks previous designs. A number of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ landscaping features were identified including the foundations of the original bandstand (now replaced) and former flower beds. The 0.25 m probe separation surprisingly produced the most defined data with the greatest level of information due to the increased spatial resolution. The geophysical investigation is the first of its kind to investigate a Victorian municipal park in its entirety. The survey validates the importance of high‐resolution survey in the study of parks and gardens and also provides a reference data set for future work where poorer documentation hinders interpretation. The geophysics data, together with the accompanying Geographical Information System database produce a unique and detailed picture of a Victorian park from its inception through 120 years of development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.