bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bypassing Shame and Conversion Disorder
Authors: Bota Robert G. , Ricci Walter F , Preda Adrian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe report a case of conversion disorder (partial aphonia) that was successfully treated with speech therapy. During the one year duration of this illness, the patient regained transiently (minutes) her normal speech on a few occasions, independently of concomitant pharmacological interventions. One year after recovery she developed aphonia for the second time, which responded again to speech therapy, although the response rate was slower. Several mechanisms of conversion disorder are reviewed as specifically applied to this case. The possible role of pertinent shame mechanisms in the conversion pathology is discussed.
Pharmaceutical Modulation of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System for
Stroke Prevention: A Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence
Authors: Moutzouri Elisavet , Daios George , Elisaf Moses , Milionis Haralampos J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis
of cerebrovascular diseases. During the past decades, AU: INCLUDE A NUMBER?
RAAS has gained attention as an important therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine.
Modulation of the RAAS for primary and secondary stroke prevention seems an appealing
strategy. Several experimental studies have showed that pre-treatment with RAAS inhibitors
prior to the initiation of ischemia exerts favorable effects on infarct volume, brain
edema, and cerebral blood flow in the marginal zone. Furthermore, the activation of
angiotensin receptor type 2 has been associated with neuroprotective effects. Accumulating
evidence based on recent clinical trials indicate that blockade of RAAS has a potential
role in stroke prevention. This review summarizes the pathophysiological aspects of brain
RAAS and its constituents, presents experimental data on the neuroprotective actions of
RAAS inhibitors and available evidence regarding their effects on stroke risk, and discuss
future directions for research.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of 1-nitropropane and 1-nitrobutane anions
Authors: Adams Christopher L. , Knurr Benjamin J. , Weber J. Mathias 
Published: February 2012

We present low-energy velocity map photoelectron imaging results for bare and Ar-solvated 1-nitropropane and 1-nitrobutane anions. We report the adiabatic electron affinity of 1-nitropropane as (223 ± 6) meV and that of 1-nitrobutane as (240 ± 6 meV). The vertical detachment energies of these two species are found to be (0.92 ± 0.05) and (0.88 ± 0.05) eV, respectively. The photoelectron spectra are discussed in the framework of Franck-Condon simulations based on density functional theory. We observe unusual resonances in the photoelectron spectra of both ions under study, whose kinetic energy is independent of the photon energy of the detaching radiation. We discuss possible origins of these resonances as rescattering phenomena, consistent with the experimental photoelectron angular distributions.
Electronic states of cyclophanes with small bridges
Authors: Dodziuk H. , Vetokhina V. , Hopf H. , Luboradzki R. , Gaweł P. , Waluk J. 
Published: February 2012

Electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism were recorded for five cyclophanes with ethano bridges: [2.2]paracyclophane, (1,2,4)[2.2.2]cyclophane, (1,2,4;1,2,5)[2.2.2]cyclophane, (1,2,3,4,5,6)(1,2,3,4,5,6)cyclophane, and trans-[2.2]metacyclophane. Spectral and structural analyses were based on geometry optimization and calculations of transition energies, carried out using density functional theory methods. The assignments have been proposed for several electronic transitions observed in the region below 52 000 cm−1. The observation of transitions which should be forbidden in the high D2h symmetry [2.2]paracyclophane suggests a twisted ground state structure of D2 symmetry, although the former structure with large amplitude vibrations at room temperature cannot be excluded. The PBE0 functional turned out to appropriately reproduce the inter-ring distances and electronic transition energies.
Heme-copper terminal oxidase using both cytochrome
c
and ubiquinol as electron donors
Authors: Gao Ye , Meyer Björn , Sokolova Lucie , Zwicker Klaus , Karas Michael , Brutschy Bernd , Peng Guohong , Michel Hartmut 
Published: February 2012

The cytochrome
c
oxidase Cox2 has been purified from native membranes of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium
Aquifex aeolicus
. It is a cytochrome
ba
3
oxidase belonging to the family B of the heme-copper containing terminal oxidases. It consists of three subunits, subunit I (CoxA2, 63.9 kDa), subunit II (CoxB2, 16.8 kDa), and an additional subunit IIa of 5.2 kDa. Surprisingly it is able to oxidize both reduced cytochrome
c
and ubiquinol in a cyanide sensitive manner. Cox2 is part of a respiratory chain supercomplex. This supercomplex contains the fully assembled cytochrome
bc
1
complex and Cox2. Although direct ubiquinol oxidation by Cox2 conserves less energy than ubiquinol oxidation by the cytochrome
bc
1
complex followed by cytochrome
c
oxidation by a cytochrome
c
oxidase, ubiquinol oxidation by Cox2 is of advantage when all ubiquinone would be completely reduced to ubiquinol, e.g., by the sulfide∶quinone oxidoreductase, because the cytochrome
bc
1
complex requires the presence of ubiquinone to function according to the Q-cycle mechanism. In the case that all ubiquinone has been reduced to ubiquinol its reoxidation by Cox2 will enable the cytochrome
bc
1
complex to resume working.
Estimating population diversity with CatchAll
Authors: Bunge John , Woodard Linda , Böhning Dankmar , Foster James A. , Connolly Sean , Allen Heather K. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The massive data produced by next-generation sequencing require advanced statistical tools. We address estimating the total diversity or species richness in a population. To date, only relatively simple methods have been implemented in available software. There is a need for software employing modern, computationally intensive statistical analyses including error, goodness-of-fit and robustness assessments.
Results: We present CatchAll, a fast, easy-to-use, platform-independent program that computes maximum likelihood estimates for finite-mixture models, weighted linear regression-based analyses and coverage-based non-parametric methods, along with outlier diagnostics. Given sample ‘frequency count’ data, CatchAll computes 12 different diversity estimates and applies a model-selection algorithm. CatchAll also derives discounted diversity estimates to adjust for possibly uncertain low-frequency counts. It is accompanied by an Excel-based graphics program.
Availability: Free executable downloads for Linux, Windows and Mac OS, with manual and source code, at www.northeastern.edu/catchall.
Contact: jab18@cornell.edu
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Incidence of Postoperative Delirium after Elective Knee Replacement in the Nondemented Elderly
Authors: Flink Benjamin J. , Rivelli Sarah K. , Cox Elizabeth A. , White William D. , Falcone Grace , Vail Thomas P. , Young Christopher C. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Krystal Andrew D. , Trzepacz Paula T. , Moon Richard E. , Kwatra Madan M. 
Published: February 2012

Background
Postoperative delirium, a common complication in the elderly, can occur following any type of surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; it may also be associated with subsequent cognitive problems. Effective therapy for postoperative delirium remains elusive because the causative factors of delirium are likely multiple and varied.

Methods
Patients 65 yr or older undergoing elective knee arthroplasty were prospectively evaluated for postoperative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV delirium. Exclusion criteria included dementia, mini-mental state exam score less than 24, delirium, clinically significant central nervous system/neurologic disorder, current alcoholism, or any serious psychiatric disorder. Delirium was assessed on postoperative days 2 and 3 using standardized scales. Patients' preexisting medical conditions were obtained from medical charts. The occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea was confirmed by contacting patients to check their polysomnography records. Data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square or Wilcoxon rank sum tests and multiple logistic regressions adjusted for effects of covariates.

Results
Of 106 enrolled patients, 27 (25%) developed postoperative delirium. Of the 15 patients with obstructive sleep apnea, eight (53%) experienced postoperative delirium, compared with 19 (20%) of the patients without obstructive sleep apnea (P = 0.0123, odds ratio: 4.3). Obstructive sleep apnea was the only statistically significant predictor of postoperative delirium in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions
This is the first prospective study employing validated measures of delirium to identify an association between preexisting obstructive sleep apnea and postoperative delirium.
Perceval Sutureless Aortic Valve Prosthesis Easy, Fast, and Safe
Authors: Santarpino Giuseppe , Pfeiffer Steffen , Concistrè Giovanni , Fischlein Theodor 
Published: February 2012

Objective There is an increase of old patients needing aortic valve surgery. Especially in this age group, a lot of new less-invasive strategies are proposed. Our goal was to study whether a sutureless aortic valve, which is implanted surgically after removal of the native valve, could be an alternative for a subgroup of patients. Methods The Sorin Perceval S is a biologic pericardial aortic valve assembled in a metal super elastic alloy stent and implanted in the aortic root without the need of suturing. As part of a premarketing multicenter study (Cavalier trial), 34 patients were screened for Perceval S implantation. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass and mini-invasive approach (partial upper sternotomy). Results Fourteen patients were excluded due to standardized criteria. Twenty patients received a 21-mm valve (2 patients), 23-mm valve (6 patients), or 25-mm valve (12 patients). X-clamp time was 20.6 ± 7.6 minutes, and implantation time was 8.6 ± 3.1 minutes. Intra- and postoperative echocardiography showed no paravalvular leakage, low gradients (max 16.3 ± 5, mean 9.8 ± 4.2), and two patients with an intraprosthesis reflux (one patient with 1/4+, one patient with 2/4+). All patients were discharged without major in-hospital complications (intensive care unit stay 1.4 ± 0.5 days, hospital stay 7 ± 0.7 days). Conclusions The sutureless Perceval S aortic valve is hemodynamically excellent and a safe prosthesis in selected patients. Due to a simple and fast implantation technique, this valve could guarantee a shorter operation time in combination with a mini-invasive approach.
Surgical Treatment for Isolated Atrial Fibrillation Minimally Invasive vs Classic Cut and Sew Maze
Authors: Lee Richard , McCarthy Patrick M. , Passman Rod S. , Kruse Jane , Malaisrie S. Chris , McGee Edwin C. , Lapin Brittany , Jacobson Jason T. , Goldberger Jeffrey , Knight Bradley P. 
Published: February 2012

Objective We sought to compare outcomes after two surgical approaches for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF): a minimally invasive, staged hybrid approach combining surgery with catheter ablation, [Hybrid Maze (HM)] and the classic cut and sew Maze (CM). Methods From April 2004 to March 2010, 63 stand-alone AF procedures were performed by two surgeons at a single center and followed up for ≥6 months. CM was offered to all patients. After July 2007, patients were also prospectively offered a two-stage HM: stage 1 = a beating heart bipolar radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage ligation; stage 2 = transvenous catheter ablation connecting the pulmonary veins to each other and the mitral annulus when AF was present after stage 1. Outcomes were compared between 25 HM and 38 CM using χ2 or Fisher exact test analysis. Results Postoperatively, there was no difference in 30-day mortality (0%), complications (4% HM vs 18% CM), or median length of stay (5 days). At last follow-up, 88% of HM and 95% of CM were free from AF; 80% of HM and 90% of CM were free from AF and antiarrhythmic medication (P ≥ 0.3). Twenty-nine percent of HM required a subsequent catheter ablation (stage 2) when compared with 8% of the CM patients (P = 0.04). Freedom from AF and antiarrhythmic medication at 1 year was 52% for the HM and 87.5% for the CM (P = 0.004). Conclusions In AF patients reluctant to undergo a CM but willing to undergo subsequent catheter ablation, a minimally invasive approach is a reasonable strategy. Because pulmonary vein isolation alone may be sufficient in two-thirds of patients and delayed reconnection is common, an interval two-stage hybrid approach may prove preferable over a one-stage combined hybrid approach; however, successful sinus restoration may take longer with this approach.
Pilot Study of Sternal Plating for Primary Closure of the Sternum in Cardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Bennett-Guerrero Elliott , Phillips-Bute Barbara , Waweru Peter M. , Gaca Jeffrey G , Spann James C. , Milano Carmelo A. 
Published: February 2012

Objective Postoperative sternal wound complications are a significant problem in high-risk patients. In addition to closure with conventional wires, several systems involving rigid fixation with metal plates are currently available. The Rapid Sternal Closure System (Talon) is approved for stabilization and fixation of the anterior chest wall. Anecdotal evidence suggests that use of the Talon may result in improved postoperative recovery. Methods Fifty-one cardiac surgical patients at higher risk for sternal wound complications were enrolled at two sites. Subjects were randomized to insertion of Talons (n = 28) or wires only (control, n = 23) for sternal closure. The primary endpoint was a comparison between study groups of the percent of baseline incentive spirometry volume through postoperative day 7. Secondary endpoints included other measures of quality of recovery, sternal wound infection, and nonunion. Results The percentage of preoperative incentive spirometry volume achieved was higher in the Talon arm (67% ± 32%) versus control (58% ± 24%); however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.41). Use of the Talon was associated with decreased use of opiates (21.3 ± 11.8 vs 25.4 ± 21.6 mg, P = 0.44), increased ability to ambulate 1000 ft on postoperative day 5 (25% vs 13%, P = 0.28), and decreased duration of mechanical ventilation (median 0.5 vs 1.0 days, P = 0.24) and hospital length of stay (4.5 ± 3.2 vs 5.3 ± 4.0 days, P = 0.40). One superficial sternal wound infection was observed in each study arm. There were no cases of nonunion. Conclusions In this pilot study, the primary endpoint was not statistically different between the treatment groups. Use of the Talon was associated with trends toward benefit in endpoints consistent with enhanced postoperative recovery, highlighting a need for additional data from larger randomized trials.
Nutrition Education for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Fellows
Authors: Martinez J. Andres , Koyama Tatsuki , Acra Sari , Mascarenhas Maria R. , Shulman Robert J. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess the methodology and content of nutrition education during gastroenterology fellowship training and the variability among the different programs.Methods:A survey questionnaire was completed by 43 fellowship training directors of 62 active programs affiliated to the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, including sites in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The data were examined for patterns in teaching methodology and coverage of specific nutrition topics based on level 1 training in nutrition, which is the minimum requirement according to the published North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition fellowship training guidelines.Results:The majority of the teaching was conducted by MD‐degree faculty (61%), and most of the education was provided through clinical care experiences. Only 31% of the level 1 nutrition topics were consistently covered by >80% of programs, and coverage did not correlate with the size of the programs. Competency in nutrition training was primarily assessed through questions to individuals or groups of fellows (77% and 65%, respectively). Program directors cited a lack of faculty interested in nutrition and a high workload as common obstacles for teaching.Conclusions:The methodology of nutrition education during gastroenterology fellowship training is, for the most part, unstructured and inconsistent among the different programs. The minimum level 1 requirements are not consistently covered. The development of core curriculums and learning modules may be beneficial in improving nutrition education.
Role of cis-12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid in Tomato Embryo Development
Authors: Goetz Stephan , Hellwege Anja , Stenzel Irene , Kutter Claudia , Hauptmann Valeska , Forner Susanne , McCaig Bonnie , Hause Gerd , Miersch Otto , Wasternack Claus , Hause Bettina 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Oxylipins including jasmonates are signaling compounds in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) most mutants affected in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling are male sterile, whereas the JA-insensitive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutant jai1 is female sterile. The diminished seed formation in jai1 together with the ovule-specific accumulation of the JA biosynthesis enzyme allene oxide cyclase (AOC), which correlates with elevated levels of JAs, suggest a role of oxylipins in tomato flower/seed development. Here, we show that 35S::SlAOC-RNAi lines with strongly reduced AOC in ovules exhibited reduced seed set similarly to the jai1 plants. Investigation of embryo development of wild-type tomato plants showed preferential occurrence of AOC promoter activity and AOC protein accumulation in the developing seed coat and the embryo, whereas 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) was the dominant oxylipin occurring nearly exclusively in the seed coat tissues. The OPDA- and JA-deficient mutant spr2 was delayed in embryo development and showed an increased programmed cell death in the developing seed coat and endosperm. In contrast, the mutant acx1a, which accumulates preferentially OPDA and residual amount of JA, developed embryos similar to the wild type, suggesting a role of OPDA in embryo development. Activity of the residual amount of JA in the acx1a mutant is highly improbable since the known reproductive phenotype of the JA-insensitive mutant jai1 could be rescued by wound-induced formation of OPDA. These data suggest a role of OPDA or an OPDA-related compound for proper embryo development possibly by regulating carbohydrate supply and detoxification.
Analysis of Porphyra Membrane Transporters Demonstrates Gene Transfer among Photosynthetic Eukaryotes and Numerous Sodium-Coupled Transport Systems
Authors: Chan Cheong Xin , Zäuner Simone , Wheeler Glen , Grossman Arthur R. , Prochnik Simon E. , Blouin Nicolas A. , Zhuang Yunyun , Benning Christoph , Berg Gry Mine , Yarish Charles , Eriksen Renée L. , Klein Anita S. , Lin Senjie , Levine Ira , Brawley Susan H. , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Membrane transporters play a central role in many cellular processes that rely on the movement of ions and organic molecules between the environment and the cell, and between cellular compartments. Transporters have been well characterized in plants and green algae, but little is known about transporters or their evolutionary histories in the red algae. Here we examined 482 expressed sequence tag contigs that encode putative membrane transporters in the economically important red seaweed Porphyra (Bangiophyceae, Rhodophyta). These contigs are part of a comprehensive transcriptome dataset from Porphyra umbilicalis and Porphyra purpurea. Using phylogenomics, we identified 30 trees that support the expected monophyly of red and green algae/plants (i.e. the Plantae hypothesis) and 19 expressed sequence tag contigs that show evidence of endosymbiotic/horizontal gene transfer involving stramenopiles. The majority (77%) of analyzed contigs encode transporters with unresolved phylogenies, demonstrating the difficulty in resolving the evolutionary history of genes. We observed molecular features of many sodium-coupled transport systems in marine algae, and the potential for coregulation of Porphyra transporter genes that are associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and intracellular lipid trafficking. Although both the tissue-specific and subcellular locations of the encoded proteins require further investigation, our study provides red algal gene candidates associated with transport functions and novel insights into the biology and evolution of these transporters.
Phenotypic compromises in a long‐distance migrant during the transition from migration to reproduction in the High Arctic
Authors: Vézina François , Williams Tony D. , Piersma Theunis , Guy Morrison R. I. 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Seasonal carry‐over effects may be important structuring components of avian life‐history cycles. However, little is known on physiological transitions between stages and on phenotypic compromises that may be made at such time to improve fitness.2. We studied postmigratory body remodelling in red knots (Calidris canutus islandica) arriving on the Arctic breeding grounds. Our objectives were to determine the effects of body reconstruction and preparation for breeding on maintenance energy costs and to determine whether weather conditions can force compromises between functions required for postmigration recovery of body composition, thermoregulation and breeding.3. During two consecutive springs at the northernmost land on Earth (Alert, Ellesmere Island, Canada, 82°30′N), we monitored changes in knots post‐arrival body stores. Using ultrasonography, we also tracked changes in gizzard size, an indicator of gut size, and pectoral muscle thickness, not only an endogenous protein source but also a thermogenic organ. We measured basal metabolic rate (BMR) throughout reconstruction and compared it with BMR of nonbreeding red knots wintering in the Dutch Wadden Sea.4. Arriving knots faced temperatures up to 13 °C lower than during midwinter. Birds arrived with large body stores and pectoral muscles, which declined in size while they grew their gizzard and prepared for breeding. BMR at arrival was indistinguishable from winter BMR and increased linearly throughout reconstruction. BMR increased up to 69% faster in females than males, likely due to the development of their reproductive organs.5. Birds had lower body stores but larger muscles in the colder year, and muscle loss was correlated with the warming of spring temperatures. Therefore, muscles would not only serve as a nutrient source, but their thermogenic function could also provide the flexibility to cope with high thermostatic costs in the spring. However, retaining muscles for shivering may limit protein recirculation and delay the onset of breeding.6. Postmigratory recovery therefore involves significant energy costs and arriving birds likely have to make physiological compromises, depending on spring conditions, which may impact on fitness. Although this period is clearly critical in the life cycle of red knots, it is one of the least understood life‐history stages in Arctic‐breeding shorebirds.