bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Texture Characterization Allied to Cigarette Smoke Increase Pigmentation in Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: MATHIAS PAULA , COSTA LEONARDO , SARAIVA LETÍCIA OLIVEIRA , ROSSI THAIS ARANHA , CAVALCANTI ANDREA NÓBREGA , DA ROCHA NOGUEIRA‐FILHO GETÚLIO 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  The staining effect of tobacco smoke on resin color is clinically observed. However, there is no evidence determining whether this staining is increased on texturized surfaces or if the color change is superficial and can be removed by repolishing procedures.Objective:  To evaluate the effect of tobacco smoke on the color of a composite with smooth or texturized surfaces, before and after repolishing.Materials and Methods:  Forty composite specimens were allocated into four groups (N = 10): Smooth surface not exposed (G1) and exposed to tobacco smoke (G2), texturized surface not exposed (G3), and exposed to tobacco smoke (G4). During 21 days, G2 and G4 were daily exposed to the smoke from 20 cigarettes. Color measurements were carried out at baseline, after 21 days, and after repolishing. Variables L* (luminosity), b* (blue‐yellow), and ΔE (total color change) were statistically analyzed (repeated measures analysis of variance/Tukey).Results:  Texturized and smooth specimens presented similar luminosity at baseline. Tobacco smoke significantly reduced L* in G2 and G4, and increased b* in G4. After repolishing, L* increased and b* reduced in stained groups, but values continued to be different from baseline ones. Repolishing significantly reduced ΔE, but values from stained groups were still greater than that from unstained groups.Conclusion:  Tobacco smoke changes the color of composite, and surface texture can increase the staining. Repolishing reduces superficial staining, but this procedure may not return the composite to baseline color.CLINICAL RELEVANCESmokers that will receive anterior composite restorations should be warned about the negative cosmetic effect of the smoking habit on the color of restorations.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:252–261, 2010)
Bond Strength of Two Resin Cements on Dentin Using Different Cementation Strategies
Authors: MARQUES MELO RENATA , ÖZCAN MUTLU , BARBOSA SILVIA HELENA , GALHANO GRAZIELA , AMARAL REGINA , BOTTINO MARCO ANTONIO , VALANDRO LUIZ FELIPE 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose:  This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength of two resin cements to dentin either with their corresponding self‐etching adhesives or employing the three‐step “etch‐and‐rinse” technique. The null hypothesis was that the “etch‐and‐rinse” adhesive system would generate higher bond strengths than the self‐etching adhesives.Materials and Methods:  Thirty‐two human molars were randomly divided into four groups (N = 32, n = 8/per group): G1) ED Primer self‐etching adhesive + Panavia F; G2) All‐Bond 2 “etch‐and‐rinse” adhesive + Panavia F; G3) Multilink primer A/B self‐etching adhesive + Multilink resin cement; G4) All‐Bond 2 + Multilink. After cementation of composite resin blocks (5 × 5 × 4 mm), the specimens were stored in water (37°C, 24 hours), and sectioned to obtain beams (±1 mm2 of adhesive area) to be submitted to microtensile test. The data were analyzed using 2‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).Results:  Although the cement type did not significantly affect the results (p = 0.35), a significant effect of the adhesive system (p = 0.0001) was found on the bond strength results. Interaction terms were not significant (p = 0.88751). The “etch‐and‐rinse” adhesive provided significantly higher bond strength values (MPa) with both resin cements (G2: 34.4 ± 10.6; G4: 33.0 ± 8.9) compared to the self‐etching adhesive systems (G1: 19.8 ± 6.6; G3: 17.8 ± 7.2) (p < 0.0001). Pretest failures were more frequent in the groups where self‐etching systems were used.Conclusion:  Although the cement type did not affect the results, there was a significant effect of changing the bonding strategy. The use of the three‐step “etch‐and‐rinse” adhesive resulted in significantly higher bond strength for both resin cements on dentin.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDual polymerized resin cements tested could deliver higher bond strength to dentin in combination with “etch‐and‐rinse” adhesive systems as opposed to their use in combination with self‐etching adhesives.(J Esthet Restor Dent 22:262–269, 2010)
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil 20 mg on Demand vs. Tadalafil 5 mg Once-a-Day in the Treatment of Post-Radiotherapy Erectile Dysfunction in Prostate Cancer Men: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Ricardi Umberto , Gontero Paolo , Ciammella Patrizia , Badellino Serena , Valentino Franco , Munoz Fernando , Guarneri Alessia , Rondi Nadia , Moretto Francesco , Filippi Andrea Riccardo , Ragona Riccardo , Tizzani Alessandro 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment of post-radiotherapy erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been extensively investigated.

Aim
To compare the efficacy and safety of on-demand 20-mg tadalafil (arm A) with the newly released tadalafil 5-mg once-a-day dosing (arm B) in patients with ED following radiotherapy for prostate cancer (PC).

Methods
Randomized study to receive on-demand 20-mg or once-a-day 5-mg tadalafil for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) domain scores and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) question 2 and 3 positive response rates.

Results
Fifty-two out of 86 screened patients were randomized. Forty-four patients were evaluable for efficacy. A significant improvement in all domains of the IIEF was observed in both arms (P = 0.0001) with mean erectile function domain scores values of 25 and 27.1 for the 20-mg and 5-mg tadalafil, respectively (P = 0.19). SEP 2 and 3 positive response rates increased from 0% in both arms at baseline to 81% and 70% in the 20-mg arm and 90% and 73% in the 5-mg arm, respectively, at the end of treatment (P = 0.27). End of treatment global efficacy question positive answers were 86% in the 20-mg arm and 95% in the 5-mg arm (P = 0.27). Higher treatment compliance was shown in arm B (100%) as compared with arm A (86%). There was a nonstatistically significant trend toward fewer side effects in favor of the 5-mg daily dose arm.

Conclusions
In the study population, both tadalafil formulations generated significantly high response rates according to the outcome measures and were well tolerated. The once-a-day 5-mg dosing showed higher compliance and marginally reduced side effects, thus making it an attractive alternative to on-demand therapy for ED in post-radiotherapy PC patients.
Evidence of the involvement of K+ channels and PPARγreceptors in the antidepressant-like activity of diphenyl diselenide in mice
Authors: Wilhelm Ethel A , Jesse Cristiano R , Bortolatto Cristiani F , Barbosa Nilda B V , Nogueira Cristina W 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the involvement of different types of K+ channels and PPARγ receptors in the antidepressant-like effect of diphenyl diselenide in mice.MethodsMice were pretreated with subeffective doses of K+ channel inhibitors (tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, charybdotoxin and apamin), openers (cromakalim, minoxidil), GW 9662 (a PPARγ antagonist) or vehicle. Thirty minutes later the mice received diphenyl diselenide in either an effective or a subeffective dose, 30 min before a tail-suspension test.Key findingsPre-treatment with tetraethylammonium, charybdotoxin or apamin combined with a subeffective dose of diphenyl diselenide was effective in decreasing the immobility time in the mouse tail-suspension test. The reduction in the immobility time elicited by an effective dose of diphenyl diselenide in this test was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with minoxidil and GW 9662.ConclusionsDiphenyl diselenide elicited an antidepressant-like effect and this action was mediated, at least in part, by modulation of K+ channels and PPARγ receptors.
Novel mucoadhesive polysaccharide isolated from Bletilla striata improves the intraocular penetration and efficacy of levofloxacin in the topical treatment of experimental bacterial keratitis
Authors: Wu Xiang-gen , Xin Meng , Chen Hao , Yang Li-na , Jiang Hao-ran 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of the present study was to evaluate a novel mucoadhesive polymer extracted from Bletilla striata for ocular delivery of 0.5% levofloxacin in rabbits, and to determine its improved efficacy against experimental keratitis.

Methods
B. striata polysaccharide (BsP) was subjected to cell cytotoxicity and ferning tests. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of topically applied 0.5% levofloxacin-BsP eye drops was investigated and compared with 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops (Cravit). Experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis was induced and treated with levofloxacin or levofloxacin-BsP eye drops.

Key findings
BsP markedly increased the proliferative capacity of a human corneal endothelial cell line. The ferning test showed that BsP exhibited optimal performance as a tear fluid. The polysaccharides significantly increased intra-aqueous penetration and corneal accumulation in rabbits. Treatment with levofloxacin-BsP reduced the number of organisms more significantly than eye drops containing levofloxacin alone.

Conclusions
BsP appears to be a promising candidate as a vehicle for topical ophthalmic drug delivery, especially for antibiotics.
Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in L-1210 murine lymphoblastic leukaemia cells by (2E)-3-(2-naphthyl)-1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one
Authors: Pedrini Fernanda Spezia , Chiaradia Louise Domeneghini , Licínio Marley Aparecida , De Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello , Curta Juliana Costa , Costa Aline , Mascarello Alessandra , Creczinsky-Pasa Tânia Beatriz , Nunes Ricardo José , Yunes Rosendo Augusto , Santos-Silva Maria Cláudia 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
New compounds with biological targets and less cytotoxicity to normal cells are necessary for cancer therapy. In this work ten synthetic chalcones derived from 2-naphtaldehyde were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect in murine acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells L-1210.

Methods
A series of ten chalcones derived from 2-naphtaldehyde and corresponding acetophenones were prepared by aldolic condensation, using methanol as solvent under basic conditions, at room temperature for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by MTT colorimeter method. The cell cycle phase analysis was carried out by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. The apoptosis induction was assessed by exposure to phosphatidylserine (ANNEXIN V-FITC). Cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax protein. The caspase-3 expression was studied by immunoblotting analysis.

Key findings
A preliminary screening of a series of ten chalcones derived from 2-naphtaldehyde showed that chalcone 8, (2E)-3-(2-naphtyl)-1-(3′-methoxy-4′-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one, had the highest cytotoxic effect (IC50 of 54 µm), but not in normal human lymphocytes. To better understand the cytotoxic mechanism of chalcone 8, its effect on cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed. Our results showed that chalcone 8 caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and a significant increase in the proportion of cells in the subG0/G1 phase. Our results also demonstrated that chalcone 8 promoted a modification in Bax : Bcl-2 ratio and increased p53 expression and caspase-3 activation.

Conclusions
The studied chalcone 8 has cytotoxic effect against L-1210 lymphoblastic leukaemic cells, and this effect is associated with increase of p-53 and Bax expression.
Vasorelaxant effect of Valeriana edulis ssp. procera (Valerianaceae) and its mode of action as calcium channel blocker
Authors: Estrada-Soto Samuel , Rivera-Leyva Julio , Ramírez-Espinosa Juan José , Castillo-España Patricia , Aguirre-Crespo Francisco , Hernández-Abreu Oswaldo 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to evaluate the relaxant effect of extracts from Valeriana edulis and determine the possible mechanism of action of the hexanic extract as vasorelaxant agent.

Methods
Extracts from rhizomes obtained by maceration (hexanic (HEVe), dichloromethanic (DEVe), methanolic (MEVe) and hydroalcoholic (HAEVe) (3.03–500 µg/ml)) were evaluated on aortic rat rings with and without endothelium.

Key findings
Extracts induced a significant concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation on isolated rat aorta pre-contracted with noradrenaline (0.1 µm). HEVe, the most potent extract (0.15–50 µg/ml), induced relaxation in aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl (80 mm), with an IC50 value of 34.61 ± 1.41 µg/ml and Emax value of 85.0 ± 4.38%. Pretreatment with HEVe (30 µg/ml) also inhibited contractile responses to noradrenaline and CaCl2. HEVe (9.98 ± 2.0 µg/ml) reduced noradrenaline-induced transient contraction in Ca2+-free solution, and inhibited contraction induced by KCl (80 mm). In endothelium-denuded rings, the vasorelaxant effect of HEVe was not modified by 1-H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3a]-quinoxalin-1-one (1 µm), tetraethylammonium (5 mm), glibenclamide (10 µm) or 2-aminopyridine (100 µm).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that HEVe induces relaxation through an endothelium-independent pathway, involving blockade of Ca2+ channels, and this effect could be related to the presence of valepotriates.
Anti-inflammatory and anticancer compounds isolated fromVentilago madraspatanaGaertn.,Rubia cordifoliaLinn. andLantana camaraLinn.
Authors: Ghosh Subhalakshmi , Das Sarma Madhushree , Patra Amarendra , Hazra Banasri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to search for anti-inflammatory and anticancer compounds from three medicinal plants, viz. Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn. and Lantana camara Linn.MethodsThe NO• scavenging potential of selected plant extracts was determined on LPS/IFN-γ activated murine peritoneal macrophage cultures, and iNOS and COX-2 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Bio-assay guided fractionation yielded four compounds: physcion and emodin from V. madraspatana, 1-hydroxytectoquinone from R. cordifolia, and oleanonic acid from L. camara. The anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was tested through the carrageenan-induced rat-paw oedema model. They were then tested against a murine tumour (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma), and three human cancer cell lines, namely A375 (malignant skin melanoma), Hep2 (epidermoid laryngeal carcinoma) and U937 (lymphoma).Key findingsAll four compounds dose dependently inhibited NO• through suppression of iNOS protein without affecting macrophage viability. Physcion and emodin caused 65–68% reduction of oedema volume at 40 mg/kg, which validated their in-vivo anti-inflammatory effect. 1-hydroxytectoquinone and oleanonic acid exhibited promising cytotoxicity against A375 cells.ConclusionsEthnomedical reports on these traditional medicinal plants have been rationalised through an insight into the anti-inflammatory as well as anticancer potential of four constituents, characterised to be prospective candidates for designing novel therapeutic agents.
Towards the development of a rapid, portable, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy based cleaning verification system for the drug nelarabine
Authors: Corrigan Damion K , Salton Neale A , Preston Chris , Piletsky Sergey 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Cleaning verification is a scientific and economic problem for the pharmaceutical industry. A large amount of potential manufacturing time is lost to the process of cleaning verification. This involves the analysis of residues on spoiled manufacturing equipment, with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) being the predominantly employed analytical technique. The aim of this study was to develop a portable cleaning verification system for nelarabine using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Methods
SERS was conducted using a portable Raman spectrometer and a commercially available SERS substrate to develop a rapid and portable cleaning verification system for nelarabine. Samples of standard solutions and swab extracts were deposited onto the SERS active surfaces, allowed to dry and then subjected to spectroscopic analysis.

Key findings
Nelarabine was amenable to analysis by SERS and the necessary levels of sensitivity were achievable. It is possible to use this technology for a semi-quantitative limits test. Replicate precision, however, was poor due to the heterogeneous drying pattern of nelarabine on the SERS active surface. Understanding and improving the drying process in order to produce a consistent SERS signal for quantitative analysis is desirable.

Conclusions
This work shows the potential application of SERS for cleaning verification analysis. SERS may not replace HPLC as the definitive analytical technique, but it could be used in conjunction with HPLC so that swabbing is only carried out once the portable SERS equipment has demonstrated that the manufacturing equipment is below the threshold contamination level.
In-vitro permeation of bevacizumab through human sclera: effect of iontophoresis application
Authors: Pescina Silvia , Ferrari Giulio , Govoni Paolo , Macaluso Claudio , Padula Cristina , Santi Patrizia , Nicoli Sara 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody used in ophthalmology (off-label) for the treatment of neovascularization in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (wet form). Bevacizumab is currently administrated by repeated intravitreal injection, which can cause severe complications; a non-invasive delivery route is therefore desirable. The passive permeation of bevacizumab through isolated human sclera was evaluated and the iontophoretic technique was explored as a method to enhance its transscleral transport in vitro.

Methods
Bevacizumab was fluorescently labelled using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Permeation experiments were conducted for 2 h in Franz-type diffusion cells using human sclera as the barrier. The donor compartment contained FITC-bevacizumab (2.5 mg/ml) in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.4. In the iontophoretic experiments, a current intensity of 2.3 mA (current density 3.8 mA/cm2) was applied. The permeation samples were analysed with a fluorescence detector (excitation and emission wavelengths were 490 and 520 nm, respectively). The stability of FITC-bevacizumab conjugate was checked by thin layer chromatography.

Key findings
The main finding of this work is that anodal iontophoresis can significantly enhance bevacizumab transport through isolated human sclera (enhancement factor 7.5), even though the drug is essentially uncharged. Due to the relatively constant characteristics of antibodies, these results can probably be extended to other molecules of the same family.

Conclusions
Preliminary results indicate that anodal iontophoresis could be a promising strategy to non-invasively deliver bevacizumab through the sclera. The presence in the eye of other barriers, both static and dynamic, necessitates further evaluation of the technique on more complex ex-vivo and in-vivo models.
Bacopa monniera protects rat heart against ischaemia–reperfusion injury: role of key apoptotic regulatory proteins and enzymes
Authors: Mohanty Ipseeta Ray , Maheshwari Ujjwala , Joseph Daniel , Deshmukh Yeshwant 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Objectives
Rat isolated hearts were perfused in a Langendorff model to study the cardioprotective effects of Bacopa monniera, a medicinal herb used in the Indian system of medicine, on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and antioxidant status following ischaemia–reperfusion (I-R) injury.

Methods
Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups (12 in each group): sham group (no ischaemia–reperfusion injury), B. monniera control group (orally fed B. monniera at a dose of 75 mg/kg, for three weeks); ischaemia–reperfusion control group(subjected to ischaemia–reperfusion-induced myocardial injury) and B. monniera-treated group (same protocol as ischaemia–reperfusion control group except that rats also fed B. monniera).

Key findings
Post-ischaemic reperfusion injury resulted in significant cardiac necrosis, apoptosis, depression of heart rate, decline in antioxidant status and elevation in lipid peroxidation. Oral administration of B. monniera per se for three weeks to healthy rats caused augmentation of myocardial antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, along with induction of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Ischaemia–reperfusion-induced biochemical and histopathological perturbations were significantly prevented by B. monniera (75 mg/kg) pre-treatment. Interestingly, B. monniera also restored the antioxidant network of the myocardium and reduced myocardial apoptosis, caspase 3 and Bax protein expression.

Conclusions
Histopathological studies and myocardial creatine phosphokinase content further confirmed the cardioprotective effects of B. monniera (75 mg/kg) in the experimental model of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. The study provides scientific basis for the putative therapeutic effect of B. monniera in ischaemic heart disease.
Improving XML search by generating and utilizing informative result snippets
Authors: Liu Ziyang , Huang Yu , Chen Yi 
Published: August 2010

Snippets are used by almost every text search engine to complement the ranking scheme in order to effectively handle user searches, which are inherently ambiguous and whose relevance semantics are difficult to assess. Despite the fact that XML is a standard representation format of Web data, research on generating result snippets for XML search remains limited.
To tackle this important yet open problem, in this article, we present a system eXtract which generates snippets for XML search results. We identify that a good XML result snippet should be a meaningful information unit of a small size that effectively summarizes this query result and differentiates it from others, according to which users can quickly assess the relevance of the query result. We have designed and implemented a novel algorithm to satisfy these requirements. Furthermore, we propose to cluster the query results based on their snippets. Since XML result clustering can only be done at query time, snippet-based clustering significantly improves the efficiency while compromising little clustering accuracy. We verified the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach through experiments.