bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of growth parameters on the formation of three‐dimensional InAs islands on (001) silicon substrate
Authors: Lim J. Y. , Song J. D. , Choi W. J. , Yang H. S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to find optimal conditions for the growth of three‐dimensional (3D) InAs islands on (2 × 1) (001) Si substrate using modified Stranski–Krastanow (S–K) method. From the analysis of atomic‐force‐microscopy (AFM) images and reflection‐high‐energy‐electron‐diffraction (RHEED) patterns, we have found that InAs islands can be grown on Si when the growth temperature is in the range of 370–430 °C and also when In‐injection of more than three periods is used. At the growth temperature of 390 °C and In‐injection of four periods, uniform distribution of islands with the highest density of about 600 /µm2 were obtained. The average width and height of these islands were 36.1 ± 9.2 nm and 6.2 ± 2.0 nm, respectively.
Mass spectrometry of hyper‐velocity impacts of organic micrograins
Authors: Srama Ralf , Woiwode Wolfgang , Postberg Frank , Armes Steven P. , Fujii Syuji , Dupin Damien , Ormond‐Prout Jonathan , Sternovsky Zoltan , Kempf Sascha , Moragas‐Klostermeyer Georg , Mocker Anna , Grün Eberhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe study of hyper‐velocity impacts of micrometeoroids is important for the calibration of dust sensors in space applications. For this purpose, submicron‐sized synthetic dust grains comprising either polystyrene or poly[bis(4‐vinylthiophenyl)sulfide] were coated with an ultrathin overlayer of an electrically conductive organic polymer (either polypyrrole or polyaniline) and were accelerated to speeds between 3 and 35 km s−1 using the Heidelberg Dust Accelerator facility. Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was applied to analyse the resulting ionic impact plasma using a newly developed Large Area Mass Analyser (LAMA). Depending on the projectile type and the impact speed, both aliphatic and aromatic molecular ions and cluster species were identified in the mass spectra with masses up to 400 u. Clusters resulting from the target material (silver) and mixed clusters of target and projectile species were also observed. Impact velocities of between 10 and 35 km s−1 are suitable for a principal identification of organic materials in micrometeoroids, whereas impact speeds below ∼10 km s−1 allow for an even more detailed analysis. Molecular ions and fragments reflect components of the parent molecule, providing determination of even complex organic molecules embedded in a dust grain. In contrast to previous measurements with the Cosmic Dust Analyser instrument, the employed LAMA instrument has a seven times higher mass resolution – approximately 200 – which allowed for a detailed analysis of the complex mass spectra. These fundamental studies are expected to enhance our understanding of cometary, interplanetary and interstellar dust grains, which travel at similar hyper‐velocities and are known to contain both aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient mining of distance‐based subspace clusters
Authors: Liu Guimei , Sim Kelvin , Li Jinyan , Wong Limsoon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTraditional similarity measurements often become meaningless when dimensions of datasets increase. Subspace clustering has been proposed to find clusters embedded in subspaces of high‐dimensional datasets. Many existing algorithms use a grid‐based approach to partition the data space into nonoverlapping rectangle cells, and then identify connected dense cells as clusters. The rigid boundaries of the grid‐based approach may cause a real cluster to be divided into several small clusters. In this paper, we propose to use a sliding‐window approach to partition the dimensions to preserve significant clusters. We call this model nCluster model. The sliding‐window approach generates more bins than the grid‐based approach, thus it incurs higher mining cost. We develop a deterministic algorithm, called MaxnCluster, to mine nClusters efficiently. MaxnCluster uses several techniques to speed up the mining, and it produces only maximal nClusters to reduce result size. Non‐maximal nClusters are pruned without the need of storing the discovered nClusters in the memory, which is key to the efficiency of MaxnCluster. Our experiment results show that (i) the nCluster model can indeed preserve clusters that are shattered by the grid‐based approach on synthetic datasets; (ii) the nCluster model produces more significant clusters than the grid‐based approach on two real gene expression datasets and (iii) MaxnCluster is efficient in mining maximal nClusters. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 427‐444, 2009
Transport Gap of Nanoparticle‐Passivated Silicon Substrates
Authors: Ghosh Batu , Das Bikas C. , Pal Amlan J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe transport gap of nanoparticle‐passivated Si substrates is measured by scanning tunneling microscopy. Passivation is achieved using a monolayer of CdSe nanoparticles. It is shown that the transport gap and conduction‐band edge of the system change upon passivation. The size of the nanoparticles that passivate the Si substrate is varied to study its effect on the transport gap of the system. Plots of the tunneling current versus voltage show that the transport gap of the system can be tuned by the binding of just a monolayer of suitable nanoparticles. From the normalized density of states, it is shown that the conduction‐band edge of the system responds to the size of the nanoparticles. Here, a monolayer of the nanoparticles, which were capped with suitable functional groups, has been formed via electrostatic adsorption with the substrate.
Gold Nanoparticles Capped with Polyethyleneimine for Enhanced siRNA Delivery
Authors: Song Wen‐Jing , Du Jin‐Zhi , Sun Tian‐Meng , Zhang Pei‐Zhuo , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn efficient and safe delivery system for small interfering RNA (siRNA) is required for clinical application of RNA interfering therapeutics. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are successfully manufactured using PEI as the reductant and stabilizer, which bind siRNA at an appropriate weight ratio by electrostatic interaction and result in well‐dispersed nanoparticles with uniform structure and narrow size distribution. With siRNA binding, PEI‐capped AuNPs induce more significant and enhanced reduction in targeted green fluorescent protein expression in MDA‐MB‐435s cells, though more internalized PEI/siRNA complexes in cells are evidenced by confocal laser scanning microscopy observation and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analyses. PEI‐capped AuNPs/siRNA targeting endogenous cell‐cycle kinase, an oncogene polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1), display significant gene expression knockdown and induce enhanced cell apoptosis, whereas it is not obvious when the cells are treated with PLK1 siRNA using PEI as the carrier. Without exhibiting cellular toxicity, PEI‐capped AuNPs appear to be suitable as a potential carrier for intracellular siRNA delivery.
Drama activities as ideational resources for primary‐grade children in urban science classrooms
Authors: Varelas Maria , Pappas Christine C. , Tucker‐Raymond Eli , Kane Justine , Hankes Jennifer , Ortiz Ibett , Keblawe‐Shamah Neveen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study we explored how dramatic enactments of scientific phenomena and concepts mediate children's learning of scientific meanings along material, social, and representational dimensions. These drama activities were part of two integrated science‐literacy units, Matter and Forest, which we developed and implemented in six urban primary‐school (grades 1st–3rd) classrooms. We examine and discuss the possibilities and challenges that arise as children and teachers engaged in scientific knowing through such experiences. We use Halliday's (1978. Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press) three metafunctions of communicative activity—ideational, interpersonal, and textual—to map out the place of the multimodal drama genre in elementary urban school science classrooms of young children. As the children talked, moved, gestured, and positioned themselves in space, they constructed and shared meanings with their peers and their teachers as they enacted their roles. Through their bodies they negotiated ambiguity and re‐articulated understandings, thus marking this embodied meaning making as a powerful way to engage with science. Furthermore, children's whole bodies became central, explicit tools used to accomplish the goal of representing this imaginary scientific world, as their teachers helped them differentiate it from the real world of the model they were enacting. Their bodies operated on multiple mediated levels: as material objects that moved through space, as social objects that negotiated classroom relationships and rules, and as metaphorical entities that stood for water molecules in different states of matter or for plants, animals, or non‐living entities in a forest food web. Children simultaneously negotiated meanings across all of these levels, and in doing so, acted out improvisational drama as they thought and talked science. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 302–325, 2010
Teaching about ethics through socioscientific issues in physics and chemistry: Teacher candidates' beliefs
Authors: Barrett Sarah Elizabeth , Nieswandt Martina 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative study was to identify and explain the origins of physics and chemistry teacher candidates' beliefs about teaching about ethics through socioscientific issues (SSI). This study utilized a series of in‐depth interviews, while the participants (n = 12) were enrolled in a 9‐month teacher education program at an urban university in Canada. Our data analysis revealed that beliefs about teaching physics and chemistry using SSI derive from a complex web of fundamental beliefs exemplified by four archetypes representing the subject‐specific identities of our teacher candidates—Model Scientist/Engineer, Model Individual, Model Teacher, and Model Citizen. Furthermore, we found that the justification for belief change required by a particular teacher candidate depends on these subject‐discipline identities. Thus, the presence of each archetype in preservice classrooms has ramifications for the way a teacher educator should encourage his or her students to include SSI in their teaching. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 380–401, 2010
Lower bounds on lengths of checking sequences
Authors: Jourdan Guy-Vincent , Ural Hasan , Yenigün Hüsnü , Zhang Ji Chao 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Lower bounds on the lengths of checking sequences constructed for testing from Finite State Machine-based specifications are established. These bounds consider the case where a distinguishing sequence is used in forming state recognition and transition verification subsequences and identify the effects of overlapping among such subsequences. Empirical results show that the existing methods for construction of checking sequences provide checking sequences with lengths that are within acceptable distance to these lower bounds.
Profiles of motivations for alcohol use and sexual behavior among first‐year university students☆
Authors: Patrick Megan E. , Maggs Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe links between motivations for alcohol use and for sexual behaviors are not well understood. Latent profile analysis was used to identify drinking motivational profiles (based on motivations for: fun/social, relaxation/coping, image, sex; motivations against: physical, behavioral) and sex motivational profiles (motivations for: enhancement, intimacy, coping; motivations against: not ready, health, values) among college students (N= 227, 51% male). Latent profiles for drinking were: low for/high against drinking (34%), average drinking motives (53%), and high for/low against drinking (13%). Profiles for sex were: low for/high against sex (35%), high for/low against sex (42%), and high for with coping/moderate against sex (23%). Motivational profiles were related across behaviors. Drinking motivational profiles were associated with alcohol use and psychosocial adjustment; sex motivational profiles were associated with sexual experiences. Distinct profiles of motivations support the need for differentiated intervention programs targeting individuals with different patterns of reasons for engaging in risk behaviors during late adolescence.
Efficient mapping of a female sterile gene in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)
Authors: DOU BINGDE , HOU BEIWEI , XU HAIMING , LOU XIANGYANG , CHI XIAOFEI , YANG JINBIN , WANG FANG , NI ZHONGFU , SUN QIXIN 
Published: November 2009

SummaryStudies on inheritance of fertility are of great importance in wheat breeding. Although substantial progress has been achieved in molecular characterization of male sterility and fertility restoration recently, little effort has been devoted to female sterility. To identify the gene(s) controlling female sterility in wheat efficiently, an investigation was conducted for the seed setting ratio using a set of F2populations derived from the cross between a female sterile line XND126 and an elite cultivar Gaocheng 8901. Bulked segregation analysis (BSA) method and recessive class approach were adopted to screen for SSR markers potentially linked to female fertility gene loci in 2005. Out of 1080 SSRs in wheat genome, eight markers on chromosome 2D showed a clear difference between two disparate bulks and small recombination frequency values, suggesting a strong linkage signal to the sterility gene. Based on the candidate linked markers, partial linkage maps were constructed with Mapmaker 3.0 (EXP) instead of whole genome maps, and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was implemented with software QTLNetwork 2.0. A major gene locus designated astaf1, was located on chromosome 2DS. The above result was confirmed by the analysis for 2007 data, andtaf1 was identified on the same chromosome 2DS with a confidence interval of 2·4 cM, which could explain 44·99% of phenotypic variation. These results provided fundamental information for fine mapping studies and laid the groundwork for wheat fertility genetic studies.
On Variations in size of the Nematode Worm Rhabditis succaris n. sp., produced by Different Culture Media
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: November 2009

(1) During the routine examination of the fauna of samples of clinker removed from the filter beds of Brent Sewage Farm several species of Rhabdilis were met with, one at least of which cannot be relegated to any species as yet described. A new species is therefore suggested for its reception and the name succaris has been given to suggest its origin from the sewage farm.(2) An account is given of its structure. While being typical for the genus, the lips and bursal rays do not agree with any known species.(3) Two distinct strains were reared by means of different culture media, differing quite definitely in length. A thousand worms were measured and these differences were found to remain very constant. The relative measurements have not been materially altered.(4) The length of the large worms has been diminished by means of a return to the original food.(5) The cultivated strain shows greater variability than the original strain.(6) Two graphs and a table summarising the results are shown.
On the Prophylactic Action of Vitamin A in Helminthiasis
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: November 2009

(1) Experiments have been conducted to investigate the part played by Vitamin A in the prophylaxis of helminthiasis.Heterakis gallinæin the chicken andParascaris equorumin albino rats were used.(2) The evidence tends to show that in Heterakis infestation the vitamin content of the diet has no effect on the course of the infestation. In Ascariasis in rats, however, the vitamin affects significantly the hatching, survival and rate of development of the larvae within the host.(3) The writer can put forward no reason for this difference except to suggest that it may lie in. the life history of the parasites. Considering her own results and those of previous workers as cited in the introductory part of this paper, it seems obvious that the vitamin is effective in cases where the parasite comes into close contact with the host tissues.(4) Some notes on the viability of eggs are added.
What is Cephalobus parasiticus Sandground 1939 ?
Authors: Goodey T. 
Published: November 2009

Cephalobus parasiticus Sandground, 1939, reported from the stomachs of monkeys, is shown to resemble the sour paste eelworm, Turbatrix rediviva, so closely as to be identical with it.It is suggested that the monkeys probably acquired the nematodes by consuming fruit, or some other vegetable substance, on which the worms were living saprophagously; having been brought to the food by visiting flies.
Single versus Multiple Doses of Phenothiazine in Lambs
Authors: Peters B. G. , Leiper J. W. G. 
Published: November 2009

The earlier work of this Institute on phenothiazine in lambs (Peters et al, 1941; J. Leiper et al, 1941) using egg-counts, worm-counts, and lamb-weights as criteria of anthelmintic efficacy, has revealed conflicting results as between one criterion and another. Thus, the lowest dosage rate used (0·15 gm. per Kg.) led to a reduction in the egg-count, whilst even the highest rate (1 gm. per Kg.) led to no reduction in the worm-count: by an irony of chance the worm-counts were lowest in the untreated controls in both experiments. In the first experiment weights were not affected by the drug, and in the second the only significant effect was a set-back in those lambs given tablets. Numerous other workers have reported increased weights due to the drug, in long-term experiments; ours were too short in duration to show such increases, yet the danger of reinfestation precluded any extension of the time, the lambs being kept outside on infective pastures. The most obvious explanation of the egg- and worm-count results appears to be that the drug has a temporary inhibiting effect on egg-laying, which would presumably return to normal in a few weeks; but here again a prolonged experiment increases the liability to reinfestation.These being the relevant circumstances, the present experiment was designed to take account of them in the following ways. In the first place the lambs were kept inside throughout the experiment, their stalls being cleaned out thoroughly twice a week to obviate reinfestation.
An Alien Weed Host of Heterodera rostochiensis in England
Authors: Bates G. H. 
Published: November 2009

Many crops of carrots grown in gardens and on a field scale, during the War, have been infested with a weed which bears a resemblance to Solanum nigrum. It has been identified as Solanum sarachoides Sendtner. The plant is a native of Temperate and Sub-temperate South America. The carrot seeds containing this impurity are said to be of Californian origin.The plant possesses oval leaves, slightly more wavy than those of British specimens of S. nigrum. They are smooth and dark green in colour, but the stems are covered with short hairs. The habit is procumbent to prostrate and the weed creeps extensively through the dense foliage of the carrot crop. The inflorescences are borne laterally and display minute white flowers. Dark green berries are produced in great profusion each containing about 25 seeds. There is evidence that the plant is becoming established on light soils, in the market gardening districts of Staffordshire, and it is doubtless localised elsewhere.It was noted that where the weed was growing adjacent to plots of potatoes affected with blight (Phytophthora infestans), that its leaves were also attacked. The lesions resembled those of potato blight and the identity of the fungus was confirmed by Mr. N. C. Preston, of Harper Adams Agricultural College.
Observations on a case of Endogenous Budding in Cysticercus tenuicollis Rudolphi
Authors: Crusz Hilary 
Published: November 2009

A specimen of Cysticercus tenuicollis is described, which contained many daughter cysts in various stages of development. One of these cysts was a well developed daughter cysticercus.The daughter cysts at all stages of development, are lined internally by a distinct cuticle, and have no scolices. The daughter cysticercus, like the parent bladder, has an outer cuticle and a well developed scolex and receptacular appendage.There is evidence for regarding the daughter cysticercus as having been formed from a daughter cyst by a process of evagination of the latter in such a way that the cuticle has come to lie on the outside, rather than by a process of vesiculation of a scolex.The daughter cysts appear to be homologous with the brood-capsules of Echinococcus. They are not strictly homologous with daughter hydatids or daughter coenuri.
On a New Trematode Allechinostomum renale sp. nov. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidæ), from Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Authors: Yeh L. S. 
Published: November 2009

An echinostome obtained from the kidney of the North American White Pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos is described as a new species, Allechinostomum renale.Allechinostomum is regarded as a valid genus.A differential key to the four-known species of the genus is appended.
On Some Helminth Parasites of the Otter,Lutra lutra
Authors: Fahmy M. A. M. 
Published: November 2009

Four species of helminths, two Trematoda and two Cestoda, were collected post-mortem from an otter (Lutra lutra) killed in the suburbs of Edinburgh.Plagiorchis (Multiglandularis) lutraen. sp. was recovered from the small intestine. This is the first record ofPlagiorchissp. from an otter.Cryptocotyle lingua(Creplin, 1825), 38 specimens, was recovered from the anterior and middle thirds of the small intestine. This is the first record ofC. linguafrom an otter.Dibothriocephalus mediusn. sp., a single specimen, was recovered from the small intestine. This is the first record ofDibothriocephalussp. from an otter.Schistocephalus solidus(Muller, 1776), four specimens, was recovered from the small intestine. This is the second record ofSchistocephalussp. from an otter and the first record of its occurrence in this host in Britain.
Some Observations on the Worm Egg Counts of Scottish Hill Lambs
Authors: Parnell I. W. , Rayski C. , Dunn A. M. , Mackintosh G. M. 
Published: November 2009

Worm egg counts have shown that after the end of June infestations of pathogenic significance occur in a considerable percentage of Scottish hill lambs. On the West Coast, however, heavy infestations do not occur until August, when the egg counts in other areas are rising again after falling for a few weeks in July.Identification of larvae from faeces cultures confirm that Ostertagia spp. are the first cause of high worm egg counts, followed in August by Trichostrongylus spp., then by H. contortus and C. ovina, and finally by B. trigonocephalum. Nematodirus spp. may be sufficiently numerous in a few districts to be of pathogenic importance in June and July.
Three New Species of the Genus Neodiplostomum Railliet, 1919, from Central African Birds of Prey, with a note on Neodiplostomum canaliculatum (Nicoll, 1914) Dubois, 1937
Authors: Bisseru B. 
Published: November 2009

Three new species of the genus Neodiplostomum Railliet, 1919 (Subgenus Neodiplostomum, Dubois, 1937) are described from avian hosts in Central Africa. They are N. (N.) berghaani from Terathopius ecaudata, N. (N.) prudhoei from Cuncuma vocifer vocifer and N. (N.) pseudogypsis from Pseudogyps africanus.A note is added on Neodiplostomum canaliculatum (Nicoll, 1914) Dubois, 1937.