bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma with loco‐regional nodal metastases: insights from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration
Authors: Youssef Ramy F. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Lotan Yair , Wood Christopher G. , Sagalowsky Arthur I. , Zigeuner Richard , Kikuchi Eiji , Weizer Alon , Raman Jay D. , Remzi Mesut , Kabbani Wareef , Langner Cord , Guo Charles C. , Roscigno Marco , Montorsi Francesco , Bolenz Christian , Kassouf Wassim , Margulis Vitaly 
Published: February 2011

Study Type – Therapy (multi‐insititutional cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers survival benefits for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. However, it is still underutilized in the ‘biologically similar’ upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Systemic chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant setting is a more attractive option, as loss of renal function after nephrectomy can complicate the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. We found that preoperative systemic therapy followed by aggressive surgical debulking is a promising treatment strategy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients with known or at risk of loco‐regional nodal metastasis.OBJECTIVE• To describe a multicentre experience with preoperative platinum‐based chemotherapy before radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) with loco‐regional nodal metastases.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We identified 313 patients from the UTUC Collaboration (over 1200 patients), who underwent RNU with concomitant retroperitoneal lymph node dissection between 1990 and 2007 and met the inclusion criteria for one of three groups.• Group 1 comprised patients who received chemotherapy before RNU because of biopsy‐proven loco‐regional nodal metastases.• Group 2 consisted of patients who underwent primary RNU and were found to have metastatic nodal disease on final pathological review (node‐positive).• Group 3 comprised a comparative cohort of patients treated with primary RNU for invasive or locally advanced (pT2/pT4) node‐negative (N0) UTUC.RESULTS• Groups 1, 2 and 3 included 18, 120 and 175 patients, respectively. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 49%, 30% and 64%, whereas the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rates were 44%, 36% and 69% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively.• In group 1, on final pathological evaluation, nine patients were pN0, six patients were pT0 and five patients had pT0N0 disease. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed similar recurrence and survival rates in group 1 compared with group 3 (P= 0.14 and P= 0.06, respectively).• Meanwhile, group 2 had significantly lower disease‐free and cancer‐specific survival rates compared with group 3 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and compared with group 1 (P= 0.04 and P= 0.06, respectively).CONCLUSIONS• Preoperative chemotherapy followed by aggressive surgical consolidation may yield favourable oncological outcomes in patients with UTUC with loco‐regional nodal metastases.• These data support further evaluation of neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients at risk for locally advanced UTUC.
New Zealand general practice nurses' roles in mental health care
Authors: McKinlay E. , Garrett S. , McBain L. , Dowell T. , Collings S. , Stanley J. 
Published: February 2011

MCKINLAY E., GARRETT S., MCBAIN L., DOWELL T., COLLINGS S., & STANLEY J. (2011) New Zealand general practice nurses' roles in mental health care. International Nursing Review58, 225–233Aim:  To examine the roles of nurses in general practice interdisciplinary teams caring for people with mild to moderate mental health conditions.Background:  Supporting mental health and well‐being is an important aspect of primary care. Until now nurses in general practice settings have had variable roles in providing mental health care. The New Zealand Primary Mental Health Initiatives are 26 government‐funded, time‐limited projects using different service delivery models.Methods:  An analysis was undertaken of a qualitative data set of interviews, which included commentary about nurses mental health work collected from the different project stakeholders throughout a 29‐month external evaluation.Findings:  Two main groups of roles for nurses within the general practice interdisciplinary team were identified: specialist mental health nurses working in newly created roles and practice nurses working in existing roles. Barriers exist to the development of the latter roles.Conclusions:  Mental health care is a key role in general practice as this is where people frequently present. Internationally, nurses represent a large workforce with the potential to provide effective mental health care. This study found that attitudinal, structural and professional barriers are restricting New Zealand practice nurse role development in the care of those with mild to moderate mental health conditions. There is potential to develop their role within a structured pathway by workforce development and recognition of the value of interdisciplinary care. Given the shortage of mental health professionals this will be an important aspect of the improvement of primary mental health care.
THE FORMATION OF INFLATION PERCEPTIONS: SOME EMPIRICAL FACTS FOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Lein Sarah M. , Maag Thomas 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates how households form their perceptions of consumer price inflation. Using data from the harmonized European Union consumer survey, we find that inflation perceptions are inefficient and highly heterogeneous, yet contemporaneously related to the actual rate of inflation. Consequently, we estimate how often households update their beliefs usingCarroll's (2003)epidemiological model. Our results indicate that inflation perceptions are generally less responsive to new information than expectations. Unlike studies on expectations, we cannot confirm that a constant fraction of the population updates information every month. Also, the cross‐sectional heterogeneity of perceptions is higher than implied by infrequent updating alone.
DOES THE ECB HAVE A TIME‐INCONSISTENCY PROBLEM? A NOTE
Authors: Pierdzioch Christian , Stadtmann Georg 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTA standard time‐inconsistency model of monetary policy, extended to include a time‐varying natural rate of unemployment, implies cointegration between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate. An application of the model to data for the EMU countries does not yield strong evidence of cointegration. In addition, the sign of the estimated coefficient of cointegration is not in line with a sign restriction imposed by the time‐inconsistency model.
DOES SIZE MATTER? THE INFLUENCE OF FIRM SIZE ON WORKING CONDITIONS, JOB SATISFACTION AND QUIT INTENTIONS
Authors: García‐Serrano Carlos 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTUsing a detailed survey on Spanish workers, this paper investigates the relationship between firm size and working conditions, the extent to which firm size differences in workers' job satisfaction can be accounted for by differences in their work environment and the impact of firm size on workers' quit intentions. The results indicate that: (1) employees in larger firms face a worse work environment; (2) working in large firms significantly reduces job satisfaction when no controls for working conditions are included, but taking them into account makes differentials across size categories statistically insignificant; and (3) no systematic differences exist in intentions to quit across firm size categories, irrespective of conditioning on wages.
DELAYED OVERSHOOTING AND REAL EXCHANGE RATE PERSISTENCE IN AN IMPERFECT INFORMATION MODEL
Authors: Hoffmann Mathias , Søndergaard Jens , Westelius Niklas J. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTRecent studies have pointed out that monetary shocks in sticky price models cannot generate real exchange rates that exhibit delayed overshooting and are highly persistent. This paper demonstrates that such exchange rate dynamics can be generated by incorporating incomplete information about the true nature of the monetary shock into a standard New Keynesian model of a small open economy.
Defending the boundaries of science: AIDS denialism, peer review and the Medical Hypotheses saga
Authors: Nattrass Nicoli 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the boundary work undertaken by HIV scientists and activists against the journal Medical Hypotheses over its lack of peer review. Their action was sparked by the publication of an article by Peter Duesberg claiming that HIV does not cause AIDS and that antiretrovirals do more harm than good. Precisely because such ‘AIDS denialism’ can undermine HIV prevention and treatment interventions, as was demonstrably the case in South Africa under President Mbeki, the episode raised questions about when, in the interests of public health, the boundaries of legitimate scientific debate may be drawn to exclude unreasonable and unscholarly arguments. The paper argues that normative concerns motivated the complaints which resulted in the publisher withdrawing Duesberg’s paper and imposing editorial policy changes on Medical Hypotheses. Concerns were raised about the implications for academic freedom of this boundary work in defence of peer review as a core practice in science. The paper concludes, however, that Duesberg’s freedom to write what he likes remains intact, but that if he wants his work to carry the imprimatur of science, he now has to subject it to peer review.
Modernisation as a professionalising strategy: the case of critical care in England
Authors: Green Judith , Durand Mary Alison , Hutchings Andrew , Black Nick 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThere has been broad agreement about how to characterise the processes of ‘modernisation’ of the public sector in welfare societies, but rather less consensus on the impact of this modernisation on professionals. This paper takes critical care in England as a case study to explore how professionals in one setting account for the changes associated with modernisation. In contrast to reports from other arenas, critical care professionals were positive about the processes and outcomes of ‘modernisation’ in general, and there was a surprising lack of nostalgia in their accounts of organisational changes. However, joking comments suggested considerable scepticism about the initiatives explicitly associated with the national organisation that was charged with ‘modernising’ critical care, the Modernisation Agency. We suggest that the relative optimism of staff is in part explained by historical and political contingencies which meant that critical care, as a relatively new clinical specialty, benefited in tangible ways from modernisation. Further, all staff groups were able to attribute gains, rather than losses, in autonomy and authority to the modernisation of critical care. Their accounts suggest that modernisation can be a professionalising strategy, with responses to change being neither resistant nor compliant, but sceptically strategic.
A workforce design model: providing energy to organizations in transition
Authors: Halm Barry J. 
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the change in performance realized by a professional services organization, which resulted in the Life Giving Workforce Design (LGWD) model through a grounded theory research design. This study produced a workforce design model characterized as an organizational blueprint that provides virtuous values to an open system in such a way to generate boundless energy to coordinate, motivate and stimulate human capital in accomplishing organizational objectives. The model represents an organizational strategy and structure that builds upon four primary disciplines – liberating leadership, authentic engagement, appreciative culture and sustainable systems – and encompasses each discipline's corresponding operational practices. The operational practices were formulated to operationalize the model and to provide specific actionable tasks that would be meaningful to managerial practitioners. The potential utility and adaptability of the LGWD model and its related practices provides an organizational configuration maximizing the proficient use of human capital in the advancement of managerial objectives.The LGWD suggests that a collaborative correlation of the four disciplines, through the activation of operational practices, assists in the creation of a workforce that is self‐engaging and an organization that is effective, productive, and successful. The main conclusions of this study are that specific organizational characteristics and conditions inspire human capital to flourish and contribute in organizational effectiveness. The model advocates that effective and efficient use of human capital is a prerequisite to improving corporate performance as measured by enhanced revenues, increased operating profits, improved employee retention, and superior client relations.
Constructing rapid transformation: sustaining high performance and a new view of organization change
Authors: Wolf Jason A. 
Published: February 2011

The focus of this issue of the IJTD on organization development reinforces the importance of a continuing exploration of change. This is even more significant when considering that change is not only unavoidable but is also occurring with greater speed. Models of planned change may no longer be sufficient to address the needs of today's organizations.Through an exploration of what supports and sustains high performance in health‐care organizations, the researcher made an unanticipated discovery. In following a process of generative theory development, a new perspective of how to engage and lead change in organizations emerged. Taking a constructionist view of change and focusing on an appreciative perspective of releasing energy in inquiry has led to the researcher proposing a model of rapid transformation. The model suggests an opportunity to change the way in which change itself is led. It offers an alternative view in which declaration through discourse, generation through inquiry and action through engagement lead to an upward spiral of opportunity. It is this opportunity for continuous and transformational change in organizations in which rapid transformation becomes possible.
The Bones of the Body Politic: Thoughts on the Savorgnan de Brazza Mausoleum
Authors: BAZENGUISSA‐GANGA RÉMY 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis essay examines three examples of political treatment of the dead (specifically their bones) in the Republic of the Congo: the return of the remains of its capital's founder, Savorgnan de Brazza; the disappearance of the body of André Matswa, hailed by the people as their messianic ‘saviour’ guardian; and finally, the treatment of unidentified victims of the various armed conflicts that occurred during the years 1990–2002. These events can be analysed through the prism of two different historical perspectives: in terms of the moyenne durée, the treatment of Matswa's bones paved the way for the subsequent occurrences by creating a precedent; in the context of the ‘present of history’, the construction of a Brazza mausoleum is contemporaneous with official denial of the presence of human remains scattered across the capital city of Brazzaville as a result of armed conflicts. The comparative analysis of these historical configurations posits a set of circumstances whereby the bones become a symbolic buttress of the capital. The historical puzzle here is to understand how that which came together in claiming Matswa's bones becomes, in the context of democratization of the regime, an aesthetic sense of the ‘beauty of death’ as expressed by people when they see the shrine as their country's finest architectural accomplishment. Through the splendour of the monument, this aesthetic sense articulates the denial of the presence of the nameless dead.Résumé L'auteur examine trois types de traitement politique des morts (en particulier leurs os) dans l'ordre républicain congolais : le retour des ossements du fondateur de sa capitale, Savorgnan de Brazza, la disparition du corps d'André Matswa, Sauveur messianique tutélaire institué par les gouvernés et, enfin, les dépouilles des anonymes de différents conflits armés durant les années 1990–2002. Deux configurations historiques rendent intelligibles ces pratiques : lorsqu'il est analysé dans la moyenne durée, le traitement des os du Sauveur inaugure et fonde les autres occurrences et en assure la reproduction. Dans le présent de l'histoire, la construction du mausolée est contemporaine de la dénégation officielle de la présence d'os disséminés dans la ville lors des conflits armés. L'analyse comparative de ces configurations historiques reconstruit le dispositif par lequel les os constituent une des armatures symboliques de Brazzaville, la capitale. L'énigme historique consiste ici à comprendre comment ce qui s'est noué lors de la réclamation des os du Sauveur acquiert, dans le cadre de la démocratisation du régime, un sens esthétique de «beauté du mort» que les habitants expriment lorsqu'ils considèrent le mausolée comme la plus belle prouesse architecturale du pays. Ce sens esthétique articule, à travers l'éclat du monument, la dénégation de la présence des morts anonymes.
Slumdog Cities: Rethinking Subaltern Urbanism
Authors: ROY ANANYA 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article is an intervention in the epistemologies and methodologies of urban studies. It seeks to understand and transform the ways in which the cities of the global South are studied and represented in urban research, and to some extent in popular discourse. As such, the article is primarily concerned with a formation of ideas —‘subaltern urbanism’— which undertakes the theorization of the megacity and its subaltern spaces and subaltern classes. Of these, the ubiquitous ‘slum’ is the most prominent. Writing against apocalyptic and dystopian narratives of the slum, subaltern urbanism provides accounts of the slum as a terrain of habitation, livelihood, self‐organization and politics. This is a vital and even radical challenge to dominant narratives of the megacity. However, this article is concerned with the limits of and alternatives to subaltern urbanism. It thus highlights emergent analytical strategies, utilizing theoretical categories that transcend the familiar metonyms of underdevelopment such as the megacity, the slum, mass politics and the habitus of the dispossessed. Instead, four categories are discussed — peripheries, urban informality, zones of exception and gray spaces. Informed by the urbanism of the global South, these categories break with ontological and topological understandings of subaltern subjects and subaltern spaces.Résumé Intervenant sur les aspects épistémologiques et méthodologiques des études urbaines, cet article cherche à comprendre et à modifier les modalités d'analyse et de représentation des villes des pays du Sud dans la recherche urbaine et, jusqu'à un certain point, dans le discours populaire. Pour ce faire, l'attention est portée sur une formation d'idées, ‘l'urbanisme subalterne', qui vise la conceptualisation de la ‘mégacité', avec ses espaces subalternes et ses classes subalternes. Parmi ceux‐ci, le ‘taudis' (slum) omniprésent est le plus saillant. Contredisant les textes apocalyptiques et dystopiques sur ce lieu, l'urbanisme subalterne apporte des récits du taudis vu comme un cadre d'habitation, de source de revenu, d'auto‐organisation et de réflexion politique. Les écrits explicatifs dominants sur la mégacité sont ainsi mis en question de façon cruciale, voire radicale. Toutefois, l'article s'intéresse aux limites de l'urbanisme subalterne et à ses alternatives. Il met donc en avant des stratégies analytiques nouvelles, avec des catégories théoriques qui transcendent les métonymes habituels du sous‐développement comme mégacité, taudis, politique de masse et habitus des défavorisés. Quatre catégories sont présentées à la place: périphéries, informalité urbaine, zones d'exception et espaces gris. Reposant sur l'urbanisme des pays du Sud, elles dérogent aux conceptions ontologiques et topologiques des sujets subalternes et des espaces subalternes.
Apologizing for Who I Am
Authors: PETTIGROVE GLEN , COLLINS JORDAN 
Published: February 2011

abstractPhilosophical discussions of apologies have focused on apologizing for wrong actions. Such a focus overlooks an important dimension of moral failures, namely, failures of character. However, when one attempts to revise the standard account of apology to make room for failures of character, two objections emerge. The first is rooted in the psychology of shame. The second stems from the purported social function of apologies. This paper responds to these objections and, in so doing, sheds further light both on why we apologize (when we are in the wrong) and on why we accept apologies (when others are).
Membrane cholesterol content plays a key role in the neurotoxicity of β‐amyloid: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Abramov Andrey Y. , Ionov Maksim , Pavlov Evgeny , Duchen Michael R. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryBeta amyloid (βA) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the most common and devastating neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanisms of βA neurotoxicity remain controversial, but include dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. A large body of data suggest that cholesterol plays a significant role in AD. In mixed cultures containing hippocampal neurons and astrocytes, we have shown that neurotoxic βA peptides (1–42 and 25–35) cause sporadic cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c) signals in astrocytes but not in neurons, initiating a cascade that ends in neuronal death. We now show, using the cholesterol‐sensitive fluorescent probe, Filipin, that membrane cholesterol is significantly higher in astrocytes than in neurons and mediates the selective response of astrocytes to βA. Thus, lowering [cholesterol] using mevastatin, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin or filipin prevented the βA‐induced [Ca2+]c signals, while increased membrane [cholesterol] increased βA‐induced [Ca2+]c signals in both neurons and astrocytes. Addition of βA to lipid bilayers caused the appearance of a conductance that was significantly higher in membranes containing cholesterol. Increasing membrane [cholesterol] significantly increased βA‐induced neuronal and astrocytic death. We conclude that a high membrane [cholesterol] promotes βA incorporation into membranes and increased [Ca2+]c leading to cell death.