bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility preservation in young women with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Shah Monjri , Mathew Leny , Burke William M. , Culhane Jennifer , Goldman Noah , Schiff Peter B. , Herzog Thomas J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Surgical management of ovarian cancer consists of hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. In young women, this results in the loss of reproductive function and estrogen deprivation. In the current study, the authors examined the safety of fertility‐conserving surgery in premenopausal women with epithelial ovarian cancers.METHODS:Women aged ≤50 years with stage IA or IC epithelial ovarian cancer who were registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were examined. Patients who underwent bilateral oophorectomy were compared with those who underwent ovarian conservation. A second analysis examined uterine conservation versus hysterectomy. Multivariate Poisson regression models were developed to describe predictors of fertility preservation. Survival was examined using Cox proportional hazards models and the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS:In total, 1186 women, including 754 women (64%) who underwent bilateral oophorectomy and 432 women (36%) who underwent ovarian preservation, were identified. Younger age, later year of diagnosis, and residence in the eastern or western United States were associated with ovarian preservation (P < .05 for all). Women with endometrioid and clear cell histologies and stage IC disease were less likely to have ovarian conservation (P < .05). In a Cox model, ovarian preservation had no effect on survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39‐1.20). Young age, later year of diagnosis, residence in the eastern or western United States, single women, mucinous tumors, and patients with stage IA disease were more likely to have uterine preservation (P < .05 for all). In a multivariate model, uterine preservation had no effect on survival (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62‐1.22).CONCLUSIONS:Ovarian and uterine‐conserving surgery were safe in young women who had stage IA and IC epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Magnitude of Finite‐Nucleus‐Size Effects in Relativistic Density Functional Computations of Indirect NMR Nuclear Spin–Spin Coupling Constants
Authors: Autschbach Jochen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA spherical Gaussian nuclear charge distribution model has been implemented for spin‐free (scalar) and two‐component (spin–orbit) relativistic density functional calculations of indirect NMR nuclear spin–spin coupling (J‐coupling) constants. The finite nuclear volume effects on the hyperfine integrals are quite pronounced and as a consequence they noticeably alter coupling constants involving heavy NMR nuclei such as W, Pt, Hg, Tl, and Pb. Typically, the isotropic J‐couplings are reduced in magnitude by about 10 to 15 % for couplings between one of the heaviest NMR nuclei and a light atomic ligand, and even more so for couplings between two heavy atoms. For a subset of the systems studied, viz. the Hg atom, Hg22+, and TlX where X=Br, I, the basis set convergence of the hyperfine integrals and the coupling constants was monitored. For the Hg atom, numerical and basis set calculations of the electron density and the 1s and 6s orbital hyperfine integrals are directly compared. The coupling anisotropies of TlBr and TlI increase by about 2 % due to finite‐nucleus effects.
Numerical analysis of effects of large wood structures on channel morphology and fish habitat suitability in a Southern US sandy creek
Authors: He Zhiguo , Wu Weiming , Douglas Shields F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA depth‐averaged two‐dimensional model was applied to simulate the effect of large wood structures (LWS) on flow, sediment transport, bed change, and fish habitat in a deeply‐incised sharp bend in the Little Topashaw Creek, North Central Mississippi. The hydrodynamic simulation showed that the flow was retarded by the large wood matrices along the outer bank and accelerated in the main channel, thus causing deposition along the outer bank and erosion in the main channel, consistent with field observations. Effects on fish habitat were quantified using two approaches. Habitat evaluations using kinetic energy and circulation metrics indicated that LWS only slightly increased the diversity of physical conditions. Weighted usable areas (WUA) for two fish species, blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), were computed using hydrodynamic simulations of three discharges before and after the LWS construction and habitat preference curves for depth and velocity. The results show that the values of WUA for both fish species were increased after LWS installation at all three discharges. Application of LWS improved the quantity and quality of fish habitats. Habitat evaluations based on computation of WUA were more sensitive to the influence of LWS than metrics based on velocity gradients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grain transport mechanics in shallow overland flow
Authors: Prasad S.N. , Suryadevara Madhu R. , Römkens M.J.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA physical model based on continuum multiphase flow is described to represent saltating transport of grains in shallow overland flows. The two‐phase continuum flow of water and sediment considers coupled StVenant‐type equations. The interactive cumulative effect of grains is incorporated by a dispersive stress term. The mean fluid thrust on the particle in the saltation layer of grains is expressed in terms of a slip velocity. The continuum model leads to the unexpected, but an interesting result is that particle velocity increases with the solid concentration. This increase predicts monotonic behaviour leading to overestimates of particle velocity at higher sediment concentration. To improve the predictions, grain dynamic equations, which incorporate bed collision, are analysed. The analysis leads to an improved model for predicting saltation height. Incorporation of the results in the continuum model yields a velocity‐concentration relationship that is consistent with experimental observations for increasing concentration. Laboratory flume experiments explore the evaluation of various parameters from the measured particle velocities by photonic probes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small environmental flows, drought and the role of refugia for freshwater fish in the Macquarie Marshes, arid Australia
Authors: Rayner Thomas S. , Jenkins Kim M. , Kingsford Richard T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFish in arid‐zone rivers are dependent on waterholes for refuge during drought. In heavily regulated systems, water extraction for human use has the potential to exacerbate drought conditions and increase the reliance of fish on refugia. This study investigated this hypothesis by surveying fish communities at 25 sites in the Ramsar listed Macquarie Marshes, before and after a 23‐GL environmental flow event. Although such flows are central to restoration efforts in the Murray‐Darling Basin, limited water availability often forces water managers to make difficult triage decisions regarding which ecological assets to service. This study aimed to provide an update on the current health and status of native fish populations in the Macquarie Marshes and discuss how small flows may best be delivered to meet their ecological needs, particularly during droughts. Eight native species were collected, but they were outnumbered by three alien species by more than 3:1. Post‐flooding recruitment was observed in most species and mean species richness of sampling sites increased significantly, as fish moved out of drought refugia to utilize a more diverse array of microhabitats. This study presents a conceptual model of fish use of refugia and recommends that key low‐flow refugia be targeted for remediation efforts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory effects of IFN‐β on production of osteopontin and IL‐17 by CD4+ T Cells in MS
Authors: Chen Meiyue , Chen Guangjie , Nie Hong , Zhang Xin , Niu Xiaoyin , Zang Ying C. Q. , Skinner Sheri M. , Zhang Jingwu Z. , Killian James M. , Hong Jian 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIFN‐β currently serves as one of the major treatments for MS. Its anti‐inflammatory mechanism has been reported as involving a shift in cytokine balance from Th1 to Th2 in the T‐cell response against elements of the myelin sheath. In addition to the Th1 and Th2 groups, two other important pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐17 and osteopontin (OPN), are believed to play important roles in CNS inflammation in the pathogenesis of MS. In this study, we examined the potential effects of IFN‐β on the regulation of OPN and IL‐17 in MS patients. We found that IFN‐β used in vitro at 0.5–3 ng/mL significantly inhibited the production of OPN in primary T cells derived from PBMC. The inhibition of OPN was determined to occur at the CD4+ T‐cell level. In addition, IFN‐β inhibited the production of IL‐17 and IL‐21 in CD4+ T cells. It has been described that IFN‐β suppresses IL‐17 production through the inhibition of a monocytic cytokine, the intracellular translational isoform of OPN. Our further investigation demonstrated that IFN‐β also acted directly on the CD4+ T cells to regulate OPN and IL‐17 expression through the type I IFN receptor‐mediated activation of STAT1 and suppression of STAT3 activity. Administration of IFN‐β to EAE mice ameliorated the disease severity. Furthermore, spinal cord infiltration of OPN+ and IL‐17+ cells decreased in IFN‐β‐treated EAE mice along with decreases in serum levels of OPN and IL‐21. Importantly, decreased OPN production by IFN‐β treatment contributes to the reduced migratory activity of T cells. Taken together, the results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that IFN‐β treatment can down‐regulate the OPN and IL‐17 production in MS. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of action of IFN‐β in the treatment of MS.
2‐Benzoxazolyl‐6‐[1‐(arylimino)ethyl]pyridyliron(II) Chlorides as Ethylene Oligomerization Catalysts
Authors: Gao Rong , Li Yan , Wang Fosong , Sun Wen‐Hua , Bochmann Manfred 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA series of iron(II) dichloride complexes (Fe1–Fe7) ligated by 2‐(2‐benzoxazolyl)‐6‐[1‐(arylimino)ethyl]pyridines was synthesized and characterized [aryl = 2,6‐R12C6H3; R1 = Me (1), Et (2), iPr (3), Cl (4), Br (5); 2,6‐Me2C6H2‐4‐R2, R2 = Me (6), Br (7)]. The molecular structures of Fe1, Fe3, and Fe5 were determined by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complexes Fe1 and Fe3 both display distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal geometries, whereas complex Fe5 is a distorted square pyramid. Upon activation with modified methylaluminoxane, all iron complexes showed moderate to good activities [up to ca. 106 g(product) × (mol Fe)–1 h–1 bar–1] for the oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene, with high selectivity for vinyl‐terminated oligomers or polyethylene waxes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Aromatic Enamide/Ene Metathesis toward Substituted Indoles and Its Application to the Synthesis of Indomethacins
Authors: Kasaya Yayoi , Hoshi Kosuke , Terada Yukiyoshi , Nishida Atsushi , Shuto Satoshi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA steric and electronic effect on enamide/ene metathesis, a novel preparation of 2‐substituted indoles and 3‐substituted indoles using enamide‐ene metathesis as a key reaction, and its application to the synthesis of indomethacin are described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrocyclization‐Mediated Approach to 2‐Methyltriclisine, an Unnatural Analog of the Azafluoranthene Alkaloid Triclisine
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Larghi Enrique L. , Mendes Samuel R. , Bracca Andrea B. J. , Rinaldi Francieli , Kaufman Teodoro S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 2‐methyltriclisine, an unnatural analog of the azafluoranthene alkaloid triclisine, is reported. The synthesis was achieved in 10 steps and 21 % overall yield from 2‐bromo‐3,4‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde, through the intermediacy of 3,4‐dimethoxyfluoren‐9‐one. Construction of the heterocyclic ring entailed the para‐Claisen rearrangement of an allyl‐4‐fluorenyl ether, followed by isomerization of the resulting 2‐allylfluoren‐9‐one and a microwave‐assisted electrocyclization of the aza 6π‐electron system formed by oximation of its carbonyl function. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Initial stiffness of reinforced concrete structural walls with irregular openings
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Qin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractReinforced concrete (RC) structural walls with openings are the primary lateral‐load‐carrying elements utilized in many structures designed to resist earthquakes. A review of the technical literature shows that there is a considerable amount of uncertainty with regards to the elastic stiffness of these structures when subjected to seismic excitations. Current design practices often employ a stiffness reduction factor to deal with this uncertainty. In an attempt to develop additional information regarding the stiffness of these structures, this paper discusses an approach to determine the initial stiffness of RC structural walls with irregular openings and low aspect ratios. This approach would consider the effect of both flexural and shear deformations. As a part of this study, an analytical approach to determine stiffness was also developed and validated by comparing theoretical and experimental results obtained from six RC shear walls with irregular openings. Simple equations for assessing initial stiffness of RC structural walls with irregular openings are then proposed, based on these parametric case studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water surface mapping from airborne laser scanning using signal intensity and elevation data
Authors: Höfle Bernhard , Vetter Michael , Pfeifer Norbert , Mandlburger Gottfried , Stötter Johann 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn recent years airborne laser scanning (ALS) evolved into a state‐of‐the‐art technology for topographic data acquisition. We present a novel, automatic method for water surface classification and delineation by combining the geometrical and signal intensity information provided by ALS. The reflection characteristics of water surfaces in the near‐infrared wavelength (1064 nm) of the ALS system along with the surface roughness information provide the basis for the differentiation between water and land areas. Water areas are characterized by a high number of laser shot dropouts and predominant low backscatter energy. In a preprocessing step, the recorded intensities are corrected for spherical loss and atmospheric attenuation, and the locations of laser shot dropouts are modeled. A seeded region growing segmentation, applied to the point cloud and the modeled dropouts, is used to detect potential water regions. Object‐based classification of the resulting segments determines the final separation of water and non‐water points. The water‐land‐boundary is defined by the central contour line of the transition zone between water and land points. We demonstrate that the proposed workflow succeeds for a regulated river (Inn, Austria) with smooth water surface as well as for a pro‐glacial braided river (Hintereisfernerbach, Austria). A multi‐temporal analysis over five years of the pro‐glacial river channel emphasizes the applicability of the developed method for different ALS systems and acquisition settings (e.g. point density). The validation, based on real time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) field survey and a terrestrial orthophoto, indicate point cloud classification accuracy above 97% with 0·45 m planimetric accuracy (root mean square error) of the water–land boundary. This article shows the capability of ALS data for water surface mapping with a high degree of automation and accuracy. This provides valuable datasets for a number of applications in geomorphology, hydrology and hydraulics, such as monitoring of braided rivers, flood modeling and mapping. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale SPH simulations of droplet impact onto a liquid surface up to the consequent formation of Worthington jet
Authors: Nishio Naoto , Yamana Kentaro , Yamaguchi Yasutaka , Inaba Takehiko , Kuroda Koji , Nakajima Tadashi , Ohno Kouhei , Fujimura Hideo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, the whole process of liquid droplet impact onto a liquid surface up to the consequent formation of the central column was simulated using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH), and compared with an experiment using a high‐speed video camera. The surface tension tensor for the particle‐based expression was adequately included as the gradient of the surface tension and that enabled the simulation leading to the formations of crater and crown as well as the consequent central column. The simulated time series of the crater depth and diameter and crown height corresponded quantitatively well with the experimental result up to the rebound motion while discrepancies remained as a lower central column height in the simulation, and this seemed to be ascribed to the difficulty in realizing the complex surface structure that inevitably appeared in the fast rebound motion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of antipsychotic medication use among older people living in aged care homes in Australia
Authors: Nishtala Prasad S. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Bell J. Simon , Chen Timothy F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate determinants of antipsychotic medication use among older people living in aged care homes in Australia.DesignRetrospective study of a random sample of de‐identified medication reports using cross‐sectional data gathered between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2008 in Australia.SubjectsThe mean (SD) age of the residents was 84.0 (9.0) years. Seventy‐five per cent were females.MeasuresResident demographics, clinical characteristics, medical diagnoses and prescribed medication were systematically recorded. Logistic regression (LR) models were used to determine predictors for any antipsychotic, atypical and conventional antipsychotic use.ResultsTwenty‐three per cent of the residents were prescribed one or more antipsychotics. In the LR model, factors for predicting the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for any antipsychotic medication use were agitation (7.11, 95% CI 3.15–16.03), challenging behaviours (7.47, 95% CI 2.53–22.10), dementia (2.35, 95% CI 1.36–4.06), dementia with mood disorder (0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.92), paranoia (6.70, 95% CI 1.08–41.55), psychosis (14.79, 95% CI 3.64–60.00) and any psychiatric diagnosis (3.30, 95% CI 1.82–6.00). Use of atypical antipsychotic medication was significant for agitation (4.58, 95% CI 2.05–10.23), aggression (2.25, 95% CI 1.05–4.78), challenging behaviours (8.01, 95% CI 2.76–23.24), dementia (3.64, 95% CI 1.99–6.67), dementia with mood disorder (0.16, 95% CI 0.06–0.43), psychosis (16.51, 95% CI 4.28–63.66) and any psychiatric diagnosis (4.44, 95% CI 2.33–8.46).ConclusionsPsychiatric diagnosis, psychosis and dementia were associated with significantly greater odds for the use of antipsychotic medications. Older people suffering from dementia and comorbid mood disorders treated with antidepressants were less likely to be prescribed atypical antipsychotics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical applications of slide‐based cytometry – an update
Authors: Gerstner Andreas O. H. , Laffers Wiebke , Tárnok Attila 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSlide‐based cytometric approaches open the possibility to obtain quantitative and objective data from specimens that so far have not been accessible to this kind of analysis. In this review, we will highlight the specific advantages of slide‐based cytometry (SBC) and show the applications that have been established for clinical samples. Focuses are cytomic analyses of oncological and hematological samples where the slide‐based concept turned out to open new dimensions in understanding underlying cellular networks. We review the recent literature and point out future applications. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow cytometry with gold nanoparticles and their clusters as scattering contrast agents: FDTD simulation of light–cell interaction
Authors: Tanev Stoyan , Sun Wenbo , Pond James , Tuchin Valery V. , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe formulation of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) approach is presented in the framework of its potential applications to in‐vivo flow cytometry based on light scattering. The consideration is focused on comparison of light scattering by a single biological cell alone in controlled refractive‐index matching conditions and by cells labeled by gold nanoparticles. The optical schematics including phase contrast (OPCM) microscopy as a prospective modality for in‐vivo flow cytometry is also analyzed. The validation of the FDTD approach for the simulation of flow cytometry may open up a new avenue in the development of advanced cytometric techniques based on scattering effects from nanoscale targets. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Peripherally inserted central catheter use in the hospitalized patient: Is there a role for the hospitalist?
Authors: Akers Adam S. , Chelluri Lakshmipathi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Peripherally‐inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are frequently used in hospitals for central intravenous access. These catheters may offer advantages over traditional central catheters with respect to ease of placement and decreased complication rates. However, hospital physicians have not traditionally been trained to place PICCs.METHODS:We trained 3 of 5 hospitalists to place PICCs in our small university‐affiliated community hospital as we converted from a house physician model to a hospitalist model for inpatient care. We then looked retrospectively at the rates of all PICC and other central catheter placements as well as the number of femoral and nonfemoral catheter days for the 18‐month period prior to and after the inception of the hospitalist program.RESULTS:Comparing the periods prior to and after the inception of the hospitalist program, the total number of central catheter placements doubled and the PICC rate rose from 20% to 80% of all central catheters. The rate of femoral and subclavian catheter placements decreased by approximately 50% and the rate of internal jugular catheter placement was roughly unchanged. There was also a fall in the number of femoral catheter days and a great increase in the number of total nonfemoral catheter days. The rate of catheter‐related bacteremia remained low and did not appear to increase.CONCLUSIONS:PICCs may be a safe and easy alternative to centrally placed catheters for the hospital physician attempting to secure central intravenous access and may lead to a decrease in the need for more risky central venous catheter (CVC) insertions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E1–E4. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.