bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-precision calibration of spectrographs
Authors: Wilken T. , Lovis C. , Manescau A. , Steinmetz T. , Pasquini L. , Lo Curto G. , Hänsch T. W. , Holzwarth R. , Udem Th. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We present the first stringent tests of a novel calibration system based on a laser frequency comb (LFC) for radial velocity measurements. The tests were obtained with the high-resolution, optical spectrograph, High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher. By using only one echelle order, we obtain a calibration repeatability of 15cms−1 for exposures that are several hours apart. This is comparable with a simultaneous calibration using a Th–Ar lamp that makes use of all 72 echelle orders. In both cases, the residuals are compatible with the computed photon noise. Averaging all LFC exposures, recorded over a few hours, we could obtain a calibration curve with residuals of 2.4ms−1. Thanks to the adjustable and optimally chosen line density of the LFC, we resolve a periodicity of 512 pixels in the calibration curve that is due to the manufacturing process of the CCD mask. Previous Th–Ar calibration was unable to resolve these systematic deviations, resulting in a deviation of up to 70ms−1 from the true calibration curve. In future, we hope to be able to make use of all echelle orders in order to obtain a calibration repeatability below 1cms−1 and absolute calibration within a few ms−1.
Discovery of a strong magnetic field in the rapidly rotating B2 Vn star HR 7355
Authors: Oksala M. E. , Wade G. A. , Marcolino W. L. F. , Grunhut J. , Bohlender D. , Manset N. , Townsend R. H. D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We report the detection of a strong, organized magnetic field in the He-variable early B-type star HR 7355 using spectropolarimetric data obtained with ESPaDOnS on the 3.6-m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope within the context of the Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) Large Program. HR 7355 is both the most rapidly rotating known main-sequence magnetic star and the most rapidly rotating He-strong star, with v sin i= 300 ±15 km s−1 and a rotational period of 0.5214404±0.0000006 d. We have modelled our eight longitudinal magnetic field measurements assuming an oblique dipole magnetic field. Constraining the inclination of the rotation axis to be between 38° and 86°, we find the magnetic obliquity angle to be between 30° and 85°, and the polar strength of the magnetic field at the stellar surface to be between 13–17 kG. The photometric light curve constructed from HIPPARCOS archival data and new CTIO measurements shows two minima separated by 0.5 in rotational phase and occurring 0.25 cycles before/after the magnetic extrema. This photometric behaviour, coupled with previously reported variable emission of the Hα line (which we confirm), strongly supports the proposal that HR 7355 harbours a structured magnetosphere similar to that in the prototypical He-strong star, σ Ori E.
EFFECT OF 1‐METHYLCYCLOPROPENE ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TOMATO FRUIT (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICON L.) DURING STORAGE
Authors: WANG MENG , CAO JIANKANG , LIN LIN , SUN JING , JIANG WEIBO 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on postharvest quality and nutritional compounds in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.) fruit during storage was determined. The green mature tomato was exposed to 1 µL/L 1‐MCP for 24 h. Thereafter, the fruit were stored at 20C and 85–95% relative humidity for 20 days. The results indicated that 1‐MCP treatment significantly delayed the decrease of firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity, inhibited the increase of weight loss, and suppressed the rise in respiration rate and ethylene production. Moreover, 1‐MCP treatment also inhibited the lycopene accumulation and chlorophyll degradation. Ascorbic acid and soluble phenolic contents in 1‐MCP‐treated fruit were significantly higher than those in the control fruit. 1‐MCP treatment enhanced the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. These results suggested that 1‐MCP can be used as a commercial technology due to its ability to improve nutritional value of tomato fruit as well as to delay fruit ripening.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTomato fruit are often harvested at mature green stage to minimize damage during transport to market, and then allowed to ripen before or during presentation in retail outlets. A limitation to marketing of tomato fruit is the time that ripe fruit remain in an acceptable condition for consumers. 1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) can extend the storage life and improve postharvest quality of tomato fruit. Recently, nutritional quality is of increasing interest to the consumers because of their potential health benefits in protecting against various diseases. However, the effects of 1‐MCP on nutritional compounds and antioxidant activity of tomato fruit are still unclear and need to be more precisely determined. This study can provide information on the effect of 1‐MCP treatment on postharvest quality and nutritional compounds in tomato fruit during storage. The results could be applicable to improve the quality and nutritional value of tomato fruit for commercial purpose.
INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION WITH MODERATE SALINE WATER ON “CHEMLALI” EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL COMPOSITION AND QUALITY
Authors: BEDBABIS SAIDA , CLODOVEO MARIA LISA , ROUINA BÉCHIR BEN , BOUKHRIS MAKKI 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate saline water irrigation in the “Chemlali” olive cultivar grown in Sfax, an arid region of Tunisia, on the composition and quality of the resultant virgin olive oil in comparison to a control plot grown under rain‐fed conditions. Free acidity, peroxide value, specific ultraviolet absorbance (K232, K270), fatty acid composition, induction time, total polyphenol and total chlorophyll contents were determined and reported. The irrigation did not affect free acidity and peroxide value. Whereas, specific ultraviolet absorbance (K232, K270), fatty acid composition, induction time, total polyphenol and total chlorophyll contents were affected by irrigation. Rain‐fed virgin olive oils showed a statistically significant higher content of oleic and linoleic acids. Virgin olive oils extracted from moderate saline water irrigated trees had higher contents of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and linolenic acids and a longer shelf‐life. A positive correlation was noted between polyphenol content and oxidative stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOlive trees are quite widespread in the south of Tunisia. They grow in semi‐arid environments. It is a species with high resistance to drought. However, irrigation allows productivity to increase in olive growing areas where rainfall is scarce. Irrigation is a determinant parameter for olive oil quality. In fact, high olive oil quality can not be obtained from olive fruit suffering from a high degree of water stress. The main purposes of this paper are to investigate the effects of moderate saline water on the commercial quality, the fatty acid composition, and the induction time, total polyphenol and total chlorophyll contents of “Chemlali” virgin olive oil in Tunisia.
A biofilm exists on healthy mucosa of the paranasal sinuses: a prospectively performed, blinded, scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Mladina R. , Skitarelić N. , Musić S. , Ristić M. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 104–110Objectives:  Based on our hypothesis that biofilm is nothing else but normal, otherwise abundantly colonised mucosal mucous blanket, the aim of this study was to check out whether bacterial biofilm exists exclusively at the diseased mucosal surfaces or at healthy mucosa of paranasal sinuses as well.Design:  Prospective and blinded.Setting:  Tertiary academic hospital.Participants:  The patients suffering from the diseases not related to the chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Mucosal tissue samples from healthy sphenoid sinuses were taken from 48 patients who underwent pituitary gland surgery and from ethmoidal sinuses mucosa of the 17 patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic orbital decompression because of Graves’ disease.Main outcome measures:  The samples were submitted blindly along with similar samples from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis to two scanning electron microscope experts. In all samples the looked for the main signs of biofilm presence of: the ‘towers’, rod‐shaped bacteria and water channels.Results:  Signs of biofilm presence were found in 45 out of 48 pituitary gland surgery patients (94%) and in all of 17 EEOD patients (100%).Conclusions:  Our study showed the presence of the biofilm at the surface of the healthy mucosa of the paranasal sinuses. This suggests that perhaps so called bacterial biofilm is nothing else but regular respiratory mucosal blanket, a part of the mucociliary system itself, containing a great number of bacteria.
Systematic reviews of the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of multi‐channel unilateral cochlear implants for adults
Authors: Bond M. , Elston J. , Mealing S. , Anderson R. , Weiner G. , Taylor R. , Stein K. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 87–96Objective:  In the UK approximately 3% of over 50 years olds and 8% of over 70 year olds have severe (794–94 dBHL) to deafness. As deafness increased, hearing aids become increasingly ineffective. Cochelear implants can provide an alternative treatment.Objective of review:  To bring together the research evidence through the robustness of a systematic review of the effectiveness of unilateral cochlear implants for adults. We also sought to systematically review the published literature on cost‐effectiveness.Types of review:  Systematic review.Search strategy:  This examined 16 electronic databases, plus bibliographies and references for published and unpublished studies from inception to june 2009.Evaluation method:  Abstracts were independently assessed against inclusion criteria by two researchers were compared and disagreements resolved. Included papers were then retrieved and further independently assessed in a similar way. Remaining studies had their data independently extracted by one of five reviewers and checked by another reviewer.Results:  From 1,580 titles and abstracts nine studies were included. These were of variable quality; some study's results should be viewed with caution. The studies were too hetrogeneous to pool the data. However, overall the results firmly supported the use of unilateral cochler implants for severe to profoundly deaf adults. Additionally, four UK based economic evaluations found unilateral cochlear implants to be cost‐effectivene in adults at UK implants centres.Conclusion:  The methodologically weak but universally positive body of effectiveness evidence supports the use of unilateral cochlear implants in adults. Previous economic evaluations indicate that such implants are likely to be cost‐effective.
Analysis of vestibular schwannoma size in multiple dimensions: a comparative cohort study of different measurement techniques
Authors: Varughese J.K. , Wentzel‐Larsen T. , Vassbotn F. , Moen G. , Lund‐Johansen M. 
Published: April 2010

Clin. Otolaryngol. 2010, 35, 97–103Objectives:  In this volumetric study of the vestibular schwannoma, we evaluated the accuracy and reliability of several approximation methods that are in use, and determined the minimum volume difference that needs to be measured for it to be attributable to an actual difference rather than a retest error. We also found empirical proportionality coefficients for the different methods.Design/setting and participants:  Methodological study with investigation of three different VS measurement methods compared to a reference method that was based on serial slice volume estimates. These volume estimates were based on: (i) one single diameter, (ii) three orthogonal diameters or (iii) the maximal slice area. Altogether 252 T1‐weighted MRI images with gadolinium contrast, from 139 VS patients, were examined.Main outcome measures:  The retest errors, in terms of relative percentages, were determined by undertaking repeated measurements on 63 scans for each method. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess the agreement between each of the approximation methods and the reference method. The tendency for approximation methods to systematically overestimate/underestimate different‐sized tumours was also assessed, with the help of Bland–Altman plots.Results:  The most commonly used approximation method, the maximum diameter, was the least reliable measurement method and has inherent weaknesses that need to be considered. This includes greater retest errors than area‐based measurements (25% and 15%, respectively), and that it was the only approximation method that could not easily be converted into volumetric units. Area‐based measurements can furthermore be more reliable for smaller volume differences than diameter‐based measurements.Conclusions:  All our findings suggest that the maximum diameter should not be used as an approximation method. We propose the use of measurement modalities that take into account growth in multiple dimensions instead.
Biomarkers for Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Shi Min , Huber Bertrand R. , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCognitive impairment, including dementia, is commonly seen in those afflicted with Parkinson disease (PD), particularly at advanced disease stages. Pathologically, PD with dementia (PD‐D) is most often associated with the presence of cortical Lewy bodies, as is the closely related dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Both PD‐D and DLB are also frequently complicated by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques, features most often attributed to Alzheimer disease. Biomarkers are urgently needed to differentiate among these disease processes and predict dementia in PD as well as monitor responses of patients to new therapies. A few clinical assessments, along with structural and functional neuroimaging, have been utilized in the last few years with some success in this area. Additionally, a number of other strategies have been employed to identify biochemical/molecular biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in PD, e.g. targeted analysis of candidate proteins known to be important to PD pathogenesis and progression in cerebrospinal fluid or blood. Finally, interesting results are emerging from preliminary studies with unbiased and high throughput genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques. The current findings and perspectives of applying these strategies and techniques are reviewed in this article, together with potential areas of advancement.
Accuracy in molecular sexing of martens (Martes americana and Martes caurina) varies among sample types
Authors: CAMPBELL GRANT M. , PAULI JONATHAN N. , THOMAS JOSHUA G. , McCLEAN TERRY 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the accuracy of sex identification using the SRY marker for American marten (Martes americana) and Pacific marten (Martes caurina) using samples collected from commercial trappers and those obtained via noninvasive sampling. We determined that sex identification from Lut‐SRY primers is accurate at >90% for muscle and hair samples collected noninvasively. We found much lower accuracy when using hair samples plucked from trapper‐killed carcasses, errors presumably incurred from contamination from the DNA of trappers, who were entirely male. We also found that the sequence generated from Lut‐SRY primers, originally developed for Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra), differed slightly for martens, and recommend that new primers be developed from the sequences we provide. The SRY marker can be reliably used for sex identification in both species of marten, provided that samples have low probabilities of contamination. Researchers should avoid samples collected from external locations on trapper‐killed carcasses for DNA‐based analyses.
A newly isolated fungal strain used as whole‐cell biocatalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil
Authors: XIAO MAN , MATHEW SINI , OBBARD JEFFREY PHILIP 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA strain of Aspergillus niger isolated from atmospherically exposed bread and Jatropha curcas seed was utilized as a whole‐cell biocatalyst for palm oil methanolysis to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), or biodiesel. The A. niger strain had a lipase activity of 212.58 mU mL−1 after 144 h incubation at 25 °C with an initial pH value of 6.5, using 7% polypeptone (w/w on basal medium) as the nitrogen source and 3% olive oil (w/w on basal medium) as a carbon source. The A. niger cells spontaneously immobilized within polyurethane biomass support particles (BSPs) during submerged fermentation. Thereafter, the methanolysis of palm oil was achieved via a three‐step addition of methanol in the presence of BSPs‐immobilized with A. niger cells. The influence of water content, reaction temperature and enzyme concentration on reaction rate was investigated. An 8% water content and a temperature of 40 °C in the presence of 30 immobilized BSPs, resulted in an 87% FAME yield after 72 h.
A Finite Volume SOFC Model for Coal-Based Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Systems Analysis
Authors: Li Mu , Powers James D. , Brouwer Jacob 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems combining coal gasification and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are promising for highly efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of coal for power production. Most IGFC system analyses performed to-date have used nondimensional thermodynamic SOFC models that do not resolve the intrinsic constraints of SOFC operation. In this work a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) finite volume model for planar SOFC is developed and verified using literature data. Special attention is paid to making the model capable of supporting recent SOFC technology improvements, including the use of anode-supported configurations, metallic interconnects, and reduced polarization losses. Activation polarization parameters previously used for high temperature electrolyte-supported SOFC result in cell performance that is much poorer than that observed for modern intermediate temperature anode-supported configurations; thus, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify appropriate parameters for modern SOFC modeling. Model results are shown for SOFC operation on humidified H2 and CH4 containing syngas, under coflow and counterflow configurations; detailed internal profiles of species mole fractions, temperature, current density, and electrochemical performance are obtained. The effects of performance, fuel composition, and flow configuration of SOFC performance and thermal profiles are evaluated, and the implications of these results for system design and analysis are discussed. The model can be implemented not only as a stand-alone SOFC analysis tool, but also a subroutine that can communicate and cooperate with chemical flow sheet software seamlessly for convenient IGFC system analysis.
An Ordovician “Lost City” — venting serpentinite and life oases on Iapetus seafloor
Authors: Lavoie Denis , Chi Guoxiang 
Published: April 2010

Highly brecciated carbonate-rich serpentinites (or ophicalcites) of Early Ordovician age in the Dunnage Zone of Quebec are host to fracture-fill, high-temperature (80–230 °C) carbonate cements. Away from, or crosscut by the fractures, centimetre- to decimetre-thick crusts made up of massive to laminated micrite, peloidal layers and threads are associated with low-temperature botryoidal calcite cements. The peloidal masses are characterized by a clotted texture that is reminiscent of interpreted fossilized Ordovician microbial communities. The ophicalcite contains carbonate botryoids, morphology commonly found at shallow reefal margins but also at modern cold CH4 seeps and recently documented at hot CH4 vents from serpentinite, such as the modern Lost City hydrothermal field in the Atlantic Ocean. The δ18OVPDB ratios of the calcite botryoids and peloidal layers indicate formation and (or) precipitation out of cold Ordovician deep-marine waters. To the contrary of botryoids at cold methane seeps, the botryoids associated with the modern and Ordovician hot vents do not show the negative δ13CVPDB ratios indicative of microbial isotopic fractionation. Therefore, any microbial-derived HCO3– has been overwhelmed by the isotopically heavier marine-derived carbon during the open-system diagenesis. Carbonate-rich serpentinites should be carefully revisited in the search for evidence of microbial life in the Precambrian, as the negative δ13CVPDB ratios used as fingerprints of biological activity are not always reliable.
A note on the relationship between estimates of heritability and type-B genetic correlation
Authors: Lu Pengxin 
Published: April 2010

This note verifies the applicability of an approach derived from Adams et al. (W.T. Adams, T.L. White, G.R. Hodge, and G.L. Powell. 1994. Silvae Genet. 43: 357–366) that used the ratio of unbiased to biased heritability estimates (denoted by Rh) to approximate type-B genetic correlation (rB) estimates. Both theoretical evidence and empirical evidence suggest that the estimate of the ratio of unbiased to biased heritability is often a good approximation of the estimate of type-B genetic correlation under the assumption of homogeneous heritability among sites. Given the large sampling errors and often unstable estimates of rB, the approach concerned may provide an alternative to existing methods for estimating type-B genetic correlation.
Demographic and behavioural response of woodland caribou to forest harvesting
Authors: Courtois Réhaume , Gingras André , Fortin Daniel , Sebbane Aïssa , Rochette Bruno , Breton Laurier 
Published: April 2010

We investigated whether woodland caribou ( Rangifer tarandus caribou ) would remain in a 2772 km2 area in eastern Quebec where the forest management plan included the preservation of large forest blocks (35–182 km2) linked with >400 m wide corridors and where cuts were amalgamated in large zones. To evaluate changes in caribou abundance and habitat selection, we conducted five aerial surveys and followed by telemetry 13 to 22 female caribou each year, from March 1998 to March 2005. Caribou numbers declined by 59% between 1999 and 2001 but gradually recovered to initial abundance. Female survival increased from 73.3% in 1999 to 87.3%–93.4% in 2004 and 2005. Caribou selected protected blocks, used corridors in proportion to their availability, and avoided logged areas. They preferred closed conifer stands without terrestrial lichens and open conifer stands with or without terrestrial lichens throughout the study. Open habitats (clearcuts and burns), regenerating sites, mixed and deciduous stands, and water bodies were avoided. The main zones used by caribou gradually shifted towards the southwest of the study area, likely as a result of disturbance and habitat loss due to logging of mature conifers in the east. We conclude that caribou numbers were maintained within the managed area as a result of the presence of protected blocks and uncut continuous forest.