bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconclusive psychometric properties of the Vaizey score in fecally incontinent patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bols Esther M.J. , Hendriks Erik J.M. , Deutekom Marije , Berghmans Bary C.M. , Baeten Cor G.M.I. , de Bie Rob A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAimTo determine the psychometric properties of the total Vaizey score and its individual items.MethodsThe study was conducted as part of a prospective cohort study assessing the outcome of pelvic floor rehabilitation in patients with fecal incontinence.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐four patients were analyzed, 53 of whom provided data on the global perceived effect (GPE) score. Pelvic floor rehabilitation resulted in a significant reduction of the total Vaizey score and most individual items. The total Vaizey scores changed in agreement with the GPE scores. The total Vaizey score was responsive, but some individual items yielded inconsistent results for three different measures. The test–retest reliability was adequate or excellent for six individual items and the total Vaizey score. The internal consistency was low for the total Vaizey score at baseline, in contrast to the follow‐up and change scores. The estimates for the minimally important change (MIC) and smallest detectable change yielded moderately consistent results. An MIC of −5 points seemed preferable and yielded the lowest misclassification rate.ConclusionsMore research is required to confirm conclusions on the psychometric properties of the total Vaizey score and its individual items, and to justify its use in research and routine clinical practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:370–377, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of double incontinence, risks and influence on quality of life in a general female population
Authors: Slieker‐ten Hove Marijke C. Ph , Pool‐Goudzwaard Annelies L. , Eijkemans Marinus J.C. , Steegers‐Theunissen Regine P.M. , Burger Curt W. , Vierhout Mark E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) and anal incontinence (AI) are complaints with impact on quality of life (QOL). Few data are available on prevalence of double incontinence (DI) in the general female population.ObjectiveTo determine prevalence of UI, AI, and DI, their associations with age, parity, and effects on QOL.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross‐sectional study on a general female population, aged 45–85 years.MeasurementsValidated questionnaires measuring pelvic floor dysfunction and QOL. A short questionnaire was used for non‐responders. Analyses were performed with Chi‐square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression.ResultsResponse rate was 62.7% (1,869/2,979); 59% of non‐responders filled in the short questionnaire (620/1,051). No significant differences in stress urinary incontinence, vaginal bulging, solid stool incontinence and parity were found between responders and non‐responders. DI with and without flatal incontinence were reported by 7.7% and 35.4%, respectively. Women with urge urinary incontinence (UUI) alone had an OR of 4.3 (95% CI 2.4–7.9) for liquid stool incontinence, 1.6 (95% CI 0.5–4.9) for solid stool incontinence and 2.4 for flatal incontinence (95% CI 1.5–3.8). Women with AI had an OR of 5.8 (95% CI 1.8–18.2) for UUI. Women with DI including flatus reported significantly poorer QOL. Limitation of the study was the lack of objective clinical validation of symptoms, which may have influenced the real prevalence data.ConclusionsMost important relation was found between UUI and liquid stool incontinence (OR 4.3). We recommend that clinicians take the history of patients with UUI or mixed urinary incontinence to exclude the co‐existence of AI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:545–550, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conditional and continuous electrical stimulation increase cystometric capacity in persons with spinal cord injury
Authors: Horvath Eric E. , Yoo Paul B. , Amundsen Cindy L. , Webster George D. , Grill Warren M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAimsIndividuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) causing high intravesicle pressures and incontinence. The first aim was to measure changes in maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal genital nerve (DGN) delivered either continuously or conditionally (only during bladder contractions) in persons with SCI. The second aim was to use the external anal sphincter electromyogram (EMGEAS) for real‐time control of conditional stimulation.MethodsSerial filling cystometries were performed in nine volunteers with complete or incomplete supra‐sacral SCI. Conditional stimulation was delivered automatically when detrusor pressure increased to 8–12 cmH2O above baseline. MCCs were measured for each treatment (continuous, conditional, and no stimulation) and compared using post‐ANOVA Tukey HSD paired comparisons. Additional treatments in two subjects used the EMGEAS for automatic control of conditional stimulation.ResultsContinuous and conditional stimulation increased MCC by 63 ± 73 ml (36 ± 24%) and 74 ± 71 ml (51 ± 37%), respectively (P < 0.05), compared to no stimulation. There was no significant difference between MCCs for conditional and continuous stimulation, but conditional stimulation significantly reduced stimulation time (174 ± 154 sec, or 27 ± 17% of total time) as compared to continuous stimulation (469 ± 269 sec, 100% of total time, P < 0.001). The EMGEAS algorithm provided reliable detection of bladder contractions (six of six contractions over four trials) and reduced stimulation time (21 ± 8% of total time).ConclusionsConditional stimulation generates increases in bladder capacity while substantially reducing stimulation time. Furthermore, EMGEAS was successfully used as a real‐time feedback signal to control conditional electrical stimulation in a laboratory setting. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:401–407, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new coupling strategy for fluid–solid interaction problems by using the interface element method
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Gyu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to simulate fluid–solid interaction (FSI) problems involving non‐matching meshes. The coupling between the fluid and solid domains with dissimilar finite element meshes consisting of 4‐node quadrilateral elements is achieved by using the interface element method. Continuity and compatibility conditions across the interface between fluid and solid meshes are satisfied exactly by introducing the interface elements defined on an interfacing region. Importantly, a consistent transfer of loads through the interface elements guarantees the present method to be an efficient approach of the solution strategy to FSI problems. An arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian description is adopted for the fluid domain, while for the solid domain an updated Lagrangian formulation is considered to accommodate finite deformations of an elastic structure. The fluid equations for velocity and pressure and the solid equations for velocity are strongly coupled in a single computational domain by means of the interface elements. Numerical results are presented for FSI problems involving non‐matching meshes to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Centralizing treasury management in China: The rationale of the central reformers
Authors: Ang Yuen Yuen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Chinese central government, spearheaded by the Ministry of Finance, launched a bold reform of the treasury management system in 2001, centralizing the disbursement of budgetary funds. This article analyzes the rationale of institutional reform from the perspective of the central reformers. Traditionally, governmental bank accounts in China were fragmented between and within levels of government, hindering budget implementation and intergovernmental transfers, as well as fomenting corruption. The centerpiece of China's treasury reform is the establishment of the Treasury Single Account (TSA), which serves to both strengthen expenditure controls and improve cash management. However, while the treasury reform promises to make significant strides in improving fiscal control and countering the misuse of public funds, its implementation remains imperfect and incomplete. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What do pregnant women know about non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs?
Authors: Damase‐Michel Christine , Christaud Julie , Berrebi Alain , Lacroix Isabelle , Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use on late pregnancy can be associated with severe adverse neonatal outcomes. Some NSAIDs, available over the counter, can be purchased easily by pregnant women. The present study evaluates pregnant womens' knowledge about NSAID use in pregnancy.Study designThe survey includes 250 pregnant women in South‐west France. Women have been interviewed about their knowledge on analgesic and NSAID use in pregnancy.ResultsA total of 2% pregnant women use aspirin or ibuprofen as self‐medication. More than 10% of the women think that it is safe to take NSAIDs on late pregnancy. A majority of them thought that aspirin and ibuprofen are not NSAIDs.ConclusionNSAID risks in pregnancy are insufficiently known. Adequate information must be provided not only to medical practitioners and pharmacists but also to pregnant women especially for drugs which are available over the counter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic identification of proteins translocated to membrane microdomains upon treatment of fibroblasts with the glycosphingolipid, C8‐β‐D‐lactosylceramide
Authors: Kim Seong‐youl , Wang Teng‐ke , Singh Raman Deep , Wheatley Christine L. , Marks David L. , Pagano Richard E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPlasma membrane (PM) microdomains, including caveolae and other cholesterol‐enriched subcompartments, are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including endocytosis, attachment and signaling. We recently reported that brief incubation of human skin fibroblasts with the synthetic glycosphingolipid, D‐erythro‐octanoyl‐lactosylceramide (C8‐D‐e‐LacCer), stimulates endocytosis via caveolae and induces the appearance of micron‐size microdomains on the PM. To further understand the effects of C8‐D‐e‐LacCer treatment on PM microdomains, we used a detergent‐free method to isolate microdomain‐enriched membranes from fibroblasts treated ±C8‐D‐e‐LacCer, and performed 2‐DE and mass spectrophotometry to identify proteins that were altered in their distribution in microdomains. Several proteins were identified in the microdomain‐enriched fractions, including lipid transfer proteins and proteins related to the functions of small GTPases. One protein, Rho‐associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2), was verified by Western blotting to occur in microdomain fractions and to increase in these fractions after D‐e‐LacCer treatment. Immunofluorescence revealed that ROCK2 exhibited an increased localization at or near the PM in C8‐D‐e‐LacCer‐treated cells. In contrast, ROCK2 distribution in microdomains was decreased by treatment of cells with C8‐L‐threo‐lactosylceramide, a glycosphingolipid with non‐natural stereochemistry. This study identifies new microdomain‐associated proteins and provides evidence that microdomains play a role in the regulation of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.
Quantitative proteomic profiling identifies new renal targets of copper(II)‐selective chelation in the reversal of diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: Gong Deming , Chen Xiuyin , Middleditch Martin , Huang Liangdong , Vazhoor Amarsingh Greeshma , Reddy Shiva , Lu Jun , Zhang Shaoping , Ruggiero Katya , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Cooper Garth J. S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to identify new diabetic nephropathy (DN)‐related proteins and renal targets of the copper(II)‐selective chelator, triethylenetetramine (TETA) in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats. We used the recently developed iTRAQ™ technology to compare renal protein profiles among non‐diabetic, diabetic, and TETA‐treated diabetic rats. In diabetic kidneys, tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TINag), voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel (VDAC) 1, and VDAC2 were up‐regulated in parallel with alterations in expression of proteins with functions in oxidative stress and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathways. By contrast, mitochondrial HSP 60, Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase, glutathione S‐transferase α3 and aquaporin‐1 were down‐regulated in diabetic kidneys. Following TETA treatment, levels of D‐amino acid oxidase‐1, epoxide hydrolase‐1, aquaporin‐1, and a number of mitochondrial proteins were normalized, with concomitant amelioration of albuminuria. Changes in levels of TINag, collagen VIα1, actinin 4α, apoptosis‐inducing factor 1, cytochrome C, histone H3, VDAC1, and aquaporin‐1 were confirmed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Changes in expression of proteins related to tubulointerstitial function, podocyte structure, and mitochondrial apoptosis are implicated in the mechanism of DN and their reversal by TETA. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this new experimental therapy may be useful for treatment of DN.
Synthesis of PMMA‐b‐PBA block copolymer in homogeneous and miniemulsion systems by DPE controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Luo Ying‐Da , Chou I‐Chen , Chiu Wen‐Yen , Lee Chia‐Fen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this research, poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(butyl acrylate) (PMMA‐b‐PBA) block copolymers were prepared by 1,1‐diphenylethene (DPE) controlled radical polymerization in homogeneous and miniemulsion systems. First, monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA), initiator 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and a control agent DPE were bulk polymerized to form the DPE‐containing PMMA macroinitiator. Then the DPE‐containing PMMA was heated in the presence of a second monomer BA, the block copolymer was synthesized successfully. The effects of solvent and polymerization methods (homogeneous polymerization or miniemulsion polymerization) on the reaction rate, controlled living character, molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (PDI) of polymers throughout the polymerization were studied and discussed. The results showed that, increasing the amounts of solvent reduced the reaction rate and viscosity of the polymerization system. It allowed more activation–deactivation cycles to occur at a given conversion thus better controlled living character and narrower molecular weight distribution of polymers were demonstrated throughout the polymerization. Furthermore, the polymerization carried out in miniemulsion system exhibited higher reaction rate and better controlled living character than those in homogeneous system. It was attributed to the compartmentalization of growing radicals and the enhanced deactivation reaction of DPE controlled radical polymerization in miniemulsified droplets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4435–4445, 2009
Synthesis of poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) by single electron transfer—Degenerative transfer living radical polymerization catalyzed by Na2S2O4 in water
Authors: Coelho Jorge F. J. , Gois Joana , Fonseca Ana C. , Carvalho Rui A. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Percec Virgil , Gil M. H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLiving radical polymerization of 2‐methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) was achieved by single‐electron‐transfer/degenerative transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP) in water catalyzed by sodium dithionate. The poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) is an amphiphilic polymer with a hydrophobic part (polyethylene chain) and a mildly hydrophilic tail. The plots of number‐average molecular weight versus conversion and ln{[M]0/[M]} versus time are linear, indicating a controlled polymerization. This method leads to the preparation of α,ω‐di(iodo) poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate)s (α,ω‐di(iodo)PMEA) macroinitiators that can be further functionalized. The molecular weight distributions were determined using a combination of three detectors (TriSEC): right‐angle light scattering (RALLS), a differential viscometer (DV) and refractive index (RI). The method studied in this work represents a possible route to prepare well‐tailored macromolecules made of 2‐methoxyethyl acrylate (biocompatible material) in an environmentally friendly reaction medium. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous report dealing with the synthesis of PMEA by any LRP approach in aqueous medium. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4454–4463, 2009
Surface tension of polystyrene blends: Theory and experiment
Authors: Qian Zhenyu , Minnikanti Venkatachala S. , Sauer Bryan B. , Dee Gregory T. , Kampert William G. , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSurface tension of linear–linear and star/linear polystyrene blends were measured using a modified Wilhelmy method. Our results show that for both polystyrene blend systems, the surface tension‐composition profile is convex, indicating a strong surface excess of the component with lower surface energy. Star/linear blends display more convex surface tension profiles than their linear–linear counterparts, indicative of stronger surface segregation of the branched‐component relative to linear chains. As a first step toward understanding the physical origin of enhanced‐surface segregation of star polymers, self‐consistent field (SCF) lattice simulations (both incompressible and compressible models) and Cahn‐Hilliard theory were used to predict surface tension‐composition profiles. Results from the lattice simulations indicate that the highly convex surface tension profiles observed in the star/linear blend systems are only possible if an architecture‐dependent, Flory interaction parameter (χ = 0.004) is assumed. This conclusion is inconsistent with results from bulk differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, which indicate sharp glass transitions in both the star/linear and linear/linear homopolymer blends and a simple linear relationship between the bulk glass transition temperature and blend composition. To implement the Cahn‐Hilliard theory, pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) data for each of the pure components in the blends were first measured and the data used as input for the theory. Consistent with the experimental data, Cahn‐Hilliard theory predicts a larger surface excess of star molecules in linear hosts over a wide composition range. Significantly, this result is obtained assuming a nearly neutral interaction parameter between the linear and star components, indicating that the surface enrichment of the stars is not a consequence of complex phase behavior in the bulk. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1666–1685, 2009
Solid‐phase peptide synthesis using acetonitrile as a solvent in combination with PEG‐based resins
Authors: Acosta Gerardo A. , del Fresno Montserrat , Paradis‐Bas Marta , Rigau‐DeLlobet Maria , Côté Simon , Royo Miriam , Albericio Fernando 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis manuscript shows that ACN can be an excellent choice for the coupling of hindered amino acids as illustrated by the coupling of Fmoc‐amino acids on free amino acids anchored on a BAL synthesis. Furthermore, ACN can be a good alternative for solid‐phase peptide synthesis in the absence of DMF (washings, removal of Fmoc, and coupling). Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ion in monocrystal YAl3(BO3)4
Authors: Prokhorov A. D. , Krygin I. N. , Prokhorov A. A. , Chernush L. F. , Aleshkevich P. , Dyakonov V. , Szymczak H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe ground state of Gd3+ions substituting for Y3+in YAl3(BO3)4single crystal has been studied by EPR method. Spin Hamiltonian parameters and their signs for Gd3+ion in trigonal symmetry (gz = 1.9893 ± 0.0002,gx = gy = 1.9860 ± 0.0002;$b_2^0 $ = 386.15 ± 0.11;$b_4^0 $ = −12.65 ± 0.07;$b_6^0 $ = 0.35 ± 0.10) were determined. Structural phase transition manifested as a discontinuous change of splitting of spectrum was observed near 157 K.
The luminescent and scintillation properties of YAlO3 and YAlO3:Ce single crystalline films grown by liquid phase epitaxy from BaO‐based flux
Authors: Zorenko Y. , Nikl M. , Mares J. A. , Gorbenko V. , Savchyn V. , Voznyak T. , Kucera M. , Beitlerova A. , Kucerkova R. , Fedorov A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSingle crystalline films (SCFs) of undoped and Ce3+‐doped YAlO3 (YAP) perovskite were crystallized by liquid‐phase epitaxy method onto YAP substrates for the first time from the novel lead‐free BaO‐B2O3‐BaF2 fluxes. The absorption, luminescence, and scintillation properties of these films are measured and compared with the films grown from the standard PbO‐B2O3 flux. It appears that the films obtained from the BaO‐based flux exhibit better luminescent and scintillation properties with respect to films grown from the PbO‐based one.
Nucleation, growth, and phase transformation mechanism of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films
Authors: Kim Eun Tae , Lee Jeong Yong , Kim Yong Tae 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe nucleation, growth, and metastable‐to‐stable phase transformation behavior of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin film were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The results confirm that nucleation begins at the surface of the film and proceeds by growth of grains through the thickness of film. Also, the result provides further grounds to the suggestion that some of the Ge2Sb2Te5 grains grow with an elongated grain shape to reduce interface energy between crystalline and amorphous phases at the initial stage of crystallization. We find edge dislocations in the metastable‐to‐stable phase transition region. We think these edge dislocations can explain the metastable‐to‐stable phase transformation mechanism as a result of vacancy diffusion.
HTSC cuprate phase diagram using a modified Boson–Fermion–Gossamer model describing competing orders, a quantum critical point and possible resonance complex
Authors: Squire Richard H. , March Norman H. , Booth Michael L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere has been considerable effort expended toward understanding high temperature superconductors (HTSC), and more specifically the cuprate phase diagram as a function of doping level. Yet, the only agreement seems to be that HTSC is an example of a strongly correlated material where Coulomb repulsion plays a major role. This manuscript proposes a model based on a Feshbach resonance pairing mechanism and competing orders. An initial BCS‐type superconductivity at high doping is suppressed in the two particle channel by a localized preformed pair (PP) (Nozieres and Schmitt‐Rink, J Low Temp Phys, 1985, 59, 980) (circular density wave) creating a quantum critical point. As doping continues to diminish, the PP then participates in a Feshbach resonance complex that creates a new electron (hole) pair that delocalizes and constitutes HTSC and the characteristic dome (Squire and March, Int J Quantum Chem, 2007, 107, 3013; 2008, 108, 2819). The resonant nature of the new pair contributes to its short coherence length. The model we propose also suggests an explanation (and necessity) for an experimentally observed correlated lattice that could restrict energy dissipation to enable the resonant Cooper pair to move over several correlation lengths, or essentially free. The PP density wave is responsible for the pseudogap as it appears as a “localized superconductor” since its density of states and quasiparticle spectrum are similar to those of a superconductor (Peierls–Fröhlich theory), but with no phase coherence between the PP. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009