bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential zinc phosphide rodenticide toxicosis in dogs: 362 cases (2004–2009)
Authors: Gray Sarah L. , Lee Justine A. , Hovda Lynn R. , Brutlag Ahna G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate records of dogs exposed to zinc phosphide rodenticides and characterize the patient population, including breed, sex, age, body weight, time since exposure, development of clinical signs, clinical signs observed, treatments performed, veterinary care received, outcome, and overall prognosis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—362 dogs with presumed zinc phosphide exposure.
Procedures—An electronic computer database from an animal poison control center was searched to identify dogs that ingested zinc phosphide between November 2004 and July 2009.
Results—Accurate information regarding development of clinical signs was available in 94.5% (342/362) of cases. Over half the dogs (58.8% [201/342]) did not develop clinical signs, and specific clinical signs were reported for the remaining 41.2% (141/342) of dogs. There were 180 total clinical signs recorded for these 141 dogs, with some dogs having developed > 1 category of clinical signs. Clinical signs involving the gastrointestinal tract were the most commonly reported type of clinical sign (66.7% [n = 120/180 reported signs]), followed by generalized malaise (17.8% [32/180]), CNS signs (8.9% [16/180]), respiratory signs (3.3% [6/180]), and cardiovascular signs (1.7% [3/180]). Approximately 65% (234/362) of patients received veterinary care (including decontamination via induction of emesis, gastric lavage, or activated charcoal administration), and of these dogs, 51.3% (120/234) were hospitalized. For the 296 dogs for which survival data were available, the survival rate was 98.3% (291/296).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overall, the prognosis for zinc phosphide toxicosis was good. Zinc phosphide rodenticide toxicosis is a potential public health concern, and veterinary staff should be aware of this commonly used rodenticide.
Clinical implications of high liver enzyme activities in hospitalized neonatal foals
Authors: Haggett Emily F. , Magdesian K. Gary , Kass Philip H. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether high liver enzyme activities were negatively associated with outcome in sick neonatal foals as compared with foals that did not have high liver enzyme activities.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—147 foals < 30 days old with high γ-glutamyltransferase activity, high sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, or both (case foals) and 263 foals < 30 days old with γ-glutamyltransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities within reference limits (control foals).
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, physical examination findings, and results of hematologic and serum biochemical analyses performed at the time of admission to a veterinary medical teaching hospital.
Results—Case foals were significantly more likely to die or be euthanized, compared with control foals (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.28 to 3.85). Case foals were significantly more likely than control foals to have sepsis, and septic foals were significantly less likely to survive than were nonseptic foals. For case foals, other factors associated with a greater likelihood of nonsurvival were higher anion gap and higher logarithm of aspartate aminotransferase activity. When sepsis status was controlled for, the presence of high liver enzyme activities was not significantly associated with outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that high liver enzyme activities were common in sick neonatal foals, especially foals with sepsis. Foals with high liver enzyme activities were more likely to be septic, and septic foals were less likely to survive than were foals without sepsis. However, high liver enzyme activities alone were not a useful negative prognostic indicator.
A cosmological exact solution of generalized Brans-Dicke theory with complex scalar field and its phenomenological implications
Authors: Arık Metin , Çalık Mehmet , Katırcı Nihan 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
When the Brans-Dicke theory is formulated in terms of the Jordan scalar field φ, the amount of dark energy is related to the mass of this field. We investigate a solution which is relevant to the late universe. We show that if φ is taken to be a complex scalar field, then an exact solution to the vacuum equations requires that the Friedmann equation possesses both a constant term and one which is proportional to the inverse sixth power of the scale factor. Possible interpretations and phenomenological implications of this result are discussed.
Preload-induced changes in isometric tension and [Ca2+]i in rat myocardium
Authors: Lookin Oleg , Protsenko Yuri 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Preload-induced changes of active tension and [Ca2+]i are “dissociated” in mammalian myocardium. This study aimed to describe the distinct effects of preload at low and physiological [Ca2+]o. Rat RV papillary muscles were studied in isometric conditions at 25‡C and 0.33 Hz at 1 mM (hypo-Ca group) and 2.5 mM [Ca2+]o (normal-Ca group). [Ca2+]i was monitored with fura-2/AM. Increase of preload caused a rise of active tension in hypo-Ca and normal-Ca groups whereas peak fluorescence rose significantly only at low [Ca2+]o. End-diastolic tension, end-diastolic level of fluorescence, time-to-peak tension, but not time-to-peak of Ca2+ transient, progressively increased with preload. Mechanical relaxation decelerated with preload while Ca2+ transient decay time decreased in the initial phase and increased in the late phase, resulting in a prominent “bump” configuration. The “bump” was assessed as a ratio of its area to the fluorescence trace area. It was a new finding that the preload-induced rise of this ratio was twice as large in hypo-Ca. Our results indicate that preload-induced changes in active tension and [Ca2+]i are “dissociated” in rat myocardium, with relatively higher expression at low [Ca2+]o. Ca-dependence of Ca-TnC association/dissociation kinetics is thought to be a main contributor to these preload-induced effects.
Search behaviour of two hemipteran species using vibrational communication
Authors: Groot Maarten , Čokl Andrej , Virant-Doberlet Meta 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The ability of conspecifics to recognize and locate each other in the environment depends on the efficiency of intraspecific communication. We compared the mate searching strategies of southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (male searches for a continuously calling female) and the leafhopper Aphrodes makarovi (partners form a precisely coordinated duet). Males of both species were tested on plants in playback experiments. One leaf was vibrated with unaltered conspecific female signals or with various conspecific signals using modified temporal parameters. The results showed that the onset of searching was faster in A. makarovi than in N. viridula. Changes in temporal parameters of female replies had negative effect on the searching behaviour of A. makarovi. Males located the source of longer female replies faster than the short female call and they failed to locate the source of a female reply with temporal parameters outside the species-specific values. In contrast, in N. viridula, searching males successfully located also the source of a female song with parameters outside the species-specific values. The results are discussed with regard to male behavioural strategies in species with different vibrational communication systems and different male mating investment.
The impact of red and blue light-emitting diode illumination on radish physiological indices
Authors: Samuolienė Giedrė , Sirtautas Ramūnas , Brazaitytė Aušra , Sakalauskaitė Jurga , Sakalauskienė Sandra , Duchovskis Pavelas 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of red (638 nm) and blue (455 nm) light produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on physiological indices (net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, leaf area, leaf dry weight, hypocotyl length and diameter, plant length, developed leaves), variation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in radish (Raphanus sativus L., var. ‘Faraon’). Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (total PPFD - 200 μmol m−2 s−1; 16 h photoperiod; 14/18°C night/day temperature). The LED conditions: 638 nm; 638 + 5% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 + 669 nm. Our results showed that radishes grown under red (638 nm) alone were elongated, and the formation of hypocotyl was weak. The net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, and leaf dry weight also were low due to the low accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in leaves. The supplemented blue (455 nm) light was necessary for the non-structural carbohydrates distribution between radish storage organs and leaves which resulted in hypocotyl thickening. Red alone (638 nm) or in combination with far-red (731 nm), or red669 for radish generative development was required.
Modeling circadian clocks: From equations to oscillations
Authors: Gonze Didier 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated at the cellular level by a small but tightly regulated genetic network. In higher eukaryotes, interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops form the core of this network, which ensures the activation of the right genes (proteins) at the right time of the day. Understanding how such a complex molecular network can generate robust, self-sustained oscillations and accurately responds to signals from the environment (such as light and temperature) is greatly helped by mathematical modeling. In the present paper we review some mathematical models for circadian clocks, ranging from abstract, phenomenological models to the most detailed molecular models. We explain how the equations are derived, highlighting the challenges for the modelers, and how the models are analyzed. We show how to compute bifurcation diagrams, entrainment, and phase response curves. In the subsequent paper, we discuss, through a selection of examples, how modeling efforts have contributed to a better understanding of the dynamics of the circadian regulatory network.
Modeling circadian clocks: Roles, advantages, and limitations
Authors: Gonze Didier 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations characterized by a period of about 24h. They constitute the biological rhythms with the longest period known to be generated at the molecular level. The abundance of genetic information and the complexity of the molecular circuitry make circadian clocks a system of choice for theoretical studies. Many mathematical models have been proposed to understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underly these circadian oscillations and to account for their dynamic properties (temperature compensation, entrainment by light dark cycles, phase shifts by light pulses, rhythm splitting, robustness to molecular noise, intercellular synchronization). The roles and advantages of modeling are discussed and illustrated using a variety of selected examples. This survey will lead to the proposal of an integrated view of the circadian system in which various aspects (interlocked feedback loops, inter-cellular coupling, and stochasticity) should be considered together to understand the design and the dynamics of circadian clocks. Some limitations of these models are commented and challenges for the future identified.
A Descriptive Study of Pressure Pain Threshold at 2 Standardized Sites in People With Acute or Subacute Neck Pain
Authors: Walton David , MacDermid Joy , Nielson Warren , Teasell Robert , Nailer Tamara , Maheu Phillippe 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Cross-sectional convenience sample. Objectives To describe the distribution of scores for pressure pain threshold (PPT) at 2 standardized testing sites in people with neck pain of less than 90 days' duration: the angle of the upper trapezius and the belly of the tibialis anterior. A secondary objective was to identify important influences on PPT. Background PPT may be a valuable assessment and prognostic indicator for people with neck pain. However, to facilitate interpretation of scores, knowledge of means and variance for the target population, as well as factors that might influence scores, is needed. Methods Participants were recruited from community-based physiotherapy clinics and underwent PPT testing using a digital algometer and standardized protocol. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviations, quartiles, skewness, and kurtosis) were calculated for the 2 sites. Simple bivariate tests of association were conducted to explore potential moderators. Results A positively skewed distribution was described for the 2 standardized sites. Significant moderators were sex (male higher than female), age (r = 0.22), and self-reported pain intensity (r = −0.24). Neither litigation status nor most symptomatic/least symptomatic side influenced PPT. Conclusions This manuscript presents information regarding the expected scores for PPT testing in people with acute or subacute neck pain. Clinicians can compare the results of individual patients against these population values, and researchers can incorporate the significant confounders of age, sex, and self-reported pain intensity into future research designs. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):651–657. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3667
Evaluating the Utility of a Bipolar Self-Test Screening Measure
Authors: Parker Gordon , Blanch Bianca , Fletcher Kathryn , Greenfield Leah 
Published: September 2011

Objective: To detail the methodology of an online study designed to test the utility of a bipolar self-test screening measure. Method: We describe the current technical success of an online methodology in recruiting a large sample with minimal cost. Results: Over some six months, more than 120 000 people accessed the Black Dog Institute Bipolar Self-Test, with screening criteria allowing a cohort to be recruited. Conclusion: This paper details the overall study strategy that will be reported on after a large finite sample has been derived.
Building Consumers in to Service Evaluation: Development of the MH-CoPES Framework in New South Wales
Authors: Malins Gillian , Oakley Karen , Doyle Rebecca 
Published: September 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper is to present the Mental Health Consumer Perceptions and Experiences of Services (MH-CoPES) Framework and discuss its development. The Framework was developed to address the need for a consistent approach across New South Wales mental health services for consumer involvement in service evaluation and planning. Conclusions: A four step Framework has been developed for implementation across adult public mental health services in NSW. The Framework focuses not only on collecting consumers’ views of mental health services but on ensuring that procedures to report on and make changes based on this information are in place.
Improving the Care of Mentally Ill Patients in a Tertiary Emergency Department: Development of a Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Unit
Authors: Browne Veronique , Knott Jonathan , Dakis Jenny , Fielding John , Lyle Daphne , Daniel Catherine , Bruce Michael , Virtue Elizabeth 
Published: September 2011

Objective: The aim was to describe the Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Unit (PAPU), established at the Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH) to improve access to psychiatric care for patients presenting via the Emergency Department (ED). Method: PAPU was opened in January 2007. Data was recorded from RMH ED databases to compare ED lengths of stay (LOS) prior to and after establishing PAPU. Interventions including requirement for one-to-one nursing (i.e. one nurse dedicated to the care and observation of one patient) and mechanical restraint and unarmed security threats are routinely documented and were compared before and after PAPU opened. Demographic data and inpatient LOS information was collected by clinicians in PAPU. Results: During the 12 months of initial evaluation we found that PAPU assisted with reducing the number of patients waiting excessive LOS in the RMH ED essentially to zero, due to both expedient transfers from ED and increased direct admissions from the community. We were also able to demonstrate a reduction in mechanical restraint, security codes for unarmed threats and one-to-one nursing in the ED. Conclusions: The establishment of the PAPU at RMH has resulted in significant improvement in the care of patients with mental illness in the least restrictive environment, based on decreased LOS and need for interventions.
Adolescent Admissions to Adult Psychiatric Units: Patterns and Implications for Service Provision
Authors: Park Chohye , McDermott Brett , Loy Jik , Dean Peter 
Published: September 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate patterns of child and adolescent admissions to an acute adult psychiatric unit in a rural city. Correlates of admissions were then considered in terms of service reform for this vulnerable, under-resourced group. Method: The study reviewed consecutive clinical records of children and adolescents who were admitted to an acute general psychiatric inpatient unit over a 6 year period (N = 332). Results: Patients generally experienced numerous pre-admission psychosocial stressors; there were many abuse histories and/or juvenile justice involvement. The principal diagnosis was varied and comorbidity was common. Maori patients were over-represented. The majority of admissions occurred out of working hours and more than half came from rural areas. There was high usage of the Mental Health Act on admission. Common causes of admission were self-harm and suicidal behaviour. The majority of the admitted adolescents required follow up by child and adolescent mental health services after discharge. Conclusion: We identified several reform possibilities, including up-skilling emergency and adult mental health staff in child and adolescent mental health, exploration of alternatives to admissions and specialist service coverage.
Volumetric analysis of syringomyelia following hindbrain decompression for Chiari malformation Type I: syringomyelia resolution follows exponential kinetics
Authors: Coumans Jean-Valery , Walcott Brian P. , Butler William E. , Nahed Brian V. , Kahle Kristopher T. 
Published: September 2011

Object
Resolution of syringomyelia is common following hindbrain decompression for Chiari malformation, yet little is known about the kinetics governing this process. The authors sought to establish the volumetric rate of syringomyelia resolution.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of patients undergoing hindbrain decompression for a Chiari malformation Type I with preoperative cervical or thoracic syringomyelia was identified. Patients were included in the study if they had at least 3 neuroimaging studies that detailed the entirety of their preoperative syringomyelia over a minimum of 6 months postoperatively. The authors reconstructed the MR images in 3 dimensions and calculated the volume of the syringomyelia. They plotted the syringomyelia volume over time and constructed regression models using the method of least squares. The Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion were used to calculate the relative goodness of fit. The coefficients of determination R2 (unadjusted and adjusted) were calculated to describe the proportion of variability in each individual data set accounted for by the statistical model.

Results
Two patients were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Plots of the least-squares best fit were identified as 4.01459e−0.0180804x and 13.2556e−0.00615859x. Decay of the syringomyelia followed an exponential model in both patients (R2 = 0.989582 and 0.948864).

Conclusions
Three-dimensional analysis of syringomyelia resolution over time enables the kinetics to be estimated. This technique is yet to be validated in a large cohort. Because syringomyelia is the final common pathway for a number of different pathological processes, it is possible that this exponential only applies to syringomyelia related to treatment of Chiari malformation Type I.
Standard and cardiac-gated phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in the clinical course of patients with Chiari malformation Type I
Authors: Mauer Uwe Max , Gottschalk Andreas , Mueller Carolin , Weselek Linda , Kunz Ulrich , Schulz Chris 
Published: September 2011

Object
The causal treatment of Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) consists of removing the obstruction of CSF flow at the level of the foramen magnum. Cerebrospinal fluid flow can be visualized using dynamic phase-contrast MR imaging. Because there is only a paucity of studies evaluating CSF dynamics in the region of the spinal canal on the basis of preoperative and postoperative measurements, the authors investigated the clinical usefulness of cardiacgated phase-contrast MR imaging in patients with CM-I.

Methods
Ninety patients with CM-I underwent preoperative MR imaging of CSF pulsation. Syringomyelia was present in 59 patients and absent in 31 patients. Phase-contrast MR imaging of the entire CNS was used to investigate 22 patients with CM-I before surgery and after a mean postoperative period of 12 months (median 12 months, range 3–33 months). In addition to the dynamic studies, absolute flow velocities, the extension of the syrinx, and tonsillar descent were also measured.

Results
The changes in pulsation were highly significant in the region of the (enlarged) cistern (p = 0.0005). Maximum and minimum velocities (the pulsation amplitude) increased considerably in the region where the syrinx was largest in diameter. The changes of pulsation in these patients were significant in the subarachnoid space in all spinal segments but not in the syrinx itself and in the central canal.

Conclusions
The demonstration of CSF flow pulsation can contribute to assessments of surgical outcomes. The results presented here, however, raise doubts about current theories on the pathogenesis of syringomyelia.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study on the Anodic Passivity of Sputter-deposited W-Nb Alloys in 12 M HCl Solution
Authors: Bhattarai J. 
Published: September 2011

The effect of a simultaneous additions of tungsten and niobium on the anodic passivity of the surface films of the sputter-deposited amorphous/nanocrystalline W-xNb alloys was studied using corrosion tests, electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses. The formation of spontaneous passive film on the alloys, which is composed of double oxyhydroxides of Wox and Nb5+ ions, is responsible for their higher corrosion resistance than those of the alloy-constituting elements in 12 M HCl solution open to air at 30°C. The quantitative surface analysis by XPS clarifies that the improved anodic passivity of the alloys than those of alloy-constituting elements is based on the formation of new double oxyhydroxide anodic films composed of W6+ and Nb5+ ions. These anodic passive films have higher protectiveness and stability than those of the anodic passive oxyhydroxide films of alloy-constituting elements, that is, oxyhydroxides of hexavalent tungsten and pentavalent niobium after potentiostatic polarization for 1 h in 12 M HCl at 30°C.Keywords: W-Nb alloys; Sputter deposition; Polarization curve; Passivity; Surface analysis.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7207 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 467-480 (2011)