bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradative proteomics and disease mechanisms
Authors: Lanucara Francesco , Brownridge Philip , Young Iain S. , Whitfield Phillip D. , Doherty Mary K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProtein degradation is a fundamental biological process, which is essential for the maintenance and regulation of normal cellular function. In humans and animals, proteins can be degraded by a number of mechanisms: the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, autophagy and intracellular proteases. The advances in contemporary protein analysis means that proteomics is increasingly being used to explore these key pathways and as a means of monitoring protein degradation. The dysfunction of protein degradative pathways has been associated with the development of a number of important diseases including cancer, muscle wasting disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the role of proteomics to study cellular degradative processes and how these strategies are being applied to understand the molecular basis of diseases arising from disturbances in protein degradation.
Glycoproteomics and clinical applications
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGlycosylation is the most structurally complicated and diverse type of protein modifications. Protein glycosylation has long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many biological processes, as well as in disease genesis and progression. Glycoproteomics focuses on characterization of proteins modified by carbohydrates. Glycoproteomic studies normally include strategies to enrich glycoproteins containing particular carbohydrate structures from protein mixtures followed by quantitative proteomic analysis. These glycoproteomic studies determine which proteins are glycosylated, the glycosylation sites, the carbohydrate structures, as well as the abundance and function of the glycoproteins in different biological and pathological processes. Here we review the recent development in methods used in glycoproteomic analysis. These techniques are essential in elucidation of the relationships between protein glycosylation and disease states. We also review the clinical applications of different glycoproteomic methods.
Absolute binding free energy calculations: On the accuracy of computational scoring of protein–ligand interactions
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Warshel Arieh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCalculating the absolute binding free energies is a challenging task. Reliable estimates of binding free energies should provide a guide for rational drug design. It should also provide us with deeper understanding of the correlation between protein structure and its function. Further applications may include identifying novel molecular scaffolds and optimizing lead compounds in computer‐aided drug design. Available options to evaluate the absolute binding free energies range from the rigorous but expensive free energy perturbation to the microscopic linear response approximation (LRA/β version) and related approaches including the linear interaction energy (LIE) to the more approximated and considerably faster scaled protein dipoles Langevin dipoles (PDLD/S‐LRA version) as well as the less rigorous molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann/surface area (MM/PBSA) and generalized born/surface area (MM/GBSA) to the less accurate scoring functions. There is a need for an assessment of the performance of different approaches in terms of computer time and reliability. We present a comparative study of the LRA/β, the LIE, the PDLD/S‐LRA/β, and the more widely used MM/PBSA and assess their abilities to estimate the absolute binding energies. The LRA and LIE methods perform reasonably well but require specialized parameterization for the nonelectrostatic term. The PDLD/S‐LRA/β performs effectively without the need of reparameterization. Our assessment of the MM/PBSA is less optimistic. This approach appears to provide erroneous estimates of the absolute binding energies because of its incorrect entropies and the problematic treatment of electrostatic energies. Overall, the PDLD/S‐LRA/β appears to offer an appealing option for the final stages of massive screening approaches. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘Mobile transmigrants’ or ‘unsettled returnees’? myth of return and permanent resettlement among Senegalese migrants
Authors: Sinatti Giulia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe importance gained by transnationalism and growing attention for the development potential of migration have recently brought forward a new concern for the issue of return migration. Within this framework, return to the home country is understood as having an increasingly less permanent nature. Transnational movement itself is conceived as a form of return, and the debate on the migration–development nexus considers circulation to foster development as it enhances the flow of financial, social, and cultural capital to countries of origin. Seldom, however, has research taken into account the view of migrants themselves. What are their perceptions of transnationalism and return?Based on ethnographic research conducted among Senegalese migrants in the home country and in Italy, this paper demonstrates the existence, the logics, and functioning of a transmigrant movement made of people who are regular ‘comers and goers’ between Africa and Europe. I show, however, that in the view of these largely unskilled migrants, successful return is still associated with permanent return. This desire for definitive resettlement in the home society must nonetheless be compromised with aspirations for economic advancement and family obligations. Continually delayed, permanent return acquires the status of a myth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic and diuretic properties of α‐santalone fromPolygonum flaccidum
Authors: Mazid Abdul , Datta Bidyut K. , Nahar Lutfun , Rashid Abdur , Bachar Sitesh C. , Bashar S. A. M. Khairul , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolygonum flaccidumMeissn. is an annual herb, native to Bangladesh, and well known for its analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, diuretic, purgative and insecticidal properties, and also for its use against snake‐bites. The analgesic and the diuretic properties of α‐santalone (1), isolated from the aerial parts ofPolygonum flaccidum, were assessed by the acetic‐acid‐induced writhing method and the Lipschitz test, respectively. Complete1H and13C NMR data of 1 are also presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p‐coumaric acid not only inhibits human tyrosinase activityin vitrobut also melanogenesis in cells exposed to UVB
Authors: An Sang Mi , Koh Jae‐Sook , Boo Yong Chool 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTyrosinase (TYR) catalyzes rate‐limiting steps of melanogenesis and thus its inhibitors are potentially useful as hypopigmenting agents. Recently,p‐coumaric acid (p‐CA) has been suggested to interfere with the pro‐melanogenic actions of tyrosine due to its structural similarity with tyrosine (An SMet al.,Br J Dermatol2008. 159: 292). In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects ofp‐CA and two other well known TYR inhibitors used in cosmetics – arbutin and kojic acid – on the catalytic activities of mushroom, murine and human TYRsin vitro, using tyrosine and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as substrates. The results showed thatp‐CA is a weaker inhibitor of mushroom TYR but much stronger inhibitor of human or murine TYR in comparison with kojic acid and arbutin. In addition,p‐CA inhibited human TYR at much lower concentrations than those required for the inhibition of murine or mushroom TYRs. Enzyme kinetics analysis indicated thatp‐CA is a mixed type (for tyrosine) or competitive inhibitor (for DOPA) of human TYR. Potent antimelanogenic effects ofp‐CA were observed in human epidermal melanocytes exposed to UVB. The present study demonstrated thatp‐CA is a potent and selective inhibitor of human TYR and is potentially useful as a hypopigmenting agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On experimental versus theoretically calculated properties of thiadiazole derivatives
Authors: Vasini Enrique Julio , Mirífico María Virginia , Caram José Alberto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe recently published results of a theoretical calculation of the physicochemical properties of acenaphtho[1,2‐c]‐ and phenanthro[9,10‐c]‐1,2,5‐thiadiazole 1,1‐dioxide, using a modified density functional theory (CHIH‐DFT), are compared with our experimental results. The CHIH‐DFT‐calculated IR spectra of both compounds are also compared with those obtained using relatively simple RHF calculations. It is concluded that, in these cases, the improvements claimed for the new model chemistry are marginal. The IR spectra of three new derivatives of 1,2,5‐thiadiazole are also reported and calculated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealing preferential occurrence of non‐arachidonate‐containing phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate species in nuclei and changes in their levels during cell cycle
Authors: Ogiso Hideo , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Yatomi Yutaka , Shimizu Takao , Taguchi Ryo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) are present within the nucleus, as well as in the membrane. In this mass spectrometry study, different acyl‐containing species of endonuclear PtdInsPs were analyzed in order to clearly understand the role of individual molecular species. A (34:1) acyl‐containing phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate [PtdInsP2(34:1)] and PtdInsP2(36:1) were preferentially detected in envelope‐less nuclei prepared from various cultured human cells, while PtdInsP2(38:4) was not a major component within these nuclei. A significant amount of PtdInsP2(34:0) was detected in the HeLa cell nucleus, but not in the A431 and THP‐1 cell nuclei. During the cell cycle in HeLa cells, PtdInsP2(34:0) levels increased in the early G1 phase, and then gradually decreased through S phase, while PtdInsP2(34:1) levels tended to decrease only in late G1 phase and PtdInsP2(38:4) did not change significantly. Thus, individual PtdInsP2 species apparently play different roles in nuclear events based on individual regulation of endonuclear levels. The non‐arachidonate‐containing species were also detected in normal human blood and fluids, suggesting that these minor species may have unique functions in the human body. The techniques used in this study will be applied to clinical studies on a PtdInsPs metabolism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the design of multi‐rate tracking controllers: Application to rotorcraft guidance and control
Authors: Antunes Duarte , Silvestre Carlos , Cunha Rita 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new methodology for the design and implementation of gain‐scheduled controllers for multi‐rate systems. The proposed methodology provides a natural way to address the integrated guidance and control problem for autonomous vehicles when the outputs are sampled at different instants of time. A controller structure is first proposed for the regulation of non‐square multi‐rate systems with more measured outputs than inputs. Based on this structure, an implementation for a gain‐scheduled controller is obtained that satisfies an important property known as the linearization property. The implementation resembles the velocity implementation for single‐rate systems. The method is then applied to the problem of steering an autonomous rotorcraft along a predefined trajectory defined in terms of space and time coordinates. By considering a convenient error vector to describe the vehicle's dynamics, the trajectory tracking problem is reduced to that of regulating the error variables to zero. Because of the periodic multi‐rate nature of the onboard sensor suite, the controller synthesis is dealt with under the scope of linear periodic systems theory. Simulation results obtained with a full non‐linear rotorcraft dynamic model are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of the history of the photoelectric effect and its implications for general physics textbooks
Authors: Niaz Mansoor , Klassen Stephen , McMillan Barbara , Metz Don 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe photoelectric effect is an important part of general physics textbooks. To study the presentation of this phenomenon, we have reconstructed six essential, history and philosophy of science (HPS)‐related aspects of the events that culminated in Einstein proposing his hypothesis of lightquanta and the ensuing controversy within the scientific community. These aspects are (1) Lenard's trigger hypothesis to explain the photoelectric effect, (2) Einstein's quantum hypothesis to explain the photoelectric effect, (3) lack of acceptance of Einstein's quantum hypothesis in the scientific community, (4) Millikan's experimental determination of the Einstein photoelectric equation and Planck's constant, h, (5) Millikan's presuppositions about the nature of light, and (6) the historical presentation and its interpretation within a history and philosophy of science perspective. Using these aspects as criteria, we analyzed 103 university general physics textbooks. Results obtained reveal that these historical elements are largely ignored or distorted in the textbooks, with only three of the texts obtaining a score of satisfactory and none a score of excellent. It is concluded that inclusion of HPS‐related aspects in general physics textbooks can facilitate a better understanding of the dynamics associated with the initial controversy and final acceptance of Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect by the scientific community. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:903–931, 2010
Change resistance as the crux of the environmental sustainability problem
Authors: Harich Jack 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhy, despite over 30 years of prodigious effort, has the human system failed to solve the environmental sustainability problem? Decomposing the problem into two sequential subproblems, (1) how to overcome change resistance and (2) how to achieve proper coupling, opens up a fresh line of attack. A simulation model shows that in problems of this type the social forces favoring resistance will adapt to the forces favoring change. If change resistance is high this adaptation response either prevents proper coupling from ever being achieved or delays it for a long time. From this we conclude that systemic change resistance is the crux of the problem and must be solved first. An example of how this might be done is presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trusted intrusion detection architecture for high‐speed networks based on traffic classification, load balancing and high availability mechanism
Authors: Meharouech Sourour , Bouhoula Adel , Abbes Tarek 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring this time when Internet provides essential communication between an infinite number of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for commerce, security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with. However, traditional widely used security methods such as firewalls, cryptography and intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been unable to provide an effective security mechanism for defending high‐speed networks. In fact, nowadays high‐speed networks are very popular; they play an increasingly important role in the domain of information technology, they provide us with a lot of advantages, but they present a big problem for security tools; as networks are becoming faster there is an emerging need for security analysis techniques that keep up with the increased network throughput. In this paper, we are interested in the network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs). In fact, existing NIDSs can barely keep up with bandwidths of some hundred Mbps, whereas nowadays, the network speed presses forward 10 Gbps. So, in order to protect such installations, we propose a new approach presenting trusted intrusion detection architecture for high‐speed networks. The approach aims at accelerating the intrusion detection operation and it is based on three main steps: traffic classification, load balancing and high availability mechanism. This paper describes the above‐mentioned approaches and presents an experimental evaluation of their effectiveness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling smoking cessation data with alternating states and a cure fraction using frailty models
Authors: Li Yimei , Wileyto E. Paul , Heitjan Daniel F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe propose a flexible parametric model to describe alternating states recurrent‐event data where there is a possibility of cure with each type of event. We begin by introducing a novel cure model in which a common frailty influences both the cure probability and the hazard function given not cured. We then extend our model to data with recurring events of two alternating types. We assume that each type of event has a gamma frailty, and we link the frailties by a Clayton copula. We illustrate the model with an analysis of data from two smoking cessation trials comparing bupropion and placebo, in which each subject potentially experienced a series of lapse and recovery events. Our analysis suggests that bupropion increases the probability of permanent cure and decreases the hazard of lapse, but does not affect the distribution of time to recovery during a lapse. The data suggest a positive but non‐significant association between the lapse and recovery frailties. A simulation study suggests that the estimates have little bias and that their 95 per cent confidence intervals have nearly nominal coverage in samples of practical size. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conducting‐Polymer Nanotubes Improve Electrical Properties, Mechanical Adhesion, Neural Attachment, and Neurite Outgrowth of Neural Electrodes
Authors: Abidian Mohammad Reza , Corey Joseph M. , Kipke Daryl R. , Martin David C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn in vitro comparison of conducting‐polymer nanotubes of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy) and to their film counterparts is reported. Impedance, charge‐capacity density (CCD), tendency towards delamination, and neurite outgrowth are compared. For the same deposition charge density, PPy films and nanotubes grow relatively faster vertically, while PEDOT films and nanotubes grow more laterally. For the same deposition charge density (1.44 C cm−2), PPy nanotubes and PEDOT nanotubes have lower impedance (19.5 ± 2.1 kΩ for PPy nanotubes and 2.5 ± 1.4 kΩ for PEDOT nanotubes at 1 kHz) and higher CCD (184 ± 5.3 mC cm−2 for PPy nanotubes and 392 ± 6.2 mC cm−2 for PEDOT nanotubes) compared to their film counterparts. However, PEDOT nanotubes decrease the impedance of neural‐electrode sites by about two orders of magnitude (bare iridium 468.8 ± 13.3 kΩ at 1 kHz) and increase capacity of charge density by about three orders of magnitude (bare iridium 0.1 ± 0.5 mC cm−2). During cyclic voltammetry measurements, both PPy and PEDOT nanotubes remain adherent on the surface of the silicon dioxide while PPy and PEDOT films delaminate. In experiments of primary neurons with conducting‐polymer nanotubes, cultured dorsal root ganglion explants remain more intact and exhibit longer neurites (1400 ± 95 µm for PPy nanotubes and 2100 ± 150 µm for PEDOT nanotubes) than their film counterparts. These findings suggest that conducting‐polymer nanotubes may improve the long‐term function of neural microelectrodes.
Dimethoate‐induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and the protective effect of Vitamins C and E in vitro
Authors: Abdallah Fatma Ben , Gargouri Bochra , Bejaoui Hafedh , Lassoued Saloua , Ammar‐Keskes Leila 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOrganophosphorus insecticides may induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals and alteration in the antioxidant system. The aim of this study was to examine the potency of Dimethoate (Dim) to induce oxidative stress response in human erythrocyte in vitro and the role of Vitamins C (Vit C) and E (Vit E) in alleviating the cytotoxic effects. Erythrocytes were divided into three groups. The first group, erythrocytes were incubated for 4 h at 37°C with different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM) of Dim. The second and third groups were preincubated with Vit C or Vit E, respectively, for 30 min and followed by Dim incubation for 4 h at 37°C. Following in vitro exposure, Dim caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes at different concentrations. Vit E or Vit C pretreated erythrocytes showed a significant protection against the cytotoxic effects inducted by Dim on the studied parameters. In conclusion, antioxidant Vit E and C could protect against Dim‐induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and hyperactivity of SOD and CAT in human erythrocytes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2011.
Mononuclear Complexes of Platinum Group Metals Containing η6‐ and η5‐Cyclic Π‐Perimeter Hydrocarbon and Pyridylpyrazolyl Derivatives: Syntheses and Structural Studies
Authors: Gupta Gajendra , Zheng Chong , Wang Peng , Rao Kollipara Mohan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPiano‐stool‐shaped platinum group metal compounds, stable in the solid state and in solution, which are based on 2‐(5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine (L) with the formulas [(η6‐arene)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 {arene = C6H6 (1), p‐cymene (2), and C6Me6, (3)}, [(η6‐C5Me5)M(L)Cl]PF6 {M = Rh (4), Ir (5)}, and [(η5‐C5H5)Ru(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (6), [(η5‐C5H5)Os(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (7), [(η5‐C5Me5)Ru(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (8), and [(η5‐C9H7)Ru(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (9) were prepared by a general method and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds 4 and 5 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In each compound the metal is connected to N1 and N11 in a k2 manner.
Publishing a Master's Thesis: A Guide for Novice Authors
Authors: Resta Robert G. , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Charles Sarah , Vogel Kristen , Blase Terri , Palmer Christina G. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPublication of original research, clinical experiences, and critical reviews of literature are vital to the growth of the genetic counseling field, delivery of genetic counseling services, and professional development of genetic counselors. Busy clinical schedules, lack of time and funding, and training that emphasizes clinical skills over research skills may make it difficult for new genetic counselors to turn their thesis projects into publications. This paper summarizes and elaborates upon a presentation aimed at de‐mystifying the publishing process given at the 2008 National Society of Genetic Counselors Annual Education Conference. Specific topics include familiarizing prospective authors, particularly genetic counseling students, with the basics of the publication process and related ethical considerations. Former students’ experiences with publishing master's theses also are described in hopes of encouraging new genetic counselors to submit for publication papers based on their thesis projects.
Bewältigung chronischer Erkrankungen – zur Theoriediskussion
Authors: Schaeffer Doris 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Ziel des Artikels ist es einen Überblick über die in den letzten Jahrzehnten geführte Theoriediskussion über chronische Krankheiten und mit ihnen verbundenen Bewältigungsanforderungen zu geben und aktuelle Entwicklungsherausforderungen aufzuzeigen. Eine Neubelebung des Theoriediskurses wird als die dringlichste angesehen.
Compliance bei chronischen Krankheiten – Zusammenhang zum Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Loss Julika , Thanner Mirjam , Nagel Eckhard 
Published: January 2010

Einleitung
Probleme der Therapietreue (Compliance) bei chronisch Kranken treten häufig auf. Sie beeinträchtigen die Versorgungsqualität und verursachen erhebliche Kosten. Dass auch das Gesundheitssystem die Compliance beeinflussen kann, wird erst seit einigen Jahren diskutiert. Zuzahlungen, Substitution von Originalpräparaten oder Wartezeiten bei Arztterminen mindern vermutlich die Compliance. Versorgungskonzepte wie Case Management, Hausarzt-Modelle oder Telemedizin haben Potenzial, die Therapietreue zu verbessern.