bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La constitution peut-elle garantir l'autonomie financiere des collectivites territoriales ?
Authors: Guengant Alain 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’article examine la portée de la garantie d’autonomie financière locale inscrite depuis 2003 dans la Constitution. Chaque catégorie de collectivités territoriales est assurée de bénéficier, collectivement, d’une proportion de ressources fiscales propres, par opposition aux dotations et subventions, supérieure ou égale à une « part déterminante » fixée par référence à la structure observée en 2003. Après une présentation des multiples dimensions de l’autonomie financière locale, les particularités de la conception retenue sont analysées. D’une part, l’autonomie financière n’est pas réductible à la seule structure des ressources. D’autre part, la définition d’une ressource fiscale propre par référence à l’existence prioritaire d’un effet base localisé marginalise le rôle de l’effet taux contrôlé par les conseils et généralement retenu par les élus locaux pour caractériser un impôt local.
Aggressive surgical palliation for advanced girdle tumours
Authors: Burd Andrew , Wong KC , Kumta Shekhar M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Background: The surgical management of advanced, incurable, malignant disease presents particular ethical and technical challenges. The clear goal is palliation and the surgical futility must be avoided. This case series presents some particular challenges in end-of-life surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients referred with advanced malignant disease involving a limb girdle were reviewed. Results: In one case, a patient pleaded for surgery after initially requesting a delay to seek treatment from a Chinese Traditional Herbalist. The increase in tumour bulk led to problems with surgery and the patient died in a hospital a few weeks later. This case illustrates ′futility′ not recognized and encountered. The remaining 14 patients exhibited positive palliation with improved quality of dying and appreciation expressed by patients, relatives and staff. Conclusion: In selected cases, with a skilled and experienced surgical team, patients with advanced malignant disease can still benefit from aggressive surgical palliation. The margin of error is small between palliation being attempted and futility being achieved. This considerably adds to the challenge of end-of-life surgery.
Binder′s syndrome (maxillonasal dysplasia) different treatment modalities: Our experience
Authors: Deshpande Sanjeev N. , Juneja Manpreet H. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Aim: Being an uncommon congenital condition, the treatment modalities of maxillonasal dysplasia are not clearly defined. Our aim is to discuss the availability and utility of various treatment options to achieve optimum results. In patients with Binder′s syndrome, the midface appears flattened, the columella is short and the upper lip slants backwards. Materials and Methods: We report here 15 patients with Binder′s syndrome who were operated over a period of 5 years. Different treatment options in the form of correction of the depressed nasal dorsum and maxillary hypoplasia with split cranial bone graft or synthetic materials such as high-density porous polyethylene implant were used. Two patients with Angle class III malocclusion underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement. The patients were followed over a period of 3 years. Results: We achieved a reasonable augmentation of the nose and the maxilla in our patients. We faced complications in two of our patients; in one patient there was fracture of the dorsal nasal bone graft and the other patient had protrusion of paranasal screws into the palate, which were removed. Conclusion: In this series of cases, we were able to utilise various treatment modalities appropriately to achieve satisfactory outcome with no significant complications.
Improvement of a long random skin flap survival by application of vascular endothelial growth factor in various ways of local administration in a rat model
Authors: Vourtsis Spyridon A. , Papalois Apostolos E. , Agrogiannis George D. , Spyriounis Petros K. , Patsouris Efstratios , Ionac Mihai 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a heparin-binding glycoprotein which plays a significant role in angiogenesis and vascular permeability. The effect of various ways of local administration of VEGF on random skin flap survival was studied, using flaps with a relatively high length (L) to width (W) ratio (5:1). Materials and Methods: An 1.5 × 7.5 cm dorsal skin flap with the pedicle orientated, centered, and remaining attached between the lower angles of the scapulae was elevated in 45 Wistar rats in different phases, depending on the group. Rats were divided in five groups of nine. In group A, injections of saline were administered, in equally divided spaces, into flap′s fascia and transposed to a created skin defect. In group B, injections of VEGF were applied subdermally, in equally divided spaces, within the limits of a predesigned flap, a week prior to flap dissection and transposition. In group C, injections of VEGF were applied into a recipient bed′s fascia just before flap raising and transposition. In group D, injections of VEGF were applied subdermally, only in the distal third of the flap and then the flap was transposed to a recipient area. Finally, in group E, injections of VEGF were applied in the flap intrafascially and in equally divided spaces and then again, the flap was transposed to a recipient area. A week after final flap raising and positioning, rats were euthanatised and flaps were excised. Specimens were photographed, measured, put in formalin 10% and were sent for histological and image analysis. Results: Mean flap survival percentage was 35.4% in group A, and 33.7% in group B. In groups C and D, the mean survival area was 56.3% and 80.4%, respectively. In group E, the mean flap survival percentage was 28.3%. Histological analysis demonstrated increased angiogenesis in groups C and D. Conclusions: VEGF application improved skin flap survival when injected subdermally in the distal third of a random skin flap or into the fascia of a recipient area even though the length-to-width ratio was high.
An uncommon case of upper limb pterygia
Authors: Deodhar Avinash 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTReporting images in a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with bilateral congenital webbing (pterygium) of axillae and elbows. This deformity was restricting his axilla and elbow movements. This was successfully treated on one side with multiple Z-plasty. An outline of multiple pterygium syndrome is given herewith.
Single stage reconstructions in head and neck surgery using deltopectoral and pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps
Authors: Nayak Bibhuti B. , Nilamani Mohanty 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTEven though free tissue transfers are a routine in many centres, pedicle flaps still have a huge roll to play in our country. There are many centres in the country where pedicle flaps are in use because of logistic problems. Deltopectoral and pectoralis muscle flaps are usually preferred for composite cheek defects. When both these flaps are used in combination it is a two-staged procedure. We describe a single-stage procedure to reconstruct a composite cheek defect with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for lining and single-stage deltopectoral flap for cover. In the available literature search, single-stage DP and PMMC have not been described for management of composite cheek defect.
Utility of the omentum in sacral reconstruction following total sacrectomy due to recurrent and irradiated giant cell tumour of the spine
Authors: Unal Cigdem , Eren Guler Gamze , Isil Eda , Alponat Ahmet , Sarlak Ahmet 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTReconstruction of the lumbosacral region after surgical excision of irradiated and recurrent spinal giant cell tumours remains a challenging problem. In this case report, we describe the use of the pedicled omentum flap in reconstruction of an irradiated and infected wide sacral defect of a 19-year-old male patient. The patient had radiotherapy and subsequent wide surgical resection after recurrence of the tumour. A myocutaneous flap from the gluteal area had failed previously. Local flap options could not be used because of the recent radiotherapy to the gluteal area. Since the patient had a laparotomy for tumour resection and a colostomy, abdominal muscles were not considered reliable for reconstructive procedures. A pedicled omentum flap was chosen as a reconstructive option because of its rich blood supply, large surface area, and angiogenic capacity. This report aims to describe the use of the pedicled omentum flap for reconstruction of the lumbosacral area following surgical resection of a spinal tumour, when gluteal and abdominal flap options for reconstruction are jeopardised.
Skin markings methods and guidelines: A reality in image guidance radiotherapy era
Authors: Rathod Shrinivas , Munshi Anusheel , Agarwal Jaiprakash 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPreparation of site of radiation delivery is an important process in radiation treatment planning and plays a crucial role during a course of radiotherapy to achieve reproducibility of set-up and accuracy of treatment delivery. The preparation of treatment area is done by markings of field center, field edge or other reference point of planned field. Both non-invasive (marker pen, henna) and invasive methods (tattoo) are available for marking with limitations of each. Tattoo with a needle pricked at angle of 30° to 1-2 mm depth to create tattoo 2-3 mm diameter in size is an ideal procedure. Visibility, permanent nature, social-religious belief, and mobility of skin are one of the main concerns about tattoo. Tattoo removal can be done performed if desirable by patients by various modern ways, which will be esthetically available. Dermabrasion, cryotherapy, surgery, QSRL (Q-switched ruby laser) are common methods of tattoo removal. Esthetic dissatisfaction, allergy, dermatoses, keloids, infection, fanning/fading of tattoo are associated problems. In IMRT and IGRT treatment, delivery dependence on tattoo in reduced and use of surrogate markers including particularly for bony set-up and implanted markers (e.g. gold seeds) for tumor localization and treatment verification is increasing. However, these are complex procedures and require an expertise. Ease of set-up and less time required for tattooing are one of the main advantages of tattoo as compared to external or internal marker set-up. Tattoo still remains a crucial method of positioning, especially in developing countries and in palliative treatment settings.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Current scenario and future trends
Authors: Bharthuar Anubha 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn improved understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has led to the development of a number of targeted agents, which has resulted in a paradigm shift in the management of metastatic RCC. We review the current therapeutic strategies for metastatic RCC and present a synopsis of the novel agents in use today with a discussion of the phase III trials that demonstrated their clinical benefit. The management of RCC continues to evolve. The introduction of VEGF and mTOR inhibitors has markedly expanded our drug armamentarium and improved the outcome of a disease that has always been challenging to treat. Knowledge from upcoming trials will help us utilize these drugs for maximum clinical efficacy with optimal dosing and sequencing, either individually or in combination therapy.
Translation of Stem Cell Research: Points to Consider in Designing Preclinical Animal Studies
Authors: Frey-Vasconcells Joyce , Whittlesey Kevin J. , Baum Elona , Feigal Ellen G. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Stem cell-based therapies hold tremendous promise for the treatment of serious diseases and injuries. Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is routinely used as part of the treatment regime for some malignancies and genetic diseases, most stem cell-based therapeutic products are investigational and still require preclinical and clinical studies to support their many novel therapeutic uses. Because of the multiple sources of stem cells, the plethora of potential applications, and the novel mechanism of action of stem cell-based therapies, there is no single set of universal guidance documents that can be used to inform the preclinical development path for these therapeutics. Specific technical issues relating to the transplantation of human cells in animals, new delivery procedures, and laborious methods to characterize transplanted cells can present further challenges in the design and execution of preclinical animal studies for stem cell-based therapeutic products. In this article, we outline important parameters to guide the design of preclinical studies for stem cell-based therapeutics. In addition, we review the types of preclinical studies that should be considered depending on the nature and specific use of the intended stem cell therapeutic product. Finally, we describe important considerations in the design and execution of specific studies to monitor the efficacy, toxicity, biodistribution, and tumorigenicity of stem cell-based therapeutics.
Specimen Collection for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research: Harmonizing the Approach to Informed Consent
Authors: Lowenthal Justin , Lipnick Scott , Rao Mahendra , Hull Sara Chandros 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have elicited excitement in both the scientific and ethics communities for their potential to advance basic and translational research. They have been hailed as an alternative to derivation from embryos that provides a virtually unlimited source of pluripotent stem cells for research and therapeutic applications. However, research with iPSCs is ethically complex, uniquely encompassing the concerns associated with genomics, immortalized cell lines, transplantation, human reproduction, and biobanking. Prospective donation of tissue specimens for iPSC research thus requires an approach to informed consent that is constructed for this context. Even in the nascent stages of this field, approaches to informed consent have been variable in ways that threaten the simultaneous goals of protecting donors and safeguarding future research and translation, and investigators are seeking guidance. We address this need by providing concrete recommendations for informed consent that balance the perspectives of a variety of stakeholders. Our work combines analysis of consent form language collected from investigators worldwide with a conceptual balancing of normative ethical concerns, policy precedents, and scientific realities. Our framework asks people to consent prospectively to a broad umbrella of foreseeable research, including future therapeutic applications, with recontact possible in limited circumstances. We argue that the long-term goals of regenerative medicine, interest in sharing iPSC lines, and uncertain landscape of future research all would be served by a framework of ongoing communication with donors. Our approach balances the goals of iPSC and regenerative medicine researchers with the interests of individual research participants.
Shape‐Memory Properties of Polyetherurethane Foams Prepared by Thermally Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Sauter Tilman , Lützow Karola , Schossig Michael , Kosmella Hans , Weigel Thomas , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, we report the preparation of two structurally different shape‐memory polymer foams by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) from amorphous polyetherurethanes. Foams with either a homogeneous, monomodal, or with a hierarchically structured, bimodal, pore size distribution are obtained by adoption of the cooling protocol. The shape‐memory properties have been investigated for both foam structures by cyclic, thermomechanical experiments, while the morphological changes on the micro scale (pore level) have been compared to the macro scale by an in situ micro compression device experiment. The results show that the hierarchically structured foam achieves higher shape‐recovery rates and a higher total recovery as compared to the homogeneous foam, which is due to an increased energy storage capability by micro scale bending of the hierarchically structured foam compared to pure compression of the homogeneous foam.
Saethre–Chotzen phenotype with learning disability and hyper IgE phenotype in a patient due to complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 3 and 7
Authors: Zechi‐Ceide Roseli Maria , Rodrigues Melina Guerreiro , Jehee Fernanda Sarquis , Kokitsu‐Nakata Nancy Mizue , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita , Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe authors describe on a Brazilian girl with coronal synostosis, facial asymmetry, ptosis, brachydactyly, significant learning difficulties, recurrent scalp infections with marked hair loss, and elevated serum immunoglobulin E. Standard lymphocyte karyotype showed a small additional segment in 7p21[46,XX,add(7)(p21)]. Deletion of the TWIST1 gene, detected by Multiplex Ligation Probe‐dependent Amplification (MPLA) and array‐CGH, was consistent with phenotype of Saethre–Chotzen syndrome. Array CGH also showed deletion of four other genes at 7p21.1 (SNX13, PRPS1L1, HD9C9, and FERD3L) and the deletion of six genes (CACNA2D2, C3orf18, HEMK1, CISH, MAPKAPK3, and DOCK3) at 3p21.31. Our case reinforces FERD3L as candidate gene for intellectual disability and suggested that genes located in 3p21.3 can be related to hyper IgE phenotype. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Power consumption in the compacting process of polymer particulate solids in a vane extruder
Authors: Qu Jin‐Ping , Zhao Xiao‐Qiang , Li Jian‐Bo , Cai Si‐Qi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn innovational vane extruder made polymeric materials endure an elongation stress that was much larger than the shearing stress in the extrusion process. The operating principle of the vane extruder was completely different than that of conventional screw extruders. As the first stage of polymer processing in the vane extruder, the process of solids conveying was composed of feeding, compacting, and discharging. Most of the energy was consumed in the compacting process of polymer particulate solids in this stage. A mathematical model was developed to analyze the power consumption in the process. The model showed that the power consumption was mainly influenced by the structural parameters of the vane extruder, including the rotor diameter, eccentricity, and axial width of the vane unit. The analysis indicated that more energy was used to generate pressure in the vane extruder than in a screw extruder. The theoretical model was verified by the experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Tunable morphology and photoluminescence of poly(styrene‐block‐4‐vinylpyridine)–cadmium sulfide nanocomposites
Authors: Dong Yanmao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(styrene‐block‐4‐vinylpyridine) (PS4VP)–CdS nanocomposites containing different concentrations of CdS were synthesized by an in situ method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results indicate that the morphologies of PS4VP–Cd(II) and PS4VP–CdS were controlled by the Cd(II) concentration and the solvent, respectively. The effects of the CdS concentration on the crystal style of CdS in PS4VP–CdS and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the PS4VP–CdS were also examined. By a comparison of the PL spectra of PS4VP–CdS in solutions, films, and powders, the PL mechanism of PS4VP–CdS was also delivered. The PS4VP–CdS nanocomposite shows potential for application in water‐soluble fluorescence probes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Novel PDMS‐based membranes: Sodium chloride and glucose permeability
Authors: Naeimi Mitra , Karkhaneh Akbar , Barzin Jalal , Khorasani Mohammad Taghi , Ghaffarieh Alireza 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPermeation of sodium chloride and glucose through polydimethylsiloxane‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PDMS‐PNIPAAm) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of two different microstructures was investigated. We have successfully developed small‐molecule permeable IPNs, by modifying PDMS film structure. A group of PDMS films was prepared using conventional solvent casting (SC) method and another group produced by introducing oil, followed by SC and leaching the oil out (SCOL method). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection fourier transformer infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of PNIPAAm in the SC and SCOL IPNs. Results obtained from spectra of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that these IPNs had a phase transition temperature at about 32°C. Permeation measurements showed that the presence of PNIPAAm as the second phase in the IPN, improved the permeability of PDMS film. According to the results, maximum permeation coefficient was related to SCOL IPN containing 15.8% ± 0.3%PNIPAAm, at 23°C (5.98 × 10−7 ± 7.93 × 10−9 cm2/s for sodium chloride and 3.6 × 10−7 ± 7 × 10−9 cm2/s for glucose). These results suggested that these PDMS‐PNIPAAm IPNs with sodium chloride and glucose permeability may be further developed as ophthalmic biomaterials or corneal replacements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Mechanical properties of surface‐treated banana fiber/polylactic acid biocomposites: A comparative study of theoretical and experimental values
Authors: Jandas P. J. , Mohanty S. , Nayak S. K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCurrent study evaluates the effect of fiber surface treatments on the mechanical properties of banana fiber (BF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites. Experimental results indicate increase in tensile modulus and strength upon surface treatments of BF with various silanes (APS and Si69) and NaOH. Approximately, an increase of 136% in tensile strength and 49% in impact strength was obtained in case of biocomposites with Si69‐treated BF compared with the untreated BF biocomposites. Also, experimentally determined mechanical modulus of untreated and surface‐treated BF biocomposite has been compared with the mechanical modulus calculated using various micromechanical models. Models such as Hirsch's, modified Bawyer and Bader's, and Brodnyan model showed good agreement with the experimentally determined results. Similarly, other models like Halpin‐Tsai, Nielson modified Halpin‐Tsai, and Cox's model also have been tried for the comparative study with the experimental data. Surface modification of BF showed increased interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix which was evident from lowered difference between the experimentally and theoretically derived mechanical modulus. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013