bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic reactor for continuous cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Edlich Astrid , Magdanz Veronika , Rasch Detlev , Demming Stefanie , Aliasghar Zadeh Shobeir , Segura Rodrigo , Kähler Christian , Radespiel Rolf , Büttgenbach Stephanus , Franco‐Lara Ezequiel , Krull Rainer 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA diffusion‐based microreactor system operated with a reaction volume of 8 μL is presented and characterized to intensify the process understanding in microscale cultivations. Its potential as screening tool for biological processes is evaluated. The advantage of the designed microbioreactor is the use for the continuous cultivation mode by integrating online measurement technique for dissolved oxygen (DO) and optical density (OD). A further advantage is the broaden application for biological systems. The bioreactor geometry was chosen to achieve homogeneous flow during continuous process operation. The device consisted of a microstructured top layer made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which was designed and fabricated using UV‐depth and soft lithography assembled with a glass bottom. CFD simulation data used for geometry design were verified via microparticle‐image‐velocimetry (μPIV). In the used microreactor geometry no concentration gradients occurred along the entire reaction volume because of rapid diffusive mixing, the homogeneous medium flow inside the growth chamber of the microreactor could be realized. Undesirable bubble formation before and during operation was reduced by using degassed medium as well as moistened and moderate incident air flow above the gas permeable PDMS membrane. Because of this a passive oxygen supply of the culture medium in the device is ensured by diffusion through the PDMS membrane. The oxygen supply itself was monitored online via integrated DO sensors based on a fluorescent dye complex. An adequate overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient KLa as well as mechanical stability of the device were accomplished for a membrane thickness of 300 μm. Experimental investigations considering measurements of OD (online) and several metabolite concentrations (offline) in a modified Verduyn medium. The used model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 2155 tended to strong reactor wall growth resembling a biofilm. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Thermal stability of carbonic anhydrase immobilized within polyurethane foam
Authors: Kanbar Bora , Ozdemir Ekrem 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThermal stability of carbonic anhydrase (CA) immobilized within polyurethane (PU) foam was investigated. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was estimated by using p‐nitrophenyl acetate (p‐NPA) as the substrate in tris buffer containing 10% acetonitrile. The immobilized CA was stable during the repeatable washings and stability tests over 45 days stored in tris buffer at ambient conditions indicating that the CA was covalently attached to the polyurethane (PU) foam by crosslinking. The immobilized CA was found to be 98% stable below 50°C, whereas a drastic decrease was seen at temperatures between 50 and 60°C. The optimum temperature for the immobilized CA was found to be 45°C and it lost its activity completely at 60°C. Thermal deactivation energies for the free and immobilized CA were estimated to be 29 and 86 kcal/mol, respectively. The association of unfolded CA with the polymeric backbone chains of the PU foam was also addressed. It was concluded that the immobilized CA was highly stable at temperatures less than 50°C and could be used in biomimetic CO2 sequestration processes. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
The arterial supply of the long head of biceps tendon: Anatomical study with implications for tendon rupture
Authors: Cheng Nicholas Mauwei , Pan Wei‐Ren , Vally Fatima , Le Roux Cara Michelle , Richardson Martin Donald 
Published: April 2010

AbstractZones of hypovascularity are thought to exist in several tendons of the shoulder, contributing to localized tendon weakness and subsequent rupture in clinical practice. Although these zones have been demonstrated in many frequently ruptured tendons, the existence of a similar area in the often ruptured long head of biceps (LHB) tendon is largely unknown. Twenty cadaveric upper limb specimens were dissected after injection with either a radio‐opaque lead oxide/milk mixture or India ink, followed by histological sectioning of the tendons. The LHB tendon was consistently supplied via its osteotendinous and musculotendinous junctions by branches of the thoracoacromial and brachial arteries respectively. In two specimens, additional branches from the anterior circumflex humeral artery travelling in a mesotenon vascularized the midsection of tendon. These source arteries divided the LHB tendon into either two or three vascular territories, depending upon the presence of the mesotenon‐derived vascular supply. A zone of hypovascularity was consistently found in the region of the LHB tendon most frequently prone to rupture. This zone covered an area 1.2–3 cm from the tendon origin, extending from midway through the glenohumeral joint to the proximal inter‐tubercular groove. This hypovascular region occurred on the border of two adjacent vascular territories, where reduced caliber choke vessels provide limited arterial supply. While it is probable that the limited arterial supply contributes to the susceptibility of this area to rupture, similar to other tendons the true pathogenesis is likely to be a combination of both vascular and mechanical factors. Clin. Anat. 23:683–692, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In‐laboratory diffraction‐enhanced X‐ray imaging for articular cartilage
Authors: Muehleman Carol , Fogarty Daniel , Reinhart Benjamin , Tzvetkov Tochko , Li Jun , Nesch Ivan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe loss of articular cartilage characteristic of osteoarthritis can only be diagnosed by joint space narrowing when conventional radiography is used. This is due to the lack of X‐ray contrast of soft tissues. Whereas conventional radiography harnesses the X‐ray attenuation properties of tissues, Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (DEI), a novel radiographic technique, allows the visualization of soft tissues simultaneous with calcified tissues by virtue of its ability to not only harness X‐ray attenuation but also the X‐ray refraction from tissue boundaries. Previously, DEI was dependent upon synchrotron X‐rays, but more recently, the development of nonsynchrotron DEI units has been explored. These developments serve to elaborate the full potential of radiography. Here, we tested the potential of an in‐laboratory DEI system, called Diffraction‐Enhanced X‐ray Imaging (DEXI), to render images of articular cartilage displaying varying degrees of degradation, ex vivo. DEXI allowed visualization of even early stages of cartilage degeneration such as surface fibrillation. This may be of eventual clinical significance for the diagnosis of early stages of degeneration, or at the very least, to visualize soft tissue degeneration simultaneous with bone changes. Clin. Anat. 23:530–538, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topographical anatomy of Spiegel's lobe and its adjacent organs in mid‐term fetuses: Its implication on the development of the lesser sac and adult morphology of the upper abdomen
Authors: Hwang Si Eun , Cho Baik Hwan , Hirai Ichiro , Kim Hyoung Tae , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Fujimiya Mineko , Murakami Gen , Kimura Wataru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAt 8–16 weeks of gestation, Spiegel's lobe of the caudate lobe appears as a sac‐like herniation of the liver parenchyma between the inferior vena cava and ductus venosus or Arantius' duct. In 5 of 11 fetuses at 20–30 weeks of gestation, we found that an external notch was formed into the posterior aspect of the caudate lobe by a peritoneal fold containing the left gastric artery. This notch appeared to correspond to that observed in adults, which is usually seen at the antero‐inferior margin of the lobe after rotation of the lobe along the horizontal or transverse axis. However, the notch did not accompany two of the three fetuses in which the left hepatic artery originated from the left gastric artery. Notably, until 9–10 weeks of gestation, the inferior and left part of Spiegel's lobe rode over the hepatoduodenal ligament and protruded medially into the lesser sac (bursa omentalis) behind the stomach. Thus, the fetal Winslow's foramen was located at the “superior” side of the ligament. However, as seen in adults, the protruding Spiegel's lobe was located at the posterior side of the lesser omentum. Therefore, a hypothetical rotation along the transverse axis in the later stages of development seems necessary to explain this repositioning. Considering that Spiegel's lobe develops faster than surrounding structures, it is likely that the lesser sac resulting from the rotation of the gastrointestinal tract, which actively contributes to facilitate the growth of the Spiegel lobe. Clin. Anat. 23:712–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remote laboratory for marine vehicles experimentation
Authors: Velasco F. J. , Revestido E. , Moyano E. , López E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article describes a remote experimentation environment for marine vehicles (Hardware and Software) and its application in engineering education. The laboratory has an in‐scale model of a turbo‐ferry tf‐120 which keeps all the hydrodynamic characteristics of the full‐scale vessel. The physical model was developed to be autonomous and is controlled remotely from a PC using Wi‐Fi communications. It has the instruments commonly used in vessels such as: GPS, UMI, accelerometers and gyrocompass. A simulation of a manoeuvring model has been developed based on geometrical definitions and compared to a heading identified model. The possibilities of the remote laboratory for engineering education are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 728–740, 2012
Prediction of Activity Coefficients for Uni‐univalent Electrolytes in Pure Aqueous Solution
Authors: Partanen J. I. , Salmimies R. K. , Partanen L. J. , Louhi‐Kultanen M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractParameter‐free activity coefficient equations were tested in addition to those containing one, two, three or four electrolyte‐dependent parameters with the experimental activity coefficients obtained from the literature data for aqueous solutions of the following electrolytes at 298.15 K: KCl, NaCl, RbCl, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, KI, RbI, KNO3, and KH2PO4. The experimental activity coefficients of each electrolyte considered can be reproduced within the uncertainty of the measurements up to the molality of the saturated solution by using a three‐parameter equation of the extended Hückel type. The best Hückel equations are given for all electrolytes in question. The results from the present studies reveal that the parameter‐free equations can be reliably used in thermodynamic studies only for very dilute electrolyte solutions. On the other hand, in most cases, a good agreement with the experimental data is obtained with the one‐parameter equations of Bromley [14] and Kusik and Meissner [13], with the two‐parameter equation of Bretti et al. [15], and with the three‐ or four‐parameter equation of Hamer and Wu [19] in addition to the three‐parameter Pitzer equation [23], with almost all parameter values suggested in the literature. In several cases, these equations seem to apply to much higher molalities than those used in the parameter estimations. Therefore, the best of these equations may have important applications in calculations associated with the dissolution and crystallization processes of these salts.
Iron oxide particles covered with hexapeptides targeted at phosphatidylserine as MR biomarkers of tumor cell death
Authors: Radermacher K. A. , Boutry S. , Laurent S. , Elst L. Vander , Mahieu I. , Bouzin C. , Magat J. , Gregoire V. , Feron O. , Muller R. N. , Jordan B. F. , Gallez B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of a new MR contrast agent to detect cell death as a biomarker of the efficacy of anti‐cancer treatment. The phosphatidylserine‐targeted hexapeptide (E3) was coupled to pegylated ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) that can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). USPIO binding to staurosporine‐treated TLT (transplantable liver tumor) cells, evaluated by X‐Band EPR, indicated twice as much binding of USPIO grafted with the E3 peptide, compared with USPIO grafted with a scrambled peptide or ungrafted USPIO. In vivo experiments were carried out using TLT cells implanted intramuscularly into NMRI mice, and tumor cell death was induced by irradiation. After intravenous injection of the different types of USPIO, the accumulation of contrast agent was evaluated ex vivo by X‐band EPR, in vivo by L‐band EPR and by T2‐weighted MRI. In irradiated tumors there was greater accumulation of the targeted USPIO particles compared with control particles or compared with the targeted particles in untreated tissues. In conclusion, phosphatidylserine‐targeting of USPIO particles can detect dying tissues. This molecular targeted system should be evaluated further as a potential biomarker of tumor response to treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifactorial, site‐specific recurrence model after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Umbreit Eric C. , Crispen Paul L. , Shimko Mark S. , Farmer Sara A. , Blute Michael L. , Frank Igor 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:A scoring algorithm of site‐specific disease recurrence after cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma was designed.METHODS:Identified were 1388 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma between 1980 and 1998. Clinical, surgical, and pathologic features were evaluated for associations with 4 locations of site‐specific disease recurrence: upper urinary tract, abdomen/pelvis, thoracic region, and bone. Recurrence‐free survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to test associations with disease recurrence.RESULTS:A total of 493 (35.5%) patients experienced at least 1 recurrence. There were 67, 388, 143, and 145 patients with recurrences to the upper tract, abdomen/pelvis, thoracic region, and bone at a median of 3.1 years, 1.1 years, 1.3 years, and 1.0 years, respectively. Pathologic T4 stage (hazard ratio [HR], 2.84; P = .006), positive ureteral margins (HR, 5.71; P < .001), and multifocality (HR, 2.07; P = .009) were found to be independent predictors of upper tract recurrence. Pathologic T3 (HR, 2.30; P < .001) and T4 stage (HR, 3.55; P < .001), lymph node invasion (HR, 1.97; P < .001), extent of lymphadenectomy (pNx [HR, 1.66; P = .002] and <10 lymph nodes [HR, 1.52; P < .001]), multifocality (HR, 1.80; P < .001), and prostatic involvement (HR, 1.45; P = .019) were found to be independent predictors of abdominal/pelvic recurrence. Features independently associated with thoracic recurrence included pathologic T3 (HR, 2.61; P < .001) and T4 (HR, 3.39; P < .001), lymph node invasion (HR, 2.64; P < .001), extent of lymphadenectomy (pNx [HR, 1.89; P = .019] and <10 lymph nodes [HR, 1.58; P < .030]), and multifocality (HR, 1.79; P < .001). Pathologic T3 (HR, 3.45; P < .001) and T4 stage (HR, 3.87; P < .001), lymph node invasion (HR, 1.79; P = .006), occupational exposure to radiation (HR, 2.97; P = .003), and a positive urethral margin (HR, 2.28; P = .039) were found to be independent predictors of osseous recurrence. Macroscopic hematuria (HR, 0.52; P = .009) and obesity (HR, 0.59; P = .027) were found to be protective and negatively associated with upper tract and osseous recurrence, respectively. Scoring algorithms to predict the likelihood of disease recurrence to these sites were developed using regression coefficients from the multivariable models.CONCLUSIONS:Scoring algorithms based on independent predictors of site‐specific recurrence were presented. These models may be used to tailor postoperative surveillance to the individual patient based upon clinicopathologic features at the time of cystectomy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Multiparametric flow cytometry profiling of neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Johnsen Hans E. , Bøgsted Martin , Klausen Tobias W. , Gimsing Peter , Schmitz Alexander , Kjærsgaard Erik , Damgaard Tina , Voss Pia , Knudsen Lene M. , Mylin Anne K. , Nielsen Johan Lanng , Björkstrand Bo , Gruber Astrid , Lenhoff Stig , Remes Kari , Dahl Inger Marie , Fogd Kirsten , Dybkær Karen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and aim:The clinical impact of multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) in multiple myeloma (MM) is still unclear and under evaluation. Further progress relies on multiparametric profiling of the neoplastic plasma cell (PC) compartment to provide an accurate image of the stage of differentiation. The primary aim of this study was to perform global analysis of CD expression on the PC compartment and subsequently to evaluate the prognostic impact. Secondary aims were to study the diagnostic and predictive impact.Design and methods:The design included a retrospective analysis of MFC data generated from diagnostic bone marrow (BM) samples of 109 Nordic patients included in clinical trials within NMSG. Whole marrow were analyzed by MFC for identification of end‐stage CD45−/CD38++ neoplastic PC and registered the relative numbers of events and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) staining for CD19, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD38, CD44, CD45, CD56, and isotypes for cluster analysis.Results:The median MFC‐PC number was 15%, and the median light microscopy (LM)‐PC number was 35%. However, the numbers were significant correlated and the prognostic value with an increased relative risk (95% CI) of 3.1 (1.7–5.5) and 2.9 (1.4–6.2), P < 0.0003 and P < 0.004 of MFC‐PC and LM‐PC counts, respectively. Unsupervised clustering based on global MFI assessment on PC revealed two clusters based on CD expression profiling. Cluster I with high intensity for CD56, CD38, CD45, right‐angle light‐scatter signal (SSC), forward‐angle light‐scatter signal (FSC), and low for CD28, CD19, and a Cluster II, with low intensity of CD56, CD38, CD45, SSC, FSC, and high for CD28, CD19 with a median survival of 39 months and 19 months, respectively (P = 0.02).Conclusions:The MFC analysis of MM BM samples produces diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information useful in clinical practice, which will be prospectively validated within the European Myeloma Network (EMN). © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The pericyte and stromal cell marker CD248 (endosialin) is required for efficient lymph node expansion
Authors: Lax Siân , Hardie Debbie L. , Wilson Amy , Douglas Mike R. , Anderson Graham , Huso David , Isacke Clare M. , Buckley Christopher D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCD248 is a cell surface receptor that specifically identifies fibroblasts and pericytes during development and in association with cancer and inflammation. However, its function is poorly defined and its role in lymphoid organs not studied. Here, we used (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl chicken γ‐globulin immunisation and mice lacking CD248 to study whether CD248 modulates popliteal LN (pLN) expansion and subsequent immune responses. We have found that CD248 is required for complete pLN expansion but not for co‐ordination of B and T cell compartmentalisation or antibody production following (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl chicken γ‐globulin immunisation. In vitro, we show that CD248 expression in human MG63 stromal cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to a pro‐proliferative and pro‐migratory phenotype. This correlates with a proliferating CD248+ population observed in vivo during pLN expansion. Taken together, these data highlight a role for CD248 in secondary lymphoid organ remodelling during adaptive immune responses.
Semismooth Newton methods for variational problems with inequality constraints
Authors: Hager Corinna , Wohlmuth Barbara I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInequality constraints occur in many different fields of application, e.g., in structural mechanics, flow processes in porous media or mathematical finance. In this paper, we make use of the mathematical structure of these conditions in order to obtain an abstract computational framework for problems with inequality conditions. The constraints are enforced locally by means of Lagrange multipliers which are defined with respect to dual basis functions. The reformulation of the inequality conditions in terms of nonlinear complementarity functions leads to a system of semismooth nonlinear equations that is solved by a generalized version of Newton's method for semismooth problems. By this, both nonlinearities in the pde model and inequality constraints are treated within a single Newton iteration which converges locally superlinear. The scheme can efficiently be implemented in terms of an active set strategy with local static condensation of the non‐essential variables. Numerical examples from different fields of application illustrate the generality and the robustness of the method (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Treating depression to remission in older adults: a controlled evaluation of combined escitalopram with interpersonal psychotherapy versus escitalopram with depression care management
Authors: Reynolds Charles F. , Dew Mary Amanda , Martire Lynn M. , Miller Mark D. , Cyranowski Jill M. , Lenze Eric , Whyte Ellen M. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Pollock Bruce G. , Karp Jordan F. , Gildengers Ariel , Szanto Katalin , Dombrovski Alexandre Y. , Andreescu Carmen , Butters Meryl A. , Morse Jennifer Q. , Houck Patricia R. , Bensasi Salem , Mazumdar Sati , Stack Jacqueline A. , Frank Ellen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveMore than half of the older adults respond only partially to first‐line antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that a depression‐specific psychotherapy, Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), when used adjunctively with escitalopram, would lead to a higher rate of remission and faster resolution of symptoms in partial responders than escitalopram with depression care management (DCM).MethodWe conducted a 16‐week randomized clinical trial of IPT and DCM in partial responders to escitalopram, enrolling 124 outpatients aged 60 and older. The primary outcome, remission, was defined as three consecutive weekly scores of 7 or less on the Hamilton rating scale for depression (17‐item). We conducted Cox regression analyses of time to remission and logistic modeling for rates of remission. We tested group differences in Hamilton depression ratings over time via mixed‐effects modeling.ResultsRemission rates for escitalopram with IPT and with DCM were similar in intention‐to‐treat (IPT vs. DCM: 58 [95% CI: 46, 71] vs. 45% [33,58]; p = 0.14) and completer analyses (IPT vs. DCM: 58% [95% CI: 44,72] vs. 43% [30,57]; p = 0.20). Rapidity of symptom improvement did not differ in the two treatments.ConclusionNo added advantage of IPT over DCM was shown. DCM is a clinically useful strategy to achieve full remission in about 50% of partial responders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.