bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-1-encoded antisense RNA suppresses viral replication for a prolonged period
Authors: Kobayashi-Ishihara Mie , Yamagishi Makoto , Hara Takuma , Matsuda Yuka , Takahashi Ryutaro , Miyake Ariko , Nakano Kazumi , Yamochi Tadanori , Ishida Takaomi , Watanabe Toshiki 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Recent evidence proposes a novel concept that mammalian natural antisense RNAs play important roles in cellular homeostasis by regulating the expression of several genes. Identification and characterization of retroviral antisense RNA would provide new insights into mechanisms of replication and pathogenesis. HIV-1 encoded-antisense RNAs have been reported, although their structures and functions remain to be studied. We have tried to identify and characterize antisense RNAs of HIV-1 and their function in viral infection.

Results
Characterization of transcripts of HEK293T cells that were transiently transfected with an expression plasmid with HIV-1NL4–3 DNA in the antisense orientation showed that various antisense transcripts can be expressed. By screening and characterizing antisense RNAs in HIV-1NL4–3-infected cells, we defined the primary structure of a major form of HIV-1 antisense RNAs, which corresponds to a variant of previously reported ASP mRNA. This 2.6 kb RNA was transcribed from the U3 region of the 3′ LTR and terminated at the env region in acutely or chronically infected cell lines and acutely infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Reporter assays clearly demonstrated that the HIV-1 LTR harbours promoter activity in the reverse orientation. Mutation analyses suggested the involvement of NF-κΒ binding sites in the regulation of antisense transcription. The antisense RNA was localized in the nuclei of the infected cells. The expression of this antisense RNA suppressed HIV-1 replication for more than one month. Furthermore, the specific knockdown of this antisense RNA enhanced HIV-1 gene expression and replication.

Conclusions
The results of the present study identified an accurate structure of the major form of antisense RNAs expressed from the HIV-1NL4–3 provirus and demonstrated its nuclear localization. Functional studies collectively demonstrated a new role of the antisense RNA in viral replication. Thus, we suggest a novel viral mechanism that self-limits HIV-1 replication and provides new insight into the viral life cycle.
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27): biomarker of disease and therapeutic target
Authors: Vidyasagar Aparna , Wilson Nancy A , Djamali Arjang 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a multidimensional protein which acts as a protein chaperone and an antioxidant and plays a role in the inhibition of apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. In each of these capacities, HSP27 has been implicated in different disease states playing both protective and counter-protective roles. The current review presents HSP27 in multiple disease contexts: renal injury and fibrosis, cancer, neuro-degenerative and cardiovascular disease, highlighting its role as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
The significance of low PU.1 expression in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Zhu Xuehua , Zhang Hui , Qian Maoxiang , Zhao Xujie , Yang Wentao , Wang Ping , Zhang Ji , Wang Kankan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Although the importance of the hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been demonstrated, the expression of PU.1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient samples awaits further investigation. The current study used APL patient samples to assess the expression pattern of PU.1 in the initiation and progression of APL.

Findings
We used real-time RT-PCR to compare PU.1 expression between de novo APL patient samples and normal blood specimens, and the results indicated that PU.1 expression was significantly lower in newly diagnosed APL patient samples as compared to normal hematopoietic cells. Further evidence showed a significant inverse correlation between the expression level of PML-RARα and that of PU.1. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between PML-RARα and PU.1 expression in a large population of AML patients retrieved from the expression profiles. The results showed that PU.1 expression was lower in patients with APL than other AML subtypes and there was also a trend towards increasing PU.1 expression from AML-M0 to AML-M5, with the exception of AML-M3 (APL). These observations suggested that PU.1 expression was reduced by PML-RARα in APL patients. Furthermore, we measured PU.1 expression in APL-initiating cells isolated from de novo APL patients by side population cell analysis and found that suppression of PU.1 expression occurred concurrently with PML-RARα expression, indicating the pivotal role of PU.1 in APL initiation.

Conclusion
Our findings provide evidence that low PU.1 expression in APL patients is required for disease initiation and progression.
Quantitative DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies a Single CpG Dinucleotide Important for ZAP-70 Expression and Predictive of Prognosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Claus Rainer , Lucas David M. , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Ruppert Amy S. , Yu Lianbo , Zucknick Manuela , Mertens Daniel , Bühler Andreas , Oakes Christopher C. , Larson Richard A. , Kay Neil E. , Jelinek Diane F. , Kipps Thomas J. , Rassenti Laura Z. , Gribben John G. , Döhner Hartmut , Heerema Nyla A. , Marcucci Guido , Plass Christoph , Byrd John C. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose Increased ZAP-70 expression predicts poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Current methods for accurately measuring ZAP-70 expression are problematic, preventing widespread application of these tests in clinical decision making. We therefore used comprehensive DNA methylation profiling of the ZAP-70 regulatory region to identify sites important for transcriptional control. Patients and Methods High-resolution quantitative DNA methylation analysis of the entire ZAP-70 gene regulatory regions was conducted on 247 samples from patients with CLL from four independent clinical studies. Results Through this comprehensive analysis, we identified a small area in the 5′ regulatory region of ZAP-70 that showed large variability in methylation in CLL samples but was universally methylated in normal B cells. High correlation with mRNA and protein expression, as well as activity in promoter reporter assays, revealed that within this differentially methylated region, a single CpG dinucleotide and neighboring nucleotides are particularly important in ZAP-70 transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, by using clustering approaches, we identified a prognostic role for this site in four independent data sets of patients with CLL using time to treatment, progression-free survival, and overall survival as clinical end points. Conclusion Comprehensive quantitative DNA methylation analysis of the ZAP-70 gene in CLL identified important regions responsible for transcriptional regulation. In addition, loss of methylation at a specific single CpG dinucleotide in the ZAP-70 5′ regulatory sequence is a highly predictive and reproducible biomarker of poor prognosis in this disease. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using quantitative specific ZAP-70 methylation analysis as a relevant clinically applicable prognostic test in CLL.
Gemeinsame Stellungnahme zur Situation der Bewertung von Ringversuchen für Glucose mittels Systemen f\xfcr die patientennahe Sofortdiagnostik (POCT)/Joint statement on the situation of external quality control for glucose in POCT systems
Authors: Petersmann Astrid , Luppa Peter , Michelsen Andrea , Sonntag Oswald , Nauck Matthias 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer zur Qualitätssicherung laboratoriums medizinischer Untersuchungen (RiliBÄK) schreibt u. a. auch Ringversuche für die Durchführung von patientennaher Diagnostik (POCT) vor. Bei der Be- und Auswertung dieser Ringversuche ergeben sich Probleme, wie z.B. schlechte Übereinstimmung zur Referenzmethode, Matrixeffekte der Kontrollproben, die dazu führen, dass keine Zertifikate erteilt werden k\xf6nnen. In einer gemeinsamen Stellungnahme wird der derzeitige Stand der Problematik beschrieben. So ist die Auswertung zurzeit nur über das sogenannte Consensus Value Model (Mittelwert aus den eingesandten Resultaten in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Methode) möglich, da ein geeignetes Probenmaterial für die Kontrollproben nicht zur Verfügung steht. Der Referenzmethodenwert eignet sich auf Grund der Problematik nicht als Zielwert.
What Are the Effects of Educational Mobility on Political Interest and Participation in the Indian Electorate?
Authors: Syal Reetika 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This article finds, through statistical analysis of the National Election Studies (2004) data, that an increase in intergenerational education levels can positively influence an individual's political interest and political participation. Participatory trends in India are influenced by demographic factors such as caste, class, gender, income, and locality. However, this study finds that education can have a liberating effect from these various socio-economic constraints. It can provide greater access to resources and information, thus helping to increase active political participation.
Computer-Facilitated Substance Use Screening and Brief Advice for Teens in Primary Care: An International Trial
Authors: Harris Sion Kim , Csémy Ladislav , Sherritt Lon , Starostova Olga , Van Hook Shari , Johnson Julie , Boulter Suzanne , Brooks Traci , Carey Peggy , Kossack Robert , Kulig John W. , Van Vranken Nancy , Knight John R. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Primary care providers need effective strategies for substance use screening and brief counseling of adolescents. We examined the effects of a new computer-facilitated screening and provider brief advice (cSBA) system.

METHODS:
We used a quasi-experimental, asynchronous study design in which each site served as its own control. From 2005 to 2008, 12- to 18-year-olds arriving for routine care at 9 medical offices in New England (n = 2096, 58% females) and 10 in Prague, Czech Republic (n = 589, 47% females) were recruited. Patients completed measurements only during the initial treatment-as-usual study phase. We then conducted 1-hour provider training, and initiated the cSBA phase. Before seeing the provider, all cSBA participants completed a computerized screen, and then viewed screening results, scientific information, and true-life stories illustrating substance use harms. Providers received screening results and “talking points” designed to prompt 2 to 3 minutes of brief advice. We examined alcohol and cannabis use, initiation, and cessation rates over the past 90 days at 3-month follow-up, and over the past 12 months at 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS:
Compared with treatment as usual, cSBA patients reported less alcohol use at follow-up in New England (3-month rates 15.5% vs 22.9%, adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.38–0.77; 12-month rates 29.3% vs 37.5%, aRRR = 0.73, 0.57–0.92), and less cannabis use in Prague (3-month rates 5.5% vs 9.8%, aRRR = 0.37, 0.17–0.77; 12-month rates 17.0% vs 28.7%, aRRR = 0.47, 0.32–0.71).

CONCLUSIONS:
Computer-facilitated screening and provider brief advice appears promising for reducing substance use among adolescent primary care patients.
Long-term Effectiveness of Maternal Dietary Counseling in a Low-Income Population: A Randomized Field Trial
Authors: Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Campagnolo Paula Dal Bó , Rauber Fernanda , Vitolo Márcia Regina 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the impact of dietary counseling given to mothers during the first year of infants’ lives on food consumption, nutritional status, and lipid profile of the children up to 7 to 8 years old.

METHODS:
The randomized trial was conducted with 500 mothers who gave birth to full-term infants with birth weight ≥2500 g between October 2001 and June 2002 in São Leopoldo, Brazil. Mothers were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 200) and control groups (n = 300) and those in the intervention group received counseling on breastfeeding and complementary feeding by 12 fieldworkers on 10 home visits during the first year of children’s lives. Blinded fieldworkers assessed dietary and anthropometric data at 12 to 16 months, 3 to 4 years, and 7 to 8 years and lipid profiles at 3 to 4 years and 7 to 8 years old. The lipid profile was the primary outcome.

RESULTS:
Of the 500 recruited children, 397 underwent the 12- to 16-month, 354 the 3- to 4-year, and 315 the 7- to 8-year assessment. The energy-dense foods intake was significantly lower in the intervention group at 12 to 16 months and 3 to 4 years old. At 3 to 4 years, serum lipid levels did not differ between groups. At 7 to 8 years, high-density lipoprotein levels were 0.11 mmol/L higher (0.00 to 0.20), and triglycerides concentration was 0.13 mmol/L lower (−0.25 to −0.01) in intervention children but only among the girls. Overweight/obesity rates did not differ between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dietary counseling for mothers during infancy decreased the energy-dense foods consumption and improved lipid profile.
Experimental Comparison of Cranial Particulate Bone Graft, rhBMP-2, and Split Cranial Bone Graft for Inlay Cranioplasty
Authors: Hassanein Aladdin H. , Couto Rafael A. , Kurek Kyle C. , Rogers Gary F. , Mulliken John B. , Greene Arin K. 
Published: May 2012

Background Particulate bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) are options for inlay cranioplasty in children who have not developed a diploic space. The purpose of this study was to determine whether particulate bone graft or rhBMP-2 has superior efficacy for inlay cranioplasty and to compare these substances to split cranial bone. Methods A 17 mm × 17 mm critical-sized defect was made in the parietal bones of 22 rabbits and managed in four ways: Group I (no implant; n=5), Group II (particulate bone graft; n=5), Group III (rhBMP-2; n=7), and Group IV (split cranial bone graft; n=5). Animals underwent microcomputed tomography and histologic analysis 16 weeks after cranioplasty. Results Defects without an implant (Group I) demonstrated inferior ossification (41.4%; interquartile range [IQR], 28.9% to 42.5%) compared to those treated with particulate bone graft (Group II: 99.5%; IQR, 97.8% to 100%), rhBMP-2 (Group III: 99.6%; IQR, 99.5% to 100%), or split cranial bone (Group IV: 100%) ( P < .0001). There was no difference between Groups II, III, and IV ( P = .1). Defects treated with rhBMP-2 exhibited thinner bone (0.90 mm; IQR, 0.64 to 0.98) than particulate bone graft (1.95 mm; IQR, 1.09 to 2.83) or split cranial bone (1.72 mm; IQR, 1.54 to 1.88) ( P = .006); particulate and split cranial bone grafted defects had a similar thicknesses ( P = .6). Conclusions Particulate bone graft, rhBMP-2, and split cranial bone close inlay calvarial defect areas equally, although the thickness of bone healed with rhBMP-2 is inferior. Clinically, particulate bone graft or split cranial bone graft may be superior to rhBMP-2 for inlay cranioplasty.
Suspended Mothering: Women’s Experiences Mothering an Infant with a Genetic Anomaly Identified at Birth
Authors: Raines Deborah 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:To develop an understanding of the experiences of women who give birth to an infant with a genetic anomaly not identified during the prenatal period.Design:Exploratory design using selected qualitative methods.Sample:Seven mothers of liveborn infants with a genetic anomaly characterized by physical attributes evident at birth.Main Outcome Variable:Mother’s expressions of suspended mothering.Results:Two themes emerged that characterize the experience of suspended mothering: diminished maternal role and false protection.Practice Recommendations:Facilitating maternal involvement in decision making requires giving women unbiased information in a supportive manner.
Validation of the Pain Assessment in Neonates (PAIN) Scale with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)
Authors: Hudson-Barr Diane , Capper-Michel Beverly , Lambert Sally , Mizell Palermo Tonya , Morbeto Kristen , Lombardo Stephanie 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: To establish the validity and clinical usefulness of a modified pain assessment scale, the Pain Assessment in Neonates (PAIN) scale.Design: Correlational design to compare scores obtained on the PAIN with scores obtained on the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS).Sample: A convenience sample of 196 neonates from an NICU and a step-down unit with gestational ages of 26 to 47 weeks.Method: Bedside nurses observed the neonates for two minutes and then scored their responses on both scales. The scales were scored sequentially and in a randomized order.Main Outcome Variable: Correlation of individual item scores and total scores on the PAIN and the NIPS.Results: The scores for individual items on the PAIN were significantly associated with scores obtained on the NIPS. Overall correlation between the scales was 0.93. These associations suggest that the PAIN is a valid scale for assessment of neonatal pain.
Timing of the Newborn First Bath: A Replication
Authors: Behring Anne , Vezeau Toni , Fink Regina 
Published: May 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the effects on thermoregulation of bathing a healthy newborn within the first hour of life compared to bathing four to six hours after birth.Design: Quasi-experimental.Setting: Newborn nursery of a 30-bed obstetric unit in an urban university hospital.Sample: Fifty-one healthy term newborns with a minimum axillary temperature of 36.5°C (97.7°F).Intervention: Newborns in an experimental group were bathed within the first hour of birth; those in a control group were bathed at the standard four to six hours of age.Main Outcome Variable: Axillary temperatures were measured before the bath, immediately after the bath, one hour later, and two hours later.Results: Axillary temperatures as measured at four different times did not differ significantly between infants bathed within one hour of birth and those bathed four to six hours after birth.Conclusions: A flexible bathing time is recommended according to the characteristics and stability of the newborn and to family desires.
Outcomes of Developmental Care in an Australian Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery
Authors: Prentice Michele , Stainton Colleen 
Published: May 2012

Objective:To evaluate the outcomes of implementation of a developmental care model in an Australian tertiary NICU.Study Design:A retrospective chart audit was used to determine the differences between predevelopmental and developmental care outcomes for infants, parents, the unit, and nursing.Sample:Two subsets of infants were selected for comparison: one of infants receiving predevelopmental care (n = 42) and another of infants receiving developmental care (n = 42).Results:Infants receiving developmental care required less time on total parenteral nutrition, required less exogenous surfactant, and had less documented feeding intolerance. Changes were observed in ambience and in the use of space for providing parent-infant care. Also observed was the individualized expertise of nursing staff and of parents.
Swedish Men’s Experiences of Becoming Fathers to Their Preterm Infants
Authors: Lundqvist Pia , Jakobsson Liselotte 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:To describe Swedish men’s experiences of becoming fathers to their preterm infants.Design:A cross-sectional descriptive study.Sample and method:Eight men participated in semistructured interviews with open-ended questions. The interviews were analyzed using manifest and latent content analysis.Main outcome variables:The concepts of control and noncontrol.Result:The manifest analysis of the interview text produced six categories: concern, stress, helplessness, security, support, and happiness. The latent content interpretation indicated that the concepts of control and noncontrol were relevant to the fathers’ experiences. The men’s experiences of early fatherhood were influenced by their ability to experience control. When concern, stress, and helplessness dominated the fathers’ experiences and coincided with low levels of happiness, support, and security, they experienced noncontrol. Conversely, when they experienced support, security, and happiness, they felt that they were in control and able to handle the situation.
Réflexions sur les critères de définition et les problèmes d'identification des marqueurs évidentiels en français
Authors: Dendale Patrick , Van Bogaert Julie 
Published: May 2012

Partant de la définition d’Anderson (1986), nous présentons ici les principaux problèmes auxquels on est confronté lorsque l’on accepte les quatre critères de cette définition, nous inspirant d’un article de Boye & Harder (2009) et d’analyses existantes de quelques marqueurs évidentiels français. Nous examinons le critère conceptuel de « source d’information » face à des critères conceptuels composites, qui intègrent la modalité épistémique, et aux divers types de sources d’information. Nous examinons le statut du concept de source d’information à l’intérieur du sémantisme d’une unité langagière, avec le problème de la polysémie des évidentiels et de leurs valeurs pragmatiquement dérivées, le problème de leur statut comme prédication principale ou comme commentaire de prédication, et le problème du statut grammatical ou autre de l’évidentiel. En guise de conclusion, nous plaidons en faveur de critères de définition relatifs au type d’étude qu’on fait sur l’évidentialité.
Modalité et évidentialité dans pouvoir et devoir : typologie et discussions
Authors: Vetters Carl 
Published: May 2012

Cet article propose une classification des différents effets de sens des verbes modaux pouvoir et devoir . L’hypothèse de départ est que ces verbes ont un sens sous-déterminé leur permettant de prendre un grand nombre d’effets de sens grâce à l’interaction avec le co (n) texte. L’étude propose la distinction de trois niveaux d’analyse : la modalité du faire, la modalité de l’être et le niveau postmodal. À chaque niveau, le rapport entre modalité et évidentialité est commenté. Au niveau de la modalité du faire, pouvoir et devoir ne peuvent pas être des opérateurs évidentiels à cause de leur portée tandis qu’au niveau de la modalité de l’être, modalité épistémique et évidentialité inférentielle sont intrinsèquement liées. Du côté des emplois postmodaux, on observe l’absence de l’emploi évidentiel d’information rapportée de devoir et on suggère que pouvoir a un emploi (ad) miratif.
Revenus féminins et désunion en Europe
Authors: Jeandidier Bruno , Bodson Lucile 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Partant d’une revue de littérature empirique qui montre, d’une part, des conclusions divergentes quant à la relation entre les revenus féminins et la probabilité de se séparer et, d’autre part, la rareté des travaux portant sur l’Europe, nous testons cette relation selon différentes variantes à partir de l’European Community Households Panel (dix pays européens). Nous montrons, en particulier, que la relation positive entre le revenu féminin et la probabilité de se séparer s’explique principalement par les situations extrêmes des femmes : les femmes au foyer qui n’apportent aucun revenu (faible-probabilité de se séparer) et les femmes en emploi qui contribuent nettement plus que leur conjoint aux ressources du couple (forte probabilité de se séparer).