bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On triazoles XXXVIII. The reaction of isomeric 5‐amino‐3‐morpholino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazolylcarbothiohydrazides with ortho esters
Authors: Reiter József , Barkóczy József 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of isomeric differently methylated 5‐amino‐3‐morpholino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazolylcarbo‐thiohydrazides with ortho esters were studied. Except of the case of triethyl orthoacetate instead of the expected [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐d][1,2,4,6]tetrazepin‐5(7H)‐thione (6) derivatives different rearranged products such as 7, 8, 21, 23, 25, and 27 were obtained, derivatives 23 and 27 representing a novel ring system. Possible explanations were given for the formation of the rearranged products.
Fused pyrimidines. 7. Nucleosides of pyrimidopyrimidinediones and pteridinediones as potential chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Nagarajan A. , Meltsner Bernard R. , Delia Thomas J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSeveral nucleoside derivatives of pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione 1 and 2,4{1H,3H‐pteridinedione 2 were prepared. Treating the appropriate silylated nucleobase with 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofura‐nose 3 in the presence of trimethylsilyl Inflate gave 4 and 8 which, upon debenzoylation, gave 5 and 9, respectively. Treatment of 4 with phosphorus pentasulfide afforded the sulfur substituted compound 6. Again, deprotection gave 7. The arabinose derivatives were obtained by treating 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐D‐arabinofuranose 10 with the silylated nucleobases to give 11 and 13. Debenzoylation gave the free arabinonucleosides 12 and 14 respectively. The deoxy derivative 16 was prepared by the reaction of 1 with 1‐chloro‐3,5‐di‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐D‐ribofuranose 15. Deacetylation of 16 with methanolic ammonia gave the α‐anomer 17.
Benzofuran systems. Synthesis and biological examination of 1‐(3‐benzofuranyl)‐2‐phenylethanones
Authors: Kwiecień Halina , Baumann E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNovel 1‐(3‐benzofuranyl)‐2‐phcnylethanones 4a‐d have been prepared by acetylation of 2‐alkylbenzo‐furans 2a‐c with phenylacetyl chlorides 3a‐b. The methoxy derivatives 4b‐d have been demethylated to the corresponding phenols 5b‐d with pyridinium hydrochloride. An attempt to obtain the derivatives of 4d and 5a iodinated in the phenyl ring has been undertaken. The novel compounds have been characterized by ir and nmr spectra and their biological activity examined.
The synthesis of novel polycyclic heterocyclic ring systems via photocyclization. 19. Thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐c]‐naphtho[1,2‐f]quinoline, thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐c]naphtho‐[1,2‐f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoline and thieno[3′,2′:4,5]‐thieno[2,3‐c]naphtho[1,2‐f]tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoline
Authors: Luo Jiann‐Kuan , Federspiel Ronald F. , Castle Raymond N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhotocyclization of 3‐chloro‐N‐(3‐phenanthryl)thieno[2,3‐b]thiophene‐2‐carboxamide (5) yielded only one of the two possible structural isomers, thieno[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐c]naphtho[1,2‐f]quinolin‐6(5H)‐one (6), which was further elaborated to afford the unsubstituted ring system 10, its triazole 11 and tetrazole 12. The structural confirmation of 10 was achieved by the total assignment of its 1H and 13C nmr spectra by the concerted utilization of two‐dimensional nmr spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra, crystal structure and ring openings of 1‐methyl‐6,9‐epoxy‐9‐aryl‐5,6,9,10‐tetrahydro‐1H‐imidazo [3,2‐e] [2H‐1,5] oxazocinium methanesulfonate
Authors: Upadhyaya Subhash P. , Davis Frank S. , Lee Jae Jeong , Zaw Kyaw , Bauer Ludwig , Heimer Norman E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe methanesulfonic acid catalyzed reaction of 1‐(4‐chloro‐ and 2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐2‐(1‐methyl‐2‐imida‐zolyl)ethanones 1a and 1b with glycerol produced cis‐ and trans‐{2‐haloaryl‐2‐[(1‐methyl‐2‐imidazolyl)methyl]‐4‐hydroxymethyl}‐1,3‐dioxolanes 2a and 2b with a 2:1 cis/trans ratio. Besides these five‐membered ketals, the reaction of 1a with glycerol afforded a small amount of trans‐{2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐[(1‐methyl‐2‐imidazolyl)methyl]‐5‐hydroxy}‐1,3‐dioxane (3a, 7%). The reaction of methanesulfonyl chloride with cis‐1 formed the corresponding methanesulfonates, cis‐4, which rapidly cyclized to the title compounds 5. Base‐catalyzed ring opening of 5 furnished 1‐methyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐6‐hydroxymethyl‐8‐(4‐chloro‐ and 2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1H‐imidazo[3,2‐d][1,4]oxazepinium methanesulfonates 7. Acid‐catalyzed hydrolyses of 5 or 7 provided 1‐methyl‐2‐[(4‐chloro‐ and 2,4‐dichloro)phenacyl]‐3‐[(2,3‐dihydroxy)‐1‐propyl]imidazolium salts 12. Structure proofs were based on extensive 1H and 13C chemical shifts and coupling constants and structures of 3a and 5a were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Iminium carbonic acid derivative salts. VIII. Electrophilic reactions of 2‐methylthio‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazinium iodides, 2‐methylthio‐5,6‐dihydrothiazolium iodides and 5‐methyl‐2‐methylthiothiazolium iodides. Part II. With active methylene compounds
Authors: Hanefeld Wolfgang , Harms Helge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe title compounds 1a‐c and 2 werre reacted with several doubly activated methylene components to yield the cyclic ketene S,N‐acetals 3‐10.
Reactions of methyl (E,Z)‐2‐(2‐benzoyl‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐ethenyl)‐amino‐3‐dimethylaminopropenoate with heteroarylhydrazines. 2‐(2‐Benzoyl‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐ethenyl)amino‐3‐heteroarylhydra‐zonopropanoates and 1‐heteroaryl‐4‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐phenylpyrazoles
Authors: Strah Sonja , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn the reaction of methyl (E,Z)‐2‐(2‐benzoyl‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐ethenyl)amino‐3‐dimethylaminopro‐penoate (1) with heteroarylhydrazines 2 in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amounts of hydrochloric acid two types of products were formed: methyl 2‐(2‐benzoyl‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐ethenyl)amino‐3‐heteroaryl‐hydrazonopropanoates 4 in 73‐86% yield and 1‐heteroaryl‐4‐ethoxycarbony‐3‐phenylpyrazoles 5 in 5‐16% yield.
N,N,5‐trimethyl‐1H‐benzothiopyrano[4,3,2‐cd]‐indazole‐1‐ethanamine — A novel heterocycle
Authors: Krapcho A. Paul , Haydar Simon N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreatment of thioxanthenone6withN‐(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)hydrazine led to the benzothiopyranoin‐dazole3, a novel heterocycle, along with the expected compound8.
Researches on pyridodiazepines. Behavior of 7,8,9,10‐tetrahydro‐5‐methylcyclopenta[e]pyrido[3,2‐b][1,4]‐diazepin‐6(5H)‐one with chloroacetyl chloride
Authors: Boido Alessandro , Savelli Francesco , Sancassan Fernando 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFollowing a previous experiment, an original heteropolycyclic structure 4 was obtained by a reaction of chloroacetyl chloride with compound 3 bearing a conjugated double bond system. The condensation develops with an initial NH‐chloroacetylation and ring closure by quaternarization of the pyridine nitrogen. This is achieved through an 1,4‐cycloaddition of chloroketene to make a pyranone ring.
Triazolines. XXXIII. Nonregiospecific 1,3‐cycloaddition of aryl azides to vinylpyridines: A unique route to the synthesis of 2‐pyridyl substituted aziridines via unstable 4‐pyridyltriazoline intermediates
Authors: Lin Zhaiwei , Kadaba Pankaja K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe 1,3‐cycloaddition of aryl azides to the olefinic bonds of 4‐ and 2‐vinylpyridines has been found to yield pyridyl substituted aziridines as the main reaction products with only smaller amounts of the normally expected l‐aryl‐5‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazolincs. Theoretical and experimental evidence are provided to explain the results: based on the fact that the olefinic bonds in 4‐ and 2‐vinylpyridines are electron‐deficient, azide addition can be expected to be not regiospecific. In the bidirectional addition reaction, the HOMOazide‐ LUMOolefin interaction predominates leading to unstable l‐aryl‐4‐pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazolines, which, unlike the more stable 5‐pyridyl compounds, lose nitrogen under thermal conditions to yield the aziridines. At room temperature, the reactions yield the aziridine along with the l‐aryl‐4‐pyridyltriazole, providing evidence for the formation of the 4‐pyridyltriazoline intermediate. Reaction of the vinylpyridines with variously substituted phenyl azides, clearly indicates that the electron donating methyl and methoxy groups on the phenyl azide facilitate reaction, while the electron withdrawing nitro group has a retarding effect. This is consistent with an increase in the HOMOazide energy and hence in azide reactivity. According to the FMO model, the 1,3‐cycloaddition of aryl azides to vinylpyridines appears to be predominantly, but not exclusively, a HOMOazide‐LUMOolefin interaction and provides a unique route to the synthesis of 2‐pyridyl substituted aziridines.
Synthesis of 9‐amino‐, 9‐aminomethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐ and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroacridine derivatives
Authors: Del Giudice Maria Rosaria , Borioni Anna , Mustazza Carlo , Gatta Franco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of 9‐amino‐2‐ and 4‐hydroxy‐ and 2,4‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐acridines 2 and of 9‐aminomethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐ and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroacridines 3 starting from the corresponding 9‐carboxamido derivatives. A new synthetical pathway to 9‐amino‐2‐hydroxyacri‐dine 9 is also reported.
3‐Aminoacetylthiazolidine‐4‐carboxylate esters and their l‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decane‐3‐carboxylate derivatives. Synthesis and stereochemical properties
Authors: Pellegrini N. , Refouvelet B. , Rouland J.‐C. , Robert J.‐F. , Bachet B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDimethyl thiazolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylate 2 and ethyl l‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decane‐3‐carboxylates 3‐5 were obtained as a diastereoisomeric mixture while their 3‐aminoacetyl derivatives were isolated in only one isomeric form. These reactions of N‐acylation were stereoselective, which can be explained by an interconversion of the diastereoisomers via a seco intermediate. The 1H nmr analysis of amides 6 and 11 exhibited the presence of both cis and trans amide bond conformations, whereas only one cis conformation was observed for spiro amides 8‐10 and 13‐15.
Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐c][1,2]thiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxides, new heterocycles
Authors: Coppo Frank T. , Fawzi Maged M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of substituted ethyl 5‐aminopyrazole‐4‐carboxylates with two equivalents of methanesul‐fonyl chloride gave the substituted ethyl 5‐[bis(methylsufonyl)amino]‐1H.‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates II. Removal of one of the methanesulfonyl groups, followed by alkylation of the ethyl 5‐[(methylsulfonyl)amino]‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates III with methyl iodide produced the substituted ethyl 5‐[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates IV. Treatment of IV with sodium hydride gave the 7‐substituted 1,7‐dihydro‐1‐methylpyrazolo[3,4‐c][1,2]thiazin‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐dioxides V.
Synthesis of a novel heterocyclic system: 8‐Fluro‐ 1,2,3,4,4a,10a‐hexahydro‐5H‐[1]benzopyrano[2,3‐c]pyridin‐5‐ol
Authors: Löwe Werner , Witzel Sonja , Matzanke Norbert , Buddrus Joachim 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Synthesis of the title compound is described and its structure elucidated by 1H nmr spectroscopy.
The synthesis of some dialkyl 4‐(3‐substituted amino)phenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates
Authors: Simonič Igor , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDialkyl 4‐(3‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates 1 were transformed into alkyl 4‐(3‐(((2‐benzoylamino‐2‐methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl)amino)phenyl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates 4 and with 2,2‐disubstituted‐1‐dimethylaminoethenes 7 into dimethyl 4‐(3‐(((2,2‐diacyl‐ or 2‐acyl‐2‐alkoxycarbonyl)ethenyl)amino)phenyl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates 8 and their ethyl methyl analogues 9.
One‐step furan ring formation: Synthesis of furo[3,2‐h]quinolones
Authors: Fujita Masahiro , Egawa Hiroshi , Chiba Katsumi , Matsumoto Jun‐Ichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe one‐pot reaction of ethyl 1‐cyclopropyl‐6,7,8‐trifluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (6) with tert‐butyl acetoacetate gave 3‐tert‐butyl 7‐ethyl 9‐cyclopropyl‐4‐fluoro‐6,9‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐6‐oxofuro[3,2‐h]quinoline‐3,7‐dicarboxylate (5). This regioselective cyclization was rationalized by the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases principle. By use of a similar furan‐forming reaction, we prepared 2‐(amino‐methyl)furo[3,2‐h]quinoline‐7‐carboxylic acid 4. Compound 4 showed weak antibacterial activity.
Synthesis of some N‐substituted isonicotinamides
Authors: Černigoj‐Marzi Andreja , Polanc Slovenko , Kočevar Marijan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA one‐pot transformation of some cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls 1 with N‐(isonicotinoyl)glycine 2 and one‐carbon synthons in acetic anhydride to the corresponding N‐substituted isonicotinamides (pyridine‐4‐carbox‐amides) 7‐9 containing a fused pyran‐2‐one ring is described. Compound 8 was further converted with some nitrogen‐containing nucleophiles either to the corresponding quinoline‐2,5‐diones 10‐11 or 5‐hydra‐zonobenzopyran‐2‐ones 14‐15. Under more severe conditions the compound 8 gave with hydrazine 5‐hydrazonoquinoline derivative 12 or even 13. Hydrazoic acid transformed compound 8 to the pyrano‐[3,2‐c]azepine system 16. Diazotization of 1‐amino derivative 10 gave deaminated product 11.
Studies on pyridonecarboxylic acids. V. A practical synthesis of ethyl 6,7‐difluoro‐ 1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐[1,3]thiazeto[3,2‐a]quinoline‐3‐carboxylate, a key intermediate for the new tricyclic quinolone, prulifloxacin (NM441) and versatile new syntheses of the 2‐thioquinoline skeleton
Authors: Matsuoka Masato , Segawa Jun , Makita Yoshihiko , Ohmachi Sbinji , Kashima Tatsuhiko , Nakamura Ken‐Ichi , Hattori Masayuki , Kitano Masahiko , Kise Masahiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA practical synthesis of ethyl 6,7‐difluoro‐1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐[1,3]trüazeto[3,2‐a]quinoline‐3‐carboxylate (9), the key intermediate for 6‐fluoro‐1‐methyl‐7‐[4‐(5‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxol‐4‐yl)methyl‐1‐piperazinyl]‐4‐oxo‐4H‐[1,3]thiazeto[3,2‐a]quinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid (2), NM441, was developed. The crucial points of this synthetic route are the chlorination of ethyl 4‐acetoxy‐2‐(ethylthio)‐6,7‐difluoroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate (12) and the subsequent deacetylation of the resulting 2‐(l‐chloroethyl)thio compound 13 followed by the intramolecular cyclization reaction. Versatile new syntheses of 2‐thioquinoline skeleton were also developed. The first route includes the intramolecular cyclization of the N,S‐acetal 22 which was prepared from 2,4,5‐trifluorobenzoic acid in three steps. The second one contains the regioselective attack of lithium etiolate of ethyl acetate to the novel 2‐(methylthio)‐4H‐[3,l]benzothiazine‐4‐one 29 at the 4‐position followed by the intramolecular cyclization of the resulting β‐ketoester 30.
Synthesis and NMR characterization of 3,4′‐dibutoxy‐2,2′‐bithiophene
Authors: Goldoni Francesca , Iarossi Dario , Mucci Adele , Schenetti Luisa 
Published: April 2009

Abstract3,4′‐Dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene was converted, in high yield, into the corresponding dibutoxy derivative. The 1H 13C and nmr data are discussed in comparison with those of 3,3′‐ and 4,4′‐dibutoxy‐2,2′‐bithiophene in relation to regiochemistry.
Synthesis and spectral properties of 2,3‐dihydro‐4‐(para‐substituted‐phenyl)‐7‐[(o‐, m‐, and p‐substituted)phenoxy]‐1H‐1,5‐benzodi‐azepine‐2‐thiones
Authors: Cortés Eduardo CortÉS , Castrejón Carlos M. Alcocer 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of twelve new 2,3‐dihydro‐4‐(para‐substituted‐phenyl)‐7‐[(o‐, m‐, and p‐substituted)phenoxy]‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones, which have potentially useful pharmacological properties, has been synthesized by condensing the 3,3‐dimercapto‐1‐(para‐substituted phenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one with 3,4‐diaminophenyl‐R‐phenyl ethers. The structure of all products was corroborated by ir, 1H‐nmr, 13C‐nmr and ms.
Synthesis, stereochemistry and anti‐tetrabenazine activity of bicyclo analogues of 2‐phenylmorpholines
Authors: Boswell G. Evan , Musso David L. , Davis Ann O. , Kelley James L. , Soroko Francis E. , Cooper Barret R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of bicyclo analogues of several 2‐phenylmorpholines were synthesized and tested for anti‐tetrabenazine activity in mice. Most of the target compounds were prepared by reaction of 2‐bromopropio‐phenone (22) with the appropriate amino alcohol to form 2‐phenylmorpholinols. Reduction of the 2‐phenyl‐morpholinols with sodium borohydride gave amino diols, which were cyclized to morpholines with acid. Alternatively, oxazines17and18were synthesized by alkylation of phenyl‐(2‐pyrrolo)carbinol(32a)and phenyl‐(2‐piperidyl)carbinol(32b)with 2‐bromoethanol, followed by cyclization of the resulting amino diols with acid. Only the spirocyclic compounds8and9had i.p. anti‐tetrabenazine activity comparable to the non‐cyclic compounds2a‐3b, but8and9were less active by the oral route of administration.
Synthesis and spectral properties of 2‐methylthio‐3H‐4‐(para‐substituted‐phenyl)‐7‐[(o‐, and p‐substituted)‐phenylthio]‐1,5‐benzodiazepines
Authors: Cortés Eduardo Cortés , López María I. Becerra , Pichardo Yazmín M. Osornio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of twelve new 2‐methylthio‐3H‐4‐(p‐substituted phenyl)‐7‐[(o‐, and p‐substituted)phenylthio]‐1,5‐benzodiazepines, which have potentially useful pharmacological properties, has been synthesized by condensing the 3,3‐dimercapto‐1‐(para‐substituted‐phenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one with 3,4‐diamino phenyl‐R‐phenylthio ethers, and subsequently the 1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐2‐thiones obtained were treated with sodium hydride and methyl iodide. The structure of all products was corroborated by ir, 1H‐nmr, 13C‐nmr and ms.
An improved synthesis of 1‐(1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐4‐pyridinyl)ethanone, isoarecolone
Authors: Beach J. Warren 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA convenient synthesis of 1‐(1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐4‐pyridinyl)ethanone, isoarecolone, starting with 4‐acetylpyridine is presented. 4‐Acetylpyridine was protected as the ketal followed by reaction with iodomethane to give the quaterary salt. The quaterary salt was reduced with sodium borohydride followed by deprotection to give isoarecolone in 80% overall yield.
Treadmill running exercise results in the presence of numerous myofibroblasts in mouse patellar tendons
Authors: Szczodry Michal , Zhang Jianying , Lim Chanteak , Davitt Hongxia L. , Yeager Torin , Fu Freddie H. , Wang James H.‐C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMechanical loading is known to alter tendon structure, but its cellular mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of mechanical loading on tendon cells in vivo. C57BL/6J female mice were used in a treadmill running study. The treadmill running protocol consisted of treadmill training for 1 week, followed by sustained moderate running at 13 m/min for 50 min/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining of tendon sections of mice after treadmill running revealed that numerous cells in the tendon section expressed α‐SMA, whereas in the tendon sections of control mice, only a few cells exhibited weak α‐SMA signals. Furthermore, mouse patellar tendon cells (MPTCs) derived from treadmill running mice were generally larger in culture, proliferated faster, expressed a higher level of α‐SMA, and formed more abundant stress fibers compared to MPTCs from control mice. In addition, MPTCs from treadmill running mice generated larger traction forces (169 ± 66.1 Pa) than those from control mice (102 ± 34.2 Pa). Finally, cells from treadmill running mice produced higher levels of total collagen (516.4 ± 92.7 µg/10,000 cells) than their counterparts (303.9 ± 34.8 µg/10,000 cells). Thus, mechanical loading via treadmill running increased the presence of myofibroblasts in mouse patellar tendons. As myofibroblasts are activated fibroblasts, their presence in the tendon following treadmill running indicates that they actively repair and remodel tendon tissue under strenuous mechanical loading, leading to known changes in tendon structure. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1373–1378, 2009
Physicochemical and functional properties of ten cultivars of seem (Lablab purpureus L.), an underexploited bean in Bangladesh
Authors: Mortuza Md Golam , Tzen Jason TC 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Increasing global protein consumption has led to the demand for new sources of food protein, particularly plant sources. Many inexpensive but protein‐rich bean cultivars have not been well evaluated and are thus underutilised. In this study the physicochemical and functional properties of seeds of ten seem cultivars were assessed.RESULTS: In agreement with their sizes, seeds of Airet had the highest 1000‐seed weight and volume, while those of Bari had the lowest. In terms of proximate composition (g kg−1), protein content ranged from 240.08 (Ashina) to 292.63 (Puti), fat content from 31.47 (Goalgadda) to 38.40 (Puti), ash content from 32.80 (Puli) to 45.53 (Goalgadda) and fibre content from 21.90 (Tatulia) to 28.90 (Noldog). Hydration (g kg−1) and swelling (mL L−1) capacities ranged from 1688.60 and 1850.43 (Goalgadda) to 1999.40 and 2208.66 (Rupbhan) respectively. Similarly, cooking time (min) varied from 114 (Rupbhan) to 179 (Goalgadda). Lowest gelation concentration was in the range 80–100 g kg−1. Water and fat absorption capacities (g kg−1) ranged from 941.00 and 644.44 (Ashina) to 1043.33 and 749.26 (Puti) respectively. Foaming capacity and stability (mL L−1) ranged from 443 (Puli) to 635 (Puti) and from 314 (Ashina) to 643 (Rupbhan) respectively.CONCLUSION: Seeds of seem cultivars appear to be a promising food in terms of their protein content and functionality. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
HPLC‐DAD and HPLC‐ESI‐MS separation, determination and identification of the spin‐labeled diastereoisomers of podophyllotoxin
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liu Zhen‐Ling , Fan Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Liu Xiong , Zhan Yun‐Jing , Tian Xuan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpin‐labeled nitroxide derivatives of podophyllotoxin had better antitumor activity and less toxicity than that of the parent compounds. However, the 2‐H configurations of these spin‐labeled derivatives cannot be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. In the present paper, a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) and a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/MS/MS) method were developed and validated for the separation, identification of four pairs of diastereoisomers of spin‐labeled derivatives of podophyllotoxin at C‐2 position. In the HPLC‐ESI/MS spectra, each pair of diastereoisomers of the spin‐labeled derivatives in the mixture was directly confirmed and identified by [M+H]+ ions and ion ratios of relative abundance of [M‐ROH+H]+ (ion 397) to [M+H]+. When the [M‐ROH+H]+ ions (at m/z 397) were selected as the precursor ions to perform the MS/MS product ion scan. The product ions at m/z 313, 282, and 229 were the common diagnostic ions. The ion ratios of relative abundance of the [M‐ROH+H]+ (ion 397) to [M+H]+, [A+H]+ (ion 313) to [M‐ROH+H]+, [A+H‐OCH3]+ (ion 282) to [M‐ROH+H]+ and [M‐ROH‐ArH+H]+ (ion 229) to [M‐ROH+H]+ of each pair of diastereoisomers of the derivatives specifically exhibited a stereochemical effect. Thus, by using identical chromatographic conditions, the combination of DAD and MS/MS data permitted the separation and identification of the four pairs of diastereoisomers of spin‐labeled derivatives of podophyllotoxin at C‐2 in the mixture.