bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning‐based detection of irreversible pulpitis in primary molars
Authors: Ma Tianyu , Zhu Junxia , Wang Dandan , Xu Zineng , Bai Hailong , Ding Peng , Chen Xiaoxian , Xia Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in healthy and inflamed pulp on periapical radiographs are traditionally so subtle that they may be imperceptible to human experts, limiting its potential use as an adjunct clinical diagnostic feature.AimThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an image‐analysis technique based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect irreversible pulpitis in primary molars on periapical radiographs (PRs).DesignThis retrospective study was performed in two health centres. Patients who received indirect pulp therapy at Peking University Hospital for Stomatology were retrospectively identified and randomly divided into training and validation sets (8:2). Using PRs as input to an EfficientNet CNN, the model was trained to categorise cases into either the success or failure group and externally tested on patients who presented to our affiliate institution. Model performance was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and F1 score.ResultsA total of 348 PRs with deep caries were enrolled from the two centres. The deep learning model achieved the highest accuracy of 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.79–0.96) in the internal validation set, with an overall accuracy of 0.85 in the external test set. The mean greyscale value was higher in the failure group than in the success group (p = .013).ConclusionThe deep learning‐based model could detect irreversible pulpitis in primary molars with deep caries on PRs. Moreover, this study provides a convenient and complementary method for assessing pulp status.
Impact of diabetes on the prognosis of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Chen Zhi , Zhang Laijian 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionDiabetes has been related to an increased risk of oral cancer. Nevertheless, the impact of diabetes on the outcome of individuals with oral and oropharyngeal cancer is not clear. In this study, a meta‐analysis was carried out to assess the link between diabetes and the survival of individuals with oral and oropharyngeal cancer.Materials and MethodsRelevant cohort studies for the meta‐analysis objective were obtained through searching electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. The data were combined using a random effects model that accounted for differences between studies.ResultsA total of 10 cohorts involving 21,871 patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer were included. Pooled results suggest that compared with those with normoglycemia, oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients with diabetes were associated with a poor overall survival (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.29–2.22, P < 0.001; I2 = 69%). Subgroup analysis suggested a stronger association between diabetes and poor overall survival in patients aged ≥52 years as compared with those aged <52 years (hazard ratio 2.08 vs 1.34, P = 0.03). Other study characteristics, such as study country, tumor stage or follow‐up duration, did not seem to significantly affect the association (P for subgroup difference all >0.05). In addition, diabetes was also associated with a poor progression‐free survival of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.99, P < 0.001; I2 = 9%).ConclusionsPatients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer might have a poor survival if they have pre‐existing diabetes.
Effect of pulsed ultraviolet light on the degree of antigenicity and hydrolysis in cow's milk proteins
Authors: Salazar Fernando , Pizarro‐Oteíza Sebastián , Kasahara Ismael , Labbé Mariela , Estay Camila , Tarnok María Elena , Aguilar Luis , Ibáñez Rodrigo A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to reduce the quantity of allergens that are causing harm to consumer, it is imperative that the proteins found in cow's milk undergo controlled hydrolysis. Investigated were the effects of different pulsed UV light fluences (0.1–10 J/cm2) on samples of commercial cow's milk proteins (CCMP: casein (CN), α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA), and β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG)) and reconstituted cow's milk proteins (RCMP). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) profiles in RCMP and CCMP, as well as the degree of antigenicity in RCMP, were assessed for this purpose. The DH increased in CCMP and RCMP samples at the highest fluence applied. SDS PAGE profiles showed a decrease in the intensity of the bands of the CCMP samples for fluences of 5 and 10 J/cm2; however, this was not the case for α‐LA. Finally, the degrees of antigenicity measured with Elisa assay in CN and β‐LG were reduced by 24% and 47%, respectively, at a fluence of 10 J/cm2. Therefore, this nonthermal technology could be an alternative to conventional treatments to reduce the allergenic potential of cow's milk proteins; however, future clinical trials to confirm an anti‐allergenic effect on consumer are needed.Practical ApplicationsPulsed UV light is a nonthermal technology of great relevance in the dairy industry. The aim of this article was to generate knowledge of the effect of pulsed UV light on allergenic dairy proteins. Therefore, this article aimed to demonstrate that pulsed UV light can be a novelty compared with conventional methods of inactivation of commercial and reconstituted dairy allergenic proteins.
Prevalence, proportions of elevated liver enzyme levels, and long‐term cardiometabolic mortality of patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ting , Chen Tzu‐I , Yin Szu‐Ching , Huang Chia‐Wei , Huang Jee‐Fu , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Chung‐Feng , Dai Chia‐Yen , Chen Yu‐Wei , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung , Lee Mei‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThis study estimated the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) according to cardiometabolic risk factors. The long‐term impacts of MASLD on all‐cause and cardiometabolic‐specific mortality were evaluated.MethodsWe enrolled 343 816 adults aged ≥30 years who participated in a health screening program from 1997 through 2013. MASLD was identified on the basis of abdominal ultrasonography and metabolic profiles. The participants were further categorized by liver enzyme elevation. Baseline cardiometabolic comorbidities were classified on the basis of self‐reported medication use and clinical seromarkers. All‐cause and cardiometabolic‐specific deaths were determined through computerized data linkage with nationwide death certifications until December 31, 2020.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MASLD was 36.4%. Among patients with MASLD, 35.9% had abnormal liver enzyme levels. Compared with patients without MASLD, abnormal liver enzymes were positively associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities in patients with MASLD (Pfor trend < 0.001). After follow‐up, patients with MASLD had a 9%–29% higher risk of all‐cause, cardiovascular‐related, or diabetes‐related mortality. In the groups with MASLD and elevated and normal liver enzyme levels, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular deaths were 1.14 (1.05–1.25) and 1.10 (1.03–1.17), respectively, and those for diabetes deaths were 1.42 (1.05–1.93) and 1.24 (0.98–1.57), respectively, compared with those in the non‐MASLD group (Pfor trend < 0.001).DiscussionIndividuals with MASLD and elevated liver enzyme levels exhibited significantly higher risks of all‐cause and cardiometabolic deaths and should be monitored and given consultation on cardiometabolic modifications.
Methods for assessing and removing non‐specific photoimmunotherapy damage in patient‐derived tumor cell culture models
Authors: Timilsina Sudip , Saad Mohammad Ahsan , Lang Ryan T. , Hasan Tayyaba , Spring Bryan Q. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTumor‐targeted, activatable photoimmunotherapy (taPIT) has been shown to selectively destroy tumor in a metastatic mouse model. However, the photoimmunoconjugate (PIC) used for taPIT includes a small fraction of non‐covalently associated (free) benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), which leads to non‐specific killing in vitro. Here, we report a new treatment protocol for patient‐derived primary tumor cell cultures ultrasensitive to BPD photodynamic therapy (BPD‐PDT). Based on free BPD efflux dynamics, the updated in vitro taPIT protocol precludes non‐specific BPD‐PDT by silencing the effect of free BPD. Following incubation with PIC, incubating cells with PIC‐free medium allows time for expulsion of free BPD whereas BPD covalently bound to PIC fragments is retained. Administration of the light dose after the intracellular free BPD drops below the threshold for inducing cell death helps to mitigate non‐specific damage. In this study, we tested two primary ovarian tumor cell lines that are intrinsically chemoresistant, yet ultrasensitive to BPD‐PDT such that small amounts of free BPD (a few percent of the total BPD dose) lead to potent induction of cell death upon irradiation. The modifications in the protocol suggested here improve in vitro taPIT experiments that lack in vivo mechanisms of free BPD clearance (i.e., lymph and blood flow).
Timing and responsiveness in American political advertising campaigns
Authors: Banda Kevin K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThough candidates for political office use their campaigns to appeal to voters, they are unable to do so uninterrupted. Prior research suggests that they must respond to the advertising strategies employed by their opponents when determining their own strategies. How does this responsiveness vary across the campaign cycle?MethodsI test how general election television advertising responsiveness varies over the course of the campaign cycle using data from 256 U.S. Senate and gubernatorial contests.ResultsThe results of my analyses show that candidates' overall, negative, and (to an extent) issue‐based advertising strategies become less informed by their opponents' strategies as Election Day approaches.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that candidates use the early stages of their campaigns to find effective general advertising strategies and become less responsive to their opponents once they have done so. In other words, campaigns appear to stay on message to a greater extent as the campaign unfolds.
Experimental approach for characterizing the nonlinear, time and temperature‐dependent constitutive response of open‐cell polyurethane foams
Authors: Tao Jialiang , Sun Xiangyu , Franck Christian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElastomeric foams are composite materials comprising of a polymeric elastomer and interconnected gas‐filled pores, endowing them with exceptional compliance and the ability to undergo large, reversible deformations along with substantial volume change. These foams find extensive utility in contexts demanding compliance and compressibility, such as impact protection and cushioning, spanning a diverse range of applications. Changing temperature can dramatically alter foam stiffness, strength and deformation characteristics specifically around the material's glassy‐rubbery transition temperature (
). With the aim of informing new constitutive model developments for elastomeric foams, we conducted a comprehensive series of large deformation, homogeneous compression and tension tests across strain rates from 10−2 s−1 to 100 s−1 and ambient temperatures ranging from −10°C to 50°C covering an even range around the material's
of 20°C. To achieve precise control of ambient temperatures during mechanical testing, we constructed a custom‐designed environmental chamber for controlling the ambient temperature from −10°C to 50°C with a variation of less than 1°C. The obtained digital image correlation based stress‐strain data shows significant tension‐compression asymmetry as well as significant dependence on strain rate and ambient temperature, especially above and below the glass transition temperature. We provide full access to these data sets for the future development of rate‐ and temperature‐dependent constitutive models.
Memetics and the Parallel Architecture
Authors: Planer Ronald J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe evolution of human communication and culture is among the most significant—and challenging—questions we face in attempting to understand the evolution of our species. This article takes up two frameworks for theorizing about human communication and culture, namely, Jackendoff's Parallel Architecture of the human language faculty, and the cultural evolutionary framework of Memetics. The aim is to show that the two frameworks uniquely complement one another in some theoretically important ways. In particular, the Parallel Architecture's account of the lexicon significantly expands the range of linguistic phenomena that are plausibly covered by Memetics (e.g., from words to constructions and pure rules of syntax). At the same time, taking a “meme's‐eye‐view” of the lexicon retools the Parallel Architecture's treatment of the origins and subsequent cultural evolution of language.
African continental free trade area and greenfield investment: Likely effect and transmission channels
Authors: Shingal Anirudh , Mendez‐Parra Maximiliano 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine the likely effect of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on African investment using data on announced greenfield investment. Departing from existing work on this subject, we add value by providing estimates based on a general equilibrium counterfactual analysis in a structural gravity framework. Results suggest that the stock of announced intra‐African greenfield investment in 2018 would have increased by 0.7 percent from a successful implementation of the AfCFTA in that year relative to the baseline scenario of no agreement, with considerable heterogeneity across source and destination countries. Moreover, the positive effect is found to increase with the depth of the negotiated agreement. Exploring possible transmission channels we find the trade elasticity of announced greenfield investment to be positive, especially for trade in intermediates in African host countries with strong governance indicators. This suggests that, by improving institutional quality and galvanising regional value chains, integration within Africa could also incentivise investment.
Optimized Improved Random Forest-Fostered Glaucoma Detection from Fundus Retinal Images
Authors: Pandeeswari B. , Alice K. 
Published: May 2024

Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness caused by optic nerve damage. The ophthalmologist uses retinal examination of the dilated pupil to diagnose this disease. Since this diagnosis is a manual and laborious procedure, an automated technique is required for faster diagnosis. Automated retinal image processing is deemed a competitive research field owing to its lower accuracy results, complication and improper effects related with it. Therefore, Optimized Improved Random Forest fostered Glaucoma Detection from Fundus Retinal Images (IRF-MOSOA-GD) is proposed in this paper. Here, Images are acquired through the datasets of DRISHTI-GS, ORIGA and RIM_ONE and given to the pre-processing. The pre-processing is carried out utilizing the Savitzky–Golay Denoising technique for eliminating the noise at the input images. Then the pre-processed image is given to the feature extraction phase. In the feature extraction phase, the region features are extracted with the help of the Fuzzy color and Texture histogram (FCTH), Edge histogram and Pyramid Histograms of Orientation Gradients (PHOG) method. Then, the extracted feature is fed to the Improved Random Forest (IRF) classifier for categorizing the normal and Glaucoma images. The hyperparameter of the IRF classifier is tuned with a Multi-Objective Squirrel Optimization Algorithm (MOSOA) to attain better categorization of normal and glaucoma images. The proposed technique is implemented in Java and its efficiency is analyzed under some metrics, like accuracy, F-scores and computational time. The IRF-MOSOA-GD method attains higher accuracy in the DRISHTI-GS dataset at 23.6%, 27.55% and 24.98% higher accuracy compared with existing techniques.
About the solutions of Modified Lorenz system
Authors: Zlatanovska Biljana , Dimovski Dončo , Kocaleva Vitanova Mirjana 
Published: May 2024

A Modified Lorenz system is a system of three differential equations. The third differential equation in the Lorenz system is replaced with a fifth-order linear homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients. In the paper [B. Zlatanovska and D. Dimovski, A modified Lorenz system: Definition and solution, Asian-Eur. J. Math. 13(08) (2020) 2050164], the Modified Lorenz system is defined by offering a solution, but without solving the fifth-order linear homogeneous differential equation with constant coefficients. This differential equation is solved by solving the characteristic equation of fifth degree. A formula for solving the algebraic equation of the fifth degree does not exist. Therefore, solutions for the special cases of the characteristic equation of fifth degree will be offered. The solution of the Modified Lorenz system will be completed using these forms of the characteristic equation of the fifth degree.
Prognostic Value of Microvascular Resistance Reserve Measured Immediately After PCI in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nishi Takeshi , Murai Tadashi , Waseda Katsuhisa , Hirohata Atsushi , Yong Andy S.C. , Ng Martin K.C. , Amano Tetsuya , Barbato Emanuele , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Fearon William F. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) has been proposed as a specific metric to quantify coronary microvascular function. The long-term prognostic value of MRR measured in stable patients immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. This study sought to determine the prognostic value of MRR measured immediately after PCI in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

METHODS:
This study included 502 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent elective PCI and coronary physiological measurements, including pressure and flow estimation using a bolus thermodilution method after PCI. MRR was calculated as coronary flow reserve divided by fractional flow reserve times the ratio of mean aortic pressure at rest to that at maximal hyperemia induced by hyperemic agents. An abnormal MRR was defined as ≤2.5. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, any myocardial infarction, and target-vessel revascularization.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up of 3.4 years, the cumulative MACE rate was significantly higher in the abnormal MRR group (12.5 versus 8.3 per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio 1.53 [95% CI, 1.10–2.11];
P
<0.001). A higher all-cause mortality rate primarily drove this difference. On multivariable analysis, a higher MRR value was independently associated with lower MACE and lower mortality. When comparing 4 subgroups according to MRR and the index of microcirculatory resistance, patients with both abnormal MRR and index of microcirculatory resistance (≥25) had the highest MACE rate.

CONCLUSIONS:
An abnormal MRR measured immediately after PCI in patients with stable coronary artery disease is an independent predictor of MACE, particularly all-cause mortality.
Turn the Mirror of Your Soul
Authors: Stock Wiebke-Marie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plotinus treats memory not simply as a capacity of the soul, but as an essential part of the process of the soul’s ongoing self-formation. Plotinus argues that memory and forgetting affect the soul, now and in the future. Since memories define who one is and who one is going to be, the soul must learn how it can or should shape memories. I address the topic of memory-shaping in Plotinus not only as an epistemological and metaphysical topic or an ethical problem, but as a “psychological” or “psychotherapeutic” issue.
Jesus and the Samaritan Woman
Authors: Yusuf Obed L. , Chiroma Nathan H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the years, youth ministry has witnessed remarkable growth, transforming from a fledgling field into a fully-fledged Christian ministry and a viable profession. This growth gave its academicians the responsibility to conduct research and steer youth ministry in a biblical direction. In line with this great yet noble responsibility, this article explores Jesus’ conversation with the Samaritan woman in John 4 as a basis for developing a biblical model for youth ministry. The model in this article is constructed on a foundation that amalgamates insights gleaned from biblical narratives and developmental psychology. By exploring the story of Jesus and the Samaritan woman, as recorded in John 4:1–42, this article argued that the biblical model for youth ministry is to introduce young people to Jesus so they can believe in him as the Messiah and be incubated in his word to help them develop personal conviction, which will inevitably transform and lead them to exhibit love-rooted, grace-enabled actions.
Certificate of Need Laws in Health Care: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mitchell Matthew D. 
Published: May 2024

Certificate of need (CON) laws limit the supply of health care services in about two-thirds of U.S. states. The regulations require those who wish to offer new services or expand existing services to first prove to a regulator that the care is needed. While advocates for the regulation have offered several rationales for its continuance, the balance of evidence suggests that the rules protect incumbent providers from competition at the expense of patients, payors, and would-be competitors. In this article, I review the history of CON laws in health care, summarize the large literature evaluating them, and briefly sketch options for reform. JEL Classification: I11, I18, H75