bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ectomycorrhizal colonization and nitrogen fertilization on morphology of root tips in a Larix gmelinii plantation in northeastern China
Authors: Sun Yue , Gu Jia‐Cun , Zhuang Hai‐Feng , Wang Zheng‐Quan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRoot morphology is important in understanding root functions in forest ecosystems. However, the effects of ectomycorrhizal colonization and soil nutrient availability on root morphology is not clear. In this study, root morphology in relation to season, soil depth, soil nitrogen (N) availability, and mycorrhizal fungal colonization were investigated in a larch (Larix gmelinii) plantation in northeastern China. The first‐order roots (or root tips) of larch were sampled four times in May, July, and September of 2005, and May of 2006 from two depths of upper soil layer (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the control and the N‐fertilized plots. The results showed that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization rates for the first‐order roots were reduced by 17% under N fertilization. The peak of root colonization rates occurred in summer and was positively correlated with soil temperature. ECM colonization significantly altered root morphology: root diameter was increased by 19 and 29%, root length shortened by 27 and 25%, and specific root length (SRL) reduced by 16 and 19% for the control and the N‐fertilized plots, respectively. N fertilization led to decreased root length, but did not affect root diameter and SRL. In addition, effects of ECM colonization on root morphology varied with season and soil depth. The observed relationships among ECM fungal colonization, soil N availability, and root‐tip morphology should improve our understanding of how root tips respond to environmental changes in soil in temperate forest ecosystems.
Germs, genomics and global public health
Authors: Pang T. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Scientific and technological advances derived from the genomics revolution have a central role to play in dealing with continuing infectious disease threats in the developing world caused by emerging and re-emerging pathogens. These techniques, coupled with increasing knowledge of host-pathogen interactions, can assist in the early identification and containment of outbreaks as well as in the development of preventive vaccination and therapeutic interventions, including the urgent need for new antibiotics. However, the effective application of genomics technologies faces key barriers and challenges which occur at three stages: from the research to the products, from the products to individual patients, and, finally, from patients to entire populations. There needs to be an emphasis on research in areas of greatest need, in facilitating the translation of research into interventions and, finally, the effective delivery of such interventions to those in greatest need. Ultimate success will depend on bringing together science, society and policy to develop effective public health implementation strategies to provide health security and health equity for all peoples.
On an Experiment in the Keeping of Salmon (Salmo salar) at the Plymouth Laboratory
Authors: Crawshay L. R. 
Published: November 2009

For the past two and a half years (1906–8) some salmon, which were reared at the Endsleigh Fishery, have been kept under observation in the aquarium of the Plymouth Laboratory.In sending these fish as smolts to the Laboratory, the Duke of Bedford wished more particularly to obtain information on two questions: firstly, the character of the food of the salmon during its sojourn in the sea, and secondly, the period of that sojourn intervening between the smolt and grilse stages. These and other points of interest that have arisen will be considered in order in giving a general account of the experiment.
Majorization of invariant measures for orientation-reversing maps
Authors: JENKINSON OLIVER , STEEL JACOB 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet the invariant probability measures for an orientation-reversing weakly expanding map of the interval [0,1] be partially ordered by majorization. The minimal elements of the resulting poset are shown to be convex combinations of Dirac measures supported on two adjacent fixed points. A consequence is that if f:[0,1]→ℝ is strictly convex, then either its minimizing measure is unique and is a Dirac measure on a fixed point, or f has precisely two ergodic minimizing measures, namely Dirac measures on two adjacent fixed points. In the case where {0,1} is a period-two orbit, with corresponding invariant measure μ01, the maximal elements of the poset are shown to be convex combinations of μ01 with the Dirac measure on either the leftmost, or the rightmost, fixed point. This facilitates the identification of f-maximizing measures when f:[0,1]→ℝ is convex.
Only rational homology spheres admit Ω(f) to be union of DE attractors
Authors: DING FAN , PAN JIANZHONG , WANG SHICHENG , YAO JIANGANG 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIf there exists a diffeomorphism f on a closed, orientable n-manifold M such that the non-wandering set Ω(f) consists of finitely many orientable ( ±) attractors derived from expanding maps, then M is a rational homology sphere; moreover all those attractors are of topological dimension n−2. Expanding maps are expanding on (co)homologies.
Cohomology of substitution tiling spaces
Authors: BARGE MARCY , DIAMOND BEVERLY , HUNTON JOHN , SADUN LORENZO 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAnderson and Putnam showed that the cohomology of a substitution tiling space may be computed by collaring tiles to obtain a substitution which ‘forces its border’. One can then represent the tiling space as an inverse limit of an inflation and substitution map on a cellular complex formed from the collared tiles; the cohomology of the tiling space is computed as the direct limit of the homomorphism induced by inflation and substitution on the cohomology of the complex. In earlier work, Barge and Diamond described a modification of the Anderson–Putnam complex on collared tiles for one-dimensional substitution tiling spaces that allows for easier computation and provides a means of identifying certain special features of the tiling space with particular elements of the cohomology. In this paper, we extend this modified construction to higher dimensions. We also examine the action of the rotation group on cohomology and compute the cohomology of the pinwheel tiling space.
Pinball billiards with dominated splitting
Authors: MARKARIAN ROBERTO , PUJALS ENRIQUE J. , SAMBARINO MARTÍN 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study the dynamics of a type of non-conservative billiards where the ball is ‘kicked’ by the wall giving a new impulse in the direction of the normal. For different types of billiard tables we study the existence of attractors with dominated splitting.
Well-posedness of some initial—boundary-value problems for dynamo-generated poloidal magnetic fields
Authors: Kaiser Ralf , Uecker Hannes 
Published: November 2009

Given a bounded domain G ⊂ ℝd, d ≥ 3, we study smooth solutions of a linear parabolic equation with non-constant coefficients in G, which at the boundary have to C1-match with some harmonic function in ℝd \ Ḡ vanishing at spatial infinity.This problem arises in the framework of magnetohydrodynamics if certain dynamo-generated magnetic fields are considered: for example, in the case of axisymmetry, or for non-radial flow fields, the poloidal scalar of the magnetic field solves the above problem.We first investigate the Poisson problem in G with the boundary condition described above as well as the associated eigenvalue problem and prove the existence of smooth solutions. As a by-product we obtain the completeness of the well-known poloidal ‘free decay modes’ in ℝ3 if G is a ball. Smooth solutions of the evolution problem are then obtained by Galerkin approximation based on these eigenfunctions.
Patient-reported complications associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection
Authors: SCHÖNBERG-NORIO D. , MATTILA L. , LAUHIO A. , KATILA M.-L. , KAUKORANTA S.-S. , KOSKELA M. , PAJARRE S. , UKSILA J. , EEROLA E. , SARNA S. , RAUTELIN H. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYThis study aimed to investigate the occurrence of complications, especially musculoskeletal symptoms, after sporadic Campylobacter jejuni enteritis of domestic origin in Finland. This multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted during a seasonal peak in 2002. Questionnaires were sent to Campylobacter-positive patients, representing different geographical areas, 2 months after collection of positive stool samples. Medical records were viewed in several cases. Besides antimicrobial susceptibility testing C. jejuni isolates were serotyped. A total of 235 patients (58%) returned the questionnaire and 201 C. jejuni-positive patients were finally included in the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with C. jejuni enteritis were frequent (39%); joint pain was most commonly reported (81%). The incidence of reactive arthritis was 4% and that of Achilles enthesopathy and/or heel pain was 9%. Stomach ache during enteritis was associated with the later development of joint pain. Antimicrobial treatment was common but did not prevent complications.
Ecophysiological traits of grasses: resolving the effects of photosynthetic pathway and phylogeny
Authors: Taylor Samuel , Rees Mark , Hulme Stephen , Freckleton Rob , Ripley Brad , Woodward F. , Osborne Colin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractC4 photosynthesis is an important example of convergent evolution in plants, having arisen in eudicots, monocots and diatoms. Comparisons between such diverse groups are confounded by phylogenetic and ecological differences, so that only broad generalisations can be made about the role of C4 photosynthesis indetermining ecophysiological traits. However, 60% of C4 species occur in the grasses (Poaceae) and molecular phylogenetic techniques confirm that there are between 8 and 17 independent origins of C4 photosynthesis in the Poaceae. In a screening experiment, we compared leaf physiology and growth traits across several majorindependent C3 & C4 groups within the Poaceae, asking 1) which traits differ consistently between photosynthetictypes and 2) which traits differ consistently between clades within each photosynthetic type.
TLRR (lrrc67) interacts with PP1 and is associated with a cytoskeletal complex in the testis
Authors: Wang Rong , Kaul Aseem , Sperry Ann O. 
Published: November 2009

Background information. Spermatozoa are formed via a complex series of cellular transformations, including acrosome and flagellum formation, nuclear condensation and elongation and removal of residual cytoplasm. Nuclear elongation is accompanied by the formation of a unique cytoskeletal structure, the manchette. We have previously identified a leucine‐rich repeat protein that we have named TLRR (testis leucine‐rich repeat), associated with the manchette that contains a PP1 (protein phosphatase‐1)‐binding site. Leucine‐rich repeat proteins often mediate protein–protein interactions; therefore, we hypothesize that TLRR acts as a scaffold to link signalling molecules, including PP1, to the manchette near potential substrate proteins important for spermatogenesis.Results. TLRR and PP1 interact with one another as demonstrated by co‐immunoprecipitation and the yeast two‐hybrid assay. TLRR binds more strongly to PP1γ2 than it does to PP1α. Anti‐phosphoserine antibodies immunoprecipitate TLRR from testis lysate, indicating that TLRR is a phosphoprotein. TLRR is part of a complex in testis that includes cytoskeletal proteins and constituents of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. The TLRR complex purified from 3T3 cells contains similar proteins, co‐localizes with microtubules and is enriched at the microtubule‐organizing centre. TLRR is also detected near the centrosome of elongated, but not mid‐stage, spermatids.Conclusion. We demonstrate here that TLRR interacts with PP1, particularly the testis‐specific isoform, PP1γ2. Immunoaffinity purification confirms that TLRR is associated with the spermatid cytoskeleton. In addition, proteins involved in protein stability are part of the TLRR complex. These results support our hypothesis that TLRR links signalling molecules to the spermatid cytoskeleton in order to regulate important substrates involved in spermatid transformation. The translocation of TLRR from the manchette to the centrosome region suggests a possible role for this protein in tail formation. Our finding that TLRR is associated with microtubules in cultured cells suggests that TLRR may play a common role in modulating the cytoskeleton in other cell types besides male germ cells.
Precise Positions of Methanol Masers
Authors: Caswell J. L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) has been used to determine positions for many southern methanol maser sites, with accuracy better than 1 arcsec. The results are presented here as a catalogue of more than 350 distinct sites, some of them new discoveries, and many others with positional precision 10-times better than existing published values. Clusters of 2 or 3 sites are occasionally found to account for single previously listed sources. This in turn reveals that the velocity range for each individual site is sometimes smaller than that of the originally tabulated (blended) source. Only a handful of examples then remain with a velocity range of more than 16 km s−1 at a single compact (less than 2 arcsec) site. The precise methanol positions now allow apparent coincidences with OH masers to be confidently accepted or rejected; this has led to the important conclusion that, where a 1665-MHz OH maser lies in a massive star formation region, at more than 80 percent of the OH sites there is a precisely coincident methanol maser. The methanol precision achieved here will also allow clear comparisons with likely associated IR sources when the next generation of far-IR surveys produce precise positions.
SimBoolNet—a Cytoscape plugin for dynamic simulation of signaling networks
Authors: Zheng Jie , Zhang David , Przytycki Pawel F. , Zielinski Rafal , Capala Jacek , Przytycka Teresa M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Summary: SimBoolNet is an open source Cytoscape plugin that simulates the dynamics of signaling transduction using Boolean networks. Given a user-specified level of stimulation to signal receptors, SimBoolNet simulates the response of downstream molecules and visualizes with animation and records the dynamic changes of the network. It can be used to generate hypotheses and facilitate experimental studies about causal relations and crosstalk among cellular signaling pathways.
Availability: SimBoolNet package (with manual) is freely available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Przytycka/SimBoolNet
Contact: przytyck@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; zhengj@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The obesity paradox in stable chronic heart failure does not persist after matching for indicators of disease severity and confounders
Authors: Frankenstein Lutz , Zugck Christian , Nelles Manfred , Schellberg Dieter , Katus Hugo A. , Remppis B. Andrew 
Published: November 2009

AimsTo verify whether controlling for indicators of disease severity and confounders represents a solution to the obesity paradox in chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and resultsFrom a cohort of 1790 patients, we formed 230 nested matched triplets by individually matching patients with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 (Group 3), BMI 20–24.9 k/m2 (Group 1) and BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 (Group 2), according to NT‐proBNP, age, sex, and NYHA class (triplet = one matched patient from each group). Although in the pre‐matching cohort, BMI group was a significant univariable prognostic indicator, it did not retain significance [heart rate (HR): 0.91, 95% CI: 0.78–1.05, χ2: 1.67] when controlled for group propensities as covariates. Furthermore, in the matched cohort, 1‐year mortality and 3‐year mortality did not differ significantly. Here, BMI again failed to reach statistical significance for prognosis, either as a continuous or categorical variable, whether crude or adjusted. This result was confirmed in the patients not selected for matching. NT‐proBNP, however, remained statistically significant (log(NT‐proBNP): HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.13–1.97, χ2: 7.82) after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionThe obesity paradox does not appear to persist in a matched setting with respect to indicators of disease severity and other confounders. NT‐proBNP remains an independent prognostic indicator of adverse outcome irrespective of obesity status.
Beyond aflatoxin: four distinct expression patterns and functional roles associated with Aspergillus flavus secondary metabolism gene clusters
Authors: GEORGIANNA D. RYAN , FEDOROVA NATALIE D. , BURROUGHS JAMES L. , DOLEZAL ANDREA L. , BOK JIN WOO , HOROWITZ‐BROWN SIGAL , WOLOSHUK CHARLES P. , YU JIUJIANG , KELLER NANCY P. , PAYNE GARY A. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYSpecies of Aspergillus produce a diverse array of secondary metabolites, and recent genomic analysis has predicted that these species have the capacity to synthesize many more compounds. It has been possible to infer the presence of 55 gene clusters associated with secondary metabolism in Aspergillus flavus; however, only three metabolic pathways—aflatoxin, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and aflatrem—have been assigned to these clusters. To gain an insight into the regulation of and to infer the ecological significance of the 55 secondary metabolite gene clusters predicted in A. flavus, we examined their expression over 28 diverse conditions. Variables included culture medium and temperature, fungal development, colonization of developing maize seeds and misexpression of laeA, a global regulator of secondary metabolism. Hierarchical clustering analysis of expression profiles allowed us to categorize the gene clusters into four distinct clades. Gene clusters for the production of aflatoxins, CPA and seven other unknown compound(s) were identified as belonging to one clade. To further explore the relationships found by gene expression analysis, aflatoxin and CPA production were quantified under five different cell culture environments known to be conducive or nonconducive for aflatoxin biosynthesis and during the colonization of developing maize seeds. Results from these studies showed that secondary metabolism gene clusters have distinctive gene expression profiles. Aflatoxin and CPA were found to have unique regulation, but are sufficiently similar that they would be expected to co‐occur in substrates colonized with A. flavus.
The impact of computerised physician order entry on prescribing practices in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit*
Authors: Ali J. , Barrow L. , Vuylsteke A. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis prospective, time series, cross‐sectional study was designed to compare the quality of handwritten vs computerised prescriptions in a tertiary 25‐bedded cardiothoracic intensive care unit. A total of 14 721 prescriptions for 613 patients were analysed over three periods of investigation: 7 months before; and 5 and 12 months after implementation of a clinical information system with computerised physician order entry capability. Errors in prescribing were common. Only (53%) of handwritten charts analysed had all immediate administration drugs prescribed correctly. Errors included omission of route 81 (8.0%), date of prescription 78 (7.7%), and time to be given 255 (25.2%), and 119 (11.7%) had no dose or an incorrect dose prescribed. All errors of completeness were abolished following implementation. The computerised system led to a significant improvement in prescribing safety, in a clinical area previously highlighted as having a high rate of adverse drug errors. Legibility, completeness and traceability are no longer possible sources of medication errors.
Role of the interaction between Lu/BCAM and the spectrin‐based membrane skeleton in the increased adhesion of hereditary spherocytosis red cells to laminin
Authors: Gauthier Emilie , El Nemer Wassim , Wautier Marie P. , Renaud Olivier , Tchernia Gil , Delaunay Jean , Le Van Kim Caroline , Colin Yves 
Published: November 2009

SummaryLu/BCAM, the unique erythroid receptor for laminin 511/521, interacts with the erythrocyte membrane skeleton through spectrin binding. It has been reported that Hereditary Spherocytosis red blood cells (HS RBC) exhibit increased adhesion to laminin. We investigated the role of Lu/BCAM–spectrin interaction in the RBC adhesion properties of 2 splenectomised HS patients characterized by 40% spectrin deficiency. Under physiological flow conditions, HS RBC exhibited an exaggerated adhesion to laminin that was completely abolished by soluble Lu/BCAM. Triton extraction experiments revealed that a greater fraction of Lu/BCAM was unlinked to the membrane skeleton of HS RBC, as compared to normal RBC. Disruption of the spectrin interaction site in Lu/BCAM expressed in the transfected K562 cell line resulted in a weakened interaction to the skeleton and an enhanced interaction to laminin. These results demonstrated that the adhesion of HS RBC to laminin was mediated by Lu/BCAM and that its interaction with the spectrin‐based skeleton negatively regulated cell adhesion to laminin. Finally, the results of this study strongly suggest that the reinforced adhesiveness of spectrin‐deficient HS RBC to laminin is partly brought about by an impaired interaction between Lu/BCAM and the membrane skeleton.
Effect of adhesive system type and root region on the push‐out bond strength of glass–fibre posts to radicular dentine
Authors: Onay E. O. , Korkmaz Y. , Kiremitci A. 
Published: November 2009

Onay EO, Korkmaz Y, Kiremitci A. Effect of adhesive system type and root region on the push‐out bond strength of glass–fibre posts to radicular dentine. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 76–85, 2010.AbstractAim  To compare interfacial strength in different thirds of the root canal amongst glass–fibre posts luted with four different adhesive luting agents.Methodology  A total of 44 extracted human single‐rooted teeth were randomly divided in four groups and restored using glass–fibre posts and the following luting agents: All Bond SE/Duo‐Link (ABSE), All Bond 3/Duo‐Link (AB3), BisCem (BC), Clearfil ED primer II/Clearfil Esthetic Cement (CLF). One week after luting, the samples were thermocycled in water, and then embedded in acrylic resin. Three sections (cervical, middle and apical) of 2 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen, and the post in each section was subjected to a push‐out test. One additional specimen for each group was prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis and the bonding effectiveness to dentine was assessed. The data were analysed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, two‐way anova, one‐way anova, and the Scheffe test (P < 0.05).Results  The push‐out bond strength values for BC and ABSE were not significantly different (P > 0.05), but both were significantly higher than the means for AB3 and CLF (P < 0.05) in the cervical and middle regions. The same trend was observed in the apical region, except for the AB3 and ABSE which were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from each other. There were significant differences in bond strength amongst root thirds, with a reduction in values from the cervical to apical third (P < 0.05).Conclusions  The use of BisCem and All Bond SE/Duo‐Link combination with their simplified application procedures may be considered an alternative to the currently used systems for luting glass–fibre posts in root canal.