bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of supportive parents – coping kids (SPARCK)—a transdiagnostic and personalized parent training intervention to prevent childhood mental health problems
Authors: Tømmerås T. , Backer-Grøndahl A. , Høstmælingen A. , Laland H. , Gomez M. B. , Apeland A. , Karlsson L. R. A. , Grønlie A. A. , Torsvik S. , Bringedal G. E. ,   Advisory Consortium, Monica Aas , Fisher Phillip Andrew , Gardner Frances , Kjøbli John , Malmberg-Heimonen Ira , Nissen-Lie Helene Amundsen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To meet the scientific and political call for effective prevention of child and youth mental health problems and associated long-term consequences, we have co-created, tested, and optimized a transdiagnostic preventive parent-training intervention, Supportive parents – coping kids (SPARCK), together with and for the municipal preventive frontline services. The target group of SPARCK is parents of children between 4 and 12 years who display symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or behavioral problems, that is, indicated prevention. The intervention consists of components from various empirically supported interventions representing different theorical models on parent–child interactions and child behavior and psychopathology (i.e., behavioral management interventions, attachment theory, emotion socialization theory, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family accommodation intervention). The content and target strategies of SPARCK are tailored to the needs of the families and children, and the manual suggests how the target strategies may be personalized and combined throughout the maximum 12 sessions of the intervention. The aim of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of SPARCK on child symptoms, parenting practices, and parent and child stress hormone levels, in addition to later use of specialized services compared with usual care (UC; eg. active comparison group).

Methods
We describe a randomized controlled effectiveness trial in the frontline services of child welfare, health, school health and school psychological counselling services in 24 Norwegian municipalities. It is a two-armed parallel group randomized controlled effectiveness and superiority trial with 252 families randomly allocated to SPARCK or UC. Assessment of key variables will be conducted at pre-, post-, and six-month follow-up.

Discussion
The current study will contribute with knowledge on potential effects of a preventive transdiagnostic parent-training intervention when compared with UC. Our primary objective is to innovate frontline services with a usable, flexible, and effective intervention for prevention of childhood mental health problems to promote equity in access to care for families and children across a heterogeneous service landscape characterized by variations in available resources, personnel, and end user symptomatology.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NTCT05800522
Global research trend and hotspot in the low FODMAP diet: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xu Cheng , Song Zhen , Hu Jing-yi , Li Chong-chao , Shen Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
According to national guidelines, a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) is a second-line therapy option for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and improves functional intestinal symptoms. Numerous noteworthy results have been published in this field over the past fifteen years. This study aims to analyze the global research trend and hotspot of the low FODMAP diet research, and provide a comprehensive perspective and direction for researchers.

Methods
The Science Citation Index-Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was used to identify low FODMAP diet-related articles and reviews. Three bibliometric programs (CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphic) were utilized to analyze and visualize the annual publications, authors, countries, institutions, journals, citations, and keywords.

Results
In total, 843 documents related to the low FODMAP diet research were published in 227 journals by 3,343 authors in 1,233 institutions from 59 countries. The United States, which was the most engaged nation in international collaboration, had the largest annual production and the fastest growth. The most productive organization was Monash University, and the most fruitful researcher was Gibson PR. Nutrients ranked first in terms of the number of published documents. The article “A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome” (Halmos EP, 2014) received the most co-citations. Keywords that appear frequently in the literature mainly involve two main aspects: the clinical efficacy evaluation and mechanism exploration of the low FODMAP diet. The term “gut microbiota” stands out as the most prominent keyword among the burst keywords that have remained prevalent till date.

Conclusion
The restriction stage of the low FODMAP diet is superior to other dietary therapies for IBS in terms of symptom response, but it has a negative impact on the abundance of gut Bifidobacteria and diet quality. Identification of biomarkers to predict response to the low FODMAP diet is of great interest and has become the current research hotspot.
Crowdsourcing RTK: a new GNSS positioning framework for building spatial high-resolution atmospheric maps based on massive vehicle GNSS data
Authors: Xu Hongjin , Chen Xingyu , Ou Jikun , Yuan Yunbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh-quality spatial atmospheric delay correction information is essential for achieving fast integer ambiguity resolution (AR) in precise positioning. However, traditional real-time precise positioning frameworks (i.e., NRTK and PPP-RTK) depend on spatial low-resolution atmospheric delay correction through the expensive and sparsely distributed CORS network. This results in limited public appeal. With the mass production of autonomous driving vehicles, more cost-effective and widespread data sources can be explored to create spatial high-resolution atmospheric maps. In this study, we propose a new GNSS positioning framework that relies on dual base stations, massive vehicle GNSS data, and crowdsourced atmospheric delay correction maps (CAM). The map is easily produced and updated by vehicles equipped with GNSS receivers in a crowd-sourced way. Specifically, the map consists of between-station single-differenced ionospheric and tropospheric delays. We introduce the whole framework of CAM initialization for individual vehicles, on-cloud CAM maintenance, and CAM-augmented user-end positioning. The map data are collected and preprocessed in vehicles. Then, the crowdsourced data are uploaded to a cloud server. The massive data from multiple vehicles are merged in the cloud to update the CAM in time. Finally, the CAM will augment the user positioning performance. This framework forms a beneficial cycle where the CAM’s spatial resolution and the user positioning performance mutually improve each other. We validate the performance of the proposed framework in real-world experiments and the applied potency at different spatial scales. We highlight that this framework is a reliable and practical positioning solution that meets the requirements of ubiquitous high-precision positioning.
Methods and associations of suicidality in Kenyan high school students: clinical and public health implications
Authors: Ndetei David M. , Wasserman Danuta , Mutiso Victoria , Shanley Jenelle R. , Musyimi Christine , Nyamai Pascalyne , Munyua Timothy , Swahn Monica H. , Osborn Tom L. , Johnson Natalie E. , Memiah Peter , Bhui Kamaldeep , Gilbert Sonja , Weisz John R. , Javed Afzal , Sourander Andre 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundMost evidence on suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts comes from Western countries; prevalence rates may differ in other parts of the world.AimsThis study determined the prevalence of suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts in high school students in three different regional settings in Kenya.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study of 2652 high school students. We asked structured questions to determine the prevalence of various types of suicidality, the methods planned or effected, and participants’ gender, age and form (grade level). We provided descriptive statistics, testing significant differences by chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, and used logistic regression to identify relationships among different variables and their associations with suicidality.ResultsThe prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts were 26.8, 14.9 and 15.7%, respectively. These rates are higher than those reported for Western countries. Some 6.7% of suicide attempts were not associated with plans. The most common method used in suicide attempts was drinking chemicals/poison (18.8%). Rates of suicidal thoughts and plans were higher for older students and students in urban rather than rural locations, and attempts were associated with female gender and higher grade level – especially the final year of high school, when exam performance affects future education and career prospects.ConclusionSuicidal thoughts, plans and attempts are prevalent in Kenyan high school students. There is a need for future studies to determine the different starting points to suicidal attempts, particularly for the significant number whose attempts are not preceded by thoughts and plans.
Predicting patients with dementia most at risk of needing psychiatric in-patient or enhanced community care using routinely collected clinical data: retrospective multi-site cohort study
Authors: London Sabina R. , Chen Shanquan , Sidhom Emad , Lewis Jonathan R. , Wolverson Emma , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Roalf David , Mueller Christoph , Underwood Benjamin R. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDementia is a common and progressive condition whose prevalence is growing worldwide. It is challenging for healthcare systems to provide continuity in clinical services for all patients from diagnosis to death.AimsTo test whether individuals who are most likely to need enhanced care later in the disease course can be identified at the point of diagnosis, thus allowing the targeted intervention.MethodWe used clinical information collected routinely in de-identified electronic patient records from two UK National Health Service (NHS) trusts to identify at diagnosis which individuals were at increased risk of needing enhanced care (psychiatric in-patient or intensive (crisis) community care).ResultsWe examined the records of a total of 25 326 patients with dementia. A minority (16% in the Cambridgeshire trust and 2.4% in the London trust) needed enhanced care. Patients who needed enhanced care differed from those who did not in age, cognitive test scores and Health of the Nation Outcome Scale scores. Logistic regression discriminated risk, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of up to 0.78 after 1 year and 0.74 after 4 years. We were able to confirm the validity of the approach in two trusts that differed widely in the populations they serve.ConclusionsIt is possible to identify, at the time of diagnosis of dementia, individuals most likely to need enhanced care later in the disease course. This permits the development of targeted clinical interventions for this high-risk group.
Generation of near-circularly polarized high-order harmonics in two-color cross-linearly polarized laser fields
Authors: Li Z. A. , Huo X. X. , Cheng C. C. , Liu X. S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate theoretically the ellipticity of the high-order harmonic generation from the molecule

by utilizing two-color cross-linearly polarized laser fields. A significant region of the large ellipticity can be achieved by adjusting the crossing angle and the relative phase between the two laser fields. By controlling the short trajectory, we can obtain the smoother harmonic spectrum. The minimum value observed in the plateau region can be attributed to the two-center interference of the molecule. Furthermore, we investigate the contribution of the two-center interference to the ellipticity of HHG. The underlying physical mechanisms of the ellipticity can be demonstrated by the phase difference and amplitude difference of the x and y components of the harmonics. As a result, we synthesized an isolated attosecond pulse with an ellipticity of 0.98.
Membrane protein clustering from tension and multibody interactions
Authors: Fournier Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The point-curvature model for membrane protein inclusions is shown to capture multibody interactions very well. Using this model, we find that the interplay between membrane tension and multibody interactions results in a collective attraction of oppositely curved inclusions tending to form antiferromagnetic structures with a square lattice. This attraction can produce a phase separation between curved and non-curved proteins, resulting in the clustering of curved proteins. We also show that the many-body repulsion between identical curved proteins is enhanced by membrane tension. This can lead to the dissolution of clusters stabilized by short-range forces when the tension is increased. These new phenomena are biologically relevant and could be investigated experimentally.
Contrasting Bone Profiles in PCOS Are Related to BMI: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rissetti Graziela , Piovezan Julia Mottecy , Premaor Melissa Orlandin , Comim Fabio Vasconcellos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context
Controversial results have emerged regarding whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is protective or increases the risk of bone frailty.

Objective
This study investigated whether the PCOS condition affects bone parameters of premenopausal women. This is an update for a previous meta-analysis published in 2019.

Data Sources
We searched MEDLINE and Embase.

Study Selection
Studies were considered eligible for the update if published in English between October 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023. The diagnosis of PCOS should be based on National Institutes of Health criteria, the Rotterdam Consensus, Androgen Excess & PCOS Society criteria, or International Classification of Diseases codes in women over 18 years old. Only records with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ≥ 6 were selected for data extraction.

Data Extraction
Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers.

Data Synthesis
We identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis from 3322 studies in the whole period (1990-2023). Overall, cross-sectional studies included 1822 individuals with PCOS and 1374 controls, while cohort studies incorporated 30 305 women with PCOS and 10,1907 controls. Contrasting profiles emerged after stratification using a body mass index (BMI) cutoff of 27 kg/m2. Individuals with PCOS and a BMI &lt;27 kg/m2 exhibited lower vertebral and nonvertebral bone density, reduced bone turnover marker (osteocalcin), and increased bone resorption marker (C-terminal type I collagen) levels. Conversely, individuals with PCOS and a BMI ≥27 kg/m2 exhibited increased vertebral and nonvertebral bone mineral density, with no significant changes in bone formation and resorption markers (except osteocalcin).

Conclusion
The findings of this study alert for a low bone mass, low bone formation, and increased bone resorption PCOS with a BMI &lt;27 kg/m2.
Two distinct mechanisms of Plexin A function in Drosophila optic lobe lamination and morphogenesis
Authors: Bustillo Maria E. , Douthit Jessica , Astigarraga Sergio , Treisman Jessica E. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Visual circuit development is characterized by subdivision of neuropils into layers that house distinct sets of synaptic connections. We find that, in the Drosophila medulla, this layered organization depends on the axon guidance regulator Plexin A. In Plexin A null mutants, synaptic layers of the medulla neuropil and arborizations of individual neurons are wider and less distinct than in controls. Analysis of semaphorin function indicates that Semaphorin 1a, acting in a subset of medulla neurons, is the primary partner for Plexin A in medulla lamination. Removal of the cytoplasmic domain of endogenous Plexin A has little effect on the formation of medulla layers; however, both null and cytoplasmic domain deletion mutations of Plexin A result in an altered overall shape of the medulla neuropil. These data suggest that Plexin A acts as a receptor to mediate morphogenesis of the medulla neuropil, and as a ligand for Semaphorin 1a to subdivide it into layers. Its two independent functions illustrate how a few guidance molecules can organize complex brain structures by each playing multiple roles.
cellPLATO – an unsupervised method for identifying cell behaviour in heterogeneous cell trajectory data
Authors: Shannon Michael J. , Eisman Shira E. , Lowe Alan R. , Sloan Tyler F. W. , Mace Emily M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Advances in imaging, segmentation and tracking have led to the routine generation of large and complex microscopy datasets. New tools are required to process this ‘phenomics’ type data. Here, we present ‘Cell PLasticity Analysis Tool’ (cellPLATO), a Python-based analysis software designed for measurement and classification of cell behaviours based on clustering features of cell morphology and motility. Used after segmentation and tracking, the tool extracts features from each cell per timepoint, using them to segregate cells into dimensionally reduced behavioural subtypes. Resultant cell tracks describe a ‘behavioural ID’ at each timepoint, and similarity analysis allows the grouping of behavioural sequences into discrete trajectories with assigned IDs. Here, we use cellPLATO to investigate the role of IL-15 in modulating human natural killer (NK) cell migration on ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. We find eight behavioural subsets of NK cells based on their shape and migration dynamics between single timepoints, and four trajectories based on sequences of these behaviours over time. Therefore, by using cellPLATO, we show that IL-15 increases plasticity between cell migration behaviours and that different integrin ligands induce different forms of NK cell migration.
Soft skeletons transmit force with variable gearing
Authors: Ellers Olaf , Ellers Kai-Isaak , Johnson Amy S. , Po Theodora , Heydari Sina , Kanso Eva , McHenry Matthew J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A hydrostatic skeleton allows a soft body to transmit muscular force via internal pressure. A human's tongue, an octopus' arm and a nematode's body illustrate the pervasive presence of hydrostatic skeletons among animals, which has inspired the design of soft engineered actuators. However, there is a need for a theoretical basis for understanding how hydrostatic skeletons apply mechanical work. We therefore modeled the shape change and mechanics of natural and engineered hydrostatic skeletons to determine their mechanical advantage (MA) and displacement advantage (DA). These models apply to a variety of biological structures, but we explicitly consider the tube feet of a sea star and the body segments of an earthworm, and contrast them with a hydraulic press and a McKibben actuator. A helical winding of stiff, elastic fibers around these soft actuators plays a critical role in their mechanics by maintaining a cylindrical shape, distributing forces throughout the structure and storing elastic energy. In contrast to a single-joint lever system, soft hydrostats exhibit variable gearing with changes in MA generated by deformation in the skeleton. We found that this gearing is affected by the transmission efficiency of mechanical work (MA×DA) or, equivalently, the ratio of output to input work. The transmission efficiency changes with the capacity to store elastic energy within helically wrapped fibers or associated musculature. This modeling offers a conceptual basis for understanding the relationship between the morphology of hydrostatic skeletons and their mechanical performance.
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Body Composition After a 5-yr Exercise Counseling Intervention
Authors: Herb Neff Kirstie M. , Launius Kellsey N. , Schuh Leslie M. , Creel David B. , Inman Margaret M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical activity (PA) is recommended to optimize health after bariatric surgery. However, there is limited evidence on how to deliver these interventions and whether they are effective long-term. The present study aimed to examine PA levels, body composition, and physical fitness outcomes up to 5 yr after bariatric surgery following engagement in a PA intervention, with a focus on whether dose and/or timing of delivery impacts postoperative outcomes.

Methods
Individuals (n = 80) who completed a 6-month randomized treatment study to increase PA (phase 1) were invited to receive up to six exercise counseling sessions from 1 to 5 yr after operation (phase 2). Phase 2 participants (n = 64) completed assessments at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 yr after operation.

Results
Five years after surgery, participants (84.4% female; mean age, 52.9 (standard deviation, 11.5); mean body mass index, 33.8 (standard error, 1.1)) increased minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; P = 0.001) but not steps per day, exercise bouts per week, or bout minutes per week. Participants experienced significant cardiovascular endurance improvements but decreased strength (P < 0.05). Greater intervention dose (i.e., greater number of counseling visits attended 1–5 yr after surgery) was significantly associated with steps per day (P = 0.003), weight (P = 0.03), and nondominant handgrip strength (P = 0.002). Those who started counseling preoperatively (i.e., randomized to counseling in phase 1) versus 1 yr after surgery (i.e., beginning in phase 2) had greater steps per day (P = 0.04), exercise bouts per week (P = 0.006), and exercise bout minutes per week (P = 0.002). No other associations were significant.

Conclusions
Participants increased MVPA 5 yr after bariatric surgery and experienced improvements in cardiovascular functioning after engagement in a PA intervention. In general, individuals experienced modestly better outcomes with more treatment. Beginning exercise counseling preoperatively, instead of 1 yr postoperatively, improved PA but not body composition or physical fitness.
General internal medicine: acquiring clinical acumen from bedside to front door with opportunities for undergraduate and postgraduate training
Authors: Varughese George I 
Published: May 2024

A general physician’s training and experience enables them to manage a variety of acute and chronic medical conditions with multi-system pathology, while specialising in one specific area of medicine. In every illness there are other problems outside the specialty, requiring the wider expertise of the generalist as patients have multiple comorbidities and the multitude of disease pathology presenting are quite complex requiring a multi-faceted approach. The horizons of general internal medicine have broadened with a wide landscape of acute illnesses that are now being admitted under general medicine which is the path of least resistance. As we strive relentlessly while working on the ward at the bedside and in acute portals, we ought to remind ourselves of what are the attractions of general internal medicine and lead by example for the undergraduates and postgraduate doctors in training who see us as role models for doing clinical medicine, teaching, training and research.