bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Tanyag Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The conclusion provides critical reflections on how the enjoyment of sexuality and right to pleasure are integral to the human struggle for dignity even in the face of suffering. The chapter considers this often-controversial issue and the ways it has been discussed by advocates and politicians, including in the Philippines. It shows that renewing feminist activism requires a rethinking of global peace and security such that SRHR is recognized, but not as a collateral issue where patriarchal bargains need to be made in order to advance feminism in global agendas. Rather it should be a cornerstone feminist issue that ties together all sites, forms, and temporalities of gender equality.
Introduction: Emotions as a Topic of Cross-cultural and Historical Investigation
Authors: Cairns Douglas , Virág Curie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the volume’s project, a cross-cultural comparison of approaches to emotion in ancient China and ancient Greece and in the two disciplines which have investigated those cultures. It thus encompasses comparison of the methods of two scholarly disciplines as well as the materials and sources of two ancient cultural traditions. The chapter argues that emotions are (a) vernacular, not scientific, categories and (b) shared, intersubjective processes in the world rather than private, inner psychological experiences. Their event-like structure lends itself to representation in narratives that go far beyond the skull and the skin. Since emotions are implicated in the relations between people, in the external conditions in which they arise and which give rise to them, and in the actions that embodied human agents take in a given emotional scenario, cross-cultural comparison between approaches to emotion in different cultures must focus not on simple morphological similarities between decontextualized phenomena, but on function in wider social and cultural contexts.
The Constitution of the War on Drugs
Authors: Pozen David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This book recovers a lost history of constitutional challenges to punitive drug laws. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, advocates argued that criminal bans on marijuana, cocaine, psychedelics, and other substances violate the U.S. Constitution’s guarantees of due process, equal protection, federalism, free speech, free exercise of religion, and humane punishment. Legal scholars and government commissions grappled with these arguments. State and federal courts endorsed them in pathbreaking rulings. By the 1980s, however, the movement for drug rights had collapsed, paving the way for the contemporary war on drugs and its disastrous consequences for racial justice, individual freedom, and public health. This study shows how constitutional law could have denied the drug war but instead became ever more defined by it—how a profoundly illiberal and paternalistic policy regime was assimilated into, and came to shape, an ostensibly liberal and pluralistic constitutional order. The book details the internal doctrinal dynamics and external cultural developments that first facilitated and then foreclosed challenges to drug prohibition. It explains how courts in other countries have curtailed punitive drug laws using a different approach to rights review. It evaluates the costs and benefits of the U.S. jurisprudence. And it considers potential constitutional paths still open to drug reformers today. In addition to offering a new perspective on the war on drugs, the book supplies a panoramic tour of many of the key features and failings, compromises and contradictions, of late twentieth-century American constitutionalism.
Racial Equality
Authors: Pozen David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews challenges to drug laws on grounds of racial discrimination. Historically, racial prejudice has influenced the government’s decisions to criminalize certain psychoactive substances while sparing others. And to this day, the enforcement of drug laws generates profound racial disparities in rates of arrest and imprisonment, notwithstanding similar rates of illicit drug behavior across racial groups. Race-based constitutional arguments finally came to the fore during the crack cocaine panic of the late 1980s. Although many judges expressed unease with the government’s disparate treatment of crack versus powder cocaine, and a few judges pushed back in innovative opinions, the doctrine had evolved in ways that made these cases difficult to win. Not only has equal protection law failed to offer racial minorities a shield against punitive drug policies; it now offers whites a sword with which to attack policies designed to help minorities share in the windfall of drug legalization.
Fear and Inequality at the Onset of Crises
Authors: Villarreal Ana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The conclusion draws parallels between social responses to fear of violence and fear of contagion at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. The first cases of Covid-19 in Monterrey were detected within San Pedro, yet the defended city took the strictest measures to seclude itself from the rest of the metropolis. The local government of San Pedro established police-enforced “security filters” at its borders, which media and local critics were quick to criticize as class and racial filters. As of 2023, most urban residents in Mexico do not feel safe. A national survey revealed, however, that San Pedro is now the city where residents report feeling the safest in Mexico. To illustrate this book’s approach to fear at the onset of crises in other contexts, the chapter closes with examples of how fear relocated, rescheduled, and regrouped people and practices in New York City at the onset of the pandemic.
An Ethical Framework for Assessing Grey Zone Responses
Authors: Barrett Edward 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Increasingly, States are maximizing their relative power by continuously harming adversaries through a combination of lethal and especially sublethal actions that avoid and even redefine the threshold of ‘cause for war’, a line legally associated with the United Nations Charter Article 51 notion of ‘armed attack’. This chapter uses a rights-based framework consistent with liberal commitments to identify ethically permissible responses to such grey zone threats. Although the well-developed Just War tradition may seem inapplicable to responding in a grey zone between peace and war, the tradition’s undergirding ethical assumptions about justified defensive and punitive harm can guide responses to unjustified lethal or sublethal harm. The first part of the chapter outlines these assumptions. The second and third parts apply them to, respectively, unjustified lethal and sublethal attacks. The conclusion discusses the importance of jurisprudence for determining ethically appropriate responses.
Winning at the Strategic Seams
Authors: Newton Michael A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
International law exists to buttress rule-based relationships between sovereign States. Grey zone conflicts threaten these foundations. The current array of grey zone conflicts and asymmetric disputation erodes Western responses to threats, while corroding the very legal norms that bind modern international institutions. This chapter argues that democracies must learn to ‘win at the seams’ of the law to forestall a new epoch of international norms that warps their values. The chapter reimagines approaches for States seeking to preserve the rule of law and respect for human rights. It reassesses valuable insights drawn from the Principles of War to provide a model for preserving the institutional design of modern international law. Relying on the clean hands doctrine, the chapter recommends a more effective approach to counter States seeking to sow indecision and doubt amongst liberal democracies.
Trial by Numbers
Authors: Chilton Adam , Rozema Kyle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A significant problem within the legal profession is that many of the lawyers litigating cases and the judges deciding them have only a limited understanding of how to properly interpret empirical evidence. The goal of this book is to provide an easy way for members of the legal profession to acquire a basic understanding of some of the most common methods that serve as the building blocks for empirical evidence in academic articles, policy briefs, and expert witness reports. To accomplish this goal, the authors take a different approach from that of other introductory books on empirical methods. They omit the formulas and equations found in other books and instead focus on explaining the intuition and logic of common empirical methods. They also exclusively use examples that are relevant to law school and legal practice. Making the book accessible in this way is intended to help counteract the aversion toward empirical evidence that is far too common in law schools, law firms, and the courts.
Regression
Authors: Chilton Adam , Rozema Kyle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the standard method for making comparisons across groups when an experiment is not possible: regression. It first describes the basic intuition of regressions: if all relevant factors except a single variable of interest are appropriately controlled for, any remaining difference between groups should be attributable to that variable of interest. It then explains the basics of how regressions are actually estimated. Finally, it introduces the primary outputs of regressions and how they should be interpreted: coefficients, which capture the relationship between two variables, and standard errors, which capture how large the range of the estimates is and can be used to determine whether an estimate is statistically significant.
Regression Discontinuity
Authors: Chilton Adam , Rozema Kyle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the regression discontinuity research design. It first describes how the method estimates the causal effects of interventions by leveraging the fact that some interventions only kick in at arbitrarily drawn lines, resulting in groups on both sides of the line that may be extremely similar. It then describes how the method compares outcomes for the groups that fall on either side of the arbitrarily drawn line to estimate the causal effects of the intervention. Finally, it explains the assumption required for the regression discontinuity research design to produce causal estimates and the common types of evidence that are presented to assess those assumptions.
Growing a Bigger Linguistics Through a Zapotec Agenda
Authors: Plumb May Helena , Dubcovsky Alejandra , Guzmán Moisés García , Lillehaugen Brook Danielle , Lopez Felipe H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Ticha Project is a digital endeavor focused on knowledge repatriation and language reclamation, guided by a Zapotec agenda that centers Zapotec goals and authority. This decolonial practice forges a collaborative, reciprocal scholarship where Zapotec and non-Native experts work together in pursuit of overlapping goals, forming an interdisciplinary community which resists the individualism of academia and draws strength from an inclusive Zapotec collective. In this chapter the authors detail Ticha’s working philosophy through two interrelated projects: (1) Caseidyneën Saën, an e-book of pedagogical materials focused on Colonial Zapotec documents, and (2) the Conversatorios, workshops led by and for Zapotec individuals that serve as important sites of Indigenous knowledge production. The authors challenge readers to find their own community-centered agenda and to grow a bigger linguistics by embracing deeply localized research. Ticha Project na teiby zeiny guieb lo bi (ni na “digital”) ni yzicy xcal nanën quën xtizhën na. Rcazën gyenën teiby ni izhiu par ra Bunyza, ra ni bsanne ra xauzanën, Bunyzado, danoën. Rcazën gyicy ni nanën ni bzuca Dizhtily loën, chiru danoën Bunyza gyieneën gualnezh quën ra buny nan ni queity na ra Bunyza gacneën saën gyenën ropta rseinyën, chiru gyeinychieën teiby guezh nan ni sutyep lo ni rseidyrëng yu rseidy sutyepneën saën rataën. Lo teiby xnez gyets xte Ticha re rniën xa na xjab xtenën, chiru ygwiën lo styop ra zeiny ni cagyienyën ni ngabne sani: (1) Caseidyneën Saën na teiby gyets rseidy ni na teiby xnez gyets guieb lo bi (ni na “e-book”) ni rseidy nazh ra gyets Dizhzado, chiru (2) chi bdop ra Bunyza bgwe dizh nii bzub xliet xa na gal nan xte ra Bunyza. Ra ni cagyual nde rnabën load ual gacbe xii rcaz lazhad ganad tyen chile subru guecy ni racbe buny yu rseidy nezbag laty gunyberuad xai na lazhad.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Language Activism from Community Colleges
Authors: Cuba Carlos de , Slocum Poppy , Spinu Laura 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the work of three linguists working in communication departments at two community colleges in the City University of New York system (CUNY) to counter deficit approaches toward dialectal variation in the field of communication studies (and beyond). The authors’ approach includes professional presentations, curricular redesign, identifying linguistic discrimination in textbooks, and conducting professional development workshops and seminars. They believe that the things they are doing are easily reproducible, so they are shared in this chapter in the hopes that more people will get actively involved in reducing/eliminating such harmful classroom pedagogies that involve deficit views of dialectal and accent variation in educational settings.
Strategic Workforce Planning
Authors: Sokol Marc , Tarulli Beverly 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to and overview of Strategic Workforce Planning: Best Practices and Emerging Directions. The authors make the case for why industrial-organizational psychologists have delivered value to many components of strategic workforce planning (SWP) and can also address the practice in its entirety. Within this chapter are description of the topics covered in this volume, including the evolution of SWP, best practices for analytics and consulting, maturity models, and how SWP can be practiced in large companies inside and outside the United States and in high- and low-growth environments. Other contributors address SWP in terms of scenario planning, diversity and inclusion, social network analysis techniques, when to organize around work-tasks rather than the workforce, use of artificial intelligence in SWP, multicompany collaboration around SWP during the pandemic, and teaching strategic workforce planning at the graduate level.
Beyond the Theory
Authors: McKinnon Adam , Salapatas Kanella 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Practitioners of SWP working across different companies and situations are positioned to uncover unique insights, especially about variations in practice and innovative approaches. One of the authors of this chapter describes a multiyear global SWP journey where the key stakeholders included HR, Finance and the CEO. Their maturity journey moved in stages from traditional budget/headcount and connected analyses, to SWP, talent and business optimization, to intelligent workforce planning. The second author of this chapter describes how SWP processes can be used to inform mergers and acquisitions, partially from novel approaches to collecting and analyzing data. This included a rare application of social network analysis to support SWP. Both authors describe how they embedded SWP into existing processes and embraced pragmatism in the pursuit of innovation.
National Security, Positive Externalities, and National Uniformity
Authors: Siegel Neil S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 of The Collective-Action Constitution examines the collective-action dimensions of Clauses 4 through 17 of Article I, Section 8, of the US Constitution. The chapter begins with the collective-action rationales for authorizing Congress to define and punish certain offenses with national-security implications and to provide for the nation’s defense. It then examines the postal and intellectual-property powers, both of which—like the military-defense clauses—enable Congress to internalize positive interstate externalities. The chapter next explains why Congress can insist on national uniformity in regulating naturalization and bankruptcy, after which it considers standards, currency, and counterfeiting, which also implicate concerns about the collective costs of divergent state regulations. The chapter concludes with the congressional powers to create lower federal tribunals and govern federal enclaves. These powers exist not only to facilitate federal administration but also to help solve collective-action problems for the states. Examination of the Section 8 clauses that do not concern taxation, spending, borrowing, or commerce reveals that Section 8 is not a heterogeneous compilation of unrelated powers, or a combination of collective-action powers and unrelated powers. The Section 8 clauses that are often overlooked also authorize Congress to address multistate collective-action problems. This chapter shows how they do so.
The Community of Yours and Mine
Authors: Essert Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter confronts the fact that actual institutions of property, although comprehensible as egalitarian because they solve the Problem of Yours and Mine, generate new forms of inequality through a process of structural subordination. Structural subordination arises when the cumulative effects of individual egalitarian relations between private persons generate situations in which some can be understood as subordinate. Homeless is an illustration of this phenomenon. Systems of property that allow structural subordination are defective from their own internal point of view, so that the same considerations that call for their creation also call for radical reform to eliminate structural subordination, most prominently by providing for a right against the state to the provision of a home. The chapter also considers other worries about property and equality and shows how they relate to property’s justification.
Introduction
Authors: Staszak Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 details the origins and expansion of mandatory, private arbitration in lieu of traditional litigation in court and provides a theory for explaining its shift from a voluntary, low-cost, less adversarial, and more efficient way to handling disputes between entities of equal bargaining power to a private, non-reviewable, compulsory forum for resolving disputes between individuals and corporations, often on unilateral terms. It argues that this shift occurred not solely as an act of modern judicial revisionism, but rather as a bipartisan process of gradual institutional change involving actors and institutions from across the public and private sectors. It also details the differences between arbitration and litigation and provides an overview of the chapters.
Employment Rights as Civil Rights
Authors: Staszak Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 details the foundation of employment arbitration as it developed in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. This period is notable for the degree to which bipartisan and cross-ideological coalitions across government and society drove a tremendous expansion in arbitration’s use and infrastructure, specifically in the area of employment law. It details its beginnings in the decades following the expansion in employment rights litigation fueled by landmark Civil Rights era statutes like the Civil Rights Act itself. It shows that coalitions of liberals and conservatives across all three branches of government acted within their unique institutional capacities in ways that initiated the use of arbitration provisions in employment contracts. Unlike modern proponents of the PDAA, these actions were largely inspired by the less partisan goal of lessening the growing workload of the federal courts to preserve their function.
Consumers
Authors: Staszak Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines consumer arbitration in the 2000s, as part of the broader conservative anti-litigation agenda and as the product of a clear partisan divide over access to courts and tort reform. This ideological divide was fully manifest in the Supreme Court’s 2000s jurisprudence, as the conservative Court continued to allow further corporate experimentation with pre-dispute arbitration agreements (PDAAs)—particularly those limiting class proceedings as part of an arbitration clause. The chapter details modern legislative efforts to restrict consumer and securities arbitration, including the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the creation of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. It argues that the long shadow of arbitration as self-regulation and its entanglement with the litigation reform agenda have left government’s hands largely tied when it comes to constricting use of the PDAA today.
Cultures of Trust and the Rule of Law
Authors: O’Neill Onora 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Those who live in ‘cultures of trust’ do not assume that all who share that culture are trustworthy in all matters, but more modestly that trustworthiness is widespread. While the rule of law generally supports cultures of trust, it does not guarantee trustworthiness, which may be quite limited, especially if laws are harsh. This is hardly surprising. Placing trust intelligently is a complex matter of judging whether truth-claims and commitments are competent, honest, and reliable. Where these judgements cannot be made, or are poorly made, both trust and mistrust may be misplaced. The rule of law helps but does not ensure trustworthiness; placing trust intelligently is both ethically and epistemically demanding and requires complex information and competent assessment of others’ sources and credentials.
What We Can Say to Each Other
Authors: Edwards James 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What we can say to each other depends on what we propose to say. And it depends on which of us proposes to say it. One question we can ask is why facts about us make it wrong for us to criticize others. A second is why such facts deprive us of the power to oblige others to explain themselves to us. The present chapter focuses on the latter question. It explores a range of cases in which, as a matter of conventional morality, speakers are deprived of (what is here called) the explanatory power on biographical grounds. And it asks why, as a matter of critical morality, speakers ought to lack that power on those grounds.
Pornography and the Limits of Speech Act Analysis
Authors: Greasley Kate 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Some feminist philosophers have argued that harmful pornography is not mere speech, but that, in the right conditions, it could constitute the speech act of subordinating women. This chapter considers the ramifications of this speech act analysis for the argument over pornography’s legal protection as free speech. It asks what normative and political importance attaches to the prospect that some pornography is a harmful speech act, and not just speech with harmful consequences. It explores the possibility that pornography’s speech act analysis might itself accede to, or further entrench, the double standard under which pornography, but not some other harmful speech, is legally assimilated with its expressive content. It argues, ultimately, that the speech act analysis can bolster the feminist critique of pornography’s protection, in legal and political terms, by placing the double standard of that protection into sharper resolution.