bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a celebrity death on children's injury-related emergency department visits
Authors: Keays G , Pless I B 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundFollowing a skiing-related head injury death of the actor Natasha Richardson, we noted a marked increase in injury-related visits to the Emergency Department (ED) of the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). We assumed these visits were driven by media coverage, which would be greater in Quebec than elsewhere in Canada.MethodsUsing data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), we compared visits to the MCH-ED for 10 weeks beginning in March. We also compared visits for the event week with the averages for the same week in the preceding 16 years. We noted the percent of MCH-ED visits that were for head injuries. Finally, we examined the same 10-week patterns for children's hospitals in Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver.ResultsWe found a 60% increase at the MCH for the event week compared with the first week of March and 66% increase compared to the 16-year average. We noted that for the event week 43.7% of injury visits were for head injuries compared with 28.8% (16-years average). There was, however, no change in ratio of severe head injuries. The increase in Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver was 24%, 23% and 22% respectively over the first week of March.InterpretationThese data suggest that the media coverage of this celebrity death which involved a failure to seek medical attention, generated anxiety among parents, prompting them to bring children to the ED who might not otherwise have sought medical care.
Disability among older citizens and its association to familial support – a study in a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad (Pakistan)
Authors: Khan S M , Laflamme L 
Published: March 2011

As ageing is an upcoming issue in low-income countries, an increase in the prevalence of functional disability among older citizens is expected, paralleled with increase dependence on familial support.The study examines the occurrence of functional disabilities among older people in a low-income setting and its association with individual familial support.Data were gathered from a sample of 136 patients aged 60+ years attending a tertiary healthcare hospital in Islamabad. Assessments of functional disability (ADL and IADL) and familial support were made using a standardised questionnaire. Disability (yes/no) was assessed for each of 15 functional disability items. Thereafter, the association between disability (on any item) and each (also dichotomised) component of three dimensions of familial support (instrumental; social and emotional) was measured using Fisher exact test (a total of 15 components). 69% of the subjects qualified as disabled. Disability was more common in IADL than ADL activities. There was a significant difference between disabled and non-disabled persons as regards several forms of instrumental support they received, to the benefit of the disabled. There was not much difference in social and emotional support. The fact of being disabled seems to be associated with individual sociodemographic status, to the detriment of women, illiterate and non earners.Disability is prevalent among older people in Pakistan, occurs at an early age and is associated with the familial support received, particularly instrumental support. There is a need to understand these associations better to allow older people to realise their healthy life potential.
Motivation to attend motorcycle training course for beginning rider
Authors: Waiyanate N , Aniwattakulchai P , Sigama T 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionMotorcycle represents the highest number of vehicle in Thailand, the increasing of motorcycle registry cause effects to the number of accident injuries and death. The first two age groups of injuries are 20–29 and 10–19 years old. Statement of the problem from the previous research show experience in accident and injury rider who learnta skill practice by themselves and their friend are the most high risk group. A safety riding program can decrease 30% of injury, but only 0.03% of Thai riders has been learnt this course. How to increase number of riders passing a safety riding training course. The propose of survey and interview about learning process for riders license and evaluate attitude of beginning rider toward the licensing examination.MethodA self-reported survey rider who get in to a licensing process at land Transportation Authority Office (LTAO)and a safety riding school.ResultsAltogether 246 (LTAO) rider and 84 (A-P Honda rider) Most of beginning riders start to practice riding when younger than 15 years old. Learning from parents and practice by themselves on road in neighbourhood, reason to test at (LTAO) not convenient to go to riding school, easy and simple to skill test and disagree with the law everybody need to attend a riding school. Rider from safety driving school agree that it is useful for riding skill improvement, training cost time period lecture and practice are suitable.RecommendationConvince people that long time training can improve riding skill experience.
Epidemiology of some sport injuries among physical education college students
Authors: Ray M K Jui , Kohandel M 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionAt the moment, students at universities, colleges and other institutes represent an increasingly large proportion of the total population of young people over 18 years of age. There is a need for injury prevention programs among students at the universities and colleges. For this aim, we must to recognise the epidemiology of injuries among them because physical education students are at risk of injury in the practical class such as gymnastics, football, wrestling, volleyball and basketball or some physical activities. So, their health beliefs and health-related behaviours are important because, as future professionals, senior managers and policy makers, they may be in a position to have an influence over other people's health and it is very important to future life of them.MethodsSports-related injury data were collected from a questionnaire survey during the 2006–2009 academic years from 400 physical education male and female students' in Islamic Azad University Karaj branch representative severe injuries was defined as any injury that resulted in the loss of more than two weeks of sports participation.ResultsThe common sports involved in injuries were football (33%), futsal (24%), basketball (15%), volleyball (11%), tae kwon do (10%) and swimming (7%). The lower limb usually took the brunt of the injuries (57%) followed by the upper limb (28%), head and face (12%) and spinal injuries were relatively uncommon (3%). The majority of the injuries were mild to moderate and the commonest ones were contusion (41%), sprains (22%), wound (19%), strains (11%) and cramp (7%). Some students (38%) reported at least one injury requiring medical attention in year and (62%) of they were self-treated. However, a significant group of more severe injuries was recorded: fracture, dislocation and meniscus injury which demanded special medical attention and longer period for recovery. The preventive aspects of sports injuries was not well recognised with only 40% of the students regularly practicing warm-up exercises, 18% stretching exercises and 4% using protective aids.Discussion/conclusionThis study indicates that, if programmers have information about injury among university students they can reduces risk of injuries in practical classes especially football, futsal, and other activities that they are high risk sports. So, it is necessary and important for injury prevention programs among students at the universities, colleges and institutes. Programs need to disseminate the risk of disabling injury, particularly that attributable to participation in sport/physical activity. Our results indicates that severe injury rates and patterns varied by sport, gender and type of exposure.
Pediatric violence-related injuries presenting to the emergency department: epidemiology and risk factors
Authors: Gorgos A , Hervouet-Zeiber C , Dunand L , Rousseau E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPhysical violence frequently brings victims to seek care in emergency departments, providing opportunity for prevention.ObjectiveTo describe physical aggression-related injuries in youth 5–19 years presenting to an urban emergency department and identify risk factors.MethodsWe used retrospective data from one paediatric tertiary centre affiliated with the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. Intentional injuries inflicted by other youth were examined from 1998 to 2007. Injuries were classified by age groups and characterised according to type, body part involved, place where they occurred, mechanism and disposition of the patient.ResultsFive hundred four visits for non-accidental physical injuries were identified. There were 395 (78%) males. Thirty-nine (8%) patients were 5–9 years-old, 251 (50%) were 10–14 years-old and 214 (42%) were 15–19 years-old. Injuries were superficial (23%), open wounds (21%), concussions (19%) and fractures (17%). The head and face were involved most frequently (63%). When information was available, 50% of injuries occurred at school (153 of 306), and 63% involved bodily force (190 of 300). Twenty-five (5%) were admitted to the hospital for more severe injuries.ConclusionIn this study, most physical aggression-related injuries in youth occurred in 10–19 year-old boys, involved the head and face, occurred at school and resulted from bodily force. A small minority of patients were admitted. Youth that have been assaulted can be targeted for intervention and follow-up in order to manage the physical and psychological sequelae, as well as prevent their repeated victimisation, their possible evolution into perpetrators and enhance their empowerment.
How to prevent suicide events at the community level
Authors: Cho J Pil , Henriksson B , Horte L G , Beskow J , Osorno J , Svanström L 
Published: March 2011

How to prevent suicide events at the community level. To be delivered as a panel presentation and discussion during the 10th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, London, UK. Chaired by Professor Leif Svanstrom, WHO CC on Comm Safety Promotion.BackgroundThe Safe Community movement has spent 35 years developing local prevention of accidents, 15–20 years to prevent injuries caused by violence and a decade or so trying to meet the expectations of communities facing a growing problem of preventing suicidal episodes.Panel participantsDr Choung Ah Lee, MD, S Korea: The role of hospital and emergency departments in suicide prevention; Professor Lars-Gunnar Horte, Sweden: How common are suicidal events? Epidemiological issues; Professor Jan Beskow, Sweden: Accidents and Suicide attempts- two sides of the same coin? Professor Leif Svanstrom, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden: The role of the International Safe Community Movement in preventing suicidal events.
Patterns of helmet use among San Francisco Bay Area motorcyclists
Authors: Tsui C , Rice T M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe the methods used in a survey of San Francisco Bay Area motorcyclists, the patterns of helmet use among respondents, and the associations between personal characteristics and helmet types chosen by motorcyclists.MethodsOut of 860 San Francisco Bay Area motorcyclists, 269 were sampled at recreational riding areas, 549 were sampled by leafleting motorcycles parked in public areas in 5 SFBA cities and 42 were sampled by postings on motorcycling Internet venues. Multiple imputation by chained equations was used to address missing values. Multivariable analysis was conducted using ordinal logistic regression, with the primary response variable being adequate helmet usage. Covariates included age, sex, motorcycle type, riding experience, riding frequency, annual miles ridden, primary purpose of riding, and sample method.ResultsSeventy-one percent were always adequately helmeted while 3% were never adequately helmet. Being African American (OR 2.8), riding a Cruiser motorcycle (OR 2.7) and riding for more than 10 years were associated with higher frequency of inadequate helmet use, while riding a Sport motorcycle was associated with decreased odds of inadequate helmet use (OR 0.44).ConclusionsThis study has identified characteristics of riders who lack adequate helmet protection. These results may aid in designing targeted education or injury prevention programs to increase and improve helmet use.
Coroners recommendations and the prevention of fatal injury
Authors: Bugeja L , Ibrahim J E , Ozanne-Smith J , Brodie L , McClure R 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionA purported strength of the medico legal death investigation system (coroner or medical examiner) is the provision for formal recommendations to be made about the prevention of fatal injury. Recent changes in the United Kingdom and Australia are requiring organisations to respond to coroners recommendations.AimTo describe the nature of coroners recommendations for injury fatalities in Victoria, Australia using a novel model.MethodsInjury fatalities investigated by the coroner were extracted for the State of Victoria from the Australian National Coroners Information System (1 July 2000 – 30 June 2005). Unique coroners recommendations were examined by incident using a derived model comprising seven elements important for injury prevention: (1) population at risk; (2) risk/contributing factors; (3) countermeasure; (4) level of intervention; (5) strategy for implementation; (6) organisation; and (7) timeframe for implementation.ResultsOf the 7655 injury deaths (from 7394 incidents) investigated by the coroner, only 456 (6%) deaths (407 incidents) had recommendations, 338 of which were unique. Overall, most unique coroners recommendations described the elements (5) strategy for implementation (n=320, 94.7%) and (3) countermeasure (n=318, 94.1%). Few recommendations described elements (1) population at risk (n=185, 54.7%) or (2) risk/contributing factors (n=175, 51.8%).RecommendationsAbout transport-related deaths had the most comprehensive coverage of the seven elements.Discussion and conclusionCoroners make few recommendations for the prevention of injury fatalities. There are significant gaps in their formulation with incomplete adherence to the principles of injury prevention. This information is an essential step to improving the formulation of coroners recommendations and optimising their capacity for prevention.
Age characteristics of road users involved in road traffic accidents in China
Authors: Wang S , Qiu J , Zhou J , Liu G 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionMore and more drivers at large range of age have been participating in road traffic activities in China. This paper is to study age characteristics of road users who involved in road traffic accidents (RTA) in China.MethodsThe data of road crashes and traffic injuries from 2000 to 2008 in China were collected from China Traffic Management Bureau to analyse relationships of age with crash, mortality, responsibility et al.Results(1) The road crashes caused by children aged at 1–6 years accounted for 0.22% of all RTA in 2003 and decreased to 0.10% in 2008. The death of these children reached peak in 2002 and the death remained about 2.8% of all RTA death. (2) The proportion of crashes caused by middle-aged persons at age of 41–65 years were increased from 19.31% in 2000 to 27.87% of all RTA in 2008. (3) Crashes caused by over 65 years reached 1.5% of all RTA. But the dead of over 65 years increased to 10.5% of RTA death, it was increasing year by year especially after 2004. (4) 16–45 years old group were still the major part with responsibility for RTA, accounting for over 80% of traffic accidents, it caused 85.0% of RTA and count for 85.37% of RTA death in 2008.ConclusionThere are more and more middle-age and aged drivers, which may contribute to increase of road traffic accidents and deaths. The death of the older people caused by RTA is increasing gradually.
Analysis of pedestrian road traffic crashes and injuries in Chongqing during 2000–2006
Authors: Qiu J , Liu G , Zhou J , Zhang L , Yuan D , Li G 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionWith enhancement of road traffic conditions the safety of pedestrians is improved in Chongqing. This paper is to analyse accidents involving pedestrians in Chongqing from 2000 to 2006 so as to understand responsibility distribution, accident causes and injury characteristics.MethodsThe data of pedestrian road crashes and injuries in three districts from 2000 to 2006 were collected and input into Road traffic crashes and road traffic injuries database to analyse responsibility distribution, causes, casualties.Results9.07% (1702) of total crashes were pedestrian traffic crashes in 7 years. There were 1418 crashes causing injury of pedestrians, accounting for 8.13% of total crashes causing injury and 284 crashes involving death of pedestrians, accounting for 21.66% of total crashes resulting death. The crashes caused by pedestrians led to 2114 injuries, accounting for 4.64% of all injuries and to 438 deaths, accounting for 16.57%. The main causes of these crashes were illegally crossing driveway (74.30%). Of all pedestrian casualties, 57.94% were due to illegally crossing driveway.15.43% of the casualties were on the crosswalk.ConclusionsThe crashes caused by pedestrians have higher proportion of death than that of injuries. Illegally crossing driveway is the main cause for these crashes. It is worth noticing that a rather high proportion of pedestrians are impaired on the crosswalks, indicating that we should pay more attentions to protecting right of pedestrians on the crosswalks.
Indigenous engagement and experiences in a National Injury Study
Authors: Wyeth E H , Hokowhitu B , Derrett S , Langley J D 
Published: March 2011

Context Māori, the indigenous population in New Zealand, have been subject to research and associated policies with negative consequences. Researchers have been challenged by Māori to conduct research that is acceptable, accountable and relevant. Much of this debate has taken place within the framework of the Treaty of Waitangi, a treaty of cession signed between Māori and British Crown representatives in 1840.ObjectivesOur cohort study, the Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study, aims to quantitatively identify predictors of disability following injury, and qualitatively explore lived experiences and perceptions of injury outcomes. This presentation examines how, in developing this study, we responded to the Treaty. We will present the Māori qualitative results. Key Messages Our responses to the Treaty included: consultation with Māori, questionnaire translation, appointment of interviewers fluent in Māori, over-sampling Māori participants to allow Māori-specific analyses, and a Māori-specific qualitative component. Māori experiences reported in the qualitative component are varied and include: job loss, depression, loss of faith in the health system and family stress.DiscussionWhile much of this presentation turns on New Zealands history, we believe it is of relevance to health researchers in other former settler societies. Rather than presenting an ideal model for population-level research, we hope that by describing our efforts, we can prompt wider debate of the complex realities of the research environment, which is both scientifically and culturally located. The qualitative study allows us to explore, in greater depth, the factors that contribute to injury outcomes for Māori specifically.
Child injury in an urban Australian indigenous community: the safe koori kids intervention
Authors: Clapham K , Khavarpour F , Bolt R , Stevenson M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo design and evaluate an intervention targeting urban indigenous Australian children in order to increase their self-efficacy, knowledge and attitudes towards safety.MethodsThe Safe Koori Kids intervention was developed and delivered to 790 children primary school aged children (13% indigenous) in 24 middle and upper primary classes across five schools in Sydney, Australia. The intervention, consisting of five safety modules, was evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. A pre-test post-test research design was applied to evaluate changes in key outcomes namely child self-efficacy, knowledge and attitudes towards safety. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from teachers.FindingsThere was a significant increase (p<0.05) in self-efficacy among children from pre- to post-intervention for both Indigenous (6%) and non-Indigenous children (2%). Safety knowledge among Indigenous children increased from pre- to post intervention by 17% (p<0.01) and non-Indigenous children by 15%, (p<0.01). However, there were no significant improvements in attitudes towards safety (indigenous children 2%, p=0.288, non-Indigenous children 1%, p=0.0721). Overall, Indigenous children scored lower than non-Indigenous children post intervention on self-efficacy (75%:77%), knowledge (56%:63%) and attitudes towards safety (79%:84%). Teacher focus groups provided further evidence of the programs impact on children's safety knowledge and attitudes.ConclusionsThe study contributes to our limited knowledge about effective child injury prevention for disadvantaged Indigenous minorities in high income countries. This is the first intervention of its type in an urban indigenous setting in Australia which has positively contributed to the resilience of indigenous children and families with respect to safety and their environment.
Economic and social burden due to injuries and violence in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumar J S , Shrestha S 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveInjury and violence cause 5 million deaths annually in the world which is around 9% of the global mortality. Eight out of 15 leading causes of deaths in the age group 15–25 years are injury related. The study investigates the incidence, severity and socio-economic burden of injuries and violence in two cities of Nepal.DesignA cross-sectional study was designed to record the incidence of injuries, their causes and socio-economic burden during 17th August 2008 to 16th September 2008.ParticipantsThe study was conducted in emergency department of six hospitals in two major cities of Nepal. All the patients visiting emergency department with any kind of physical injury were included into the study.Outcome measuresThe cause, circumstances and severity of injury were recorded. In addition, the total amount of expense for the treatment was also calculated.ResultsIn total, 505 injury cases (two brought dead) were reported, 72.7% (n=367) were male. Majority (60%, n=303) of them were economically active. 10.5% (n=53) were severely injured. 42.5% (n=214) of the injuries occurred in roads and 34.1% (172) at home. 65% (n=115) of road traffic injuries involved motorcycles. Fall from height (30.4%, n=503) was the commonest domestic injury. A single injury case cost 126.2 US$ including all the expenses and the loss due to inability to work.ConclusionsThe high incidence of injuries, especially road traffic injuries, adds a huge economic burden to nation.