bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms involved in endothelin‐1‐induced contraction of the pig urinary bladder neck
Authors: Arteaga José Luis , Orensanz Luis M. , Martínez María Pilar , Barahona María Victoria , Recio Paz , Martínez‐Sáenz Ana , Fernandes Vítor S. , Ribeiro Ana S. F. , García‐Sacristán Albino , Prieto Dolores , Hernández Medardo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimsThere is no information about the signaling pathways involved in the endothelin‐1 (ET‐1)‐induced contraction of bladder neck. The current study investigates the mechanisms involved in the ET‐1‐elicited contraction in the pig bladder neck.MethodsBladder neck strips were mounted in organ baths containing physiological saline solution at 37°C and gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, for isometric force recording to endothelin receptor agonists, noradrenaline (NA), and electrical field stimulation. Endothelin ETA receptor expression was also determined, by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot.ResultsETA receptor expression (Western blot) was observed in the muscular layer and urothelium. A strong ETA‐immunoreactivity (ETA‐IR) was identified within nerve fibers among smooth muscle bundles. ET‐1 and ET‐2 evoked similar concentration‐dependent contractions of urothelium‐denuded preparations. ET‐3 produced a slight response, whereas the ETB receptor agonist BQ3020 failed to promote contraction. BMS182874, an ETA receptor antagonist, reduced ET‐1‐induced contraction whereas BQ788, an ETB antagonist, did not change such responses. ET‐1 contractions were reduced by extracellular Ca2+ removal and by inhibition of voltage‐gated Ca2+ (VOC) (L‐type) and non‐VOC channels, Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway, and neuronal VOC channels. NA produced contractions which were enhanced by ET‐1 threshold concentrations. ETA receptor blockade enhanced nitric oxide‐dependent nerve‐mediated relaxations.ConclusionsThese results suggest that ET‐1 produces contraction via muscular ETA receptors coupled to extracellular Ca2+ entry via VOC (L‐type) and non‐VOC channels. Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and a Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway could also be involved in these responses. ET‐1‐evoked potentiation on noradrenergic contraction, and neuronal ETA receptors modulating nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission, are also demonstrated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:156–161, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear lamins and laminopathies
Authors: Worman Howard J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNuclear lamins are intermediate filament proteins that polymerize to form the nuclear lamina on the inner aspect of the inner nuclear membrane. Long known to be essential for maintaining nuclear structure and disassembling/reassembling during mitosis in metazoans, research over the past dozen years has shown that mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins, particularly LMNA encoding the A‐type lamins, cause a broad range of diverse diseases, often referred to as laminopathies. Lamins are expressed in all mammalian somatic cells but mutations in their genes lead to relatively tissue‐selective disease phenotypes in most cases. While mutations causing laminopathies have been shown to produce abnormalities in nuclear morphology, how these disease‐causing mutations or resultant alterations in nuclear structure lead to pathology is only starting to be understood. Despite the incomplete understanding of pathogenic mechanisms underlying the laminopathies, basic research in cellular and small animal models has produced promising leads for treatments of these rare diseases. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Fanconi anaemia pathway orchestrates incisions at sites of crosslinked DNA
Authors: Crossan Gerry P , Patel Ketan J 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetically complex, DNA repair deficiency syndrome in man. Patients with FA exhibit a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical features. The most significant and consistent phenotypic characteristics are stem cell loss, causing progressive bone marrow failure and sterility, diverse developmental abnormalities and a profound predisposition to neoplasia. To date, 15 genes have been indentified, biallelic disruption of any one of which results in this clinically defined syndrome. It is now apparent that all 15 gene products act in a common process to maintain genome stability. At the molecular level, a fundamental defect in DNA repair underlies this complex phenotype. Cells derived from FA patients spontaneously accumulate broken chromosomes and exhibit a marked sensitivity to DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutic agents. Despite complementation analysis defining many components of the FA DNA repair pathway, no direct link to DNA metabolism was established until recently. First, it is now evident that the FA pathway is required to make incisions at the site of damaged DNA. Second, a specific component of the FA pathway has been identified that regulates nucleases previously implicated in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. Taken together, these data provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the FA pathway is a bona fide DNA repair pathway that directly mediates DNA repair transactions, thereby elucidating the specific molecular defect in human Fanconi anaemia. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epiphyseal growth plate and secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma: the neighbours matter
Authors: de Andrea Carlos E , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChondrocytes interact with their neighbours through their cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM). Chondrocyte–matrix interactions compensate the lack of cell–cell contact and are modulated by proteoglycans and other molecules. The epiphyseal growth plate is a highly organized tissue responsible for long bone elongation. The growth plate is regulated by gradients of morphogens that are established by proteoglycans. Morphogens diffuse across the ECM, creating short‐ and long‐range signalling that lead to the formation of a polarized tissue. Mutations affecting genes that modulate cell–matrix interactions are linked to several human disorders. Homozygous mutations of EXT1/EXT2 result in reduced synthesis and shortened heparan sulphate chains on both cell surface and matrix proteoglycans. This disrupts the diffusion gradients of morphogens and signal transduction in the epiphyseal growth plate, contributing to loss of cell polarity and osteochondroma formation. Osteochondromas are cartilage‐capped bony projections arising from the metaphyses of endochondral bones adjacent to the growth plate. The osteochondroma cap is formed by cells with homozygous mutation of EXT1/EXT2 and committed stem cells/wild‐type chondrocytes. Osteochondroma serves as a niche (a permissive environment), which facilitates the committed stem cells/wild‐type chondrocytes to acquire secondary genetic changes to form a secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. In such a scenario, the micro‐environment is the site of the initiating processes that ultimately lead to cancer. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nature and frequency of drug‐related problems in self‐medication (over‐the‐counter drugs) in daily community pharmacy practice in Germany
Authors: Eickhoff Christiane , Hämmerlein Andrea , Griese Nina , Schulz Martin 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeTo quantify drug‐related problems (DRPs) in self‐medication (over‐the‐counter [OTC] drug use) identified by community pharmacists (CPs) in Germany at the time the drug is dispensed.MethodsOne hundred CPs were asked to document 100 consecutive customers presenting symptoms or requesting OTC drugs using a standardized documentation form. The number of 10 000 encounters seemed reasonable to evaluate the set objective. For each encounter, data such as age, sex, and first or repeated request and the availability of a patient file in the pharmacy including drug history were documented. Furthermore, identified DRPs, problem descriptions, and solutions were documented. Data were transcribed electronically, coded, checked for validity, and analyzed.ResultsIn total, 109 CPs documented 12 567 encounters identifying DRPs in 17.6% of all cases. Four indications comprised more than 70% of all DRPs: pain, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin disorders. Four DRPs were responsible for almost 75% of all DRPs identified: self‐medication inappropriate (29.7%), requested product inappropriate (20.5%), intended duration of drug use too high including abuse (17.1%), and wrong dosage (6.8%). If a drug history was available, significantly more cases with wrong dosage (p < 0.05) and drug–drug interactions (p < 0.001) were detected.All patients with identified DRPs were counseled accordingly. Furthermore, the most frequent interventions were referral to a physician (39.5%) and switching to a more appropriate drug (28.1%).ConclusionsIn nearly one of five encounters, a direct pharmacist–patient interaction about self‐medication revealed relevant DRPs. Having access to patient files including data on prescription and OTC drugs may increase patient safety. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system is a major independent risk factor for acute renal failure induced by sucrose‐containing intravenous immunoglobulins: a case–control study
Authors: Moulis Guillaume , Sailler Laurent , Sommet Agnès , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Montastruc Jean‐Louis ,   the French Association of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centers
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeRisk factors for intravenous immunoglobulin‐induced renal failure (IVIg‐RF) were suspected from case series studies. This study was aimed at quantifying the risk of IVIg‐RF associated with exposure to drugs that modify intrarenal hemodynamics.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database (FPVD). Adult IVIg‐RF cases registered in the FPVD from 1996 to 2009 were reviewed. Controls were patients included in the FPVD for another IVIg adverse effect. Controls were matched for sucrose content of the preparation, year of adverse event and age. The predictors of IVIg‐RF were exposure to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐I), angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARA), diuretics, age, gender and weight, IVIg delivered dose and infusion duration, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Acute IVIg‐RF was defined as a calculated creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min and, in the event of chronic kidney disease, (i) a more than 50% increase of serum creatinine, (ii) an indication of oligo‐anuria or (iii) a requirement for dialysis.ResultsWe selected 71 cases and 71 controls. Forty‐nine percent of the cases required transient hemodialysis. In the final multivariate model, exposure to ACE‐I and/or ARA was the sole independent predictor associated with IVIg‐RF (OR = 7.9, 95%CI = 1.3–49.2). There was an interaction between ‘diabetes mellitus’ (OR = 7.7, 95%CI = 2.3–25.5) and ‘chronic kidney disease’ (OR = 13.0, 95%CI = 3.1–54.7), both being strong risk factors in univariate models (p < 0.001). Chronic hypertension was a risk factor for hemodialysis.ConclusionsTemporary interruption of ACE‐I and ARA may be considered at the time of IVIg infusion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescence enhancement of cationic diacetylene‐contained polyelectrolyte by anions and cations and application for sensitive and selective detection of Hg2+
Authors: Zeng Wennan , Wang Lingyun , Lin Shuimu , Liu Shouping , Beuerman Roger , Cao Derong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn unusual phenomenon, the fluorescence enhancement of cationic conjugated fluorene‐co‐carbazole‐co‐diacetylene polymers (CPFC) by both anionic and cationic ions, was reported. The fluorescence enhancement of CPFC strongly depended on the nature of the ions and the counterions. In the solution of DMF/H2O, PO, CO and Hg2+ showed the most pronounced fluorescence enhancement response of CPFC (more than 10‐fold). The fluorescence of CPFC was quenched by K4[Fe(CN)6, and then could be recovered with the addition of Hg2+. Based on these observations, a simple and sensitive fluorescent “turn‐on” sensor in aqueous solution for Hg2+ was developed by use of a system of CPFC/ K4[Fe(CN)6]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Stigma, perceived blame, self‐blame, and depressive symptoms in men with colorectal cancer
Authors: Phelan Sean M. , Griffin Joan M. , Jackson George L. , Zafar S. Yousuf , Hellerstedt Wendy , Stahre Mandy , Nelson David , Zullig Leah L. , Burgess Diana J. , van Ryn Michelle 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe measured the prevalence of stigma, self‐blame, and perceived blame from others for their illness among men with colorectal cancer (CRC) and examined whether these factors were associated with depressive symptoms, independent of clinical and sociodemographic factors.MethodsSelf‐administered questionnaires were returned in the fall of 2009 by 1109 eligible male US veterans who were diagnosed with CRC at any Veterans Affairs facility in 2008. Questionnaires assessed stigma, feelings of blame, and depressive symptoms as well as other facets of health, cancer characteristics, and quality and type of medical care. We report the prevalence of cancer stigma, self‐blame, and perceived blame from others. We used multivariate linear regression to assess the association between these factors and a measure of depressive symptoms. Covariates included several measures of overall health, cancer progression, symptom severity, and sociodemographic factors.ResultsThirty one percent of respondents endorsed at least one item in a measure of cancer stigma and 25% reported feeling that it was at least ‘a little true’ that they were to blame for their illness. All three independent variables were associated with depressive symptoms in bivariate models; cancer stigma and self‐blame were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the multivariate model.ConclusionsCancer stigma and self‐blame are problems for a significant minority of men with CRC and are independent predictors of depressive symptoms. They may represent an important source of stress in men with CRC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural cooperativity in histone H3 tail modifications
Authors: Sanli Deniz , Keskin Ozlem , Gursoy Attila , Erman Burak 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPost‐translational modifications of histone H3 tails have crucial roles in regulation of cellular processes. There is cross‐regulation between the modifications of K4, K9, and K14 residues. The modifications on these residues drastically promote or inhibit each other. In this work, we studied the structural changes of the histone H3 tail originating from the three most important modifications; tri‐methylation of K4 and K9, and acetylation of K14. We performed extensive molecular dynamics simulations of four types of H3 tails: (i) the unmodified H3 tail having no chemical modification on the residues, (ii) the tri‐methylated lysine 4 and lysine 9 H3 tail (K4me3K9me3), (iii) the tri‐methylated lysine 4 and acetylated lysine 14 H3 tail (K4me3K14ace), and (iv) tri‐methylated lysine 9 and acetylated lysine 14 H3 tail (K9me3K14ace). Here, we report the effects of K4, K9, and K14 modifications on the backbone torsion angles and relate these changes to the recognition and binding of histone modifying enzymes. According to the Ramachandran plot analysis; (i) the dihedral angles of K4 residue are significantly affected by the addition of three methyl groups on this residue regardless of the second modification, (ii) the dihedral angle values of K9 residue are similarly altered majorly by the tri‐methylation of K4 residue, (iii) different combinations of modifications (tri‐methylation of K4 and K9, and acetylation of K14) have different influences on phi and psi values of K14 residue. Finally, we discuss the consequences of these results on the binding modes and specificity of the histone modifying enzymes such as DIM‐5, GCN5, and JMJD2A.
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SWCNT and TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposites with different carbon nanotube content
Authors: Vajda Krisztina , Mogyorosi Karoly , Nemeth Zoltan , Hernadi Klara , Forro Laszlo , Magrez Arnaud , Dombi Andras 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWith different mass ratios, titanium dioxide/carbon nanotube (0.1–10 wt% CNT content) nanocomposites were prepared with the aid of ultrasonication method. The structures of the various TiO2/CNT nanocomposites were characterized by electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy). Their photocatalytic activity was tested by the degradation of phenol in aqueous solution under near‐UV irradiation. In parallel experiments, both (SW and MW) CNT samples were treated in a reflux system with nitric acid to functionalize the nanotubes, subsequently preparing the nanocomposites in the same method. At higher CNT concentration (5, 10 wt%) the nanocomposites exhibited lower photocatalytic activity compared to the samples with lower CNT concentration, probably because the higher CNT concentration reduces the light intensity on the surfaces of TiO2 particles. Our aim was to find the best synthesis method and the optimal composition of the TiO2/CNT nanocomposites for the degradation of phenol under UV irradiation. The highest degradation rate was achieved with Aldrich anatase/functionalized single wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite (AA + f‐SW1 wt%). The photocatalytic activity of this sample was significantly higher compared to the bare Aldrich anatase and Aeroxide P25 titanium dioxide reference samples which were the best photocatalysts among the investigated bare titanias.
Ferrocene encapsulation in carbon nanotubes: Various methods of filling and investigation
Authors: Kocsis Dorina , Kaptás Dénes , Botos Ákos , Pekker Áron , Kamarás Katalin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne of the most exciting properties of carbon nanotubes is their ability to encapsulate molecular species in their quasi‐one dimensional channels. We present results on single‐walled carbon nanotubes filled with ferrocene, the most stable and commercially available metallocene. For encapsulation of the ferrocene molecules we attempted two types of filling: a high temperature vapor‐phase method and nano‐extraction from ethanol. To confirm the encapsulation, double‐walled carbon nanotubes were created from the samples by annealing. The inner tubes could be detected by Raman scattering via their radial breathing mode. These experiments confirmed that only the high‐temperature annealing method was successful. The product was characterized by infrared attenuated total reflection (IR‐ATR), Raman, ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. By the latter method other iron‐containing phases were observed. Mössbauer spectra proved that no charge transfer occurs between the nanotube and the ferrocene molecules.
Bundle and chirality influences on properties of carbon nanotubes studied with van der Waals density functional theory
Authors: Dumlich Heiko , Gegg Michael , Hennrich Frank , Reich Stephanie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study the binding strength and intertube distance of carbon nanotube bundles in dependence of their structure (chirality) with van der Waals density functional theory. We try to understand the bundling and debundling process of nanotube bundles and test whether an influence of chirality exists. The distance between the nanotubes in the bundles vary only in a small range within 3.3 and 3.4 Å, without any chiral angle and diameter dependence. We find an increase of van der Waals energy per length with increasing diameter of the nanotubes ${\left( {E_{{\rm vdW}}^{{\rm length}} {\propto} d\,{\rm or}\,\sqrt {d} } \right)}$ for tubes with diameters between 5.6 and 27.3 Å, but no obvious correlation between the chirality of the tubes and the van der Waals energy per length. The van der Waals energy per atom is decreasing with increasing tube diameter ${\left( {E_{{\rm vdW}}^{{\rm atom}} {\propto} 1/d\,{\rm or}\,1/\sqrt {d} } \right)}$.
Monte Carlo simulation of step effect on molecular‐based magnets
Authors: Wang Wei , Jiang Wei , Lv Dan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation has been used in detail to study the step effect of the hysteresis loop for a ferrimagnetic mixed spin‐2 and spin‐5/2 Ising model on a honeycomb lattice. The results indicate that the hysteresis loops exhibit an obvious step effect and various shapes for different single‐ion anisotropies and exchange couplings at very low temperature. Under a longitudinal magnetic field (h > 0 or h < 0), we have obtained 2S + 1 magnetic plateaus for different single‐ion anisotropies at low temperature. The existence of triple and double hysteresis loop patterns has been found in the system. It is shown that the sublattice anisotropy and the interlayer exchange coupling strongly affect the coercivity of the system. The influence of the interlayer exchange couplings on the total magnetization, susceptibility, internal energy and specific heat with temperature are numerically examined in the absence of the longitudinal field.
Outstanding questions in electron–ion energy relaxation, lattice stability, and dielectric function of warm dense matter
Authors: Ng Andrew 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOur earlier experiments in shocked silicon and gold heated with femtosecond‐laser have revealed some unexpected findings including a reduced electron–ion coupling constant, superheating, and enhancement of interband transitions. The original experiments and their interpretations are reviewed together with discussions of new perspectives to identify key questions that need to be addressed in understanding electron–ion energy relaxation, lattice stability, and dielectric function under nonequilibrium, warm dense matter conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Human serotonin 5‐HT2C G protein‐coupled receptor homology model from the β2 adrenoceptor structure: Ligand docking and mutagenesis studies
Authors: Córdova‐Sintjago Tania , Villa Nancy , Canal Clinton , Booth Raymond 
Published: September 2011

AbstractActivation of the serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) 5HT2C G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) is proposed as novel pharmacotherapy for obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, activation of the 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2B GPCRs is associated with untoward hallucinogenic and cardiopulmonary effects, respectively. There is no crystal structure available to guide design of 5‐HT2C receptor‐specific ligands. For this reason, a homology model of the 5‐HT2C receptor was built based on the crystal structure of the human β2 adrenoceptor GPCR to delineate molecular determinants of ligand–receptor interactions for drug design purposes. Computational and experimental studies were carried out to validate the model. Binding of N(CH3)2‐PAT [(1R, 3S)‐(–)‐trans‐1‐phenyl‐3‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene], a novel 5‐HT2C agonist/5‐HT2A/2B inverse agonist, and its secondary [NH(CH3)‐PAT] and primary (NH2‐PAT) amine analogs were studied at the 5‐HT2C wild type (WT) and D3.32A, S3.36A, and Y7.43A 5‐HT2C point‐mutated receptors. Reference ligands included the tertiary amines lisuride and mesulergine and the primary amine 5‐HT. Modeling results indicated that 5‐HT2C residues D3.32, S3.36, and Y7.43 play a role in ligand binding. Experimental ligand binding results with WT and point‐mutated receptors confirmed the impact of D3.32, S3.36, and Y7.43 on ligand affinity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012