bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Convergent Validity of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception—Adolescent and Adult, Motor-Free Visual Perception Test—Third Edition and Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor) — Third Edition When Used with Adults
Authors: Brown Ted , Elliot Stephen , Bourne Ralda , Sutton Emma , Wigg Stefan , Morgan Deidre , Glass Sharon , Lalor Aislinn 
Published: March 2012

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the convergent validity of the Developmental Test of Visual Perception — Adolescent and Adult (DTVP-A), the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test — third edition (MVPT-3) and the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) — third edition (TVPS-3) when used with adults. Method: Two hundred and twenty-one participants aged 20+ years (49 with and 172 without neurological impairment) completed the DTVP-A, MVPT-3 and TVPS-3. Spearman rho correlation coefficients were used to analyse the convergent validity of the three tests. Results: The DTVP-A (non-motor) total score was significantly correlated (p<0.01) with the MVPT-3 and the TVPS-3 total scores (rho = 0.73 and rho = 0.75 respectively). The MVPT-3 total score was also significantly correlated (p<0.01) with the TVPS-3 total score (rho = 0.79). The DTVP-A figure-ground subscale was found to be significantly correlated (p<0.01) with TVPS-3 subscales 1 to 7 with rho coefficients ranging from 0.36 to 0.56, as was the DTVP-A visual closure subscale (rho coefficients ranging from 0.43 to 0.64) and the DTVP-A form constancy subscale (rho coefficients ranging from 0.51 to 0.64). The DTVP-A total score was also significantly correlated (p<0.01) with subscales 1 to 7 of the TVPS-3 (rho coefficients ranging from 0.48 to 0.68). Moreover, the TVPS-3 total score was significantly correlated (p<0.01) with the figure-ground, visual closure and form constancy subscales of the DTVP-A (rho = 0.62, rho = 0.65 and rho = 0.68). Furthermore, the MVPT-3 total score was significantly correlated (p<0.01) with the figure-ground, visual closure and form constancy subscales of DTVP-A (rho = 0.59, rho = 0.68 and rho = 0.65 respectively) and with subscales 1 to 7 of the TVPS-3 (rho coefficients ranging from 0.53 to 0.70). Conclusion: The DTVP-A, MVPT-3 and TVPS-3 exhibited moderate to high levels of convergent validity. The clinical implications of the findings of the study are that the DTVP-A, MVPT-3 and TVPS-3 appear to be measuring similar visual perceptual skills, but it is also important to note that the three tests all assess the visual perceptual skills in different ways.
Culture and Diversity among Occupational Therapists in Ireland: When the Therapist is the ‘Diverse’ One
Authors: Beagan Brenda L , Chacala Aneta 
Published: March 2012

Introduction: Literature in occupational therapy, although paying increased attention to cultural differences and diversity, has largely ignored the situation of therapists who are themselves members of social and cultural minority groups. ‘Difference’ is assumed to be exclusively an attribute of the client. Method: This qualitative study explored the professional experiences of 12 occupational therapists in Ireland who self-identified as disabled or ethnic minority group members. Findings: Participants reported challenges with colleagues and managers, which revolved primarily around cultural differences in the norms and expectations guiding social interactions, communications and practice styles. Overt discrimination was reported only by disabled therapists. With clients, again there were clashes of cultural values, but participants also experienced overt and covert prejudice and intolerance. This was particularly difficult to respond to in the context of client-centred practice. Conclusion: Cultural competence, as the prevailing approach to diversity, emphasises suspending one's own values to facilitate those of clients. This demand may be inappropriate for minority therapists who may face prejudice and discrimination. In contrast, cultural humility and critical reflexivity emphasise negotiating values in the context of social power relations, an approach that may better position occupational therapy to benefit from a diverse workforce.
In a Porcine Model of Mixed Acidemia HES 130/0.4 May Support More Stable Hemodynamics during CVVH when Compared to Gelatine
Authors: Keckel Tobias , Russ Martin , Bedarf Janis R. , Ott Sascha , Hiebl Bernhard , Haacke Nadine , Wagner Johanna J. , Unger Juliane K. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and mixed acidemia often occur simultaneously in critically ill patients. In a previous study in non-acidemic pigs we found that colloids and CVVH interact specifically with respect to hemodynamic stability, with favorable effects for 6% HES 130/0.4 versus 4% gelatine (GEL) infusion. In a porcine model, we investigated whether these colloid-type associated differences are still dominant under acidemic conditions. Methods We utilized 5 groups, a non-acidemic reference group receiving HES130 and CVVH; two acidemic groups receiving HES130 infusion (one with and one without CVVH); and two acidemic groups receiving GEL infusion (one with and one without CVVH). Mixed acidemia (pH ∼7.20) was established by low tidal volume ventilation and acid infusion. Stable acidemia/CVVH application was maintained for 3 hours. Hemodynamics and blood gases were recorded. Results Mixed acidemia led to a significant decrease in MAP and increase in MPAP in all groups. CVVH led to a further decrease in MAP but improved MPAP. During CVVH, HES130 ensured significantly higher MAP, Hb, and DO2 values than GEL infusion. In the groups without CVVH these differences between HES 130/0.4 and GEL were not observed. Conclusions As in a previous study in non-acidemic pigs, we found a colloid-specific influence of HES130 versus GEL on hemodynamics during CVVH under acidemia. Again, HES130 infusion may lead to favorable effects. In contrast, acidemia without CVVH application was dominant over the impact of a respective colloid. The application of a CVVH seems to be an important trigger for the overall circulatory response to a particular colloid.
Structure and mechanical properties of low‐density polyethylene/spherical silica nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing: The joint action of silica's size, functionality, and compatibilizer
Authors: Jeziórska Regina , Świerz‐Motysia Barbara , Zielecka Maria , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Studziński Maciej 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLow‐density polyethylene/spherical silica (LDPE/SGS) nanocomposites, containing 1, 2, and 6 wt % neat and modified (having amine functional groups) silica nanoparticles, were prepared by melt mixing using a twin‐screw corotating extruder. To improve the dispersion degree of the nanoparticles, glicydyl methacrylate grafted ethylene/n‐octene copolymer (EOR‐g‐GMA) containing 0.6 wt % GMA was used as a compatibilizer. It was observed that mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, and impact strength increase and are mainly affected by the loading and size of silica nanoparticles as well as by the EOR‐g‐GMA. The addition of modified silica and EOR‐g‐GMA resulted in a further enhancement of mechanical properties due to the improved interfacial adhesion. Storage and loss modulus values of prepared nanocomposites measured by dynamic‐mechanical thermal analysis were sensitive to the microstructure of the nanocomposites. Higher storage and loss modulus are evidence that the nanocomposites became stiffer. By adding the modified silica and EOR‐g‐GMA further increase in storage and loss modulus were observed due to the better dispersion of silica nanoparticles and increased compatibility between silica and the LDPE matrix. Both permitted a much more efficient transfer of stress from the polymer matrix to the silica nanoparticles. The improved barrier properties of all nanocomposites can also be mentioned as a positive effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Identifying mangrove areas for fisheries enhancement; population assessment in a patchy habitat
Authors: Lebata Ma. Junemie Hazel , Walton Mark E. , Biñas Joseph B. , Primavera Jurgenne H. , Vay Lewis Le 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Small‐scale fisheries are an important element of the ecosystem goods and services that mangrove habitats provide, especially to poorer coastal communities that rely most on natural resources, and have similar values to payments for ecosystem services (PES) under carbon‐trading schemes.
In advance of fishery‐enhancement trials for the mud crab Scylla olivacea, a mark–recapture study was conducted to estimate population size and turnover in 50 ha of isolated mangrove on Panay Island, Philippines. A total of 811 crabs were released in six sessions with an overall recapture rate of 41.5 ± 3.6%. Population size ranged from 607–1637 individuals.
There was a high degree of site‐fidelity, with 45.5% of recaptures in the same sampling areas as releases. Total mortality was 0.79 month‐1, with fishing mortality accounting for 95% of overall mortality.
Von Bertalanffy and Gompertz growth models yielded estimates for L∞ (carapace width) of 117.3 ± 14.7 and 110.6 ± 2.1 mm and for k of 2.16 ± 0.74 and 3.25 ± 0.81, respectively. Crab densities of 12–33 individuals ha‐1 in the study area were lower than in other mangrove systems owing to intermittent recruitment, while growth rates indicated no limitation in terms of food supply.
The study demonstrates that in specific mangrove habitats that are below carrying capacity, there is potential for fisheries enhancement to sustain or increase direct economic benefits from mangrove ecosystems and hence promote community engagement in broader conservation and PES initiatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Feeling” others' painful actions: The sensorimotor integration of pain and action information
Authors: Morrison India , Tipper Steve P. , Fenton‐Adams Wendy L. , Bach Patric 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSensorimotor regions of the brain have been implicated in simulation processes such as action understanding and empathy, but their functional role in these processes remains unspecified. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate that postcentral sensorimotor cortex integrates action and object information to derive the sensory outcomes of observed hand–object interactions. When subjects viewed others' hands grasping or withdrawing from objects that were either painful or nonpainful, distinct sensorimotor subregions emerged as showing preferential responses to different aspects of the stimuli: object information (noxious vs. innocuous), action information (grasps vs. withdrawals), and painful action outcomes (painful grasps vs. all other conditions). Activation in the latter region correlated with subjects' ratings of how painful each object would be to touch and their previous experience with the object. Viewing others' painful grasps also biased behavioral responses to actual tactile stimulation, a novel effect not seen for auditory control stimuli. Somatosensory cortices, including primary somatosensory areas 1/3b and 2 and parietal area PF, may therefore subserve somatomotor simulation processes by integrating action and object information to anticipate the sensory consequences of observed hand–object interactions. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of preoxidizing treatments on the preparation of iron‐containing activated carbons for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol
Authors: Martínez Fernando , Pariente M. Isabel , Botas Juan Ángel , Melero Juan Antonio , Rubalcaba Alicia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Iron species were heterogeneously supported over activated carbons (AC) after different oxidizing pre‐treatments. The influence of the oxidizing method on the iron yield and the physicochemical properties of the iron‐containing activated carbons (Fe/AC) were studied. Thereafter, the activity and stability of Fe/AC catalysts for the wet peroxide oxidation of phenol as model pollutant was evaluated.RESULTS: The pre‐oxidizing treatment with HNO3 was the most appropriate for iron incorporation, providing a Fe/AC catalyst with the highest TOC removal and oxidant efficiency. A high stability of the catalysts was observed with low values of iron leaching (below 1.5% of their initial iron contents). The best Fe/AC catalyst was studied at different reaction temperatures and initial phenol concentrations.CONCLUSION: The promising results for the Fe/AC catalyst using HNO3 pre‐oxidizing treatment lay in the remarkable adsorption capacity of the carbon matrix and the potential activity of the iron species as Fenton‐like catalyst for the generation of oxidizing hydroxyl radicals. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives to hydrocarbon fuels via decarboxylation/decarbonylation
Authors: Santillan‐Jimenez Eduardo , Crocker Mark 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFatty acids and their derivatives can be converted to renewable and carbon‐neutral fuel‐like hydrocarbons that are entirely fungible with fossil fuels. Typically, these hydrocarbon‐based biofuels are obtained through hydrotreating, a method which has the significant disadvantages of requiring problematic sulfided catalysts and high pressures of hydrogen. In recent years, decarboxylation/decarbonylation has been proposed as an alternative method, as this approach has the advantages of permitting the use of simpler catalysts and requiring less hydrogen than hydrotreating. In this contribution, the deoxygenation of fatty acids and their derivatives to fuel‐like hydrocarbons via decarboxylation/decarbonylation is critically reviewed. The main aspects discussed include the influence of the feed, catalyst, reactor system and reaction conditions on the decarboxylation/decarbonylation reaction, as well as the reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation/regeneration. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Amazon Fan biomarker evidence against the Pleistocene rainforest refuge hypothesis?
Authors: Maslin Mark A. , Ettwein Virginia J. , Boot Christopher S. , Bendle James , Pancost Richard D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOcean Drilling Program Leg 155 Site 942 on the Amazon Fan is an ideal location for monitoring palaeoclimatic changes within a significant proportion of the Amazon Basin. We present n‐alkane δ13C and taraxerol and laevoglucosan concentration records from this site covering the last 38 ka. The entire n‐alkane δ13C record is constrained between −31‰ and −34‰, which is well within the isotopic range occupied by C3 vegetation. The concentration and relative abundance of taraxerol, a mangrove indicator, varies by over an order of magnitude, but seems to have had no effect on the n‐alkane δ13C record. The laevoglucosan concentrations are extremely low during the last glacial period, suggesting a relatively low occurrence of forest fires. Laevoglucosan concentrations are highest between 13.5 and 12.5 ka, suggesting an increased incidence of Amazon forest fires at the very end of the Younger Dryas. These records, combined with previously published pollen records from Site 932, reveal no evidence for massive incursions of grasslands into Amazonia during the last glacial period, despite evidence of reduced outflow of the Amazon River indicating more arid conditions. We therefore suggest that savannah encroachment, as proposed by the Pleistocene refuge hypothesis, can be refuted as an explanation for high species endemism within the Amazon Basin, and alternative explanations are required. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel salvage approach for pedicle axial flap—free‐ization of pedicle internal mammary artery perforator flap
Authors: Chen Wei‐Fan , Tsao Chung‐Kan , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA pedicle flap with distal segment compromise is classically managed by allowing tissue demarcation, debridement of non‐viable tissue, and local tissue manipulation to achieve wound closure. When aggressive debridement leaves insufficient tissue for defect coverage, the original flap is often discarded. We present a case of distal necrosis of a pedicle internal mammary artery perforator flap for cheek reconstruction. The flap, which was rendered too small after debridement for defect coverage in its pedicle form, was converted to a free flap. The technical details of such conversion and potential feasibility of applying this conversion to other compromised pedicle flaps are discussed. We hypothesized that the principle of “free‐ization” can be applied effectively for salvage of other failing pedicle flaps with axial blood supply. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Liquid crystalline properties of cholesteric elastomers based on a mesogenic monomer containing menthyl groups
Authors: Hu Jian‐She , Zhang Xia , Li Dan , Meng Qing‐Bao 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new chiral mesogenic monomer (MLC) based on menthyl groups and the corresponding cholesteric elastomers (LCE1–LCE3) were prepared. Their chemical structures and purity were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analyses. The liquid crystalline properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The selective reflection of light for MLC was characterized with ultraviolet/visible/near infrared. The effect of the content of crosslinking units on the liquid crystalline behaviour of LCE1–LCE3 is discussed. The experimental results show that the chiral monomer and the corresponding elastomers containing menthyl groups can show mesomorphism when a flexible linkage chain is inserted between the mesogenic core and the bulky terminal menthyl fragments to reduce the steric effect. MLC exhibited a chiral smectic C phase, a cholesteric phase and a cubic blue phase. LCE1–LCE3 with a low content of crosslinking units showed a cholesteric phase because of the introduction of the nematic crosslinking unit. With increasing content of crosslinking units, the corresponding glass transition temperature increased, while the clearing temperature decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that LCE1–LCE3 have good thermal stability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of different ventilation strategies on lung injury in newborn rabbits
Authors: Hua Shaodong , Zhang Xiaoying , Zhang Sheng , Xu Jing , Feng Zhichun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe results from experimental and clinical studies have shown that mechanical ventilation (MV) and/or hyperoxia may aggravate a pre‐existing lung injury, or even cause lung injury in healthy lungs, despite the fact that it might be the only life‐saving intervention available to a patient. The present study was designed to investigate the roles of MV and hyperoxia in the pathogenesis of lung injury.MethodsNewborn New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to an unventilated air control group or to one of the 2 × 3 × 3 ventilation strategies using a factorial design. The experimental groups were assigned different fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2), peak inspiratory pressures (PIP), and respiratory times (RT). The lung wet‐to‐dry ratio (W/D), lung histopathology scores, and cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed for each group. The apoptosis levels were studied by immunohistochemistry and a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay.ResultsDifferent ventilation regimes induced alterations in microvascular permeability, differential histopathological grading, WBC and/or neutrophil and/or lymphocyte influx, and apoptosis levels; moreover, there were significant correlations and interaction effects between these indices.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that different ventilation regimes can induce lung injury and that the interaction effects of the FiO2, the PIP and the RT may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of lung injury. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1103–1112. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spirometry and forced oscillations in the detection of airway hyperreactivity in asthmatic children
Authors: Peták Ferenc , Czövek Dorottya , Novák Zoltán 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundProvocation tests are routinely used to detect airway hyperreactivity (AH) in the diagnosis of asthma. We compared the sensitivities of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) and spirometry in the detection of AH in asthmatic children.MethodsFOT and spirometry were performed in 20 asthmatic children (aged 5–18 years) following aerosolized histamine and methacholine at an interval of 2 weeks. The respiratory system input impedance was measured by FOT; the resistance at 6 Hz (R6), the average resistance between 4 and 24 Hz, the area under the reactance curve (AX) and the resonant frequency were extracted from these recordings. Spirometry was used to obtain forced expiratory volumes and flow parameters.ResultsFollowing provocation with the two agonists, the FOT detected the airway response as early as spirometry. When the greater variability of the impedance parameters was taken into account, the two methods were observed to have similar sensitivities. Among the lung function parameters studied, AX and R6 were the most sensitive for the demonstration of AH.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that FOT is as suitable as spirometry for the measurement of bronchoconstriction and thus it may be considered for the detection of AH in asthmatic children. Since its application requires minimal cooperation, this approach imposes less stress and may be particularly favorable in the diagnosis of asthma at a young age. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:956–965. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moving beyond green: Sustainable development toward healthy environments, social justice, and strong economies
Authors: Edwards Keith E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSustainability initiatives in higher education in general and student affairs specifically must recognize the impact of our present decisions on environmental health, social justice, and economic strength. Efforts must push beyond “green” ideas to identify solutions that move toward a future that is environmentally capable, more just and equitable, and economically viable for all.
The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Investigation for the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
Authors: Scherrer P. H. , Schou J. , Bush R. I. , Kosovichev A. G. , Bogart R. S. , Hoeksema J. T. , Liu Y. , Duvall T. L. , Zhao J. , Title A. M. , Schrijver C. J. , Tarbell T. D. , Tomczyk S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument and investigation as a part of the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is designed to study convection-zone dynamics and the solar dynamo, the origin and evolution of sunspots, active regions, and complexes of activity, the sources and drivers of solar magnetic activity and disturbances, links between the internal processes and dynamics of the corona and heliosphere, and precursors of solar disturbances for space-weather forecasts. A brief overview of the instrument, investigation objectives, and standard data products is presented.