bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Spectrum and Epidemiology of Human Parechovirus Infections in Infants: A Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Sweden
Authors: Rembeck Karolina , Elfving Kristina , Patzi Churqui Marianela , Saguti Fredy , Studahl Marie , Norder Heléne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Human parechovirus (HPeV) infections can cause sepsis and meningoencephalitis in infants. To improve our knowledge of the consequences of HPeV infections in young children, the incidence, clinical spectrum, and short-term outcome among infants infected with HPeV were investigated retrospectively.

Methods
The presence of HPeV RNA was investigated by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid from 327 children aged 0 to 12 months sampled between 2014 and 2017. Eighty-one were infected with HPeV and included in the study. These infants were divided into 3 groups based on clinical assessment: HPeV was the presumed cause of disease (n = 35); HPeV could have contributed to or been considered the cause of disease (n = 24); and HPeV was not considered the cause of disease (n = 22).

Results
Infection with HPeV type 3 was common in all groups (n = 54), and most children were younger than 3 months (n = 63). The children in the first group (HPeV as presumed cause) had meningoencephalitis (n = 20), viral sepsis (n = 9), or non-severe viral infection (n = 6). The youngest were more prone to develop meningoencephalitis, while the slightly older children had symptoms of viral sepsis or nonsevere viral infection (P &lt; .05). Eleven had symptom onset within 2 days after birth. Two infants diagnosed with sudden infant death syndrome were HPeV infected when tested postmortem.

Conclusions
HPeV infections were identified in 25% of children with suspected central nervous system infection. The clinical presentation of those infected with HPeV varied with age. HPeV infections may be associated with sudden infant death syndrome, although this is not well studied. The results suggest that HPeV infections may be underdiagnosed in young infants.
Redistribution of nitrogen to feed the people on a safer planet
Authors: Kahiluoto Helena , Sakieh Yousef , Kaseva Janne , Kersebaum Kurt-Christian , Minoli Sara , Franke James , Rötter Reimund P , Müller Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Lack of nitrogen limits food production in poor countries while excessive nitrogen use in industrial countries has led to transgression of the planetary boundary. However, the potential of spatial redistribution of nitrogen input for food security when returning to the safe boundary has not been quantified in a robust manner. Using an emulator of a global gridded crop model ensemble, we found that redistribution of current nitrogen input to major cereals among countries can double production in the most food-insecure countries, while increasing global production of these crops by 12% with no notable regional loss or reducing the nitrogen input to the current production by one-third. Redistribution of the input within the boundary increased production by 6–8% compared to the current relative distribution, increasing production in the food-insecure countries by two-thirds. Our findings provide georeferenced guidelines for redistributing nitrogen use to enhance food security while safeguarding the planet.
Politics Rules Everything Around Me? A Review of Pandemic Politics
Authors: Stecuła Dominik A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although COVID-19 is still very much around, we have reached the stage of the pandemic where we begin to look back and analyze our response to this crisis. It is, however, a monumental task to piece information together from thousands upon thousands of published articles about the pandemic from different academic disciplines. Gadarian, Goodman, and Pepinsky's book, Pandemic Politics, is an authoritative guide that walks us through the American pandemic response, using state-of-the-art multiwave panel data. The argument of the book tells a compelling, coherent, and, ultimately, depressing story about how America's four “preexisting conditions”—political polarization, Donald Trump, a troubled health care system, and systemic inequalities—set the stage for a perfect storm in which the politics dominated public health, culminating in a disastrous pandemic response. In this review article, I situate the book's argument in a broader literature on politicization of science, the importance of populism and anti-intellectualism, misinformation, and trust, filling in some of the considerations the authors omitted from their analyses.
Search Complementarities, Aggregate Fluctuations, and Fiscal Policy
Authors: Fernández-Villaverde Jesús , Mandelman Federico , Yu Yang , Zanetti Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We document five novel facts about the role of search effort in forming trading relationships among firms by combining a variety of micro and macro datasets. These facts strongly suggest the presence of search complementarities. To study the implications of these facts for aggregate fluctuations, we build a dynamic general equilibrium model, disciplined by our new firm-level evidence on search effort. The model matches key aspects of the macro and micro data that have remained unaccounted for by standard models, including the time-varying bimodal distribution of output and the strong, nonlinear propagation of shocks. Also, changes to the volatility of shocks have nonlinear effects on macroeconomic fluctuations that advance a novel interpretation of the Great Moderation. Finally, we provide a new account of the state-dependent effects of fiscal policy.
Single nucleus and spatial transcriptomic profiling of healthy human hamstring tendon
Authors: Mimpen Jolet Y. , Ramos‐Mucci Lorenzo , Paul Claudia , Kurjan Alina , Hulley Philippa A. , Ikwuanusi Chinemerem T. , Cohen Carla J. , Gwilym Stephen E. , Baldwin Mathew J. , Cribbs Adam P. , Snelling Sarah J. B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe molecular and cellular basis of health in human tendons remains poorly understood. Among human tendons, hamstring tendon has markedly low pathology and can provide a prototypic healthy tendon reference. The aim of this study was to determine the transcriptomes and location of all cell types in healthy hamstring tendon. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptomes of 10 533 nuclei from four healthy donors and identified 12 distinct cell types. We confirmed the presence of two fibroblast cell types, endothelial cells, mural cells, and immune cells, and identified cell types previously unreported in tendons, including different skeletal muscle cell types, satellite cells, adipocytes, and undefined nervous system cells. The location of these cell types within tendon was defined using spatial transcriptomics and imaging, and potential transcriptional networks and cell–cell interactions were analyzed. We demonstrate that fibroblasts have the highest number of potential cell–cell interactions in our dataset, are present throughout the tendon, and play an important role in the production and organization of extracellular matrix, thus confirming their role as key regulators of hamstring tendon homeostasis. Overall, our findings underscore the complexity of the cellular networks that underpin healthy human tendon function and the central role of fibroblasts as key regulators of hamstring tendon tissue homeostasis.
Hysterectomy Techniques and Outcomes for Benign Large Uteri
Authors: Mamik Mamta M. , Kim-Fine Shunaha , Yang Linda , Sharma Vidya , Gala Rajiv , Aschkenazi Sarit , Sheyn David , Howard David , Walter Andrew J. , Kudish Bela , Balk Ethan M. , Antosh Danielle D. 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the optimal hysterectomy approach for large uteri in gynecologic surgery for benign indications from a perioperative morbidity standpoint.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed and Embase databases were searched from inception through September 19, 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted as feasible.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
This review included studies that compared routes of hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for large uteri (12 weeks or more or 250 g or more) and excluded studies with any concurrent surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, incontinence, gynecologic malignancy, or any obstetric indication for hysterectomy.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
The review included 25 studies comprising nine randomized trials, two prospective, and 14 retrospective nonrandomized comparative studies. Studies were at high risk of bias. There was lower operative time for total vaginal hysterectomy compared with laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) (mean difference 39 minutes, 95% CI, 18–60) and total vaginal hysterectomy compared with total laparoscopic hysterectomy (mean difference 50 minutes, 95% CI, 29–70). Total laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with much greater risk of ureteral injury compared with total vaginal hysterectomy (odds ratio 7.54, 95% CI, 2.52–22.58). There were no significant differences in bowel injury rates between groups. There were no differences in length of stay among the laparoscopic approaches. For LAVH compared with total vaginal hysterectomy, randomized controlled trials favored total vaginal hysterectomy for length of stay. When rates of blood transfusion were compared between these abdominal hysterectomy and robotic-assisted total hysterectomy routes, abdominal hysterectomy was associated with a sixfold greater risk of transfusion than robotic-assisted total hysterectomy (6.31, 95% CI, 1.07–37.32). Similarly, single studies comparing robotic-assisted total hysterectomy with LAVH, total laparoscopic hysterectomy, or total vaginal hysterectomy all favored robotic-assisted total hysterectomy for reduced blood loss.

CONCLUSION:
Minimally invasive routes are safe and effective and have few complications. Minimally invasive approach (vaginal, laparoscopic, or robotic) results in lower blood loss and shorter length of stay, whereas the abdominal route has a shorter operative time.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42021233300.
A Prospective Self-controlled Clinical Trial of Nonactivated Low Leukocyte PRP in Female Pattern Hair Loss Patients of Childbearing Age
Authors: Peng Xie-Ling , Li Shao-Wen , Zhou Xue-Qing , Zhu Ke-Xin , Ni Xiang-Rong , Qi Xiang-Dong 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Alopecia significantly affects the mental health and social relationship of women since childbearing age, highlighting the need for a safe, effective, and convenient treatment.

METHODS
The authors have conducted a prospective self-controlled trial involving 15 female patients at childbearing age with alopecia. These patients received a subcutaneous scalp injection of platelet-rich plasma once every 4 weeks for 3 treatments in total. Outcome measurements were included below: changes in hair density (hair/cm2), hair follicle density (hair follicle/cm2), and overall photographic assessment (improved or not) at 4, 12, and 24 weeks right after the first treatment.

RESULTS
Comparing the photographs taken before and after the intervention, 67% of patients' hair density increased from 151 ± 39.82 hairs/cm2 (preintervention) to 170.96 ± 37.14 hairs/cm2 (at 24-week follow-up), representing an approximate increase of 19 hairs/cm2. Meanwhile, hair follicle density increased by approximately 15 follicles/cm2 after 24 weeks since the first treatment, rising from 151.04 ± 41.99 follicles/cm2 to 166.72 ± 37.13 follicles/cm2. The primary adverse reactions observed were local swelling and pain due to injections.

CONCLUSION
Local injection of nonactivated platelet-rich plasma with low leukocytes concentration could be an effective strategy to alleviate alopecia symptoms in female patients.
Traffic-related air pollution, road traffic noise, and Parkinson’s disease: Evaluations in two Dutch cohort studies
Authors: Lomme Jara , Reedijk Marije , Peters Susan , Downward George S. , Stefanopoulou Magdalini , Vermeulen Roel , Huss Anke 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Environmental factors such as air pollution have been associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but findings have been inconsistent. We investigated the association between exposure to several air pollutants, road traffic noise, and PD risk in two Dutch cohorts.

Methods:
Data from 50,087 participants from two Dutch population-based cohort studies, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in the Netherlands and Arbeid, Milieu en Gezondheid Onderzoek were analyzed. In these cohorts, 235 PD cases were ascertained based on a previously validated algorithm combining self-reported information (diagnosis, medication, and symptoms) and registry data. We assigned the following traffic-related exposures to residential addresses at baseline: NO2, NOx, particulate matter (PM)2.5absorbance (as a marker for black carbon exposure), PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), ≤10 µm (PM10), PMcoarse (size fraction 2.5–10 µm), ultrafine particles <0.1 µm (UFP), and road traffic noise (Lden). Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the associations with PD, adjusted for possible confounders.

Results:
Both single- and two-pollutant models indicated associations between exposure to NOx, road traffic noise, and increasing odds of developing PD. Odds ratios of fully adjusted two-pollutant models in the highest compared with the lowest exposure quartile were 1.62 (95% CI = 1.02, 2.62) for NOx and 1.47 (95% CI = 0.97, 2.25) for road traffic noise, with clear trends across exposure categories.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that NOx and road traffic noise are associated with an increased risk of PD. While the association with NOx has been shown before, further investigation into the possible role of environmental noise on PD is warranted.
High-density lipoprotein metrics during midlife and future subclinical atherosclerosis in women: the SWAN HDL study
Authors: Nasr Alexis , Brooks Maria M. , Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Orchard Trevor , Billheimer Jeffrey , Wang Norman C. , McConnell Daniel , Rader Daniel J. , El Khoudary Samar R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The clinical utility of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in risk classification is limited, especially in midlife women. Novel metrics of HDL may better reflect this risk. We clustered a comprehensive profile of HDL metrics into favorable and unfavorable clusters and assessed how these two clusters are related to future subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima media thickness [cIMT], interadventitial diameter [IAD], and carotid plaque presence) in midlife women.

Methods
Four hundred sixty-one women (baseline age: 50.4 [2.7] years; 272 White, 137 Black, 52 Chinese) from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation HDL ancillary study who had baseline measures of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC), lipid contents (HDL-phospholipids [HDL-PL] and HDL triglycerides [HDL-Tg]), and HDL particle (HDL-P) distribution and size, followed by carotid ultrasound (average 12.9 [SD: 2.6] years later), were included. Using latent cluster analysis, women were clustered into a favorable (high HDL-CEC, HDL-PL, large and medium HDL-P, less HDL-Tg and small HDL-P, larger size) or an unfavorable HDL cluster (low HDL-CEC, HDL-PL, large and medium HDL-P, more HDL-Tg, and small HDL-P, smaller size) and then linked to future subclinical atherosclerosis using linear or logistic regression.

Results
The favorable HDL cluster was associated with lower cIMT, IAD, and odds of carotid plaque presence. These associations were attenuated by body mass index, except in Chinese women where the association with cIMT persisted (0.72 [0.63, 0.83]).

Conclusions
The association between favorable HDL clusters and a better postmenopausal subclinical atherosclerosis profile is largely explained by body mass index; however, racial/ethnic differences may exist.
Physical activity to reduce the burden of frailty after menopause: effectiveness and adherence rate of a resource saving exercise plan
Authors: García-Vigara Alicia , Fernandez-Garrido Julio , Carbonell-Asíns Juan-Antonio , Sánchez-Sánchez M. Luz , Monllor-Tormos Aitana , García-Pérez Miguel-Ángel , Tarín Juan J. , Cano Antonio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Frailty may be increased by menopause. Physical activity has been proposed to reduce frailty, but poor adherence and cost limit effectiveness. We aimed to investigate both the effectiveness against the frailty burden and the adherence rate of a multicomponent physical activity scheme partially managed by the participating women themselves.

Methods
Prospective controlled study consisting of a twice-weekly group physical activity scheme divided into two consecutive periods, one supervised by a health professional (12 wk) and the other supervised by the women themselves (36 wk). Group cohesion and mutual support during the patient-only period were aided by social networking via smartphones. Community-dwelling postmenopausal women were divided into a physical activity group (PAG = 126) and a usual activity control group (UAG = 126), both assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. Participants self-assigned to one of the two study arms.

Results
Overall, women in the PAG were more likely to improve their frailty status (60.2% vs 42.6%, P < 0.05). The frailty reversal rate from prefrail to robust was significantly higher in the PAG than in the UAG (34.04 vs 8.00%, P < 0.05). Logistic regression confirmed that women in the PAG were more likely to improve their frailty phenotype (odds ratio [OR], 9.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.45-31.52; P < 0.001). Adherence, defined by participants attending 75% of sessions, was attained by 56.35% of women at 48 wk.

Conclusion
A physical activity scheme implemented to improve frailty proved effective and attained acceptable adherence. Conditions in the peer-supervised 36-wk phase may increase sustainability.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and competitive sports: let ‘em play?
Authors: Masilamani Mats Steffi Jennifer , Cannon Bryan 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common cardiovascular genetic conditions. Although most patients with HCM typically do well clinically, there is a small but real incidence of sudden cardiac death. A diagnosis of HCM was previously a reason for complete exclusion in sports, particularly competitive sports.
However, many of these recommendations are based on expert consensus, and much data has been published in the last decade furthering the scientific knowledge in this area, and allowing athletes who may have been previously excluded the potential to participate in strenuous activities and competitive sports.

Recent findings
With recent publications on participation in sports with HCM, as well as an emphasis on shared decision-making, more athletes with HCM are participating in competitive sports, even at a professional level. Even contact sports in the presence of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator are no longer mutually exclusive in the current era.

Summary
Previous guidelines were likely overly restrictive for patients with HCM. Although there is a risk of sudden death that cannot be ignored, the potential for shared decision making as well as medical guidance are entering a new era in all aspects of medicine, particularly in sports participation.
Prediction of the small aperture intraocular lens on visual acuity in patients with keratoconus
Authors: van den Berg Roberta M. , van den Berg Arthur B. , Maia Rocha Karolinne , Fetrin de Barros Marcela , Dodhia Maya , Shahid Michel , Klyce Stephen D. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the impact of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) on predicted corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) in patients with keratoconus at varying simulated pupil apertures.

Setting:
Ophthalmology Clinics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Design:
Retrospective chart review study.

Methods:
56 eyes with keratoconus were examined using Scheimpflug tomography during routine examinations before medical intervention. The severity of keratoconus was graded using the Amsler-Krumeich classification. Zernike analysis was used to obtain corneal aberrations using simulated pupil diameters of 6 mm, 4 mm, and 2 mm. These data were extrapolated to obtain the total root mean square HOAs for a 1.6 mm simulated pupil to evaluate the potential effect of a small aperture intraocular lens (IOL). Correlation analysis was used to study the impact and relative contributions of HOAs on CDVA. Convolution of HOAs from OPD-Scan III provided a clinical method to predict CDVA with different simulated pupil sizes in corneas with irregular astigmatism.

Results:
There were statistically significant positive correlations between photopic CDVA and the magnitude of total and individual (coma, spherical aberration, and trefoil) HOAs in this cohort of keratoconus participants. A keratoconus case with the small aperture IOL confirms the improvement in vision due to the pinhole effect.

Conclusions:
The small aperture IOL is expected to markedly reduce aberrations in patients with keratoconus up to Amsler-Krumeich class 4 severity to levels consistent with the levels seen in healthy patients. Convolution of corneal HOAs with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart provides a useful simulation of the impact of pinhole optics in aberrated eyes.
Data-driven identification of distinct pain drawing patterns and their association with clinical and psychological factors: a study of 21,123 patients with spinal pain
Authors: Chang Natalie Hong Siu , Nim Casper , Harsted Steen , Young James J. , O'Neill Søren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The variability in pain drawing styles and analysis methods has raised concerns about the reliability of pain drawings as a screening tool for nonpain symptoms. In this study, a data-driven approach to pain drawing analysis has been used to enhance the reliability. The aim was to identify distinct clusters of pain patterns by using latent class analysis (LCA) on 46 predefined anatomical areas of a freehand digital pain drawing. Clusters were described in the clinical domains of activity limitation, pain intensity, and psychological factors. A total of 21,123 individuals were included from 2 subgroups by primary pain complaint (low back pain (LBP) [n = 15,465]) or midback/neck pain (MBPNP) [n = 5658]). Five clusters were identified for the LBP subgroup: LBP and radiating pain (19.9%), radiating pain (25.8%), local LBP (24.8%), LBP and whole leg pain (18.7%), and widespread pain (10.8%). Four clusters were identified for the MBPNP subgroup: MBPNP bilateral posterior (19.9%), MBPNP unilateral posterior + anterior (23.6%), MBPNP unilateral posterior (45.4%), and widespread pain (11.1%). The clusters derived by LCA corresponded to common, specific, and recognizable clinical presentations. Statistically significant differences were found between these clusters in every self-reported health domain. Similarly, for both LBP and MBPNP, pain drawings involving more extensive pain areas were associated with higher activity limitation, more intense pain, and more psychological distress. This study presents a versatile data-driven approach for analyzing pain drawings to assist in managing spinal pain.