bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular assembly of hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for drug delivery by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors:   , Lerttanakij Pisit 
Published: June 2024

Nanoparticles (NPs) offer a promising approach in modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases. They serve as effective carriers for various drugs including antibiotics, antivirals and anticancer agents. Hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles (HA-NPs) have been interested owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer with versatile applications. However, there have been limited numbers of studies on molecular simulations of nanoparticles, particularly HA-NPs. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to explore molecular models representing the assembly of HA-NPs. Two types of HA-NPs, acetylated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (AcHA-NPs) and hyaluronic acid-ceramide nanoparticles (HACe-NPs), were assessed for their stability and drug adsorption ability by varying the size and number of HA chains to form the nanoparticle under different conditions. The findings of the study revealed that the AcHA-NP model adopted a random or amorphous structure, whereas the HACe-NP exhibited a well-organized micelles-like structure. Both types of HA-NPs demonstrated potential drug carriers, as doxorubicin molecules were able to bind. It is important to note that AcHA-NP lacked of specific binding site due to its random structure whereas the drug clustered around the hydrophobic core of the HACe-NP.
Health risk and ecological risk assessment from microplastic contamination in sea salt : case study in Ban Laem salt field, Phetchaburi, Thailand
Authors:   , Promdontree Kusuman 
Published: June 2024

Microplastics are ubiquitous in all terrestrial and aquatic environments. In this research, microplastic contamination in sea salt produced from traditional and plastic salt fields was studied. Including seawater used as a raw material for producing sea salt in Ban Leam salt fields, Phetchaburi, Thailand. Random samples were collected 3 replicates per point, for a total of 42 samples. 5M NaCl solution was used to separate the density and digest the organic substances using 0.05 M Fe (II) and 30% H2O2. The shape and color of the microplastics were characterized using a 30x magnification microscope. The amount, size, and polymer type of microplastics were examined using the micro-Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (µFTIR) The results of the study found microplastic contamination in sea salt produced from traditional salt fields as follows: Salt grains 424 (186-642) particles/kg, Salt flower 415 particles/kg, and sea salt produced from plastic salt field has the following amounts of microplastic contamination: salt grains 273 (145-533) particles/kg, Salt flower 540 particles/kg and seawater 166 (18-456) particles/L. The common microplastic shapes were fragments and fibers. The most common colors were blue and transparent. The size of microplastics found ranges from 16-100 µm, followed by 101-500 µm. Types of microplastic polymers found include polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE). The results of the study also indicate the age group that may be most exposed to microplastics from sea salt consumption was between the ages of 16 -18 years in males, which has an average exposure microplastics of 905.20 particles/person/year. The risk of hazardous substances from microplastics contaminated in sea salt was found at risk level 2. The ecological risk assessment found that the Pollution load index of microplastic concentration in seawater raw material was level I, low toxic (PLI = 2.15), and the potential ecological risk of microplastics concentration in seawater raw material was at the minor level (PER = 14.99). This study points to the level of microplastic contamination that may affect consumers of sea salt. Manufacturers and policymakers can use this information to find ways to reduce microplastic contamination in sea salt.
Pinjaman Online : Sebuah Respon Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Adi Asriadi Arifin , Irwandi Irwandi 
Published: June 2024

Trend gaya hidup digital ini ternyata merambah pada persoalan perekonomian. Kebutuhan perekonomian masyarakat dari yang konvensional telah bergeser dengan memanfaatkan tekhnologi keuangan, khususnya bagi masyarakat generasi Z. Saat ini, kebutuhan peminjaman dana telah banyak dilakukan melalui platform fintech yang telah tersebar luas dalam masyarakat. Akhirnya berbagai perusahaan yang menyediakan layanan jasa keuangan pinjaman online ini pun turut merebak belakangan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah perspektif hukum Islam dani hukum positif terhadap pinjaman online secara ilegal serta perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna Pinjaman Online (Pinjol) ilegal. Metodei yang digunakani adalah metode kepustakaan dengan pendekatan normatif yang mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang menelaah peraturan serta regulasi yang terkait dengan isu hukumi yang ditangani. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Pinjaman online secara ilegal dalam perspektif hukum Islam adalah tidak sah. Sedangkan secara hukum positif dalam hukum perdata, bahwa pinjaman online secara ilegal merupakan suatu transaksi yang tidak memenuhi syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian. Dalam kebijakan hukum pidana sampai saat ini belum ada ketentuan secara hukum pidana dimana melibatkan layanan pinjol yang ilegal. Sebagai bentuk perlindungan kepda konsumen, perldu edukasi dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, dengan tujuan semakin banyak masyarakat yang paham tentang layanan keuangan saat ini.
Utilization of Functional Drinks Based on Mango (Mangifera indica L) Leaves and Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan L) as Antidiabetic
Authors: Mutiara Ravika , Astuti Suhartin Dewi , Palad Marliana S. 
Published: June 2024

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolik menahun akibat pankreas tidak meproduksi cukup insulin atau tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan insulin yang diproduksi secara efektif. Daun Mangga Madu (Mangifera indica L.) dan kayu secang ( Caesalpinia sappan L) adalah tanaman herbal lokal yang pemanfaatannya belum opimal. Salah satu usaha yang dilakukan adalah mengkombinasian serbuknya menjadi minuman fungsional antidiabetes. Kombinasi serbuk daun mangga madu dan kayu secang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan fungsi optimalnya sebagai minuman fungsional bagi penderita diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai aktivitas antidiabetes,antioksidan dan kadar total fenol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 faktor dan lima perlakuan. Hasil analisa fitokimia mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak etanol Daun Mangga Madu dan kayu secang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder Alkaloid, Tanin, Steroid terpenoid dan Flavanoid. Hasil penelitian meununjukkan bahwa kelima formulasi minuman fungsional mengandung Aktivitas antidiabetes tertinggi sebesar 92,71%, Aktivitas daya hambat antioksidan tertinggi sebesar 90,241 %. Dan kadar fenol total tetinggi sebesar 1.042%.
Induksi Umbi Mikro pada Tanaman Kentang dengan Penambahan ZPT dan Retardan pada Media Pertumbuhan secara in Vitro
Authors: Apriliani Elisa , Chairunnisa Putri 
Published: June 2024

Penggunaan umbi mikro pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L) memiliki beberapa keunggulan, diantaranya dapat memproduksi umbi yang sehat, seragam, dan karakter pertumbuhan sama seperti induknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi media pertumbuhan dalam meningkatkan pembentukan umbi kentang secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor berupa kombinasi ZPT pada media cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlu adanya keseimbangan antara konsentrasi gula, konsentrasi hormon eksogen, dan zat retardan yang digunakan agar pembentukan umbi mikro optimum dan efektif. Terbentuknya umbi mikro kentang ini dimulai dari membengkaknya ujung stolon yang terbentuk atau tumbuh dari ketiak daun tanaman. Pengumbian kentang dapat dilakukan menggunakan media cair dengan komposisi ½ MS + BAP 5 ppm + paclo 2.5 ppm + 90 g gula; atau menggunakan media ½ MS + kinetin 5 ppm + paclo 2.5 ppm + 90 g gula yang menunjukkan pembentukan stolon dan umbi mikro yang lebih baik.
La fotografía deportiva de lo analógico a lo digital. Una reflexión semiológica
Authors: Di Buono Fabrizio , Fedele Valentina 
Published: June 2024

A través de la reflexión sobre las fotografías deportivas, este ensayo pone su atención en la relación entre el significante fotográfico, los significados que con el tiempo se le han atribuido y el objeto (inmediato y dinámico). Examina la articulación específica entre el fotógrafo, el cuerpo deportivo, la identidad retratada y las narrativas sobre el deporte. A través de las técnicas de reproducción y reapropiación, las narrativas se pluralizan en el espacio mediático digital, donde la apreciación del contenido mediático crece de manera exponencial como una forma de apropiación y alteración que impacta tanto en la dimensión material como en la inmaterial de la fotografía. Este proceso indicial conduce hacia una amplificación del valor simbólico más que del valor artístico de la imagen misma, determinando un nuevo papel de la estética en el espacio mediático. De hecho, la yuxtaposición y superposición de las diversas relaciones de significado alrededor de la fotografía deportiva, como la iconicidad, la indicialidad y lo simbólico, sugieren investigar la transformación de la fotografía deportiva desde diferentes perspectivas que permiten la emergencia de elementos y narrativas ocultas en la relación entre operator (fotógrafo) y spectrum (sujeto fotografiado) haciendo emerger el rol activo y casi protagónico del spectator en su versión de productor y consumidor (prosumer). Abordaremos este proceso a través de tres casos de estudio: las fotografías deportivas que retratan a Carlo Parola, Florence Griffith-Joyner y Diego Armando Maradona y que han sido, en el tiempo, resignificadas.Identificador permanente (ARK): http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18535925/3qas9atib
Sistema penitenciario y crisis carcelaria en el Ecuador
Authors: Estrella Saltos Ronny Michael 
Published: June 2024

El sistema penitenciario en Ecuador enfrenta una profunda crisis carcelaria, caracterizada por una serie de problemáticas que tienen severas implicaciones en el respeto a los derechos humanos y la garantía de la justicia penal para las personas. Las cárceles ecuatorianas han sido escenario de una violencia sin precedentes, marcada por masacres y enfrentamientos entre bandas. Esta situación ha sido exacerbada por la sobrepoblación y el hacinamiento, como el reflejo del uso excesivo de la detención preventiva y la falta de alternativas efectivas frente al encarcelamiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar el sistema penitenciario, y la crisis carcelaria en Ecuador, y sus consecuencias en el respeto a los derechos humanos y la aplicación de la justicia penal. Esta investigación recurrió a una modalidad paradigmática cualitativa, propia de las Ciencias Sociales, como el Derecho, con un nivel de investigación exploratorio y descriptivo.
Este estudio consta de un diseño de investigación-acción, tiene una muestra de once expertos1 y los criterios de un grupo multidisciplinario de profesionales en el área de la Psicología, Trabajo Social y Derecho. La técnica de recolección de información siguió los parámetros establecidos por la metodología focus group (grupos focales) o grupos de enfoque.
Adicionalmente, con la técnica de revisión de materiales y documentos se realizó el análisis documental de diez documentos bibliográficos. El tipo deinvestigación en el área de Derecho es jurídico-propositiva. Los métodos utilizados fueron, en el nivel teórico: el analítico-sintético, el históricológico y el inductivo-deductivo; en el nivel práctico: el análisis documental y el método de la interpretación jurídica. Como conclusión, se determinó que es necesario poner en acción una política criminal y penitenciaria integral y transversal, enfocada en la prevención y en el control de todo tipo de violencia en las cárceles, con la aplicación de diferentes medidas; como la reducción de la sobrepoblación carcelaria, mediante la aplicación de medidas alternativas a la prisión preventiva y con nuevas políticas públicas adecuadas a la realidad.

1 Entre los que se destaca a la Doctora Mercedes Navarro Cejas, por su invaluable aporte
Architecture of a three-dimensional convolutional neural network for detecting the fact of falsification of a video sequence
Authors: Alpatov Aleksey Nikolaevich , Terloev Emil' Ziyaudinovich , Matchin Vasilii Timofeevich 
Published: June 2024

The article reflects the use of neural network technologies to determine the facts of falsification of the contents of video sequences. In the modern world, new technologies have become an integral part of the multimedia environment, but their proliferation has also created a new threat – the possibility of misuse to falsify the contents of video sequences. This leads to serious problems, such as the spread of fake news and misinformation of society. The scientific article examines this problem and determines the need to use neural networks to solve it. In comparison with other existing models and approaches, neural networks have high efficiency and accuracy in detecting video data falsification due to their ability to extract complex features and learn from large amounts of source data, which is especially important when reducing the resolution of the analyzed video sequence. Within the framework of this work, a mathematical model for identifying the falsification of audio and video sequences in video recordings is presented, as well as a model based on a three-dimensional convolutional neural network to determine the fact of falsification of a video sequence by analyzing the contents of individual frames. Within the framework of this work, it was proposed to consider the problem of identifying falsifications in video recordings as a joint solution to two problems: identification of falsification of audio and video sequences, and the resulting problem itself was transformed into a classical classification problem. Any video recording can be assigned to one of the four groups described in the work. Only the videos belonging to the first group are considered authentic, and all the others are fabricated. To increase the flexibility of the model, probabilistic classifiers have been added, which allows to take into account the degree of confidence in the predictions. The peculiarity of the resulting solution is the ability to adjust the threshold values, which allows to adapt the model to different levels of rigor depending on the task. The architecture of a three-dimensional convolutional neural network, including a preprocessing layer and a neural network layer, is proposed to determine fabricated photoreceads. The resulting model has a sufficient degree of accuracy in determining falsified video sequences, taking into account a significant decrease in frame resolution. Testing of the model on a training dataset showed the proportion of correct detection of video sequence falsification above 70%, which is noticeably better than guessing. Despite the sufficient accuracy, the model can be refined to more significantly increase the proportion of correct predictions.
Biodiverse cities or green light for biological invasions?
Authors: Comte Sebastien 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Considerable effort and money are spent to promulgate greener, more biodiverse cities with a fundamental push to increase the green connectivity between remnant urban bushlands and with their surrounding natural habitats (ecological reserves and National Parks).
Yet, cities are recognised as major point of entry for biological invasions and provide abundant shelter and food resources to sustain established populations of invasive species. An increased connectivity of green spaces across the cities could therefore create new hazards for the health and safety of native species and the human residents.
In Australia, most greening strategies designed for large urban centres only consider invasive species as a secondary nuisance that can be managed a posteriori. Established pest populations are very difficult and costly to control unless the effort is invested at the early stage of invasion and lethal control of wildlife is often controversial in urban landscapes. A novel approach that has yet to be further explored consists of manipulating the habitat within the urban green spaces and corridors so as to maintain their functionality for biodiversity and their benefits for human residents while slowing the spread of invasive species. The key to success involves cross-disciplinary research between urban design, conservation and biosecurity.
Development of a new examination for the Canadian Chiropractic Examining Board
Authors: Cane David J. , Bell Stefan , Beierback Gemma , Marini Anthony , Tibbles Anthony 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Since 1963 the Canadian Chiropractic Examining Board has conducted competency examinations for individuals seeking licensure to practice chiropractic in Canada. To maintain currency with changes in practice, examination content and methodology have been regularly updated since that time. This paper describes the process used by the Canadian Chiropractic Examining Board to restructure the examination to ensure it was current and to align it with the 2018 Federation of Canadian Chiropractic’s Canadian Chiropractic Entry-to-Practice Competency Profile.

Methods
A subject-matter-expert committee developed proposed candidate outcomes (indicators) for a new examination, derived from the competency profile. A national survey of practice was undertaken to determine the importance and frequency-of-use of the profile’s enabling competencies. Survey results, together with other practice-based data and further subject-matter-expert input, were used to validate indicators and to create a new structure for the examination.

Results
The new examination is a combination of single-focus and case-based multiple-choice questions, and OSCE (objective, structured, clinical examination) methodology. Content mapping and item weighting were determined by a blueprinting committee and are provided.

Conclusion
Administration of the new examination commenced in early 2024.
Self‐Powered Nanosensors and Nanosystems
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSensor networks are a key technological and economic driver for global industries in the near future, with applications in health care, environmental monitoring, infrastructure monitoring, national security, and more. Developing technologies for self‐powered nanosensors is vitally important. This paper gives a brief summary about recent progress in the area, describing nanogenerators that are capable of providing sustainable self‐sufficient micro/nanopower sources for future sensor networks.
Experimental study on solid circulation in a multiple jet fluidized bed
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Lattimer Brian , Ekkad Srinath , Vandsburger Uri 
Published: November 2011

AbstractParticle image velocimetry was used to investigate the evolution of multiple inlet gas jets located at the distributor base of a two‐dimensional fluidized bed setup. Results were used to estimate the solid circulation rate of the fluidized bed as well as particle‐entrainment into the individual jets. The effects of fluidization velocity, orifice diameter, orifice pitch, particle diameter, and particle density were studied. It was determined from this study that the solid circulation rate linearly increased with an increase in the fluidization velocity until the multiple jet system transitioned from isolated to an interacting system. In the interacting system of jets, the solid circulation increased with fluidization velocity but at a much lower rate. For multiple jet systems, this phenomenon may indicate the presence of an optimum operating condition with high circulation rate and low air input in the bed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3003–3015, 2012
A solution of the non‐uniqueness problem of the Dirac Hamiltonian and energy operators
Authors: Arminjon M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn a general spacetime, the possible choices for the field of orthonormal tetrads lead (in standard conditions) to equivalent Dirac equations. However, the Hamiltonian operator is got from rewriting the Dirac equation in a form adapted to a particular reference frame, or class of coordinate systems. That rewriting does not commute with changing the tetrad field (uα ). The data of a reference frame F fixes a four‐velocity field v, and also fixes a rotation‐rate field Ω. It is natural to impose that u0 = v. We show that then the spatial triad (up) can only be rotating w.r.t. F, and that the title problem is solved if one imposes that the corresponding rotation rate Ξ be equal to Ω – or also, if one imposes that Ξ = 0. We also analyze other proposals which were aimed at solving the problem of the non‐uniqueness of the Dirac Hamiltonian.
Similarities and Differences between the “Relativistic” Triad Gold, Platinum, and Mercury in Catalysis
Authors: Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRelativistic effects in the valence shell of the elements reach a maximum in the triad Pt–Au–Hg and determine their catalytic activity in organic reactions. In this Review we examine the catalytic activity of Pt, Au, and Hg compounds for some representative reactions, and discuss the respective benefits and disadvantages along with other relevant properties, such as toxicity, price, and availability. For the reactions considered, gold catalysts are generally more active than mercury or platinum catalysts.
Hepatic resection for metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era
Authors: Turley Ryan S. , Peng Peter D. , Reddy Srinevas K. , Barbas Andrew S. , Geller David A. , Marsh J. Wallis , Tsung Allan , Pawlik Timothy M. , Clary Bryan M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), surgical resection was the primary treatment for hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) metastases. Although TKIs have improved survival in the metastatic setting, outcomes after multimodal therapy comprised of hepatectomy and TKIs for GIST are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether combination therapy for hepatic GIST metastases is associated with improved overall survival compared with reported outcomes from surgery or TKI therapy alone.METHODS:Demographics, clinicopathologic tumor characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients who underwent hepatic resection at 3 high‐volume centers from 1995 to 2010 were reviewed.RESULTS:In total, 39 patients underwent hepatectomy for metastatic GISTs, and 27 patients received postoperative TKI therapy. At a median follow‐up of 39.7 months, 23 patients (59%) experienced recurrence at a median of 18 months. The 1‐year, 2‐year, and 3‐year overall survival rates were 96.7%, 76.8%, and 67.9%, respectively. Median survival was not reached at 5 years. The rates of severe complication and mortality were 10.2% (4 patients) and 2.5% (1 patient), respectively. When controlling for confounders, postoperative TKI therapy was associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.01‐0.50; P = .006), and extrahepatic disease was associated with worse survival (hazard ratio, 9.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.63‐55.7; P = .012).CONCLUSIONS:Overall survival after combination therapy exceeded previous reports for the treatment of metastatic GIST with hepatic resection or TKI therapy alone and was significantly enhanced by postoperative TKI therapy. The results from this study support findings that combination therapy for GIST liver metastases comprised of surgical resection and TKI therapy is more effective than surgery or TKI therapy alone. Cancer 2012;3571–3578. © 2011 American Cancer Society.