bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation
Authors: Wigginton Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
“Orientation” hinges on the multicentury cartographies of the Upper Mississippi River Valley’s Indigenous communities. Through monumental (e.g., rock art, effigy mounds) and ephemeral (e.g., pottery, tobacco pipes) forms of craftwork, these communities oriented themselves again and again to the shifting mundane and sacred worlds around them. “Orientation” shows how Euro-American surveyor and mapmaker Jonathan Carver in turn oriented himself and his 1760s travel narrative to those nations’ cartographic craftwork, and how contemporary artists like Dylan AT Miner (registered citizen of the Métis Nation of Ontario), Allison Adele Hedge Coke (Cherokee, Huron, Creek), Tommy Orange (enrolled member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma), and Santiago X (Koasati, Hacha’Maori) activate earthworks and mound making as monumental, graphic, and digital craft to coordinate various communities to urban and global Indigenous spaces.
Translation
Authors: Wigginton Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
“Translation” attends to the microecologies of light, plant life, and land- and waterscape that underpinned Indigenous conceptions of color and place in the southeastern region of North America. The chapter bring James Adair’s The History of the American Indians (1775) alongside French manuscript travel accounts to argue that colonists documenting this connection between place and color leveraged their newfound knowledge to displace Native nations in the Southeast. Then, turning to Choctaw and Chickasaw vocabularies, “Translation” demonstrates how these same nations created new relationships to place through color after forced removal. Chapter 3 concludes by turning to the poetry of Linda Hogan (Chickasaw) and Phillip Carroll Morgan (Choctaw and Chickasaw) and the film and sculptural art of Jeffrey Gibson (Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Cherokee) to illuminate how color persists as a decolonial archive.
The Miners’ Share
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter examines the resistance of mine workers to the harms and over-exploitation produced by mining and smelting work. It focuses on the partido, the customary - even if strictly-speaking illegal - claim that miners made on the richest portion of the ores extracted from the mine. This practice was both ubiquitous and well-defended in Cerro de San Pedro, and across the mining districts of Spanish and Portuguese America. In this chapter, the partido is analyzed as the expression of a moral ecology through which miners rectified the negative reciprocities inherent in extractivism. The chapter also narrates the efforts of the Bourbon monarchy to rein in the partido, and the major rebellions that this triggered both at the Cerro de San Pedro and elsewhere.
A Contemporary Moral Ecology
Authors: Studnicki-Gizbert Daviken 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chapter examines the ideologies and practices of the social movement that emerged in defense of the Cerro de San Pedro and against the open-pit mining project. It argues that despite the heterogeneous and only loosely coordinated nature of this movement, it came together under a common moral ecology opposed to the negative reciprocities of contemporary open-pit mining. The chapter also offers a tour of the different political practices and tactics adopted by the movement - direct action, community referendums, political theatre, the mobilization of history - and each is compared with other similar examples drawn from elsewhere on the continent.
White Backlash
Authors: Grego Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter uses a series of petitions from Black farmers from the Clara Barton Papers, personal correspondence, diaries, and newspaper articles to survey the strategies of white backlash to the Red Cross recovery effort. In an increasingly desperate series of attacks that depicted white South Carolinians as the true victims of both the hurricane and outside intervention, white elites in South Carolina repudiated the need for aid at all, accused the Red Cross of racial favoritism, and plotted to dislodge the Red Cross from the Lowcountry. White supremacists saw the Red Cross’s presence and actions as an insidious threat to their nascent Jim Crow project to subjugate African Americans economically, politically, and socially. However, African Americans fought back and successfully used their alliance with the Red Cross to bolster their recovery from the hurricane. This chapter thus presents a rare southern story set about the failures, however temporary, of white backlash against carefully preserved Black autonomy.
Domestic Institutions?
Authors: Haumesser Lauren N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter shows how Republicans and Democrats used gender tactics in the debates over popular sovereignty in Kansas and Utah. In the election of 1856, Republicans claimed that popular sovereignty had created chaos in Kansas, with its “domestic institution” of slavery, and in Utah, with its “domestic institution” of polygamy. Republicans alleged that the Democratic doctrine of popular sovereignty—the right of men to vote on which domestic institutions their state would allow—meant that Democrats supported Mormon polygamy. Northern Democrats were set back on their heels by this attack, but a year later, they used the same tactic—analogizing marriage to slavery—to argue against the ratification of Kansas’ fraudulent Lecompton Constitution. If southern Democrats would never prevent men from making their own laws on marriage, why were they rejecting men’s right to make their own laws on slavery?
Narratives of Slavery and the Stamp Act
Authors: Hutchins Zachary McLeod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As John Dickinson and other white colonists in North America began self-identifying as slaves oppressed by Parliament, enslaved black Africans attempted to cultivate sympathy for their own oppression. Black African poets like Caesar and Phillis Wheatley Peters expressed their outrage over the Stamp Act in solidarity with white colonists even as they called for abolition. In response to Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur wrote Letters from an American Farmer, arguing that British tax policy enriched the colonies and that only a suffering black African could author a slave narrative. The War of American Independence settled the debate between Dickinson and Crèvecoeur; since white colonists no longer suffered under British rule, there was no longer a pretense for their use of slavery as a metaphor describing their oppression.
Management Militarization, Vigilante Traditions, and Incarceration in Northern Idaho, 1890–1900
Authors: Pearson Chad E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an analysis of Mine Owners during two remarkable labor conflicts in northern Idaho. These two confrontations, one in 1892 and another in 1899, pit unionized mine workers against the owners in. In both cases, the mine owners collaborated with state and federal troops to suppress these uprisings. And in both cases, authorities’ mass arrested union members and placed them in open air prisons knowns as “bull pens.” These were essentially concentration camps. This chapter looks at the agony of the incarceration process. In both cases, anti-union employers in Idaho and elsewhere celebrated this type of punishment. This chapter shows the close collaboration between politicians representing both mainstream partes and members of the local ruling class.
Collective Action and Indigenous Civil Society
Authors: Lupien Pascal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter opens with an overview of the 2019 uprisings in Bolivia, Ecuador and Chile, and contrasts these with large scale protests of the 1990s and 2000s. It provides an historical overview of Indigenous social movements in the three countries but also reviews relevant theoretical literature. It covers theoretical frameworks related to citizenship and collective action (resource mobilization, political structure, framing), and it examines how Indigenous civil society has traditionally blended disruptive protest tactics with participation in state institutions. The chapter also engages with theory on how movements are using digital technologies in the 21st century, touching on networked movements and connective action, as well as the barriers Indigenous movements face using these tools. The chapter argues that while Indigenous civil society uses digital technologies they do not rely on them, and this can be a strength. Here, it introduces the author’s concept of multi-scalar positioning: political action that includes both confrontational (“uncivic”) and cooperative (“civic”) approaches, and takes place on multiple, overlapping scales (within and between communities, nationally and internationally, within state institutions and semi-autonomous participatory mechanisms, and increasingly in the virtual world).
Making Fit Citizens
Authors: Purkiss Ava 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, African American women linked physical fitness to ideas of “civic fitness” and perceived their bodies as sites of citizenship making. It explores how African American women used Black physical culture to challenge old and emerging racialized ideas about indolence, the deterioration of the Black body, and Black people’s supposed unfitness for citizenship. By moving away from categories of labor, caretaking, and political organizing, this chapter uses exercise to offer a novel account of African American women’s physical and civic aspirations.
Striking the Knowledge Factory
Authors: Higgins Andrew Stone 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter two argues that the Free Speech Movement (FSM) at UC Berkeley was a direct critique and refutation of the model of higher education established by Master Plan architect Clark Kerr. While it was Kerr’s misrule over the UC that sparked the FSM, his views on education informed the content of student-activists’ critiques. As a crisis emerged at Berkeley over the right to participate in political organizing on campus, Kerr’s views on higher education became the target of a campus librarian, Hal Draper, who provided an intellectual framework for understanding the clash between student protesters and the university administration. In framing the movement’s rejection of the Cold War vision of education proffered by Clark Kerr, Draper became a mentor to leading FSM activists Mario Savio and Jack Weinberg.
Their Struggle Is Our Struggle
Authors: Higgins Andrew Stone 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter six shows that, rather than fostering a narrow nationalism, the racial exclusions embedded in the Master Plan inspired a wave of multiracial activism on campuses across California. At the UC, CSU, and community college levels, student activists worked together, forming alliances and rainbow coalitions to increase the recruitment and matriculation of diverse working-class youth. This activism was directed, quite consciously, at the exclusionary admissions standards enacted by the Master Plan in 1960. The chapter succinctly explores the Third World Liberation Front (TWLF) at San Francisco State College, which carried out a five month long strike for affirmative action and ethnic studies. The successful strike at SF State established a model for other campus struggles throughout California, including the Third World Strike at UC Berkeley, the Lumumba-Zapata coalition at UC San Diego, and interracial alliances organized at various community colleges.
Conclusion
Authors: Higgins Andrew Stone 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conclusion explores the history of the California Master Plan for Higher Education from the 1970s to the 2010s. Despite the victories of student activists in establishing Educational Opportunity Programs, the tide turned against affirmative action with the Supreme Court ruling in the Bakke case. As the state curtailed investment in higher education, the ruling against racial quotas served to slow progress in eliminating the racial achievement gap in education.
Undocumented and Irish
Authors: Goodman Carly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When the Irish economy faltered in the 1980s, many Irish emigrants headed to US shores to find their footing. But they found they could not access the immigrant visas that previous generations of Irish immigrants had been able to. The problem these immigrants (known sometimes as the “New Irish”) identified was that US immigration policy no longer favored the Irish since the Immigration Act of 1965 (also known as the Hart-Celler Act). Now, a new public focus on undocumented immigration more broadly threatened this group’s sense of belonging in America.
Making Moral Citizens
Authors: Delehanty Jack 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This fascinating book takes readers inside the world of faith-based progressive community organizing, one of the largest and most effective social justice movements in the United States. Drawing on rich ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews, Jack Delehanty shows how organizers use religion to build power for change. As Delehanty convincingly demonstrates, religion is more than beliefs, doctrines, and rituals; within activist communities, it also fuels a process of personal reflection and relationship building that transforms people's understandings of themselves, those around them, and the political system. Relational practices like one-on-one conversation and public storytelling take on new significance in faith-based community organizations. Delehanty reveals how progressive organizers use such relational practices to help people see common ground across lines of race, class, and religious sect. From this common ground, organizers work to develop and deploy shared ideas of moral citizenship that emphasize common dignity, equity, and prosperity and nurture the sense that public action is the only way one can live out religious faith.
Conclusion
Authors: Delehanty Jack 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conclusion wraps up the book by explaining the implications of the analysis for the study of religion and activism in modern life, as well as our understanding of how civic groups and grassroots democracy work. Discussions cover the relationship between religious organizing and the secular left, the implications of deepening inequality and diminishing social solidarity for faith-based and other forms of organizing, and how faith-based organizing both reflects and seems poised to help drive further changes in the American religious landscape.
El Hielo anda suelto por esas calles (ICE Is Loose in the Streets)
Authors: Arriaga Felicia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Local law enforcement engagement in immigration enforcement is typically viewed as a binary engagement where agencies either do or do not participate in enforcement practices, where the former is often only defined as more intrusive enforcement practices characteristic of 287(g) programs. Yet, this simplistic understanding distracts from other means of communication, collaboration, and financial exchanges with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. This chapter describes the variety of collaboration, correspondence, and communication occurring locally between federal ICE agencies and local agencies. Findings suggest that even if local law enforcement is not actively “rounding up” individuals that even the most progressive localities are in fact participating in collaborative efforts.
Leadership
Authors: Bailey Beth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In an attempt to solve its racial crisis, the US Army first turned to leadership and command, which offered a form of authority and enforcement not available in civilian society. The institution removed command from leaders who failed to manage the racial crisis, began evaluating leaders in Officer Efficiency Reports (OER) on how well they managed race, and developed leadership methods intended to stem the growing crisis. Recognizing that rank hierarchy could sometimes prevent senior officers from knowing what was happening in lower ranks, leaders expressed their faith in leadership in ways that undermined traditional principles based on the chain of command: by seeking out “natural” leaders among enlisted Black soldiers and creating “race relations councils” that skirted the chain of command (undermining the authority of NCOs and junior officers) to allow junior enlisted men to communicate directly with senior officers. Includes discussions of James Hobson, Darnell Summers, Maj. Gen. Frederic E. Davison; Gen. Michael S. Davison; Curtis Smothers; and Black Panther activism in West Germany.
Conclusion
Authors: Elmore Bart 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book concludes by recapping how five southern firms whose businesses focused on servicing small, often rural markets helped pioneer logistics systems that Jeff Bezos’ later used to create our have-it-now, fly-by-night, buy-on-credit economy. Bezos would travel to Bentonville, Arkansas, when he launched his firm in the 1990s. He read Sam Walton’s biography and even hired top talent out of Bentonville to get his business up and running. He also employed folks from FedEx, recognizing their expertise in logistics, expertise that came from developing an air cargo system that built on Delta’s hub-and-spoke aviation model. Bezos also gave thanks to Bank of America in speeches he gave, noting that the bank had developed a credit card system that provided basic infrastructure critical to his business. All this made Amazon wares “within arm’s reach of desire,” the mantra Coca-Cola’s Robert Woodruff had spoken of so many years ago. As it turns out, the rural roads to our “Amazon” economy ran straight through the American South.
An Isolated Valley in Wartime
Authors: Giddens Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During the Civil War, white and Cherokee residents enlisted as Confederates, mostly under the command of Col. William Holland Thomas, who created the Thomas Legion, envisioned as a force to protect the high mountain passes and keep men close to their families. They mustered in Knoxville in September 1862, where the Cherokee troops fascinated the citizens. Thomas’ strategy was thwarted when Brigadier General Alfred E. Jackson sent part of the Legion on a campaign into northeast Tennessee and Virginia, led by Lt. Col. James R. Love and Maj. William W. Stringfield. These soldiers participated in battles at Piedmont, Monacacy, and Winchester, or the Battle of Opequon. They rejoined North Carolina forces in late 1864 to serve as a home guard against Union raids led by Col. George W. Kirk, who swept through Oconaluftee Valley. Also, Stringfield was needed to command the Legion after Thomas was court-martialed for insubordination. This decision was reversed by President Jefferson Davis in time for Thomas to be present in Waynesville when North Carolina Confederate forces surrendered to Union Col. William C. Bartlett on May 9, 1865, a month after General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia.
A City without Care
Authors: McQueeney Kevin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book traces racially based medical inequity in New Orleans from the city's founding in the early eighteenth century through three centuries to the present. The work argues that racist health disparities emerged as a key component of the city's slave-based economy and quickly became institutionalized with the end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow. The manuscript also shows that, despite legislation and court victories in the civil rights era, a segregated health care system still exists today. In addition to charting this history of neglect, the book also suggests pathways to fix the deeply entrenched inequities, taking inspiration from the "long civil rights" framework and reconstructing the fight for improved health and access to care that started long before the boycotts, sit-ins, and marches of the 1950s and 1960s. In telling the history of how New Orleans has treated its Black citizens in its hospitals, this work uncovers the broader story of how urban centers across the country have ignored Black Americans and their health needs for the entire history of the nation.
Health and Health Care in the Era of Slavery, 1718–1843
Authors: McQueeney Kevin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores the origins of the racialized health care system in New Orleans. It details the creation and roles of early hospitals like the Royal Hospital and Charity Hospital, both of which owned enslaved people and provided invaluable medical care to many of the participants in the slave society. It examines the health requirements for enslaved individuals under the Code Noir and Black Codes, and the connection between the growing slave economy in New Orleans and the nascent medical field. The chapter details the role of physicians in promoting scientific racism used to justify the slave system. Finally, the chapter explores health problems of enslaved people, and the limited health care provided by enslavers.
Two-Tiered Health Care, 1965–1974
Authors: McQueeney Kevin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 explores the post-–Civil Rights period when the promise of an integrated health care system evaporated and the racialized health care system became re-entrenched, similar to what occurred in New Orleans a century earlier. This chapter starts with two juxtaposed stories: the simultaneous attempts to expand the white medical district, including the successful creation of Tulane University’s new hospital, and the stymied work to expand Flint Goodridge Hospital, which entered into decline. It explores the creation of the state agency Health Education Authority of Louisiana (H.E.A.L.) and its “urban renewal” efforts to displace Black residents and businesses. This chapter also explores also continued Black health activism, which took several forms. First, Black residents of Tulane Gravier organized against the expansion of the medical district and displacement. Second, Black residents and the NAACP initiated litigation against the formerly all-white hospitals that continued to discriminate, leading to investigations by the federal government, which were undermined by the failure of the federal government to enforce integration. Third, Black residents pushed for Health Department and federally-funded Model Cities health clinics in public housing units and Black neighborhoods, and the Black Panther Party created their own People’s Clinic in the Desire neighborhood; all the clinics proved short-lived. Finally, the chapter examines the transition of Charity Hospital to a “de facto” Black hospital, and the accompanying decrease in state funding and quality of care.
Black Health Care in the Age of Abandonment, 1975–2005
Authors: McQueeney Kevin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines Black health care in New Orleans in the age of crisis, from the late 1970s until Hurricane Katrina. It explores the factors that led to the decline, sale, and closure of Flint Goodridge, primarily the hospital’s declining finances due to low levels of reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid, inability to attract donors or investors, and lack of government funding. This chapter also explores the growing corporatization of health care. While Flint Goodridge became a victim of this process, hospitals like Tulane and Ochsner that served a wealthier, whiter clientele thrived, buoyed by their support from hospital companies and continued aid from H.E.A.L. Finally, this chapter details the further decline of Charity Hospital, principally caused by the state’s continued reduction in funding. By the 2000s, Charity provided care for 75 percent of the city’s Black hospital patients, as both quality of care at the hospital and the racial health disparity worsened.