bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical modeling of the sensory‐perception process of computational driver models for vehicle simulations
Authors: Rah Chongkwan , Park Minyong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article describes a new approach in developing computational driver models in vehicle simulations for evaluating intelligent driving support systems (IDSSs). As IDSSs become more intelligent and provide active safety controls, a more comprehensive understanding of a driver's cognitive processes is required as well as vehicle dynamics. One hundred thirty drivers participated in a psychophysical experiment of velocity estimation at 71 checkpoints on a road section. The perceived velocity, as a dependent variable, was modeled using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with respect to the driver's fundamental human factors (i.e., age, gender, and driving experience) as independent variables. As a result, eight different perceived velocity models were defined as part of the cognitive processes with quantitative covariates in different modalities (i.e., radius of road, level of interior noise, as well as vehicle velocity). Moreover, driver models implemented with different perceptual processes also exhibited considerable changes in the results of vehicle simulations on double lane change maneuvers. The results presented in this study suggest that defining the perceptual processes of different groups of drivers is an essential process in developing vehicle simulation environments for evaluating IDSS. Consequently, the results from this study may provide meaningful data for early stages of new vehicle design. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of different cultivation modes and light intensities using mono‐cultures and co‐cultures of Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis
Authors: Oncel Suphi S. , Imamoglu Esra , Gunerken Emre , Sukan Fazilet Vardar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that microalgal cultivation using organic carbon sources has the potential to provide high yields. Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis, two important carotenoid producers, were selected for co‐culture cultivations to utilize the unique advantages of both organisms. A co‐culture production process was investigated in terms of the effects of organic carbon source, co‐cultivation method, and light intensity on carotenoid production.RESULTS: The addition of 5 g L−1 glucose resulted in a growth rate of 0.60 day−1 for H. pluvialis and 0.59 day−1 for C. zofingiensis, which were higher than those for other carbon sources tested and the control group. Incremental increase of light intensity instead of direct increase to 170 µE m−2s− prevented cell loss in both cultures. Co‐cultivation based on cell numbers (60% H. pluvialis and 40% C. zofingiensis) prevented population domination of one microalgae over the other. The biomass production rate of the co‐culture was higher (0.61 g L−1 day−1) in glucose‐enriched medium. The total carotenoid content of the co‐culture in the control culture was higher (0.83 mg total carotenoids g−1 cell) than that obtained in glucose‐enriched medium (0.54 mg total carotenoids g−1 cell) but not as high as the amounts reached in mono‐cultures.CONCLUSION: Total carotenoid content of the mono‐cultures gave higher yields in standard bold basal medium (BBM). Preliminary high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) studies indicated a variation in the amounts of astaxanthin isomers produced. Further studies are in progress to determine the effects of carbon‐enriched media and co‐cultivation on the type of isomers and caretenoids produced. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermo‐alkaline pretreatment of lipid‐extracted microalgal biomass residues enhances hydrogen production
Authors: Yang Zhiman , Guo Rongbo , Xu Xiaohui , Fan Xiaolei , Li Xiaoping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The conversion of lipid‐extracted microalgal biomass residues (LMBRs) into hydrogen serves the dual role in renewable energy production and sustainable development of microalgal biodiesel industry. In this work, batch experiments were performed to convert LMBRs pretreated by a thermo‐alkaline method into hydrogen. In addition, repeated batch cultivation was conducted using the pretreated LMBRs as feedstocks under optimal pretreatment condition to further obtain high hydrogen production.RESULTS: The optimal pretreatment conditions for LMBRs were NaOH dosage of 8 g L−1, pretreatment time of 2.5 h and solid content of 6.7%, which resulted in 160% and 500% improvement in the hydrogen yield and hydrogen production rate, respectively. In addition, it was found that the repeated batch cultivation was a very useful method to improve the hydrogen production and hydrogen production rate.CONCLUSIONS: The thermo‐alkaline pretreatment resulted in remarkable improvements in LMBR solubilization, which led to an increase in hydrogen production. Repeated batch cultivation was a useful method to adapt and enrich hydrogen‐producing bacteria that could ferment LMBRs with high hydrogen yield. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
The evolution of jumping in frogs: Morphological evidence for the basal anuran locomotor condition and the radiation of locomotor systems in crown group anurans
Authors: Reilly Stephen M. , Jorgensen Michael E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOur understanding of the evolution of frog locomotion follows from the work of Emerson in which anurans are proposed to possess one of three different iliosacral configurations: 1) a lateral‐bending system found in walking and hopping frogs; 2) a fore‐aft sliding mechanism found in several locomotor modes; and 3) a sagittal‐hinge‐type pelvis posited to be related to long‐distance jumping performance. The most basal living (Ascaphus) and fossil (Prosalirus) frogs are described as sagittal‐hinge pelvic types, and it has been proposed that long‐distance jumping with a sagittal‐hinge pelvis arose early in frog evolution. We revisited osteological traits of the pelvic region to conduct a phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between pelvic systems and locomotor modes in frogs. Using two of Emerson's diagnostic traits from the sacrum and ilium and two new traits from the urostyle, we resampled the taxa originally studied by Emerson and key paleotaxa and conducted an analysis of ancestral‐character state evolution in relation to locomotor mode. We present a new pattern for the evolution of pelvic systems and locomotor modes in frogs. Character analysis shows that the lateral‐bender, walker/hopper condition is both basal and generally conserved across the Anura. Long‐distance jumping frogs do not appear until well within the Neobatrachia. The sagittal‐hinge morphology is correlated with long‐distance jumping in terrestrial frogs; however, it evolved convergently multiple times in crown group anurans with the same four pelvic traits described herein. Arboreal jumping has appeared in multiple crown lineages as well, but with divergent patterns of evolution involving each of the three pelvic types. The fore‐aft slider morph appears independently in three different locomotor modes and, thus, is a more complex system than previously thought. Finally, it appears that the advent of a bicondylar sacro‐urostylic articulation was originally related to providing axial rigidity to lateral‐bending behaviors rather than sagittal bending. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resin gathering in neotropical resin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Functional and comparative morphology
Authors: Forero Dimitri , Choe Dong‐Hwan , Weirauch Christiane 
Published: November 2010

AbstractApiomerini (Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) collect plant resins with their forelegs and use these sticky substances for prey capture or maternal care. These behaviors have not been described in detail and morphological structures involved in resin gathering, transfer, and storage remain virtually undocumented. We here describe these behaviors in Apiomerus flaviventris and document the involved structures. To place them in a comparative context, we describe and document leg and abdominal structures in 14 additional species of Apiomerini that represent all but one of the 12 recent genera in the tribe. Based on these morphological data in combination with the behavioral observations on A. flaviventris, we infer behavioral and functional hypotheses for the remaining genera within the tribe Apiomerini. Setal abdominal patches for resin storage are associated with maternal care so far only documented for species of Apiomerus. Based on the occurrence of these patches in several other genera, we propose that maternal care is widespread within the tribe. Ventral abdominal glands are widespread within female Apiomerini. We propose that their products may prevent hardening of stored resins thus providing long‐term supply for egg coating. Judging from the diverse setal types and arrangements on the front legs, we predict six different behavioral patterns of resin gathering within the tribe. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary administration of berberine or Phellodendron amurense extract inhibits cell cycle progression and lung tumorigenesis
Authors: James Michael A. , Fu Huijing , Liu Yan , Chen Da‐Ren , You Ming 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhellodendron amurense extract is a Chinese herbal remedy that has recently been studied for its antitumor, antimicrobial and other biological activities. It is previously unknown if these agents are bioavailable and effective against tumors when delivered as a dietary component. It is also unknown if the anti‐tumorigenic properties of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid component of P. amurense, is equally effective when administered alone. There are contrasting reports on the cellular processes involved in anti‐tumorigenesis by P. amurense and berberine. Here we find that berberine, when administered orally through the diet, inhibits in vivo tumorigenesis of both p53 expressing and p53 null lung tumor xenografts equally whether administered in its pure form or as a part of P. amurense extract. We also show that berberine induces G1 cell cycle arrest, inhibits proliferative kinase signaling and arrests the growth of lung tumor cells in culture. Berberine administered in the diet was detectable by HPLC in the lungs of mice fed P. amurense or equivalent doses of berberine at concentrations of 455 and 518 ng/ml respectively and inhibited the growth of xenografted A549 cell tumors, which grew to 9.4 and 6.4 mm3 respectively, compared to 58.9 mm3 in control mice (P < 0.001). Phosphorylation of Akt, CREB and MAPK was inhibited in A549 cells by P. amurense. Demonstration of oral bioavailability and anti‐tumorigenic efficacy of dietary berberine, as well as further demonstration of signaling pathway modulation and cell‐cycle arrest, implicate this relatively safe, natural compound as a potentially important therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for lung cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with metastases confined to the lungs: Report from the CWS Study Group
Authors: Dantonello Tobias M. , Winkler Peter , Boelling Tobias , Friedel Godehard , Schmid Irene , Mattke Adrian C. , Ljungman Gustaf , Bielack Stefan S. , Klingebiel Thomas , Koscielniak Ewa ,   on behalf of the CWS Study Group
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcoma [RME] is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. Whereas the prognosis of localized rhabdomyosarcoma has improved, it remains poor for metastatic disease.MethodsWe analyzed RME‐patients with isolated pulmonary metastases [PRME] treated in four consecutive CWS‐trials. Treatment included multiagent chemotherapy and local treatment of the primary tumor. Therapy of lung metastases after induction chemotherapy depended on response and individual decisions.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients <21 years had PRME. Their median age was six years, the median follow‐up nine years. Twenty‐eight children had their primary tumor located in an unfavorable site and 22 of the primaries were >5 cm. In addition to conventional chemotherapy, seven patients received high‐dose treatment and eight patients oral metronomic chemotherapy. The lung metastases were in remission after induction chemotherapy in 22 individuals. 19 patients received no local treatment of metastases; 3 patients had pulmonary metastasectomy and lung radiation was administered to 9 individuals. In total, 24/29 patients achieved a complete remission [CR]. Actuarial 5‐year event‐free and overall survival for all patients was 37.9 ± 18% and 48.7 ± 18%, respectively; it was 45.8 ± 20% and 58.3 ± 20% for the 24 patients who achieved a CR. Local treatment of metastases had no impact on the failure pattern. Younger age, good response, achievement of CR and maintenance‐treatment were favorable prognostic factors in univariate analysis.ConclusionsChildren with PRME have a fair prognosis. Local treatment of metastases did not improve outcome in our sample. Metronomic treatment may be an attractive option for PREM‐patients. [correction made here after initial online publication]. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:725–732. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness of school‐based psychotherapy: A meta‐analysis of dissertation research
Authors: Reese Robert J. , Prout H. Thompson , Zirkelback Emily H. , Anderson Charlotte R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA meta‐analysis was conducted with 65 school‐based psychotherapy and counseling dissertations over the last 10 years (1998–2008) to assess if a file‐drawer problem (i.e., studies conducted but not published that, as a whole, have different results than studies in the same area published) exists in the school‐based outcome literature. An overall mean effect size of 0.44 was found for 73 treatment interventions. This effect size is comparable to Prout and DeMartino's 1986 meta‐analysis conducted with published school‐based studies and approximately half a standard deviation smaller than Prout and Prout's 1998 meta‐analysis of school‐based intervention studies. A bias does appear to exist but seems to be smaller than the bias found in the general child and adolescent psychotherapy outcome literature. Most of the dissertation studies evaluated group interventions and used a cognitive–behavioral or skills training intervention. Skills training and interventions with elementary‐school students yielded the largest effect sizes. Comparisons of the current study with previous school‐based intervention meta‐analyses are discussed as are suggestions for future research. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and ring‐opening polymerizations of novel S‐glycooxazolines
Authors: Takasu Akinori , Kojima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new 2‐oxazolines containing S‐galactosyl substituents linked to alkyl chains of different lengths; (S‐glycooxazoline) were prepared relatively in high yields. By using a 1:1 adduct of 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline and methyl triflate, as the initiator, the monomer was polymerized via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) to give products with relatively narrow molecular weight distributions. Homo‐ and copolymerization were performed, and the kinetics of these new S‐glycooxazolines in the ROP are investigated. After a quantitative deprotection, poly(2‐oxazoline)s having pendant carbohydrate were obtained. The interaction of the poly(S‐glycooxazoline) with RCA120 lectin was investigated, the binding constant between glycopolymer and lectin was increased by 102 times compared with that of the monosaccharide (D‐galactose). The in vivo expression of green fluorescent protein using the synthesized poly(S‐glycooxazoline)s as polymeric inducers in Escherichia coli host were performed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Synthesis of a rare‐metal adsorbing polymer by three‐component polyaddition of diamines, carbon disulfide, and diacrylates in an aqueous/organic biphasic medium
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Imazeki Tsutomu , Morinaga Hisatoyo , Nakabayashi Hirotoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThree‐component polyaddition of diamines, carbon disulfide (CS2), and diacrylates in an aqueous/organic biphasic medium produced a polymer capable of adsorbing rare metals. By using a 1:1 mixture of toluene and H2O, the polyaddition reaction of 1,3‐di‐4‐piperidylpropane (1), CS2, and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (2) proceeded efficiently in the presence of Et3N to produce a poly(dithiourethane‐amine) with a high proportion of dithiourethane units almost quantitatively. Quantitative formation of 1‐CS2 adducts in the aqueous phase was followed by efficient reaction with diacrylate at the biphasic interface. The resulting poly(dithiourethane‐amine) adsorbed Pd(II) and Pt(IV) efficiently under acidic conditions due to the high affinity of thiocarbonyl sulfur atoms for soft metal ions. The polymers showed highly selective adsorption of Pd(II) from a mixture of metal ions [Pd(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II)], indicating their potential utilization for selective recovery of rare‐metals. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Modeling differential scanning calorimetry melting curves of ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers
Authors: Kissin Yury V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA procedure is developed for modeling differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting curves of linear polyethylene and ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers produced with single‐center and multicenter polymerization catalysts. The modeling demonstrates that the use of the statistical description of random copolymers and the introduction of several assumptions about the crystallization pattern of long ethylene blocks in ethylene copolymers are sufficient for the representation of most characteristic features of DSC melting curves of the polymers. This type of modeling can be applied to ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers containing up to 10 mol % of an α‐olefin. The approach is, in principle, similar to modeling the results of other analytical techniques used for the characterization of copolymer heterogeneity, such as Tref and Crystaf. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Application of long‐range order to predict unfolding rates of two‐state proteins
Authors: Harihar B. , Selvaraj S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPredicting the experimental unfolding rates of two‐state proteins and models describing the unfolding rates of these proteins is quite limited because of the complexity present in the unfolding mechanism and the lack of experimental unfolding data compared with folding data. In this work, 25 two‐state proteins characterized by Maxwell et al. (Protein Sci 2005;14:602–616) using a consensus set of experimental conditions were taken, and the parameter long‐range order (LRO) derived from their three‐dimensional structures were related with their experimental unfolding rates ln(ku). From the total data set of 30 proteins used by Maxwell et al. (Protein Sci 2005;14:602–616), five slow‐unfolding proteins with very low unfolding rates were considered to be outliers and were not included in our data set. Except all‐beta structural class, LRO of both the all‐alpha and mixed‐class proteins showed a strong inverse correlation of r = −0.99 and −0.88, respectively, with experimental ln(ku). LRO shows a correlation of −0.62 with experimental ln(ku) for all‐beta proteins. For predicting the unfolding rates, a simple statistical method has been used and linear regression equations were developed for individual structural classes of proteins using LRO, and the results obtained showed a better agreement with experimental results. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An ab initio‐based approach to the adsorption behavior of In on InAs wetting layer grown on GaAs(001) substrate
Authors: Ogasawara Kosuke , Akiyama Toru , Nakamura Kohji , Ito Tomonori 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reconstructions and adsorption‐desorption behavior of In adatom on InAs wetting layer grown on GaAs(001) substrate are investigated on the basis of first‐principles pseudopotential calculations. The surface phase diagrams, which are obtained by comparing the adsorption energy with gas‐phase chemical potential, demonstrate that the entity of InAs/GaAs interface crucially affects the relative stability between α2(2×4) and β2(2×4) structures which appear under growth conditions. Exploring the adsorption sites for an In adatom on β2(2×4) also reveals that a large number of adsorption sites on InAs wetting layer emerge due to the InAs/GaAs interface as well as the lattice constraint from GaAs substrate. Furthermore, the calculated energy barrier for the migration of In adatom on InAs wetting layer (0.4 eV) is found to be much lower than that on InAs(001) surface (0.8 eV). These results obtained imply that both the lattice constraint and the InAs/GaAs interface are crucial to understand the growth processes of InAs on the wetting layer. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical gain of multi‐stacked InAs quantum dots grown on InP(311)B substrate by strain‐compensation technique
Authors: Takata Ayami , Akahane Kouichi , Yamamoto Naokatsu , Okada Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe used a strain‐compensation technique to fabricate multi‐stacked InAs quantum dot (QD) structures on InP(311)B substrates. We stacked 60 layers of InAs QDs without degrading the crystal quality and achieved a structure with a total QD density of 4.9 × 1012 cm‐2. Then dependence of optical gain on the number of QD layers stacked was investigated, using variable stripe‐length (VSL) method. The optical gain increased with increase in the number of QD layers. We obtained an optical gain of 49.7 cm‐1 when 60 QD layers were stacked. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AlN based microgenerators for powering implantable sensor devices
Authors: Bludau O. , Röhlig C.‐C. , Knöbber F. , Kirste L. , Sah R. E. , Driad R. , Pletschen W. , Lebedev V. , Cimalla V. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this work we report on microstructures made of AlN for the use as piezoelectric microgenerators in energy harvesting applications. Experimental results on the mechanical and piezoelectrical properties of sputtered AlN thin films deposited on Si(001) substrates as well as results on vibrometry of fabricated microcantilevers are presented. It is shown that due to the constant d33 piezo coefficients of > 5 pm/V, AlN films are well suited for the integration in cantilever structures for powering of low‐consumption sensor networks (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proximate composition of milk from free‐ranging mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)
Authors: Whittier Christopher A. , Milligan Lauren A. , Nutter Felicia B. , Cranfield Michael R. , Power Michael L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPublished data on milk composition for nonhuman primates, especially great apes, are lacking. Milk composition data are important for understanding the physiology and evolution of mammalian milk production, as well as the nutritional requirements of infants. For many primate species these data have added relevance because of the need to hand raise infants orphaned by poaching or separated from their mothers in captivity. The proximate composition (dry matter (DM), protein, fat, sugar) of free‐ranging mountain gorilla (MG) (Gorilla beringei beringei) milk was characterized from samples (N = 10) collected opportunistically during field procedures. The mean values for mid‐lactation (1–50 months) milk samples from healthy MGs (N = 7) were: 10.7% DM, 1.9% fat, 1.4% crude protein, 6.8% sugar, and 0.53 kcal/g. These results are lower in fat and total energy than most other Hominidae, including humans. One early‐lactation sample was high in protein content while the composition of two samples from gorillas with poor health and suspected poor milk quality both deviated from the normal, mid‐lactation pattern. This survey adds to the data available for primate milk composition and suggests that wild MG infants normally consume milk that is lower in fat and total energy than human milk. Zoo Biol 30:308–317, 2011.  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.