bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Exploration of Newly Implemented Public Health Policy Using Geographic Information Systems: The Case of a U.S. Silver Alert Program
Authors: Yamashita Takashi , Carr Dawn C. , Brown J. Scott 
Published: May 2024

Context. Public health policies are designed for specific subsets of the population. Evidence that a policy is effectively designed should be based on whether it effectively addresses its mission. a critical factor is determining whether utilization patterns reflect the mission and the efficacy of public health policies, particularly during early stages of implementation. We assert that utilization patterns can be effectively assessed using geographic information systems (GIS). Objective. This paper uses the Silver Alert program, a recently implemented public health policy, as a case for how and why GIS can be used to examine utilization patterns. Design. GIS are employed to visualize and spatially analyze a new health policy – North Carolina's Silver Alert policy. We use visualized data and spatial statistics to assess utilization patterns and mission adherence. Results. Results show disproportionate utilization patterns of the Silver Alert policy. in particular, an outstanding number of Silver Alerts were used in Wake County and its surrounding counties, which are both the political and media center of North Carolina. Other counties, including populous counties, had few if any alerts. Conclusion. Findings suggest that the North Carolina's Silver Alert policy needs to be adjusted to more effectively address its mission. We identify several factors that need further examination prior to a statewide evaluation. From this case study, we propose ways future programs, particularly the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2014, might use GIS to examine utilization patterns as a means to better understand whether and in what ways the health care needs of the public are being met with such a policy.
Using Focus Groups to Modify the Workplace Affective Commitment Multidimensional Questionnaire (Wacmq) for Use in Health Care
Authors: Perreira Tyrone , Berta Whitney 
Published: May 2024

Background The Workplace Affective Commitment Multidimensional Questionnaire (WACMQ) measures affective commitment towards eight work-related targets. While this questionnaire was developed in the business sector, we believe that the multi-target conceptualization of affective commitment has applicability to complex health care contexts where providers of care, in the production and delivery of care, likely develop commitment toward a multiplicity of targets. Affective commitment is a strong predictor of extra-role workplace behavior; indispensable behaviors which enable health systems to function. Objective: The aim of this psychometric exercise is to content validate the WACMQ questions for use in health care. Methods: Two focus groups were conducted, consisting of nurses working in acute care and emergency hospitals in Ontario. Linguistic validation and cognitive debriefing were used. Results: A total of 14 modifications to the wording of items on the original WACMQ questionnaire were made. Conclusions: This modified version of the WACMQ reflects the need for researchers in health care settings to acknowledge the complex context of health care and the attendant complexities of worker attitudes. Health care workers can experience affective commitment toward leadership (clinical or administrative), co-workers (nurses or interprofessional), patients, their profession, organization, work or tasks. Further, in some health care settings, features like union membership may have important implications when examining affective commitment or behaviors. Psychometric properties of the modified WACMQ will be established in an upcoming study that will examine the relationships between extra-role behaviors, commitment, perceived organizational support and justice within acute care and emergency departments of hospitals operating in Ontario.
How Do Healthy Eating and Active Living Policies Influence the Potential for A Community's Healthy Behavior? The Case of Mississippi State
Authors: Scutelnicu Gina 
Published: May 2024

A community's health can be enhanced through access to healthy eating and active living which, in turn, can be supported through the built environment. While local and state governments have taken active steps toward promoting healthy communities, efforts of encouraging healthy eating and active living have not reached their full potential. The state of Mississippi is known as “the fattest state” in the United States and one of the factors that has led to such a classification is related to the way development occurs throughout the state. Drawing on a case study approach, the purpose of this study is to describe how local policy efforts can influence the potential for healthy eating and active living in the state of Mississippi. The paper examines the content of existing municipal comprehensive plans in terms of goals, objectives and policies related to healthy eating and active living over a 15-year time-frame (2000 - 2015).
Online video resources pertaining to cerebral palsy: A YouTube-based quality control study
Authors: Thomas Nicholas D , Melchor Julian , Carr Rachel , Ripps Sarah , Pham Nicole , Golan Roei , Talathi Nakul , Thompson Rachel M , Spence David , Chambers Hank 
Published: May 2024

Aim: To assess the content and quality of YouTube videos related to cerebral palsy to provide insights into the online video resources available for individuals affected by cerebral palsy and suggest strategies for improvement. Methods: YouTube videos were analyzed based on interaction parameters, content characteristics/category, and video source. Video reliability and quality were assessed using the Journal of American Medical Association benchmark, Global Quality Scale, and cerebral palsy-specific score. Statistical analyses examined associations between video characteristics and reliability/quality scores. Results: The average video ( n = 48) length was 6.8 min, with 29 informational and 19 experiential videos. The mean Journal of American Medical Association score was 2.0, indicating moderate reliability. The Global Quality Scale suggested good quality content (average: 3.5), but only 14% were rated as good via cerebral palsy-specific score. Higher views were associated with higher Journal of American Medical Association score and cerebral palsy-specific score ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.006), and nonphysician medical expert videos had lower Journal of American Medical Association scores than academic videos ( p = 0.042). Video content was not significantly associated with either score. Conclusion: YouTube provides moderate to good quality information on cerebral palsy. Critical evaluation of video sources and content is essential. Findings can guide strategies to enhance the quality of cerebral palsy-related YouTube content, benefiting individuals with cerebral palsy, health care providers, and caregivers.
Epilepsy first aid awareness among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Albarrak Anas M , AlAseeri Ali A , Albadrani Ahmed A , Alqahtani Mohammed Saad , Almalki Daifallah M , Algarni Saleh A , Al-Dosary Abdullah S , Alquwaiz Ibrahim Abdulrahman I 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million human lives of all ages, its social, physical and psychological implications is of huge concern. The current study and as a continuation of epilepsy knowledge assessment projects conducted by our research team is aimed to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers regarding epilepsy first aid in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out from 2020 to 2021. Results: During the study period, 272 healthcare workers were recruited; participants were males and females from different nationalities in various Saudi Arabian cities, possess diverse qualifications, and belong to several healthcare-related professions. The question, “Did you witness an epileptic seizure”? was answered as “Yes” by 42% of participants, and in response to the question “If you know that this patient struggles during seizure attacks,” 58% of respondents stated that they would not call an ambulance. Moreover, the question “Put something in his/her mouth to prevent tongue biting” was incorrectly answered as “Yes” by 42% of respondents, and the question “Try to catch him/her and stop his/her movement” in order to control the attack was answered “Yes” by 21% of respondents. Furthermore, almost 90% of healthcare participants do not know how to use the Vagus Nerve Stimulation device. The mean knowledge score among participants was 23.7; sex, as well as type of higher qualification obtained, was found to be significantly associated with the score of knowledge. Conclusion: Knowledge toward epilepsy and epilepsy first aid among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia was found fragile. Further research is appreciated to support the current findings.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Augmentation Repair for Primary Patellar Dislocation With Concomitant Chondral or Osteochondral Injury in Children and Adolescents: Outcomes at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Gornick Bryn R. , Kwan Kevin Z. , Schlechter John A. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Treatment of primary patellar dislocation (PPD) with chondral or osteochondral injury without patellar stabilization in the adolescent population may lead to unsatisfactory outcomes. Surgical treatment, with or without traditional medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, is a topic of interest. Purpose: To compare postoperative outcomes and rates of patellar redislocation and return to the operating room (OR) in patients who sustained a PPD with chondral or osteochondral injury and were surgically treated with versus without suture tape augmentation repair of the MPFL. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Adolescents who sustained a PPD with chondral or osteochondral injury confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and who were treated by a single surgeon between January 2009 and November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped into those who underwent chondral or osteochondral treatment with suture tape augmentation repair of the MPFL (ST group; n = 20) and those who did not have suture tape augmentation or repair (no-ST group; n = 20; 11 patients within the no-ST group did undergo medial imbrication). Demographic characteristics, postoperative knee range of motion, pre- and postoperative radiographic measurements, and preoperative MRI parameters were recorded, and minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes were collected. Data were compared between the ST and no-ST groups. Results: The mean patient age was 15.02 years (range, 12.64-17.61 years) in the ST group and 14.18 years (range, 10.56-16.38 years) in the no-ST group, with a mean follow-up of 3.63 years (range, 2.01-6.11 years) in the ST group and 4.98 years (range, 2.23-9.03 years) in the no-ST group. Significantly more patients returned to the OR in the no-ST group compared with the ST group (7 [35%] vs 0 [0%]; P = .008). Further patellar stabilization with an MPFL allograft (n = 5) and manipulation under anesthesia (n = 2) were reasons for returning to the OR. There were no redislocation events in the ST group. Conclusion: Treating PPDs with chondral or osteochondral injury using suture tape to augment and repair the MPFL has promising advantages over not repairing it—including lower rates of postoperative patellar instability and return to the OR.
Correlation of serum interleukin-8 levels and prostate volume to the degree of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostate enlargement: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bahrun Uleng , Atmanto Yohanes Kusumo Adi Arji , Nurulita Asvin , Mangarengi Fitriani , Palinrungi Muhammad Asykar , Bahar Burhanuddin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8)-associated which causes epithelial hyperplasia of the prostate transitional zone. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the levels of IL-8 serum and the prostate volume with the degree of LUTS severity in patients with BPE.

Methods
Determination of the correlation between serum IL-8 levels and prostate volume with the LUTS severity degree was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. The International Prostate Symptom Score was used to measure the LUTS severity degree, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to measure the serum IL-8 level, and the transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) was used to measure the prostate volume. The sample used in this study was 32 patients with BPE grouped by the degree of LUTS severity of the patients. The correlation between variables was then analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.

Results
The prostate volume was higher in severe LUTS degree (38.19 cc) than in the mild LUTS degree (13.05 cc). The levels of serum IL-8 were higher in the severe LUTS degree (21.65 pg/mL) than in the mild LUTS degree (8.44 pg/m). Both the levels of serum IL-8 and the degree of LUTS did not have a significant correlation with the volume of prostate (p > 0.05). On the other side, the prostate volume and the degree of LUTS severity had a significant positive correlation (p = 0.001, R = 0.913).

Conclusion
The prostate volume and the levels of serum IL-8 are higher in the severe LUTS degree. There is a trend of increasing prostate volume with the severity of LUTS symptoms and higher serum IL-8 levels. The severity of prostate enlargement can be assessed by measuring the levels of IL-8 in the serum.
Whole genome sequence analysis of shallot virus X from India reveals it to be a natural recombinant with positive selection pressure
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Teotia Sachin , Singh Ajay Kumar , Arya Meenakshi , Rout Ajaya Kumar , Behera Bijay Kumar , Majumder Shahana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Shallots are infected by various viruses like Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Shallot latent virus (SLV) and Shallot virus X (ShVX). In India, they have been found to be persistently infected by ShVX. ShVX also infects onion and garlic in combination with other carlaviruses and potyviruses. ShVX is a member of genus Allexivirus of family Alphaflexiviridae. ShVX has a monopartite genome, which is represented by positive sense single-stranded RNA. Globally, only six complete and 3 nearly complete genome sequences of ShV X are reported to date. This number is insufficient to measure a taxon’s true molecular diversity. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of ShVX from Asia has not been reported as yet. Therefore, this study was undertaken to generate a complete genome sequence of ShVX from India.

Results
Shallot virus X (ShVX) is one of the significant threats to Allium crop production. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence of the ShVX from India through Next-generation sequencing (NGS). The complete genome of the ShVX (Accession No. OK104171), from this study comprised 8911 nucleotides. In-silico analysis of the sequence revealed variability between this isolate and isolates from other countries. The dissimilarities are spread all over the genome specifically some non-coding intergenic regions. Statistical analysis of individual genes for site-specific selection indicates a positive selection in NABP region. The presence of a recombination event was detected in coat protein region. The sequence similarity percentage and phylogenetic analysis indicate ShVX Indian isolate is a distinctly different isolate. Recombination and site-specific selection may have a function in the evolution of this isolate. This is the first detailed study of the ShVX complete genome sequence from Southeast Asia.

Conclusion
This study presents the first report of the entire genome sequence of an Indian isolate of ShVX along with an in-depth exploration of its evolutionary traits. The findings highlight the Indian variant as a naturally occurring recombinant, emphasizing the substantial role of recombination in the evolution of this viral species. This insight into the molecular diversity of strains within a specific geographical region holds immense significance for comprehending and forecasting potential epidemics. Consequently, the insights garnered from this research hold practical value for shaping ShVX management strategies and providing a foundation for forthcoming studies delving into its evolutionary trajectory.
Refraction and ocular biometric parameters in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children : a large-scale population-based study in Chengdu, China
Authors: Mu Jingyu , Zhang Zengrui , Wu Xiaoxiao , Chen Siyu , Geng Haoming , Duan Junguo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To understand the ocular biometric parameters characteristics and refractive errors in 3-to 6-year-old preschool children in Chengdu, China, and to investigate the prevalence of refractive errors.

Method
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Chengdu from 2020 to2022 with a total of 666 kindergartens. All children were measured by non-cycloplegic autorefraction and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and ocular biometric parameters. Finally, univariate linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between ocular biometric parameters and refraction.

Results
A total of 108,578 preschool children aged 3–6 underwent examinations, revealing a myopia prevalence of 6.1%. The mean axial length (AL), keratometry (K), corneal radius (CR), axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) Ratio, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD) were 22.35 ± 0.69 mm, 43.35 ± 1.58 D, 7.80 ± 0.28 mm, 2.87 ± 0.08, 533.31 ± 32.51 μm, 2.70 ± 0.28 mm, 3.91 ± 0.27 mm, and 15.20 ± 0.68 mm, respectively. With increasing age, AL, CR, AL/CR ratio, CCT, ACD, LT, and VCD also increased. Regardless of age, males consistently exhibited longer AL, flatter corneal curvature, shallower ACD, thicker CCT, thinner LT, and longer VCD compared to females. AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD all showed significant linear relationships with SE (all P < 0.001) in univariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for gender and age.

Conclusion
The prevalence of myopia among preschool children aged 3–6 in Chengdu is relatively low. Ocular biometric parameters affecting refractive errors include AL, K, CR, LT, and VCD. The preschool period serves as a critical phase for myopia prevention and control.
Benchmarking the university campus food environment and exploring student perspectives about food insecurity and healthy eating: a case study from Australia
Authors: Keat Jemma , Dharmayani Putu Novi Arfirsta , Mihrshahi Seema 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
To benchmark the university food environment and explore students’ experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating in order to inform interventions to improve access and affordability of healthy foods for university students.

Design
A food environment audit was conducted on the university campus using the Uni-Food tool from April to May 2022 and was comprised of three main components, university systems and governance, campus facilities and environment, and food retail outlets. A qualitative study design was also used to conduct focus groups and semi-structured interviews with students to explore key themes regarding their experiences with food insecurity and healthy eating.

Setting
Macquarie University, Australia.

Participants
For the food environment audit 24 retail outlets on campus and for the qualitative component 29 domestic and international students enrolled at Macquarie University.

Results
The university only scored 27% in total for all components in the food environment audit. The results showed the need for better governance and leadership of the food environment. The qualitative component suggested that the main barriers to accessing healthy foods were related to availability, pricing, and knowledge of healthy foods. Future intervention ideas included free fruits and vegetables, food relief, discounts, improved self-catering facilities, education, and increased healthy food outlets.

Conclusions
Improving governance measures related to healthy eating on campus are a core priority to strengthen the food environment and students identified pricing and availability as key issues. These findings will inform effective and feasible interventions to improve food security and healthy eating on campus.
Exploring the Quality of Life (QOL) of medical students in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Bilawal Makhdoom , Shafique Ramna , Ansari Rafay Shahab , Bashir Muhammad Arsalan , Nadeem Muhammad Amaan , Qayyum Sardar Noman , Shah Hussain Haider , Tehseen Annoushay , Alnemr Lujain , Noori Samim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The pursuit of medical and dental education is challenging and can affect the overall quality of life of medical students. Assessing the quality of life of medical students is the first step in the preparation of efficient future health care professionals. This study used the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) to evaluate the quality of life of medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objectives
The study objectives include: assessing the QoL of medical and dental students and their general health satisfaction and self-satisfaction.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 medical and dental students from different medical and dental schools in Karachi, Pakistan. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess QOL, which included 26 items covering four domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. All scores for the domains ranged from 4 to 20. Scoring was done according to the WHOQOL-BREF procedure manual. The questionnaire was disseminated to medical students using Google Forms. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Cronbach’s alpha and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test were used to evaluate the reliability and sampling adequacy of the data for factor analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for each variable and QoL domain, including frequencies, percentages, averages, and standard deviations. Domain scores were compared using a t-test and one-way ANOVA, with p-values less than 0.05, indicating statistical significance.

Results
Among the 344 medical students, 56.7% (n = 195) were female and 43.3% (n = 149) were male. The WHOQOL-BREF demonstrated excellent reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.918. Most medical students rated their overall QOL (62.2%) and health satisfaction (46.8%) as good, and were able to get around well (71.3%). No significant sex differences were found across the various QOL domains. Marital status significantly affected QOL scores (p < 0.005). Single students had significantly higher QOL scores than married/separated/divorced students did. Overall, the environmental domain had the highest mean score (26.81 ± 6.17), while social relationships had the lowest mean score (9.68 ± 2.93).

Conclusion
The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the QoL of medical and dental students. Most participants reported moderate satisfaction with their physical health and lower satisfaction with the psychological, social, and environmental components of QoL. Marital status was found to significantly impact the QoL as compared to single students with greater QoL. These findings can help form targeted interventions to enhance medical students’ quality of life and prepare efficient future healthcare professionals.