bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of monolithic columns in pharmaceutical analysis. Determination of indomethacin and its degradation products
Authors: Žáková Petra , Sklenářová Hana , Nováková Lucie , Hájková Renata , Matysová Ludmila , Solich Petr 
Published: July 2009

AbstractComparison of HPLC methods using conventional particle‐based and monolithic columns for determination of indomethacin and its two degradation products, viz. 5‐methoxy‐2‐methylindoleacetic acid and 4‐chlorobenzoic acid, was carried out. Ketoprofen was used as an internal standard for data evaluation throughout the study. Conventional separation was based on analytical column Zorbax SB‐Phenyl (75×4.6 mm; 3.5 μm particles) used with a mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid 0.2% (50:50, v/v) and isocratic flow at 0.6 mL/min. Three different lengths of Chromolith columns RP‐18e (25×4.6 mm, 50×4.6 mm, and 100×3 mm) were tested with respect to the validation parameters peak asymmetry, resolution, height equivalent to a theoretical plate, repeatability, and after optimisation compared to values obtained using a conventional Zorbax column. The developed methods were used to determine all three compounds in a pharmaceutical formulation – Indobene gel. Chromatographic parameters were comparable to those of a conventional particle‐based column. The analysis time was shortened as expected (retention times were lowered by a factor of two). Moreover, the repeatability of peak areas and retention times obtained with a 50 mm monolithic column was greatly improved (RSD values were lower than 0.40%).
A computer prototype to support knowledge audits in organizations
Authors: Perez‐Soltero Alonso , Barcelo‐Valenzuela Mario , Sanchez‐Schmitz Gerardo , Rodriguez‐Elias Oscar Mario 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA knowledge audit is a process whose purpose is to diagnose the situation in which knowledge is kept within an organization, that is, it allows to know what knowledge exists, who has it, where it is, how it moves and how it is managed. The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of an ontology as a support to knowledge audit process through a computer prototype. A case study in an organization is developed, in which the knowledge audit process is supported by the prototype. Among the advantages it offers: facilitates obtaining knowledge inventory, classifying and valuing knowledge assets and flows, identifying knowledge gaps, knowledge management analysis and reusing the audit's results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolyte‐Based Fluorescence Enzyme Coupling Protocol for Continuous and Sensitive β‐Galactosidase Detection
Authors: Feng Fude , Liu Libing , Wang Shu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA simple, rapid, continuous and homogeneous fluorescent assay for β‐galactosidase was developed, combining an enzyme‐coupled reaction and signal amplification property of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPs). The procedure is based on a sequence of two coupled biocatalytic steps in which the β‐galactosidase hydrolyzes its substrate to a phenol derivative followed by conversion to quinone (secondary product) with fluorescence quenching ability by the tyrosinase. The fluorescence of PFP−SO is efficiently quenched by the quinone via an electron transfer process. The limit of detection (LOD) of this assay is less than 0.0005 U · mL−1, which is better than that of electrochemical method and is comparable to that of most sensitive chemiluminescent techniques. In principle, this sensor mechanism will extend the application window of CPs for wide‐spectrum enzyme detections. This “mix‐and‐detect” approach could be expanded to a high‐throughput manner.magnified image
Adenylosuccinate synthetase 1 gene is a novel target of deletion in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Miller Joshua C. , Blake Daniel C. , Herzog Christopher R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTobacco smoke consists of numerous carcinogens whose effect on lung tumor development includes the induction of mutations in key genes as well as the induction of chromosome instability (CIN). Consequently, carcinogen‐induced mouse lung adenocarcinomas (LAC) display many more recurrent site‐ and chromosome‐specific changes in DNA copy number compared with noninduced LAC. Here we identified the Adenylosuccinate synthetase 1 (Adss1) gene located on distal chromosome 12q as a focus of bi‐allelic or homozygous deletion (HD) in LAC. HDs of Adss1 were detected in 10 out of 84 carcinogen‐induced mouse primary LAC and mouse LAC cell lines. In only four of these cases did the deletions affect either Siva1 or Inverted‐formin 2 (Inf2), which immediately flank the Adss1 locus, indicating that Adss1 is a selective target of deletion in LAC. Losses of Adss1 not meeting the quantitative threshold of HD were detected in 36 out of 84 (42.9%) of the mouse tumors and cell lines. A similar frequency of ADSS1 deletion was observed in human LAC cell lines, suggesting relevance in human lung cancer. Adss1 losses were also found to be significantly associated with a more extensive CIN phenotype in the primary mouse tumors. These results implicate ADSS1 inactivation as a novel somatic alteration in lung carcinogenesis, and suggest that its selective deletion in LAC may be triggered by CIN. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent European Food Safety Authority toxicological evaluations of major phthalates used in food contact materials
Authors: Lhuguenot Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring the 1980s and 1990s, and at the EU level, the Scientific Committee for Food evaluated a number of phthalates that were being used, or were requested for use, as additives in plastics. At this time, peroxisome proliferation was considered as the pivotal effect on which toxicological evaluation of these chemicals was based. At the end of 1990s, a general consensus has been agreed that rodents are highly sensitive to the phenomenon of peroxisome proliferation and that this particular effect should not be used for human risk assessment. Consequently in 2004, it was requested from the newly created European Food Safety Authority to perform a new evaluation of the mainly used phthalates on the basis of existing data. This paper summarizes evaluations of butylbenzylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, diethylhexylphthalate.
Antigen presenting cells and T cell interactions in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: MacDonald Thomas T. , Voessenkamper Anna , Di Sabatino Antonio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDendritic cells make up less than 1% of the cells in lymph nodes and tissues, but they are critical in initiating and directing T cell immune responses. In the gut, with exposure to myriad food and bacterial antigens, they probably control T cell unresponsiveness to food antigens and T cell hypersensitivity in disease situations. The need for the immune system to ‘know’ gut luminal antigens is demonstrated by the fact that dendritic cells send processes through the epithelium and directly sample antigens in the gut lumen. We present evidence that type I INF made by plasmacytoid dendritic cells may be important in coeliac disease.
NMR‐based metabonomics reveals that plasma betaine increases upon intake of high‐fiber rye buns in hypercholesterolemic pigs
Authors: Bertram Hanne Christine , Malmendal Anders , Nielsen Niels Chr. , Straadt Ida Krestine , Larsen Torben , Bach Knudsen Knud Erik , Nygaard Lærke Helle 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study presents an NMR‐based metabonomic approach to explore the overall endogenous biochemical effects of a rye versus wheat‐based fiber‐rich diet in hypercholesterolemic pigs. The pigs were fed high‐fat, high‐cholesterol rye‐ (n = 9) or wheat‐ (n = 8) based buns with similar levels of dietary fiber for 9–10 wk. Fasting plasma samples were collected 2 days before and after 8 and 12 days on the experimental diets, while postprandial samples taken after 58–67 days, and 1H NMR spectra were acquired on these. Principal component analysis on the obtained NMR spectra demonstrated clear effects of diet on the plasma metabolite profile, and partial least squares regression discriminant analysis on the spectra revealed that the intensity of the spectral region at 3.29 ppm dominated the differentiation between the two diets, as the rye diet was associated with higher spectral intensity in this region. The 3.29 ppm signal is ascribed to N(CH3)3 protons in betaine, which may be an important contributor to the health promoting effects of rye.
Immunostimulatory properties of coffee mannans
Authors: Simões Joana , Madureira Pedro , Nunes Fernando M. , do Rosário Domingues Maria , Vilanova Manuel , Coimbra Manuel A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCoffee infusion mannans are acetylated polysaccharides containing single Galp and Araf residues as side chains of a β‐(1 → 4)‐Manp backbone. These mannans are structurally similar to the bioactive acetylated mannans from Aloe vera (AV). In this study, acetylated mannans were obtained from two coffee infusions prepared from light and dark roasted beans. These samples were tested for their immunostimulatory activity and compared with an extract of AV mannan and with locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannans. The coffee samples, as well as the AV extract, stimulated murine B‐ and T‐lymphocytes, as evaluated by the in vitro expression of the surface lymphocyte activation marker CD69, more marked on B‐ than on T‐lymphocytes. In coffee samples, contrarily to the AV, no proliferative effect was noticed. LBG sample did not show any immunostimulatory activity. Because the material that remains in the residue of the hot water extraction was still very rich in mannans, a sequential extraction was performed and a main fraction was recovered with a 4 M NaOH solution. Because this material was insoluble in water, a partial acetylation was performed. These polysaccharides also showed immunostimulatory activity, opening the possibility of exploitation of coffee infusion and coffee residue as sources of bioactive polysaccharides.
Dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones modulate responses to estradiol in estrogen reporter mice
Authors: Penttinen‐Damdimopoulou Pauliina E. , Power Krista A. , Hurmerinta Teija T. , Nurmi Tarja , van der Saag Paul T. , Mäkelä Sari I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDietary phytoestrogens, such as the lignan metabolite enterolactone (ENL) and the isoflavone genistein (GEN), are suggested to modulate the risk of estrogen‐dependent disease (e.g., breast cancer) through regulation of estrogen signaling. However, the effects of complex food items containing lignans or isoflavones on estrogen receptor (ER) transactivation have not been assessed so far. In this study, the modulation of ER‐mediated signaling by dietary sources of lignans (cereals and flaxseed) and isoflavones (soy) was studied in vivo. Adult ovariectomized 3×ERE‐luciferase (luc) reporter mice received isocaloric diets supplemented with flaxseed, rye, wheat, or soy for 40 h or two weeks, and an additional group of mice was challenged with 17β‐estradiol (E2) following the two‐week dietary intervention. In non‐E2‐treated mice, soy diet induced luc expression in liver, mammary gland, and pituitary gland while the other diets had no effects. Interestingly, all diets modulated the E2‐induced luc expression. In particular rye diet efficiently reduced E2‐induced luc expression as well as uterine growth, the hallmark of estrogen action in vivo. It is concluded that dietary sources of lignans and isoflavones can modulate estrogen signaling in vivo. The results suggest intriguing possibilities for the modulation of the risk of estrogen‐dependent diseases by dietary means.
New tricyclic and tetracyclic pyranocoumarins with an unprecedented C‐4 substituent. Structure elucidation of tamanolide, tamanolide D and tamanolide P from Calophyllum inophyllum of French Polynesia
Authors: Leu T. , Raharivelomanana P. , Soulet S. , Bianchini J.P. , Herbette G. , Faure R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree new pyranocoumarin derivatives, tamanolide (1), tamanolide D (2) and tamanolide P (3), were isolated from the almond seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiaceae) grown in French Polynesia. These compounds, having an unprecedented C‐4 isobutyl substituent, have been characterized as a new class of pyranocoumarins called tamanolides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (COSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) in association with MS (HR‐ESI‐MS) data analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐modified epoxy/amine system for reactive rotational moulding: crosslinking kinetics and rheological properties
Authors: Mounif Eskandar , Liang Genhai G , Cook Wayne D , Bellenger Veronique , Tcharkhatchi Aabbas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The rotational moulding of thermosetting resins is hampered by their low viscosity and the abrupt increase in their viscosity as they polymerize. This study investigates the use of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as a rheological processing aid in reactive blends of an aromatic diepoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A, DGEBA) and an aromatic diamine (diethyltoluenediamine, DETDA) by studying the miscibility, curing, rheology, dynamic properties and morphology of the uncured solutions and of the resulting highly crosslinked polymer blends.RESULTS:The PMMA was miscible in the uncured resins as expected from consideration of their solubility parameters, and the effect of PMMA concentration on the glass transition temperature, measured via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was fitted to several models. Addition of PMMA significantly increased the viscosity of the uncured blend which obeyed the log‐additivity rule. The curing behaviour was monitored using DSC, infrared spectroscopy and dynamic rheology and it was found that addition of PMMA caused a small reduction in rate due to a dilution effect. The dynamic and steady shear rheologies were used to determine the gel point and gel relaxation index. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis provided evidence for phase separation of the components into PMMA‐rich domains and an epoxy‐rich matrix and this was confirmed with electron microscopy studies.CONCLUSION:These results indicate that addition of small amounts of PMMA to DGEBA/DETDA enlarges the processing window with regards to the rotational moulding of thermosets. In addition, the blending of small amounts (ca10 wt%) of PMMA with the DGEBA/DETDA resin appears to cause only a modest sacrifice in thermal resistance. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The missing parameter in rheology: hidden solid‐like correlations in viscous liquids, polymer melts and glass formers
Authors: Noirez Laurence , Baroni Patrick , Mendil‐Jakani Hakima 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Determination of dynamic relaxation consists of measuring the viscous and the elastic components of a material by generally applying a small (oscillatory) deformation. The shear stress is transmitted to the material via contact with a substrate. Dating at least back to Stokes, the no‐slip boundary condition between the fluid and the substrate is supposed to be fulfilled during this measurement. We show that the viscoelastic parameters of fluids are usually not determined under no‐slip boundary conditions and do not originate from the first linear regime. Viscous and viscoelastic fluids (entangled and unentangled polymers, glass formers) measured under no‐slip conditions exhibit a fundamentally different response with a dominant terminal solid‐like response.RESULTS: We show that the terminal behaviour of fluids such as liquid polymers or glass formers measured at the sub‐millimetre scale and far above the glass transition is not viscous but solid‐like. Instead of a viscoelastic behaviour scaling as ω and ω2 (ω is the frequency) for the viscous and the elastic moduli, respectively, the dynamic response is simplified; for low gap thickness, both viscous and elastic moduli are invariant with respect to the frequency (with the elastic modulus being larger than the viscous modulus) and enhanced by two to four orders of magnitude compared to the conventional viscoelastic response. Over a critical strain amplitude, the solid‐like response decreases and is progressively replaced by the conventional viscoelastic behaviour. We discuss the implications of this observation and reconsider the assumptions inherent to a rheology measurement.CONCLUSION: The identification of so far neglected macroscopic elasticity in the fluidic state far above the glass transition temperature in entangled and unentangled polymers and glass formers shows that the liquid state is dominated by long range intermolecular interactions. This information is fundamental to understand and to foresee dynamic behaviour; it sheds further light on nonlinear phenomena such as large time scale relaxations, rheo‐thinning, violation of the no‐slip boundary condition and spectacular shear‐induced instabilities (spurt effect, ‘shark‐skin’ instabilities, gross melt fracture, etc.) that are unpredictable in the frame of the conventional viscoelastic approach. It also implies that the viscoelastic times (reptation, Rouse) in polymers are not the longest relaxation times of these materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Predictors of change in unmet supportive care needs in cancer
Authors: McDowell M. E. , Occhipinti S. , Ferguson M. , Dunn J. , Chambers S. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) assessments can assist health professionals to tailor their health practices to the individual needs of patients and improve patient care over time. The present study assessed prospective predictors of unmet supportive care needs in cancer patients over a six‐month period.Methods: Participants were recruited from a regional cancer treatment centre in Australia and completed the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS) at recruitment (n=439; 61.4% response rate) and six months follow‐up (n=396). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify predictors of change in unmet needs across each supportive care domain. Predictor variables were socio‐demographic, treatment and psychosocial factors including depression, anxiety, social support, and patient satisfaction.Results: Unmet needs were reported by approximately two‐thirds of patients at baseline and half of patients at six months follow‐up. Having unmet needs at baseline was the strongest predictor of unmet needs at six months. Longer time since diagnosis was a consistent predictor of greater unmet needs, associated with change in physical/daily living, psychological and health system and information unmet needs over time. By contrast, a complex relationship was found in that patient satisfaction, psychosocial and treatment characteristics predicted higher needs in some domains and lower needs in others.Conclusions: Unmet supportive care needs persist over time and psychological needs may emerge later in the illness continuum. Interventions to meet the needs of longer term cancer survivors are needed and should closely articulate with reported supportive care needs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field Emission Enhancement in Ion Implanted Ultra‐nanocrystalline Diamond Films
Authors: Palathinkal Thomas Joseph , Tai Nyan‐Hwa , Lee Chi‐Young , Niu Huan , Cheng Hsiu‐Fung , Pong Way‐Faung , Lin I‐Nan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of B and N ion implantation on structural and electron field emission (EFE) properties of ultra‐nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films are reported. Low‐dose (1012 ions/cm2) B ion implantation & annealing processes insignificantly changed the EFE properties, high‐dose (1015 ions/cm2) ion implantation & annealing processes resulted in surface graphitization for UNCD films. While the field emission property of UNCD films was greatly improved due to the N ion implantation & annealing processes, they were degraded due to B ion implantations & annealing processes. Such a phenomenon is accounted for by the fact that N ions residing in grain boundaries can convert the UNCD grains into semi‐conducting by charge‐transfer process, whereas B ions react with carbon forming covalent bonds and are not transferring the charges with UNCD grains.
Improvement of the Adhesion of a Galvanic Metallization of Polymers by Surface Functionalization Using Dielectric Barrier Discharges at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Borris Jochen , Dohse Antje , Hinze Alena , Thomas Michael , Klages Claus‐Peter , Möbius Andreas , Elbick Danica , Weidlich Ernst‐Rudolf 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn environmentally friendly plasma amination process for the activation of polymers prior to electroless metallization using dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) at atmospheric pressure was investigated. One focus of the work was on the correlation between plasma parameters and palladium coverage on the polymer on the one hand and the palladium coverage and adhesion of a galvanic copper metallization on the other hand. Using XPS spectroscopy it was found that a DBD treatment of polyimide (PI) films with mixtures of N2 and H2 leads to considerably higher Pd surface concentrations than on untreated reference samples or foils treated in air‐DBD. The Pd coverages achieved result in peel strengths of a copper metallization of up to 1.4 N · mm−1.
The Role of Modulated IR Radiometry Measurements in the Characterization of ZrON Thin Films
Authors: Macedo Francisco , Carvalho Pedro , Cunha Luís , Vaz Filipe , Gibkes Jurgen , Bein Bruno K. , Pelzl Josef 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis work is devoted to the investigation of relevant thermal transport parameters of multifunctional ZrOxNy thin films, prepared in strict controlled conditions. Composition and structural characterizations revealed the existence of two different types of films, with a structural change from fcc ZrN to Zr3N4‐type. Modulated IR radiometry was used to screen out these internal changes, and also to prove its importance and application viability within complicate systems such as thin films. The thermal diffusion time of the coatings and the ratio of the thermal effusivities coating‐to‐substrate were directly determined. Empirical correlations between processing conditions, the films' composition and structure, and thermal transport properties were found.
A Comparative Study on the Photocatalytic and Gas Sensing Properties of Pure and N‐doped TiO2 thin Films
Authors: Delan Annekatrin , Karuppasamy Alagarsamy , Schultheiß Eberhard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA correlation between the photocatalytic efficiency and gas sensitivity has been attempted on pure and N‐doped TiO2 thin films prepared by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The physical properties are studied. The gas sensing behavior in pure and nitrogen doped TiO2 thin films could be realized at low temperature. The measurements start at 130 °C. The nitrogen doped TiO2 (3 sccm) has no sensitivity for oxygen. All sensors have sensitivity to hydrogen. If the temperature is increased the sensitivity is increased. All samples show photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic and gas sensing properties have no significant correlations.
Nanostructured Alloy Layers With Magnetic Properties Obtained by the Impulse Plasma Deposition
Authors: Nowakowska‐Langier Katarzyna , Zdunek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe main purpose of our work was to study the growth mechanism during the impulse plasma deposition (IPD) and its influence on the structure and the magnetic properties of the FeTi layers. The deposition processes were conducted by the use of the IPD method in an apparatus equipped with two independent and alternatively working coaxial accelerators of impulse plasma. The properties of the layers allowed to discuss the role of the atom mixing processes for phase structure formation. The comparison between the properties of the FeTi layers and previously studied the FeCu layers were discussed.