bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Patients With Different Ethnic Backgrounds
Authors: Kim Ti‐Sun , Frank Patrick , Eickholz Peter , Eick Sigrun , Kim Chong Kwan 
Published: December 2009

Background: The identification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) serotypes may add some important information to the understanding of the pathogenetic background of severe periodontal infections. This study compared serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in two groups of periodontal patients with different ethnic backgrounds.Methods: A total of 194 patients (96 Germans and 98 Koreans) with aggressive or severe chronic periodontitis participated in the study. Microbiologic analysis of pooled samples from subgingival plaque was performed by using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for A. actinomycetemcomitans. In patients who tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, serotypes (a through f) were determined by nucleic acid‐based methods.Results: The prevalence of patients who tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans with the real‐time PCR was comparable in both groups (Germans: 27.0%; Koreans: 22.2%). In German patients, the serotypes detected most frequently were b (33.3%), c (25.0%), and a (20.8%), whereas in Korean patients, the serotype distribution was different, with serotypes c (61.9%) and d (19.0%) accounting for >80% of the complete serotype spectrum.Conclusion: Even if the percentage of patients who tested positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans was identical in patients with generalized aggressive and severe chronic periodontitis and different ethnic backgrounds, the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes may exhibit marked differences.
A Clinical Study of 406 Sinus Augmentations With 100% Anorganic Bovine Bone
Authors: Ferreira Carlos E.A. , Novaes Arthur B. , Haraszthy Violet I. , Bittencourt Márcio , Martinelli Carolina B. , Luczyszyn Sonia M. 
Published: December 2009

Background: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the use of anorganic bovine bone (ABB) associated with a collagen membrane (CM) for a sinus graft by means of clinical, histologic, and radiographic parameters in cases with bone availability ≤7 mm. A preliminary evaluation consisted of a clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), and a panoramic x‐ray.Methods: Ninety‐two patients requiring bilateral sinus grafts and 222 requiring unilateral procedures (total: 406 sinuses) participated in this study. A total of 1,025 implants were placed in the grafted sinuses. A total of 118 implants were placed simultaneously with the sinus graft (one stage), and 907 implants were placed in a subsequent surgery (two stages), 6 to 12 months after the graft was performed. In seven cases, a biopsy was harvested for histomorphometric analysis. Recall appointments were scheduled every 6 months, and panoramic and periapical x‐rays were required every year for 3 years.Results: Among 1,025 implants, 19 were lost (survival rate: 98.1%). The difference in survival rates for implants placed in native bone ≤3 mm (98.1%), >3 to ≤5 mm (98.6%), and >5 to ≤7 mm (97.0%) was not statistically significant (P = 0.3408). The survival rates for implants with rough and machined surfaces (98.6% and 97.0%, respectively) were not statistically significant (P = 0.0840). The histomorphometric analysis showed new bone formation (39.0% ± 12%), marrow space (52.9% ± 9.3%), and residual ABB (8% ± 2.7%).Conclusion: Our results indicated that 1,025 implants placed in sinuses grafted exclusively with ABB combined with CM led to an excellent and predictable survival rate of 98.1%.
Gene Clustering Analysis in Human Osseous Remodeling
Authors: Sbordone Ludovico , Sbordone Carolina , Filice Natalia , Menchini‐Fabris GiovanBattista , Baldoni Marco , Toti Paolo 
Published: December 2009

Background: Tentative bioinformatic predictions were performed to comprehend the complexity of the gene interaction networks of the T lymphocyte cell cycle and of human periodontitis. This study aims to identify and rank genes involved in osseous augmentation or bone remodeling to obtain groups with more numerous predicted associations called the leader gene clusters.Methods: An iterative search (consisting of a consecutive expansion‐filtering loop) was performed for which only genes involved in a specific process were identified. For each gene, predicted associations with all other involved genes were obtained from a Web‐available database (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) and the weighted number of links (WNL), given by the sum of only high‐confidence predicted associations (results with a score ≥0.9), allowing gene ranking. Genes belonging to higher clustering classes were identified.Results: A total of 161 genes potentially involved in bone‐volume augmentation and 128 genes connected with the bone‐remodeling phenomenon were identified. For the bone‐volume augmentation process, only one gene belonged to the leader gene group, whereas six other genes were classified as cluster B genes; for the bone‐remodeling phenomenon, three leader genes were identified, whereas six other genes formed the cluster B group. No one gene belonged to leader gene clusters of both processes, whereas one gene of each higher cluster group belonged to the immediately lower cluster of the opposite process. Only three genes of the higher clusters were experimentally involved in both analyses.Conclusions: A de novo identification was performed based on the data mining of leader genes involved in bone‐volume augmentation or bone remodeling to acquire primeval information about their molecular basis and to plan future ad hoc targeted experiments. For several genes of the upper clusters, an active role in the bone processes was already known, but the present analysis suggested that they play a major role in the analyzed phenomena. The role of the transcription factors as leader genes and the numerous orphan genes (genes with WNL = 0) recovered probably attest to a lack of information regarding these processes, which could be further clarified through specific DNA microarray experiments.
Mercury Exposure and Periodontitis Among a Korean Population: The Shiwha‐Banwol Environmental Health Study
Authors: Han Dong‐Hun , Lim Sin‐Ye , Sun Bo‐Cheng , Janket Sok‐Ja , Kim Jin‐Bom , Paik Dai‐Il , Paek Domyung , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: December 2009

Background: The oral effect of chronic low‐level mercury exposure is not completely understood. This study examined whether mercury exposure is associated with periodontitis.Methods: This study cross‐sectionally surveyed 1,328 residents (598 males and 730 females) from the prospective Shiwha and Banwol cohort in Korea from July 2005 to August 2006 at baseline. Two dentists assessed periodontitis, an outcome, using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI): CPI 3 or 4 and CPI 0 to 2 were classified as periodontitis and non‐periodontitis, respectively. The hair mercury level, the predictor, was analyzed. The mercury level was categorized according to the reference dose of the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States: normal = <1 ppm and high = ≥1 ppm. Age, gender, economic status, smoking, frequency of daily toothbrushing, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity were assessed as confounders. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the adjusted association. Subgroup analyses for gender were also performed.Results: Mercury exposure was independently associated with periodontitis (odds ratio = 3.17). Males with high mercury levels had a 50.0% higher probability of having periodontitis than females with normal mercury levels. Of them, the interaction effect between the body burden of mercury and gender was 39.0%. The odds ratio between periodontitis and high mercury levels was higher for males than females (95% confidence interval: 0.99 to 2.23 versus 0.59 to 1.26, respectively).Conclusions: These results suggest that mercury exposure had an independent association with periodontitis. High body‐burden mercury in males might be a contributory factor linked with periodontitis.
Approximate analytical solutions of the effective mass Dirac equation for the generalized Hulthén potential with any κ-value
Authors: Arda Altuğ , Sever Ramazan , Tezcan Cevdet 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The Dirac equation, with position-dependent mass, is solved approximately for the generalized Hulthén potential with any spin-orbit quantum number κ. Solutions are obtained by using an appropriate coordinate transformation, reducing the effective mass Dirac equation to a Schrödinger-like differential equation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. Numerical results are compared with those given in the literature. Analytical results are also obtained for the case of constant mass and the results are in good agreement with the literature.
Diagnostic significance of anti-annexin-A5 antibody determination
Authors: Baleva Marta , Hristova Maria , Nikolov Krasimir 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Anti-annexin A5 antibodies are directed against annexin A5 — a phospholipid-binding protein that belongs to the ubiquitous annexin family. These antibodies were first discovered in 1994 by Matsuda et al. in women with recurrent fetal loss or preeclampsia and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and positive lupus anticoagulant and/or anticardiolipin antibodies. Since then anti-annexin A5 antibodies have been the focus of research. In addition to their well known prothrombotic and procoagulant activities the authors discuss the involvement of these antibodies in the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome, recurrent pregnancy loss, systemic lupus erythematosus and other immune and non-immune disorders. Controversial reports are presented and a possible interpretation of the results is given. The authors suggest the significance of anti-annexin A5 antibodies as an additional diagnostic marker and discuss the necessity of more extensive research on their clinical significance.
Late Miocene volcanic activity in the České středohoří Mountains (Ohře/Eger Graben, northern Bohemia)
Authors: Cajz Vladimír , Rapprich Vladislav , Erban Vojtěch , Pécskay Zoltan , Radoň Miroslav 
Published: December 2009

Late Miocene volcanic activity in the České středohoří Mountains (Ohře/Eger Graben, northern Bohemia)First occurrences of superficial bodies of Late Miocene volcanic activity were found in the western part of the České středohoří Volcanic Complex (CSVC) and extended our knowledge of its volcanostratigraphy. Their K-Ar ages (9.59, 9.61 and 11.36 Ma) correspond to the age of alkaline basaltic rocks of the youngest known Intrusive Suite of this area. Unlike the previously known subvolcanic bodies of this system, the newly observed bodies are represented by superficial products: two scoria cones with remnants of lava flows and one exclusive lava flow produced from a lava cone. The magmas forming all three occurrences are basanitic. Their primitive chemical composition Sr (0.70347-0.70361) and Nd (0.51279-0.51284) isotope ratios are similar to the products of the first and third volcanic formation of the CSVC. The proved existence of superficial products of the youngest volcanic formation, together with clear superposition relations to sedimentary formations and the chemical character of the youngest magmas in the central part of the Ohře (Eger) Graben support the stratigraphic scheme of volcanic activity in the České středohoří Mts. The eruptive style of the youngest formation volcanoes was purely magmatic (Strombolian) with no phreatic influence.
Ergonomics, Software and Geophysical Interpretation
Authors: Wood S. Bart , Peres S. Camille , Akladios Magdy , Kortum Philip , Muddimer Andrew W. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) negatively impacts the health and productivity of individuals and corporations. In 2006 the Bureau of Labor and Statistics reported that Repetitive Strain Injuries accounted for 30% of total workplace injuries and illnesses in America. RSI burdens American employers with annual costs as high as twenty billion dollars [2]. Many companies operate internal programs that attempt to mitigate the risk of RSI to improve the health and well being of their employees. Existing corporate programs typically focus on physical workstation set up and mechanisms that assist workers to take breaks at regular intervals. These strategies can be successful but they require active participation from workers to be effective and they do not examine one of the fundamental activities users perform while sitting at a computer, which is interacting with computer software.
ExxonMobil1, Schlumberger, University of Houston-Clear Lake and Rice University have joined efforts to develop tools that can be used to measure and understand computer software's impact on the incidents of RSI. One of our primary goals is to create a short survey that measures software's potential impact on RSI. When companies are considering purchasing software, decision makers can use the survey measurements as part of their efforts to manage and mitigate the risk of RSI more effectively. Companies that design software for internal or external distribution can also make use of this information to design software that is more ergonomic.

Introduction:
Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD) and/or Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) result from micro-traumas, that, if taken one by one, would not result in a noticeable injury, but when these micro-traumas occur repeatedly over short periods of time, their cumulative effect can result in an injury [1]. A micro-trauma could be someone having direct contact with a hard surface. This hard surface can put pressure on a variety of body parts including nerves, tendons, muscles, and may also interfere with blood flow. Another example is when someone holds his or her hand in an awkward position for an extended period of time. This static posture puts strain on the nerves, muscles, and tendons. The likelihood of injury increases significantly if the micro-traumas go untreated or people do not rest between the micro-traumas. Other factors that may lead to injuries may also include environmental factors, repetition, and forceful muscle exertion.
Water Injection Monitoring Techniques For Minagish Oolite Reservoir In West Kuwait
Authors: Das Om Prakash , Aslam Muhammad , Bahuguna Rakesh , Al-Enezi Khalaf , Hussain Al-Shatti Mohammed , Tahani Yousef Al-Rashidi 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Water flooding is the most successful and widely used process for effective pressure maintenance and enhancing the oil recovery because water is widely available and inexpensive relative to other fluids, easy to inject, and highly efficient in displacing oil. For water floods, through continuous surveillance plan, reservoir monitoring and water front tracking results in improving sweep efficiency and enhancing the overall oil recovery.
Minagish Oolite (MO) reservoir is a mature reservoir having long production history along with water injection from several years as a primary means of pressure maintenance. In MO reservoir, two types of water injection methods are implemented i.e. power water injection (PWI) and Dump Flood Injection (DFI).
For water injection monitoring and water front tracking a semi analytical model is developed for MO reservoir based on radius of injected cool water front superimposed over seismic and geological cross-sections to monitor the water front position at real time inside MO reservoir. The radius of expanding cool injected water front is obtained by saturation logs (TDT) and layer wise cumulative water injection at various points across the formation. The layer wise cumulative water injection is calculated from production logs on injectors as well as nearby offset producers.
The water injection monitoring techniques based on focused surveillance program and semi analytical model has been developed for both DFI (Dump Flood Injectors) and PWI (Power Water Injectors) which is used for improving water flood conformance in MO reservoir.
In case of MO reservoir the semi analytical model along with Hall plot and its derivative function at sand face is found to be an alternative to pressure transient analysis,
pressure fall off tests, injection tests and tracer survey analysis used for water front tracking and water injection conformance. The methodology has proven to be the best tool for monitoring the performance of both PWI and DFI wells in Minagish Oolite reservoir.
Based on the water conformance modeling, the correct decisions regarding the various workover related to water injectors as well as producers were taken to control the injection water movement through faults, channels and high permeability layers inside MO reservoir. This in turn resulted in uniform pressure maintenance, reduction in water cut as well as minimizing the risks of by passing the oil behind the injectors.
Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Assessment in a Gas Processing Plant
Authors: Said Yousef , Abufour Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
A Saudi Aramco Gas processing Plant commissioned in 1980 to process wet sour gas streams and produce dry sweet sales gas in addition Natural Gas Liquid (NGL). A detailed assessment study was conducted in this plant pertaining to Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC). Corrosion loops were established for the sour environment and revealed that HIC is one of the potential damage mechanisms that could affect the sour gas system. HIC is susceptible to be presented in the sour gas system because of the following criteria:•Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration is ranging from 2–41 mol% which equivalent to 20,000–410,000 ppm of H2S.•Piping and vessels were fabricated by non HIC resistant material.•Present of element sulfur in the streams.•Temperature ranging from 120–280 ???F.•Present of free water in the fluid stream.

INTRODUCTION
Hydrogen atoms are generated by corrosion reaction of H2S and Fe in present of free water. The hydrogen atoms, which have the smallest atomic elements are diffuses into steel and traps in mill laminations or voids. Then, every two atoms combine together to form hydrogen molecular. As per the below the reaction in present of water
The trapped molecular hydrogen in the mill laminations or voids will have high internal pressure which will cause hydrogen blistering or cracking. For illustration, see Figure #1 to illustrate the reaction. And Figure #2 to illustrate the diffusion mechanism of hydrogen in the mill laminations or voids. Figure #3 an actual internal hydrogen blistering. Figure #4 an actual external hydrogen blistering.
The mechanism of HIC is similar to that for hydrogen blistering. If two or more adjacent blisters are close enough so that the crack tips are overlap, a series of stepwise cracks (SWC) will be developed. In this stage, a potential dangerous situation which could lead to rapture and gas leak. As shown in Figure # 5 and Figure #6.
Robotics for Horizontal Image Acquisition in Ultra Slim Wells in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Awami Nassar Adnan , Khalsa Kanwal Bahadur Singh , Pinero Nelson Oscar , Al-Baggal Zaki Abdullah , Mumen Adib , Zainaddin Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The cost savings that are possible by sidetracking existing wellbores make the drilling and completion of ultra slim lateral wells very desirable. Obtaining image logs from horizontal wells, less than 6" diameter, has always been a challenge, because the size of conventional borehole imaging tools that currently exist on the market are simply too large. In addition, conventional deployment methods limit efficient rig time utilization and ultimately lead to higher cost. New conveyance and logging technology from Welltec® (the Well Tractor®) and Weatherford (The Compact Micro Imager - CMI) allows operators to obtain excellent image logs in slim wells as small as 3" in diameter. Image logs are required to properly understand fracture details and to help in future drilling and completion decisions.
This paper describes the logging operational experience of the CMI and the world's first slim hole imaging logs in Saudi Arabia deployed by the wireline tractor 218XR (XR: Extended Reach) in an open hole horizontal section.

Introduction
Workover operations are a major part of any oil field operator. Well maintenance and repair is performed during workover operations. Repairs include replacement of completion string, casing patch, perforation shut-off, etc. In addition, re-entry and horizontal drilling and open hole completion technology has enabled the operators to increase production and recovery rates from declining fields and short interval pay zones.

Abqaiq Field
Initially the field was developed by drilling vertical producers. The remaining oil column is short and can go as low as 3 to 4 ft in some areas. With field in production, water cut has increased with time. One strategy to save cost of drilling new wells is to re-visit old vertical wells and complete them as horizontal producers.
The re-entry horizontal drilling methodology for Abqaiq field has evolved over time. Due to the original 7" cased hole production completion, a 6??? window is cut for sidetrack in the 7" casing and curve section is drilled to above target formation and a 4½" or 5" liner is run to isolate the high-pressure water formation just above pay formation.
After casing off the curve section, drilling proceeds with 3??? or 4??? horizontal hole in the target formation until reaching total depth (TD).
Leadership Influence in Safety Change Process
Authors: Malallah Sami Hussain 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Behavioral-based Safety is a well-established method for changing workers behavior and incident rates. However, a variety of approaches exist, some of which are more effective than others. To determine the most effective design of a behavioral safety process, a review of Behavioral-based Safety field studies was conducted from a safety practitioner's viewpoint focused entirely on the degree of behavioral change and incident reduction resulting from different types of implementation. The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate how individual feedback coming from the observer at worksite to the worker could make the worker change his at-risk behavior to safe behavior. The paper will investigate management communications and group feedback affect to increase the observers' contribution to the behavior-based safety process. The paper will display the importance and direct effect of the leader role in driving safety processes and programs. Remarkable improvement in workers behavior was seen when an active leader was assigned to the Behavior-based Safety process and a dedicated committee was helping him.
Observers willingly participate in the behavior-based safety process. They perform site observations to improve workplace safety. The leader's feedback on their individual performance and the progress of the behavior-based safety process helped them believing in the process. Which in fact, increased the number of observations, and consequently the safe behavior record improved.