bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Azathioprine Leads to Higher Incorporation of 6-Thioguanine in DNA of Skin than Liver: The Protective Role of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway
Authors: Kalra Sukirti , Zhang Ying , Knatko Elena V. , Finlayson Stewart , Yamamoto Masayuki , Dinkova-Kostova Albena T. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Azathioprine is a widely used anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anticancer agent. However, chronic treatment with this drug is associated with a profoundly increased risk (in certain cases by more than 100-fold) of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Incorporation of its ultimate metabolite, thio-dGTP, in DNA results in partial substitution of guanine with 6-thioguanine which, combined with exposure to UVA radiation, creates a source of synergistic mutagenic damage to DNA. We now report that oral treatment with azathioprine leads to a much greater incorporation of 6-thioguanine in DNA of mouse skin than liver. These higher levels of 6-thioguanine, together with the fact that the skin is constantly exposed to UV radiation from the sun, may be responsible, at least in part, for the increased susceptibility of this organ to tumor development. Genetic upregulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, a major cellular regulator of the expression of a network of cytoprotective genes, reduces the incorporation of 6-thioguanine in DNA of both skin and liver following treatment with azathioprine. Similarly, pharmacologic activation of the pathway by the potent inducer sulforaphane results in lower 6-thioguanine incorporation in DNA and protects 6-thioguanine–treated cells against oxidative stress following exposure to UVA radiation. Protection is accompanied by increased levels of glutathione and induction of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4, an organic anion efflux pump that also exports nucleoside monophosphate analogues. Our findings suggest that activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway could reduce the risk for skin cancer in patients receiving long-term azathioprine therapy. Cancer Prev Res; 4(10); 1665–74. ©2011 AACR.
Aspirin, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Acetaminophen, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: a Clinic-Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Tan Xiang-Lin , Lombardo Kaye M. Reid , Bamlet William R. , Oberg Ann L. , Robinson Dennis P. , Anderson Kristin E. , Petersen Gloria M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) show indisputable promise as cancer chemoprevention agents. However, studies have been inconsistent as to whether aspirin has a protective effect in development of pancreatic cancer. To further evaluate the association between aspirin, NSAID, and acetaminophen use with pancreatic cancer risk, we used a clinic-based case–control study of 904 rapidly ascertained histologically or clinically documented pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases, and 1,224 age- and sex-matched healthy controls evaluated at Mayo Clinic from April 2004 to September 2010. Overall, there is no relationship between non-aspirin NSAID or acetaminophen use and risk of pancreatic cancer. Aspirin use for 1 d/mo or greater was associated with a significantly decreased risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60–0.91, P = 0.005) compared with never or less than 1 d/mo. Analysis by frequency and frequency-dosage of use categories showed reduced risk (P = 0.007 and 0.022, respectively). This inverse association was also found for those who took low-dose aspirin for heart disease prevention (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92, P = 0.013). In subgroup analyses, the association between aspirin use and pancreatic cancer was not significantly affected by pancreatic cancer stage, smoking status, or body mass index. Our data suggest that aspirin use, but not non-aspirin NSAID use, is associated with lowered risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 4(11); 1835–41. ©2011 AACR.
Association of Meat Intake and Meat-Derived Mutagen Exposure with the Risk of Colorectal Polyps by Histologic Type
Authors: Fu Zhenming , Shrubsole Martha J. , Smalley Walter E. , Wu Huiyun , Chen Zhi , Shyr Yu , Ness Reid M. , Zheng Wei 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The association of meat intake and meat-derived mutagens with colorectal tumor risk remains unclear. We evaluated this hypothesis in a large colonoscopy-based case–control study. Included in the study were 2,543 patients with polyp [(1,881 with adenomas and 622 with hyperplastic polyp (HPP)] and 3,764 polyp-free controls. Surveys obtained information about meat intake by cooking methods and doneness levels plus other suspected or known risk factors for colorectal tumors. Unconditional logistic regression was used to derive ORs after adjusting for potential confounders. High intake of red meat and processed meat (Ptrend &lt; 0.05), particularly red meat cooked using high-temperature cooking methods (Ptrend ≤ 0.01), was associated with an elevated risk for colorectal polyps. A significant positive association between exposures to meat-derived heterocyclic amines (HCA) and risk of polyps was found for both adenomas and HPPs. Furthermore, the positive association with red meat intake and HCA exposure was stronger for multiple adenomas than for single adenoma as well as for serrated than for nonserrated adenomas. This study supports a role for red meat and meat-derived mutagen exposure in the development of colorectal tumor. Cancer Prev Res; 4(10); 1686–97. ©2011 AACR.
Prospective Investigation of Poultry and Fish Intake in Relation to Cancer Risk
Authors: Daniel Carrie R. , Cross Amanda J. , Graubard Barry I. , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Park Yikyung , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDietary guidelines advise consumers to limit intake of red meat and choose lean protein sources, such as poultry and fish. Poultry consumption has been steadily increasing in the United States, but the effect on cancer risk remains unclear. In a large U.S. cohort, we prospectively investigated poultry and fish intake and cancer risk across a range of malignancies in men and women. Diet was assessed at baseline (1995–1996) with a food frequency questionnaire in 492,186 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Over a mean follow-up of 9 years, we identified 74,418 incident cancer cases. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we estimated the substitution and addition effects of white meat (poultry and fish) intake in relation to cancer risk. In substitution models with total meat intake held constant, a 10-g (per 1,000 kcal) increase in white meat intake offset by an equal decrease in red meat intake was associated with a statistically significant reduced (3%–20%) risk of cancers of the esophagus, liver, colon, rectum, anus, lung, and pleura. In addition models with red meat intake held constant, poultry intake remained inversely associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, and lung cancer, but we observed mixed findings for fish intake. As the dietary recommendations intend, the inverse association observed between white meat intake and cancer risk may be largely due to the substitution of red meat. Simply increasing fish or poultry intake, without reducing red meat intake, may be less beneficial for cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 4(11); 1903–11. ©2011 AACR.
The Effect of Transverse Shear Force on the Required Coefficient of Friction for Level Walking
Authors: Chang Wen-Ruey , Chang Chien-Chi , Matz Simon 
Published: July 2011

Objective: An enhanced methodology to extract the required coefficient of friction (RCOF) value was used to investigate the effects of the transverse shear component of the ground reaction force (GRF) on the RCOF. Background: The RCOF is an important indicator for slip incidents. However, the extraction of the RCOF from GRF is not standardized. The transverse shear force is usually ignored in calculating the RCOF value. Method: For this study, 40 participants performed four walking conditions. The RCOF values both with (RCOF2) and without (RCOF1) the transverse shear force were identified from each strike by the use of an enhanced method and were compared. Results: A total of 24,851 strikes were collected. The transverse component increased the RCOF value by more than 10% in 7.2% of the strikes. In 10.4% of the strikes, the RCOF2 occurred at least 20 ms earlier and the RCOF value was on average 8.9% larger than RCOF1. Conclusion: With this method, we were able to successfully identify the RCOF in a significantly large number of strikes across 40 participants. In a portion of the strikes, the transverse shear force increased the RCOF significantly. In a significant portion of the strikes, the RCOF2 occurred much earlier than RCOF1. Application: Better estimates of the RCOF magnitude and instant of occurrence could potentially improve risk assessment and identification of critical instants in gait.
Recovery of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Sinus Fungal Ball
Authors: Brook Itzhak 
Published: July 2011

This case study with chart review describes the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of specimens obtained from 47 patients with Aspergillus spp fungus ball. Bacteria were recovered from 32 of the 47 (68%) patients. Eighty‐six isolates, 29 aerobic and facultatives and 57 anaerobic, were recovered. Aerobic and facultatives only were recovered in 6 instances (19% of culture‐positive specimens), anaerobes only in 11 (34%), and mixed aerobes and anaerobes in 15 (47%). The predominant aerobes were Staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates), α‐hemolytic streptococci (5 isolates), Enterobacteriacae (4 isolates), and microaerophilic streptococci (4 isolates). The predominant anaerobes were Gram‐negative bacilli (26), Peptostreptococcus spp (14), and Fusobacterium spp. (10). Twenty‐two β‐lactamase–producing bacteria were recovered from 15 patients. These included all 6 S aureus and 2 Bacteroides fragilis group isolates, 4 of 10 of Fusobacteria, and 7 of 19 Prevotella and Porphyromonas. This study demonstrates the recovery of polymicrobial aerobic‐anaerobic flora in the sinuses of patients with fungus ball.
Rigorously defined hemicrania continua presenting bilaterally
Authors: Southerland Andrew M , Login Ivan S 
Published: July 2011

Background: Hemicrania continua (HC) is a headache syndrome characterized by continuous, unilateral head pain, autonomic features, and a complete therapeutic response to indomethacin. Although HC is classified as a unique entity among primary headache disorders, it clearly shares features with other primary headaches, including trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and chronic daily headaches, such as chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. In addition, the diagnosis is often delayed secondary to a relatively low incidence and the occurrence of some phenotypic variability as found in previous case series. Case: A 62-year-old woman presented with 5 months of unremitting, bilateral headache with significant autonomic symptoms during exacerbations of pain. Neurological examination and imaging studies were normal. After failure to respond to numerous previous therapeutic medicines and interventions, she experienced complete resolution following administration of indomethacin and eventual remission on sustained treatment. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that hemicrania continua with requisite autonomic features can occur in a purely bilateral form. Although the definitive aspects of HC continue to evolve, a bilateral headache meeting the current criteria warrants a therapeutic trial of indomethacin.
Long-term Results After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization Using Suture Anchors
Authors: van der Linde Just A. , van Kampen Derk A. , Terwee Caroline B. , Dijksman Lea M. , KleinJan G. , Willems W. Jaap 
Published: July 2011

Background: Arthroscopic stabilization using suture anchors is widely used to restore stability after anterior shoulder dislocations and is associated with low recurrence rates in short-term follow-up studies. Purpose: To evaluate the long-term follow-up after arthroscopic stabilization for traumatic recurrent anterior instability using suture anchors with emphasis on both redislocations and subjective shoulder function. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We included 67 consecutive patients with 70 affected shoulders. After 8 to 10 years, patients were asked to report the presence and course of their redislocations. Subjective shoulder function was addressed using the Oxford Instability Score (OIS), the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST). Patients rated their health status using the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Results: Sixty-five patients with 68 affected shoulders (97%) were evaluated for follow-up; 35% reported a redislocation. Median shoulder function scores were 16 of 12 to 60, 22 of 0 to 210, and 12 of 0 to 12 for the OIS, WOSI, and SST, respectively. There was a significant difference in subjective function between patients with and without recurrent instability, respectively, 16 versus 24 for the OIS ( P = .004), and 16 versus 47 for the WOSI ( P = .05). We found a trend for an inverse relationship between the number of suture anchors and recurrent instability, with 2 having a higher recurrence rate than 3 or more ( P = .06). Another trend was found with the presence of a Hill-Sachs defect slightly increasing the risk of a redislocation ( P = .07). Conclusion: With a follow-up of 97%, about one third of the stabilized shoulders experienced at least one redislocation after 8 to 10 years. The presence of a Hill-Sachs defect and the use of less than 3 suture anchors might increase the chance of a redislocation. Patients without a redislocation have a significantly better shoulder function compared with patients with a redislocation.
Grey matter damage and overall cognitive impairment in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tur C , Penny S , Khaleeli Z , Altmann DR , Cipolotti L , Ron M , Thompson AJ , Ciccarelli O 
Published: July 2011

Objectives: To identify associations between cognitive impairment and imaging measures in a cross-sectional study of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Methods: Neuropsychological tests were administered to 27 patients with PPMS and 31 controls. Patients underwent brain conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, volumetric scans and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging; MT ratio (MTR) parameters, grey matter (GM) and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) volumes, and WM T2 lesion load (T2LL) were obtained. In patients, multiple linear regression models identified the imaging measure associated with the abnormal cognitive tests independently from the other imaging variables. Partial correlation coefficients (PCC) were reported. Results: Patients performed worse on tests of attention/speed of visual information processing, delayed verbal memory, and executive function, and had a worse overall cognitive performance index, when compared with controls. In patients, a lower GM peak location MTR was associated with worse overall cognitive performance ( p < 0.001, PCC = 0.77). GM mean and peak height MTR showed the strongest association with the estimated verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) decline ( p < 0.001, PCC = -0.62), and executive function ( p < 0.001, PCC = 0.79). NAWM volume was associated with attention/speed of visual information processing ( p < 0.001, PCC = 0.74), while T2LL was associated with delayed verbal memory ( p = 0.007, PCC = -0.55). Conclusions: The finding of strong associations between GM MTR, NAWM volume and T2LL and specific cognitive impairments suggests that models that predict cognitive impairment in PPMS should include comprehensive MRI assessments of both GM and WM. However, GM MTR appears to be the main correlate of overall cognitive dysfunction, underlining the role of abnormal GM integrity in determining cognitive impairment in PPMS.
Lesions by tissue specific imaging characterize multiple sclerosis patients with more advanced disease
Authors: Bagnato Francesca , Ikonomidou Vasiliki N , van Gelderen Peter , Auh Sungyoung , Hanafy Jailan , Cantor Fredric K , Ohayon Joan , Richert Nancy , Duyn Jeff 
Published: July 2011

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid tissue specific imaging (CSF-TSI), a newly implemented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, allows visualization of a subset of chronic black holes (cBHs) with MRI characteristics suggestive of the presence of CSF-like fluid, and representing lesions with extensive tissue destruction. Objective: To investigate the relationship between lesions in CSF-TSI and disease measures in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Twenty-six patients with MS were imaged at 3.0 T, obtaining T1-weighted (T1-w) and T2-w spin echo (SE), T1 volumetric images and CSF-TSI images. We measured: (i) lesion volume (LV) in T1-w (cBH-LV) and T2-w SE images, and in CSF-TSI; (ii) brain parenchyma fraction (BPF). Differences between patients with and without CSF-TSI lesions were analyzed and association between clinical and MRI metrics were investigated. Results: cBHs were seen in 92% of the patients while lesions in CSF-TSI were seen in 40%. Patients with CSF-TSI lesions were older, with longer disease duration, higher disability scores, larger cBH-LV and T2-LV, and lower BPF than patients without CSF-TSI lesions (≤0.047). Partial correlation analysis correcting for T2-LV, cBH-LV and BPF showed an association ( p < 0.0001, r = 0.753) between CSF-TSI LV and disability score. Conclusions: CSF-TSI lesions characterize patients with more advanced disease and probably contribute to the progress of disability.
Hmong women, marital factors and mental health status
Authors: Vang Pa Der , Bogenschutz Matthew 
Published: July 2011

• Summary: An online survey was completed by Hmong women in the United States ( n = 186). The survey was distributed via listserves and websites frequently used by Hmong women, and solicited information about marital factors, presence and intensity of depressive symptoms, and socio-demographic circumstances. • Findings: The findings of this article indicate a significant relationship between marital abuse and depression among women married as teenagers when compared to non-abused women who married in adulthood. Excessive worry and feeling like everything takes great effort were the two most frequently reported indicators of depression reported by Hmong women in this sample. Additional marital and socio-demographic factors are explored in their relationship with depressive presentation. • Applications: These findings suggest that mental health practitioners working with Hmong women may need to be particularly attuned to issues of marital stressors related to traditional marriage practices and cultural stressors.
Testing a model of delinquency with Samoan adolescents
Authors: Godinet Meripa T 
Published: July 2011

• Summary: This study uses an integrative framework that includes various theories on delinquency to explain the relative contribution of factors on delinquency among Samoan adolescents and their overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System. Some 275 Samoan adolescents were recruited for the study from the states of Hawaii and Washington. Structural equation modeling was employed for the analysis. • Findings: Two models were analyzed. One model tested all the factors regardless of economic status. The full model fits the data well. The other model utilized economic conditions as a moderating factor (multigroup model). The multigroup invariance shows that the measurement model appears to fit better with the higher income group rather than the lower income group. The results suggest that while acculturative stress has a direct impact on delinquency, family cohesion can be a deterrent to high acculturative stress on delinquency particularly for the higher income group. The major hypothesis was confirmed by the data to show that there was a predictive relationship between involvement with antisocial peers and delinquency, and prosocial peers and no delinquency. However, it varied by income group. The higher income group showed a stronger predictive relationship of the involvement with prosocial peers and low delinquency. • Applications: Given the results, it is imperative for social workers to understand the impact of acculturation on family members and their family functioning. A better understanding of culture and how it operates within a family as well as an understanding of cultural identity is an important part of service to Samoan families.
Collaborative visualization: Definition, challenges, and research agenda
Authors: Isenberg Petra , Elmqvist Niklas , Scholtz Jean , Cernea Daniel , Kwan-Liu Ma  , Hagen Hans 
Published: July 2011

The conflux of two growing areas of technology – collaboration and visualization – into a new research direction, collaborative visualization, provides new research challenges. Technology now allows us to easily connect and collaborate with one another – in settings as diverse as over networked computers, across mobile devices, or using shared displays such as interactive walls and tabletop surfaces. Digital information is now regularly accessed by multiple people in order to share information, to view it together, to analyze it, or to form decisions. Visualizations are used to deal more effectively with large amounts of information while interactive visualizations allow users to explore the underlying data. While researchers face many challenges in collaboration and in visualization, the emergence of collaborative visualization poses additional challenges, but it is also an exciting opportunity to reach new audiences and applications for visualization tools and techniques. The purpose of this article is (1) to provide a definition, clear scope, and overview of the evolving field of collaborative visualization, (2) to help pinpoint the unique focus of collaborative visualization with its specific aspects, challenges, and requirements within the intersection of general computer-supported cooperative work and visualization research, and (3) to draw attention to important future research questions to be addressed by the community. We conclude by discussing a research agenda for future work on collaborative visualization and urge for a new generation of visualization tools that are designed with collaboration in mind from their very inception.
Influence of the Hip on Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Meira Erik P. , Brumitt Jason 
Published: July 2011

Context: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common conditions limiting athletes. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that dysfunction at the hip may be a contributing factor in PFPS. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1950–September 2010), CINAHL (1982–September 2010), and SPORTDiscus (1830–September 2010) were searched to identify relevant research to this report. Study Selection: Studies were included assessing hip strength, lower extremity kinematics, or both in relation to PFPS were included. Data Extraction: Studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, prospective epidemiology, case-control epidemiology, and cross-sectional descriptive epidemiology in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. Results: PFPS is associated with decreased hip strength, specifically at the abductors and external rotators. There is a correlation between PFPS and faulty hip mechanics (adduction and internal rotation). Conclusions: There is a link between the strength and position of the hip and PFPS. These patients have a common deficit once symptomatic. Hip strengthening and a coordination program may be useful in a conservative treatment plan for PFPS.