bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the embryo, larva and early juvenile of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Developmental staging system
Authors: Fujimura Koji , Okada Norihiro 
Published: July 2010

We described the developmental stages for the embryonic, larval and early juvenile periods of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to elucidate sequential events of craniofacial development. Craniofacial development of cichlids, especially differentiation and morphogenesis of the pharyngeal skeleton, progresses until about 30 days postfertilization (dpf). Because there is no comprehensive report describing the sequential processes of craniofacial development up to 30 dpf, we newly defined 32 stages using a numbered staging system. For embryonic development, we defined 18 stages (stages 1–18), which were grouped into seven periods named the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching periods. For larval development, we defined seven stages (stages 19–25), which were grouped into two periods, early larval and late larval. For juvenile development until 30 dpf, we defined seven stages (stages 26–32) in the early juvenile period. This developmental staging system for Nile tilapia O. niloticus will benefit researchers investigating skeletogenesis throughout tilapia ontogeny and will also facilitate comparative evolutionary developmental biology studies of haplochromine cichlids, which comprise the species flocks of Lakes Malawi and Victoria.
Early and long‐term outcome after tracheostomy in children
Authors: Dursun Oguz , Ozel Deniz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Tracheostomy has become an increasingly important issue for children discharged with primary or secondary respiratory problems. Despite the known advantages, considerable controversy remains regarding the appropriate indications, timing, and results of tracheostomy, in the context of home care. The aims of this study were to retrospectively evaluate our experience with tracheostomy and to consider problems related to this procedure, both in the hospital and after discharge.Methods:  We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients receiving new tracheostomies in our department, over a 5‐year period.Results:  Thirty tracheostomies were performed in 30 patients over a 5‐year period. The overall tracheostomy rate among ventilated patients was 3.4%. Most (90%) of the tracheostomies were placed after mechanical ventilation. Patients who were successfully decannulated spent significantly less time in intensive care, both before (P= 0.01) and after surgical tracheostomy procedure (P= 0.034) when compared to the patients discharged with tracheostomy, either with or without home ventilation. These patients also had shorter total intensive care admissions (P= 0.002) and shorter hospitalizations overall (P= 0.013). Successful decannulation was achieved in five patients (17%). The cumulative mortality rate was 17% in the pediatric intensive care unit, 20% within 30 days, and 41% within 1 year.Conclusions:  Patients admitted with anatomic or functional airway problems had higher decannulation rates. Patients who were successfully decannulated also had significantly shorter PICU stays prior to tracheostomy. In patients with neurologic and muscular disease, or with chronic heart/lung disease, decannulation rates are very low, and these patients have a higher mortality risk after discharge.
SOME REPARAMETERIZATIONS OF LAG POLYNOMIALS FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Burke Simon P. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTVarious reparameterizations of scalar polynomials are considered in the context of lag polynomials. These are used to explore possibilities of testing for stationary autoregressive roots, repeated roots, and polynomial factors of given form. Multivariate generalizations of these results are then applied to VAR models and to comovement between the component series of such systems. The link between the representation of unitroots in the univariate case and cointegration in multivariate systems is demonstrated.
Using contact work in interactions with adults with learning disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Brooks Sharon , Paterson Gail 
Published: July 2010

Accessible summary

Some people with learning disabilities find it hard to interact with other people.
This project looks at one way of making interaction easier.
We tried a way of measuring whether this worked or not.
The project was useful, but there is more work to be carried out on how to measure this.

SummaryThis article describes a project about using contact work with people with learning disabilities and autistic spectrum disorder. People with learning disabilities and additional autistic spectrum disorder are at risk of becoming socially isolated because of their difficulties in interacting with others. Contact work is a form of Pre‐Therapy, which is based on Carl Rogers’ person‐centred approach. It focuses on psychological contact, which is the first of the ‘necessary and sufficient’ conditions for therapeutic relationships. The approach was developed by Gary Prouty and has been used with people who find it difficult to establish psychological contact because of their emotional, mental health or cognitive problems. The approach was used with two clients with learning disabilities and autistic spectrum disorder. The sessions were evaluated using a tool created for the project that was designed to measure different contact behaviours. The impact of the project on both clients and therapists is discussed. In addition, the measurement tool is examined, and areas for further study are identified. The project was felt to be useful on a subjective level. The measurement tool was useful in collecting quantitative data but requires more work to capture more qualitative aspects of the work.
Knowledge and practice of foot care in Iranian people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Khamseh Mohammad Ebrahim , Vatankhah Nasibeh , Baradaran Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of foot care in people with type 2 diabetes. We carried out a cross‐sectional study. A questionnaire was completed by 148 patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran. Knowledge score was calculated and the current practice was determined. The mean knowledge score was 6·6 (standard deviation ±3·0) out of a possible 16. Illiterate patients were the least knowledgeable (P= 0·008). Lack of adequate knowledge includes the following: 56% not aware of the effect of smoking on the circulation to the feet, 60% failed to inspect their feet and 42% did not know to trim their toenails. High risk practices including use of irritants to water (66·5%) and walking barefoot (62%). The results of this study highlight the patients’ inadequate knowledge of self‐care about their foot and lack of optimal podiatry service in Iran. These findings have implications for further evaluation, planning and management of patient care in diabetic foot disease.
ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF THE TURKEY INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: A.Soliman M. 
Published: July 2010

This paper is an empirical investigation of the several major relationships that explain the behavior of the U.S. turkey industry in the 1946‐66 period. A model is constructed that consists of four structural equations: (1) consumer demand, (2) farm supply, (3) cold storage accumulation, and (4) cold storage liquidation, and an identity equation. Four different estimation techniques are used to derive values for the structural parameters. These procedures are: (1) ordinary least squares (OLS), (2) limited information single equation (USE). (3) two stage least squares (TSLS). and (4) three stage squares (3SLS). The estimation techniques are evaluated by assessing their forecasting ability against observed data in the post 1966 period. So one method proved superior to another. An index of dispersion indicated that 3SLS is superior in forecasting consumer demand and farm supply. The 3SLS and OLS are about equal in forecasting cold storage accumulation, and TSLS, LISE. and OLS are about equal forecasters for cold storage liquidation. Cel article répresente une étude empirique des facleurs imporlanls qui servenl à expliquer ľinduslrie américaine ďélevage de dindes. au cours de la période 1945‐66. Un modèle est construit qui comporte qualre équations structurelles: la demande finale. (2) ľoff re au niveau de ľexploitation agricole. (3) ľaccumulation de slocks de viande congelée. et (4) le liquidation des stocks, plus une équation ďidentité. Quaire différentes techniques ďestimalion sont utilisées pour déterminer la valeur des parametres: (1) simples moindres carrés, (2) équation unique avec information limitée, (3)doubles moindres carrés. et (4) triples moindres carrés. En se hasant sur la qualité des previsions par rapport aux observations de la période postérieure à 1966. on a pu évaluer les différentes techniques ďestimalion, pour se rendre compte qu'aucune méthode ne s'est avérée supérieure aux autres. Un indice de dispersion démontre que les triples moindres carrés fournissenl une meilleure prévision de la demande finale et de ľoffre au niveau de ľentreprise. Les triples moindres carrés et les simples moindres carrés sont équivalents lorsqu'il s'agit de prévoir ľaccumulalion des slocks. ľéquation simple avec information limitée peut prédire ľécoulement des stocks avec une précision sensihlemenl égale à celle obtenue avec les simples et triples moindres carrés.
Production functions in Agriculture
Authors: Mankin Wyatt B. 
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the quadratic production functions used by D. Gale Johnson [4] in his investigation of sharecropping and by H. Scott Gordon [3] in his classic analysis of a common property resource. Both Johnson and Gordon use linear average and marginal production functions in the geometric exposition of their respective theories, but neither author has explored the unusual properties of the quadratic production function which yields a linear marginal product and average product for one factor.The first part of this paper will investigate the quadratic production function used by Johnson in his sharecropping study, and the second part of this paper will explore the similar quadratic production function employed by Gordon in a subsequent paper on the economic theory of fisheries.In his seminal study of sharecropping, Johnson finds that when one maximizes with respect to labor, the tenant will rent additional land until the marginal physical product of land is zero. He demonstrates this remarkable result in two ways. First he does so with calculus by using a neoclassical production function, and second he does so with geometry in Figure 1 of this classic paper. [4].Although the calculus is correct, his geometric example raises interesting questions. He says linear functions are shown in Figure 1 of this paper for simplicity, but the example can be generalized for any type of average product function. However, he does not explain what type of production function can generate linear marginal and average product functions, and it is the intention of this paper to do so. In particular, one can ask whether such a production function is neoclassical, or one can ask what is the nature of the marginal and average product functions for the second factor of production? Also, one can ask whether such a production function is linear homogeneous?The properties of a neoclassical production function can be found in Burmeister and Dobell [1]. They list six properties of a neoclassical production function, Y = F(K,L):
Fibrosis and Stenosis of the Long Penetrating Cerebral Arteries: the Cause of the White Matter Pathology in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Miao Qing , Paloneva Timo , Tuominen Susanna , Pöyhönen Minna , Tuisku Seppo , Viitanen Matti , Kalimo Hannu 
Published: July 2010

In cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leuco‐encephalopathy (CADASIL) the vascular smooth muscle cells are destroyed and granular osmiophilic material is deposited followed by fibrosis of the arterial wall. To verify whether true stenosis of the fibrotic white matter arteries is a key pathogenic event in CADASIL, we analyzed the thickness of walls (expressed as sclerotic index) and luminal diameters of penetrating arterioles in both grey matter and white matter of four CADASIL patients due to the C475T (R133C) mutation in the Notch3 gene and in 9 age‐matched controls. We also reconstructed 9 arterioles from 1000 serial sections in two CADASIL patients.The thickness of the arteriolar walls in both grey matter and white matter was significantly increased in the CADASIL patients compared with controls. Furthermore, in CADASIL patients the arteriolar walls were significantly thicker in the white matter than in the grey matter. The distribution curve of arteriolar internal diameters in CADASIL patients shifted towards smaller sizes. In serial sections, the marked increase in the thickness of the white matter penetrating arterioles or their branches did not occur until the internal diameters had decreased to about 20 to 30 μm and external diameters to about 100 to 130 μm. In conclusion, long penetrating arterioles and their branches supplying subcortical structures in CADASIL are stenosed and their walls are thickened. This conforms to the abundance of infarcts and primary ischemic damage in CADASIL patients' white matter.
Suspended‐Sediment Concentration Regimes for Two Biological Reference Streams in Middle Tennessee1
Authors: Diehl Timothy H. , Wolfe William J. 
Published: July 2010

Diehl, Timothy H. and William J. Wolfe, 2010. Suspended‐Sediment Concentration Regimes for Two Biological Reference Streams in Middle Tennessee. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 824‐837. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00460.xAbstract:  Temporal patterns of suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC) duration and frequency (SSC regimes) were characterized and compared with biological impairment thresholds for two headwater streams in the Western Highland Rim of Tennessee. The SSC regimes were plotted as curves showing concentrations and durations of the annual longest and tenth‐longest SSC excursions above 18 concentrations for water years 2005‐2008 in Copperas Branch and water years 2006 and 2008 in Kelley Creek. Both streams have fish communities remarkably diverse for their small drainage basin areas (420 and 565 ha, respectively), and represent biological reference conditions with respect to SSC. SSC‐regime curves were similar for the two sites across water years. The measured SSC regimes reached or exceeded published experimentally based SSC impairment thresholds and plotted below a proposed long‐term SSC reference regime for the Interior Plateau ecoregion (Ecoregion 71), suggesting that neither the experimentally based thresholds nor the proposed SSC reference regime adequately reflect the relation between SSC and biological impairment for Western Highland Rim headwater streams. The SSC regimes of the two study streams were similar to the estimated SSC regime of an unimpaired East Tennessee trout stream. Additional field studies are needed to describe SSC regimes in streams of varying basin scale, level of impairment, and region.
Constructing an Interdisciplinary Flow Regime Recommendation1
Authors: Bartholow John M. 
Published: July 2010

Bartholow, John M., 2010. Constructing an Interdisciplinary Flow Regime Recommendation.Journal of the American Water Resources Association(JAWRA) 1‐15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00461.xAbstract: It is generally agreed that river rehabilitation most often relies on restoring a more natural flow regime, but credibly defining the desired regime can be problematic. I combined four distinct methods to develop and refine month‐by‐month and event‐based flow recommendations to protect and partially restore the ecological integrity of the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins, Colorado. A statistical hydrologic approach was used to summarize the river’s natural flow regime and set provisional monthly flow targets at levels that were historically exceeded 75% of the time. These preliminary monthly targets were supplemented using results from three Poudre‐specific disciplinary studies. A substrate maintenance flow model was used to better define the high flows needed to flush accumulated sediment from the river’s channel and help sustain the riparian zone in this snowmelt‐dominated river. A hydraulic/habitat model and a water temperature model were both used to better define the minimum flows necessary to maintain a thriving cool water fishery. The result is a range of recommended monthly flows and daily flow guidance illustrating the advantage of combining a wide range of available disciplinary information, supplemented by judgment based on ecological principles and a general understanding of river ecosystems, in a highly altered, working river.
Problèmes du musée d'histoire
Authors: Veillard Jean‐Yves 
Published: July 2010

Le musée d'histoire, depuis qu'il s'est manifesté, en Europe, sous la forme de cabinets de portraits et de galeries de batailles, a connu une longue évolution. Ses formes, entre‐temps, se sont multipliées1.Une des conceptions les plus nouvelles, et aussi les plus engagées, en est présentée par le conservateur du Musée de Bretagne, à Rennes. Les thèses de Jean‐Yves Veillard sont audacieuses et d'aucuns en jugeront provocantes les conclusions sur la finalité du musée d'histoire de la part de cet historien de formation, conservateur de profession. Il nous a paru bon qu'un jeune expert puisse s'exprimer librement, à partir d'une expérience à laquelle il a participé, selon ses convictions, avec sa foi dans la mission du musée d'histoire, par rapport à l'homme d'aujourd'hui.Des thèses différentes peuvent exister à ce sujet, que la rédaction de Museum, dans la mesure du possible, se doit de faire connaître. En accord avec l'auteur de l'article, elle a suscité une consultation auprès de quelques autres experts du musée d'histoire. Ces derniers, pour des raisons diverses, n'ont pas répondu à son attente.Mais le débat peut se poursuivre, si des réactions nous parviennent, émanant des experts déjà consultés ou d'autres experts historiens, conservateurs de musée, éducateurs. La rédaction en ferait état, volontiers, dans des numéros suivants, (N.D.L.R.)
Le Musée de Niamey et son environnement
Authors: Toucet Pablo 
Published: July 2010

Le Musée de Niamey constitue un complexe original financé en totalité (à l'exception du salaire du directeur) par des ressources locales: musée de plein air (zoologique, ethnographique, botanique), ensemble de pavillons d'expositions de synthèse ou spécialisées, permanentes et temporaires, centre d'artisanat possédant sa propre structure de commercialisation, centre d'alphabétisation et d'animation culturelle, arbre à griots…Il est l'œuvre du président de la République du Niger qui a donné et maintenu l'élan créateur (en vue de l'unité nationale et de l'éducation populaire), du président de l'Assemblée nationale (historien et lettré traditionnel qui a guidé l'évolution du musée), du public nigérien qui a payé, fréquenté, animé le musée.Certains experts européens semblent ne pas le comprendre, mais, pour les Africains, c'est un endroit idéal où apprendre, admirer, s'étonner. Plus de 200 000 visiteurs par an. Synthèse des cultures expliquée par des gardiens‐guides analphabètes ou presque, recevant les visiteurs en langues vernaculaires. Le dernier endroit où les « urbanisés » peuvent retrouver leurs racines et connaître la diversité du pays.En bref, naissance d'une muséologie africaine, travaillant pour son propre public, avec ses propres ressources et dirigée par un homme compréhensif et inventif, (N.D.L.R.)
Le Musée d'histoire naturelle de la ville de Mexico: sa structure et ses fonctions
Authors: Barrera Alfredo 
Published: July 2010

Réalisé en 1964, en moins d'une année, le Musée d'histoire naturelle de Mexico est une institution exemplaire à tous égards: programme, expression, architecture, espaces verts de l'environnement.L'accent est mis sur le Mexique, mais de manière telle que la leçon conserve un caractère général. Cela en termes clairs, si théorique que soit une partie du matériel présenté. Une chose, toutefois, constitue la qualité majeure du projet: le Musée de Mexico a été conçu à la façon d'une œuvre d'art, chacune de ses parties est solidaire des autres, il forme un tout.Ce même musée fait l'objet d'un autre article, d'une approche très différente, dans les Cahiers d'histoire mondiale, périodique publié par l'Unesco. L'auteur en est George E. Lindsay du Science Museum de San Francisco1. (N.D.L.R.)
La nouvelle aile consacrée aux activités éducatives: Musée d'art de Cleveland
Authors: Silver Adèle Z. 
Published: July 2010

« Prévoir une aile qui soit indépendante, qui fasse partie intégrante du musée dans son ensemble et puisse donner une unité architecturale aux trois différentes tranches de la construction. » Tel était le problème que les architectes se sont posé pour la réalisation d'une nouvelle structure du musée, destinée à l'éducation du public. On verra avec quel succès ils s'en sont tiré, à l'aide, notamment, d'une organisation particulièrement originale de l'espace.L'article traite également des activités éducatives menées au musée, telles que les favorise l'architecture, autour des programmes traditionnels ou nouveaux que présentent trois documents annexes.
Le Service éducatif de la Galerie des Offices, Florence
Authors: Todorow Maria Fossi 
Published: July 2010

Un musée d'art, l'un des plus célèbres qui soient au monde. Il pourrait, comme tant d'autres de ses congénères, se cantonner dans son auréole de prestige, demeurer solennel, distant, êlitiste.Or, depuis ces dernières années, encouragé par une circulaire ministérielle, il se prête à des expériences toujours plus audacieuses, étendues progressivement à d'autres musées florentins d'art et d'histoire: apprendre à « regarder » l'œuvre d'art, la replacer dans son contexte historique et social, proposer un travail à l'éc̀ole en complément de la visite au musée, associer les écoliers, par des recherches sur le terrain, à l'inventaire officiel du patrimoine culturel; enfin, surtout, s'attaquer à un préjugé aussi tenace que la hiérarchie des arts, et montrer l'égale dignité du « tableau célèbre » et de l' « humble ornemen ».
Utilisation des moyens audio‐visuels au musée
Authors: Beneš Josef 
Published: July 2010

Les moyens audio‐visuels, en raison de leur nouveauté et de leur diversité, étendent comme jamais le champ d'expression du musée, à condition, toutefois, que leur emploi soit pertinent.L'auteur du présent article traite du problème sur le plan théorique. Les figures, de leur côté, évoquent des solutions pratiques.Museum, dans un numéro spécial qu'il prépare à long terme, reviendra sur cette importante question.
Musée d'histoire de Metz
Authors: Collot Gérard 
Published: July 2010

Un caractère dominant, en cet ouvrage muséographique, c'est la pondération.Pondération entre rigueur et libéralisme de l'approche philosophique. Entre nature et culture, entre périodes et thèmes. Entre formes historiques du contenant et formes historiques du contenu. Entre contrainte et éclectisme du circuit. Entre choses à voir et choses à toucher, entre choses réelles et choses artificielles, entre objet et document. Entre le plus de texte et le moins de texte. Entre réflexion et délectation, entre délectation et amusement.Une telle pondération, pourtant, n'est pas oscillante, ni fluctuante. Elle résiste aux délices de l'incertitude. Elle sait se fixer, autant que se défouler. Elle est enfin — l'auteur nous pardonnera de le révéler car c'est louange — le fait d'un homme qui a été artiste et le demeure au fond de soi‐même.