bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographics, management and health of donkeys in the UK
Authors: Cox R. , Burden F. , Proudman C. J. , Trawford A. F. , Pinchbeck G. L. 
Published: October 2010

In this paper, the management and health problems of donkeys on loan to independent carers from The Donkey Sanctuary are characterised, and the demographics of the UK’s donkey population are described using data from a variety of sources. All carers that fostered a donkey from The Donkey Sanctuary between September 2004 and August 2005 (1432 donkeys) were surveyed using a postal questionnaire requesting information about the donkey, its premises, daily care, health and preventive medicine. The response rate was 77.8 per cent. The mean (sd) age of the donkeys was 20.8 (7.4) years. The majority (92 per cent) of the donkeys were kept as pets. Approximately one‐third (33.6 per cent) of the donkeys were overweight. The most common medical problems were hoof, dermal and oral problems. A total of 86 per cent of the donkeys had a dental examination at least every 12 months, and at least 45 per cent had at least one dental problem.
Presumptive exercise‐associated peracute thoracolumbar disc extrusion in 48 dogs
Authors: McKee W. M. , Downes C. J. , Pink J. J. , Gemmill T. J. 
Published: October 2010

Forty‐eight dogs were diagnosed with presumptive exercise‐associated peracute thoracolumbar disc extrusion. The median age was seven years (range two to 11 years), and median bodyweight was 23 kg (range 10 to 41 kg). The duration of signs before presentation ranged from 0.5 to four days. Twenty‐nine dogs were non‐ambulatory, of which 17 were incontinent and two had lost pain perception. Pelvic limbs were hyporeflexic or areflexic in 11 dogs. Intervertebral disc narrowing was evident on radiographs in 44 dogs. Myelography demonstrated a small, extradural space‐occupying lesion dorsal to an intervertebral disc between T11‐12 and L3‐4 with adjacent spinal cord swelling. Forty‐six dogs were treated non‐surgically, one was euthanased and one was managed by hemilaminectomy (and subsequently euthanased). Follow‐up information was available for 46 dogs 1.5 to 55 months after injury (median 22 months) showing that pelvic limb function had improved in all cases and all non‐ambulatory dogs had regained the ability to walk. Six dogs remained faecally incontinent, and one dog remained urinarily and faecally incontinent.
Ultrasonographic findings in 63 cows with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome
Authors: Braun U. , Forster E. , Steininger K. , Irmer M. , Gautschi A. , Previtali M. , Gerspach C. , Nuss K. 
Published: October 2010

Cows with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome were examined by ultrasonography. A 5.0 MHz linear transducer was used to scan the right side of 63 standing, non‐sedated cows. The small intestine was found to be dilated and had a diameter of 4.3 to 12.0 cm (mean [sd] 6.76 [1.78] cm), and there was markedly reduced or absent small intestinal motility in all the cows. In 22 (34.9 per cent) cows, empty poststenotic segments of small intestine were seen in addition to empty prestenotic intestine. In 12 (19 per cent) cows, the intestinal lumen contained localised hyperechoic material consistent with blood clots. Fluid with or without fibrin was seen between intestinal loops in 39 (61.9 per cent) cows. Accumulation of ingesta in the abomasum and sometimes in the omasum and rumen was seen in 14 (22.2 per cent) cows. Ultrasonography was considered to be a useful tool for the diagnosis of ileus. However, this imaging modality could be used to make a definitive diagnosis of haemorrhagic bowel syndrome only when a blood clot was seen in the intestinal lumen.
International disease monitoring, January to March
Authors: Sabirovic M. , Roberts H. , Lopez M. , Hancock R. 
Published: October 2010

African swine fever outbreaks in the Caucasus region
Equine infectious anaemia in the UK, Belgium, France and Germany
Foot‐and‐mouth disease in dairy cattle in South Korea, a country previously officially free without vaccination
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Romania and Bulgaria
Rift Valley fever in South Africa affecting livestock and human beings
These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for January to March, prepared by Defra’s Food and Farming Group, Global Animal Health
Prevalence of equine herpesvirus type 1 in trigeminal ganglia and submandibular lymph nodes of equids examined postmortem
Authors: Pusterla N. , Mapes S. , Wilson W. D. 
Published: October 2010

The objective of this study was to detect and characterise the biovar of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) from submandibular lymph nodes (SMLNs) and trigeminal ganglia from 153 equids undergoing routine postmortem examination for various medical and surgical reasons. A combination of nucleic acid precipitation and preamplification steps was used to increase the analytical sensitivity of the analysis. The presence of latent EHV‐1 was determined when tissue samples were PCR‐positive for the glycoprotein B (gB) gene and the DNA polymerase (ORF 30) gene of EHV‐1 in the absence of detectable late structural protein gene (gB gene) mRNA. The SMLNs of five of the study animals (3.3 per cent) were PCRpositive for the gB gene of EHV‐1. Two SMLNs carried a latent neurotropic strain of the virus, whereas three SMLNs were PCR‐positive for both neurotropic and non‐neurotropic EHV‐1. A total of 30 trigeminal ganglia collected from 19 horses were PCR‐positive for the gB gene of EHV‐1. Nine trigeminal ganglia harboured either latent non‐neurotropic or neurotropic EHV‐1 strains. Twelve trigeminal ganglia contained both latent neurotropic and non‐neurotropic EHV‐1. The prevalence and distribution of EHV‐1 biovars among the study horses appeared to be influenced by their breed and the type of tissue tested.
Efficacy of a spot‐on formulation of pyriprole on dogs infested with Sarcoptes scabiei
Authors: Fourie J. J. , Horak I. G. , de la Puente Redondo V. 
Published: October 2010

To determine the efficacy of a 12.5 per cent spot‐on formulation of pyriprole (Prac‐Tic; Novartis Animal Health) and that of a combination of 10 per cent imidacloprid and 2.5 per cent moxidectin (Advocate; Bayer Animal Health) against Sarcoptes scabiei on dogs, 20 naturally infested adult dogs were ranked according to their pretreatment mite counts, allocated to one of two groups and housed individually in pens. Two spot‐on treatments with each product, 30 days apart, were administered. Mite counts and clinical assessments were performed on each dog two days before treatment, and 28, 60 and 90 days after treatment. Efficacy was measured on the basis of the presence or absence of live mites. Except for day 60 following treatment, on which a single dog in the group treated with pyriprole was positive, no live mites were found on the treated dogs during the assessments on days 28, 60 and 90. Thus, efficacy measured on the basis of this finding (day 90 assessment) was 100 per cent. On final assessment, all dogs treated with pyriprole had 100 per cent resolution of papules, but crusts resembling healing lesions were still present on two dogs. Those treated with imidacloprid and moxidectin had 100 per cent resolution of papules and crusts. Hair regrowth, to greater than 90 per cent of pretreatment hair cover, was observed on all 20 dogs.
ArcheoTUI—Driving virtual reassemblies with tangible 3D interaction
Authors: Reuter Patrick , Riviere Guillaume , Couture Nadine , Mahut Stephanie , Espinasse Loic 
Published: October 2010

ArcheoTUI is a new tangible user interface for the efficient assembly of the 3D scanned fragments of fractured archeological objects. An efficient user interaction for the complex task to orientate or position two 3D objects relative to each other is essential, eventually in addition to automatic matching techniques.
Our key idea is to use tangible props for the manipulation of the virtual fragments. In each hand, the user manipulates an electromagnetically tracked prop, and the translations and rotations are directly mapped to the corresponding virtual fragments on the display.
For each hand, a corresponding foot pedal is used to clutch the movements of the hands. Hence, the user's hands can be repositioned, or the user can be switched. The software of ArcheoTUI is designed to easily change assembly hypotheses, beyond classical undo/redo, by using a scene graph.
We designed ArcheoTUI on the demand of archeaologists and in a direct collaboration with them, and we conducted two user studies on site at their workplace. The first user study revealed that the interface, and especially the foot pedal, was accepted, and that all the users managed to solve simple assembly tasks. In a second user study, we compare a different clutching mechanism with buttons on the props to the foot pedal mechanism. This second user study revealed that the movement of the hands is more similar to real-world assembly scenarios when using the foot pedals, and that the users can keep on concentrating on the actual assembly task.
Finally, we show how the virtual assembly is used for a fractured archeological finding.
Combination of Temsirolimus (CCI-779) with Chemoradiation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) (NCCTG trial N027D) Is Associated with Increased Infectious Risks
Authors: Sarkaria Jann N. , Galanis Eva , Wu Wenting , Dietz Allan B. , Kaufmann Timothy J. , Gustafson Michael P. , Brown Paul D. , Uhm Joon H. , Rao Ravi D. , Doyle Laurence , Giannini Caterina , Jaeckle Kurt A. , Buckner Jan C. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Purpose: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions within the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway as a critical modulator of cell survival.
Methods: The mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (CCI-779) was combined with chemoradiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients in a dose-escalation phase I trial. The first 12 patients were treated with CCI-779 combined with radiation/temozolomide and adjuvant temozolomide. A second cohort of 13 patients was treated with concurrent CCI-779/radiation/temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide monotherapy.
Results: Concomitant and adjuvant CCI-779 was associated with a high rate (3 of 12 patients) of grade 4/5 infections. By limiting CCI-779 treatment to the radiation/temozolomide phase and using antibiotic prophylaxis, the rate of infections was reduced, although 2 of 13 patients developed exacerbation of pre-existing fungal or viral infections. Dose-limiting toxicities were observed in 2 of 13 patients with this modified schedule. Weekly CCI-779 (50 mg/week) combined with radiation/temozolomide is the recommended phase II dose and schedule. The immune profile of patients in the second cohort was assessed before, during, and after CCI-779 therapy. There was robust suppression of helper and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, natural killer, cells and elevation of regulatory T cells during CCI-779/radiation/temozolomide therapy with recovery to baseline levels during adjuvant temozolomide of cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and regulatory T cells.
Conclusions: The increased infection rate observed with CCI-779 combined with chemoradiotherapy in GBM was reduced with antibiotic prophylaxis and by limiting the duration of CCI-779 therapy. The combined suppressive effects of CCI-779 and temozolomide therapy on discrete immune compartments likely contributed to the increased infectious risks observed. Clin Cancer Res; 16(22); 5573–80. ©2010 AACR.
Chemokine Receptor 7 Knockout Attenuates Atherosclerotic Plaque Development
Authors: Luchtefeld Maren , Grothusen Christina , Gagalick Andreas , Jagavelu Kumaravelu , Schuett Harald , Tietge Uwe J.F. , Pabst Oliver , Grote Karsten , Drexler Helmut , Förster Reinhold , Schieffer Bernhard 
Published: October 2010

Background—

Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity contribute to atherogenesis, but the mode of interaction is poorly understood. Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) is critically involved in the transition from innate to adaptive immune activation by coordinating the migration to and positioning of antigen-presenting dendritic cells and T cells in secondary lymphoid organs. More recently, it was shown that CCR7 is also responsible for T-cell migration into inflamed tissues and T-cell egress from these tissues via the afferent lymph. Thus, we investigated the influence of a systemic CCR7 deficiency on atherogenesis in atherosclerosis-prone low-density lipoprotein receptor (
ldlr
) knockout mice.

Methods and Results—

CCR7 deficiency resulted in reduced atherosclerotic plaque development. CCR7
−/−
T cells showed impaired entry and exit behavior from atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a key molecule for atherogenesis with antigenic features, was used to pulse dendritic cells and to expand T cells ex vivo. Adoptive transfer of C57BL/6 wild-type T cells but not
ccr7
−/−
-derived T cells primed with oxidized low-density lipoprotein–pulsed dendritic cells resulted in a reconstitution of atherogenesis in
ccr7
−/−
/
ldlr
−/−
mice.

Conclusion—
These results demonstrate that both CCR7-dependent T-cell priming in secondary lymphoid organs and CCR7-dependent recirculation of T cells between secondary lymphoid organs and inflamed tissue are crucially involved in atherosclerotic plaque development.
Does the South American Monsoon Influence African Rainfall?
Authors: Grimm Alice M. , Reason Chris J. C. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Teleconnections between the South American monsoon and southern African rainfall are investigated for years with Benguela Niño or Niña events in the South Atlantic. During these events, it is found that substantial rainfall anomalies also occur over South America in addition to those previously known for southern Africa. The appearance of large rainfall anomalies in the South American monsoon region prior to the onset of the Benguela Niño proper suggests that anomalous convection over South America may influence the evolution of both the SST anomalies and the African rainfall anomalies associated with Benguela Niño events. This teleconnection between South America and southern African rainfall may occur directly, via atmospheric circulation anomalies induced by convection over South America, or indirectly, via the effect of induced circulation anomalies on regional SST.
To investigate these teleconnections, a vorticity equation model, which is linearized about a realistic basic state and which includes the divergence in this state and the advection of vorticity by the divergent wind, is applied to the events. The model is forced with anomalous divergence patterns observed during the events, and the steady-state solutions show that anomalies of convection during the South American monsoon produce the main circulation anomalies observed during the Benguela Niño events and hence influence rainfall and circulation patterns over Angola and other southern African countries. An influence function analysis confirms this result, indicating that South America is the most efficient source region to produce the observed anomalies, and also shows that there is no influence of convection over Africa on the South American monsoon. Based on these linear model and observational results, it is concluded that the South American monsoon can influence the evolution of Benguela Niños and associated rainfall anomalies in southern Africa.
Comparison of an intermittent high-intensity vs continuous low-intensity physiotherapy service over 12 months in community-dwelling people with stroke: a randomized trial
Authors: Hesse S. , Welz A. , Werner C. , Quentin B. , Wissel J. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: This study compared two modes of physiotherapy service over 12 months in community-dwelling people with stroke, either following a train—wait train paradigm by providing bouts of intense physiotherapy, or a continuous less intense programme. Design: Randomized trial. Setting: Community-dwelling people with stroke. Interventions: Fifty patients, first-time stroke, discharged home, following inpatient rehabilitation, allocated to two groups, A and B. Over 12 months, Group A (n = 25) received three two-month blocks of therapy at home, each block contained four 30 to 45 minute sessions per week, totalling 96 sessions. Group B (n = 25) continuously received two 30 to 45 minute sessions per week, totalling 104 sessions. Main outcome measures: Primary Rivermead Mobility Index (0—15), secondary upper- and lower-limb motor functions, Activities of Daily Living competence, tone and number of falls. Results: Both groups were comparable at onset, the mean age in Group A (B) was 62.4 (61.9) years. A and B patients equally improved functions over time, between group differences did not occur. The initial (terminal) Rivermead Mobility Index was 9.4 ± 2.8 (12.2 ± 2.1) in Group A, and 8.5 ± 3.5 (11.2 ± 2.7) in Group B. More Group B patients fell seriously (7 versus 1). Conclusions: The intermittent high-intensity and continuous low-intensity therapy protocols were equally effective, the sheer intensity seems more important than the time-mode of application. The relatively young patients functionally improved in the first year after stroke, the reduced risk of serious falls in the intermittent high-intensity group should be validated.
Osteopontin concentrations are increased in cerebrospinal fluid during attacks of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Börnsen Lars , Khademi Mohsen , Olsson Tomas , Sørensen Per Soelberg , Sellebjerg Finn 
Published: October 2010

Background:The cytokine osteopontin (OPN) is a potential key player in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and a candidate biomarker for disease activity. Objective:The objective of this study was to examine concentrations of OPN in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across the clinical spectrum of MS. Methods:Our research consisted of a cross-sectional study of patients from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Concentrations of OPN and other blood and CSF markers were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples were obtained from untreated patients with exacerbation of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) ( n = 25) and relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) ( n = 41) of whom 48 participated in clinical trials, randomly allocated to treatment with placebo or methylprednisolone (MP) and undergoing repeated sampling after 3 weeks. Furthermore, we obtained CSF and blood samples from patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS, n = 9), secondary progressive MS (SPMS, n = 28) and other neurological disorders (OND, n = 44), and blood samples from 24 healthy subjects. Results:OPN concentrations were significantly increased in the CSF of patients with CIS ( p = 0.02) and RRMS ( p < 0.001) in exacerbation compared to patients with OND, and increased levels of OPN were associated with high values of other biomarkers of inflammation. At 3-week follow-up CSF OPN concentrations had decreased significantly from baseline regardless treatment with placebo or MP. Patients with PPMS had increased OPN levels in the CSF ( p = 0.004) and high CSF levels of OPN were associated with high degrees of disability. Conclusions:OPN concentration in the CSF is a dynamic indicator of disease activity in RRMS, presumably reflecting ongoing inflammation. Increased CSF OPN concentrations in PPMS may indicate ongoing inflammation even in these patients.
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Reston James T , Uhl Stacey , Treadwell Jonathan R , Nash Richard A , Schoelles Karen 
Published: October 2010

Background and objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) refractory to conventional medical treatment. Methods: Eight case series met our a priori inclusion criteria for the primary outcome of progression-free survival. Individual study quality was rated using an 11-item scale for case series. The strength of the overall body of evidence for each outcome was rated using a system developed by the ECRI Institute. Data from different studies were statistically combined using meta-analysis. An additional six studies were included for a summary of mortality and morbidity. Results: For secondary progressive MS, immunoablative therapy with autologous bone marrow/peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was associated with higher progression-free survival (up to 3 years following treatment) when using intermediate-intensity conditioning regimens compared with high-intensity conditioning regimens. The evidence was insufficient to determine whether the treatment was effective in patients with other types of MS. Treatment-related mortality was about 2.7%. Conclusions: Patients with secondary progressive MS refractory to conventional medical treatment have longer progression-free survival following autologous stem cell transplantation with intermediate-intensity conditioning regimens than with high-intensity conditioning regimens.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 regulates multiple myeloma cell growth and bortezomib-induced cell death
Authors: Piazza Francesco , Manni Sabrina , Tubi Laura Quotti , Montini Barbara , Pavan Laura , Colpo Anna , Gnoato Marianna , Cabrelle Anna , Adami Fausto , Zambello Renato , Trentin Livio , Gurrieri Carmela , Semenzato Gianpietro 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) α and β are two serine-threonine kinases controlling insulin, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB signaling and other cancer-associated transduction pathways. Recent evidence suggests that GSK-3 could function as growth-promoting kinases, especially in malignant cells. In this study, we have investigated GSK-3α and GSK-3β function in multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods
GSK-3 α and β expression and cellular localization were investigated by Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence analysis in a panel of MM cell lines and in freshly isolated plasma cells from patients. MM cell growth, viability and sensitivity to bortezomib was assessed upon treatment with GSK-3 specific inhibitors or transfection with siRNAs against GSK-3 α and β isoforms. Survival signaling pathways were studied with WB analysis.

Results
GSK-3α and GSK-3β were differently expressed and phosphorylated in MM cells. Inhibition of GSK-3 with the ATP-competitive, small chemical compounds SB216763 and SB415286 caused MM cell growth arrest and apoptosis through the activation of the intrinsic pathway. Importantly, the two inhibitors augmented the bortezomib-induced MM cell cytotoxicity. RNA interference experiments showed that the two GSK-3 isoforms have distinct roles: GSK-3β knock down decreased MM cell viability, while GSK-3α knock down was associated with a higher rate of bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity. GSK-3 inhibition caused accumulation of β-catenin and nuclear phospho-ERK1, 2. Moreover, GSK-3 inhibition and GSK-3α knockdown enhanced bortezomib-induced AKT and MCL-1 protein degradation. Interestingly, bortezomib caused a reduction of GSK-3 serine phosphorylation and its nuclear accumulation with a mechanism that resulted partly dependent on GSK-3 itself.

Conclusions
These data suggest that in MM cells GSK-3α and β i) play distinct roles in cell survival and ii) modulate the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors.