bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial peptidase IMMP2L mutation causes early onset of age‐associated disorders and impairs adult stem cell self‐renewal
Authors: George Sunil K. , Jiao Yan , Bishop Colin E. , Lu Baisong 
Published: February 2011

SummaryMitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are proposed to play a central role in aging and age‐associated disorders, although direct in vivo evidence is lacking. We recently generated a mouse mutant with mutated inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2‐like (Immp2l) gene, which impairs the signal peptide sequence processing of mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c1 and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2. The mitochondria from mutant mice generate elevated levels of superoxide ion and cause impaired fertility in both sexes. Here, we design experiments to examine the effects of excessive mitochondrial ROS generation on health span. We show that Immp2l mutation increases oxidative stress in multiple organs such as the brain and the kidney, although expression of superoxide dismutases in these tissues of the mutants is also increased. The mutants show multiple aging‐associated phenotypes, including wasting, sarcopenia, loss of subcutaneous fat, kyphosis, and ataxia, with female mutants showing earlier onset and more severe age‐associated disorders than male mutants. The loss of body weight and fat was unrelated to food intake. Adipose‐derived stromal cells (ADSC) from mutant mice showed impaired proliferation capability, formed significantly less and smaller colonies in colony formation assays, although they retained adipogenic differentiation capability in vitro. This functional impairment was accompanied by increased levels of oxidative stress. Our data showed that mitochondrial ROS is the driving force of accelerated aging and suggested that ROS damage to adult stem cells could be one of the mechanisms for age‐associated disorders.
Retrospective evaluation of postoperative nasotracheal tubes for oxygen supplementation in dogs following surgery for brachycephalic syndrome: 36 cases (2003–2007)
Authors: Senn David , Sigrist Nadja , Forterre Franck , Howard Judith , Spreng David 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective –To assess the utility of nasotracheal tubes in postoperative oxygen supplementation in dogs following corrective surgery for brachycephalic syndrome.Design –Retrospective study 2003–2007.Setting –University teaching hospital.Animals –Thirty‐six client‐owned dogs that underwent corrective surgery for brachycephalic syndrome.Interventions –None.Measurements and Main Results –Medical records were reviewed for animals that underwent surgical interventions for brachycephalic syndrome including palatoplasty, ventriculectomy, and rhinoplasty. Data collected included signalment, presenting complaints, analgesic and surgical interventions, type of supplemental oxygen therapy, complications and mortality occurring during hospitalization. A nasotracheal tube (NTT) was placed in 20 dogs at the end of surgery; 16 dogs received other forms of oxygen supplementation (8) or no oxygen supplementation (8) during recovery. The total number of postoperative complications was similar in both groups (8/20 dogs with NTTs and 7/16 in those without NTTs). However, respiratory distress was observed in 5 dogs without NTTs but was not observed in any dog while an NTT was in place. One dog in each group died postoperatively.Conclusion –Placement of an NTT was found to be easy and may offer benefit in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome as a noninvasive means of delivering oxygen. The use of NTT may minimize severe postoperative morbidity, in particular by reducing postoperative respiratory distress.
Acute aldicarb toxicity in dogs: 15 cases (2001–2009)
Authors: Anastasio John D. , Sharp Claire R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective
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To describe the common clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and prognosis associated with acute aldicarb toxicosis in dogs.Design
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Retrospective observational study from 2001 to 2009.Setting
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Urban referral hospital.Animals
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Fifteen client‐owned dogs.Interventions
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None.Measurements and Main Results
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The most common clinical signs associated with acute aldicarb toxicosis were vomiting, ptyalism, diarrhea, and tremors. Of the 15 dogs, 11 were admitted to the hospital for treatment, 2 were euthanized at presentation and 2 were discharged against medical advice following minimal treatment and lost to follow‐up. Laboratory abnormalities included lactic acidosis and hyperglycemia in 12 and 9 patients, respectively. Treatment of hospitalized dogs included induction of emesis with apomorphine (4 dogs), activated charcoal (5), IV fluids (11), atropine (7), methocarbamol (3), diazepam (1), pralidoxime (1) and diphenhydramine (1). Ten of 11 hospitalized dogs survived to discharge; 1 was euthanized following a respiratory arrest after 36 hours of hospitalization. One patient received mechanical ventilation and treatment for pneumonia before discharge from the hospital. The median duration of hospitalization was 22 hours (range 12–168 h).Conclusions
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Acute aldicarb toxicosis carries a good prognosis for survival and hospital discharge with treatment. Supportive care should be considered for at least 18–24 hours to monitor for response to therapy and development of respiratory failure.
Intrathecal Deep Digital Flexor Tenectomy for Treatment of Septic Tendonitis/Tenosynovitis in Four Horses
Authors: Marsh Chad A. , Watkins Jeffery P. , Schneider Robert K. 
Published: February 2011

Objective:To describe partial removal of the intrathecal component of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in horses with chronic septic DDF tendonitis and tenosynovitis unresponsive to conventional therapy, and to report long‐term outcome.Study Design:Case series.Animals:Horses (n=4).Methods:Four horses with chronic septic DDF tendonitis and tenosynovitis were treated by surgical tenectomy of the intrathecal component of the DDFT, followed by stabilization in casts and subsequent corrective shoeing. All horses were previously managed unsuccessfully with combinations of conventional therapy consisting of systemic antibiotics, through and through tendon sheath lavage/open drainage, regional limb perfusions, tenoscopy with debridement and transection of the palmar/plantar annular ligament, and intrathecal antibiotics.Results:Time from initial injury/diagnosis to tenectomy ranged from 10 to 210 days. Mean hospitalization time after surgery was 82 days. Long‐term follow‐up (>1.5 years; mean, 3.8 years) was available. All 4 horses were able to walk comfortably at pasture and were used as broodmares.Conclusions:Intrathecal tenectomy is a viable surgical procedure for treatment of chronic septic tenosynovitis of the digital sheath that is complicated by septic tendonitis of the DDFT.
In VitroEffect of Ventriculocordectomy Before Laryngoplasty on Abduction of the Equine Arytenoid Cartilage
Authors: Perkins Justin D. , Meighan Hazel , Windley Zoë , Troester Susanne , Piercy Richard , Schumacher Jim 
Published: February 2011

Objective:To determine whether ventriculocordectomy (VCE) performed before prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) results in increased rima glottidis size compared with PL alone.Study Design:Experimental study.Animals:Equine cadaver larynges (n=13).Methods:Right arytenoid cartilages were maximally abducted using a standard PL technique. Standard PLs were then performed on the left side and the force required to maximally abduct the left arytenoid cartilage recorded (Fmax). Photographs were taken of the rima glottidis at zero force and at five equal levels of force up to Fmax. The force applied was released, left VCE performed, and photographs repeated. Arytenoid left:right angle quotients (LRQ) and glottic cross‐sectional area ratios (CSAR) were calculated at each force level in each condition (PL and VCE‐PL).Results:Mean LRQ and CSAR for both PL and VCE‐PL increased with increasing force, initially rapidly before plateauing at ∼50% of Fmax. LRQ and CSAR were significantly greater for VCE‐PL than for PL (P<.001). When VCE was performed before PL, 12% less force was required to achieve an LRQ of 0.8, and 45% less for a CSAR of 0.8.Conclusions:In vitro, VCE performed before PL enables the arytenoid cartilage to be abducted to a greater degree for a given PL suture force.
A randomized clinical trial comparing granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor administration sites for mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Renfroe Heather , Arnold Mike , Vaughn Louette , Harvey R. Donald , Hamilton Ellie , Lonial Sagar , Khoury H. Jean , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Lechowicz Mary Jo , Flowers Christopher R. , Waller Edmund K. 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate whether granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) injection in lower adipose tissue–containing sites (arms and legs) would result in a lower exposure and reduced stem cell collection efficiency compared with injection into abdominal skin.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We completed a prospective randomized study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of different injection sites for patients with multiple myeloma or lymphoma undergoing stem cell mobilization and apheresis. Primary endpoints were the number of CD34+ cells collected and the number of days of apheresis. Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive cytokine injections in their abdomen (Group A) or extremities (Group B). Randomization was stratified based on diagnosis (myeloma, n = 29 vs. lymphoma, n = 11), age, and mobilization strategy and balanced across demographic factors and body mass index.RESULTS: Thirty‐five subjects were evaluable for the primary endpoint: 18 in Group A and 17 in Group B. One evaluable subject in each group failed to collect a minimum dose of at least 2.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. The mean numbers of CD34+ cells (±SD) collected were not different between Groups A and B (9.15 × 106 ± 4.7 × 106/kg vs. 9.85 × 106 ± 5 × 106/kg, respectively; p = NS) after a median of 2 days of apheresis. Adverse events were not different between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The site of G‐CSF administration does not affect the number of CD34+ cells collected by apheresis or the duration of apheresis needed to reach the target cell dose.
Tacit Knowledge, Lessons Learnt, and New Product Development
Authors: Goffin Keith , Koners Ursula 
Published: February 2011

New product development (NPD) is a complex activity that is dependent on knowledge and learning. Much of the knowledge generated in NPD is tacit; it is difficult to express, connected with problem solving, and dependent on the interactions within teams. Post‐project reviews (PPRs) are recognized as a highly effective mechanism for stimulating learning in NPD teams but, surprisingly, neither the typical “lessons learnt” that emerge from PPRs nor the role of tacit knowledge in NPD learning have previously been studied. To address this gap, five in‐depth case studies were conducted at leading German companies. Three main sources of data were used: interviews with experienced NPD personnel using repertory grid technique, inspection of company process and project documentation, and observations of PPR discussions. Systematic coding of the qualitative data was conducted by two researchers working in parallel and verified through checks involving independent researchers. The coding process identified the lessons learnt and also the usage of metaphors and stories (which signifies tacit knowledge generation).The lessons that NPD personnel perceive to be the most important were identified from the repertory grid data. These included: knowing how to deal with project budgets, solving technical problems, meeting schedules, resource management, and managing organizational complexity. Four lessons learnt appear to be particularly closely linked to tacit knowledge: dealing with project budgets, problem solving, coping with time schedules, and coping with changes in product specifications. Data triangulation showed that the five companies did not capture many lessons in their reports on PPRs. In addition, it appears that the learning that was related to tacit knowledge was not captured for dissemination.Although the results from our exploratory sample cannot be generalized, there are some important implications. The results indicate that R&D managers should capitalize on the tacit knowledge within their organizations through mentoring (to transfer the lessons that are most closely linked to tacit knowledge), and encouraging the use of metaphors and stories to transfer key NPD knowledge. Future research needs to verify the results using a larger sample, focus on how NPD professionals learn, and identify the mechanisms that facilitate the transfer of tacit knowledge and project‐to‐project learning.Tacit knowledge is a popular management concept but one that is poorly understood, as empirical evidence to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical concepts is sadly lacking. This provides a unique opportunity for NPD scholars—they have the ideal arena in which a deeper understanding of tacit knowledge can be generated.
Cross‐Functional Integration of R&D, Marketing, and Manufacturing in Radical and Incremental Product Innovations and Its Effects on Project Effectiveness and Efficiency
Authors: Brettel Malte , Heinemann Florian , Engelen Andreas , Neubauer Steven 
Published: February 2011

Previous research commonly emphasizes the positive effects of cross‐functional integration on performance measures. However, cross‐functional integration is a highly complex phenomenon which does not allow general conclusions in terms of performance impacts. Therefore, the present study assesses the impact of integrating the R&D, marketing, and manufacturing functions on the effectiveness and efficiency of new product development (NPD) projects. A multi‐functional design is applied that considers three functions, including manufacturing, which has been often neglected in prior research on cross‐functional integration. Further, the study distinguishes between two phases of the NPD process, namely the development and commercialization phases. In building the sample care was particularly taken to include a sufficient number of highly innovative NPD projects to cover the full range in terms of project innovativeness. This allows assessing the moderating role of project innovativeness on the effects of cross‐functional integration on NPD performance.A research model incorporating these ideas is theoretically developed and empirically validated by means of survey data. One hundred and eighteen NPD project managers participated in the survey (50 incremental and 68 radical innovation projects). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the research model. More concretely, partial least squares (PLS) was used as the most accepted variance‐based approach.Generally, the findings emphasize that the relationships between various facets of cross‐functional integration and performance measures are highly complex. The integration between R&D and marketing positively impacts efficiency, but not effectiveness across different types of projects. Further, the impact of integration between marketing and R&D depends on the process stage and the degree of innovativeness. Findings regarding the integration between R&D and manufacturing show a strong positive impact on efficiency in the development phase. With respect to the integration between marketing and manufacturing, no significant effects on the performance dimensions can be observed for radical NPD projects. Overall, a positive impact of integration between these departments on effectiveness in the commercialization phase emerges.
The Impact of Product Modularity on New Product Performance: Mediation by Product Innovativeness
Authors: Lau Antonio K. W. , Yam Richard C. M. , Tang Esther 
Published: February 2011

In light of problem solving, system complexity, and dominant design theories, some researchers suggest that modular product design promotes product innovation through experimenting with many alternative approaches simultaneously. This leads to rapid trial‐and‐error learning and accelerates new product introduction. However, others argue that modular product design inhibits innovation because common modules can be overly reused, the degree of freedom for innovation is limited due to module compatibility, and knowledge sharing among module teams is weakened. There is no conclusive argument regarding the relationships between product modularity and new product performance, or between product innovativeness and new product performance.This article fills this gap by investigating the relationships of these three important constructs through an empirical study. Data were collected from 115 companies in the electronics industry. The findings show that there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between product modularity and product innovativeness. The results also reveal a lack of direct relationship between product modularity and new product performance, but discover an indirect relationship between the two mediated by product innovativeness. Manufacturers should closely monitor the negative impacts of modularity, as extreme modularity can reduce product innovativeness. If there are any signs of diminishing product innovativeness, problems with poor communication across module teams, or excessive design alternatives, the manufacturers should stop further modularizing their products. Alternatively, manufacturers can take steps to reduce the negative effects of modularity. For instance, manufacturers can develop ways to strengthen communication among module teams. They can also use a set of design rules to reduce the number of design alternatives systematically or a design method to balance product commonality and differentiation during the development processes.
Service versus Manufacturing Innovation*
Authors: Ettlie John E. , Rosenthal Stephen R. 
Published: February 2011

This article describes how service and manufacturing firms are different when it comes to innovation, based on a survey of firms in both sectors. Overall, four of the five hypotheses developed for comparative study of new offerings were supported by the analyses of 38 new products and 29 new services. First and foremost, there appear to be real differences between how manufacturing and services approach the innovation process, primarily because of the way organizations formalize development of new offerings in these two sectors. Manufacturing is more likely to report the need for new strategies and structures when products are new to the industry or new to the firm. However, services are more likely to convert novelty into success. Services are significantly more likely to have a short beta testing process and to exploit general manager (internally sourced) ideas for new offerings as an alternative to formal innovation structures. However, manufacturing and services exhibit a similar tendency to exploit customer (externally sourced) ideas for new offerings.The potential contribution of this study is to point the direction for future work in the nascent research stream of service innovation, highlighting areas where there appear to be fundamental differences between the innovation process in services and other sectors of the economy. Key differences appear to be the alternative ways services formalize the innovative process, the unique way services test customer concepts, and the combined role of general managers and professionals in the development process. These differences have managerial implications. Working closely with customers, service managers should proceed with their own unique approach to the innovative process, especially with respect to prototyping and beta testing. Senior managers in service organizations should participate in the ideation process for successful new service offerings, as part of their strategy‐making responsibilities.
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias Arising from the Right Ventricular Septum Close to the His Bundle: Features of the Local Electrogram at the Optimal Ablation Site
Authors: KOMATSU YUKI , OTOMO KIYOSHI , TANIGUCHI HIROSHI , KAKITA KEN , TAKAYAMA KEI , FUJIWARA HIDEOMI , IESAKA YOSHITO 
Published: February 2011

Ablation of Para‐Hisian Ventricular Arrhythmias. Introduction: The characteristics of the local electrogram at the optimal ablation site of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the right ventricle close to the His bundle (HB) region have rarely been described. Methods and Results: Among 190 consecutive patients with idiopathic VAs with left bundle branch block morphology and inferior‐axis deviation, 16 were found to have successful ablation site in the right ventricle close to the HB region (para‐Hisian group). The electrophysiologic data were compared between the patients in the para‐Hisian group and those with VAs arising from the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (RVOT group). The distal bipolar electrogram at the successful ablation sites in the para‐Hisian group exhibited a significantly greater R‐wave duration, lower R‐wave amplitude, and slower upright deflection of the initial R wave than did those in the RVOT group (all P < 0.001). In the para‐Hisian group, a total of 56 radiofrequency (RF) energy applications were delivered, of which the local electrograms at 16 successful and 40 unsuccessful ablation sites were reviewed. High‐frequency R‐wave potentials of the bipolar electrogram were present in 14 (88%) of the successful ablation sites. An R‐wave duration of greater than 34 ms had a discriminatory power for indicating the site of a successful ablation (area under the receiver–operator characteristics curve 0.90, sensitivity 94%, specificity 80%). Conclusions: The successful ablation site of the para‐Hisian VAs had distinctive local electrogram characteristics. A longer R‐wave duration of the bipolar electrogram with high‐frequency potentials could be a novel predictor of a successful ablation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 878‐885, August 2011)