bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza in a population of Dutch children with influenza‐like signs and symptoms
Authors: Smit Patrick M , Bongers Karlien M , Kuiper Rosalie JL , von Rosenstiel Ines A , Smits Paul HM , Brandjes Dees PM 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine causative respiratory pathogens and describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics in a paediatric population with influenza‐like illness during the 2009 H1N1‐pandemic.Methods:  Observational study of 412 children visiting an outpatient clinic of a Dutch teaching hospital.Results:  From August to December 2009, 412 children were tested at the clinic; 32% proved H1N1‐positive, confirmed by reverse‐transcriptase‐polymerase‐chain‐reaction (RT‐PCR). Pathogens were detected in 65% of samples. Influenza A(H1N1) (n = 132), human rhinovirus (n = 55), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 45) and adenovirus (n = 34) were mostly identified. Co‐infections were seen in 34 children (8.3%). Mean age was 6.8 and 4.2 years in H1N1‐positive and H1N1‐negative cases, respectively (p < 0.01). H1N1‐positive outpatient children reported fever, cough and rhinorrhoea more frequently than their H1N1‐negative counterparts. Of 72 hospitalized children, 31% proved H1N1‐positive; all showed a relatively mild clinical illness. None of the children had been admitted to an intensive care unit or died. Oseltamivir treatment was initiated in 72 children and discontinued in 42 (63%) when RT‐PCR results turned negative.Conclusion:  The 2009 H1N1‐pandemic showed a mild clinical course in a Dutch paediatric outpatient clinic population. Respiratory pathogens were detected in the majority of children with influenza‐like illness and influenza A(H1N1) virus was identified in one‐third. Testing symptomatic children during an influenza pandemic has effectively limited the use of oseltamivir.
Response of blanket bog vegetation to drain‐blocking
Authors: Bellamy Paul E. , Stephen Leigh , Maclean Iain S. , Grant Murray C. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Question: Does blocking of moorland drains increase bog vegetation on blanket peat?
Location: Two sites with blocked drains and two with unblocked drains on Forsinard Flows National Nature Reserve, Sutherland, UK.
Methods: Vegetation cover was recorded from 70 locations, with 12 sampling points at different distances (0.5‐14.5 m) from moorland drains in each location. Gradients in the cover of species indicative of wet and dry conditions, as well as bog recovery and degradation in relation to distance from drain, were compared from a sample of drains at two sites with blocked drains and two with unblocked drains.
Results: There was evidence for drain‐blocking having a negative effect on vegetation indicative of drier conditions and bog degradation. One of the blocked sites had the lowest values of these indices near to the drain and increasing at greater distances perpendicular from the drain. The two unblocked sites, and the other blocked site, had a contrasting pattern of highest values of these indices close to the drain declining with distance. Cover of species indicative of bog recovery was greater where the drains had been blocked for the longest time.
Conclusions: In some cases drain‐blocking can improve the ecological functioning of blanket bogs by increasing cover of healthy bog vegetation. Further studies into the causes of such variability in restoring vegetation through drain‐blocking are needed to aid targeting of peatland restoration projects to areas or methods most likely to be effective.
Bromocriptine inhibits salsolinol‐induced prolactin release in male goats
Authors: HASHIZUME Tsutomu , SAWADA Tatsuru , NAKAJIMA Yuka , YAEGASHI Tomoyoshi , SAITO Hayato , GOTO Yuki , JIN Jin , FÜLÖP Ferenc , NAGY György Miklos 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe secretion of prolactin (PRL) is under the dominant and tonic inhibitory control of dopamine (DA); however, we have recently found that salsolinol (SAL), an endogenous DA‐derived compound, strongly stimulated the release of PRL in ruminants. The aim of the present study was to clarify the inhibitory effect of DA on the SAL‐induced release of PRL in ruminants. The experiments were performed from late June to early July. Male goats were given a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL (5 mg/kg body weight (BW)), a DA receptor antagonist (sulpiride, 0.1 mg/kg BW), or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH, 1 µg/kg BW) before and after treatment with a DA receptor agonist (bromocriptine), and the effect of DA on SAL‐induced PRL release was compared to that on sulpiride‐ or TRH‐induced release. Bromocriptine completely inhibited the SAL‐induced release of PRL (P < 0.05), and the area under the response curve (AUC) for a 120‐min period after the treatment with bromocriptine was 1/28 of that for before the treatment (P < 0.05). Bromocriptine also completely inhibited the sulpiride‐induced release (P < 0.05). The AUC post‐treatment was 1/17 that of pre‐treatment with bromocriptine (P < 0.05). Bromocriptine also inhibited the TRH‐induced release (P < 0.05), though not completely. The AUC post‐treatment was 1/3.8 that of pre‐treatment (P < 0.05). These results indicate that DA inhibits the SAL‐induced release of PRL in male goats, and suggest that SAL and DA are involved in regulating the secretion of PRL. They also suggest that in terms of the regulatory process for the secretion of PRL, SAL resembles sulpiride but differs from TRH.
The Impact of Mid-Urethral Slings for the Treatment of Urodynamic Stress Incontinence on Female Sexual Function: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Filocamo Maria Teresa , Serati Maurizio , Frumenzio Emanuela , Marzi Vincenzo Li , Cattoni Elena , Champagne Alison , Salvatore Stefano , Nicita Giulio , Costantini Elisabetta 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Urinary incontinence is a common condition that negatively impacts on female sexuality (FS).

Aim
To evaluate FS before and after a mid-urethral sling (MUS) procedure using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). We included women that were both sexually and nonsexually active at baseline.

Methods
One hundred fifty-seven women complaining of urodynamic stress incontinence underwent a MUS procedure and were enrolled in the study. All patients answered the Italian translation of FSFI, before and 12 months after surgery. To understand the real impact of the MUS on female sexual function, for the first time in the literature, we also monitored and included in the final analysis all the women who are nonsexually active at baseline. We evaluated the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction according to the FSFI cutoff point (26.55).

Main Outcome Measures
FSFI total score, pads use, and stress test presurgery and postsurgery.

Results
One hundred thirty-three patients completed the study protocol: 105 out of 133 underwent to a trans-obturator procedure, while 28 out of 133 had a retropubic procedure. After the 12-month follow up, 115 out of 133 patients (86%) were dry, 10 improved their symptoms, and the remaining 8 were unchanged. Seventy-nine out of 133 (59%) patients reported an active sexual life before surgery. Fifty-four (41%) reported they were not sexually active before surgery. Twelve months after surgery, 22 out of 54 nonsexually active women (40%) reestablished sexual activity, whereas only 6 out of 79 (7.5%) patients, sexually active at baseline, were not sexually active 1 year after surgery (P &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for multiple testing, only age, menopause, and storage symptoms remained significantly correlated with the FSFI total score postsurgery as independent variables.

Conclusions
Our data showed that after a MUS procedure, female sexual function improves. We also found that a very relevant percentage of nonsexually active women reported renewed sexual activity after MUS.
Oral health messages for the Australian public. Findings of a national consensus workshop#
Authors:   National Oral Health Promotion Clearing House
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Australian National Oral Health Plan 2004–2013 noted the importance of oral health promotion in improving oral health and stated that broad agreement was required on a consistent suite of evidence‐based oral health promotion messages. Consistent messages are needed to avoid confusion among the public and to assist the advocacy for oral health being integrated into general health promotion. A workshop was held to examine the scientific evidence and develop consensus oral health messages for the Australian public which are in line with the general health messages recommended by Australian health authorities.
Kras, Pten, NF-κB, and Inflammation: Dangerous Liaisons
Authors: Chiao Paul J. , Ling Jianhua 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Ying and colleagues identify a novel function of Pten as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in human pancreatic cancer development. Genomic, genetic, and biochemical data reveal that Pten loss and Kras mutation cooperate to accelerate pancreatic cancer development by altering PI3K regulation to enhance NF-κB activation and upregulate downstream cytokine genes; this provides a protumorigenic and metastatic microenvironment. Cancer Discovery; 1(2); 103–5. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Ying et al., p. 158
The First Line of Intra-abdominal Metastatic Attack: Breaching the Mesothelial Cell Layer
Authors: Kenny Hilary A. , Nieman Kristin M. , Mitra Anirban K. , Lengyel Ernst 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Iwanicki and colleagues reveal that ovarian cancer spheroids clear mesothelial cells which cover the surface of the abdominal cavity using myosin-generated force. Cancer Discovery; 1(2); 100–2. ©2011 AACR.
Commentary on Iwanicki et al., p. 144
Global Climate Change and the Industrial Animal Agriculture Link: The Construction of Risk
Authors: Bristow Elizabeth 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper examines discourses of stakeholders regarding global climate change to assess whether and how they construct industrial animal agriculture as posing a risk. The analysis assesses whether these discourses have shifted since the release of Livestock’s Long Shadow, a report by the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization, which indicated that the industrial animal agriculture sector as a whole contributes more to global climate change than the transportation sector. Using Ulrich Beck’s theorizing of the “risk society,” this paper examines how various animal rights and welfare groups, environmental organizations, meat industry stakeholders, governmental agencies, and newspapers in Canada, the United States, and internationally investigate and construct industrial animal agriculture as a risk, if at all, and how their respective discourses conflict. The findings indicate that while some stakeholders acknowledge industrial animal agriculture’s contribution to global climate change, for the most part the problematization of animal agriculture has not increased since the release of Livestock’s Long Shadow, and the animal agriculture industry has seemingly not lost its power to “rationalize risk.”
Seventh Graders’ Direct Experience with, and Feelings toward, Amphibians and Some Other Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Tomažič Iztok 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study investigated how seventh-grade students (11-12 years old) rate their fear of, and disgust toward, amphibians in comparison to some other nonhuman animal species. For the purpose of evaluating these variables, a questionnaire with open-ended and self-report questions was used. The study found that direct experience of animals significantly affects students’ self-reported fear and disgust ratings. Boys generally reported less fear and disgust toward animals than girls. With regard to amphibians, students expressed relatively high disgust, but low fear. There were no differences in disgust ratings between boys and girls. Also, a majority of students reported having no direct experience of amphibians, and their attitudes hovered between negative and neutral. Factor analysis placed amphibians in a category of disgust-relevant animals. The other two categories that emerged were interpreted as fear-relevant animals and companion animals. The study concluded that education should place greater importance on allowing students to experience a variety of different animal species directly in order to foster positive change in their feelings and attitudes toward them, and at the same time to build on their understanding of animals.
The Principles of Animal Advocacy in Islam: Four Integrated Ecognitions
Authors: Haque Nadeem , Masri Al-Hafiz Basheer Ahmad 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Qurān—the scripture of the Muslims, which purports to be from the Creator of the Universe—presents a rational, holistic, and integrated view of life, where the human being is considered an integral, coexistential part of nature who has responsibilities as representative of the Creator on earth. This responsibility is both based on, and directed by, four principles/realizations called “ecognitions,” from which all animal rights can be formulated and through which a case for proactive animal advocacy can be advanced. It is argued that the Qurānic view, from which the four ecognitions are drawn, has the potential to enable the coexistence of human and nonhuman animals, in an optimally harmonious way, for the 21st century and beyond.
Strong Claims, Feeble Evidence: A Rejoinder to Falk et al. (2010)
Authors: Malamud Randy , Lilienfeld Scott O. , Broglio Ron , Nobis Nathan , Marino Lori 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe criticisms of Falk et al. (2010) are addressed, and the question of whether claims made by Falk et al. (2007) are valid is revisited. This rebuttal contends that Falk et al. (2007) misconstrue Popper’s role in philosophy of science and hence do not provide a strong test of their hypothesis. Falk et al. (2010) claim that they never made causal statements about the impact of zoo and aquarium visits in their 2007 study. Yet, this commentary shows that Falk et al. (2007) draw several unsupported, strong causal conclusions. The criticism that primary documents were not used in Marino et al. (2010) is also addressed, as this refutation demonstrates that the analysis was based on all available documents. Finally, this commentary aims, through its criticisms of Falk et al. (2007), to catalyze better-quality research on the effects of zoo and aquarium visits.
Furries and the Limits of Species Identity Disorder: A Response to Gerbasi et al.
Authors: Probyn-Rapsey Fiona 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis is a response to an article published inSociety & Animals in 2008 that argued for the existence of a “species identity disorder” in some furries. Species identity disorder is modeled on gender identity disorder, itself a highly controversial diagnosis that has been criticized for pathologizing homosexuality and transgendered people. This response examines the claims of the article (and the design of the study itself) and suggests that the typology it constructs is based on unexamined assumptions about what constitutes “human” identity and regulatory fictions of gender identity.
Why so FURious? Rebuttal of Dr. Fiona Probyn-Rapsey’s Response to Gerbasi et al.’s Furries from A to Z (Anthropomorphism to Zoomorphism)”
Authors: Gerbasi Kathleen C. , Bernstein Penny L. , Scaletta Laura L. , Plante C. Nuka 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis is a rebuttal to Fiona Probyn-Rapsey’s criticisms of the original furry research conducted in 2006 and published in 2008. Her focus on gender identity disorder misses the main point of the study, which was that it was the first empirical study to collect data scientifically and report findings on the furry fandom, an often misrepresented subculture.
Sexing the Rotifer: Reading Nonhuman Animals’ Sex and Reproduction in 19th-Century Biology
Authors: Ebeling K. Smilla 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper looks at the role nonhuman animals play in how we think about sex, gender, and sexuality in zoology and in society. In examining the history of ideas regarding a microscopic invertebrate species—rotifers—the paper explores how humans have projected aspects of their lives onto nonhuman animals and how they have extrapolated from nonhuman animals to human society. The paper emphasizes the intersections between knowledge about nonhuman animals and gender and sexuality politics.
Sexual Difference, Gender, and (Microscopic) Animals: A Commentary on Ebeling’s “Sexing the Rotifer”
Authors: Åsberg Cecilia 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this commentary, the microscopic animals of the genus Rotifera, or “rotifers,” emerge as a theory-provoking nonhuman animal. Rotifers embody otherness in ways that may intrigue scholars within both Human-Animal Studies and feminist science studies. In their encounter with rotifers, such fields of research (and others) might also engage each other in new, unexpected, and fruitful ways, as is here argued.
Universalising Europe: In the Spirit of Rabindranath Tagore 1
Authors: Munshi Surendra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRabindranath Tagore, the Indian poet, made a distinction between ‘the spirit of the West’ and ‘the nation of the West.’ While the spirit of the West is moved by freedom, he argued, the nation of the West manufactures unbreakable chains. He was distressed by colonial misery as well as by the two World Wars which in his eyes were the result of aggressive nationalistic interests. He argued in favour of going beyond nationalism and through cooperation between cultures for humanity to win back its lost human heritage. At a time when Europe is trying to go beyond national rivalries and create the possibility of peace, we need to look forward. Tagore is relevant here. What is needed is not to ‘provincialize Europe’ as has been argued from a post-colonial perspective, but to ‘universalise Europe,’ not in the false sense of its arrogant boast which sounds more and more hollow now, but rather in the spirit of Tagore and before him in the spirit of a European like Goethe. This is where Europeans need non-Europeans, just as non-Europeans need Europeans for their own projects.
What Is Living and What Is Dead in the Marxist Theory of History
Authors: Chibber Vivek 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDuring the 1980s and 1990s, the debate on the Marxist theory of history centred largely around the work of Robert Brenner’s property-relations-centred construal of it, and G.A. Cohen’s attempt to revive the classical, determinist argument. This article examines two influential arguments by Erik Wright and his colleagues, and by Alan Carling, which acknowledge important weaknesses in Cohen’s work, but which also try to construct a more plausible version of his theory. I show that the attempts to rescue Cohen are largely unsuccessful. And, to the extent that they render the argument plausible, they do so at the cost of turning it, willy-nilly, into a kind of class-struggle theory. I conclude that this spells the demise of the classical version of historical materialism, but also observe that this does not leave us with a voluntaristic understanding of history, as some of its defenders fear.
William Faulkner: An Economy of Complex Words
Authors: Lawson Andrew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis review-essay explores the theoretical and methodological innovations of Richard Godden’s William Faulkner, arguing that it makes a signal contribution to historical materialism in literary studies. The article focuses on Godden’s concept of ‘generative structure’, and relates the term to earlier usages by Aglietta and Jameson. After summarising the close readings of Faulkner’s texts performed by Godden, the article suggests an expanded rôle for biography in making the linkages between economy, psyche and text which form the basis of Godden’s analysis.
Gamāl al-Ghītānī’s Pyramid Texts and the Fiction of Jorge Luis Borges: A Comparative Study
Authors: Azouqa Aida O. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Egyptian author Gamāl al-Ghītānī (b. 1945) published Pyramid Texts in 1994; nevertheless, the present scholarship on al-Ghītānī overlooks Pyramid Texts. In the absence of studies on Pyramid Texts, this article approaches the text from two vantage points. First it asserts that it is a metafictional text. The assertion is based on its attributes as a parataxical, non-representational, and self-referential text that belongs to the “anti-novel” and deals with metafictional themes. Secondly, it contends that formal attributes of Pyramid Texts derive from the fiction of the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986). The justification for such a contention emanates from their mutual use of geometric forms in the form of pyramids and labyrinths as metaphors. In this respect, the labyrinthine setting in Borges’ fiction gives the text its form, and functions simultaneously as a metaphor for the narrative’s ontological and metafictional concerns. Al-Ghītānī substituted the pyramid for the labyrinth; in the fiction of Borges his images remain horizontal, whereas al-Ghītānī gave Pyramid Texts the vertical form of a pyramid. The intertextuality between Pyramid Texts and the work of Borges centers on the use of geometric images of infinity in the form of pyramids and labyrinths as metaphors for fictional concerns.
“A Raging Sirocco”: Structures of Dysphoric Feeling in Midaq Alley
Authors: Scott Bede 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article explores the crisis initiated by colonial modernity in Naguib Mahfouz’s 1947 novel Midaq Alley. I begin by discussing the significance of anger within the narrative, arguing that this dominant structure of feeling could be read as a collective response to wider social and historical forces. In other words, rather than understanding emotion as the “subjective property” of the individual, I regard it here as a relational practice embedded within and determined by quite specific sociocultural circumstances. I then proceed to discuss the role of rumour in the novel and the significance of its pronounced melodramatic qualities. In the first case, I shall argue, the circulation of rumour provides a way of containing or quarantining the negative feelings produced by modernity, while also reinforcing the boundaries of a community facing the very real possibility of its own demise. In the second case, I would like to suggest that the narrative’s tendency to privilege the melodramatic mode creates a sense of social order and moral intelligibility by channelling these feelings into a stable and predictable generic structure. This latter project is ultimately frustrated, however, when the forces of evil emerge to destroy the novel’s principle representative of virtue.
Restrained Integration of European Case Reports in Danish Legal Information Systems and Culture
Authors: Olsen Henrik Palmer , Gøtze Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCourt decisions not only serve to end legal disputes between the parties to the case, but also serve as precedents. In that sense court decisions are a source of law. This is common ground as to both national and European court decisions. Noting the existence of a context in which Danish legal information systems only publish case reports very selectively, we argue that although decisions of the European courts, notably European Court of Justice and European Court of Human Rights, are available from the homepages of these courts (CURIA and HUDOC), the fact that these decisions are not part of an integrated dissemination of case reports in Denmark may diminish the regard for these decisions and lead to a relative neglect of European law to the detriment of legal certainty. The article proposes that one explanatory factor in this regard is that the main legal information system in Denmark is influenced by a legal culture which is still predominantly national in orientation. In order to promote awareness of European case law and to improve the quality of legal thinking and practice, we propose that significant parts of this case law should be published in a more suitable way by incorporating it into a comprehensive information system that integrates the promulgation of Danish and European case law.