bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a larger patient benefit always better in healthcare priority setting?
Authors: Sandman Lars , Liliemark Jan , Gustavsson Erik , Henriksson Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen considering the introduction of a new intervention in a budget constrained healthcare system, priority setting based on fair principles is fundamental. In many jurisdictions, a multi-criteria approach with several different considerations is employed, including severity and cost-effectiveness. Such multi-criteria approaches raise questions about how to balance different considerations against each other, and how to understand the logical or normative relations between them. For example, some jurisdictions make explicit reference to a large patient benefit as such a consideration. However, since patient benefit is part of a cost-effectiveness assessment it is not clear how to balance considerations of greater patient benefit against considerations of severity and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of a large patient benefit as an independent criterion for priority setting in a healthcare system also considering severity and cost-effectiveness. By taking the opportunity cost of new interventions (i.e., the health forgone in patients already receiving treatment) into account, we argue that patient benefit has a complex relationship to priority setting. More specifically, it cannot be reasonably concluded that large patient benefits should be given priority if severity, cost-effectiveness, and opportunity costs are held constant. Since we cannot find general support for taking patient benefit into account as an independent criterion from any of the most discussed theories about distributive justice: utilitarianism, prioritarianism, telic egalitarianism and sufficientarianism, it is reasonable to avoid doing so. Hence, given the complexity of the role of patient benefit, we conclude that in priority practice, a large patient benefit should not be considered as an independent criterion, on top of considerations of severity and cost-effectiveness.
The Persistence of Gender Inequality in e-Science: The Case of eSec
Authors: Karakaş Öznur 
Published: June 2024

AbstractE-science, or networked, collaborative and multidisciplinary scientific research on a shared e-infrastructure using computational tools, methods and applications, has also brought about new networked organizational forms in the transition of higher education towards the entrepreneurial academy. While the under-representation of women in ICTs is well-recorded, it is also known that the potential of new organizational forms such as networked structures to promote gender equality remains ambiguous, as they tend to perpetuate already existing inequalities due to their embeddedness in larger and longer-term structural or institutional gender effects. Based on a year-long ethnographic study in a networked academic e-science collaboration in Sweden and 45 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with its affiliated researchers, this article analyzes the multi-level obstacles to achieving gender equality in e-science to highlight the ways in which gendered disparities persist in this new, project-based academic networked organization in Sweden, hereafter called eSec. At the organizational level eSec remains deeply embedded in the traditional disciplinary and institutional academic setting, inadvertently reproducing existing gender imbalances across sciences. Furthermore, as a project-based organization, it is also embedded in the shift towards an entrepreneurial university model driven by new managerialism, the latter having a well-documented adverse effect in gender equality. This represents a structural-level obstacle which leads to especially female junior faculty leaving academy for industry. An individual level obstacle is observed alongside these as disavowal (Verleugnung) of gender disparities, an affect identified as a key mechanism of subjectivation in neoliberalism.
Whether Prayer Among Polish Employees Is Related to Egoism at Work: The Moderating Role of Employees’ Perception of Their Relationship With God and the Mediating Role of Humility
Authors: Wnuk Marcin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrayer can provide some benefits at work, but only if it is connected with strengthening the person’s close and truthful relationship with God. There is a lack of research regarding the role of this religious practice in antisocial behavior at work and the mechanisms explaining these links. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the association between prayer and egoism at work, taking into account the perception of the relationship with God as a moderator and humility as well as lack of haughtiness as mediators in this connection. The study sample consisted of 754 full-time Polish employees. The mechanisms underpinning the association between prayer and egoism at work were shown. Only for those employees with the highest results in their perception of their relationship with God was prayer positively related to humility and lack of haughtiness and negatively related to egoism at work. Moreover, only in a group of employees with higher than average results in their perception of their relationship to God was a moderated mediating effect noticed. In representatives of this group, prayer was positively related to humility and a lack of haughtiness, which in turn negatively predicted egoism at work. The benefits of prayer at work—humility and a lack of haughtiness and egoism—were confirmed, but only for employees with a perceived close relationship with God. In Polish employees who perceive that they have a close relationship with God, prayer is recommended for cultivating humility and reducing haughtiness as well as egoism at work.
Protocols versus practice: unravelling clinical checking variations in community pharmacies in England—a multi-method study
Authors: Elgebli Ali , Hall Jason , Phipps Denham L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Standardisation, a widely accepted concept for risk management, entails designing and implementing task-specific operating procedures. In community pharmacies, Standardised Operating Procedures (SOPs) are a mandatory requirement and are recognised as essential for upholding safety and quality.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate community pharmacists’ (CPs) compliance with SOPs when checking prescriptions, and the reasons for variations between standardised protocols and practice.

Method
Eight sets of SOPs underwent hierarchical task analysis (HTA) to generate a normative description of clinical checking execution as per protocols. Subsequently, twelve CPs were engaged in a simulated clinical checking exercise, verbalising their thoughts while checking virtual prescriptions. Transcribed data underwent content analysis, aligned with a descriptive model to uncover engagement patterns, and disparities between SOPs and CPs’ practices. Finally, a focus group discussion took place to contextualise the observed variations.

Results
HTA aided in constructing a clinical checking model with six primary subtasks and 28 lower subtasks. CPs often omitted subtasks during checks, diverging from prescribed protocols. These deviations, observed in controlled environment, reveal an ingrained aspect within the professional culture of pharmacists, where there may be a tendency not to strictly adhere to protocols, despite variations in work conditions. Contributing factors to this culture include the exercise of professional judgment, reliance on others, and prioritisation of patient preferences.

Conclusion
This study highlights ongoing deviations from SOPs during clinical prescription checks in community pharmacies, suggesting a cultural tendency. Future research should delve into risk management strategies for these deviations and address the delicate balance between flexibility and stringent compliance.
Justification as a dimension of rationality
Authors: Siscoe Robert Weston 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow are justified belief and rational belief related? Some philosophers think that justified belief and rational belief come to the same thing. Others take it that justification is a matter of how well a particular belief is supported by the evidence, while rational belief is a matter of how well a belief coheres with a person’s other beliefs. In this paper, I defend the view that justification is a dimension of rationality, a view that can make sense of both of these conflicting accounts. When it modifies belief, ‘rational’ is a multidimensional adjective, as there are multiple dimensions along which a belief can be rational. I will argue that one of these dimensions is justification, an account that can not only explain why philosophers give diverging theories of the relationship between justified belief and rational belief, but can also reveal why rational belief and justified belief are closely related despite being distinct.
Saving logic from paradox via nonclassical recapture
Authors: Castaldo Luca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Liar paradox arguably shows that a coherent and self-applicable notion of truth is governed by nonclassical logic. It then seems natural to conclude that classical logic is inadequate for defining a truth theory. In this article, we argue that this is not the case. In the spirit of Reinhardt (Math Logic Formal Syst 94:227, 1985; J Philos Logic 15:219–251, 1986), and in analogy with Hilbert’s program for the foundation of classical mathematics, we will articulate an instrumentalist justification for the use classical logic: it will be argued that classical reasoning is a useful but dispensable instrument, which can yield philosophically adequate truth theories.
Motivating a standardised approach to financial intelligence: a typological scoping review of money laundering methods and trends
Authors: Akartuna Eray Arda , Johnson Shane D. , Thornton Amy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesA comprehensive scoping review, followed by visual analyses of results, was conducted to understand the overall money laundering threat landscape.MethodsA PRSIMA-ScR-compliant review of 105 money laundering ‘typologies and trends’ reports was conducted, coding different components of money laundering and addressing the often-inconsistent nature of typologies reporting.ResultsThe review identified 16 typologies, over 200 value instruments, over 200 actors/entities and 2565 red-flag indicators relevant to money laundering. Results were visualised to identify aggregate trends, including the suspicious activities with which these actors/entities and value instruments are typically involved.ConclusionThe review suggests that a more holistic and cross-typological approach to reporting money laundering-related financial intelligence can assist in fostering better data sharing and cooperation across jurisdictions. Implications are drawn for how ‘typologies’ can be reported and articulated across relevant stakeholders in a more standardised and effective manner to improve prevention measures.
Advances in the integration of microalgal communities for biomonitoring of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mulenga Mary , Monde Concillia , Johnson Todd , Ouma Kennedy O. , Syampungani Stephen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review elucidated the recent advances in integrating microalgal communities in monitoring metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It also highlighted the potential of incorporating microalgae as bioindicators in emerging technologies, identified research gaps, and suggested directions for further research in biomonitoring of metal pollution. Reputable online scholarly databases were used to identify research articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 for synthesis. Results indicated that microalgae were integrated either individually or combined with other bioindicators, mainly macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and fish, alongside physicochemical monitoring. There was a significantly low level of integration (< 1%) of microalgae for biomonitoring aquatic metal pollution in SSA compared to other geographical regions. Microalgal communities were employed to assess compliance (76%), in diagnosis (38%), and as early-warning systems (38%) of aquatic ecological health status. About 14% of biomonitoring studies integrated microalgal eDNA, while other technologies, such as remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and biosensors, are yet to be significantly incorporated. Nevertheless, there is potential for the aforementioned emerging technologies for monitoring aquatic metal pollution in SSA. Future monitoring in the region should also consider the standardisation and synchronisation of integrative biomonitoring and embrace the “Citizen Science” concept at national and regional scales.
Graphical abstract
Two-dimensional materials for future information technology: status and prospects
Authors: Qiu Hao , Yu Zhihao , Zhao Tiange , Zhang Qi , Xu Mingsheng , Li Peifeng , Li Taotao , Bao Wenzhong , Chai Yang , Chen Shula , Chen Yiqi , Cheng Hui-Ming , Dai Daoxin , Di Zengfeng , Dong Zhuo , Duan Xidong , Feng Yuhan , Fu Yu , Guo Jingshu , Guo Pengwen , Hao Yue , He Jun , He Xiao , Hu Jingyi , Hu Weida , Hu Zehua , Huang Xinyue , Huang Ziyang , Imran Ali , Kong Ziqiang , Li Jia , Li Qian , Li Weisheng , Liao Lei , Liu Bilu , Liu Can , Liu Chunsen , Liu Guanyu , Liu Kaihui , Liu Liwei , Liu Sheng , Liu Yuan , Lu Donglin , Ma Likuan , Miao Feng , Ni Zhenhua , Ning Jing , Pan Anlian , Ren Tian-Ling , Shu Haowen , Sun Litao , Sun Yue , Tao Quanyang , Tian Zi-Ao , Wang Dong , Wang Hao , Wang Haomin , Wang Jialong , Wang Junyong , Wang Wenhui , Wang Xingjun , Wang Yeliang , Wang Yuwei , Wang Zhenyu , Wen Yao , Wu Haidi , Wu Hongzhao , Wu Jiangbin , Wu Yanqing , Xia Longfei , Xiang Baixu , Xing Luwen , Xiong Qihua , Xiong Xiong , Xu Jeffrey , Xu Tao , Xu Yang , Yang Liu , Yang Yi , Yang Yuekun , Ye Lei , Ye Yu , Yu Bin , Yu Ting , Zeng Hui , Zhang Guangyu , Zhang Hongyun , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Kai , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xinbo , Zhang Yanfeng , Zhao Chunsong , Zhao Yuda , Zheng Ting , Zhou Peng , Zhou Shuyun , Zhu Yuxuan , Yang Deren , Shi Yi , Wang Han , Wang Xinran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the past 70 years, the semiconductor industry has undergone transformative changes, largely driven by the miniaturization of devices and the integration of innovative structures and materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene are pivotal in overcoming the limitations of silicon-based technologies, offering innovative approaches in transistor design and functionality, enabling atomic-thin channel transistors and monolithic 3D integration. We review the important progress in the application of 2D materials in future information technology, focusing in particular on microelectronics and optoelectronics. We comprehensively summarize the key advancements across material production, characterization metrology, electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, and heterogeneous integration on silicon. A strategic roadmap and key challenges for the transition of 2D materials from basic research to industrial development are outlined. To facilitate such a transition, key technologies and tools dedicated to 2D materials must be developed to meet industrial standards, and the employment of AI in material growth, characterizations, and circuit design will be essential. It is time for academia to actively engage with industry to drive the next 10 years of 2D material research.
Electrostatic Dipole Polarizability and Plasmon Resonances of Multilayer Nanoshells
Authors: Ugwuoke Luke. C. , Tame Mark. S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe propose a generalized formula for calculating the dipole polarizability of spherical multilayer nanoshells (MNSs) within the long-wavelength approximation (LWA). Given a MNS with a finite number of concentric layers, radii, and dielectric properties, embedded in a dielectric medium, in the presence of a uniform electric field, we show that its frequency-dependent and complex dipole polarizability can be expressed in terms of the dipole polarizability of the preceding MNS. This approach is different from previous more involved methods where the LWA polarizability of a MNS is usually derived from scattering coefficients. Using both finite-element method- and Mie theory-based simulations, we show that our proposed formula reproduces the usual LWA results, when it is used to predict absorption spectra, by comparing the results to simulated spectra obtained from MNSs with n number of layers up to n = 6 layers. An iterative algorithm for calculating the dipole polarizability of a MNS based on the generalized formula is presented. A Fröhlich function whose zeroes correspond to the dipolar localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) supported by the MNS is proposed. We identify a pairing behaviour by some LSPRs in the Fröhlich function that might also be useful for mode characterization.
Effect of trabecular architectures on the mechanical response in osteoporotic and healthy human bone
Authors: Bregoli Chiara , Biffi Carlo Alberto , Tuissi Ausonio , Buccino Federica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch at the mesoscale bone trabeculae arrangement yields intriguing results that, due to their clinical resolution, can be applied in clinical field, contributing significantly to the diagnosis of bone-related diseases. While the literature offers quantitative morphometric parameters for a thorough characterization of the mesoscale bone network, there is a gap in understanding relationships among them, particularly in the context of various bone pathologies. This research aims to bridge these gaps by offering a quantitative evaluation of the interplay among morphometric parameters and mechanical response at mesoscale in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bones. Bone mechanical response, dependent on trabecular arrangement, is defined by apparent stiffness, computationally calculated using the Gibson-Ashby model. Key findings indicate that: (i) in addition to bone density, measured using X-ray absorptiometry, trabecular connectivity density, trabecular spacing and degree of anisotropy are crucial parameters for characterize osteoporosis state; (ii) apparent stiffness values exhibit strong correlations with bone density and connectivity density; (iii) connectivity density and degree of anisotropy result the best predictors of mechanical response. Despite the inherent heterogeneity in bone structure, suggesting the potential benefit of a larger sample size in the future, this approach presents a valuable method to enhance discrimination between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic samples.
Graphical Abstract
Microstructural Analysis of K-TIG-Welded New Ni-Based Superalloy VDM Alloy 780
Authors: Ariaseta Achmad , Khan Abdul Khaliq , Andersson Joel , Ojo Olanrewaju 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe fusion zone microstructures in K-TIG-welded and post-weld solution heat-treated new superalloy VDM Alloy 780 were examined. In addition, the kinetics of the base metal grain growth during solution heat treatments were analyzed. (S)TEM analyses show that major interdendritic microconstituents formed in the fusion zone due to elemental microsegregation are MC carbides and coarse irregularly shaped Laves phase. Additionally, minor secondary interdendritic phases are found to include γ′, γ″, and tiny plate-like Laves particles. To prevent any potential deterioration of mechanical properties caused by the irregular Laves phase, post-weld solution heat treatments (PWSHTs) at 954 °C to 1060 °C/1 hours were performed to remove the Laves phase. PWSHT at 954 °C only partially eliminates the Laves particles while forming an abundance of interdendritic δ/η phase. Laves phase is dissolved entirely without forming δ/η platelets after PWSHT at 1060 °C. It is proven that Laves eutectics in VDM Alloy 780’s fusion zone can be eliminated through PWSHT without significantly coarsening the base metal’s grain size in comparison to Alloy 718 as a result of substantial grain growth inhibition likely caused by solute segregation at grain boundaries.
Navigating paradoxical tension: the influence of big corporations on startup sustainability performance in asymmetric collaborations
Authors: Ammirato Salvatore , Felicetti Alberto Michele , Filippelli Serena , Maran Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In today's competitive landscape, startups and large corporations increasingly acknowledge the mutual benefits of collaboration. Despite the apparent benefits, collaborations come with their own set of challenges that may affect their success. This research delves into the dynamics of collaborations between startups and large corporations, assuming the startup’s perspective. It aims to explore the paradoxical tensions arising from this asymmetrical relationship and how they impact the sustainability performance of startups. It further investigates how startups manage the pressures of large corporations to prioritise short-term gains over long-term sustainability goals, examining the role of ambidexterity in maintaining a commitment to sustainability when facing these challenges. Through a survey conducted among 189 Born-Sustainable Italian startups engaged in open innovation initiatives with large corporations, this paper seeks to uncover how these pressures influence startups' ability to achieve sustainable performance and balance immediate performance expectations with long-term sustainability goals. The findings are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that enable startups to navigate the complexities of collaborations, enhancing innovation, resilience, and sustainability performance, thus fostering a more collaborative and productive partnership.
Screening and Testing for Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency (HRD) in Breast Cancer: an Overview of the Current Global Landscape
Authors: Daly Gordon R. , Naidoo Sindhuja , Alabdulrahman Mohammad , McGrath Jason , Dowling Gavin P. , AlRawashdeh Maen M. , Hill Arnold D. K. , Varešlija Damir , Young Leonie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) increases breast cancer susceptibility and influences both prophylactic and active management of breast cancer. This review evaluates HRD testing and the therapeutic implications of HRD in a global context.

Recent Findings
Ongoing research efforts have highlighted the importance of HRD beyond BRCA1/2 as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, despite the improved affordability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the discovery of PARP inhibitors, economic and geographical barriers in access to HRD testing and breast cancer screening do not allow all patients to benefit from the personalized treatment approach they provide.

Summary
Advancements in HRD testing modalities and targeted therapeutics enable tailored breast cancer management. However, inequalities in access to testing and optimized treatments are contributing to widening health disparities globally.