bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterisation of a bacterial strain degrading the herbicide sulcotrione from an agricultural soil
Authors: Calvayrac Christophe , Martin‐Laurent Fabrice , Faveaux Alexia , Picault Nathalie , Panaud Olivier , Coste Camille‐Michel , Chaabane Hanene , Cooper Jean‐François 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The dissipation kinetics of the herbicide sulcotrione sprayed 4 times on a French soil was studied using a laboratory microcosm approach. An advanced cultivation‐based method was then used to isolate the bacteria responsible for biotransformation of sulcotrione. Chromatographic methods were employed as complementary tools to define its metabolic pathway.RESULTS: Soil microflora was able quickly to biotransform the herbicide (DT50 ≈ 8 days). 2‐Chloro‐4‐mesylbenzoic acid, one of its main metabolites, was clearly detected. However, no accelerated biodegradation process was observed. Eight pure sulcotrione‐resistant strains were isolated, but only one (1OP) was capable of degrading this herbicide with a relatively high efficiency and to use it as a sole source of carbon and energy. In parallel, another sulcotrione‐resistant strain (1TRANS) was shown to be incapable of degrading the herbicide. Amplified ribosomal restriction analysis (ARDRA) and repetitive extragenic palendromic PCR genomic (REP‐PCR) fingerprinting of strains 1OP and 1TRANS gave indistinguishable profiles.CONCLUSION: Sequencing and aligning analysis of 16S rDNA genes of each pure strain revealed identical sequences and a close phylogenetic relationship (99% sequence identity) to Pseudomonas putida. Such physiological and genetic properties of 1OP to metabolise sulcotrione were probably governed by mobile genetic elements in the genome of the bacteria. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Developing Drosophila suzukii management programs for sweet cherry in the western United States
Authors: Beers Elizabeth H , Van Steenwyk Robert A , Shearer Peter W , Coates William W , Grant Joseph A 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a newly introduced pest of sweet cherry on the west coast of North America which produces about 97% of the value of the US sweet cherry crop. D. suzukii initially caused considerable economic loss to cherry growers, who were unaware of this new pest. Little control information was available at the time of initial infestation. Pest control studies were initiated to examine the materials, timings and application methods to control D. suzukii in three major cherry‐producing states (California, Oregon and Washington).RESULTS: Three classes of registered insecticides, organophosphates, pyrethroids and spinosyns, have demonstrated good topical or residual activity against D. suzukii. Neonicotinoids and the systemic organophosphate dimethoate appear to be able to kill eggs or larvae in fruit. Preliminary timing studies indicate that at least two preharvest insecticide sprays are required to obtain control of D. suzukii in California cherry orchards. Aerially applied malathion ULV (ultra‐low volume) appears to be a viable control tactic for this pest.CONCLUSION: The results presented here form the basis for developing D. suzukii management programs in the western United States. Additional studies are needed to refine management practices for the different growing regions and conventional versus organic production requirements. Cherry growers will likely need to apply broad‐spectrum insecticides in a prophylactic manner until treatment thresholds and monitoring methods have been developed and validated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
SPATIAL PATTERN, DENSITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE WOOD IN CONNECTICUT STREAMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR STREAM RESTORATION PRIORITIES IN SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND
Authors: Costigan K. H. , Daniels M. D. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTMany streams have been modified so extensively that river managers do not have clear reference conditions to frame targets for stream restoration. Large woody debris (LWD) has long been recognized as an important influence on both geomorphic and ecologic processes in stream channels; however, there have been few studies of LWD dynamics in New England. Although this region is heavily forested today, the forest is predominantly young (70–90 years old) regrowth following a historical episode of severe deforestation. This study presents the results of an extensive census of LWD and associated stream characteristics in over 16 river kilometres of northeastern Connecticut streams and represents the first reported inventory of wood loading and sorting in Southern New England. Results of this study indicate that wood loading and jam frequencies in the study region are low: 2.5–17.8 and 0.5–5.51 per 100 m, respectively. Orientation of LWD is predominantly parallel to flow, an indication that these streams are not retaining organic matter or sediment, which has important geomorphic and ecologic implications. Results imply that stream recruitment of LWD is still lagging from the massive forest conversions of the 18th and 19th centuries. Given the low wood loadings observed in the study reaches, manual wood addition and continued forest regeneration would likely improve both habitat diversity and organic matter and fine sediment retention in these systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transmission of Light through Magnetic Nanocavities
Authors: Patoka Piotr , Skeren Tomas , Hilgendorff Michael , Zhi Linjie , Paudel Trilochan , Kempa Krzysztof , Giersig Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe transmission of light through a metallic film stack on a transparent substrate, perforated with a periodic array of cylindrical holes/nanocavities, is studied. The structure is fabricated by using self‐assembled nanosphere lithography. Since one layer in the film stack is made of a ferromagnetic metal (iron), exposure of the structure to a solution containing iron oxide nanoparticles causes nanoparticle accumulation inside the nanocavities. This changes the dielectric constant inside the nanocavities and thus affects the light transmission. Simulations are in good agreement with experiment, and show large sensitivity of the response to the amount of iron oxide nanoparticles deposited. This could be used in various sensor applications.
A joint communication and computing resource management scheme for pervasive grid networks
Authors: Tarchi Daniele , Tassi Andrea , Fantacci Romano 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe last years have been characterized by an increasing interest in the grid and cloud computing that allow the implementation of high performance computing structures in a distributed way by exploiting multiple processing resources. The presence of mobile terminals has extended the paradigm to the so called pervasive grid networks, where multiple heterogeneous devices are interconnected to form a distributed computing resource. In such a scenario, there is the need of efficient techniques for providing reliable wireless connections among network nodes. This paper deals with the proposal of a suitable resource management scheme relying on a routing algorithm able to perform jointly the resource discovery and task scheduling for implementing an efficient pervasive grid infrastructure in a wireless ad hoc scenario. The proposed solutions have been considered within two different parallelization processing schemes, and their effectiveness has been verified by resorting to computer simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the detection limits in the analysis of some medium atomic number elements measured with a portable XRF and an external proton beam PIXE spectrometer system
Authors: Kocsonya A. , Kovács I. , Szökefalvi‐Nagy Z. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA portable X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer system was constructed using an Amptek Mini‐X X‐ray tube and an X‐123 compact spectrometer. The spectrometer is optimised for the best limits of detection. Its analytic properties are tested and compared with an analogous laboratory‐based instrument, an external beam proton‐induced X‐ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) setup. Depending on elements in question the thick target detection limits of this portable XRF device are comparable or even lower than the PIXE setup. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthese und Strukturaufklärung Trimethylsiloxy‐funktionalisierter Kupferchalkogenidcluster
Authors: Langer Robert , Yu Wen , Wünsche Linda , Buth Gernot , Fuhr Olaf , Fenske Dieter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFour new copper chalcogenide clusters with trimethylsiloxy groups in the ligand shell have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compounds [Cu22Se6(S‐C6H4‐OSiMe3)10(PPh3)8] (1), [Cu36Se8(S‐C6H4‐OSiMe3)20(PPh3)8] (2) and [Cu52Se20(S‐C6H4‐OSiMe3)12(PPh3)11] (3) are core‐shell‐cluster, in which the heavy atom frameworks are built up of a copper selenide core which is partly surrounded by a copper thiolate shell. They were synthesized by the reaction of CuOAc and PPh3 with p‐Me3SiS‐C6H4‐OSiMe3 and Se(SiMe3)2 in different ratios. The arrangements of the chalcogen atoms in 1 and 2 are similar to a close packing, while cluster 3 has a new unusual structural motif. In addition the analogous precursor p‐Me3SiSe‐C6H4‐OSiMe3 was synthesized and investigated in the cluster synthesis. The reaction with CuOAc, PPh3 and Se(SiMe3)2 leads to the formation of the functionalized copper selenide cluster [Cu22Se6(Se‐C6H4‐OSiMe3)10(PPh3)8] (4). This compound is similar to 1 and consists of a Cu22Se16 core instead of a Cu22Se6S10 core. The functionalization of the cluster compounds with trimethylsiloxy‐groups leads to a high solubility of these cluster.
Locking and Non-locking Constructs Achieve Similar Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes for Internal Fixation of Intra-articular Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Berkes Marschall , Garrigues Grant , Solic John , Van Zeeland Nathan , Shourbaji Nader , Brouwer Kim , Jupiter Jesse , Ruch David , Obremskey William T. 
Published: September 2011

Background Locking plates have been used increasingly for the management of distal humerus fractures. Studies that compare patient-centered outcomes between locking and non-locking fixation for distal humerus fractures are lacking. Questions/Purposes The purposes of this study were to (1) determine whether locking plates offered superior fixation compared with non-locking plates for distal humerus fractures, (2) determine whether the use of locking plates was associated with fewer complications, and (3) determine whether locking plate use resulted in superior radiographic outcome compared with non-locking plates. Lastly, another aim was to determine the average cost difference associated with locking plate use versus non-locking plate use for distal humerus fracture fixation. Patients and Method Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data including loss of fixation, range of motion, rate of infection, nonunion and reoperation, as well as measures of fixation were collected retrospectively and compared on 96 patients with surgically treated AO type 13C distal humerus fractures (65 locking, 31 non-locking) at 6-week and 6-month follow-up. Average costs of locking and non-locking constructs were calculated and compared. Results Three in 96 (3.1%) of all cases experienced loss of fixation, with no difference between the two groups. There was no difference between locking and non-locking groups with regard to the rate of nonunion, infection, and reoperation at 6 weeks and 6 months. On average, locking plate constructs were 348% more expensive than non-locking constructs. Conclusion While there are some significant differences in radiographic parameters and cost between locking and non-locking constructs for internal fixation of intra-articular distal humerus fractures, there were no statistically significant differences in clinical outcome.
Increasing intake of long-chainn-3 PUFA enhances lipoperoxidation and modulates hepatic gene expression in a dose-dependent manner
Authors: Gladine Cécile , Roy Nicole C. , Rigaudière Jean-Paul , Laillet Brigitte , Da Silva Georges , Joly Charlotte , Pujos-Guillot Estelle , Morio Béatrice , Feillet-Coudray Christine , McNabb Warren C. , Chardigny Jean-Michel , Comte Blandine 
Published: September 2011

Long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA have a broad range of biological properties that can be achieved at the gene expression level. This has been well described in liver, where LCn-3 PUFA modulate the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. However, the complexity of biological pathway modulations and the nature of bioactive molecules are still under investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the dose–response effects of LCn-3 PUFA on the production of peroxidised metabolites, as potential bioactive molecules, and on global gene expression in liver. Hypercholesterolaemic rabbits received by daily oral administration (7 weeks) either oleic acid-rich oil or a mixture of oils providing 0·1, 0·5 or 1 % (groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively) of energy as DHA. Levels of specific peroxidised metabolites, namely 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE)–protein adducts, issued from LCn-3 PUFA were measured by GC/MS/MS in liver in parallel to transcription profiling. The intake of LCn-3 PUFA increased, in a dose-dependent manner, the hepatic production of 4-HHE. At the highest dose, LCn-3 PUFA provoked an accumulation of TAG in liver, which can be directly linked to increased mRNA levels of lipoprotein hepatic receptors (LDL-receptor and VLDL-receptor). In groups 1 and 2, the mRNA levels of microsomal TAG transfer protein decreased, suggesting a possible new mechanism to reduce VLDL secretion. These modulations of genes related to lipoprotein metabolism were independent of PPARα signalling but were probably linked to the activation of the farnesol X receptor pathway by LCn-3 PUFA and/or their metabolites such as HHE.
Enforcing ECOWAS Law in West African National Courts
Authors: Nwauche ES 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne of the constitutional challenges of regional integration is how to manage the limitation of national judicial sovereignty of member states to ensure that community law is recognized as superior to national law and is accordingly applied and interpreted by national courts at the instance of community citizens. This challenge arises from the national ordering of legal systems and the fact that states are the primary parties to agreements in which they limit their sovereignty in favour of the success of the community. This article examines the enforceability of the law of the Economic Community of West African States in the national courts of the West African states which comprise ECOWAS, with the aim of determining how this affects the integration goals of ECOWAS.
Does the Differential Criterion for Vesting Parental Rights and Responsibilities of Unmarried Parents Violate International Law? A Legislative and Social Study of Three African Countries
Authors: Sloth-Nielsen Julia , Wakefield Lorenzo , Murungi Nkatha L 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe right to non-discrimination for all children is established in international human rights law. International children's rights law further provides for the common responsibility of parents for the maintenance of their children. African customary law and common law have always made a distinction between children born in and out of wedlock so far as the duty to maintain them is concerned. The resilience of this customary and common law approach is evident in statutory provisions of the countries discussed in this article. This is despite international obligations under children's rights treaties ratified by these countries. On the face of it, the distinction of responsibility based on marital status seems harmless. However, in view of gender inequities and resource distribution between men and women in society, such a distinction has serious implications for the rights of affected children.
A Comparison of the Rationales for the Prohibition Against Hearsay Evidence in the USA and Nigeria
Authors: Azubuike Lawrence 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe influence of the United States of America in the world is reflected not just in the export of its values and policies, but also in the spread of US jurisprudence and legal norms around the world. Many nations try to emulate US trial practice and procedure, while others measure the utility of their procedural rules by US standards. The rule generally prohibiting the admissibility of hearsay evidence is firmly rooted in the common law which is the basis of the legal systems in both the USA and Nigeria. This article explores and compares the jurisprudential and other rationales underpinning the hearsay rule in both jurisdictions. It finds that, although there are slight differences in the trial procedures of the two systems, the general stricture against hearsay evidence is informed by similar rationales in both jurisdictions.
Anterior tongue reduction surgery for paediatric macroglossia
Authors: Chau H , Soma M , Massey S , Hewitt R , Hartley B 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:Anterior tongue reduction is indicated when macroglossia causes problems with oral hygiene, airway compromise, deglutition, articulation or orthognathic complications. Causes of macroglossia include hypothyroidism, mucopolysaccharide and lipid storage disease, lymphangioma, haemangioma, neurofibroma, and muscular macroglossia. This paper presents an 11-year experience of anterior tongue reduction at Great Ormond Street Hospital.Method:Retrospective study of patient medical records identified from the hospital ENT database. Anterior wedge resection was the preferred technique.Results:Anterior tongue reduction was performed on 18 patients, due to cystic hygroma with tongue involvement (nine patients), Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (eight) and Down's syndrome (one). Anterior wedge resection was preferred, using electrocautery in the majority, except for four cases involving CO2 laser. All but one patient had a good surgical outcome (i.e. tongue in mouth at rest). One patient subsequently required multiple laser procedures for recurrent macroglossia.Conclusion:Anterior tongue reduction can be a safe procedure, with limited post-operative morbidity, consistently resulting in good surgical outcomes and improvement in macroglossia symptoms. Speech development does not appear to be adversely affected.
Biomarkers and laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Wood J M , Hussey D J , Woods C M , Watson D I , Carney A S 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLaryngopharyngeal reflux is a controversial but increasingly made diagnosis used in patients with a collection of often non-specific laryngeal symptoms. It is a clinical diagnosis, and its pathophysiology is currently poorly understood.Previous reflux research has focused on injurious agents, acid, pepsin and biomarker expression. Failure of intrinsic defences in the larynx may cause changes in laryngeal epithelia, particularly alterations in carbonic anhydrases and E-cadherin. Carbonic anhydrase III levels vary in the larynx in response to laryngopharyngeal reflux, depending on location. Expression of E-cadherin, a known tumour suppressor, is reduced in the presence of reflux. Mucin expression also varies according to the severity of reflux.Further research is required to define the clinical entity of laryngopharyngeal reflux, and to identify a definitive mechanism for mucosal injury. Understanding this mechanism should allow the development of a comprehensive model, which would enable future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to be developed.
Successful cochlear implantation in a patient with mitochondrial hearing loss and m.625G>A transition
Authors: Sudo A , Takeichi N , Hosoki K , Saitoh S 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective:We present a patient with mitochondrial hearing loss and a novel mitochondrial DNA transition, who underwent successful cochlear implantation.Case report:An 11-year-old girl showed epilepsy and progressive hearing loss. Despite the use of hearing aids, she gradually lost her remaining hearing ability. Laboratory data revealed elevated lactate levels, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse, mild brain atrophy. Cochlear implantation was performed, and the patient's hearing ability was markedly improved. Whole mitochondrial DNA genome analysis revealed a novel heteroplasmic mitochondrial 625G>A transition in the transfer RNA gene for phenylalanine. This transition was not detected in blood DNA from the patient's mother and healthy controls. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activities in muscle were predominantly decreased in complex III.Conclusion:This case indicates that cochlear implantation can be a valuable therapeutic option for patients with mitochondrial syndromic hearing loss.
Predicting the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in western Europe based on environmental variables
Authors: FRANCO ANA O. , DAVIES CLIVE R. , MYLNE ADRIAN , DEDET JEAN-PIERRE , GÁLLEGO MONTSERRAT , BALLART CRISTINA , GRAMICCIA MARINA , GRADONI LUIGI , MOLINA RICARDO , GÁLVEZ ROSA , MORILLAS-MÁRQUEZ FRANCISCO , BARÓN-LÓPEZ SERGIO , PIRES CARLOS ALVES , AFONSO MARIA ODETE , READY PAUL D. , COX JONATHAN 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe domestic dog is the reservoir host ofLeishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic in Mediterranean Europe. Targeted control requires predictive risk maps of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), which are now explored. We databased 2187 published and unpublished surveys of CanL in southern Europe. A total of 947 western surveys met inclusion criteria for analysis, including serological identification of infection (504, 369 dogs tested 1971–2006). Seroprevalence was 23 2% overall (median 10%). Logistic regression models within a GIS framework identified the main environmental predictors of CanL seroprevalence in Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, or in France alone. A 10-fold cross-validation approach determined model capacity to predict point-values of seroprevalence and the correct seroprevalence class (<5%, 5–20%, >20%). Both the four-country and France-only models performed reasonably well for predicting correctly the <5% and >20% seroprevalence classes (AUC >0 70). However, the France-only model performed much better for France than the four-country model. The four-country model adequately predicted regions of CanL emergence in northern Italy (<5% seroprevalence). Both models poorly predicted intermediate point seroprevalences (5–20%) within regional foci, because surveys were biased towards known rural foci and Mediterranean bioclimates. Our recommendations for standardizing surveys would permit higher-resolution risk mapping.