bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polystyrene/decahydronaphthalene/propane phase equilibria and polymer conformation properties from intrinsic viscosities
Authors: Cain Nathaniel , Haywood Alexander , Roberts George , Kiserow Douglas , Carbonell Ruben 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe influence of dissolved propane (up to 31.2 wt %) on the phase equilibria of 5 wt % polystyrene (PS) dissolved in 66/34 wt % trans/cis‐decahydronaphthalene (DHN) was measured over the temperature range of 323–423 K. A suitable temperature, pressure, and propane composition operating space was defined to measure intrinsic viscosities of a single fluid phase. Intrinsic viscosities of PS in cosolvent mixtures of propane and trans/cis‐DHN were measured between 323 and 423 K and between 70 and 208 bar. The addition of propane to the isomeric mixture of DHN resulted in a decreased solvent quality for PS, causing a contraction of the PS coil. The most dramatic decrease in solvent quality with the addition of propane occurred at 323 K and 70 bar with approximately a 36% reduction in the viscometric radius with the addition of 45 mol % propane to DHN. At 423 K, the solvent quality was less sensitive to the addition of propane and only a 13% reduction in the viscometric radius was observed at 70 bar and 45 mol % propane in DHN. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Successful prolonged use of recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Haupt Mark E. , Kim Ellen E. , Prestridge Adrienne L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGrowth failure is a common and complicated process in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Growth hormone, which is becoming a more commonly used agent in such patients, has demonstrated beneficial effects aside from increased growth velocity. Recently, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 has gained significant attention in the understanding of growth failure in children with CF. We report the successful prolonged use of recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in an adolescent boy with CF, who demonstrated significant clinical benefits from the therapy. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1137–1141. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surfactant administration prior to one lung ventilation: Physiological and inflammatory correlates in a piglet model
Authors: Bhatia Rahul , Shaffer Thomas H. , Hossain Jobayer , Fisher Alicia Olivant , Horner Liana M. , Rodriguez M. Elena , Penfil Scott , Theroux Mary C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that surfactant, when given prophylactically during one lung ventilation (OLV), improves physiological stability and reduces inflammation.MethodsProspective controlled animal study. After 30 min of mechanical ventilation, surfactant was administered to the left lung of the treatment group. Right lung mechanical ventilation continued for 3 hr, after which the left lung was unblocked. Bilateral mechanical ventilation was continued for 30 min thereafter. Physiological parameters and biomarkers of inflammation in plasma, lung tissue homogenates, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured.Measurements and Main ResultsOxygenation improved in the surfactant group, reaching statistical significance at 3 hr of OLV and again after 30 min of bilateral mechanical ventilation following the OLV. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1 β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α showed a trend for reduction. The lung homogenates from the ventilated lungs had significantly lower levels of IL‐1 β (P < 0.01) and IL‐6 (P < 0.01). The BAL specimen showed an overall reduction in the cytokine levels; IL‐1 β was significantly lower in the ventilated lungs (P < 0.01).ConclusionsSurfactant administration improves oxygenation and decreases inflammation, as evidenced by a decrease in several inflammatory cytokines both in the plasma and lungs of a piglet model of OLV. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1069–1078. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is aspiration during swallowing more common in Canadian children with indigenous heritage?
Authors: Rempel Gina , Borton Barb , Esselmont Elizabeth , Shelton Colin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWhile many factors that contribute to the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in Canadian indigenous children have been described, the role of aspiration during swallowing has not been explored in these children. Because of an increase in referrals of indigenous children from our catchment area (Manitoba, North Western Ontario, and Nunavut) for assessment of aspiration during swallowing, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 325 consecutive children undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) to evaluate which factors, including indigenous heritage and LRTI, were associated with aspiration during swallowing.Our sample had an overrepresentation of indigenous children (35% compared to 23% in the catchment area). These children were more likely to aspirate during swallowing (P = 0.001) and to have experienced an LRTI prior to the VFSS (P = 0.000). When separating the children who aspirated into two groups based on indigenous heritage, the indigenous children were more likely to have had an LRTI (P = 0.028) than the other children in the sample.With logistic regression analysis, significant correlations between indigenous heritage, LRTI (P = 0.000), and aspiration (P = 0.009) were found. When aspiration during swallowing was the factor of interest, it correlated with both LRTI (P = 0.001) and the presence of congested upper airway noises after eating (P = 0.000). These upper airway noises were strongly associated with aspiration in indigenous children (P = 0.004). While prospective data are required to determine if the correlations seen in this retrospective review will remain robust, indigenous children were more likely to aspirate during swallowing and have LRTI in this sample. Whether aspiration during swallowing is related to environmental, ethnic, or biological factors in indigenous children remains to be determined, but the association between aspiration and congested upper airway noises after eating may assist in the early diagnosis of aspiration during swallowing, and thereby enable timely intervention to decrease aspiration risk in children already at risk of repeated LRTI due to a number of other confounding factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46: 1240–1246. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Over 1.0 kV GaN p–n junction diodes on free‐standing GaN substrates
Authors: Nomoto Kazuki , Hatakeyama Yoshitomo , Katayose Hideo , Kaneda Naoki , Mishima Tomoyoshi , Nakamura Tohru 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis report describes the fabrication and characteristics of GaN p–n junction diodes on free‐standing GaN substrates with low dislocation density. We have demonstrated GaN p–n junction diodes with a unique field‐plate (FP) structure. The breakdown voltage VB is further improved due to the FP structure and the low dislocation density. The breakdown voltage of a diode of 60 µm in diameter with the FP structure is over −1000 V, and the leakage current is below 10−9 A until reaching the breakdown voltage. Even in larger diodes (100 and 200 µm in diameter) with FP, the breakdown voltage is over −800 V. However, the specific on‐resistance Ron is high due to damage by the plasma process of sputtering. The specific on‐resistance is further improved due to using a low damage passivation film. As a result, a specific on‐resistance of 1.2 mΩ · cm2 is obtained.
Structural and magnetic properties of GaAs:(Mn,Ga)As granular layers
Authors: Lawniczak‐Jablonska K. , Libera J. , Wolska A. , Klepka M. T. , Dluzewski P. , Bak‐Misiuk J. , Dynowska E. , Romanowski P. , Domagala J. Z. , Sadowski J. , Barcz A. , Wasik D. , Twardowski A. , Kwiatkowski A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGranular GaAs:(Mn,Ga)As films were prepared by annealing the Ga0.92Mn0.08As/GaAs layer grown by the MBE method at low temperature. The annealing was performed at 500 or 600 °C. It is commonly accepted that this processing should result in formation of cubic zinc blende or hexagonal MnAs inclusions depending on the temperature. We demonstrate that such a priory assumption is not justified. The kind of formed inclusions depends not only on the annealing temperature but also on the number of defects and Mn atoms in the substitutional and interstitial positions in as grown sample.
A novel multiplexed fiber Bragg grating sensor with application in structural health monitoring
Authors: Etezad Maryam , Kahrizi Mojtaba , Khorasani Khashayar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on a single fiber for analyzing the strain in two dimensions is presented. The effects of the simultaneous transversal and longitudinal force on an FBG sensor is analyzed and its perturbed reflected spectrum is modeled by introducing the change of the refractive indecies and grating period along the fiber to the transfer matrix formulation method (‘measured’ spectrum). Furthermore, the use of genetic algorithm for reconstruction of nonuniform applied transverse forces from the ‘measured’ spectrum is presented. The genetic algorithm requires only the measured spectra information and the refractive index distribution is encoded along the Bragg grating into the genes. The presented method is verified through the numerical examples and the results show that our methodology can effectively represent and model the applied transverse force profile (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐resolved investigations of erbium ions in ZBLAN‐based glasses and glass ceramics
Authors: Skrzypczak U. , Miclea M. , Stalmashonak A. , Ahrens B. , Henke B. , Seifert G. , Johnson J. A. , Schweizer S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe lifetimes of the excited levels of Er3+ in ZBLAN‐based glasses and glass ceramics were investigated by using time resolved spectroscopy. Upon direct excitation most of the radiative lifetimes of the excited levels do not show a dependency on the Er3+ doping level. However, for increasing Er3+ concentrations the lifetime of the thermally coupled (4S3/2+2H11/2) levels decreases significantly. For Er3+ doped glass ceramics containing BaCl2 nanocrystals the radiative lifetimes of the Er3+ levels change. For the (4S3/2+2H11/2) levels a fast component corresponding to the Er3+ doped glass and an additional slow component of a few hundred µs was found. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Method and process flow for CMOS compatible photonics integration
Authors: Goebel Andreas , Wojcik Greg , Moffatt Steve 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe present a CMOS compatible integration scheme whereby some optical components are integrated before the manufacture of CMOS transistors. This approach decouples competing design real estate and thermal budget requirements of electronics and optics. The waveguides (WGs) are low confinement single crystal SiGe WGs embedded in a silicon wafer exhibiting losses less than 1 db/cm and allowing for turn radii of about 1 mm. The detectors are impurity‐based photodiodes that survive the thermal budget of subsequent CMOS integration. Here we subjected them to a bake of about 1 h at 1050 C. A novel wavelength‐insensitive coupling scheme to an IC chip, as well as a novel multi‐wavelength laser source are introduced (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pseudo‐self‐organized topological phases in glassy selenides for IR photonics
Authors: Shpotyuk O. , Golovchak R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNetwork‐forming cluster approach is applied to As‐Se and Ge‐Se glasses to justify their tendency to self‐organization. It is shown that reversibility windows determined by temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry using short‐term aged or as‐prepared samples do not necessary coincide with self‐organized phase in these materials. The obtained results testify also pseudo‐self‐organization phenomenon in Ge‐Se glasses: over‐constrained outrigger raft structural units built of two edge‐ and four corner‐shared tetrahedra are interconnected via optimally‐constrained ≡Ge‐Se‐Se‐Ge≡ bridges within the range of compositions identified previously as self‐organized phase by temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry technique. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
Authors: Hegerl Gabriele , Zwiers Francis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMost detection and attribution studies use climate models to determine both the expected ‘fingerprint’ of climate change and the uncertainty in the estimated magnitude of this fingerprint in observations, given the climate variability. This review discusses the role of models in detection and attribution, the associated uncertainties, and the robustness of results. Studies that use observations only make substantial assumptions to separate the components of observed changes due to radiative forcing from those due to internal climate variability. Results from observation‐only studies are broadly consistent with those from fingerprint studies. Fingerprint studies evaluate the extent to which patterns of response to external forcing (fingerprints) from climate model simulations explain observed climate change in observations. Fingerprints are based on climate models of various complexities, from energy balance models to full earth system models. Statistical approaches range from simple comparisons of observations with model simulations to multi‐regression methods that estimate the contribution of several forcings to observed change using a noise‐reducing metric. Multi‐model methods can address model uncertainties to some extent and we discuss how remaining uncertainties can be overcome. The increasing focus on detecting and attributing regional climate change and impacts presents both opportunities and challenges. Challenges arise because internal variability is larger on smaller scales, and regionally important forcings, such as from aerosols or land‐use change, are often uncertain. Nevertheless, if regional climate change can be linked to external forcing, the results can be used to provide constraints on regional climate projections. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 570–591 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.121This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Prenatal screening of sialic acid storage disease and confirmation in cultured fibroblasts by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: den van Bosch Jeroen , Oemardien Linda F. , Srebniak Malgorzata I. , Piraud Monique , Huijmans Jan G. M. , Verheijen Frans W. , Ruijter George J. G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSialic acid storage disease (SASD) is an inborn error resulting from defects in the lysosomal membrane protein sialin. The SASD phenotypical spectrum ranges from a severe presentation, infantile sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) which may present as hydrops fetalis, to a relatively mild form, Salla disease. Screening for SASD is performed by determination of free sialic acid (FSA) in urine or amniotic fluid supernatant (AFS). Subsequent diagnosis of SASD is performed by quantification of FSA in cultured fibroblasts and by mutation analysis of the sialin gene,SLC17A5. We describe simple quantitative procedures to determine FSA as well as conjugated sialic acid in AFS, and FSA in cultured fibroblasts, using isotope dilution (13C3‐sialic acid) and multiple reaction monitoring LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The whole procedure can be performed in 2–4 h. Reference values in AFS were 0–8.2 μmol/L for 15–25 weeks of gestation and 3.2‐12.0 μmol/L for 26–38 weeks of gestation. In AFS samples from five fetuses affected with ISSD FSA was 23.9‐58.9 μmol/L demonstrating that this method is able to discriminate ISSD pregnancies from normal ones. The method was also validated for determination of FSA in fibroblast homogenates. FSA in SASD fibroblasts (ISSD; 20–154 nmol/mg protein, intermediate SASD; 12.9‐15.1 nmol/mg, Salla disease; 5.9‐7.4 nmol/mg) was clearly elevated compared to normal controls (0.3‐2.2 nmol/mg). In conclusion, we report simple quantitative procedures to determine FSA in AFS and cultured fibroblasts improving both prenatal diagnostic efficacy for ISSD as well as confirmatory testing in cultured fibroblasts following initial screening in urine or AFS.
Practice Guidelines for Communicating a Prenatal or Postnatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Sheets Kathryn B. , Crissman Blythe G. , Feist Cori D. , Sell Susan L. , Johnson Lisa R. , Donahue Kelly C. , Masser‐Frye Diane , Brookshire Gail S. , Carre Amanda M. , LaGrave Danielle , Brasington Campbell K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDown syndrome is one of the most common conditions encountered in the genetics clinic. Due to improvements in healthcare, educational opportunities, and community inclusion over the past 30 years, the life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome have significantly improved. As prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques have become more enhanced and widely available, genetic counselors can expect to frequently provide information and support following a new diagnosis of Down syndrome. This guideline was written for genetic counselors and other healthcare providers regarding the communication of a diagnosis of Down syndrome to ensure that families are consistently given up‐to‐date and balanced information about the condition, delivered in a supportive and respectful manner.
Nutritional problems in inflammatory bowel disease: The patient perspective
Authors: Prince Alexis , Whelan Kevin , Moosa Arifa , Lomer Miranda C.E. , Reidlinger Dianne P. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background and aims: Crohn's Disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which may result in nutrition problems that impact on patient health, nutritional status and quality of life. Subjective reports of how IBD patients experience these problems as part of their disease process, including comparisons between patient groups, or the need for tailored nutrition advice as perceived by these patients, have not been widely studied. This survey aimed to identify and explore nutritional problems that are important to CD and UC patients and to investigate their views on the IBD health services provided to help them with these.
Methods: Eighty-seven IBD patients were invited to take part in a nutrition survey using face-to-face questionnaire interviews. The survey asked about food and nutrition problems that patients have experienced, identifying which were most significant and the extent to which they had been addressed by the clinical service.
Results: Seventy-two IBD patients completed the evaluation (47 CD, 25 UC). Of these, 45 (62.5%) felt that food and nutrition were either ‘important’ or ‘extremely important’ in their experience of IBD, and 59 (82%) reported problems with food and nutrition. Patients with CD and UC reported similar frequencies of most nutritional problems. However, 44 (94%) CD vs. 16 (64%) UC patients reported problems with weight (p = 0.002). Less than half of patients had seen a dietitian for tailored nutritional advice to address these problems.
Conclusions: Nutritional problems experienced and reported by IBD patients are numerous and varied. They are considered important by patients with CD and UC, both of whom would generally value specific dietary counselling, highlighting a need for further research in this area and adequate and equal provision of services for both groups.
Long-term impacts of tropical storms and earthquakes on human population growth in Haiti and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Klose Christian D. , Webersik Christian 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSince the 18th century, Haiti and the Dominican Republic have experienced similar natural forces, including earthquakes and tropical storms. These countries are two of the most prone of all Latin American and Caribbean countries to natural hazards events, while Haiti seems to be more vulnerable to natural forces. This article discusses to what extent geohazards have shaped both nation's demographic developments. The data show that neither atmospheric nor seismic forces that directly hit the territory of Haiti have significantly affected the country's population growth rates and spatial population densities. Conversely, since the 1950s more people were exposed to atmospheric hazards, in particular, in regions which historically experienced higher storm frequencies.
Structural and electronic properties of ZrX2 and HfX2 (X = S and Se) from first principles calculations
Authors: Jiang Hong 
Published: May 2011

Early transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), characterized by their quasi-two-dimensional layered structure, have attracted intensive interest due to their versatile chemical and physical properties, but a comprehensive understanding of their structural and electronic properties from a first-principles point of view is still lacking. In this work, four simple TMDC materials, MX2 (M = Zr and Hf, X = S and Se), are investigated by the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) with different local or semilocal exchange-correlation (xc) functionals and many-body perturbation theory in the GW approximation. Although the widely used Perdew-Burke-Ernzelhof (PBE) generalized gradient approximation (GGA) xc functional overestimates the interlayer distance dramatically, two newly developed GGA functionals, PBE-for-solids (PBEsol) and Wu-Cohen 2006 (WC06), can reproduce experimental crystal structures of these TMDC materials very well. The GW method, currently the most accurate first-principles approach for electronic band structures of extended systems, gives the fundamental band gaps of all these materials in good agreement with the experimental values obtained from optical absorption. The minimal direct gaps from GW are systematically larger than those measured from thermoreflectance by about 0.1–0.3 eV, implying that excitonic effects may be stronger than previously estimated. The calculated density of states from GW quasi-particle band energies agrees very well with photo-emission spectroscopy data. Ionization potentials of these materials are also computed by combining PBE calculations based on the slab model and GW quasi-particle corrections. The calculated absolute band energies with respect to the vacuum level indicate that that ZrS2 and HfS2, although having suitable band gaps for visible light absorption, cannot be used for overall water splitting as a result of mismatch of the conduction band minimum with the redox potential of H+/H2.
Secondary cancers following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in adults
Authors: Majhail Navneet S. 
Published: May 2011

SummarySecondary cancers that arise in allogeneic haematopoietic‐cell transplant recipients, possibly as a result of treatment exposures, are a relatively rare complication of transplantation. However, they can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Secondary cancers include post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, new solid cancers and donor‐derived haematological malignancies. This review describes the epidemiology, risk factors and screening recommendations for secondary cancers among adult allogeneic haematopoietic‐cell transplant recipients. Constructing a patient‐specific risk profile based on known exposures and risk‐factors is the key to developing appropriate screening and preventative strategies for secondary cancers after allogeneic transplantation.