bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domingo F. Sarmiento y la función social de la lengua
Authors: Velleman Barry L. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe linguistic ideas of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (Argentina, 1811–1888), while never stated as an organized whole in his copious Complete Works, occupy a central position in his thought on social organization, education, and the advance of what he called ‘civilization’. While he never proposed to analyze ‘language’ in a systematic way, Sarmiento’s linguistic ideas reveal a surprising intuition. This study attempts to trace some of these reflections, emphasizing materials produced in the period 1841–1843, when Sarmiento participated in a lively polemic motivated, in part, by the controversy of whether or not to break with Peninsular models. Sarmiento found the Spanish language incapable of providing a prestige dialect, since it was the reflection of an inert culture. He strove to distinguish between a language and the graphic symbols which represent it, and to find American prestige linguistic models. Seeing language as a dynamic construct with variations through time, place, and social level, Sarmiento anticipates modern descriptivist and pragmatic theories. He also proposes that the basis of language education is reading, and supports both foreign language teaching and massive translation of foreign texts. Sarmiento’s dismissal of Spain as a literary and linguistic model softened over the years, beginning with the period of ‘codification’ seen between 1843 and 1849. By the period 1879–1883, Sarmiento acknowledged Bello’s great contribution. The Argentine thinker is seen in the context of the Argentine Generation of 1837 whose Naturalistic-Romantic concept of language evolved into a Darwinian positivism.
Premodern Letters and Textual Consciousness
Authors: Amsler Mark E. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Modern linguistics textbooks devote little, if any, space to writing systems. Shifting our attention from naming precursors or proto-theories to reading earlier language study and linguistics as theorizing and description, the present paper explores ancient and early medieval concepts of the letter in terms of the semiotics of written language and the emergence of textual consciousness in manuscript culture. Early concepts and uses of the letter in alphabetic writing were ambiguous, multilayered, and occasionally contested, but they were not confused. Ancient and early medieval concepts of the letter were based on a semiotics of language and writing which connected spoken and visual signs as multimodal textual activity. Theories of the letter included: (a) the written character (gramma, littera) is a visual sign signifying a particular sound or group of sounds; (b) letters can function as arbitrary second-order signifying systems, such as numbers or diacritics; (c) different alphabets are rooted in the history of peoples although the Roman alphabet is a plastic medium for inscribing the emerging European vernaculars; (d) letters are material substances; (e) the written character is a mute sign; (f) the written character is imperfect or incomplete when detached from sound and the practice of reading aloud.
A MODEL OF MIRA'S COMETARY HEAD/TAIL ENTERING THE LOCAL BUBBLE
Authors: Esquivel A. , Raga A. C. , Cantó J. , Rodríguez-González A. , López-Cámara D. , Velázquez P. F. , De Colle F. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
We model the cometary structure around Mira as the interaction of an asymptotic giant branch stellar wind from Mira A with a streaming environment. Our simulations introduce the following new element: we assume that after 200 kyr of evolution in a dense environment, Mira entered the Local Bubble (low-density coronal gas). As Mira enters the bubble, the head of the comet expands quite rapidly, while the tail remains well collimated for a >100 kyr timescale. The result is a broad-head/narrow-tail structure that resembles the observed morphology of Mira's comet. The simulations were carried out with our new adaptive grid code Walicxe, which is described in detail.
Effect of Adding Different Dietary Fiber Sources on Farinographic Parameters of Wheat Flour
Authors: Almeida Eveline Lopes , Chang Yoon Kil , Steel Caroline Joy 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBreadmaking is a complex process that involves a series of parameters that must be controlled. Rheological measurements are often used to predict the behavior of wheat dough during processing and the quality of the final product. There are many different dietary fiber sources that can be used to enhance the nutritional quality of bread. However, they will affect processing and final product quality. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the effects of adding different dietary fiber sources (wheat bran, resistant starch, and locust bean gum) on farinographic parameters of wheat flour. The experiments were conducted according to a 23 central composite rotational design (CCRD). With the experimental results or responses (farinographic parameters), the effect of each variable was calculated and the interactions between them were determined. Models that explain the effects of the different fiber sources on water absorption, arrival time, dough development time, and mixing tolerance index of wheat flour were established. The fiber sources interacted for some of the parameters analyzed, demonstrating that if two or more sources of dietary fiber are present in the mix, they might act different to what would be expected of the sum of them. It was also noticed that for most parameters, wheat bran and locust bean gum had a greater influence on farinographic parameters than resistant starch. The simultaneous presence of the three fibers, within the ranges studied, contributed to an increase in water absorption, arrival time, and mixing tolerance index, and to a reduction in departure time and dough stability.
Antibodies to the Wheat Storage Globulin Glo‐3A in Children Before and at Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
Authors: Taplin Craig E , Mojibian Majid , Simpson Melissa , Taki Iman , Liu Edwin , Hoffenberg Edward J , Norris Jill M , Scott Fraser W , Rewers Marian 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTObjective:Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease triggered by exposure to gluten‐containing foods. IgA autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (TTG) are elevated in CD, but little is known about the gastrointestinal state before the appearance of TTG. Antibodies to wheat storage globulin Glo‐3A have been studied in type 1 diabetes, and may be a marker of altered mucosal barrier and/or immune function. In the present study, we investigated antibody responses to Glo‐3A in CD.Patients and Methods:In the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young, children were studied prospectively from birth for the appearance of TTG and CD. Fifty cases of CD were frequency matched with 50 controls on age (of TTG seroconversion in the case), sex, ethnicity, presence of a first‐degree relative with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and human leukocyte antigen ‐DR3 genotype. In cases and controls, IgG antibodies to Glo‐3A were analyzed in a blinded manner in the sample collected at the time of seroconversion to TTG positivity (or the matched sample in controls) and in all of the previous samples since birth (mean 4.5 samples). The association between Glo‐3A antibody levels and CD case status was explored using t tests at the TTG‐positive visit and when Glo‐3A levels were highest, and mixed modeling to describe Glo‐3A over time.Results:At the time of first elevated TTG (mean 4.9 years), patients with CD had higher Glo‐3A antibody levels than controls (13.3 ± 17.2 vs 7.6 ± 11.7, P = 0.005). In both cases and controls, Glo‐3A antibodies appear to peak at a mean age of 2.9 years, before mean age of initial TTG seroconversion. The peak Glo‐3A antibody levels were higher in cases than controls (25.5 ± 21.8 vs 14.9 ± 18.3 P = 0.0007). Using mixed modeling to account for multiple visits per person, cases had higher levels of Glo‐3A antibodies than controls at all ages from birth to TTG seroconversion (β = 0.53, P = 0.002).Conclusions:Compared with controls, CD cases have higher Glo‐3A antibody responses in the beginning years, before initial detection of TTG.
Hepatic Expression of Cell Proliferation Markers and Growth Factors in Giant Cell Hepatitis: Implications for the Pathogenetic Mechanisms Involved
Authors: Fang Jane WS , González‐Peralta Regino P , Chong Sonny KF , Lau Grace M , Lau Gillian M , Lau Johnson YN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study is to determine whether amitotic division or nuclear proliferation is involved in the formation of giant cells (GCs) in giant cell hepatitis (GCH).Patients and Methods:Liver sections from 18 pediatric patients with idiopathic infantile GCH and 12 patients with postinfantile GCH were evaluated for the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and human histone 3 (H3) mRNA, transforming growth factor‐alpha (TGF‐α), TGF‐β1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).Results:Proliferation markers were detected in 1% to 80% in the nuclei of GC and non‐GC hepatocytes in 10 of 18 (56%) infantile GCH biopsies and 11 of 12 (92%) postinfantile GCH biopsies, but not in normal liver. The expression of proliferation markers in GCs paralleled that in non‐GC hepatocytes (P < 0.05 for both markers). TGF‐α and EGFR were detected in both GCs (9/29 and 4/30 patients with infantile or postinfantile GCH, respectively) and non‐GC hepatocytes (15/29 and 11/30 patients with infantile or postinfantile GCH, respectively). TGF‐β1 and HGF were detected mainly in sinusoidal cells in 20 of 29 and 10 of 30 patients with infantile or postinfantile GCH, respectively; the expression of HGF was positively correlated with PCNA and H3 mRNA in non‐GC hepatocytes and with H3 mRNA in GCs (P < 0.01).Conclusions:Hepatic expressions of nuclear proliferation markers and growth factors were similar in infantile and postinfantile GCH, nuclear proliferation markers were detected in both GCs and non‐GC hepatocytes in a high proportion of patients, and expression of HGF correlated positively with the proliferation markers. These data indicate that nuclear proliferation may contribute to the pathogenesis of GCs in at least a proportion of patients with GCH. A model for the pathogenesis of GCH is proposed.
Glucose-1-Phosphate Transport into Protoplasts and Chloroplasts from Leaves of Arabidopsis
Authors: Fettke Joerg , Malinova Irina , Albrecht Tanja , Hejazi Mahdi , Steup Martin 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Almost all glucosyl transfer reactions rely on glucose-1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) that either immediately acts as glucosyl donor or as substrate for the synthesis of the more widely used Glc dinucleotides, ADPglucose or UDPglucose. In this communication, we have analyzed two Glc-1-P-related processes: the carbon flux from externally supplied Glc-1-P to starch by either mesophyll protoplasts or intact chloroplasts from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). When intact protoplasts or chloroplasts are incubated with [U-14C]Glc-1-P, starch is rapidly labeled. Incorporation into starch is unaffected by the addition of unlabeled Glc-6-P or Glc, indicating a selective flux from Glc-1-P to starch. However, illuminated protoplasts incorporate less 14C into starch when unlabeled bicarbonate is supplied in addition to the 14C-labeled Glc-1-P. Mesophyll protoplasts incubated with [U-14C]Glc-1-P incorporate 14C into the plastidial pool of adenosine diphosphoglucose. Protoplasts prepared from leaves of mutants of Arabidopsis that lack either the plastidial phosphorylase or the phosphoglucomutase isozyme incorporate 14C derived from external Glc-1-P into starch, but incorporation into starch is insignificant when protoplasts from a mutant possessing a highly reduced ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase activity are studied. Thus, the path of assimilatory starch biosynthesis initiated by extraplastidial Glc-1-P leads to the plastidial pool of adenosine diphosphoglucose, and at this intermediate it is fused with the Calvin cycle-driven route. Mutants lacking the plastidial phosphoglucomutase contain a small yet significant amount of transitory starch.
Numerical analysis of the effect of poling‐loading misalignment and mechanical boundary conditions on piezoelectric actuation
Authors: Qidwai Siddiq M. , DeGiorgi V.G. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to highlight the computational implementation of a nonlinear piezoelectric constitutive model and its application in determining the impact of misalignment between initial poling direction and applied electrical field, and mechanical boundary conditions on actuator performance.Design/methodology/approachThe numerical analysis is based on an existing three‐dimensional model, where the original rate‐independent evolution equations are replaced by their rate‐dependent counterparts to facilitate implementation, which is performed in a partial differential equation solver. The execution of the model is verified through several benchmark constitutive responses.FindingsThe analysis shows that small angles of poling and loading axes misalignment such as may occur in fabrication (less than 5○) have minor impact on piezoelectric performance regardless of the type of imposed mechanical boundary conditions. On the other hand, larger angles of misalignment can have a significant impact, the feasibility of which in actuator design remains to be seen. Furthermore, it is shown that the linear response range of these actuators can be expanded by increased levels of mechanical constraint at the cost of maximum actuation stroke regardless of the degree of misalignment.Originality/valueThe misalignment, which occurs accidentally, but can also be introduced purposefully during the fabrication process when poled material is cut into specimen form, may exhibit desirable performance features for actuator design when combined with appropriate mechanical constraints.
An Agile approach to library IT innovations
Authors: Chang May 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to describe the application of the Agile software development approach to rapidly develop and deploy a variety of innovative IT applications.Design/methodology/approachThe Agile approach is flexible and iterative with continuous feedback and constant communication. It is also marked by frequent and short delivery schedules. An Agile team of staff and students was formed for different projects, and visual tools were used to show process and progress. Team members were also co‐located (situated in the same space), a key element that allowed faster and direct communication. Within the Agile framework, the Crystal Clear methodology was selected, which is based on team size and criticality of the application to develop the workflow and iterative processes.FindingsThe Agile approach is particularly suited to innovation development and creative teams for rapid development of products, services, and technology. However, its acceptance is dependent on organizational culture and nature of application.Research limitations/implicationsAs a next step, it would be useful to test the Agile approach in an innovative application that is on a larger scale than six team members and with a different level of criticality.Practical implicationsFlexibility and adaptability are needed in managing the development of IT innovations and applications as they vary in size and complexity. The flexible and iterative Agile approach provided the framework to develop and implement these projects despite the small staff size.Originality/valueThere is little in the professional literature on software development and project management approaches for small teams. The Agile approach would be of interest to an IT unit or library with limited staff resources and interested in a lightweight framework to develop and deploy innovative projects.
Association of bronchial reactivity to occupational agents with methacholine reactivity, sputum cells and immunoglobulin E‐mediated reactivity
Authors: Malo J‐L , Cardinal S. , Ghezzo H. , L'Archevêque J. , Castellanos L. , Maghni K. 
Published: November 2010

Cite this as: J‐L Malo, S. Cardinal, H. Ghezzo, J. L'Archevêque, L. Castellanos and K. Maghni, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 497–504.SummaryBackground
Bronchial responsiveness and IgE‐mediated reactivity are associated with specific bronchial reactivity to allergens.Objective
Our aim was to examine whether airway inflammation also plays a role.Methods
Retrospective analysis of all subjects who underwent specific inhalation challenges in the investigation of occupational asthma (OA) since 2000. Responsiveness to methacholine (PC20) and levels of eosinophils and neutrophils in induced sputum on the control day were associated with the presence of OA (positive‐specific inhalation challenge). In a sample of subjects exposed to wheat flour, we also examined the role of specific IgE‐ mediated reactivity (skin reactivity, specific IgE).Results
PC20 level was significantly more often normal in subjects with OA (35 of 129, 27% instances) by comparison with non‐OA (15 of 189, 8% instances), but the positive predictive value of responsiveness to methacholine for OA was low (35%). Coupling information on the level of eosinophils to responsiveness to methacholine increased positive predictive values for OA from 39% to 69% depending on the thresholds used. The best balance of positive (69%) and negative (60%) predictive values was obtained in the case of normal PC20 and eosinophils 3%. In a multivariate analysis carried out in 34 subjects exposed to wheat flour, responsiveness to methacholine, sputum eosinophils, skin weal size and levels of specific IgE were all significantly associated with OA to wheat flour.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Information on the level of sputum eosinophils in addition to PC20 provides a better association with OA vs. non‐OA when PC20 is normal. Levels of sputum eosinophils in addition to PC20 and IgE‐mediated reactivity increase the likelihood of OA due to wheat flour.
Ecological coherence of marine protected area networks: a spatial assessment using species distribution models
Authors: Sundblad Göran , Bergström Ulf , Sandström Alfred 
Published: November 2010

Summary1. The juvenile stages of fish are often dependent on specific habitat types for their survival. Protecting these habitats may be crucial for maintaining strong adult stocks. The Natura 2000 network of the European Union offers protection of marine habitats that are essential for the recruitment of many fish species. By protecting these critical habitats the network may be important for maintaining the stocks of these fish species.2. We present a spatially explicit, GIS‐based, assessment of two important components of the ecological coherence of Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks: representativity and connectivity. Representativity can be measured as the proportion of each conservation feature that is protected, whereas connectivity assesses the spatial configuration of the network. We apply these analyses to study the ecological coherence of the Natura 2000 network in a 30 000‐km2 archipelago in the Baltic Sea, with respect to a coastal fish assemblage and associated habitats. The analyses are based on fish distribution maps that have been constructed by statistically relating life stage specific occurrence to environmental variables, and thereafter making spatial predictions based on maps of the environmental variables.3. The map‐based analyses show that both the representativity and the connectivity of the network are poor with respect to the studied fish species. In total, 3·5% (11 km2) of the assemblage recruitment habitat was protected and 48% of the potentially connected habitats were included in the MPA network.4. The assessment explicitly identified geographical areas, visually communicated using maps, where the network should be improved to ensure ecological coherence.5. Synthesis and applications. Many MPA networks around the world, such as the Natura 2000 network in Europe, have recently come into effect. Establishment of the networks has often been governed by opportunity rather than by strict ecological analyses, primarily because distribution maps of species and habitats have been unavailable. Map‐based assessments of the strengths and weaknesses of evolving MPA networks, such as the one presented here, are needed in adaptive management. They can provide an efficient tool for visualising and communicating the results to stakeholders and policy makers in the process of working towards ecological coherence.
Making better sense of monitoring data from low density species using a spatially explicit modelling approach
Authors: van der Burg Max Post , Bly Bartholomew , VerCauteren Tammy , Tyre Andrew J. 
Published: November 2010

Summary1. Wildlife managers are limited in the inferences they can draw about low density populations. These limits are imposed by biases in monitoring data not regularly accounted for.2. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to correct biases arising from imperfect detection and spatial autocorrelation. Our analysis incorporated model selection uncertainty by treating model probabilities as parameters to be estimated in the context of model fitting. We fitted our model to count data from a monitoring programme for the mountain plover Charadrius montanus, a low density bird species in Nebraska, USA.3. Our results demonstrated that previous accounts of the abundance and distribution of plovers in Nebraska were impacted by low detection probabilities (∼5–20%). Uncorrected relative abundance estimates showed that the average number of birds per agricultural section increased over time, whereas corrected estimates showed that average abundance was stable.4. Our method spatially interpolated relative abundance to produce distribution maps. These predictions suggested that birds were selecting some sites more frequently than others based on some habitat feature not explored in our study. Variation in mountain plover abundance appeared more heavily influenced by changes in the number of individuals occupying a few high quality sites, rather than from changes in abundance across many sites. Thus, conservation efforts may not be as efficient when focusing on low to moderate quality sites.5. Synthesis and applications. Managers who must make decisions based on data‐poor systems should adopt rigorous statistical approaches for drawing inferences. Spatial predictions provide information for deciding where to implement management, which is just as important as knowing what kind of management to apply. Our approach provides a step in the direction of making the biological signal in data‐poor monitoring programmes more informative for conservation and management.