bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis and osteopenia: implications for periodontal and implant therapy
Authors: Otomo‐Corgel Joan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHow does low bone mineral density alter treatment decisions? Osteoporosis and osteopenia are major health care issues that may impact on periodontal and implant therapy. Because of the prevalence of osteoporosis, understanding its etiology and the current treatment regimens for patients with low bone mineral density is essential for dental professionals. Millions of patients are now taking medications for the treatment of osteoporosis, and periodontists should be aware of the many medication options that are prescribed. The most frequently prescribed drugs are the bisphosphonates. It is important to be aware that bisphosphonates are not all the same, and patient responses to treatment may vary depending on which bisphosphonates they are taking. Due to recent concerns about bisphosphonate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw, this paper provides guidance to help the clinician regarding decision‐making about preventive and interventional dental treatment when their patient has been prescribed a bisphosphonate. An understanding of current bisphosphonates, their uses, their structural differences and their intended actions helps to improve clinical decision‐making. Current knowledge regarding the effects of osteoporosis/osteopenia on periodontal diseases and alveolar bone loss is inconclusive. It is certainly clear that bisphosphonates are not indicated as an adjunctive treatment as part of periodontal therapy because of the risk of osteonecrosis. Regarding implant placement, there are no convincing data that dental implant placement is contraindicated in the osteoporotic patient. However, patients should understand the small risk of compromised bone healing following implant placement if the patient has been taking bisphosphonates. Due to the risks of osteonecrosis, dental clinicians should work closely with their medical colleagues prior to the physician prescribing oral bisphosphonates. Ideally, optimal periodontal and dental health should be established before the patient commences bisphosphonate therapy.
Examiner alignment and assessment in clinical periodontal research
Authors: Hefti Arthur F. , Preshaw Philip M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPeriodontal research typically relies on clinical examiners to assess variables such as gingival inflammation, plaque scores or probing depths as a means of determining treatment outcomes or for performing group comparisons. The quality of the gathered information is dependent, to a large extent, on the skills of the examiner(s) and on the validity of the assessment methods that are used. Attempts have been made to increase the objectivity of periodontal assessments, for example by introducing scoring systems for gingival inflammation, but within these systems there is often considerable scope for variation when interpreting the scoring criteria, leading to subjectivity when assigning scores to individual periodontal sites. This has led to an awareness of the importance of examiner alignment and assessment to improve the data quality by standardizing techniques and improving examiner reliability. Examiner alignment and assessment is used in preference to the term ‘examiner calibration’ because calibration implies comparison with an accurate or ‘gold’ standard, which is not available in periodontal research. In this review, we consider the historical perspective that led to the development of clinical scoring systems for periodontal research using gingival inflammation as an example. A clinical protocol for undertaking examiner alignment and assessment is presented, and we review the common sources of error and bias that can lead to difficulties in aligning examiners, and consider how they can be eliminated. It is particularly important that subjects who are recruited to the examiner alignment and assessment study present with a comparable level of disease to the subjects who will ultimately be recruited to the planned clinical trial. Another challenge in examiner alignment and assessment is applying appropriate statistical tests to assess the outcome of the alignment exercise. In the periodontal literature, the statistic kappa is frequently used to confirm an adequate degree of examiner agreement, but kappa is bound to significant restrictions when applied for this purpose. Through the use of case studies, we present different approaches to data analysis from calibration studies, focusing on continuous variables (such as probing depths and attachment levels) or ordinal data (such as gingival or plaque indices), to enable a correct, although frequently conservative, interpretation of data generated during examiner alignment and assessment studies.
Myosin Ia is Required for CFTR Brush Border Membrane Trafficking and Ion Transport in the Mouse Small Intestine
Authors: Kravtsov Dmitri V. , Caputo Christina , Collaco Anne , Hoekstra Nadia , Egan Marie E. , Mooseker Mark S. , Ameen Nadia A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn enterocytes of the small intestine, endocytic trafficking of CFTR channels from the brush border membrane (BBM) to the subapical endosomes requires the minus‐end motor, myosin VI (Myo6). The subapical localization of Myo6 is dependent on myosin Ia (Myo1a) the major plus‐end motor associated with the BBM, suggestive of functional synergy between these two motors. In villus enterocytes of the Myo1a KO mouse small intestine, CFTR accumulated in syntaxin‐3 positive subapical endosomes, redistributed to the basolateral domain and was absent from the BBM. In colon, where villi are absent and Myo1a expression is low, CFTR exhibited normal localization to the BBM in the Myo1a KO similar to WT. cAMP‐stimulated CFTR anion transport in the small intestine was reduced by 58% in the KO, while anion transport in the colon was comparable to WT. Co‐immunoprecipitation confirmed the association of CFTR with Myo1a. These data indicate that Myo1a is an important regulator of CFTR traffic and anion transport in the BBM of villus enterocytes and suggest that Myo1a may power apical CFTR movement into the BBM from subapical endosomes. Alternatively, it may anchor CFTR channels in the BBM of villus enterocytes as was proposed for Myo1a's role in BBM localization of sucrase‐isomaltase.
Prevalence of gingival overgrowth among elderly patients under amlodipine therapy at a large Indian teaching hospital
Authors: Karnik Rohit , Bhat K. Mahalinga , Subraya Bhat G. 
Published: April 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00603.x

Prevalence of gingival overgrowth among elderly patients under amlodipine therapy at a large Indian teaching hospitalObjectives:  To determine the prevalence of amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth (GO) among elderly subjects attending an Indian teaching hospital and find any association with demographic factors, drug variables, oral hygiene status and gingival inflammation.Methods:  A cross‐sectional pilot study included 157 dentate patients aged 60 years or more, taking Amlodipine for at least 3 months. Data were collected from past medical records and oral examination. Clinical assessment of GO was correlated with patient’s age, gender, drug dosage (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/day), duration of drug therapy (3–4, 4–6, 6–12, 12–24 and >24 months) and also with subjects’ plaque index and gingival index scores.Results:  Eight patients (5.09%) had GO. No statistically significant relation was observed between age (p = 0.79), gender (p = 0.56), drug dosage (p = 0.25) and duration of drug intake (p = 0.62) and prevalence of GO. GO prevalence related highly significantly (p < 0.001) with plaque and gingival index scores.Conclusions:  Prevalence of amlodipine‐associated GO in the sample of elderly Indian patients was noted higher than that previously reported. Plaque and gingival inflammation were highly correlated with this condition, while demographic characteristics and drug dosage did not relate significantly.
RAPID IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BY ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTANCE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: XIE YANPING , XU SHUJUN , HU YU , CHEN WANYI , HE YIPING , SHI XIANMING 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium that can cause serious infections in human such as pneumonia and bacteremia. Rapid detection of this pathogen is crucial in food industries and clinical laboratories to control S. aureus food poisoning and human infections. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with a germanium attenuated total reflection accessory was used as a novel approach to identify S. aureus. A total of 17 reference strains belonging to 4 different species and 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were analyzed. After the cultivation of the strains, spectral collection and data preprocessing, the S. aureus isolates were identified by a two‐step discrimination procedure. An internal validation and the related external validation were performed to demonstrate the discriminatory power and the quality of the discrimination models before the discrimination analysis. In the first step, 38 S. aureus isolates were correctly classified and the others were misidentified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus by hierarchical clustering analysis model using the first derivatives from the spectral range between 1,800 and 1,050/cm. In the second step, several classification/discrimination algorithms of soft‐independent modeling of class analogy, principal component regression and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were applied to build models for differentiating S. aureus and S. haemolyticus. The results showed that 57 (98.3%) strains and 4 (100%) strains of S. aureus and S. haemolyticus could be correctly identified by PLSR.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a potential method for rapid discrimination, classification and identification of intact microbial cells. In this study, FTIR spectroscopy equipped with a germanium attenuated total reflection accessory, using hierarchical clustering analysis–partial least squares regression discrimination analysis, is a powerful means for routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus.
BIOSAFETY CHALLENGES FOR THE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY
Authors: MONTVILLE THOMAS J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMicrobiology research and teaching must be conducted in a fashion that assures the health and well‐being of the practitioner and the safety of the community. This paper presents some biosafety issues and discusses how the interaction of the pathogen being studied, the person conducting the research and the practices being used can be manipulated to assure safety. The characterization of pathogens into risk groups, how these relate to biosafety levels, and the personal practices and laboratory design criteria associated with each biosafety level are explained. The importance of preventing or containing aerosols, limiting opportunities for cross‐contamination, and taking a flexible multicomponent approach to biosafety is emphasized.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSafety is an important, but often overlooked issue in food microbiology laboratories. This paper raises awareness, puts forth some approaches for dealing with biohazards and hopefully advances the safe practice of food microbiology.
STUDY ON RELEASE MECHANISM OF INHIBITORY COMPONENTS FROM CINNAMON AND CLOVE POWDERS
Authors: YANG JINCHU , KUANG XUAN , LI BIN , ZHOU BIN , LI JING , CUI BING , MA MEIHU 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, cinnamon powder and clove powder were successfully prepared using a high‐frequency oscillatory‐type ball mill at 20 ± 1C. The release behavior of inhibitory components (ICs) from powders into anhydrous alcohol was investigated by UV spectrometer. Also the release kinetics was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to standard release equations (zero‐order, first‐order, Higuchi and Ritger–Peppas equation). The results revealed that the release rate of the ICs was much faster from the clove powder than that from the cinnamon powder, which was probably related to the source of plant material, powder particle size, the structure and morphology, the aggregations of ultrafine powders, volatilization, oxidization and total loaded content. Their release profiles were found to be biphasic with a burst release followed by a gradual release phase, and the best fit was found with Ritger–Peppas model for the cinnamon powder and Higuchi model for the clove powder. It proved that the two powders could extend the shelf life of chilled meat because of their release behaviors.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCinnamon and clove were traditional food spices and were commonly used in the food industry because of their special aroma as well as their antibacterial and antifungal activities. On the other hand, controlled‐release systems using biodegradable polymers were widely used in numerous applications, especially food preservation. However, before carrying out this study, it was unknown whether ultrafine powders of ball‐milled cinnamon and clove can be directly used as controlled delivery systems for food preservation. In the present work, the release behaviors, kinetics and mechanism of ICs from powders were studied, and the antimicrobial activities of powders were determined. This study showed that ultrafine powders of ball‐milled cinnamon and clove would be a promising bacteriostasis and anticorrosion vehicle for food industry because of their controlled‐release behavior.
The Effects of Strategic Supplier Selection on Buyer Competitive Performance in Matched Domains: Does Supplier Integration Mediate the Relationships?
Authors: Koufteros Xenophon , Vickery Shawnee K. , Dröge Cornelia 
Published: April 2012

This research examines whether the strategic selection of suppliers based on supplier new product development capability, supplier quality capability and supplier cost capability directly and/or indirectly enhances the buyer's competitive performance capabilities in the matched domains of buyer product innovation, buyer quality and buyer competitive pricing, respectively. The resource‐based view of the firm is used to frame the direct effects of strategic supplier selection as the capability of a buyer to select a supplier with resources and expertise in a specified domain should enhance the buyer's performance capability in the “matched” domain (but not necessarily buyer performance in “unmatched” domains). Two supplier integration mechanisms — supplier partnerships and supplier development — are modeled as potential mediators, implying indirect paths. The research hypotheses focus on both direct and indirect effects for each of the matched domains, but do not posit relationships across different domains. For example, supplier selection for new product development capability should impact buyer product innovation (matched domains), but should not necessarily impact buyer quality capability (unmatched domains). The direct effects of strategic supplier selection on buyer performance are supported in each matched domain; however, the indirect effects through supplier integration are not significant for the matched domains. The results identify strategic supplier selection as a promising source of competitive advantage in the resource‐based view sense. In contrast, supplier development and supplier partnership do not provide performance benefits in a given domain above those arising from strategic supplier selection in the same domain; i.e., it is the nature of the resources selected that is key to competitive advantage.
Development of Predictive Models for the Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Cabbage in Korea
Authors: Ding Tian , Wang Jun , Forghani Fereidoun , Ha Sang‐Do , Chung Myung‐Sub , Bahk Gyung‐Jin , Hwang In‐Gyun , Abdallah Elgorban , Oh Deog‐Hwan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  Cabbage is the main material of coleslaw, a popular side dish in Korea as well as many other countries. In the present study, the combined effect of temperature (15, 25, and 35 °C) and relative humidity (60%, 70%, and 80%) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cabbage was investigated. The polynomial models for growth rate (GR), lag time (LT), and maximum population density (MPD) estimated from the Baranyi model were conducted with high coefficients of determination (R2> 0.98). Subsequently, performance and reliability of the models were assessed through external validation, employing three indices as bias factor (Bf), accuracy factor (Af), and the standard error of prediction expressed in percentage (%SEP). The Bf, Af, and %SEP values of the predictive models for GR were 1.008, 1.127 and 18.70%, while 1.033, 1.187 and 20.79% for LT and 0.960, 1.044 and 5.22% for MPD, respectively. The results demonstrated that the developed secondary models showed a good agreement between the observed and predicted values. Therefore, the established models can be suitable to estimate and control E. coli O157:H7 growth risk on cabbage at some steps from farm to table in Korea as a valuable tool.Practical Application:  The combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on the growth or survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cabbage was investigated. The validated predictive models are qualified to provide good predictions for E. coli O157:H7 growth, which can help to conduct the quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of E. coli O157:H7 on cabbage from farm to table in Korea.
Analysis of Lunasin in Commercial and Pilot Plant Produced Soybean Products and an Improved Method of Lunasin Purification
Authors: Cavazos Ariel , Morales Elsy , Dia Vermont P. , De Mejia Elvira Gonzalez 
Published: April 2012

Abstract:  Lunasin is a bioactive peptide present in soybean. It is important to quantify lunasin concentration in soy products to assess its potential impact as functional food. The objectives of this study were to analyze lunasin in commercial soymilk products and implement an efficient method to isolate and purify it from defatted soybean flour. Defatted soybean flour was suspended in water, and the extract was loaded in a pre‐equilibrated diethylaminoethyl column and bound proteins eluted using a step gradient of salt. Most lunasin was eluted from the column at 0.2 to 0.4M NaCl as quantified by immunoassays and purified using ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration techniques. Lunasin purity was ≥90% and a standard curve was used to quantify its concentration in soymilk products. Concentration of lunasin in soy products, including organic soymilk, soy protein shakes, and soy infant formulas, ranged from 1.78 to 9.26 mg lunasin/100 g product. The concentration per serving ranged from 1.59 ± 0.01 to 22.23 ± 0.74 mg lunasin with variability depending on brand and size per serving. Steam‐ground‐cooked soy had the highest concentration of lunasin (22.23 ± 0.74 mg/serving), similar to some commercial products. Ground‐cooked soymilk contained roughly half the concentration of lunasin (14.39 ± 1.4 mg/serving). Soy infant formulas that used soy protein isolate revealed lower concentrations of lunasin (P < 0.05). It was concluded that all soymilk products analyzed contained lunasin, and a more efficient method to isolate lunasin with higher purity was developed.Practical Application:  Soy foods have shown to play a role in cardiovascular health prevention. The quantification of lunasin in commercially available soy products can add to the already existing health claim for soy foods and encourage consumers to include soy products in their diets.
Retrospective study of 103 presumed cases of tick (Ixodes holocyclus) envenomation in the horse
Authors: Ruppin M , Sullivan S , Condon F , Perkins N , Lee L , Jeffcott LB , Dart AJ 
Published: April 2012

Objective  Review 103 cases of presumed tick envenomation in horses.Design  Retrospective study.Method  Variables, including date of presentation, age, breed, weight, presence of ticks, gait and respiration scores, duration of recumbency, treatment, outcome and complications were recorded. A series of univariable screening tests were performed and used in a multivariable logistic regression model.Results  There were a total of 103 cases affecting 10 breeds, aged between 1 week and 18 years of age. Horses >6 months old and weighing >100 kg had a higher odds of death than those <6 months old and <100 kg. Cases were seen from North Queensland to the central coast of New South Wales and were more likely to present in the warmer months. There was no association between the number of ticks found on an animal and death. Horses with a higher respiratory score had higher odds of dying, but there was no association between gait score and survival. Horses recumbent >120 h after presentation had higher odds of dying. Complications were reported in 35% of horses. The odds ratio for survival was higher for horses receiving >0.5 mL/kg of tick antiserum. Overall, 74% of horses survived. Multivariable modelling was limited by the small sample size.Conclusion  In general, tick envenomation in horses follows the geographic distribution of Ixodes holocyclus. Tick antiserum administered at >0.5 mL/kg increases the odds of survival. It would appear that the complications associated with managing a recumbent horse increase the odds of death.
Quarter‐milking‐, quarter‐, udder‐ and lactation‐level risk factors and indicators for clinical mastitis during lactation in pasture‐fed dairy cows managed in an automatic milking system
Authors: Hammer JF , Morton JM , Kerrisk KL 
Published: April 2012

Objectives To identify risk factors and indicators at quarter‐milking and other levels for clinical mastitis during lactation in pasture‐fed cows managed in an automatic milking system.Design A retrospective nested case–control study using data collected over a 31‐month period. A total of 803,948 quarter‐milkings from 249 cows were available for analysis, of which 245 were selected as clinical mastitis quarter‐milking cases and 2450 unaffected quarter‐milkings were selected as controls. Most of the diagnoses of clinical mastitis had been made after clinical assessments of quarters following automated alerts by the milking system. Potential risk factors and indicators were assessed using univariable and multivariable multilevel logistic models.Results Quarters that are milked infrequently and have low yield, fast peak milk flow rates, blood in the milk and/or elevated milk conductivity are at increased risk of clinical mastitis. Quarters were also at increased risk between days 10 and 29 of lactation, and during higher parity lactations. Milk fat and protein concentrations and the fat : protein ratio were not significantly associated with the development of clinical mastitis. Neither quarter position (fore or rear) nor side (left or right) was associated with clinical mastitis occurrence. Quarters that had been clinically affected more than 30 days previous in the current lactation were not at increased risk of redeveloping clinical mastitis.Conclusions Under the study conditions, the risk of clinical mastitis increased for quarter‐milkings in quarters that were milked less frequently in the previous 7 days, were low‐yielding, had fast peak milk flow rates and had more milkings in which blood was detected in milk and/or the milk conductivity was elevated. Risk was also increased in days 10–29 of lactation and in higher parity lactations.