bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and environmental influences on growth from late childhood to adulthood: A longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts
Authors: Jelenkovic Aline , Ortega‐Alonso Alfredo , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko , Rebato Esther , Silventoinen Karri 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives: Human growth is a complex process that remains insufficiently understood. We aimed to analyze genetic and environmental influences on growth from late childhood to early adulthood.Methods: Two cohorts of monozygotic and dizygotic (same sex and opposite sex) Finnish twin pairs were studied longitudinally using self‐reported height at 11–12, 14, and 17 years and adult age (FinnTwin12) and at 16, 17, and 18years and adult age (FinnTwin16). Univariate and multivariate variance component models for twin data were used.Results: From childhood to adulthood, genetic differences explained 72–81% of the variation of height in boys and 65–86% in girls. Environmental factors common to co‐twins explained 5–23% of the variation of height, with the residual variation explained by environmental factors unique to each twin individual. Common environmental factors affecting height were highly correlated between the analyzed ages (0.72–0.99 and 0.91–1.00 for boys and girls, respectively). Genetic (0.58–0.99 and 0.70–0.99, respectively) and unique environmental factors (0.32–0.78 and 0.54–0.82, respectively) affecting height at different ages were more weakly, but still substantially, correlated.Conclusions: The genetic contribution to height is strong during adolescence. The high genetic correlations detected across the ages encourage further efforts to identify genes affecting growth. Common and unique environmental factors affecting height during adolescence are also important, and further studies are necessary to identify their nature and test whether they interact with genetic factors. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute respiratory effects in firefighters
Authors: Greven Frans E. , Krop Esmeralda J. , Spithoven Jack J. , Burger Nena , Rooyackers Jos M. , Kerstjens Huib A. , van der Heide Sicco , Heederik Dick J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between acute respiratory inflammatory responses, changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, serum pneumoprotein levels, and exposure to fire smoke were studied.MethodsThe study comprised 51 firefighters. Blood samples were taken within 24 hr following exposure to fire smoke, and after a week and 3 months. Sputum was induced within 5 days post‐exposure and subjects underwent spirometry and methacholine provocation one week post‐exposure. Exposure was registered by a questionnaire.ResultsNo changes were observed following smoke exposure in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and serum pneumoprotein levels. Nevertheless, in a sizable proportion of the firefighters (44%) elevated sputum neutrophil levels (≥60%) were found. Serum IL‐8 concentrations were higher 24 hr post‐exposure compared to pre‐exposure. Elevated neutrophil levels in sputum were associated with elevated serum IL‐8 (β = 0.010, P = 0.004) and TNFα (β = 0.005, P = 0.034) levels within 24 hr post‐exposure and IL‐8 elevation lasted up to 3 months.ConclusionsAcute exposure to fire smoke induces acute neutrophilic airway and long‐lasting systemic inflammation in healthy firefighters in the absence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:54–62, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjugated Macrocycles: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Yamakawa Jun , Rahman M. Jalilur 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOne of the most important objectives in materials, chemical, and physical sciences is the creation of large conjugated macrocycles with well‐defined shapes, since such molecules are not only theoretically and experimentally interesting but also have potential applications in nanotechnology. Fully unsaturated macrocycles are regarded as models for infinitely conjugated π systems with inner cavities, and exhibit unusual optical and magnetic behavior. Macrocycles have interior and exterior sites, and site‐specific substitution at both or either site can afford attractive structures, such as 1D, 2D, and 3D supramolecular nanostructures. These nanostructures could be controlled through the use of π‐extended large macrocycles by a bottom‐up strategy. Numerous shape‐persistent π‐conjugated macrocycles have been synthesized, but only a few are on the nanoscale. This Review focuses on nanosized π‐conjugated macrocycles (>1 nm diameter) and giant macrocycles (>2 nm diameter), and summarizes their syntheses and properties.
The Measurement and Analysis of Depth in Archaeological Geophysics: Tests at the Biesterfeldt Site, USA
Authors: Dalan Rinita A. , Bevan Bruce W. , Goodman Dean , Lynch Dan , De Vore Steven , Adamek Steve , Martin Travis , Holley George , Michlovic Michael 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTInformation on depth may be gained through the analysis of geophysical maps, by utilizing soundings, pseudosections, or time‐slices, or via the application of downhole measurements. Various methods and techniques were compared at the Biesterfeldt site, a proto‐historic earth‐lodge village in the Northern Plains, USA. Both traditional and more experimental approaches were used, including ground‐penetrating radar time slices and overlay analyses, a resistivity pseudosection, two‐ and three‐dimensional magnetic and resistivity modelling, and downhole tests of magnetic susceptibility, magnetic viscosity, total magnetic field, capacitance and resistivity. A direct‐push colour system, measuring the reflection of light over the red–green–blue (RGB) and near‐infrared spectrum, provided another useful tool for mapping the depths of archaeological features and stratigraphic layers.Early historic maps of the site show more than 60 earth lodges and an encircling ditch. Current management efforts aim not only to georeference and evaluate the accuracy of these maps, but to determine the state of preservation of the archaeological features. These efforts are complicated by historic cultivation of the southern half of the site. Geophysical tests focused on depth yielded locations and depths for several lodges and the filled ditch as well as small and thin features and layers within them. A buried soil was also identified. Down‐hole geophysical and direct‐push color techniques were particularly helpful for mapping lodges in the plowed portion of the site. These results were confirmed through excavation. Adding geophysical tests focused on depth at Biesterfeldt provided information useful for understanding feature formation, context, and post‐depositional processes, and for designing effective at‐surface geophysical surveys, planning excavations and site management. These tests highlight the advantages of integrating techniques focused on depth with geophysical area surveys. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Zinc‐Catalyzed Dehydration of Primary Amides to Nitriles
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the present study, the zinc‐catalyzed dehydration of a variety of amides with N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) as a dehydration reagent into the corresponding nitriles has been examined in detail. With the straightforward and commercially available zinc(II)triflate as the precatalyst and MSTFA, an excellent system has been established to afford nitriles in excellent yields and chemoselectivities. After investigation of reaction conditions and the scope and limitations, several efforts were carried out to understand the reaction mechanism.
Influence of traffic variations on exposure to wireless signals in realistic environments
Authors: Mahfouz Zaher , Gati Azeddine , Lautru David , Wong Man‐Fai , Wiart Joe , Hanna Victor Fouad 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this article, the general public daily exposure to broadcast signals and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile telephone signals in indoor areas is investigated. Temporal variations and traffic distributions during a day at different indoor sites in urban and rural zones are presented. The goal is to analyze the real exposure compared to the maximum assessment imposed by radio protection standards and to characterize the ratio between daily and maximum theoretical values. Hence, a realistic maximum is proposed based on the statistical analysis performed using measurements. Broadcast signals remain constant over the day so they are best fitted with a Normal distribution while the mobile telephone signals depend on the traffic demand during the day so they fit a three‐Gaussian distribution model. A general mask is also constructed for underlining the maximum equivalent active traffic for different periods in the day. Also, relations between the mean values over 24 h, the realistic maximal values (at 99%) and the maximal theoretical values are presented. The realistic maximum is also presented with a sliding time average of 6 min applied to the measurements in accordance with international standards. An extrapolation factor is given for the different systems to easily assess the maximum values starting from an instantaneous measurement. The extrapolation factor is also given for a broadband measurement to estimate the maximum potential exposure during the day. Bioelectromagnetics 33:288–297, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heteromeric Assembled Polypeptidic Artificial Hydrolases with a Six‐Helical Bundle Scaffold
Authors: Bai Yu , Ling Yanbo , Shi Weiguo , Cai Lifeng , Jia Qiyan , Jiang Shibo , Liu Keliang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEnzyme efficiency results from the cooperation of functional groups in the catalytic site. In order to mimic a natural enzyme, a definite 3D scaffold must be carefully designed so that the functional groups can work cooperatively. During the HIV‐1 fusion process, the gp41 N‐ and C‐terminal heptad repeat regions form a coiled‐coil six‐helical bundle (6HB) that brings the viral and target cell membranes into close proximity for fusion. We used 6HB as the molecular model for a novel scaffold for the design of an artificial enzyme, in which the modified C34 and N36 peptides formed a unique 6HB structure through specific molecular recognition, and the position and orientation of the side‐chain groups on this scaffold were predictable. The histidine modified 6HB C34H13/20/N36H15/22 showed enzyme‐like hydrolytic activity towards p‐nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA; kcat/KM=3.66 M−1 s−1) through the cooperation of several inter‐ or intrahelical imidazole groups. Since the catalytic activity of 6HB depends on the C‐ and N‐peptide assembly, either HIV fusion inhibitors that can compete with the formation of catalytic 6HB or denaturants that can destroy the ordered structure were able to modulate its activity. Further engineering of the solvent‐exposing face with Glu−‐Lys+ salt bridges enhanced the helicity and the stability of 6HB. As a result, the population and stability of cooperative catalytic units increased. In addition, the Glu−‐Lys+‐stabilized 6HB SC35H13/20/N36H15/22 had increased catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM=6.30 M−1 s−1). A unique 6HB system was specifically assembled and provided a scaffold sufficiently stable to mimic the function of enzymes or other biomolecules.
Cell Targeting with Hybrid Qβ Virus‐Like Particles Displaying Epidermal Growth Factor
Authors: Pokorski Jonathan K. , Hovlid Marisa L. , Finn M. G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStructurally uniform protein nanoparticles derived from the self‐assembly of viral capsid proteins are attractive platforms for the multivalent display of cell‐targeting motifs for use in nanomedicine. Virus‐based nanoparticles are of particular interest because the scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting groups and carry a functional payload. Here, we displayed the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the exterior surface of bacteriophage Qβ as a C‐terminal genetic fusion to the Qβ capsid protein. The co‐assembly of wild‐type Qβ and EGF‐modified subunits resulted in structurally homogeneous nanoparticles displaying between 5 and 12 copies of EGF on their exterior surface. The particles were found to be amenable to bioconjugation by standard methods as well as the high‐fidelity copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). Such chemical derivatization did not impair the ability of the particles to specifically interact with the EGF receptor. Additionally, the particle‐displayed EGF remained biologically active promoting autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor and apoptosis of A431 cells. These results suggest that hybrid Qβ‐EGF nanoparticles could be useful vehicles for targeted delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Li7PS6 and Li6PS5X (X: Cl, Br, I): Possible Three‐Dimensional Diffusion Pathways for Lithium Ions and Temperature Dependence of the Ionic Conductivity by Impedance Measurements.
Authors: Deiseroth Hans‐Joerg , Maier Joachim , Weichert Katja , Nickel Vera , Kong Shiao‐Tong , Reiner Christof 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe specific Li‐ionic conductivities of the title compounds and their temperature dependences are measured by impedance spectroscopy using different electron‐blocking and ion‐blocking electrode systems between 160 and 550 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2SexTe3‐x Prepared by Bridgman Method.
Authors: Keawprak N. , Lao‐ubol S. , Eamchotchawalit C. , Sun Z. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effect of the Se content in Bi2SexTe3‐x (x = 0.12—0.60), obtained from the elements by the Bridgman method (973 K, 7 h), on the thermoelectric properties is determined by electrical and thermal measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Phase Chemical Route to Branched Single‐Crystalline CdS Nanoarchitectures and Their Field Emission Property.
Authors: Ge Ting , Kuai Long , Geng Baoyou 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBranched CdS nanostructures with high yield, good uniformity, and excellent crystallinity are hydrothermally prepared from H2O/EtOH (2:1) solutions containing CdSO4, Na2S2O4, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization and Photoluminescent Properties of (La1‐xSmx)2Ti2O7 Solid Solutions Synthesized by a Sol—Gel Route.
Authors: Shao Zhenmian , Saitzek Sebastien , Blach Jean‐Francois , Sayede Adlane , Roussel Pascal , Desfeux Rachel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title compounds (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) are synthesized by the sol—gel method from solutions of Ti(OiPr)4 in a mixture of acetylacetone and 2‐methoxyethanol and La(NO3)3 and Sm(NO3)3 in 2‐methoxyethanol (40 °C, 3 h) followed by calcination of the obtained gels at 700 °C for 6 h.
ChemInform Abstract: A Precursor Route to Synthesize Mesoporous γ‐MnO2 Microcrystals and Their Applications in Lithium Battery and Water Treatment.
Authors: Li Jingfa , Xi Baojuan , Zhu Yongchun , Li Qianwen , Yan Yan , Qian Yitai 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMnCO3 microplates and microspheres are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions of MnCl2, urea, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate or dodecyl sulfonic acid sodium, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: A Domino Pericyclic Route to Polysubstituted Salicylic Acid Derivatives: Four Sequential Processes from Enynones and Ketene Silyl Acetals.
Authors: Hamura Toshiyuki , Iwata Shin , Suzuki Keisuke 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlkenyl alkynyl ketones (I), (VI), (VIII), and (X) and ketene silyl acetals (II) and (IV) undergo regioselective [2 + 2]‐cycloaddition under thermal conditions, triggering domino pericyclic reactions en route to various poly‐substituted salicylic acid derivatives, such as (III), (V), (VII), (IX), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of Amines Catalyzed by Polymer‐Incarcerated Au Nanoclusters: Effect of Cluster Size and Cooperative Functional Groups in the Polymer.
Authors: Miyamura Hiroyuki , Morita Masataka , Inasaki Takeshi , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolymer‐incarcerated gold catalysts with different size of clusters are prepared and tested in aerobic oxidation reactions of a variety of amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Halide to π‐Bond Directly from Aqueous NaX Solution: A General Strategy for Installation of Two Different Functional Groups.
Authors: Pandit Palash , Gayen Krishnanka S. , Khamarui Saikat , Chatterjee Nirbhik , Maiti Dilip K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractActivation of π‐bonds with organic Lewis acid and cationic surfactant mediates direct transfer of halides to alkynes (I) and alkenes (III), (V), (VII) and (IX) and affords α,α‐dihaloketones (II) and 1,2‐halohydrins (IV), (VI), (VIII) and (X), resp., with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Efficient, General and Facile Iododecarboxylation Method with Biodegradable Co‐Products.
Authors: Kulbitski Kseniya , Nisnevich Gennady , Gandelman Mark 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCommercially available 1,3‐diiodo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin is used both as reaction initiator and iodine source under irradiative conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cooperative Participation of the Amido Group in the Organocatalytic Construction of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters by Michael Addition with β‐Ketoamides.
Authors: Sanchez Duque Maria del Mar , Basle Olivier , Isambert Nicolas , Gaudel‐Siri Anouk , Genisson Yves , Plaquevent Jean‐Christophe , Rodriguez Jean , Constantieux Thierry 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe novel organocatalytic reaction of cyclic α‐substituted β‐ketoamides to methyl‐ or ethylvinylketone proceeds with high yields and enantioselectivities to afford the products bearing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed, α‐Selective, Allylic Alkylation Reactions Between Phosphorothioate Esters and Organomagnesium Reagents.
Authors: Lauer Andrew M. , Mahmud Farzeen , Wu Jimmy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe highly regioselective process can be extended to the reaction of allylic chlorides such as (VII) using sodium diethylphosphorothioate as a stoichiometric additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of Protected Homoallylic Amines.
Authors: Wang Hongshe , Zhao Weixing 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) are obtained in a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of various aldehydes, benzylcarbamate, and allyltrimethylsilane.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Chiral Diamine‐Polyoxometalate (POM) Acids Catalyzed Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with Long‐Chain Aliphatic Ketones.
Authors: Gao Qiang , Lu Sheng‐Mei , Liu Yan , Li Can 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAmong various salts of L‐proline tested, DPM is described as a useful catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasounds‐Assisted Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Acetophenone Derivatives in Heterogeneous Catalysis.
Authors: Zbancioc Gheorghita N. , Zbancioc Ana Maria V. , Mantu Dorina , Miron Anca , Tanase Catalin , Mangalagiu Ionel I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUltrasound‐assisted bromination of acetophenones is a fast, facile, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of highly functionalized acetophenone derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl‐Monofluorination of Ibuprofen Selectively Increases Its Inhibitory Activity Toward Cyclooxygenase‐1 Leading to Enhanced Analgesic Activity and Reduced Gastric Damage in vivo.
Authors: Su Hong , Xie Yuli , Liu Wen‐Bo , You Shu‐Li 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA practical route for the asymmetric large‐scale synthesis of methyl‐monofluorinated ibuprofen (V) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of Aryl and Heteroaryl Methylketones to the Corresponding Secondary or Tertiary Amides.
Authors: Ding Jiaoyang , Cao Liping , Wang Jungang , Xue Weijian , Zhu Yanping , Wu Anxin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for the preparation of amides via a tandem Liebe/Haller—Bauer reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzils from Aryl Bromides: Vinylene Carbonate as a Synthetic Equivalent of Glyoxal.
Authors: Kim Ko Hoon , Park Bo Ram , Lim Jin Woo , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSequential diarylation of vinylene carbonate followed by ring opening to benzoin derivatives and oxidation provides symmetrical benzils (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Oxidative Polycyclization Process Mediated by a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent.
Authors: Desjardins Samuel , Andrez Jean‐Christophe , Canesi Sylvain 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe reaction allows a one‐step preparation of bi‐ and tricyclic scaffolds, often present in natural compounds, with complete stereocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Procedure to 2,8‐Diaminoindeno[1,2‐b]fluorene as a Blue Light Emitting Material.
Authors: Pham Van Chung , Huh Geun , Kim Jungahn , Choo Dong Joon , Lee Jae Yeol 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo synthetic routes to the title compound (V) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of trans‐N‐Alkylaziridine‐2‐carboxylates from Amino Alcohol Esters.
Authors: Kaabi Amani , Elemine Brahim Ould , Besbes Rafaa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSeveral novel N‐alkylaziridine‐2‐carboxylates are prepared by one‐pot conversion of substituted 1,2‐amino alcohols using ‐O‐Mes as suitable leaving group in the presence of Huenig′s base.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Transformations to Access Polycyclic Chemotypes: Asymmetric Crotylation and Metal Carbenoid Reactions.
Authors: Wu Jie , Becerril Jorge , Lian Yajing , Davies Huw M. L. , Porco John A. Jr. , Panek James S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe utility of a sequence consisting of organosilane‐based carbonylation followed by Rh(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric carbenoid transformation is demonstrated for the synthesis of different types of polycyclic heterocyclic frameworks such as (XI)‐(XIV),.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxyarylation of Dihydronaphthalene and Chromenes by o‐Iodophenols and Its Acetates.
Authors: Leao Raquel A. C. , Pinho Vagner D. , Coelho Artur S. , Buarque Camilla D. , Moraes Paula F. , Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen , Costa Paulo R. R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe best yields are obtained for reactions of electron‐rich olefins (I) and (IV) with iodophenols substituted by electron‐withdrawing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Oxidative Cyclization of Substituted N‐Aryl Enamines: Pd‐Catalyzed Formation of Indoles from Anilines.
Authors: Neumann Julia J. , Rakshit Souvik , Droege Thomas , Wuertz Sebastian , Glorius Frank 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, many functional groups are tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Mechanistic Pathway for the Synthesis of Novel Spiro‐oxindoles via 3‐Phenyl‐5‐isoxazolone Ring Cleavage by Secondary Amino Acids.
Authors: Lakshmi Neelakandan Vidhya , Arun Yuvaraj , Perumal Paramasivam T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe novel method uses a thermal three‐component reaction of isatins, amino acids and 3‐phenyl‐5‐isoxazoline and can be extended to ninhydrin as substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrano[3,4‐b]indoles Catalyzed by Chiral N‐Triflyl Phosphoramide via Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkylation Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Wei , Cai Quan , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Zhang Wei , You Shu‐Li 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe methodology allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of tricyclic indole structures.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst Animal Bone Meal for Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzothiazoles.
Authors: Riadi Yassin , Mamouni Rachid , Azzalou Rachid , El Haddad Mohammadine , Routier Sylvain , Guillaumet Gerald , Lazar Said 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions are developed for the title reaction including animal bone meal and CuBr2.