bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro‐dental diseases
Authors: Messier C , Epifano F , Genovese S , Grenier D 
Published: July 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 18, 32–39Licorice, the name given to the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species, has been used since ancient times as a traditional herbal remedy. Licorice contains several classes of secondary metabolites with which numerous human health benefits have been associated. Recent research suggests that licorice and its bioactive ingredients such as glycyrrhizin, glabridin, licochalcone A, licoricidin, and licorisoflavan A possess potential beneficial effects in oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of licorice and licorice constituents on both the oral microbial pathogens and the host immune response involved in common ora‐dental diseases (dental caries, periodontitis, candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers). It also summarizes results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of licorice and its constituents for preventing/treating oro‐dental diseases.
Molecular findings in oral premalignant fields: update on their diagnostic and clinical implications
Authors: Gonzalez‐Moles MA , Scully C , Ruiz‐Avila I 
Published: July 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 18, 40–47The development of multiple oral tumours, seen in up to 30% of patients with a primary oral squamous cell carcinoma, is sometimes attributable to the presence of genetically altered premalignant fields and has important prognostic implications. Molecular techniques available for the definitive diagnosis of such a field (loss of heterozygosity analysis of 3p, 9p and 17p and study of TP53 tumour suppressor gene mutation) are expensive, complex and not universally available, hampering their routine application. Nevertheless, molecular diagnosis is essential for modern assessment of the risk of multiple tumours and for decisions on the appropriate preventive and therapeutic approaches. This article reviews current knowledge on molecular findings in premalignant fields in the oral cavity and oropharynx and provides an update on criteria for their identification, discussing the clinical and therapeutic implications.
Planting a misdiagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in a person's mind
Authors: Merckelbach Harald , Jelicic Marko , Jonker Cees 
Published: July 2011

Objective: There is an extensive corpus of knowledge about how misinformation may distort autobiographical memories. A diagnostic error can be conceptualised as a form of misinformation.Methods: The authors discuss the case of a 58-year-old woman who was given a misdiagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.Results: The patient was deeply convinced that the diagnosis was correct, even when she was confronted with contradictory evidence.Conclusion: A diagnosis is not a neutral piece of information. It profoundly affects the lives of patients. The consequences of a misdiagnosis may be similar to persistent false memories.
Effect of caesarean section on brain maturation
Authors: Kapellou Olga 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe rates of caesarean section (CS) are increasing worldwide. The short‐term effects of CS in the newborn have been described and long‐term reported risks of alterations of pathophysiology include altered microflora, increased risk of childhood asthma and childhood‐onset type I diabetes mellitus. There has been emphasis on the respiratory morbidity related to the timing of elective CS. More recently, a population study demonstrated dose‐dependent effect of each week of gestation on the need for special education. This highlights the importance of intrauterine brain development towards the end of pregnancy and hitherto largely unexplored possible effects on neurodevelopment if it is interrupted.Conclusion: The timing of CS is important not only because delivery before 39 weeks can increase respiratory morbidity, but also owing to the fact that ongoing intrauterine brain maturation could be significant for future neurodevelopment.
Parental psychological well‐being and cognitive development of very low birth weight infants at 2 years
Authors: Huhtala Mira , Korja Riikka , Lehtonen Liisa , Haataja Leena , Lapinleimu Helena , Munck Petriina , Rautava Päivi ,   the PIPARI Study Group
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To assess the associations between cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and measures of parental psychological well‐being.Methods:  In this prospective cohort study, 182 VLBW infants born 1/2001–12/2006 at the Turku University Hospital, Finland, were followed up. At 2 years corrected age, cognitive development of the child was assessed using the Mental Development Index of Bayley Scales, and both parents filled in validated questionnaires defining parental psychological well‐being (Beck Depression Inventory, Parenting Stress Index and Sense of Coherence Scale).Results:  The cognitive delay of the infant was associated with paternal symptoms of depression (p = 0.007) and parenting stress (p = 0.03). Mothers of the infants with cognitive delay reported increased parenting stress related to the difficulty to accept the child (p = 0.001). Weak sense of coherence predicted depressive symptoms in both parents (p < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Even if the fathers of VLBW infants experienced depressive symptoms less often than the mothers, the ability of the fathers to cope was significantly associated with the cognitive development of the infant. In addition, the fathers reported more parenting stress if the infant had a cognitive delay. The mothers reported more parenting stress related to accepting the VLBW infant with cognitive delay.
Differences in the behavior of the crossbred steers of different sire lines of Japanese Black cattle
Authors: UETAKE Katsuji , ISHIWATA Toshie , KILGOUR Robert J. , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTWe determined differences in the behavior of the progeny of two major sire lines of Japanese Black cattle by recording the behavior of 35 and 70 half‐sib steers of sires from fast (FG) and slow (SG) growing lines, respectively. Two sire lines of steers were mixed and allocated to nine pens with 11–12 animals per pen. The proportion of steers lying was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the SG line (43.4 ± 5.7% compared to 40.3 ± 6.0%). The proportion of time spent eating concentrate feed (FG: 12.1 ± 2.3%; SG: 11.4 ± 2.1%), drinking (FG: 0.8 ± 1.1%; SG: 0.4 ± 0.6%), licking the feed trough (FG: 0.4 ± 0.6%; SG: 0.2 ± 0.4%) and performing tongue‐playing (FG: 3.1 ± 4.6%; SG: 1.0 ± 1.9%) was significantly higher in FG, whereas the proportion of time spent resting (FG: 41.5 ± 12.8%; SG: 43.7 ± 10.9%) and performing self‐licking (FG: 1.7 ± 1.4%; SG: 2.1 ± 1.3%) was higher in SG (all P < 0.05). These results show progeny of the FG sire engaged in more active behaviors compared to the progeny of the SG sire line.
Effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by‐product diets on growth performance and carcass traits in growing‐fattening Berkshire pigs
Authors: CHU Gyo Moon , YANG Jeong Mo , KIM Hoi Yun , KIM Chung Hui , SONG Young Min 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to investigate effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by‐product diets on the growth performance and carcass traits in growing‐fattening Berkshire pigs. The fermented diets mainly contained 40.0% mushroom by‐product, 20.0% formula feed, 26.0% rice bran and supplemental 0.1% probiotics. The mixed ingredients were fermented for 5 days at room temperature. Berkshire pigs (n = 225) were divided into five groups and three replications. The basal diets (C) were substituted by 10% (T1), 30% (T2), 50% (T3) and 70% (T4) fermented mushroom by‐product diets. Crude protein concentration and total calorie in fermented diets were significantly increased (P < 0.05) at the end of fermentation days compared with initial fermentation day. Body weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass weight were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the T2, T3 and T4 groups than in the control group. Carcass grade was significantly better (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed fermented diets than in the pigs fed control diet and the ratio of high grade (1 plus 2 grades) was higher in the fermented diet groups compared with the control group. Therefore, although a diet of fermented mushroom by‐product decreased growth performance and feed efficiency, it improved the carcass grade in Berkshire pigs.
Effects of plane of nutrition on growth, feed intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in Murrah graded male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves in Nepal
Authors: KUMAGAI Hajime , BARAL Bodh R. , SHIINO Tatsu , DEVKOTA Naba R. , OISHI Kazato , HIROOKA Hiroyuki , KOLACHHAPATI Mana R. , TIWARI Ishwor C. P. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted using 17 male buffalo calves to assess the effects of plane of nutrition on dry matter intake (DMI), daily gain (DG), body size measurement, apparent digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance. To attain 250 kg BW, the calves were allocated into three groups: H, L‐H and L, receiving the concentrate at 1.50% of BW, 0.75% of BW until 190 kg BW and 1.50% thereafter and 0.75% of BW, respectively. The animals had ad libitum access to urea‐treated rice straw (UTRS). The DMI of UTRS through the experiment was higher in L and L‐H than H, showing 3.52, 2.90 and 2.62 kg/day, respectively (P < 0.01), but the total DMI did not differ among the treatment groups. The DG throughout the experiment was high in the order of H, L‐H and L, showing 0.72, 0.57 and 0.45 kg, respectively (P < 0.01). The digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber and N retention were higher in H than in L (P < 0.05). The findings of this study thus revealed the greater DG has an advantage of shortening the growing period around 3 months, and consequently increasing benefit in fattening of buffalo calves in Nepal.
Cellular vacuolation induced by Clostridium perfringens epsilon‐toxin
Authors: Nagahama Masahiro , Itohayashi Yukari , Hara Hideki , Higashihara Masahiro , Fukatani Yusuke , Takagishi Teruhisa , Oda Masataka , Kobayashi Keiko , Nakagawa Ichiro , Sakurai Jun 
Published: July 2011

The epsilon‐toxin of Clostridium perfringens forms a heptamer in the membranes of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, leading to cell death. Here, we report that it caused the vacuolation of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. The toxin induced vacuolation in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. The monomer of the toxin formed oligomers on lipid rafts in membranes of the cells. Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 inhibited the vacuolation. Epsilon‐toxin was internalized into the cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that the internalized toxin was transported from early endosomes (early endosome antigen 1 staining) to late endosomes and lysosomes (lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 2 staining) and then distributed to the membranes of vacuoles. Furthermore, the vacuolation was inhibited by bafilomycin A1, a V‐type ATPase inhibitor, and colchicine and nocodazole, microtubule‐depolymerizing agents. The early endosomal marker green fluorescent protein–Rab5 and early endosome antigen 1 did not localize to vacuolar membranes. In contrast, the vacuolar membranes were specifically stained by the late endosomal and lysosomal marker green fluorescent protein–Rab7 and lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 2. The vacuoles in the toxin‐treated cells were stained with LysoTracker Red DND‐99, a marker for late endosomes and lysosomes. A dominant negative mutant of Rab7 prevented the vacuolization, whereas a mutant form of Rab5 was less effective. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that: (a) oligomers of epsilon‐toxin formed in lipid rafts are endocytosed; and (b) the vacuoles originating from late endosomes and lysosomes are formed by an oligomer of epsilon‐toxin.Structured digital abstract
Epsilon‐toxin colocalizes with Epsilon‐toxin by cosedimentationthroughdensitygradient (View interaction)
A protein oxidase catalysing disulfide bond formation is localized to the chloroplast thylakoids
Authors: Feng Wei‐Ke , Wang Liang , Lu Ying , Wang Xiao‐Yun 
Published: July 2011

In chloroplasts, thiol/disulfide‐redox‐regulated proteins have been linked to numerous metabolic pathways. However, the biochemical system for disulfide bond formation in chloroplasts remains undetermined. In the present study, we characterized an oxidoreductase, AtVKOR‐DsbA, encoded by the gene At4g35760 as a potential disulfide bond oxidant in Arabidopsis. The gene product contains two distinct domains: an integral membrane domain homologous to the catalytic subunit of mammalian vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) and a soluble DsbA‐like domain. Transient expression of green fluorescent protein fusion in Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that AtVKOR‐DsbA is located in the chloroplast. The first 45 amino acids from the N‐terminus were found to act as a transit peptide targeting the protein to the chloroplast. An immunoblot assay of chloroplast fractions revealed that AtVKOR‐DsbA was localized in the thylakoid. A motility complementation assay showed that the full‐length of AtVKOR‐DsbA, if lacking its transit peptide, could catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds. Among the 10 cysteine residues present in the mature protein, eight cysteines (four in the AtVKOR domain and four in the AtDsbA domain) were found to be essential for promoting disulfide bond formation. The topological arrangement of AtVKOR‐DsbA was assayed using alkaline phosphatase sandwich fusions. From these results, we developed a possible topology model of AtVKOR‐DsbA in chloroplasts. We propose that the integral membrane domain of AtVKOR‐DsbA contains four transmembrane helices, and that both termini and the cysteines involved in catalyzing the formation of disulfide bonds face the oxidative thylakoid lumen. These studies may help to resolve some of the issues surrounding the structure and function of AtVKOR‐DsbA in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.Structured digital abstract
AtVKOR‐DsbA and D1 colocalize by cosedimentation in solution (View interaction)
Synergy between the N‐terminal and C‐terminal domains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HupB is essential for high‐affinity binding, DNA supercoiling and inhibition of RecA‐promoted strand exchange
Authors: Sharadamma N. , Khan Krishnendu , Kumar Sandeep , Neelakanteshwar Patil K. , Hasnain Seyed E. , Muniyappa K. 
Published: July 2011

The occurrence of DNA architectural proteins containing two functional domains derived from two different architectural proteins is an interesting emerging research theme in the field of nucleoid structure and function. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HupB, unlike Escherichia coli HU, is a two‐domain protein that, in the N‐terminal region, shows broad sequence homology with bacterial HU. The long C‐terminal extension, on the other hand, contains seven PAKK/KAAK motifs, which are characteristic of the histone H1/H5 family of proteins. In this article, we describe several aspects of HupB function, in comparison with its truncated derivatives lacking either the C‐terminus or N‐terminus. We found that HupB binds a variety of DNA repair and replication intermediates with Kd values in the nanomolar range. By contrast, the N‐terminal fragment of M. tuberculosis HupB (HupBMtbN) showed diminished DNA‐binding activity, with Kd values in the micromolar range, and the C‐terminal domain was completely devoid of DNA‐binding activity. Unlike HupBMtbN, HupB was able to constrain DNA in negative supercoils and introduce negative superhelical turns into relaxed DNA. Similarly, HupB exerted a robust inhibitory effect on DNA strand exchange promoted by cognate and noncognate RecA proteins, whereas HupBMtbN, even at a 50‐fold molar excess, had no inhibitory effect. Considered together, these results suggest that synergy between the N‐terminal and C‐terminal domains of HupB is essential for its DNA‐binding ability, and to modulate the topological features of DNA, which has implications for processes such as DNA compaction, gene regulation, homologous recombination, and DNA repair.Structured digital abstract
hupB binds to hupB by cross‐linking study (View interaction)
Guidance of pharmacotherapy in a complex psychiatric case by CYP450 DNA typing
Authors: Landino Joan , Buckley Jane , Roy John M. , Villagra David , Gorowski Krystyna , Kocherla Mohan , Windemuth Andreas , Ruaño Gualberto 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose: To illustrate the utility of CYP450 genotyping to guide clinical psychopharmacological treatment decisions and minimize or avoid harmful and costly adverse drug reactions (ADRs).Data sources: DNA was extracted from a whole blood sample from the case study subject and tested for CYP450 gene polymorphisms in the CLIA certified Laboratory of Personalized Health at Genomas, Inc. Clinical data were obtained from patient records and clinician observations.Conclusions: We present a case in which the ascertainment of multiple CYP450 isoenzyme deficiencies resulted in a dramatic change in psychotropic treatment approach. Shortly after making these adjustments, the patient saw a significant improvement in most of her debilitating psychiatric symptoms.Implications for practice: In complex cases, CYP450 DNA testing can guide pharmacotherapy by exposing innate hepatic metabolic deficiencies as a result of DNA polymorphism. In such cases, clinicians can favor treatments that target functional isoenzyme pathways rather than deficient or null pathways thus leading to decreased risk of ADRs and improved patient response.
Policy Analysts in the Bureaucracy Revisited: The Nature of Professional Policy Work in Contemporary Government
Authors: HOWLETT MICHAEL , WELLSTEAD ADAM M. 
Published: July 2011

Thirty‐five years ago Arnold Meltsner observed that professional policy analysts in the U.S. government undertook several roles in the policy‐making process, the most common of which involved “technical” information processing while others were more “political” in nature. Although still prescient, more recent empirical studies of professional policy work have found little evidence of the predominance of technicians in the ranks of analysts employed in public policy bureaucracies. However, only very weak and partial information exists on the situation in most countries, and descriptions of the nature of policy work often remain primarily normative and lacking in empirical referents. This article reexamines the duties and nature of contemporary professional policy analysis in the Canadian bureaucracy. It reveals that contemporary policy work is constituted by more complex and multisided practices than Meltsner and his followers described. These findings are significant for those wishing to understand, and improve, the nature of policy work in contemporary government.Hace treinta y cinco años Arnold Meltsner observó que los analistas legislativos profesionales en el gobierno de los Estados Unidos se encargan de diferentes tareas en el proceso legislativo, el más común involucraba el proceso de información “técnica” mientras que otros eran de una naturaleza más “política”. Estudios empíricos más recientes del trabajo profesional legislativo han encontrado poca evidencia del predominio de técnicos en puestos analíticos en las burocracias del sector público. Sin embargo, existe tenue y parcial información sobre la situación de la mayoría de los países y la descripción de la naturaleza del trabajo legislativo permanece normativa y carente de referentes empíricos. Este estudio reexamina los deberes y naturaleza de analistas legislativos profesionales en la burocracia Canadiense y revela que el trabajo legislativo contemporáneo está constituido por prácticas más complejas de las que Meltsner y sus partidarios describieron. Estos hallazgos son significativos para aquellos que deseen comprender y mejorar la naturaleza del trabajo legislativo en la gobernabilidad contemporánea.
Human Glioblastoma Stem‐Like Cells are More Sensitive to Allogeneic NK and T Cell‐Mediated Killing Compared with Serum‐Cultured Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Avril Tony , Vauleon Elodie , Hamlat Abderrahmane , Saikali Stéphan , Etcheverry Amandine , Delmas Caroline , Diabira Sylma , Mosser Jean , Quillien Véronique 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most dramatic primary brain cancer with a very poor prognosis because of inevitable disease recurrence. The median overall survival is less than 1 year after diagnosis. Cancer stem cells have recently been disclosed in GBM. GBM stem‐like cells (GSCs) exhibit resistance to radio/chemotherapeutic treatments and are therefore considered to play an important role in disease recurrence. GSCs are thus appealing targets for new treatments for GBM patients. In this study, we show that GBM cells with stem cell characteristics are resistant to lysis mediated by resting natural killer (NK) cells because of the expression of MHC class I molecules. However, GSCs are killed by lectin‐activated NK cells. Furthermore, in experiments using the therapeutic antibody CetuximAb, we show that GSCs are sensitive to antibody‐mediated cytotoxicity. We confirm the sensitivity of GSC to cytotoxicity carried out by IL2‐activated NK cells and tumor‐specific T cells. More importantly, we show that GSCs are more sensitive to NK and T cell‐mediated lysis relatively to their corresponding serum‐cultured GBM cells obtained from the same initial tumor specimen. Altogether, these results demonstrate the sensitivity of GSC to immune cell cytotoxicity and, therefore, strongly suggest that GSCs are suitable target cells for immunotherapy of GBM patients.
Expansive open‐door laminoplasty and selective anterior cervical decompression and fusion for treatment of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Liu Xin‐yu , Yuan Suo‐mao , Tian Yong‐hao , Zheng Yan‐ping , Li Jian‐min 
Published: July 2011

Objective:  To evaluate the clinical results of combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty by splitting of spinous processes and selective anterior cervical decompression and fusion in treatment of multilevel severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).Methods:  Twenty‐eight patients (16 men and 12 women) underwent one‐stage combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty and selective anterior decompression and fusion for severe CSM; the average patient age was 51.3 years (range, 32–63 years). Clinical results were assessed by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, number of finger grip and releases (G and R) in ten seconds, hand‐grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) of axial pain, and C2‐C7 angle.Results:  There was no worsening of neurological symptoms due to cord injury, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or wound infection. All cases completed one‐year follow‐up. The JOA scores, number of G and R in ten seconds, and hand‐grip strength were all significantly improved (P < 0.05). Satisfactory decompression was shown by MRI or CT to have been achieved in all cases. The C2‐C7 angle did not differ significantly from that found pre‐operatively. The axial neck pain score was 2.0 ± 0.1 on VAS.Conclusion:  Combined expansive open‐door laminoplasty by splitting of spinous processes and selective anterior decompression and fusion achieves complete spinal canal decompression with minimal morbidity; this strategy is effective in improving the surgical outcomes of CSM in one‐year follow‐up.