bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Hemimandibulectomy Patient
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Arora Aman 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Rehabilitation of patients with mandibular defect requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a head and neck surgeon, maxillofacial prosthodontist and a reconstructive surgeon. A hemimandibulectomy patient can have many debilitating consequences such as eccentric occlusion, disoriented masticatory cycle, facial disfigurement, distorted speech and salivation problem. The aim of this case report is to describe a technique which combines crown with prosthetic rehabilitation to meet the functional and esthetic requirement of the hemimandibulectomy patients.
Iron Overload in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ali Sharif , Pimentel Jason D. , Munoz Javier , Shah Veena , McKinnon Rick , Divine George , Janakiraman Nalini 
Published: April 2012

Context.—Patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplant are at an increased risk of developing iron overload.Objectives.—To describe the effect of hepatic iron overload on hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and to validate the utility of histologic scoring system of iron granules in the liver.Design.—Records of 154 post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients were reviewed. Forty-nine patients underwent liver biopsy. Histologic hepatic iron overload was defined as a score of 2 or greater (scale, 0–4).Results.—Twenty-eight of 49 patients (57%) evaluated by liver biopsy had hepatic iron overload; 17 had moderate to severe hepatic iron overload (score, 3 or 4). In multivariate analysis, a significant correlation was discovered between hepatic iron overload and the number of transfusions (P &lt; .001), posttransplant serum ferritin levels (P  =  .004), lactate dehydrogenase levels (P  =  .03), and the development of blood stream infections (P  =  .02). There was no correlation between hepatic iron overload and abnormal liver function test results. While 37 patients (76%) died after receiving a transplant, mortality was not influenced by hepatic iron overload but was significantly higher in older patients, in patients with lower serum albumin levels, higher serum bilirubin levels, and higher clinical grade of acute graft-versus-host disease (P  =  .04, P  =  .001, P  =  &lt;.001, and P  =  .004, respectively).Conclusions.—Hepatic iron overload is commonly identified in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and can be accurately diagnosed by liver biopsy. In addition, hepatic iron overload has been identified in patients receiving as few as 25 units of packed red blood cells, with elevated posttransplant serum ferritin levels, and with blood stream infections.
Quantitative Assessment and Classification of Tissue-Based Biomarker Expression With Color Content Analysis
Authors: Keller Brad , Chen Weijie , Gavrielides Marios A. 
Published: April 2012

Context.—The use of computer aids has been suggested as a way to reduce interobserver variability that is known to exist in the interpretation of immunohistochemical staining in pathology. Such computer aids should be automated in their usage but also they should be trained in an automated and reproducible fashion.Objective.—To present a computer aid for the quantitative analysis of tissue-based biomarkers, based on color content analysis.Design.—The developed system incorporates an automated algorithm to allow retraining based on the color properties of different training sets. The algorithm first generates a color palette containing the colors present in a training subset. Based on the palette, color histograms are derived and are used as feature vectors to a pattern recognition system, which returns an output proportional to biomarker continuous expression or a categorical classification. The method was evaluated on a database of HER2/neu digital breast cancer slides, for which expression scores from a pathologist panel were available. The system was retrained and evaluated on different transformations of the database, including compression, blurring, and changes in illumination, to examine its robustness to different imaging conditions frequently met in digital pathology.Results.—Results showed high agreement between the results of the algorithm and the truth from the pathologist panel as well as robustness to image transformations.Conclusions.—The results of the study are encouraging for the potential of this method as a computer aid to assess biomarker expression in a consistent and reproducible manner.
Reversible Fragmentation and Self‐Assembling of Nematic Liquid Crystal Droplets on Functionalized Pyroelectric Substrates
Authors: Merola Francesco , Grilli Simonetta , Coppola Sara , Vespini Veronica , De Nicola Sergio , Maddalena Pasquale , Carfagna Cosimo , Ferraro Pietro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractInvestigation on the behavior of nematic liquid crystals on functionalized polar dielectric crystal substrates is accomplished. Very interesting effects can be observed in maneuvering liquid crystal droplets on the substrate surface, driven by electric fields generated by pyroelectric effect. Reversible drops fragmentation and self‐assembling in different configurations can be achieved. The dynamics of the observed phenomena is studied and the repeatability of the process is full assessed.
A Metal‐Free Oxidative Esterification of the Benzyl CH Bond
Authors: Feng Jie , Liang Shuai , Chen Shan‐Yong , Zhang Ji , Fu Song‐Sen , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn efficient metal‐free oxidative esterification of benzyl CH bonds was developed. Using tetrabutylammonium iodide as catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as co‐oxidant, benzylic substrates could react smoothly with various carboxylic acids to give the esters with good to excellent yields. The method was also suitable for the O‐protection of N‐Boc amino acids. The reaction mechanism was primarily investigated and a radical process was proposed.
Enantioselective Diynylation of Cyclic N‐Acyl Ketimines: Access to Chiral Trifluoromethylated Tertiary Carbinamines
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Hai , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Gao Qingzhi , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel enantioselective diynylation of cyclic N‐acyl trifluoromethylketimines with chloramphenicol‐amine derivatives as chiral additives has been successfully developed. A series of diynylated tertiary trifluoromethylcarbinamines were obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (with up to 99% ee).
Li4Ti5O12 Nanoparticles Embedded in a Mesoporous Carbon Matrix as a Superior Anode Material for High Rate Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Shen Laifa , Zhang Xiaogang , Uchaker Evan , Yuan Changzhou , Cao Guozhong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA mesoporous Li4Ti5O12/C nanocomposite is synthesized by a nanocasting technique using the porous carbon material CMK‐3 as a hard template. Modified CMK‐3 template is impregnated with Li4Ti5O12 precursor, followed by heat treatment at 750 °C for 6 h under N2. Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystals of up to several tens of nanometers are successfully synthesized in micrometer‐sized porous carbon foam to form a highly conductive network, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption isotherms. The composite is then evaluated as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. It exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance compared with bulk Li4Ti5O12, and shows an excellent rate capability (73.4 mA h g−1 at 80 C) with significantly enhanced cycling performance (only 5.6% capacity loss after 1000 cycles at a high rate of 20 C). The greatly enhanced lithium storage properties of the mesoporous Li4Ti5O12/C nanocomposite may be attributed to the interpenetrating conductive carbon network, ordered mesoporous structure, and the small Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystallites that increase the ionic and electronic conduction throughout the electrode.
Incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with celiac disease
Authors: Leslie Lori A. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Neugut Alfred I. , Gregory Mears John , Bhagat Govind , Green Peter H.R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPrior studies describe an increased incidence of lymphoma in celiac disease. However, few studies differentiate among lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). Our aim was to determine incidences of LPD subtypes in celiac disease patients, describe patterns of celiac disease presentation in patients who develop LPD, and compare survival in patients with various LPD subtypes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with biopsy‐proven celiac disease seen at a US referral center from 1981 to 2010, identified patients with comorbid LPD, and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for each LPD subtype. In our cohort of 1,285 patients with celiac disease, there were 40 patients with LPD [SIR = 6.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.62–8.64] including 33 with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, SIR = 6.91, 95% CI = 4.26–8.28). The incidences of NHL subtypes including enteropathy‐associated T‐cell (EATL, n = 12), non‐EATL T‐cell (SIR = 22.43, 95% CI = 7.08–46.41), diffuse large B‐cell (SIR = 5.37, 95% CI = 1.93–10.52), mantle cell (SIR = 32.21, 95% CI = 6.07–78.97), and marginal zone (SIR = 37.17, 11.73–76.89) lymphoma remained significantly elevated when only those diagnosed with celiac before LPD were considered (n = 24, NHL SIR = 4.47, 95% CI = 2.86–6.44). Patients who developed LPD were older at time of celiac disease diagnosis (57.9 ± 15.5 versus 42.5 ± 17.4 years, P < 0.0001) and more likely to present with diarrhea (60.0% versus 39.8% P = 0.016), abdominal pain (17.5% versus 5.5% P = 0.0046), and/or weight loss (12.5% versus 4.0%, P = 0.028). EATL patients had a shorter average survival than non‐EATL NHL patients (3.2 versus 15.0 years, P = 0.016). The incidence of LPD is increased in celiac disease patients. Those diagnosed later in life who present with symptoms of malabsorption are more likely to be diagnosed with LPD. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus infection and waste collection: Prevalence, risk factors, and infection pathway
Authors: Rachiotis George , Papagiannis Dimitrios , Markas Dimitrios , Thanasias Efthimios , Dounias George , Hadjichristodoulou Christos 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundWaste collectors have a potential risk of infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to assess; the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), risk factors for infection and possible ways of virus transmission among municipal solid waste workers (MSWWs) in a municipality of central Greece.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among the employees of a municipality in Central Greece. The prevalence of an HBV infection biological marker (anti‐Hbc) and its association with exposure to waste, socio‐demographic factors, and history of occupational injuries with sharp objects/needle sticks was examined among 208 employees.ResultsThe prevalence of HBV infection among the municipal waste collectors was 23%. Logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to waste (OR = 4.05;95%CI = 1.23–13.33) and age (OR = 5.22;95% CI = 1.35–20.1) were independently associated with the anti‐Hbc positivity. Moreover, waste collectors who reported occupational injuries with needle sticks were at higher risk of HBV infection (RR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.01–6.96).ConclusionsOccupational exposure to waste is a possible risk factor for HBV infection. Occupational injury with sharp instruments could be a means of hepatitis B virus transmission. Immunization of MSWWs and adoption of more safe ways for waste collection could be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:650–655, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new technique for preparation of PDMS/ceramic nanocomposite membrane for gaseous hydrocarbons separation
Authors: Jannatdoust E. , Babaluo A. A. , Abbasi F. , Akhfash Ardestani M. , Peyravi M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA novel composite membrane using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a top active layer and ceramic nanocomposite as the support layer was developed for the gaseous hydrocarbons separation. For the fabrication of hybrid membranes, nanocomposite technology applied for manufacturing ceramic supports with controllable microstructures. Also, a new method was used for coating a uniform and no penetrated polymeric layer. Top layer of ceramic support with nanocomposite microstructures was fabricated using 5 wt % α‐Al2O3‐SiO2 bidispersed suspensions with optimum weight fraction of second phase (SiO2) based on the fractional collision frequency theory. PDMS selective layer was coated on the outer surface of the porous ceramic nanocomposite support by dip‐coating method. In this respect, the effect of several parameters such as pretreatment temperature, PDMS solution concentration, and number of coated polymeric layers on prepared layers morphology and hybrid membrane performance in the separation of condensable hydrocarbons (iso and n‐butane) from hydrogen were investigated. The results showed that the membranes fabricated at 140°C as pretreatment temperature and three polymeric layers by 7, 15, and 15 wt % PDMS concentration, respectively, had a high selectivity (>25 at 2 bar)) in C4H10/H2 separation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The influence of talc as a nucleation agent on the nonisothermal crystallization and morphology of isotactic polypropylene: The application of the Lauritzen–Hoffmann, Avrami, and Ozawa theories
Authors: Kocic Nikola , Kretschmer Karsten , Bastian Martin , Heidemeyer Peter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new method is proposed, which can be used to analyze the influence of different additives and fillers on the nonisothermal crystallization of polymers. The composites of talc in isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) were prepared using a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The compounds were subsequently dried and injection molded. PP morphology and talc dispersion were visualized using optical microscopy and computed tomography. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements provided an insight into the crystal structure of PP. The data obtained from nonisothermal DSC measurements were fitted to the Avrami model for the nonisothermal case. The calculated Avrami's exponent (n), which takes into account the influence of talc on the nucleation and growth of the PP crystals, was used in the combination of Lauritzen–Hoffman and Ozawa models to calculate the nucleation parameter (Kg). A good agreement was found between the model predictions and literature values. The examination shows that the developed model extension gives an expected trend in the case of i‐PP filled with talcs from the same origin but with different particle sizes. Furthermore, it is shown that delaminated talc with a higher specific surface is more efficient in nucleation of i‐PP. Thus, the introduced model extension could be a useful tool for comparing of nucleation ability of different additives in the crystallization of polymers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
An antibacterial submicron fiber mat with in situ synthesized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Rivero Pedro J. , Urrutia Aitor , Goicoechea Javier , Rodríguez Yoany , Corres Jesús M. , Arregui Francisco J. , Matías Ignacio R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis work presents an alternative approach for fabricating electrospun submicron highly hydrophilic fiber mats loaded with silver nanoparticles. These fiber mats show a high efficient antibacterial behavior, very attractive for applications like wound healing and skin regeneration processes. The fabrication method is divided in two steps. First, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) submicron fibers were electrospun and further stabilized using a thermal treatment, yielding stable hydrogel‐like fibers with diameters ranging from 100 nm up to several microns. In the second step, silver ions were loaded into the fibers and then reduced to silver nanoparticles in‐situ. The electrospinning parameters were adjusted to achieve the desired properties of the fiber mat (density, size) and afterwards, the characteristics of the silver nanoparticles (amount, size, aggregation) were tuned by controlling the silver ion loading mechanism. Highly biocide surfaces were achieved showing more than 99.99% of killing efficiency. The two‐step process improves the reproducibility and tunability of the fiber mats. To our knowledge, this is the first time that stable hydrogel fibers with a highly biocide behavior have been fabricated using electrospinning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and crosslinking behavior of a soluble, crosslinkable, and high young modulus poly(arylene ether nitriles) with pendant phthalonitriles
Authors: Yang Jian , Yang Xulin , Zou Yanke , Zhan Yingqing , Zhao Rui , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPoly(arylene ether nitriles) (PEN) with pendant phthalonitrile groups (PENCN) were obtained via the Yamazaki‐Higashi phosphorylation route of 4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APN) with acid‐contained PEN (PENCOOH) in the presence of CaCl2. The chemical structure and molecular weight of PENCN were characterized by 1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Gel permeation chromatography. The synthesized PENCN had superior solubility in polar organic solvent and can be easily processed into thin films from the solutions of N‐methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N′‐dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and tetrahydrofuran. Compared with PENCOOH, PENCN showed higher thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperatures (T5%) up to 430°C. The glass transition temperature of PENCN was improved from 211 to 235°C measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, it also exhibited excellent mechanical properties that Young's modulus reached to 3.5 GPa. Meanwhile, the effects of different aromatic amines and Lewis acid on the crosslinking behavior of PENCN were investigated by DSC. The results indicated that anhydrous Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was the best catalyst to lower the curing temperature among 2,6‐bis(4‐diaminobenzoxy) benzonitrile, 4,4‐diaminediphenyl sulfone, APN and ZnCl2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Surface modification of carbon fiber and the mechanical properties of the silicone rubber/carbon fiber composites
Authors: Kim Eung Soo , Lee Tae Hwa , Kim Eun Jeong , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEffects of the incorporation of the PAN‐based carbon fiber (CF) into a room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) containing terminal silanol groups, on the thermal stability and mechanical properties were explored. CF was modified with nitric acid to introduce hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the CF surface. These functional groups were then treated with an isocyanato silane compound, 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysiane (IPTS) to incorporate trialkoxy groups to the acid‐treated CF to prepare IPTS grafted CF (I‐CF). The alkoxy groups on the surface of I‐CF may undergo the condensation reaction with the silanol groups of RTV to enhance the interfacial interaction between I‐CF and RTV. Morphology of the fractured surface of RTV/CF composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed and rationalized by the increase in the degree of curing of RTV and the enhanced interfacial interaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of chemically treated pine needles reinforced thermosetting composites
Authors: Singha Amar Singh , Jyoti Aishwarya 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNatural fibers are widely used as reinforcement in composites. Pine needles are one of the major biowaste generated by Pinus roxburgii plant. This species is found abundantly in the forests of Himachal Pradesh. In this work, composites of urea–resorcinol–formaldehyde resin‐reinforced with Pine needles fibers were prepared. Fibers were chemically modified to improve their compatibility with matrix. These fibers were mercerized with NaOH solution and acetylated to increase their hydrophobic character. The chemically modified fibers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectra, 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The composites were prepared with treated and untreated fibers containing 30% fibers by weight using compression molding technique. The morphology of the materials thus obtained was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical modifications of fibers improve fiber–matrix adhesion and also have markedly effect on mechanical properties of composites. Moreover, the thermal resistance of these composites was improved on chemical modification. These results indicate that chemically modified fibers exhibit better compatibility with the polymer matrix than that of untreated fiber. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 2013
Study of uranium adsorption using amidoximated polyacrylonitrile‐encapsulated macroporous beads
Authors: Singh Krishankant , Shah Chetan , Dwivedi Charu , Kumar Manmohan , Bajaj Parma N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile beads, containing the amidoximated polyacrylonitrile, were prepared for adsorption of uranium. The synthesized amidoximated polyacrylonitrile chelating beads were evaluated, for their ability to adsorb uranium from aqueous solution, at different temperatures and pH values. The kinetic measurement showed that about 120 min of equilibration time was enough, to remove saturation amount of uranium from the solution. The pseudo first‐order and pseudo second‐order equations were used to analyze the kinetic data, and the rate constants were determined. The equilibrium adsorption data were examined by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The data showed a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm. The loaded uranium could also be leached out from the beads, by treating with dilute acids. The uranium uptake capacity of the polymeric beads was found to be 3.5 mg/g of the swollen beads. Reusability of the beads was also established by multiple adsorption–desorption experiments. The pore volume and the surface area of the dried beads, measured by BET method, were found to be 1.93 cc/g and 320 m2/g, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Comparative study of homogeneous solvents for the esterification crosslinking of cellulose with 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and water absorbency of the reaction products
Authors: Kono Hiroyuki , Fujita Sayaka , Oeda Ikuo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSuperabsorbent hydrogels were prepared via esterification crosslinking of cellulose with 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTCA) in three solvent systems: lithium chloride (LiCl)/N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP), LiCl/N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO). The absorbency of the hydrogels was strongly dependent on the BTCA feed to cellulose ratio as well as the nature of the solvent system used. The rate of cellulose esterification was enhanced in TBAF/DMSO relative to the other systems, and the highest water absorbency of the hydrogels (987 g g−1 polymer) was also achieved using this system. The hydrogels obtained in the TBAF/DMSO system had a similar degree of both crosslinking and grafting, indicating that both reactions were promoted to the same extent in this solvent, whereas crosslinking was preferentially enhanced over grafting in the LiCl/NMP and LiCl/DMAc systems. The difference in the composition of the hydrogels was attributed to the difference in the electronegativity of the fluoride and chloride anions in these solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013