bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic stress triggers active exudation of arsenic–phytochelatin complexes from Lupinus albus roots
Authors: Frémont Adrien , Sas Eszter , Sarrazin Mathieu , Brisson Jacques , Pitre Frédéric Emmanuel , Brereton Nicholas James Beresford 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of soils threatens the health of millions globally through accumulation in crops. While plants detoxify As via phytochelatin (PC) complexation and efflux of arsenite from roots, arsenite efflux mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, white lupin (Lupinus albus) was grown in semi-hydroponics, and exudation of glutathione (GSH) derivatives and PCs in response to As was measured using LC-MS/MS. Inhibiting synthesis of the PC precursor GSH with l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or ABC transporters with vanadate drastically reduced (&gt;22%) GSH derivative and PC2 exudation, but not PC3 exudation. This was accompanied by As hypersensitivity in plants treated with BSO and moderate sensitivity with vanadate treatment. Investigating As–PC complexation revealed two distinct As–PC complexes, As bound to GSH and PC2 (GS–As–PC2) and As bound to PC3 (As–PC3), in exudates of As-treated lupin plants. Vanadate inhibited As–PC exudation, while BSO inhibited both the synthesis and exudation of As–PC complexes. These results demonstrate a role for GSH derivatives and PC exudation in lupin As tolerance and reveal As–PC exudation as a new potential mechanism contributing to active As efflux in plants. Overall, this study uncovers insights into rhizosphere As detoxification with potential to help mitigate pollution and reduce As accumulation in crops.
Trinity IV: predictions for supermassive black holes at z ≳ 6
Authors: Zhang Haowen , Behroozi Peter , Volonteri Marta , Silk Joseph , Fan Xiaohui , Aird James , Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Tee Wei Leong , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present predictions for the high-redshift halo–galaxy–supermassive black hole (SMBH) connection from the Trinity model. Matching a comprehensive compilation of galaxy (0 ≤ z ≤ 13) and SMBH data sets (0 ≤ z ≤ 6.5), Trinity finds: (1) The number of SMBHs with M• &gt; 109 M⊙ in the observable Universe increases by five orders of magnitude from z ∼ 10 to z ∼ 2, and by another factor of ∼3 from z ∼ 2 to z = 0; (2) The M• &gt; 109 and 1010 M⊙ SMBHs at z ∼ 6 live in haloes with ∼(2 − 3) and (3 − 5) × 1012 M⊙; (3) the newly discovered JWST AGN candidates at 7 ≲ z ≲ 11 are overmassive compared to the intrinsic SMBH mass–galaxy mass relation from Trinity, but they are still broadly consistent with Trinity predictions for flux limited AGN samples with Lauer bias. This bias favours the detection for overmassive SMBHs due to higher luminosities at a fixed Eddington ratio. However UHZ1’s M•/M* ratio is still some 1 dex higher than Trinity AGNs, indicating a discrepancy; (4) Trinity underpredicts the number densities of GN-z11 and CEERS_1019 analogues. But given the strong constraints from existing data in Trinity, the extra constraint from GN-z11 and CEERS_1019 does not significantly change trinity model results. (5) z = 6–10 quasar luminosity functions will reduce uncertainties in the trinity prediction of the z = 6–10 SMBH mass–galaxy mass relation by up to ∼0.5 dex. These luminosity functions will be available with future telescopes, such as Roman and Euclid.
Identification of multicomponent LOFAR sources with multimodal deep learning
Authors: Alegre Lara , Best Philip , Sabater Jose , Röttgering Huub , Hardcastle Martin J , Williams Wendy L 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Modern high-sensitivity radio telescopes are discovering an increased number of resolved sources with intricate radio structures and fainter radio emissions. These sources often present a challenge because source detectors might identify them as separate radio sources rather than components belonging to the same physically connected radio source. Currently, there are no reliable automatic methods to determine which radio components are single radio sources or part of multicomponent sources. We propose a deep-learning classifier to identify those sources that are part of a multicomponent system and require component association on data from the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey. We combine different types of input data using multimodal deep learning to extract spatial and local information about the radio source components: a convolutional neural network component that processes radio images is combined with a neural network component that uses parameters measured from the radio sources and their nearest neighbours. Our model retrieves 94 per cent of the sources with multiple components on a balanced test set with 2683 sources and achieves almost 97 per cent accuracy in the real imbalanced data (323 103 sources). The approach holds potential for integration into pipelines for automatic radio component association and cross-identification. Our work demonstrates how deep learning can be used to integrate different types of data and create an effective solution for managing modern radio surveys.
Updated picture of the active galactic nuclei with dusty/dust-free gas structures and effects of the radiation pressure
Authors: Mizukoshi Shoichiro , Minezaki Takeo , Sameshima Hiroaki , Kokubo Mitsuru , Noda Hirofumi , Kawamuro Taiki , Yamada Satoshi , Horiuchi Takashi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the properties of two gas structures of X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs), that is, dusty and dust-free gas components, by separating them with the line-of-sight dust extinction ($A_V$) and the neutral gas column density ($N_{\mathrm{H}}$). The typical column density of the dusty and dust-free gas differs depending on the Seyfert type, indicating that both structures have anisotropic column density distributions. The number of targets with the dusty gas column density ($N_{\mathrm{H,d}}$) of $\log N_{\mathrm{H,d}}\ [\mathrm{cm^{-2}}]\gt 23$ is much smaller than that with the same column density of the dust-free gas. This result indicates that the optically thick part of the dusty gas structure is very thin. There are very few targets with a larger Eddington ratio ($f_{\mathrm{Edd}}$) than the effective Eddington limit of the dusty gas and the covering factor of the dusty gas with $22\le \log N_{\mathrm{H,d}}\ [\mathrm{cm^{-2}}]\lt 24$ exhibits a clear drop at the effective Eddington limit. These results support the scenario wherein the covering factor of the dusty torus decreases in a high Eddington ratio owing to the radiation-driven dusty gas outflow. The covering factor of the dust-free gas with the column density ($N_{\mathrm{H,df}}$) of $22\le \log N_{\mathrm{H,df}}\ [\mathrm{cm^{-2}}]\lt 24$ similarly exhibits the decrease in high Eddington ratio, although it may be owing to the dust-free gas outflow driven by certain other mechanisms than the radiation pressure. Finally, we propose an updated picture of the AGN gas structure based on our results and the literature.
GTDrift: a resource for exploring the interplay between genetic drift, genomic and transcriptomic characteristics in eukaryotes
Authors: Bénitière Florian , Duret Laurent , Necsulea Anamaria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present GTDrift, a comprehensive data resource that enables explorations of genomic and transcriptomic characteristics alongside proxies of the intensity of genetic drift in individual species. This resource encompasses data for 1506 eukaryotic species, including 1413 animals and 93 green plants, and is organized in three components. The first two components contain approximations of the effective population size, which serve as indicators of the extent of random genetic drift within each species. In the first component, we meticulously investigated public databases to assemble data on life history traits such as longevity, adult body length and body mass for a set of 979 species. The second component includes estimations of the ratio between the rate of non-synonymous substitutions and the rate of synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) in protein-coding sequences for 1324 species. This ratio provides an estimate of the efficiency of natural selection in purging deleterious substitutions. Additionally, we present polymorphism-derived Ne estimates for 66 species. The third component encompasses various genomic and transcriptomic characteristics. With this component, we aim to facilitate comparative transcriptomics analyses across species, by providing easy-to-use processed data for more than 16 000 RNA-seq samples across 491 species. These data include intron-centered alternative splicing frequencies, gene expression levels and sequencing depth statistics for each species, obtained with a homogeneous analysis protocol. To enable cross-species comparisons, we provide orthology predictions for conserved single-copy genes based on BUSCO gene sets. To illustrate the possible uses of this database, we identify the most frequently used introns for each gene and we assess how the sequencing depth available for each species affects our power to identify major and minor splice variants.
Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection and Outcome of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Use: A Population-Based Assessment
Authors: Mehta Nirja , Goodenough Dana , Gupta Nitin K , Thomas Stepy , Mehta Christina , Prakash Radhika , Woodworth Michael H , Kraft Colleen S , Fridkin Scott K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). In the current study, we evaluated rates of rCDI and subsequent FMT in a large metropolitan area. We compared demographic and clinical differences in FMT recipients and nonrecipients and quantified differences in outcomes based on treatment modality.

Methods
A retrospective community-wide cohort study was conducted using surveillance data from the Georgia Emerging Infections Program, the Georgia Discharge Data System, and locally maintained lists of FMTs completed across multiple institutions to evaluate all episodes of C. difficile infection (CDI) in this region between 2016 and 2019. Cases were limited to patients with rCDI and ≥1 documented hospitalization. A propensity-matched cohort was created to compare rates of recurrence and mortality among matched patients based on FMT receipt.

Results
A total of 3038 (22%) of 13 852 patients with CDI had rCDI during this period. In a propensity-matched cohort, patients who received an FMT had lower rates of rCDI (odds ratio, 0.6 [95% confidence interval, .38–.96) and a lower mortality rate (0.26 [.08–.82]). Of patients with rCDI, only 6% had received FMT. Recipients were more likely to be young, white, and female and less likely to have renal disease, diabetes, or liver disease, though these chronic illnesses were associated with higher rates of rCDI.

Conclusions
These data suggest FMT has been underused in a population-based assessment and that FMT substantially reduced risk of recurrence and death.
Economic multilateralism 80 years after Bretton Woods
Authors: Obstfeld Maurice 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global economic institutions that grew from the Bretton Woods conference of 1944 aimed to create a cooperative policy environment conducive to recovery, development, continuing prosperity, social stability, and democracy. Prominent in the minds of the architects were the macroeconomic and trade policy coordination failures of the 1930s, which accompanied a world depression and the march towards the Second World War. The assumption of ‘embedded liberalism’ underlying Bretton Woods gave way to a much more market-oriented system by the early 1990s, fuelling strong growth in several large emerging markets and a period of hyperglobalization—but also social tensions in advanced economies. The result has been a changed geopolitical balance in the world as well as a backlash against aspects of globalization in many richer countries, notably the main sponsor of post-war international cooperation, the United States. At the same time, global cooperation is threatened despite the emergence of a broader range of shared global threats requiring joint action. The rich industrial countries that dominate the existing multilateral institutions should recognize them as being instrumental for channelling superpower competition into positive-sum outcomes that can also attract broad-based international support. However, leveraging those institutions will require buy-in from middle- and low-income countries, as well as from domestic political constituencies in advanced economies. The future of multilateralism depends on reconciling these potentially conflicting imperatives.
Liberal statecraft and the problems of world order
Authors: Ikenberry G John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
What is the future of the Western-led liberal international order? This paper makes four arguments. First, over the last two centuries, liberal democracies have pioneered a tradition of international order building, the essential impulse of which has been to create an environment—a sort of cooperative ecosystem—in which liberal states can manage interdependence, protect their values and interests, and aggregate capabilities to defend against threats and challenges to their global position and way of life. Second, liberal democracies have used institutions as tools and mechanisms to respond to dangers and opportunities in the global system, focused on the problems of anarchy, hierarchy, interdependence, liberal openness, and geopolitical vulnerability. Third, the most dramatic forms of liberal order building have occurred after major wars, when liberal democracies found themselves in war and geopolitical competition with rival and threatening illiberal great powers. Finally, liberal internationalism and the liberal project still have a future in that they offer cooperative solutions the core problems of twenty-first century world order.
A comprehensive study of an oscillating eclipsing Algol: Y Camelopardalis
Authors: Çelik Eda , Kahraman Aliçavuş Filiz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Y Camelopardalis (Y Cam) is classified as one of the oscillating eclipsing Algol (oEA) systems, which feature a $\delta$ Scuti-type pulsating component alongside mass transfer phenomena. oEA systems are invaluable for probing the evolutionary processes and internal structures of binary components, offering insights through their binary variations and oscillations. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of Y Cam utilizing high-quality photometric TESS data and high-resolution ELODIE spectra. Through our analysis, we examined the radial velocity variation, performed binary modeling, and calculated the effective temperature values of binary components. The fundamental stellar parameters, such as mass and radius, were determined with an accuracy of $\sim$2%–6%. Furthermore, we examined the orbital period variation to assess the amount of mass transfer using the available minima times of the system and three new minima times obtained from TESS light curves. Analyzing the pulsation structure of the system with the TESS data revealed the dominant pulsation period and amplitude of the pulsating component to be 0.066 d and 4.65 mmag, respectively. Notably, we observed frequency modulations with the orbital period’s frequency, along with variations in the amplitude of the highest amplitude frequency across different orbital phases. Remarkably, the amplitude reaches its peak at phases 0.5 and 1. These findings indicate a candidate for a tidally tilted pulsator. Consequently, we investigated the evolutionary status of the binary components using MESA binary evolution models, determining the age of the system to be 3.28 ± 0.09 Gyr.
Serpentinization as a Tape Recorder of (Dis)Continuous Mantle Exhumation along the Alpine Tethys Ocean-Continent-Transition
Authors: Hochscheid Flora , Ulrich Marc , Muñoz Manuel , Boulvais Philippe , Manatschal Gianreto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Serpentinization has been widely documented and investigated at mid-ocean ridges (MOR) and subduction zones. In contrast, at magma-poor rifted margins serpentinization has received much less attention, despite its importance in controlling rheology and mass fluxes during breakup and establishing of a steady-state MOR. In this study, we present new petrological and geochemical data on subcontinental exhumed serpentinized peridotites from the spectacularly exposed Platta, Tasna and Totalp nappes in the Eastern Central Alps in SE Switzerland, belonging to the Alpine Tethys Ocean Continent Transition (OCT). The results testify of a complex history of fluid–rock interactions recorded by several serpentinization events starting with lizardite mesh and bastite textures (S1), subsequently followed by a succession of serpentine-filling veins with distinct textures and serpentine polysomes that include spherical polyhedral serpentine (S2); chrysotile ± polygonal ± lizardite banded veins (S3); lamellar antigorite veins and patches (S4) and chrysotile crack-seal (S5). The serpentinization sequence differs at proximal (i.e. continentwards) and distal (i.e. oceanwards) domains of the OCT. At proximal domains of the OCT (Upper Platta, Tasna) serpentinites record the complete serpentinization sequence (S1 to S5), whereas at distal domains (Lower Platta) serpentinization is restricted to pseudomorphic mesh and bastite (S1) and chrysotile crack-seal (S5). We attribute this discrepancy to contrasted mechanisms of mantle exhumation along the OCT. While at proximal domains mantle is unroofed along continuous and single large offset detachment faults allowing for the formation of all serpentine generations, mantle exhumation at distal domains is a more discontinuous process, controlled by sequential out-of-sequence detachment and flip-flop faults preventing the full development of all serpentine generations. In this frame, the nature and order of formation of the serpentine polysomes are directly controlled by the conditions of serpentinization (i.e. temperature, mantle composition and fluid/rock ratio). We propose that this new conceptual model can be extrapolated to serpentinization at slow to ultra-slow MORs, where close similarities in the serpentinization sequences have been recently reported.
Evaluation of maize varieties via multivariate analysis: Roles of ionome, antioxidants, and autophagy in salt tolerance
Authors: Khan Rayyan , Gao Fei , Khan Kashif , Shah Muhammad Ali , Ahmad Haseeb , Fan Zhu Peng , Zhou Xun Bo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Salt stress presents a major obstacle to maize (Zea mays L.) production globally, impeding its growth and development. In this study, we aimed to identify salt-tolerant maize varieties through evaluation using multivariate analysis and shed light on the role of ionome, antioxidant capacity, and autophagy in salt tolerance. We investigated multiple growth indices, including shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, plant height, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, potassium and sodium contents, and potassium-to-sodium ratio, in 20 maize varieties at the V3 stage under salt stress (200 mm NaCl). The results showed significant differences in the growth indices, accompanied by a wide range in their coefficient of variation, suggesting their suitability for screening salt tolerance. Based on D values, clustering analysis categorized the 20 varieties into 4 distinct groups. TG88, KN20, and LR888 (group I) emerged as the most salt-tolerant varieties, while YD9, XD903, and LH151 (group IV) were identified as the most sensitive. TG88 showcased nutrient preservation and redistribution under salt stress, surpassing YD9. It maintained nitrogen and iron levels in roots, while YD9 experienced decreases. TG88 redistributed more nitrogen, zinc, and potassium to its leaves, outperforming YD9. TG88 preserved sulfur levels in both roots and leaves, unlike YD9. Additionally, TG88 demonstrated higher enzymatic antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) at both the enzyme and gene expression levels, upregulation of autophagy-related (ATG) genes (ZmATG6, ZmATG8a, and ZmATG10), and increased autophagic activity. Overall, this study offers insights into accurate maize varieties evaluation methods and the physiological mechanisms underlying salt tolerance and identifies promising materials for further research.
Botulinum Toxin Accessory Proteins: Are They Just an Accessory?
Authors: Avelar Rui 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Botulinum neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum consist of a complex of a core neurotoxin protein and one or more nontoxin accessory proteins. The accessory proteins are generally thought to protect the neurotoxin from the gastric environment in botulism poisoning, dissociating away upon absorption. Other than their questionable immunogenicity, they are rarely mentioned in botulinum toxin therapy.

OBJECTIVE
To review evidence that accessory proteins potentially play a role in neurotoxin activity.

RESULTS
Evidence suggests that the accessory proteins do not dissociate from the neurotoxin complex and enhance neurotoxin activity. Complexed type A botulinum toxin has dramatically higher endopeptidase activity than noncomplexed neurotoxin. A primary accessory protein, hemagglutinin-33, exhibits this same effect on both type A and type E core neurotoxin proteins, the latter not natively having this accessory protein. A clinical study using an objective computer assessment assay has shown a correlation between type A complex size and glabellar strain reduction, which reflects increasing clinical efficacy. Finally, a systematic review found no correlation between type A complex size and neutralizing antibody formation.

CONCLUSION
Accessory proteins may play a role in the efficacy of botulinum toxin and could remain complexed to the neurotoxin for longer than previously reported.
Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis identify potential therapeutic effects of berberine on colon cancer complicated with radiation enteritis
Authors: Yan Ziqiao , Yu Hongyang , Zhang Liangliang , Liao Zebin , Ge Xiangwei , Wang Yuguo , Tian Peiyu , Ni Zhexin , Dou Yongqi , Gao Yue 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) who undergo radiation therapy develop radiation enteritis (RE). The predictive value of RE in COAD is yet to be established. Berberine, an active compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Coptis chinensis, has notable anti-inflammatory properties and offers protection to the intestinal mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect and mechanism of berberine as a treatment for COAD complicated with RE (COAD&RE).

Methods:
Relevant genetic features of diverse COAD&RE populations were analyzed using bioinformatics and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The therapeutic targets of berberine were predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the core genes identified using molecular docking.

Results:
RE has a certain impact on the prognosis of COAD and berberine may play an important role in the treatment of COAD&RE. In addition, we identified five core therapeutic targets of berberine by network pharmacology and molecular docking: CCND1, MYC, AR, LEP, and CYP19A1. In vivo experiments showed that berberine increased short-term survival rate, body weight, and intestinal epithelial cell recovery in mice after radiation. In an in vitro study, berberine promoted the proliferation of human intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced the radiosensitivity of HT29 cells after radiation, and the relative mRNA expression levels of CCND1 and MYC closely correlated with these effects.

Conclusions:
This study predicted the potential therapeutic effects of berberine on COAD&RE and verified the relevant mechanisms, which may provide insights and suggestions for the clinical treatment of COAD&RE.