bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel neuropeptides in the ventral nerve cord ganglia and their targets in an annelid worm, Eisenia fetida
Authors: Herbert Zsófia , Pollák Edit , Zougman Alexandre , Boros Akos , Kapan Neval , Molnár László 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeriviscerokinins (PVKs) and pyrokinins (PKs) are neuropeptides known in several arthropod species. Sequence homology of these peptides with the molluscan small cardioactive peptides reveals that the occurrence of PVKs and PKs is not restricted to arthropods. Our study focuses on the biochemical and immunocytochemical identification of neuropeptides with sequence homology to PVKs and PKs in the central and peripheral nervous system of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. By means of affinity chromatography, nanoflow liquid chromatography, and high accuracy mass spectrometry, six peptides, SPFPR(L/I)amide, APFPR( L/I)amide, SPLPR( L/I)amide, SFVR( L/I)amide, AFVR( L/I)amide, and SPAFVR( L/I)amide, were identified in the central nervous system with the common‐XR( L/I)amide C‐terminal sequence. The exact anatomical position of 13 labeled XR( I/L)amide expressing neuron groups and numerous peptide‐containing fibers were determined by means of immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy in whole‐mount preparations of ventral nerve cord ganglia. The majority of the stained neurons were interneurons with processes joining the distinct fine‐fibered polysegmental tracts in the central neuropil. Some stained fibers were seen running in each segmental nerve that innervated metanephridia and body wall. Distinct groups of neurosecretory cells characterized by small round soma and short processes were also identified. Based on immunoelectron microscopy six different types of labeled cells were described showing morphological heterogeneity of earthworm peptides containing elements. Our findings confirm that the sequence of the identified earthworm neuropeptides homologous to the insect PVKs and PKs suggesting that these peptides are phylogenetically conservative molecules and are expressed in sister‐groups of animals such as annelids, mollusks, and insects. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:415–432, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of smoothed point interpolation methods for elastic mechanics
Authors: Chen L. , Nguyen‐Xuan H. , Nguyen‐Thoi T. , Zeng K. Y. , Wu S. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA generalized gradient smoothing technique and a smoothed bilinear form of Galerkin weak form have been recently proposed by Liu et al. to create a wide class of efficient smoothed point interpolation methods (PIMs) using the background mesh of triangular cells. In these methods, displacement fields are constructed by polynomial or radial basis shape functions and strains are smoothed over the smoothed domain associated with the nodes or the edges of the triangular cells. This paper summarizes and assesses bound property, convergence rate and computational efficiency for these methods. It is found that: (1) the incorporation of the PIMs with the node‐based strain smoothing operation allows us to obtain an upper bound to the exact solution in the strain energy; (2) the incorporation of the PIMs with the edge‐based strain smoothing operation using triangular background mesh can produce a solution of ‘ultra‐accuracy’ and ‘super‐convergence’; (3) the edge‐based strain smoothing operation together with the linear interpolation can provide better computational efficiency compared with other smoothed PIMs and the finite element method when the same triangular mesh is used. These conclusions have been examined and confirmed by intensive examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite macro‐element‐based volume grid deformation for large moving boundary problems
Authors: Ko Jin Hwan , Park Soo Hyung , Park Hoon Cheol , Byun Doyoung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFinite macro‐element‐based grid deformation has been developed to improve efficiency and robustness of a finite element‐based grid deformation. However, conventional stiffness determination based on distance between macro‐element and moving boundary is not sufficient for a large moving boundary with a solid deformation included. The Jacobian option that uses element size is applied and a first macro‐element layer (FML) is introduced based on the idea of solid‐extension mesh moving for a finite macro‐element model. Heave, pitch, chord flexure, and span flexure are employed for the verification of grid quality by using some sophisticated measures. Through the verification, the Jacobian option with FML improves the grid quality as compared with the conventional way, and its parameters can be chosen considering the grid quality near the moving boundary and the robustness of overall grid quality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evidence‐based iterative content trust algorithm for the credibility of online news
Authors: Zeng Guosun , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeople encounter more information than they can possibly use every day. But all information is not necessarily of equal value. In many cases, certain information appears to be better, or more trustworthy, than other information. And the challenge that most people then face is to judge which information is more credible. In this paper we propose a new problem calledCorroboration Trust, which studies how to find credible news events by seeking more than one source to verify information on a given topic. We design an evidence‐based corroboration trust algorithm calledTrustNewsFinder, which utilizes the relationships between news articles and related evidence information (person, location, time and keywords about the news). A news article is trustworthy if it provides many pieces of trustworthy evidence, and a piece of evidence is likely to be true if it is provided by many trustworthy news articles. Our experiments show thatTrustNewsFindersuccessfully finds true events among conflicting information and identifies trustworthy news better than the popular search engines. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Molecule Electroluminescence of a Phosphorescent Organometallic Complex
Authors: Sekiguchi Yasuhiro , Habuchi Satoshi , Vacha Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLighting one by one: The electroluminescence (EL) from single molecules of a red phosphorescent iridium complex dispersed in a hole‐transporting polymer matrix is studied. The single‐molecule EL dynamics is determined by local structural inhomogeneities in the matrix polymer (see picture).magnified image
Structural and photoluminescence properties of GaN/ZnO core‐shell nanowires with their shells sputtered
Authors: Kim Hyoun Woo , Kim Hyo Sung , Kebede Mesfin Abayneh , Na Han Gil , Yang Ju Chan , Lee Chongmu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe have reported the preparation of ZnO‐coated GaN nanowires and investigated changes in the structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties by the application of a thermal annealing process. For fabricating the core‐shell nanowires, Zn target was used to sputter ZnO shell onto GaN core nanowires. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the annealed core‐shell nanowires clearly exhibited the ZnO as well as GaN phase. The transmissoin electron microscopy (TEM) investigation suggested that annealing has induced the crystallization of ZnO shell layer. We have carried out Gaussian deconvolution analysis for the measured PL spectra, revealing that the core GaN nanowires exhibited broad emission which consist of red, yellow, blue, and ultraviolet peaks. ZnO‐sputtering induced new peaks in the green region. Thermal annealing reduced the relative intensity of the green emission. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement of physical properties of DyScO3 melt
Authors: Crnogorac N. , Wilke H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRare earth scandate crystals ReScO3 (Re=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) can be grown from the melt at temperatures of about 2100 °C. The needs of thermal insulation of the whole system are very high in order to reach the melting point and to control the thermal gradients which are required by the Czochralski (Cz) method. The consequence is that in‐vivo system observations are practically almost impossible or very hard to perform. Therefore numerical investigations using a mathematical model of the real system can be very helpful. However, numerical models need some physical properties of the considered real system (e.g. density, viscosity, thermal expansion coefficients, thermal conductivity). Most material properties of high melting oxides are not referenced in the literature or they are incomplete and inaccurate. Because the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative results of numerical simulations depend on the used physical properties, we performed corresponding measurements in an adapted Cz configuration at a temperature around the melting point of DyScO3 (2060 °C). The results are presented and discussed in this work. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid growth of KDP crystals in the coniform bottom device and their characterization
Authors: Teng Bing , Li Xiaobing , Wang Dongjuan , Zhong Degao , Wang Qingguo , Zhao Yanshuai , Yu Zhenghe , Chen Shaou 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe coniform bottom device was designed and used in the rapid growth process of KDP crystal. A seed support rack was also designed to be used in rapid growth of KDP crystal to avoid spontaneous nucleation on the interface of seed crystal and rack. The KDP crystals were fast grown at the growth rate of up to 25 mm/day. The optical scatter centers in KDP crystals were observed and their transmissions of different parts were measured. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7
Authors: Becker P. , Held P. , Liebertz J. , Bohatý L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRefractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7 were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr2MgGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7 both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr2ZnGe2O7 show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cover Picture: Physicochemical Characterization of Subporphyrazines—Lower Subphthalocyanine Homologues (ChemSusChem 4/2009)
Authors: Rahman G. M. Aminur , Lüders Daniela , Rodríguez‐Morgade M. Salomé , Caballero Esmeralda , Torres Tomás , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows how light is reflected onto the Chicago Bean's surface, modulating its appearance as a function of the solar radiation and the surroundings. Likewise, the curve‐shaped subporphyrazines collect sunlight, giving rise to amazing light‐induced phenomena, and their peripheral substitution produces striking effects on their luminescence properties. In their Full Paper on page 330, D. M. Guldi, T. Torres and co‐workers describe the physicochemical characterization of subporphyrazines.magnified image
Timing and duration of developmental nicotine exposure contribute to attenuation of the tadpole hypercapnic neuroventilatory response
Authors: Brundage Cord M. , Taylor Barbara E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe ability for air‐breathing vertebrates to adjust ventilation in response to increased CO2(hypercapnia) is fundamental to maintaining pH homeostasis. Developmental nicotine exposure has been shown to impair tadpole neuroventilatory responses to hypercapnia following 8–12 weeks of exposure. It is not clear, however, to what extent the timing of exposure during development and/or the duration over which the exposure takes place contribute to this impairment. Here, tadpoles were exposed to 30 μg/L of nicotine for 3‐ or 10‐week durations, either early or late in tadpole development. Correlates of tadpole lung neuroventilation were monitored during normocapnic (1.5% CO2) and hypercapnic (5% CO2) conditions of isolated brainstems. Preparations derived from early metamorphic tadpoles failed to increase lung neuroventilation in response to hypercapnia whether they had been exposed to nicotine for 3 or 10 weeks. Preparations derived from late metamorphic tadpoles failed to respond to hypercapnia after being exposed to nicotine for 10 weeks. These results suggest that both the developmental timing and duration of exposure are important when considering nicotine's effect on the hypercapnic neuroventilatory response. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Evaluation of composite electromagnetic wave absorber made of isolated Ni‐Zn ferrite or permalloy
Authors: Sakai Kenji , Hiraki Kiyohiro , Yoshikado Shinzo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt has been found that if a composite material consists of a magnetic material isolated in a dielectric medium, the relative complex permeability of the composite material does not obey Lichtenecker's law, which is well known to explain the relative complex permeability and permittivity of composite materials. This characteristic leads to the absorption of electromagnetic wave power at frequencies above 1 GHz. We proposed an isolation model to simulate the frequency dependence of the relative complex permeability and developed a composite electromagnetic wave absorber made of ferrite–SiO2 or a permalloy–polystyrene system in which magnetic materials are isolated. The mechanical milling method was employed to isolate the magnetic material in the dielectric medium. Ni‐Zn ferrite particles could be isolated in the SiO2 medium and the measured values of the relative complex permeability were close to those calculated from the isolation model. Consequently, this absorber could absorb electromagnetic wave power in the frequency range from 1 to 3 GHz. Permalloy particles were also isolated in a polystyrene resin medium. The absorber made of permalloy and polystyrene resin exhibited good absorption characteristics in the frequency range between 3 and 8 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(5): 14–22, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10045
Finding the correspondence of audiovisual events by object manipulation
Authors: Nishibori Kento , Takeuchi Yoshinori , Matsumoto Tetsuya , Kudo Hiroaki , Ohnishi Noboru 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA human being understands the objects in the environment by integrating information obtained by the senses of sight, hearing, and touch. In this integration, active manipulation of objects plays an important role. We propose a method for finding the correspondence of audiovisual events by manipulating an object. The method uses the general grouping rules in Gestalt psychology, that is, “simultaneity” and “similarity” among motion command, sound onsets, and motion of the object in images. In experiments, we used a microphone, a camera, and a robot which has a hand manipulator. The robot grasps an object like a bell and shakes it or grasps an object like a stick and beats a drum in a periodic, or nonperiodic motion. Then the object emits periodic/nonperiodic events. To create a more realistic scenario, we put another event source (a metronome) in the environment. As a result, we had a success rate of 73.8% in finding the correspondence between audiovisual events (afferent signal) which are related to robot motion (efferent signal). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(5): 1–13, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10087
Protection relaying scheme based on fault reactance operation type
Authors: Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe theories of operation of existing relays are roughly divided into two types: the current differential type based on Kirchhoff's first law and the impedance type based on Kirchhoff's second law. We can use Kirchhoff's laws to rigorously formulate fault phenomena, so the circuit equations are represented as nonlinear simultaneous equations whose variables are the fault point k and the fault resistance Rf. This method has two defects: (1) a heavy computational burden in iterative calculation by the N‐R method and (2) the relay operator cannot easily understand the principle of numerical matrix operation. The new protection relay principles proposed in this paper focus on the fact that the reactance component at the fault point is close to zero. The reactances Xf(S) and Xf(R) at the ends of the branch are calculated by solution of linear equations. If the signs of Xf(S) and Xf(R) are not the same, it can be inferred that the fault point is located in the branch. This reactance Xf corresponds to the difference in branch reactance between the actual fault point and an imaginary fault point. Thus, the relay engineer can understand the fault location in terms of the concept of “distance.” Simulation results using this new method indicate that it can provide much more precise estimation of fault locations than those obtained by inspection of operating transmission lines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(1): 29–40, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20720
A 6.6‐kV transformerless STATCOM based on a five‐level diode‐clamped converter. Experiments using a three‐phase laboratory model rated at 200 V and 10 kVA
Authors: Kondo Yosuke , Fujita Hideaki , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses a 6.6‐kV transformerless STATCOM intended for installation on industrial and utility distribution systems in the near future. In addition, this paper provides experimental results obtained from a laboratory model rate at 200 V and 10 kVA. The authors propose such a control method as to superimpose a sixth harmonic zero‐sequence component on each of three‐phase voltage references. This helps to stabilize the voltage of the inner midpoint in the DC link. As a result, the laboratory model installs two bidirectional buck‐boost choppers on the DC link for the purpose of stabilizing the voltages of two outer midpoints. Experimental results obtained from the laboratory model verify the validity of the system design, giving promise of the viability of the 6.6‐kV transformerless STATCOM. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(2): 60–68, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20733
Elucidation of DC magnetic deviation in converter transformers used for a self‐commutated BTB system during single‐line‐to‐ground faults
Authors: Hagiwara Makoto , Viet Pham Phuong , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with a 50‐MW self‐commutated BTB (Back‐To‐Back) system intended for power flow control between transmission networks. It focuses on the dynamic behavior of the BTB system during single‐line‐to‐ground (SLG) faults. During an SLG fault, a DC magnetic deviation appears in the converter transformers used for the BTB system just after the occurrence and restoration of the fault. It is indispensable to understand the magnitude of the deviation, because it may bring about magnetic saturation as well as subjecting the transformers to a large magnetizing current. This paper derives theoretical equations related to the deviation during the SLG fault. The theoretical analysis developed in this paper may make significant contributions to designing the transformers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(2): 48–59, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20805
Improvement of heating characteristics of molybdenum silicide thin film electric heaters
Authors: Ito Yuki , Sato Masashi , Wakisaka Kenichi , Yoshikado Shinzo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMolybdenum silicide (MoSi2) has an electrical conductivity as high as that of a metal, and greater chemical stability than that of, for example, SiC, in various atmospheres. Therefore, many kinds of MoSi2 bulk‐type heaters are used in practical operations up to 1800°C, which is higher than the temperature of SiC heaters. However, MoSi2 is fragile at room temperature and has low creep resistance at high temperature. The purpose of this study is to fabricate heaters using thin films of MoSi2 deposited on alumina substrates and crucibles by RF magnetron sputtering and to evaluate their characteristics. MoSi2 thin film was deposited on the outside of an alumina crucible without heating the substrate and then Pt wire was attached using a Pt paste with sintering in a vacuum. This MoSi2 thin film heater showed almost linear resistance–temperature (R–T) characteristics and a uniform heating state. It also showed good controllability of voltage and stability in the power–T characteristics for operations up to 1000°C. However, at a heating temperature of 1300°C, the heating area of MoSi2 thin film decreased because of the reaction between Pt and MoSi2 in the case of long‐term heating. Thus, Mo thin film was deposited as a buffer layer between Pt and MoSi2 thin film to prevent such a reaction. This thin film heater showed good linear R–T characteristics up to 1200°C. However, the temperature coefficient of resistance changed with repeated heating operation as a result of the diffusion of Mo atoms into MoSi2. Thus, a thin film heater was fabricated with Mo3Si, having a higher Mo content than MoSi2. This heater showed a low degree of diffusion of Mo or Pt atoms into the thin film and had excellent practical characteristics up to 1000°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(2): 11–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20806
Principle and application of ball SAW devices
Authors: Yamanaka Kazushi , Nakaso Noritaka , Fukiura Takeshi , Youn Sim Dong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA thin beam of waves usually diverges due to diffraction, which is a limitation of any device using such waves. However, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) on a sphere with an appropriate aperture does not diverge but is collimated, realizing ultra‐multiple roundtrips along an equator of the sphere. This effect is caused by the balance between diffraction and focusing on a spherical surface, and it enables realization of high‐performance ball SAW sensors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(1): 41–51, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20817
Application of linear induction motor for tension supply and heating to thin sheet steel
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Fujisaki Keisuke 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA linear induction motor to be able to achieve induction heating and tension in thin steel sheet treatment process is researched. The major problems in the application of the linear induction motor are meandering of thin steel sheet by the electromagnetic force in the normal direction, the heating characteristic, and the evaluation of the thrust force as a tension. As a result of the investigation of the frequency characteristic by means of electromagnetic FEM calculation, it is confirmed that the electromagnetic force in the normal direction which consists of repelling force caused by the magnetization and repulsive force caused by Lorentz force becomes almost zero at the crossover frequency. In this frequency, the temperature of the steel sheet at the front and back have almost the same distribution. Since the tension value converted from the thrust force is about 10% of experiment equipment, the linear induction motor is also useful for the auxiliary function of the tension roll. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(2): 38–47, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20845