bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductases and hybrid cluster proteins of Desulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough to survival under oxygen and nitrite stress
Authors: Yurkiw Marcy A. , Voordouw Johanna , Voordouw Gerrit 
Published: August 2012

SummaryA genomic island (GEI) of the sulfate‐reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, found to be able to migrate between two tRNA‐Met loci of the genome, contains genes for rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase‐1 (roo1) and hybrid cluster protein‐1 (hcp1) with additional copies for these genes (roo2 and hcp2) being found elsewhere on the chromosome. A suite of mutants was created in which roo2 and/or hcp2 and/or the GEI were either present or missing. The GEI and roo2 increased survival under microaerobic conditions and allowed growth in closer proximity to the air–water interface of soft agar tubes, two properties which appeared to be closely linked. When Hcp2+ GEI+ or Hcp2− GEI+ cells, harbouring cytochrome c nitrite reductase (NrfHA) and growing on lactate and sulfate, were amended with 10 mM nitrite at mid‐log phase (8–10 mM sulfide), all nitrite was reduced within 30 h with a rate of 3.0 mmol (g biomass)−1 h−1 after which sulfate reduction resumed. However, Hcp2+ GEI− or Hcp2− GEI− cells were unable to use lactate, causing sulfide to be used as electron donor for nitrite reduction at a sixfold lower rate. Complementation studies indicated that hcp1, not roo1, enhanced the rate of nitrite reduction under these conditions. Hcp2 enhanced the rate of nitrite reduction when, in addition to lactate, hydrogen was also present as an electron donor. These results indicate a critical role of Hcps in alleviating nitrite stress in D. vulgaris Hildenborough by maintaining the integrity of electron transport chains from lactate or H2 to NrfHA through removal of reactive nitrogen species. It thus appears that the GEI contributes considerably to the fitness of the organism, allowing improved growth in microaerobic environments found in sulfide–oxygen gradients and in environments, containing both sulfide and nitrite, through the action of Roo1 and Hcp1 respectively.
Fungi, bacteria and soil pH: the oxalate–carbonate pathway as a model for metabolic interaction
Authors: Martin Gaëtan , Guggiari Matteo , Bravo Daniel , Zopfi Jakob , Cailleau Guillaume , Aragno Michel , Job Daniel , Verrecchia Eric , Junier Pilar 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe oxalate–carbonate pathway involves the oxidation of calcium oxalate to low‐magnesium calcite and represents a potential long‐term terrestrial sink for atmospheric CO
2. In this pathway, bacterial oxalate degradation is associated with a strong local alkalinization and subsequent carbonate precipitation. In order to test whether this process occurs in soil, the role of bacteria, fungi and calcium oxalate amendments was studied using microcosms. In a model system with sterile soil amended with laboratory cultures of oxalotrophic bacteria and fungi, the addition of calcium oxalate induced a distinct pH shift and led to the final precipitation of calcite. However, the simultaneous presence of bacteria and fungi was essential to drive this pH shift. Growth of both oxalotrophic bacteria and fungi was confirmed by qPCR on the frc (oxalotrophic bacteria) and 16S rRNA genes, and the quantification of ergosterol (active fungal biomass) respectively. The experiment was replicated in microcosms with non‐sterilized soil. In this case, the bacterial and fungal contribution to oxalate degradation was evaluated by treatments with specific biocides (cycloheximide and bronopol). Results showed that the autochthonous microflora oxidized calcium oxalate and induced a significant soil alkalinization. Moreover, data confirmed the results from the model soil showing that bacteria are essentially responsible for the pH shift, but require the presence of fungi for their oxalotrophic activity. The combined results highlight that the interaction between bacteria and fungi is essential to drive metabolic processes in complex environments such as soil.
Weight change with liraglutide and comparator therapies: an analysis of seven phase 3 trials from the liraglutide diabetes development programme
Authors: Niswender K. , Pi‐Sunyer X. , Buse J. , Jensen K. H. , Toft A. D. , Russell‐Jones D. , Zinman B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimWe investigated the relationship between weight change and related factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with liraglutide versus comparator diabetes therapies.MethodsTwenty‐six‐week data from seven phase 3, randomized trials in the liraglutide T2DM development programme were analysed by trial and treatment group: liraglutide (1.2 and 1.8 mg), active comparator and placebo. Outcome measures included proportions of subjects in various weight change categories and their percentage weight change from baseline; impact of body mass index (BMI) and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) on weight change and correlation of weight change with change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c).ResultsA number of subjects experienced >5% weight loss during the trials (24.4% liraglutide 1.8 mg and 17.7% liraglutide 1.2 mg; 17.7% exenatide, 10.0% sitagliptin, 3.6−7.0% sulphonylurea, 2.6% thiazolidinedione and 2.6% glargine; 9.9% placebo). More weight loss was seen with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg than with active comparators except exenatide. Across trials, higher initial BMI was associated with slightly greater weight loss with liraglutide. Mean weight loss increased slightly the longer GI AEs persisted. Although HbA1c reduction was slightly larger in higher weight loss categories across treatments (including placebo), sample sizes were small and no clear correlation could be determined. Liraglutide‐treated subjects experienced additional HbA1c reduction beyond that which appeared weight induced; thus, not all HbA1c‐lowering effect appears weight mediated.ConclusionsThe majority of liraglutide‐treated T2DM subjects experienced weight loss in this analysis. Weight loss was greater and occurred more in glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist‐treated subjects than in active comparator‐treated subjects.
Treatment persistence, hypoglycaemia and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas: a primary care database analysis
Authors: Rathmann W. , Kostev K. , Gruenberger J. B. , Dworak M. , Bader G. , Giani G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimsTo investigate therapy persistence, frequency of hypoglycaemia and macrovascular outcomes among type 2 diabetes patients with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors (DPP‐4) and sulphonylureas (SU).MethodsData from 19 184 DPP‐4 (mean age: 64 years; 56% males) and 31 110 SU users (69 years; 51%) with new prescriptions (index date), without additional antidiabetics except metformin, in 1201 general practises in Germany were analysed. Therapy discontinuation (prescription gap >90 days), hypoglycaemia [International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10)] and macrovascular outcomes (ICD‐10) (2‐year follow‐up) were compared adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, metformin, previous hypoglycaemia, health insurance, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, antihypertensives, lipid‐lowering and antithrombotic drugs, microvascular complications and Charlson co‐morbidity score using logistic or Cox regression models.ResultsTwo years after index date, DDP‐4 (non‐persistence: 39%) were associated with a lower risk of discontinuation compared to SU (49%) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.76]. Hypoglycaemias (≥1) were documented in 0.18% patients with DPP‐4 and in 1.00% with SU [odds ratio (OR): 0.21; 95%CI: 0.08–0.57]. Hypoglycaemias were significantly associated with incident macrovascular complications (HR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2). Risk of macrovascular events was 26% lower in DPP‐4 than in SU users.ConclusionsLack of persistence with antidiabetic therapy is frequently found in primary care patients. DPP‐4 was associated with lower therapy discontinuation and a fivefold reduced frequency of patients with hypoglycaemia compared to SU. The low absolute numbers of hypoglycaemias are most likely due to the fact that only severe events were documented. DPP‐4 treatment was associated with reduced incidence of macrovascular events relative to SU in type 2 diabetes patients in primary care practises.
Effects of Interactive Real‐Time Simulations and Humanoid Avatars on Consumers’ Responses in Online House Products Marketing
Authors: Mahdjoubi Lamine , Hao Koh Jing , Moobela Cletus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInteractive product presentation techniques have recently gained importance in online marketing of house products. Real‐time simulation offers a high level interactive presentation with more powerful features to present product functions and variations. This article presents a novel computational approach for engaging and supporting consumers in making informed choices about purchasing house products. It involved the development and testing of an online interactive real‐time simulation for house product marketing (the Virtual House Showroom‐VHS). This model also included optional humanoid avatars, representing a virtual buyer–seller experience. The research assessed the effectiveness of the VHS on consumers’ cognitive and affective responses. In particular, it examined whether consumers’ responses to real‐time simulation with a humanoid avatar are significantly different from their responses to the model without the avatar. Participants (n = 110) were organized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 56) evaluated VHS without the humanoid avatar and group 2 (n = 54) appraised the model with the avatar. The results confirmed that interactive online real‐time simulation technologies without the avatar have significant effects on consumers’ cognitive learning, affect, and behavior. However, it was found that the humanoid avatar had no significant effect on respondents’ decision‐making. Further research was suggested to improve the usability of real‐time simulation in the marketing of house products.
The Persistent Significance of Jurisdiction*
Authors: KYRITSIS DIMITRIOS 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAccording to Joseph Raz's sources thesis, the existence and content of authoritative directives must be identifiable by resort to the social fact of their provenance from a de facto authority, without regard to any of the normative considerations that the authority in question is supposed to rely on in its judgment. This article argues that the sources thesis fails to account for the role of jurisdictional considerations (namely, considerations about the scope of a de facto authority's power) in the identification of valid law. It examines a legal system with a legislature and courts and a practice of constitutional review of legislation by the courts for its conformity with fundamental rights and argues that the special normative status of (at least some) authoritative directives in this legal system depends on respect for jurisdiction. An assessment of whether an authority has stayed intra vires involves recourse to the normative considerations that it is the authority's job to weigh up. This criticism of the sources thesis highlights the importance of incorporating jurisdiction into our philosophical accounts of legal authority.
The Paradox of the Moral Irrelevance of the Government and the Law: A Critique of Carlos Nino's Approach
Authors: CIANCIARDO JUAN 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSome authors have speculated about the fact that if the law were connected to morality, then it would not be relevant, because morality would be enough to regulate social life. A study of this objection to the connection thesis will be outlined in this paper. In other words, the possible answers to the question about the practical difference that law gives to morality will be analyzed. The work of the Argentine philosopher Carlos Nino will be taken as the starting point for this task.
Mapping Collaboration in Open Source Geospatial Ecosystem
Authors: Shao Jianhua , Kuk George , Anand Suchith , Morley Jeremy G. , Jackson Mike J. , Mitchell Tyler 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOver the last decade, there has been a tremendous growth and exploitation of open source geospatial software and technologies. A combination of factors is driving this momentum, including the contributions made by hundreds of developers and the leading role played by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo), aiming primarily to support and promote the collaborative development of open source geospatial technologies and data. This article seeks to map out the social history of collaborative activities within the OSGeo ecosystem. We used the archival logs of developers' contributions, specifically looking for boundary spanning activities where contributions crossed multiple projects. The analysis and visualization of these activities allow us to have a better understanding of the role of boundary spanning in the resourcing of each project, the incubation mechanism advocated by OSGeo, and the significance of the social interrelatedness among projects. The data consisted of the subversion (SVN) commit history made by individual developers in the programming code repository. We applied several network analytical and visualization techniques to explore the data. Our findings indicate that more than one in seven developers spanned multiple projects which potentially had the effects of shaping the projects' directions, and increased knowledge flow and innovation. In addition, the OSGeo's incubation mechanism provided an important encouragement for boundary spanning and increased knowledge sharing. By studying the social history of contributions, further tools can be developed in future to assist tracking of the social history, and make developers mindful of the significance of the interdependence among projects and hence continuously contribute to the health of the OSGeo ecosystem.
‘You Can See Your Face in My Floor’: Examining the Function of Cleanliness in an Adult Male Prison
Authors: Sloan Jennifer 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this article, consideration is given to the concept of cleanliness and tidiness from the perspective of the masculine prisoner. Themes related to processes of maintaining, and perceptions of, cleanliness emerged, related to the self, personal space, and the cleanliness of others. Running through these were overarching elements of control, differentiation and processes of normalisation, which can be seen to relate concepts of cleanliness directly to the negotiation of the adult male prisoner's gendered identity, implying that keeping clean and tidy relates directly to individuals’ senses of masculine self and perceptions of others.
Emollients are more than sensory ingredients: the case of Isostearyl Isostearate
Authors: Dederen J. C. , Chavan B. , Rawlings A. V. 
Published: August 2012

SynopsisIn order to understand the skin benefits of emollient oil ingredients in topical skin moisturizers, one single highly popular in vivo method (corneometry), even when executed to perfection, does not suffice. A systematical exploration using a combination of bioengineering techniques shows how a previously unaccounted for mechanism of moisturization by internal occlusion was discovered. As a result, Isostearyl Isostearate turns out to be a highly functional moisturizer when several methodologies are used.
The use of the Solihull Approach with children with complex neurodevelopmental difficulties and sleep problems: a case study
Authors: Williams Laura , Newell Reetta 
Published: August 2012

Accessible summary
A lot of children have trouble sleeping, especially children with disabilities.
Sometimes sleeping does not get better with advice about behaviour or medicine alone.
We helped a mother, who has a little girl with problems sleeping, to think about her worries and their relationship, before offering advice.
People can use the same steps to help other children who are not sleeping well. We think it might even work for problems like not eating and not doing as you are told.
SummaryThe following article introduces the Solihull Approach, a structured framework for intervention work with families (Douglas, Solihull resource pack; the first five years. Cambridge: Jill Rogers Associates, 2001) and aims to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach in working with school‐age children with complex neurodevelopmental difficulties in a community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) setting. More specifically, it aims to show the efficacy of this approach in intervening with sleep problems, which are prevalent amongst children with learning disabilities. The authors hope to achieve these aims through the use of the qualitative case study method, which allows for a rich account of the intervention and therefore facilitates a detailed understanding of the psychological phenomena and processes involved in the approach (Dallos & Smith, Clin Psychol Forum 2008; 182, 18). The three theoretical concepts central to the Solihull Approach – containment, reciprocity and behaviour management – are used to describe the intervention, which resulted in a positive outcome. Implications for clinical practice and future research directions are discussed.
Examining students' future time perspective: Pathways to knowledge building1
Authors: HILPERT JONATHAN C. , HUSMAN JENEFER , STUMP GLENDA S. , KIM WONSIK , CHUNG WEN‐TING , DUGGAN MARY ANNE 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the internal structure of the domain‐general and context‐specific components of future time perspective (FTP) and to provide support for a top‐down structure of FTP theory. The participants included 546 engineering students from a large university in the southwest of the USA. The students responded to the Future Time Perspective Scale, the Perceptions of Instrumentality Scale, and the Student Perceptions of Classroom Knowledge‐building Scale. Analyses present evidence for: (a) the structural fidelity of student responses to the respective theoretical constructs, and (b) the top down, domain‐general to context‐sensitive relation between FTP variables and student learning behavior. The results also indicate that students' use of knowledge building strategies may be influenced by both domain‐general aspects of FTP and the perceived endogenous instrumentality of coursework. Implications include support for use of valid FTP measures and the recognition of the relation between FTP and value of present school activities.
Psychiatric and cognitive phenotype of childhood myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: DOUNIOL MARIE , JACQUETTE AURÉLIA , COHEN DAVID , BODEAU NICOLAS , RACHIDI LINDA , ANGEARD NATHALIE , CUISSET JEAN‐MARIE , VALLÉE LOUIS , EYMARD BRUNO , PLAZA MONIQUE , HÉRON DELPHINE , GUILÉ JEAN‐MARC 
Published: August 2012

Aim  To investigate the psychiatric and cognitive phenotype in young individuals with the childhood form of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).Method  Twenty‐eight individuals (15 females, 13 males) with childhood DM1 (mean age 17y, SD 4.6, range 7–24y) were assessed using standardized instruments and cognitive testing of general intelligence, visual attention, and visual–spatial construction abilities.Results  Nineteen patients had repeated a school grade. The mean (SD) Full‐scale IQ was 73.6 (17.5) and mean Verbal IQ was significantly higher than the mean Performance IQ: 80.2 (19.22) versus 72.95 (15.58), p=0.01. Fifteen patients had one or more diagnoses on the DSM‐IV axis 1, including internalizing disorders (phobia, n=7; mood disorder, n=6; other anxiety disorders, n=5) and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder, inattentive subtype (n=8). Twelve out of 22 patients had alexithymia (inability to express feelings with words and to recognize and share emotional states). Cognitive testing found severe impairments in visual attention and visual–spatial construction abilities in four out of 18, and 14 out of 24 patients respectively. No diagnosis was correlated with the transmitting parent’s sex or with cytosine–thymine–guanine (CTG) repeat numbers. Patients with severe visual–spatial construction disabilities had a significantly longer CTG expansion size than those with normal visual–spatial abilities (p=0.04).Interpretation  Children and adolescents with childhood DM1 have frequent diagnoses on DSM‐IV axis 1, with internalizing disorders being the most common type of disorder. They also have borderline low intelligence and frequent impairments in attention and visual–spatial construction abilities.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐3 in the central nervous system: a look on the bright side
Authors: Van Hove Inge , Lemmens Kim , Van de Velde Sarah , Verslegers Mieke , Moons Lieve 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteases involved in many cell‐matrix and cell‐cell signalling processes through activation, inactivation or release of extracellular matrix (ECM) and non‐ECM molecules, such as growth factors and receptors. Uncontrolled MMP activities underlie the pathophysiology of many disorders. Also matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) or stromelysin‐1 contributes to several pathologies, such as cancer, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, and has also been associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. However, based on defined MMP spatiotemporal expression patterns, the identification of novel candidate molecular targets and in vitro and in vivo studies, a beneficial role for MMPs in CNS physiology and recovery is emerging. The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the recently identified roles of MMP‐3 in normal brain development and in plasticity and regeneration after CNS injury and disease. As such, MMP‐3 is correlated with neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth and guidance in the developing CNS and contributes to synaptic plasticity and learning in the adult CNS. Moreover, a strict spatiotemporal MMP‐3 up‐regulation in the injured or diseased CNS might support remyelination and neuroprotection, as well as genesis and migration of stem cells in the damaged brain.
Expression of A1 adenosine receptors in the developing avian retina: in vivo modulation by A2A receptors and endogenous adenosine
Authors: Brito Rafael , Pereira Mariana Rodrigues , Paes‐de‐Carvalho Roberto , Calaza Karin da Costa 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLittle is known about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of adenosine receptors during CNS development. We demonstrate here that retinas from chick embryos injected in ovo with selective adenosine receptor ligands show changes in A1 receptor expression after 48 h. Exposure to A1 agonist N6‐cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) or antagonist 8‐Cyclopentyl‐1, 3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) reduced or increased, respectively, A1 receptor protein and [3H]DPCPX binding, but together, CHA+DPCPX had no effect. Interestingly, treatment with A2A agonist 3‐[4‐[2‐[[6‐amino‐9‐[(2R,3R,4S,5S)‐5‐(ethylcarbamoyl)‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐oxolan‐2‐yl]purin‐2‐yl]amino] ethyl]phenyl] propanoic acid (CGS21680) increased A1 receptor protein and [3H]DPCPX binding, and reduced A2A receptors. The A2A antagonists 7‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐5‐amino‐2‐(2‐furyl)‐pyrazolo‐[4,3‐e]‐1,2,4‐trizolo[1,5‐c] pyrimidine (SCH58261) and 4‐(2‐[7‐amino‐2‐[2‐furyl][1,2,4]triazolo[2,3‐a][1,3,5]triazo‐5‐yl‐amino]ethyl)phenol (ZM241385) had opposite effects on A1 receptor expression. Exposure to CGS21680 + CHA did not change A1 receptor levels, whereas CHA + ZM241385 or CGS21680 + DPCPX had no synergic effect. The blockade of adenosine transporter with S‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)‐6‐thioinosine (NBMPR) also reduced [3H]DPCPX binding, an effect blocked by DPCPX, but not enhanced by ZM241385. [3H]DPCPX binding kinetics showed that treatment with CHA reduced and CGS21680 increased the Bmax, but did not affect Kd values. CHA, DPCPX, CGS21680, and ZM241385 had no effect on A1 receptor mRNA. These data demonstrated an in vivo regulation of A1 receptor expression by endogenous adenosine or long‐term treatment with A1 and A2A receptors modulators.