bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACCOUNTING FOR BETWEEN‐STUDY VARIATION IN INCREMENTAL NET BENEFIT IN VALUE OF INFORMATION METHODOLOGY
Authors: Willan Andrew R. , Eckermann Simon 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPrevious applications of value of information methods for determining optimal sample size in randomized clinical trials have assumed no between‐study variation in mean incremental net benefit. By adopting a hierarchical model, we provide a solution for determining optimal sample size with this assumption relaxed. The solution is illustrated with two examples from the literature. Expected net gain increases with increasing between‐study variation, reflecting the increased uncertainty in incremental net benefit and reduced extent to which data are borrowed from previous evidence. Hence, a trial can become optimal where current evidence is sufficient assuming no between‐study variation. However, despite the expected net gain increasing, the optimal sample size in the illustrated examples is relatively insensitive to the amount of between‐study variation. Further percentage losses in expected net gain were small even when choosing sample sizes that reflected widely different between‐study variation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral robotic surgery: Role in the management of upper aerodigestive tract tumors
Authors: Genden Eric M. , O'Malley Bert W. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Stucken Chaz L. , Selber Jesse C. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Hockstein Neil G. , Ozer Enver , Mallet Yann , Satava Richard M. , Moore Eric J. , Silver Carl E. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe toxicity associated with concomitant chemoradiation for the management of laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinoma has been well documented. Minimally invasive surgical techniques offer the potential to extirpate the malignancy as a single‐modality therapy and provide essential information that may direct subsequent treatment. In selected patients, radiation doses may be reduced and systemic chemotherapy may be withheld after tumor extirpation. Transoral laser microsurgery has proven effective, although inability to manipulate and suture tissue by this modality limits ablation and reconstruction of extensive defects. Transoral robotic surgery is a relatively new technique that provides several unique advantages, which include a 3‐dimensional magnified view, ability to see and work around curves or angles, and the availability of 2 or 3 robotic arms that can be used to reconstruct extensive defects using either local, regional, or free flaps. Preliminary data suggest that transoral robotic surgery may provide a technique for ablation and reconstruction of pharyngeal defects that may be superior to other transoral techniques. It may also provide a means for personalizing therapy for oropharyngeal and supraglottic carcinoma. Head Neck, 2011
Association between severity of dysphagia and survival in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Shune Samantha E. , Karnell Lucy Hynds , Karnell Michael P. , Van Daele Douglas J. , Funk Gerry F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined risk factors for dysphagia, a common and serious condition in patients with head and neck cancer, and the association between severity of dysphagia and survival.MethodsChart reviews were performed on patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer between January 2001 and April 2003, who had dysphagia diagnoses or swallowing evaluations. Regression analyses determined factors associated with dysphagia and the association between observed survival and severity of dysphagia.ResultsAlmost 50% of the 407 patients had dysphagia. Risk factors included advanced stage, older age, female sex, and hypopharyngeal tumors. The most severe dysphagia ([L.] nil per os or “nothing by mouth” status), which was associated with lower survival rates, was the strongest independent predictor of survival.ConclusionsSwallowing problems should be considered when determining appropriate cancer‐directed treatment and posttreatment care. Because of dysphagia's high incidence rate and association with survival, a speech‐language pathologist should be involved to ensure routine diagnostic and therapeutic swallowing interventions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Genetic profile of second primary tumors and recurrences in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Gutiérrez Virginia Franco , Marcos César Álvarez , Llorente José Luis , Guervós Marta Alonso , Iglesias Francisco Domínguez , Tamargo Luis Argüelles , Hermsen Mario 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundSecond primary tumors and recurrences are an important problem in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic changes in tumor samples to improve knowledge of tumor progression.MethodsCopy number changes of 37 genes were analyzed by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in 36 primary tumors and their corresponding 21 second primary tumors and 15 recurrences.ResultsCCND1 and EMS1 amplifications and gain of BCL2L1 were the most common genetic alterations in the primary tumor, second primary tumor, and recurrence samples. Gains of ERBB2 and PTPN1 were associated with recurrences.ConclusionSpecific genetic profiles for each group have been found. Similarities between primary tumor and second primary tumor and dissimilarity between primary tumor and recurrence suggest that clinicopathological criteria do not always accurately differentiate these entities. Genetic profiling may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of these difficult cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Significance of molecular markers in survival prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Ki–Yeol , Li ShengJin , Cha Jeong–Dan , Zhang Xianglan , Cha In–Ho 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundAn accurate system for predicting the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) will be useful for deciding appropriate therapies. The prediction accuracy of prediction models can be improved by using molecular biomarkers. We constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of patients with OSCC using clinical variables and molecular markers.MethodsProtein 53 (p53), insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and HuR were localized immunohistochemistry in 96 patients with primary OSCC who underwent surgical resection between January 1994 and June 2003 at the Yonsei Dental Hospital in Seoul, Korea.ResultsOn univariate and multivariate analysis, the expression of IMP3 was significantly associated with the risk of death. P53 was also significantly associated with survival of OSCC in the case of negative IMP3 and the prediction accuracy was improved by including these 2 factors in the prediction model.ConclusionSurvival in OSCC can be predicted more accurately by using biomarkers. The constructed nomogram predicted survival after treatment for an individual patient with OSCC, and it can be practically used as a tool to help decide which adjuvant treatment is most appropriate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Numerical investigation on the use of nanofluids in natural convection heat exchangers using a mixture‐phase approach
Authors: Tahery Amir Asgary , Zehforoosh Aydin , Pesteei S. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the present research, the behavior of a Newtonian nanofluid (water–Al2O3) in a mixture phase model approach is numerically examined. The process of heating is done in two different ways. Deterioration was found in the mean Nusselt number of a nanofluid in the mixture‐phase model approach when compared to the mean Nusselt number of pure water. However, in the single‐phase model there was an increase in the Nusselt number when compared to the Nusselt number of pure water. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20383
An analysis of change in alpine annual maximum discharges: implications for the selection of design discharges
Authors: Castellarin Attilio , Pistocchi Alberto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of 17 long annual maximum series (AMS) of flood flows for Swiss Alpine basins, aimed at checking the presence of changes in the frequency regime of annual maxima. We apply Pettitt's change point test, the nonparametric sign test and Sen's test on trends. We also apply a parametric goodness‐of‐fit test for assessing the suitability of distributions estimated on the basis of annual maxima collected up to a certain year for describing the frequency regime of later observations. For a number of series the tests yield consistent indications for significant changes in the frequency regime of annual maxima and increasing trends in the intensity of annual maximum discharges. In most cases, these changes cannot be explained by anthropogenic causes only (e.g. streamflow regulation, construction of dams). Instead, we observe a statistically significant relationship between the year of change and the elevation of the catchment outlet. This evidence is consistent with the findings of recent studies that explain increasing discharges in alpine catchments with an increase in the temperature controlling the portion of mountain catchments above the freezing point. Finally, we analyse the differences in return periods (RPs) estimated for a given flood flow on the basis of recent and past observations. For a large number of the study AMS, we observe that, on average, the 100‐year flood for past observations corresponds to a RP of approximately 10 to 30 years on the basis of more recent observation. From a complementary perspective, we also notice that estimated RP‐year flood (i.e. flood quantile (FQ) associated with RP) increases on average by approximately 20% for the study area, irrespectively of the RP. Practical implications of the observed changes are illustrated and discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic carbon fluxes from the upper Yangtze basin: an example of the Longchuanjiang River, China
Authors: Lu X. X. , Li Siyue , He Min , Zhou Yue , Li Li , Ziegler Alan D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo investigate the effects of anthropogenic activity, namely, land use change and reservoir construction, on particulate organic carbon (POC) transport, we collected monthly water samples during September 2007 to August 2009 from the Longchuanjiang River to understand seasonal variations in the concentrations of organic carbon species and their sources and the yield of organic and inorganic carbon from the catchment in the Upper Yangtze basin. The contents of riverine POC, total organic carbon and total suspended sediment (TSS) changed synchronously with water discharge, whereas the contents of dissolved organic carbon had a small variation. The POC concentration in the suspended sediment decreased non‐linearly with increasing TSS concentration. Higher molar C/N ratio of particulate organic matter (average 77) revealed that POC was dominated by terrestrially derived organic matter in the high flows and urban wastewaters in the low flows. The TSS transported by this river was 2.7 × 105 t/yr in 2008. The specific fluxes of total organic carbon and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were 5.6 and 6 t/km2/yr, respectively, with more than 90% in the high flow period. A high carbon yield in the catchment of the upper Yangtze was due to human‐induced land use alterations and urban wastes. Consistent with most rivers in the monsoon climate regions, the dissolved organic carbon–POC ratio of the export flux was low (0.41). Twenty‐two percent (0.9 t/km2/yr) of POC out of 4 t/km2/yr was from autochthonous production and 78% (3.1 t/km2/yr) from allochthonous production. The annual sediment load and hence the organic carbon flux have been affected by environmental alterations of physical, chemical and hydrological conditions in the past 50 years, demonstrating the impacts of human disturbances on the global and local carbon cycling. Finally, we addressed that organic carbon flux should be reassessed using adequate samples (i.e. at least two times in low‐flow month, four times in high‐flow month and one time per day during the flood period), daily water discharge and sediment loads and appropriate estimate method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a thresholds approach for real‐time flash flood prediction in complex geomorphological river basins
Authors: Kourgialas Nektarios N. , Karatzas George P. , Nikolaidis Nikolaos P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFlash floods represent one of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters worldwide. The hydrological analysis of a flash flood event contributes in the understanding of the runoff creation process. This study presents the analysis of some flash flood events that took place in a complex geomorphological Mediterranean River basin. The objective of the present work is to develop the thresholds for a real‐time flash flood forecasting model in a complex geomorphological watershed, based on high‐frequency data from strategically located hydrological and meteorological telemetric stations. These stations provide hourly real‐time data which were used to determine hydrological and meteorological parameters. The main characteristics of various hydrographs specified in this study were the runoff coefficients, lag time, time to peak, and the maximum potential retention. The estimation of these hydrometeorological parameters provides the necessary information in order to successfully manage flash floods events. Especially, the time to peak is the most significant hydrological parameter that affects the response time of an oncoming flash flood event. A study of the above parameters is essential for the specification of thresholds which are related to the geomorphological characteristics of the river basin, the rainfall accumulation of an event, the rainfall intensity, the threshold runoff through karstic area, the season during which the rainfall takes place and the time intervals between the rainstorms that affect the soil moisture conditions. All these factors are combined into a real‐time‐threshold flash flood prediction model. Historical flash flood events at the downstream are also used for the validation of the model. An application of the proposed model is presented for the Koiliaris River basin in Crete, Greece. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological processes in the different landscape zones of alpine cold regions in the wet season, combining isotopic and hydrochemical tracers
Authors: Yang Yonggang , Xiao Honglang , Wei Yongping , Zhao Liangju , Zou Songbing , Yang Qiu , Yin Zhenliang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractStudies on hydrological processes are often emphasized in resource and environmental studies. This paper identifies the hydrological processes in different landscape zones during the wet season based on the isotopic and hydrochemical analysis of glacier, snow, frozen soil, groundwater and other water sources in the headwater catchment of alpine cold regions. Hydrochemical tracers indicated that the chemical compositions of the water are typically characterized by: (1) CaHCO3 type in glacier snow zone, (2) MgCaSO4 type for surface runoff and CaMgHCO3 type for groundwater in alpine desert zone, (3) CaMgSO4 type for surface water and CaMgHCO3 type for groundwater in alpine shrub zone, and (4) CaNaSO4 type in surface runoff in the alpine grassland zone. The End‐Members Mixing Analysis (EMMA) was employed for hydrograph separation. The results showed that the Mafengou River in the wet season was mainly recharged by groundwater in alpine cold desert zones and shrub zones (52%), which came from the infiltration and transformation of precipitation, thawed frozen soil water and glacier‐snow meltwater. Surface runoff in the glacier‐snow zone accounted for 11%, surface runoff in alpine cold desert zones and alpine shrub meadow zones accounted for 20%, thawed frozen soil water in alpine grassland zones accounted for 9% of recharge and precipitation directly into the river channel (8%). This study suggested that the whole catchment precipitation did not produce significant surface runoff directly, but mostly transformed into groundwater or interflow, and finally arrived in the river channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Runoff evolution in the Swiss Alps: projections for selected high‐alpine catchments based on ENSEMBLES scenarios
Authors: Farinotti Daniel , Usselmann Stephanie , Huss Matthias , Bauder Andreas , Funk Martin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Alps are often referred to as the ‘water tower of Europe’. In Switzerland, many branches of the economy, especially the hydropower industry, are closely linked to and dependent on the availability of water. Assessing the impact of climate change on streamflow runoff is, thus, of great interest. Major efforts have already been made in this respect, but the analyses often focus on individual catchments and are difficult to intercompare. In this article, we analysed nine high‐alpine catchments spread over the Swiss Alps, selected for their relevance to a wide range of morphological characteristics. Runoff projections were carried out until the end of the current century by applying the Glacier Evolution Runoff Model (GERM) and climate scenarios generated in the framework of the ENSEMBLES project. We focused on assessing the uncertainty induced by the unknown climate evolution and provided general, statistically based statements, which should be useful as a ‘rule of thumb’ for analyses addressing questions related to water management. Catchments with a high degree of glacierization will undergo the largest changes. General statements about absolute variations in discharge are unreliable, but an overall pattern, with an initial phase of increased annual discharge, followed by a phase with decreasing discharge, is recognizable for all catchments with a significant degree of glacierization. In these catchments, a transition from glacial and glacio‐nival regime types to nival will occur. The timing of maximal annual runoff is projected to occur before 2050 in all basins. The time of year with maximal daily discharges is expected to occur earlier at a rate of 4·4 ± 1·7 days per decade. Compared to its present level, the contribution of snow‐ and icemelt to annual discharge is projected to drop by 15 to 25% until the year 2100. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ways to improve water governance
Authors: Dukhovny Viktor A. , Ziganshina Dinara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGiven the growing destabilizing factors (climate change demographic growth financial instability desertification) the water supply for future development of our planet will become even more an issue. In order to guarantee access to water for different countries regions and individuals it is necessary to elaborate and adopt for governance in general a body of legal financial institutional and economic tools and mechanisms that would become an indisputable set of rules as a kind of Bible for modern humankind and as a way to survive. Water governance should prevent any attempt to use water as a means of political or economic pressure or as a good like oil transformed into the subject of profiteering. Water is a holy thing and we all must take care of and save it so that everyone might have access to water in adequate quantity and quality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
MODEL‐BASED ASSESSMENT OF LAND USE IMPACTS ON RUNOFF AND INUNDATION CAUSED BY FLOOD EVENTS
Authors: Quast Joachim , Messal Hilmar , Ehlert Volker , Sbjeschni André , Schmidt Walter 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAfter extreme river flood events, the role of agricultural land use and its contribution to flood risks are often the subject of controversial discussion. The possibilities and potential of mitigating flood risks using non‐structural measures within the agricultural sector were investigated for both runoff formation zones and inundation zones. Based on infiltration and erosion models, the development of runoff formation and erosion‐caused matter loads was assessed for schematised surfaces under different rainfall conditions and different farming practices. These schematised model approaches enabled a more distinct understanding of impact reactions and processes than can be achieved by using complex river basin models. The results show the range, potential, and limits of agricultural practices and land use in terms of runoff generation and flood water levels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radio frequency glow discharge‐induced acidification of fluoropolymers
Authors: Krawczyk Benjamin M. , Baltrusaitis Jonas , Yoder Colin M. , Vargo Terrence G. , Bowden Ned B. , Kader Khalid N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFluoropolymer surfaces are unique in view of the fact that they are quite inert, have low surface energies, and possess high thermal stabilities. Attempts to modify fluoropolymer surfaces have met with difficulties in that it is difficult to control the modification to maintain bulk characteristics of the polymer. In a previously described method, the replacement of a small fraction of surface fluorine by acid groups through radio frequency glow discharge created a surface with unexpected reactivity allowing for attachment of proteins in their active states. The present study demonstrates that 1‐ethyl‐3‐[3‐dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) reacts with the acid groups on fluoropolymer surfaces in a novel reaction not previously described. This reaction yields an excellent leaving group in which a primary amine on proteins can substitute to form a covalent bond between a protein and these surfaces. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that collagen IV could be deposited on a modified PTFE surface using EDC as a linker. Once collagen IV is attached to the surface, it assembles to form a functional stratum resembling collagen IV in native basement membrane. In this study, we show data suggesting that the fluorine to carbon ratio determines the acidity of the fluoropolymer surfaces and how well collagen IV attaches to and assembles on four different fluoropolymer surfaces. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
In vitro evaluation of 45S5 Bioglass®‐derived glass‐ceramic scaffolds coated with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Meng Decheng , Rath Subha Narayan , Mordan Nichola , Salih Vehid , Kneser Ulrich , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHighly porous (>90% porosity) 45S5 Bioglass®‐derived glass‐ceramic scaffolds were fabricated by foam replication method, and coated with carbon nanotubes (CNT) (coating thickness: 1 μm) using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). In vitro cell culture using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was carried out on both scaffold systems (with and without CNT coating) over a 4‐week period. By using AlamarBlue™, BSA and alkaline phosphatase assays; the cell viability and differentiation were measured quantitatively measured and compared between the two scaffold types. The results showed that both scaffold systems are biocompatible with MSCs and they can support the cellular activity. No cytotoxic effects of CNT were observed under the conditions of the present experiments. Although a lower initial cell viability on the CNT‐coated scaffolds was observed, no significant differences were found after 4 weeks of culture compared with the uncoated scaffolds. This work therefore shows that there is in principle no significant improvement of cellular responses by creating a CNT‐coating on this type of highly bioactive scaffolds. However, the electrical conductivity introduced by the coating might have the potential to increase cell viability and differentiation when cell culture is carried out under the effect of electrical stimulation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.