bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipoprotein(a) identifies cardiovascular risk in childhood: The Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Cunningham Teresa E , Sayers Susan M , Singh Gurmeet R 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  To describe the lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a) )profile and its relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in Australian Aboriginal children.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study within a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Darwin Health Region (Northern Territory, Australia). Subjects were Aboriginal children born between 1987 and 1990 who were re‐examined between 1998 and 2001. Outcome measures were cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoB, apoA1, apoA1/B ratio, anthropometric measures, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, maternal smoking and nutrition.Results:  At a mean age of 11.4 years, results showed that high concentrations of Lp(a) were significantly related to well‐known lipid‐based CVD risk factors for both boys and girls, and that only one anthropometric factor, height, was significant for girls. Non‐genetic factors and maternal smoking were not found to be significant contributors to Lp(a) concentrations.Conclusions:  Lp(a) should be considered as a more effective marker of CVD than anthropometric measures, and children from families with a history of premature CVD should be regularly screened for this factor.
Histologic transformation in extranodal non‐hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Aozasa Katsuyuki , Ikeda Hiroshi , Masaki Norie , Shigematsu Yasushi 
Published: January 2011

Histologic transformation in the course of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has been reported to occur in 18 to 30% of the cases. Less favorable prognosis in cases with initial low grade malignancy followed by emergence of high grade malignancy has been previously described. In the previous literature, the histologic transformation has been examined mostly in nodal NHL. In the present study, histologic transformation in the course was investigated on 20 cases with early extranodal NHL. All these 20 cases were diffuse lymphomas, and were composed of 7 cases with low grade malignancy and 13 cases with high grade malignancy. Histologic transformation was not observed in any of these cases. These findings indicate that the frequency of histologic transformation is much lower in extranodal NHL than in nodal NHL. The prognostic significance of these findings is also discussed.Acta pathol. jpn. 34: 767∼774, 1984.
Moebius syndrome associated with pituitary dwarfism and hypoplastic optic disc
Authors: HASHIMOTO NOBUKO , SAKAKIHARA YOICHI , MIKI YUKO , KAGAWA JIRO , EGI SHINZO , KAMOSHITA SHIGEHIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 17 year old male patient with Moebius syndrome with pituitary dwarfism and unilateral hypoplastic optic disc is presented. Although there have been several reports of an association of Moebius syndrome and pituitary dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency has not been reported previously. These associations may give some insight into the pathogenesis of Moebius syndrome.
Thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness
Authors: AKINCI AYŞEHAN , TEZİÇ TAHSIN , ERTÜRK GÜLYÜZ , TARIM ÖMER , DALVA KLARA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study introduces a patient who has thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPKase) enzyme deficiency associated with diabetes mellitus, sensorineural deafness and thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed when she was 20 months old. After 1 year, macrocytic anemia developed and the thiamine therapy was started at 75 mg/day. During the follow‐up, the insulin requirement decreased and even ceased, and macrocytic anemia improved with thiamine treatment. After thiamine therapy was ceased an increase in insulin requirement was observed and macrocytic anemia developed again.
Varicella infection complicated with meningitis after immunization
Authors: NARUSE HIROSHI , MIWATA HIROYUKI , OZAKI TAKAO , ASANO YOSHIZO , NAMAZUE JUNKO , YAMANISHI KOICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA healthy 45 month old boy who had received varicella vaccine 21 months previously developed aseptic meningitis along with an episode of varicella. The presence of viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Southern blot hybridization confirmed the relationship between the symptoms and the CSF pleocytosis. This is the first reported case of this complication of varicella meningitis occurring in a child with documented immunization and seroconversion.
Current issues in Kawasaki disease
Authors: KATO HIROHISA , HARA TOSHIRO , INOUE OSAMU , SATO NOBORU , AKAGI TEIJI , SUGIMURA TETSU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe most important clinical aspect of Kawasaki disease is the cardiovascular problems. This article reports on the cardiovascular spectrum in acute Kawasaki disease, analysis of myocardial infarction and fatal cases, a follow‐up study on the natural history of coronary artery lesions, long‐term cardiovascular problems including premature atherosclerosis, problems in the adult cardiology and the treatment of acute Kawasaki disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are still unknown. Current hypotheses and leading studies on the etiology and the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease are also reviewed.
Well‐developed infant with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy associated with EEG burst suppression and subcortical leukohypodensity on CT scan
Authors: ISUGAMA SEIICH , OKAZAKI MINORU , NAKANISHI YOUKO , ITO FUMIYUKI , ETO YOSHIKATSU , MAEKAWA KIHEI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the prediction of neurological sequelae after hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the newborn, the electroencephalogram (EEG) burst suppression pattern (BS) and subcortical leukomalacia can mean grave neurodevelopmental problems will develop.This study presents an infant with HIE associated with BS and subcortical leukohypodensity (SLH) on computed tomography scan. At first her neurodevelopmental outcome was considered poor, but unexpectedly she showed good development in 32 months follow‐up. The findings of BS and SLH do not always result in a poor neurodevelopmental outcome, if the subsequent clinical state and EEG return to normal at an early stage.
Neonatal candidiasis associated with meningitis and endophthalmitis
Authors: CHEN JIA‐YUH 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFrom January 1991 to March 1993, a total of 11 infants with positive blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or stool cultures of Candida albicans were found in the nursery or neonatal intensive care unit of the Chung Shan Medical and Dental College Hospital. Clinical features including respiratory deterioration, poor activity, abdominal distension and/or apnea were noted. Indwelling peripheral venous catheters had been used in all patients to provide parenteral nutrition and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy and six infants had received intravenous fat emulsions. Prolonged endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation had been used in eight infants. Six infants (54.5%) had meningitis, five infants (45.5%) had endophthalmitis, and two infants (18.2%) had arthritis. All 11 infants received intravenous amphotericin B therapy, and the concurrent oral administration of 5‐fluorocytosine was used in the six infants with meningitis. Three infants died later. Since meningitis was recognized in 54.5% patients and endophthalmitis was recognized in 45.5% patients with systemic candidiasis, the author recommends that culture and analysis of CSF along with indirect ophthalmoscopy should be performed on all infants suspected of having systemic candidiasis.
New interpretation and management of dry lung syndrome: A case report
Authors: SAKAI TAKEO , IGARASHI YUTAKA , AIBA SATORU , KUBA YASURO , ASANUMA AKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA premature female infant with life‐threatening respiratory distress which was diagnosed as ‘dry lung syndrome’ is reported. The mother had 4 weeks of large volume leakage of the amniotic fluid due to premature rupture of the fetal membranes (PROM) at 23 weeks' gestation. The infant was bom after 27 weeks' gestation (birthweight, 1016 g) and was suffering severe respiratory distress. Although a chest radiogram and gastric juice microbubble test did not prove the possibility of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), very high ventilator settings did not improve her respiratory disorders. Considering the infant's deteriorating respiratory status and the prolonged leakage of the amniotic fluid, we suspected the presence of pulmonary hypoplasia. Although an attempt at high frequency oscillation (HFO) to rescue this infant had no effect, intratracheal instillation of epinephrine (EP) showed dramatic improvement of her respiratory status. This clinical course showed that the patient did not have pulmonary hypoplasia but might have severe airway obstruction and this airway obstruction may be the major cause of ‘dry lung syndrome’.We postulate that when a newborn with suspected pulmonary hypoplasia is unresponsive to respiratory support, HFO should be administered. If HFO is ineffective in relieving the respiratory distress, one should suspect the presence of airway collapse and administer a bronchodilator such as EP. If the infant improves, a diagnosis of ‘dry lung syndrome’ may be assumed.
Breast feeding: Overview and breast milk immunology
Authors: HANSON LARS Å , HAHN‐ZORIC MIRJANA , BERNDES MAJA , ASHRAF RIFAT , HERIAS VERONICA , JALIL FEHMIDA , BHUTTA TARIQ IQBAL , LAEEQ AKMAL , MATTSBY‐BALTZER INGER 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe transfer of host defence capacity to the human offspring provides a remarkable model of passive transfer of immunity. In fact it may also provide an example of active immunization.The transfer of mucosal protection via breast feeding offers many additional advantages for the mother and infant. Through its contraceptive effects it increases the spacing between births, thus diminishing the infant mortality and the burden on the mother. It also enhances bonding between mother and child, it seems to increase the IQ and school result of the infant and might decrease the risk of certain malignancies and perhaps of juvenile diabetes.A fully breast‐fed infant receives as much as 0.5‐1 g of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies daily, the predominant antibody of human milk. This can be compared to the production of some 2.5 g of SIgA per day for a 60 kg adult. These SIgA antibodies have been shown to protect against Vibrio cholerae, ETEC, Campylobacter, Shigella and Giardia. Furthermore, milk is rich in receptor analogues for certain epithelial structures which microbes need for attachment to host tissues as an initial step in infections. Thus the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci for example to retropharyngeal cells is efficiently inhibited by human milk. This may be one explanation for the fact that breast‐fed babies have less otitis media than the non‐breast‐fed.Other milk factors like lysozyme and lactoferin may contribute to the host defence, but this has not yet been well defined.However, human milk also supports the well‐being of the infant by being anti‐inflammatory. The predominant SIgA antibodies and the receptor analogues prevent microbes from getting into contact with host tissues causing tissue inflammation via inflammatogenic immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies and activated T lymphocytes. Rather, milk proteins like lactoferrin can inhibit the production of inflammatogenic cytokines like interleukin‐6 from intestinal epithelium and monocytes/macrophages. Breast feeding enhances vaccine responses in the infant. This may occur via immunostimulation effects via anti‐antibodies present in the milk.Human milk truly provides an unequalled mixture of factors supportive of the health of the infants. Many factors may still remain to be discovered.
Transient low level of IgG3 induced by sepsis
Authors: TABATA NOBUTADA , AZUMA EIICHI , MASUDA SHIN‐ICHI , IDO MASARU , SAKURAI MINORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus sepsis developed in a 14 year old girl. Immunological evaluation revealed low level of IgG3, although total IgG level was normal. The level of IgG3 increased gradually along with the recovery from sepsis. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy might have been useful in this patient, even though the total immunoglobulin level was within normal limits.
Occurrence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in a patient with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
Authors: INADA SHIGEYASU , SHIDA KAORU , MOURI YOSHIMOTO , SAKAI RYOU , KOGA HIROYUKI , MIYAZAKI SUMIO , OKAMURA JUN , ANAMI KENICHI , EGUCHI MITSUOKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe a case of a 15 year old boy who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) while receiving treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) for idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD). He was diagnosed as having idiopathic GHD and given hGH from December 1991. The examination of his peripheral blood showed mild pancytopenia 2 months before the start of the hGH therapy. Since January 1992, paleness of the skin, general fatigue and fervescence progressed gradually. In February 1992, because of the occurrence of acute leukemia, administration of hGH was discontinued. Judging from the results of surface marker analysis of the blast cells, the patient was diagnosed as having AMKL. He was treated with chemotherapy for acute non‐lymphoblastic leukemia from March 1992. A complete remission was obtained after 4 weeks of treatment. The chemotherapy was completed in July 1993. He remains in complete remission 26 months after diagnosis.This case suggests the importance of hematological examination and, when there is any abnormality which is not caused by GHD, such as pancytopenia, more detailed medical examinations (for example bone marrow examination) are necessary.
Analysis of child abuse cases admitted in pediatric service in Japan II. Backgrounds of child abuse in non‐low birth‐weight infants
Authors: TANIMURA MASAKO , MATSUI ICHIRO , KOBAYASHI NOBORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChild abuse of 126 non‐low birth‐weight (non‐LBW) cases reported front pediatric clinics of major hospitals in Japan in 1986 were examined. Compared to LBW infants abused children's medical problems were few (25.4%) but the presence of step‐parents and a history of rearing outside the home were evident (41.3%).The abuse of a child with medical problems by real parents showed similar characteristics to abuse of LBW, occurring at 0–1 and 4 years and two types of abuser's problems were apparent; one problem was the lack of child rearing ability and the other was the inability to cope with the stress involved in child rearing. In abuse of a child by step‐parents, most abusers expressed emotional problems with their abused children. Child abuse by a real parent following a period of non‐home care occurred soon after the child returned home, and abusers complained that the abused child did not take to its real parents. Abuse of a child without medical problems by real parents occurred at or around birth and indicated a poor ability to rear a child due to parental problems or low tolerance to cope with child rearing. Abuse both of a child and siblings by real parents implied a deficiency of understanding and inability in child rearing due to parental problems that may have resulted in abuse of the children at 0–1 year.It seems that two processes are critical in non‐LBW child abuse as well as LBW child abuse. Namely, an inability of parents to raise children and an inability to cope with the problem of their children, especially as a result of communication problems. It is important to detect risk factors for disturbing parent‐child communication at an early stage and attempt to improve it.
Effect of calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on cerebral blood flow in postasphyxial newborn piglets
Authors: IMAI TADASHI , KONDO MASATOSHI , KUSAKA TAKASHI , SUGIHARA SATORU , ISOBE KENICHI , ITOH SUSUMU , ONISHI SHOJU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn experiment was carried out in nine piglets within 24 h after birth (control group: four, nicardipine group: five) for the purpose of evaluating the effects of a calcium antagonist, nicardipine, on cerebral blood flow changes induced by asphyxia neonatorum. Under respiratory control with a mechanical ventilator, the animals were exposed to hypoxia. The inspiratory oxygen level was lowered at 15 min intervals from 0.08 to 0.06 and then to 0.05. When bradycardia (heart rate: 60/min or less) was observed, 100% oxygen, adrenaline, and sodium bicarbonate were administered for resuscitation. Nicardipine was administered at a dosage of 10μg/kg via bolus injection 30 min after the resuscitation. It was administered thereafter at a rate of 10μg/kg per h. The cerebral blood flow was measured using a laser Doppler velocimeter. The cerebral blood flow, electroencephalograph (EEG), blood pressure, and heart rate were continuously measured for 120min after the resuscitation. In the control group, the mean arterial pressure 35 min after the resuscitation was 60 mmHg or more. However, the cerebral blood flow was lower than the prehypoxia value in the animals with a mean arterial pressure of 75mmHg or less. In the nicardipine group, the mean arterial pressure was lower, but the cerebral blood flow was higher than the prehypoxia value and cerebral ischemia was not induced. The mean arterial pressure 120 min after the resuscitation was 72.0 ± 8.2 mmHg in the control group, while it was 56.7 ± 7.5 mmHg in the nicardipine group. It was significantly lower in the latter. The cerebral blood flow as compared to that before the initiation of exposure to hypoxia (this being considered 100) was 83.1 ± 22.0% in the control group, while it was 125.1 ± 26.2% in the nicardipine group. It was significantly higher in the latter. A suppression burst‐like abnormal EEG finding occurred in two of four animals from the control group and was noted in one of five animals from the nicardipine group.In the nicardipine group, the mean arterial pressure was lowered, but a decrease in the cerebral blood flow after asphyxia was totally prevented and the incidence of EEG abnormality was low. It seems possible that this drug protects the brain from asphyxia‐induced changes.
Abnormal cardiac histology in severe intrauterine growth retardation infants
Authors: TAKAHASHI NAOTO , NISHIDA HIROSHI , ARAI TOSHIHIKO , KANEDA YOSHIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFour infants with severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) weighing less than 1000 g at birth developed heart failure and died in our unit, where heart failure of IUGR infants is the main reason of death in extremely low birth‐weight infants. The causes of their heart failure are one of the main themes in current neonatal medicine. The subjects of this study were four small for gestational age infants; all died due to heart failure 5 to 10 days after birth. Microscopic specimens of hearts from autopsies were evaluated with respect to the following characteristics: thickness of myocardial fibers, maturation of nuclei, presence of dysgenesis or necrosis in myocardium, and amount of glycogen in the heart. Neither dysgenesis nor infarction of the heart was found but hypoplasia in myocardial fibers and decreased glycogen levels were observed. Maturation delay in myocytes' nuclei did not appear to be severe. We conclude that these infants' hearts failed to adapt to postnatal hemodynamic changes because of inadequate myocardial function and inadequate glycogen reserves.
Acute rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis caused by T serotype 12 Streptococcus
Authors: IMANAKA HIROYUKI , ETO SUGURU , TAKEI SYUJI , YOSHINAGA MASAO , HOKONOHARA MASASHI , MIYATA KOICHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a rare case of a 10 year old Japanese boy with acute rheumatic fever accompanied with poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis. We isolated group A Streptococcus serotype T 12, a strain that was thought to be nephritogenic but not rheumatogenic, from throat culture. Although rare, physicians should be aware that acute renal disease may accompany rheumatic fever.
Cardiac sequelae of Kawasaki disease in Japan over 10 years
Authors: HIROSE KENJI , NAKAMURA YOSIKAZU , YANAGAWA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo observe the secular trend of a proportion of Kawasaki disease patients with cardiac sequelae in Japan, we analyzed patients with Kawasaki disease reported to nationwide surveys of the disease during 10.5 years from July 1982 to December 1992. Of 69 382 patients reported to the surveys, 10 596 (15.3%) were reported to have cardiac sequelae such as dilatation or stenosis of coronary arteries, myocardial infarction or valvar lesions, 1 month or more after onset. The percentage of cardiac sequelae was particularly high in males, infants younger than 1 year and children older than 5 years of age. The overall prevalence declined steadily over the observed period. However, the percentage for children older than 5 years of age did not decrease, whether treated with intravenous gamma globulin or untreated. As a consequence of the increased number of patients treated with intravenous gamma globulin, the proportion of Kawasaki disease patients with cardiac sequelae decreased annually. However, the proportion of children older than 5 years of age did not decrease.
Optimal dosage and differences in therapeutic efficacy of IGIV in Kawasaki disease
Authors: ONOUCHI ZENSHIRO , YANAGISAWA MASAYOSHI , HIRAYAMA TSUNEO , KIYOSAWA NOBUYUKI , MATSUDA HIROSHI , NAKASHIMA MITSUYOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn an initial study, three groups of patients with Kawasaki disease received either aspirin alone or alkylated immunoglobulin G intravenous preparation (IGIV) 200 mg/kg daily x3 days + aspirin, or 400 mg/kg alkylated IGIV daily x3 days + aspirin. In a second study, three groups of patients were treated with either 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of native IGIV in combination with aspirin daily for 5 days.While the regimen of 200 mg/kg native IGIV daily x 5 days was found to be effective, the incidence of coronary artery lesions (CAL) was even less on a regimen of 400 mg/kg daily x 5 days. It is therefore suggested that a better therapeutic effect can be achieved with a 400 mg/kg dose of native IGIV.Based on the results from these two studies, it is assumed that native IGIV is more effective in inhibiting CAL formation and persistence than the chemically modified preparation in which the biological activity of the Fc region in the immunoglobulin G molecule is altered.
A case report of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: SAITOH AKIHIKO , OHYA TATSUO , YOSHIDA SHIGEHIKO , HOSOYA RYOHTA , NISHIMURA KOZO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe encountered an 8 year old boy who suffered from Stevens‐Johnson syndrome with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. He had multiple erythema with vesicles in oral mucosa, and on his palms and feet, trunk and genital regions. We treated him with prednisolone (1 mg/kg per day) and antibiotics. His skin lesions improved dramatically, and a persistent fever and toxic general condition also showed dramatic improvement.Although the use of corticosteroids for Stevens‐Johnson syndrome has recently been controversial, we thought that administration of corticosteroids was an effective treatment for some selective cases of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome. The patient reported in this study had many beneficial effects in response to corticosteroid treatment.