bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onchocerca fasciata: histochemical demonstration of succinate and NADH dehydrogenase
Authors: Omar M.S. , Raoof A.M.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe activities of selected enzymes of the respiratory chain system in Onchocerca fasciata (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) have been investigated histochemically. Thus, the localization and distributions of NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) (EC 1.3.99.1) and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) were investigated in various tissues of the adult female worm by employing MTT, Nitro BT (dehydrogenases) and DAB (cytochrome oxidase). Different tissues varied considerably in their enzymatic activities. The hypodermis and reproductive tissues showed strong and identical localization of NADH and SDH dehydrogenase activities reflecting high metabolic rates. Little or no dehydrogenase activities were observed in the intestine and cuticle. In contrast to the two dehyrogenases, no activity was observed for cytochrome oxidase in any of the tissues in adult or embryonic stages of the worm. The significance of these results with respect to the energy metabolism of the worm is discussed. It is suggested that O. fasciata lacks a classical, mammalian-type respiratory pathway and that oxidative phosphorylation is of no importance as an energy generating pathway in this essentially anaerobic parasite.
Optimum concentrations of essential components for the development of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in vitro
Authors: Hata H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThird-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus costaricensis were cultured to young adult stages in Waymouth's chemically defined medium MB 752/l, which comprises higher concentrations of the essential components histidine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan, choline chloride and glucose than various other chemically defined media. The present study has shown that choline chloride and tryptophan are required at relatively higher concentrations for worm development than those of the other essential components.
Ultrastructure of the alimentary tract of third-stage larvae of Litomosoides carinii
Authors: Ogbogu V.C. , Storey D.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe ultrastructural morphology of the alimentary tract of the third-stage larvae of Litomosoides carinii (Nematoda: Filarioidea) is described. The oesophagus possesses the characteristic tri-radiate lumen and is lined by cuticle. The lumen of the oesophagus is tightly occluded anteriorly by particulate material and posteriorly at the oesophagointestinal junction. Three glands are present in the glandular region, one dorsal and two subventral. These glands contain secretory granules with similar morphological and staining properties. The lumen of the intestine is ill-defined without microvilli and apparently non-functional. It is likely that the larvae feed via the transcuticular route.
Immunocharacterization ofTaenia soliumoncosphere and metacestode antigens
Authors: Garcia-Allan C. , Martínez N. , Flisser A. , Aluja A. , Allan J.C. , Craig P.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA partial immunocharacterization of oncosphere and metacestode antigens ofTaenia soliumwas carried out and compared to antigens from other taeniid species. The results indicated thatT. soliummetacestode antigen contained epitopes cross reactive with rabbit anti-sera to adult and oncospheral stages of the parasite. Oncospheres, however, consisted largely of stage specific antigens. Western blot analysis indicated thatT. soliumandT. pisiformisshared several oncospheral antigens; however, this was not the case withT. soliumandT. hydatigena. Western blot analysis showed a time-related increase in the number of molecules recognized by antibodies toT. soliumoncosphere and metacestode antigens in pigs experimentally infected withT. soliumeggs. Oncosphere specific antibodies were detected in pig sera one month after experimental infection whereas antibodies to cystic stage antigens were not present until the 3rd to 5th month post infection. Sera from neurocysticercotic patients as well as naturally infected cysticercotic pigs recognized high molecular weight antigens in the oncospheres.
Prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminths of Nigerian goats
Authors: Nwosu C.O. , Ogunrinade A.F. , Fagbemi B.O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA total of 120 gastro-intestinal tracts and 960 faecal samples were examined to assess the prevalence and seasonal changes in the gastro-intestinal helminth parasites of Red Sokoto (maradi) goats slaughtered at Ibadan between May 1991 and April 1992. Egg types of strongyles, Strongyloides, Trichuris, Skrjabinema, Dicrocoelium and Moniezia were encountered in 93%, 83%, 44%, 0.9%, 2.3% and 31% of the faecal samples respectively. However, only strongyle, Strongyloides and Trichuris eggs occurred in large numbers and were more common during the rainy season than in the dry season. The parasites recorded and their prevalences were Haemonchus contortus (90.0%), H. ovis (5.0%), Strongyloides papillosus (80.8%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (78.3%), T. axei (69.2%), Trichuris ovis (72.5%), T. globulosa (38.3%), Oesophagostomum columbianum (67.5%), Cooperia curticei (58.3%) Gaigeria pachyscelis (40.8%), Skrjabinema ovis (5.0%), Nematodirus battus (5.8%), Moniezia expansa (29.2%), M. benedeni (10.0%), Paramphistomum spp. (5.0%) and Cysticercus tenuicollis (33.3%). Haemonchus ovis is reported for the first time in Nigeria. Mixed infections were most prevalent. Young goats were more commonly infected and had higher worm counts than adult goats. Only Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides and Cooperia spp. occurred in large numbers. Irrespective of the age of the goats, higher worm counts were generally encountered during the rainy season than in the dry season. The results are discussed in relation to the control of helminthiasis in grazing animals in Nigeria.
A cross-sectional study of helminths in rural scavenging poultry in Tanzania in relation to season and climate
Authors: Permin A. , Magwisha H. , Kassuku A.A. , Nansen P. , Bisgaard M. , Frandsen F. , Gibbons L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA cross-sectional study on the prevalence of helminths in rural scavenging poultry on six hundred adult chickens selected randomly from six villages in the Morogoro Region, Tanzania during the wet and the dry seasons, was conducted. The trachea and gastrointestinal tract of each bird were examined for the presence of parasites. All chickens were infected with one or several species of helminths, the average being 4.8 ±1.7 helminths per chicken during the wet season and 5.1 ± 1.8 during the dry season. A total of 29 different helminth species were shown in the trachea or the gastrointestinal tract. The following species were identified:Syngamus trachea(0.7% (wet season), 2% (dry season));Gongylonema ingluvicola(6.3%, 17.7%);Tetrameres americana(54.3%, 60.3%);Dispharynx nasuta(0%, 2.7%);Acuaria hamulosa(8.3%, 19.3%);Ascaridia galli(28.3%, 32.3%);Heterakis gallinarum(74.0%, 78.7%);H. isolonche(18.7%, 5.0%);H. dispar(25.7%, 6.3%);Allodapa suctoria(40.0%, 52.0%);Subulura strongylina(3.3%, 1.0%);Strongyloides avium(0.3%, 3.0%);Capillaria annulata(2.0%, 0.0%);C. contorta(9.0%, 1.0%);C. caudinflata(2.0%, 4.3%);C. obsignata(8.7%, 25.0%);C. anatis(4.0%, 9.0%);C. bursata(1.0%, 2.7%);Raillietina echinobothrida(41.3%, 46.3%);R. tetragona(25.3%, 21.3%);R. cesticillus(8.7%, 2.7%);Choanotaenia infundibulum(0.0%, 3.7%);Hymenolepis carioca(9.0%, 18.0%);H. cantaniana(48.0%, 43.0%);Amoebotaenia cuneata(39.3%, 36.0%);Metroliasthes lucida(1.0%, 0.3%);Davainea proglottina(5.7%, 0.3%) andPolymorphus boschadis(0.3%, 0.0%). No trematodes were found. No correlation was found between season and prevalence, or season and mean worm burdens. Twelve helminths of the species recovered represent new local records.
The effect of long term storage on the lipid reserves and fatty acid composition of cysts and hatched juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida
Authors: Holz R.A. , Wright D.J. , Perry R.N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe lipid composition of three batches of single generation cysts of Globodera rostochiensis, stored dry at 4°C for 1,7 and 13 years, comprised 81%, 74% and 53% neutral lipids, 14%, 18% and 27% non-acidic phospholipids and 5%, 8% and 20% free fatty acids, respectively. Lipids in eggs from two batches of G. pallida cysts, stored for 3 and 7 years, comprised 80% and 67% neutral lipids, 15% and 23% non-acidic phospholipids and 5% and 10% free fatty acids, respectively. All batches contained the same fatty acids which were dominated by C18:l, C20:l and C20:4. The fatty acid profiles of hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis from two batches, stored for 1 and 9 years, differed only in their free fatty acid fractions. Thus, while it is not possible to determine the age of cysts by their fatty acid profile, it may be possible to use the relative amounts of the main lipid classes as an indicator of age. Four batches of hatched J2 of G. pallida were investigated, with sample A hatched during the second week in potato root diffusate, B during week 3, C during week 4 and D during weeks 5 and 6 and stored for 3.5 days (on average) after hatching. Total lipid content was 27.2%, 31.5%, 18.5% and 6.3% of the dry weight for A, B, C and D, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of D an increase in C18:l and to a lesser extent C18:2 was observed. In the free fatty acid fraction of sample D, the percentages of C18:l, C18:2 and C18:3 were greater but the percentages of C20:3 and C20:4 were smaller compared with sample C. Fresh early hatched J2 of G. rostochiensis were compared with later hatched and stored (for 13 days on average) individuals for their lipid content and fatty acid composition. The lipid content was 26.1% and 11.4% in fresh and stored J2, respectively. Total lipid consisted of 77% and 70% neutral lipid, 18% and 26% non-acidic phospholipid and 6% and 4% free fatty acid in fresh and stored J2, respectively. In the neutral lipid fraction of stored J2 C18:l, C16:0 and C18:0 increased, whereas C20:4, C20:l and C20:3 decreased. Therefore, both neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions showed changes in their fatty acid profiles after long delayed hatching and/or storage in both PCN species.
The In Vitro Action of Immune Serum on the Juveniles of the Nematode, Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) Stossich, 1899
Authors: Dhar D. N. , Singh Kunwar Suresh 
Published: June 2009

1. A precipitate was formed at the oral opening, excretory pore and anal opening of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum in the presence of immune serum in vitro, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death in large numbers. The precipitates failed to appear on these juveniles in normal serum or in saline; nor did they appear on the third stage juveniles on incubation in immune sera. Apparently the excretory-secretory products of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum serve as antigen and play an important role in the stimulation of antibodies in the host.2. Inactivation of the immune serum did not destroy the precipitin type of antibody, nor was it affected when the immune animals had been treated with cortisone.3. Immune serum from animals receiving multiple infections showed a higher antibody titre.4. The possible way in which the antibody acts on the fourth stage juveniles, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death, is discussed.
Helminths collected from Equines in Edinburgh and in London
Authors: le Roux P. L. 
Published: June 2009

Since the beginning of October, 1923, the writer had the opportunity of collecting helminths from 25 horses slaughtered in Edinburgh, and from 20 horses and one donkey slaughtered in London.The Edinburgh material was collected during the months October, November and December from aged horses, the London material during February, March and April, likewise from aged horses and from a very old donkey. The donkey was found to harbour at least 26 species of nematodes, 15 of which have not hitherto been recorded from England.From the horses examined in London, 38 species of helminths were obtained, 19 of which are new to England, and in Edinburgh 38 species, 11 of which have not hitherto been recorded from Scotland.
Experiments to determine the relative Toxicity of Ammonium Chloro-acetate and related Chemicals to the Potato Eelworm (Heterodera schachtii)
Authors: Smedley Enid M. 
Published: June 2009

Since 1935 a large number of chemicals including chloro-acetic acid and various water-soluble chloro-acetates, received from the Pest Control Committee of Imperial Chemical Industries, have been tested for their value in controlling the potato strain of Heterodera schachtii under the direction of Prof. R. T. Leiper, F.R.S.Soils from Yorkshire and Ayrshire were used in the experiments, as they are of very different types, and might conceivably respond differently to chemical treatment.
A Note on the identity of the nematode genera Anguillulina and Tylenchus
Authors: Goodey T. 
Published: June 2009

Anguillulina has been revived by Baylis and Daubney (1926) as the correct generic name for those worms which for many years have been considered as belonging to the genus Tylenchus, at least by most specialists on nematodes and plant-pathologists. Gervais and van Beneden on pp. 101 and 102 of the second volume of their work Zoologie Médicale, published in 1859, gave a brief account of the eelworm parasite of wheat causing “purples” or “cockles” and that found by Kuhn in 1858 in the heads of the fuller's thistle, teasle, both of which they designate as Anguillulines (Anguillulina) as follows:—Anguillilina tritici and Anguillulina dipsaci.It may be pointed out, in passing, that they were not consistent in the use of the word, for at the end of the description of A. dipsaci they spell it as Anguillula not Anguillulina. This may, however, perhaps be regarded as an unintentional slip or a printer's error. Bastian's paper in which first the name Tyleenchus and then Tylenchus is applied to members of this genus appeared in 1865 and he designated Tylenchus davainii as type species of the genus in a letter to Stiles dated March 22nd, 1904, vide Stiles and Hassall (1905).
A Trichostrongylid, Paracooperia mazabukae sp. nov., from a wild ruminant, the Oribi, in Northern Rhodesia
Authors: Leroux P. L. 
Published: June 2009

Several specimens of a trichostrongylid, for which the name Paracooperia mazabukae sp. nov. is proposed, were collected from the duodenum of the Oribi (Ourebia ourebi), a small African antelope, in vicinity of the Nega Nega hills in the Mazabuka area, Northern Rhodesia.Four species of Paracooperia Travassos, 1985, have hitherto been recorded from the small intestine of ruminants. Schwartz (1929) based his description of Cooperia nodulosa on specimens collected from nodules in the mucosa of the small intestine of a carabao (Bubalis bubalis) in the Philippine Islands. Mönnig (1981) described Cooperia serrata, since designated as the type of the genus Paracooperia Travassos, from the springbuck (Antidorcas marsupialis), not Damaliscus albifrons as recorded by Daubney (1988) who records Cooperia serrata Mönnig, 1931, as having been collected frequently from sheep in the Rift Valley and the Athi Plains in Kenya. Daubney notes that the normal host of this helminth has not yet been discovered in Kenya.
Observations on Giant Cells in Potato Roots Infected with Heterodera rostochiensis
Authors: Cole C. S. , Howard H. W. 
Published: June 2009

Giant cell formation was studied in the roots of potatoes grown in a soil infested with Heterodera rostochiensis.Some indication of giant cell formation was found in roots fixed 14 days after planting of sprouted tubers in the infested soil.Giant cells may be formed by the cells of the cortex, the endodermis, the pericycle and the parenchyma cells of the central vascular strand.The first giant cells appear to be formed in the cortex and pericycle.Giant cells in the cortex are only found near the head of an eelworm.Giant cell formation by the parenchyma cells of the central vascular strand leads to no cambium and hence no secondary xylem being produced in those sectors of the root where they occur.The occurrence of sectors of the root in which there is no secondary xylem gives the central vascular strand an irregular appearance.Some giant cells may be multinucleate. They all have granular cytoplasm.
Helminth Parasites of Hertfordshire Birds II.—Cestoda
Authors: Mettrick D. F. 
Published: June 2009

Descriptions are given of 16 species of cestode found in Hertfordshire birds.The taxonomic position of the genera Choanotaenia Railliet, 1896; Anomotaenia Cohn, 1900; and Paricterotaenia Fuhrmann, 1932, is discussed in detail.A new species Anomotaenia verulamii, n.sp., from the Song Thrush (Turdus ericetorum) is described.A new species Paricterotaenia albani, n.sp., from the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is described.A new species Paricterotaenia mariae, n.sp., from the Robin (Erithacus rubecula) is described.A total of 18 new host records and 23 new records for this country are reported.
Observations on Nematode Infections of Goats and Sheep in West Africa
Authors: Edwards E. E. , Wilson A. S. B. 
Published: June 2009

An account is given of the results of preliminary studies of the worm-burden of goats and sheep in Ghana, West Africa, based on fortnightly counts of nematode eggs in their faeces over a period of three years, 1954 to 1956, inclusive. Only eggs of nematodes
and Moniezia expansa were encountered apart from an occasional egg of Schistosoma sp., probably S. bovis, in two sheep. Four centres were involved in these investigations differing appreciably in regard to the amount and distribution of the rainfall. It would seem from the results obtained that:—There are in the drier regions two distinct periods in the year when worm-egg production in goats and sheep reaches a high level compared with that at other times of the year, a high peak of production in June, sometimes a month either earlier or later, and a slight peak in November or December.There are seasonal variations in the forest belt regions but here the peaks of egg-production are less evident and more irregular in respect to the time of their occurrences in different years.
On a New Filarioid Worm, Chiropterofllaria brevicaudata gen. et sp. nov. from the Fruit Bat, Pteropus hawaiiensis from Fiji
Authors: Symes C. B. , Mataika J. U. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new genus and species of filarioid worm is described from the peritoneal cavity of fruit bats, Pteropus hawaiiensis from Fiji and the name Chiropterofilaria brevicaudata n. sp. is given to it. The microfilaria is described. This appears to be the first record of a nematode from this host. The new genus is differentiated from its nearest genus Lemdana in that the spicules are only slightly unequal; and in the female worms, the oesophagus usually make several turns around the vagina before joining the intestine. From the same host, a second microfilaria, Microfilaria fijiensis n. sp. is described, the adults of which were not found.
On a New Species of Euparadistomum (Dicrocoeliidae Odhner, 1910) from the Fox in Hyderabad (India)
Authors: Singh Satya Narayan 
Published: June 2009

The present communication deals with an account of a new species of Euparadistomum based on material collected on two occasions from the gall bladder of the fox, Vulpex alopex. In all, nine specimens were available for study.The flukes are flattened and pyriform with broadly rounded anterior and posterior ends. The body measures 4·3–5·9 mm. in length with a maximum width of 2·3–3·8 mm. attained at about the equatorial level of the body.
On Camallanus johni sp. nov., collected from Xenopus in Tanganyika Territory
Authors: Liang-Sheng Yeh 
Published: June 2009

A number of male and female specimens were available for study. They were collected by my colleague Mr. J. McClelland who very kindly made them available for study.Description: The worm is very small with the largest diameter at the cephalic end and tapers down posteriorly and rather markedly so in the female worm (Fig. 4). The cuticle has fine striations. The bivalve buccal capsule has a number of longitudinal ridges of varying lengths. The number of these ridges are different for the male and female. The head is slightly tilted ventrad. There is a pair of tridents. The ventral trident is small and indistinctly branched. The dorsal trident is large and clearly trifid. The posterior part of the buccal capsule ends in six small projections (Fig. 1).
Some Observations onTaeniid Ovicides: Screening techniques, and the effects of some inorganic compounds
Authors: Parnell I. W. 
Published: June 2009

This paper details the requirements for taeniid ovicides and the problems involved, including a description of the main protective layers of taeniid eggs.It describes some techniques used to assess the values of chemical compounds as taeniid ovicides.It also lists the effects of fifty inorganic compounds on the unprotected eggs ofTaenia hydatigena, and of twenty-four of these compounds on eggs ofT. ovisor ofT. hydaligenain proglottids.
The Stomach WormTetrameres fissispina(Diesing, 1861) (Nematoda: Spiruridea) Infecting the Wood-Pigeon,Columba palumbusL., and Stock Dove,C. oenasL., in Cambridgeshire
Authors: Williams I. C. 
Published: June 2009

Tetrameres fissispina(Diesing, 1861) is recorded for the first time from the Wood-Pigeon,Columba palumbusL., and Stock Dove,C. oenasL.An account is given of a natural infection of Wood-Pigeons withT. fissispinaduring the winter months of 1962/63 and 1963/64 in Cambridgeshire.
Acquired Resistance to Experimental Heterakis Infections in Chickens and Turkeys: Effect on the Transmission of Histomonas meleagridis
Authors: Lund Everett E. 
Published: June 2009

Attempts were made to induce increased resistance to caecal worm infections in chickens and turkeys by giving 5-week-old birds embryonated Heterakis eggs. To test for such resistance, the birds were challenged 28 days later by feeding comparable numbers of embryonated eggs. To study the possible influence of any response on the transmission of blackhead, some of the birds received Heterakis eggs from worms grown in birds that had blackhead.In blackhead-free chickens there was only a slight reduction in the number of worms recoveied from the initial infection as a result of the superimposed second infection. However, there were 37% fewer worms from the second feeding of eggs than were present in the control birds that had had no previous Heterakis infection. In blackhead-free turkeys, the immunized birds had fewer worms from both doses than did the controls. These reductions averaged about 40% in both instances.
On Two New Species of the Genus Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from North India
Authors: Singh Sunitha D. 
Published: June 2009

Twenty-eight adult specimens of 2 new species, Aphelcnchoides appendurus and A. montanus, were collected from the rhizoids of moss adhering to the bark of pine trees in the Mussoorie Hills, at an altitude of 7,500 feet above sea level, in Uttar Pradesh, India.The 2 new species, which belong to the “parietinus” group of the genus Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894, are described and illustrated.
Effect of Irradiation on the Infective Stage Larvae of the Nematode, Oesophagostomum columbianum and their Use as a Vaccine
Authors: Dhar D. N. , Singh Kunwar Suresh 
Published: June 2009

The effect of irradiation on the survival, behaviour and immunogenicity of the infective (3rd stage) larvae of O. columbianum was studied. The findings reported are:1. Irradiation with up to 160,000 r does not significantly alter the survival of the larvae when stored at 4°C and at room temperature (26–32°C) for a period of 42 days.2. Irradiation at 15.000 r to 40,000 r results in progressively fewer adults developing but more nodules being formed in the intestinal wall. Irradiation at 80,000 r results in the larvae failing to develop and establish in the host.