bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle and demographic correlates of poor mental health in early adolescence
Authors: Robinson Monique , Kendall Garth E , Jacoby Peter , Hands Beth , Beilin Lawrie J , Silburn Sven R , Zubrick Stephen R , Oddy Wendy H 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  To determine the constellation of lifestyle and demographic factors that are associated with poor mental health in an adolescent population.Methods:  The Raine Study 14‐year follow‐up involved primary care givers and their adolescent children (n= 1860). The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess adolescent mental health. We examined diet, socio‐demographic data, family functioning, physical activity, screen use and risk‐taking behaviours with mental health outcomes using linear regression.Results:  Adolescents with higher intakes of meat and meat alternatives and ‘extras’ foods had poorer mental health status. Adverse socio‐economic conditions, higher hours of screen use and ever partaking in the health risk behaviours of smoking and early sexual activity were significantly associated with increasing CBCL scores, indicative of poorer functioning.Conclusions:  By identifying the lifestyle and demographic factors that accompany poorer mental health in early adolescence, we are able to better understand the context of mental health problems as they occur within an adolescent population.
Culture‐independent characterization of a novel, uncultivated magnetotactic member of theNitrospiraephylum
Authors: Lefèvre Christopher T. , Frankel Richard B. , Abreu Fernanda , Lins Ulysses , Bazylinski Dennis A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryA magnetotactic bacterium, designated strain LO‐1, of theNitrospiraephylum was detected and concentrated from a number of freshwater and slightly brackish aquatic environments in southern Nevada. The closest phylogenetic relative to LO‐1 isCandidatusMagnetobacterium bavaricum based on a 91.2% identity in their 16S rRNA gene sequence. Chemical and cell profiles of a microcosm containing water and sediment show that cells of strain LO‐1 are confined to the oxic–anoxic interface and the upper regions of the anaerobic zone which in this case, occurred in the sediment. This microorganism is relatively large, ovoid in morphology and usually biomineralizes three braid‐like bundles of multiple chains of bullet‐shaped magnetosomes that appeared to be enclosed in a magnetosome membrane. Cells of LO‐1 had an unusual three‐layered unit membrane cell wall and contained several types of inclusions, some of which are sulfur‐rich. Strain LO‐1 is motile by means of a single bundle of sheathed flagella and exhibits the typical ‘wobbling’ motility and helical swimming (‘flight’) path of the magnetotactic cocci. This study and reports from others suggest that LO‐1‐like organisms are widespread in sediments of freshwater to brackish natural aquatic environments.
Alcohol consumption in sport: The influence of sporting idols, friends and normative drinking practices
Authors: O'BRIEN KERRY S. , KOLT GREGORY S. , WEBBER ANDREW , HUNTER JOHN A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. High‐profile sportspeople are posited as role models for others. We examine whether university sportspeople and non‐sportspeople's perceptions of high‐profile sportspeople's (sports stars) and friends perceived drinking behaviours are related to their own drinking behaviours. Further, we examine the importance of drinking with competitors after sports events. Design and Methods. A convenience sample of 1028 participants (58% females, n = 652 sportspeople) from two Australian universities were approached at sporting and university venues. Participants completed a survey booklet containing demographic questions, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, alcohol measure), perceived drinking of high‐profile sportspeople and friends (social norms), and for sportspeople only, items assessing the importance of drinking with competitors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess relationships. Results. Both sporting and non‐sporting participants perceived high‐profile sportspeople to drink less than themselves and their friends. Small significant bivariate relationships were found between high‐profile sportspeople's perceived drinking and self‐reported drinking for sportspeople (r = 0.20, P < 0.0005). However, in multivariate regression models the perceived drinking behaviours of high‐profile sportspeople were not significant predictors of sportspeople's drinking, and were negatively related to non‐sportspeople's drinking. The practice of drinking with competitors after sports and games accounted for an additional 6.1% of the unique variance in AUDIT‐scores (P < 0.0005). Discussion and Conclusions. Sports stars are touted as negative role models when it comes to drinking. Contrary to expectations high‐profile sportspeople were not perceived to be heavy drinkers and their perceived drinking was not predictive of others drinking. Friends' and normative drinking practices were predictors of drinking.[O'Brien KS, Kolt GS, Webber A, Hunter JA. Alcohol consumption in sport: The influence of sporting idols, friends and normative drinking practices. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;676–683]
Breaking new ground in the study and practice of alcohol brief interventions
Authors: HEATHER NICK 
Published: October 2010

Abstract This article amplifies the decision to subtitle the INEBRIA2009 Conference ‘Breaking New Ground’. The effectiveness of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for hazardous and harmful drinking is now well‐established for primary health care and is promising for other medical settings. In addition, significant advances in the implementation of SBI are being made in various parts of the world. But, because of the need to establish efficacy and effectiveness, and perhaps too because of a preoccupation with meta‐analysis of existing research findings, progress in other aspects of the theory and practice of SBI has been slower than ideal. There may also be a risk of complacency in the SBI field of study. For these reasons and others, the Conference Organizing Committee decided to focus the conference and invite presentations on a number of specific topics in the field of alcohol SBI and these are listed here followed by a discussion of other areas in which new ground needs to be broken.[Heather N. Breaking new ground in the study and practice of alcohol brief interventions. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;584–588]
Alcohol identification and brief advice in England: A major plank in alcohol harm reduction policy
Authors: LAVOIE DON 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Screening and brief interventions form a vital plank in England's plans to reduce alcohol‐related harm. This article clarifies the use of terminology in England to describe various drinking categories and screening and brief interventions. It details efforts to implement these interventions, including recent incentive packages that have been put in place to encourage primary care to implement these interventions. It describes the Screening and Intervention Programme for Sensible Drinking research program that is underway to clarify tools and methods to introduce and support these interventions.[Lavoie D. Alcohol identification and brief advice in England: A major plank in alcohol harm reduction policy. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;608–611]
Community pharmacy service users' views and perceptions of alcohol screening and brief intervention
Authors: DHITAL RANJITA , WHITTLESEA CATE M. , NORMAN IAN J. , MILLIGAN PETER 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Community pharmacists have the potential to deliver alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) to pharmacy users. However, little is known if SBI would be utilised and views of people who might use the service. Therefore, the aim was to investigate potential barriers and enablers of pharmacy SBI. Design and Methods. Purposive sampling was used to select four pharmacies within the London borough of Westminster, UK. Semistructured interview schedule recorded participants' views of pharmacy SBI. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C) was incorporated to record views of high and low‐risk drinkers. Categorical data were analysed and content analysis undertaken. Results. Of the 237 participants (149 female) approached 102 (43%) agreed to be interviewed (63 female). Of these 98 completed AUDIT‐C, with 51 (52%) identified as risky drinkers. Risky drinkers were significantly identified among the younger age group (χ2 = 11.03, P = 0.004), professional occupations (χ2 = 10.41, P = 0.015), with higher qualifications (χ2 = 10.46, P = 0.033), were least frequent visitors to a pharmacy (χ2 = 11.58, P = 0.021) and more frequently identified in multiple pharmacy establishments than independents (χ2 = 8.52, P = 0.004). Most were willing to discuss drinking (97, 96%) and accept written information (99, 98%). Accessibility and anonymity were reported as positive aspects and concerns were expressed about lack of privacy and time (pharmacist and user).Discussion and Conclusions. This study reports the first results of pharmacy users' views on SBI. Regardless of drinking status, most were willing to utilise the service and positive about pharmacists' involvement.[Dhital R, Whittlesea CM, Norman IJ, Milligan P. Community pharmacy service users' views and perceptions of alcohol screening and brief intervention. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;596–602]
Attention trajectories, mechanisms and outcomes: at the interface between developing cognition and environment
Authors: Scerif Gaia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAttentional processes play a crucial role in prioritizing information for further processing and they therefore sit at the interface between internal goals and the challenges presented by the environment. How does attentional control interact with the changing constraints imposed by the developing cognitive system? Emerging work in this area has employed a range of complementary techniques, from increasingly refined neurocognitive measures in typically developing individuals, to the investigation of risk or protective factors influencing attention trajectories in developmental disorders. A growing corpus of data suggests that, while attentional biases for specific input characteristics (e.g. suddenly appearing stimuli, emotional expressions) are in place from infancy, it is the interplay between these predispositions, genetic and environmental factors that drives attention development over time. With the advent of multidisciplinary approaches to the developmental cognitive neuroscience of attention, unravelling these complex dynamics from infancy and their outcome on learning is increasingly within reach.
Simulation models of obesity: a review of the literature and implications for research and policy
Authors: Levy D. T. , Mabry P. L. , Wang Y. C. , Gortmaker S. , Huang T. T.‐K. , Marsh T. , Moodie M. , Swinburn B. 
Published: October 2010

SummarySimulation models (SMs) combine information from a variety of sources to provide a useful tool for examining how the effects of obesity unfold over time and impact population health. SMs can aid in the understanding of the complex interaction of the drivers of diet and activity and their relation to health outcomes. As emphasized in a recently released report of the Institute or Medicine, SMs can be especially useful for considering the potential impact of an array of policies that will be required to tackle the obesity problem. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of existing SMs for obesity. First, a background section introduces the different types of models, explains how models are constructed, shows the utility of SMs and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. Using these typologies, we then briefly review extant obesity SMs. We categorize these models according to their focus: health and economic outcomes, trends in obesity as a function of past trends, physiologically based behavioural models, environmental contributors to obesity and policy interventions. Finally, we suggest directions for future research.
A systematic analysis of childhood obesity prevention interventions targeting Hispanic children: lessons learned from the previous decade
Authors: Branscum P. , Sharma M. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryHispanic children suffer from the highest overall rates of prevalence for overweight and obesity in the US. In the last decade some interventions for prevention of childhood obesity have been developed and tailored to target this subgroup. The purpose of this review is to systematically analyze and summarize findings for health education and promotion interventions aimed at the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity among primarily Hispanic children. A systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC was done for the time period 2000 to May 2010. A posteriori effect size for the primary outcome of each intervention was calculated using G*Power. A total of nine interventions were located; five randomized controlled trials and four were either quasi‐experimental or pilot studies. Among these studies, only four had significant findings, and calculated effect sizes (Cohen's f) ranged from small to medium with the highest f = 0.26. Interventions were more likely to be successful when participants were at higher risk for obesity, a parental component was included, the intervention contained theoretical underpinnings, the intervention was delivered by a dedicated staff, the intervention served older children and the intervention was longer in duration. More interventions need to be developed for Hispanic children. Future interventions should also develop and utilize culturally appropriate and sensitive materials and approaches.
The levelling off of the obesity epidemic since the year 1999 – a review of evidence and perspectives
Authors: Rokholm B. , Baker J. L. , Sørensen T. I. A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe purpose was to investigate a possible levelling off in the obesity epidemic, by systematically reviewing literature and web‐based sources. Eligible studies and data sources were required to have at least two measures of obesity prevalence since 1999. A literature and Internet search resulted in 52 studies from 25 different countries. The findings supported an overall levelling off of the epidemic in children and adolescents from Australia, Europe, Japan and the USA. In adults, stability was found in the USA, while increases were still observed in some European and Asian countries. Some evidence for heterogeneity in the obesity trends across socioeconomic status (SES) groups was found. The levelling off was less evident in the lower‐SES groups. No obvious differences between genders were identified. We discussed potential explanations for a levelling off and the utility of investigating obesity trends to identify the driving forces behind the epidemic. It is important to emphasize that the levelling off is not tantamount to calling off the epidemic. Additionally, it is worthwhile to keep in mind that previous stable phases have been followed by further increases in the prevalence of obesity. Therefore, research into the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity should remain a priority.
Metabolic flexibility and obesity in children and youth
Authors: Aucouturier J. , Duché P. , Timmons B. W. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe concept of metabolic flexibility describes the ability of skeletal muscle to switch between the oxidation of lipid as a fuel during fasting periods to the oxidation of carbohydrate during insulin stimulated period. Alterations in energy metabolism in adults with obesity, insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes induce a state of impaired metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility. Despite the increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in obese children and youth, less is known about the factors involved in the development of metabolic inflexibility in the paediatric population. Metabolic flexibility is conditioned by nutrient partitioning in response to feeding, substrate mobilization and delivery to skeletal muscle during fasting or exercising condition, and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Our aim in this review was to identify among these factors those making obese children at risk of metabolic inflexibility. The development of ectopic rather than peripheral fat storage appears to be a factor strongly linked with a reduced metabolic flexibility. Tissue growth and maturation are determinants of impaired energy metabolism later in life but also as a promising way to reverse metabolic inflexibility given the plasticity of many tissues in youth. Finally, we have attempted to identify perspectives for future investigations of metabolic flexibility in obese children that will improve our understanding of the genesis of metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
Obesity as a poverty‐related emerging nutrition problems: the case of Indonesia
Authors: Usfar A. A. , Lebenthal E. , Atmarita  , Achadi E. , Soekirman  , Hadi H. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryObesity is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic disease and disability. In developing countries like Indonesia, obesity often co‐exists with undernutrition. Data from national basic health research 2007 showed that overnutrition was found among all age groups, on a double digit scale, with similar magnitude in urban and rural areas and higher prevalence in adult female. In contrary to 14% undernourished children under the age of 5 years, 12% of their counterparts were overnourished; for 6–14 years 10% vs. 6%; and for 15 years and above 15% vs. 19%. The purpose of the review is to raise awareness on the increasing obesity problem and to set recommendations to prevent obesity. Stunted adults in developing countries are 1.2 times more likely to be overweight than non‐stunted adults. Approaches to overcoming obesity in adulthood emphasize dietary changes, increasing physical activity and behaviour modification. It is important for Indonesia to target nutrition intervention for female adolescents, pregnant woman to first 2 years of life, initiate nutrition education for school‐age children and disseminate Holistic Healthy Framework Approach with key message ‘Initiate healthier food choices’. Prompt Nutrition Guidelines and the use of lower body mass index cut‐off should be considered.
Joint Modelling of Survival and Cognitive Decline in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Graham Petra L. , Ryan Louise M. , Luszcz Mary A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe paper describes the use of a longitudinal tobit model to characterize cognitive decline over a 13-year period in a cohort of 2087 elderly Australians. Use of a tobit formulation allows for the so-called ‘ceiling effect’ wherein many subjects achieve perfect test scores. A Bayesian hierarchical joint model is presented that allows for random subject-specific intercepts and slopes, as well as for informative dropout. Results suggest several potential areas of intervention. For example, there is a clear dose–response effect of exercise whereby increasing levels of exercise are associated with higher cognitive scores.
Understanding Complex Legislative and Judicial Behaviour via Hierarchical Ideal Point Estimation
Authors: Lu Ying , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIdeal point estimation is an important tool to study legislative and judicial voting behaviours. We propose a hierarchical ideal point estimation framework that directly models complex voting behaviours on the basis of the characteristics of the political actors and the votes that they cast. Through simulations and empirical examples we show that this framework holds good promise for resolving many unsettled issues, such as the multi-dimensional aspects of ideology, and the effects of political parties. As a companion to this paper, we offer an easy-to-use R package that implements the methods discussed.
Fast Bayesian Analysis of Spatial Dynamic Factor Models for Multitemporal Remotely Sensed Imagery
Authors: Strickland C. M. , Simpson D. P. , Turner I. W. , Denham R. , Mengersen K. L. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryRemote sensing is one example where data sets that vary across space and time have become so large that ‘standard’ approaches employed by statistical modellers for applied analysis are no longer feasible. We present a Bayesian methodology, which makes use of recently developed algorithms in applied mathematics, for the analysis of large space–time data sets. In particular, a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is proposed for the efficient estimation of spatial dynamic factor models. The spatial dynamic factor model is specified whereby spatial dependence is modelled though the columns of the factor loadings matrix by using a Gaussian Markov random field. Krylov subspace methods are used to take advantage of the sparse matrix structures that are inherent in the model. The methodology is used to analyse remotely sensed data from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite. In particular, the methodology proposed is used in conjunction with high resolution imagery for the classification, in terms of land type, of two regions in central Queensland, Australia.
Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations for the Evaluation of Veterinary Surveillance Data from Switzerland: A Case-Study
Authors: Schrödle Birgit , Held Leonhard , Riebler Andrea , Danuser Jürg 
Published: October 2010

SummarySpatiotemporal disease mapping models have been used extensively to describe the pattern of surveillance data. They are usually formulated in a hierarchical Bayesian framework and posterior marginals are not available in closed form. Hence, the standard method for parameter estimation is Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. A new method for approximate Bayesian inference in latent Gaussian models using integrated nested Laplace approximations has recently been proposed as an alternative. This approach promises very precise results in short computational time. The aim of the paper is to show how integrated nested Laplace approximations can be used as an inferential tool for a variety of spatiotemporal models for the analysis of reported cases of bovine viral diarrhoea in cattle from Switzerland. Conclusions concerning the problem of under-reporting in the data are drawn via a multilevel modelling strategy. Furthermore, a comparison with Markov chain Monte Carlo methods with regard to the accuracy of the parameter estimates and the usability of both approaches in practice is conducted. Approaches to model choice using integrated nested Laplace approximations are also presented.
Missing Data in a Stochastic Dollo Model for Binary Trait Data, and its Application to the Dating of Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Ryder Robin J. , Nicholls Geoff K. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryNicholls and Gray have described a phylogenetic model for trait data. They used their model to estimate branching times on Indo-European language trees from lexical data. Alekseyenko and co-workers extended the model and gave applications in genetics. We extend the inference to handle data missing at random. When trait data are gathered, traits are thinned in a way that depends on both the trait and the missing data content. Nicholls and Gray treated missing records as absent traits. Hittite has 12% missing trait records. Its age is poorly predicted in their cross-validation. Our prediction is consistent with the historical record. Nicholls and Gray dropped seven languages with too much missing data. We fit all 24 languages in the lexical data of Ringe and co-workers. To model spatiotemporal rate heterogeneity we add a catastrophe process to the model. When a language passes through a catastrophe, many traits change at the same time. We fit the full model in a Bayesian setting, via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. We validate our fit by using Bayes factors to test known age constraints. We reject three of 30 historically attested constraints. Our main result is a unimodal posterior distribution for the age of Proto-Indo-European centred at 8400 years before Present with 95% highest posterior density interval equal to 7100–9800 years before Present.