bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of support vector regression for prediction of monthly streamflow using endogenous property
Authors: Maity Rajib , Bhagwat Parag P. , Bhatnagar Ashish 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the recent past, a variety of statistical and other modelling approaches have been developed to capture the properties of hydrological time series for their reliable prediction. However, the extent of complexity hinders the applicability of such traditional models in many cases. Kernel‐based machine learning approaches have been found to be more popular due to their inherent advantages over traditional modelling techniques including artificial neural networks(ANNs ). In this paper, a kernel‐based learning approach is investigated for its suitability to capture the monthly variation of streamflow time series. Its performance is compared with that of the traditional approaches. Support vector machines (SVMs) are one such kernel‐based algorithm that has given promising results in hydrology and associated areas. In this paper, the application of SVMs to regression problems, known as support vector regression (SVR), is presented to predict the monthly streamflow of the Mahanadi River in the state of Orissa, India. The results obtained are compared against the results derived from the traditional Box–Jenkins approach. While the correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted streamflows was found to be 0·77 in case of SVR, the same for different auto‐regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models ranges between 0·67 and 0·69. The superiority of SVR as compared to traditional Box‐Jenkins approach is also explained through the feature space representation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RAD 001 (everolimus) prevents mTOR and Akt late re‐activation in response to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mancini Manuela , Petta Sara , Martinelli Giovanni , Barbieri Enza , Santucci Maria A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one target of BCR‐ABL fusion gene of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Moreover, it drives a compensatory route to Imatinib mesylate (IM) possibly involved in the progression of leukemic progenitors towards a drug‐resistant phenotype. Accordingly, mTOR inhibitors are proposed for combined therapeutic strategies in CML. The major caveat in the use of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy comes from the induction of an mTOR‐phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3k) feedback loop driving the retrograde activation of Akt. Here we show that the rapamycin derivative RAD 001 (everolimus, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research) inhibits mTOR and, more importantly, revokes mTOR late re‐activation in response to IM. RAD 001 interferes with the assembly of both mTOR complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. The inhibition of mTORC2 results in the de‐phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 in the hydrophobic motif of C‐terminal tail required for Akt full activation and precludes Akt re‐phosphorylation in response to IM. Moreover, RAD 001‐induced inhibition of Akt causes the de‐phosphorylation of tuberous sclerosis tumor suppressor protein TSC2 at 14‐3‐3 binding sites, TSC2 release from 14‐3‐3 sigma (restoring its inhibitory function on mTORC1) and nuclear import (promoting the nuclear translocation of cyclin‐dependent kinase [CDK] inhibitor p27Kip1, the stabilization of p27Kip1 ligand with CDK2, and the G0/G1 arrest). RAD 001 cytotoxicity on cells not expressing the BCR‐ABL fusion gene or its p210 protein tyrosine kinase (TK) activity suggests that the inhibition of normal hematopoiesis may represent a drug side effect. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 320–328, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SAFB1's multiple functions in biological control—lots still to be done!
Authors: Garee Jason P. , Oesterreich Steffi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe examination of scaffold attachment factor B1 (SAFB1) and its multiple functions and tasks in cellular processes provides insight into its role in diseases, such as cancer. SAFB1 is a large multi‐domain protein with well‐described functions in transcriptional repression, and RNA splicing. It is ubiquitously expressed, and has been shown to be important in numerous cellular processes including cell growth, stress response, and apoptosis. SAFB1 is part of a protein family with at least two other family members, SAFB2 and the SAFB‐like transcriptional modulator SLTM. The goal of this prospect article is to summarize known functions of SAFB1, and its roles in cellular processes, but also to speculate on less well described, novel attributes of SAFB1, such as a potential role in chromatin organization. This timely review shows aspects of SAFB1, which are proving to have a complexity far greater than was previously thought. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 312–319, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced sonography with abdominal virtual sonography in monitoring radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kisaka Yoshiyasu , Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Abe Masanori , Matsuura Bunzo , Hiasa Yoichi , Onji Morikazu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Contrast‐enhanced CT is regarded as the gold standard for monitoring radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, 3‐dimensional volume data from CT have been used to create cross‐sectional multiplanar reconstruction images. Using this technique, we can reconstruct 2‐dimensional CT images identical in orientation to ultrasound (US) images, which we call virtual sonographic (VUS) images. The present prospective randomized control trial compared the number of CT scans needed to assess the efficacy of RFA of HCC using VUS‐contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) versus CT.Method.Subjects comprised 50 patients (50 HCCs) treated with US‐guided RFA between May 2005 and August 2006, randomized to undergo assessment by CT (Group 1; 25 HCC nodules) or VUS‐CEUS (Group 2; 25 HCC nodules). All patients were followed for 1 year. Primary endpoint was whether the number of CT scans could be reduced using VUS‐CEUS.Result.Mean number of CT scans required was 1.64 ± 0.7 in Group 1 and 1.1 ± 0.2 in Group 2 (p < 0.001).Conclusion.VUS‐CEUS can be used to assess the efficacy of HCC of RFA, with the potential to reduce the number of CT scans required for that purpose. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Spatiotemporal differences in the interannual variability of Baiu frontal activity in June
Authors: Yamaura Tsuyoshi , Tomita Tomohiko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Baiu frontal activity (BFA) clearly shows spatiotemporal differences in its interannual variability. This work examines the physical mechanisms behind these differences. On interannual time scales, the Baiu front can be divided into three subregions: (1) the western Baiu (WB), (2) the central Baiu (CB), and (3) the eastern Baiu (EB). Time series analysis revealed that the dominant periods in these three subregions are long eastward periods of approximately 2 years in the WB, 4 years in the CB, and 6 years in the EB.The biennial oscillation of the Asian monsoon controls the interannual variation in the WB through specific meridional circulation in the western North Pacific, whereas the El Niño/Southern Oscillation forces the interannual variation in the CB through the Pacific–East Asian teleconnection. The interannual variation in the EB is controlled by mid‐latitude atmospheric circulations, not by effects from the Tropics. The summertime North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) with a 6‐year period excites the stationary Rossby waves, the energies of which reach Japan through the strong upper tropospheric westerlies over Eurasia. Geopotential height anomalies then appear around Japan with an equivalent barotropic structure that modifies the precipitation in the EB. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Impact of α‐amylase and maltodextrin on physicochemical, functional and antioxidant capacity of spray‐dried purple sweet potato flour
Authors: Ahmed Maruf , Akter Mst Sorifa , Eun Jong‐Bang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Purple sweet potato flour could be used to enhance food products through colour, flavour and nutrients. Purple sweet potato flour has not yet been prepared with maltodextrin and amylase treatment using spray drying. Thus, the investigation was to evaluate the effect of various levels of maltodextrin (30 and 50 g kg−1 w/v), amylase (3 and 7 g kg−1 puree) and combined with maltodextrin and amylase on the physicochemical, functional and antioxidant capacity of spray dried purple sweet potato flours.RESULTS: Amylase and amylase with maltodextrin‐treated flours had a higher anthocyanin and total phenolic content than the control and maltodextrin‐treated flours. However, the antioxidant capacity was higher in the control and maltodextrin‐treated flours compared to the amylase and amylase with maltodextrin‐treated flours. The control had a higher water absorption index and lower water solubility index compared to the maltodextrin and combined with amylase and maltodextrin‐treated flours. On the other hand, maltodextrin increased whereas α‐amylase decreased the glass transition temperature. With respect to morphology, the particles of amylase‐treated flours were smaller than the control and maltodextrin‐treated flours.CONCLUSION: The results showed that good quality flour could be prepared by combining 30 g kg−1 maltodextrin and 7 g kg−1 amylase treatment. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Ab initio chemical kinetics for the NH2 + HNOx reactions, part III: Kinetics and mechanism for NH2 + HONO2
Authors: Xu Shucheng , Lin M. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism for the reaction of NH2 with HONO2 have been investigated by ab initio calculations with rate constant prediction. The potential energy surface of this reaction has been computed by single‐point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(3df, 2p) level based on geometries optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df, 2p) level. The reaction producing the primary products, NH3 + NO3, takes place via a precursor complex, H2N…HONO2 with an 8.4‐kcal/mol binding energy. The rate constants for major product channels in the temperature range 200–3000 K are predicted by variational transition state or variational Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus theory. The results show that the reaction has a noticeable pressure dependence at T < 900 K. The total rate constants at 760 Torr Ar‐pressure can be represented by ktotal = 1.71 × 10−3 × T−3.85 exp(−96/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 200–550 K, 5.11 × 10−23 × T+3.22 exp(70/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 550–3000 K. The branching ratios of primary channels at 760 Torr Ar‐pressure are predicted: k1 producing NH3 + NO3 accounts for 1.00–0.99 in the temperature range of 200–3000 K and k2 + k3 producing H2NO + HONO accounts for less than 0.01 when temperature is more than 2600 K. The reverse reaction, NH3 + NO3 → NH2 + HONO2 shows relatively weak pressure dependence at P < 100 Torr and T < 600 K due to its precursor complex, NH3…O3N with a lower binding energy of 1.8 kcal/mol. The predicted rate constants can be represented by k−1 = 6.70 × 10−24 × T+3.58 exp(−850/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 200–3000 K and 760 Torr N2 pressure, where the predicted rate at T = 298 K, 2.8 × 10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 is in good agreement with the experimental data. The NH3 + NO3 formation rate constant was found to be a factor of 4 smaller than that of the reaction OH + HONO2 producing the H2O + NO3 because of the lower barrier for the transition state for the OH + HONO2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 69–78, 2010
Kinetic Simulations of Reversible Chain Transfer Catalyzed Polymerization (RTCP): Guidelines to Optimum Molecular Weight Control
Authors: Vana Philipp , Goto Atsushi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKinetic simulations of reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization (RTCP) were performed using the program package Predici. Mimicking the RTCP of styrene in bulk at 80 °C, the full molecular weight distributions, the polydispersities of resulting polymer and the time evolutions of monomer conversion and participating species were simulated. The influence of the kinetic coefficients governing the RTCP equilibrium – specifically, the rate coefficients of activation, ka, and deactivation, kda – on the controlled polymerization behavior was probed in detail by varying their respective simulation input values over five orders of magnitude. It was found that optimum results for molecular weight control are obtained for K = ka/kda in the range 1 to 10 and with ka and kda being of the order of 106 L · mol−1 · s−1 or above. The influence of degenerative chain transfer on the process was found to be significant only in poorly controlled systems, but is small in well‐controlled RTCP. Based on the finding that the catalyst is depleting during the polymerization due to cross‐termination, guidelines for obtaining high molecular weight material via repeated addition of catalyst were developed.magnified image
Beeinflussung der Hartstoffverteilung beim Plasma‐Pulver‐Auftragschweißen
Authors: Ebert L. , Thurner S. , Neyka S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wird aufgezeigt, wie mit Hilfe der Modulation des Plasmagasvolumenstroms die Verteilung von Hartstoffen in der Schmelze beim Plasma‐Pulver‐Auftragschweißen beeinflusst werden kann. Es wird erläutert, wie diese Modulation technisch realisiert wird und welche Wirkung verschiedene Plasmagasvolumenströme auf die Druckverteilung im Lichtbogen erzielen. Anhand von Versuchen mit einer Kobalt‐Basis Legierung wird im Plasma‐Auftrag‐Zweipulverprozess demonstriert, wie eine gepulste Plasmagaszufuhr die Verteilung von zusätzlich eingebrachten Wolframschmelzkarbiden beeinflusst. Die erreichte Partikelverteilung im Standardprozess und im Gaspulsprozess wird anhand metallographischer Schliffe gegenübergestellt. Weiterhin werden die Erzeugung und die Wirkung des zeitlich veränderlichen Plasmagasvolumenstroms analysiert.
The generation of nanocolloidal wear from stainless steel and titanium alloy and its toxic effects in a monocyte cell culture model
Authors: Podleska L.E. , Weuster M. , Buescher R. , Hussmann B. , Nast‐Kolb D. , Taeger G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study addresses the aspect of submicron‐sized / nanocolloidal wear comparing stainless steel (316L) and titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) for their toxic and inflammatory potentials. Wear was generated in a tribometer using the disc‐on‐pin‐method with pin and disc submerged in a sterile cell culture medium setting. The wear medium was separated according to Stokes' law into a fraction smaller 200 nm (nanocolloids) and a fraction greater 200 nm (particles). Vitality and inflammatory potential was measured in a cell culture model employing murine macrophages (J774). Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50vol%) of either wear medium (particles and nanocolloids) from 316L and TiAl6V4. Vitality was measured by MTT assay and inflammatory reactions were quantified by TNF‐α ELISA.Nanocolloids from stainless steel and titanium induced strong, dose dependant toxic effects in the MTT assay while particles did not affect vitality in a dose dependant manner. The inflammatory response remained unaltered in all four groups. We conclude that interactions between soluble metallic wear and proteins forming nanocolloidal wear should be considered when conduction experiments addressing the aspect of biocompatibility in metallic implant materials.
Clinical measures of dysarthria in Friedreich Ataxia
Authors: Singh Arunjot , Epstein Elizabeth , Myers Lauren M. , Farmer Jennifer M. , Lynch David R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDysarthria in Friedreich Ataxia (FA) is difficult to quantify. This study evaluated a series of performance measures for speech in 22 patients with genetically confirmed FA and 16 age‐matched controls. Tests included the PATA examination, the PATAKA examination, the Oral Motor component of the Boston Aphasia examination, the Boston Cookie Theft description task, and the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech. All measures, except the Cookie theft description task, demonstrated significantly lower scores for patients with FA when compared with controls and correlated with measures of disease progression. Thus, four of five measures capture speech dysfunction in FA and may provide feasible, inexpensive, quantitative testing for therapeutic monitoring in FA. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Differential neuropsychological profiles in Parkinsonian patients with or without vascular lesions
Authors: Santangelo Gabriella , Vitale Carmine , Trojano Luigi , De Gaspari Danilo , Bilo Leonilda , Antonini Angelo , Barone Paolo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare the neuropsychological profile of patients affected by parkinsonism and vascular lesions to that in patients with PD alone (PD) and to evaluate whether the brain vascular lesion load is associated with neuropsychological variables. Thirty‐six nondemented patients with parkinsonism were divided into 3 groups of 12 patients each, according to both clinical history and the presence of brain vascular lesions and/or dopaminergic denervation as revealed by magnetic resonance and dopamine transporter imaging, respectively. The first group had vascular lesions without dopaminergic denervation (VP group); the second group had vascular lesions and dopaminergic denervation (DD) (VP+DD group); and the third group consisted of patients with dopaminergic denervation (PD group) without vascular lesions. All patients underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessments. The groups differed in disease duration, age at onset, and cerebrovascular risk factors. The VP and VP+DD groups performed worse than the PD group on frontal/executive tasks. Regardless of the presence of dopaminergic denervation, cerebrovascular lesions in hemispheric white matter, basal ganglia, and cerebellum have an important effect in determining early onset and severity of cognitive impairment in patients with parkinsonism. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Motor laterality asymmetry and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cubo Esther , Martinez Martín Pablo , Martin‐Gonzalez Jesus A. , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Kulisevsky Jaime ,   ELEP Group Members
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground: In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), asymmetric motor signs provide an interesting model to evaluate whether asymmetric nigrostriatal degeneration can affect neuropsychological function and other nonmotor symptoms (NMS). This study was designed to evaluate the predominant laterality of motor symptoms and its relationship with cognition and other NMS in idiopathic PD. Methods: Nationwide, longitudinal, and multicenter study (ELEP Registry) using outpatients with PD. Left PD (LPD) and right PD (RPD) was defined based on the motor signs on the SCOPA‐motor scale. To include the clinical spectrum of asymmetric PD patients, we considered two groups of patients with mild‐moderate and extreme asymmetry. Predominant LPD or RPD with mild‐moderate versus extreme asymmetry were compared using the following scales: cognition, psychosis (Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale), anxiety/depression, sleep (and autonomic dysfunction at baseline and 1 year later. Nonparametric tests were used for comparison. Results: One hundred forty‐nine PD patients (74 RPD and 75 LPD) with mild‐moderate asymmetry and 90 (47 RPD and 43 LPD) with extreme asymmetry and a mean age of 64.5 (10.4) years were included. Extreme RPD had higher Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale scores over time (P = 0.005) compared with LPD, but no significant differences were observed between LPD and RPD in terms of other NMS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that damage to left‐hemisphere plays a disproportionately greater role in PD‐related psychosis over time. In contrast, motor laterality does not consistently affect other NMS, suggesting that NMS are related to a more widespread brain disorder. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
External validation of abbreviated versions of the activities‐specific balance confidence scale in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lohnes Corey A. , Earhart Gammon M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBalance confidence, measured using the Activity‐Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC‐16), can affect quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Two abbreviated 6‐item versions of the ABC‐16 have been previously derived to measure balance confidence in an expedited fashion. This study aimed to validate these abbreviated versions and to determine their correlations with measures of balance and functional capacity. Eighty‐nine individuals with PD participated in the study. Using the 25th percentile, five items were identified as the lowest scoring items (i.e., lowest balance confidence), and thus a 5‐item version of the questionnaire was created. Internal consistency and the relationship with the ABC‐16 were good for all abbreviated versions (Cronbachα> 0.93; ICC > 0.91). All versions correlated significantly with most measures of balance and function, with no differences between versions. An abbreviation of the ABC‐16, using only five items, may prove useful in busy clinical and research settings. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Particle Growth During the Polymerisation of Olefins on Supported Catalysts, 1 – Nascent Polymer Structures
Authors: McKenna Timothy F. L. , Di Martino Audrey , Weickert Guenter , Soares João B. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt is shown that the relationship between the catalyst/polymer structure, process conditions and final product properties needs to be addressed in more detail. From an industrial point of view, the interest starts from the need to control the growth of the catalyst/polymer particle during the polymerisation process. This first part of a two‐part review discusses the different factors that can influence the physical properties of the nascent polymer, and how these can impact the evolution of particle morphology.magnified image
Crack face contact in X‐FEM using a segment‐to‐segment approach
Authors: Giner E. , Tur M. , Tarancón J. E. , Fuenmayor F. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, we propose a segment‐to‐segment contact formulation (mortar‐based) that uses Lagrange's multipliers to establish the contact between crack faces when modeled with the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) in 2D problems. It is shown that, in general, inaccuracies arise when the contact is formulated following a point‐to‐point approach. This is due to the non‐linear character of the X‐FEM interpolation along the crack faces that leads to crack face interpenetration. However, the segment‐to‐segment approach optimizes the fulfilment of the contact constraints along the whole crack segment, and in practice the contact is modeled precisely. Convergence studies for mesh sequences have been performed, showing the advantages of the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.