bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future changes in South Asian summer monsoon circulation under global warming: role of the Tibetan Plateau latent heating
Authors: Luo Haolin , Wang Ziqian , He Chao , Chen Deliang , Yang Song 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is a significant monsoon system that exerts a profound impact on climate and human livelihoods. According to 38 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, the SASM circulation is projected to weaken significantly under global warming as seen in the weakened low-level westerly wind over the northern tropical Indian Ocean; however, the associated climate dynamics is still under debate. Here, we identify that the weakened low-level westerly wind is closely related to the enhanced latent heating over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which corresponds with increased summer precipitation in the future. The intensified TP latent heating triggers an anomalous meridional circulation with ascending motions over the plateau and descending motions to the south, leading to an anomalous low-level anticyclone over the northern tropical Indian Ocean. This anticyclone greatly weakens the prevailing low-level westerlies of the SASM through easterly anomalies at the anticyclone’s southern flank. Moisture budget analysis further reveals that increased atmospheric water vapor, rather than the vertical dynamic component, makes the largest contribution to the increased precipitation over the TP. This result confirms that the enhanced TP latent heating is a driver of atmospheric circulation change and contributes to weakening the SASM circulation.
Impairing hydrolase transport machinery prevents human melanoma metastasis
Authors: Nordlinger Alice , Del Rio Justine , Parikh Shivang , Thomas Laetitia , Parikh Roma , Vaknine Hananya , Brenner Ronen , Baschieri Francesco , Robert Aude , Khaled Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetastases are the major cause of cancer-related death, yet, molecular weaknesses that could be exploited to prevent tumor cells spreading are poorly known. Here, we found that perturbing hydrolase transport to lysosomes by blocking either the expression of IGF2R, the main receptor responsible for their trafficking, or GNPT, a transferase involved in the addition of the specific tag recognized by IGF2R, reduces melanoma invasiveness potential. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the perturbation of this traffic, leads to a compensatory lysosome neo-biogenesis devoided of degradative enzymes. This regulatory loop relies on the stimulation of TFEB transcription factor expression. Interestingly, the inhibition of this transcription factor playing a key role of lysosome production, restores melanomas’ invasive potential in the absence of hydrolase transport. These data implicate that targeting hydrolase transport in melanoma could serve to develop new therapies aiming to prevent metastasis by triggering a physiological response stimulating TFEB expression in melanoma.
G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1, amyloid-β, and tau tangles in older adults
Authors: Oveisgharan Shahram , Yu Lei , de Paiva Lopes Katia , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Tasaki Shinya , Vialle Ricardo , Menon Vilas , Wang Yanling , De Jager Philip L. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau tangles are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ is extracellular while tau tangles are typically intracellular, and it is unknown how these two proteinopathies are connected. Here, we use data of 1206 elders and test that RNA expression levels of GPER1, a transmembrane protein, modify the association of Aβ with tau tangles. GPER1 RNA expression is related to more tau tangles (p = 0.001). Moreover, GPER1 expression modifies the association of immunohistochemistry-derived Aβ load with tau tangles (p = 0.044). Similarly, GPER1 expression modifies the association between Aβ proteoforms and tau tangles: total Aβ protein (p = 0.030) and Aβ38 peptide (p = 0.002). Using single nuclei RNA-seq indicates that GPER1 RNA expression in astrocytes modifies the relation of Aβ load with tau tangles (p = 0.002), but not GPER1 in excitatory neurons or endothelial cells. We conclude that GPER1 may be a link between Aβ and tau tangles driven mainly by astrocytic GPER1 expression.
Hydrothermal sulfidation of biogenic magnetite produces framboid-like pyrite
Authors: Runge Eric , Mansor Muammar , Chiu Tsz Ho , Shuster Jeremiah , Fischer Stefan , Kappler Andreas , Duda Jan-Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiogenic magnetite is a potential biosignature for microbial iron cycling in hydrothermal sulfide systems, critical environments for unraveling the emergence and early evolution of life. However, the preservation potential of biogenic magnetite under hydrothermal conditions is poorly understood. Here, we show that the hydrothermal sulfidation of abiogenic and biogenic magnetite (sulfide/iron = 4, 80 °C) yields pyrite with various distinct morphologies, including framboid-like spheroids. We demonstrate that the variability in pyrite morphologies resulted from the modulation of pyritization rates by interrelated effects between organic matter and elemental sulfur (crystalline or colloidal). Notably, framboid-like pyrite, commonly considered a potential fingerprint of microbial sulfur cycling, was exclusively produced from the hydrothermal sulfidation of biogenic (i.e., organic matter-associated) magnetite produced by iron-cycling microorganisms. Thus, framboid-like pyrite can additionally be a taphonomic fingerprint of microbial iron cycling, enabling a better understanding of the evolution of Earth’s biosphere in deep time.
Altered mitochondrial function in fibroblast cell lines derived from disease carriers of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: James Rachel , Faller Kiterie M. E. , Groen Ewout J. N. , Wirth Brunhilde , Gillingwater Thomas H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive childhood-onset neuromuscular disease with a carrier frequency of ~1:50. Mitochondrial abnormalities are widespread in patients with SMA. Disease carriers for SMA (i.e., the parents of patients with SMA) are viewed as asymptomatic for SMA disease. As far as we are aware, mitochondria have not been previously examined in SMA carriers, yet as they are maternally inherited, mitochondrial function in SMA carriers has putative implications for disease pathogenesis.

Methods
Fibroblast cell lines derived from SMA carriers and controls were obtained from two different sources and cultured under standard conditions. The mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, citrate synthase activity, and bioenergetic analysis were examined as measures of mitochondrial function. The mitochondrial genome was also sequenced in a subset of the fibroblast cell lines to identify any mitochondrial DNA variants.

Results
Here, we show a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and reduced citrate synthase activity in SMA carriers compared with controls. A likely pathogenic variant in the MT-CO3 gene (which encodes subunit III of cytochrome c oxidase) was also identified in a paternal carrier.

Conclusions
This study was conducted as a preliminary investigation of mitochondrial function in SMA carriers. Our findings suggest that disease carriers of SMA show differences in mitochondrial function, indicative of a subclinical mitochondrial phenotype. Further investigation in a larger sample set is warranted.
Urbanization and regional climate change-linked warming of Indian cities
Authors: Sethi Soumya Satyakanta , Vinoj V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCities are vulnerable to the compounding effects of both climate change and urbanization. Here we show that urbanization alone has led to an overall 60% enhancement in warming in Indian cities, with eastern Tier-II cities leading the way. Such a difference in the urban contribution to warming over cities across India calls for a differential approach to combat urban warming effectively.
Challenges and opportunities on the utilisation of ionic liquid for biomass pretreatment and valorisation
Authors: Ovejero-Pérez Antonio , Nakasu Pedro Y. S. , Hopson Cynthia , Costa Josiel Martins , Hallett Jason P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiomass processing employing ionic liquids is already an established option at the laboratory scale. Ionic liquids can disrupt and deconstruct the lignocellulosic biomass network, giving rise to multiple options for valorisation. However, there is still much work remaining to accomplish the scale-up and commercialisation of ionic liquid-based biomass processing. Important issues such as ionic liquid cost and recyclability, among others, need to be carefully addressed. In addition, ionic liquids modify the structure and properties of the recovered materials, impacting potential applications. Due to the complex nature of ionic liquids, where multiple combinations of anions and cations are possible, these issues should be considered for each process and application, making it difficult to generalise for all cases. This perspective covers the main challenges and opportunities in the employment of ionic liquids for biomass processing, both in the biomass processing stage and in the valorisation of the recovered fractions. Among them, we discuss the importance of solvent recovery and costs as two critical issues to consider in biomass processing, as well as the major role lignin condensation plays in hindering ionoSolv lignin valorisation and different approaches to valorise the recovered cellulose.
Macrophage PET imaging in mouse models of cardiovascular disease and cancer with an apolipoprotein-inspired radiotracer
Authors: Toner Yohana C. , Prévot Geoffrey , van Leent Mandy M. T. , Munitz Jazz , Oosterwijk Roderick , Verschuur Anna Vera D. , van Elsas Yuri , Peric Vedran , Maas Rianne J. F. , Ranzenigo Anna , Morla-Folch Judit , Wang William , Umali Martin , de Dreu Anne , Fernandes Jessica Chimene , Sullivan Nathaniel A. T. , Maier Alexander , Mason Christian , Reiner Thomas , Fayad Zahi A. , Mulder Willem J. M. , Teunissen Abraham J. P. , Pérez-Medina Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMacrophages are key inflammatory mediators in many pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This makes macrophage burden a valuable diagnostic marker and several strategies to monitor these cells have been reported. However, such strategies are often high-priced, non-specific, invasive, and/or not quantitative. Here, we developed a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer based on apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which has an inherent affinity for macrophages. We radiolabeled an ApoA1-mimetic peptide (mA1) with zirconium-89 (89Zr) to generate a lipoprotein-avid PET probe (89Zr-mA1). We first characterized 89Zr-mA1’s affinity for lipoproteins in vitro by size exclusion chromatography. To study 89Zr-mA1’s in vivo behavior and interaction with endogenous lipoproteins, we performed extensive studies in wildtype C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- hypercholesterolemic mice. Subsequently, we used in vivo PET imaging to study macrophages in melanoma and myocardial infarction using mouse models. The tracer’s cell specificity was assessed by histology and mass cytometry (CyTOF). Our data show that 89Zr-mA1 associates with lipoproteins in vitro. This is in line with our in vivo experiments, in which we observed longer 89Zr-mA1 circulation times in hypercholesterolemic mice compared to C57BL/6 controls. 89Zr-mA1 displayed a tissue distribution profile similar to ApoA1 and HDL, with high kidney and liver uptake as well as substantial signal in the bone marrow and spleen. The tracer also accumulated in tumors of melanoma-bearing mice and in the ischemic myocardium of infarcted animals. In these sites, CyTOF analyses revealed that natZr-mA1 was predominantly taken up by macrophages. Our results demonstrate that 89Zr-mA1 associates with lipoproteins and hence accumulates in macrophages in vivo. 89Zr-mA1’s high uptake in these cells makes it a promising radiotracer for non-invasively and quantitatively studying conditions characterized by marked changes in macrophage burden.
Photo-driven electron transfer from FAPbBr3 perovskites nanocrystals to photodeactivatable 4-(phenylazo) benzoic acid
Authors: Sumreen Poshmal , Mukhtar Maria , Khalid Muhammad Adnan , Mubeen Muhammad , Kiran Laraib , Iqbal Amna , Iqbal Azhar 
Published: May 2024

Formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials due to narrow band emission and attachment of these NCs with photochromic molecules may help to design future photo-driven fluorescent probes with high colour-contrast.
Scholarly Activity during Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Dyess Nicolle F. , Myers Patrick , Dammann Christiane E.L. , Chess Patricia R. , Abramson Erika L. , Andy Caroline , Weiss Pnina 
Published: May 2024

Objective This study aimed to describe scholarly activity training during neonatal–perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship and factors associated with scholarship productivity.
Study Design NPM fellowship program directors (FPDs) were surveyed between March and October 2019, as part of a larger study of all pediatric subspecialty programs, to define barriers, resources, and productivity for fellow scholarly activity. High productivity was defined as >75% of fellows in a program in the last 5 years having a manuscript accepted for publication based on fellowship scholarly work.
Results Fifty-four percent (54/100) of NPM FPDs completed the survey. Nineteen fellowship programs (35%, 19/54) met the definition for high productivity. High productivity in scholarly activity was associated with a greater likelihood of having funds to conduct scholarship (p = 0.011), more protected months dedicated to scholarly activity (p = 0.03), and fellow extramural grant applications (submitted or accepted, p = 0.047). FPDs of productive programs were less likely to report lack of an adequate core research curriculum (p = 0.018), lack of adequate expertise on the fellowship scholarly oversight committee (p = 0.048), and lack of sufficient divisional mentorship (p = 0.048) as barriers to completion of scholarly activity during fellowship.
Conclusion Research funding, protected research time, established research mentors, and a research curriculum are associated with higher scholarly activity productivity among NPM fellowship programs. Further investment in these resources may improve scholarly activity productivity during fellowship training.
Key Points
Estrogenic Activity of Derris scandens Stem Extract and its Major Compounds Using MCF-7 Cell Proliferation Assay and Estrogen-Related Gene Expression
Authors: Sae-Foo Worapol , Yusakul Gorawit , Nualkaew Natsajee , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Derris scandens, which contains isoflavones and prenylated derivatives, has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties and is an ingredient in traditional Thai medicine for perimenopause and menopause. However, the estrogenic activity of D. scandens has not yet been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the estrogenic activity of the stem extract of D. scandens and its isoflavone derivatives. In this study, we conducted a proliferation assay in MCF-7 cells, and used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to assess gene expression. We found that the relative cell proliferation of the compounds (1 µM) was ranked in the following order as compared to 0.1 nM 17β-estradiol (100%): genistein (97.84%) > derrisisoflavone A (83.17%) > genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-glucopyranoside] (69.55%) > 6,8-diprenylgenistein (51.91%) > lupalbigenin (18.72%). Furthermore, cotreatment with 1 µM
lupalbigenin and 0.1 nM 17β-estradiol was performed, which decreased cell proliferation to 80.38%. In vitro results suggest that lupalbigenin has an estrogen-antagonistic effect. At a dose of 1 µM, genistein had the strongest efficacy in increasing the expression of human estrogen receptor β by 4.0-fold compared to the control. Furthermore, genistein-7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-glucopyranoside augmented the gene expression of human estrogen receptor α and human estrogen receptor β by 1.5- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Prenylated derivatives of genistein (derrisisoflavone A, 6,8-diprenylgenistein, and lupalbigenin) significantly suppressed the gene expression of the human androgen receptor. The administration of the crude extract at 10 µg/mL significantly suppressed human androgen receptor (0.6-fold) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (0.1-fold) expression but did not significantly affect human estrogen receptor
α and human estrogen receptor β gene expression. This herbal medicine may be safe for estrogen-exposed breast cancer patients.
Ex-Chiral-Pool Synthesis of Optically Active 4-Alkylidene-Tetrahydro­isoquinolines – Key Intermediates for Crinane Alkaloid Total Syntheses
Authors: Nubbemeyer Udo , Bernhard Stefan , Kümmerer Nadine , Urgast Dagmar , Hack Frederik , Ungelenk Julia , Frank Andrea , Schollmeyer Dieter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA seven-step ex-chiral-pool synthesis of optically active 4-alkylidenetetrahydroisoquinolines was developed. Starting from 6-bromopiperonal and (S)-serine esters, N-benzylation via reductive amination gave enantiopure N-piperonyl serine esters. Subsequent NH and OH protection delivered defined (S)-serine building blocks. The best results to achieve the conversion into the corresponding serinal were obtained via a two-step sequence of NaBH4/LiCl reduction and subsequent TEMPO oxidation. Then, chain elongation using the Masamune–Roush variant of the Horner olefination afforded ethyl (E)-4-(N-6-bromopiperonyl)-substituted pentenoates in high yields. Intramolecular Heck cyclization employing the Herrmann–Beller catalyst enabled generation of enantiopure 4-(2-ethoxycarbonylmethylidene)tetrahydroisoquinoline building blocks in high Z-selectivity. Subsequent selected functional group transformations gave carbinols and lactones, which can be used as key intermediates in crinane alkaloid total syntheses.
Redox-Neutral 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Buta-1,3-diene by Merging Decatungstate and Chromium Catalysis
Authors: Wang Pu-Sheng , Ding Du 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHomoallylic alcohol is a significantly useful intermediate in organic synthesis. Here we establish a three-component Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) type reaction of buta-1,3-diene, aldehydes, and aliphatic C–H partners by merging decatungstate and chromium catalysis, enabling a modular, redox-neutral, and atom-economic strategy to access a diverse range of homoallylic alcohols.
Post-Ugi Acid-Catalyzed Fragmentation and Trapping: An Unprecedented Approach towards Novel Bis(indolyl)acetamides
Authors: Modha Sachin G. , Bhoraniya Rinkal B. , Desai Shiv R. , Koladiya Mahesh , Bhopekar Vidhi V. , Patel Swati H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn unprecedented post-Ugi Brønsted acid catalyzed fragmentation followed by in situ trapping of the alkylideneindolenine intermediate by indole nucleophiles was developed to furnish novel bis(indolyl)acetamides. The amide fragment formed during this acid-catalyzed fragmentation of the Ugi adduct was also isolated and characterized. The carboxylic acid and amine components of the Ugi reaction were carefully chosen to permit a simple water wash for the removal of the amide fragment to obtain the desired bis(indolyl)acetamides in a pure form.
Advances in Immunooncology and Precision Medicine in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Brown Timothy J. , Karasic Thomas B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon but morbid cancer arising from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. CCA is frequently asymptomatic at early stages and is often unresectable or metastatic at the time of initial diagnosis. While chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for most patients with advanced disease, the addition of immunotherapy to frontline treatment has improved survival and provided an alternative to perpetual chemotherapy. Furthermore, a variety of targeted therapies have demonstrated benefit in patients with specific biomarkers including FGFR2 fusions, IDH1 mutations, HER2 overexpression, and tumor agnostic markers such as NTRK and RET fusions, among others. This review will summarize the established roles of immunotherapy, targeted therapies, and their combinations in CCA as well as treatment strategies that are under development with potential to impact clinical practice in the coming years.
Interrelatedness of Brand Love and Brand Hate: The Case of a Female Personal Political Brand in Finland
Authors: Aro Kaisa , Suomi Kati 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of two extreme brand relationships, namely brand love and brand hate, and their interrelatedness. This qualitative study employs abductive reasoning and naturally occurring, public, social media data. A political personal brand is chosen to represent an understudied, yet information-rich, context for both brand love and hate. This study shows that brand love and hate are conceptually close to each other and share several mechanisms, such as word of mouth (WOM), strong emotions and strong attitudes. Further, this study shows how these two brand relationships are publicly expressed in social media. This study provides guidance for brand managers in responding to expressions of brand love and hate and in understanding the interconnectivity between the underlying reasons customers express brand love and hate. Interestingly, this study shows how brand love and hate with a personal brand may have spill-over effects with organisations the personal brand presents and vice versa. The study contributes to the intersection of extreme brand relationships, personal branding and political branding.
Anticompetitive effect of drug name trademark registration: lessons from China
Authors: Shen Jun , Song Xiaoting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Chinese Trademark Law does not entirely exclude the possibility of generic names being registered as trademarks, which is inconsistent with the international standards. The necessity and rationality of allowing the trademark registration of drug names are worth of further research. This study analyzes the rules and cases that involve the trademark registration of drug names and makes comparisons with international counterparts. It displays that in Chinese judicial practices, drug name listed in the National Drug Standards may be registered as a trademark if it has acquired distinctive characteristics by use, which contradicts the nature of generic names and may exert an anticompetitive effect and have adverse implications on the development of the related drug industry and patient well-being. This study proposes that the drug name sign is different from descriptive sign, and cannot obtain distinctiveness through use. Based on the particularity of the drug industry, the trademark registration of drug names in the National Drug Standards should be prohibited. This arrangement is conductive to addressing the imbalance of interests among drug operators and safeguarding public health. This study can provide insights and policy recommendations for Chinese lawmakers offering a framework to reconcile trademark protection with the pharmaceutical industry’s unique characteristics and regulatory demands.