bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refraction color based contact detection for single cell micromanipulation: a cornerstone for precise automation
Authors: Qiu Jianxiong , Chen Anqi , Yan Mingyue , Zhi Pengxiang , Ye Yaling , Li Gangqiang , Wen Luhong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Single cell studies represent a cutting-edge field in life science. For cells growing on a soft substrate, a precise micromanipulation is indispensable in order for high-quality single-cell sampling. The foundation of micromanipulation is the accurate triaxial movement control, of which the major challenge lies in the z-axis positioning. Conventional methods rely on manual operation but are hampered by low efficiency. Resorting to additional sensors and cameras might help, whereas the system configuration becomes inevitably complicated. In this work, a vision-based approach utilizing interface refraction color is reported. By monitoring the color change induced by refraction during the contact process, we realized an accurate movement control of the end-effector. The reported method is capable of detecting the z-axis contact between the capillary tip and the substrate in a fully automated manner. Tested by 70 batches of a total of 3840 images, the proposed technique achieves an overall accuracy of 94.28% with precision of 2.73 μm, sufficing in the applications of single cell sampling. Detecting z-axis contact by interface refraction color marks an innovative computer vision method and it is proposed and validated in this work. Our method holds a promise of being a potent part of a close-loop control mechanism for automated single cell micromanipulation.
A method for the simultaneous determination of the soil dry density and moisture content based on thermal effects
Authors: Zeng Zizhen , Chen Jiang , Xiong Feng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The thermodynamic parameters of soil are affected by both dry density and moisture content, leading to uncertainty in measuring moisture content using the heat source method. This study proposes a combined approach using a back propagation (BP) neural network and the point heat resource method to simultaneously determine soil dry density and moisture content. The segmented mean value extracted from the temperature time-history data during the cooling process of the heat source serves as the feature input, while measured values of dry density and moisture content serve as outputs. A calibrated BP neural network model is trained and utilized for simultaneous determination of both parameters. Numerical simulations and modeling tests demonstrate good agreement between inverse identification results and measurements, with root mean square errors of 1.65% for moisture content and 34.09 kg∙m−3 for dry density, along with coefficients of determination at 0.9482 and 0.9359 respectively. It is proved that the method combining soil thermal effect and BP neural network to measure soil dry density and moisture content is feasible.
Potentiality of phosphide-based nanotubes for breast cancer detection: A DFT investigation
Authors: Rahman Aoly Ur , Saaduzzaman D M , Hasan Syed Mahedi , Sikder Md Kabir Uddin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most basilisk cancers for women due to its high mortality rate which can be prevented drastically with early-stage detection. In this work, the adsorption mechanism of two volatile organic compounds that are present in the breath of breast cancer patients, 2-Methyloctane and 3, 3-Dimethylpentane, has been investigated on aluminum phosphide nanotubes (AlPNT) and gallium phosphide nanotubes (GaPNT) in order to understand their feasibility as sensor materials to diagnosis breast cancer at early stage. We have used the quantum mechanical approach by employing density functional theory using B3LYP-D3 hybrid potential for noncovalent interaction along with the LanL2DZ basis in the Gaussian 09 software package. The adsorption properties analyses suggest that GaPNT exhibits better sensing behavior as well as proclaims 12.6% greater adsorption energy for 2-Methyloctane and 9.4% greater adsorption energy for 3, 3-Dimethylpentane than AlPNT. Other structural and electric properties analyses satisfy this conclusion and suggest that GaPNT exhibits higher stability than AlPNT and could possibly be a potential candidate for developing biosensors to detect breast cancer at the preliminary stages.
A greedy regularized block Kaczmarz method for accelerating reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Shen Yusong , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Hui , Li Yimeng , Zhao Jing , Tian Jie , Yang Guanyu , Hui Hui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging medical tomographic imaging modality that enables real-time imaging with high sensitivity and high spatial and temporal resolution. For the system matrix reconstruction method, the MPI reconstruction problem is an ill-posed inverse problem that is commonly solved using the Kaczmarz algorithm. However, the high computation time of the Kaczmarz algorithm, which restricts MPI reconstruction speed, has limited the development of potential clinical applications for real-time MPI. In order to achieve fast reconstruction in real-time MPI, we propose a greedy regularized block Kaczmarz method (GRBK) which accelerates MPI reconstruction. Approach. GRBK is composed of a greedy partition strategy for the system matrix, which enables preprocessing of the system matrix into well-conditioned blocks to facilitate the convergence of the block Kaczmarz algorithm, and a regularized block Kaczmarz algorithm, which enables fast and accurate MPI image reconstruction at the same time. Main results. We quantitatively evaluated our GRBK using simulation data from three phantoms at 20 dB, 30 dB, and 40 dB noise levels. The results showed that GRBK can improve reconstruction speed by single orders of magnitude compared to the prevalent regularized Kaczmarz algorithm including Tikhonov regularization, the non-negative Fused Lasso, and wavelet-based sparse model. We also evaluated our method on OpenMPIData, which is real MPI data. The results showed that our GRBK is better suited for real-time MPI reconstruction than current state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms in terms of reconstruction speed as well as image quality. Significance. Our proposed method is expected to be the preferred choice for potential applications of real-time MPI.
A comprehensive assessment of a prototype high ratio antiscatter grid in interventional cardiology using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Massera Rodrigo T , Dehairs Michiel , Verhoeven Hannelore , Bosmans Hilde , Marshall Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. To assess the performance of a new antiscatter grid design in interventional cardiology for image quality improvement and dose reduction using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Approach. Experimental measurements were performed on an angiography system, using a multi-layered tissue simulating composite phantom made from of poly(methyl methacrylate), aluminium and expanded polystyrene (2/0.2/0.7 cm). The total phantom thickness ranged from 20.3 cm to 40.6 cm. Four conditions were compared; (A) 105 cm source-image receptor distance (SID) without grid, (B
i) 105 cm SID with grid ratio (r) and strip density (N) (r15N80), (B
ii) 120 cm SID without grid, and (Biii) 120 cm SID with high ratio grid (r29N80). The system efficiency (η), defined by the signal-to-noise ratio, was compared from the B conditions against case A. These conditions were also simulated with MC techniques, allowing additional phantom compositions to be explored. Weighted image quality improvement factor (ηw
(u)) was studied experimentally at a specific spatial frequency due to the SID change. Images were simulated with an anthropomorphic chest phantom for the different conditions, and the system efficiency was compared for the different anatomical regions. Main results. Good agreement was found between the η and ηw
(u) methods using both measured and simulated data, with average relative differences between 2%–11%. Case B
iii provided higher η values compared to A, and B
i for thicknesses larger than 20.3 cm. In addition, case B
iii also provided higher η values for high attenuating areas in the anthropomorphic phantom, such as behind the spine. Significance. The new antiscatter grid design provided higher system efficiency compared to the standard grid for the parameters explored in this work.
A particle jamming soft gripper integration of annular microwedge adhesion
Authors: Liu Huimin , Cui Jing , Zhang Bolun , Li Minghao , Cai Jiazhen , Chu Zhongyi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A key challenge in robotics is developing efficient methods for grasping objects of different shapes, sizes, poses, and properties. In this study, we propose a positive pressure actuation gripper that combination of annular microwedge adhesion and particle jamming. The gripper comprises an elastic membrane enclosing a mass of granular material, allowing for control of the backing stiffness during contact. In the inflated state, the elastic membrane is stretched, generating centripetal loading force for annular microwedge adhesion. By transitioning into a negative pressure jammed state, a rigid backing stiffness is achieved to maintain adhesion stability, later reverting to atmospheric pressure enables the gripper to release the object. Consequently, this gripper through annular microwedge adhesion offers controllable adhesion for grip and release a wide range of objects that are typically challenging for current soft grippers, such as flat objects, soft objects, or objects with complex geometries. We fabricate the positive pressure actuation gripper and clarify its working mechanism for both flat and curved surfaces. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis is carried out to calculate the frictional stress of the elastic membrane when it is in contact with an object. Experimental results on contact area demonstrate the feasibility of positive pressure actuation mechanism for annulus microwedge adhesion. The payload test determines the parameters of the elastic membrane with the best adhesion performance. The final demonstration shows the applicability of this soft gripper in various scenarios.
A novel modeling approach for the magnetorheological brake system based on improved LSTM
Authors: Lu He , Peng Lai , Hua Dezheng , Liu Xinhua , Yao Rongbin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In order to model the magnetorheological brake system under long-term operation and different working conditions, a novel performance prediction approach based on an improved long short term memory (LSTM) model is proposed to solve this problem. The framework of the proposed approach is presented, and an improved sparrow search algorithm is designed to optimize the hyperparameters of LSTM. Moreover, the proposed prediction approach based on improved LSTM is designed and the flowchart of this approach is shown. In addition, the first simulation example was carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model compared with the artificial neural network model and the conventional geometric model. Finally, the other simulation example was designed to exhibit the superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared with other algorithms.
Developing self-calibrating system for fiber Bragg grating based guided wave sensing under changing temperature conditions
Authors: Soman Rohan , Kudela Pawel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have long been thought of as the ideal sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) due to their small size, light weight, ability to be embedded and ability to be multiplexed. So, FBG sensors have been commonly used for strain based SHM. In recent times, a renewed interest is seen in the use of FBG sensors for guided wave (GW) measurements using the edge filtering approach which increases the sensitivity several folds. They offer several unique opportunities for GW based SHM such as allowing mode filtering, acoustic coupling, etc. Unfortunately, more wide spread research is limited by the steep learning curve. Also, the use of FBG in real applications is still in its infancy due to the need of calibration of the system when the ambient temperature conditions change. This paper precisely tries to address these two shortcomings. For overcoming the steep learning curve, a detailed discussion on the hardware for the FBG based GW sensing is provided. Following the discussion a step-by-step approach is outlined for incorporating the sensors. A detailed trouble-shooting guide is developed based on the immense experience of the authors in this field. This exercise will allow easier adoption of the technique and stimulate more research in the topic. The exercise also allows us to highlight the safeguards and the features that need to be included in the system which will be self-calibrating. Once the design parameters are established a self-calibrating autonomous FBG based sensing system is developed. The developed system is tested in ambient conditions over an extended period in the day capturing the ambient temperature changes. The system is also tested in a larger temperature range (25 ∘C–65 ∘C). The results indicate that indeed the self-calibrating system works effectively. Some sensitivity studies to determine the performance in terms of system reaction time have also been provided. Such a ‘smart’ autonomous system for GW sensing has not been presented to the best of the author’s knowledge and is the key novelty of the presented work. Furthermore, the detailed discussions and troubleshooting guide will help introduce more people to this field of study which will lead to more radical development of the field.
Amorphous B coated Mg nanopowder induces low angle grain boundaries and enhances J
c of MgB2 wire
Authors: Xi Dan , Cai Xinwei , Wang Qingyang , Guo Chen , Li Li , Song Meng , Zhang Yan , Wang Dongliang , Ma Yanwei , Yan Guo , Wang Furen , Gan Zizhao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this work, amorphous B coated Mg nanopowder (BCMN) is synthesized and transport property of MgB2 superconducting wire is significantly enhanced with different contents of BCMN. BCMN has high reactivity since it contains nanoscale Mg and amorphous B. It allows to obtain MgB2 nanocrystals at only 400 °C with the compression of a lattice parameter and expansion of c lattice parameter compared to MgB2 formed by micron-sized Mg mixed with amorphous B (Mg + B) powders. These MgB2 nanocrystals serve as crystal nuclei and promote the crystallization and growth of MgB2. The mismatch of different lattice parameters prepared using BCMN and M + B powders induces low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) embedded in MgB2 grains. LAGBs act as plane defects, leading to a dominant surface pinning mechanism and an enhancement in the critical current density on the magnetic field (J
c(H)). At 4.2 K in 6 T, transport critical current density (J
ct) of wire with 20 wt.% BCMN is 6.7 × 104 A·cm−2, approximately 1.8 times wire with 0 wt.% BCMN.
Spatial coherent manipulation of Bessel-like vector vortex beam in atomic vapor
Authors: Zeng Xinji , Li Zhuang , Yang Xin , Xu Jianyi , Wang Jinwen , Wang Chengyuan , Quan Quan , Chen Haixia , Wei Dong , Gao Hong , Li Fuli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The interaction between vector beams and atoms under a weak magnetic field could induce spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on such a coherence effect, we propose a method for manipulating vector beams carrying spiral varying phases in hot rubidium atoms. When a transverse magnetic field (TMF) is applied, the transparent regions of the transmitted beam are strongly depend on the beam’s polarization distribution. In addition to the intensity modulation, the alignment of the TMF is reflected in the rotation of the central symmetric transmission patterns. In theory, we discuss the physical mechanism of the spiral EIT region generated by the phase profile, and analyze the influence of system parameters on this coherent process. Our work confirms that introducing additional radial phases can also lead to spatially dependent EIT, which extends another degree of freedom to manipulate atomic polarization. This will provide potential applications in light field manipulation and multi-dimensional quantum storage.
Analysis of shock wave propagation in the atmosphere through generated sound waves
Authors: Harutyunyan G.A. , Muradyan A.A. , Aramyan A.R. , Alexanyan H.A. , Sargsyan N.H. , Mkrtchyan L.S. , Harutyunyan V.G. , Khachikyan L.E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies of shock waves propagating in the atmosphere. These results were obtained by recording sound waves generated by a shock wave. It has been shown that it takes approximately two seconds for a shock wave to form. The frequency of the sound wave generated by the shock wave depends on the speed of propagation of the shock wave. It was found that the shock wave accelerates as it propagates upward. This phenomenon can be used as a method for determining the velocities of shock waves or supersonic moving bodies.
X-ray study of the density distribution of FFF-printed samples with different fill patterns
Authors: Bulavskaya A. , Bushmina E. , Grigorieva A. , Miloichikova I. , Stuchebrov S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional printing has a wide range of applications in science and
technology. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a commonly used 3D printing technology, which is
now being increasingly employed in radiation physics. In FFF, the internal structure of an object
is primarily determined by its fill pattern and selected print modes. Therefore, this study aims
to examine the interaction between X-rays and 3D-printed plastic samples with various infill
patterns. The 3D-printed objects were produced using FFF with plastic and different infill
patterns, including Rectilinear, Grid, Triangles, Stars, Honeycomb, Concentric, Archimedean
Chords, Gyroid, and Hilbert Curve. Infill densities of 80% and 90% were utilized. Tomographic
methods were applied to analyze the resulting samples. The study provides tomograms of the
internal structure for each infill pattern. It was observed that Rectilinear and Grid patterns
produced the most homogeneous samples. The findings of this study contribute to understanding of
the propagation of X-rays through 3D-printed plastic samples with complex internal structures.
Holographic entanglement renormalisation for fermionic quantum matter
Authors: Mukherjee Abhirup , Patra Siddhartha , Lal Siddhartha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate the emergence of a holographic dimension in a system of 2D non-interacting Dirac fermions placed on a torus, by studying the scaling of multipartite entanglement measures under a sequence of renormalisation group (RG) transformations applied in momentum space. Geometric measures defined in this emergent space can be related to the RG beta function of the spectral gap, hence establishing a holographic connection between the spatial geometry of the emergent spatial dimension and the entanglement properties of the boundary quantum theory. We prove, analytically, that changing the boundedness of the holographic space involves a topological transition accompanied by a critical Fermi surface in the boundary theory. We go on to show that this results in the formation of a quantum wormhole geometry that connects the UV and the IR of the emergent dimension. The additional conformal symmetry at the transition also supports a relation between the emergent metric and the stress-energy tensor. In the presence of an Aharonov–Bohm flux, the entanglement gains a geometry-independent piece which is shown to be topological, sensitive to changes in boundary conditions, and related to the Luttinger volume of the system. Upon the insertion of a strong transverse magnetic field, we show that the Luttinger volume is linked to the Chern number of the occupied single-particle Landau levels.
Gait dynamic stability evaluation in patients undergoing hip joint fractures – tools to measure rehabilitation effectiveness
Authors: Mahmood Imran , Maqbool Hafiz Farhan , Raza Anam , Iqbal Nadeem , Dehghani-Sanij Abbas A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A hip joint fracture includes a break in the thigh (femur) or coxa bone near the pelvis. During fracture healing, stability and weight bearing by the affected limb are key indicators to measure patients’ improvement. Conventionally, the rehabilitation effectiveness is monitored through clinical examinations, patients’ feedback, and few studies also reported instrumented gait evaluations. A gap remains there to numerically quantify the recovery in patients’ stability and weight bearing in response to rehabilitation therapies. This study introduces Nyquist and Bode (N&B) methods to analyse the instrumented gait signals further and evaluate gait stability in hip fracture patients during weight loading and unloading transitions. The centre of pressure (CoP) data was recorded using force plates for conditions: coxa hip fracture (HC), femur hip fracture (HF), and normal hip joint (NH). The time rate of CoP signals illustrated two major impulses during the loading and unloading phases which were modelled in time and frequency domains. The frequency models were further analysed by applying N&B methods and stability margins were computed for both impaired and healthy conditions. Results illustrated a significant decrease (Kruskal–Wallis’s test, p < 0.001) in the intralimb walking stability of both fracture conditions. Further, Spearman’s correlation between CoP velocities of fractured and intact limbs illustrated significant interlimb dependencies to maintain walking stability (p < 0.001) during weight loading and unloading transitions. Overall, the HF impairment illustrated the least intralimb walking stability and relatively greater interlimb dependencies. Clinically, these methods and findings are important to measure the recovery in patients undergoing rehabilitation after a hip joint or other lower limb impairments.
Dose equivalent consideration from neutron contamination in modified radiotherapy vault: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Saadatmand Pegah , Mahdavi Seied Rabi , Chegeni Nahid , Karimi Amir Hossein 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Laminated barriers incorporating metal sheets provide effective protection for space-restricted radiotherapy centers. This study aimed to assess photoneutron contamination in smaller vaults protected by different compositions of multilayer barriers during simulated pelvic radiotherapy with 18 MV photon beams. Monte Carlo Simulations of 18 MV LINAC (Varian 2100 C/D) and Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) phantom were used to assess photoneutron contamination within reconstructed vaults incorporating different combinations of metal sheet and borated polyethylene (BPE) during pelvic radiotherapy. The findings highlight a 3.27 and 2.91 times increase in ambient neutron dose

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(10) along the maze of reconstructed vaults that use lead and steel sheets, respectively, compared to concrete. The

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(10) outside the treatment room increased after incorporating a metal sheet, but it remained within the permissible limit of 20 μSv/week for uncontrolled areas adjacent to the LINAC bunker, even with a workload of 1000Gy/week. Neutron equivalent doses in the patient’s organs ranged from 0.22 to 0.96 mSv Gy−1. There is no notable distinction in the organ’s neutron equivalent dose, fatal cancer risk, secondary radiation-induced cancer risk, and cancer mortality for various laminated barrier compositions. Furthermore, the use of metal sheets for vault wall reconstruction keeps the variation in cancer risk induced by photoneutrons below 6%, while risks of fatal cancer and cancer mortality vary less than 11%. While the metal portion of the laminated barrier raises the neutron dose, the addition of a BPE plate reduces concerns of increased effective dose and secondary malignancy risk.