bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of treatment delay, migration and urbanicity in psychosis
Authors: Boonstra N. , Sterk B. , Wunderink L. , Sytema S. , De Haan L. , Wiersma D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundSeveral factors may contribute to duration of untreated psychosis (DUP): patient-delay, referral-delay and treatment-delay caused by mental health care services (MHS-delay). In order to find the most effective interventions to reduce DUP, it is important to know what factors in these pathways to care contribute to DUP.AimTo examine the relationship of the constituents of treatment delay, migration status and urbanicity.MethodIn first episode psychotic patients (n = 182) from rural, urban and highly urbanized areas, DUP, migration status and pathways to care were determined.ResultsMean DUP was 53.6 weeks (median 8.9, SD=116.8). Patient-delay was significantly longer for patients from highly urbanized areas and for first generation immigrants. MHS-delay was longer for patients who were treated already by MHS for other diagnoses.ConclusionsSpecific interventions are needed focusing on patients living in highly urbanized areas and first generation immigrants in order to shorten patient delay. MHS should improve early detection of psychosis in patients already in treatment for other diagnosis.
The status of maternal and newborn care services in Sierra Leone 8 years after ceasefire
Authors: Oyerinde Koyejo , Harding Yvonne , Amara Philip , Kanu Rugiatu , Shoo Rumishael , Daoh Kizito 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a needs assessment for emergency obstetric care (EmOC) to address the unacceptably high maternal and newborn mortality indices in Sierra Leone 8 years after the end of the civil war.MethodsFrom June to August 2008, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted of health facilities in Sierra Leone offering delivery services. Assessment tools were local adaptations of tools developed by the Averting Maternal Death and Disability program at Columbia University, New York, USA.ResultsThere were enough comprehensive EmOC (CEmOC) facilities in the country but they were poorly distributed. There were no basic EmOC (BEmOC) facilities. Few facilities (37% of hospitals and 2% of health centers) were able to perform assisted vaginal delivery (AVD), and 3 potentially BEmOC facilities did not meet the standard only because they did not perform AVD. Severe shortages in staff, equipment, and supplies, and unsatisfactory supply of utilities severely hampered the delivery of quality EmOC services. Demand for maternity and newborn services was low, which may have been related to the poor quality and the high/unpredictable out‐of‐pocket cost of such services.ConclusionSignificant increases in the uptake of institutional delivery services, the linkage of remote health workers to the health system, and the recruitment of midwives, in addition to rapid expansion in the training of health workers (including training in midwifery and obstetric surgery skills), are urgently needed to improve the survival of mothers and newborns.
The supremacy of singular subjectivity: Improving decision quality by removing objective specifications and direct comparisons
Authors: Yang Adelle X. , Hsee Christopher K. , Liu Yi , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhen making purchase decisions, consumers want objective product specifications and seek direct product comparison. The present research demonstrates that consumers can make better decisions (i.e., choose what yields a better consumption experience) if objective specifications are removed and direct comparison is inhibited than if not, and this is true even if consumers cannot experience the target products themselves at the time of choice (such as in online shopping). The reason is that consumption is largely subjective and non‐comparative, and decisions based on subjective and non‐comparative information are often more compatible with consumption. In general discussion, we explore the boundary conditions of our findings and the implications of this research for a new way of marketing that emphasizes subjectivity over objectivity and non‐comparison over comparison.
Geodynamic evolution of Upper Cretaceous Zagros ophiolites: formation of oceanic lithosphere above a nascent subduction zone
Authors: SHAFAII MOGHADAM HADI , STERN ROBERT J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Zagros fold-and-thrust belt of SW Iran is a young continental convergence zone, extending NW–SE from eastern Turkey through northern Iraq and the length of Iran to the Strait of Hormuz and into northern Oman. This belt reflects the shortening and off-scraping of thick sediments from the northern margin of the Arabian platform, essentially behaving as the accretionary prism for the Iranian convergent margin. Distribution of Upper Cretaceous ophiolites in the Zagros orogenic belt defines the northern limit of the evolving suture between Arabia and Eurasia and comprises two parallel belts: (1) Outer Zagros Ophiolitic Belt (OB) and (2) Inner Zagros Ophiolitic Belt (IB). These belts contain complete (if disrupted) ophiolites with well-preserved mantle and crustal sequences. Mantle sequences include tectonized harzburgite and rare ultramafic–mafic cumulates as well as isotropic gabbro lenses and isolated dykes within the harzburgite. Crustal sequences include rare gabbros (mostly in IB ophiolites), sheeted dyke complexes, pillowed lavas and felsic rocks. All Zagros ophiolites are overlain by Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestone. Limited radiometric dating indicates that the OB and IB formed at the same time during Late Cretaceous time. IB and OB components show strong suprasubduction zone affinities, from mantle harzburgite to lavas. This is shown by low whole-rock Al2O3and CaO contents and spinel and orthopyroxene compositions of mantle peridotites as well as by the abundance of felsic rocks and the trace element characteristics of the lavas. Similarly ages, suprasubduction zone affinities and fore-arc setting suggest that the IB and OB once defined a single tract of fore-arc lithosphere that was disrupted by exhumation of subducted Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone metamorphic rocks. Our data for the OB and IB along with better-studied ophiolites in Cyprus, Turkey and Oman compel the conclusion that a broad and continuous tract of fore-arc lithosphere was created during Late Cretaceous time as the magmatic expression of a newly formed subduction zone developed along the SW margin of Eurasia.
Virtual Observatories
Authors: Genova Françoise 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAstronomy has been at the forefront among scientific disciplines for the sharing of data, and the advent of the World Wide Web has produced a revolution in the way astronomers do science. The recent development of the concept of Virtual Observatory builds on these foundations. This is one of the truly global endeavours of astronomy, aiming at providing astronomers with seamless access to data and tools, including theoretical data. Astronomy on-line resources provide a rare example of a world-wide, discipline-wide knowledge infrastructure, based on internationally agreed interoperability standards.
Popularising science through astronomy, an Algerian experience in grassroot activism and its academic spin-off
Authors: Mimouni Jamal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe relate the success story of an amateur astronomy association based at Constantine, which has spearheaded the efforts of spreading astronomy and scientific culture in Algeria. This association has organised throughout the past decade many activities from large national yearly gatherings to a weekly radio program, through public sighting campaigns. It has been instrumental in the establishment of a pluri-university graduate study program in astrophysics, the so called Ecole Doctorale d'Astrophysique (EDA), the first of its kind in Algeria. We describe in particular how astronomers from various parts of Algeria involved in amateur astronomy have known each other, and banded together to the point of constituting a critical size group able to set up such a national graduate program with plans for the establishment of the first observatory in our country, the Aurès Observatory in Eastern Algeria Aurès mountain range. A strong interest for the project has been shown by the astronomical community, some site testing undertaken, and international collaboration sought. With some dedicated support, its foundation could take place within the year 2009. Could IAY2009 be turned into an annus mirabilis for Algeria and a showcase for the astronomy community worldwide with behind it a textbook case of synergy between amateur astronomy and academic endeavor in the astronomical sciences?
Pharmacotherapy and Pregnancy: Highlights from the Third International Conference for Individualized Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy
Authors: Haas David M. , Gallauresi Beverly , Shields Kristine , Zeitlin Deborah , Clark Shannon M. , Hebert Mary F. , Ren Zhaoxia , Nallani Srikanth C. , Meslin Eric M. , Feibus Karen B. , Koren Gideon , Goebel W. Scott , Easterling Thomas , Denne Scott C. , Flockhart David A. , Renbarger Jamie L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo address provider struggles to provide evidence‐based, rational drug therapy to pregnant women, this third Conference was convened to highlight the current progress and research in the field. Speakers from academic centers, industry, and governmental institutions spoke about: the Food and Drug Administration’s role in pregnancy pharmacology and the new labeling initiative; drug registries in pregnancy; the pharmacist’s role in medication use in pregnancy; therapeutic areas such as preterm labor, gestational diabetes, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, and hypertension; breast‐feeding and medications; ethical challenges for consent in pregnancy drug studies; the potential for cord blood banks; and concerns about the fetus when studying drugs in pregnancy. The Conference highlighted several areas of collaboration within the current Obstetrics Pharmacology Research Units Network and hoped to educate providers, researchers, and agencies with the common goal to improve the ability to safely and effectively use individualized pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 204–209
Assessment of scatter for the micro‐CT subsystem of the trimodality FLEX Triumph™ preclinical scanner
Authors: Gutierrez Daniel , Zaidi Habib 
Published: June 2011

Purpose:This work aims at assessing, through experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations, the scatter to primary ratio (SPR) for the micro‐CT subsystem of the FLEX Triumph™ preclinical PET‐CT scanner to improve its quantitative capabilities.Methods:Experimental measurements were carried out using the single blocker method, where five cylindrical blockers with diameters ranging between 3 and 11.65 mm were used to assess the SPR without the blocker through interpolation. Because of the vertical layout of the imaging device, the blocker was placed over rat‐sized and mouse‐sized phantoms and central and peripheral SPR values were obtained by rotating the source and detector. The influence of beam energy (30, 50, and 80 kVp), geometrical magnification (1.3 and 2.0) and phantom diameter (25 and 50 mm) and density (polyethylene and water) were investigated. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the MCNP4C code were also performed and compared to experimental results to validate their accuracy.Results:The highest difference was found in the extreme peripheral region of the small phantom, while the maximum difference at the center of the phantom is about 6%, indicating that MC simulations can reproduce well the experimental results, at least in the region inside the phantom. The maximal SPR (0.562) was obtained for the large phantom at 30 kVp and a magnification of 1.3. The full SPR profile was calculated using MC simulations and used to express its dependency on beam energy (quadratic), air gap (asymptotic), and phantom diameter (quadratic).Conclusions:The obtained results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. MC simulations were valuable for the evaluation of the influence of various acquisition parameters on the SPR estimates.
Combinations of Macrolide Resistance Determinants in Field Isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Desmolaize Benoit , Rose Simon , Wilhelm Cornelia , Warrass Ralf , Douthwaite Stephen 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Respiratory tract infections in cattle are commonly associated with the bacterial pathogens
Mannheimia haemolytica
and
Pasteurella multocida
. These infections can generally be successfully treated in the field with one of several groups of antibiotics, including macrolides. A few recent isolates of these species exhibit resistance to veterinary macrolides with phenotypes that fall into three distinct classes. The first class has type I macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotic resistance and, consistent with this, the 23S rRNA nucleotide A2058 is monomethylated by the enzyme product of the
erm
(42) gene. The second class shows no lincosamide resistance and lacks
erm
(42) and concomitant 23S rRNA methylation. Sequencing of the genome of a representative strain from this class,
P. multocida
3361, revealed macrolide efflux and phosphotransferase genes [respectively termed
msr
(E) and
mph
(E)] that are arranged in tandem and presumably expressed from the same promoter. The third class exhibits the most marked drug phenotype, with high resistance to all of the macrolides tested, and possesses all three resistance determinants. The combinations of
erm
(42),
msr
(E), and
mph
(E) are chromosomally encoded and intermingled with other exogenous genes, many of which appear to have been transferred from other members of the
Pasteurellaceae
. The presence of some of the exogenous genes explains recent reports of resistance to additional drug classes. We have expressed recombinant versions of the
erm
(42),
msr
(
E
), and
mph
(
E
) genes within an isogenic
Escherichia coli
background to assess their individually contributions to resistance. Our findings indicate what types of compounds might have driven the selection for these resistance determinants.
Reduction in Membrane Phosphatidylglycerol Content Leads to Daptomycin Resistance in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hachmann Anna-Barbara , Sevim Elif , Gaballa Ahmed , Popham David L. , Antelmann Haike , Helmann John D. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic lipopeptide that disrupts the functional integrity of the cell membranes of Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca
2+
-dependent manner. Here we present genetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses of an evolved DAP-resistant isolate, Dap
R
1, from the model bacterium
Bacillus subtilis
168. Dap
R
1 was obtained by serial passages with increasing DAP concentrations, is 30-fold more resistant than the parent strain, and displays cross-resistance to vancomycin, moenomycin, and bacitracin. Dap
R
1 is characterized by aberrant septum placement, notably thickened peptidoglycan at the cell poles, and pleiotropic alterations at both the transcriptome and proteome levels. Genome sequencing of Dap
R
1 revealed 44 point mutations, 31 of which change protein sequences. An intermediate isolate that was 20-fold more resistant to DAP than the wild type had only three of these point mutations: mutations affecting the cell shape modulator gene
mreB
, the stringent response gene
relA
, and the phosphatidylglycerol synthase gene
pgsA
. Genetic reconstruction studies indicated that the
pgsA
(
A64V
) allele is primarily responsible for DAP resistance. Allelic replacement with wild-type
pgsA
restored DAP sensitivity to wild-type levels. The additional point mutations in the evolved strain may contribute further to DAP resistance, serve to compensate for the deleterious effects of altered membrane composition, or represent neutral changes. These results suggest a resistance mechanism by which reduced levels of phosphatidylglycerol decrease the net negative charge of the membrane, thereby weakening interaction with the positively charged Ca
2+
-DAP complex.
Ductile flow in the metamorphic rocks of central Sulawesi
Authors: Watkinson Ian M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Metamorphic rocks exposed along the Palu-Koro Fault of west-central Sulawesi, Indonesia, show abundant evidence of non-coaxial ductile deformation. The deformed rocks include gneisses, amphibolites and schists, that form part of a regionally metamorphosed basement complex of Mesozoic–Precambrian Australian (Gondwanan) origin. In the Palu and Neck regions of Sulawesi, ductile shear fabrics record low-angle westward extension. Further south in the Palu valley, extension is directed towards the south and SW, along with gently-dipping ductile thrust fabrics. Vergence exceptions are common at both outcrop and kilometre scale. Cross-cutting granitic dykes place some constraint on the timing of ductile foliation formation. In the neck region of Sulawesi, it occurred before
c
. 44–33.7 Ma. In the central and northern Palu valley, to the south, it occurred before 5–3.5 Ma. The timing and orientation of non-coaxial strain precludes its origin as a result of Palu-Koro Fault activity. Instead, ductile flow occurred during either Eocene–Miocene mid-crustal extension above a metamorphic core complex, Cretaceous subduction-related deformation in the over-riding plate, or intracontinental deformation within Gondwana.
A low-latency, high-throughput on-chip optical router architecture for future chip multiprocessors
Authors: Cianchetti Mark J. , Albonesi David H. 
Published: June 2011

Tens and eventually hundreds of processing cores are projected to be integrated onto future microprocessors, making the global interconnect a key component to achieving scalable chip performance within a given power envelope. While CMOS-compatible nanophotonics has emerged as a leading candidate for replacing global wires beyond the 16nm timeframe, on-chip optical interconnect architectures are typically limited in scalability or are dependent on comparatively slow electrical control networks.
In this article, we present a hybrid electrical/optical router for future large scale, cache coherent multicore microprocessors. The heart of the router is a low-latency optical crossbar that uses predecoded source routing and switch state preconfiguration to transmit cache-line-sized packets several hops in a single clock cycle under contentionless conditions. Overall, our optical router achieves 2X better network performance than a state-of-the-art electrical baseline in a mesh topology while consuming 30% less network power.
FGFR Signaling Promotes the Growth of Triple-Negative and Basal-Like Breast Cancer Cell Lines Both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Sharpe Rachel , Pearson Alex , Herrera-Abreu Maria T. , Johnson Damian , Mackay Alan , Welti Jonathan C. , Natrajan Rachael , Reynolds Andrew R. , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Ashworth Alan , Turner Nicholas C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The oncogenic drivers of triple-negative (TN) and basal-like breast cancers are largely unknown. Substantial evidence now links aberrant signaling by the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) to the development of multiple cancer types. Here, we examined the role of FGFR signaling in TN breast cancer.
Experimental Design: We examined the sensitivity of a panel of 31 breast cancer cell lines to the selective FGFR inhibitor PD173074 and investigated the potential mechanisms underlying sensitivity.
Results: TN breast cancer cell lines were more sensitive to PD173074 than comparator cell lines (P = 0.011), with 47% (7/15) of TN cell lines showing significantly reduced growth. The majority of TN cell lines showed only modest sensitivity to FGFR inhibition in two-dimensional growth but were highly sensitive in anchorage-independent conditions. PD173074 inhibited downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase and PI3K–AKT signaling and induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Basal-like breast cancer cell lines were found to express FGF2 ligand (11/21 positive) and, similarly, 62% of basal-like breast cancers expressed FGF2, as assessed by immunohistochemistry compared with 5% of nonbasal breast cancers (P &lt; 0.0001). RNA interference targeting of FGF2 in basal-like cell lines significantly reduced growth in vitro and reduced down stream signaling, suggesting an autocrine FGF2 signaling loop. Treatment with PD173074 significantly reduced the growth of CAL51 basal-like breast cancer cell line xenografts in vivo.
Conclusions: Basal-like breast cancer cell lines, and breast cancers, express autocrine FGF2 and show sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, identifying a potential novel therapeutic approach for these cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5275–86. ©2011 AACR.
A Phase II Study of Pazopanib in Asian Patients with Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Wan-Teck , Ng Quan-Sing , Ivy Percy , Leong Swan-Swan , Singh Onkar , Chowbay Balram , Gao Fei , Thng Choon Hua , Goh Boon-Cher , Tan Daniel Shao-Weng , Koh Tong San , Toh Chee-Keong , Tan Eng-Huat 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic in Asia and angiogenesis is important for growth and progression. We hypothesized that pazopanib would have antiangiogenic activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Experimental Design: A single arm monotherapy study of pazopanib in patients with WHO type II/III nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had metastatic/recurrent disease and failed at least one line of chemotherapy. A Simon's optimal 2-stage design was used. Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 and adequate organ function were treated with pazopanib 800 mg daily on a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CR/PR/SD) achieved after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included toxicity and progression-free survival. Exploratory studies of dynamic-contrast enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) paired with pharmacokinetics (PK) of pazopanib was done.
Results: Thirty-three patients were accrued. Patients were ECOG 0-1 with median age of 50 years (range 36–68). There were 2 (6.1%) partial responses, 16 (48.5%) stable disease, 11 (33.3%) progressive disease, 4 (12.1%) were not evaluable for response. The clinical benefit rate was 54.5% (95% CI: 38.0–70.2). Ten patients (30.3%) received more than 6 cycles (4 months) of treatment and 7 (21.2%) had PR/SD that lasted at least 6 months. One patient each died from epistaxis and myocardial infarction. Common grade 3/4 toxicities included fatigue (15.2%), hand-foot syndrome (15.2%), anorexia (9.1%), diarrhea (6.1%), and vomiting (6.1%). Serial DCE-CT scans show significant reductions in tumor blood flow, permeability surface area product, and fractional intravascular blood volume.
Conclusion: Pazopanib showed encouraging activity in heavily pretreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with an acceptable toxicity profile. Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5481–9. ©2011 AACR.
Getting Personal with Melanoma
Authors: Heslop Helen 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Long-term follow-up of patients with metastatic melanoma who received adoptive immunotherapy with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes shows that patients who attained complete remission had durable responses, with 19 of 20 such patients remaining in remission from 3 to 7 years or more. Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4189–91. ©2011 AACR.