bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negated Participles in Rgvedic Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Lowe John 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn Rgvedic Sanskrit present participles built to transitive roots regularly follow their corresponding finite forms in relation to argument structure. Of those participles whose argument structure differs from that of the corresponding finite forms (most often because they lack the ability to govern an accusative object), some may have originated as adjectives or may have become adjectivized. A particular group of present participles in the Rgveda which tend to remain intransitive even when formed to transitive roots are negated participles, i.e. participles compounded with the negative prefix á(n)-. This is explained by assuming that the combining of a participle with the negative prefix was originally a process of adjectival derivation. Support for this hypothesis comes from a consideration of the two forms of the negated present participle of the verb √as 'be', namely ásant- and āsant-.
The Seeds of Satan: Conceptions of Magic in Contemporary Satanism
Authors: Petersen Jesper Aagaard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAufbauend auf einer Unterscheidung zwischen "Esoterisierung" und Säkularisierung, behandelt der Artikel Theorien und Praktiken der Magie im modernen religiösen Satanismus. Was wir heute unter selbsternannten Satanisten finden, ist nicht das absolute Böse, sondern Weltanschauungen, die auf eklektischen Aneignungen einer breiten Palette kulturellen Materials gründen, und auf dieser Basis durch Inversion, Säuberung und Kombination positive Identitäten zu errichten und zu verstärken suchen. Diese Identitäten und Weltanschauungen werden wiederum vor allem praktiziert: Durch Magie, schaffen Satanisten Umgebungen zur Selbstverwirklichung, in Form von magischen Rollen, magischen Ritualen, neuen Umwelten, ästhetischen Darbietungen und Kunstwerken. Ich beginne mit einer Untersuchung der dualen Natur magischer Praktiken: Magie wird sowohl als utilitaristisches Werkzeug und als ein Ausdruck des Selbst verstanden, und aus dem Blickwinkel von "Esoterisierung" und Säkularisierung analysiert. Im Anschluss daran gebe ich in diesem Rahmen einen Überblick über typische anleitende Handbücher, Skripte und magische Praktiken innerhalb des "Satanischen Milieus". Es soll gezeigt werden, wie die Versöhnung, das Zelebrieren oder Transzendieren der Gegensätze zwischen "wissenschaftlich" und "esoterisch", authentisch und künstlich, sowie zwischen Selbst und Umwelt, Kernpunkte des gegenwärtigen satanischen Diskurses sind.
“We have come from the well of Ibhet”: Ethnogenesis of the Medjay
Authors: Liszka Kate 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Our current understanding of the ancient Nubian people called the Medjay has been informed by textual and artistic representations created by the ancient Egyptians. By studying these sources, Egyptologists have argued that the Medjay were an ethnic group living in the Eastern Desert near the Second Cataract. Yet these studies exhibit an Egyptocentric bias, in which the Egyptian sources have been interpreted literally. This paper reexamines Egyptian references to the Medjay before the New Kingdom and demonstrates how the Egyptians conceptualized and fostered the creation of a Medjay ethnicity. The Egyptians perceived the people of the Eastern Desert near Lower Nubia as one unified ethnic group. Yet these people were not politically unified and did not identify themselves as Medjay until the middle of the Twelfth Dynasty. Increased interaction between the Egyptians and the people of the Eastern Desert caused certain pastoral nomads to adopt the term “Medjay.” Whatever role ethnicity may have played in their society previously, ethnogenesis of a “Medjay” ethnic group began towards the middle of the Twelfth Dynasty.
Quantification of the Small-Scale Spatial Structure of the Raindrop Size Distribution from a Network of Disdrometers
Authors: Jaffrain Joël , Berne Alexis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe spatial structure of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) conveys crucial information for reliable quantitative estimation of rainfall using remote sensing techniques. To investigate this question, a network of 16 optical disdrometers has been deployed over a typical weather radar pixel (~1 × 1 km2) in Lausanne, Switzerland. A set of 36 rainfall events has been classified according to three types: convective, transitional, and frontal. In a first step, the spatial structure of the DSD is quantified using spatial correlation for comparison with the literature, showing good agreement with previous studies. The spatial structure of important quantities related to the DSD—namely, the total concentration of drops Nt, the mass-weighted diameter Dm, and the rain rate R—is quantified using variograms. Results clearly highlight that DSD fields are organized and not randomly distributed even at a scale below 1 km. Moreover, convective-type rainfall exhibits larger variability of the DSD than do transitional and frontal rainfall. The temporal resolution is shown to have an influence on the results: increasing time steps tend to decrease the spatial variability. This study presents a possible application of such information by quantifying the error associated with the use of point measurements as areal estimates at larger scales. Analyses have been conducted for different sizes of domain ranging from 100 × 100 to 1000 × 1000 m2. As expected, this error is increasing with the size of the domain. For instance, for a domain of ~1000 × 1000 m2, the error associated with rain-rate estimates is on the order of 25% for all types of rain.
Epidemiology of Clinical Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Solares C. Arturo , Lee Ken , Parmar Priya , O’Rourke Peter , Panizza Benedict 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundPerineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CSCCHN) is associated with decreased survival. Large‐nerve PNI presents with clinical signs and symptoms and/or magnetic resonance imaging evidence of cranial nerve involvement. We sought to determine which variables predict a worse outcome and to analyze patterns of failure.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsPatients with large‐nerve PNI from CSCCHN between 1996 and 2006 were identified from a prospectively collected database. Clinical and demographic variables were recorded. Local control rates and survival analysis were performed using Kaplan‐Meier curves.ResultsThirty‐six patients were identified (28 men and 8 women). The mean age was 61 years. Twenty‐nine were treated with curative intent, and 7 received palliation. The mean follow‐up was 35 months. Involvement of V3, disease zone, and the type of therapy were significantly associated with overall survival (P <. 05). The 5‐year disease‐free survival for patients by therapy was 50% for subcranial surgeries, 53.6% for skull base surgery, and 0% for radiation and palliative therapies (P <. 001). None of the patients treated with a skull base resection had a central recurrence, while all patients who received palliation had a central failure.ConclusionsDisease extent, type of therapy, and involvement of V3 are all significant predictors of survival in PNI from CSCCHN. We confirmed that the natural history of the disease is central progression and that this can be halted, if detected early enough, by a properly planned skull base resection.
Effects of gait rehabilitation with a footpad-type locomotion interface in patients with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis: a pilot study
Authors: Tanaka Naoki , Saitou Hideyuki , Takao Toshifumi , Iizuka Noboru , Okuno Junko , Yano Hiroaki , Tamaoka Akira , Yanagi Hisako 
Published: January 2012

Objective: We developed a footpad-type locomotion interface called the GaitMaster. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of gait rehabilitation using the GaitMaster in chronic stroke patients. Design: Randomized cross-over design. Setting: An outpatient department. Subjects: Twelve patients with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. Intervention: In group A, patients underwent an ‘intervention phase’ followed by a ‘non-intervention phase’, whereas in group B, patients underwent the non-intervention phase first, followed by the intervention phase. In the four- or six-week intervention phase, participants underwent twelve 20-minute sessions of gait rehabilitation using the GaitMaster4. Main outcome measures: We measured gait speed and timed up-and-go test. Results: No differences between the two groups were observed in the baseline clinical data. For the combined groups A and B, the maximum gait and timed up-and-go test speeds improved significantly only in the intervention phase ( P = 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The percentages of improvement from baseline at the end of GaitMaster training were 16.6% for the maximum gait speed and 8.3% for the timed up-and-go test. The effect size for GaitMaster4 training was 0.58 on the maximum gait speed and 0.43 on the timed up-and-go test. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that gait rehabilitation using the GaitMaster4 was a feasible training method for chronic stroke patients. Calculation of the sample size indicated that a sample size of 38 participants would be adequate to test a null hypothesis of nil benefit additional to routine rehabilitation for chronic stroke patients in a future randomized controlled trial.
Organizational- and employee-level recruitment into a worksite-based weight loss study
Authors: Linnan Laura , Tate Deborah F , Harrington Cherise B , Brooks-Russell Ashley , Finkelstein Eric , Bangdiwala Shrikant , Birken Ben , Britt Ashley 
Published: January 2012

Background Based on national estimates, the majority of working adults are overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity are associated with diminished health, productivity, and increased medical costs for employers. Worksite-based weight loss interventions are desirable from both employee and employer perspectives. Purpose To investigate organizational- and employee-level participation in a group-randomized controlled worksite-based weight loss trial. Methods Using a set of inclusion criteria and pre-established procedures, we recruited worksites (and overweight/obese employees from enrolled worksites) from the North Carolina Community College System to participate in a weight loss study. Recruitment results at the worksite (organization) and employee levels are described, along with an assessment of representativeness. Results Eighty-one percent (48/59) of community colleges indicated initial interest in participating in the weight loss study, and of those, 17 colleges were enrolled. Few characteristics distinguished enrolled community colleges from unenrolled colleges in the overall system. Eligible employees ( n = 1004) at participating colleges were enrolled in the weight loss study. On average, participants were aged 46.9 years (SD = 12.1 years), had a body mass index (BMI) of 33.6 kg/m2 (SD = 7.9 kg/m2), 83.2% were White, 13.3% African American, 82.2% female, and 41.8% reported holding an advanced degree (master’s or doctoral degree). Compared with the larger North Carolina Community College employee population, participants most often were women, but few other differences were observed. Limitations Employees with reduced computer access may have been less likely to participate, and limited data on unenrolled individuals or colleges were available. Conclusions Community colleges are willing partners for weight loss intervention studies, and overweight/obese employees were receptive to joining a weight loss study offered in the workplace. The results from this study are useful for planning future worksite-based weight loss interventions and research studies that achieve high participation rates at the employee and organizational levels.
Comparison of characteristics and outcomes by initial study contact (website versus staff) for participants enrolled in a weight management study
Authors: Funk Kristine L , Elder Charles R , Lindberg Nangel M , Gullion Christina M , DeBar Lynn L , Meltesen Gayle , Stevens Victor J 
Published: January 2012

Background Traditional recruitment methods for clinical trials, such as telephone, mail, and print media, are often inefficient, costly, and use large amounts of staff time and resources. Purpose This analysis was conducted to determine whether retention, demographics, and outcomes differed between enrolled participants who responded to recruitment outreach using an Internet-based information and registration system and enrollees whose first contact was with study staff via telephone. Methods We identified potentially eligible participants from Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) databases and mailed brochures inviting them to participate in the Life weight loss maintenance study. We also used employee newsletters, a member-directed website, and messages to employee email distribution lists to publicize the study. All outreach methods contained both a website address and a telephone number through which respondents could register for an information session. The website contained the same information as was provided by staff over the telephone. Results Out of 2122 potential participants who expressed interest in the study, 70% did so through the website. There was no difference in retention rates between enrollees who initiated contact through the website (WEB = 308) and enrollees who contacted the study by telephone (staff = 161). The WEB group was younger ( p = 0.01), had higher income ( p = 0.01) and education ( p < 0.01) levels, and lower body mass index (BMI; p < 0.01). There was a trend toward greater weight loss in the WEB group ( p = 0.06). Limitations We did not conduct a formal cost analysis of the two methods. Also, the population for this analysis was mostly Caucasian and middle income; thus, we cannot draw conclusions about the generalizability of our findings to more racially and economically diverse populations. Conclusion Enrolled participants who used a website to register for an initial study information session had similar study retention and outcome performance as enrollees who used a more traditional telephone method. For larger clinical trials, a website may help researchers more efficiently and cost-effectively achieve recruitment, eligibility, and randomization goals. More research is needed to determine whether similar recruitment and retention patterns are observed among racially and economically diverse populations when these and similar methods are compared.
A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Bioavailability and Food Effect of 2 Solid‐Dispersion Formulations of the TRPV1 Antagonist ABT‐102, Relative to the Oral Solution Formulation, in Healthy Human Volunteers
Authors: Othman Ahmed A. , Cheskin Howard , Locke Charles , Nothaft Wolfram , Dutta Sandeep 
Published: January 2012

AbstractABT‐102 is a selective TRPV1 antagonist designed for treatment of nociceptive pain. The objective of this study was to characterize the bioavailability and the food effect of 2 solid‐dispersion (melt‐extrusion [Meltrex] and spray‐dried) tablet formulations of ABT‐102 relative to the solution formulation used in initial clinical trials. The study followed a 2‐part, single‐dose (2‐mg), open‐label, randomized, 3‐period, crossover design in 24 healthy adults, where in each study part, 1 of the 2 solid‐dispersion formulations (under fasting and nonfasting conditions) was compared to the solution formulation (under nonfasting conditions). Under nonfasting conditions, the melt‐extrusion and spray‐dried formulations had 53% and 87% higher Cmax and 42% and 70% higher AUC∞ than the solution formulation, respectively. The 2 solid‐dispersion formulations provided comparable absolute ABT‐102 exposures (mean ± SD AUC∞ of 116 ± 35 ng·h/mL [melt‐extrusion] and 112 ± 55 ng·h/mL [spray‐dried]). There was no effect of food (high‐fat/high‐calorie breakfast) on the bioavailability of the melt‐extrusion formulation with the fasting and nonfasting regimens meeting bioequivalence. Food increased Cmax and AUC∞ central values of the spray‐dried formulation by an estimated 11% and 17%, respectively. Based on the results of the study, the melt‐extrusion formulation of ABT‐102 was selected to replace the solution formulation for subsequent clinical development.
Feeding Cyprinus carpio with infectious materials mediates cyprinid herpesvirus 3 entry through infection of pharyngeal periodontal mucosa
Authors: Fournier Guillaume , Boutier Maxime , Stalin Raj Victor , Mast Jan , Parmentier Eric , Vanderwalle Pierre , Peeters Dominique , Lieffrig François , Farnir Frédéric , Gillet Laurent , Vanderplasschen Alain 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as Koi herpesvirus, is the etiological agent of a mortal disease in common and koi carp. Recently, we investigated the entry of CyHV-3 in carp using bioluminescence imaging and a CyHV-3 recombinant strain expressing luciferase (LUC). We demonstrated that the skin is the major portal of entry after inoculation of carp by immersion in water containing CyHV-3. While this model of infection mimics some natural conditions in which infection takes place, other epidemiological conditions could favour entry of virus through the digestive tract. Here, we investigated whether ingestion of infectious materials mediates CyHV-3 entry through the digestive tract. Carp were fed with materials contaminated with the CyHV-3 LUC recombinant (oral contamination) or immersed in water containing the virus (contamination by immersion). Bioluminescence imaging analyses performed at different times post-infection led to the following observations: (i) the pharyngeal periodontal mucosa is the major portal of entry after oral contamination, while the skin is the major portal of entry after contamination by immersion. (ii) Both modes of inoculation led to the spreading of the infection to the various organs tested. However, the timing and the sequence in which some of the organs turned positive were different between the two modes of inoculation. Finally, we compared the disease induced by the two inoculation modes. They led to comparable clinical signs and mortality rate. The results of the present study suggest that, based on epidemiological conditions, CyHV-3 can enter carp either by skin or periodontal pharyngeal mucosal infection.
A semantic web framework to integrate cancer omics data with biological knowledge
Authors: Holford Matthew E , McCusker Jamie P , Cheung Kei-Hoi , Krauthammer Michael 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Background
The RDF triple provides a simple linguistic means of describing limitless types of information. Triples can be flexibly combined into a unified data source we call a semantic model. Semantic models open new possibilities for the integration of variegated biological data. We use Semantic Web technology to explicate high throughput clinical data in the context of fundamental biological knowledge. We have extended Corvus, a data warehouse which provides a uniform interface to various forms of Omics data, by providing a SPARQL endpoint. With the querying and reasoning tools made possible by the Semantic Web, we were able to explore quantitative semantic models retrieved from Corvus in the light of systematic biological knowledge.

Results
For this paper, we merged semantic models containing genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from melanoma samples with two semantic models of functional data - one containing Gene Ontology (GO) data, the other, regulatory networks constructed from transcription factor binding information. These two semantic models were created in an ad hoc manner but support a common interface for integration with the quantitative semantic models. Such combined semantic models allow us to pose significant translational medicine questions. Here, we study the interplay between a cell's molecular state and its response to anti-cancer therapy by exploring the resistance of cancer cells to Decitabine, a demethylating agent.

Conclusions
We were able to generate a testable hypothesis to explain how Decitabine fights cancer - namely, that it targets apoptosis-related gene promoters predominantly in Decitabine-sensitive cell lines, thus conveying its cytotoxic effect by activating the apoptosis pathway. Our research provides a framework whereby similar hypotheses can be developed easily.
Gene flow and population structure in the Mexican blind cavefish complex (Astyanax mexicanus)
Authors: Bradic Martina , Beerli Peter , García-de León Francisco J , Esquivel-Bobadilla Sarai , Borowsky Richard L 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Cave animals converge evolutionarily on a suite of troglomorphic traits, the best known of which are eyelessness and depigmentation. We studied 11 cave and 10 surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus in order to better understand the evolutionary origins of the cave forms, the basic genetic structuring of both cave and surface populations, and the degree to which present day migration among them affects their genetic divergence.

Results
To assess the genetic structure within populations and the relationships among them we genotyped individuals at 26 microsatellite loci. We found that surface populations are similar to one another, despite their relatively large geographic separation, whereas the cave populations are better differentiated. The cave populations we studied span the full range of the cave forms in three separate geographic regions and have at least five separate evolutionary origins. Cave populations had lower genetic diversity than surface populations, correlated with their smaller effective population sizes, probably the result of food and space limitations. Some of the cave populations receive migrants from the surface and exchange migrants with one another, especially when geographically close. This admixture results in significant heterozygote deficiencies at numerous loci due to Wahlund effects. Cave populations receiving migrants from the surface contain small numbers of individuals that are intermediate in both phenotype and genotype, affirming at least limited gene flow from the surface.

Conclusions
Cave populations of this species are derived from two different surface stocks denoted "old" and "new." The old stock colonized caves at least three times independently while the new stock colonized caves at least twice independently. Thus, the similar cave phenotypes found in these caves are the result of repeated convergences. These phenotypic convergences have occurred in spite of gene flow from surface populations suggesting either strong natural or sexual selection for alleles responsible for the cave phenotype in the cave environment.