bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of attitudinal factors to blood donation in African American church attendees
Authors: James Adelbert B. , Demmons Derrick G. , Schreiber George B. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Shaz Beth H. 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND: Historically, African Americans have a general mistrust for the health care system that has contributed to significant health disparities. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether this distrust among African Americans affects attitudes toward blood donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen African American churches in metropolitan Atlanta participated in an 81‐item self‐administered survey. The questionnaire assessed barriers and motivators for, and knowledge and beliefs about, blood donation in African Americans. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression models were performed.RESULTS: A total of 930 individuals responded to the survey. This group was 99% African Americans, 71% female, and 84% college educated, 54% with a household income of at least $50,000 and mean age of 47 ± 14 years. Donation history was 3% current donors, 46% lapsed donors, and 40% nondonors. Respondents who trusted versus distrusted hospitals had more knowledge of the blood supply and less fear of donation and were more likely to respond to blood needs of the community. In a multivariate logistic regression model, donors were more likely to trust hospitals (p = 0.003) and were more likely to have participated in research (p < 0.001) than nondonors.CONCLUSION: African American distrust of the health care system is associated with decreased likelihood of previous blood donation. This may be secondary to donor centers being viewed as a component of the health care system. Building trust between donor centers and African American community by ensuring the safety of donation may increase African American blood donation rates.
Rural‐Urban Migration and Control Theory
Authors: Osayimwese Iz. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a largely expository style, a typical rural‐urban migration problem where urban unemployment is a central issue is modelled as a problem in optimal control. Some of the shortcomings of the Todaro specification of the expectations phenomenon in rural‐urban migration are discussed and an alternative specification is presented. The resulting optimal control model is solved in two alternative ways. First, Pontryagin's maximum principle, in spite of all its limitations, is used to generate some of the qualitative properties of the model, and some standard results are formalized. Secondly, a simple differential equation approach is employed to depict some essential qualitative features of the optimal control problem. Finally, some of the limitations of the optimal control model are discussed.
Explorations and Syntheses of Linear Programming And Spatial Interaction Models of Residential Location
Authors: Senior M. L. , Wilson A. G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVarious “linear programming” models of residential location are explored in some detail. It is then shown that entropy maximizing “sub‐optimal” versions of these can be developed, which may be more realistic at typical levels of resolution used for analysis but can still be given some of the interpretations of the programming models. Further, any programming model can be seen as a limiting case of some entropy maximizing model in which some of the parameters tend to infinity. Some empirical tests of both kinds of models are presented, and the limiting relationships are discussed.
On the Sources of Instability in the Rank‐Size Rule: Some Simple Tests of Gibrat's Law
Authors: Vining Daniel R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhile the implications of the Simon model of urban growth, e.g., the rank‐size rule, have been explored in numerous papers, the assumptions of that model have not, to my knowledge, been subjected to empirical verification. This paper represents an initial attempt to do so, emphasizing those sources of variation in the growth of cities typically singled out in Simon's verbal statements of the model: births, deaths, rural‐urban, urban‐rural, and urban‐urban migration. It is found that over the recent past the assumptions concerning these components are all violated and violated in the direction of upward curvature away from the log‐linear relationship between city size and rank predicted by the model, an upward curvature which we in fact observe.
Space‐Time Synergetics in Innovation Diffusion: A Nested Network Simulation Approach
Authors: Nijkamp Peter , Reggiani Aura 
Published: September 2010

The relevance of evolutionary dynamics theories for investigating the development of sociotechnical systems has recently been recognized. In this framework the logistic growth model is considered by many scientists as an extremely appropriate framework that is able to interpret the dynamics of innovation diffusion.Starting from recent results in the literature on technological dynamics, the present paper focuses on backgrounds leading to different shapes of the conventional logistic function. By embedding these motives in the socio‐attitudinal context of the system at hand, the present paper tries to give a new interpretation for the rapid/slow “take off” and dynamics of a given innovation in a spatial setting. In particular, a nested logistic dynamic model is developed here, with particular emphasis on the dynamic growth rate of the logistic function expressing—by means of an accessibility cost function—the preference intensity concerning a given innovation for a certain region/country.Finally, various simulation experiments are carried out for the case of both a two‐dimensional and a four‐dimensional network. The possibility of both stable and unstable diffusion patterns, depending on the parameter values in the nested “attitudinal” dynamic function, is also investigated.
Factors Affecting the Ability to Detect Spreadsheet Errors
Authors: Howe Harry , Simkin Mark G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe extensive computational and formatting capabilities of today's spreadsheets enable users to create sophisticated analytical models with professionally formatted outputs. But good‐looking reports can mask a host of input errors, formula mistakes, and computational problems. This article examines the subject of spreadsheet error detection in detail and describes an experiment designed to identify those factors influencing the error‐detection capabilities of a sample of spreadsheet users.
Interorganizational Governance Value Creation: Coordinating for Information Visibility and Flexibility in Supply Chains*
Authors: Wang Eric T. G. , Wei Hsiao‐Lan 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTMore thoroughly understanding how interorganizational governance value can be created by information technology and other governance mechanisms is critical for supply chain management. Based primarily on transaction‐cost economics and supplemented by the resource‐based view, this study investigates how interorganizational governance (i.e., relational governance and virtual integration) can create value (i.e., information visibility and supply chain flexibility) in the supply chain context. The findings show that both relational governance and virtual integration benefit information visibility. Those results also support both direct and indirect (via information visibility) effects of relational governance on supply chain flexibility. Although failing to affect supply chain flexibility directly, virtual integration can still improve supply chain flexibility with its ability to enhance information visibility. Thus, interorganizational governance mechanisms emphasizing both control and collaboration can influence the gain from collaboration‐specific capabilities, leading to the competitive advantage of a supply chain. The results of the study suggest that firms can gain greater supply chain flexibility within existing interfirm relationships by enhancing information visibility through virtual integration and relational governance.
Modulation of exogenous antibiotic activity by host cathelicidin LL‐37
Authors: LESZCZYŃSKA KATARZYNA , NAMIOT ANDRZEJ , JANMEY PAUL A. , BUCKI ROBERT 
Published: September 2010

Leszczyńska K, Namiot A, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Modulation of exogenous antibiotic activity by host cathelicidin LL‐37. APMIS 2010; 118: 830–6.The increasing number of infections caused by drug‐resistant bacteria has spurred efforts to develop new therapeutic strategies. When applied locally, exogenous antibiotics work in an environment rich in endogenous antibacterial molecules such as the cathelicidin peptide LL‐37, which has increased expression at infection sites because of the stimulatory effects of bacterial wall products on neutrophils and other cell types. To test for possible additive effects of exogenous and endogenous antibacterial agents, we evaluated the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to assess the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (AMC), tetracycline (T), erythromycin (E) and amikacin (AN) against different clinical isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus in combination with synthetic LL‐37. These studies revealed that the antibacterial activity of AMC was strongly potentiated when added in combination with LL‐37. However, in the presence of LL‐37, we did not observe any decrease in the MIC values of T and E, particularly against methicillin‐resistant S. aureus and macrolide‐lincosamide‐streptogramin B (MLSB) (+)/β‐lactamase (+) strains, indicating a lack of synergistic action between these molecules. Interaction between exogenous antibiotics and host antibacterial molecules should be considered to provide optimal treatment, especially in cases of topical infections accompanied by increasing expression of host antibacterial molecules.
Exacerbation of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi infection in BALB/c mice after immunization with soluble antigen from amastigote forms
Authors: PASSERO LUIZ FELIPE DOMINGUES , DA COSTA BORDON MARIA LUIZA ANTUNES , DE CARVALHO ANA KELY , MARTINS LUCIANO MOURA , CORBETT CARLOS EDUARDO PEREIRA , LAURENTI MÁRCIA DALASTRA 
Published: September 2010

Passero LFD, da Costa Bordon MLA, de Carvalho AK, Martins LM, Corbett CEP, Laurenti MD. Exacerbation of Leishmania (Viannia) shawi infection in BALB/c mice after immunization with soluble antigen from amastigote forms. APMIS 2010; 118: 973–81.The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunization with soluble amastigote (AmaAg) and promastigote (ProAg) antigens from Leishmania (Viannia) shawi on the course of infection in BALB/c mice. After immunization with AmaAg, the challenged group showed greater lesion size and parasite load in the skin and lymph nodes, associated with diminished interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, interferon (IFN)‐γ and nitrate levels in the supernatant of lymph node cell cultures, together with increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β concentrations and humoral immune response. In contrast, immunization with ProAg led to smaller lesion size with reduced numbers of viable parasites in the skin. Protection was associated with increases in IL‐12, IFN‐γ, TGF‐β and nitrates and decreases in IL‐4 and IL‐10 levels. Concerning humoral immune response, a significant reduction in anti‐leishmania immunoglobulin G was verified in the ProAg‐challenged group. Analysis of these results suggests that AmaAg induced a suppressive cellular immune response in mice, favouring the spread of infection, whereas ProAg induced partial protection associated with increased cellular immune response.
Moss production in a black spruce Picea mariana forest with permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska, as compared with two permafrost‐free stands
Authors: Skre O. , Oechel W. C. 
Published: September 2010

During the 1975 and 1976 seasons the net primary production of five common bryophytes in different stands of mature vegetation near Fairbanks, Alaska was investigated.Overall annual moss production at the intensive black spruce site was about 120 g m−1 yr−1 or about twice as high as the corresponding annual spruce production. Maximum rates of net photosynthesis varied from 2.7 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 in Polytrichum commune Hedw. to 0.6 mg CO2 g−1 h−1 in Sphagnum nemoreum Scop. The photosynthesis of overwintered leaves early in the season was low and as a result of new growth a steady increase in net photosynthesis occurred throughout the season. Leaf water content was found to be the most important limiting factor for growth under natural conditions.There was a strong increase in growth and photosynthesis of Sphagnum nemoreum after application of N and P, indicating nutrient deficiency.
Photoperiodic reactions in conifer species
Authors: Ekberg Inger , Eriksson Gösta , Dormling Ingegerd 
Published: September 2010

In Picea abies seedlings the critical night length for bud‐set was determined for provenances from different latitudes, longitudes and altitudes within the natural range of the species. The clinal variation of this character was demonstrated. Inheritance studies indicated that this character is controlled by many genes with predominantly additive effects.In seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus contorta, growth cessation and bud‐set took place in all light regimes, thus, even under continuous illumination. A photoperiodic optimum for height growth was determined. The photoperiodic influence on such characters as recurrent flushing of shoots, needle growth, dry matter production and frost resistance was demonstrated for northern and southern populations of the two Pinus species. Shorter nights were needed to induce a particular photoperiodic response in the northern populations as compared with those from the south.The importance of reliable phenological characters for assessing frost hardiness in provenance and progeny trials by means of early tests, is discussed.
Molecular epidemiology and spatial distribution of Selenomonas spp. in subgingival biofilms
Authors: Drescher Julia , Schlafer Sebastian , Schaudinn Christoph , Riep Birgit , Neumann Konrad , Friedmann Anton , Petrich Annett , Göbel Ulf B. , Moter Annette 
Published: September 2010

Drescher J, Schlafer S, Schaudinn C, Riep B, Neumann K, Friedmann A, Petrich A, Göbel UB, Moter A. Molecular epidemiology and spatial distribution of Selenomonas spp. in subgingival biofilms. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 466–474. © 2010 Eur J Oral SciThe aetiology of periodontal disease has been a field of intensive research in the past decades. Along with a variety of other putative pathogens, different members of the genus Selenomonas have repeatedly been associated with both generalized aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis. For the present study, a specific oligonucleotide probe targeting the majority of all oral Selenomonas spp. was designed. Their prevalence was determined, using dot‐blot hybridization, in a total of 742 subgingival samples collected from patients with generalized aggressive (n = 62) and chronic periodontitis (n = 82), and from periodontitis‐resistant subjects (n = 19). In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and electron microscopy were performed to analyze the spatial arrangement of Selenomonas in subgingival biofilms collected from patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. In the samples from patients, Selenomonas spp. showed a lower prevalence in both diseased groups compared with other putative pathogens, and a relatively high prevalence in the periodontitis‐resistant group. Consequently, Selenomonas spp. do not seem to be suitable diagnostic marker organisms for periodontal disease. By contrast, FISH and electron microscopic analysis of periodontal carriers revealed that Selenomonas spp. appeared in large numbers in all parts of the collected biofilms and seemed, if present in a site from patients, to make a relevant contribution to their structural organization.
Surface free‐energy measurements as indicators of the bonding characteristics of single‐step self‐etching adhesives
Authors: Inoue Naoki , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Takimoto Masayuki , Ootsuka Eiichiro , Endo Hajime , Takamizawa Toshiki , Miyazaki Masashi 
Published: September 2010

Inoue N, Tsujimoto A, Takimoto M, Ootsuka E, Endo H, Takamizawa T, Miyazaki M. Surface free‐energy measurements as indicators of the bonding characteristics of single‐step self‐etching adhesives. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 525–530. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci This study examined the surface free‐energy of dentin treated with the single‐step self‐etching adhesives Bond Force, Clearfil tri‐S Bond, and G‐Bond Plus. The labial dentin surfaces of bovine mandibular incisors were wet ground with #180‐, #600‐, and #2,000‐grit silicon carbide paper. The adhesives were applied to the ground dentin, and then rinsed with acetone and distilled water. The surface free‐energies were determined by measuring the contact angles of three test liquids placed on the adhesive‐treated dentin. The surface free‐energies of the samples treated with the G‐Bond Plus and Clearfil tri‐S Bond adhesives increased as the surface roughness decreased. No significant differences in the surface free‐energy were found for the samples treated with the Bond Force adhesive, regardless of the surface roughness. These results indicated that dentin surfaces treated with adhesives did not promote a higher surface‐energy state, and that differences in the components of surface energy were apparent for the adhesives tested.
Spatial heterogeneity in species richness and species composition
Authors: Shiyomi Masae , Chen Jun , Yasuda Taisuke 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVisually detecting and measuring actual spatial heterogeneity is relatively easy using traits of grassland vegetation communities, e.g. ‘quantitative’ traits such as spatial heterogeneity in biomass, vegetation cover and frequency of occurrence for each species. In the present paper, we consider substantively ‘qualitative’ aspects of vegetation, such as species richness (number of species) and species composition (numerically expressed using the Bray–Curtis measure [S‐value]). We constructed two frequency distributions of number of species and S‐values based on observations of many small quadrats in two grassland systems. At the same time, we mathematically generated a hypothetical community in which all plant individuals of each species occupy arbitrary (random) positions in proportion to the abundance of each species in the surrounding area (referred to as the ‘null distribution’). This hypothetical community was expressed using two frequency distributions of number of species and S‐values per quadrat, and observed and null distributions of these variables were then compared. The difference between observed and null distributions was indicative of the level of spatial heterogeneity in terms of number of species and species composition of the grassland vegetation. We explain this concept using a simple artificial example and actual grassland vegetation data.
GCN: a gaseous Galactic halo stream?
Authors: Jin Shoko 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We show that a string of H i clouds that form part of the high-velocity cloud complex known as GCN is a probable gaseous stream extending over more than 50° in the Galactic halo. The radial velocity gradient along the stream is used to deduce transverse velocities as a function of distance, enabling a family of orbits to be computed. We find that a direction of motion towards the Galactic disc coupled with a mid-stream distance of ∼20 kpc provides a good match to the observed sky positions and radial velocities of the H i clouds comprising the stream. With an estimated mass of 105 M⊙, its progenitor is likely to be a dwarf galaxy. However, no stellar counterpart has been found amongst the currently known Galactic dwarf spheroidal galaxies or stellar streams and the exact origin of the stream is therefore currently unknown.
EFFECT OF WASHING WITH CITRIC ACID OR SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON THE VISUAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF MUSHROOMS (AGARICUS BISPORUS L.)
Authors: SIMÓN A. , GONZÁLEZ‐FANDOS E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT The effect of washing with a solution of 10 g/L citric acid or 100 mg/L acidified sodium hypochlorite solution (pH 6.5) on the visual and microbiological quality of whole mushrooms when stored at 3C for up to 13 days was evaluated. The washed mushrooms were compared with water‐washed and untreated mushrooms. The color, bacterial blotch incidence and Pseudomonas counts were determined. Washing with citric acid reduced Pseudomonas counts by 2 log units throughout storage and avoided bacterial blotch during 13 days of storage at 3C, but color deterioration was observed. Washing with sodium hypochlorite hardly reduced Pseudomonas and did not avoid bacterial blotch, and even produced mushroom browning. The effect of the washing treatments depended on the initial condition of the mushrooms used.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSHypochlorite has been traditionally used to reduce microbial contamination. However, washing with acidified hypochlorite is not effective in reducing the microbial counts in mushrooms during storage. This treatment does not avoid bacterial blotch and causes color deterioration. Therefore, this washing treatment cannot be recommended in mushrooms.Washing with citric acid has a beneficial effect on reducing microbial counts and extending the shelf life of mushroom. However, it cannot be recommended for washing whole mushrooms because it leads to color deterioration. This treatment could be effective if it is followed by anti‐browning treatment.
EFFECT OF SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE COATING ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF CUT RAW HAN‐WOO (KOREAN COW) BEEF, AEROBICALLY PACKAGED AND HELD REFRIGERATED
Authors: SHON JINHAN , EO JI‐HYUN , EUN JONG‐BANG 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based edible coating was used to reduce oxidative degradation of Han‐Woo (Korean cow) beef stored at 4C for 5 days in aerobic packaging. The SPI coating reduced (P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and peroxide value (PV) formation compared with control beefs. At 5 days of storage, the percent inhibition of TBARS and PV for SPI‐coated beefs compared with the control was 28.5 and 32.2%, respectively. SPI coating prevented loss of Hunter L and a values of beef compared with the control after 2 days of storage. The ability of the SPI coating to provide a moisture barrier for the beefs was reduced (P < 0.05). In addition, a reduction of moisture loss by 31.4% compared with the control was achieved by SPI coating after 5 days of storage. However, SPI coating of beefs did not inhibit the growth of either total plate counts or Listeria monocytogenes during storage. Overall, SPI coating can effectively be used as a natural antioxidative coating to extend the shelf life of beef by reducing oxidation and moisture loss during refrigerated storage in aerobic packaging.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSOxidative and microbiological degradation are major problems faced by the food industry today. As the educated consumer is highly health conscious, any effort in extending the shelf life will have to be nonchemical, and preferably natural. Our research investigated the possibility of using soy protein as a final coating material to enhance the freshness of beef packed aerobically during refrigerated storage. Soy protein‐based edible coating used in this present study was capable of acting as a natural antioxidative and moisture barrier coating for meat products to maintain the quality and the shelf‐life during refrigerated storage.