bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Doppler imaging of the diaphragm and outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Xin Shaobo , Li Yingjia , Liu Rui , Liu Xiaozhen , Cai Shaoqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to employ tissue Doppler imaging to monitor diaphragmatic peak velocity and acceleration during contraction and relaxation in mechanically ventilated patients, with the objective of assessing the potential utility of this technique in predicting weaning outcomes.MethodsA total of 89 adult subjects were recruited in this study. After 30 min of spontaneous breathing trial, the diaphragm motion parameters, including peak contraction velocity, peak relaxation velocity, contraction acceleration and relaxation acceleration, were measured in real time using tissue Doppler imaging. According to the results of weaning, the patients were divided into successful weaning group and failed weaning group. The differences of diaphragmatic tissue Doppler imaging monitoring indicators between the two groups were analysed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to analyse the value of each ultrasound parameter in predicting weaning.ResultsIn the successful weaning group, there were 61 subjects, while in the failed weaning group, there were 28 subjects. The peak contraction velocity, peak relaxation velocity, contraction acceleration and relaxation acceleration of the diaphragm were significantly higher in the failed weaning group compared to the successful weaning group (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of diaphragmatic peak contraction velocity, peak relaxation velocity, diaphragmatic contraction acceleration and diaphragmatic relaxation acceleration were 0.81 (0.72–0.91), 0.85 (0.77–0.93), 0.74 (0.63–0.86) and 0.86 (0.78–0.94), respectively.ConclusionsThe diaphragm ultrasonic tissue Doppler imaging variables can serve as predictive indicators for weaning mechanical ventilation in patients, thus providing an effective tool to assist critical care physicians in determining the optimal timing for weaning mechanical ventilation.
Aqueous Developable and CO2‐Sourced Chemical Amplification Photoresist with High Performance
Authors: Lu Xin‐Yu , Zhang Rui‐Sheng , Yang Guan‐Wen , Li Qiang , Li Bo , Wu Guang‐Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeeking high‐performance photoresists is an important item for semiconductor industry due to the continuous miniaturization and intelligentization of integrated circuits. Polymer resin containing carbonate group has many desirable properties, such as high transmittance, acid sensitivity and chemical formulation, thus serving as promising photoresist material. In this work, a series of aqueous developable CO2‐sourced polycarbonates (CO2‐PCs) were produced via alternating copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides bearing acid‐cleavable cyclic acetal groups in the presence of tetranuclear organoborane catalyst. The produced CO2‐PCs were investigated as chemical amplification resists in deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography. Under the catalysis of photogenerated acid, the acetal (ketal) groups in CO2‐PC were hydrolysed into two equivalents of hydroxyl groups, which change the exposed area from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity, thus enabling the exposed area to be developed with water. Through normalized remaining thickness analysis, the optimal CO2‐derived resist achieved a remarkable sensitivity of 1.9 mJ/cm2, a contrast of 7.9, a favorable resolution (750 nm, half pitch), and a good etch resistance (38 % higher than poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)). Such performances outperform commercial KrF and ArF chemical amplification resists (i.e., polyhydroxystyrene‐derived and polymethacrylate‐based resists), which endows broad application prospects in the field of DUV (KrF and ArF) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for nanomanufacturing.
Achieving a Deeply Desodiated Stabilized Cathode Material by the High Entropy Strategy for Sodium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhaoguo , Liu Rixin , Xu Sheng , Tian Jiaming , Li Jingchang , Li Haoyu , Yu Tao , Chu Shiyong , M. D'Angelo Anita , Pang Wei Kong , Zhang Liang , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManganese‐based layered oxides are currently of significant interest as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their low toxicity and high specific capacity. However, the practical applications are impeded by sluggish intrinsic Na+ migration and poor structure stability as a result of Jahn–Teller distortion and complicated phase transition. In this study, a high‐entropy strategy is proposed to enhance the high‐voltage capacity and cycling stability. The designed P2‐Na0.67Mn0.6Cu0.08Ni0.09Fe0.18Ti0.05O2 achieves a deeply desodiation and delivers charging capacity of 158.1 mAh g−1 corresponding to 0.61 Na with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98.2 %. The charge compensation is attributed to the cationic and anionic redox reactions conjunctively. Moreover, the crystal structure is effectively stabilized, leading to a slight variation of lattice parameters. This research carries implications for the expedited development of low‐cost, high‐energy‐density cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethane acrylate emulsions with high bio‐based content
Authors: Zhuang Yu , Luo Jiangyu , Duan Xiaojun , Zhu Yanan , Qu Jinqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe bio‐based hydrophilic monoglycerol succinate was synthesized and reacted with bio‐based raw materials including polyols, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol, to prepare the waterborne polyurethane acrylate (Bio‐WPUA) emulsions with high bio‐based content. The effect of bio‐based polyol categories including poly(trimethylene ether glycol), poly(tetrahydrofuran), and castor oil on the properties of Bio‐WPUA and its films were studied. The structure, thermal stability, crystallinity, contact angle, and mechanical properties of Bio‐WPUA film were characterized with fourier infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, contact angle analyzer, and mechanical tensile testing. It was found that Bio‐WPUA film containing poly(trimethylene ether glycol) as the soft‐segmented display good tensile stress, thermal stability, and water resistance with 1.38% of the water absorption rate, while Bio‐WPUA containing castor oil polyol as the soft‐segmented had good tensile strain and low‐temperature film‐forming properties with excellent film properties. The bio‐carbon content of Bio‐WPUA was high up to 40% according to ASTM D6866‐22, and possesses good physical mechanical and chemical resistance performance. The results provide theoretical guidance for the synthesis of polyurethane emulsions with bio‐based materials instead of petroleum‐based materials.
Synthesis of new sustainable polyester‐type hydrogels from chemical recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) products applied on the removal of indigo carmine dye
Authors: Schneider Daniela E. , Simioni Tomás M. , Petzhold Cesar L. , Daitx Tales S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge amounts of plastic waste are daily generated, becoming a global issue that needs to be addressed. Thus, new recycling alternatives have been explored, such as the depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste (wPET). These reactions can lead to the formation of oligomers and monomers, which can then be employed in new synthetic processes. The aim of this work is to use the products of the chemical recycling of wPET on the synthesis of hydrogels and evaluate the capacity of these materials to adsorb dyes aiming a wastewater treatment. The depolymerizations were done through glycerolysis reactions catalyzed by zinc (II) acetate under microwave radiation. Afterwards, the obtained oil was crosslinked with citric acid (CA) under tin (II) chloride catalysis to obtain the hydrogels. The water uptake capacity of the hydrogels ranged from 310% to 1442%, depending on the CA content. When placed in an indigo carmine solution, the hydrogels showed high adsorption capacity, removing up to 97% of the dye. The kinetic study revealed a physicochemical mechanism for the removal process, corroborated by Temkin isotherms. These results indicate that the chemical recycling of PET via glycerolysis is a viable alternative for producing hydrogels, reducing plastic waste while creating new tools for wastewater treatment.
Ultrafast Self‐Healing Elastomer with Closed‐Loop Recyclability
Authors: Mah Justin Jian Qiang , Li Ke , Feng Hongzhi , Surat'man Nayli Erdeanna Binte , Li Bofan , Yu Xiaohui , Zhang Mingsheng , Wang Sheng , Li Zibiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe loss of function after prolonged periods of use is inevitable for all materials including plastics. Hence, self‐healing capabilities are a key development to prolong the service lifetime of materials. One of such self‐healing capabilities can be achieved by integrating dynamic bonds such as boronic ester linkages into polymeric materials, however the rate of self‐healing in these materials is insufficient and current methods to accelerate it are limited. In this study, we report the rational design, synthesis and characterization of a fluorinated elastomer (FBE15) that utilizes enhanced interaction between polymer chains afforded by strong dipole‐dipole interactions from −CF3, which showed a significant increase in binding energy to −7.71 Kcal/mol from −5.51 Kcal/mol, resulting in increased interaction between the boronic ester linkages and improving self‐healing capabilities of boronic ester materials, drastically reducing the time required for stress relaxation by 900 %. The bulk elastomer is capable of ultrafast self‐healing in a one‐click fashion that can happen in mere seconds, which can then be stretched to 150 % of its original length. By utilising the dynamic cross‐linking, FBE15 is also capable of both mechanical reprocessing into the same materials and chemical recycling into its starting materials, respectively, further allowing reconstruction of the elastomers that have comparable properties to the original ones at the end of its service lifespan.
Solvent Free Potassium 3,5‐dinitro‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐olate 3D EMOF as Thermally Stable Energetic Material
Authors: Yadav Abhishek Kumar , Ghule Vikas D. , Dharavath Srinivas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeat‐resistant explosives play a vital role in indispensable applications. For this, we have synthesized a novel, three‐dimensional, solvent‐free energetic metal−organic framework (EMOF) potassium 3,5‐dinitro‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐olate (KDNODP) straightforwardly. The synthesized EMOF was characterized through IR, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Furthermore, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction provided a complete description of KDNODP. It exhibits a three‐dimensional EMOF structure with remarkably balanced properties such as high density (2.11 g cm−3), excellent thermal stability (291 °C), good detonation performance (8127 m s−1 and 26.94 GPa) and low mechanical sensitivity (IS=35 J; FS=360 N) than the commonly used heat‐resistant explosives HNS (density=1.74 g cm−3; VOD=7164 m s−1, DP=21.65 GPa, IS=5 J) as well as the similar reported energetic potassium MOFs. To gain insights into the packing and intermolecular interactions, the Hirshfeld surface and a 2D fingerprint analysis were examined. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the particle size and morphological characteristics of KDNODP. These outcomes highlight a successful method for creating 3D EMOF based on a six‐membered heterocycle as a potential heat‐resistant energetic material.
Climate policy uncertainty and firm‐level carbon dioxide emissions: Assessing the impact in the U.S. market
Authors: Borozan Djula , Pirgaip Burak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 1007 listed firms over 2003–2021. As the urgency to combat climate change and implement effective policies may create uncertainty, it focuses on the Unites States, a significant emitter with a complex policy landscape. Using the two‐step system generalized method of moments estimation, the analysis reveals a negative CPU–CO2 emissions relationship, indicating that increased CPU incentivizes firms to adopt sustainable practices, leading to emissions reductions. Capital expenditures have similar effects on emissions, accompanied by increased corporate sustainability engagement. However, no significant relationship is found between research and development (R&D) expenditure and CO2 emissions, nor does CPU significantly moderate the R&D–CO2 emissions nexus. Firms with substantial fixed assets exhibit higher CO2 emissions, while heavy emitters demonstrate limited CPU responsiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers encouraging corporate participation in emissions reduction efforts.
Oil blotting paper for formalin fixation increases endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition‐collected sample volumes on glass slides
Authors: Yamai Takuo , Ikezawa Kenji , Seiki Yusuke , Watsuji Ko , Kawamoto Yasuharu , Hirao Takeru , Daiku Kazuma , Maeda Shingo , Urabe Makiko , Kai Yugo , Takada Ryoji , Mukai Kaori , Nakabori Tasuku , Uehara Hiroyuki , Tsuzaki Sayoko , Ryu Ayumi , Tanada Satoshi , Nagata Shigenori , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) is used for pathological diagnosis and obtaining samples for molecular testing, facilitating the initiation of targeted therapies in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, samples obtained via EUS‐TA are often insufficient, requiring more efforts to improve sampling adequacy for molecular testing. Therefore, this study investigated the use of oil blotting paper for formalin fixation of samples obtained via EUS‐TA.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 42 patients who underwent EUS‐TA for pancreatic cancer between September 2020 and February 2022 at the Osaka International Cancer Institute. After a portion of each sample obtained via EUS‐TA was separated for routine histological evaluation, the residual samples were divided into filter paper and oil blotting paper groups for analysis. Accordingly, filter paper and oil blotting paper were used for the formalin fixation process. The total tissue, nuclear, and cytoplasm areas of each sample were quantitatively evaluated using virtual slides, and the specimen volume and histological diagnosis of each sample were evaluated by an expert pathologist.ResultsAll cases were cytologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The area ratios of the total tissue, nuclear, and cytoplasmic portions were significantly larger in the oil blotting paper group than in the filter paper group. The frequency of cases with large amount of tumor cells was significantly higher in the oil blotting paper group (33.3%) than in the filter paper group (11.9%) (p = 0.035).ConclusionsOil blotting paper can increase the sample volume obtained via EUS‐TA on glass slides and improve sampling adequacy for molecular testing.
Stabilizing Layered BiOBr Photoelectrocatalyst by Van Der Waals Heterojunction Strategy
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Osella Silvio , Torre Bruno , Crisci Matteo , Schmitz Fabian , Altieri Roberto , Di Fabrizio Enzo , Amenitsch Heinz , Sartori Barbara , Liu Zheming , Gatti Teresa , Lamberti Francesco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) holds immense promise as a clean and sustainable method for hydrogen production. However, finding a suitable catalyst which is efficient, stable and scalable still remains an open challenge. BiOBr is a 2D layered material studied as photoelectrocatalyst because of its suitable band gap for light absorption and potential for up‐scalable production. However, its application in HER is not commonly reported, because of instability in a cathodic PEC environment, driven by a strong tendency to reduction to metallic bismuth. To solve this problem, 2D MoS2 is used to induce the formation of a van der Waals (vdW) layered heterojunction (HJ) to stabilize the lattice of BiOBr during HER. By performing PEC HER with the HJs containing different ratios of MoS2, it is found that the HJ with 1 % MoS2 can increase the stability of BiOBr, while the one with 50 % MoS2 can even accelerate the reduction of BiOBr to metallic bismuth. DFT calculations reveal that the interface between BiOBr and MoS2 in the HJ with 1 % MoS2 tends to push active electrons on the sulfur atoms, thus favoring HER. On the other hand, in the 50 % HJ, active electrons are prone to react with BiOBr to induce reduction. In situ wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) on the MoS2/BiOBr HJs with 1 % and 50 % of MoS2 allows to track the phase change and the phase transfer speed of BiOBr during PEC HER. Interestingly, when the HJ is illuminated with UV light, a lower amount of BiOBr is reduced to Bi under negative potential, due to the presence of photogenerated holes reacting with the extra electrons derived from the negative bias and preventing the BiOBr photon absorber to be further reduced.
Structure Engineering of Acridine Donor to Optimize Color Purity of Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Jiang Yixuan , Jin Jing , Ren Huicai , Liu Botao , Mei Yongqiang , Xu Min , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract9,9‐Dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC) is one of the most widely used electron donor for constructing high‐performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. However, DMAC‐based emitters often suffer from the imperfect color purity, particularly in blue emitters, due to its strong electron‐donating capability. To modulate donor strength, 2,7‐F‐Ph‐DMAC and 2,7‐CF3‐Ph‐DMAC were designed by introducing the electron‐withdrawing 2‐fluorophenyl and 2‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl at the 2,7‐positions of DMAC. These donors were used, in combination with 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRZ) acceptor, to develop novel TADF emitters 2,7‐F‐Ph‐DMAC‐TRZ and 2,7‐CF3‐Ph‐DMAC‐TRZ. Compared to the F‐ or CF3‐free reference emitter, both two emitters showed hypsochromic effect in fluorescence and comparable photoluminescence quantum yields without sacrificing the reverse intersystem crossing rate constants. In particular, 2,7‐CF3‐Ph‐DMAC‐TRZ based OLED exhibited a blue shift by up to 39 nm and significantly improved Commission International de l′Éclairage (CIE) coordinates from (0.36, 0.55) to (0.22, 0.41), while the external quantum efficiency kept stable at about 22.5 %. This donor engineering strategy should be valid for improving the color purity of large amount of acridine based TADF emitters. It can be predicted that pure blue TADF emitters should be feasible if these F‐ or CF3‐modifed acridine donors are combined with other weaker electron acceptors.
Biocompatible Synthesis of Macrocyclic Thiazol(in)e Peptides
Authors: He Junming , Nitsche Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMacrocyclic peptides containing a thiazole or thiazoline in the backbone are considered privileged structures in both natural compounds and drug discovery, owing to their enhanced bioactivity, stability, and permeability. Here, we present the biocompatible synthesis of macrocyclic peptides from N‐terminal cysteine and C‐terminal nitrile. While the N‐terminal cysteine is incorporated during solid‐phase peptide synthesis, the C‐terminal nitrile is introduced during cleavage with aminoacetonitrile, utilizing a cleavable benzotriazole linker. This method directly yields the fully functionalized linear peptide precursor. The biocompatible cyclization reaction occurs in buffer at physiological pH and room temperature. The resulting thiazoline heterocycle remains stable in buffer but hydrolyzes under acidic conditions. While such hydrolysis enables access to macrocyclic peptides with a complete amide backbone, mild oxidation of the thiazoline leads to the stable thiazole macrocyclic peptide. While conventional oxidation strategies involve metals, we developed a protocol simply relying on alkaline salt and air. Therefore, we offer a rapid and metal‐free pathway to macrocyclic thiazole peptides, featuring a biocompatible key cyclization step.
Observer‐based control for plasma glucose regulation in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with unknown input delay
Authors: Targui Boubekeur , Castro‐Gomez Jose‐Fernando , Hernández‐González Omar , Valencia‐Palomo Guillermo , Guerrero‐Sánchez María‐Eusebia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article introduces an observer‐based control strategy tailored for regulating plasma glucose in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, addressing challenges like unknown time‐varying delays and meal disturbances. This control strategy is based on an extended Bergman minimal model, a nonlinear glucose‐insulin model to encompass unknown inputs, such as unplanned meals, exercise disturbances, or delays. The primary contribution lies in the design of an observer‐based state feedback control in the presence of unknown long delays, which seeks to support and enhance the performance of the traditional artificial pancreas by considering realistic scenarios. The observer and control gains for the observer‐based control are computed through linear matrix inequalities formulated from Lyapunov conditions that guarantee closed‐loop stability. This design deploys a soft and gentle dynamic response, similar to a natural pancreas, despite meal disturbances and input delays. Numerical tests demonstrate the scheme's effectiveness in glycemic level regulation and hypoglycemic episode avoidance.
Information and communication technology in smart agriculture: A scientometric review
Authors: Bala Kirti , Kaur Pankaj Deep 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAgriculture has been affected by several global trends raising the concern for food security. Agri‐food demands are amplifying due to the ever‐escalating population numbers. Thus, the notion of extending the use of smart innovative technology in managing agricultural practices has emerged rapidly over the last decade. Technological innovations have contributed significantly to shape modern agriculture as smart agriculture. Smart agriculture unfolds various benefits such as increased production, real time data and production insights and remote monitoring. The rising advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have paved the way for researchers to use these technologies in managing agricultural practices, leading to greater benefits for farmers and society. These innovations are the key to establishing agriculture as a research discipline. The purpose of this article is to conduct a scientometric analysis to study the structure and evolution of research activities in the field of smart agriculture. The scientometric analysis aims to empirically map the scientific knowledge and identify any possible challenges in the field. This study performs elementary analysis to study publication growth over the years, impact analysis to assess the leading journals, authors, and countries, and articles analysis for findings patterns among the citations over the years and among the keyword‐based clusters. There has been a considerable increase of more than 200% in the number of publications from 2011 to 2022. However, around 60% of authors have contributed with a single publication. The findings of the study reveal the research trends and hot topics for future research fronts. Deep learning, digital agriculture, object detection, blockchain, and semantic segmentation have been identified as trending topics in smart agriculture. Comprehensively, an intellectual view of the agriculture domain is presented as a scientific field in this article.