bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MASS TRANSFER KINETICS OF BANANA SLICES DURING OSMO‐CONVECTIVE DRYING
Authors: KADAM DATTATREYA M. , DHINGRA DEVINDER 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT The mass transfer kinetics of banana slices during osmotic dehydration in terms of water loss and solid gain in sugar syrup was studied. The effect of process parameters such as thickness of banana slices (4, 8 and 12 mm), sugar syrup concentration (40, 50 and 60% w/w) and sample‐to‐sugar syrup solution ratio (1:2, 1:4 and 1:6) on water loss and solute gain were also evaluated. Water losses and solid gains were increased with increase in sugar syrup concentration and banana slice sample‐to‐sugar syrup solution ratio and it has increased with the decrease in thickness of banana slices. Two‐factor analysis of variance for all experiments indicated that osmosis time of banana and sugar syrup solution concentration, sample‐to‐sugar ratio and thickness of banana slices were highly significant, whereas combination osmosis time and sugar syrup solution concentration, sample‐to‐sugar ratio and thickness of banana slices were nonsignificant. Osmotic time of 5–6 h was required to attain maximum water loss and solid gain by banana slices. The optimum best combination of banana osmosis for water loss and solid gain were found to be: 50% sugar syrup solution + 8 mm thickness of banana slices + 1:6 sample‐to‐sugar syrup solution ratio. Drying kinetics of osmosis banana slices were studied in a laboratory model tray dryer at 55, 60 and 65C air temperature. Seven thin‐layer drying models were fitted to the experimental moisture ratio data. Among the mathematical models investigated, the Wang and Singh model satisfactorily described the drying behavior of banana with high r2 values of 0.9989. The effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 5.3 × 10−8to 9.3 × 10−8 m2/s.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe process of osmotic dehydration can be used for the preparation of shelf‐stable products for the purpose of use during off‐season. The quality of pre‐osmosed banana slices are much more superior to the product dehydrated with the convectional method of convective dehydration. The osmotically dehydrated banana slices can be used as banana‐figs, fruit candy, fruit toffee, infant food and it can become part of foodstuffs like cakes, pastries and many others.
KINETICS OF MASS TRANSFER DURING CONVECTIVE DEHYDRATION OF COATED OSMOSED PINEAPPLE SAMPLES
Authors: SINGH C. , SHARMA H.K. , SARKAR B.C. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe pineapple samples were coated with sodium alginate (0.5–5%) and osmosed in sucrose solution. The effect of coating and temperature (55, 65 and 75C) on the convective dehydration characteristics and quality parameters of dried pineapple samples were studied. The mass transfer kinetics were then evaluated. The dehydration time for the uncoated sample was less than the coated sample at all the three temperatures. The drying rate of the uncoated sample was more than the coated sample. The effective moisture diffusivity varied in the range of 2.09 × 10−10–3.42 × 10−10 m2/s. A nonlinear regression procedure was used to fit five thin‐layer drying models to the experimental drying curves. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination, mean relative percent error, root mean square error and reduced chi‐square. The Midilli model has shown a better fit to the experimental drying data as compared with other models.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe treatment of coating before osmotic dehydration helps in reducing the problem of large solute intake without affecting much on the water removal. The fruits obtained by combining coating, osmotic dehydration and convective dehydration exhibit better nutritional quality, good appearance and extended shelf life. The product can be used in the areas of nonavailability of fruit. The fruits after rehydration can be added in ice cream, yoghurt and confectionary products.
The role of soil community biodiversity in insect biodiversity
Authors: BENNETT ALISON 
Published: February 2010

Abstract. 1. This study demonstrates that feedback loops between plants and insects contribute to both plant and insect diversity. Synthesis of several studies reveals that both bottom‐up and top‐down forces are important for plant and insect communities.2. Feedback loops between plants and soil organisms contribute to plant and soil diversity. An analysis of multiple systems reveals that pathogens, mutualists, and a wide variety of soil fauna directly influence, and are influenced by, plant diversity.3. The connection of plant–insect and soil–plant feedback loops leads to the maintenance of all three groups, and the maintenance of these feedback loops crucially affects insect diversity. Examples of the influence of soil community diversity on insect diversity, and the influence of insect diversity on soil community diversity, as well as feedbacks through all three trophic levels are provided.4. Finally, means of conserving and restoring soil communities to influence the conservation and restoration of insect communities are discussed.
Protein Kinase Cι Is Required for Pancreatic Cancer Cell Transformed Growth and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Scotti Michele L. , Bamlet William R. , Smyrk Thomas C. , Fields Alan P. , Murray Nicole R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, with an overall 5-year survival rate of &lt;5%. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of pancreatic cancer, is highly resistant to conventional chemotherapies, underscoring the critical need for new molecular targets for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy. The KRAS proto-oncogene is mutated in &gt;90% of PDAC. Protein kinase Cι (PKCι) is required for the oncogenic Ras–mediated transformed growth of lung cancer and intestinal epithelial cells. However, little is known about the role of PKCι in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the expression of PKCι in human pancreatic cancer and the requirement for PKCι for the transformed growth and tumorigenicity of PDAC cells. We find that PKCι is significantly overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer, and high PKCι expression correlates with poor patient survival. Inhibition of PKCι expression blocks PDAC cell transformed growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Inhibition of PKCι expression in pancreatic tumors also significantly reduces tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Analysis of downstream PKCι effectors implicates the Rac1-MEK/ERK1/2 signaling axis in PKCι-mediated transformed growth and cellular invasion. Taken together, our data show a required role for PKCι in the transformed growth of pancreatic cancer cells and reveal a novel role for PKCι in pancreatic cancer cell metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Our results strongly indicate that PKCι will be an effective target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 70(5); 2064–74
The First-in-Human Study of the Hydrogen Sulfate (Hyd-Sulfate) Capsule of the MEK1/2 Inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886): A Phase I Open-Label Multicenter Trial in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Banerji Udai , Camidge D. Ross , Verheul Henk M.W. , Agarwal Roshan , Sarker Debashis , Kaye Stan B. , Desar Ingrid M.E. , Timmer-Bonte Johanna N.H. , Eckhardt S. Gail , Lewis Karl D. , Brown Kathryn H. , Cantarini Mireille V. , Morris Clive , George Sarah M.A. , Smith Paul D. , van Herpen Carla M.L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Purpose: In part A, the aim was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the hydrogen sulfate (Hyd-Sulfate) oral capsule formulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886). In part B, the aim was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of the new Hyd-Sulfate capsule with the initial AZD6244 free-base suspension and further characterize the pharmacodynamic profile and efficacy of the new formulation.
Experimental Design: In part A, 30 patients received escalating doses of AZD6244 Hyd-Sulfate twice daily. In part B, 29 patients were randomized to a single dose of the Hyd-Sulfate capsule or free-base suspension, followed by a washout, then a single dose of the alternative formulation. Patients received the Hyd-Sulfate capsule twice daily at MTD of part A thereafter.
Results: The MTD of the Hyd-Sulfate capsule was 75 mg twice daily. Dose limiting toxicities were Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 acneiform rash and pleural effusion. Fatigue (65.7%) and acneiform dermatitis (60.0%) were the most frequent adverse events at the MTD. Based on area under curve0-24, exposure of the 75 mg Hyd-Sulfate capsule relative to the 100 mg free-base suspension was 197% (90% confidence interval, 161-242%). Pharmacodynamic analysis showed that inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate–induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in peripheral blood lymphocytes was related to plasma concentrations of AZD6244, with an estimated IC50 of 352 ng/mL and maximum inhibition (Emax) of ∼91%, showing target inhibition. A patient with metastatic melanoma bearing a V600E BRAF mutation achieved a complete response persisting after 15 months of therapy.
Conclusions: The AZD6244 Hyd-Sulfate capsule formulation has shown a favorable toxicity, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile, and is being taken forward in ongoing clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 16(5); 1613–23
Nonsense-Mediated RNA Decay Regulation by Cellular Stress: Implications for Tumorigenesis
Authors: Gardner Lawrence B. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) has long been viewed as an important constitutive mechanism to rapidly eliminate mutated mRNAs. More recently, it has been appreciated that NMD also degrades multiple nonmutated transcripts and that NMD can be regulated by wide variety of cellular stresses. Many of the stresses that inhibit NMD, including cellular hypoxia and amino acid deprivation, are experienced in cells exposed to hostile microenvironments, and several NMD-targeted transcripts promote cellular adaptation in response to these environmental stresses. Because adaptation to the microenvironment is crucial in tumorigenesis, and because NMD targets many mutated tumor suppressor gene transcripts, the regulation of NMD may have particularly important implications in cancer. This review briefly outlines the mechanisms by which transcripts are identified and targeted by NMD and reviews the evidence showing that NMD is a regulated process that can dynamically alter gene expression. Although much of the focus in NMD research has been in identifying the proteins that play a role in NMD and identifying NMD-targeted transcripts, recent data about the potential functional significance of NMD regulation, including the stabilization of alternatively spliced mRNA isoforms, the validation of mRNAs as bona fide NMD targets, and the role of NMD in tumorigenesis, are explored. Mol Cancer Res; 8(3); 295–308
Pediatric primary central nervous system germ cell tumors of different prognosis groups show characteristic miRNome traits and chromosome copy number variations
Authors: Wang Hsei-Wei , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Hsieh Jui-Yu , Liang Muh-Lii , Chao Meng-En , Liu Da-Jung , Hsu Ming-Ta , Wong Tai-Tong 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Intracranial pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and heterogeneous neoplasms and vary in histological differentiation, prognosis and clinical behavior. Germinoma and mature teratoma are GCTs that have a good prognosis, while other types of GCTs, termed nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (NGMGCTs), are tumors with an intermediate or poor prognosis. The second group of tumors requires more extensive drug and irradiation treatment regimens. The mechanisms underlying the differences in incidence and prognosis of the various GCT subgroups are unclear.

Results
We identified a distinct mRNA profile correlating with GCT histological differentiation and prognosis, and also present in this study the first miRNA profile of pediatric primary intracranial GCTs. Most of the differentially expressed miRNAs were downregulated in germinomas, but miR-142-5p and miR-146a were upregulated. Genes responsible for self-renewal (such as POU5F1 (OCT4), NANOG and KLF4) and the immune response were abundant in germinomas, while genes associated with neuron differentiation, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (including SNAI2 (SLUG) and TWIST2) were abundant in NGMGCTs. Clear transcriptome segregation based on patient survival was observed, with malignant NGMGCTs being closest to embryonic stem cells. Chromosome copy number variations (CNVs) at cytobands 4q13.3-4q28.3 and 9p11.2-9q13 correlated with GCT malignancy and clinical risk. Six genes (BANK1, CXCL9, CXCL11, DDIT4L, ELOVL6 and HERC5) within 4q13.3-4q28.3 were more abundant in germinomas.

Conclusions
Our results integrate molecular profiles with clinical observations and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms causing GCT malignancy. The genes, pathways and microRNAs identified have the potential to be novel therapeutic targets.
CD133, CD15/SSEA-1, CD34 or side populations do not resume tumor-initiating properties of long-term cultured cancer stem cells from human malignant glio-neuronal tumors
Authors: Patru Cristina , Romao Luciana , Varlet Pascale , Coulombel Laure , Raponi Eric , Cadusseau Josette , Renault-Mihara François , Thirant Cécile , Leonard Nadine , Berhneim Alain , Mihalescu-Maingot Maria , Haiech Jacques , Bièche Ivan , Moura-Neto Vivaldo , Daumas-Duport Catherine , Junier Marie-Pierre , Chneiweiss Hervé 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Tumor initiating cells (TICs) provide a new paradigm for developing original therapeutic strategies.

Methods
We screened for TICs in 47 human adult brain malignant tumors. Cells forming floating spheres in culture, and endowed with all of the features expected from tumor cells with stem-like properties were obtained from glioblastomas, medulloblastoma but not oligodendrogliomas.

Results
A long-term self-renewal capacity was particularly observed for cells of malignant glio-neuronal tumors (MGNTs). Cell sorting, karyotyping and proteomic analysis demonstrated cell stability throughout prolonged passages. Xenografts of fewer than 500 cells in Nude mouse brains induced a progressively growing tumor. CD133, CD15/LeX/Ssea-1, CD34 expressions, or exclusion of Hoechst dye occurred in subsets of cells forming spheres, but was not predictive of their capacity to form secondary spheres or tumors, or to resist high doses of temozolomide.

Conclusions
Our results further highlight the specificity of a subset of high-grade gliomas, MGNT. TICs derived from these tumors represent a new tool to screen for innovative therapies.
Robinson-Foulds Supertrees
Authors: Bansal Mukul S , Burleigh J Gordon , Eulenstein Oliver , Fernández-Baca David 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundSupertree methods synthesize collections of small phylogenetic trees with incomplete taxon overlap into comprehensive trees, or supertrees, that include all taxa found in the input trees. Supertree methods based on the well established Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance have the potential to build supertrees that retain much information from the input trees. Specifically, the RF supertree problem seeks a binary supertree that minimizes the sum of the RF distances from the supertree to the input trees. Thus, an RF supertree is a supertree that is consistent with the largest number of clusters (or clades) from the input trees.ResultsWe introduce efficient, local search based, hill-climbing heuristics for the intrinsically hard RF supertree problem on rooted trees. These heuristics use novel non-trivial algorithms for the SPR and TBR local search problems which improve on the time complexity of the best known (naïve) solutions by a factor of Θ(n) and Θ(n2) respectively (wherenis the number of taxa, or leaves, in the supertree). We use an implementation of our new algorithms to examine the performance of the RF supertree method and compare it to matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) and the triplet supertree method using four supertree data sets. Not only did our RF heuristic provide fast estimates of RF supertrees in all data sets, but the RF supertrees also retained more of the information from the input trees (based on the RF distance) than the other supertree methods.ConclusionsOur heuristics for the RF supertree problem, based on our new local search algorithms, make it possible for the first time to estimate large supertrees by directly optimizing the RF distance from rooted input trees to the supertrees. This provides a new and fast method to build accurate supertrees. RF supertrees may also be useful for estimating majority-rule(-) supertrees, which are a generalization of majority-rule consensus trees.
Relative hyperlactatemia and hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective multi-centre study
Authors: Nichol Alistair D , Egi Moritoki , Pettila Ville , Bellomo Rinaldo , French Craig , Hart Graeme , Davies Andrew , Stachowski Edward , Reade Michael C , Bailey Michael , Cooper David James 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Higher lactate concentrations within the normal reference range (relative hyperlactatemia) are not considered clinically significant. We tested the hypothesis that relative hyperlactatemia is independently associated with an increased risk of hospital death.

Methods
This observational study examined a prospectively obtained intensive care database of 7,155 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of four Australian university hospitals. We assessed the relationship between ICU admission lactate, maximal lactate and time-weighted lactate levels and hospital outcome in all patients and also in those patients whose lactate concentrations (admission n = 3,964, maximal n = 2,511, and time-weighted n = 4,584) were under 2 mmol.L-1 (i.e. relative hyperlactatemia).

Results
We obtained 172,723 lactate measurements. Higher admission and time-weightedlactate concentration within the reference range was independently associated with increased hospital mortality (admission odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 3.5, P = 0.01; time-weighted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.00, P < 0.0001). This significant association was first detectable at lactate concentrations > 0.75 mmol.L-1. Furthermore, in patients whose lactate ever exceeded 2 mmol.L-1, higher time-weighted lactate remained strongly associated with higher hospital mortality (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In critically ill patients, relative hyperlactataemia is independently associated with increased hospital mortality. Blood lactate concentrations > 0.75 mmol.L-1 can be used by clinicians to identify patients at higher risk of death. The current reference range for lactate in the critically ill may need to be re-assessed.
Dysregulation of kallikrein-related peptidases in renal cell carcinoma: potential targets of miRNAs
Authors: White Nicole M. , Bui Anna , Mejia-Guerrero Salvador , Chao Julie , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Youssef Youssef , Mankaruos Marina , Honey R. John , Stewart Robert , Pace Kenneth T. , Sugar Linda , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Doré Jules , Yousef George M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all adult malignancies and currently no diagnostic marker exists. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been implicated in numerous cancers including ovarian, prostate, and breast carcinoma. KLKs 5, 6, 10, and 11 have decreased expression in RCC when compared to normal kidney tissue. Our bioinformatic analysis indicated that theKLK 1,6, and7genes have decreased expression in RCC. We experimentally verified these results and found that decreased expression ofKLKs 1and3were significantly associated with the clear cell RCC subtype (p<0.001). An analysis of miRNAs differentially expressed in RCC showed that 61 of the 117 miRNAs that were reported to be dysregulated in RCC were predicted to target KLKs. We experimentally validated two targets using two independent approaches. Transfection of miR-224 into HEK-293 cells resulted in decreased KLK1 protein levels. A luciferase assay demonstrated that hsa-let-7f can target KLK10 in the RCC cell line ACHN. Our results, showing differential expression of KLKs in RCC, suggest that KLKs could be novel diagnostic markers for RCC and that their dysregulation could be under miRNA control. The observation that KLKs could represent targets for miRNAs suggests a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism with possible future therapeutic applications.
Tissue kallikrein in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal diseases and skin wound healing
Authors: Chao Julie , Shen Bo , Gao Lin , Xia Chun-Fang , Bledsoe Grant , Chao Lee 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTissue kallikrein (KLK1) processes low-molecular weight kininogen to produce vasoactive kinins, which exert biological functions via kinin receptor signaling. Using various delivery approaches, we have demonstrated that tissue kallikrein through kinin B2 receptor signaling exhibits a wide spectrum of beneficial effects by reducing cardiac and renal injuries, restenosis and ischemic stroke, and by promoting angiogenesis and skin wound healing, independent of blood pressure reduction. Protection by tissue kallikrein in oxidative organ damage is attributed to the inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Tissue kallikrein also enhances neovascularization in ischemic heart and limb. Moreover, tissue kallikrein/kinin infusion not only prevents but also reverses kidney injury, inflammation and fibrosis in salt-induced hypertensive rats. Furthermore, there is a wide time window for kallikrein administration in protection against ischemic brain infarction, as delayed kallikrein infusion for 24 h after cerebral ischemia in rats is effective in reducing neurological deficits, infarct size, apoptosis and inflammation. Importantly, in the clinical setting, human tissue kallikrein has been proven to be effective in the treatment of patients with acute brain infarction when injected within 48 h after stroke onset. Finally, kallikrein promotes skin wound healing and keratinocyte migration by direct activation of protease-activated receptor 1.