bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global warming
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A study prepared for the National Science Foundation (NSF) by engineers and economists at the Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University concludes that the global warming caused by buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere during the next century can at least be slowed down if we learn to use nonpolluting energy sources more efficiently. It will take international cooperation, however, and prompt action to keep the greenhouse effects to a minimum.The report follows on the heels of two separate studies released in October by the National Research Council and the Environmental Protection Agency on carbon dioxide and global warming (Eos, November 15, 1983, p. 929). Like those groups, the NSF study panel believes that “a significant … warming in the next century probably cannot be avoided.” However, “the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 due to fossil fuel consumption can be significantly reduced via the adoption of realistic energy strategies that are relatively ‘CO2‐benign.”’ The so‐called greenhouse effect is caused when carbon dioxide and other gasses create an atmospheric blanket that traps heat near the surface.
Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Second Assessment: The Long‐Term Impacts of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Levels
Authors: Berger A. 
Published: October 2011

There are quite a large number of excellent publications now available in the domain of carbon dioxide and climate. After a period of intense research on the subject conducted under the sponsorship of national and international institutions like the U.S. National Research Council, the U.S. Department of Energy, the Environment Agency of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, the World Climate Program, the Commission of the European Communities and others, syntheses are now possible.Over the past decades, extreme climatic events in different parts of the world have made us aware of our vulnerability to climatic variations and variability. But it is also more and more recognized that not only man may possibly be affected by climate but also that climate is vulnerable to man's activities. These human activities, especially those related to industrial processes and the practice of agricultural burning and soil management, result in the release of particles and trace gases in the atmosphere. The increase of atmospheric CO2 which is worldwide poses a special problem of major concern.
1983 AGU Fall Meeting Report
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In only 5 days the AGU 1983 Fall Meeting in San Francisco accommodated more than 3100 attendees and more than 2100 papers. Each of the special, all‐Union sessions attracted crowds of close to 1100 persons. Except for the 1982 Fall Meeting, which covered 8 days and included the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) Winter Meeting, 1983's was the largest AGU Fall Meeting ever.The large number of presentaions at the 1983 meeting was handled efficiently by assigning more than 30% of the papers to poster sessions, which were to many participants the highlight of the meeting. Poster presentations are becoming extremely good, and some of the more spirited sessions make many oral presentations seem pale in comparison. The sight of some of the world's leading geophysicists chatting over a poster paper with a student attested to one of the advantages of this type of presentation.
[Comment on “The impact of VLBI and GPS on geodesy”] Global positioning technology
Authors: Perreault Paul D. 
Published: October 2011

In an otherwise excellent article (“The Impact of VLBI and GPS on Geodesy,” Eos, September 27, 1983, p. 569), Dr. John D. Bossler inaccurately reports that the Macrometer, a single channel receiver which came to market only last year and is restricted to relative position use was the first global positioning system (GPS) receiver to become commercially available.As many in the geophysics community know, Stanford Telecommunications, Inc. (STI), has provided GPS receivers and transmitters commercially for almost 5 years.
Tectonics
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

John Dewey will complete his term as editor‐in‐chief of Tectonics at the end of 1984. Clark Burchfiel's term as North American Editor will also end. Tectonics is published jointly with the European Geophysical Society. This newest of AGU's journals has already established itself as an important journal bridging the concerns of geophysics and geology.James A. Van Allen, president of AGU, has appointed a committee to recommend candidates for both editor‐in‐chief and North American editor for the 1985–1987 term.
Geochemistry of Sedimentary Ore Deposits
Authors: Rose Arthur W. 
Published: October 2011

Ore deposit geochemists and economic geologists have in the past directed most of their attention toward hydrothermal deposits, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that sedimentary deposits are of key future importance because of their size and other favorable characteristics. In addition, many deposits formerly considered hydrothermal are now recognized as sedimentary or as having important sedimentary affiliations. Geochemistry of Sedimentary Ore Deposits is the first to summarize and discuss the geochemistry of these important deposits, and it is therefore a welcome addition to the literature.The definition for “sedimentary ore deposits” adopted in this book is “formed by sedimentary processes.” Maynard therefore includes Mississippi Valley lead‐zinc ores (formed by hot sedimentary brines) and volcanogenic sulfides (deposited on the sea floor) as well as iron formation and sedimentary copper ores. The emphasis is on chemical sediments, so that placers are not included, nor are nonmetallics such as evaporites. The coverage thus encompasses metallic deposits formed by syngenetic and diagenetic processes, plus epigenetic ores formed by sedimentary brines or hydrothermal fluid at the sea floor.
Lunar core: occam's razor?
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Whether or not the earth's moon has a core is a much bandied question. Like many notions about the properties of the moon, ideas of a lunar core changed drastically after the Apollo studies. A review of the development of these ideas was given a scholarly treatment by S.K. Runcorn recently (Nature, 304, 589‐596, 1983). In contrast, L.L. Hood, C.P. Sonett, and L.J. Srnka have questioned the concept in serious detail (Nature, 307, 661‐662, 1984).Whether or not the moon actually has or has had a fluid metallic core is of great consequence for a number of geophysical theories about the solar system. Most investigators concede that the possible existence of a lunar core remains one of the major unanswered, and yet most critical, questions about the moon. A lot rides on the answer: Can a lunar‐sized body have a core? Is the core metallic? How is the core related to lunar magnetism and its paleomagnetism? Is or was a lunar core related to lunar volcanism? If the moon can have a core, is planetary core formation in the solar system a simple matter of gravitationally segregating metallic fragments that were formed elsewhere? Implications of the questions are without limit. There is, perhaps, no more valid issue about the moon to explore scientifically.
Fulbright Awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Competition begins this month for the approximately 750 Fulbright Scholar Awards available for 1985–1986. Roughly 275 awards are for postdoctoral research in more than 100 countries; the remainder are for college and university lecturing abroad or for consultative or teaching positions with governmental bodies or other professional institutions.The application deadline for awards with placement in Australasia, India, Latin America, and the Caribbean is June 15, 1984; September 15 is the deadline for awards available in Africa, Asia (except India), Europe, and the Middle East.
Solar max: Three hits, one save”
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In the end it was all smiles and congratulations, but the crew of the space shuttle Challenger and NASA engineers in Houston and at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., were not forgetting how close the Solar Maximum (Solar Max) satellite repair mission had come to being the Solar Max destruction mission. In fact, if it had not been for a late night resuscitation effort by a team of engineers at Goddard and a particularly providential sunrise, the shuttle crew might never have gotten their hands back on the $200 million orbiting solar observatory after a docking attempt on the mission's third day knocked it out of kilter. As it is, thanks to the astronauts' skilled repair work, the satellite is now ready for another 6 years or more of sun watching.Solar Max had been stranded in space since 1980, the victim of blown fuses in its attitude control system that left four of its seven science instruments without accurate pointing capability. Shortly after the blow out, Goddard technicians had put the satellite in a slow, “coning” spin to keep its solar panels pointing at the sun and the batteries charged up. In this holding pattern, turning at the rate of 1° per second, the first satellite designed to be reserviced in orbit had awaited its rescuers for more than 3 years.
Employers holding line on salaries
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A by‐product of the economic recovery this spring is an upswing in college recruiting activity. According to many placement directors, the number of employers interviewing on campus has increased; in some cases, interview schedules are full. Likewise, employers report that competition for students is heightening as the recruiting year progresses.One significant difference in this upturn, compared with previous increases in college recruiting activity, is that starting salary offers are remaining fairly stable. The College Placement Council's March 1984 Salary Survey report shows only slight upward movement.
Automated information for Earth science
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Detailed descriptions of nearly 300 digital data bases and the systems operating them are featured in a revised edition of a comprehensive report on the automated earth science information systems and data bases of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Bureau of Land Management, and the Minerals Management Service.Among the earth science data bases available are lunar geochemical data from the Apollo missions; data on newly identified coal resources in the United States; seismic data on earthquake magnitudes from 2,700 stations worldwide; data on more than 2 million place names nationwide; data from more than 200,000 aerial photographs used in USGS mapping efforts; the locations and ages of aquifer systems throughout the country; and water use data for the nation. The publication also provides indexes of titles, acronyms, and contact persons. A keyword list contains 2,000 subject words with references to specific data bases and systems.
Fulbright update
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Opportunities to teach or perform postdoctoral research in the earth and atmospheric sciences under the Fulbright awards program for 1985–1986 (Eos, April 10, 1984, p. 137) are available in nine countries, according to the Council for the International Exchange of Scholars.The countries and specialization opportunities are Bharain, any specialization; France, soil science and cartography; India, any specialization of geology; Ireland, geophysics; Morocco, consulting and teaching methods; Norway, marine geology, regional and structural geology, petrology, volcanology, sedimentology, and petroleum geology; Pakistan, any specialization of geology and mineralogy; USSR, any specialization; and Zimbabwe, exploration geophysics.
Acid rain study in Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

As part of the continuing investigation into the sources and mechanisms of acid rain, a research project sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will attempt this summer to find out if natural substances blowing inland from the Gulf of Mexico might be partly responsible for the acidic rain that afflicts the midwestern and eastern United States.A research team flying a Beechcraft twin‐engine airplane will sample air quality at various points offshore, along the Gulf Coast, and inland to measure concentrations of chemicals that are “acid precursors.” These precursors—sulfate, sulfur‐containing gases, and alkaline materials—form naturally in the Gulf, its estuaries and coastal wetlands, according to the project's principal investigator, Rudolf F. Pueschel of NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories. The chemicals rise into the atmosphere and are carried inland by onshore winds; the NOAA study group would like to know more about their concentration as they move northward over the continent.
EEZ bathymetry: Ship time opportunities
Authors: Pryor Donald 
Published: October 2011

A recent interagency agreement offers the prospect of ship time for federal and nonfederal researchers. Under the agreement, recently signed by John V. Byrne, Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Dallas L. Peck, Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the two federal agencies have agreed to a joint program of bathymetric mapping of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (Eos, June 12, 1984, p. 393). These cruises will present the opportunity for other investigators to gather data in conjunction with the bathymetric surveys.NOAA ships, employing modern multibeam sonars and the best available navigation, will conduct the field surveys and process the data. The data and other products will be used by NOAA for their nautical charting program and by the USGS for their geological and geophysical marine map series. NOAA plans to produce a new series of high resolution bathymetric maps based on these data. The data will also be available to others via NOAA's data center in Boulder (National Geophysical Data Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303).
IAVCEI Working Group on Explosive Volcanism
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The working group (W.G.) will address basic problems and unanswered questions in the realm of explosive volcanism and its products. Its primary functions are the organization of field and laboratory consortia, formal meetings, and the editing of special publications. Through these means we propose to stimulate research and communication on explosive volcanism.The W.G. has three main areas of interest: (1) pyroclastic deposits, including characterization, stratigraphy and tephrochronology; (2) eruption mechanisms nd eruption dynamics, including geochemical and geophysical studies, modeling of volcanic systems and depositional processes, and fluid dynamics (much of this work can be applied to volcanic hazard analysis); and (3) interaction of explosive eruptions and the atmosphere.
BOSP solicits community input
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

To fulfill its role in serving the ocean sciences community and the federal agencies that fund ocean activities, the Board of Ocean Science and Policy (BOSP) of the National Research Council is calling for community input to a report on future trends and new opportunities in ocean science and policy through the year 2000BOSP is seeking information on the needs and opportunities in the field as broadly defined as ranging from augmentation of existing activities to new facilities to new ideas. In its first stage, the study will consist of a series of reports focused on 10 areas (see list below). The second stage will focus on themes that link the defined disciplines. Ideas and suggestions about linking themes also are welcomed for the BOSP report.
Waterman Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Nominations are now being accepted for the Alan T. Waterman Award, which annually recognizes an outstanding young scientist in the forefront of science. The award, named for the first director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), was established by Congress in 1975 to mark the agency's silver anniversary.Candidates for the 1985 award must be U.S. citizens and must be 35 years old or younger (or not be more than 5 years beyond receipt of the Ph.D. degree by December 31, 1984). Candidates should have completed sufficient scientific or engineering research to have demonstrated through personal accomplishments outstanding capability and exceptional promise for significant future achievement, the award committee says. In addition, those nominated should exhibit quality, innovation, and potential for discovery in their research.
Satellite troubles
Authors: Richman Barbara T. 
Published: October 2011

Two satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) encountered serious trouble recentlyThe Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) that provided weather pictures for the eastern half of the United States and Canada, all of Central and South America, and much of the Atlantic Ocean, failed on July 29; an incandescent lamp for the encoder burned out. In mid June, the NOAA‐8 environmental monitoring satellite lost its attitude control system and began tumbling in orbit at the beginning of July. The satellite includes a payload called SARSAT that enables the satellite to relay emergency signals from downed aircraft and ships in distress.
New space office
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has established an Office of Space Station to direct the agency's efforts to develop a permanently manned space station within a decade (Eos, February 14, 1984, p. 51).The new program office, located at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C., will provide overall policy and program direction for the space station program. The space station program office at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Tex., will report to the new program office. Space station project offices at other NASA centers will be responsible to the new office through Johnson Space Center. The Johnson Space Center was named the lead center for the space station in February.
Covering for GOES
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In the wake of last July's failure of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES 5) weather satellite over the eastern part of the United States, managers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are trying to keep the weather data flowing to satellite users around the country. The geosynchronous satellite, one of two GOES spacecraft stationed over American longitudes, lost its imaging capability on July 29 (Eos, August 21, 1984, p. 483).Following the failure, the companion GOES‐West satellite was shifted from its 135°W station to a more central position over the United States (98°W) so as to cover the eastern part of the country as much as possible. Now, says William Callicott, deputy director of NOAA's Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution, the lone remaining U.S. geosynchronous weather satellite will be shifted around with the seasons. At the end of this hurricane season, sometime after November 15, GOES‐West (or GOES 6, as it is officially called) will be moved from 98°W to 108°W, where it can better keep watch on winter storms in the northeastern Pacific. Then, in mid‐April, after the tornado season, it will be moved back to the central location of 98°W.
APEX: The Arctic Polynya Experiment
Authors: Muench Robin D. , Pease Carol H. 
Published: October 2011

A field experiment has been initiated to address the mesoscale oceanographic, sea ice, and meteorological processes associated with a polynya, or high‐latitude area of semipermanent open water and vigorous new ice growth. This experiment, called the Arctic Polynya Experiment (APEX), is taking place in and around the St. Lawrence Island Polynya on the northern Bering Sea shelf. This polynya was selected for study because it typifies many such features found throughout the Arctic and Antarctic, is relatively accessible, and lies in a region that is of considerable interest due to projected resource development.A polynya is an open water area which persists despite environmental conditions which would seem to dictate formation of an ice cover. Such areas may be due to a variety of causes. The majority appear to occur, however, when a physical barrier, such as a coastline or a channel constriction, allows prevailing winds or currents to sweep newly formed ice away while at the same time preventing existing ice from moving into the area. The St. Lawrence Island Polynya occurs along the southern, or lee, coastline of St. Lawrence Island as the prevailing northerly winds sweep ice away toward the south. Polynyas are of oceanographic interest because they are sites for vigorous, continuous ice formation and are therefore sources both of new ice and of dense, brine‐enriched water. They are of interest meteorologically because the associated strong sea‐air heat fluxes modify the atmospheric boundary layer.
NRC associateships available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council (NRC) has announced that some 2500 new full‐time associateships will be awarded in 1985 for research in the sciences and engineering. Most of the positions are open to both U.S. and non‐U.S. nationals and to both recent Ph.D. holders and senior investigators. Applications must be postmarked no later than January 15, 1985. The announcement of initial awards is expected in March and April 1985.The associateships will be awarded on a competitive basis for research in chemistry, engineering, and mathematics and in the earth, environmental, physical, space, and life sciences. More than 20 federal agencies or research institutions located throughout the United States will participate.
NASA guest investigators
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now seeking guest investigators to participate in the International Sun‐Earth Explorer (ISEE) and International Cometary Explorer (ICE) programs. The ISEE/ICE project is a joint NASA/European Space Agency (ESA) venture. A budget of approximately $500,000 to support the ISEE/ICE Guest Investigator Program is expected for fiscal year 1985, and a similar amount is expected for FY 1986.Although NASA welcomes proposals at any time, proposals must be received by mid‐October in order to be considered in the initial selection. Those arriving after mid‐November may be held for another selection period.
Continental drilling
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) now is considering a proposal to begin initial studies on a 10‐km drill hole, deeper than any drilled in the United States to date, to be located in the southern Appalachians. Earlier this year a National Research Council (NRC) committee recommended that this area—a thin‐crust overthrust region—should be a first priority if and when monies are made available for deep drilling projects.If NSF accepts the proposal, funding, reportedly $2 million, will be made available to pinpoint the specific drill location and to develop the necessary base of regional information needed to conduct the drilling operations and scientific investigations. NSF is expected to reach a decision soon.