bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imparting Ultrahigh Strength to Polymers via a New Concept Strategy of Construction of up to Duodecuple Hydrogen Bonding among Macromolecular Chains
Authors: Wen Yi Wei , Li Ming , Fan Long Fei , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInterconnecting macromolecules via multiple hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) can simultaneously strengthen and toughen polymers, but material synthesis becomes extremely difficult with increasing number of H‐bonding donors and acceptors; therefore, most reports are limited to triple and quadruple H‐bonds. Herein, this bottleneck is overcome by adopting a quartet‐wise approach of constructing H‐bonds instead of the traditional pairwise method. Thus, large multiple hydrogen bonds can be easily established, and the supramolecular interactions are further reinforced. Especially, when such multiple H‐bond motifs are embedded in polymers, four macromolecular chains—rather than two as usual—are tied, distributing the applied stress over a larger volume and more significantly improving the overall mechanical properties. Proof‐of‐concept studies indicate that the proposed intermolecular multiple H‐bonds (up to duodecuple) are readily introduced in polyurethane. A record‐high tensile strength (105.2 MPa) is achieved alongside outstanding toughness (352.1 MJ m−3), fracture energy (480.7 kJ m−2), and fatigue threshold (2978.4 J m−2). Meantime, the polyurethane has acquired excellent self‐healability and recyclability. This strategy is also applicable to nonpolar polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxane, whose strength (15.3 MPa) and toughness (50.3 MJ m−3) are among the highest reported to date for silicones. This new technique has good expandability and can be used to develop even more and stronger polymers.
Nonlinear Current Injection in Hexagonal Boron Nitride using Linearly Polarized Light in a Deeply Off‐Resonant Regime
Authors: Mao Wenwen , Rubio Angel , Sato Shunsuke A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLight‐induced electron dynamics in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride is theoretically investigated under the influence of two‐color linearly‐polarized laser fields at frequencies ω and 2ω, by solving the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation with a tight‐binding model. In the weak field regime, it is confirm that the injection of ballistic current arises from the breakdown of time‐reversal symmetry. This phenomenon is attributed to quantum interference between two distinct excitation paths: a one‐photon (2ℏω) absorption path and a two‐photon (ℏω) absorption path. In a strong field regime, the analysis reveals that the two‐color laser fields may generate a substantial population imbalance within momentum space, consequently facilitating the injection of ballistic current even in a deeply off‐resonant regime. The findings demonstrate that a pronounced population imbalance exceeding 30% of excited electrons can be realized without relying on the ellipticity of the fields. This highlights the potential of linearly polarized light for efficient photovoltaic effects and valley population control in 2D systems and heterostructures.
PtSe2/InP Mixed‐Dimensional Schottky Junction for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Near‐Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Wang Jiang , Fu Can , Jiang Mengting , Hu Yi , Liu Yuanda , Zhu Meng‐Lei , Yu Jie , Fu Jichao , Lin Ronghui , Wu Di , Mahfoud Zackaria , Jia Sim Ai , Liang Feng‐Xia , Li Li , Teng Jinghua , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSelf‐powered near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors utilizing low‐dimensional materials are promising owing to their low‐power‐consumption and superior photoresponse performance. The strong light‐matter interaction and other intriguing physical mechanisms (such as high mobility, dangling‐bond‐free surface) in 2D semiconductor materials, combined with the flexible fabrication of device structures, create new opportunities for the optoelectronic devices. Here, a self‐powered NIR Schottky junction photodetector is demonstrated by vertically stacking 2D PtSe2 film atop an InP wafer. The strong built‐in electric field formed at PtSe2/InP interface endows the device with self‐powered operation with an ultralow dark current of 45 pA at room temperature under 0 V bias. The responsivity and detectivity at 940 nm illumination reach up to 0.718 A W−1 and 4.37 × 1012 Jones, respectively. Furthermore, TCAD simulations showed that the significant electric field at the PtSe2/InP interface is pivotal for its superior self‐powered detection performance. Remarkably, the device achieves a high Ilight/Idark ratio exceeding 105 and a fast response time of 4.35/5.66 µs, and sensitivity to NIR light polarization. This study provides a new perspective for the integration of hybrid 2D materials with 3D semiconductors in the next‐generation optoelectronic devices and integrated systems.
Self‐lubricating polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6 microcapsule‐based composites
Authors: Grünewald Moritz , Herbig David , Heilig Michael , Rudloff Johannes , Bastian Martin , Engelmann Gunnar , Hirsekorn Max , Latnikova Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolymeric applications with extended service life and low energy loss due to friction are of great interest in conveyor and power transmission technology. Self‐lubricating systems utilizing microcapsules hold significant potential for increasing energy efficiency and extending the operational life of these applications. This study focuses on synthesizing oil‐filled microcapsules through in situ polymerization of polyamide and their incorporation in polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6. Microcapsules with a core made of thermally stable lubricant Food Lube, and particle diameter D90 of 50 μm were synthesized and isolated as a free‐flowing powder via spray‐drying procedure. The resulting powder demonstrated high thermal stability (loss of 5% at 350°C) due to the high thermal stability of both core and shell materials. A compounding process utilizing a twin‐screw extruder was developed to blend microcapsules into thermoplastic matrices. An injection molding machine forms tension rods. The composites' tribological properties are assessed through ball‐on‐disc tests conducted in both oscillation and rotation. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites experience a reduction of 79% and 56% for polyamide 6, as well as 77% and 75% for polyamide 6.6. Mechanical testing of the microcapsule composites reveals a decrease in mechanical properties.
Impacts of setting a numeric minimum disinfectant residual for public water system distribution systems
Authors: Samson Carleigh , Seidel Chad , Masters Sheldon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires public water systems (PWSs) that disinfect to maintain a detectable disinfectant residual throughout the distribution system (DS) to protect consumers against risks from microbial pathogens. The EPA is tasked with proposing revisions to the Microbial, Disinfectant, and Disinfection Byproduct rules by July 2025. Potential revisions could include a numeric minimum disinfectant residual level in place of the “detectable” requirement. Twenty‐three states have defined a required DS numeric minimum disinfectant residual level. Only three such states, Louisiana, Colorado, and Pennsylvania, have made recent changes and have sufficient data available to assess implications. These states were used as case studies to assess the impact this regulatory change had on disinfectant residual levels and microbial and disinfection byproduct (DBP) occurrence in PWS DSs. Results included increases in disinfectant residual levels, decreases in total coliform positive occurrences and violations, and temporary increases in DBP occurrence and violations.
Advances in serum‐free media for CHO cells: From traditional serum substitutes to microbial‐derived substances
Authors: Zhang Mingcan , Zhao Xinyu , Li Ying , Ye Qinghua , Wu Yuwei , Niu Qinya , Zhang Ying , Fan Guanghan , Chen Tianxiang , Xia Jiarui , Wu Qingping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell is an epithelial‐like cell that produces proteins with post‐translational modifications similar to human glycosylation. It is widely used in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins and monoclonal antibodies. Culturing CHO cells typically requires the addition of a certain proportion of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to maintain cell proliferation and passaging. However, serum is characterized by its complex composition, batch‐to‐batch variability, high cost, and potential risk of exogenous contaminants such as mycoplasma and viruses, which impact the purity and safety of the synthesized proteins. Therefore, search for serum alternatives and development of serum‐free media for CHO‐based protein biomanufacturing are of great significance. This review systematically summarizes the application advantages of CHO cells and strategies for high‐density expression. It highlights the developmental trends of serum substitutes from human platelet lysates to animal‐free extracts and microbial‐derived substances and elucidates the mechanisms by which these substitutes enhance CHO cell culture performance and recombinant protein production, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for exploring novel serum alternatives and developing serum‐free media for CHO cells.
Nutraceutical Properties of the Hydroalcoholic Extract and Phenolic Compounds from Yucca aloifolia Edible Flowers
Authors: Pacheco‐Hernández Yesenia , Lozoya‐Gloria Edmundo , Velásquez‐Hernández Francisco E. , Ramírez‐García Sergio A. , Varela‐Caselis Jenaro Leocadio , Villa‐Ruano Nemesio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe flowers of Yucca aloifolia (“flor de izote”) are considered a millenary food in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico. The present investigation reports on the chemical and biological activities of the hydroalcoholic extract (YAHF) obtained from this edible source. HPLC‐MS profiling revealed twenty bioactive phenolic compounds with chlorogenic acid (16.5 mg g−1 DW), quercetin (9.5 mg g−1 FW), and their glycosides (rutin and quercitrin), as well as caffeic acid (8.4 mg g−1 DW) and ferulic acid (7.9 mg g−1 DW) as major compounds dissolved in YAHF. Six metabolites had potent anti‐lipase (IC50<100 μg mL−1) and anti‐ornithine decarboxylase activity (IC50<100 μg mL−1), whereas thirteen exerted strong anti‐alpha‐glucosidase properties (IC50<100 μg mL−1). The evaluation of YAHF in mice subjected to standard oral glucose tolerance tests and prolonged administration of hypercaloric/atherogenic diet (30 days), unraveled their ability to improve glucose and lipid profiles. YAHF and six phenolic compounds significantly reduced DLD‐1 cell viability (IC50, 117.9 μg mL−1) and avoided polyamine accumulation linked to anti‐ornithine decarboxylase activity. YAHF and its twenty constituents exerted low toxicity in probiotics (>1000 μg mL−1) and 3T3 fibroblasts (>2.5 mg−mL−1), sustaining their safeness for human consumption.
Selective Enrichment of Low‐Abundance DNA Variants Based on Programmable Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes
Authors: Zhang Yi , Weng Zhi , Huang Zixuan , Li Qian , Fan Chunhai , Luo Shihua , Song Ping 
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive SummarySingle‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) are crucial in disease development, but their accurate detection is challenging due to their low abundance and interference from wild‐type targets. Although nucleic acid analogs like peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been used for SNV detection, they often lack programmable sensitivity and specificity due to poorly calculated thermodynamics and kinetics. Here, we present a computational method for calculating the stacking energy of PNA and DNA hybrids, leveraging nearest neighbor parameters. Validation against experimental data from 16 sequences under varied hybridization conditions yielded good agreement using Bland‐Altman analysis, with all data points falling within the confidence interval. Our findings indicate that PNA‐DNA hybridization is thermodynamically more stable and exhibits kinetics 140‐fold faster than DNA‐DNA hybridization for identical sequences. Utilizing this computational framework, we designed PNA toehold probes, which were screened via simulations and experiments. This combined approach facilitated the identification of highly sensitive and specific PNA toehold probes for single point mutation detection via strand displacement reaction. Our results demonstrate the successful application of PNA toehold probes for detecting point mutations with high sensitivity and specificity, achieving a selective amplification of approximately 200‐fold for variants with a variant allele frequency (VAF) of 0.5% using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Incidence Trends of Vulvar Cancer in the United States: A 20‐Year Population‐Based Study
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Ehsan , Ghasemi Hoomaan , Najafi Morvarid , Yekta Zahra , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite being uncommon, vulvar cancer is a serious health concern with a 5‐year relative survival rate of 71%.AimsThe objective was to investigate the incidence rates of this disease across different racial, ethnic, and histological subgroups in the United States, as well as the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on this cancer.MethodsWe used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 22 database. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology Version 3 topologic code C51 was assigned for vulvar cancer. Average annual percent change (AAPC) and the pairwise comparison with the parallelism and coincidence were reported. Counts and age‐adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 individuals with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsThe age‐adjusted incidence rate of vulvar cancer was 2.40 (95% CI, 2.38–2.43) over the period 2000–2019, with an AAPC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63–0.99). By race/ethnicity, only non‐Hispanic Whites had an increasing trend over 2000–2019 (AAPC: 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07–1.54). The highest age‐adjusted incidence rate of vulvar cancer in the United States was for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There was a significant decrease in the age‐standardized incidence rate of vulvar cancer in all races/ethnicities in all age groups (AAPC: −10.15; 95% CI, −15.35 to −4.94) over 2019–2020. Also, the incidence rates and incident numbers of vulvar cancer increased with aging and peaked at the 85+ age group.ConclusionThere was an increase in the incidence rate of vulvar cancer in all races, with a significantly increased trend in non‐Hispanic White women from 2000 to 2019. SCC displayed the highest incidence rate among vulvar cancer histological types. It is recommended to conduct further research to identify the relevant risk factors of vulvar cancer in the United States.
Urinary cytologic features of primitive neuroectodermal tumor primarily involving the kidney: A case report
Authors: Cheng Kai , Wang Xiaoxia , Bao Wei , Li Rui , Wang Xuan , Rao Qiu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRenal primitive neuroectodermal tumor(rPNET) is an extremely rare and distinct entity that can be mistaken for a variety of other round cell tumors. Findings from fine needle aspiration cytology have been reported, but there have been no reports of PNET cytomorphological features in urine cytology specimen. Here, we report a case of PNET characterized by urine cytology. A 24‐year‐old girl presented with hematuria for half a month. Computed tomography showed a large tumor involving the upper pole of the right kidney. Urinary cytology exhibited highly cellular clusters composed of small, round, atypical cells with little cytoplasm and a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Following a right nephrectomy, the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of rPNET. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the decolorized liquid‐based cytology slide was positive for CD99, further confirming the diagnosis through urine cytology. Our observations suggest that urinary cytology in combination with cytological morphology and immunocytochemistry may be a potentially useful method for the detection of PNET.
Synthesis of Lactones via Electrochemical Sequential Oxidative Process
Authors: Fang Ming , Shang Peinan , Huang Hai , Sun Jianwei , Han Zhengyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we unveil a novel electrochemical oxidative strategy that facilitates the synthesis of lactones from 2‐arylbenzaldehydes and 2‐arylbenzoic acids. Crucially, our method allows for the convergent synthesis of lactones from the combinations of the respective 2‐arylbenzaldehyde and 2‐arylbenzoic acid as starting material, owing to the oxidative process's compatibility within our electrochemical setup. This approach offers a robust and versatile pathway to construct various dibenzopyranones type lactone compounds through an environmentally considerate and economically advantageous process.
Clinical outcomes in perineural spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via the ophthalmic nerve
Authors: Crawford Lachlan , Bowman James , Gandhi Mitesh , Porceddu Sandro V. , Panizza Benedict 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are no large studies reporting oncological or survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with perineural spread (PNS) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) via the ophthalmic nerve (V1). Where orbital exenteration may be necessary for curative treatment, it is critical to have survival data with which the morbidity associated with surgical treatment can be justified. Furthermore, with the emerging treatment option of immunotherapy, current standard of care outcomes are needed to help guide future trial design and eventually changed management guidelines.ObjectiveTo determine the oncological and survival outcomes observed in patients with PNS of cSCC via V1.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively maintained cohort of patients with PNS of cSCC via V1 treated in a tertiary Australian head and neck oncology/skull base referral center. Consecutive sample of 53 patients managed between March 1, 1999 and April 30, 2020. Follow‐up closure date was September 1, 2021. Curative‐intent surgery, curative‐intent radiotherapy, or palliative care was undertaken. Endpoints included five‐year overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival from the date of treatment.ResultsFive‐year Kaplan–Meier overall survival was 61.9% (95% CI 46.2%–74.3%), with disease‐specific survival of 74.6% (95% CI 58.8%–85.3%), and disease‐free survival 62.1% (95% CI 46.5%–74.3%). Survival was superior in patients treated via surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy than in those receiving surgery alone or definitive radiotherapy. Survival was superior among patients with less advanced disease as assessed by the Williams zonal staging system; patients with Zone 1 disease had disease‐specific survival of 94.1% at 5 years with 82.5% disease‐free survival.DiscussionFive‐year oncological and survival outcomes in this cohort were favorable. Superior survival was observed in patients treated with curative‐intent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Less extensive disease as delineated by the Williams zonal staging system was associated with improved survival.ConclusionSurgical resection with adjuvant radiotherapy confers favourable oncological and survival outcome in patients with V1 PNS, particularly with early disease limited to Zone 1.
Role of analytical methods in verifying biodiesel upgrades: Emphasis on nanoparticle and acetone integration for enhanced performance, combustion, and emissions
Authors: Deviren Halis , Çılğın Erdal , Bayındır Hasan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to address critical challenges such as global warming and energy sustainability by targeting the reduction of high NOx emissions in diesel engines. The effects of acetone (AC) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) as additives in improving the physicochemical properties of biodiesel derived from renewable, nonedible Pistacia terebinthus oil, which is abundant in Turkey and has a high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 5.8%, were investigated. Due to the high FFA content, a two‐step (esterification followed by transesterification [TR]) method was used for biodiesel production. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of biodiesel obtained by both single (TR) and two‐step methods was performed to address a gap in the literature. The addition of AC and MgO NPs to B20 (80% diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel) fuel resulted in reductions in the rate of pressure rise, instantaneous energy release, cylinder pressure, mean gas temperature, and cumulative heat release rate. However, brake‐specific fuel consumption increased, and brake thermal efficiency decreased. Emissions analyses showed a reduction in CO emissions by 6.65% with AC and 2.10% with AC + MgO, and a reduction in NOx emissions by 41.64% with AC and 46.03% with AC + MgO. However, hydrocarbon emissions increased by 26.48%. The study highlights the synergistic benefits of AC and MgO additives in biodiesel, presenting a viable strategy for improving the environmental and performance metrics of biodiesel blends. It provides new insights into alternative fuel formulations.
Cluster analysis of social isolation in gynecologic cancer patients: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Wenjia , Zhan Liuyan , Huang Jie , Zhao Jie , Wei Siqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the distinct clusters of social isolation among gynecologic cancer patients and analyze the predictive factors associated with each cluster.MethodsA total of 463 patients diagnosed with gynecologic cancer were recruited from three tertiary hospitals between November 2021 and March 2023. Using a two‐step cluster analysis, participants were categorized into clusters based on social isolation scales. Multinomial logistic regression was then employed to predict factors influencing the identified clusters.ResultsSocial isolation in gynecologic cancer patients manifested in four distinct clusters: mild social isolation subgroup (13.8%), moderate social isolation subgroup (32.0%), severe isolation subgroup (33.5%), and high social isolation (20.70%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cognitive emotional regulation, social support, negative emotions, endometrial cancer, and disease recurrence or metastasis were significant predictive factors for the identified social isolation clusters (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study underscored the heterogeneity in the social isolation characteristics of gynecologic cancer patients. Consequently, healthcare professionals should prioritize the identification of potential high‐risk groups and devise personalized interventions to prevent and mitigate the occurrence of social isolation.