bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Confidence Regions for Bonferroni‐Based Closed‐Testing Procedures that are not Alpha‐Exhaustive
Authors: Guilbaud Olivier 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article complements the results in Guilbaud (Biometrical Journal 2008; 50:678–692). Simultaneous confidence regions were derived in that article that correspond to any given multiple testing procedure (MTP) in a fairly large class of consonant closed‐testing procedures based on marginal p‐values and weighted Bonferroni tests for intersection hypotheses. This class includes Holm's MTP, the fixed‐sequence MTP, gatekeeping MTPs, fallback MTPs, multi‐stage fallback MTPs, and recently proposed MTPs specified through a graphical representation and associated rejection algorithm. More general confidence regions are proposed in this article. These regions are such that for certain underlying MTPs which are not alpha‐exhaustive, they lead to confidence assertions that may be sharper than rejection assertions for some rejected null hypotheses H when not all Hs are rejected, which is not the case with the previously proposed regions. In fact, various alternative confidence regions may be available for such an underlying MTP. These results are shown through an extension of the previous direct arguments (without invoking the partitioning principle), and under the same general setup; so for instance, estimated quantities and marginal confidence regions are not restricted to be of any particular kinds/dimensions. The relation with corresponding confidence regions of Strassburger and Bretz (Statistics in Medicine 2008; 27:4914–4927) is described. The results are illustrated with fallback and parallel‐gatekeeping MTPs.
Degradation of an Fc‐fusion recombinant protein by host cell proteases: Identification of a CHO cathepsin D protease
Authors: Robert Flavie , Bierau Horst , Rossi Mara , Agugiaro David , Soranzo Thomas , Broly Hervé , Mitchell‐Logean Christine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA host‐cell‐related proteolytic activity was identified in a recombinant Fc‐fusion protein production process. This report describes the strategy applied to characterize and isolate the enzyme responsible for this degradation by combining cell culture investigation and dedicated analytical tools. After isolation and sequencing of the clipped fragment generated in post‐capture material, enzymatic activity was traced in different culture conditions, allowing identification of viable CHO cells as the source of protease. Inhibitors and pH screenings showed that the enzyme belongs to an aspartic protease family and is preferably active at acidic pH. The protease was isolated by purification on a pepstatin A column and characterized as a protein related to cathepsin D. An additional metallo‐protease inhibited by EDTA was identified with an optimum activity at neutral pH. This study is an example of how quality and stability of therapeutic recombinant molecules are strongly influenced by cell culture parameters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1132–1141. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualizing and quantifying the differential cleavages of the eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4GI and eIF4GII in the enterovirus‐infected cell
Authors: Hsu Yueh‐Ying , Liu Yu‐Ning , Lu Wen‐Wen , Kung Szu‐Hao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEnterovirus (EV) infection has been shown to cause a marked shutoff of host protein synthesis, an event mainly achieved through the cleavages of eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4GI and eIF4GII that are mediated by viral 2A protease (2Apro). Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we developed genetically encoded and FRET‐based biosensors to visualize and quantify the specific proteolytic process in intact cells. This was accomplished by stable expression of a fusion substrate construct composed of the green fluorescent protein 2 (GFP2) and red fluorescent protein 2 (DsRed2), with a cleavage motif on eIF4GI or eIF4GII connected in between. The FRET biosensor showed a real‐time and quantifiable impairment of FRET upon EV infection. Levels of the reduced FRET closely correlated with the cleavage kinetics of the endogenous eIF4Gs isoforms. The FRET impairments were solely attributed to 2Apro catalytic activity, irrespective of other viral‐encoded protease, the activated caspases or general inhibition of protein synthesis in the EV‐infected cells. The FRET biosensors appeared to be a universal platform for several related EVs. The spatiotemporal and quantitative imaging enabled by FRET can shed light on the protease–substrate behaviors in their normal milieu, permitting investigation into the molecular mechanism underlying virus‐induced host translation inhibition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1142–1152. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzyme‐assisted physicochemical enantioseparation processes—Part III: Overcoming yield limitations by dynamic kinetic resolution of asparagine via preferential crystallization and enzymatic racemization
Authors: Würges Kerstin , Petruševska‐Seebach Katerina , Elsner Martin P. , Lütz Stephan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe application of enantioseparation methods alone can only yield up to 50% of the desired chiral product. Thus enantioseparation becomes more attractive when accompanied by the racemization of the counter‐enantiomer. Here we present first results of dynamic kinetic resolution of L‐asparagine (L‐Asn) via preferential crystallization and enzymatic racemization from a racemic, supersaturated solution on a 20 mL scale. An enzyme lyophilisate (WT amino acid racemase from P. putida KT2440 (E.C. 5.1.1.10), overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)) was used for in situ racemization (enzyme concentrations varying from 0 to 1 mg/mL). When preferential crystallization was applied without any enzyme, a total of 31 mg of L‐Asn monohydrate could be crystallized, before crystal formation of d‐Asn started. Crystallization experiments accompanied by enzymatic racemization led to a significant increase of crystallized L‐Asn (198 mg L‐Asn monohydrate; >92%ee) giving the first experimental proof for this new process concept of dynamic kinetic resolution via preferential crystallization and enzymatic racemization. Measurements of the racemase activity before and after the crystallization process showed no significant differences, which would allow for enzyme recovery and recycling. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1235–1239. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of glucose sensitive affinity binding assay entrapped in fluorescent dissolved‐core alginate microspheres
Authors: Chaudhary Ayesha , Raina Monica , Harma Harri , Hanninen Pekka , McShane Michael J. , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe feasibility of dissolved‐core alginate‐templated fluorescent microspheres as “smart tattoo” glucose biosensors was investigated in simulated interstitial fluid (SIF). The sensor works on the principle of competitive binding and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The sensor consists of multilayer thin film coated alginate microspheres incorporating dye‐labeled glucose receptor and competing ligand within the partially dissolved alginate core. In this study, different approaches for the sensing and detection chemistry were studied, and the response of encapsulated reagents was compared with the solution‐phase counterparts. The glucose sensitivity of the encapsulated TRITC‐Con A/FITC‐dextran (500 kDa) assay in DI water was estimated to be 0.26%/mM glucose while that in SIF was observed to be 0.3%/mM glucose. The glucose sensitivity of TRITC‐apo‐GOx/FITC‐dextran (500 kDa) assay was estimated to be 0.33%/mM glucose in DI water and 0.5%/mM glucose in SIF and both demonstrated a response in the range of 0–50 mM glucose. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the calcium ion concentration outside the microsphere (in the SIF) does not interfere with the response sensitivity. The sensor response was observed to exhibit a maximum response time of 120 s. The system further exhibited a sensitivity of 0.94%/mM glucose with a response in range of 0–50 mM glucose, using near‐infrared dyes (Alexa Fluor‐647‐labeled dextran as donor and QSY‐21‐conjugated apo‐GOx as acceptor), thereby making the sensor more amenable to in vivo use, when implanted in scattering tissue. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1075–1085. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hemodynamic and intravascular ultrasound assessment of myocardial bridging: Fractional flow reserve paradox with dobutamine versus adenosine
Authors: Hakeem Abdul , Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Leesar Massoud A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCompared to coronary angiography, both intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and CT‐angiography provide important information with respect to the morphological aspects of myocardial bridging (MB). However, these modalities are limited in defining the hemodynamic and clinical significance of MB. Intracoronary Doppler studies demonstrate a peculiar abnormal Doppler flow profile associated with MB. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) after adenosine infusion has been used to assess the hemodynamic significance of MB, but FFR after adenosine induced hyperemia underestimates the significance of MB. On the other hand, high‐dose dobutamine by increasing the contractility of the bridging segment unmasks ischemia induced by MB. This review outlines the role of flow velocity measurement by intracoronary Doppler, FFR, and IVUS for assessment of patients with MB. In addition, we compared FFR measurements after adenosine versus dobutamine infusions for the hemodynamic assessment of MB in two patients. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible Immobilization of a Molecular Catalyst and Challenges of Catalyst Characterization
Authors: Palkovits R. , Arlt D. , Stepowska H. , Schüth F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe immobilization of molecular catalysts on support materials enables the combination of easy separation of solid catalysts with the high activity and selectivity of molecular catalysts. We have been able to apply a cross‐metathesis reaction between terminal olefins, as versatile tool with which to reversibly immobilize ligands and complexes on a support material. Diphosphine ligands and corresponding complexes can be covalently immobilized and then split again from the support material after use in catalytic reactions, and subsequently be reused by repeated immobilization. The method is widely applicable and offers, therefore, an interesting approach to a covalent, but reversible immobilization of various molecular catalysts.
Self‐Assembly of a Triangle‐Shaped, Hexaplatinum‐Incorporated, Supramolecular Amphiphile in Solution and at Interfaces
Authors: Maran Umamageswaran , Britt David , Fox Christopher B. , Harris Joel M. , Orendt Anita M. , Conley Hiram , Davis Robert , Hlady Vladamir , Stang Peter J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe self‐assembly and characterization of a novel supramolecular amphiphile built from a new 60° amphiphilic precursor that incorporates hydrophilic platinum(II) metals and hydrophobic dioctadecyloxy chains is reported. The amphiphilic macrocycle and its precursor compound have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, and other standard techniques. The coacervate morphology of the amphiphile at the liquid–liquid interface has been studied by using confocal optical microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy. The self‐assembly of the amphiphilic macrocycle at the air–water interface has been investigated through Langmuir‐trough techniques. The study indicates the possible formation of surface micelle‐like aggregates. The disparity between the experimental molecular areas and those derived from molecular models support the idea of aggregation. AFM images of the surface aggregates show the formation of a flat topology with arbitrary ridgelike patterns. Reasonable molecular‐packing arrangements are proposed to explain the molecular organization within the observed structures.
Complex Interrupted Tetrahedral Frameworks in the Nitridosilicates M7Si6N15 (M=La, Ce, Pr)
Authors: Schmolke Christian , Oeckler Oliver , Bichler Daniel , Johrendt Dirk , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new structure type of nitridosilicates with an interrupted framework has been identified for M7Si6N15 with M=La, Ce, and Pr. The materials have been synthesized in a radio‐frequency furnace at temperatures between 1550–1625 °C, starting from the respective metals, metal nitrides, and silicon diimide. The crystal structure of Ce7Si6N15 has been determined by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Besides ordered crystals 1 with a complicated triclinic superstructure and multiple twinning (P$\bar 1$, no. 2; a=13.009(3), b=25.483(5), c=25.508(10) Å; α=117.35(3), β=99.59(3), γ=99.63(3)°; V=7114(2) Å3; Z=18; R1=0.0411), disordered crystals 2 with identical composition exhibiting a trigonal average structure (R$\bar 3$, no. 148) have also been observed (a=43.420(6), c=6.506(2) Å; V=10 623(3) Å3; Z=27; R1=0.0309). Pr7Si6N15 (3) and La7Si6N15 (4) are isostructural with 1 as evidenced by twinned single‐crystal data for 3 (P$\bar 1$, no. 2; a=12.966(3), b=25.449(10), c=25.459(10) Å; α=117.28(3), β=99.70(4), γ=99.60(4)°; V=7068(4) Å3; Z=18; R1=0.0526) and powder diffraction data for 4 (P$\bar 1$, no. 2; a=13.109(9), b=25.606(18), c=25.609(18) Å; V=7223(12) Å3; Z=18; RP=0.0194; RF=0.0936). The crystal structure of M7Si6N15 (M=La, Ce, Pr) is built up exclusively of corner‐sharing tetrahedrons that appear as Q2‐, Q3‐, and Q4‐type tetrahedrons forming different ring sizes within a less condensed three‐dimensional network. Among the characteristic structural motifs are saw‐blade‐shaped 12‐rings and finite chains consisting of four corner‐sharing SiN4 tetrahedrons. High‐resolution transmission electron micrographs indicate both ordered and disordered crystallites. In the diffraction patterns of disordered rhombohedral crystals, diffuse maxima appear in reciprocal space at those positions in which sharp superstructure reflections are found in the case of the respective ordered crystallites. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of Ce7Si6N15 show paramagnetic behavior with an experimental magnetic moment of 2.29 μB per Ce, thereby corroborating the existence of Ce3+.
Synthesis and Characterization of the D5h Isomer of the Endohedral Dimetallofullerene Ce2@C80: Two‐Dimensional Circulation of Encapsulated Metal Atoms Inside a Fullerene Cage
Authors: Yamada Michio , Mizorogi Naomi , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Akasaka Takeshi , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHerein we show the synthesis and characterization of the second known Ce2@C80 isomer. A 13C NMR spectroscopic study revealed that the structure of the second isomer has D5h symmetry. Paramagnetic NMR spectral analysis and theoretical calculation display that the encapsulated Ce atoms circulate two‐dimensionally along a band of ten contiguous hexagons inside a D5h‐C80 cage, which is in sharp contrast to the three‐dimensional circulation of two Ce atoms in an Ih‐C80 cage. The electronic properties were revealed by means of electrochemical measurements. The D5h isomer of Ce2@C80 has a much smaller HOMO–LUMO gap than cluster fullerenes (M3N@C80, M=Sc, Tm, and Lu) with the same D5h‐C80 cages. The chemical reactivity was investigated by using disilirane as a chemical probe. The high thermal reactivity toward 1,1,2,2‐tetramesityl‐1,2‐disilirane is consistent with the trends of the redox potentials and the lower LUMO level of the D5h isomer of Ce2@C80 compared with that of C60.
Solution Behaviour and Biomolecular Interactions of Two Cytotoxic trans‐Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing Aliphatic Amine Ligands
Authors: Cubo Leticia , Casini Angela , Gabbiani Chiara , Mastrobuoni Guido , Messori Luigi , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Navarro‐Ranninger Carmen , Quiroga Adoración G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel trans‐platinum(II) complex bearing one dimethylamine (dma) and one methylamine (ma) ligand, namely trans‐[PtCl2(dma)(ma)], recently synthesised and characterised in our laboratory, displayed relevant antiproliferative properties in vitro, being more active than the parent complex, trans‐[PtCl2(dma)(ipa)], which has isopropylamine (ipa) in place of methylamine. We have analysed comparatively the solution behaviour of these two complexes under various experimental conditions, and investigated their reactivity with horse heart cytochrome c by mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), 2D [1H,15N],[1H,13C] HSQC and [1H,1H] NOESY NMR. Some important changes that occurred in the [1H,13C] HSQC NMR spectrum of cytochrome c treated with trans‐[PtCl2(dma)(ma)] in water, after two days’ incubation, most probably arose from direct platinum coordination to the protein side chain; this was proved conclusively by [1H,1H] NOESY NMR and [1H,15N] HSQC NMR measurements. Met65 was identified as the primary Pt binding site on cytochrome c. Electrospray mass spectrometry (ESIMS) results provided evidence for extensive platinum–protein adduct formation. A fragment of the [Pt(amine)(amine′)] type was established to be primarily responsible for protein metalation. ICP‐OES analysis revealed that these trans‐platinum(II) complexes bind preferentially to the serum proteins albumin and transferrin rather than to calf thymus DNA. Pt binding to DNA was found to be far lower than in the case of cisplatin. The implications of the results for the mechanism of action of novel cytotoxic trans‐platinum complexes are discussed.
Divalent E(0) Compounds (E=Si–Sn)
Authors: Takagi Nozomi , Shimizu Takayasu , Frenking Gernot 
Published: August 2009

AbstractQuantum‐chemical calculations at the BP86/TZVPP level of theory have been carried out for compounds EL2 for E=Si, Ge, Sn, where L is a five‐membered cyclic ylidene or N‐heterocyclic ylidene. The theoretical results provide evidence for the classification of the complexes as divalent E(0) compounds, where the bonding situation is best described in terms of donor–acceptor interactions between a bare atom E, which retains its valence electrons as two lone pairs, and two donor ligands L→E←L. The molecules are very strong donors, which may bind one or two Lewis acids. Divalent E(0) compounds have unusually high second proton affinities and they are strong σ donor ligands. The calculations predict that complexes of EL2 with one or two BH3 ligands are stable enough to become isolated in a condensed phase. It is also shown that the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of transition‐metal complexes [(CO)5WD] and [(CO)3NiD], where D=EL2 are rather high. The BDE of some ligands D are higher than those of CO in the metal carbonyls.
Interactions between SOX factors and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in development and disease
Authors: Kormish Jay D. , Sinner Débora , Zorn Aaron M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe SOX family of transcription factors have emerged as modulators of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in diverse development and disease contexts. There are over 20 SOX proteins encoded in the vertebrate genome and recent evidence suggests that many of these can physically interact with β‐catenin and modulate the transcription of Wnt‐target genes. The precise mechanisms by which SOX proteins regulate β‐catenin/TCF activity are still being resolved and there is evidence to support a number of models including: protein–protein interactions, the binding of SOX factors to Wnt‐target gene promoters, the recruitment of co‐repressors or co‐activators, modulation of protein stability, and nuclear translocation. In some contexts, Wnt signaling also regulates SOX expression resulting in feedback regulatory loops that fine‐tune cellular responses to β‐catenin/TCF activity. In this review, we summarize the examples of Sox–Wnt interactions and examine the underlying mechanisms of this potentially widespread and underappreciated mode of Wnt‐regulation. Developmental Dynamics 239:56–68, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Should non‐fat‐phobic anorexia nervosa be included in DSM‐V?
Authors: Becker Anne E. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Pike Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveCross‐cultural data suggest that rationales for food refusal vary in anorexia nervosa (AN), and a variant, termed non‐fat‐phobic AN (NFP‐AN), has been described. This review evaluates whether data support modification of the requirement for intense fear of weight gain to meet AN criterion B in DSM‐V.MethodWe performed a systematic search of the Medline and PsychInfo literature and evaluated the relevant publications by Robins and Guze's (Am J Psychiatry 126, 983–987, 1970) criteria as a standard for diagnostic validity. We also performed a meta‐analysis comparing the severity of eating pathology in AN to (a) NFP‐AN and (b) AN with low drive for thinness (low‐DT‐AN).ResultsA modest literature indicates that NFP‐AN has wide geographic distribution and occurs in both Western and non‐Western populations alongside cases of typical AN. Aggregating across eligible studies, patients with NFP‐AN or low‐DT‐AN score at least 2/3 of a standard deviation lower on measures of eating pathology than patients with conventional AN. Transcultural comparison of drive for thinness suggests significantly lower norms in non‐Western cultures.DiscussionNFP‐AN occurs with wide distribution. Further research is necessary on the course and outcomes of NFP‐AN to characterize its congruence with, or distinction from, conventional AN. We discuss several options for including a description of NFP‐AN in DSM‐V. © 2009 American Psychiatric Association. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling and Related Processes: Some Interesting Observations That Have Been Exploited in Synthetic Chemistry (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 24/2009)
Authors: McGlacken Gerard P. , Fairlamb Ian J. S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows a hypothetical energy surface highlighting the multitude of reaction manifolds and pathways that are accessible in Pd‐catalysed couplings. Acknowledgement: The image was produced by Dr. A. C. Whitwood (Computing Officer and X‐ray Crystallographer, York, UK) using POV‐RayTM (ver. 3.6); structures of the Pd complex and dibenzylideneacetone derivative were based on crystal structures. Details are presented in the Microreview by G. P. McGlacken and I. J. S. Fairlamb on p. 4011 ff.
Ex situ Voltammetry and Chronopotentiometry of Doxorubicin at a Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode: Redox and Catalytic Properties and Analytical Applications
Authors: Vacek Jan , Havran Luděk , Fojta Miroslav 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEx situ (adsorptive transfer stripping) electrochemical techniques in connection with basal‐plane PGE have been applied to the study of redox and catalytic properties of doxorubicin (DOX). Cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry and constant current chronopotentiometric stripping (CPS) analysis were used to follow reversible reduction of DOX quinone moiety around −0.5 V and its coupling to catalytic oxygen reduction. CPS was for the first time used for sensitive ex situ determination of the DOX using the catalytic signal around −0.5 V in the presence of oxygen, allowing detection of femtomole amounts of DOX. We show that specific interaction of DOX with double‐stranded DNA can easily be monitored using the catalytic CPS signal.