bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silent ships do not always encounter more fish (revisited): comparison of acoustic backscatter from walleye pollock recorded by a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: De Robertis Alex , Wilson Christopher D. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
De Robertis, A., and Wilson, C. D. 2011. Silent ships do not always encounter more fish (revisited): comparison of acoustic backscatter from walleye pollock recorded by a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel in the eastern Bering Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2229–2239. Vessel-induced avoidance behaviour is potentially a major source of error in surveys of fish populations. Noise-reduced research vessels have been constructed in an effort to minimize fish reactions to auditory stimuli produced by survey vessels. Here, measurements of acoustic backscatter from walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) made on the eastern Bering Sea Shelf from the conventional NOAA ship “Miller Freeman” (MF) are compared with similar measurements made on the noise-reduced NOAA ship “Oscar Dyson” (OD). As in a previous study, acoustic abundance measurements from these vessels were equivalent during daylight, when large-scale acoustic surveying is conducted. However, significant differences were observed at night: on average, 44% more pollock backscatter was observed from OD than MF. Observations with a free-drifting echosounder buoy suggest that the night-time discrepancy is attributable to a stronger behavioural response to the passage of the louder MF, and a resulting decrease in pollock target strength. Pollock did not exhibit a strong reaction to the passage of OD. These observations are consistent with previous comparisons of these vessels, which show that with vessel differences, the noise-reduced OD detects more pollock.
Seeking Safety treatment for male veterans with a substance use disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptomatology
Authors: Boden Matthew Tyler , Kimerling Rachel , Jacobs‐Lentz Jason , Bowman Dan , Weaver Christopher , Carney Diane , Walser Robyn , Trafton Jodie A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To determine whether substituting Seeking Safety (SS), a manualized therapy for comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for part of treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) improves substance use outcomes.Design  Randomized controlled effectiveness trial.Settings  Out‐patient Veterans Administration Health Care System SUD clinic.Participants  Ninety‐eight male military Veterans with a SUD and co‐occurring PTSD symptomatology.Measurements  Drug and alcohol use and PTSD severity, measured on the first day of treatment, and 3 (i.e. the planned end of SS sessions) and 6 months following the baseline assessment. Treatment attendance and patient satisfaction were measured following treatment (3‐month follow‐up). Active coping was measured at treatment intake and following treatment.Findings  SS compared to TAU was associated with better drug use outcomes (P < 0.05), but alcohol use and PTSD severity decreased equally under both treatments (P's < 0.01). SS versus TAU was associated with increased treatment attendance, client satisfaction and active coping (all P's < 0.01). However, neither these factors nor decreases in PTSD severity mediated the effect of treatment on drug use.Conclusions  The manualized treatment approach for substance use disorder, Seeking Safety, is well received and associated with better drug use outcomes than ‘treatment as usual’ in male veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder. However, the mechanism of its effect is unclear.
Sildenafil treatment attenuates lung and kidney injury due to overproduction of oxidant activity in a rat model of sepsis: a biochemical and histopathological study
Authors: Cadirci E , Halici Z , Odabasoglu F , Albayrak A , Karakus E , Unal D , Atalay F , Ferah I , Unal B 
Published: September 2011

SummarySepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sildenafil (SLD) is a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of sildenafil on caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in rats. Four groups of rats were used, each composed of 10 rats: (i) 10 mg/kg SLD-treated CLP group; (ii) 20 mg/kg SLD-treated CLP group; (iii) CLP group; and (iv) sham-operated control group. A CLP polymicrobial sepsis model was applied to the rats. All groups were killed 16 h later, and lung, kidney and blood samples were analysed histopathologically and biochemically. Sildenafil increased glutathione (GSH) and decreased the activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and of lipid peroxidase (LPO) and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the septic rats. We observed a significant decrease in LPO and MPO and a decrease in SOD activity in the sildenafil-treated CLP rats compared with the sham group. In addition, 20 mg/kg sildenafil treatment in the sham-operated rats improved the biochemical status of lungs and kidneys. Histopathological analysis revealed significant differences in inflammation scores between the sepsis group and the other groups, except the CLP + sildenafil 10 mg/kg group. The CLP + sildenafil 20 mg/kg group had the lowest inflammation score. Sildenafil treatment decreased the serum tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α level when compared to the CLP group. Our results indicate that sildenafil is a highly protective agent in preventing lung and kidney damage caused by CLP-induced sepsis via maintenance of the oxidant–anti-oxidant status and decrease in the level of TNF-α.
Differential responses to related hosts by nesting and non‐nesting parasites in a brood‐parasitic duck
Authors: JAATINEN KIM , ÖST MARKUS , GIENAPP PHILLIP , MERILÄ JUHA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHost–parasite relatedness may facilitate the evolution of conspecific brood parasitism, but empirical support for this contention remains inconclusive. One reason for this disparity may relate to the diversity of parasitic tactics, a key distinguishing feature being whether the parasite has a nest of her own. Previous work suggests that parasites without nests of their own may be of inferior phenotypic quality, but because of difficulties in identifying these parasitic individuals, little is known about their host selection criteria. We used high‐resolution molecular maternity tests to assign parasitic offspring to known parasites with and without their own nests in a population of Barrow’s goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica). We determined whether parasite nesting status, host–parasite relatedness and distance between host and parasite nests affected the probability of parasitizing a host and the number of eggs laid per host. We also investigated whether nesting parasites, conventionally nesting females and non‐nesting parasites differed regarding their age, structural size, body condition, nesting phenology or total brood size. The probability of engaging in parasitism increased with host–parasite relatedness and spatial proximity to host nests for nesting and non‐nesting females alike. However, nesting parasites increased the number of eggs donated with relatedness to the host, while non‐nesting parasites did not do so. Non‐nesting parasites laid fewer eggs in total, but did not differ by any of the other quality measures from conventional nesters or nesting parasites. Our study provides the first demonstration that nesting and non‐nesting parasites from the same population may use different host selection criteria.
The coenzyme A disulphide reductase of Borrelia burgdorferi is important for rapid growth throughout the enzootic cycle and essential for infection of the mammalian host
Authors: Eggers Christian H. , Caimano Melissa J. , Malizia Robert A. , Kariu Toru , Cusack Brian , Desrosiers Daniel C. , Hazlett Karsten R. O. , Claiborne Al , Pal Utpal , Radolf Justin D. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryIn a microarray analysis of the RpoS regulon in mammalian host‐adapted Borrelia burgdorferi, bb0728 (cdr) was found to be dually transcribed by the sigma factors σ70 and RpoS. The cdr gene encodes a coenzyme A disulphide reductase (CoADR) that reduces CoA‐disulphides to CoA in an NADH‐dependent manner. Based on the abundance of CoA in B. burgdorferi and the biochemistry of the enzyme, CoADR has been proposed to play a role in the spirochaete's response to reactive oxygen species. To better understand the physiologic function(s) of BbCoADR, we generated a B. burgdorferi mutant in which the cdr gene was disrupted. RT‐PCR and 5′‐RACE analysis revealed that cdr and bb0729 are co‐transcribed from a single transcriptional start site upstream of the bb0729 coding sequence; a shuttle vector containing the bb0729‐cdr operon and upstream promoter element was used to complement the cdr mutant. Although the mutant was no more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than its parent, it did exhibit increased sensitivity to high concentrations of t‐butyl‐hydroperoxide, an oxidizing compound that damages spirochetal membranes. Characterization of the mutant during standard (15% oxygen, 6% CO2) and anaerobic (< 1% O2, 9–13% CO2) cultivation at 37°C revealed a growth defect under both conditions that was particularly striking during anaerobiosis. The mutant was avirulent by needle inoculation and showed decreased survival in feeding nymphs, but displayed no survival defect in unfed flat nymphs. Based on these results, we propose that BbCoADR is necessary to maintain optimal redox ratios for CoA/CoA‐disulphide and NAD+/NADH during periods of rapid replication throughout the enzootic cycle, to support thiol‐disulphide homeostasis, and to indirectly protect the spirochaete against peroxide‐mediated membrane damage; one or more of these functions are essential for infection of the mammalian host by B. burgdorferi.
Absence of CD38 delays arrival of neutrophils to the liver and innate immune response development during hepatic amoebiasis by Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: ESTRADA‐FIGUEROA L. A. , RAMÍREZ‐JIMÉNEZ Y. , OSORIO‐TRUJILLO C. , SHIBAYAMA M. , NAVARRO‐GARCÍA F. , GARCÍA‐TOVAR C. , TALAMÁS‐ROHANA P. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryTo define the role of CD38 in the migration of neutrophils to the liver and consequently in the induction of an innate immune response during murine hepatic amoebiasis by Entamoeba histolytica, we examined amoebic liver abscess development (ALA), presence of amoebae and neutrophils, and expression levels of cytokines and other inflammation mediators mRNA, in infected wild‐type and CD38 Knockout (CD38KO) C57BL/6J mice. Results showed that CD38KO mice undergo a delay in ALA development in comparison with the wild‐type strain. The presence of amoebae lasted longer in CD38−/−, and although neutrophils arrived to the liver in both strains, there was a clear difference in the time between the two strains; whereas in the wild‐type strain, neutrophils arrived at early times (6–12 h), in the CD38KO strain, neutrophils arrived later (48–72 h). Cytokines profile during the innate immune response development (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6) was, for WT mice concomitant with, and preceded, for CD38KO mice, the time in which neutrophils were present in the liver lesion. In conclusion, CD38 is important for neutrophils migration during hepatic amoebiasis, and in turn, these cells play an important role in the innate immune response.
Novel ZFPM2/FOG2 variants in patients with double outlet right ventricle
Authors: Tan Z‐P , Huang C , Xu Z‐B , Yang J‐F , Yang Y‐F 
Published: September 2011

Tan Z‐P, Huang C, Xu Z‐B, Yang J‐F, Yang Y‐F. Novel ZFPM2/FOG2 variants in patients with double outlet right ventricle.Congenital heart defects (CHDs) occur in about 0.5–1% of all newborns and are the most common birth defects. Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) accounts for approximately 1–3% of all CHDs. Similar to Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), DORV is a subtype of contruncal heart defects (CTDs) and is anatomically characterized by a malposition of the great arteries. We described a boy with chromosomal translocation: 46, XY t (8; 18) (q22; q21) that may disrupts the ZFPM2/FOG2 locus. The coding sequences of ZFPM2/FOG2 were determined in 38 patients with sporadic DORV, 95 patients with TOF, and 12 patients with transposition of the great arteries. Five DNA sequence variants affecting variably conserved residues of ZFPM2/FOG2 were identified in patients with TOF type or ventricular septal defect type of DORV. Three novel mutations (p.V339I, p.K737E, and p.A611T) were reported for the first time. The other two mutations (p.M703L and p.Q889E) were reported in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia but not in patients with CHD. Our finding suggests that variants of the ZFPM2/FOG2 gene might be a common cause of DORV.
Meso‐Rex shunt for immediate portal revascularization in pediatric liver transplantation: First report
Authors: Rivera Jairo , Fusaro Fabio , de Magnée Catherine , Clapuyt Philippe , Reding Raymond 
Published: September 2011

Rivera J, Fusaro F, de Magnée C, Clapuyt P, Reding R. Meso‐Rex shunt for immediate portal revascularization in pediatric liver transplantation: First report.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  We describe the case of a 13‐month‐old girl transplanted for biliary atresia with PV hypoplasia. She received the left liver lobe of her mother and presented intraoperative portal thrombosis. Because of technical reasons, the opportunity to have conventional PV reconstruction using the donor left PV stump was lost. Immediate conversion to a meso‐Rex shunt, using the recipient jugular vein as a bridge between the superior mesenteric vein and the graft Rex recessus, allowed excellent portal revascularization of the transplant. We suggest that synchronous meso‐Rex shunt may constitute a valid alternative to truncal PV anastomosis during pediatric LT.
Anatomical Study of the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Pudu (Pudu puda) Using Contrast‐Enhanced Abdominal Computed Tomography
Authors: Henning B. C. , Gómez M. A. , Mieres L. M. , Freeman L. , Herzberg D. E. , Aleuy O. A. 
Published: September 2011

With 6 figuresSummaryThe pudu (Pudu puda), which is the smallest deer in the world and inhabits central and southern Chile and Argentina, is a ruminant and a browsing herbivore. The aim of this study was to provide a reference for interpretation of the normal anatomy of the pudu’s gastrointestinal tract as imaged by abdominal computed tomography (CT). For the study, one adult female pudu was used. After a 24‐h fast, the pudu was anaesthetized and positioned in sternal recumbency at the CT table. Image acquisition began immediately after intravenous injection of contrast media (MD‐76®; 370 mgI/ml) into the cephalic vein. Injection of contrast material was administered as a biphasic protocol. First, a manual bolus of contrast material was injected at a rate of 4 ml/s. Then, an additional continuous infusion injection (0.1 ml/min) was performed for adequate opacification of vascular structures. Transverse images of 5 mm thickness and 5 mm interval were obtained with a fourth‐generation CT scanner, from the ninth thoracic vertebra (T9) until the first sacral (S1) vertebrae. CT images were labelled and compared with anatomical reference images for ruminants. Structures that were identified in the abdominal cavity included the stomach with its four compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum), the small and large intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys and some major blood vessels (aorta, caudal vena cava). The distal loop of the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the pancreas and lymph nodes could not be identified. The resulting CT images provide a reference for normal cross‐sectional abdominal anatomy of the adult pudu.
Goat Oocyte Production by Standard or One‐shot FSH Treatments and Quantitative Analysis of Transcripts for EGF Ligands and its Receptor after In Vitro Maturation
Authors: Pereira AF , Alcântara Neto AS , Albuquerque ES , Luciano MCS , Teixeira DIA , Freitas VJF , Melo LM 
Published: September 2011

ContentsHormonal ovarian stimulation may affect the success of embryo production by regulating transcripts in recovered cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs). Here, in parallel to morphological classification and in vitro maturation (IVM) rate analysis, we investigated the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) in oocytes and cumulus cells from goat COCs recovered by laparoscopy after standard [multi‐dose follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH)] or one‐shot (single dose FSH plus eCG) treatments. No differences were observed among the number of recovered and morphologically graded COCs or the IVM rates for both gonadotropic treatments. However, the standard protocol produced COCs with higher EGFR expression in the cumulus cells than the one‐shot treatment. Additionally, EGF mRNA levels were less than EGFR mRNA levels, and they did not differ among COCs from both treatments. However, during maturation, the EGF transcripts increased in oocytes derived only from the standard protocol. Interestingly, IVM strikingly increased EGFR expression in oocytes and cumulus cells but not in oocytes that fail in first polar body extrusion, irrespective of hormonal treatment. These results appear to be related to the resumption of meiosis and suggest that EGF may act through the cumulus cells or directly on the oocyte receptor.
A critical appraisal of endorectal ultrasound and transanal endoscopic microsurgery and decision‐making in early rectal cancer
Authors: Ashraf S. , Hompes R. , Slater A. , Lindsey I. , Bach S. , Mortensen N. J. , Cunningham C. ,   on behalf of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) Collaboration
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for early rectal cancer (ERC) gives results similar to major surgery in selected cases. Endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) is an important part of the preoperative selection process. This study reports its accuracy and impact for patients entered on the UK TEM database.Method  The UK TEM database comprises prospectively collected data on 494 patients. This data set was used to determine the prevalence of ERUS in preoperative staging and its accuracy by comparing preoperative T‐stage with definitive pathological staging following TEM.Results  ERUS was performed in 165 of 494 patients who underwent TEM for rectal cancer. It inaccurately staged rectal cancer in 44.8% of tumours: 32.7% were understaged and 12.1% were overstaged. There was no significant difference in the depth of TEM excision or R1 rate between the patients who underwent ERUS before TEM and those who did not (P = 0.73).Conclusion  The data show that ERUS is employed in a minority of patients with rectal cancers undergoing TEM in the UK and its accuracy in this ‘Real World’ practice is disappointing.
Tear‐film osmolarity in normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis
Authors: Davis Kyshia , Townsend Wendy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective To compare the tear‐film osmolarity of normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis.Animal studied The population consisted of shelter, research, and privately owned cats.Procedures Cats were classified as normal or having conjunctivitis. An ophthalmic examination including Schirmer tear test (STT), fluorescein staining, tear‐film break‐up time (TFBUT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and slit‐lamp biomicroscopy of the anterior segment was performed. The severity of conjunctivitis was graded and assigned a numerical score. The Tear LabTMOsmolarity System was utilized to determine the tear‐film osmolarity. Unpairedt‐tests were used to compare tear‐film osmolarity, TFBUT, IOP, and STT of the two groups.Results A total of 93 cats (186 eyes) were examined. There were 37 normal cats (74 eyes) and 39 conjunctivitis cats (78 eyes). The mean age was 2.34 years. There was no statistical difference (P = 0.2065) between the median tear‐film osmolarity of normal cats (328.5 ± 17.94 mOsms/L) and conjunctivitis cats (325.0 ± 24.84 mOsms/L). Cats with conjunctivitis had an accelerated TFBUT (P < 0.0001) and lower IOPs (P < 0.0001) as compared to normal cats. No statistical difference was found between STT values (P = 0.1304).Conclusions The median tear‐film osmolarity of normal cats was 328.5 mOsms/L. Despite the accelerated TFBUT, conjunctivitis did not cause a statistically significant change in tear‐film osmolarity. The Tear LabTMOsmolarity System was easily used and well tolerated by the cats in the study.
Episodic and Systemic Power in the Transformation of Professional Service Firms
Authors: Lawrence Thomas B. , Malhotra Namrata , Morris Tim 
Published: September 2011

abstractWe examine the roles of episodic and systemic forms of power in radical organizational change. Drawing on a study of three attempted transformations in professional service firms from traditional professional partnerships into managed professional businesses – one relatively complete and two incomplete – we identify two key mechanisms that link episodic and systemic forms of power and show how those mechanisms affect the likelihood that organizations will be able to successfully undergo radical change. We find that episodic power is able to initiate and energize radical change when it represents a significant break from traditional authority structures and is legitimated through appeals to traditional organizational values. We find that systemic power is able to institutionalize radical change when the systems associated with it are legitimated by the skilled use of language by key actors and then left to operate independently by those actors. By articulating the specific mechanisms that link episodic and systemic power, our study provides a more complete model of the role of power in radical change, enabling better prediction of the likelihood of successful transformation and a fuller theoretical explanation of change outcomes.
From Enlightened Self‐interest to Welfare Coalitions: Overcoming Identity‐based Tensions in the Israeli Welfare State
Authors: Zehavi Amos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA common argument in the social policy literature is that ethnic and identity‐based heterogeneity undermines the welfare state. In part, this happens because of difficulties in the generation of broad social solidarity in diverse societies: solidarity which is allegedly necessary for sustaining public support for the welfare state. This study explores this argument's logic in the context of welfare state politics in Israel. Israel would appear to be a near‐perfect example of how heterogeneity strains social solidarity and, in turn, undermines the welfare state. Quite differently from most studies, however, this work's emphasis is not on public attitudes or voting, but on the political interaction between economically disadvantaged identity‐based minorities – specifically Arabs on the one hand and religious Jews on the other – in the welfare field. It is argued that shared interests enable extensive co‐operation among political elites in the welfare field despite religiously‐ and nationally‐based antagonism.
Green capital and social reproduction within families practising voluntary simplicity in the US
Authors: Walther Carol S. , Sandlin Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how parents in the US who practise voluntary simplicity enact family and social reproduction. Two key findings emerged. First, adult simplifiers in our study typically grew up within families that practised voluntary simplicity or frugality and transmit these consumption patterns to their own children. Second, simplifiers often struggle with other family members, friends and society over issues related to the tensions that emerge as they seek to simplify their lives while at the same time raising children who will not be ‘shunned’ by a mainstream, consumption‐focused society. We conclude that parents who voluntarily simplify are able to maintain their social class status through redefining what it means to be middle class through the creation and utilization of ‘green capital’.