bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The morphology and mode of action of the anal apparatus of membracid nymphs with special reference toSextius virescens(Fairmaire) (Homoptera)
Authors: KITCHING R. L. , FILSHIE B. K. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe morphology and mode of action of the anal apparatus of membracid nymphs are described. The possible functions of the “whipping” action exhibited by the eversible tube which forms part of the anal apparatus are discussed and reasons why this seems most likely to be primarily a defensive reaction are given. Analogues of the structures are indicated.
Cardenolide content and palatability of a population of Danaus chrysippus butterflies from West Africa
Authors: BROWER L. P. , EDMUNDS M. , MOFFITT C. M. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe variation in cardenolide content found in 50 individuals of Danaus chrysippus is related to the type of food plant and the sequestering efficiency of the butterfly. The toxicity of the insects to bird predators is discussed in relation to the polymorphism found in species of Danaus.
Haemolymph composition in the larva of the dragonfly, Uropetala carovei
Authors: BEDFORD JENNIFER J. , LEADER JOHN P. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAnalysis of the haemolymph composition of the semi‐terrestrial larva of the dragonfly, Uropetala carovei, yielded the following data. The osmotic pressure of the haemolymph is equivalent to 174.0 mM/1 solution of sodium chloride, the pH 8.2, sodium ion concentration 152.0 mM/1, potassium 4.6 mM/1, calcium 3.8 mM/1, magnesium 3.9 mM/1, bicarbonate 27.6 mM/1, and chloride 121.0 mM/1; total ninhydrin‐positive substances 58.7 mM/1 (of which the major components are alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, and leucine); total carbohydrates 8.9 ± 0.4 μg/μl haemolymph (trehalose 7.88 μg/μl and glucose 0.85 μg/μl). Twelve protein bands were found, one of which showed alkaline phosphatase activity, three, acid phosphatase, and four, esterase activity. The significance of these results is discussed.
Responses of male aphids to the female sex pheromone in Megoura viciae Buckton
Authors: MARSH DAVID 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTOviparae of Megoura viciae Buckton release a sex pheromone from numerous plaques on their hind tibiae. Adult males react to this scent in a variety of ways: inactive males are aroused; males already walking orient to the odour source; and copulatory activity is increased. These responses are only evoked within a few centimetres of the stimulus source and decline rapidly as the stimulus is diluted. Male responsiveness to the pheromone is unchanging throughout the light phase (of LD 12: 12), although they show a marked circadian locomotor rhythm. Their sensitivity develops early in adult life and thereafter remains high, decreasing only slightly before death. However, although very young adults will orient to a pheromone source, they do not show copulatory responses until they are sexually mature. Larval males neither respond to the pheromone nor possess the antennal receptors (secondary rhinaria) which are essential for the adult reaction. Mating, and attempted copulation with suitable objects (e.g. coloured beads), is dependent upon appropriate visual and tactile stimuli; it can occur in the absence of the pheromone but is enhanced by its presence. Habituation to the scent does not prevent copulation, and conversely, copulation does not affect subsequent responsiveness to the pheromone. Once copulation has begun the pheromone has no effect on the efficiency of insemination. Vigorous intergeneric responses to the pheromones of female M.viciae and Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris were observed.
Circadian changes in central excitability—the origin of behavioural rhythms in tsetse flies and other animals?
Authors: BRADY JOHN 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTDiel changes in seven behavioural responses of male tsetse flies, G.morsitans, were measured under controlled conditions in the laboratory. These responses involved different motor and sensory modalities, and were evoked by stimuli that were either exogenously applied at regular intervals or were ever‐present. Six (possibly seven) of the responses were modulated across the photophase (of LD 12: 12) in the V‐pattern typical of biting behaviour in the field: morning and evening responses were greatest, noon least. Two of these rhythms were shown to persist in constant conditions, indicating that the underlying control is truly circadian.Comparison of the form of an optokinetic response rhythm at high and low stimulus intensities, implied central control of the response modulation. This, plus the close similarity in phase of the different rhythms, is interpreted as indicating circadian changes in central excitatory state (arousal) as the underlying neurophysiological basis of behavioural rhythmicity. It is suggested that the sarrie arousal system controls the comparable, longer and shorter term changes in excitability that result from starvation, sex, etc.
Temporal patterning of courtship behaviour in some parasitic Hymenoptera, with special reference toMelittobia acasta
Authors: van den ASSEM J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn many parasitic hymenoptera copulation is preceded by elaborate courtship displays which include species‐specific characteristics. Other features, shared by related species, may be used for defining higher taxa. The male's repertoire consists of movements involving the wings, legs, antennae, and mouthparts. These movements are performed continuously, or intermittently, depending on the species involved. The elements of a repertoire are repeated over and over again until the female indicates her readiness to copulate. Temporal patterning of various displays, and the timing of the female response are described.InMelittobia acasta(Walker) (Eulophidae) the male display is composed not only of repeating elements, but also includes new elements, introduced along the way; the display progresses towards a climactic finale. The timing of the female's copulation signal is accurately predictable. The morphology ofMelittobiamales is discussed in relation to this behaviour. Courtship of a related species,M.chalybii, is compared to the courtship ofM.acasta.
How does the female locust dig her oviposition hole?
Authors: VINCENT J. F. V. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe digging movements of the isolated ovipositor assembly of female locusts were filmed and analysed. The interpretation of the movements was compared, quantitatively, with observations on the intact ovipositing insect. The following major points were revealed. (i) The thrust of the ovipositor is at an angle to the axis of the hole. This allows the opposite side of the hole, rather than the very small inertia of the abdomen, to provide the reaction to the thrust. (ii) The ovipositor valves have different functions: the lower pair levers the abdomen down, the upper pair digs the hole. (iii) The maximum rate of longitudinal movement (2·8 mm s‐1) and the observed maximum displacement per digging cycle (2·0 mm) can account for digging speeds and displacements noted in the intact digging insect.
The systematic position of Brathinus Leconte and Camioleum Lewis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: HAMMOND P. M. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISBrathinusandCamioleumare assigned to positions within the Omaliinae (Staphylinidae). The male genitalia ofBrathinusare figured for the first time, and a key is given to the known species.
The genus Cleora Curtis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Fiji
Authors: KOBINSON GADEN S. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of the 10 species of the genus Cleora known to inhabit Fiji; two of these are described as new and two are transferred to Cleora from other genera. Species previously known from Fiji are re‐described, and a key to the males is included.
A new intertidal beetle (Coleoptera: Limnichidae) from the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: BRITTON E. B. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYA new genus is erected for a minute beetle found in the intertidal zone on Heron Island, the adult and larva of which are described. The relationships of the genus are discussed, and it is placed in the family Limnichidae as the sole representative of a new subfamily.
Three new species of Coniopteryx from Singapore (Plannipennia: Coniopterygidae)
Authors: MURPHY D. H. , LEE Y. T. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISBoth sexes of two new species of Coniopteryx, and the male of a third, are described from Singapore rain‐forest. Notes on their morphology include an account of internal reproductive structures in the female. The vertical distribution of the species is recorded.
The superspecies Ethope himachala (Moore), and the identity of Zethera noirei Janet (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
Authors: VANE‐WRIGHT R. I. , HUGGINS C. F. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe species of the Indian and South‐East Asian genus Ethope Moore are re‐assessed. New synonymy is established, type data presented for all nominal species, and a key to the species and subspecies is included. The phylogeny and zoogeography of the genus are discussed, and mimicry shown by some of the species is reviewed.
A revision of the genusPlesiopanurgusCameron, with notes on some Arabian and African Panurginae (Hymenoptera:Apoidea)
Authors: BAKER D. B. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe panurgine genusPlesiopanurgusis redescribed and illustrated, and its relationships are discussed. A second species is described from a unique male from E. Turkey.The generic placement of some Arabian Panurginae is considered, and the genera occurring in southern Africa are listed.
A new species of Amblystogenium Enderlein (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Crozet Islands, with comparative notes on A.pacificum (Putzeys)
Authors: LUFF M. L. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISA new species of Amblystogenium is described from the Crozet Islands and compared with the related A. pacificum, for which a lectotype is designated.
Five Simuliidae (Diptera) from West Cameroon
Authors: LEWIS D. J. , DISNEY R. H. L. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe male, female, pupa and larva of a new phoretic species of Simulium are described. A new species‐group is established for this species and S.diceros, and its systematic position is discussed. Two other new species of Simulium are described from pupal material, and new forms of S.palmeri and S.berghei are recorded.
A taxonomic study of the ant genus Lasius Fabricius in the British Isles (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: BOURNE RICHARD A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe taxonomic status of the species Lasius mixtus, L.umbratus and L.rabaudi is discussed. Keys are given to the males, females and workers of the seven British species of the genus, and taxonomic notes on these species are included.
Taxonomic notes on the Belytinae, with a new species of Pantoclis Förster (Hym., Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae)
Authors: CHAMBERS V. H. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISAn account is given of a new species of Pantoclis. Paroxylabis laticeps Hellén and the male of Aclista janssoni Nixon, are also described. The three species are from Great Britain.
Redescriptions of Plutarchia Girault and Axanthosoma Girault with the description of a new species of Plutarchia from Nigeria (Eurytomidae: Hymenoptera)
Authors: RAO B. R. SUBBA 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISRedescriptions are given of the genera Plutarchia and Axanthosoma. Keys are given to the three species of Axanthosoma and the three species of Plutarchia one of which is described as new from Nigeria.
Wing and haltere venation in larvae of the Austrosimulium (Austrosimulium) australense group from New Zealand (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: CROSBY T. K. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISThe venation pattern found in the developing wing and haltere buds of larvae is compared with the adult venation in the Austrosimulium (Austro‐simulium) australense group of Simuliidae.
Redescription of the neotropical Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) described by Rapp and Curran
Authors: DUCKHOUSE D. A. 
Published: September 2010

SYNOPSISFive neotropical Psychodidae collected by Curran and described cursorily by Rapp, are redescribed and figured from the type material. Their affinities are discussed. One of Curran's species is placed in synonymy.
The sexspiaosa‐group of the ant genus Polyrhachis F. Smith (Hym. Formicidae)
Authors: BOLTON BARRY 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe sexspinosa‐group of Polyrhachis is revised. Twelve species are recognised, two of which are described as new. Sixteen synonyms are recognised, mostly of infra‐specific taxa. A key to the species and diagnostic notes of each species are included.
Psocomorpha (Psocoptera) collected on recent expeditions to South America
Authors: NEW T. R. , THORNTON I. W. B. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPsocomorpha from recent collections in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Uruguay are enumerated and described. Thirty‐four new species are described, representing the families Caeciliidae (8), Amphipsocidae (2), Lachesillidae (5), Pseudocaeciliidae (2), Philotarsidae (3), Hemipsocidae (I), Psocidae (II), and Myopsocidae (2). Notes on six previously described species are given.
A review of the bloodsucking midges of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae)*
Authors: AITKEN THOMAS H. G. , WIRTH WILLIS W. , WILLIAMS ROGER W. , DAVIES JOHN B. , TIKASINGH ELISHA S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTData are presented recording the presence of 49 species of bloodsucking cerato‐pogonids in Trinidad, West Indies. Of these, 45 areCulicoides, one is aLeptoconops, and three belong toForcipomyia (Lasiohelea).Five species are reported from Tobago: threeCulicoides, oneLeptoconops, and oneLasiohelea.The males ofCulicoides benarrochiandC. fluviatilisare described for the first time, and the female ofC. debilipalpisis redescribed.Culicoides filariferusandC. pseudodiabolicusare resurrected from synonymy, and characters are presented distinguishing them fromC. diabolicusandC. guttatus.Biological data and keys to genera and species are included.
The larvae of the British genera of Cantharidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: FITTON M. G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe larvae of the six British genera (Cantharis, Malthinus, Malthodes, Podabrus, Rhagonycha and Silis) of Cantharidae are described. The characters available for classification are discussed and a key to the genera is provided.
On the life cycle of Pemphigus (Pemphiginus) populi Courchet with a key to British species of Pemphigus Hartig (Hornoptera: Aphidoidea)
Authors: FURK C. , PRIOR R. N. B. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTExperimental and field observations are given on the biology of Pemphigus (Pemphiginus) populi Courchet with a description of the secondary host morphs from the roots of Melilotus altissima, Lathyrus pratensis and Medicago lupulina. Twelve species of Pemphigus Hartig are recorded for Britain in three subgenera: Pemphigus with nine species, borealis Tullgren, bursarius L., filaginis (B. de F.), gairi Stroyan, phenax Börner and Blunck, pvotospirae Licht., rubiradicis Theob., saliciradicis (Börner) and spirothecae Pass.; Parathecabius with two species, lysimachiae (Börner) and auriculae (Murray); Pemphiginus with one species populi Courchet. A key to the alate migrants, alate sexuparae and apterous alienicolae is given with notes on the biology of all the species except borealis and rubiradicis.
Management of malignant left‐sided large bowel obstruction: a comparison between colonic stents and surgery
Authors: White Stephen I. , Abdool S. Ibrahim , Frenkiel Brett , Braun William V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Management of distal malignant large bowel obstruction (LBO) remains challenging. Acute surgical intervention is often associated with poorer clinical outcome compared to an elective procedure. Self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMS) as a bridge to surgery (BTS) or palliation remain controversial and are not yet widely available.Methods:  From 1998 to 2008, a retrospective analysis of the patients presenting with an acute malignant LBO to The Tweed Public and John Flynn Private Hospitals was performed.Results:  Fifty‐six admissions with malignant distal colonic obstruction were reviewed. On an intention to treat, patients underwent either stent 30 or surgery 26. American Association of Anaesthetists (ASA) scores, obesity rates and palliative procedures were all higher in the stent group. Inpatient deaths numbered four (two stent group, two surgery group). The technical success of inserted stents was 29/30, while clinical success was 27/30. Complications both medical, surgical and intensive care unit admissions were more common in the surgical group. Length of stay was 8.5 days for stent and 17.7 days for surgery. Of the 25 successful stent survivors, 14 were palliative and 11 were BTS.Conclusions:  SEMS are effective in treatment of LBO either as palliation or BTS. They are associated with an overall better outcome and improved quality of life of patients. Surgery is indicated where SEMS are unavailable or have failed.
Quality of life after penile reconstruction using the radial forearm flap in adult bladder exstrophy patients – technique and outcomes
Authors: Ricketts Sophie , Hunter‐Smith David James , Coombs Christopher John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Patients who have undergone reconstruction of bladder extrophy can have an extremely short penis, which can be functionally and psychologically debilitating. Penile reconstruction with the radial forearm free flap has the potential to provide these patients with improved genital appearance and sexual function. Quality of life after penile reconstruction is an important outcome measure in evaluation of the procedure.Methods:  We describe five patients who underwent total penile reconstruction with radial forearm free flaps and interview them with a quality of life questionnaire.Results:  Responses were overwhelmingly positive with regard to improved self‐image as well as sexual function.Conclusions:  This series supports the overwhelmingly positive change in quality of life to be gained with radial forearm free flap penile reconstruction for patients with an extremely short native penis in the adult exstrophy patient.
Dangerous toys
Authors: Scott Alison , Dansey Rangi , Hamill James 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Motorcycles are sources of significant injury for children. There is limited data describing New Zealand's experience. The study's aim was to quantify the burden of motorcycle trauma presenting to Starship Children's Hospital by assessing the annual admission rates, severity and pattern of injuries, and patient mortality, and to compare injury patterns of those riding all‐terrain vehicles (ATV) and two‐wheeled motorbikes (MB).Methods:  Retrospective chart review of all motorcycle trauma admissions to Starship Children's Hospital between November 1999 and December 2008. Patients were identified using the Starship Trauma Registry.Results:  One hundred forty‐six admissions (123 MBs, 23 ATVs). Admissions have increased threefold in 9 years. Mean age was 10.5 years (range 2–14 years). ATV riders were significantly younger than MB riders (median 9 and 12 years, P = 0.001). Eighty‐five per cent of patients were male and New Zealand European. There were two deaths in the study. Median length of stay was 2 days (1–80 days); 7.4% required intensive care admission. The median injury severity score (ISS) was 4 (1–35). Twenty‐six per cent of ATV riders had an ISS >12, and 8.9% of MB riders had and ISS >12, P = 0.03. Eighty‐five per cent of patients with an ISS >12 were under 12 years. Sixty per cent of patients required an operative procedure. No difference in pattern of injuries between in ATVs and motorbikes.Conclusions:  Motorcycle trauma admissions are increasing. ATV riders are more severely injured and younger than MB riders. Children <12 years are more likely to be severely injured in comparison to those >12 years.
Linking stoichiometric homoeostasis with ecosystem structure, functioning and stability
Authors: Yu Qiang , Chen Quansheng , Elser James J. , He Nianpeng , Wu Honghui , Zhang Guangming , Wu Jianguo , Bai Yongfei , Han Xingguo 
Published: September 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1390–1399AbstractEcosystem structure, functioning and stability have been a focus of ecological and environmental sciences during the past two decades. The mechanisms underlying their relationship, however, are not well understood. Based on comprehensive studies in Inner Mongolia grassland, here we show that species‐level stoichiometric homoeostasis was consistently positively correlated with dominance and stability on both 2‐year and 27‐year temporal scales and across a 1200‐km spatial transect. At the community level, stoichiometric homoeostasis was also positively correlated with ecosystem function and stability in most cases. Thus, homoeostatic species tend to have high and stable biomass; and ecosystems dominated by more homoeostatic species have higher productivity and greater stability. By modulating organism responses to key environmental drivers, stoichiometric homoeostasis appears to be a major mechanism responsible for the structure, functioning and stability of grassland ecosystems.
A blueprint of ectoine metabolism from the genome of the industrial producer Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T
Authors: Schwibbert Karin , Marin‐Sanguino Alberto , Bagyan Irina , Heidrich Gabriele , Lentzen Georg , Seitz Harald , Rampp Markus , Schuster Stephan C. , Klenk Hans‐Peter , Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Oesterhelt Dieter , Kunte Hans Jörg 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe halophilic γ‐proteobacterium Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T thrives at high salinity by synthesizing and accumulating the compatible solute ectoine. Ectoine levels are highly regulated according to external salt levels but the overall picture of its metabolism and control is not well understood. Apart from its critical role in cell adaptation to halophilic environments, ectoine can be used as a stabilizer for enzymes and as a cell protectant in skin and health care applications and is thus produced annually on a scale of tons in an industrial process using H. elongata as producer strain. This paper presents the complete genome sequence of H. elongata (4 061 296 bp) and includes experiments and analysis identifying and characterizing the entire ectoine metabolism, including a newly discovered pathway for ectoine degradation and its cyclic connection to ectoine synthesis. The degradation of ectoine (doe) proceeds via hydrolysis of ectoine (DoeA) to Nα‐acetyl‐l‐2,4‐diaminobutyric acid, followed by deacetylation to diaminobutyric acid (DoeB). In H. elongata, diaminobutyric acid can either flow off to aspartate or re‐enter the ectoine synthesis pathway, forming a cycle of ectoine synthesis and degradation. Genome comparison revealed that the ectoine degradation pathway exists predominantly in non‐halophilic bacteria unable to synthesize ectoine. Based on the resulting genetic and biochemical data, a metabolic flux model of ectoine metabolism was derived that can be used to understand the way H. elongata survives under varying salt stresses and that provides a basis for a model‐driven improvement of industrial ectoine production.
Aberrant conjunctival stricture and overgrowth in the rabbit
Authors: Allgoewer Ingrid , Malho Pedro , Schulze Heiko , Schäffer Ekkehard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSix dwarf rabbits with unilateral (n = 2) and bilateral (n = 4) aberrant conjunctival growth underwent surgical correction. The applied technique involved centrifugal incisions of the overgrowing conjunctiva to the limbus and a transpalpebral fixation of the conjunctiva. In this way the conjunctival fornix was reconstructed. No relapses were noted within the observation period (5–72 months).