bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Metabolic Control on Bone Quality in Phenylketonuria and Mild Hyperphenylalaninemia
Authors: Porta Francesco , Mussa Alessandro , Zanin Anna , Greggio Nella Augusta , Burlina Alberto , Spada Marco 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives:A reduction of bone mineral density of unknown etiology has been reported in phenylketonuria (PKU) by radiological techniques, whereas no data on bone density in mild hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) are available. We aimed to assess bone condition in PKU and HPA by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), taking into account patients’ clinical and biochemical features.Patients and Methods:Phalangeal QUS has been used for bone assessment in 78 patients affected by PKU (n = 42) or mild HPA (n = 36). For each patient, blood phenylalanine concentrations in the 2 years before the study have been recorded and related to bone assessment.Results:Overall normal bone quality has been observed in the whole study group (AD‐SoS standard deviation score [SDS] 0.25 ± 1.29; BTT SDS −0.13 ± 1.08). PKU adolescents (age older than 15 years, AD‐SoS SDS −0.54 ± 1.33; BTT SDS −0.85 ± 1.21) and patients with poor compliance with treatment (blood phenylalanine >10 mg/dL, AD‐SoS SDS −0.47 ± 1.39; BTT SDS −0.97 ± 1.14) showed lower BTT SDS with respect to normal population (P = 0.003 and P< 0.001, respectively). Patients with PKU with good compliance with treatment (blood phenylalanine < 10 mg/dL, AD‐SoS SDS 0.65 ± 1.33; BTT SDS 0.15 ± 0.94) and patients with mild HPA (AD‐SoS SDS 0.44 ± 1.06 and BTT SDS 0.19 ± 0.85) showed normal bone mineral density and cortical thickness.Conclusions:Good compliance with treatment in PKU during adolescence and adulthood is desirable because diet discontinuation is associated with bone loss. Mild HPA seems not to be complicated by bone damage.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola: from ‘has bean’ to supermodel
Authors: ARNOLD DAWN L. , LOVELL HELEN C. , JACKSON ROBERT W. , MANSFIELD JOHN W. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola causes halo blight of the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, worldwide and remains difficult to control. Races of the pathogen cause either disease symptoms or a resistant hypersensitive response on a series of differentially reacting bean cultivars. The molecular genetics of the interaction between P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and bean, and the evolution of bacterial virulence, have been investigated in depth and this research has led to important discoveries in the field of plant–microbe interactions. In this review, we discuss several of the areas of study that chart the rise of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola from a common pathogen of bean plants to a molecular plant‐pathogen supermodel bacterium.Taxonomy: Bacteria; Proteobacteria, gamma subdivision; order Pseudomonadales; family Pseudomonadaceae; genus Pseudomonas; species Pseudomonas syringae; Genomospecies 2; pathogenic variety phaseolicola.Microbiological properties: Gram‐negative, aerobic, motile, rod‐shaped, 1.5 µm long, 0.7–1.2 µm in diameter, at least one polar flagellum, optimal temperatures for growth of 25–30 °C, oxidase negative, arginine dihydrolase negative, levan positive and elicits the hypersensitive response on tobacco.Host range: Major bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in temperate regions and above medium altitudes in the tropics. Natural infections have been recorded on several other legume species, including all members of the tribe Phaseoleae with the exception of Desmodium spp. and Pisum sativum.Disease symptoms: Water‐soaked lesions on leaves, pods, stems or petioles, that quickly develop greenish‐yellow haloes on leaves at temperatures of less than 23 °C. Infected seeds may be symptomless, or have wrinkled or buttery‐yellow patches on the seed coat. Seedling infection is recognized by general chlorosis, stunting and distortion of growth.Epidemiology: Seed borne and disseminated from exudation by water‐splash and wind occurring during rainfall. Bacteria invade through wounds and natural openings (notably stomata). Weedy and cultivated alternative hosts may also harbour the bacterium.Disease control: Some measure of control is achieved with copper formulations and streptomycin. Pathogen‐free seed and resistant cultivars are recommended.Useful websites: Pseudomonas–plant interaction http://www.pseudomonas‐syringae.org/; PseudoDB http://xbase.bham.ac.uk/pseudodb/; Plant Associated and Environmental Microbes Database (PAMDB) http://genome.ppws.vt.edu/cgi‐bin/MLST/home.pl; PseudoMLSA Database http://www.uib.es/microbiologiaBD/Welcome.html
Invertases involved in the development of the parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa: characterization of the dominant soluble acid isoform, PrSAI1
Authors: DRAIE RIDA , PÉRON THOMAS , POUVREAU JEAN‐BERNARD , VÉRONÉSI CHRISTOPHE , JÉGOU SANDRINE , DELAVAULT PHILIPPE , THOIRON SÉVERINE , SIMIER PHILIPPE 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY Phelipanche ramosa L. parasitizes major crops, acting as a competitive sink for host photoassimilates, especially sucrose. An understanding of the mechanisms of sucrose utilization in parasites is an important step in the development of new control methods. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the invertase gene family in P. ramosa and analysed its involvement in plant development. Invertase‐encoded cDNAs were isolated using degenerate primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of invertases. In addition to enzyme assays, gene expression was analysed using real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction during overall plant development. The dominant isoform was purified and sequenced using electrospray ionization‐liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐LC‐MS/MS). Five invertase‐encoded cDNAs were thus characterized, including PrSai1 which encodes a soluble acid invertase (SAI). Of the five invertases, PrSai1 transcripts and SAI activity were dominant in growing organs. The most active invertase corresponded to the PrSai1 gene product. The purified PrSAI1 displayed low pI and optimal pH values, specificity for β‐fructofuranosides and inhibition by metallic ions and competitive inhibition by fructose. PrSAI1 is a typical vacuolar SAI that is actively involved in growth following both germination and attachment to host roots. In addition, germinated seeds displayed enhanced cell wall invertase activity (PrCWI) in comparison with preconditioned seeds, suggesting the contribution of this activity in the sink strength of infected roots during the subsequent step of root penetration. Our results show that PrSAI1 and, possibly, PrCWI constitute good targets for the development of new transgenic resistance in host plants using proteinaceous inhibitors or silencing strategies.
Physical association of pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) immune receptors in Arabidopsis
Authors: QI YIPING , TSUDA KENICHI , GLAZEBROOK JANE , KATAGIRI FUMIAKI 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYPlants possess two distinct types of immune receptor. The first type, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), recognizes microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and initiates pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) on recognition. FLS2 is a PRR, which recognizes a part of bacterial flagellin. The second type, resistance (R) proteins, recognizes pathogen effectors and initiates effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) on recognition. RPM1, RPS2 and RPS5 are R proteins. Here, we provide evidence that FLS2 is physically associated with all three R proteins. Our findings suggest that signalling interactions occur between PTI and ETI at very early stages and/or that FLS2 forms a PTI signalling complex, some components of which are guarded by R proteins.
Influence of attitudes on pharmacists' intention to report serious adverse drug events to the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Gavaza Paul , Brown Carolyn M. , Lawson Kenneth A. , Rascati Karen L. , Wilson James P. , Steinhardt Mary 
Published: February 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Attitude is an important factor impacting pharmacists' reporting of adverse drug events (ADE) to pharmacovigilance centres.• However, little is known about United States (US) pharmacists' attitudes with respect to ADE reporting. No known study has assessed US pharmacists' attitude to report serious ADEs to the FDA. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This study results suggest that pharmacists hold favourable attitudes toward reporting serious ADEs to the FDA and there is an association between pharmacists' attitude and intention to report serious ADEs.• Pharmacists' beliefs that reporting serious ADEs was time consuming and disrupted the normal workflow impact on reporting intentions.• Pharmacists' attitudes towards reporting need to be improved in order to enhance patient and drug safety.AIM To investigate the influence of pharmacists' attitudes on intention to report serious adverse drug events (ADEs) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).METHODS This cross‐sectional study used a mail survey to collect data from hospital and community pharmacists practicing in Texas, United States. Three and 16 items were used to measure intention and attitudes, respectively, using a seven‐point bipolar scale. Pharmacists' demographic and practice characteristics, and past reporting were also measured.RESULTS The response rate was 26.4% (n= 377/1500 pharmacists). Most pharmacists intended (n= 297, 78.8%) to report serious ADEs that they will encounter to the FDA through MedWatch. Overall, pharmacists held favourable attitudes towards reporting serious ADEs (mean = 24.5, SD = 6.7, possible range 1–49, neutral = 16). Pharmacists intending to report serious ADEs had more favourable attitudes than those who did not (P < 0.001). About 90% of the pharmacists believed that reporting serious ADEs would improve patient safety. However, 72.6% indicated that reporting serious ADEs was time consuming and over half (55.5%) of the respondents believed that reporting serious ADEs disrupted the normal workflow. Non‐intenders held stronger beliefs that ADE reporting would disrupt the normal workflow and was time consuming compared with intenders. Years of experience, number of hours worked and practice setting were associated with pharmacists' attitudes towards reporting (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS Most pharmacists held moderately favourable attitudes and high intentions toward reporting serious ADEs to the FDA. This study's findings contribute to an increased understanding of individual factors that influence pharmacists' attitude and intention towards reporting serious ADEs to the FDA.
Pharmacokinetics of combined treatment with praziquantel and albendazole in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Garcia Hector H. , Lescano Andres G. , Lanchote Vera L. , Pretell E. Javier , Gonzales Isidro , Bustos Javier A. , Takayanagui Osvaldo M. , Bonato Pierina S. , Horton John , Saavedra Herbert , Gonzalez Armando E. , Gilman Robert H. ,   for the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: February 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The antiparasitic drugs albendazole and prazoquantel have been used together before for geohelminths, echinococcosis and cysticercosis, but there is only scarce and discrepant data on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs when given together. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This is a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled phase II evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of albendazole and praziquantel in 32 patients with neurocysticercosis which demonstrates that combined albendazole + praziquantel is associated with increased albendazole sulfoxide concentrations. These increased concentrations could independently contribute to increased cysticidal efficacy by themselves or in addition to a possible synergistic effect.AIMS Neurocysticercosis is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy in the world. Antiparasitic treatment of viable brain cysts is of clinical benefit, but current antiparasitic regimes provide incomplete parasiticidal efficacy. Combined use of two antiparasitic drugs may improve clearance of brain parasites. Albendazole (ABZ) has been used together with praziquantel (PZQ) before for geohelminths, echinococcosis and cysticercosis, but their combined use is not yet formally recommended and only scarce, discrepant data exist on their pharmacokinetics when given together. We assessed the pharmacokinetics of their combined use for the treatment of neurocysticercosis.METHODS A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase II evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of ABZ and PZQ in 32 patients with neurocysticercosis was carried out. Patients received their usual concomitant medications including an antiepileptic drug, dexamethasone, and ranitidine. Randomization was stratified by antiepileptic drug (phenytoin or carbamazepine). Subjects had sequential blood samples taken after the first dose of antiparasitic drugs and again after 9 days of treatment, and were followed for 3 months after dosing.RESULTS Twenty‐one men and 11 women, aged 16 to 55 (mean age 28) years were included. Albendazole sulfoxide concentrations were increased in the combination group compared with the ABZ alone group, both in patients taking phenytoin and patients taking carbamazepine. PZQ concentrations were also increased by the end of therapy. There were no significant side effects in this study group.CONCLUSIONS Combined ABZ + PZQ is associated with increased albendazole sulfoxide plasma concentrations. These increased concentrations could independently contribute to increased cysticidal efficacy by themselves or in addition to a possible synergistic effect.
The effect of molasses‐based pre‐fermented juice on the fermentation quality of first‐cut lucerne silage
Authors: Denek N. , Can A. , Avci M. , Aksu T. , Durmaz H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of pre‐fermented juice (PFJ) on the fermentation quality and nutritive value of first‐cut lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) silage. The PFJs were prepared using barley (B), wheat (W) and grass herbages (G). Both fresh (PFJ‐B, PFJ‐W and PFJ‐G) and frozen (PFJ‐BF, PFJ‐WF and PFJ‐GF) PFJs were examined. Frozen PFJs were prepared by freezing fresh PFJs at −22°C with 20% glycerol (v/v). Treatments of lucerne silage included (1) control; (2) silage treated with PFJ‐B; (3) silage treated with PFJ‐W; (4) silage treated with PFJ‐G; (5) silage treated with PFJ‐BF; (6) silage treated with PFJ‐WF; and (7) silage treated with PFJ‐GF. All the treatments consisted of five replicate silos, and they were prepared in 1·0‐L glass jar silos. Results showed that silages treated with fresh and frozen PFJs, regardless of plant material, had better fermentation quality than the control silage in terms of lower pH, butyric acid (BA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentrations, as well as higher lactic acid (LA) concentration (P < 0·05) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), metabolizable energy (ME) content, and gas production values (P < 0·05). Results indicated that PFJ treatments enhanced the nutritive value, fermentation quality and IVOMD, ME content and gas production values of first‐cut lucerne silages.
Influence of post system and remaining coronal tooth tissue on biomechanical behaviour of root filled molar teeth
Authors: Santana F. R. , Castro C. G. , Simamoto‐Júnior P. C. , Soares P. V. , Quagliatto P. S. , Estrela C. , Soares C. J. 
Published: February 2011

Santana FR, Castro CG, Simamoto‐Júnior PC, Soares PV, Quagliatto PS, Estrela C, Soares CJ. Influence of post system and remaining coronal tooth tissue on biomechanical behaviour of root filled molar teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 44, 386–394, 2011.AbstractAim  To investigate ex vivo the influence of post system and amount of remaining coronal tooth tissue on the fracture resistance, fracture mode and strain of root filled molar teeth.Methodology  Seventy mandibular human molar teeth were divided into seven groups (n = 10), one control (sound teeth) and six experimental groups resulting from the interaction between the two study factors: post system (Pa, post absence; Gfp, glass fibre post; Cmp, cast Ni–Cr alloy post and core) and amount of remaining coronal tooth tissue (Fe, 2 mm of ferrule; NFe, no ferrule). Teeth in the experimental groups were restored with metal crowns. For the strain gauge test, two strain gauges per sample were attached on the buccal and proximal root surfaces, and the samples of each group (n = 5) were submitted to a load of 0–100 N. Fracture resistance (N) was assessed in a mechanical testing device (n = 10). Strain gauge and fracture resistance data were analysed by two‐way anova (3 × 2) followed by the Tukey’s HSD and Duncan’s test (α = 0.05). The failure mode was evaluated using an optical stereomicroscope and classified according to the location of the failure.Results  The absence of ferrule was associated with lower fracture resistance regardless of the post system. Groups restored with glass fibre post and cast Ni–Cr alloy post and core had similar fracture resistance and higher values than groups without posts, regardless of the remaining coronal tooth tissue. Teeth with no ferrule and cast Ni–Cr alloy post and core resulted in catastrophic fractures and those with no ferrule and glass fibre post or no ferrule and post absence resulted in restorable failures. Buccal strain was higher in sound teeth and lower in teeth without posts. Glass fibre post insertion decreased the buccal strain compared to the teeth with ferrule and absence of post.Conclusions  Two millimetre of ferrule had a significant influence on cusp strain, fracture resistance and failure mode. The glass fibre post was as effective as the cast Ni–Cr alloy post and core in the restoration of root filled molars regardless of the remaining tooth tissue. Absence of a post decreased the fracture resistance and increased the cusp strain.
Children’s experiences of procedural pain management in conjunction with trauma wound dressings
Authors: Nilsson Stefan , Hallqvist Carina , Sidenvall Birgitta , Enskär Karin 
Published: February 2011

nilsson s., hallqvist c., sidenvall b. & enskär k. (2011) Children’s experiences of procedural pain management in conjunction with trauma wound dressings. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(7), 1449–1457.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of the experiences of children (5–10 years) of procedural pain when they underwent a trauma wound care session.Background.  Procedural pain in conjunction with trauma wound care often induces anxiety and distress in children. Children need to alleviate pain and avoid the development of fear in conjunction with examinations and treatments. The nurse could help children to reach this goal by using the comfort theory, which describes holistic nursing in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural. Few studies have focused on children’s experiences of comforting activities in conjunction with trauma wound dressings.Methods.  This study was conducted between May 2008 and January 2010. Thirty‐nine participants aged 5–10 were consecutively included in this study. The wound care session was standardized for all the participants, and semi‐structured qualitative interviews with open‐ended questions were conducted with all the children in conjunction with the procedure. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis.Findings.  Four themes were identified: clinical competence, distraction, participation and security. The children were helped to reach comforting activities to enhance pain management.Conclusion.  Children require more than just analgesics in wound care. They also need to experience security and participation in this context. When children feel clinical competence in wound care, they trust the nurse to carry out the wound dressing and instead can focus on the distraction that increases their positive outcomes.
A randomized trial of peer review: the UK National Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Resources and Outcomes Project: three‐year evaluation
Authors: Roberts Christopher M. , Stone Robert A. , Buckingham Rhona J. , Pursey Nancy A. , Lowe Derek , Potter Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRationale  Peer review has been widely used within the National Health Service to facilitate health quality improvement but evaluation has been limited particularly over the longer‐term. Change within the National Health Service (NHS) can take a prolonged period – 1–2 years – to occur. We report here a 3‐year evaluation of the largest randomized trial of peer review ever conducted in the UK.Aim  To evaluate whether targeted mutual peer review of respiratory units brings about improvements in services for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over 3 years.Methods  The peer review intervention was a reciprocal supportive exercise that included clinicians, hospital management, commissioners and patients, which focused on the quality of the provision of four specific evidence‐based aspects of COPD care.Results  Follow‐up at 36 months demonstrated limited significant quantitative differences in the quality of services offered in the two groups but a strong trend in favour of intervention sites. Qualitative data suggested many benefits of peer review in most but not all intervention units and some control teams. The data identify factors that promote and obstruct change.Conclusion  The findings demonstrate significant change in service provision over 3 years in both control and intervention sites with great variability in both groups. The combined quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that targeted mutual peer review is associated with improved quality of care, improvements in service delivery and with changes within departments that promote and are precursors to quality improvement. The generic findings of this study have potential implications for the application of peer review throughout the NHS.
A comparison of disease‐specific medical expenditures in Japan using the principal diagnosis method and the proportional distribution method
Authors: Tanihara Shinichi , Okamoto Etsuji , Une Hiroshi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  There are technical limitations to handling all the information mentioned in health insurance claims (HICs) in Japan. Therefore, conventional methods for estimating disease‐specific medical expenditures assume that all medical care expenditures in a given HIC are spent on only one principal diagnosis even when the HIC contains multiple diagnoses.Objectives  To estimate the disease‐specific medical expenditures that consider all diagnosis on a given HIC.Methods  Data were obtained from 169 622 outpatient HICs in May 2006 from health insurance provided by the employer. We compared the estimated disease‐specific medical expenditures of the conventional method with a proportional distribution method (PDM), which considers all diagnoses on the HICs.Results  For diabetes mellitus and other diseases of the digestive system, the proportion of principal diagnoses among total diagnoses was 52.4% (4849/9251) and 19.6% (2614/13331), respectively. In addition, the ratio of the estimated disease‐specific medical expenditures between the conventional method and the PDM method was 1.49 for diabetes mellitus and 0.64 for other diseases of the digestive system. The estimation of disease‐specific medical expenditures using the conventional method may therefore have overestimated the expenditures on the disease category typically selected as the principal diagnosis and underestimated the expenditures on the disease category less likely to be selected as the principal diagnosis.Conclusions  The conventional method for estimation of disease‐specific medical expenditures should be improved by utilizing all the diagnoses information on HICs.