bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of hydroxyl‐terminated silanes in porous silicon for in‐situ DNA synthesis
Authors: Lawrie Jenifer L. , Weiss Sharon M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPassivation of porous silicon sensors is a critical issue for achieving high sensitivity and selectivity toward biomolecule targets that may be detected in complex physiologic solution. Without appropriate passivation, degradation of the porous silicon matrix inhibits the repeatability of optical measurements and limits applications in complex media. In this work, we present a method for stabilizing TEOS‐HBA monolayers in porous silicon. Annealing of the silane at 200°C for 16 hours, followed by a deionized water wash for a minimum of one hour, results in a porous silicon surface that is highly stable in a number of solvents. Annealing improves cross‐linking of surface‐attached silane molecules for added stability, and hydrolyzing facilitates removal of weakly bound multilayers. This surface treatment procedure is of considerable interest in applications such as DNA synthesis where hydroxyl functionality is critical and a thick silane surface coating is not desired. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of precipitates on the kinetics of iron gettering from the Si wafers by the Al layers
Authors: Sarikov Andrey , Naseka Victor , Litovchenko Vladimir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGettering of heavy metal impurities that cause unwanted recombination of minority carriers in the bulk of crystalline Si is one of the key requirements for the technology of wafer based Si solar cells. The impurity gettering leads to the increase of minority carrier life time and thus of solar cell efficiency. Aluminium layers are traditionally used for the extraction of heavy metal impurities from crystalline Si due to the enhanced solubility of metal atoms in Al comparing to that in Si. This work is devoted to the theoretical study of the kinetics of the gettering of precipitated iron from the Si wafers by the Al layers during thermal anneals. A kinetic model is developed that takes into account both the precipitate dissolution and the iron atom diffusion in Si bulk that influence on the iron gettering kinetics. The kinetics of the decrease of iron concentration in Si wafers resulted from the gettering treatments is studied as a function of the concentration and the initial size of precipitates, as well as on the temperature of gettering anneals. The suggestion on the temperature regimes is proposed to achieve high gettering efficiency of precipitated iron from the Si wafers (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hybrid structures of porous silicon and conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Nahor Amit , Berger Oren , Bardavid Yosef , Toker Gil , Tamar Yair , Reiss Leah , Asscher Micha , Yitzchaik Shlomo , Sa'ar Amir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report on a novel approach to synthesize hybrid nanostructures of meso porous silicon and conjugated organic polymers that are suitable for solar cell applications. Meso‐porous silicon substrates with relatively large pores (∼100 nm) have been exploited for electrochemical polymerization of organic monomers, which were introduced into the porous silicon matrices and electro‐polymerized to create poly‐vinyl‐carbazole (PVK). We present electrical characteristics of a device having relatively thin films of the hybrid medium, which exhibits a photovoltaic mode of operation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Catalytic nanopores for electroless deposition of adhesive metal films on silicon: Applications to various silicon substrates including multi‐ and micro‐crystalline
Authors: Yae Shinji , Sakabe Keisuke , Hirano Tatsuya , Fukumuro Naoki , Matsuda Hitoshi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetal‐particle‐assisted hydrofluoric acid etching of silicon (Si) is a unique method of preparing Si nanopores with metal nanoparticles at the bottom of each nanopore. Autocatalytic electroless deposition, which is the conventional method to metalize nonmetallic substrates, requires catalyzation of the substrates before deposition. For Si substrates, obtaining adhesive metal films with conventional catalyzation pretreatments is difficult. We recently developed a new method to produce adhesive metal films on Si substrates using catalytic nanopores that consists of three steps: 1) displacement deposition of metal nanoparticles; 2) Si nanopore formation by metal‐particle‐assisted hydrofluoric acid etching; and 3) autocatalytic electroless deposition of metal films. In this study, the new method is applied not only to previously reported p‐Si (100) 1 Ω cm substrates but also to various Si substrates, such as low and high resistibility, p‐ and n‐types, (100), (111), and (110) planes, and single‐, multi‐ and micro‐crystalline substrates. Adhesive and bright metal films were formed on all Si substrates. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relationship between net doping density and resistivity of compensated mc‐Si ingots
Authors: Modanese Chiara , Di Sabatino Marisa , Søiland Anne‐Karin , Arnberg Lars 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe total concentration of doping species in both p‐ and n‐type crystalline Si materials can be easily estimated by resistivity measurements. However, to use this relation for estimating the net doping density for compensated materials can be questioned due to the interaction between doping species. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate if resistivity measurements can be used to estimate the net doping density in materials with dopant densities characteristic for compensated solar cell silicon. The net doping density, NA‐ND, of several p‐type compensated mc‐Si ingots with different contents of B and P has been independently measured by chemical analyses (GDMS) and resistivity measurements (FPP). NA is assumed to be equal to the sum of B and Al atomic concentrations, whereas ND is assumed to be equal to the P concentration. The net doping densities obtained by the two methods are in agreement within the uncertainty limits for the GDMS measurements, indicating that resistivity measurements give a good estimate of the net doping densities investigated here. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural properties of porous 6H silicon carbide
Authors: Newby Pascal , Bluet Jean‐Marie , Aimez Vincent , Fréchette Luc G. , Lysenko Vladimir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this work we have studied the effect of current density and UV illumination on the morphology of porous SiC formed by electrochemical etching. Raman spectroscopy was also carried out, in order to correlate the porous SiC structure with the obtained spectra. We show that current density is important in controlling the type of structure, whereas UV illumination plays a role in pore nucleation at lower current densities. The shape of the Raman spectra, in particular the longitudinal optical (LO) peak, also depends strongly on the SiC nanoscale morphology. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effectiveness and safety of topical capsaicin cream in the treatment of chronic soft tissue pain
Authors: Chrubasik S. , Weiser T. , Beime B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTopical capsaicin is an established treatment option for various pain conditions. In a randomized double‐blind multi‐centre study, 281 patients suffering from chronic soft tissue pain were treated either with a cream containing capsaicin 0.05% (‘Finalgon® CPD Wärmecreme’, n = 140) or placebo (n = 141). Of these, 151 were excluded from the ITT analysis, as they had in addition to their soft‐tissue pain, pain of other origin. The primary outcome measure was a positive treatment response, defined as a pain sum score reduction of 30% or more. After 3 weeks of treatment, the median pain sum score had decreased by 49% (capsicum group) and 23% (placebo group) (ITT analysis, p = 0.0006). The odds ratio of the responders in favour for capsaicin was 4.3 (CI 97.5% lower limit 1.9, p < 0.0001). Improvements in the secondary efficacy measures confirmed the results. Likewise, all outcome measures had significantly more improved in the capsaicin‐treated compared with the placebo‐treated chronic back pain sufferers. All patients were included in the safety assessments. More adverse events occurred in the capsicum group (n = 13) than in the placebo group (n = 6). The capsaicin cream was generally well tolerated. The results indicate that capsaicin cream is useful in patients with chronic soft tissue pain and is also efficacious in patients with chronic back pain for which effectiveness was already demonstrated in earlier clinical trials.
Baekjeolyusin‐tang and its active component berberine block the release of collagen and proteoglycan from IL‐1β‐stimulated rabbit cartilage and down‐regulate matrix metalloproteinases in rabbit chondrocytes
Authors: Moon Phil‐Dong , Jeong Hyeon Seok , Chun Chang Sun , Kim Hyung‐Min 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a major degenerative disease affecting millions of individuals. The ability of articular cartilage to self‐repair is limited due to a low tissue turnover rate and the avascular nature of the cartilage, making OA an irreversible disease. In Korea, however, many traditional Korean medical doctors have treated joint disease with a prescription of traditional Korean medicine, BaekJeolYuSin‐tang (BYT). Thus, the chondroprotective effects of BYT and its active component, berberine (Ber) were investigated in an experimental model. Here it is shown that BYT or Ber significantly inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs‐5 as well as increasing the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1, aggrecan and collagen in rabbit articular chondrocytes (p < 0.05). BYT or Ber significantly inhibited the secretion and activity of MMP‐3 (p < 0.05). In addition, BYT or Ber significantly inhibited the release of collagen and glycosaminoglycan into the culture media from rabbit articular cartilage explants (p < 0.05). The data suggest that BYT or Ber has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanogap Ring Antennae as Plasmonically Coupled SERRS Substrates
Authors: Clark Alasdair W. , Cooper Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe fabrication, optical characterization, and application of a new generation of ultrasmall multiple‐split nanoring antennae is reported. Using electron‐beam lithography, splits of ≈6 nm are engineered into silver nanophotonic ring structures to create concentrated areas of localized field coupling, which can be exploited for enhanced plasmonic applications. The plasmonic properties of three devices, containing 3, 4, and 5 splits, which have been spectrally tuned to 532 nm, are compared. Using finite‐element analysis, the distinct plasmonic characteristics of each structure are explored and a description is given of how variations in the surface charge distribution affect intersegmental coupling at different polarization angles. The impact these changes have on the sensory functionality of each device was determined by a competitive DNA‐hybridization assay measured using surface‐enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy. The geometry of these novel, circular, multiple‐split rings leads to unique plasmon hybridization between the numerous segments of a single structure. This phenomenon is demonstrated to be applicable to extreme Raman sensitivity and may also find use in metamaterial applications.
Distinct Roles for Wnt-4 and Wnt-11 During Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation
Authors: Elizalde Carina , Campa Victor M. , Caro Mercedes , Schlangen Karin , María Aransay Ana , dM Vivanco Maria , Kypta Robert M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Retinoic acid and Wnt/β-catenin signals play important roles during neuronal differentiation but less is known about noncanonical Wnt signals in this context. We examined retinoic acid and Wnt signaling in two human embryonal carcinoma cell lines, NTERA-2 (clone D1), which undergoes neuronal differentiation in response to retinoic acid, and 2102Ep, which does not. Retinoic acid treatment inhibited β-catenin/Tcf activity in NTERA-2 cells but not in 2102Ep cells. Inhibition occurred downstream of β-catenin but did not involve competition between retinoic acid receptors and β-catenin for binding to p300 or Tcf-4. Ectopic expression of FZD1 partially restored inhibition in 2102Ep cells, suggesting the involvement of Wnt ligands. Retinoic acid treatment of NTERA-2 cells induced the expression of Wnt-4 and Wnt-11, both of which were able to inhibit β-catenin/Tcf activity. Wnt-4 and Wnt-11 were found at cell borders in islands of cells that expressed OCT4 and GFAP and were predominantly negative for Nestin, PAX6, and GATA6. Gene silencing of Wnt-4, but not Wnt-11, reduced retinoic acid downregulation of OCT4 and Nanog and upregulation of PAX6, ASCL1, HOXC5, and NEUROD1, suggesting that Wnt-4 promotes early neuronal differentiation. Gene expression analysis of NTERA-2 cells stably overexpressing Wnt-11 suggested that Wnt-11 potentiates retinoic acid induction of early neurogenesis. Consistent with this, overexpression of Wnt-11 maintained a population of proliferating progenitor cells in cultures treated with retinoic acid for several weeks. These observations highlight the distinct roles of two noncanonical Wnts during the early stages of retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation.
A Nonhuman Primate Model for Urinary Bladder Regeneration Using Autologous Sources of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sharma Arun K. , Bury Matthew I. , Marks Andrew J. , Fuller Natalie J. , Meisner Jay W. , Tapaskar Natalie , Halliday Lisa C. , Matoka Derek J. , Cheng Earl Y. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Animal models that have been used to examine the regenerative capacity of cell-seeded scaffolds in a urinary bladder augmentation model have ultimately translated poorly in the clinical setting. This may be due to a number of factors including cell types used for regeneration and anatomical/physiological differences between lower primate species and their human counterparts. We postulated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could provide a cell source for partial bladder regeneration in a newly described nonhuman primate bladder (baboon) augmentation model. Cell-sorted CD105+/CD73+/CD34−/CD45− baboon MSCs transduced with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were seeded onto small intestinal submucosa (SIS) scaffolds. Baboons underwent an approximate 40%–50% cystectomy followed by augmentation cystoplasty with the aforementioned scaffolds or controls and finally enveloped with omentum. Bladders from sham, unseeded SIS, and MSC/SIS scaffolds were subjected to trichrome, H&E, and immunofluorescent staining 10 weeks postaugmentation. Immunofluorescence staining for muscle markers combined with an anti-GFP antibody revealed that &gt;90% of the cells were GFP+/muscle marker+ and &gt;70% were GFP+/Ki-67+ demonstrating grafted cells were present and actively proliferating within the grafted region. Trichrome staining of MSC/SIS-augmented bladders exhibited typical bladder architecture and quantitative morphometry analyses revealed an approximate 32% and 52% muscle to collagen ratio in unseeded versus seeded animals, respectively. H&E staining revealed a lack of infiltration of inflammatory cells in grafted animals and in corresponding kidneys and ureters. Simple cystometry indicated recovery between 28% and 40% of native bladder capacity. Data demonstrate MSC/SIS composites support regeneration of bladder tissue and validate this new bladder augmentation model.
Enrichment of Human ESC-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties Capable to Protect Against Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sánchez Laura , Gutierrez-Aranda Iván , Ligero Gertrudis , Rubio Ruth , Muñoz-López Martín , García-Pérez José L. , Ramos Verónica , Real Pedro. J. , Bueno Clara , Rodríguez René , Delgado Mario , Menendez Pablo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman ESCs provide access to the earliest stages of human development and may serve as an unlimited source of functional cells for future cell therapies. The optimization of methods directing the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into tissue-specific precursors becomes crucial. We report an efficient enrichment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from hESCs through specific inhibition of SMAD-2/3 signaling. Human ESC-derived MSCs (hESC-MSCs) emerged as a population of fibroblastoid cells expressing a MSC phenotype: CD73+ CD90+ CD105+ CD44+ CD166+ CD45− CD34− CD14− CD19− human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR)−. After 28 days of SMAD-2/3 inhibition, hESC cultures were enriched (&gt;42%) in multipotent MSCs. CD73+CD90+ hESC-MSCs were fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-isolated and long-term cultures were established and maintained for many passages displaying a faster growth than somatic tissue-derived MSCs while maintaining MSC morphology and phenotype. They displayed osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrocytic differentiation potential and exhibited potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo, where hESC-MSCs were capable of protecting against an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Interestingly, the efficient enrichment of hESCs into MSCs through inhibition of SMAD-2/3 signaling was not reproducible with distinct induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the differentiation of hESCs into immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory multipotent MSCs with potential future clinical applications.
The effect of nano‐ZnO on corona aging and photo aging in low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Chen Shaoqing , Peng Zongren , Wang Xia , Cheng Xia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, space charge distributions as well as dielectric properties, such as volume resistivity and AC breakdown strength, were studied in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and its composite obtained by adding nano‐ZnO nanofiller, before and after photo‐oxidation or corona aging for several days. It was found that a small amount of ZnO nanoparticles could effectively improve both the photostabilization and corona stabilization of the LDPE matrix. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the specimens were investigated to reveal the change of the microstructures. The results showed that a weaker carbonyl absorption peak appeared in LDPE/ZnO nanocomposite than in LDPE. A proper explanation is given according to the photodegradation and corona degradation theory of polyethylene. The results also showed that there was a certain similarity between photo aging and corona aging. IEEJ Trans 2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20600
Analysis of the peculiarity of the japanese software development style in offshore software development
Authors: Yoshii Asa , Higa Kunihiko 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOffshore software development (OSD) is now becoming a global trend. While western companies are using OSD effectively, Japanese companies have not yet used it effectively. Several studies have concluded that this is due to the peculiarity of the Japanese software development style in OSD and have pointed out the problems of Japanese OSD. However, the peculiarity of the Japanese software development style has not been identified yet. Therefore, this paper attempts to identify it. Most previous studies have described the problems of Japanese OSD without considering the software development method. We have focused on agile methods and attempted to analyze the problems pointed out previous studies in accordance with the features of agile methods. It was found that the Japanese software development style is agile‐like. In addition, a survey was conducted to find out what kind of software development method is being used in Japanese OSD projects. It was found that the waterfall method is mainly used. It is concluded that the peculiarity of the Japanese software development style and problems come from the conflict between the software development methods used and their actual implementations. IEEJ Trans 2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20605
Prenatal diagnosis and evaluation of defect length in esophageal atresia using direct and indirect (tracheal print) signs
Authors: Quarello E. , Saada J. , Desbriere R. , Rousseau V. , Lagausie P. De , Benachi A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia is challenging. The length of the defect of the esophageal atretic portion is one of the parameters affecting outcome and prenatal evaluation of this length has not, to our knowledge, been described previously. We report on seven fetuses assessed prospectively which were suspected to have esophageal atresia. Targeted ultrasound examination of both fetal cervical and thoracic structures was performed in each case in order to assess prenatally the atretic portion. The length of the defect was assessed both directly, by visualizing the interruption of the hyperechoic lines representing the walls of the esophagus in a mid‐sagittal view (n = 4), and indirectly, by means of the ‘tracheal print’ (n = 5). Both methods were used in three cases. Prenatal results were compared with postnatal or postmortem findings. The prenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia was made correctly in six of the seven cases and in all of these there was concordance between prenatal and postnatal estimates of the esophageal defect lengths. Direct or indirect sonographic assessment of the esophagus in cases of suspected prenatal esophageal atresia improves the specificity of its diagnosis and aids prenatal evaluation. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.