bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐concept in early stage dementia: profile, course, correlates, predictors and implications for quality of life
Authors: Clare Linda , Whitaker Christopher J. , Nelis Sharon M. , Martyr Anthony , Markova Ivana S. , Roth Ilona , Woods Robert T. , Morris Robin G. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveAlthough it is increasingly accepted that people with dementia retain a sense of self, there is a need for empirical evidence regarding the nature of the self‐concept in early stage dementia, how this changes over time and how it relates to quality of life.MethodsSelf‐concept was assessed using the short form of the Tennessee Self‐concept Scale in 95 individuals with early stage dementia; 63 were reassessed after 12 months, and 45 were seen again at 20 months. Participants also completed measures of mood, cognitive functioning and quality of life. Caregivers provided proxy ratings of self‐concept, completed measures of symptoms and distress at symptoms and rated their own levels of stress and well‐being.ResultsSelf‐ratings of self‐concept were close to the average range for the standardization sample, and the distribution did not differ significantly from expected values. Although caregiver ratings were slightly lower, discrepancies were small. There were no significant changes over time in self‐ratings or informant ratings or discrepancies. At Time 1, self‐ratings were predicted by anxiety, depression and memory, caregiver ratings were predicted by caregiver distress and by depression in the person with dementia and discrepancies were predicted by caregiver distress. These models remained predictive at later time points. Self‐rated self‐concept predicted quality of life, with the relationship only partially mediated by depression and anxiety.ConclusionsSelf‐concept appears largely intact in early stage dementia, but in view of the association between self‐concept and quality of life, a preventive approach focused on supporting self‐concept may offer benefits as dementia progresses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BEWARE OF BEING UNAWARE: RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN CHRONIC ILLNESS IN THE USA
Authors: Chatterji Pinka , Joo Heesoo , Lahiri Kajal 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYWe study racial/ethnic disparities in awareness of chronic diseases using biomarker data from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study. We explore two alternative definitions of awareness and estimate a trivariate probit model with selection, which accounts for common, unmeasured factors underlying the following: (1) self‐reporting chronic disease; (2) participating in biomarker collection; and (3) having disease, conditional on participating in biomarker collection. Our findings suggest that current estimates of racial/ethnic disparities in chronic disease are sensitive to selection, and also to the definition of disease awareness used. We find that African‐Americans are less likely to be unaware of having hypertension than non‐Latino whites, but the magnitude of this effect falls appreciably after we account for selection. Accounting for selection, we find that African‐Americans and Latinos are more likely to be unaware of having diabetes compared to non‐Latino whites. These findings are based on a widely used definition of awareness – the likelihood of self‐reporting disease among those who have disease. When we use an alternative definition of awareness, which considers an individual to be unaware if he or she actually has the disease conditional on self‐reporting not having it, we find higher levels of unawareness among racial/ethnic minorities versus non‐Latino whites for both hypertension and diabetes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring and modeling dissolved oxygen dynamics through continuous longitudinal sampling: a case study in Wen‐Rui Tang River, Wenzhou, China
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Huixia , Li Yancheng , Mei Kun , Dahlgren Randy , Zhang Minghua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSynoptic water sampling at a fixed site monitoring station provides only limited ‘snap‐shots’ of the complex water quality dynamics within a surface water system. However, water quality often changes rapidly in both spatial and temporal dimensions, especially in highly polluted urban rivers. In this study, we designed and applied a continuous longitudinal sampling technique to monitor the fine‐scale spatial changes of water quality conditions, assess water pollutant sources, and determine the assimilative capacity for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in an urban segment of the hypoxic Wen‐Rui Tang River in eastern China. The continuous longitudinal sampling was capable of collecting dissolved oxygen (DO) data every 5 s yielding a ~11 m sampling interval with a precision of ±0.1 mg L−1. The Streeter and Phelps BOD‐DO model was used to calculate: (1) the oxygen consumption coefficient (K1) required for calibration of water quality models, (2) BOD assimilative capacity, and (3) BOD source and load identification. In the 2014 m river segment sampled, the oxygen consumption coefficient (K1) was 0.428 d−1 (20°C), the total BOD discharge was 916 kg d−1, and the BOD assimilative capacity was 382 kg d−1 when the minimum DO level was set to 2 mg L−1. In addition, the longitudinal analysis identified eight major drainage outlets (BOD point sources), which were verified by field observations. This new approach provides a simple, cost‐effective method of evaluating BOD‐DO dynamics over large spatial areas with rapidly changing water quality conditions, such as urban environments. It represents a major breakthrough in the development and application of water quality sampling techniques to obtain spatially distributed DO and BOD in real time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intracellular signaling controls endothelial cell prostacyclin secretion and regulation of blood clotting time
Authors: Shankarraman Venkat , Davis‐Gorman Grace , McDonagh Paul F. , Caplan Michael R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBlood is constantly in contact with a biological material, the blood vessel wall, without the need for anticoagulants to prevent clot formation on the vessel wall; however, man‐made biomaterials require anticoagulants to prevent clot formation on the biomaterial. This study seeks to understand how some biomaterials elicit anticoagulant responses from endothelial cells (ECs), whereas others do not. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to correlate the activity of four relevant signaling molecules [extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and IκB kinase (IKK)] with human umbilical vein EC secretion of prostacyclin and clotting time of whole blood in contact with these cells. Prostacyclin secretion was increased when JNK activity (mean of all time‐points) was elevated and IKK activity at 30 min was reduced. In addition, the clotting time, R‐time measured by thromboelastography, was increased (reduced coagulability) when activity of both ERK and JNK (mean of all time‐points) were increased and when Akt activity was increased at longer contact times (24–72 h after cell contact with material). Inhibition of each signaling molecule with subsequent testing for prostacyclin secretion and R‐time confirmed the interrelationship between EC intracellular signaling and prostacyclin secretion. Generally, JNK inhibition decreased and IKK inhibition increased prostacyclin secretion. Inhibition of ERK or JNK generally increased coagulability, and Akt inhibition decreased the R‐time of samples normally eliciting reduced coagulability. These findings increase our understanding of the signaling pathways involved in endothelial prostacyclin release and suggest targets for developing EC‐seeded biomaterial surfaces that can minimize coagulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3374–3383, 2012.
Enhanced bone tissue formation by alginate gel‐assisted cell seeding in porous ceramic scaffolds and sustained release of growth factor
Authors: Florczyk Stephen J. , Leung Matthew , Jana Soumen , Li Zhensheng , Bhattarai Narayan , Huang Jerry I. , Hopper Richard A. , Zhang Miqin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIncreasing cell seeding efficiency in a tissue engineering construct can enhance cellular activity and tissue formation in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the use of alginate gel as a secondary phase material in 3D porous β‐tricalcium phosphate scaffolds to improve cell seeding and provide controlled release of growth factors for bone tissue engineering. Cells were seeded in scaffolds in three ways: conventional seeding (CS), alginate gel‐assisted seeding (GS), and alginate GS with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2, GSB). In vitro study with MG‐63 cells showed that cell seeding efficiency and cell population 1 week after seeding were significantly elevated in GS and GSB samples compared to CS samples. The GSB system demonstrated a sustained, steady release of BMP‐2 over 2 weeks. In vivo, scaffolds seeded with rat mesenchymal stem cells were implanted ectopically into Sprague‐Dawley rats for 8 weeks. GS and GSB samples exhibited improved osteogenic activity, with the GSB samples inducing the greatest osteocalcin and osteoid deposition. This study suggests that the alginate gel‐assisted cell seeding increases seeding efficiency and allows for sustained release of growth factors. The use of the secondary phase polymer bolsters bone formation in vivo and has the potential for improving outcome in other tissue engineering applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3408–3415, 2012.
Albumin‐coated monodisperse magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres with immobilized antibodies: Application to the capture of epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Horák Daniel , Svobodová Zuzana , Autebert Julien , Coudert Benoit , Plichta Zdeněk , Královec Karel , Bílková Zuzana , Viovy Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMonodisperse (4 μm) macroporous crosslinked poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres for use in microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting, with a specific application to the capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), were prepared by multistep swelling polymerization in the presence of cyclohexyl acetate porogen and hydrolyzed and ammonolyzed. Iron oxide was then precipitated in the microspheres to render them magnetic. Repeated precipitation made possible to raise the iron oxide content to more than 30 wt %. To minimize nonspecific adsorption of the microspheres in a microchannel and of cells on the microspheres, they were coated with albumin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Antibodies of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti‐EpCAM) were then immobilized on the albumin‐coated magnetic microspheres using the carbodiimide method. Capture of breast cancer MCF7 cells as a model of CTCs by the microspheres with immobilized anti‐EpCAM IgG was performed in a batch experiment. Finally, MCF7 cells were captured by the anti‐EpCAM‐immobilized albumin‐coated magnetic microspheres in an Ephesia chip. A very good rejection of lymphocytes was achieved. Thus, albumin‐coated monodisperse magnetic PGMA microspheres with immobilized anti‐EpCAM seem to be promising for capture of CTCs in a microfluidic device. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:23–32, 2013.
The association of concurrent vitamin D and sex hormone deficiency with bone loss and fracture risk in older men: The osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study
Authors: Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Laughlin Gail A , Li Hong , Nielson Carrie M , Wang P Ying , Dam Tien T , Cauley Jane A , Ensrud Kristine E , Stefanick Marcia L , Lau Edith , Hoffman Andrew R , Orwoll Eric S ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (VitD), low sex hormones (SH), and high sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are common in older men. We tested the hypothesis that combinations of low VitD, low SH, and high SHBG would have a synergistic effect on bone mineral density (BMD), bone loss, and fracture risk in older men. Participants were a random subsample of 1468 men (mean age 74 years) from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) plus 278 MrOS men with incident nonspine fractures studied in a case-cohort design. “Abnormal” was defined as lowest quartile for VitD (&lt;20 ng/mL), bioavailable testosterone (BioT, &lt;163 ng/dL), and bioavailable estradiol (BioE, &lt;11 pg/mL); and highest quartile for SHBG (&gt;59 nM). Overall, 10% had isolated VitD deficiency; 40% had only low SH or high SHBG; 15% had both SH/SHBG and VitD abnormality; and 35% had no abnormality. Compared to men with all normal levels, those with both SH/SHBG and VitD abnormality tended to be older, more obese, and to report less physical activity. Isolated VitD deficiency, and low BioT with or without low VitD, was not significantly related to skeletal measures. The combination of VitD deficiency with low BioE and/or high SHBG was associated with significantly lower baseline BMD and higher annualized rates of hip bone loss than SH abnormalities alone or no abnormality. Compared to men with all normal levels, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for incident nonspine fracture during 4.6-year median follow-up was 1.2 (0.8–1.8) for low VitD alone; 1.3 (0.9–1.9) for low BioE and/or high SHBG alone; and 1.6 (1.1–2.5) for low BioE/high SHBG plus low VitD. In summary, adverse skeletal effects of low sex steroid levels were more pronounced in older men with low VitD levels. The presence of low VitD in the presence of low BioE/high SHBG may contribute substantially to poor skeletal health. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The optimization of aqueous two‐phase extraction of lysozyme from crude hen egg white using response surface methodology
Authors: Lu Yanmin , Lu Wenjuan , Wang Wei , Guo Qingwei , Yang Yanzhao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aqueous two‐phase extraction is a versatile method for separating biological particles and macromolecules. In the present wok, the feasibility of using PEG 4000/potassium citrate aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) for recovering and purifying lysozyme was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to determine an optimized ATPS for purification of lysozyme from crude hen egg white.RESULTS: Mathematical models concerning the purification of lysozyme from chicken egg white in polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000)/potassium citrate ATPS are established using response surface methodology. Screening experiments using fractional factorial designs show that the pH of the system significantly affects the recovery and purification of lysozyme. An optimized ATPS was proved to be at pH 5.5 and 30 °C and contained 18% (w/w) PEG, 16% (w/w) potassium citrate, 3.75% (w/w) potassium chloride (KCl). Under those conditions, the specific activity, purification factor and activity yield for lysozyme were 31100 U mg−1, 21.11 and 103%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The PEG 4000/potassium citrate ATPS has the potential to be applied to establish bioprocesses for the primary recovery and partial purification of lysozyme. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A hybrid finite‐element/finite‐difference method with an implicit–explicit time‐stepping scheme for Maxwell's equations
Authors: Zhu B. , Chen J. , Zhong W. , Liu Q. H. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper describes a hybrid technique in time domain that combines the explicit finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method and the implicit finite‐element time‐domain (FETD) method based on the discontinuous Galerkin method to analyze transient electromagnetic problems. In the hybrid method, the FETD part uses the unconditionally stable Crank–Nicholson method with a triangular mesh, whereas the standard FDTD part employs a staggered Cartesian grid for spatial discretization and the leap‐frog scheme for time stepping. Nonconforming meshes are allowed between the structured FDTD grid and unstructured FETD meshes. The hybrid method takes advantages of the modeling flexibility of the FETD method for complex structures and the efficiency of the FDTD method for simple structures. The hybrid implicit–explicit time‐stepping scheme allows a time‐step increment as large as the stability limit for the FDTD method, which can be much larger than the stability criterion of the explicit FETD scheme with small elements. The hybrid scheme has second‐order accuracy. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assist devices: Machine preservation of extended criteria donors
Authors: Guarrera James V. 
Published: July 2012

Key Points
1. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is in its infancy in clinical liver transplantation. Potential benefits include diminished preservation injury (PI) and improved graft function.
2. We have employed HMP in 21 extended criteria donor (ECD livers) at our center with excellent clinical outcomes.
3. Our experience with liver HMP is the only reported clinical experience worldwide representing a total of 41 successful liver transplant cases showing improved outcomes and diminished markers of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
4. Further multicenter and large scale trials are now warranted to further explore the benefits and applicability of liver HMP into the clinical mainstream. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Protein Conformational Studies for Macromolecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Kryscio David R. , Fleming Michael Q. , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCD is used to clearly show the negative impact of common ligands on the overall conformation of BSA, a typical protein template in macromolecularly imprinted polymers. This change occurs at concentrations far lower than those generally used in the literature. These findings are important as they offer insight into a potential fundamental reason for the lack of success in protein imprinting to date despite significant interest from the scientific community.magnified image
Partial Hydrolysis of Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and Potential Implications for Biomedical Applications?
Authors: Van Kuringen Huub P. C. , Lenoir Joke , Adriaens Els , Bender Johan , De Geest Bruno G. , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe hydrolysis of PEtOx is studied to evaluate the potential toxicity of partially hydrolyzed polymers that might interfere with its increasing popularity for biomedical applications. The hydrolysis of PEtOx is studied in the presence of digestive enzymes (gastric and intestinal) and at 5.8 M hydrochloric acid as a function of temperature (57, 73, 90, and 100 °C). It is found that PEtOx undergoes negligible hydrolysis at 37 °C and that thermal and solution properties are not altered when up to 10% of the polymer backbone is hydrolyzed. Mucosal irritation and cytotoxicity is also absent up to 10% hydrolysis levels. In conclusion, PEtOx will not decompose at physiological conditions, and partial hydrolysis will not limit its biomedical applications. magnified image
Enhanced Preparation of Alkoxyamine‐Functionalized Poly(p‐phenylene)s and Their Use as Macroinitiators for the Synthesis of Stimuli‐Responsive Coil‐Rod‐Coil Block Copolymers
Authors: Schmücker Simon , Kuckling Dirk 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHerein, the enhanced preparation of alkoxyamine‐functionalized poly(p–phenylene)s (PPP) via Suzuki polycondensation (SPC) using microwave irradiation is described. Microwave heating effects a drastic decrease of reaction times compared to conventional heating. By varying the diboronic acid esters within the polymerization process different chain lengths of PPPs ($ \overline{M}_{\rm n}$ = 1900−3600 g mol−1) could be prepared. In addition, by exchange of the catalyst and base either preferably mono‐ or bis‐alkoxyamine‐terminated PPPs could be obtained. These macroinitiators are then applied for the nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of N–isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) to form PNIPAAm‐b‐PPP‐b‐PNIPAAm block copolymers ($ \overline{M}_{\rm n}$ = 24 900–38 400 g mol−1, $ \overline{M}_{\rm w}$/$ \overline{M}_{\rm n}$ = 1.54–1.67).
Does One Bad Apple(Juice) Spoil the Bunch? Implicit Attitudes Toward One Product Transfer to Other Products by the Same Brand
Authors: Ratliff Kate A. , Swinkels Bregje A. P. , Klerx Kimberly , Nosek Brian A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIf people like a product, they will automatically like another product from the same brand even if they do not know anything about it (demonstrated in Study 1). In one sense, this may be a reasonable inference—brands that have one good product may be likely to have other good products. But what if people learn that the second product is actually not good? Explicitly, people act as expected—the second product is disliked based on its negative features. Implicitly, however, people's positive attitude toward the first product still influences their liking of the second (Study 2). This attitude transfer effect (Ranganath & Nosek, 2008) shows that people are able to avoid using the qualities of one product to judge another explicitly. But, implicitly, once an attitude is formed toward a brand's product, other products by that brand will inherit some of the original evaluation regardless of their unique qualities.
Do Consumption Goals Matter? The Effects of Online Loyalty Programs in the Satisfaction‐Loyalty Relation
Authors: Suh Jung‐Chae , Yi Youjae 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of online loyalty programs in the customer satisfaction‐loyalty relationship. It is proposed that loyalty programs may induce loyalty toward programs (program loyalty), which may then influence loyalty toward stores (store loyalty). According to the results of a two‐wave survey, consumption goals matter in the effects of program loyalty on online store loyalty. For consumers with hedonic goals, hedonic program loyalty (e.g., free gifts) has a significant effect on online loyalty. For consumers with utilitarian goals, however, utilitarian program loyalty (e.g., coupons) has a significant influence on online loyalty. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.
Product Design: Preference for Rounded versus Angular Design Elements
Authors: Westerman Steve J. , Gardner Peter H. , Sutherland Ed J. , White Tom , Jordan Katie , Watts David , Wells Sophie 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTTwo experiments tested whether a general relative preference for objects with rounded rather than angular form (Bar & Neta, 2006, 2007) can be applied in the context of the design of consumer products. Images of product packaging—a chocolate product (Experiment 1) and water and bleach bottles (Experiment 2)—were manipulated with regard to the shape of both contour and graphics. There was a preference for rounded designs that extended to self‐report purchase likelihood—with additive effects of contour and graphics shape that could not be accounted for by design typicality or perceived ease of use.
Novel Conjugated Polymers Based on Dithieno[3,2‐b:6,7‐b]carbazole for Solution Processed Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Yagang , Liu Chengfang , Tian Hongkun , Bao Cheng , Zhang Xiaojie , Yan Donghang , Geng Yanhou , Wang Fosong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTwo conjugated polymers (CPs) P‐tCzC12 and P‐tCzC16 comprising alternating dithieno[3,2‐b:6,7‐b]carbazole and 4,4′‐dihexadecyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene units have been designed and synthesized. Upon thermal annealing, they can form ordered thin films in which the polymer backbones dominantly adopted an edge‐on orientation respective to the substrate with a lamellar spacing of ≈24 Å and a π‐stacking distance of ≈3.7 Å. Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated by solution casting. A hole mobility of 0.39 cm2 V−1s−1 has been demonstrated with P‐tCzC16. This value is the highest among the CPs containing heteroacenes larger than 4 rings.