bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamique de la population: sécurité sociale, marchés et familles
Authors: Mason Andrew , Lee Ronald , Lee Sang‐Hyop 
Published: November 2010

RésuméDans les pays industrialisés développés, les flux intergénérationnels ascendants — orientés des générations actives vers les générations âgées — connaissent une hausse substantielle et sont beaucoup plus élevés que dans les pays en développement. Le vieillissement démographique constitue le principal moteur de cette évolution, si bien qu'en l'absence d'inversion de la tendance démographique (par exemple de retour à une féconditéélevée) les flux ascendants augmenteront inévitablement. En outre, même si cette inversion se produit, trois autres facteurs importants vont influer sur l'ampleur des flux ascendants. Premièrement, le revenu du travail aux âges avancés varie en raison de différences au niveau de l'âge moyen de la retraite, de la productivité, du chômage et de la durée du travail. Deuxièmement, les profils de consommation selon l'âge au sein de la population âgée diffèrent, en premier lieu à cause de différences au niveau des dépenses de santé. Troisièmement, l'investissement en capital humain (c'est‐à‐dire les dépenses consacrées à l'éducation et à la santé des enfants) varie. Ces investissements sont en concurrence avec les dépenses consacrées aux personnes âgées, mais permettent d'accroître la productivité des prochaines générations de travailleurs et les ressources qui seront disponibles pour financer la consommation des personnes âgées.Toutes les sociétés contemporaines font appel à diverses institutions et divers mécanismes économiques pour transférer les ressources économiques des générations en âge de travailler vers les générations à charge — les jeunes et les personnes âgées. Les transferts entre les générations relèvent essentiellement de trois institutions: l'Etat, qui met en œuvre les régimes de sécurité sociale, les systèmes éducatifs et d'autres dispositifs de transferts publics; les marchés, qui jouent un rôle fondamental dans l'accumulation d'actifs (sous forme de pensions par capitalisation et de logements par exemple); les familles, qui apportent un soutien économique à leurs enfants dans toutes les sociétés et aux personnes âgées dans beaucoup de sociétés. Le présent article vise, en premier lieu, à décrire les effets du vieillissement démographique et d'autres évolutions sur la direction et l'ampleur des flux entre les générations et, en second lieu, à comparer les différentes pratiques institutionnelles existant dans le monde en matière de flux intergénérationnels. Il s'appuie dans une large mesure sur le système des Comptes de transferts nationaux (National Transfer Accounts, NTA), mis au point pour mesurer les flux économiques entre générations d'une façon cohérente avec le Système de comptabilité nationale des Nations Unies. Des équipes de recherche implantées dans 33 pays sur six continents représentant des contextes très divers en termes de niveau de développement, de démographie et de politiques en matière de transferts intergénérationnels travaillent actuellement à la construction de ces comptes.
La capacité des institutions de sécurité sociale et de soins de santéà s'adapter à un monde vieillissant
Authors: Harper Sarah 
Published: November 2010

RésuméLa population vieillit dans beaucoup de pays d'Europe, en Amérique du Nord et ailleurs depuis un certain nombre de décennies. Toutefois, ces derniers temps, le rythme, l'ampleur et la portée mondiale de ce vieillissement commencent àêtre reconnus, et ses conséquences plus larges évaluées. Le vieillissement de la population pose un défi majeur pour les systèmes de sécurité sociale et de soins de santéà travers le monde. Les différents gouvernements aborderont ces problèmes à partir de profils démographiques, de régimes de protection sociale, de structures institutionnelles et de systèmes culturels très divers. La réussite future des sociétés dans leurs efforts pour faire face à cette évolution démographique reposera, dans une large mesure, sur la capacité des institutions de sécurité sociale et de soins de santéà s'adapter à un monde vieillissant.
A neuroendocrinological perspective on human hair follicle pigmentation
Authors: Paus Ralf 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe role of neurohormones and neuropeptides in human hair follicle (HF) pigmentation extends far beyond the control of melanin synthesis by α‐MSH and ACTH and includes melanoblast differentiation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, maintenance of HF immune privilege, and remodeling of the HF pigmentary unit (HFPU). It is now clear that human HFs are not only a target of multiple neuromediators, but also are a major non‐classical production site for neurohormones such as CRH, proopiomelanocortin, ACTH, α‐MSH, ß‐endorphin, TRH, and melatonin. Moreover, human HFs have established a functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. By charting the author’s own meanderings through the jungle of hair pigmentation research, the current perspectives essay utilizes four clinical observations – hair repigmentation, canities, poliosis, and ‘overnight greying’– as points of entry into the enigmas and challenges of .pigmentary HF neuroendocrinology. After synthesizing key principles and defining major open questions in the field, selected research avenues are delineated that appear clinically most promising. In this context, novel neuroendocrinological strategies to retard or reverse greying and to reduce damage to the HFPU are discussed.
Differences in Angiotensin Convertase Enzyme (ACE) Activity and Expression May Contribute to Shorter Event Free Period After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Daragó Andrea , Fagyas Miklós , Siket Ivetta M. , Facskó Andrea , Megyesi Zita , Kalász Judit , Galajda Zoltán , Szerafin Tamás , Hársfalvi Jolán , Édes István , Papp Zoltán , Tóth Attila , Szentmiklósi József 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYAims: The goal of this study was to investigate the importance of the vascular angiotensin convertase enzyme (ACE) in coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) patients. Methods: Vascular tissue (distal saphenous vein [n= 163] and/or radial artery [n= 120] segments) and blood samples were collected from CABG patients (n= 81). We studied (i) the potency of angiotensin I (AngI) and angiotensin II (AngII) to evoke vascular contractions; (ii) vascular and plasma ACE concentrations; and (iii) ACE genotype of the patients enrolled. Results: The ratio of the potencies (EC50) of AngII and AngI was significantly lower in radial artery compared to the saphenous vein (0.17 ± 0.03 nM and 0.51 ± 0.14 nM, respectively, P= 0.003), suggesting a 3‐fold more effective AngI conversion in saphenous vein samples. Angiotensin constrictions were inhibited with telmisartan and captopril in both saphenous veins and radial arteries. Vascular ACE expression was significantly higher in saphenous vein compared to radial artery (9.7 ± 1.0 ng/mg and 5.3 ± 0.7 ng/mg, respectively, P= 0.01). Serum but no tissue ACE concentration was determined by ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism. Accordingly, no relation was found between serum and tissue ACE expression. Conclusion: ACE‐inhibitor therapy targeting tissue located ACE may be beneficial to patients with saphenous vein grafts after CABG surgery.
In Love or In Trouble: Examining Ways Court Professionals Can Better Respond to Victims of Adolescent Partner Violence
Authors: Hyman Judge Eugene M. , Lucibello Wanda , Meyer Emilie 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article explores adolescent partner violence and the responses to it from the legal system. Research suggests that as many as 45% of high school students have experienced some form of adolescent partner violence. Despite these findings, the legal response to domestic violence has focused on assisting adult victims and has often excluded adolescents. This article examines the innovative approaches of two of the country's first adolescent‐oriented domestic violence courts and uses the lessons learned from these courts and the research to suggest a larger role court professionals can play in responding to adolescent partner violence.
Compositional differences in particle‐associated and free‐living microbial assemblages from an extreme deep‐ocean environment
Authors: Eloe Emiley A. , Shulse Christine N. , Fadrosh Douglas W. , Williamson Shannon J. , Allen Eric E. , Bartlett Douglas H. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryRelatively little information is available for the composition of microbial communities present in hadal environments, the deepest marine locations. Here we present a description of the phylogenetic diversity of particle‐associated (> 3 µm) and free‐living (3–0.22 µm) microorganisms present in a pelagic trench environment. Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences were recovered from members of the Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya obtained from a depth of 6000 m in the Puerto Rico Trench (PRT). Species richness estimates for the bacterial particle‐associated fraction were greater compared with the free‐living fraction and demonstrated statistically significant compositional differences, while the archaeal fractions were not found to be significantly different. The particle‐associated fraction contained more Rhodobacterales and unclassified Myxococcales along with Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and chloroplast sequences, whereas the free‐living fraction contained more Caulobacterales, Xanthomonadales and Burkholderiales, along with Marine Group A and Gemmatimonadetes. The Eukarya contained a high abundance of Basidiomycota Fungi 18S rRNA genes, as well as representatives from the super‐groups Rhizaria, Excavata and Chromalveolata. A diverse clade of diplonemid flagellates was also identified from the eukaryotic phylotypes recovered, which was distinct from previously identified deep‐sea pelagic diplonemid groups. The significance of these results to considerations of deep‐sea microbial life and particle colonization is discussed in comparison to the few other deep‐ocean phylogenetic surveys available.
How effective is yoga? A concise overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Ernst Edzard , Lee Myeong Soo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractYoga has become a popular form of CAM and is often advocated for a wide range of conditions. The aim of this overview was to evaluate critically all systematic reviews of yoga for the symptomatic treatment of any condition. Twelve electronic databases were searched and 21 systematic reviews relating to a wide range of conditions were located. Nine systematic reviews arrived at positive conclusions, but many systematic reviews were associated with a high risk of bias. Unanimously positive evidence emerged for depression and cardiovascular risk reduction. Despite an impressive number of systematic reviews, evidence of effectiveness is positive only for two indications.
Why pharmacists should not sell homeopathic products
Authors: Pray W Steven 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHomeopathy has grown to an alarming extent in the USA in recent decades. There are many compelling reasons for pharmacists to refuse to stock and sell these products. For instance, their safety and efficacy is unproven, patients using them may forego legitimate medical therapy, their sales yield a dishonest profit, selling them may expose the seller to legal consequences, they violate the oath of the pharmacist, they foster the encroachment of quackery in medicine, and they appeal to greed and profit motives. Pharmacists should adhere to a high professional standard that demands proven safety and efficacy in the products they sell.
Music therapy dramatically decreases distress for women hospitalised in a high‐risk obstetrics/gynaecology setting
Authors: Wesa K , Cassileth B , Victorson D 
Published: November 2010

Bauer CL, Victorson D, Rosenbloom S, Barocas J, Silver RK. Alleviating distress during antepartum hospitalization: a randomized controlled trial of music and recreation therapy. J Women's Health 2010; 19: 523–31.
Septic Arthritis Caused by Legionella dumoffii in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like Disease
Authors: Flendrie M. , Jeurissen M. , Franssen M. , Kwa D. , Klaassen C. , Vos F. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease on immunosuppressive treatment who developed septic arthritis of the knee involving
Legionella dumoffii
. Cultures initially remained negative. A broad-range 16S PCR using synovial fluid revealed
L. dumoffii
rRNA genes, a finding that was subsequently confirmed by positive
Legionella
culture results.
Evidence of a Recombinant Wild-Type Human Astrovirus Strain from a Kenyan Child with Gastroenteritis
Authors: Wolfaardt Marianne , Kiulia Nicholas M. , Mwenda Jason M. , Taylor Maureen B. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
A human astrovirus (HAstV) strain from Kenya was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. Sequences from open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) clustered with genotype 6/7, those from ORF1b clustered with genotype 3, and those from ORF2 clustered with genotype 2. A recombination point in the ORF1b-ORF2 junction was identified, with a second possible recombination point within the ORF1a region.
PCR Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Avni Tomer , Leibovici Leonard , Paul Mical 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTInvasive candidiasis (IC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis relies on culture-based methods, which lack sensitivity and delay diagnosis. We conducted a systematic review assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-based methods to detectCandidaspp. directly in blood samples. We searched electronic databases for prospective or retrospective cohort and case-control studies. Two reviewers abstracted data independently. Meta-analysis was performed using a hierarchical logistic regression model. Random-effects metaregression was performed to assess the effects of study methods and infection characteristics on sensitivity or specificity values. We included 54 studies with 4,694 patients, 963 of whom had proven/probable or possible IC. Perfect (100%) sensitivity and specificity for PCR in whole-blood samples was observed when patients with cases had candidemia and controls were healthy people. When PCR was performed to evaluate patients with suspected invasive candidiasis, the pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of candidemia was 0.95 (confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.98) and the pooled specificity was 0.92 (0.88 to 0.95). A specificity of >90% was maintained in several analyses considering different control groups. The use of whole-blood samples, rRNA, or P450 gene targets and a PCR detection limit of ≤10 CFU/ml were associated with improved test performance. PCR positivity rates among patients with proven or probable IC were 85% (78 to 91%), while blood cultures were positive for 38% (29 to 46%). We conclude that direct PCR using blood samples had good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of IC and offers an attractive method for early diagnosis of specificCandidaspp. Its effects on clinical outcomes should be investigated.
Association of Three Bacterial Species and Periodontal Status in Chinese Adults: an Epidemiological Approach
Authors: Deng Tianzheng , Wang Lin , Lv Jing , Pang Jianliang , Liu Bing , Du Yan , Ke Jie 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
,
Porphyromonas gingivalis
, and
Tannerella forsythia
are oral pathogens associated with periodontitis. The association between these three bacteria and periodontal disease has been reported in populations of many countries. However, corresponding data in Chinese populations are still lacking. The aim of this study was to detect these pathogens in subgingival plaque collected from 468 subjects with chronic periodontitis in a group of Chinese adults by using a PCR method and to determine the degree of association between the target bacteria and periodontal status based on logistic regression analysis.
A. actinomycetemcomitans
,
P. gingivalis
, and
T. forsythia
were found in 20.5%, 70.7%, and 77.1% of the subjects, respectively. About one-third (36.1%) of subjects had chronic periodontitis. Upon univariate analysis, age, male gender, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
or
P. gingivalis
were positively associated with chronic periodontitis, whereas education and income exhibited inverse associations with chronic periodontitis. Upon multivariate analysis, education, current smoking status, diabetes, and the presence of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
and
P. gingivalis
remained significant. The adjusted odds ratios for having chronic periodontitis were 2.5 and 3.4 in subjects positive for
A. actinomycetemcomitans
and
P. gingivalis
, respectively. However, no significant association was observed between the presence of
T. forsythia
and periodontal status. This study assesses the prevalence of periodontal pathogens and chronic periodontitis and the associations with sociodemographic characteristics among this group of Chinese adults. These findings also suggest that PCR should be considered for field oral epidemiologic studies and may be necessary in investigations presenting major logistic challenges.
Novel Functions of Prototype Foamy Virus Gag Glycine- Arginine-Rich Boxes in Reverse Transcription and Particle Morphogenesis
Authors: Müllers Erik , Uhlig Tobias , Stirnnagel Kristin , Fiebig Uwe , Zentgraf Hanswalter , Lindemann Dirk 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Prototype foamy virus (PFV) Gag lacks the characteristic orthoretroviral Cys-His motifs that are essential for various steps of the orthoretroviral replication cycle, such as RNA packaging, reverse transcription, infectivity, integration, and viral assembly. Instead, it contains three glycine-arginine-rich boxes (GR boxes) in its C terminus that putatively represent a functional equivalent. We used a four-plasmid replication-deficient PFV vector system, with uncoupled RNA genome packaging and structural protein translation, to analyze the effects of deletion and various substitution mutations within each GR box on particle release, particle-associated protein composition, RNA packaging, DNA content, infectivity, particle morphology, and intracellular localization. The degree of viral particle release by all mutants was similar to that of the wild type. Only minimal effects on Pol encapsidation, exogenous reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, and genomic viral RNA packaging were observed. In contrast, particle-associated DNA content and infectivity were drastically reduced for all deletion mutants and were undetectable for all alanine substitution mutants. Furthermore, GR box I mutants had significant changes in particle morphology, and GR box II mutants lacked the typical nuclear localization pattern of PFV Gag. Finally, it could be shown that GR boxes I and III, but not GR box II, can functionally complement each other. It therefore appears that, similar to the orthoretroviral Cys-His motifs, the PFV Gag GR boxes are important for RNA encapsidation, genome reverse transcription, and virion infectivity as well as for particle morphogenesis.
Gaining Replicability in a Nonhost Compromises the Silencing Suppression Activity of
Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus
in a Host
Authors: Ishibashi Kazuhiro , Meshi Tetsuo , Ishikawa Masayuki 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Natural isolates of
Tobacco mild green mosaic virus
(TMGMV) fail to infect tomato because the tomato tm-1 protein binds to the replication proteins of TMGMV and prevents RNA replication. Previously, we isolated a TMGMV mutant that overcomes tm-1-mediated resistance and multiplies in tomato plants. Here, we show that the causal mutations in the replication protein gene that abolish the interaction with tm-1 reduce its ability to suppress RNA silencing in host plant
Nicotiana benthamiana
. The results suggest that the multifunctionality of the replication proteins is an evolutionary constraint of tobamoviruses that restricts their host ranges.
Role of the Host Cell's Unfolded Protein Response in Arenavirus Infection
Authors: Pasqual Giulia , Burri Dominique J. , Pasquato Antonella , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Kunz Stefan 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Arenaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses with a nonlytic life cycle that cause acute and persistent infections. Here, we investigated the role of the host cell's unfolded protein response (UPR) in infection of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). In mammalian cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein GRP78/BiP functions as the principal sensor for the induction of the UPR and interacts with three mediators: kinase/endonuclease inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Acute infection with LCMV resulted in a selective induction of the ATF6-regulated branch of the UPR, whereas pathways controlled by PERK and IRE1 were neither activated nor blocked. Expression of individual LCMV proteins revealed that the viral glycoprotein precursor (GPC), but not that of other viral proteins, was responsible for the induction of ATF6. Rapid downregulation of the viral GPC during transition from acute to persistent LCMV infection restored basal levels of UPR signaling. To address a possible role of ATF6 signaling in LCMV infection, we used cells deficient in site 2 protease (S2P), a metalloprotease required for the activation of ATF6. Cells deficient in S2P showed significantly lower levels of production of infectious virus during acute but not persistent infection, indicating a requirement for ATF6-mediated signaling for optimal virus multiplication. In summary, acute LCMV infection seems to selectively induce the ATF6-regulated branch of the UPR that is likely beneficial for virus replication and cell viability, but it avoids induction of PERK and IRE1, whose activation may be detrimental for virus and the host cell.
Receptor Binding Profiles of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Subtypes on Human Cells as a Predictor of Pandemic Potential
Authors: Shelton Holly , Ayora-Talavera Guadalupe , Ren Junyuan , Loureiro Silvia , Pickles Raymond J. , Barclay Wendy S. , Jones Ian M. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

The host adaptation of influenza virus is partly dependent on the sialic acid (SA) isoform bound by the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Avian influenza viruses preferentially bind the α-2,3 SA and human influenza viruses the α-2,6 isoform. Each isoform is predominantly associated with different surface epithelial cell types of the human upper airway. Using recombinant HAs and human tracheal airway epithelial cells
in vitro
and
ex vivo
, we show that many avian HA subtypes do not adhere to this canonical view of SA specificity. The propensity of avian viruses to adapt to human receptors may thus be more widespread than previously supposed.