bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution SNP based microarray mapping of mosaic supernumerary marker chromosomes 13 and 17: Delineating novel loci for apraxia
Authors: Kogan Jillene M. , Miller Erin , Ware Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHigh resolution comparative genomic hybridization is emerging as a powerful tool for delineating chromosomal rearrangements such as duplications, deletions, and unbalanced translocations, but it has not yet been broadly applied for structural aberrations such as supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs). In this report, we present the clinical and molecular analysis of a patient with de novo mosaic SMC (17) and SMC (13). High resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based microarray mapping successfully identified the parent of origin for the SMCs and allowed delineation of the breakpoints which include a 5.1 Mb duplication from 17p11.2 to 17q11.2 as well as duplication of chromosome 13 that includes 2.2 Mb from 13q11 to 13q12.11. Interestingly, the patient has markedly severe oral and verbal apraxia, a characteristic feature of patients with 17p11.2 duplication syndrome (Potocki–Lupski syndrome, PTLS). Fine mapping indicates that the patient's duplication overlaps with a subset of PTLS patients, but not with PTLS patients harboring the common microduplication. FISH analysis confirms that the patient lacks duplication of RAI1, a dosage sensitive gene within the common microduplication interval. Taken together, these results demonstrate the utility of SNP microarray based methodology for mapping disease‐causing genes, including those within SMCs, and provide the opportunity to identify novel candidate genes for verbal apraxia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
aCGH detects partial tetrasomy of 12p in blood from Pallister–Killian syndrome cases without invasive skin biopsy
Authors: Theisen Aaron , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Farrell Sandra A. , Harris Catharine J. , Wetzel Heather H. , Torchia Beth A. , Bejjani Bassem A. , Ballif Blake C. , Shaffer Lisa G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) is a genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, streaks of hypo‐ or hyperpigmentation and dysmorphic features. PKS is associated with tissue‐limited mosaic partial tetrasomy of 12p, usually caused by an isochromosome 12p. The mosaicism is usually detected in cultured skin fibroblasts or amniotic cells and rarely in phytohemagluttinin‐stimulated lymphocytes, which suggests stimulation of T‐lymphocytes may distort the percentage of abnormal cells. We recently reported on the identification by microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) of a previously unsuspected case of partial tetrasomy of 12p caused by an isochromosome 12p. Here we report on seven additional individuals with partial tetrasomy of 12p characterized by our laboratory. All individuals were referred for mental retardation/developmental delay and/or dysmorphic features. In each case, aCGH using genomic DNA extracted from whole peripheral blood detected copy‐number gain for all clones for the short arm of chromosome 12. In all but one case, FISH on metaphases from cultured lymphocytes did not detect the copy‐number gain; in the remaining case, metaphase FISH on cultured lymphocytes showed an isochromosome in 10% of cells. However, interphase FISH using probes to 12p on peripheral blood smears showed additional hybridization signals in 18–70% of cells. Microarray and FISH analysis on cultured skin biopsies from four individuals confirmed the presence of an isochromosome 12p. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of aCGH with genomic DNA from whole peripheral blood to detect chromosome abnormalities that are not present in stimulated blood cultures and would otherwise require invasive skin biopsies for identification. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual Interlocking and Interpenetration Lead to Highly Porous and Robust Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ma Liqing , Lin Wenbin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSchluss mit Atmen: MOFs mit komplexen und großen organischen Brückenliganden neigen beim Entfernen des Lösungsmittels zu Gerüstverzerrungen („Atmen“). Ein Versteifen von MOFs mit langen Tetracarboxylat‐Brückenliganden durch ein ungewöhnliches Verzahnen und Durchdringen liefert hoch poröse und robuste Hybridmaterialien.magnified image
Chiral Recognition of Hybrid Metal Oxide by Peptides
Authors: Micoine Kévin , Hasenknopf Bernold , Thorimbert Serge , Lacôte Emmanuel , Malacria Max 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Grammmengen gelingt die Enantiomerentrennung eines geringfügig – durch ein Fremdatom im Nanogerüst – chiralen Polyoxometallats (POM) durch Umsetzung mit kleinen Peptiden. Das funktionalisierbare Acylpolyoxowolframat (TBA)6[α1‐P2W17O61{SnCH2CH2C(O)}] (siehe Bild) lässt sich durch kinetische Racematspaltung trennen. Dieser Ansatz ebnet den Weg für die Anwendung chiraler POMs in der asymmetrischen Katalyse oder als bioaktive Substanzen.magnified image
Mechanisms of ultrasound foam interactions
Authors: Winterburn J. B. , Martin P. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn experimental investigation into the effects of two frequencies of low‐power ultrasound on detergent (Teepol) stabilised air‐water foams is presented. Foam was subjected to ultrasound at 28 and 40 kHz with a power‐to‐foam volume ratio of approximately 3 W l−1 with particular consideration being given to the acoustic impedance discontinuity between air and water. The foam height, liquid drainage and collapse behaviour were compared to experiments conducted without ultrasound. In the case of 40 kHz ultrasound, an increased liquid drainage rate was observed and a pronounced increase and subsequent peak in mean liquid hold‐up, which occurred at 4 min, was observed. These results appear to be independent of the initial liquid hold‐up of the foam. Liquid drainage and mean liquid hold‐up results were related to foam collapse mechanisms of homogeneous rupture (HR) and rupture front breakage (FR), concluding that rupture front breakage dominates the collapse of foam under the influence of 40 kHz ultrasound. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromuscular incapacitation results from stimulation of spinal reflexes
Authors: Despa Florin , Basati Suki , Zhang Zhen‐Du , D'Andrea John , Reilly J Patrick , Bodnar Elena N. , Lee Raphael C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractElectronic stun devices (ESD) often used in law enforcement, military action or self defense can induce total body uncoordinated muscular activity, also known as electromuscular incapacitation (EMI). During EMI the subject is unable to perform purposeful or coordinated movements. The mechanism of EMI induction has not been reported, but has been generally thought to be direct muscle and nerve excitation from the fields generated by ESDs. To determine the neuromuscular mechanisms linking ESD to induction of EMI, we investigated EMI responses using an anesthetized pig model. We found that EMI responses to ESD application can best be simulated by simultaneous stimulation of motor and sensory peripheral nerves. We also found that application of local anesthetics limited the response of ESD to local muscle stimulation and abolished the total body EMI response. Stimulation of the pure sensory peripheral nerves or nerves that are primarily motor nerves induced muscle responses that are consistent with well defined spinal reflexes. These findings suggest that the mechanism of ESD‐induced EMI is mediated by excitation of multiple simultaneous spinal reflexes. Although direct motor‐neuron stimulation in the region of ESD contact may significantly add to motor reactions from ESD stimulation, multiple spinal reflexes appear to be a major, and probably the dominant mechanism in observed motor response. Bioelectromagnetics 30:411–421, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective diffusivities and mass fluxes in fungal biopellets
Authors: Hille A. , Neu T.R. , Hempel D.C. , Horn H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMass transport within biological aggregates is a key process that can determine overall turnover rates in submerged cultivations. A parameter commonly used for its description is the effective diffusion coefficient D eff, which is highly dependent on biomass density and structure. Different approaches have been used to estimate or measure D eff, yet the data still shows broad scattering. This study provides experimental data on effective diffusivities of oxygen within fungal pellets. A correlation is found with the hyphal gradient (dh/dr), which is a morphological parameter describing the structure of the pellet periphery. Furthermore, the dependency of D eff on fluid dynamic conditions at the pellet is investigated. The comparison of the results with data from literature clearly demonstrates the influence of the experimental methodology applied for determination of D eff. Moreover, it is shown that while diffusion limitation of whole pellets is mainly a function of size, the influence of advection in the outer zone of pellets that is supplied with oxygen is actually rather high. Thus, it is concluded that the effective diffusion coefficient might not be sufficient for the description of mass transport within the pellet periphery for a broad range of realistic fluid dynamic conditions during cultivation. Nevertheless, although actual mass transport rates inside pellets are unknown, mass fluxes can be calculated on the basis of spatially resolved data of oxygen and biomass distribution within the pellet. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1202–1213. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of lactic acid on cell proliferation and free radical‐induced cell death in monolayer cultures of neural precursor cells
Authors: Lampe Kyle J. , Namba Rachael M. , Silverman Tyler R. , Bjugstad Kimberly B. , Mahoney Melissa J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBiomaterials prepared from polyesters of lactic acid and glycolic acid, or a mixture of the two, degrade in the presence of water into the naturally occurring metabolites, lactic acid and glycolic acid. While the lactic acid degradation product that is released from biomaterials is well tolerated by the body, lactic acid can influence the metabolic function of cells; it can serve as an energy substrate for cells, and has been shown to have antioxidant properties. Neural precursor cells, a cell population of considerable interest as a source of cells for neural tissue regeneration strategies, generate a high amount of reactive oxygen species, and when associated with a degradable biomaterial, may be impacted by released lactic acid. In this work, the effect of lactic acid on a neural cell population containing proliferative neural precursor cells was examined in monolayer culture. Lactic acid was found to scavenge exogenously added free radicals produced in the presence of either hydrogen peroxide or a photoinitiator (I2959) commonly utilized in the preparation of photopolymerizable biomaterials. In addition to its effect on exogenously added free radicals, lactic acid reduced intracellular redox state, increased the proliferation of the cell population, and modified the cell composition. The findings of this study provide insight into the role that lactic acid plays naturally on developing neural cells and are also of interest to biomaterials scientists that are focused on the development of degradable lactic‐acid‐based polymers for cell culture devices. The effect of lactic acid on other cell populations may differ and should be characterized to best understand how cells function in degradable cell culture devices. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1214–1223. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regenerative medicine bioprocessing: Concentration and behavior of adherent cell suspensions and pastes
Authors: Zoro B.J.H. , Owen S. , Drake R.A.L. , Mason C. , Hoare M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRegenerative medicines based on human cells demand their harvesting, culture, and processing. Manufacturing processes are likely to include cell concentration and subsequent controlled dosing of concentrates, for example, to the patient or tissue construct. The integrity and functionality of the cells must be maintained during these processing stages. In this study the performance of two different cell concentration protocols (involving centrifugation and resuspension) are compared and consideration given to possible causes of cell loss. Further studies examine cell size and rheological behavior of anchorage‐dependent mammalian cell suspensions, and the effect of capillary flow stress (0.5–15 Pa, laminar flow regime) on cell number and membrane integrity as quantified by flow cytometry. The cell concentration protocols achieved maximum cell volume fraction of around 0.3 and the improved protocol exhibited intact cell yield of 80 ± 13%, demonstrating proof‐of principle for achieving tissue‐like cell concentrations by a process of centrifugation and orbital shaking. Volume mean cell diameter (cell diameter at the mean cell volume) for the rat aortic smooth muscle cells (CRL‐1444) used in this study was 22.4 µm. Concentrated cell suspension rheology approximated to power law behavior and exhibited similar trends to reports for plant and yeast cells. Capillary transfer at 2–15 Pa (wall shear stress) did not significantly affect cell number or membrane integrity while losses observed at low shear (0.5, 1.0 Pa) were probably due to surface attachment of cells in the apparatus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1236–1247. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hans Hass – ein Leben für die Unterwasserwelt
Authors: Scholz Joachim , Wöss Emmy 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIm Jahre 2009 feiern wir in den Lebenswissenschaften neben dem Darwin‐Jahr auch weitere Jubiläen. Der 90. Geburtstag von Professor Hans Hass (*1919) ist Anlass dieses Artikels. Hans Hass wird oft als “Tauchpionier” bezeichnet, eine dem Jubilar nicht vollständig gerecht werdende Bezeichnung. Sein Lebenswerk umfasst mehr als 100 Filme und 30 Bücher.
Sichtbarmachung von Nukleinsäurefragmenten durch Agarosegelelektrophorese
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMit Hilfe eines aus roten Meeresalgen gewonnenen Polysaccharids (Agarose) mit stark gelierenden Eigenschaften werden in der Wissenschaft Gele hergestellt, mit deren Hilfe man Nukleinsäurefragmente (DNA und RNA) unterschiedlicher Größe auftrennen kann, nachdem sie beispielsweise per PCR amplifiziert wurden. Man spricht von der Methode der Agarosegelelektrophorese.
Krankheiten erben und erwerben
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie Entschlüsselung des menschlichen Genoms weckte große Hoffnungen, nun auch die genetischen Anteile von Krankheiten wie Diabetes, Autismus, Schizophrenie oder Fettleibigkeit herauszufinden. Genomanalysen könnten dann Erkrankungsrisiken abschätzen und langfristig ließen sich personalisierte Behandlungsmethoden entwickeln. Bisher haben vergleichende Genomstudien allerdings viele neue Fragen zum Verständnis der Erblichkeit aufgeworfen.
Die Struktur der DNA – Modell‐Projekt II
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger H.‐J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWie die DNA in etwa aussieht, kennt praktisch jeder von Abbildungen. Allerdings zeigen erst dreidimensionale Modelle die eindrucksvolle Schönheit und Vollkommenheit des Moleküls. Leider sind solche Modelle teuer. In zwei Artikeln (Biol. unserer Zeit, 2008, 38, 150 sowie Chem. unserer Zeit 2008, 42, 293) wurde ein Modell vorgeschlagen, das sich sehr kostengünstig herstellen lässt. Nun wächst die Modell‐Familie: Für Unterrichtszwecke lassen sich nach neuem Konzept auch deutlich größere, ebenfalls kostengünstige Modelle bauen.
Retention data from reverse‐phase high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography in characterization of some bis‐salicylic acid derivatives
Authors: Djaković‐Sekulić Tatjana , Perišić‐Janjić Nada , Djurendi Evgenija 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe chromatographic behaviour of salicylic acid derivatives was investigated using reversed‐phase high performance thin‐layer chromatography (RP HPTLC) with methanol–water and dioxane–water binary mixtures as mobile phase in order to establish relationships between chromatographic data and selected physico‐chemical parameters that are related to ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination). Some of the investigated compounds were screened for antioxidant activity. Examination of chromatographic behaviour revealed a linear correlation between RM values and the volume fraction of mobile phase modifier. Obtained RM0 values were correlated with lipophilicity, solubility, human intestinal absorption, plasma‐protein binding, and blood–brain barrier data. The comparison among chromatographic data obtained by two mobile phase was performed with a statistical technique, principle component analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilization of a thermostable α‐amylase by covalent binding to an alginate matrix increases high temperature usability
Authors: Tee Boon L. , Kaletunç Gönül 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThermostable α‐amylase was covalently bound to calcium alginate matrix to be used for starch hydrolysis at liquefaction temperature of 95°C. 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylamino‐propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) was used as crosslinker. EDAC reacts with the carboxylate groups on the calcium alginate matrix and the amine groups of the enzyme. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment was applied to increase the number of available carboxylate groups on the calcium alginate matrix for EDAC binding. After the immobilization was completed, the beads were treated with 0.1 M calcium chloride solution to reinstate the bead mechanical strength. Enzyme loading efficiency, activity, and reusability of the immobilized α‐amylase were investigated. Covalently bound thermostable α‐amylase to calcium alginate produced a total of 53 g of starch degradation/mg of bound protein after seven consecutive starch hydrolysis cycles of 10 min each at 95°C in a stirred batch reactor. The free and covalently bound α‐amylase had maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 6.0, respectively. The Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) of the immobilized enzyme (0.98 mg/mL) was 2.5 times greater than that of the free enzyme (0.40 mg/mL). The maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of immobilized and free enzyme were determined to be 10.4‐mg starch degraded/mL min mg bound protein and 25.7‐mg starch degraded/mL min mg protein, respectively. The high cumulative activity and seven successive reuses obtained at liquefaction temperature make the covalently bound thermostable α‐amylase to calcium alginate matrix, a promising candidate for use in industrial starch hydrolysis process. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nitric Oxide‐Donating Thalidomide Analogues as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Yi‐Hua , Kong Xiang‐Wen , Lai Yi‐Sheng , Ji Hui , Chen Yan‐Ping , Peng Si‐Xun 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageIn search of more potent anticancer agents, 15 nitric oxide (NO)‐donating thalidomide analogues, 6a, 6b, 8a–8e, and 13a–13h, were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated in vitro against three human tumor cell lines (HepG2, A549, and PC‐3). The results indicated that 13a–13d exhibited notable anticancer activities comparable to or stronger than that of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). Structure–activity relationships were also discussed, based on the experimental data obtained. Generally, the cytotoxic activity of target compounds is closely related to the type of NO donors, and the length of the spacers connecting to NO donors also appears important for the bioactivities.
Molluscicidal Sesquiterpene Lactones from Species of the Tribe Vernonieae (Compositae)
Authors: Borkosky Susana , de León Susana Ponce , Juárez Gabriela , Sierra Manuel González , Bardón Alicia 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageSchistosomiasis is caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, and some snails, particularly of the genus Biomphalaria (Planorbidae), are directly implicated in the transmission of the disease. Continuing with our investigations of bioactive plant constituents, we evaluated and report in the present article, the molluscicidal effects of 16 sesquiterpene lactones, as well as the commercial reagents tetrahydrofuran, furfural, and furfuryl alcohol, on an adult population of B. peregrina. The natural sesquiterpene lactones tested are characteristic constituents of species of the tribe Vernonieae, family Asteraceae. Compounds 1–3 and 7 came from a Bolivian collection of Vernonanthura pinguis, compounds 4 and 5 from an Argentine collection of Cyrtocymura cincta var. cincta, 6 was obtained from a Bolivian collection of Eirmocephala megaphylla, 8–14 from an Argentine collection of Centratherum punctatum ssp. punctatum, and compounds 15 and 16 were obtained by chemical derivatization from 5 and 14, respectively. Ten of the sesquiterpene lactones displayed moderate molluscicidal activity (LD50<100 μg/ml). Commercial reagents were inactive.
Non‐Nucleoside HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Part 13
Authors: Xiong Yuan‐Zhen , Chen Fen‐Er , Balzarini Jan , De Clercq Erik , Pannecouque Christophe 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of diaryltriazine derivatives modified at C(2) of the triazine ring with a fluorinated phenyl group has been synthesized and tested for the ability to inhibit HIV‐1 replication. Most of these F‐containing compounds showed low‐to‐moderate anti‐HIV activity in MT‐4 cells.
Phytotoxic Aromatic Constituents of Oxalis pes‐caprae
Authors: DellaGreca Marina , Previtera Lucio , Purcaro Raffaella , Zarrelli Armando 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA cinnamic acid ester, two dihydrocinnamic acid esters, a noroxyneolignan, a dibenzyl ether derivative, along with common aromatic compounds and flavonoids were isolated from the extracts of fresh leaves and twigs of Oxalis pes‐caprae. The structures of these aromatic compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D‐NMR techniques. Their effects on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. as standard target species have been studied at concentrations ranging from 10−4 to 10−7 M. The activities of some compounds were higher than that of pendimethalin, a commercial pre‐emergence herbicide.
Nonenzymatic, Self‐Elimination Degradation Mechanism of Glutathione
Authors: Deshmukh Manjeet , Kutscher Hilliard , Stein Stanley , Sinko Patrick 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageIn the present in vitro studies, evidence is provided showing that glutathione (GSH) can undergo spontaneous, nonenzymatic auto‐degradation. The initial cleavage of the Glu‐Cys bond involves nucleophilic attack of the N‐terminal amino group of GSH at the γ‐carbonyl side chain, followed by an unusual cleavage of the Cys‐Gly amide bond that is complete within 3–5 weeks in the physiological pH range. These observations may be useful for the development of novel biodegradable polymers and releasable prodrugs for sustained and targeted drug delivery applications.