bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Breast Milk Exosomal miRNAs are Influenced by Premature Delivery and Affect Neurodevelopment
Authors: Ma Ling , Huo Yanyan , Tang Qingyuan , Wang Xiulian , Wang Weiqin , Wu Dan , Li Yicheng , Chen Lingyan , Wang Shasha , Zhu Yiwen , Wang Wenli , Liu Yuan , Xu Nanjie , Chen Li , Yu Guangjun , Chen Jinjin 
Published: April 2024

ScopeThis study investigates the exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles of term and preterm breast milk, including the most abundant and differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and their impact on neurodevelopment in infants.Methods and ResultsMature milk is collected from the mothers of term and preterm infants. Using high‐throughput sequencing and subsequent data analysis, exosomal miRNA profiles of term and preterm human breast milk (HBM) are acquired and it is found that the let‐7 and miR‐148 families are the most abundant miRNAs. Additionally, 23 upregulated and 15 downregulated miRNAs are identified. MiR‐3168 is the most upregulated miRNA in preterm HBM exosome, exhibiting targeting activity toward multiple genes involved in the SMAD and MAPK signaling pathways and playing a crucial role in early neurodevelopment. Additionally, the effects of miR‐3168 on neurodevelopment is confirmed and it is determined that it is an essential factor in the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that miRNA expression in breast milk exosomes can be influenced by preterm delivery, thereby potentially impacting neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
Phenylbutyric acid inhibits hypoxia‐induced trophoblast apoptosis and autophagy in preeclampsia via the PERK/ATF‐4/CHOP pathway
Authors: Li Yinfeng , Guo Yongjie , Wu Dan , Ai Ling , Wu Rongrong , Ping Zepeng , Zhu Kangyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy complication with a high mortality rate. Abnormally activated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is believed to be responsible for the destruction of key placental cells‐trophoblasts. Phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA), an ERS inhibitor, is involved in regulating the development of ERS‐related diseases. At present, how 4‐PBA affects trophoblasts and its mechanisms is still unclear. In this study, PE cell models were established by stimulating HTR‐8/SVneo cells with hypoxia. To verify the underlying mechanisms of 4‐PBA on PE, CCT020312, an activator of PERK, was also used. The results showed that 4‐PBA restored hypoxia‐induced trophoblast viability, inhibited HIF‐1α protein expression, inflammation, and PERK/ATF‐4/CHOP pathway. Hoechst 33342 staining and flow cytometry results confirmed that 4‐PBA decreased hypoxia‐induced apoptosis in trophoblasts. The results of the JC‐1 analysis and apoptosis initiation enzyme activity assay also demonstrated that 4‐PBA inhibited apoptosis related to the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, by detecting autophagy in trophoblasts, an increased number of autophagic vesicles, damaged mitochondria, enhanced dansylcadaverine fluorescence, enhanced levels of autophagy proteins Beclin‐1, LC3II, and decreased p62 were seen in hypoxia‐stimulated cells. These changes were reversed by 4‐PBA. Furthermore, it was observed that CCT020312 reversed the effects of 4‐PBA on the viability, apoptosis, and autophagosome number of hypoxia‐induced trophoblasts. In summary, 4‐PBA reduces autophagy and apoptosis via the PERK/ATF‐4/CHOP pathway and mitochondrial pathway, thereby restoring the viability of hypoxic trophoblasts. These findings provide a solid evidence base for the use of 4‐PBA in PE treatment and guide a new direction for improving the outcomes of patients with PE.
Nanocarrier‐embedded gels: Precision drug delivery via liposomal and niosomal platforms
Authors: Trucillo Paolo , Nebbioso Viviana , Brancaccio Raffaele , Gigante Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent research in drug delivery has significantly advanced our knowledge of liposome and niosome‐based gels, contributing to the dynamic landscape of pharmaceutical advancements. The incorporation of these vesicular carriers into gel formulations enhanced stability, while prolonging shelf‐life and improving the bioavailability of encapsulated molecules. The synergy between liposomes/niosomes and gel matrices, facilitated by a robust gel structure, provided a protective environment, ensuring sustained drug release and prolonged stability. Liposome‐based gels proved to be versatile carriers for various therapeutic applications, demonstrating efficiency in solubilizing poorly soluble drugs and acting as potent penetration enhancers for optimal skin delivery. Today, the incorporation of liposomes in gels serves as local depots, thus being a fundamental condition for sustained and controlled drug release to optimize patient's outcomes. Insights into niosome‐based gels reveal their potential in overcoming conventional drug delivery challenges, positioning them as promising platforms for controlled and targeted drug release due to enhanced stability. Recent investigations highlight the adaptability of niosomal gels in encapsulating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, ensuring superior stability and sustained release. The tunable properties of niosomal gels also contributed to optimize bioadhesion and permeation across biological membranes. The primary objective of this work is to present the cutting‐edge findings in liposome and niosome‐based gel research, highlighting their path in modern drug delivery. These innovative solutions offer more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions, addressing the ever‐evolving landscape of medicine.
Dragline silk fibers from golden orb‐web spider Trichonephila clavata ensure structural and mechanical robustness against ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Ueda Yuushiro , Yazawa Kenjiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA diurnal spider, Trichonephila clavata (T. clavata), is often called a golden orb‐weaver because its dragline or lifeline silk fibers exhibit a golden color. However, little is known about the biological roles of the golden pigment. Meanwhile, Araneus ventricosus, which is a nocturnal spider, spins colorless silk fibers. Here, we investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on physical properties of silk fibers obtained from these diurnal and nocturnal spiders. After UV exposure, the dragline silk of the nocturnal spiders appeared abraded and became insoluble due to gelation, whereas the diurnal spider silk remained intact. A dynamic mechanical thermal analysis under different humidity conditions revealed that the storage modulus of the silk from the nocturnal spider dropped markedly at low humidity levels after UV irradiation. This indicated that the molecular weight of this silk degraded under UV exposure and that the number of terminal amino and carboxyl groups increased due to the breakage of the main protein chains. In contrast, the structural and mechanical properties of the diurnal spider silk were maintained regardless of the UV irradiation. Therefore, the golden pigments in the dragline silk of T. clavata most likely played a role in protecting the silk from UV damage.
Association of elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity with cerebrovascular and kidney disease in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ilonze Chibuzo , Rai Parul , Galadanci Najibah , Zahr Rima , Okhomina Victoria I. , Kang Guolian , Padmanabhan Dakshin , Lebensburger Jeffrey , Alishlash Ammar Saadoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV), measured by echocardiography, is a surrogate marker for pulmonary hypertension. Limited pediatric studies have considered the association between TRV and surrogate markers of end‐organ disease.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study that evaluated the prevalence of elevated TRV ≥2.5 m/s and its associations with renal and cerebrovascular outcomes in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) 1–21 years of age in two large sickle cell cohorts, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) sickle cell cohort, and the Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program (SCCRIP) cohort at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. We hypothesized that patients with SCD and elevated TRV would have higher odds of having either persistent albuminuria or cerebrovascular disease.ResultsWe identified 166 children from the UAB cohort (mean age: 13.49 ± 4.47 years) and 325 children from the SCCRIP cohort (mean age: 13.41 ± 3.99 years) with echocardiograms. The prevalence of an elevated TRV was 21% in both UAB and SCCRIP cohorts. Elevated TRV was significantly associated with cerebrovascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–3.15; p = .017) and persistent albuminuria (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.07–3.06; p = .028) after adjusting for age, sex, treatment, and site.ConclusionThis cross‐sectional, multicenter study identifies associations between surrogate markers of pulmonary hypertension with kidney disease and cerebrovascular disease. A prospective study should be performed to evaluate the longitudinal outcomes for patients with multiple surrogate markers of end‐organ disease.
A novel strategical approach to mitigate low velocity impact damage in composite laminates
Authors: Amorim L. , Santos A. , Nunes J. P. , Dias G. , Viana J. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a new interleaving methodology to improve composite laminates' low velocity impact (LVI) damage resistance. The approach relies on analyzing interlaminar stress in a conventional aircraft laminate to determine the appropriate interleaving strategy. A model was built to identify the larges interlaminar stress, and two interleaving strategies were defined, normal and shear stress. Four thin interleaving veils were used to validate strategies. Non‐ and interleaved laminates were submitted to LVI tests at 13.5, 25 and 40 (J) of energy. Despite interleaved laminates revealed an increase in thickness and resin volume fraction compared to the reference, they were limited to 10% and 7.6% on shear stress interleaved layups. Interleaved laminates also demonstrated an improved external and internal LVI damage resistance, especially when shear stress interleaving strategy was adopted, preventing external damage and mitigating internal damage up to 59%. No correlation between the veil's type and impact damage demonstrates the importance of interleaving strategies over the veil's characteristics.Highlights
Simplified quasi‐static elastic Abaqus model identified the largest in‐plane normal (axial and transversal) and shear interlaminar stresses;
Four thin veils were used to validate interleaving strategies adopted;
All laminates were produced using the same conditions to minimize process influence on experimental tests;
Under low velocity impact (LVI) tests, interleaving laminates in the largest shear stress interlaminar can prevent external damage and mitigate internal damage up to 59%, comparing to the reference;
No correlation between the veils and damage demonstrates the relevance of the interleaving strategy over the veil type.
Registration of ‘S16‐16814R’: A glyphosate‐tolerant, high‐oleic soybean cultivar
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Shannon Grover , Vieira Caio Canella , Lee Dongho , do Nascimento Emanuel Ferrari , Hunt Destiny , Lee Yi‐Chen , Ali Md Liakat , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Mitchum Melissa Goellner , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Usovsky Mariola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is a demand for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with more functional soybean oil for food and industrial applications. Soybean breeding programs have devoted more efforts to developing high‐yielding soybean cultivars with elevated oil content and improved fatty acid profiles. The University of Missouri – Fisher Delta Research, Extension, and Education Center soybean breeding program has developed and released the high‐oleic soybean cultivar ‘S16‐16814R’ (Reg. no. CV‐561, PI 704911). It is a maturity group 4‐late (relative maturity 4.9), glyphosate‐tolerant (Roundup Ready 1) soybean cultivar with high oleic (84.0%) acid content and a reduced linolenic (3.5%) acid content. S16‐16814R is resistant to multiple nematode species, including soybean cyst nematode races 2 (HG Type 1.2.5.7), 3 (HG Type 5.7), and 5 (HG Type 2.5.7); southern root‐knot nematode; and reniform nematode. S16‐16814R was evaluated from 2017 to 2020 in 61 environments across eight southern US states. It averaged 92% of the check mean for yield, indicating competitive yield performance across multiple environments.
Structure optimization of linear shaped charge based on different explosives
Authors: Mao Xin , Ma Tianbao , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the damage ability of traditional shaped charge, a special linear shaped charge is designed. The driving characteristics of B explosive, HMX based explosive (JO‐8) and CL‐20 based explosive on linear explosively formed projectile (LEFP) are compared. The forming effect of LEFP is analyzed, the structural parameters of LEFP are designed, and the structure of shaped charge is optimized by combining genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) and sequence quadratic programming (NLPQL). The Pulsed X‐ray experiment of scale LEFP is carried out. The results show that: (1) under the same structure, the LEFP formed by the shaped charge using CL‐20 explosive has better performance; (2) the LEFP formed by optimized B explosive is superior to that formed by unoptimized JO‐8 explosive, while LEFP formed by optimized JO‐8 explosive is superior to that formed by CL‐20 explosive, which indicates that explosives with lower energy density can also produce better LEFP after optimization; (3) The experimental results are consistent with the numerical results, which verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation and the effectiveness of the optimization method.
The Phenix‐AlphaFold webservice: Enabling AlphaFold predictions for use in Phenix
Authors: Poon Billy K. , Terwilliger Thomas C. , Adams Paul D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdvances in machine learning have enabled sufficiently accurate predictions of protein structure to be used in macromolecular structure determination with crystallography and cryo‐electron microscopy data. The Phenix software suite has AlphaFold predictions integrated into an automated pipeline that can start with an amino acid sequence and data, and automatically perform model‐building and refinement to return a protein model fitted into the data. Due to the steep technical requirements of running AlphaFold efficiently, we have implemented a Phenix‐AlphaFold webservice that enables all Phenix users to run AlphaFold predictions remotely from the Phenix GUI starting with the official 1.21 release. This webservice will be improved based on how it is used by the research community and the future research directions for Phenix.
iLight2: A near‐infrared optogenetic tool for gene transcription with low background activation
Authors: Baloban Mikhail , Kasatkina Ludmila A. , Verkhusha Vladislav V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptogenetic tools (OTs) operating in the far‐red and near‐infrared (NIR) region offer advantages for light‐controlling biological processes in deep tissues and spectral multiplexing with fluorescent probes and OTs acting in the visible range. However, many NIR OTs suffer from background activation in darkness. Through shortening linkers, we engineered a novel NIR OT, iLight2, which exhibits a significantly reduced background activity in darkness, thereby increasing the light‐to‐dark activation contrast. The resultant optimal configuration of iLight2 components suggests a molecular mechanism of iLight2 action. Using a biliverdin reductase knock‐out mouse model, we show that iLight2 exhibits advanced performance in mouse primary cells and deep tissues in vivo. Efficient light‐controlled cell migration in wound healing cellular model demonstrates the possibility of using iLight2 in therapy and, overall, positions it as a valuable addition to the NIR OT toolkit for gene transcription applications.
Biophysical insights into the dimer formation of human Sirtuin 2
Authors: Suzuki Noa , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Ikegami Takahisa , Akashi Satoko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a class III histone deacetylase that is highly conserved from bacteria to mammals. We prepared and characterized the wild‐type (WT) and mutant forms of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) domain of human SIRT2 (hSIRT2) using various biophysical methods and evaluated their deacetylation activity. We found that WT hSIRT2 HDAC (residues 52–357) forms a homodimer in a concentration‐dependent manner with a dimer–monomer dissociation constant of 8.3 ± 0.5 μM, which was determined by mass spectrometry. The dimer was disrupted into two monomers by binding to the HDAC inhibitors SirReal1 and SirReal2. We also confirmed dimer formation of hSIRT2 HDAC in living cells using a NanoLuc complementation reporter system. Examination of the relationship between dimer formation and deacetylation activity using several mutants of hSIRT2 HDAC revealed that some non‐dimerizing mutants exhibited deacetylation activity for the N‐terminal peptide of histone H3, similar to the wild type. The hSIRT2 HDAC mutant Δ292–306, which lacks a SIRT2‐specific disordered loop region, was identified to exist as a monomer with slightly reduced deacetylation activity; the X‐ray structure of the mutant Δ292–306 was almost identical to that of the WT hSIRT2 HDAC bound to an inhibitor. These results indicate that hSIRT2 HDAC forms a dimer, but this is independent of deacetylation activity. Herein, we discuss insights into the dimer formation of hSIRT2 based on our biophysical experimental results.
Impact of pharmaceutical care for asthma patients on health‐related outcomes: An umbrella review
Authors: Montero Pérez Olalla , Salazar González Fernando , Sánchez Gómez Ernesto , Pérez Guerrero Concepción 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent systematic reviews suggest that pharmacists' interventions in asthma patients have a positive impact on health‐related outcomes. Nevertheless, the association is not well established, and the role of clinical pharmacists is poorly represented. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews is to identify published systematic reviews assessing the impact of pharmacists' interventions on health‐related outcomes measured in asthma patients. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2022. Systematic reviews of all study designs and settings were included. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Two investigators performed study selection, quality assessment and data collection independently. Nine systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was rated as high in one, low in two, and critically low in six. Reviews included 51 primary studies reporting mainly quality of life, asthma control, lung capacity, and therapeutic adherence. Only four studies were carried out in a hospital setting and only two reviews stated the inclusion of severe asthma patients. The quality of the systematic reviews was generally low, and this was the major limitation of this overview of systematic reviews. However, solid evidence supports that pharmaceutical care improves health‐related outcomes in asthma patients.
Procedure excellence: Changing paradigms to enable human reliability
Authors: Wolf‐Stokes Elliot , Fisher Rob 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA multi‐year review of process safety event learning data revealed that procedure usability and human factors were leading the trends of performance deviations by front‐line personnel. These insights prompted an enterprise‐wide Agile project to build capability focused on effective written guidance using science‐based tools and advanced error reduction techniques. Application of the Agile methodology was critical to gaining stakeholder commitment and establishing a comprehensive procedure integrity lifecycle to drive continuous improvement. Chemours partnered with an external consultant to create a holistic framework applicable to vital process safety roles with an orientation toward operational excellence. We share preliminary learnings and best practices leveraged from the nuclear industry, including systemic drivers to procedural deviations, the “top five error drivers” in written guidance, human performance modes (mental models), and key principles to enable human reliability.
Plant‐derived artificial miRNA effectively reduced the proliferation of aphid (Aphidoidea) through spray‐induced gene silencing
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Xuanlin , Zhu Chenghong , Yi Shijie , Zhang Yan , Hong Zhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are notorious sap‐sucking insects that rampantly threaten agricultural production worldwide. Current management against aphids in the field heavily relies on chemical pesticides, which makes economical and eco‐friendly methods urgently needed. Spray‐induced gene silencing (SIGS) offers a powerful and precise approach to pest management. However, the high costs and instability of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) regulators applied for downstream RNA interference (RNAi) still limit this strategy. It remains uncertain if RNAi regulators applied in SIGS could extend to small RNA (sRNA), especially miRNA.RESULTSWe chose two sRNA sequences, miR‐9b and miR‐VgR, whose corresponding targets ABCG4 and VgR are both essential for aphid growth and development. The efficacy of these sequences was initially verified by chemically synthetic single‐stranded RNA (syn‐ssRNA). Through spray treatment, we observed a significantly decreased survival number and increased abnormality rate of green peach aphids fed on the host under laboratory conditions. Based on our previous study, we generated transgenic plants expressing artificial miR‐9b (amiR‐9b) and miR‐VgR (amiR‐VgR). Remarkably, plant‐derived amiRNA exerted potent and long‐lasting inhibitory efficacy with merely one percent concentration of chemical synthetics. Notably, the simultaneous application of amiR‐9b and amiR‐VgR exhibited superior inhibitory efficacy.CONCLUSIONWe explored the potential use of sRNA‐based biopesticide through SIGS while investigating the dosage requirements. To optimize this strategy, the utilization of plant‐derived amiRNA was proposed. The results suggested that attributed to stability and durability, deploying amiRNA in pest management is a potential and promising solution for the field application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Qubit Efficient Quantum Algorithms for the Vehicle Routing Problem on Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum Processors
Authors: Leonidas Ioannis D. , Dukakis Alexander , Tan Benjamin , Angelakis Dimitris G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) is a common optimization problem faced within the logistics industry. In this work, the use of a previously‐introduced qubit encoding scheme is explored to reduce the number of qubits, to evaluate the effectiveness of Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices when applied to industry relevant optimization problems. A quantum variational approach is applied to a testbed of multiple VRPTW instances ranging from 11 to 3964 routes. These intances are formulated as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems based on realistic shipping scenarios. The results are compared with standard binary‐to‐qubit mappings after executing on simulators as well as various quantum hardware platforms, including IBMQ, AWS (Rigetti), and IonQ. These results are benchmarked against the classical solver, Gurobi. The approach can find approximate solutions to the VRPTW comparable to those obtained from quantum algorithms using the full encoding, despite the reduction in qubits required. These results suggest that using the encoding scheme to fit larger problem sizes into fewer qubits is a promising step in using NISQ devices to find approximate solutions for industry‐based optimization problems, although additional resources are still required to eke out the performance from larger problem sizes.