bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes of children with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure: a matched cohort study
Authors: Cheifetz Ira M. , Dawkins-Henry Onella S. , Kong Michele , Asaro Lisa A. , Napolitano Natalie , Perry-Eaddy Mallory A. , Luckett Peter M. , Kneyber Martin C. J. , Wypij David , Curley Martha A. Q. ,   for the PROSpect COVID-19 Investigative Team, Mallory Palen , Yehya Nadir , Kreml Erin , Schwartz Adam , Wellnitz Kari , Clement Katherine , Cornell Timothy , Henry Emilie , Lee Laurie , Mahapatra Sidharth , Porter Melissa B. , Rowan Courtney , Thomas Neal J. , Ward Shan , Aneja Himanshu , Asencio Jessica , Dowell Jasmine , McMahon Kim , Petrescu Matei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
There are limited data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children requiring mechanical ventilation for SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory failure.

Methods
We performed a multicentre prospective matched cohort study of mechanically ventilated paediatric patients aged 2 weeks to 18 years with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory failure, excluding Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome. Cases were matched at 1:4 ratio to a pre COVID-19 pandemic paediatric cohort. Age, paediatric acute respiratory distress (PARDS) category, and organ dysfunction on days 0–1 of mechanical ventilation were used to match patients.

Results
Of 53 COVID-19 subjects, 60% were male, median age was 11.1 years (interquartile range 1.6–15.7), and 89% had moderate to severe PARDS on days 0–1. Compared to 195 matched controls, more children with COVID-19 were obese, cognitively or functionally impaired at baseline, Hispanic/Latino, and had pre-existing respiratory and neurologic conditions. Observed 28-day mortality was not different, but the COVID-19 cohort experienced fewer ventilator-free days and, among survivors, longer PICU stays. More COVID-19 patients were transitioned to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Conclusions
Children with COVID-19 related acute respiratory failure suffered disproportionately from chronic conditions and required more critical care support than children with acute respiratory failure without SARS-CoV-2 related infection.
Automated Sentinel-1 sea ice type mapping and in-situ validation during the CIRFA-22 cruise
Authors: Lohse Johannes , Taelman Catherine , Everett Alistair , Hughes Nicholas Edward 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a fully-automated workflow to map sea ice types from Sentinel-1 data and transfer the results in near real-time to the research vessel Kronprins Haakon (KPH) in order to support tactical navigation and decision-making during a research cruise conducted towards Belgica Bank in April and May 2022. We used overlapping SAR and optical imagery to train a pixel-wise classifier for the required season and region, and implemented a processing chain with the Norwegian Ice Service at MET Norway that automatically classifies all Sentinel-1 images covering the area of interest. During the cruise, classification results were available on KPH within hours after image acquisition, which is significantly faster than manually produced ice charts. We evaluate the results both quantitatively, based on manually selected validation regions, and qualitatively in comparison to in-situ observations and photographs. Our findings show that open water, level ice, and deformed ice are classified with high accuracy, while young ice remains challenging due to its variable small-scale surface roughness. This work presents one of the first attempts to transfer automated ice type classification results into the field in near real-time and contributes to bridging the gap between research and operations in automated sea ice mapping.
The relative clause resisting unification
Authors: Wu Tong , Long Haiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCinque (2020) presents a unified theory positing that various types of relative clauses (RCs) originate from a single, double-headed universal structure via raising or matching. The Frame Noun-Modifying Clause (FRC) as described and analyzed by Matsumoto et al. (2017a, 2017b) presents a significant challenge to Cinque's framework, as it does not conform to any of Cinque's identified RC types, which include amount RCs, kind(-defining) RCs, restrictive RCs and non-restrictive RCs. The FRC eludes derivation via the proposed matching or raising mechanisms. Determining the semantic link between the head noun and the FRC, as well as its external merger position, remains elusive. One might suggest that inserting additional material into the FRC, which incorporates a plausible internal head, could clarify their connection. This approach falls short of providing a systematic and coherent syntactic criterion, relying instead on semantic intuition that lacks operational reliability.
A novel model of inter-institutional, peer-led, competency-based, interactive workshops for continuing education and professional development of clinical research professionals
Authors: Roth Mary-Tara , Lee-Chavarria Diana , Kolb H. Robert , Damus Karla , Sikov Jennifer , Paranal Rechelle , Luebbers Kimberly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Clinical research requires a competent workforce of clinical research professionals (CRPs) who are well-trained to perform varied and complex tasks within their roles. The Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency (JTF) framework established essential domains for conducting high-quality clinical research that can guide professional development of CRPs. The Research Professionals Network (RPN) Workshops were established in 2017 to focus on developing ongoing inter-institutional, peer-led, JTF-centric continuing education for CRPs. Four institutions and their affiliates are part of the collaboration.

Methods:
Workshop participant survey data and other metrics were collected over four academic years. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to assess participant experience and identify relevant themes.

Results:
Participants demonstrated overall high satisfaction with the workshops and significantly value the interpersonal, inter-institutional collaboration made possible through the workshops.

Conclusions:
These inter-institutional RPN Workshops have evolved into a Community of Practice, which can be expanded into future opportunities.
Navigating the challenges of initiating pediatric device trials – a case study
Authors: Hunter R. Brandon , Willson Richard C. , Haridas Balakrishna , Luk Christine , Toman Kara , Heffernan Michael J. , Fischer Gwenyth , Wettergreen Matthew , Koh Chester J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Pediatric medical devices lag behind adult devices due to economic barriers, smaller patient populations, changing anatomy and physiology of patients, regulatory hurdles, and especially difficulties in executing clinical trials. We investigated the requirements, challenges, associated timeline, and costs of conducting a multi-site pivotal clinical trial for a Class II pediatric physiologic monitoring device.

Methods:
This case study focused on the negotiation of clinical trial agreements (CTAs), budgets, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) processing times for a pediatric device trial. We identified key factors contributing to delays in clinical trial execution and potential best practices to expedite the process while maintaining safety, ethics, and efficacy.

Results:
The total time from site contact to first patient enrollment averaged 14 months. CTA and budget negotiations were the most time-consuming processes, averaging nearly 10 and 9 months, respectively. Reliance and local IRB processing also contributed significantly to the timeline, overall adding an average of 6.5 months across institutions. Nearly half of all costs were devoted to regulatory oversight. The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant slowdowns and delays at multiple institutions during study enrollment. Despite these pandemic-induced delays, it is important to note that the issues and themes highlighted remain relevant and have post-pandemic applicability.

Conclusions:
Our case study results underscore the importance of establishing efficient and standardized processing of CTAs, budget negotiations, and use of reliance IRBs to expedite clinical trial execution for pediatric devices. The findings also highlight the need for a national clinical trials network to streamline the clinical trial process.
Impact of mandatory indications for outpatient antibiotic orders on accurate tracking of antibiotic indications
Authors: Oertli Charles , Staub Milner , Zhang Minhua , Katz Sophie E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjective:We sought to evaluate whether implementing mandatory indications for outpatient electronic antibiotic orders or using encounter International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD10) codes more accurately reflected clinicians’ charted diagnosis in encounter notes. Secondarily, we examined the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions.Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Mandatory indications were added to all outpatient electronic antibiotic orders on May 18, 2022. A randomly selected convenience sample of 1300 outpatient encounters with antibiotics from walk-in clinics was reviewed. Adjusted logistic regression was used to compare the congruence between encounter ICD10 code and charted diagnosis for encounters from July 15 to September 15, 2021 (pre-implementation period) to the congruence between encounter ICD10 code, charted diagnosis, and mandatory indication for encounters from July 15 to September 15, 2022 (post-implementation period). Antibiotic appropriateness based on charted diagnosis was also evaluated.Results:Among 1300 outpatient encounters, congruence between charted diagnosis and ICD10 code significantly increased in the post-implementation period (87.7% (565/644)) versus pre-implementation (83.3% (540/648), adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.52; 95% CI 1.03–2.25). Congruence between charted diagnosis and mandatory indication during post-implementation was 95.2% (613/644) and >5 times more likely to be congruent than charted diagnosis and ICD10 code during pre-implementation (aOR 5.45; 95% CI 3.26–9.11). Antibiotic prescribing based on charted diagnosis was twice as likely to be appropriate in the post-implementation period (aOR1.99; 95% CI 1.32–2.98).Conclusions:Mandatory indications within antibiotic orders show better congruence with charted diagnosis than ICD10 codes and may increase antibiotic appropriateness and congruence between ICD10 code and charted diagnosis.
Cross-border correlations showing diachronous lithostratigraphic units in the southeastern North Sea Basin during the Early Oligocene (middle-late Rupelian)
Authors: Munsterman Dirk K. , Deckers Jef 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wireline log correlation panels of palynologically analysed boreholes illustrate lateral facies transitions within Rupelian age strata of the Dutch Rupel Formation across the southeastern North Sea Basin. The middle to upper part of the Rupel Formation consists of clays and silts of the Boom Member and the overlying sandier Steensel Member. In the Mill and Goirle boreholes in the Dutch Province of North Brabant, the Boom Member is thickly developed and represents the middle to upper Rupelian (biozones NSO3 to NSO5a), while the Steensel Member is rather thinly developed and only comprises the uppermost Rupelian (biozone NSO5a). Borehole log correlations show that towards the south (or more proximal to the palaeo-continent) the Rupel Formation becomes sandier and the clayey Boom Member thins in favour of the sandy superjacent Steensel Member. Palynological analyses confirm that the Boom Member is restricted to the middle Rupelian (biozone NSO3) age here, and that the superjacent Steensel Member is of middle to upper Rupelian age (biozones NSO3 to NSO5a). Geological models constructed for northern Belgium propose that this facies transition occurs rather sharply, along a WSW-ENE oriented zone parallel to the presumed shoreline at that time. The results of this study support this interpretation and extend the trend towards the Netherlands.
Trace fossils from the Maastrichtian chalk of the Isle of Rügen, north-east Germany
Authors: Knaust Dirk , Schnick Hilmar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The lower Maastrichtian chalk of the Isle of Rügen was deposited in a pelagic setting in the aphotic zone. Its rich fossil content has attracted research attention for centuries, whereas its ichnological characteristics remain poorly understood, even though horizons with intense bioturbation and occurrences of trace fossils in flint are common. The enhanced colour contrast of smooth chalk faces reveals repeated phases of benthic colonisation; larger burrows are commonly subject to silicification, while flint nodules also can preserve burrows in chalk. A total of 37 ichnogenera, including 47 ichnospecies of bioturbation and bioerosion trace fossils have been recognised; these are here briefly described, in addition to indeterminate material. Many ichnotaxa are recorded for the first time from the Rügen chalk. Bioerosion is restricted mainly to local hardgrounds in the form of biogenic components (such as shells and belemnite guards).
Childhood obesity accelerates biological ageing: is oxidative stress a link?
Authors: Subošić Branko , Zdravković Vera , Ješić Maja , Munjas Jelena , Kovačević Smiljka , Guzonjić Azra , Mitrović Jadranka , Saso Luciano , Đuričić Ivana , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObesity is a multifactorial pathophysiological condition with an imbalance in biochemical, immunochemical, redox status and genetic parameters values. We aimed to estimate the connection between relative leucocyte telomere lengths (rLTL) – biomarker of cellular ageing with metabolic and redox status biomarkers values in a group of obese and lean children. The study includes 110 obese and 42 lean children and adolescents, both sexes. The results suggested that rLTL are significantly shorter in obese, compared with lean group (P < 0·01). Negative correlation of rLTL with total oxidant status (TOS) (Spearman’s ρ = –0·365, P < 0·001) as well as with C-reactive protein (Spearman’s ρ = –0·363, P < 0·001) were observed. Principal component analysis (PCA) extracted three distinct factors (i.e. principal components) entitled as: prooxidant factor with 35 % of total variability; antioxidant factor with 30 % of total variability and lipid antioxidant – biological ageing factor with 12 % of the total variability. The most important predictor of BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to logistic regression analysis was PCA-derived antioxidant factor’s score (OR: 1·66, 95th Cl 1·05–2·6, P = 0·029). PCA analysis confirmed that oxidative stress importance in biological ageing is caused by obesity and its multiple consequences related to prooxidants augmentation and antioxidants exhaustion and gave us clear signs of disturbed cellular homoeostasis deepness, even before any overt disease occurrence.
Marx on Leisure: An Aristotelian Interpretation
Authors: Goldstraw Simeon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite his influence on those interested by leisure, Marx's own conception of leisure is rarely discussed. Insofar as it is, he is generally either thought to see leisure as free time or as indistinct from necessary labour in communist society. In this article, I suggest that by reading Capital and the Grundrisse through an Aristotelian lens, we can find a third potential conception of leisure in Marx, which shares three features in common with Aristotle's. Leisure is distinct from free time simpliciter, it is a “state-condition” people are in when they perform ends in themselves, and it is constitutive of the final end. I conclude that adopting a conception of leisure grounded in this Marxian conception could have implications for contemporary debates around free time and the value of leisure goods like arts and culture.
Prohibiting Political Party Membership as a Condition for Receiving Political Service Retirement Benefits under Ethiopian Law: A Comparison with Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Tesfay Leake Mekonen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article questions the justification for restricting political party membership as a condition for receiving political service retirement benefits in Ethiopia (a restriction first imposed through the Administration of the President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation and endorsed in the Rights and Benefits of Outgoing Heads of State and Government, Senior Government Officials, Members of Parliament and Judges Proclamation). After reviewing relevant law, literature and comparative experience from Kenya and Tanzania, the article argues that prohibiting political party membership without a pressing need for non-partisan service is an unjust restriction on the right to freedom of political party membership. Benefits for retiring high-ranking government officials are part of the right to social security and should not be disallowed based on political party membership.
Retroflex and non-retroflex laterals in the Zibo dialect of Chinese
Authors: Dong Bing , Liang Jie , Yao Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on an acoustic study of the retroflex lateral /ɭ/ and non-retroflex lateral /l/, as well as on the schwas following the two laterals in the Zibo dialect. Analyses of formants measured at the temporal midpoint of the lateral and schwa segments show that the retroflex lateral /ɭ/ has a significantly lower F1 as well as a significantly larger C/V duration ratio than the non-retroflex lateral. No significant difference is found in F2 or F3 of the two laterals. Moreover, the schwa following /ɭ/ has a significantly lower F1 than that following /l/, which could play a robust role of cue enhancement in distinguishing the preceding laterals, resulting in an overall enhancement of an otherwise auditorily vulnerable contrast in the laterals. Some inter-speaker variation is observed in the realization of /ɭ/, especially in F3, which may be indicative of a change in progress. These results provide insights into the phonemic status of the retroflex lateral in the Zibo dialect, which are further discussed in light of phonetic and phonological explanations.
‘I am safer in Hong Kong’: Transimperial entanglements in Filipino nationalist explorations
Authors: Chan Catherine S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBetween 1907 and 1914, Filipino lawyer, journalist, and nationalist Vicente Sotto found in Hong Kong a sanctuary from the clutches of the Americans. The city also provided him with a space in which to explore alternative ideas for both his own development and the future of the Philippine Islands beyond the confines of pan-Asianism and anti-imperialism. Using Sotto’s experience in Hong Kong as a point of access, this article demonstrates modern Asia’s anti-imperial era as a product of transimperial ‘connectivities’ and ‘ruptures’ wherein new political affinities were forged between like-minded Asians, while interstitial imperial spaces between colony and metropole carved space for radical, yet nuanced and inconsistent, visions of national independence to materialize—at the expense of abutting empires. It serves to decentralize the role of empire, conflating instead the activities of local, colonial, and imperial actors as a singular experience that shaped modern Asia’s revolutionary decades.
Shared and distinct electroencephalogram microstate abnormalities across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression
Authors: Xue Rui , Li Xiaojing , Deng Wei , Liang Chengqian , Chen Mingxia , Chen Jianning , Liang Sugai , Wei Wei , Zhang Yamin , Yu Hua , Xu Yan , Guo Wanjun , Li Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicrostates of an electroencephalogram (EEG) are canonical voltage topographies that remain quasi-stable for 90 ms, serving as the foundational elements of brain dynamics. Different changes in EEG microstates can be observed in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). However, the similarities and disparatenesses in whole-brain dynamics on a subsecond timescale among individuals diagnosed with SCZ, BD, and MDD are unclear.MethodsThis study included 1112 participants (380 individuals diagnosed with SCZ, 330 with BD, 212 with MDD, and 190 demographically matched healthy controls [HCs]). We assembled resting-state EEG data and completed a microstate analysis of all participants using a cross-sectional design.ResultsOur research indicates that SCZ, BD, and MDD exhibit distinct patterns of transition among the four EEG microstate states (A, B, C, and D). The analysis of transition probabilities showed a higher frequency of switching from microstates A to B and from B to A in each patient group compared to the HC group, and less frequent transitions from microstates A to C and from C to A in the SCZ and MDD groups compared to the HC group. And the probability of the microstate switching from C to D and D to C in the SCZ group significantly increased compared to those in the patient and HC groups.ConclusionsOur findings provide crucial insights into the abnormalities involved in distributing neural assets and enabling proper transitions between different microstates in patients with major psychiatric disorders.
Genies, lawyers, and smart-asses: Extending proxy failures to intentional misunderstandings
Authors: Ullman Tomer D. , Bridgers Sophie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose that the logic of a genie – an agent that exploits an ambiguous request to intentionally misunderstand a stated goal – underlies a common and consequential phenomenon, well within what is currently called proxy failures. We argue that such intentional misunderstandings are not covered by the current proposed framework for proxy failures, and suggest to expand it.
Shared representations in cognate comprehension and production: An online picture naming and lexical decision study with bilingual children
Authors: Koutamanis Elly , Kootstra Gerrit Jan , Dijkstra Ton , Unsworth Sharon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe cognate facilitation effect, a classic example of cross-language interaction in the bilingual lexicon, has mostly been studied in adults. We examined the extent to which such effects occurred in simultaneous bilingual children’s word processing, to what extent these were modulated by language dominance, and to what extent this differed between comprehension and production tasks. Simultaneous bilingual Dutch-Greek children, ranging from Dutch-dominant to Greek-dominant, performed auditory lexical decision and picture-naming tasks in an online experiment. Cognate facilitation effects emerged in both tasks but manifested themselves differently. In lexical decision, there was an interaction effect with language dominance in accuracy, while in picture naming there was a main effect in reaction times. These findings suggest that, similar to what has been found for adults, simultaneous bilingual children have an integrated lexicon, in which both languages are interactively connected. Effects may differ as a combined result of factors such as comprehension versus production and individual differences in language dominance. Importantly, despite such differences, our results show that cognate effects emerge across tasks and across a range of individual children’s language dominance, indicating that shared representations within the bilingual lexicon are accessed during both word comprehension and production.