bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints and opportunities facing women entrepreneurs in developing countries
Authors: Jamali Dima 
Published: January 2010

PurposeThis purpose of the paper to examine the interplay of constraints and opportunities affecting female entrepreneurship in developing countries. The paper integrates salient micro‐ and macro‐level perspectives and provides a rounded account of opportunities and constraints as part of a holistic interdependent system.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts an integrative multi‐level research design and an interpretive research methodology, capitalizing on in‐depth interviews with ten women entrepreneurs to explore their perceptions and interpretations of constraints and opportunities facing female entrepreneurship in the Lebanese context.FindingsThe findings presented in this paper clearly illustrate the relevance of micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐level factors in entrepreneurship research and the usefulness of integrating multiple lens and units of analysis to capture the complexity of the women entrepreneurship experience in any particular context.Originality/valueThe value added of this research lies in adapting a framework recently popularized in the context of diversity management for use in entrepreneurship research, helping to capture in turn the dynamic interplay of multiple levels of analysis and objective/subjective factors influencing female entrepreneurship.
The outcome of a rapid hepatitis B vaccination programme in a methadone treatment clinic
Authors: Ramasamy Parameswaran , Lintzeris Nicholas , Sutton Yvonne , Taylor Helen , Day Carolyn A. , Haber Paul S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAim  Injecting drug users are a high‐risk population for hepatitis B (HBV), but are difficult to engage in vaccination programmes. This study examines the completion rates of a HBV vaccination schedule and seroconversion in a group of patients in methadone maintenance treatment.Methods  Patients at a public methadone maintenance programme in Sydney, Australia, were screened for viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B and C) and offered a rapid HBV vaccination schedule (0, 1 and 2 months). Hepatitis B surface antibody (antiHBs) was retested on completion of the vaccination schedule.Results  A total of 143 patients [71.3% male, mean age 33.1 (standard deviation ± 8.3)] enrolled in the project. Forty‐nine per cent of patients were HAV antibody (Ab) positive, 81.1% hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab) positive and 38.9% antiHBs positive. Exposure to multiple hepatitis viruses was common, with 24.5% testing positive for all three viruses. Seventy‐three (83%) of the 88 antiHBs negative patients completed the vaccination schedule. Post‐vaccination serology indicated a seroconversion rate of 75.4% (55 of 73) of completors, or 62.5% of eligible participants (55 of 88).Conclusion  While there was a high rate of completion of the rapid vaccination schedule in this population, a moderate seroconversion rate was achieved. Further work is required to identify an optimal vaccination schedule in opioid substitution patients.
Retraining automatic action‐tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers
Authors: Wiers Reinout W. , Rinck Mike , Kordts Robert , Houben Katrijn , Strack Fritz 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAims  The main aim of this study was to test whether automatic action‐tendencies to approach alcohol can be modified, and whether this affects drinking behaviour.Design and participants  Forty‐two hazardous drinkers were assigned randomly to a condition in which they were implicitly trained to avoid or to approach alcohol, using a training variety of the alcohol Approach Avoidance Test (AAT). Participants pushed or pulled a joystick in response to picture‐format (landscape or portrait). The pictures depicted alcoholic or non‐alcoholic drinks. Participants in the avoid‐alcohol condition pushed most alcoholic and pulled most non‐alcoholic drinks. For participants in the approach‐alcohol condition these contingencies were reversed. After the implicit training, participants performed a taste test, including beers and soft drinks. Automatic action tendencies at post‐test were assessed with the AAT, including both trained and untrained pictures, and with a different test (Implicit Association Test, IAT). We further tested effects on subjective craving.Results  Action tendencies for alcohol changed in accordance with training condition, with the largest effects in the clinically relevant avoid‐alcohol condition. These effects occurred outside subjective awareness and generalized to new pictures in the AAT and to an entirely different test using words, rather than pictures (IAT). In relatively heavy drinking participants who demonstrated changed action tendencies in accordance with their training condition, effects were found on drinking behaviour, with participants in the approach‐alcohol condition drinking more alcohol than participants in the avoid‐alcohol condition. No effect was found on subjective craving.Conclusions  Retraining automatic processes may help to regain control over addictive impulses, which points to new treatment possibilities.
Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity: The Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Stockwell Tim , Reist Dan , Macdonald Scott , Benoit Cecilia , Jansson Mikael 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia (CARBC) was established as a multi‐campus and multi‐disciplinary research centre administered by the University of Victoria (UVic) in late 2003. Its core funding is provided from interest payments on an endowment of CAD$10.55 million. It is supported by a commitment to seven faculty appointments in various departments at UVic. The Centre has two offices, an administration and research office in Victoria and a knowledge exchange unit in Vancouver. The two offices are collaborating on the implementation of CARBC's first 5‐year plan which seeks to build capacity in British Columbia for integrated multi‐disciplinary research and knowledge exchange in the areas substance use, addictions and harm reduction. Present challenges include losses to the endowment caused by the 2008/2009 economic crisis and difficulties negotiating faculty positions with the university administration. Despite these hurdles, to date each year has seen increased capacity for the Centre in terms of affiliated scientists, funding and staffing as well as output in terms of published reports, electronic resources and impacts on policy and practice. Areas of special research interest include: drug testing in the work‐place, epidemiological monitoring, substance use and injury, pricing and taxation policies, privatization of liquor monopolies, polysubstance use, health determinants of indigenous peoples, street‐involved youth and other vulnerable populations at risk of substance use problems. Further information about the Centre and its activities can be found on http://www.carbc.ca.
Pregabalin, tiapride and lorazepam in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a multi‐centre, randomized, single‐blind comparison trial
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Di Nicola Marco , Frustaci Alessandra , Romanelli Roberto , Tedeschi Daniela , Guglielmo Riccardo , Guerriero Luigi , Bruschi Angelo , De Filippis Rocco , Pozzi Gino , Di Giannantonio Massimo , Bria Pietro , Janiri Luigi 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIntroduction The aim of this trial was to compare lorazepam with non‐benzodiazepine medications such as pregabalin and tiapride in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). These drugs were chosen for their inhibitorial effects on the hypersecretion of neurotransmitters usually observed in AWS. Craving reduction and improvement of psychiatric symptoms were the secondary end‐points.Methods One hundred and ninety subjects affected by current alcohol dependence were considered consecutively: 111 were enrolled and divided into three groups of 37 subjects each. Within a treatment duration of 14 days, medication was given up to the following maximum doses (pregabalin 450 mg/day; tiapride 800 mg/day; lorazepam 10 mg/day). Withdrawal (CIWA‐Ar), craving [visual analogue scale (VAS); Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS)], psychiatric symptoms [Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL‐90‐R)] and quality of life (QL‐index) rating scales were applied.Results On the CIWA‐Ar score, all the groups showed a significant reduction between times (P < 0.001) with a higher reduction for the pregabalin group (P < 0.01) on items regarding headache and orientation. Retention in treatment was lower in the tiapride group (P < 0.05), while the number of subjects remaining alcohol free was higher in the pregabalin group (P < 0.05). Significant reduction between baseline and the end of the treatment was found in all the groups at the OCDS and the VAS for craving, at the SCL‐90‐R and QL‐index (P < 0.001).Discussion All the medications in the trial showed evidence of safety and efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated forms of AWS, with some particular differences. The efficacy of pregabalin was superior to that of tiapride, used largely in research trials and, for some measures, to that of the ‘gold standard’, lorazepam. Accordingly, pregabalin may be considered as a potentially useful new drug for treatment of AWS, deserving further investigation.
Does opioid substitution treatment in prisons reduce injecting‐related HIV risk behaviours? A systematic review
Authors: Larney Sarah 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives  To review systematically the evidence on opioid substitution treatment (OST) in prisons in reducing injecting‐related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviours.Methods  Systematic review in accordance with guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Electronic databases were searched to identify studies of prison‐based opioid substitution treatment programmes that included assessment of effects of prison OST on injecting drug use, sharing of needles and syringes and HIV incidence. Published data were used to calculate risk ratios for outcomes of interest. Risk ratios were not pooled due to the low number of studies and differences in study designs.Results  Five studies were included in the review. Poor follow‐up rates were reported in two studies, and representativeness of the sample was uncertain in the remaining three studies. Compared to inmates in control conditions, for treated inmates the risk of injecting drug use was reduced by 55–75% and risk of needle and syringe sharing was reduced by 47–73%. No study reported a direct effect of prison OST on HIV incidence.Conclusions  There may be a role for OST in preventing HIV transmission in prisons, but methodologically rigorous research addressing this question specifically is required. OST should be implemented in prisons as part of comprehensive HIV prevention programmes that also provide condoms and sterile injecting and tattooing equipment.
Helper component‐proteinase (HC‐Pro) protein of Papaya ringspot virus interacts with papaya calreticulin
Authors: SHEN WENTAO , YAN PU , GAO LE , PAN XUEYING , WU JINYAN , ZHOU PENG 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYPotyviral helper component‐proteinase (HC‐Pro) is a multifunctional protein involved in plant–virus interactions. In this study, we constructed a Carica papaya L. plant cDNA library to investigate the host factors interacting with Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) HC‐Pro using a Sos recruitment two‐hybrid system (SRS). We confirmed that the full‐length papaya calreticulin, designated PaCRT (GenBank accession no. FJ913889), interacts specifically with PRSV HC‐Pro in yeast, in vitro and in plant cells using SRS, in vitro protein‐binding assay and bimolecular fluorescent complementation assay, respectively. SRS analysis of the interaction between three PaCRT deletion mutants and PRSV HC‐Pro demonstrated that the C‐domain (residues 307–422), with a high Ca2+‐binding capacity, was responsible for binding to PRSV HC‐Pro. In addition, quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay showed that the expression of PaCRT mRNA was significantly upregulated in the primary stage of PRSV infection, and decreased to near‐basal expression levels in noninoculated (healthy) papaya plants with virus accumulation inside host cells. PaCRT is a new calcium‐binding protein that interacts with potyviral HC‐Pro. It is proposed that the upregulated expression of PaCRT mRNA may be an early defence‐related response to PRSV infection in the host plant, and that interaction between PRSV HC‐Pro and PaCRT may be involved in plant calcium signalling pathways which could interfere with virus infection or host defence.
Recent progress and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the rice–Magnaporthe oryzae interaction
Authors: LIU JINLING , WANG XUEJUN , MITCHELL THOMAS , HU YAJUN , LIU XIONGLUN , DAI LIANGYING , WANG GUO‐LIANG 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYRice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice and severely affects crop stability and sustainability worldwide. This disease has advanced to become one of the premier model fungal pathosystems for host—pathogen interactions because of the depth of comprehensive studies in both species using modern genetic, genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. Many fungal genes involved in pathogenicity and rice genes involved in effector recognition and defence responses have been identified over the past decade. Specifically, the cloning of a total of nine avirulence (Avr) genes in M. oryzae, 13 rice resistance (R) genes and two rice blast quantitative trait loci (QTLs) has provided new insights into the molecular basis of fungal and plant interactions. In this article, we consider the new findings on the structure and function of the recently cloned R and Avr genes, and provide perspectives for future research directions towards a better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the rice–M. oryzae interaction.
Rescue of genomic information in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with normal/failed cytogenetics: a GIMEMA centralized biological study
Authors: Matteucci Caterina , Barba Gianluca , Varasano Emanuela , Vitale Antonella , Mancini Marco , Testoni Nicoletta , Cuneo Antonio , Rege‐Cambrin Giovanna , Elia Loredana , La Starza Roberta , Pierini Valentina , Brandimarte Lucia , Vignetti Marco , Foà Robin , Mecucci Cristina ,   for the GIMEMA Acute Leukaemia Working Party, Italy
Published: January 2010

SummaryMetaphase (M‐) and array (A‐) Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) were used to investigate 40 cases of T‐ and 32 of B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with normal/failed cytogenetics. M‐CGH was performed in all cases and A–CGH in 10/12 T‐ALL cases with uncertain/normal M‐CGH results. M‐CGH was abnormal in 38/72 cases, with a total of 110 imbalances (60 gains, 50 losses). 25/40 patients with T‐ALL (62·5%) showed 77 imbalances, with at least 1 genomic imbalance and a mean of 3 aberrations/patient (range 1–12). 13/32 patients with B‐ALL (40·6%) presented 34 imbalances, with a mean of 2·6 imbalances (range 1–8). A‐CGH detected 4 more T‐ALL cases with genomic imbalances. A‐CGH identified NF1/17q11·2 deletion and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization provided a 10·8% estimated overall incidence of NF1/17q11·2 deletion in T‐ALL. In all but one case (6/7) with NF1 deletion, denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing detected NOTCH1 gene mutations. Three or more imbalances in CGH‐positive cases were significantly associated with resistance to treatment and death during or after induction therapy. We suggest that the work‐up for ALL at diagnosis should include CGH investigations, particularly when cytogenetics is uninformative, because they may provide potentially valuable information with prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Reduced maternal regulatory T cell numbers and increased T helper type 2 cytokine production are associated with elevated levels of immunoglobulin E in cord blood
Authors: Hinz D. , Simon J. C. , Maier‐Simon C. , Milkova L. , Röder S. , Sack U. , Borte M. , Lehmann I. , Herberth G. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryBackground
There is evidence that the basis of an atopic‐skewed immune response is acquired early in life, perhaps at the fetal stage. Thus, we hypothesized that the development of the fetal immune system might be influenced by maternal regulatory T cells (Treg) and maternal T cell cytokine production during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of maternal Treg and cytokine production during pregnancy on Treg and atopy at birth.Methods
Within the mother–child study LINA (Lifestyle and Environmental factors and their Influence on Newborns Allergy risk), we determined the frequency and function of Treg and the total IgE concentration in pregnant women in the 34th week of gestation and in corresponding cord bloods at birth (n=24). Furthermore, we assessed how maternal mitogen‐induced T‐helper type 1/T‐helper type 2 and inflammatory cytokines influence the level of cord blood Treg and IgE.Results
Frequencies of CD4+CD25high T cells were higher (P=0.001), whereas percentages of FOXP3+ T cells were lower (P<0.001) in cord blood cells compared with maternal blood. Reduced maternal CD4+CD25high Treg frequencies correlated with increased total IgE concentrations at the 34th week of gestation (r=−0.32, P=0.028) and with increased IgE concentrations in cord blood (r=−0.50, P<0.001). Elevated maternal mitogen‐induced Th2 cytokine production was related to increased total IgE levels in the serum of corresponding cord bloods (IL‐4, r=0.53; IL‐5, r=0.43; IL‐13, r=0.52).Conclusions
Because cord blood IgE has been shown to be predictive for allergic diseases in early childhood, our results indicate that reduced maternal Treg numbers and increased Th2 cytokine production during pregnancy might influence the allergy risk of the child. Cite this as: D. Hinz, J. C. Simon, C. Maier‐Simon, L. Milkova, S. Röder, U. Sack, M. Borte, I. Lehmann and G. Herberth, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 419–426.
Bacterial strain‐specific induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells is protective in murine allergy models
Authors: Lyons A. , O'Mahony D. , O'Brien F. , MacSharry J. , Sheil B. , Ceddia M. , Russell W. M. , Forsythe P. , Bienenstock J. , Kiely B. , Shanahan F. , O'Mahony L. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryBackground
The incidence of atopic disease has increased dramatically during recent decades and the potential immunoregulatory influence of the microbiota in these individuals is under investigation.Objective
The aim of our study was to identify a bacterial strain that is protective in murine allergy models and to determine if microbial induction of T regulatory cells was associated with protection from allergic inflammation.Methods
Three microbes (Bifidobacterium breve AH1205, B. longum AH1206 and Lactobacillus salivarius AH102) of human origin were fed to newborn, adult and germ‐free animals. Induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Gene array analysis was performed on Peyer's patches. Strains were also examined for their protective effects in the ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy model and the OVA‐cholera toxin dietary allergy model.Results
Bifidobacterium longum AH1206 consumption resulted in increased numbers of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in infant, adult and germ‐free animals. B. breve AH1205 induced Foxp3+ T regulatory cell expansion only in infant mice while L. salivarius AH102 did not alter T regulatory cell numbers in any animal model tested. B. longum AH1206 reduced the Peyer's patch gene expression associated with antigen presentation, TLR signalling and cytokine production while increasing the expression of genes associated with retinoic acid metabolism. B. longum AH1206 protected against airway inflammation in OVA‐sensitized animals and B. longum AH1206 blocked the induction of IgE to orally administered OVA. Neither B. breve AH1205 nor L. salivarius AH102 had a protective effect in either model.Conclusion
Bacterial strain‐specific induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in vivo is associated with protection from respiratory and oral allergy. Cite this as: A. Lyons, D. O'Mahony, F. O'Brien, J. MacSharry, B. Sheil, M. Ceddia, W. M.Russell, P. ForsytheJ. Bienenstock, B. Kiely, F. Shanahan and L. O'Mahony, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 811–819.
The role of LTA4H and ALOX5AP genes in the risk for asthma in Latinos
Authors: Via M. , De Giacomo A. , Corvol H. , Eng C. , Seibold M. A. , Gillett C. , Galanter J. , Sen S. , Tcheurekdjian H. , Chapela R. , Rodríguez‐Santana J. R. , Rodríguez‐Cintrón W. , Thyne S. , Avila P. C. , Choudhry S. , González Burchard E. ,   on behalf of the Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) Study
Published: January 2010

SummaryBackground
Leukotrienes play an important role in allergic and inflammatory diseases, but reports on the involvement of arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase‐activating protein (ALOX5AP) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) in asthma have been inconclusive.Objective
To determine whether polymorphisms in ALOX5AP and LTA4H genes are risk factors for asthma in two different Latino groups: Mexicans and Puerto Ricans.Methods
The LTA4H gene was sequenced in individuals from both groups to identify novel polymorphisms. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ALOX5AP and LTA4H genes were analysed for associations with asthma and asthma‐related phenotypes in 687 parent–child trios of Mexican and Puerto Rican origin.Results
In LTA4H, five previously unknown polymorphisms were identified. Two SNPs within LTA4H (rs17525488 and rs2540493) were protective for asthma in Latinos (P=0.007 and 0.05, respectively). Among the Mexican patients, LTA4H polymorphisms were associated with baseline lung function and IgE levels. For ALOX5AP, the minor allele at SNP rs10507391 was associated with protection from asthma (odds ratio=0.78, P=0.02) and baseline lung function (P=0.018) in Puerto Ricans. A gene–gene interaction was identified between LTA4H (rs17525488) and ALOX5AP (rs10507391), (P=0.003, in the combined sample).Conclusion
Our results support the role of LTA4H and ALOX5AP variants as risk factors for asthma in Latino populations. Cite this as: M. Via, A. De Giacomo, H. Corvol, C. Eng, M. A. Seibold, C. Gillett, J. Galanter, S. Sen, H. Tcheurekdjian, R. Chapela, J. R. Rodríguez‐Santana, W. Rodríguez‐Cintrón, S. Thyne, P. C. Avila, S. Choudhry and E. González Burchard on behalf of the Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) Study, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 582–589.