bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The minimization of the screen bias from ancient Western Mediterranean air temperature records: an exploratory statistical analysis
Authors: Brunet Manola , Asin Jesús , Sigró Javier , Bañón Manuel , García Francisco , Aguilar Enric , Palenzuela Juan Esteban , Peterson Thomas C. , Jones Phil 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHere we present an exploratory statistical analysis aimed at the minimization of the ‘screen bias’ from affected ancient air temperature time series over the Western Mediterranean. Our approach lies in the statistical analysis of about 6 years of daily paired temperature observations taken using the ancient Montsouri shelter and the modern Stevenson screen for daily maximum (Tx) and minimum (Tn) temperature data recorded at two experimental sites: the meteorological gardens of La Coruña and Murcia, Spain (locations under the influence of the Oceanic/Atlantic/Galician and Mediterranean arid and semi‐arid climate types, respectively), where ongoing field trials have been carried out. Descriptive statistical analysis of the paired series shows pre‐sheltered temperatures tended to induce a strong warm bias in Tx data (of about 1 °C at the annual scale but with a clear seasonal cycle with higher values in summer and lower in winter), while Tn readings have a small (∼0.2 °C, and sustained all year round) cold bias compared to the modern period. Statistical relationships between the screen bias and other related meteorological variables show the highest correlation coefficients between the ‘screen bias’ and Tx, Tn and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) recorded under the replicated ancient shelters at both locations and point to the reliability of these variables as potential predictors of the ΔTx. We generate a parsimonious regression model based on the data from both experimental sites, which takes into account polynomial terms of lower order for the predictor variables (Tx and DTR recorded under the ancient shelter) and harmonic terms, in order to represent the seasonal cycle of the screen bias. The goodness‐of‐fit of the model is satisfactory, as it explains up to 51.7% of the additional ΔTx variability. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Management of laryngeal premalignant lesions in the netherlands
Authors: Fleskens Stijn A.J.H.M. , van der Laak Jeroen A.W.M. , Slootweg Pieter J. , Takes Robert P. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To investigate the current clinical management of laryngeal mucosal premalignant lesions (LMPLs) among otorhinolaryngologists working in university hospitals (tertiary referral centers) and nonuniversity hospitals (secondary referral centers) in The Netherlands. Then to compare the investigated practice with the results published in the literature.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study.Methods:A survey was conducted to assess the management of LMPLs. The questionnaire consisted of a systematic series of figures representing the initial presentation of a patient with a leukoplakic lesion at 12 different anatomical locations. The study group consisted of otorhinolaryngologists at all eight tertiary referral centers in The Netherlands (n = 22) and a random selection of otorhinolaryngologists (n = 25) from secondary referral centers throughout the country.Results:Comparing the initial management (surgical excision versus biopsy) preferred by otorhinolaryngologists at tertiary referral centers with that preferred by those at secondary referral centers, significant differences were found for seven anatomical locations. Notable differences were observed concerning the treatment of glottic lesions and the management of mild to moderate dysplasia after biopsy. Among the different tertiary referral centers, no uniform preference in management was noticed.Conclusions:There are significant differences in the management of LPMLs between otorhinolaryngologists at tertiary and secondary referral centers, depending on the location and histopathology of the lesions. Consensus on and development of guidelines concerning the management of LMPLs could be useful to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of these lesions. Laryngoscope, 2010
Inferior nasal turbinate wound healing after submucosal radiofrequency tissue ablation and monopolar electrocautery: Histologic study in a sheep model
Authors: Gouveris Haralampos , Nousia Christina , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Riga Maria , Katotomichelakis Michael , Ypsilantis Petros , Sivridis Efthimios , Danielides Vassilios 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To study differences in inferior nasal turbinate (INT) mucosal and submucosal wound‐healing histology after radiofrequency tissue ablation (RTA) and monopolar electrocautery (MEC).Study Design:Randomized controlled trial.Methods:Experimental study in sheep. Using hematoxylin‐ and eosin‐stained sections, stromal fibrosis, submucosal interstitial space volume (ISV), mucosal epithelial cell necrosis, submucosal inflammation, and vascularization in inferior turbinate samples were compared after RTA and MEC. Twelve turbinate samples were studied for each technique after 1, 3, and 8 weeks postoperatively (four samples at each time point) and there were five samples of controls. A 4‐point semiquantitative histologic grading scale (0 = absence, 1 = mild, 2 = medium, 3 = pronounced) was used to assess changes. Comparisons were performed using the Mann‐Whitney test and the Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:At postoperative week 8, the RTA group had more extensive fibrosis (P = .061) and ISV reduction (P = .127), less epithelial cell necrosis (P = .131), and significantly less submucosal inflammation (P = .036) and vascularization (P = .011) compared with the MEC group. Epithelial cell necrosis and submucosal inflammation at week 8 did not differ significantly between RTA and control group (P = 1.000 and P = .356, respectively). A significant decrease in submucosal layer vascularization in RTA‐treated INTs has been observed (P = .003 compared with controls).Conclusions:RTA is more effective (although not significantly) and less invasive than MEC for INT volume reduction. Tissue damage and wound healing were dominated by inflammation and associated epithelial cell necrosis in MEC and by a disturbance in the INT submucosal microcirculation in RTA in the studied sheep model. Laryngoscope, 2010
Powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with selective stenting
Authors: Callejas Claudio A. , Tewfik Marc A. , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare surgical outcomes of primary powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with selective or routine silicone stenting in anatomic and functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).Study Design:Prospective nonrandomized cohort study with historical control group.Methods:Thirty‐one consecutive primary powered endoscopic DCR procedures with selective stenting were performed for anatomic or functional NLDO. No stenting was used unless a tight Rosenmuller valve was appreciated when probing nasolacrimal system during surgery. Nasolacrimal system irrigation, dacryocystography, and lacrimal scintigraphy were used for preoperative assessment. Success was defined as absence of symptoms and patent nasolacrimal system. Comparisons were made with a historical cohort of 31 consecutive primary powered endoscopic DCR procedures with routine stenting.Results:The overall success rate was 79% (49/62), with 96.3% (26/27) success for anatomic and 65.7% (23/35) for functional NLDO. Success rates for anatomic NLDO were 100% (8/8) with selective stenting and 94.7% (18/19) with routine stenting (P > .05). Success rates for functional NLDO were 60.9% (14/23) with selective stenting and 75% (9/12) with routine stenting (P > .05). In the selective stenting group, 2/8 of the anatomic obstructions and 8/23 of the functional obstructions required stents.Conclusions:Our study suggests that there is no difference in surgical outcomes of primary powered endoscopic DCR with selective or routine stenting in both anatomic and functional NLDO. We advocate a selective stenting approach for primary endoscopic DCR, whereby stents are only inserted when a tight common canaliculus opening is found during surgery. Laryngoscope, 2010
An electron microscopic study—Correlation of gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Park Sanghoon , Chun Hoon Jai , Keum Bora , Uhm Chang‐Sub , Baek Seung‐Kuk , Jung Kwang‐Yoon , Lee Sung Joon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) originates from regurgitation of gastric contents, a mechanism seemingly identical to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Some researchers postulate a connection between LPR and GERD, whereas some assert LPR is a disease apart from GERD. We examined symptoms of GERD from LPR patients, and performed gastrointestinal endoscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate GERD findings from these patients.Study Design:Prospective study at an academic tertiary care center.Methods:Control subjects had no symptoms or signs of LPR/GERD. LPR was diagnosed with a Reflux Symptom Index >13 and Reflux Finding Score >7, and were questioned for GERD‐related symptoms and examined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy, then allocated into either an LPR without GERD or LPR with GERD group. Esophageal tissues were obtained from the squamocolumnar junction and managed for TEM, and the intercellular space (IS) was measured to find dilatation, a characteristic GERD finding.Results:About 30% (8/26) of LPR patients showed GERD‐related symptoms, connecting LPR with the GERD group. Most of the LPR patients showed grossly normal endoscopic findings. On TEM, IS of control group (n = 15) was measured as 0.35 ± 0.27 μm, whereas the LPR without GERD group (n = 18) and LPR with GERD group (n = 8) revealed a dilated IS of 0.61 ± 0.47 μm and 0.95 ± 0.44 μm, respectively. This difference was statistically significant compared to the control group (P < .05).Conclusions:The mean IS of LPR was significantly increased, suggesting common pathogenesis between LPR and GERD. Laryngoscope, 2010
Laryngoscopy of vocal fold paralysis: Evaluation of consistency of clinical findings
Authors: Rosow David E. , Sulica Lucian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Laryngoscopy is the principal tool for the clinical assessment of vocal fold paralysis (VFP). Yet no consistent, unified vocabulary to describe laryngoscopic findings exists, compromising the evaluation and comparison of cases, outcomes, and treatment. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate laryngoscopic findings in VFP for inter‐ and intra‐rater consistency.Study Design:Prospective survey‐based study.Methods:Half‐minute excerpts from stroboscopic exams of 22 patients with VFP were mailed to 22 fellowship‐trained laryngologists. Each reviewer was sent exams in randomized order, with three random repeats included to determine intra‐rater reliability. Twelve laryngoscopic criteria were assessed and recorded on preprinted sheets. Eleven criteria were binary in nature (yes/no); glottic insufficiency was rated on a four‐point scale (none/mild/moderate/severe). Raters were blinded to clinical history, each other's ratings, and to their own previous ratings. Inter‐rater agreement was calculated by Fleiss' kappa.Results:Twenty reviewers (91%) replied. Intra‐rater reliability by reviewer ranged from 66% to 100% and by laryngoscopic criterion from 77% to 100%. Of the laryngoscopic criteria used, glottic insufficiency (κ = 0.55), vocal fold bowing (κ = 0.49), and salivary pooling (κ = 0.45) showed moderate agreement between reviewers. Arytenoid stability (κ = 0.1), arytenoid position (κ = 0.12), and vocal fold height mismatch (κ = 0.12) showed poor agreement. The remainder showed slight to fair agreement.Conclusions:Inter‐rater agreement on commonly used laryngoscopic criteria is generally fair to poor. Glottic insufficiency, vocal fold bowing, and salivary pooling demonstrated the most agreement among responding laryngologists. These findings suggest a need for a standardized descriptive scheme for laryngoscopic findings in VFP. Laryngoscope, 2010
Head and neck radiotherapy compliance in an underserved patient population
Authors: Sethi Rajni A. , Stamell Emily F. , Price Leah , DeLacure Mark , Sanfilippo Nicholas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Compliance to intensive multiweek radiation therapy (RT) regimens in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is challenging, particularly among medically underserved patients with fewer financial and social resources. Treatment prolongation reduces local control and overall survival rates, making adherence to treatment a key factor in optimal outcome. We evaluated factors affecting compliance in medically underserved patients who received RT for HNC in a large municipal hospital setting in New York City.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Treatment records of patients treated between July 2004 and August 2008 were reviewed. Number of and reasons for missed treatments were identified. Several demographic, toxicity, and treatment variables were analyzed for impact on compliance.Results:Eighty consecutive HNC patients who underwent RT with a 5‐ to 7‐week regimen were identified. Thirty‐two patients (40%) missed no treatments, 36 (45%) missed one to six treatments, six (8%) missed seven to 14 treatments, two (3%) missed more than 14 treatments, and four (5%) did not complete treatment. Reasons for missed treatments were hospitalization (31% of events) and toxicity (20%). Patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube were more likely to miss treatments (P = .01, χ2 test). No other variable showed a significant association with missed treatments (χ2 test).Conclusions:Intensive RT for HNC can be delivered with very good adherence within a medically underserved population. Eighty‐five percent of patients completed treatment with 0 to 6 days of interruption. Efforts to further improve adherence in this population are ongoing. Laryngoscope, 2010
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in septorhinoplasty
Authors: Angelos Patrick C. , Wang Tom D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:Review the literature on methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection following septorhinoplasty, identify patient groups at risk for MRSA complications following septorhinoplasty, and evaluate the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in these patients.Discussion:Patients who are susceptible to MRSA infections may also be at higher risk for nasal colonization, and this includes elderly patients, patients recently hospitalized or treated in a rehabilitation center, and healthcare workers. Few cases of MRSA infection following septorhinoplasty have been reported in the literature. Prevention of nosocomial and postsurgical MRSA infections has been well studied, and it seems that elimination of nasal colonization is a major step in preventing these infections.Conclusions:Patients at increased risk for MRSA colonization should be screened prior to septorhinoplasty and if positive treated with antibiotic prophylaxis consisting of elimination of nasal carriage prior to surgery. Perioperative systemic antibiotic use should be considered, especially in revision cases. Laryngoscope, 2010
Histological differences between the mucosa on the medial and lateral sides of the normal uncinate process
Authors: She Wenyu , Wang Xiaoyan , Han Demin , Zhang Luo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether histological differences exist between the medial and lateral sides of the normal mucosa of the uncinate process (UP).Study Design:Retrospective histological analysis.Methods:Twenty UPs from the nasal cavities of 17 patients with no evidence of sinus disease were harvested during endoscopic sinus surgery. The dissected mucosa was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, chromotrope 2R, alcian blue–periodic acid‐Schiff, and toluidine blue.Results:The thickness of the nasal mucosa was significantly greater on the medial side of the UPs than on the lateral side (173 ± 72 μm vs. 157 ± 14 μm). The thickness of the basement membrane of the lamina propria of the mucosa was significantly greater on the medial side of the UPs than on the lateral side (2.8 ± 2.5 μm vs. 0.8 ± 1.0 μm). The thickness of the epithelium was greater on the lateral side than on the medial side (14 ± 3 μm vs. 12 ± 3 μm). The area of mucous glands was larger on the medial side than on the lateral side (43 ± 13 × 10−2 mm2 vs. 33 ± 12 × 10−2 mm2). Meanwhile, the number of mast cells (4.0 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.2) and goblet cells (23.1 ± 12.3 vs. 10.5 ± 10.2) were both found to be higher on the lateral side than on the medial side.Conclusions:There are histological differences between the mucosa on the medial and lateral sides of the normal UP. Laryngoscope, 2010
Human papillomavirus‐active head and neck cancer and ethnic health disparities
Authors: Weinberger Paul M. , Merkley Mark A. , Khichi Sunny S. , Lee Jeffrey R. , Psyrri Amanda , Jackson Lana L. , Dynan William S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Mortality for black males with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is twice that of white males or females. Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐active HNSCC, defined by the concurrent presence of high‐risk type HPV DNA and host cell p16INK4a expression, is associated with decreased mortality. We hypothesized that prevalence of this HPV‐active disease class would be lower in black HNSCC patients compared to white patients.Study Design:Multi‐institutional retrospective cohort analysis.Methods:Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate for high‐risk HPV DNA presence. Immunohistochemistry for p16INK4a protein was used as a surrogate marker for HPV oncoprotein activity. Patients were classified as HPV‐negative (HPV DNA‐negative, p16INK4a low), HPV‐inactive (HPV DNA‐positive, p16INK4a low), and HPV‐active (HPV DNA‐positive, p16INK4a high). Overall survival and recurrence rates were compared by Fisher exact test and Kaplan‐Meier analysis.Results:There were 140 patients with HNSCC who met inclusion criteria. Self‐reported ethnicity was white (115), black (25), and other (0). Amplifiable DNA was recovered from 102/140 patients. The presence of HPV DNA and the level of p16INK4a expression were determined, and the results were used to classify these patients as HPV‐negative (44), HPV‐inactive (33), and HPV‐active (25). Patients with HPV‐active HNSCC had improved overall 5‐year survival (59.7%) compared to HPV‐negative and HPV‐inactive patients (16.9%) (P = .003). Black patients were less likely to have HPV‐active disease (0%) compared to white patients (21%) (P = .017).Conclusions:The favorable HPV‐active disease class is less common in black than in white patients with HNSCC, which appears to partially explain observed ethnic health disparities. Laryngoscope, 2010
Central auditory processing deficiency with anatomic deficit in left superior temporal lobe
Authors: Grindle Christopher R. , O'Reilly Robert C. , Morlet Thierry , Finden Stephen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Describe the clinical presentation and treatment of a patient with central auditory processing deficiency associated with an anatomic deficit in the left superior temporal lobe.Study Design:Case report.Methods:We report a case and the treatment of an 8‐year‐old boy with abnormal speech development and auditory processing disorder who was found to have a large cystic lesion of his left superior temporal lobe.Results:An otherwise healthy 8‐year old male presented to our department with a history of abnormal speech development. He began acquiring speech at a normal rate until 18 months of age, when he stopped speaking and reverted to unintelligible babbling. At approximately 3 years of age, he began to re‐acquire speech at a normal rate, beginning where he had stopped 18 months earlier. Upon work‐up, it was discovered that he had a 2.7 × 2.9 × 4.5 cm cystic lesion in the left Sylvian fissure with no associated soft tissue component. Findings were most consistent with arachnoid cyst. Central auditory processing testing was abnormal, particularly regarding the patient's ability to manage competing auditory information.Conclusions:Central auditory processing disorders are a diverse group of disorders. Regardless of etiology, management focuses on modifying those factors that most affect the individual in an attempt to enhance the access to auditory information. Laryngoscope, 2010
Pediatric otolaryngology: The maturation of a pediatric surgical subspecialty
Authors: Cunningham Michael J. , Lin Aaron C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review the historical development of pediatric otolaryngology as a surgical subspecialty and to compare and contrast this historical development with that of pediatric surgery and pediatric urology.Study Design:Literature search.Methods:A sequential comparison of these three surgical subspecialties was undertaken in terms of their early origins and founding physicians, sections and societies, standardization of training and accreditation, official recognition, and certification. Supportive materials were obtained via a literature search using the PubMed database from 1950 to the present, supplemented by archived material from the libraries of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Countway Library of the Harvard Medical School.Results:Pediatric surgery, urology, and otolaryngology have taken somewhat parallel but also disparate paths toward surgical subspecialty establishment.Conclusions:Pediatric otolaryngology, despite its many accomplishments, lags behind its surgical and urologic brethren from both an accreditation and certification standpoint. Laryngoscope, 2011
Surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis may improve sleep and sexual function
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Khalid Ayesha N. , Benninger Ryan M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study was designed to evaluate the impact of surgery on the sexual function and sleep function of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study Design:A retrospective review of a cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who have undergone endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods:Each patient completed the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) prior to surgery and at least nine months following endoscopic sinus surgery, and the preoperative and postoperative scores for the questions related to sleep and sexual activity were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to assess the magnitude and direction of change between observation points.Results:Mean response scores regarding sexual activity between preoperative (1.1 ± 1.0) and postoperative scores (0.7 ± 0.8) are significantly different (P < .001). Mean response scores regarding sleep dysfunction between preoperative (2.4 ± 1.0) and postoperative scores (1.5 ± 1.1) are also significantly different (P < .001). For both questions, a higher frequency of subjects responded “never” and “almost never” in the postoperative period compared with preoperative measures.Conclusions:Using the questions from the RSDI, there is an improvement in scores of sexual function and sleep after surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Further, more in‐depth evaluations of these potential benefits are needed. Laryngoscope, 2010