bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental weathering of (linear low‐density polyethylene)/(soya powder) blends compatibilized with polyethylene‐grafted maleic anhydride
Authors: Ting Sam Sung , Ismail Hanafi , Ahmad Zulkifli 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBlends containing various percentages of linear low‐density polyethylene and soya powder were prepared. The effects of polyethylene‐graft‐(maleic anhydride) (PE‐g‐MA) as a compatibilizer and soya powder content on the natural weathering were investigated. Blends without PE‐g‐MA were used as controls. The soya powder was varied from 5 to 40 wt% of the blends, and PE‐g‐MA was used at 50 wt% based on soya powder content. The samples were exposed to natural weathering in the northern part of Malaysia for 1 year. Higher decreases in tensile strength and elongation at break of the controls were observed as compared to those of the PE‐g‐MA compatibilized blends after the natural weathering. The Young's modulus of both controls and compatibilized blends increased over the environmental exposure period. A control sample lost 8.8% of its original weight after 1 year of weathering, whereas a compatibilized blend lost 7.5 wt% during the same period. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Anisotropic pressure correlation spectra in turbulent shear flow
Authors: Tsuji Yoshiyuki , Kaneda Yukio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe measured the correlation spectrum ${\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$ of pressure fluctuations in a driving mixing layer with a Taylor-scale Reynolds number ${R}_{\lambda } $ up to ${\simeq }700$ by a newly developed pressure probe with spatial and temporal resolutions that are sufficient to analyse inertial-subrange statistics. The influence of the mean velocity gradient tensor ${S}_{ij} $ in the mixing layer, which is almost constant near its centreline, is studied using an idea similar to that underlying the linear response theory developed in statistical mechanics for systems at or near thermal equilibrium. If we write the spectrum ${\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$ as ${\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})= { \hat {Q} }_{p}^{(0)} (\mathbi{k})+ \mrm{\Delta} {\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$, where ${ \hat {Q} }_{p}^{(0)} (\mathbi{k})$ is the isotropic Kolmogorov spectrum in the absence of mean shear, then for small ${S}_{ij} $ the deviation $ \mrm{\Delta} {\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$ due to the shear is approximately linear and is determined by a few non-dimensional universal constants in addition to ${S}_{ij} $, $k$ and the mean energy dissipation rate. We also measured the pressure–velocity and velocity–velocity correlation spectra. Deviations from isotropy due to shear are shown to be approximately proportional to ${S}_{ij} $ at large ${R}_{\lambda } $.
Ice ripple formation at large Reynolds numbers
Authors: Camporeale Carlo , Ridolfi Luca 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA free-surface-induced morphological instability is studied in the laminar regime at large Reynolds numbers ($\mathit{Re}= 1\text{{\ndash}} 1{0}^{3} $) and on sub-horizontal walls ($\vartheta \lt 3{0}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $). We analytically and numerically develop the stability analysis of an inclined melting–freezing interface bounding a free-surface laminar flow. The complete solution of both the linearized flow field and the heat conservation equations allows the exact derivation of the upper and lower temperature gradients at the interface, as required by the Stefan condition, from which the dispersion relationship is obtained. The eigenstructure is obtained and discussed. Free-surface dynamics appears to be crucial for the triggering of upstream propagating ice ripples, which grow at the liquid–solid interface. The kinematic and the dynamic conditions play a key role in controlling the formation of the free-surface fluctuations; these latter induce a streamline distortion with an increment of the wall-normal velocities and a destabilizing phase shift in the net heat transfer to the interface. Three-dimensional effects appear to be crucial at high Reynolds numbers. The role of inertia forces, vorticity, and thermal boundary conditions are also discussed.
Wetting front dynamics in an isotropic porous medium
Authors: Shikhmurzaev Yulii D. , Sprittles James E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new approach to the modelling of wetting fronts in porous media on the Darcy scale is developed, based on considering the types (modes) of motion the menisci go through on the pore scale. This approach is illustrated using a simple model case of imbibition of a viscous incompressible liquid into an isotropic porous matrix with two modes of motion for the menisci, the wetting mode and the threshold mode. The latter makes it necessary to introduce an essentially new technique of conjugate problems that allows one to link threshold phenomena on the pore scale with the motion on the Darcy scale. The developed approach (a) makes room for incorporating the actual physics of wetting on the pore scale, (b) brings in the physics associated with pore-scale thresholds, which determine when sections of the wetting front will be brought to a halt (pinned), and, importantly, (c) provides a regular framework for constructing models of increasing complexity.
The effect of asymmetric large-scale dissipation on energy and potential enstrophy injection in two-layer quasi-geostrophic turbulence
Authors: Gkioulekas Eleftherios 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the Nastrom–Gage spectrum of atmospheric turbulence, we observe a${k}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $energy spectrum that transitions into a${k}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $spectrum, with increasing wavenumber$k$. The transition occurs near a transition wavenumber${k}_{t} $, located near the Rossby deformation wavenumber${k}_{R} $. The Tung–Orlando theory interprets this spectrum as a double downscale cascade of potential enstrophy and energy, from large scales to small scales, in which the downscale potential enstrophy cascade coexists with the downscale energy cascade over the same length scale range. We show that, in a temperature-forced two-layer quasi-geostrophic model, the rates with which potential enstrophy and energy are injected place the transition wavenumber${k}_{t} $near${k}_{R} $. We also show that, if the potential energy dominates the kinetic energy in the forcing range, then the Ekman term suppresses the upscale cascading potential enstrophy more than it suppresses the upscale cascading energy, a behaviour contrary to what occurs in two-dimensional turbulence. As a result, the ratio$\eta / \varepsilon $of injected potential enstrophy over injected energy, in the downscale direction, decreases, thereby tending to decrease the transition wavenumber${k}_{t} $further. Using a random Gaussian forcing model, we reach the same conclusion, under the modelling assumption that the asymmetric Ekman term predominantly suppresses the bottom layer forcing, thereby disregarding a possible entanglement between the Ekman term and the nonlinear interlayer interaction. Based on these results, we argue that the Tung–Orlando theory can account for the approximate coincidence between${k}_{t} $and${k}_{R} $. We also identify certain open questions that require further investigation via numerical simulations.
Straight and linearly tapered capillaries produced by femtosecond laser micromachining
Authors: WIGGINS S. M. , REIJNDERS M. P. , ABUAZOUM S. , HART K. , VIEUX G. , WELSH G. H. , ISSAC R. C. , YANG X. , JONES D. R. , JAROSZYNSKI D. A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGas-filled capillary discharge waveguides are a commonly employed medium in laser–plasma interaction applications, such as the laser wakefield accelerator, because they can simultaneously guide high-power laser pulses while acting as the medium for acceleration. In this paper, the production of both straight and linearly tapered capillaries using a femtosecond laser micromachining technique is presented. A tapered capillary is shown to possess a smooth variation in diameter (from 305 μm to 183 μm) along its entire 40 mm length, which would lead to a longitudinal plasma density gradient, thereby dramatically improving the laser–plasma interaction efficiency in applications. Efficient guiding with up to 82% energy transmission of the fundamental Gaussian mode of a low intensity, 50 fs duration laser pulse is shown for both types of capillary waveguide.
Nonlinear theory of longitudinal dust-lattice wave in a magnetic dusty plasma crystal
Authors: SHAHMANSOURI M. , FAROKHI B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe propagation of dust-lattice waves in two-dimensional hexagonal dusty plasma crystals in the presence of an external weak magnetic field is considered. Linear and nonlinear properties of the longitudinal dust-lattice waves are investigated. Dispersion relation, group velocity and evolution equation are found. The influence of the magnetic field on the propagation of dust-lattice waves is studied. We obtain the envelope evolution equation for longitudinal modes in the presence of a weak magnetic field, which is in the form of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation.
Approximating entropy for a class of ℤ2Markov random fields and pressure for a class of functions on ℤ2shifts of finite type
Authors: MARCUS BRIAN , PAVLOV RONNIE 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFor a class of ℤ2Markov Random Fields (MRFs)μ, we show that the sequence of successive differences of entropies of induced MRFs on strips of heightnconverges exponentially fast (inn) to the entropy ofμ. These strip entropies can be computed explicitly whenμis a Gibbs state given by a nearest-neighbor interaction on a strongly irreducible nearest-neighbor ℤ2shift of finite typeX. We state this result in terms of approximations to the (topological) pressures of certain functions on such anX, and we show that these pressures are computable if the values taken on by the functions are computable. Finally, we show that our results apply to the hard core model and Ising model for certain parameter values of the corresponding interactions, as well as to the topological entropy of certain nearest-neighbor ℤ2shifts of finite type, generalizing a result in [R. Pavlov. Approximating the hard square entropy constant with probabilistic methods.Ann. Probab.to appear].
A coding theoretic study of MLL proof nets
Authors: MATSUOKA SATOSHI 
Published: February 2012

In this paper we propose a novel approach for analysing proof nets of Multiplicative Linear Logic (MLL) using coding theory. We define families of proof structures called PS-families and introduce a metric space for each family. In each family:
(1)an MLL proof net is a true code element; and(2)a proof structure that is not an MLL proof net is a false (or corrupted) code element.
The definition of our metrics elegantly reflects the duality of the multiplicative connectives. We show that in our framework one-error-detection is always possible but one-error-correction is always impossible. We also demonstrate the importance of our main result by presenting two proof-net enumeration algorithms for a given PS-family: the first searches proof nets naively and exhaustively without help from our main result, while the second uses our main result to carry out an intelligent search. In some cases, the first algorithm visits proof structures exponentially, while the second does so only polynomially.
Role of phospholipase A2pathway in regulating activation ofBufo arenarumoocytes
Authors: Ajmat M.T. , Bonilla F. , Hermosilla P.C. , Zelarayán L. , Bühler M.I. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryTransient increases in the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+are essential for triggering egg activation events. Increased Ca2+results from its rapid release from intracellular stores, mainly mediated by one or both intracellular calcium channels: the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and the ryanodine receptor (RyR). Several regulatory pathways that tailor the response of these channels to the specific cell type have been proposed. Among its many modulatory actions, calcium can serve as an activator of a cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2), which releases arachidonic acid from phospholipids of the endoplasmic reticulum as well as from the nuclear envelope. Previous studies have suggested that arachidonic acid and/or its metabolites were able to modulate the activity of several ion channels. Based on these findings, we have studied the participation of the phospholipase A2(PLA2) pathway in the process ofBufo arenarumoocyte activation and the interrelation between any of its metabolites and the ion channels involved in the calcium release from the intracellular reservoirs at fertilization. We found that addition of both melittin, a potent PLA2activator, and arachidonic acid, the main PLA2reaction metabolite, was able to induce activation events in a bell-shaped manner. Differential regulation of IP3Rs and RyRs by arachidonic acid and its products could explain melittin and arachidonic acid behaviour inBufo arenarumegg activation. The concerted action of arachidonic acid and/or its metabolites could provide controlled mobilization of calcium from intracellular reservoirs and useful tools for understanding calcium homeostasis in eggs that express both types of receptors.
Abnormal methylation of KCNQ1OT1 and differential methylation of H19 imprinting control regions in human ICSI embryos
Authors: Khoueiry Rita , Ibala-Romdhane Samira , Al-Khtib Mohamed , Blachère Thierry , Lornage Jacqueline , Guérin Jean-.François , Lefèvre Annick 
Published: February 2012

SummaryTo evaluate the integrity of genomic imprinting in embryos that failed to develop normally following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), we analysed the methylation profile of H19 and KCNQ1OT1 imprinting control regions, H19DMR and KvDMR1 respectively, in high-grade blastocysts and in embryos that exhibited developmental anomalies. Significant hypomethylation of KvDMR1 was specifically observed in 5/5 atypical blastocysts graded BC, which probably reflected the vulnerability of the imprint in the inner cell mass during the methylation remodelling phase in the early embryo. In addition, KvDMR1 was hypermethylated in 2/5 CC graded atypical blastocysts and in 2/8 embryos that exhibited developmental delay. H19DMR appeared differentially methylated in all groups of embryos. DNA methyltransfersase 1 (DNMT1) expression was similar in most of the tested embryos and could not account for the abnormal methylation patterns of KvDMR1 observed.
Dissolved iron in the Arctic Ocean: Important role of hydrothermal sources, shelf input and scavenging removal
Authors: Klunder M. B. , Laan P. , Middag R. , de Baar H. J. W. , Bakker K. 
Published: February 2012

Arctic Ocean waters exchange with the North Atlantic, and thus dissolved iron (DFe) in the Arctic has implications for the global Fe cycle. We present deep water (>250 m) DFe concentrations of the Central Arctic Ocean (Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins). The DFe concentration in the deep waters varies considerably between these basins, with the lowest DFe concentrations (0.2–0.4 nM) in the Makarov Basin, higher concentrations (∼0.45 nM) in the Amundsen Basin and highest concentrations (∼0.6–0.7 nM) in the Nansen Basin. Atlantic input from the shelf seas and slopes enhances the DFe concentration in the Nansen Basin. Moreover, hydrothermal activity at the Gakkel Ridge causes a significant and widespread enrichment of DFe in the Eurasian Basins, at a depth of 2000–3000 m. Below this maximum, the important role of scavenging and absence of input sources are reflected in a strong relation with dissolved Mn (DMn) and in very low (<0.25 nM) DFe concentrations in the deepest (>3000 m) Amundsen and Makarov Basins. The depth profiles of DFe in the Arctic Ocean, notably in the Makarov Basin, deviate from the DFe distribution pattern observed in other parts of the world ocean.
Mapping of CO2at high spatiotemporal resolution using satellite observations: Global distributions from OCO‐2
Authors: Hammerling Dorit M. , Michalak Anna M. , Kawa S. Randolph 
Published: February 2012

Satellite observations of CO2offer new opportunities to improve our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Using such observations to infer global maps of atmospheric CO2and their associated uncertainties can provide key information about the distribution and dynamic behavior of CO2, through comparison to atmospheric CO2distributions predicted from biospheric, oceanic, or fossil fuel flux emissions estimates coupled with atmospheric transport models. Ideally, these maps should be at temporal resolutions that are short enough to represent and capture the synoptic dynamics of atmospheric CO2. This study presents a geostatistical method that accomplishes this goal. The method can extract information about the spatial covariance structure of the CO2field from the available CO2retrievals, yields full coverage (Level 3) maps at high spatial resolutions, and provides estimates of the uncertainties associated with these maps. The method does not require information about CO2fluxes or atmospheric transport, such that the Level 3 maps are informed entirely by available retrievals. The approach is assessed by investigating its performance using synthetic OCO‐2 data generated from the PCTM/GEOS‐4/CASA‐GFED model, for time periods ranging from 1 to 16 days and a target spatial resolution of 1° latitude × 1.25° longitude. Results show that global CO2fields from OCO‐2 observations can be predicted well at surprisingly high temporal resolutions. Even one‐day Level 3 maps reproduce the large‐scale features of the atmospheric CO2distribution, and yield realistic uncertainty bounds. Temporal resolutions of two to four days result in the best performance for a wide range of investigated scenarios, providing maps at an order of magnitude higher temporal resolution relative to the monthly or seasonal Level 3 maps typically reported in the literature.
A gene-based test of association using canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Tang Clara S. , Ferreira Manuel A. R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) measures the association between two sets of multidimensional variables. We reasoned that CCA could provide an efficient and powerful approach for both univariate and multivariate gene-based tests of association without the need for permutation testing.
Results: Compared with a commonly used permutation-based approach, CCA (i) is faster; (ii) has appropriate type-I error rate for normally distributed quantitative traits; (iii) provides comparable power for small to medium-sized genes (&lt;100 kb); (iv) provides greater power when the causal variants are uncommon; (v) provides considerably less power for larger genes (≥100 kb) when the causal variants have a broad minor allele frequency (MAF) spectrum. Application to a GWAS of leukocyte levels identified SAFB and a histone gene cluster as novel putative loci harboring multiple independent variants regulating lymphocyte and neutrophil counts.
Availability: http://genepi.qimr.edu.au/staff/manuelF/gene/main.html
Contact: manuel.ferreira@qimr.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
Predicting relapse prior to transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia by integrating expert knowledge and expression data
Authors: Yeung K. Y. , Gooley T. A. , Zhang A. , Raftery A. E. , Radich J. P. , Oehler V. G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMotivation: Selecting a small number of signature genes for accurate classification of samples is essential for the development of diagnostic tests. However, many genes are highly correlated in gene expression data, and hence, many possible sets of genes are potential classifiers. Because treatment outcomes are poor in advanced chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), we hypothesized that expression of classifiers of advanced phase CML when detected in early CML [chronic phase (CP) CML], correlates with subsequent poorer therapeutic outcome.Results: We developed a method that integrates gene expression data with expert knowledge and predicted functional relationships using iterative Bayesian model averaging. Applying our integrated method to CML, we identified small sets of signature genes that are highly predictive of disease phases and that are more robust and stable than using expression data alone. The accuracy of our algorithm was evaluated using cross-validation on the gene expression data. We then tested the hypothesis that gene sets associated with advanced phase CML would predict relapse after allogeneic transplantation in 176 independent CP CML cases. Our gene signatures of advanced phase CML are predictive of relapse even after adjustment for known risk factors associated with transplant outcomes.Availability: The source codes and data sets used are available from the web site http://expression.washington.edu/publications/kayee/integratedBMA.Contact: kayee@u.washington.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
WegoLoc: accurate prediction of protein subcellular localization using weighted Gene Ontology terms
Authors: Chi Sang-Mun , Nam Dougu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: We present an accurate and fast web server, WegoLoc for predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on sequence similarity and weighted Gene Ontology (GO) information. A term weighting method in the text categorization process is applied to GO terms for a support vector machine classifier. As a result, WegoLoc surpasses the state-of-the-art methods for previously used test datasets. WegoLoc supports three eukaryotic kingdoms (animals, fungi and plants) and provides human-specific analysis, and covers several sets of cellular locations. In addition, WegoLoc provides (i) multiple possible localizations of input protein(s) as well as their corresponding probability scores, (ii) weights of GO terms representing the contribution of each GO term in the prediction, and (iii) a BLAST E-value for the best hit with GO terms. If the similarity score does not meet a given threshold, an amino acid composition-based prediction is applied as a backup method.
Availability: WegoLoc and User's guide are freely available at the website http://www.btool.org/WegoLoc
Contact: smchiks@ks.ac.kr; dougnam@unist.ac.kr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data is available at http://www.btool.org/WegoLoc.
Poly[[diaquabis(μ2-crotonato-κ3O:O,O′)(crotonato-κ2O,O′)lanthanum(III)] adenine monosolvate monohydrate]
Authors: Atria Ana María , Garland Maria Teresa , Baggio Ricardo 
Published: February 2012

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[La(C4H5O2)3(H2O)2]·C5H5N5·H2O}n, consists of an LaIIIcation, three crotonate (but-2-enoate) anions and two coordinated water molecules forming the neutral complex, completed by an external adenine molecule and one hydration water molecule. The LaO10coordination polyhedra, connected through the sharing of a single edge, form isolated chains running along the [100] direction. These one-dimensional structures are characterized by two different centrosymmetric La2O2loops, with La...La distances of 4.5394 (6) and 4.5036 (6) Å. The unbound adenine and water solvent molecules form a highly planar hydrogen-bonded array parallel to (110) (r.m.s. deviation from the mean plane < 0.10 Å) which intersects the isolated La–crotonate chains in a slanted fashion to form an extremely connected hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional structure.