bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of bone morphogenetic proteins on cochlear hair cell formation: Analyses of Noggin and Bmp2 mutant mice
Authors: Hwang Chan Ho , Guo Dayong , Harris Marie A. , Howard Omar , Mishina Yuji , Gan Lin , Harris Stephen E. , Wu Doris K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe mammalian organ of Corti of the inner ear is a highly sophisticated sensory end organ responsible for detecting sound. Noggin is a secreted glycoprotein, which antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (Bmp2 and Bmp4). The lack of this antagonist causes increased rows of inner and outer hair cells in the organ of Corti. In mice, Bmp2 is expressed transiently in nascent cochlear hair cells. To investigate whether Noggin normally modulates the levels of Bmp2 for hair cell formation, we deleted Bmp2 in the cochlear hair cells using two cre strains, Foxg1cre/+ and Gfi1cre/+. Bmp2 conditional knockout cochleae generated using these two cre strains show normal hair cells. Furthermore, Gfi1cre/+;Bmp2lox/− mice are viable and have largely normal hearing. The combined results of Noggin and Bmp2 mutants suggest that Noggin is likely to regulate other Bmps in the cochlea such as Bmp4. Developmental Dynamics 239:505–513, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hedgehog signaling and laminin play unique and synergistic roles in muscle development
Authors: Peterson Matthew T. , Henry Clarissa A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) signaling and laminin‐111, a basement membrane protein, are required for early muscle development. Hh signaling specifies different populations of muscle fibers and laminin‐111 is critical for early muscle morphogenesis. However, additional requirements for Hh signaling and laminin during later phases of muscle development are not known. Furthermore, interactions between Hh signaling and laminin in this context are unknown. We used laminin gamma1 mutant zebrafish and cyclopamine to block Hh signal transduction separately and in combination to investigate their functions and interactions. We found that both Hh signaling and laminin are required for normal myosin chain expression. In addition, Hh signaling and laminin act synergistically during fast‐twitch fiber elongation: fast muscle cells do not elongate in embryos deficient for both Hh signaling and laminin. Finally, we present evidence that suggests that Hh signaling is indirectly required via slow fiber specification for recovery of fast fiber elongation in laminin gamma1 mutant embryos. Developmental Dynamics 239:905–913, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of conserved residues in the βpat‐3 cytoplasmic tail reveals important functions of integrin in multiple tissues
Authors: Xu Xiaojian , Ahn Jeong H. , Tam Phebe , Yu Eun Jeong , Batra Sushil , Cram Erin J. , Lee Myeongwoo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntegrin cytoplasmic tails contain motifs that link extracellular information to cell behavior such as cell migration and contraction. To investigate the cell functions mediated by the conserved motifs, we created mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans βpat‐3 cytoplasmic tail. The β1D (799FK800), NPXY, tryptophan (784W), and threonine (797TT798) motifs were disrupted to identify their functions in vivo. Animals expressing integrins with disrupted NPXY motifs were viable, but displayed distal tip cell migration and ovulation defects. The conserved threonines were required for gonad migration and contraction as well as tail morphogenesis, whereas disruption of the β1D and tryptophan motifs produced only mild defects. To abolish multiple conserved motifs, a β1C‐like variant, which results in a frameshift, was constructed. The βpat‐3(β1C) transgenic animals showed cold‐sensitive larval arrests and defective muscle structure and gonad migration and contraction. Our study suggests that the conserved NPXY and TT motifs play important roles in the tissue‐specific function of integrin. Developmental Dynamics 239:763–772, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ror2 is required for midgut elongation during mouse development
Authors: Yamada Makiko , Udagawa Jun , Matsumoto Akihiro , Hashimoto Ryuju , Hatta Toshihisa , Nishita Michiru , Minami Yasuhiro , Otani Hiroki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 acts as a receptor for Wnt5a to mediate noncanonical Wnt signaling, and it plays essential roles in morphogenesis. Ror2−/− embryos exhibit phenotypes similar to, albeit generally milder than, those of Wnt5a−/− embryos. During mouse embryogenesis, Ror2 is expressed in various organs and regions, although little is known about its expression pattern and roles in the developing gut, while Wnt5a is expressed in the developing gut, where its absence causes abnormal phenotypes. Here, we demonstrated that Ror2 was strongly and differentially expressed in the rostral and middle midgut endoderm from embryonic day (E) 10.5 through embryonic day (E) 12.5. At E11.5, Ror2−/− embryos exhibited a shorter middle midgut with a larger diameter and more accumulation of epithelial cells in the middle midgut than control embryos, while the total cell numbers remained unaltered. These findings suggest that Ror2 plays important roles in midgut elongation by means of an epithelial convergent extension mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 239:941–953, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Med24 and Mdh2 are required for Drosophila larval salivary gland cell death
Authors: Wang Lei , Lam Geanette , Thummel Carl S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe steroid hormone ecdysone triggers the rapid destruction of larval tissues through transcriptional cascades that culminate in rpr and hid expression and caspase activation. Here, we show that mutations in Mdh2 and Med24 block caspase cleavage and larval salivary gland cell death. Mdh2 encodes a predicted malate dehydrogenase that localizes to mitochondria. Consistent with this proposed function, Mdh2 mutants have significantly lower levels of ATP and accumulate late‐stage citric acid cycle intermediates, suggesting that the cell death defects arise from a deficit in energy production. Med24 encodes a component of the Mediator transcriptional coactivator complex. Unexpectedly, however, expression of the key death regulator genes is normal in Med24 mutant salivary glands. This study identifies novel mechanisms for controlling the destruction of larval tissues during Drosophila metamorphosis and provides new directions for our understanding of steroid‐triggered programmed cell death. Developmental Dynamics 239:954–964, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eeg in adolescent anorexia nervosa: Impact of refeeding and weight gain
Authors: Hatch Ainslie , Madden Sloane , Kohn Michael R. , Clarke Simon , Touyz Stephen , Gordon Evian , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:To examine resting awake EEG in adolescent AN participants before and after refeeding to determine if EEG abnormalities in Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are reversible.Method:In 37 adolescent first admission AN patients and 45 healthy controls, EEG was recorded during short duration “eyes open” and “eyes closed” awake resting conditions. Repeat testing occurred in 28 AN participants after refeeding and subsequent weight gain.Results:In “eyes open,” underweight AN participants exhibit reduced relative alpha power and increased beta power in frontal brain regions. A significant increase in alpha, and decrease in beta and delta power was observed within participants after refeeding. In “eyes closed”, underweight AN participants had elevated theta in parietal‐occipital regions which remained after refeeding.Discussion:EEG abnormalities (reduced alpha/increased beta power) in AN normalizes with refeeding, while increased theta power persists in parietal‐occipital regions in an eyes closed context. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:65–75)
Characterization of the hemodynamic modes associated with interictal epileptic activity using a deformable model‐based analysis of combined EEG and functional MRI recordings
Authors: Grouiller Frédéric , Vercueil Laurent , Krainik Alexandre , Segebarth Christoph , Kahane Philippe , David Olivier 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSimultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG/fMRI) have been proposed to contribute to the definition of the epileptic seizure onset zone. Following interictal epileptiform discharges, one usually assumes a canonical hemodynamic response function (HRF), which has been derived from fMRI studies in healthy subjects. However, recent findings suggest that the hemodynamic properties of the epileptic brain are likely to differ significantly from physiological responses. Here, we propose a simple and robust approach that provides HRFs, defined as a limited set of gamma functions, optimized so as to elicit strong activations after standard model‐driven statistical analysis at the single subject level. The method is first validated on healthy subjects using experimental data acquired during motor, visual and memory encoding tasks. Second, interictal EEG/fMRI data measured in 10 patients suffering from epilepsy are analyzed. Results show dramatic changes of activation patterns, depending on whether physiological or pathological assumptions are made on the hemodynamics of the epileptic brain. Our study suggests that one cannot assume a priori that HRFs in epilepsy are similar to the canonical model. This may explain why a significant fraction of EEG/fMRI exams in epileptic patients are inconclusive after standard data processing. The heterogeneous perfusion in epileptic regions indicates that the properties of brain vasculature in epilepsy deserve careful attention. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional response in ventral temporal cortex differentiates mild cognitive impairment from normal aging
Authors: Gold Brian T. , Jiang Yang , Jicha Greg A. , Smith Charles D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study sought to identify altered brain activation patterns in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that could precede frank task impairment and neocortical atrophy. A high‐accuracy lexical decision (LD) task was therefore employed. Both MCI and normal seniors (NS) groups completed the LD task while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed. Accuracy on the LD task was high (≥89% correct for both groups), and both groups activated a network of occipitotemporal regions and inferior frontal cortex. However, compared with the NS group, the MCI group showed reduced fMRI activation in these regions and increased activation in bilateral portions of anterior cingluate cortex. The results from a voxel‐based morphometry analysis indicated that altered activations in the MCI group were not within regions of atrophy. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that reduced fMRI response in the left and right midfusiform gyri accurately discriminated MCI from NS. When activation magnitude in both fusiform gyri were included in a single logistic regression model, group classification accuracy was very high (area under the curve = 0.93). These results showed that a disrupted functional response in the ventral temporal lobe accurately distinguishes individuals with MCI from NS, a finding which may have implications for identifying seniors at risk for cognitive decline. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An assessment of the water budget for contrasting vegetation covers associated with waste management
Authors: Yunusa Isa A. M. , Zeppel Melanie J. B. , Fuentes, Sigfredo , Macinnis‐Ng Catriona M. O. , Palmer Anthony R. , Eamus Derek 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRevegetation is critical to restoring hydrological function on waste disposal sites in order to minimize runoff and drainage and safeguard the water quality of the catchment. In this study, we determined the components of soil–water balance between late 2006 and the end of 2008 for three vegetation types established over sites used for waste disposal: (i) a juvenile plantation of mixed Australian woody species; (ii) a block of mixed tree seedlings; (iii) and an ungrazed grass pasture. These were compared against a nearby natural woodland taken as an analogue of a pre‐existing hydrological state. Evapotranspiration (ET) was the major component of the soil–water balance in all the four vegetation types. In the plantation and woodland, ET accounted for 60–93% of the annual rainfall compared to 44–88% in the grass and seedling blocks. While the balance of rainfall was largely lost to runoff in the plantation and the woodland, it was split almost equally between runoff and drainage in the other two vegetation covers. The plantation maintained parity in its ET with woodland due to groundcover that contributed at least 70% of the water use, while seasonal growth and periodic mowing reduced ET from the grass. Over the 2 years, the height of the deep (∼19 m above sea level) water table under the plantation and grass declined by an average of 0·3 m, while it rose by a similar magnitude in the woodland. The height of the shallow water table (∼8 m above sea level) showed no consistent change. We conclude that, with a good groundcover of mixed herbaceous species, a juvenile plantation can restore hydrological function and minimize deep recharge of a waste disposal site to the status of that under a pre‐existing undisturbed woodland. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling investigation of water partitioning at a semiarid ponderosa pine hillslope
Authors: Guan Huade , Simunek Jirka , Newman Brent D. , Wilson John L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe effects of vegetation root distribution on near‐surface water partitioning can be two‐fold. On the one hand, the roots facilitate deep percolation by root‐induced macropore flow; on the other hand, they reduce the potential for deep percolation by root‐water‐uptake processes. Whether the roots impede or facilitate deep percolation depends on various conditions, including climate, soil, and vegetation characteristics. This paper examines the effects of root distribution on deep percolation into the underlying permeable bedrock for a given soil profile and climate condition using HYDRUS modelling. The simulations were based on previously field experiments on a semiarid ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) hillslope. An equivalent single continuum model for simulating root macropore flow on hillslopes is presented, with root macropore hydraulic parameterization estimated based on observed root distribution. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the root macropore effect dominates saturated soil water flow in low conductivity soils (Kmatrix below 10−7 m/s), while it is insignificant in soils with a Kmatrix larger than 10−5 m/s, consistent with observations in this and other studies. At the ponderosa pine site, the model with simple root‐macropore parameterization reasonably well reproduces soil moisture distribution and some major runoff events. The results indicate that the clay‐rich soil layer without root‐induced macropores acts as an impeding layer for potential groundwater recharge. This impeding layer results in a bedrock percolation of less than 1% of the annual precipitation. Without this impeding layer, percolation into the underlying permeable bedrock could be as much as 20% of the annual precipitation. This suggests that at a surface with low‐permeability soil overlying permeable bedrock, the root penetration depth in the soil is critical condition for whether or not significant percolation occurs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycine‐catalyzed easy and efficient one‐pot synthesis of polyhydroquinolines through Hantzsch multicomponent condensation under controlled microwave
Authors: Singh Satish Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
magnified imageGlycine, a novel heterogeneous organocatalyst, is found to be highly effective for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives in a one‐pot multicomponent reaction via Hantzsch condensation under controlled microwave (MW) irradiation. The combination of glycine and MW has promising features for the reaction response, such as the shortest reaction time, excellent product yields, and simple work‐up of the products. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Management of ischemic stroke: Part 1. Emergency room management
Authors: Lu‐Emerson Christine , Likosky David , Amin Alpesh , Tirschwell David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Acute ischemic stroke is commonly encountered by the hospitalist. There have been dramatic changes in our ability to care for these patients acutely. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) primary stroke center certification has become progressively more important to institutions nationally and includes many aspects of initial evaluation and treatment.PURPOSE:Acute treatment involves the rapid assimilation of patient characteristics, laboratory results, and imaging results. There are a growing number of potential acute therapies with a range of risk, benefit, necessary time windows, and specific eligibility criteria.DATA SOURCES:Primary trials, current guidelines.CONCLUSIONS:The hospitalist is well‐positioned to play a major role in the treatment of stroke patients as well as the systems work that aids in the management of this population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:33–40. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Effect of clinician advice and patient preparedness to quit on subsequent quit attempts in hospitalized smokers
Authors: Shah Lisa M. , King Andrea C. , Basu Anirban , Krishnan Jerry A. , Borden William B. , Meltzer David , Arora Vineet 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although smoking cessation counseling for cardiac inpatients is a quality measure, little data exist regarding postdischarge quit attempts in a primarily urban, African American, underserved population. This study aimed to assess preparedness to quit smoking and quit behaviors.METHODS:Smokers on the cardiology service were asked to rate preparedness using the 10‐step Contemplation Ladder. During phone surveys given 30‐days postdischarge, patients reported whether they made quit attempts, method and success of attempts, and recall of receiving advice to quit.RESULTS:From February 2006 through July 2007, 2906 of 3364 of inpatients were interviewed. Fifteen percent (436/2906) were current smokers and 415/436 completed the inpatient assessment. Of these, 75% (310/415) indicated they were prepared to quit. At the 1‐month follow‐up, 67% (276/415) were interviewed and 71% of those patients (195/276) reported making a quit attempt, with most (76%) reporting quitting “cold turkey” (without aid). Compared with less prepared patients, prepared patients were more likely to report making a quit attempt after discharge (77% [163/212] vs. 50% [32/64], P < 0.001) and were successful in that attempt (43% [90/212] vs. 25% [16/64], P = 0.010).CONCLUSIONS:The majority of smokers hospitalized with cardiac disease reported being prepared to quit smoking. Those prepared, and who received advice to quit, were more likely to make a quit attempt and report abstinence than those less prepared. However, most quit attempts were made using the least effective methods. Future studies in a population of primarily African American patients should assess preparedness to quit and target prepared patients with more effective interventions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:26–32. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Hospitalists and intensivists: Partners in caring for the critically ill—The time has come
Authors: Heisler Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA report by the Committee on Manpower for Pulmonary and Critical Care Societies (COMPACCS), published in 2000, predicted that beginning in 2007 a gap between the demand and availability of intensivists in the United States would become apparent and steadily increase to 22% by 2020 and to 35% by 2030. Subsequent reports have reiterated those projections including a report to congress in 2006 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Health Resources and Services Administration. This “gap” has been called a health system “crisis” by multiple authors. Two important documents have published specific recommendations for how to resolve this crisis: the Framing Options for Critical Care in the United States (FOCCUS) Task Force Report in 2004 and the Prioritizing the Organization and Management of Intensive Care Services in the Unites States (PrOMIS) Conference Report in 2007. Since the initial COMPACCS report and since these 2 additional reports were published, a new opportunity to take a major step in resolving this crisis has emerged: the growing number of hospitalists providing critical care services at secondary and tertiary care facilities. According to the 2005/2006 Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) National Survey, that number has increased to 75%. Since the number of intensivists is unlikely to change significantly over the next 25 years, the question is no longer “if” hospitalists should be in the intensive care unit (ICU); rather the question is how to assure quality and improved clinical outcomes through enhanced collaboration between hospital medicine and critical care medicine. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:1–3. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Underutilization of evidence‐based strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism among trainees
Authors: Sharma Vibhu , Koczka Charles , Fischer Conrad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The knowledge and attitude of trainees toward the use of prediction rules in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is understudied. The extent of knowledge as far as imaging strategies in the setting of VTE and use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) among trainees is also understudied.METHODS:This was a cross‐sectional study; between October, 2006 and March, 2008, surveys were distributed at grand rounds and national medicine board review courses. Respondents returning completed surveys included 43 medicine attendings, 139 residents, and 134 medical students Emergency physicians were called at work and 46 completed an abbreviated version of the survey. Attending and trainee responses were compared.RESULTS:Over 60% of students and 40% of residents did not use any prediction rules. Most attendings (>60%) did not use a prediction rule. Among attendings, 48% of emergency physicians and 30% of medicine attendings felt that prediction rules were too complex to use. Knowledge about imaging techniques and diagnostic protocols for VTE were worse for students than for residents. A substantial minority of all respondents (17% of students, 12% of residents and 13% of medicine attendings) would not use LMWH in the therapy of non‐massive pulmonary embolism. In general, level of training did not translate into a greater proportion of correct responses to clinical scenarios or greater knowledge about imaging systems and strategies.CONCLUSION:Trainees do not use a structured approach to VTE diagnosis. LMWH therapy is underutilized by a large minority of trainees and attendings. A top‐down approach is needed to revitalize evidence‐based management of VTE. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E26–E30. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.