bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family psychoeducational interventions for schizophrenia in routine settings: impact on patients' clinical status and social functioning and on relatives' burden and resources
Authors: Magliano Lorenza , Fiorillo Andrea , Malangone Claudio , de Rosa Corrado , Favata Grazia , Sasso Annarita , Prezioso Monica , Pezzenati Laura , Gentile Floralba , Casale Lucetta , Bondi Emi , Test Giuseppina Robustelli , Di Lella Michele , Discussi Elisabetta , Degl'Innocenti Francesco , Bellini Rossella , Di Nunzio Rita , Matrella Lucia , Salmeri Rosa , Cantone Rosario , Gargiulo Luisa , Esposito Aniello , Delcuratolo Vincenzo , Giannini Maria , Maresca Luisa , Cavaliere Giovanna , Scandone Barbara , Folla Matteo , Raffaeli Mauro , Innocente Paola , Dagianti Flavia , Lucania Stefania , Scorsino Angela , Bardicchia Francesco , Cerullo Gennaro , Curreli Riccardo , Miscali Silvana , Scordato Mario , Campo Graziella , Maj Mario ,   Gruppo Di Lavoro
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYObjective — This study explored the effectiveness of a psychoeducational family intervention for schizophrenia on patients' clinical status and disability and relatives' burden and perceived support. Methods — The study has been carried out in 17 mental health centres. In each of them, 2 professionals were trained in a psychoeducational intervention and applied it for six months with families of users with schizophrenia. At baseline and six months later, patients' clinical status and disability, and relatives' burden, social network and professional support were assessed by validated tools. Results — Of the seventy-one recruited families, 48 (68%) completed the intervention. At six months, a significant improvement was found in patients' clinical status and social functioning, as well as in relatives' burden and social and professional support. In particular, the percentage of patients with poor or very poor global social functioning dropped from 50% to 27% at six months. Forty percent of patients and 45% of relatives reported a significant improvement in their social contacts over the intervention period. Conclusions — The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that psychoeducational family interventions may have a significant effect on social outcome and family burden in schizophrenia when provided in routine conditions.Declaration of Interest: none of the authors has had any interest or he/she has received any form of support, including that from drug companies and honoraria for lectures and consultancies, potentially in conflict with this scientific work. None of the authors has received any form of fee for his/her participation in this study. This study was supported by grants received from the “M. Lugli” Foundation (grant n. 2/18/8) and from the National Institute of Health, Italy (grant no. 1AL/F3).
Is the Mediterranean diet adequate to satisfy zinc requirements during adolescence?
Authors: Mesías Marta , Seiquer Isabel , Navarro M Pilar 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate Zn utilization and status among a sample of Spanish boys consuming a diet based on Mediterranean patterns.DesignDietary Zn balance was assessed by means of Zn intake in food and Zn output in faeces and urine as measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, biomarkers of Zn status were analysed.SettingProvince of Granada, Spain.SubjectsTwenty healthy male adolescents aged 11–14 years, selected based on medical questionnaire, physical examination and nutritional survey of food habits and lifestyle.ResultsMean Zn intake was 11·36 (se0·31) mg/d, 76% of the recommended value for Spanish adolescents. Zn absorption (2·53 (se0·55) mg/d) was close to the value of 3·0 mg/d required for the growth spurt. Zn status biomarkers and growth parameters were within the normal values for this age group.ConclusionsAlthough a diet based on Mediterranean patterns is associated with factors which can affect Zn absorption, such as high consumption of phytate, its consumption in adequate amounts allows Zn status to be maintained during adolescence. Due to the importance of Zn in preventing growth and behavioural disorders among adolescents, long-term intervention trials to investigate the suitability of the Mediterranean diet with respect to Zn requirements at this time of life are needed.
Uranium Microdistribution in Renal Cortex of Rats after Chronic Exposure: A Study by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Microscopy
Authors: Tessier Christine , Suhard David , Rebière François , Souidi Maâmar , Dublineau Isabelle , Agarande Michelle 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFor a few years, the biological effects on ecosystems and the public of the bioaccumulation of radionuclides in situations of chronic exposures have been studied. This work, in keeping with the ENVIRHOM French research program, presents the uranium microdistribution by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) technique in the renal cortex of rats following chronic exposure to this low level element in the drinking water (40 mg/L) as a function to exposure duration (6, 9, 12, and 18 months). The SIMS mass spectra and 238U+ ion images produced with a SIMS CAMECA 4F-E7 show the kinetic of uranium accumulation in the different structures of the kidney. For the rats contaminated up to 12 months, the radioelement is mainly fixed in the proximal tubules; then after 18 exposure months, uranium is detected in all the segments of the nephron. This work has also shown that ion microscopy is an analytical method to detect trace elements and give elemental cartography at the micrometer scale.
Global cloud height fluctuations measured by MISR on Terra from 2000 to 2010
Authors: Davies Roger , Molloy Matthew 
Published: January 2012

Self‐consistent stereo measurements by the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) on the Terra satellite yield a decrease in global effective cloud height over the decade from March 2000 to February 2010. The linear trend is −44 ± 22 m/decade and the interannual annual difference is −31 ± 11 m between the first and last years of the decade. The annual mean height is measured with a sampling error of 8 m, which is less than the observed interannual fluctuation in global cloud height for most years. A maximum departure from the 10‐year mean, of −80 ± 8 m, is observed towards the end of 2007. These height anomalies correlate well with the changes in the Southern Oscillation Index, with the effective height increasing over Indonesia and decreasing over the Central Pacific during the La Niña phase of the oscillation. After examining the net influence of Central Pacific/Indonesia heights on the global mean anomaly, we conclude that the integrated effects from outside these regions dominate the global mean height anomalies, confirming the existence of significant teleconnections.
Compression of Fe88.1Ni9.1S2.8 alloy up to the pressure of Earth's inner core
Authors: Sakai Takeshi , Ohtani Eiji , Kamada Seiji , Terasaki Hidenori , Hirao Naohisa 
Published: January 2012

Fe88.1Ni9.1S2.8 alloy was compressed up to 335 GPa, corresponding to the pressure at the Earth's inner core, and the hexagonal close‐packed structure was found to be stable. The axial (c/a) ratio gradually decreased with increasing pressure. A linear fit as a function of pressure gave c/a = 1.605(2)–6.1(9) × 10−5P for P in GPa. The compression curve of Fe88.1Ni9.1S2.8 alloy was expressed by the third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan equation of state, giving K0 = 167.0 ± 15.0 GPa, K0′ = 4.46 ± 0.14, and V0 = 22.93 ± 0.29 Å3. Our results indicate that the hcp Fe‐5 wt % Ni‐5.7 wt % S alloy can account for the density of the inner core at 328.9 GPa, assuming a linear relationship exists between the density and the nickel and sulfur content.
Interaction of ocean temperature advection, surface heat fluxes and sea ice in the marginal ice zone during the North Atlantic Oscillation in the 1990s: A modeling study
Authors: Ivanova Detelina P. , McClean Julie L. , Hunke Elizabeth C. 
Published: January 2012

A moderately fine‐resolution (0.4°, 40 vertical levels), global, coupled ice‐ocean model was configured and run for 24 years (1979–2002), forced with high‐frequency National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) atmospheric fluxes. The model consists of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program (POP) and sea ice model (CICE). The fidelity of the simulated mean climatological state and variability of key variables such as ice concentration, total ice area, ice thickness and drift were compared to observational data sets from satellite and ice drift buoy measurements. Basin‐scale changes in the lower atmosphere/surface ocean/sea‐ice in the simulated Arctic and Nordic Seas before and after the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase switch in 1995 were examined using winter composite analyses over the period 1990–1999. Ice cover changes between the two NAO phases were consistent with observations in that reduced concentrations were found in the Nordic and Barents Seas and increased values occurred in the Labrador Sea. Next we regionally evaluated the relative importance of winter anomalies of upper‐ocean mixed layer net heat fluxes and of ocean temperature advection on marginal ice zone variability in the Irminger, Greenland, and Barents Seas for this ten‐year period. We found that the net heat flux winter anomaly was at least four times more important than the winter anomaly of ocean temperature advection in the Greenland and Barents Seas, while it was twice as important in the Irminger Sea. The Ekman ocean temperature advection component generally dominated the geostrophic component in all three regions.
Possible evidence of paleomarsquakes from fallen boulder populations, Cerberus Fossae, Mars
Authors: Roberts Gerald P. , Matthews Brian , Bristow Chris , Guerrieri Luca , Vetterlein Joyce 
Published: January 2012

In order to differentiate between boulder avalanche deposits triggered by temperature/climate controlled melting of ice or triggered by ground shaking produced by paleomarsquakes, spatial variation in boulder size populations has been measured from High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images along Cerberus Fossae, one of the youngest fracture/graben systems on the Martian surface. The boulders have fallen from less than ∼500 m high fault‐controlled cliffs and rolled and bounced across relatively coarse‐grained sediment, forming colluvial fans. The boulders have left trails in the dust in some cases, coming to rest on relatively fine‐grained Aeolian sediment. The boulder size distribution varies along the graben contrary to what would be expected if boulder falls had been liberated by temperature/climate controlled melting of ice. Boulder size and boulder trail data peak close to the center of the fault system, decreasing along strike. Furthermore, evidence for relatively recent surface faulting of colluvial slopes along the fault‐controlled cliffs is confined to the area with anomalously large boulder/trail size data. We interpret the above as consistent with observations of terrestrial earthquake‐triggered boulder avalanches where boulder sizes decrease away from the epicenter and surface faulting. We discuss the implications of possible marsquakes along Cerberus Fossae in terms of active faulting associated with dike emplacement that is subradial to the Elysium Mons volcano.
Investigation of polymer electrolyte membrane chemical degradation and degradation mitigation using in situ fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Arges Christopher G. , Ramani Vijay 
Published: January 2012

A fluorescent molecular probe, 6-carboxy fluorescein, was used in conjunction with in situ fluorescence spectroscopy to facilitate real-time monitoring of degradation inducing reactive oxygen species within the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) of an operating PEM fuel cell. The key requirements of suitable molecular probes for in situ monitoring of ROS are presented. The utility of using free radical scavengers such as CeO
2
nanoparticles to mitigate reactive oxygen species induced PEM degradation was demonstrated. The addition of CeO
2
to uncatalyzed membranes resulted in close to 100% capture of ROS generated in situ within the PEM for a period of about 7 h and the incorporation of CeO
2
into the catalyzed membrane provided an eightfold reduction in ROS generation rate.
Herbivory in the Previous Generation Primes Plants for Enhanced Insect Resistance
Authors: Rasmann Sergio , De Vos Martin , Casteel Clare L. , Tian Donglan , Halitschke Rayko , Sun Joel Y. , Agrawal Anurag A. , Felton Gary W. , Jander Georg 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Inducible defenses, which provide enhanced resistance after initial attack, are nearly universal in plants. This defense signaling cascade is mediated by the synthesis, movement, and perception of jasmonic acid and related plant metabolites. To characterize the long-term persistence of plant immunity, we challenged Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with caterpillar herbivory, application of methyl jasmonate, or mechanical damage during vegetative growth and assessed plant resistance in subsequent generations. Here, we show that induced resistance was associated with transgenerational priming of jasmonic acid-dependent defense responses in both species, caused caterpillars to grow up to 50% smaller than on control plants, and persisted for two generations in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis mutants that are deficient in jasmonate perception (coronatine insensitive1) or in the biogenesis of small interfering RNA (dicer-like2 dicer-like3 dicer-like4 and nuclear RNA polymerase d2a nuclear RNA polymerase d2b) do not exhibit inherited resistance. The observation of inherited resistance in both the Brassicaceae and Solanaceae suggests that this trait may be more widely distributed in plants. Epigenetic resistance to herbivory thus represents a phenotypically plastic mechanism for enhanced defense across generations.
Arabidopsis VILLIN2 and VILLIN3 Are Required for the Generation of Thick Actin Filament Bundles and for Directional Organ Growth
Authors: van der Honing Hannie S. , Kieft Henk , Emons Anne Mie C. , Ketelaar Tijs 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn plant cells, actin filament bundles serve as tracks for myosin-dependent organelle movement and play a role in the organization of the cytoplasm. Although virtually all plant cells contain actin filament bundles, the role of the different actin-bundling proteins remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the actin-bundling protein villin in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We used Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines to generate a double mutant in which VILLIN2 (VLN2) and VLN3 transcripts are truncated. Leaves, stems, siliques, and roots of vln2 vln3 double mutant plants are twisted, which is caused by local differences in cell length. Microscopy analysis of the actin cytoskeleton showed that in these double mutant plants, thin actin filament bundles are more abundant while thick actin filament bundles are virtually absent. In contrast to full-length VLN3, truncated VLN3 lacking the headpiece region does not rescue the phenotype of the vln2 vln3 double mutant. Our results show that villin is involved in the generation of thick actin filament bundles in several cell types and suggest that these bundles are involved in the regulation of coordinated cell expansion.
Lumen Thiol Oxidoreductase1, a Disulfide Bond-Forming Catalyst, Is Required for the Assembly of Photosystem II inArabidopsis
Authors: Karamoko Mohamed , Cline Sara , Redding Kevin , Ruiz Natividad , Hamel Patrice P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHere, we identify Arabidopsis thaliana Lumen Thiol Oxidoreductase1 (LTO1) as a disulfide bond–forming enzyme in the thylakoid lumen. Using topological reporters in bacteria, we deduced a lumenal location for the redox active domains of the protein. LTO1 can partially substitute for the proteins catalyzing disulfide bond formation in the bacterial periplasm, which is topologically equivalent to the plastid lumen. An insertional mutation within the LTO1 promoter is associated with a severe photoautotrophic growth defect. Measurements of the photosynthetic activity indicate that the lto1 mutant displays a limitation in the electron flow from photosystem II (PSII). In accordance with these measurements, we noted a severe depletion of the structural subunits of PSII but no change in the accumulation of the cytochrome b 6 f complex or photosystem I. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, the thioredoxin-like domain of LTO1 interacts with PsbO, a lumenal PSII subunit known to be disulfide bonded, and a recombinant form of the molecule can introduce a disulfide bond in PsbO in vitro. The documentation of a sulfhydryl-oxidizing activity in the thylakoid lumen further underscores the importance of catalyzed thiol-disulfide chemistry for the biogenesis of the thylakoid compartment.
MDP25, A Novel Calcium Regulatory Protein, Mediates Hypocotyl Cell Elongation by Destabilizing Cortical Microtubules inArabidopsis
Authors: Li Jiejie , Wang Xianling , Qin Tao , Zhang Yan , Liu Xiaomin , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Yuan , Zhu Lei , Zhang Ziding , Yuan Ming , Mao Tonglin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe regulation of hypocotyl elongation is important for plant growth. Microtubules play a crucial role during hypocotyl cell elongation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. In this study, we describe a novel Arabidopsis thaliana microtubule-destabilizing protein 25 (MDP25) as a negative regulator of hypocotyl cell elongation. We found that MDP25 directly bound to and destabilized microtubules to enhance microtubule depolymerization in vitro. The seedlings of mdp25 mutant Arabidopsis lines had longer etiolated hypocotyls. In addition, MDP25 overexpression resulted in significant overall shortening of hypocotyl cells, which exhibited destabilized cortical microtubules and abnormal cortical microtubule orientation, suggesting that MDP25 plays a crucial role in the negative regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation. Although MDP25 localized to the plasma membrane under normal conditions, increased calcium levels in cells caused MDP25 to partially dissociate from the plasma membrane and move into the cytosol. Cellular MDP25 bound to and destabilized cortical microtubules, resulting in their reorientation, and subsequently inhibited hypocotyl cell elongation. Our results suggest that MDP25 exerts its function on cortical microtubules by responding to cytoplasmic calcium levels to mediate hypocotyl cell elongation.
Graduating nursing students’ perceived preparedness for working in critical care areas
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth J. , Salamonson Yenna , Raymond Debra , Knox Nicole 
Published: December 2011

halcomb e.j., salamonson y., raymond d. & knox n. (2012) Graduating nursing students perceived preparedness for working in critical care areas. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(10), 2229–2236.AbstractAims.  This article reports a study examining the relationships between undergraduate students’ demographics, educational preparation and clinical experience and their self reported preparedness for employment in critical care.Background.  Increasing demand for critical care services internationally, creates a need to grow the critical care nursing workforce. Limited data are available on factors affecting new graduate nurses’ career choices.Methods.  Final year nursing students from a multi‐campus Australian university were surveyed during 2009.Results.  Over half of the participants were interested in seeking employment in critical care following graduation. Main reasons for choosing critical care nursing were: (i) like varied and challenging work; (ii) opportunities for professional development; and (iii) like working one‐on‐one with patients. The main barriers identified by participants were related to the lack of knowledge and clinical skills required to work in critical care. Using the 9‐item Confidence and Interest in Critical Care Nursing scale, the study revealed that male participants and those who spent more than 1 week clinical placement in critical care were significantly more likely to report greater confidence and interest in seeking employment in critical care areas.Conclusions.  The value of placing nursing students in critical care areas for more than 1 week during undergraduate clinical placements is affirmed. Whilst most final year students report feeling prepared to work in critical care areas, the next step is to explore the transition of students as new graduates in critical care to identify professional and educational issues that impact on their retention.
Development of EST‐derived SSR markers in pea (Pisum sativum) and their potential utility for genetic mapping and transferability
Authors: Mishra Raghvendra K. , Gangadhar Baniekal H. , Nookaraju Akula , Kumar Sushil , Park Se W. 
Published: January 2012

With 1 figure and 3 tablesAbstractSimple sequence repeats (SSRs) derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are important resources for gene discovery and mapping. In this study, we developed EST‐based SSR (eSSRs) markers and assessed their ability in mapping and transferability. A total of 10 800 unigenes were detected from 18 522 pea EST sequences (December 2009). Screening of 10 800 unigenes by MISA (MIcroSAtellite) revealed 2612 (14.1%) eSSRs in 2395 (12.9%) SSR‐containing ESTs from which 577 (24.1%) primer pairs were designed. The most abundant repeat motif identified in eSSR was mononucleotide (85.2%), followed by trinucleotide (10.6%) and dinucleotide (2.8%). Among 108 randomly selected primer pairs, 40 were assessed for mapping and 68 to test cross‐species transferability in six leguminous species. Out of 40 primer pairs, 85% produced amplicons, 60% showed polymorphism and 47.5% were mapped. Furthermore, 68 primer pairs revealed high rate of transferability (48–85%) in leguminous species. High levels of polymorphism, reproducibility, presence of alleles (3.8/locus) and transferability revealed the potential use of these eSSR markers in molecular mapping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis and comparative mapping in pea and other legumes.
Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders
Authors: Yokoyama Teruhiko , Chancellor Michael B , Oguma Keiji , Yamamoto Yumiko , Suzuki Tomonori , Kumon Hiromi , Nagai Atsushi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMany papers report the clinical success of botulinum toxin A as a method of management of various bladder dysfunctions. The rationale was that botulinum toxin A was able to block the presynaptic release of acetylcholine from the parasympathetic efferent nerve. The efficacy might result not only from an inhibitory effect on detrusor muscle, but also some effects might be mediated by altering the afferent nerve input. This systematic literature review discusses the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin A therapy for idiopathic detrusor overactivity, neurogenic detrusor overactivity, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The information was gathered from a PubMed literature research for abstracts from recent urological meetings. Injection of botulinum toxin A appears to have a positive therapeutic effect in multiple urological conditions, such as refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity, neurogenic detrusor overactivity, interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Because the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved botulinum toxin A (Botox) for injection for the treatment of urinary incontinence as a result of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (e.g. spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis) in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of an ant cholinergic medication, the use of botulinum toxin A will spread and be a more familiar therapy in the urological arena. However, further robust evidence should be awaited. We will discuss the current use of this agent within the urological field.