bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano Ag loaded PVA nano‐fibrous mats for skin applications
Authors: Nguyen Thi‐Hiep , Kim Young‐Hee , Song Ho‐Yeon , Lee Byong‐Taek 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSilver nano‐particles (Ag NPs) loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electro‐spun fibers were fabricated using a combination of microwave‐heated and electro‐spinning methods for wound healing. A thermic process was then applied to resurface and increase the number of the Ag NPs on the surface of the PVA fiber. The diameter of the Ag NPs loaded electrospun PVA (PVA‐Ag) mats were between 100 and 500 nm after heat treatments at different temperatures. When samples were subjected to 60 s of microwave irradiation and 150°C heat treatment, the maximum number of 50–100 nm Ag NPs resurfaced on the PVA nano‐fiber. The nano mats significantly inhibited E. coli (gram‐positive) and S. aureus (gram‐negative) bacteria and displayed high mechanical stability (>45 MPa). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Conflict, education and the intergenerational transmission of poverty in Northern Uganda
Authors: Bird Kate , Higgins Kate , McKay Andy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between conflict, education and the intergenerational transmission of poverty in Northern Uganda using a Q‐squared approach, which combines and sequences qualitative and quantitative approaches. The focus is on whether people with education have greater resilience than those without during and following periods of conflict and insecurity. Findings include that conflict in Northern Uganda has resulted in chronic and intergenerational poverty, and that education supports resilience during and following periods of conflict and insecurity – it is a ‘portable’ asset of great value. The article concludes that education should be supported by governments and donors during and post‐conflict. This will support resilience during conflict, limiting the poverty impact of conflict on households and enabling a speedier post‐conflict recovery. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of polyolefin stabilizers and their degradation products
Authors: Reingruber Eva , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolymeric materials are complex samples, as they contain various groups of additives, compounding ingredients, and fillers. An important group of additives are stabilizers. Efficient stabilization is essential especially for polypropylene, as it is sensitive to oxidation and radical attack due to the numerous tertiary carbon atoms in its structure. How long a polymer will be sufficiently stabilized can be deduced from the contained amount of intact stabilizer. Different approaches for the analysis of stabilizers in polyolefins are available, which include sample preparation with subsequent chromatographic separation as well as direct analysis techniques. In round‐robin tests, stabilizer concentrations obtained varied strongly. This shows the demand for reliable and robust methods. Stabilizers get consumed while protecting the polymer and are then present as degradation products. They were observed while quantifying intact stabilizers, in migration studies, and – if volatile – in emission studies of polymers. Furthermore, e.g. interactions with other polymer ingredients or irradiation degraded stabilizers. The identification of degradation products provides a better insight into the reactions associated with stabilization. Their quantitation makes it possible to deduce the original level of stabilization. Furthermore, polymer ingredients degrading stabilizers can be identified. Knowledge on these interactions contributes significantly to improved polymer stabilization.
Bounded Immunity and Btt‐Reductions
Authors: Fenner Stephen , Schaefer Marcus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe define and study a new notion called k‐immunity that lies between immunity and hyperimmunity in strength. Our interest in k‐immunity is justified by the result that θ does not k‐tt reduce to a k‐immune set, which improves a previous result by Kobzev [7]. We apply the result to show that Φ′ does not btt‐reduce to MIN, the set of minimal programs. Other applications include the set of Kolmogorov random strings, and retraceable and regressive sets. We also give a new characterization of effectively simple sets and show that simple sets are not btt‐cuppable.
On Special Implicative Filters
Authors: Font Josep Maria 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn her well‐known book, Rasiowa states without proof that in implicative algebras there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between kernels of epimorphisms and the so‐called special implicative filters, and that in the logic whose algebraic counterpart is the class of implicative algebras the deductive filters coincide with the special implicative filters. We show that neither claim is true, and how to repair the situation by redefining some of the notions involved. We answer other questions concerning special implicative filters, taking the theory of algebraizable logics of Blok and Pigozzi as a framework to approach the question in a systematic way.
Nearly Model Complete Theories
Authors: Kueker David W. , Turnquist Brian P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA theory T of a language L is 1‐model complete (nearly model complete) iff for every formula ρ of L there is a formula ϕ (χ) of L which is a ∀∃‐formula (a Boolean combination of universal formulas) such that T ⊨ ∀x[ϕ↔θ]. The main results of the paper give characterizations of nearly model complete theories and of 1‐model complete theories. As a consequence we obtain that a theory T is nearly model complete iff whenever 𝔅 is a model of T and 𝔄⊆1𝔅, then T ∪ Δ1𝔄 is a complete L(A)‐theory, where Δ1𝔄 is the 1‐diagram of 𝔄. We also point out that our main results extend to (n + l)‐model complete and nearly ra‐model complete theories for all n > 0.
Fuzzy Galois Connections
Authors: Bêlohlávek Radim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe concept of Galois connection between power sets is generalized from the point of view of fuzzy logic. Studied is the case where the structure of truth values forms a complete residuated lattice. It is proved that fuzzy Galois connections are in one‐to‐one correspondence with binary fuzzy relations. A representation of fuzzy Galois connections by (classical) Galois connections is provided.
Ultrasound‐accelerated dehydrogenation of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene): efficient synthesis of poly(para‐phenylene)
Authors: Natori Itaru , Natori Shizue 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effect of ultrasonication on the dehydrogenation of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) with benzoquinones was examined with the aim of improving the rate of reaction at moderate temperature. The type of solvent and the ultrasound treatment strongly affected the dehydrogenation of PCHD. The rate of reaction of the dehydrogenation of PCHD with 2,3‐dichloro‐5, 6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) or 3,4,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,2‐(o)‐benzoquinone (TOQ) was markedly improved by the use of ultrasound, and poly(para‐phenylene) (PPP) and PPP–TOQ complex, respectively, were successfully obtained. The electron drift mobility for PPP was of the order of 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a negative slope, while that for PPP–TOQ complex was of the order of 10−3 to 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a negative slope. The dehydrogenation of PCHD with benzoquinones under ultrasonication is thus an effective method to obtain soluble PPP with a well‐defined polymer chain structure. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Resource usage in outpatient care and reimbursement for cystic fibrosis in Germany
Authors: Eidt‐Koch Daniela , Wagner Thomas O.F. , Mittendorf Thomas , Reimann Andreas , von der Schulenburg J.‐Matthias 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveObjective of this study is to assess and evaluate resource use in outpatient treatment in Germany and to compare it with remuneration.MethodsOutpatient treatment was evaluated in seven different centers for pediatric and adult CF patients. Data were recorded during one representative month in 2006. A micro‐costing approach was used to value resource use data.ResultsFor outpatient treatment mean costs (excluding drugs) of 488€ per patient per quarter occurred. Correlation analyses identified significant cost drivers including age and co‐morbidities (pancreatic insufficiency, hepatobiliary complications, lung function capacity, or bacterial lung colonization). Remuneration covered only 51% of the total costs (252€ per patient/quarter).ConclusionsAs the human resources available to these centers today are already below the requirements set by the European consensus for standards of CF care it will be important for a high level of patient care to reach a cost‐covering remuneration scheme. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:278–285. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excellent Si surface passivation by low temperature SiO2 using an ultrathin Al2O3 capping film
Authors: Dingemans G. , van de Sanden M. C. M. , Kessels W. M. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the application of an ultrathin aluminum oxide (Al2O3) capping film can improve the level of silicon surface passivation obtained by low‐temperature synthesized SiO2 profoundly. For such stacks, a very high level of surface passivation was achieved after annealing, with Seff < 2 cm/s for 3.5 Ω cm n‐type c‐Si. This can be attributed primarily to a low interface defect density (Dit < 1011 eV–1 cm–2). Consequently, the Al2O3 capping layer induced a high level of chemical passivation at the Si/SiO2 interface. Moreover, the stacks showed an exceptional stability during high‐temperature firing processes and therefore provide a low temperature (≤400 °C) alternative to thermally‐grown SiO2. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Domains and naïve theories
Authors: Gelman Susan A. , Noles Nicholaus S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHuman cognition entails domain‐specific cognitive processes that influence memory, attention, categorization, problem‐solving, reasoning, and knowledge organization. This article examines domain‐specific causal theories, which are of particular interest for permitting an examination of how knowledge structures change over time. We first describe the properties of commonsense theories, and how commonsense theories differ from scientific theories, illustrating with children's classification of biological and nonbiological kinds. We next consider the implications of domain‐specificity for broader issues regarding cognitive development and conceptual change. We then examine the extent to which domain‐specific theories interact, and how people reconcile competing causal frameworks. Future directions for research include examining how different content domains interact, the nature of theory change, the role of context (including culture, language, and social interaction) in inducing different frameworks, and the neural bases for domain‐specific reasoning.WIREs Cogni Sci2011 2 490–502 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.124This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Beanspruchung der allgemeinen, geschlossenen sowie auch offenen Kegelschale durch Belastung ihrer Spitze
Authors: Sonntag G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEs werden Bedingungsgleichungen zur Ermittlung der Spannungen in einer allgemeinen biegungsschlaffen Kegelschale abgeleitet für eine Belastung ihrer Spitze durch Kräfte und Momente.
Dr. Heinrich Blasius, Mechanik, Physikalische Grundlagen vom technischen Standpunkt; zweiter Teil: Elastizität und Festigkeit. VIII u. 230 S., in. 194 Abb. u. 64 Aufgaben. 3: Aufl.; unveränderter Abdruck der zweiten neubearbeiteten Auflage. Hamburg 1949. Verlag Boysen & Maasch. Preis brosch. 9,50 DM
Authors: Neuber  
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeuber.
Poissonsche Formeln für die Bimetallkugel
Authors: Jentsch L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Lösung des Dirichletschen Problems für die Laplace‐Gleichung im Kugelgebiet B+ und im Außengebiet B− der Kugel kann durch die Poissonschen Formeln dargestellt werden. Für das Neumannsche Problem in B+ und B− sind ebenfalls Formeln bekannt, die nach Neumann und Bjerknes benannt werden. Haben wir das Modell der stationären Wärmeleitung im Auge, ist B+ und entsprechend B− mittels einer Ebene durch den Kugelmittelpunkt in zwei Gebiete mit verschiedenen Wärmeleitfähigkeiten geteilt, dann kommen auf der Trennebene Transmissionsbedingungen hinzu. Für all diese Probleme werden Formeln vom Poisson‐Typ mit explizit angebbaren Poissonschen Kernen hergeleitet. Auch für die entsprechenden Probleme der Bimetallkreisscheibe werden die Poissonschen Formeln aufgestellt. Abschließend werden einige Ausführungen zum Dirichletschen Problem für die Bimetallkugel bei nichtidealem Wärmeübergang gemacht.
Liquid Oscillations in a Spherical System with Sliding Edges Bounded by Two Conical Solid Surfaces in Zero‐Gravity
Authors: Bauer H. F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEs werden die Eigenfrequenzen und gedämpften Frequenzen von annularen sphärischen Flüssigkeitssystemen, die von festen kegelförmigen Wänden begrenzt sind, untersucht. Dabei werden drei Fälle von Kontaktlinienbewegung behandelt: Die frei gleitende Kontaktlinie, die reibendgleitende und die verankerte Kontaktlinie. Die analytischen Ergebnisse werden auf den Halbkugeltropfen angewandt, wobei die Frequenzen zwischen denen der frei gleitenden und der verankerten Ergebnisse liegen. Für viskose Flüssigkeitssysteme gibt es außerdem eine Domäne, in der nur aperiodische Bewegungen möglich sind.
The Passing of Resonance Zones of a Piston in a Closed Tube
Authors: Steinrück H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn inviscid gas in a tube closed at one end is excited by a piston oscillating around a slowly changing mean position. The response of the gas is considered when the piston passes a resonance zone, that is when the eigenfrequency (as a function of the mean position) of the gas in the tube is close to the frequency of the oscillation. Employing an asymptotic analysis with respect to small Much numbers of the piston it is shown how shocks evolve and decay again as the piston passes the resonance zone.
Nonlinear Stability and Dynamic Buckling of Autonomous Dissipative Systems
Authors: Kounadis A. N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn analytical approach for the stability and the dynamic buckling response of multiple‐parameter dissipative systems described by autonomous differential equations is presented. Attention is focused on general imperfect structural systems with or without symmetric imperfections including statically stable systems which display also an unstable complementary path. The significance of the unstable (physcial or complementary) path, of the basin of attraction of stable equilibria, and of the inset and outset manifolds of a saddle on the dynamic buckling mechanism is comprehensively examined with the aid of basic theorems of local dynamic analysis. A contradiction between local and global dynamic analysis as well as cases of dynamic buckling with sensitivity to initial conditions and damping, discontinuity and metastability phenomena are also explored. Three simple dissipative systems of structural engineering importance are used as illustrative models.
Initial‐Boundary‐Value Stability Problem for the Blasius Boundary Layer
Authors: Brevdo Leonid 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDas lineare Anfangs‐Randwert‐Stabilitätsproblem für die zwei‐dimensionalen Störungen in der Blasiusschen Grenzschicht‐strömung wird mittels Fourier‐Laplace‐Transformation formal behandelt. Das resultierende inhomogene Randwertproblem für die Orr‐Sommerfeld‐Gleichung wird analytisch untersucht, wobei im Unendlichen der Grenzschicht die „Abstrahlbedingungen”︁ angewendet werden. Die fundamental Menge der Lösungen für das homogene Randwertproblem wird formal definiert, und das inhomogene Problem wird mittels der Variation der Parameter gelöst. Mit Hilfe dieser fundamentalen Menge zeigen wir, daß die Dispersionsrelations‐Funktion des Problems D(k, ω) die Gestalt D(k, ω) = P(k, ω) + k2 + iR(k‐ω)Q.(k, ω) hat, wobei Q(k, ω) und P(k, ω) analytische Funktionen von (k, ω) sind. Hier bezeichnet k die Wellenzahl, ω die Frequenz und R die Reynoldszahl. Aufgrund dessen wird ein einfacher Nachweis der Diskretheit des Eigenwertspektrums gegeben. Die Lösung des Anfangs‐Randwertproblems nimmt die Gestalt einer inversen Fourier‐Laplace‐Transformation der Lösung des inhomogenen Problems an. Diese Lösung wird in Brevdo [5] auf die Untersuchung der instabilen Wellenpakete in der Blasiusschen Grenzschichtströmung angewendet.
On the Reduced Basis Method
Authors: Barrett A. , Reddien G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Methode der reduzierten Basis wird verwendet, um den Umfang numerischer Probleme zu verringern. Dabei wird der Einfluß der getroffenen Wahl bei der Bestimmung der Anwendung einer Methode auf den Fehler diskutiert. Besondere Beachtung wird Wendepunkten und der Extrapolation geschenkt.
Three‐Dimensional Oscillatory Flow through a Porous Medium with Periodic Permeability
Authors: Singh K. D. , Verma G. N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Strömungsberechnung eines viskosen, inkompressiblen Fluids durch ein stark poröses Medium wird vorgestellt für den Fall, daß die freie Strömungsgeschwindigkeit zeitlich um einen konstanten Mittelwert, der von Null verschieden ist, oszilliert. Die Permeabilität des Mediums wird als periodisch angenommen, deshalb wird das Problem dreidimensional. Die Ausdrücke für die Übergangsgeschwindigkeit, die transversale Geschwindigkeitskomponente und die Wandschubspannung werden durch Reihenentwicklung erhalten. In der Diskussion wird deutlich, daß im porösen Medium die Ablösung stark behindert wird, trotz größerer Frequenz der Schwingungen der freien Strömung.
An Impact Problem for a Non‐Linear Elastic Membrane with Non Constant Boundary Conditions
Authors: Tait R. J. , Zhong J. L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit betrachten wir das Problem des Stoßes eines zylindrischen Objektes auf eine nichtlinear gespannte Membran für den Fall, daß die Rückstellkräfte berücksichtigt werden. Dies führt auf ein nichtkonstantes Randwertproblem. Verglichen werden die Ergebnisse mil dem linearen Problem und experimentellen Resultaten.
Simultaninvarianten bei Systemen zwei‐ und vierstufiger Tensoren
Authors: Betten J. , Helisch W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZu jedem System von Tensoren existiert nach Hilberts Theorem [1] eine Integritätsbasis, d.h. eine begrenzte Anzahl von Invarianten, derart, daß sich jede beliebige Invariante als ganze rationale Funktion der Elemente dieser Integritätsbasis darstellen läßt. Zu einer Integritätsbasis eines Systems von Tensoren gehören neben den Invarianten der einzelnen Tensoren auch Simultaninvarianten, d. h. Invarianten, die aus den Koordinaten mehrerer Tensoren gebildet werden. Im folgenden Aufsatz werden irreduzible Systeme von Simultaninvarianten för Tensoren zweiter und vierter Stufe im zwei‐, drei‐ und vierdimensionalen Raum aufgestellt und diskutiert.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for the Steady Deep Bénard Convection Problem
Authors: Charki Z. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Arbeit befaßt sich in erster Linie mit den stationären, tiefen Bénard‐Konvektionsgleichungen in einem begrenzten Gebiet. Die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit der Lösungen wird für die linearen und nichtlinearen Probleme nachgewiesen, die entweder homogenen oder nichthomogenen Randbedingungen unterliegen. Der Beweis beruht auf Abschätzungen für lineare Probleme in Verbindung mit einer Fixpunktbetrachtung.
Strong Converging Shock Waves in a Radiating Gas
Authors: Sharma V. D. , Ch. Radha 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStark implodierende Stoßwellen in ebenen und radialsymmetrischen Strömungen eines wärmestrahlenden Gases werden betrachtet. Das Gas in der Umgebung vor dem Stoß wird als inhomogen betrachtet, wobei die Dichte entsprechend einem Potenzgesetz von der Entfernung vom Zentrum der Implosion abhängt. Ähnlichkeitslösungen und der Zustand in Abhängigkeit vom Gasabsorptionskoeffizienten werden unter Verwendung der Methode der Invarianz der Lie‐Gruppe erhalten. Im Gegensatz zur Situation ohne Wärmestrahlung beinhaltet die Berücksichtigung von Strahlungseffekten eine Zwangsbedingung, welche für die Dynamik des Problems wichtig ist. Numerische Rechnungen sind durchgeführt worden, um die Werte des Selbstähnlichkeitsexponenten und der Profile der Strömungsvariablen zu bestimmen, hervorgerufen durch die Effekte der Wärmestrahlung und der Dichteschichtung.
Is Main Operating Room Sterility Really Necessary in Carpal Tunnel Surgery? A Multicenter Prospective Study of Minor Procedure Room Field Sterility Surgery
Authors: LeBlanc Martin R. , Lalonde Donald H. , Thoma Achilleas , Bell Mike , Wells Neil , Allen Murray , Chang Peter , McKee Daniel , Lalonde Jan 
Published: November 2010

Background Over 70% of Canadian carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) operations are performed outside of the main operating room (OR) with field sterility and surgeon-administered pure local anesthesia [LeBlanc et al., Hand 2 (4):173–8, 14 ]. Is main OR sterility necessary to avoid infection for this operation? This study evaluates the infection rate in carpal tunnel release (CTR) using minor procedure room field sterility. Methods This is a multicenter prospective study reporting the rate of infection in CTR performed in minor procedure room setting using field sterility. Field sterility means prepping of the hand with iodine or chlorhexidine, equivalent of a single drape, and a sterile tray with modest instruments. Sterile gloves and masks are used, but surgeons are not gowned. No prophylactic antibiotics are given. Results One thousand five hundred four consecutive CTS cases were collected from January 2008 to January 2010. Six superficial infections were reported and four of those patients received oral antibiotics. No deep postoperative wound infection was encountered, and no patient required admission to hospital, incision and drainage, or intravenous antibiotics. Conclusions A superficial infection rate of 0.4% and a deep infection rate of 0% following CTR using field sterility confirm the low incidence of postoperative wound infection using field sterility. This supports the safety and low incidence of postoperative wound infection in CTR using minor procedure field sterility without prophylactic antibiotics. The higher monetary and environmental costs of main OR sterility are not justified on the basis of infection for CTR cases.
Genetik und Epigenetik des Silver-Russell-Syndroms
Authors: Spengler S. , Begemann M. , Binder G. , Eggermann T. 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Das Silver-Russell-Syndrom (SRS) ist eine angeborene Imprintingerkrankung, die in erster Linie durch eine schwere intrauterine und postnatale Wachstumsretardierung, eine relative Makrozephalie, eine dreieckige Gesichtsform und/oder Asymmetrien des Körpers gekennzeichnet ist. Ein Nachweis (epi)genetischer Veränderungen ist mittlerweile bei etwa 50% der SRS-Patienten möglich: Bei 7–10% liegt eine maternale uniparentale Disomie des Chromosoms 7 (upd(7)mat) vor, bei weiteren etwa 40% der Patienten sind (epi)genetische Veränderungen in der chromosomalen Region 11p15 nachweisbar. In Ergänzung zu konventionell-zytogenetisch erhobenen Befunden erlaubt die molekulare Karyotypisierung zunehmend den Nachweis von submikroskopischen Chromosomenstörungen bei SRS-Patienten. Da es keine klare (Epi)genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation gibt und die variable Ausprägung der Symptome eine sichere Diagnosestellung erschwert, sollte auch bei Patienten, die nur eine Teilsymptomatik aufweisen, eine genetische Testung in Erwägung gezogen werden.