bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Original and Universal Screwdrivers in Terms of Torque Loss in the Abutment Screw
Authors: Alevizakos Vasilios , Achilles Nadine , Rahlf Björn , Jehn Philipp , Schiller Marcus 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine whether tightening or loosening the abutment screw results in torque loss and whether there is a difference in this respect between original screwdrivers and universal screwdrivers.

Materials and Methods:
For the purpose of the study, two groups were formed, with the original screwdriver used in group 1 and the universal screwdriver used in group 2. One Straumann implant and one BEGO implant were each inserted into a stationary torque transducer. The next step was to screw 13 abutments into each implant with 13 original abutment screws, using the screwdriver assigned to the group with the torque specified by the manufacturer. To establish whether the torque transmitted to the abutment screw via the screwdriver is also transmitted to the implant rather than causing deformation of the screw head or being transmitted to the surrounding area, the actual torque transmitted from the screw to the implant was measured and recorded electronically during the experiment.

Results:
There was no loss of torque in the transmission of the tightening torque to the Straumann implant with either screwdriver (P > 0.05). There was a loss of torque in the transmission of the tightening torque to the BEGO implant when using the universal screwdriver but not with the original screwdriver (P < 0.01). Relative to the previously applied tightening torque, a loss of torque when loosening the screw was found with both screwdrivers, both Straumann (P > 0.05) and BEGO (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Using universal screwdrivers can result in loss of torque. The loosening torque is thus decreased, which in turn increases the likelihood of complications such as screw loosening.
New onset adult asthma attributable to tuberculosis
Authors: Mehta Kundan , Balani Kiran A. , Sahasrabudhe Tushar R. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
In clinical practice, we encounter cases of bronchial asthma the onset of which correlates with past tuberculosis (TB), either pulmonary or extrapulmonary. Our study attempts to validate this observation and assess likelihood of new asthma that is attributable to TB.

Methods:
It was a single visit, cross-sectional study of persons who had TB within last 5 years (group 1). Preexisting asthma before TB, COPD cases, smokers, and persons with any active infective or diffuse lung diseases were excluded. Their spouse (group 2) and first-degree relatives (group 3) served as controls. All participants were subjected to detailed history, examination, and spirometry. Sample size was 225 (75 in each group).

Results:
About 62/75 participants in group 1 had intermittent or persistent symptoms suggesting obstructive airway disease that started within a year of TB diagnosis. Obstructive spirometry pattern was observed in 23/75 (30.6%) post-TB cases, compared to 6/75 (8%) in group 2 and 4/75 (5.33%) in group 3 participants. While, 11/75 (14.66%) post-TB cases in comparison to 7/150 (4.66%) controls were diagnosed as asthma after clinical correlation. About 24% of persons with post-TB lung scarring, 16% without lung scarring, and 4% with only extrapulmonary TB were diagnosed as asthma. Attributable risk for post-TB asthma was significant (0.1).

Conclusion:
This study suggests causative association between TB and asthma rather than just comorbidity. Further large-scale studies are warranted.
Correlation between Myocardial Iron Overload Detected by CMRT2* and Left Ventricular Function Assessed by Tissue Doppler Imaging in Patients with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Najimi Mehdi , Ghandi Yazdan , Mehrabi Sarvenaz , Eghbali Aziz , Habibi Danial 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Iron overload and cardiac dysfunctions are common complications in patients with thalassemia major (TM). Different imaging methods can be used to detect ventricular dysfunction in these patients. In this study, we aim to understand the value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in the detection of myocardial dysfunction in patients with TM who have been diagnosed with iron overload using cardiovascular magnetic resonance CMRT2*.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, fifty patients with TM diagnosed with iron overload who had no clinical signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction were chosen as a case group. The control group included fifty sex- and age-matched healthy participants without a history of cardiac and hematological diseases. TDI, pulsed wave Doppler (PWD), and standard echocardiography were performed to study the left ventricular function, and cardiac iron overload assessed by CMRT2*. Then, the patients with TM were divided into two subgroups and compared with each other. Group 1a includes individuals with T2* value <20 ms and group 1b T2* value >20 ms.

Results:
There was no significant difference between the standard echocardiography results and PWD parameters of the case and control groups; however, CMRT2* findings and TDI parameters were different between the case and control groups. CMRT2* findings also were not correlated with PWD parameters. In group 1a, CMRT2* findings were negatively correlated with age, E', A', early deceleration time, and isovolumetric relaxation time and positively correlated with E/E' ratio. Finally, PWD and TDI parameters were significantly different between the two subgroups.

Conclusion:
TDI can detect ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in earlier stages among patients with iron overload. It seems that TDI could detect abnormalities more accurately, and it is better to consider subclinical cardiac dysfunction in patients with even CMRT2* value of more than 20 ms and reevaluate them in future.
A Multimodality Imaging for Definition and Treatment Selection of Multiple Coronary Aneurysms: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Laterra Giulia , Mazzone Paolo , Rodi Giosofatto , Nicosia Antonino , Micari Antonio , Contarini Marco , Vizzari Giampiero 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 59-year-old woman, smoker, hypertensive, without a previous history of coronary artery disease referred several episodes of epigastric pain, after exercise electrocardiogram was referred to coronary angiography. It revealed extensive coronary calcification, with a suboccluded left anterior descending (LAD) and a calcified aneurysm of the right coronary artery (RCA), partially filled with thrombus. Coronary-computed tomography showed aneurysmal saccular dilatation of the proximal LAD entirely thrombosed with subocclusion, and a fusiform aneurysm in the proximal RCA, partially thrombosed. The patient was referred for surgical treatment. In our patient, congenital etiology of the aneurysms was unlikely, since the patient did not present congenital heart disease or known genetically inherited disorders. Among acquired aneurysms, the most common cause is represented by atherosclerosis. Other potential causes are connective tissue disorders, trauma, infections, iatrogenic, and Kawasaki syndrome. Usual complications include myocardial ischemia and infarction, embolism, rupture, fistulization, and thrombosis (clearly represented in our case). Current recommendations about management strategies of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) are focused on small case series and based on aneurysm’s location and morphology, patient’s characteristics, and clinical presentation. Medical treatment strategies include antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulant. Other therapeutical options are percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft. In our case, the heart team opted for surgical treatment due to the subocclusion of the proximal LAD and considering stable angina as admitting diagnosis. Moreover, the CAAs were placed in proximal segments, with a large amount of thrombus, so related with high risk for complications if PCI was performed.
Evaluation of Left Atrium/Left Atrial Appendage Function in Cases with Systemic Embolization in the Setting of Normal Transthoracic Echocardiography and Normal Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Samiei Niloufar , Ehsani Abdolali , Ghadrdoost Behshid , Behjati Mohaddeseh 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Various left atrium (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) anatomies and functions could be associated with embolic events.

Aims and Objectives:
We aimed to investigate the impact of variation in LAA and LA functions on the occurrence of systemic embolization in normal sinus rhythm and normal echocardiography findings.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed on 22 patients with documented peripheral emboli versus 32 control subjects.

Results:
LA area, LAA area, ejection fraction (EF) of LA/LAA, LAA velocity and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of LA walls, left ventricular diastolic function, and EF were determined. There were statistically significant differences between LAA area, LAA EF, TDI of lateral LA wall, and TDI of anterior LA wall in cases versus controls.

Conclusion:
Echocardiography findings in LAA and LA functions could help to identify high-risk patients for embolic events in normal sinus rhythm cases.
Assessing the Social Dimension of Health in Rural India: A Transverse Study
Authors: Arjaria Vibha , Mishra Badrinarayan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Social health will be formed with the help of a healthy family, a healthy and communicating society, an individual having basic knowledge of good and healthy living practices, an individual giving equal respect to all genders and each age group, and full utilization of his productive time with his own choice of work. Promoting health and active participation of people in social and civic behaviors is considered one of the indicators of youth development. The present study focuses on assessing the social health status of study participants in rural areas in terms of illiteracy, gender discrimination, unemployment, and substance abuse.

Objectives:
To assess the social health profile of the study population (illiteracy, unemployment, male gender preference, and domestic violence) and to associate the social health profile with the demographic profile of the study participants.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is a cross-sectional study done at the Rural Demographic Surveillance Site of the Native Institute. A total of 430 individuals in the 15–59 years age group, both male and female, were included in the study. Data are analyzed using percentage, proportion, mean, and standard deviation. The association between social health problems and demographic factors was estimated by confidence interval, significance level.

Results:
The most prevalent social health problem among the study participants was unemployment (45%), followed by illiteracy (43%), substance abuse (18%), domestic violence (11%), and attitudes favoring male gender preference (7%) in the descending order. On correlation analysis, illiteracy found to be associated with age, gender, marital status, family type, education, occupation, and socioeconomic status (SES). Male gender preference attitude is associated with age, marital status, education while domestic violence is associated with age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, and SES. Unemployment found to be associated with age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, and SES. Substance abuse is associated with age, gender, marital status, and type of family. On multivariate analysis, unemployment was found to be associated with gender, illiteracy was associated with age, gender, and type of family, substance abuse was found to be associated with age, gender, and education level, and attitudes favoring male gender preference were found to be associated with marital status, age, and education level.

Conclusion:
Various social health problems are prevalent in rural India, and these problems are not only associated with education level but also dependent on various other factors. A targeted approach can help reduce these problems and ultimately improve the social health status of rural populations.
Exploration of nasal drug delivery in Unani medicine: A review based on Unani pharmacopoeias
Authors: Naaz Farah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Nasal drug delivery has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential as a reliable and convenient route of administration in pharmaceuticals. This approach has historical roots in various traditional medical systems, including Unani medicine. The Unani system has a rich history of utilizing nasal drug delivery for its perceived benefits, such as efficient drug absorption, patient compliance, and targeted delivery to the brain. This systematic review aims to explore and analyze the nasal drug delivery approach documented in Unani Pharmacopoeias, shedding light on its principles, and applications in diverse clinical scenarios.

Methods:
The systematic review focused on exploring authoritative books of Unani Medicine, known as “Qarabadeens” or “Unani Pharmacopoeias.” Fourteen recognized books were examined, and keywords/dosage forms related to nasal drug delivery were searched. The literature search included identifying formulations used through the nasal route and categorizing them based on their physical states and clinical indications. The analysis involved eight selected books, and the findings were presented in a tabular format.

Results:
The review identified diverse nasal dosage forms in Unani medicine, including Shamūm, Lakhlakha, Sa‘ut, Ghāliya, Nashūq, ‘Aṭūs, Nafūkh, Bakhūr/Dhūnī, Qaṭūr, and Roghan. Among these, Shamūm, Lakhlakha, Sa‘ut, Ghāliya, Nashūq, and ‘Aṭūs were exclusively administered through intranasal routes. The analysis of clinical indications revealed a wide spectrum of applications, from neurological conditions to respiratory and cardiovascular issues.

Conclusion:
The Unani system exhibits a diverse array of nasal dosage forms with potential therapeutic applications. These formulations, rooted in classical manuscripts, offer advantages such as rapid drug absorption and systemic effects. The review emphasizes the need for further exploration of mechanistic intricacies, procedural standardization, and formulation optimization within the Unani framework. Nasal drug delivery in Unani medicine holds promise for enhanced patient care and represents a transformative phase in traditional medicine.
Therapeutic evaluation of Safoof-e-Pattharphori with Sharbat Bazoori Motadil in patients of renal stone
Authors: Rehman Fazlur , Ansari Mohammad Shakeel , Hamiduddin  
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Stone formation is one of the common urological disorders; the Unani system of medicine provides an immense treasure of single and compound formulations for the safe management of urolithiasis. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Unani medicine formulation Safoof-e-Pattharphori with Sharbat Bazoori Motadil in patients of Hasat-ul-Kulya (renal stone) as conservative treatment.

Materials and Methods:
This was a single-arm, open-labeled, pre and post without-control clinical trial entailing 30 diagnosed cases of Hasat-ul-Kulya (renal stone) up to 10 mm diagnosed by ultrasonography (USG), belonging to 18–65 years of age, either sex, and who had agreed to sign the informed consent form and follow up the protocol. The patients were exposed with Unani formulation, i.e., 5 g of Safoof-e-Pattharphori orally once daily with 50 ml of Sharbat Bazoori Motadil up to 45 days with three follow-ups. The assessments of subjective parameters were done at every 15th day of follow-up using an arbitrary scale. The assessments of objective parameters were carried out before and after the trial. The results were analyzed statistically using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student’s paired t-test (two-tailed), and proportion test.

Results:
The subjective parameters like pain in the abdomen showed significant relief with P < 0.001. Objective parameters such as USG abdomen showed significant results (P < 0.001). The size of the stone showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001). No significant adverse changes were observed in safety parameters during and after the trial.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that the Unani formulation Safoof-e-Pattharphori with Sharbat Bazoori Motadil is safe and effective in renal stone treatment.
Differentiating morphological features for look-alike medicinal crude drugs
Authors: Nagraj Suma , Wadud Abdul , Shamsi Shariq , Parveen Shaista 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Differentiation of similar-looking crude drugs when observed separately may, sometimes, be perplexing. Simple manual-based differentiation methods may be helpful in such case at the initial prospect.

Materials and Methods:
This study aimed at adding some new parameters to the existing methods for the identification and differentiation of crude drugs. This study included similar-looking leaves, roots and seeds/fruits, which were examined by organoleptic, macroscopic, and microscopic characters along with certain add-on parameters such as measurement of length at different points, the shape of the notch of a leaf, the distance between parallel veins, the angle made by the upper and lower end of roots, and sliding microscopy of seeds.

Results:
The findings proved helpful in the differentiation of similar-looking drugs by additional parameters.

Conclusion:
Add-on parameters may be used for other similar-looking drugs.
Normal Diameters of Extraocular Muscles: A Nigerian Retrospective Study
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Abadom Gloria Ebele , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Achapu Lawrence Chijioke , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The thickness of extraocular muscles (EOMs) is important in the management of several conditions associated with EOM enlargement. This study determined the normative values of EOM diameters in adult patients seen at a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
The study measured the thickness of the EOMs and the interzygomatic line (IZL) on brain images of 300 patients with non-orbital conditions (150 computed tomography [CT] and 150 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) archived in the radiological database of Delta State University Hospital, Nigeria, after ethical clearance. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) was used to obtain descriptive statistics and further compare the variables based on gender, age groups and laterality. The association between parameters was tested using Pearson’s correlation test. A probability value of <5% was considered significant.

Results:
The thickest muscles were the medial rectus (0.42 ± 0.08 cm) and superior muscle group (0.42 ± 0.33 cm) on CT and the inferior rectus (0.40 ± 0.08 cm) on MRI. The diameters were symmetrical with sexual dimorphism in the superior muscle group on CT, medial and lateral recti on MRI and sum of all EOMs on both imaging groups (P < 0.05). The superior muscle group and the sum of all EOMs showed significant age group variations and a positive correlation with age. We noted a positive correlation between each EOM diameter and the sum of all EOMs besides the IZL (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study offers normative data regarding EOMs that radiologists and ophthalmologists can use to diagnose disease conditions that cause EOM enlargement and further assess their response to treatment.
Assessment of Knowledge of Legal Provisions on Organ Donation and Transplantation amongst Healthcare Workers in Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adejumo Oludamilola Adebola , Adejumo Oluseyi Ademola , Ojo Olalekan Ezekiel , Edeki Imuetinyan Rashida , Ojo Olubukola Ayoola , Madubuko Roli Cynthia 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Advancements in the medical field have made organ transplantation an attractive treatment option for patients when indicated. Shortage of organs and commodification of organs are major challenges encountered in organ donation and transplantation. These could potentially breed unethical practices, if the process is not well regulated.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) on the legal provisions regulating organ donation and transplantation in Nigeria.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst physicians and nurses across Nigeria. Knowledge of legal provisions on organ donation and transplantation was assessed using a validated questionnaire that had 21 questions derived from the National Health Act. Each correctly answered question was given 1 point with a total obtainable score of 21 points. A score of ≥14 points was classified as good knowledge. P <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
A total of 836 physicians and nurses with a mean age of 37.61 ± 9.78 years participated in the study. Females and physicians constituted 53.3% and 62.9% of the respondents, respectively. The mean knowledge score of the respondents was 9.70 ± 2.91 points. Eighty-three (9.9%) respondents had a good knowledge score. There was a significantly higher proportion of male HCWs (P < 0.037) and older HCWs (P = 0.017) with good knowledge of legal provisions. On logistic regression, age was the only factor found to be associated with good knowledge of legal provision (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92; confidence interval: 1.33–11.59; P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The overall knowledge of legal provisions on organ donation and transplant was very poor amongst HCWs in Nigeria. There is a need to educate them on these provisions to curb unethical practices.
THE MANY FACES OF CYTOFLAVIN
Authors: Строков И.А. 
Published: June 2024

Цитофлавин – комплексный препарат, представляющий собой субстратную композицию из двух метаболитов – янтарной кислоты и рибоксина (инозина), и двух коферментов – рибофлавина (витамин В2) и никотинамида (витамин РР). Цитофлавин обладает антиоксидантным, антигипоксантным и энергообразующим действием. В статье приведен обзор клинических исследований, результаты которых подтверждают высокую эффективность препарата при назначении в комплексной терапии острых нарушений и хронических расстройств мозгового кровообращения, диабетической полиневропатии и синдрома диабетической стопы, а также при постковидном синдроме.
Cytoflavin is a complex drug, which is a substrate composition of two metabolites – succinic acid and riboxin (inosine), and two coenzymes – riboflavin (vitamin B2) and nicotinamide (vitamin PP). Cytoflavin has antioxidant, antihypoxic and energy-producing effects. The article provides an overview of clinical studies, the results of which confirm the high effectiveness of the drug when prescribed in the complex therapy of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders, diabetic polyneuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome, as well as post-Covid syndrome.