bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced molecular structure, thermal stability, and linear/nonlinear optical characteristics of chitosan/titanium dioxide nanocomposite films
Authors: Guirguis Osiris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study sought to fabricate and characterize novel nanocomposite films of chitosan and titanium dioxide in terms of molecular structure, thermal, and optical properties for usage in food packaging and optoelectronic applications. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed that TiO2-NPs interacted with chitosan and demonstrated good compatibility. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that increasing the concentration of TiO2-NPs improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The linear optical properties in the UV-Vis range (200–800 nm) were measured spectrophotometrically. Below 400 nm, the transmittance spectra of the nanocomposites show decreased degrees of transparency, indicating their capacity to entirely block UV-light transmission. Tauc's model was used to identify the types of electronic transitions in the samples. The single-oscillator model was utilized to investigate the dispersion energy and parameters. Nonlinear optical properties were also investigated. UV-Vis analysis revealed that increasing the concentration of TiO2-NPs from 0 to 12 wt% reduced the absorption edge from 2.716 to 2.043 eV, decreased the direct (3.282 to 2.798 eV) and indirect (2.417 to 1.581 eV) energy band gaps, increased the Urbach energy from 0.692 to 1.295 eV, decreased the dispersion energy from 11.324 to 5.621 eV, decreased the single oscillator energy from 6.308 to 5.393 eV, and improved the other linear and nonlinear parameters. The findings support the usage of CS/TiO2 nanocomposite films in the packaging industry and a variety of optical applications.
Advancing Educational Accessibility: The LangChain LLM Chatbot's Impact on Multimedia Syllabus-Based Learning
Authors: Micheal A. Annie , Prasanth Ashwin , TS Aswin , BL Krisha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A chatbot is a computer program using artificial intelligence to simulate conversation with users, providing information or performing tasks in natural language. Traditional chatbots in education help navigate course details, but often lack subtle understanding and context. The Large Language Model (LLM) model, computationally intensive and slower than Generative Pre-trained Transformer, generates answers solely from course material, limiting responses to user input. In our work we have proposed a chat history view option, a multimodal syllabus upload capability, improved querying capabilities, and the ability to recall past responses for enhanced performance. Our chatbot leverages the powerful LangChain LLM to overcome these limitations. Our research uses Lang Chain’s LLM to power AI-driven educational chatbots, analyzing course materials to tailor responses for personalized student learning. This paper delves into the design, architecture, and evaluation of this chatbot, showcasing its impact on engagement, comprehension, and accessibility, and ultimately paving the way for a future of universally inclusive education. Evaluations show our LLM-powered approach achieves high accuracy, generating clear, precise answers, exceeding the abilities of traditional educational chatbots.
Lone-pair activated ferroelectricity and stable charged domain wall in Bi monolayer
Authors: Lu Yunhao , zhong Shulin , Zhang Xuanlin , Gou Jian , Chen Lan , Wei Su-Huai , Yang Shengyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Ferroelectricity has been predicted in two-dimensional Group-Va elemental materials and confirmed in high-quality Bi monolayers by a recent experiment [Nature 617, 67 (2023)]. The origin of such elemental ferroelectricity is related to the spontaneous lattice distortion with atomic layer buckling. A surprising observation in experiment is the abundance of charged 180° head-to-head/tail-to-tail domain walls, distinct from conventional ferroelectrics, where the naturally occurring ferroelectric domain walls are mostly charge neutral. Here, we clarify the origin of this phenomenon. We find that distinct from conventional ferroelectrics, in such single-element ferroelectric monolayers, it is the strain energy rather than the electrostatic energy that dominates the energetics. This leads to intrinsically stable 180° charged domain walls. The orbital interaction and the lone-pair activation mechanism play a key role in this picture. We further predict and confirm experimentally that the most stable domain wall type can be switched from charged to neutral ones under small applied strain. Our work reveals a novel mechanism to generate polarization and stabilize intrinsic charged domain walls, which will shed light on potential applications of ferroelectronics based on charged domain walls.
TDP43 Interacts with MLH1 and MSH6 Proteins in A DNA Damage-Inducible Manner
Authors: Provasek Vincent E. , Kodavati Manohar , Kim Brandon , Mitra Joy , Hegde Muralidhar L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neuron. One aspect of the neuropathology involved in ALS includes increased genomic damage and impaired DNA repair capability. The TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43) has been associated with both sporadic and familial forms of ALS, and is typically observed as cytosolic mislocalization of protein aggregates, termed TDP43 proteinopathy. TDP43 is a ubiquitous RNA/DNA binding protein with functional implications in a wide range of disease processes, including the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). While TDP43 is widely known to regulate RNA metabolism, our lab has reported it also functions directly at the protein level to facilitate DNA repair. Here, we show that TDP43 protein interacts with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins MLH1 and MSH6 in a DNA damage-inducible manner. We utilized differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures to identify this inducible relationship using complimentary approaches of proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) assay. We observed that signals of TDP43 interaction with MLH1 and MSH6 increased significantly following a 2 hr treatment of 10μM methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylating agent used to induce MMR repair. Likewise, we observed this effect was abolished in cell lines treated with siRNA directed against TDP43. Finally, we demonstrated these protein interactions were significantly increased in lumbar spinal cord samples of ALS-affected patients compared to age-matched controls. These results will inform our future studies to understand the mechanisms and consequences of this TDP43-MMR interaction in the context of ALS affected neurons.
Optimization and modeling of solar photocatalytic degradation of raw textile wastewater dyes using green ZnO-ED NPs by RSM
Authors: Dihom Hussin , Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin , Al-Gheethi Adel , Mohamed Wan Afnizan Bin Wan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aims to optimize solar photocatalysis for textile wastewater using ZnO-ED NPs produced from Eleocharis dulcis (E. dulcis) by RSM. The maximum decolorization (87.34%) and COD removal (100%) were recorded at pH 7, time (60 min), ZnO-ED NPs dosage (2 g/L), and 10% of color concentrations with R2 coefficient of 0.78 at P &lt; 0.05. FESEM analysis showed the presence of granules with smaller diameters than the diameter of the granules before SPD. EDX analysis revealed the presence of impurities like copper (Cu). XRD analysis indicated the purity of ZnO-ED NPs after SPD. The results of an AFM analysis presented that agglomerations of ZnO-ED NPs were somewhat homogeneous in size, nature, and dispersion. According to the FTIR study, OH, CH, C=O, C=C, and C-O-C appear to be the primary functional groups of ZnO NPs that contributed to SPD. ZnO-ED NPs' increased surface roughness was seen in their Raman spectra. Aromatic intermediates were produced, like aromatic amines or phenolic compounds, and led to the complete conversion of CO2 and H2O. These results indicated that ZnO-ED NPs play an important role in raw textile wastewater treatment and the possibility of reusability of ZnO-ED NPs over four different cycles.
Evaluation of five gridded precipitation products for estimating precipitation and drought over Yobe, Nigeria
Authors: Dawa Sidi Yusuf , Tan Mou Leong , Samat Narimah , Roy Ranjan , Zhang Fei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Ground observations are often considered as the most reliable and precise source of precipitation data. However, long-term precipitation data from ground observations are lacking in many parts of the world. Gridded precipitation products (GPPs) therefore have emerged as crucial alternatives to ground observations, but it is essential to assess their capability to accurately replicate precipitation patterns. This study aims to evaluate the performance of five GPPs, NASA POWER, TerraClimate, Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Climate Data (CHIRPS), GPCC, and Climate Research Unit (CRU), in capturing precipitation and drought patterns from 1981 to 2021 in Yobe, Nigeria. The results indicate that GPCC had good performance at both monthly and annual scales, with high correlation coefficients and low error values. However, it tends to underestimate precipitation amounts in certain areas. Other products also exhibit satisfactory performance with moderate correlations with ground observations. Drought analysis indicates that GPCC outperforms other products in standardised precipitation index-6 calculations, while NASA POWER demonstrates inconsistencies with ground observations, particularly during the early 1980s and mid-2000s. In conclusion, GPCC is the most preferable GPP for precipitation and drought analysis in the Yobe State in Nigeria.
Toward a water-sensitive precinct with stormwater harvesting: a case study in South Africa
Authors: Mogano Malesela Michael , Okedi John 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The study assessed static management, i.e., without planned periodic maintenance of the storage (no sediment dredging) denoted as SC1, or with maintenance denoted as SC2. The second approach was dynamic management based on applying Real-Time Control (RTC) techniques to scenario SC1 and scenario SC2 denoted as RTC-1 and RTC-2, respectively. The dynamic management of the UCT dam with RTC-1 and RTC-2 approaches increase yield by 2.1 and 1.1 ml, respectively. Additionally, RTC-1 and RTC-2 approaches increase volumetric reliability by 5.3 and 2.5%, respectively, while maintaining the required level of service of a stormwater harvesting system. SC1 and SC2 results in water savings of up to 21.15 and 21.45 ZAR/kl, respectively, while RTC-1 and RTC-2 could save up to 19.35 and 19.45 ZAR/kl. Thus, static configurations results in water savings approximately 9% in comparison to RTC. In addition, static configurations harvested stormwater at a relatively lowest unit cost in comparison to RTC configurations. Notwithstanding this finding, the RTC system exhibits a great potential in reshaping the stormwater harvesting system to simultaneously deliver water conservation and stormwater management.
Ribosomal DNA and Neurological Disorders
Authors: Zhou Hong , Xia Yuqing , Zhu Rui , Zhang Yuemei , Zhang Xinming , Zhang Yongjian , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is important in the nucleolus and nuclear
organization of human cells. Defective rDNA repeat maintenance has been reported to
be closely associated with neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease,
Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
frontotemporal dementia, depression, suicide, etc. However, there has not been a
comprehensive review on the role of rDNA in these disorders. In this review, we have
summarized the role of rDNA in major neurological disorders to sort out the correlation
between rDNA and neurological diseases and provided insights for therapy with rDNA
as a target.
Why Do Investors Rely on Low-Quality Investment Advice? Experimental Evidence from Social Media Platforms
Authors: Kadous Kathryn , Mercer Molly , Zhou Yuepin 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the results of a series of experiments showing that individual investors rely on low-quality investment advice from social media platforms, especially when the advice is negative. Our results also suggest reasons for investors’ reliance. Some investors believe that they should rely on the advice, suggesting that reliance on low-quality advice is sometimes due to a lack of knowledge about the advice’s predictive value. However, low-quality advice influences investment judgments even among investors who believe they should not and did not rely on the advice. This unintentional reliance on low-quality advice stems from a tendency to automatically accept information when it is initially provided. Prompting investors to consider the credibility of their information sources before they view low-quality advice reduces the advice’s influence. Our findings suggest that regulators interested in reducing investors’ reliance on low-quality advice should augment knowledge-oriented education with process-oriented interventions.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
JEL Classifications: D83; D91; G41; M41.
Does the Expanded Audit Report Enhance the Efficient Use of Accounting Information?
Authors: Li Kuei-Fu , Liao Yi-Ping 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
This study proposes that information on key audit matters (KAMs) improves investors’ ability to efficiently understand the valuation implications of accruals, and thereby mitigate the accrual anomaly, and demonstrates supporting evidence based on a sample of Taiwanese public firms. In addition, in the post-adoption period, we find that both account- and entity-level KAMs reduce accrual anomaly. The overpricing of accruals is less pronounced if the number of KAMs is greater or KAMs relate to accounts with low accrual reliability. Our evidence should be of interest to regulators and investors, as it suggests that the expanded audit report enhances the efficient use of accounting information.
JEL Classifications: M41.
Market Access and Retail Investment Performance
Authors: deHaan Ed , Glover Andrew 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We examine the effects of stock market access, and in particular trading hours, on retail investment performance. Using discontinuities around time zone borders, we find that plausibly exogenous decreases in waking trading hours are associated with meaningful increases in retail investors’ capital gains, as reported on tax returns for the U.S. population. Our results indicate that limiting trading hours curbs active retail trading, leading to improvements in portfolio performance. Our findings identify one negative effect of decreasing barriers to entry for retail investors in trading markets.
JEL Classifications: M41; M48; G40; G51.
Hemoglobin A1c Trajectories During Pregnancy and Adverse Outcomes in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish National Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Koefoed Anna S. , Knorr Sine , Fuglsang Jens , Leth-Møller Magnus , Hulman Adam , Jensen Dorte M. , Andersen Lise Lotte T. , Rosbach A. Emilie , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Sørensen Anne , Christensen Trine T. , McIntyre H. David , Ovesen Per , Kampmann Ulla 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
To identify and characterize groups of pregnant women with type 2 diabetes with distinct hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories across gestation and to examine the association with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a retrospective Danish national cohort study including all singleton pregnancies in women with type 2 diabetes, giving birth to a liveborn infant, between 2004 and 2019. HbA1c trajectories were identified using latent class linear mixed-model analysis. Associations with adverse outcomes were examined with logistic regression models.

RESULTS
A total of 1,129 pregnancies were included. Three HbA1c trajectory groups were identified and named according to the glycemic control in early pregnancy (good, 59%; moderate, 32%; and poor, 9%). According to the model, all groups attained an estimated HbA1c &lt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol) during pregnancy, with no differences between groups in the 3rd trimester. Women with poor glycemic control in early pregnancy had lower odds of having an infant with large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birth weight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.57, 95% CI 0.40–0.83), and higher odds of having an infant with small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth weight (aOR 2.49, 95% CI 2.00–3.10) and congenital malformation (CM) (aOR 4.60 95% CI 3.39–6.26) compared with women with good glycemic control. There was no evidence of a difference in odds of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and caesarean section between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Women with poor glycemic control in early pregnancy have lower odds of having an infant with LGA birth weight, but higher odds of having an infant with SGA birth weight and CM.
Sensitivity of transport object control quality for measuring the inaccuracy of state variables
Authors: Lisowski Józef 
Published: May 2024

This work analyzes the sensitivity functions and optimum control of a transport and logistics process model. It explains the fundamental model of controlling safe ship movement as a differential game, and optimizing control algorithms through multi-matrix game and multi-stage positioning game. The sensitivity features for controlling safe ship in actual collision scenario are described in relation to inaccurate information of process position and variations in its varables, based on the determination of computer simulation algorithms in Matlab/Simulink software.
Construction of Incentive Mechanism for Students’ Independent Learning Based on Flipped Classroom Context in the Context of Informatization
Authors: Qian Jibing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of information technology has prompted the innovation of the education model, in which the flipped classroom, as a new type of teaching mode, reconfigures the structure of traditional classroom teaching and emphasizes the students’ leading position in the learning process. In this context, cultivating students’ independent learning skills is fundamental, but motivating students to learn independently has become a significant challenge for educators. This study explores the motivation mechanism of students’ independent learning based on the flipped classroom model in the context of informationization only to provide theoretical and practical support for improving students’ independent learning ability. The theoretical framework of independent learning incentives is defined through a literature review and empirical research methods, and a series of incentives are designed and implemented in this study. The study collected data from 300 students, and by comparing the assessment results of independent learning ability between the experimental group and the control group before and after the implementation of the incentive mechanism, it was found that the students in the experimental group had improved their independent learning ability, in which the average time of independent learning had increased by 15%. The effectiveness of learning had been improved by 20%. Effective incentive mechanisms can better enhance students’ independent learning ability, and it is recommended that educators adopt the incentive mechanism constructed in this study in flipped classroom teaching to promote the improvement of students’ independent learning ability.
Exploration and Research on Chinese Culture in University English Translation Teaching in the Background of Internet+
Authors: Gu Xiaoying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Under the background of Internet+, for the problems of high comprehension difficulty and inaccurate translation in university English translation teaching, this paper proposes the skeleton knowledge translation model to assist university English translation teaching that integrates Chinese culture. Starting from the objectives of university English translation teaching, Chinese culture is explored in university English translation materials to complete the design of university English translation teaching that integrates Chinese culture. Propose the application of Internet technology in the above teaching design, utilize the IBM word alignment model and TF-IDF similarity to preprocess the university English translation textbooks, and on the basis of preprocessing, estimate the probability and decode the generated phrase pairs, and then complete the construction of the English translation model based on skeleton knowledge. The English translation model’s performance analysis is carried out using skeleton knowledge after determining the data set and evaluation criteria. The results show that for the whole 400 000 batch training, the training time of the English translation model based on skeleton knowledge is about one-fifth less than that of the unsupervised neural machine translation model, indicating that with the increase of the number of rounds, the performance of the English translation model based on skeleton knowledge is also better. This study serves as a guide for exploring and researching Chinese culture in university English translation teaching and promotes the development of university English translation teaching in colleges and universities.
Unsteady Flow Characteristics in a Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Li Yanzhao , Hou Hongjuan , Wang Leilei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The geometry of the vortex shell significantly affects the non-axisymmetric flow in centrifugal compressors. This study explores the static pressure characteristics of the vortex shell through experimental data and numerical analysis using finite element software. Findings indicate that the vortex tongue region critically influences the cascade structure. At high flow rates (0.40 kg/s), flow field parameters at the blade and vortex shell inlets alter markedly near the tongue side. Conversely, at lower velocities (0.26 kg/s), flow distribution at the blade inlet becomes more uneven, and changes in the inflow angle are more pronounced. Additionally, blade pulsation intensifies at higher velocities, and the jet wake vortex exhibits structural variations at different velocities. High-pressure fluctuations are notably transmitted upwards through the vortex shell, with periodic fluctuations affecting the impeller load. These changes significantly impact the flow field under various operating conditions.
An Empirical Study on Convergent Teaching of Academic English and General English in the Internet Era
Authors: Song Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we first use Hamming distance to mine students’ English achievement, construct the data matrix to get the English achievement, and analyze the standard deviation of each row and column in the matrix to get the similarity and the degree of dispersion among the students’ accomplishments. The BGLL algorithm is used to analyze achievement data by clustering. The modularity of the data calculated by clustering is applied to the weighted graph to obtain the results of achievement clustering analysis. By analyzing the effect of the fusion teaching mode of academic English and general English after practice, it was found that the English reading and speaking scores of the students in the experimental class improved significantly. There was a significant difference between the reading posttest scores of the experimental class and those of the control class (p =0.002<0. 05), with a difference of nearly 10 points in the average scores. The student’s awareness score of the importance of English learning after teaching practice reached 4.308, the attitude score of English learning motivation averaged about 3.192, and the student’s knowledge and understanding of English teaching objectives were also more precise, with a mean value of 3.399. The application effect of the integrated English teaching model proposed in this paper is excellent, which lays the foundation for the integrated teaching of academic English and general English, and also provides reference data for the application of the teaching model in the future.