bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2-S9.09 Help me understand your lab results: “an exploratory, qualitative study of discordance between biologic and self-reported measures of semen exposure in Jamaica”
Authors: Bailey A , Snead M , Costenbader E , Townsend M , Anderson C , Warner L , Kong T Hylton- , Steiner M 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundSelf-reported survey data on sexual behaviours have limitations which biological measures can complement. We assessed the feasibility of using qualitative interviews to understand discordance between a biological marker of semen exposure and self-reported sexual behaviours among women enrolled in a trial of STI counselling messages. We also investigated reasons women did not follow counselling messages.MethodsData are from the ACME (Assessing Counselling Message Effectiveness) study. Women age >18 years treated for infection at a Jamaica STI clinic were randomly assigned to receive counselling messages to: (1) abstain from sex or (2) abstain but use a condom if they did have sex, during a 6-day treatment period. At follow-up, women reported sexual behaviours in the last 3 days in a quantitative survey and consented to testing for recent semen exposure using a rapid, on-site test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Individual, qualitative interviews were subsequently conducted with a purposive sample of 17 PSA positive women, ten who did not report unprotected sex in the survey (discordant) and seven who did (concordant). Interviewers asked about recent sexual behaviour, sexual partners, counselling messages, and how they may have been exposed to semen. We analysed interview transcripts to assess whether discordance could be explained and to identify reasons counselling messages were not followed.ResultsFrom 8/10 to date, 262 participants completed the ACME trial. Of the 10 qualitative interview participants whose PSA and survey results were discordant, five had reported condom use and five reported abstinence. Interviewers asked these women directly about the inconsistency. This approach variably elicited little concern, discomfort, plausible and implausible explanations from participants. Three condom users and one abstinent participant gave likely reasons for semen exposure, while positive PSA results for two condom users and four abstinent participants remained unexplained. Main reasons given by participants with concordant results for having unprotected sex despite counselling messages were: wanting to please partner, delaying the start of treatment, and not being regular condom users with their partner.ConclusionsInterviewing women about inconsistencies between their self-reported and biologic data are feasible in this context and yielded information for improving future self-reported surveys and understanding the primary study outcomes.
P2-S9.13 African- and Mexican-American adolescent women with sti and a history of abuse: biological outcome of a randomised trial of behavioural intervention
Authors: Champion J D , Collins J 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundTo implement a randomised trial of a risk-reduction intervention consisting of small group sessions, individual counselling and support groups for African- and Mexican-American adolescent women with STI and abuse history and evaluate the effects of the intervention model vs enhanced counselling for this group on STI at 6 and 12 month follow-up.MethodsMexican- and African-American adolescent women (n=409, 13–18 years) with STI and a history of abuse (physical, psychological, sexual) were recruited from public-health clinics in a metropolitan area of the USA. Following enrolment participants received targeted physical exams including contraception counselling and interviews including assessments for abuse, sexual risk behaviour, substance use, contraceptive use and STI. Participants were encouraged to return for unscheduled visits as needed for counselling or suspected STI or pregnancy. Scheduled follow-up rates at 6 (93%) and 12 (93%) months were high Participation in risk-reduction interventions was also high (92%). Surveillance for STI and pregnancy at off-site clinic visits was conducted and documented throughout the study.ResultsAt study entry, participants reported sexual (58.9%), physical (76.8%) and psychological (82.4%) abuse histories, ever pregnant (45%), currently pregnant (18.7%), ever used birth control (29.9%), currently in school (63.2%), previous arrest (56.2%), home runaway (54.5%), any substance use (94.1%) including marijuana (82.6%), heroin (13.4%), cigarettes (74.6%), alcohol (77.5%), cocaine (41.1%) and benzodiazepine (45%); forced sex (29.1%), sex when high/out of control (13.9%), sex with friends for benefits (36.2%), steady partner in last 3 months (77.4%) however off and on (31.4%). More workshop vs control group participants reported physical abuse (82.9% vs 71.0%), home runaway (63.1% vs 46.4%), cigarettes (78.9% vs 70.5%) and alcohol use (81.4% vs 73.8%). More control group participants were currently in school (68.1% vs 58.1%) and had used condoms (95.3% vs 86.4%). These variables plus age/ethnicity were initially included in the regression model for analysis of data from 0 to 6 and 0–12 month follow-ups. Fewer STI re-infections for intervention vs control group participants at each study interval were identified; physical abuse and substance use remained in the model.ConclusionsBehavioral interventions may reduce of STI among African-and Mexican-American adolescent women with STI and a history of abuse.
P1-S1.04 The pattern of STI burden in the Central Region of Russia: chlamydiosis vs trichomoniasis. Which one is the leader?
Authors: Ivanova T , Anisimova N , Guschin A , Simonova E 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundInfections caused byChlamydia trachomatis(CT) are proved to lead to such dramatic complications as PID and infertility. That means that CT prevalence control is essential for arranging prophylactic actions. Official statistics claim trichomoniasis to be the most prevalent STI in Russia. For example, the amount of registered TV infections in 2009 was 1.8 times higher than the CT counts. Taking into consideration the absence of CT screening programs among general population along with the use of low sensitivity diagnostic tests (microscopy, DIF), it is reasonable to suppose that the real prevalence proportions are distinct from the official data. In this connection the aim of this study was to evaluate the STI prevalence pattern in a population sampling.MethodsThis study included patients attending STD departments of outpatient clinics of Moscow region from 2004 to 2010. Total amount—190 975 patients. For the evaluation of the STIs prevalence correlation samples from these patients we tested simultaneously for CT, GC and TV by PCR.ResultsIn 2004 a total of 23 (0.86%) (95% CI 13 to 32) TV positive results were obtained; 158 (5.89%) (95% CI 133 to 182) CT positive; infection proportion was 1:6.8 (p=0.05). In 2010 a total of 577 (1.1%) (95% CI 522 to 622) TV positive results were obtained; 2886 (5.52%) (95% CI 2771 to 2980) CT positive; infection proportion was 1:5 (p=0.05). Annually this proportion did not vary dramatically and was no lower than 1:5 (p<0.05). No significant diversity in the rates of TV and GC detection was observed except for 2009, when 521 (1.22%) (95% CI 473 to 562) tested positively for TV; 364 (0.85%) (95% CI 323 to 396) for GC, infection proportion was 1:1.4 (p=0.05) see Abstract P1-S1.04 Figure 1.Abstract P1-S1.04 Figure 1Prevalence ofChlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Trichomonas vaginalis2004–2010.ConclusionsThis study shows that during the period 2004–2010 in a homogenous settings CT rates detected by sensitive methods were five or more times higher than TV rates. This might be an evidence of high CT prevalence and inappropriate official statistical recording of these infections in Russia.
P3-S1.03 Mixed infections in women with Chlamydial genital infection
Authors: Kasymov A , Kasymov O 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundTo study the prevalence and structure of mixed infection in women with Chlamydial genital infection.MethodsThe object of research was 80 women revealed to have Chlamydial genital infection. Age varied from 16 to 47 making in average 24.2+1.6. 37 (46.3%) women of 80 patients needed medical care due to complaints, 36 (45%) women were examined due to inflammatory process in sexual partner (husband), in 7 (8.7%) cases clamidiosis was revealed during the small pelvis surgery. During the examination 23 (28.8%) patients did not complain, other patients (71.2%) complained of lower abdominal pains (45%), itching or discomfort in urethra (31.3%), pathologic discharge from genital tracts (38.7%), colic when urinating (22.5%), infertility (11.3%), menstrual abnormalities (3.7%), periodic raise of temperature (2.5%).ResultsComplex bacteriological research showed that only 28 (35%) women had Chlamydial genital infection as a monoinfection, in other cases the inflammatory process was caused by mixed-infection. By comparison of clinical data with the results of bacteriological investigation it was concluded that only 34 (42.5%) women of all undergone the examination had the combination of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria, 28 (35%)—association of aerobes and anaerobes, 9 (11.3%)—pathogenic bacteria and fungi of Candida genus, 2 (2.5%)—conditionally pathogenic fungi. 29 (36.3%) women had the mixed infection as combination of two infections (C trachomatis+1 agent), 23 (28.7%)—three and more infections. As the accompanying infectionU urealyticumwas the most common—in 20 (25%) patients with Chlamydial genital infection,T vaginalis—in 19 (23.8%),N gonnorhea—in 13 (16.3%),S aureus—in 10 (12.5%),C albicans—in 9 (11.3%),M hominis—7 (8.7%),G vaginalis—6 (7.5%).
P3-S1.09 Validation of cobas®4800 HPV and CT/NG test in clinical samples
Authors: Basaras M , Arrese E , Andia D , Hernaez S , Esteban V , Camara M , Cisterna R 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundRoche cobas® 4800 system performs sample preparation, real-time PCR amplification and detection using an internal control in a single tube. The cobas® 4800 human papillomavirus (HPV) test is a multiplex assay that can detect HPV 16, HPV 18 and 12 other high-risk (12-HR) carcinogenic HPV genotypes. We compared this HPV test with the Linear Array (LA) HPV genotyping assay (Roche Molecular System). Therefore, this system can simultaneously detectChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) in urine and swab specimens, and it was evaluated and compared with routine techniques in our clinical laboratory.Methods462 clinical samples collected in PresevCyt® liquid media were used for the HPV test study and compared using cobas® 4800 HPV test and LA-HPV. There were also included 688 clinical samples for CT and NG testing (206 urine samples only and 241 urine and swab specimens respectively) and compared with a real-time PCR assay for CT and bacteria culture for NG.ResultsFor the HPV analysis, 439 out of 462 samples examined (95%) showed positive (160 cases) and negative (302 cases) concordat results; the remaining 3 (0.65%) were invalid by the cobas® 4800 system. The positive samples were distributed: 26 samples of HPV 16, 4 of HPV 18, 110 of 12-HR and 20 samples with mixed infection (15 were 12-HR+HPV 16, four 12-HR+HPV 18 and one HPV 16+18). For CT/NG total analysis, there were only three invalid samples (0.43%) and only 4 (0.58%) discordant results. For the 206 urine samples, there were 19 CT positive, eight NG positive and two mixed CT and NG infections. These positive samples were from male with Chlamydia contact, urethritis and persons who was to STI control. For urine and swab specimens (241 of each), there were a total correlation between both types of samples. In total, there were 5% of positive samples corresponding to 13 CT positive, two NG positive and four mixed CT and NG infections. These positive samples presented clinical manifestations as urethitis or were women to get in touch with Chlamydia infected person.Conclusionsthe cobas® 4800 system is an easy system for cervical HPV screening and to detect simultaneously CT and NG in a single tube. These test and our lab techniques correlated well in this analysis. Moreover, in the case of CT/NG test the correlation between urine and swab specimens was total, therefore to use urine as clinical sample to detect these two bacteria could be easier than to use swab specimens.
P3-S1.10 Using electronic medical record data to guide expedited partner therapy implementation in an urban STD clinic system, 2009
Authors: Mulder T , Johnson K , Lifflander A , Schillinger J , Rogers M , Blank S 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundExpedited partner therapy (EPT) is the practice of providing treatment without a clinical assessment to sex partners of patients with a diagnosed STD. EPT is legal forChlamydia trachomatis(CT) infections in New York State. To guide EPT implementation at New York City STD (NYC STD) clinics, we estimated potential EPT use and EPT treatments to dispense.MethodsWe analysed electronic medical record data for heterosexual patient visits to NYC STD clinics in 2009. To estimate potential EPT use, we measured: proportion clinic patients with presumptive diagnosis of mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC); nonspecific urethritis (NGU); contacts of both who tested positive for CT; patients with laboratory-confirmed genital CT infection; and proportion treated on day of visit. To guide policy on EPT treatments to dispense, we measured the median number of sex partners reported by CT-infected persons in the previous 3 months. To determine whether to route CT contacts to a physician (MD) visit (full STD evaluation) or an express visit (EV), we assessed STD diagnoses among CT contacts.ResultsAmong clinic patients with presumptive diagnoses of MPC, NGU, and contacts of both, CT prevalence was MPC, 14% (293/2144); MPC contact, 15% (38/257); NGU, 23% (1553/6744); and NGU contact, 17% (113/677). Of 40 099 patients tested for CT, 13% (5402/40 099) had a laboratory-confirmed CT infection. Of those, 79% (4288/5402) had been treated presumptively on day of visit. Males (n=4551) and females (n=3186) reported a median of two and one sex partners, respectively. Of 3561 contacts with CT diagnosis, 2339 (66%) were asymptomatic on day of visit and were routed to EV. Of those, 936 (40%) had >1 diagnosis other than CT; 22% of those (205) had a diagnosis of herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, trichomoniasis, or bacterial vaginosis.ConclusionEPT is recommended only for heterosexual patients with laboratory-confirmed CT diagnosis because CT-prevalence was low among patients presumptively diagnosed with either MPC or NGU and their contacts. Approximately 20% of CT-infected persons qualify for EPT; the majority of CT-infected persons are treated on day of visit. EPT-eligible patients should be offered up to three treatments for sex partners. Asymptomatic CT contacts reporting they have taken EPT should be routed to EV; those who report not taking EPT should be routed to an MD visit regardless of symptoms. Symptomatic CT contacts should receive an MD visit.
P3-S1.14 Evaluation of the plateform cobas®4800 CT/NG test for detectingChlamydia trachomatisin urogenital samples
Authors: de Barbeyrac B , Mehats V , Clerc M , Le Roy C , Bébéar C 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesTo assess the performance of the Roche fully automated cobas® 4800 CT/NG test for the detection ofC trachomatis(CT) infection in clinical specimens compared to the current routine practice.MethodsConsecutive clinical specimens sent to the Bacteriology department of the Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, between July and September 2010 were included. Results of the cobas® 4800 CT/NG test were compared with those obtained with the cobas® TaqMan CT 48 assay (Roche). For the latter, DNA from 200 μl of urine or swab resuspended in transport medium, (2SP or universal transport medium) was extracted on the MagNA Pure using the DNA I isolation kit (Roche) and amplified on the TaqMan 48 automates. The cobas® 4800 CT/NG performed DNA extraction from urine specimens prepared by adding 4.5 ml to 4.5 ml of cobas® PCR media, and from swabs discharged in 1.0 ml of the same media. The cobas® 4800 system loaded extracted DNA, controls and amplification reagents into 96-well amplification plates. Plates were then covered and placed into the cobas® z480 real-time PCR instrument. Retesting in both cobas® 4800 and TaqMan 48 assays was performed to further investigate specimens providing discrepant results.ResultsA total of 708 clinical specimens (293 male urines and 415 swab specimens, of which 356 self-collected vaginal swabs, 45 swabs from cervix and 14 swabs from male urethra) were analysed. The results were concordant in 98.5% of cases (697/708). Out of 708 samples, 50 provided positive results (17 men, 33 women). Three urine specimens and eight vaginal swabs provided discrepant results. Out of five specimens providing positive results in the reference CT assay, four were false-negative in the cobas® 4800 CT test. Out of six positive results by the cobas® 4800 assay, five were false-positive. After discrepancy analysis, the prevalence of the CT infection was 7.7% (55/708). The sensitivity and specificity of the cobas® 4800 CT/NG test were 92.7% (urine specimens 94.1%, swab specimens 92.1%) and 99.2%, respectively. The three false-negative results in swabs could be explained by the procedure not consistent with the manufacturer's instructions. Indeed, swabs were not inserted directly into the cobas® media vials.ConclusionThe cobas® 4800 CT/NG test is suitable for high through-put identification of theC trachomatisinfection.
P3-S1.15 The molecular diagnosis of rectal GC and CT infections using the FTA elute card for specimen collection and the real-time multiplex PCR for detection
Authors: Chi K H , Chen C Y , Ye T , Nachamkin E , Ballard R 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundTo evaluate the potential use of the Whatman Indicating FTA Elute Micro Card for collection, transport, and storage of rectal swab specimens for subsequent detection of STD pathogens in MSM using a TaqMan-based real-time multiplex PCR.MethodsTwo rectal swabs were obtained by the physician from each participant in a study to determine carriage of STD pathogens among MSM. One of the swabs was placed into a tube containing 1 ml of Genelock transport medium and while the other swab was firmly pressed onto an FTA Card with three side to side motions held at approximately 60° angle each time. Genomic DNA was eluted from three discs (3 mm diameter) punched out of each card after storage at room temperature for up to 6 months and tested by a real-time multiplex PCR assay which simultaneously detectslymphogranuloma venereum(LGV), non- LGV,Chlamydia trachomatis(CT), andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(GC), and human DNA control. For comparison, an aliquot of sample from genelock tube was extracted using the Qiagen DNA mini kit and tested with same real-time multiplex PCR assay.ResultsUsing purified DNA obtained from the Genelock specimens, the real-time multiplex PCR assay detected nine GC and 17 non-LGV CT; while 7 GC and 15 non-LGV CT were detected in DNA samples eluted from the FTA Cards and used directly for PCR. There were three GC and non-LGV co-infections and no LGV was detected using both specimen collection methods. A substantial number of specimens were found to be PCR inhibitory either collected in Genelock (18.3%) or on FTA Cards (15.4%).ConclusionsThe FTA Elute Micro Card allows stable storage and convenient transport of rectal swab specimens at room temperature. DNA can be eluted from the card with simple processes instead of numerous purification procedures for downstream real-time PCR amplification and aetiology detection. This preliminary evaluation shows the potential use of FTA Card for rectal specimen collection and PCR testing, and may also provide a cost-saving alternative to expensive international shipping of specimens on dry ice from remote study sites.
P3-S1.19 Evaluation of the cobas®4800 CT/NG test using clinician and self-collected vaginal swabs, cervical specimens in PreservCyt solution, and pharyngeal throat wash specimens
Authors: Krevolin M , Sunhachawee A , Hardy D , Pane J , Cervantes E , Kotadia R , Joshi S , Puckett R , Liesenfeld O 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the limit of detection (LOD), inclusivity, exclusivity, and interfering substances of the cobas® 4800 CT/NG Test using vaginal, PreservCyt, and pharyngeal specimens.MethodsChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) cultures were diluted into pools of negative patient specimens at six concentrations to determine the LOD (lowest concentration giving a ≥95% hit rate). A panel of 15 serovars of CT, plus the Swedish variant (nvCT), and 45 strains of NG was diluted into each sample matrix to determine inclusivity. To ensure specificity, a panel of 184 non-CT and non-NG organisms that may be found in the oral or urogenital region was tested at Ġ≥10^5 CFU or copies/ml. The organisms were diluted into CT/NG positive and negative samples. Ten CT/NG positive and negative samples were spiked with blood (up to 5%), leukocytes (up to 10^7 cells/ml), cervical mucus, and saliva at concentrations up to 10% to check for interference. Ten (for pharyngeal) and 18 (for urogenital) over-the-counter products were also tested.ResultsLODs were as follows: Vaginal CT 10 IFU/ml, NG 100 CFU/ml; PreservCyt CT 0.6 IFU/ml, NG 3.5 CFU/ml, Pharyngeal CT 0.5 IFU/ml, NG 2.25 CFU/ml. All 15 serovars of CT, plus the Swedish variant (nvCT), and 45 strains of NG were detected at, or near the LOD. No cross reactivity was noted with 184 non-CT and non-NG organisms in any specimen type. Vaginal but not PreservCyt samples showed interference from leukocytes at >10^6 cells/ml. This interference was noted as clot detections and samples were not processed. Pharyngeal samples showed false negative results in the presence of blood at >0.25%, and saliva at >2.5%. No interference was noted with any over-the-counter products in any specimen type.ConclusionsVaginal, PreservCyt, and pharyngeal specimens are suitable sample types for the cobas® 4800 CT/NG Test.