bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate vagal withdrawal in 3.5‐year‐old children is associated with optimal performance on executive function tasks
Authors: Marcovitch Stuart , Leigh Janet , Calkins Susan D. , Leerks Esther M. , O'Brien Marion , Blankson A. Nayena 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVagal tone (measured via respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) and vagal withdrawal (measured by decreases in RSA) have been identified as physiological measures of self‐regulation, but little is known how they may relate to the regulation of cognitive activity as measured through executive function (EF) tasks. We expected that baseline measures of vagal tone, thought to be an indicator of attention, would correlate with EF performance. We also predicted that vagal withdrawal would allow for the reorientation of attention that is needed to succeed on EF tasks, but too much withdrawal would be detrimental. RSA measured at baseline was indeed related to EF performance in 220 3.5‐year‐old children, and those who exhibited a moderate decrease in RSA during the EF tasks outperformed children whose RSA decreased by too little or too much. These findings implicate vagal tone withdrawal as a psychophysiological measure of higher cognitive processes, most likely substantiated through increases in the levels of focused attention. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 603–608, 2010.
A preliminary study of cortisol reactivity and behavior problems in young children born premature
Authors: Bagner Daniel M. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Vohr Betty R. , Lester Barry M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between cortisol reactivity and comorbid internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among children born premature. Children between the ages of 18 and 60 months who were born <37 weeks gestation and presented with clinically significant externalizing behavior problems were included. Children were categorized based on those who mounted a cortisol response to a stressor and those who did not mount a cortisol response. Children demonstrating the cortisol response were reported to have more problems with attention, emotional reactivity, anxiety, and depression based on maternal report and displayed higher rates of negative verbalizations during a mother–child interaction than children without a cortisol response. These results extend the findings of the relation between cortisol reactivity and comorbid internalizing and externalizing behavior problems to a sample of children born premature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 574–582, 2010.
Ontogeny of spatial working memory in the subterranean rodentctenomys talarum
Authors: Schleich Cristian E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhile several works analyzed the spatial learning and memory capacities in adults of subterranean rodents, no study was done examining the development of these cognitive processes in pups of any of those species. Therefore, the development of spatial working memory in the South American subterranean rodentCtenomys talarumwas investigated by analyzing the pups' spatial performance in a delayed alternation task. When a short delay of 1 min was interposed between runs in the Y‐maze, 20‐day‐old pups made more errors than 40‐ and 60‐day‐old pups. When longer intervals (10 min) were elapsed between runs, younger pups made approximately twice as many errors as the ones committed by 60‐day‐old pups, showing the age‐dependent development of spatial working memory in this species of subterranean rodent. Increased space use byC. talarumpups, caused first by the appearance of independent exploratory behavior and later by the need of leaving maternal territory and construct a new burrow system, showed some correspondence with the improvements in the pups' spatial working memory performance, suggesting for the importance of this cognitive capacity in developing pups for which spatial learning and memory constitute essential abilities for survival and fitness. Dev. Psychobiol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 592–597, 2010.
Amplification and diffusion of manual preference from lateralized practice in children
Authors: Teixeira Luis Augusto , da Silva Renato Passos Pereira , de Freitas Sylvia Lúcia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of lateralized practice on manual preference was investigated in right‐handed children. Probing tasks required reaching and grasping a pencil at distinct eccentricities in the right and left hemifields (simple), and its transportation and insertion into a small hole (complex). During practice, the children experienced manipulative tasks different from that used for probing, using the left hand only. Results showed that before practice the children used almost exclusively the right hand in the right hemifield and at the midline position. Following lateralized practice frequency of use of the left hand increased in most lateral positions. A more evident effect of lateralized practice on shift of manual preference was detected in the complex task. Implications for lateralization of behavior in a developmental timescale are discussed on the basis of the proposition of amplification and diffusion of manual preference from lateralized practice. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 723–730, 2010.
Canonical Wnt signaling modulates Tbx1, Eya1, and Six1 expression, restricting neurogenesis in the otic vesicle
Authors: Freyer Laina , Morrow Bernice E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo understand the mechanism by which canonical Wnt signaling sets boundaries for pattern formation in the otic vesicle (OV), we examined Tbx1 and Eya1‐Six1 downstream of activated β‐catenin. Tbx1, the gene for velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), is essential for inner ear development where it promotes Bmp4 and Otx1 expression and restricts neurogenesis. Using floxed β‐catenin gain‐of‐function (GOF) and loss‐of‐function (LOF) alleles, we found Tbx1 expression was down‐regulated and maintained/enhanced in the two mouse mutants, respectively. Bmp4 was ectopically expressed and Otx1 was lost in β‐catenin GOF mutants. Normally, inactivation of Tbx1 causes expanded neurogenesis, but expression of NeuroD was down‐regulated in β‐catenin GOF mutants. To explain this paradox, Eya1 and Six1, genes for branchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) syndrome were down‐regulated in the OV of β‐catenin GOF mutants independently of Tbx1. Overall, this work helps explain the mechanism by which Wnt signaling modulates transcription factors required for neurogenesis and patterning of the OV. Developmental Dynamics 239:1708–1722, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular dynamics of epithelial clefting during branching morphogenesis of the mouse submandibular gland
Authors: Kadoya Yuichi , Yamashina Shohei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe cultured the rudimental submandibular gland (SMG) of mice with a non–cell‐permeable fluorescent tracer, and observed cell behavior during epithelial branching morphogenesis using confocal time‐lapse microscopy. We traced movements of individual cells as shadowgraph movies. Individual epithelial cells migrated dynamically but erratically. The epithelial cleft extended by wiggling and separated a cluster of cells into two buds during branching. We examined the ultrastructure of the clefts in SMG rudiments treated with the laminin peptide A5G77f, which induces epithelial clefting. A short cytoplasmic shelf with a core of microfilaments was found at the deep end of the cleft. We propose that epithelial clefting involves a dynamic movement of cells at the base of the cleft, and the formation of a shelf within a cleft cell. The shelf might form a matrix attachment point at the base of the cleft with a core of microfilaments driving cleft elongation. Developmental Dynamics 239:1739–1747, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific mesenchymal/epithelial induction of olfactory receptor, vomeronasal, and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons
Authors: Rawson N.E. , Lischka F. W. , Yee K.K. , Peters A.Z. , Tucker E.S. , Meechan D.W. , Zirlinger M. , Maynard T.M. , Burd G.B. , Dulac C. , Pevny L. , LaMantia A.‐S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe asked whether specific mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) induction generates olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), vomeronasal neurons (VRNs), and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the major neuron classes associated with the olfactory epithelium (OE). To assess specificity of M/E‐mediated neurogenesis, we compared the influence of frontonasal mesenchyme on frontonasal epithelium, which becomes the OE, with that of the forelimb bud. Despite differences in position, morphogenetic and cytogenic capacity, both mesenchymal tissues support neurogenesis, expression of several signaling molecules and neurogenic transcription factors in the frontonasal epithelium. Only frontonasal mesenchyme, however, supports OE‐specific patterning and activity of a subset of signals and factors associated with OE differentiation. Moreover, only appropriate pairing of frontonasal epithelial and mesenchymal partners yields ORNs, VRNs, and GnRH neurons. Accordingly, the position and molecular identity of specialized frontonasal epithelia and mesenchyme early in gestation and subsequent inductive interactions specify the genesis and differentiation of peripheral chemosensory and neuroendocrine neurons. Developmental Dynamics 239:1723–1738, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental atlas of the early first trimester human embryo
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Samtani Rajeev R. , Lee Elaine S. , Lockett Elizabeth , Uwabe Chigako , Shiota Kohei , Anderson Stasia A. , Lo Cecilia W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRapid advances in medical imaging are facilitating the clinical assessment of first‐trimester human embryos at increasingly earlier stages. To obtain data on early human development, we used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and episcopic fluorescence capture (EFIC) to acquire digital images of human embryos spanning the time of dynamic tissue remodeling and organogenesis (Carnegie stages 13 to 23). These imaging data sets are readily resectioned digitally in arbitrary planes, suitable for rapid high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) observation. Using these imaging datasets, a web‐accessible digital Human Embryo Atlas (http://apps.devbio.pitt.edu/humanatlas/) was created containing serial 2D images of human embryos in three standard histological planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse. In addition, annotations and 3D reconstructions were generated for visualizing different anatomical structures. Overall, this Human Embryo Atlas is a unique resource that provides morphologic data of human developmental anatomy that can accelerate basic research investigations into developmental mechanisms that underlie human congenital anomalies. Developmental Dynamics 239:1585–1595, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene transfer by electroporation into hemogenic endothelium in the avian embryo
Authors: Rosselló Catalina Ana , Torres Miguel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHematopoiesis is the dynamic process whereby blood cells are continuously produced in an organism. Blood cell production is sustained by a population of self‐renewing multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) throughout the life of an organism. Cells with definitive HSC properties appear in the mid‐gestation embryo as dense clusters of cells budding from the floor of the aorta, and that of the vitelline and umbilical arteries in the aorta‐gonads‐mesonephros region. Attempts to genetically modify the aortic floor from which these HSCs arise have been unsuccessful in the mouse, since the regulation of gene expression in the hemogenic endothelium is largely unknown. Here we report the implementation of gene transfer by electroporation into dorsal aortic endothelial cells in the chick embryo. This approach provides a quick and reproducible method of generating gain/loss‐of‐function models to investigate the function of genes involved in HSC birth. Developmental Dynamics 239:1748–1754, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress for maintaining memory: HSP70 as a mobile messenger for innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Chen Taoyong , Cao Xuetao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHSP are abundant and conserved proteins present in all cells. Upon temperature shock or other stress stimuli, HSP are synthesized intracellularly, which may protect cells from protein denaturation or from death. Although HSP are synthesized intracellularly, HSP can also be mobilized to the plasma membrane or even be released under stress conditions. Elucidating the roles of cell surface and extracellular HSP in immune regulation has attracted much attention in recent years. Extracellularly, HSP can serve a cytokine function to initiate both innate and adaptive immunity through activation of APC. HSP serves also a chaperone function and facilitates presentation of antigen peptide to T cells. Similarly, cell surface HSP may activate APC and promote antigen presentation through cell–cell contact. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that cell surface HSP70 on DC induced by stress can upregulate membrane‐associated IL‐15, which in turn promotes the proliferation of CD4+CD45RA memory T cells. Moreover, a DC‐CD4+ T‐cell interacting circuit formed by CD40L on T cells and CD40 on DC is proposed to play a role in the maintenance of memory homeostasis. This study has widened our view of HSP in adaptive immunity as well as their classical functions such as APC activator and antigen carrier.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones by Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands
Authors: Gürbüz Nevin , Yaşar Sedat , Özcan Emine Özge , Özdemir İsmail , Çetinkaya Bekir 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of benzimidazolium ligand precursors were metalated with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 to give ruthenium(II) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The new benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene complexes have been found to be effective catalysis for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones by using 2‐propanol as the hydrogen source in the presence of KOH.
Lithiation of a Cyclen‐Derived (NNNN) Macrocycle and Its Reaction with n‐Butyllithium
Authors: Standfuss Sabine , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCyclic polyamine 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane, (Me3TACD)H (1), was metalated with n‐butyllithium in pentane to give [Li2(Me3TACD)2] (2). The structure of this compound is dimeric in the solid state as shown by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. With an excess of nBuLi, nBuLi is incorporated into the product. Depending on the stoichiometry, the compounds [Li3(nBu)(Me3TACD)2] (3) or [Li4(nBu)2(Me3TACD)2] (4) are formed. As shown by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, both molecular structures show a ladder motif. (Me3TACD)H reacted with NaI/Na2CO3 in acetonitrile to give benzene‐soluble [NaI(Me3TACD)H] (5).
A TRLFS Study on the Complexation of CmIII and EuIII with 2,6‐Bis(5,6‐dipropyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3‐yl)pyridine in Water/Methanol Mixture
Authors: Trumm Sascha , Panak Petra J. , Geist Andreas , Fanghänel Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe complexation of CmIII and EuIII with 2,6‐bis(5,6‐dipropyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3‐yl)pyridine (nPr‐BTP) in water/methanol solution is studied. 1:3 complexes [M(nPr‐BTP)3]3+ form from the solvated metal ions upon addition of ligand. The conditional stability constants are log K = 14.4 and log K = 11.9. For both metal ions the complexation reaction is both enthalpy and entropy driven. ΔH is 10.1 kJ/mol more negative than ΔH, whereas the entropy difference is small. The difference in ΔG between the formation of the CmIII and EuIII complexes is in good agreement with nPr‐BTP's selectivity in liquid‐liquid extraction.
2,2,4,6,7‐Pentamethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐5‐methyl (Pbfm) as an Alternative to the Trityl Group for the Side‐Chain Protection of Cysteine and Asparagine/Glutamine
Authors: Garcia Oscar , Bofill Josep M. , Nicolas Ernesto , Albericio Fernando 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe benzyl derivative of the Pbf group, which is the most commonly used side‐chain protecting group for Arg, has been proposed for the protection of the side chains of Cys, Asp, and Glu. In the three cases, the new protecting group (Pbfm) was removed with a high concentration of TFA during the cleavage and global deprotection step. In addition, the Pbfm group can be removed from the Cys residue by using very dilute TFA solutions. Furthermore, when Cys is protected with the Pbfm group, it can be removed by oxidative treatment, thereby directly rendering the disulfide bridge on the solid phase.
Dynamics and Hydration Properties of Small Antifreeze‐Like Glycopeptides Containing Non‐Natural Amino Acids
Authors: Corzana Francisco , Busto Jesús H. , García de Luis Marisa , Fernández‐Tejada Alberto , Rodríguez Fernando , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Avenoza Alberto , Peregrina Jesús M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNovel studies on the synthesis and conformation in aqueous solution of three antifreeze‐like glycopeptides containing the sequence Xaa(α‐GalNAc)‐Ala‐Ala, with Xaa being threonine (Thr) or the non‐natural amino acids α‐methylserine (MeSer) or α‐methylthreonine (MeThr), are reported. The study has combined NMR experiments with molecular dynamics simulations. Whereas the Thr derivative is rather rigid in solution and exhibits an extended conformation for the backbone, the non‐natural glycopeptides are fairly flexible and show random coil structures for the peptide sequence. On the other hand, only those glycopeptides with a methyl group at Cβ of the underlying amino acid show perpendicular orientation of the sugar with respect to the peptide moiety. This structural feature, together with the rigidity of the Thr‐containing glycopeptide, makes this system unique to structure the water molecules of its first hydration shell. In addition, despite its chemical similarity, the different observed conformational behaviors of all these molecules, as well as the differences in their dynamics and hydration properties, make them suitable systems to shed light on the key factors that govern antifreeze activity.
Defective human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus in asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Takenouchi Hiroyuki , Umeki Kazumi , Sasaki Daisuke , Yamamoto Ikuo , Nomura Hajime , Takajo Ichiro , Ueno Shiro , Umekita Kunihiko , Kamihira Shimeru , Morishita Kazuhiro , Okayama Akihiko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFew studies have specifically examined defective provirus in asymptomatic human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) carriers and its relation to proviral DNA loads (PVLs). To assess the significance of defective provirus in asymptomatic carriers, we examined PVLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 208 asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers. The mean PVLs determined using primers for the pol region were less than that for the pX region in these carriers. Analysis of seven carriers with high PVLs for the pX region but lower PVLs for the pol region showed that four had single nucleotide polymorphisms of proviral genomes for the pol region and three had HTLV‐1‐infected cells with defective provirus. Three carriers with defective provirus showed high PVLs at their initial screens, and PVLs increased after a 10‐ to 12‐year interval in two carriers. Southern blot assay showed clonal expansion of HTLV‐1‐infected cells, and the predominant clones changed during the observation period. These data suggest that although HTLV‐1‐infected cells with defective provirus may have a growth advantage, the predominant clones of HTLV‐1‐infected cells do not always survive for many years in asymptomatic carriers.
Effects on titanium implant surfaces of chemical agents used for the treatment of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Ungvári Krisztina , Pelsöczi István K. , Kormos Bernadett , Oszkó Albert , Rakonczay Zoltán , Kemény Lajos , Radnai Márta , Nagy Katalin , Fazekas András , Turzó Kinga 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe treatment of peri‐implantitis, which causes tissue deterioration surrounding osseointegrated implants, involves surface decontamination and cleaning. However, chemical cleaning agents may alter the structure of implant surfaces. We investigated three such cleaning solutions. Commercially pure (grade 4) machined titanium discs (CAMLOG Biotechnologies AG, Switzerland) were treated with 3% H2O2 (5 min), saturated citric acid (pH = 1) (1 min) or chlorhexidine gel (5 min), and their surface properties were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Human epithelial cell attachment (24‐h observation) and proliferation (72‐h observation) were investigated via dimethylthiazolyl‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein content assays. AFM revealed no significant difference in roughness of the three treated surfaces. XPS confirmed the constant presence of typical surface elements and an intact TiO2 layer on each surface. The XPS peaks after chlorhexidine gel treatment demonstrated CO and/or CO bond formation, due to chlorhexidine digluconate infiltrating the surface. MTT and BCA assays indicated similar epithelial cell attachments in the three groups; epithelial cell proliferation being significantly higher after H2O2 than after chlorhexidine gel treatment (not shown by BCA assays). These agents do not harm the Ti surface. Cleaning with H2O2 slightly enhances human epithelial cell growth, in contrast to chlorhexidine gel. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Characterization of micropatterned nanofibrous scaffolds for neural network activity readout for high‐throughput screening
Authors: Wang Lina , Kisaalita William S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMicropatterns were fabricated in nanofibrous poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) films by laser micromachining and the resulting scaffolds were characterized with respect to architecture, thermal, mechanical, and mass transport properties. Also, human neural stem cells were successfully cultured in these micropatterned nanofibrous scaffolds (MNFSs). The scaffolds were incorporated in high‐density well plates (e.g., 96‐well plates), creating a platform for high‐throughput screening of drugs with physiologically more relevant networked neural cultures. Through mathematical modeling of the transport of model stimulants, the feasibility of stimulating neural networks cultured in MNFSs was demonstrated. More work is needed to establish biological network activity–MNFS architecture relationships. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.