bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating export demand equations in selected Asian countries
Authors: Kumar Saten 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to utilize the new specification proposed by Rao and Singh to estimate export demand equations for Asian developing countries, viz. India, China, The Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. In this specification of export demand, exchange rate is included in the relative price variable.Design/methodology/approachThe augmented Dicky‐Fuller method is applied to test the time‐series properties of the variables. The time‐series techniques of Phillip‐Hansen's fully modified ordinary least squares and Johansen's maximum likelihood are used with annual data from 1970 to 2007. The Granger causality test determines the causality direction between income, relative prices and exports.FindingsThe paper confirms that there exists a long‐run cointegrating relationship between real exports, real income of trading partners and relative prices. The long‐run income elasticities range between 1 and 1.3 and the relative price elasticities range between −1 and −1.4. Our Granger causality results imply that in the long‐run income and relative prices Granger cause exports in these countries.Research limitations/implicationsStructural breaks and trade shock analysis were ignored.Practical implicationsThe results imply that exports should be treated as an engine of growth in the Asian developing countries and the export promotion policies such as subsidies, special credits and tax concessions should be encouraged. The relative price elasticities imply that exports are competitive in the international market and these countries have the option to devalue their currency to enhance export earnings. Although the real devaluation of the currencies will push import costs high, eventually this motivates the local firms to undertake alternative options, for instance, import substitution. Further, the gains resulting from the export growth policies will be attractive.Originality/valueThe paper assesses the magnitudes of export elasticities with a specification that includes exchange rate in relative price variable.
The pro‐trade impacts of immigrants: a meta‐analysis of network effects
Authors: Lin Faqin 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether there are any systematic relationships between the characteristics of each study about immigrants' pro‐trade impacts and its results.Design/methodology/approachA meta‐analysis of 24 papers and 184 estimates that study the trade‐creating network effects of immigrants is employed.FindingsThe paper finds that, first, immigrant's trade‐creating effects are higher for English‐speaking countries than for non‐English‐speaking countries; second, immigrant's trade‐creating effects are higher for disaggregated data than for aggregated data; third, the trade‐creating effects seem declining over time. Besides, no evidence of publication bias has been found.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied heavily on case studies on developed countries.Practical implicationsGiven strong evidence about the pro‐trade effects of immigrants and the unevenness of such effects, the world countries could reduce the cost and barriers for the movements of immigrants and thus help to increase international trade.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to use meta‐analysis to assess the pro‐trade effects of immigrants across different studies.
A query to the paper “Are the forces that cause China's trade surplus with the USA good?”
Authors: Dai Xiang , Zhang Erzhen 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptually argue that China's trade surplus with the USA is good by clarifying its fundamental forces from specific perspective.Design/methodology/approachChina's trade surplus with the USA is simply the result of comparative advantage under the background of international intra‐product specialization. Being the consequence of global resources optimization allocation, China's trade imbalance, including trade surplus with the USA, is certainly a win‐win game in international trade.FindingsThere are strong reasons to believe that China's trade surplus with the USA is beneficial to both China and the USA.Originality/valueThe forces causing China's trade surplus with the USA are complex and multiple different conclusions may be reached from different perspectives. This paper argues that one of the fundamental forces driving China's trade surplus with the USA is international intra‐product specialization, and from this perspective, it can help us understand that China's trade surplus with the USA is good for both nations to some extent.
Positive feedback trading, institutional investors and securities price fluctuation
Authors: Hong Yin 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research and analyze the influence of institutional investors in the present securities market due to behavior alienation with “running after rising and falling” and “herd behavior”.Design/methodology/approachA DeLong, Shleifer, Summers, and Waldmann (DSSW) model with positive feedback trading is established first to show the trading process, and these securities prices are calculated considering the investors' emotion. Through numerical analysis, the influence of institutional investors on securities price fluctuation is simulated. Further, the analysis of institutional investors' incomes is processed based on this model.FindingsThrough these analyses, the following conclusions are drawn: it lies on the scale of positive feedback traders and their sensitivity to past market performances whether the institutional investors can stabilize the market, and it is not necessary for the institutional investors to benefit from manipulating the market due to the existence of noise trader risk, so the positive feedback traders may survive in the security market over the long term.Originality/valueThe DSSW model considering positive feedback trading, presented in the paper, is more effective in analyzing the relation among the behavior of institutional investors, securities pricing and securities price fluctuation. The paper proposes some advice for policy decisions, which is helpful for government and institutions to maintain the stability of securities markets.
The effect of differentiated margin on futures market investors' behavior and structure
Authors: Luo Jin‐hui , Wan Di‐fang , Yang Yang , Yang Guang 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the role of differentiated margin system in leading investors' investing behavior and then optimize investor structure in futures markets.Design/methodology/approachUsing economic experimental research method, this paper designs and conducts a futures market experiment according to experimental research's basic norms, thus acquiring needed and credible empirical data.FindingsBy analyzing the experimental data, it is found that compared with situations in futures markets that implement uniform margin system, investors' (especially speculators') futures open position and the ratio of their open position and futures turnover are both significantly higher, in futures markets that implement differentiated margin system. On the other hand, differentiated margin system has no effects on hedgers' futures turnover, but significantly reduces speculators' futures turnover.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that compared with uniform margin system, differentiated margin system is beneficial to effectively restrict both speculators' and hedgers' speculating behavior and lead hedgers' market participation.Practical implicationsIn order to resolve the problem of unreasonable investor structure in China's futures market, i.e. lack of hedgers and over‐speculating, China's futures market's regulators should reform the margin system and adopt differentiated margin system to lead investors' rational behavior and optimize investor structure.Originality/valueThis paper empirically analyzes and verifies, for the first time, the roles of differentiated margin system in affecting investors' investing behavior. The futures market experiment designed and used in this study is a pioneering and exploratory experiment.
Effect of capital constraints on risk preference behavior of commercial banks
Authors: Ma Li , Dai Junxun , Huang Xian 
Published: January 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how the financial supervision authority utilizes the restrictions of capital constraints imposing on commercial banks the need to develop the macro economy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses multilateral game to deduce the loan characteristics of banks, vector and void coordinates to analyze the behavior choices of banks under capital supervision, sets up an index to describe the risk preference of banks, and analyzes the process with Chinese data empirically.FindingsThis paper finds big banks have a loan preference for big enterprises and small banks have a preference for establishing a bank syndicate to pursue large projects. Further, the paper notes the conditions by which the heterology banks choose loans across the border and proves that changes of capital requirements would force the credit structure of the commercial banks to adjust along an efficient frontier broken line or an efficient frontier plane under the conditions of interest rate regulation or interest rate marketization, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsIt is very complex to describe the choices of risk behavior of banks and the simple supervision method needs to be adjusted.Practical implicationsThis paper finds that banks show risk preferences of credit structure, and capital constraints would affect it greatly; regulators should guard against capital constraint softening.Originality/valueIt is the first time that the conditions of banks beyond the loan border have been studied and the behavior adjustment of banks using the vector and void coordinate analyzed.
The investigation on the relationship between the problem of long‐term loan and economic growth
Authors: Du Wenjie 
Published: January 2011

PurposeSince the reform and opening‐up policy, the long‐term problem of loans became more and more serious when China's economy maintained rapid growth. The purpose of this paper is to explore the profound causes of the medium‐ and long‐term problem of loans and the relationship between it and economic growth.Design/methodology/approachUsing panel data for 28 provinces and cities of China during 1994‐2005, this paper investigates the determinants on the maturity of bank credit using threshold panel data of Hansen. In addition, using dynamics panel data, this paper investigates the effects of the maturity structure of bank credit on economic growth.FindingsThe drop of bank industry concentration tends to increase the supply of long‐term loans. The raise of economic growth and the increase of industrialization degree promote the demand of long‐term loans, significantly. Furthermore, the threshold effects of inflation exist. When the initial inflation is lower than 3.9 percent, the raise of inflation can increase the supply of long‐term loans. When the initial inflation is higher than 3.9 percent, the raise of inflation can decrease the supply of long‐term loans. The increase in the supply of long‐term loans can promote the economic growth.Originality/valueThe paper has two innovations: first, when studying the determinants on the maturity of bank credit, using the threshold panel approach takes account of the nonlinear adjustment of inflation; second, including the maturity of bank credit into the realm of financial development studies the relationship between this and economic growth.
Exercise testing in pediatric lung transplant candidates with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Radtke Thomas , Faro Albert , Wong Jackson , Boehler Annette , Benden Christian 
Published: January 2011

Radtke T, Faro A, Wong J, Boehler A, Benden C. Exercise testing in pediatric lung transplant candidates with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 294–299. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Exercise testing is considered an important prognostic tool for the selection of pediatric lung transplant candidates with end‐stage CF lung disease. To better understand the current practice as it pertains to exercise testing, a self‐administered questionnaire was distributed to 25 pediatric lung transplant centers within the IPLTC across Australia, Europe, and North America. All centers perform standardized exercise tests. Fifteen centers perform one single‐field test (6MWT/12MWT), while seven perform a six‐min walk plus an additional test: SWT (N = 1), 3MST (N = 1), and CPET (N = 5). Frequency of testing is markedly different among centers. Two centers conduct exercise testing once, all others at multiple time points. Equipment availability and cost were no limitations, but lack of time (20%) and personnel (16%), and paucity of prognostic evidence (16%) and reference values (12%) were stated. Exercise testing is considered important and extensively used in the evaluation of pediatric lung transplant candidates with CF; methods of exercise test and the frequency of testing vary widely. We propose a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy of exercise testing and its prognostic value using a standardized protocol.
Head‐up tilt testing in children and young people: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Dietz Sanne , Murfitt Julia , Florence Lyndsey , Thakker Pradip , Whitehouse William P 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  Head‐up tilt testing (HUTT) is the gold standard investigation for adults with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), but it is controversial in children and young people, because of a lack of systematic investigation and because the test can be uncomfortable. As it was introduced recently for children attending our hospital, we undertook a retrospective registered clinical audit of its usefulness.Methods:  The medical records of 100 consecutive patients aged less than 18 years undergoing HUTT from October 2001 to December 2008 were reviewed. Information about their episodes, prodromes, triggers, previous tests, indications for the HUTT, the HUTT and clinical outcomes was extracted.Results:  Children were 6–17 years old; 68/100 were female. In 32/100, no trigger was reported. The most reported triggers included standing up (20%) and prolonged standing (18%). Dizziness (64%) and altered vision (39%) were the most experienced prodromal symptoms. Twenty‐eight of 100 had a positive test, with reproduction of symptoms in 24. Seventeen of 100 tests were negative but symptomatic; 55/100 had a negative asymptomatic test. In 17/28 positive HUTTs, the tilt confirmed the suspected diagnosis and elucidated the mechanism. Two of 28 were started on medication. However, in 9/28, neither was the diagnosis clarified nor was therapy instigated.Conclusions:  Potentially useful information about the TLOC was obtained in 45/100 cases. The 17/100 with negative but symptomatic results may have had medically unexplained TLOC or emotional attacks, although without concurrent electroencephalogram, some uncertainty remains. Therefore, a new protocol with video–electroencephalogram–polygraphy and beat‐to‐beat finger blood pressure recording, and more explicit clinical reporting is being developed.
Pharmacokinetics of mefenamic acid in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: ITO KAIICHI , NIIDA YUICH , SATO JUICHI , OWADA EIJI , ITO KEIJI , UMETSU MASAO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of mefenamic acid (MA), 2 mg/kg, were studied in 17 preterm infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. They were given this dosage orally at 24 h intervals. There were marked inter‐individual differences in some of the pharmacokinetic parameters after the first dose; peak plasma concentration (Cmax) varied from 1.2 to 6.1 μg/mL with a mean of 3.8 μg/mL, time to reach Cmax (tmax) varied from 2 to 18 h with a mean of 7.7 h and plasma half‐life (t1/2) varied from 3.8 to 43.6 h with a mean of 18.7 h. The group of infants (10/17) who had ductus closure after the first dose had significantly lower clearance (P < 0.01), longer t1/2 (P < 0.01) and higher 24h plasma concentration (P < 0.001) compared to the group of infants (7/17) who had no ductus closure after the first dose. It appeared that the plasma concentration of MA had to be above 2.0 μg/mL and maintained at this concentration for at least 12 h for MA associated with ductus closure in preterm infants to take effect. In view of the inter‐individual variation of plasma MA concentration and the effective plasma concentration, we suggest that measurement of the plasma concentration should be done 24 h after the first dose. This might be useful for safe and effective therapy for infants with ductus closure failure after the first dose.
Neonatal Plesiomonas shigelloides septicemia and meningitis: A case and review
Authors: FUJITA KOZO , SHIRAI MASARU , ISHIOKA TORU , KAKUYA FUJIO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 3 day old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides is described. We could not detect the source of this infection. The patient was treated with cefotaxime and survived without sequelae. Nine previously reported cases with this infection were reviewed.
Alternative treatment may lower the need for use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: ITO YUSHI , KAWANO TOSHIO , MIYASAKA KATSUYUKI , KATAYAMA MASAO , SAKAI HIROKAZU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAccess to artificial surfactant and high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) in Japan seems to affect the actual indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).The relation between the methods of treatment and survival and/or neurological sequelae of 27 neonates with servere respiratory failure who would have met the US ECMO entry criteria in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of National Children's Hospital, Tokyo between January 1988 and May 1992 were retrospectively analyzed.Out of 27 neonates, conventional treatment including artificial surfactant was successful in 6 cases (22%). High frequency oscillatory ventilation was used for the 21 cases who did not respond to conventional treatment and it was effective in 5 cases (19% of total). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used on 11 (40% of total) of 16 cases who did not respond to HFO. Eight (29% of total or 73% of ECMO cases) of these cases survived and 3 cases (11% of total) died. The remaining 5 cases (19% of total) who met the exclusion criteria of ECMO died. No patient with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) became ill enough to meet the US ECMO entry criteria. Six out of 8 congenital diaphragmatic hernia cases were saved on a delayed surgery protocol with HFO. Only about 1% of the neonates who were admitted to our NICU during the last 4 years needed ECMO treatment.Forty‐one per cent of the patients who would have met the US ECMO entry criteria were treated successfully without ECMO. The necessity for ECMO is less in Japan than in the US because other methods can often be used successfully to treat severe respiratory disorders.
Hypercalcemia associated with Aeromonas hydrophila gastro‐enteritis
Authors: MURAKAMI TOSHIO , INOUE TAMOTSU , KAWAKAMI HATSUMI , TAKAHASHI HIROHIKO , YASUNAGA TOHRU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe a 4 year old girl with acute Aeromonas hydrophila gastro‐enteritis who presented with a combination of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal impairment. Serum parathyroid hormone was not elevated. Both milk‐alkali syndrome and intoxication of vitamins A and D were ruled out. The hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal impairment were improved by fluid infusion and intravenous administration of furosemide. Gastro‐enteritis also improved with oral administration of the antibiotic norfloxacin. The association of A. hydrophila gastro‐enteritis with hypercalcemia has not been described previously.
Fetal arrhythmias: Intrauterine diagnosis, treatment and prognosis
Authors: MAENO YASUKI , KIYOMATSU YUMI , RIKITAKE NORIKO , TOYODA ON , MIYAKE TAKUMI , AKAGI TEIJI , ISHII MASAHIRO , KAWANO TERUHIRO , KAZUE TAKEYO , ISHIMATU JUNJI , KATO HIROHISA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFetal echocardiography can provide useful information for the evaluation of fetal arrhythmias. Between 1980 and 1993, 44 fetuses with arrhythmias were diagnosed in utero at 12 and 40 weeks of gestation in Kurume University Hospital. Fetal bradycardia, tachycardia and ectopic beats were revealed in 17, seven and 20 fetuses, respectively, and their clinical features and prognosis were evaluated. In the 17 fetuses with bradycardia, eight were associated with congenital heart defect, and six of these developed to fetal hydrops. Of the 17 fetuses, four died in utero, one was terminated, and six died after birth. The other six cases survived. Three of these had a pacemaker implanted after birth. In the seven fetuses with tachycardia, transplacental anti‐arrhythmic drugs were administered in five cases and conversion of the arrhythmia was achieved in four. None of the cases was associated with any congenital heart defect, and none died. Three infants had paroxysmal tachycardia postnatally. In the 20 fetuses with ectopic beats, arrhythmia was observed postnatally in 10, but all of these were resolved within 3 months after birth.Fetal bradycardias carried a poor prognosis in most cases and further studies are required to establish effective treatment. Some cases of fetal tachycardia developed recurrent tachycardia postnatally. Close follow‐up of the newborn is therefore necessary.
Pancreatic ascites in children
Authors: D'CRUZ ASHLEY J , KAMATH PATRICK S , RAMACHANDRA C. , JALIHAL ANAND 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report on three children with pancreatic ascites confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and treated with surgery. The children presented with ascites, malnutrition and severe weight loss. Pancreatic ascites was diagnosed by elevated ascitic fluid and serum amylase levels. ERCP demonstrated a pseudocyst and the site of disruption of the pancreatic duct, but not the etiology of the pancreatitis. Following a period of nutritional support, surgery was carried out. Two of the children underwent a stented transgastric drainage of the pseudocyst; a recurrent pseudocyst in one of the children required a revision cystojejunostomy. The third child was treated with a Roux‐en‐Y cystojejunostomy. All the children are pain‐free and without ascites and are doing well on long‐term follow‐up.We conclude that pancreatic ascites must be considered in the differential diagnosis of intractable ascites in children. An ERCP is essential in planning management and cystoenterostomy is the definitive treatment.
A mother and daughter with agenesis of the corpus callosum
Authors: FUCHIGAMI TATSUO , MAZAKI RYOSUKE , NISHIMURA ATSUSHI , NOGUCHI YUKIO , FUCHIGAMI SACHIKO , FUJITA YUKIHIKO , OKUBO OSAMI , HARADA KENSUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA mother and daughter with agenesis of the corpus callosum are reported. There have only been 11 prior case reports of the familial occurrence of agenesis of the corpus callosum in the absence of extracranial malformations. Most of these reports have described familial occurrence among siblings. The present communication is only the second description of a parent and child with agenesis of the corpus callosum A review of the published cases of familial syndrome unrelated agenesis of the corpus callosum indicates that both mental, developmental and neurologic disorders in cases involving parent and child are milder than those in cases involving siblings. Of additional interest, electroencephalography performed in this patient during sleep, frequently revealed bilateral asynchronous sleep spindles, supporting the hypothesis of previous investigators that the synchronicity of sleep spindles requires intact intercerebral commissures.