bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical modeling of genome‐wide Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers infers native American prehistory
Authors: Lewis Cecil M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study examines a genome‐wide dataset of 678 Short Tandem Repeat loci characterized in 444 individuals representing 29 Native American populations as well as the Tundra Netsi and Yakut populations from Siberia. Using these data, the study tests four current hypotheses regarding the hierarchical distribution of neutral genetic variation in native South American populations: (1) the western region of South America harbors more variation than the eastern region of South America, (2) Central American and western South American populations cluster exclusively, (3) populations speaking the Chibchan‐Paezan and Equatorial‐Tucanoan language stock emerge as a group within an otherwise South American clade, (4) Chibchan‐Paezan populations in Central America emerge together at the tips of the Chibchan‐Paezan cluster. This study finds that hierarchical models with the best fit place Central American populations, and populations speaking the Chibchan‐Paezan language stock, at a basal position or separated from the South American group, which is more consistent with a serial founder effect into South America than that previously described. Western (Andean) South America is found to harbor similar levels of variation as eastern (Equatorial‐Tucanoan and Ge‐Pano‐Carib) South America, which is inconsistent with an initial west coast migration into South America. Moreover, in all relevant models, the estimates of genetic diversity within geographic regions suggest a major bottleneck or founder effect occurring within the North American subcontinent, before the peopling of Central and South America. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term survival with favorable cognitive outcome after chemotherapy in primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Juergens Annika , Pels Hendrik , Rogowski Sabine , Fliessbach Klaus , Glasmacher Axel , Engert Andreas , Reiser Marcel , Diehl Volker , Vogt‐Schaden Marlies , Egerer Gerlinde , Schackert Gabriele , Reichmann Heinz , Kroschinsky Frank , Bode Udo , Herrlinger Ulrich , Linnebank Michael , Deckert Martina , Fimmers Rolf , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. , Schlegel Uwe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate long‐term progression‐free survival and overall survival, quality of life, and cognitive function in primary central nervous system lymphoma after systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy without radiotherapy.MethodsA long‐term follow‐up was conducted on surviving primary central nervous system lymphoma patients having been enrolled in a pilot/phase II trial between September 1995 and December 2001. Initially, 65 patients (median age, 62 years) had been treated with systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy without radiotherapy. All living patients were contacted, and a neurological examination, comprehensive neuropsychological testing, quality‐of‐life assessment, and imaging were performed.ResultsTwenty‐one of all 65 patients (32 %) and 17 of 30 patients 60 years or younger (57%), respectively, were still alive at median follow‐up of 100 months (range, 77–149 months). Nineteen of 21 patients completed all investigations; 1 was lost to follow‐up. In three patients, an exclusively extraneural relapse of a high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was diagnosed after 9, 31, and 40 months, respectively. All of them experienced complete remission to high dose. Neither late neurotoxicity nor compromise of quality of life was found in any of the patients examined.InterpretationPrimary polychemotherapy based on high‐dose methotrexate (MTX) and cytarabine (Ara‐C) is highly efficient in treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. About half of patients 60 years or younger can obviously be cured with this regimen without long‐term neurotoxic sequelae or quality‐of‐life compromise. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:182–189
Second and third hepatectomies for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma are justified
Authors: Wu C-C , Cheng S-B , Yeh D-C , Wang J , P'eng F-K 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Liver resection is the main curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but recurrence rates are high. The remnant liver is the most common site of recurrence, but the role of repeat hepatectomy in the treatment of recurrent HCC is controversial.

Methods
Patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC and subsequent repeat hepatectomy for recurrent HCC between 1990 and 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathological characteristics, and early- and long-term outcomes of patients who had a first, second, third and fourth hepatectomy were compared.

Results
Some 1177 patients underwent a first hepatectomy for HCC, and 149, 35 and eight patients respectively had a second, third and fourth hepatectomies for recurrence. There were no significant differences in early postoperative outcomes after first and repeat hepatectomies. Five-year disease-free and overall survival rates after first, second and third hepatectomies were 43·6, 31·8 and 33·8 per cent (P = 0·772), and 52·4, 56·4 and 59·4 per cent (P = 0·879), respectively. Patients undergoing second and third hepatectomies for recurrence had better survival rates than those who did not have a repeat hepatectomy, but not those after fourth hepatectomy.

Conclusion
Second and third hepatectomies seem justified for hepatic recurrence of HCC. The role of fourth hepatectomy needs further investigation.
Conquer the Net: An educational computer game to learn the basic configuration of networking components
Authors: Arevalillo‐Herráez Miguel , Morán‐Gómez Raúl , Claver José M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAdvanced networking equipment is relatively expensive and student access to it is usually limited to scheduled times at computer laboratories within the university premises. Hence, it is important to make the most effective use of the time assigned and minimize the time that students spend in activities which can be performed outside the laboratory sessions. Familiarizing with the basic configuration commands is one such activity. We have developed a computer game to allow students to learn these in a motivating and pleasant environment. This game has been designed so that rules are easily learned and both cooperative and competitive learning are promoted. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 72–77, 2012
Clewlike ZnV2O4 Hollow Spheres: Nonaqueous Sol–Gel Synthesis, Formation Mechanism, and Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Xiao Lifen , Zhao Yanqiang , Yin Jia , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHollow ZnV2O4 microspheres with a clewlike feature were synthesized by reacting zinc nitrate hexahydrate and ammonium metavanadate in benzyl alcohol at 180 °C for the first time. GC–MS analysis revealed that the organic reactions that occurred in this study were rather different from those in benzyl alcohol based nonaqueous sol–gel systems with metal alkoxides, acetylacetonates, and acetates as the precursors. Time‐dependent experiments revealed that the growth mechanism of the clewlike ZnV2O4 hollow microspheres might involve a unique multistep pathway. First, the generation and self‐assembly of ZnO nanosheets into metastable hierarchical microspheres as well as the generation of VO2 particles took place quickly. Then, clewlike ZnV2O4 hollow spheres were gradually produced by means of a repeating reaction–dissolution (RD) process. In this process, the outside ZnO nanosheets of hierarchical microspheres would first react with neighboring vanadium ions and benzyl alcohol and also serve as the secondary nucleation sites for the subsequently formed ZnV2O4 nanocrystals. With the reaction proceeding, the interior ZnO would dissolve and then spontaneously diffuse outwards to nucleate as ZnO nanocrystals on the preformed ZnV2O4 nanowires. These renascent ZnO nanocrystals would further react with VO2 and benzyl alcohol, ultimately resulting in the final formation of a hollow spatial structure. The lithium storage ability of clewlike ZnV2O4 hollow microspheres was studied. When cycled at 50 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 0.01–3 V, this peculiarly structured ZnV2O4 electrode delivered an initial reversible capacity of 548 mAh g−1 and exhibited almost stable cycling performance to maintain a capacity of 524 mAh g−1 over 50 cycles. This attractive lithium storage performance suggests that the resulting clewlike ZnV2O4 hollow spheres are promising for lithium‐ion batteries.
Correlation between clinical outcome and growth factor pathway expression in osteogenic sarcoma
Authors: Abdeen Ayesha , Chou Alexander J. , Healey John H. , Khanna Chand , Osborne Tanasa S. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Kim Mimi , Wang Dan , Moody Karen , Gorlick Richard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Multiple cell‐signaling ligands and receptors—including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF), endothelial growth factor (EGF), v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and 70‐kilodalton (kD) protein S6 kinase (p70S6 kinase)—reportedly are variably expressed in osteogenic sarcoma. Expression of these proteins may have future implications for prognostication and targeted therapy. The objective of the current study was to determine the relation between clinical outcome and the expression of these proteins.METHODS:A paraffin‐embedded microarray of 48 human osteogenic sarcoma tissue specimens was stained with the antibodies against VEGF, IGF, EGF, AKT, PDGF, MAPK, and p70S6 kinase. Staining for each protein included the total protein and, when applicable, the phosphorylated version of the protein. Immunohistochemical staining was then correlated with patient survival (overall survival [OS] and event‐free survival [EFS]), histologic response to chemotherapy, and serum markers.RESULTS:There was a negative correlation between VEGF receptor 3 (VEGF‐R3) and both OS and EFS. VEGF‐B was correlated with a poor histologic response to chemotherapy. Serum markers were not correlated with any specific proteins. When using a P value of .05, multiple correlations were observed between proteins of various pathways.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggested that the VEGF pathway is a critical signaling pathway in osteogenic sarcoma. These data have identified specific proteins within these pathways toward which future investigations should be directed to further clarify their prognostic potential. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of high‐risk urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Gallagher David J. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Iasonos Alexia , Maluf Fernando C. , Russo Paul , Dalbagni Guido , Donat Machele S. , Boyle Mary G. , Zheng Junting , Riches Jamie , Bajorin Dean F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Despite definitive surgery, the survival of patients with high‐risk urothelial carcinoma (UC) is poor. Adjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy may be beneficial, but it is restricted by the need for normal renal function (RF). Sequential administration of adjuvant chemotherapy facilitates drug delivery and improves survival in patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and survival impact of adjuvant, sequential chemotherapy in patients with high‐risk UC.METHODS:Fifty patients were treated on 2 simultaneous protocols between 1997 and 2004. The patients on Protocol A (normal RF) received doxorubicin and gemcitabine (AG) followed by paclitaxel and cisplatin. The patients on Protocol B (impaired RF) received AG followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were compared with a group of 203 contemporary control patients who had similar pathology and RF and who underwent surgery alone.RESULTS:The median follow‐up of protocol patients was 6.5 years (range, 0.9‐8.6 years), and 25 patients remained alive. The median follow‐up of the control group was 4.7 years (0.0‐9.2), and 68 patients remained alive. The median OS for patients on Protocol A was greater than that for controls who had good RF (4.6 years vs 2.5 years; P = .03). The median OS for patients on Protocol B was greater than that for controls who had impaired RF (3.4 years vs 2 years; P = .04). DSS for the protocol and matched control groups was similar (good RF: 4.6 years vs 3 years; P = .24; impaired RF: 3.4 years vs 3.3 years; P = .40).CONCLUSIONS:In this nonrandomized study, adjuvant, sequential chemotherapy for patients with high‐risk UC did not improve DSS over that observed with surgery alone. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Obesity as a predictor of adverse outcome across black and white race
Authors: Jayachandran Jayakrishnan , Bañez Lionel L. , Aronson William J. , Terris Martha K. , Presti Joseph C. , Amling Christopher L. , Kane Christopher J. , Freedland Stephen J. ,   the SEARCH Database Study Group
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Across multiple studies, obesity has been associated with an increased risk of higher grade disease and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). Whether these associations vary by race is unknown. In the current study, the authors examined the association between obesity and outcome after RP stratified by race.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on 1415 men in the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database who underwent RP between 1989 and 2008. The association between increased body mass index (BMI) and adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence was examined using multivariate logistic regression and Cox models, respectively. Data were examined stratified by race.RESULTS:After adjusting for preoperative clinical characteristics, higher BMI was associated with higher tumor grade (P = .008) and positive surgical margins (P < .001) in white men, and similar but statistically nonsignificant trends were observed in black men. No significant interaction was noted between race and BMI for associations with adverse pathology (Pinteraction≥.12). After adjusting for preoperative clinical characteristics, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of recurrence in both white men (P = .001) and black men (P = .03). After further adjusting for pathologic variables, higher BMI was associated with significantly increased risk of recurrence in white men (P = .002) and black men (P = .01). No significant interactions were observed between race and BMI for predicting biochemical progression adjusting either for preoperative factors (Pinteraction = .35) or for preoperative and pathologic features (Pinteraction = .47).CONCLUSIONS:Obesity was associated with a greater risk of recurrence among both black men and white men. Obesity did not appear to be more or less influential in 1 race than another but, rather, was identified as a risk factor for aggressive cancer regardless of race. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
How cancer at the primary site and in the lymph nodes contributes to the risk of cancer death
Authors: Michaelson James S. , Chen L. Leon , Silverstein Melvin J. , Mihm Martin C. , Sober Arthur J. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Smith Barbara L. , Younger Jerry 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:It has long been appreciated that tumor size, lymph node status, and patient survival are related qualities, although how to isolate their interactions has not been obvious, nor has it been obvious how to integrate tumor size and lymph node status into predictions of the risk of death for individual patients.METHODS:The authors describe a mathematical method, the binary‐biological model of cancer metastasis, based on the spread of cancer cells, in which the equations capture the relations between tumor size, lymph node status, and cancer lethality.RESULTS:For melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma, the relation between tumor size and the risk of cancer death was captured by the SizeOnly equation. For melanoma and breast carcinoma, the relation between tumor size and the presence of cancer in the lymph nodes was captured by using the NodalSizeOnly equation. For lymph node‐negative melanoma and breast carcinoma, the relation between tumor size and risk of death was captured by the PrimarySizeOnly equation. For breast carcinoma, the model indicated that each positive lymph node contributed ∼6% extra risk of death, whereas each millimeter of greatest primary tumor dimension contributed ∼1% risk of death. For melanoma, each positive lymph node contributed ∼23% risk of death, whereas each millimeter of primary melanoma thickness contributed ∼8% risk of death. This information was captured by a pair of linked equations, the Size+Nodes method.CONCLUSIONS:Both tumor size and the number of positive lymph nodes made independent contributions to the risk of cancer death, as estimated by using the Size+Nodes method. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The dual dopamine‐glutamate phenotype of growing mesencephalic neurons regresses in mature rat brain
Authors: Bérubé‐Carrière Noémie , Riad Mustapha , Dal Bo Grégory , Lévesque Daniel , Trudeau Louis‐Éric , Descarries Laurent 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCoexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNAs in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and colocalization of these proteins in axon terminals of the nucleus accumbens (nAcb) have recently been demonstrated in immature (15‐day‐old) rat. After neonatal 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesion, the proportion of VTA neurons expressing both mRNAs and of nAcb terminals displaying the two proteins was enhanced. To determine the fate of this dual phenotype in adults, double in situ hybridization and dual immunolabeling for TH and VGLUT2 were performed in 90‐day‐old rats subjected or not to the neonatal 6‐OHDA lesion. Very few neurons expressed both mRNAs in the VTA and substantia nigra (SN) of P90 rats, even after neonatal 6‐OHDA. Dually immunolabeled terminals were no longer found in the nAcb of normal P90 rats and were exceedingly rare in the nAcb of 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats, although they had represented 28% and 37% of all TH terminals at P15. Similarly, 17% of all TH terminals in normal neostriatum and 46% in the dopamine neoinnervation of SN in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats were also immunoreactive for VGLUT2 at P15, but none at P90. In these three regions, all dually labeled terminals made synapse, in contradistinction to those immunolabeled for only TH or VGLUT2 at P15. These results suggest a regression of the VGLUT2 phenotype of dopamine neurons with age, following normal development, lesion, or sprouting after injury, and a role for glutamate in the establishment of synapses by these neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:873–891, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Lee‐Yang and Pólya‐Schur programs. II. Theory of stable polynomials and applications
Authors: Borcea Julius , Brändén Petter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the first part of this series we characterized all linear operators on spaces of multivariate polynomials preserving the property of being nonvanishing in products of open circular domains. For such sets this completes the multivariate generalization of the classification program initiated by Pólya and Schur for univariate real polynomials. We build on these classification theorems to develop here a theory of multivariate stable polynomials. Applications and examples show that this theory provides a natural framework for dealing in a uniform way with Lee‐Yang type problems in statistical mechanics, combinatorics, and geometric function theory in one or several variables. In particular, we answer a question of Hinkkanen on multivariate apolarity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scheduling dense linear algebra operations on multicore processors
Authors: Kurzak Jakub , Ltaief Hatem , Dongarra Jack , Badia Rosa M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art dense linear algebra software, such as the LAPACK and ScaLAPACK libraries, suffers performance losses on multicore processors due to their inability to fully exploit thread‐level parallelism. At the same time, the coarse–grain dataflow model gains popularity as a paradigm for programming multicore architectures. This work looks at implementing classic dense linear algebra workloads, the Cholesky factorization, the QR factorization and the LU factorization, using dynamic data‐driven execution. Two emerging approaches to implementing coarse–grain dataflow are examined, the model of nested parallelism, represented by the Cilk framework, and the model of parallelism expressed through an arbitrary Direct Acyclic Graph, represented by the SMP Superscalar framework. Performance and coding effort are analyzed and compared against code manually parallelized at the thread level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular endothelial growth factor prevents G93A‐SOD1‐induced motor neuron degeneration
Authors: Lunn J. Simon , Sakowski Stacey A. , Kim Bhumsoo , Rosenberg Andrew A. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult‐onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of motor neurons (MNs). Twenty percent of familial ALS cases are associated with mutations in Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1). To specifically understand the cellular mechanisms underlying mutant SOD1 toxicity, we have established an in vitro model of ALS using rat primary MN cultures transfected with an adenoviral vector encoding a mutant SOD1, G93A‐SOD1. Transfected cells undergo axonal degeneration and alterations in biochemical responses characteristic of cell death such as activation of caspase‐3. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic and neuroprotective growth factor that can increase axonal outgrowth, block neuronal apoptosis, and promote neurogenesis. Decreased VEGF gene expression in mice results in a phenotype similar to that seen in patients with ALS, thus linking loss of VEGF to the pathogenesis of MN degeneration. Decreased neurotrophic signals prior to and during disease progression may increase MN susceptibility to mutant SOD1‐induced toxicity. In this study, we demonstrate a decrease in VEGF and VEGFR2 levels in the spinal cord of G93A‐SOD1 ALS mice. Furthermore, in isolated MN cultures, VEGF alleviates the effects of G93A‐SOD1 toxicity and neuroprotection involves phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling. Overall, these studies validate the usefulness of VEGF as a potential therapeutic factor for the treatment of ALS and give valuable insight into the responsible signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
A clinical perspective of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Scherer Hans Ulrich , Burmester Gerd R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn recent years, factors potentially involved in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis have mostly been identified by studying well‐defined patient cohorts. Characterization of antibodies from sera of affected patients, family‐based heritability studies, genome‐wide association scans, the analysis of environmental factors and data from clinical trials have contributed largely to a thorough reassembly of our perception of rheumatoid arthritis. Modified animal models are now crucial to obtain experimental evidence for suggested pathogenetic pathways based on these observations and are currently being developed and explored. Some of the novel pathogenetic aspects, however, already influence decision making in the clinic.