bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel–Iron–Selenium Hydrogenases – An Overview
Authors: Baltazar Carla S. A. , Marques Marta C. , Soares Cláudio M. , DeLacey Antonio M. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Matias Pedro M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract[NiFeSe] hydrogenases are a subgroup of the large family of [NiFe] hydrogenases in which a selenocysteine ligand coordinates the Ni atom at the active site. As observed for other selenoproteins, the [NiFeSe] hydrogenases display much higher catalytic activities than their Cys‐containing homologues. Here, we review the biochemical, catalytic, spectroscopic and structural properties of known [NiFeSe] hydrogenases, namely from the Hys (group 1 [NiFeSe] hydrogenase), Fru (F420‐reducing [NiFeSe] hydrogenases) and Vhu families (F420‐non‐reducing [NiFeSe] hydrogenases). A survey of new [NiFeSe] hydrogenases present in the databases showed that all enzymes belong to either group 1 periplasmic uptake hydrogenases (Hys) or to group 3 cytoplasmic hydrogenases (Fru and Vhu) and are present in either sulfate‐reducing or methanogenic microorganisms. In both kinds of organisms, the [NiFeSe] hydrogenases are preferred over their Cys‐containing homologues if selenium is available. Since no structural information is available for the Vhu and Fru enzymes, we have modelled the large subunit of these enzymes and analyzed the area surrounding the active site. Three[NiFeSe] hydrogenases of the Hys and Vhu types were identified in which the selenocysteine residue is found in a different location in the sequence, which could result in a different coordination to the Ni atom. The high activity and fast reactivation, together with a degree of oxygen tolerance for the H2‐production activity, make the Hys hydrogenases attractive catalysts for technological applications.
An initial study on the formation of 3‐MCPD esters during oil refining
Authors: Hrncirik Karel , van Duijn Gerrit 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOil refining is essential for ensuring quality and safety of oils and fats. However, during the deodorization step of the refining process, the oil is exposed to high temperatures and changes in the lipid matrix may occur leading to the formation of 3‐chloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) esters and possibly other processing by‐products. This study was initiated to address the limited understanding on the formation of 3‐MCPD ester in oil refining. The impact of refining conditions, both at pilot‐plant and industrial scale, were investigated by subjecting palm and rapeseed oils to different refining treatments. The experiments showed that 3‐MCPD esters and glycidyl esters were formed during the deodorization of palm oil, but not rapeseed oil. The level of 3‐MCPD esters in the refined palm oils (3.5–4.9 mg/kg) was independent of the deodorization conditions. No correlation was found between the level of 3‐MCPD esters formed and the content of the potential precursors, partial acylglycerols and chlorides. In contrast, the formation of glycidyl esters was affected by the deodorization conditions (both temperature and residence time). Higher levels of glycidyl esters (up to 3.8 mg/kg) were found in palm oil deodorized at temperatures above 230°C.
The volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of Aquilaria species: a review
Authors: Naef Regula 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA compilation of the volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected fragrant heartwood of some Aquilaria species, mainly A. malaccensis, A. sinensis and A. crassna, is presented. This high‐priced wood has a long tradition in religious ceremonies as incense and its essential oil is well appreciated in fine perfumery. More than 150 compounds have been identified so far, mostly sesquiterpenoids, chromones and volatile aromatic compounds. The scarce knowledge of their organoleptic properties is summarized. Studies on the chemistry of agarwood smoke are discussed. Emphasis is given to structural and analytical aspects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres—An enhanced chromosomal instability in aggressive non‐MYCN amplified and telomere elongated neuroblastomas
Authors: Lundberg Gisela , Sehic Daniel , Länsberg John‐Kalle , Øra Ingrid , Frigyesi Attila , Castel Victoria , Navarro Samuel , Piqueras Marta , Martinsson Tommy , Noguera Rosa , Gisselsson David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTelomere length alterations are known to cause genomic instability and influence clinical course in several tumor types, but have been little investigated in neuroblastoma (NB), one of the most common childhood tumors. In the present study, telomere‐dependent chromosomal instability and telomere length were determined in six NB cell lines and fifty tumor biopsies. The alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway was assayed by scoring ALT‐associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies (APBs). We found a reduced probability of overall survival for tumors with increased telomere length compared to cases with reduced or unchanged telomere length. In non‐MYCN amplified tumors, a reduced or unchanged telomere length was associated with 100% overall survival. Tumor cells with increased telomere length had an elevated frequency of APBs, consistent with activation of the ALT pathway. The vast majority of tumor biopsies and cell lines exhibited an elevated rate of anaphase bridges, suggesting telomere‐dependent chromosomal instability. This was more pronounced in tumors with increased telomere length. In cell lines, there was a close correlation between lack of telomere‐protective TTAGGG‐repeats, anaphase bridging, and remodeling of oncogene sequences. Thus, telomere‐dependent chromosomal instability is highly prevalent in NB, and may contribute to the complexity of genomic alterations as well as therapy resistance in the absence of MYCN amplification and in this tumor type. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acting within the boundaries of work systems development
Authors: Béguin Pascal 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article proposes a model for analyzing and acting on the relationship between design and ergonomics. In applying their knowledge and methods in design processes, ergonomists encounter constraints that frame, orient, and limit their professional practices. It is argued that these constraints stem from the organizational boundaries of the design process. One of the challenges of ergonomics is to act on these boundaries to define constraints that contribute to or facilitate the promotion of workers' health and productive efficiency. This analytical model is applied to work systems development. Three types of organizational boundary (namely, “goal‐oriented boundaries,” “time boundaries,” and “collective boundaries”) and their constraints are identified, and proposals to act on those boundaries are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medial and lateral perforant path evoked potentials are selectively modulated by pairing with glutamatergic activation of locus coeruleus in the dentate gyrus of the anesthetized rat
Authors: Edison Hilary T. , Harley Carolyn W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNorepinephrine (NE) in vitro produces long‐lasting potentiation of medial perforant path input and depression of lateral perforant path input to dentate gyrus in the rat. Similar, but highly transient, effects have been reported in vivo using paragigantocellular stimulation to release NE. The present study uses alternate stimulation of the medial perforant path and lateral olfactory tract (eliciting a lateral perforant path‐evoked potential) to examine the effects of glutamatergic activation of locus coeruleus (LC) on the two pathways for up to 3 h post‐LC activation. In the first experiment, the expected potentiation of the medial perforant path population spike in dentate gyrus was observed, but without accompanying depression of the lateral perforant path‐mediated evoked potential (lateral olfactory tract stimulation, 60 s ISI). In a second experiment, with more frequent pairing of input with NE release (10 s ISI), significant potentiation of lateral perforant path‐mediated input to dentate gyrus occurred, but potentiation of medial perforant path input was not seen. A third experiment with a 30 s ISI again produced potentiation of lateral perforant path‐mediated input without potentiation of the medial perforant path population spike. The size of effects with the 30 s ISI was intermediate between that seen with 10 s and 60 s ISI. Potentiation of lateral perforant path over medial perforant path input has previously been reported with acute nicotinic activation of the LC. This outcome also resembles heterosynaptic modulation previously reported with tetanic potentiation. The data argue for a competitive relationship between medial and lateral perforant path inputs to dentate gyrus and suggest pairing with increased NE produces a bias favoring one or the other pathway depending on parameters such as strength and frequency. NE potentiating effects on lateral perforant path input here may also have occurred in entorhinal cortex (EC) given the system‐wide NE release with LC activation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antitumour activity of oral E7080, a novel inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, in human sarcoma xenografts
Authors: Bruheim Skjalg , Kristian Alexandr , Uenaka Toshimitsu , Suo Zhenhe , Tsuruoka Akihiko , Nesland Jahn M. , Fodstad Øystein 
Published: January 2011

AbstractE7080 is an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, several of which have pro‐angiogenic properties, including receptors for VEGF, FGF, SCF and PDGF. We undertook our study to evaluate the preclinical activity of E7080 in human sarcomas. The antitumour activity of orally administered E7080 was tested in ten human tumour xenografts representing different sarcoma histotypes. Concomitant changes in microvessel density were assayed by immunohistochemistry to CD31. Immunohistochemistry was also used to assess the expression of kinases that E7080 is known to inhibit. The MTS assay was applied to determine effects on tumour cell viability in vitro. At the Q1D5 × 2 schedule, E7080 (30 mg/kg) was active (T/C<40%) in 7/10 xenografts. The effects were accompanied by marked decrease in microvessel densities. Given at the Q1D5 × 4 schedule, E7080 (30, 10, 3 mg/kg) showed antitumour activity in a dose dependent manner in two different xenografts. E7080 growth inhibition did not correlate with the expression of VEGFR1‐3, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1 or KIT on tumour cells but was significantly correlated with expression of VEGFR2 on tumour microvessels. In vitro E7080 did not show potent effects on tumour cell viability in four different sarcoma cell lines, with IC50 values ≥10 μM. In conclusion, E7080 showed broad in vivo antitumour activity in sarcoma, mainly attributable to angiogenesis inhibition. E7080 was also active in xenografts resistant to one or more clinically relevant reference drugs given at MTD (doxorubicin, cisplatin or ifosfamide). The present results encourage further investigation of a potential role of E7080 in sarcoma therapy in the clinic.
MiR‐9 downregulates CDX2 expression in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Rotkrua Pichayanoot , Akiyama Yoshimitsu , Hashimoto Yutaka , Otsubo Takeshi , Yuasa Yasuhito 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEctopic expression of CDX2, a caudal‐related homeobox protein, is known to be associated with the development of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and gastric carcinogenesis. Previously, we reported that DNA methylation was partly responsible for CDX2 silencing in gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism underlying the aberrant expression of CDX2 during malignant transformation remained unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that function as post‐transcriptional regulators. To elucidate the role of miRNAs in CDX2 downregulation in GC cells, putative miRNAs, such as miR‐9, were computationally predicted. After exogenous pre‐miR‐9 precursor transfection, the luciferase activity of a reporter vector containing a part of the 3′‐UTR of CDX2 was downregulated in HEK‐293T cells. The inverse correlation between the miR‐9 and CDX2 protein levels was demonstrated in GC cell lines. By means of miR‐9 overexpression and knockdown techniques, the expression levels of the CDX2 protein and downstream target genes (p21, MUC2 and TFF3) were responsively altered in MKN45 and NUGC‐3 cells. Transfection of an anti‐miR‐9 molecule significantly inhibited cell growth by promoting G1 cell cycle arrest in MKN45 cells similarly to the effect of CDX2 overexpression. Moreover, examination of the miR‐9 levels in primary GC tissues revealed that the amounts of miR‐9 in the CDX2‐negative group were significantly higher than those in the CDX2‐positive group (p = 0.004). Therefore, miR‐9 might repress CDX2 expression via the binding site in the 3′‐UTR, resulting in the promotion of cell proliferation in GCs.
MED29, a component of the mediator complex, possesses both oncogenic and tumor suppressive characteristics in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kuuselo Riina , Savinainen Kimmo , Sandström Saana , Autio Reija , Kallioniemi Anne 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMediator complex subunit 29 (MED29) is part of a large multiprotein coactivator complex that mediates regulatory signals from gene‐specific activators to general transcription machinery in RNA polymerase II mediated transcription. We previously found thatMED29is amplified and overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and thatMED29silencing leads to decreased cell survival in PANC‐1 pancreatic cancer cells with highMED29expression. Here we further demonstrate decreased migration, invasion and colony formation in PANC‐1 cells afterMED29silencing. Unexpectedly, lentiviral‐based overexpression of MED29 led to decreased proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells as well as MIAPaCa‐2 pancreatic cancer cells with low endogenous expression. More importantly, subcutaneous inoculation of the MED29‐transduced pancreatic cancer cells into immuno‐compromised mice resulted in dramatic tumor suppression. The mock‐control mice developed large tumors, whereas the animals with MED29‐xenografts showed both decreased tumor incidence and a major reduction in tumor size. Gene expression analysis in the MED29‐transduced pancreatic cancer cells revealed differential expression of genes involved in control of cell cycle and cell division. The observed gene expression changes are expected to modulate the cell cycle in a way that leads to reduced cell growth, explaining thein vivotumor suppressive phenotype. Taken together, these data implicate MED29 as an important regulator of key cellular functions in pancreatic cancer with both oncogenic and tumor suppressive characteristics. Such a dualistic role appears to be more common than previously thought and is likely to depend on the genetic background of the cancer cells and their surrounding environment.
Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma among patients with pernicious anemia
Authors: Boysen Trine , Friborg Jeppe , Stribolt Katrine , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen , Goertz Sanne , Wohlfahrt Jan , Melbye Mads 
Published: January 2011

AbstractApproximately 9% of gastric carcinomas worldwide are associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), making it the most frequent EBV‐associated malignancy. Pernicious anemia, a condition with chronic gastritis and achlorhydria, is strongly associated with gastric carcinoma. Both chronic inflammation and the lack of stomach acid may influence the likelihood of EBV infection of the neoplastic gastric epithelium, but the prevalence of EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma among patients with pernicious anemia is unknown. Therefore, we conducted a Danish nationwide case–control study comparing gastric carcinoma patients with pernicious anemia (PA‐GC) with those without pernicious anemia (nonPA‐GC), frequency matched 1:2. Tumor tissues were reclassified by expert histopathologists blinded to pernicious anemia and EBV status. In total, 186 samples (55 PA‐GC and 131 nonPA‐GC) were identified. EBV‐associated gastric carcinoma (EBV‐GC) was more common among PA‐GC compared with nonPA‐GC, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.53 (CI: 0.88; 7.14), p = 0.08, with further adjustment for lymphocytic infiltrate OR = 2.94 (0.99–8.67), p = 0.05. Gastric carcinomas with signet‐ring cell morphology were significantly less common in patients with PA‐GC compared with nonPA‐GC (OR = 0.05, CI 0.01; 0.24). Although these conditions are rare, we found suggestive evidence that EBV‐associated gastric carcinomas are more common among gastric carcinoma patients with pernicious anemia compared with those without.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood lymphoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Antonopoulos C.N. , Sergentanis T.N. , Papadopoulou C. , Andrie E. , Dessypris N. , Panagopoulou P. , Polychronopoulou S. , Pourtsidis A. , Athanasiadou‐Piperopoulou F. , Kalmanti M. , Sidi V. , Moschovi M. , Petridou E.T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResults from epidemiological studies exploring the association between childhood lymphoma and maternal smoking during pregnancy have been contradictory. This meta‐analysis included all published cohort (n = 2) and case–control (n = 10) articles; among the latter, the data of the Greek Nationwide Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies study were updated to include all recently available cases (‐2008). Odds ratios (ORs), relative risks and hazard ratios were appropriately pooled in three separate analyses concerning non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, n = 1,072 cases), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, n = 538 cases) and any lymphoma (n = 1,591 cases), according to data availability in the included studies. An additional metaregression analysis was conducted to explore dose–response relationships. A statistically significant association between maternal smoking (any vs. no) during pregnancy and risk for childhood NHL was observed (OR = 1.22, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03–1.45, fixed effects model), whereas the risk for childhood HL was not statistically significant (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66–1.21, fixed effects model). The analysis on any lymphoma did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.96–1.27, fixed effects model), possibly because of the case‐mix of NHL to HL. No dose–response association was revealed in the metaregression analysis. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis points to a modest increase in the risk for childhood NHL, but not HL, among children born by mothers smoking during pregnancy. Further investigation of dose–response phenomena in the NHL association, however, warrants accumulation of additional data.
Regulation of p53 and cell proliferation by resveratrol and its derivatives in breast cancer cells: An in silico and biochemical approach targeting integrin αvβ3
Authors: Hsieh Tze‐Chen , Wong Christina , John Bennett Dylan , Wu Joseph M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResveratrol is a grape polyphenol with cancer preventative activities in tissue culture and animal model studies. Potential of resveratrol as a broad‐based chemopreventive agent have been questioned by its limited bioavailability. The bioefficacy of resveratrol was compared with its derivatives, triacetyl‐resveratrol (trans‐3,5,4′‐triacetylstilbene) and trimethoxy‐resveratrol (trans‐3,5,4′‐trimethoxystilbene) in both estrogen receptor‐α (ERα)‐positive MCF‐7 and ERα‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. Binding to integrin αvβ3 and control of cell proliferation and p53 were chosen as targets for comparative analysis using an in silico and biochemical approach. Resveratrol and triacetyl‐resveratrol interacted avidly and specifically with integrin αvβ3 through binding at the site targeted by the high affinity cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide. In contrast, binding of trimethoxy‐resveratrol to this site was substantially less robust. Moreover, the different stilbenes also elicited diverse cellular and signaling responses in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, as evidenced by analysis of colony formation, cell proliferation, cell cycle phase transition, the extent of phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and p53‐inducible proteins, p21 and p53R2, respectively. Further, stilbene‐elicited signaling cascade leading to p53 activation was examined in MCF‐7 cells and results showed that resveratrol and triacetyl‐resveratrol induced both ERK and p38 phosphorylation, whereas only marginal changes in state of phosphorylation in these two kinases were observed in trimethoxy‐resveratrol‐treated cells. Taken together, these results support that resveratrol and triacetyl‐resveratrol regulate proliferation and gene expression in breast cancer cells by utilizing largely similar signaling molecules and pathways and cellular events, which appear quite distinct from those targeted by trimethoxy‐resveratrol.
Characterization of bionanocomposite scaffolds comprised of amine‐functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes crosslinked to an acellular porcine tendon
Authors: Deeken Corey R. , Cozad Matthew J. , Bachman Sharon L. , Ramshaw Bruce J. , Grant Sheila A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNT) possess many unique electrical and mechanical properties that make them useful for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. They are especially attractive materials for biomedical applications since their dimensions are similar to components of the extracellular matrix. In this study, amine‐functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes were crosslinked to an acellular porcine diaphragm tendon. The resulting bionanocomposite scaffolds were subjected to a number of materials characterization techniques including a collagenase assay, uniaxial tensile testing, modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy to determine whether the properties of the original extracellular matrix were altered by the treatment processes. A variety of SWCNT concentrations were investigated. While none of the conditions investigated resulted in bionanocomposites with significantly improved physicochemical properties, no detrimental effects were observed due to any of the processing steps. Future studies should be performed to determine if carbon nanotubes can influence cellular adhesion and function in order to promote rapid integration and remodeling. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Incidental sonographic detection of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the urinary bladder found in a very young woman: Report of a case
Authors: Szopiński Tomasz R. , Sudoł‐Szopińska Iwona , Dzik Tomasz , Borówka Andrzej , Dembowska‐Bagińska Bożenna , Perek Danuta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a rare case of a mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)‐type lymphoma of the bladder, incidentally found on sonography in a 17‐year‐old girl during the workup of arterial hypertension. The diagnosis was established by a transurethral biopsy. Treatment consisted of transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and subsequent chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest patient with asymptomatic MALT‐type lymphoma of the urinary bladder. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Engaging hospitalists in antimicrobial stewardship: The CDC perspective
Authors: Srinivasan Arjun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere has never been a more important time to promote efforts to improve the use of antibiotics in hospitals. The growing challenges of C. difficile infections and antimicrobial resistance can both be addressed, at least in part, through so called “antimicrobial stewardship” efforts. Data suggest that when the right antibiotics are prescribed at the right dose for the right durations patient outcomes are improved and healthcare dollars are saved. That improving antibiotic use is a win‐win‐win is not in question; what remains to be determined is how best to ensure that these efforts are implemented in all hospitals. I believe that hospitalists must play an important role in advancing antimicrobial stewardship. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:S31‐S33.