bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequate linear catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: Influencing factors and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Tian Anran , Meng Fucheng , Li Sujuan , Wu Yichi , Zhang Cai , Luo Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA minority of children born small for gestational age (SGA) may experience catch-up growth failure and remain short in adulthood. However, the underlying causes and mechanisms of this phenomenon are not yet fully comprehended. We reviewed the present state of research concerning the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis and growth plate in SGA children who fail to achieve catch-up growth. Additionally, we explored the factors influencing catch-up growth in SGA children and potential molecular mechanisms involved. Furthermore, we considered the potential benefits of supplementary nutrition, specific dietary patterns, probiotics and drug therapy in facilitating catch-up growth.
SUBTLE: An Unsupervised Platform with Temporal Link Embedding that Maps Animal Behavior
Authors: Kwon Jea , Kim Sunpil , Kim Dong-Kyum , Joo Jinhyeong , Kim SoHyung , Cha Meeyoung , Lee C. Justin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile huge strides have recently been made in language-based machine learning, the ability of artificial systems to comprehend the sequences that comprise animal behavior has been lagging behind. In contrast, humans instinctively recognize behaviors by finding similarities in behavioral sequences. Here, we develop an unsupervised behavior-mapping framework, SUBTLE (spectrogram-UMAP-based temporal-link embedding), to capture comparable behavioral repertoires from 3D action skeletons. To find the best embedding method, we devise a temporal proximity index (TPI) as a new metric to gauge temporal representation in the behavioral embedding space. The method achieves the best TPI score compared to current embedding strategies. Its spectrogram-based UMAP clustering not only identifies subtle inter-group differences but also matches human-annotated labels. SUBTLE framework automates the tasks of both identifying behavioral repertoires like walking, grooming, standing, and rearing, and profiling individual behavior signatures like subtle inter-group differences by age. SUBTLE highlights the importance of temporal representation in the behavioral embedding space for human-like behavioral categorization.
Hepatic WDR23 proteostasis mediates insulin homeostasis by regulating insulin-degrading enzyme capacity
Authors: Duangjan Chatrawee , Arpawong Thalida Em , Spatola Brett N. , Curran Sean P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaintaining insulin homeostasis is critical for cellular and organismal metabolism. In the liver, insulin is degraded by the activity of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Here, we establish a hepatic regulatory axis for IDE through WDR23-proteostasis. Wdr23KO mice have increased IDE expression, reduced circulating insulin, and defective insulin responses. Genetically engineered human cell models lacking WDR23 also increase IDE expression and display dysregulated phosphorylation of insulin signaling cascade proteins, IRS-1, AKT2, MAPK, FoxO, and mTOR, similar to cells treated with insulin, which can be mitigated by chemical inhibition of IDE. Mechanistically, the cytoprotective transcription factor NRF2, a direct target of WDR23-Cul4 proteostasis, mediates the enhanced transcriptional expression of IDE when WDR23 is ablated. Moreover, an analysis of human genetic variation in WDR23 across a large naturally aging human cohort in the US Health and Retirement Study reveals a significant association of WDR23 with altered hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels in older adults, supporting the use of WDR23 as a new molecular determinant of metabolic health in humans.
Effect of Intraoperative Blood Pressure Regulation on Postoperative Hemorrhage After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Fink Mira , Stock Shayda , Fink Jodok Matthias , Seifert Gabriel , Broghammer Veit , Herrmann Stephan , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Marjanovic Goran , Laessle Claudia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
With a rising number of bariatric procedures, the absolute number of postoperative complications is increasing, too. Postoperative bleeding, particularly along the staple line, is a recognized challenge. Numerous strategies including reinforcement of the staple line (SLR) have been proposed to improve bleeding rates, but no single technique has shown superiority over the others. In our bariatric center, we have implemented intraoperative blood pressure regulation alone, without SLR, to reduce hemorrhagic complications postoperatively.

Methods
This retrospective observational analysis compares the incidence of postoperative bleeding in two groups of consecutive patients (total n = 438 patients), one with and one without intraoperative blood pressure elevation to 150 mmHg systolic without the additional use of staple line reinforcement. This intervention was integrated into our standard bariatric surgical procedure, no randomization or matching was conducted. Significant postoperative bleeding was defined as drop of hemoglobin of more than 2.5 mg/dl in 48 h and one of the following symptoms: lactate ≥ 2 mmol/L, bloody drainage, quantity of drainage more than 200 ml and/or radiological signs.

Results
Defined postoperative bleeding occurred in 33 (7.5%) patients. We observed a decrease in bleeding rates from 10% to 5% (n = 22 vs. n = 11) after introducing intraoperative blood pressure increase (p = 0.034). The rate of revisional surgery for bleeding also decreased from 2.7% to 0.5% (n = 6 vs. n = 1). In multivariate analysis, the intervention with blood pressure elevation showed a significant decrease on bleeding rates (p = 0.038).

Conclusion
The use of increased intraoperative blood pressure alone, without staple line reinforcement, appears to be an effective and suitable method for reducing post-bariatric hemorrhagic complications.

Graphical Abstract
Viral Transmission? A Longitudinal Study of Media Use and Its Relation to Mental Strain During the First 2 Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bendau Antonia , Petzold Moritz Bruno , Ströhle Andreas , Plag Jens 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In light of the dynamic COVID-19 pandemic, the exposure to pandemic-related media coverage may change over time and may be particularly relevant due to associations with psychopathological symptoms. The aims of the present study were to examine changes in media consumption over time and to analyze its prospective associations with psychological strain.

Method
The study uses a longitudinal observational design with ten periods of online data collection from March 2020 to April 2022 in an adult convenience sample (N = 8337) of the general population in Germany.

Results
Our data revealed that the frequency and duration of pandemic-related media exposure as well as their subjective critical evaluation showed the highest levels at the beginning of the pandemic and peaked again in autumn 2020 and spring 2021. The primarily used media formats changed only slightly over time. The amount of media exposure at baseline was associated with more impairing pandemic-related anxiety 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years later.

Conclusion
Our results hint to potentially problematical and long-lasting associations of pandemic-related media consumption with mental strain. Our findings could serve as an orientation for recommendations, further research, and adequate interventions for a responsible dealing with media coverage.

Trial Registration
The authors have pre-registered this research at clinicaltrials.gov without an analysis plan; retrievable at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331106.
Network Analysis of Mindfulness and Mental Health Symptoms among Firefighters: A Transdiagnostic Lens
Authors: Yan Vivienne Yu-X. , Vujanovic Anka A. , Ponder Warren N. , Carbajal Jose , Medvedev Oleg N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Previous research has established the protective role of mindfulness against various psychological disorders and maladaptive behaviours. However, the associations between specific facets of mindfulness and diverse mental health and behavioural outcomes have not been thoroughly investigated in populations with risky occupations. The aim of this study was to examine the direct and indirect associations between the five facets of mindfulness and prevalent mental health and behavioural outcomes among firefighters, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anger, suicide risk, sleep quality, and alcohol use.

Method
The assessment scores of 685 career firefighters (Mage = 38.40, SD = 8.64; 93.6% males; 77.7% White) including 154 (22.5%) military veterans, who completed measures of mindfulness, depression, PTSD, anger, suicide risk, sleep quality, and alcohol use, were investigated using both directional and non-directional network analysis.

Results
Directional network analysis indicated the primary role of anger in triggering PTSD and impacting mindfulness, leading to alcohol use, suicidal ideation, impaired sleep quality, and depression as an outcome. Mindfulness facets of Non-reactivity, Non-judging, and Describing were negatively associated with depression, while the Acting with awareness facet was inversely linked to anger.

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the clinical significance of targeting specific mindfulness facets in interventions for high-risk occupations, such as firefighters. Focusing on Non-reactivity, Non-judging, Describing, and Acting with awareness may help mitigate anger, depression, and other negative outcomes. Addressing anger management could be especially important in preventing or reducing PTSD, alcohol use, suicidal ideation, sleep disturbances, and depression, ultimately enhancing psychological well-being and quality of life.
Strobilurin X acts as an anticancer drug by inhibiting protein synthesis and suppressing mitochondrial respiratory chain activity
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Tanaka Tomoya , Ishihara Atsushi , Ohta Toshio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Strobilurins act as antifungal agents by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The cytotoxic activity of strobilurins, focusing on its anticancer activities, has been reported. However, the mechanisms involved in these activities remain unclear.

Methods
The cytotoxic effects of strobilurin X isolated from the mycelium of Mucidula. venosolamellata were examined in human cancer cell lines (A549 and HeLa) and normal fibroblasts (WI-38).

Results
Strobilurin X significantly decreased the viability of A549 and HeLa cells compared to that in the WI-38 cells after 48 h of exposure. The EC50 values for cytotoxicity in the A549, HeLa, and WI-38 cells were 3.4, 5.4, and 16.8 μg/mL, respectively. Strobilurin X inhibited the mitochondrial respiratory chain and enhanced the release of lactate in the A549 cells. The IC50 value of strobilurin X against the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III activity was 139.8 ng/mL. The cytotoxicity induced by strobilurin X was not completely rescued after adding uridine, methyl pyruvate, or N-acetyl cysteine. Furthermore, pharmacological approaches demonstrated that strobilurin X failed to modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathways; alternatively, it suppressed protein synthesis independent of uridine.

Conclusion
Strobilurin X induced cytotoxicity by blocking the mitochondrial respiratory chain and suppressing protein synthesis. These findings may aid in the development of novel anticancer drugs using strobilurins.
Equity and Justice in Loss and Damage Finance: A Narrative Review of Catalysts and Obstacles
Authors: Uri Ike , Robinson Stacy-ann , Roberts J. Timmons , Ciplet David , Weikmans Romain , Khan Mizan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Recent focus on loss and damage within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) follows decades of demands by vulnerable countries for compensation for losses due to climate change. Reviewing recent literature on loss and damage finance, we consider how the new UNFCCC Loss and Damage Fund could be transformative for climate finance.

Recent Findings
This article reviews developments within the UNFCCC, including the creation of the new Loss and Damage Fund and changes in the broader field of climate finance. Recent literature indicates that the factors necessary for just loss and damage finance include inclusive governance, new and additional funds, purpose-made instruments and channels, direct access to funds, and burden sharing aligned with the polluter pays principle.

Summary
We overview the history of loss and damage finance, suggest five criteria that could make the Loss and Damage Fund just, and discuss four potential catalysts for just loss and damage finance: ecological and climatic impacts, institutional developments outside the UNFCCC, Global South leadership on debt justice, and legal developments. As the Loss and Damage Fund is operationalized and the need for loss and damage finance grows, scholars must continue to ask whether loss and damage finance furthers core tenets of climate justice, including forms of restitution.
Segmentation of ethnic clothing patterns with fusion of multiple attention mechanisms
Authors: Ning Tao , Gao Yuan , Han Yumeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo address the challenges posed by diverse pattern-background elements, intricate details, and complex textures in the semantic segmentation of ethnic clothing patterns, this research introduces a novel semantic segmentation network model called MST-Unet (Mixed Swin Transformer U-net). The proposed model combines a U-shaped network structure with multiple attention mechanisms. The upper layers of the model employ classical convolutional operations, focusing on local relationships in the initial layers containing high-resolution details. In deeper layers, Swin Transformer modules are utilized, capable of efficient feature extraction with smaller spatial dimensions, maintaining performance while reducing computational burden. An attention gate mechanism is integrated into the decoder, contributing to enhanced performance in ethnic clothing pattern segmentation tasks by allowing the model to better capture crucial image features and achieve precise segmentation results. In visual comparisons of segmentation results, our proposed model demonstrates superior performance. The segmentation results exhibit more complete preservation of edge contours and fewer misclassifications in irrelevant regions within the images. In qualitative and quantitative experiments conducted on the ethnic clothing pattern dataset, our model achieves the highest Dice score for segmentation results in all four subclasses of ethnic clothing patterns. The average Dice score of our model reaches an impressive 89.80%, surpassing other algorithms in the same category. When compared to Deeplab_V3+, ResUnet, SwinUnet, and Unet networks, our model outperforms them by 7.72%, 5.09%, 5.05%, and 0.67%.
Application of Response Surface Methodology on the Optimization of Chromite Recovery from the South African Middle Group Chromite Seams
Authors: Kaseba Chris Ndoe Ya Leza , Nheta Willie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to optimize the recovery of chromite from the chrome plant tailings of the South African Middle Group chromite seams using a Wilfley shaking table. The optimization process employed the response surface methodology in conjunction with the central composite design. The independent variables considered in the investigation included the tilt angle (°), sample feed rate (g/min), table vibration (Hz), water flow rate (L/H), and particle size range (µm). On the other hand, the recovery (%), grade (% Cr2O3), Cr/Fe ratio, and separation efficiency (SE) (%) were determined as the response variables. Based on the characterization results, the sample was identified as a low-grade chromite containing 19.86% Cr2O3 and 18.12% Fe2O3 with a Cr/Fe ratio of 1.07. The bulk gangue material was well-liberated and rich in MgO (10.45%), Al2O3 (12.10%), and SiO2 (33.70%). The particle size distribution of the sample was 80% passing 106 µm. The optimal values for recovery, grade, Cr/Fe ratio and SE were found to be 71.59%, 36.97% Cr2O3, 1.52 and 30% respectively. The corresponding operating conditions were a tilt angle of 5.88°, a sample feed rate of 175 g/min, a table vibration of 44.5 Hz, a water flow rate of 366.16 L/H, and a particle size range of − 106 + 53 µm.
Graphical Abstract
A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications
Authors: Beeren I. A. O. , Dos Santos G. , Dijkstra P. J. , Mota C. , Bauer J. , Ferreira H. , Reis Rui L. , Neves N. , Camarero-Espinosa S. , Baker M. B. , Moroni L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMelt extrusion-based additive manufacturing (ME-AM) is a promising technique to fabricate porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. However, most synthetic semicrystalline polymers do not possess the intrinsic biological activity required to control cell fate. Grafting of biomolecules on polymeric surfaces of AM scaffolds enhances the bioactivity of a construct; however, there are limited strategies available to control the surface density. Here, we report a strategy to tune the surface density of bioactive groups by blending a low molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone)5k (PCL5k) containing orthogonally reactive azide groups with an unfunctionalized high molecular weight PCL75k at different ratios. Stable porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds were then fabricated using a high weight percentage (75 wt.%) of the low molecular weight PCL5k. As a proof-of-concept test, we prepared films of three different mass ratios of low and high molecular weight polymers with a thermopress and reacted with an alkynated fluorescent model compound on the surface, yielding a density of 201–561 pmol/cm2. Subsequently, a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-derived peptide was grafted onto the films comprising different blend compositions, and the effect of peptide surface density on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) was assessed. After two weeks of culturing in a basic medium, cells expressed higher levels of BMP receptor II (BMPRII) on films with the conjugated peptide. In addition, we found that alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly enhanced on films containing the highest peptide density (i.e., 561 pmol/cm2), indicating the importance of the surface density. Taken together, these results emphasize that the density of surface peptides on cell differentiation must be considered at the cell-material interface. Moreover, we have presented a viable strategy for ME-AM community that desires to tune the bulk and surface functionality via blending of (modified) polymers. Furthermore, the use of alkyne–azide “click” chemistry enables spatial control over bioconjugation of many tissue-specific moieties, making this approach a versatile strategy for tissue engineering applications.
Graphic abstract
Dissolved black nitrogen: an overlooked active nano-catalyst in the abiotic transformation of chlorophenols by sulfides in the subsurface water
Authors: Zhang Yikang , Wang Meiyan , Wang Yiwen , Wang Fei , Gong Yan , Yin Kaiyue , Lian Fei , Xing Baoshan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels results in the formation of not only black carbon (BC) but also black nitrogen (BN), the dissolved fractions of which (i.e., DBC and DBN) are important components of dissolved organic matter pool. Relative to DBC, the activity and reactivity of DBN are much less understood. Here, we investigated the catalytic effect of DBN derived from N-enriched biomass in the abiotic transformation of chlorophenols by sulfides. The medium-temperature DBN (450 °C) exhibited 13–144% higher catalytic efficiency than other DBN samples and 9.3 times higher than its DBC counterpart. Both electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and fluorescent probe technique indicated that the attached sulfides contributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the “primary” radicals by favoring electron transfer from DBN to chemisorbed oxygen, and then the generated ROS reacted with N-oxides in DBN to form reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as the “secondary” radicals. The contribution of RNS to the decay of 2-chlorophenol by DBN450 was up to 72%, much higher than that of ROS and non-radical mechanism. These findings suggest that the catalytic effect of DBN is distinct but no less significant than that of DBC to the abiotic transformation of micropollutants in water/soil systems.
Graphical Abstract
Double-barreled defense: dual ent-miltiradiene synthases in most rice cultivars
Authors: Feng Yiling , Weers Tristan , Peters Reuben J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) produces numerous diterpenoid phytoalexins that are important in defense against pathogens. Surprisingly, despite extensive previous investigations, a major group of such phytoalexins, the abietoryzins, were only recently reported. These aromatic abietanes are presumably derived from ent-miltiradiene, but such biosynthetic capacity has not yet been reported in O. sativa. While wild rice has been reported to contain such an enzyme, specifically ent-kaurene synthase-like 10 (KSL10), the only characterized ortholog from O. sativa (OsKSL10), specifically from the well-studied cultivar (cv.) Nipponbare, instead has been shown to make ent-sandaracopimaradiene, precursor to the oryzalexins. Notably, in many other cultivars, OsKSL10 is accompanied by a tandem duplicate, termed here OsKSL14. Biochemical characterization of OsKLS14 from cv. Kitaake demonstrates that this produces the expected abietoryzin precursor ent-miltiradiene. Strikingly, phylogenetic analysis of OsKSL10 across the rice pan-genome reveals that from cv. Nipponbare is an outlier, whereas the alleles from most other cultivars group with those from wild rice, suggesting that these also might produce ent-miltiradiene. Indeed, OsKSL10 from cv. Kitaake exhibits such activity as well, consistent with its production of abietoryzins but not oryzalexins. Similarly consistent with these results is the lack of abietoryzin production by cv. Nipponbare. Although their equivalent product outcome might suggest redundancy, OsKSL10 and OsKSL14 were observed to exhibit distinct expression patterns, indicating such differences may underlie retention of these duplicated genes. Regardless, the results reported here clarify abietoryzin biosynthesis and provide insight into the evolution of rice diterpenoid phytoalexins.