bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compaction Characteristics of Non-Gravel and Gravelly Soils Using a Small Compaction Apparatus
Authors: Chinkulkijniwat Avirut , Man-Koksung Ekachai , Uchaipichat Anuchit , Horpibulsuk Suksun 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The standard Proctor test has been widely used and accepted for characterizing soil compatibility for field compaction control. This paper presents a time- and cost-effective method to predict standard Proctor compaction characteristics of non-gravel and gravelly soils using a proposed small apparatus. This small apparatus is similar to the standard Proctor apparatus and easily introduced into soil mechanics laboratory. A comparison of the compaction characteristics of non-gravel soils measured from the proposed small apparatus and from the standard Proctor apparatus shows that this small apparatus can be used as an alternative to the standard Proctor apparatus and regarded as a practical tool for non-gravel soils. For gravelly soils, gravel content mainly controls compaction energy transmitted to the fine fraction and hence its compaction characteristics. A relationship between the generalized optimum water content of the fine fraction in the gravelly soil and the gravel content is established. This relationship leads to an effective method of predicting standard Proctor compaction characteristics of gravelly soils compacted in standard molds using compaction results from the proposed small apparatus. Comparisons between the predicted and the measured compaction characteristics are in very good agreement.
Addressing Adolescent Immunization Disparities: A Retrospective Analysis of School-Based Health Center Immunization Delivery
Authors: Federico Steven G. , Abrams Lisa , Everhart Rachel M. , Melinkovich Paul , Hambidge Simon J. 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We compared completion rates for adolescent immunization series administered at school-based health centers (SBHCs) to completion rates for series administered at community health centers (CHCs) within a single integrated delivery system. Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from an immunization registry for patients aged 12–18 years. Patients were assigned to either an SBHC or a CHC during the study interval based on utilization. We used bivariate analysis to compare immunization series completion rates between the 2 groups and multivariate analysis to compare risk factors for underimmunization. We performed subanalyses by ages 12–15 years versus ages 16–18 years for human papillomavirus (HPV) and for the combination of HPV; tetanus, diptheria, and pertussis (Tdap); and tetravalent meningococcus virus. Results. SBHC users had significantly higher completion rates (P < .001) for hepatitis B, Tdap, inactivated poliovirus, varicella, measles/mumps/rubella, and HPV for ages 16–18 years, and for the combination of HPV, Tdap, and MCV4 for ages 16–18 years. CHC users had higher completion rates for tetanus and diphtheria. Conclusions. SBHCs had higher completion rates than did CHCs for immunization series among those aged 12–18 years, despite serving a population with limited insurance coverage.
Influence of Schoolyard Renovations on Children's Physical Activity: The Learning Landscapes Program
Authors: Brink Lois A. , Nigg Claudio R. , M. R. Lampe Sarah , Kingston Beverly A. , Mootz Andrew L. , van Vliet Willem 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We examined whether schoolyard improvements led to increased physical activity levels among both boys and girls and assessed the aspects of schoolyard design that have an impact on physical activity. Methods. In a quasi-experimental research design, 6 schools with renovated schoolyards and 3 control schools were divided into activity areas. We calculated measures of children's physical activity by area during school hours as well as after-school hours. Results. The volume of schoolyard use was significantly higher at schools with renovated schoolyards than at control schools, and students were significantly more active at these schools. Also, activity levels were significantly higher among both boys and girls in certain schoolyard areas, such as those with soft surfaces. Conclusions. Because few public elementary schools in the United States provide daily physical education or its equivalent for all students throughout the school year, noncurriculum approaches to increasing children's physical activity are important. Renovated schoolyards increase the number of children who are physically active, as well as their overall activity levels, and reduce sedentary behaviors.
Integrated Schools, Segregated Curriculum: Effects of Within-School Segregation on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Educational Aspirations
Authors: Walsemann Katrina M. , Bell Bethany A. 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We examined the extent to which within-school segregation, as measured by unevenness in the distribution of Black and White adolescents across levels of the English curriculum (advanced placement–international baccalaureate–honors, general, remedial, or no English), was associated with smoking, drinking, and educational aspirations, which previous studies found are related to school racial/ethnic composition. Methods. We analyzed data from wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, restricting our sample to non-Hispanic Blacks (n = 2731) and Whites (n = 4158) who from 1994 to 1995 attended high schools that enrolled Black and White students. Results. White female students had higher predicted probabilities of smoking or drinking than did Black female students; the largest differences were in schools with high levels of within-school segregation. Black male students had higher predicted probabilities of high educational aspirations than did White male students in schools with low levels of within-school segregation; this association was attenuated for Black males attending schools with moderate or high levels of within-school segregation. Conclusions. Our results provide evidence that within-school segregation may influence both students' aspirations and their behaviors.
School Environment and the Mental Health of Sexual Minority Youths: A Study Among Dutch Young Adolescents
Authors: Sandfort Theo G. M. , Bos Henny M. W. , Collier Kate L. , Metselaar Marijke 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We examined whether structural elements of the school environment, in particular cultural pluralism and consistency and clarity of school rules and expectations of students, could mitigate the risk for mental health problems among young sexual minority adolescents. Methods. Data were collected in 2008 by means of a computer-based questionnaire completed at school by 513 young Dutch adolescents (12–15 years old) during regular class times. Eleven percent of these students, who were enrolled in 8 different schools, reported having at least some feelings of same-sex attraction. Results. Adolescents with same-sex attractions in schools where rules and expectations were experienced as less consistent and clear reported significantly more mental health problems than their peers with no same-sex attractions in the same schools. Such differences were absent in schools where rules and expectations were experienced as more consistent and clear. There were no such effects of cultural pluralism. Conclusions. Our results suggest that schools with consistent and clear rules and expectations mitigate the risk for mental health problems among students with same-sex attractions and underscore the importance of structural measures for the health of sexual minority youth.
Suicide Patterns and Association With Predictors Among Rhode Island Public High School Students: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Jiang Yongwen , Perry Donald Kent , Hesser Jana Earl 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We analyzed Rhode Island's 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data to investigate suicide patterns and their association with suicide risk predictors among public high school students.Methods. We used latent class regression analysis of Rhode Island's 2007 YRBS data (from a random sample of 2210 public high school students) to model latent classes of suicide risk and identify predictors of latent class membership.Results. Four latent classes of suicide risk were modeled and predictors were associated with each: class 1 (emotionally healthy, 74%); class 2 (considered and planned suicide, 14%) was associated with being female, having low grades, being gay/lesbian/bisexual/unsure, feeling unsafe at school, having experienced forced sexual intercourse, and self-perceived overweight; class 3 (attempted suicide, 6%) was associated with speaking a language other than English at home, being gay/lesbian/bisexual/unsure, feeling unsafe at school, and forced sexual intercourse; and class 4 (planned and attempted suicide, 6%) was associated with the previously mentioned predictors and with being in 9th or 10th grade and currently smoking.Conclusions. A single model characterized and quantified 4 patterns of suicide risk among adolescents and identified predictors for 3 at-risk classes. Interventions for high-risk youths may help prevent adolescent suicides.
Bridging the Gap: Using School-Based Health Services to Improve Chlamydia Screening Among Young Women
Authors: Braun Rebecca A. , Provost Jackie M. 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We implemented a chlamydia screening program targeted at young women accessing reproductive health care services in a school-based setting, and we assessed racial/ethnic factors associated with infection. Methods. The California Family Health Council partnered with 9 health care agencies receiving federal Title X family planning funding and 19 educational institutions to implement the Educational Partnerships to Increase Chlamydia Screening (EPICS) program from January 2008 through December 2008. Results. EPICS agencies provided reproductive health services to 3396 unique sexually active females, 85% of whom self-reported no other source for reproductive health care. Chlamydia screening was provided to 3026 clients (89.1% chlamydia screening coverage). Of those screened for chlamydia, 5.6% tested positive. Clients who were African American (odds ratio [OR] = 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.9, 14.3), Pacific Islander (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.1, 15.5), or Asian (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.4, 8.1) were more likely to have a positive test than were White clients. Conclusions. Chlamydia screening programs implemented in school-based settings have the capacity to identify and treat a significant amount of asymptomatic infection in a population that otherwise may not be reached. To facilitate screening, school-based clinics should implement outreach strategies that target their school population and clinical strategies that maximize opportunities for screening.
Global Inequality in Eye Health: Country-Level Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Ono Koichi , Hiratsuka Yoshimune , Murakami Akira 
Published: July 2010

Objectives. We assessed global inequality in eye health by using data on the global burden of disease measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Methods. We estimated the burden of eye disease by calculating the sum of DALYs (from the Global Burden of Disease study, 2004 update) due to trachoma, vitamin A deficiency, glaucoma, cataract, refractive errors, and macular degeneration. We assessed the geographic distribution of eye disease in relation to economic status and etiology by calculating the Gini coefficient, the Theil index, and the Atkinson index. Results. The global burden of eye disease was estimated at 61.4 million DALYs worldwide (4.0% of total DALYs). Vitamin A deficiency and trachoma were distributed more unevenly than were noncommunicable eye diseases, regardless of economic status. For noncommunicable eye diseases, the major contributor was refractive errors, regardless of economic status. The most uneven distribution was observed for cataract (high-income countries) and refractive errors (middle- and low-income countries). Conclusions. Creating new eye health service for refractive errors and reducing the unacceptable eye health disparity in refractive errors should be the highest priorities for international public health services in eye care and eye health.
War Mobilization and the Great Compression
Authors: Scotese Carol A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
During the 1940s, the diversion of 55% of the workforce to wartime production, the induction of over 10 million young men into the armed forces, and the entry of millions of female, young, and elderly workers into the workplace subjected the labor force to large shocks. Also during the 1940s, the wage distribution compressed sharply and the returns to education fell. This paper uses wage changes between occupations to link wartime labor market shocks to the decline in the return to education and the decline in wage inequality. Wartime production favoring semi-skilled labor and the occupation-biased nature of the draft combined to compress both the lower and upper tails of the male wage distribution and the upper portion of the female wage distribution.
Examination of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Identify Patients With Neck Pain Likely to Benefit From Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation and a General Cervical Range of Motion Exercise: Multi-Center Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cleland Joshua A. , Mintken Paul E. , Carpenter Kristin , Fritz Julie M. , Glynn Paul , Whitman Julie , Childs John D. 
Published: July 2010

Background
A clinical prediction rule (CPR) purported to identify patients with neck pain who are likely to respond to thoracic spine thrust manipulation has recently been developed, but has yet to be validated.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of this CPR.

Design
This was a multi-center randomized clinical trial.

Methods
One hundred forty patients with a primary report of neck pain were randomly assigned to receive either 5 sessions of stretching and strengthening exercise (exercise-only group) or 2 sessions of thoracic spine manipulation and cervical range of motion exercise followed by 3 sessions of stretching and strengthening exercise (manipulation + exercise group). Data on disability and pain were collected at baseline, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 6 months. The primary aim (treatment group × time × status on the prediction rule) was examined using a linear mixed model with repeated measures. Time, treatment group, and status on the rule, as well as all possible 2-way and 3-way interactions, were modeled as fixed effects, with disability (and pain) as the dependent variable. Effect sizes were calculated for both pain and disability at each follow-up period.

Results
There was no 3-way interaction for either disability or pain. A 2-way (group × time) interaction existed for both disability and pain. Pair-wise comparisons of disability demonstrated that significant differences existed at each follow-up period between the manipulation + exercise group and the exercise-only group. The patients who received manipulation exhibited lower pain scores at the 1-week follow-up period. The effect sizes were moderate for disability at each follow-up period and were moderate for pain at the 1-week follow-up.

Limitations
Different exercise approaches may have resulted in a different outcome.

Conclusions
The results of the current study did not support the validity of the previously developed CPR. However, the results demonstrated that patients with mechanical neck pain who received thoracic spine manipulation and exercise exhibited significantly greater improvements in disability at both the short- and long-term follow-up periods and in pain at the 1-week follow-up compared with patients who received exercise only.
Functional mapping–guided resection of low-grade gliomas in eloquent areas of the brain: improvement of long-term survival
Authors: Chang Edward F. , Clark Aaron , Smith Justin S. , Polley Mei-Yin , Chang Susan M. , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Parsa Andrew T. , McDermott Michael W. , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: July 2010

Object
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) frequently infiltrate highly functional or “eloquent” brain areas. Given the lack of long-term survival data, the prognostic significance of eloquent brain tumor location and the role of functional mapping during resective surgery in presumed eloquent brain regions are unknown.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 281 cases involving adults who underwent resection of a supratentorial LGG at a brain tumor referral center. Preoperative MR images were evaluated blindly for involvement of eloquent brain areas, including the sensorimotor and language cortices, and specific subcortical structures. For high-risk tumors located in presumed eloquent brain areas, long-term survival estimates were evaluated for patients who underwent intraoperative functional mapping with electrocortical stimulation and for those who did not.

Results
One hundred and seventy-four patients (62%) had high-risk LGGs that were located in presumed eloquent areas. Adjusting for other known prognostic factors, patients with tumors in areas presumed to be eloquent had worse overall and progression-free survival (OS, hazard ratio [HR] 6.1, 95% CI 2.6–14.1; PFS, HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9; Cox proportional hazards). Confirmation of tumor overlapping functional areas during intraoperative mapping was strongly associated with shorter survival (OS, HR 9.6, 95% CI 3.6–25.9). In contrast, when mapping revealed that tumor spared true eloquent areas, patients had significantly longer survival, nearly comparable to patients with tumors that clearly involved only noneloquent areas, as demonstrated by preoperative imaging (OS, HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0–8.5).

Conclusions
Presumed eloquent location of LGGs is an important but modifiable risk factor predicting disease progression and death. Delineation of true functional and nonfunctional areas by intraoperative mapping in high-risk patients to maximize tumor resection can dramatically improve long-term survival.
Aneurysm of the distal anterior cerebral artery radiologically mimicking a ventricular mass
Authors: Şanlι A. Metin , Çekirge Saruhan , Şekerci Zeki 
Published: July 2010

The ventricular system is a rare localization for intracranial aneurysms. Most ventricular aneurysms arise from a distal branch of the choroidal arteries and a major branch point of the circle of Willis.
A 41-year-old-man suffering from dizziness of 2 weeks' duration was admitted to the clinic. On radiological examination, he had a well-circumscribed mass involving the frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle without radiological evidence of a prior or recent hemorrhage. Localization and radiological appearance were not typical of a ventricular mass and did not allow diagnosis. After cerebral angiography, an aneurysm arising from the distal anterior cerebral artery was incidentally found in an intraventricular location. This unruptured aneurysm was successfully treated via the endovascular route.
The authors describe the unusual case of a distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm with a dome extending into the right lateral ventricle, which appears to be the first such case in the literature. Angiography may be helpful to neurosurgeons in avoiding the disastrous complications of a biopsy procedure in such unusual cases.
Prediction of neurological deficits and recovery after surgery in the supplementary motor area: a prospective study in 26 patients
Authors: Rosenberg Keren , Nossek Erez , Liebling Ronit , Fried Itzhak , Shapira-Lichter Irit , Hendler Talma , Ram Zvi 
Published: July 2010

Object
Resection of lesions involving the supplementary motor area (SMA) may result in immediate postoperative motor and speech deficits that are reversible in most cases. In the present study the authors aimed to determine the critical involvement of SMA in the lesioned and healthy hemispheres in this functional recovery. They hypothesized that compensatory mechanisms take place following surgery in the SMA, and that these mechanisms can involve either the lesioned or the non-lesioned hemisphere. In addition, they hypothesized that a correlation will be present between the functional MR imaging (fMR) imaging–related activation in the SMA and the occurrence of a functional deficit during intraoperative cortical stimulation.

Methods
Twenty-six patients scheduled for resection of space-occupying lesions involving, or in the vicinity of, the SMA were recruited. Patients underwent an fMR imaging examination that included finger-tapping and verb-generation tests to assess for motor and language functions. Intraoperatively direct cortical stimulation (DCS) of the SMA region was performed while patients were monitored for language and motor functions using tests similar to those used for the fMR imaging. Task dysfunction during DCS assessed the critical involvement of the SMA in the tested functions. Neurological evaluations were performed prior to surgery and at 3 time points within a month following surgery. A region of interest–based approach was used to evaluate fMR imaging blood oxygen level–dependent activation level and asymmetry in the SMA. These measurements were later compared with the intraoperative DCS and neurological findings.

Results
Functional MR imaging showed greater activation and dominance of the SMA in the lesioned hemisphere in patients who exhibited no motor or language dysfunction during DCS. In addition, patients with the highest activation of the SMA in the lesioned hemisphere for language and motor tests showed stronger coupling of this region with ipsilateral motor and language networks. In contrast, activation in the nonlesioned hemisphere did not correspond with DCS results.

Conclusions
The authors' findings demonstrate the necessity of activation in the vicinity of the lesioned SMA for functional compensation in motor and language tasks. It is possible that more effective functional coupling of the SMA with motor and language areas in the same hemisphere prevents dysfunctions following surgical intervention. Importantly, fMR imaging activation in the unaffected SMA was not sufficient for development of functional compensation and, if anything, indicated decompensation.