bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fungicides for the management of Botryosphaeria dieback diseases of grapevines
Authors: Amponsah Nicholas T , Jones Eirian , Ridgway Hayley J , Jaspers Marlene V 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: A range of botryosphaeriaceous species can cause dieback and cankers in grapevines; however, different species most commonly affect the grapevines in different grape‐growing regions and countries. They infect through wounds and sporulate on woody stems and green shoots throughout the year, so wound protection is the recommended control strategy. This research evaluated fungicides for their ability to reduce mycelial growth and conidial germination of three botryosphaeriaceous species and to protect pruning wounds against infection.RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that nine out of 16 tested fungicides were effective at reducing mycelial growth and/or conidial germination of three isolates each of Neofusicoccum australe, N. luteum and Diplodia mutila. The species differed in their response to the fungicides, although N. luteum was usually the least sensitive. When nine selected fungicides were sprayed on cane pruning wounds on potted and field grapevines and subsequently inoculated with N. luteum conidia, some effectively protected them from infection. The most effective fungicides were flusilazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiophanate‐methyl and mancozeb, as they prevented the inoculated pathogen from infecting healthy wood in 100, 93, 87, 83 and 80% of field vines, respectively.CONCLUSION: This research has demonstrated that fungicides applied after winter pruning can protect vines from infection by conidia of three botryosphaeriaceous species. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrogenation of interface states at a clean grain boundary in the direct silicon bonded wafer
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Yu Xuegong , Gu Xin , Yang Deren , Rozgonyi George 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effect of hydrogenation on the electrical property of a clean grain boundary (GB) in the p‐type direct silicon bonded (DSB) wafers has been investigated by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage(C–V) deconvolution. It is found that compared to the as‐bonded GB, the energy distribution of interface states at the GB subjected to hydrogenation become shallower, and the hole capture cross‐section can be reduced by about two orders of magnitude, while the density of GB states changes only slightly. Therefore, a significantly smaller potential barrier of GB could be obtained after hydrogenation. These results are interesting for us to understand the mechanism of hydrogen passivation of GBs in photovoltaics.
Global stabilization of a class of uncertain upper‐triangular systems under sampled‐data control
Authors: Du Haibo , Qian Chunjiang , Li Shihua 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYThis paper considers the problem of using a sampled‐data controller to globally stabilize a class of uncertain upper‐triangular systems. First, we design a continuous‐time controller by integrating the nested saturation and Lyapunov design methods together. Then, the explicit formula for the maximum allowable sampling period is computed such that the discretized controller will guarantee global stability and robustness against uncertainties of the closed‐loop system. The bound of a proposed sampled‐data controller can be adjusted to any small level to accommodate the actuation bound in practical implementation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Endogenous Vitamin K-Dependent Mechanism Regulates Cell Proliferation in the Brain Subventricular Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Gely-Pernot Aurore , Coronas Valérie , Harnois Thomas , Prestoz Laetitia , Mandairon Nathalie , Didier Anne , Berjeaud Jean Marc , Monvoisin Arnaud , Bourmeyster Nicolas , De Frutos Pablo García , Philippe Michel , Benzakour Omar 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSC) persist in the adult mammalian brain, within the subventricular zone (SVZ). The endogenous mechanisms underpinning SVZ stem and progenitor cell proliferation are not fully elucidated. Vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are mainly secreted factors that were initially discovered as major regulators of blood coagulation. Warfarin ((S(−)-3-acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin)), a widespread anticoagulant, is a vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the production of functional VKDP. We demonstrate that the suppression of functional VKDPs production, in vitro, by exposure of SVZ cell cultures to warfarin or, in vivo, by its intracerebroventricular injection to mice, leads to a substantial increase in SVZ cell proliferation. We identify the anticoagulant factors, protein S and its structural homolog Gas6, as the two only VKDPs produced by SVZ cells and describe the expression and activation pattern of their Tyro3, Axl, and Mer tyrosine kinase receptors. Both in vitro and in vivo loss of function studies consisting in either Gas6 gene invalidation or in endogenous protein S neutralization, provided evidence for an important novel regulatory role of these two VKDPs in the SVZ neurogenic niche. Specifically, we show that while a loss of Gas6 leads to a reduction in the numbers of stem-like cells and in olfactory bulb neurogenesis, endogenous protein S inhibits SVZ cell proliferation. Our study opens up new perspectives for investigating further the role of vitamin K, VKDPs, and anticoagulants in NSC biology in health and disease.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Medium Access Control for dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks: analysis under uncertainty
Authors: Dong Qiumin , Niyato Dusit , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTMedium Access Control is an important component in cognitive radio that allow secondary users to identify and access spectrum opportunity without interfering with primary users. In this paper, a queueing model to analyze the performances of the secondary users in a cognitive radio network is presented. The queueing model considers the transmissions of a secondary system where a Medium Access Control algorithm is used to enable the secondary users to sense and access the channels. Also, a simple scheduler is employed to assign transmission time slots to the secondary users. Because the value of the system parameters can be perturbed and cannot be determined precisely, the analysis is extended to take uncertainty into account. In this case, a robust optimization method to study the Markov chain with uncertainty is applied to obtain the stationary probabilities of the queueing model under uncertainty. The lower and upper bounds of performance measures are obtained and compared with the nominal value. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proximal tibial derotation osteotomy for torsion of the tibia: A review of 43 cases
Authors: Walton David M. , Liu Raymond W. , Farrow Lutul D. , Thompson George H. 
Published: January 2012

Purpose Persistent tibial torsion in the older child can be treated with a derotation osteotomy. Distal tibial osteotomy has been recommended due to concerns of peroneal nerve palsy, vascular injury, and compartment syndrome with a proximal tibial osteotomy. However, an osteotomy in the proximal tibia may achieve union more rapidly and skin issues, as described for distal tibial osteotomies, are less likely. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of proximal tibial derotation osteotomies. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 43 tibiae in 25 consecutive children with persistent tibial torsion treated with a proximal tibial derotation osteotomy between 1991 and 2006. Patients with concomitant varus or valgus osteotomies were excluded. Diaphyseal fibular osteotomies were performed in five patients, while all patients had a prophylactic anterior compartment fasciotomy. Results The mean age at surgery was 10.4 ± 4.0 years and the mean follow-up was 3.2 ± 3.5 years. Patients with internal tibial torsion had a mean preoperative thigh–foot angle (TFA) of −14° ± 6° and a mean postoperative TFA of 8° ± 4°. Patients with external tibial torsion had a mean preoperative TFA of 38° ± 9° and a mean postoperative TFA of 7° ± 5°. The overall mean correction was 26° ± 9°. Major postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients (9%), including one peroneal nerve palsy which resolved, one delayed union requiring revision surgery, and two patients with mild postoperative valgus deformities. Conclusions Proximal tibial derotation osteotomy with an anterior compartment fasciotomy is a reliable method for treating tibial torsion with an acceptable complication rate. Given the larger bony surface area and improved soft tissue envelope, proximal tibial derotation osteotomy can be considered as an alternative to a distal tibial derotation osteotomy.
Perioperative Pharmacology: Patient‐Controlled Analgesia
Authors: Hicks Rodney W. , Hernandez Johnanna , Wanzer Linda J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPatient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) is an effective treatment option for reducing pain, but PCA errors can be quite serious. Opioid analgesics are among the most effective pain relievers available, but all have contraindications and can have adverse effects, including respiratory depression and other effects on the central nervous system. Practitioners must weigh the potential benefits of PCA use against the risks. Errors associated with the PCA process have been documented in each phase of the medication‐use process; therefore, practice improvements in prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring PCA may reduce the likelihood of errors. Perioperative nurses can make important contributions to safe PCA use by establishing standardized processes to help ensure positive patient outcomes in pain management.
Bone Products in Surgery: A Blueprint for Standardization
Authors: Smith Francis Duval 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSurgical facilities often stock many types of bone and bone products to meet the needs of multiple surgeons. In this era of cost containment, product standardization is necessary for the financial well‐being of health care facilities. By familiarizing themselves with bone and bone product harvesting and processing and the US Food and Drug Administration requirements for approval of these products, perioperative nurses and managers can more easily standardize the bone and tissue products stocked and reduce costs. Steps toward standardization include establishing a multidisciplinary surgical product use committee to evaluate products used in the OR, limiting the number of tissue vendors for the facility to as few as possible, completing a product inventory to identify what is currently available, and constructing charts to share with surgeons that provide the rationales for standardizing products.
Maternal prenatal omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation attenuates hyperoxia‐induced apoptosis in the developing rat brain
Authors: Tuzun Funda , Kumral Abdullah , Ozbal Seda , Dilek Mustafa , Tugyan Kazım , Duman Nuray , Ozkan Hasan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSupraphysiologic amounts of oxygen negatively influences brain maturation and development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether maternal ω‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω‐3 FA) supplementation during pregnancy protects the developing brain against hyperoxic injury. Thirty‐six rat pups from six different dams were divided into six groups according to the diet modifications and hyperoxia exposure. The groups were: a control group (standard diet + room air), a hyperoxia group (standard diet + 80% O2 exposure), a hyperoxia + high‐dose ω‐3 FA‐supplemented group, a hyperoxia + low‐dose ω‐3 FA‐supplemented group, a room air + low‐dose ω‐3 FA‐supplemented + group, and a room air + high dose ω‐3 FA‐supplemented group. The ω‐3 FA's were supplemented as a mixture of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from the second day of pregnancy until birth. Rat pups in the hyperoxic groups were exposed to 80% oxygen from birth until postnatal day 5 (P5). At P5, all animals were sacrificed. Neuronal cell death and apoptosis were evaluated by cell count, TUNEL, and active Caspase‐3 immunohistochemistry. Histopathological examination showed that maternally ω‐3 FA deficient diet and postnatal hyperoxia exposure were associated with significantly lower neuronal counts and significantly higher apoptotic cell death in the selected brain regions. Ω‐3 FA treatment significantly diminished apoptosis, in the selected brain regions, in a dose dependent manner. Our results suggest that the maternal ω‐3 FA supply may protect the developing brain against hyperoxic injury.
Opinion and experience of Brazilian women regarding menstrual bleeding and use of combined oral contraceptives
Authors: Makuch Maria Y. , Duarte‐Osis Maria J. , de Pádua Karla S. , Petta Carlos , Bahamondes Luis 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the opinion and experience of Brazilian women regarding menstruation and the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) to control monthly bleeding and induce amenorrhea.MethodsWomen attending regional public healthcare clinics for non‐gynecologic conditions, and female members of staff from university schools unrelated to the field of medicine completed a questionnaire.ResultsOf the 1111 women interviewed, 64.3% reported disliking menstruation. The desired frequency of bleeding was never (65.3%), less than monthly (18.2%), and every month or more often (16.5%). More than 60% of the women reported that they would use COCs to control menstrual bleeding, 82.0% would use COCs to reduce the amount of bleeding experienced, and 86.1% would use COCs to induce amenorrhea. When compared with women who disliked menstruation, those who reported that they liked to experience monthly bleeding had fewer years of schooling (OR1.98; 95% CI, 1.30–2.97), low socioeconomic status (OR 1.66; 95%CI, 1.12–2.46), fewer days of menstruation each month (OR 1.62; 95%CI, 1.11–2.36), and 1 or more child (OR 1.13; 95%CI, 1.01–1.26).ConclusionMany of the women surveyed disliked monthly menstruation and were interested in the use of COCs to control menstrual bleeding and induce amenorrhea.
Effects of individual resilience intervention on indigenous people who experienced Typhoon Morkot in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Su‐Fen , Cheng Chi‐Wei , Hsieh Wen‐Chung , Chi Meng‐Chun , Lin Szu‐Ju , Liao Yi‐Ting 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn 2009, Typhoon Morakot struck Taiwan and caused serious harm to the indigenous peoples living in the southern mountainous regions. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of and the factors involved in individual resilience intervention of typhoon victims. Quantitative research was performed from October 2009 through September 2010. Purposive sampling yielded 77 indigenous persons who were willing to serve as participants in this study. These participants all maintained legal or actual residence in the areas of Kaohsiung that were affected by the typhoon. An individual resilience intervention program was implemented. The findings show the following: (1) after completing the individual resilience intervention program, the participants had higher individual resilience scores than before participating in the intervention program; and (2) individual resilience scores were significantly affected by residency after the typhoon. These findings suggest that an individual resilience intervention program is a useful approach that can be used to enhance the individual resilience of a victim and that professionals should pay more attention to victims who have to leave their hometowns after disasters.
The Value of Active Investing: Can Active Institutional Investors Remove Excess Comovement of Stock Returns?
Authors: Ye Pengfei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study uses Cremers and Petajisto’s (2009) method to separate active institutional investors from passive ones and shows that active investors can alleviate the anomalous comovement of stock returns. Focusing on 2 events linked to the excess comovement anomaly, Standard & Poor’s 500 Index additions and stock splits, I find that if an event stock has more active institutional investors trading in the post-event period, the anomalous comovement effect disappears. In contrast, if an event stock experiences a massive exit of active investors, this anomaly persists. The exit of active institutional investors also results in a strong price synchronicity effect.
On a class of Schrödinger systems with critical exponents
Authors: Wang Youjun , Zou Wenming 
Published: January 2012

We consider the elliptic systemwhere N ≥ 4, λ > 0, α1, α2, β ε ℝ, p, p > 1, p + q = 2* = 2N/(N − 2) and α1(x), a2(x) ≥ 0 have potential well. By using variational methods and the category theory, we establish the existence of least energy and multiplicity of solutions.
Past and Present Processes Influencing Genetic Diversity and Effective Population Size in a Natural Population of Atlantic Sturgeon
Authors: Moyer G. R. , Sweka J. A. , Peterson D. L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThreats such as habitat loss, invasive species, and overexploitation cause species extinctions; however, stochastic processes can accelerate extinction rates as census sizes decline. Using molecular and ecological data, we explored the influence of these processes on the demography of a candidate species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act—the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus. We used molecular microsatellite markers to estimate the effective population size (Ne) and effective number of breeders (Nb) and we used mark–recapture data to estimate the number of spawners (Na) for Atlantic sturgeon of the Altamaha River, Georgia. We found that estimates of Nb were 7–45% less than the estimated Na over four consecutive cohorts and that skewed sex ratios could explain the relative decrease of Nb to Na. Our estimate of contemporary Ne was 125 (95% confidence interval = 75–348) and was at least an order of magnitude less than our estimate of historical Ne. To explain the large discrepancy between these estimates, we tested several alternative evolutionary scenarios that might explain the observed pattern of genetic diversity. Our results indicated that the observed genetic data were indeed best explained (i.e., 0.998 posterior probability of the data given the hypothesis) by overexploitation during the last half of the 20th century.
Influence of Substrate and Salinity on Air-Incubated Gulf Killifish Embryos
Authors: Coulon M P , Gothreaux C T , Green C C 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis have evolved the ability to utilize air incubation in marsh grass to protect embryos from aquatic predators and allow for synchronous hatching during the following diurnal peak tide. This incubation strategy provides a humid, oxygen-rich environment for the embryos to develop. The current project investigated practical materials that could be used in an aquaculture setting to mimic the air incubation strategy at different salinities, and determined the effect of substrate (moistened with 7.5-g/L salinity water) on embryo size after an extended incubation period (19 d) at 22°C. Air-incubated embryos were placed on synthetic foam, bamboo batting, or burlap cloth substrates. Substrates were moistened with 3.5-, 7.5-, 14-, 20-, or 27-g/L-salinity water, and hatching was induced by submersion in water after 19 d of incubation. Embryos incubated in water (3.5- and 7.5-g/L salinity) at the same temperature began hatching at 8 d and continued intermittently until 14 d. These water-incubated embryos had a hatch rate (mean ± SE) of 44.2 ± 1.1% in 3.5-g/L-salinity water and 49.1 ± 0.5% in 7.5-g/L-salinity water. The percentage of air-incubated embryos that hatched was significantly affected by both substrate and salinity. For all air incubation substrates, the 7.5-g/L salinity treatment provided the numerically highest overall percentage of hatched embryos, 69.9 ± 3.6%, 69.9 ± 6.5%, and 73.8 ± 4.6% hatching on foam, bamboo, and burlap, respectively. Overall, the foam substrate had the highest hatch rate among salinity treatments. Embryo size at hatch was assessed at the 7.5-g/L salinity for water and all air incubation substrates. The air-incubated larvae were found to be significantly larger than their water-incubated counterparts, and foam-incubated larvae had the smallest abdominal area. Air incubation of Gulf killifish eggs on foam substrate can be used as a production tool to produce larvae that can be synchronously hatched after an extended incubation period.
Pixel electrode structure for high transmittance in a multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal display device
Authors: Kim Ki-Han , Jeon Eun-Young , Park Byung Wok , Song Dong Han , Lee Ji-Hoon , Lee Gak Seok , Shin Ki-Chul , Kim Hee Seop , Yoon Tae-Hoon 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
We propose a pixel electrode structure for the multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystal mode with high optical efficiency. We form a micro-slit electrode structure on the top substrate to reduce the width of disclination lines at domain boundaries. We insert additional electrodes on the bottom substrate to improve the transmittance at the edges of each pixel. We confirm that using both structures, the transmittance can be increased from 22.9% to 27.3% with no change in the operating voltage.
Inhibition of HIV-1 protease: the rigidity perspective
Authors: Heal J. W. , Jimenez-Roldan J. E. , Wells S. A. , Freedman R. B. , Römer R. A. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Motivation: HIV-1 protease is a key drug target due to its role in the life cycle of the HIV-1 virus. Rigidity analysis using the software First is a computationally inexpensive method for inferring functional information from protein crystal structures. We evaluate the rigidity of 206 high-resolution (2 Å or better) X-ray crystal structures of HIV-1 protease and compare the effects of different inhibitors binding to the enzyme.
Results: Inhibitor binding has little effect on the overall rigidity of the protein homodimer, including the rigidity of the active site. The principal effect of inhibitor binding on rigidity is to constrain the flexibility of the β-hairpin flaps, which move to allow access to the active site of the enzyme. We show that commercially available antiviral drugs which target HIV-1 protease can be divided into two classes, those which significantly affect flap rigidity and those which do not. The non-peptidic inhibitor tipranavir is distinctive in its consistently strong effect on flap rigidity.
Contact: jack.heal@warwick.ac.uk; r.roemer@warwick.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Quantitative trait loci for resistance to infection in sheep using a live Salmonella Abortusovis vaccine
Authors: Lantier I. , Moreno C. R. , Berthon P. , Sallé G. , Pitel F. , Schibler L. , Gautier‐Bouchardon A. V. , Boivin R. , Weisbecker J. L. , François D. , Bouix J. , Cribiu E. P. , Elsen J. M. , Lantier F. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryQuantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for susceptibility to a Salmonella Abortusovis vaccinal strain was performed using an experimental design involving 30 Romane sheep sire families (1216 progenies). Nine QTL corresponding to bacterial load, weight variations and antibody response criteria were mapped on eight chromosomes, including the major histocompatibility complex area on chromosome 20. Surprisingly, none was found to be significant in the SLC11A1 region (formerly NRAMP1) that has been shown to influence Salmonella susceptibility in other species.