bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Strategy for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Japan Based on a Newly Established Guideline Managed by Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgeons and Japanese Association of Endocrine Surgeons
Authors: Takami Hiroshi , Ito Yasuhiro , Okamoto Takahiro , Yoshida Akira 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic strategy for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in Japan has differed from that in Western countries. Total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation has been a standard therapy in Western countries, while limited thyroidectomy has been widely accepted in Japan. We newly established guidelines for clinical practice in treating thyroid tumors based on evidence from previous publications and the accumulation of data from patients in Japan. We present our therapeutic recommendations for DTC patients based on these guidelines.MethodsFrom the 55 clinical questions (CQ) in our guideline, we selected CQ regarding the treatment of DTC. We commented on each and compared it with the corresponding regions in Western guidelines.ResultsFor papillary carcinoma, we strongly or moderately recommend total thyroidectomy for patients with tumors larger than 4 cm, clinical node metastasis, distant metastasis, or significant extrathyroid extension, while hemithyroidectomy is acceptable for T1N0M0 patients. In contrast to Western guidelines, routine central compartment dissection is recommended for papillary carcinoma in our guidelines. Completion total thyroidectomy is recommended for patients who were scheduled for hemithyroidectomy under a preoperative diagnosis of follicular neoplasm and were pathologically confirmed as having follicular carcinoma if the pathological diagnosis indicated widely invasive carcinoma or carcinoma having poorly differentiated components. RAI ablation is also recommended for DTC with aggressive clinicopathological features, but its indication is narrower than that in Western guidelines, not only because of the limitations on RAI, but also because it is our policy that patients without high‐risk features do not require RAI ablation.ConclusionIt is important to treat DTC patients individually according to their clinicopathological features rather than uniformly. We hope that policies regarding the treatment of DTC patients in Western countries and Japan will find the optimal compromise in the future, leading to the best treatments for patients with thyroid carcinoma all over the world.
Preoperative Toll‐like Receptor Expression in Monocytes is Associated with Host Immunological Responses Following Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Tsujimoto Hironori , Hiraki Shu‐ichi , Kinoshita Manabu , Hase Kazuo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative Toll‐like receptor (TLR) expression in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) and the postoperative inflammatory cytokine secretion from PBMC, as well as the postoperative infectious complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.MethodsPeripheral blood monocytes were isolated from 26 patients on the preoperative day and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). The monocytes were stained for CD14, TLR2, and TLR4 surface expression and stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), after which the culture supernatant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and interferon gamma (IFNγ) concentrations were measured in the culture supernatant. Postoperative clinical courses were monitored.ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between preoperative TLR4 expression and clinical stage in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. A significant negative correlation between preoperative TLR2 or TLR4 expression and the preoperative TNFα and IL‐1β production was found. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between preoperative TLR2 or TLR4 expression and postoperative inflammatory cytokine production.ConclusionsPreoperative high expression of TLR on monocytes reduces the capacity for LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine production from monocytes. An analysis of preoperative TLR expression may therefore help to elucidate the systemic immunological response and the clinical course following gastrointestinal surgery.
Interference of asexual and sexual reproduction in the green hydra
Authors: Kaliszewicz Anita 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe green hydra, Hydra viridissima, has three sexes: hermaphrodite, male, and female. I investigated the reproductive strategies of the green hydra and the relationship between asexual budding and sexual reproduction. The proportion of mature individuals in the asexually reproducing population increased with increasing temperature. Sexual reproduction did not interrupt asexual budding in hermaphrodites or males; sexual reproduction did interrupt asexual budding in females. Sexual reproduction also resulted in exponential population growth during the reproductive season. The number of asexual buds on each parental individual was positively correlated with the parental individual size in asexual individuals and in males. The same positive correlation was found between the number of testicles and the size of males. These correlations reflect a common tendency in asexual and sexual reproduction: larger parental individuals have a greater number of propagules or gametes. No correlation was found between size and buds or size and gonads in hermaphrodites; hermaphrodites had at most one asexual bud and were significantly larger than males, females, and asexual individuals. The larger size of hermaphrodites supports the hypothesis that producing both female and male gonads is more energetically costly than producing only one type of gamete (gonochorism).
Influence of Drop Deformability on the Stability of Decane‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Osorio Paola , Urbina‐Villalba German 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEmulsion stability simulations of nondeformable and deformable droplets are used to justify the change in the number of aggregates as a function of time shown by (decane + CCl4)/water emulsions stabilized with either sodium di‐octyl‐sulfosuccinate (DOSS) or sodium oleate (NaOl). It is found that the results of the simulations depend sensitively on the value of the bending modulus B0 of the surfactant monolayer. The experimental data of DOSS and NaOl emulsions can only be accurately reproduced by assuming the occurrence of deformable droplets in both cases, along with a significant variation of B0 as a function of the salt concentration [NaCl]. Otherwise only reasonable agreement is found. In the second scenario, the rates predicted by the simulations of nondeformable droplets are closer to the experimental values of the emulsions stabilized with [NaOl] = 0.5 mM, [NaOl] = 1.0 mM, and [DOSS] = 0.42 mM. Conversely, the rates predicted by the simulations of deformable droplets are closer to the experimental data of the system containing [NaOl] = 2.0 mM.
Metabolic Effects of Krill Oil are Essentially Similar to Those of Fish Oil but at Lower Dose of EPA and DHA, in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Ulven Stine M. , Kirkhus Bente , Lamglait Amandine , Basu Samar , Elind Elisabeth , Haider Trond , Berge Kjetil , Vik Hogne , Pedersen Jan I. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of krill oil and fish oil on serum lipids and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and to evaluate if different molecular forms, triacylglycerol and phospholipids, of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence the plasma level of EPA and DHA differently. One hundred thirteen subjects with normal or slightly elevated total blood cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels were randomized into three groups and given either six capsules of krill oil (N = 36; 3.0 g/day, EPA + DHA = 543 mg) or three capsules of fish oil (N = 40; 1.8 g/day, EPA + DHA = 864 mg) daily for 7 weeks. A third group did not receive any supplementation and served as controls (N = 37). A significant increase in plasma EPA, DHA, and DPA was observed in the subjects supplemented with n‐3 PUFAs as compared with the controls, but there were no significant differences in the changes in any of the n‐3 PUFAs between the fish oil and the krill oil groups. No statistically significant differences in changes in any of the serum lipids or the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation between the study groups were observed. Krill oil and fish oil thus represent comparable dietary sources of n‐3 PUFAs, even if the EPA + DHA dose in the krill oil was 62.8% of that in the fish oil.
Minimizing the Cost of Biodiesel Blends for Specified Cloud Points
Authors: Wang Paul S. , Thompson Joseph , Van Gerpen Jon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhen used as a biodiesel fuel, isopropyl esters are expensive compared to the more common methyl esters. However, isopropyl esters have better cold flow properties than methyl esters, allowing the use of highly saturated feedstocks such as tallow or lard. It has not been determined if isopropyl esters can be part of an economical biodiesel (B100) blend for a specified cloud point, which allows for an objective material cost comparison. This work explores this question through the use of an empirical cloud point model that has been developed and validated. Constrained cost minimization was performed using the cloud point model and historical prices for alcohols and triglycerides. Case studies using 2003 and 2006 average prices are presented. The results indicate that an expensive component such as isopropyl ester can be part of an economical blend under the market conditions. For isopropyl esters to be feasible as an economical blend component, they have to be derived from a highly saturated feedstock that is less expensive than soybean oil by .10/lb. This price differential is most applicable to a biodiesel blend that has a cloud point between 5 and 10 °C.
Effect of Stripping Methods on the Oxidative Stability of Three Unconventional Oils
Authors: Mariod Abdalbasit , Matthäus Bertrand , Hussein Ismail H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStripped and non‐stripped oils from Sclerocarya birrea [marula oil (SCO)], Aspongopus viduatus [melon bug oil (MBO)] and Agonoscelis pubescens [sorghum bug oil (SBO)], traditionally used for nutritional applications in Sudan, were investigated for their fatty acid and tocopherol composition, and their oxidative stability. Three stripping methods were used, phenolic compounds extraction, silicic acid column, and aluminum oxide column. The stripping methods did not affect the fatty acid composition. Non‐stripped SCO, MBO and SBO contained oleic, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids, which were not significantly (P < 0.05) different than stripped SCO, MBO and SBO. The stripping methods’ effect on the tocopherol composition of the studied oils, the total amount of tocopherol in non‐stripped oils decreased by extraction of phenolic compounds, mean that part of the tocopherols was extracted with the phenolic compounds. No traces of tocopherols were found in oils stripped using silicic and aluminum columns and the tocopherols were eliminated during the stripping processes. The stability of SCO, MBO and SBO oils was 43, 38 and 5.1 h, respectively, this stability decreased by 22.0, 37.6 and 23.5%, respectively after extraction of phenolic compounds. This stability decreased by 96.9, 98.2 and 90.2% respectively, when stripped using the aluminium column and decreased by 92.6, 96.1 and 86.3% when stripped by the silicic column. It is possible to assume that the tocopherols and phenolic compounds play a more active role in the oxidative stability of the oils than the fatty acid composition and phytosterols.
Obscure pathology of pulled elbow: Dynamic high-resolution ultrasound-assisted classification
Authors: Diab Hossam S. , Hamed Manal M. S. , Allam Yasser 
Published: November 2010

Aim Pulled elbow or nursemaid's elbow is a radial head subluxation caused by a sudden pull on the extended pronated forearm. Children with pulled elbow usually respond dramatically for reduction, yet others show delayed improvement with no clear pathologic explanation. The aim of our study is to propose an explanation for the varying clinical response after the reduction of pulled elbow aided by ultrasound classification of the underlying pathology and its impact on management. Patients and methods Fifty children with a mean age of 3.8 ± 1.1 (standard deviation [SD]) years with pulled elbow were scanned by static and dynamic ultrasound utilizing the other elbow as the standard. The radial annular ligament (RAL) was examined for integrity and interposition, with measurement of the radiocapitellar distance. Reduction was performed following the hyperpronation technique, and postreduction splinting was guided by ultrasound findings. Postreduction scans and 1-year follow up were performed. Results Of the 50 included children, 39 (78%) had intact, yet interposed annular ligament (classified as type I) and 11 (22%) had torn annular ligament (classified as type II). The latter underwent splinting for 7 days. Three out of the 50 children had recurrent subluxation and constituted false-negative cases for the detection of torn ligament and represented the reoccurrence rate of 6%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the ultrasound diagnosis of torn RAL were 76.9, 92.3, and 92%, respectively. Conclusion Pulled elbow is classified as follows: type I, with an interposed RAL, and type II, with torn ligament.
Parental support, partner support, and the trajectories of mastery from adolescence to early adulthood
Authors: Surjadi Florensia F. , Lorenz Frederick O. , Wickrama K.A.S. , Conger Rand D. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines the long‐term associations among parental support, extra‐familial partner support, and the trajectories of sense of mastery from adolescence to the early adulthood years. Ten waves of panel data collected over a 16‐year period from the Iowa Family Transitions Project (N = 527) were used to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that parental support in adolescence was initially associated with higher levels of sense of mastery and with greater extra‐familial partner support during the transition to adulthood. Higher extra‐familial partner support was subsequently associated with an increase in sense of mastery during the transition to adulthood. Overall, our results underscore the importance of mastery in smoothing the adjustment to adulthood and the importance of supportive relationships in shaping a healthy sense of mastery.
HOPES FOR THE RADIATED BODY: URANIUM MINERS AND TRANSNATIONAL TECHNOPOLITICS IN NAMIBIA
Authors: HECHT GABRIELLE 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article explores the transnational politics of technology and science at the Rössing uranium mine in Namibia. During the 1980s, Rössing workers refashioned surveillance technologies into methods for trade union action. When national independence in 1990 failed to produce radical ruptures in the workplace, union leaders engaged in technopolitical strategies of extraversion, and became knowledge producers about their own exposure to workplace contaminants. Appeals to outside scientific authority carried the political promise of international accountability. But engaging in science meant accepting its boundaries, and workers ultimately discovered that technopolitical power could be limiting as well as liberating.
THE ROLE OF SLAVE LABOR IN GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION IN EARLY COLONIAL KANO
Authors: SALAU MOHAMMED BASHIR 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article reinforces the interpretation of numerous scholars who have highlighted the role of slave labor in groundnut production during the ‘cash-crop revolution’ in West Africa in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It also expands Jan Hogendorn's argument on the African initiatives involved in the expansion of groundnut production in colonial Northern Nigeria. In particular, it provides evidence of the key role of the emir of Kano (Abbas) and important merchants in the transition to groundnut cultivation and the significant use of slave labor by these large estate-holders. The article focuses mainly on the Fanisau unit of Kano.
PRELUDE TO THE ATLANTIC TRADE: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON SOUTHERN GHANA'S PRE-ATLANTIC HISTORY (800–1500)
Authors: CHOUIN GÉRARD L. , DECORSE CHRISTOPHER R. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe Ghanaian forest was well settled by agricultural communities prior to the opening of the Atlantic trade in the late fifteenth century. The most prominent of these settlements were earthworks sites, construction of which began in the first millenniumceand continued until their abrupt abandonment prior to the mid-fifteenth century. In this article, previous archaeological data are evaluated in light of current research to provide a plausible alternative hypothesis for the history of the Akan, placing that history in a much broader and deeper context.
A RE-INTERPRETATION OF THE KONGO–PORTUGUESE WAR OF 1622 ACCORDING TO NEW DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
Authors: THORNTON JOHN , MOSTERMAN ANDREA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAn important document in the Dutch Archives casts new light on the Kongo–Portuguese War of 1622, usually seen as a signal defeat for Kongo. This document shows that, after the Portuguese victory over Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi, there was a second battle in which Kongo forces were victorious, and they in fact began the process of re-occupying lands the Portuguese had absorbed in earlier expansion. In addition, the document reveals the origins of a plan, conceived in Kongo, to form an alliance with the Dutch in order to attack Luanda and drive the Portuguese from Angola, a plan that was realized not in 1624 but in 1641.
On the functional morphology of Pinna and Atrina larvae (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) from the Atlantic
Authors: Allen J.A. 
Published: November 2010

A detailed account is given for the first time of the biological morphology of pinnid larvae taken from the north-west Atlantic. Three species were present in plankton samples taken from depths of 150–200 m. These were maintained in small aquaria and details of their anatomy, development and metamorphosis recorded and illustrated as far as the young adult stage.
On the diet and reproduction of the oilfishRuvettus pretiosus(Perciformes: Gempylidae) in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Vasilakopoulos P. , Pavlidis M. , Tserpes G. 
Published: November 2010

The oilfish,Ruvettus pretiosus, is an incidental by-catch of the drifting surface longlines targeting swordfish and Thunnidae in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. Despite its global distribution and frequent occurrence in the catch of many fishing gears, little is known about its biology. In this study we examined the dietary preferences and reproductive biology of this species from specimens caught in the eastern Mediterranean. The most numerous and frequently occurring prey items were benthopelagic fish, followed by cephalopods. The sex-ratio was highly skewed in favour of females (1:8.4), while histological examination of the collected ovaries displayed six developmental stages (perinucleolar, early and late lipid stage; early, middle and late vitellogenesis). Oocyte diameter ranged from 23–69 μm at the perinucleolar stage to 224–366 μm at the late vitellogenesis stage. Spawning is expected to occur during mid and late summer; however there were no individuals available from this period. The findings are discussed in relation to the ecology of the species.
In vivoinfection byTrypanosoma cruzi: The conserved FLY domain of the gp85/trans-sialidase family potentiates host infection
Authors: TONELLI R. R. , TORRECILHAS A. C. , JACYSYN J. F. , JULIANO M. A. , COLLI W. , ALVES M. J. M. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYTrypanosoma cruziis a protozoan parasite that infects vertebrates, causing in humans a pathological condition known as Chagas’ disease. The infection of host cells byT. cruziinvolves a vast collection of molecules, including a family of 85 kDa GPI-anchored glycoproteins belonging to the gp85/trans-sialidase superfamily, which contains a conserved cell-binding sequence (VTVXNVFLYNR) known as FLY, for short. Herein, it is shown that BALB/c mice administered with a single dose (1μg/animal, intraperitoneally) of FLY-synthetic peptide are more susceptible to infection byT. cruzi, with increased systemic parasitaemia (2-fold) and mortality. Higher tissue parasitism was observed in bladder (7·6-fold), heart (3-fold) and small intestine (3·6-fold). Moreover, an intense inflammatory response and increment of CD4+T cells (1·7-fold) were detected in the heart of FLY-primed and infected animals, with a 5-fold relative increase of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T (Treg) cells. Mice treated with anti-CD25 antibodies prior to infection, showed a decrease in parasitaemia in the FLY model employed. In conclusion, the results suggest that FLY facilitatesin vivoinfection byT. cruziand concurs with other factors to improve parasite survival to such an extent that might influence the progression of pathology in Chagas’ disease.
The Coasts Under Stress project: a Canadian case study of interdisciplinary methodology
Authors: OMMER ROSEMARY E. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYInterdisciplinary research requires scholars to learn by doing, and thus interdisciplinary work will be constantly undergoing development. This paper reviews how a large truly integrated interdisciplinary research team capable of handling complex interdependent social and environmental issues was created, developed and managed. The Canadian Coasts Under Stress bicoastal research project (CUS) constitutes a case study, aimed at providing a detailed analysis of a successful relatively ‘mature’ template for interdisciplinary team research that can be transferred to other teams and other research problems. CUS was created to address coastal social-ecological stress, and it uncovered linkages (‘pathways’) between the main drivers of social-ecological health in both human and environmental communities. In so doing, the team produced a comprehensive new way to understand restructuring and its impact on social-ecological health. In organizational terms, the team was divided into two coastal sub-teams (east and west) and five main research components that were reflected in the team logo as the arms of a seastar. To achieve integration of all components and subcomponents, a methodology for research construction and integration was employed that operated in tandem with the methodologies employed in the various subcomponents. Team members shared their vision of what they wished to achieve and meetings were facilitated in a variety of ways such that cross-fertilization and discussion were ongoing, and team members always knew exactly where their work fitted into the greater whole. In the process, significant student training occurred, and the challenge of equitable publication processes were met such that the output of the team achieved both disciplinary rigour and interdisciplinary understanding.