bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
668-P: Examining the Diabetes Management Questionnaire among Racially Minoritized Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: STRATON EMMA , WANG CHRISTINE H. , NAVEED MARIA S. , KANG LEYI , BARBER JOHN , PERKINS AMANDA G. , GALLANT LETITIA , MAJIDI SHIDEH , STREISAND RANDI 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) racialized health inequities have resulted from centuries of racial oppression and discriminatory policies. Racially minoritized families report higher T1D adherence but worse HbA1c outcomes than non-Hispanic white families. The Diabetes Management Questionnaire (DMQ) is a measure of T1D adherence, normed in a primarily white, higher-class sample, where there were several demographic/medical correlates of the DMQ (see Table 1 Column C). We examined correlates of the DMQ in a racially minoritized sample.
Methods: Fifty-seven youth aged 10-15 years who reported &lt;75% continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use and their caregivers completed the DMQ. Associations between variables were analyzed using correlations or t-tests (child and caregiver report; Column B).
Results: HbA1c was a measure of DMQ predictive validity in the original sample, but not in our sample (Column D).
Conclusion: Racialized health inequities contribute to differences between the two samples. The DMQ may have weaker psychometric properties in racially minoritized youth; factors due to structural racism e.g., racial residential segregation may be more germane to HbA1c than individual T1D management behaviors. The two samples also had different characteristics e.g., T1D technology use, HbA1c outcomes, caregiver education, insurance type, age, sampling methods/size, geographic locations.

Disclosure
E. Straton: None. C.H. Wang: None. M.S. Naveed: None. L. Kang: None. J. Barber: Stock/Shareholder; AbbVie Inc., Boston Scientific Corporation, UnitedHealth Group. A.G. Perkins: Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Dexcom, Inc. L. Gallant: None. S. Majidi: Other Relationship; Sanofi. R. Streisand: None.

Funding
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK131026)
674-P: Information Overload following a Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis—The Need for Ongoing Diabetes Education
Authors: FELDMAN MARISSA , GARZA KIMBERLY P. , HOWARD KELSEY R. , SMITH NICHOLAS DAVID W. , MILLMANN MEGAN M. , WEISSBERG-BENCHELL JILL 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: A T1D diagnosis is unexpected and life-changing. We assessed families’ experiences following diagnosis, including initial responses and needs.
Methods: Focus groups with children (ages 8-12; n=10), teens (13+; n=11), and parents (under 8 years n=12; 8-12 years old n=15; 13+ n=12) explored feelings, challenges, and experiences of that first year. Using thematic analysis and deductive coding, data informed the development of a psychosocial intervention (Triple T) to support families during that first year via brief videos and scheduled telehealth visits with behavioral health specialists. Exit interviews (n= 17) were subsequently examined.
Results: Youth and parents reported the initial diagnosis and the education they received were overwhelming. Parents shared difficulties remembering everything and keeping track of the data. Anxiety around diabetes management and concerns about glycemic excursions, carbohydrate and insulin calculations, and injection frequency were raised. Most parents reported an expectation of perfection in glycemic outcomes. Frustrations were expressed that the education received was “textbook” versus “real life.” Results also suggest that families forgot initial educational topics, as many expressed a desire to learn about managing highs/lows and insulin dosing. These findings were supported by data from Triple T. While all families reported benefits in regular meetings with behavioral health specialists, they continued to express diabetes education needs regarding nutrition, glycemic variability, and technology.
Conclusions: An approach to education at diagnosis that promotes the integration of knowledge and provides families with increased psychosocial support and reassurance is needed. Providing a review of basic education soon after discharge and scheduling check-ins with educators independent of clinic visits may help ensure that families are able to digest pertinent education and use it in everyday practice.

Disclosure
M. Feldman: None. K.P. Garza: None. K.R. Howard: Stock/Shareholder; Abbott, AbbVie Inc. N.W. Smith: None. M.M. Millmann: None. J. Weissberg-Benchell: Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc. Advisory Panel; American Diabetes Association. Research Support; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Funding
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (2-SRA-2020-985-S-B)
681-P: Demographic and Medical Correlates of Caregiver Reported Benefits and Burdens of Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) Use among Racially Minoritized Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: VEMULAKONDA MADHU , STRATON EMMA , WANG CHRISTINE H. , BARBER JOHN , GALLANT LETITIA , KANG LEYI , MAJIDI SHIDEH , PERKINS AMANDA G. , STREISAND RANDI 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Due to racialized health inequities in T1D research and technology distribution, little is known about T1D technology experiences in racially minoritized youth and their caregivers. This study examines demographic and medical correlates of CGM benefits/burdens among racially minoritized families.
Methods: Fifty-seven youth aged 10-15 (Mage=12.9 ± 1.7 years, 58% male, 42% female, MT1D Duration=5.2 ± 3.4 years, MHbA1c=10.6 ± 2.0%, MCGM Wear-time=69%, MCGM Time in range= 29%, 39% pump use, 56% two-caregiver household, 32% public insurance, 56% Black/African American non-Hispanic, 26% Hispanic/Latinx/a/o, 5% white, non-Hispanic, 5% Mixed Race, 4% MENA/SWANA, 4% Another race/ethnicity) who reported &lt;75% CGM use and their caregivers. Demographic and medical variables were caregiver reported or obtained from the electronic health record. Caregivers completed the Benefits and Burdens of CGM (Ben/Bur) form. Mann-Whitney U tests or Spearman’s Rank Correlation tests were used.
Results: The highest rated benefit was “⋯CGM makes taking care of diabetes easier” (M Ben=4.4 ± 1.1) and burdens were “⋯CGM sensor readings cannot be trusted” and “⋯ CGM is painful to wear” (M Bur1=2.2 ± 0.95; M Bur2=2.2 ± 1.0). Increased CGM wear time and shorter T1D duration was associated with increased CGM burden (rho=0.37, p=0.02; rho=-0.30, p=0.03). Race/ethnicity, insurance, age, gender, CGM use duration, CGM time in range, and A1c were not associated with Ben/Bur.
Conclusion: In a sample of racially minoritized families, those with shorter T1D durations may still be working through the emotional adjustment process, which may exacerbate caregiver perceptions of CGM burdens. This study is limited by a lack of prior research on the psychometrics of Ben/Bur in a racially minoritized sample. Future studies should examine whether the increased burden from higher CGM use is a risk factor for negative psychosocial outcomes.

Disclosure
M. Vemulakonda: None. E. Straton: None. C.H. Wang: None. J. Barber: Stock/Shareholder; AbbVie Inc., Boston Scientific Corporation, UnitedHealth Group. L. Gallant: None. L. Kang: None. S. Majidi: Other Relationship; Sanofi. A.G. Perkins: Research Support; Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Dexcom, Inc. R. Streisand: None.

Funding
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK131026)
683-P: Association between Glycaemic Variability and Sleep in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes—A Systematic Review
Authors: PHAM CECILIA T. , ALI ALEENA , CHURILOV LEONID , BAQAR SARA , HENDRIECKX CHRISTEL , O'NEAL DAVID N. , HOWARD MARK E. , EKINCI ELIF I. 
Published: June 2024

Context: Individuals with diabetes frequently encounter sleep disturbances, which can detrimentally impact glycemic management. We review the relationship between sleep and glycemic variability in adults with diabetes.
Methods: We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (2002-March 2023) for studies evaluating sleep and glycemic variability metrics in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Results: Among 3,049 records, 26 met inclusion criteria (type 1 diabetes studies=21). Due to methodological heterogeneity, a qualitative analysis was conducted. Most studies measuring sleep quality (5 out 7; 71%) reported a significant association with glycemic variability in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, sleep duration showed no significant association with glycemic variability, while other sleep metrics yielded inconclusive results. Hybrid closed-loop pump interventions (n=12) demonstrated varying sleep outcomes but consistently improved glycemic variability. Conversely, sleep interventions (n=3) enhanced sleep but not glycemic variability. Limitations included moderate to high-risk of study bias, confounders, methodological heterogeneity, and limited type 2 diabetes data.
Conclusion: A potential association between sleep quality and glycemic variability exists. However, associations with other sleep metrics remain elusive, with no discernible association between sleep duration and glycemic variability in type 1 diabetes. Despite advancements in continuous glucose monitoring and ambulatory sleep monitoring, standardized sleep assessment methodologies are lacking in real-world research. Establishing standard protocols for sleep assessment and defining optimal sleep targets is crucial for meaningful comparisons between studies. Understanding the complex interplay between sleep and glycemic variability holds promise for improving diabetes management and sleep health.

Disclosure
C.T. Pham: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Versanis, Endogenex. A. Ali: None. L. Churilov: None. S. Baqar: None. C. Hendrieckx: None. D.N. O'Neal: None. M.E. Howard: None. E.I. Ekinci: Advisory Panel; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company. Board Member; Eli Lilly and Company. Advisory Panel; Abbott. Research Support; Endogenex, Versanis, AstraZeneca.
695-P: The Moderating Role of Worry on the Relationship between Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Management Activities
Authors: CLAYTON COLTER K. , LUFF BRENNA G. , POLK JAMES D. , LEE AARON A. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Diabetes knowledge is a predictor of diabetes self-management and worry as a component of anxiety is underexplored. Our objective was to examine the moderating role of worry on the relationships of objective and perceived diabetes knowledge with diabetes self-management.
Methods: Adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from a web-based panel. We cross-sectionally examined worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire-3) as a moderator of the relationships of objective knowledge (Diabetes Knowledge Test-2) and perceived knowledge (Perceived Diabetes Knowledge Scale) with self-management activities (diet, exercise, glucose monitoring, foot care; Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities). Separate regression models examined the multiplicative interaction of worry with objective and perceived knowledge on self-management activities controlling for education, diabetes duration, and prior diabetes education.
Results: In our sample (N = 321; Mage = 64.4; 51.7% female; 85.7% White), worry moderated the association between perceived knowledge and diet (B = 0.07, 95% CI = .01, .13) such that greater perceived knowledge was more strongly associated with greater diet adherence among adults with high levels of worry. Worry moderated the association of objective knowledge and exercise (B = -0.04, 95% CI = -0.07, -0.01) such that greater objective knowledge was more strongly associated with lower exercise adherence at high levels of worry. Worry moderated the association of objective knowledge and foot care (B = -0.04, 95% CI = -0.06, -0.01) such that greater objective knowledge was more strongly associated with lower feet checking adherence at high levels of worry.
Conclusion: Results suggest that worry may play an important role in the relationship of diabetes knowledge to self-management activities. Findings may inform development and evaluation of interventions that promote diabetes knowledge and self-management by considering the role of worry.

Disclosure
C.K. Clayton: None. B.G. Luff: None. J.D. Polk: None. A.A. Lee: None.
7-OR: Causal Associations between Glyoxalase 1 Expression and Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: ADESHARA KRISHNA , DAHLSTROM EMMA H. , LEHTO MARKKU , GROOP PER-HENRIK , SANDHOLM NIINA , BEHALF OF THE FINN DIANE STUDY GROUP ON 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is a crucial enzyme detoxifying methylglyoxal, linked to diabetes and kidney disease. This study aims to unravel link between GLO1 expression and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 1 diabetes using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods: The potential causality between GLO1 and DKD was analyzed by two-sample MR. As instrumental variables (IV) we selected cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) independently associated with GLO1 expression (r2&lt;0.01) in blood, kidney, and other tissues from publicly available datasets (blood: eQTLGen, kidney tissue: Human Kidney eQTL atlas, other tissues: GTEx v8). Serum protein expression data were retrieved from genome-wide association study (GWAS) Catalogue (Study accession: GCST90090884). DKD outcome data were retrieved from JDRF-DNCRI GWAS on DKD, including 19406 individuals with type 1 diabetes, with spectrum of ten DKD definitions based on albuminuria and kidney function.
Results: MR suggested that higher GLO1 mRNA expression (eQTL threshold p&lt;5.0x10-8) in skin (OR 0.86, [95%CI 0.77 - 0.97], p=0.01, three SNPs) and salivary gland (OR 0.83, [95%CI 0.72 - 0.97], p=0.02, one SNP) were associated with lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Interestingly, higher GLO1 protein expression (pQTL threshold p&lt;0.05) in blood was associated with CKD (OR 1.43, [95%CI 1.11 - 1.84], p=0.005, 12 SNPs) and two other similar CKD/DKD definitions. No causal associations were observed in kidney-specific tissues or whole blood.
Conclusion: This study supports causality between GLO1 expression and DKD particularly in skin and salivary glands. On contrary, higher GLO1 protein expression was associated with CKD. These data suggest that altered GLO1 expression is involved in altered DKD susceptibility in type 1 diabetes.

Disclosure
K. Adeshara: None. E.H. Dahlstrom: None. M. Lehto: None. P. Groop: Advisory Panel; Bayer Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Bayer Inc. Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim. Speaker's Bureau; Boehringer-Ingelheim. N. Sandholm: None.
70-PUB: Effect of H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress on Volatile Organic Compounds in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Cells
Authors: OYERINDE ADEBOWALE S. , BOERSMA MELISSA D. , JEGANATHAN RAMESH B. , THANGIAH GEETHA 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: In recent times, emerging diagnostic tools known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown promise as potential biomarkers for obesity and its related diseases. Accumulation of free radical damage over time can emerge as a significant contributor to various human diseases associated with oxidative stress. We hypothesize that in a pathological condition such as obesity, it has the potential to generate new VOCs or alter the ratio of normally produced VOCs due to an increase in oxidative stress (OS). This may provide valuable insights into the metabolic condition of an obese individual.
Methods: An oxidative stress induced obese model of differentiated 3T3-L1 cell lines was constructed using hydrogen peroxide treatment. The effect of OS on cell metabolism was in-depth studied by analyzing VOCs in the headspace of the cells using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Results: Twenty VOCs were identified in samples used for this experiment. Eight VOCs showed an elevated trend, while four VOC peaks showed a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) with an increase in oxidative stress compared to the control adipocytes.
Conclusion: The VOC biomarkers identified predominantly included linear chain alkanes, branched-chain alkanes, straight chains, and aromatic alcohols, probably derived from lipid peroxidation and amino acid metabolism when OS is induced in differentiated adipocytes. This study revealed that VOCs are influenced by elevated OS in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and offered insights into exploring the mechanism of exhaled biomarkers, thereby promoting the non-invasive prediction of obesity.

Disclosure
A.S. Oyerinde: None. M.D. Boersma: None. R.B. Jeganathan: None. G. Thangiah: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (R15HL168608)
700-P: Recent and Lifetime Experiences with Diabetes Distress in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: CHAPMAN KATHERINE S.M. , CORNELIUS EMILEE M. , WOLF WENDY , PETER MEGAN , KELLY CAITLIN S. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Measures of diabetes distress (DD) identify when individuals with T1D are struggling but are often limited to experiences within the past month. Lived experiences of DD may be more variable, as T1D is a lifetime illness. Thus, we examined qualitative experiences with recent versus lifetime DD, then compared two groups (with/without recent DD) on established measures of DD.
Methods: Adults from the T1D Exchange Registry (N = 272) completed an online survey and were asked (yes/no) if they had experienced recent DD (i.e., in the past 12 months). Then, participants described their DD experiences (‘yes’ = past 12 months experiences; ‘no’ = lifetime experiences). Thematic analysis was used to categorize responses. Participants also completed the DDS-2, and two T1DDS subscales: Powerlessness and Physician Distress. Welch's t-tests compared means between groups (DDyes vs. DDno).
Results: Most participants reported DD in the past 12 months (n DDyes = 241 vs. n DDno = 31). Both DDyes (32.0%) and DDno (34.4%) groups described DD around T1D management. The DDyes group described challenges in daily life with T1D (11.7%) and financial burden (11.3%). The DDno group described distress in adolescence (18.8%) and no experiences with DD (25.8%). Compared to the DDno group, the DDyes group was younger (t(37.7) = -2.9, p &lt; 0.01), had T1D for fewer years (t(39.2)= -2.9, p &lt; 0.01), and higher scores on all measures of DD: DDS-2 (t(58.3)= 10.1, p &lt; 0.01), Powerlessness (t(52.2)= 9.3, p &lt; 0.01), and Physician Distress (t(65.3)= 4.9, p&lt;0.01). Yet, depending on measure, not all participants in the DDyes group met cutoff scores for ‘moderate-to-high’ DD: Physician Distress = 35.3%, DDS-2 = 49.8%, Powerlessness = 81.3%.
Conclusion: Most participants reported DD experiences within the past year. However, validated measures did not always classify those who reported recent experiences with higher DD. Thus, providers should consider using DD measures in conjunction with discussions of lived experiences in adults with T1D.

Disclosure
K.S.M. Chapman: None. E.M. Cornelius: None. W. Wolf: None. M. Peter: None. C.S. Kelly: None.

Funding
This research was supported in part by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.
711-P: A Qualitative Exploration of Beliefs and Attitudes about Food Choices for Diabetes Self-Management among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: LUCIEN JUNIAR , AGNI ANNIKA , AMJAD FOUZAAN A. , CHUISANO SAM , KUEI LIN YU , DEJONCKHEERE MELISSA 
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: More than 1.7 million adults in the U.S. live with type 1 diabetes (T1D), which requires daily management to maintain optimal glycemic levels and prevent serious complications. Daily self-management may lead to obsessionality over food choices and therefore affect self-management behaviors. For example, some adults with T1D may delay hypoglycemia treatment due to beliefs about fast-acting carbohydrates, while others may restrict particular foods or food groups to achieve glycemic control. This qualitative study explored the tension between food choices and beliefs about healthy living among adults with T1D.
Methods: As part of a larger study on experiences of hypoglycemia self-management, participants using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) ≥70% of the time for more than six months were recruited from a Midwest academic medical center. Maximum variation sampling included adults with T1D across different percentages of time spent in level 2 hypoglycemia (glucose level &lt;54 mg/dL). Diabetes history and sociodemographic data were collected. A semi-structured interview explored the thoughts and behaviors of participants using CGMs. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted focusing on relationships with food during self-management.
Results: Preliminary findings include the impact of food characterization (e.g., “healthy” or “unhealthy”) in hypoglycemia treatment, the influence of family/friends on treatment food choices, and ways adults with T1D reconcile their diabetes needs and personal lifestyle goals.
Conclusions: These findings will add to the few studies on the specific responses to dietary intake of adults with T1D, particularly related to self-management. The results suggest the need for more mixed-methods research to understand the role of food beliefs in daily and long-term T1D self-management to inform better diabetes education and interventions.

Disclosure
J. Lucien: None. A. Agni: None. F.A. Amjad: None. S. Chuisano: None. Y. Lin: None. M. DeJonckheere: None.

Funding
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK129724); Michigan Diabetes Research Center Diabetes Interdisciplinary Study Program Award (P30DK020572)
713-P: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Induces Neurodevelopmental Defects and Exacerbates ASD-Like Phenotype in Male Offspring by Downregulating Ahi1/B9D1/Shh Axis
Authors: XIAO XIAOQIU , QIN GUANGCHENG 
Published: June 2024

Epidemiological data showed a positive correlation between GDM and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring, but specific mechanisms remain unclear. C57BL/6 female mice were fed with 60% HFD for 4 weeks, and then bred with healthy male mice. On gestational days 0.5 and 7.5, pregnant mice were injected with streptozocin (STZ, 110mg/kg, ip) to establish GDM model. Male offspring were selected for ASD related behavior at P42-P60. LC/MC was used to detect 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, while Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect functional indicators related to the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)5-HT system. Male GDM offspring showed impaired social function as evidenced by poor performance in three box test, and repetitive stereotypical behavior. LC/MS detection revealed a significant decrease in 5-HT levels in brain tissue and a significant increase in GDM offspring plasma. WB and IF showed that the abnormal differentiation of neural stem cells in DRN region in GDM offspring, with a significant decrease in the number of 5-HT positive neurons and 5-HT nerve fibers, and a significant downregulation of SYP and PSD95 protein levels. Ahi1, a highly susceptible gene to schizophrenia and ASD, as well as two key related proteins, B9D1 and Shh, were significantly downregulated. Treatment of meptazinol in GDM offspring increased Ahi1 mRNA and protein levels and effectively reversed the loss of 5-HT neurons in DRN and improved ASD-like behavioral signs. Notably, injection of AAV B9D1 shRNA into DRN, while decreasing B9D1 protein levels, attenuated the improvement of meptazinol on ASD-like behavioral changes in GDM offspring. Taken together, our studies suggested that GDM male offspring are susceptible to ASD, which may be related to the abnormal neural stem cells differentiation and maturation due to the impairment of Ahi1/ B9D1/Shh axis, resulting in the loss of 5-HT neurons in the DRN region.

Disclosure
X. Xiao: None. G. Qin: None.

Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071734)