bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunnel refurbishment – a job with surprises / Tunnelsanierung – eine Arbeit mit Überraschungen
Authors: Schwab Peter , Neumayer Jürgen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe term tunnel refurbishment is mostly understood to mean the upgrading or improvement of underground cavity structures like rail or road tunnels and also structures for hydropower stations and underground operations. Before starting refurbishment measures, it is absolutely necessary to survey the exact condition of the existing structure. This survey of the actual condition cannot be based on the assumption that the available design documents correspond to the facts on site. It is therefore sensible, or even essential, to call on engineers, whose experience goes back to the time the relevant construction methods were in use and who can visualise the ideas of the former state of technology. This basic knowledge is necessary in order to plan adequate and correct investigations so that certain results can be obtained for the design of the refurbishment works.Experience shows that false assumptions about the existing structure have resulted in extensive design changes during the construction phase and severe delays with considerable cost effects. The examples in this article show that different refurbishment measures have to be approached differently and that in the future, the consequences of tolerances should be planned and clearly specified according to the specific nature of the task.Unter dem Begriff Tunnelsanierung versteht man meist die Ertüchtigung oder Verbesserung von untertägigen Hohlraumbauten wie Verkehrstunnel der Bahn und Straße ebenso auch Bauwerke für Wasserkraftanlagen und untertägige Betriebe. Vor Angriff der Sanierungsmaßnahmen ist es unbedingt notwendig, dass der genaue Zustand des vorhandenen Bauwerks erhoben wird. Bei der Erhebung des Ist‐Zustands kann man nicht davon ausgehen, dass die vorhandenen Planunterlagen den Tatsachen vor Ort entsprechen. Es wird daher sinnvoll, wenn nicht sogar notwendig sein, sich Baufachleuten zu bedienen, deren Erfahrung bis in die Herstellungszeit der damaligen Baumethode zurückreicht und die sich die Ansichten über den Stand der damaligen Technik vorstellen können. Dieses Grundwissen ist notwendig, um ausreichende und richtige Erkundungen so zu setzen, dass gesicherte Erkenntnisse für die Planung der notwendigen Sanierungsmaßnahmen ermittelt werden können.In der Vergangenheit hat sich gezeigt, dass durch falsche Annahmen über den tatsächlichen Bestand weitreichende Planungsänderungen in der Bauausführungsphase vorgenommen mussten und dadurch mehrfach gestörte Bauabläufe mit erheblichen Kostenauswirkungen die Folge waren. Die Beispiele in diesem Beitrag zeigen, dass man an die verschiedenen Sanierungsmaßnahmen unterschiedlich herangehen muss und dass in Zukunft die Auswirkungen der Toleranzen geplant und eindeutig vorgegeben werden müssen.
Tunnelling in Hungary – The M6 chain of tunnels / Tunnelbau in Ungarn – Tunnelkette M6
Authors: Gamper Christian , Theurl Mario 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn Hungary, a motorway network is being built in a star shape starting in Budapest. The M6 motorway runs southward from Budapest towards Croatia and will also link the city of Pécs, the European Capital of Culture for 2010 to the network. A consortium consisting of the firms Strabag, Colas, John Laing and Intertoll were awarded a contract in autumn 2007 to design, build and operate a section with a length of 48 km. An important part of the works is the construction of the M6 tunnel chain consisting of four twin‐bore, two‐lane motorway tunnels. These tunnels were built by Strabag. During the driving of the longest tunnel, a collapse occurred in summer 2008, in which both tunnel bores caved in over a length of 200 m. The lecture reports on the driving of the tunnel through the collapsed area and the construction of the subsequent inner lining works, which made it possible to maintain the opening date.In Ungarn wird ein Autobahnnetz sternförmig von Budapest aus errichtet. Die Autobahn M6 verläuft von Budapest Richtung Süden, somit Richtung Kroatien. Zusätzlich wird die Stadt Pecs, Kulturhauptstadt Europas 2010, an das Autobahnnetz angeschlossen. Ein Konsortium, bestehend aus den Firmen Strabag, Colas, John Laing und Intertoll, haben im Herbst 2007 den Auftrag erhalten, einen Abschnitt dieser Autobahn mit einer Länge von 48 km zu planen, zu errichten und zu betreiben. Ein wesentliches Teilstück dieses Auftrags ist Errichtung der Tunnelkette M6, bestehend aus vier zweiröhrigen zweispurigen Autobahntunneln. Diese Tunnel wurden von der Firma Strabag errichtet. Beim Vortrieb des längsten Tunnels kam es im Sommer 2008 zu einem Verbruch, bei dem beide Tunnelröhren auf einer Länge von 200 m einstürzten. Der Vortrag berichtet über die Auffahrung des Verbruchs und die Durchführung der folgenden Innenschalenarbeiten, die es ermöglichten, den Eröffnungstermin einzuhalten.
Large‐scale integration of microarray data reveals genes and pathways common to multiple cancer types
Authors: Dawany Noor B. , Dampier Will N. , Tozeren Aydin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe global gene expression analysis of cancer and healthy tissues typically results in large numbers of genes that are significantly altered in cancer. Such data, however, has been difficult to interpret due to the high level of variation of gene lists across laboratories and the small sample sizes used in individual studies. In this investigation, we compiled microarray data obtained from the same platform family from 84 laboratories, resulting in a database containing 1,043 healthy tissue samples and 4,900 cancer samples for 13 different tissue types. The primary cancers considered included adrenal gland, brain, breast, cervix, colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, prostate and skin tissues. We normalized the data together and analyzed subsets for the discovery of genes involved in normal to cancer transformation. Our integrated significance analysis of microarrays approach produced top 400 gene lists for each of the 13 cancer types. These lists were highly statistically enriched with genes already associated with cancer in research publications excluding microarray studies (p < 1.31 E ‐ 12). The genes MTIM and RRM2 appeared in nine and TOP2A in eight lists of significantly altered genes in cancer. In total, there were 132 genes present in at least four gene lists, 11 of which were not previously associated with cancer. The list contains 17 metal ions and 15 adenyl ribonucleotide binding proteins, six kinases and six transcription factors. Our results point to the value of integrating microarray data in the study of combination drug therapies targeting metastasis.
Identifying strategies for increasing degree attainment in STEM: Lessons from minority‐serving institutions
Authors: Perna Laura W. , Gasman Marybeth , Gary Shannon , Lundy‐Wagner Valerie , Drezner Noah D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPresented in this chapter is a case study of African American female STEM majors attending a historically Black women's college. We offer numerous implications for future research based on institutional characteristics that help explain women's achievement and high rates of STEM degree attainment.
Biphasic effects of transforming growth factor β on bone morphogenetic protein–induced osteoblast differentiation
Authors: de Gorter David JJ , van Dinther Maarten , Korchynskyi Olexandr , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) exert an important role in skeletal development, adult bone homeostasis, and fracture healing and have demonstrated clinical utility for bone regeneration. However, BMPs fall short as regenerative agents because high doses need to be used to obtain therapeutic effects. Determining the molecular mechanisms controlling BMP-induced bone formation may lead to the development of more effective BMP-based therapies. To identify kinases mediating BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, we performed an siRNA screen to find kinases modulating BMP-6-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Surprisingly, although transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) generally is considered to antagonize BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with siRNAs targeting TGF-β receptors displayed reduced BMP-6-induced ALP activity. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibitors blocking the TGF-β type I receptor impaired BMP-induced ALP activity in KS483 and C2C12 cells and mineralization of KS483 cells. Consistently, costimulation with BMPs and TGF-β further increased expression of osteoblast-specific genes, ALP activity, and mineralization of KS483 cells and primary mesenchymal stem cells compared with BMPs alone. The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of TGF-β were found to depend on timing and duration of the costimulation. TGF-β inhibited BMP-induced activation of a BMP-Smad-dependent luciferase reporter, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of TGF-β is not due to increased BMP-Smad activity. TGF-β also inhibited the BMP-induced expression of the BMP antagonist noggin and prolonged BMP activity. In conclusion, TGF-β, besides acting as an inhibitor, also can, by dampening the noggin-mediated negative-feedback loop, enhance BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation, which might be beneficial in fracture healing. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of native defects and Co doping on ferromagnetism in HfO2: First‐principles calculations
Authors: Han Chong , Yan Shi‐Shen , Lin Xue‐Ling , Hu Shu‐Jun , Zhao Ming‐Wen , Yao Xin‐Xin , Chen Yan‐Xue , Liu Guo‐Lei , Mei Liang‐Mo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations of undoped HfO2 and cobalt‐doped HfO2 have been carried out to study the magnetic properties of the dielectric material. In contrast to previous reports, it was found that the native defects in HfO2 could not induce strong ferromagnetism. However, the cobalt substituting hafnium is the most stable defect under oxidation condition, and the ferromagnetic (FM) coupling between the cobalt substitutions is favorable in various configurations. We found that the FM coupling is mediated by the threefold‐coordinated oxygen atoms in monoclinic HfO2 and could be further enhanced in electron‐rich condition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Rhyncophorus palmarum L. (Linnaeus, 1758): A morphological and histological study of the female reproductive system
Authors: Camargo Mathias Maria Izabel , Sánchez Pedro , Denardi Sandra Eloisi , Caetano Flávio Henrique 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRhyncophorus palmarum (Coleoptera) is a pest of great economic importance because of the damage caused in the plants of the Palmae family. This study showed that the female reproductive system of this beetle is composed of two ovaries of the telotrophic meroistic type invariably containing two ovarioles per ovary. Each ovariole is home to about 50 oocytes at different stages of maturation. The proximal region of the ovary is rather peculiar because it houses inside it a large quantity of bacilliform structures immersed in a glycolipoprotein substance, which has never before been described in the literature. The function of these structures is still unknown. However, it is suggested that they can function as a method of neutralizing the resistance of the plant because these insects are responsible for the transmission of the red ring disease to the palm plants. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology and lectin‐binding sites of pyloric caeca epithelium in normal and GnRH‐treated Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Linnaeus 1758
Authors: Zizza Sara , Desantis Salvatore 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMucosal epithelium of pyloric caeca was studied in normal and in GnRH‐treated Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus L., using morphological analysis, conventional and lectin glycohistochemistry. The lining epithelium consisted of columnar (absorptive) cells, goblet cells and intraepithelial leucocytes. The epithelium from normal animals was significantly taller than GnRH‐treated samples. Conventional histochemistry displayed the same staining pattern in normal and hormone‐treated specimens which showed a mixture of neutral and sulphated acidic glycoconjugates in the luminal surface and goblet cells, and neutral glycans in apical granules of enterocytes. Lectin histochemistry revealed a different glycoconjugate pattern in normal and GnRH‐treated tunas. In normal specimens the luminal surface expressed sialoglycoconjugates which bound MAL II, SNA, KOH‐sialidase‐PNA, KOH‐sialidase‐SBA as well as asialoglycans stained with HPA, SBA, GSA I‐B4, LTA. N‐linked glycans were highlighted by Con A and KOH‐sialidase‐WGA. In GnRH‐treated tunas the luminal surface did not react with SNA, SBA and LTA. The columnar cells of normal tunas bound KOH‐sialisase‐PNA in the apical region, KOH‐sialidase‐PNA, KOH‐sialidase‐DBA, HPA, SBA, KOH‐sialidase‐SBA and KOH‐sialidase‐WGA in apical granules, GSA I‐B4 and LTA in the supranuclear region. GnRH‐treated specimens showed some columnar cells that stained with KOH‐sialidase‐WGA in the apical granules and with GSA I‐B4 in the supranuclear region. The goblet cells of normal animals produced mucins positive to PNA, HPA, KOH‐sialidase‐DBA, SBA, GSA II. The latter three binding sites lacked in GnRH‐treated tunas. The results suggest that the mucosal epithelium of Thunnus thynnus L. pyloric caeca expresses a complex glycan pattern that is affected by GnRH‐treatment. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and antimicrobial and pharmacological properties of new thiosemicarbazide and 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives
Authors: Popiołek Łukasz , Dobosz Maria , Chodkowska Anna , Jagiełło‐Wójtowicz Ewa , Kosikowska Urszula , Malm Anna , Mazur Liliana , Rzączyńska Zofia 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReaction of 4‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione with ethyl bromoacetate has led to the formation of ethyl [(4‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)sulfanyl]acetate 1, the structure of which was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. In the next reaction with 80% hydrazide hydrate, appropriate hydrazide 2 was obtained, which in reaction with isothiocyanates was converted to new acyl derivatives of thiosemicarbazides 2, 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h. The cyclization of these compounds in alkaline media has led to formation of new derivatives of 5‐{[(4‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐yl)sulfanyl]methyl}‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3(2H)‐thiones 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4j. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by elementary analysis and IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and MS spectra. Compounds 2, 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h and 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g were screened for their antimicrobial activities, and the influence of the compounds 4a, 4b, and 4e, 4f, 4g on the central nervous system of mice in behavioral tests was examined. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
An efficient one‐pot synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridinone derivatives catalyzed by L‐proline
Authors: Shi Chun‐Ling , Chen Hui , Shi Da‐Qing 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of 3‐methyl‐1,4‐disubstituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐6(7H)‐ones was synthesized via the three‐component reaction of aldehyde, 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine, and Meldrum's acid catalyzed by L‐proline. This protocol has the advantages of easier work‐up, milder reaction conditions, and high yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Assessing patient perceptions of hospitalist communication skills using the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT)
Authors: Ferranti Darlene E. , Makoul Gregory , Forth Victoria E. , Rauworth Jennifer , Lee Jungwha , Williams Mark V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospitalists care for an increasing percentage of hospitalized patients, yet evaluations of patient perceptions of hospitalists' communication skills are lacking.OBJECTIVE:Assess hospitalist communication skills using the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT).METHODS:A cross‐sectional study of patients, age 18 or older, admitted to the hospital medicine service at an urban, academic medical center with 873 beds. Thirty‐five hospitalists assigned to both direct care and teaching service were assessed.MEASUREMENTS:Hospitalist communication was measured with the CAT. The 14‐item survey, written at a fourth grade level, measures responses along a 5‐point scale (“poor” to “excellent”). Scores are reported as a percentage of “excellent” responses.RESULTS:We analyzed 700 patient surveys (20 for each of 35 hospitalists). The proportion of excellent ratings for each hospitalist ranged from 38.5% to 73.5%, with an average of 59.1% excellent (SD=9.5). Highest ratings on individual CAT items were for treating the patient with respect, letting the patient talk without interruptions, and talking in terms the patient can understand. Lowest ratings were for involving the patient in decisions as much as he or she wanted, encouraging the patient to ask questions, and greeting the patient in a way that made him or her feel comfortable. Overall scale reliability was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97).CONCLUSIONS:The CAT can be used to gauge patient perceptions of hospitalist communication skills. Many hospitalists may benefit from targeted training to improve communication skills, particularly in the areas of encouraging questions and involving patients in decision making. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
What can we learn from patient dissatisfaction? An analysis of dissatisfying events at an academic medical center
Authors: Lee Alicia V. , Moriarty John P. , Borgstrom Christopher , Horwitz Leora I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patient satisfaction is typically measured by quantitative surveys using predetermined domains. However, dissatisfaction may be an entity distinct from satisfaction, may have different determinants, and may better reflect problems in healthcare delivery.OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to describe domains of dissatisfaction experienced by patients during hospitalization.SETTING:The setting was a U.S. urban academic medical center.PATIENTS:The patients were adults discharged between July 1, 2007 and June 30, 2008INTERVENTION:The intervention was a postdischarge telephone interview: “If there was one thing we could have done to improve your experience in the hospital, what would it have been?”MEASUREMENTS:The measurements were standard qualitative analysis of suggestions for improvement.RESULTS:We randomly selected 976 of 9,764 interviews. A total of 439/976 (45.0%) included at least one suggestion for improvement. We identified six major domains of dissatisfaction: ineptitude (7.7%), disrespect (6.1%), waits (15.8%), ineffective communication (7.4%), lack of environmental control (15.6%), and substandard amenities (6.9%). These domains corresponded to six implicit expectations for quality hospital care: safety, treatment with respect and dignity, minimized wait times, effective communication, control over physical surroundings, and high‐quality amenities. Some of these expectations, such as for safe care, effective communication between providers, and lack of disrespect, may not be adequately captured in existing patient satisfaction assessments.CONCLUSIONS:The results represent patient‐generated priorities for quality improvement in healthcare. These priorities are not all consistently represented in standard patient satisfaction surveys and quality improvement initiatives. Patient input is critical to assessing the quality of hospital care and to identifying areas for improvement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The innovation necessity: Evidence from microcredit in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Bradley Steven W. , Artz Kendall , Hulett Jimmy 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study examines the role of business innovation as an important, but understudied intervening relationship between microcredit loans and income level. Using archival and survey data of microcredit clients from the Dominican Republic, the study finds that loan size has a positive effect on income level, but only in the presence of business innovation. We find that greater business training in relation to competitors is a significant indicator of business innovation. The findings also suggest that personal characteristics and competitive environment play a joint, but opposite role with innovation in predicting income level. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microvascularization of the interhyoid muscle in larval Xenopus laevis (Daudin): Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and correlative light microscopy
Authors: Rattey J. , Lametschwandtner A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe interhyoid muscle in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis (Daudin) is an important part of the buccal pump, a functional unit that provides unidirectional flow of water through mouth and pharynx. In anuran tadpoles, this flow is crucial in both respiration (gas exchange) and food intake (ingestion). The microvascular anatomy of the interhyoid muscles of 43 tadpoles of X. laevis from developmental stages 49–60 was examined by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and correlative light microscopy of paraplast embedded Goldner stained serial tissue sections. Analysis of vascular corrosion casts of the interhyoid muscle showed that several descending branches of external carotid arteries supplied the interhyoid muscle. Arteries splitted into many arterioles at the dorsal surface of the interhyoid muscle and formed sheaths of longitudinally orientated capillaries around muscle fibers. Postcapillary vessels formed perpendicularly orientated arrays of collecting venules (mean diameter: 15.6 μm), which drained the interhyoid muscle from the ventral surface into external jugular veins. Cast analyses revealed sprouting angiogenesis at the capillary level and nonsprouting angiogenesis at distal domains of the venous system. Both means of angiogenesis that persisted throughout the developmental periods examined are thought to represent a superposition of concurrent developmental and physiological processes. The dense microvascular bed of the interhyoid muscle reflects its high demand for supply with oxygen and nutrients. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards the development of a corrosion map for Abu Dhabi
Authors: Ganther W. D. , Cole I. S. , Helal A. M. , Chan W. , Paterson D. A. , Trinidad G. , Corrigan P. , Mohamed R. , Sabah N. , Al‐Mazrouei A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInfrastructure development in the United Arab Emirates continues to escalate, yet very few corrosion studies have been performed in the region. In a step to address this situation, this paper reports on a study of zinc and steel corrosion and salt deposition rates at five sites in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The sites are classified as either urban/marine, marine, inland or mountainous. The study found that zinc corrosion rates range from 15 µm/year on the coast to 0.6 µm/year inland, while steel corrosion rates are 56 and 10 µm/year, respectively, at the same locations. While the salt deposition rate ranges from 5 to 18 mg/m2/day, it is not directly related to distance from the coast. Although the salt deposition rates observed are consistent with those at locations at similar latitudes, the corrosion rates are higher than in locations with comparable salt deposition rates. However, when the data were analysed along with relevant local meteorological data, it was found to be consistent with the basic assumptions of the holistic model of atmospheric corrosion developed byColeet al. In particular, it is suggested that the relatively high corrosion rates observed here are associated with a greater accumulation of salt, which can occur in Abu Dhabi because rainfall, and thus rain washing, is extremely low compared to similar exposure locations in Australia and South‐East Asia.