bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of steroids and xenobiotic receptor polymorphisms in forecasting cyclosporine pharmacokinetic variability in young kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Ferraresso Mariano , Turolo Stefano , Belinghieri Mirco , Tirelli Amedea Silvia , Grillo Paolo , Groppali Elena , Edefonti Alberto , Ghio Luciana 
Published: July 2012

Ferraresso M, Turolo S, Belinghieri M, Tirelli AS, Grillo P, Groppali E, Edefonti A, Ghio L. The potential of steroids and xenobiotic receptor polymorphisms in forecasting cyclosporine pharmacokinetic variability in young kidney transplant recipients.Abstract:  The steroids and xenobiotics receptor (SXR) up‐regulates the expression and the synthesis of key enzymes in CyA metabolism. In this study, we examined the possible interactions between CyA exposure and SXR polymorphisms during the first year after renal transplantation. The study involved 66 pediatric renal transplant recipients (25 women and 41 men, mean age 13.9 ± 7.4 yr). All patients were genotyped for two sequence variations in the NR1I2 gene: g.‐205_‐200delGAGAAG and 7635 A>G. CyA trough levels and CyA weight‐adjusted daily dose were recorded at 30, 90, 180, and 360 days after transplantation and compared between the different genotypes. A third newly discovered SXR polymorphism was characterized and also included in the study. CyA trough levels and CyA weight‐adjusted daily dose were comparable on four time points throughout the first year post‐transplant in all three groups. GEE showed a significant reduction in weight‐adjusted CyA daily dose in patients carrying the deletion of 6 bp in SXR with a significant group‐by‐time effect that persisted also when analysis was corrected for age, prednisone dose, and acute rejection episodes. In our group of patients, only the g.‐205_‐200delGAGAAG SXR polymorphism was able to influence the metabolism of CyA continuously, during the first year after transplantation.
Depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of children and adolescents with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Ozbaran Burcu , Kose Sezen , Yagdi Tahir , Engin Cagatay , Erermis Serpil , Yazici Kemal Utku , Noyan Aysin , Ozbaran Mustafa 
Published: July 2012

Ozbaran B, Kose S, Yagdi T, Engin C, Erermis S, Yazici KU, Noyan A, Ozbaran M. Depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of children and adolescents with left ventricular assist devices.Abstract:  VADs have been used to provide treatment for end‐stage heart failure. Parents may feel overwhelmed with the VAD regimes responsibility and be affected from this process beside children. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the depressive and anxiety symptoms of mothers of the first eight children equipped with a VAD in Turkey. The mothers of eight pediatric patients living with VADs were filled BDI and STAI at first month of VAD implantation (E.I) and secondly six months after their first evaluation (E.II). In E.I, the BDI mean score of mothers was 20.87, in E.II 14.37. STAI‐S mean score was 53.37 in E.I and 43.62 in E.II. The Wilcoxon nonparametric‐paired t‐test revealed significant difference between baseline and end‐point STAI‐S scores (Z: −2.035; p: 0.042), and for BDI scores (Z, −1.965; p, 0.049). Prolonged usage of VAD may increase distress in parents. Psychiatric evaluation and support of the primary caregiver is important for the well‐being of the pediatric patients.
Camouflage through an active choice of a resting spot and body orientation in moths
Authors: Kang C.‐K. , Moon J.‐Y. , Lee S.‐I. , Jablonski P. G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCryptic colour patterns in prey are classical examples of adaptations to avoid predation, but we still know little about behaviours that reinforce the match between animal body and the background. For example, moths avoid predators by matching their colour patterns with the background. Active choice of a species‐specific body orientation has been suggested as an important function of body positioning behaviour performed by moths after landing on the bark. However, the contribution of this behaviour to moths’ crypticity has not been directly measured. From observations of geometrid moths,Hypomecis roborariaandJankowskia fuscaria, we determined that the positioning behaviour, which consists of walking and turning the body while repeatedly lifting and lowering the wings, resulted in new resting spots and body orientations inJ. fuscariaand in new resting spots inH. roboraria. The body positioning behaviour of the two species significantly decreased the probability of visual detection by humans, who viewed photographs of the moths taken before and after the positioning behaviour. This implies that body positioning significantly increases the camouflage effect provided by moth’s cryptic colour pattern regardless of whether the behaviour involves a new body orientation or not. Our study demonstrates that the evolution of morphological adaptations, such as colour pattern of moths, cannot be fully understood without taking into account a behavioural phenotype that coevolved with the morphology for increasing the adaptive value of the morphological trait.
Post‐hatching parental care masks the effects of egg size on offspring fitness: a removal experiment on burying beetles
Authors: Monteith K. M. , Andrews C. , Smiseth P. T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractParents can increase the fitness of their offspring by allocating nutrients to eggs and/or providing care for eggs and offspring. Although we have a good understanding of the adaptive significance of both egg size and parental care, remarkably little is known about the co‐evolution of these two mechanisms for increasing offspring fitness. Here, we report a parental removal experiment on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides in which we test whether post‐hatching parental care masks the effect of egg size on offspring fitness. As predicted, we found that the parent's presence or absence had a strong main effect on larval body mass, whereas there was no detectable effect of egg size. Furthermore, egg size had a strong and positive effect on offspring body mass in the parent's absence, whereas it had no effect on offspring body mass in the parent's presence. These results support the suggestion that the stronger effect of post‐hatching parental care on offspring growth masks the weaker effect of egg size. We found no correlation between the number and size of eggs. However, there was a negative correlation between larval body mass and brood size in the parent's presence, but not in its absence. These findings suggest that the trade‐off between number and size of offspring is shifted from the egg stage towards the end of the parental care period and that post‐hatching parental care somehow moderates this trade‐off.
Manipulation of Infant‐Like Traits Affects Perceived Cuteness of Infant, Adult and Cat Faces
Authors: Little Anthony C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPhysical traits that are characteristic of human infants are referred to as baby‐schema, and the notion that these affect perception of cuteness and elicit care giving from adults has a long history. In this study, infant‐similarity was experimentally manipulated using the difference between adult and infant faces. Human infant, human adult and cat faces were manipulated to look more (human) infant‐like or adult‐like. The results from the current study demonstrate the impact of infant‐similarity on human adults' perception of cuteness across the three different types of face. The type of face had a large impact on perceived cuteness in line with the expected infant‐similarity of the images. Infants and cats were cutest while adults were less cute. The manipulations of infant‐similarity, however, had similar effects on the perception of cuteness across all three types of face. Faces manipulated to have infant‐like traits were rated as cuter than their equivalents manipulated to have adult‐like traits. These data demonstrate that baby‐like traits have a powerful hold over human perceptions and that these effects are not simply limited to infant faces.
Management of the occiput posterior presentation: A single institute experience
Authors: Sen Keiiku , Sakamoto Hideki , Nakabayashi Yasushi , Takeda Yoshiharu , Nakayama Setsuko , Adachi Tomoko , Nakabayashi Masao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  We have examined the risk factors and management processes of the persistent occiput posterior (pOP) position by analyzing medical records from our hospital.Material and Methods:  Medical records and delivery notes from January 2007 to December 2009 were reviewed and 103 patients were identified as having the pOP position during active labor. A total of 1054 patients who had occiput anterior (OA) deliveries were used as control.Results:  There was no significant difference in population background between the pOP and control groups. Fifty‐eight (56%) cases of pOP were identified before the birth of the fetal head whereas 45 were found to be in pOP at the birth. Among these cases identified as pOP before the birth, 30 (52%) patients underwent an attempt to rotate pOP to OA manually. A total of 14 (47%) attempts were successful and delivered OA vaginally. Of 16 cases whose attempts failed, five (31%) had cesarean delivery and 11 had vaginal OP delivery. The overall cesarean rate in this group was 16.7%. Twenty‐eight patients who did not have any corrective intervention had a significantly higher rate of cesarean section (60.7%, P < 0.001 by χ2 analysis). The advanced head station and the wider dilatation resulted in a successful manual rotation.Conclusions:  Attempts to correct pOP by manual rotation have better results when the head is in the mid‐pelvis. Also, posture change reduces cesarean section rate. The current data suggest attempts to correct pOP to OA reduce cesarean section rate.
Kami‐shoyo‐san, Kampo (Japanese traditional medicine), is effective for climacteric syndrome, especially in hormone‐replacement‐therapy‐resistant patients who strongly complain of psychological symptoms
Authors: Hidaka Takao , Yonezawa Rika , Saito Shigeru 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for climacteric symptoms is effective for vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and sweating, but not for various psychological symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability. In such cases, prescribing Kampo, traditional herbal medicine, is sometimes considered. However, the effectiveness of Kampo has not been clearly shown. We examined the clinical effect of Kami‐shoyo‐san, a herbal formula commonly prescribed for climacteric symptoms in a Japanese Kampo clinic.Methods:  There were 180 patients who initially consulted our Kampo Outpatient Clinic due to the absence of a response to HRT or unsatisfactory improvement. Out of 180 patients, 45 patients received a Kami‐shoyo‐san extract for 4 weeks based on patient‐centered Kampo diagnosis. We evaluated the severity of climacteric symptoms based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) score before and after 4 weeks of Kami‐shoyo‐san administration. Furthermore, the severity of each symptom before treatment was compared between the responders and non‐responders.Results:  Kami‐shoyo‐san was effective in 33 (73.3%) of the 45 patients. After treatment, on the whole, the VAS score significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). Concerning vasomotor symptoms and psychological symptoms, each VAS score significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). When comparing the severity of pretreatment symptoms between responders and non‐responders, symptoms, such as ‘insomnia’, ‘depression’, and ‘vertigo’ were significantly more marked in the responders (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  The results of this study suggest that Kami‐shoyo‐san relieved both vasomotor and psychological symptoms, and especially in patients with marked psychological symptoms, it exhibited potent effects.
Fumarate hydratase gene mutation in two young patients with sporadic uterine fibroids
Authors: Kubinova Kristyna , Tesarova Marketa , Hansikova Hana , Vesela Kamila , Kuzel David , Mara Michal 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFumarate hydratase (FH) is a key enzyme of the Krebs cycle. Germline mutations in the FH gene encoding fumarate hydratase cause autosomal dominant syndromes multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). Few data have been published on the role of FH gene mutation in development of uterine fibroids outside the context of multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomata /HLRCC. We report two FH gene mutations, one novel and one previously described, in two young patients with sporadic uterine fibroids and decreased fumarate hydratase activity in lymphocytes. In patient 1, a novel heterozygous mutation c.892G>C was found. In patient 2 we detected heterozygous mutation c.584T>C. Both the patients had a negative family history for renal cancer and cutaneous leiomyomatosis. None of the relatives, however, underwent renal imaging at the time of writing. FH mutation carriers may be easily identified by analysis of fumarate hydratase activity in blood lymphocytes. We suggest performing fumarate hydratase activity or FH mutation screening in women with onset of uterine fibroids in their 20s and family history of uterine fibroids or other HLRCC‐associated malignancies.
Endocervical crypt involvement by high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after large loop excision of transformation zone: Do we need a different follow‐up strategy?
Authors: Kodampur Mallikarjun , Kopeika Julia , Mehra Gautam , Pepera Theodora , Menon Padma 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAims:  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of endocervical crypt involvement in specimens with clear margins on recurrence following large loop excision of transformation zone (LLETZ).Material and Methods:  This was an observational cohort study. In the colposcopy unit in a university teaching hospital we prospectively collected data for women who underwent LLETZ treatment for high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) between 2003 and 2004. We determined the difference in recurrence rate and need for repeat treatment between groups with and without crypt involvement in the primary histology. We prospectively collected data of follow up until 2010. The recurrence was analyzed using Cox regression.Results:  A total of 309 women had complete excision of the margins following LLETZ treatment for CIN 2 or 3. There was no significant difference in age between groups with (30.2) and without (29.7) crypt involvement (P < 0.25). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of abnormal smear results before and after LLETZ between groups with or without crypt involvement (P = 0.043). The need to perform a repeated treatment was significantly different between groups with and without crypt involvement (P < 0.024). A full model significantly predicted recurrence of cervical pathology (P < 0.009) that necessitated treatment when crypt involvement was present. The odds ratio for repeat treatment with crypt involvement was 2.67 (confidence interval, 1.27–5.64).Conclusions:  Our study showed that positive involvement of endocervical crypt by CIN in a cervical loop excision specimen increases the frequency of subsequent episodes of treatment.
Early processing of pitch in the human auditory system
Authors: Alho Kimmo , Grimm Sabine , Mateo‐León Sabina , Costa‐Faidella Jordi , Escera Carles 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMiddle‐latency auditory evoked potentials, indicating early cortical processing, elicited by pitch changes and repetitions in pure tones and by complex tones with a missing‐fundamental pitch were recorded in healthy adults ignoring the sounds while watching a silenced movie. Both for the pure and for the missing‐fundamental tones, the Nb middle‐latency response was larger for pitch changes (tones preceded by tones of different pitch) than for pitch repetitions (tones preceded by tones of the same pitch). This Nb enhancement was observed even for missing‐fundamental tones preceded by repeated tones that had a different missing‐fundamental pitch but included all harmonics of the subsequent tone with another missing‐fundamental pitch. This finding rules out the possibility that the Nb enhancement in response to a change in missing‐fundamental pitch was simply attributable to the activity of auditory cortex neurons responding specifically to the harmonics of missing‐fundamental tones. The Nb effect presumably indicates pitch processing at or near the primary auditory cortex, and it was followed by a change‐related enhancement of the N1 response, presumably generated in the secondary auditory cortex. This N1 enhancement might have been caused by a mismatch negativity response overlapping with the N1 response. Processing of missing‐fundamental pitch was also reflected by the distribution of Nb responses. Tones with a higher missing‐fundamental pitch elicited more frontally dominant Nb responses than tones with a lower missing‐fundamental pitch. This effect of pitch, not seen for the pure tones, might indicate that the exact location of the Nb generator source in the auditory cortex depends on the missing‐fundamental pitch of the eliciting tone.
Dapagliflozin monotherapy in drug‐naïve patients with diabetes: a randomized‐controlled trial of low‐dose range
Authors: Bailey C. J. , Iqbal N. , T'joen C. , List J. F. 
Published: July 2012

AimsMany patients with type 2 diabetes are suboptimally managed with currently available therapies. Dapagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, has shown efficacy in reducing diabetic hyperglycaemia. This study assessed efficacy of three lower doses in recently diagnosed patients.MethodsThis phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study assigned treatment‐naïve patients to placebo or dapagliflozin monotherapy (1, 2.5 or 5 mg) daily for 24 weeks. Patients were antidiabetic drug‐naïve with inadequate glycaemic control [haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥7.0 and ≤10.0%]. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline. Secondary endpoints included changes in body weight and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and proportions achieving HbA1c <7%.ResultsA total of 282 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Baseline characteristics were similar across groups. At week 24, mean HbA1c reduction was significantly greater with dapagliflozin: −0.68% for 1 mg, −0.72% for 2.5 mg, −0.82% for 5 mg, versus 0.02% for placebo (p < 0.0001); compared to mean baseline values of 7.8–8.1%. Mean FPG reduction was significantly greater for all dapagliflozin groups versus placebo (p < 0.02), as was mean weight reduction (p < 0.003). During the treatment period, 19.1% of placebo‐treated patients received rescue medication or discontinued because of poor glycaemic control versus 6.9, 4.1 and 5.9% for dapagliflozin 1, 2.5 and 5 mg, respectively. Percentages of patients experiencing ≥1 adverse event were similar across groups.ConclusionDapagliflozin at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/day is effective in reducing glycaemic levels and body weight in treatment‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin was generally well tolerated. This insulin‐independent mechanism suggests a new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Life on the fly: phylogenetics and evolution of the helicopter damselflies (Odonata, Pseudostigmatidae)
Authors: Ingley Spencer J. , Bybee Seth M. , Tennessen Kenneth J. , Whiting Michael F. , Branham Marc A. 
Published: July 2012

Ingley, S.J., Bybee, S.M., Tennessen, K.J., Whiting, M.F. & Branham, M.A. (2012). Life on the fly: phylogenetics and evolution of the helicopter damselflies (Odonata, Pseudostigmatidae). —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 637–650.Helicopter damselflies (Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae) form a relatively small, yet highly specialized group of odonates, including the largest extant odonate (wingspan of ∼190 mm). Pseudostigmatids are found throughout Central and South America, with the exception of one species that is found exclusively in East Africa. Pseudostigmatids oviposit exclusively in phytotelmata and forage on orb‐weaver spiders, which they pluck from webs. Pseudostigmatids also exhibit unique forms of both broad and narrow wings. Although the ecology of these behaviours and morphological features have been studied, their phylogenetic origins and evolutionary history are unknown. Here, we examine the origins of pseudostigmatid wing forms, oviposition in phytotelmata and spider feeding within a modern phylogenetic context, testing for single origins of each character. Phylogenetic analyses are based on 59 morphological characters and ∼5 kb of sequence data. Our findings include a well‐supported monophyletic Pseudostigmatidae and Coryphagrion grandis as sister to the Neotropical genera. The genus Mecistogaster is paraphyletic, with Pseudostigma nested within the clade. The genus Microstigma is supported as monophyletic and forms a sister group relationship to the clade of Megaloprepus and Anomisma. The sister group relationship to Pseudostigmatidae is less clear. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, we propose three new tribes (Coryphagrionini, Microstigmatini and Mecistogastrini). As Pseudostigmatidae is monophyletic, the behaviour of gleaning spiders from webs appears to derive from a single origin. There are two origins of broad wings within Pseudostigmatidae. Oviposition in phytotelmata most certainly evolved multiple times within Coenagrionoidea. These findings provide new insights into pseudostigmatid evolution that can be used to generate hypotheses regarding behaviour and morphological adaptation in this unique and threatened group of damselflies.
The landscape of educational technology viewed from the ETR&D journal
Authors: Cho Yonjoo , Park Sunyoung , Jo Sung Jun , Suh Susan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to conduct a citation network analysis of Educational Technology Research and Development (ETR&D) to examine the trends and issues of the educational technology field's scholarly community that have evolved in the past two decades. The distinctive features of citation network analysis used in this study derive from a social network analysis approach to see relational and network patterns in the citation data. From this citation network analysis, we obtained the following results: (1) the ETR&D network revealed structural attributes that help us understand the features regarding how the field has developed and how scholarly works have interacted; (2) the most influential papers and scholars in the field were identified; (3) frequently co‐cited papers were recognized as having a strong relationship by a few researchers and (4) five cohesive subgroups (factions) generated key research themes in the field including: instructional design, learning environments, the role of technology, educational technology research and psychological foundations. Implications and limitations of the study were discussed for future research.
Social interactions by visual focus of attention in a three‐dimensional environment
Authors: Bazzani L. , Cristani M. , Tosato D. , Farenzena M. , Paggetti G. , Menegaz G. , Murino V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn human behaviour analysis, the visual focus of attention (VFOA) of a person is a very important cue. VFOA detection is difficult, though, especially in a unconstrained and crowded environment, typical of video surveillance scenarios. In this paper, we estimate the VFOA by defining the Subjective View Frustum, which approximates the visual field of a person in a three‐dimensional representation of the scene. This opens up to several intriguing behavioural investigations. In particular, we propose the Inter‐Relation Pattern Matrix, which suggests possible social interactions between the people present in a scene. Theoretical justifications and experimental results substantiate the validity and the goodness of the analysis performed.