bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Major Cause of Winterkill of Winter Oats1
Authors: Pfeifer Robert P. , Kline J. Philip 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisWinterkill in winter oats occurred during January in the 2 years studied. Winterkill was related to the temperature of the soil. Soil temperatures of 22° F. at 1‐inch depth caused significant winterkilling in certain varieties of winter oats. Winterhardiness increased as age of plants increased.
A Comparison of the Performance of Bromegrass, Orchardgrass, and Timothy in Northern Wisconsin1
Authors: Schmidt D. R. , Tenpas G. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTimothy produced more dry matter than bromegrass and orchardgrass when grown in pure stands without nitrogen fertilizer and in association with trefoil‐red clover. Orchardgrass was the most productive of the nitrogen‐fertilized pure grass stands cut at the pasture stage. Bromegrass yielded slightly more than timothy and orchardgrass in the alfalfa‐ladino association and in nitrogen‐fertilized stands managed as hay. Crude protein production was usually in the following order: bromegrass, timothy, and orchardgrass.
Yield Components in Oats. V. Optimum Number of Replicates and Samples Per Plot for Spikelet Counts1
Authors: Frey K. J. , Rodgers P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFor measuring the number of spikelets per head in oats at a minimum cost, the most efficient number of replicates and samples per plot to obtain a precision of σ2x̄=.08 X̄ were 7 and 6, respectively.
Reaction of Smooth Bromegrass to Seedling Pathogens1
Authors: Kaufmann M. J. , Drolsom P. N. , Nielsen E. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisInoculation with pure cultures of Pythium graminicola and Helminthosporium sativum indicated that repeatable differences in reaction to infection occur among seedlings of named strains and experimental synthetics of smooth bromegrass.
Activities of Acid Phosphatase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenolase in Etiolated Shoots from Control and Irradiated Maize Seeds1
Authors: Haskins F. A. , Downs S. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisEvidence is presented that enzymatic differences exist between etiolated shoots from appropriately irradiated maize seeds and shoots from control seeds. Differences in specific activities of acid phosphatase and peroxidase became apparent only when individual portions (first internode, coleoptile, and unexpanded foliage leaves) of the shoot were considered. Contributions of the three shoot portions to total activities of acid phosphatase, peroxidase, and polyphenolase also were studied, and irradiation‐induced differences in the patterns of contribution were noted.
Performance of Temperate Zone Pasture Species Within Tropical Boundaries, as Represented by Colombia1
Authors: Crowder Loy V. , Ramirez Rodrigo , Chaverra Hernan 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPerformance was best at elevations between 6,500 and 9,000 feet. At lower elevations initial growth was superior but survival was low because of high temperatures, drouth, and diseases. In higher regions the short day, low temperatures, and cloudiness hindered growth. Varieties originating nearest the tropical latitude grew more rapidly as seedlings and during establishment, flowered earlier and more profusely, had higher seed yields, and produced more total forage, but were less persistent.
Relationship between Losses of Fermentable Sugars and Changes in Organic Acids of Silage1
Authors: Kearney P. C. , Kennedy W. K. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFermentable sugars were reduced to half of their original content under conditions simulating poorly compacted silage during the first day of fermentation. Due to the low initial sugar content of alfalfa, aerobic respiration caused greater deterioration in alfalfa than in orchardgrass. Organic acid formation in the resultant silage was related to the sugar losses.
Soil Moisture Regime Effect on Yield and Evapotranspiration from Warm Season Perennial Forage Species1
Authors: Doss Basil D. , Bennett O. L. , Ashley D. A. , Weaver H. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAverage yields of warm season perennial forage species increased as soil moisture increased for all species except sericea which yielded highest at the intermediate moisture regime. Total water used depended more upon the amount of available water in the soil than on plant species. Moisture was first extracted at a shallow depth beneath the plant, and then at successively lower depths.
Influence of Mulching on the Manganese Content of Corn Plant Tissue1
Authors: Parker Don T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSeedling corn plants grown on mulched soil contained less Mn than plants grown on bare soil. Although a marked Mn deficiency did not occur, evidence of an influence on plant physiology was indicated by an accumulation of free α‐amino‐N in very young plants. In soils normally low in available Mn mulching could critically affect the Mn nutrition of corn.
Evapotranspiration Rates from Bermudagrass and Corn at Raleigh, North Carolina1
Authors: van Bavel C. H. M. , Harris D. G. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe Penman formula in three modifications accounts reasonably well for the observed values. Roughly, evapotranspiration was equivalent to 0.8 of net radiation over the crop.
Response of Normal and “uzu” Winter Barley Varieties to Fertilizer Additions1
Authors: Barthakur Badan C. , Poehlman J. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMo. B‐475, normal, and C.I. 7439, “uzu”, winter barley varieties were compared with all treatment combinations of 3 fertilizer rates and solid and spaced seeding rates. Mo. B‐475 produced higher grain yields as a result of more spike‐bearing tillers and heavier kernels; C.I. 7439 had the largest number of kernels per spike. None of the “variety × fertilizer” interactions reached the 5% level of significance.
Effect of Seeding Rate, Row Spacing, and Rate and Placement of Fertilizer on Winter Wheat Performance in Michigan1
Authors: Kinra K. L. , Foth H. D. , Robertson L. S. , Brown H. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCulms per square foot, height, and vigor in the fall were much affected by seeding rate, row spacing distance, fertilizer rate, and fertilizer placement while yield, lodging score, and test weight were less affected. However, the positive correlation between fall culm count and yield in 3 of the 4 experiments emphasizes the importance of selection, of proper row spacing distance, seed rate, fertilizer rate, and fertilizer placement for producing winter wheat in Michigan.
Chemical Composition of Tobacco in Relation to Leaf‐Burn and Quality1
Authors: Peterson L. A. , Tibbits T. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisLeaf‐burn of tobacco was significantly related to the leaf constituents in the following order of importance: K(+) > Cl(−) > SO4−S(−) > Mg(−) > NO3−N(−) > total N(−). Magnesium was the only constituent that was significantly related (inversely) to quality.
Field Plot Technique Studies with Flue‐Cured Tobacco. I. Optimum Plot Size and Shape1
Authors: Crews Julian W. , Jones Guy L. , Mason D. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOptimum plot size was estimated from Smith's soil heterogeneity index and relative cost of experimental procedures. Estimates of optimum size of unguarded plots for measuring yield ranged from 19 to 39 plants when data from individual locations and years were considered separately. However, considering all trials for both size and shape, plots 1 row wide (3.5 feet) by 49.5 feet long (27 plants spaced 22 inches) were optimum.
Estimation of Optimum Plot Size and Shape for Safflower Yield Trials1
Authors: Wiedemann A. M. , Leininger L. N. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOptimum plot size and shape for safflower yield trials were estimated to be 8 times the basic unit or 3.67 feet wide by 20 feet long. Drastic and sudden changes in soil uniformity can lead to an abnormal calculated value of b.
Interrelations Between Post‐Harvest Dormancy and Soil Moisture in Germination of Wheat1
Authors: Harris Wallace W. , Lawless John R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTime of planting, age of seed, and soil moisture conditions affected germination and emergence of 4 varieties of winter wheat in field and laboratory tests. All varieties germinated poorly, regardless of soil moisture conditions, when planted before dormancy was completed; however, varieties differed in ability to germinate under limited soil moisture when not affected by post‐harvest dormancy. Rate of growth, as measured by epicotyl length, was positively correlated with soil moisture.
Density of Alfalfa Plants as a Criterion for Estimating Productivity of an Alfalfa Bromegrass Mixture on Fertile Soil1
Authors: Marten G. C. , Wedin W. F. , Hueg W. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn a 2‐year study, no significant differences in dry matter yield or protein content appeared between alfalfa‐brome stands originally containing from 2 to 12 or more alfalfa plants per square foot. Increments of nitrogen up to 120 pounds per acre did not affect yield, but caused an increase in crude protein percentage of the mixed forage by the second year.
Yield of Orchard Grass as Influenced by Rates of Nitrogen and Harvest Management1
Authors: Drake Mack , Colby W. G. , Bredakis E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields were increased by early initial harvest, by 3‐inch height of cut, and by 400 lb. N/A. Interactions between height of cut and time of harvest, height of cut and rate of N, and time of harvest and rate of N were highly significant. No N response was produced by normal date of harvest plus 1.5‐inch cut. Early stage of maturity was more important than height of cut in the first harvest, but height of cut was more important in subsequent harvests.
Seed Treatment Studies on Sorghum in Texas1
Authors: Quinby J. R. , Stewart Robert B. , Watkins G. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe most effective treatments increased emergence about 10%, but the least effective did not increase it at all. Organic protectants were more effective than mercurial. The protection increased as seed aged, but seed more than 2 years old did not emerge well enough to be used for planting.
Effect of Row Spacing Distance on Oat Performance1
Authors: Foth H. D. , Robertson L. S. , Brown H. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisData on yield components, culm size and straw‐grain ratio, percentage composition, and accumulation of N, P, and K, and the weight and distribution of roots indicate that the greater growth and accumulation of nutrients of plants grown on plots with the narrowest row spacing distance was more likely the result of better utilization of light in photosynthesis than any difference associated with the root system.
Effect of Clipping on the Invasion of Pastures by Velvetgrass, Holcus lanatus L.1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , McGuire William S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisVelvetgrass invasion of stands of perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and meadow foxtail was retarded by clipping to a height of 4 inches as compared to 2 inches, and by clipping twice during the season as compared to clipping 3 times.
Effect of Applied Sulfur on Yield and Sulfur Uptake of Various California Dryland Pasture Species1
Authors: Jones Milton B. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisForage production was increased by sulfur applied up to 40 pounds per acre. The subclover component increased up to 80 pounds of S per acre. Annual grass yields at the high rates of S were decreased by clover competition. Higher rates of S application had a greater carry‐over effect than the 20‐pound raw. Subclover and hardingrass had the greatest increase in uptake of S with increasing rates of applied S, while annual grasses had the least.
Soil Aeration and Plant Root Relations. III. Physical Aspects of Oxygen Diffusion in the Liquid Phase of the Soil1
Authors: Kristensen K. J. , Lemon E. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThis paper first takes up the oxygen “supply” characteristics of the soil environment, considering the various soil parameters required in the simple model for oxygen diffusion near plant roots. Finally the “demand” and “supply” aspects of oxygen in the root‐soil system is integrated demonstrating that the two aspects are interdependent. Quantitative data offer evidence of the limits imposed by root respiration and soil aeration in the immediate root environment.
Differential Accumulation of Strontium, Calcium, and Other Elements by Corn (Zea Mays L.) Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Authors: Baker Dale E. , Thomas W. I. , Gorsline G. W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFrom the results of this investigation, it was concluded that differential accumulation of elements by corn genotypes grown in the field can be predicted from the accumulations of young plants of the same genotypes grown in the greenhouse.
Soil Moisture Extraction Trends of Several Legume‐Grass Mixtures as Affected by Cutting Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilization1
Authors: Wolf Dale D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoil moisture extracted under mixtures cut 3 times was less at the 12‐inch soil depth, but greater at the 48‐inch depth, than with 5 cuttings. Extraction under alfalfa‐grass mixtures receiving nitrogen was greater at 12 inches, but usually less at 48 inches, than under mixtures receiving no nitrogen. Mixtures containing alfalfa extracted less soil moisture at 12 inches, but more at 48 inches, than mixtures containing birdsfoot trefoil or ladino clover.
Comparison of Fertility Treatments in a Corp Rotation Experiment1
Authors: Cady F. B. , Mason D. D. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA mathematical model was developed from the structure and design of a crop rotation experiment. The data were collected from a two‐year cornsoybean rotation replicated three times. Sixteen fertility treatments were applied to each whole plot, and the rotation was continued for six years. The analysis of variance, based on this model, is developed, and the computational procedures are described in detail. The expectation of the mean squares for the several sources of variation provide a basis for determining the appropriate F tests.
Leaf Development: Index of Plant Response to Environmental Factors1
Authors: Higgins Joseph J. , Haun Joseph R. , Koch E. James 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisDaily morphologic changes in plants were visually detected and recorded quantitatively. Changes in leaf form were used to determine the relative influences of environmental factors on plant growth. The lag in effect of each environmental factor was used in subsequent multiple regression analyses, responses to individual factors were determined, and a growth‐prediction equation was made.
Performance of Tillage Implements in a Stubble Mulch System. II. Effects on Soil Cloddiness1
Authors: Woodruff N. P. , Fenster C. R. , Chepil W. S. , Siddoway F. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisUnder field conditions, effects of stubble mulch tillage implements on soil cloddiness varied widely from year to year. During initial tillage, 2‐inch chisels, 32‐inch sweeps, and a one‐way disk operated 4 inches deep produced a more cloddy soil surface than a rodweeder with shovels, an 8‐foot V‐sweep, or a one‐way disk operated 2 inches deep. During subsequent tillage, a given implement increased or decreased cloddiness depending on type of previous tillage and soil moisture at time of tillage.
Fruiting and Growth Characteristics of Cotton in Relation to Soil Moisture Tension1
Authors: Bruce R. R. , Römkens M. J. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSquare initiation was reduced by increased tension limit and was directly related to plant height increase prior to 4 weeks past first bloom. Associated with the greater square production of treatments at low tension all season was a greater number of squares shed. Bloom production was also progressively reduced by increasing the tension limit. Prior to maximum fruit load square and post‐bloom abscission relative to total fruit production was not significantly affected by tensions of 2.5 atmospheres.
Manual Removal of Suckers from Fresh Market Sweet Corn in New Jersey1
Authors: Snell Robert S. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisManual removal of sweet corn suckers in irrigated plantings in New Jersey does not improve ear weight, ear length, or tip fill. Maturity may be hastened slightly. Removal by cutting at one foot in height does not damage ear weight, ear length, or tip fill; maturity is hastened and regrowth of suckers is slight. This appears to be the best method for growers who wish to remove suckers for greater ease in spraying or dusting and harvesting sweet corn.
Interaction of Nitrogen and Soil Moisture on the Production and Persistence of Timothy in Lysimeters1
Authors: Willhite F. M. , Grable A. R. , Rouse H. K. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisUrea‐N increased production of timothy approximately 5‐fold, irrespective of depth of water table and soil. Yields were about the same with water tables maintained at 2.5, 15, or 46 cm. as without a water table. Greatest yield occurred in lysimeters with 46 cm. of soil, 46‐cm. water tables, and N fertilizer. Within 2 years, Juncus balticus completely dominated nonfertilized timothy growing with 2.5 or 15‐cm. water tables. Formation of moss and a sod mat on the soil surface coincided with the appearance of Juncus.
Effect of Fall and Spring Application of Four Rates of Potassium on Yield and Composition of Timothy in Alaska1
Authors: Laughlin Winston M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisK application increased dry‐matter yields, K content, P and K uptake, and recovery of applied P, tended to increase the Ca/Mg ratio and sum of cations, reduced leaf spot infection, and tended to reduce N, P, Mg, and Ca content. Forage contained very high Mg and low Ca producing a low Ca/Mg ratio. Second clipping forage contained more Ca and Mg and less K than did the first clipping. Spring K application increased K content and uptake and tended to reduce incidence of leaf spot as compared to fall K application.
The Effect of Moisture Level and Incubation Time on the Chemical Equilibria of a Toledo Clay Loam Soil1
Authors: Harter R. D. , McLean E. O. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIncubation of a Toledo clay loam soil revealed that as soil water is increased above field‐capacity the soil environment is changed from oxidizing to reducing conditions. This transformation occurred in about five days. Thus, a soaking rain could create an healthy environment for plant growth, unless drainage is prompt. The formation of the genetic soil profile can also be partially explained by this rapid reduction.
Soil and Plant Responses to Long‐Term Fertilization of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)1
Authors: Markus D. K. , Battle W. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields and persistence were greatly increased by K fertilization over a period of 9 years. Yields were not affected and persistence was reduced by N and P. P concentration in alfalfa hay was dependent on rainfall rather than on the P fertilizer. Levels of soil K and P supplies were considerably influenced by K and P. Continued alfalfa production was largely dependent on the relative abundance of K provided by fertilization. P from the soil supply was sufficient for maximum yields, but supply was depleted without application of P.
Influence of Drying Method and Fertility Treatments on the Total and Water Soluble Nitrogen Contents of Alfalfa1
Authors: Burns J. C. , Noller C. H. , Rhykerd C. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn established stand of Ranger alfalfa was fertilized with various combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. One sample of freshly harvested material was immediately immersed in liquid nitrogen, freeze‐dried, and stored in a refrigerator. A second sample was weighed and dried to a constant weight. Forage was analyzed for total nitrogen and water soluble nitrogen (WSN).Freeze‐dried forage was found to be significantly higher (P<.01) in WSN but significantly lower (P<.01) total nitrogen than the oven‐dried material. Total nitrogen was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatments in the freeze‐dried forage. However, harvest date had a significant effect. Oven‐dried forage showed both a significant fertilizer and harvest effect.The WSN content of forage subjected to freeze‐drying was not altered significantly by either fertilizer treatments or harvest date. Identical samples of oven‐dried material showed contrary results with significant effects for both fertilizer treatments and harvest date. The variance estimates showed chemical analyses from the freeze‐dried forage to be more variable than similar oven‐dried material.Since the method of drying had a definite effect on the total and water soluble nitrogen constituents of forage plants, analyses on oven‐dried samples may not be representative of green plant material.
An Application of Multiple Covariance Analysis to the Estimation of Fertilizer Response Functions
Authors: Hoepner Paul H. , Lutz J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA procedure to test whether or not significant differences exist in fertilizer response functions is important in the statistical analysis of experimental data. Analysis of covariance is often used in the analysis of linear functions. This paper extends the analysis of covariance procedures to quadratic and higher order least squares regression functions by applying the statistical techniques to the results of an actual experiment.
Effect of Steam Blanching and Method of Drying on Solubility of Alfalfa Constituents1
Authors: Routley D. G. , Byers G. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSteam blanching has been shown to accelerate the drying of alfalfa. The object of this experiment was to determine the effect of blanching on the solubility of alfalfa constituents important in animal nutrition. Four treatments consisted of a combination of steam blanching for 2 minutes vs no steam, and oven (36C) vs freeze drying. Total nitrogen, alcohol‐soluble nitrogen, and sugars were measured. Also measured were nitrogen and dry matter dissolved by a buffer solution (pH 4.0), a buffered cellulase‐pepsin solution, and an acid detergent solution. Sugars and total nitrogen were unaffected by the treatments but blanching reduced the alcohol‐soluble nitrogen. Blanching also significantly reduced the dry matter and nitrogen removed by buffer, but had only small effect on the amount removed by the enzymes. Oven drying slightly lowered enzyme‐soluble nitrogen. Detergent‐soluble nitrogen and dry matter were reduced by oven drying, particularly after blanching. The results show that blanching effectively inactivates enzymes which may cause deterioration during drying or storage. A combination of blanching and oven drying appears to cause some reaction involving the nitrogen compounds which could reduce their digestibility.