bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BODY WEIGHT CHANGES AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF DISEASED AND HEALTHY JAPANESE QUAIL (Cortunix cortunix japonica)
Authors: Fayeye Timothy Rotimi , Badmos A H , Omole E B 
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated the body weight and carcass characteristics in diseased and healthy Japanese quails. Data was obtained on initial body weight (g), final body weight (4 weeks), mortality and carcass characteristics (eviscerated weight, weights of head, neck, breast, back, drum-stick and leg, liver, lung, heart, gizzard, intestine, and kidney) of 200 diseased and healthy Japanese quails. Clinically unhealthy birds were significantly lower in final body weight than birds in the control (0ml inoculum, free from aerosol transmission) (p<0.05). Mortality increased from 0% in unchallenged birds to 60% in birds challenged with 1.5ml reconstituted vaccine.Â Slaughtered weight and eviscerated weight were significantly (p<0.05) higher in clinically healthy birds (111.25g and 85.93g, respectively) than in exposed (58.19g and 50.68g, respectively) and clinically challenged treatment groups (43.05-68.53g and 41.05-52.95g, respectively). Weights of primal cuts; drumstick, back, breast and leg cuts were significantly higher in clinically healthy birds than in exposed and clinically challenged treatment groups (p<0.05). Generally, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in weights of lung, gizzard and kidney between clinically healthy and diseased groups. However, liver and heart weights were significantly higher in clinically healthy than diseased quail groups (p<0.05). Based on the study, it is concluded that the health status of quail birds affects their slaughter weight and carcass characteristics. The use of prophylactic measures such as vaccination against Newcastle disease is recommended to enhance body weight and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PASTING AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SORREL SEED (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) PROTEIN ISOLATE FORTIFIED MAIZE (Zea mays L) OGI
Authors: Sanni T A , Ogunbusola M E , ADUBIARO H O 
Published: April 2024

The use of sorrel seed protein isolate as supplements in enhancing the nutrients contents of commonly used maize grain weaning food was investigated in this study. Protein isolate was obtained from sorrel seed while maize Ogi was produced using the standard traditional method. The maize ogi samples A, B, C and D was fortified with sorrel seed protein isolate in the ratios; 100:0 (100% maize Ogi as the control), 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15 of the maize ogi to sorrel seed isolates respectively, while .Â Standard procedures were used to analyze the samples proximate composition, The pasting and organoleptic properties of the samples were evaluated using a Rapid Visco Analyzer and a Nine-point Hedonic scale respectively. Results showed that the samples protein contentranged between 10.21% and 23.34%, ash content was 3.0 â€“ 3.4, moisture content, 2.3 and 3.8%, fibre content ranged between 1.4 and 2.6%, fat content 6.6 - 10.8% and carbohydrates 59.15- 72.32. Enquiry on the functional properties showed that the water absorption capacity ranged between 71.65% and 76.58%, Oil absorption capacity between 53.39% and 59.11% and bulk densityn 0.53% and 0.74%.Â For the pasting characteristics, the samplespeak viscosity ranged between 1527.50- 2243.00 RVA, through, 1034.00 - 1472.00 RVA, breakdown; 495.50 - 775.00 RVA, final viscosity; 1837.50 - 2784.00 RVA, setback; 809.50- 1313.00 RVA, peak time; 5.43- 5.62 min and peak temperature; 78.03- 84.51oC.Â Sensory evaluation showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the attributes analyzed. Fortified Ogi with ratios; 95:5 or 5% inclusion of sorrel seed protein isolate was the most preferred among the supplements, while ratios; 85:15 or 15% was the least preferred among all the samples due to its taste. The study showed that maize ogi fortified with sorrel seed protein isolates exhibited higher nutritional properties and could be used as weaning food for infants.Â
MECHANICAL TRANSMISSIBILITY AND EFFECTS OF WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS AND CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS ON TWO WATERMELON CULTIVARS
Authors: ALIYU TAIYE HUSSEIN , Sanni S A , Akanbi B B , Adeoti O M , Balogun O S , Adeboye R S 
Published: April 2024

A screen house experiment was used to evaluate the mechanical transmissibility and effect of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on virus infection, growth, yield of Kaolac and Sugar dragon watermelon cultivars. The treatments consisted of each cultivar mechanically inoculated with a virus and a buffer control; making 6 treatment combinations each replicated 6 times with a total of 36 pots. The results indicated that Kaolac and Sugar dragon watermelon cultivars were susceptible to mechanical inoculations with WMV and CMV, with consequent diminutions in plant growth, number and weights of pods produced. The significantly highest percentage infection was in Kaolac cultivar inoculated with CMV (3.6 â€“ 23.6%). Â Â Â Kaolac cultivar inoculated with CMV also produced the significantly dwarfed plants (37.3cm) and lowest average number of leaves per plant (49.4). The significantly lowest average number of pods/plant (1.8) and weight of pods/plant (1.7Kg) were equally in Kaolac cultivar inoculated with CMV. The significantly highest average number of pods/plant (5.4 â€“ 5.6) and average weights of pods/plant (4.9 â€“ 5.2 kg) were however realized in the control treatments. On the overall, pathogenicity was greater in Kaolac watermelon cultivar infected with CMV compared with other treatments. Since genetic resistance is considered the most effective and most economical form of viral disease control; the screening of cultivars for their natural resistance to virus infection is essential for the development of control and management strategies for improvements in watermelon cultivation. Â
DETERMINANTS OF SMALL SCALE GINGER PRODUCTION IN IJUMU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Mohammed A B 
Published: April 2024

Ginger is an important rhizome in Nigeria, mostly cultivated by the rural smallholder farmers, who utilise low-level production techniques. There, is, therefore, the need to enhance their farming activities. Hence determinants of small scale ginger production were examined in this study. Primary data sourced from 120 respondents randomly selected from twelve villages were used while the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Â Study results revealed that the average age of the respondents was 44years, household size was 7 persons, farm size was 1 hectare, and the farming experience was 13 years. Most of the respondents (83%) have had no contact with extension agents. Farm management practices used by the ginger farmers showed that most of the respondents practiced mixed cropping, used family labour only while few of them used fertilizer and chemical respectively for ginger production. The result also revealed that age, educational level, marital status, household size, farm size, farming experience, and income significantly determined ginger production at P â‰¤ 0.05 level. Based on the study findings, the study recommends that ginger farm size and income should be increased to enhance ginger production. Extension services should also be facilitated to educate farmers on the use of adequate management practices. Sustainable increased in ginger production could be achieved if farmers can secure credits from formal institutions, as this will enhance ginger production.
EFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION ON ASSETS ACCUMULATION AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akanbi S O , Salami M F , Olatunji O S , Abdulrahman H T 
Published: April 2024

This paper examined the effect of rural-urban migration on assets accumulation among farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farming households in the study area, examine the level of rural-urban migration and the effects of rural-urban migration on assets accumulation among farming households. Data obtained from 120 farming household heads were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The result showed that most of the farming household heads (73.3%) were men, with the majority (70.0%) of them been married. About three-quarters of the respondents (77.5%) claimed to have migrants within their household and the analysis showed that household farm size and number of migrants in the household had a statistically significant effect on asset accumulation in the study area. This study concluded that most of the migrants had migrated in search of employment and furtherance of their education, thus decimating an average farming household in terms of their youthful population. As a result of this finding, it is recommended that there should be an all-inclusive agricultural programme by the government that will engage these youths to discourage them from further unnecessary migration from their immediate communities.Â Keywords: assets accumulation, farming households, non-migrants, remittance, Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â rural-urban migration
ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC HAND DUG WELLS SANITARY RISK AND WATER QUALITY IN ADO EKITI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE
Authors: Adeyeye J A , Akintan O B , Afun T 
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the sanitary conditions and groundwater quality of hand-dug wells in Ado-Ekiti local government area, Ekiti State in a view to supporting the operation and maintenance of hand-dug wells. This would provide clear guidance for remedial action on water quality integrity in the area. The study area was zoned into ten sampling sites and fifty (50) wells were randomly selected for sanitary risk assessment using the standard sanitary inspection form. Ten water samples were also collected from the zones and analyzed using standard procedures to determine microbial and physicochemical characteristics. Parameters of interest include total coliform count, fecal streptococci and E. coli, colour, turbidity, pH, temperature, sulphate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), iron (Fe+2), fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+2), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg+2), manganese (Mn+2), total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, and hardness. Results showed that the wells were found to be at various levels of risk: about 52 % were moderately at risk, 22 % (high risk) and about 4 % were at a very high risk of contamination due to poor hygiene and maintenance culture. All the samples from the hand-dug wells tested positive to total coliform count, E. coli (90 %) and fecal streptococci (70 %). When compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible limits, calcium, iron, pH, alkalinity and manganese were found to be above permissible limits of 75 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 6.5-8.5, 100 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L respectively.Â The study concluded that sanitary conditions of most of the wells failed to meet the standard requirement for modern hand-dug well and thus increased risk of contamination which is of public health concerns.
AN EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY OF AUTOMOBILE OIL WASH ON THE GILLS, LIVER AND SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Ariyomo T O , Omofunmi O E , Omobepade B P , Ogunmola T P 
Published: April 2024

Â The toxicity of a commercial automobile oil wash to Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 12.73g and mean total length 7.40cm) was investigated in a 96-hour Bioassay. The effects of the automobile oil wash on the histology of gills, liver and some haematological parameters of C. gariepinus were determined using standard methods. C. gariepinus showed varying degrees of hyperactivity, mortality, congestion, necrosis and vacuolation to the various concentrations (1.00ml/L, 1.33ml/L, 1.67ml/L, and 2.00ml/L) of the automobile oil wash used. The LC50 of the automobile oil wash to C. gariepinus juveniles was 1.92ml/L. The results obtained from the haematological analysis indicated that the value of the blood indices decreased with increasing concentrations of the automobile oil wash compared to those of the control fish at the end of the 96hour exposure period. The histopathological results showed that the automobile oil wash had a direct negative degenerative impact on the tissues of the gills and livers of C. gariepinus.
THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS ON THE DESIGN OF A BIOETHANOL PROCESSING PLANT CONDENSER
Authors: Adeleke A E , Oni K , Ogundana T 
Published: April 2024

In respect of an efficient design of bioethanol processing plants, the heat exchange equipment plays an important role. This paper elucidates the technical considerations on the design of a condenser which will be used to separate bioethanol from other components of fermented substrates. The existing guidelines and findings of the previous research works were followed for the design calculation of different parts of the condenser. Conceptual design approach was executed to determine the most advantageous design parameters that will produce higher efficient condenser. The results of the design analysis revealed the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA), Pull-Through Floating Head 1-2 Heat Exchanger as an efficient type of condenser suitable for the bioethanol processing plant. The results also show the following as the highest efficient parameters for the condenser design: shell outer diameter (783.1 mm), number of tubes (95), tube length (1830 mm), shell side pressure drop (0.22 kPa), tube side pressure drop (4.62 kPa). The efficiency of the designed condenser is 0.82.Â The design is hereby recommended for the construction of distillation unit of the bioethanol processing plant.
WATER ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO RICE VARIETIES DURING SOAKING
Authors: Adesina B S , Olayanju T M , Dairo O U , Ajakaye O R , Olasoju S A 
Published: April 2024

Quantitative data on the effect of processing variables for rice varieties are necessary for practical applications to characterize the rice soaking conditions and predict water absorption as a function of time and temperature. In this work, water absorption characteristics of two rice varieties; FUNAABOR-1 and FUNAABOR-2, were carried out. The rice varieties paddies were soaked in a thermo-statistically controlled hot water bath at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 0C and at soaking times ranging from 30 to 180 minutes. Data obtained were fitted to the Peleg Model to determine Peleg’s constants using a non-linear regression model. Temperature, time and variety all had significant effects (p < 0.05) on water absorption. The estimated Peleg’s equation adequately explained the hydration characteristics of the paddies with R2 values of 0.987 and 0.989 for FUNAABOR-1 and FUNAABOR-2 respectively. Peleg’s rate constant K1 decreases significantly as the hydration temperature were increased from 40 0C to 60 0C, suggesting a corresponding increase in the initial water absorption rate. Peleg’s capacity constant K2 increases fairly with increase in temperature of 40 to 50 0C and drop at 60 0C in both varieties, demonstrating that the water absorption rate increased and water absorption capacity decreased with increase in temperature. Activation Energy (Ea) of 0.73 KJ/Mol and 0.60 KJ/Mol were obtained for FUNAABOR-1 and FUNAABOR-2 respectively. The parameters obtained in this study are necessary during the parboiling operation of these rice varieties which affects subsequent processing operations and the quality of the final product.
ANALYSIS OF FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG YAM FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: P Sani T , M Baba K , K Abubakar U , S Abdullahi 
Published: April 2024

This study examined income diversification among yam farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. The study adopted a three-stage random sampling technique in the selection of respondents. In the first stage, three Local Government Areas were selected randomly from agro-ecological zone II of the State based on the preponderance of yam production in these Local Government Areas located in the zone. The second stage involved the random selection of three villages from each of the selected Local Government Areas summing up to nine villages. The third stage involved the random selection of yam farmers from each of the villages using stratified sampling technique. Data were collected through the aid of structured questionnaire. To analyse the collected data, the study employed Diversification Index and Farm Budgeting Techniques. . The study showed that 90% of the respondents were male and 45% were within the age range of 40-49 years, with a mean age of 43years. 91% of the respondents were married while about 44% had average household size of 8 members. 42% of respondents had no formal education. 58% sourced their funds from personal savings. The decomposition of the overall income between farm and off-farm income, revealed that the farm income accounted for 76.68% while off-farm income accounted for 23.32%. .The mean income diversification index was found to be 2.41. The study recommended that since there is poor access to credit facilities among respondents inhibiting livelihood diversification, there is a need to revamp rural financial systems.. Targeted education and skill development trainings could help enhance livelihood diversification strategies among respondents.. Efforts should be made at enhancing access to remunerative non-farm opportunities among the rural households. This includes the development of rural infrastructure in terms of road, market, electrification, telecommunication and storage facilities.
THE EFFICIENCY OF FRESH FISH MARKETING IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Shuaibu M K , Obulamah N H , Abubakar U K 
Published: April 2024

This study examined the efficiency of Fresh Fish marketing in some Selected Local Government Areas-LGAs, of Niger State, Nigeria. Specifically the study tested hypothesized factors’ effects on the Fresh Fish Marketing Efficiency in the study area. The hypothesized factors were farmers marketing experience, transportation cost, marketer’s age and marketers’ access to Credit. Multistage sampling technique was used to sample 120 fresh fish marketers for the study; The efficiency of Fresh Fish Marketers was 5.94 while regression analysis revealed that: local market tax; cost of purchasing product; transportation cost significantly influenced the efficiency of fresh fish marketing in the study area. R2 value was 92%. The study recommends that government should regulate the activities of middlemen in the fresh fish market, in order to significantly reduce the marketing cost. Fresh Fish marketers should be encouraged to join or form viable cooperatives towards empowering themselves.
ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY LEVELS AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Gusau S M , Abubakar Y , Akinyemi M 
Published: April 2024

The study investigated food security and poverty level among rural farming households in Zamfara State, Nigeria. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 240 households while a structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the food security index, and the Foster Greer Thorbeck (FGT) model. The study revealed that most of the respondents were married. The mean household size was 6 persons. The study also revealed that 95.8% of the respondents were within the active age of 25-54 years with a mean age of 49 years. The findings also showed that 75% of the respondents spent between N4000 and N10000 monthly on food. The Mean Per Capita Household Food Expenditure (MPCHHFE) and Food security line (2/3 of MPCHHFE) were ₦6,841.70 and ₦4,561.3 respectively. The result showed that 68.3% of the respondents were food insecure while 31.7 % were food secure based on the food security index constructed (that is 2/3 mean per capita food expenditure). The results of the FGT model found that 65.4% of the respondents’ equivalent to 157 were living below the poverty line, while 34.6% of the respondents representing 83% were non-poor. The poverty line was ₦ 9,122. However, the poverty depth index was 0.269 for the respondents, implying that 26% of expenditure is needed to bring the respondents up to the poverty line. The poverty severity for the respondents was 0.1080 implying that the poorest respondents accounted for 10.8% only in the study area. The study, therefore, recommends the need for the establishment of empowerment programmes and skill acquisition centres that will allow diverse income options for rural farming households.

Keywords: food security, poverty level, rural farming households.
COMPLIANCE TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION INFORMATION AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN OYE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Fasuan Y O , Alabi O O , Ajala A O , Adedapo A O , Adelumo I O 
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the Compliance to Agricultural Extension Information among Arable Crop Farmers in Oye Local Government, Ekiti State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were: to describe the socio-economic characteristic of the respondents; assess the level of compliance to agricultural extension information; and to identify the barriers to complied with agricultural extension information among arable crop farmers. A two-stage sampling technique was used to select 108 respondents for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (such as frequency, percentage and mean) and regression model. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 47 years with a household size of 5 persons and a mean monthly income of N179, 833.3. Most of the respondents strongly complied with information from extension agents on plant protection =1.97), nursery care and soil preparation ( =1.82) while the least is harvesting =1.03). The major constraints of farmers compliance to agricultural information was lack of credit facilities ( =2.42), delayed information and lack of infrastructure ( =2.21) while the least was traditional believe ( = 0.96). Linear regression results showed that there was a relationship at P <0.05 between the farmers’ household size (p=0.01), access to extension service (0.00), primary occupation (0.05) and compliance to agricultural information from extension agents. The study concluded that the major constraint faced was lack of credit facilities. It is recommended that both governmental and Non-governmental agency should help to provide agricultural credit facilities in order to increase farmers’ output.

Keyword: agricultural credit, extension services, constraint, credit facilities