bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outer volume suppression in steady state sequences (OVSuSS) for percutaneous interventions
Authors: Rauschenberg Jaane , Krafft Axel J. , Maier Florian , Zamecnik Patrik , Semmler Wolfhard , Bock Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMagnetic resonance‐guided percutaneous interventions with needles require fast pulse sequences with acquisition times less than 1 s to image the needle trajectory within moving organs. To guide the movement of a rigid instrument with high sampling rate, an magnetic resonance imaging method was developed that reduces the acquisition time down to a few hundred milliseconds by restricting the field of view to a small stripe around the instrument trajectory. To maintain the dynamic steady state, saturation pulses for outer volume suppression were inserted into additional repetition time‐intervals. These saturation intervals were combined with three sequence variants: a spoiled gradient echo sequence, an echo‐shifted steady state free precession and a balanced steady state free precession sequence. The magnetization dynamics were analyzed by means of numerical optimized simulations. Results were compared with phantom experiments and an average signal‐to‐suppression‐ratio of 15.5 could be achieved. With a field of view reduction of up to 12.5% an update rate of six images per second could be achieved. Finally, animal experiments demonstrated the fast and reliable needle tip visualization during percutaneous magnetic resonance‐guided interventions with the help of a robotic assistance system. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative magnetization transfer studies of apoptotic cell death
Authors: Bailey Colleen , Desmond Kimberly L. , Czarnota Gregory J. , Stanisz Greg J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMagnetization transfer measurements were performed on samples of acute myeloid leukemia cells at early (36 h postcisplatin treatment) and late (48 h posttreatment) stages of apoptosis. Magnetization transfer ratio was calculated and a two‐pool model was fitted to data at two powers and 16 offset frequencies of saturation pulse. No parameters changed significantly at early stages of apoptosis. At late stages, changes in magnetization transfer ratio were not significant, but quantitative model parameters showed a decrease in macromolecular proton fraction, M0B, and an increase in the T2 relaxation time of free water. Analysis also indicated an increase in the ratio R × M0B/R1A, where R is the exchange rate between free water and macromolecular protons and R1A is the T1 relaxation rate of free water. Changes in the magnetization transfer spectrum were largely attributable to differences in the free water pool and did not occur any earlier than changes in the average T1 relaxation time, T1obs. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal reproducibility of rhesus macaque brain metabolites: A proton MR spectroscopy study at 3 T
Authors: Wu William E. , Kirov Ivan I. , Zhang Ke , Babb James S. , Joo Chan‐Gyu , Ratai Eva‐Maria , González R. Gilberto , Gonen Oded 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNon‐human primates are often used as preclinical model systems for (mostly diffuse or multi‐focal) neurological disorders and their experimental treatment. Due to cost considerations, such studies frequently utilize non‐destructive imaging modalities, MRI and proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS). Cost may explain why the inter‐ and intra‐animal reproducibility of the 1H MRS observed brain metabolites, are not reported. To this end, we performed test‐retest three‐dimensional brain 1H MRS in five healthy rhesus macaques at 3 T. Spectra were acquired from 224 isotropic (0.5 cm)3 = 125 μL voxels, over 28 cm3 (∼35%) of the brain, then individually phased, frequency aligned and summed into a spectrum representative of the entire volume of interest. This dramatically increases the metabolites' signal‐to‐noise ratios, while maintaining the (narrow) voxel linewidth. The results show that the average N‐acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, and myo‐inositol concentrations in the macaque brain are: 7.7 ± 0.5, 7.0 ± 0.5, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 4.0 ± 0.6 mM/g wet weight (mean ± standard deviation). Their inter‐animal coefficients of variation (CV) are 4%, 4%, 6%, and 15%; and the longitudinal (intra‐animal) CVs are lower still: 4%, 5%, 5%, and 4%, much better than the 22%, 33%, 36%, and 45% intra‐voxel CVs, demonstrating the advantage of the approach and its utility for preclinical studies of diffuse neurological diseases in rhesus macaques. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
REPORT of a novel mutation in the PMP22 gene causing an axonal neuropathy
Authors: Gess Burkhard , Jeibmann Astrid , Schirmacher Anja , Kleffner Ilka , Schilling Matthias , Young Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Point mutations in the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene rarely cause the hereditary neuropathies Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), both of which show a demyelinating phenotype. Methods: In this study we characterized a family with an axonal neuropathy. Results: Three family members carried a heterozygous point mutation of the PMP22 gene, resulting in amino acid substitution R159C. Screening of 185 healthy controls did not reveal the R159C allele in any case. Discussion: The novel R159C mutation represents a very rare case of a dominant PMP22 mutation causing an axonal neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Regional fundraising events
Authors: Pitts Robert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper was first presented at the Henry Stewart conference ‘Maximising and Developing Regional and Local Fundraising’ on 16th April, 1997. The paper attempts to establish the value of the regional fundraising event as a product within a broader fundraising mix. It goes on to suggest that once subject to this treatment many of the potential pitfalls in running successful regional events will be recognised and, once recognised, can perhaps be resolved or avoided. In doing this, however, the paper does not attempt to present a magic formula for results, but merely signposts some paths the regional fundraiser and events organiser may wish to explore.
Totally robotic single‐position ‘flip’ arm technique for splenic flexure mobilizations and low anterior resections
Authors: Obias Vincent , Sanchez Caroline , Nam Arthur , Montenegro Grace , Makhoul Rami 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundUsing the da Vinci robot in low anterior resection (LAR) has not been widely adopted due to limited range of motion of the robotic arms and the need to move the robot during operations. Our technique uses all three arms for both the splenic flexure and the pelvis, but with only one docking position.MethodsThe robot is placed to the left of the patient. The camera port is 3 cm to the right of the umbilicus. Arm 1 is placed in the RLQ. Arm 2 is placed midepigastric. Arm 3 is placed in the LLQ. Arm 3 starts off on the left side of the robot, on the same side as Arm 1 aimed cephalad. During mobilization of colon and splenic flexure, Arms 2 and 3 help retract the colon while Arm 1 dissects. Our pelvic dissection begins with Arm 3 “flipped” to the right side of the robot and redocked to the same left sided port aimed caudally. The robot does not need to be repositioned and the patient does not need to be moved. The pelvic dissection can now be done in the standard fashion.ResultsOur early experience includes four patients: two LARs and two left hemicolectomies. Mean operative time = 347 minutes, docking time = 20 minutes, and robotic surgical time = 195 minutes. Two complications occurred: post‐operative ileus and high ostomy output. Mean LOS = 5.ConclusionsThe robotic “flip” arm technique allows the surgeon to fully utilize all the robotic arms in LAR, which is unique versus other techniques. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic data mules for collecting data over sparse sensor fields
Authors: Bhadauria Deepak , Tekdas Onur , Isler Volkan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a robotic system for collecting data from wireless devices dispersed across a large environment. In such applications, deploying a network of stationary wireless sensors may be infeasible because many relay nodes must be deployed to ensure connectivity. Instead, our system utilizes robots that act as data mules and gather the data from wireless sensor network nodes. We address the problem of planning paths of multiple robots so as to collect the data from all sensors in the shortest time. In this new routing problem, which we call the data gathering problem (DGP), the total download time depends on not only the robots' travel time but also the time to download data from a sensor and the number of sensors assigned to the robot. We start with a special case of DGP in which the robots' motion is restricted to a curve that contains the base station at one end. For this version, we present an optimal algorithm. Next, we study the two‐dimensional version and present a constant factor approximation algorithm for DGP on the plane. Finally, we present field experiments in which an autonomous robotic data mule collects data from the nodes of a wireless sensor network deployed over a large field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the early aberration reporting system (EARS) W2 methods to an adaptive threshold method
Authors: Szarka John L. , Gan Linmin , Woodall William H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper we examine some of the methodologies implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) BioSense program. The program uses data from hospitals and public health departments to detect outbreaks using the Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS). The EARS method W2 allows one to monitor syndrome counts (W2count) from each source and the proportion of counts of a particular syndrome relative to the total number of visits (W2rate). We investigate the performance of these methods, which are designed using an empiric recurrence interval (RI), with simulated parametric data. Counts from the Poisson and negative binomial distributions are generated, and used to examine W2 properties. An adaptive threshold monitoring method is introduced based on fitting sample data to the above distributions, then converting the current value to a Z‐score through a p‐value. We compare the thresholds required to obtain given values of the RI for different sets of parameter values. We then simulate 1‐week outbreaks in our data and calculate the proportion of times these methods correctly signal an outbreak using Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) charts. Our results indicate that the adaptive threshold method gives more consistent statistical performance across different parameter sets and amounts of baseline historical data used for computing the statistics. For the sensitivity analysis, the EWMA chart is superior to its Shewhart counterpart in nearly all cases and the adaptive threshold methods tend to outperform the W2 methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das gerichtete Aufwachsen von Kupfer(I)‐oxyd auf Kupfer‐Einkristallkugein
Authors: Menzel Erich 
Published: February 2011

AbstractUntersuchungen über die Orientierung von Cu3O‐Schichten auf Cu‐Einkristallkugeln sollten einen Beitrag zum physikalischen und chemischen Geschehen auf Kristalloberflächen liefern.1. Nach dem Schrifttum wurden bisher nur Einkristalle mit angeschliffenen rationalen Flächen oder solche von unregelmäβiger Gestalt oxydiert; die Ergebnisse widersprechen einander. Es interessiert aber das Verhalten aller Flächen des Kupfergitters. Deshalb erhielten die zu oxydierenden Einkristalle Kugelform; sie weisen nun an ihrer Oberfläche alle denkbaren Netzebenen auf, ohne ungerechtfertigt solche von niederer Indizierung zu bevorzugen (§ 1 u. 2).2. Zur Ermittlung der Orientierung des Cu2O dienten optische Beobachtungen an den geätzten Oberflächen sowie Röntgenmethoden (§ 3 Nr. 1 u. 2). Hierbei ergaben sich Regeln darüber, welche Reflexe aus massiven Oberflächen nicht ins Freie gelangen, also aus geometrischen Gründen verboten sind (§ 3 Nr. 3).3. Die Orientierung des an Luft entstandenen Cu2O auf geätztem Cu hängt gesetzmäβig von der Lage der dargebotenen Kupferoberfläche im Kristallgebäude und der Art ihrer Ätzung ab. In scharf begrenzten Bereichen der Einkristallkugel erscheint parallele Orientierung der beiden kubischen Gitter. In den anderen stimmt, soweit bisher beobachtet, zwar stets die Lage der am dichtesten mit Metallatomen besetzten Ketten [110] überein, doch ist das Cu2O‐Gitter um bestimmte Winkel in der dadurch gekennzeichneten Zone gegen das Cu‐Gitter gedreht (§ 4 u. 5). Unter besonderen Bedingungen bilden sich auch polykristalline Schichten (§ 2).4. Ein Kupferoxydul‐Gleichrichter auf polykristallinem Metall wird also verschiedene Verknüpfungen von Mutterkupfer und Cu2O nebeneinander enthalten. Da zudem Experiment und Quantentheorie der Metallelektronik auf Richtungsabhängigkeit der Austrittsarbeit hinweisen, ist damit zu rechnen, daβ streng definierte und einheitliche Bedingungen für den Übertritt der Elektronen durch die Grenze Metall‐Halbleiter nur da bestehen, wo eine ebene Grenzfläche eines Einkristalls nach einheitlicher chemischer Vorbehandlung oxydiert wurde.5. Es wurden Verformungen der aufgewachsenen Cu2O‐Kristallite beobachtet (§ 4).6. Häufig sprang das Cu2O von der Unterlage ab. Das Mutterkupfer zeigte an diesen Stellen nach kurzer KCN‐Behandlung herausmodellierte Oktaeder‐Flächen; das sind die Flächen dichtester Besetzung für die Kupfer‐Atome beider Gitter (§ 6).
Komplexverbindungen und Salze der Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure. III. Mitteilung
Authors: Brintzenger H. , Munkelt S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure bildet mit Lithium‐, Beryllium‐, Yttrium‐ und Cadmium‐ionen Salze, und zwar Li4(N2C10H12O8), 4 H2O, BeH2(N2C10H12O8),3 1/2 H2O, Be2(N2C10H12O8), 4 1/2 H2O, Y4(N2C10H12O8)3, 24 H2O und Cd2(N2C10H12O8), 4 H2O.Während Magnesium‐, Calcium‐, Strontium‐ und Barium‐ionen mit Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure Komplexverbindungen liefern, tritt Komplex‐bildung mit Berylliumion nicht mehr ein. Auch Yttriumion vermag nur ein Salz mit Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure zu bilden. Überraschend ist, daβ das Cadmium‐ion offensichtlich nur sehr schwach komplex an die Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure gebunden wird; auf Grund des chemischen Verhaltens muβ also auf das Vorliegen des Dicadmiumsalzes der Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure geschlossen werden. Etwas stärker komplex wird das Zinkion an die Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure gebunden; wir haben daher die Zinkverbindung folgendermaβen formuliert: Zn[Zn(N2C10H12O8)]. Die Cadmium‐ und die Zinkverbindung bilden anscheinend eine Art Übergang von den ausgesprochenen Salzen zu den ausgesprochenen Komplexverbindungen der Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure. Ähnlich wie das Zink‐ion verhält sich das Mangan(II)ion zur Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure, es bildet die VerbindungQuecksilber‐ und Wismut‐ionen bilden die komplexen Säuren: H2[Hg(N2C10H12O8)], H2O bzw. H[Bi(N2C10H12O8)]. Mit Barium‐ und Strontiumionen wurden sowohl die komplexe Barium‐ und Strontium‐äthylendiamintetraessigsäure als auch deren Barium‐ bzw. Strontiumsalz erha ten:deren Kaliumsalze schon von P. Pfeiffer und H. Simons2) dargestellt worden waren.
Die Antimonat‐, Antimonit‐, Germanat‐ und Aluminat‐lonen im gelösten Zustand
Authors: Brintzinger H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Ionengewichte der in alkalischen Lösungen vorliegenden Antimonat‐, Antimonit‐, Germanat‐ und Aluminat‐Ionen wurden mit der Dialysenmethode bestimmt. Für das Antimonat‐Ion ergab sich in Übereinstimmung mit früheren von uns durchgeführten Messungen, sowie mit der von L. P. Hammet am ausgefällten Natriumantimonat ausgeführten Untersuchung und der Theorie von L. Pauling die Formulierung [Sb(OH)6]1‐, während dem Antimonit‐Ion die Formel [Sb(OH)4]1‐ und dem Germanat‐Ion die Formel [Ge(OH)6]2‐ zukommt. Das Aluminat‐Ion muβ ei zweikerniges komplexes Hydroxo‐aluminat‐Ion sein; die Ionengewichtsbestimmung weist auf eine der beiden Formulierungen oder II hin:
Zur rationellen Darstellung metallorganischer Basen IV: Gewinnung von Triphenylzinnchlorid und Triphenylzinnhydroxyd aus Tetraphenylzlnn. Darstellung von Triphenylzinnhydroxyd aus Hexaphenyldistannan
Authors: Bähr G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTriphenylzinnchlorid lieβ sich in guter Ausbeute aus Zinntetraphenyl und Chlorwasserstoff herstellen; dieses Chlorid wurde mit alkoholischer KOH zu Triphenylzinnhydroxyd umgesetzt.Als weitere Darstellungsmethode für Triphenylzinnhydroxyd wird die Oxydation von Hexaphenyldistannan mit KMnO4 angegeben, die quantitativ verläuft.
Über anorganische Verbindungen des Stickoxyds. VIII: Über ein Nitroprussiat des Molybdäns
Authors: Hieber W. , Nast R. , Gehring G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie seit langem bekannte Reaktion zwischen Molybdat, Kaliumcyanid und Hydroxylamin führt zu einem Nitroprussiat des Molybdäns der Zusammensetzung K4[Mo(CN)5NO] 2 H2O, dessen Bildung sich auf die kürzlich beschriebene Disproportionierung des Hydroxylamins zurückführen läβt. Die frühere Auffassung der blauvioletten Verbindung als MoO2 4 KCN NH2OH H2O konnte besonders durch eine neue Cyanbestimmungsmethode, die gleichzeitig die neue Formulierung als Nitroprussiat bestätigt, widerlegt werden. Das Kalium‐Nitrosylpentacyanomolybdat wird ferner durch Umsetzungen mit Oxydationsmitteln näher charakterisiert und hierbei auch sein Stickoxydgehalt ermittelt.Das Molybdän befindet sich in diesem Komplex im gleichen Bindungszustand wie im Mo(CO)6 und es wird durch die Existenz dieser Verbindung grundsätzlich bewiesen, daβ auch die Übergangsmetalle der 6. Gruppe des periodischen Systems “edelgasartige” Nitroprussiationen bilden.Auf strukturelle Analogien und eventuelle Unterschiede gegenüber den Nitroprussiaten der 7. und 8. Gruppe des periodischen Systems wird hingewiesen.
Synthesis and Characterization of Corn Oil Polyhydroxy Fatty Acids Designed as Additive Agent for Many Applications
Authors: Harry‐O'kuru R. E. , Mohamed A. , Xu J. , Sharma B. K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBefore the advent of the modern food industry, vegetable oils (triglycerides) from many sources had a long history of use as condiments in cooking, personal care, and other therapeutic applications. Industrial applications of vegetable oils outside of food usage, on the other hand, have been limited on account of the shorter shelf‐life durability of these oils resulting from the natural unsaturation (carbon–carbon double bonds) in the structure of most triglycerides. In seeking to explore expanded utilization of this renewable resource, we have eliminated the above weakness by chemically modifying the double bonds in the material in an attempt to stabilize the oil. We have used FT‐IR and NMR spectroscopy to characterize the derivative whereas the physical and chemical properties of the product in terms of stability and flow characteristics have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), pressure DSC, rheometry and thermogravimetric analysis. In this modification of corn oil the data obtained indicate that the resulting poly‐hydroxylated acids are more stable than the native corn oil. Additionally, the obtained properties are unique and such that this product will be amenable to use in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industrial uses especially as a lubricity enhancing additive in fuel applications.
Performance of Nanofiltration Membranes for Solvent Purification in the Oil Industry
Authors: Darvishmanesh Siavash , Robberecht Thomas , Luis Patricia , Degrève Jan , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe extraction stage of edible oil in the oil industry is commonly performed by using toxic solvents (e.g. hexane) and processes with high energy consumption (e.g. distillation, evaporation) to recover the solvent, which represents around 70–75 wt% in the oil–solvent mixture. In this paper, a membrane‐based extraction method using nanofiltration (NF) membranes is presented. Commercial nanofiltration membranes made of different polymers (Desal‐DK‐polyamide NF from GE‐osmonics®, NF30 polyethersulfone NF from Nadir®, STARMEMTM122 polyimide from MET® and SOLSEP NF030306 silicone base polymer SOLESP®) were selected and tested to recover the solvent from soybean oil/solvent (10–20–30% w/w oil) mixtures at various separation pressures and constant temperature in a dead‐end filtration set up. The selection of the solvent was made in order to compare solvents obtainable from renewable resources, such as ethanol, iso‐propanol and acetone, with solvents traditionally used in the industry (i.e. cyclohexane and n‐hexane). The structural stability of the membranes towards the different solvents used in this work was verified visually, by the variation of the membrane area and by means of permeate flux assessments. Desal‐DK and NF30 showed poor filtration performance and even visible defects after exposure to acetone but a good performance was obtained for the nanofiltration membranes STARMEMTM122 and SOLSEP NF030306 with ethanol, iso‐propanol and acetone. For example, considering a mixture with 30% edible oil in acetone, STARMEMTM122 shows a flux and oil rejection of 16.8 L m−2 h and 70%, respectively. For the same conditions, SOLSEP NF030306 exhibited a flux of 4.8 L m−2 h with 78% rejection, which shows the potential application of nanofiltration membranes in the oil industry.
Locally advanced female urethral adenocarcinoma of enteric origin: The role of adjuvant chemoradiation and brief review
Authors: Chen Ling‐Ping , Lin Shyh‐Jer , Fu Ting‐Ying , Yu Ming‐Sun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPrimary female urethral adenocarcinoma (FUA) is rare and has a poor prognosis. The common manifestations include urethrorrhagia, urinary frequency, dysuria, urethral obstructions, focal tenderness, and urinary tract infection. These symptoms are neither diagnostic nor pathognomonic; therefore, a delay in diagnosis and even a misdiagnosis is hardly uncommon. The histogenesis of FUAs may have derived from urethritis glandularis, Mullerian ducts, Skene's glands, or mixed origins. Tumors of different embryologic origins displayed heterogeneous pathological morphology and immunohistochemistical phenotypes. Because of its rarity and the lack of large‐scale studies, there is no current consensus on the optimal treatment of urethral adenocarcinomas. Here, we report two cases of locally advanced FUA of enteric origin. They manifested as slightest warning symptoms of urinary tract infection and stress urinary incontinence, respectively. One patient died of disease progression 2 months after curative operation. The other patient underwent surgery followed by adjuvant irinotecan‐containing chemoradiation, and the effect was at least modest. Hence, we recommend adjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced FUA. Individualizing cancer care of chemoregimens in accordance with the tumor origins may probably be beneficial in FUAs.
Colonic necrosis in a young patient receiving oral kayexalate in sorbitol: Case report and literature review
Authors: Chou Yueh‐Hung , Wang Hsin‐Yi , Hsieh Min‐Shu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) is a cation‐exchange resin used to treat patients with hyperkalemia. Concomitant administration of kayexalate and sorbitol may induce gastrointestinal injury, which is potentially lethal. However, this well‐documented complication is often underrecognized both clinically and pathologically. We propose a typical case along with colonoscopic photos and microscopic pictures. Additionally, we also present a review of the literature on this rare drug‐induced side effect.