bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information search and mental representation in risky decision making: The advantages first principle
Authors: Huber Oswald , Huber Odilo W. , Bär Arlette S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn three experiments the problem is investigated how people identify early in the decision process those alternatives that are worthwhile to be examined in more detail. We assume that decision makers employ the Advantages first Principle: They first search for information about positive outcomes and then focus their information search (e.g., for negative consequences or for risk defusing operators) on those alternatives that appear attractive after this initial evaluation. In Experiment 1 (120 participants), initial information about consequences was varied for eight alternatives (no information, positive consequences, negative, or mixed for four alternatives). In all conditions, the great majority of participants followed both aspects of the Advantages first Principle. In Experiment 2, 60 participants decided in two quasi‐realistic scenarios with two alternatives each. Initial information was presented so that one alternative had better positive consequences, worse negative consequences, or both. In all conditions, more information was searched for in the initially better alternative. In Experiment 3 (20 participants) the Advantages first Principle was not only confirmed for a scenario but also for choices in traditional gambling tasks with two and eight alternatives, respectively. Participants could win or lose real money. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radio frequency magnetic field effects on molecular dynamics and iron uptake in cage proteins
Authors: Céspedes Oscar , Inomoto Osamu , Kai Shoichi , Nibu Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Toshio , Sakamoto Nobuyoshi , Akune Tadahiro , Inoue Masayoshi , Kiss Takanobu , Ueno Shoogo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe protein ferritin has a natural ferrihydrite nanoparticle that is superparamagnetic at room temperature. For native horse spleen ferritin, we measure the low field magnetic susceptibility of the nanoparticle as 2.2 × 10−6 m3 kg−1 and its Néel relaxation time at about 10−10 s. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles increase their internal energy when exposed to radio frequency magnetic fields due to the lag between magnetization and applied field. The energy is dissipated to the surrounding peptidic cage, altering the molecular dynamics and functioning of the protein. This leads to an increased population of low energy vibrational states under a magnetic field of 30 µT at 1 MHz, as measured via Raman spectroscopy. After 2 h of exposure, the proteins have a reduced iron intake rate of about 20%. Our results open a new path for the study of non‐thermal bioeffects of radio frequency magnetic fields at the molecular scale. Bioelectromagnetics 31:311–317, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese herbal medicines by microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with dispersive‐solid phase extraction and gas chromatography
Authors: Wan Yi‐Qun , Mao Xue‐Jin , Yan Ai‐Ping , Shen Ming‐Yue , Wu Yu‐Mei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA reliable, rapid and nontoxic analytical method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of 16 organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese herbal medicines. The pesticides were extracted by ethanol and the experimental variables, such as temperature, extraction time and volume of ethanol, were optimized through orthogonal array experimental design. Cleanup of extracts was performed with dispersive‐solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine as the sorbent. The determination of pesticides in the final extracts was carried out by gas chromatography–flame photometric detection. Under optimized conditions the obtained recoveries, except for isocarbophos, were in the range 73.8–123%, with relative standard deviations equal to or lower than 15.2% and limits of detection ranging from 0.001 to 0.009 mg/kg. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and Characterization of a Peptidic Ligand for Ras
Authors: Gareiss Peter C. , Schneekloth Ashley R. , Salcius Michael J. , Seo Seung‐Yong , Crews Craig M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe development of new ligands for the oncoprotein Ras can provide tools for the study of this important signaling component or potentially serve as therapeutic agents for the treatment of Ras‐associated diseases. Herein, we report a peptidic Ras ligand identified through naïve phage display. Panning a phage library with a diversity of 109 transormants successfully identified a peptide dodecamer that contains two internal consensus motifs and binds Ras in both the active GTP‐ and inactive GDP‐bound conformations with low micromolar dissociation constants. The dodecamer does not alter the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras, does not compete for Ras binding to the Ras binding domain of Raf, and does not alter cell viability. This novel Ras ligand has the potential to serve in the development of higher‐affinity ligands and chemical tools targeting Ras.
Domino Rhodium/Palladium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation Reactions of Alcohols to Acids by Hydrogen Transfer to Inactivated Alkenes
Authors: Trincado Mónica , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Vizza Francesco , Bianchini Claudio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe combination of the d8 RhI diolefin amide [Rh(trop2N)(PPh3)] (trop2N=bis(5‐H‐dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐yl)amide) and a palladium heterogeneous catalyst results in the formation of a superior catalyst system for the dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols. The overall process represents a mild and direct method for the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids for which inactivated olefins can be used as hydrogen acceptors. Allyl alcohols are also applicable to this coupling reaction and provide the corresponding saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids. This transformation has been found to be very efficient in the presence of silica‐supported palladium nanoparticles. The dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol by the rhodium amide, [Rh]N, follows the well established mechanism of metal–ligand bifunctional catalysis. The resulting amino hydride complex, [RhH]NH, transfers a H2 molecule to the Pd nanoparticles, which, in turn, deliver hydrogen to the inactivated alkene. Thus a domino catalytic reaction is developed which promotes the reaction R‐CH2‐OH+NaOH+2 alkene→R‐COONa+2 alkane.
Asymmetric microtubule arrays organize the endoplasmic reticulum during polarity establishment in the brown alga Silvetia compressa
Authors: Peters Nick T. , Kropf Darryl L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolarity is a fundamental characteristic of most cell types, and is crucial to early development of the brown alga Silvetia compressa. In eukaryotes the cytoskeleton plays an important role in generating cellular asymmetries. While it is known that F‐actin is required for polarization and growth in most tip‐growing cells, the roles of microtubules are less clear. We examined the distribution and function of microtubules in S. compressa zygotes as they polarized and initiated tip growth. Microtubules formed asymmetric arrays oriented toward the rhizoid hemisphere early in the polarization process. These arrays were spatially coupled with polar adhesive deposition, a marker of the rhizoid pole. Reorientation of the light vector during polarization led to sequential redistribution of polar axis components, with the microtubules and the polar axis reorienting nearly simultaneously, followed by cell wall loosening and then deposition of new polar adhesive. These findings suggested that microtubules may organize and target endomembrane arrays. We therefore examined the distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum during polarization and found it colocalized with microtubules and became targeted toward the rhizoid pole as microtubule asymmetry was generated. Endoplasmic reticulum association with microtubules remained fully intact following pharmacological disruption of F‐actin, whereas microtubule disruption led to aggregation of the endoplasmic reticulum around the nucleus. We propose that brown algae utilize microtubules for organization of the endoplasmic reticulum and migration of exocytotic components to the rhizoid cortex, and present a model for polarity establishment to account for these new findings. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase 2 study of irinotecan and paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or refractory small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ramalingam Suresh S. , Foster Judy , Gooding William , Evans Terry , Sulecki Matthew , Belani Chandra P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who develop disease progression with standard cisplatin‐based therapy are reported to have a poor overall prognosis. Irinotecan and paclitaxel are active as single agents and exhibit preclinical synergy in SCLC cell lines. A phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate this combination in patients with recurrent or refractory SCLC.METHODS:Patients with SCLC who progressed with 1 prior chemotherapy regimen and had measurable disease present; an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 0 to 2; and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function were included in the study. Paclitaxel (at a dose of 75 mg/m2) and irinotecan (at a dose of 50 mg/m2) were administered intravenously on Days 1 and 8 of each 3‐week treatment cycle. Therapy was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The target response rate of interest was ≥30%.RESULTS:A total of 55 patients were enrolled, 51 of whom received at least 1 dose of therapy. The majority of the patients had an ECOG PS of 0 or 1 (96%). A median of 3 cycles of treatment was administered, and 15 patients received ≥6 cycles. Seventeen patients experienced toxicity of grade 3 or higher (neutropenia in 8 patients and fatigue in 5 patients). The overall response rate was 21%. The median survival was 25.4 weeks, and the 1‐year survival rate was 22%.CONCLUSIONS:The regimen of irinotecan and paclitaxel was found to be tolerated well in patients with recurrent or refractory SCLC. Although modest anticancer activity was noted, the efficacy failed to meet the primary endpoint of interest. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Tumor suppressor XIAP‐Associated factor 1 (XAF1) cooperates with tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand to suppress colon cancer growth and trigger tumor regression
Authors: Tu Shui Ping , Sun Yun Wei , Cui Jian Tao , Zou Bing , Lin Marie C. M. , Gu Qing , Jiang Shi Hu , Kung Hsiang Fu , Korneluk Robert G. , Wong Benjamin C. Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:XIAP‐associated factor 1 (XAF1) antagonizes the anticaspase activity of XIAP (X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis) and functions as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. The tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known as a potential anticancer agent. In this study, the synergistic effect of XAF1 and TRAIL on colon cancer growth was investigated.METHODS:Adeno‐XAF1 virus was generated and purified. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow‐cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling assay. Protein expression of the different genes was determined by Western blot analysis. Tumorigenesis and tumor growth were assessed in subcutaneous nude mouse xenograft experiments.RESULTS:Stable overexpression of XAF1‐sensitized colon cancer cells to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis significantly increased the activity of caspase 3, 7, 8, and 9; released cytochrome c; and down‐regulated XIAP, survivin, and c‐IAP‐2. The restoration of XAF1 expression mediated by adenovirus (adeno‐XAF1) directly induced apoptosis, and synergized TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Ex vivo transduction of adeno‐XAF1 suppressed colon cancer formation in vivo. Furthermore, adeno‐XAF1 treatment of mice significantly inhibited tumor growth, strongly enhanced TRAIL‐induced apoptosis and antitumor activity in colon cancer xenograft models in vivo, and markedly prolonged the survival. Notably, the combined treatment with adeno‐XAF1 and TRAIL completely eradicated the established tumors without detectable toxicity in normal tissue.CONCLUSIONS:The combined restoration of XAF1 expression and TRAIL treatment may be a potent strategy for colon cancer therapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Role of medicines in malaria control and elimination
Authors: Warsame Marian , Olumese Peter , Mendis Kamini 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAntimalarial medicines constitute important tools to cure and prevent malaria infections, thereby averting death and disability; their role in reducing the transmission of malaria is becoming increasingly important. Effective medicines that are currently available include artemisinin‐based combination therapies (ACTs) for uncomplicated malaria, parenteral and rectal formulations of artemisinin derivatives and quinine injectables for severe malaria, and primaquine as an anti‐relapse agent. These medicines are not optimal, however, owing to safety considerations in specific risk groups, complex regimens, and less than optimal formulations. The efficacy of antimalarial medicines including currently used ACTs is threatened by parasite resistance. Resistance to artemisinins has recently been identified at the Cambodia–Thailand border. Intermittent preventive treatment is constrained by the lack of a replacement for sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine. Despite increasing financial support to procure medicines, access to medicines by populations at risk of malaria, particularly in African countries, remains poor. This is largely due to weak health systems that are unable to deliver quality diagnostics and medicines through an efficient supply chain system, close at hand to the sick patient, especially in remote rural areas. Health systems are also challenged by incorrect prescribing practices in the informal and often unregulated private sector (an important provider of medicines for malaria) and the proliferation of counterfeit and substandard medicines. The provision of a more equitable access to life‐saving medicines requires no less than a steady drug development pipeline for new medicines tailored to meet the challenging conditions in endemic countries, ideally single dose, highly effective against both disease and relapse‐causing parasites and infective forms, extremely safe and with a long shelf life, and made available at affordable prices. Drug Dev Res 71: 4–11, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutral effects of the novel analgesic tapentadol on cardiac repolarization due to mixed ion channel inhibitory activities
Authors: Schneider J. , Jahnel U. , Linz K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTapentadol is a novel analgesic with µ‐opioid receptor agonistic and norepinephrine reuptake inhibiting activities at submicromolar concentrations. Given that inhibition of cardiac potassium currents by noncardiovascular pharmaceuticals is a critical issue in drug development, the potential effects of tapentadol on myocardial repolarization were evaluated. Tapentadol concentration‐dependently inhibited hERG‐related currents in CHO cells with 250 and 750 times lower potency than haloperidol and sertindole. In electrically stimulated guinea pig papillary muscles, tapentadol at 10 and 100 µM shortened the action potential duration at 30% of repolarization (APD30) and APD90. Maximum effects (100 µM) were more pronounced on APD30than on APD90. In contrast, the hERG inhibitor,d,l‐sotalol concentration‐dependently (1–100 nM) prolonged APD90without affecting APD30. In isolated, perfused, spontaneously beating guinea pig hearts, volume‐conducted ECGs revealed that tapentadol reduced heart rate (HR) and prolonged uncorrected QT time, but did not affect HR‐corrected QTc time. The hERG inhibitor, dofetilide (0.01 and 0.1 µM) reduced HR and prolonged QT and QTc time. PR time was prolonged by tapentadol but not by dofetilide. Intravenous infusion of tapentadol (3, 6, 9mg/kg) in conscious dogs led to suprapharmacological plasma concentrations of up to 12 µM (2,531 ng/ml). QT time decreased in tapentadol‐treated dogs in parallel to an increase in HR, whereas HR‐corrected QTc time was not affected. In conclusion, the in vitro effects of tapentadol suggest mixed ion channel activities on potassium, calcium, and sodium channels at supra‐pharmacological concentrations. These activities may be neutralizing, resulting in lack of a net effect of tapentadol on cardiac repolarization. Drug Dev Res 1–12, 2010  © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing quality of diabetes care and its variation in Aboriginal community health centres in Australia
Authors: Si Damin , Bailie Ross , Dowden Michelle , Kennedy Catherine , Cox Rhonda , O'Donoghue Lynette , Liddle Helen , Kwedza Ru , Connors Christine , Thompson Sandra , Burke Hugh , Brown Alex , Weeramanthri Tarun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundExamining variation in diabetes care across regions/organizations provides insight into underlying factors related to quality of care. The aims of this study were to assess quality of diabetes care and its variation among Aboriginal community health centres in Australia, and to estimate partitioning of variation attributable to health centre and individual patient characteristics.MethodsDuring 2005–2009, clinical medical audits were conducted in 62 Aboriginal community health centres from four states/territories. Main outcome measures include adherence to guidelines‐scheduled processes of diabetes care, treatment and medication adjustment, and control of HbA1c, blood pressure, total cholesterol and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR).ResultsWide variation was observed across different categories of diabetes care measures and across centres: (1) overall adherence to delivery of services averaged 57% (range 22–83% across centres); (2) medication adjustment rates after elevated HbA1c: 26% (0–72%); and (3) proportions of patients with HbA$_{\rm {1c}} < 7\%:27\%$ (0–55%); with blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg: 36%(0–59%). Health centre level characteristics accounted for 36% of the total variation in adherence to process measures, and 3–11% of the total variation in patient intermediate outcomes; the remaining, substantial amount of variation in each measure was attributable to patient level characteristics.ConclusionsDeficiencies in a range of quality of care measures provide multiple opportunities for improvement. The majority of variation in quality of diabetes care appears to be attributable to patient level characteristics. Further understanding of factors affecting variation in the care of individuals should assist clinicians, managers and policy makers to develop strategies to improve quality of diabetes care in Aboriginal communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Oxide‐Centered Trinuclear Manganese(III) Compound with a Bulky Phenol‐Pyrazolate Ligand
Authors: Viciano‐Chumillas Marta , Tanase Stefania , Roubeau Olivier , Teat Simon J. , de Jongh L. Jos , Reedijk Jan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new oxide‐centered trinuclear manganese(III) compound with the formula [Mn3(μ3‐O)(naphpz)3(O2CMe)(MeOH)2]n (1) {H2naphpz = 2‐[1H‐pyrazol‐5(3)‐yl]naphthalen‐1‐ol} has been synthesized and characterized. Three bulky doubly deprotonated phenol‐pyrazole ligands are coordinated to the three manganese(III) ions with a μ3‐oxide bridge in the same plane. Methanol and acetate ligands are at the apical positions of the manganese(III) ions. The trinuclear units are bridged by acetate ligands in the anti‐anti mode, leading to the formation of 1‐D chains. Temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility studies indicate the presence of overall antiferromagnetic interactions with magnetic exchange constants of J1 ≈ –1.9 and J2 ≈ –5.5 cm–1 and g = 1.91. Weak antiferromagnetic interactions (zJ′ = –0.37 cm–1) between the trinuclear units in the 1‐D chain (and between the chains) in compound 1 are present.
Rapid and General Protocol towards Catalyst‐Free Friedel–Crafts C‐Alkylation of Indoles in Water Assisted by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: De Rosa Margherita , Soriente Annunziata 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn efficient and simplified protocol for uncatalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles using microwave irradiation in water is described. A series of functionalized indole derivatives has been synthesized in very short times with moderate to good yields. The combination of microwave irradiation and superheated water offers significant advantages over conventional methods, such as higher selectivities, simplicity, shorter reaction times, and no need for a catalyst.
An improvement to linear‐elastic procedures for seismic performance assessment
Authors: Günay Mehmet Selim , Sucuoğlu Halûk 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn improved linear‐elastic analysis procedure is developed in this paper as a simple approximate method for displacement‐based seismic assessment of the existing buildings. The procedure is mainly based on reducing the stiffness of structural members that are expected to respond in the inelastic range in a single global iteration step. Modal spectral displacement demands are determined from the equal displacement rule. Response predictions obtained from the proposed procedure are evaluated comparatively by using the results of benchmark nonlinear response history analysis, and both the conventional and the multi‐mode pushover analyses. In comparative evaluations, a twelve‐story RC plane frame and a six‐story unsymmetrical‐plan RC frame are employed by using 91 ground motion components. It is observed that the proposed procedure estimates the flexural deformation demands in deformation‐controlled members and the shear forces in force‐controlled members with reasonable accuracy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire effluent component yields from room‐scale fire tests
Authors: Gann Richard G. , Averill Jason D. , Johnsson Erik L. , Nyden Marc R. , Peacock Richard D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEstimation of the time available for escape (ASET) in the event of a fire is a principal component in fire hazard or risk assessment. Valid data on the yields of toxic smoke components from bench‐scale apparatus is essential to accurate ASET calculations. This paper presents a methodology for obtaining pre‐flashover and post‐flashover toxicant yields from room‐scale fire tests. The data are to be used for comparison with bench‐scale data for the same combustibles: a sofa, bookcases, and electric power cable. Each was burned in a room with a long adjacent corridor. The yields of CO2, CO, HCl, HCN, and soot were determined. Other toxicants (NO2, formaldehyde, and acrolein), whose concentrations were below the detection limits, were of limited importance relative to the detected toxicants. The uncertainty values were comparable to those estimated for calculations used to determine ASET and were sufficiently small to determine whether a bench‐scale apparatus is producing results that are similar to the real‐scale results here. The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was useful for obtaining toxicant concentration data; however, its operation and interpretation are not routine. The losses of CO, HCN, and HCl along the corridor were dependent on the combustible. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.