bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From mesial temporal lobe to temporoperisylvian seizures: A quantified study of temporal lobe seizure networks
Authors: Bartolomei Fabrice , Cosandier‐Rimele Delphine , McGonigal Aileen , Aubert Sandrine , Régis Jean , Gavaret Martine , Wendling Fabrice , Chauvel Patrick 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The determination of epileptogenic structures in partial epilepsy is crucial in the context of epilepsy surgery. In this study we have quantified the “epileptogenicity” of mesial temporal lobe structures (M), lateral neocortical regions (L), and extratemporal perisylvian structures (ET) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), in order to classify the brain networks involved in seizure generation.Methods:  Thirty‐four patients having TLE investigated by intracerebral recordings using stereotactic electroencephalography (EEG) (SEEG) were selected. Epileptogenicity of M, L, and ET structures was quantified according to the “epileptogenicity index” (EI), a new way to quantify rapid discharges at seizure onset, ranging from 0 (no epileptogenicity) to 1 (maximal epileptogenicity).Results:  Automatic clustering using EI values from M, L, and ET separated patients into four classes: mesial group (max EI in M), lateral group (max EI in L), mesiolateral group (high EI in both M and L) and temporoperisylvian group (TPS) (high values in ET). The median number of highly epileptogenic structures (defined by EI >0.3) was four, a result confirming that most TLE is organized as “epileptogenic networks.” We found that the duration of epilepsy was correlated with the number of epileptogenic structures and that surgical prognosis was also related to the extent of the epileptogenicity in the brain.Conclusions:  Several distinct epileptogenic networks are involved in seizure generation in TLE. Findings advocate for a progressive recruitment of epileptogenic structures in human brain with time.
Molecular basis of the JAHK (RH53) antigen
Authors: Scharberg Erwin A. , Green Carole , Daniels Geoff , Richter Ekkehard , Klüter Harald , Bugert Peter 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: The JAHK antigen was first described in 1995 as a low‐frequency red blood cell antigen. Family studies confirmed the association of the antigen with the rare rG phenotype of the Rh blood group system, which is associated with weak expression of C and e, but normal G expression. JAHK was allocated the Rh number RH53. The serologic findings indicated the location of the antigen on the RhCE protein, although the molecular basis for JAHK has not been known.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The RHCE gene of eight persons from three unrelated families was analyzed by exon amplification and direct sequencing. Four of the samples were JAHK+ the remaining four were JAHK–. In one JAHK+ sample, the entire RHCE gene was sequenced. The remaining samples were sequenced for exons 1 to 3. A polymerase chain reaction procedure with sequence specific primers was developed for the specific detection of the JAHK allele.RESULTS: Analysis of the entire RHCE gene of one JAHK+ sample showed the expected CcEe‐specific nucleotide sequences and revealed an additional nucleotide change (365C>T) in exon 3. This change represented a missense mutation, which led to an amino acid substitution from serine to leucine at position 122 of the RhCE protein. Three JAHK+ samples from two other unrelated families showed the 365C>T mutation and confirmed the association of the Ser122Leu substitution with the JAHK+ phenotype.CONCLUSION: The molecular basis of the JAHK antigen (RH53) is defined by a 365C>T mutation in exon 3 of the RHCE gene leading to the amino acid substitution Ser122Leu. Because the position 122 is predicted to be located in the transmembrane region adjacent to the second loop, the substitution of the neutral serine by the hydrophobic leucine seems to be the cause of the JAHK antigen by a conformational change of the RhCE protein. This structural change may also cause the weakened expression of the C and e antigens observed in JAHK+ individuals. Based on our results it is concluded that the JAHK‐specific mutation is associated with a dCe haplotype.
Evaluation of pooled cultures for bacterial detection in whole blood–derived platelets
Authors: Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , Goldman Mindy 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: The BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux) system is highly efficient for bacterial detection in apheresis platelets (PLTs) and whole blood–derived PLTs produced by the buffy‐coat method. Detection of bacterial contamination in whole blood–derived PLTs produced by the PLT‐rich plasma (PRP) method, however, is problematic. Prestorage pooling of these PLTs is not permitted in some countries including Canada and the United States, and culturing individual units is costly and may significantly reduce the PLT unit content. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of BacT/ALERT cultures performed on pools derived from PRP PLTs are reported.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The sensitivity of the BacT/ALERT system was evaluated for bacterial detection in PRP PLTs with a dilution effect. Thirty PLT pools were produced with 1 PLT unit previously spiked with bacteria and then pooled with other four nonspiked PLT units. Three bacteria, usually associated with PLT contamination, were selected for spiking. The specificity of this method was evaluated in 40 nonspiked PLT pools.RESULTS: The method was found to be 100 percent specific and 97 percent sensitive. Of the five spiked pools with Streptococcus pneumoniae at levels of less than 2 colony‐forming units (CFUs) per mL, four were found to be positive whereas all 25 spiked pools with greater than 9 CFUs per mL of any of the chosen bacteria gave positive results. The mean time of detection was 17 to 19 hours for Staphylococcus epidermidis and 14 to 15 hours for S. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when spiked with similar bacterial inocula.CONCLUSION: The evaluated system is highly sensitive and specific and may be a feasible method for bacterial detection in PRP PLTs.
Extracellular potassium concentrations in red blood cell suspensions after irradiation and washing
Authors: Weiskopf Richard B. , Schnapp Stephanie , Rouine‐Rapp Kathryn , Bostrom Alan , Toy Pearl 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Extracellular potassium concentration [K+e] increases with duration of red blood cell storage. Sometimes red blood cells (RBC) are washed before transfusion to infants to reduce [K+e] of these components. AABB standards permit storage of washed RBCs at 4°C for 24 hours. The [K+e] of washed RBCs during storage is not known. Experiments were performed to provide those data.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One day after outdating, 26 RBC units were washed without irradiation or before or after irradiation (25 Gy), and [K+e] was measured for 24 hours. [K+e] was measured also immediately before transfusion of 29 nonoutdated irradiated and washed RBC units.RESULTS: After washing, [K+e] increased in a time‐dependent fashion. [K+e] increased more rapidly in preparations of irradiated than nonirradiated RBCs. [K+e] was less after washing after irradiation (1.6 ± 0.3, 2.4 ± 0.3, 3.0 ± 0.3, 3.6 ± 0.3. 4.2 ± 0.4, 5.3 ± 0.5, 8.6 ± 1.0, and 14.3 ± 1.3 mEq/L at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hr; mean ± SD) than washing before irradiation (p < 0.001). The increase in [K+e] during the first 6 hours after washing after irradiation was linear (0.61 ± 0.08 mEq K+/L/hr). The probability of a unit of RBCs having a [K+e] greater than 5 mEq per L is 0.0 to 0.2 percent 3 hours after washing irradiated RBCs and 0.0 to 1.1 percent 6 hours after washing nonirradiated RBCs.CONCLUSIONS: [K+e] increases after washing irradiated and nonirradiated packed RBCs. After irradiation and washing, the [K+e] for the initial 6 hours can be predicted from the [K+e] immediately after washing. There is a low probability that a unit of RBCs would have a [K+e] greater than 5 mEq per L during 6 hours of storage at 4°C after washing if the cells are not irradiated and for 3 hours if the cells are irradiated.
Nance‐Horan syndrome: a contiguous gene syndrome involving detetion of the ametogenin gene? A case report and molecular analysis
Authors: Franco E , Hodgson S , Lench N , Roberts GJ 
Published: August 2010

DESIGN: A case of Nance‐Horan syndrome in a male is presented, with some features of the condition in his carrier mother and her mother. It is proposed that Nance‐Horan syndrome might be a contiguous gene syndrome mapping to chromosome Xp21.2–p22.3.SETTING: The proband had congenital cataract micro‐phthalmia and dental abnormalities including screwdriver shaped incisors and evidence of enamet pitting hypoplasia. The region Xp2I.2–p22.3 also contains the tooth enamet protein gene, ametogenin (AMGX).RESULTS: Using molecular genetic techniques, we have shown that there is no evidence that the AMGX gene is deteted in this case of the Nance‐Horan syndrome.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma: a clinical study of 77 cases from 62 patients, and literature review
Authors: Mighetl AJ , Robinson PA , Hume WJ 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the principle clinical features of the peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), and to recognise clinical features of PGCG that are poorly defined.DESIGN: We reviewed retrospectivety 77 cases of PGCG from 62 patients, from our files with respect to incidence, sex, patient age, race, clinical symptoms and signs, radio‐graphic features and recurrence following excision.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results were largety in agreement with previous reports, although there is wide variation in the results published between series. In addition, some clinical features of PGCG are poorly defined. Little is known about the retative incidences of PGCG and central giant cell granuloma. An association between PGCG and tooth loss may exist, but is poorly defined, and not all PGCG that involve edentulous areas follow recent tooth loss. Information about PGCG recurrence after excision is limited, and does not necessarily follow incomplete excision. Despite the large number of reported cases of PGCG, clarification of some clinical features is required, and may hetp formulation and interpretation of future laboratory‐based research into this poorly understood lesion.
Association between carriage of oral yeasts and malnutrition among Tanzanian infants aged 6–24 months
Authors: Matee MI , Simon E , Christensen MF , Kirk K , Andersen L , Samaranayake LP , Scheutz F 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is an association between carriage of oral yeasts and malnutrition in infants.DESIGN: A case‐control study within a cross‐sectional study. The dependent variable was carriage of oral yeasts. The exposure variable was malnutrition and con‐founders to be adjusted for were age, sex, and breastfeeding.SETTING: A maternal and child health clinic in Dar‐es‐Salaam, Tanzania that offers routine medical check‐ups to all expectant mothers and children aged between 0 and 5 years in its catchment areas.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 972 infants aged 6–24 months participated. Smears from the tongue and cheek mucosa were examined for candidal hyphae and blasto‐spores. Malnutrition was categorized according to Tanzanian standards (weight‐for‐age) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards (weight‐for‐height and height‐for‐age).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Carriage of oral yeasts (hyphae and blastospores).RESULTS: Carriage of oral yeasts was significantly higher in the 227 malnourished compared with the 745 wetl nourished adjusted for confounders. Odds ratio for presence of hyphae in smears from the severety malnourished (weight‐for‐age) was 4.5 (90% CI: 2.0–10.0). Odds ratio for presence of hyphae was 2.3 (90% CI: 1.1–4.8) when weight‐for‐height were used to categorize for malnutrition.CONCLUSION: The study tends to confirm the generally hetd view that malnutrition may predispose to carriage of oral yeasts and subsequent oral candidiasis.
Expression of TNF and the 55‐kDa TNF receptor in epidermis, oral mucosa, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Younes F , Quartey EL , Kiguwa S , Partridge M 
Published: August 2010

TNF has diverse biological effects including a role in the immune response and growth regulatory effects.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the nature and location of cells able to synthesise and respond to TNF in oral mucosa in health and disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The location of immuno‐reactive TNF and 55‐kDa and 7s‐kDa TNF receptors was demonstrated using immunohistology. We also used RT‐PCR to help determine the sites of synthesis of this cyto‐kine in oral mucosa.RESULTS: Only occasional TNF‐positive cells were detected in normal epidermis and oral mucosa. However, this cytokine was found throughout the epithelia in oral lichen planus, leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The possible cellular sources and biological effects of TNF in these disease processes is discussed. The 55‐kDa TNFR was expressed at the cell membrane throughout the epidermis, but confined to the lower cell layers on oral mucosa. Ten of 22 SCC did not express this receptor. A significant correlation was observed between the velocity of tumour growth and absence of TNF receptors.CONCLUSIONS: The growth inhibitory and immuno‐regulatory effects of TNF may be modulated by changes in receptor expression and alterations in synthesis of this cytokine in a subgroup of oral SCC.
The use of micromachined surfaces to investigate the cell behavioural factors essential to osseointegration
Authors: Qu J , Chehroudi B , Brunette DM 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Although currently available implants can be used to achieve osseointegration under well‐defined conditions, a greater understanding of cell behaviour is required to improve the designs and embark on actual tissue engineering.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We employed micromachined substrata to investigate some of the main behavioural responses of osteoblasts from rat fetal calvaria to surface topography. In particular, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), differential interference contrast microscopy, time‐lapse cinemicrography, immunofluo‐rescence, digital radiography and image analysis were used to investigate cell adhesion, cell shape and cytoske‐leton distribution, tissue organization, cell differentiation, and microenvironment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A grooved surface permitted the attachment of more cells than a smooth one. Cell shape and cytoskeleton were strikingly influenced as early as 20 min after cell attachment, when the cytoskeleton begins to align with the topography. Some grooved surfaces appeared to promote osteogenesis in vitro as assessed by the production of bone‐like nodules. Moreover, these nodules align with the topography in vitro, and preliminary results indicate that bone‐like tissue also aligns with grooves when such surfaces are implanted in vivo.
Oral HIV‐1 recovery in the presence of periodontal disease
Authors: Barr CE , Qureshi MN , Qiu Z , Kaim J , Zhang W 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a significant association occurs between the presence of various periodontal diseases and recoverable infectious HIV‐1 in the saliva of injecting drug users.DESIGN: Five hundred and fifty‐one injecting drug users were recruited from various programs associated with the Beth Israel Medical Center. Examiners were ‘blinded’ to the subject's HIV‐1 serostatus. A socio‐economic and risk factors’ survey was conducted and a complete oral examination, including periodontal disease indices was performed. Whole saliva and blood were collected for virus culture.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recovery of infectious HIV‐1 in saliva related to presence of periodontal diseases.RESULTS: Those HIV‐1 seropositive subjects with periodontal diseases did not differ from those HIV‐1 seropositive subjects without periodontal disease in mean age and immune status. Less than 1% of the HIV‐1 seropositive subjects had cultivable HIV‐1 in their saliva while it was present in 78% of PBMCs and 35% of the sera. There was no significant association between infectious HIV‐1 in saliva, serum, or PBMCs and any of the various periodontal diseases.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of periodontal disease in HIV‐1 seropositive injecting drug users does not appear to be a potential risk factor for infectious HIV‐1 in saliva, probably due to the various anti‐viral components of saliva.
The association of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor tyrosine phosphorylation to mitogenic response of human osteoblastic cells in vitro
Authors: Nakanishi H. , Yamanouchi K. , Gotoh Y. , Nagayama M. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to make clear the relationship of human osteoblastic ceil growth, induced by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), to PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblastic cells derived from human maxilla were cultured with human PDGF. The cell growth was evaluated by cell number and DNA synthesiS. PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation was detected by immunoblot analysis using anti‐PDGF receptor α, β subunits and anti‐phosphotyrosine antibodieS. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was added to the culture to investigate the effect on osteoblastic cell growth and PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation induced by PDGF.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: PDGF stimulated the proliferation of human osteoblastic cells and this effect was synergetic with serum stimulation. DNA synthesis of osteoblastic cells was elevated by PDGF in a dose dependent manner at the minimum concentration of I ng ml‐1.PDGF also induced PDGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation within 1 min on osteoblastic cells, and tyrosine phosphorylation occurred on PDGF receptor subunits α and β.Genistein inhibited cell growth and receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, which was induced by PDGF on these cellS. In conclusion, human osteoblastic cell growth induced by PDGF is shown to relate to tyrosine kinase of PDGF receptors.
Resource implications for oral care of patients with HIV
Authors: Gallagher PD , Gealer M , Birnbaum W 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the attitudes of people with HIV infection towards their own dental care provision and the possible implications for future resource allocation.DESIGN: Sixty‐nine HIV positive subjects attending support groups in London were interviewed. Past and current dental visiting behaviour, problems encountered in obtaining dental care and preferred site of delivery for dental care were investigated.RESULTS: Showed that a majority (74%) changed dentist or stopped attending following diagnosis with HIV, either due to fear of or actual refusal of treatment, a desire to attend a more sympathetic dentist or to attend a specialist clinic. Forty‐five per cent withheld information about their status. Subjects expressed a desire to receive regular dental care and had definite preferences as to the site of delivery, 45% preferring general practice, 48% specialist clinics.CONCLUSIONS: Future resource allocation should be used for continued support and education of general dental practitioners willing to treat HIV positive patients, and for accessible specialist referral centres. Hospital clinics could also provide regular routine care, especially in areas of large HIV populations. An improved awareness of and access to community dental clinics appears to be needed, with efforts focused on achieving an informed and educated patient population through education programmes.
The effect of a sodium lauryl sulfate‐free dentifrice on patients with recurrent oral ulceration
Authors: Healy CM , Paterson M. , Joyston‐Bechal S. , Williams DM , Thornhill MH 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) is the most commonly used detergent in dentifriceS. Recent reports have suggested that it may exacerbate conditions with compromised epithelial integrity. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of an SLS‐free dentifrice and an SLS‐containing dentifrice on recurrent oral ulceration (ROU).DESIGN: A double‐blind crossover clinical trial was carried out during which subjects used an SLS dentifrice for 8 weeks and an SLS‐free dentifrice for 8 weekS. Each phase was preceded by a 2‐week washout period.SETTING: A UK dental teaching hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty‐seven subjects completed the trial. They were all in the age range 10–62 years, had regularly recurrent oral ulceration reporting at least one to two ulcers per month and had normal levels of vitamin B12, ferritin and folate.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The trial phases were compared for the following ulcer parameters—number of ulcer days, total pain scores, number of ulcer episodes, and number of ulcerS. Additional parameters compared were the number of ulcers per episode, ulcer duration, total pain per episode and ulcer size.RESULTS: None of the ulcer parameters measured was significantly affected by the use of the SLS‐free dentifrice as compared with the SLS dentifrice.CONCLUSION: SLS‐free dentifrice had no significant effect on ulcer pattern in the ROU study group.
Concomitant leukoplakia in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schepman KP , van der Meij EH , Smeele LE , van der Waal I 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: There is an ongoing debate on the prevalence of premalignant lesions, in particular leukoplakia, at the time of diagnosis of an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of concomitant leukoplakia in 100 patients with OSCC, and to evaluate possible differences in clinical and histopathological parameters of the OSCC between those with or without concomitant leukoplakia.PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients, 61 men and 39 women, with a histologically proven OSCC were screened on the presence of leukoplakia. Four groups were distinguished: (I) leukoplakia adjacent to the OSCC, (II) combination of leukoplakia adjacent to the OSCC, and leukoplakia at another oral site, (III) leu‐koplakia present at another oral site, but not adjacent to the OSCC, and (IV) no leukoplakia present.RESULTS: In 47 (47%) patients with OSCC the presence of concomitant leukoplakia was observed. Thirty‐six (36%) patients had a leukoplakia adjacent to the OSCC (groups I and II), of which eight (8%) patients (group II) also had a leukoplakia present at another oral site. Eleven (11%) patients (group III) had no leukoplakia adjacent to the OSCC, but a leukoplakia present at another oral site. Fifty‐three (53%) patients (group IV) with OSCC had no concomitant leukoplakia present. No differences were noted between men and women, nor was there any preference for an oral subsite with regard to the carcinoma. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical and histopathological presentation of OSCC's between those with or without concomitant leukoplakia.CONCLUSION: Almost 50% of oral squamous cell carcinomas are presumably associated with or preceded by leukoplakia. Early detection and active management of patients with oral leukoplakia may prevent the true development of a number of oral squamous cell carcinomas.