bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury requiring kidney replacement therapy
Authors: Godi Ilaria , Pasin Laura , Ballin Andrea , Martelli Gabriele , Bonanno Claudio , Terranova Francesco , Tamburini Enrico , Simoni Caterina , Randon Ginevra , Franchetti Nicola , Cattarin Leda , Nalesso Federico , Calò Lorenzo , Tiberio Ivo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Limited data existed on the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) renal complications and the outcomes of the most critical patients who required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. We aimed to describe mortality and renal function at 90 days in patients admitted for COVID-19 and KRT.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients admitted for COVID-19 and requiring KRT from March 2020 to January 2022 was conducted in an Italian ICU from a tertiary care hospital. Primary outcome was mortality at 90 days and secondary outcome was kidney function at 90 days.

Results
A cohort of 45 patients was analyzed. Mortality was 60% during ICU stay and increased from 64% at the time of hospital discharge to 71% at 90 days. Among 90-day survivors, 31% required dialysis, 38% recovered incompletely, and 31% completely recovered renal function. The probability of being alive and dialysis-free at 3 months was 22%.

Conclusions
Critically ill patients with COVID-19 disease requiring KRT during ICU stay had elevated mortality rate at 90 days, with low probability of being alive and dialysis-free at 3 months. However, a non-negligible number of patients completely recovered renal function.
Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence–Powered PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score Interpretation for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response Prediction in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Kim Seokhwi , Choi Sangjoon , Park Changhee , Park Seonwook , Pereira Sergio , Ma Minuk , Yoo Donggeun , Paeng Kyunghyun , Jung Wonkyung , Park Sehhoon , Ock Chan-Young , Lee Se-Hoon , Choi Yoon-La , Chung Jin-Haeng 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE Evaluation of PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) by pathologists has been very impactful but is limited by factors such as intraobserver/interobserver bias and intratumor heterogeneity. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)–powered analyzer to assess TPS for the prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The AI analyzer was trained with 393,565 tumor cells annotated by board-certified pathologists for PD-L1 expression in 802 whole-slide images (WSIs) stained by 22C3 pharmDx immunohistochemistry. The clinical performance of the analyzer was validated in an external cohort of 430 WSIs from patients with NSCLC. Three pathologists performed annotations of this external cohort, and their consensus TPS was compared with AI-based TPS. RESULTS In comparing PD-L1 TPS assessed by AI analyzer and by pathologists, a significant positive correlation was observed (Spearman coefficient = 0.925; P < .001). The concordance of TPS between AI analyzer and pathologists according to TPS ≥50%, 1%-49%, and <1% was 85.7%, 89.3%, and 52.4%, respectively. In median progression-free survival (PFS), AI-based TPS predicted prognosis in the TPS 1%-49% or TPS <1% group better than the pathologist's reading, with the TPS ≥50% group as a reference (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49 [95% CI, 1.19 to 1.86] v HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.71] for TPS 1%-49% group, and HR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.69 to 3.35] v HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.23 to 2.13] for TPS <1% group). CONCLUSION PD-L1 TPS assessed by AI analyzer correlates with that of pathologists, with clinical performance also being comparable when referenced to PFS. The AI model can accurately predict tumor response and PFS of ICI in advanced NSCLC via assessment of PD-L1 TPS.
Impact of Obesity on Hepatic Drug Clearance: What are the Influential Variables?
Authors: Zhang Tan , Calvier Elisa A. M. , Krekels Elke H. J. , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrug clearance in obese subjects varies widely among different drugs and across subjects with different severity of obesity. This study investigates correlations between plasma clearance (CLp) and drug- and patient-related characteristics in obese subjects, and evaluates the systematic accuracy of common weight-based dosing methods. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach that uses recent information on obesity-related changes in physiology was used to simulate CLp for a normal-weight subject (body mass index [BMI] = 20) and subjects with various severities of obesity (BMI 25–60) for hypothetical hepatically cleared drugs with a wide range of properties. Influential variables for CLp change were investigated. For each drug and obese subject, the exponent that yields perfect allometric scaling of CLp from normal-weight subjects was assessed. Among all variables, BMI and relative changes in enzyme activity resulting from obesity proved highly correlated with obesity-related CLp changes. Drugs bound to α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) had lower CLp changes compared to drugs bound to human serum albumin (HSA). Lower extraction ratios (ER) corresponded to higher CLp changes compared to higher ER. The allometric exponent for perfect scaling ranged from -3.84 to 3.34 illustrating that none of the scaling methods performed well in all situations. While all three dosing methods are generally systematically accurate for drugs with unchanged or up to 50% increased enzyme activity in subjects with a BMI below 30 kg/m2, in any of the other cases, information on the different drug properties and severity of obesity is required to select an appropriate dosing method for individuals with obesity.
Graphical Abstract
Sagittal Imbalance in Degenerative Kyphosis: Prevalence and Implication on Postoperative Mechanical Failure
Authors: Li Jie , Tang Ziyang , Hu Zongshan , Xu Yanjie , Liang Bangheng , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang , Liu Zhen 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To explore the patterns of sagittal imbalance in patients with lumbar or thoracolumbar degenerative kyphosis (DK) and determine its implication for the risk of mechanical complication (MC) after corrective surgery.

METHODS:
A total of 137 patients with DK who underwent corrective surgery were reviewed. The patients were divided into L group (with a kyphotic apex at L2 and below) and TL group (with kyphotic apex at L1 and above). Then, sacral slope (SS) (defined as S1 if SS > 0 in TL, or SS > 10 in L group) and sagittal vertical axis ≥ 5 cm (defined as +) were used as modifier sagittal balance. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire scores were analyzed, and the risk of mechanical failure was compared across groups.

RESULTS:
The distribution of subgroups was 38 (27.7%) in TLS1(−) group, 36 (26.3%) in TLS1(+) group, 16 (11.7%) in TLS0(−) group, and 5 (3.6%) in TLS0(+) group. For L group, the figure was 5 (3.6%) in LS1(−), 22 (16.1%) in LS1(+), 7 (5.2%) in LS0(−), and 8 (5.8%) in LS0(+). Patients in L group had significantly higher regional kyphosis, lower lumbar lordosis, and higher sagittal vertical axis, indicating a higher risk of global decompensation. The SRS function scores and pain scores were also lower in the L group compared with the TL group. At a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, χ2 test showed that the incidence of TLS0 (+), LS0 (−), and LS0 (+) had significantly higher rates of MC (>40%). In both TL and L groups, patients with MC were found to have significantly lower bone mineral density than those without.

CONCLUSION:
The findings decipher the distinct patterns of sagittal imbalance in severe DK patients with kyphotic apex at thoracolumbar or lumbar spine. Patients with kyphotic apex apex at L2 or below, low SS, and global imbalance showed the highest risk of postoperative mechanical failure.
Caudal Agenesis: Classification Based on the Pathoembryogenesis of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Shim Youngbo , Kim Kyung Hyun , Kim Seung-Ki , Park Kwanjin , Lee Seunghyun , Lee Ji Yeoun , Wang Kyu-Chang 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Caudal agenesis (CA) is a congenital disease characterized by lower vertebral bone defects. Previous classifications for CA were based on the levels of bony defects or the conus medullaris. We created a new pathoembryogenic classification that takes into account the level of conus, considering both its shape and filum. We evaluated its accuracy in reflecting the neurological status and the need for untethering.

METHODS:
Patients with radiologic studies available on our institute's electronic image view system between 1985 and 2019 were reviewed. Our classification categorized patients with CA into 3 groups: the failure of formation (a conus level > L1 or normal level conus with a blunt shape), the failure of regression (a conus level < L3 or normal level conus with a thickened filum or a filar lipoma), and the normal (a normal level conus without specific abnormalities). We analyzed which of the following 3 classifications better reflects the neurological status and the probability of recommending untethering: classifications based on (1) bony defect level, (2) conus level, and (3) pathoembryogenic mechanism.

RESULTS:
A total of 89 patients were included in this study. The pathoembryogenic classification revealed more significant differences in motor or sensory deficits compared with other classifications (failure of formation: 42%; failure of regression: 16%; and normal: 0%, P = .039). In addition, the pathoembryogenic classification emerged as a significant or suggestive predictive factor for motor and sensory deficits (motor: odds ratio 11.66, P = .007; sensory: odds ratio 5.44, P = .066). Notably, only the pathoembryogenic classification exhibited a significant difference in the probabilities of recommending untethering between groups (failure of formation: 42%; failure of regression: 81%; and normal 12%, P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
The correlation between bony classification and spinal cord abnormalities was exaggerated. Our new pathoembryogenic classification was valuable in prognosticating neurological status and identifying the patient group more likely to require untethering among patients with CA.
Association of Preoperative Serum Potassium With Postoperative Seizures in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomy
Authors: Tian Yixin , Zhang Yu , Cheng Xin , He Jialing , Chen Lvlin , Hao Pengfei , Li Tiangui , Peng Liyuan , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang , You Chao , Jia Lu , Fang Fang 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Patients who undergo craniotomy are at risk of developing seizures during the postoperative period. Preoperative serum potassium as an important potential risk factor has not been investigated yet.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adults undergoing elective craniotomy at West China Hospital, from January 2011 and March 2021. The main outcome of this study was postoperative seizures in patients undergoing elective craniotomy during hospitalization. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to investigate the association of preoperative serum potassium with postoperative seizures.

RESULTS:
A total of 15 041 patients were collected after filtering by excluded criteria. The incidence of postoperative seizures was 4.87%. We identified a linear relationship between preoperative serum potassium and postoperative seizures (P for nonlinearity =.87). Compared with patients with serum potassium 3.5 to 4.5 mmol/L, the odds of postoperative seizures increased in patients with serum potassium ≥4.5 mmol/L (the adjusted odds ratios 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.93), and the odds of postoperative seizures decreased in patients with serum potassium ≤3.5 mmol/L (the adjusted odds ratios 0.73, 95% CI 0.53-1.01).

CONCLUSION:
We found that high preoperative serum potassium level was associated with the high risk of postoperative seizures in patients undergoing craniotomy. We demonstrated that preoperative serum potassium level was the independent risk factor of postoperative seizures.
Anemia aplásica inducida por metimazol: presentación de caso
Authors: Orozco Burbano Juan David , Fajardo Blanca Viviana , Correa Correa Mario Ernesto , Muñoz Elvia Nohelia , López Palechor Jesús Iván 
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Los medicamentos antitiroideos son una de las alternativas terapéuticas en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Graves. Sin embargo, puede generar efectos adversos severos aunque poco frecuentes a nivel hematológico como la anemia aplásica, la cual se ha asociado con altas dosis de estos medicamentos, aunque con reversión de esta afección hematológica ante el retiro del medicamento.
Descripción del caso: Mujer de 38 años con antecedente de enfermedad de Graves en tratamiento con Metimazol, quien consulta por síntomas como epistaxis anterior de difícil control, petequias, astenia e hiporexia. Se documenta pancitopenia en el hemograma, con posterior hallazgo en biopsia de médula ósea de aplasia medular, sin respuesta ante el retiro del metimazol y soporte transfusional.
Conclusión: Son pocos los casos de aplasia medular asociada a Metimazol sin respuesta al retiro del medicamento y con desenlaces fatales. Por lo tanto, este efecto adverso debe tenerse en cuenta y vigilarse ante el inicio de esta medicación.
Lensless single-shot dual-wavelength digital holography for industrial metrology
Authors: Shangguan Huangcheng , Urbach H. Paul , Kalkman Jeroen 
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate lensless single-shot dual-wavelength digital holography
for high-speed 3D imaging in industrial inspection. Single-shot
measurement is realized by combining off-axis digital holography and
spatial frequency multiplexing of the two wavelengths on the detector.
The system has 9.1 µm lateral resolution and a 50 µm unambiguous depth
range. We determine the theoretical accuracy of off-axis
dual-wavelength phase reconstruction for the case of
shot-noise-limited detection. Experimental results show good agreement
with the proposed model. The system is applied to industrial metrology
of calibrated test samples and chip manufacturing.
Integrated spatial-temporal random speckle spectrometer with high resolution in the C-band
Authors: Xu Shibo , Zhang Jiahui , Cheng Junwei , Dong Jianji 
Published: May 2024

The increasing demand for diverse portable high-precision spectral analysis applications has driven the rapid development of spectrometer miniaturization. However, the resolutions of existing miniaturized spectrometers mostly remain at the nanometer level, posing a challenge for further enhancement towards achieving picometer-level precision. Here, we propose an integrated reconstructive spectrometer that utilizes Mach–Zehnder interferometers and a tunable diffraction network. Through random tuning in the time domain and disordered diffraction in the space domain, the random speckle patterns closely related to wavelength information are obtained to construct the transmission matrix. Experimentally, we achieve a high resolution of 100 pm and precisely reconstruct multiple narrowband and broadband spectra. Moreover, the proposed spectrometer features a simple structure, strong portability, and fast sampling speed, which has great potential in the practical application of high-precision portable spectral analysis.
Fourier-domain-compressed optical time-stretch quantitative phase imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Li Rubing , Weng Yueyun , Wei Shubin , Lin Siyuan , Huang Jin , Song Congkuan , Shen Hui , Hou Jinxuan , Xu Yu , Mei Liye , Wang Du , Zou Yujie , Yin Tailang , Zhou Fuling , Geng Qing , Liu Sheng , Lei Cheng 
Published: May 2024

Optical time-stretch (OTS) imaging flow cytometry offers a promising solution for high-throughput and high-precision cell analysis due to its capabilities of high-speed, high-quality, and continuous imaging. Compressed sensing (CS) makes it practically applicable by significantly reducing the data volume while maintaining its high-speed and high-quality imaging properties. To enrich the information of the images acquired with CS-equipped OTS imaging flow cytometry, in this work we propose and experimentally demonstrate Fourier-domain-compressed OTS quantitative phase imaging flow cytometry. It is capable of acquiring intensity and quantitative phase images of cells simultaneously from the compressed data. To evaluate the performance of our method, static microparticles and a corn root cross section are experimentally measured under various compression ratios. Furthermore, to show how our method can be applied in practice, we utilize it in the drug response analysis of breast cancer cells. Experimental results show that our method can acquire high-quality intensity and quantitative phase images of flowing cells at a flowing speed of 1 m/s and a compression ratio of 30%. Combined with machine-learning-based image analysis, it can distinguish drug-treated and drug-untreated cells with an accuracy of over 95%. We believe our method can facilitate cell analysis in both scientific research and clinical settings where both high-throughput and high-content cell analysis is required.
Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection in the Central African Republic
Authors: Basimane-Bisimwa Parvine , Koyaweda Giscard Wilfried , Ngaïganam Edgarthe , Vickos Ulrich , Sibiro Ornella Anne Demi , Yambiyo Brice Martial , Sombié Benjamin Seydou , Pélembi Pulchérie , Moussa Sandrine , Bekondi Claudine , Giles-Vernick Tamara , Manirakiza Alexandre , Vray Muriel , Komas Narcisse Patrice Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Background
The Central African Republic (CAR) is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of viral hepatitis infection in the world. Coinfection with HIV increases the morbidity and mortality beyond that of mono-infection with either hepatitis or HIV. The present study describes the geographic distribution of viral hepatitis infections and molecular characterization of these viruses in the CAR.

Methodology
Out of 12,599 persons enrolled during the fourth Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey of 2010 in the CAR, 10,621 Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples were obtained and stored at -20°C. Of these DBS, 4,317 samples were randomly selected to represent all regions of the CAR. Serological tests for hepatitis B, D, and C viruses were performed using the ELISA technique. Molecular characterization was performed to identify strains.

Results
Of the 4,317 samples included, 53.2% were from men and 46.8% from women. The HBsAg prevalence among participants was 12.9% and that HBc-Ab was 19.7%. The overall prevalence of HCV was 0.6%. Co-infection of HIV/HBV was 1.1% and that of HBV/HDV was 16.6%. A total of 77 HBV, 6 HIV, and 6 HDV strains were successfully sequenced, with 72 HBV (93.5%) strains belonging to genotype E and 5 (6.5%) strains belonging to genotype D. The 6 HDV strains all belonged to clade 1, while 4 recombinants subtype were identified among the 6 strains of HIV.

Conclusion
Our study found a high prevalence of HBV, HBV/HDV and HBV/HIV co-infection, but a low prevalence of HCV. CAR remains an area of high HBV endemicity. This study’s data and analyses would be useful for establishing an integrated viral hepatitis and HIV surveillance program in the CAR.
The patient safety curriculum: An interventional study on the effectiveness of patient safety education for Jordanian nursing students
Authors: Al-Nawafleh Ahmad H. , Musleh Sultan , Nawafleh Nofal 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) patient safety curriculum (PSC) in improving the patient safety education for nursing students in Jordanian higher education programmes.

Methods
An interventional design adopting a pre-test and post-test was used. A questionnaire survey was administered to 373 nursing students before and after the curriculum. Students were asked to complete pre-test and post-test questionnaires on self-awareness of patient safety.

Results
Students had moderate knowledge of factors that influence patient safety and scored as the highest, (mean 3.45, SD 0.94). The greatest improvement was in the role of the health organisation in error reporting (the mean difference was 0.97, P = 0.001). Taking into consideration the essential measurements, the results obtained after the post-test regarding the two patient safety topics showed a significant increase after completing the training, demonstrating that the patient safety course was effective.

Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of developing a curriculum in nursing schools that incorporates patient safety education. The WHO PSC guide can be a great start in this domain.
FEMaLe: The use of machine learning for early diagnosis of endometriosis based on patient self-reported data—Study protocol of a multicenter trial
Authors: Balogh Dora B. , Hudelist Gernot , Bļizņuks Dmitrijs , Raghothama Jayanth , Becker Christian M. , Horace Roman , Krentel Harald , Horne Andrew W. , Bourdel Nicolas , Marki Gabriella , Tomassetti Carla , Kirk Ulrik Bak , Acs Nandor , Bokor Attila 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects up to 190 million women and those assigned female at birth and remains unresolved mainly in terms of etiology and optimal therapy. It is defined by the presence of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and is commonly associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and decreased quality of life. Despite the availability of various screening methods (e.g., biomarkers, genomic analysis, imaging techniques) intended to replace the need for invasive surgery, the time to diagnosis remains in the range of 4 to 11 years.

Aims
This study aims to create a large prospective data bank using the Lucy mobile health application (Lucy app) and analyze patient profiles and structured clinical data. In addition, we will investigate the association of removed or restricted dietary components with quality of life, pain, and central pain sensitization.

Methods
A baseline and a longitudinal questionnaire in the Lucy app collects real-world, self-reported information on symptoms of endometriosis, socio-demographics, mental and physical health, economic factors, nutritional, and other lifestyle factors. 5,000 women with confirmed endometriosis and 5,000 women without diagnosed endometriosis in a control group will be enrolled and followed up for one year. With this information, any connections between recorded symptoms and endometriosis will be analyzed using machine learning.

Conclusions
We aim to develop a phenotypic description of women with endometriosis by linking the collected data with existing registry-based information on endometriosis diagnosis, healthcare utilization, and big data approach. This may help to achieve earlier detection of endometriosis with pelvic pain and significantly reduce the current diagnostic delay. Additionally, we may identify dietary components that worsen the quality of life and pain in women with endometriosis, upon which we can create real-world data-based nutritional recommendations.