bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of stable second‐order nonlinear optical films by sol–gel technique
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Zhao Lisha , Sun Jie , Cui Zhanchen , Zhang Daming 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA stable nonlinear optical (NLO) film containing “T” type alkoxysilane dye was prepared by sol–gel technology. This crosslinked “T” type alkoxysilane dye was synthesized and fully characterized by FTIR, UV–Vis spectra, and 1H‐NMR. Followed by hydrolysis and copolymerization processes of the alkoxysilane with γ‐glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), high quality inorganic–organic hybrid second‐order NLO films were obtained by spin coating. The “T” type structure of the alkoxysilane was found to be effective for improving the temporal stability of the optical nonlinearity due to the reduction in the relaxation of the chromophore in the film materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subcutaneous anti‐D treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children
Authors: Kjaersgaard Mimi , Edslev Pernille Wendtland , Hasle Henrik 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe investigated the effect of subcutaneous anti‐D IgG as platelet enhancing therapy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Twenty‐three children were treated with subcutaneous anti‐D 50 µg/kg. The median platelet count increased from 7 × 109 to 31 × 109/L on day 3 (P < 0.01). The median decline in hemoglobin was 1.3 g/dl. Two children experienced minor fever and chills within 24 hr of treatment. Pain at the injection site was common but self‐limiting with no effect on activity level. These results suggest subcutaneous anti‐D IgG 50 µg/kg as an effective and well‐tolerated treatment option in childhood ITP. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:1315–1317. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low concentration of anti‐7,8‐dihydroxy‐9,10‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene induces alterations of extracellular protein profile of exposed epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Hui , Shen Jing , Feng Lei , Yu Yingnian 
Published: August 2009

Abstract7,8‐Dihydroxy‐9,10‐epoxy‐7,8,9,10‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) exposure induces adduct formation and oxidative damage on DNA, and consequently triggers complicated stress responses, including such responses as signaling pathway activation, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis and mutagenesis. In the present study, 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF MS were employed to analyze the differential extracellular protein patterns of human amniotic epithelial cells (FL cells) after exposure to 5 nM BPDE and control. As a result, one protein spot that appeared in the culture medium of BPDE treatment group was successfully identified as 14‐3‐3ζ, and three up‐regulated protein spots were identified as annexin A3, annexin V and hydroxypyruvate isomerase homolog. Among them, 14‐3‐3ζ was further detected in some pleural fluid specimens also. These results demonstrate that BPDE exposure can induce alterations of extracellular protein profiles of exposed cells, which may be served as a starting point for searching candidate biomarkers for benzo[a]pyrene exposure.
Profiling MS proteomics data using smoothed non‐linear energy operator and Bayesian additive regression trees
Authors: He Shan , Li Xiaoli , Viant Mark R. , Yao Xin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel profiling method for SELDI‐TOF and MALDI‐TOF MS data that integrates a novel peak detection method based on modified smoothed non‐linear energy operator, correlation‐based peak selection and Bayesian additive regression trees. The peak detection and classification performance of the proposed approach is validated on two publicly available MS data sets, namely MALDI‐TOF simulation data and high‐resolution SELDI‐TOF ovarian cancer data. The results compared favorably with three state‐of‐the‐art peak detection algorithms and four machine‐learning algorithms. For the high‐resolution ovarian cancer data set, seven biomarkers (m/z windows) were found by our method, which achieved 97.30 and 99.10% accuracy at 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, from 50 independent cross‐validation samples, which is significantly better than other profiling and dimensional reduction methods. The results show that the method is capable of finding parsimonious sets of biologically meaningful biomarkers with better accuracy than existing methods. Supporting Information material and MATLAB/R scripts to implement the methods described in the article are available at: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/szh/SourceCode‐for‐Proteomics.zip
Proteomic identification of pleckstrin‐associated proteins in platelets: Possible interactions with actin
Authors: Baig Akeel , Bao Xiankun , Haslam Richard J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPleckstrin (plek)‐null platelets from a knockout mouse have been shown to be defective in granule secretion, aggregation and actin polymerization. However, the mechanism of plek signaling is currently unknown. Therefore, we sought to identify plek‐binding proteins in platelets by using GST pulldown assays and immunoprecipitation to isolate proteins from extracts of protein kinase C‐activated or inhibited human platelets. Co‐purified plek‐binding proteins were resolved by SDS‐PAGE and identified via nanospray quadruple TOF MS. Identified proteins may be involved in various cellular processes including cytoskeletal reorganization (moesin, radixin and α‐actinin) and signal transduction (serum deprivation response protein, 17 β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4 and factor XIIIA). Both platelet aggregation and/or secretion require actin polymerization. However, studies have shown no direct association between plek and actin. Based on our findings we propose indirect associations between plek and actin through 17 β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4, α‐actinin, moesin, radixin and factor XIIIA, which in turn suggest new roles for plek in platelet biology.
Structure and interaction of ubiquitin‐associated domain of human Fas‐associated factor 1
Authors: Song JinSue , Park Joon Kyu , Lee Jae‐Jin , Choi Yun‐Seok , Ryu Kyoung‐Seok , Kim Jae‐Hong , Kim Eunhee , Lee Kong‐Joo , Jeon Young‐Ho , Kim Eunice EunKyeong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFas‐associated factor (FAF)‐1 is a multidomain protein that was first identified as a member of the Fas death‐inducing signaling complex, but later found to be involved in various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms are not clear, FAF1 seems to play an important role in cancer, asbestos‐induced mesotheliomas, and Parkinson's disease. It interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, Hsp70, and p97/VCP (valosin‐containing protein), in addition to the proteins of the Fas‐signaling pathway. We have determined the crystal structure of the ubiquitin‐associated domain of human FAF1 (hFAF1‐UBA) and examined its interaction with ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐like proteins using nuclear magnetic resonance. hFAF1‐UBA revealed a canonical three‐helical bundle that selectively binds to mono‐ and di‐ubiquitin (Lys48‐linked), but not to SUMO‐1 (small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1) or NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down‐regulated 8). The interaction between hFAF1‐UBA and di‐ubiquitin involves hydrophobic interaction accompanied by a transition in the di‐ubiquitin conformation. These results provide structural insight into the mechanism of polyubiquitin recognition by hFAF1‐UBA.
Domain 4 of the anthrax protective antigen maintains structure and binding to the host receptor CMG2 at low pH
Authors: Williams Alexander S. , Lovell Scott , Anbanandam Asokan , El‐Chami Rahif , Bann James G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDomain 4 of the anthrax protective antigen (PA) plays a key role in cellular receptor recognition as well as in pH‐dependent pore formation. We present here the 1.95 Å crystal structure of domain 4, which adopts a fold that is identical to that observed in the full‐length protein. We have also investigated the structural properties of the isolated domain 4 as a function of pH, as well as the pH‐dependence on binding to the von Willebrand factor A domain of capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2). Our results provide evidence that the isolated domain 4 maintains structure and interactions with CMG2 at pH 5, a pH that is known to cause release of the receptor on conversion of the heptameric prepore (PA63)7to a membrane‐spanning pore. Our results suggest that receptor release is not driven solely by a pH‐induced unfolding of domain 4.
Molecular dynamics of leucine and dopamine transporter proteins in a model cell membrane lipid bilayer
Authors: Gedeon Patrick C. , Indarte Martín , Surratt Christopher K. , Madura Jeffry D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe dopamine transporter (DAT) operates via facilitated diffusion, harnessing an inward Na+gradient to drive dopamine from the extracellular synaptic cleft to the neuron interior. The DAT is relevant to central nervous system disorders such as Parkinson disease and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and is the primary site of action for the abused psychostimulants cocaine and amphetamines. Crystallization of a DAT homolog, the bacterial leucine transporter LeuT, provided the first reliable 3‐D DAT template. Here, the LeuT crystal structure and the DAT molecular model have been combined with their respective substrates, leucine and dopamine, in lipid bilayer molecular dynamics simulations toward tracking substrate movement along the protein's substrate/ion permeation pathway. Specifically, movement of residue pairs that comprise the “external gate” was followed as a function of substrate presence. The transmembrane (TM) 1 arginine‐TM 10 aspartate strut formed less readily in DAT compared with LeuT, with or without substrate present. For LeuT but not DAT, the addition of substrate enhanced the chances of forming the TM 1‐10 bridge. Also, movement of the fourth extracellular loop EL‐4 in the presence of substrate was more pronounced for DAT, the EL‐4 unwinding to a degree. The overall similarity between the LeuT and DAT molecular dynamics simulations indicated that LeuT was a legitimate model to guide DAT structure‐function predictions. There were, nevertheless, differences significant enough to allow for DAT‐unique insights, which may include how cocaine, methylphenidate (Ritalin, NIDA Drug Supply, Rockville, MD), and other DAT blockers are not recognized as substrates even though they can access the primary substrate binding pocket. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cheddar or Swiss? How strong are your barriers?
Authors: Broadribb Michael P. , Boyle Bill , Tanzi Steven J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article describes a company's experience with process safety metrics and describes systematic methods to improve safety performance. As a result of a major accident, an internal investigation identified that although a site may have numerous measures for tracking operational and safety performance, these measures may not focus on leading indicators that could provide early warning of potential major incidents.To systematically reduce incidents, especially, low probability high consequence process safety events, it is necessary to focus on prevention and specifically the strength of the barriers. The approach described in this article, therefore, aims to create a combination of Process Safety Performance Indicators that lead to stronger more robust barriers.While industrial history tells us that such high consequence events are infrequent, this significant process safety risk is always present in production operations, and thus needs to be continuously assessed and reduced through systematic safety management. Within one company, this recognition has resulted in a substantial strengthening of process safety risk management through a more comprehensive system of controls embedded within its new Operating Management System, which is being implemented at the site level across all of its operations globally.This article explores the ongoing methodology and approach being used to select a limited but crucial set of Process Safety Performance Indicators to enable effective measurement and the appropriate management of process safety performance. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Nitride‐based quantum dots for single photon source applications
Authors: Jarjour Anas F. , Oliver Rachel A. , Taylor Robert A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere is a great potential in the development of versatile single‐photon devices based on nitride‐based single quantum dots due to their unique properties. Their emission can be engineered to span a wide spectral range from the ultraviolet to the blue and green regions of the spectrum which may prove important for several applications such as free‐space quantum cryptography and low‐noise absorption measurements. It is also possible to dynamically tune the wavelength of the emitted single photons over a wide range by controlling the internal piezoelectric field using externally applied electric fields. The nitrides also have the potential of providing devices which operate at relatively high temperatures. In this contribution, we review the progress made so far towards the development of optically excited and electrically driven single photon sources based on these structures.
Synchrotron X‐ray diffraction studies of large sapphire crystal grown by Kyropoulos‐like method
Authors: Wang Gui‐Gen , Zhang Ming‐Fu , Wu Qi‐Bao , Zhang Hua‐Yu , Zuo Hong‐Bo , Han Jie‐Cai , He Xiao‐Dong , Huang Wan‐Xia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, monochromatic double‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and white‐beam X‐ray topography techniques using synchrotron radiation source were utilized to investigate the growth process of large sapphire crystal by an improved Kyropoulos‐like method. Compared with the calculated theoretical value of 8.6 s, FWHM experimental values of sapphire are in the range of 11 ∼ 26 s, showing its good crystalline perfection in general, especially for the crystal in the central region of the boule. The analysis of white beam transmission X‐ray topographs revealed the presence of dislocation tangles and helical dislocations in different crystal regions. The defect configurations in sapphire crystals were caused by the dislocation reaction and void formation.
Comparison of diamond bias enhanced nucleation on Ir and 3C‐SiC: A high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy study
Authors: Hoffman A. , Michaelson Sh. , Akhvlediani R. , Hangaly N. K. , Gsell S. , Brescia R. , Schreck M. , Stritzker B. , Arnault J.‐C. , Saada S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBias enhanced nucleation (BEN) is the crucial process step to generate epitaxially oriented diamond nuclei on various substrates comprising elemental semiconductors, carbides and non‐carbide forming metals. Numerous studies on Si and SiC have shown that the diamond growth immediately starts during the biasing as soon as nuclei have been formed. In contrast, nucleation on Ir requires a stronger ion bombardment under which bulk diamond is etched and 3D crystal growth of the nuclei is suppressed. In the present work, we used high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HR‐EELS) to study the vibrational features of the nucleation layers, which were formed by BEN on Ir(001) as compared to the carbon layers formed by BEN on 3C‐SiC. It was found that the HR‐EEL spectra taken for a BEN layer on iridium with successful diamond nucleation, as indicated by the observation of domains, significantly differs from a carbon nucleation layer without these patterns. The peaks at 300 and 450 meV due to overtones stemming from diamond's optical phonon represent a unique feature correlated with the presence of diamond nuclei. The appearance and strengthening of the corresponding loss lines after annealing is interpreted in terms of a weakly bonded amorphous or highly defective hydrogenated carbon layer that initially covers the nuclei. These findings confirm and complement models for the nucleation process, which had been developed on the base of former observations by various other techniques. The stronger signals from crystalline diamond in the spectra taken from BEN on 3C‐SiC confirm that the weaker ion bombardment leaves a more intact diamond crystal at the surface.
Nanotopography of graphene
Authors: Bangert U. , Gass M. H. , Bleloch A. L. , Nair R. R. , Eccles J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMicroscopically clean graphene surfaces are scrutinized via atomic resolution high angle dark field imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy for presence of adsorbed atoms. Carbon ad‐atoms can be observed in dark field images, whereas hydrogen is revealed in electron loss spectra. Spectrum images show the spatial distribution of hydrogen in pristine and deliberately H‐dosed graphene; hydrogen is found on all graphene surfaces but the coverage is higher and more uniform in dosed samples. On clean surfaces the energy loss is characteristic of the ground level excitation in atomic hydrogen, whereas a spread in the hydrogen energy levels is found in hydrocarbon deposits. A rippling effect in the graphene sheets is revealed when lattice images are processed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques. This contrast effect originates from changes in the bond length projection, due to inclinations of the sheet. It is suggested that point defects – vacancies and ad‐atomes – influence the ripple patterns.
A monolithic nanodiamond lateral field emission triode
Authors: Subramanian K. , Kang W. P. , Davidson J. L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA laterally configured field emission device comprised of nanodiamond has shown low turn‐on and operating voltages, and enhanced performance, owing to lithographic control over the device parameters, viz., interelectrode spacing, emitter geometry, and large‐area array structure. This work deals with the development of a monolithic nanodiamond lateral vacuum triode. Gate‐controlled current modulation behavior is clearly observed. The low applied electric fields required to initiate and modulate the electron emission between the electrodes are attributed to the geometry and material composition of the nanodiamond lateral emitter. Other measured parameters include 1.1 µA (anode current density ∼1 A/cm2) per finger; DC gain/amplification factor: 200; output impedance: ∼10 GΩ. The gm was found to increase exponentially with Vg, suggesting that the electron current is well modulated by the gate voltage. The device characteristics were consistent with Fowler–Nordheim emission, the extracted anode current arising from field emission tunneling mechanism.
Sequential analysis of diamond nucleation on silicon (001) with bias enhanced nucleation using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction investigations
Authors: Sarrieu C. , Barth N. , Guise A. , Arnault J. C. , Saada S. , Barrat S. , Bauer‐Grosse E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDiamond synthesis by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD) with a bias enhanced nucleation (BEN) step constitutes the most efficient method to obtain heteroepitaxy and is also useful to reach high nucleation densities. In this study, sequential reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations enabled us to highlight the formation of amorphous carbon and crystalline silicon carbide on the surface before diamond growth. By varying the bias voltage, we underlined an optimized value corresponding to a higher quantity of amorphous carbon. This quantity is strongly correlated to the diamond nucleation density. As for the quality of the SiC texture, this seems to be directly linked to bias voltage too: low bias voltages enable us to obtain high oriented 3C‐SiC whereas high bias voltages lead to a completely misoriented polycrystalline SiC film.
Ag:ZrO2 nanocomposite thin films derived using a novel sol–gel technique
Authors: Kumar Manish , Reddy G. B. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThin films of an Ag:ZrO2 nanocomposite (NC) have been prepared using a novel sol–gel technique, employing HCl as a sol stabilizer. The technique facilitates the formation of Ag nanoparticles in a matrix of ZrO2 via thermal annealing at relatively low temperature (300 °C). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the formation of nearly spherical Ag nanoparticles embedded in ZrO2. When the annealing temperature is raised from 300 to 450 °C, growth of the Ag nanoparticles is observed and their average size is found to increase from 20 to 35 nm. An increase in the annealing duration leads to an increase in the density of the Ag nanoparticles, but does not change their average size. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the films evidences the conversion of silver oxide into metallic Ag at 300 °C. UV–Visible spectroscopy of samples annealed at temperatures above 300 °C reveals an absorption peak at ∼507 nm due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR). An increase in the annealing duration from 2 to 14 h results in an enhancement of the intensity of the absorption peak from 15 to 62%.
Nuclear spins in nanostructures
Authors: Coish W. A. , Baugh J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe review recent theoretical and experimental advances toward understanding the effects of nuclear spins in confined nanostructures. These systems, which include quantum dots, defect centers, and molecular magnets, are particularly interesting for their importance in quantum information processing devices, which aim to coherently manipulate single electron spins with high precision. On one hand, interactions between confined electron spins and a nuclear‐spin environment provide a decoherence source for the electron, and on the other, a strong effective magnetic field that can be used to execute local coherent rotations. A great deal of effort has been directed toward understanding the details of the relevant decoherence processes and to find new methods to manipulate the coupled electron–nuclear system. A sequence of spectacular new results have provided understanding of spin‐bath decoherence, nuclear spin diffusion, and preparation of the nuclear state through dynamic polarization and more general manipulation of the nuclear‐spin density matrix through “state narrowing.” These results demonstrate the richness of this physical system and promise many new mysteries for the future.magnified image
Piezotronic strain sensor based on single bridged ZnO wires
Authors: Yang Y. , Qi J. J. , Gu Y. S. , Wang X. Q. , Zhang Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate a piezotronic strain sensor based on cyclic stretching–releasing of single ZnO wires, which was employed to detect movement frequencies of an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. Our results show that the resistance of single ZnO wires decreases as the tensile strains in the wire increase, which is suggested to be attributed to both piezoelectric and piezoresistance effects. These fabricated devices were found to have a sufficiently high sensitivity (about 200%) and a fast response time to the tensile strains. It could open up new applications of manufacturing frequency detectors. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)