bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors for New and Recurrent Infarcts in Adults With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Jordan Lori C. , King Allison A. , Kanter Julie , Lebensburger Jeff , Ford Andria L. , Varughese Taniya E. , Garrett Lisa , Mullis Lauren , Saint Jean LeShana , Davis Samantha , Dumas Jeanine , Kassim Adetola A. , Rodeghier Mark , Hikima Mustapha S. , Suwaid Mohammad A. , Saleh Mohammed K. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Most adults with sickle cell disease will experience a silent cerebral infarction (SCI) or overt stroke. Identifying patient subgroups with increased stroke incidence is important for future clinical trials focused on stroke prevention. Our 3‐center prospective cohort study tested the primary hypothesis that adults with sickle cell disease and SCIs have a greater incidence of new stroke or SCI compared with those without SCI. A secondary aim focused on identifying additional risk factors for progressive infarcts, particularly traditional risk factors for stroke in adults.

Methods and Results

This observational study included adults with sickle cell disease and no history of stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain completed at baseline and >1 year later were reviewed by 3 radiologists for baseline SCIs and new or progressive infarcts on follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke risk factors were abstracted from the medical chart. Time‐to‐event analysis was utilized for progressive infarcts. Median age was 24.1 years; 45.3% of 95 participants had SCIs on baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Progressive infarcts were present in 17 participants (17.9%), and the median follow‐up was 2.1 years. Incidence of new infarcts was 11.95 per 100 patient‐years (6.17–20.88) versus 3.74 per 100 patient‐years (1.21–8.73) in those with versus without prior SCI. Multivariable Cox regression showed that baseline SCI predicts progressive infarcts (hazard ratio, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.05–11.39];
P
=0.041); baseline hypertension was also associated with progressive infarcts (hazard ratio, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.16–9.51];
P
=0.025).

Conclusions
Selecting individuals with SCIs and hypertension for stroke prevention trials in sickle cell disease may enrich the study population with those at highest risk for infarct recurrence.
Sex and Racial Disparities in Proportionate Mortality of Premature Myocardial Infarction in the United States: 1999 to 2020
Authors: Gonuguntla Karthik , Badu Irisha , Duhan Sanchit , Sandhyavenu Harigopal , Chobufo Muchi Ditah , Taha Amro , Thyagaturu Harshith , Sattar Yasar , Keisham Bijeta , Ali Shafaqat , Khan Muhammad Zia , Latchana Sharaad , Naeem Minahil , Shaik Ayesha , Balla Sudarshan , Gulati Martha 
Published: June 2024

Background
The incidence of premature myocardial infarction (PMI) in women (<65 years and men <55 years) is increasing. We investigated proportionate mortality trends in PMI stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity.

Methods and Results

CDC WONDER (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) was queried to identify PMI deaths within the United States between 1999 and 2020, and trends in proportionate mortality of PMI were calculated using the Joinpoint regression analysis. We identified 3 017 826 acute myocardial infarction deaths, with 373 317 PMI deaths corresponding to proportionate mortality of 12.5% (men 12%, women 14%). On trend analysis, proportionate mortality of PMI increased from 10.5% in 1999 to 13.2% in 2020 (average annual percent change of 1.0 [0.8–1.2,
P
<0.01]) with a significant increase in women from 10% in 1999 to 17% in 2020 (average annual percent change of 2.4 [1.8–3.0,
P
<0.01]) and no significant change in men, 11% in 1999 to 10% in 2020 (average annual percent change of −0.2 [−0.7 to 0.3,
P
=0.4]). There was a significant increase in proportionate mortality in both Black and White populations, with no difference among American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, or Hispanic people. American Indian/Alaska Natives had the highest PMI mortality with no significant change over time.

Conclusions
Over the last 2 decades, there has been a significant increase in the proportionate mortality of PMI in women and the Black population, with persistently high PMI in American Indian/Alaska Natives, despite an overall downtrend in acute myocardial infarction–related mortality. Further research to determine the underlying cause of these differences in PMI mortality is required to improve the outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in these populations.
Individual and Joint Associations of High‐Sensitivity Troponin I and High‐Sensitivity Troponin T with Cardiac Phenotypes and Outcomes in the General Population: An Analysis From the Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Vigen Rebecca , Ayers Colby , Berry Jarett , Rohatgi Anand , Nambi Vijay , Ballantyne Christie M. , Omland Torbjorn , de Filippi Christopher R. , de Lemos James 
Published: June 2024

Background
High‐sensitivity troponin I (hs‐cTnI) and T (hs‐cTnT) provide complementary information regarding cardiovascular disease risk. The explanation for their distinct risk profiles is incompletely understood.

Methods and Results
hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT were measured in Dallas Heart Study participants. Associations of hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT with demographics and phenotypes were assessed using linear regression. Associations with incident heart failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, global cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality were assessed using Cox models. Among 3276 participants (56% women, 50% Black persons, median age 43 years), the correlation between hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT was modest (Spearman rho=0.35). Variables associated with hs‐cTnI but not hs‐cTnT included hypertension, higher body mass index and total cholesterol, and lower high‐density lipoprotein and cholesterol efflux capacity. Older age, male sex, and diabetes were positively associated, and smoking was negatively associated, with hs‐cTnT but not hs‐cTnI. Hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT were associated with heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] per SD log hs‐cTnI 1.53 [95% CI, 1.30–1.81] and HR per SD log hs‐cTnT 1.65 [95% CI, 1.40–1.95]), global cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.10–1.34] and HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.15–1.32]), and all‐cause mortality (HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01–1.25], and HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06–1.29]). After adjustment for N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and the alternative troponin, both remained associated with heart failure (HR per SD log hs‐cTnI 1.32 [95% CI, 1.1–1.58] and HR per log hs‐cTnT 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06–1.51]).

Conclusions
Hs‐cTnI and hs‐cTnT are modestly correlated, demonstrate differential associations with cardiac and metabolic phenotypes, and provide complementary information regarding heart failure risk.
Self‐Performed Dietary Sodium Reduction and Blood Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Duus Camilla Lundgreen , Nielsen Steffen Flindt , Hornstrup Bodil Gade , Mose Frank Holden , Bech Jesper Nørgaard 
Published: June 2024

Background
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease worldwide. Patients with blood pressure (BP) response to dietary sodium reduction are referred to as “salt sensitive.” Salt sensitivity (SS) might be due to differences in sodium storage capacity and the erythrocyte SS examines this capacity of the red blood cells. This study aimed to test the effect of a self‐performed sodium reduced diet on BP in patients with essential hypertension and examine whether erythrocyte SS predicts SS.

Methods and Results

Seventy‐two patients with hypertension were included and randomized 2:1 to either sodium reduction or a control group for 4 weeks. Blood samples, 24‐hour BP measurement, and 24‐hour urine collection were performed before and after. The intervention group received advice on how to lower sodium intake. Urinary sodium excretion decreased 66 mmol (95% CI, −96 to −37 mmol) in the intervention group compared with the control group. Systolic 24‐hour BP decreased 9 mm Hg after low‐sodium diet compared with the control group (95% CI, −13 to −4 mm Hg). Similarly, the difference in reduction in diastolic BP between the groups was 5 mm Hg (95% CI, −8 to −1 mm Hg). We found no correlation between erythrocyte SS at baseline and decrease in 24‐hour BP, neither systolic nor diastolic (
P
=0.66 and
P
= 0.84).

Conclusions
Self‐performed sodium reduction was feasible and led to decrease in 24‐hour BP of 9/5 mm Hg compared with a control group. The erythrocyte SS did not correlate to the change in BP after lowering sodium intake.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT05165823.
Effect of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Barry Arden R. , Helisaz Hamed , Safari Abdollah , Loewen Peter 
Published: June 2024

Background
The effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft surgery is equivocal. This retrospective, population‐based cohort study evaluated effect of exposure to an ACEI/ARB on MACE using linked administrative databases that included all cardiac revascularization procedures, hospitalizations, and prescriptions for the population of British Columbia, Canada.

Methods and Results

All adults who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 2002 and 2020 were eligible. The primary outcome was time to MACE, defined as a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke using Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability treatment weighting. Included were 15 439 patients and 6191 (40%) were prescribed an ACEI/ARB. Mean age was 66 years, 83% were men, and 16% had heart failure (HF). Median exposure time was 40 months. Over the 5‐year follow‐up, 1623 MACE occurred. Impact of exposure was different for patients with and without HF (
P
<0.0001 for interaction). After probability‐weighting and adjustment for relevant covariates, exposure to ACEI/ARBs was associated with a lower hazard of MACE in patients with HF at 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.09–0.19]) and 5 years (hazard ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.30–0.44]). In patients without HF, ACEI/ARBs had a lower hazard of MACE at 1 year (hazard ratio, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.27–0.46]) and 5 years (hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.58–0.76]).

Conclusions
In this population‐based study, ACEI/ARBs were associated with a lower hazard of MACE in a cohort of patients post–coronary artery bypass graft surgery irrespective of HF status.
Artistic Resistance and Resilience in Sank, or the Patience of the Dead, by Aristide Tarnagda
Authors: Tiendrebeogo Pingdewindé Issiaka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Burkina Faso has faced a security crisis unlike any other in its history for the past eight years. The government has lost control of up to 35 % of the national territory, and there are as many as two million internally displaced persons living in the big cities. The emblematic figure of Thomas Sankara, Burkina Faso’s president from 1984 to 1987, has soared beyond the local image of the “upright man” (the ideal to which the very name “Burkina Faso” refers) to that of a globally recognised icon of resistance against imperialism. Theatre artists are inspired to create theatrical performances that “represent” (or “face up”) this great figure, as the recent edition of the Ouagadougou-based biannual theatre festival called Les Récréâtrales invited them to do. This paper emphasises theatre’s contribution to efforts of artistic resilience and resistance in Burkina Faso. It addresses the question: How do Burkinabè artists produce acts of artistic resilience through performance? In other words, does the staging proposed by the Burkinabè playwright Aristide Tarnagda carry the seeds of hope for a Burkina Faso entirely liberated from terrorism? The theory of communication developed by J.L. Austin in How to Do Things With Words (1962) and Anne Ubersfeld’s (1982) semiotic analysis theory provide the key critical concepts of this study.
Technological Developments and Change in Armed Forces Recruitment Systems
Authors: Karasu Şemsettin , Çokgezen Murat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The impact of technological changes in military technology on warfare, military organizations, and peace has been investigated by a number of researchers but only very few explicitly refer to the effects of technological changes on the military recruitment systems. With the aim of filling this gap, this study, based on previous studies examining war history and military technology, hypothesizes that long-running trends in military recruitment systems, from professional armies to conscription or the other way round, can be explained by the changes in military technology. We assert that as military technology changed, so too did the skills required for those technologies, and, in turn, those need by the recruitment system and therefore the system itself. Although changes in military technology may explain the long-term cycles, one should keep in mind that we need the other determinants discussed in the literature to understand why different countries switched from one military recruitment system to another at different times throughout the cycle. Further studies, simultaneously taking into account both the impact of the changes in military technology as well as other variables, would improve our understanding of the determinants of the changes in military recruitment systems.
The Role of Turbulence in an Intense Tropical Cyclone: Momentum Diffusion, Eddy Viscosities, and Mixing Lengths
Authors: Oguejiofor Chibueze N. , Bryan George H. , Rotunno Richard , Sullivan Peter P. , Richter David H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Improved representation of turbulent processes in numerical models of tropical cyclones (TCs) is expected to improve intensity forecasts. To this end, the authors use a large-eddy simulation (with 31-m horizontal grid spacing) of an idealized category 5 TC to understand the role of turbulent processes in the inner core of TCs and their role on the mean intensity. Azimuthally and temporally averaged budgets of the momentum fields show that TC turbulence acts to weaken the maximum tangential velocity, diminish the strength of radial inflow into the eye, and suppress the magnitude of the mean eyewall updraft. Turbulent flux divergences in both the vertical and radial directions are shown to influence the TC mean wind field, with the vertical being dominant in most of the inflowing boundary layer and the eyewall (analogous to traditional atmospheric boundary layer flows), while the radial becomes important only in the eyewall. The validity of the downgradient eddy viscosity hypothesis is largely confirmed for mean velocity fields, except in narrow regions which generally correspond to weak gradients of the mean fields, as well as a narrow region in the eye. This study also provides guidance for values of effective eddy viscosities and vertical mixing length in the most turbulent regions of intense TCs, which have rarely been measured observationally. A generalized formulation of effective eddy viscosity (including the Reynolds normal stresses) is presented.

Significance Statement
This study uses a turbulence-resolving simulation of a category 5 tropical cyclone to understand the role of turbulence in intense storms. Results show that turbulence clearly modulates storm structure and intensity. This study provides guidance for the values of turbulent quantities (which are usually parameterized in comparatively coarse operational TC forecast models) in scarcely observed regions of intense storms. Furthermore, a complete formulation of the effective eddy viscosities is proposed, incorporating contributions from typically ignored Reynolds normal stress terms.
Improving Hurricane Intensity and Streamflow Forecasts in Coupled Hydrometeorological Simulations by Analyzing Precipitation and Boundary Layer Schemes
Authors: Khondaker Md Murad Hossain , Momen Mostafa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hurricanes have been the most destructive and expensive hydrometeorological event in U.S. history, causing catastrophic winds and floods. Hurricane dynamics can significantly impact the amount and spatial extent of storm precipitation. However, the complex interactions of hurricane intensity and precipitation and the impacts of improving hurricane dynamics on streamflow forecasts are not well established yet. This paper addresses these gaps by comprehensively characterizing the role of vertical diffusion in improving hurricane intensity and streamflow forecasts under different planetary boundary layer, microphysics, and cumulus parameterizations. To this end, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model is coupled with the WRF hydrological (WRF-Hydro) model to simulate four major hurricanes landfalling in three hurricane-prone regions in the United States. First, a stepwise calibration is carried out in WRF-Hydro, which remarkably reduces streamflow forecast errors compared to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gauges. Then, 60 coupled hydrometeorological simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of current weather parameterizations. All schemes were shown to underestimate the observed intensity of the considered major hurricanes since their diffusion is overdissipative for hurricane flow simulations. By reducing the vertical diffusion, hurricane intensity forecasts were improved by ∼39.5% on average compared to the default models. These intensified hurricanes generated more intense and localized precipitation forcing. This enhancement in intensity led to ∼16% and ∼34% improvements in hurricane streamflow bias and correlation forecasts, respectively. The research underscores the role of improved hurricane dynamics in enhancing flood predictions and provides new insights into the impacts of vertical diffusion on hurricane intensity and streamflow forecasts.

Significance Statement
Despite significant recent improvements, numerical weather prediction models struggle to accurately forecast hurricane intensity and track due to many reasons such as inaccurate physical parameterization for hurricane flows. Furthermore, the performance of existing physics schemes is not well studied for hurricane flood forecasting. This study bridges these knowledge gaps by extensively evaluating different physical parameterizations for hurricane track, intensity, and flood forecasts using an atmospheric model coupled with a hydrological model. Then, a reduced diffusion boundary layer scheme is developed, making remarkable improvements in hurricane intensity forecasts due to the overdissipative nature of the considered schemes for major hurricane simulations. This reduced diffusion model is shown to significantly enhance hurricane flood forecasts, indicating the significance of hurricane dynamics on its induced precipitation.
Winter Storm Severity Index in Alaska: Understanding the Usefulness for Impact-Based Winter Weather Severity Forecast Information
Authors: Semmens Kathryn , Carr Rachel Hogan , Montz Burrell , Maxfield Keri , Tobin Dana M. , Kastman Joshua , Nelson James A. , Harnos Kirstin , Beetstra Margaret , Painter Patrick 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is growing interest in impact-based decision support services to address complex decision-making, especially for winter storm forecasting. Understanding users’ needs for winter storm forecast information is necessary to make such impact-based winter forecasts relevant and useful to the diverse regions affected. A mixed-method social science research study investigated extending the winter storm severity index (WSSI) [operational for the contiguous United States (CONUS)] to Alaska, with consideration of the distinct needs of Alaskan stakeholders and the Alaskan climate. Data availability differences suggest the need for an Alaska-specific WSSI, calling for user feedback to inform the direction of product modifications. Focus groups and surveys in six regions of Alaska provided information on how the WSSI components, definitions, and categorization of impacts could align with stakeholder expectations and led to recommendations for the Weather Prediction Center to consider in developing the WSSI Alaska product. Overall, wind (strength and direction) and precipitation are key components to include. Air travel is a critical concern requiring wind and visibility information, while road travel is less emphasized (contrasting with CONUS needs). Special Weather Statements and Winter Storm Warnings are highly valued, and storm trajectory and transition (between precipitation types) information are the important contexts for decision-makers. Alaska is accustomed to and prepared for winter impacts but being able to understand how components (wind, snow, and ice) contribute to overall impact enhances the ability to respond and mitigate damage effectively. The WSSI adapted for Alaska can help address regional forecast needs, particularly valuable as the climate changes and typical winter conditions become more variable.

Significance Statement
Impact-based support services can assist decision-makers in prioritizing preparedness and mitigation actions related to winter storm events. The winter storm severity index adapted for specific considerations in Alaska (such as including wind and visibility components) can extend winter weather impact-based forecasting’s utility. Additionally, lessons learned from the process of adapting a national product to specific regional needs may inform best practices for gathering stakeholder input and feedback.
Ride comfort improvement by back propagation-active disturbance rejection control in semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension of mining dump truck
Authors: Sun Anxin , Yu Chengcheng , Xie Fangwei , Gao Yonghua , Shi Xiuwei 
Published: June 2024

Rigorous model-based design and semi-active control for hydro-pneumatic suspension (HPS) of the mining dump truck play an important role in providing superior driving characteristics such as ride comfort. In this paper, the investigation is carried out on a new control algorithm of semi-active suspension systems, namely, back propagation-active disturbance rejection control (BP-ADRC), supporting the driving characteristic ride comfort, and the technique is adopted in accordance with the co-simulation of MATLAB/Simulink and ADAMS. Besides, the model and controller used in the study including the semi-active HPS model, multi-body dynamic model, three-dimensional road model, and BP-ADRC controller are described and the vehicle response results are discussed which are obtained at the velocity of 20, 30, and 40 km/h on the time ranging from 10 s to 50 s, respectively. The results show that compared to passive HPS, both ADRC and BP-ADRC semi-active HPS are able to reduce vibration acceleration significantly, of which BP-ADRC reduces more. The maximum reduction rates of the semi-active HPS can reach 20.27% and 18.81% under random and impulsive excitation, respectively. The data illustrate that the semi-active HPS based on BP-ADRC control can significantly improve the ride comfort of the mining dump truck.