bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaining from Rural Migrants: Migrant Employment Strategies and Socioeconomic Implications for Rural Labour Markets
Authors: Kasimis Charalambos , Papadopoulos Apostolos G. , Pappas Costas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNon‐agricultural employment is expanding in many rural areas in Greece, while the agricultural sector is the main employer in a great deal of rural areas. Local labour markets are diverse although dependence on family farming, small‐scale businesses, informal employment and tourist activities is constantly increasing. These developments have gradually reinforced the multifunctionality of rural areas and have brought about a demand for flexible labour power. Under these circumstances, the role of migrants has been fundamental for sustaining the multifunctional character of rural Greece, as they participate in every economic sector and their presence varies across sectors and geographical regions. Migrants should not only be conceived strictly as an agricultural labour force on the grounds that they seem to be highly mobile in rural areas. They should rather be considered more widely, as a rural labour force with multiple implications on Greek rural society and economy. The article is based on an empirical study carried out in three different localities in the Epirus region in northern Greece. On the basis of quantitative data, it analyses and interprets the multilateral, versatile impact of migrants on different rural localities. One major finding is that the contribution of migrants is crucial for the preservation of the multifunctional character of rural areas in Greece. However, migrant labour loses its collective identity by becoming increasingly individualised in its capacities, its employment conditions and its interests.
The Asymmetric Effect of Endowments on Vertical Intra‐industrial Trade
Authors: Milgram‐Baleix Juliette , Moro‐Egido Ana I. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract(1238) J. Milgram‐Baleix and Ana I. Moro‐EgidoThis paper investigates the determinants of vertical Spanish intra‐industry trade with developed and developing countries. We empirically test the comparative advantage explanation. To do so, we build physical, human and technological capital stocks. On average, when using OLS techniques, differences in endowments are a limitation for vertical intra‐industry trade. Using quantile regression techniques, we observe that this negative effect decreases in absolute terms as vertical intra‐industry trade flows increase and, in some cases, the impact becomes positive for the upper tails, thus supporting the view of a reduced version of the comparative advantage explanation. Our results provide interesting insights into Spain and emerging countries. A large part of Spanish trade already takes place on an inter‐industry basis or consists of exporting low quality products in exchange for similar products of a higher quality range, in particular with European countries but more surprisingly with emerging countries. Our study shows that high quality exports and horizontal intra‐industry trade are mainly driven by proximities of demand and technological capital while low quality exports share most determinants of inter‐industry trade.
Income Per Capita Inequality in China: The Role of Economic Geography and Spatial Interactions
Authors: Hering Laura , Poncet Sandra 
Published: May 2010

Abstract(1241) Laura Hering and Sandra PoncetThis paper contributes to the analysis of growing income inequality in China. We apply a structural model of economic geography to data on per capita income over 190 Chinese cities between 1995 and 2002, and evaluate the extent to which market proximity and spatial dependence can explain the growing income inequality between Chinese cities. The econometric specification explicitly incorporates spatial dependence in the form of spatially‐lagged per capita income. We show that the geography of market access and spatial dependence are significantly correlated with per capita income in China. Market access is particularly important in cities with smaller migration inflows, which is consistent with NEG theory, whereas spatially‐lagged per capita income matters more in cities with greater immigration. We conclude that the positive impact of spatially‐lagged income partly results from labour mobility between neighbours, so that spatial dependence reflects the influence of migration, knowledge transfers and increasing competition between cities.
P2X7 receptor activation induces CXCL2 production in microglia through NFAT and PKC/MAPK pathways
Authors: Shiratori Miho , Tozaki‐Saitoh Hidetoshi , Yoshitake Mai , Tsuda Makoto , Inoue Kazuhide 
Published: May 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 810–819.AbstractMicroglia plays an important role in many neurodegenerative conditions. ATP leaked or released by damaged cells triggers microglial activation through P2 receptors, and stimulates the release of oxygen radicals, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from activated microglia. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying ATP‐induced chemokine release from microglia. In this study, we found that a high concentration of ATP induces the mRNA expression and release of CXCL2 from microglia. A similar effect was observed following treatment of microglia with a P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) agonist, 2′‐and 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl) ATP, and this was inhibited by pre‐treatment with a P2X7R antagonist, Brilliant Blue G. ATP induced both activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK) through P2X7R. ATP‐induced mRNA expression of CXCL2 was inhibited by INCA‐6 (an NFAT inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), U0126 (a MEK‐ERK inhibitor) and JNK inhibitor II (a JNK inhibitor). However, MAPK inhibitors did not inhibit activation of NFAT. In addition, protein kinase C inhibitors suppressed ATP‐induced ERK and JNK activation, and also inhibited ATP‐induced CXCL2 expression in microglia. These results suggest that ATP increased CXCL2 production via both NFAT and protein kinase C/MAPK signaling pathways through P2X7 receptor stimulation in microglia.
Neurite‐like structures induced by mevalonate pathway blockade are due to the stability of cell adhesion foci and are enhanced by the presence of APP
Authors: Hughes Mary , Snetkov Vladimir , Rose Ruth‐Sarah , Trousil Sebastian , Mermoud Jacqueline E. , Dingwall Colin 
Published: May 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 832–842.AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown an association between statin use and a decreased risk of dementia. However, the mechanism by which this beneficial effect is brought about is unclear. In the context of Alzheimer’s disease, at least three possibilities have been studied; reduction in amyloid β peptide (Aβ) production, the promotion of α‐secretase cleavage and positive effects on neurite outgrowth. By investigating the effects of mevalonate pathway blockade on neurite outgrowth using real‐time imaging, we found that rather than promote the production of neurite extensions, inhibition rapidly induced cell rounding. Crucially, neurite‐like structures were generated through the persistence of cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesions and not through a mechanism of positive outgrowth. This effect can be strikingly enhanced by the over‐expression of human amyloid precursor protein and is isoprenoid rather than cholesterol dependent.
Characterization of AZD4694, a novel fluorinated Aβ plaque neuroimaging PET radioligand
Authors: Juréus Anders , Swahn Britt‐Marie , Sandell Johan , Jeppsson Fredrik , Johnson Allan E. , Johnström Peter , Neelissen Jan A. M. , Sunnemark Dan , Farde Lars , Svensson Samuel P. S. 
Published: May 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 784–794.AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) radioligands that bind selectively to β‐amyloid plaques (Aβ) are promising imaging tools aimed at supporting the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and the evaluation of new drugs aiming to modify amyloid plaque load. For extended clinical use, there is a particular need for PET tracers labeled with fluorine‐18, a radionuclide with 110 min half‐life allowing for central synthesis followed by wide distribution. The development of fluorinated radioligands is, however, challenging because of the lipophilic nature of aromatic fluorine, rendering fluorinated ligands more prone to have high non‐specific white matter binding. We have here developed the new benzofuran‐derived radioligand containing fluorine, AZD4694 that shows high affinity for β‐amyloid fibrils in vitro (Kd = 2.3 ± 0.3 nM). In cortical sections from human Alzheimer’s disease brain [3H]AZD4694 selectively labeled β‐amyloid deposits in gray matter, whereas there was a lower level of non‐displaceable binding in plaque devoid white matter. Administration of unlabeled AZD4694 to rat showed that it has a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with good PET radioligands, i.e., it quickly entered and rapidly cleared from normal rat brain tissue. Ex vivo binding data in aged Tg2576 mice after intravenous administration of [3H]AZD4694 showed selective binding to β‐amyloid deposits in a reversible manner. In Tg2576 mice, plaque bound [3H]AZD4694 could still be detected 80 min after i.v. administration. Taken together, the preclinical profile of AZD4694 suggests that fluorine‐18 labeled AZD4694 may have potential for PET‐visualization of cerebral β‐amyloid deposits in the living human brain.
Inflammatory hyperalgesia induces essential bioactive lipid production in the spinal cord
Authors: Buczynski Matthew W. , Svensson Camilla I. , Dumlao Darren S. , Fitzsimmons Bethany L. , Shim Jae‐Hang , Scherbart Thomas J. , Jacobsen Faith E. , Hua Xiao‐Ying , Yaksh Tony L. , Dennis Edward A. 
Published: May 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 981–993.AbstractLipid molecules play an important role in regulating the sensitivity of sensory neurons and enhancing pain perception, and growing evidence indicates that the effect occurs both at the site of injury and in the spinal cord. Using high‐throughput mass spectrometry methodology, we sought to determine the contribution of spinal bioactive lipid species to inflammation‐induced hyperalgesia in rats. Quantitative analysis of CSF and spinal cord tissue for eicosanoids, ethanolamides and fatty acids revealed the presence of 102 distinct lipid species. After induction of peripheral inflammation by intra‐plantar injection of carrageenan to the ipsilateral hind paw, lipid changes in cyclooxygenase (COX) and 12‐lipoxygenase (12‐LOX) signaling pathways peaked at 4 h in the CSF. In contrast, changes occurred in a temporally disparate manner in the spinal cord with LOX‐derived hepoxilins followed by COX‐derived prostaglandin E2, and subsequently the ethanolamine anandamide. Systemic treatment with the mu opioid agonist morphine, the COX inhibitor ketorolac, or the LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid significantly reduced tactile allodynia, while their effects on the lipid metabolites were different. Morphine did not alter the lipid profile in the presence or absence of carrageenan inflammation. Ketorolac caused a global reduction in eicosanoid metabolism in naïve animals that remained suppressed following injection of carrageenan. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid‐treated animals also displayed reduced basal levels of COX and 12‐LOX metabolites, but only 12‐LOX metabolites remained decreased after carrageenan treatment. These findings suggest that both COX and 12‐LOX play an important role in the induction of carrageenan‐mediated hyperalgesia through these pathways.
Metamorphic P–T profile and P–T path discontinuity across the far‐eastern Nepal Himalaya: investigation of channel flow models
Authors: IMAYAMA T. , TAKESHITA T. , ARITA K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThermobarometric data and compositional zoning of garnet show the discontinuities of both metamorphic pressure conditions at peak‐T and P–T paths across the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which juxtaposes the high‐grade Higher Himalayan Crystalline Sequences (HHCS) over the low‐grade Lesser Himalaya Sequences (LHS) in far‐eastern Nepal. Maximum recorded pressure conditions occur just above the MCT (∼11 kbar), and decrease southward to ∼6 kbar in the garnet zone and northward to ∼7 kbar in the kyanite ± staurolite zone. The inferred nearly isothermal loading path for the LHS in the staurolite zone may have resulted from the underthrusting of the LHS beneath the HHCS. In contrast, the increasing temperature path during both loading and decompression (i.e. clockwise path) from the lowermost HHCS in the staurolite to kyanite ± staurolite transitional zone indicates that the rocks were fairly rapidly buried and exhumed. Exhumation of the lowermost HHCS from deeper crustal depths than the flanking regions, recording a high field pressure gradient (∼1.2–1.6 kbar km−1) near the MCT, is perhaps caused by ductile extrusion along the MCT, not the emplacement along a single thrust, resulting in the P–T path discontinuities. These observations are consistent with the overall scheme of the model of channel flow, in which the outward flowing ‘HHCS’ and inward flowing ‘LHS’ are juxtaposed against each other and are rapidly extruded together along the ‘MCT’. A rapid exhumation by channel flow in this area is also suggested by a nearly isothermal decompression path inferred from cordierite corona surrounding garnet in gneiss of the upper HHCS. However, peak metamorphic temperatures show a progressive increase of temperature structurally upward (∼570–740 °C) near the MCT and roughly isothermal conditions (∼710–810 °C) in the upper structural levels of the HHCS. The observed field temperature gradient is much lower than those predicted in channel flow models. However, the discrepancy could be resolved by taking into account heat advection by melt and/or fluid migration, as these can produce low or nearly no field temperature gradient in the exhumed midcrust, as observed in nature.
A Probabilistic Computational Model of Cross‐Situational Word Learning
Authors: Fazly Afsaneh , Alishahi Afra , Stevenson Suzanne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWords are the essence of communication: They are the building blocks of any language. Learning the meaning of words is thus one of the most important aspects of language acquisition: Children must first learn words before they can combine them into complex utterances. Many theories have been developed to explain the impressive efficiency of young children in acquiring the vocabulary of their language, as well as the developmental patterns observed in the course of lexical acquisition. A major source of disagreement among the different theories is whether children are equipped with special mechanisms and biases for word learning, or their general cognitive abilities are adequate for the task. We present a novel computational model of early word learning to shed light on the mechanisms that might be at work in this process. The model learns word meanings as probabilistic associations between words and semantic elements, using an incremental and probabilistic learning mechanism, and drawing only on general cognitive abilities. The results presented here demonstrate that much about word meanings can be learned from naturally occurring child‐directed utterances (paired with meaning representations), without using any special biases or constraints, and without any explicit developmental changes in the underlying learning mechanism. Furthermore, our model provides explanations for the occasionally contradictory child experimental data, and offers predictions for the behavior of young word learners in novel situations.
Prehospital Ultrasound by Paramedics: Results of Field Trial
Authors: Heegaard William , Hildebrandt David , Spear David , Chason Kevin , Nelson Bret , Ho Jeffrey 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective was to determine if 9‐1‐1 paramedics trained in ultrasound (US) could adequately perform and interpret the Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma (FAST) and the abdominal aortic (AA) exams in the prehospital care environment.Methods:  Paramedics at two emergency medical services (EMS) agencies received a 6‐hour training program in US with ongoing refresher education. Paramedics collected US in the field using a prospective convenience methodology. All US were performed in the ambulance without scene delay. US exams were reviewed in a blinded fashion by an emergency sonographer physician overreader (PO).Results:  A total of 104 patients had an US performed between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2009. Twenty AA exams were performed and all were interpreted as negative by the paramedics and the PO. Paramedics were unable to obtain adequate images in 7.7% (8/104) of the patients. Eighty‐four patients had the FAST exam performed. Six exams (6/84, 7.1%) were read as positive for free intraperitoneal/pericardial fluid by both the paramedics and the PO. FAST and AA US exam interpretation by the paramedics had a 100% proportion of agreement with the PO.Conclusions:  This pilot study shows that with close supervision, paramedics can adequately obtain and interpret prehospital FAST and AA US images under protocol. These results support a growing body of literature that indicates US may be feasible and useful in the prehospital setting.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:624–630 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Intracardiac injection of matrigel induces stem cell recruitment and improves cardiac functions in a rat myocardial infarction model
Authors: Ou Lailiang , Li Wenzhong , Zhang Yue , Wang Weiwei , Liu Jun , Sorg Heiko , Furlani Dario , Gäbel Ralf , Mark Peter , Klopsch Christian , Wang Liang , Lützow Karola , Lendlein Andreas , Wagner Klaus , Klee Doris , Liebold Andreas , Li Ren‐Ke , Kong Deling , Steinhoff Gustav , Ma Nan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMatrigel promotes angiogenesis in the myocardium from ischemic injury and prevents remodelling of the left ventricle. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy of intracardiac matrigel injection and matrigel‐mediated stem cell homing in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. Following MI, matrigel (250 μl) or phosphate‐buffered solution (PBS) was delivered by intracardiac injection. Compared to the MI control group (MI‐PBS), matrigel significantly improved left ventricular function (n= 11, P < 0.05) assessed by pressure–volume loops after 4 weeks. There is no significant difference in infarct size between MI‐matrigel (MI‐M; 21.48 ± 1.49%, n= 10) and MI‐PBS hearts (20.98 ± 1.25%, n= 10). The infarct wall thickness of left ventricle is significantly higher (P < 0.01) in MI‐M (0.72 ± 0.02 mm, n= 10) compared with MI‐PBS (0.62 ± 0.02 mm, n= 10). MI‐M hearts exhibited higher capillary density (border 130.8 ± 4.7 versus 115.4 ± 6.0, P < 0.05; vessels per high‐power field [HPF; 400×], n= 6) than MI‐PBS hearts. c‐Kit+ stem cells (38.3 ± 5.3 versus 25.7 ± 1.5 c‐Kit+ cells per HPF [630×], n= 5, P < 0.05) and CD34+ cells (13.0 ± 1.51 versus 5.6 ± 0.68 CD34+ cells per HPF [630×], n= 5, P < 0.01) were significantly more numerous in MI‐M than in MI‐PBS in the infarcted hearts (n= 5, P < 0.05). Intracardiac matrigel injection restores myocardial functions following MI, which may attribute to the improved recruitment of CD34+ and c‐Kit+ stem cells.
A double‐blind randomized‐controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice
Authors: Orsini Giovanna , Procaccini Maurizio , Manzoli Lamberto , Giuliodori Francesca , Lorenzini Alessandro , Putignano Angelo 
Published: May 2010

Orsini G, Procaccini M, Manzoli L, Giuliodori F, Lorenzini A, Putignano A. A double‐blind randomized‐controlled trial comparing the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice containing carbonate/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate dentifrice. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 510–517. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01558.x.AbstractBackground and Aim: Several dentifrices have shown to be effective in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (DH), but more effective products are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the desensitizing efficacy of a new dentifrice based on zinc–carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA) nanocrystals.Methods and Materials: Using a double‐blind, randomized design, the new dentifrice was compared with potassium nitrate/fluoride dentifrice (active control). The participant's DH was evaluated at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks using airblast (primary outcome), tactile, cold water and subjective tests (secondary outcomes).Results: The final sample consisted of 70 subjects with baseline DH; 36 received the new dentifrice and 34 the control one. Both dentifrices were largely effective; the percentage of score reduction from baseline to 8 weeks was greater than 28% for all tests (and greater than 55% for the cold water test) in both groups. As compared with controls, experimental subjects had a significantly greater improvement in the airblast test score (mean percentage of reduction of 46.0%versus 29.4% in controls) and the subjective test score (47.5%versus 28.1%, respectively), with both differences already being significant after 4 weeks. In contrast, there was no significant difference between groups for either the tactile or cold water tests at any time point and with any outcome.Conclusions: This study documented that the new dentifrice containing zinc–CHA nanocrystals significantly reduced dentinal hypersensitivity after 4 and 8 weeks, supporting its utility in clinical practice.
Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and periodontitis: a cross‐sectional study in a middle‐aged French population
Authors: Benguigui Catherine , Bongard Vanina , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Chamontin Bernard , Sixou Michel , Ferrières Jean , Amar Jacques 
Published: May 2010

Benguigui C, Bongard V, Ruidavets J‐B, Chamontin B, Sixou M, Ferrières J, Amar J. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and periodontitis: a cross‐sectional study in a middle‐aged French population. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 601–608. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01571.x.AbstractAim: Metabolic syndrome consists of a cluster of clinical and biological abnormalities, influenced by insulin resistance and promoting cardiovascular diseases. We examined the relationships between metabolic syndrome, its various components, insulin resistance, and periodontitis.Materials and Methods: The study included 276 subjects (35–74 years) recruited within a cross‐sectional survey on cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty‐one were excluded because of infectious risk or total tooth loss. Clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PD), gingival and plaque indexes were recorded. Periodontitis was classified into moderate and severe forms.Results: The mean age was 58, 41% of the subjects had moderate and 39% had severe periodontitis. In univariate comparisons, periodontitis was associated with metabolic syndrome (p=0.050), most of its components, and HOMA index (homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). After adjustment for confounders, only HOMA index remained associated with severe periodontitis (odds ratio [OR]=3.97 [95% confidence interval: 1.22–12.9], OR=3.78 [1.14–12.5] for third and fourth versus the first quartile of the HOMA index, respectively). The HOMA index was also associated with the number of periodontal sites with CAL4 mm, CAL5 mm, or PD4 mm (greater number for higher HOMA‐index values). This relationship disappeared in never‐smokers.Conclusions: Our data support the relationships between metabolic disturbances and periodontitis, with a central role of insulin resistance.