bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐field electroretinograms in individuals with the Laurence‐Moon‐Bardet‐Biedl syndrome
Authors: Riise Ruth , Andréasson Sten , Tornqvist Krishna 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Purpose: To evaluate rod and cone function in individuals with the Laurence‐Moon‐Bardet‐Biedl syndrome.Methods: We obtained full‐field electroretinograms in 36 patients. If responses less than 10 μV were recorded with single white flashes a special technique with narrow band filter and computer averaging was used.Results: No rod responses to dim blue light could be obtained in any of the patients. Residual cone flicker responses were measurable in 28 of the individuals. Those with amplitudes < 0.05 μV were significantly older than those with amplitudes > 1.00 μV. The ERG pattern was consistent within affected pairs of siblings in 8 families.Conclusion: The retinal dystrophy in Laurence‐Moon‐Bardet‐Biedl syndrome is primarily a rod‐cone dystrophy, but even cone flicker amplitudes are severely reduced with further progression with age. There is no intrafamilial variability of the electroretinograms in affected siblings.
Long‐term results of macular pucker surgery
Authors: Crafoord Sven , Jemt Maria , Carlsson Jan‐Olof , Stenkula Staffan , Shanks Guy 
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Purpose: Macular pucker patients were re‐examined 16–90 months after surgery (mean 72 months) to evaluate visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and complications, with particular reference to cataract development. Surgery had been performed on 48 eyes in 46 patients, 31 eyes having a primary, and 17 eyes a secondary macular pucker.Results: At the 6‐month control 65% of the eyes with a primary macular pucker and 35% of the eyes with a secondary macular pucker exhibited an improved visual acuity defined as doubling or more of the visual angle. At the last control 57% of the primary group and 33% of the secondary group had a visual acuity which still exceeded the preoperative value. At the final examination a cataract progression was observed in 22/28 (79%) of the primary group and 8/14 (57%) of the secondary group. In the primary group 11% and in the secondary group 36% of the eyes suffered a retinal detachment. All cases were successfully treated and none were followed by visual deterioration.Conclusion: The improvement in visual quality after macular pucker surgery appears to be long‐standing, if not permanent, especially in primary cases. In those eyes in which a decrease in visual acuity is observed, the most frequent cause is cataract development.
Effects of constant and flickering light on retinal metabolism in rabbits
Authors: Wang Lin , Bill Anders 
Published: May 2009

Abstract.Purpose: To characterize the glucose metabolism in the rabbit retina.Methods: An artery and a vortex vein were cannulated. Arteriovenous differences in oxygen, lactate and glucose concentrations, and blood flow were determined during either 1) darkness and light, or 2) light and 4 Hz flickering light.Results: In darkness, oxygen consumption, glucose consumption, and lactate formation were 0.122 ± 0.014, 0.204 ± 0.015 and 0.160 ± 0.023 μmol/min (mean ± SE), respectively. Constant light reduced oxygen consumption insignificantly, and had no effect on glucose consumption. Hyperoxia did not affect the lactate formation. Flickering light increased the glucose consumption and lactate formation by 15–20%.Conclusions: In rabbits, 10% of the glucose consumed is oxidized, 40–50% is metabolized to lactate and the rest is used for other purposes. The glycolysis is primarily aerobic. Flickering light increases the glucose metabolism, constant light having little effect.
The role of nitric oxide in hyperaemic response to flicker in the retina and optic nerve in cats
Authors: Kondo Mitsuhiro , Wang Lin , Bill Anders 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurpose: To elucidate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the eye and the flicker‐induced vascular response.Methods: The blood flow in the retina and different parts of the optic nerve was compared in cats treated with the NO‐synthase blocker, NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester and in control animals. In both groups, one of the eyes was dark‐adapted, the other was subjected to 8 Hz flickering light. The regional blood flow was measured with the microsphere method.Results: In control animals, flickering light increased blood flow in the retina and optic nerve head by 39% and 256%, respectively. Pretreatment with NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester prevented this increase in retinal blood flow and markedly reduced the blood flow in the optic nerve heads.Conclusion: NO release may mediate much of the vasodilating effect of flicker in cats, and play a role in maintaining normal vascular tone in the optic nerve head.
Is insertion torque correlated to bone–implant contact percentage in the early healing period? A histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of 17 human‐retrieved dental implants
Authors: Degidi Marco , Perrotti Vittoria , Strocchi Rita , Piattelli Adriano , Iezzi Giovanna 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective: A precise and scientifically established method for the evaluation of the bone quality/primary stability is the measure of the insertion torque (IT). The aim of this study was a comparison between the IT values and the bone–implant contact percentage (BIC) of human implants retrieved after a 4/8‐week healing period.Materials: Seventeen implants, all with a sandblasted and acid‐etched surface, were evaluated in the present study.Methods: The implants had been retrieved for different causes, after 4/8 weeks, with a 5 mm trephine bur, and immersed in 10% buffered formalin to be processed for histology.Results: A not statistically significant correlation was found between IT and BIC (P≤0.892).Conclusions: In the present study on human‐retrieved implants, no statistically significant correlation was found between the IT values and BIC. These results could be due to a lack of relationship between bone structure and IT, or to the fact that primary stability may not only be influenced by bone volumetrical density and/or bone trabecular connectivity but also by the thickness and density of the cortical layer. Moreover, the present knowledge of the bone microstructure is not enough to explain the relationship of bone quality and primary implant stability.
Randomized‐controlled clinical trial of customized zirconia and titanium implant abutments for single‐tooth implants in canine and posterior regions: 3‐year results
Authors: Zembic Anja , Sailer Irena , Jung Ronald Ernst , Hämmerle Christoph Hans Franz 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim was to test whether or not zirconia abutments exhibit the same survival and technical/biological outcome as titanium abutments.Material and methods: Twenty‐two patients receiving 40 single‐tooth implants in canine and posterior regions were included. The implant sites were randomly assigned to 20 zirconia and 20 titanium abutments. All‐ceramic and metal–ceramic crowns were fabricated. At baseline, 6, 12 and 36 months, the reconstructions were examined for technical and biological problems. Probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque control record (PCR) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed at abutments (test) and analogous contralateral teeth (control). Standardized radiographs of the implants were made and the bone level (BL) was measured referring to the implant shoulder on mesial (mBL) and distal sides (dBL). The difference of color (ΔE) of the peri‐implant mucosa and the gingiva of control teeth was assessed with a spectrophotometer. The data were statistically analyzed with Mann–Whitney Rank and Student's unpaired t‐tests.Results: Eighteen patients with 18 zirconia and 10 titanium abutments were examined at a mean follow‐up of 36 months (range 31.5–53.3 months). No fracture of an abutment or loss of a reconstruction was found. Hence, both exhibited 100% survival. At two metal–ceramic crowns supported by titanium abutments chipping of the veneering ceramic occurred. No difference of the biological outcome of zirconia and titanium abutments was observed: PPD ( 3.2 ± 1 mm, mPPDTi 3.4 ± 0.5 mm), PCR ( 0.1 ± 0.2, mPCRTi 0.1 ± 0.2) and BOP ( 0.4 ± 0.4, mBOPTi 0.2 ± 0.3). Furthermore, the BL was similar at implants supporting zirconia and titanium abutments ( 1.7 ± 1, 1.6 ± 1; mBLTi 2 ± 1, dBLTi 2.1 ± 1). Both, zirconia and titanium abutments induced a similar amount of discoloration of the mucosa compared with the gingiva at natural teeth ( 9.3 ± 3.8, ΔETi 6.8 ± 3.8).Conclusions: At 3 years, zirconia and titanium abutments exhibited same survival and technical, biological and esthetical outcomes.
Phase II study of irinotecan in combination with capecitabine as a first‐line chemotherapy in Asian patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: MOK Tony , YANG Tsai‐Shen , CHAO Yee , WANG Cheng‐Hsu , LIU Mei‐Ching , KANG Yoon Koo , KANG Won Ki , KIM Jun Suk , WANG Yajie , LEUNG Thomas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly fatal malignancies in Asia but treatment options are limited.Methods:  This multinational, nonrandomized phase II trial using the combination of irinotecan (Campto or CPT‐11) and capecitabine (Xeloda) was conducted to determine efficacy and safety of this combination in Asian patients with advanced inoperable HCC. The starting dose was irinotecan 200 mg/m2 every 3 weeks followed by capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily for 14 days followed by a 7‐day rest. The primary endpoint was tumor response rate, based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria. Secondary objectives included the safety and tolerability of the treatment combination, time to progression, duration of overall response, tumor growth control rate (complete response, partial response plus stable disease) and overall survival.Results:  Of the 63 recruited patients, 47 were evaluable. Of these, three (6.4%) achieved a partial response (lasting 2.2, 3.4 and 8.0 months, respectively). The median overall survival was 4.5 months. Grade 4 diarrhea was reported in four patients. Hematologic grade 4 laboratory abnormalities observed in patients while on study treatment included neutropenia (5.2%) and anemia (1.7%). Seven patients (12.1%) had grade 4 elevations in their total bilirubin. Both irinotecan and capecitabine were generally well tolerated, with manageable and reversible toxicities.Conclusion:  Combination therapy with irinotecan and capecitabine has limited efficacy in the treatment of advanced‐stage HCC. Further investigation of this combination is not warranted.
Safety and tolerability of FOLFOX4 in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer in Asian patients: The MASCOT study
Authors: LEE Po‐Huang , PARK Young‐Suk , JI Jia‐Fu , FU Yiu‐Tung , RATANATHARATHORN Vorachai 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAims:  The MOSAIC trial showed that FOLFOX4 improves overall survival as compared to 5‐FU/LV and is feasible and safe in early stage colon cancer patients worldwide. Based on these positive results, the present study MASCOT (Multicenter Asia Study in adjuvant treatment of Colon cancer with Oxalipla Tin/5‐FU/LV), aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of FOLFOX4 in postoperative adjuvant treatment of colon cancer in Asian patients.Methods:  In this open‐label, non‐randomized, single arm feasibility study, stage II/III colon cancer patients who had undergone complete resection of a primary tumor were treated using the FOLFOX4 regimen (2 weeks/cycle, 12 cycles) and followed up for 12 months.Results:  A total of 159 patients (28.3% stage II and 71.7% stage III) from 17 hospitals in five Asian countries were included in the study. Overall 130 (81.8%) patients completed all 12 planned treatment cycles. There were 60% and 11% patients who experienced ≥ grade 3 pre‐listed and non pre‐listed toxicities, respectively. The incidences of grade 3 and 4 neuropathy were 5.7% and 0%, respectively. A total of 25 serious adverse events (SAE) were experienced by 21 (13%) patients, with one life‐threatening SAE. At 12 months follow‐up two patients were known to be dead due to disease relapse or recurrence.Conclusion:  The MASCOT study demonstrates a favorable safety profile of FOLFOX4 in Asian patients. Based on these results and the safety and efficacy results from MOSAIC, FOLFOX4 may be considered a standard for the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer in the Asian population.
Gefitinib‐induced autologous antitumor immunity
Authors: KANAZAWA Shigenori , KINOSHITA Yoshimi , YAMAGUCHI Kazuyuki , NOMURA Shosaku 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim:  We previously reported that thromboxane (TX) B2, p‐selectin, and the cytokine that is regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) were elevated in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gefitinib. It is reported that macrophages are activated by platelets. We hypothesized that macrophages were activated in patients medicated with gefitinib, and we measured their plasma macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1 beta.Methods:  Patients with NSCLC not curable by surgery were entered in the study and received gefitinib at a dose of 250 mg/day over a period of two weeks. Blood samples were drawn before and after administration and MIP‐1 beta was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  A total of 28 patients, 42–82‐years of age (median, 67); 16 men and 12 women, were the subjects of the study: 21 had adenocarcinomas and seven squamous cancers. Partial response to gefitinib occurred in 11 patients, 12 had stable disease and five had progressive disease. The mean serum level of MIP‐1 beta in the 28 evaluable patients increased significantly after gefitinib medication for 1 and 2 weeks from a baseline of 101 ± 19 pg/mL to 139 ± 25 pg/mL at one week (P < 0.05) and 131 ± 29 pg/mL at 2 weeks (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Immunological markers related to activated platelets including MIP‐1 beta as well as thromboxane A2 p‐selectin and RANTES, are elevated in patients undergoing therapy with gefitinib. We speculate that gefitinib has a potential autologous immunological anti‐tumor activity.
Staphylococcus Protein A‐based Extracorporeal Immunoadsorption and Thalidomide in the Treatment of Skin Manifestation of Dermatomyositis: A Case Report
Authors: Sebastiani Marco , Puccini Rodolfo , Manfredi Andreina , Manni Elisabetta , Colaci Michele , Mattei Paola , Barachini Paolo , Ferri Clodoveo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCutaneous involvement in dermatomyositis can be the prevalent component of disease, failing to respond to adequate therapies for myositis. In this case report, we describe a patient affected by dermatomyositis, characterized by prevalent skin involvement, successfully treated with Staphilococcus protein A‐based extracorporeal immunoadsorption (Immunosorba, Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA, Bad Homburg, Germany) and thalidomide. The patient showed panniculitic ulcerative lesions of the skin, difficult to treat because of side effects or ineffectiveness of various therapies. Skin manifestations rapidly improved after introduction of immunoadsorption; The association of thalidomide allowed a good maintenance of these results until the remission of skin lesions, despite several infective complications of some residual ulcers. Considering the difficulties in the management of our patient, combined therapy with Immunosorba and thalidomide has allowed a good clinical response. If confirmed, the observed beneficial effects suggest that protein A‐based immunoadsorption and thalidomide can represent an alternative option in dermatomyositis, especially when cutaneous manifestations are predominant.
cdpop: A spatially explicit cost distance population genetics program
Authors: LANDGUTH ERIN L. , CUSHMAN S. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSpatially explicit simulation of gene flow in complex landscapes is essential to explain observed population responses and provide a foundation for landscape genetics. To address this need, we wrote a spatially explicit, individual‐based population genetics model (cdpop). The model implements individual‐based population modelling with Mendelian inheritance and k‐allele mutation on a resistant landscape. The model simulates changes in population and genotypes through time as functions of individual based movement, reproduction, mortality and dispersal on a continuous cost surface. This model will be a valuable tool for the study of landscape genetics by increasing our understanding about the effects of life history, vagility and differential models of landscape resistance on the genetic structure of populations in complex landscapes.
ZUR FRAGE DER MECHANIK DER TRÄNENABLEITUNG
Authors: ROSENGREN BENGT 
Published: May 2009

Zusammenfassung.Die Tränenableitung ist an eine aktive Funktion der Tränenwege geknüpft. Durch die physikalischen Kräfte allein kann in der Regel keine Passage erfolgen. Die aktive Funktion ist den Tränenröhrchen zugeordnet, die während der Lidschläge komprimiert und zwischen den Lid‐Schlägen erweitert werden. Hierdurch entsteht eine Pumpwirkung, wodurch die Flüssigkeit in die Tränenwege hinab‐gepresst wird. Das Rückströmen der Flüssigkeit während der Tränenröhrchenkompression wird durch den während des Lidschlags gesteigerten Druck im Konjunktivalsack verhindert.
ZUR FRAGE DER MENSCHLICHEN REFRAKTIONS‐KURVE
Authors: Rosengren Bengt 
Published: May 2009

Zusammenfassung.

Die menschliche Refraktionskurve ist eine Resultante sowohl der eigenen Verteilung der optischen Konstanten als auch der Art, auf welche diese in der Refraktion kombiniert sind. Auf Grund dieser Kombination ist auch unter der Voraussetzung einer normalen Verteilung der optischen Konstanten eine normale Verteilung der Gesamtrefraktion nicht zu erwarten.
Die Verteilung der Gesamtrefraktion an und für sich erlaubt daher in keiner Hinsicht Schlussfolgerungen betreffs der Entstehung der verschiedenen Refraktionszustände, und auch ein Studium der Verteilung der optischen Konstanten macht es nicht möglich, betreffs ihrer Gestaltung durch Vererbungs oder Umweltfaktoren direkte Schlüsse zu folgern. Die Versuche Steigers, das Refraktionsproblem zu lösen, müssen demnach als hinfällig betrachtet werden.
Weitére Untersuchungen der Verteilung der optischen Konstanten sind indes von Interesse, da durch sie eine nähere Analyse der Refraktionskurve ermöglicht wird. Sollte es sich dabei zeigen, dass Abweichungen bei den optischen Konstanten — namentlich sind solche bei der Achsenlänge anzunehmen — die wesentliche Ursache des eigenartigen Verlaufs der Refraktionskurve sind, so kann man dazu übergehen, mit Hilfe der Refraktionskurve direkt die Heterogenität der Refraktion zu analysieren zu suchen, und zwar in erster Linie durch Familienstatistische Untersuchungen.
Es werden schliesslich in anderem Zusammenhang ausgeführte Untersuchungen über die Verteilung der Kammertiefe angeführt, die wie die Hornhautrefraktion einen nahen Anschluss an die Normalkurve zeigt.
STUDIEN ÜBER EINSEITIGE, HOCHGRADIGE MYOPIE
Authors: Granström K. O. 
Published: May 2009

Zusammenfassung.Verf. berichtet über eine nähere Untersuchung von 50 Fällen mit einseitiger hochgradiger Myopie (wenigstens 5 Dptr.). Obgleich die Anzahl der Fälle nicht eben gross ist, dürften doch mit recht grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit folgende Schlüsse gezogen werden können.Die Hornhautkrümmung am myopischen und nicht myopischen Auge ist in der Regel sehr übereinstimmend. Ein grösserer Hornhautastigmatismus nach der Regel, als der normalerweise vorkommende sogen. physiologische Hornhautastigmatismus, kommt am myopischen Auge bedeutend häufiger vor als am nicht myopischen.Der intraokuläre Druck ist im allgemeinen auf beiden Augen ungefähr gleich. Bei einer Anzahl von Fällen ist der Druck am myopischen Auge etwas geringer, und nur in Ausnahmefällen ist er an diesem Auge etwas höher.Maculae corneae kommen am myopischen Auge öfter oder ausgesprochener vor als am nicht myopischen. Ob diese Maculae die Myopie verursachten, oder ob das myope (oder zu Myopie disponierte) Auge für Krankheiten, die Maculae hervorrufen, empfänglicher war, lässt sich nicht entscheiden.Gewöhnliche myopische Augenhintergundveränderungen kommen in der Regel am myopischen Auge vor und fehlen am nicht myopischen.Strabismus divergens ist am myopischen Auge ziemlich oft zu beobachten.Augenfälligere Grade von Gesichtsasymmetrie scheinen bei hochgradiger einseitiger Myopie nicht häufig zu sein.Nennenswerte Anisokorie kommt nicht vor.
ZUR KENNTNIS DER KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA II
Authors: Sjögren Henrik 
Published: May 2009

Zusammenfassung.Wenn ich nun die Resultate meiner bisherigen Untersuchun‐gen, wie sie in meinen Arbeiten über Keratoconjunctivitis sicca dargelegt sind, zusammenfasse, so ergibt sich folgendes:Die voll entwickelte Keratokonjunctivitis sicca zeigt ein von anderen Keratitis‐ und Konjunktivitisformen gut abgegrenztes Krankheitsbild. Sie ist jedoch nicht als eine selbständige Augenkrankheit anzusehen, sondern ist ein lokales Symptom einer Allgemeinerkrankung, zu der das weibliche Geschlecht mehr neigt als das männliche.Das Hauptsymptom dieser Krankheit ist Herabsetzung oder Aufhebung der Sekretion der Tränen‐ und Speicheldrüsen sowie der Drüsen der oberen Luftwege.Die Herabsetzung der Sekretion ist durch eine chronische Drüsenentzündung verursacht, die zu Atrophie und vollständi‐ger Sklerosierung des Drüsenparenchyms führt. Diese Drüsen‐krankheit kann alle die obengenannten Drüsen bei dem‐selben Menschen angreifen oder —‐ was am häufigsten vor‐kommt —‐ auf vereinzelte Drüsengruppen beschränkt sein.Die Herabsetzung der Sekretion führt zu krankhaften Ver‐änderungen der normalerweise durch, das Drüsensekret be‐feuchteten Schleimhaut. Bei der Keratokonjunctivitis sicca ist nachgewiesen, dass diese Veränderungen mikroskopisch in chronischem Ödem mit umwandlung und Atrophie des Epithels bestehen. Je nachdem welche Drüsen angegriffen werden, ent‐stehen verschiedene Krankheitsbilder: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca — Xerostomie — Rhinitis sicca — Pharyngitis sicca —Laryngitis sicca.Senkungsreaktion, Blutbild, Körpertemperatur und Glyko‐sebelastungsprobe weisen die typischen Veränderungen einer chronischen lnfektion auf.Auffallend oft findet man bei diesen Patienten Arthritis von chronischem infektiösem Typus.Nicht selten kann man bei ihnen auch fokale lnfektions‐herde nachweisen.Aus dem oben Angeführten geht hervor, dass wir hier einen Symptomenkomplex vor uns haben, dessen Grundsymp‐tom eine aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach auf dem Blutwege ent‐standene, infektiös bedingte Drüsenerkrankung ist, die ihren Sitz in den Tränen‐ und Speicheldrüsen sowie den Drüsen der oberen Luftwege hat.In wieweit auch noch andere Drüsengruppen angegriffen sein können, bleibt der weiteren Forschung vorbehalten klar‐zulegen.In wieweit direkte Ansiedlung von Bakterien in den Drü‐sen und den Gelenken, inwieweit toxische Wirkungen und in‐wieweit auch allegisch‐ anaphylaktische Vorgänge von Seiten der Drüsen und Gelenke an dem Zustandekommen des klini‐schen Krankheitsbildes beteiligt sind, und inwieweit die nicht selten vorkommenden fokalen Infektionsherde von ätiologischer Bedeutung sind, soll hier nicht erörtert werden, zumal wir nichts Sicheres darüber wissen.Inwieweit hier auch endokrine Störungen vorliegen und zur Entstehung des Krankheitsbildes beitragen können, lässt sich gegenwärtig nicht entscheiden.