bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiobjective planning model for intercity train seat allocation
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hern , Yeh Chung‐Hsing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a multiobjective planning model for generating optimal train seat allocation plans on an intercity rail line serving passengers with many‐to‐many origin‐destination pairs. Two planning objectives of the model are to maximise the operator's total passenger revenue and to minimise the passenger's total discomfort level. For a given set of travel demand, train capacity, and train stop‐schedules, the model is solved by fuzzy mathematical programming to generate a best‐compromise train seat allocation plan. The plan determines how many reserved and non‐reserved seats are to be allocated at each origin station for all subsequent destination stations on each train run operated within a specified operating period. An empirical study on the to‐be‐built Taiwan's high‐speed rail system is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The model can be used for any setting of travel demand and stop‐schedules with various train seating capacities.
Updating free speed models through mechanistic principles for Indian conditions
Authors: Madhu Errampalli , Reddy T. S. , Madhu S. Velmurugan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe prediction of free speeds of vehicles is an integral part of the economic appraisal of highways. It is to be noted that speeds not only govern the travel time costs, but also have major impacts on Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC). The World Bank has proposed a mechanistic free speed model based on the limiting speed concept for Highway Design and Maintenance (HDM)‐III. This model along with some refinements has been included in HDM‐4. The underlying assumption in the HDM free speed prediction model is that the free speed at any given point of time is the minimum of possible constraining speeds. This paper mainly addresses the methodology considered to update the free speed models through mechanistic principles (based on HDM‐4). This is accomplished by calibration of the model using the current data on free speeds, road and vehicle characteristics. Subsequently, the validation of the developed models has been carried out.
Effect of variable message signs on driver speed behavior on a section of expressway under adverse fog conditions—A driving simulator approach
Authors: Kolisetty V. Ganesh Babu , Iryo Takamasa , Asakura Yasuo , Kuroda Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVariable message signs (VMS) are used to provide dynamic information and one current application is to show different speed limits under different conditions. As speed is an important contributor to road accidents and also affects driver speed behavior, the present study focuses on how effective traffic advisory information is when helping drivers to divert from potentially dangerous conditions. Graphical representation of an Expressway section made it easy to isolate the effects of speed etc. by drivers with information provided through VMS under adverse fog conditions. Understanding and reacting to the VMS system by drivers is essential for its success. If drivers do not react by changing speed behavior then the VMS system will fail and further implementation may cease. In this paper an Analysis of Variance model, which is appropriate to the proposed experimental conditions, is used to study how subjects (drivers) will perceive provided information and also to find the effect of VMS on driver speed behavior on the simulated Expressway section.
Equity based land‐use and transportation problem
Authors: Lee Der‐Horng , Wu Lan , Meng Qiang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDue to additional trip production by land use development, the O‐D travel costs between some O‐D pairs may also change intuitively. This leads to positive and negative impacts on network users traveling between different O‐D pairs. Therefore the equity issue about the benefit distribution gained from the land‐use development problem is raised. This paper proposes an Equity based Land‐Use Transportation Problem (ELUTP) which is intended to examine the benefit distribution among the network users and the resulting equity associated with land‐use development problem in terms of the change of equilibrium O‐D travel cost. In the resulting bi‐level programming model, the upper level sub‐problem maximizes traffic production incorporating equity constraints, while the lower level sub‐problem is a combined trip distribution/assignment user equilibrium problem. Genetic algorithm based method is applied to test the models using an example network.
Korean red ginseng extract does not cause embryo‐fetal death or abnormalities in mice
Authors: Shin Sunhee , Jang Ja Young , Park Dongsun , Yon Jung‐Min , Baek In‐Jeoung , Hwang Bang Yeon , Nam Sang‐Yoon , Yun Young Won , Kim Ki‐Yon , Joo Seong Soo , Kim Yun‐Bae 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ginseng has been used for a long time and is well tolerated in humans. However, recent studies have shown that ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Re exert embryotoxicity in in vitro culture systems. We investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on embryonic implantation and fetal development in mice. METHODS: Mice were orally administered KRGE (20, 200, or 2,000 mg/kg/day) from 2 weeks before mating to gestational day (GD) 18, and implantation rate, fetal mortality, body weights, as well as external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities were determined by Caesarean section on GD18. Ginsenosides in KRGE and in the blood of dams were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. RESULTS: KRGE did not affect embryonic implantation and mortality as well as fetal body weights up to 2,000 mg/kg/day (≈200 times clinical doses), the upper‐limit dose recommended by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Although the prevalence of supernumerary ribs increased at the medium dose (200 mg/kg/day), no dose‐dependent increases in external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities were observed. Major ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rg1, and Re were not detected in the blood of dams based on their chromatographic profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable developmental toxicities of KRGE, even at the upper‐limit dose, were not observed in mice. These results might be due to the negligible blood concentrations of ginsenosides in their original forms following oral administration, suggesting that in vitro experiments to assess the effects of ginsenosides on embryotoxicity may not reliably explain the risks of ginsenosides to in vivo embryo‐fetal development. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:78–85, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeat performance: how do genome packaging and regulation depend on simple sequence repeats?
Authors: Kumar Ram Parikshan , Senthilkumar Ramamoorthy , Singh Vipin , Mishra Rakesh K 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNon‐coding DNA has consistently increased during evolution of higher eukaryotes. Since the number of genes has remained relatively static during the evolution of complex organisms, it is believed that increased degree of sophisticated regulation of genes has contributed to the increased complexity. A higher proportion of non‐coding DNA, including repeats, is likely to provide more complex regulatory potential. Here, we propose that repeats play a regulatory role by contributing to the packaging of the genome during cellular differentiation. Repeats, and in particular the simple sequence repeats, are proposed to serve as landmarks that can target regulatory mechanisms to a large number of genomic sites with the help of very few factors and regulate the linked loci in a coordinated manner. Repeats may, therefore, function as common target sites for regulatory mechanisms involved in the packaging and dynamic compartmentalization of the chromatin into active and inactive regions during cellular differentiation.
Nucleocytoplasmic functions of the PDZ‐LIM protein family: new insights into organ development
Authors: Krcmery Jennifer , Camarata Troy , Kulisz Andre , Simon Hans‐Georg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent work on the PDZ‐LIM protein family has revealed that it has important activities at the cellular level, mediating signals between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton, with significant impact on organ development. We review and integrate current knowledge about the PDZ‐LIM protein family and propose a new functional role, sequestering nuclear factors in the cytoplasm. Characterized by their PDZ and LIM domains, the PDZ‐LIM family is comprised of evolutionarily conserved proteins found throughout the animal kingdom, from worms to humans. Combining two functional domains in one protein, PDZ‐LIM proteins have wide‐ranging and multi‐compartmental cell functions during development and homeostasis. In contrast, misregulation can lead to cancer formation and progression. New emerging roles include interactions with integrins, T‐box transcription factors, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Facilitating the assembly of protein complexes, PDZ‐LIM proteins can act as signal modulators, influence actin dynamics, regulate cell architecture, and control gene transcription.
Vitamin E protects against stress‐induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats more effectively than vitamin C
Authors: Ohta Yoshiji , Imai Yoichiro , Kaida Shingo , Kamiya Yoshio , Kawanishi Minoru , Hirata Ichiro 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this study, we examined the protective effects of vitamin E (VE) against gastric mucosal lesions induced by water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) in rats in comparison with that of vitamin C (VC). The gastric mucosa of rats with 6 h of WIRS showed lesions with bleeding, decrease in nonprotein SH, VC, VE, and adherent mucus concentrations and constitutive nitric oxide synthase activity, and increase in lipid peroxide and NOx (nitrite/nitrate) concentrations and myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities. Either VE (0.05 or 0.5 mmol/kg) or VC (0.5 or 1.5 mmol/kg) was orally administered to rats with 6 h of WIRS just before the onset of the stress. Both doses of preadministered VE prevented gastric mucosal lesion development and attenuated all these changes in gastric mucosal components and enzymes studied, whereas only the higher dose of preadministered VC suppressed the changes in all parameters studied. These results indicate that orally administered VE protects against WIRS‐induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats more effectively than orally administered VC. These results also suggest that the administered VE protects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats with WIRS through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions in the gastric mucosa in the same way as the administered VC.
Enzyme‐instructed self‐assembly of peptide derivatives to form nanofibers and hydrogels
Authors: Gao Yuan , Yang Zhimou , Kuang Yi , Ma Man‐Lung , Li Jiayang , Zhao Fan , Xu Bing 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe review describes the use of enzyme catalysis and self‐assembly, two essential and ubiquitous processes in biology, to create molecular nanofibers of peptide derivatives at the supramolecular level as potential nanomedicines and biomaterials. In particular, we discuss the use of enzymes to instruct the self‐assembly of small peptide derivatives for hydrogelation, which takes place in vitro or in vivo, extra‐ or intracellularly, as a new strategy to detect the activity of enzymes, screen enzyme inhibitors, type bacteria, develop drug delivery systems, enhance the activity and stability of enzymes, and control the fate of cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94:19–31, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The mobility of chondroitin sulfate in articular and artificial cartilage characterized by 13C magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Scheidt Holger A. , Schibur Stephanie , Magalhães Alvicler , de Azevedo Eduardo R. , Bonagamba Tito J. , Pascui Ovidiu , Schulz Ronny , Reichert Detlef , Huster Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have studied the molecular dynamics of one of the major macromolecules in articular cartilage, chondroitin sulfate. Applying 13C high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning NMR techniques, the NMR signals of all rigid macromolecules in cartilage can be suppressed, allowing the exclusive detection of the highly mobile chondroitin sulfate. The technique is also used to detect the chondroitin sulfate in artificial tissue‐engineered cartilage. The tissue‐engineered material that is based on matrix producing chondrocytes cultured in a collagen gel should provide properties as close as possible to those of the natural cartilage. Nuclear relaxation times of the chondroitin sulfate were determined for both tissues. Although T1 relaxation times are rather similar, the T2 relaxation in tissue‐engineered cartilage is significantly shorter. This suggests that the motions of chondroitin sulfate in natural and artificial cartilage are different. The nuclear relaxation times of chondroitin sulfate in natural and tissue‐engineered cartilage were modeled using a broad distribution function for the motional correlation times. Although the description of the microscopic molecular dynamics of the chondroitin sulfate in natural and artificial cartilage required the identical broad distribution functions for the correlation times of motion, significant differences in the correlation times of motion that are extracted from the model indicate that the artificial tissue does not fully meet the standards of the natural ideal. This could also be confirmed by macroscopic biomechanical elasticity measurements. Nevertheless, these results suggest that NMR is a useful tool for the investigation of the quality of artificially engineered tissue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93:520–532, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Real‐time detection of single‐living pancreatic β‐cell by laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy: High glucose stimulation
Authors: Rong Xi , Huang Shu‐Shi , Kuang Xiao‐Cong , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGlucose acts as a β‐cell stimulus factor and leads to cellular responses that involve a large amount of biomolecule formation, relocation, and transformation. We hypothesize that information about these changes can be obtained in real‐time by laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy. To test this hypothesis, repeated measurements designs in accordance with the application of Raman spectroscopy detection were used in the current experiment. Single rat β‐cells were measured by Raman spectroscopy in 2.8 mmol/l glucose culture medium as a basal condition. After stimulation with high glucose (20 mmol/l), the same cells were measured continuously. Each cell was monitored over a total time span of 25 min, in 5 min intervals. During this period of time, cells were maintained at an appropriate temperature controlled by an automatic heater, to provide near‐physiological conditions. It was found that some significant spectral changes induced by glucose were taking place during the stimulation time course. The most noticeable changes were the increase of spectral intensity at the 1002, 1085, 1445, and 1655 cm−1 peaks, mainly corresponding to protein and lipid. We speculate that these changes might have to do with β‐cell protein and lipid synthesis. Using laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy in combination with glucose stimulation, optical spectral information from rat β‐cells was received and analyzed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 587–594, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
A low shear stress modular bioreactor for connected cell culture under high flow rates
Authors: Mazzei D. , Guzzardi M.A. , Giusti S. , Ahluwalia A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA generic “system on a plate” modular multicompartmental bioreactor array which enables microwell protocols to be transferred directly to the bioreactor modules, without redesign of cell culture experiments or protocols is described. The modular bioreactors are simple to assemble and use and can be easily compared with standard controls since cell numbers and medium volumes are quite similar. Starting from fluid dynamic and mass transport considerations, a modular bioreactor chamber was first modeled and then fabricated using “milli‐molding,” a technique adapted from soft lithography. After confirming that the shear stress was extremely low in the system in the range of useful flow rates, the bioreactor chambers were tested using hepatocytes. The results show that the bioreactor chambers can increase or maintain cell viability and function when the flow rates are below 500 µL/min, corresponding to wall shear stresses of 10−5 Pa or less at the cell culture surface. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 127–137. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pattern‐mapped multiple detection of 11 pathogenic bacteria using a 16s rDNA‐based oligonucleotide microarray
Authors: Hwang Byeong Hee , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPathogen detection is an important issue in human health due to the threats posed by severe communicable diseases. In the present study, to achieve efficient and accurate multiple detection of 11 selected pathogenic bacteria, we constructed a 16S rDNA oligonucleotide microarray containing doubly specific capture probes. Many target pathogens were specifically detected by the microarray with the aid of traditional perfect match‐based analysis using our previously proposed two‐dimensional visualization plot tool. However, some target species or subtypes were difficult to discriminate by perfect match analysis due to nonspecific binding of conserved 16S rDNA‐derived capture probes with high sequence similarity. We noticed that the patterns of specific spots for each strain were somewhat different in the two‐dimensional gradation plot. Therefore, to discriminate subtle differences between phylogenetically related pathogens, a pattern‐mapping statistical model was established using an artificial neural network algorithm trained by experimental repeats. The oligonucleotide microarray system harboring doubly specific capture probes combined with the pattern‐mapping analysis tool resulted in successful detection of all target pathogens including even subtypes of two closely related species showing strong nonspecific binding. Collectively, the results indicate that our novel combined system of a 16S rDNA‐based DNA microarray and a pattern‐mapping statistical analysis tool is a simple and effective method for detecting multiple pathogens. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 183–192. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sesquiterpenoids and Diterpenoids from Chloranthus anhuiensis
Authors: Xu Yong‐Jiang , Tang Chun‐Ping , Tan Min‐Jia , Ke Chang‐Qiang , Wu Tao , Ye Yang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the roots of Chloranthus anhuiensis afforded three new sesquiterpene lactones, chloraniolide A (1), (3R)‐3‐hydroxyatractylenolide III (2), and 8β‐hydroxy‐1‐oxoeudesma‐3,7(11)‐dien‐12,8α‐olide (3), and two new diterpenoids, (12R,13E)‐15‐(acetoxy)‐12‐hydroxylabda‐8(20),13‐dien‐19‐oic acid (4) and (12S,13E)‐15‐(acetoxy)‐12‐dihydroxylabda‐8(20),13‐dien‐19‐oic acid (5), as well as 17 known sesquiterpenoid and diterpenoid compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and other spectroscopic analyses.
Two New Cytotoxic Disulfated Holostane Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis
Authors: Han Hua , Xu Qiang‐Zhi , Yi Yang‐Hua , Gong Wei , Jiao Bing‐Hua 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo new disulfated triterpene glycosides, pentactasides B and C (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis (2D‐NMR and MS) and chemical methods. The compounds 1 and 2 possess the same tetrasaccharide moieties with two sulfated groups, but are different in the side chains of the triterpene aglycone. Pentactasides B and C (1 and 2, resp.) showed significant cytotoxicities (IC50 0.09–2.30 μM) against different human tumor cell lines.
Platycodin D2 Improves Specific Cellular and Humoral Responses to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Mice
Authors: Xie Yong , He Shu‐Wang , Sun Hong‐Xiang , Li Duo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPlatycodin D2 (1), a less hemolytic saponin from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum than platycodin D (2), was evaluated for the potential to enhance specific cellular and humoral immune responses to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in mice. It significantly increased the concanavalin A (Con A)‐, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐, and HBsAg‐induced splenocyte proliferation in HBsAg‐immunized mice (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001, resp.). HBsAg‐specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in the serum were also markedly enhanced by 1 compared to the HBsAg control group (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Moreover, 1 significantly promoted the production of Th1 (IL‐2 and IFN‐γ) and Th2 (IL‐4 and IL‐10) cytokines from splenocytes in the HBsAg‐immunized mice (P<0.001). The adjuvant potential of 1 on splenocyte proliferation, serum HBsAg‐specific IgG2a and IgG2b antibody response, as well as Th1‐cytokine secretion from splenocytes in the HBsAg‐immunized mice was higher than that of Alum. The results suggest that 1 could improve both cellular and humoral immune responses to HBsAg in mice. Hence, 1 might be a promising adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccine with dual Th1‐ and Th2‐potentiating activity.
Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes and Other Constituents from Aster himalaicus
Authors: Xie Wei Dong , Weng Cheng Wu , Niu Yu Fang , Lai Peng Xiang , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrom the whole plants of Aster himalaicus, a new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene, 1‐oxoeudesm‐11(13)‐eno‐12,8α‐lactone, along with twelve known compounds, was isolated. The structures of all compounds have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including IR, EI‐MS, HR‐ESI‐MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data.
Structural Diversity of PDZ–Lipid Interactions
Authors: Gallardo Rodrigo , Ivarsson Ylva , Schymkowitz Joost , Rousseau Frédéric , Zimmermann Pascale 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPDZ domains are globular protein modules that are over‐and‐above appreciated for their interaction with short peptide motifs found in the cytosolic tail of membrane receptors, channels, and adhesion molecules. These domains predominate in scaffold molecules that control the assembly and the location of large signaling complexes. Studies have now emerged showing that PDZ domains can also interact with membrane lipids, and in particular with phosphoinositides. Phosphoinositides control various aspects of cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, and cytoskeleton remodeling. When investigated, lipid binding appears to be extremely relevant for PDZ protein functionality. Studies point to more than one mechanism for PDZ domains to associate with lipids. Few studies have been focused on the structural basis of PDZ–phosphoinositide interactions, and the biological consequences of such interactions. Using the current knowledge on syntenin‐1, syntenin‐2, PTP‐Bas, PAR‐3 and PICK1, we recapitulate our understanding of the structural and biochemical aspects of PDZ–lipid interactions and the consequences for peptide interactions.