bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Two-Tier Full-Information Item Factor Analysis Model with Applications
Authors: Cai Li 
Published: August 2010

Motivated by Gibbons et al.’s (Appl. Psychol. Meas. 31:4–19, 2007) full-information maximum marginal likelihood item bifactor analysis for polytomous data, and Rijmen, Vansteelandt, and De Boeck’s (Psychometrika 73:167–182, 2008) work on constructing computationally efficient estimation algorithms for latent variable models, a two-tier item factor analysis model is developed in this research. The modeling framework subsumes standard multidimensional IRT models, bifactor IRT models, and testlet response theory models as special cases. Features of the model lead to a reduction in the dimensionality of the latent variable space, and consequently significant computational savings. An EM algorithm for full-information maximum marginal likelihood estimation is developed. Simulations and real data demonstrations confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods. Three real data sets from a large-scale educational assessment, a longitudinal public health survey, and a scale development study measuring patient reported quality of life outcomes are analyzed as illustrations of the model’s broad range of applicability.
A comparison of age difference reaction to computer interface
Authors: Riman Chadi , Ghusn Husam , Monacelli Eric 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In this work, a simplified interface system for education of people with disabilities is presented. This platform allows the control of different tools (PC games, robot, and electric wheelchair) using different interfaces (mouse, joysticks, etc.). This interface system can be automatically reconfigured to match user’s ability, and it is operated locally or remotely through the internet. Saving of experimental progress data for later analysis can be done. Quantitative indicators are defined for evaluation purposes and to determine the needed assistance and adaptation. The system is tested on different age groups for people without physical disability. Results are presented and discussed.
Affine Models of the Joint Dynamics of Exchange Rates and Interest Rates
Authors: Anderson Bing , Hammond Peter J. , Ramezani Cyrus A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper extends the affine class of term structure models to describe the joint dynamics of exchange rates and interest rates. In particular, the issue of how to reconcile the low volatility of interest rates with the high volatility of exchange rates is addressed. The incomplete market approach of introducing exchange rate volatility that is orthogonal to both interest rates and the pricing kernels is shown to be infeasible in the affine setting. Models in which excess exchange rate volatility is orthogonal to interest rates but not orthogonal to the pricing kernels are proposed and validated via Kalman filter estimation of maximal 5-factor models for 6 country pairs.
Is God's belief requirement rational?
Authors: JANZEN GREG 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper sketches an evidential atheological argument that can be answered only if one of the central tenets of some theistic traditions is rejected, namely, that (propositional) belief in God is a necessary condition for salvation. The basic structure of the argument is as follows. Under theism, God is essentially omniscient, but no one can be both omniscient and irrational. So, if there is reason to hold that God is irrational, then it would follow that God doesn't exist. And there is reason to hold that God is irrational. To wit, God both hides and, according to some theistic traditions, requires belief. But it is irrational for God both to hide and require belief; therefore, God is irrational. Since a crucial – and controversial – premise in the argument is that it is irrational for God both to hide and require belief, a large part of the paper is devoted to defending that premise.
Effect of Subject Types on the Production of AuxiliaryIsin Young English-Speaking Children
Authors: Guo Ling-Yu , Owen Amanda J. , Tomblin J. Bruce 
Published: August 2010

PurposeIn this study, the authors tested the unique checking constraint (UCC) hypothesis and the usage-based approach concerning why young children variably use tense and agreement morphemes in obligatory contexts by examining the effect of subject types on the production of auxiliaryis.MethodTwenty typically developing 3-year-olds were included in this study. The children’s production of auxiliaryiswas elicited in sentences with pronominal subjects, high-frequency lexical noun phrase (NP) subjects (e.g.,the dog), and low-frequency lexical NP subjects (e.g.,the deer).ResultsAs a group, children did not use auxiliaryismore accurately with pronominal subjects than with lexical NP subjects. Furthermore, individual data revealed that although some children used auxiliaryismore accurately with pronominal subjects than with lexical NP subjects, the majority of children did not show this trend.ConclusionThe symmetry observed between lexical and pronominal subjects supports the predictions of the UCC hypothesis, although additional mechanisms may be needed to account for the asymmetry between subject types in some individual children. Discrepant results between the present study and previous studies were attributed to differences in task formats and children’s developmental levels.
Leaf Senescence Signaling: The Ca2+-Conducting Arabidopsis Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel2 Acts through Nitric Oxide to Repress Senescence Programming
Authors: Ma Wei , Smigel Andries , Walker Robin K. , Moeder Wolfgang , Yoshioka Keiko , Berkowitz Gerald A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) are essential components involved in plant senescence signaling cascades. In other signaling pathways, NO generation can be dependent on cytosolic Ca2+. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant dnd1 lacks a plasma membrane-localized cation channel (CNGC2). We recently demonstrated that this channel affects plant response to pathogens through a signaling cascade involving Ca2+ modulation of NO generation; the pathogen response phenotype of dnd1 can be complemented by application of a NO donor. At present, the interrelationship between Ca2+ and NO generation in plant cells during leaf senescence remains unclear. Here, we use dnd1 plants to present genetic evidence consistent with the hypothesis that Ca2+ uptake and NO production play pivotal roles in plant leaf senescence. Leaf Ca2+ accumulation is reduced in dnd1 leaves compared to the wild type. Early senescence-associated phenotypes (such as loss of chlorophyll, expression level of senescence-associated genes, H2O2 generation, lipid peroxidation, tissue necrosis, and increased salicylic acid levels) were more prominent in dnd1 leaves compared to the wild type. Application of a Ca2+ channel blocker hastened senescence of detached wild-type leaves maintained in the dark, increasing the rate of chlorophyll loss, expression of a senescence-associated gene, and lipid peroxidation. Pharmacological manipulation of Ca2+ signaling provides evidence consistent with genetic studies of the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and senescence with the dnd1 mutant. Basal levels of NO in dnd1 leaf tissue were lower than that in leaves of wild-type plants. Application of a NO donor effectively rescues many dnd1 senescence-related phenotypes. Our work demonstrates that the CNGC2 channel is involved in Ca2+ uptake during plant development beyond its role in pathogen defense response signaling. Work presented here suggests that this function of CNGC2 may impact downstream basal NO production in addition to its role (also linked to NO signaling) in pathogen defense responses and that this NO generation acts as a negative regulator during plant leaf senescence signaling.
Dysfunction of Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 Induces Shortening of Telomeres and Loss of 45S rDNA inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Mozgová Iva , Mokroš Petr , Fajkus Jiří 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF1) is a three-subunit H3/H4 histone chaperone responsible for replication-dependent nucleosome assembly. It is composed of CAC 1-3 in yeast; p155, p60, and p48 in humans; and FASCIATA1 (FAS1), FAS2, and MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We report that disruption of CAF1 function by fas mutations in Arabidopsis results in telomere shortening and loss of 45S rDNA, while other repetitive sequences (5S rDNA, centromeric 180-bp repeat, CACTA, and Athila) are unaffected. Substantial telomere shortening occurs immediately after the loss of functional CAF1 and slows down at telomeres shortened to median lengths around 1 to 1.5 kb. The 45S rDNA loss is progressive, leaving 10 to 15% of the original number of repeats in the 5th generation of mutants affecting CAF1, but the level of the 45S rRNA transcripts is not altered in these mutants. Increasing severity of the fas phenotype is accompanied by accumulation of anaphase bridges, reduced viability, and plant sterility. Our results show that appropriate replication-dependent chromatin assembly is specifically required for stable maintenance of telomeres and 45S rDNA.
Non‐Payments in the Energy Sector
Authors: Ivanova Nadezhda , Pavlov George 
Published: August 2010

Despite the reduction in arrears and barter observed after the rouble devaluation of the August 1998 crisis the phenomenon of non‐payments in Russia is yet to be addressed. Non‐payments of all forms remain especially severe in transactions involving the energy sector, defined as an aggregation of the electricity and natural gas industries. The high concentration of overdue receivables and non‐monetary forms of settlement in the energy sector provides evidence that power and gas industries subsidise a large share of the economy, including industrial and social consumers. Social and political costs of the closure of large nonviable industrial enterprises unable to pay their operational costs force the governments of all levels to prevent their disconnection from the energy supplies. The authorities effectively encourage EUS and Gazprom to tolerate ‘strategic’ customers's arrears by turning a blind eye to natural monopolies tax obligations. On the other hand, the persistent failure of the federal and regional authorities to comply with the budget laws have prompted the budget‐funded organisation to run arrears to the energy suppliers, which, in turn, led to numerous tax offsets involving the electricity and gas companies.In addition to the government's policies there are structural factors specific to the energy sector. Imperfections of the delivery network allow the rent‐seeking electricity resellers and regional utilities managers to use nontransparent barter chains. This and the lack of supervision by UES enable them to put up with non‐payments by the customeres and divert funds from the power generators. Consolidation of control over UES subsidiaries accompanied by the active debt settlement policy and modernisation of the delivery network are the structural measures that required to reduce the scale of non‐payments in the energy sector.
La lécithine et son action sur la résistance des globules rouges du sang
Authors: GRÖNBERG ALBERT , LUNDBERG ÁKE , EKECRANTZ THOR 
Published: August 2010

Résumé.La lécithine empruntée à la substance cérébrale des bovidés (cérébrolécithinepréparée par le prof. Ekecrantz) n'agit pas sur la résistance des globules rouges du sang à l'égard d'une solution do sel marin hypotonique.La lécithine de l'œuf de poule (ovolécithinepréparée par le prof. Ekecrantz) agit par contre en augmentant la résistance des globules rouges du sang.Pour que cette action apparaisse, la concentration de l'ovolécithine doit être pour le moins de 1/20000.En vue de cette même action il faut que la lécithine soit à l'état de fine emulsion, après avoir été secouée dans un appareil à succussion pendant une heure au moins.La stérilisation par le procédé indiqué plus haut ne trouble pas cette action.La différence des résultats obtenus dans nos expériences avec l'»ovolécithine», d'une part, et la »cérébrolécithine», d'autre part, s'explique peut‐être par le fait que ces deux lécithines, en dépit de la ressemblance de leur dénomination, représentent deux composés ou groupes de composés essentiellement différents. L'ovolécithine a une composition répondant à un monoamino‐phosphatide et, par suite, doit être rangée parmi les phosphatides non saturés. Par contre, la cérébrolécithine dont la partie principale serait, à ce qu'on pense, la sphingomyéline offre une composition répondant aux diaminomonophosphatides. Ces derniers sont à ranger parmi les phosphatides saturés. La céphaline est considérée par Thudichum comme un monoaminomonophos‐phatide, mais dans nos expériences elle s'est comportée comme la cérébrolécithine.(Des expériences qui continuent les précédentes sont déjà en cours.)
Sur la bilharziose pulmonaire, maladie des poumons simulant la tuberculose
Authors: MAINZER FRITZ 
Published: August 2010

Résumé.On décrit cinq observations d'une maladie chronique infiltrative des poumons simulant la tuberculose, mais combinée avec un agrandissement de la rate et une éosinophilie excessive et réagissant a un traitement par l'antimoine.L'éosinophilie, le traitement, la présence d'une bilharziose intestinale et urinaire simultanées dans un cas (et une observation analogue de la littérature), les données cliniques et expérimentales sur l'infection des poumons pendant le développement des différentes formes de la Schistosomiasis présentent des forts arguments qu'il s'agit d'une Schistosornasis pulrnonaire.On distingue:

l'asthme bronchique provoqué par la Bilharziose;
la Bilharziose pulmonaire (en sens strict) aiguë, dont les foyers peuverit complétement disparaïtre par le traitement.
la Bilharziose pulmonaire (en sens strict) chronique, lais‐ sant aprks le traitement un cirrhose pulmonaire.

Deux observations relevées dam la littérature sous le titre de »Eosinophilie familiale» (Armand‐Delille c. s.) et »Eosinophilie persistante avec agrandissement de la rate» (H. Brugsch) apparaissent comme des cas de cette maladie.La Bilharziose pulmonaire doit être distinguée des Phénoménes pulmonaires bien connus accompagnant la Bilharziose d'autres organes.
THE EFFECT OF ALPRENOLOL AND ALPRENOLOL IN COMBINATION WITH SALURETICS IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Angervall Gunnar , Bystedt Ulla 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The effects of saluretic diuretics, alprenolol and these agents combined have been investigated in 23 patients with mild or moderately severe hypertension. Mean age was 60 years (range 43–75 years).The results of the study show that:Alprenolol in a dose of 426 mg daily gave the same reduction of diastolic pressure as previous treatment with diuretics. In order to achieve the same reduction of systolic pressure a mean dose of 700 mg alprenolol daily was required. The combination saluretic diuretics and alprenolol appears to give re‐inforcement of the antihypertensive effect as combination of 1/4 of the dose of each agent gave equally good control of the blood pressure as the full dose of either agent alone. Some increase of serum uric acid was observed during the treatment with the higher dose of alprenolol. Slight weight gain was observed during all alprenolol periods.Potassium substitution was given only during diuretic periods but despite this the serum potassium levels were higher during treatment with alprenolol. The combination provides a good alternative for the treatment of raised blood pressure.
Plasma Free Fatty Acids and the Incidence of Arrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Infarction during Treatment with Small Doses of Subcutaneous Heparin or Warfarin
Authors: Arnesen H. , Skjæggestad Ø. , Wik B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In a prospective trial, 99 patients with a history of AMI of less than 12 hours were allocated at random to treatment with subcutaneous heparin, 5000 IU twice daily, (51 patients) or warfarin (48 patients). In a subsample of 21 patients, 11 in the warfarin group and 10 in the heparin group, fasting FFA analyses were performed before and 2 hours after administration of anticoagulants on days 1 and 2. No measurable increase in FFA concentrations was demonstrated in the heparin‐treated patients, in spite of a significant influence on the thrombin clotting time. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmias as detected by continuous tape recordings was equal in the two groups. It is concluded that subcutaneous heparin, 5000 IU every 12 hours, can be administered to patients with AMI without increasing the risk of arrhythmias as compared with warfarin.AMI= acute myocardial infarction,
Recombinant human prolactin for the treatment of lactation insufficiency
Authors: Powe Camille E. , Allen Maureen , Puopolo Karen M. , Merewood Anne , Worden Susan , Johnson Lise C. , Fleischman Amy , Welt Corrine K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryContext  Lactation insufficiency has many aetiologies including complete or relative prolactin deficiency. Exogenous prolactin may increase breast milk volume in this subset. We hypothesized that recombinant human prolactin (r‐hPRL) would increase milk volume in mothers with prolactin deficiency and mothers of preterm infants with lactation insufficiency.Design  Study 1: R‐hPRL was administered in an open‐label trial to mothers with prolactin deficiency. Study 2: R‐hPRL was administered in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to mothers with lactation insufficiency that developed while pumping breast milk for their preterm infants.Patients  Study 1: Mothers with prolactin deficiency (n = 5). Study 2: Mothers of premature infants exclusively pumping breast milk (n = 11).Design  Study 1: R‐hPRL (60 μg/kg) was administered subcutaneously every 12 h for 28 days. Study 2: Mothers of preterm infants were randomized to receive r‐hPRL (60 μg/kg), placebo or r‐hPRL alternating with placebo every 12 h for 7 days.Measurements  Change in milk volume.Results  Study 1: Peak prolactin (27·9 ± 17·3 to 194·6 ± 19·5 μg/l; P < 0·003) and milk volume (3·4 ± 1·6 to 66·1 ± 8·3 ml/day; P < 0·001) increased with r‐hPRL administration. Study 2: Peak prolactin increased in mothers treated with r‐hPRL every 12 h (n = 3; 79·3 ± 55·4 to 271·3 ± 36·7 μg/l; P < 0·05) and daily (101·4 ± 61·5 vs 178·9 ± 45·9 μg/l; P < 0·04), but milk volume increased only in the group treated with r‐hPRL every 12 h (53·5 ± 48·5 to 235·0 ± 135·7 ml/day; P < 0·02).Conclusion  Twice daily r‐hPRL increases milk volume in mothers with prolactin deficiency and in preterm mothers with lactation insufficiency.
An overhaul of the species–area approach for predicting biodiversity loss: incorporating matrix and edge effects
Authors: Koh Lian Pin , Lee Tien Ming , Sodhi Navjot S. , Ghazoul Jaboury 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1.  Species–area (SA) models have often been used to predict biodiversity loss resulting from habitat loss. This application of SA models hinges on two fundamental assumptions: the resultant landscape matrix is inhospitable to the taxa of interest; and edge effects do not factor into extinction risks. Despite growing consensus that these assumptions are unrealistic, the SA approach continues to be used in assessments of biodiversity decline and conservation planning. 2.  We propose an overhaul of the SA approach by accounting for taxon‐specific responses to landscape‐specific matrix quality and deleterious effects of habitat edges. We pitted nine variants of an improved SA model (calibrated for edge and/or matrix) against two variants of the conventional model (calibrated with island or continental z values) to predict species extinction and endangerment in 15 tropical biodiversity hotspots. 3.  The matrix‐calibrated SA model received the highest Akaike’s Information Criterion weight (birds: 66·8%; mammals: 63·3%), which reflects the weight of evidence in support of it being the most parsimonious model given the set of candidate models and data considered. Additionally, the matrix‐calibrated (MC) model produced species extinction predictions that were the most accurate and least biased. 4.  The second best model (for both birds and mammals) was one that simultaneously corrected for matrix and edge effects. 5.  The conventional SA model (particularly when calibrated with an island z value) performed worse than the matrix‐calibrated and/or edge‐corrected models. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that accounting for the landscape matrix per se is a sufficient and significant improvement to the SA approach in terms of assessing species extinction risks from land‐use change. More importantly, given that the MC model was also the most parsimonious model (in that it requires only one additional model parameter than the conventional SA model), it could prove to be a cost‐effective heuristic tool for conservation scientists and decision makers to accurately evaluate extinction risks resulting from land‐use decisions. We argue that, henceforth, the MC model, which takes account of both the extent of deforestation and quality of the resultant matrix, should replace the conventional SA model for predicting biodiversity loss.
Standard care and telecare services: comparing the effectiveness of two service systems with consumers with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Taber‐Doughty T. , Shurr J. , Brewer J. , Kubik S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground  Onsite standard care and remote telecare supports were provided to adults with intellectual disabilities living in integrated community settings and evaluated in terms of effectiveness as consumers completed a series of novel household activities.Methods  Using an alternating treatment design with baseline and follow‐up conditions in this single‐case study, investigators compared the prompting effectiveness provided by onsite standard care staff and a remote telecare provider.Results  While both types of supports resulted in consumers completing tasks, results indicated consumers achieved slightly more independence when prompted by the telecare support provider. Additionally, telecare supports resulted in greater duration for task completion per consumer.Conclusions  Although consumers completed tasks with greater independence using telecare supports, caution should be used when interpreting results due to the small number of participants. The potential for this technology certainly exists in supporting consumers in their own homes thus, suggestions for future investigations are provided.
Effect of microwave irradiation on the flexural strength and residual monomer levels of an acrylic resin repair material
Authors: YUNUS N. , HARRISON A. , HUGGETT R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe degree of polymerization of an acrylic resin repair material, as established by residual monomer estimation, was compared using three different polymerization methods, i.e. bench‐cure, hydroflask‐cure and microwave irradiation cure. The repair strength of a conventional heat‐polymerized resin was then assessed following repairs using each of these three methods. The lowest level of residual monomer was achieved with the microwave irradiation cure. It was also demonstrated that of the three methods, polymerization using microwave energy resulted in the strongest repair.