bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexities of Annulus Line Interaction for HPHT Open Water Intervention Risers
Authors: Vaidya R , Sonawane M , Klepcyk T , Lewis W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Open water intervention riser systems (OWIRS) are used for performing intervention/workover activities on subsea wells during production or for end of life activities. The OWIRS production bore access typically consists of a main riser tubular with an annulus line tubular clamped to the main riser pipe. Typically, the top and bottom connections are rigid clamps, with strategically placed polymer clamps along the length. The clamps prevent the annulus line from buckling and also manage the span on the annulus to prevent vortex induced vibrations. The objective of this study is to present the challenges and complexities of specifying the annulus line clamp placement.
This paper outlines the approach and methodology used for defining annulus line clamp placement. The assessment encompasses load distribution calculations and load sharing between the two pipes for both installation and connected scenarios. A step by step approach is presented with an emphasis on load calculations from self-weight friction from clamp preload, temperature and pressure effects, bending loads from global vessel offsets and environmental loading.
Load calculation and buckling assessment results from this study will be presented. The findings from this study will demonstrate how the installation stage can be more critical for the annulus line compared to the in place connected scenario. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the friction effects of the clamp and the load sharing attributed from the clamp torque to illustrate its contribution.
This paper will present a comprehensive methodology and load case matrix for establishing clamp placement and clamp design requirements for a high pressure high temperature intervention riser system. The risk of improper design will also be discussed and the importance for HPHT applications highlighted. While the methods presented here are applicable to all types of intervention risers with annulus lines, this study will be especially useful for HPHT systems which are more sensitive to pressure and temperature effects.
Enabling Fibre – A Reliable Solution for HPHT Environments
Authors: Nicholson J. A. , Chen Y. , Turner J. E. , Chaize E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reliable fibre optic (FO) connection systems are a key enabling technology to deliver near real-time in-well digital data through distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and Seismic monitoring profiling along the well.
This Multi-channel Optical Feedthrough System (OFS) development addresses key technical challenges and provides a highly reliable solution to enable optical communication through the Vertical Monobore Tree (VMXT) and Tubing Hanger (TH) while providing full pressure containment within the system at 15,000psi and 350°F.
The system features four core innovative technology building blocks: The high-speed trigger mechanism that centralises optical elements during connector mating,The linear fibre mating and fine alignment system with integrated Wand assembly – no bending or hinging of fibre,The glass-to-metal and Hastelloy tubing barriers to fibre – API 6A barriers to protect fibre through the system,The closed fluid compensation system – no gel refill required.
The qualification of the connection system follows the SEAFOM TSD-01 standard and is on track to be completed by 2024. The connection system has demonstrated its ability and robustness in achieving wet-mate functionality while maintaining reliable optical communication at 15,000psi and 350°F and in heavy debris conditions.
This technical paper presents this specific OFS technology, its development process and the Verification and Validation results to achieve reliable optical communication in the high pressure high temperature (HPHT) environments.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE S/D PUNJAB: IMPACT OF HBF AND HYDROXYUREA
Authors: Al-Kindi R. Salam , Al-Busaidi Isra , Pathare Anil 
Published: April 2024

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health issue worldwide with high morbidity and mortality. SCD SD Punjab is the third most common genotype of SCD in Oman and is associated with several serious complications. The aim of the study is to establish the clinical and laboratory features of SCD patients with SD double heterozygotes and study the impact of haemoglobin F, hydroxyurea, and other modulators on the disease severity.
Methods: We analyzed the electronic medical records of 52 consecutive SCD patients who were diagnosed as double heterozygote SD Punjab between 2006 and 2022. The study was approved by the local medical research and ethics committee. The data captured included SCD-related complications and current clinical and laboratory indices. Data from other studies on other SCD genotypes were used as historical controls.
Results: 52 patients (31 males, 21 females) who formed this cohort had a median age of 32 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 21-39.8 years. 37(71.2%) had <3 VOC per year, whereas 15 (28.8%) patients had >3 vasooclusive (VOC) episodes per year. SCD-related complications included Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS) (48%), Gall stones (26.9%), Avascular necrosis (AVN) (28.8%), Stroke (13.5%) and splenic sequestration (7.7%), whereas 5 (9.6%) patients of this cohort died. Surgical and Autosplenectomy were seen in 18 (34.6%). These findings were similar to other SCD genotypes in this community.19 (57.6%) were taking Hydroxyurea (HU) amongst the 33 patients who were prescribed HU. Haematological parameters showed a median (IQR) Hb (g/dl), MCV (fl), Retic count (%), WBC count(X109/L) and Platelet count(X109/L) of 9.7 (8.5-11.3), 74.9 (68.4-79.8), 4 (3.2-5.7), 9.9 (8.1-12.6) and 309 (239-428) respectively. The haemoglobin electrophoresis showed an elevated HbF, whereas serum bilirubin and LDH were elevated amongst the biochemical parameters. The use of hydroxyurea showed no impact on VOC, ACS, AVN, Stroke or mortality.
Conclusion: SD Punjab is the third most common SCD genotype in Oman and was associated with recurrent VOC, ACS, AVN, and gall stones comparable to other SCD genotypes. Patients with > 3 VOC/year had significantly increased incidence of Stroke, AVN, and gallstones. However, HU was not associated with improved prognosis and better survival in this cohort of patients.
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease; Haemoglobin SD Punjab; vaso-occlusive crises; acute chest syndrome; Avascular Necrosis; HbF; hydroxyurea.
A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in School Children from South India
Authors: Khanna Vinay , Alur Suhas , Khanna Ruchee , Verma Seemitr 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
According to the World Health Organization, close to 21% of India’s population may be affected by intestinal parasites, accounting for 39 million disability-adjusted life years, which may likely be due to substandard sanitation practices and insufficient personal hygiene standards. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of helminthic infections among school-aged children in the South Canara district of India.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving school children from nursery to the 8th Grade in the South Canara district of Karnataka, India. The presence of various intestinal parasites in different age groups was determined by performing routine stool microscopy. Modified acid-fast staining was performed for stool samples collected from children <5 years of age for the detection of intestinal coccidian parasites. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyze age-related trends in relation to the prevalence of commonly detected intestinal parasites.

Results:
Intestinal parasites were identified in 10 of the 253 students (3.9%), with the highest incidence observed in the age group of 7–10 years (1.9%). The most prevalent parasite identified was the cysts of Giardia
lamblia, with a prevalence of 7.54%, followed by Ascaris
lumbricoides and hookworm, each having a prevalence of 5.66%. Of the 253 students, 92.2% practiced handwashing with soap after defecation, while 7.8% did not use soap. The handwashing practices did not significantly vary across different age groups. Clinically, pallor was observed in 64.2% of the individuals.

Conclusion:
Giardiasis was the most common parasitic infection, followed by soil-transmitted helminths such as Ascariasis and hookworm. The level of hygiene practices among children exceeded the prevailing national and state standards.
A Study to Assess the Attitude and Acceptance toward COVID-19 Vaccine among General Public
Authors: Biju Bijitha , David M. Melvin , Balalakshmi J. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While most people experience mild-to-moderate respiratory illness and recover without special treatment, some, especially older people and those with underlying medical conditions, may become seriously ill. To prevent transmission, it is important to be informed about the disease and how it spreads. This includes staying at least 1 m apart from others, wearing a properly fitted mask, washing your hands frequently, getting vaccinated, and following local guidance. The virus spreads through small liquid particles from an infected person’s mouth or nose when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing, or breathe. Practicing respiratory etiquette and self-isolating when feeling unwell are important measures to take. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are genetically similar viruses responsible for global epidemics of different scales. They diverged due to differences in transmission dynamics and clinical presentations. COVID-19 management has evolved with new knowledge, therapeutics, and vaccines. The impact on health care and public health systems has been profound, with lessons learned for future pandemics. A globally fair vaccine distribution system must prevail over vaccine nationalism for the world to return to its prepandemic status.

Materials and Methods:
A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital among 272 participants who were selected conveniently. The attitude was assessed using self-structured five-point Likert scale, and acceptance was assessed using self-structured dichotomous questionnaire.

Results:
About 64.0% of the general public had good attitude, 31.3% of the general public had moderate attitude, and 4.8% of the general public had excellent attitude, none of them had poor attitude. The majority 95.6% of the general public expressed acceptance toward the COVID-19 vaccine and 4.4% of them not. Correlation of attitude and acceptance toward COVID-19 the r = 0.15 was significant at the level of P < 0.01. The association between attitude and demographic variables of the public revealed such as occupation, family monthly income, and any of the family members vaccinated had significant association at the level of P <0.01. Association between acceptance and demographic variables of the public revealed such as, age, vaccinated participants, and any of the family members vaccinated had significant association with acceptance at the level of P < 0.01.

Conclusion:
This study provides valuable insights into the attitude and acceptance toward COVID-19 vaccine among general public. These findings can help to inform strategies for increasing vaccination rates and ultimately protecting public health.
A neurologist’s perspective of approach to falls in the elderly
Authors: Manorenj Sandhya , Shaik Reshma S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Falls constitute an important public health problem that impact the quality of life of an individual. Falls contribute to disability, especially among older adults and elderly individuals. Recurrent fallers are those who fall one or more times per year.
The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed systemic qualitative review of the recent definition of falls, their mechanism, risk factors, classification; falls in neurodegenerative disorders; and their approach and management.
Sources of literature were drawn from peer-reviewed original and systematic review articles published until January 2024 in the PubMed database using the following key words: falls, elderly, definition, management, etiology, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy and fall, dementia and fall, and prevention and diagnostic tests for postural instability and falls. This review summarizes the current understanding of falls and provides a pragmatic and clinically focused approach to their management.
Falls are usually multifactorial. Neurodegenerative disorders such as cognitive decline and parkinsonism lead to increased risk of falling. There are several tools to assess the risk of early falls.
A multidisciplinary approach is needed in the management of falls. The main goal is encouraging physical activity, home hazard modification, management of postural hypotension, and underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
Methanolic extract of Ephedra alata inhibits breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sioud Fairouz , Lahmer Aida , Selmi Mouna , Chaabane Fadwa , Chekir-Ghedira Leila 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To determine the anticancer potential of the methanolic extract from Ephedra alata against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
The effects of the methanolic extract of Ephedra alata on the viability, migration as well as apoptosis of breast cancer 4T1 cells were measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Transwell assay, and annexin V-FITC staining assay, respectively. Histological examination was also carried out. Moreover, a murine breast cancer model was established to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the extract. Biochemical parameters including hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes, malondialdehyde, and glutathione were investigated.

Results:
The methanolic extract of Ephedra alata showed a strong anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activity against 4T1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also induced apoptosis in 4T1 cells. In an in vivo mouse model, the extract markedly inhibited tumor growth, reduced malondialdehyde, and hepatic and non-hepatic enzymes as well as increased glutathione level.

Conclusions:
The methanolic extract of Ephedra alata inhibits breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, which may be a promising anticancer agent.
Isoimperatorin alleviates acetic acid–induced colitis in rats
Authors: Goodarzi Saied , Abdolghaffari Amir Hossein , Najafi Behnaz , Pirali Hamedani Mostafa , Tavakoli Saeed , Marvi Mahshad , Baeeri Maryam , Yassa Narguess , Hadjiakhoondi Abbas , Abdollahi Mohammad , Tofighi Zahra 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To investigate the effect of isoimperatorin on histopathological and biochemical changes in acetic acid-induced colitis rats.

Methods:
Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid solution (4% v/v) in rats. Rats were divided into six groups including the sham group, the negative control group, the dexamethasone-treated group, and the groups treated with isoimperatorin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg/d by gavage). The treatments were administered for three days and then colonic status was assessed by macroscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analyses.

Results:
Isoimperatorin significantly alleviated colonic damage in a dose-dependent manner and improved histological changes in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. It also significantly reduced myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-1β, and malodialdehyde levels.

Conclusions:
Isoimperatorin alleviates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of colitis.
Ellagic acid inhibits gastric cancer cells by modulating oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Zheng Jian , Li Chun-Feng 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the anticancer effect of ellagic acid on gastric cancer cells.

Methods:
MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid at different concentrations (0.5-100 μg/mL) on gastric cancer AGS cells. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses were applied to assess apoptosis (BCL-2, CASP-3, and BAX) and autophagy (LC3, ATG5, and BECN1) in AGS cells treated with ellagic acid. The expression of invasion-related markers including TP53, CDKN2A, and PTEN was determined. In addition, cell cycle markers including cyclin A, B, D, and E were measured by ELISA. Oxidative stress markers were evaluated using spectrophotometry.

Results:
Ellagic acid inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. The expression of BCL-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and CASP-3 and BAX were markedly increased (P<0.01) in AGS cells treated with ellagic acid. However, this compound induced no significant changes in the expression levels of LC3, ATG5, and BECN1 (P>0.05). Moreover, the oxidative stress markers including SOD, TAC, and MDA were increased by ellagic acid (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Ellagic acid can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate oxidative stress in AGS cells. However, further in vivo and molecular studies are needed to verify its anticancer efficacy.
Transient Neonatal Hypocortisolism in Neonates with Hypoglycemia – Coexistence or Cause?
Authors: Mondal Sunetra , Nagendra Lakshmi , Chowdhury Amarta S. , Palui Rajan , Biswas Soumyadeep , Mukherjee Devdeep , Khan Krishnendu , Sengupta Aritra , Pandey Anupama 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Infants born preterm, with low birth weight (LBW), or with perinatal stress are at high risk for neonatal hypoglycemia. Low cortisol levels have also been demonstrated in this group of neonates, which is often transient. We report a series of neonates with transient hypocortisolism who had neonatal hypoglycemia.

Methods:
A descriptive study on clinic-biochemical parameters of a group of five neonates who had persistent neonatal hypoglycemia and had demonstrated low cortisol on critical sample testing.

Results:
All five neonates had birth weights below normal and four were born preterm. A history of perinatal asphyxia was seen in four cases and neonatal sepsis in two. During critical sample testing (when blood glucose [BG] was <50 mg/dl), hyperinsulinism (Insulin >2 mIU/ml) was seen in three infants whereas insulin was undetectable in two. The median cortisol during critical sample testing was 1.9 mcg/dl (0.88 – 3.7). Critical GH was normal in all, and ACTH ranged from 7.2 pg/ml to 41.3 pg/ml. None of the infants had overt clinical features of panhypopituitarism or primary adrenal insufficiency. USG brain revealed germinal matrix hemorrhage in two infants, which resolved on follow-up. USG adrenals and electrolytes were normal in all. Four of the five babies were started on oral hydrocortisone, to which they responded well with the resolution of hypoglycemia. No adverse events were noted. On follow-up, the median time to recover of serum cortisol to normal was 4 months.

Conclusion:
The contribution of transient hypocortisolism to hypoglycemia in infants at risk, including preterm, LBW, or those with perinatal stress, in the presence or absence of hyperinsulinism, is not well known. While the non-specific use of glucocorticoids is not advocated, the role of therapeutic glucocorticoids among at-risk neonates with documented hypocortisolism during hypoglycemia should be an area for research. Close follow-up of these neonates for spontaneous recovery of cortisol levels is warranted.
Etiology and Biochemical Profile of Rickets in Tertiary Care Centres in Eastern India: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rana , Chakraborty Partha P. , Agrawal Neeti , Roy Ajitesh , Maiti Animesh , Chowdhury Subhankar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
We aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical and etiological profile of patients referred with a provisional diagnosis of rickets in tertiary care centres. In addition, we tried to propose a diagnostic algorithm for the evaluation of such patients.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in two tertiary care centres of West Bengal. Data of patients were retrieved between 2014 and 2021.

Results:
Out of 101 children, 22 had conditions simulating rickets. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) was the most common (53.2%) etiology of rickets, followed by phosphopenic rickets (PR) (22.8%) and calcipenic rickets (CR) (17.7%). The prevalence of true nutritional rickets (NR) was only 8.9%. Children with RTA had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic ill health (69%) and polyuria (95.2%). Weight standard deviation score (SDS) and body mass index (BMI) SDS scores were significantly lower in the RTA group compared to others. Around 90.5% of children with RTA, and none in the other groups, had hypokalemia. Biochemically, hypophosphatemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were present in all patients with PR and CR. Compared to CR, median serum phosphate was significantly lower in the PR group. A significant difference in ALP values was noticed in patients with hypophosphatemia (815 ± 627 IU/L) compared to those without (279 ± 204 IU/L). Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 100 pg/ml seemed useful to differentiate CR from other forms.

Conclusion:
NR is uncommon in tertiary care centres. Children with rickets should be approached systematically with the estimation of ALP, phosphorus, creatinine, calcium, PTH and 25-hydroxy vitamin D to reach an etiological diagnosis.
Standardization of Weightage Assigned to Different Segments of the Hand X-ray for Assessment of Bone Age by the Greulich–Pyle Method
Authors: Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Anuradha V. , Goel Pranay , Aeppli Tim , Mondkar Shruti , Shah Nikhil , Lohiya Nikhil , Prasad Hemchand Krishna , Patil Prashant , More Chidvilas , Kajale Neha , Khadilkar Vaman , Sävendahl Lars 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Bone age (BA) assessment is important in evaluating disorders of growth and puberty; the Greulich and Pyle atlas method (GP) is most used. We aimed to determine the weightage to be attributed by raters to various segments of the hand x-ray, namely, distal end of radius-ulna (RU), carpals, and short bones for rating bone age using the GP atlas method.

Methods:
692 deidentified x-rays from a previous study (PUNE-dataset) and 400 from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA-dataset) were included in the study. Mean of BA assessed by experienced raters was termed reference rating. Linear regression was used to model reference age as function of age ratings of the three segments. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of segmental arithmetic mean and weighted mean with respect to reference rating were computed for both datasets.

Results:
Short bones were assigned the highest weightage. Carpals were assigned higher weightage in pre-pubertal PUNE participants as compared to RSNA, vice-versa in RU segment of post-pubertal participants. The RMSE of weighted mean ratings was significantly lower than for the arithmetic mean in the PUNE dataset.

Conclusion:
We thus determined weightage to be attributed by raters to segments of the hand x-ray for assessment of bone age by the GP method.