bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence that rare coding variants inZNF804Aconfer risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Dwyer S. , Williams H. , Holmans P. , Moskvina V. , Craddock N. , Owen M.J. , O'Donovan M.C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStrong evidence that rare variants of relatively high penetrance are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia is currently restricted to the data from studies investigating copy number variants and major structural re‐arrangements in that disorder. Global tests of the hypothesis of the involvement of fairly high penetrance rare single nucleotide changes or small insertion deletion events await the genesis of data from large‐scale sequencing studies, meanwhile, a pragmatic approach to trying to detect such alleles is to target sequencing efforts on genes for which there is compelling evidence from other sources for their involvement in this disorder. We have undertaken a study, which aimed to identify whether rare (frequency ∼0.001%) coding variants in the schizophrenia susceptibility geneZNF804Aare involved in this disorder. We screened the coding regions of the gene in 517 schizophrenic cases and 501 controls, and genotyped rare non‐synonymous variants in a case–control sample powered to detect association to rare alleles with an effect size (odds ratio) of 5. No single rare variant was associated with schizophrenia, nor was the burden of rare, or even fairly common, non‐synonymous variants. Our results do not support the hypothesis that moderately rare non‐synonymous variants at theZNF804Alocus are involved in schizophrenia susceptibility. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene are associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and influence brain tissue mRNA expression
Authors: Brookes K.J. , Hawi Z. , Park J. , Scott S. , Gill M. , Kent L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious studies in animals and humans have implicated the X‐chromosome STS gene in the etiology of attentional difficulties and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This family based association study has fine mapped a region of the STS gene across intron 1 and 2 previously associated with ADHD, in an extended sample of 450 ADHD probands and their parents. Significant association across this region is demonstrated individually with 7 of the 12 genotyped SNPs, as well as an allele specific haplotype of the 12 SNPs. The over transmitted risk allele of rs12861247 was also associated with reduced STS mRNA expression in normal human post‐mortem frontal cortex brain tissue compared to the non‐risk allele (P = 0.01). These results are consistent with the hypothesis arising from previous literature demonstrating that boys with deletions of the STS gene, and hence no STS protein are at a significantly increased risk of developing ADHD. Furthermore, this study has established the brain tissue transcript of STS, which except from adipose tissue, differs from that seen in all other tissues investigated. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of rubber ferrite composites based on nano‐nickel ferrites
Authors: George Mathew , Kurian Philip , Anantharaman M. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUltra fine nickel ferrite have been synthesized by the sol‐gel method. By heat treating different portions of the prepared powder separately at different temperatures, nano‐sized particles of nickel ferrite with varying particle sizes were obtained. These powders were characterised by the X‐ray diffraction and then incorporated in the nitrile rubber matrix according to a specific recipe for various loadings. The cure characteristics and the mechanical properties of these rubber ferrite composites (RFCs) were evaluated. The effect of loading and the grain size of the filler on the cure characteristics and tensile properties were also evaluated. It is found that the grain size and porosity of the filler plays a vital role in determining the mechanical properties of the RFCs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of particle structure on the peel strength and heat resistance properties of vinyl acetate/acrylate latexes laminating adhesives
Authors: Zhou Changlin , Che Rongsheng , Zhong Ling , Xu Wei , Guo Dongyang , Lei Jingxin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe concept of using particle structure design to prepare emulsion laminating adhesives (LAs) for improving both the peel strength and heat resistance properties has been investigated. The homogeneous particle latices based on vinyl acetate/acrylate copolymer (samples 1–3) were synthesized by seeded semicontinuous emulsion polymerization with different chain transfer agent (CTA) contents but with no functional monomers, while the core‐shell structure crosslinkable latices (samples 4 and 5) were prepared through multistage polymerization technique. The emulsion particle structure was investigated by TEM and particle size analyzer. The results indicate that the average emulsion particle diameter is about 130 nm and the particles grow without secondary nucleation. Samples 1 and 2 prepared with 0.7 and 0.5 phm (per hundred gram monomer) CTA respectively, show high peel strength but poor heat resistance property. On the contrary, the sample 3 prepared with 0.1‐phm CTA exhibits low peel strength but relatively good heat resistance. However, sample 4, which was synthesized with 0.5‐phm CTA and 0.4‐phm acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate (AAEM) in core but 0.5‐phm CTA and 0.6‐phm AAEM in shell stages, shows high peel strength (1032.9 g/in.) and good heat resistance property (524.9 g/in.). In addition, sample 5 also demonstrates high peel strength (987.2 g/in.) and good heat resistance property (643.5 g/in.) when it was synthesized using 0.1‐phm CTA but no AAEM in core, 0.36‐phm CTA and 0.75‐phm AAEM in shell stages. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
An approach to imprint irganox 1076: Potential application to the specific migration test in olive oil
Authors: Dopico‐García M. S. , Cela‐Pérez Concepción , López‐Vilariño J. M. , González‐Rodríguez M. V. , Barral‐Losada L. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIrganox 1076 is a hindered phenolic antioxidant commonly added to polyolefins, whose migration from the plastic packaging into the food is regulated by European legislation. The work herein reports on an initial approach to obtain a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for Irganox 1076, a previously nonimprinted target. In a subsequent step, the application of the molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction (MISPE) to the fatty simulant olive oil is tested to get its determination free of interferences using high‐performance liquid chromatography with PDA detector. The influence of five variables, namely porogen, functional monomer, crosslinker, initiator, and initiation method was investigated through the synthesis of miniMIPs. The best results were obtained using methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in tetrahydrofuran under UV radiation with 2,2′‐azobis‐(2‐methylpropionitrile). The application of MISPE to olive oil showed the potential of the imprinted polymer to clean up complex matrices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Objective measurement of fabric properties of the plasma‐treated cotton fabrics subjected to cocatalyzed wrinkle‐resistant finishing
Authors: Lam Yin L. , Kan Chi W. , Yuen Chun W. M. , Au Chui H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe wrinkle resistance treatment together with plasma pretreatment is especially very important to cotton fabrics because of their high wrinkling tendency. However, the processes improved the wrinkle recovery property of cotton fabrics, but, at the same time, may worsen the fabric handle, which is an important factor when designing the end‐uses of fabric because handling of fabric also a critical factor for purchasing decision. The Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES‐F) measures the scale of “basic hand” and “total hand” values determined by the combined results of sensory tests conducted by the instrumental measurements. In the present article, the effects of plasma treatment and catalyzed 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) treatment on the fabric yellowing are also studied. The results found that the wrinkle‐resistant treatment had a negative effect on the tensile properties, shearing properties, bending properties, and surface friction and variation, whereas the compressional properties are improved by the treatment. In addition, the plasma treatment improves the tensile properties and bending properties but not the compressional properties, shearing properties, and surface friction and variation. Besides, it is concluded that these treatments can influence not only the fabric handle but also the yellowness of fabrics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Foaming of a polymer–nanoparticle system: Effect of the particle properties
Authors: Famili M. H. N. , Janani Hamed , Enayati M. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis work is an experimental study of the effects of nanoparticles with different characteristics and contents on foaming composites made of three different nanosilica particles with different geometrical and chemical surface properties in a polystyrene matrix. In addition to the general characteristics reported in our last study on the morphology of polymer–nanoparticle composites, this study shows that nanosilicas of larger sizes can result in foams of higher cell densities. Additionally, the cell densities of foams can be reduced if the nanoparticle surface becomes more affine to the polymer matrix chemically. These results show a correspondence with the effects of the characteristics of the nucleation agent on the nucleation of bubbles, which have been explored previously. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effects of various polyurethanes on the mechanical and structural properties of an epoxy resin
Authors: Kostrzewa M. , Hausnerova B. , Bakar M. , Siwek E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolyurethanes (PURs) obtained from poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) and polyoxypropylene diols (POPDs) of different molecular weights were used as modifiers of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. The impact strength, critical stress intensity factor, stress, and strain during three‐point bending were measured as functions of the PUR type and content. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were employed for the structure and morphology analysis. The addition of 10 or 15% PUR to the epoxy resin resulted in the most enhanced mechanical properties. However, a modifier loading higher than 15% led to decreases in the impact strength, critical stress intensity factor, and flexural strength. Moreover, shorter flexible segments in PUR obtained from lower molecular weight PEG led to stronger composites, whereas composites containing PUR based on lower molecular weight POPD with long flexible segments exhibited higher toughness and strain at break and lower impact strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Morphology and thermomechanical properties of epoxy thermosets modified with polysulfone‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane multiblock copolymer
Authors: Hu Di , Zheng Sixun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolysulfone‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane (PSF‐b‐PDMS) multiblock copolymer was synthesized via the Mannich polycondensation between phenolic hydroxyl‐terminated polysulfone and aminopropyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane in the presence of formaldehyde. The multiblock copolymer was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and used as a modifier to improve the thermomechanical properties of epoxy thermosets. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the epoxy thermosets containing PSF‐b‐PDMS multiblock copolymer possesses the microphase‐separated morphological structures. Depending on the content of the PSF‐b‐PDMS multiblock copolymer, the spherical particles with the size of 50–200 nm in diameter were dispersed into the continuous epoxy matrices. The measurement of static contact angles showed that with the inclusion of PSF‐b‐PDMS multiblock copolymer, the epoxy thermosets displayed the improved surface hydrophobicity. It is noted that the epoxy resin was significantly toughened in terms of the measurement of critical stress field intensity factor (K1C). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Bioadhesive hydrophobic chitosan microparticles for oral delivery of insulin:In vitrocharacterization andin vivouptake studies
Authors: Sonia T. A. , Rekha M. R. , Sharma Chandra P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHydrophobically modified polymeric matrices for drug delivery were developed byN‐acylation of chitosan with long(C18) and medium chain(C8) fatty acid chlorides like octanoyl and oleoyl chloride. Chemical modifications of chitosan were confirmed by IR spectra and trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid assay. Modified chitosan particles were prepared by ionotropic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate. Hydrophobic modification was confirmed by contact angle measurements. Scanning electron micrographs showed the presence of compact microparticles. Swelling studies showed that oleoyl chitosan exhibited low swelling profile than octanoyl chitosan at acidic pH.In vitrorelease profile at pH 7.4 showed that about 90% of insulin was released by 5th hour. ELISA studies proved that the microparticles were capable of maintaining biological activity of insulin. Mucoadhesion studies proved that oleoyl derivative was more mucoadhesive than octanoyl derivative.In vivouptake studies of fluorescent‐labeled microparticles on rat intestinal sections showed that oleoyl chitosan microparticles exhibited significant uptake than octanoyl chitosan. These results suggests that oleoyl moiety would resist degradation by the gastric enzymes and will enhance mucoadhesivity through hydrophobic interactions and also the permeability by loosening the tight junctions, thus making it a useful carrier for oral peptide delivery applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of phenol–formaldehyde microcapsules containing linseed oil and its use in epoxy for self‐healing and anticorrosive coating
Authors: Jadhav Rajendra S. , Hundiwale Dilip G. , Mahulikar Pramod P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhenol–formaldehyde microcapsules with linseed oil as an active agent were produced by applying in situ polymerization method. The anticorrosion and self‐healing efficiency of the synthesized materials were studied. Characteristics of these synthesized capsules were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and surface morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscope. Controllable particle size was estimated at different rpm of stirrer and particle size was checked under microscope and also by using particle size analyzer. The anticorrosion performance of encapsulated microcapsules coated with epoxy resin was carried out in 5% NaCl aqueous solution. The effectiveness of linseed oil filled microcapsules was investigated for healing the cracks generated in paint films or coatings. It was found that the cracks were successfully healed when linseed oil was released from ruptured microcapsules. Further, linseed oil‐healed area was found to prevent effectively the corrosion of the substrate in immersion studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Triblock copolymers of methyl methacrylate/N‐vinyl pyrrolidone and their hydrophilication effects on poly(vinylidene fluoride) porous membranes
Authors: Pang Dong‐Xu , Liu Wei‐Dong , Li Tong , Fang Li‐Feng , Zhu Bao‐Ku 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe new amphiphilic triblock copolymers of poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone‐b‐methyl methacrylate‐b‐N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (P(VP‐b‐MMA‐b‐VP)) were synthesized via a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization route. Using these copolymers as additives in casting solutions, the porous blend membranes of poly (vinylidene fluoride) and P(VP‐b‐MMA‐b‐VP) were prepared following a typical nonsolvent induced phase separation process. The influences of P(VP‐b‐MMA‐b‐VP) on the morphologies of the blend membranes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical compositions in membrane surface layers were measured by X‐ray photoelectron measurement. Water contact angle and water flux experiments were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity and permeation properties of the blend membranes. It was found that the P(VP‐b‐MMA‐b‐VP) copolymers could be retained in membrane stably in membrane formation and application process. The copolymers could enrich in surface layer and endowed the blend membrane with efficient hydrophilicity and higher water permeation flux. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Cross‐linking and grafting with PS of EPDM in the presence of Lewis acids
Authors: Jian‐Ping Xu , Jian‐Ding Chen , Ming‐Lian Cheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWith Lewis Acids as catalysts in melt system, the influence of kinds of Lewis Acids, dosages of catalysts on the behaviors of crosslinking and grafting of ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) were investigated. The Lewis Acids, such as anhydrous AlCl3, FeCl3, SnCl4, could initiate the crosslinking of EPDM and the grafting between EPDM and polystyrene (PS). The carbon–carbon double bonds existing on EPDM chain were favorable to the formation of the initial carbocation in the presence of Lewis Acids. The carbocation initiated carbonium ion polymerization between the unsaturated bonds, or substituted for a proton from the phenyl in the presence of PS forming EPDM‐g‐PS copolymer. Anhydrous aluminum chloride was found to be an efficient catalyst and its initiating temperatures for crosslinking or grafting were about 110°C. The amounts of gel and the data of torques showed that there was a competition between the crosslinking‐grafting reaction and the degradation of blending components in the presence of AlCl3. The EPDM‐g‐PS copolymer served as a compatibilizer in the EPDM/PS blends and enhanced the mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Investigation of temperature‐swing adsorption of aromatic compounds in water using polyampholyte gels with hydrophilic nonionic groups
Authors: Morisada Shintaro , Suzuki Hiroko , Hirokawa Yoshitsugu , Nakano Yoshio 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe adsorption and desorption behaviors of bisphenol‐A in water have been studied using the temperature‐responsive polyampholyte gels composed of sodium styrene sulfate (SSS), vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA), and N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA). The resultant behaviors of the SSS‐VBTA‐DMAA gels of three different monomer compositions are compared with those of the SSS‐VBTA gel that can adsorb bisphenol‐A at room temperature and desorb the pre‐adsorbed bisphenol‐A at higher temperature as in our previous report (Morisada et al., Adsorption 2008, 14, 621), to elucidate the effect of DMAA on the adsorption property of the polyampholyte gel. The adsorption isotherms, which were described by Henry's law, indicated that the adsorption amounts of bisphenol‐A onto the SSS‐VBTA‐DMAA gels at 298 K are much larger than those at 353 K. At 298 K, the Henry's adsorption constant for the SSS‐VBTA‐DMAA gel with the lowest mole fraction of DMAA was larger than that for the SSS‐VBTA gel, whereas a further increase in the DMAA mole fraction resulted in a decrease in the adsorption constant. Moreover, the temperature‐swing adsorption experiments demonstrated that the SSS‐VBTA‐DMAA gel can repeatedly adsorb bisphenol‐A at 298 K and desorb some of the pre‐adsorbed bisphenol‐A at 353 K, where the desorption amount of bisphenol‐A is larger than that from the SSS‐VBTA gel. The results obtained here show that the addition of DMAA to the SSS‐VBTA gel slightly improves the performance of the gel as a temperature‐responsive adsorbent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Process‐induced monomer on a medical‐grade polymer and its effect on short‐term hydrolytic degradation
Authors: Ellä Ville , Nikkola Lila , Kellomäki Minna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhile melt‐spinning biodegradable poly‐(L/D)LA 96/4 lactides into fibers, we intentionally induced monomer into the material by thermal degradation. Elevated temperatures and variable residence times were used during processing. By increasing the residence time, the molecular weight decreased, and the amount of monomer increased exponentially. The studied processing parameters induced from 0.17 to 1.24% of monomer into PLA fibers. In short‐term (9‐week) in vitro studies, the rate of degradation was significantly faster for fibers with higher amounts of monomer. After 9 weeks in vitro, the 0.17% monomer fiber lost 3% of its strength, whereas the 1.24% monomer fiber lost 65%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermoset lactic acid‐based resin as a matrix for flax fibers
Authors: Åkesson Dan , Skrifvars Mikael , Seppälä Jukka , Turunen Minna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThermoset composites were produced from flax fibers and a novel lactic acid (LA)‐based thermoset resin. This resin is based on methacrylated, star‐shaped oligomers of LA. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate whether this resin can be used to produce structural composites from flax fibers. Composites were prepared by spray impregnation followed by compression molding at elevated temperature. The tests showed that composites can be produced with as much as 70 wt% fiber. The composites were evaluated by tensile testing, flexural testing, charpy impact test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and low‐vacuum scanning electron microscopy. The ageing properties in high humid conditions were evaluated, the Young's modulus ranged from 3 GPa to 9 GPa in the best case. This work shows that structural composites can be produced from renewable material. It is clear from the results that these composites have properties that make them suitable for furniture, panels, or automotive parts. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphologic study of steady state electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibres
Authors: De Vrieze Sander , De Schoenmaker Bert , Ceylan Özgür , Depuydt Jara , Van Landuyt Lieve , Rahier Hubert , Van Assche Guy , De Clerck Karen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectrospinning is a process to generate a nanofibrous material. Although the working principle of electrospinning is rather straight forward, it is influenced by many parameters. There is still a serious lack of knowledge concerning the influence of the ambient parameters, for which preliminary knowledge reveals that the relative humidity is of primary importance. This article reports the influence of the relative humidity on electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibres. Mixtures of formic acid and acetic acid are used for steady state electrospinning of polyamide 6 nanofibres, for which a steady state table is determined. When the relative humidity increases, the average fiber diameter decreases and the fraction of the less stable γ‐phase crystals in the polyamide diminishes. This effect is explained by absorbed water acting as a plasticizer, reducing the Tg of the polyamide. This article shows the importance of working in climatized conditions during electrospinning to obtain reproducible nanofibres. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010