bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of HBV Reactivation According to Viral Status and Treatment Intensity in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jang Jeong Won , Kwon Jung Hyun , You Chan Ran , Kim Jin Dong , Woo Hyun Young , Bae Si Hyun , Choi Jong Young , Yoon Seung Kew , Chung Kyu Won 
Published: August 2011

Background There are no convincing data supporting the routine use of pre-emptive therapy against HBV reactivation in various loco-regional therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigated the incidence, severity and risk factors of HBV reactivation during loco-regional therapies. Methods A total of 205 prospectively enrolled patients were classified in order of increasing intensity of loco-regional therapies: local ablation therapy (LAT; 43 patients), transarterial chemotherapy using adriamycin (TAC-ADR; 93 patients) or combined epirubicin-cisplatin (TAC-EC; 26 patients), and combined chemo-radiotherapy (TAC-EC+RT; 43 patients). Results During the follow-up, 62 (30.2%) patients developed HBV reactivation. Multivariate analysis identified HBV DNA levels >104 copies/ml ( P=0.041) and treatment option ( P=0.001) to be independent predictors of HBV reactivation. There was a significant trend for increasing risk of reactivation with increasing intensity of therapy, with hazard ratios of 1.0 for LAT, 2.45 for TAC-ADR, 4.19 for TAC-EC and 10.17 for TAC-EC+RT. The severity of reactivated disease was also increased with increasing treatment intensity ( P-value for trend <0.05). Only one of the patients with low-level viraemia receiving LAT alone developed reactivation, whereas a substantial number of patients with high-level viraemia eventually developed reactivation. Conclusions High-level viraemia and high-level treatment intensity are the major risk factors for HBV reactivation during loco-regional therapy. Trends are evident for the increased risk and severity of reactivation with the aggressiveness of treatment. Pre-emptive antiviral therapy should be recommended for all patients with high-level viraemia irrespective of treatment option, or those undergoing any intensive therapy.
Le droit à une bonne administration dans la charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne
Authors: Jacqué Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2011

L’inscription du droit à une bonne administration dans la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne est le résultat d’un mouvement préparé de longue date. Elle a nécessité une clarification des titulaires et des créanciers du droit ainsi que, surtout, de son contenu. Elle constitue ainsi le point d’ancrage d’un processus qui, avec l’aide de la Cour, conduira à une amplification du standard exigé et notamment le franchissement d’une nouvelle étape de la démocratie administrative à travers ce qu’on appelle le « mieux légiférer ».
Less is more ? Les propositions de la commission sur l'accès aux documents de l'Union européenne
Authors: Maiani Francesco , Villeneuve Jean-Patrick , Pasquier Martial 
Published: August 2011

— Less is more ? The Commission’s proposals on access to European Union document — Transparency is widely regarded as a key toll of democratic governance. The future of citizens’right of access to EU documents is currently being debated following the Commission’s proposal to reform current rules. This article describes the main features of the current system and assesses whether the proposed changes are appropriate, in light of major trends observed at international level regarding the modernisation of legislation on information and the debates on the proper limits of transparency.
Écouter les usagers : de la simplification à l'innovation
Authors: Waintrop Françoise 
Published: August 2011

La simplification administrative est un exercice déjà ancien, qui a été l’enjeu de nombreuses commissions dont le bilan est mitigé. Dans ces structures, la concertation existait, incarnée par la participation d’associations ou de personnalités « qualifiées ». Mais pour obtenir des résultats tangibles, ne faut-il pas partir de la vie quotidienne des usagers ? Cela soulève des questions de méthodologie sur la façon de mesurer les attentes des usagers, d’organiser la concertation avec leurs associations, de prendre en compte les innovations, de les intégrer dans les process administratifs, qui restent des sujets inexplorés. Cette vision très opérationnelle de la relation à l’usager pose aussi la question de l’organisation des administrations, de ce que doit être la performance administrative et de sa mesure en partant des attentes des usagers. Elle remet en cause les bases actuelles du management et des objectifs assignés aux cadres supérieurs. Il ne s’agit pas uniquement de simplifier les démarches administratives mais bien la vie des citoyens en améliorant la qualité de service et les valeurs de l’administration de manière pérenne.
De l'administration démocratique à la démocratie administrative
Authors: Chevallier Jacques 
Published: August 2011

Si la question de la relation entre « démocratie » et « administration » est une question récurrente, elle est désormais pensée en termes nouveaux : alors qu’il s’agissait traditionnellement de savoir dans quelle mesure et à quelles conditions l’administration était conforme à l’idéal démocratique, donc « démocratique », celle-ci tend à être conçue comme le support et le vecteur d’une démocratie rénovée : la promotion du thème de la « démocratie administrative » traduit bien ce basculement. Impliquant la consécration de droits nouveaux en faveur des administrés, la démocratie administrative entend aussi à les associer aux processus administratifs, dans le cadre de mécanismes de délibération et de participation. Bien qu’elle ne soit pas dénuée d’importance, cette inflexion n’entraîne pas pour autant la promotion d’un modèle administratif radicalement nouveau.
Cyclophilin A Is a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule That Mediates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Dear James W. , Simpson Kenneth J. , Nicolai Melianthe P. J. , Catterson James H. , Street Jonathan , Huizinga Tineke , Craig Darren G. , Dhaliwal Kevin , Webb Sheila , Bateman D. Nicholas , Webb David J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The immune system is alerted to cell death by molecules known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules partly mediate acetaminophen-induced liver injury, an archetypal experimental model of sterile cell death and the commonest cause of acute liver failure in the western world. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an intracellular protein that is proinflammatory when released by cells. We hypothesized that CypA is released from necrotic liver cells and acts as a DAMP to mediate acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Our data demonstrated that mice lacking CypA (Ppia−/−) were resistant to acetaminophen toxicity. Antagonism of the extracellular receptor for CypA (CD147) also reduced acetaminophen-induced liver injury. When injected into a wild-type mouse, necrotic liver from Ppia−/− mice induced less of an inflammatory response than did wild-type liver. Conversely, the host inflammatory response was increased when CypA was injected with necrotic liver. Antagonism of CD147 also reduced the inflammatory response to necrotic liver. In humans, urinary CypA concentration was significantly increased in patients with acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In summary, CypA is a DAMP that mediates acetaminophen poisoning. This mechanistic insight presents an opportunity for a new therapeutic approach to a disease that currently has inadequate treatment options.
Cranioplasty: Review of materials and techniques
Authors: Aydin Seckin , Kucukyuruk Baris , Abuzayed Bashar , Aydin Sabri , Sanus Galip Zihni 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTCranioplasty is the surgical intervention to repair cranial defects. The aim of cranioplasty is not only a cosmetic issue; also, the repair of cranial defects gives relief to psychological drawbacks and increases the social performances. Many different types of materials were used throughout the history of cranioplasty. With the evolving biomedical technology, new materials are available to be used by the surgeons. Although many different materials and techniques had been described, there is still no consensus about the best material, and ongoing researches on both biologic and nonbiologic substitutions continue aiming to develop the ideal reconstruction materials. In this article, the principle materialsand techniques of cranioplasty are reviewed.
Giant primary ossified cavernous hemangioma of the skull in an adult: A rare calvarial tumor
Authors: Tyagi Devendra K , Balasubramaniam Srikant , Sawant Hemant V 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPrimary intraosseous cavernous hemangiomas (PICHs) of the cranium are rare benign vascular tumors that account for about 0.2 % of all bone tumors and 10 % of benign skull tumors. They generally present as osteolytic lesions with honeycomb pattern of calcification. Completely ossified cavernous hemangioma of the calvarium in an adult has not been reported previously. A 28-year-old female presented to us with a large right parietal skull mass that had been present since the last 15 years. Total resection of the lesion was performed. Pathological examination was suggestive of cavernous hemangioma of the skull bone. Cavernous hemangioma should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in any case of bony swelling of the calvarium so that adequate preoperative planning can be made to minimize blood loss and subsequent morbidity.
Head injury management guidelines for general practitioners
Authors: Ganz Jeremy C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA complete examination of a head injured patient in the hospital requires a number of instruments. These include a stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, ophthalmoscope, otoscope, cotton wool, safety pin, tuning fork, reflex hammer and a small key to test the plantar response. Few of these are required at the accident scene. This is because, in the hospital, the aim is optimal definitive treatment. At the accident scene, the aim is prevention of secondary injury, rapid recording of the most important findings and safe efficient transport to the hospital. This short paper reviews how the local doctor should undertake a neurosurgical assessment of traumatic brain injury patients. Moreover, the primary management at accident scenes is described and the rationale behind the approach is outlined
Calculation of almost all energy levels of baryons
Authors: De Souza Mario Everaldo 
Published: August 2011

It is considered that the effective interaction between any two quarks of a baryon can be approximately described by a simple harmonic potential. The problem is firstly solved in Cartesian coordinates in order to find the energy levels irrespective of their angular momenta. Then, the problem is also solved in polar cylindrical coordinates in order to take into account the angular momenta of the levels. Comparing the two solutions, a correspondence is made between the angular momenta and parities for almost all experimentally determined levels. The agreement with the experimental data is quite impressive and, in general, the discrepancy between calculated and experimental values is below 5%. A couple of levels of $\Delta$, $N$, $\Sigma^{\pm}$, and $\Omega$ present discrepacies between 6.7% and 12.5% ($N(1655)$, $N(1440)$, $N(1675)$, $N(1685)$, $N(1700)$, $N(1710)$, $N(1720)$, $N(1990)$, $N(2600)$, $\Delta(1700)$, $\Delta(2000)$, $\Delta(2300)$, $\Sigma^{\pm}(1189)$, $\Lambda(1520)$, $\Omega(1672)$ and $\Omega(2250)$).Received: 6 June 2011, Accepted: 13 July 2011; Edited by: D. Restrepo; Reviewed by: J. H. Muñoz, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisica; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.030003Cite as: M. E. de Souza, Papers in Physics 3, 030003 (2011)
Diversity in Unity: An Empirical Analysis of Electricity Deregulation in Indian States
Authors: Sen Anupama , Jamasb Tooraj 
Published: August 2011

As developing countries seek to improve their economic prospects, electricity reform has been widely viewed as a central part of this effort. While the focus of most research to date has been at economy or utility level, there has been much less research on regional outcomes. India presents a unique case, as its states share a common economic and political system, whilst having been given considerable flexibility in how they implement reform, thus allowing a comparative analysis of alternative approaches to reform. This study presents an econometric analysis of the determinants and impact of electricity reform in India, giving special regard to its political economy and regional diversity. It assesses how electricity reform in India has affected key economic variables that determine sectoral efficiency, prices and investment flows. We use panel data for 19 states, spanning 1991-2007, using dynamic panel data estimators. Results show that individual reform measures have affected key economic variables differently; thus the nature of reform in individual states would determine these economic outcomes. Findings suggest that due to political economy factors, outcomes have tended to be adverse in the initial stages of reform, as previously hidden distortions become apparent. The performance of reforms, however, may improve as the reform progresses beyond a ‘baseline’ level. doi: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol33-No1-4
Assessing the Environmental and Downstream Human Health Impacts of Decentralizing Cancer Care
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Cernik Colin , Walsh Thomas P. , Uno Hajime , Larios Dalia , Slutzman Jonathan E. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from health care are substantial and disproportionately harm persons with cancer. Emissions from a central component of oncology care, outpatient clinician visits, are not well described, nor are the reductions in emissions and human harms that could be obtained through decentralizing this aspect of cancer care (ie, telemedicine and local clinician care when possible).ObjectiveTo assess potential reductions in GHG emissions and downstream health harms associated with telemedicine and fully decentralized cancer care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study and counterfactual analyses using life cycle assessment methods analyzed persons receiving cancer care at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between May 2015 and December 2020 as well as persons diagnosed with cancer over the same period from the Cancer in North America (CiNA) public dataset. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe adjusted per–visit day difference in GHG emissions in kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents between 2 periods: an in-person care model period (May 2015 to February 2020; preperiod) and a telemedicine period (March to December 2020; postperiod), and the annual decrease in disability-adjusted life-years in a counterfactual model where care during the preperiod was maximally decentralized nationwide.ResultsOf 123 890 included patients, 73 988 (59.7%) were female, and the median (IQR) age at first diagnosis was 59 (48-68) years. Patients were seen over 1.6 million visit days. In mixed-effects log-linear regression, the mean absolute reduction in per–visit day CO2 equivalent emissions between the preperiod and postperiod was 36.4 kg (95% CI, 36.2-36.6), a reduction of 81.3% (95% CI, 80.8-81.7) compared with the baseline model. In a counterfactual decentralized care model of the preperiod, there was a relative emissions reduction of 33.1% (95% CI, 32.9-33.3). When demographically matched to 10.3 million persons in the CiNA dataset, decentralized care would have reduced national emissions by 75.3 million kg of CO2 equivalents annually; this corresponded to an estimated annual reduction of 15.0 to 47.7 disability-adjusted life-years.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that using decentralization through telemedicine and local care may substantially reduce cancer care’s GHG emissions; this corresponds to small reductions in human mortality.
Screening Conductive MXenes for Lithium Polysulfide Adsorption
Authors: Valurouthu Geetha , Shekhirev Mikhail , Anayee Mark , Wang Ruocun (John) , Matthews Kyle , Parker Tetiana , Lord Robert W. , Zhang Danzhen , Inman Alex , Downes Marley , Ahn Chi Won , Kalra Vibha , Oh Il‐Kwon , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMXenes are promising passive components that enable lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) by effectively trapping lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and facilitating surface‐mediated redox reactions. Despite numerous studies highlighting the potential of MXenes in LSBs, there are no systematic studies of MXenes’ composition influence on polysulfide adsorption, which is foundational to their applications in LSB. Here, a comprehensive investigation of LiPS adsorption on seven MXenes with varying chemistries (Ti2CTx, Ti3C2Tx, Ti3CNTx, Mo2TiC2Tx, V2CTx, Nb2CTx, and Nb4C3Tx), utilizing optical and analytical spectroscopic methods is performed. This work reports on the influence of polysulfide concentration, interaction time, and MXenes’ chemistry (transition metal layer, carbide and carbonitride inner layer, surface terminations and structure) on the amount of adsorbed LiPSs and the adsorption mechanism. These findings reveal the formation of insoluble thiosulfate and polythionate complex species on the surfaces of all tested MXenes. Furthermore, the selective adsorption of lithium and sulfur, and the extent of conversion of the adsorbed species on MXenes varied based on their chemistry. For instance, Ti2CTx exhibits a strong tendency to adsorb lithium ions, while Mo2TiC2Tx is effective in trapping sulfur by forming long‐chain polythionates. The latter demonstrates a significant conversion of intermediate polysulfides into low‐order species. This study offers valuable guidance for the informed selection of MXenes in various functional components benefiting the future development of high‐performance LSBs.
Hydrogel Derived from Decellularized Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa as a Physical Shielding Repaired the Gut Epithelial Barrier of Murine Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Pan Hanxiao , Ding Bingyu , Jiang Zhijiang , Wang Jie , Li Dingwei , Yu Fengnan , Wang Lifen , Hu Sunkuan , Zhao Yingzheng , Xu Helin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is associated with the shedding of the gut mucus. Decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS‐ECM) contains numerous active forms of extracellular matrix as well as growth factors. Herein, a mucus‐mimetic hydrogel (MAG) is designed as a barrier therapy by integrating SIS‐ECM with hyaluronic acid and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate. MAG not only presented the viscoelastic behaviors with G' of 4000 Pa but also good thixotropy. Moreover, MAG as a physical shielding is effective to hinder E. coli invasion. Besides, the good repairing effect on the injured Caco‐2 cells is presented by MAG. When MAG as a biomimetic mucus is rectally administrated to colitis mouse, it alleviated effectively the colitis symptoms and improved the colonic shorting. Moreover, expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α at the laminae propria is substantially inhibited by MAG. Besides, the colonic epitheliums are well rearranged, and the tight junction proteins (ZO‐1, Occludin‐1, Claudin‐5) between them are greatly upregulated after MAG treatment. Meanwhile, the mucus secretion of goblets cells is effectively repaired by MAG treatment. The repairing mechanism of intestinal mucosa barriers is associated with promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. Collectively, MAG might be a promising strategy of barrier therapy for UC.
Chemically Programmed Hydrogels for Spatiotemporal Modulation of the Cardiac Pathological Microenvironment
Authors: Yu Chaojie , Qiu Yuwei , Yao Fanglian , Wang Changyong , Li Junjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAfter myocardial infarction (MI), sustained ischemic events induce pathological microenvironments characterized by ischemia‐hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, matrix remodeling, and fibrous scarring. Conventional clinical therapies lack spatially targeted and temporally responsive modulation of the infarct microenvironment, leading to limited myocardial repair. Engineered hydrogels have a chemically programmed toolbox for minimally invasive localization of the pathological microenvironment and personalized responsive modulation over different pathological periods. Chemically programmed strategies for crosslinking interactions, interfacial binding, and topological microstructures in hydrogels enable minimally invasive implantation and in situ integration tailored to the myocardium. This enhances substance exchange and signal interactions within the infarcted microenvironment. Programmed responsive polymer networks, intelligent micro/nanoplatforms, and biological therapeutic cues contribute to the formation of microenvironment‐modulated hydrogels with precise targeting, spatiotemporal control, and on‐demand feedback. Therefore, this review summarizes the features of the MI microenvironment and chemically programmed schemes for hydrogels to conform, integrate, and modulate the cardiac pathological microenvironment. Chemically programmed strategies for oxygen‐generating, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, provascular, and electrointegrated hydrogels to stimulate iterative and translational cardiac tissue engineering are discussed.
Integration Construction of Hybrid Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Huang Lei , Niu Huiting , Xia Chenfeng , Li Fu‐Min , Shahid Zaman , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is notable progress in the development of efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts, which are crucial components of fuel cells. However, these superior activities are limited by imbalanced mass transport and cannot be fully reflected in actual fuel cell applications. Herein, the design concepts and development tracks of platinum (Pt)‐nanocarbon hybrid catalysts, aiming to enhance the performance of both cathodic electrocatalysts and fuel cells, are presented. This review commences with an introduction to Pt/C catalysts, highlighting the diverse architectures developed to date, with particular emphasis on heteroatom modification and microstructure construction of functionalized nanocarbons based on integrated design concepts. This discussion encompasses the structural evolution, property enhancement, and catalytic mechanisms of Pt/C‐based catalysts, including rational preparation recipes, superior activity, strong stability, robust metal‐support interactions, adsorption regulation, synergistic pathways, confinement strategies, ionomer optimization, mass transport permission, multidimensional construction, and reactor upgrading. Furthermore, this review explores the low‐barrier or barrier‐free mass exchange interfaces and channels achieved through the impressive multidimensional construction of Pt‐nanocarbon integrated catalysts, with the goal of optimizing fuel cell efficiency. In conclusion, this review outlines the challenges associated with Pt‐nanocarbon integrated catalysts and provides perspectives on the future development trends of fuel cells and beyond.