bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of some novel 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles
Authors: Dutta Satyajit 
Published: December 2010

Synthesis and anthelmintic activity of some novel 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazolesA series of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles1a-jwere synthesized by refluxing benzil with different substituted aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR,1H NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds1a-jwere screened for anthelmintic activity. Test results revealed that compounds showed paralysis time of 0.24 to 1.54 min and death time of 0.39 to 4.40 min while the standard drugs albendazole and piperazine citrate showed paralysis time of 0.54 and 0.58 min and death time of 2.16 and 2.47 min, respectively, at the same concentration of 1% (m/V). Five compounds, 2-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1b), 2-[3-methoxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1c), 2-[2-phenylethenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1e), 2-[4-fluorophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1g) and 2-[3-nitrophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1h) showed significant anthelmintic activity compared to the standard drugs.
Thermal and bifurcation characteristics of heat-recirculating conversion of gaseous fuels
Authors: Budzianowski Wojciech 
Published: December 2010

Thermal and bifurcation characteristics of heat-recirculating conversion of gaseous fuelsThe paper investigates the possibility of utilisation of heat-recirculating systems for fuel conversions having low net thermal effect. The experimental part is conducted with an electrically heated heat exchanger. It is shown that heat-recirculating systems can operate under superadiabatic conditions. Their thermal characteristics are provided by means of the dependencies of heat recirculation ratio on process parameters. Further, the heat-recirculating catalytic combustion system is characterised via combustion bifurcation diagrams. The similarities and differences of both those heat-recirculating systems are qualitatively compared and explained. Bifurcation characteristics proves to be useful tools in concise description of practical complex heat-recirculating fuel conversion systems in energy generation.
Measurement of heat flux density and heat transfer coefficient
Authors: Taler Dawid , Grądziel Sławomir , Taler Jan 
Published: December 2010

Measurement of heat flux density and heat transfer coefficientThe paper presents the solution to a problem of determining the heat flux density and the heat transfer coefficient, on the basis of temperature measurement at three locations in the flat sensor, with the assumption that the heat conductivity of the sensor material is temperature dependent. Three different methods for determining the heat flux and heat transfer coefficient, with their practical applications, are presented. The uncertainties in the determined values are also estimated.
Modelling of heat and flow phenomena occuring in waterwall tubes of boilers for supercritical steam parameters
Authors: Zima Wiesław , Grądziel Sławomir , Cebula Artur 
Published: December 2010

Modelling of heat and flow phenomena occuring in waterwall tubes of boilers for supercritical steam parametersIn this paper a mathematical model enabling the analysis of the heat-flow phenomena occurring in the waterwalls of the combustion chambers of the boilers for supercritical parameters is proposed. It is a one-dimensional model with distributed parameters based on the solution of equations describing the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. The purpose of the numerical calculations is to determine the distributions of the fluid enthalpy and the temperature of the waterwall pipes. This temperature should not exceed the calculation temperature for particular category of steel. The derived differential equations are solved using two methods: with the use of the implicit difference scheme, in which the mesh with regular nodes was applied, and using the Runge-Kutta method. The temperature distribution of the waterwall pipes is determined using the CFD. All thermophysical properties of the fluid and waterwall pipes are computed in real-time. The time-spatial heat transfer coefficient distribution is also computed in the on-line mode. The heat calculations for the combustion chamber are carried out with the use of the zone method, thus the thermal load distribution of the waterwalls is known. The time needed for the computations is of great importance when taking into consideration calculations carried out in the on-line mode. A correctly solved one-dimensional model ensures the appropriately short computational time.
Investigation of the flow conditions in a high-performance heat exchanger
Authors: Łopata Stanisław , Ocłoñ Paweł 
Published: December 2010

Investigation of the flow conditions in a high-performance heat exchangerCFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) computations are carried out in order to investigate the flow distribution and its influence on the heat transfer processes in the high-performance heat exchanger. The subject of this investigation is the classical model of the high-performance heat exchanger with elliptical tubes and rectangular fins. It is possible to find the flow domains where the heat transfer conditions are impaired due to the fully developed turbulent flow. Therefore, the considerable thermal loads occur that may cause the breakdown of the heat exchanger. The emphasis of this investigation is put on the zones and the locations where the tubes are not properly fed with liquid, that result in occurrence of cavitation.
A new method for determining allowable medium temperature during transient operation of thick-walled elements in a supercritical power plant
Authors: Duda Piotr , Rząsa Dariusz 
Published: December 2010

A new method for determining allowable medium temperature during transient operation of thick-walled elements in a supercritical power plantConstruction elements of supercritical power plants are subjected to high working pressures and high temperatures while operating. Under these conditions high stresses in the construction are created. In order to operate safely, it is important to monitor stresses, especially during start-up and shut-down processes. The maximum stresses in the construction elements should not exceed the allowable stress limit. The goal is to find optimum operating parameters that can assure safe heating and cooling processes [1-5]. The optimum parameters should guarantee that the allowable stresses are not exceeded and the entire process is conducted in the shortest time. In this work new numerical method for determining optimum working parameters is presented. Based on these parameters heating operations were conducted. Stresses were monitored during the entire processes. The results obtained were compared with the German boiler regulations - Technische Regeln für Dampfkessel 301.
Condensing power plant cycle — assessing possibilities of improving its efficiency
Authors: Chmielniak Tadeusz , Łukowicz Henryk 
Published: December 2010

Condensing power plant cycle — assessing possibilities of improving its efficiency
This paper presents a method for assessing the degree of approaching the paper output of the Clausius-Rankine cycle to the Carnot cycle. The computations to illustrate its use were performed for parameters characteristic of the current state of development of condensing power plants as well as in accordance with predicted trends for their further enhancing. Moreover there are presented computations of energy dissipation in the machines and devices working in such a cycle.
Life cycle assessment analysis of supercritical coal power units
Authors: Ziębik Andrzej , Hoinka Krzysztof , Liszka Marcin 
Published: December 2010

Life cycle assessment analysis of supercritical coal power unitsThis paper presents the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis concerning the selected options of supercritical coal power units. The investigation covers a pulverized power unit without a CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) installation, a pulverized unit with a "post-combustion" installation (MEA type) and a pulverized power unit working in the "oxy-combustion" mode. For each variant the net electric power amounts to 600 MW. The energy component of the LCA analysis has been determined. It describes the depletion of non-renewable natural resources. The energy component is determined by the coefficient of cumulative energy consumption in the life cycle. For the calculation of the ecological component of the LCA analysis the cumulative CO2emission has been applied. At present it is the basic emission factor for the LCA analysis of power plants. The work also presents the sensitivity analysis of calculated energy and ecological factors.
Mathematical modelling of steam-water cycle with auxiliary empirical functions application
Authors: Szapajko Grzegorz , Rusinowski Henryk 
Published: December 2010

Mathematical modelling of steam-water cycle with auxiliary empirical functions applicationResearch oriented on identification of operating states variations with the application of mathematical models of thermal processes has been developed in the field of energy processes diagnostics. Simple models, characterised by short calculation time, are necessary for thermal diagnostics needs. Such models can be obtained using empirical modelling methods. Good results brings the construction of analytical model with auxiliary empirical built-in functions. The paper presents a mathematical model of a steam-water cycle containing mass and energy balances and semiempirical models of steam expansion line in turbine as well as heat transfer in exchangers. A model of steam expansion line in a turbine is worked out with the application of a steam flow capacity equation and an internal efficiency of process equation for each group of stages for the analysed turbine. A model of a heat exchanger contains energy balance and the relation describing heat transfer in an exchanger, proposed by Beckman. Estimation of empirical equations coefficients was realised with the application of special and reliable measurements. Estimation criterion was a weighted relative sum of the remainder squares. There are exemplary calculations results presented in the final part of paper.
The analysis of gradient algorithm effectiveness - two dimensional heat transfer problem
Authors: Łopata Stanisław , Ocłoń Paweł 
Published: December 2010

The analysis of gradient algorithm effectiveness - two dimensional heat transfer problemThe analysis of effectiveness of the gradient algorithm for the two-dimension steady state heat transfer problems is being performed. The three gradient algorithms - the BCG (biconjugate gradient algorithm), the BICGSTAB (biconjugate gradient stabilized algorithm), and the CGS (conjugate gradient squared algorithm) are implemented in a computer code. Because the first type boundary conditions are imposed, it is possible to compare the results with the analytical solution. Computations are carried out for different numerical grid densities. Therefore it is possible to investigate how the grid density influences the efficiency of the gradient algorithms. The total computational time, residual drop and the iteration time for the gradient algorithms are additionally compared with the performance of the SOR (successive over-relaxation) method.
Computer cooling using a two phase minichannel thermosyphon loop heated from horizontal and vertical sides and cooled from vertical side
Authors: Bieliński Henryk , Mikielewicz Jarosław 
Published: December 2010

Computer cooling using a two phase minichannel thermosyphon loop heated from horizontal and vertical sides and cooled from vertical sideIn the present paper it is proposed to consider the computer cooling capacity using the thermosyphon loop. A closed thermosyphon loop consists of combined two heaters and a cooler connected to each other by tubes. The first heater may be a CPU processor located on the motherboard of the personal computer. The second heater may be a chip of a graphic card placed perpendicular to the motherboard of personal computer. The cooler can be placed above the heaters on the computer chassis. The thermosyphon cooling system on the use of computer can be modeled using the rectangular thermosyphon loop with minichannels heated at the bottom horizontal side and the bottom vertical side and cooled at the upper vertical side. The riser and a downcomer connect these parts. A one-dimensional model of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a closed thermosyphon loop is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporators, rising tube, condenser and the falling tube. The separate two-phase flow model is used in calculations. A numerical investigation for the analysis of the mass flux rate and heat transfer coefficient in the steady state has been accomplished.
Application of exergy analysis for evaluation of CO2 emission from operation of steam power unit
Authors: Stanek Wojciech , Budnik Michał 
Published: December 2010

Application of exergy analysis for evaluation of CO2emission from operation of steam power unitSzargut proposed the algorithm for determination of the influence of irreversibility of components of thermal process on the emission of CO2[6]. In the presented paper, basing on Szargut's proposal, the example of analysis of influence of operational parameters of coal fired power plant on the local increase of CO2emission is presented. The influence of operational parameters on the local exergy losses appearing in components of investigated power plant are simulating making use of the semi-empirical model of power plant.
Experimental and numerical analyses of finned cross flow heat exchangers efficiency under non-uniform gas inlet flow conditions
Authors: Bury Tomasz , Składzień Jan , Widziewicz Katarzyna 
Published: December 2010

Experimental and numerical analyses of finned cross flow heat exchangers efficiency under non-uniform gas inlet flow conditionsThe work deals with experimental and numerical thermodynamic analyses of cross-flow finned tube heat exchangers of the gas-liquid type. The aim of the work is to determine an impact of the gas non-uniform inlet on the heat exchangers performance. The measurements have been carried out on a special testing rig and own numerical code has been used for numerical simulations. Analysis of the experimental and numerical results has shown that the range of the non-uniform air inlet to the considered heat exchangers may be significant and it can significantly affect the heat exchanger efficiency.
Some Contraction Methods for Locating and Finding All the DC Operating Points of Diode-Transistor Circuits
Authors: Tadeusiewicz Michał , Hałgas Stanisław 
Published: December 2010

Some Contraction Methods for Locating and Finding All the DC Operating Points of Diode-Transistor CircuitsThe paper is focused on the analysis of diodetransistor circuits having multiple DC solutions (operating points) and brings two methods enabling us to find all the solutions. The first method contracts and eliminates some hyperrectangular regions where the solutions are sought. It is based on the idea of framing of the nonlinear functions appearing in the mathematical description of the circuit by linear ones and exploits the Woodbury formula in matrix theory. The other method finds quickly and easily preliminary bounds on the location of all the solutions. The method employs some monotonic functions and generates convergent sequences leading to a shrinked hyperrectangle that contains all the solutions. Both the proposed methods are rigorously proved. They constitute the core of an algorithm which efficiently finds all the DC operating points of diode-transistor circuits. It is illustrated via numerical examples.
Joint Source-Channel Coding in Dictionary Methods of Lossless Data Compression
Authors: Rodziewicz Marcin 
Published: December 2010

Joint Source-Channel Coding in Dictionary Methods of Lossless Data Compression
Limitations on memory and resources of communications systems require powerful data compression methods. Decompression of compressed data stream is very sensitive to errors which arise during transmission over noisy channels, therefore error correction coding is also required. One of the solutions to this problem is the application of joint source and channel coding. This paper contains a description of methods of joint source-channel coding based on the popular data compression algorithms LZ'77 and LZSS. These methods are capable of introducing some error resiliency into compressed stream of data without degradation of the compression ratio. We analyze joint source and channel coding algorithms based on these compression methods and present their novel extensions. We also present some simulation results showing usefulness and achievable quality of the analyzed algorithms.
Fuzzy Processing Implementation in Dedicated Digital Hardware
Authors: Szecówka Przemysław , Musiał Adam 
Published: December 2010

Fuzzy Processing Implementation in Dedicated Digital HardwareThe paper presents a concept of digital circuit dedicated for fuzzy processing with numerical inputs and outputs. Partially concurrent and pipelined data flow provides high performance, with relatively low dependence on particular algorithm complexity. Sample design with triangular fuzzy sets, rule strength calculation (minimumapproach) and defuzzyfication by weighted sum of fuzzy sets centers was implemented in VHDL, verified and synthesized for FPGA. Floating point arithmetic was applied, including dvision performed by dedicated synchronous machine. All modules were prepared for easy reuse/redesign.
Fatigue Detection Using Computer Vision
Authors: Patel Mitesh , Lal Sara , Kavanagh Diarmuid , Rossiter Peter 
Published: December 2010

Fatigue Detection Using Computer VisionLong duration driving is a significant cause of fatigue related accidents of cars, airplanes, trains and other means of transport. This paper presents a design of a detection system which can be used to detect fatigue in drivers. The system is based on computer vision with main focus on eye blink rate. We propose an algorithm for eye detection that is conducted through a process of extracting the face image from the video image followed by evaluating the eye region and then eventually detecting the iris of the eye using the binary image. The advantage of this system is that the algorithm works without any constraint of the background as the face is detected using a skin segmentation technique. The detection performance of this system was tested using video images which were recorded under laboratory conditions. The applicability of the system is discussed in light of fatigue detection for drivers.
EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in Europe
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard 
Published: December 2010

EuCARD 2010 Accelerator Technology in EuropeAccelerators are basic tools of the experimental physics of elementary particles, nuclear physics, light sources of the fourth generation. They are also used in myriad other applications in research, industry and medicine. For example, there are intensely developed transmutation techniques for nuclear waste from nuclear power and atomic industries. The European Union invests in the development of accelerator infrastructures inside the framework programs to build the European Research Area. The aim is to build new infrastructure, develop the existing, and generally make the infrastructure available to competent users. The paper summarizes the first year of activities of the EU FP7 Project Capacities EuCARD - European Coordination of Accelerator R&D. Several teams from this country participate actively in this project. The contribution from Polish research teams concerns: photonic and electronic measurement - control systems, RF-gun co-design, thin-film superconducting technology, superconducting transport infrastructures, photon and particle beam measurements and control.
Prevalence of Behavioural and Emotional Problems in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ooi Yoon Phaik , Tan Ze Jia , Lim Cui Xi , Goh Tze Jui , Sung Min 
Published: December 2010

Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems among children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method: Archival data from a total of 71 children (Mage = 10.24, SD = 2.91) diagnosed by their clinicians to have high-functioning ASD were obtained. Information on demographics and behavioural and emotional problems from the Child Behavioural Checklist (CBCL) were entered. Results: We found that between 72% and 86% of children with high-functioning ASD had at least one behavioural or emotional problem of clinical concerns as indicated by the CBCL syndromes and DSM-oriented scales. The most commonly reported problems were social problems (60.6%), thought problems (50.7%), attention problems (49.3%), and withdrawn/depressed (40.8%). Using the DSM-oriented scales, the most commonly reported problems were attention deficit/hyperactivity problems (35.2%), anxiety problems (33.8%) and affective problems (31%). Conclusions: Findings from the present study provide further evidence to support the high prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems, which could result in multiple psychiatric diagnoses among children with high-functioning ASD.
Derelicte and the Oppressed: Zoolander, Hollywood, and Representing Activism
Authors: Dobson Kit 
Published: December 2010

Abstract: This paper, reading from Gayatri Spivak's ongoing revisions of her critique of subalternity, examines how the rebel figure in the 2001 screwball comedy Zoolander is brought into being and draws out the represented power structures according to broader social patterns in Hollywood depictions of resistance. While Zoolander is caught up in a politics that might lead to displaced forms of representation, its visual spectacle, juxtaposing poverty and opulence, illustrates a continuing problem in popular visual depictions of resistance and political struggle, a problem that requires analysis on a transnational scale.
Between the Town and the Mountain: Abortion and the Politics of Life in Edith Wharton's Summer
Authors: Weingarten Karen 
Published: December 2010

Abstract: In the early twentieth century, American laws focused on women's reproductive capacities and were coalescing into the ethical and moral frameworks that subtend American reproductive politics today. Edith Wharton published her 1917 novel, Summer, at a time when anti-abortion sentiment was widespread in American culture. Through a reading of Summer, the article provides a theoretical and historical framework for understanding this new American obsession with the judicial regulation of women's reproductive options. In particular, I situate the novel's presentation of abortion within the tension between the carefully defined laws of North Dormer, the town in which the majority of the story takes place, and the lawlessness of the Mountain, a place that looms throughout the story as the protagonist's birthplace and a location of utmost abjection. The novel's profound insight is that power does not function unilaterally and individually but through and on the population. Furthermore, Wharton leaps ahead by recognizing that life is not simply that which lives but that which is recognized and embraced by the law. This realization, one that Wharton must have come to terms with through her painful work with World War I refugees, shapes Charity's character and her understanding not only of how reproduction is regulated but also of how living within this regulation and control generates the norm and offers the only possibility for a liveable and legible life.