bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary antifungal and cytotoxic evaluation of synthetic cycloalkyl[b]thiophene derivatives with PLS-DA analysis
Authors: Souza Beatriz , De Oliveira Tiago , Aquino Thiago , de Lima Maria , Pitta Ivan , Galdino Suely , Lima Edeltrudes , Gonçalves-Silva Teresinha , Militão Gardênia , Scotti Luciana , Scotti Marcus , Mendonça Francisco 
Published: June 2012

Preliminary antifungal and cytotoxic evaluation of synthetic cycloalkyl[b]thiophene derivatives with PLS-DA analysisA series of 2-[(arylidene)amino]-cycloalkyl[b]thiophene-3-carbonitriles (2a-x) was synthesized by incorporation of substituted aromatic aldehydes in Gewald adducts (1a-c). The title compounds were screened for their antifungal activity againstCandida kruseiandCriptococcus neoformansand for their antiproliferative activity against a panel of 3 human cancer cell lines (HT29, NCI H-292 and HEP). For antiproliferative activity, the partial least squares (PLS) methodology was applied. Some of the prepared compounds exhibited promising antifungal and proliferative properties. The most active compounds for antifungal activity were cyclohexyl[b]thiophene derivatives, and for antiproliferative activity cycloheptyl[b]thiophene derivatives, especially 2-[(1H-indol-2-yl-methylidene)amino]- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (2r), which inhibited more than 97 % growth of the three cell lines. The PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) applied generated good exploratory and predictive results and showed that the descriptors having shape characteristics were strongly correlated with the biological data.
The Assessment of Health Care System Operation Efficiency Based on the Example of Poviats of Łódź and West Pomeranian Voivodships
Authors: Rozpędowska-Matraszek Danuta 
Published: June 2012

The Assessment of Health Care System Operation Efficiency Based on the Example of Poviats of Łódź and West Pomeranian VoivodshipsThe operation of health care in poviats allows to determine the role of the health care system in the region. The subjects of the analysis are poviats of Łódź and West Pomeranian voivodships characterised by different economic development levels. The analysis uses such tools as agglomerative methods of clustering and econometric models estimated on the basis of panel data. Similar groups of poviats were selected based on their health care system operation levels and econometric analysis was performed concerning factors significantly affecting accessibility of health care in the poviats.
Dilemmas of Economic Measurements in Weak Scales
Authors: Wiśniewski Jerzy 
Published: June 2012

Dilemmas of Economic Measurements in Weak Scales
The attempts to measure economic phenomena and processes of qualitative nature have become commonplace among scholars engaged in empirical research. The use of measurement in the nominal and ordinal scales, however, requires a thorough knowledge of the meaning of numbers generated in the course of such operations. It is also necessary to have knowledge of acceptable statistical and econometric tools to be used in such research. Unfortunately, researchers often apply methods that are not acceptable for the numbers in the weak scales. As a result they "soup up" the outcome of their empirical research, instead of achieving a substantive truth. This article is devoted to the possibilities of statistical analysis of numbers resulting from the weak scale measurement.
Development of selected motor skills in boys and girls in relation to their rate of maturation – a longitudinal study
Authors: Sokołowski Bartłomiej , Chrzanowska Maria 
Published: June 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the process of how motor skills were developed and shaped in boys and girls in relation to their rate of maturation, based on the use of peak height velocity (PHV), which measures biological maturity.MethodsThis study made use of a longitudinal study researching the physical fitness of boys and girls from Kraków, Poland during the years 1980–1990. From the original sample population, 296 boys and 196 girls were selected for further analysis. Physical fitness tests were administered over the subsequent decade, measuring the following motor skills: speed, explosive strength of the lower limbs, static strength of the right and left hand, agility, dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles, static endurance of the upper limbs and shoulders, and flexibility. On the basis of the median and PHV age quartiles for both sexes, the examined individuals were divided into two cohorts: early maturers and late maturers. The mean values and standard deviations of the physical fitness test results were calculated based on biological age. Afterwards, the means and standard deviations of each tested motor skill of the early maturers were standardized into means and standard deviations of the late maturers.ResultsThe motor skills best performed in all age groups and in both sexes by early maturers were in tests of static strength of the hands. In the group of boys, early maturers in all age groups also performed the best in tests of speed and explosive strength of the lower limbs. Late-maturing girls were positively differentiated in each age group in tests of static strength of the upper limbs and shoulders, and in the dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles.ConclusionsThe rate of maturation was found to significantly influence the results of fitness tests, particularly in the case of boys.
Tourism and recreation as a driving force for forecasting biodiversity changes: Lake Engure watershed area as an example
Authors: Rozīte Maija , Vinklere Daina 
Published: June 2012

Tourism and recreation as a driving force for forecasting biodiversity changes: Lake Engure watershed area as an example
The aim of the research was to evaluate tourism as a driving force and its pressures in the Lake Engure drainage basin area to forecast the possible long-term changes in biodiversity, in accordance with the DPSIR (Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses) framework, used by European Environment Agency (EEA). A map of the territory, divided into three tourism zones, was charted using secondary data sources, field research data and surveys of holiday-makers. Tourism enterprises and service providers as driving forces and the pressures created were evaluated, and statistical data on capacity of tourist accommodation, a number of people employed in the tourism industry and a number of tourists in the territory were summarised. Owners of summer houses and recreationists were surveyed in regard of their behaviour, the local services offered, the involvement of local municipality in the process and their future plans, and these factors were studied to evaluate the possible impact of second house tourism. The results indicate that tourism and recreation as a driving force is most active in the coastal zone, however, there is not a big tourist flow. In the future the territory will be mainly used for transit tourism, second-home tourism and recreation.
Variability in α-tocopherol concentration of husked and naked oat genotypes
Authors: Berga Linda , Zute Sanita 
Published: June 2012

Variability in α-tocopherol concentration of husked and naked oat genotypes
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is recognised as a healthy food in the world. Oat contains significant amounts of fat-soluble vitamin E (α-tocopherol), a substance with high antioxidant activity. The main tasks of this study were to characterise the variability of α-tocopherol concentration of oat varieties and breeding lines bred in Latvia and foreign countries. Field trials were carried out at the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute in 2007 and 2008. Sixty four oat genotypes (52 husked and 12 naked) were tested for α-tocopherol using high-performance liquid-chromatography. The obtained results showed a wide range of α-tocopherol concentration among both husked and naked oat genotypes. The α-tocopherol concentration in husked oat varieties and lines varied from 3.2 to 8.4 mg kg-1and for naked oat from 5.5 to 8.8 mg kg-1. The wide range of α-tocopherol concentration in oat grown in Latvia showed that there is wide choice of material for breeding programmes and that further research should be carried out in future.
State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute: From the Origins to the Present
Authors: Zute Sanita , Belicka Ina , Kalmanis Zigurds 
Published: June 2012

State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute: From the Origins to the Present
Agricultural science is closely linked to circumstances and specific features of development in each region. The State Stende Breeding Station, the first breeding station in independent Latvia, was founded ninety years ago with a goal to raise agricultural production in the country. The Stende Breeding Station was engaged in selection of crop varieties suitable for Latvian conditions, providing farmers with high-quality seeds and knowledge on the cultivation of these varieties. During the years of its existence, the station has witnessed changes in political power, underwent different forms of management and operated under various names. A number of outstanding scientists and agronomists have worked at Stende, including J. Lielmanis, E. Bērziņš, J. Garbars, N. Konrāds, R. Kude, I. Celma, I. Belicka, M. Gruntiņa and others, who have devoted their entire working lives to agricultural science and breeding. In 2006, the agricultural science centre of Stende was transformed into the State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute. Breeding traditions, and cooperation with Latvian farmers, as well as accumulation of knowledge and experience of several generations of scholars is a frame for the existence of the Stende's institute. The most important contribution of Stende's breeders is 65 newly developed varieties of fifteen crop species. Today, the barley variety ‘Abava’, the winter wheat ‘Fredis’ and the spring wheat ‘Uffo’ are well known, not only in Latvia, but also abroad. The achievements of Stende's scientists have gained great appreciation from practicing farmers and agricultural policy makers.
History of wheat breeding in Latvia
Authors: Strazdiņa Vija 
Published: June 2012

History of wheat breeding in Latvia
A gene pool of Latvian winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been created over a very long period, by collection, evaluation and selection of local genetic resources, and investigation of varieties and breeding lines from other countries in the world. It is not only a historical collection, but also serves as the foundation for research and plant breeding. National wheat germplasm is the framework for creating competitive winter and spring wheat varieties of grain with high yield, resistant to lodging and diseases, and quality acceptable for producers in the Baltic agroclimatical region. In Latvia, from 1920 to 1990, the selected wheat varieties were not stable pure lines, but mostly population varieties. After accession to UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants), the requirements for new varieties have changed, and only distinct, uniform and stable varieties, characterised by high economical value are registered in Plant Catalogues. To implement wheat breeding programmes it is necessary to improve breeding methods by plant tissue culture and production of doubled haploids (DH). During 90 years, 16 winter and 11 spring wheat varieties of bread wheat (Tr. aestivum L.) have been created at Priekuļi and Stende and introduced in the market. The achievements of several generations of Latvian wheat breeders are reviewed in this paper.
Need for closure and cognitive structuring among younger and older adults
Authors: Kossowska Małgorzata , Jaśko Katarzyna , Bar-Tal Yoram 
Published: June 2012

Need for closure and cognitive structuring among younger and older adults
The paper reported two correlational studies. The aim of the Study 1 was to examine the hypothesis that age moderates the relationship between need for closure (NFC) and cognitive structuring. Results of the study revealed that aging with increased need for closure was associated with better recognition of irrelevant information than schema-relevant items, in testing hypotheses about the target person. These findings are interpreted as demonstrating the age-associated failure of cognitive abilities (i.e., low efficacy at fulfilling the need for closure), reducing tendency to behave according to the level of epistemic motivation. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that older participants are characterized by higher NFC but by lower EFNC than young participants. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the negative relationships between NFC and cognitive structuring demonstrated by the older participants in Study 1 can be attributed to their lower level of EFNC.
Development of interpersonal trust among children and adolescents
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Colaço Melusina , Rondón Gloria 
Published: June 2012

Development of interpersonal trust among children and adolescentsThe main purpose of the present article is to introduce a topic related to the development of interpersonal trust among children and adolescents. Although this subject, since the beginnings of psychology considered as an academic discipline, has been regarded as an essential component of human functioning, there are still very few theoretical and empirical studies that approach the issue from a developmental point of view. In this paper the three-dimensional conceptualization of interpersonal trust is provided. Furthermore, the article highlights the past and current theoretical and empirical research on the development of interpersonal trust in infants, preschool and school-age children. Finally, some challenges are presented in the field of interpersonal trust studies.
Influence of Over-Cooling the Nodular Cast Iron to the Graphite Form in the Surface Layer
Authors: Hosadyna M. , Dobosz St. , Kusiński J. 
Published: June 2012

Influence of Over-Cooling the Nodular Cast Iron to the Graphite Form in the Surface Layer
A cast iron is gradient material. This means that depending on the cooling rate it is possible, at the same chemical composition and the physicochemical state of molten metal, to obtain material with a different structure. The connection between the wall thickness of the casting and the speed of its cooling expresses the casting module. Along with the module escalation a cooling rate of the casting is reducing what can cause changes of the microstructure and the increased tendency to the crystallization of distorted graphite forms. Inspections of experimental castings from nodular cast iron with different modules were conducted to the graphite form.
Influence of Tungsten and Titanium on the Structure of Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Piasny S. 
Published: June 2012

Influence of Tungsten and Titanium on the Structure of Chromium Cast Iron
The paper analyses the as-cast state structure of chromium cast iron designed for operation under harsh impact-abrasive conditions. In the process of chromium iron castings manufacture, very strong influence on the structure of this material have the parameters of the technological process. Among others, adding to the Fe-Cr-C alloy the alloying elements like tungsten and titanium leads to the formation of additional carbides in the structure of this cast iron, which may favourably affect the casting properties, including the resistance to abrasive wear.
Production of Castings by Patternless Process
Authors: Pastirčák R. , Urgela D. , Krivoš E. 
Published: June 2012

Production of Castings by Patternless ProcessThis paper deals with production of safety inlay for steam locomotive valve by the Patternless Process method. For the moulds creation was used moulding mixtures of II. generation, whereas binder was used a water glass. CNC miller was used for creation of mould cavity. Core was created also by milling into block made of moulding compound. In this article will be presented also making of 3D model, setting of milling tool paths and parameters for milling.
DiSTFAG method robust to gross errors in monitoring displacements and strains in unstable reference systems
Authors: Kamiński Waldemar 
Published: June 2012

DiSTFAG method robust to gross errors in monitoring displacements and strains in unstable reference systems
The DiSTFA method (Displacements and Strains using Transformation and Free Adjustment) was presented in Kamiński (2009). The method has been developed for the determination of displacements and strains of engineering objects in unstable reference systems, as well as for examining the stability of reference points. The DiSTFAG (Gross errors) method presented in the paper is the extension of the DiSTFA method making it robust to gross errors. Theoretical considerations have been supplemented with an example of a practical application on a simulated 3D surveying network.
Chemometrics in Medicine and Pharmacy
Authors: Mocák Ján 
Published: June 2012

Chemometrics in Medicine and PharmacyThis minireview summarizes the basic ways of application of chemometrics in medicine and pharmacy. It brings a collection of applications of chemometric used for the solution of diverse practical problems, e.g. exploitation of biologically active species, effective use of biomarkers, advancement of clinical diagnosis, monitoring of the patient's state and prediction of its perspectives, drug design or classification of toxic chemical substances. The aim of this contribution is a brief presentation of versatile potentialities of contemporary chemometrical techniques and relevant software. They are exemplified by typical cases from literature as well as by own research results of the Chemometrics group at Department of Chemistry, the University of Ss. Cyril & Methodius in Trnava.
Synthesis, Complex Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Derivatives of Furo[3,2-C]Pyridine and Their Starting Compounds
Authors: Hrašna Martin , Ürgeová Eva , Krutošíková Alžbeta 
Published: June 2012

Synthesis, Complex Compounds and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Derivatives of Furo[3,2-C]Pyridine and Their Starting CompoundsSome [3,2-c]pyridine derivatives were synthesized. 3-(Furan-2-yl)propenoic acid (1a) was prepared from furan-2-carbaldehyde under the Perkin's conditions. Obtained acid was converted to the corresponding azide3, which in turn was cyclized to give furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one (4a). The reaction of pyridone4awith phosphorus oxychloride rendered the chloroderivative7a, which was treated in the condition of Suzuki coupling reaction with boronic acid to give 4-phenylfuro[3,2-c]pyridine (8e) and an unexpected product10. Some title compounds have shown moderate to good antimicrobial activity against tested bacteriaXanthomonas sp., Erwinia amylovora, and filamentous fungiPyrenophora avenae, Fusarium graminearum.
Axillary nerve repair by fascicle transfer from the ulnar or median nerve in upper brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Haninec Pavel , Kaiser Radek 
Published: June 2012

Object
Nerve repair using motor fascicles of a different nerve was first described for the repair of elbow flexion (Oberlin technique). In this paper, the authors describe their experience with a similar method for axillary nerve reconstruction in cases of upper brachial plexus palsy.

Methods
Of 791 nerve reconstructions performed by the senior author (P.H.) between 1993 and 2011 in 441 patients with brachial plexus injury, 14 involved axillary nerve repair by fascicle transfer from the ulnar or median nerve. All 14 of these procedures were performed between 2007 and 2010. This technique was used only when there was a deficit of the thoracodorsal or long thoracic nerve, which are normally used as donors.

Results
Nine patients were followed up for 24 months or longer. Good recovery of deltoid muscle strength was seen in 7 (77.8%) of these 9 patients, and in 4 patients with less follow-up (14–23 months), for an overall success rate of 78.6%. The procedure was unsuccessful in 2 of the 9 patients with at least 24 months of follow-up. The first showed no signs of reinnervation of the axillary nerve by either clinical or electromyographic evaluation in 26 months of follow-up, and the second had Medical Research Council (MRC) Grade 2 strength in the deltoid muscle 36 months after the operation. The last of the group of 14 patients has had 12 months of follow-up and is showing progressive improvement of deltoid muscle function (MRC Grade 2).

Conclusions
The authors conclude that fascicle transfer from the ulnar or median nerve onto the axillary nerve is a safe and effective method for reconstruction of the axillary nerve in patients with upper brachial plexus injury.
Emergence d'une culture négociée dans le cadre des projets ERP
Authors: Saint-Léger Guy , Beeler Betty 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Cet article propose une nouvelle approche de la question du facteur culturel dans les échecs des projets d’implantation des systèmes ERP. Cette approche, celle de la « culture négociée », prône le caractère dynamique et évolutif des cultures à l’opposé de la vision déterministe. Elle consiste à créer les conditions permettant l’émergence d’une culture commune entre les personnes de cultures différentes dans l’intérêt de l’atteinte de leurs objectifs communs. Le concept de la culture négociée offre des perspectives intéressantes pour le pilotage des projets ERP, car il traite les divergences culturelles comme une source d’opportunité plutôt qu’une source de blocage. En nous appuyant sur l’approche socio-économique du centre de recherche ISEOR, nous analysons le cas du redressement d’une phase post-ERP en difficulté et montrons comment le pilotage du projet a favorisé l’émergence d’une culture commune à tous les acteurs ainsi que l’appropriation et l’usage de l’outil intégré par ces derniers.
Comment gérer le retour d'expatriation et utiliser les compétences acquises par les expatriés ?
Authors: Barmeyer Christoph , Davoine Eric 
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’employé expatrié a acquis des compétences et une expertise pendant son expérience à l’étranger, un capital que l’entreprise gagne à faire fructifier. Mais comment réintégrer les expatriés de manière à leur permettre de mettre à profit les compétences et les connaissances qu’ils ont accumulées à l’étranger ? Nous appuyant sur une revue de la documentation et sur une étude au sein d’une grande entreprise allemande considérée comme avant-gardiste dans ce domaine, nous présentons une synthèse des compétences qu’une expatriation permet d’acquérir. Par la suite, nous exposons trois grands axes d’action qu’une entreprise peut adopter pour gérer avec succès le retour de ses cadres expatriés, soit la gestion des carrières, le développement des interactions et la valorisation des compétences des expatriés.