bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of manually scored multichannel frontal electroencephalography against polysomnography in a paediatric cohort
Authors: Sigurdardottir Sigridur , Pitkänen Henna , Korkalainen Henri , Kainulainen Samu , Serwatko Marta , Olafsdottir Kristin A. , Sigurðardóttir Sigurveig Þ. , Clausen Michael , Somaskandhan Pranavan , Stražišar Barbara G. , Leppänen Timo , Arnardottir Erna Sif 
Published: February 2025

SummaryPolysomnography is the only internationally recognized method to diagnose paediatric obstructive sleep apnea, thus, simpler and more cost‐effective diagnostic tools are urgently needed. This study aimed to validate the manual scoring of frontal self‐applicable electroencephalography against polysomnography in a paediatric cohort. The polysomnography and the frontal electroencephalography were simultaneously recorded for 1 night (n = 102) in 10–13‐year‐old children. Scoring was performed according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine rules, with minor adjustments to the frontal electroencephalography. Manual scorings of sleep stages were compared in an epoch‐by‐epoch manner using Cohen's kappa (κ) and confusion matrices using three different models: the three‐stage (wake/non‐rapid eye movement/rapid eye movement), the four‐stage (wake/sleep stage 1 + sleep stage 2/deep sleep Stage 3/rapid eye movement) and the five‐stage model (wake/sleep stage 1/sleep stage 2/deep sleep Stage 3/rapid eye movement). The inter‐scorer agreements were assessed, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used for common sleep variables: total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep‐onset latency and arousal index. Cohen's κ values for the three‐stage, four‐stage and five‐stage models were 0.85, 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. The agreement for the sleep variables studied ranged from 0.87 to 0.99. The inter‐rater agreement (n = 10) was κ = 0.78 for the polysomnography and κ = 0.70 for the frontal electroencephalography. Sleep staging from the frontal electroencephalography was comparable to that of a standard polysomnography in a paediatric cohort, and showed promising results in estimating sleep time and sleep architecture.
Continuous Record Asymptotics for Change‐Point Models
Authors: Casini Alessandro , Perron Pierre 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the context of a linear regression model with a single break point, we develop a continuous record asymptotic framework to build inference methods for the break date. We have observations with a sampling frequency over a fixed‐time horizon and let with while keeping the time span fixed. We consider the least‐squares estimate of the break date and establish consistency and convergence rate. We provide a limit theory for shrinking magnitudes of shifts and locally increasing variances. The asymptotic distribution corresponds to the location of the extremum of a function of the quadratic variation of the regressors and of a Gaussian‐centered martingale process over a certain time interval. We can account for the asymmetric informational content provided by the pre‐ and post‐break regimes and show how the location of the break and shift magnitude are key ingredients in shaping the distribution. We consider a feasible version based on plug‐in estimates, which provides a very good approximation to the finite sample distribution. We use the concept of the Highest Density Region to construct confidence sets. Overall, our method is reliable and delivers accurate coverage probabilities and the relatively short average length of the confidence sets. Importantly, it does so irrespective of the size of the break.
Public Debt and the Income Share of the Top One Percent: The Italian Case, 1974–2019
Authors: Papadopoulou Aggela 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper provides evidence that government debt is associated with increases in the income share of the top 1% in Italy between 1974 and 2019. The main argument of this study is that public debt ownership is highly concentrated at the top and interest payments on sovereign bonds are received by the wealthy bondholders. As the tax burden of financing interest payments falls on the entire population, public debt often entails a redistribution of income within a country. On top of that, modern bondholders rarely keep government bonds until maturity; rather they regularly trade in secondary markets to receive capital gains. This paper explores both historically and econometrically the two mechanisms and highlights the relevant importance of coupon payments on the Italian sovereign bonds for rising income inequality. Finally, this is the first paper to examine the drivers of the income share of the top 1% in Italy.
Healthy Landscapes; Communities of Peace
Authors: Hinojosa Vivian Tatiana Camacho 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBolivian Health Vice‐Minister Vivian Camacho delivered the rousing closing presentation of IPRA's 29th Biennial General Conference, held in Trinidad & Tobago. It opened with an Indigenous Quechua fire ritual, included an informative and artistic slide show, and concluded with Camacho reading the poem “No Once Can Stop the Rain” by Black Liberation Army leader Assata Shakur from the We Still Charge Genocide program of the 2021 International Tribunal on US Human Rights Abuses Against Black, Brown, and Indigenous Peoples. This excerpt of Camacho's inspiring multi‐faceted presentation hopefully contains some of the important content and character of her historic talk.
Speech Detection via Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography, Thoracic Impedance, Accelerometers, and Gyroscopes: A Machine Learning‐Informed Comparative Study
Authors: Saygin Melisa , Schoenmakers Myrte , Gevonden Martin , de Geus Eco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSpeech production interferes with the measurement of changes in cardiac vagal activity during acute stress by attenuating the expected drop in heart rate variability. Speech also induces cardiac sympathetic changes similar to those induced by psychological stress. In the laboratory, confounding of physiological stress reactivity by speech may be controlled experimentally. In ambulatory assessments, however, detection of speech episodes would be necessary to separate the physiological effects of psychosocial stress from those of speech. Using machine learning (https://osf.io/bk9nf), we trained and tested speech classification models on data from 56 participants (ages 18–39) under controlled laboratory conditions. They were equipped with privacy‐secure wearables measuring thoracoabdominal respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP from a single and a dual‐band set‐up), thoracic impedance pneumography, and an upper sternum positioned unit with triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes. Following an 80/20 train‐test split, nested cross‐validations were run with the machine learning algorithms XGBoost, gradient boosting, random forest, and logistic regression on the training set to get generalized performance estimates. Speech classification by the best model per method was then validated in the test set. Speech versus no‐speech classification performance (AUC) for both nested cross‐validation and test set predictions was excellent for thorax–abdomen RIP (nested cross‐validation: 96.6%, test set prediction: 98.5%), thorax‐only RIP (97.5%, 99.1%), impedance (97.0%, 97.8%), and accelerometry (99.3%, 99.6%). The sternal accelerometer method outperformed others. These open‐access models leveraging biosignals have the potential to also work in daily life settings. This could enhance the trustworthiness of ambulatory psychophysiology, by enabling detection of speech and controlling for its confounding effects on physiology.
Traditional Versus Improved Varieties of Seed: Is There a Trade‐Off Between Productivity and Risk?
Authors: Bezabih Mintewab , Tarp Finn , Teklewold Hailemariam , Mekonnen Alemu , Gebrehiwot Tagel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe examine how the choice of seed technology—between traditional and improved varieties—impacts crop revenue and the cost of risk in a setting characterized by high uncertainty. The methodological approach combines computation of crop revenue and cost of risk based on moment‐based approximation of a stochastic production function, with a selection‐bias correcting endogenous switching regression estimation. The analysis employs plot level panel data from Ethiopia collected in the years 2021 and 2023. We find that improved seed technology adoption increases crop revenue (Br. 2209/ha) and the cost of risk (Br. 609/ha), overall, compared with traditional seeds adoption. This implies potential tradeoffs between revenue and risk in seed‐ adoption at plot level. Further, in instances where each of the two seed types are adopted, the overall farm income from the technologies would total Br 1600 (for improved seeds) and Br. 485 (for traditional seeds) indicating complementarity in the use of the two sources of seeds at farm level. The results are robust to the number of crops used in the analysis, and disaggregation by farm size. The findings provide useful information in the design of policies that strive to design efficient seed systems that have simultaneous provision of improved and traditional seeds.
Rarefaction Wave Interaction and Existence of a Global Smooth Solution in the Blood Flow Model With Time‐Dependent Body Force
Authors: Mondal Rakib , Minhajul  
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the collision between two rarefaction waves for the one‐dimensional blood flow model with non‐constant body force. We establish the Riemann solutions using phase plane analysis, which are no longer self‐similar. By employing Riemann invariants, we transform the system into a non‐reducible diagonal system in Riemann invariant coordinates. This interaction problem then becomes a Goursat boundary value problem (GBVP) within the interaction region. We demonstrate that no vacuum forms within the interaction domain if the boundary data on characteristics is vacuum‐free, and a vacuum only appears if the two rarefaction waves fail to penetrate each other within a finite time. Furthermore, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the GBVP throughout the entire interaction region using bounds. Finally, we present the results of the interaction, showing that either the rarefaction waves completely penetrate each other or form a vacuum in the solution at a sufficiently large time during the process of penetration.
Breather and Rogue Wave Solutions on the Different Periodic Backgrounds in the Focusing Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Fan Fang‐Cheng , Tang Wang , Yu Guo‐Fu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we construct breather and rogue wave solutions on the different periodic backgrounds in the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation by using the Darboux transformation. First, we present solutions of the Lax pair related to the periodic seed solutions with trivial and nontrivial phases. In this process, different from the previous approaches of employing the nonlinearization of the Lax pair or the traveling wave transformation, we mainly combine the proper assumption with the method of separation of variables. This strategy is more direct and simpler and can be extended to other nonlinear integrable equations. Second, we construct the Kuznetsov–Ma breather and the spatiotemporally periodic breather on the periodic background. Their asymptotic expressions are obtained, which can be used to show that the related nonlinear waves appear on the periodic background. The corresponding dynamical properties and evolution states are illustrated graphically. Finally, at branch points of breathers, the rogue waves on the periodic background are derived and their characteristics are analyzed. For breather and rogue wave solutions, we both investigate the relationship between parameters and solutions' structures and the limits when the elliptic modulus approach to 0 and 1. All the results in this paper might be helpful for us to understand the dynamics of breathers and rogue waves on the periodic background.
How to … Co‐design Education With Healthcare Consumers
Authors: Brand Gabrielle , Sheers Carli , Hansen Alison , Stephens Georgie , Dart Janeane , Shannon Brendan , Bonnamy James 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHealth professions education cultures and practices are changing, with increasing calls to actively partner with healthcare consumers across the education continuum, including informing health professions education content, curriculum design and pedagogical approaches. This movement towards valuing and foregrounding lived experience expertise in health professions and clinical education has clear benefits for learners, including developing more humanistic, person‐centred health professionals and practice. For healthcare consumers, it offers an opportunity to shift traditional power relations in health professions education through meaningful partnership and increased agency to improve education and the outcomes of healthcare. This paper outlines how to establish and sustain collaborative and successful partnerships with healthcare consumers to co‐design health professions education. Here, we provide applied examples and lessons learned from four co‐designed projects across four healthcare disciplines and learning contexts to advance clinical educators' skills, capacity and confidence to partner with healthcare consumers in health professions education.
Prevalence of anaemia among blood donors in eastern Morocco: The need for pre‐donation haemoglobin assessment
Authors: Belmokhtar Ihab , Belmokhtar Karam Yahya , Lhousni Saida , Boulouiz Redouane , Sidqi Zaina , Choukri Mohammed , Seddik Rachid , Bellaoui Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia remains the main cause of deferral in blood donation. However, in Morocco, pre‐donation haemoglobin measurement is not systematic.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors such as sex, age and iron deficiency among blood donors in eastern Morocco in order to improve donor management practices.Methods/MaterialsThe study involved 2013 blood donors from the BRO Biobank. Blood samples were analysed using an automatic blood cell analyser for complete blood counts. Serum ferritin was measured by chemical and immunological analyser. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin levels less than 13 g/dL in men and 12 g/dL in women, according to the WHO recommendation.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anaemia in eastern Morocco was 9.84% and it varied significantly by region. The majority of anaemic individuals were iron‐deprived (88.64%). Anaemia was much higher in females (14.74%) than in males (5.46%). The highest prevalence of anaemia among females was in the age group of 18–20 years (25.2%), while among males it was in the age group of 61–65 years (18.52%).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of anaemia among blood donors in eastern Morocco highlights the need to implement pre‐donation haemoglobin assessment in donor selection guidelines and to consider optional ferritin testing for at‐risk populations. Moreover, educating donors about iron deficiency and iron‐rich diets is essential for sustaining donor health and eligibility.
How do we implement a prehospital whole blood administration program for shock trauma patients on a statewide basis?
Authors: Rosenbaum Robert A. , Dworkin Mollee , Eisenman Justin , Cowan Paul , Burch Kyle , Dattoli Jordan , Aber David , Starr‐Leach Kelli , Wright John , Mauch Robert , Nichols Michael , Logemann Mark , Johnson Christopher , Huss Britany , Jones Michelle E. , Shane Dawn , Kappers Sydney , Sachais Bruce S. , Frederick Kristin M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSince bleeding is a major cause of early mortality in trauma, there is continued interest in providing transfusion support as early as possible to trauma patients. Various approaches have been taken to accomplish this, including the rapid provision of blood products upon arrival at the hospital, as well as a variety of prehospital approaches. However, implementing prehospital blood availability statewide for use in all populations has been limited.Study Design and MethodsThe program described for prehospital transfusion identifies a direct partnership between state EMS providers and the local blood center. Predictive modeling is compared to early outcome data of the first 100 patients who received whole blood from this program. Additional discussion contains key elements of the program, including planning, validation, and implementation.ResultsBetween May 2023 and July 2024, an average of 11 prehospital whole blood units were transfused per month against the projected average of 10–16 units administered per month, with the median time to transfusion of 29.2 min. The leading reason for blood administration was due to blunt trauma. Of the patients who were not in prehospital cardiac arrest prior to paramedic arrival or excluded for other reasons, approximately 95% survived to hospital discharge.DiscussionImplementation of prehospital whole blood across the state has demonstrated effectiveness early within the first year of the program. Continued process improvements will be implemented with statewide ground paramedic agency utilization of whole blood as well as expansion into aviation divisions for more expedient whole blood administration times.
Successful bacteriophage therapy of pyoderma caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a dog
Authors: Mota Sá Cátia , Rodrigues Cláudia , Silva Vanessa , Azeredo Joana , Melo Luís D. R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPyoderma caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius poses significant challenges to canine health. Successful therapy requires an integrated approach to prudent antimicrobial use. This report describes the successful treatment of a dog with generalised superficial pyoderma using a topical formulation of S. pseudintermedius phage applied once daily for a period of 30 days.
Retrospective analysis of thermographic imaging in early detection of pressure injuries
Authors: Burke Olivia M. , Kirsner Robert S. , Elman Scott A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPressure injuries in critically ill patients present a significant healthcare burden. Traditional methods, such as the Braden score, assess the risk of developing pressure injuries by evaluating factors like sensory perception, moisture and mobility. In contrast, thermographic imaging, which measures variations in skin temperature, offers a promising tool for not only assessing risk but also enabling earlier identification of pressure injuries. This study assessed thermographic imaging's ability to detect existing and evolving pressure injuries in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients and compared its accuracy with the Braden score. Among 465 patients, 76 underwent thermographic evaluations of the sacrum and/or heel. Of 25 patients with pressure injuries at admission, 23 had abnormal thermographic scores. Fifteen patient developed pressure injuries during SICU admission. Logistic regression showed that abnormal thermographic scores significantly increased the likelihood of detecting both existing and new injuries, while the Braden score was not a significant predictor. Thermographic imaging appears to be a superior predictor of pressure injuries, offering earlier detection and potentially improving patient outcomes while reducing healthcare costs.
Pressure injuries and biofilms: Microbiome, model systems and therapies
Authors: Kabir Fahad , Yung Deborah Bow Yue , da Cruz Nizer Waleska Stephanie , Allison Kira Noelle , Zigic Sandra , Russell Emily , DeZeeuw Katrina G. , Marek Jonah E. , Cassol Edana , Pletzer Daniel , Overhage Joerg 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChronic wounds have emerged as significant clinical problems owing to their increasing incidence and greater recognition of associated morbidity and socio‐economic burden. They are defined as wounds that do not progress normally through the stages of healing in a timely and/or orderly manner. Pressure injuries, in particular, represent a serious problem for patients who are elderly or have limited mobility, such as wheelchair users or those who spend most of the day in bed. These injuries often result from prolonged pressure exerted on the skin over the bone. Treatment of pressure injuries is complex and costly. Emerging evidence suggests that the pressure injury microbiome plays a vital role in chronic wound formation and delaying wound healing. Additionally, antibiotics often fail due to the formation of resistant biofilms and the emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria. In this review, we will summarise the current knowledge on: (a) biofilms and microbiomes in pressure injuries; (b) in vitro and in vivo model systems to study pressure injuries, and (c) current therapies and novel treatment approaches. Understanding the complex interactions between microbes and the host immune system in pressure injuries will provide valuable insights to improve patient outcomes.
Tunable metamaterial lens for ultra-broadband hydroacoustic focusing
Authors: Guo Rui , Liu Runquan , Liu Hao , Zuo Lei , Zhang Kai , Zhang Quan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acoustic metamaterial plays a vital role in underwater engineering applications. Here we present a novel tunable underwater metamaterial for ultra-broadband hydroacoustic focusing. The material consists of a soft matrix embedded with cavities that are surrounded by solid shells. The proposed design enables on-demand tuning of the effective acoustic parameters of the composite material through two independent regulation strategies, namely, i) filling the cavities with different liquids, and ii) stretching the soft matrix. We develop a theoretical framework for calculating the effective parameters of the material and validate it through finite element simulations and experiments. Our theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed material is able to achieve a widely tunable refraction index while maintaining a high transmission coefficient. In addition, a hydroacoustic focusing functionality is demonstrated using the proposed metamaterials. These findings set the stage for the development of next-generation hydroacoustic materials for underwater communication and acoustic imaging technologies.