bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Outside the Shul”: The American Soviet Jewry Movement and the Rise of Solidarity Orthodoxy, 1964–1986
Authors: Ferziger Adam S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractConcern for the plight of Soviet Jewry grew steadily from the early 1950s. The rise of this issue to the forefront of American Jewish consciousness, however, was driven by the broader protest movement that emerged in the mid-1960s. Its central goal was to ensure civic and religious rights for Jewish residents of the Soviet Union, with a particular emphasis on the ability to emigrate. The movement's peak impact was in the 1970s. This decade witnessed the proliferation of grassroots organizations throughout the United States, along with the adoption of a more activist orientation by large segments of the American Jewish establishment.To date, minimal attention has been paid to the place of the Soviet Jewry movement in the religious history of American Judaism. The article's investigation of American Orthodoxy's role is intended to confront this lacuna and describes the central role played by Orthodox Jews in the rise and development of the Soviet Jewry movement. Through their actions, the members of this segment of American Jewry experienced a role reversal in which they helped to redefine the nature of the Jewish relationship to the public sphere. Simultaneously, such activism sharpened the internal divide between Modern Orthodoxy and its traditionalist counterparts who opposed demonstrations, encouraged quiet diplomacy, and were loathe to work in unison with the broader Jewish community. Through their involvement in a core Jewish activity that entailed partnership with non-Orthodox Jews in efforts for their common brethren, a generation of Modern Orthodox leaders arose that made Jewish solidarity a central expression of their Orthodox religious identities.
Temperature-Sensitive and Circadian Oscillators ofNeurospora crassaShare Components
Authors: Hunt Suzanne , Elvin Mark , Heintzen Christian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn Neurospora crassa, the interactions between products of the frequency (frq), frequency-interacting RNA helicase (frh), white collar-1 (wc-1), and white collar-2 (wc-2) genes establish a molecular circadian clockwork, called the FRQ-WC-Oscillator (FWO), which is required for the generation of molecular and overt circadian rhythmicity. In strains carrying nonfunctional frq alleles, circadian rhythms in asexual spore development (conidiation) are abolished in constant conditions, yet conidiation remains rhythmic in temperature cycles. Certain characteristics of these temperature-synchronized rhythms have been attributed to the activity of a FRQ-less oscillator (FLO). The molecular components of this FLO are as yet unknown. To test whether the FLO depends on other circadian clock components, we created a strain that carries deletions in the frq, wc-1, wc-2, and vivid (vvd) genes. Conidiation in this ΔFWO strain was still synchronized to cyclic temperature programs, but temperature-induced rhythmicity was distinct from that seen in single frq knockout strains. These results and other evidence presented indicate that components of the FWO are part of the temperature-induced FLO.
Modulation of Yeast Alkaline Cation Tolerance by Ypi1 Requires Calcineurin
Authors: Marquina Maribel , González Asier , Barreto Lina , Gelis Samuel , Muñoz Iván , Ruiz Amparo , Álvarez Mari Carmen , Ramos José , Ariño Joaquín 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Ypi1 was discovered as an essential protein able to act as a regulatory subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 protein phosphatase Glc7 and play a key role in mitosis. We show here that partial depletion of Ypi1 causes lithium sensitivity and that high levels of this protein confer a lithium-tolerant phenotype to yeast cells. Remarkably, this phenotype was independent of the role of Ypi1 as a Glc7 regulatory subunit. Lithium tolerance in cells overexpressing Ypi1 was caused by a combination of increased efflux of lithium, mediated by augmented expression of the alkaline cation ATPase ENA1, and decreased lithium influx through the Trk1,2 high-affinity potassium transporters. Deletion of CNB1, encoding the regulatory subunit of the calcineurin phosphatase, blocked Ypi1-induced expression of ENA1, normalized Li+ fluxes, and abolished the Li+ hypertolerant phenotype of Ypi1-overexpressing cells. These results point to a complex role of Ypi1 on the regulation of cation homeostasis, largely mediated by the calcineurin phosphatase.
Wetting of Polyamide Film Surfaces with Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Stachewicz Urszula , Benett Chantal , Barber Asa H. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe wetting behavior of polyamide films was modified by depositing electrospun nanofibers manufactured from the same polyamide material. Glycerol contact angles on the film surfaces with low coverage of electrospun nanofibers were successfully predicted using a Cassie-Baxter relationship but could not be predicted for high electrospun nanofiber coverage.
Selective Aggregation of Hydrophilic Gangue Minerals in Froth Flotation
Authors: Liu Qi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn a highly dispersed flotation pulp, ultrafine hydrophilic minerals can entrain into froth products even though they may be perfectly hydrophilic. Therefore, effective depression of the hydrophilic minerals in froth flotation relies not only on rendering the minerals hydrophilic, but also on proper particle size control. In this paper, it will be shown that several depressants in mineral flotation systems indeed not only make the minerals hydrophilic but also cause selective coagulation or flocculation of the hydrophilic minerals. As a result, both the genuine flotation and the hydraulic entrainment of the hydrophilic minerals are reduced. The aforementioned depressants and mineral flotation systems include: zinc sulfate in the depression of sphalerite while copper sulfide and lead sulfide are floated; starch in the depression of iron oxides and phosphates while quartz is floated; polyethylene oxide in the depression of quartz while sulfide minerals such as chalcopyrite is floated.Therefore, in fine and ultrafine particle flotation, the flotation depressants should be able to not only make the to-be-depressed minerals hydrophilic, but also make them selectively aggregate.
Production process of zeolite X using alum sludge issued from drinking water treatment plants
Authors: Espejel-Ayala F. , Ramírez Z. R. M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe present work describes a patent applied for registration at the IMPI (Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial) of a production process of zeolite X using as raw materials alum sludges issued from drinking water treatment plants. Sludge sample was collected in a water drinking plant located northern Mexico City. The sample was dried and then physicochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out (metal content, main oxides content, mineralogical analysis, helminth eggs content, fecal coliforms). In accordance with its characterization, two main steps of the zeolites production process were performed: 1) alkaline fusion of alum sludge-NaOH mixture for increasing the dissolved precursor’s content and 2) alkaline hydrothermal treatment. Spherical particles of zeolite X were identified by SEM and XRD respectively. The best synthesized zeolite showed a CEC=2.11 meq/g, value being similar to the data reported for clinoptilolite (the most commonly zeolite used for water treatment in the removal of heavy metals). Thus, the synthesized zeolite X in this work can be used for the same purpose.
Mathematical Simulation of the Copper Drossing in Lead Bath with Sulphur Injection
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Victor Hugo , Cruz Ramírez Alejandro , Vargas Ramírez Marissa , Gonzalez Nava Marlenne , Sánchez Martínez Angélica 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTLead is an engineering material used mainly in the manufacturing of lead-acid batteries for the automotive industry. Lead recovery from exhausted batteries is carried out by the pyrometallurgical route by injecting sulfur the powder reagent through a lance into the lead bath. In this work a mathematical simulation was carried out on the copper drossing process with the software COMSOL 3.4. A kinetic study of the injection process of the lance-kettle system was carried out. The copper concentration profiles were obtained according with the injection rate of the particles. The best conditions for the copper drossing process were an injection rate of 3.31 m/s at 380°C. The modeling results were validated with experimental results obtaining good agreement.
ANALYSIS OF WASHABILITY OF SABINAS BASIN COAL: INFLUENCE OF ASH CONTENT AND FIXED CARBON ON CALORIFIC VALUE.
Authors: Martínez-Carrillo D. , Pecina-Treviño E.T. , Gómez-Borrego M.A. , Estrada-Ruiz R.H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCoal deposits in Mexico were firstly recognized back in 1850, the main coal deposits in Mexico are located north of the Coahuila State. Coal samples from coal mines of Sabinas Basin were collected and analyzed for chemical composition, separation characteristic and calorific value (CV). The analytical data indicate that the coals usually have low or high ash content (Ash), 17 – 50 wt %, depending on the sample source. Comparison of the calorific value with both ahs content and fixed carbon, indicate that these two parameters are directly connected together: the higher the calorific value of coal, the lower the ash content and high fixed carbon content. Rejection of the ash using sink-flotation technique and their ratio whit the calorific value (CV/Ash) was evaluated in this study. Also, the ratio of Calorific value to fixed carbon (FC) was analyzed. Washability analyses for selected coal sample (+1 ½”, -1 ½” + ½”, -½” +¼“, - ¼“ + 1/16”, -1/16” +#100, size group) using heavy organic liquids with a density from 1.3 to 1.6 gr/cm3, were carried out. Calorific value-ash (%)-Fixed Carbon relationship was presented. The results indicate that the ratio CV/Ash vs. specific gravity has an exponential behavior, whereas the value of the ratio CV/FC was found to be 117.3.
Discrete Material Media Under Vertical Perturbation
Authors: Damas José , Zurigel Iker , Maza Diego 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work we present new experimental results about the packing fraction of a granular monolayer excited by taps in the gravity direction. The role of large amplitude of tapping is discussed. Also, the relationship between packing fraction and the number of particles in the sample is analyzed.
Research on Preparation and Performance of Vandium Tailings-based Geopolymer
Authors: Chen Tie-jun , Zhang Yi-min , Jiao Xiang-ke , Zhao Jie 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTVanadium-beard bone coal is one of important vanadium resources in China. to extract vanadium tailings from Stone coal is prduced after extracted vanadium from stone coal through the roasting, leaching and other processes. About 120-150 tons of tailings will be produced in extracting 1 ton of vanadium pentoxide. A lot of tailings that are willfully piled up have caused serious environmental pollution and wasting of resources; it is therefore necessary to realize its resource utilization. This study increases the activity of vanadium tailings by means of alkali fusion, and then uses different alkali activators to react with vanadium tailings so that geopolymer with high value added is produced. Sample of geopolymer is acquired from mixture containing vanadium tailings, alkali activators, water and a little sodium aluminate through compression-molding process under 20MPa pressure. After cured in room temperature for three days, the maximum compressive strength of the sample can reach 36.2MPa. XRD analysis indicates: quartz, the major crystal phase in vanadium tailings is decomposed and the activity of vanadium tailings is heightened. FTIR and SEM analyses show: structural change having important impact on the mechanical strength of geopolymer occurred during the process of vanadium tailings generating geopolymer.
Acute Effects of Very-Low-Protein Diet on FGF23 Levels
Authors: Di Iorio Biagio , Di Micco Lucia , Torraca Serena , Sirico Maria Luisa , Russo Luigi , Pota Andrea , Mirenghi Francesco , Russo Domenico 
Published: February 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
High levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 are associated with mortality, CKD progression, and calcification in CKD patients. The aim of this pilot study is to assess whether a very-low-protein diet (0.3 g/kg per day) with a consequent low intake of phosphorus would reduce fibroblast growth factor 23 compared with a low-protein diet (0.6 g/kg per day) in CKD patients not yet on dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A prospective, randomized, controlled crossover study was performed in which 32 patients were randomized into two groups. Group A (16 patients) received a very-low-protein diet (0.3 g/kg body wt per day) supplemented with ketoanalogues during the first week and a low-protein diet during the second week, and group B (16 patients) received a low-protein diet during the first week and a very-low-protein diet during the second week. Fibroblast growth factor 23, seric, and urinary phosphate levels were measured at baseline and the end of each study period.

Results
After only 1 week of the very-low-protein diet, reductions in fibroblast growth factor 23 levels (33.5%), serum phosphate (12%), and urinary phosphate (34%) with the very-low-protein diet compared with the low-protein diet were observed. Serum and urinary phosphate levels and protein intake were significant determinants of fibroblast growth factor 23 (95% confidence interval=1.04–1.19, 1.12–1.37, and 1.51–2.23, respectively).

Conclusions
A very-low-protein diet supplemented with ketoanalogues reduced fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in CKD patients not yet on dialysis.
Fluoroscopic Manipulation of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters
Authors: Miller Matthew , McCormick Brendan , Lavoie Susan , Biyani Mohan , Zimmerman Deborah 
Published: February 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Mechanical failure of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter is an important cause of technique failure. Fluoroscopic guidewire manipulation may be undertaken in an attempt to correct the failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of fluoroscopic manipulation of previously embedded PD catheters, the factors associated with successful manipulation, and the complication rate associated with manipulation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A single-center, retrospective review of 70 consecutive PD patients undergoing fluoroscopic manipulation for mechanical failure of their PD catheter from June 2006 to February 2011 was undertaken. Logistic regression models were developed to determine the variables associated with successful manipulation.

Results
Of the 70 manipulations, 44 were successful (62.9%). In univariate analysis, catheters located in the pelvis compared with those in the upper abdomen (73.5% versus 42.9%, P=0.01) and catheters that were previously functional compared with those that failed at exteriorization (75.0% versus 46.7%, P=0.04) were more likely to be successfully manipulated. Time embedded, previous hemodialysis, and number of intra-abdominal surgeries were not correlated with likelihood of successful manipulation. In multivariate analysis, catheters located in the pelvis (P=0.01) and those with secondary failure (P=0.01) were more likely to successfully manipulated. Two of the patients developed peritonitis (2.9%), neither requiring cessation of PD.

Conclusions
Fluoroscopic manipulation is an effective and safe therapy for failed PD catheters that are unresponsive to conservative treatment. Properly positioned catheters and those that were previously functional are more likely to be successfully manipulated.
Microleakage of IPS Empress 2 Inlay Restorations Luted With Self-adhesive Resin Cements
Authors: Cal E , Celik EU , Turkun M 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Objective
To assess the microleakage of three self-adhesive and one etch-and-rinse resin cements when luting IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) all-ceramic inlay restorations to the prepared cavities in extracted human molars.

Methods
The cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 40 extracted human third molars using diamond burs. The IPS Empress 2 ceramic inlays were placed with Multilink Sprint (Ivoclar Vivadent), RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE, USA), G-Cem (GC, Japan), or Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent) as the control group. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, samples were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles between baths of 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 30 seconds. The microleakage scores were examined on the occlusal and gingival margins at 30× magnification after each sample was stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin and sectioned into three parts using a thin diamond blade (Isomet, Buehler, USA) (n=40). The extent of microleakage on both occlusal and gingival margins of the restorations was scored and recorded. The microleakage data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.

Results
Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in both margins according to the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p&lt;0.05). Microleakage scores on the occlusal margins were Variolink II &lt; RelyX Unicem &lt; G-Cem = Multilink Sprint. Microleakage scores on the gingival margins are Variolink II = RelyX Unicem &lt; G-Cem &lt; Multilink Sprint.

Conclusion
Self-adhesive resin cements displayed higher microleakage scores on the occlusal margins, whereas on the gingival margins RelyX Unicem showed comparable microleakage results with the control samples.
Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Deep Dentin After Treatment With Two Different Collagen Cross-linking Agents at Varying Time Intervals
Authors: Srinivasulu S , Vidhya S , Sujatha M , Mahalaxmi S 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Objective
This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength of composite resin to deep dentin using a total etch adhesive after treatment with two collagen cross-linking agents at varying time intervals.

Materials and Methods
Thirty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were sectioned longitudinally into equal mesial and distal halves (n=60). The proximal deep dentin was exposed, maintaining a remaining dentin thickness (RDT) of approximately 1 mm. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups based on the surface treatment of dentin prior to bonding as follows: group I (n=12, control): no prior dentin surface treatment; group II (n=24): dentin surface pretreated with 10% sodium ascorbate; and group III (n=24): dentin surface pretreated with 6.5% proanthocyanidin. Groups II and III were further subdivided into two subgroups of 12 specimens each, based on the pretreatment time of five minutes (subgroup A) and 10 minutes (subgroup B). Shear bond strength of the specimens was tested with a universal testing machine, and the data were statistically analyzed.

Results
Significantly higher shear bond strength to deep dentin was observed in teeth treated with 10% sodium ascorbate (group II) and 6.5% proanthocyanidin (group III) compared to the control group (group I). Among the collagen cross-linkers used, specimens treated with proanthocyanidin showed significantly higher shear bond strength values than those treated with sodium ascorbate. No significant difference was observed between the five-minute and 10-minute pretreatment times in groups II and III.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that dentin surface pretreatment with both 10% sodium ascorbate and 6.5% proanthocyanidin resulted in significant improvement in bond strength of resin composite to deep dentin.
Natural infections with Cryptosporidium in the endangered spotted souslik (Spermophilus suslicus)
Authors: Kloch Agnieszka , Bajer Anna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCryptosporidium is an intestinal protozoan parasite prevalent in a wide range of mammals. Although it has been recorded in many hosts, its impact on endangered species is poorly understood. Here we present a preliminary study of four populations of the highly threatened spotted souslik (Spermophilus suslicus), living in the westernmost part of the species range. The populations inhabit fragmented habitats and suffer from loss of genetic variation. An IFA test revealed that 35.9% of sampled animals (41/114) was infected with Cryptosporidium and none with Giardia. The prevalence and infection intensity differed among the populations. In areas grazed by cattle it was about 3 folds higher, which suggests a possible transmission route. To the authors best knowledge the present study is the first report of Cryptosporidium infections in S. suslicus.
Fasciola hepatica miracidia: Lectin binding and stimulation of in vitro miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation
Authors: Georgieva Katya , Georgieva Simona , Mizinska Yana , Stoitsova Stoyanka 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe lectin binding properties of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were studied by a panel of fluorescein- and gold-conjugated lectins (ConA, LCA, WGA, LEA, SBA, HPA and UEA-I). The presence of mannose and/or glucose residues was demonstrated with ConA and LCA as weak diffuse fluorescence of the miracidial surface, which was more intense at the anterior part of the larva. The N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectins WGA and LEA reacted intensely with the whole miracidial surface. No labelling with N-acetylgalactosamine and/or galactose-specific (SBA and HPA) and fucose-specific UEA-I lectins was observed. The possibility that the specific recognition of the miracidial surface carbohydrates by lectins may initiate the process of transformation of the miracidia into sporocysts was examined in vitro in physiological saline for Galba truncatula. Incubation in the presence of ConA and WGA resulted in facilitation of the transformation process. Facilitation was absent in the presence of inhibitor sugars. Incubation in the presence of SBA or UEA-I had no effect. The results suggested a possible impact of carbohydrate-lectin interactions in transformation of miracidia of F. hepatica to sporocysts in vivo.
Spermiogenesis and ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Wardula capitellata (Digenea, Mesometridae), an intestinal parasite of the sparid teleost Sarpa salpa in Senegal
Authors: Bakhoum Abdoulaye , Ndiaye Papa , Sène Aminata , Bâ Cheikh , Miquel Jordi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe spermiogenesis process in Wardula capitellata begins with the formation of a differentiation zone containing two centrioles associated with striated rootlets and an intercentriolar body. Each centriole develops into a free flagellum orthogonal to a median cytoplasmic process. Later these flagella rotate and become parallel to the median cytoplasmic process, which already exhibits two electron-dense areas and spinelike bodies before its proximodistal fusion with the flagella. The final stage of the spermiogenesis is characterized by the constriction of the ring of arched membranes, giving rise to the young spermatozoon, which detaches from the residual cytoplasm. The mature spermatozoon of W. capitellata presents most of the classical characters reported in digenean spermatozoa such as two axonemes of different lengths of the 9 + “1” trepaxonematan pattern, nucleus, mitochondrion, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules and granules of glycogen. However, some peculiarities such as two lateral expansions accompanied by external ornamentation of the plasma membrane and spinelike bodies characterize the mature sperm. Moreover, a new spermatological character is described for the first time, the so-called cytoplasmic ornamented buttons.