bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific DNMT3C flanking sequence preferences facilitate methylation of young murine retrotransposons
Authors: Dossmann Leonie , Emperle Max , Dukatz Michael , de Mendoza Alex , Bashtrykov Pavel , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe DNA methyltransferase DNMT3C appeared as a duplication of the DNMT3B gene in muroids and is required for silencing of young retrotransposons in the male germline. Using specialized assay systems, we investigate the flanking sequence preferences of DNMT3C and observe characteristic preferences for cytosine at the -2 and -1 flank that are unique among DNMT3 enzymes. We identify two amino acids in the catalytic domain of DNMT3C (C543 and V547) that are responsible for the DNMT3C-specific flanking sequence preferences and evolutionary conserved in muroids. Reanalysis of published data shows that DNMT3C flanking preferences are consistent with genome-wide methylation patterns in mouse ES cells only expressing DNMT3C. Strikingly, we show that CpG sites with the preferred flanking sequences of DNMT3C are enriched in murine retrotransposons that were previously identified as DNMT3C targets. Finally, we demonstrate experimentally that DNMT3C has elevated methylation activity on substrates derived from these biological targets. Our data show that DNMT3C flanking sequence preferences match the sequences of young murine retrotransposons which facilitates their methylation. By this, our data provide mechanistic insights into the molecular co-evolution of repeat elements and (epi)genetic defense systems dedicated to maintain genomic stability in mammals.
Fibroblasts’ secretome from calcified and non-calcified dermis in Pseudoxanthoma elasticum differently contributes to elastin calcification
Authors: Lofaro Francesco Demetrio , Costa Sonia , Simone Maria Luisa , Quaglino Daniela , Boraldi Federica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare disease characterized by ectopic calcification, however, despite the widely spread effect of pro/anti-calcifying systemic factors associated with this genetic metabolic condition, it is not known why elastic fibers in the same patient are mainly fragmented or highly mineralized in clinically unaffected (CUS) and affected (CAS) skin, respectively. Cellular morphology and secretome are investigated in vitro in CUS and CAS fibroblasts. Here we show that, compared to CUS, CAS fibroblasts exhibit: a) differently distributed and organized focal adhesions and stress fibers; b) modified cell-matrix interactions (i.e., collagen gel retraction); c) imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; d) differentially expressed pro- and anti-calcifying proteoglycans and elastic-fibers associated glycoproteins. These data emphasize that in the development of pathologic mineral deposition fibroblasts play an active role altering the stability of elastic fibers and of the extracellular matrix milieu creating a local microenvironment guiding the level of matrix remodeling at an extent that may lead to degradation (in CUS) or to degradation and calcification (in CAS) of the elastic component. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of the mineral deposition that can be also associated with several inherited or age-related diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney diseases).
Cost-competitive decentralized ammonia fertilizer production can increase food security
Authors: Tonelli Davide , Rosa Lorenzo , Gabrielli Paolo , Parente Alessandro , Contino Francesco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current centralized configuration of the ammonia industry makes the production of nitrogen fertilizers susceptible to the volatility of fossil fuel prices and involves complex supply chains with long-distance transport costs. An alternative consists of on-site decentralized ammonia production using small modular technologies, such as electric Haber–Bosch or electrocatalytic reduction. Here we evaluate the cost-competitiveness of producing low-carbon ammonia at the farm scale, from a solar agrivoltaic system, or using electricity from the grid, within a novel global fertilizer industry. Projected costs for decentralized ammonia production are compared with historical market prices from centralized production. We find that the cost-competitiveness of decentralized production relies on transport costs and supply chain disruptions. Taking both factors into account, decentralized production could achieve cost-competitiveness for up to 96% of the global ammonia demand by 2030. These results show the potential of decentralized ammonia technologies in revolutionizing the fertilizer industry, particularly in regions facing food insecurity.
Northern Pacific sea-level pressure controls rain-on-snow in North America
Authors: Rasiya Koya Sinan , Kar Kanak Kanti , Roy Tirthankar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRain-on-snow (ROS) events, a phenomenon of liquid rainfall falling over accumulated snowpack, cause quick melting of snow, often leading to rapid and catastrophic flooding. Here we explore the causal drivers of ROS events across North America. A ROS identification method is proposed, which builds on the existing methods but adds more realism in terms of rain and snow conditions for ROS occurrence. We consider a wide range of observed hydrometeorological variables along with climatic oscillations over the period of 1951 to 2022. Causal linkages between the potential drivers and ROS frequency are explored by implementing Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM). Results suggest a strong causal link between the North-Pacific (NP) Index, a measure of sea-level pressure in the Northern Pacific Ocean, and ROS frequencies in North America, specifically in the eastern and western parts. We show the association of the NP index with the hydroclimatic variables and explain how this association might have contributed to this causal link. Thus, our findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms of ROS events in different regions in North America.
Coded environments: data-driven indoor localisation with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Authors: Shah Syed Tariq , Shawky Mahmoud A. , Kazim Jalil ur Rehman , Taha Ahmad , Ansari Shuja , Hasan Syed Faraz , Imran Muhammad Ali , Abbasi Qammer H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces have recently emerged as a revolutionary next-generation wireless networks paradigm that harnesses engineered electromagnetic environments to reshape radio wave propagation. Pioneering research presented in this article establishes the viability of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enhanced indoor localisation and charts a roadmap for its integration into next-generation wireless network architectures. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental analysis of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-enabled indoor localisation scheme that evaluates the localisation accuracy of different machine learning algorithms under varying Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces states, antenna types, and communication setups. The results indicate that incorporating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces can significantly enhance indoor localisation accuracy, achieving an impressive 82.4% success rate. Moreover, this study delves into system performance across varied communication modes and subcarrier configurations. This research is poised to lay the groundwork for implementing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-empowered joint sensing and communications in future next-generation wireless networks.
Testing the reliability of an AI-based large language model to extract ecological information from the scientific literature
Authors: Gougherty Andrew V. , Clipp Hannah L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence-based large language models (LLMs) have the potential to substantially improve the efficiency and scale of ecological research, but their propensity for delivering incorrect information raises significant concern about their usefulness in their current state. Here, we formally test how quickly and accurately an LLM performs in comparison to a human reviewer when tasked with extracting various types of ecological data from the scientific literature. We found the LLM was able to extract relevant data over 50 times faster than the reviewer and had very high accuracy (>90%) in extracting discrete and categorical data, but it performed poorly when extracting certain quantitative data. Our case study shows that LLMs offer great potential for generating large ecological databases at unprecedented speed and scale, but additional quality assurance steps are required to ensure data integrity.
Structure and vibrational properties of 1D molecular wires: from graphene to graphdiyne
Authors: De Boni Francesco , Pilot Roberto , Milani Alberto , Ivanovskaya Viktoria V. , Abraham Raichel J. , Casalini Stefano , Pedron Danilo , Casari Carlo S. , Sambi Mauro , Sedona Francesco 
Published: May 2024

Graphyne- and graphdiyne-based molecular wires on the Au(111) have been obtained by on-surface synthesis, their properties have been studied both in situ (UHV conditions) through STM and XPS and ex situ (in air) through Raman spectroscopy.
The Perspectives of Haitian Parents on Heritage Language Maintenance
Authors: Jocelyn Jessica , Elie Martine , Lucker Jay R. , Harris Ovetta L. H. , Rose Sulare Telford 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The study sought to understand Haitian parents' perspectives on heritage language maintenance with typically developing children.

Method:
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 Haitian parents of typically developing children. A thematic analysis was conducted to determine recurring themes.

Results:
Participants desired to preserve the heritage language; however, factors such as linguistic and class ideologies of Haiti, xenophobia within the United States, and English monolingualism hindered parents' success in maintaining the heritage language.

Conclusion:
The findings from this study demonstrate the need for additional research and resources to help support the Haitian community's desire for heritage language maintenance to promote healthy communication practices, decrease language loss, and foster social communication in the home and community.
A Goal-Writing Framework for Motor-Based Intervention for Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Case Julie , Caspari Susan , Aggarwal Pooja , Stoeckel Ruth 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
There are multiple frameworks for goal writing that are applicable to the practice of speech-language pathology. Motor-based speech disorders are a subset of speech sound disorders that are thought to require specific elements of intervention that are typically not addressed in the traditional frameworks used in the clinical setting. The purpose of this tutorial is to review general approaches of goal writing and suggest additional elements that may be used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of treatment for childhood motor speech disorders, specifically childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).

Method:
Existing models of goal writing were reviewed to ascertain elements common to most of these models. A basic framework was chosen and modified to include behaviors, conditions, and approaches to goal measurement tailored to the clinical needs of children with CAS. A resource for clinical decision making for children with CAS was developed to inform goal writing at the onset of treatment and adaptations that occur over the course of treatment. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how the presented framework can be applied to writing goals for motor-based treatment for two different children with CAS.

Discussion:
Children with CAS require a specialized approach to intervention, which requires goals to reflect the unique clinical needs of this population. This tutorial offers resources that use the best available research evidence and current understanding of effective treatment practices for CAS to guide clinical decision making for motor-based intervention and goal writing. This tutorial is intended to guide treatment planning across varied settings to facilitate progress and optimize treatment outcomes for children with CAS.
A three‐dimensional parabolic equation with fast reordered‐alternate direction decomposition in atmosphere duct environment
Authors: Shuai Liang Shuai , Lei Li , Rui Zhang , Le Ke Lin , Xiao Yang , Chen Li Zhuo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the design and optimisation of marine wireless communication and navigation systems, a thorough investigation of radio wave propagation characteristics under atmospheric ducting conditions is essential. The authors aim to enhance the efficiency of radio wave propagation loss prediction in marine atmospheric ducting environments, proposing a prediction model based on Fast Reordered‐Alternate Direction Decomposition (FR‐ADD). By approximating the diffraction term into three independent components, exploiting the commutative properties of the Fourier transform to reduce the spatial dimensions, and incorporating a rapid algorithm for the parabolic equation, the model optimises the stepping process and significantly improves computational efficiency. Simulation experiments demonstrate that, in the long‐distance and complex marine ducting environments, the model not only maintains prediction accuracy but also substantially reduces computational load and prediction time, effectively realising over‐the‐horizon propagation prediction. In the experiment of radio wave propagation characteristics in the Yellow and Bohai Seas, the simulation data from the FR‐ADD model showed significant correlation with actual measurements and simulations from the AREPS software, confirming the method's efficiency and practicality.
Nebenwirkungen einer medikamentösen Osteoporosetherapie und
Konsequenzen für die Sequenztherapie: Fokus Arzt-Patient
Kommunikation
Authors: Thomasius Friederike , Siggelkow Heide , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose ist in der Mehrzahl der Fälle eine chronische Erkrankung, die auf
Dauer behandelt werden muss. In der Planung der Osteoporosetherapie steht aus
ärztlicher Sicht die Höhe des Frakturrisikos und das Therapieziel der
Frakturrisikoreduktion im Vordergrund, aus Sicht der zu Behandelnden mindestens
zusätzlich das Nebenwirkungspotential von Therapieansätzen. Beides, die Aspekte
der Therapieeffizienz angesichts eines bestimmten Frakturrisikos und die
potentiellen Nebenwirkungen von Therapieansätzen unter Berücksichtigung der
individuellen Anamnese der Patienten sind deswegen zu kommunizieren. Die
potentiell schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen sind im Gespräch direkt zu
adressieren.
Clinica Dr. Spinedi in Orselina/Locarno – Geschichte und
Gegenwart
Authors: Stange Lars Broder , Malchow Holger 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAm 1. April 1997 wurde von Dr. Dario Spinedi die homöopathische Praxistätigkeit
(mit der Möglichkeit einer stationären Behandlung) in die damalige „Clinica
Santa Croce“ verlegt. Mit diesem Schritt begann die erfolgreiche und
wechselhafte Geschichte einer klinischen stationären Abteilung, die bis heute in
ihrer therapeutischen Ausrichtung und Erfahrungsbildung durch Behandlung,
praxisnahe Forschung, Unterricht, Supervision und internationale Kooperation in
Europa einzigartig ist.
Aktuelle und zukünftige pharmakologische Therapieoptionen zur
Behandlung der Osteoporose und deren Wirkmechanismen – ein
Überblick
Authors: Fößl Ines , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAktuell verfügbaren pharmakologischen Therapien zur Behandlung der Osteoporose
verfolgen entweder einen antiresorptiven oder osteoanabolen Ansatz oder sind
dual wirksam. Antiresorptive Therapien (Bisphosphonate, Denosumab, Östrogene und
selektive Östrogenrezeptormodulatoren (SERMs)) erhöhen die Knochenmasse durch
Hemmung der Knochenresorption. Osteoanabole Therapien (Teriparatid und
Abaloparatid) erhöhen die Knochenmasse durch Stimulierung der Knochenbildung.
Als dual wirksam gilt Romosozumab. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die
aktuellen pharmakologischen Therapieformen bei Osteoporose und ihre
Wirkmechanismen vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden neue Behandlungsansätze
besprochen, wie der Einsatz mesenchymaler Stammzellen (MSCs), Extrazellulärer
Vesikel (EVs), die Blockierung des follikelstimulierenden Hormons (FSH) sowie
eine individuelle Anpassung der Bisphosphonat-Dosis.
Local triamcinolone injection and selective add-on oral steroids to prevent esophageal post-endoscopic submucosal dissection stricture: a retrospective analysis in a Western center
Authors: Carpentier Dorian , Englebert Gael , Otero Sanchez Lukas , Bucalau Ana-Maria , Verset Laurine , Demetter Pieter , Eisendrath Pierre , Devière Jacques , Lemmers Arnaud 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Extensive esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissections (ESDs) without preventive measures carry a high risk of stricture. Oral steroids and local injection of triamcinolone acetonide have proven to be effective in Asia for the prevention of esophageal stricture. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a systematic steroid administration protocol for stricture prevention in a Western center.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all esophageal ESDs performed at H.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Brussels between 2016 and 2022. Injection of triamcinolone was performed for mucosal defects between 50% and 89% of the circumference. We added oral corticosteroids for patients with resections of ≥90% of the circumference. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic stenosis at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included the cumulative stricture rate assessed by endoscopy within 6 months of ESD. Potential risk factors of stricture were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results 111 patients underwent 130 esophageal ESDs, with 59 patients receiving triamcinolone acetonide local injection and eight receiving local and oral corticosteroids. The primary outcome demonstrated a stricture incidence of 8.4%. The cumulative stricture rate assessed by endoscopy within 6 months of ESD was 10.4%. A mucosal defect of ≥60 mm in length was associated with a 15-fold increased risk of stricture, with circumferential extent also identified as being an independent prognostic factor for stricture.
Conclusions Our protocol led to a low stricture rate, even after extensive resection. As a single session treatment without systemic side effects, triamcinolone injection could provide benefits as a preventive method after large esophageal resections.
Ultrasound-Assisted, BF3·OEt2-Promoted, Multicomponent Synthesis of Chromene-Based Podophyllotoxin Analogues
Authors: Laurentiz Rosangela S. , Santos Fernanda A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel method was developed to synthesise chromene-lactone analogues of podophyllotoxin using an ultrasound-assisted multicomponent reaction (MCR). The MCR involved tetronic acid, phenols, and aromatic aldehydes and was promoted by BF3·OEt2, resulting in the production of ten derivatives with different substituents on the aromatic rings in yields ranging from 32% to 93%. These compounds are of interest due to their reported activity against tumour cells. Their ease of synthesis through the MCR may allow for more in-depth studies on anticancer activity, as well as investigations of other biological targets. The synthesised derivatives contain important pharmacophoric groups for potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
First Thousand Cases of Intracranial Radiosurgery Treated with Gamma Knife at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Sridhar M.S. , Sarin Arti , Bhatoe H.S. , Pathak Harish C. , Sharma Manish , Gill Maneet , Verma Saurabh K. , Ratan Raj , Chakravarty Nilotpal , Semwal Manoj K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose We present the profile of first 1,000 cases of intracranial radiosurgery (IRS) treated with Gamma Knife system at a government-funded tertiary care hospital in India. In addition to the information on the indications treated, this study provides an idea of the relevance of the Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) for IRS in the fast-changing technological scenario. This study also shows the disease indications for which GKRS was the primary treatment preference.
Materials and Methods Leksell Gamma Knife model 4C was used for GKRS. Leksell G-frame-based stereotactic localization was used for all patients. Axial magnetic resonance imaging scans were used for treatment planning with additional two-dimensional angiography images for patients treated for arteriovenus malformations (AVM). The patient population treated with GKRS at our center mainly comprised of patients referred from across the country.
Results Acoustic schwannoma formed the largest group of patients (27%) followed by meningioma (21%), AVM (18%), pituitary adenoma (16%), brain metastasis (5.3%), trigeminal neuralgia (3%), cavernoma (2.4%), glomus jugulare (1.8%), craniopharyngioma (1.1%) and “others” (5%).
Conclusion The case mix at our center is similar to the overall Indian case mix. However, it is different from the Asian data of 2018 but interestingly similar to the data from Middle East and Africa for 2018. Among the various categories of cranial disorders treated by us, pituitary adenoma tumors had minimum (14/161) and cavernoma tumors had maximum (24/24) proportion of cases managed with GKRS as primary treatment modality.
Rheumatic Diseases Amidst Conflict in Northwest Syria: Unveiling Health Challenges and Implications
Authors: Zakaria Wasim , Ibrahim Yousef 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background The ongoing conflict in Syria has significantly affected the health care system, particularly in the realm of rheumatology. The purpose of this study is to assess the current state of rheumatic diseases in the northwestern region of Syria, where the health care infrastructure has been severely impacted.
Methods This was a retrospective study reviewing all patients with rheumatologic conditions seen in internal medicine clinics in northwest Syria between September 2019 and February 2022. Baseline demographic data and diagnoses were collected retrospectively, without any data duplication, from outpatient clinic records. The study also reviewed the availability of investigations and drugs in the northwestern region of Syria.
Results We analyzed data from 488 patients (average age: 37.4; 63% female) diagnosed with rheumatic diseases. The most prevalent condition was connective tissue disorders (25.6%), with osteoarthritis (12.1%) and rheumatoid arthritis (8.2%) following. The ongoing conflict has led to a significant shortage of rheumatologists, with only three serving a population of 5.5 million. Furthermore, the conflict has disrupted the provision and quality of rheumatology diagnostic tests, reducing patient accessibility. The dearth of medications and increased costs have compounded the complexity of health care for those with rheumatic diseases.
Conclusions This study highlights the urgent need for improved health care services and proposes solutions to address gaps in rheumatic care in northwest Syria.
Nondegenerate Soliton Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Multi-Component Maccari System
Authors: Meng 孟 Yong 勇 , Fang 方 Ping-Ping 乒乒 , Lin 林 Ji 机 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For a multi-component Maccari system with two spatial dimensions, nondegenerate one-soliton and two-soliton solutions are obtained with the bilinear method. It can be seen by drawing the spatial graphs of nondegenerate solitons that the real component of the system shows a cross-shaped structure, while the two solitons of the complex component show a multi-solitoff structure. At the same time, the asymptotic analysis of the interaction behavior of the two solitons is conducted, and it is found that under partially nondegenerate conditions, the real and complex components of the system experience elastic collision and inelastic collision, respectively.