bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Focus Group Study of Mexican Immigrant Men's Perceptions of Weight and Lifestyle
Authors: Martinez Joseph , Powell Jamie , Agne April , Scarinci Isabel , Cherrington Andrea 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveDespite interest in family‐centered obesity and diabetes prevention programs for Latinos, few studies have assessed men's perspectives on obesity‐related behaviors. The objective of this study was to explore Mexican immigrant men's perspectives regarding weight, diet, and physical activity as they relate to the individual and the family.Design and SampleThis was a focus group study with a convenience sample of Mexican immigrant men (n = 16).MeasuresA moderator's guide was used to elicit perceptions of personal and family behaviors influencing weight and lifestyle.ResultsMean age of participants was 41 years (SD ± 12.7), and 100% were born in Mexico. Mean time in Alabama was 8 years. Perceived benefits of a healthy weight included improved mobility and decreased morbidities. Perceived barriers to a healthy lifestyle included demanding work schedules and an environment not conducive to walking. Participants described immigration as having a negative impact on family unity and established meal structures.ConclusionPrevious studies among Latinas cite husband resistance as a barrier to sustained diet and lifestyle change; however, men in this study voiced openness to programs for obesity and diabetes prevention. Future family centered programs should engage men and promote communication within the family on common goals related to health and illness prevention.
Theoretical Foundations of a Starling‐Like Controller for Rotary Blood Pumps
Authors: Salamonsen Robert Francis , Lim Einly , Gaddum Nicholas , AlOmari Abdul‐Hakeem H. , Gregory Shaun David , Stevens Michael , Mason David Glen , Fraser John F. , Timms Daniel , Karunanithi Mohan K. , Lovell Nigel Hamilton 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA clinically intuitive physiologic controller is desired to improve the interaction between implantable rotary blood pumps and the cardiovascular system. This controller should restore the Starling mechanism of the heart, thus preventing overpumping and underpumping scenarios plaguing their implementation. A linear Starling‐like controller for pump flow which emulated the response of the natural left ventricle (LV) to changes in preload was then derived using pump flow pulsatility as the feedback variable. The controller could also adapt the control line gradient to accommodate longer‐term changes in cardiovascular parameters, most importantly LV contractility which caused flow pulsatility to move outside predefined limits. To justify the choice of flow pulsatility, four different pulsatility measures (pump flow, speed, current, and pump head pressure) were investigated as possible surrogates for LV stroke work. Simulations using a validated numerical model were used to examine the relationships between LV stroke work and these measures. All were approximately linear (r2 (mean ± SD) = 0.989 ± 0.013, n = 30) between the limits of ventricular suction and opening of the aortic valve. After aortic valve opening, the four measures differed greatly in sensitivity to further increases in LV stroke work. Pump flow pulsatility showed more correspondence with changes in LV stroke work before and after opening of the aortic valve and was least affected by changes in the LV and right ventricular (RV) contractility, blood volume, peripheral vascular resistance, and heart rate. The system (flow pulsatility) response to primary changes in pump flow was then demonstrated to be appropriate for stable control of the circulation. As medical practitioners have an instinctive understanding of the Starling curve, which is central to the synchronization of LV and RV outputs, the intuitiveness of the proposed Starling‐like controller will promote acceptance and enable rational integration into patterns of hemodynamic management.
Microparticle detection in platelet products by three different methods
Authors: Strasser Erwin F. , Happ Sebastian , Weiss Dominik R. , Pfeiffer Alexandra , Zimmermann Robert , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: Standardization of platelet‐derived microparticle (PMP) enumeration by flow cytometry (FCM) is limited due to its intrinsic characteristics. Because of high clinical relevance of microparticle (MP) detection, standardization of MP assays is required.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective paired study analyzed 31 healthy blood donors (18 male, 13 female) and compared pre‐ and postdonation results of donors with results of plateletpheresis products by three different methods. PMP counts were analyzed by FCM using calibrated beads of defined diameter and annexin V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate and CD41‐phycoerythrin staining. MP activity was tested by prothrombinase assay (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and a procoagulant phospholipid‐dependent clotting time assay (STA‐Procoag‐PPL, Diagnostica Stago S.A.S.).RESULTS: PMP concentration was more than threefold higher in single‐platelet units (SPUs) and resulted in higher PMP yields in SPUs compared to double‐platelet units (DPUs). The ELISA and the procoagulant clotting assay also revealed a significant higher MP activity in SPUs compared to DPUs. The results of the procoagulation clotting assay correlated inversely with PMP counts obtained by FCM (r = −0.685, p < 0.001) and with the MP activity measured by ELISA (r = −0.641, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Three different methods for MP detection showed good correlations of results, albeit the basis for MP analysis was different. Even if FCM is considered the “gold standard” of MP detection there are still technical limitations concerning detection of small MP. The procoagulant STA‐Procoag‐PPL assay and the prothrombinase ELISA assay could be useful additional MP tests. Regarding the interpretation of quantitative results of MPs, preanalytical conditions must be optimized and standardized.
GSK3b‐inhibitor lithium chloride enhances activation of Wnt canonical signaling and osteoblast differentiation on hydrophilic titanium surfaces
Authors: Galli C. , Piemontese M. , Lumetti S. , Manfredi E. , Macaluso G. M. , Passeri G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimsPromoting bone formation at the tissue interface is an important step to improve implant success. This study investigated whether stimulation of Wnt signaling by GSK3b inhibitor lithium chloride (LiCl) could affect the response of mesenchymal or osteoblastic cells growing on titanium surfaces with different topography and wettability, and improve their differentiation along the osteoblastic lineage.Material and methodsMurine mesenchymal C2C12 cells were plated on Pickled, acid‐etched/sand‐blasted (SLA), and hydrophilic SLA titanium disks (modSLA) and stimulated with increasing doses of LiCl. Cell viability was measured using chemiluminescence‐based ATP quantitation and activation of Wnt canonical signaling was measured using a Luciferase‐based reporter assay. Gene expression was measured using real time PCR in C2C12 cells, murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells or murine primary bone marrow cells.ResultsLiCl stimulated Wnt activation and expression of Wnt markers in C2C12 cells on modSLA. Addition of 1 mM LiCl increased levels for bone marker Osteocalcin in MC3T3 cells on modSLA surfaces. Similarly, LiCl potently enhanced Osteoprotegetrin levels in MC3T3 cells on modSLA. When primary bone marrow cells were stimulated with LiCl, the expression of Wnttarget genes and osteoblastic differentiation markers was increased on modSLA surfaces.ConclusionsStimulation of the canonical Wnt pathway promoted osteoblast differentiation on hydrophilic modSLA surfaces. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Wnt activators such as LiCl should be further tested as a possible approach to improve implant osseointegration.
Consequences of occupational food‐related hand dermatoses with a focus on protein contact dermatitis
Authors: Vester Lotte , Thyssen Jacob P. , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: May 2012

Background. Protein contact dermatitis is a frequent disorder among hand eczema patients who have occupational food contact. Knowledge about the consequences of having protein contact dermatitis is lacking.Objectives. To investigate the consequences of having occupational skin disease on the hands resulting from food handling, with a focus on protein contact dermatitis.Material and methods. One hundred and seventy‐eight patients who were identified as having skin disease related to occupational food exposure and who answered a questionnaire concerning the consequences of their skin disease were included in the study. The patients were consecutively examined at Gentofte Hospital, Denmark between 2001 and 2010.Results. Seventy‐five per cent of patients with protein contact dermatitis had to wear gloves at work, and 62.5% reported sick leave lasting for >3 weeks, as compared with 60.2% and 30%, respectively, of the patients with other occupational food‐related hand dermatoses (p = 0.02). Sixty‐two per cent and 43%, respectively, had to change job because of skin problems (p = 0.02). Atopic dermatitis was equally common in the two groups.Conclusion. We found that the patients with protein contact dermatitis experienced more severe and frequent consequences than patients with other food‐related hand dermatoses.
High frequency of false‐positive reactions in attempted patch testing with acrylate/methacrylate mixes
Authors: Goon Anthony T.‐J. , Bruze Magnus , Zimerson Erik , Goossens An , Goh Chee‐Leok , Isaksson Marléne 
Published: May 2012

Background. Although acrylate/methacrylate allergy has been frequently reported, until now patch testing with this group of allergens has been unwieldy, requiring the application of large supplementary series in most centres.Objectives. To formulate and evaluate two mixes of acrylate/methacrylate allergens in three centres (Malmö, Singapore, and Leuven).Patients/materials/methods. All patients tested with the baseline series during the study period were also patch tested with the mixes. Mix 1 consisted of: triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA) 0.1% wt/wt, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2‐HEMA) 1.0% wt/wt and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate 1.0% wt/wt in petrolatum. Mix 2 consisted of: TREGDA 0.1% wt/wt and 2‐HEMA 2.0% wt/wt in pet. The separate components of the two mixes were also tested simultaneously.Results. There were 25 (5 males; 20 females) positive reactions to mix 1 with 16 in Malmö, 8 in Singapore, and 1 in Leuven. Positive reactions to mix 2 were seen only in Malmö, in 8 female patients. Thus, the positive reaction rate for mix 1 was 8.3% overall (Malmö 7.7%, Singapore 18.6%, and Leuven 2.1%), and that for mix 2 was 2.7% overall (Malmö 3.8%, Singapore 0%, and Leuven 0%). Of the 16 positive reactions to mix 1 in Malmö, only 4 were considered to be true allergic reactions, as the component allergen testing gave totally negative results in 12/16. For mix 2, only 3/8 positive reactions were considered to be true allergic reactions, as the component testing was negative in 5/8. Many doubtful (10–20%) and positive but non‐allergic reactions were recorded, leading to early termination of the study.Conclusions. Although this was an unsuccessful attempt to formulate an acrylate/methacrylate mix, our experience will be useful for those embarking on future attempts to do this.
Topical antioxidants protect the skin from chemical‐induced irritation in the repetitive washing test: a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study
Authors: Schempp Christoph M. , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen , Ferrari Yvonne , Brecht Thomas , Gehring Wolfgang 
Published: May 2012

Background. There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species play an important role in the development of both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.Objectives. To assess the potential of topical antioxidants to prevent the development of experimentally induced irritant contact dermatitis.Methods. We evaluated the effect of a cream containing a combination of antioxidants on sodium lauryl sulfate‐induced irritant contact dermatitis in the repetitive washing test. As readout parameters for skin barrier function and cutaneous inflammation stratum corneum hydration, cutaneous blood flow and transepidermal water loss were assessed in 25 volunteers with bioengineering methods.Results. In comparison with the cream base and a frequently used barrier cream, the antioxidant cream had high radical scavenging activity and effectively protected the skin from chemical‐induced irritation.Conclusions. The superiority of the cream with antioxidants to the cream base suggests that reactive oxygen species, at least in part, play a role in the development of irritant contact dermatitis.
Scandinavian Fellowship for Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine: guidelines for oral pathology and oral medicine in the dental curriculum
Authors: Kragelund C. , Reibel J. , Hietanen J. , Hadler‐Olsen E. , Johannessen A. C. , Kenrad B. , Nylander K. , Puranen M. , Salo T. , Syrjänen S. , Søland T. M. , van der Waal I. , van der Wal J. E. , Warfvinge G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn Scandinavia, as in many European countries, most patients consult their general dentist once a year or more. This gives the dentist a unique opportunity and an obligation to make an early diagnosis of oral diseases, which is beneficial for both the patient and the society. Thus, the dentist must have knowledge of clinical symptoms, local and systemic signs and clinical differential diagnoses to make an accurate diagnosis. The dentist must be competent in selecting appropriate diagnostic tests, for example, tissue biopsy and microbiological samples, and conducting them correctly, as well as in interpreting test results and taking appropriate action accordingly. Furthermore, the dentist must be aware of diseases demanding multidisciplinary cooperation and be able to recognise his/her professional limitation, and to refer to other specialists when required. The dental curriculum changes over time as new approaches, treatments and diagnostic possibilities develop. Likewise, the role of the dentist in the community changes and may vary in different countries. As members of the Scandinavian Fellowship for Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine and subject representatives of oral pathology and oral medicine, we feel obliged to contribute to the discussion of how the guidelines of the dental curriculum support the highest possible standards of dental education. This article is meant to delineate a reasonable standard of oral pathology and oral medicine in the European dental curriculum and to guide subject representatives in curriculum development and planning. We have created an advisory topic list in oral pathology and oral medicine.
Prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent dentition and its association with overjet in a Swiss child population
Authors: Schatz Jean‐Paul , Hakeberg Magnus , Ostini Enrico , Kiliaridis Stavros 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveDental trauma is a very common issue in dentistry and its occurrence has been related to many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in the permanent dentition among Swiss children and its association with overjet.Material and methodsA sample of 1900 children aged 6–13 years was prospectively evaluated to determine the number and types of injuries, the influence of overjet on the risk of suffering trauma and the relationships between trauma, age, gender and life conditions.ResultsThe observed prevalence of trauma was higher for boys, with a slight risk increase with age and a peak frequency at the age of 10 years. Most of the injuries (91.2%) involved the upper front teeth; 87.2% of all injuries were hard tissue injuries (enamel or dentin fractures), and 12.8% only subluxation and luxation injuries. Children with an overjet of 6 mm or more had a four times higher risk of suffering trauma, compared with those with less overjet.ConclusionThis cross‐sectional study confirmed most of the results from earlier studies dealing with epidemiological factors of dental injuries to the permanent dentition. Of all the variables analysed, overjet stood out as the most significant risk factor: an increased overjet of 6 mm or more had a major impact on the risk of trauma, which would speak in favour of early orthodontic correction of an increased overjet to reduce the prevalence of dental trauma.
Inhibition of mechanical stress‐induced NF‐κB promotes bone formation
Authors: Zhou S , Zhang J , Zheng H , Zhou Y , Chen F , Lin J 
Published: May 2012

Oral Diseases (2012) 19, 59–64Objective:  Nuclear factor kappaB (NF‐κB) plays an important role in osteogenesis. This study was performed to investigate the effects of mechanical force on NF‐κB activity in osteoblast‐like cells.Materials and methods:  U2OS cells were harvested at specific time points after mechanical loading. U2OS nuclear extracts were prepared for Western blot assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol for real‐time PCR.Results:  P‐p65 (Ser536) expression in the nucleus was significantly higher after loading force on U2OS cells. The amount of nuclear NF‐κB also increased. Ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate(PDCT) inhibited compressive force‐induced NF‐κB activity in EMSA. Further, PDTC attenuated the transcriptional inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), RUNX‐2 and Osteocalcin by down‐regulating NF‐κB activity.Conclusions:  Mechanical force enhances NF‐κB activity in osteoblast‐like cells, and compressive force affects the downstream bone marker genes through NF‐κB.
Fatty acid composition in the mature milk of Bolivian forager‐horticulturalists: controlled comparisons with a US sample
Authors: Martin Melanie A. , Lassek William D. , Gaulin Steven J.C. , Evans Rhobert W. , Woo Jessica G. , Geraghty Sheela R. , Davidson Barbara S. , Morrow Ardythe L. , Kaplan Hillard S. , Gurven Michael D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBreast milk fatty acid (FA) composition varies greatly among individual women, including in percentages of the long‐chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFA) 20:4n‐6 (arachidonic acid, AA) and 22:6n‐3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), which are important for infant neurological development. It has been suggested that owing to wide variation in milk LCPUFA and low DHA in Western diets, standards of milk FA composition should be derived from populations consuming traditional diets. We collected breast milk samples from Tsimane women at varying lactational stages (6–82 weeks). The Tsimane are an indigenous, natural fertility, subsistence‐level population living in Amazonia Bolivia. Tsimane samples were matched by lactational stage to samples from a US milk bank, and analysed concurrently for FA composition by gas‐liquid chromatography. We compared milk FA composition between Tsimane (n = 35) and US (n = 35) mothers, focusing on differences in LCPUFA percentages that may be due to population‐typical dietary patterns. Per total FAs, the percentages of AA, DHA, total n‐3 and total n‐6 LCPUFA were significantly higher among Tsimane mothers. Mean percentages of 18:2n‐6 (linoleic acid) and trans FAs were significantly higher among US mothers. Tsimane mothers' higher milk n‐3 and n‐6 LCPUFA percentages may be due to their regular consumption of wild game and freshwater fish, as well as comparatively lower intakes of processed foods and oils that may interfere with LCPUFA synthesis.
Cluster‐randomized trial on complementary and responsive feeding education to caregivers found improved dietary intake, growth and development among rural Indian toddlers
Authors: Vazir Shahnaz , Engle Patrice , Balakrishna Nagalla , Griffiths Paula L. , Johnson Susan L. , Creed‐Kanashiro Hilary , Fernandez Rao Sylvia , Shroff Monal R. , Bentley Margaret E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInadequate feeding and care may contribute to high rates of stunting and underweight among children in rural families in India. This cluster‐randomized trial tested the hypothesis that teaching caregivers appropriate complementary feeding and strategies for how to feed and play responsively through home‐visits would increase children's dietary intake, growth and development compared with home‐visit‐complementary feeding education alone or routine care. Sixty villages in Andhra Pradesh were randomized into three groups of 20 villages with 200 mother–infant dyads in each group. The control group (CG) received routine Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS); the complementary feeding group (CFG) received the ICDS plus the World Health Organization recommendations on breastfeeding and complementary foods; and the responsive complementary feeding and play group (RCF&PG) received the same intervention as the CFG plus skills for responsive feeding and psychosocial stimulation. Both intervention groups received bi‐weekly visits by trained village women. The groups did not differ at 3 months on socioeconomic status, maternal and child nutritional indices, and maternal depression. After controlling for potential confounding factors using the mixed models approach, the 12‐month intervention to the CFG and RCF&PG significantly (P < 0.05) increased median intakes of energy, protein, Vitamin A, calcium (CFG), iron and zinc, reduced stunting [0.19, confidence interval (CI): 0.0–0.4] in the CFG (but not RCF&PG) and increased (P < 0.01) Bayley Mental Development scores (mean = 3.1, CI: 0.8–5.3) in the RCF&PG (but not CFG) compared with CG. Community‐based educational interventions can improve dietary intake, length (CFG) and mental development (RCF&PG) for children under 2 years in food‐secure rural Indian families.
Low maternal vitamin B12 status during pregnancy is associated with reduced heart rate variability indices in young children
Authors: Sucharita Sambashivaiah , Dwarkanath Pratibha , Thomas Tinku , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Kurpad Anura V. , Vaz Mario 
Published: May 2012

AbstractVitamin B12 plays a vital role in neuronal development, particularly in myelinogenesis. Demyelination of the autonomic nervous system occurs early in vitamin B12 deficiency. However, the impact of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy on neuronal function in the offspring is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to assess cardiac autonomic nervous activity in children born to mothers with low vitamin B12 status during pregnancy using heart rate variability (HRV) indices in the frequency domain. Seventy‐nine healthy children between 3 and 8 years of age were evaluated from an ongoing birth cohort. The blood sample of the mother had been stored and was analysed for plasma vitamin B12 following enrolment of the child. Subjects were divided, based on the median maternal first trimester vitamin B12 status (114 pmol L−1), into lower (n = 40) and higher (n = 39) vitamin B12 status groups. A lead II electrocardiogram was recorded in the supine posture and subjected to HRV analysis. Low‐frequency HRV in absolute units was reduced significantly in children of the lower vitamin B12 status group (P = 0.03) and was 53% that of the higher vitamin B12 status group. There was a significant association between low‐frequency and total power HRV with cord blood vitamin B12 levels (ρ = 0.31 and 0.30, both P = 0.03). In summary, children born to mothers with a lower vitamin B12 status have a reduced cardiac sympathetic activity. The long‐term implication of this needs to be evaluated by follow‐up studies.