bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRB3 mediates homocysteine‐induced inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation
Authors: Zou Tong , Liu Wen‐Jing , Li Shu‐De , Zhou Wei , Yang Jie‐Fu , Zou Cheng‐Gang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction, an early event in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism of endothelial cell injury in HHcy has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of homocysteine on tribbles‐related protein 3 (TRB3)‐mediated cell‐cycle arrest in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of HUVECs with homocysteine (0–250 µmol/L) resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation assessed by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation into DNA. Homocysteine induced cell‐cycle arrest in the G1 phase by up‐regulating the protein levels of p27kip1. Under these conditions, homocysteine did not induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, homocysteine up‐regulated the expression of TRB3, thus leading to the dephosphorylation of Akt (Thr308). Knock‐down of endogenous TRB3 using siRNA significantly suppressed the inhibitory effect of homocysteine on the proliferation of HUVECs. Homocysteine‐induced TRB3 expression was mediated by the cAMP/cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) pathway. These results demonstrate that TRB3 is a critical molecule in the homocysteine‐mediated cell‐cycle arrest in endothelial cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2782–2789, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reducing the risk of overdiagnosis in lung cancer: A support from molecular biology
Authors: Barba Maddalena , Felsani Armando , Rinaldi Massimo , Giunta Salvatore , Malorni Walter , Paggi Marco G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEarly detection and swift treatment, when achievable, may significantly affect prognosis in lung cancer patients. Therefore, individuals with a high risk for lung cancer are invited to participate into international screening programs, such as the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I‐ELCAP). An undesirable consequence of such massive enterprises is the detection of pulmonary nodules also in subjects who are unlikely to ultimately die from lung cancer. Nevertheless, the individuals with pulmonary nodule undergo stringent diagnostic procedures to assess the nature of the lesion. This implies a noticeable (physical and emotional) stress for our patients and the likelihood of overdiagnosis and, potentially, consequent overtreatment. Molecular markers, more specifically, microRNAs, might significantly add value to the workup process aiming at the distinction between benign and malignant lesions and, among the malignant ones, those concretely threatening for the patients' survival. We are confident that such a multidisciplinary approach would better suit our patients' diagnostic and/or therapeutic, actual needs. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2213–2214, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide production by endothelin‐1 enhances astrocytic migration via the tyrosine nitration of matrix metalloproteinase‐9
Authors: Wang Hui‐Hsin , Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe deleterious effects of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in the central nervous system (CNS) include disturbance of water homeostasis and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity. In the CNS, ischemic injury elicits ET‐1 release from astrocytes, behaving through G‐protein coupled ET receptors. These considerations raise the question of whether ET‐1 influences cellular functions of astrocytes, the major cell type that provides structural and functional support for neurons. Uncontrolled nitric oxide (NO) production has been implicated in sterile brain insults, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, which involve astrocyte activation and neuronal death. However, the detailed mechanisms of ET‐1 action related to NO release on rat brain astrocytes (RBA‐1) remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure of astrocytes to ET‐1 results in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) up‐regulation, NO production, and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) activation in astrocytes. The data obtained with Western blot, reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR), and immunofluorescent staining analyses showed that ET‐1‐induced iNOS expression and NO production were mediated through an ETB‐dependent transcriptional activation. Engagement of Gi/o‐ and Gq‐coupled ETBreceptors by ET‐1 led to activation of c‐Src‐dependent phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt and p42/p44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and then activated transcription factor nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB). The activated NF‐κB was translocated into nucleus and thereby promoted iNOS gene transcription. Ultimately, NO production stimulated by ET‐1 enhanced the migration of astrocytes through the tyrosine nitration of MMP‐9. Taken together, these results suggested that in astrocytes, activation of NF‐κB by ETB‐dependent c‐Src, PI3K/Akt, and p42/p44 MAPK signalings is necessary for ET‐1‐induced iNOS gene up‐regulation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2244–2256, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sphingosine induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes by activating caspase‐3/‐9 via a mitochondrial pathway linked to SDK/14‐3‐3 protein/Bax/cytochrome c
Authors: Kanno Takeshi , Nishizaki Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe present study examined sphingosine‐induced apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. Sphingosine induced apoptosis in a concentration (1–100 µM)‐dependent manner, that is inhibited by the PKC‐δ inhibitor rottlerin, and a similar effect was obtained with the sphingosine kinase inhibitors, to raise intracellular sphingosine concentrations. Sphingosine increased presence of sphingosine‐dependent protein kinase (SDK), and the effect was suppressed by rottlerin. Sphingosine increased phosphorylated 14‐3‐3 protein, thereby transforming the protein from a dimeric structure into a monomeric structure. Sphingosine accumulated Bax in the mitochondria and stimulated cytochrome c release into the cytosol, and those effects were inhibited by rottlerin. Sphingosine disrupted mitochondrial membrane potentials, that was abolished by silencing the PKC‐δ‐targeted gene. Moreover, sphingosine activated caspase‐9 and the effector caspase‐3 in a PKC‐δ‐dependent manner. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that sphingosine activates SDK, produced through proteolytic processing of an active form of PKC‐δ, to phosphorylate 14‐3‐3 protein and transform into a monomeric structure, causing Bax dissociation from 14‐3‐3 protein and accumulation in the mitochondria, which perturbs mitochondrial membrane potentials allowing cytochrome c release into the cytosol, to activate caspase‐9 and the effector caspase‐3, responsible for apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2329–2337, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infective endocarditis complicated by fatal cerebral hemorrhage revealing an unrepaired univentricular heart in a 19‐year‐old woman
Authors: Rekik Sofiene , Trabelsi Imen , Hentati Mourad , Kammoun Samir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUniventricular heart is a complex and rare cyanotic congenital heart disease. When not operated, affected patients exceptionally reach adulthood. We report the unprecedented case of a 19 year‐old young woman, admitted to the hospital for a severe deterioration of general status and ultimately diagnosed to have an infective endocarditis with multiple vegetations in a previously undiagnosed univentricular heart of left ventricular morphology, subsequently rapidly complicated by fatal cerebral hemorrhage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Mass spectrometry studies on meso‐substituted corroles and their photochemical decomposition products
Authors: Świder Paweł , Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Voloshchuk Roman , Lewtak Jan P. , Gryko Daniel T. , Danikiewicz Witold 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCorroles, ring‐contracted analogs of porphyrins, are an important class of compounds which have attracted the attention of many researchers in the fields of organic, coordination and physical chemistry. In the present work, the stability and the decomposition pathways of a diverse set of meso‐substituted corroles have been studied using mass spectrometry (MS), UV–Vis absorption and preparative methods combined with NMR spectroscopy. Four different ionization methods (electrospray ionization, field desorption, atmospheric pressure photoionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) were utilized to investigate light‐ and oxygen‐induced decomposition in various solvents. It was found that the rate of decomposition in MeCN is significantly higher than in CH2Cl2, hexane, MeOH and ethyl acetate. HR‐MS combined with CID–MS/MS enabled us to identify the products of initial decomposition. Surprisingly, numerous smaller open‐chain compounds were also detected. Large‐scale decomposition of a corrole bearing sterically hindered substituents at positions 5 and 15 allowed us to isolate mg quantities of three decomposition products: isocorrole and isomeric biliverdin‐type species. These are formed as a result of oxygen attack on the meso‐10 position. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent daily rainfall patterns over South Africa and associated dynamics during the core of the austral summer
Authors: Crétat Julien , Richard Yves , Pohl Benjamin , Rouault Mathieu , Reason Chris , Fauchereau Nicolas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of some modes of climate variability on the spatio‐temporal rainfall variability over South Africa during the core of the rainy season, December to February (DJF). All analyses are based directly on the rainfall field instead of atmospheric processes and dynamics. An original agglomerative hierarchical clustering approach is used to classify daily rainfall patterns recorded at 5352 stations from DJF 1971 to DJF 1999. Five clusters are retained for analysis. Amongst them, one cluster looks most like the rainfall and circulation mean picture. Another one, representing 37% of the days, describes strong negative rainfall anomalies over South Africa resulting from a regional barotropic trough‐ridge‐trough wave structure and moisture divergence. These dry anomalies are more frequent in El Niño years (with a 0.75 correlation between ENSO and the seasonal occurrences of that cluster) and are associated with a weakening and/or a regional shift of the Walker‐type circulation and the subtropical jet stream. Three clusters, which describe, respectively, a decrease, an increase, and a conservation of the seasonal mean eastward rainfall gradient, are all associated with strong cyclonic moisture flux anomalies centred over Angola or northern Botswana and the anomalous convergence located over the largest positive rainfall anomalies, suggesting the importance of thermal low pressures. One of them is clearly associated with tropical temperate troughs. The rainfall patterns of these three clusters tend to propagate eastward, and their seasonal frequencies tend to increase in La Niña years. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Applicability of the soil gradient method for estimating soil–atmosphere CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes for steppe soils in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wolf Benjamin , Chen Weiwei , Brüggemann Nicolas , Zheng Xunhua , Pumpanen Jukka , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFor evaluating the applicability of the soil gradient method as a substitute for CO2‐, CH4‐, and N2O‐flux measurements in steppe, we carried out chamber measurements and determined soil gas concentration at an ungrazed (UG99) and a grazed (WG) site in Inner Mongolia, China. The agreement of the concentration‐based flux estimates with measured chamber‐based fluxes varied largely depending on the respective GHG in the sequence CO2 > CH4 >> N2O. A calibration of the gas‐transport parameter used to calculate fluxes based on soil gas concentrations improved the results considerably for CO2 and CH4. After calibration, the average deviation from the chamber‐based annual cumulative flux for both sites was 11.5%, 10.5%, and 59% for CO2, CH4, and N2O. The gradient method did not constitute an adequate stand‐alone substitute for greenhouse‐gas flux estimation since a calibration using chamber‐based measurements was necessary and vigorous production processes were confined to the uppermost, almost water‐saturated soil layer.
Application of Raman spectroscopy in the nondestructive analyses of ancient Chinese jades
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Wei‐Shan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractJade, as one of the symbols of Chinese material cultures, is the cultural boundary between ancient Chinese and western civilizations. Amphibole, serpentine, turquoise and quartz are the four main kinds of ancient Chinese jades. In this article, the use of Raman spectroscopy in the nondestructive identification of the four kinds of Chinese jades for their phase is discussed. The spectra, in combination with PIXE analysis, help resolve some relevant and further problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active and tunable metamaterials
Authors: Boardman A.D. , Grimalsky V.V. , Kivshar Y.S. , Koshevaya S.V. , Lapine M. , Litchinitser N.M. , Malnev V.N. , Noginov M. , Rapoport Y.G. , Shalaev V.M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMetamaterial research is an extremely important global activity that promises to change our lives in many different ways. These include making objects invisible and the dramatic impact of metamaterials upon the energy and medical sectors of society. Behind all of the applications, however, lies the business of creating metamaterials that are not going to be crippled by the kind of loss that is naturally heralded by use of resonant responses in their construction. This review sets out some solutions to the management of loss and gain, coupled to controlled and nonlinear behavior, and discusses some critical consequences concerning stability. Under the general heading of active and tunable metamaterials, an international spectrum of authors collaborates here to present a set of solutions that addresses these issues in several directions. As will be appreciated, the range of possible solutions is really fascinating, and it is hoped that these discussions will act as a further stimulus to the field.
“Click Chemistry” as a Facile Approach to the Synthesis of Polyphosphazene Glycopolymers
Authors: Huang Xu , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Yu An‐Guo , Wang Cang , Dai Zheng‐Wei , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA versatile approach based on click chemistry to synthesize polyphosphazene glycopolymers is presented. The glucose‐substituted polyphosphazene was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of poly(dichlorophosphazene) with propargylamine and the subsequent azide/alkyne “click” reaction of poly[di(propargylamine)phosphazene] (PDPAP) with azidosugar. The relative proportion of the glucose substituent can be easily controlled over a broad range by varying the amount of azidoglucose used in the azide/alkyne “click” reaction. magnified image
Morphology, Crystallinity and Thermal Properties of Polyamide 66/Polyoxometalate Nanocomposites Synthesised Via an in situ Sol/Gel Process
Authors: Cheval Nicolas , Xu Fang , Gindy Nabil , Brooks Richard , Zhu Yanqiu , Fahmi Amir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe in situ sol/gel synthesis of PA66/POM nanocomposites and their thermal and structural properties are reported. The morphology of POM and its influence on the crystallinity and thermal properties of PA66 have been investigated by means of SEM, TEM, DSC and XRD. The Liu and Kissinger models have been applied to study the non‐isothermal crystallisation kinetics and the crystallisation activation energy of the nanocomposite. The results reveal that polyoxometalates obtained in situ (5.5 nm) alter the thermal and crystallisation properties of PA66 significantly. The presence of POM leads to a thermodynamically more stable nanocomposite by reducing the amount of the metastable γ‐crystalline form of PA66. magnified image
Molecular Orientation and Crystalline Structure of Aligned Electrospun Nylon‐6 Nanofibers: Effect of Gap Size
Authors: Kimura Naotaka , Kim Han‐Ki , Kim Byoung‐Suhk , Lee Keun‐Hyung , Kim Ick‐Soo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe study the effect of the gap size on the molecular orientation and crystalline structure of uniaxially well‐aligned nylon‐6 nanofibers produced in the gap between negatively charged metal plates. The relative intensities of several absorbance bands are found to be different in the parallel‐ and perpendicularly polarized FTIR spectra. X‐ray analysis indicates that the metastable γ‐form is predominant in as‐spun nylon‐6 nanofibers, and is transformed into the thermodynamically stable α‐form by increasing the gap size. The polymer chains are thought to be oriented perpendicular to the fiber direction, and the molecular orientation to the fiber axis is enhanced on increasing the gap size. magnified image
Von partikelassistierter Benetzung zu porösen Membranen
Authors: Goedel Werner A. , Ding Ailin , Marczewski Dawid , Xu Hui , Yan Feng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWer auf einer Wasseroberfläche geschickt mit ÖI und Partikeln spielt, kann zu sehr dünnen Membranen mit einheitlichen, submikroskopischen Poren gelangen – ohne aufwendige Photolithographie oder Reinraumtechnik. Solche Membranen empfehlen sich nicht nur für teure Spezialanwendungen, sondern auch für den großflächigen Einsatz, z. B. in der Luftfilterung oder der Trinkwasseraufbereitung.
Computational Chemistry: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Nemirowski Adelina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFür drei Tage versammelten sich Mitte April theoretisch orientierte Chemiker im Schloß Rauischholzhausen, um mit ihren Beiträgen zum internationalen Symposium „Computational Chemistry: State of the Art and Perspectives”︁ Gernot Frenking zu seinem 60. Geburtstag zu gratulieren – dem Mann, der sich neben Paul von Ragué Schleyer für die Verbreitung rechnergestützter Methoden in Deutschland eingesetzt hat. Mit der thematischen Vielfalt der Vorträge deckte die Veranstaltung aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Computational Chemistry in ihrer ganzen Breite ab. Organisiert hatten das Symposium Max Holthausen (Frankfurt), Wolfram Koch (GDCh) und Peter R. Schreiner (Gießen), mit finanzieller Unterstützung seitens der Gießener Hochschulgesellschaft, des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, Wiley und Springer sowie Henkel, Roche und Schering.
Internationale Chemiker: Dritte GDCh‐RSC‐Industrie‐Tour
Authors: Begitt Kurt 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie beiden größten europäischen chemischen Gesellschaften, die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) und ihre britische Schwestergesellschaft, die Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), fördern den internationalen Austausch von Studierenden und Jungwissenschaftlern.
Synthetische vs. biologische Stickstoff‐Fixierung
Authors: Tuczek Felix 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAls biologisch, technisch und industriell zentraler Prozeß ist die Synthese von Ammoniak aus N2 eine der prototypischen Reaktionen der Chemie. Kann die Ammoniaksynthese nach dem Vorbild der Natur eine Alternative zum etablierten Haber‐Bosch‐Verfahren liefern?
18th International Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry
Authors: Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Mews Rüdiger 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn Bremen diskutierten Ende Juli/Anfang August mehr als 400 Fluorchemiker Ergebnisse zu ionischen Flüssigkeiten und Lithiumionen‐Batterien, zur supramolekularen und anorganischen Molekülchemie, zur Katalysechemie, zu Synthesebausteinen und zu Umweltaspekten der Fluorchemie.
Heat extraction from aquifer geothermal systems
Authors: Yeh Hund‐Der , Yang Shaw‐Yang , Li Kuang‐Yi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study aims to model temperature distributions in an aquifer thermal extraction (ATE) system that contains a single extraction well in a thin confined aquifer. The aquifer is bounded by hot dry rocks with different thermomechanical properties and thicknesses. Based on the heat convection–conduction equation, a mathematical model is developed to describe the spatial and temporal temperature distributions of the ATE systems. The mechanisms of heat transfer in the model involve horizontal convection and thermal conduction in the aquifer, and vertical thermal conduction in both rocks. A semi‐analytical solution in dimensionless form is developed using the Laplace transform technique and its corresponding time‐domain result is computed by the modified Crump method. In addition, the steady‐state solution is obtained by applying the final value theorem. The simulation results from the semi‐analytical solution indicate that the aquifer temperature distributions are affected by aquifer thickness, the thermomechanical properties of the aquifer and rocks, geothermal gradient, outer boundary temperatures of the rocks, extraction rate, and operating time. The present solution can be used as a preliminary tool for assessing heat extraction efficiency in ATE systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of statistical learning algorithms to ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil
Authors: Samui Pijush 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study employs two statistical learning algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Relevance Vector Machine (RVM)) for the determination of ultimate bearing capacity (qu) of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil. SVM is firmly based on the theory of statistical learning, uses regression technique by introducingvarepsilon‐insensitive loss function. RVM is based on a Bayesian formulation of a linear model with an appropriate prior that results in a sparse representation. It also gives variance of predicted data. The inputs of models are width of footing (B), depth of footing (D), footing geometry (L/B), unit weight of sand (γ) and angle of shearing resistance (ϕ). Equations have been developed for the determination ofquof shallow foundation on cohesionless soil based on the SVM and RVM models. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to determine the effect of each input parameter. This study shows that the developed SVM and RVM are robust models for the prediction ofquof shallow foundation on cohesionless soil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.