bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of the ovine hip: Development, results and comparison with the human hip
Authors: Jalali J. , Schmidutz F. , Schröder C. , Woiczinski M. , Maierl J. , Augat P. , Jansson V. , Mazoochian F. , Hölzer A. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryObjectives: The ovine hip is often used as an experimental research model to simulate the human hip. However, little is known about the contact pressures on the femoral and acetabular cartilage in the ovine hip, and if those are representative for the human hip.Methods: A model of the ovine hip, including the pelvis, femur, acetabular cartilage, femoral cartilage and ligamentum transversum, was built using computed tomography and microcomputed tomography. Using the finite element method, the peak forces were analysed during simulated walking.Results: The evaluation revealed that the contact pressure distribution on the femoral cartilage is horseshoe-shaped and reaches a maximum value of approximately 6 MPa. The maximum contact pressure is located on the dorsal acetabular side and is predominantly aligned in the cranial-to-caudal direction. The surface stresses acting on the pelvic bone reach an average value of approximately 2 MPa.Conclusions: The contact pressure distribution, magnitude, and the mean surface stress in the ovine hip are similar to those described in the current literature for the human hip. This suggests that in terms of load distribution, the ovine hip is well suited for the preclinical testing of medical devices designed for the human hip.
La participation culturelle sur Internet : encadrement et appropriations transgressives du patrimoine numérisé
Authors: Casemajor Nathalie 
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’injonction à « participer », symptôme de la mutation des sociétés contemporaines, se traduit dans le secteur de l’action culturelle et du patrimoine par la mise en place de dispositifs en ligne incitant l’appropriation et le partage des contenus issus des collections publiques numérisées. Mais la participation peut aussi prendre des formes qui dépassent les usages prescrits par les dispositifs institutionnels : non-respect des conditions d’utilisation, détournements, voire revente sous un format imprimé. Dès lors, comment peut-on comprendre ce qu’est la « participation culturelle » sur Internet ? En cherchant à en définir les modalités et les cadres, cet article expose quelques-unes des contradictions qui émaillent l’action des institutions patrimoniales dans ce domaine. Et si l’indiscipline n’était pas uniquement le fait des publics ?
Atrophic Rhinitis and Its Surgical Management
Authors: Sharma Vinit Kumar , Purohit JP , Vishth Sampan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
Clinical evaluation of atrophic rhinitis and comparative study of its surgical treatments.

Materials and methods
This study was carried out in the Department of ORL-HNS, MLB Medical College and Hospital, Jhansi and Department of ORL-HNS, SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India from June 2006 to May 2011 including the cases of atrophic rhinitis. A total of 40 patients of atrophic rhinitis were included in this study. Thirty-two patients had modified Young's nostril closure and eight patients had dermofat graft obliteration of nasal cavity. Preoperative and postoperative assessment of nasal mucociliary flow rate were also assessed by saccharine test. Fifteen cases were kept in control group to compare the nasal mucociliary flow rate results.

Results
The results of both surgical modalities were compared at various intervals for 20 months.

Conclusion
The patients with history of nasal myiasis and septal perforation do better with partial nostril closure while patients, not having history of maggots and septal perforations, had best results with dermofat graft operation. It was seen that after surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis, either by nostril closure or dermofat grafting, there was improvement in nasal mucociliary flow or, nearly, all patients were symptomatically improved.
Control of Anterior Epistaxis: A Comparative Analysis of the Decongestive Effect of Xylometazoline and Adrenaline in Idiopathic Epistaxis in Emergency Settings
Authors: Mattoo Owais , Yousuf Aamir , Mir Anees , Muzaffar Rahil , Pampori Rafiq 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the impact of decongestive effect of xylometazoline and adrenaline in controlling active idiopathic anterior epistaxis on adult patients prior to use silver nitrate for cauterization.

Study design
Prospective case study.

Methods
The study used a prospective review of 150 consecutive adult patients diagnosed as anterior epistaxis (from August 2010 to January 2011). The study group was analyzed in three groups based on method of intervention used for management of anterior epistaxis. The conventional method of pinching nose and use of xylometazoline (0.5%) or adrenaline (1:10,000) soaked cotton packs for control of active arterial spurt followed in each case with silver nitrate cauterization.

Results
A total of 150 patients reviewed who were medically fit and subjected to study design in three groups. Fifty adult patients in each group with similar presentation. In first group, 32 patients out of 50 (64%) had successful control of bleeding with silver nitrate cauterization only after pinching nose (for 10 minutes). In second group, it was seen that 43 patients out of 50 (86%) in one group had successful control of bleeding following use of 0.5% xylometazoline-soaked cotton packs (for 10 minutes). prior to silver nitrate cauterization. In another group, 45 patients out of 50 (90%) had successful control of bleeding following use of 1:10,000 adrenaline-soaked cotton packs (for 10 minutes) prior to silver nitrate cauterization.

Conclusions
1. Almost all patients with idiopathic anterior epistaxis can be managed more effectively and successfully by the use of vasoconstrictive agents followed by silver nitrate cauterization and risks of anterior nasal packing can be avoided. 2. The success rate of silver nitrate cauterization can be increased significantly with use of vasoconstrictive agents (xylometazoline and adrenaline) for control of actively bleeding arterial spurts prior to cauterization. 3. With the use of adrenaline not suitable in high-risk group patients, like coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular diseases, myocarditis, drugs like beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants; xylometazoline can safely replace adrenaline in these cases.
Lobular Capillary Hemangioma of Nasal Cavity
Authors: Bhardwar Vaneeta , Kaur Kulbir , Arora Sonia 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Nasal lobular capillary hemangioma is a benign lesion of unknown etiology. Epistaxis and nasal obstruction are the most marked symptoms. We present a case of lobular capillary hemangioma, which was located on the posterior end of middle turbinate. The case is reported for its potential for being misdiagnosed and to highlight the advantage of nasal endoscopes in diagnosis and treatment.
Nasoalveolar Cyst
Authors: Goel Anuj Kumar , Sylonia Subhash , Goel Rati 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Nasoalveolar cyst is a nonodontogenic, soft tissue cyst characterized by its extraosseous location in the nasal alar region. It is synonymous with nasolabial cyst, nasal vestibule cyst, nasal wing cyst and mucoid cyst of the nose. It also called Klestadt's cyst. In this study, we would like to highlight the clinical presentation and the radiological features of nasolabial cyst in order to assist other healthcare providers in the diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon entity.
Rhinosporidiosis of Trachea: A Rare Encounter
Authors: Dhawan Ruchir , Kawatra Rahul , Lal Nirupama , Gupta Shiv Sagar , Maheshwari Puneet 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Rhinosporidiosis, which is a chronic fungal granulomatous disease, is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, a protistal microbe. It is a disease affecting primarily the mucosa of nose, conjunctiva and urethra. We are reporting an extremely rare case of tracheal rhinosporidiosis from the northern part of the Indian subcontinent which presented to us as case of respiratory stridor with hemoptysis and was properly investigated following which complete excision of the tracheal mass was done by bronchoscopy.
Cataract Extraction and Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation for the Management of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration and Cataract
Authors: Bahar Irit , Bialer Omer 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
We report cataract surgery with toric intraocular lens implantation for the management of senile cataract combined with pellucid marginal degeneration. A 72-year-old man with bilateral senile cataract and significant against-the-rule astigmatism sought counseling for blurry vision and glare, mostly in the right eye. Based on ophthalmic examination and corneal topography, a diagnosis of pellucid marginal degeneration and cataract was made. Since visual acuity and refraction had been stable in the past 3 years, the patient underwent cataract extraction and implantation of a custom-designed toric posterior chamber intraocular lens. Postoperative follow-up of 1.5-year demons- trated marked improvement in visual acuity, stable refraction and patient satisfaction. This treatment for pellucid marginal degeneration offers the simplicity of regular cataract surgery, and avoids the known complications of keratoplasty and other corneal surgical manipulation for the management of pellucid marginal degeneration.

How to cite this article
Bahar I, Bialer O. Cataract Extraction and Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation for the Management of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration and Cataract. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):66-67.
Atom Economy: a Challenge for Enhanced Synthetic Efficiency
Authors: Trost Barry M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areVinylidenesCycloisomerization of HydroxyalkynesReconstitutive CondensationRedox IsomerizationAllyl AlcoholsRuthenacyclopentadiene IntermediatesRuthenacyclopentene IntermediatesIntermolecular Alkene‐Alkyne CouplingButenolide Formation and Related ReactionsPyran FormationIntramolecular Alkene–Alkyne Coupling[5 + 2] CycloadditionVinyl Ketones as Alkyne PartnersAllylicC–HInsertionReactions of AlkenesAllene–Alkene CouplingHeterocycles via Allene–Alkene CouplingConclusionAcknowledgments
Synthesis and properties of biodegradable network poly(ether‐urethane)s from L‐lysine triisocyanate and poly(alkylene glycol)s
Authors: Nagata Minoru , Oi Akito , Sakai Wataru , Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBiodegradable network poly(ether‐urethane) films with different hydrophilicity were prepared from L‐lysine triisocyanate (LTI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(1,4‐tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) or poly (propyrene glycol) (PPG) with the molecular weights of 250–2000 g mol−1. Prepolymers prepared by a melt‐polycondensation were cast from tetrahydrofuran solution and heated at 65–80°C for 9 h, then postpolymerized at 150–180°C for 10–20 min to form a network. The resultant films were transparent to opaque and insoluble in water and organic solvents. These network films were fully characterized by FTIR, density measurement, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile tests. WAXS intensity curves of LTI/PEG‐1000 and LTI/PEG‐2000 exhibited crystalline peaks due to PEG segments, while those of all other network films did amorphous halos. The molecular weights (Mw) between cross‐links increased, while the cross‐linking density decreased with increasing the Mws of the poly(alkylene glycol)s. Mechanical properties were strongly affected by the type and molecular weights of poly(alkylene glycol)s used. The weight losses of the LTI/PEG series network films that were degraded in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.2) at 37°C and the equilibrium water content in distilled water at 20°C were much larger than those of LTI/PTMG and LTI/PPG series ones. In contrast, LTI/PTMG‐1000 and LTI/PPG‐1000 network films absorbed 150–216% of organic solvents such as benzene and toluene under equilibrium state at 20°C. The use of poly(alkylene glycol)s with different types and the MWs allowed the preparation of novel network poly(ether‐urethane) films with a broad range of properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Rheokinetics of crosslinkable poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion and diethylene triamine
Authors: Lu J. , Easteal A. J. , Bhattacharyya D. , Edmonds N. R. , Bolt C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe study of the rheological behavior associated with the crosslinking process of epoxy‐functionalized poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion and diethylene triamine showed that the system was reactive and very sensitive to temperature. Gelation times and gelation temperatures were determined from the abrupt changes of the viscoelastic material functions G′, G″, and η* in time sweeps and temperature sweeps. Isothermal kinetics models of the crosslinking process based on the isoconversional method predicted the relationship of curing rate, degree of conversion, reaction nature and kinetic parameters, and temperature. The temperature dependence of the rate constants was found to be described by the Arrhenius relationship. The temperature dependencies of G′, G″, and η* were found to be frequency independent at the gel point, Tgel, providing a fingerprint for determining Tgel of the crosslinkable systems. The variation of G′ and G″ with frequency followed the power laws showing G′ = A′ωb and G″ = A″ωc through the frequency sweep. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phenyl Substituted 1H‐1,2,4‐Triazoles as Non‐Steroidal Inhibitors of 17β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2
Authors: Al‐Soud Yaseen A. , Marchais‐Oberwinkler Sandrine , Frotscher Martin , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of disubstituted‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives was synthesized with the aim of developing new non‐steroidal inhibitors of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17βHSD2) – a novel and attractive target for the treatment of osteoporosis. 17βHSD2 catalyzes the oxidation of the highly active estrogen 17β‐estradiol (E2) and androgen testosterone (T) into the weak estrone and androstenedione, respectively. Inhibition of this enzyme will locally in the bone lead to an increase in E2 and T levels, two key players in the maintenance of the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. In this study, a new class of 17βHSD2 inhibitors with a 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole scaffold was identified; the three best compounds 8b, 8f, and 13a showed moderate 17βHSD2 inhibitory activity and a good selectivity toward 17βHSD1. They could be a useful tool to map the unexplored enzyme active site.
A First‐Principles Study on the Interaction between Alkyl Radicals and Graphene
Authors: Denis Pablo A. , Iribarne Federico 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe interaction between alkyl radicals and graphene was studied by means of dispersion‐corrected density functional theory. The results indicate that isolated alkyl radicals are not likely to be attached onto perfect graphene. It was found that the covalent binding energies are low, and because of the large entropic contribution, Δ is positive for methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert‐butyl radicals. Although the alkylation may proceed by moderate heating, the desorption barriers are low. For the removal of the methyl and tert‐butyl radicals covalently bonded to graphene, 15.3 and 2.4 kcal mol−1 are needed, respectively. When alkyl radicals are agglomerated, the binding energies are increased. For the addition in the ortho position and on opposite sides of the sheet, the graphene–CH3 binding energy is increased by 20 kcal mol−1, whereas for the para addition on the same side of the sheet, the increment is 9.4 kcal mol−1. In both cases, the agglomeration turns the Δ<0. For the ethyl radical, the ortho addition on opposite sides of the sheet has a negative Δ, whereas for isopropyl and tert‐butyl radicals the reactions are endergonic. The attachment of the four alkyl radicals under consideration onto the zigzag edges is exergonic. The noncovalent adsorption energies computed for ethyl, isopropyl, and tert‐butyl radicals are significantly larger than the graphene–alkyl‐radical covalent binding energies. Thus, physisorption is favored over chemisorption. As for the Δ for the adsorption of isolated alkyl radicals, only the tert‐butyl radical is likely to be exergonic. For the phenalenyl radical we were not able to locate a local minimum for the chemisorbed structure since it moves to the physisorbed structure. An important conclusion of this work is that the consideration of entropic effects is essential to investigate the interaction between graphene and free radicals.
Current status of functional imaging in eating disorders
Authors: Frank Guido K.W. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEating Disorders are complex psychiatric problems that involve biologic and psychological factors. Brain imaging studies provide insights about how functionally connected brain networks may contribute to disturbed eating behavior, resulting in food refusal and altered body weight, but also body preoccupations and heightened anxiety. In this article, we review the current state of brain imaging in eating disorders, and how such techniques may help identify pathways that could be important in the treatment of those often detrimental disorders. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:723–736)
The impact of subterranean termite activity on water infiltration and topsoil properties in Burkina Faso
Authors: Mettrop I. S. , Cammeraat L. H. , Verbeeten E. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTFew quantitative experimental studies have been carried out on the influence of subterranean termite activity on the water infiltration capacity of crusted soils in the semi‐arid Sahelian region. These studies found increased infiltration rates on soils that were affected by foraging galleries of subterranean termites. In this paper, remarkable results are presented from crusted agricultural fields in the Sanmatenga region in Burkina Faso with clear termite activity compared to reference fields without termite activity. Fine‐scale rainfall experiments were carried out and general topsoil (upper 5 cm) characteristics were measured. Infiltration rates were found to be significantly slower on plots affected by subterranean termite activity. These results are contradictory to the findings reported in general literature. On the basis of topsoil property measurements, the reduced infiltration rates cannot be indisputably explained, and we suggest that the main responsible factor for a reduction of infiltration was related to differences in topsoil surface (upper 3 mm) properties. Two hypotheses are formulated in an attempt to explain the reduced water infiltration rates on termite plots. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial distribution of pipe collapses in Goodwin Creek Watershed, Mississippi
Authors: Zhang T. , Wilson G. V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe internal erosion of soil pipes can induce pipe collapses that affect soil erosion processes and landform evolution. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of pipe collapses in agricultural fields of Goodwin Creek watershed. Ground survey was carried out to detect pipe collapses, and the location, size and surface elevation was measured with differential GPS. A total of 143 of the 145 pipe collapses were found in cropland, and the density was approximately 0.58 collapses per hectare. The spatial distribution of pipe collapses was not uniform as pipe collapses were concentrated in the flat alluvial plains where the land use was dominated by cropland. One of the four parcels had 90% of the pipe collapses with a density of 7.7 collapses per hectare. The mean depth, area and volume of these pipe collapses were 0.12 m, 0.34 m2 and 0.02 m3, respectively, and all these properties exhibited a skewed distribution. The drainage area–slope gradient equation, which has been widely used for erosion phenomenon prediction, did not represent pipe collapses in this study as the coefficient of determination was <0.01. This is clear evidence that subsurface flow is not represented by surface topographic characteristics. The pipe collapses were found to intercept runoff, thereby reducing the slope length factor by 6% and the drainage area by 7%. Both of these factors can reduce the sheet and rill erosion; however, the increased subsurface flow could enhance ephemeral gully erosion. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Factors controlling diurnal variation in the isotopic composition of atmospheric water vapour observed in the taiga, eastern Siberia
Authors: Ueta Akihiro , Sugimoto Atsuko , Iijima Yoshihiro , Yabuki Hironori , Maximov Trofim C. , Velivetskaya Tatiana A. , Ignatiev Alexander V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDeciduous forest covers vast areas of permafrost under severe dry climate in eastern Siberia. Understanding the water cycle in this forest ecosystem is quite important for climate projection. In this study, diurnal variations in isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapour were observed in eastern Siberia with isotope analyses of precipitation, sap water of larch trees, soil water, and water in surface organic layer during the late summer periods of 2006, 2007, and 2008. In these years, the soil moisture content was considerably high due to unusually large amounts of summer rainfall and winter snowfall. The observed sap water δ18O ranged from −17.9‰ to −13.3‰, which was close to that of summer precipitation and soil water in the shallow layer, and represents that of transpired water vapour. On sunny days, as the air temperature and mixing ratio rose from predawn to morning, the atmospheric water vapour δ18O increased by 1‰ to 5‰ and then decreased by about 2‰ from morning to afternoon with the mixing ratio. On cloudy days, by contrast, the afternoon decrease in δ18O and the mixing ratio was not observed. These results show that water vapour that transpired from plants, with higher δ18O than the atmospheric water vapour, contributes to the increase in δ18O in the morning, whereas water vapour in the free atmosphere, with lower δ18O, contributes to the decrease in the afternoon on sunny days. The observed results reveal the significance of transpired water vapour, with relatively high δ18O, in the water cycle on a short diurnal time scale and confirm the importance of the recycling of precipitation through transpiration in continental forest environments such as the eastern Siberian taiga. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.