bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classroom Preferences
Authors: Changchit Chuleeporn , Klaus Tim 
Published: May 2011

Advances in technology have enabled instructors to design online courses that better meet the needs of students. Online courses generally are adaptations of traditional courses; some courses are more suitable for such online instruction. As the trend of online course offerings continues, universities must understand factors that lead to students’ preferences since online courses can be costly to develop and implement and inappropriate online coursescan lead to lower student retention rates. This study focuses on students’ perceptions of online courses. The results identify issues that affect students’ perceptions and this study concludes by suggesting ways for universities to design online programs that better suit the desires of students.
Fulfilling the Promise
Authors: Repman Judi , Zinskie Cordelia , Downs Elizabeth 
Published: May 2011

As online learning continues to expand and evolve, new challenges emerge regarding the implementation of Web2.0 tools and technologies in online pedagogy. Thebusiness model approach to online learning being embraced by many institutions may actually work against faculty who want to utilize Web 2.0 technologies to createe-learning 2.0 experiences for their students. Faculty and administrators need to recognize that differences in perspectives may significantly impact future directions of online courses and programs.
An Evaluation of Blending Technology with Pedagogy for Teacher Education and its Implication for their Classroom Teaching
Authors: Lam Paul , Csete Josephine , McNaught Carmel 
Published: May 2011

Although research has been conducted on the benefits anddrawbacks of online courses, more is specifically needed inteacher-education to increase understanding of the transfer process from technology integration learning to the classroom. This study was designed to evaluate a model for blending technology with traditional classroommethods in preparing teachers to do the same. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to examine the collaborative and scaffolding approaches to the teacher learners construction of meaning in the online discourse. Data has been collected from blended graduate level courses taught in the area ofeducational technology for in-service and pre-serviceteachers from 2001 through 2006. These findings will be used to help identify best-practices for technologyintegration with teacher-education through informed applied research, and to create a new model for more comprehensive future blended course design.
Culture and Language Learning in Computer-Enhanced or Assisted Language Learning
Authors: Olaniran Bolanle A. 
Published: May 2011

This article explores computer-mediated communication (CMC) and information communication technology (ICT) use in language learning. More specifically, the article addresses the impact or implications of CMC tools for computer enhanced language learning. The article attempts to present a review of key literature in adaptation of communication technologies to teaching or learninglanguage in general and specifically second languageacquisition. The article stresses the need to understandculture and contextual appropriateness of language, thus, it argues for communication technology to be used as a secondary resource rather than a primary tool for languagelearners. The discussion addresses the dimensions of cultural variability with respect to language learning. At the same time, features of synchronous and asynchronous CMC were analyzed in the context of language learning. Finally, the article addresses implications for languagelearning in computer mediated communication or computerassisted environments.
Mobile e-Learning for Next Generation Communication Environment
Authors: Wu Tin-Yu , Chao Han-Chieh 
Published: May 2011

This article develops an environment for mobile e-learningthat includes an interactive course, virtual online labs, an interactive online test, and lab-exercise training platform on the fourth generation mobile communication system. TheNext Generation Learning Environment (NeGL) promotes the term “knowledge economy.” Inter-networking has become one of the most popular technologies in mobile e-learning for the next generation communicationenvironment. This system uses a variety of computer embedded devices to ubiquitously access multimedia information, such as smart phones and PDAs. The most important feature is greater available bandwidth. The learning mode in the future will be an international, immediate, virtual, and interactive classroom that enables learners to learn and interact.
Identifying Key Factors of Motivation to Share and Re-Use Pedagogical Documents
Authors: Fernandes Emmanuel , Holzer Fabrice , Forte Maia Wentland , Zaerpour Bahram 
Published: May 2011

Lots of efforts (ARIADNE, Dublin Core, IMS, eBioMED.ch, IEEE-LTSC, CEN-CENELEC, Medline Mesh tree, SCORM, etc.) have been invested in defining a proper indexation schema, resulting in an appropriate descriptor or header for describing pedagogical documents. The difficulty stems from the following paradox: the header should be as detailed as possible to get, when querying the knowledge pool, an adequate set of documents, and as light as possible to make sure that indexation will be performed. So whatever the international standard might be, it will achieve its aim of fostering share-and-reuse only if the majority of the involved persons accept to use it! The question therefore is: “How do you convince an author to index a document?” To try and answer this question, we are investigating the key factors of motivation for an author.
Evaluation of The Effects of CO2 Partial Pressure on The Corrosion Fatigue Behavior of Flexible Pipes Tensile Armour Wires
Authors: dos Santos Fabio Pinheiro , Pires Fabio , Clements Richard Alasdair , Clevelario Judimar Assis , Sheldrake Terry H. , Souza Luiz Felipe Guimarães , Kenedi Paulo Pedro 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The upcoming developments in the pre-salt area, offshore Brazil, will require the expansion of the current qualification envelope for the materials used in subsea equipment. It is expected that such fields present a higher concentration of CO2 when compared to the ultra deepwater developments carried out to date, thus leading to more aggressive environments when compared to those already known to the offshore industry. Due to the gas permeation behavior inherent in the flexible pipe's materials, any increase in the CO2 concentration in the conveyed fluid will be reflected as an increase in the CO2 concentration in the pipe annulus, subjecting its metallic armor layers to a more aggressive environment. Based on this scenario, Wellstream has established a research and development programme, in partnership with CEFET-RJ, to evaluate the effects of the CO2 partial pressure on the corrosion fatigue behavior of tensile armor wires used in flexible pipes. The scope of the research programme focused on the design of a corrosion fatigue test fixture for tensile armor wires in environments up to 15 bar CO2, and the execution of corrosion fatigue tests using different partial pressures of CO2 whilst maintaining the consistency of the other test variables, such as test setup, test frequency, test media, tensile armor wire supplier and material batch. Upon completion of the test programme, it was possible to quantify the effects of the CO2 partial pressure on the fatigue service life of tensile armor wires in flexible pipes, which generated valuable test data to support flexible pipe design for such harsh environments.

Introduction
Unbonded dynamic flexible risers represent a key integrating technology for offshore developments, playing a major role in connecting subsea structures with surface floating production units. The versatility of flexible pipes provide a wide range of applications due to their unique structural characteristics, which comprise the use of helically wound metallic wires and tapes, and extruded thermoplastics, to form a composite pipe structure designed to address field specific requirements. Figure 1 presents a typical rough bore flexible pipe structure.
Effectiveness of Passive Heave Compensation in a Deepwater Environment
Authors: Presley Barry , Koutsoukos Sotirios 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The technical advantage of a method of providing heave compensation for deepwater installation operations is presented. This paper explores the use of passive heave compensation (PHC) as an alternative to active heave compensation (AHC) to improve seabed landing. The theoretical modeling of such systems is shown to increase vessel operability and therefore reduce installation time and costs.
When a subsea package is to be installed on the seabed, the landing velocity or acceleration may be restricted due to various reasons, such as the possibility of disturbing the soil or damaging any sensitive components in the package. This may limit the permissible seastate for installation and restrict vessel operability. In order to improve operability, active heave compensation systems are often used to bring down the landing velocity and acceleration
The effectiveness of passive heave compensation (PHC) for seabed landing is assessed analytically in a variety of global locations. It is concluded that passive heave compensation systems can be effective in many regions and applications where achieving soft landing of subsea packages is important during subsea installation to improve operability. This paper demonstrates that passive heave compensation systems are a viable alternative to active heave compensation systems.

Introduction
There is an increasing need to lower, install and retrieve larger packages to greater water depths from vessels offshore. As a result, there is increased scrutiny on the integrity of the cranes and winches during these operations, especially as these assets are used closer to their rated capacity. There also appears to be increasing demand on the integrity of installed packages and to position these within tighter tolerances on the seabed, calling for better prediction, control of package displacement parameters and line tension. The major displacement of the package during lowering, installation or retrieval operations is in the vertical (heave) direction of the vessel from which it is suspended. Compensating for the heave of the vessel from which the structure is installed can therefore reduce the displacement of the package. The motion parameters and line tension can also be influenced by introducing suitably tuned devices in the line which can additionally absorb any amplified dynamic loads.
Package motions and line tensions assume importance at three key stages during a lowering operation; as the package passes through the splash zone, as it passes through resonance, and as it approaches touchdown on the seabed. In shallow water, shorter wire length causes the boom tip and the package to move in phase. However, in deeper water as the wire is much longer the package motions are no longer solely a function of boom tip motions, indeed the package can oscillate at the system (i.e. crane structure, wire and package) natural frequency.
Touch Down Zone Curvature Measurements on Insulated Steel Catenary Risers in Ultra Deep Water (Development, Implementation and Results)
Authors: Edwards Roderick Y. , Le Douaron Stephanie , Gallagher Brian , Prislin Igor , Duley David 
Published: May 2011

1.0 Abstract
Bending strain is the main contributor to fatigue damage in the touch-down zone (TDZ) of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR). Measurement of the curvature in the SCR at the TDZ due to bending is essential to the validation of numerical models for SCR response and fatigue estimation. Long term SCR integrity monitoring systems may also require tools for the measurement of bending strain in the TDZ. In deep water, production SCRs typically have thick anti-corrosion and insulation layers that make the inference of the strain in the underlying pipe challenging. This paper describes the development of a strain measurement system and unique attachment scheme that can be literally built into the insulation and anti-corrosion layers on ultra deep water SCRs. Results of qualification tests will be presented that prove that the " insulation strain measurement system?? produces a very accurate estimate of the strain in the underlying pipe steel. In addition, test results are presented that demonstrate that the attachment scheme does not threaten the integrity of the insulation and corrosion protection layers. Finally full scale bending strain measurement results will be presented from the TDZ of the Total AKPO Gas Export SCR in 1200 meters of water that illustrate the quality of the data, the excellent resolution and reasonableness of the results compared to numerical model predictions.

2.0 Introduction and Functional Requirements of the AKPO Riser Monitoring System
Total's Akpo field lies offshore Nigeria within OML130, some 200 km south of Port Harcourt, in water depths ranging from 1250 m to 1480 m, and is operated by TOTAL UPSTREAM NIGERIA LIMITED. The spread-moored 2 million barrel AKPO FPSO receives oil and gas through insulated SCRs, produces the fluids, and offloads the product via 2 Off-Loading Lines (OOLs) to the OLT which is a Single Point Mooring (SPM) buoy, and subsequently to a shuttle tanker. The current field production plan includes 22 producing wells, 20 water injection wells, and 2 gas injection wells, arranged in clusters around subsea manifolds. The subsea manifolds are connected to the FPSO through looped and insulated flowlines and SCRs. The overall project schematic is shown in Figure 1.
The SCR system is composed of:8 off 10?? ID production loops with Flex Joint (FJ) at FPSO side1 off 8?? ID gas injection line with FJ at FPSO side4 off 10?? ID water injection line with FJ at FPSO side1 off 16?? OD gas export line with FJ at FPSO side
The OOL system is composed of:2 off 16?? ID OOL with FJ at FPSO side and FJ at SPM buoy side.
Frigg Decommissioning - Contracting Process
Authors: Rugeldal Kurt Arne 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Frigg and MCP01 Cessation Project (FCP) is the largest decommissioning project undertaken in recent years and includes removal of six Topsides, three steel Jackets and sea-lines with an estimated total weight of 87000 metric tonnes. Different methods have been applied from single and module based lifts to "piece small" dismantling and removal.
As a first major Decommissioning Project in the North Sea, the Decommissioning of the Frigg and MCP01 installations required special attention in formulating the Contracting Process.
This paper describes the Contracting Process from the initial scope definitions until the award of Contracts some 5 years later. The paper describes some of the special features and challenges faced in setting up the Contract Strategy and formulating the Contracting Process. Furthermore, the paper describes how new technology, such as " single lift?? and " piece-small?? technology were incorporated in the pre-qualification Process to suit our specific decommissioning case.
The paper also describes specific issues related to the Contract Format used on this Contract, highlighting special features particular to this type of work. In addition the paper discusses the Compensation Format used and how the risk sharing between Company and Contractor was formulated in the Contract.
Finally, the paper will review lessons learned and highlight some of the more important recommendations for similar types of projects.

Introduction
The Frigg Field was a gas Field, situated in the North Sea, on the border between Norway and United Kingdom (UK).
The Field had three installations located in the Norwegian sector, a drilling and production platform (DP2), a treatment and compression platform (TCP2) and an unused steel substructure damaged during installation in 1974 (DP1). Three other installations were located in the UK sector, a treatment platform (TP1), a concrete drilling platform (CDP1) and quarter platform (QP). The platforms were installed in the period 1974 to 1977. The gas was transported to St Fergus in Scotland, through the Frigg pipelines, passing through a manifold and compression platform (MCP01) situated at the mid-point of the pipelines. The partners for the Frigg Unit Installations are Total E&P Norge AS 28.66%, Statoil Petroleum AS 32.16%, and Total E&P UK Limited 39.18%.
Figure 13 (last page) shows a map of the North Sea with the location of the Frigg Field and the MCP01 (left) as well as an illustrator's views of the installations on the Frigg Field (right).

Scope Definition
The Scope Of Work (SOW) for the Frigg and MCP01 Cessation Project was defined during the initial Process which started in 1999. This was later formulated and described in the Frigg and MCP01Cessation Plan and submitted to the respective Authorities in Norway and UK for approval.
The Norwegian and the UK Authorities approved the Frigg Cessation Plan in May 2003, and this plan formed the basis for the work performed during the following year.
The Bureau of Ocean Energy Managment, Regulation and Enforcement's Historic Preservation Program
Authors: Horrell Christopher E. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In consultation with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior, every Federal agency is responsible for developing an effective historic preservation program. The purpose of this program is to identify, evaluate, and nominate historic properties to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), provide protection of historic properties, under the jurisdiction or control of the agency as well as those properties not under the auspices of the agency but subject to be potentially affected by agency-permitted actions. The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) also requires that agency preservation-related activities are carried out in consultation with other Federal, State, and local agencies, Indian tribes, Native Hawaiian Organizations (NHO), and the private sector, and that the procedures for compliance with Section 106 of the Act be consistent with regulations issued by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP). Furthermore, the Act stipulates that an agency may not grant assistance, a license or permit to an applicant who damages or destroys a historic property with the intent of avoiding the requirements of Section 106. This paper will discuss the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement's (BOEMRE) Historic Preservation Program in the Gulf of Mexico Region (GOMR), and highlight how the agency conducts its regulatory responsibility under the National Historic Preservation Act with respect to oil and gas development on the Outer Continental Shelf.

Introduction
The Department of the Interior's (DOI), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), is the federal agency responsible for overseeing the safe and environmentally responsible development of energy and mineral resouces on the Outer Continetal Shelf (OCS). As such, the BOEMRE is responsible for Historic Preservation throughout the Federal waters on the OCS.

Historic Preservation
Every Federal agency is responsible for developing an effective historic preservation program in consultation with the Secretary of the Department of the Interior. These Federal historic preservation programs shall be coordinated by each agency's Federal Preservation Officer.
The preservation and use of historic properties and their careful consideration in agency planning and decision making are in the public interest, are consistent with the declaration of policy set forth in the NHPA, and must be a fundamental part of the mission of any Federal Agency (NPS and ACHP 1998).
Subsea Liquid Sampling Using Flow-through Technique
Authors: Hall Graham 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of a new subsea liquid sampling technology; a method of capturing a physical sample of produced fluid from a Subsea Tree / Manifold and recovering it for laboratory analysis.
Whilst sampling at the surface is a relatively mature technology, subsea sampling is not common practice due to the challenges involved.
Being able to take liquid samples from individual wells subsea before they are comingled into the pipeline enables production optimisation on a number of fronts including:Flow-meter calibration (affected by water cut / salinity)Tracer detection (understanding the reservoir)Need for Scale squeeze (barium content)Well fluid composition (per well)
Prototype testing has been completed at the National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Scotland using both the multiphase and wetgas flow loops. The testing program validated the technique, was used to optimize the design and determine the operating envelope across a wide variety of flow regimes.
Application engineering is underway for a project in the Gulf of Mexico.
The system provides access to valuable data which can be used to optimize production.

Introduction
Subsea wells are typically comingled before entering an export pipeline to a production facility, either offshore or onshore. This prevents conventional surface sampling technologies from being used to analyse produced fluids from individual wells. Other factors, such as subsea chemical injection and differing flowing conditions at surface, compound the problem.
International standards have been created for sampling (ISO 3171, ISO 3165, ISO 3170); however, there is currently no standard that specifically addresses subsea sampling.
Some of the challenges faced in taking a sample subsea include: access to the well stream; hydrostatic pressure; remote operations and harsh environment.