bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing brain tumor detection in MRI with a rotation invariant Vision Transformer
Authors: Krishnan Palani Thanaraj , Krishnadoss Pradeep , Khandelwal Mukund , Gupta Devansh , Nihaal Anupoju , Kumar T. Sunil 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe Rotation Invariant Vision Transformer (RViT) is a novel deep learning model tailored for brain tumor classification using MRI scans.MethodsRViT incorporates rotated patch embeddings to enhance the accuracy of brain tumor identification.ResultsEvaluation on the Brain Tumor MRI Dataset from Kaggle demonstrates RViT's superior performance with sensitivity (1.0), specificity (0.975), F1-score (0.984), Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) (0.972), and an overall accuracy of 0.986.ConclusionRViT outperforms the standard Vision Transformer model and several existing techniques, highlighting its efficacy in medical imaging. The study confirms that integrating rotational patch embeddings improves the model's capability to handle diverse orientations, a common challenge in tumor imaging. The specialized architecture and rotational invariance approach of RViT have the potential to enhance current methodologies for brain tumor detection and extend to other complex imaging tasks.
Effects of cannabidiol, with and without ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, on anxiety-like behavior following alcohol withdrawal in mice
Authors: Melkumyan Mariam , Annaswamy Vibha M. , Evans Alexandra M. , Showemimo Opeyemi F. , McCullers Zari E. , Sun Dongxiao , Murphy Terrence E. , Vrana Kent E. , Arnold Amy C. , Raup-Konsavage Wesley M. , Silberman Yuval 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with anxiety disorders and enhanced stress-sensitivity; symptoms that can worsen during withdrawal to perpetuate continued alcohol use. Alcohol increases neuroimmune activity in the brain. Our recent evidence indicates that alcohol directly modulates neuroimmune function in the central amygdala (CeA), a key brain region regulating anxiety and alcohol intake, to alter neurotransmitter signaling. We hypothesized that cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which are thought to reduce neuroinflammation and anxiety, may have potential utility to alleviate alcohol withdrawal-induced stress-sensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of CeA neuroimmune function.MethodsWe tested the effects of CBD and CBD:THC (3:1 ratio) on anxiety-like behaviors and neuroimmune function in the CeA of mice undergoing acute (4-h) and short-term (24-h) withdrawal from chronic intermittent alcohol vapor exposure (CIE). We further examined the impact of CBD and CBD:THC on alcohol withdrawal behaviors in the presence of an additional stressor.ResultsWe found that CBD and 3:1 CBD:THC increased anxiety-like behaviors at 4-h withdrawal. At 24-h withdrawal, CBD alone reduced anxiety-like behaviors while CBD:THC had mixed effects, showing increased center time indicating reduced anxiety-like behaviors, but increased immobility time that may indicate increased anxiety-like behaviors. These mixed effects may be due to altered metabolism of CBD and THC during alcohol withdrawal. Immunohistochemical analysis showed decreased S100β and Iba1 cell counts in the CeA at 4-h withdrawal, but not at 24-h withdrawal, with CBD and CBD:THC reversing alcohol withdrawal effects..DiscussionThese results suggest that the use of cannabinoids during alcohol withdrawal may lead to exacerbated anxiety depending on timing of use, which may be related to neuroimmune cell function in the CeA.
Mapping the current trends and hotspots of adult hippocampal neurogenesis from 2004–2023: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liu Ye , Zhang Jian , Gu Xiyao , Jia Shushan 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveWe utilized bibliometric and data visualization techniques to discern the primary research domains and emerging frontiers in the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN).MethodsWe systematically searched the Web of Science database for AHN-related articles published between 2004 and 2023. The retrieved articles were filtered based on publication types (articles and reviews) and language (English). We employed CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the online bibliometric platform (bibliometric.com) to visualize and analyze the collected data.ResultsIn total, 1,590 AHN-related publications were discovered, exhibiting a steady increase in yearly publications over time. The United States emerged as the leading contributor in AHN research in terms of both publication quantity and national influence. Among all research institutions in the field of AHN, the University of California System exhibited the highest impact. Kempermann, Gerd was the most active author. The publications of the top three active authors primarily focused on the functions of AHN, and reversing hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment by improving AHN. An analysis of reference co-citation clustering revealed 8 distinct research clusters, and the notable ones included “adult hippocampal neurogenesis,” “neurogenesis,” “hippocampus,” “dentate gyrus,” “neural stem cell,” and “depression.” Additionally, a burst keyword detection indicated that ‘anxiety’ is a current research hotspot in the field of AHN.ConclusionThis in-depth bibliographic assessment of AHN offers a deeper insight into the present research hotspots in the field. The association between AHN and cognitive diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and anxiety, has emerged as a prominent research hotspot.
A trans-umbilical single-site plus one robotic-assisted surgery for choledochal cyst resection in children
Authors: Lin Yucan , Chen Shan , Lin Yang , Zhang Ling , Wang Jianbin , Qiu Xinyi , Xu Di , Li Lizhi 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of a trans-umbilical single-site plus one robot-assisted surgery and a trans-umbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of choledochal cysts.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 49 children diagnosed with choledochal cysts who were admitted to our hospital between June 2020 and December 2023. Among these patients, 24 underwent a trans-umbilical single-site plus one Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery (the robot group) and 25 underwent a trans-umbilical single-site laparoscopic-assisted surgery (the laparoscopic group). We compared differences in intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between the two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups of patients in terms of gender, age, weight, clinical symptoms, maximum cyst diameter, type, postoperative complications, and facial expression, leg movement, activity, crying, and comfortability (FLACC) scoring (p &gt; 0.05). Compared with the patients in the laparoscopic group, those in the robot group had less intraoperative bleeding [10 (8–12) vs. 15 (11.5–18) ml, p &lt; 0.001] and required less postoperative drainage tube indwelling time [5 (4–6) vs. 7 (5.5–8) day, p &lt; 0.001], less postoperative fasting time [4 (3–4) vs. 6 (5–7) days, p &lt; 0.001], and less postoperative hospitalization time [6 (6–7) vs. 8 (6–10) days, p &lt; 0.001], but they required more operative time [385.5 (317.0–413.3) vs. 346.0 (287.0–376.5) min, p = 0.050] and consumed more hospitalization expenses (79,323 ± 3,124 vs. 31,121 ± 2,918 yuan, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study showed a shorter hospitalization time, quicker postoperative recovery, and less tissue damage but a higher cost and a longer operation time in patients who chose robotic surgery rather than laparoscopic surgery. With the continuous expansion of the scale of installed robot-assisted surgical systems and the gradual accumulation of the technical experience of surgeons, robot-assisted surgery may slowly surpass, and shows a trend to replace, laparoscopy because of its advantages.
Dysrhythmic saliva microbiota in mobile phone addicts with sleep disorders and restored by acupuncture
Authors: Mei Ying-Xiu , Yang Kun , Zhang Lu , Jin Yue , Yang Ni , Yang Hong , Zheng Ya-Li , Pang Yue-Shan , Gong Yan-Ju , Zhou Hang , Zuo Yu-Lin , Ding Wei-Jun 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundMobile phone addiction (MPA) greatly affects the biological clock and sleep quality and is emerging as a behavioral disorder. The saliva microbiota has been linked to circadian rhythms, and our previous research revealed dysrhythmic saliva metabolites in MPA subjects with sleep disorders (MPASD). In addition, acupuncture had positive effects. However, the dysbiotic saliva microbiota in MPASD patients and the restorative effects of acupuncture are unclear.ObjectivesTo probe the circadian dysrhythmic characteristics of the saliva microbiota and acupunctural restoration in MPASD patients.MethodsMPASD patients and healthy volunteers were recruited by the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Saliva samples were collected every 4 h for 72 h. After saliva sampling, six MPDSD subjects (group M) were acupuncturally treated (group T), and subsequent saliva sampling was conducted posttreatment. Finally, all the samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.ResultsSignificantly increased MPATS and PSQI scores were observed in MPDSD patients (p&lt; 0.01), but these scores decreased (p&lt;0.001) after acupuncture intervention. Compared with those in healthy controls, the diversity and structure of the saliva microbiota in MPASD patients were markedly disrupted. Six genera with circadian rhythms were detected in all groups, including Sulfurovum, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas and Prevotella. There were five genera with circadian rhythmicity in healthy people, of which the rhythmicities of the genera Rothia and Lautropia disappeared in MPASD patients but effectively resumed after acupuncture intervention.ConclusionsThis work revealed dysrhythmic salivary microbes in MPASD patients, and acupuncture, as a potential intervention, could be effective in mitigating this ever-rising behavioral epidemic.
Bovine colostrum supplementation as a new perspective in depression and substance use disorder treatment: a randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Durkalec-Michalski Krzysztof , Główka Natalia , Podgórski Tomasz , Odrobny Weronika , Krawczyński Marcin , Botwina Ryszard , Bodzicz Stanisław , Nowaczyk Paulina M. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3-month supplementation of bovine colostrum (BOV-COL; 8x400 mg per day) on the outcomes of depression treatment in hospitalized patients with substance use disorder (SUD). The hypothesis is that BOV-COL supplementation as an add-on treatment results in favorable alternations in selected blood inflammatory markers or neurotransmitters, leading to better depression treatment outcomes compared with placebo (PLA).MethodsPatients with a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 score ≥60 points were enrolled. Twenty-nine participants (n=18 in the BOV-COL group and n=11 in the PLA group) completed the protocol.ResultsThe mean Beck Depression Inventory-II score was significantly reduced after supplementation in both groups. However, the mean 17-point Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score was decreased in the BOV-COL group, but not in the PLA group. In the BOV-COL group, there was a reduction in interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, the IL-6:IL-10 ratio, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), while in the PLA group only IL-6 decreased. Favorable alternations in the total count and differentials of white blood cell subsets were more pronounced in the BOV-COL. There were no changes in neurotransmitter concentrations.ConclusionsBOV-COL supplementation is a promising add-on therapy in patients with depression and SUD.
“I feel [so alone] nothing” – emotional vulnerability and detachment as transdiagnostic key characteristics of patients with chronic tinnitus: a schema mode model approach
Authors: Boecking Benjamin , Brueggemann Petra , Mazurek Birgit 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundGold-standard approaches for chronic tinnitus involve hearing amplification measures and psychological therapy, where applicable. Whilst schema therapy is accumulating evidence as a transdiagnostically useful treatment framework, its applicability for patients with chronic tinnitus has not yet been examined. The present study (a) explores latent dimensions of psychological distress in a sample of chronic tinnitus patients, and (b) examines whether the schema mode model might explain these dimensions – thus constituting a potentially helpful conceptualization and treatment framework.MethodsN = 696 patients with chronic tinnitus completed the Tinnitus Questionnaire, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire and ICD-10 Symptom Rating. As criterion, patients further completed the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI-r) – which assesses psychological constructs linked to negative self-beliefs (“parent modes”), primary emotions resulting from unmet psychological needs (“child modes”), and secondary emotional or behavioral attempts to reinstate or maintain psychological equilibrium (“coping modes”). A varimax-rotated principal axis factor analysis grouped the primary item pool. Factor scale scores were then correlated with the SMI-r.ResultsA three-factor solution explained 37.4% of variance and represented 78% of the included items. Following item content examination, the factors represented (1) General emotional distress, (2) Tinnitus-attributed emotional distress, and (3) Socio-audiological impairment. Factors 1|2 correlated highly (r = 0.70), Factors 2|3 moderately (r = 0.62). Linked to the schema mode model, Factor 1 correlated highly with the “vulnerable child” (r = 0.78), and moderately with the “parent”, “angry child”, and “detached protector” modes (0.53 &lt; r &lt; 0.65). Factor 2 correlated moderately with the “vulnerable child” (r = 0.53). Factor 3 was largely uncorrelated with SMI-r scores – although a low correlation with the “detached protector” warrants further examination.Conclusion“General” and “tinnitus-attributed” emotional distress correlate highly – warranting holistic (not symptom-specific) psychological case conceptualization and treatment planning. Viewed from a schema mode perspective, the “vulnerable child” explains substantial variance across both dimensions. Consequently, autobiographically anchored, unmet emotional needs and emotional detachment constitute key treatment targets. Social-audiological impairment should be multimodally conceptualised and treated with hearing aids and psychological support measures, as applicable.
Effectiveness of a program to lower unwanted media screens among 2–5-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaur Nimran , Gupta Madhu , Chakrapani Venkatesan , Khan Firoz , Malhi Prahbhjot , Kiran Tanvi , Grover Sandeep 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLimited interventions exist on reducing unwanted screen time (ST) among children from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), so we developed and assessed the effectiveness of the program to lower unwanted media screen time (PLUMS) among children aged 2–5 years in Chandigarh, Union Territory, North India.MethodsAn open-label randomized control parallel group trial per CONSORT guidelines was conducted among randomly selected 340 families with children aged 2–5 (±3 months) years in Chandigarh, India. PLUMS was implemented at the family level with a focus on modifying the home media environment and targeted individual-level interventions using parent and child modules for 2 months. A post-intervention (immediately) and a follow-up assessment after 6 months was done. During the follow-up period, the interaction was done passively via WhatsApp groups. The control group received routine healthcare services. Validated and standardized tools, including a digital screen exposure questionnaire with a physical activity component, preschool child behavior checklist, and sleep disturbance scale for children, were used to collect data at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up periods. The primary outcome was the mean difference in ST (minutes/day) among children in the intervention group versus the control group. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was performed to adjust for clustering.ResultsAn equal number of families (n = 170) were randomly assigned to the intervention and control arms. In the post-intervention assessment, 161 and 166 families continued while, at the follow-up assessment, 154 and 147 were in the intervention and control arm, respectively. The mean difference in ST on a typical day [27.7 min, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.1, 50.3] at the post-intervention assessment significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased in the intervention (102.6 ± 98.5 min) arm as compared with the control (130.3 ± 112.8 min) arm. A significant reduction in ST (β = −35.81 min, CI -70.6, −1.04) from baseline (β = 123.1 min) to follow-up phase (β = 116 min) was observed in GEE analysis. The duration of physical activity increased both at post-intervention (β = 48.4 min, CI = +6.6, +90.3) and follow-up (β = 73.4 min, CI = 36.2, 110.5) assessments in the intervention arm.ConclusionThe PLUMS intervention significantly reduced the children’s mean ST on a typical day and increased the physical activity immediately post-intervention and during the 6-month follow-up period. These results might guide the policymakers to include strategies in the national child health programs in the Southeast Asia Region to reduce unwanted ST.Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier CTRI/2017/09/009761.
Cultural adaptation of the brain health assessment for early detection of cognitive impairment in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuagu Chukwuanugo , Ogbuagu Ekenechukwu , Emelumadu Obiageli , Okereke Uzoma , Okeke Irene , Chigbo Godswill , Possin Katherine L. , Allen Isabel E. , Tsoy Elena , Uwakwe Richard 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe aging population in developing countries demands parallel improvements in brain health assessment services to mitigate stigma, promote healthy aging, and diagnose cognitive impairments including dementia in primary health care (PHC) facilities. The lack of culturally appropriate cognitive assessment tools in PHC facilities delays early detection. This study aims to culturally adapt a brief digital cognitive assessment tool for PHC professionals in Southeast Nigeria.MethodA total of 30 participants (15 healthcare workers HCW and 15 community members) were selected to be culturally representative of the community. We completed focus groups and pilot testing to evaluate and refine the Brain Health Assessment (BHA) a subset of tools from the Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT) known to be sensitive to cognitive impairment in other settings. We examined BHA subtests across local languages (Pidgin and Igbo) spoken at two geriatric clinics in Anambra State Southeast Nigeria.ResultsFollowing structured approaches in focus groups, adaptations were made to the Favorites (memory) and Line Length (visuospatial) subtests based on their input. Participants found the new adaptations to have good construct validity for the region.ConclusionsThe BHA subtests showed content validity for future work needed to validate the tool for detecting early cognitive changes associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in PHC settings. The use of culturally adapted and concise digital cognitive assessment tools relevant to healthcare professionals in Southeast Nigeria's PHCs is advocated.
Current teachers’ perceptions and students' perspectives regarding activities modalities, instructional settings during primary school physical education classes in China: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Yan Jin , Malkin Max , Smith Jordan J. , Morgan Philip , Eather Narelle 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThis study set out to understand the association between teaching practices, teacher confidence, competence, self-efficacy, and the resulting student outcomes.MethodsData regarding teaching behaviours were collected via video recording and then evaluated using the MASTER Observation Tool. The information about demographics, self-reported teaching confidence, competence, self-efficacy, and student outcomes was collected using questionnaires. The association between teacher characteristics, and teacher and/or student outcome variables were tested using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsA total of ten primary schools were involved, including 597 children (age range: 10–12 years, grade 4–6) and 16 grade 4–6 PE teachers (with 16 PE classes). Most of the Physical Education (PE) lesson time was spent in training-form activities (60.2% ± 9.1), followed by instructional time (33.1% ± 8.6%), reflection (3.4% ± 2.3%), and warm-up (2.9% ± 2.0 %). It was observed that teaching behaviours and student outcomes were significantly better in urban than rural areas. Smaller class sizes (21–30 children) were found to have more positive feedback than larger ones (41–50 children). PE teachers with more than 10 years of teaching experience reported more teaching competence and self-efficacy than teachers with less than 10 years of experience. PE teachers with class sizes of 21–30 children enjoyed significantly better scores in self-efficacy than classes with 41–50 children. They also scored more highly in confidence and competence than classes with 41–50 and 51–60 pupils.ConclusionThe current study confirmed that teachers dedicated a large proportion of lesson time to PE delivering training-form activities, followed by instructional time. Teaching behaviour and student outcomes were associated with location and class size, but not gender. The study contributes to our understanding of PE instruction in Chinese primary schools and offers preliminary evidence to improve future PE teaching strategies in the country.
De l’impossibilité d’imposer à des filiales un paiement en exécution d’une clause d’un contrat conclu par la société mère
Authors: Maria Ingrid 
Published: June 2024

Au sens des articles 1199 et suivants du Code civil, le contrat ne produit pas d’effet à l’égard des tiers qui ne peuvent ni en demander l’exécution ni être contraints de l’exécuter. Ainsi, sauf représentation, les filiales demeurent des tiers aux contrats souscrits par la société mère. Le fait que cette dernière ait confié à un contractant la gestion de la communication globale de ses filiales constitue une stipulation au profit de ces sociétés qui ne permet aucunement de mettre à la charge des filiales une obligation. Un contractant ne saurait demander le paiement prévu dans une clause pénale après résiliation unilatérale du contrat avant son échéance par son cocontractant dès lors que la résiliation se justifie par des manquements au contrat.
Réunion, association de malfaiteurs et bande organisée : une simple question d’amateurisme ?
Authors: Basseres Pierre 
Published: June 2024

Doivent être retenus coupables de vols en réunion deux individus identifiés et confondus parmi une bande de quatre protagonistes ayant commis plusieurs faits espacés dans le temps et dans divers lieux, la circonstance que les actes de procédures établissent un même modus operandi pour chacun des faits et une répartition stricte des rôles entre ces quatre protagonistes n’étant pas de nature à justifier la qualification d’association de malfaiteurs ou même la circonstance de bande organisée.
Du retrait de mesures d'aménagement de peine résultant d'une interprétation extensive des textes
Authors: Déplante Léa 
Published: June 2024

Depuis la loi de programmation pour la justice du 23 mars 2019, l’accent est mis sur le renforcement des aménagements de peine ab initio pour les courtes peines d’emprisonnement. Parmi eux, est prévue la détention à domicile sous surveillance électronique. Les dispositions légales prévoyant la mise en place de cette mesure envisagent également son retrait dans certains cas spécifiques. Cependant, les juridictions de l’application des peines semblent interpréter ces dispositions de manière bien plus large que la loi ne le permet.