bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of stent implantation for native and recurrent coarctation of the aorta—follow‐up of up to 13 years
Authors: Krasemann Thomas , Bano Maria , Rosenthal Eric , Qureshi Shakeel A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: To evaluate the mid and long‐term prognosis after stenting of native or recurrent CoA, we studied the cardiovascular parameters in the follow‐up period up to 13 years. Methods and results: Between 1993 and 2006, 68 patients underwent stent implantation for aortic coarctation (average age 25.5 years, range 5.7–65 years, average weight 65.5 kg, range 32–122 kg). Forty‐six (68%) patients were aged >17 years. Stenting was performed for native coarctation in 41 and for recurrent coarctation in 27 patients, in 23 (34%) patients with a covered stent. Redilation was carried out in 26 (38%) patients. The invasive systolic gradient decreased from mean (±SD) 25 (±15) mm Hg to 5 (±5) mm Hg (P < 0.0005). The descending aorta pressure increased from 80 (±15) mm Hg to 101 (±18) mm Hg. The systolic right arm blood pressure decreased from a mean of 153 (±24) mm Hg to 129 (±18) mm Hg (P < 0.0005). Complications like small dissections were rare. Follow‐up (6 days to 13 years, mean 41 months) was available in 66 patients, in 23 after reintervention at a mean of 71 months, range of 8 months to 10.3 years. Fifty‐one percent remained clinically hypertensive. Conclusions: Stenting of aortic coarctation gives good medium‐term results. Frequent reintervention relate to deliberately under‐dilating stents during the initial procedure. The reintervention rate has reduced since the introduction of covered stents. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioactive Unnatural Somatostatin Analogues through Bioorthogonal Iodo‐ and Ethynyl‐Disulfide Intercalators
Authors: Pfisterer Anne , Eisele Klaus , Chen Xi , Wagner Manfred , Müllen Klaus , Weil Tanja 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIodo‐ and ethynyl‐containing bisalkylating bioconjugation agents 5 and 8 were achieved and allow the introduction of reactive unnatural substituents into proteins and peptides whilst the bioactive 3D structure is retained. Derivatives of the peptide hormone somatostatin bearing a single iodo or ethynyl group were prepared through intercalation into the disulfide bridge. For the first time, the exact reaction mechanism of the intercalation was elucidated by applying 2D NMR experiments and it was shown that, during the reaction, somatostatin diastereomers were formed. Site‐directed modification of the ethynyl‐modified peptide with a coumarin chromophore was achieved through a [1,3] dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition reaction; this suggests that such a derivative could serve as an attractive platform to prepare artificial somatostatin compound libraries. The biological activity and specificity of a representative modified somatostatin derivative was demonstrated and efficient receptor‐mediated cell uptake occurred in a dose‐dependent manner into receptor positive cells only. The iodo and ethynyl bioconjugation reagents presented herein could be applied for introducing such substituents into alternative peptides and proteins and, in principle, could facilitate the efficient design of a broad variety of artificial protein and peptide analogues with previously unknown bioactivities.
Hydrophobic Interactions and Clustering in a Porous Capsule: Option to Remove Hydrophobic Materials from Water
Authors: Schäffer Christian , Todea Ana Maria , Bögge Hartmut , Petina Olga A. , Rehder Dieter , Haupt Erhard T. K. , Müller Achim 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe investigation of hydrophobic interactions under confined conditions is of tremendous interdisciplinary interest. It is shown that based on porous capsules of the type {(pentagon)}12{(linker)}30 ≡ {(Mo)Mo5}12{Mo2(ligand)}30, which exhibit different hydrophobic interiors—achieved by coordinating related ligands to the internal sites of the 30 {Mo2} type linkers—there is the option to study systematically interactions with different uptaken/encapsulated hydrophobic molecules like long‐chain alcohols as well as to prove the important correlation between the sizes of the related hydrophobic cavities and the option of water encapsulations. The measurements of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra (e.g. ROESY, NOESY and HSQC) allowed the study of the interactions especially between encapsulated n‐hexanol molecules and the hydrophobic interior formed by propionate ligands present in a new synthesized capsule. Future detailed studies will focus on interactions of a variety of hydrophobic species with different deliberately constructed hydrophobic capsule interiors.
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with trifluoroacetaldehyde catalyzed by Cinchona alkaloids
Authors: Borkin Dmitry A. , Landge Shainaz M. , Török Béla 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe first direct asymmetric synthetic preparation of trifluoro‐1‐(indol‐3‐yl)ethanols (TFIEs) is described by an enantioselective organocatalytic method from indoles and inexpensive trifluoroacetaldehyde methyl hemiacetal. The reaction is catalyzed by hydroquinine to produce TFIEs in an almost quantitative yield and with enantioselectivities up to 75% at room temperature. The enantioselectivity is strongly dependent on the concentration of substrates and catalyst due to the competitive noncatalyzed reaction. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Partial Convergence in Action of Methylene Blue and Artemisinins: Antagonism with Chloroquine, a Reversal with Verapamil, and an Insight into the Antimalarial Activity of Chloroquine
Authors: Haynes Richard K. , Cheu Kwan‐Wing , Li Ka‐Yan , Tang Maggie Mei‐Ki , Wong Ho‐Ning , Chen Min‐Jiao , Guo Zu‐Feng , Guo Zhi‐Hong , Coghi Paolo , Monti Diego 
Published: July 2011

AbstractArtemisinins rapidly oxidize leucomethylene blue (LMB) to methylene blue (MB); they also oxidize dihydroflavins such as the reduced conjugates RFH2 of riboflavin (RF), and FADH2 of the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to the corresponding flavins. Like the artemisinins, MB oxidizes FADH2, but unlike artemisinins, it also oxidizes NAD(P)H. Like MB, artemisinins are implicated in the perturbation of redox balance in the malaria parasite by interfering with parasite flavoenzyme disulfide reductases. The oxidation of LMB by artemisinin is inhibited by chloroquine (CQ), an inhibition that is abruptly reversed by verapamil (VP). CQ also inhibits artemisinin‐mediated oxidation of RFH2 generated from N‐benzyl‐1,4‐dihydronicotinamide (BNAH)–RF, or FADH2 generated from NADPH or NADPH–Fre, an effect that is also modulated by verapamil. The inhibition likely proceeds by the association of LMB or dihydroflavin with CQ, possibly involving donor–acceptor or π complexes that hinder oxidation by artemisinin. VP competitively associates with CQ, liberating LMB or dihydroflavin from their respective CQ complexes. The observations explain the antagonism between CQ–MB and CQ–artemisinins in vitro, and are reconcilable with CQ perturbing intraparasitic redox homeostasis. They further suggest that a VP–CQ complex is a means by which VP reverses CQ resistance, wherein such a complex is not accessible to the putative CQ‐resistance transporter (PfCRT).
Current awareness of piperazines: pharmacology and toxicology
Authors: Elliott Simon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlthough many piperazine derivatives exist, only a limited number have been studied, whereby they have been found to be generally stimulant in nature resulting from dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and predominantly serotoninergic effects in the brain. Reported toxic effects include agitation, anxiety, cardiac symptoms (e.g. tachycardia) and sometimes seizures. As for many drugs, they are primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 with subsequent possible glucuronidation and/or sulfation. Their abuse has been relatively recently observed in the last decade with only a few identified in biological fluid (primarily 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP) and 1‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (3‐TFMPP)) despite publications of a number of analytical methods. Even when detected, however, the toxicological significance of their presence is often difficult to ascertain as many cases involve other drugs as well as a wide and overlapping range of concentrations found in blood (both in life and after death). This paper reviews the current pharmacological and toxicological information for piperazine derivatives and also includes new ante‐mortem and post‐mortem blood data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social, policy, and public health perspectives on new psychoactive substances
Authors: Sumnall H.R. , Evans‐Brown M. , McVeigh J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNew psychoactive substances pose a particular challenge to those formulating drugs policy and related public health responses. This paper outlines some of the main issues arising from their use, with a particular focus on user perspectives. Such substances are often (at least initially) produced and distributed for different reasons than controlled drugs. They emerge in users' repertoires undetected by most monitoring systems and general population drug surveys. While reasons for use by innovators and early adopters are often in the spirit of self‐experimentation, such substances may rapidly diffuse to the recreational arena as a result of enthusiastic user propagation where they act as substitutes or complements to controlled drugs. The majority of substances are believed to be sourced, albeit not exclusively, from manufacturers based in China. They are retailed to consumers through the Internet and physical shops (such as ‘head’ and ‘smart’ shops), as well as traditional ‘street dealers’ (although data on the significance of this latter route of supply are limited). The data required for risk assessment of the harms such substances may pose, as well as information required for accurate user‐derived harm reduction advice, are often limited. Moreover, some involved in the commercial supply have deliberately misbranded products, including substituting the active substance, in apparent attempts to circumvent regulatory frameworks. This leaves users susceptible to both health and criminal justice harms. Despite various attempts to restrict the supply, they often continue to be available through the illicit market, although it is not yet possible to predict whether they will join other drugs such as MDMA and LSD as mainstays of the recreational pharmacopeia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aminoindanes—the next wave of ‘legal highs’?
Authors: Sainsbury P.D. , Kicman A.T. , Archer R.P. , King L.A. , Braithwaite R.A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDue to its closed ring system, 2‐aminoindane is a conformationally rigid analogue of amphetamine. Internet websites offering synthetic compounds as ‘research chemicals’ have recently been advertising 5,6‐methylenedioxy‐2‐aminoindane (MDAI), 5, 6‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methyl‐2‐aminoindane (MDMAI), 5‐iodo‐2‐aminoindane (5‐IAI), and 5‐methoxy‐6‐methyl‐2‐aminoindane (MMAI). The chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicological aspects of this new class of psychoactive substances are reviewed, as these could become the next wave of ‘legal highs’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrostatic Interaction of Negatively Charged Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Antitumoral Cationic Platinum‐Based Complexes
Authors: Gál Miroslav , Híveš Ján , Laus Michele , Sparnacci Katia , Ravera Mauro , Gabano Elisabetta , Osella Domenico 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report herein on the interaction between two cationic antiproliferative platinum compounds [namely cis‐[PtCl(NH3)2(py)]Cl (1) and trans,trans‐[(NH3)2Pt{NH2(CH2)4NH2}PtCl(NH3)2](Cl)2 (2)] and novel poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell nanoparticles (MS) bearing anionic SO3– arms, studied to determine whether such particles might serve as drug carriers for Pt drugs. Electrostatic forces hold together the resulting adducts such that in the presence of higher concentrations of other cations the Pt drug should be released quickly and easily. As expected from their electric charges, we found that the formation constant of the MS‐2 adduct is significantly higher than that of MS‐1. Moreover, the stability of both adducts depends on the ionic strength and surface charge density of competing cations in the medium. The stability of the conjugates and the consequent retention and release of the drug from the nanoparticles will thus depend on both blood and extracellular fluid composition.
A Highly Versatile Catalytic System forN‐Arylation of Amines with Aryl Chlorides in Water
Authors: Huang Manna , Lin Xiaoqin , Zhu Xinhai , Peng Weili , Xie Jianwei , Wan Yiqian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe C–N coupling between nucleophiles and aryl chlorides, which are less expensive, less reactive, and more abundant than their bromide and iodide counterparts, is challenging but of great interest for industrial applications. An oxalyldihydrazide/hexane‐2,5‐dione (100–150 mol‐%)/CuO system was found to enable the reaction of a wide range of nucleophiles with a variety of aryl chlorides in water for the first time.
2‐Diphenylaminofluoren‐7‐ylstyrene Derivatives with Various Aromatic End‐Capping Groups for Highly Efficient Blue and White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Kum Hee , Son Chang Seok , Lee Jin Yong , Kang Sunwoo , Yook Kyoung Soo , Jeon Soon Ok , Lee Jun Yeob , Yoon Seung Soo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHighly efficient blue fluorescent materials with a 2‐diphenylaminofluoren‐7‐ylstyrene emitting unit and various aromatic end‐capping groups were synthesized and characterized. A 2‐methyl‐9,10‐bis(2‐naphthyl)anthracene host was doped with these blue materials as the blue dopants in the emitting layer of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. All devices exhibited highly efficient blue electroluminescence with high external quantum efficiency (4.38–6.2 % at 20 mA cm–2). In particular, two deep blue OLEDs using 7‐[3,5‐bis(naphthalen‐1‐yl)styryl]‐9,9‐diethyl‐2‐N,N‐diphenylamino‐9H‐fluorene (1f) and 7‐{4‐[1′‐(2′,3′,4′,5′‐tetraphenyl)phenyl]styryl}‐9,9‐diethyl‐2‐N,N‐diphenylamino‐9H‐fluorene (1g) as dopants in the emitting layer showed high external quantum efficiencies of 4.63 and 5.96 % at 20 mA cm–2 with the color coordinates (0.148, 0.134) and (0.147, 0.144), respectively. A sky‐blue OLED using7‐{4‐[9,9′‐spirobi(fluoren)‐2‐yl]styryl}‐9,9‐diethyl‐2‐N,N‐diphenylamino‐9H‐fluorene (1e) exhibited a high quantum efficiency of 6.20 % at 20 mA cm–2 with the color coordinates (0.148, 0.195). Moreover, efficient white OLEDs with an external quantum efficiency, luminous efficiency, and color coordinates of 6.50 %, 10.3 cd A–1 at 20 mA cm–2 and (0.357, 0.310) at 1000 cd m–2 were demonstrated by exploiting this highly efficient blue fluorescent material (1e) as a dopant in the blue‐emitting layer.
Use of Sagaun sawdust as an adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from simulated wastewater
Authors: Khattri S.D. , Singh M.K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRemoval of dye crystal violet from wastewater by a low‐cost abundantly available adsorbent was investigated. By varying the parameters such as agitation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature, potential feasibility for the removal of crystal violet by Sagaun sawdust was explored. The adsorption efficiencies were found to be pH dependent. A greater percentage of dye was removed with a decrease in the initial concentration of dye and increase in the amount of adsorbent. Characterization of the adsorbent by infrared spectroscopy was undertaken. Kinetic study showed that the adsorption of dye on sawdust was a gradual process. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of adsorbent for dye removal was measured which followed Langmuir isotherm. The dimensionless factor, RL
revealed that the adsorption process is favorable in nature. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Field observations of infragravity waves and their behaviour on rock shore platforms
Authors: Beetham Edward P. , Kench Paul S. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTInfragravity wave (IGW) transformation was quantified from field measurements on two shore platforms on New Zealand's east coast, making this the first study to describe the presence, characteristics and behaviour of IGWs on rock platform coasts. Data was collected using a cross‐shore array of pressure transducers during a 22 hour experiment on Oraka shore platform and a 36 hour experiment at Rothesay Bay shore platform. A low pass Fourier filter was used to remove gravity wave frequency oscillations, allowing separate analysis of IGWs and the full wave spectrum. Offshore IGW heights were measured to be 7 cm (Oraka) and 9 cm (Rothesay Bay), which were 21% (Oraka) and 7.5% (Rothesay Bay) the height of incident wave height. At the cliff toe, significant IGW height averaged 15 cm at Oraka and 13 cm at Rothesay Bay. This increase in IGW height over the platform during both experiments is attributed to shoaling of 40 to 55% over the last 50–60 m before the cliff toe, respectively. Shoaling across the platform was quantified as the change in IGW height from the platform edge to cliff toe, resulting in a maximum increase of 1·88 and 2·63 on Rothesay Bay and Oraka platforms. IGW height at the cliff toe showed a strong correlation with incident wave height. The proportional increase in IGW height shows a strong correlation to water level on each platform. The rate of shoaling of long period waves on the shallow, horizontal platforms increased at higher water levels resulting in a super elevation in water level at the cliff toe during high tide. Greater IGW shoaling was also observed on the wider (Oraka) shore platform. Results from this study show the first measurements of IGWs on shore platforms and identify long wave motion a significant process in a morphodynamic understanding of rock coast. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cahn–Hilliard modeling of particles suspended in two‐phase flows
Authors: Choi Young Joon , Anderson Patrick D. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a model for the dynamics of particles suspended in two‐phase flows by coupling the Cahn–Hilliard theory with the extended finite element method (XFEM). In the Cahn–Hilliard model the interface is considered to have a small but finite thickness, which circumvents explicit tracking of the interface. For the direct numerical simulation of particle‐suspended flows, we incorporate an XFEM, in which the particle domain is decoupled from the fluid domain. To cope with the movement of the particles, a temporary ALE scheme is used for the mapping of field variables at the previous time levels onto the computational mesh at the current time level. By combining the Cahn–Hilliard model with the XFEM, the particle motion at an interface can be simulated on a fixed Eulerian mesh without any need of re‐meshing. The model is general, but to demonstrate and validate the technique, here the dynamics of a single particle at a fluid–fluid interface is studied. First, we apply a small disturbance on a particle resting at an interface between two fluids, and investigate the particle movement towards its equilibrium position. In particular, we are interested in the effect of interfacial thickness, surface tension, particle size and viscosity ratio of two fluids on the particle movement towards its equilibrium position. Finally, we show the movement of a particle passing through multiple layers of fluids. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of negatively buoyant jets in an immiscible fluid using the Particle Finite Element Method
Authors: Mier‐Torrecilla M. , Geyer A. , Phillips J. C. , Idelsohn S. R. , Oñate E. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYNegatively buoyant jets consist in a dense fluid injected vertically upward into a lighter ambient fluid. The numerical simulation of this kind of buoyancy‐driven flows is challenging as it involves multiple fluids with different physical properties. In the case of immiscible fluids, it requires, in addition, to track the motion of the interface between fluids and accurately represent the discontinuities of the flow variables.In this paper, we investigate numerically the injection of a negatively buoyant jet into a homogenous immiscible ambient fluid using the Particle Finite Element Method and compare the two‐dimensional numerical results with experiments on the injection of a jet of dyed water through a nozzle in the base of a cylindrical tank containing rapeseed oil. In both simulations and experiments, the fountain inlet flow velocity and nozzle diameter have been varied to cover a wide range of Froude Fr and Reynolds Re numbers ( 0.1 < Fr < 30, 8 < Re < 1350), reproducing both weak and strong laminar fountains.The flow behaviors observed for the different numerical simulations fit in the regime map based on the Re and Fr values of the experiments, and the maximum fountain height is in good agreement with the experimental observations, suggesting that particle finite element method is a useful tool for the study of immiscible two‐fluid systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution genomic analysis of the 11q13 amplicon in breast cancers identifies synergy with 8p12 amplification, involving the mTOR targets S6K2 and 4EBP1
Authors: Karlsson Elin , Waltersson Marie Ahnström , Bostner Josefine , Pérez‐Tenorio Gizeh , Olsson Birgit , Hallbeck Anna‐Lotta , Stål Olle 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe chromosomal region 11q13 is amplified in 15–20% of breast cancers; an event not only associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression but also implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy. Coamplifications of the 11q13 and 8p12 regions are common, suggesting synergy between the amplicons. The aim was to identify candidate oncogenes in the 11q13 region based on recurrent amplification patterns and correlations to mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, the 11q13/8p12 coamplification and its prognostic value, was evaluated at the DNA and the mRNA levels. Affymetrix 250K NspI arrays were used for whole‐genome screening of DNA copy number changes in 29 breast tumors. To identify amplicon cores at 11q13 and 8p12, genomic identification of significant targets in cancer (GISTIC) was applied. The mRNA expression levels of candidate oncogenes in the amplicons [RAD9A, RPS6KB2 (S6K2), CCND1, FGF19, FGF4, FGF3, PAK1, GAB2 (11q13); EIF4EBP1 (4EBP1), PPAPDC1B, and FGFR1 (8p12)] were evaluated using real‐time PCR. Resulting data revealed three main amplification cores at 11q13. ER expression was associated with the central 11q13 amplification core, encompassing CCND1, whereas 8p12 amplification/gene expression correlated to S6K2 in a proximal 11q13 core. Amplification of 8p12 and high expression of 4EBP1 or FGFR1 was associated with a poor outcome in the group. In conclusion, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays have enabled mapping of the 11q13 amplicon in breast tumors with high resolution. A proximal 11q13 core including S6K2 was identified as involved in the coamplification/coexpression with 8p12, suggesting synergy between the mTOR targets S6K2 and 4EBP1 in breast cancer development and progression. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.