bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal glucose tolerance is associated with diminished postload change in leptin levels in women
Authors: Madarász Eszter , Tabák Ádám Gy. , Speer Gábor , Lakatos Péter , Kerényi Zsuzsa , Tamás Gyula 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundIt is generally accepted that the metabolic effects of leptin are diminished in the obese due to leptin resistance. Hormone resistance may develop if diurnal (including meal‐related) changes in hormone levels are disrupted. We sought to describe leptin changes after a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in women with a prior diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (a high risk group for the metabolic syndrome) compared to that in healthy controls.MethodsIn 2000 a retrospective cohort study was performed on women who had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (WHO criteria 1985, n = 57) between 1996 and 1998 and on a healthy control female group (n = 36) all of whom had had a prior pregnancy without any diagnosis of diabetes. All the women underwent a standard 75g OGTT. Serum leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay before and 90 min after the OGTT.ResultsUsing multilevel models of change, fasting leptin levels were shown to be associated with body mass index; 10.1% (95% CI 8.1–12.1%) increase per 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index), homeostasis model assessment insulin sensitivity; 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.7%) decrease per 1% increase in insulin sensitivity); abnormal glucose tolerance (24% decrease, 95% CI 8–37%); and smoking (31% decrease, 95% CI 16–44%). Postload (90 min) leptin levels decreased significantly in women with normal glucose tolerance by 13% (95% CI 8–18%), while no significant change in postload leptin level was apparent in women with abnormal glucose tolerance (3% increase, 95% CI −4% to 29%).ConclusionsDisturbed leptin changes were found following an OGTT in women with abnormal glucose tolerance that might be either a cause or a consequence of leptin resistance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted deletion of Dicer disrupts lens morphogenesis, corneal epithelium stratification, and whole eye development
Authors: Li Yan , Piatigorsky Joram 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDicer, a ribonuclease essential for miRNA processing, is expressed abundantly in developing mouse cornea and lens. We studied the roles of Dicer and miRNAs in eye development by conditionally deleting the Dicer gene in the mouse lens and corneal epithelium. Adult Dicer conditional null (DicerCN) mice had severe microphthalmia with no discernible lens and a poorly stratified corneal epithelium. Targeted deletion of Dicer effectively inhibited miRNA processing in the developing lens at 12.5 day of embryogenesis (E12.5). Lens development initiated normally but underwent progressive dystrophy between E14.5 and E18.5. Microarray analysis revealed activation of P53 signaling in DicerCN lenses at E13.5, consistent with increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation between E12.5 and E14.5. Expression of Pax6 and other lens developmental transcription factors were not greatly affected between E12.5 and E14.5 but decreased as the lens degenerated. Our data indicated an indispensible role for Dicer and miRNAs in lens and corneal development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2388–2400, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acheate‐scute like 1 (Ascl1) is required for normal delta‐like (Dll) gene expression and notch signaling during retinal development
Authors: Nelson Branden R. , Hartman Byron H. , Ray Catherine A. , Hayashi Toshinori , Bermingham‐McDonough Olivia , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRetinascape: Multiphoton microscopy was used to look deep into the retina, at the dawn of neurogenesis in the embryonic mouse eye: mitotic progenitors (anti‐phosphohistone H3, green) and newborn neurons (beta‐III tubulin Tuj1, red). View is of new neurons originating in the central neurogenic domain of the embryonic day 12 (E12) retina surrounded by mitotic progenitors, viewed from within an older E14.5 retina. New data from Nelson and colleagues (pages 2163–2178, this issue) reveals that in addition to Notch and Ascl1, mammalian retinal progenitors also express multiple Delta‐like genes, and that a conserved Ascl1/Delta‐like/Notch/Hes molecular circuitry operates between progenitors themselves to coordincate retinal histogenesis. From Nelson et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:2163–2178, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soluble TNF‐α but not transmembrane TNF‐α sensitizes T cells for enhanced activation‐induced cell death
Authors: Müller Stefan , Rihs Silvia , Dayer Schneider Johanna M. , Paredes Bruno E. , Seibold Ingeborg , Brunner Thomas , Mueller Christoph 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn addition to its proinflammatory effects, TNF‐α exhibits immunosuppression. Here, we compared the capacities of transmembrane TNF‐α (tmTNF) and soluble TNF‐α (sTNF) in regulating expansion of activated T cells by apoptosis. Splenic CD4+ T cells from wtTNF, TNF‐α‐deficient (TNF−/−) and TNF−/− mice expressing a non‐cleavable mutant tmTNF showed comparable proliferation rates upon TCR‐mediated stimulation. Activation‐induced cell death (AICD), however, was significantly attenuated in tmTNF and TNF−/−, compared with wtTNF CD4+ T cells. Addition of sTNF during initial priming was sufficient to enhance susceptibility to AICD in tmTNF and TNF−/− CD4+ T cells to levels seen in wtTNF CD4+ T cells, whereas addition of sTNF only during restimulation failed to enhance AICD. sTNF‐induced, enhanced susceptibility to AICD was dependent on both TNF receptors. The reduced susceptibility of tmTNF CD4+ T cells for AICD was also evident in an in vivo model of adoptively transferred CD4+ T‐cell‐mediated colonic inflammation. Hence, the presence of sTNF during T‐cell priming may represent an important mechanism to sensitize activated T cells for apoptosis, thereby attenuating the extent and duration of T‐cell reactivities and subsequent T‐cell‐mediated, excessive inflammation.
Shifting therapeutic attention in MS to osteopontin, type 1 and type 2 IFN
Authors: Steinman Lawrence 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIt is widely debated whether MS is mediated solely by Th1, or solely by Th17, whether it might be mediated by both pathways, or perhaps by neither pathway. We must integrate the following four facts: first, MS lesions have a signature of IL‐6‐, IL‐17‐, osteopontin‐ and IFN‐driven transcriptional activity. Second, MS is worsened with administration of IFN‐γ, the quintessential type 2 IFN and Th1 cytokine. Third, blockade of TNF‐α worsened MS in clinical trials. Fourth, inhibiting the main driver of Th17, IL‐23, failed to modulate relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS). Against this backdrop, standing outside the framework of the Th1 and Th17 pathways are the type 1 IFN, notably IFN‐β, the most widely used approved therapy for RRMS. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that IFN‐β suppresses production in CD4+ T cells of both osteopontin and IL‐17. In this commentary, the roles of these two molecules, i.e. osteopontin and IL‐17, are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of MS. Osteopontin may be more important than Th1 or Th17 in the pathogenesis of RRMS. Trials targeting this small integrin‐binding protein ought to be pursued in RRMS.
Synthesis of Furanosyl C‐1 Glycals through Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of a Furanosyl 2,3‐Anhydro‐exo‐glycal
Authors: Gómez Ana M. , Pedregosa Ana , Barrio Aitor , Valverde Serafín , López J. Cristóbal 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA furanose‐derived 2,3‐anhydro‐exo‐glycal, readily available from D‐mannose in four steps, has proven to be a useful substrate in the preparation of a variety of highly functionalized C‐1 glycals. Upon treatment with Pd0 it affords a π‐allyl palladium complex that can react with nucleophiles such as amines, ethyl malonate, or vinylstannanes. On the other hand, umpolung of the π‐allyl palladium complex with Et2Zn facilitates its reaction with electrophilic aldehydes and ketones.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave‐Assisted 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition: an Eco‐Friendly Approach to Five‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Pineiro Marta , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe review describes the use of microwave technology to carry out 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions, an important tool for the construction of five‐membered heterocycles. Microwave methodology can be applied to generate 1,3‐dipoles (nitrones, nitrile oxides, azomethine ylides, azomethineimines, nitrile imines, azides, carbonyl ylides) and to promote the subsequent cycloaddition and usually avoids harsh reaction conditions. This nonconventional energy source is able to reduce chemical reaction times and to increase yields and in some cases can lead to different outcomes from those obtained with conventional heating. The review highlights the more recent developments in the area with particular emphasis on aspects related to efficiency and to regio‐ and stereoselectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
NACE‐ESI‐TOF MS to reveal phenolic compounds from olive oil: Introducing enriched olive oil directly inside capillary
Authors: Gómez‐Caravaca Ana María , Carrasco‐Pancorbo Alegría , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMost CE methods for the analysis of phenols from olive oil use an aqueous electrolyte separation medium, although the importance of NACE is obvious, as this kind of CE seems to be more compatible with the hydrophobic olive oil matrix and could facilitate its direct injection. In the current work we develop a method involving SPE and NACE coupled to ESI‐TOF MS. All the CE and ESI‐TOF MS parameters were optimized in order to maximize the number of phenolic compounds detected and the sensitivity in their determination. Electrophoretic separation was carried out using a CE buffer system consisting of 25 mM NH4OAc/AcH in methanol/ACN (1/1 v/v) at an apparent pH value of 5.0. We studied in depth the effect of the nature and concentration of different electrolytes dissolved in different organic solvents and other experimental and instrumental CE variables. The results were compared with those obtained by CZE (with aqueous buffers) coupled to ESI‐TOF MS; both methods offered to the analyst the chance to study phenolic compounds of different families (such as phenolic alcohols, lignans, complex phenols, flavonoids, etc.) from virgin olive oil by injecting methanolic extracts with efficient and fast CE separations. In the case of NACE method, we also studied the direct injection of the investigated matrix introducing a plug of olive oil directly into the capillary.
CE separation approaches for combinations of anthracyclines and taxanes
Authors: Shakalisava Yuliya , Regan Fiona 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFor the first time the versatility of CE is demonstrated for the separation of different types of anticancer drugs – anthracyclines and taxanes simultaneously. The use of these drugs in combination therapy for cancer has sparked interest in the development of methods for potential application. The simultaneous analysis of anthracyclines and taxanes can significantly increase a sample throughput of a clinical laboratory. The study shows the potential of CE for such a challenge: anthracyclines and taxanes were separated by CZE, MEKC and MEEKC. The MEEKC method was successfully applied to these compounds for the first time and was characterised by very short separation time, high efficiencies of peaks and was proven to be generic for the separation of different combinations of anthracyclines and taxanes. This separation approach could be highly beneficial for clinical analysis if applied with a sensitive detection system. MEKC and high‐speed MEEKC methods were proven to show good potential in their application to plasma samples.
Quality control in fast pyrolysis bio‐oil production and use
Authors: Oasmaa A. , Elliott D.C. , Müller S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntroducing a new fuel, fast pyrolysis bio‐oil, into the market is not without its challenges. Fast pyrolysis bio‐oil is different from conventional liquid fuels, and therefore must overcome both technical and marketing hurdles. To standardize the bio‐oil quality on the market, specifications are needed and in order to promote its acceptance as a fuel, the methodology should be as similar to that for mineral oils as possible. In the EU a new chemical regulation system is being implemented. The regulation applies to substances manufactured in or imported to the EU in annual quantities of one tonne or more per company.This article will focus on norms and standards for fast pyrolysis bio‐oils. It will include the present status and address what still has to be done on bio‐oil specifications and relevant test methods. The article will address industrial needs in commercialization of the fuel oil use of bio‐oil, including the registration application to the REACH program, as well as development of a standard within ASTM. The article will discuss the most important properties of bio‐oil and the variation in these properties. It will address the issue of quality follow‐up in bio‐oil production, including the properties to be followed and the laboratory and on‐line monitoring methods. The article will provide a state of the art of fuel oil specifications, test methods, and testing procedures as they are applied to bio‐oil. It will review the effort in support of the implementation of an ASTM standard including the methods validation work. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
A multi‐energy‐level lattice Boltzmann model for two‐dimensional wave equation
Authors: Shi Xiubo , Yan Guangwu , Zhang Jianying 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA lattice Boltzmann model for two‐dimensional wave equation is presented. In this model, we used higher‐order moment method, multi‐scale technique and Chapman–Enskog expansion, and multi‐energy‐level to obtain wave equation and energy conservation equation. As numerical examples, the interference and diffraction of wave are simulated. The numerical results show this model can be used to simulate two‐dimensional wave propagation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RAS signaling dysregulation in human embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Martinelli Simone , McDowell Heather P. , Vigne Silvia Delle , Kokai George , Uccini Stefania , Tartaglia Marco , Dominici Carlo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common childhood solid tumor, resulting from dysregulation of the skeletal myogenesis program. Two major histological subtypes occur in childhood RMS, embryonal and alveolar. While chromosomal rearrangements account for the majority of alveolar tumors, the genetic defects underlying the pathogenesis of embryonal RMS remain largely undetermined. A few studies performed on small series of embryonal tumors suggest that dysregulation of RAS function may be relevant to disease pathogenesis. To explore further the biological and clinical relevance of mutations with perturbing consequences on RAS signaling in embryonal RMS, we investigated the prevalence of PTPN11, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2 mutations in a relatively large cohort of primary tumors. While HRAS and KRAS were found to be rarely mutated, we identified somatic NRAS lesions in 20% of cases. All mutations were missense and affected codon 61, with the introduction of a positive charged amino acid residue representing the most common event. PTPN11 was found mutated in one tumor specimen, confirming that somatic defects in this gene are relatively uncommon in RMS, while no mutation was observed in BRAF and MEK genes. Although no clear association of mutations with any clinical variable was observed, comparison of the outcome between mutation‐positive and mutation‐negative cases indicated a trend for a higher percentage of patients exhibiting a better outcome in the former. Our findings provide evidence that dysregulation of RAS signaling is a major event contributing to embryonal RMS pathogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protocadherin PCDH10, involved in tumor progression, is a frequent and early target of promoter hypermethylation in cervical cancer
Authors: Narayan Gopeshwar , Scotto Luigi , Neelakantan Vijayalakshmi , Kottoor Sherine H. , Wong Ada Ho Yan , Loke Shee‐Loong , Mansukhani Mahesh , Pothuri Bhavana , Wright Jason D. , Kaufmann Andreas M. , Schneider Achim , Arias‐Pulido Hugo , Tao Qian , Murty Vundavalli V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in women. Currently, no tractable molecular‐based therapeutic targets exist for patients with invasive CC and no predictive markers of risk assessment for progression of precancerous lesions are identified. New molecular insights into CC pathogenesis are urgently needed. Towards this goal, we first determined the copy number alterations of chromosome 4 and then examined the role of PCDH10 mapped to 4q28 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. We identified monosomy 4 in 47% of 81 invasive CC studied by SNP array and found that 91% of 130 invasive CC harboring methylation in the promoter region of the PCDH10 gene. We then showed that aberrant promoter hypermethylation of PCDH10 is associated with downregulation of gene expression and cell lines exposed to demethylating agent resulted in profound reactivated gene expression. We also showed that the promoter methylation in the PCDH10 gene occurs at an earliest identifiable stage of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Our studies demonstrate that inactivation of PCDH10 may be a critical event in CC progression and form a potentially useful therapeutic target for CC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐acetylcysteine improves renal hemodynamics in rats with cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Abdelrahman Aly M. , Al Salam Suhail , AlMahruqi Ahmed S , Al husseni Ishaq S. , Mansour Mohamed A , Ali Badreldin H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work investigated the effect of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), on renal hemodynamics in cisplatin (CP)‐induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 5 or 6). The first and second groups received normal saline (control) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) N‐acetylcysteine (500 mg kg−1 per day for 9 days), respectively. The third and fourth groups were given a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of CP (5 mg kg−1) and an i.p. injection of CP (5 mg kg−1) together with i.p. NAC (500 mg kg−1 per day for 9 days), respectively. At the end of the experiment, rats were anesthetized and blood pressure and renal blood flow were monitored, followed by intravenous (i.v.) injection of norepinephrine (NE) for measurement of renal vasoconstrictor responses. CP caused a significant reduction in renal blood flow but did not affect NE‐induced renal vasoconstriction. In addition, CP significantly increased plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine and urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) activity and kidney relative weight. CP decreased body weight and creatinine clearance. Histopathologically, CP caused remarkable renal damage compared with control. NAC alone did not produce any significant change in any of the variables measured. However, NAC significantly ameliorated CP‐induced hemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological changes. The concentration of platinum in the kidneys of CP ? NAC treated rats was less than in CP‐treated rats by 37%. The results show that administration of i.p. NAC (500 mg kg−1 per day for 9 days) reversed the renal hemodynamic changes as well as the biochemical and histopathological indices of CP‐induced nephrotoxicity in WKY rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorylation of Phospholipase C‐δ1 Regulates its Enzymatic Activity
Authors: Fujii Makoto , Yi Kye Sook , Kim Myung Jong , Ha Sang Hoon , Ryu Sung Ho , Suh Pann‐Ghill , Yagisawa Hitoshi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPhosphorylation of phospholipase C‐δ1 (PLC‐δ1) in vitro and in vivo was investigated. Of the serine/threonine kinases tested, protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylated the serine residue(s) of bacterially expressed PLC‐δ1 most potently. It was also demonstrated that PLC‐δ1 directly bound PKC‐α via its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Using deletion mutants of PLC‐δ1 and synthetic peptides, Ser35 in the PH domain was defined as the PKC mediated in vitro phosphorylation site of PLC‐δ1. In vitro phosphorylation of PLC‐δ1 by PKC stimulated [3H]PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolyzing activity and [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3‐binding of the PLC‐δ1. On the other hand, endogenous PLC‐δ1 was constitutively phosphorylated and phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that major phosphorylation sites were threonine residues in quiescent cells. The phosphorylation level and the species of phosphoamino acid were not changed by various stimuli such as PMA, EGF, NGF, and forskolin. Using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, we determined that Thr209 of PLC‐δ1 is one of the constitutively phosphorylated sites in quiescent cells. The PLC activity was potentiated when constitutively phosphorylated PLC‐δ1 was dephosphorylated by endogenous phosphatase(s) in vitro. Additionally, coexpression with PKC‐α reduced serine phosphorylation of PLC‐δ1 detected by an anti‐phosphoserine antibody and PLC‐δ1‐dependent basal production of inositol phosphates in NIH‐3T3 cells, suggesting PKC‐α activates phosphatase or inactivates another kinase involved in PLC‐δ1 serine phosphorylation to modulate the PLC‐δ1 activity in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that PLC‐δ1 has multiple phosphorylation sites and phosphorylation status of PLC‐δ1 regulates its activity positively or negatively depends on the phosphorylation sites. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 638–650, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mindfulness and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Smalley Susan L. , Loo Sandra K. , Hale T. Sigi , Shrestha Anshu , McGough James , Flook Lisa , Reise Steven 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by attentional difficulties. Mindfulness is a receptive attention to present experience. Both ADHD and mindfulness are associated with attention and personality. This study tests whether individuals with ADHD have lower mindfulness scores than controls and, if true, whether personality contributes to these differences. One hundred and five adults (half with ADHD) were assessed for mindfulness, using the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, and personality, using the Tridimensional Character Inventory. Individuals with ADHD report themselves as less mindful than non‐ADHD controls and more novelty‐seeking, less self‐directed, and more self‐transcendent. Mindfulness is negatively associated with ADHD and positively associated with self‐directedness and self‐transcendence. Analyses of subscales of mindfulness suggest that ADHD is associated most with the “Acting in Awareness” dimension, perhaps because of shared items reflecting attentional variability. The current findings support that a large portion of variability in trait mindfulness can be explained by ADHD status and personality traits of self‐directedness and self‐transcendence. It further suggests that interventions that increase mindfulness might improve symptoms of ADHD and increase self‐directedness and/or self‐transcendence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–12, 2009.