bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misperception of body verticality in neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Obrero‐Gaitán Esteban , Fuentes‐Núñez David , Moral‐García María Del , López‐Ruiz María del Carmen , Rodríguez‐Almagro Daniel , Lomas‐Vega Rafael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe internal representation of verticality could be disturbed when a lesion in the central nervous system (CNS) affects the centers where information from the vestibular, visual, and/or somatosensory systems, increasing the risk of falling.ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the vestibular and somatosensory contribution to the verticality pattern in patients with stroke and other neurological disorders.MethodsA literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Cross‐sectional, case–control, and cohort studies comparing body verticality in patients with stroke or CNS diseases (CNSD) versus healthy controls were selected. Subjective postural vertical (SPV) in roll and pitch planes was used as the primary variable.ResultsTen studies reporting data from 390 subjects were included. The overall effect for CNSD patients showed a misperception of body verticality in roll (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] .84–1.25) and pitch planes (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI .51–1.55). In subgroup analyses, a high effect was observed in the perception of SPV both in roll and pitch planes in stroke (p = .002) and other CNSD (p < .001).ConclusionThese findings suggest a potential misperception of SPV in patients with stroke and other neurological disturbances. Patients with CNSD could present an alteration of vestibular and somatosensory contribution to verticality construction, particularly stroke patients with pusher syndrome (PS), followed by those with PS combined with hemineglect.
Clinical predictors of Alzheimer's disease‐like brain atrophy in individuals with memory complaints
Authors: Karakasli Ahmet Alp , Ozkan Esra , Karacam Dogan Melike , Cap Duygu , Karaosmanoglu Ayca , Karahan Sevilay , Zorlu Nabi , Saka Esen , Ayhan Yavuz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe definition and assessment methods for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) vary among studies. We aimed to investigate which features or assessment methods of SCD best predict Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related structural atrophy patterns.MethodsWe assessed 104 individuals aged 55+ with memory complaints but normal cognitive screening. Our research questions were as follows: To improve the prediction of AD related morphological changes, (1) Would the use of a standardized cognitive screening scale be beneficial? (2) Is conducting a thorough neuropsychological evaluation necessary instead of relying solely on cognitive screening tests? (3) Should we apply SCD‐plus research criteria, and if so, which criterion would be the most effective? (4) Is it necessary to consider medical and psychiatric comorbidities, vitamin deficiencies, vascular burden on MRI, and family history? We utilized Freesurfer to analyze cortical thickness and regional brain volume meta‐scores linked to AD or predicting its development. We employed multiple linear regression models for each variable, with morphology as the dependent variable.ResultsAD‐like morphology was associated with subjective complaints in males, individuals with advanced age, and higher education. Later age of onset for complaints, complaints specifically related to memory, excessive deep white matter vascular lesions, and using medications that have negative implications for cognitive health (according to the Beers criteria) were predictive of AD‐related morphology. The subjective cognitive memory questionnaire scores were found to be a better predictor of reduced volumes than a single‐question assessment. It is important to note that not all SCD‐plus criteria were evaluated in this study, particularly the APOE genotype, amyloid, and tau status, due to resource limitations.ConclusionsThe detection of AD‐related structural changes is impacted by demographics and assessment methods. Standardizing SCD assessment methods can enhance predictive accuracy.
A comprehensive assessment of the cholinergic‐supporting and cognitive‐enhancing effects of Rosa damascena Mill. (Damask rose) essential oil on scopolamine‐induced amnestic rats
Authors: Teralı Kerem , Ozbeyli Dilek , Yiğit‐Hanoğlu Duygu , Başer Kemal Hüsnü Can , Şener Göksel , Aykac Asli 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual loss of cognitive abilities (dementia) and is a major public health problem. Here, we aimed at investigating the effects of Rosa damascena essential oil (RDEO) on learning and memory functions in a rat model of amnesia induced by scopolamine, as well as on changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) expression, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the extracted brain tissues.MethodsThe control, amnesia (scopolamine, 1 mg/kg/i.p.) and treatment (RDEO, 100 μL/kg/p.o. or galantamine, 1.5 mg/kg/i.p.) groups were subjected to Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. AChE activity was assayed by ELISA, and M1 mAChR and BDNF concentration changes were determined by western blotting. Also, using computational tools, human M1 mAChR was modeled in an active conformation, and the major components of RDEO were docked onto this receptor.ResultsAccording to our behavioral tests, RDEO was able to mitigate the learning and memory impairments caused by scopolamine in vivo. Our in vitro assays showed that the observed positive effects correlated well with a decrease in AChE activity and an increase in M1 mAChR and BDNF levels in amnestic rat brains. We also demonstrated in an in silico setting that the major components of RDEO, specifically ‐citronellol, geraniol, and nerol, could be accommodated favorably within the allosteric binding pocket of active‐state human M1 mAChR and anchored here chiefly by hydrogen‐bonding and alkyl–π interactions.ConclusionOur findings offer a solid experimental foundation for future RDEO‐based medicinal product development for patients suffering from AD.
Mitochondrial antioxidant elamipretide improves learning and memory impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation in mice
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Ming , Wang Ya‐Tao , Wei Ru‐Meng , Li Xue‐Yan , Luo Bao‐Ling , Zhang Jing‐Ya , Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Fang Shi‐Kun , Liu Xue‐Chun , Chen Gui‐Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe inflammation and synaptic dysfunction induced by mitochondrial dysfunction play essential roles in the learning and memory impairment associated with sleep dysfunction. Elamipretide (SS‐31), a novel mitochondrion‐targeted antioxidant, was proven to improve mitochondrial dysfunction, the inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment in models of cerebral ischemia, sepsis, and type 2 diabetes. However, the potential for SS‐31 to improve the cognitive impairment induced by chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and its underlying mechanisms is unknown.MethodsAdult c57BL/6J mice were subjected to CSD for 21 days using an activity wheel accompanied by daily intraperitoneal injection of SS‐31 (5 mg/kg). The novel object recognition and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function. Western blotting and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine the effects of CSD and SS‐31 on markers of mitochondria, inflammation response, and synaptic function. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to examine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines.ResultsSS‐31 could improve the cognitive impairment induced by CSD. In particular, SS‐31 treatment restored the CSD‐induced decrease in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator alpha levels and the increase in levels nuclear factor kappa‐B and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha. Furthermore, SS‐31 significantly increased the levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, postsynaptic density protein‐95, and synaptophysin in CSD mice.ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that SS‐31 could improve CSD‐induced mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction, inflammatory response, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment by increasing SIRT1 expression levels.
Chemical Variability of the Berry Essential Oil of Two Subspecies of Juniperus Oxycedrus L. from Northwestern Algeria
Authors: Boussaïd Maghnia , Bekhechi Chahrazed , Bouayed Abdellatif , Hassani Faiçal , Casanova Joseph , Paoli Mathieu , Tomi Félix 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe chemical composition of 33 oil samples isolated from the berries of individual trees of two subspecies of Juniperus oxycedrus L., collected in four locations in Tlemcen and Aïn Temouchent provinces, was investigated by GC‐FID, GC/MS and 13CNMR. In total, 83 compounds were identified, accounting for 85.9 % to 98.6 % of the total composition. Yields ranged between 0.02 and 0.40 % (w/w). All compositions were submitted to statistical analysis. Combination of hierarchical clustering dendrogram and principal component analysis suggested the existence of two groups, the second group being sub‐divided into two sub‐groups. Groups and sub‐groups were distinguished with respect to their contents of α‐pinene, germacrene D, myrcene and, to a lesser extent, of manoyl oxide. The chemical composition of the oils belonging to subsp. oxycedrus was largely dominated by monoterpenes. α‐Pinene (23.7–63.2 %) and germacrene D (4.5–25.4 %) were the major components, followed by myrcene (3.1–16.7 %). Conversely, samples oils of subsp. macrocarpa were largely dominated by germacrene D (4.4–30.0 %), followed by a lower content of α‐pinene (10.0–24.3 %) and myrcene (1.0–4.3 %) and a significant content of manoyl oxide (4.3–9.9 %).
Incomplete homonymous hemianopsia progressing to junctional scotoma due to a large internal carotid artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Takagi Yuki , Hozumi Kenta , Yokoyama Sho , Yokoyama Yoshimi , Kaga Tatusi 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageVisual field disorders caused by cerebral aneurysms are diverse, nonspecific, and vary in their degree of compression. They should be distinguished from those caused by other common diseases, such as glaucoma.
Generation and Applications of a Broad Atomic Oxygen Beam with a High Flux‐Density via Collision‐Induced Dissociation of O2
Authors: Han Zhiqiang , Song Liying , Shum Po‐Wan , Lau Woon‐Ming 
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive SummaryWe detail the generation of a pulsed atomic oxygen (AO) broad beam with a high flux‐density via collision‐induced dissociation of O2 to support practical industrial exploitation of AOs, particularly for facilitating 2‐dimenstional oxidation/etching at a fast rate of one‐monolayer per second in an area ≥ 1000 cm2. This innovation fuses the following interdisciplinary concepts: (a) a high density of O+ can be produced in an electron‐cyclotron‐resonance (ECR) O2 plasma; (b) O+ can be extracted and accelerated with an aperture‐electrode in the plasma; (c) O+ with adequate kinetic energy can initiate a cascade of gas‐phase collisions in the presence of O2; (d) collision‐induced dissociation of O2 yields AOs with adequate kinetic energy which can cause additional collision‐induced dissociation of O2. Computational simulations of such collisions, with both ab initio molecular dynamics and direct simulation Monte Carlo methods, are used to guide the experimental generation of the proposed AO‐beam. We experimentally demonstrate the highest known AO mean flux‐density of about 1.5 × 1016 atoms·cm–2·s–1 in a broad‐beam, and use it to oxidatively modify a self‐assembled molecular layer of siloxane on a silicon wafer. In addition, we also demonstrate the growth of Al2O3 through an AO‐assisted atomic layer deposition process at room temperature.
Community detection by influential nodes based on random walk distance
Authors: Mokhtari Marjan , Kherad Mahdi 
Published: May 2024

SummaryCommunity detection is a key feature that can be used to extract useful information from networks. In most studies, the same static algorithms are used on real‐time snapshots of the dynamic network. Such an action increases the calculations and the time taken for the clustering operation. The idea of community detection is based on the fact that communities are formed around a node that is more popular and influential. Therefore, in the proposed algorithm, first, several snapshots are received from the network, then for the first snapshot, the influence of each node is calculated using the influence function based on the random walk distance between nodes. Then by selecting k nodes with higher influence, network communities are formed and other nodes belong to the community with the most common edges. In the next step, the next snapshots will be received and then the communities will be updated. Then K nodes with higher influence are selected and their community is created if needed. The proposed method has been compared with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, and the results show that proposed method has been able to have a suitable performance in the uniformity of communities and also the speed of community formation.
Hydrothiolation of Triisopropylsilyl Acetylene Sulfur Pentafluoride – Charting the Chemical Space of β‐SF5 Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Kucher Hannes , Wenzel Jonas O. , Rombach David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, we suggested liquid and high‐boiling TIPS‐CC‐SF5 (TASP) as a versatile reagent to access so far elusive SF5‐containing building blocks by less specialized laboratories under bench‐top conditions. The synthesis of non‐aromatic SF5 building blocks generally requires on‐site fluorination or pentafluorosulfanylation steps employing toxic and/or gaseous reagents. Herein, we underline the versatility of this reagent by reporting a benign bench‐top protocol for the synthesis of Z‐configured β‐pentafluorosulfanylated vinyl sulfides in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) with exclusive (Z)‐diasteroselectivity and broad functional group tolerance. This method exploits an in‐situ protodesilylation‐hydrothiolation sequence. This so far uncharted class of compounds was characterized by means of NMR‐spectroscopy as well as SC‐XRD. Furthermore, we suggest the reaction to proceed via a kinetically controlled closed‐shell reaction pathway, corroborated by in‐silico experiments.
WNT5B drives osteosarcoma stemness, chemoresistance and metastasis
Authors: Perkins Rachel S. , Murray Glenn , Suthon Sarocha , Davis Lindsey , Perkins Nicholson B. , Fletcher Lily , Bozzi Amanda , Schreiber Saylor L. , Lin Jianjian , Laxton Steven , Pillai Rahul R. , Wright Alec J. , Miranda‐Carboni Gustavo A. , Krum Susan A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for osteosarcoma, a paediatric bone cancer with no therapeutic advances in over three decades, is limited by a lack of targeted therapies. Osteosarcoma frequently metastasises to the lungs, and only 20% of patients survive 5 years after the diagnosis of metastatic disease. We found that WNT5B is the most abundant WNT expressed in osteosarcoma tumours and its expression correlates with metastasis, histologic subtype and reduced survival.MethodsUsing tumor‐spheroids to model cancer stem‐like cells, we performed qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence to monitor changes in gene and protein expression. Additionally, we measured sphere size, migration and forming efficiency to monitor phenotypic changes. Therefore, we characterised WNT5B's relevance to cancer stem‐like cells, metastasis, and chemoresistance and evaluated its potential as a therapeutic target.ResultsIn osteosarcoma cell lines and patient‐derived spheres, WNT5B is enriched in stem cells and induces the expression of the stemness gene SOX2. WNT5B promotes sphere size, sphere‐forming efficiency, and cell proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance to methotrexate (but not cisplatin or doxorubicin) in spheres formed from conventional cell lines and patient‐derived xenografts. In vivo, WNT5B increased osteosarcoma lung and liver metastasis and inhibited the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid via upregulation of hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1), leading to changes in the tumour microenvironment. Further, we identified that WNT5B mRNA and protein correlate with the receptor ROR1 in primary tumours. Targeting WNT5B through inhibition of WNT/ROR1 signalling with an antibody to ROR1 reduced stemness properties, including chemoresistance, sphere size and SOX2 expression.ConclusionsTogether, these data define WNT5B's role in driving osteosarcoma cancer stem cell expansion and methotrexate resistance and provide evidence that the WNT5B pathway is a promising candidate for treating osteosarcoma patients.Key points
WNT5B expression is high in osteosarcoma stem cells leading to increased stem cell proliferation and migration through SOX2.
WNT5B expression in stem cells increases rates of osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs and liver in vivo.
The hyaluronic acid degradation enzyme HYAL1 is regulated by WNT5B in osteosarcoma contributing to metastasis.
Inhibition of WNT5B with a ROR1 antibody decreases osteosarcoma stemness.
Importance of mediastinal granulomatous/sarcoid‐like lymphadenopathy in extrathoracic malignancies
Authors: Erol Serhat , Kaya Aslıhan Gurun , Arslan Fatma , Oz Mirac , Mulazimoglu Deniz Doğan , Isık Ozlem , Ciledag Aydin , Ceyhan Koray , Karnak Demet , Sen Elif , Celik Gokhan , Kaya Akin , Savas Ismail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with extrathoracic malignancies (ETM), granulomatous lymph adenopathy called sarcoid‐like reactions (SLR) can be seen in the regional or draining lymph nodes. We hypothesized that SLR may be a sign of imminent metastasis and investigated the clinical course and rate of recurrence in patients with ETM and granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy (MLN).MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the medical files of patients with known ETM and who underwent EBUS‐TBNA for initial staging or detection of recurrence from 2011 to 2023. Patients with granulomatous MLN were included.ResultsForty‐one patients (29 female) enrolled in the study. Breast and colorectal carcinomas were the most common malignancies. A total of 81 lymph nodes were sampled. The final diagnosis of patients was five sarcoidosis, one tuberculosis, one second primary, one drug reaction, and 33 SLR. Among patients with SLR, in one patient lymph nodes progressed during the follow‐up and were accepted as false‐negative without confirmatory biopsy. The negative predictive value (NPV) of granulomatous MLN for metastasis was 97.05%.ConclusionGranulomatous MLN may be due to tuberculosis, drug reaction, sarcoidosis, or SLR in patients with ETM. SLR has a high NPV in patients with ETM. Follow‐up imaging rather than confirmatory biopsy is reasonable in these patients.
Exploring the role of OXTR gene methylation in attachment development: A longitudinal study
Authors: Cuyvers Bien , Ein‐Dor Tsachi , Houbrechts Melisse , Freson Kathleen , Goossens Luc , Van Den Noortgate Wim , van Leeuwen Karla , Bijttebier Patricia , Claes Stephan , Turner Jonathan , Chubar Viktoria , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Bosmans Guy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study explored longitudinally whether oxytocin receptor gene methylation (OXTRm) changes moderated the association between parental sensitivity changes and children's attachment changes over three waves. Six hundred six Flemish children (10–12 years, 42.8%–44.8% boys) completed attachment measures and provided salivary OXTRm data on seven CpG sites. Their parents reported their sensitive parenting. Results suggest that OXTRm changes hardly link to attachment (in)security changes after the age of 10. Some support was found for interaction effects between parental sensitivity changes and OXTRm changes on attachment changes over time. Effects suggest that for children with increased OXTRm in the promotor region and decreased methylation in the inhibitor region over time, increased parental sensitivity was associated with increased secure attachment and decreased insecure attachment over time.
Muscular remodeling and anteroposterior patterning during tapeworm segmentation
Authors: Jarero Francesca , Baillie Andrew , Riddiford Nick , Montagne Jimena , Koziol Uriel , Olson Peter D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTapeworms are parasitic flatworms that independently evolved a segmented body plan, historically confounding comparisons with other animals. Anteroposterior (AP) patterning in free‐living flatworms and in tapeworm larvae is associated with canonical Wnt signaling and positional control genes (PCGs) are expressed by their musculature in regionalized domains along the AP axis. Here, we extend investigations of PCG expression to the adult of the mouse bile‐duct tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma, focusing on the growth zone of the neck region and the initial establishment of segmental patterning.ResultsWe show that the adult musculature includes new, segmental elements that first appear in the neck and that the spatial patterns of Wnt factors are consistent with expression by muscle cells. Wnt factor expression is highly regionalized and becomes AP‐polarized in segments, marking them with axes in agreement with the polarity of the main body axis, while the transition between the neck and strobila is specifically demarcated by the expression domain of a Wnt11 paralog.ConclusionWe suggest that segmentation could originate in the muscular system and participate in patterning the AP axis through regional and polarized expression of PCGs, akin to the gene regulatory networks employed by free‐living flatworms and other animals.
An updated survey of freshwater fishes within Letchworth State Park and surrounding area's of the Genesee River
Authors: Gascoigne G. , Assad J. , Patterson D. , Brillhart J. , DiLeo V. , Williams R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe goal of this study was to gather information about freshwater fishes in Letchworth State Park (42.615275° N, −77.992825° W), a portion of New York State‐owned land located in the Genesee River Watershed that lacks known data about its fish diversity. Fish collection took place between 2017 and 2019 in the Genesse River upstream and downstream of the falls using electrofishing, gill, hoop, and seine netting. This was the first attempt at a comprehensive survey of this portion of the river, which allowed for a baseline to be established regarding fish biodiversity in the region. The updated total number of species found in this portion of the Genesee River was 25, 22 of which were newly identified downstream of the falls in Letchworth State Park. We encourage further collection and continuation of this survey with consistent sampling techniques to raise awareness about the importance of freshwater fish diversity in stream ecosystems across the globe.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Enabling Cyanation of Electron‐poor Carbons with Acetone Cyanohydrin
Authors: Morlacci Valerio , Momoli Caterina , Ndrita Meklind , Aschi Massimiliano , Arcadi Antonio , Palombi Laura 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Pt‐cathode hydrogen evolution reaction (Pt‐HER) of acetone cyanohydrin provides an alternative method for introducing the cyano group onto electrophilic carbons of imines and chalcones. The synthesis of α‐aminonitriles and β‐cyano ketones has been achieved smoothly with a small excess of cyanating agent (2 equivalent), catalytic amount of supporting electrolyte and low electricity consumption (0.02 F/mol). Besides demonstrating a general atom economy, the high Faradaic efficiency, allows for a scale‐up with low‐demanding electrochemical design and short electrolysis times.