bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of cerebral regulation during cardiac output variations in focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Tranmer Bruce I. , Keller Ted S. , Kindt Glenn W. , Archer David 
Published: May 2009

✓ Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in anesthetized macaque monkeys by unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. The effect of blood volume expansion by a colloid agent and subsequent exsanguination to baseline cardiac output (CO) on local cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the hydrogen clearance technique in both ischemic and nonischemic brain regions. Cardiac output was increased to maximum levels (159% ± 92%, mean ± standard error of the mean) by blood volume expansion with the colloid agent hetastarch, and was then reduced a similar amount (166% ± 82%) by exsanguination during the ischemic period. Local CBF in ischemic brain regions varied directly with CO, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89 (% change CBF/% change CO), while CBF in nonischemic brain was not affected by upward or downward manipulations of CO. The difference in these responses between ischemic and nonischemic brain was highly significant (p < 0.001).
The results of this study show a profound loss of regulatory control in ischemic brain in response to alterations in CO, thereby suggesting that blood volume variations may cause significant changes in the intensity of ischemia. It is proposed that CO monitoring and manipulation may be vital for optimum care of patients with acute cerebral ischemia.
Oxyhemoglobin stimulation of endothelin production in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Ohlstein Eliot H. , Storer Barbara L. 
Published: May 2009

✓ Oxyhemoglobin and endothelin have both been linked to the development of the severe and sustained cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effects of oxyhemoglobin on endothelin biosynthesis in cultured endothelial cells were evaluated. Oxyhemoglobin (0.01 to 100 µM) produced concentration-dependent increases in immunoreactive endothelin levels in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell-conditioned medium. The median effective concentration for oxyhemoglobin-induced increases in immunoreactive endothelin levels was approximately 0.5 µM, and the maximum stimulation of immunoreactive endothelin levels was approximately 5.5-fold over basal conditions. In addition to directly stimulating basal production of immunoreactive endothelin, oxyhemoglobin significantly augmented immunoreactive endothelin production following platelet-mediated stimulation of endothelin production. An l-arginine analog inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, L-NG-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA, 200 µM), did not significantly affect basal immunoreactive endothelin levels. However, L-NMMA significantly augmented platelet-induced immunoreactive endothelin production. Methylene blue (10 µM), an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase, did not significantly affect basal immunoreactive endothelin levels, nor did it significantly affect the platelet-mediated stimulation of immunoreactive endothelin production in cultured endothelial cells.The present results reveal that oxyhemoglobin can directly stimulate endothelin biosynthesis in cultured endothelial cells. This newly identified property of oxyhemoglobin suggests a potential mechanism for the sustained and severe cerebral vasospasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Presence of dopamine D1 receptors and absence of dopamine D2 receptors in human cerebral meningioma tissue
Authors: Schrell Uwe M. H. , Nomikos Panos , Fahlbusch Rudolf 
Published: May 2009

✓ Preliminary studies have shown that the dopamine D1receptor is expressed in cerebral meningioma tissue. The current study presents evidence that the iodinated dopamine D1antagonist [125I]SCH-23982 bound to dopamine binding sites in 33 of the 45 human cerebral meningiomas examined for this. Saturation curves and the linearity of the Scatchard analysis indicate that [125I]SCH-23982 binds to a homogeneous population of binding sites. Competition curves reveal the presence of a dopamine D1receptor by rank order of various dopaminergic and nondopaminergic antagonists ((+)-SCH-23390 > (±)-SKF-83566 > (cis)-flupentixol > (+)-butaclamol > chlorpromazine > 1-sulpiride > mianserin > (−)-butaclamol). Stereoselectivity was evaluated by (+)- and (−)-butaclamol. The mean (± standard deviation) dissociation rate constant was 369 ± 196 pM with a density of 31.9 ± 12.5 fmol/mg membrane protein among 33 meningiomas.The dopamine D2receptor was not present in the 30 meningiomas examined for this. These findings indicate that the dopamine D1receptor identified is expressed alone and is therefore regulated independent of a D2receptor in cerebral meningioma tissue. Although the function of the dopamine D1receptor in cerebral meningiomas has not so far been defined, previous studies have suggested that the D1receptor might be involved in the control of proliferative growth of meningiomatous tissue.
Adult intramedullary astrocytomas of the spinal cord
Authors: Epstein Fred J. , Farmer Jean-Pierre , Freed Diana 
Published: May 2009

✓ In this series, 25 adult patients with intramedullary astrocytomas were treated by radical excision alone. Six patients proved to have anaplastic astrocytoma; five of them died within approximately 2 years and the sixth has demonstrated disease progression. The other 19 patients were diagnosed as having low-grade astrocytoma (16 cases) or ganglioglioma (three cases); two of these had advanced preoperative neurological disability and died of medical complications. Fifteen of the remaining 17 patients have no clinical evidence of tumor recurrence after a mean follow-up period of 50.2 months; the other two have a small residual neoplasm that demonstrates no progression. Of these 17 patients, seven had previously received radiation therapy, but had clear evidence of tumor growth subsequently.
This experience suggests that surgery is not beneficial for anaplastic spinal astrocytoma. However, in cases of low-grade tumor, radical excision is associated with minimal morbidity and an excellent long-term prognosis when carried out before significant disability occurs.
Antiproliferative cytokines secreted by lymphokineactivated killer cells stimulated with tumor cells
Authors: Naganuma Hirofumi , Sasaki Atsushi , Nukui Hideaki , Tasaka Kachio 
Published: May 2009

✓ Antiproliferative cytokine secretion by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells during coculture with glioblastoma cell lines, autologous glioma cells, and nongliomatous tumor cell lines (Daudi and K562 cells) was assessed, as was the antiproliferative activity of the culture supernatants against the T98G (glioblastoma) cell line. A neutralization test using agents against interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and lymphotoxin (LT) showed that antiproliferative activity was due to IFN-γ, but not to TNF or LT. Nongliomatous tumor cells stimulated LAK cells to secrete cytokines, but gliomatous tumor cells did not.It was found that there is a discrepancy between the LAK cell capability to lyse malignant glioma cells and the ability to secrete cytokines. This may be due to the factors secreted by glioblastoma cells.
Reduction by delayed hypothermia of cerebral infarction following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat: a time-course study
Authors: Baker Christopher J. , Onesti Stephen T. , Solomon Robert A. 
Published: May 2009

✓ The effect of hypothermia on neuronal injury following permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the rat was examined. Moderate hypothermia (body temperature 24°C) was induced before MCA occlusion (0-minute delay group) in six rats, at 30 minutes in eight rats, and at 1 (seven rats), 2 (seven rats), and 3 (nine rats) hours after occlusion. The rats were kept at a 24°C body temperature for 1 hour, then allowed to rewarm over 90 minutes. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after MCA occlusion, and infarction was visualized by staining of coronal sections with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Infarct volumes were compared to matched normothermic control rats (body temperature 36°C). Additional groups of 0-minute delay hypothermic (10 rats) and control animals (nine rats) were sacrificed 72 hours after MCA occlusion to examine the effects of prolonged survival.A significant reduction in the percentage of infarcted right hemisphere was seen in the animals sacrificed after 24 hours with 0-minute, 30-minute, and 1-hour delays in inducing hypothermia (mean ± standard error of the mean: 2.2% ± 0.7%, 4.4% ± 0.9%, and 3.6% ± 1.1%, respectively) as compared to normothermic control rats (10.8% ± 1.5%, p < 0.01 by Student's t-test). In the 2- and 3-hour delay groups, the percentage of infarcted right hemisphere was 17.1% ± 2.4% and 12.0% ± 2.7%, respectively, and no decrease in infarct volume was observed. The 0-minute delay hypothermia group sacrificed after 72 hours also displayed a significant reduction in right hemisphere infarct compared to their respective controls (4.8% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that, in the setting of permanent MCA occlusion, hypothermia markedly decreases brain injury even when its induction is delayed for up to 1 hour after the onset of ischemia. Ischemic damage does not appear to be merely retarded but permanently averted.
The significance for postoperative hearing of preserving the labyrinth in acoustic neurinoma surgery
Authors: Tatagiba Marcos , Samii Madjid , Matthies Cordula , El Azm Mowaffak , Schonmayr Robert 
Published: May 2009

✓ Among 186 patients with preoperative hearing, a total of 189 acoustic neurinomas were removed through a lateral suboccipital approach with anatomical preservation of the cochlear nerve. Functional hearing was preserved in 92 (49%) of these patients; despite anatomical preservation of the cochlear nerve, deafness was the result in 51 % of the series. Many factors have been considered to cause hearing loss in patients whose cochlear nerve was intact after surgery; these include nerve retraction, nerve or cochlear ischemia, overheating and vibration damage to the nerve, and opening of the labyrinth.To evaluate the significance of injury to the labyrinth in postoperative hearing loss, a prospective study was undertaken. High-resolution computerized tomography studies through the inner ear with bone algorithm were performed pre- and postoperatively. The postoperative status of the labyrinth was classified into three patterns: intact, fenestrated, and widely opened. Injury to the labyrinth occurred in 30% of the cases. The most frequently injured labyrinth structures were the crus commune of the posterior and superior semicircular canals (52%), the posterior semicircular canal (23%). the vestibule (21%), and the superior semicircular canal (4%).A statistically significant relationship was found between injury to the labyrinth and deafness, elevated thresholds, and lower discrimination values at pure-tone audiograms and speech audiometry (p < 0.0001). The degree of the injury (comparison between fenestration and wide opening of the labyrinth) was also significantly related to postoperative deafness (p < 0.0001). Disturbance of the inner-ear fluids was considered to be the cause of the hearing loss. In 12 patients labyrinth injury was not associated with deafness. This finding may support the existence of mechanisms of cochlear protection. The homeostatic function of the endolymphatic sac was considered to play an important role in recovery of damaged hearing in these 12 cases.
An approach to improve early detection of sternal wound infection
Authors: Howlader Mohammad H. , Smith John S. , Madden Brendan 
Published: May 2009

We developed a reproducible and reliable method of using a rubber stamp prospectively to document appearances of the sternal wound. 395 consecutive patients undergoing median sternotomy for cardiac procedures were studied over a period of four months. Data were collected by the Senior House Officer during the ward round for all patients at Day 3 and Day 7 post-operatively. Data were entered for 303 patients using the rubber stamp. 78 patients had no stamp entered in their case notes. 21 patients were recorded as having abnormal wounds, 11 of whom confirmed positive microbiological growth.Â On the other hand, 282 patients were recorded to have normal wounds, 10 of which had positive bacterial growth. Our initial results have been encouraging with almost 80% compliance and 96% specificity. A simple recording system consisting of proven signs of infection known to medical practitioners was our tool. Keywords: Detection; Infection; Sternal woundOnline: 21 May 2009DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v35i1.1815Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 11-14
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Armed Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Shamweel , Alenzi Faris Q. , Al-Juaid Nami Fawazan , Ahmed Shad 
Published: May 2009

Keywords: Antibiotic; Armed Forces Hospital; Methicillin resistant; Saudi Arabia; Staphylococcus aureusOnline:Â 22 May 2009DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v35i1.1983Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 28-30
Evaluation of the effects of shortwave diathermy in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Ahmed Md. Shaik , Shakoor Md. Abdus , Khan Aminuddin A. 
Published: May 2009

A prospective experimental study on 97 patients of chronic low back pain was conducted to find out the effects of shortwave diathermy. They were divided randomly into two groups and treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, exercises, activities of daily living instructions and with or without shortwave diathermy. After six weeks of treatment, improvements were observed in both the groups. But significant difference in improvement was found in shortwave diathermy group than in placebo group. The present study suggests that shortwave diathermy is effective for the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain.Keywords: Back pain; NSAID; Shortwave diathermyOnline:Â 22 May 2009DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v35i1.2320Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2009; 35: 18-20Â
Corn extracts lower tissue arsenic level in rat
Authors: Chowdhury Noor Jahan Alam , Misbahudddin Mir , Rahman Md. Sayedur 
Published: May 2009

This study was carried out to see whether corn extracts could reduce the accumulation of arsenic in different tissues of rat. Exposure to arsenic (700Âµg/rat/day) orally for 15 days led to significant accumulation of arsenic and significant reduction in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in different tissues. While water, salt, ethanol and alkali extracts of corn were co-administered at a dose of 0.5 mL/rat/day orally by stomach tube during last 8 days, arsenic concentration decreased significantly in all tissues and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration increased significantly in tissues except heart and skin. Among the extracts, water extract produced maximum reduction of arsenic (69.07% in liver, 64.98% in kidney, 63.47% in lung, 57.55% in heart and 69.30% in skin) and elevation of reduced glutathione level in all tissues (17.03% in liver, 46.73% in lung, 32.67% in heart and 55.38% in skin) except kidney, in which maximum elevation of reduced glutathione was attained by ethanol extract (23.14%). This study suggests that corn extracts might protect rats from accumulation of arsenic in different tissues and oxidative stress, which is reflected by the increasing reduced glutathione concentration in those tissues.Keywords: Arsenic; Corn; RatOnline: 23 May 2009Bangladesh Med Res Counc 2009; 35: 21-25Â Â DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v35i1.2533
School‐based integrated and segregated interventions to reduce aggression
Authors: Shechtman Zipora , Ifargan Miriam 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe goal of the study was to assess two types of school‐based interventions—a class intervention (integrated) and a small group counseling (segregated) intervention for highly aggressive children—and to determine which is more efficacious in reducing individual and classroom aggression, lessening internalizing and externalizing behavior, and increasing positive classroom relationships. The study, conducted in Israel, included 904 children from 13 schools. In each school, one age level was selected and divided randomly into three experimental conditions: psychoeducational class intervention, small group counseling, and control. In all classrooms, the highly aggressive children were identified a priori (n=166). Analyses were conducted separately for the aggressive children and their nonaggressive classmates, in a nested procedure (mixed models). Results showed similar positive outcomes on all variables in both treatment groups, and higher compared with the control group. The discussion focuses on the strengths of each type of intervention. Aggr. Behav. 35:342–356, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal‐Free, Regioselective Triazole Ligations that Deliver Locked cis Peptide Mimetics
Authors: Ahsanullah  , Schmieder Peter , Kühne Ronald , Rademann Jörg 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMetal‐free triazole turns: 1,5‐Disubstituted peptidyl triazoles are obtained regioselectively from the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of peptidyl phosphoranes and azides. Peptide turns are thus formed that contain a conformationally locked cis peptide bond. Being regioselective and free of heavy metals, this reaction may find broad application in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.magnified image
A Gold‐Immobilized Microchannel Flow Reactor for Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Wang Naiwei , Matsumoto Tsutomu , Ueno Masaharu , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGolden capillaries: A gold‐immobilized capillary column reactor allows oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds using molecular oxygen. These capillary columns (see picture) can be used for at least four days without loss of activity.magnified image
Synthesis of Allenylidene Lithium and Silver Complexes, and Subsequent Transmetalation Reactions
Authors: Asay Matt , Donnadieu Bruno , Schoeller Wolfgang W. , Bertrand Guy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlpha, beta, gamma! Amino substituents in alpha and beta positions allow the isolation of free carbenes, but even in the gamma position, their strong π‐electron‐donating properties permit the synthesis of allenylidene lithium adducts and silver complexes (see picture), which are ideal precursors for the preparation of various transition‐metal–allenylidene complexes.magnified image
1,n‐Glycols as Dialdehyde Equivalents in Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Carbonyl Allylation and Iterative Two‐Directional Assembly of 1,3‐Polyols
Authors: Lu Yu , Kim In Su , Hassan Abbas , Del Valle David J. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnstable? We're able! 1,n‐Glycols serve as synthetic equivalents to unstable dialdehydes in two‐directional carbonyl allylation from the alcohol oxidation level under iridium‐catalyzed transfer hydrogenation conditions. Iterative asymmetric allylation employing 1,3‐propanediol enables the rapid assembly of protected 1,3‐polyol substructures with exceptional levels of stereocontrol.magnified image
NOx emissions of an opposed wall‐fired pulverized coal utility boiler
Authors: Gao Xiaotao , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe present paper was addressed to the effects of operational variables and coal properties on NOx emission level of a 600‐MW opposed wall‐fired pulverized coal utility boiler. The in situ experiments were performed to study the effects of operational variables on boiler performance by changing individual variables while the other variables were held nearly constant on the basis of the nominal load operation. It was found that the oxygen level was a significant parameter to affect the NOx emission. The impacts of coal properties on NOx emission indicated that NOx emission level decreased with the increase of the ratio of the nitrogen content to low heating value because the volatile matter content in coal significantly influenced the in‐flame NOx formation. Coal volatile content was the dominant parameter to affect fuel NOx formation through affecting the reducing condition in the inner near‐burner zone when the low NOx burners were applied in the boiler. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of heavy metal vaporization from coal in a fluidized bed by an inverse model
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Xuefeng , Gauthier D. , Abanades S. , Flamant G. , Qiu Jianrong , Zheng Chuguang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study addresses the kinetics of heavy metal vaporization during fluidized bed thermal treatment of coal. Both direct and inverse models were developed in transient conditions. The direct model predicts the time course of the metal concentration in the gas from the vaporization rate profile. The inverse model was developed and validated to predict the metal's vaporization rate from its concentration in the outlet gas. A method to derive the kinetic law of heavy metal vaporization during fluidized bed thermal treatment of coal from the global model and the experimental measurements is derived and illustrated. A first‐order law was fitted for the mineral matrix and a second‐order law was fitted for coal. This method can be applied to any matrix, whether it is mineral matrix or organic matrix. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of tetracycline in aqueous medium by electrochemical method
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Fang , Wu Xiaogang , Zhang Jianhua , Zhang Daobin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe degradation of tetracycline by anode oxidation with Ti/RuO2–IrO2 electrode was carried out in an electrochemical cell. The effect of operating conditions such as electrical current density, initial pH, antibiotic concentration, electrolyte concentration and hydroxyl radical scavenger on the oxidation of tetracycline was investigated. The results showed that the degradation of tetracycline followed apparent pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. The rate constant increased linearly with the current density, but the oxidation curves displayed the same dependence on the amount of the specific charge passed. The degradation rate decreased with the initial antibiotic concentration. Either initial pH or electrolyte concentration had little effect on the electrochemical oxidation of tetracycline. The presence of tert‐butanol did not hinder the degradation rate, indicating the radical contribution to the oxidation of tetracycline could be neglected. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas–liquid mass transfer in three‐phase inverse fluidized bed reactor with Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids
Authors: Sivasubramanian V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLiquid‐phase volumetric mass transfer coefficients, kLa were determined in three‐phase inverse fluidized beds of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) spheres fluidized by a countercurrent flow of air and Newtonian (water and glycerol solutions) or non‐Newtonian liquids [carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solutions]. The effects of liquid and gas velocities, particle size, solid loading and addition of organic additives (glycerol and CMC) on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kLa were determined. The superficial liquid velocity had a weak effect on the mass transfer whereas the gas flow rate affected the mass transfer positively. kLa increased with increase in particle diameter and decreased with increase in initial bed height (solid loading). kLa decreased as the concentration of glycerol (viscosity) and CMC increased. Empirical correlations are presented to predict the gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient in terms of operating variables. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.