bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I.—The Foraminifera of the Speeton Clay of Yorkshire
Authors: Sherlock R. L. 
Published: May 2009

1. The Speeton Clay of Yorkshire contains abundant Foraminifera in the beds named by Mr. Lamplugh B (base), C10, and C2; but the specimens examined from the other subdivisions of F, E, D, and C either do not contain any Foraminifera or they are present in small numbers only.2. Two new species, Cristellaria chapmani, Pulvinulina lamplughi, and a new variety, Lagena apiculata, var. danfordi, occur and are described. Forty-four species belonging to sixteen genera have been found.3. The characteristic of the Foraminiferal fauna of the Speeton Clay is the great predominance of Pulvinulina caracolla (Roemer) over all other species.4. Twenty-five per cent of the species of Foraminifera occur also in the Hils of North Germany, 35 per cent in the Red Chalk of Speeton, 40 per cent in the Bargate Beds of Surrey, and 58·5 per cent in the Gault of Folkestone.5. Dimorphism is clearly shown by P. caracolla (Roemer). Previously it has been stated to occur among the Pulvinulinæ in P. partschiana, d'Orb., but no case has been described.6. Notes are given on the microscopical characters of the sediments.
III.—The Sgùrr of Eigg: some Comments on Mr. Bailey's Paper
Authors: Harker Alfred 
Published: May 2009

MR. Bailey has very kindly permitted me to see his manuscript, and also to examine a specimen and slice of the rock which he regards as a volcanic breccia underlying the pitchstone. Since he attaches some importance to this rock, I will consider it first.The natural base of the thick pitchstone sheet is made by a band of more glassy aspect, almost like an obsidian. The microscope shows that this, apart from the usual enclosed crystals, is a light-brown glass, free from the crowds of crystallites found in the ordinary pitchstone. Another feature is that it encloses numerous little fragments of basalt. These indeed, with occasional larger pieces, pass up for some feet into the pitchstone, but they are most abundant near the lower surface. Such inclusions, picked up from the contiguous rocks, may occur both in lava-flows and intrusive sills, but, so far as my experience goes, are more frequent in the latter. The obsidian-like band is well seen, fresh and intact, at places on the northern side of the SgÙrr; but elsewhere it is much brecciated, and usually much decomposed in addition. The brecciation is of such a kind that pieces of the normal pitchstone have become mingled with the debris of the more glassy variety. Mr. Bailey has quoted part of my description of this brecciated basal band as it is exposed, in a decomposed state, on the southern side of the ridge. That it is a part of the pitchstone sheet, not a separate underlying deposit, is there clearly demonstrated: see fig. 6 on p. 60 of my paper.
I.—On the Pleistocene Ossiferous Deposits of the Balearic Islands
Authors: Bate Dorothea M. A. 
Published: May 2009

Like so many of the islands of the Mediterranean the Balearic group has yielded interesting remains of an extinct Pleistocene fauna. These have been discovered in cave breccias and in fissures of which a brief description may be of interest.Previous to 1909 the only record of the occurrence of any Pleistocene mammalian remains in the Balearic Islands was, I believe, that of De la Marmora, who mentioned indications of a bone breccia in the hill of Belver, near Palma, where he observed a bone which appeared to be that of a Lagomys or a rabbit. Since then, as the result of three short visits undertaken by the writer, a quantity of ossiferous remains have been obtained from the caves and fissures of Mallorca and Menorca. It may be mentioned that I failed to locate the breccia recorded near Belver.
III.—Notes on the composition of Clays, Slates, etc., And on some points in their Contact-Metamorphism
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard 
Published: May 2009

After this substance has been well observed in good occurrences, it is always recognized at once, even as isolated small patches in a slide. It has a very characteristic appearance among the other constituents. It is marked off, for instance, by its special refraction from anything else that occurs in these rocks, and has other characteristics not to be missed when once observed, but not very easy to exactly describe. As soon as it ceases to be quite inert in polarized light, as soon as the speckly polarization sets in, it has also a more or less granular appearance in ordinary light with lowered condenser, which is very characteristic.indifferent slides, and often in one and the same slide, various stages of development may be observed in it from the first speckled appearance in polarized light up to a point where flakelets of white mica are recognized as forminginit, lying “criss-cross”inall directions. It passes in this way in some cases almost wholly into mica, with apparently other substances which cannot be identified with certainty, the transition, and connection with the original substance, being all the time distinct and beyond mistake.In the inner zones, the “hornfels-zones,“ this substance is usually present in smaller amount, as already stated; but examples of its abundant occurrence are not wanting, as for instance in a hornfels from Spitzenberg, in the Harz. There is a mosaic of quartz and felspar, with brown mica and some white mica. The yellow substance lies in amongst, and surrounds, the minerals of this mosaic. It has no definite form of its own, simply occupying spaces and taking the outlines of the other minerals. It is all either in the minutely-speckly stage or variously developed from this upwards to mica; and the impression made is that if it had all developed as far as some portions of it have done, the whole mosaic-grains of the slides would be mixed in with and surrounded by white mica, as may not infrequently be observed in these contact-rocks.
Woodwardian Museum Notes
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper 
Published: May 2009

The sub-genus Chasmops of the genus Phacops is so rarely, if ever, found in great Britain, except as disconnected heads and pygidia, that a specimen which shows the cephalic shield attached to several thoracio rings deserves notice.The two British species recognised by Salter (omitting the doubtful Ch. Jukesii) are Ch. macroura (Sjogren) and Ch. conophthalmus (Boeck?), but he apparently perceived that more than two species were included under these names (Mon. Brit. Tril. p. 38).
I.—Note on a Collection of Carboniferous Trilobites from the Banks of the Hodder, near Stonyhurst, Lancashire
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

Earlyin1893, the Rev. G. G. H. Pollen, S.J., of Stonyhurst College, was so kind as to send up to me for examination a collection of Carboniferous fossils, obtained by himself with the assistance of Mr. William van Waterschoot van der Gracht, Jur. Stud., who during his residence at Stonyhurst paid much attention to the geology of the neighbourhood.The collection proved to be an extremely interesting one, and Mr. Pollen most kindly requested me to keep a selection of the specimens for the Museum, only returning him a named duplicate collection for Stonyhurst. Subsequently Mr. van der Gracht sent me all the specimens he had himself collected, so that I was able to study a very fair series of the fossils from these beds.The specimens sent up were carefully examined by Mr. E. B. Newton, F.G.S., and were found to comprise as follows:—Fragments of Vertebrata (possibly phalangeal bones of a small reptile?), also a part of jaw of a small Fish ? (not determined).
V.—On the Graptolite Family Dichograptidæ, Lapw
Authors: Herrmann Otto 
Published: May 2009

Hydrosoma bilaterally developed. Branches regular, always furnished only with a single series of hydrothecæ (Monoprionidian). Hydrothecæ rectangular, touching one another, their inferior margin slightly curved. Sicula generally persistent; its free, pointed, downwardly directed end at the proximal extremity of the hydrosoma.In 1851 M Coy (Brit. Pal. Foss. p. 9) proposed the generic name Didymograptus for two-branched species with one row of cells “sometimes on the inner, sometimes on the outer side of the branches.” Nearly at the same time Geinitz established his genus Cladograptus to include all two-armed or furcate Graptolites.
I.—On Marekanite and its Allies
Authors: Judd John W. 
Published: May 2009

In almost every collection of minerals there may be found specimens of the curious little glassy balls, which, from the locality of their occurrence—the great Marekanka, near Okhotsk in Siberia—have received the name of Marekanile. These glassy balls are more or less perfectly rounded in form, they vary in their colour, through different shades of smoke-grey to orange-brown, while in size they range from the dimensions of a pea to those of a walnut. Most mineralogical treatises still continue to recognize Marekanite as a mineral, and class it either as a variety of Obsidian or of Pearlstone.While totally disallowing the claim of Marekanite to rank as a mineral-species or even variety—the petrographer recognizes in this substance a type of rock, which proves to be by no means devoid of interest, when its properties are carefully studied, nor destitute of suggestiveness, when its mode of occurrence is thoughtfully considered.
II.—Physiographioal Studies in Lakeland
Authors: Marr J. E. 
Published: May 2009

To the west of the London and North-Western Eailway, after it has surmounted the incline of Shap Fells, lies the valley of the Eiver Lowther, which eventually flows into the Eamont, whichinturn drains into the Eden. The Lowther, flowing in a general northerly direction, receives the drainage of three important streams, coming from the south-west. The first of these flows through the valley of Wet Sleddale, just north of the Fells, which exhibit the exposures of the Shap Granite. It is lettered W.S.inFig. 1. The second, Swindale (S. Fig. 1), the subject of this paper, joins the Lowther stream at Kossgill Hamlet, about two miles north of Shap Village, whilst the third, Haweswater Beck (H.B. Fig. 1), flows out of Haweswater (H. Fig. 1) and joins the Lowther at Bampton.Proceeding up Swindale from Eossgill, we follow the road over Eossgill Moor, a barren tract of country occupied by Skiddaw Slates, to Swindale Foot, near which the Borrowdale Volcanic Group appears, and causes the fine cliff scenery which marks the upper part of Swindale.
V.—On the Occurrence of a Black Limestone in the Strata of the Maltese Islands
Authors: Cooke John H. 
Published: May 2009

While engaged in the examination of the superficial deposits of the Maltese Islands, I have often met with rounded pebbles and angular fragments of a black, crystalline limestone, either lying on the rock surfaces, or embedded in the Quaternary formations.The late Professor Leith Adams drew attention to the same fact as long ago as 1867, and in a paper which was published in the Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. he expressed an opinion that the fragments which he had seen lying on the surfaces of the sides and summits of the Gozitan Hills, belonged to a formation that was of a much later age than any of the rocks that are now to be found in situ in the islands.Dr. John Murray, too, notes in his brochure on the Maltese Islands the occurrence of similar fragments in the neighbourhood of Marsa Scirocco, and he further adds that no evidences of the rock having been found in situ in the islands had hitherto been recorded. The remarks of these gentlemen led me to consider the matter attentively, and I have, during the last year, been carrying on investigations with the object of discovering the origin of the black marble, the result of which has been to show that it is but a variety of the Lower Coralline Limestone, the basement bed of the Maltese series, and that it occurs extensively in situ in that formation.
VI.—The Discovery of Terebratulina Substriata, Schlotheim, in Yorkshire
Authors: Walker John Francis 
Published: May 2009

Several years ago Mr. W. H. Hudleston, Prof. J. F. Blake and myself obtained large quantities of Waldheimia (Zeilleria) Hudlestoni, Walker, from the quarry on the Suffield Heights near Scarborough. I had separated several specimens which appeared to differ from the typical form; on rearranging my collection, I carefully examined them, and found that they were covered with fine strise and also had the characteristic form of the genus TerebratuUna.The bed in which they occur is described by Hudleston and Blake, Q.J.G.S. vol. xxxiii. p. 331. This quarry has been long noted for the quantity of small sponges, Spongia floriceps, Spongia corallina, etc., which it contains. It is to be noticed that Quenstedt “die Brachiopoden,” p. 224, states that this brachiopod appears to prefer exclusively a spongy layer as its dwelling place.
IV.—On Linnarsson's Recent Discoveries in Swedish Geology
Authors: Lapworth Charles 
Published: May 2009

On the Graptolites of Gothland (Om Gotlands Graptolither). By G. Linnarsson. Ofv. af. Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Förh.; 1879, No. 5, pp. 12.The island of Gothland, so rich in all other Silurian fossils, is remarkably poor in Graptolites. Angelin and Lindström simply noted the fact of their presence, but did not attempt their identification. At Dr. Lindström's suggestion, Mr. G. Linnarsson here describes and figures the two species that have been procured from these strata, from examples now in the Riks-Musei of Stockholm.
VII.—Palœontological Nomenclature
Authors: Buckman S. S. 
Published: May 2009

The remarks made by Mr. Haddow in the GeologicalMagazine, Decade III. Vol. IV. p. 519, seem to demand a reply.1.—He complains of the multiplication of generic or subgeneric names of Ammonites.2.—He laments the confusion which appears to have arisen concerning what have hitherto been regarded as recognizable species.3.—He suggests that the trinomial system would obviate the necessity of any of these changes and be at the same time an advantage.
I.—On the Mollusca of the Pleistocene Gravels in the Neighbourhood of Cambridge
Authors: Hughes McKenny 
Published: May 2009

The site of Barnwell Abbey has long been excavated for gravel. The pits have been easily accessible to collectors, and have for many years yielded large numbers of Mammalian bones, Mollusca, and a few plant-remains.These gravels were noticed by the Rev. P. B. Brodie and Prof Sedgwick in 1838. Prof. Seeley gave a sketch of them in the Q. J. G. S. 1866, in which there was a list of the land and freshwater shells drawn up by Mr. Dewick. They were described by Mr. Jukes-Browne in his essay on the Post-Tertiary deposits of Cambridgeshire, 1878, and in the Memoir of the Geological Survey.
VI.—The Development of Brown Mica from Augite by Reaction with Felspathic Material
Authors: Parsons James 
Published: May 2009

The conversion of augite or hornblende into brown mica appears to take place from three causes:—1. By crushing of pyroxenic minerals and felspar, as has been observed by Professor Bonney in sundry schists of the Alps.2. By the intrusion of felspathic material into a rock containing augite or hornblende, as in the Harz, where granite invades diabase, converting the augite into biotite. A similar change has been observed in the gabbro of the Barnavave Mountain, in the Carlingford district, the diallage being wholly or in part replaced by biotite owing to the invasion of granophyric magma. In Sark the intrusion of an aplitic magma into almost pure hornblende has resulted in the formation of biotite.
I.—On a New Species of Dipterus
Authors: Traquair R. H. 
Published: May 2009

From the Old Red Sandstone of Caithness, four species of Dipterus were originally named by Sedgwick and Murchison, those being as follows:—1. Dipterus brachypygopterus, anal fin short.2. D. macropygopterus, anal fin long.3. D. Valenciennesii, small in size, narrow in shape.4. D. macrolepidotus, not characterized although figured.It is evident from the figures of “D. macrolepidotus” that it does not belong to the same genus, even to the same family, as the other forms. Those have circular scales, whereas in “macrolepidotus,” the scales are rhombic, and the head bones are clearly seen to be very different from those of Dipterus.
IV.—On some Remains of a Gigantic Fossil Cirripede from the Tertiary Rocks of New Zealand
Authors: Benham W. Blaxland 
Published: May 2009

In the course of conversation with Professor J. Park, the Director of our School of Mines. I first heard of the occurrence of a gigantic pedunculated Cirripede in certain Tertiary deposits on the east coast of the North Island of this colony. I then wrote to Mr. T. F. Cheeseman, the Curator of the Auckland Museum, in which some remains were exhibited: in answer to my request, Mr. Cheeseman very generously loaned me these remains, and the following notes are founded on them. I will here express my thanks to this gentleman for the readiness with which he has, in this and other instances, complied with my request for the loan of specimens out of his museum. But these few fragments do not represent all that is known of the animal; for I understand that abundant material, collected by Professor Park during his geological survey, is entombed in boxes in the Colonial Museum at Wellington, and Professor Thomas, of Auckland, also possesses, as he informs me, a fair supply of valves, collected by himself.I have, however, not been able to examine either of these collections. And although the present contribution is very incomplete, yet I hope that it will stimulate the possessors of better material to supplement or correct my remarks; at any rate, it will serve to direct the attention of European geologists and zoologists to the existence in late geologic times of a Cirripede remarkable chiefly for its gigantic size, far surpassing any member of the group hitherto, known to science.
VII.—Eolithic Implements at Belfast and at Bloomsbury
Authors: Bennett F. J. 
Published: May 2009

Mr. J. W. Knowles, M.R.I.A., of Ballymena, read a paper on what appeared to him to be flints chipped similarly to the eoliths, which he had found in the Interglacial gravels of Ireland. This gave rise to a discussion, in which five speakers in succession gave reasons, or rather expressed opinions, adverse to their artificial character; and as these seemed based on some misconceptions, and also as I was the only one who spoke for them, and was told I must be brief, and so could not fully reply to them, I do so in the present form, and I state, as far as I remember, what took place in as few words as possible.Mr. Knowles himself took a neutral position, but suggested that, if they were implements at all, they might have been used as scrapers for scraping hæmatite.The objections were: that these so-called eoliths were found in such extraordinary numbers that they might be the result of natural causes, and that their upholders must disprove this; that the flints in question were those of the Clay-with-Flints, a deposit due to the chemical dissolution of the Chalk-with-Flints; that, if admitted to be artificial, they could not be older than the Palæolithic implements of the high levels, as they were both found in the same deposits; that similar flints were to be found in the Boulder-clay, and, as man was post-Glacial, that was a positive refutation.
V.—Note on the Horizon and Locality of Sowerby's Type-Specimen of Nautilus truncatus
Authors: Crick G. C. 
Published: May 2009

Nautilus truncatus was described and figured by J. Sowerby in the “Mineral Conchology,” vol. ii, p. 49, pl. cxxiii, April, 1816, his description and remarks being as follows:—“Spec. char. Thick, flatted, plain, umbilicate ; back flat, mouth elongated, four-angled : siphuncle nearest to the inner margin of the septum.
III.—On a New Section in the Middle Lias of Lincoln
Authors: Cooke John H. 
Published: May 2009

The quarrying operations that have been carried out during the last five years at Handley's Pit, Lincoln, have led to the exposure of some very complete and instructive sections in the Middle Lias.Handley's Pit is situate on the North Cliff, at a distance of about a furlong from the now disused pit of Glaisiers, and immediately below that of the Lincoln Brick Company (late Swan's). When compared with the sequence exposed in Swan's Pit, it affords some interesting details that assist materially in clearing up some of the doubtful points to which Mr. Dalton referred in the Geological Survey Memoir on Lincoln Geology regarding the limitation of the range of A. margaritatus, and the occurrence of the Marlstone Rock-bed in the Lincoln District.
II.—The Recent and Rapid Elevation of the American Cordillera
Authors: Howorth Henry H. 
Published: May 2009

In some papers which have lately appeared in the Geological Magazine, I have endeavoured to show that the Ural Mountains, and also the great masses of high land in Eastern Asia from the Altai to the Himalayas, are of very recent geological origin, and that it was probably their rapid elevation which caused the great diluvial movement of which traces are to be found all over the Siberian plains. I now wish to call attention to some of the evidence which points to the American Cordillera being also a very recent geological feature, and dating from the same period of cataclysmic revolution which closed the Mammoth age.It is a curious fact that one name, America, connotes both of the great continents hung together by the isthmus of Panama. The cause of this is of course purely historical, and yet it coincides with a great physical fact, namely, their essential unity in more than one respect. The generic unity of the old inhabitants of both continents is a peculiar fact in ethnography; but the unity is even more remarkable in this, that the vertebral column which runs north and south through the two Americas is essentially one backbone.
III.—On the British Earthquakes of 1890, with the exception of those felt in the Neighbourhood of Inverness
Authors: Davison Charles 
Published: May 2009

The most remarkable earthquakes of the year 1890 were those felt in the district round Inverness between November 15 and December 14. These have been described in a separate paper. The remaining earthquakes were of comparatively slight intensity. Two or three were felt during the night of June 25–26 within a very small area to the north-east of Leeds, and one at least in Kintyre on July 24. Several slight shocks at Invergarry and Feddan, in Inverness-shire, complete the list so far as known to me, with the exception of a doubtful shock at Tulliallan in Perthshire on January 6.It is hardly necessary to do more than refer here to the two supposed earthquakes felt on January 7 at and near Chelmsford. In a letter to “Nature,” I have given the evidence in full; and it appears to me sufficient to show that they were merely the reports of one of the great Woolwich guns.
X.—On the Greenstone and Associated Rocks of the Manacle Point, Lizard
Authors: Somervail Alexander 
Published: May 2009

On De La Beche's Geological Survey Map of Cornwall are three colours representing the associated rocks at, and on each side of the Manacle Point. The Point itself and for a considerable distance south of it is represented as a greenstone. Partially encased in the greenstone and to the south of it is gabbro, which forms the main mass of this rock in the Lizard district. On the north side of the greenstone which forms the extreme south wall of Porthonstock Cove is hornblende-schist, which with some serpentine and other rocks terminates against the killas, or slates near Porthalla.Several observers with seeming good reason have drawn attention to the fact that the greenstone as represented on the map is made to cover much too large an area to the south, and that any one walking from this direction, or the reverse, finds gabbro where the former rock was expected to occur.