bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by MOG35-55 peptide immunization is associated with differential responses in separate compartments of the choroid plexus
Authors: Murugesan Nivetha , Paul Debayon , Lemire Yen , Shrestha Bandana , Ge Shujun , Pachter Joel S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing awareness that, aside from producing cerebrospinal fluid, the choroid plexus (CP) might be a key regulator of immune activity in the central nervous system (CNS) during neuroinflammation. Specifically, the CP has recently been posited to control entry of sentinel T cells into the uninflamed CNS during the early stages of neuroinflammatory diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As the CP is compartmentalized into a stromal core containing fenestrated capillaries devoid of typical blood–brain barrier properties, surrounded by a tight junction-expressing choroidal epithelium, each of these compartments might mount unique responses that instigate the neuroinflammatory process.MethodsTo discern responses of the respective CP stromal capillary and choroidal epithelial tissues during evolving neuroinflammation, we investigated morphology andin situexpression of 93 immune-related genes during early stages of EAE induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55). Specifically, 3-D immunofluorescent imaging was employed to gauge morphological changes, and laser capture microdissection was coupled to anImmune PanelTaqMan Low Density Array to detail alterations in gene expression patterns at these separate CP sites on days 9 and 15 post-immunization (p.i.). To resolve CP effects due to autoimmunity against MOG peptide, from those due to complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin (PTX) included in the immunization, analysis was performed on MOG-CFA/PTX-treated, CFA/PTX-treated, and naïve cohorts.ResultsThe CP became swollen and displayed significant molecular changes in response to MOG-CFA/PTX immunization. Both stromal capillary and choroidal epithelial tissues mounted vigorous, yet different, changes in expression of numerous genes over the time course analyzed - including those encoding adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, statins, interleukins, T cell activation markers, costimulatory molecules, cyclooxygenase, pro-inflammatory transcription factors and pro-apoptotic markers. Moreover, CFA/PTX-treatment, alone, resulted in extensive, though less robust, alterations in both CP compartments.ConclusionsMOG-CFA/PTX immunization significantly affects CP morphology and stimulates distinct expression patterns of immune-related genes in CP stromal capillary and epithelial tissues during evolving EAE. CFA/PTX treatment, alone, causes widespread gene alterations that could prime the CP to unlock the CNS to T cell infiltration during neuroinflammatory disease.
Primary cilia and aberrant cell signaling in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Egeberg Dorte L , Lethan Mette , Manguso Robert , Schneider Linda , Awan Aashir , Jørgensen Tue S , Byskov Anne G , Pedersen Lotte B , Christensen Søren T 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Denmark, largely due to the advanced stage at diagnosis in most patients. Approximately 90% of ovarian cancers originate from the single-layered ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Defects in the primary cilium, a solitary sensory organelle in most cells types including OSE, were recently implicated in tumorigenesis, mainly due to deregulation of ciliary signaling pathways such as Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. However, a possible link between primary cilia and epithelial ovarian cancer has not previously been investigated.

Methods
The presence of primary cilia was analyzed in sections of fixed human ovarian tissue as well as in cultures of normal human ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells and two human OSE-derived cancer cell lines. We also used immunofluorescence microscopy, western blotting, RT-PCR and siRNA to investigate ciliary signaling pathways in these cells.

Results
We show that ovarian cancer cells display significantly reduced numbers of primary cilia. The reduction in ciliation frequency in these cells was not due to a failure to enter growth arrest, and correlated with persistent centrosomal localization of aurora A kinase (AURA). Further, we demonstrate that ovarian cancer cells have deregulated Hh signaling and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) expression and that promotion of ciliary formation/stability by AURA siRNA depletion decreases Hh signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Lastly, we show that the tumor suppressor protein and negative regulator of AURA, checkpoint with forkhead-associated and ring finger domains (CHFR), localizes to the centrosome/primary cilium axis.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that primary cilia play a role in maintaining OSE homeostasis and that the low frequency of primary cilia in cancer OSE cells may result in part from over-expression of AURA, leading to aberrant Hh signaling and ovarian tumorigenesis.
Inflammation associated anemia and ferritin as disease markers in SLE
Authors: Vanarsa Kamala , Ye Yujin , Han Jie , Xie Chun , Mohan Chandra , Wu Tianfu 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
In a recent screening to detect biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), expression of the iron storage protein, ferritin, was increased. Given that proteins that regulate the storage, transfer and release of iron play an important role in inflammation, this study aims to determine the serum and urine levels of ferritin and of the iron transfer protein, transferrin, in lupus patients and to correlate these levels with disease activity, inflammatory cytokine levels and markers of anemia.

Methods
A protein array was utilized to measure ferritin expression in the urine and serum of SLE patients and healthy controls. To confirm these results as well as the role of the iron transfer pathway in SLE, ELISAs were performed to measure ferritin and transferrin levels in inactive or active SLE patients and healthy controls. The relationship between ferritin/transferrin levels and inflammatory markers and anemia was next analyzed.

Results
Protein array results showed elevated ferritin levels in the serum and urine of lupus patients as compared to controls, which were further validated by ELISA. Increased ferritin levels correlated with measures of disease activity and anemia as well as inflammatory cytokine titers. Though active SLE patients had elevated urine transferrin, serum transferrin was reduced.

Conclusion
Urine ferritin and transferrin levels are elevated significantly in SLE patients and correlate with disease activity, bolstering previous reports. Most importantly, these changes correlated with the inflammatory state of the patients and anemia of chronic disease. Taken together, altered iron handling, inflammation and anemia of chronic disease constitute an ominous triad in SLE.
Elevated cardiac troponin in the early post-operative period and mortality following ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a retrospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Kopolovic Ilana , Simmonds Kimberley , Duggan Shelley , Ewanchuk Mark , Stollery Daniel E , Bagshaw Sean M 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Cardiac complications are potentially life-threatening following emergency repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA). Our objectives were to describe the incidence, risk factors, cardiac outcomes and mortality associated with elevated cardiac-specific troponin (cTnI) following repair of rAAA. We hypothesized that early post-operative cTnI elevation (>0.15 mcg/L) in rAAA patients would identify a high-risk subgroup for cardiovascular complications and adverse outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of all referrals for emergency repair of rAAA in central and northern Alberta, from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2009. Demographic, clinical, physiologic and laboratory data were extracted, along with cardiac-specific investigations and events in the 72 hours following rAAA repair.

Results
In total, 55% of patients (n = 77/141) had elevated cTnI, of which 12% (n = 9) had ST segment elevation, 23% (n = 18) had ST segment depression, 5% (n = 4) had other ECG changes, and 61% (n = 47) had no diagnostic ECG changes. Those with positive cTnI were more likely to have coronary artery disease (45.5% vs. 23.4%, P = 0.01) and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores (24.9 vs. 21.4, n = 0.016). cTnI positive patients were more likely to receive vasoactive support (58.4% vs. 14.1%, P < 0.001), had longer intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (8 (3 to 11) vs. 4 (2 to 9) days, P = 0.02) and higher adjusted in-hospital mortality (40.3% vs. 14.1%; OR 4.23; 95% CI, 1.47 to 12.1; P = 0.007).

Conclusions
Elevated cTnI early after rAAA repair is an independent predictor for post-operative complications and death.
International Prognostic Score in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Altered Utility in the Modern Era
Authors: Moccia Alden A. , Donaldson Jane , Chhanabhai Mukesh , Hoskins Paul J. , Klasa Richard J. , Savage Kerry J. , Shenkier Tamara N. , Slack Graham W. , Skinnider Brian , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. , Sehn Laurie H. 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe International Prognostic Score (IPS) is the most widely used risk stratification index for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). It is based on patients treated before 1992 and predicts 5-year freedom from progression (FFP) and overall survival (OS) ranging from 42% to 84% and 56% to 89%, respectively. The IPS has not been validated in a recently treated population in which outcomes have improved compared with historic results.Patients and MethodsBy using the British Columbia Cancer Agency Lymphoid Cancer Database, we identified all patients age ≥ 16 years newly diagnosed with advanced-stage HL (stage III to IV, or stage I to II with “B” symptoms or bulky disease ≥ 10 cm) from 1980 to 2010, treated with curative intent with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or an ABVD-equivalent regimen with complete clinical information.ResultsIn all, 740 patients were identified. Five-year FFP and OS were 78% and 90%, respectively. The IPS was prognostic for both FFP (P < .001) and OS (P < .001), with 5-year FFP ranging from 62% to 88% and 5-year OS ranging from 67% to 98%. Analysis limited to patients age 16 to 65 years (n = 686) demonstrated a narrower range of outcomes, with 5-year FFP ranging from 70% to 88% and 5-year OS ranging from 73% to 98%.ConclusionThe IPS remains prognostic for advanced-stage HL, but the range of outcomes has narrowed considerably. This improvement in outcome with ABVD should be acknowledged before consideration of alternate initial therapies and when comparing results from current trials with those of historic controls.
Comparative Outcomes of Donor Graft CD34+ Selection and Immune Suppressive Therapy As Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis for Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Complete Remission Undergoing HLA-Matched Sibling Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Pasquini Marcelo C. , Devine Steven , Mendizabal Adam , Baden Lindsey R. , Wingard John R. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Keever-Taylor Carolyn A. , Horowitz Mary M. , Carter Shelly , O'Reilly Richard J. , Soiffer Robert J. 
Published: August 2012

Purpose T-cell depletion (TCD) reduces the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, concerns about relapse, graft rejection, and variability in technique have limited the widespread application of this approach. Patients and Methods Outcomes of 44 patients receiving HLA-identical sibling TCD grafts using a uniform technique for CD34+ selection as the sole form of immune suppression were compared with outcomes of 84 patients receiving T-replete grafts and pharmacologic immune suppression therapy (IST). Results Groups were similar, except for fewer men (36% with TCD v 56% with IST) and more frequent use of radiation-containing regimens (100% with TCD v 50% with IST) in the CD34-selected TCD cohort. The proportion of patients with neutrophil engraftment at day 28 was similar (96% with IST and 100% with TCD grafts). The 100-day rates of grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD were 39% and 23% with IST and TCD grafts, respectively (P = .07). Corresponding 2-year rates of chronic GVHD were lower with TCD grafts than IST (19% v 50%, respectively; P < .001). There were no differences in rates of graft rejection, leukemia relapse, treatment-related mortality, and disease-free and overall survival rates. At 1 year, 54% and 12% of patients were still on immunosuppression in the IST and TCD cohorts, respectively. TCD was associated with a higher GVHD-free survival at 2 years compared with IST (41% v 19%, respectively; P = .006). Conclusion These results suggest that TCD via CD34 selection might lower long-term morbidity as a result of chronic GVHD without negatively impacting relapse rates in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Additional prospective studies should be undertaken to definitively address the role of TCD in HCT.
Factors Associated With Receipt of Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy in a Diverse Population-Based Sample
Authors: Griggs Jennifer J. , Hawley Sarah T. , Graff John J. , Hamilton Ann S. , Jagsi Reshma , Janz Nancy K. , Mujahid Mahasin S. , Friese Christopher R. , Salem Barbara , Abrahamse Paul H. , Katz Steven J. 
Published: August 2012

Purpose Disparities in receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy may contribute to higher breast cancer fatality rates among black and Hispanic women compared with non-Hispanic whites. We investigated factors associated with receipt of chemotherapy in a diverse population-based sample. Patients and Methods Women diagnosed with breast cancer between August 2005 and May 2007 (N = 3,252) and reported to the Detroit, Michigan, or Los Angeles County Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry were recruited to complete a survey. Multivariable analyses examined factors associated with chemotherapy receipt. Results The survey was sent to 3,133 patients; 2,290 completed a survey (73.1%), and 1,403 of these patients were included in the analytic sample. In multivariable models, disease characteristics were significantly associated with the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy. Low-acculturated Hispanics were more likely to receive chemotherapy than non-Hispanic whites (odds ratio [OR], 2.00; 95% CI, 1.31 to 3.04), as were high-acculturated Hispanics (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.98). Black women were less likely to receive chemotherapy than non-Hispanic whites, but the difference was not significant (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.08). Increasing age (even in women age < 50 years) and Medicaid insurance were associated with lower rates of chemotherapy receipt. Conclusion In this population-based sample, disease characteristics were strongly associated with receipt of chemotherapy, indicating that clinical benefit guides most treatment decisions. We found no compelling evidence that black women and Hispanics receive chemotherapy at lower rates. Interventions that address chemotherapy use rates according to age and insurance status may improve quality of systemic treatment.
Experimental Studies and Redox-Type Monte Carlo Simulations for the Reduction Reaction of NO by CO over Supported Copper
Authors: Cortés Joaquín , Valencia Eliana , González Carlos , Araya Paulo 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Kinetics experiments for the CO–NO reaction over copper oxide supported on zirconia are interpreted adequately by theoretical activity decay models. A redox-type reaction mechanism is proposed for the process. A kinetic Monte Carlo simulation algorithm is developed for the case of a redox mechanism. Its results give a reasonable interpretation of the order of the experimental reaction.
A Novel Sodium Germanomolybdate Constructed from [H2Ge2Mo6O26]6− Polyoxoanions and [Na6(H2O)12]6+ Clusters
Authors: Li Suzhi , Guo Yuanyuan , Qiu Xiaoyang , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A novel sodium germanomolybdate compound [Na6(H2O)12][H2Ge2Mo6O26] (1) has been successfully synthesized by conventional solution method. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and further characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). X-ray structural analysis reveals that 1 crystallizes in triclinic space group P1, with lattice constants a = 8.466(4) Å, b = 10.290(4) Å, c = 11.159(5) Å, α = 72.305(6)°, β = 71.115(6)°, γ = 76.969(5)°, V = 867.5(6) Å, and Z = 1, which consists of a novel polyoxoanion [H2Ge2Mo6O26]6− and a [Na6(H2O)12]6+ cluster. Furthermore, the dimeric polyoxoanion units link alternate [Na6(H2O)12]6+ clusters to generate a 3D framework.
Acridine-based Switching on Fluorescence Sensor for Cd2+ Functioning in Absolute Aqueous Media
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Aich Krishnendu , Sen Debabrata 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A new acridine fluoroionophore derivative bearing lithium salt of thioglycolate, is designed and synthesized. Its fluorescence sensing behavior toward metal ions has been investigated in absolutely aqueous media (HEPES buffer solution, pH 7.4). It displayed a selective CHEF (chelation-enhanced fluorescence) effect toward Cd2+ in presence of other heavy and transiton-metal ions. Highly sensitive switching on response of the fluorophore toward Cd2+, facilitates it suitable for sensing of Cd2+ in aqueous media.
Right or Left: Tactile Display for Route Guidance of Drivers
Authors: Asif Amna , Boll Susanne , Heuten Wilko 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A tactile interface is an alternative channel of communication, which can be utilized to display navigational instructions in cars under high visual and auditory load conditions. We investigated the use of a tactile belt for turn-by-turn information presentation in cars, which was originally designed for the route guidance of blind and pedestrian users. Important information artifacts in turn-by-turn route guidance are the distance to an upcoming crossing and the direction to follow. The tactile belt was examined in a pilot study for presenting direction information in a car navigation system. The pilot study was used to explore first ideas of tactile encodings for direction presentation with the tactile belt. The study presented in this article compares these designs systematically for their use in tactile route guidance in the car. For this purpose we conducted an experiment with 10 participants on real urban roads to evaluate three different vibrotactile patterns. The results show that the “two vibrators front design” was significantly different than the “two vibrators side design”. The two vibrator front encoding was preferred significantly. The performance of the participants on two vibrators front design was significantly different than the two vibrators side design. The Friedman test showed a significant difference in the usability of all three vibrotactile patterns. A significant difference was found in the ease of use of two vibrators front encoding compared to other encodings. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative results, we conclude that the two vibrators front encoding is comparatively is the better design for presenting the direction information. Our findings will be helpful for the car industry in designing the tactile based car navigation systems.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Madden Kate , Feldman Henry A. , Smith Ellen M. , Gordon Catherine M. , Keisling Shannon M. , Sullivan Ryan M. , Hollis Bruce W. , Agan Anna A. , Randolph Adrienne G. 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Vitamin D influences cardiovascular and immune function. We aimed to establish the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill children and identify factors influencing admission 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. We hypothesized that levels would be lower with increased illness severity and in children with serious infections.

METHODS:
Participants were 511 severely or critically ill children admitted to the PICU from November 2009 to November 2010. Blood was collected near PICU admission and analyzed for 25(OH)D concentration by using Diasorin radioimmunoassay.

RESULTS:
We enrolled 511 of 818 (62.5%) eligible children. The median 25(OH)D level was 22.5 ng/mL; 40.1% were 25(OH)D deficient (level &lt;20 ng/mL). In multivariate analysis, age and race were associated with 25(OH)D deficiency; summer season, vitamin D supplementation, and formula intake were protective; 25(OH)D levels were not lower in the 238 children (46.6%) admitted with a life-threatening infection, unless they had septic shock (n = 51, 10.0%) (median 25(OH)D level 19.2 ng/mL; P = .0008). After adjusting for factors associated with deficiency, lower levels were associated with higher admission day illness severity (odds ratio 1.19 for a 1-quartile increase in Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score per 5 ng/mL decrease in 25(OH)D, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.28; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
We found a high rate of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill children. Given the roles of vitamin D in bone development and immunity, we recommend screening of those critically ill children with risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and implementation of effective repletion strategies.
Montelukast for Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Goldbart Aviv D. , Greenberg-Dotan Sari , Tal Asher 
Published: August 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Children with nonsevere obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) benefit from alternative therapeutic interventions such as leukotriene modifiers. We hypothesized that montelukast might improve OSA in children. We tested this hypothesis in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled fashion.

METHODS:
Of 50 possible candidates, we recruited 46 children with polysomnographically diagnosed OSA. In this prospective, double-blind, randomized trial, children received daily oral montelukast at 4 or 5 mg (&lt;6 or &gt;6 years of age, respectively) or placebo for 12 weeks. Polysomnographic assessments, parent questionnaires, and radiographs to assess adenoid size were performed before and after therapy.

RESULTS:
Compared with the 23 children that received placebo, the 23 children that received montelukast showed significant improvements in polysomnographic measures of respiratory disturbance (obstructive apnea index), children's symptoms, and adenoid size. The obstructive apnea index decreased by &gt;50% in 65.2% of treated children. No attrition or side effects occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
A 12-week treatment with daily, oral montelukast effectively reduced the severity of OSA and the magnitude of the underlying adenoidal hypertrophy in children with nonsevere OSA.