bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of the radical hypofractioned radiotherapy treatment in patients with stage I and II of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wilczynska Maria , Garcia-Alonso Angel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Surgery is the treatment of choice in stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the management of patients who are medically unfit to tolerate surgical intervention or who refuse surgery, radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative. We have performed a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of radical radiotherapy in patients with early stage NSCLC treated over a period of 4 years.Methods: Thirty nine patients treated with radiotherapy of radical intent were identified. All patients received hypofractionated radiotherapy with a total dose of 55Gy in 20 fractions.Results: The median survival of all cases was 29 months. The one and two-year survival was respectively 61 % and 41%. The median survival of patients ≥75 years was 28 months, and age was the only prognostic factor identified in this analysis that affected survival.Conclusions: The presented survival results are consistent with those from other series published in the literature. At present, radical radiotherapy is often offered to patients with medically inoperable stage I and II NSCLC or those who decline surgery. But there is emerging evidence that some new techniques like stereotactic radiotherapy could be also used in the operable, early stage NSCLC.
Nitrogen balance as an indicator of environmental impact: Toward sustainable agricultural production
Authors: Sassenrath G.F. , Schneider J.M. , Gaj R. , Grzebisz W. , Halloran J.M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEfficient nutrient use is critical to ensure economical crop production while minimizing the impact of excessive nutrient applications on the environment. Nitrogen (N) is a key component of agricultural production, both as an input to support crop production and as a waste product of livestock production. Increasing concern for future sustainability of agricultural production and preservation of the natural resource base has led to the development of nutrient budgets as indicators and policy instruments for nutrient management. Nutrient budgets for N have been developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as agri-environmental indicators to compare the evolving conditions in member states, and are also used by the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) to develop nutrient management plans. Here, we examine the crop and animal production systems, drivers impacting management choices, and the outcome of those choices to assess the utility of gross annual N balances in tracking the progress of management decisions in minimizing the environmental impact of agricultural production systems. We use as case studies two very different agronomic production systems: Mississippi, USA and Poland. State and country level data from the US Department of Agriculture and OECD databases are used to develop data for the years 1998–2008, and gross annual N balances are computed. Examination of agricultural production practices reveals that the gross annual N balance is a useful tool in identifying differences in the magnitude and trends in N within agricultural systems over large areas. Significant differences in the magnitude of the N budget were observed between the highly diversified, small-scale agriculture common to Poland, and the large-scale, intensive agriculture of Mississippi. It is noted that use of N balance indices can be problematic if the primary intent is to reveal the impact of economic drivers, such as crop prices, or management choices, such as tillage or crop rotation. Changes in cropping systems in response to commodity prices that improve N balance can be masked by detrimental growing conditions, including edaphic, biotic and weather conditions, that are outside of the producers’ control. Moreover, use of large area-scale indices such as country or state-wide balances may mask the severity of localized nutrient imbalances that result from regionalized production systems that overwhelm the nutrient balance, such as confinement livestock production. Development of a policy to address environmental impact and establish sustainable production systems must consider the year-to-year variability of drivers impacting agricultural production, and the spatial heterogeneity of nutrient imbalance.
Key features of >30 keV electron precipitation during high speed solar wind streams: A superposed epoch analysis
Authors: Kavanagh A. J. , Honary F. , Donovan E. F. , Ulich T. , Denton M. H. 
Published: May 2012

We present an epoch analysis of energetic (>30 keV) electron precipitation during 173 high speed solar wind streams (HSS) using riometer observations of cosmic noise absorption (CNA) as a proxy for the precipitation. The arrival of the co‐rotating interaction region (CIR) prior to stream onset, elevates the precipitation which then peaks some 12 h after stream arrival. Precipitation continues for several days following the HSS arrival. The MLT distribution of CNA is generally consistent with the statistical pattern explained via the substorm process, though the statistical deep minimum of CNA/precipitation does change during the HSS suggesting increased precipitation in the 15–20 MLT sector. The level of precipitation is strongly controlled by the average state of the IMF BZ component on the day prior to the arrival of the stream interface. An average negative IMF BZ will produce higher CNA across all L‐shells and MLT, up to 100% higher than an average positive IMF BZ.
The metamorphic sole of New Caledonia ophiolite: 40Ar/39Ar, U‐Pb, and geochemical evidence for subduction inception at a spreading ridge
Authors: Cluzel Dominique , Jourdan Fred , Meffre Sébastien , Maurizot Pierre , Lesimple Stéphane 
Published: May 2012

Amphibolite lenses that locally crop out below the serpentinite sole at the base of the ophiolite of New Caledonia (termed Peridotite Nappe) recrystallized in the high‐temperature amphibolite facies and thus sharply contrast with blueschists and eclogites of the Eocene metamorphic complex. Amphibolites mostly display the geochemical features of MORB with a slight Nb depletion and thus are similar to the youngest (Late Paleocene–Eocene) BABB components of the allochthonous Poya Terrane. Thermochronological data from hornblende (40Ar/39Ar), zircon, and sphene (U‐Pb) suggest that these mafic rocks recrystallized at ∼56 Ma. Using various geothermobarometers provides a rough estimate of peak recrystallization conditions of ∼0.5 GPa at ∼800–950°C. The thermal gradient inferred from the metamorphic assemblage (∼60°C km−1), geometrical relationships, and geochemical similarity suggest that these mafic rocks belong to the oceanic crust of the lower plate of the subduction/obduction system and recrystallized when they subducted below young and hot oceanic lithosphere. They were detached from the down‐going plate and finally thrust onto unmetamorphosed Poya Terrane basalts. This and the occurrence of slab melts at ∼53 Ma suggest that subduction inception occurred at or near to the spreading ridge of the South Loyalty Basin at ∼56 Ma.
Adiabatic electron heating in the magnetotail current sheet: Cluster observations and analytical models
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Petrukovich A. A. , Nakamura R. , Zelenyi L. M. 
Published: May 2012

We consider the electron distribution in current sheets observed by Cluster mission in the Earth magnetotail. We use the statistics of 70 fast (less than 20 minutes) and 12 slow (more than one hour) crossings of horizontal current sheets. We demonstrate that for both types electron temperature decreases with increase of magnetic field ∣Bx∣ away from the current sheet center. We use the approximations Te⊥/Te⊥ max ≈ 1 − αT⊥(Bx/Bext)2 and Te∥/Te∥ max ≈ 1 − αT∥(Bx/Bext)2, where Bext is value of Bx in the lobes. For statistics of thin current sheets (fast crossings) we obtain mean values 〈αT⊥〉 ≈ 〈αT∥〉 ≈ 1. For thick current sheets (slow crossings) we also obtain 〈αT⊥〉 ≈ 〈αT∥〉, but 〈αT⊥〉, 〈αT∥〉 > 1. The electron temperature anisotropy is about Te∥/Te⊥ = 1.1 − 1.2 and vertical profiles Te∥/Te⊥ ≈ const. Observed vertical distributions of Te∥ and Te⊥ are described by the analytical model of electron heating in the course of the earthward convection in thin current sheets with (Bx(z), Bz(x)) and in thick current sheets with (Bx(x, z), Bz(x, z)). We also show that the observed electron temperature anisotropy is provided by the electron population in the energy range between 50 ev and 3 keV. The cold core of electron distribution (<50 eV) is isotropic and the hot tail (>5 keV) has Te∥/Te⊥ ∼ 1 or even Te∥/Te⊥ < 1. We consider electron pressure tensor in observed thin current sheets and demonstrate that electron velocity distribution is gyrotropic with high accuracy.
Relationship of Soluble RAGE and RAGE Ligands HMGB1 and EN-RAGE to Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Škrha Jr J. , Kalousová M. , Švarcová J. , Muravská A. , Kvasnička J. , Landová L. , Zima T. , Škrha J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReceptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays the essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The aim of the study was to compare concentration of soluble RAGE and its ligands (EN-RAGE and HMGB1) with different biochemical parameters in Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus.Total number of 154 persons (45 T1DM, 68 T2DM, 41 controls) was examined and concentrations of sRAGE, EN-RAGE and HMGB1 were measured and compared to diabetes control, albuminuria, cell adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases (MMPs).Mean serum sRAGE concentration was higher in T1DM as compared to controls (1137±532 ng/l vs. 824±309 ng/l, p<0.01). Similarly, EN-RAGE was significantly higher in both diabetic groups (p<0.001) and HMGB1 concentrations were elevated in T2DM patients (p<0.01). Significant relationship was found between MMP9 and HMGB1 and EN-RAGE in diabetic patients. Inverse relationship was observed between MMP2 and MMP9 in both types of diabetic patients (r= − 0.602, p<0.002 and r= − 0.771, p<0.001). Significant positive correlation was found between sRAGE and ICAM-1, VCAM-1 or vWF (p<0.01 to p<0.001).We conclude that serum sRAGE and RAGE ligands concentrations reflect endothelial dysfunction developing in diabetes.
59-jähriger Patient mit Augen- und Hautveränderungen sowie Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ewald N. , Bretzel R. 
Published: May 2012

Der 59-jähriger Patient stellte sich aufgrund eines neuaufgetretenen Diabetes
mellitus (HbA1c 6,8 %, Nüchtern-Glukose 129 mg/dl), Veränderungen
der Augen und unklarer Hautveränderung im Bereich der unteren Extremitäten
erstmalig in der Sprechstunde vor.
Die Untersuchung ergab zwei pathologische Befunde.
Bariatrischer Eingriff bei einem Patienten mit
Adipositas permagna und nicht beherrschbarer
Insulinresistenz
Authors: Haak T. , Horbach T. 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund: Bei einem 58-jährigen Mann bestand seit 21 Jahren ein Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus mit zahlreichen Folgeschäden. Es lag eine Adipositas Grad III mit einem Body-Mass-Index von 42,7 kg/m2 (190 cm, 154 kg) vor, der Bauchumfang betrug 141 cm. Nach Erschöpfung der leitlinienkonformen ambulanten konservativen Behandlung im Rahmen des Disease Management Programmes Diabetes erfolgte die Vorstellung im Fachkrankenhaus.
Untersuchungen: Die Durchbrechung der Insulinresistenz gelang auch mit differenzierten Maßnahmen nicht, letztlich war eine Blutzuckerkontrolle nur mit Insulinpumpentherapie und zusätzlicher Insulingabe zu den Mahlzeiten möglich, mit mittleren Tagesinsulinmengen von über 500 IE. Die Lebensqualität und die Möglichkeiten zu körperlicher Bewegung waren bei dem Patienten stark eingeschränkt. Im interdisziplinären Dialog wurde zusammen mit dem Patienten die Indikation entsprechend der S3-Leitlinie Adipositaschirurgie zu einer Magenbypass-Anlage gestellt.
Therapie: Zwei Wochen nach der komplikationslosen minimal invasiven Operation war der Insulinbedarf bereits auf ca. 100 IE pro Tag fraktioniert zu den Mahlzeiten zurückgegangen. Nach Rückverlegung in die Diabetesfachklinik konnte die weitere Therapieoptimierung durchgeführt werden. Drei Monate nach der Operation fand sich im Rahmen der strukturierten Nachsorge nach Magenbypass noch ein BMI von 34,3 kg/m2. Der Eingriff führte zu einer besseren Stoffwechselkontrolle sowie zu einer besseren Lebensqualität und nicht zuletzt zu einer erheblichen Kosteneinsparung in der Therapie.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Operation ist eine Ergänzung zur konservativen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen diabetologischer Schwerpunktpraxis, Fachklinik und Zentrum für metabolische Chirurgie ist sowohl für Indikationsstellung als auch Nachbehandlung essenziell.
Novel Association of Thymic Carcinoid with a Germline Mutation in a Kindred with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 (MEN1)
Authors: Khoo J. , Bee Y. , Giraud S. , Chen R.Y. , Rajasoorya C. , Teh B.-T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMultiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by a triad of endocrine (parathyroid, enteropancreatic and pituitary) tumors. Familial MEN1 is defined by one first-degree relative having at least one of these 3 main tumors, and is associated with germline mutations in the MEN1 gene on 11q13 in a large proportion of cases. MEN1 patients may also develop non-endocrine tumors, notably thymic carcinoid. These are rare tumors found predominantly in men, and are a major cause of death in MEN1 due to their insidious nature, lack of effective treatment and unpredictable recurrence. Prophylactic thymectomy has been advocated for prevention but continued surveillance for recurrence is necessary. Although genotype-phenotype correlation in MEN1-related thymic carcinoid is inconsistent, there is a high prevalence of truncating mutations in this condition. We describe a father and son with MEN1, associated with thymic carcinoid (father) and the truncating mutation R29X (son), which was not previously reported in MEN1-related thymic carcinoid, and review the literature about thymic carcinoids in MEN1. Our cases illustrate the importance of a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis and lifelong surveillance in MEN1, and the utility of genetic analysis in defining surveillance for MEN1-related thymic carcinoid.
Torsion-wagging tunneling and vibrational states in hydrazine determined from its ab initio potential energy surface
Authors: Łodyga Wiesław , Makarewicz Jan 
Published: May 2012

Geometries, anharmonic vibrations, and torsion-wagging (TW) multiplets of hydrazine and its deuterated species are studied using high-level ab initio methods employing the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) as well as the coupled cluster singles and doubles model including connected triple corrections, CCSD(T), in conjunction with extended basis sets containing diffuse and core functions. To describe the splitting patterns caused by tunneling in TW states, the 3D potential energy surface (PES) for the large-amplitude TW modes is constructed. Stationary points in the 3D PES, including equivalent local minima and saddle points are characterized. Using this 3D PES, a flexible Hamiltonian is built numerically and then employed to solve the vibrational problem for TW coupled motion. The calculated ground state rav structure is expected to be more reliable than the experimental one that has been determined using a simplified structural model. The calculated fundamental frequencies allowed resolution of the assignment problems discussed earlier in the literature. The determined energy barriers, including the contributions from the small-amplitude vibrations, to the tunneling of the symmetric and antisymmetric wagging mode of 1997 cm−1 and 3454 cm−1, respectively, are in reasonable agreement with the empirical estimates of 2072 cm−1 and 3312 cm−1, respectively [W. Łodyga et al. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 183, 374 (1997)10.1006/jmsp.1997.7271]. However, the empirical torsion barrier of 934 cm−1 appears to be overestimated. The ab initio calculations yield two torsion barriers: cis and trans of 744 cm−1 and 2706 cm−1, respectively. The multiplets of the excited torsion states are predicted from the refined 3D PES.
Assessment of Freshwater Fish Assemblages and Their Habitats in the National Park Service System of the Southeastern United States
Authors: Long James M , Nibbelink Nathan P , McAbee Kevin T , Stahli Julie W 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
The southeast region of the United States contains the highest diversity of freshwater fish species in the country: approximately 662 species. Existing protected areas like units of the National Park Service (NPS) should reflect this biodiversity, but there has been no broad-scale assessment. We compiled several data sets identifying native freshwater fish species distributions in and surrounding NPS units and threats to those resources. Focusing on the 26 NPS units containing only freshwater fish species, we documented 288 species within NPS boundaries. The largest NPS units tended to have the most fish species and aquatic habitat but also the greatest amount of alteration. Increasing rates of urbanization, declines in percentage agriculture land cover, and increased density of road–stream crossings in surrounding watersheds were good predictors of nonindigenous species presence within NPS unit boundaries. These results help document the role of NPS units in conserving freshwater fish diversity and, in this region, suggest that measures aimed at controlling urbanization in the adjacent watersheds could affect the diversity of freshwater fish communities in these units.
RESUMEN
la región sureste de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica alberga la más alta diversidad de peces de agua dulce en el país: aproximadamente 662 especies. Las áreas protegidas existentes, como las unidades del Servicio de Parques Nacionales (SPN), debieran reflejar tal diversidad, sin embargo hasta el momento no existe una evaluación de gran escala. En la presente contribución se compilan diversas bases de datos para identificar la distribución de los peces nativos dulceacuícolas en las áreas del SNPy en sus alrededores, así como también las amenazas que enfrentan dichos recursos. El estudio se concentró en 26 unidades del SNP que contienen sólo peces de agua dulce, documentando la existencia de 288 especies dentro de éstas. Las unidades más grandes del SNP tendieron a presentar la mayor cantidad de especies de peces y de habitat acuático, pero también presentaron las mayores alteraciones. Las crecientes tasas de urbanización, la reducción del porcentaje de tierra cultivada y el incremento en la densidad de drenajes para caminos rurales, resultaron ser buenos predictores de la presencia de especies foráneas dentro de los límites de las unidades. Estos resultados son útiles no sólo para documentar el papel que juegan las unidades del SNP en cuanto a la conservación de la diversidad íctica de agua dulce sino que también, en esta región, para sugerir medidas tendientes a controlar la urbanización en los cuerpos de agua adyacentes a las unidades que pudieran afectar la diversidad de peces dulceacuícolas al interior de las mismas.
First Report of Blueberry red ringspot virus Infecting Highbush Blueberry in Korea
Authors: Cho I. S. , Chung B. N. , Cho J. D. , Choi G. S. , Lim H. S. 
Published: May 2012

Blueberry red ringspot virus (BRRSV) of the Soymovirus genus in the family Caulimovididae causes red ringspot diseases in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) on leaves, stems, and fruits. The virus has been identified in the United States, Japan, Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Poland (1). In July 2010, highbush blueberry with red ringspots on leaves and circular blotches on ripening fruits was found in one plant of cv. Duke in Pyeongtaek, Korea. The symptoms were similar to red ringspot disease caused by BRRSV (3), although stems did not show any characteristic symptoms. Red ringspots on the upper surface of leaves were the most visible symptom and became more prominent as leaves matured in August through October. Leaves of the symptomatic plant were collected and tested for BRRSV infection by PCR, and were also embedded for electron microscopy. DNA was extracted from leaves using DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Primer pairs BR1512F/BR2377R (5′-ACAGGACGATTAGAAGATGG-3′/5′-CCTTTAGGGCAATATTTCTG-3′, amplifying a fragment of the coat protein region with an expected size of 865 bp) and BR2961F/BR3726R (5′-ACCGATACATCACAGTTCAC-3′/5′-TGGTTGTGATAAGATGATTCC-3′, amplifying a fragment of the reverse transcriptase region with an expected size of 766 bp) were used to amplify the indicated region of BRRV in PCR. Primers were designed on the basis of the BRRSV isolate from New Jersey (GenBank Accession No. AF404509). DNA fragments of the expected sizes were obtained from the symptomatic plant, while no amplification products were obtained from highbush blueberry without symptoms. The PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. BLAST analyses of obtained fragments revealed 91 to 98% nucleotide sequence identity with the coat protein gene (GenBank Accession No. JQ706341) and 96 to 98% nucleotide sequence identity with the reverse transcriptase gene (GenBank Accession No. JQ706340) of known BRRV isolates. Electron microscopy of thin sections revealed particles approximately 50 nm diameter within electron-dense inclusion bodies, characteristic of BRRSV (2) To our knowledge, this is the first report of BRRSV infection of highbush blueberry in Korea. Highbush blueberries are usually propagated by cutting, so BRRSV suspicious plants should be tested with PCR before they are propagated. References: (1) E. Kalinowska et al. Virus Genes. DOI 10.1007/s11262-011-0679-4, 2011. (2) K. S. Kim et al. Phytopathology 71:673, 1981. (3) M. Isogai et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 75:140, 2009.
Identification of a Skp1-Like Protein Interacting with SFB, the PollenSDeterminant of the Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility inPrunus
Authors: Matsumoto Daiki , Yamane Hisayo , Abe Kazuyuki , Tao Ryutaro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany species in Rosaceae, Solanaceae, and Plantaginaceae exhibit S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI). In this system, the pistil and pollen specificities are determined by S-RNase and the S locus F-box protein, respectively. The pollen S determinant F-box protein in Prunus (Rosaceae) is referred to by two different terms, SFB (for S-haplotype-specific F-box protein) and SLF (for S locus F box), whereas it is called SLF in Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae. Prunus SFB is thought to be a molecule indispensable for its cognate S-RNase to exert cytotoxicity and to arrest pollen tube growth in incompatible reactions. Although recent studies have demonstrated the molecular function of SCFSLF in the SI reaction of Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae, how SFB participates in the Prunus SI mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here we report the identification of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) SFB (PavSFB)-interacting Skp1-like1 (PavSSK1) using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid screening against the pollen cDNA library. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PavSSK1 belongs to the same clade as Antirrhinum hispanicum SLF-interacting Skp1-like1 and Petunia hybrida SLF-interacting Skp1-like1 (PhSSK1). In yeast, PavSSK1 interacted not only with PavSFBs from different S haplotypes and Cullin1-likes (PavCul1s), but also with S-locus F-box-likes. A pull-down assay confirmed the interactions between PavSSK1 and PavSFB and between PavSSK1 and PavCul1s. These results collectively indicate that PavSSK1 could be a functional component of the SCF complex and that PavSFB may function as a component of the SCF complex. We discuss the molecular function of PavSFB in self-/nonself-recognition in the gametophytic SI of Prunus.