bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal patterns of gut microbiota in lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer) living in intact and disturbed habitats in a novel sample type
Authors: Grieneisen Laura , Hays Allison , Cook Erica , Blekhman Ran , Tecot Stacey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiome is a plastic phenotype; gut microbial composition is highly variable across an individual host's lifetime and between host social groups, and this variation has consequences for host health. However, we do not yet fully understand how longitudinal microbial dynamics and their social drivers may be influenced by ecological stressors, such as habitat degradation. Answering these questions is difficult in most wild animal systems, as it requires long‐term collections of matched host, microbiome, and environmental trait data. To test if temporal and social influences on microbiome composition differ by the history of human disturbance, we leveraged banked, desiccated fecal samples collected over 5 months in 2004 from two ecologically distinct populations of wild, red‐bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer) that are part of a long‐term study system. We found that social group explained more variation in microbiome composition than host population membership did, and that temporal variation in common microbial taxa was similar between populations, despite differences in history of human disturbance. Furthermore, we found that social group membership and collection month were both more important than individual lemur identity. Taken together, our results suggest that synchronized environments use can lead to synchronized microbial dynamics over time, even between habitats of varying quality, and that desiccated samples could become a viable approach for studying primate gut microbiota. Our work opens the door for other projects to utilize historic biological sample data sets to answer novel temporal microbiome questions in an ecological context.
Placental cord insertion migration: Implications for ultrasound documentation and follow‐up of abnormal placental cord insertion site
Authors: Ward Samantha , Sun Zhonghua , Maresse Sharon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeIt is well‐documented in the literature that the placenta migrates during pregnancy; however, studies regarding placental cord insertion (PCI) migration are scarce. This longitudinal, prospective study aimed to determine whether PCI migration is a true phenomenon, to assess whether the PCI can change classification during pregnancy and to determine the validity of PCI site documentation including follow‐up of abnormal PCI.MethodsEighty‐three participants who had first, second and third trimester ultrasound examinations at a Western Australian private imaging practice over a 12‐month period between November 2021 and November 2022 were recruited. The measured distance of the lower margin of the placenta to the cervix, the distance of the PCI to the closest placental edge and the PCI classification were documented in each trimester. Data analysis was conducted to determine PCI migration rates during pregnancy and to test for association between PCI migration and maternal and placental factors.ResultsThe PCI migrated during pregnancy and the PCI classification has the potential to evolve. All identifiable PCIs that were normal in first trimester remained so throughout the pregnancy. The majority (67.6%) of cord insertions that were marginal in first trimester progressed to a normal insertion site by third trimester; 23.5% remained marginal and 8.8% evolved to a velamentous insertion. Three velamentous cord insertions were recorded in first trimester, none of which normalised—two remained velamentous during the pregnancy and one evolved to marginal in second trimester. Marginal cord insertions (MCIs) ≤10 mm from the placental edge in second trimester remained marginal in third trimester; MCIs that were >15 mm from the placental edge in second trimester normalised in third trimester.ConclusionsPlacental cord insertion migration is a phenomenon that occurs during pregnancy with the potential for PCI classification to evolve. Due to the association between abnormal PCI and perinatal complications, coupled with the potential for marginal cord insertion to evolve, documentation of PCI and follow‐up of abnormal PCI is beneficial, particularly in cases of velamentous insertion and marginal insertion at the placental edge or in the lower uterus.
Gray matter volume mediates the association of long‐term blood pressure variability with cognitive function in an adult population
Authors: Li Xiaoshuai , Hui Ying , Shi Huijing , Li Rui , Lv Han , Wu Yuntao , Li Jing , Zhang Shun , Liang Xiaoliang , Chen Shuohua , Zhao Pengfei , Wu Shouling , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe delineated the associations among long‐term blood pressure variability (BPV), brain structure, and cognitive function.METHODSWe included 1254 adult participants from the Kailuan study. BPV was calculated from 2006 to 2020. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were conducted in 2020.RESULTSHigher systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) were associated with lower total and frontal gray matter (GM) volume, and higher SBPV was associated with lower temporal GM volume. Elevated DBPV was associated with lower volume of total brain and parietal GM, and higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. Higher SBPV and DBPV were associated with lower MoCA scores. Decreased total and regional GM volume and increased WMH volume were associated with lower MoCA scores. The association between SBPV and cognitive function was mediated by total, frontal, and temporal GM volume.DISCUSSIONGM volume may play key roles in the association between SBPV and cognitive function.Highlights
SBPV and DBPV were negatively associated with total and regional brain volume.
SBPV and DBPV were negatively associated with cognitive function.
Decreased brain volume was associated with cognitive decline.
GM volume mediated the negative association between SBPV and cognitive function.
Efficient Capture and Low Energy Release of NH3 by Azophenol Decorated Photoresponsive Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tian Xiaoxin , Zhao Xiao , Wang Zhenzhen , Shi Yunlei , Li Zhiyong , Qiu Jikuan , Wang Huiyong , Zhang Suojiang , Wang Jianji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn NH3 capture technologies, the desorption process is usually driven by high temperature and low pressure (such as 150–200 °C under vacuum), which accounts for intensive energy consumption and CO2 emission. Developing light responsive adsorbent is promising in this regard but remains a great challenge. Here, we for the first time designed and synthesized a light responsive azophenol‐containing covalent organic framework (COF), COF‐HNU38, to address this challenge. We found that at 25 °C and 1.0 bar, the cis ‐COF exhibited a NH3 uptake capacity of 7.7 mmol g−1 and a NH3/N2 selectivity of 158. In the adsorbed NH3, about 29.0 % could be removed by vis‐light irradiated cis‐trans isomerization at 25 °C, and the remaining NH3 might be released at 25 °C under vacuum. Almost no decrease in adsorption capacity was observed after eight adsorption‐desorption cycles. As such, an efficient NH3 capture and low energy release strategy was established thanks to the multiple hydrogen bond interactions (which are strong in total but weak in individuals) between NH3 and the smart COF, as well as the increased polarity and number of hydrogen bond sites after the trans‐cis isomerization.
Simultaneously Strengthening and Toughening All‐Natural Structural Materials via 3D Nanofiber Network Interfacial Design
Authors: Yang Huai‐Bin , Zhao Xiang , Wang Quan , Ruan Yu‐Hong , Liu Zhao‐Xiang , Yue Xin , Zhu Yin Bo , Wu Heng An , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConstructing structural materials from sustainable raw materials is considered an efficient way to reduce the potential threat posed by plastics. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding combining excellent mechanical and thermal properties, especially the balance of strength and toughness. Here, we report a 3D nanofiber network interfacial design strategy to strengthen and toughen all‐natural structural materials simultaneously. The introduced protonated chitosan at the interface between the surface oxidized 3D nanonetwork of bacterial cellulose forms the interfacial interlocking structure of nanonetworks, achieving a robust physical connection and providing enough physical contact sites for chemical crosslinking. The obtained sustainable structural material successfully integrates excellent mechanical and thermal properties on the nanoscale of cellulose nanofibers, such as light weight, high strength, and superior thermal expansion coefficient. The relationship between structural design and comprehensive mechanical property improvement is analyzed in detail, providing a universal perspective to design sustainable high‐performance structural materials from nanoscale building blocks.
Electrochemical Imaging of Precisely‐Defined Redox and Reactive Interfaces
Authors: Edgecomb Joseph , Nguyen Dan Thien , Tan Shuai , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Johnson Grant E. , Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the diverse electrochemical reactions occurring at electrode‐electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is a critical challenge to developing more efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Establishing a predictive molecular‐level understanding of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is challenging due to the presence of multiple intertwined chemical and electrochemical processes occurring at battery electrodes. Similarly, chemical conversions in reactive electrochemical systems are often influenced by the heterogeneous distribution of active sites, surface defects, and catalyst particle sizes. In this mini review, we highlight an emerging field of interfacial science that isolates the impact of specific chemical species by preparing precisely‐defined EEIs and visualizing the reactivity of their individual components using single‐entity characterization techniques. We highlight the broad applicability and versatility of these methods, along with current state‐of‐the‐art instrumentation and future opportunities for these approaches to address key scientific challenges related to batteries, chemical separations, and fuel cells. We establish that controlled preparation of well‐defined electrodes combined with single entity characterization will be crucial to filling key knowledge gaps and advancing the theories used to describe and predict chemical and physical processes occurring at EEIs and accelerating new materials discovery for energy applications.
High toughness antifreeze conductive double network zwitterionic gel electrolyte for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhang Xinyu , Ji Peilong , Meng Guihua , Wu Jianning , Cui Lin , Liu Zhiyong , Tai Yanlong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlexible wearable supercapacitors based on hydrogel electrolyte are considered as flexible energy storage device with great potential. However, polymer gel electrolytes contain a large number of water molecules, which can easily freeze at sub‐zero temperatures, thus severely inhibiting ion transport. The ionic conductivity, cyclic stability and mechanical properties of gel electrolytes decrease at low temperatures (below −25°C), which seriously hinders the application of flexible wearable supercapacitors. In order to improve the mechanical properties and ensure the excellent ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, a freezing‐resistant gel electrolyte constructed by supramolecular self‐assembly, which has a wide temperature range from 25 to −80°C, stable ionic conductivity and ultra‐high mechanical strength. Low‐temperature‐resistant gel electrolytes, called flexible supercapacitor‐SBMA‐co‐PVA‐AA/CaCl2 (FSAPC), have been designed and prepared by molecular‐scale supramolecular self‐assembly of rigid [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl(3‐sulfopropyl) polymer chains and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer chains, and the test results showed that the gel electrolyte ‐SBMA‐co‐PVA‐AA/CaCl2 (PSAPC) has excellent conductivity of 34.07 mS cm−1 at 25°C, the flexible supercapacitor has a specific capacity of 8.57 Wh kg−1, and the capacity retention rate is 91.2% even after 5000 cycles at −25°C, excellent conductivity at −25°C for 31.88 mS cm−1 and at −80°C for 35.34 mS cm−1. The potential applications of the amphiphilic ionic gel electrolyte in the industrial development of low‐temperature resistant supercapacitors are noteworthy.
From masks to muscles: Mapping facial structure of Nycticebus
Authors: Weldon A. , Burrows A. M. , Wirdateti W. , Nugraha T. P. , Supriatna N. , Smith Timothy D. , Nekaris K. A. I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFacial musculature in mammals underlies mastication and nonverbal communicative facial displays. Our understanding of primate facial expression comes primarily from haplorrhines (monkeys and apes), while our understanding of strepsirrhine (lemurs and lorises) facial expression remains incomplete. We examined the facial muscles of six specimens from three Nycticebus species (Nycticebus coucang, Nycticebus javanicus, and Nycticebus menagensis) using traditional dissection methodology and novel three‐dimensional facial scanning to produce a detailed facial muscle map, and compared these results to another nocturnal strepsirrhine genus, the greater bushbaby (Otolemur spp.). We observed 19 muscles with no differences among Nycticebus specimens. A total of 17 muscles were observed in both Nycticebus and Otolemur, with little difference in attachment and function but some difference in directionality of movement. In the oral region, we note the presence of the depressor anguli oris, which has been reported in other primate species but is absent in Otolemur. The remaining muscle is a previously undescribed constrictor nasalis muscle located on the lateral nasal alar region, likely responsible for constriction of the nares. We propose this newly described muscle may relate to vomeronasal organ functioning and the importance of the use of nasal musculature in olfactory communication. We discuss how this combined methodology enabled imaging of small complex muscles. We further discuss how the facial anatomy of Nycticebus spp. relates to their unique physiology and behavioral ecology.
Advanced Molecular Layer Deposition of SixZnyOz Thin Film Coatings for Improved Electrochemical Performance of NMC811
Authors: Akella Sri Harsha , Mukherjee Ayan , Lidor‐Shalev Ortal , Bashkurov Roman , Wang Yang , Buchine Isaac , Wang Longlong , Zysler Melina , Ejgenberg Michal , Kravchuk Tatyana , Kozen Alexander C. , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Apeloig Yitzhak , Lee Sang Bok , Fan Xiulin , Leskes Michal , Noked Malachi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe practical realization of Nickel‐rich layered oxide cathode materials such as LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is hampered by several structural and interfacial instabilities over prolonged cycling. Several reports have proposed surface passivation via an artificial cathode electrolyte interphase (ACEI) as a promising method for mitigating the parasitic reactions affecting NMC811 while simultaneously improving its electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling. Herein, we report an in‐house designed (tBuMe2Si)2Zn single source precursor for developing SixZnyOz ternary CEI thin films on NMC811 via molecular layer deposition (MLD) in combination with O3 or H2O as oxidizing agent. We demonstrate that the single precursor (tBuMe2Si)2Zn avoids the need for two different precursors (Si & Zn). In‐depth spectroscopic studies reveal the mechanism of the formation of organosiloxane/zinc‐oxide composite thin film, via intermediates of unprecedented organo‐silicon‐zinc compounds. Understanding the reaction mechanism paved the path for a successful deposition of ACEI on NMC811. Rate capability studies shows the ACEI protected cathodes exhibit higher discharge capacity at 4 C than pristine NMC811. Furthermore, studies on full cells with graphite anode were conducted to evaluate the practical viability of SixZnyOz ACEI thin films on NMC811. After prolonged cycling the ACEI‐coated NMC811 full cells significantly improved the electrochemical performance than pristine NMC811 by ~12%.
Interplay between altered metabolism and DNA damage and repair in ovarian cancer
Authors: Uboveja Apoorva , Aird Katherine M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and is often associated with both DNA repair deficiency and extensive metabolic reprogramming. While still emerging, the interplay between these pathways can affect ovarian cancer phenotypes, including therapeutic resistance to the DNA damaging agents that are standard‐of‐care for this tumor type. In this review, we will discuss what is currently known about cellular metabolic rewiring in ovarian cancer that may impact DNA damage and repair in addition to highlighting how specific DNA repair proteins also promote metabolic changes. We will also discuss relevant data from other cancers that could be used to inform ovarian cancer therapeutic strategies. Changes in the choice of DNA repair mechanism adopted by ovarian cancer are a major factor in promoting therapeutic resistance. Therefore, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on DNA repair mechanisms in ovarian cancer has major clinical implications for targeted combination therapies for the treatment of this devastating disease.
Assessment of post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 fatigue among physicians working in COVID‐designated hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan A. T. M. Hasibul , Khan Nusrat , Munna Nazmul Hoque , Choton Wahidur Rahman , Arefin Mostofa Kamal , Khan Mohammad Abdullah Az Zubayer , Mansur Mohaimen , Hassan Rashedul , Arefin Muhammad Shamsul , Afroze Nayema , Nuzhat Elham , Islam Muhammad Sougatul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFatigue has been observed after the outbreaks of several infectious diseases around the world. To explore the fatigue level among physicians working in COVID‐19‐designated hospitals in Bangladesh, a matched case‒control study was conducted on post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 fatigue.MethodIn this study, 105 physicians diagnosed with COVID‐19 who were declared cured at least 6 weeks before the interview date were recruited as cases, and the same number of age‐ and designation‐matched healthy physicians were recruited as controls from the same hospital at a 1:1 ratio. Diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection was confirmed by detection of SARS CoV‐2 antigen by RT‒PCR from reference laboratories in Bangladesh or by HRCT chest.ResultApproximately two‐thirds of the physicians were male (67.6% vs. 32.4%). More than 80% of them were younger than 40 years. The cases had a significantly greater number of comorbid conditions. The fatigue severity scale (FSS) score (mean) was much higher for cases (36.7 ± 5.3 vs. 19.3 ± 3.8) than for the control group, with a statistically significant difference. Similarly, approximately 67.7% of the previously COVID‐19‐positive physicians were in the highest FSS score tertile compared to the respondents in the control group, who had a mean score of <3.ConclusionPhysicians who had a previous history of COVID‐19 infection had significantly higher total and mean FSS scores, signifying a more severe level of fatigue than physicians who had never been COVID‐19 positive while working in the same hospital irrespective of their age and sex.
Elucidating the pivotal molecular mechanisms, therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of lithium in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Richard Seidu A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to damage to brain tissue by mechanical or blunt force via trauma. TBI is often associated with impaired cognitive abilities, like difficulties in memory, learning, attention, and other higher brain functions, that typically remain for years after the injury. Lithium is an elementary light metal that is only utilized in salt form due to its high intrinsic reactivity. This current review discusses the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic and neuroprotective effects of lithium in TBI.MethodThe “Boolean logic” was used to search for articles on the subject matter in PubMed and PubMed Central, as well as Google Scholar.ResultsLithium's therapeutic action is extremely complex, involving multiple effects on gene secretion, neurotransmitter or receptor‐mediated signaling, signal transduction processes, circadian modulation, as well as ion transport. Lithium is able to normalize multiple short‐ as well as long‐term modifications in neuronal circuits that ultimately result in disparity in cortical excitation and inhibition activated by TBI. Also, lithium levels are more distinct in the hippocampus, thalamus, neo‐cortex, olfactory bulb, amygdala as well as the gray matter of the cerebellum following treatment of TBI.ConclusionLithium attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal toxicity as well as protects the brain from edema, hippocampal neurodegeneration, loss of hemispheric tissues, and enhanced memory as well as spatial learning after TBI.
Fast constrained optimization for cloth simulation parameters from static drapes
Authors: Ju Eunjung , Shim Eungjune , Kim Kwang‐yun , Yoon Sungjin , Choi Myung Geol 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present a cloth simulation parameter estimation method that integrates the flexibility of global optimization with the speed of neural networks. While global optimization allows for varied designs in objective functions and specifying the range of optimization variables, it requires thousands of objective function evaluations. Each evaluation, which involves a cloth simulation, is computationally demanding and impractical time‐wise. On the other hand, neural network learning methods offer quick estimation results but face challenges such as the need for data collection, re‐training when input data formats change, and difficulties in setting constraints on variable ranges. Our proposed method addresses these issues by replacing the simulation process, typically necessary for objective function evaluations in global optimization, with a neural network for inference. We demonstrate that, once an estimation model is trained, optimization for various objective functions becomes straightforward. Moreover, we illustrate that it is possible to achieve optimization results that reflect the intentions of expert users through visualization of a wide optimization space and the use of range constraints.