bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Intra‐Skeletal Calcite on the Preservation of Coral Geochemistry and Implications for Paleoclimate Reconstruction
Authors: Weerabaddana Mudith M. , Thompson Diane M. , Reed Emma V. , Farfan Gabriela A. , Kirk Jason D. , Kojima Alice C. , Dettman David L. , de Brum Kalena , Kabua Emma , Edwards Florence 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe geochemistry of tropical coral skeletons is widely used in paleoclimate reconstructions. However, sub‐aerially exposed corals may be affected by diagenesis, altering the aragonite skeleton through partial dissolution, or infilling of secondary minerals like calcite. We analyzed the impact of intra‐skeletal calcite on the geochemistry (δ18O, Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, Li/Mg, Li/Ca, U/Ca, B/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mn/Ca) of a sub‐aerially exposed Porites sp. coral. Each micro‐milled coral sample was split into two aliquots for geochemistry and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to quantify the direct impact of calcite on geochemistry. We modified the sample loading technique for XRD to detect low calcite levels (1%–2%; total uncertainty = 0.33%, 2σ) in small samples (∼7.5 mg). Calcite content ranged from 0% to 12.5%, with higher percentages coinciding with larger geochemical offsets. Sr/Ca, Li/Mg, Li/Ca, and δ18O‐derived sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies per 1% calcite were +0.43°C, +0.24°C, +0.11°C, and +0.008°C, respectively. A 3.6% calcite produces a Sr/Ca‐SST signal commensurate with local SST seasonality (∼1.5°C), which we propose as the cut‐off level for screening calcite diagenesis in paleo‐temperature reconstructions. Inclusion of intra‐skeletal calcite decreases B/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca values, and increases Mg/Ca values, and can therefore impact reconstructions of paleoclimate and the carbonate chemistry of the semi‐isolated calcifying fluid in corals. This study emphasizes the importance of quantifying fine‐scale calcite diagenesis to identify coral preservation levels and assure robust paleoclimate reconstructions.
IGF2BP2 regulates the inflammation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via GSTM5 in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nan Yunyi , Chen Minhao , Wu Weijie , Huang Rongrong , Sun Weiwei , Lu Qian , Gu Zhifeng , Mao Xingxing , Xu Hua , Wang Youhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unknown etiology. RA cannot be fully cured and requires lengthy treatment, imposing a significant burden on both individuals and society. Due to the lack of specific drugs available for treating RA, exploring a key new therapeutic target for RA is currently an important task. Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a crucial role in the progression of RA, which release interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α resulting in abnormal inflammatory reaction in the synovium. A previous study has highlighted the correlation of m6A reader insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) with inflammation-related diseases in human. However, the role of IGF2BP2 in the inflammatory reaction of FLSs during RA progression has not been assessed. In this study, IGF2BP2 expression was decreased in the synovial tissues of RA patients and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Intra-articular injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector overexpressing IGF2BP2 relieved paw swelling, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage destruction in CIA rats. IGF2BP2 overexpression also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) migration and invasion accompanied by a decreased level of inflammatory factors in vitro. Conversely, IGF2BP2 suppression promoted RA-FLSs migration and invasion with an elevated level of inflammatory factors in vitro. The sequencing result showed that glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (GSTM5), a key antioxidant gene, was the target mRNA of IGF2BP2. Further experiments demonstrated that IGF2BP2 strengthened the stability of GSTM5 mRNA, leading to weakened inflammatory reaction and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 (MMP9, MMP13). Therefore, IGF2BP2-GSTM5 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for RA treatment.
Utility of next generation sequencing in paediatric neurological disorders: experience from South Africa
Authors: van Niekerk Magriet , Moosa Shahida , van Toorn Ronald , Solomons Regan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS)-based tests have become routine first-line investigative modalities in paediatric neurology clinics in many high-income countries (HICs). Studies from these countries show that these tests are both cost-effective and reliable in diagnosing many complex childhood neurological diseases. However, NGS-based testing in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited due to affordability constraints. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and impact of targeted gene panel sequencing in a selected paediatric cohort attending a tertiary paediatric neurology clinic in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This retrospective study included 124 consecutive paediatric patients with neurological disease, aged 6 weeks to 17 years, referred for NGS-based multi-gene panel testing over a 41-month period. Twenty-four different disease group-specific panels were utilized. A caregiver experience questionnaire was administered when a pathogenic variant was identified. The overall study diagnostic yield (DY) was 45% (56/124 patients). The diagnostic yield in this study is similar to previously reported paediatric cohorts in HICs. The high yields for neuromuscular disorders (52%) and early epileptic encephalopathies (41%) suggest that NGS-based panels may be more cost-effective as first-line testing in well-defined phenotypes. The latter finding argues for early inclusion of all children with developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEE), as early diagnosis leads to better treatment and avoidance of unnecessary investigations.
Biallelic loss of function variants in FUZ result in an orofaciodigital syndrome
Authors: Singh Swati , Nampoothiri Sheela , Narayanan Dhanya Lakshmi , Chaudhry Chakshu , Salvankar Sandesh , Girisha Katta M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrofaciodigital syndrome is a distinctive subtype of skeletal ciliopathies. Disease-causing variants in the genes encoding the CPLANE complex result in a wide variety of skeletal dysplasia with disturbed ciliary functions. The phenotypic spectrum includes orofaciodigital syndrome and short rib polydactyly syndrome. FUZ, as a part of the CPLANE complex, is involved in intraflagellar vesicular trafficking within primary cilia. Previously, the variants, c.98_111+9del and c.851G>T in FUZ were identified in two individuals with a skeletal ciliopathy, manifesting digital anomalies (polydactyly, syndactyly), orofacial cleft, short ribs and cardiac defects. Here, we present two novel variants, c.601G>A and c.625_636del in biallelic state, in two additional subjects exhibiting phenotypic overlap with the previously reported cases. Our findings underscore the association between biallelic loss of function variants in FUZ and skeletal ciliopathy akin to orofaciodigital syndrome.
HER2-targeting CAR-T cells show highly efficient anti-tumor activity against glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Xueying , Zhao Lifen , Li Wenzhe , Gao Peng , Zhang Nianzhu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options for GBM include surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, which predominantly slow cancer growth and reduce symptoms, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of no more than 10%. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new class of cellular immunotherapy that has made great progress in treating malignant tumors. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in GBM and may provide a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment. In this study, we constructed third-generation CAR-T cells targeting the HER2 antigen in GBM. HER2-CAR-T cells showed effective anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HER2-specific CAR-T cells exhibited strong cytotoxicity and cytokine-secreting abilities against GBM cells in vitro. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells also exhibited increased cytotoxicity with increasing effector-to-target ratios. Anti-HER2 CAR-T cells delivered via peritumoral injection successfully stunted tumor progression in vivo. Moreover, peritumoral intravenous administration of anti-HER2 CAR-T cells resulted in therapeutic improvement against GBM cells compared with intravenous administration. In conclusion, our study shows that HER2 CAR-T cells represent an emerging immunotherapy for treating GBM.
A global dataset of terrestrial evapotranspiration and soil moisture dynamics from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Kun , Chen Huiling , Ma Ning , Shang Shasha , Wang Yunquan , Xu Qinglin , Zhu Gaofeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantifying terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture dynamics accurately is crucial for understanding the global water cycle and surface energy balance. We present a novel, long-term dataset of global ET and soil moisture derived from the newly developed Simple Terrestrial Hydrosphere model, version 2 (SiTHv2). This ecohydrological model, driven by multi-source satellite observations and hydrometeorological variables from reanalysis data, provides daily global ET-related estimates (e.g., total ET, plant transpiration, soil evaporation, intercepted evaporation) and three-layer soil moisture dynamics at a 0.1° spatial resolution. Validation with in-situ measurements and comparisons with mainstream global ET and soil moisture products demonstrate robust performance of SiTHv2 in both magnitude and temporal dynamics of ET and soil moisture at multiple scales. The comprehensive water path characterization in the SiTHv2 model makes this seamless dataset particularly valuable for studies requiring synchronized water budget and vegetation response to water constraints. With its long-term coverage and high spatiotemporal resolution, the SiTHv2-derived ET and soil moisture product will be suitable to support analyses related to the hydrologic cycle, drought assessment, and ecosystem health.
Binary dataset for machine learning applications to tropical cyclone formation prediction
Authors: Kieu Chanh , Nguyen Quan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApplications of machine learning (ML) in atmospheric science have been rapidly growing. To facilitate the development of ML models for tropical cyclone (TC) research, this binary dataset contains a specific customization of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/final analysis (FNL) data, in which key environmental conditions relevant to TC formation are extracted for a range of lead times (0–72 hours) during 1999–2023. The dataset is designed as multi-channel images centered on TC formation locations, with a positive and negative directory structure that can be readily read from any ML applications or common data interface. With its standard structure, this dataset provides users with a unique opportunity to conduct ML application research on TC formation as well as related predictability at different forecast lead times.
A point-of-use drinking water quality dataset from fieldwork in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Schubert Alyssa , Harrison Jacob , Kent-Buchanan Linda , Bonds Victor , McElmurry Shawn P. , Love Nancy G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrinking water quality sensor technology has rapidly advanced, facilitating the collection of rich datasets and real-time analytics. However, sensors have not yet been widely applied to monitor drinking water quality in premise plumbing. Richer quality of data in premise plumbing offers an improved understanding of the quality of drinking water present at the point-of-use. In this paper, online drinking water quality sensor nodes were temporarily installed in twenty-four homes in Detroit, Michigan. The water quality sensor nodes took measurements of five drinking water quality parameters every five minutes for four weeks. Additionally, free chlorine and lead were sampled periodically within each home. Together, these data make up a dataset that captures drinking water quality over time in a legacy city with an oversized drinking water system. This dataset offers more frequent measurements amongst more sample homes than are typically available in premise plumbing or at the tap. The data can be used to investigate temporal trends in drinking water quality, including diurnal patterns and anomaly detection. Additionally, this dataset could be utilized to evaluate water quality in comparison with other cities.
Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Al-asbahi Morad G. S. S. , Al-Ofiry Bashir A. , Saad Fuad A. A. , Alnehia Adnan , Al-Gunaid Murad Q. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe biosynthesis of nanoparticles offers numerous advantages, including ease of production, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In our research, we focused on the bioformation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a combination of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth. These AgNPs were then evaluated for their biological activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our study involved the isolation of Bacillus sp. from soil samples and Lactobacillus sp. from raw milk in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial properties of the AgNPs were assessed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results demonstrated that the use of a bacterial mixture for biosynthesis led to faster and more effective production of AgNPs compared to using a single bacterium. The UV–visible spectra showed characteristic peaks indicative of silver nanoparticles, while XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized particles. FTIR results suggested the presence of capping proteins that contribute to the synthesis and stability of AgNPs. Furthermore, TEM images revealed the size and morphology of the AgNPs, which exhibited spherical shapes with sizes ranging from 4.65 to 22.8 nm. Notably, the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was found to be more pronounced against Staphylococcus aureus than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents. Overall, our study highlights the promising antibacterial properties of AgNPs synthesized by a mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of utilizing different bacterial combinations for enhanced nanoparticle synthesis.
The proteomic profile is altered but not repaired after bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes pigs
Authors: Ferenc Karolina , Marcinkowski Michał , Olszewski Jarosław , Kowalczyk Paweł , Pilžys Tomaš , Garbicz Damian , Dib Naser , Świderska Bianka , Matyba Piotr , Gajewski Zdzisław , Grzesiuk Elżbieta , Zabielski Romuald 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo reveal the sources of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans, animal models, mainly rodents, have been used. Here, we propose a pig model of T2D. Weaned piglets were fed high fat/high sugar diet suppling 150% of metabolizable energy. Measurements of weight gain, blood morphology, glucose plasma levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) were employed to observe T2D development. The histology and mass spectrometry analyses were made post mortem. Within 6 months, the high fat-high sugar (HFHS) fed pigs showed gradual and significant increase in plasma triglycerides and glucose levels in comparison to the controls. Using OGTT test, we found stable glucose intolerance in 10 out of 14 HFHS pigs. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated significant changes in 330 proteins in the intestine, liver, and pancreas of the HFHS pigs. These pigs showed also an increase in DNA base modifications and elevated level of the ALKBH proteins in the tissues. Six diabetic HFHS pigs underwent Scopinaro bariatric surgery restoring glycaemia one month after surgery. In conclusion, a high energy diet applied to piglets resulted in the development of hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes being reversed by a bariatric procedure, excluding the proteomic profile utill one month after the surgery.
Deer activity levels and patterns vary along gradients of food availability and anthropogenic development
Authors: Delisle Zackary J. , Sample Richard D. , Caudell Joe N. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnimal activity reflects behavioral decisions that depend upon environmental context. Prior studies typically estimated activity distributions within few areas, which has limited quantitative assessment of activity changes across environmental gradients. We examined relationships between two response variables, activity level (fraction of each day spent active) and pattern (distribution of activity across a diel cycle) of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), with four predictors—deer density, anthropogenic development, and food availability from woody twigs and agriculture. We estimated activity levels and patterns with cameras in 48 different 10.36-km2landscapes across three larger regions. Activity levels increased with greater building density, likely due to heightened anthropogenic disturbance, but did not vary with food availability. In contrast, activity patterns responded to an interaction between twigs and agriculture, consistent with a functional response in habitat use. When agricultural land was limited, greater woody twig density was associated with reduced activity during night and evening. When agricultural land was plentiful, greater woody twig density was associated with more pronounced activity during night and evening. The region with the highest activity level also experienced the most deer-vehicle collisions. We highlight how studies of spatial variation in activity expand ecological insights on context-dependent constraints that affect wildlife behavior.
Cancer incidence and digital information seeking in Germany: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Wecker Hannah , Maier Daniel , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Fox Fabienne A. U. , Erhard Ian , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Zink Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAwareness is vital for cancer prevention. US studies show a strong link between web searches and cancer incidence. In Europe, the relationship remains unclear. This study characterizes regional and temporal relationships between cancer incidence and web searches and investigates the content of searches related to breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, prostate, and testicular cancer, brain tumors, and melanoma in Germany (July 2018–December 2019). Aggregate data from Google Ads Keyword Planner and national cancer registry data were analyzed. Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rS) examined associations between cancer incidence and web search, repeated measures correlation (rrm) assessed time trends and searches were qualitatively categorized. The frequency of malignancy-related web searches correlated with cancer incidence (rS = 0.88, P = 0.007), e.g., breast cancer had more queries than the lower-incidence cervical cancer. Seasonally, incidence and searches followed similar patterns, peaking in spring and fall, except for melanoma. Correlations between entity incidence and searches (0.037 ≤ rrm ≤ 0.208) varied regionally. Keywords mainly focused on diagnosis, symptoms, and general information, with variations between entities. In Germany, web searches correlated with regional and seasonal incidence, revealing differences between North/East and South/West. These insights may help improve prevention strategies by identifying regional needs and assessing impact of awareness campaigns.
Functional alterations of the brain default mode network and somatosensory system in trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Wang Zairan , Zhao Zijun , Song Zihan , Xu Jiayi , Wang Yizheng , Zhao Zongmao , Li Yongning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMapping the localization of the functional brain regions in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients is still lacking. The study aimed to explore the functional brain alterations and influencing factors in TN patients using functional brain imaging techniques. All participants underwent functional brain imaging to collect resting-state brain activity. The significant differences in regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low frequency (ALFF) between the TN and control groups were calculated. After familywise error (FWE) correction, the differential brain regions in ReHo values between the two groups were mainly located in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral inferior cerebellum, right superior orbital frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left gyrus rectus. The differential brain regions in ALFF values between the two groups were mainly located in the left triangular inferior frontal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right supramarginal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. With the functional impairment of the central pain area, the active areas controlling memory and emotion also change during the progression of TN. There may be different central mechanisms in TN patients of different sexes, affected sides, and degrees of nerve damage. The exact central mechanisms remain to be elucidated.