bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic targeting: past, present, and future
Authors: Crystal David 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to explicate the notion of “semantics”, especially as it is being used in the context of the internet in general and advertising in particular.Design/methodology/approachThe conception of semantics as it evolved within linguistics is placed in its historical context. In the field of online advertising, it shows the limitations of keyword‐based approaches and those where a limited amount of context is taken into account (contextual advertising). A more sophisticated notion of semantic targeting is explained, in which the whole page is taken into account in arriving at a semantic categorization. This is achieved through a combination of lexicological analysis and a purpose‐built semantic taxonomy.FindingsThe combination of a lexical analysis (derived from a dictionary) and a taxonomy (derived from a general encyclopedia, and subsequently refined) resulted in the construction of a “sense engine”, which was then applied to online advertising, Examples of the application illustrate how relevance and sensitivity (brand protection) of ad placement can be improved. Several areas of potential further application are outlined.Originality/valueThis is the first systematic application of linguistics to provide a solution to the problem of inappropriate ad placement online.
Integration of distributed terminology resources to facilitate subject cross‐browsing for library portal systems
Authors: Eric Si Libo , O'Brien Ann , Probets Steve 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to develop a prototype middleware framework between different terminology resources in order to provide a subject cross‐browsing service for library portal systems.Design/methodology/approachNine terminology experts were interviewed to collect appropriate knowledge to support the development of a theoretical framework for the research. Based on this, a simplified software‐based prototype system was constructed incorporating the knowledge acquired. The prototype involved mappings between the computer science schedule of the Dewey Decimal Classification (which acted as a spine) and two controlled vocabularies, UKAT and ACM Computing Classification. Subsequently, six further experts in the field were invited to evaluate the prototype system and provide feedback to improve the framework.FindingsThe major findings showed that, given the large variety of terminology resources distributed throughout the web, the proposed middleware service is essential to integrate technically and semantically the different terminology resources in order to facilitate subject cross‐browsing. A set of recommendations are also made, outlining the important approaches and features that support such a cross‐browsing middleware service.Originality/valueCross‐browsing features are lacking in current library portal meta‐search systems. Users are therefore deprived of this valuable retrieval provision. This research investigated the case for such a system and developed a prototype to fill this gap.
Semantic metadata annotation: tagging Medline abstracts for enhanced information access
Authors: Ibekwe‐SanJuan Fidelia 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe object of this study is to develop methods for automatically annotating the argumentative role of sentences in scientific abstracts. Working from Medline abstracts, sentences were classified into four major argumentative roles: objective, method, result, and conclusion. The idea is that, if the role of each sentence can be marked up, then these metadata can be used during information retrieval to seek particular types of information such as novelty, conclusions, methodologies, aims/goals of a scientific piece of work.Design/methodology/approachTwo approaches were tested: linguistic cues and positional heuristics. Linguistic cues are lexico‐syntactic patterns modelled as regular expressions implemented in a linguistic parser. Positional heuristics make use of the relative position of a sentence in the abstract to deduce its argumentative class.FindingsThe experiments showed that positional heuristics attained a much higher degree of accuracy on Medline abstracts with an F‐score of 64 per cent, whereas the linguistic cues only attained an F‐score of 12 per cent. This is mostly because sentences from different argumentative roles are not always announced by surface linguistic cues.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation to the study was the inability to test other methods to perform this task such as machine learning techniques which have been reported to perform better on Medline abstracts. Also, to compare the results of the study with earlier studies using Medline abstracts, the different argumentative roles present in Medline had to be mapped on to four major argumentative roles. This may have favourably biased the performance of the sentence classification by positional heuristics.Originality/valueTo the best of one's knowledge, this study presents the first instance of evaluating linguistic cues and positional heuristics on the same corpus.
Faceted classification for museum artefacts
Authors: Ménard Elaine , Mas Sabine , Alberts Inge 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis research project aims to provide a new visual representation of the Artefacts Canada digital collection, as well as a means for users to browse this content. Artefacts Canada Humanities is a database containing approximately 3.5 million records describing the different collections of Canadian museums.Design/methodology/approachA four‐step methodology was adopted for the development of the faceted taxonomy model. First, a best practice review consisting of an extensive analysis of existing terminology standards in museum communities and public web interfaces of large cultural organizations was performed. The second step of the methodology entailed a domain analysis; this involved extracting and comparing relevant concepts from terminological authoritative sources. The third step proceeded to term clustering and entity listing,which involved the breaking‐up of the taxonomy domains into potential facets. An incremental user testing was also realized in order to validate and refine the taxonomy components (facets, values, and relationships).FindingsThe project resulted in a bilingual and expandable vocabulary structure that will further be used to describe the Artefacts Canada database records. The new taxonomy simplifies the representation of complex content by grouping objects into similar facets to classify all records of the Artefacts Canada database. The user‐friendly bilingual taxonomy provides worldwide visitors with the means to better access Canadian virtual museum collections.Originality/valueFew methodological tools are available for museums which wish to adopt a faceted approach in the development of their web sites. For practitioners, the methodology developed within this project is a direct contribution to support web site development of large cultural organizations.
Influence of pocket‐size on misaligned hole‐entry journal bearing
Authors: Sharma Satish , Jain Satish , Sharana Basavaraja J. , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: August 2010

PurposeHole‐entry hybrid journal bearings are widely used in many applications owing to their favourable characteristics. Ever increasing technological developments demand much improved performance from these class of bearings operating under the most stringent, exact and precise conditions. Therefore, it becomes imperative that the hole‐entry journal bearings be designed on the basis of more accurately predicted bearing characteristics data. The purpose of this paper is to describe a theoretical study to demonstrate the combined influence of the effect of pocket size at the outlet of supply holes and the journal misalignment on the performance of an orifice compensated hole‐entry hybrid journal bearing system.Design/methodology/approachFinite element method is used to solve the Reynolds equation governing the flow of an incompressible lubricant in the clearance space between the journal and bearing together with equation of flow through an orifice. The journal misalignment has been accounted for by defining a pair of misalignment parameters sigma and delta. The effect of pocket size at the outlet of supply holes has been accounted by defining a non‐dimensional parameter which is function of diameter of pocket and journal diameter.FindingsThe results presented in this paper indicate that the effect of journal misalignment is, in general, to cause a reduction in bearing dynamic characteristics parameters whereas the effect of pocket size is to slightly compensate this loss. Performance of a two lobe four recessed journal bearing, a proper selection of bearing offset factor along with type of restrictor (capillary or orifice) is essential.Originality/valueThis paper presents valuable data relating to hole‐entry hybrid journal bearings useful for bearing designers.
Tribological and physical‐chemical properties of aqueous solutions of cationic surfactants
Authors: Sulek Marian , Wasilewski Tomasz , Zieba Malgorzata 
Published: August 2010

PurposeModern cutting fluids often are real aqueous solutions of chemical compounds. That form of cutting fluid is simpler in preparation, as compared to emulsions and microemulsions. The water base is a good cooling medium of high‐ecological value. The purpose of this paper is to discover water‐soluble additives that could improve the lubricity of water.Design/methodology/approachThree cationic surfactants were chosen to be analyzed. Their tribological properties were verified using two testers: T0‐2 (four‐ball machine) and T‐11 (ball‐on‐disk). The results of the tests performed using friction couples made of steel (T0‐2, T‐11) and steel‐ceramics (T‐11) were satisfactory.FindingsThe friction coefficients and wear scar diameters are even a few times smaller, as compared to the ones measured in a water environment.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that the crucial role in improvement of the tribological properties is played by the surface activity of the additives (confirmed by the measurements of the surface tension and wetting angle). As the cationic surfactants are bactericidal and anti‐corrosive, they can be classified as multi‐purpose additives modifying water lubricity.
Oil analysis and application based on multi‐characteristic integration
Authors: Yanchun Xia , Yafei He , Hua Huo 
Published: August 2010

PurposeIn order to find the relationship between operation machine status and oil monitoring information, the oil monitoring information characteristics abstraction and fault diagnostic system is established. The purpose of this paper is to find an effective method to monitor and diagnose the machine running status, and consequently, serve the industry.Design/methodology/approachThe operation status information of equipments is obtained through applying the methods of statistical, trend, entropy and clustering characteristics as a whole; and the multi‐characteristic integration method is established based on the existing literature, industry practices and oil characteristic analysis.FindingsUsing multi‐characteristic integration method, an oil monitoring and diagnostic system is established based on the above status information. This multi‐characteristic integration method is applied to D‐100/8 air compressor sets in the status monitoring project of a shipbuilding company. The analysis conclusions of the operation status can be obtained promptly and accurately by the method, and can provide guidance for the equipment maintenance.Originality/valueA novel comprehensive oil monitoring data processing method are presented in this paper, which can scientifically distill latent laws among the monitoring information and detect accurately the measurement index of the fault states and abnormity data.
Robotics innovations at the 2009 Assembly Technology Expo
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the robots at the Assembly Technology Expo. Assembly Expo is the feature show, which is combined with five other manufacturing shows at the same time at the same venue in Chicago.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews with exhibitors of robots, system integrators as well as suppliers of robot‐related components such as end‐of‐arm‐tooling.FindingsSmaller, even nano‐precision‐sized robots are becoming more available as the range of applications ever increases.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that users who investigated robot solutions in the past and found they did not meet application requirements may find it is time to revisit robotics. Robot builders and system integrators are providing more suitable solutions that can better address application needs in a more cost‐effective manner than ever before.
Improving ability of tele‐operators to complete progressively more difficult mobile robot paths using simple expert systems and ultrasonic sensors
Authors: Sanders David A. , Graham‐Jones Jasper , Gegov Alexander 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the use of simple expert systems to improve the performance of tele‐operated mobile robots and ultrasonic sensor systems. The expert systems interpret data from the joystick and sensors and identify potentially hazardous situations and then recommend safe courses of action so that tele‐operated mobile‐robot tasks can be completed more quickly.Design/methodology/approachThe speed of a tele‐operator in completing progressively more complicated driving tasks is investigated while using a simple expert system. Tele‐operators were timed completing a series of tasks using a joystick to control a mobile robot through a simple expert system that assisted them with driving the robot while using ultrasonic sensors to avoid obstacles. They either watched the robot while operating it or sat at a computer and viewed scenes remotely on a screen from a camera mounted on the robot. Tele‐operators completed tests with the simple expert system and the sensors connected. The system used an umbilical cable to connect to the robot.FindingsThe simple expert systems consistently performed faster than the other systems. Results are compared with the most recently published results and show a significant improvement. In addition, in simple environments, tele‐operators performed better without a sensor system to assist them but in more complicated environments than tele‐operators performed better with the sensor systems to assist.Research limitations/implicationsSimple expert systems are shown to improve the operation of a tele‐operated mobile robot with an obstacle avoidance systems fitted.Practical implicationsTele‐operated systems rely heavily on visual feedback and experienced operators. This paper investigates how to make tasks easier. Simple expert systems are shown to improve the operation of a tele‐operated mobile robot. The paper also suggests that the amount of sensor support should be varied depending on circumstances.Originality/valueThe simple expert systems are shown in this paper to improve the operation of a tele‐operated mobile robot. Tele‐operators completed tests with the simple expert system and the sensors connected. The results are compared with a tele‐operator driving a mobile robot without any assistance from the expert systems or sensors and they show a significant improvement.
Development of a flexible AGV for flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: Martinez‐Barbera Humberto , Herrero‐Perez David 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to describe the design and development of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) that incorporates artificial intelligence techniques to increase its autonomy and flexibility. The aim is developing a flexible AGV that operates as a flexible material handling system (MHS) in dynamic industrial environments.Design/methodology/approachIntroduces the entire on‐board control system including hardware and software designs. The sensory system consists of a laser navigation system for localisation and a security laser scanner for sensing the environment. The software architecture is instantiated in a CPU that is connected to low level controllers through a CAN bus. Simplicity, flexibility, robustness and safety were concerned in the design process.FindingsThe developed prototype is able to operate in partially structured and dynamic environments, is easily configured using an approximated description of the workplace and is able to adapt when slight floor layout modifications. This development shows that current technology permits introducing intelligent vehicles in complex manufacturing systems.Practical implicationsThe prototype is successfully tested in a real factory, operating as a flexible MHS, transporting pallets between production and storage lines.Originality/valueA novel flexible AGV is designed and developed to operate as a flexible MHS in dynamic industrial environments. The system satisfies the safety and robustness requirements of industrial applications. The flexible MHS results especially suitable for manufacturing systems that suffers from cyclic and seasonal variations and for flexible manufacturing systems where the possibility of choosing alternative routes is a must.
Reading food marketing: the semiotics of Marks & Spencer!?
Authors: Tresidder Richard 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a social semiotic methodology for the analysis of food marketing and to explore the complexity of reading representations of food within promotional texts.Design/methodology/approachThe work develops a social semiotic reading of Marks & Spencer's promotional campaigns utilising images from television and web‐based campaigns. This reading is located within a conceptual framework that underpins and identifies the influences that direct the interpretation process and subsequent consumption patterns of the reader/consumer.FindingsBy analysing the relationship between food marketing and the consumer, it is possible to identify a language of food that has its meaning and significance embedded within both culture and society. It is argued that the individual hermeneutically interprets and negotiates this semiotic language of food to reach their individual understanding of food advertising.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual model presented within this paper offers a subjective and interpretivistic approach to the analysis of food marketing. As such it is open to criticism that its implications are limited as it lacks a positivistic or empirical grounding. However, the implications for such an approach are that it highlights that marketing is about people and, if industry is to develop effective or efficient forms of marketing, it is important to understand how the meaning and significance of products such as food are embedded within both culture and society, and how this informs the individual's relationship with it.Originality/valueAlthough the study of food has a significant and substantial archive, research within food marketing focuses primarily on management and strategy and fails to engage with the social discourses that define meaning. As such, this paper offers an original insight into food marketing.
A discourse about the institutional handling of the substance abuser's penchant to relapse (Relapse)
Authors: Cook David H. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the first of two articles about substance abuse as a human disorder that defies resolution, with the primary care physician the intended audience.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is about the phenomenon of relapse as an extension of the formation of the underlying addictive‐oriented thinking. Both relapse and acceptance are about the “why” of substance abuse and not the “what.”FindingsAccording to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the number of US adults who were classified as having substance dependence or abuse in 2008 based on criteria specified in the DSM‐IV was 22.2 million. Subtract on a mutually exclusive basis the 1.2 million who participate in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and the 1.7 million persons who are in some configuration of institutional therapy and this leaves 19.3 million persons as a potential pool of need.Research limitations/implicationsFocusing on the primary care physician is no more trivial than the two topics to be discussed.Social implicationsThe potential pool of need in the USA is much larger than the 19.3 million persons on the strength of what is implied by the to‐be‐developed views of relapse and acceptance as the “why” of substance abuse, as a subset of addictive‐oriented thinking.Originality/valueWhile the paper is in line with the World Health Organization's position that substance abuse is the most serious health problem globally, the advocated approach to the resolution of addiction is the efficiency of the relationship between the primary care physician and the patient.
Network resources and knowledge alliances
Authors: Huggins Robert 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to distinguish different forms of network resource that govern knowledge‐based alliances and facilitate innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper seeks to build theory through a critical analysis of the relevant literature.FindingsThe paper draws on the notion of network resources to better understand those assets firms have at their disposal to facilitate knowledge‐based interactions and relationships that catalyze innovation. It seeks to integrate the concept of social capital, which the paper argues largely concerns resources related to the social relations and networks held by those individuals within a particular firm. As a means of describing and identifying network resources that are more strategically held by the firm as a whole, the paper introduces the concept of network capital. Network capital is defined as consisting of investments in calculative relations by firms through which they gain access to knowledge to enhance expected economic returns. Therefore, the paper argues that it is possible to make a distinction between the two types of network resource: network capital and social capital.Research limitations/implicationsMaking a distinction between network capital and social capital is relevant to both scholars and decision‐makers as it provides a framework for analyzing the underlying complexity of inter‐firm networks and variability across a range of dimensions, conditions and contingencies. It also provides a framework for evaluating which networks a firm can or cannot manage and invest in to meet its requirements.Originality/valueThe paper develops a new and more refined framework for analyzing and evaluating knowledge‐based alliances and innovation‐driven networks between firms and other actors.