bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Advancements in the Electrochemical Utilization of Ammonia Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Hua , Xu Kang , He Fan , Zhu Feng , Zhou Yucun , Yuan Wei , Liu Ying , Liu Meilin , Choi YongMan , Chen Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells utilized with NH3 (NH3−SOFCs) have great potential to be environmentally friendly devices with high efficiency and energy density. The advancement of this technology is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of chemical or electrochemical processes occurring on anodes/catalysts. Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing efficient and durable anode/catalysts in recent decades. Although modifications to the structure, composition, and morphology of anodes or catalysts are effective, the mechanistic understandings of performance improvements or degradations remain incompletely understood. This review informatively commences by summarizing existing reports on the progress of NH3−SOFCs. It subsequently outlines the influence of factors on the performance of NH3−SOFCs. The degradation mechanisms of the cells/systems are also reviewed. Lastly, the persistent challenges in designing highly efficient electrodes/catalysts for low‐temperature NH3−SOFCs, and future perspectives derived from SOFCs are discussed. Notably, durability, thermal cycling stability, and power density are identified as crucial indicators for enhancing low‐temperature (550 °C or below) NH3−SOFCs. This review aims to offer an updated overview of how catalysts/electrodes affect electrochemical activity and durability, offering critical insights for improving performance and mechanistic understanding, as well as establishing the scientific foundation for the design of electrodes for NH3−SOFCs.
A “Liquid‐In‐Solid” Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Anode‐Free Rechargeable Sodium Batteries
Authors: Lu Ziyang , Yang Huijun , Wu Gang , Shan Peizhao , Lin Hongxin , He Ping , Zhao Junmei , Yang Yong , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping anode‐free batteries is the ultimate goal in pursuit of high energy density and safety. It is more urgent for sodium (Na)‐based batteries due to its inherently low energy density and safety hazards induced by highly reactive Na metal anodes. However, there is no electrolyte that can meet the demanding Na plating‐stripping Coulomb efficiency (CE) while resisting oxidative decomposition at high voltages for building stable anode‐free Na batteries. Here, a “liquid‐in‐solid” electrolyte design strategy is proposed to integrate target performances of liquid and solid‐state electrolytes. Breaking through the Na+ transport channel of Na‐containing zeolite molecular sieve by ion‐exchange and confining aggregated liquid ether electrolytes in the nanopore and void of zeolites, it achieves excellent high‐voltage stability enabled by solid‐state zeolite electrolytes, while inheriting the ultra‐high CE (99.84%) from liquid ether electrolytes. When applied in a 4.25 V‐class anode‐free Na battery, an ultra‐high energy density of 412 W h kg−1 (based on the active material of both cathodes and anodes) can be reached, which is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art graphite||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 lithium‐ion batteries. Furthermore, the assembled anode‐free pouch cell exhibits excellent cycling stability, and a high capacity retention of 89.2% can be preserved after 370 cycles.
Recent Developments on Optical Aptasensors for the Detection of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines with Advanced Nanostructures
Authors: Borg Kathrine Nygaard , Ho Yi‐Ping , Zeng Shuwen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the realm of immune response, pro‐inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. Accurate measurement of these low‐molecular‐weight proteins is essential for understanding immune function, predicting diseases, and monitoring treatment effects. Optical aptasensors with advanced nanostructures, which utilize aptamers as bio‐probes, have emerged as a promising technology for cytokine detection, offering advantages over traditional antibody‐based nanobiosensors. Aptamers, single‐stranded nucleic acids with high specificity and affinity, enable cost‐effective mass production and consistent quality. Optical biosensors incorporating aptamers exhibit stability, resistance to environmental factors, and prolonged functionality. This review explores the current methodologies and advancements in optical aptasensors for cytokine detection, highlighting their potential as robust tools in diagnostics and therapeutics. Specifically, the applications of surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence techniques in aptasensors are discussed, focusing on the innovative approaches used to enhance sensitivity and specificity in cytokine detection. Notable examples of aptasensor designs utilizing nanoparticles, Förster resonance energy transfer, and amplification strategies are presented. These designs demonstrate high affinity, specificity, and improved sensitivity in detecting pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma. Overall, optical aptasensors show great promise in advancing the understanding of cytokine‐related disorders and enabling effective interventions.
Light‐Induced Ferroelectric Modulation of p‐n Homojunctions in Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Ramirez Mariola O , Fernandez‐Tejedor Jaime , Gallego Daniel , Fernández‐Martinez Javier , Molina Pablo , Hernández‐Pinilla David , Gómez‐Herrero Julio , Ares Pablo , Bausá Luisa E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe association of 2D materials and ferroelectrics offers a promising approach to tune the optoelectronic properties of atomically thin Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, the combined effect of ferroelectricity and light on the optoelectronic properties of monolayer (1L)‐MoS2 deposited on periodically poled lithium niobate crystals is explored. Using scanning micro‐photoluminescence, the effect of excitation intensity, scanning direction, and domain walls on the 1L‐MoS2 photoluminescence properties is analyzed, offering insights into charge modulation of MoS2. The findings unveil a photoinduced charging process dependent on the ferroelectric domain orientation, in which light induces charge generation and transfer at the monolayer‐substrate interface. This highlights the substantial role of light excitation in ferroelectrically‐driven electrostatic doping in MoS2. Additionally, the work provides insights into the effect of the strong, nanometrically confined electric fields on LiNbO3 domain wall surfaces, demonstrating precise control over charge carriers in MoS2, and enabling the creation of deterministic p‐n homojunctions with exceptional precision. The results suggest prospects for novel optoelectronic and photonic application involving monolayer TMDs by combining light‐matter interaction processes and the surface selectivity provided by ferroelectric domain structures.
Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anode Securing by Functional Electrolyte Modulation
Authors: Li Chuanlin , Zhang Xixi , Qu Guangmeng , Zhao Shunshun , Qin Hongjie , Li Dingzheng , Li Na , Wang Chenggang , Xu Xijin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe stability of the Zn metal anode is significantly affected by the various parasitic reactions during plating/stripping. Here, sodium 4‐aminobenzenesulfonate (SABS) is a functional electrolyte additive to modulate the electrode/electrolyte interface to protect the Zn metal. An electrical double layer (EDL) reconstruction of the interface is affected by providing hydrogen bond sites through nitrogen and oxygen elements with lone pair electrons in SABS molecules. These strong hydrogen bonds not only limit the corrosion of free H2O molecules on the surface of Zn anode but also promote the desolvation process. Besides, the SABS can be further in situ decomposed into a solid electrode/electrolyte interface (SEI) layer to regulate the plating/stripping behavior of Zn2+. As a result, based on the synergism of organic–inorganic hybrid SEI layer and the EDL reconstruction, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells exceptionally survive lasting for 6500 hours at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, and over 900 cycles even at 40 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2. The Zn‐I2 full cell maintains excellent cycle stability of 92.4% after 20000 cycles. Remarkably, the pouch cell maintains a capacity retention of over 99.1% (63 mAh) for 820 cycles at 5 mA cm−2.
Engineering Single Cu Atoms Anchored via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene in COF Mesopores for Modulating Electron Kinetics of CO2 Photoconversion
Authors: Liu Zhongyu , Yin Haochun , Sun Jianhui , Bai Linlu , Li Zhuo , Zhao Xiaomeng , Yan Xudong , Zhao Min , Jing Liqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCharge transfer and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption/activation are critical factors for the electron kinetics during CO2 photoconversion. Herein, high‐loading and robust single Cu atoms (7.8 wt.%) are anchored via N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands derived from imidazolium ionic liquid motifs, precisely bonding to the acceptors of mesoporous donor‐acceptor pyridine‐covalent organic framework (pCOF) nanosheets. By engineering the valance and coordination structure, atomic Cu(I)‐CO2 sites, superior to Cu(II)‐CN2OCl ones, enable a 22‐fold increase of CO2 conversion rate compared to pCOF in pure water, ≈100% selectivity toward CO, and an apparent quantum yield of 1.7% (420 nm). The photoactivity outperforms analogous COF‐based photocatalysts under similar conditions. Experimental results prove single Cu(I) atoms possess more improved electron capture and CO2 adsorption/activation capacities than single Cu(II) ones. Combining fs‐ and µs‐transient absorption spectroscopy, the electron kinetics mechanism is investigated on the single‐atom pCOF photocatalyst model. The fs‐transient absorption spectra confirm single Cu(I) atoms can rapidly and precisely extract electrons from the electron‐rich region of pCOF along N‐heterocyclic carbene, exhibiting an electron transfer rate of 3 × 109 s−1. Using in situ µs‐transient absorption spectroscopy, the electron transfer efficiency is quantified to reach 60.4% under photocatalytic reaction conditions. This work provides a rational design strategy for advanced single‐atom photocatalysts.
Nitrate Upcycling Mediated by Organonickel Catalysis
Authors: Padmanaban Sudakar , Chun Jeewon , Lee Youngseob , Cho Kyung‐Bin , Choi Jonghoon , Lee Yunho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) are major environmental pollutants and to neutralize this long‐term environmental threat, new catalytic methods are needed. Although there are biological denitrification processes involving four different enzymatic reactions to convert nitrate (NO3−) into dinitrogen (N2), it is unfortunately difficult to apply in industry due to the complexity of the processes. In particular, nitrate is difficult to functionalize because of its chemical stability. Thus, there is no organometallic catalysis to convert nitrate into useful chemicals. Herein, we present a nickel pincer complex that is effective as a bifunctional catalyst to stepwise deoxygenate NO3− by carbonylation and further through C−N coupling. By using this nickel catalysis, nitrate salts can be selectively transformed into various oximes (>20 substrates) with excellent conversion (>90 %). Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the highly inert nitrate ion can be functionalized to produce useful chemicals by a new organonickel catalysis. Our results show that the NOx conversion and utilization (NCU) technology is a successful pathway for environmental restoration coupled with value‐added chemical generation.
Transient Structural Properties of the Rho GDP‐Dissociation Inhibitor
Authors: Medina Gomez Sara , Visco Ilaria , Merino Felipe , Bieling Peter , Linser Rasmus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRho GTPases, master spatial regulators of a wide range of cellular processes, are orchestrated by complex formation with guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs). These have been thought to possess an unstructured N‐terminus that inhibits nucleotide exchange of their client upon binding/folding. Via NMR analyses, molecular dynamics simulations, and biochemical assays, we reveal instead pertinent structural properties transiently maintained both, in the presence and absence of the client, imposed onto the terminus context‐specifically by modulating interactions with the surface of the folded C‐terminal domain. These observations revise the long‐standing textbook picture of the GTPases’ mechanism of membrane extraction. Rather than by a disorder‐to‐order transition upon binding of an inhibitory peptide, the intricate and highly selective extraction process of RhoGTPases is orchestrated via a dynamic ensemble bearing preformed transient structural properties, suitably modulated by the specific surrounding along the multi‐step process.
Acrylamide macromolecules modified wine lees‐soy protein wood adhesive
Authors: Zhong Chenglong , Hou Xianfeng , Peng Shuai , Gao Zhenzhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo expand the diverse applications of wine lees and enhance the adhesive properties of its protein‐based adhesive, the supernatant of wine lees, separated using the alkali solubilization method, was combined with a small quantity of soybean protein as the raw material. Cross‐linking modification was then conducted using polyacrylamide polymers to prepare the protein‐based adhesive. The results indicated that a total mass fraction of 2.5 wt% NaOH and 3.0 wt% urea effectively stretched the protein structure. Additionally, a mass ratio of 4:10 of trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether and acrylamide, under the action of the ammonium persulfate initiator, resulted in effective cross‐linking of polyacrylamide macromolecules. The addition of 7 wt% polyacrylamide macromolecules as a cross‐linking agent effectively facilitated the cross‐linking reaction with wine lees‐soy protein. After the cross‐linking modification, the surface of the adhesive became tight and smooth. As a result, the water‐resistance strength of the plywood increased from 0.2 to 1.27 MPa, marking a 635% enhancement, which significantly surpassed the standard for Class II plywood (GB/T 9846‐2015).
Tailoring polishing steps for effective removal of polysorbate‐degrading host cell proteins in antibody purification
Authors: Maier Melanie , Schneider Stefan , Weiss Linus , Fischer Simon , Lakatos Daniel , Studts Joey , Franzreb Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnsuring the quality and safety of biopharmaceutical products requires the effective separation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from host cell proteins (HCPs). A major challenge in this field is the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysorbates (PS) in drug products. This study addresses this issue by investigating the removal of polysorbate‐degrading HCPs during the polishing steps of downstream purification, an area where knowledge about individual HCP behavior is still limited. We investigated the separation of different mAb formats from four individual polysorbate degrading hydrolases (CES1F, CES2C, LPLA2, and PAF‐AH) using cation exchange (CEX) and mixed‐mode chromatography (MMC) polishing steps. Our research identified a key challenge: The similar elution behavior of mAbs and HCPs during chromatographic separation. To investigate this phenomenon, we performed high‐throughput binding screenings for recombinant polysorbate degrading hydrolases and representative mAb candidates on CEX and MMC chromatography resins. We then employed a three‐step strategy that also served as a scale‐up process, optimizing separation conditions and leading to the successful removal of specific HCPs while maintaining high mAb recovery rates (>96%). This strategy involved the use of surface response models and miniature columns for screening, followed by validation on larger columns using a chromatography system. Our results highlight the critical role of the inherent properties of mAbs for successful separation from HCPs. These results underscore the need to tailor the purification process to leverage the slight differences in binding behavior and elution profiles between mAbs and specific HCPs. This approach lays the foundation for developing more effective strategies for overcoming the challenge of enzymatic polysorbate degradation, paving the way for improved quality and safety in biopharmaceutical products.
Effect of cellulose reducing ends and primary hydroxyl groups modifications on cellulose‐cellulase interactions and cellulose hydrolysis
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Bhagia Samarthya , Mittal Ashutosh , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCellulose reducing ends are believed to play a vital role in the cellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic conversion. However, their role in insoluble cellulose accessibility and hydrolysis is not clear. Thus, in this study, reducing ends of insoluble cellulose derived from various sources were modified by applying reducing and/or oxidizing agents. The effects of cellulose reducing ends modification on cellulose reducing ends, cellulose structure, and cellulose accessibility to cellulase were evaluated along with the impact on cellulose hydrolysis with complete as well purified cellulase components. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction and sodium chlorite‐acetic acid (SC/AA) oxidation were able to modify more than 90% and 60% of the reducing ends, respectively, while the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) reagent applied for various cycles oxidized cellulose reducing ends to various extents. X‐ray diffractograms of the treated solids showed that these treatments did not change the cellulose crystalline structure and the change in crystallinity index was insignificant. Surprisingly, it was found that the cellulose reducing ends modification, either through selective NaBH4 reduction or BCA oxidation, had a negligible impact on cellulose accessibility as well on cellulose hydrolysis rates or final conversions with complete cellulase at loadings as low as 0.5 mg protein/g cellulose. In fact, in contrast to what is traditionally believed, modifications of cellulose reducing ends by these two methods had no apparent impact on cellulose conversion with purified cellulase components and their synergy. However, SC/AA oxidation resulted in significant drop in cellulose conversion (10%–50%) with complete as well purified cellulase components. Nonetheless, further research revealed that the cause for drop in cellulose conversion for the SC/AA oxidation case was due to primary hydroxyl groups (PHGs) oxidation and not the oxidation of reducing ends. Furthermore, it was found that the PHGs modification affects cellulose accessibility and slows the cellulase uptake as well resulting in significant drop in cellulose conversions.
Adaptive information fusion network for multi‐modal personality recognition
Authors: Bao Yongtang , Liu Xiang , Qi Yue , Liu Ruijun , Li Haojie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPersonality recognition is of great significance in deepening the understanding of social relations. While personality recognition methods have made significant strides in recent years, the challenge of heterogeneity between modalities during feature fusion still needs to be solved. This paper introduces an adaptive multi‐modal information fusion network (AMIF‐Net) capable of concurrently processing video, audio, and text data. First, utilizing the AMIF‐Net encoder, we process the extracted audio and video features separately, effectively capturing long‐term data relationships. Then, adding adaptive elements in the fusion network can alleviate the problem of heterogeneity between modes. Lastly, we concatenate audio‐video and text features into a regression network to obtain Big Five personality trait scores. Furthermore, we introduce a novel loss function to address the problem of training inaccuracies, taking advantage of its unique property of exhibiting a peak at the critical mean. Our tests on the ChaLearn First Impressions V2 multi‐modal dataset show partial performance surpassing state‐of‐the‐art networks.
Identity‐consistent transfer learning of portraits for digital apparel sample display
Authors: Wang Luyuan , Wu Yiqian , Yang Yong‐Liang , Liu Chen , Jin Xiaogang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of the online apparel shopping industry demands innovative solutions for high‐quality digital apparel sample displays with virtual avatars. However, developing such displays is prohibitively expensive and prone to the well‐known “uncanny valley” effect, where a nearly human‐looking artifact arouses eeriness and repulsiveness, thus affecting the user experience. To effectively mitigate the “uncanny valley” effect and improve the overall authenticity of digital apparel sample displays, we present a novel photo‐realistic portrait generation framework. Our key idea is to employ transfer learning to learn an identity‐consistent mapping from the latent space of rendered portraits to that of real portraits. During the inference stage, the input portrait of an avatar can be directly transferred to a realistic portrait by changing its appearance style while maintaining the facial identity. To this end, we collect a new dataset, Daz‐Rendered‐Faces‐HQ (DRFHQ), specifically designed for rendering‐style portraits. We leverage this dataset to fine‐tune the StyleGAN2‐FFHQ generator, using our carefully crafted framework, which helps to preserve the geometric and color features relevant to facial identity. We evaluate our framework using portraits with diverse gender, age, and race variations. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations, along with ablation studies, highlight our method's advantages over state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
The Pre‐ and Post‐Column Derivatization on Monosaccharide Composition Analysis, a Review
Authors: Chen Xuexia , Wang Yinuo , Ye Yongjun , Yu Huali , Wu Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolysaccharides, as common metabolic products in organisms, play a crucial role in the growth and development of living organisms. For humans, polysaccharides represent a class of compounds with diverse applications, particularly in the medical field. Therefore, the exploration of the monosaccharide composition and structural characteristics of polysaccharides holds significant importance in understanding their biological functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of extraction methods and hydrolysis strategies for polysaccharides. It systematically analyzes strategies and technologies for determining polysaccharide composition and discusses common derivatization reagents employed in further polysaccharide studies. Derivatization is considered a fundamental strategy for determining monosaccharides, as it not only enhances the detectability of analytes but also increases detection sensitivity, especially in liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. The review meticulously examines pre‐column and post‐column derivatization techniques for monosaccharide analysis, categorizing them based on diverse detection methodologies. It delves into the principles and distinctive features of various derivatization reagents, offering a comparative analysis of their strengths and limitations. Ultimately, the aim is to provide guidance for selecting the most suitable derivatization approach, taking into account the structural nuances, biological functions, and reaction dynamics of polysaccharides.