bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased prevalence of inhibitors in Hispanic patients with severe haemophilia A enrolled in the Universal Data Collection database
Authors: CARPENTER S. L. , MICHAEL SOUCIE J. , STERNER S. , PRESLEY R. ,   Hemophilia Treatment Center Network (HTCN) Investigators
Published: January 2012

Summary. Neutralizing inhibitors develop in 20–30% of patients with severe factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. It is well established that Blacks have a higher prevalence of inhibitors than Whites. This is the first study to definitively demonstrate increased inhibitor prevalence in the Hispanic population. We compared inhibitor prevalence among various racial and ethnic groups in a cross‐sectional analysis of 5651 males with severe haemophilia A that participated in the Universal Data Collection project sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used logistic regression analysis to control for potential confounding variables. We assigned as Hispanic those participants who were white and labelled themselves Hispanic. The prevalence of high‐titre inhibitors in the Hispanic participants was 24.5% compared to 16.4% for White non‐Hispanic patients (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7). Possibilities as to the underlying cause of increased inhibitor prevalence in minority ethnic populations include polymorphisms in the FVIII molecule, HLA subtypes and differing inflammatory responses. A better understanding may lead to tailored treatment programmes, or other therapies, to decrease or prevent inhibitor development.
Assimilation of agile practices in use
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Conboy Kieran , Pikkarainen Minna 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAgile method use in information systems development (ISD) has grown dramatically in recent years. The emergence of these alternative approaches was very much industry‐led at the outset, and while agile method research is growing, the vast majority of these studies are descriptive and often lack a strong theoretical and conceptual base. Insights from innovation adoption research can provide a new perspective on analysing agile method use. This paper is based on an exploratory study of the application of the innovation assimilation stages to understand the use of agile practices, focusing in particular on the later stages of assimilation, namely acceptance, routinisation and infusion. Four case studies were conducted, and based on the case study findings, the concepts of acceptance, routinisation and infusion were adapted and applied to agile software development. These adapted concepts were used to glean interesting insights into agile practice use. For example, it was shown that the period of use of agile practices does not have a proportional effect on their assimilation depths. We also reflected on the sequential assumption underlying the assimilation stages, showing that adopting teams do not always move through the assimilation stages in a linear manner.
The use of a ‘bleach‐etch‐seal’ deproteinization technique on MIH affected enamel
Authors: GANDHI SHAN , CRAWFORD PETER , SHELLIS PETER 
Published: January 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 427–434Aims.  To ascertain whether deproteinization pretreatment of molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH) enamel affects resin sealant infiltration.Design.  Thirty one extracted MIH teeth were divided into three sections and randomly allocated into the Control (etch and FS), Treatment 1 (5% NaOCl, etched and fissure sealed), and Treatment 2 (5% NaOCl and fissure sealed with no etch) groups. Two hundred seventy nine sealant tag/enamel grade observations were recorded by scanning electron microscopy.Results.  Control and Treatment 1 were similar in their outcomes, and Treatment 2 was markedly different. There was no statistical evidence to suggest that there was any difference between Treatment 1 and the Control Treatment (95% CI, 0.52, 1.51; P = 0.6). There was a marked difference between Treatment 2 and the Control Treatment (95% CI, 0.07, 0.25; P < 0.001). All treatments also demonstrated a high‐predicted probability of obtaining ‘poor’ sealant tags (Control = 47%, Treatment 1 = 49%, and Treatment 2 = 40%).Conclusions.  The findings suggest that there was no significant difference in the tag quality between the conventional technique (Control) and the ‘bleach‐etch‐seal’ technique (Treatment 1). There was no benefit in pre‐treating with NaOCl alone (without etch) before sealing. This research also showed that there was a high‐predicted probability of obtaining ‘poor’ sealant tags in MIH enamel, regardless of which of the three treatments was used.
Modelling the spread of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in southern Scandinavia during the late Holocene
Authors: Bialozyt Ronald , Bradley Lee R. , Bradshaw Richard H. W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  To test the hypothesis that dispersal characteristics alone can explain the past migration patterns of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies observed in southern Scandinavia.Location  Scandinavia, Europe.Methods  The spreading dynamics of both species were analysed using a quantitative data–model comparison approach. Pollen data recording the arrival of the two species at 24 small forest‐hollow sites distributed across the study area were compared with simulated arrival times. The simulations were based on diffusive spread combined with long‐distance dispersal events. By systematically applying different parameter combinations yielding the desired colonization speeds we could identify values for the long‐distance dispersal component that minimized deviations from the observed arrival times.Results  According to the minimization process, the optimal spreading rates were 100 m year−1 for F. sylvatica and 250 m year−1 for P. abies. Simulated dispersal alone could adequately explain the wave‐like spread of P. abies but failed to explain the scattered establishment pattern observed for F. sylvatica in Scandinavia. At the fine scale of stand establishment, local microclimatic conditions or site disturbance might be more important. The estimated spreading rates are high because the species colonized Scandinavia from different geographic directions and the rates slowed when their ranges overlapped. We present new estimates for the distance and frequency of long‐distance dispersal events for our modelled species.Main conclusions  Our analyses suggest that the late Holocene spread of P. abies in Scandinavia was fairly rapid and was limited only by biological processes of dispersal, while that of F. sylvatica was limited by other factors probably controlled by site properties. Picea abies has maintained a rapid and constant rate of spread throughout at least the last 4000 years, despite significant changes in climate. There is uncertainty about the precise relationship between P. abies and climate in Scandinavia, so future distributions are not easy to forecast. For F. sylvatica in Scandinavia, site quality appears to have been a limiting factor, so future land use is likely to dictate its future distribution dynamics in combination with climatic factors.
The historical biogeography of Scabiosa (Dipsacaceae): implications for Old World plant disjunctions
Authors: Carlson Sara E. , Linder H. Peter , Donoghue Michael J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  To reconstruct the temporal and biogeographical history of Old World disjunctions in Scabiosa (Dipsacaceae) and the timing of diversification in the Mediterranean Basin, in order to evaluate the importance of biogeographical and climatological history (particularly the onset of a mediterranean climate) in shaping Scabiosa distributions.Location  Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, southern Africa and eastern Asia.Methods  This study uses maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA (atpB–rbcL, trnL–trnF, trnS–trnG, psbA–trnH) and nuclear ribosomal DNA [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribed spacer (ETS)] from 24 out of c. 37 ingroup taxa, beast molecular dating, and the dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis method (Lagrange) to reconstruct ancestral geographical ranges and the timing of diversification of the major clades of Scabiosa.Results  Biogeographical and divergence time reconstructions showed that Scabiosa originated during the Miocene and diversified in Europe, followed by independent movements into Asia and Africa. Several of the major clades were inferred to have radiated sometime between the late Miocene and early Pleistocene, a timeframe that encompasses the onset of the mediterranean climate in Europe. More recent middle–late Pleistocene radiations in the Mediterranean Basin and southern Africa have played a large role in Scabiosa diversification.Main conclusions  Members of Scabiosa appear to have capitalized on adaptations to montane and/or dry conditions in order to colonize similar habitats in different biogeographical regions. The formation of the East African Rift mountains is potentially of great importance in explaining the southward migration of Scabiosa. The initial diversification of Scabiosa in Europe during the Miocene is not consistent with the initiation of the mediterranean climate, but may instead be associated with increased aridity and the retreat of subtropical lineages during this time. However, the radiation of some of the major subclades within Scabiosa may have been associated with an emerging mediterranean climate. More recent and rapid radiations in both the Mediterranean Basin and southern Africa highlight the probable importance of Pleistocene climate fluctuations in Scabiosa diversification.
Drifting fronds and drifting alleles: range dynamics, local dispersal and habitat isolation shape the population structure of the estuarine seaweed Fucus ceranoides
Authors: Neiva João , Pearson Gareth A. , Valero Myriam , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  The seaweed Fucus ceranoides is restricted to spatially discrete estuarine habitats and lacks planktonic dispersal phases; it is therefore expected to exhibit strong population differentiation. Its cold‐temperate affinities and mtDNA variation imply that the northern part of the species’ range, where F. ceranoides is now ubiquitous, was recently colonized after the onset of the last deglaciation, potentially resulting in areas with greater genetic homogeneity. Here we examine the population structure of F. ceranoides to test these predictions, emphasizing the contrasting genetic signatures of limited dispersal in refugial versus recently colonized regions.Location  North‐eastern Atlantic estuaries from Portugal to Norway.Methods  A total of 504 individuals from 21 estuarine sites spanning the entire range of F. ceranoides were sampled and genotyped for nine microsatellite loci. Population structure was inferred from several genotypic and allele‐frequency analyses. Geographical patterns of genetic diversity were used to reconstruct the historical biogeography of the species.Results  Genetic diversity and regional population differentiation showed a consistent decline with increasing latitude. Southernmost populations harboured most of the endemic variation, whereas the northern populations (> 55° N) were almost fixed for the same alleles across loci. In southern and central regions of its distribution, F. ceranoides showed striking population subdivision, with many of the sampled estuaries corresponding to coherent genetic units that were easily discriminated from one another with standard clustering methods.Main conclusions  The geographical pattern of genetic diversity supports the long‐term refugial status of Iberia and a post‐glacial range expansion of F. ceranoides into previously glaciated latitudes. Despite the species’ capacity to colonize newly available habitats, the genetic structure of F. ceranoides outside the recently (re)colonized range reveals that gene flow between populations is extremely low. This study provides a remarkable example of how infrequent and spatially limited dispersal can have contrasting effects at the scales of meta‐population (connectivity) versus range dynamics (habitat tracking), and of how dispersal restrictions can result in either genetic divergence or homogeneity depending on the maturity and demographic conditions of the populations.
The impact of depression and sense of coherence on emotional and social loneliness among nursing home residents without cognitive impairment – a questionnaire survey
Authors: Drageset Jorunn , Espehaug Birgitte , Kirkevold Marit 
Published: January 2012

Aims and objectives.  To analyse the relationships between depressive symptoms, sense of coherence and emotional and social loneliness among nursing home residents without cognitive impairment.Background.  Depression symptoms and loneliness are major health problems for older people. Sense of coherence, which is based on a salutogenic theoretical framework, is a strong determinant of positive health and successful coping and is associated with well‐being and depression among older people. Few studies have explored the relationships between depression symptoms, sense of coherence and emotional and social loneliness among nursing home residents.Design.  A cross‐sectional, descriptive, correlational design.Methods.  Sample – 227 residents 65–102 years old from 30 nursing home residing ≥ six months. All had a Clinical Dementia Rating ≤0·5 and could converse. Residents were interviewed using the Social Provisions Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC‐13). Possible relationships between these were analysed, controlled for sex, age, marital status, education, length of stay and comorbidity.Results.  Before adjustment, Geriatric Depression Scale was associated with attachment and social integration. After adjustment, Geriatric Depression Scale was still associated with attachment and social integration. Further adjusting for Sense of Coherence Scale reduced the association between Geriatric Depression Scale and attachment and even more so for the association between Geriatric Depression Scale and social integration. Sense of coherence and Geriatric Depression Scale did not interact, and SOC‐13 was associated with attachment and social integration.Conclusions.  Depression symptoms contribute to emotional and social loneliness. Independent of sense of coherence, depression symptoms are associated with emotional loneliness, sense of coherence influence emotional and social loneliness.Relevance to clinical practice.  Clinical nurses should observe residents closely for signs of depression and loneliness and support their sense of coherence to reduce emotional and social loneliness.
Analysis of a negative plant–soil feedback in a subtropical monsoon forest
Authors: Liu Yu , Yu Shixiao , Xie Zhi‐Ping , Staehelin Christian 
Published: January 2012

Summary1. The Janzen–Connell hypothesis provides explanations for species coexistence and predicts that recruitment of tree juveniles is reduced by host‐specific enemies, particularly soil biota. Previous studies, however, have not fully addressed the aspect of host specificity. Using a legume tree (Ormosia glaberrima) in a subtropical monsoon forest as a model, we experimentally investigated the mechanisms underlying a Janzen–Connell effect.2. A negative plant–soil feedback was identified by a field census and confirmed by planting surface‐sterilized seeds at different densities around focal trees. Fungicides were applied to test whether the effects were caused by fungi. In a growth‐room inoculation experiment, effects of collected soil samples on seedling survival were examined and compared to soil samples treated with fungicides. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene was used for pathogen identification. The fungus causing seedling mortality was isolated and characterized by ITS rDNA sequencing and inoculation experiments.3. A Janzen–Connell effect was identified at a field site, in which O. glaberrima was a locally common species. In situ treatments with fungicides and a corresponding growth‐room simulation experiment showed that seedling survival depended on the distance to focal adult trees and that a fungal pathogen attacked seeds and seedlings. No negative plant–soil feedback was observed at another field site with a single O. glaberrima tree, indicating a locally rare species advantage.4. The disease‐inducing fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Inoculation experiments showed that the isolated fungus was pathogenic on O. glaberrima seedlings, but non‐pathogenic on seedlings from other tree species co‐occurring with O. glaberrima. Moreover, susceptibility of O. glaberrima depended on seed provenance (likely genotype).5. Synthesis. We demonstrate that an observed negative plant–soil feedback on a locally common legume tree is caused by a host‐specific pathogen. Our data fully support the criteria of spatially unequal pathogen distribution and host specificity proposed in the Janzen–Connell model. Taken the interaction between O. glaberrima and F. oxysporum as a paradigm, we suggest that host‐specific pathogens, locally accumulated around parent trees, are important determinants of tree community structure.
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a geographically well‐defined population in Northern Sweden: implications for anticoagulation prophylaxis
Authors: Andersson P. , Löndahl M. , Abdon N.‐J. , Terent A. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract.  Andersson P, Löndahl M, Abdon N‐J, Terent A (Hudiksvall Hospital, Hudiksvall; Lund University, Lund; and Uppsala University, Uppsala; Sweden). The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a geographically well‐defined population in Northern Sweden: implications for anticoagulation prophylaxis. J Intern Med 2012; 272: 170–176.Objectives.  The aims of this study were to evaluate the community‐based prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a western society using a geographically well‐defined population in the northern part of Sweden as a reference and to estimate the proportion of patients eligible for oral anticoagulation (OAC) prophylactic therapy according to the stroke risk indices CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc. Bleeding risk was assessed using the HAS‐BLED score.Design.  The study population was recruited from AURICULA, a Swedish national quality register for patients receiving anticoagulation treatment. All patients with the diagnosis AF in the catchment area are registered in AURICULA.Results.  Of the 65 532 inhabitants in the catchment area, 1616 were diagnosed with AF (1200 cases were characterized as chronic AF). Thus, the overall prevalence of AF was 2.5%. The prevalence increased with age from 6.3% in patients over 55 years of age to 13.8% in those over 80 years. The prevalence was higher in men than in women in all age groups. Overall, 56.3% and 85.1% of the population were at high risk of stroke (≥2 points) according to CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc, respectively. In addition, 26.9% had an increased bleeding risk according to HAS‐BLED.Conclusion.  Within this large Caucasian population, we identified the highest community‐based prevalence of AF to date. The prevalence was strongly associated with increasing age and male gender. Using CHA2DS2‐VASc instead of CHADS2 widened the indication for OAC prophylactic therapy of AF in this population.
Self‐rated health status as a risk factor for future vascular events and mortality in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease: the SMART study
Authors: Grool A. M. , van der Graaf Y. , Visseren F. L. J. , de Borst G. J. , Algra A. , Geerlings M. I. ,   on behalf of the SMART Study Group
Published: January 2012

Abstract.  Grool AM, van der Graaf Y, Visseren FLJ, de Borst GJ, Algra A, Geerlings MI, on behalf of the SMART Study Group (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Self‐rated health status as a risk factor for future vascular events and mortality in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease: the SMART study. J Intern Med 2012; 272: 277–286.Objectives.  Lower self‐rated health status has been associated with worse prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the influence of self‐rated physical and mental health status on the risk of future vascular events and mortality for various locations of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease and asymptomatic disease.Design.  Patients with CAD (n = 2547), cerebrovascular disease (n = 1061), peripheral arterial disease (PAD; n = 648), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; n = 272) and asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease (n = 1933) were followed for a median of 4 years for the occurrence of a new vascular event or death. Self‐rated health status was assessed with the Short Form‐36 physical and mental component summary scales. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between health status and vascular events and death, adjusted for age, sex, vascular risk factors and intima–media thickness.Results.  In the total population, lower self‐rated physical health status (per 10‐point decrease) increased the risk of vascular events [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.52], and all‐cause (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.29–1.63) and vascular mortality (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.20–1.64). A 10‐point decrease in mental health status was associated with a modest increase in the risk of vascular events (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.08–1.32), and all‐cause (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.05–1.34) and vascular mortality (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.49). Risk estimates of physical and mental health status were highest in patients with asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease and lowest in those with PAD.Conclusions.  Poorer self‐rated physical and mental health status increases the risk of vascular events and mortality in a broad population of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease.
Genomic consequences of genetic rescue in an insular population of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Authors: MILLER J. M. , POISSANT J. , HOGG J. T. , COLTMAN D. W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGenetic rescue is a management intervention whereby a small population is supplemented with individuals from other populations in an attempt to reverse the effects of inbreeding and increased genetic load. One such rescue was recently documented in the population of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) within the National Bison Range wildlife refuge (Montana, USA). Here, we examine the locus‐specific effects of rescue in this population using a newly developed genome‐wide set of 195 microsatellite loci and first‐generation linkage map. We found that the rate of introgression varied among loci and that 111 loci, 57% of those examined, deviated from patterns of neutral inheritance. The most common deviation was an excess of homozygous genotypes relative to neutral expectations, indicative of directional selection. As in previous study of this rescue, individuals with more introduced alleles had higher reproductive success and longevity. In addition, we found 30 loci, distributed throughout the genome, which seem to have individual effects on these life history traits. Although the potential for outbreeding depression is a major concern when translocating individuals between populations, we found no evidence of such effects in this population.