bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Y'en a marre, une lente sédimentation des frustrations
Authors: Haeringer Nicolas 
Published: February 2012

Résumé « La coupe est pleine : y’en a marre » : c’est l’un des slogans des « yenamarristes », ces journalistes et rappeurs sénégalais qui mobilisent contre « la corruption, l’injustice, et la mal-gouvernance ». Déjà entendu lors du Forum Social Mondial à Dakar, ce slogan s’est rapidement répandu. Sur leur pression et après quelques jours de vives tensions, le président Abdoulaye Wade avait abandonné son projet de modification de la constitution en juin dernier. À la faveur du contre-G20, Mouvements a rencontré l’un de leurs animateurs, Fadel Barro.
Occupy Wall Street : une question de « pouvoir-faire »
Authors: Haeringer Nicolas 
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’occupation de Wall Street a débuté le 17 septembre 2011. Inspiré par les expériences égyptiennes et espagnoles, le camp a essaimé un peu partout aux États-Unis, et irrigué à son tour les imaginaires des militants en lutte contre les plans d’austérités en Europe.
Les Guignols de l'Info
Authors: Coulomb-Gully Marlène 
Published: February 2012

Résumé On s’efforce ici de mettre au jour l’imaginaire sexué qui sous-tend la représentation du Genre dans Les Guignols de l’Info , emblématique programme de Canal Plus. L’analyse de l’émission permet de conclure, sinon à une posture volontairement réactionnaire des auteurs, du moins au caractère « gender blind » de l’entreprise. En effet, loin de l’image progressiste généralement attachée à l’émission, les Guignols confirment, peut-être à leur corps défendant, voire à l’insu de leur plein gré – pour reprendre une formule devenue célèbre –, les attendus normatifs d’une énonciation comique émise d’un point de vue masculin dominant où les femmes sont objets plus que sujets du rire. Le floutage énonciatif propre au dispositif parodique permet en dernière instance que s’y retrouvent des publics aux attentes les plus diverses, la dimension satirique de l’émission servant les impératifs d’audience de la chaîne.
Les défis éthiques de la recherche académique : le cas de la france et des états‑unis
Authors: Bartoli Annie , Brenkert George , Hermel Philippe 
Published: February 2012

Cet article examine les questions éthiques liées à la mesure de la performance dans les organisations contemporaines et observe le cas particulier de la recherche académique. Les auteurs utilisent des référentiels issus de la philosophie et des sciences du management au niveau international. Le phénomène du « Publish or Perish », largement pratiqué aux États?Unis, est étudié dans son applicabilité à des pays comme la France. L’élaboration d’instruments pour mesurer quantitativement la performance des chercheurs (comme le nombre de publications dans différents types de revues, le référencement des citations, etc.) est approfondie en termes d’impact, positif ou négatif, sur la qualité de la recherche et du progrès scientifique. Enfin, certaines conditions de succès pour réconcilier l’éthique et les mesures de la performance de la recherche académique sont envisagées.
La moralité attribuée à la règle : l'appropriation du métier de policier
Authors: Pécaud Dominique 
Published: February 2012

En France, l’évolution du travail policier essaye de concilier de nouvelles formes d’organisation et le respect des libertés publiques. Deux mouvements de pensée sont convoqués : une industrialisation progressive des activités, une recomposition des libertés publiques au titre d’une société valorisant la sécurité. Ainsi se pose la question de l’évaluation du travail de la police à la fois dans un registre de pensée technico‑administratif et politico‑moral. Une crise identitaire peut surgir si, du point de vue des policiers, ces deux registres semblent incompatibles. La problématique que nous abordons est double. Premièrement, les policiers font appel à une moralité attachée à des règles de métier officielles, ou non, qui s’imposent du fait de leur capacité à permettre l’atteinte de fins attachées au métier. Deuxièmement, le détournement de la règle est possible, dès qu’il apparaît acceptable au regard de toutes les institutions dans lesquelles il s’effectue. Ainsi, malgré les apparences, le métier de policier est‑il un métier de la « juste mesure ». Des règles soupçonnées de nuire à l’efficacité recherchée par les policiers peuvent être parfois interprétées, oubliées ou détournées au titre de fins politiques ou morales. Ces fins légitiment une transgression, mais jusqu’à un certain point. A contrario, l’industrialisation excessive du métier apparaît comme un obstacle à l’engagement et à la reconnaissance professionnels.
L'éthique dans les activités de renseignement
Authors: Denécé Éric 
Published: February 2012

La lutte contre le terrorisme a accru, partout, le rôle des services de renseignement dans la sécurité nationale. S’ils ont bénéficié d’un renforcement significatif de leurs moyens. Ils ont également dû s’adapter aux nouvelles règles de gouvernance de nos sociétés démocratiques. Ainsi, une préoccupation éthique est‑elle apparue dans les services occidentaux, considérant qu’un métier aussi particulier ne peut être exercé sans que les opérateurs ne disposent d’un code de conduite leur donnant d’indispensables repères. Cette exigence nouvelle a été accentuée par les pratiques hautement discutables dont se sont rendus coupables les services de renseignement américains dans le cadre de leur « guerre contre le terrorisme ».
Regards sur les évolutions des missions de service public dans les industries de réseaux
Authors: Bouquet Gaël , Klargaard Olaf 
Published: February 2012

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les missions de service public assurées dans les industries de réseaux n’ont eu de cesse d’évoluer, sous l’impulsion des politiques européennes de libéralisation. L’objectif d’efficacité économique, au centre des préoccupations concurrentielles, et la réorganisation du contrôle institutionnel ont conduit à une clarification et une modernisation sans précédent de leur contenu et de leur évaluation. Toutefois, les principes classiques des services publics ont vu leur application émaillée et certains écueils n’ont pu être surmontés, tant en raison de l’organisation des opérateurs « historiques », que du fait des imperfections du contrôle institutionnel.
Paying for Prevention: Associations between Pay for Performance and Cessation Counseling in Primary Care Practices
Authors: Hung Dorothy Y. , Green Larry A. 
Published: February 2012

Purpose. To examine associations between pay for performance (P4P) and recommended cessation counseling among primary care practices (PCPs). Design. Cross-sectional survey of 89 PCPs participating in a joint Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF)–Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) health promotion initiative. Setting and Participants. 100% response rate from PCPs participating in the RWJF-AHRQ initiative. Measures. Survey data on cessation counseling, practice involvement with P4P, practice size, public reporting of performance, practice competition, linkages with community resources, integration of evidence-based guidelines, patient recommendations for cessation, and state-specific smoking rates. Analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between practice involvement with P4P and cessation counseling offered by PCPs. Practice characteristics, including size and availability of other cessation services, were included in the analysis. Results. Practices that were involved with P4P had greater odds of offering recommended cessation counseling (odds ratio [OR] = 27.6, p < .01). Practices that linked patients to community resources, experienced greater competition, and were larger in size also provided more counseling (p < .05). Publicly reporting performance information and being located in states with higher smoking rates were associated with decreased odds of offering counseling support (p < .10). Conclusions. Findings suggest that P4P is associated with recommended counseling for smoking cessation. Study limitations include small sample size and unavailability of information on the magnitude of P4P incentives and program design. Further analysis considering these programmatic details is warranted.
Problem Drinking among Mexican-Americans: The Influence of Nativity and Neighborhood Context?
Authors: Markides Kyriakos S. , Snih Soham Al , Walsh Tasanee , Cutchin Malcolm , Ju Hyunsu , Goodwin James S. 
Published: February 2012

Purpose. We examined the influence of nativity and community context (Hispanic neighborhood concentration) on two measures of problem drinking among Mexican-Americans. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Texas City Stress and Health Study conducted in Texas City, Texas during 2004–2006. Participants. A total of 1435 Mexican-Americans aged 25 years and older. Measures. Binge drinking (≥ 6 drinks per occasion by men and ≥ 4 drinks per occasion by women) and scoring positive on the CAGE (a four-item clinical measure of problem drinking) as dependent variables. Key independent variables included a measure of language acculturation, proportion of Hispanics in the participant's neighborhood according to 2000 U.S. Census data, and being foreign-born compared with being U.S.-born. Analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict being a binge drinker and being positive on the CAGE. Results. Foreign-born women were less likely to be binge drinkers than U.S.-born women. Nativity was not significant among men. Moreover women were less likely to be binge drinkers if they lived in heavily Hispanic neighborhoods. No such effect was found among men. Similar results were obtained with the CAGE. Conclusions. We found a powerful influence of nativity (being U.S.-born compared with foreign born) and neighborhood Hispanic concentration on problem drinking among women but not among men. It is likely that cultural norms in heavily Hispanic environments discourage problem drinking among women but not among men.
Feasibility of Interdisciplinary Community-Based Fall Risk Screening
Authors: Elliott Sharon J. , Ivanescu Andrada , Leland Natalie E. , Fogo Jennifer , Painter Jane A. , Trujillo Leonard G. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This pilot study examined the feasibility of (1) conducting interdisciplinary fall risk screens at a communitywide adult fall prevention event and (2) collecting preliminary follow-up data from people screened at the event about balance confidence and home and activity modifications made after receiving educational information at the event.
METHOD. We conducted a pilot study with pre– and posttesting (4-mo follow-up) with 35 community-dwelling adults ≥55 yr old.
RESULTS. Approximately half the participants were at risk for falls. Most participants who anticipated making environmental or activity changes to reduce fall risk initiated changes (n = 8/11; 72.7%) during the 4-mo follow-up period. We found no significant difference in participants’ balance confidence between baseline (median = 62.81) and follow-up (median = 64.06) as measured by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale.
CONCLUSION. Conducting interdisciplinary fall risk screens at an adult fall prevention event is feasible and can facilitate environmental and behavior changes to reduce fall risk.
Dynamic Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment: Evaluation of Potential to Change in Cognitive Performance
Authors: Katz Noomi , Bar-Haim Erez Asnat , Livni Liat , Averbuch Sarah 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We studied the psychometric properties of the dynamic version of the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA) and examined the most frequent level of mediation used for planning for intervention.
METHOD. Participants included 83 clients hospitalized after first stroke (mean age = 57.7, standard deviation = 8.33) and 45 healthy control participants. All were assessed with the DLOTCA after providing informed consent.
RESULTS. Interrater reliability showed high correlations between all pairs of raters. Internal consistency reliability showed moderate to high αs (.602–.813) for all domains except Visual Perception. We found significant differences between the groups of participants before mediation; both benefited from mediation, showing moderate to high effect sizes. Stroke clients needed higher levels of mediation.
CONCLUSION. The DLOTCA is effective in providing insight into whether participants need mediation and the level and type of assistance they require. The DLOTCA provides guidance for planning intervention for people with cognitive disabilities.
Occupational Therapy in Fall Prevention: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Leland Natalie E. , Elliott Sharon J. , O’Malley Lisa , Murphy Susan L. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Falls are a serious public health concern among older adults in the United States. Although many fall prevention recommendations exist, such as those published by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and the British Geriatrics Society (BGS) in 2010, the specific role of occupational therapy in these efforts is unclear. This article presents a scoping review of current published research documenting the role of occupational therapy in fall prevention interventions among community-dwelling older adults, structured by the AGS and BGS guidelines. We identified evidence for occupational therapy practitioner involvement in fall prevention in environmental modifications, exercise, and multifactorial and multicomponent interventions. Although research documenting the efficacy of occupational therapy interventions is identified as part of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2008), we identified little or no such research examining interventions to modify behaviors (e.g., fear of falling), manage postural hypotension, recommend appropriate footwear, and manage medications. Although occupational therapy is represented in the fall prevention research, the evidence for the profession’s role in many areas is still lacking.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Daily Total End Range Time (TERT) for Capener Splinting of the Stiff Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Glasgow Celeste , Fleming Jenny , Tooth Leigh R. , Peters Susan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Capener splinting is a common treatment for extension deficit of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint. This study compared the effect of daily splint total end range time (TERT) of 6–12 hr versus 12–16 hr.
METHOD. Twenty-two participants with extension deficits of the PIP joint were randomly allocated to a daily TERT of 6–12 hr or 12–16 hr. Progress after 8 wk of splinting was evaluated.
RESULTS. No significant difference was found in change in extension range of motion (ROM) between groups (active ROM, F[4, 17] = 2.19, p = .13; passive ROM, F[4, 17] = 0.95, p = .46; torque ROM, F[4, 17] = 1.49, p = .26). Considerable crossover between groups resulted in a similar average daily TERT (9.5 hr for the 6–12 hr group vs. 11.5 hr for the 12–16 hr group).
CONCLUSION. Further research with a larger sample is needed to determine whether longer daily TERT is beneficial. Our results suggest, however, that most patients find it difficult to wear splints &gt;12 hr/day.
Use of a Fractional Q-Switched Ruby Laser for Treatment of Facial Lentigines
Authors: Chipps Lisa K. , Diehl Joseph W. , Schouest Jonathan M. , Moy Ronald L. 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: Fractional laser technology is associated with decreased posttreatment morbidity but has not been applied to Q-switched ruby lasers (694 nm). Standard Q-switched ruby lasers have been used effectively for the treatment of pigmented lesions but require postoperative wound care and significant recovery time. The objective is to report on the suitability of a new fractional handpiece for a Q-switched ruby laser for the treatment of facial lentigines. Materials and Methods: Five patients with facial lentigines were treated with or without topical anesthetic with a fractional Q-switched ruby laser at a fluence that caused tissue whitening. Results: Patients were treated 1 to 2 times. All patients experienced clinical improvement in hyperpigmentation with minimal posttreatment erythema and crusting. Conclusions: The fractional Q-switched ruby laser is an ideal treatment for facial lentigines, causing clinical improvement with minimal posttreatment morbidity.
Use of Urinary Bladder Matrix, a Bioactive, Acellular Scaffold, in Transplant Donor Scars and Androgenetic Alopecia: Initial Clinical Experience
Authors: Hitzig Gary 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: Emerging regenerative medicine technologies have yet to be utilized in hair restoration surgery. Urinary bladder extracellular matrix (UBM) has shown promise in a wide variety of applications, inducing site-specific remodeling of injured tissue. This case series describes one clinician's experience in the first use of this regenerative material in hair restoration surgery. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects underwent one of several protocols: (1) Treatment of 3-mm biopsies within donor site scars with UBM versus untreated controls, (2) Removal of a strip of donor site scar tissue and treatment of the site with UBM, (3) Soaking of occipital hair follicle grafts in a solution of UBM, or (4) Soaking of beard or temple hair follicle grafts. Results: At 6 months, hair was observed in biopsy sites that contained UBM, including donor scar areas that would not normally regrow hair, in contrast to the control biopsy sites. Similar results were observed for the strip excisions. UBM-soaked occipital, beard, and temple hair grafts consistently yielded higher than expected numbers of hair follicles. Conclusions: These cases provide anecdotal support for the hypothesized benefits of UBM regenerative technology in restoration therapy for men and women with androgenetic hair loss.
Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Varshey Dushyant B. , Sander John R. G. , Friščić Tomislav , MacGillivray Leonard R. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of noncovalent interactions in the field of supramolecular chemistry. The use of noncovalent forces to form supramolecular structures is documented. Supramolecular interactions can be both directional and nondirectional and can enable chemists to develop discrete assemblies and networks of molecules and/or ions with prescribed properties and functions. Concepts of host‐guest chemistry, molecular recognition, and self‐assembly emerge from an understanding of how supramolecular interactions control assembly processes. Examples that highlight the utility of employing supramolecular interactions to form functional structures and materials are given.
Solvation Effects in Supramolecular Recognition
Authors: Rekharsky Mikhail , Inoue Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Solvent, or solvation, effect arises from various non–covalent weak interactions of solvent molecules with supramolecular host, guest, and complex, and the supramolecular host‐guest association process can be significantly affected or even totally altered by solvation. The solvent effect is a critical function of the host, guest, and solvent involved, and therefore neutral hydrophobic organic guests and hydrophilic metal cations show entirely different solvent dependencies upon complexation. Apparently complicated solvation/desolvation behavior of diverse supramolecular host‐guest systems can be rationally understood through the analysis by the Grunwald theory of the compensatory enthalpy–entropy relationship observed for a large set of experimental complexation thermodynamic parameters. The enthalpy–entropy compensation analysis is applicable not only to supramolecular host–guest interactions but also to biological assembling processes as a general tool for globally understanding the solvation behavior in chemistry and biology.
Competition Experiments
Authors: You Lei , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Competition assays, particularly indicator displacement assays (IDAs), are now a popular approach for supramolecular detection and sensing. Contrary to the traditional indicator–spacer–receptor approach, an IDA is based on guest competition between an analyte and an indicator for binding of the receptor (host). As a result, synthesis to incorporate the indicator is avoided in the creation of an IDA, and the selection of indicators can be used to impact the assay. IDAs have been utilized to detect and sense various kinds of analytes, including anions, cations, and neutral molecules. Moreover, both synthetic and biological hosts have been explored in IDAs, thereby expanding the scope of IDAs. Besides utilization in individual analyte sensing, IDAs are amenable to pattern‐recognition‐based differential sensing. Recently, IDAs have been explored to discriminate structurally similar analytes, generating diagnostic fingerprints for complex mixtures. Enantioselective indicator displacement assays (eIDAs) have also been explored and have great potential for application in asymmetric catalyst discovery. IDAs with different detection methods, different kinds of guests, and different kinds of hosts are discussed in this chapter.
Chirality
Authors: Keene F. Richard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis chapter addresses stereochemical consequences in supramolecular chemistry in terms of both the components and the ultimate assembly. In particular, it discusses the important (and sometimes elusive) concept of chirality in supramolecular aggregates—its origin, the practical aspects of separation of chiral forms and their identification and quantification. The examples taken are predominantly from metallosupramolecular systems: the deliberate construction of chiral oligonuclear assemblies as well as the principles that guide the phenomenon of self‐assembly of the components, which give rise to (inter alia) helicates, catenanes, knots, and polygons—many of which are inherently chiral. Because of the possible variations of structural motifs—in terms of both metal centers and their geometries, and of ligand types—metallosupramolecular chemistry can realize an extraordinary range of assemblies, which are not only elegant in design and varied in nature but also provide the potential for the development of new materials in nanoscience.
Luminescent Spectroscopy in Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Erbas‐Cakmak Sundus , Guliyev Ruslan , Akkaya Engin U. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Luminescence phenomena are highly sensitive to microenvironment. Consequently, supramolecular processes may induce remarkable changes in the emission character of the interacting molecular species. These changes could be useful in designing functional luminophores, such as luminescent molecular sensors for ions and neutral molecules, or just for probing supramolecular interactions. In this chapter, the photophysical processes, such as internal charge transfer (ICT), excitation energy transfer, and photoinduced electron transfer (PeT), are presented, since they are modulated by supramolecular interactions.
Uses of Differential Sensing and Arrays in Chemical Analysis
Authors: Adams Michelle M. , Joyce Leo A. , Anslyn Eric V. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to differential sensing, to detail the history of the electronic nose and tongue that led to the development of differential sensing, and to provide a spectrum of examples where differential sensing has been employed to classify and/or detect single analytes and mixtures of analytes. Using the information presented in this chapter, we hope to provide a solid background for the reader so that the differential sensing approach can be extrapolated to any desired chemical sensing purpose.