bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of strontium and mineralization in iliac bone biopsies from osteoporotic women treated long-term with strontium ranelate
Authors: Doublier Audrey , Farlay Delphine , Khebbab Mohamed T , Jaurand Xavier , Meunier Pierre J , Boivin Georges 
Published: June 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate interactions between strontium (Sr) and bone mineral and its effects on mineralization in osteoporotic women treated long-term with Sr ranelate (SrRan).DesignIn this study, 34 iliac bone biopsies were analyzed after 2, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of treatment with SrRan.MethodsSr global distribution was analyzed by X-ray cartography and the percentage of bone area containing Sr was calculated in the bone samples. The focal distribution of Sr in all bone samples was investigated by X-ray microanalysis. The degree of mineralization was assessed by quantitative microradiography.ResultsAbsent from old bone formed before the beginning of treatment, Sr was exclusively present in bone formed during this treatment with a much higher focal Sr content in new bone structural units than in old ones. A progressive increase in the extent of areas containing Sr was observed during treatment. The focal bone Sr content in recently formed bone was constant over treatment. Secondary mineralization was maintained at a normal level during treatment.ConclusionThus, the quality of bone mineralization (density and heterogeneity at tissue level) was preserved after a long-term treatment with SrRan.
Decoding Motor Signals From the Pediatric Cortex: Implications for Brain-Computer Interfaces in Children
Authors: Breshears Jonathan D. , Gaona Charles M. , Roland Jarod L. , Sharma Mohit , Anderson Nicholas R. , Bundy David T. , Freudenburg Zachary V. , Smyth Matthew D. , Zempel John , Limbrick David D. , Smart William D. , Leuthardt Eric C. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate the decodable nature of pediatric brain signals for the purpose of neuroprosthetic control. We hypothesized that children would achieve levels of brain-derived computer control comparable to performance previously reported for adults.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Six pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy who were invasively monitored underwent screening for electrocortical control signals associated with specific motor or phoneme articulation tasks. Subsequently, patients received visual feedback as they used these associated electrocortical signals to direct one dimensional cursor movement to a target on a screen.

RESULTS:
All patients achieved accuracies between 70% and 99% within 9 minutes of training using the same screened motor and articulation tasks. Two subjects went on to achieve maximum accuracies of 73% and 100% using imagined actions alone. Average mean and maximum performance for the 6 pediatric patients was comparable to that of 5 adults. The mean accuracy of the pediatric group was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.5–90.5) over a mean training time of 11.6 minutes, whereas the adult group had a mean accuracy of 72% (95% CI: 61.2–84.3) over a mean training time of 12.5 minutes. Maximum performance was also similar between the pediatric and adult groups (89.6% [95% CI: 83–96.3] and 88.5% [95% CI: 77.1–99.8], respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Similarly to adult brain signals, pediatric brain signals can be decoded and used for BCI operation. Therefore, BCI systems developed for adults likely hold similar promise for children with motor disabilities.
The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing Versus Brief Advice for Adolescent Smoking Behavior Change
Authors: Audrain-McGovern Janet , Stevens Sarah , Murray Pamela J. , Kinsman Sara , Zuckoff Allan , Pletcher Jon , Moss Deborah , Baumritter Agnieshka , Kalkhuis-Beam Susan , Carlson Elyse , Rodriguez Daniel , Wileyto E. Paul 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
In this study we sought to evaluate the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) compared with structured brief advice (SBA) for adolescent smoking behavior change.

METHODS:
Participants (N = 355) were randomly assigned to 5 sessions of either MI or SBA. The primary outcomes were attempts to reduce and to quit smoking, smoking reduction, and cotinine-validated 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence at the end of treatment (week 12) and the 24-week follow-up.

RESULTS:
White adolescents were ∼80% less likely to attempt to cut back (odds ratio [OR]: 0.21; confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.53) and &gt;80% less likely to attempt to quit smoking compared with black adolescents (OR: 0.17 [CI: 0.06–0.46]). Adolescents who were at least planning to cut back or quit smoking at baseline were almost 3 times more likely to attempt to cut back (OR: 2.87 [CI: 1.26–6.52]) and to attempt to quit smoking (OR: 3.13 [CI: 1.19–8.26]). Adolescents who received MI were ∼60% less likely than adolescents who received SBA to try to quit smoking (OR: 0.41 [CI: 0.17–0.97]). However, adolescents who received MI showed a greater reduction in cigarettes smoked per day than adolescents who received SBA (5.3 vs 3.3 fewer cigarettes per day). There were no statistically significant differences between MI and SBA in smoking abstinence (5.7% vs 5.6%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
The effects of MI on adolescent smoking behavior change are modest, and MI may best fit within a multicomponent smoking cessation treatment approach in which behavior change skills can support and promote smoking behavior change decisions.
Importance of Early Weight Change in a Pediatric Weight Management Trial
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Stein Richard I. , Saelens Brian E. , Theim Kelly R. , Epstein Leonard H. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
Early weight change is associated with overall weight loss treatment response in adults but has been relatively unexplored in youth. We investigated the importance of early weight change in a pediatric weight control trial.

METHODS:
Overweight children aged 7 to 12 years (n = 204) participated in a randomized controlled trial of 2 weight maintenance treatments (MTs) after a 20-week family-based behavioral weight loss treatment (FBT). Hierarchical regression was used to investigate the relation between children's percentage weight change at sessions 4, 6, and 8 of FBT and BMI z-score reductions after FBT and at the 2-year follow-up. Correlations and hierarchical regression were used to identify child and parent factors associated with children's early weight change.

RESULTS:
Children's percentage weight change by FBT session 8 was the best predictor of BMI z-score reductions after FBT and at 2-year follow-up. Percentage weight change in children at session 8 was associated with better FBT attendance and with greater percentage weight change in parents at FBT session 8.

CONCLUSIONS:
Early weight change seems to be related to treatment response through the end of treatment and 2-year follow-up. Future research should include investigation of strategies to promote early weight change in children and parents and identification of mechanisms through which early weight change is related to overall treatment response.
Parents' Evaluation of Media Ratings a Decade After the Television Ratings Were Introduced
Authors: Gentile Douglas A. , Maier Julia A. , Hasson Mary Rice , Lopez de Bonetti Beatriz 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The 3 national studies reported here were designed to find out how satisfied parents are with media rating systems, how regularly they use them, and what types of information they ideally would like to have.

METHODS:
Parents (n = 745, study 1; n = 768, study 2; n = 769, study 3) were surveyed nationally by independent research firms. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted by Harris Interactive, and study 3 was conducted by Research Now. All of them were cross-sectional national surveys.

RESULTS:
Parents desire ratings for many types of media, but they do not think the existing ratings accurately provide the information they want. They would prefer ratings to provide detailed content information. In general, parents tend to agree on the types and descriptors of content about which they would like to know. They do not, however, agree on the ages for which different content aspects are appropriate. Parents would support the creation of a universal rating system that could be applied to multiple types of media.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ratings can be effective only if they are useful for parents. This set of studies reveals that improvements in media ratings are needed to make them valuable for parents.
Correlation Between Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts and Inguinal Hernias in Children: An 8-Year Follow-up
Authors: Chen Yu-Chun , Wu Jau-Ching , Liu Laura , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Huang Wen-Cheng , Cheng Henrich 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) and inguinal hernias (IHs) in children.

METHODS:
Study subjects were identified from a nationwide cohort of 1 537 843 children aged 0 to 5 years from 1996 to 2000. They were assigned to the VPS group (n = 675), who received VPS, or a control group (n = 6704) of age- and gender-matched children. Both groups (N = 7379) were followed up for 8 years for IH. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS:
After the 8-year follow-up, 353 of the 7379 study subjects (78 from the VPS group and 275 from the control group) underwent IH surgery. The 8-year cumulative incidence rate of IH-repair surgery was 13.3% in the VPS group, significantly higher than that in the control group (4.1%; P &lt; .001). Children in the VPS group were more likely to develop IH than the control group (hazard ratio: 3.62; P &lt; .001), even after adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio: 6.63; P &lt; .001). The average time interval between VPS and IH surgery was 1.73 years earlier in the VPS group than those in the control group (1.29 vs 3.02 years; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Children who received a VPS when younger than 5 years were more likely to have IH; the highest risk was during the first 2 years after VPS surgery. A high index of suspicion for inguinal manifestations is recommended during their follow-up.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD45RO+ T Cells and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Cyclosporin A–Induced Rat Gingival Tissue
Authors: Alptekin Nilgün Özlem , Üstün Kemal , Yaprak Emre , Avunduk Mustafa Cihat , Ataoğlu Tamer 
Published: June 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ T cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cyclosporin A (CsA)–induced rat overgrown gingival tissue during an 8‐week period.Methods: Sixty male Sprague‐Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g were used in this study. Mandibular first molars were ligated with 3–0 silk suture. The rats received daily doses of 0.09% NaCl (control group) or 10 mg/kg body weight of CsA (test group) by intraperitoneal injections. Five rats from the control group and 10 rats from the test group were sacrificed at each experimental period (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the beginning of CsA treatment). The specimens were examined immunohistochemically.Results: CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ T cells, and VEGF expression were more prevalent in the CsA‐treated group than in the control group (P <0.05). VEGF was significantly correlated with CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and CD45RO+ cells (P <0.05).Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that VEGF, a major regulator of angiogenesis, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ memory T cells play a key role in CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Effect of Early Orthodontic Force on Periodontal Healing After Autotransplantation of Permanent Incisors in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Yang Yun , Bai Yuxing , Li Song , Li Jiangning , Gao Weimin , Ru Nan 
Published: June 2011

Background: Masticatory stimulation during the healing period may promote periodontal ligament healing. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of orthodontic force on the periodontal healing of autotransplanted teeth.Methods: A total of 30 teeth from four dogs were endodontically treated to prevent subsequent inflammatory root resorption. The teeth were atraumatically extracted and autotransplanted to the other side of the same jaw. A continuous 50‐g orthodontic force was applied during the first, second, and fourth weeks after autotransplantation. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed using vital perfusion fixation, and the teeth were histologically prepared and evaluated following the Andreasen method.Results: The application of force in the first, second, and fourth weeks after autotransplantation resulted in a lower occurrence of ankylosis. The first‐ and second‐week loading groups differed significantly from the control group (P <0.05); however, significantly more resorption and less complete healing were observed in the first‐week loading group than in the other groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that orthodontic force promotes periodontal ligament healing and that early force loading may prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis; however, a period of rest of ≥2 weeks is recommended for the autotransplants before loading.
Evaluation of Periodontal Status and Effectiveness of Non‐Surgical Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan for a 1‐Year Period
Authors: Auyeung Ling , Wang Pei‐Wen , Lin Rue‐Tsuan , Hsieh Ching‐Jung , Lee Pei‐Yu , Zhuang Rui‐Yeh , Chang Hsueh‐Wen 
Published: June 2011

Background: The periodontal status and effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are assessed.Methods: One‐hundred patients with type 2 diabetes (mean ± SD hemoglobin (Hb)A1c level: 7.3% ± 0.94%) and periodontal disease were recruited for this study. The group with moderate‐to‐severe periodontal disease included patients with >1 tooth with a probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and >2 teeth with a clinical attachment loss (AL) ≥6mm, and the group with mild periodontal disease included patients with <1 affected tooth, and >2 affected with a clinical AL ≥6mm. Patients (28 patients in the mild group and 72 patients in the moderate‐to‐severe group) underwent non‐surgical periodontal treatments. We analyzed differences in serum concentrations of metabolic parameters (glycated hemoglobin and low‐density lipoprotein), inflammatory parameters (interleukin [IL]‐1β and C‐reactive protein [CRP]), and periodontal parameters between the two groups before treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐therapy.Results: Seventy‐five patients with diabetes (21 patients in the mild group and 54 patients in the moderate‐to‐severe group) completed the study. Significant differences in the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), PD, and clinical AL at examination times were observed in the whole cohort (P <0.05). We observed significant differences in the PI, GI, and PD in the moderate‐to‐severe group (P <0.05), whereas there was only a significant difference in PD in the mild group (P <0.05) between baseline and 12 months post‐treatment. Both groups experienced improved glycemic control, but the difference was insignificant. CRP and IL‐1β levels were significantly different at examination times for the whole cohort (P <0.05). No significant positive association among metabolic and inflammatory parameters at 12 months post‐therapy were found.Conclusion: Non‐surgical periodontal treatment improved and maintained the periodontal health of patients with well‐controlled diabetes, but no significant reduction of metabolic parameters was observed over a 1‐year period.
Cytokine Profile in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Periodontitis Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Literature Review
Authors: Javed Fawad , Al‐Askar Mansour , Al‐Hezaimi Khalid 
Published: June 2011

Background: Periodontitis may occur in patients with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). It may be hypothesized that the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokine profile in patients with periodontitis with poorly controlled T2D may differ from the GCF cytokine profile in medically healthy individuals with periodontitis. The aim was to review the cytokine profiles in the GCF of patients with periodontitis with and without T2D.Methods: Databases were searched from 1988 to August 2011 using different combinations of various keywords. Titles and abstracts of articles that satisfied the eligibility criteria were screened by the authors and checked for agreement. Only articles published in English were included.Results: Ten studies were included. Two studies reported GCF concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐6 to be higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy patients with periodontitis. Two studies showed GCF IL‐6 levels to be higher in periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy subjects without periodontitis. In one study GCF levels of IL‐17, IL‐23, and interferon‐γ were higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy patients with periodontitis. In one study, GCF concentrations of IL‐8 were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy individuals with periodontitis. Three studies reported GCF levels of IL‐1α to be significantly higher in patients with periodontitis with T2D compared to medically healthy individuals with periodontitis.Conclusion: The GCF cytokine profile in patients with and without T2D seems to be governed by the intensity of periodontal inflammation and the role of T2D in this regard is rather secondary.
Real-Time Drilling Operations Centers: A History of Functionality and Organizational Purpose—The Second Generation
Authors: Booth J.E.. E. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Two phases in the evolution of drilling operations centers are identified on the basis of published information. The first was examined in detail in an earlier paper (Booth 2009). The second is examined here by way of a review of several operators’ strategies over time and in different areas of operation. The first generation of centers was short-lived, failing to survive the reductions in oil price and drilling activities of the late 1980s. The second generation, beginning in the early 2000s, benefited from rapid evolution of information technology in the intervening years and is part of a broader trend toward integrated operations and collaborative work processes. Common trends are identified from the case histories presented. These include a discussion of foundational capability, data and architecture standards, higher-level work processes, and organizational-change management.
Silica-Templated Synthesis of Novel Zinc-DTPMP Nanomaterials: Their Transport in Carbonate and Sandstone Media During Scale Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Ping , Kan Amy T. , Fan Chunfang , Work Sarah N. , Yu Jie , Lu Haiping , Al-Saiari Hamad A. , Tomson Mason B. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
In this study, a silica-templated synthesis route was adopted for fabrication of zinc phosphonate nanomaterials to expand their use in the delivery of phosphonate inhibitors into crushed formation materials for scale control. Transition divalent metal Zn2+ was chosen because of its ability to significantly increase inhibitor retention and effectiveness. Zinc chloride was first adsorbed onto the surface of 22-nm silica particles, followed by gradual addition of diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) to form nanometer-sized particles in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized Si-Zn-DTPMP nanomaterial suspension (nanofluid) have been carefully evaluated. The nanofluid was stable at 70°C in 1% KCl at pH 6.7 for over 12 hours. The transport of the synthesized nanofluid through columns of crushed calcite and sandstone has been investigated using column breakthrough experiments and modeled with a 1D advection-dispersion equation. The nanofluid was transportable through these media, and near-total breakthrough could be obtained by preflushing the media with an anionic SDBS surfactant solution. The nanofluid was transformed from an amorphous phase into a crystalline phase during diafiltration. The crystalline-phase materials demonstrated a much longer inhibitor lifetime compared with the untreated ones. The long-term flowback performance of the crystalline nanofluid was examined with a laboratory squeeze-simulation test where the nanomaterials gradually returned phosphonate inhibitors in the flowback brine solution, and the normalized return volume was greater than the previously reported nanomaterials squeeze treatments.
Restimulation of Unconventional Reservoirs: When Are Refracs Beneficial?
Authors: Vincent Michael 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Restimulation treatments have been attempted in a wide variety of reservoirs, and more than 140 papers have been published documenting the success and failure of these efforts. A database of these published examples has been compiled and analyzed to identify the mechanisms responsible for production improvement following restimulation with propped fractures (refracs). A portion of this database was recently published (Vincent 2010), and specific field examples were highlighted to demonstrate that refrac treatments can improve production by numerous mechanisms, including
Enlarged fracture geometry
Improved pay coverage through increased fracture height in vertical wells
Greater lateral coverage in horizontal wells or initiation of more transverse fractures
Increased fracture conductivity compared with initial frac
Restoration of fracture-conductivity loss caused by embedment, cyclic stress, proppant degradation, gel damage, scale, asphaltene precipitation, fines plugging, and other factors
Increased conductivity in previously unpropped or inadequately propped portions of fracture
Use of more-suitable fracturing fluids
Reorientation caused by stress-field alterations, leading to contact of "new" rock
This paper will briefly review restimulation attempts in six Canadian reservoirs of interest to the local audience, and will then present a more-detailed review of restimulation of horizontal wells in the unconventional Bakken oil formation. In addition to a summary of published results, this paper will introduce a significant amount of previously unpublished data regarding refrac treatments of horizontal laterals completed in the Middle Bakken. This study will identify several additional concerns and opportunities with restimulating horizontal wellbores that were not previously identified in literature reviews. This organized summary of field results and references will provide significant value to readers evaluating or designing restimulation treatments.