bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐evolution of departmental research collaboration and scholarly outcomes
Authors: Katerndahl David 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRationaleUnderstanding scientific collaboration networks can assist research centres to develop strategies to maximize productivity, and help diagnose the causes of low system productivity. The purpose of this study was to use social network analysis to better understand how research collaboration within a productive department impacts scholarly productivity individually and departmentally.MethodsOver a 13‐year period, departmental faculty completed an annual survey describing their research collaborations and scholarly productivity. Data were analyzed using social network analysis.Quadratic assignment procedureregression assessed the predictive value that an individual's measures of centrality within the network and effective size of their own network (egonet) had each year in predicting each scholarly outcome.SimulationInvestigation forEmpiricalNetworkAnalysis software assessed the co‐evolution of the collaborative network and scholarship.ResultsWhile no consistent patterns for individual's presentations were seen, individual's publications were associated with betweenness and eigenvector centrality, and effective egonet size. Grant submissions were associated with degree and eigenvector centrality, as well as effective egonet size. Departmentally, network dynamics depended upon the scholarship of those around you, but none of the forms of scholarship depended upon network characteristics. Of the three forms of scholarship, network dynamics depended primarily on publications in others.ConclusionAlthough individual scholarship was dependent upon individual centrality and effective egonet size, research collaboration within the department depended upon reciprocity, transitivity and scholarly productivity of its constituent investigators. Scholarly dynamics, at a departmental level, did not depend upon network characteristics.
Visceral analgesia induced by acute and repeated water avoidance stress in rats: sex difference in opioid involvement
Authors: Larauche M. , Mulak A. , Kim Y. S. , Labus J. , Million M. , Taché Y. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  Chronic psychological stress‐induced alterations in visceral sensitivity have been predominantly assessed in male rodents. We investigated the effect of acute and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) on the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD) and the role of opioids in male and cycling female Wistar rats using a novel non‐invasive manometric technique.Methods  After a baseline VMR (1st CRD, day 0), rats were exposed to WAS (1 h day−1) either once or for four consecutive days, without injection or with naloxone (1 mg kg−1) or saline injected subcutaneously before each WAS session.Key Results  The VMR to CRD recorded on day 1 or 4 immediately after the last WAS was reduced in both females and males. The visceral analgesia was mainly naloxone‐dependent in females, but naloxone‐independent in males. In non‐injected animals, on days 2 and 5, VMR was not significantly different from baseline in males whereas females exhibited a significant VMR increase at 60 mmHg on day 5. Basal CRD and CRD on days 1, 2, and 5 in both sexes without WAS induced similar VMR.Conclusions & Inferences  When monitored non‐invasively, psychological stress induces an immediate poststress visceral analgesia mediated by an opiate signaling system in females while naloxone‐independent in males, and hyperalgesia at 24 h after repeated stress only in females. These data highlight the importance of sex‐specific interventions to modulate visceral pain response to stress.
An accurate and reliable real time SNP genotyping assay for the HLA‐G +3142 bp C>G polymorphism
Authors: Bortolotti D. , Gentili V. , Melchiorri L. , Rotola A. , Rizzo R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G is a non classical HLA class I antigen with immuno‐modulatory functions. The HLA‐G gene is characterized by a +3142C>G variant in the 3′ untranslated region which is suggested to control protein production and to be associated with pathological conditions. DNAs form 221 randomly selected healthy subjects were genotyped for HLA‐G +3142C>G polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) (BaeGI), real‐time PCR and sequencing. The 19% of the PCR‐RFLP heterozygous samples were genotyped as 3142GG by real‐time PCR and sequencing. This disagreement is caused by digestion efficiency in PCR‐RFLP. This real‐time PCR method will guarantee an accurate genotyping for future research and clinical purposes, where large cohorts should be tested.
Developing a typology for local cattle breed farmers in Europe
Authors: Soini K. , Diaz C. , Gandini G. , de Haas Y. , Lilja T. , Martin‐Collado D. , Pizzi F. ,   EURECA – consortium, Hiemstra S. J. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryRecognizing cultural diversity among local breed farmers is crucial for the successful development and implementation of farm animal genetic resources FAnGr conservation policies and programmes. In this study based on survey data collected in the EUropean REgional CAttle breeds project from six European countries, a typology of local breed farmers was designed and profiles for each of the farmer types were developed to assist these policy needs. Three main farmer types were constructed: production‐oriented, product and service‐oriented and hobby‐oriented farmers. In addition, seven subtypes were characterized under the main types: sustainable producers, opportunists, multi‐users, brand makers, traditionalists, pragmatists and newcomers. These types have many similarities to the ‘productivist’, ‘multifunctional’ and ‘post‐productivist’ farmer types. The typology not only reveals the high level of diversity among local cattle breed farmers in Europe, which presents an opportunity for thein situconservation of animal genetic resources, but also a challenge for policy to meet the differing requirements of the farmer types.
Octopaminergic modulation of contrast gain adaptation in fly visual motion‐sensitive neurons
Authors: Rien Diana , Kern Roland , Kurtz Rafael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLocomotor activity like walking or flying has recently been shown to alter visual processing in several species. In insects, the neuromodulator octopamine is thought to play an important role in mediating state changes during locomotion of the animal [K.D. Longden & H.G. Krapp (2009) J. Neurophysiol., 102, 3606–3618; (2010) Front. Syst. Neurosci., 4, 153; S.N. Jung et al. (2011)J. Neurosci., 31, 9231–9237]. Here, we used the octopamine agonist chlordimeform (CDM) to mimic effects of behavioural state changes on visual motion processing. We recorded from identified motion‐sensitive visual interneurons in the lobula plate of the blowfly Calliphora vicina. In these neurons, which are thought to be involved in visual guidance of locomotion, motion adaptation leads to a prominent attenuation of contrast sensitivity. Following CDM application, the neurons maintained high contrast sensitivity in the adapted state. This modulation of contrast gain adaptation was independent of the activity of the recorded neurons, because it was also present after stimulation with visual motion that did not result in deviations from the neurons’ resting activity. We conclude that CDM affects presynaptic inputs of the recorded neurons. Accordingly, the effect of CDM was weak when adapting and test stimuli were presented in different parts of the receptive field, stimulating separate populations of local presynaptic neurons. In the peripheral visual system adaptation depends on the temporal frequency of the stimulus pattern and is therefore related to pattern velocity. Contrast gain adaptation could therefore be the basis for a shift in the velocity tuning that was previously suggested to contribute to state‐dependent processing of visual motion information in the lobula plate interneurons.
Citizen Centric Service in the Australian Department of Human Services: The Department's Experience in Engaging the Community in Co‐design of Government Service Delivery and Developments in E‐Government Services (澳大利亚人类服务部以公民为中心的服务：该部门在促进群体参与协同设计政府服务提供和发展在电子政府的经验)
Authors: Bridge Colin 
Published: July 2012

The Department of Human Services (DHS) is responsible for delivering the majority of the Australian Governments social, health and welfare programs. Government services have traditionally been delivered in policy program silos. However, there has been growing acknowledgement of the overlapping needs of those accessing services, such as employment, mental health and housing. Co‐design moves towards gaining an understanding of the experiences of the users and their communities, and giving these communities a legitimate role in development and design. Co‐design is about finding the balance between what customers want, what is possible and what is viable. DHS has undertaken a series of community fora to better understand these needs and wants, to further inform the development of new service offers under the Australian Government's Service Delivery Reform (SDR) agenda. DHS has also introduced eServices to further improve customer access, and to inform DHS to better develop products that meet customer needs. Co‐design is an important feature of contemporary service delivery by DHS.人类服务部（DHS）负责提供澳大利亚政府大部分的社会，卫生和福利计划。政府服务传统上是有由政策项目来执行的。然而，越来越多的使用诸如就业，心理健康和住房等服务的人认识到了他们相互重叠的需求。协同设计旨在了解用户及其群体的体验，并且在发展和设计过程中给予这些团体权利。协同设计是要在客户想要什么，什么是可能的，什么是可行的之间找到平衡。人类服务部已开始了解一系列群体，从而更好地理解他们的需求和希望，进一步帮助发展基于澳大利亚政府公共服务改革（SDR）议程的新服务。人类服务部还推出了电子服务，以进一步提高客户的访问，并使人类服务部能够开发出产更好的产品来满足客户的需求。协同设计是当下由人类资源部提供的服务的一个重要特征。
Standing Up for the Victim, Siding with the Bully or Standing by? Bystander Responses in Bullying Situations
Authors: Pöyhönen Virpi , Juvonen Jaana , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study we examined children's self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and outcome values in relation to bystander responses in bullying situations. We proposed that beyond the effect of self‐efficacy, the decision to defend the victim of bullying vs. remain passive vs. reinforce the bully depends on outcomes children expect from defending, and on the value they place on these outcomes. Our sample consisted of 6397 Finnish children (3232 girls and 3165 boys) from third, fourth, and fifth grades (mean ages 9–11 years). Results showed that the motivational underpinnings of defending the victim, remaining passive, and reinforcing the bully varied. Defending was associated with the expectation that the victim feels better as a result of defending as well as valuing such an outcome. Reinforcement of bullying was associated with negative expectations and not caring about the positive outcomes. Conflicting expectations and values were linked to remaining passive. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for anti‐bullying interventions.
Approximated fuzzy logic controlled shunt active power filter for improved power quality
Authors: Singh Rambir , Singh Asheesh K. , Arya Rakesh K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractShunt active power filters have been widely used for power quality improvement. With the advancement in artificial intelligence techniques, the applications of fuzzy logic‐based control systems have increased manifolds. This paper proposes a reduced rule fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in the voltage control loop of a shunt active power filter (APF), which is approximating a conventional large rule FLC. The difference between the controlled outputs of two controllers is compensated by proposed compensating factors. The dynamic response and harmonic compensation performance of proposed 4‐rule approximated fuzzy logic controller (AFLC) is compared with 25‐rule FLC. A three‐phase shunt APF is used for harmonic and reactive power compensation. The proposed scheme is tested with randomly varying single and multiple non‐linear loads. The simulation results presented under transient and steady‐state conditions confirm that the proposed 4‐rule AFLC efficiently approximates the 25‐rule FLC. The proposed control methodology takes less computational time and computational memory as the numbers of rules are reduced significantly.
Association rule mining using genetic programming to provide feedback to instructors from multiple‐choice quiz data
Authors: Romero Cristóbal , Zafra Amelia , Luna Jose María , Ventura Sebastián 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes the application of association rule mining to improve quizzes and courses. First, the paper shows how to preprocess quiz data and how to create several data matrices for use in the process of knowledge discovery. Next, the proposed algorithm that uses grammar‐guided genetic programming is described and compared with both classical and recent soft‐computing association rule mining algorithms. Then, different objective and subjective rule evaluation measures are used to select the most interesting and useful rules. Experiments have been carried out by using real data of university students enrolled on an artificial intelligence practice Moodle's course on the CLIPS programming language. Some examples of these rules are shown, together with the feedback that they provide to instructors making decisions about how to improve quizzes and courses. Finally, starting with the information provided by the rules, the CLIPS quiz and course have been updated. These innovations have been evaluated by comparing the performance achieved by students before and after applying the changes using one control group and two different experimental groups.
Finger tapping‐related activation differences in treatment‐naïve pediatric Tourette syndrome: a comparison of the preferred and nonpreferred hand
Authors: Roessner Veit , Wittfoth Matthias , August Julia M. , Rothenberger Aribert , Baudewig Jürgen , Dechent Peter 
Published: July 2012

Background:  Disturbances of motor circuitry are commonly encountered in Tourette syndrome (TS). The aim of this study was to investigate simple motor performance differences between boys with TS and healthy controls.Methods:  We attempted to provide insight into motor network alterations by studying a group of treatment‐naïve patients suffering from ‘pure’ TS, i.e., without comorbid symptomatology at an early stage of disease. We used functional MRI to compare activation patterns during right (preferred) and left (nonpreferred) index finger tapping between 22 TS boys (12.6 ± 1.7 years) and 22 age‐matched healthy control boys.Results:  Boys with TS revealed altered motor network recruitment for right (dominant) and left (nondominant) index finger tapping. Brain activation patterns in response to index finger tapping of the nonpreferred left hand reflected the most prominent differences, including activation decrease in contralateral sensorimotor cortex while recruiting premotor and prefrontal regions along with the left inferior parietal lobule to a greater extent.Conclusions:  This study demonstrates clear functional differences of simple index finger tapping in early‐stage TS. We suggest that this reflects the requirement for additional brain networks to keep a normal performance level during the actual task and adaptive mechanisms due to continuous tic suppression and performance in TS.
Long‐term effect of compost and inorganic fertilizer on activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes in aggregates of an intensively cultivated sandy loam
Authors: YU H.Y. , DING W.X. , LUO J.F. , DONNISON A. , ZHANG J.B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe activities of carbon‐cycle enzymes were measured in soil and aggregates to understand compost and inorganic fertilizer amendment effects on soil organic carbon accumulation in an intensively cultivated upland field. Soil samples were collected from a long‐term field experiment with seven treatments: compost, half‐compost N plus half‐fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK and no fertilizer control. The 18‐yr continuous application of compost increased organic C content in soil and three aggregate sizes by 72–124 and 78–234%, respectively, compared with the control. Fertilization also significantly increased organic C contents in soil, macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction, but not in microaggregates. Compost application significantly reduced the specific activities of polyphenol oxidase (activity per unit organic C) in soil and three aggregate sizes compared with control, whereas fertilization had a much weaker effect. Compost amendment also significantly lowered the specific activities of invertase in macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction, and this effect was more pronounced than the addition of fertilizer NPK. In contrast, inorganic fertilizer and compost application significantly increased the specific activities of cellobiohydrolase in soil, macroaggregates and microaggregates (but not in the silt + clay fraction), and xylosidase in microaggregates. The application of fertilizer NPK had a more pronounced effect than compost. We considered that the increase in organic C in compost‐amended soil was therefore probably associated with the accumulation of lignocellulose and sucrose in macroaggregates, lignocellulose and hemicellulose in microaggregates and lignin (its derivative) and nonstructural carbohydrates in the silt + clay fraction. However, the application of fertilizer NPK enhanced organic C probably due to an increase in the content of lignin (its derivative) and sucrose in macroaggregates and the silt + clay fraction. Therefore, the application of compost with high lignocellulose should be effective to increase soil organic C in the North China Plain.
Spatio‐temporal change of soil organic matter content of Jiangsu Province, China, based on digital soil maps
Authors: SUN X.‐L. , ZHAO Y.‐G. , WU Y.‐J. , ZHAO M.‐S. , WANG H.‐L. , ZHANG G.‐L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEstimation of spatio‐temporal change of soil is needed for various purposes. Commonly used methods for the estimation have some shortcomings. To estimate spatio‐temporal change of soil organic matter (SOM) in Jiangsu province, China, this study explored benefits of digital soil maps (DSM) by handling mapping uncertainty using stochastic simulation. First, SOM maps on different dates, the 1980s and 2006–2007, were constructed using robust geostatistical methods. Then, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) was used to generate 500 realizations of SOM in the area for the two dates. Finally, E‐type (i.e. conditional mean) temporal change of SOM and its associated uncertainty, probability and confidence interval were computed. Results showed that SOM increased in 70% of Jiangsu province and decreased in the remaining 30% during the past decades. As a whole, SOM increased by 0.22% on average. Spatial variance of SOM diminished, but the major spatial pattern was retained. The maps of probability and confidence intervals for SOM change gave more detailed information and credibility about this change. Comparatively, variance of spatio‐temporal change of SOM derived using SGS was much smaller than sum of separate kriging variances for the two dates, because of lower mapping variances derived using SGS. This suggests an advantage of the method based on digital soil maps with uncertainty dealt with using SGS for deriving spatio‐temporal change in soil.
Sensitivity and specificity of seizure‐onset zone estimation by ictal magnetoencephalography
Authors: Medvedovsky Mordekhay , Taulu Samu , Gaily Eija , Metsähonkala Eeva‐Liisa , Mäkelä Jyrki P. , Ekstein Dana , Kipervasser Svetlana , Neufeld Miri Y. , Kramer Uri , Blomstedt Göran , Fried Itzhak , Karppinen Atte , Veshchev Igor , Roivainen Reina , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassah , Wilenius Juha , Paetau Ritva 
Published: July 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Ictal video–electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used to establish ictal onset‐zone location. Recently software development has enabled systematic studies of ictal magnetoencephalography (MEG). In this article, we evaluate the ability of ictal MEG signals to localize the seizure‐onset zone.Methods:  Twenty‐six patients underwent ictal MEG and epilepsy surgery. Prediction of seizure‐onset zone by ictal and interictal MEG was retrospectively compared with ictal‐onset area found by intracranial EEG in 12 patients. The specificity and sensitivity of the prediction were calculated at hemisphere‐lobe (HL) and at hemisphere‐lobe‐surface (HLS) levels.Key Findings:  The sensitivity of ictal MEG source localization was 0.958 on HL and 0.706 on HLS levels, and its specificity was 0.900 on HL and 0.731 on HLS levels. The interictal MEG dipole cluster, defined as >10 dipoles on one lobar surface, had sensitivity of 0.400 and specificity of 0.769. Ictal MEG was equally sensitive and specific on dorsolateral and nondorsolateral neocortical surfaces up to a depth of 4 cm from the scalp.Significance:  Sources of ictal‐onset MEG signals and interictal dipole clusters are essentially equally specific in estimation of the ictal‐onset zone on lobar surface resolution, but ictal MEG is more sensitive. On the lobe resolution, ictal MEG estimates ictal‐onset zone with high sensitivity and specificity.