bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure determination of [3Fe2S] complex with complicated pseudo-merohedric twinning
Authors: Liu Leifeng , Li Mingrun , Gao Weiming , Åkermark Björn , Sun Junliang 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A route of solving crystal structures from complicated pseudo-merohedric twinning crystals was described. The structure of a [3Fe2S] complex was solved and refined in the space group of P42/n to R1 factor of 0.1789. Consequently, by deleting one of the two disordered groups in the structure, a space group of Aea2 for the absolute structure was found. The new absolute structure with four twinning components was refined to R1 about 0.1171. At the final stage, the disorder was again added to the structure. The structure in space group Aea2 with both twinning and disorder was refined to R1 of 0.0722, which implies the special structure feature.
Analgesic Effect of Breast Milk Versus Sucrose for Analgesia During Heel Lance in Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Simonse Eva , Mulder Paul G. H. , van Beek Ron H. T. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this trial was to investigate whether breast milk (either breastfed or bottle-fed) has a better analgesic effect than sucrose in newborns born at a postmenstrual age between 32 and 37 weeks.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized controlled trial at a secondary care neonatal unit in the Netherlands on 71 preterm neonates (postmenstrual age at birth 32–37 weeks), undergoing heel lance with an automated piercing device. Newborns were randomly assigned to breast milk (either breastfed or bottle-fed) administered during heel lance or oral sucrose administered before heel lance. We assessed the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) score (range, 0–21) to investigate whether there was a difference in pain score between neonates receiving breast milk and those receiving sucrose solution.

RESULTS:
There was no significant difference in mean PIPP score between neonates receiving breast milk (6.1) and those receiving sucrose (5.5), with a mean difference of 0.6 (95% confidence interval −1.6 to 2.8; P = .58).

CONCLUSIONS:
From this study, it cannot be concluded that breast milk has a better analgesic effect than sucrose in late preterm infants. From the results, it follows with 95% confidence that the analgesic effect of breast milk is not &gt;1.6 points better and not &gt; 2.8 points worse on the PIPP scale (SD 3.7) than the analgesic effect of sucrose in late preterm infants.
Clinic-Integrated Behavioral Intervention for Families of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nansel Tonja R. , Iannotti Ronald J. , Liu Aiyi 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To test the effect on diabetes management outcomes of a low-intensity, clinic-integrated behavioral intervention for families of youth with type 1 diabetes.

METHODS:
Families (n = 390) obtaining care for type 1 diabetes participated in a 2-year randomized clinical trial of a clinic-integrated behavioral intervention designed to improve family diabetes management practices. Measurement of hemoglobin A1c, the primary outcome, was obtained at each clinic visit and analyzed centrally. Blood glucose meter data were downloaded at each visit. Adherence was assessed by using a semistructured interview at baseline, mid-study, and follow-up. Analyses included 2-sample t tests at predefined time intervals and mixed-effect linear-quadratic models to assess for difference in change in outcomes across the study duration.

RESULTS:
A significant overall intervention effect on change in glycemic control from baseline was observed at the 24-month interval (P = .03). The mixed-effect model showed a significant intervention by age interaction (P &lt; .001). Among participants aged 12 to 14, a significant effect on glycemic control was observed (P = .009 for change from baseline to 24-month interval; P = .035 for mixed-effect model across study duration), but there was no effect among those aged 9 to 11. There was no intervention effect on child or parent report of adherence; however, associations of change in adherence with change in glycemic control were weak.

CONCLUSIONS:
This clinic-integrated behavioral intervention was effective in preventing the deterioration in glycemic control evident during adolescence, offering a potential model for integrating medical and behavioral sciences in clinical care.
Influence of the Electron Blocking Layer on the Performance of Multilayer White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Weichsel Caroline , Reineke Sebastian , Lüssem Björn , Leo Karl 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe effect of the electron blocking layer on the performance of white organic light-emitting diodes is studied. A variation of the material influences not only the carrier transport, but also the light distribution from the different emitters. Highest external quantum efficiency is reached for the material with the worst electrical properties, while highest luminous efficacy is obtained for the material with the best transport characteristics.
Raman Spectroscopy on Individual Identified Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Parret R. , Levshov D. , Than T. X. , Nakabayashi D. , Michel T. , Paillet M. , Arenal R. , Popov V. N. , Jourdain V. , Yuzyuk Yu. I. , Zahab A. A. , Sauvajol J.-L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we discuss the low-frequency range of the Raman spectrum of individual suspended index-identified single-walled (SWCNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). In SWCNTs, the role of environment on the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequency is discussed. We show that the interaction between the surrounding air and the nanotube does not induce a RBM upshift. In several DWCNTs, we evidence that the low-frequency modes cannot be connected to the RBM of each related layer. We discuss this result in terms of mechanical coupling between the layers which results in collective radial breathing-like modes. The mechanical coupling qualitatively explains the observation of Raman lines of radial breathing-like modes, whenever only one of the layers is in resonance with the incident laser energy.
Characterizations of PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Organic Anodes
Authors: Banoukepa G.D.R. , Ichikawa M. , Antony R. , Dutreilh-Colas M. , Ratier B. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTOur works have been concentred on the characterization of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites films in order to obtain a new easy processing anode for organic device. The morphology and charge transport in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly (4-styrenesulfonate) / SWCNT thin layers was investigated. PEDOT:PSS polymer acts as host material and an excellent dispersion of metallic single wall carbon nanotube (m-SWCNT) can be achieved enhancing the polymer’s electrical properties. The PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT films are prepared on glass substrates using spin coating method. Raman spectroscopy has been used to observe the surface states of PEDOT: PSS/SWCNT films and to realize Raman mapping that allow determining the homogeneity of the SWCNT dispersion into the films. Optical and electrical characterizations (sheet resistance, conductivity) of the films are also presented.
Development of novel bioelectrocatalytic platform based on in situ generated gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Pandey Prem C. , Chauhan Dheeraj S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTGold nanoparticles (AuNp) formed using alkoxysilane precursors are utilized in the development of thin organically modified silicates (ormosil) films. The resulting films are optically transparent thereby retaining the optical properties of AuNp. Surface morphology shows that the in situ generated AuNp retained their nanogeometry in the ormosil films. An application of the AuNp encapsulated ormosils is shown in electrocatalytic determination of hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, potassium ferricyanide is chosen as electron transfer mediator and is encapsulated in the films. Results show that the presence of AuNp in the ormosil matrix dramatically improves the electrochemical behavior of potassium ferricyanide. The ormosil films are utilized for electrocatalytic determination of hydrogen peroxide. In order to investigate the biocompatibility of the ormosil film, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is incorporated resulting in improvement in oxidation and reduction of peroxide.
Neighborhood and habitat effects on vital rates: expansion of the Barred Owl in the Oregon Coast Ranges
Authors: Yackulic Charles B. , Reid Janice , Davis Raymond , Hines James E. , Nichols James D. , Forsman Eric 
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we modify dynamic occupancy models developed for detection‐nondetection data to allow for the dependence of local vital rates on neighborhood occupancy, where neighborhood is defined very flexibly. Such dependence of occupancy dynamics on the status of a relevant neighborhood is pervasive, yet frequently ignored. Our framework permits joint inference about the importance of neighborhood effects and habitat covariates in determining colonization and extinction rates. Our specific motivation is the recent expansion of the Barred Owl (Strix varia) in western Oregon, USA, over the period 1990–2010. Because the focal period was one of dramatic range expansion and local population increase, the use of models that incorporate regional occupancy (sources of colonists) as determinants of dynamic rate parameters is especially appropriate.We began our analysis of 21 years of Barred Owl presence/nondetection data in the Tyee Density Study Area (TDSA) by testing a suite of six models that varied only in the covariates included in the modeling of detection probability. We then tested whether models that used regional occupancy as a covariate for colonization and extinction outperformed models with constant or year‐specific colonization or extinction rates. Finally we tested whether habitat covariates improved the AIC of our models, focusing on which habitat covariates performed best, and whether the signs of habitat effects are consistent with a priori hypotheses.We conclude that all covariates used to model detection probability lead to improved AIC, that regional occupancy influences colonization and extinction rates, and that habitat plays an important role in determining extinction and colonization rates. As occupancy increases from low levels toward equilibrium, colonization increases and extinction decreases, presumably because there are more and more dispersing juveniles. While both rates are affected, colonization increases more than extinction decreases. Colonization is higher and extinction is lower in survey polygons with more riparian forest. The effects of riparian forest on extinction rates are greater than on colonization rates. Model results have implications for management of the invading Barred Owl, both through habitat alteration and removal.
The Mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle of Paris
Authors: Bardet Nathalie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTaking advantage of the venue in Paris of the Third Mosasaur Meeting (May 2010), the mosasaur collections of the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) have been entirely checked and revised. The French holotypes have all been restored and most specimens kept at the MNHN have been placed in the Paleontology Gallery as part as a small exhibition organized especially for the meeting. The MNHN mosasaur collections include specimens from the 18th, 19th and 20th century from France, The Netherlands, Belgium, the United States of America, Morocco, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Niger. Most of the mosasaur specimens discovered in France – including most holotypes – are kept in Paris. Besides the French types, the MNHN collections include several important historical specimens from abroad, the most famous being undoubtedly the Cuvier’s ‘Grand Animal Fossile des Carrières de Maestricht’, type specimen of Mosasaurus hoffmanniMantell, 1829, recognized as the first mosasaur to be named. This work aims to briefly present most of these specimens, with special focus on those found in France. The MNHN mosasaurid collections as a whole reflects the development of palaeontological researches in this Institution, from its foundation at the end of the 18th century up to the present time.
The mosasaurs (Squamata, Mosasauridae) of the Garcet Collection
Authors: Cornelissen Dirk , Verding Louis , Schulp Anne S. , Jagt John W.M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Robert Garcet (April 12, 1912 – December 26, 2001) amassed a remarkable collection of mosasaur fossils from upper Maastrichtian strata in the Eben Emael-Lava area (Liège, Belgium), just south of the type section of the Maastrichtian Stage at the St Pietersberg (Maastricht, the Netherlands). His small-scale, non-mechanised quarrying activities permitted the recovery of numerous articulated vertebrate fossils. Garcet’s quarries were situated at a deeper level than most of the current, large-scale excavations in the area. This explains why material of Mosasaurus hoffmanni contained in his collections enables an extension of the known range of that species on the basis of articulated, unequivocally identified specimens, to comprise the last c. 2,3 m.y. of the Cretaceous.
Advanced PreDrill Simulations for Safer and More Cost-effective Drilling
Authors: Sui Dan , Gulsrud Thor O. , Kristoffersen Espen 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper describes an advanced technical method for the evaluation of planned drilling operations with respect to predictions of key drilling parameters, such as Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), temperature, pore pressure, wellbore stability and torque & drag. By utilizing an automatic supervision and decision support system through analyzing the dynamic predictions of drilling parameters, the methodology will reduce the potential of drilling hazards, such as kicks, wellbore instability, stuck pipe and lost circulation. This will contribute to increased safety margins, reduced risks and reduced drilling nonproductive time (NPT) costs. The performance of the methodology is demonstrated using real-world data from a North Sea well. Experiences from the PreDrill system will be summarized and presented.
Multiple Criteria Casing Seat Selection Method
Authors: Aadnoy Bernt S. , Kaarstad Eirik , Belayneh Mesfin 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Well integrity has become an important subject in recent years. It implies that one or two well barriers must be in place at all times in a well. The casing represents a central part of the barriers. A number of elements are involved in the selection of the depth of a casing. These elements relate to pore pressure, geomechanics and well control. However, these elements are evaluated separately in the well design process.
The paper presents a new integrated method for selection of casing seat locations that includes 1) the fundamental gas filled casing criterion, 2) the minimum mud weight to drill next section, 3) the kick margin, 4) the riser margin, 5) assessment of the weak point in the well and 6) the tubing leak criterion for the production casing. The weak point criterion compares casing shoe strength with burst strength below the wellhead. The objective is to avoid failures below the wellhead, and to ensure that the casing shoe represents the weak point in the well.
All these criteria are defined and integrated into a generalized casing depth model. Here the casing depth is chosen by deciding on acceptable kick margins and casing qualities. The model is ideal for sensitivity and uncertainty analysis as all 6 criteria are satisfied for the solutions chosen, and it is valid both for vertical wells and deviated wells. Examples are included in the paper.
This new method is considered one step towards a more systematic approach to ensure well integrity, and also as a tool to optimize casing type-casing depth.
Building an Automated Drilling System Where Surface Machines are Controlled by Downhole and Surface Data to Optimize the Well Construction Process
Authors: Pink Tony , Bruce Andrew , Kverneland Hege , Applewhite Brad 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper discusses the market analysis, system architecture and specifications which went into designing a new automated drilling system and the subsequent building of that system. After substantial industry research, it was decided that an automated drilling system was needed in order to improve operational safety whilst drilling a faster and better well, at the same time, satisfying the following criteria:- –the control system needs to be the same on every type of drilling rig–it should have an open architecture, both downhole and on the surface–it should be economically viable in the low cost unconventional drilling market–be able to be run with minimal personnel–customer configurable, and–the design such that the rig surface equipment can be controlled in response to downhole data streamed up via any telemetry type (wired drill pipe, mud pulse, or electromagnetic EM).
As the data enters the new rig control system, it is prioritized and distributed to appropriate applications. The open architecture allows any party to create their own applications to control any specific part of the drilling process. An initial drilling optimization application is being developed which uses an advanced auto driller application, controlled by downhole data rather than surface data. Surface weight-on-bit, flow and RPM are rotations per minute optimized by utilizing down-hole weight on bit, torque and RPM.
Sophisticated applications will subsequently be developed for Vibration Management, Hole Cleaning, Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) Management, Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), Kick Detection, Directional Drilling and Drilling Efficiency, and other criteria.
The significance of this project to the Oil and Gas industry is vast. It will allow an automated drilling system to deliver huge performance improvements to the well construction process, help fill the competency gap that exists in our industry, and will enable new downhole technologies and surface applications to be introduced much more rapidly.
Optimized Pumping Design Brings Expressive Cost Reduction for Offshore Openhole Gravel Pack Operations
Authors: de Magalhães J. V. , Leal R. A. , Ferreira M. V. , Martins A. L. , Santos R. P. , Calderon A. , e Silva D. N. , Simões B. C. , Miranda D. B. , Barbosa D. P. , Nunes M. J. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Sand control is a major issue for offshore unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, where any workover or production interruption event is associated with high costs. Horizontal well openhole gravel packs proved to be a very reliable strategy to prevent sand production in the prolific offshore Brazil fields. Over 250 operations were successfully performed in different critical scenarios, such as ultra deepwater wells, long horizontals, in the presence of shale interlayers, etc.
Pushed by the present fluctuations in oil production revenues and aware of the expressive costs related to gravel pumping operations, PETROBRAS started a broad R&D and field test strategy to reduce operational times and costs. This article details both aspects of the development, as follows: An unique flow loop test program developed as a technical cooperation agreement with HALLIBURTON, including real scale 8.5 in open hole and 12.25 in rat hole sections. Such tests allowed the validation of novel technology, pumping procedures and products including limit flow rates which avoid premature rat hole screen outs, low cost conventional and lightweight propants and high concentration slurry pumping.2. The learning curve of new pumping design strategies, and their associated cost reduction, in different offshore fields including Marlim Sul, Albacora Leste, Marlim Leste, Roncador, Jubarte and Golfinho fields. New strategies contemplate multiple alpha waves, multiple propants and high concentration slurry designs.
Performance Evaluation of a New Transient Two-Phase Flow Model
Authors: Li J. , Teixeira M. , Salim P. , Fan Y. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Transient gas-liquid flow is a common phenomenon in the drilling, workover and gas/oil production processes. Any change in the operating conditions at the inlet or outlet will introduce a transient response. Operations such as liquid unloading, under balanced drilling with gasified fluid, well control, cementing, hole cleaning, pipeline startup and blowout may never reach a steady state. In order to simulate the flow system, several transient two-phase flow simulators have been developed in the past. However, these models are based on the two-fluid model approach. They are complicated and time consuming to run since they treat the gas and liquid phase separately in terms of pressure, temperature and velocity.
In this paper a new transient two-phase flow model has been developed. In each time step, the two-phase flow regime, liquid holdup and pressure gradient are estimated with the empirical correlations which are well developed for the steadystate flow. A drift-flux equation was introduced to close the system. The model was validated against data collected from the public literature, field operations, and other transient software. Several field cases are used to illustrate the transient nature of pipeline production, underbalanced drilling (UBD), sand cleanout, and liquid unloading. The benefits of using the transient simulation for the operational design, training and job execution are also discussed.
Using Deep-Azimuthal Resistivity and 3D Seismic for Optimal Horizontal Well Placement: An Integrated Approach, Nipisi Field, Western Canada
Authors: Omovie Sheyore John , Pearson Warren 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A major challenge facing the oil industry is optimizing horizontal wellbore placement in a reservoir. Uncertainty in the predrill geological model and seismic interpretation may lead to the well being placed in non-reservoir, or steering the well out of the prospective formation. This can lead to lower well performance or the requirement to sidetrack the wellbore, both of which directly impact the profitability of the operation.
The Nipisi D Pool produces oil from the Middle Devonian Slave Point Formation, a regionally extensive carbonate bank characterized by low permeability limestone reservoir. The advent of horizontal drilling (HZ) and completion technologies has elevated this reservoir to a top tier tight oil resource play. Although HZ drilling provides a cost effective means to reservoir development, maximizing reservoir penetration while avoiding the unstable shale above the Slave Point are imperative.
Structural definition of the reservoir is provided by 3D seismic coverage. This provides a good predrill estimate of wellbore trajectory, however is limited in its vertical accuracy, as well as definition of small-throw faults that do not appear to be imaged on the seismic data. These two limitations introduce a real risk of drilling out of the productive zone.
Using the contrast in resistivity between the productive carbonate reservoir and the low resistivity Waterways shale which overlies it, deploying Measurement-While Drilling (MWD) deep azimuthal resistivity tools provided the operator with higher resolution measurements to detect the top of reservoir and keeping the wellbore within the desired reservoir. This paper focuses on the integration of geological/3D seismic mapping and MWD azimuthal resistivity for optimal HZ well placement in a tight limestone reservoir, as well as the limitations of each technology when used in isolation. It illustrates how utilizing this approach the operator was able to achieve 100% reservoir exposure.