bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accidents and Safety in the Workplace
Authors: Clarke Sharon 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Ensuring high levels of occupational health and safety remains a significant issue. Detailed accident analyses have highlighted the role played by front-line employees as well as the importance of organizational and managerial factors. The realization that organizational accidents occur within a cultural and social context has led to the rise in popularity of the concept of safety climate. Safety climate allows the individual to interpret organizational events and processes in relation to personal and organizational safety values and to determine the appropriateness of safety-related behavior. Although safety climate has been included as an element of the healthy work organization, the contribution that a positive safety climate can make to organizational health and well-being is little understood. Developing a fuller understanding of organizational safety climate has important theoretical and research implications, and also remains a significant issue for industry and wider society in terms of practical application.
Organizational Screening: The ASSET Model
Authors: Johnson Sheena 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article focuses on introducing and detailing the ASSET (A Shortened Stress Evaluation Tool) model, including the elements of stress measured by the ASSET questionnaire and the hypothesized links between these elements. It gives a brief background to stress research and measurement and details the utility of ASSET as a stress measurement tool. It details the design of ASSET, provides information on each section of the ASSET questionnaire and discusses the elements of the stress model measured by these different sections. It discusses research looking at the factor structure of ASSET and presents validity and reliability data, and describes the normative data available on ASSET which enables comparisons between organizations. The final section of this article introduces and discusses some of the empirical research conducted using ASSET.
Leadership, Psychological Well‐Being, and Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Robertson Ivan T. , Flint‐Taylor Jill 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article examines the research on the role of employee psychological well-being in organizational success, including a review of relevant leadership research and the impact that leaders have on the well-being of their workgroups. The concept and measurement of psychological well-being is explored and distinguished from related concepts such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and engagement. Traditionally, research on psychological well-being in organizations has focused on the negative consequences of pressure in creating stress and damaging psychological well-being. This article reviews research evidence linking psychological with organization-level outcomes. It also examines the potentially important role of leader personality. One of the clear implications of the research is the key role that management and leadership have in determining employee psychological well-being.
Emotional Labor, Well‐Being, and Performance
Authors: Holman David , Martinez‐Iñigo David , Totterdell Peter 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
There is a relatively wide consensus on the key components of emotional labor and their relationships. These components include affective events, display rules, emotion-rule dissonance, emotion regulation strategies, and genuine and fake emotional displays. Furthermore, researchers are increasingly recognizing the need to develop more differentiated concepts and measures in order to attain a more nuanced understanding of emotional labor and its effects on well-being. This article addresses the more recent and emergent issue of emotional labor, a work demand that has become a growing feature of service sector jobs. The aim of this article is to offer an integrative review of the literature on emotional labor in order to understand its effects on performance and employee well-being. It presents a model of the emotional labor process, and uses this as a basis from which to explore the effects of emotional labor.
The Challenges of Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating Interventions
Authors: Noblet Andrew J. , LaMontagne Anthony D. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses the practical challenges and difficulties in introducing and evaluating organizational interventions. Its overall purpose is to examine the key steps involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating organizational well-being interventions and identify the major challenges confronting coordinators at each stage of the program planning, implementation, and evaluation cycle. It draws on the literature to identify the strategies coordinators can employ to help overcome these challenges. The intervention development and evaluation framework presented in this article, as well as the likely challenges and suggested means of addressing these challenges, have been largely informed by the workplace health promotion and organizational development literature. These disciplines are underpinned by guiding principles and values that have influenced both the content of the planning framework and the methods for overcoming key challenges.
Organizational Coaching and Mentoring
Authors: Passmore Jonathan , Anagnos Jodie 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article focuses on the extent to which personal development activities, such as mentoring and coaching, can enhance well-being, individual performance, and lead to positive organizational outcomes. It starts by exploring the differences between coaching and mentoring, where the different approaches are being used and the potential of each to address individual and organizational needs. Then, it moves on to consider the development of both over the past decade, the growing evidence, and the potential impact, with a particular focus on coaching models and coach/mentor behavior. This is drawn together in a model for coaching/mentoring and the article finally ends with a series of questions which still remain to be answered about the efficacy of the two interventions.
Climato‐economic Niches of Employee Well‐Being
Authors: Van De Vliert Evert 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article tells a fairy tale of how humans cope with climate, use money to do so, and end up happy and healthy. It starts off with a brief overview of individual and cross-national differences in well-being and of their economic roots. At the lowest level, each employee adapts his or her own well-being to a mosaic of work conditions, group characteristics, and organizational circumstances, which is perhaps hardly shaped by climate and wealth. At the highest level, each nation's entire workforce adapts its well-being to the overarching climato-economic niche within which all work has to be performed. This article contains a discussion of climato-economic traces in organizations, which might well be generalizable to how the national workforce experiences life as a whole and well-being in organizations as a major part of it.
The Point is Not Just to Explain the World but to Change It
Authors: Cox Robert W. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article argues that the study of international relations should focus first on the key issues affecting the biological survival of the human race; and then on the pursuit of justice in the condition of peoples, which is essential to maintaining their support for a survivable world order. A short list of priorities would include: survival of the biosphere; avoidance of nuclear war; moderating the rich/poor gap; assuring protection for the most vulnerable people; and effective arrangements for negotiating conflict resolution. The point for us now is to try to understand the world as people are making it so as to gain some control over where we are going; and to forgo speculation about an immanent logic of history that will turn out to be an illusion.
Realism
Authors: Wohlforth William C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The academic study of international relations can be considered a debate about realism. Realism provides a foil against which many other schools of thought define themselves and their contributions. Take realism out of the picture and the identities of these other schools as well as the significance of their arguments become much less clear. The study of international politics thus is in an important sense inexplicable without a grounding in realism. Gaining such a grounding, however, is harder than it seems. Precisely because realism is so influential, it is also systematically misunderstood. Whether favourably or unfavourably disposed toward realist ideas and theories, scholars face powerful incentives to make realism into something it is not. As a result, many of the most popular criticisms of realism miss the mark. This article attempts to set the record straight. It argues that the notion that realism can and should be reduced to a single, internally consistent, and logically coherent theory is the taproot of the greatest misunderstanding.
The Ethics of Marxism
Authors: Rengger Nicholas 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article focuses on the ethics of Marxism in international relations. Given that Marxism's relationship to ethics is much more complex than it appears on the surface, the article seeks to lay out the character of that relationship, to emphasize certain key features of Marxist thinking in relation to the ethics of international relations — not all of which are necessarily congruent with one another — and then, finally, to point to the fundamental problem with the Marxist tradition in thinking about the ethics of international relations in particular and indeed, the social world in general. It explores whether it is likely that Marxism, as an independent tradition of thought, has, can, or will offer serious points of departure for ethical reflection on international relations — and later suggests that it cannot. Nonetheless, as a contributor to ethical reflection on international relations, Marxism indeed offers some important and arresting insights.
The Ethics of the English School
Authors: Cochran Molly 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The English School understands ethics to be central to the study of world politics. However, the English School never aimed to evaluate the moral appropriateness of the choices made by statesmen. The evaluative conclusions drawn by the English School were few. For much of its history, any judgments made by these writers were limited to what they believed necessary to responsible international society management. Today, English School scholars are asking whether international society is viable as a moral concern. However, in doing so, both the long shadow of moral scepticism and the School's recourse to empiricism remain. This article argues that the extent to which the English School tradition can demonstrate promise as an approach to international ethics will rest on whether it develops criteria for moral-philosophical judgment that are workable within the themes and concerns of English School thought. The article addresses the following issues: the extent of the horizon of ethical possibility which exists within international society according to the English School; the degree to which these notions have changed over time within the tradition; and, regarding the concepts of ethics employed within this tradition, one more minimal and one more maximal, the best way to define the English School. In the course of this discussion, reference is made to the relationship of the English School to other approaches such as realism and critical theory, and their conceptions of international ethics.
Critical Theory
Authors: Shapcott Richard 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the most important elements of the critical theory of international relations. Any inquiry into critical international relations theory has to distinguish at least two central components. The first is the epistemological and methodological, what it says about theory; and the second is the normative and substantive, what it says about the world. In other words, ‘why do we study international relations and how do we study international relations’? The article demonstrates this by examining, first, the nature of the critical theory theoretical project and how it differs from and challenges mainstream conceptions of international relations; and secondly, the contributions that have been made by critical international relations theory so far. It begins with a brief discussion of the origins of critical theory and critical international relations theory before examining the major claims and achievements.
The Ethics of Postmodernism
Authors: Lawler Peter 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article argues that contemporary post-structuralist international relations scholarship does not cohere tidily with progressivist orthodoxy as developed within long-standing lines of antirealist and nonrealist thinking. Herein lies perhaps a key reason for the ongoing hostility toward post-structuralist scholarship, on ethics in particular, within the international relations field. The distinction between other strands of critical thought and post-structuralist or deconstructionist thinking arises particularly in the latter's preference for localized, contingent responses to ethically troubling cases, rather than the erection of transnational processes or institutions designed to dispense justice according to supposedly universal norms or codes of conduct. The idea of an inescapable ethical responsibility to others certainly looms large in post-structuralist writing. However, while being global in its reach, it pointedly does not appeal to a universal conception of human subjectivity or a notion of solidarity that presumes ‘we [are] all potentially or imaginary citizens of a great state’.
The Ethics Of Feminism
Authors: True Jacqui 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFeminist perspectives on international relations are explicitly and positively normative. Together with feminists in other fields, international relations feminists seek to understand existing gender relations — the dominance of masculinities over femininities — in order to transform how they work at all levels of social, political, and economic life. More recently, feminists have given an explicit account of their alternative methodological approaches to research on global politics. However, the axiological dimension of feminist international relations is still relatively underdeveloped. In particular, there is little scholarship that translates feminist theory into guidelines for ethical conduct by state and nonstate actors in international relations. International relations feminists share a praxis-oriented normative theory — consciously building theory from practice and to guide political practice — but their normative approaches are plural. They differ over the philosophical grounds for their knowledge of gendered international reality, the theoretical location and centrality of gender as an analytic category in the study of international relations, and, on the basis of these, their prescriptions for ethical conduct. This article explores these differences among international relations feminisms and their significance for international relations theory. It also considers the debates between feminist and other international relations perspectives, often construed as one-way conversations.
Methodological Individualism and Rational Choice
Authors: Kydd Andrew H. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article discusses the concept of methodological individualism and rational choice (MIRC). MIRC strives to explain international events by positing individuals, states, or substate actors, with fixed preferences and identities, who rationally adjust their beliefs and strategies in response to the information they receive and the strategies pursued by other actors. MIRC derives tremendous legitimacy from its relationship to the two strongest belief structures in the world today, liberalism in the normative sphere and science in the positive sphere. It draws further strength because it presents a unified (at the level of assumptions) body of theory that can be generalized and extended to new issue areas with relative ease. Ironically, for a scientific movement, it is on weakest grounds empirically; confirmation of its findings has been difficult. However, nontrivial empirical regularities have proved very difficult to find for any theory in international relations; typically the more precise and falsifiable the theory, the more resoundingly falsified it is. Given the difficulty in establishing robust law-like findings in international relations, strong theoretical frameworks such as MIRC will continue to be useful in the discipline.
Quantitative Approaches
Authors: Mansfield Edward D. , Pevehouse Jon C. W. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article surveys quantitative research on international relations, tracking its development and assessing the contribution that this body of literature has made. The aim is to analyze how quantitative work has informed some key debates in the field of international relations. It concludes with three observations about the use of these methods. First, quantitative analyses are now increasingly common in the field. The use of statistical techniques started during the Cold War, but the end of the superpower rivalry corresponded with a sharp increase in both the amount of quantitative research and the topics on which this research focused. Secondly, concomitant to the general rise of statistical approaches in the discipline and the end of the Cold War, researchers became increasingly interested in the roles of domestic politics and international institutions in shaping global outcomes. Thirdly, and most importantly, while some continue to criticize quantitative approaches as atheoretical, statistical work in the field of international relations has advanced our empirical understanding and has pushed theoretical boundaries.
Case Study Methods
Authors: Bennett Andrew , Elman Colin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on a third generation of qualitative methods research. Third-generation qualitative methods provide a unique bridge between the single-logic-of-inference and interpretivist communities. Accepting comparison and intuitive regression as part of its underlying justification, the third-generation case study approach is readily compatible with large-n studies, as well as being accepting of many of the claims of the comparative advantages offered by quantitative methods. The article considers some of the ways in which the third generation has developed and suggest potentially fruitful directions for future research. It focuses on some key innovations in third-generation qualitative methods over the last decade regarding within-case analysis, comparative case studies, case selection, concepts and measurement, counterfactual analysis, typological theorizing, and Fuzzy Set analysis. It concludes with a discussion of promising avenues for future developments in qualitative methods.
Historical Methods
Authors: Quirk Joel 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Research into both international and intellectual history has flourished in recent times. This article highlights a number of recent contributions, paying particular attention to the relationship between history, theory, and method. The article is organized into five distinct sections. The first section offers a brief sketch of the vagaries of history as a field of study. The second section is concerned with the search for universal models, and the relationship between rationalist theories, radical simplification, and international history. The third section is concerned with critical responses to the historical limitations of radical simplification, and allied attempts to come to terms with questions of contingency and complexity. The fourth section explores more recent developments in rationalist theory. Using innovations in realist theory as an explicatory focal point, it examines a number of recent contributions that have placed rationalist approaches on a stronger historical footing. The main focus throughout this discussion is the origin and operation of the state system, which has long been a premier site for historical inquiry in international relations circles. The final section takes up the parallel field of intellectual history, exploring how recent works on the history of ideas have been shaped around contemporary agendas.
International Political Economy
Authors: Ravenhill John 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article begins with a discussion of the emergence of the international political economy (IPE) as a significant field of study in international relations. It then considers the definition of IPE, early work in IPE, and the efforts to draw distinction between how IPE evolved in the United States in contrast to other parts of the world. It is argued that the range of topics covered by the field to date has been excessively narrow. The majority of the research has focused on international trade issues; global finance has been the second-most significant issue area but has received less attention than trade, while issues relating to foreign direct investment and the reorganization of production have been left largely to management studies and to sociologists. The field has seen plenty of excursions into what proved to be theoretical dead ends. But as Cohen himself argues, to judge progress in IPE by whether or not students have produced a general theory is to set the hurdle unrealistically high. Even the excursions into dead ends did generate new understandings.
Big Questions in the Study of World Politics
Authors: Keohane Robert O. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article argues that students of world politics have an obligation to democratic publics to help them understand the most pressing problems of the current day. Yet this moral obligation does not imply that we should focus on topical issues or be ‘policy-relevant’ in a narrow sense by speaking to governments in terms that are acceptable to them. Our task is to probe the deeper sources of action in world politics, and to speak truth to power — insofar as we can discern what the truth is. Students of world politics have made theoretical progress in recent decades on issues of war, cooperation, and the role of multilateral institutions; and conceptual progress on issues of sovereignty. However, most of this progress has focused on seeking to establish static conditional generalizations. Although we are living in a period of unprecedented change, our understanding of change is very inferior to our understanding of fundamental long-term regularities.
Introductory Remarks
Authors: Ferlie Ewan , Lynn Laurence E. , Pollitt Christopher 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This article gives an assessment of the major trends in the study of public management. It also briefly outlines the organization of the book. Section 1 orientates the reader by exploring basic frameworks, background, and key current controversies at a high level of generality. This is followed by Section 2 which explores alternative theoretical and disciplinary perspectives on public management. Section 3 covers a number of current public policy and management themes, albeit from a scholarly and social science-based point of view. Section 4 considers developments in particular functional areas, such as Human Resource Management. This is followed by Section 5 which explicitly considers the international and comparative dimensions of public management reforming. The book ends by considering emerging overall themes and outlines possible future directions.