bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Recognition of a Copper Cation and Anion by a Calix[4]arene Substituted at the Lower Rim by a β‐Amino‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone
Authors: Senthilvelan Annamalai , Ho I.‐Ting , Chang Kai‐Chi , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Liu Yi‐Hung , Chung Wen‐Sheng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractChemodosimeter: Upon titration with CuII, the fluorescence of 1 showed strong fluorescence enhancement because the metal ion helps to lock the conformation of the fluorophores. CuII was reduced to CuI by the free phenolic OH group of 1, the phenol was then oxidised by CuII and assisted in the trapping of CuI. Ditopic behaviour was observed for 1⋅CuI, which showed further enhancement of its fluorescence intensity upon complexation with anions (as depicted, A−=CH3COO− or F−).magnified imageWe report herein a new ditopic calix[4]arene receptor 25,27‐bis‐{[4‐amino‐4‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐oxo‐3‐butenyl]oxy}‐26,28‐dihydroxycalix[4]arene (2) for the simultaneous complexation of anionic and cationic species. The host molecule 25,27‐bis{[3‐(1‐naphthyl)‐5‐isoxazolyl]methoxy}‐26,28‐dihydroxycalix[4]arene (1) was synthesised first and was followed by a [Mo(CO)6]‐mediated ring‐opening reaction to give the target receptor 2. The binding properties of ligands 1 and 2 towards metal ions in CH3CN were investigated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results showed that both ligands 1 and 2 were highly selective for CuII ions. Upon titration with CuII, the fluorescence of 1 was severely quenched, whereas 2 showed strong fluorescence enhancement because the metal ions help to lock the conformation of the fluorophores. During the complexation of 2 with CuII, the CuII was reduced to CuI by the free phenolic OH of 2, whereas the phenol was oxidised by CuII, after which it assisted in the trapping of CuI. Ditopic behaviour was observed for the complex 2⋅CuI, which showed further enhancement of its fluorescence intensity upon complexation with anions such as acetate or fluoride.
On old and new comparative neurological sinners: The evolutionary importance of the membranous parts of the actinopterygian forebrain and their sites of attachment
Authors: Nieuwenhuys Rudolf 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe forebrain of actinopterygian fishes differs from that of other vertebrates in that it consists of a pair of solid lobes. Lateral ventricles surrounded by nervous tissue are entirely lacking. This peculiar configuration of the actinopterygian forebrain results from an outward bending or eversion of its lateral walls during ontogenesis. Due to this eversion, the telencephalic roof plate is transformed into a wide, membranous structure that surrounds the dorsal and lateral parts of the solid lobes and is attached to their lateral or ventrolateral aspects. Another effect of the eversion is that the ventricular surface of the telencephalic lobes is very extensive, whereas their meningeal surface is small. In many recent publications on the forebrain of actinopterygian fishes, these structures are presented as solid lobes, without any reference to the fact that they are the product of an eversion process, and without any indication concerning the location and extent of their ventricular and meningeal surfaces. It is explained here that, in light of current concepts concerning the histogenesis of the brain, these omissions are intolerable. It is also strongly recommended that the location and extent of these surfaces should always be clearly indicated in brain sections in general, because the simple notion that in the brain of vertebrates the ventricular surface is on the inside and the meningeal surface on the outside has numerous and notable exceptions. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:87–93, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metalloligands: Rhodium(III) Cyclometallated Compounds Containing Multitopological Binucleating Ligands
Authors: Lanza Santo , Giannetto Antonino , Bruno Giuseppe , Nicolò Franco , Tresoldi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe reaction of [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2Cl]2 with secondary dithiooxamides H2R2C2N2S2 (R = isoamyl, isopropyl, {S}‐phenylethyl, meso‐phenylethyl) affords the contact ion pair [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2(H2R2C2N2S2 κ‐S,S‐Rh)]+Cl–, which can be transformed into the neutral complexes [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2(HR2C2N2S2 κ‐S,S‐Rh)]. The HCl exchange between the ion pairs and the corresponding neutral complexes has been studied by means of dynamic NMR spectroscopy techniques, and a mechanism for this exchange has been proposed. [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2{H(isoamyl)2C2N2S2 κ‐S,S‐Rh}] reacts with chlorido‐bridged dimers [MLnCl]2 {MLn = Pd(η3‐allyl), Rh(cyclooctadiene), (n‐propyl)3PClPd} and provides the heterobimetallic complexes [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2{μ‐(isoamyl)2C2N2S2}MLn]. Heterobimetallic complexes having the same formula and the same structure are obtained by reaction of [MLn{H(isoamyl)2C2N2S2 κ‐S,S‐M}] species [MLn = Rh(1,5‐cyclooctadiene), Pd(η3‐allyl), PdCl(tri‐n‐propylphosphane), PtCl(diphenyl‐2‐pyridylphosphane)] with [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2Cl]2. The connectivity of the binucleating ligand diisoamyldithiooxamidate within the bimetallic complexes has been assessed. The linkage isomer obtainedis [Rh(2‐phenylpyridine)2{μ‐(isoamyl)2C2N2S2}MLn] (κ‐N,N‐RhIII, κ‐S,S‐M).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sulfilimines and Sulfoximines by Reaction of Nitriles with Perfluoroalkyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Macé Yohan , Urban Céline , Pradet Charlotte , Marrot Jérôme , Blazejewski Jean‐Claude , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe species obtained by activation of perfluoroalkylated sulfoxides with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride behaves as highly electrophilic entities. Their reaction with nitriles allows a Ritter‐like process leading to the new fluorinated acylsulfilimines 1–21 after hydrolysis. This flexible methodology allows some variation of both the sulfoxide and nitrile components. Derived acylsulfoximines 22–25 or free sulfoximines 26–28 could be selectively obtained, as needed, by further controlled oxidation with the cheap and nontoxic potassium permanganate. This oxidation may be performed either after isolation of the intermediate sulfilimine, or more conveniently in a one‐pot process directly from fluorinated sulfoxides. This versatile, solvent and metal free, reaction is thus an opening way through the synthesis of new ligands or electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Repellent studies with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and human olfactory tests on 19 essential oils from Corsica, France
Authors: Drapeau J. , Fröhler C. , Touraud D. , Kröckel U. , Geier M. , Rose A. , Kunz W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn order to reduce the risk of getting infected with any epidemic disease transmitted by mosquitoes, repellent products are often used to protect populations at risk. The repellent potential of 19 essential oils from the island of Corsica, France, was evaluated in a bio‐assay with the mosquito Aedes aegypti, in order to assess the ‘space repellent’ properties of these oils. Lavendula stoechas, Helichrysum italicum (leaves) and Laurus nobilis oils showed a capability of reducing the attractivity of a human finger for yellow fever mosquitoes in a Y‐tube olfactometer. In addition to the behavioural studies on mosquitoes, two tests on the olfactory perception of these 19 oils were performed, involving 25 female and 25 male human volunteers. The aspects studied were the ‘hedonic dimension’ of these oils and their acceptance as a final fragrance for a repellent formulation. The experiments yielded promising results concerning both aspects for three oils, from Calamintha nepeta, Laurus nobilis and Rosmarinus officinalis, with minor differences between male and female participants. Laurus nobilis oil was the only oil tested fulfilling both properties: a spatial repellent effect on Aedes aegypti and acceptance by the volunteers for its integration in a repellent product. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that Calamintha nepeta oil has a slower evaporation rate in comparison to the Laurus nobilis and Rosmarinus officinalis oils. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thalamo‐frontal white matter alterations in chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Oh Jungsu S. , Kubicki Marek , Rosenberger Gudrun , Bouix Sylvain , Levitt James J. , McCarley Robert W. , Westin Carl‐Fredrik , Shenton Martha E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography are useful tools for reconstructing white matter tracts (WMT) in the brain. Previous tractography studies have sought to segment reconstructed WMT into anatomical structures using several approaches, but quantification has been limited to extracting mean values of diffusion indices. Delineating WMT in schizophrenia is of particular interest because schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be a disorder of disrupted connectivity, especially between frontal and temporal regions of the brain. In this study, we aim to differentiate diffusion properties of thalamo‐frontal pathways in schizophrenia from normal controls. We present a quantitative group comparison method, which combines the strengths of both tractography‐based and voxel‐based studies. Our algorithm extracts white matter pathways using whole brain tractography. Functionally relevant bundles are selected and parsed from the resulting set of tracts, using an internal capsule (IC) region of interest (ROI) as “source”, and different Brodmann area (BA) ROIs as “targets”. The resulting bundles are then longitudinally parameterized so that diffusion properties can be measured and compared along the WMT. Using this processing pipeline, we were able to find altered diffusion properties in male patients with chronic schizophrenia in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA) decreases and mean diffusivity (MD) increases in precise and functionally relevant locations. These findings suggest that our method can enhance the regional and functional specificity of DTI group studies, thus improving our understanding of brain function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in functional activation in euthymic bipolar disorder and schizophrenia during a working memory task
Authors: Hamilton Liberty S. , Altshuler Lori L. , Townsend Jennifer , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Phillips Owen R. , Fischer Jeffrey , Woods Roger P. , Mazziotta John C. , Toga Arthur W. , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDysfunctions in prefrontal cortical networks are thought to underlie working memory (WM) impairments consistently observed in both subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. It remains unclear, however, whether patterns of WM‐related hemodynamic responses are similar in bipolar and schizophrenia subjects compared to controls. We used fMRI to investigate differences in blood oxygen level dependent activation during a WM task in 21 patients with euthymic bipolar I, 20 patients with schizophrenia, and 38 healthy controls. Subjects were presented with four stimuli (abstract designs) followed by a fifth stimulus and required to recall whether the last stimulus was among the four presented previously. Task‐related brain activity was compared within and across groups. All groups activated prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary and supplementary motor cortex, and visual cortex during the WM task. There were no significant differences in PFC activation between controls and euthymic bipolar subjects, but controls exhibited significantly increased activation (cluster‐corrected P < 0.05) compared to patients with schizophrenia in prefrontal regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Although the bipolar group exhibited intermediate percent signal change in a functionally defined DLPFC region of interest with respect to the schizophrenia and control groups, effects remained significant only between patients with schizophrenia and controls. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share some behavioral, diagnostic, and genetic features. Differences in the patterns of WM‐related brain activity across groups, however, suggest some diagnostic specificity. Both patient groups showed some regional task‐related hypoactivation compared to controls across the brain. Within DLPFC specifically, patients with schizophrenia exhibited more severe WM‐related dysfunction than bipolar subjects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EIS study of porous NiTi biomedical alloy in simulated body fluid
Authors: Attarchi M. , Mazloumi M. , Behckam I. , Sadrnezhaad S. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used for monitoring the formation of surface film on a fixtured sintering porous NiTi biomedical alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) media during 12 days. Effect of NiTi sintering time on the formation of surface film in SBF was investigated. The formed surface film was calcium phosphate hydrate (CPH) with a pillar particulate structure which was developed to a spongy network with increasing the sintering time. Using such electrochemical techniques, it was shown that NiTi samples obtained after 3 h sintering at 950 °C, have higher tendency for the formation of a stable CPH film during the test.
Corrosion resistant performances of Al‐rich epoxy resin based paint on arc‐sprayed Al coating
Authors: Wang Z. , Liu L. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractElectrical conductive Al‐rich epoxy resin based paint with an acceptable surface was for the first time prepared on an arc‐sprayed aluminium coating surface successfully. Adhesion test and salt solution immersion test (SSIT) with complementary measurements including electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Adhesion properties of the epoxy resin pigmented with Al particles did not degrade. Besides, because of the close Al particle–resin integration and the tight adhesion in the paint–coating interface, the strong adherence of corrosion products on Al particles, as well as probable passivation of Al particles, the paint showed no worse corrosion resistance properties than the epoxy resin and corroded at a similar rate to the epoxy resin, uniformly, slowly and slightly, protecting the coating base as a barrier type film.
An assessment of the current state of palliative care education in pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship training
Authors: Roth Michael , Wang Dan , Kim Mimi , Moody Karen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved survival rates for pediatric oncology patients, childhood cancers continue to be the number one cause of non‐accidental death in children. Studies show that many children receiving end‐of‐life care, and their families, believe that physicians can improve significantly in the delivery of palliative care. This has led to the recommendation that increased palliative care training for physicians taking care of terminally ill pediatric patients is needed.ProcedureWe designed a 28‐question survey and sent it via electronic mail to all 66 pediatric oncology fellowship program directors in the United States. The questionnaire assessed fellowship training programs' current practice in educating pediatric oncology fellows on palliative care.ResultsThirty‐six pediatric oncology program directors responded to the survey for a 55% response rate. Ninety‐four percent of all respondents reported that it is very important or extremely important for pediatric oncology fellows to learn about palliative care during their training. Seventy‐one percent of fellowship training programs do not currently have a palliative care curriculum, and less than one‐third of training programs have any evidence‐based journal clubs devoted to palliative care issues. Eighty‐eight percent of program directors believe their program will increase palliative care education for their fellows within 5 years.ConclusionsPediatric oncology fellowship directors believe it is very important for fellows to learn about palliative care during training; however, currently the majority of fellowship programs do not have a palliative care curriculum and lack significant formal education in end‐of‐life care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:647–651. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of warpage and residual stresses in film insert molded parts
Authors: Oh Hwa Jin , Song Young Seok , Lee Seung Hwan , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractResidual stresses, bending moments, and warpage of film insert molded (FIM) parts were investigated by experimental and numerical analyses. Thermally induced residual stresses in FIM parts were predicted by numerical simulations with both commercial and house codes. Bending moments and warpage of FIM tensile specimens were calculated numerically and compared with experimental results. Thermally induced residual stresses were predicted by utilizing a one‐dimensional thermoelastic model where constant material properties are assumed. The residual stress distribution depended remarkably on the Biot number and the heat was removed rapidly through the surface resulting in high residual stresses. Asymmetric residual stresses generated by nonuniform cooling of the part provoked nonuniform shrinkage and warpage of the molded tensile specimen. It was found that the numerically calculated bending moment is in good agreement with the experimental results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication of well‐developed nano‐ribbons composed of hierarchically grown isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) crystals on substrates
Authors: Zhang Kun , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWell‐developed nano‐ribbons composed of isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (it‐PMMA) were successfully fabricated on mica via a simple solution‐casting method. Typical morphologies with about 0.6 nm thickness and 30–40 nm widths, thermal stability, and alternative structural analyses suggested that nano‐ribbons were composed of two‐dimensional folded chain crystals of it‐PMMA. Typically, nano‐ribbons were developed by incubating tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions at 20 °C for at least 2 months, more than equi‐amounts of water were added to incubated THF solutions, and solutions were cast onto mica. It was found that, after the aforementioned incubation of THF solutions, it‐PMMA chains adopted trans‐trans (tt) conformations, which are precursors for it‐PMMA crystals, suggesting that THF is a unique solvent for it‐PMMA. By adding water, a poor solvent for it‐PMMA, to THF solutions, it‐PMMA aggregates formed with several hundreds of nanometer sizes, further promoting an increase in the population of the tt conformation. Nano‐ribbons were similarly formed on silicon wafer substrates, suggesting that hydrophilic substrates were essential for the formation of nano‐ribbons. Interestingly, a modulation of the above described method, with the slight evaporation of THF from a THF/water solution before casting onto mica, succeeded in the development of epitaxially adsorbed nano‐ribbons. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3098–3110, 2009
Facile synthesis of polymers bearing cyclic carbonate structure through radical solution and precipitation polymerizations accompanied by concurrent carbon dioxide fixation
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Hatano Yugo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was conducted under a carbon dioxide atmosphere (1 atm) in the presence of catalysts for the reaction of carbon dioxide and the oxirane group to afford the five‐membered cyclic carbonate group. The degrees of the carbon dioxide fixation depended on catalysts, concentration, and solvents. In solution reaction, the slower polymerizations resulted in faster carbon dioxide fixation, due to the faster carbon dioxide fixation to GMA than to oxirane moieties in polymers. When the polymerization was conducted in 1,4‐dioxane, which is a good solvent for polyGMA but a poor solvent for the analogous polymer bearing cyclic carbonate moieties, the resulting polymers were precipitated out as the progress of the polymerization and the carbon dioxide fixation. As a result, polymers could be isolated by simple filtration and rinsing with methanol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3170–3176, 2009
Competitive advantage and performance: the impact of value creation and costliness of imitation
Authors: Grahovac Jovan , Miller Douglas J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe create an industrial organization type model to relate resources to the spread between product market demand and marginal cost. We define competitive advantage as the cross‐sectional differential in this spread, and performance as the longitudinal differential between what a firm appropriates in the product market and what it paid in the factor market. With factor markets imposing different costs on the innovator and potential imitator(s), competitive advantage, performance, and high resource value do not necessarily coincide. Also, the interaction between resource value and the cost of imitation is complex and affected by the number of firms in the industry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thick fetal corpus callosum: an ominous sign?
Authors: Lerman‐Sagie T. , Ben‐Sira L. , Achiron R. , Schreiber L. , Hermann G. , Lev D. , Kidron D. , Malinger G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveAnomalies of the corpus callosum are frequently diagnosed during pregnancy, but a thick corpus callosum is a rare finding and its significance is not clear. We aimed to assess the significance of thick fetal corpus callosum by reviewing our experience of such cases.MethodsThe records of all fetuses with anomalies of the corpus callosum referred to the prenatal diagnosis units of two university hospitals from 2000 to 2007 were reviewed. Nine fetuses with a thick corpus callosum were identified.ResultsIn all cases there were associated abnormalities: macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly, vermian agenesis, abnormal sulcation or encephalocele. Four pregnancies were terminated and in each of these cases the autopsy confirmed dysmorphic features and additional brain abnormalities. Five infants were delivered; two died shortly after birth, one suffers from mental retardation, one had neonatal convulsions and one is developing normally.ConclusionsA thick fetal corpus callosum is usually associated with other brain anomalies and is part of a neurogenetic syndrome in most cases. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of 1,2‐Benzenedisulfonate Complexes of the Heavy Group 2 Elements
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Forsyth Craig M. , Greenhill Neil B. , Harika Rita , Junk Peter C. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReaction of the commercially available potassium 1,2‐benzenedisulfonate (K2L) with calcium chloride, strontium nitrate, and barium chloride in aqueous solution yielded [Ca2L2(H2O)4], [Sr4L4(H2O)8]·1.5H2O and [Ba2L2(H2O)5]·H2O in a form suitable for single‐crystal X‐ray determination. From one preparation of the calcium complex a few crystals of [K2CaL2(H2O)3]·0.5H2O were obtained but were not representative of the bulk product. From reaction of CaCO3 with H2L and recrystallization from aqueous ethanol, crystals of [Ca2L2(H2O)6]·EtOH deposited. All complexes are coordination polymers with metal atoms being bridged and chelated by 1,2‐benzenedisulfonate groups, which show an enormous variety of coordination modes, and coordinated by water molecules, some of which are bridging. Calcium has an eight‐coordinate ion in all compounds, potassium six‐coordinate in the bimetallic complex; the strontium complex has eight‐ and nine‐coordinate strontium atoms and the barium complex nine‐ and eleven‐coordinate barium atoms.