bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Directed Anisotropic Reorientation of Mesopatterns in Block Copolymer Monolayers
Authors: Aoki Kenji , Iwata Takafumi , Nagano Shusaku , Seki Takahiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPhotoreorientation of a stripe pattern consisting of an MPS structure in a Langmuir‐Blodgett monolayer by irradiation with linearly polarized light is achieved for the first time using a PDMS/poly(methacrylate) diblock copolymer with a liquid crystalline azobenzene‐containing side chain. The stripe MPS pattern in the trans azobenzene state is diminished by photoisomerization to the cis form upon UV light irradiation. By the erasure of the MPS structure, the anisotropic photo‐oriented stripe pattern is generated upon irradiation with linearly polarized visible light, the orientation of the stripe pattern being orthogonal to the electric vector of the light. magnified image
Contraction and Collapsing Kinetics of Single Synthetic Polymer Chains at Small Quench Depths
Authors: Hu Jinming , Wang Di , Xu Jian , Zhu Zhiyuan , Liu Shiyong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChain contraction and collapsing kinetics of pyrene‐labeled poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) single chains ($\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 3.64 × 105 g · mol−1,$\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} /\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 1.17) were investigated by employing the stopped‐flow technique coupled with fluorescence and light scattering detections, which can achieve millisecond jumping of solvent quality from good to above and below theθ‐solvent condition at small quench depths. It was found that the coil‐to‐crumpled globule transition proceeds via an isotropic one stage process and the obtained characteristic relaxation times exhibit a monotonic decrease with increasing quench depths. The obtained experimental results were in qualitative agreement with previous theoretical considerations.magnified image
Microparticle‐Supported Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Brushes Prepared by Surface‐Initiated Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation for Sensor Applications
Authors: Tkachov Roman , Senkovskyy Volodymyr , Oertel Ulrich , Synytska Alla , Horecha Marta , Kiriy Anton 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA ‘grafting‐from’ approach to synthesize microparticle‐supported conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes is presented. Poly(3‐bromohexylthiophene) is selectively grown from monodisperse organosilica microparticles by surface‐initiated Kumada catalyst‐transfer polycondensation (SI‐KCTP) and then ionizable amino groups are introduced by a two‐step polymer analogous transformation. Optical properties of the resulting microparticle‐supported conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes were found to be dependent on the surrounding chemical environment and thus the particles are promising materials for sensor applications. magnified image
Broadening the Polyethylene Molecular Weight Distribution by Periodic Variation of the Hydrogen Feed Rate
Authors: Al‐haj Ali Mohammad , Ali Emad M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ability to control the molecular weight distribution of the created polyethylene in gas‐phase fluidized‐bed reactors is discussed. This objective is achieved via nonlinear model predictive controller utilizing the hydrogen feed rate as the only manipulated variable. The idea for limited usage of manipulated variables is to avoid economically unfavorable operations such as excessive purge and/or reduced production rate. The simulation results indicated successful implementation of the control algorithm to attain the desired molecular weight distribution. The success depends on the improved hydrogen activities inside the reactor by employing a modified catalyst that is responsive to hydrogen variation and allowing a wider range for hydrogen feed rates. magnified image
Realistic simulation of cardiac magnetic resonance studies modeling anatomical variability, trabeculae, and papillary muscles
Authors: Tobon‐Gomez C. , Sukno F. M. , Bijnens B. H. , Huguet M. , Frangi A. F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSimulated magnetic resonance imaging brain studies have been generated for over a decade. Despite their useful potential, simulated cardiac studies are only emerging. This article focuses on the realistic simulation of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging datasets. The methodology is based on the XCAT phantom, which is modified to increase realism of the simulated images. Modifications include the modeling of trabeculae and papillary muscles based on clinical measurements and published data. To develop and evaluate our approach, the clinical database included 40 patients for anatomical measurements, 10 patients for papillary muscle modeling, and 10 patients for local gray value statistics. The virtual database consisted of 40 digital voxel phantoms. Histograms from different tissues were obtained from the real datasets and compared with histograms of the simulated datasets with the Chi‐square dissimilarity metric (χ2) and Kullback‐Leibler divergence. For the original phantom, χ2 values averaged 0.65 ± 0.06 and Kullboek‐Leibler values averaged 0.69 ± 0.38. For the modified phantom, χ2 values averaged 0.34 ± 0.12 and Kullboek‐Leibler values averaged 0.32 ± 0.15. The proposed approach demonstrated a noticeable improvement of the local appearance of the simulated images with respect to the ones obtained originally. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coping strategies and self‐efficacy as predictors of outcome in osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Benyon Kay , Hill Susan , Zadurian Natalie , Mallen Christian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: Systematically to review the literature, investigating the prognostic value of self‐efficacy and coping strategies used by adults with osteoarthritis (OA) recruited within the community or primary care.Methods: An online electronic search was performed from inception to August 2009, using EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases. A search of keywords and key authors was performed to find related articles, and experts in the field were contacted to identify additional literature. Three reviewers blindly assessed the quality of the included studies, using pre‐determined criteria. Data on coping strategies and self‐efficacy were extracted and tabulated.Results: Eight studies were identified and included in this review. Six of the papers were rated as being of acceptable methodological quality. Strong evidence was identified for the role of self‐efficacy in predicting disability, but no evidence was found for the relationship between self‐efficacy and pain. Although problem‐solving coping had no effect on pain, there was weak evidence that active coping strategies predict increased pain and worsened mood. There was also weak evidence demonstrating that problem avoidance, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, self‐criticism and turning to religion are predictors of depressed mood. This review also presents evidence for catastrophizing, self‐efficacy and passive coping strategies as predictors of mood.Conclusion: Coping strategies and self‐efficacy are important prognostic factors for people with OA. This review highlights the need for further research to ascertain the predictive values of coping strategies that, to date, have been less well investigated. This may, in turn, result in a better understanding of the role of coping in OA and enable clinicians and patients to manage the condition more effectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid) biodegradable carrier for delivery of tamsulosin hydrochloride
Authors: Havivi Ehud , Farber Shimon , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPolyesteranhydrides synthesized by the transesterification of ricinoleic acid and sebacic acid followed by anhydride polymerization were examined as potential controlled delivery carrier for tamsulosin. Polymers containing 70% ricinoleic acid are liquid at body temperature and semisolid at room temperature. It was found that upon addition of the liquid polymer to water it solidifies to form a stable semisolid polymer. Tamsulosin hydrochloride (TAM), a highly selective α1A‐adrenoreceptor antagonist that has been used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH), was incorporated in the polymers (2–20% w/w) and its release in buffer solution was monitored. TAM was released for over 24 days while the polymer carrier was being degraded. Hydrolysis of formulations was studied by monitoring the weight loss of the samples and the changes in the polymer molecular weight. TAM formulations stability in p(SA‐RA) 30:70 under different temperatures was evaluated. The release rate of the drug from polymer was found to be affected by drug content: the higher the content, the faster was the release. Also, hydrolysis of formulation containing tamsulosin was faster due to the hydrophility of the drug. The drug formulation was found to be stable for a period of 6 months. Moreover, after subcutaneously injection into mice, the drug‐loaded formulation becomes into gel and remains in the site of the injection. To conclude, Poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic‐acid) containing ≥ 70% ricinoleic acid are injectable biodegradable polymers and are suitable candidates for the delivery of TAM for long acting therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of silent versus aloud reading comprehension of elementary students using Maze assessment procedures
Authors: Hale Andrea D. , Hawkins Renee O. , Sheeley Wesley , Reynolds Jennifer R. , Jenkins Shonna , Schmitt Ara J. , Martin Daniel A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany reading comprehension measures require the student to read silently. When students read silently, important information (e.g., consistent reading errors) may not be identified. It may also be difficult to detect a student who is choosing not to read the passage. For this reason, investigating whether there is a significant difference in comprehension under silent and aloud reading conditions is important to determine under what conditions reading comprehension should be measured accurately. This study was designed to investigate possible differences between silent and aloud reading comprehension scores on Maze assessment probes. Pearson product correlations were used to investigate possible relationships between Maze comprehension scores (silent and aloud), WCPM, and the Broad Reading Cluster Score of the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ‐III ACH). Participants were 89 first‐ and second‐grade students from an elementary school located in the Southeastern United States. Each student was exposed to four assessment conditions, which included WCPM, three tests from the WJ‐III ACH, and Maze reading comprehension passages. Significant correlations were found for WCPM, aloud and silent Maze, and the WJ‐III ACH Broad Reading Cluster Score. No significant difference was found between aloud and silent reading comprehension, which suggests that reading comprehension can be measured accurately under either reading condition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reading assessment methods for middle‐school students: An investigation of reading comprehension rate and Maze accurate response rate
Authors: Hale Andrea D. , Henning Jaime B. , Hawkins Renee O. , Sheeley Wesley , Shoemaker Larissa , Reynolds Jennifer R. , Moch Christina 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the validity of four different aloud reading comprehension assessment measures: Maze, comprehension questions, Maze accurate response rate (MARR), and reading comprehension rate (RCR). The criterion measures used in this study were the Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ‐III ACH) Broad Reading Cluster Score and words correct per minute (WCPM). Pearson Product Correlations and linear regression were used to investigate possible relationships between Maze comprehension level (accuracy), comprehension question level (accuracy), MARR, RCR, WCPM, and the Broad Reading Cluster Score of the WJ‐III ACH. Participants were sixth‐, seventh‐, and eighth‐grade students from a middle school located in the Southeastern United States. Significant correlations were found between each of the reading comprehension assessment variables (WCPM, MARR, RCR, Maze comprehension level, and comprehension question level) and the WJ‐III ACH Broad Reading Cluster Score. MARR and RCR represented the strongest correlations when compared to the other variables. Results from a linear regression analysis indicated that RCR was the best predictor of the criterion variable (WJ‐III). Implications for future research and applied practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive limitations associated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors in employed breast cancer survivors
Authors: Breckenridge Lynn M. , Bruns Gina L. , Todd Briana L. , Feuerstein Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives: Previous research has suggested that endocrine therapy is associated with cognitive limitations in breast cancer survivors (BCS); this study examined the relationship in employed BCS, an average of three years post‐primary treatment.Methods: 77 BCS with past or current exposure to tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors and 56 BCS with no history of endocrine therapy completed self‐report measures of cognitive function, anxiety, depression, and fatigue as well as an online neurocognitive battery.Results: Exposure to endocrine therapy was not related to scores on the objective measures, but moderately related to perceived attentional problems at work (β = −0.20; CI0.95 = −2.75, −0.25) and perceived cognitive functioning in overall life (β = 0.17; CI0.95 = 0.33, 11.47) in excess of what could be explained by symptom burden measures. No differences were reported between groups on symptom burden measures. Symptoms of physical fatigue, depression, and anxiety were positively associated with self‐report of general cognitive limitations (R2 change range: 0.28–0.37), and symptoms of depression and anxiety were positively associated with perceived cognitive limitations at work (R2 change range: 0.21–0.28).Discussion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue should be screened for and treated in BCS, as an approach to mitigating perceived cognitive limitations. However, healthcare providers should be aware that cognitive limitations exist in excess of what can be associated with symptom burden, and may be related to endocrine therapy and other cancer treatments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When peer support may be most beneficial: the relationship between upward comparison and perceived threat
Authors: Legg Melissa , Occhipinti S. , Ferguson M. , Dunn J. , Chambers S. K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: Currently, the mechanism by which dyadic peer support programs may facilitate positive psychological adjustment for cancer patients is unclear. This study utilized social comparison theory to examine the effects of peer support on the psychological adjustment of women with breast cancer.Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 251 recently diagnosed breast cancer patients (52% response), who had received a dyadic peer support intervention, was undertaken assessing anxiety, depression, perceived threat, and upward comparison.Results: Perceived cancer threat significantly moderated the relationship between positive upward comparison and depression levels (p = 0.017). Women who engaged in upward comparisons and who perceived their diagnosis to be more threatening had lower depression levels than women who were less threatened.Conclusions: Peer support services that provide support from cancer survivors may be especially beneficial for people who appraise their cancer diagnosis as more threatening. The application of theoretical models to future evaluation designs will further increase understanding of the psychological mechanisms involved in the effects of peer support and inform program development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary function impairment after trachea‐esophageal fistula: A minor role for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Peetsold M.G. , Heij H.A. , Nagelkerke A.F. , Deurloo J.A. , Gemke R.J.B.J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term impairment of pulmonary function in trachea‐esophageal fistula (TEF) patients is, at least in part, commonly ascribed to gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objective of this study was to examine the independent effects of the underlying condition and GERD on cardiopulmonary function.MethodsCardiopulmonary function of TEF patients, who had (severe) GERD (s‐GERD) requiring antireflux surgery (TEF + GERD, n = 11) and TEF patients who did not have s‐GERD (group TEF–GERD, n = 20) were compared with control patients who had isolated s‐GERD requiring antireflux surgery (group GERD, n = 13). All patients performed spirometry, lung volume measurements, measurement of diffusion capacity and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).ResultsMean age of the participants was 13.8 ± 2.7 (group TEF + GERD). 13.2 ± 2.9 (group TEF–GERD), and 14.7 ± 1.5 years (group GERD). FVC and TLC were significantly lower in patients with TEF (with and without s‐GERD) when compared to patients with isolated s‐GERD. Most pulmonary function parameters were similarly affected in both TEF groups, but FEV1 was lower in the TEF + GERD group than in the TEF–GERD group. Cardiopulmonary exercise parameters were similar in all groups.ConclusionsTEF patients had restrictive lung function impairment when compared to patients with isolated s‐GERD. This difference may be due to several causes, including thoracotomy. FEV1 was lower in TEF + GERD when compared to TEF–GERD indicating that GERD may affect large airway function in TEF patients. Other differences between TEF patients with and without s‐GERD were not significant, suggesting only a minor role for GERD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:348–355. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulatory effect of the SLC9A3 gene on susceptibility to infections and pulmonary function in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dorfman Ruslan , Taylor Chelsea , Lin Fan , Sun Lei , Sandford Andrew , Paré Peter , Berthiaume Yves , Corey Mary , Durie Peter , Zielenski Julian ,   on behalf of the members of the Canadian Consortium for CF Genetic Studies
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn cystic fibrosis (CF), CFTR dysfunction leads to salt and water imbalance across airway epithelia, depleted surface liquid layer, and impaired mucociliary clearance. This provides optimal conditions for chronic bacterial infections leading to excessive inflammation and progressive obstructive lung disease. We hypothesized that other epithelial channels affecting salt balance across the airways may play a role in the susceptibility to bacterial infections and modulate severity of CF lung disease. The SLC9A3 gene encoding a Na+/H+ exchanger was demonstrated to be a modifier intestinal disease in a murine model of CF. We examined the potential role of SLC9A3 as a modifier of CF lung disease severity. We analyzed 11 SLC9A3 gene variants for association with age of first Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and lung function in children with CF. The T allele of an intronic variant in the SLC9A3 gene (rs4957061) was significantly (P = 0.02) associated with earlier acquisition of Pseudomonas infection in a cohort of 1,004 pediatric patients. Analysis of lung function in a subset of these patients (752) revealed that patients homozygous for the T allele had substantially reduced lung function and accelerated rate of decline. Although the functional basis for the modulatory effects of this SLC9A3 variant on CF lung disease remains to be elucidated, altered function of the Na+/H+ exchanger may further deplete the airway liquid surface, thereby enhancing susceptibility to Pseudomonas infections and worsening the severity of lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:385–392. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary exacerbations are associated with subsequent FEV1 decline in both adults and children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sanders Don B. , Bittner Rachel CL. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Redding Gregory J. , Goss Christopher H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) frequently experience pulmonary exacerbations that may lead to a faster subsequent decline in pulmonary function; however, this relationship has not been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) decline in adults and children with CF.Methods:Cohort study of subjects followed in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2003 through 2006. Mixed effects modeling was used to estimate differences in rates of decline in FEV1 in 2004–2006 for patients with 0, 1, 2, or 3+ pulmonary exacerbation(s) in 2003.Results:Of 8,490 subjects who met inclusion criteria, 60% had 0 exacerbations, 23% had 1, 10% had 2, and 7% had 3+ exacerbations in 2003. Compared to children with no pulmonary exacerbations in 2003, children with one or more exacerbations experienced a significantly (P < 0.001) greater rate of FEV1 decline in 2004–2006. In contrast, among adults, only those with 3+ exacerbations in 2003 had a significantly (P = 0.01) greater rate of FEV1 decline in 2004–2006 than those with no exacerbations in 2003.Conclusions:There is a strong association between the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and subsequent decline in pulmonary function. In adults, having 3+ exacerbations, and among children, having any exacerbations is associated with a greater rate of decline in the ensuing 3 years. Improved prevention, identification, and treatment of pulmonary exacerbations are likely to have long‐term benefits for patients with CF, especially children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:393–400. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Titania Nanocrystalline Prepared by Detonation Method and Calculation of Detonation Parameters
Authors: Qu Yandong , Li Xiaojie , Zhao Zheng , Sun Guilei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs a promising method for synthesizing nanosized materials, detonation method was used to prepare TiO2 nanoparticles. A new method for predicting the Chapman‐Jouguet (C‐J) detonation parameters of CaHbOcNdTie explosives, such as detonation heat, detonation temperature, and detonation pressure, was introduced according to the approximate reaction equations of detonation. The coefficient of oxygen balance of explosive was also calculated according to the specific detonation synthesis experiment. The calculation method was more useful in predicting the formation processes of detonation products and optimizing the experimental procedure. It could also support theory foundation for further experiments to some extent.
High‐speed and low‐noise AlInN/GaN HEMTs on SiC
Authors: Sun Haifeng , Alt Andreas R. , Benedickter Hansruedi , Feltin Eric , Carlin Jean‐François , Gonschorek Marcus , Grandjean Nicolas , Bolognesi C. R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA comparison of devices with different source–drain gaps has been performed on AlInN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on SiC. The cut‐off frequency is effectively improved through shrinking source drain space and reducing gate parasitic capacitance. Our devices feature an fT of 188 GHz and fMAX of 200 GHz, which is the highest fMAX ever achieved to date for AlInN‐based HEMTs. At 10 (20) GHz, our HEMTs exhibit a low minimum noise figure Fmin of 0.62 (1.5) dB together with a high associated gain GA of 15.4 (13.3) dB. These Fmin values are among the lowest reported for deep submicrometer GaN HEMTs, and the GA are the best values so far in the literature, demonstrating the tremendous potential of AlInN/GaN HEMTs for microwave low‐noise applications.