bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology in community psychiatric research: common uses and methodological issues
Authors: Skapinakis Petros , Lewis Glyn 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo – I principi epidemiologici sono alia base di molte ricerche mediche, in particolare di quelle concernenti la pianificazione e la valutazione dei servizi sanitari, comprese le ricerche di psichiatria sociale e di comunità. Scopo di questo lavoro è quello di effettuare una revisione relativa ad alcune comuni utilizzazioni dell'epidemiologia nelle ricerche di psichiatria di comunità e di discutere alcune questioni metodologiche che si presentano frequentemente nelle ricerche epidemiologiche relative ai setting comunitari. Metodo – Questa è una review della letteratura rilevante e delle ricerche in corso nel Dipartimento di Psicologia Medica dell'Università del Galles, Facoltà di Medicina. Risultati – Tra le varie utilizzazioni dell'epidemiologia nella sanità, quattro sono particolarmente rilevanti nei setting comunitari: l'accertamento dei bisogni di salute mentale della popolazione (vengono descritti quattro approcci: la raccolta di dati di routine, rilevamento dei pazienti esistenti, il rilevamento nella popolazione generale ed i modelli statistici), l'identificazione dei fattori di rischio della malattia, il contributo della prevenzione e la valutazione dell'efficacia clinica degli interventi di cura. Le questioni metodologiche più importanti includono l'inferenza di tipo causale, che in epidemiologia comporta la spiegazione dell'associazione tra esposizione e malattia (caso, bias, fattori confondenti, causalità inversa e causalità), la questione dei fattori confondenti e come tener conto di essi e questioni che sorgono nel contesto di specifici disegni di studio. Conclusioni – L'epidemiologia à divenuta un insieme di metodi utilizzati per rispondere ad un ampio settore di domande cliniche. La ricerca basata sulla popolazione è una parte senziale della ricerca clinica, ma le conoscenze epidemiologiche sono necessarie ai clinici per valutare e interpretare la letteratura scientifica.
Health status in adolescents: which relation with family image?
Authors: Villani Simona , Grassi Mario , Marinoni Alessandra , Adolescenti Gruppo Di Lavoro 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIntroduction— Many studies have been carried out recently to investigate the relationship between health conditions and family and self characteristics.Objectives— To identify family characteristics (such as type of family, socio-economic status, parent immigration, affection for parents, parents' psychological and physical health) and self characteristics (age, drug use, satisfaction for several life circumstances, psychosomatic symptomatology) that are differently distributed by sex and levels of psychological and physical distress among teen-agers.Methods— We carried out a cross-sectional study on a sample of teen-agers attending high schools in Pavia (Italy), using a self-administered questionnaire. The students were divided in four groups having different levels of psychological and physical distress, based on GHQ-30 (psychological distress indicator), on the number of hospital admissions and consultations to a physician in the last year (the last two are physical distress indicator). Data were analysed applying the multivariate analisy of Canonical Variate.Results— 1346 students were sampled, but only 1189 questionnaire were analysed: 36.8% regarding males and 63.2% females. The Canonical Variate analysis indicated that psycosomatic symptomatology, satisfaction for several life circumstances and affection for parents are important for describing the four distress groups.Conclusions— Only affection for parents has an important role on psychological and physical distress of adolescents, while family characteristics traditionally considered associated with psychological and physical distress in teen-agers (such as living with one or without parents, low socio-economic status) are not associated.
Financial literacy and retirement planning in Germany
Authors: BUCHER-KOENEN TABEA , LUSARDI ANNAMARIA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe examine financial literacy in Germany using data from the SAVE survey. We find that knowledge of basic financial concepts is lacking among women, the less educated, and those living in East Germany. In particular, those with low education and low income in East Germany have low financial literacy compared to their West German counterparts. Interestingly, there is no gender disparity in financial knowledge in the East. In order to investigate the nexus of causality between financial literacy and retirement planning, we develop an instrumental variables strategy by making use of regional variation in the financial knowledge of peers. We find a positive impact of financial knowledge on retirement planning.
Enhanced performance of a 60-GHz power amplifier by using slow-wave transmission lines in 40 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Tang Xiao-Lan , Pistono Emmanuel , Ferrari Philippe , Fournier Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2011

This paper shows the contribution of slow-wave coplanar waveguides on the performance of power amplifiers operating at millimeter-wave frequencies in CMOS-integrated technologies. These transmission lines present a quality factor Q two to three times higher than that of the conventional microstrip lines at the same characteristic impedance. To demonstrate the contribution of the slow-wave transmission lines on integrated millimeter-wave amplifiers performance, two Class-A single-stage power amplifiers (PA) operating at 60 GHz were designed in standard 40 nm CMOS technology. One of the power amplifiers incorporates only the microstrip lines, whereas slow-wave coplanar transmission lines are considered in the other one. Both amplifiers are biased in Class-A operation, drawing, respectively, 22 and 23 mA from 1.2 V supply. Compared to the power amplifier using conventional microstrip transmission lines, the one implemented with slow-wave transmission lines shows improved performances in terms of gain (5.6 dB against 3.3 dB), 1 dB output compression point (OCP1dB: 7 dBm against 5 dBm), saturated output power (Psat: >10 and 8 dBm, respectively), power-added efficiency (PAE: 16% instead of 6%), and die area without pads (Sdie: 0.059 mm2 against 0.069 mm2).
Sci‐fi film used as tool to teach Earth science
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: October 2011

A new Hollywood science fiction film about scientists who try to reactivate the Earth's inner core enlisted several geoscientists as technical advisors and is presenting some teachers with a good educational tool.“The Core,” a Paramount Pictures production that opened in theaters across the United States on 28 March, engaged a handful of Earth scientists as technical advisors to create a somewhat plausible scenario about the inner Earth that director Jon Amiel has called “science faction.”
Goethe and the Aurora
Authors: Schröder Wilfried 
Published: October 2011

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) was deeply interested in many aspects of natural science, including geology and meteorology. Thus, it is not surprising that his works include frequent references to natural phenomena.For example, the 1815 play Des Epimenides Erwachen (“Epimenides Awakes”) includes some notes on comets and aurora, with the former described as “terrible portents.”
Updated Terrestrial Environment Guidelines for Aerospace Vehicle Development
Authors: Vaughan William W. 
Published: October 2011

NASA recently released extensively revised and updated guidelines and information on terrestrial environments (land, water, and atmosphere). The guidelines are applicable in developing design requirements and specifications for aerospace vehicles, payloads, and associated ground support equipment operating in specific geographic regions.The document, “Terrestrial Environment (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Development, 2008 Revision” (NASA/TM‐2008‐215633), has been updated periodically since its initial publication in 1964. The latest version includes a broad scope of information about the terrestrial environment, though spaceflight systems development and test centers are the primary geographic areas encompassed in the document.
Correction [to “Strong showing for AGU journals in 2009 impact factors”]
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In the About AGU piece “Strong showing for AGU journals in 2009 impact factors” (Eos, 91(25), 225, 2010), the second paragraph should have read as follows:“According to the 2009 statistics released last week, AGU again has outperformed its larger competitors. For the twelfth time, two different AGU titles hold the top rank in their categories, and AGU titles hold the second spot in two other categories and third in two more.”
AGU Embassy Lecture Event Focuses on Carbon Capture and Storage Technology
Authors: March Gabriella 
Published: October 2011

A program entitled “Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)—Viable technology or risky gamble?” was the inaugural event of AGU's Embassy Lecture Series and part of the European Embassy Science Series.With many countries looking into ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the 9 September event at the Germany Embassy in Washington, D.C., focused on the technological and commercial feasibility of CCS. Four speakers addressed questions including whether CCS can be implemented successfully on a commercial scale and if the technology is economically feasible with or without a cap and trade system, and whether the public will support CCS. They stressed the importance of good science, proper planning, and sound monitoring to ensure that the carbon captured will be stored permanently.
International geophysics: Geophysical interests of IUGS
Authors: Thurston William 
Published: October 2011

The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) was born in 1961, an offspring of the International Geological Congress (IGC) founded in 1878. IUGS was immediately accepted into the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and promptly became a working partner in a number of inter‐union and ICSU activities. It thereby achieved one of the goals that proponents of forming a union had hoped for: a plainly visible international organization through which scientists in many disciplines could communicate and collaborate with geological scientists.IGC had formed many international commissions and committees in the years between 1878 and 1960, but these were left pretty much to their own devices in financing and conducting their work. They were expected to justify their existence by the results they could present for the approval of the Congress, generally at four‐year intervals, but there was no permanent channel through which they could be reached. It was difficult for many non‐geologists to discover the IGC group with which they shared a common interest. The IGC commissions in existence in 1960 were all transferred to IUGS by 1968, except for two which became international associations affiliated with IUGS; the Union has also established some commissions and committees of its own since 1961. Those of importance to geophysicists are given below.
JGR standards
Authors: Roederer Juan G. 
Published: October 2011

JGR undoubtedly is one of the journals of highest standing in the geophysical sciences, and many papers originally rejected by JGR appear in other journals that impose less strict rules. This is a healthy situation for JGR, but on the other hand, it imposes a great responsibility on the Editors. By setting and maintaining high standards of the quality and type of research published in the Journal, they indirectly exert a control over the quality and type of research done in the field of geophysical sciences; this influence may be considerably greater than is generally realized.The great variety of topics covered in JGR presents a serious difficulty: each one of the Co‐Editors cannot have a complete overlook on the whole field covered in his section. This implies that a well balanced group of Associate Editors is needed. Furthermore, it requires that Associate Editors bear a considerable responsibility in carrying out the editorial job, and that they maintain a close working relationship with the corresponding Co‐Editor. To give Co‐Editors and Associate Editors more freedom of action, they should not be allowed to publish in the Journal during their terms of office.
Tectonics of the San Andreas Fault System seismological studies
Authors: Eaton J. P. 
Published: October 2011

The primary objectives of the current seismological program of the National Center for Earthquake Research (NCER) include: (1) evaluation of the use of well recorded aftershock sequences to delineate the slip surfaces associated with large earthquakes, (2) determination of the degree to which microearthquakes are confined to (and therefore delineate) the major faults that traverse the region of central California between the Gabilan range and San Francisco Bay, and (3) investigation of the space‐time‐energy relationships among microearthquakes and of the relation of crustal strain changes to the earthquake regime in central California.Thirty‐two short‐period vertical seismometers are installed in four clusters in key localities along the San Andreas and associated faults in central California. Telemetered signals from these seismometers are recorded in compact format on three Develocorders at the NCER office building in Menlo Park, where reading and analysis of the seismograms are kept current. Hypocenters are determined by computer, using crustal models based on local refraction surveys and station corrections based partly on teleseism P‐wave delays and partly on average residuals for a large number of local earthquakes. Computer cards that summarize the principal parameters of each earthquake are collected in a card library to facilitate analysis of the earthquakes and the study of their relation to measured changes in crustal strain.
Geodetic work in Japan with special reference to the Matsuchiro earthquakes
Authors: Harada Yoshimichi 
Published: October 2011

Geodetic surveys, first‐order leveling, triangulation with electro distance measurements, and geomagnetic and gravity surveys have been conducted by the Geographical Survey Institute in and around the area of the Matsushiro earthquake swarm in the northern part of Central Japan during the period from 1965 to 1968. During this period leveling surveys were resurveyed every three months in the vicinity of Matsushiro and the other surveys were made at approximately six‐month intervals. From the results of the surveys, the following facts have been found.Extraordinary vertical deformations have continued near Mt. Minakami, with upheaval from October 1965 to September 1966 through the first and second peaks of seismic activities, followed by a subsidence. The maximum rate of the upheaval motion was about 50 mm per month. On the other hand, in the Omachi‐Matsukawa region, which is about 30 km from the central area of the earthquake swarms, anomalous reversals of the pattern in the vertical deformation have occurred, for which the period also seems to be about six months. The mean rate of up and down motion was about 40 mm per six months. Such a reversible vertical deformation was also found in the large region along the first‐order leveling routes through Nagano, Ueda, Matsumoto, and Omachi during the whole period of about three years, 1965–1968.
Studies of aftershocks and earthquake swarms in the Nevada region
Authors: Ryall Alan 
Published: October 2011

Because of its high seismicity and generally low level of microseismic noise, the Nevada area has in recent years begun to play an important role in studies connected with the occurrence of microearthquakes and small earthquakes. During the last two years, a considerable effort by the Mackay School of Mines Seismological Laboratory has gone into field investigations of small earthquakes and development of analysis techniques for the handling of field recordings.Techniques for analyzing microearthquake data have evolved primarily as a function of the conditions under which the data were collected. For the most part, these techniques represent attempts to make the maximum possible use of data collected at a small number of nearby recording locations. As a rule, field experiments have been carried out using a tripartite array 1 or 1 km in radius, supplemented by recordings on one or two single‐component systems. In recent studies, the supplementary recorders were operated for only a short time, and were used primarily to derive site corrections to arrival times of seismic waves at elements of the tripartite array. These corrections, designed to eliminate, insofar as possible without a detailed explosion study of the area, the effects of near‐surface structure on arrival times, permit the determinations of focal coordinates of nearby earthquakes using only P‐wave arrival times, S‐P times, and the geometrical properties of the array.
Detectability of seismomagnetic effect
Authors: Rikitake T. 
Published: October 2011

Recent measurement of seismomagnetic effect by modern magnetometers indicates that very accurate observations should be made to detect a geomagnetic change possibly associated with an earthquake. Even if we use a proton precession magnetometer, which is free from a drift, attention should be drawn to the magnetic field produced by electric currents induced in the earth. Observations in Japan show that instantaneous values of the total geomagnetic field are considerably different for stations only several kilometers distant from one another.It is also made clear that the total intensity values at a station are systematically larger or smaller in some cases than those values at another station. The fact suggests possible use of a weighted difference technique based on a proportional constant to be determined empirically. A standard deviation, amounting to 2γ, for comparison of instantaneous total intensity values between two stations 100–200 km distant from one another in Japan has been achieved by making use of the weighted difference technique for nighttime data.
Spectral analysis of P‐waves at short range as an indicator of focal parameters
Authors: Kisslinger Carl 
Published: October 2011

The approach to understanding the physics of an earthquake is still largely empirical. Representations of the focal mechanism by a system of forces acting at a point, by a moving point source, and by distributions of elastic dislocations have contributed to an interpretation of the distribution in space and time of the displacements produced by an earthquake. When combined with laboratory evidence of the failure of materials, these representations, or perhaps others not yet conceived, may lead to a coherent theory of the earthquake source.The applicability of analysis of the properties of seismic body waves in either the time or frequency domains in elucidating the characteristic of the source has been demonstrated by a number of investigators. In these investigations, the displacement or strain field at large distances has been the primary object of inquiry. Recently, some opportunities to observe in detail the behavior close‐in to the source have arisen, for example, in the Parkfield earthquake, and important new insights have been gained.
Pelagic tidal measurements: A suggested procedure for analysis
Authors: Cartwright David , Munk Walter , Zetler Bernard 
Published: October 2011

There has long existed a need for pelagic tide and current measurements, but the technology for making such observations has been developed only recently. In 1965, an international working group on deep‐sea tides was formed (now sponsored by IAPSO, SCOR, and Unesco) that would concern itself with the exchange of information on instrumentation and analysis and with the formulation of a worldwide data acquisition program.Some pelagic tide observations have now been obtained by pressure sensors on the sea bottom connected by cable to the surface [Eyri`es, 1968] or to shore [Nowroozi et al., 1968] and by self‐contained bottom instruments that record internally and are recalled to the surface by an acoustic signal [Snodgrass, 1968] and time‐release device [Filloux, 1968, and Hicks et al., 1965]. The equipment described by Snodgrass and by Nowroozi include current meters measuring speed and direction. The over‐all objectives of the deep‐sea tide program are described by Munk and Zetler [1967] and Cartwright [1969].
The great yonder: The President's Page
Authors: Landsberg Helmut E. 
Published: October 2011

Every age since antiquity has had its own accomplishments. The rationales of these achievements have often faded, and value judgments on their merits have changed.We may admire the early feats of engineering and the stark, simple lines of the Egyptian pyramids. But we can hardly applaud the sacrifice of many slaves to provide tombs so that a few rulers might preserve their remains, rather than have them crumble into dust like those of their lesser contemporaries.
Oceanographic assembly
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

‘The Ocean World,’ a joint oceanographic assembly, will be held in Tokyo, Japan, September 14–25, 1970. The Assembly will be sponsored by and will incorporate meetings of the International Association of Physical Sciences of the Ocean (IAPSO), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the International Association of Biological Oceanography (IABO), and the Commission on Marine Geology (CMG/IUGS). Certain Symposia will be organized in cooperation with the International Association for Geochemistry (IAGC), and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).The scientific sessions, collectively entitled ‘The Ocean World,’ will consist of interdisciplinary symposia, specialized symposia, and sessions of miscellaneous contributions.
Forum
Authors: Iverson Robert M. 
Published: October 2011

During the past few years more and more museums endeavoring to establish displays of representative articles involved in disciplines not previously a part of the museum are finding that many institutions and corporations have already disposed of their obsolete material. This is particularly true in many phases of geophysics. Accordingly, AGU has decided to do something about the situation.A basic premise has been the establishing of a geophysical hall, hopefully at the Smithsonian Institution, and in the not too distant future. In keeping with current trends, the various displays will contain not merely a large amount of rejuvenated junk, but will attempt to convey the story of the development of theory, equipment, and technology. Instruments and displays will be carefully selected and designed to produce an even flow of information.