bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperacetylation in prostate cancer induces cell cycle aberrations, chromatin reorganization and altered gene expression profiles
Authors: Watson Jenny A. , McKenna Declan J. , Maxwell Perry , Diamond James , Arthur Ken , McKelvey‐Martin Valerie J. , Hamilton Peter W 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHistone acetylation is a fundamental mechanism in the regulation of local chromatin conformation and gene expression. Research has focused on the impact of altered epigenetic environments on the expression of specific genes and their pathways. However, changes in histone acetylation also have a global impact on the cell. In this study we used digital texture analysis to assess global chromatin patterns following treatment with trichostatin A (TSA) and have observed significant alterations in the condensation and distribution of higher‐order chromatin, which were associated with altered gene expression profiles in both immortalised normal PNT1A prostate cell line and androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Furthermore, the extent of TSA‐induced disruption was both cell cycle and cell line dependent. This was illustrated by the identification of sub‐populations of prostate cancer cells expressing high levels of H3K9 acetylation in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle that were absent in normal cell populations. In addition, the analysis of enriched populations of G1 cells showed a global decondensation of chromatin exclusively in normal cells.
Physiological concentrations of bile acids down‐regulate agonist induced secretion in colonic epithelial cells
Authors: Keating Niamh , Mroz Magdalena S. , Scharl Michael M. , Marsh Christine , Ferguson Gail , Hofmann Alan F. , Keely Stephen J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn patients with bile acid malabsorption, high concentrations of bile acids enter the colon and stimulate Cl− and fluid secretion, thereby causing diarrhoea. However, deoxycholic acid (DCA), the predominant colonic bile acid, is normally present at lower concentrations where its role in regulating transport is unclear. Thus, the current study set out to investigate the effects of physiologically relevant DCA concentrations on colonic epithelial secretory function. Cl− secretion was measured as changes in short‐circuit current across voltage‐clamped T84 cell monolayers. At high concentrations (0.5–1 mM), DCA acutely stimulated Cl− secretion but this effect was associated with cell injury, as evidenced by decreased transepithelial resistance (TER) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. In contrast, chronic (24 hrs) exposure to lower DCA concentrations (10–200 μM) inhibited responses to Ca2+ and cAMP‐dependent secretagogues without altering TER, LDH release, or secretagogue‐induced increases in intracellular second messengers. Other bile acids – taurodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid – had similar antisecretory effects. DCA (50 μM) rapidly stimulated phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and both ERK and p38 MAPKs (mitogen‐activated protein kinases). The EGFr inhibitor, AG1478, and the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, reversed the antisecretory effects of DCA, while the MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, did not. In summary, our studies suggest that, in contrast to its acute prosecretory effects at pathophysiological concentrations, lower, physiologically relevant, levels of DCA chronically down‐regulate colonic epithelial secretory function. On the basis of these data, we propose a novel role for bile acids as physiological regulators of colonic secretory capacity.
HDAC inhibitor, scriptaid, induces glioma cell apoptosis through JNK activation and inhibits telomerase activity
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Koul Nitin , Joseph Christy , Dixit Deobrat , Ghosh Sadashib , Sen Ellora 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe present study identified a novel mechanism of induction of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells by scriptaid – a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Scriptaid reduced glioma cell viability by increasing Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Although scriptaid induced activation of both p38MAPK and JNK, it was the inhibition of JNK that attenuated scriptaid‐induced apoptosis significantly. Scriptaid also increased the expression of (i) p21 and p27 involved in cell‐cycle regulation and (ii) γH2AX associated with DNA damage response in a JNK‐dependent manner. Treatment with scriptaid increased Ras activity in glioma cells, and transfection of cells with constitutively active RasV12 further sensitized glioma cells to scriptaid‐induced apoptosis. Scriptaid also inhibited telomerase activity independent of JNK. Taken together, our findings indicate that scriptaid (i) induces apoptosis and reduces glioma cell proliferation by elevating JNK activation and (ii) also decreases telomerase activity in a JNK‐independent manner.
Unconventional implant treatment: I. Implant placement in contact with ankylosed root fragments. A series of five case reports
Authors: Davarpanah Mithridade , Szmukler‐Moncler Serge 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: Implant treatment presumes that implants are placed in bone, without any contact with root. At ankylosed teeth, complete root removal is often invasive; subsequently, the sites require additional augmentation procedures to complete the treatment. The aim of this paper is to report on a series of five cases that have been treated with an approach that avoided extractive invasive surgery and bone damage.Material and methods: The procedure consisted of preparing the osteotomy site by drilling through the root. At the end of the drilling sequence, the root fragments that were not removed were deliberately left at the osteotomy site. Their mobility was checked with a dental pick and when stable an implant was placed in contact with them. The sites were required to be asymptomatic and inflammation free. Ankylosed teeth were replaced with 13–15‐mm‐long Osseotite implants, four in the anterior maxilla and one in the anterior mandible.Results: All implants healed uneventfully; they have been now loaded for a period of 12–42 months. On peri‐apical radiographs, appearance of the bone–implant interface was similar to osseointegrated implants. The remaining root fragments were visible, in contact with the implants; no specific pathological sign could be detected. A limited resorption of dentine was found at one site after 4 years.Conclusion: This series of cases suggests that implants placed in contact with ankylosed root fragments might not interfere with implant integration or harm occlusal function, at least in the mid‐term. More cases are warranted before this procedure might be considered as a reliable clinical option when, at ankylosed teeth, one wishes to avoid an invasive extraction surgery.
Influence of residual alveolar bone height on implant stability in the maxilla: an experimental animal study
Authors: Fenner Matthias , Vairaktaris Eleftherios , Stockmann Philipp , Schlegel Karl Andreas , Neukam Friedrich Wilhelm , Nkenke Emeka 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAims/Background: Empirically, for implant placement associated with sinus floor augmentation, a minimum of five mm of residual crestal bone height has been recommended in order to achieve sufficient initial implant stability. It has been the aim of the study to test this assumption in an experimental animal trial.Material and methods: In eight mini pigs, three premolars and two molars were removed on one side of the maxilla. Three months later the animals were assigned to four groups of two animals each. A cavity was created at the base of the alveolar process so that the residual bone height was reduced to 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm, respectively. The coronal part of the alveolar crest remained unchanged. An inlay augmentation procedure was carried out using a particulated autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest, and six implants (Xive, diameter 3.8 mm, length 13 mm) were placed. Implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis at the time of implant placement (T0), after 6 months of unloaded healing (T1) and after 6 months of functional loading (T2).Results: During follow‐up, two implants were lost in sites with a residual alveolar bone height of 2 mm. At the time of implant placement, resonance frequencies were 6754.4±268, 6500.3±281.5, 6890.3±255.4 and 7877.9±233.7 Hz for residual bone heights of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm, respectively. At stage‐two surgery and after 6 months of functional loading, resonance frequencies were 6431.7±290.8, 6351.8±437.6, 6213.4±376.2 and 6826.8±458.9 Hz vs. 6171±437.4, 6047±572.4, 6156.7±272.6 and 6412.8±283.5 Hz. Statistical analysis revealed an association of residual alveolar height and implant stability at T0 and T1 only (P<0.01), while bone height was not found to influence implant survival.Conclusion: The results of the present trial demonstrate an association of alveolar bone height and implant stability at the time of implant placement and stage‐two surgery. Yet the assumption that 5 mm of residual crestal bone height is a relevant threshold for simultaneous implant placement and sinus floor augmentation is not supported from an experimental point of view.
Assessment of dental implant stability in osseodistraction‐generated bone: a resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Bilbao Arturo , Hernández‐De Oliveira M. , Varela‐Centelles Pablo I. , Seoane J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective: To determine the implant stability in osseodistraction‐generated (ODG) bone after a 2‐month consolidation period, assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA).Material and methods: Twenty healthy, non‐smoker female patients received 71 dental implants, 39 placed in native bone and 32 in ODG bone, after an 8‐week consolidation period. Primary and secondary stability of the implants was assessed by means of the Osstell®mentor device. The average value of six measurements was considered for the statistical analysis at each time point.Results: The age of the patients who received implants in ODG was not significantly different from that of those receiving implants in pristine bone (48.0±10.9); [X=1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI)=−7.7–10.9].Although implants placed in both bone types indicated good primary stability, a statistically significant difference in favour of implants placed in pristine bone could be identified in terms of osteogenic distraction (OD) (Xi−Xj=3.4; 95% CI=1.7–5.8). After a 1.5‐month integration period, none of the implants failed, but implant stability still recorded higher values for implants located in the pristine bone (Xi−Xj=2.5; 95% CI=0.5–4.4).A positive linear correlation could be established between the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at implant placement (primary stability) and the post‐integration ISQ score (secondary stability) for both bone types, but only 16% of the post‐integration ISQ in the ODG bone could be attributed to the primary stability.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, OD bone offers – after a 2‐month consolidation period – high primary and secondary stabilities after implant placement.
Connective tissue graft plus resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration for the treatment of gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesion: a randomized‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Nociti Júnior Francisco Humberto , Sallum Antônio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the treatment of gingival recession, associated with non‐carious cervical lesions by a connective tissue graft (CTG) alone, or in combination with a resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration (CTG+R).Materials and Methods: Forty patients presenting Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions, associated with non‐carious cervical lesions, were selected. The defects were randomly assigned to receive either CTG or CTG+R. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), relative gingival recession (RGR), clinical attachment level (CAL) and cervical lesion height (CLH) coverage were measured at baseline and 45 days, and 2, 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results: Both groups showed statistically significant gains in CAL and soft tissue coverage. The differences between groups were not statistically significant in BOP, PD, RGR and CAL, after 6 months. The percentages of CLH covered were 74.88 ± 8.66% for CTG and 70.76 ± 9.81% for CTG+R (p>0.05). The estimated root coverage was 91.91 ± 17.76% for CTG and 88.64 ± 11.9% for CTG+R (p>0.05).Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that both procedures provide comparable soft tissue coverage. The presence of the glass ionomer restoration may not prevent the root coverage achieved by CTG.
The effect of eye opening and closing on the result of facial wrinkle assessment
Authors: Tsukahara Kazue , Hotta Mitsuyuki , Osanai Osamu , Fujimura Tutomu , Kitahara Takashi , Takema Yoshinori 
Published: July 2009

Background/purpose: Since there is no standard protocol that specifies the opening or closing of eyelids in wrinkle assessment, the eyelid position of subjects at the time of assessment varies from study to study. This study aimed to reveal the effect of eye opening and closing on the result of wrinkle assessment. The study also attempted to analyze the age‐, site‐, and ethnicity‐dependent variations in the effect.Methods: Open‐ and closed‐eyed photographs were obtained from 87 Japanese women of ages ranging from 21 to 73 years, and also from 80 American women comprising of Asians, Caucasians, Africans and Hispanics in their 30s. Their wrinkle intensities were scored separately at nine facial sites using a five‐point photo scale. The obtained scores were compared between open‐ and closed‐eyed photographs. The differences were then compared across age‐ and ethnic‐groups.Results: In Japanese subjects, a significant difference was found at the forehead wrinkle in all age groups, and also at the glabella, nasal root and eye corner in the middle and old age groups. In American subjects, significant differences were found at the forehead, nasal root, eye‐corner, and upper and lower eyelids. The differences were more prominent in the Hispanic and Caucasian Americans than in the Asian and African Americans.Conclusion: These results suggest that the eyelid position should be considered as a variable in wrinkle assessment.
A Comparative Analysis of Embryo and Endosperm Proteome from Seeds of Jatropha curcas
Authors: Liu Hui , Liu Yu‐Jun , Yang Ming‐Feng , Shen Shi‐Hua 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Jatropha curcas is an important economic plant for biodiesel, which is extracted mainly from the endosperm of its mature seeds. Despite the morphological and functional differences between the embryo and endosperm, proteomic characteristics of the two tissues are not yet known. Similar proteomic profiles were observed in the two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis maps from the two tissues. There were 380 and 533 major protein spots in the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Fourteen identical spots, showing a notable change, were selected and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Among these proteins, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (spot 27) participates in tricarboxylic acid cycle, which is an amphibolic pathway. The two parts both included proteins related to stress (spots 8, 115, 118, 125, 130) and signal transduction (spots 7, 100, 108). According to the volume percentage of proteins in embryo and endosperm, the proteins in endosperm (spots 54, 61, 73) were catabolism‐related enzymes and reserves to provide the nutrition for seed germination; the proteins in embryo (spots 27, 62, 122) were inclined to anabolism and utilized the nutrition from the endosperm to generate a new life.
Sustainability Science Partnerships in Concept and in Practice: a Guide to a New Curriculum from a European Perspective
Authors: DE LA VEGA‐LEINERT A. CRISTINA , STOLL‐KLEEMANN SUSANNE , O'RIORDAN TIM 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper makes the case for advancing sustainability science partnerships (SSPs) both within universities and through innovative means of integrating universities with external public‐private and civil sectors. It links the basic principles of sustainable development with an emerging science of cooperative learning that connects researchers to a wide range of partners. SSPs are specifically designed to be transformational through becoming active agents for societal change. Universities play a special role here because they can act both as communication networks and as laboratories for developing the capability to design and manage SSPs in the creative transition to sustainability. It is gratifying to note that these ideas are beginning to emerge in a number of universities, with European examples being highlighted in this paper. Further steps towards introducing full‐blooded SSPs across the university spectrum are suggested.
Enhanced pulmonary expression of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor in hypoxic rats is associated with increased acetylcholine‐induced airway contractility
Authors: Sciesielski L. K. , Paliege A. , Martinka P. , Scholz H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  We have recently reported that hypoxia stimulates transcription of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor in cultured cells via stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α. Here we investigated whether the expression of TrkB and other neurotrophin receptors is oxygen‐sensitive also in vivo, and explored the functional consequences of an oxygen‐regulated TrkB expression.Methods:  Rats were exposed either to 21% O2 or 8% O2 for 6 h and TrkB was analysed by reverse transcription real‐time PCR, in situ mRNA hybridization, and immunological techniques. The importance of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)‐TrkB pathway in the control of mechanical airway function was assessed on isolated tracheal segments from normoxic and hypoxic rats.Results:  TrkB transcripts were increased approx. 15‐fold in the lungs of hypoxic rats, and the respiratory epithelium was identified as the site of enhanced TrkB expression in hypoxia. The TrkB ligand, BDNF, significantly increased the contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) of isolated tracheal segments from hypoxic but not from normoxic rats. This effect of BDNF was prevented by pre‐incubation of the tissue specimens with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a and by mechanical removal of the TrkB containing airway epithelium. Likewise, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor l‐NAME abrogated the influence of BDNF on ACh‐induced contractions of isolated tracheal segments from hypoxic rats.Conclusion:  These results demonstrate that systemic hypoxia stimulates expression of the TrkB neurotrophin receptor in the airway epithelium. Furthermore, activation of TrkB signalling by BDNF in hypoxia enhances mechanical airway contractility to ACh through a mechanism that requires NO.
Experimental Chemotherapy againstTrypanosoma cruziInfection Using Ruthenium Nitric Oxide Donors
Authors: Silva Jean Jerley N. , Pavanelli Wander R. , Pereira José Clayston M. , Silva João S. , Franco Douglas W. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThe ruthenium NO donors of the grouptrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4L]n+, where the ligand (L) is N-heterocyclic H2O, SO32−, or triethyl phosphite, are able to lyseTrypanosoma cruziin vitro and in vivo. Using half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentrations against bloodstream trypomastigotes (IC50try) and cytotoxicity data on mammalian V-79 cells (IC50V79), the in vitro therapeutic indices (TIs) (IC50V79/IC50try) for these compounds were calculated. Compounds that exhibited an in vitro TI of ≥10 and trypanocidal activity against both epimastigotes and trypomastigotes with an IC50try/epiof ≤100 μM were assayed in a mouse model for acute Chagas' disease, using two different routes (intraperitoneal and oral) for drug administration. A dose-effect relationship was observed, and from that, the ideal dose of 400 nmol/kg of body weight for bothtrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4isn](BF4)3(isn, isonicotinamide) andtrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4imN](BF4)3(imN, imidazole) and median (50%) effective doses (ED50) of 86 and 190 nmol/kg, respectively, were then calculated. Since the 50% lethal doses (LD50) for both compounds are higher than 125 μmol/kg, the in vivo TIs (LD50/ED50) of the compounds are 1,453 fortrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4isn](BF4)3and 658 fortrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4imN](BF4)3. Although these compounds exhibit a marked trypanocidal activity and are able to react with cysteine, they exhibit very low activity inT. cruzi-glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase tests, suggesting that this enzyme is not their target. Thetrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4isn](BF4)3andtrans-[Ru(NO)(NH3)4imN](BF4)3compounds are able to eliminate amastigote nests in myocardium tissue at 400-nmol/kg doses and ensure the survival of all infected mice, thus opening a novel set of therapies to try against trypanosomatids.
Lipid Segregation Explains Selective Toxicity of a Series of Fragments Derived from the Human Cathelicidin LL-37
Authors: Epand Raquel F. , Wang Guangshun , Berno Bob , Epand Richard M. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT

The only human cathelicidin, the 37-residue peptide LL-37, exhibits antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. We studied the ability of several fragments of LL-37, exhibiting different antimicrobial activities, to interact with membranes whose compositions mimic the cytoplasmic membranes of gram-positive or of gram-negative bacteria. These fragments are as follows: KR-12, the smallest active segment of LL-37, with the sequence KRIVQRIKDFLR, which exhibits antimicrobial activity only against gram-negative bacteria; a slightly smaller peptide, RI-10, missing the two cationic residues at the N and C termini of KR-12, which has been shown not to have any antimicrobial activity; a longer peptide, GF-17, which shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria; and GF-17D3, with 3
d
-amino-acid residues, which is also selective only for gram-negative bacteria. Those fragments with the capacity to cluster anionic lipids away from zwitterionic lipids in a membrane exhibit selective toxicity toward bacteria containing zwitterionic as well as anionic lipids in their cytoplasmic membranes but not toward bacteria with only anionic lipids. This finding allows for the prediction of the bacterial-species selectivity of certain agents and paves the way for designing new antimicrobials targeted specifically toward gram-negative bacteria.