bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A defect contour imaging method of small diameter pipeline based on self-made three-dimensional magnetic sensor
Authors: Yang Qiang , Xia Tianfei , Zhang Lijia , Zhou Ziye , Guo Dequan , Gu Ao , Zeng Xucai , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use the corresponding magnetic sensor and detection method to detect and image the defects of small diameter pipelines. Urban gas pipeline is an energy transportation tool for urban industrial production and social life, which is closely related to urban safety. Preventing the occurrence of urban gas pipeline transportation accidents and carrying out pipeline defect detection are of great significance for the urban economic and social stability. To perform pipeline defect detection, the magnetic flux leakage internal detection method is generally used in the detection of large-diameter long-distance oil and gas pipelines. However, in terms of the internal detection of small-diameter pipelines, due to the heavy weight, large structure of the detection device and small pipe diameter, the detection is more difficult.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to solve the above matters, self-made three-dimensional magnetic sensor and three-dimensional magnetic flux leakage imaging direct method are proposed for studying the defect identification. Firstly, for adapting to the diameter range of small-diameter pipelines, and containing the complete information of the defect, a self-made three-dimensional magnetic sensor is made in this paper to improve the accuracy of magnetic flux leakage detection. And on the basis of it, a small diameter pipeline defect detection system is built. Secondly, as detection signal may be affected by background magnetic field interference and the jitter interference, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise method is utilized to screen the detected signal. As a result, the useful signal is reconstructed and the interference signal is removed. Finally, the defect contour inversion imaging of detection is realized based on the direct method of three-dimensional magnetic flux leakage imaging, which includes three-dimensional magnetic flux leakage detection data and data segmentation recognition.

Findings
The three-dimensional magnetic flux leakage imaging experimental results shown that, compared to the actual defects, the typical defects, irregular defects and crack groove defects can be analyzed by the magnetic flux leakage defect contour imaging method in qualitative and quantitative way respectively, which provides a new idea for the research of defect recognition.

Originality/value
A three-dimensional magnetic sensor is made to adapt the diameter range of small diameter pipeline, and based on it, a small-diameter pipeline defect detection system is built to collect and display the magnetic flux leakage signal.
New horizons in gerotranscendence interventions. Targeting nursing home staff members and other caregivers: a scoping review
Authors: Abreu Taiane , Araujo Lia , Teixeira Laetitia , Ribeiro Oscar 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The aim of this scoping review is to describe the published gerotranscendence interventions targeting older adults’ caregivers and their outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Six databases were searched, and three studies were selected for analysis: one short-term quasi-experimental study and two observational studies.

Findings
The interventions consisted in an instructional moment about the gerotranscendence theory and a moment for sharing personal perceptions.

Originality/value
Gerotranscendence interventions can be essential for the caregivers to have a better relationship with the older adults, as they could improve their perception on their needs. Even though the interventions presented promising results benefiting caregivers and older adults, none of the studies confirmed that these changes persisted in the long term and additional studies are needed to robustly investigate this subject.
Multiple‐stressor effects on leaf litter decomposition in freshwater ecosystems: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Medina Madariaga Graciela , Ferreira Verónica , Arora Roshni , Mansour India , David Gwendoline M. , Jähnig Sonja C. , He Fengzhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed a surge in research on the effects of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems. While studies have increased, the synthesis of their findings into a broader understanding of ecosystem‐level effects remains an ongoing endeavour. Leaf litter decomposition, a frequently investigated and pivotal ecosystem function in freshwaters, is sensitive to changes in abiotic conditions and biotic communities, and therefore susceptible to multiple‐stressor effects.

Here, we synthesize findings from 27 manipulative experimental studies encompassing 61 responses of litter decomposition to paired stressors such as warming, nutrient enrichment and emerging pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. We calculated the individual and overall interaction effect sizes resulting from two stressors occurring simultaneously. Furthermore, we analysed the effect of moderator variables in the size and direction of interaction effect sizes using a meta‐analytical approach.

Although the vote‐counting method showed additive interactions to dominate individual observations (91.8%), weighted random‐effects meta‐analysis revealed an overall antagonistic interaction between stressors (i.e. the cumulative effect of paired stressors on litter decomposition was less than the sum of their single effects). Our results emphasized the influence of experimental characteristics such as macroinvertebrate involvement, habitat type (lentic vs. lotic) and litter quality (assumed from plant mycorrhizal association) in shaping the responses of litter decomposition to multiple stressors.

Our meta‐analysis highlights the need to incorporate local ecological complexities in manipulative experiments to improve predictions of multiple‐stressor effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The present study underscores the importance of considering biotic interactions and adopting the metacommunity framework in conservation and restoration actions to support the management of freshwater ecosystems in an era of rapid global change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Leveraging relationships between species abundances to improve predictions and inform conservation
Authors: Scher C. Lane , Roberts Sarah M. , Krause Kevin P. , Clark James S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Many management and conservation contexts can benefit from understanding relationships between species abundances, which can be used to improve predictions of species occurrence and abundance.

We present conditional prediction as a tool to capture information about species abundances via residual covariance between species. From a fitted joint species distribution model, this framework produces a species coefficient matrix that contains relationships between species abundances. The species coefficients allow co‐observed species to be treated as a second set of predictors supplementing covariates in the model to improve prediction. We use simulations to demonstrate the potential benefits and limitations of conditional prediction across data types and species covariance before applying conditional prediction to two management contexts with real data.

Simulations demonstrate that conditional prediction provides the largest benefits to continuous data and when there is residual covariance between many species.

In our first application, we show that conditioning on other species improves in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictions of fish and invertebrate species, including Atlantic cod. In our second application, we show that the species coefficient matrix can be used to identify bird species at risk of nest parasitism by Brown‐headed Cowbirds.

Synthesis and applications. We present guidelines for using conditional prediction, which can help understand relationships between species abundances, improve predictions and inform conservation in a variety of contexts.
An updated checklist of serpentinophytes for research and conservation in ultramafic ecosystems on the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
Authors: Pérez‐Latorre Andrés V. , Keen Nazaret , Casimiro‐Soriguer Federico , Goncalves Estefany , Hidalgo‐Triana Noelia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough checklists are essential tools for managing and conserving ultramafic ecosystems, no updated checklist currently exists for ultramafic ecosystems on the southern Iberian Peninsula. Thus, the objectives of our study were (1) to create an updated checklist of serpentinophytes on southern Iberian Peninsula, (2) to determine whether the distribution of serpentinophytes is associated with certain specific types of ultramafic rocks, and (3) to calculate the abundance and richness of serpentinophytes per outcrop to guide conservation efforts. Following a methodology involving field work and searches of bibliographies and herbaria we produced an updated checklist containing 28 serpentinophytes (i.e., 23 obligates, one preferential taxon, one sub‐serpentinophyte, and three regional serpentinophytes). The serpentinophytes showed different petrological affinity, where harzburgite–lherzolite and harzburgite–pyroxenite–dunite exhibited higher occupancy, possibly due to their mineralogical and chemical composition (e.g., containing heavy metals) and/or the larger surface area of those outcrops. We also observed that the occupancy of 21 species was higher in different petrographic entities, the reasons for which could be elucidated by future soil analyses. The highest richness of serpentinophytes was found in the main outcrop of Bermeja, followed by smaller outcrops of Alpujata, Aguas, and Guadalhorce Valley. Although the richness of Aguas resembled that of Alpujata, a notable difference emerged in some of its areas owing to bioclimatic and biogeographic isolation. Given the exclusive presence of serpentinophyte flora on the southern Iberian Peninsula, all southern Iberian outcrops should receive some form of conservation as protected natural spaces.
How CEOs can Increase Public Engagement via Microblogs: The Role of CEO Gender and Content Orientation
Authors: Wu Tong , Reynolds Jonathan , Schlegelmilch Bodo B. , Wu Jintao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the social media era, Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are increasingly using microblogging sites to communicate with the public. Drawing on schema‐congruity theory and gender egalitarianism, we investigate how CEO gender and work–life content orientation interact to influence public engagement with CEOs on microblogs. Using China as our research setting, we conduct a content analysis of data collected from 63 high‐profile CEOs’ microblogs and four laboratory studies with some 2000 respondents. Our results show that for female CEOs, work‐related content leads to greater engagement than life‐related content; for male CEOs, the effect is reversed. We find that such outcomes are driven by the incongruity between stereotypical gender roles and content orientation, which enhances perceived novelty and audience interest, thus leading to greater engagement. This effect diminishes when the audience has a very high or very low perception of gender equality in their society; or when the audience supports male privilege values personally. Our research provides new theoretical insights for online leadership communication, public engagement and gender research. It also offers useful managerial guidance for executives to effectively leverage the capabilities of social media in engaging with the public.
Phenotypes of maternal vascular malperfusion placental pathology and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zur Rebecca L. , McLaughlin Kelsey , Aalto Laura , Jiang Yidi , Huszti Ella , Parks W. Tony , Kingdom John C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify which components of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) pathology are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and to investigate the morphological phenotypes of MVM placental pathology and their relationship with distinct clinical presentations of pre‐eclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care hospital in Toronto, Canada.PopulationPregnant individuals with low circulating maternal placental growth factor (PlGF) levels (<100 pg/mL) and placental pathology analysis between March 2017 and December 2019.MethodsAssociation between each pathological finding and the outcomes of interest were calculated using the chi‐square test. Cluster analysis and logistic regression was used to identify phenotypic clusters, and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Cluster analysis was performed using the K‐modes unsupervised clustering algorithm.Main outcome measuresPreterm delivery <34+0 weeks of gestation, early onset pre‐eclampsia with delivery <34+0 weeks of gestation, birthweight <10th percentile (small for gestational age, SGA) and stillbirth.ResultsThe diagnostic features of MVM most strongly associated with delivery <34+0 weeks of gestation were: infarction, accelerated villous maturation, distal villous hypoplasia and decidual vasculopathy. Two dominant phenotypic clusters of MVM pathology were identified. The largest cluster (n = 104) was characterised by both reduced placental mass and hypoxic ischaemic injury (infarction and accelerated villous maturation), and was associated with combined pre‐eclampsia and SGA. The second dominant cluster (n = 59) was characterised by infarction and accelerated villous maturation alone, and was associated with pre‐eclampsia and average birthweight for gestational age.ConclusionsPatients with placental MVM disease are at high risk of pre‐eclampsia and FGR, and distinct pathological findings correlate with different clinical phenotypes, suggestive of distinct subtypes of MVM disease.
Trends in severe postpartum haemorrhage among nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labour: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Mentzoni Camilla Tjønneland , Klungsøyr Kari , Engjom Hilde Marie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of severe postpartum haemorrhage among nulliparous women with a spontaneous onset of labour at term from 2000 to 2020.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingNational, using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.PopulationWomen (n = 330 244) who gave birth to their first singleton child in a cephalic presentation after a spontaneous onset of labour at term.MethodsCross‐tabulations and regression analysis with generalised linear models were used to assess time trends and adjust for potential confounding factors. We also stratified the analyses by maternal age groups, obstetric interventions, mode of delivery and institution size. Time trends were analysed using periods of 5 or 6 years as a unit, and the period from 2000 to 2004 was used as the reference.Main outcome measuresSevere postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) was defined as blood loss of >1500 mL within 24 h and/or in combination with blood transfusion.ResultsSevere PPH occurred in 7601/330 244 (2.30%) women. The incidence increased from 1.24% in 2000–2004 to 3.83% in 2015–2020 (adjusted relative risk, aRR 2.90; 95% CI 2.70–3.12). Changes in maternal characteristics or obstetric interventions did not explain the increase, and we found similar increases across institutions of all sizes.ConclusionsThe incidence of severe PPH among nulliparous women increased almost threefold over 21 years. The current high incidence warrants urgent efforts to assess unknown risk factors, the health care provided and health system factors that may contribute to the increase, to inform improvements in care.
Incidence of teacher reflection on the teacher's understanding of diversity and its role in the transition to inclusive education
Authors: Becerra Sepúlveda Carolina , Picol Córdova Carolina , Silva Martínez Estefanía , Tapia Pavez Valentina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research focuses on including people with disabilities in higher education. It proposes that reflective teaching is a tool to move from an integrative to an inclusive approach. Using a qualitative methodology, it analyzes teachers' positions on integration and inclusion, using focus groups to collect information. The results show that most teachers are close to the integration approach, although they recognize difficulties in implementing inclusion. Academics highlight the importance of curricular adaptation, flexible methodology and universal learning design to enable the participation of students with disabilities in higher education. The analyses also highlight the constant need for teachers to adapt, which generates additional pressure, especially for those who adhere to an inclusive approach. Teachers should base their reflection on the emotional and rational components of teaching, which play a crucial role in balancing the individual and objective freedoms of teachers and students, thus ensuring a fair and equitable educational environment for all.
Genetically determined blood pressure, antihypertensive drug classes, and frailty: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhuang Zhenhuang , Li Yueying , Zhao Yimin , Huang Ninghao , Wang Wenxiu , Xiao Wendi , Du Jie , Dong Xue , Song Zimin , Jia Jinzhu , Liu Zhonghua , Clarke Robert , Qi Lu , Huang Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObservational studies have suggested that the use of antihypertensive drugs was associated with the risk of frailty; however, these findings may be biased by confounding and reverse causality. This study aimed to explore the effect of genetically predicted lifelong lowering blood pressure (BP) through different antihypertensive medications on frailty. One‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and summary data‐based MR (SMR) were applied. We utilized two kinds of genetic instruments to proxy the antihypertensive medications, including genetic variants within or nearby drugs target genes associated with systolic/diastolic BP, and expression level of the corresponding gene. Among 298,618 UK Biobank participants, one‐sample MR analysis observed that genetically proxied BB use (relative risk ratios, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90; p = 0.001) and CCB use (0.83; 0.72–0.95; p = 0.007), equivalent to a 10‐mm Hg reduction in systolic BP, was significantly associated with lower risk of pre‐frailty. In addition, although not statistically significant, the effect directions of systolic BP through ACEi variants (0.72; 0.39–1.33; p = 0.296) or thiazides variants (0.74; 0.53–1.03; p = 0.072) on pre‐frailty were also protective. Similar results were obtained in analyses for diastolic BP. SMR of expression in artery showed that decreased expression level of KCNH2, a target gene of BBs, was associated with lower frailty index (beta −0.02, p = 2.87 × 10−4). This MR analysis found evidence that the use of BBs and CCBs was potentially associated with reduced frailty risk in the general population, and identified KCNH2 as a promising target for further clinical trials to prevent manifestations of frailty.
Gambling participation and risk after COVID‐19: Analysis of a population representative longitudinal panel of Australians
Authors: Suomi Aino , Kim Jeffrey , Hahn Markus H. , Biddle Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gambling participation and levels of gambling harm across populations during the pandemic is now addressed in a well‐established body of empirical literature. This study aimed to measure the longer‐term implications of COVID‐19 on gambling participation and levels of gambling harm.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study using group‐based trajectory modelling.SettingAustralia, using gambling participation, problem gambling risk, sociodemographic and psychosocial data from 2019 (pre COVID‐19), 2020, 2021 (during COVID‐19) and 2023 (post COVID‐19).ParticipantsA population representative survey of Australian adults, including four waves collected in April 2019 (n = 2054), November 2020 (n = 3029), October 2021 (n = 3474) and January 2023 (n = 3370), with a subset (n = 3160) of the sample having longitudinal data available.MeasurementsParticipants were asked which gambling activities they participated in over the past 12 months for money. Problem gambling risk was measured by the nine‐item Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).FindingsThere was an overall reduction in gambling participation during COVID‐19 and return to pre‐pandemic levels for most gambling activities by 2023. The longitudinal analysis yielded four trajectories of gambling participation from 2019 to 2023, including individuals who (1) never gambled (25.0% of the longitudinal sample; n = 789); (2) engaged in non‐problematic gambling (59.8%; n = 1888); (3) ceased gambling during COVID‐19 and started again post pandemic (10.7%; n = 337); and (4) engaged in high risk gambling (4.6%; n = 146), with particular demographic and psychosocial profiles and patterns of participation in specific gambling activities related to these trajectories.ConclusionsAlthough overall gambling participation rates decreased at the population level in Australia during COVID‐19, by 2023 participation in gambling appeared to have nearly returned to pre‐pandemic levels. Patterns of gambling behavior before, during and after the pandemic appear to be heterogeneous.
The testosterone replacement therapy for prostate cancer patients: Time to take the leap?
Authors: Le Guevelou Jennifer , Ploussard Guillaume , Roubaud Guilhem , Sargos Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of new systemic therapies resulted in a significant decrease in prostate cancer (PCa) death in the past decades. It comes at the cost of an increase in the proportion of men living with long‐term treatment‐induced hypogonadism. In a population of men with no history of PCa, the testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) proved its ability to both improve erectile function and reduce cardiovascular morbidity, translating into an improved overall survival. Whether TRT is safe and efficient in PCa patients remains an open question. Here, we present an overview on the safety of TRT for PCa patients and discuss the optimal population eligible for TRT after the PCa treatment.