bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental variation is directly responsible for short‐ but not long‐term variation in forest‐atmosphere carbon exchange
Authors: RICHARDSON ANDREW D. , HOLLINGER DAVID Y. , ABER JOHN D. , OLLINGER SCOTT V. , BRASWELL BOBBY H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTower‐based eddy covariance measurements of forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange from many sites around the world indicate that there is considerable year‐to‐year variation in net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Here, we use a statistical modeling approach to partition the interannual variability in NEE (and its component fluxes, ecosystem respiration, Reco, and gross photosynthesis, Pgross) into two main effects: variation in environmental drivers (air and soil temperature, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and soil water content) and variation in the biotic response to this environmental forcing (as characterized by the model parameters). The model is applied to a 9‐year data set from the Howland AmeriFlux site, a spruce‐dominated forest in Maine, USA. Gap‐filled flux measurements at this site indicate that the forest has been sequestering, on average, 190 g C m−2 yr−1, with a range from 130 to 270 g C m−2 yr−1. Our fitted model predicts somewhat more uptake (mean 270 g C m−2 yr−1), but interannual variation is similar, and wavelet variance analyses indicate good agreement between tower measurements and model predictions across a wide range of timescales (hours to years). Associated with the interannual variation in NEE are clear differences among years in model parameters for both Reco and Pgross. Analysis of model predictions suggests that, at the annual time step, about 40% of the variance in modeled NEE can be attributed to variation in environmental drivers, and 55% to variation in the biotic response to this forcing. As model predictions are aggregated at longer timescales (from individual days to months to calendar year), variation in environmental drivers becomes progressively less important, and variation in the biotic response becomes progressively more important, in determining the modeled flux. There is a strong negative correlation between modeled annual Pgross and Reco (r=−0.93, P≤0.001); two possible explanations for this correlation are discussed. The correlation promotes homeostasis of NEE: the interannual variation in modeled NEE is substantially less than that for either Pgross or Reco
YKL‐40 and mast cells are associated with detrusor fibrosis in patients diagnosed with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis according to the 2008 criteria of the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Richter Benedikte , Roslind Anne , Hesse Ulrik , Nordling Jørgen , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Horn Thomas , Hansen Alastair Bierre 
Published: September 2010

Richter B, Roslind A, Hesse U, Nordling J, Johansen J S, Horn T & Hansen A B (2010) Histopathology 57, 371–383 YKL‐40 and mast cells are associated with detrusor fibrosis in patients diagnosed with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis according to the 2008 criteria of the European Society for the Study of Interstitial CystitisAims:  Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), diagnosed according to the new 2008 criteria of the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC), may lead to detrusor fibrosis. In some inflammatory diseases, fibrosis is related to YKL‐40. The aims were to examine YKL‐40 antigenic expression in bladder tissue and levels in serum and urine in BPS/IC and to evaluate whether YKL‐40 could be a non‐invasive, prognostic biomarker for bladder fibrogenesis and treatment intensity.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses in 45 patients showed YKL‐40 expression in detrusor mast cell granules and submucosal macrophages, and elevated YKL‐40 levels in serum and urine compared to healthy individuals (median 72 versus 7 μg/l, P < 0.001). Clinicopathological parameters showed associations of detrusor fibrosis with YKL‐40‐positive cells (P = 0.001), mast cells (P = 0.014) and urine YKL‐40 (P = 0.009). Bladder capacity correlated inversely with YKL‐40‐positive cells (P < 0.001) and mast cells (P = 0.029). Treatment intensity was not associated with YKL‐40.Conclusion:  Serum and urine levels of YKL‐40 may be used as non‐invasive biomarkers in BPS/IC for the evaluation of bladder fibrogenesis.
Human salivary gland morphogenesis: myoepithelial cell maturation assessed by immunohistochemical markers
Authors: Ianez Renata Fraga , Buim Marcilei E , Coutinho‐Camillo Claudia M , Schultz Regina , Soares Fernando A , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa 
Published: September 2010

Ianez R F, Buim M E, Coutinho‐Camillo C M, Schultz R, Soares F A & Lourenço S V (2010) Histopathology 57, 410–417 Human salivary gland morphogenesis: myoepithelial cell maturation assessed by immunohistochemical markersAims:  Myoepithelial cells are important components of salivary gland structure, aiding the expulsion of saliva from acinar lobules. The aim was to evaluate the expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA), calponin, caldesmon, CD10, CD29, S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and p63 in myoepithelial cells during salivary gland morphogenesis to understand the maturation process of these cells and their possible use in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.Methods and results:  Major and minor human salivary glands at various stages of development, derived from fetuses at 8–26 weeks of gestation, were studied immunohistochemically. Fully developed salivary glands were used as controls. The protein p63 was present in all stages of salivary gland morphogenesis from initial bud to terminal bud stage. CD29, S100 and calponin were detected increasingly as salivary gland structure matured and in fully developed salivary gland. Proteins GFAP, CD10 and caldesmon were not observed in myoepithelial cells of salivary glands.Conclusions:  The proteins SMA, calponin, CD29, S100 and p63, which are present from the earliest stages of salivary gland maturation, are valuable myoepithelial markers but, although very specific, are not exclusive markers for this cell type.
The role of historical factors and natural selection in the evolution of breeding systems of Oxalis alpina in the Sonoran desert ‘Sky Islands’
Authors: PÉREZ‐ALQUICIRA J. , MOLINA‐FREANER F. E. , PIÑERO D. , WELLER S. G. , MARTÍNEZ‐MEYER E. , ROZAS J. , DOMÍNGUEZ C. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPleistocene climatic oscillations are known to influence the patterns of genetic diversity and the distribution of traits that are the target of selection. Here, we combine phylogeographical and ecological niche modelling (ENM) approaches to explore the influence of historical factors (Pleistocene climatic shifts) and natural selection on the evolution of distyly (two floral morphs) from tristyly (three floral morphs) of Oxalis alpina in the Sky Islands of the Sonoran Desert. Molecular data and ENM indicate that historical factors have had a strong influence on the genetic structure and the geographical distribution of reproductive systems of O. alpina. Moreover, genetic results suggest the possibility that distylous populations do not represent a monophyletic group. We propose that the combined effects of natural selection and genetic drift have influenced the tristyly–distyly transition.
Melanin coloration has temperature‐dependent effects on breeding performance that may maintain phenotypic variation in a passerine bird
Authors: SIRKIÄ P. M. , VIROLAINEN M. , LAAKSONEN T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFluctuating selection pressure may maintain phenotypic variation because of different types of individuals being adapted to different environmental conditions. We show that the extensive variation in the coloration of male pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) can be maintained through differences in the reproductive success of male phenotypes under different conditions. The effects of weather conditions on the relative success of different male phenotypes varied between different phases of breeding. The reproductive output of black males was the highest when it was cold during egg‐laying but warm during the nestling period, whereas the fledgling production of brown males was highest when it was continuously warm. In addition, male forehead and wing patch sizes had context‐dependent effects on timing of breeding and nestling mortality, respectively. These results indicate that environmental heterogeneity plays a role in maintaining phenotypic variation. As melanin‐based coloration is heritable, climate change may alter phenotype frequencies depending on the patterns of warming.
Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) as bioturbators in neritic habitats: an insight through the analysis of benthic molluscs in the diet
Authors: Lazar Bojan , Gračan Romana , Katić Jelena , Zavodnik Dušan , Jaklin Andrej , Tvrtković Nikola 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMolluscs are a diverse and ubiquitous group of organisms which contribute to the formation of biogenic sediments and are one of the major prey taxa for the neritic‐stage loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) worldwide. Here we investigated to what degree molluscs contribute to the diet of individual turtles, and what role the feeding strategy of loggerheads might play in bioturbation, one of the key processes in nutrient transport in marine ecosystems. We performed a detailed analysis of benthic molluscs from the digestive tracts of 62 loggerhead sea turtles (curved carapace length: 25.0–85.4 cm) found in the Northern Adriatic Sea. From 50 of the turtles that contained benthic molluscs, we identified 87 species representing 40 families and three classes (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Scaphopoda), including 72 new dietary records for loggerhead turtle. Most of the identified molluscs were small‐sized species (shell length ≤ 3 cm) and were often found in a subfossil condition. Their intake may be considered a byproduct of infaunal mining, while larger molluscs were mainly found crushed into smaller fragments. Through such foraging behaviour loggerheads actively rework sediments, increase the surface area of shells and the rate of shells disintegration, acting as bioturbators in this system. We conservatively estimate that loggerheads in the neritic zone of the Adriatic Sea bioturbate about 33 tonnes of mollusc shells per year, and hypothesize about the possible effects of bioturbation reduction on environmental changes in the Northern Adriatic ecosystem.
How Australian nephrologists view home dialysis: Results of a national survey
Authors: LUDLOW MARIE J , GEORGE CHARLES RP , HAWLEY CARMEL M , MATHEW TIMOTHY H , AGAR JOHN WM , KERR PETER G , LAUDER LYDIA A 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Australia's commitment to home dialysis therapies has been significant. However, there is marked regional variation in the uptake of home haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) suggesting further scope for the expansion of these modalities.Methods:  Between 1 April and 5 August 2009, Australian nephrologists were invited to complete an online survey. Seventy‐six questions were asked covering characteristics of the dialysis units, responders' experience, adequacy of facilities and support structures, attitudes to the use of home HD and PD and issues impeding the increased uptake of home dialysis.Results:  Completed surveys were received and analysed from 71 respondents; 27 from Heads of Units (35% response rate) and 44 (16%) from other nephrologists. There was strong agreement that HD with long hours was advantageous and that this was most easily accomplished in the home. PD was not considered to be an inferior therapy. A ‘PD first’ policy existed in 34% of Renal Units. The most commonly reported impediments to expanding home dialysis services were financial disadvantage for home HD patients, and lack of physical infrastructure for training, support and education. Areas of concern for expanding home dialysis programmes included psychiatry support, access to respite care and home visits, and lack of support from medical administration and government. The majority of nephrologists would recommend home dialysis to more patients if these impediments could be overcome.Conclusion:  This survey identified support from nephrologists for the expansion of home dialysis in Australia and highlighted important barriers to improving access to these therapies.
An exploratory, randomized controlled trial of adherence therapy for people with schizophrenia
Authors: Anderson Kathryn H. , Ford Stephanie , Robson Deborah , Cassis Jimmy , Rodrigues Cristina , Gray Richard 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPoor adherence limits the effectiveness of antipsychotic treatment in people with psychosis. The aim of the pragmatic, exploratory, single‐masked trial conducted in the USA was to explore the efficacy, acceptability, and satisfaction with adherence therapy (AT) in a sample of people with schizophrenia. Twenty‐six patients (12 experimental and 14 controls) were randomly allocated to receive eight weekly sessions of AT or continue with their treatment as usual (TAU). Patients were assessed at baseline and follow up (after therapy completion). The primary outcome was psychiatric symptoms, assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The secondary outcome, medication adherence, was measured by The Personal Evaluation of Transitions in Treatment. Patients receiving AT did not significantly improve in overall psychiatric symptomatology (change in PANSS total scores: AT: −10.2, TAU: −8.6; mean difference, −1.6; P = ns) or with medication adherence (AT: −2.8, TAU 1.5; P = ns) compared with the TAU group at follow up. Using the Adherence Therapy Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, a high degree of satisfaction with AT was reported. Although AT did not result in a statistically‐significant improvement in symptoms or medication adherence, evidence of active clinical engagement in treatment occurred.
Impact of Partnership in Coping in mental health recovery: An experimental study at the Federal Neuro‐Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna
Authors: Gandi Joshua C. , Wai Paul S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAlmost everyone, at some point in life, experiences emotional and behavioural problems or psychiatric symptoms, but mental health services reflect only an orthodox medical model which emphasizes cure to the detriment of humanistic focus. Partnership in Coping is an emerging concept, based on recovery alliance theory, which emphasizes partnership to overcome such problems and symptoms. It is a collaboratively‐integrated system that provides opportunity for own problem solving, while one's coping strategies are being empowered. This study was designed to ascertain how Partnership in Coping impacts mental health recovery. It paves the way for remedying problems inherent in the orthodox medical model approach which provide pathological perspective to the detriment of humanistic focus. The participants were 56 service users at the Federal Neuro‐Psychiatric Hospital, Kaduna. The Professional Quality of Life Scale helped in selecting research assistants, while the Mental Health Recovery Measure was used in assessing the post‐treatment behaviour of participants. The experimental group had Partnership in Coping during a 3‐month clinical intervention period, while the control group only had medical treatment. The finding revealed that F (1, 56) = 2268.750, P < 001. Thus, partnership enhances complete recovery from mental illness. This reality changes perception and frees people from stigmatization and hopelessness, thereby influencing service systems.
An exploratory study of resilience and job satisfaction among psychiatric nurses working in inpatient units
Authors: Matos Patricia S. , Neushotz Lori A. , Griffin Mary T. Quinn , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe present exploratory study was designed to examine the relationship between resilience and job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses working in inpatient units in a large, urban medical centre. The long range goal was to understand the dimensions of job satisfaction in this inpatient environment in order to implement nurse retention programmes specifically targeted toward teaching nurses skills in developing resilience. The nurses (n = 32) reported a high level of resilience and high job satisfaction. The job satisfaction subscale of professional status had the highest mean rating among these nurses, and the physician–nurse interaction subscale had the lowest mean score. Implications for future practice and research are addressed.
Swedish registered psychiatric nurses' descriptions of presence when caring for women with post‐partum psychosis: An interview study
Authors: Engqvist Inger , Ferszt Ginete , Nilsson Kerstin 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe concept of nursing presence has been widely used in nursing and is a significant component of nursing practice. In order to increase our understanding of nursing presence, it needs to be studied in different contexts. In this study, a secondary analysis of interviews with 10 registered psychiatric nurses (RPN) in Sweden was conducted to explore nurses' descriptions of presence when caring for women with post‐partum psychosis (PPP). Based on the research question: ‘How do RPN describe nursing presence in the context of caring for women with PPP?’ content analysis was used to analyze the data. Three categories emerged: the use of presence to protect, the use of presence to facilitate recovery, and the use of presence for learning. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing nursing presence as a strategy to improve psychiatric nursing for the benefit of the woman and her child, and as an important part of psychiatric nursing when providing compassionate and effective nursing care to this population.
Functional tooth number and 15‐year mortality in a cohort of community‐residing older people
Authors: Fukai Kakuhiro , Takiguchi Toru , Ando Yuichi , Aoyama Hitoshi , Miyakawa Youko , Ito Gakuji , Inoue Masakazu , Sasaki Hidetada 
Published: September 2010

Background:  To study how dental status can become a predictor of overall mortality risk.Methods:  Community residents (n = 5730) over 40 years old in the Miyako Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan were followed up for 15 years, 1987–2002. Functional tooth numbers were examined by dentists and overall mortalities of subjects with functional tooth numbers of <10 and ≥10 were compared in the age groups 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and 80 years or more in both males and females.Results:  Groups of 80 years or more showed a significantly higher rate of overall mortality in subjects with functional tooth numbers of less than 10 than 10 or more, and there was no significant difference in the other age groups.Conclusion:  The present study suggests that systemic attention to dental status should be recommended in older males.
Dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate concentration in men from a Japanese longevity district
Authors: Matsumoto Masami , Ishizuka Tatsuo , Kajita Kazuo , Sugiyama Chiyo , Morita Hiroyuki , Uno Yoshihiro , Ikeda Takahide , Mori Ichiro , Matsubara Kenji , Takeda Noriyuki , Yamakita Noriyoshi , Yasuda Keigo 
Published: September 2010

Background:  To clarify the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the association of DHEA with longevity in male adults in Japan, we measured DHEA‐sulfate (DHEA‐S) concentration in male adults from a Japanese longevity district.Methods:  We measured serum DHEA‐S concentration, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐h plasma glucose after 75 g oral glucose loading (2hrPG), fasting insulin (FIRI) and HbA1c, adiponectin of 34 male adults in Kokufu‐cho, one of the highest longevity districts (mean lifespan in males, 80.4 years) and those of 559 male adults in Kasamatsu‐cho (mean lifespan, 77.6 years) as control.Results:  There was a significant difference of mean age between Kokufu‐cho (72 ± 7 years) and Kasamatsu‐cho (51 ± 8 years) (P < 0.0001). FIRI levels in Kasamatsu‐cho (7.4 ± 3.3 μU/mL) were significantly higher than in Kokufu‐cho (5.3 ± 4.0 μU/mL) (P < 0.005). The quantative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was significantly higher and homeostasis model assessment was significantly lower in Kokufu‐cho than those in Kasamatsu‐cho (P < 0.001). Serum DHEA‐S concentrations of male adults in Kokufu‐cho, a longevity district of Japan, were significantly higher than in Kasamatsu‐cho as control, if adjusted for age, body mass index and blood glucose (P < 0.0001). Negative correlation of DHEA‐S with age was expectedly found (P < 0.0001) in a total of 593 male adults. Sixteen male adults in Kasamatsu‐cho and 22 male adults in Kokufu‐cho aged 68–73 years were selected. DHEA‐S concentrations of male adults in Kokufu‐cho were significantly higher than in Kasamatsu‐cho, if adjusted for body mass index, body fat composition, blood pressure, lipids values, FIRI and FPG (P < 0.036).Conclusion:  DHEA may contribute to longevity in elderly men.
Daily living functions of the elderly requiring home visits: A study at a comprehensive assessment clinic for the elderly
Authors: Yamanaka Takashi , Takasugi Emiko , Hotta Norihiro , Kubo Yutaka , Otsuka Kuniaki 
Published: September 2010

Background:  To elucidate the characteristics of daily living functions of the elderly requiring home visits.Methods:  Fifty‐two elderly individuals (17 men and 35 women; age range, 72–95 years; average age, 82.2 ± 5.4 years) who visited a clinic for the elderly underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Activities of daily living were assessed using the Barthel Index and Lawton Scale. Cognitive function was assessed using the clock‐drawing test (modified Shulman method), Mini‐Mental State Examination, and the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale. Depression was assessed using the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale. Volition was assessed using the Vitality Index. The 52 participants were divided into two groups: 41 who continued clinic visits after assessment (clinic group: 15 men and 26 women; age range, 72–95 years; average age, 81.5 ± 5.4 years), and 11 who required home visits (visit group: two men and nine women; age range, 75–91 years; average age, 84.7 ± 4.5 years). Various daily living functions were compared between the two groups.Results:  Barthel Index, Lawton Scale, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and Vitality Index scores were significantly lower in the home group. Moreover, Vitality Index score was low at the start of home visits.Conclusions:  It is difficult for the elderly with cognitive and physical disorders to make periodical visits to medical institutions and they eventually require home visits. For effective prevention of dependence on nursing care, fragile elderly persons themselves must understand and actively participate in interventions, emphasizing the underlying difficulties associated with such interventions.