bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suspension laryngoscopy‐assisted percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in high‐risk patients
Authors: White Hilliary N. , Sharp Dawn B. , Castellanos Paul F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the outcomes of bedside percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) extended to the care of high‐risk patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) by the use of suspension laryngoscopy (SL) to secure the airway.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:The records of 117 consecutive patients who underwent suspension laryngoscopy‐assisted percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (SL‐PDT) between April 2006 and May 2009 at our institution were reviewed. Data gathered included patient demographics, anatomical conditions, ventilator settings, intraoperative findings, presence of coagulopathy or anti‐coagulation, and outcomes.Results:One hundred seventeen patients underwent SL‐PDT. Eighty (68%) were considered high risk by virtue of one or more of the following: morbid obesity, coagulopathy, prior neck surgery or head and neck trauma, laryngotracheal stenosis or tracheomalacia, a high‐riding innominate artery, or high ventilator demands. Thirty‐five patients (30%) had two or more of these risk factors. A total of 11 (13.7 %) complications occurred in the high‐risk group. Two major and nine minor complications occurred during the study. There were no adverse sequelae.Conclusions:SL‐PDT is a safe and effective means of bedside airway management in critically ill patients. This new technique offers several advantages over traditional percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (T‐PDT) and can be safely employed by otolaryngologists, especially in high‐risk patients. This is most useful when T‐PDT is considered untenable or when transport to the operating room for a standard open tracheostomy is considered too cumbersome or potentially dangerous. Laryngoscope, 2010
Growth and nutrition ofHolcus lanatusin bauxite residue amended with combinations of spent mushroom compost and gypsum
Authors: Courtney R. , Harrington T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBauxite residues are very slow to naturally vegetate due to nutrient deficiency and high sodicity. In order to test the effectiveness of amendments at promoting revegetation, bauxite residue was amended with varying rates of compost to increase fertility (0, 60, 80 and 120 t ha−1) and gypsum to reduce sodicity (0, 40 and 90 t ha−1). Amended residue was sown withHolcus lanatus, a perennial grass. Following a 1‐year growth period, substrate properties, plant performance and plant nutrient uptake were assessed. Compost application substantially increased substrate N, P, K and Mn concentrations, while gypsum application greatly reduced sodicity and improved nutrient uptake for Mn and P. Compost amendment was essential for sustainable plant growth. Foliar deficiencies in N, P and Mg may persist with lower compost application rates, requiring the addition of supplemental fertiliser for healthy plant growth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional MRI‐compatible laparoscopic surgery training simulator
Authors: Bahrami Parisa , Schweizer Tom A. , Tam Fred , Grantcharov Teodor P. , Cusimano Michael D. , Graham Simon J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDuring the past few years, laparoscopy has become the gold standard for some surgical procedures and its applications continue to expand. Because of multiple factors such as loss of tactile perception, two‐dimensional visualization of the three‐dimensional surgical field, and demanding bimanual hand–eye coordination, special training is required to achieve proficiency with laparoscopy. In this study, as the first step toward evidence‐based development of strategies to improve the quality of laparoscopy training from brain activity and behavior relationships, a laparoscopy training simulator was developed for use in functional MRI. Experiments confirmed the functional MRI compatibility of the device. Representative behavioral and functional MRI results for two subjects showed the feasibility of using this simulator to investigate the brain activation associated with components of laparoscopic task performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study that directly looks at the functional MRI brain activation during complex surgical training tasks. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joint design of spoke trajectories and RF pulses for parallel excitation
Authors: Ma Chao , Xu Dan , King Kevin F. , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe spoke trajectory is often used in designing multidimensional RF pulses for applications requiring thin slice selection and in‐slice modulation. Ideally, a full set of spokes covering the whole k‐space are desired to generate a given excitation pattern. In practice, however, only a small number of spokes can be used due to the RF pulse length limitation. The spoke locations are, therefore, critical to the performance of the resulting RF pulse and should be in principle optimized jointly with the RF pulse for a given excitation pattern and transmit sensitivities. In this work, we formulate the joint design problem as an optimal spoke selection problem based on the small‐tip‐angle RF pulse design. A sequential selection based algorithm with recursive cost function evaluation is proposed to seek optimized spoke locations to minimize the excitation error. Bloch equation simulations and experimental results on a 3 Tesla scanner equipped with a two‐channel parallel excitation system demonstrate that the proposed method can produce significantly smaller excitation error than conventional methods with high computational efficiency. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of compaction parameters of fine‐grained soils in terms of compaction energy using artificial neural networks
Authors: Sivrikaya Osman , Soycan Taner Y. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe determination of the compaction parameters such as optimum water content (wopt) and maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) requires great efforts by applying the compaction testing procedure which is also time consuming and needs significant amount of work. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to use the indirect methods for estimating the compaction parameters. In recent years, the artificial neural network (ANN) modelling has gained an increasing interest and is also acquiring more popularity in geotechnical engineering applications. This study deals with the estimation of the compaction parameters for fine‐grained soils based on compaction energy using ANN with the feed‐forward back‐propagation algorithm. In this study, the data including the results of the consistency tests, standard and modified Proctor tests, are collected from the literature and used in the analyses. The optimum structure of a network is determined for each ANN models. The analyses showed that the ANN models give quite reliable estimations in comparison with regression methods, thus they can be used as a reliable tool for the prediction of wopt and γdmax. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of acute increase in urge to void on cognitive function in healthy adults
Authors: Lewis M.S. , Snyder P.J. , Pietrzak R.H. , Darby D. , Feldman R.A. , Maruff P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAimsIn healthy adults, voluntary inhibition of micturition is associated with an increasing sensation in the urge to void and pain, and acute pain has been associated with transient deterioration in aspects of cognitive function.MethodsEight healthy young adults consumed 250 ml of water every 15 min until they could no longer inhibit voiding. Performance on standardized measures of cognitive function was measured at hourly intervals which were classified as baseline, when individuals reported an increase in the urge to void, a strong increase in the urge to void, an extreme increase in the urge to void and postmicturition.ResultsSensations of the urge to void and pain increased with time of inhibition of urge to void and with amount of water consumed. Having an extreme urge to void exerted a large negative effect on attentional and working memory functions (d > 0.8). These cognitive functions returned to normal levels after micturition.ConclusionThe magnitude of decline in cognitive function associated with an extreme urge to void was as large and equivalent or greater than the cognitive deterioration observed for conditions known to be associated with increased accident risk. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:183–187, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The death and burial of sunghir 1
Authors: Trinkaus E. , Buzhilova A. P. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe Mid Upper Paleolithic Sunghir 1 burial of an older adult male is one of the most elaborate burials known, with red ochre, thousands of mammoth ivory beads, and other body ornaments. Reanalysis and cleaning of the skeletal remains revealed a perimortem incision in the ventral–lateral first thoracic vertebra (T1) body, most likely from a sharp blade or point and the probable cause of death. Context indicates that the trauma was most likely from a hunting accident or social altercation. The unusual cause of death may be correlated with the exceptional burial elaboration of Sunghir 1, adding to the high frequency of unusual individuals in the ‘red ochre’ burials of the Mid Upper Paleolithic. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralization as a conflict transformation tool: The challenge in Kosovo
Authors: Gjoni Roland , Wetterberg Anna , Dunbar David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPerspectives are divided on whether decentralization can ease ethnic conflict. This article considers whether asymmetric decentralization reforms in Kosovo have reduced tensions between Kosovo Albanians (K‐Albanians) and Serbs (K‐Serbs). We argue that because decentralization has been linked to Kosovo's sovereignty in the years after the NATO bombings, during the final status talks, and after independence, it has not achieved intended outcomes throughout the territory of Kosovo. Instead of assuaging tensions and generating allegiance to the central government, decentralization has re‐inforced ethnic divisions and strengthened K‐Serb ties to Serbia, particularly in northern Kosovo. Concessions to majority Serb municipalities in Kosovo have been seen by K‐Serbs as a bribe to buy acceptance of independence, while K‐Albanians question their leaders' continued policy of asymmetric decentralization. Since independence, there have been some encouraging developments in southern municipalities, where K‐Serbs have participated in municipal elections organized by Pristina. Based on Kosovo's experience, we argue that policy‐makers must consider the impact of decentralization reforms at multiple levels of conflict. Further, although we find that decentralization may engage minorities in political processes if reforms are attempted after the establishment of a central government, we caution that it must be combined with policies to encourage interaction and dialogue between ethnic groups if it is to assuage conflict. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptomatic child heterozygous for hemoglobin S and hemoglobin Pôrto Alegre
Authors: Lojo Liliana , Santiago‐Borrero Pedro , Rivera Enid , Renta Jessicca , Cadilla Carmen L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHemoglobin Pôrto Alegre (PA) is a rare hemoglobin resulting from a mutation in β9(A6)Ser → Cys. We describe an asymptomatic Puerto Rican female with combined heterozygosity for Hb PA and Hb S. Since birth, she has maintained normal hemoglobin, bilirubin, LDH levels, and reticulocyte count. Peripheral smear evaluation has revealed normal erythrocyte morphology with no changes suggestive of hemolysis. We conclude that the presence of Hb PA does not increase the risk of red blood cell sickling in patients who carry the Hb S mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:458–459. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subclinical cardiac dysfunction and exercise performance in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: De Caro Enrico , Smeraldi Attilio , Trocchio Gianluca , Calevo MariaGrazia , Hanau Guia , Pongiglione Giacomo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough anthracycline cardiotoxicity is clearly related to the cumulative dose administered, subclinical cardiac dysfunction has been reported across a wide range of treatment regimens, and its clinical significance is still unclear. Purpose of this study is to investigate by exercise echocardiography for subclinical cardiac dysfunction in survivors of pediatric cancer treated with low‐moderate anthracycline doses, and to evaluate whether it may alter the response of the cardiovascular system to dynamic exercise.ProcedurePost‐exercise left ventricular end‐systolic wall stress (ESS), left ventricular posterior wall dimension and percent thickening at end systole, and cardiopulmonary exercise test‐derived indexes of cardiac function were examined in 55 apparently healthy patients (mean age 13.5 ± 2.9 years, median anthracycline cumulative dose 240 mg/m2) and in 63 controls.ResultsSubclinical cardiac dysfunction was identified in 17 patients (30%) presenting reduced left ventricular posterior wall dimension or percent thickening, or increased values of left ventricular ESS as compared to controls (group A), while the remaining patients formed group B. Reduced oxygen consumption at peak exercise in both groups of patients was the only cardiopulmonary exercise test variable resulting significantly different between patients and controls: no differences were found among the groups of patients.ConclusionsOur results confirm that even patients treated with a median anthracycline dose of 240 mg/m2 (range 100–490) are at considerable risk of exhibiting subclinical cardiac dysfunction that, however, does not seem to alter the physiologic response of the cardiovascular system to dynamic exercise. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:122–126. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment and survival patterns for germ cell tumors among 13‐ to 24‐year olds in Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Feltbower Richard G. , Siller Catherine , Woodward Emma , McKinney Patricia A. , Picton Susan V. , Joffe Jonathan , Stark Daniel P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundTeenage and young adult (TYA) patient care can fall into gaps between adult and children's services. Increasingly UK TYA multi‐disciplinary teams manage germ cell tumors (GCT) in locally agreed collaborations and age ranges. Patterns of care are changing rapidly. However, between disciplines protocols define different assessment and management in GCT. We aimed to document changes in incidence, treatment, and survival since 1990, to record the baseline to which future trends can be compared.ProcedureDetails were extracted from the UK population‐based Yorkshire Specialist Cancer Register on 237 TYA aged 13–24 years diagnosed with a GCT between 1990 and 2004, followed‐up until 2009. Incidence and survival patterns were assessed using Poisson and Cox regression.ResultsTesticular (n = 190; 80%) and ovarian (n = 22; 9%) GCT were the most common malignancies, and 90% of GCT occurred aged 17–24 years. The overall incidence rate was 26.9 per million person years. Rates increased significantly by 4.0% (95% CI: 1.0–7.1%) per year on average. The most common treatment modality was surgery combined with chemotherapy (49%). Initial treatment changed significantly over time (P = 0.003) and by age (P = 0.005). There were significant differences in the management of stage 1 testicular tumors by age. Among 13‐ to 16‐year olds, 56% were treated exclusively in adult departments. Five‐year survival rates were 93–95% for gonadal GCT, and 70–75% for other sites. Survival did not differ by age (P = 0.65) or period (P = 0.41).ConclusionsThe age‐related differences observed in the approach to GCT treatment suggest a collaborative approach to the models of care among TYA is required. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:282–288. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel nonsense mutation in the MPL gene in congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Chung Hae‐Sun , Koh Kyung Nam , Kim Hee‐Jung , Kim Hee‐Jin , Lee Ki‐O , Park Chan‐Jeoung , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Kim Sun‐Hee , Seo Jong‐Jin , Im Ho Joon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCongenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia from failure of megakaryopoiesis. CAMT is one of the bone marrow failure syndromes, and the disease progression may involve other lineages leading to pancytopenia. The genetic background of CAMT is mutations in the MPL gene encoding the thrombopoietin receptor. Here, we describe a Korean male with CAMT. Molecular genetic analyses by direct sequencing revealed that he was compound heterozygous for two nonsense mutations in MPL, Tyr63X (c.189C>A), and Arg357X (c.1069C>T), the latter being a novel mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:??–??. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone mineral density in newly diagnosed children with neuroblastoma
Authors: Al‐Tonbary Youssef A. , El‐Ziny Magdy A. , Elsharkawy Ashraf A. , El‐Hawary Amany K. , El‐Ashry Rasha , Fouda Ashraf E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is the second most common extracranial malignant tumor of childhood and the most common solid tumor of infancy which is characterized by bone metastasis. Previous reports on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with leukemia and solid malignancies concentrate on long‐term survivors and on the effect of chemotherapeutic agents and irradiation. Also, evaluation of BMD in neuroblastoma was reported in few studies which were conducted upon adult survivors of childhood cancer. Previous studies on both acute leukemia and lymphoma patients suggested that the disease process itself played a role in decrease BMD.MethodsWe evaluated 27 patients with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma for both lumbar (L2–L4) BMD and total BMD using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometery (DXA) scan to highlight the effect of neuroblastoma as a disease process on BMD as this disease characterized by bone metastasis.ResultsThree out of the 27 patients showed low bone mass in both lumbar and total BMD studies.ConclusionLow bone mass may occur in early disease process of neuroblastoma and it is important to consider BMD assessment during the early course of the disease as well as the long‐term survivors as a part of the patient screening in suspected cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:202–205. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the fatigue defect population in an elastomer using X‐ray computed micro‐tomography
Authors: Le Saux Vincent , Marco Yann , Calloch Sylvain , Charrier Pierre 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs elastomeric materials are heterogeneous by nature, their fatigue behavior is strongly driven by the initiation and the growth of cavities. In this study, X‐ray micro‐tomography is used to describe the fatigue mechanisms at a microscale. This non destructive method has already been widely applied to elastomeric materials to control the fillers size and dispersion or to analyze the cavitation induced under high hydrostatic pressure fatigue loading, for example. Here, this technique is used with a good resolution to analyze the evolution of the defects population during a fatigue campaign on hourglass shaped axisymmetric specimens. The initiation and propagation mechanisms are clearly shown on 3D observations, and the influences of the maximum principal strain and of the number of cycles on several parameters (size repartition, porosity, and defect volumic density) are investigated. A scenario for the fatigue damage evolution is proposed and some fatigue initiation criteria are finally discussed, using the results obtained at the microscopic scale. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Calixarene‐centered amphiphilic A2B2 miktoarm star copolymers based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol): Synthesis and self‐assembly behaviors in water
Authors: Gou Peng‐Fei , Zhu Wei‐Pu , Shen Zhi‐Quan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel calixarene‐centered amphiphilic A2B2 miktoarm star copolymers composed of two PCL arms and two PEG arms with calix[4]arene as core moiety were synthesized by the combination of CROP and “click” chemistry. First, a heterotetrafunctional calix[4]arene derivative with two hydroxyl groups and two alkyne groups was designed as a macroinitiator to prepare calixarene‐centered PCL homopolymers (C4‐PCL) by CROP in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst at 110 °C. Next, azide‐terminated PEG (A‐PEG) was synthesized by tandem treating methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)s (mPEG) with 4‐chlorobutyryl chloride and NaN3. Finally, copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between C4‐PCL and A‐PEG led to A2B2 miktoarm star copolymer [C4S(PCL)2‐(PEG)2]. 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and SEC analyses confirmed the well‐defined miktoarm star architecture. These amphiphilic miktoarm star copolymers could self‐assemble into multimorphological aggregates in water. The calix[4]arene moieties with a cavity <1 nm on the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface of these aggregates may provide potential opportunities to entrap guest molecules for special applications in supermolecular science. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Burning Characteristics and Sensitivity Characteristics of Some Guanidinium 1,5′‐bis‐1H‐Tetrazolate/Metal Oxide Mixtures as Candidate Gas Generating Agent
Authors: Date Shingo , Sugiyama Takumi , Itadzu Norikazu , Nishi Shizuka 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBurning characteristics and sensitivity characteristics of some stoichiometric ratio guanidinium 1,5′‐bis‐1H‐tetrazolate (G15B)/metal oxide mixtures were examined. The linear burning rates of the G15B/CuO mixture were higher compared to other G15B/metal oxide mixtures and 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole(5‐ATZ)/Sr(NO3)2 mixture, although the average rate of pressure rise during the closed vessel test was lower compared to 5‐ATZ/Sr(NO3)2 mixture. The temperature rise for both G15B/CuO and G15B/MnO2 mixtures was considerably lower than that of 5‐ATZ/Sr(NO3)2 mixture. G15B/Fe2O3 mixture was the most insensitive among G15B/metal oxide mixtures during the drop hammer test, while G15B/CuO mixture was the second most insensitive. All G15B/metal oxide mixtures were insensitive against friction and electric spark discharge (ESD). Four seconds ignition temperature for G15B/CuO mixture was over 100 K lower than that of 5‐ATZ/Sr(NO3)2 mixture, but the apparent activation energy for ignition was higher. Among the G15B/metal oxide mixtures studied, G15B/CuO mixture showed the fastest burning rate, while it showed a relatively low temperature rise and low sensitivity. G15B/ZnO did not burn at all.