bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation Control: A Multifaceted Regulator of Inflammatory Response
Authors: Mazumder Barsanjit , Li Xiaoxia , Barik Sailen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A robust innate immune response is essential to the protection of all vertebrates from infection, but it often comes with the price tag of acute inflammation. If unchecked, a runaway inflammatory response can cause significant tissue damage, resulting in myriad disorders, such as dermatitis, toxic shock, cardiovascular disease, acute pelvic and arthritic inflammatory diseases, and various infections. To prevent such pathologies, cells have evolved mechanisms to rapidly and specifically shut off these beneficial inflammatory activities before they become detrimental. Our review of recent literature, including our own work, reveals that the most dominant and common mechanism is translational silencing, in which specific regulatory proteins or complexes are recruited to cis-acting RNA structures in the untranslated regions of single or multiple mRNAs that code for the inflammatory protein(s). Enhancement of the silencing function may constitute a novel pharmacological approach to prevent immunity-related inflammation.
Elements of Algebraic Geometry and the Positive Theory of Partially Commutative Groups
Authors: Casals-Ruiz Montserrat , Kazachkov Ilya V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe first main result of the paper is a criterion for a partially commutative group 𝔾 to be a domain. It allows us to reduce the study of algebraic sets over 𝔾 to the study of irreducible algebraic sets, and reduce the elementary theory of 𝔾 (of a coordinate group over 𝔾) to the elementary theories of the direct factors of 𝔾 (to the elementary theory of coordinate groups of irreducible algebraic sets).Then we establish normal forms for quantifier-free formulas over a non-abelian directly indecomposable partially commutative group ℍ. Analogously to the case of free groups, we introduce the notion of a generalised equation and prove that the positive theory of ℍ has quantifier elimination and that arbitrary first-order formulas lift from ℍ to ℍ * F, where F is a free group of finite rank. As a consequence, the positive theory of an arbitrary partially commutative group is decidable.
On Locally Uniformly Rotund Renormings in C(K) Spaces
Authors: Martínez J. F. , Moltó A. , Orihuela J. , Troyanski S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA characterization of the Banach spaces of type C(K) that admit an equivalent locally uniformly rotund norm is obtained, and a method to apply it to concrete spaces is developed. As an application the existence of such renorming is deduced when K is a Namioka–Phelps compact or for some particular class of Rosenthal compacta, results which were originally proved with ad hoc methods.
„Gleichwertigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse” und Wirkungskräfte der Raumstrukturierung
Authors: Brake Klaus 
Published: March 2010

Systematic changes in spatial structuring are eroding the habitual relationship between the place-based economy and low mobility. Sparsely settled areas with a new quality in the enlarged area of the Federal Republic of Germany and patterns of depopulation in the course of demographic change as well as an affinity to the urbanity of the knowledge economy are reinforcing unequal spatial development. This puts the traditional treatment of areas with low dynamics or sparse settlement massively into question and calls for a re-examination of expectations of justice.
A re-interpretation of “equivalent living conditions” must allow a treatment of more strongly differentiated conditions, which promises sustainable functioning spatial structures. The promise of appropriate working and living conditions for everyone where he is growing up must be substituted by his enablement to lead a life in keeping with the times, possibly elsewhere (equality of chances). For a participation in working life adapted activities must also promoted in areas with low dynamics or sparse settlement.
Instead of redistribution a self-responsible enablement is more strongly emphasised, but not as a relinquishment of common development and responsibility. Challenges and tasks (basic conditions/approaches) aim at an “infrastructure of enablement”, as far as feasible spatial roles, comprehensive communication, orientation (education) and co-operation are concerned.
The article advocates a reality-oriented and insofar future-oriented treatment of unequal living conditions instead of normative invocations. In view of a fundamentally more strongly segregating spatial structure, the tendentially uninhabited areas should remain less a taboo than be an incitement for new differentiation-, co-operation- or cohesion concepts, in order to meet also the fiction of “catching up in development” or factual “passive redevelopment”.
Fat‐Soluble Bioactives, Fatty Acid Profile and Radical Scavenging Activity of Semecarpus anacardium Seed Oil
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Kinni S. G. , Seshagiri M. , Mörsel Jörg‐Thomas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSemecarpus anacardium (family Anacardiaceae) has many applications in the Ayurvedic and Siddha systems of medicine in India. Detailed knowledge on the composition of S. anacardium oil, in consideration of potential utilization, is of major importance. In this investigation, column chromatography, gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography techniques were performed to analyze lipid classes, fatty acids and fat‐soluble bioactives of S. anacardium crude seed oil. The amount of neutral lipids in the crude seed oil was the highest, followed by glycolipids and phospholipids, respectively. Linoleic followed by palmitic and oleic were the major fatty acids. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was higher in neutral lipid classes than in the polar lipids. The main sterol compounds were β‐sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. δ‐Tocopherol followed by β‐tocopherol were the main tocopherols. When S. anacardium seed oil and extra virgin olive oil were compared for their radical scavenging activity toward 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical and galvinoxyl radical (by electron spin resonance spectrometry), S. anacardium seed oil exhibited a stronger RSA.
Global Upper Ordovician correlation by means of δ13C chemostratigraphy: implications of the discovery of the Guttenberg δ13C excursion (GICE) in Malaysia
Authors: BERGSTRÖM STIG M. , AGEMATSU SACHIKO , SCHMITZ BIRGER 
Published: March 2010

AbstractApart from a single study of the early Katian δ13C chemostratigraphy in two regions in China, no investigations of the Sandbian and Katian chemostratigraphy have been published from anywhere in Asia. A recent study of the conodont biostratigraphy of the classical Ordovician succession on Langkawi Islands, peninsular Malaysia, showed the presence there of strata coeval with those having the Guttenberg Carbon Excursion (GICE) on the Yangtze Platform. In an effort to establish for the first time the presence of this widespread δ13C excursion in southern Asia, a series of samples from the upper part of the Kaki Bukit Formation was isotopically analysed. This resulted in the discovery of a conspicuous δ13C excursion with peak values of ~ 2 ‰ above the baseline values. The excursion is located just above theBaltoniodus alobatusSubzone and near the level of the first appearance ofHamarodus europaeus, hence the same stratigraphic position as the GICE on the Yangtze Platform. Using the GICE, the Malaysian study interval is closely correlated with the GICE intervals at three localities representing an approximately 23 000 km long transect from Malaysia across Baltoscandia to central North America. This shows the usefulness of δ13C chemostratigraphy to clarify previously obscure stratigraphic relationships between geographically very widely separated localities.
Heart rate and blood pressure effects during caloric vestibular testing
Authors: Kasbekar A V , Baguley D M , Knight R , Gomersall P , Parker R , Lloyd S W K , Butler K , Dutka D P 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:To determine whether the caloric vestibular test causes significant changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure.Materials and methods:Changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure before and after caloric irrigation were compared with the degree of nystagmus (as measured by maximum slow phase velocity) and the patient's subjective dizziness (scored from 0 to 10). A cardiologist reviewed each patient's heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure changes. Patients' anxiety levels were also assessed.Results:Eighteen patients were recruited. There were no adverse events in any patient. There were no overall significant differences between the heart rate and mean arterial pressure before and after each irrigation. There was a significant correlation between the maximum slow phase velocity and patients' subjective dizziness scores.Conclusion:Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure are not significantly influenced by the caloric vestibular test. This preliminary study will enable patients with stable cardiovascular disease to be recruited for further risk determination.
Techniques for early diagnosis and management of cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis
Authors: Lee J W , Immerman S B , Morris L G T 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:Cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis carries high rates of morbidity and mortality, and is not often initially suspected due to its rarity and misleadingly innocuous presentation. We propose an algorithm for the timely diagnosis and management of cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis.Methods:Retrospective review of seven patients ultimately diagnosed with cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis.Results:In these seven patients, common presenting symptoms included sore throat, fever and neck pain. On initial examination and imaging, only three had obvious findings. One patient's diagnosis was facilitated via a bedside cut-down procedure. Six patients underwent surgical debridement. Four required tracheotomy, and five wounds closed via secondary intention. There were two deaths.Conclusion:The severity of cervical necrotising fasciitis and its rapid spread necessitate early diagnosis and timely surgical management. The presentation often appears benign. A high index of clinical suspicion should be maintained in cases of neck cellulitis with nonspecific clinical findings, especially in diabetic or otherwise immunocompromised patients. A normal computed tomography scan does not rule out necrotising fasciitis. A cut-down procedure may be critical to early diagnosis in some cases.
The Soccer-Fun project
Authors: ACHTEN PETER 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the Soccer-Fun, students program the brains of football players in a functional language. Soccer-Fun has been developed for an introductory course in functional programming at the Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. We have used Soccer-Fun in teaching during the past four years. We have also experience in using Soccer-Fun for pupils in secondary education. Soccer-Fun is stimulating because it is about a well-known problem domain. It engages students to problem solving with functional programming because it allows them to compete at several disciplines: the best performing football team becomes the champion of a tournament; the best written code is awarded with a prize; students are judged on the algorithms used. This enables every student to participate and perform at her favorite skill. Soccer-Fun is implemented in Clean and uses its GUI toolkit Object I/O for rendering. It can be implemented in any functional programming language that supports some kind of windowing toolkit.
Historical and current distribution, population size and possible migration routes of the Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea in Africa
Authors: EVANS STEVEN W. , BOUWMAN H. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, its population size previously estimated at fewer than 1,500 pairs, and is classified as Vulnerable. A better understanding of its current distributional range, population size, protection status and migration routes would improve our ability to conserve the species and the grassland and wetland habitat on which it depends. We now estimate that the Blue Swallow population in the 1850s may have numbered between 1,560 and 2,300 pairs. Based on an assessment of available data, we now estimate the total current Blue Swallow population at 1,006 pairs or 2,012 individuals, an estimated 36–56% decline over the last 150 years. There may be three separate Blue Swallow sub-populations and seven separate migratory routes between their breeding and non-breeding grounds. The Blue Swallow’s range in South Africa and Swaziland has contracted by 74%. The majority of Blue Swallows occupy unprotected areas on their non-breeding grounds in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya. The Blue Swallow population in Africa will continue to decline unless the causes of reduction in Blue Swallow habitat quantity and quality can be stopped and sufficient and additional habitat set aside to sustain viable Blue Swallow populations throughout their range.
Population viability analysis and conservation of Chinese Grouse Bonasa sewerzowi in Lianhuashan Nature Reserve, north-west China
Authors: LU NAN , SUN YUE-HUA 
Published: March 2010

SummaryChinese Grouse Bonasa sewerzowi is threatened by human activity, especially during the breeding season, in the Lianhuashan Mountains, Gansu Province, north-western China. We conducted a series of simulations on the viability of this population using the computer program VORTEX. The simulations suggested that the population had an extinction probability of 17% in 100 years using data gathered from current field work. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the predicted population trend was most sensitive to chick mortality, offspring per female per year, and adult male mortality. The first two parameters are correlated with human activity such as nest loss due to egg collecting by local people. When we set initial population size to the same size as carrying capacity, 2,500 individuals would constitute a minimum viable population (MVP). This would require a forest area of about 3,780 ha, which is smaller than the size of the Lianhuashan reserve, but the current population does not constitute an MVP due to the small initial population size. Furthermore, we found that if chick mortality declined by 5% or the number of offspring produced per female increased by 5% (i.e. reducing nest loss) under the current situation, local reserve size and current population would constitute an MVP. Therefore, the most practical and simple conservation management tool would be to increase the breeding success of Chinese Grouse, especially by limiting human activity during the incubation period.
Neuropsychological deficits associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: LIBON DAVID J. , SCHWARTZMAN ROBERT J. , EPPIG JOEL , WAMBACH DENENE , BRAHIN ERIC , LEE PETERLIN B. , ALEXANDER GUILLERMO , KALANURIA ATUL 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe sought to elucidate the existence of neuropsychological subtypes in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). One hundred thirty seven patients with CRPS were administered tests that assess executive control, naming/lexical retrieval, and declarative memory. A 2-step cluster analysis that does not require any a priori specification regarding the number of clusters, classified patients into three groups. Group 1 obtained scores that were in the average range on all tests (n = 48; normal CRSP group). Group 2 (n = 58; dysexecutive CRSP group) presented with mild impairment or statistically low average test performance on working memory/verbal fluency tests. Group 3 (n = 31; global CRSP group) produced scores in the statistically low average/borderline range on all tests with particularly reduced scores on naming/declarative memory tests. Between-group analyses found that the CRPS group 1 obtained higher scores than CRPS groups 2 and 3 on all tests. However, groups 2 and 3 were equally impaired on executive tests. CRPS group 3 was impaired on tests of naming/memory tests compared to the other groups. Significant neuropsychological deficits are present in 65% of patients, with many patients presenting with elements of a dysexecutive syndrome and some patients presenting with global cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2010, 16, 566–573.)
Association of Gastric Heterotopic Pancreas and Esophageal Atresia in Children
Authors: Moreau Brigitte , Lévesque Dominique , Faure Christophe 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Esophageal atresia with or without tracheo‐esophageal fistula is a frequent malformation that occurs in about 1 of 3000 live births. It can be associated with other congenital malformations. The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of heterotopic pancreas (HP) in children with esophageal atresia (EA) and to evaluate possible linkage with other malformations.Materials and Methods:All patients with EA were prospectively followed since 2005 at Hôpital Sainte‐Justine and since 2006 at the Montreal Children's Hospital. We compared 91 patients who underwent gastroscopy during that period with 182 control patients who submitted to gastroscopy for other indications. The presence or the absence of HP and its localization were noted in both groups. The following data were also collected on patients with EA: sex, gestational age, EA type, and other malformations.Results:Seventeen (18.7%) of the 91 patients with EA had gastric HP compared with 1 (0.5%) in the control group (OR 42, 95% confidence interval 7–249, P < 0.001). There were no differences between patients with or without HP regarding sex, prematurity, EA type, and the presence or absence of other congenital abnormalities.Conclusions:This study demonstrates, for the first time, that gastric HP is associated with EA irrespective of other malformations.
Validation of a Monoclonal Stool Antigen Test for Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori Infection in Young Children
Authors: Raguza Daniele , Machado Rodrigo Strehl , Ogata Silvio Kazuo , Granato Celso Francisco H , Patrício Francy Reis S , Kawakami Elisabete 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:The monoclonal stool antigen test for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in children has been tested in developed countries, showing sensitivity and specificity higher than 90%. However, its accuracy in young children from developing countries is not well established. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of the monoclonal stool antigen test for diagnosing H pylori infection in children up to 7 years old.Patients and Methods:Two hundred seventy‐six patients (53.6% female; ages 0.35–6.99 years) were evaluated. Gold standard positive culture or positive histology and rapid urease tests were performed. The test (Amplified IDEIATM Hp StAR) was done according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results were expressed as optical density (OD) and an OD more than or equal to 0.190 was considered positive. Additionally, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to find the best cutoff.Results:The monoclonal stool antigen test for diagnosing H pylori infection showed 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.7%–100%) and 76.2% specificity (95% CI 70.1%–81.4%), considering the manufacturer's cutoff. After setting a new cutoff with the receiver operating characteristic curve (OD = 0.400), sensitivity remained 100% (95% CI 92.7%–100%), but the specificity improved to 97.7% (95% CI 94.7%–99%). At ages up to 2 years, sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 43.8%–100%) and specificity was 100% (95% CI 92.4%–100%); at ages 2 to 4 years, 100% (95% CI 80.6%–100%) and 97.6% (95% CI 96%–99.2%); at ages older than 4 years, 100% (95% CI 88.6%–100%) and 96.6% (95% CI 94.7%–98%), respectively.Conclusions:The monoclonal stool antigen test is accurate for diagnosing H pylori in children younger than 7 years old, but it must be locally validated in order to find the best cutoff for each population.
Fat Malabsorption in Cystic Fibrosis: Comparison of Quantitative Fat Assay and a Novel Assay Using Fecal Lauric/Behenic Acid
Authors: Dorsey Jill , Buckley Donna , Summer Suzanne , Jandacek Ronald J , Rider Therese , Tso Patrick , Narkewicz Michael R , Heubi James E 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:The gold standard for the diagnosis of fat malabsorption, the 72‐hour fat balance study, requires a 3‐day collection to generate a coefficient of fat absorption (CFA). We hypothesized that a new test using behenic acid (behenate test) as a nonabsorbable lipid marker may provide a facile means to assess fat absorption. The study proposed to answer 2 questions: first, whether the behenate test correlated with the gold standard and, second, whether the CFA improved when taking pancreatic enzymes during meals instead of taking them before meals.Patients and Methods:The study compared the behenate test with the gold standard in 15 patients with cystic fibrosis during 3 arms that require 3‐ to 4‐day hospitalization: first, taking pancreatic enzymes before meals; second, taking it during meals; and third, without taking it.Results:The mean CFA was 78.3% when pancreatic enzymes were taken during meals and 80.4% when these enzymes were taken before meals. Correlation between the CFA and the behenate test for collections during all 3 arms was r2 = 0.219 (P = 0.001).Conclusions:Timing of ingestion of pancreatic enzymes does not significantly alter the CFA. Although the CFA correlates with the behenate test, the correlation is not robust enough to justify replacement of the gold standard by this test. It is unclear whether the poor correlation between tests relates to intermeal variability in fat excretion or other factors; however, the behenate test may be suitable as a screening test for the detection of fat malabsorption.
Atopy Patch Test for Early Diagnosis of Cow's Milk Allergy in Preterm Infants
Authors: Dupont C , Soulaines P , Lapillonne A , Donne N , Kalach N , Benhamou PH 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTAtopy patch test may help early diagnosis of cow‐milk allergy in preterm infants. In the retrospective analysis of 5 girls and 9 boys, born at 31 ± 2 (mean ± SD) weeks of gestation and presenting digestive symptoms at age 42 ± 18 days, 10 had a complete recovery following the shift to an exclusive feeding with an amino acid–based formula. Cow‐milk–skin prick tests and specific immunoglobulin E were always negative, whereas the atopy patch test was positive in 7 of the 10 infants with complete recovery.
Serum Markers May Distinguish Biliary Atresia From Other Forms of Neonatal Cholestasis
Authors: Wang Hongtao , Malone James P , Gilmore Petra Erdmann , Davis Alan E , Magee John C , Townsend R Reid , Heuckeroth Robert O 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:Biliary atresia (BA) is the most serious liver disease in infants. Diagnosis currently depends on surgical exploration of the biliary tree. Noninvasive tests that distinguish BA from other types of neonatal liver disease are not available.Patients and Methods:To identify potential serum biomarkers that classify children with neonatal cholestasis, we performed 2‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, statistical analysis, and tandem mass spectrometry using serum samples from 19 infants with BA and 19 infants with non‐BA neonatal cholestasis.Results:Eleven potential serum biomarkers were found that could in combination classify children with neonatal cholestasis.Conclusions:Although no single biomarker or imaging test adequately distinguishes BA from other types of neonatal cholestasis, combinations of biomarkers, imaging tests, and noninvasive clinical criteria should be further explored as potential tests for rapid and accurate diagnosis of BA.