bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for transportation fuels
Authors: Lappas Angelos A. , Kalogiannis Kostas G. , Iliopoulou Eleni F. , Triantafyllidis Kostas S. , Stefanidis Stylianos D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractApplication of heterogeneous catalysis in biomass pyrolysis seems to be one of the most promising methods to improve bio‐oil quality by minimizing its undesirable properties (high viscosity, corrosivity, instability, etc.) and producing renewable crude (bio‐crude). This bio‐crude could finally lead to transportation fuels using existing refinery processes (such as hydrotreating). A plethora of catalytic materials have been investigated in the literature as catalysts for the biomass catalytic pyrolysis process. Among them, microporous (zeolitic) or mesoporous (Al‐MCM‐41) acid materials have been tested, either promoted or not with several transition metals. Lately, basic materials are also suggested. For this process, a circulating fluid bed reactor seems to be the most effective technology, since it offers continuous catalyst regeneration. The research till today shows that catalysts based on ZSM‐ are the most promising. With these catalysts, bio‐oil yield up to about 30 wt% (on dry biomass) with about 21 wt% oxygen can be produced. However, tailoring of catalyst properties such as acidity/basicity and porosity characteristics is still needed to develop an optimized catalyst.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Energy and Climate > Science and Materials
Wind conditions and resource assessment
Authors: Petersen Erik Lundtang , Troen Ib 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe development of wind power as a competitive energy source requires resource assessment of increasing accuracy and detail (including not only the long‐term ‘raw’ wind resource, but also turbulence, shear, and extremes), and in areas of increasing complexity. This in turn requires the use of the most advanced large‐scale meteorological models and data together with a chain of modeling tools linking the large‐scale dynamics via the mesoscales to site‐specific wind conditions. These wind conditions (at a given wind turbine site and height) are a complex function of ‘the weather’ statistics and of influence from features at smaller scales such as hills and mountains, surface roughness conditions, surface thermal properties, and specific nearby obstacles such as ‘other’ wind turbines.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Synthesis and Surface‐Active Properties of F‐Alkylated Polar Loops
Authors: Khalfallah Ali , Boughariou Boutheina , Hedhli Ahmed 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of double tail surfactants having crown ethers as polar heads was performed by reacting di‐F‐alkyl mercaptosuccinate on cyclic polyethylene glycol maleates. Surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) were determined for these new surfactants. According to CMC values, the solubility in water is higher with perfluoroalkyl surfactants having a bigger loop size and shorter hydrophobic chains.
Increased expression of tryptophan‐5‐hydroxylase 1, but not 2, in brainstem as a result of intrauterine malnutrition
Authors: Manjarrez‐Gutiérrez Gabriel , Martínez‐Radilla Karina , Boyzo‐Montes de Oca Alfonso , Orozco‐Suárez Sandra , Hernández‐Rodríguez Jorge 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether intrauterine malnutrition (IUM) produces a change in the expression of tryptophan‐5‐hydroxylase (TPH) 1 and/or 2 as the primary mechanism to explain the observed chronic cerebral acceleration of the synthesis of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). We used an IUM model and controls with ages of 1, 15 and 21 days. The brainstem was obtained to determine l‐tryptophan, 5‐HT and TPH activity. Expression of TPH1 and TPH2 via specific antibodies for each was also evaluated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Malnourished offspring had a significant elevation of l‐Trp, TPH activity and 5‐HT in the brainstem. Both isoforms (1 and 2) of TPH were expressed from birth in both groups; however, TPH1 expression was significantly higher in offspring with IUM in relation to the controls. Importantly, these malnourished offspring showed reduced expression of TPH2 compared to controls. It was confirmed that IUM produces an increase in 5‐HT in the brainstem and also showed increased expression of TPH1 at birth, with decreased expression of TPH2. These findings together allow us to propose that chronic elevation of synthesis of 5‐HT observed in the brain of the offspring with IUM is probably due to a change in the expression and activity of TPH1 induced from fetal life.
Oxidative stress in Niemann‐Pick type C patients: a protective role of N‐butyl‐deoxynojirimycin therapy
Authors: Ribas Graziela S. , Pires Ricardo , Coelho Janice Carneiro , Rodrigues Daiane , Mescka Caroline Paula , Vanzin Camila S. , Biancini Giovana B. , Negretto Giovanna , Wayhs Carlos A.Y. , Wajner Moacir , Vargas Carmen R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNiemann‐Pick type C (NPC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder biochemically characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in late endosomes and lysosomes of the affected patients. N‐butyl‐deoxynojirimycin is the only approved drug for patients with NPC disease. It inhibits glycosphingolipid synthesis, therefore reducing intracellular lipid storage. Although the mechanisms underlying the neurologic damage in the NPC disease are not yet well established, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest an involvement of reactive species in the pathophysiology of this disease. In this work we aimed to evaluate parameters of lipid and protein oxidation, measured by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive species (TBA‐RS) and protein carbonyl formation, respectively, as well as the enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant defenses in plasma, erythrocytes and fibroblasts from NPC1 patients, at diagnosis and during treatment with N‐butyl‐deoxynojirimycin. We found a significant increase of TBA‐RS in plasma and fibroblasts, as well as increased protein carbonyl formation and decreased total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma of untreated NPC1 patients as compared to the control group. In addition, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity was increased, whereas CAT and SOD activities were normal in these patients. We also observed that patients treated with N‐butyl‐deoxynojirimycin normalized plasma TBA‐RS and TAS, as well as erythrocyte GSH‐Px activity. Taken together, the present data indicate that oxidative stress is increased in patients with NPC1 disease and that treatment with N‐butyl‐deoxynojirimycin is able to confer protection against this pathological process.
Real option valuation of abandoned farmland
Authors: Nishihara Michi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the decision‐making process of an owner of abandoned farmland that is currently restricted to agricultural use but will be available for nonagricultural use in the future. I make a real option valuation of the abandoned farmland taking prospective land conversion into consideration. Results from the model calibration demonstrate that a slight probability of land conversion greatly increases the land value and discourages the owner from cultivating the land. Further, the results show that a small gap in the anticipation of land conversion prevents the owner from selling or leasing the land to a more efficient farmer.
Origin of glacial ridges (OIS 6) in the Kaskaskia Sublobe, southwestern Illinois, USA
Authors: Webb Nathan D. , Grimley David A. , Phillips Andrew C. , Fouke Bruce W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe origin of Illinois Episode (OIS 6) glacial ridges (formerly: ‘Ridged Drift’) in the Kaskaskia Basin of southwestern Illinois is controversial despite a century of research. Two studied ridges, containing mostly fluvial sand (OSL ages: ~ 150 ± 19 ka), with associated debris flows and high-angle reverse faults, are interpreted as ice-walled channels. A third studied ridge, containing mostly fine-grained till, is arcuate and morainal. The spatial arrangement of various ridge types can be explained by a glacial sublobe in the Kaskaskia Basin, with mainly fine-grained ridges along the sublobe margins and coarse-grained glaciofluvial ridges in a paleodrainage network within the sublobe interior. Illinois Episode till fabric and striation data demonstrate southwesterly ice flow that may diverge near the sublobe terminus. The sublobe likely formed as glacial ice thinned and receded from its maximum extent. The Kaskaskia Basin contains some of the best-preserved Illinois Episode constructional glacial landforms in the North American midcontinent. Such distinctive features probably result from ice flow and sedimentation into this former lowland, in addition to minimal postglacial erosion. Other similar OIS 6 glacial landforms may exist in association with previously unrecognized sublobes in the midcontinent, where paleo-lowlands might also have focused glacial sedimentation.
Unsteady nearshore natural convection induced by constant isothermal surface heating
Authors: Mao Yadan , Lei Chengwang , Patterson John C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe present investigation is concerned with natural convection in a wedge-shaped domain induced by constant isothermal heating at the water surface. Complementary to the study of daytime heating by solar radiation relevant to nearshore regions of lakes and reservoirs previously reported by the same authors, this study focuses on sensible heating imposed by the atmosphere when it is warmer than the water body. A semi-analytical approach coupled with scaling analysis and numerical simulation is adopted to resolve the problem. Two flow regimes are identified depending on the comparison between the Rayleigh number and the inverse of the square of the bottom slope. For the lower Rayleigh number regime, the entire flow domain eventually becomes isothermal and stationary. For the higher Rayleigh number regime, the flow domain is composed of two distinct subregions, a conductive subregion near the shore and a convective subregion offshore. Within the conductive subregion, the maximum local flow velocity occurs when the thermal boundary layer reaches the local bottom, and the subregion eventually becomes isothermal and stationary. In the offshore convective subregion, a steady state is reached with a distinct thermal boundary layer below the surface and a steady flow velocity. The dividing position between the two subregions and the major time and velocity scales governing the flow development in both subregions are proposed by the scaling analysis and validated by corresponding numerical simulation.
Group B streptococcal colonization and the risk of pre-eclampsia
Authors: MULLA Z. D. , ANNAVAJJHALA V. , GONZALEZ-SANCHEZ J. L. , SIMON M. R. , NUWAYHID B. S. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYTo determine if there was an association between recto-vaginal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization and pre-eclampsia, two cross-sectional studies were conducted using statewide hospital databases. The first study analysed data from the state of Florida, USA, and included 190 645 women who were discharged in 2001. This dataset was used to generate the hypothesis that GBS colonization is associated with pre-eclampsia. The second study tested the GBS hypothesis using the records of 577 153 women who delivered in 2004 or 2005 in Texas, USA. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for the outcome of pre-eclampsia comparing GBS-positive to GBS-negative women were calculated using logistic regression. The aOR for the association between GBS carriage and pre-eclampsia was 0·71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·65–0·77] in the Florida dataset. In the Texas dataset, the overall prevalence of GBS carriage was 14·1% while the overall prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 4·0%. GBS carriers were 31% less likely than non-carriers to have pre-eclampsia (aOR 0·69, 95% CI 0·66–0·72) in Texas. In two large statewide analyses, GBS carriage was inversely associated with pre-eclampsia. A sensitivity analysis revealed that misclassification of GBS status is not a likely explanation of our findings.
Does milk fortification increase the risk of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants with congenital heart disease?
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Veldman Alex , Menahem Samuel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrematurity and low birth weight adds to the risk of serious congenital heart disease in infants. It may also delay surgical intervention, especially when cardiopulmonary bypass is required, or where an aortopulmonary shunt is necessary to maintain adequate oxygenation. In this setting, neonatologists are faced with the challenge of accelerating the infant's growth to allow for early surgery. We describe the cases of two infants in whom an attempt to fortify the feeds was associated with necrotising enterocolitis, with a lethal outcome in one. The outcome suggests caution in fortifying feeds in premature infants with serious congenital heart disease.
VegaMC: a R/bioconductor package for fast downstream analysis of large array comparative genomic hybridization datasets
Authors: Morganella Sandro , Ceccarelli Michele 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Summary: Identification of genetic alterations of tumor cells has become a common method to detect the genes involved in development and progression of cancer. In order to detect driver genes, several samples need to be simultaneously analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project provides access to a large amount of data for several cancer types. TGCA is an invaluable source of information, but analysis of this huge dataset possess important computational problems in terms of memory and execution times. Here, we present a R/package, called VegaMC (Vega multi-channel), that enables fast and efficient detection of significant recurrent copy number alterations in very large datasets. VegaMC is integrated with the output of the common tools that convert allele signal intensities in log R ratio and B allele frequency. It also enables the detection of loss of heterozigosity and provides in output two web pages allowing a rapid and easy navigation of the aberrant genes. Synthetic data and real datasets are used for quantitative and qualitative evaluation purposes. In particular, we demonstrate the ability of VegaMC on two large TGCA datasets: colon adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme. For both the datasets, we provide the list of aberrant genes which contain previously validated genes and can be used as basis for further investigations.
Availability: VegaMC is a R/Bioconductor Package, available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/VegaMC.html.
Contact: morganella@unisannio.it
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Network inference using steady-state data and Goldbeter–koshland kinetics
Authors: Oates Chris J , Hennessy Bryan T , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B , Mukherjee Sach 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Network inference approaches are widely used to shed light on regulatory interplay between molecular players such as genes and proteins. Biochemical processes underlying networks of interest (e.g. gene regulatory or protein signalling networks) are generally nonlinear. In many settings, knowledge is available concerning relevant chemical kinetics. However, existing network inference methods for continuous, steady-state data are typically rooted in statistical formulations, which do not exploit chemical kinetics to guide inference.
Results: Herein, we present an approach to network inference for steady-state data that is rooted in non-linear descriptions of biochemical mechanism. We use equilibrium analysis of chemical kinetics to obtain functional forms that are in turn used to infer networks using steady-state data. The approach we propose is directly applicable to conventional steady-state gene expression or proteomic data and does not require knowledge of either network topology or any kinetic parameters. We illustrate the approach in the context of protein phosphorylation networks, using data simulated from a recent mechanistic model and proteomic data from cancer cell lines. In the former, the true network is known and used for assessment, whereas in the latter, results are compared against known biochemistry. We find that the proposed methodology is more effective at estimating network topology than methods based on linear models.
Availability: mukherjeelab.nki.nl/CODE/GK_Kinetics.zip
Contact: c.j.oates@warwick.ac.uk; s.mukherjee@nki.nl
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of turoctocog alfa and N8‐GP in haemophilia A dogs
Authors: Agersø H. , Stennicke H. R. , Pelzer H. , Olsen E. N. , Merricks E. P. , deFriess N. A. , Nichols T. C. , Ezban M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of the new recombinant FVIII compound turoctocog alfa and a Glyco‐PEGylated FVIII derivative thereof (N8‐GP) in Haemophilia A dogs. Six haemophilic dogs divided into two groups were included in the study. Each dog was administered a dose of 125 U kg−1, blood samples were collected at predetermined time points for both pharmacokinetic (FVIII measured by one‐stage aPTT assay) and pharmacodynamic [whole blood clotting time (WBCT)] evaluations. After intravenous administration to haemophilic dogs, the plasma concentration at the first sampling point was comparable for turoctocog alfa and N8‐GP, and the clearance was estimated to be 6.5 and 3.9 mL h−1kg−1 for turoctocog alfa and N8‐GP respectively. Both turoctocog alfa and N8‐GP were able to reduce the WBCT time to normal levels (<20 min), however, the reduced clearance was reflected in the WBCT, which returned to baseline at a later time point for N8‐GP as compared with dogs dosed with turoctocog alfa. The clearance was 40% reduced for N8‐GP as compared with turoctocog alfa. Simulations of a multiple dosing regimen in dogs, suggest that to maintain WBCT <20 min N8‐GP can be dosed at reduced intervals, e.g. with 4 days between doses, whereas turoctocog alfa will have to be dosed with 2½ day between doses. Data thereby supports N8‐GP as an alternative to standard rFVIII replacement therapy, with a more convenient dosing regimen.
Nurses' intervention goal categories for persons with spinal cord injury based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: an international Delphi survey
Authors: Boldt Christine , Velstra Inge‐Marie , Brach Mirjam , Linseisen Elisabeth , Cieza Alarcos 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo examine whether the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health can be used as standard language to express intervention goals on the part of nurses caring for persons with spinal cord injury.BackgroundThis classification is multipurpose and is designed to organize a wide range of health‐related information that can be used in any healthcare context and especially by interdisciplinary teams.DesignA three‐round, consensus‐building, electronic‐mail survey using the Delphi technique.MethodsIn the Delphi process spinal cord injury nurses were asked to name the problems, resources, and aspects of the environment that they address when treating patients with spinal cord injury. The answers were linked to the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The study was carried out in 2007.ResultsNurses (N = 35) from 17 countries provided 823 answers that were linked to a set of 143 categories, 24 personal factors, and 51 concepts categorized as ‘Not‐covered’, of which 32 were areas of fundamental importance to nurses. These were mainly risks that persons with spinal cord injury may face, such as the risk for future impairments.ConclusionThe use of the data set resulting from this study should help determine and document the needs that pertain to spinal cord injury nursing on an international level. Future research should confirm the usefulness of such a data set in clinical practice and can contribute to the update process of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
Structural insight in histo‐blood group binding by the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF
Authors: Moonens Kristof , Bouckaert Julie , Coddens Annelies , Tran Thao , Panjikar Santosh , De Kerpel Maia , Cox Eric , Remaut Han , De Greve Henri 
Published: July 2012

SummaryF18‐positive enterotoxigenic and Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli are responsible for post‐weaning diarrhoea and oedema disease in pigs and lead to severe production losses in the farming industry. F18 fimbriae attach to the small intestine of young piglets by latching onto glycosphingolipids with A/H blood group determinants on type 1 core. We demonstrate the N‐terminal domain of the F18 fimbrial subunit FedF to be responsible for ABH‐mediated attachment and present its X‐ray structure in ligand‐free form and bound to A and B type 1 hexaoses. The FedF lectin domain comprises a 10‐stranded immunoglobulin‐like β‐sandwich. Three linear motives, Q47‐N50, H88‐S90 and R117‐T119, form a shallow glycan binding pocket near the tip of the domain that is selective for type 1 core glycans in extended conformation. In addition to the glycan binding pocket, a polybasic loop on the membrane proximal surface of FedF lectin domain is shown to be required for binding to piglet enterocytes. Although dispensable for ABH glycan recognition, the polybasic surface adds binding affinity in the context of the host cell membrane, a mechanism that is proposed to direct ABH–glycan binding to cell‐bound glycosphingolipids and could allow bacteria to avoid clearance by secreted glycoproteins.
The coming of age of the LeuO regulator
Authors: Hernández‐Lucas Ismael , Calva Edmundo 
Published: July 2012

SummaryLeuO is a quiescent genetic regulator present in many bacteria, which forms part of the H‐NS regulon. LeuO in turn has been proposed to activate a subset of genes of the regulon by antagonizing H‐NS. In the paper by Dillon et al., binding of LeuO to the S. Typhimurium genome was observed by ChIP‐chip to some of the previously described LeuO‐regulated genes, upon growth under stress conditions. However, studies at a higher LeuO concentration from a cloned inducible promoter rendered many more binding sites, pointing towards the importance of the abundance of the regulator in the cell, in a given moment. Binding of LeuO was observed not only to intergenic sequences, but in the majority of cases to intragenic sequences, and co‐binding was observed with H‐NS in many sites and with RNA polymerase to the majority of sites. The authors define a binding motif that allowed the detection of several other LeuO‐regulated genes that were not detected by ChIP‐chip, which were possibly missed because LeuO binds and bridges distal sites, in those instances. The observations reported open new questions regarding the mode of action for LeuO.