bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HER‐2 pulsed dendritic cell vaccine can eliminate HER‐2 expression and impact ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Sharma Anupama , Koldovsky Ursula , Xu Shuwen , Mick Rosemarie , Roses Robert , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth , Weinstein Susan , Nisenbaum Harvey , Levine Bruce L. , Fox Kevin , Zhang Paul , Koski Gary , Czerniecki Brian J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:HER‐2/neu overexpression plays a critical role in breast cancer development, and its expression in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is associated with development of invasive breast cancer. A vaccine targeting HER‐2/neu expression in DCIS may initiate immunity against invasive cancer.METHODS:A HER‐2/neu dendritic cell vaccine was administered to 27 patients with HER‐2/neu–overexpressing DCIS. The HER‐2/neu vaccine was administered before surgical resection, and pre‐ and postvaccination analysis was conducted to assess clinical results.RESULTS:At surgery, 5 of 27 (18.5%) vaccinated subjects had no evidence of remaining disease, whereas among 22 subjects with residual DCIS, HER‐2/neu expression was eradicated in 11 (50%). When comparing estrogen receptor (ER)neg with ERpos DCIS lesions, vaccination was more effective in hormone‐independent DCIS. After vaccination, no residual DCIS was found in 40% of ERneg subjects compared with 5.9% in ERpos subjects. Sustained HER‐2/neu expression was found in 10% of ERneg subjects compared with 47.1% in ERpos subjects (P = .04). Postvaccination phenotypes were significantly different between ERpos and ERneg subjects (P = .01), with 7 of 16 (43.8%) initially presenting with ERposHER‐2/neupos luminal B phenotype finishing with the ERposHER‐2/neuneg luminal A phenotype, and 3 of 6 (50%) with the ERnegHER‐2/neupos phenotype changing to the ERnegHER‐2/neuneg phenotype.CONCLUSIONS:Results suggest that vaccination against HER‐2/neu is safe and well tolerated and induces decline and/or eradication of HER‐2/neu expression. These findings warrant further exploration of HER‐2/neu vaccination in estrogen‐independent breast cancer and highlight the need to target additional tumor‐associated antigens and pathways. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions in renal cancer
Authors: Sugawara Emiko , Togashi Yuki , Kuroda Naoto , Sakata Seiji , Hatano Satoko , Asaka Reimi , Yuasa Takeshi , Yonese Junji , Kitagawa Masanobu , Mano Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Yuichi , Takeuchi Kengo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Several promising molecular‐targeted drugs are used for advanced renal cancers. However, complete remission is rarely achieved, because none of the drugs targets a key molecule that is specific to the cancer, or is associated with “oncogene addiction” (dependence on one or a few oncogenes for cell survival) of renal cancer. Recently, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion, vinculin‐ALK, has been reported in pediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases who have a history of sickle cell trait. In this context, ALK inhibitor therapy would constitute a therapeutic advance, as has previously been demonstrated with lung cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and anaplastic large cell lymphomas.METHODS:Anti‐ALK immunohistochemistry was used to screen 355 tumor tissues, using the intercalated antibody‐enhanced polymer (iAEP) method. The cohort consisted of 255 clear cell RCCs, 32 papillary RCCs, 34 chromophobe RCCs, 6 collecting duct carcinomas, 10 unclassified RCCs, 6 sarcomatoid RCCs, and 12 other tumors.RESULTS:Two patients (36‐ and 53‐year‐old females) were positive for ALK as determined by iAEP immunohistochemistry. Using 5′‐ rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends, we detected TPM3‐ALK and EML4‐ALK in these tumors. The results of this study were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. The 2 ALK‐positive RCCs were unclassified (mixed features of papillary, mucinous cribriform, and solid patterns with rhabdoid cells) and papillary subtype. They comprised 2.3% of non–clear cell RCCs (2 of 88) and 3.7% of non–clear cell and nonchromophobe RCCs (2 of 54).CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study indicate that ALK fusions also exist in adult RCC cases without uncommon backgrounds. These findings confirm the potential of ALK inhibitor therapy for selected cases of RCC. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Comparative incidence patterns and trends of gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors in England, 1979 to 2003
Authors: Arora Ramandeep S. , Alston Robert D. , Eden Tim O. B. , Geraci Marco , Birch Jillian M 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:It is believed that gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from primordial germ cells and may have similar etiopathogenesis. Unlike testicular GCTs, there has been limited comprehensive population‐based analysis of ovarian and extragonadal GCTs.METHODS:All malignant GCTs and all central nervous system (CNS) GCTs with benign and uncertain behavior that were registered in England in the age group 0 to 84 years from 1979 to 2003 were included in the current study. Incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the world standard population.RESULTS:There were 33,364 GCTs (92.5% testes, 3.9% ovary, 3.2% extragonadal) in individuals aged 0 to 84 years. The CNS was the most common extragonadal site. An initial peak in incidence at ages 0 to 4 years of nongerminomas was observed at all sites except ovary. Second incidence peaks between ages 10 to 39 years that were more marked among males also were observed at all sites. The ages at these incidence peaks varied by site and were 10 to 14 years (CNS), 15 to 19 years (ovary), 25 to 29 years (other extragonadal sites), and 30 to 34 years (testes). A statistically significant increase in incidence over time was observed in germinomas (testes, CNS) and nongerminomas (testes, ovary).CONCLUSIONS:The age‐incidence patterns observed suggested a common initiation of GCTs in embryonic/fetal life with variable rates of tumor progression as a result of subsequent events that may be site specific. The authors concluded that future genetic studies should consider GCTs from all sites to enable a better understanding of their etiology. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cancer burden in Africa and opportunities for prevention
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Bray Freddie , Forman David , O'Brien Meg , Ferlay Jacques , Center Melissa , Parkin D. Maxwell 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCancer is an emerging public health problem in Africa. About 715,000 new cancer cases and 542,000 cancer deaths occurred in 2008 on the continent, with these numbers expected to double in the next 20 years simply because of the aging and growth of the population. Furthermore, cancers such as lung, female breast, and prostate cancers are diagnosed at much higher frequencies than in the past because of changes in lifestyle factors and detection practices associated with urbanization and economic development. Breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men have now become the most commonly diagnosed cancers in many Sub‐Saharan African countries, replacing cervical and liver cancers. In most African countries, cancer control programs and the provision of early detection and treatment services are limited despite this increasing burden. This paper reviews the current patterns of cancer in Africa and the opportunities for reducing the burden through the application of resource level interventions, including implementation of vaccinations for liver and cervical cancers, tobacco control policies for smoking‐related cancers, and low‐tech early detection methods for cervical cancer, as well as pain relief at the palliative stage of cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
GIRK2 expression in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area
Authors: Reyes Stefanie , Fu Yuhong , Double Kay , Thompson Lachlan , Kirik Deniz , Paxinos George , Halliday Glenda M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractG‐protein–regulated inward‐rectifier potassium channel 2 (GIRK2) is reported to be expressed only within certain dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), although very limited data are available in humans. We examined the localization of GIRK2 in the SN and adjacent ventral tegmental area (VTA) of humans and mice by using either neuromelanin pigment or immunolabeling with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or calbindin. GIRK2 immunoreactivity was found in nearly every human pigmented neuron or mouse TH‐immunoreactive neuron in both the SN and VTA, although considerable variability in the intensity of GIRK2 staining was observed. The relative intensity of GIRK2 immunoreactivity in TH‐immunoreactive neurons was determined; in both species nearly all SN TH‐immunoreactive neurons had strong GIRK2 immunoreactivity compared with only 50–60% of VTA neurons. Most paranigral VTA neurons also contained calbindin immunoreactivity, and approximately 25% of these and nearby VTA neurons also had strong GIRK2 immunoreactivity. These data show that high amounts of GIRK2 protein are found in most SN neurons as well as in a proportion of nearby VTA neurons. The single previous human study may have been compromised by the fixation method used and the postmortem delay of their controls, whereas other studies suggesting that GIRK2 is located only in limited neuronal groups within the SN have erroneously included VTA regions as part of the SN. In particular, the dorsal layer of dopamine neurons directly underneath the red nucleus is considered a VTA region in humans but is commonly considered the dorsal tier of the SN in laboratory species. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2591–2607, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A three‐layer model for buckling of a human aortic segment under specific flow‐pressure conditions
Authors: Amabili M. , Karazis K. , Mongrain R. , Païdoussis M. P. , Cartier R. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYHuman aortas are subjected to large mechanical stresses because of blood flow pressurization and through contact with the surrounding tissue. It is essential that the aorta does not lose stability by buckling with deformation of the cross‐section (shell‐like buckling) (i) for its proper functioning to ensure blood flow and (ii) to avoid high stresses in the aortic wall. A numerical bifurcation analysis employs a refined reduced‐order model to investigate the stability of a straight aorta segment conveying blood flow. The structural model assumes a nonlinear cylindrical orthotropic laminated composite shell composed of three layers representing the tunica intima, media and adventitia. Residual stresses because of pressurization are evaluated and included in the model. The fluid is formulated using a hybrid model that contains the unsteady effects obtained from linear potential flow theory and the steady viscous effects obtained from the time‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The aortic segment loses stability by divergence with deformation of the cross‐section at a critical flow velocity for a given static pressure, exhibiting a strong subcritical behaviour with partial or total collapse of the inner wall. Preliminary results suggest directions for further study in relation to the appearance and growth of dissection in the aorta. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid–structure interaction simulations of the Fontan procedure using variable wall properties
Authors: Long C. C. , Hsu M‐C. , Bazilevs Y. , Feinstein J. A. , Marsden A. L. 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYChildren born with single ventricle heart defects typically undergo a staged surgical procedure culminating in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) or Fontan surgery. The goal of this work was to perform physiologic, patient‐specific hemodynamic simulations of two post‐operative TCPC patients by using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations. Data from two patients are presented, and post‐op anatomy is reconstructed from MRI data. Respiration rate, heart rate, and venous pressures are obtained from catheterization data, and inflow rates are obtained from phase contrast MRI data and are used together with a respiratory model. Lumped parameter (Windkessel) boundary conditions are used at the outlets. We perform FSI simulations by using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element framework to account for motion of the blood vessel walls in the TCPC. This study is the first to introduce variable elastic properties for the different areas of the TCPC, including a Gore‐Tex conduit. Quantities such as wall shear stresses and pressures at critical locations are extracted from the simulation and are compared with pressure tracings from clinical data as well as with rigid wall simulations. Hepatic flow distribution and energy efficiency are also calculated and compared for all cases. There is little effect of FSI on pressure tracings, hepatic flow distribution, and time‐averaged energy efficiency. However, the effect of FSI on wall shear stress, instantaneous energy efficiency, and wall motion is significant and should be considered in future work, particularly for accurate prediction of thrombus formation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled electromechanical model of the heart: Parallel finite element formulation
Authors: Lafortune Pierre , Arís Ruth , Vázquez Mariano , Houzeaux Guillaume 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, a highly parallel coupled electromechanical model of the heart is presented and assessed. The parallel‐coupled model is thoroughly discussed, with scalability proven up to hundreds of cores. This work focuses on the mechanical part, including the constitutive model (proposing some modifications to pre‐existent models), the numerical scheme and the coupling strategy. The model is next assessed through two examples. First, the simulation of a small piece of cardiac tissue is used to introduce the main features of the coupled model and calibrate its parameters against experimental evidence. Then, a more realistic problem is solved using those parameters, with a mesh of the Oxford ventricular rabbit model. The results of both examples demonstrate the capability of the model to run efficiently in hundreds of processors and to reproduce some basic characteristic of cardiac deformation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid Diffusion within Black Lipid Membranes Measured with Dual‐Focus Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Weiß Kerstin , Enderlein Jörg 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe present an overview of the application of dual‐focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2f‐FCS) for the measurement of diffusion coefficients within free‐standing lipid membranes. The first part gives a detailed theoretical analysis of the expected performance of 2f‐FCS, in particular about the sensitivity of the method with regard to precise focus position and to aberrations caused by refractive index mismatch or cover slide thickness deviation. After describing the experimental details of the 2f‐FCS setup and the preparation of free‐standing black lipid membranes (BLMs), we apply the method to study the diffusion of lipids within BLMs as a function of lipid composition and of ion valency and ionic strength of the surrounding buffer.
Probing the Electronic State of a Single Coronene Molecule by the Emission from Proximate Fluorophores
Authors: Fückel Burkhard , Hinze Gerald , Wu Jishan , Müllen Klaus , Basché Thomas 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe measured electronic transitions of the 2D graphene‐type molecule hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) at the single‐molecule level. The large intersystem crossing rate and long triplet state lifetime in the range of seconds are prohibitive for direct single‐molecule observation. By covalently coupling fluorescent acceptor molecules (perylenecarboximide, PMI) to HBC, efficient singlet energy transfer gives rise to strong PMI fluorescence. Confocal single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy with two excitation colours matching the HBC and PMI transition frequencies, respectively, was conducted. Single HBC‐6PMI molecules were readily observed via the PMI emission. It was found that after selective excitation of the HBC the PMI emission is interrupted by dark intervals whose length of several seconds is in agreement with the triplet state lifetime of HBC. Accordingly, the presence/absence of PMI emission permits to read out the spin state of a single HBC molecule. Moreover, due to spectral overlap, the HBC triplet state acts as an energy acceptor for PMI in the excited singlet state, thus leading to efficient singlet–triplet annihilation (STA) during its lifetime. Hence, intersystem crossing into the HBC triplet state serves as a collective fluorescence switch for individual multichromophores.
Intermolecular Weak Interactions in HTeXH Dimers (X=O, S, Se, Te): Hydrogen Bonds, Chalcogen–Chalcogen Contacts and Chiral Discrimination
Authors: Sánchez‐Sanz Goar , Trujillo Cristina , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA theoretical study of the HTeXH (X=O, S, Se and Te) monomers and homodimers was carried out by means of second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) computational methods. In the case of monomers, the isomerization energy from HTeXH to H2Te=X and H2X=Te (X=O, S, Se, and Te) and the rotational transition‐state barriers were obtained. Due to the chiral nature of these compounds, homo and heterochiral dimers were found. The electron density of the complexes was characterized with the atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM) methodology, finding a large variety of interactions. The charge transfer within the dimers was analyzed by means of natural bond orbitals (NBO). The density functional theory‐symmetry adapted perturbation theory (DFT‐SAPT) method was used to compute the components of the interaction energies. Hydrogen bonds and chalcogen–chalcogen interactions were characterized and their influence analyzed concerning the stability and chiral discrimination of the dimers.
A Versatile Route to Core–Shell Catalysts: Synthesis of Dispersible M@Oxide (M=Pd, Pt; Oxide=TiO2, ZrO2) Nanostructures by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Bakhmutsky Kevin , Wieder Noah L. , Cargnello Matteo , Galloway Benjamin , Fornasiero Paolo , Gorte Raymond J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA method, based on self assembly, for preparing core–shell nanostructures that are dispersible in organic solvents is demonstrated for Pd and Pt cores with CeO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 shells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of these nanostructures confirmed the formation of distinct metal cores, approximately 2 nm in diameter, surrounded by amorphous oxide shells. Functional catalysts were prepared by dispersing the nanostructures onto an Al2O3 support; and vibrational spectra of adsorbed CO, together with adsorption uptakes, were used to demonstrate the accessibility of the metal core to CO and the porous nature of the oxide shell. Measurements of water‐gas‐shift (WGS) rates demonstrated that these catalysts exhibit activities similar to that of conventional supported catalysts despite having lower metal dispersions. Pd‐based CeO2 and TiO2 core–shell catalysts exhibit significant transient deactivation, which is probably caused by a decrease in the exposed metal surface area due to the ease of reduction of the shells. Alternatively, Pt‐based analogous core–shell catalysts do not exhibit such a transient decrease. Both Pd‐ and Pt‐based ZrO2 core–shell catalysts deactivate at a significantly lower rate due to the less reducible nature of the ZrO2 shell.
Metal Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Fenton Catalysts
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Navalon Sergio , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe Fenton reaction (the generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide) is the most useful method for degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution at moderate concentrations. In this Review we summarize the use of metal nanoparticles, either unsupported or deposited on large‐surface‐area solids, as Fenton catalysts. The Review complements two other reviews in the field of heterogeneous Fenton catalysis using aluminosilicates and carbonaceous materials. Herein, particular emphasis is given to the reaction conditions in which these catalysts are used, highlighting the operating mechanism and the relative efficiency of the materials. Aspects such as leaching of the metal to the solution, reusability, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide used are analyzed in detail. Besides a critical description of the present status of the field, future trends and the need to establishing valid comparisons to assess the relative efficiencies of the materials are commented on.
Development of passive heat control system for direct methanol fuel cell using electric double layer capacitor
Authors: Norimatsu Yasuaki , Kikuchi Mutsumi , Kanouda Akihiko 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is highly anticipated as a new, high‐density energy source for mobile usage; however, its poor power density presents a problem. As a result, the size of portable electronic equipment using DMFCs is far larger than that of equipment using another type of battery. In addition, steady power supply control is difficult, because the output power of the DMFC is affected by the environment. First, this paper presents a pulse charge control system that is a new control system applied to a mobile device, which uses the DMFC and an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC), then describes the new passive heat control and presents experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(1): 46–53, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21129
Contribution of N2 ion on polar group introduction at PTFE surface by high E/n discharge
Authors: Nakayama Akihiko , Iwao Toru , Yumoto Motoshige 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) has superior characteristics such as low dielectric constant, low dielectric tangent, and chemical stability. However, it has a low adhesion force. In order to improve the adhesion force, we have studied the surface modification of PTFE by using a discharge under high E/n (E is the electric field, n is the particle density) conditions in nitrogen. Under high E/n conditions, electrons and ions achieve energies up to and exceeding 100 eV. It is inferred that improvement of adhesion is brought about by the introduction of polar groups at the surface. However, it is not clear which particles (ions, atoms, excited molecules, etc.) in the discharge space promote the introduction of polar groups into the PTFE surface. We assume that ions with high kinetic energies rather than the binding energy of PTFE contribute to the formation of chemical bonds by breaking C‐C or C‐F bonds. It is expected that bond cleavage is the rate‐determining step in surface modification. We measured the contact angle of samples irradiated at various ion energies and exposure doses. The results indicate that increasing the exposure dose accelerates the introduction of polar groups. In addition, it is inferred that an ion energy of about 40 eV is effective for the introduction of polar groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(1): 1–7, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21226
Asymmetric Benzoylation of meso‐Hydrobenzoin Using a Reusable Tripodal Imidazoline–Pyridine–Cu Catalyst
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Sakagami Ken 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChiral, self‐supported, polytopic imidazoline–pyridine ligands were designed and synthesized for use in Cu catalysis. The tripodal imidazoline–pyridine L6‐Cu(BF4)2 complex catalyzed the asymmetric p‐(tert‐butyl)benzoylation of meso‐hydrobenzoin to give the adduct in up to 85 % ee. After completion of the asymmetric benzoylation reaction, the self‐supported tripodal imidazoline–pyridine–Cu catalyst could be easily recovered as a precipitate by adding hexane, and the recovered catalyst could be reused several times while maintaining the catalyst activity and selectivity.