bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object recognition in Williams syndrome: uneven ventral stream activation
Authors: O’Hearn Kirsten , Roth Jennifer K. , Courtney Susan M. , Luna Beatriz , Street Whitney , Terwillinger Robert , Landau Barbara 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder associated with severe visuospatial deficits, relatively strong language skills, heightened social interest, and increased attention to faces. On the basis of the visuospatial deficits, this disorder has been characterized primarily as a deficit of the dorsal stream, the occipitoparietal brain regions that subserve visuospatial processing. However, some evidence indicates that this disorder may also affect the development of the ventral stream, the occipitotemporal cortical regions that subserve face and object recognition. The present studies examined ventral stream function in WS, with the hypothesis that faces would produce a relatively more mature pattern of ventral occipitotemporal activation, relative to other objects that are also represented across these visual areas. Using functional magnetic imaging, we compared activation patterns during viewing of human faces, cat faces, houses and shoes in individuals with WS (age 14–27), typically developing 6–9‐year‐olds (matched approximately on mental age), and typically developing 14–26‐year‐olds (matched on chronological age). Typically developing individuals exhibited changes in the pattern of activation over age, consistent with previous reports. The ventral stream topography of individuals with WS differed from both control groups, however, reflecting the same level of activation to face stimuli as chronological age matches, but less activation to house stimuli than either mental age or chronological age matches. We discuss the possible causes of this unusual topography and implications for understanding the behavioral profile of people with WS.
Learning to read changes children’s phonological skills: evidence from a latent variable longitudinal study of reading and nonword repetition
Authors: Nation Kate , Hulme Charles 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIndividual differences in nonword repetition are associated with language and literacy development, but few studies have considered the extent to which learning to read influences phonological skills as indexed by nonword repetition performance. We explored this question using a latent variable longitudinal design. Reading, oral language and nonword repetition were assessed in 215 children at age 6 years and one year later at age 7. Reading at 6 years predicted growth in nonword repetition between 6 and 7 years, independent of the effects of oral language skills and the autoregressive effect of nonword repetition at 6 years, but nonword repetition was not a longitudinal predictor of the growth of reading. These findings demonstrate that learning to read has a powerful effect on children’s language processing systems. We consider how learning to read might influence speech processing, and discuss the implications of our findings for theoretical accounts of reading disorder.
Remaking the World of Chinese Labour: A 30‐Year Retrospective
Authors: Friedman Eli , Lee Ching Kwan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOver the past 30 years, labour relations, and, indeed, the entirety of working‐class politics in China, have been dramatically altered by economic reforms. In this review, we focus on the two key processes of commodification and casualization and their implications for workers. On the one hand, these processes have resulted in the destruction of the old social contract and the emergence of marketized employment relations. This has implied a loss of the job security and generous benefits enjoyed by workers in the planned economy. On the other hand, commodification and casualization have produced significant but localized resistance from the Chinese working class. Up until now, the activities of labour non‐governmental organizations and of the official trade unions have contributed to the state's effort of individualizing and institutionalizing labour conflict resolution through labour law and arbitration mechanisms. Finally, we provide a brief discussion of the impact of 2008's Labour Contract Law and the outbreak of the economic crisis on labour relations. We conclude that the continual imbalance of power at the point of production presents a real dilemma for the Chinese state as it attempts to shift away from a model of development dependent on exports.
The Historical Development of Family Budget Standards in Britain, from the 17th Century to the Present
Authors: Deeming Christopher 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article reviews the British tradition of research into household budget standards and describes a rich history of theoretical and methodological innovation in the social sciences. The origins of this enterprise lie in hypothetical family budget calculations made by political arithmeticians investigating living standards in the 1600s. Systematic budget inquiries emerge in England in the 1790s and by the end of the 19th century, normative standards are applied to determine lines of poverty across sections of British society. The first ‘scientific’ study to do this was conducted in England in 1912, local budget surveys flourish here until after the Second World War; by which time poverty researchers were abandoning them, turning instead to the data which was becoming available from national government surveys of family income and expenditure. Towards the close of the century, however, we see researchers trying to escape some of the circularity posed by family spending, which is, after all, constrained by household income. New and competing methods for determining household budget standards emerge before a groundbreaking inquiry attempts to establish a consensus in the field of minimum income standards research.
Party Politics and Childcare: Comparing the Expansion of Service Provision in England and Germany
Authors: Fleckenstein Timo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe expansion of childcare provision in the traditionally ‘service‐lean’ welfare states of England and Germany, in times when most other welfare programmes faced retrenchment, came with some surprise to the comparative social policy and political economy literature. With the expansion of employment‐oriented family policies, both countries have departed from their previous strong male breadwinner trajectories. Electoral competition and corresponding party and family policy modernisation in attempts to improve female voter mobilisation is key to understanding this paradigmatic shift informed by the adult worker model.
Does Active Labour Market Policy have an Impact on Social Marginalization?
Authors: Breidahl Karen Nielsen , Clement Sanne Lund 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCountless evaluations of active labour market policy (ALMP) have been conducted in the last decade. The common denominator for most of these evaluations is a focus on employment (self‐sufficiency) as the dependent variable, where the success of ALMP is measured in terms of the number of unemployed finding ordinary employment after (or immediately before) participating in an activation programme. The main argument in this article is that this focus is inadequate. For many long‐term unemployed people, it would be an understatement to describe the road to employment as merely ‘bumpy’. Research must take this into consideration. This article therefore deals with the Danish activation policy from a new perspective by analyzing the impact on different aspects of social marginalization, focusing on long‐term social assistance recipients. Using data from a comprehensive, representative quantitative survey of Danish unemployed conducted in 2007, the first analysis convincingly reveals that we fail to find any systematic correlation between participation in ALMP and any of the social marginalization indicators. The second analysis presents a more mixed picture of the participant's own assessment of the impact of ALMP on their self‐esteem; some are quite positive, while others are more neutral or even rather negative. Taking the existing research into account, these results leave us with conceptual and methodological questions for further research.
Action Research and Performativity: How Sociology Shaped a Farmers' Movement in The Netherlands
Authors: Daniel François‐Joseph 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article elaborates on the interactions at play between sociologists and social actors during an action research process. It particularly seeks to highlight the impact that scholars have while undertaking field research and interacting with the objects of their research; the processes through which academic ideas spread, and become a part of social reality. This article argues that this academic influence can be best understood through the concept of performativity. During an action research process scientific utterances not only have an analytical value but also shape the world, as they can bring into existence what they utter. To illustrate this phenomenon, this article presents a case study that highlights the impact of sociologists on a farmers' movement in The Netherlands, an impact that was facilitated by a performative process. It demonstrates that the process of performing is an entanglement of events, a tumult of successive situations and circumstances through which researchers' views are gradually diffused among the population, shape people's minds and transform their institutions. These findings reflect those of economic sociologists, who also analysed how economic models and theories are transferred into social arrangements through a process of performativity.
Constitutional Review in the Mega‐Leviathan: A Democratic Foundation for the European Court of Justice
Authors: Hong Quoc Loc 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe European Court of Justice (ECJ) serves, among other things, as a constitutional court for the EU. This means that it possesses the legal right to strike down both EU and national laws it deems irreconcilable with treaty provisions. In the present article, we shall draw on Hans Kelsen's theory of democracy to argue that the ECJ's competence to review and invalidate legislation is, in fact, indispensable for the democratic legitimacy of the EU's legal system as a whole.
Are There Methods of Reasoning on ‘Meta‐Legislation’? The Interpretation of Legislative Competence Norms within the Methodology of European Constitutional Law
Authors: Hahn‐Lorber Marcus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLegislative competence norms are paradigmatic elements of European constitutional law and the supranational, post‐federal era. The article aims to address legislative competence norms from the viewpoint of methodology by considering significant features of reasoning on European legislative competence norms. The discussion will be based on understanding legislative competences as ‘meta‐legislation’. That concept encompasses a substantive rather than formalistic, and a politically informed rather than strictly positivist account of legislative competences and their methodology. Against that background, the interpretation of competence norms is assessed. Subsequently, the process of interpretation is discussed according to judicial practice, constitutional theory and general legal methodology. A consideration of the significance of the—usually vast—wording of competence norms completes that discussion. Finally, consequences about the political inclusiveness of interpreting competence norms and the issue of ‘clarity’ are drawn. A conclusion summarises the results.
Integrating Environmental Protection and EU Competition Law: Why Competition Isn't Special
Authors: Kingston Suzanne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges facing environmental policy makers at present is that of integrating environmental protection goals into economic policy areas. Unless this is genuinely achieved, it is clear that environmental degradation will continue apace. Though one of the EU's most important areas of economic competence is competition policy, many policy makers and commentators reject the notion that environmental concerns should play a significant role in EU competition analysis. In that light, this article addresses two key questions. First, should this approach apply? Second, if not, what are the principles that govern how environmental protection requirements should be taken into account by decision makers applying EU competition law? In answering these questions, the article puts forward three theoretical arguments as to why, and how, the environmental benefits and damage flowing from goods and services should be taken into account by EU competition decision makers, based, respectively, on legal systematic, governance and economic reasoning.
Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Resilience Scale RS‐nl on 3265 healthy participants: a confirmation of the association between age and resilience found with the Swedish version
Authors: Portzky Michael , Wagnild Gail , De Bacquer Dirk , Audenaert Kurt 
Published: November 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 86–92 Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch Resilience Scale RS‐nl on 3265 healthy participants: a confirmation of the association between age and resilience found with the Swedish versionThe aim of this study was to complete a thorough psychometric evaluation of the ‘RS‐nl’, a Dutch adaptation of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale. All of the 25 items of the original RS were retained, but a 4‐point rather than a 7‐point response was used and one item was reworded by removal of the negation. Psychometric analyses on 3265 healthy participants revealed a significant positive association between age and the total resilience score, confirming the findings with the Swedish version by Lundman et al. To a lesser extent, associations between education and the subscale ‘Personal Competence’ and between gender and the subscale ‘Acceptance of Self and Life’ was found. There was, however, no strong evidence for a five factor structure reflecting the five characteristics described by Wagnild and Young, mainly because of high secondary loadings. Therefore, in accordance with the 25‐item RS, a two factor model (creating the subscales ‘Personal Competence’ and ‘Acceptance of Self and Life’) was maintained. The RS‐nl seems to be a valid and useful screening instrument to detect persons at risk, who could benefit from closer and prolonged psychological help.
Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis – a valid method for developing knowledge in nursing science
Authors: Tofthagen Randi , Fagerstrøm Lisbeth M. 
Published: November 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 21–31

Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis – a valid method for developing knowledge in nursing science In nursing science, concept development is a necessary prerequisite for meaningful basic research. Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis is a method for developing knowledge in nursing science. The purpose of this article is to present Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis as a valid scientific method. A brief description of the evolutionary process, from data collection to data analysis, with the concepts’ context, surrogate and related terms, antecedents, attributes, examples and consequences, is presented. The phases used in evolutionary concept analysis are illustrated with eight actual studies (1999–2009) from nursing research. The strength of the method is that it is systematic, with a focus on clear‐cut phases during the analysis process, and that it can contribute to clarifying, describing and explaining concepts central to nursing science by analysing how a chosen concept has been used both within the discipline itself and other health sciences. While an interdisciplinary perspective which stresses the similarities and dissimilarities of how a concept is used in various disciplines can increase knowledge of a concept, it is important to clarify the specific with the discipline. Nursing research should focus on the unambiguous use of concepts, for which Rodgers’ method constitutes a possible method. The importance of using quality criteria to determine the inclusion of material should, however, be emphasised in the continued development of the method.
Narrative hermeneutics: in search of narrative data
Authors: Wiklund‐Gustin Lena 
Published: November 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 32–37

Narrative hermeneutics: in search of narrative data As human beings, we live in a storied world. This worldview requires us to think about how to re‐present it in research. My purpose with this article is to reflect upon narratives from an ontological and epistemological point of view, taking Ricoeur’s writings on narrative identity as a starting point. From this perspective, narration is an aspect of self‐interpretation and self‐understanding. Furthermore, self‐understanding is not only achieved within our own narratives, but depends upon the regard, words and actions of others. This must be accounted for in our search for narrative data. Researchers would benefit from being alert to this and also aware of how narratives are co‐authored in a dialogue with participants. Reflections on narration from this perspective could guide ethical considerations – and also methodological – as they could support questions that would create space for the narrative. Furthermore, the researcher must be aware that the quality and trustworthiness of narratives to a high degree depend on the researcher and not only on the participant.
The Position of the Occlusal Plane in Natural and Artificial Dentitions as Related to Other Craniofacial Planes
Authors: Quran Firas A.M. AL , Hazza’a Abdalla , Nahass Nabeel Al 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose: This study aimed at determining the most reliable ala‐tragus line as a guide for the orientation of the occlusal plane in complete denture patients by use of cephalometric landmarks on dentate volunteers. Materials and Methods: Analysis was made for prosthodontically related craniofacial reference lines and angles of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken for 47 dentate adults. Variables were determined and data were analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: Occlusal plane angle formed between the occlusal plane and Camper's plane had the lowest mean value in the angle formed with Camper's I, which represents the measure taken from the superior border of the tragus of the ear with a score of 2.1°. The highest was measured in the angle formed with Camper's III with a score of 6.1°, while the angle formed with Camper's II was 3.2°. The differences between the three planes in relation to the occlusal plane was significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The superior border of the tragus with the inferior border of the ala of the nose was most accurate in orienting the occlusal plane.
Canonical Valuation of Mortality‐Linked Securities
Authors: Siu‐Hang Li Johnny , Cheuk‐Yin Ng Andrew 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA fundamental question in the study of mortality‐linked securities is how to place a value on them. This is still an open question, partly because there is a lack of liquidly traded longevity indexes or securities from which we can infer the market price of risk. This article develops a framework for pricing mortality‐linked securities on the basis of canonical valuation. This framework is largely nonparametric, helping us avoid parameter and model risk, which may be significant in other pricing methods. The framework is then applied to a mortality‐linked security, and the results are compared against those derived from other methods.
Safety and Performance of a System Specifically Designed for Selective Site Pacing
Authors: ZANON FRANCESCO , SVETLICH CARLA , OCCHETTA ERALDO , CATANZARITI DOMENICO , CANTÙ FRANCESCO , PADELETTI LUIGI , SANTINI MASSIMO , SENATORE GAETANO , COMISSO JENNIFER , VARBARO ANNAMARIA , DENARO ALESSANDRA , SAGONE ANTONIO 
Published: November 2010

Introduction:
In the right ventricle, selective site pacing (SSP) has been shown to avoid detrimental hemodynamic effects induced by right ventricular apical pacing and, in the right atrium, to prevent the onset of atrial fibrillation and to slow down disease progression. The purpose of our multicenter observational study was to describe the use of a transvenous 4‐French catheter‐delivered lead for SSP in the clinical practice of a large number of centers.
Methods:
We enrolled 574 patients in whom an implantable device was indicated. In all patients, SSP was achieved by using the Select Secure System™ (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA).
Results:
In 570 patients, the lead was successfully implanted. In 125 patients, atrial SSP was performed: in 75 (60%) the lead was placed in the interatrial septum, in 31 (25%) in the coronary sinus ostium, and in 19 (15%) in the Bachman bundle. Ventricular SSP was undertaken in 138 patients: in 105 (76%) the high septal right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) position was paced, in seven (5%) the high free‐wall RVOT, in 25 (18%) the low septal RVOT, and in one (1%) the low free‐wall RVOT. In the remaining 307 patients, the His zone was paced: in 87 (28%) patients, direct His‐bundle pacing and in 220 (72%) patients para‐hisian pacing was achieved. Adequate pacing parameters and a lead‐related complication rate of 2.6% were recorded during a follow‐up of 20 ± 10 months.
Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that many sites, in the right atrium, in the right ventricle, and in His‐bundle region, can be paced using the Select Secure System™. (PACE 2011; 34:339–347)
Contact allergy to aliphatic polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene‐1,6‐diisocyanate (HDI)
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Pesonen Maria , Kuuliala Outi , Alanko Kristiina , Jolanki Riitta 
Published: November 2010

Background. Aliphatic polyisocyanates based on hexamethylene 1,6‐diisocyanate (HDI) are components of lacquers, coatings, and spray paints. They are mainly composed of HDI trimers, but also contain larger oligomers, and minute amounts of HDI monomers (<1%). HDI trimers occur as biuret, isocyanurate and asymmetrical types. Objectives. We report on 4 patients with allergic contact dermatitis/contact allergy resulting from HDI‐based polyisocyanates in polyurethane paints. Methods. The patients were examined at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2000–2009. The first two patients were diagnosed by testing with their own polyurethane hardeners and ingredients of the hardeners. In 2002, HDI isocyanurate (HDI‐IC) trimer was added to our isocyanate series, and the last two patients were screened with the series. Results. Patient no. 1 was exposed and sensitized to HDI biuret trimer, patient no. 2 to HDI‐IC trimer, and patient no. 4 to HDI asymmetrical trimer. Patient no. 3 was positive with HDI‐IC trimer. He had been handling several paint hardeners containing HDI‐based polyisocyanates, but the subtypes of the trimers remained unidentified. All 4 patients were negative with HDI monomer. Conclusions. HDI trimers are novel contact allergens in workers who handle polyurethane paints. The allergic reactions cannot be explained by sensitization to HDI monomer.