bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filth fly parasitoids on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec, Canada
Authors: Gibson G.A.P. , Floate K.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHymenopterous parasitoids of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) were surveyed during 2 years on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec near Ottawa, Ontario, using freeze-killed sentinel house fly (Musca domestica L.) pupae and naturally occurring fly pupae collected on site. Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) represented 98.3% of the natural fly hosts from which parasitoids emerged. Muscidifurax raptor Girault et Saunders, Nasonia vitripennis Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. nigra Latreille, Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh), and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae) were recovered from both sentinel and natural fly pupae. Another eight species, S. drosophilae Ashmead, S. endius Walker, S. haematobiae Ashmead, S. nigroaenea Curtis, S. subpunctata Förster, Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae), Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae), and Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae), were recovered only from natural pupae. Over the 2 years, M. raptor comprised 90.7% of emerged parasitoids from sentinel pupae but only 17.0% of emerged parasitoids from natural pupae. From natural pupae, S. cameroni, S. nigra, and S. nigroaenea collectively comprised 60.3% of emerged parasitoids; P. ?fumator comprised 13.5% and the remaining nine species 9.2%. The recoveries of S. endius and S. nigroaenea represent new distribution records for Canada, and several new host records are identified based on structure of the host fly puparium. The parasitoid fauna is compared with that known for western Canada, and recommendations are made for both regions concerning potential natural enemy enhancement for filth fly control.
Variability and inheritance of the chorionic tubercles on eggs of Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Boivin Guy , Nénon Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe tubercles present on the egg chorion of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), are described and their variability in density quantified between females. Tubercle density varied by a factor of six between females, from 19 000 to 115 000 tubercles per mm2. The average density of tubercles for a given female remained constant throughout its oviposition period. When isofemale lines were created, the average tubercle density remained constant from generation to generation, and crossing experiment suggested that tubercle density was transmitted by the female. Using isofemale lines with low and high densities of tubercles, no effect on egg survival in water or susceptibility to egg parasitism was found. Tubercle density and the heritability of this character suggest a probable reproductive advantage for females that produce eggs with this chorionic pattern even though the precise role of these traits remains to be determined.
Control of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a pest in Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies
Authors: Kwon Yong Jung , Saeed Shafqat , Duchateau Marie José 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe bumble bee Bombus terrestris L. is an important pollinator of commercial crops. Mass-rearing of bumble bees under controlled conditions is susceptible to pest outbreaks such as the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella L. This study showed that pollen collected from pollen traps at honey bee colonies can be contaminated with eggs of the Indian meal moth and that the eggs can hatch under bumble bee rearing conditions. Storage of pollen at −60 °C for more than 3 weeks can prevent an infestation of P. interpunctella in bumble bee colonies via pollen. Storage at −20 °C is less effective. Although P. interpunctella larvae slightly prefer pollen as their food source, they also feed on bumble bee pupae, especially when little pollen is present in a bumble bee colony. Spraying with the microbial insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis Aizawai at a concentration of 1 g/L water can control P. interpunctella (99.8% mortality) without harm to the bumble bee colonies. Higher concentrations have a negative impact on bumble bee colonies. Other B. thuringiensis strains, Kurstaki and Kurstaki Plus, are less effective.
Influence of burlap-band colour on larval, pupal, and egg-mass counts of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: Roden David B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the effect of the colour of burlap bands (black versus naturally coloured or tan burlap) affixed to red oak, Quercus rubra (L.) (Fagaceae), and how it influences selection of larval resting site, pupation site, and egg-mass counts of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). In field experiments with half black and half tan burlap bands, the mean number of larvae, pupae, and egg masses were significantly greater under the black section of burlap. Individual burlap bands composed of either black or tan burlap affixed to separate trees produced similar significant results for larvae and pupae. When two burlap bands composed of opposite colours (black versus tan) were affixed to the same tree, significantly more larvae were found under the upper band, regardless of colour. In contrast, pupa and egg-mass densities were significantly greater under black bands, regardless of band position.
Aleocharinae rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of the ancient Sitka spruce forest on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: new synonymy and generic considerations
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAtheta vancouveri Klimaszewski, 2002, described from Vancouver Island, is a junior synonym of Pseudota nescia Casey, 1910, described from the Queen Charlotte Islands. The combination Atheta (Pseudota) nescia (Casey, 1910) is proposed.
Pheromone released from polyvinyl chloride dispensers disrupts mate-finding and pheromone-source location by Rhopobota naevana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cranberries
Authors: Fitzpatrick Sheila M. , Troubridge James T. , Maurice Celine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBlackheaded fireworm (Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.)) mating can be disrupted by pheromone components released from spiral polyvinyl chloride (PVC) dispensers in large field plots on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon (Aiton) (Ericaceae)) farms. The main pheromone component ((Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-14:Ac)) or a blend similar to natural pheromone (Z11-14:Ac, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z9-12:Ac)) was released from PVC dispensers into 0.8-ha plots on cranberry farms. Regardless of the treatment, free-flying males in treatment plots located fewer than 5% of individually caged virgin females, whereas mate location in most control plots ranged from 14%–75%. Location of pheromone lures loaded with 1.0 mg of the three-component blend was reduced in both treatments, but not to the same extent as was location of females. The magnitude of mating disruption indicated by 0.01-mg lures was similar to that indicated by caged females. Estimated release rates from dispensers loaded with Z11-14:Ac alone were linear and similar in both years of the study, declining from 575–720 mg/ha per day to 175–220 mg/ha per day after 100 days. Three-component dispensers placed in the field in July 1994 showed a steeper decline in release rates of Z11-14:Ac and a change in component ratios from 6.2:2.5:1 to 8:2:1 (Z11-14:Ac: Z11-14:OH: Z9-12:Ac) over the 60-day release period. After one season of mating disruption, the number of eggs and the number of foliar samples with larval feeding shelters were not consistently reduced in treatment plots. Mated females may have dispersed into the plots and oviposited. PVC dispensers effectively disseminate pheromone for mating disruption but are labor-intensive to use. In the cranberry system, their use might be limited to research plots and isolated farms of <8 ha.
Identification of cocoons of Apanteles and Dolichogenidea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species attacking Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and associated Microlepidoptera
Authors: Eveleigh Eldon S. , Pollock Steven J. , Goulet Henri , Huber John 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examined the cocoons of six species of the genera Apanteles and Dolichogenidea attacking spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, and Microlepidoptera in the same microhabitat in an effort to overcome taxonomic and ecological problems associated with the identification of these species when adults fail to emerge from their cocoons. Neither cocoon length nor width nor ratio of length to width could be used to identify the six species, owing to considerable overlap in these attributes among the species and the effects of the source of the cocoons. Using a simple technique to examine webbing characteristics of the cocoons, however, we found that each species has a unique banding pattern, determined by the manner in which the density of the webbing varies along the length of the cocoon. This pattern can be used to reliably identify each species. We describe and illustrate the webbing characteristics of each species and provide an identification key based on these characteristics.
Predicting defoliation byChoristoneura biennis(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Nealis V.G. , Turnquist R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe 2-year-cycle spruce budworm,Choristoneura biennisFree. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), causes defoliation of spruce – subalpine fir forests in British Columbia, Canada. Historical and newly obtained data were used to develop a linear regression relating percent defoliation in the 2nd feeding year of the life cycle to the percentage of shoots damaged in the previous, 1st feeding year of the life cycle. The resulting regression was tested with independent data and correctly predicted (95% prediction intervals) defoliation in 14 of 15 stands. Patterns of defoliation were similar on white spruce,Picea glauca(Moench) Voss (Pinaceae), and subalpine fir,Abies lasiocarpa(Hook.) Nutt. (Pinaceae), and hence the regression can be used for either mixed or pure stands of either species.
Diapause and emergence of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Wise Ian L. , Lamb Robert J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe requirements for successful diapause of field-collected larvae and emergence of the adult wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), and its egg parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby) were investigated in the laboratory. Both species showed little decline in survival for up to 5 weeks at 20 °C in dry wheat spikes and could successfully diapause in wheat spikes at 0 °C for at least 200 d, although larvae usually drop to the soil to diapause. Both species diapaused successfully in clay loam and fine quartz sand, but survival was lower in vermiculite or coarse activated clay. Diapause was completed successfully at soil temperatures of −5 to 2.5 °C, and both species survived for at least 500 d at 2.5 °C with no increase in mortality. Larval survival declined after 120 d at −10 °C. Usually more than 95% of all surviving wheat midges emerged as adults after a single diapause period of 100 d or more, but up to 5% of wheat midges and 12%−57% of parasitoids did not emerge until they were exposed to a second cold period. Postdiapausal larvae pupated and adult wheat midges emerged at constant temperatures of 16, 20, 26, and 28 °C with no differences in mortality, although none emerged at 10 °C. The timing of wheat midge emergence was temperature dependent, requiring 306 degree-days above a threshold of 9 °C. Degree-day requirements and soil temperatures from a nearby weather station accurately predicted the average timing of emergence in the field, but not the year-to-year variation in date of 50% emergence. The wheat midge and its parasitoid are well adapted to the conditions they encounter in their range in western Canada. Methods for rearing both species through diapause and adult emergence are described.
Improved sugar delivery onto pesticide-treated spheres for controlling Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Prokopy Ronald J. , Chandler Bradley W. , Wright Starker E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn 2002, we evaluated the performance of imidacloprid-treated spheres topped by newly developed, rodent-protected, sugar/paraffin discs (that released sugar as needed, feeding stimulant onto the sphere surface) against apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). Commercial orchard plots (30 m × 30 m) surrounded by odor-baited, imidacloprid-treated, plastic spheres topped by 150-g discs (not replaced during the 12-week period of deployment) received no more immigrant adults or fruit injury than plots surrounded by odor-baited, imidacloprid-treated, wooden spheres topped by 50-g discs (replaced after 6 weeks), plots surrounded by odor-baited sticky-coated spheres, or plots sprayed two or three times with insecticide to control this insect. Approximately half of all apple maggot flies placed on imidacloprid-treated spheres not receiving additional sugar following retrieval from the plots died following exposure to spheres in the laboratory, irrespective of field-exposure duration (6, 9, or 12 weeks). Nearly all flies died when placed on orchard-exposed spheres that did receive additional sugar following retrieval. Future studies will aim at refining disc construction to ensure that all apple maggot flies alighting on imidacloprid-treated spheres will encounter feeding stimulant and be killed.
Susceptibilities of seven Brassicaceae species to infestation by the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Kalischuk A.R. , Dosdall L.M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVarious genotypes of seven species of Brassicaceae (Brassica rapa L., B. napus L., B. juncea (L.) Czern., B. nigra (L.) Koch, B. tournefortii Gouan, Sinapis alba L., Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R.E. Fries, and B. napus × S. alba) were evaluated for susceptibility to infestation by the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham). In the field, weevils were counted by excising and dissecting pod samples weekly for the presence of eggs, larvae, and larval exit holes. In the laboratory, excised pods from potted plants were exposed to gravid female weevils for 24 or 48 h and then the numbers of eggs and (or) feeding punctures were assessed. Differences in susceptibility of Brassicaceae species to the cabbage seedpod weevil were relatively consistent in both field and laboratory studies. Brassica rapa was the most susceptible. Intermediate susceptibility was observed for B. napus, B. napus × S. alba, B. tournefortii, and B. juncea, although the last species displayed some antixenotic resistance. Sinapis alba, B. nigra, and C. abyssinica were least susceptible. Pods of some species more frequently contained single, rather than multiple, larvae and this may have important implications for total yield loss, particularly in areas where opportunistic pests utilize weevil exit holes to gain access to seeds. New-generation adults fed on all Brassicaceae, and therefore all species may be susceptible to some yield loss. Canola growers in regions infested with C. obstrictus at high population densities can reduce losses by seeding S. alba, B. juncea, or a less susceptible genotype of B. napus.
Revision of the North American species of the genusEntomacis(Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)
Authors: Yoder Matthew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe species of the genusEntomacisFoerster in North America north of Mexico are revised. Nineteen species (12 new), including 8 species of the Holarctic-wideperplexaspecies group, are keyed, described, and figured. These taxa areE. ambigua(Brues),E. apopkaensissp. nov.,E. arcticasp. nov.,E. cellariasp. nov.,E. cepasp. nov.,E. eorariasp. nov.,E. floridana(Ashmead),E. grandiclavasp. nov.,E. longii(Ashmead),E. mellipetiola(Ashmead),E. parambiguasp. nov., andperplexagroup membersE. californica(Ashmead),E. microbipunctatasp. nov.,E. notioxerasp. nov.,E. oulasp. nov.,E. parvasp. nov.,E. perplexa(Haliday),E. sapratasp. nov., andE. subemarginata(Ashmead).Hemilexodes canadensis(Harrington) is synonymized underEntomacis mellipetiola(Ashmead) (syn. nov.). The status ofEntomacis latipennis(Ashmead),E. filiformis(Ashmead), andHemilexis jesseiMann is reviewed. New character complexes, particularly chaetotaxy, are emphasized for Diapriidae species taxonomy.
Prevalence of baculoviruses in spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in New Brunswick
Authors: Lucarotti Christopher J. , Eveleigh Eldon S. , Royama Tomo , Morin Benoit , McCarthy Peter , Ebling Peter M. , Kaupp William J. , Guertin Claude , Arella Max 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOutbreak and declining populations of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) were sampled extensively at three locations in New Brunswick, Canada, between 1982 and 1992 and were examined for the prevalence of granulosis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (Baculoviridae). Larvae, pupae, and adults were collected using a variety of methods. Spruce budworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (CfMNPV) genomic DNA probes and wet-mount light microscopy were used to determine CfMNPV prevalence in 50 274 juvenile spruce budworms. Spruce budworm granulosis virus (ChfuGV) genomic DNA probes were used to determine the prevalence of ChfuGV in 25 703 of these same samples. The prevalence of both viruses was low, with ChfuGV and CfMNPV not found in more than 15% and 2%, respectively, of samples in any collection in a given year. Prevalence of ChfuGV was greatest in mid- to late June in sixth-instar larvae. Each virus was detected in only two of 2177 female moths and in none of the 420 male moths examined. In the entire collection, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Reoviridae) was detected in only two budworm larvae and entomopoxvirus (Poxviridae) was not detected in any.
Some Palearctic weevils in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) recently discovered in North America
Authors: Anderson Robert S. , Korotyaev Boris A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe first fully documented North American records of the Palearctic Ceutorhynchinae weevil species Amalorrhynchus melanarius (Stephens, 1831), Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal, 1837), Pelenomus waltoni (Boheman, 1843), and Rhinoncus perpendicularis (Reiche, 1797) are presented. Characters providing for their recognition, as well as keys and habitus photographs facilitating their identification, are provided. It is likely that all four species have recently been introduced unintentionally by human activities.
Revision of the genus Hyppa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with description of a new species
Authors: Troubridge James T. , Lafontaine J. Donald 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe species of the genus Hyppa Duponchel are revised and a new species is described. Adults of all species are illustrated, as are male and female genitalia where known. A neotype is designated for Hadena ancocisconensis Morrison. The concept of Hyppa contrasta is modified from that of a southern Appalachian endemic to that of a common transcontinental species.
Fecundity and recruitment of eggs during outbreaks of the spruce budworm
Authors: Nealis V.G. , Régnière J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractField data from outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Ontario and Quebec show that current-year defoliation is the single greatest determinant of variation in fecundity. The species of tree that served as the foodplant and infections by the microsporidian Nosema fumiferanae (Thomson) (Microsporida) had little effect on mean lifetime fecundity in field populations. During a prolonged outbreak at one location (Black Sturgeon Lake, Ontario), annual lifetime fecundity was inversely related to observed defoliation in the same year, with the highest mean fecundity recorded at the beginning and the end of the outbreak when defoliation was least severe. The overall trend in yearly rate of change in egg density in a population time series at Black Sturgeon Lake was associated more closely with generational survival than with fecundity. Measured fecundity of local moths was greater than estimated per capita rates of recruitment in most years of the outbreak at Black Sturgeon Lake. This suggests that in these years of the outbreak at Black Sturgeon Lake there was a net emigration of egg-carrying moths.
The genusAlucitain North America, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae)
Authors: Landry Bernard , Landry Jean-François 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe North American fauna of Alucitidae is shown to include three widespread species:Alucita montanaBarnesetLindsey, 1921 (necCockerell),Alucita adriendenisisp. nov.(type locality: Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada), andAlucitalalanneisp. nov.(type locality: Maynooth, Ontario, Canada).Alucita hexadactyla(L., 1758) andA. huebneriWallengren, 1862 do not occur in North America. The three North American species are described and illustrated.Alucita montanais found from southwestern Quebec and Vermont, west to British Columbia, and south to Arizona, California, and Texas; its caterpillar is associated withSymphoricarposspp. (Caprifoliaceae).Alucita adriendenisiis known from northwestern Quebec and New York, west to Alberta and the Northwest Territories, with more southern populations (isolated?) in West Virginia, Arizona, and Texas; its caterpillar feeds on flowers ofLonicera dioicaL. (Caprifoliaceae) in Michigan.Alucita lalanneihas been found in Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta, Canada; its host plant is unknown.
A new species of the genus Actium (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from boreal old-growth forests of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Chandler Donald S. , Paquin Pierre 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new species, Actium abitibiense Chandler et Paquin sp. nov., is described and is associated with old-growth boreal forests in western Quebec.
PCR-based methods for identification of twoEteobaleaspecies (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) used as biocontrol agents of weedyLinariaspecies (Scrophulariaceae)
Authors: Mitchell Andrew , McClay Alec S. , Pohl Gregory R. , Sperling Felix A.H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo European species of the genusEteobaleaHodges are being tested as classical biological control agents for toadflax (Linariaspp.) in Canada. Permits for the release of these species apply only to an Italian population ofE. serratellaTreitschke and a Serbian population ofE. intermediellaRiedl. When these species are imported as larvae or pupae from an area where they are sympatric, such as around Rome, they must later be separated in the laboratory. This step is essential to establish a pure laboratory colony of the correct species, both to increase the rate of breeding success and to comply with conditions of the importation permit. Although the male and female genitalia and the egg chorion have good diagnostic characters, these characters are not useful for identifying immature stages or newly emerged adults before mating and oviposition. This problem has hampered the establishment of rearing colonies of these two species in Canada. We describe the development and application of four polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism assays that have been used to distinguish between these two species. If and when either of these species becomes established in the field, the tests presented here should also prove useful for monitoring populations.