bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny and phylogeny of Metaurostylopsis cheni sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliophora), with estimating the systematic position of Metaurostylopsis
Authors: Chen Xumiao , Huang Jie , Song Weibo 
Published: September 2010

Chen, X., Huang, J. & Song, W. (2010). Ontogeny and phylogeny of Metaurostylopsis cheni sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliophora), with estimating the systematic position of Metaurostylopsis. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 99–111.The ciliate genus Metaurostylopsis seems to be a highly divergent marine‐habiting group, of which neither systematic position nor the variation of their ontogeny has been critically checked. In the present work, the morphology and morphogenesis during asexual division of a new form, Metaurostylopsis cheni sp. n., isolated from the Yellow Sea, China, were investigated and comparison among known congeners was performed. The new species has two types of cortical granules, the larger ones of which are flattened and oval or circular in outline with a longitudinal groove, yellow–green in colour, and arranged along the cirral rows and dorsal kineties, whereas the smaller ones are colourless or grayish and sparsely distributed. The main morphogenetic features are: (i) the entire parental ciliature, including the old oral apparatus, is renewed, (ii) the oral primordium of the proter originates de novo and beneath the surface of the buccal cavity, that is, sub‐apokinetally, (iii) the anlagen of the marginal rows and of the dorsal kineties are formed intrakinetally and (iv) fusion of the macronuclear nodules results in an irregular mass with only few branches. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of M. cheni was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data shows that M. cheni clusters with all other Metaurostylopsis spp. sequenced to date indicating that the genus is monophyletic and is probably closely related to the Apokeronopsis–Thigmokeronopsis‐group, within the order Urostylida.
Environmental factors determining invasibility of urban waters for exotic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Vermonden Kim , Leuven Rob S. E. W. , Van Der Velde Gerard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim  Urbanization usually leads to biotic homogenization with a decrease in native species and increase in exotic species. We investigated whether local environmental factors in urban water bodies, such as water quality, habitat structure and biotic interactions, influenced the invasion of these systems by exotic macroinvertebrate species.Location  Urban surface water systems in lowlands of the Rhine‐Meuse delta.Methods  Presence and abundance of native and exotic macroinvertebrate species were compared between different urban water types and related to environmental variables with multivariate analysis and spearman’s correlations. Moreover, co‐existence of related native and exotic species was studied.Results  In total nine exotic species were found in the following taxa: Tricladida (1), Crustacea (5), Bivalvia (1) and Gastropoda (2). Taxonomically related native and exotic crustacean species did not seem to be influenced by competition in nutrient‐rich urban waters; most species showed high abundances. Nevertheless, two exotic crustacean species were much more abundant in waters where other crustacean species were absent, possibly filling empty niches. Native species richness and abundance was positively related to environmental heterogeneity in the form of submerged vegetation. The occurrence and abundance of most exotic species were positively related to several eutrophication indicators, such as nitrate, sludge layer and lemnid vegetation.Main conclusions  Exotic species in urban waters were mostly detritivorous or omnivorous and therefore dependent on leaf breakdown. In nutrient‐rich water systems, where food availability was high, exotic crustacean species co‐existed with native crustacean species, while in nutrient‐poor, richly vegetated systems, native Asellidae dominated exotic Asellidae. In the turbid water bodies with very little vegetation, native species richness was low and two exotic crustacean species were relatively abundant in these water systems. Invasibility of urban water systems could be reduced by stimulating the development of submerged and nymphaeid vegetation and decreasing nutrient levels.
Ranolazine selectively blocks persistent current evoked by epilepsy‐associated NaV1.1 mutations
Authors: Kahlig Kristopher M , Lepist Irene , Leung Kwan , Rajamani Sridharan , George Alfred L 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mutations of SCN1A, the gene encoding the pore‐forming subunit of the voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.1, have been associated with a spectrum of genetic epilepsies and a familial form of migraine. Several mutant NaV1.1 channels exhibit increased persistent current due to incomplete inactivation and this biophysical defect may contribute to altered neuronal excitability in these disorders. Here, we investigated the ability of ranolazine to preferentially inhibit increased persistent current evoked by mutant NaV1.1 channels.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human wild‐type (WT) and mutant NaV1.1 channels were expressed heterologously in human tsA201 cells and whole‐cell patch clamp recording was used to assess tonic and use‐dependent ranolazine block.KEY RESULTS Ranolazine (30 µM) did not affect WT NaV1.1 channel current density, activation or steady‐state fast inactivation but did produce mild slowing of recovery from inactivation. Ranolazine blocked persistent current with 16‐fold selectivity over tonic block of peak current and 3.6‐fold selectivity over use‐dependent block of peak current. Similar selectivity was observed for ranolazine block of increased persistent current exhibited by NaV1.1 channel mutations representing three distinct clinical syndromes, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (R1648H, T875M), severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (R1648C, F1661S) and familial hemiplegic migraine type 3 (L263V, Q1489K). In vitro application of achievable brain concentrations (1, 3 µM) to cells expressing R1648H channels was sufficient to suppress channel activation during slow voltage ramps, consistent with inhibition of persistent current.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings support the feasibility of using selective suppression of increased persistent current as a potential new therapeutic strategy for familial neurological disorders associated with certain sodium channel mutations.
Efficient Contests
Authors: Riis Christian 
Published: September 2010

In their seminal contribution, Lazear and Rosen (1981) show that wages based upon rank induce the same efficient effort as incentive‐based reward schemes. They also show that this equivalence result is not robust toward heterogeneity in worker ability, as long as ability is private information because it is not possible to structure contests to simultaneously satisfy self‐selection constraints and first‐best incentives. This paper demonstrates that efficiency can be achieved by a simple modification of the prize scheme in a mixed (heterogenous) contest where contestants learn their type after entry. If contestants know their type before entering the contest, rent extraction becomes an issue. Implications for optimal contest design are also explored. Finally, the relationship between effort maximizing contests and profit maximizing contests are discussed.
A split‐mouth comparative study up to 16 years of two screw‐shaped titanium implant systems
Authors: Jacobs Reinhilde , Pittayapat Pisha , Van Steenberghe Daniel , De Mars Greet , Gijbels Frieda , Van Der Donck Annelies , Li Limin , Liang Xin , Van Assche Nele , Quirynen Marc , Naert Ignace 
Published: September 2010

Jacobs R, Pittayapat P, van Steenberghe D, De Mars G, Gijbels F, Van Der Donck A, Li L, Liang X, Van Assche N, Quirynen M, Naert I. A split‐mouth comparative study up to 16 years of two screw‐shaped titanium implant systems. J Clin Periodontol 2010; doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01626.x.AbstractIntroduction: Many studies have dealt with the clinical outcome of oral implants, yet none applied a randomized split‐mouth design for a long‐term follow‐up of similar implant systems.Aim: To evaluate two oral implant systems with different surface characteristics in a randomized split‐mouth design and to radiologically analyse peri‐implant bone level and density over an up to 16‐year period.Materials and Methods: The study comprised clinical and radiographic records of 18 partially edentulous patients treated with both implant types randomly placed in either left or right jaw sides. Outcome was evaluated over time.Results: Clinical and radiographic parameters showed no significant differences over time for both systems. Ten years after implant placement, a significantly increasing peri‐implant bone density was noted, while Periotest values were found to be significantly decreasing. Fifteen years after implant loading, mean bone loss was 0.02 mm (range −1.15 to 1.51; SD 0.45) for Astra Tech® implants (n=24) and 0.31 mm (range −0.98 to 2.31; SD 0.69) for Brånemark® implants (n=23).Conclusions: The study failed to demonstrate significant differences in the outcome of the peri‐implant bone for two implant systems with different surface characteristics. The marginal bone level around oral implants changed <0.5 mm after 15 years of loading.
Identification of DeltaEF1 as a novel target that is negatively regulated by LMO2 in T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Sun Wei , Yang Shuang , Shen Wenwen , Li Huihui , Gao Yang , Zhu Tian‐Hui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe lmo2 gene is a specific oncogene in T‐cell leukemia, for its ectopic expression causes both increased pro‐T‐cell proliferation and differentiation arrest, leading to the onset of leukemia. Notably, DeltaEF1 (also known as ZEB1), a member of zinc finger‐homeodomain family transcription factor, also exhibits crucial function in promoting T‐cell differentiation. In this study, we found that DeltaEF1 was positively regulated by T‐lineage‐specific transcriptional regulator GATA3, while ectopically expressed LMO2 targeted to DeltaEF1 promoter by interaction with GATA3 and inhibited DeltaEF1 expression in transcriptional level. Moreover, LMO2 interacted with the N‐terminal zinc finger domain of DeltaEF1 protein and inhibited its positive transcriptional regulatory function by this interaction. Taken together, our findings revealed that ectopically expressed LMO2 impaired the function of DeltaEF1 in both transcriptional and protein levels and identified DeltaEF1 as a novel pathogenic target of LMO2 in T‐cell leukemia.
New evidence on the effects of international migration on the risk of low birthweight in Mexico
Authors: Sunil Thankam S. , Flores Miguel , Garcia Ginny E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide new empirical evidence linking migration of Mexican households to the USA with infant health outcomes. By using new data for Mexico, the Encuesta Nacional de la Dinamica Demografica 2006, this research focuses on the effect of migration on birth weight. Multivariate logistic regression methods are used to model low birth weight (LBW) as a function of a set of proximate, intermediate and socioeconomic determinants. In analyzing the channels through which migration affects birth outcomes, the findings provide no conclusive evidence for remittances as the only mechanism associated with lowering the odds of LBW. Given the limitations of the data, the study results showed new empirical evidence explaining the significance of both financial and social remittances associated with international migration and infant health outcomes in Mexico.
Stress testing before discharge is not required for patients with low and intermediate risk of acute coronary syndrome after emergency department short stay assessment
Authors: Rahman Fatima , Mitra Biswadev , Cameron Peter A , Coleridge John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective:  To investigate the usefulness of stress testing before discharge in patients assessed low to intermediate risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods:  A prospective observational study was undertaken of patients presenting to the ED with suspected myocardial ischaemia. After negative initial electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum troponin testing, patients were admitted to the emergency short stay unit (ESSU) for further evaluation using a chest pain protocol that included stress testing as the final risk stratification tool. The primary outcome measure was evidence of myocardial ischaemia at stress testing.Results:  Of the 300 patients enrolled and followed up, there were no deaths at 30 days and no myocardial infarcts in patients discharged from the short stay. Two patients (0.67%) had positive serum troponin levels at 6 h after the onset of chest pain and were diagnosed with non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarctions. Three patients (1%) had abnormal stress testing and were admitted to hospital from ESSU. On review, all three patients were high risk, according to The National Heart Foundation of Australia/Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand guidelines.Conclusion:  The present study showed that an ED short stay unit can effectively evaluate and manage patients with low and intermediate risk of ACS. The study suggests that patients with low and intermediate risk for ACS might safely be discharged after normal serial ECG and cardiac biomarkers, with a view to early outpatient stress testing. With strict adherence to admission criteria, there does not appear to be any benefit of stress testing before discharge.
Review article: Paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures: Emergency assessment and management
Authors: Allen Stephen R , Hang Jacqueline R , Hau Raphael C 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSupracondylar humeral fractures in children are common presentations to the ED but might be challenging to both diagnose and assess clinically. The ED has a critical role in accurately assessing the child, the limb's neurovascular status and initiating treatment. A specific approach to the clinical assessment of such a child is required as failure to detect neurovascular compromise can delay appropriate treatment and result in serious consequences. Most children can be investigated with X‐ray radiograph alone with further treatment directed by severity of the fracture, commonly described using the Gartland classification. Our review article provides an overview of supracondylar humeral fractures and a suggested clinical approach to leave the emergency physician better equipped to assess and manage these fractures.
Expansion of the alveolar bone crest in two stages: two clinical cases
Authors: Cano J. , Campo J. , Ewers R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlveolar crest expansion is a surgical approach used to remedy width defects and represents a predictable alternative procedure to guided tissue regeneration and autologous onlay grafts. Clinical and experimental results underscore the benefits of non‐mechanical implant bed preparation in bones with very low density. We report two clinical cases in which crest expansion was conducted in two stages: corticotomies in alveolar crest and then, after a 28‐day interval, crest expansion and implant placement, permitting revascularisation of the buccal cortical bone.
Phylogeographic inferences from chloroplast DNA: quantifying the effects of mutations in repetitive and non‐repetitive sequences
Authors: VACHON NICOLE , FREELAND JOANNA R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhylogeographic inference can be a powerful tool in reconstructing species’ evolutionary histories; however, although inferred phylogeographic patterns should depend in part on the underlying types and rates of mutations, the effects of different types of mutations have seldom been quantified. In this study we identified two chloroplast minisatellites in the common reed Phragmites australis, and showed that these are more variable than chloroplast microsatellites. We then recreated parsimony networks of the global phylogeography of P. australis based on data that either included or excluded repetitive sequences (minisatellites and microsatellites), thereby illustrating the influence that these repetitive sequences can have on large‐scale phylogeographic inference. The resulting networks differed in the numbers of mutational steps, degrees of uncertainty, and total numbers of haplotypes. In addition, the suggested ancestor‐descendant relationships among lineages changed substantially depending on whether repetitive sequences were included. We therefore caution against the inclusion of repetitive sequences in large‐scale networks because of their high potential for homoplasy. Nevertheless, we advocate the inclusion of repetitive sequences in other analyses: specifically, we show that the ratio of mutations in repetitive vs. non‐repetitive regions can provide insight into the relative ages of lineages.
The Multiplicity of Action of Cannabinoids: Implications for Treating Neurodegeneration
Authors: Gowran Aoife , Noonan Janis , Campbell Veronica A. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe cannabinoid (CB) system is widespread in the central nervous system and is crucial for controlling a range of neurophysiological processes such as pain, appetite, and cognition. The endogenous CB molecules, anandamide, and 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol, interact with the G‐protein coupled CB receptors, CB1and CB2. These receptors are also targets for the phytocannabinoids isolated from the cannabis plant and synthetic CB receptor ligands. The CB system is emerging as a key regulator of neuronal cell fate and is capable of conferring neuroprotection by the direct engagement of prosurvival pathways and the control of neurogenesis. Many neurological conditions feature a neurodegenerative component that is associated with excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, and certain CB molecules have been demonstrated to inhibit these events to halt the progression of neurodegeneration. Such properties are attractive in the development of new strategies to treat neurodegenerative conditions of diverse etiology, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral ischemia. This article will discuss the experimental and clinical evidence supporting a potential role for CB‐based therapies in the treatment of certain neurological diseases that feature a neurodegenerative component.
Instrumentation in single‐access laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Mori T , Aoki H , Sugiyama M , Atomi Y 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSingle‐access laparoscopic surgery is gaining wide acceptance from surgeons. Multiple instruments and the scope are inserted in a restricted area, specifically a small incision. However, the ports, instrument handles, light guide, and camera head tend to clash outside the abdomen. The rule of triangular formation is violated, causing problems that do not occur in standard laparoscopic surgery. To cope with these issues, progress has been made in the design of scopes, instruments and access devices. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of these new methods and tools, so that single‐access laparoscopic surgery becomes safer for patients and less demanding for surgeons.
TRACKING DOMAINS FOR UNSTABLE PLANTS WITH SATURATING‐LIKE ACTUATORS
Authors: Yakubovich V.A. , Nakaura S. , Furuta K. 
Published: September 2010

In many mechanical systems, the tracking control is one of the most important issues. Therefore for the unstable system subject to actuator saturation, the domain of the initial states corresponding to an arbitrary reference signal, within which tracking condition can be achieved, is interesting to be considered.In this paper, an approximate tracking domain is derived analytically. First in Theorem 1, for simple case, it is constructed by using the partial Lyapunov function and the absolute stability theory. In the following Theorems 2 and 3, a new idea is used to obtain larger domains. Finally in the last section, a simple numerical example is given.
STEERING A MOBILE ROBOT: SELECTION OF A VELOCITY PROFILE SATISFYING DYNAMICAL CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Benayad M.A. , Campion G. , Wertz V. , Achhab M.E. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe present an open loop control design allowing to steer a wheeled mobile robot along a prespecified smooth geometric path, minimizing a given cost index and satisfying a set of dynamical constraints. Using the concept of “differential flatness,” the problem is equivalent to the selection of the optimal time parametrization of the geometric path. This parametrization is characterized by a differential equation involving a function of the curvilinear coordinate along the path. For the minimum time problem, as well as for another index (such as the maximum value of the centripetal acceleration) to be minimized over a given time interval, the problem then reduces to the optimal choice of this function of the curvilinear coordinate. Using spline functions interpolation, the problem can be recast as a finite parameter optimization problem. Numerical simulation results illustrate the procedure.
A GLOBAL EXPONENTIAL OUTPUT‐FEEDBACK CONTROLLER FOR INDUCTION MOTORS
Authors: Feemster M. , Dawson D.M. , Aquino P. , Behal A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we design an output‐feedback, rotor position/rotor flux controller for the full‐order, nonlinear dynamic model of an induction motor. The singularity free controller does not require measurement of rotor flux or rotor velocity and yields global exponential rotor position and rotor flux tracking. The proposed controller is termed output‐feedback due to the inexpensive/simplistic manner in which stator current measurements can be obtained (e.g., the most primitive method of measuring current can be achieved through simple voltage measurements across known resistive elements). Experimental results are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
H∞ ALMOST DISTURBANCE DECOUPLING FOR MIMO BILINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Zheng Yufan , Ho Daniel W.C. , Lu Guoping 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe H∞ almost disturbance decoupling problem is considered. In this paper, a nonlinear design is proposed to find a state feedback controller for bilinear systems. The closed‐loop system is internally stable and achieves disturbance attenuation in nonlinear H∞ sense. We defined a special form of Lyapunov function, which is constructed in terms of one or a set of positive definite constant matrices. If, except of the origin of system, the corresponding polynomial of the positive definite matrix (or several polynomials relevant to the positive definite constant matrices) has (have) no zero on a given subset of state space, then we can construct a controller to solve our problem. It is found that the controller structure could be complicated, but is feasible in computation and may require optimization technique to search the solution. We consider both SIMO and MIMO cases with illustrated examples.
A MODIFIED METHOD FOR SUPERVISOR SPECIFICATION AND SYNTHESIS OF A CLASS OF DISCRETE EVENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Ou Yeong‐Chang , Hu Jwu‐Sheng 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a model‐refining method is proposed to alleviate the complexity involved in specification interpretation of DES control problems. The legal constraint language is defined in terms of illegal states and events in contrast with constructing the automaton of the specification language. This method could provide a more intuitive view of the DES control problem and would be suitable for practical implementation. Two examples, which have commonly been used in the literature, are employed to show the efficiency of the proposed method. Further, under this framework, it is shown that the supremal controllable sublanguage can take a simpler form based on the concept of an illegal state set. A state‐based supervisor synthesis procedure is presented, and a simple example is provided.