bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Reaction Time and Blood Lactate Concentration of Elite Volleyball Players During a Game
Authors: Mroczek Dariusz , Kawczyński Adam , Chmura Jan 
Published: July 2011

Changes of Reaction Time and Blood Lactate Concentration of Elite Volleyball Players During a Game
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in reaction time of elite volleyball players during a game. Fourteen volleyball players participated in the study. Reaction time was measured using the Optojump system. In addition, blood lactate concentration was assessed to monitor physiological load during the game. All measurements were performed during a pre-game test and during sets 1, 2, 3 and 4. Reaction time during set 1 decreased significantly by 13,3 % compared with pre-game values, from 600 ms during the pre-game test to 520 ms during set 1 (p<0,05). Blood lactate concentration increased significantly during set 1, 2, 3 and 4 compared with pre-game conditions (p<0,05). Reaction time stays in the first phase of its changes pattern and elite volleyball players do not reach psychomotor fatigue threshold throughout the game.
Functional Overreaching During Preparation Training of Elite Tennis Professionals
Authors: Thiel Christian , Vogt Lutz , Bürklein Meike , Rosenhagen Andreas , Hübscher Markus , Banzer Winfried 
Published: July 2011

Functional Overreaching During Preparation Training of Elite Tennis Professionals
This case study evaluated the response of objective and subjective markers of overreaching to a highly demanding conditioning training mesocycle in elite tennis players to determine 1) whether players would become functionally or non-functionally overreached, and 2) to explore how coherently overreaching markers would respond.
Performance, laboratory and cardiac autonomous activity markers were evaluated in three experienced male tennis professionals competing at top 30, top 100 and top 1000 level before and after their strength and conditioning training was increased by 120, 160 and 180%, respectively, for 30 days. Every week, subjective ratings of stress and recovery were evaluated by means of a questionnaire.
After 74, 76 and 55 h of training, increases in VO2max (+8, +5 and +18%) and speed strength indices (+9, +23 and +5%) were observed in all players. Changes of maximal heart rate (-5, -6, +4 beats per minute), laboratory markers (e.g. insulin-like growth factor -26, -17, -9%; free testosterone to cortisol ratio -63, +2, -12%) and cardiac autonomous activity markers (heart rate variability -49, -64, -13%) were variable among the players.
Improved performance provides evidence that overreaching was functional in all players. However, several overreaching markers were altered and these alterations were more pronounced in the two top 100 players. The response of overreaching indicators was not coherent.
Influence of the Numbers of Players in the Heart Rate Responses of Youth Soccer Players Within 2 vs. 2, 3 vs. 3 and 4 vs. 4 Small-sided Games
Authors: Dellal A , Jannault R , Lopez-Segovia M , Pialoux V 
Published: July 2011

Influence of the Numbers of Players in the Heart Rate Responses of Youth Soccer Players Within 2 vs. 2, 3 vs. 3 and 4 vs. 4 Small-sided Games
The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) responses within and between small-sided games (SSG) training methods in elite young soccer players. Twenty-seven youth soccer players (age: 16.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 174.5 ± 5.5 cm, weight: 62.9 ± 8.3, velocity at maximal aerobic speed (MAS): 15.9 ± 0.9 km.h-1) performed 3 different SSG (2 vs. 2, 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 4 without goalkeeper). In each SSG, HR was continuously measured and expressed as a mean percentage of HR reserve (%HRreserve). The mean %HRreserve calculated during the SSG was significantly lower during 4 vs. 4 (70.6 ± 5.9 %) compared to 2 vs. 2 (80.1 ± 3.6 %, p<0.001) and 3 vs. 3 (81.5 ± 4.3 %, p<0.001) SSG. Regardless of the time spent above 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90 % of HRreserve, 4 vs. 4 solicited lower percentage of time than 3 vs. 3 and 2 vs. 2. Intersubject coefficients of variation were significantly higher during 4 vs. 4 compared to 2 vs.2 and 3 vs. 3. The %HRreserve after 30s of recovery was significantly higher for 3 vs. 3 (70.6 ± 5.3 %) compared to 2 vs. 2 (65.2 ± 4.8 %, p<0.05) and 4 vs. 4 (61.6 ± 9.3 %, p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the physiological demands is higher during 2 vs. 2 and 3 vs. 3 compared to 4 vs. 4 in youth soccer players. This difference could be due to that young soccer players do not have the same technical ability and experience as adult players and thus, their activity during the 2 vs. 2 and 3 vs. 3 induces a greater physical demand due to their lack of experience. The age of the players could be linked with the physical demands within small-sided games.
Somatotype, Body Composition and Proportionality in Polish Top Greco-Roman Wrestlers
Authors: Sterkowicz-Przybycień Katarzyna , Sterkowicz Stanisław , Żarów Ryszard 
Published: July 2011

Somatotype, Body Composition and Proportionality in Polish Top Greco-Roman Wrestlers
The objective of the paper was to determine body composition and somatotype of male Greco-Roman wrestlers grouped by different weight categories and level of competition. Twenty three contestants (aged 24.9±5.5 years, training experience 13.7±5.8 years) were examined during their competitive period. They were divided into heavier (n=12) and lighter weight categories (n=11). Twelve of them took part in Olympic Qualification Tournaments, whereas six others participated in the Olympic Games in Athens. An experienced evaluator performed 10 measurements necessary to designate Heath-Carter somatotypes and additional skinfolds to estimate the percentage of body fat and body composition. Heavier wrestlers (weight=92.4 kg) exhibited more endomorphy and mesomorphy than lighter wrestlers (weight=70.1 kg). Heavier wrestlers were characterized by higher BMI, fat mass, fat percentage and fat free mass index than wrestlers in lighter weight categories. Sports level was evaluated with discriminant analysis which revealed significant results (p<0.01) with canonical correlation coefficient of 0.754, and Wilks' λ=0.431. Discriminant function=0.593774*Training Experience-0.300177*EN+0.627894*ME-0.242241*EC - 0.636081*Pelvis/Shoulder Ratio. Among the 23 observations used to fit the model, 19 (82.6%) were correctly classified. When compared with untrained subjects, wrestlers exhibited higher body mass (81.8 vs. 72.1 kg, t=3.15, p<0.01) and lower height-weight ratio (40.50 vs. 43.21, t=13.5, p<0.001). Wrestlers' somatotypes differed from those of untrained subjects (2.0-6.6-1.2 vs. 3.7-4.3-3.1). They were also characterized by lower adiposity (12.1 vs. 15.7%, t=7.84, p<0.001).
In conclusion, body build and composition in wrestlers depend on their weight category. In heavier categories, characteristic type is endomorph-mesomorph, whereas lighter weight categories are dominated by balanced mesomorph. A considerable difference in endomorphy and indices of body composition can also be observed. Higher sport experience with lower endomorphy (tendencies for lower fat content) and Pelvis/Shoulder Ratio are interrelated with higher competition level presented by wrestlers.
Anthropometric Typology of Male and Female Rowers Using K-Means Clustering
Authors: Forjasz Justyna 
Published: July 2011

Anthropometric Typology of Male and Female Rowers Using K-Means Clustering
The aim of this paper is to present the morphological features of rowers. The objective is to establish the type of body build best suited to the present requirements of this sports discipline through the determination of the most important morphological features in rowing with regard to the type of racing boat. The subjects of this study included competitors who practise rowing and were members of the Junior National Team. The considered variables included a group of 32 anthropometric measurements of body composition determined using the BIA method among male and female athletes, while also including rowing boat categories. In order to determine the analysed structures of male and female rowers, an observation analysis was taken into consideration and performed by the k-means clustering method. In the group of male and female rowers using long paddles, higher mean values for the analysed features were observed, with the exception of fat-free mass, and water content in both genders, and trunk length and horizontal reach in women who achieved higher means in the short-paddle group. On the men's team, both groups differed significantly in body mass, longitudinal features, horizontal reach, hand width and body circumferences, while on the women's, they differed in body mass, width and length of the chest, body circumferences and fat content. The method of grouping used in this paper confirmed morphological differences in the competitors with regard to the type of racing boat.
Use of New Media by Turkish Fans in Sport Communication: Facebook and Twitter
Authors: Özsoy Selami 
Published: July 2011

Use of New Media by Turkish Fans in Sport Communication: Facebook and Twitter
This research examines the use of Facebook and Twitter, two social networks, for sportive reasons in Turkey.
To this end, the literature was surveyed and a 5 Likert type data collection tool consisting of 21 questions was developed by the researcher based on the expert views. The sample of the research included 460 sport fans who are college students at Abant İzzet Baysal University and Sakarya University.
It was found in the research that 91.7% of the participants had a profile on Facebook and 13.3% had a profile on Twitter. The rate of opening an account on Twitter, which still has no version in Turkish language, was low. It was found that the fans mostly followed the official site of their favorite team on Facebook, got informed about the sports activities through Facebook and learned news, which they did not hear from other sources. It was also ascertained that male fans used social networks for sportive reasons more than female fans did (p<.05). It is possible to state that social networks such as Facebook and Twitter have become a rapidly-developing alternative medium in sports against traditional media such as newspaper and television.
Methodology for Implementing Scalable Run-Time Reconfigurable Devices
Authors: Kotynia Łukasz , Amrozik Piotr , Napieralski Andrzej 
Published: July 2011

Methodology for Implementing Scalable Run-Time Reconfigurable Devices
The aim of this paper is to present the implementation methodology for an ASIC constituting the fine-grained array of dynamically reconfigurable processing elements. This methodology was developed during the work on a device which can operate as a typical Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with some bio-inspired features or as a multi-core Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) processor. Such high diversity of possible operating modes makes the design implementation extremely demanding. As a consequence, the comprehensive study and analysis of the different possible implementation techniques in this case allowed us to formulate a consistent and complete methodology that can be applied to other systems of similar structure.
Development of Optical Fiber Technology in Poland
Authors: Dorosz Jan , Romaniuk Ryszard 
Published: July 2011

Development of Optical Fiber Technology in PolandIn this paper, the authors, chairmen of the 13th Conference on Optical Fibers and Their Applications OFA2011, and editors of the conference proceedings summarize the development of optical fiber technology in Poland (during the period of 2009-2011) on the basis of papers presented there and consecutively published in this volume. The digest is thus not full but covers the periodically presented material every 18 months during the meetings on optical fibers in Białystok-Białowieża and Lublin-Krasnobród.
On Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism in Manoeuvring Target Modelling and Tracking
Authors: Sankowski Mirosław 
Published: July 2011

On Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism in Manoeuvring Target Modelling and Tracking
The basic problem of tracking manoeuvring moving objects (e.g. aircrafts, ships) lies in unpredictability of object manoeuvres, with respect to the time of occurrence, duration and the type of trajectory. In this paper most representative methods of modelling and state estimation techniques applied to Manoeuvring Target Tracking (MTT) are briefly reviewed. Classification of existing approaches is made in the context of realistic and instrumentalistic paradigms of the philosophy of science. A practical example is also given that shows the impact of selecting models and estimation methods on the performance of the tracking filter for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar.
Application of Indexed Partition Calculus in Logic Synthesis of Boolean Functions for FPGAs
Authors: Rawski Mariusz 
Published: July 2011

Application of Indexed Partition Calculus in Logic Synthesis of Boolean Functions for FPGAsFunctional decomposition of Boolean functions specified by cubes proved to be very efficient. Most popular decom-position methods are based on blanket calculus. However computation complexity of blanket manipulations strongly depends on number of function's variables, which prevents them from being used for large functions of many input and output variables. In this paper a new concept of indexed partition is proposed and basic operations on indexed partitions are defined. Application of this concept to logic synthesis based on functional decomposition is also discussed. The experimental results show that algorithms based on new concept are able to deliver good quality solutions even for large functions and does it many times faster than the algorithms based on blanket calculus.
Parallel Computation Approaches to Optimize Learning Systems
Authors: Czyż Tomasz , Rudek Radosław , Selvaraj Henry 
Published: July 2011

Parallel Computation Approaches to Optimize Learning Systems
This paper is devoted to the total tardiness minimization scheduling problem, where the efficiency of a processor increases due to its learning. Such problems model real-life settings that occur in the presence of a human learning (industry, manufacturing, management) and in some computer systems. However, the increasing growth of significant achievements in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning is a premise that the human-like learning will be present in mechanized industrial processes that are controlled or performed by machines as well as in the greater number of multi-agent computer systems. Therefore, the optimization algorithms dedicated in this paper for scheduling problems with learning are not only the answer for present day scheduling problems (where human plays important role), but they are also a step forward to the improvement of self-learning and adapting systems that undeniably will occur in a new future. To solve the analysed problem, we propose parallel computation approaches that are based on NEH, tabu search and simulated annealing algorithms. The numerical analysis confirm high accuracy of these methods and show that the presented approaches significantly decrease running times of simulated annealing and tabu search and also reduce the running times of NEH.
Du français comme “droit” au français comme “valeur ajoutée” : de la politique à l'économique au Canada.
Authors: Heller Monica 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Le discours sur la langue a beaucoup évolué au Canada. Longtemps pensée comme un aspect parmi d’autres des critères de distinction entre groupes culturels ou « raciaux », distinction servant de principe de stratification sociale dans l’économie coloniale canadienne, la langue devient le terrain central de lutte contre la marginalisation économique chez les francophones au milieu du XXe siècle. Les revendications nationalistes québécoises ont fait du bilinguisme anglais-français une valeur centrale associée aux droits et aux obligations de la citoyenneté canadienne à partir des années 1960. Le français est traité comme un droit collectif. Ce discours existe toujours, surtout au sein des organismes étatiques québécois, mais à partir d’environ 1990, il est remplacé autant dans le discours gouvernemental fédéral, dans le milieu associatif de la francophonie des autres provinces canadiennes, qu’au sein d’une partie de la population québécoise, par un discours insistant sur le poids économique du marché francophone, sur la valeur du français et de l’authenticité culturelle francophone perçus comme biens d’échange sur le marché de la nouvelle économie mondialisée, et sur le développement économique des collectivités francophones. Dans cet article, je fournis une description de ce changement discursif à partir d’exemples tirés d’une ethnographie visant les espaces discursifs institutionnalisés au centre de la production de discours sur la francophonie au Canada. Je termine en soulevant des questions concernant ce que ce changement peut vouloir dire pour la reproduction de la catégorie « francophone » conçue en tant qu’élément de l’organisation de la division du travail au Canada.
Néolibéralisme, inégalités sociales et plurilinguisme : l'exploitation des ressources langagières et des locuteurs
Authors: Duchêne Alexandre 
Published: July 2011

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence la manière dont le plurilinguisme émerge comme une valeur marchande au sein de la nouvelle économie globalisée. Plus spécifiquement, cet article cherche à explorer les liens entre les structures de marché du néo-libéralisme, mais aussi les idéologies et les pratiques du capitalisme tardif, et les formes de valorisation et de dévalorisation des langues et des locuteurs. Pour ce faire, je m’appuierai sur une ethnographie d’une compagnie de gestion des passagers et des bagages située dans un aéroport international en Suisse. Je montrerai la manière dont ces institutions de pouvoir “exploitent” les compétences langagières de leurs employé-e-s les moins qualifié-e-s à des fins de productivité et de flexibilité. Je mettrai en évidence comment les compétences langagières des migrants en particulier constituent un atout dans les processus de recrutement, mais aussi et surtout comment ces compétences se trouvent utilisées par ces entreprises, sans que les producteurs de ces ressources (à savoir les travailleurs/travailleuses) n’en retirent de bénéfices, que ce soit en termes salarial ou de mobilité professionnelle. Cette étude me conduira à poser l’argument que le plurilinguisme émerge alors comme une composante centrale de la productivité, mais aussi de la flexibilité des espaces de travail. Qu’au lieu d’être diabolisé, le plurilinguisme est fondamentalement reconnu comme un apport pour l’entreprise, mais – et ceci s’avère fondamental – qu’il profite avant tout aux institutions de pouvoir lorsque celles-ci y trouvent un intérêt économique.
Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Uncontrolled Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Goldenfeld Modi , Geyer Orna , Segev Eitan , Kaplan-Messas Audrey , Melamed Shlomo 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess the efficacy and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in uncontrolled pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty-seven eyes (57 patients) with uncontrolled PEXG and intra-ocular pressure (IOP) greater than 23 mm Hg underwent SLT. All received ophthalmic evaluation preoperatively and at intervals postoperatively. IOP was measured at 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. During follow-up, patients were treated with topical anti-glaucoma medications as necessary.

RESULTS:

One year postoperatively, mean IOP in all patients decreased from 26.01 ± 2.5 to 17.8 ± 2.8 mm Hg (31.5%;
P
< .001). Mean medications per patient decreased from 2.8 to 2.3. Complications included conjunctival redness and infection within 1 day postoperatively in 30 eyes (67%). One hour after SLT treatment, an increase in IOP greater than 5 mm Hg was detected in two eyes (3.5%) and resolved within 24 hours with topical medication.

CONCLUSION:
SLT is safe and effective in patients with PEXG.
Ocular Surface Changes After Lateral Rectus Muscle Recession
Authors: Jeon Sohee , Park Shin Hae , Choi Jun-Sub , Shin Sun Young 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the changes in the integrated ocular surface/lacrimal gland unit after strabismus surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The authors prospectively studied 23 patients undergoing lateral rectus muscle recession via fornix incision. At 1 week preoperatively and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months postoperatively, McMonnies’ dry eye questionnaire, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal and conjunctival sensitivity with an esthesiometer, tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test, and impression cytology were performed. Impression cytology was performed in the inferotemporal and superotemporal bulbar conjunctiva and the goblet cell density (GCD) was measured.

RESULTS:

McMonnies’ dry eye questionnaire scores increased significantly after surgery (
P
< .05 at 7 days and 1, 2, and 3 months) and returned to baseline at 4 months postoperatively. A temporary increase in corneal staining was observed, but it returned to baseline by 2 months. The tear film break-up time score was decreased at 1 week postoperatively and recovered slowly, but did not return to normal by 4 months. GCD in the inferotemporal area was significantly decreased until 2 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:
Tear film instability resulted from GCD depletion and conjunctival sensitivity could be one of the causative factors of ocular irritation symptoms after strabismus surgery. The ocular surface parameters returned to baseline at 4 months postoperatively.
Modulation of Inflammasome Pathways by Bacterial and Viral Pathogens
Authors: Lamkanfi Mohamed , Dixit Vishva M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Inflammasomes are emerging as key regulators of the host response against microbial pathogens. These cytosolic multiprotein complexes recruit and activate the cysteine protease caspase-1 when microbes invade sterile tissues or elicit cellular damage. Inflammasome-activated caspase-1 induces inflammation by cleaving the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into their biologically active forms and by releasing the alarmin HMGB1 into the extracellular milieu. Additionally, inflammasomes counter bacterial replication and clear infected immune cells through an inflammatory cell death program termed pyroptosis. As a countermeasure, bacterial and viral pathogens evolved virulence factors to antagonize inflammasome pathways. In this review, we discuss recent progress on how inflammasomes contribute to host defense against bacterial and viral pathogens, and we review how viruses and bacteria modulate inflammasome function to their benefit.
Introduction - Les enfants à haut potentiel : comment les identifier, les caractériser et les éduquer ?
Authors: Grégoire Jacques 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Depuis une dizaine d’années, les enfants à haut potentiel retiennent l’attention des médias. Cette situation contraste avec le peu de recherches scientifiques consacrées à ces mêmes enfants. Pourtant, les questions relatives au haut potentiel qui mériteraient des études rigoureuses sont nombreuses. Ces questions peuvent être rangées en quatre catégories. La première concerne l’identification du haut potentiel. Les nouveaux tests d’intelligence et les modèles récents du haut potentiel ont en effet remis en question la référence au seul critère du QI. Un second ensemble de questions a trait à la compréhension même du haut potentiel et de son développement : quels sont les facteurs favorisant ou entravant le déploiement de potentialités exceptionnelles ? Une troisième catégorie de questions a trait aux caractéristiques psychologiques, relationnelles et scolaires qui y sont associées. Enfin, une quatrième catégorie concerne l’éducation des enfants à haut potentiel, les actions éducatives les plus pertinentes et leur degré d’efficacité.