bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved survival in red blood cell transfusion dependent patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) receiving iron chelation therapy
Authors: Leitch Heather A. , Chase Jocelyn M. , Goodman Trisha A. , Ezzat Hatoon , Rollins Meaghan D. , Wong Dominic H.C. , Badawi Maha , Leger Chantal S. , Ramadan Khaled M. , Barnett Michael J. , Foltz Lynda M. , Vickars Linda M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMany patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) become red blood cell (RBC) transfusion dependent (TD), risking iron overload (IOL). Iron chelation therapy (ICT) may decrease the risk of haemosiderosis associated organ dysfunction, though its benefit in PMF is undefined. To assess the effect of TD and ICT on survival in PMF, we retrospectively reviewed 41 patients. Clinical data were collected from the database and by chart review. The median age at PMF diagnosis was 64 (range 43–86) years. Median white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis was 7.6 (range 1.2–70.9) × 109/L; haemoglobin 104 (62–145) G/L; platelets 300 (38–2088) × 109/L. Lille, Strasser, Mayo and International Prognostic System (IPS) scores were: low risk, n = 15, 8, 11, 3; intermediate, n = 15, 19, 9, 16; high, n = 5, 11, 5, 7; respectively. Primary PMF treatment was: supportive care, n = 23; hydroxyurea, n = 10; immunomodulatory, n = 4; splenectomy, n = 2. Sixteen patients were RBC transfusion independent (TI) and 25 TD; of these 10 received ICT for a median of 18.3 (0.1–117) months. Pre‐ICT ferritin levels were a median of 2318 (range 263–8400) and at follow up 1571 (1005–3211 µg/L (p = 0.01). In an analysis of TD patients, factors significant for overall survival (OS) were: WBC count at diagnosis (p = 0.002); monocyte count (p = 0.0001); Mayo score (p = 0.05); IPS (p = 0.02); number of RBC units (NRBCU) transfused (p = 0.02) and ICT (p = 0.003). In a multivariate analysis, significant factors were: NRBCU (p = 0.001) and ICT (p = 0.0001). Five year OS for TI, TD‐ICT and TD‐NO ICT were: 100, 89 and 34%, respectively (p = 0.003). The hazard ratio (HR) for receiving >20 RBCU was 7.6 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 1.2–49.3) and for ICT was 0.15 (0.03–0.77). In conclusion, 61% of PMF patients developed RBC‐TD which portended inferior OS; however patients receiving ICT had comparatively improved OS, suggesting a clinical benefit. Prospective studies of IOL and the impact of ICT in PMF are warranted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transit time evaluation using a chloride concentration input step shift after forest cutting in a Japanese headwater catchment
Authors: Oda Tomoki , Asano Yuko , Suzuki Masakazu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMean transit times were estimated for a small headwater catchment in Japan (the Fukuroyamasawa Experimental Watershed) using the step shift in input chloride (Cl−) concentrations that occurred immediately after an episode of forest clear‐cutting. Measured Cl− concentrations in stream water began to decrease immediately after clear‐cutting, and this trend continued for 6 years. Before clear‐cutting, the input Cl− concentrations were controlled by wet and dry deposition processes, and most of the dry Cl− deposition was collected by the forest canopy and reached the ground as throughfall and stemflow. After clear‐cutting, dry deposition was no longer collected by the canopy in this way, thus causing a sharp decrease in input Cl− concentrations. By comparing measured Cl− concentrations in stream water with estimates based on the input and evaporative Cl− concentrations, it was shown that the decrease in stream water Cl− concentrations was caused mainly by this step shift in the Cl− input. It was proposed that the change in Cl− concentrations after forest cutting could be used to represent the replacement of ‘old’ water that existed before cutting by ‘new’ water that was supplied after cutting. The breakthrough curve for the new water fraction gave an approximately exponential distribution of transit times in flow‐corrected time. The mean flow‐corrected transit time was estimated as 1068 days (runoff: 3497 mm). It was therefore concluded that the step change in input Cl− concentrations immediately following forest clear‐cutting could be successfully used to estimate transit times for the entire catchment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term clinical evaluation and SEM analysis of the e‐PTFE and titanium membranes in guided tissue regeneration
Authors: Toygar Hilal Uslu , Guzeldemir Esra , Cilasun Ulkem , Akkor Didem , Arpak Nejat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim: This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of titanium membrane and compare these findings with clinical outcomes of e‐PTFE membrane, and to investigate the effect of bacterial contamination on both membranes with SEM during long‐term healing. Results: Sixteen titanium and sixteen e‐PTFE membranes were surgically placed adjacent to periodontally involved teeth. Seven titanium and 8 e‐PTFE membranes were exposed between 4 and 6 weeks. There were no significant difference between groups for plaque and gingival index. Probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were decreased in both groups when compared with baseline; however, these differences were not statistically significant. The CAL gains between the groups were statistically different in 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, and 24th months (p < 0.05), and the CAL gain was significantly higher in titanium membrane (p < 0.05). There was significant decrease in bleeding on probing from baseline in both groups (p < 0.05). Surfaces of 15 membranes were studied using SEM. The largest amount of bacteria was found on the external cervical surfaces of 15 exposed specimens. The entire surface showed the presence of slough epithelial cells, leukocytes, red blood cells, yeast, and microbial plaque. Thirteen external mid surfaces of the 15 specimens, external apical surfaces of three e‐PTFE and 1 titanium membrane, internal collar surfaces of all specimens, internal mid surfaces of 5 e‐PTFE and three titanium membranes and internal apical surface of only one e‐PTFE membrane were infected. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that titanium membrane is equivalent to e‐PTFE membranes for GTR in the treatment of periodontal defects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Ionic liquids in the selective recovery of fat from composite foodstuffs
Authors: Lateef Huma , Grimes Sue , Kewcharoenwong Pajaree , Bailey Elena 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ionic liquids (ILs) are able to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules and have potential application in the separation and recovery of valuable components from wastes. The potential for ILs to separate sugar and fat from food waste is demonstrated using chocolate as a model system.RESULTS: The ILs 1‐(2‐cyanoethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (cyanoMIMBr), 1‐propyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (propylMIMBr), 1‐hexylpyridinium bromide (hexylPyrBr) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (butylMIMCl) were synthesised by microwave technology and fully characterised by mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetery, thin layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The solubilities of the fat and carbohydrate components in the ILs are reported for the two main ingredients in chocolate. CyanoMIMBr and propylMIMBr selectively solubilise sugar leaving the fat insoluble. Both cyanoMIMBr and propylMIMBr have been used to successfully separate sugars and cocoa butter fat from white, milk and dark chocolate and the Fourier transform infrared spectra and thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimeter profiles of the extracted fat samples are in good agreement with reference material data.CONCLUSIONS: The ILs cyanoMIMBr and propylMIMBr are successful in the separation and recovery of fat from white, milk and dark chocolate, as confirmed by FTIR and TG‐DSC data. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative anatomy of internal incubational sacs in cupuladriid bryozoans and the evolution of brooding in free‐living cheilostomes
Authors: Ostrovsky Andrew N. , O'Dea Aaron , Rodríguez Felix 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNumerous gross morphological attributes are shared among unrelated free‐living bryozoans revealing convergent evolution associated with functional demands of living on soft sediments. Here, we show that the reproductive structures across free‐living groups evolved convergently. The most prominent convergent traits are the collective reduction of external brood chambers (ovicells) and the acquisition of internal brooding. Anatomical studies of four species from the cheilostome genera Cupuladria and Discoporella (Cupuladriidae) show that these species incubate their embryos in internal brooding sacs located in the coelom of the maternal nonpolymorphic autozooids. This sac consists of a main chamber and a narrow neck communicating to the vestibulum. The distal wall of the vestibulum possesses a cuticular thickening, which may further isolate the brood cavity. The presence of this character in all four species strongly supports grouping Cupuladria and Discoporella in one taxon. Further evidence suggests that the Cupuladriidae may be nested within the Calloporidae. Based on the structure of brooding organs, two scenarios are proposed to explain the evolution of the internal brooding in cupuladriids. The evolution of brood chambers and their origin in other free‐living cheilostomes is discussed. Unlike the vast majority of Neocheilostomina, almost all free‐living cheilostomes possess nonprominent chambers for embryonic incubation, either endozooidal and immersed ovicells or internal brooding sacs, supporting the idea that internal embryonic incubation is derived. We speculate that prominent skeletal brood chambers are disadvantageous to a free‐living mode of life that demands easy movement through sediment in instable sea‐floor settings. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo kinematics and kinetics of a bi‐cruciate substituting total knee arthroplasty: A combined fluoroscopic and gait analysis study
Authors: Catani Fabio , Ensini Andrea , Belvedere Claudio , Feliciangeli Alessandro , Benedetti Maria Grazia , Leardini Alberto , Giannini Sandro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAfter total knee arthroplasty, changes in articular surface geometry, soft tissue treatment, and component alignment can alter normal lower limb function. The guided motion bi‐cruciate substituting prosthesis was designed specifically to restore physiological knee joint motion. We determined whether this design could in vivo normal kinematics and kinetics, not only at the replaced knee, but also throughout both lower limbs. Sixteen patients (4 male, 12 female, mean age of 68.2 years with a range from 58 to 79 years) with primary knee osteoarthritis were implanted with the bi‐cruciate substituting prosthesis. At 6‐month follow‐up, knee joint kinematics was assessed by video‐fluoroscopy during stair‐climbing, chair‐rising/sitting, and step‐up/down. Lower limb overall function was also assessed on the same day by standard gait analysis with simultaneous electromyography during level walking. By video‐fluoroscopy, mean anteroposterior translations between femoral and tibial components during the three motor tasks were 9.7 ± 3.0, 10 ± 2.6, and 6.9 ± 3.5 mm on the medial compartment, and 14.3 ± 3.5, 18.5 ± 3.0, and 13.9 ± 3.8 mm on the lateral compartment, respectively. Axial rotation ranged from 5.6° to 26.2°. Gait analysis revealed restoration of nearly normal walking patterns in most patients. This rare combination of measurements, i.e., accurate rotation‐translation at the replaced knee and complete locomotion patterns at both lower limb joints, suggested that bi‐cruciate substituting arthroplasty can restore physiological knee motion and normal overall function. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1569–1575, 2009
The effect of surface variability factors on wind‐erosion susceptibility: A field study in SW Niger
Authors: Maurer Thomas , Herrmann Ludger , Stahr Karl 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of several surface treatments and factors that influence wind‐erosion susceptibility were measured with the means of a mobile wind tunnel. The test surfaces are situated in the SW part of the Republic of Niger in W Africa. The measurement program included the determination of total and dust‐mass fluxes and surface‐specific wind‐erosion parameters like aerodynamic roughness and friction velocities. Different treatments and variations were investigated on one typical and common sand surface type: different densities of stone cover, different kinds of millet‐residue alignments, and different topsoil humidities as well as the effect of different densities of fallow vegetation. The on‐site experiments in a controlled wind‐tunnel environment allowed the observation of effects that were only scarcely described in wind‐erosion literature. Increased stone cover resulted in increased emission due to increased turbulence and channelling effect, in spite of increased surface roughness. Millet‐residue alignment in transversal orientation to the wind direction resulted in far higher emission reduction as documented in the literature. Topsoil humidity, though far above the known threshold for erosion, could not completely inhibit particle entrainment because of the quick development of a thin superficial layer of dry particles.
Carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption during the early decomposition of different litter types over a range of temperatures in soil‐inoculated quartz sand
Authors: Hoffmann Bastian , Müller Torsten , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOat straw, hay, and alfalfa litter, differing in microbial colonization and recalcitrance, were added to organic matter–free quartz sand (5 mg C [g material]–1) and incubated in the laboratory at 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C. Different incubation periods were chosen so that theoretically the same amounts of CO2would be produced and the same amounts of O2would be consumed for each litter type. It was investigated whether Q10values (change in respiration rate between two temperatures) increase with decreasing temperature and how much these Q10values and also the respiratory quotient (RQ: mol CO2/mol O2) depend on the litter type. The sums of CO2‐C evolved and O2consumed, but also the contents of microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N showed a nearly 7‐fold increase in the order oat straw < hay < alfalfa litter. In contrast, the ratio of the fungal cell‐membrane component ergosterol to microbial biomass C was highest in the oat straw (4.1‰) and lowest in the alfalfa litter (0.2‰). This ratio reached a similar level between 5°C and 15°C (1.9‰), significantly higher (p= 0.01) than the level at 20°C (0.9‰). Respiration was similar between 20°C and 25°C, with a mean Q10value of 1.9. The use of temperature rate‐modifying factors suggested by the carbon‐turnover model ROTHC revealed that the incubation period for similar respiration rates was underestimated at 5°C and overestimated at 25°C. The lignin‐poor and protein‐rich alfalfa litter showed the highest Q10values of the three litter types in the medium temperature range of 10°C to 20°C. In contrast, the lignin‐rich and protein‐poor oat straw showed significantly highest Q10values at 5°C and 25°C in comparison with the other two litter types. The RQ was significantly highest in the hay litter (1.05) and in comparison with alfalfa litter (0.97) and oat straw (0.92). Strong temperature‐dependent variations in Q10values and respiratory quotients suggest interactions between litter quality, microbial colonization of litter, and temperature, which warrants further investigation.
Development of novel species‐specific primers for species identification of the Lactobacillus casei group based on RAPD fingerprints
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hsun , Lee Fwu‐Ling 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: It is difficult to clearly distinguish and identify specific species of the Lactobacillus casei group using phenotypic and genotypic (16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis) techniques alone. Some species of this group are probiotic and are widely used in the food and feed industries. The objective of this study was to develop species‐specific primers based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting for species identification within the closely related L. casei group of bacteria.RESULTS: Three random primers termed OPT‐14, OPA‐11 and OPT‐16 were developed for analysis. The primer pairs each produced a species‐specific band found only in the tested Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans and Lactobacillus zeae isolates respectively. These specific fragments were then sequenced for further analysis. The species‐specific primers were designed according to cloned sequencing, which was employed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the template DNA of Lactobacillus strains. Single 102, 179 and 451 bp species‐specific bands were found only in L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei subsp. tolerans and L. zeae respectively.CONCLUSION: Using PCR, the novel species‐specific primers have been shown to rapidly, accurately and effectively identify species of L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei subsp. tolerans and L. zeae from within the L. casei group of probiotic bacteria. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Rehabilitation of bilaterally paralyzed canine larynx with implantable stimulator
Authors: Zealear David L. , Kunibe Isamu , Nomura Kenichiro , Billante Cheryl , Singh Vikas , Huang Shan , Bekeny James , Choksi Yash , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Katada Akihiro 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Bilateral stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles offers a physiologic approach to rehabilitate ventilation to a normal level in case of bilateral laryngeal paralysis. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new generation stimulator in restoring glottal opening, ventilation, and exercise tolerance.Study Design:A prospective study in three canines over 6 to 17 months.Methods:A Genesis XP stimulator and electrodes were surgically implanted, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves sectioned/repaired bilaterally. In bimonthly sessions, vocal fold movement was measured endoscopically in the anesthetized animal. The movement resulted from PCA stimulation or hypercapnea during spontaneous breathing. Exercise tolerance was measured on a treadmill using pulse oximetry and swallowing function examined by videofluoroscopy.Results:During the denervation phase, there was minimal ventilatory compromise and near normal exercise tolerance with the device off (12 minutes, up to 8 mph). PCA stimulation produced only nominal abduction. During the reinnervation phase, synkinetic reinnervation became significant with narrowed passive airway and paradoxical closure of the glottis during hypercapnea. Animals were stridorous and could walk for only 1 to 2 minutes at 4 mph. With the device activated, bilateral PCA stimulation increased glottal area from 50 mm2 to 250 mm2, even during hypercapnea, equaling that of a normally innervated animal. Exercise tolerance was normal. There was no evidence of aspiration during deglutition.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that severe ventilatory compromise only occurs following faulty reinnervation of laryngeal muscles. Bilateral PCA stimulation can result in complete rehabilitation of ventilation and exercise tolerance without impairment of swallowing. Laryngoscope, 2009
Prediction of deep neck abscesses by contrast‐enhanced computerized tomography in 76 clinically suspect consecutive patients
Authors: Freling Nicole , Roele Elise , Schaefer‐Prokop Cornelia , Fokkens Wytske 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Contrast‐enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) has become the imaging method of choice in patients with clinical suspicion of a deep neck abscess. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the predictive value of the diagnosis of deep neck abscess using CECT.Study Design:Retrospective chart review study over a 5‐year period from 2002 to 2007 by a blinded observer.Methods:CECT examinations of patients with clinical suspicion of a deep neck abscess were reviewed for the presence of fluid collections, rim enhancement, and abnormal air collections, which we considered as indicative for an abscess. Additionally, the location and extension of the abnormalities were documented.Results:In this series of 76 patients, 61 adults and 15 children, fluid collections with complete or partial rim enhancement were seen in 65 patients. In two patients large abnormal air collections were seen with nonenhancing fluid accumulation in all deep spaces. Final diagnosis was confirmed by surgery in 57 patients. In 36 patients, two or more adjacent compartments were involved. Nine patients with an abscess were treated successfully by intravenous antibiotics only. The positive predictive value (PPV) for the presence of an abscess was 82% (53/65) if all radiological signs were included. The PPV was 67% (8/12) for fluid collections without rim enhancement. Air within or adjacent to a fluid collection or excessive free air between the fascias indicated an abscess in all cases. Negative predictive value (prediction of no abscess) was 100%.Conclusions:The predictive value of the diagnosis deep neck abscess by CECT is high, with a PPV of 82%. The presence of air indicates abscess in all cases. Laryngoscope, 2009
Poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) Incorporating Sterically Enshrouding m‐Terphenyl Oxacyclophane Canopies
Authors: Morgan Brad P. , Gilliard Robert J. , Loungani Rahul S. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA sterically encumbered m‐terphenyl oxacyclophane substituted with two aryl iodide substituents has been prepared as a versatile monomer for the preparation of π‐conjugated polymers. The monomer has been used to prepare a poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) derivative (P1) incorporating oxacyclophane units as canopies that shield one side of the π‐system from inter‐chain interactions. The photophysical properties of P1 in dilute solution compare well to those of a poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene) derivative (P2) that lacks the canopy. The presence of the steric canopy leads to a diminished inter‐chain interaction in the solid state and enhances the kinetic response of P1 to vapors of nitro‐organics such as TNT, presumably by increasing the permeability of P1 to these analytes over that of P2.magnified image
Inhibition of lung cancer growth in mice by dietary mixed tocopherols
Authors: Lambert Joshua D. , Lu Gang , Lee Mao‐Jung , Hu Jennifer , Ju Jihyeung , Yang Chung S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTocopherols are lipophilic antioxidants found in vegetable oils. Here, we examined the growth inhibitory effect of a γ‐tocopherol‐enriched tocopherol mixture (γTmT) against CL13 murine lung cancer cells grown in culture and as subcutaneous tumors in A/J mice. We found γTmT had no effect after 2 days and weakly inhibited the growth of CL13 in culture after 5 days (28% growth inhibition at 80 μM). Dietary treatment with 0.1 and 0.3% γTmT for 50 days inhibited the growth of CL13 tumors in A/J mice by 53.9 and 80.5%, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed an increase in tumor necrosis compared to control tumors (80 and 240% increase by 0.1 and 0.3% γTmT, respectively). Dietary treatment with γTmT dose‐dependently increased γ‐ (10.0–37.6‐fold) and δ‐tocopherol (8.9–26.7‐fold) in the tumors of treated mice compared to controls. Dietary treatment with γTmT also increased plasma γ‐ (5.4–6.7‐fold) and δ‐tocopherol (5.5–7‐fold). Whereas others have demonstrated the cancer preventive activity of γTmT against mammary and colon cancer, this is the first report of growth inhibitory activity against lung cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms for this anticancer activity, and to determine if such activity occurs in other models of cancer.