bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting viral vectors to deliver genome editing reagents in plants
Authors: Shen Yilin , Ye Tao , Li Zihan , Kimutai Torotwa Herman , Song Hao , Dong Xiaoou , Wan Jianmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenome editing holds great promise for the molecular breeding of plants, yet its application is hindered by the shortage of simple and effective means of delivering genome editing reagents into plants. Conventional plant transformation-based methods for delivery of genome editing reagents into plants often involve prolonged tissue culture, a labor-intensive and technically challenging process for many elite crop cultivars. In this review, we describe various virus-based methods that have been employed to deliver genome editing reagents, including components of the CRISPR/Cas machinery and donor DNA for precision editing in plants. We update the progress in these methods with recent successful examples of genome editing achieved through virus-based delivery in different plant species, highlight the advantages and limitations of these delivery approaches, and discuss the remaining challenges.
Low-velocity impact behavior of two-way SFRC slabs strengthened with steel plate
Authors: Al-Hagri Mohammed Gamal , Döndüren M. Sami , Yılmaz Tolga , Anıl Özgür , Erol Hakan , Şengel Hasan Selim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStructural systems and structural elements can often suffer severe damage or even completely collapse under the effect of sudden dynamic impact loading, which is a different type of loading that is not considered during their design. Research on how structures behave under impact loading and how they can be strengthened to perform better against this type of loading has increased to avoid such undesirable severe damage. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to improve the behavior and increase the performance of two-way steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) slabs, one of the leading structural elements that can be affected by impact loading, using steel fiber concrete (SFC) and placing steel plates on the surface of the RC slab. Within the scope of the study, the effects of placing FRC as layers in different positions within the slab and placing the steel plate on different surfaces of the slabs were examined. Impact loading was applied using a drop weight test setup designed by the authors, and the acceleration–time, displacement–time, and impact loading–time behaviors of the RC slabs were measured and interpreted. The use of fiber concrete in RC slabs and strengthened with steel plates increased the maximum acceleration values by an average of 3% and 113%, respectively. The use of fiber concrete in RC slabs reduced the maximum displacement and residual displacement values by an average of 2% and 25%, respectively. Placing steel plates on the slabs reduced the maximum displacement and residual displacement values by an average of 270% and 199%, respectively. In addition, the energy absorption capacities of RC slabs were calculated, and how they were affected by experimental variables was examined. Numerical analyses of the RC slabs tested in the study were also conducted using ABAQUS finite element software, and the results obtained were compared with the experimental ones.
Real estate developments in residential architecture: a case study of Jeddah
Authors: Shatwan Alaa M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHome should be a place for social activities that satisfy both physical and social needs. Real estate developers in Jeddah currently show little consideration for cultural and social patterns of users in residential interior layouts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate apartments released by real estate developers in Jeddah from users’ perspectives. Qualitative and quantitative approaches are applied through in-depth interviews with 21 participants. The interviews investigate participants’ satisfaction, desire to make changes, reasons for making changes, and reasons for not making changes. This study finds that the majority of participants want to make changes to the layout of their homes owing to social activities. The SPSS analysis shows that most participants are less satisfied with the home layouts of RED than homes that are self-built, with a statistical significance of P = 0.002. This study recommends that RED companies should consider open spaces when designing apartments for sale so as to allow users to divide the interior layouts of reception and living zones according to their needs. In order to achieve this by RED, the study recommends more study by electrical engineer for electricity switches location, architects for window location, and construction engineers for column arrangement.
Canonical Forms of Neural Ideals
Authors: Geller Hugh , R.G. Rebecca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeural ideals, originally defined in Curto et al., give a way of translating information about the firing pattern of a set of neurons into a pseudomonomial ideal in a polynomial ring. We give a simple criterion for determining whether a neural ideal is in canonical form, along with an improved algorithm for computing the canonical form of a neural ideal.
3D visualization of hurricane storm surge impact on urban infrastructure
Authors: Ye Xinyue , Li Shoujia , Gao Ge , Retchless David , Cai Zhenhang , Newman Galen , Du Jiaxin , Duffield Nick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs climate change intensifies, resulting in more severe rainfall events, coastal cities globally are witnessing significant life and property losses. A growingly crucial component for flood prevention and relief are urban storm flood simulations, which aid in informed decision-making for emergency management. The vastness of data and the intricacies of 3D computations can make visualizing the urban flood effects on infrastructure daunting. This study offers a 3D visualization of the repercussions of hurricane storm surge flooding on Galveston, TX residences, illustrating the impact on each structure and road across varied storm conditions. We employ target detection to pinpoint house door locations, using door inundation as a metric to gauge potential flood damage. Within a GIS-based framework, we model the damage scope for residences exposed to varying storm intensities. Our research achieves three core goals: 1) Estimating the storm inundation levels on homes across different storm conditions; 2) Assessing first-floor elevations to categorize housing damages into three distinct groups; and 3) Through visualization, showcasing the efficacy of a proposed dike designed to shield Galveston Island from future storm surge and flood events.
Analyzing the evolution of machine learning integration in educational research: a bibliometric perspective
Authors: Ayanwale Musa Adekunle , Molefi Rethabile Rosemary , Oyeniran Saheed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMachine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has experienced rapid advancements and applications across various domains. In education, its integration holds great potential to revolutionize teaching, learning, and educational outcomes. Despite the growing interest, there needs to be more comprehensive bibliometric analyses that track the trajectory of machine learning’s integration into educational research. This study addresses this gap by providing a nuanced perspective derived from bibliometric insights. Using a dataset from 1986 to 2022, consisting of 449 documents from 145 sources retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS), the research employs network analysis to unveil collaborative clusters and identify influential authors. A temporal analysis of annual research output sheds light on evolving trends, while a thematic content analysis explores prevalent research themes through keyword frequency. The findings reveal that co-authorship network analysis exposes distinct clusters and influential figures shaping the landscape of machine learning in educational research. Scientific production over time reveals a significant surge in research output, indicating the field’s maturation. The co-occurrence analysis emphasizes a collective focus on student-centric outcomes and technology integration, with terms like “online” and “analytics” prevailing. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the collaborative and thematic fabric characterizing machine learning in educational research. The implications derived from the findings guide strategic collaborations, emphasizing the importance of cross-disciplinary engagement. Recommendations include investing in technological infrastructure and prioritizing student-centric research. The study contributes foundational insights to inform future endeavors in this ever-evolving field.
Point-prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in intensive care units in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Sabin , Dahal Agnimshwor , Paneru Hem Raj , Thapa Astha , Bhusal Surendra , Shakya Roshni , Luitel Subekshya , Koirala Kanchan , Aryal Diptesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and practices of antibiotic use in intensive care units (ICUs) in Nepal and to identify potential areas for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs.

Design:
A point prevalence survey was conducted to characterize and quantify the antimicrobial utilization in level III ICUs of Nepal.

Methods:
Data on antibiotic prescription rates, reasons for prescribing antibiotics, and prescribing practices were collected and analyzed. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was also assessed.

Results:
The antibiotic prescribing rate was found to be very high, with 92.85% of patients in ICU on antibiotics. Prolonged surgical prophylaxis was the most common reason for prescribing antibiotics. Empirical therapy accounted for 67.5% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Prescribing practices were poor, with low adherence to guidelines and best practices. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were commonly used even for surgical prophylaxis or community-acquired infections. High resistance was observed against commonly used antibiotics.

Conclusions:
The study underscores the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship programs in ICUs of Nepal. Implementing robust stewardship programs could help optimize antibiotic utilization, improve patient outcomes, and combat the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. The findings serve as a stepping stone toward understanding and improving antibiotic prescribing practices in ICUs of Nepal.
Buffalo Bill's Wild West, cowboys, and the fate of the western in Italy
Authors: Bonifazio Paola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the first tour of Buffalo Bill's Wild West in Italy and the so-called ‘sfida dei butteri’ (the challenge of the Italian cowboys of the Pontine marshes), which took place in Rome in March 1890. Analysing nineteenth-century Italian newspapers and photographs, I demonstrate that populist, anti-capitalist, and anti-American sentiments marked the Italian media's responses to the American show. In the historical context of Italy's socioeconomic crisis and of the first phase of colonial expansion in Africa (1870–1922), the mixed reception of Buffalo Bill's Wild West, amplified by the media event of the sfida, shaped the fate of the western genre in Italy.
Growth of hypercyclic functions: a continuous path between $\mathcal{U}$-frequent hypercyclicity and hypercyclicity
Authors: Mouze Augustin , Munnier Vincent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe are interested in the optimal growth in terms of Lp-averages of hypercyclic and $\mathcal{U}$-frequently hypercyclic functions for some weighted Taylor shift operators acting on the space of analytic functions on the unit disc. We unify the results obtained by considering intermediate notions of upper frequent hypercyclicity between $\mathcal{U}$-frequent hypercyclicity and hypercyclicity.
Frequency-specific analysis of hearing outcomes after surgery for chronic ear diseases
Authors: Cai Liangxuan , Wang TaiQin , Sun Huanhuan , Qiu Jinqing , Liu Jianzhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between different surgical factors and frequency-specific hearing results following surgery for chronic ear disorders.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively data of 246 patients with chronic ear diseases who had surgery between January 2019 and December 2020. Seventy-three patients did not fulfil the criteria and were excluded. Air-conduction threshold, bone-conduction threshold and air–bone gap were tested at 250–4000 Hz, respectively. Frequency-specific results were investigated in relation to various surgical factors.ResultsThe radical mastoidectomy group and tympanoplasty group significantly improved in air-conduction threshold changes at every frequency. In the tympanoplasty group, air–bone gap at all frequencies except 4000 significantly improved. Air-conduction threshold improved at low and middle frequencies when ossicular reconstruction was conducted. In all groups, bone-conduction threshold data revealed significant improvements at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz.ConclusionsHearing improved significantly post-operatively in air-conduction threshold and air-bone gap test, mainly at low and middle frequencies. Bone-conduction threshold improved significantly at 500–2000 Hz.
L2 language development in oral and written modalities
Authors: Son Myeongeun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether second language (L2) learners’ language development and accuracy in production are comparable across oral and written modalities on the basis of Pienemann’s processability theory (PT). Eighty-seven English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, from high beginner to advanced levels, completed comparable speaking and writing tasks designed to elicit particular morphosyntactic structures predicted by PT to correspond to L2 stages of development. Time constraints encouraged participants to respond spontaneously, thus drawing on implicit knowledge. Implicational scaling shows correlations that suggest comparable language development between the modalities. However, accuracy was higher earlier in the written than in the oral modality, and accuracy in the written modality was more stable. The results provide a clearer understanding of the similarities and differences of L2 oral and written development and demonstrate that PT can be applied to L2 writing.
The “Life” of the Mind: Persons and Survival
Authors: Harris John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA life of the mind can be lived only by creatures who know that they have minds. We call these creatures “persons,” and currently, all such persons THAT we know OF are “alive” in the biological sense. But are there, or could there be, either in the future or elsewhere in the universe, creatures with “a life of the mind” that are not “alive” in the sense that we humans usually understand this term today?
Most High Mountainous Areas Around the World Present Elevation‐Dependent Aridification After the 1970s
Authors: Ma Jiapei , Wang Genxu , Sun Shouqin , Li Jinlong , Huang Peng , Guo Linmao , Li Kai , Lin Shan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research on the trends of mountainous aridity and the issue of elevation‐dependent aridity (EDA) has long been hindered by limitations in data validity. In this study, we present global monthly merged data sets of Vapor Pressure Deficit and Aridity Index (AI) from 1960 to 2020, aiming to detect and attribute elevation‐dependent patterns of atmospheric and soil aridity in six representative high mountainous areas worldwide. Our findings reveal that most of the mountainous regions experienced significant aridification after the 1970s (p < 0.05). The Rocky Mountains and Ethiopian Highlands are identified as the most vulnerable areas, with both atmospheric and soil aridity increasing by 13% across all elevation gradients. Significant humidification has been observed only in High Asian Regions at 4,000 m above sea level with an approximate decrease of 11% in soil AI. In both temporal and spatial patterns, soil aridity exhibits stronger heterogeneity compared to atmospheric aridity, with certain regions and seasons showing humidification, despite the overall aridification trend. Elevation‐dependent aridity is observed in two‐thirds of the mountains, but whether high altitude alleviates or amplifies aridity depends on the pattern of precipitation changes at different elevations. The rise in air temperature is the primary driving factor for soil and atmospheric aridification, contributing to over 50% of each. In two‐thirds of the regions, changes in precipitation exacerbate soil aridity. Simulations show that human activities are closely related to the ongoing prolonged atmospheric aridification. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of global mountainous aridity evolution projected under climate change.
Controls on the Respiration of Ancient Carbon Draining From Permafrost Soils Into Sunlit Arctic Surface Waters
Authors: Rieb E. C. , Polik C. A. , Ward C. P. , Kling G. W. , Cory R. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe thawing of ancient organic carbon stored in arctic permafrost soils, and its oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO2, a greenhouse gas), is predicted to amplify global warming. However, the extent to which organic carbon in thawing permafrost soils will be released as CO2 is uncertain. A critical unknown is the extent to which dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from thawing permafrost soils is respired to CO2 by microbes upon export of freshly thawed DOC to both dark bottom waters and sunlit surface waters. In this study, we quantified the radiocarbon age and 13C composition of CO2 produced by microbial respiration of DOC that was leached from permafrost soils and either kept in the dark or exposed to ultraviolet and visible wavelengths of light. We show that permafrost DOC most labile to microbial respiration was as old or older (ages 4,000–11,000 a BP) and more 13C‐depleted than the bulk DOC in both dark and light‐exposed treatments, likely indicating respiration of old, 13C‐depleted lignin and lipid fractions of the permafrost DOC pool. Light exposure either increased, decreased, or had no effect on the magnitude of microbial respiration of old permafrost DOC relative to respiration in the dark, depending on both the extent of DOC oxidation during exposure to light and the wavelength of light. Together, these findings suggest that photochemical changes affecting the lability of permafrost DOC during sunlight exposure are an important control on the magnitude of microbial respiration of permafrost DOC in arctic surface waters.
DNMT1 regulates human erythropoiesis by modulating cell cycle and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a stage-specific manner
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Chen Lixiang , Zhang Hengchao , Li Mengjia , Sun Lei , Wu Xiuyun , Zhao Huizhi , Qu Xiaoli , An Xiuli , Wang Ting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dynamic balance of DNA methylation and demethylation is required for erythropoiesis. Our previous transcriptomic analyses revealed that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is abundantly expressed in erythroid cells at all developmental stages. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of DNMT1 in human erythropoiesis remain unknown. Here we found that DNMT1 deficiency led to cell cycle arrest of erythroid progenitors which was partially rescued by treatment with a p21 inhibitor UC2288. Mechanically, this is due to decreased DNA methylation of p21 promoter, leading to upregulation of p21 expression. In contrast, DNMT1 deficiency led to increased apoptosis during terminal stage by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a p21 independent manner. ER stress was attributed to the upregulation of RPL15 expression due to the decreased DNA methylation at RPL15 promoter. The upregulated RPL15 expression subsequently caused a significant upregulation of core ribosomal proteins (RPs) and thus ultimately activated all branches of unfolded protein response (UPR) leading to the excessive ER stress, suggesting a role of DNMT1 in maintaining protein homeostasis during terminal erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, the increased apoptosis was significantly rescued by the treatment of ER stress inhibitor TUDCA. Our findings demonstrate the stage-specific role of DNMT1 in regulating human erythropoiesis and provide new insights into regulation of human erythropoiesis.
Identification of a family of species-selective complex I inhibitors as potential anthelmintics
Authors: Davie Taylor , Serrat Xènia , Imhof Lea , Snider Jamie , Štagljar Igor , Keiser Jennifer , Hirano Hiroyuki , Watanabe Nobumoto , Osada Hiroyuki , Fraser Andrew G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSoil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are major pathogens infecting over a billion people. There are few classes of anthelmintics and there is an urgent need for new drugs. Many STHs use an unusual form of anaerobic metabolism to survive the hypoxic conditions of the host gut. This requires rhodoquinone (RQ), a quinone electron carrier. RQ is not made or used by vertebrate hosts making it an excellent therapeutic target. Here we screen 480 structural families of natural products to find compounds that kill Caenorhabditis elegans specifically when they require RQ-dependent metabolism. We identify several classes of compounds including a family of species-selective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory complex I. These identified complex I inhibitors have a benzimidazole core and we determine key structural requirements for activity by screening 1,280 related compounds. Finally, we show several of these compounds kill adult STHs. We suggest these species-selective complex I inhibitors are potential anthelmintics.
Bacteroidota inhibit microglia clearance of amyloid-beta and promote plaque deposition in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models
Authors: Wasén Caroline , Beauchamp Leah C. , Vincentini Julia , Li Shuqi , LeServe Danielle S. , Gauthier Christian , Lopes Juliana R. , Moreira Thais G. , Ekwudo Millicent N. , Yin Zhuoran , da Silva Patrick , Krishnan Rajesh K. , Butovsky Oleg , Cox Laura M. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe gut microbiota and microglia play critical roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and elevated Bacteroides is correlated with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau levels in AD. We hypothesize that Bacteroides contributes to AD by modulating microglia. Here we show that administering Bacteroides fragilis to APP/PS1-21 mice increases Aβ plaques in females, modulates cortical amyloid processing gene expression, and down regulates phagocytosis and protein degradation microglial gene expression. We further show that administering Bacteroides fragilis to aged wild-type male and female mice suppresses microglial uptake of Aβ1-42 injected into the hippocampus. Depleting murine Bacteroidota with metronidazole decreases amyloid load in aged 5xFAD mice, and activates microglial pathways related to phagocytosis, cytokine signaling, and lysosomal degradation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that members of the Bacteroidota phylum contribute to AD pathogenesis by suppressing microglia phagocytic function, which leads to impaired Aβ clearance and accumulation of amyloid plaques.