bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between impaired fasting glucose and self‐reported sleep quality in a Chinese population
Authors: Hung Hao‐Chang , Yang Yi‐Ching , Ou Horng‐Yih , Wu Jin‐Shang , Lu Feng‐Hwa , Chang Chih‐Jen 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObjectiveDecreased sleep quality and duration predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is an established risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited research on the association between prediabetes and sleep quality. The aim of this study is to investigate this relationship in a Chinese population.MethodsSubjects were recruited from the Prevention Health Center of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Anthropometric data and metabolic parameters were measured. The diagnoses of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes followed the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).ResultsA total of 1805 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 1217), IFG (n = 118), IGT (n = 287), IFG+IGT (n = 80) and newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD, n = 103) were recruited. The global PSQI scores were 6·07 ± 2·44, 6·74 ± 3·23, 6·91 ± 3·51, 6·74 ± 2·26 and 7·16 ± 3·49 in subjects with NGT, IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that female gender, smoking, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, but not IFG, were independent determinants of global PSQI score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, but not IFG, were predictors of poor sleepers.ConclusionsSubjects with prediabetes and NDD had a significantly higher global PSQI score than those with NGT. Furthermore, female gender, smoking, IGT, IFG+IGT and NDD, but not IFG, were significantly associated with poor sleep quality independent of cardiometabolic risk factors in a Chinese population.
Full waveform inversion in the time lapse mode applied to CO2 storage at Sleipner
Authors: Queißer Manuel , Singh Satish C. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTCarbon capture and storage is a viable greenhouse gas mitigation technology and the Sleipner CO2 sequestration site in the North Sea is an excellent example. Storage of CO2 at the Sleipner site requires monitoring over large areas, which can successfully be accomplished with time lapse seismic imaging. One of the main goals of CO2 storage monitoring is to be able to estimate the volume of the stored CO2 in the reservoir. This requires a parametrization of the subsurface as exact as possible. Here we use elastic 2D time‐domain full waveform inversion in a time lapse manner to obtain a P‐wave velocity constrain directly in the depth domain for a base line survey in 1994 and two post‐injection surveys in 1999 and 2006. By relating velocity change to free CO2 saturation, using a rock physics model, we find that at the considered location the aquifer may have been fully saturated in some places in 1999 and 2006.
Application of multi‐source waveform inversion to marine streamer data using the global correlation norm
Authors: Choi Yunseok , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTConventional multi‐source waveform inversion using an objective function based on the least‐square misfit cannot be applied to marine streamer acquisition data because of inconsistent acquisition geometries between observed and modelled data. To apply the multi‐source waveform inversion to marine streamer data, we use the global correlation between observed and modelled data as an alternative objective function. The new residual seismogram derived from the global correlation norm attenuates modelled data not supported by the configuration of observed data and thus, can be applied to multi‐source waveform inversion of marine streamer data. We also show that the global correlation norm is theoretically the same as the least‐square norm of the normalized wavefield. To efficiently calculate the gradient, our method employs a back‐propagation algorithm similar to reverse‐time migration based on the adjoint‐state of the wave equation. In numerical examples, the multi‐source waveform inversion using the global correlation norm results in better inversion results for marine streamer acquisition data than the conventional approach.
Tiller demography in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) swards as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, sowing method and grazing management
Authors: Scheneiter O. , Améndola C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTall fescue is an important temperate grassland species globally, but in many regions the effects of drought, heat and poor grazing management, reduce its persistence in summer. Furthermore, poor ground cover and low tiller population density (TP) in winter result in low radiation capture and thus limited potential to increase the low growth rates at that time. Knowledge of the effect of fertilization, defoliation managements and establishment methods on demography of tall fescue would help to improve sward management for better persistence and winter growth. Accordingly, an experiment was carried out in Pergamino, Argentina, to study the effects of two N‐ fertilizer levels, two grazing frequencies and two seeding row arrangements upon tall fescue TP demography. Herbage mass, tiller appearance (TA) and death rates were measured over 3 years. Seasonal fluctuations in TA and death rates determined well‐defined periods of increase and decrease in TP density. Maximum values were found at the end of winter and minimum ones at the end of spring, after the reproductive period. Nitrogen shortage and high herbage mass limited TA. Tiller death rate followed TA rate and was affected by nitrogen supply and defoliation frequency in the same way that TA was. Sowing arrangement affected tiller demography at the beginning of the experiment.
Effect ofLolium perennesward density on productivity under simulated and actual cattle grazing
Authors: Creighton P. , Gilliland T. J. , Delaby L. , Kennedy E. , Boland T. M. , O’Donovan M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to quantify the effect of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.; PRG) sward density on seasonal and total DM yield under simulated grazing and animal grazing by cattle, and to assess the effectiveness of visually estimated ground scores (GSs) for predicting sward PRG density. The study incorporated five different seeding rates of PRG, each replicated three times, to simulate swards ranging in PRG density typical of different ages and conditions. There was no significant difference between defoliation managements for total DM yield, but sward PRG density had a significant effect on both the seasonal and total DM herbage yield under both systems. Under simulated grazing, total DM yield ranged from 10·7 to 12·0 t DM ha−1with increasing sward PRG density at a GS range of 1·70–4·28 (mean of 2 years’ data,P < 0·01). Under animal grazing, the yield range was from 10·3 to 12·2 t DM ha−1for a GS range of 1·50–3·39 (mean of 2 years’ data,P < 0·01). The largest differences in DM yield occurred during the spring period. The relationship between sward DM yield and GS was significant (P < 0·001) for both simulated and animal‐grazed swards. Each unit increase in midseason GS (June) related to an average yield increase of 350 kg DM ha−1under simulated grazing and a 721 kg DM ha−1increase under cattle grazing. Every unit increase in the GS at the end of the grazing season (December) was associated with a 460 or 1194 kg DM ha−1increase under simulated and animal grazing, respectively. These results show that visual estimates of density were an effective tool in describing PRG density and that this could be related to DM yield potential. Further investigations may provide a threshold value below which the renewal of swards could be advised based on a visual GS of PRG.
Mandibular first molars with disto‐lingual roots: review and clinical management
Authors: Abella F. , Patel S. , Durán‐Sindreu F. , Mercadé M. , Roig M. 
Published: May 2012

Abella F, Patel S, Durán‐Sindreu F, Mercadé M, Roig M. Mandibular first molars with disto‐lingual roots: review and clinical management. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 963–978, 2012.AbstractThe purpose of this review was (i) to conduct a literature review on the prevalence and morphologic classification of mandibular first molars with disto‐lingual (DL) roots, and (ii) to discuss the clinical approach to diagnosis and root canal treatment of these teeth. A search was carried out on electronic (MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane) and hand databases, which covered all publications from 1970 to December 2011. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies and recorded type of study, origin and sample sizes, number of teeth with three roots and type of root canal configuration. Forty‐five studies were identified with a total of 19 056 mandibular first molar teeth. The frequency of DL roots was 14.4% and was associated with certain ethnic populations. The most common canal configuration of mesial and distal roots was Vertucci types IV and I, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of DL roots according to gender. Variable results related to side were observed as well as a trend in bilateral occurrence. The root length of the DL roots was in general shorter than that of the disto‐buccal roots (DB). Most DL roots had a greater angle of curvature and a smaller radius of curvature in a bucco‐lingual orientation. The best methods to identify DL roots are a 25° mesial parallax periapical radiograph or cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). A trapezoidal shape access cavity is desirable to locate the orifice of the DL canal. Clinicians should be aware of the variable furcation levels during coronal pre‐flaring or post‐space preparation to avoid furcal/strip perforations and a weakening of DL roots.
The design and development of surgical templates for premolar transplants in adolescents
Authors: Day P. F. , Lewis B. R. K. , Spencer R. J. , Barber S. K. , Duggal M. 
Published: May 2012

Day PF, Lewis BRK, Spencer RJ, Barber SK, Duggal M. The design and development of surgical templates for premolar transplants in adolescents. International Endodontic Journal., 45, 1042–1052, 2012.AbstractThe aim of designing and fabricating the surgical templates was to assist the surgical component of premolar transplantation, by establishing and replicating the root dimensions of the donor premolar tooth. The correct template could be used to assess the socket preparation (width and depth) prior to placement of the transplant in the recipient site, obviating the need to repeatedly try the donor tooth for fit at the recipient site, thereby minimising trauma to the periodontal ligament of the donor tooth. Seventy‐five mandibular premolars and 50 maxillary second premolars were selected with varying stages of root development. All teeth had been extracted for orthodontic reasons. The root was measured for its length (maxL) and maximum (maxW) and minimum width (minW) with digital callipers from standardised reference points. These measurements were then used in the design of premolar transplant templates. The mean measurements for second maxillary premolars were maxL 14.6 mm (±1.7), maxW 8.3 mm (±0.5) and minW 4.9 (±0.3). The mean measurements for mandibular premolars were maxL 14.8 (±1.6), maxW 7.4 (±0.6) and minW 5.3 (±0.5). From these measurements, a range of maxillary second premolar and mandibular premolar templates have been fabricated. These figures also inform the multidisciplinary planning process for the space requirements at the donor site prior to transplantation.
Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: CORRÊA‐FARIA PATRÍCIA , MARTINS‐JÚNIOR PAULO A. , VIEIRA‐ANDRADE RAQUEL G. , OLIVEIRA‐FERREIRA FERNANDA , MARQUES LEANDRO S. , RAMOS‐JORGE MARIA L. 
Published: May 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 173–179
Background:  Studies on the prevalence of enamel defects in the primary dentition as a whole are scarce, as most investigations examine specific population groups.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel defects in primary teeth and determine whether prematurity, birthweight, and socio‐demographic variables are associated with such defects.Design:  A cross‐sectional study was carried out with 381 children aged 3–5 years. Data were collected through clinical examinations and interviews with parents during the National Immunisation Day. The diagnosis of enamel defects was performed using the Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index. Through interviews, information was collected on socio‐demographic aspects, pregnancy, birthweight, prematurity, and breastfeeding. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for Windows and involved descriptive analysis, Fisher’s exact test, the chi‐square test, and Poisson regression.Results:  The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 29.9%. Demarcated opacity was the most frequent type of defect. Children with a history of very low birthweight had a greater prevalence of enamels defects (PR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.66–4.61). Prematurity and socio‐demographic variables were not associated with enamel defects.Conclusion:  Children with a history of very low birthweight had a greater frequency of enamel defects in primary teeth.
Compensatory immigration depends on adjacent population size and habitat quality but not on landscape connectivity
Authors: Turgeon Katrine , Kramer Donald L. 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Populations experiencing localized mortality can recover in the short term by net movement of individuals from adjacent areas, a process called compensatory immigration or spillover. Little is known about the factors influencing the magnitude of compensatory immigration or its impact on source populations. Such information is important for understanding metapopulation dynamics, the use of protected areas for conservation, management of exploited populations and pest control.2. Using two small, territorial damselfish species (Stegastes diencaeus and S. adustus) in their naturally fragmented habitat, we quantified compensatory immigration in response to localized mortality, assessed its impact on adjacent source populations and examined the importance of potential immigrants, habitat quality and landscape connectivity as limiting factors. On seven experimental sites, we repeatedly removed 15% of the initial population size until none remained and immigration ceased.3. Immigrants replaced 16–72% of original residents in S. diencaeus and 0–69% in S. adustus. The proportion of the source population that immigrated into depleted areas varied from 9% to 61% in S. diencaeus and from 3% to 21% in S. adustus. In S. diencaeus, compensatory immigration was strongly affected by habitat quality, to a lesser extent by the abundance of potential immigrants and not by landscape connectivity. In S. adustus, immigration was strongly affected by the density of potential migrants and not by habitat quality and landscape connectivity. On two control sites, immigration in the absence of creation of vacancies was extremely rare.4. Immigration occurred in response to localized mortality and was therefore compensatory. It was highly variable, sometimes producing substantial impacts on both depleted and source populations. The magnitude of compensatory immigration was influenced primarily by the availability of immigrants and by the potential improvement in territory quality that they could achieve by immigrating and not by their ability to reach the depleted area.
Exploiting uncertain ecological fieldwork data with multi‐event capture–recapture modelling: an example with bird sex assignment
Authors: Genovart Meritxell , Pradel Roger , Oro Daniel 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Sex plays a crucial role in evolutionary life histories. However, the inclusion of sex in demographic analysis may be a challenge in fieldwork, particularly in monomorphic species. Although behavioural data may help us to sex individuals in the field, this kind of data is unlikely to be error free and is usually discarded.2. Here we propose a multi‐event capture–recapture model that enables us to exploit uncertain field observations regarding the sex of individuals based on behavioural or morphological criteria. The multi‐event capture–recapture model allows us to account for sex uncertainty not restricting our ability to estimate the parameters of interest. In this case, by adding the confirmed sex of just a few individuals, we greatly improve the efficiency of the optimization algorithm.3. Using such an approach, we analysed sex differences in demographic parameters (e.g. survival, transience and sex ratio) in a population of Audouin’s gulls using observations from long‐term fieldwork monitoring (1988–2007). We also assessed the probability of ascertaining sex over time and the probability of error for each field‐sexing criterion.4. We detected no strong effect of sex on either survival or transience probabilities, and both sexes showed a decreasing trend in survival over time and transience probability after recruitment increased with age and over time. The probability of ascertaining sex over time depended on observers’ experience. Strikingly, courtship feeding (but not copulation) emerged as the most reliable clue for sexing individuals, which would suggest that Audouin’s gulls engage in same‐sex sexual behaviour such as same‐sex mounting.5. The present modelling emerged as a reliable method for estimating demographic parameters and state transition parameters in ecological studies in which field observations of sex or other individual states are assigned erroneously and uncertainly. This approach could also be useful for applied ecologists for assessing the reliability of their criteria for assigning sex or other individual covariates in the field, thereby permitting them to optimizing their field ecological protocols.
Conspecific cues and breeding habitat selection in an endangered woodland warbler
Authors: Farrell Shannon L. , Morrison Michael L. , Campomizzi Andrew J. , Wilkins R. Neal 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Research on habitat selection has focused on the role of vegetative and geologic characteristics or antagonistic behavioural interactions.2. Conspecifics can confer information about habitat quality and provide positive density‐dependent effects, suggesting habitat selection in response to the presence of conspecifics can be an adaptive strategy.3. We conducted a manipulative field experiment investigating use of conspecific location cues for habitat selection and consequent reproductive outcomes for the endangered golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia). We investigated the response in woodlands across a range of habitat canopy cover conditions typically considered suitable to unsuitable and using vocal cues presented during two time periods: pre‐settlement and post‐breeding.4. Warblers showed a strong response to both pre‐settlement and post‐breeding conspecific cues. Territory density was greater than four times higher in treatment sample units than controls. The magnitude of response was higher for cues presented during the pre‐settlement period. Positive response to conspecific cues was consistent even in previously unoccupied areas with low canopy cover typically considered unsuitable, resulting in aggregations of warblers in areas generally not considered potential habitat.5. Pairing and reproductive success of males was not correlated with canopy cover, as commonly thought. Pairing success and fledging success increased with increasing territory density suggesting that conspecific density may be more important for habitat selection decisions than the canopy cover conditions typically thought to be most important. These results suggest the range of habitat within which birds can perform successfully may be greater than is typically observed.6. Our results suggest the territory selection process may not be substantially influenced by competition in some systems. Settlement in response to conspecific cues produced aggregations within larger areas of similar vegetative characteristics. Understanding what cues drive habitat selection decisions and whether these cues are correlated with habitat quality is critical for conserving fitness‐enhancing habitats, avoiding creation of ecological traps, generating accurate predictions of species distributions and understanding how occupancy relates to habitat suitability.
Population density but not stability can be predicted from species distribution models
Authors: Oliver Tom H. , Gillings Simon , Girardello Marco , Rapacciuolo Giovanni , Brereton Tom M. , Siriwardena Gavin M. , Roy David B. , Pywell Richard , Fuller Robert J. 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Species distribution models (SDMs) are increasingly used in applied conservation biology, yet the predictive ability of these models is often tested only on detection/non‐detection data. The probability of long‐term population persistence, however, depends not only upon patch occupancy but upon more fundamental population parameters such as mean population density and stability over time.2. Here, we test estimated probability of occurrence scores generated from SDMs built using species occupancy data against independent empirical data on population density and stability for 20 bird and butterfly species across 1941 sites over 15 years. We devised a measure of population stability over time which was independent of mean density and time‐series duration, yet positively correlated with risk of local extinction. This may be a useful surrogate measure of population persistence for use in applied conservation.3. We found that probability of occurrence scores were significantly positively correlated with mean population density for both butterflies and birds. In contrast, probability of occurrence scores were at best weakly positively correlated with population stability. Referring to established ecological theory, we discuss why SDMs may be appropriate for predicting population density but not stability.4. Synthesis and applications.Species distribution models are often constructed using species occupancy data because, for the majority of species and regions, these are the best data available. The models are then often used for projecting species’ distributions in the future and identifying areas where management could be targeted to improve species’ prospects. However, our results suggest that an overreliance on these SDMs may result in an exclusive focus on landscape management approaches that promote patch occupancy and density, but may overlook features important for long‐term population persistence such as population stability. Other landscape metrics that take into account habitat heterogeneity or configuration may be required to predict population stability. To understand species persistence under rapid environmental change, count data from standardised monitoring schemes are an invaluable resource. These data provide additional insights into the factors affecting species’ extinction risks, which cannot easily be inferred from species’ occupancy data.