bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐use efficiency traits of mini‐watermelon in response to grafting and nitrogen‐fertilization doses
Authors: Colla Giuseppe , Rouphael Youssef , Mirabelli Cristina , Cardarelli Mariateresa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to study the effect of grafting on nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) in mini‐watermelon plants. In the first study, mini‐watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus [Thumb.] Matsum. and Nakai cv. Minirossa) either ungrafted or grafted onto Macis, Vita (Lagenaria siceraria [Mol.] Standl.), PS1313, and RP15 (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) rootstocks grown in hydroponics were compared in terms of shoot dry biomass, leaf area, root‐to‐shoot ratio, SPAD index, shoot N uptake, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity 40 d after transplantation in response to nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution (0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM of NO$ _3^- $). In the second experiment, the suitability of a selected rootstock with high NUE (Vita) to improve crop performance and NUE of grafted mini‐watermelon plants was evaluated under field conditions. In the hydroponic experiment mini‐watermelon grafted onto Vita rootstock needed the lowest nitrate concentration (1.31 mM of NO3) in the nutrient solution to reach half maximum shoot dry weight. Total leaf area, SPAD index, and shoot N uptake increased in response to an increase of N concentration in the nutrient solution. At 2.5 mM NO$ _3^- $, mini‐watermelon grafted on either Vita or RP15 had the highest NR activity whereas no significant difference was observed at 10 mM NO$ _3^- $. The open‐field study indicated that increasing N‐fertilization rates from 0 to 100 kg ha–1 improved total and marketable yields of mini‐watermelon plants while decreasing NUE. When averaged over N levels, the marketable yield, NUE, N‐uptake efficiency, and N‐utilization efficiency were significantly higher by 39%, 38%, 21%, and 17%, respectively, in Minirossa grafted onto Vita compared to ungrafted Minirossa plants. Therefore, grafting mini‐watermelon plants onto selected rootstocks can be used as a quick and effective method for improving productivity and NUE.
Block alternating splitting implicit iteration methods for saddle‐point problems from time‐harmonic eddy current models
Authors: Bai Zhong‐Zhi 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYFor the saddle‐point problems arising from the finite element discretizations of the hybrid formulations of the time‐harmonic eddy current problems, we establish a class of block alternating splitting implicit iteration methods and demonstrate its unconditional convergence. Experimental results are given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of this class of iterative methods when they are employed as preconditioners for Krylov subspace methods such as GMRES and BiCGSTAB. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density functional theory study of the regio‐ and stereoselectivity of diels–alder reactions of 5‐Aryl‐2‐pyrones
Authors: Chemouri Hafida , Mekelleche Sidi Mohamed 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA theoretical study of the mechanism and regio‐ and stereoselectivity of Diels–Alder reactions of 5‐aryl‐2‐pyrones (Ar = Ph, 4‐(MeS)‐Ph) with substituted alkenes (CHZ = CH2, Z = COMe, OAc) is performed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. The analysis of the relevant stationary points of the potential energy surface and intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations show that these cycloadditions are undergoing through asynchronous concerted mechanisms yielding to the formation of the 5‐endo isomers as the major cycloadducts. The calculation of activation and reaction energies indicates that the 5‐endo cycloadducts are favored both kinetically and thermodynamically. The obtained results are in good agreement with experimental outcomes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
First‐principles simulations of two photon absorption spectra of dynamic structural chromophores in green fluorescent protein
Authors: Zhang M. ‐Y. , Wang J. ‐Y. , Lin C. ‐S. , Cheng W. ‐D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe bridge photoisomerization of the chromophores of fluorescent proteins has been suggested as the possible mechanism of radiationless decay in fluorescent proteins. It indicates that this internal structure changing of chromophores great influence the optical properties of fluorescent proteins. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) properties of fluorescent proteins might also be influenced by the bridge photoisomerization of the chromophores. In this work, we simulate the dynamic conformations through rotating the bridge bond of chromophore of green fluorescent protein, and employ the time dependent density functional theory combining with the sum‐over‐states method to study their TPA characters. With our study, we find that the TPA characters of chromophore will be improved through controlling rotation of the bridge bond of chromophore. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study of methoxy group influence in the gas‐phase elimination kinetics of methoxyalkyl chlorides
Authors: Brea Oriana , Loroño Marcos , Marquez Edgar , Mora Jose R. , Cordova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe unimolecular gas‐phase elimination kinetics of 2‐methoxy‐1‐chloroethane, 3‐methoxy‐1‐chloropropane, and 4‐methoxyl‐1‐chloroburane has been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) methods to propose the most reasonable mechanisms of decomposition of the aforementioned compounds. Calculation results of 2‐methoxy‐1‐chloroethane and 3‐methoxy‐1‐chloropropane suggest dehydrochlorination through a concerted nonsynchronous four‐centered cyclic transition state (TS) to give the corresponding olefin. In the case of 4‐methoxyl‐1‐chloroburane, in addition to the 1,2‐elimination mechanism, the anchimeric assistance by the methoxy group, through a polar five‐centered cyclic TS, provides additional pathways to give 4‐methoxy‐butene, tetrahydrofuran and chloromethane. The bond polarization of the CCl, in the direction of Cδ+···Clδ−, is the limiting step of these elimination reactions. The significant increase in rate together with the formation of a cyclic product tetrahydrofuran in the gas‐phase elimination of 4‐methoxyl‐1‐chloroburane is attributed to neighboring group participation of the oxygen of the methoxy group in the TS. The theoretical calculations show a good agreement with the reported experimental results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Dysfunctional learning in decision processes: the case of employee reciprocity
Authors: Markle Alex B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhile traditional economic models characterize individuals as boundlessly self‐interested, decades of empirical findings suggest that individuals' self‐interest motives are constrained by concurrent preferences for fairness. Individuals act on these preferences by behaving reciprocally: rewarding others perceived as behaving fairly and punishing others perceived as behaving unfairly. Successful firms must learn to navigate environments characterized by the reciprocity of their transaction partners. This paper investigates firms' judgments about employee reciprocity and posits a dysfunctional learning process whereby firms that overestimate employee reciprocity learn to correct their beliefs through feedback, while those that underestimate employee reciprocity do not. The result, demonstrated through computer simulation, is a systematic bias toward an overemphasis on employee self‐interest, and a resulting inefficiency in wage choices that hurts firm profitability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell membrane lytic action of metoclopramide and its relation to tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Lai Terence K.Y. , Seeman Philip , Liu Fang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe long‐term use of many antipsychotic medications carries a risk of tardive dyskinesia in a small proportion of patients. Although metoclopramide is an antipsychotic at high doses, this drug is more commonly used at low daily doses to accelerate stomach movement of food. Because prolonged use of metoclopramide has also been associated with tardive dyskinesia, this drug is convenient to study to examine the possible basis of tardive dyskinesia. Previous work proposed that antipsychotics accumulated in the melanin granules of the human substantia nigra, ultimately building up to high concentrations that could disrupt cell membranes of nigral neurons. While previous work demonstrated the accumulation of metoclopramide in postmortem human nigral tissue, it remained to be tested whether high concentrations of metoclopramide would actually disrupt cell membranes. Therefore, the present work examined whether metoclopramide could disrupt cell membranes, using human erythrocytes directly exposed to various concentrations of metoclopramide in vitro. It was found that metoclopramide caused disruption of the red cells starting at a threshold of 1 mM, which would result in ∼280 μmoles of metoclopramide per kilogram of dry red cell membranes. However, the nonspecific adsorption of metoclopramide to human substantia nigra is ∼23 μmol/kg of dry solids (measured at the clinical spinal fluid concentration of metoclopramide). Therefore, the membrane‐lytic concentration of metoclopramide is only about 12 times higher than that after a single exposure of the drug to the nigral tissue. Hence, metoclopramide accumulation in the substantia nigra over a matter of months may lead to nigral neuron damage. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal Structures and Stabilities of γ‐ and γ′‐Brass Phases in Pd2–xAuxZn11 (x = 0.2–0.8): Vacancies vs. Valence Electron Concentration
Authors: Thimmaiah Srinivasa , Crumpton Nicholas A. , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo probe the effect of valence electron concentration (vec or e–/atom) on γ‐Pd2+xZn11–x phases a series of compoundsPd2–xAuxZn11 (x = 0.3–0.8; e–/atom = 1.70–1.75) was synthesized and structurally characterized. The gold‐substituted γ‐brass type phase was observed for x ≤ 0.3, having a refined composition of Pd1.93Au0.27(1)Zn10.80(1) (space group I$\bar{4}$3m; a = 9.0953 (2) Å). Further addition of gold (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) leads to a 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure of theγ‐brass type phase (denoted as the γ′‐phase), with noticeable phase width (F$\bar{4}$3m; 18.1827(4)–18.1799(4) Å). The γ′‐phase consists of four independent 26‐atoms clusters, which are arranged around four distinct high symmetry points. The structural stability and phase width ofγ′‐phase are primarily controlled by two of these clusters, both of which show mixed occupancies and occurrence of non‐stoichiometric vacancies. Amongst all the observed γ′‐phases in the Pd‐Au‐Zn system, the vacancy concentration increases with increasing values of gold substitution. The vec of all observed γ′‐phases fall between 1.636 and 1.654 e–/atom values, which are greatly influenced by the nonstoichiometric vacancies present in the structure.
The Acrylation of Glycerol: A Precursor to Functionalized Lipids
Authors: Jackson Michael A. , Appell Michael , Berhow Mark A. , Blackburn Judith A. , Rheiner Steven N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWith the objective of expanding the number of functionalized lipids available, the reactive vinyl group of acrylic acid was introduced to triacylglycerol by esterification of glycerol. Didecanoylacryloylglycerol was synthesized from decanoic and acrylic acids and glycerol using K2O as catalyst. 2 g (21.7 mmol) glycerol, 11.3 g (65.4 mmol) decanoic acid, 6.2 g (86.1 mmol) acrylic acid, 60 ml hexane, and 400 mg K2O were added to 300‐ml closed stainless steel reactor and maintained at 200 °C for 5 h. The resulting product, designated DDA, was isolated at about 40% yield based on the acylglycerol products. The other products included tridecanoylglycerol, diacryloyldecanoylglycerol, and the diacylglycerols of these acids. DDA was then converted to functionalized lipids by the Michael addition and Heck reaction. The Michael addition of thiophenol and 4‐bromothiophenol yielded the corresponding linear thioethers whereas and Heck reaction products from bromobenzene and bromoanisole yielded triacylglycerols containing trans‐cinnamic acid and trans‐(4‐methoxy)cinnamic acid, respectively.
[123I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography brain imaging in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Walker Zuzana , Cummings Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEarly, accurate diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), in particular its differentiation from Alzheimer's disease, is important for optimal management, providing patients/carers with information about the likely symptomatology and illness course, allowing initiation of effective pharmacotherapy, and avoiding the consequences of neuroleptic sensitivity. Clinical diagnosis of DLB has high specificity but low sensitivity. Clinical trials of [123I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography ([123I]FP‐CIT SPECT) indicate high positive and negative percent agreement with reference to clinical diagnosis, and high sensitivity and specificity in patients with neuropathologically confirmed diagnoses of DLB. An abnormal [123I]FP‐CIT SPECT image in patients fulfilling criteria for possible DLB advances the certainty of a diagnosis to probable DLB. [123I]FP‐CIT SPECT, by identifying the striatal dopaminergic deficit, can be a valuable diagnostic aid and can provide support to a clinical diagnosis of DLB in patients with dementia. The technique is likely to be of particular utility in patients with dementia with an uncertain diagnosis.
Prevalence of Testosterone Deficiency After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Durga Anita , Sepahpanah Farhad , Regozzi Mary , Hastings James , Crane Deborah A. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo define the prevalence of testosterone deficiency in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify factors associated with this deficiency.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingA U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs SCI unit.ParticipantsParticipants (n = 60) included male veterans completing annual evaluations from July 2006 to April 2007.MethodsIn addition to routine annual evaluation laboratory examination, which included measurements of serum albumin levels, participants underwent measurements of serum total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin levels. Outcome measures included the prevalence of testosterone deficiency (defined as total serum testosterone <325 ng/dL) and the relationship of testosterone level with participant's age, serum albumin level, narcotic medication use, time since injury, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, and neurologic level of injury.ResultsA low serum testosterone level (<325 ng/dL) was detected in 43.3% of participants. The testosterone level was significantly associated with severity of injury as defined by AIS grade (t = −2.59, P = .012). The prevalence of testosterone deficiency was significantly greater in participants with motor complete (AIS A and B) injuries compared with those with motor incomplete (AIS C, D, and E) injuries. Testosterone levels were significantly lower in participants who were taking narcotic medications for pain management (t = −0.25, P < .05). There was no relationship between the use of narcotic medications and severity of injury. Given the small number of participants, the SCI levels, age, duration of injuries, serum albumin levels, and serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin did not reach statistical significance in predicting testosterone level.ConclusionsThese findings confirm both a substantial population of men with SCI and with testosterone deficiency, and a significant association between testosterone level and severity of SCI. Measuring serum total testosterone levels should be included in standard screenings for patients with SCI, particularly those with motor complete injuries.
Provenance signatures for the Miocene volcaniclastic succession of the Tufiti di Tusa Formation, southern Apennines, Italy
Authors: PERRI FRANCESCO , CRITELLI SALVATORE , CAVALCANTE FRANCESCO , MONGELLI GIOVANNI , DOMINICI ROCCO , SONNINO MAURIZIO , DE ROSA ROSANNA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Tufiti di Tusa Formation, a siliciclastic turbidite system of lower Miocene age in southern Italy, is mainly composed of volcaniclastic and quartzolithic sandstones interbedded with mudrocks. Sandstones are subdivided into four distinctive petrofacies, evolving from quartzolithic to volcaniclastic lithofeldspathic and feldspatholithic, reflecting detrital evolution from growing orogen (quartzolithic petrofacies) to active volcanism (volcaniclastic petrofacies). The mineralogical composition of the associated mudrocks is predominantly characterized by phyllosilicates, mainly illite/smectite mixed layers (I/S R1 associated with minor amounts of I/S R0 in the lower part of the succession, and I/S R3 in its upper part), together with illite, detrital micas and chlorite, and minor amounts of chlorite/smectite mixed layers and kaolinite, in addition to quartz, calcite and feldspars. The most abundant phyllosilicates are I/S mixed layers, 10-Å minerals (illite and micas) and chlorite, while kaolinite and chlorite–smectite mixed layers are present as a few per cent or in trace amounts. X-ray diffraction patterns show the occurrence of the ordered I/S R1 mixed layers in most samples but, at the top of the succession, some samples are characterized by I/S R3 mixed layers, whilst in the lower part of the succession I/S R1 is associated with a lower amount of I/S R0. These features suggest that the Tufiti di Tusa Formation experienced a medium diagenetic grade, and the occurrence of I/S R3 could be explained by K-availability in samples in the upper part of the succession. The lithic fragments in sandstones are metasedimentary rocks of Palaeozoic age, and andesite to dacite volcanic rocks of early Miocene age. The associated mudrocks also contain trace element ratios (Cr/V, Y/Ni, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Co, Th/Cr, Cr/Th and Eu/Eu*) consistent with a provenance containing intermediate to silicic sources with scarce or absent basic rocks. The chemical index of alteration (63.2 to 71.6) suggests a moderate degree of weathering in the source. Furthermore, the K/Cs ratios of sediments confirm likely moderate rather than intense weathering. The index of compositional variability (ICV) values (from 1.2 to 2.5) are high enough to suggest the mudrocks are first-cycle sediments with little recycling. The Al–Ti–Zr diagram and the Th/Sc v. Zr/Sc plot indicate poor sorting and rapid deposition of the sediments. Detrital and sedimentary evolution of the Tufiti di Tusa Formation provides constraints, in terms of relations between a growing orogenic system and active volcanism in the Central Mediterranean, to contribute to geodynamic and palaeogeographic reconstructions of the earliest collision in the southern Apennines region.
Holocene fluctuations of Leffert Glacier and nearby outlet glaciers, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Blake Weston 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon age determinations on marine shells in lateral moraines and other deposits several kms behind the present day termini of tidewater outlet glaciers from the Prince of Wales Icefield, east-central Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada, as well as tidewater glaciers from two nearby ice-caps, show that these glaciers have fluctuated considerably through the Holocene, both in length and in thickness. The terminus of Leffert Glacier, for which the best documentation is available, has been more than 20 km west of the position that it occupied in 1898–1899, when it was mapped for the first time. Leffert Glacier was much reduced in size for a period of several thousand years, between roughly 6450 and 185014C years BP. Other major outlet glaciers that have experienced significant fluctuations of their termini during the Holocene are: 1) MacMillan, Ekblaw and Tanquary glaciers in the Baird Inlet area, 2) Stygge Glacier and adjacent unnamed glaciers at the head of Jokel Fiord, 3) Benedict Glacier at the head of Sawyer Bay and 4) Parrish Glacier, the southernmost outlet glacier from the Agassiz Ice Cap. Of the glaciers investigated, only Alfred Newton Glacier, south of Cape Herschel, has surged during the period of field observation (1977 to 2009), and this glacier is now receding from the position attained in a surge which commenced in 1981. The terminus of Ekblaw Glacier, at the head of Baird Inlet, is now well forward of the position it occupied in 1950, when the first aerial photograph coverage was achieved.
Voltage-Pulsed and Laser-Pulsed Atom Probe Tomography of a Multiphase High-Strength Low-Carbon Steel
Authors: Mulholland Michael D. , Seidman David N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe differences in artifacts associated with voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed (wavelength = 532 or 355 nm) atom-probe tomographic (APT) analyses of nanoscale precipitation in a high-strength low-carbon steel are assessed using a local-electrode atom-probe tomograph. It is found that the interfacial width of nanoscale Cu precipitates increases with increasing specimen apex temperatures induced by higher laser pulse energies (0.6–2 nJ pulse−1 at a wavelength of 532 nm). This effect is probably due to surface diffusion of Cu atoms. Increasing the specimen apex temperature by using pulse energies up to 2 nJ pulse−1 at a wavelength of 532 nm is also found to increase the severity of the local magnification effect for nanoscale M2C metal carbide precipitates, which is indicated by a decrease of the local atomic density inside the carbides from 68 ± 6 nm−3 (voltage pulsing) to as small as 3.5 ± 0.8 nm−3. Methods are proposed to solve these problems based on comparisons with the results obtained from voltage-pulsed APT experiments. Essentially, application of the Cu precipitate compositions and local atomic density of M2C metal carbide precipitates measured by voltage-pulsed APT to 532 or 355 nm wavelength laser-pulsed data permits correct quantification of precipitation.