bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species pools along contemporary environmental gradients represent different levels of diversification
Authors: Bartish Igor V. , Hennekens Stephan , Aidoud Ahmed , Hennion Françoise , Prinzing Andreas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim  Within a region, different habitat types are characterized by different species and some habitat types have higher species diversities than others. Different habitat types are also characterized by different phylogenetic clades. However, it is not known whether – within a given region – some habitat types have species pools that are more phylogenetically diversified than others. We investigated whether species pools in contemporary habitat types represent different levels of diversification of angiosperms and, if so, whether these differences correlate with particular environmental factors. We tested these relationships in a region of recent geological origin possessing a comparatively young flora, and compared the result with standard analyses of species diversity.Location  The Netherlands.Methods  We studied angiosperms across the full range of habitat types present in the Netherlands. We characterized levels of diversification represented in species pools within each of these habitat types with respect to (1) taxonomic diversification, i.e. the rate of increase of richness across taxonomic ranks (relative to a null expectation for a given species richness), and (2) cladogenic diversification, i.e. the average cladogenic distance of species from the root of a phylogenetic tree of the species pool within a given region.Results  Species pools of different habitat types represented different levels of taxonomic and cladogenic diversification. These differences were strongly correlated with the environmental characteristics of the habitat type. Greater levels of taxonomic diversification were represented in the species pools of relatively dry and open habitat types. Greater levels of cladogenic diversification were represented in habitats with both dry and weakly acidic soils. The relationship between environmental factors and taxonomic and cladogenic diversification (r2 = 0.88 and 0.76, respectively) was stronger than that between environmental factors and species richness (r2 = 0.34).Main conclusions  Within a region, species resulting from particularly high rates of diversification accumulated in particular habitat types. These habitat types represent specific contemporary abiotic environments and have a tighter relationship with levels of diversification than with species richness.
Between being and doing – the nature of leadership of first‐line nurse managers and registered nurses
Authors: Johansson Gunilla , Andersson Lars , Gustafsson Barbro , Sandahl Christer 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to describe first‐line nurse managers’ (F‐LNMs) and subordinate registered nurses’ (RNs) conceptions and experiences of their routine work and how leadership was exercised.Background.  Extensive changes in health care organisations have had a powerful impact on leadership in nursing management. Nursing leadership, in turn, has an affect on both the quality of care and the subordinates’ work environment. Therefore, it is important to enhance our understanding of current leadership in nursing management.Design.  This is a descriptive qualitative study carried out in three units at three Swedish hospitals.Methods.  Three F‐LNMs and 14 RNs participated. Interviews were used to collect data. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results.  The result of this study was illustrated in one main theme referred to in this study as between being and doing. The RNs and F‐LNMs described what it was to be a good professional (being), how they were engaged in creating a good work climate (doing) and personal outcomes of this project (gaining).Conclusion.  The reciprocal relation between being and doing, which can be described as the development of virtues, was a central point in the professional work of the F‐LNMs and RNs. The development of virtues is also a strategy to attain the goals of nursing and establish a work climate that motivates staff and improves performance.Relevance to clinical practices.  The implication for nursing management is to create ample space to develop strategies and knowledge about how leadership in nursing management can stimulate the development of a common perspective of good care and professional virtues appropriate for health care praxis.
Questioning family‐centred care
Authors: Shields Linda 
Published: August 2010

Aims.  This article poses topics for discussion around family‐centred care as a model of care delivery to children and families in health services.Background.  Family‐centred care developed over three decades following awakening awareness that excluding parents during a child’s hospital admission was detrimental to the child’s mental health. Using resources from both past and current literature and existing research, I argue that it is time for a revision of practices and policies that espouse family‐centred care as the optimum model of care in paediatrics. Once the historical development of family‐centred care is discussed, current research shows a dearth of evidence about family‐centred care, its use, implementation and applicability across cultures and nations.Design.  Discursive.Methods.  Five questions are discussed: is family‐centred care relevant now? is it relevant only in Western countries?, what does it mean to implement family‐centred care?, is family‐centred care implemented effectively?, does it make a difference? Exemplars of good family‐centred care practice are provided.Results.  At this stage, it is difficult to know whether using family‐centred care makes a difference to a child’s and family’s health outcomes, as there is no rigorous evidence to answer the question ‘does it work?’Conclusions.  Nurses must undertake studies so we can either support the successful implementation of family‐centred care, or abandon it in the best interests of children, families and health services.Relevance to clinical practice.  Practitioners must be aware that family‐centred care is a wonderful ideal that is almost impossible to implement and so new ways of delivering care to children may be needed.
Life values and self‐regulation behaviours among adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oftedal Bjørg , Karlsen Bjørg , Bru Edvin 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  The aim of this study was to identify life values in adults with type 2 diabetes and to describe their experiences of how these values may influence self‐regulation behaviours.Background.  Daily self‐regulation behaviours have been described as challenging, because the individuals try to find a balance between them and life values. However, little is known about how life values may influence the motivation for necessary self‐regulation behaviours.Design and methods.  A descriptive/explorative qualitative design that included focus groups was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 19 adults with type 2 diabetes. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results.  The findings revealed six themes: maintaining health and longevity, a feeling of bodily well‐being, preserving a positive body image, self‐determination, maintaining the ability to work and belonging. The results reflect the fact that many life values have a major influence on self‐regulation behaviours.Conclusions.  The findings indicate that several of the life values can conflict with self‐regulation behaviours, which in turn may influence the motivation for self‐regulation of type 2 diabetes. Some of these values could be considered to be related to self‐worth, which is regarded as an important motivational component for engaging in a task. Moreover, this study highlights the fact that goals related to self‐regulation behaviours were formulated in more general than in specific terms.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study may help health professionals to understand how adults’ life values influence their motivation for adequate self‐regulation. The findings indicate that the existing support structures should make an effort to learn about people’s life values and take them into account when giving advice about self‐regulation behaviours. Moreover, people with type 2 diabetes should be supported by health professionals to set more specific self‐regulation goals that are consistent with their life values.
Reasons why women choose a medical practice or a women’s health centre for routine health screening: worker and client perspectives
Authors: Peters Kathleen 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  This article aims to explore the stories and perceptions of consumers and health care workers in an area with a low uptake rate of women’s health screening. Further, this article explores what factors influence women’s choices for women’s health screening in relation to the type of services they access.Background.  Routine women’s health screening, using mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing, is known to assist in the early detection of cancer and thereby has the potential to increase positive health outcomes for women. However, traditionally, compliance rates to women’s health screening are lower than desired because of multiple barriers. Previous studies have largely been quantitative and few have been conducted in areas of low compliance to women’s health screening. Furthermore, previous research has not identified the type of service offered, or gender of the professional providing this service, as potential barriers to women’s health screening.Design.  Qualitative, storytelling design.Method.  Participants from a socioeconomically disadvantaged area were recruited into the study via media releases. Data were collected during conversational, face to face interviews which were between 30 and 90 minutes in duration, digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. During the process of analysis, dominant stories became obvious through the repetition or emphasis of women's accounts, and it is these stories that are presented in the findings.Results.  Findings suggest that women’s decisions about care for routine health screening are guided by three major concerns. Women are seeking a woman friendly and woman‐centred service, a safe environment and continuity of care. All these factors informed women’s decision‐making around where to seek care for routine health screening.Conclusions.  Additional specialised women’s health services are required to meet the needs of women. The provision of accessible women‐centred environments has the potential to enhance compliance with women’s health screening.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is possible that generalist medical practises as well as specialised women’s health centres can provide woman‐centred care. This as well as further access to education and training that supports nurses to become specialised competent and confident women’s health practitioners may enhance screening rates.
A literature review of the potential of telephone follow‐up in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cusack Martina , Taylor Claire 
Published: August 2010

Aims. The aim of this review is to examine the potential of telephone follow‐up for patients with colorectal cancer.Background.  More people are surviving cancer and entering into follow‐up care. It is recognised that improvements in cancer follow‐up care are needed in the UK. Telephone use has proved a very successful medium for conducting health care in other specialties and may offer an acceptable alternative to face‐to‐face follow‐up appointments. Nurse specialists could assume responsibility for patients’ follow‐up by offering telephone consultations.Design.  A literature review was conducted via a systematic electronic and hand search of relevant literature.Method.  Thematic content analysis was used to achieve the objectives of the review.Results.  The findings demonstrate that telephone follow‐up conducted by an experienced nurse specialist is cost‐effective and accepted by the majority of patients. Aspects of care such as symptom management and reassurance are possible over the phone.Conclusion.  Telephone follow‐up meets patients’ satisfaction, support and information needs and has potential to deliver high standards of aftercare when conducted by a nurse specialist. It is at least equivalent to traditional follow‐up in meeting the needs of patients with cancer. Because of the disparity of the studies examined, further research in the area of nurse‐led telephone follow‐up vs. nurse‐led traditional follow‐up would be constructive in the development of this new initiative.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses are now increasingly involved in patient follow‐up care and telephone dialogue after hospital discharge. However, the ideal structure, method and timing of telephone follow‐up as well as the skills required to carry out such care over the phone are often not considered and have not been articulated. The option of telephone follow‐up could, for some patients, dramatically improve their care experience.
Cannabis use in palliative care – an examination of the evidence and the implications for nurses
Authors: Green Anita J , De‐Vries Kay 
Published: August 2010

Aim and objective.  Examine the pharmaceutical qualities of cannabis including a historical overview of cannabis use. Discuss the use of cannabis as a clinical intervention for people experiencing palliative care, including those with life‐threatening chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis and motor neurone disease [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis] in the UK.Background.  The non‐medicinal use of cannabis has been well documented in the media. There is a growing scientific literature on the benefits of cannabis in symptom management in cancer care. Service users, nurses and carers need to be aware of the implications for care and treatment if cannabis is being used medicinally.Design.  A comprehensive literature review.Method.  Literature searches were made of databases from 1996 using the term cannabis and the combination terms of cannabis and palliative care; symptom management; cancer; oncology; chronic illness; motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and multiple sclerosis. Internet material provided for service users searching for information about the medicinal use of cannabis was also examined.Results.  The literature on the use of cannabis in health care repeatedly refers to changes for users that may be equated with improvement in quality of life as an outcome of its use. This has led to increased use of cannabis by these service users. However, the cannabis used is usually obtained illegally and can have consequences for those who choose to use it for its therapeutic value and for nurses who are providing care.Relevance to clinical practice.  Questions and dilemmas are raised concerning the role of the nurse when caring and supporting a person making therapeutic use of cannabis.
Evaluation of the feasibility of a school‐based asthma management programme in Taiwan
Authors: Maa Suh‐Hwa , Chang Yue‐Cune , Chou Chun‐Liang , Ho Shu‐Chuan , Sheng Te‐Fang , MacDonald Karen , Wang Yanping , Shen Yu‐Ming , Abraham Ivo 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  To investigate the feasibility of a school‐based asthma management programme for middle school children.Background.  Asthma rates are increasing among school‐aged children. Successful asthma treatment in children depends in part on clear communication and effective education.Design.  This feasibility study employed a one‐group only longitudinal design with four time points over 18 months.Methods.  Nineteen female and twelve male (n = 31) seventh‐grade children with asthma (13 SD 0·71 years) were identified using a six‐stage asthma case‐finding approach. Teachers and school staff were trained in the principles and methods of the proposed school‐based asthma management programme. An individualised guided asthma self‐management programme was developed for each child by a clinical team at a major academic medical centre. We assisted teachers in implementing the school programme; building a support network and monitoring children’s activities. Outcome measures included lung function tests (at 0, six, 12 and 18 months), disease‐related symptoms, psychosocial status and impact of asthma on learning (at 0 and 18 months). School provided data on academic achievement and school absences at 0, six, 12 and 18 months.Results.  Significant improvements were noted at six, 12 and 18 months on forced vital capacity (FVC)% of predicted (p = 0·001, 0·015, 0·015, respectively), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% of predicted (p = 0·001, 0·006, 0·088, respectively) and FEV1/FVC% of predicted (p = 0·001, 0·015, 0·099, respectively). There was a trend towards improved asthma symptoms (p = 0·050) and a significant decrease in positive perception of curriculum (p = 0·017) at 18 months after adjustment for covariates.Conclusions.  This programme was associated with respiratory benefits on physiological asthma markers commonly, with a trend for symptom control. Academic and psychosocial outcomes are subject of further inquiry.Relevance to clinical practice.  School‐based asthma management holds promise as a feasible clinical option for middle school children with asthma in the Taiwanese school system.
Effectiveness of resource‐enhancing family‐oriented intervention
Authors: Häggman‐Laitila Arja , Tanninen Hanna‐Mari , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a resource‐enhancing family‐oriented intervention.Background.  There is very little empirical knowledge of how nurses working in a home context develop relationships with families, what methods they use to enhance families’ resources and how such relationships affect the families’ health outcomes.Design.  The study was designed as a descriptive service evaluation.Methods.  A total of 129 family members from 30 families with small children participated in the study. Data were collected with family care plans and client reports in 2004–2005. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis and by descriptive statistical methods. Resource‐enhancing discussions were carried out in all family meetings. Other methods were video guidance, creation of a family tree and parents’ role map, network collaboration, observation and parent‐child group activity.Results.  The families needed support mostly in parents’ health and well‐being, coping with parenthood, upbringing and child care, parents’ relationships, social relations and children’s health and growth. The families had an average of five support needs at the beginning of the intervention and 1·8 needs at the completion. The families set on average 3·6 and achieved 4·5 goals during the family nursing process.Conclusion.  The resource‐enhancing family nursing can be used for supporting parenthood, the raising of and caring for the children, strengthening of social support networks, decreasing the need for support from the authorities and enhancing the parents’ resources to manage the duties related to their work and studies.Relevance to clinical practice.  The study resulted in empirically based concepts that can be used in the future to construct instruments to evaluate the effectiveness of resource‐enhancing family nursing from the perspective of families and family health. The findings add to our professional understanding of resource‐enhancing family nursing.
A structured observation of the interaction between nurses and patients during the administration of medication in an acute mental health unit
Authors: Duxbury Joy A , Wright Karen Margaret , Hart Anna , Bradley Diane , Roach Pamela , Harris Neil , Carter Bernie 
Published: August 2010

Aims.  This aims of this study are to describe current practice in the administration of medication in an acute psychiatric unit and explore factors that influence nurses’ decisions regarding the administration of medication during ‘rounds’.Background.  Medication ‘rounds’ form part of the ward routine in many inpatient mental health settings. Nurses make several clinical decisions about administrating medication; yet, concerns have been raised about the poor assessment of patients’ needs and the quality of the information exchanged.Design.  A structured non‐participant observational design was used for this research.Method.  This study involved the observation of 20 medication ‘rounds’ over three months. The Ward Administration of Medication Schedule was used to report on the interactions between nurses and patients and aspects of their communication during each round.Results.  From the rounds observed nurses appeared adept at communicating a positive interpersonal style but less so in demonstrating skills portraying collaboration and information giving. For example whilst nurses communicated warmth in 97% of cases, using non‐verbal behaviours such as good eye contact, the provision of information was only initiated in 46% of cases. Enquiries regarding the patient’s general health and medication taking (35% and 17% respectively) were less commonly observed. Verbal consent was sought in only 25% of cases. Procedural matters were adhered to overall.Conclusions.  Findings suggest limited collaboration between nurses and patients and the poor monitoring of health status and medication effects. Information exchange could be improved; however, this may be related to medication procedures that make it difficult to explore sensitive information with patients, rather than nursing skills and behaviour.Relevance to clinical practice.  The Ward Administration of Medication Schedule can be used as a clinical or educational tool in the administration of medication. In both instances, it may be self‐administered and used to reflect on personal skills or employed as an observational tool during peer review and audit.
Post‐discharge health care needs of patients after lung cancer resection
Authors: Wang Kwua‐Yun , Chang Nai‐Wen , Wu Tzu‐Hsin , Hsu Chu‐Chun , Lee Ya‐Hsin , Lee Shih‐Chun 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objective.  To determine the health care needs of patients after surgical resection of lung cancer at discharge and evaluate the significance of factors associated with such needs.Background.  Other studies have found that symptom distress level, social supports and health beliefs are associated with health care needs.Design.  Sixty‐two participants were recruited from a thoracic surgery clinic at a medical centre in Taipei from July–December 2005. Data related to demographic variables, disease characteristics, functional status, symptom distress and social support were collected.Methods.  The patients were administered the Karnofsky Performance Scale, the Symptom Distress Scale–Chinese Modified Form, the Social Support Scale (adapted from the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List), the Health Needs Scale and self‐reported rating scales for pain. Data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression models.Results.  Pulmonary function was found to be correlated with the level of need for health care information and physiological care. Self‐perceived symptom distress and degree of distress were also correlated with levels of need for information, physiological care and psychosocial care. The level of pain was found to be correlated with the level of need for health care information and physiological care. After controlling for pain level, multivariate analysis revealed that self‐perceived symptom severity (p = 0·032) and degree of distress (p = 0·043) were modestly correlated with the need for health care.Conclusions.  Pulmonary function, self‐perceived symptom distress, degree of distress and level of pain were correlated with the level of need for health care information and physiological care. Self‐perceived symptom severity and degree of distress were independent predictors of health care needs.Relevance to clinical practice.  Administration of relevant questionnaires to assess postoperative symptom distress may be necessary for optimal disease management.