bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multistage logistics system design problem with inventory considering demand change by hybrid genetic algorithm
Authors: Inoue Hisaki , Gen Mitsuo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe logistics model used in this study is a three‐stage model employed by an automobile company, which aims to solve traffic problems at a total minimum cost. Recently, research on the metaheuristics method has advanced as an approximate means for solving optimization problems as found in this model. These problems can be solved using various methods such as a genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing, and tabu search. A genetic algorithm is superior in terms of robustness and adjustability toward a change in the structure of these problems. However, a genetic algorithm has a disadvantage in that it has a slightly inefficient search performance because it carries out a multipoint search. A hybrid genetic algorithm that combines another method is attracting considerable attention since it can compensate for a fault in a partial solution in which early convergence has a negative impact on a result. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid random key‐based genetic algorithm (h‐rkGA) that combines local search and parameter tuning of the crossover rate and mutation rate; h‐rkGA is an improved version of the random key‐based genetic algorithm (rk‐GA). We attempted comparative experiments with a spanning tree‐based genetic algorithm, priority‐based genetic algorithm, and random key‐based genetic algorithm. Further, we attempted comparative experiments with “h‐GA by only local search” and “h‐GA by only parameter tuning.” We report the effectiveness of the proposed method on the basis of the results of these experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(5): 56–65, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10374
Generation and characterization of optical emission in highly repetitive pulsed‐glow discharges in air
Authors: Kikuchi Jun , Igarashi Koichi , Ibuka Shinji , Ishii Shozo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo analyze atmospheric‐pressure transient glow microdischarges powered by a fast high‐voltage pulse train generated by a nonlinear transmission line generator, we conducted a simulation experiment using double rectangular pulsed voltages having variable pulse intervals. The discharges were characterized by optical emission spectro‐scopy. Although the temporal evolution of the spectral line intensities of nitrogen molecules and ions followed the discharge current, the atomic helium line intensity did not follow the current. The development of a discharge at the interface between a helium gas flow column and the surrounding air affects the observed evolution of the spectral lines. The strong effect of metastable helium was confirmed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(2): 17–23, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21223
Magnetic characteristics analysis of permanent magnet motor by using complex approximation taking account of two‐dimensional magnetic properties
Authors: Zeze Shingo , Todaka Takashi , Enokizono Masato 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a complex E&S modeling approach, which is developed with a complex approximation for conventional E&S modeling. Complex E&S modeling is used to analyze a permanent magnet motor and the validity of complex E&S modeling is demonstrated. The computation time of complex E&S modeling can be considerably reduced in comparison with conventional E&S modeling. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(2): 9–16, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21268
Investigation of optimum applied voltage for water treatment by pulsed streamer discharge in air‐sprayed water droplets
Authors: Sugai Taichi , Suzuki Tomoya , Minamitani Yasushi , Nose Taisuke 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, we investigated a water treatment method of spraying droplets of wastewater into a pulse discharge space. The water treatment was carried out by applying voltage with different pulse widths to determine the optimum pulse width, and the optimum pulse voltage determined on the basis of the results of the study was analyzed. The rise time of the voltages with pulse widths of 40, 60, and 80 ns was about 12, 19, and 32 ns, respectively, and the discharge current in the case of the faster rise time was higher. The number of streamer discharges is believed to increase with a decrease in the rise time. The energy efficiency in the case of the pulse width of 40 ns is higher than that in the case of the other pulse widths. This is because almost all of the active species are generated by early streamer discharge, and the longer discharging time at longer pulse widths increases the ineffectual energy by thermal loss. These results show that pulsed voltages with a faster rise time and shorter pulse width are optimum for the treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(2): 1–8, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21273
Analytical model and characteristics of current‐observer‐based induction motor speed‐sensorless vector control system taking into account iron loss
Authors: Tsuji Mineo , Xu Fujin , Tsuruda Yasutaka , Hamasaki Shin‐ichi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe have proposed a current‐observer‐based speed‐sensorless vector control system that is in a rotating reference frame and takes into account iron loss. By deriving a linear model and by computing the trajectories of poles and zeros, the system stability on various parameters such as operating points, observer gain, controller gain, and stator resistance has been investigated. Furthermore, an exact analytical model including PWM control, dead time, and nonideal features of power devices is developed. The characteristic improvement and stability limit of the proposed system are discussed by simulation and experiment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(1): 46–56, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21301
Affine‐invariant character recognition by progressive removing
Authors: Iwamura Masakazu , Horimatsu Akira , Niwa Ryo , Kise Koichi , Uchida Seiichi , Omachi Shinichiro 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRecognizing characters in scene images suffering from perspective distortion is a challenge. Although there are some methods to overcome this difficulty, they are time‐consuming. In this paper, we propose a set of affine‐invariant features and a new recognition scheme called “progressive removing” that can help reduce the processing time. Progressive removing gradually removes less feasible categories and skew angles by using multiple classifiers. We observed that progressive removing and the use of the affine invariant features reduced the processing time by about 60% in comparison to a trivial algorithm without decreasing the recognition rate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(2): 55–63, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22276
Determination of glyceroltriheptanoate in processed animal by‐products by GC‐FID
Authors: Baglio Daniela , Folegatti Liliana 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe European Regulation concerning animal by‐products (ABPs) established rules on safe use, transportation and disposal of these materials. According to the health risks, the products were sorted in three categories, and the materials belonging to category 1 and 2 (high and intermediate health risk) needed to be permanently marked in order to allow full traceability and avoid their entering in the feed and food chain. The selected marker was glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH) with a minimum permissible level of 250 mg/kg fat fraction. This study presents the implementation and validation of an analytical method for the determination of GTH in processed ABPs using GC‐FID. Two injection systems (split–splitless and programmable temperature vaporization injector) and chromatographic columns were evaluated in order to select the best instrumental conditions. The method was in‐house validated by assessing linearity, precision, trueness, and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). The linearity range was tested from 90 to 2800 mg GTH/kg, the relative SD for repeatability and intermediate precision were, respectively, 1.8 and 2.9%. The mean recovery rate was 99% and the LOD and LOQ were 6.8 and 22.8 mg/kg. In addition, the performance characteristics were compared with those of the reference method developed by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) with good agreement. A collection of real samples, obtained from different rendering plants in Italy, were subjected to analysis for the determination of GTH for routine quality controls.Practical applications: After the European Regulation (EC) 1432/2007 that established a minimum added level of GTH to processed ABPs belonging to category 1 and 2 has been put in force, a reliable and simple analytical method became necessary. The Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM) of the European Commission developed and validated a methodology based on a GC‐MS instrumentations, used by the official control laboratories. The aim of this study was the implementation of an analytical method using a GC‐FID, a widespread and easy to use instrumentation. This analytical protocol found its application in the processed quality control laboratories for the routine analysis of the GTH added to ABPs, and in particular for materials belonging to category 1 and 2.
Mortality and Its Predictors in Severe Bulimia Nervosa Patients
Authors: Huas Caroline , Godart Nathalie , Caille Agnès , Pham‐Scottez Alexandra , Foulon Christine , Divac Snezana M. , Lavoisy Guillaume , Guelfi Julien‐Daniel , Falissard Bruno , Rouillon Frédéric 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of mortality remains unclear for bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, especially the most severe. The aims of this study were to improve knowledge on BN and mortality.MethodsWith initial evaluation at admission, 258 BN (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) consecutive inpatients were included (1988–2004). Vital status was established from the French national register. Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) calculation and bivariate Cox analysis were performed for the hypothesised predictors of mortality.ResultsMean follow‐up duration was 10.5 years. Ten deaths were recorded, and the crude mortality ratio was 3.9%; SMR = 5.52 [CI95 (2.64–10.15)]. The majority of deaths were from suicide [6/10, SMR = 30.9 (5.7–68.7)]. The mean age at time of death was 29.6 years. Predictive factors were previous suicide attempt and low minimum BMI.ConclusionsSevere BN patients are at higher risk of death (mainly suicide) especially if previous suicide attempt or previous low BMI. More studies are needed to confirm these results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The prevalence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Ioannou George N. , Bryson Christopher L. , Weiss Noel S. , Miller Richard , Scott John D. , Boyko Edward J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Cirrhosis is a leading cause of death among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to determine risk factors for and time trends in the prevalence of cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients diagnosed with HIV who received care in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system nationally between 1996 and 2009 (n = 24,040 in 2009). Among patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), there was a dramatic increase in the prevalence of cirrhosis (3.5%-13.2%), decompensated cirrhosis (1.9%-5.8%), and HCC (0.07%-1.6%). Little increase was observed among patients without HCV coinfection in the prevalence of cirrhosis (1.7%-2.2%), decompensated cirrhosis (1.1%-1.2%), and HCC (0.03%-0.13%). In 2009, HCV infection was present in the majority of patients with HIV who had cirrhosis (66%), decompensated cirrhosis (62%), and HCC (80%). Independent risk factors for cirrhosis included HCV infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-6.7), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (AOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.0-2.9), age (AOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04), Hispanic ethnicity (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2), diabetes (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1), and alcohol abuse (AOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.5-2.1), whereas black race (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.48-0.64) and successful eradication of HCV (AOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9) were protective. Independent risk factors for HCC included HCV infection (AOR, 10.0; 95% CI, 6.1-16.4), HBV infection (AOR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.7-4.7), age (AOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), and low CD4+ cell count (AOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.3-4.2). Among 5999 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, 994 (18%) had ever received HCV antiviral treatment, of whom 165 (17%) achieved sustained virologic response. Conclusion: The prevalence of cirrhosis and HCC has increased dramatically among HIV-infected patients driven primarily by the HCV epidemic. Potentially modifiable risk factors include HCV infection, HBV infection, diabetes, alcohol abuse, and low CD4+ cell count. (Hepatology 2013)
Breast cancer mortality in Norway after the introduction of mammography screening
Authors: Olsen Anne Helene , Lynge Elsebeth , Njor Sisse H. , Kumle Merethe , Waaseth Marit , Braaten Tonje , Lund Eiliv 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn organized mammography screening program was gradually implemented in Norway during the period 1996–2004. Norwegian authorities have initiated an evaluation of the program. Our study focused on breast cancer mortality. Using Poisson regression, we compared the change in breast cancer mortality from before to during screening in four counties starting the program early controlling for change in breast cancer mortality during the same time in counties starting the program late. A follow‐up model included death in all breast cancers diagnosed during the follow‐up period. An evaluation model included only breast cancers diagnosed in ages where screening was offered. The study group had been invited for screening one to three times and followed for on average of 5.9 years. In the follow‐up model, 314 breast cancer deaths were observed in the study group, and 523, 404 and 638, respectively, in the four control groups. The ratio between the changes in breast cancer mortality between early and late starting counties was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–1.12). In the evaluation model, this ratio was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.71–1.12). In Norway, where 40% of women used regular mammography prior to the program, the implementation of the organized mammography screening program was associated with a statistically nonsignificant decrease in breast cancer mortality of around 11%.
International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953–2008—are recent generations at higher or lower risk?
Authors: Erdmann Friederike , Lortet‐Tieulent Joannie , Schüz Joachim , Zeeb Hajo , Greinert Rüdiger , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Bray Freddie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has steadily increased over the past 50 years in predominately fair‐skinned populations. This increase is reported to have leveled off recently in several Northern and Western European countries, Australia, New Zealand and in North America. We studied the global patterns and time trends in incidence of melanoma by country and sex, with a focus on and age‐ and cohort‐specific variations. We analyzed the incidence data from 39 population‐based cancer registries, examining all‐ages and age‐truncated standardized incidence rates of melanoma, estimating the annual percentage change and incidence rate ratios from age‐period‐cohort models. Incidence rates of melanoma continue to rise in most European countries (primarily Southern and Eastern Europe), whereas in Australia, New Zealand, the U.S., Canada, Israel and Norway, rates have become rather stable in recent years. Indications of a stabilization or decreasing trend were observed mainly in the youngest age group (25–44 years). Rates have been rising steadily in generations born up to the end of the 1940s, followed by a stabilization or decline in rates for more recently born cohorts in Australia, New Zealand, the U.S., Canada and Norway. In addition to the birth cohort effect, there was a suggestion of a period‐related influence on melanoma trends in certain populations. Although our findings provide support that primary and secondary prevention can halt and reverse the observed increasing burden of melanoma, they also indicate that those prevention measures require further endorsement in many countries.
Developing methacrylate‐based copolymers as an artificial Bruch's membrane substitute
Authors: Treharne Andrew J. , Thomson Heather A. J. , Grossel Martin C. , Lotery Andrew J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the developed world. There is currently no treatment for the cellular loss, which is characteristic of AMD. Transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells represents a potential therapy. Because of AMD‐related pathology in the native support, Bruch's membrane, transplanted RPE cells require a scaffold to reside on. We present here the development of an electrospun fibrous scaffold derived from methyl methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) methacrylate for novel application as an RPE scaffold. Scaffolds were chemically modified to improve cell adhesion by functionalization not previously reported for this type of copolymer system. A human RPE cell line was used to investigate cell‐scaffold interactions for up to two weeks in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the fibrous scaffolds and confirm cell attachment. By day 15, cell area was significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced on scaffolds with chemical modification of the PEG chain terminus. In addition, significantly, less‐apoptotic cell death was demonstrable on these modified surfaces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2358–2364, 2012.
The interplay between physical and chemical properties of protein films affects their bioactivity
Authors: Grover Chloe N. , Farndale Richard W. , Best Serena M. , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAlthough mechanical properties, roughness, and receptor molecule expression have all been shown to influence the cellular reactivity of collagen‐based biomaterials, their relative contribution, in a given system remains unclear. Here, we study films containing combinations of collagen, gelatin, and soluble and insoluble elastin, crosslinking of which results in altered film stiffness and roughness. Collagen and gelatin have similar amino acid sequences but altered cell‐binding sites. We studied cell response with both C2C12 myoblast cells (which possess RGD‐recognizing integrins αVβ3 and α5β1) and C2C12‐α2+ cells (which, in addition, express the collagen‐binding integrin α2β1) to establish the effect of altering the available binding sites on cell adhesion and spreading on films. Systematically altering the composition, crosslinking and cell type, allows us to deconvolute the effects of physical parameters and available binding sites on the cell reactivity of films in this system. Collagen‐based films were rougher and stiffer and supported lower cell surface coverage than gelatin‐based films. Additionally, C2C12‐α2+ cells showed preferential attachment to collagen‐based films compared with C2C12 cells, but no significant difference was seen using gelatin‐based films. The cell count and surface coverage were found to decrease significantly on all films after crosslinking (Coll XL coverage = 2–6%, Gel XL coverage = 20–32%), but cell area and aspect ratio on collagen films were affected to a greater extent than on gelatin films. The results show that, in this system, the composition, and more significantly, crosslinking, of films affects the cell reactivity to a greater extent than their stiffness or roughness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2401–2411, 2012.
Oxidative damage of lung and its protective mechanism in mice caused by long‐term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Qingqing , Tan Danlin , Zhou Qiuping , Liu Xiaorun , Cheng Zhe , Liu Gan , Zhu Min , Sang Xuezi , Gui Suxin , Cheng Jie , Hu Renping , Tang Meng , Hong Fashui 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) elicits an adverse response such as oxidative damage. The molecular targets of TiO2 NPs remain largely unidentified. In the present study, the function and signal pathway of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in protection against TiO2 NPs‐induced oxidative stress in the mouse lung were investigated. Mice were exposed to 10 mg/kg body weight by an intratracheal administration for 15–90 days. With increasing exposed terms, TiO2 NPs were significantly accumulated and increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lung, which resulted in severe pulmonary edema, inflammatory response and pneumonocyte apoptosis for 90 days. Furthermore, TiO2 NPs exposure could greatly induce expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1), and glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) from 15‐day to 75‐day exposure, whereas 90‐day exposure caused significant decreases of three factors expression levels in lung. Our findings imply that the induction of Nrf2 expression is an adaptive intracellular response to TiO2 NPs‐induced oxidative stress in the mouse lung, and that Nrf2 is protective against TiO2 NPs‐induced pulmonary damages during certain exposure terms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A:2554–2562, 2012.
Dynamics of monocyte count: A good predictor for timing of peripheral blood stem cell collection
Authors: Yang Shen‐Miao , Chen Huan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Zhu Hong‐Hu , Zhao Ting , Liu Kai‐Yan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo investigate potential predictive parameters for successful collection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), 60 consecutive first mobilization attempts and 145 leukapheresis procedures for patients with hematologic malignancies (multiple myeloma: n = 20; acute leukemia: n = 27; lymphoma: n = 13) were analyzed. All patients underwent chemotherapy and granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor combined mobilization protocols. PBSC collection began when white blood cell (WBC) count rebounded to >1.0 × 109/L. Poor mobilization (PM) was defined as <2.0 × 106/kg of ideal body weight CD34+ cells were collected from at least three leukapheresis procedures. PM incidence was 15% (9/60). On the first apheresis day, CD34+ cell yield was closely associated with the final yield. Failure to reach the first‐day target of 0.7 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg was perfectly matched with PM. Circulating WBC and monocyte (MO) counts preleukapheresis had a positive correlation with final CD34+ cell yield. For the first‐day apheresis target, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that MO count had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.806 (P = 0.004). An optimal predictive cutoff value for MO count was 1.455 × 109/L with both high sensitivity and specificity of 0.739 and 0.899, respectively. Patients who began leukapheresis with an MO count of ≥1.455 × 109/L accomplished more successful first‐day collections than those of their counterparts (P = 0.021). ROC analysis also showed preapheresis WBC count had a high AUC of 0.768 (P = 0.012). However, we could not find a WBC indicator to initiate leukapheresis. In conclusion, circulating MO count after mobilization is a helpful parameter to determine the optimal time point for starting a PBSC collection. J. Clin. Apheresis 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.