bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Termination (−O, −F or −OH) and Metal Doping on the HER Activity of Mo2CTx MXene
Authors: Li Huidong , Chen Yuping , Tang Qing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional MXenes have recently garnered significant attention as electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, previous theoretical studies mainly focused on the effect of pure functional groups while neglecting hybrid functional groups that are commonly observed in experiments. Herein, we investigated the hybrid functionalized Mo2CTx MXene (T=−O, −F or −OH) to probe the HER properties. In binary O/F co‐functionalization, the presence of F groups would attenuate the H adsorption and lead to the enhanced HER activity than the fully O‐terminated Mo2CO2. However, the surface HER activity of ternary O/F/OH functionalized Mo2CTx is not satisfactory owing to the relatively weak H adsorption capacity. To further enhance the catalytic activity, modification was performed by introducing another metal element into its lattice structure. The doped metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) exhibits reduced charge transfer to O compared to Mo atoms, leading to enhanced H adsorption and improved overall activity. The synergistic effect of hybrid functionalization and TM modification provides useful guidance for achieving feasible Mo2CTx candidates with high HER performance, which can be applied to the electrocatalytic applications of other MXenes.
An opportunity or burden? Firms' engagement in poverty alleviation campaign under different business strategies
Authors: Zou Hailiang , Ouyang Ling , Yang Xiyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe government‐initiated campaign for targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) not only affords corporations an opportunity to extend their presence into underdeveloped regions but also imposes a consequential burden upon them to contribute to ameliorating poverty. Firms' motivations in this endeavor are intricately linked to the alignment of their business strategies with the TPA activities. We posit that firms adopting a cost leadership approach are inclined to actively partake in poverty alleviation, due to a congruence between their strategic positioning and the activities intrinsic to poverty alleviation. And firms embracing a differentiation strategy are impelled by extrinsic pressures to engage in poverty alleviation, as they face heightened societal expectations regarding their involvement in such altruistic endeavors. Drawing from a dataset comprising Chinese listed firms from 2017 to 2020, our empirical findings bring to light a significant correlation between both cost leadership and differentiation strategies and firms' contributions to the TPA campaign. And, the impact of a cost leadership strategy on firms' involvement in poverty alleviation activities surpasses that of a differentiation strategy. This influence is further accentuated for firms contending with rivals pursuing a differentiated approach in the competitive landscape, which may block their way moving upmarket. Moreover, the nexus between a differentiation strategy and a firm's participation in poverty alleviation gains more strength where local government intervention in the economy is more pronounced. This study delves into the nuanced motivations that underpin firms' participation in the TPA campaign within the framework of business strategies, offering insights for both policymakers and business practitioners.
Chitin‐Derived Hierarchical Meso‐ and Microporous Carbon Enables High‐Rate Sulfur Cathode of Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xu Huanhuan , Zhao Xiangyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRoom temperature Na−S batteries are considered as a promising alternative energy storage system because of their abundant material resources and high theoretical energy density. However, the severe polysulfide shuttle effect and slow reaction kinetics hinder their practical application. Herein, a hierarchical meso‐ and microporous carbon with nitrogen self‐doping (NSPC) is prepared using chitin as the carbon precursor and serves as a novel host to confine the sulfur (S⊂NSPC). An optimized structure of NSPC, including abundant graphite nanocrystals, large pore volume of 1.76 cm3 g−1, and large specific surface area of 2073 m2 g−1 is obtained at the carbonization temperature of 1000 °C. These merits contribute to significantly enhanced charge transfer and ion diffusion of the as‐prepared S⊂NSPC‐1000 cathode, which exhibits the outstanding sodium storage performance, including high reversible capacities of 1207 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 891 mAh g−1 at 2 C and stable cycling with a low capacity decay for 400 cycles at 1 C, among other S⊂NSPC cathodes and previously reported cathodes for Na−S batteries. This cathode can also afford stable cycling at a high sulfur loading.
First results of multi‐fluid modeling of detached hydrogen plasmas in a linear plasma device using fluid code LINDA‐NU
Authors: Sugiura Kento , Ido Taichi , Tanaka Hirohiko , Natsume Hiroki , Masuda Shota , Hoshino Kazuo , Sawada Keiji , Ohno Noriyasu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to simulate hydrogen (H) plasma in the linear plasma device NAGDIS‐II, we have modified the fluid code LINDA‐NU to allow the simultaneous calculation of multiple ion species consisting of hydrogen atomic ions () and molecular ions (). In this simulation, H and neutrals are assumed to be uniformly distributed in space in order to obtain initial qualitative results. The fraction of ions increases as the molecular density increases, and the recombination process between and electrons is observed to reduce the particle flux to the target plate. With an increase in H density, the electron density increases due to the decrease in ion flow velocity due to the change exchange process, and the electron temperature decreases to less than 1 eV, leading to the detached plasma formation attributed to the electron‐ion recombination process.
Morphological and life‐history trait plasticity of two Daphnia species induced by fish kairomones
Authors: Jin Qide , Wang Yeping , Zhang Kun , Li Guoqing , Chen Yanan , Hong Yujuan , Cheng Hanxue , Deng Daogui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDaphnia can avoid predation by sensing fish kairomones and producing inducible defenses by altering the phenotype. In this study, the results showed that the morphological and life‐history strategies of two Daphnia species (Daphnia pulex and Daphnia sinensis) exposed to Aristichthys nobilis kairomones. In the presence of fish kairomones, the two Daphnia species exhibited significantly smaller body length at maturity, smaller body length of offspring at the 10th instar, and longer relative tail spine of offspring. Nevertheless, other morphological and life‐history traits of the two Daphnia species differed. D. pulex showed a significantly longer relative tail spine length and earlier age at maturity after exposure to fish kairomones. The total offspring number of D. sinensis exposed to fish kairomones was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas that of D. pulex was significantly lower. These results suggest that the two Daphnia species have different inducible defense strategies (e.g., morphological and life‐history traits) during prolonged exposure to A. nobilis kairomones, and their offspring also develop morphological defenses to avoid predation. It will provide reference for further exploring the adaptive evolution of Daphnia morphology and life‐history traits in the presence of planktivorous fish.
The effects of environmental variability and forest management on natural forest carbon stock in northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaye Melkamu , Derebe Yonas , Kibrie Wondwossen , Debebe Fikadu , Emiru Etsegenet , Gedamu Bahiru , Tamir Mulugeta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNatural forests are crucial for climate change mitigation and adaptation, but deforestation and degradation challenges highly reduce their value. This study evaluates the potential of natural forest carbon stock and the influence of management interventions on enhancing forest carbon storage capacity. Based on forest area cover, a study was conducted in nine purposely selected forest patches across various forest ecosystems. Data on diameter, height, and environmental variables from various forest management approaches were collected and analyzed with R Ver. 4.1. The findings revealed a substantial difference (p .029) in carbon stock between environmental variables and management interventions. The findings revealed a strong connection between environmental variables and the overall pool of carbon stock within forest patches (p .029). Carbon stocks were highest in the Moist‐montane forest ecosystem (778.25 ton/ha), moderate slope (1019.5 ton/ha), lower elevation (614.50 ton/ha), southwest‐facing (800.1 ton/ha) and area exclosures (993.2 ton/ha). Accordingly, natural forests, particularly unmanaged parts, are sensitive to anthropogenic stresses, decreasing their ability to efficiently store carbon. As a result, the study highlighted the importance of sustainable forest management, particularly area exclosures and participatory forest management, in increasing forest carbon storage potential.
What Is the Aim of Pediatric “Gender‐Affirming” Care?
Authors: Gorin Moti 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe original “Dutch Protocol”—the treatment model comprised of puberty blockers, cross‐sex hormones, and surgery—was intended to improve the mental and physical health of pediatric patients experiencing distress over their sexed bodies. Consequently, both researchers and clinicians have couched eligibility for treatment and measures of treatment efficacy in terms of the interventions’ effects on outcomes such as gender dysphoria, depression, anxiety, and suicide. However, recent systematic reviews have concluded that the scientific evidence supporting these interventions is uncertain, leading to significant international differences in what treatments are offered to youth. Against this backdrop, a different argumentative approach has emerged in support of gender‐affirming care. This approach appeals not to reductions in patient morbidity or mortality but to patient autonomy, where medical intervention is pursued as a means to the satisfaction of a patient's “embodiment goals.” In this article, I raise objections to autonomy‐based justifications for pediatric gender‐affirming care, concluding that these arguments misunderstand the place of autonomy in clinical decision‐making and, consequently, put patients at risk of medical harm.
Passion versus positivity: How work passion and dispositional affect predict job satisfaction and its facets
Authors: Landay Karen , Schwartz Shoshana , Williams Jaime L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWork passion—a motive that contains affective and cognitive components—is highly desirable and has positive consequences for individuals and organizations. We propose work passion as the missing piece that can explain unique variance in job satisfaction above and beyond the established predictor of dispositional affect. Taking a motivational approach based on the Dualistic Model of Passion and self‐determination theory, we tested how two types of work passion (harmonious and obsessive) and two types of dispositional affect (positive and negative) predicted overall job satisfaction and nine job satisfaction facets (satisfaction with pay, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, contingent rewards, operating conditions, coworkers, the nature of work, and communication). In a two‐wave study of working adults, structural equation modeling and regression‐based relative weights analysis showed that harmonious passion predicted the largest proportion of variance in job satisfaction overall and in all nine of its facets. Together, our findings highlight the importance of harmonious passion and the utility of a motivational theoretical perspective on job satisfaction for HR scholars and practitioners.
Outcomes of interventions in neonatal sepsis: A systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Taneri Petek Eylul , Devane Declan , Kirkham Jamie , Molloy Eleanor , Daly Mandy , Branagan Aoife , Suguitani Denise , Wynn James L. , Kissoon Niranjan , Kawaza Kondwani , Simons Sinno H. P. , Bonnard Lívia Nagy , Giannoni Eric , Strunk Tobias , Ohaja Magdalena , Mugabe Kenneth , Quirke Fiona , Bazilio Kateregga , Biesty Linda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile a systematic review exists detailing neonatal sepsis outcomes from clinical trials, there remains an absence of a qualitative systematic review capturing the perspectives of key stakeholders.ObjectivesOur aim is to identify outcomes from qualitative research on any intervention to prevent or improve the outcomes of neonatal sepsis that are important to parents, other family members, healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers as a part of the development of a core outcome set (COS) for neonatal sepsis.Search StrategyA literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases.Selection CriteriaPublications describing qualitative data relating to neonatal sepsis outcomes were included.Data Collection and AnalysisDrawing on the concepts of thematic synthesis, texts related to outcomes were coded and grouped. These outcomes were then mapped to the domain headings of an existing model.Main ResultsOut of 6777 records screened, six studies were included. Overall, 19 outcomes were extracted from the included studies. The most frequently reported outcomes were those in the domains related to parents, healthcare workers and individual organ systemas such as gastrointestinal system. The remaining outcomes were classified under the headings of general outcomes, miscellaneous outcomes, survival, and infection.ConclusionsThe outcomes identified in this review are different from those reported in neonatal sepsis clinical trials, thus highlighting the importance of incorporating qualitative studies into COS development to encapsulate all relevant stakeholders' perspectives.
Hospital costs and reimbursement for short‐stay inpatient versus observation status hospitalizations for children with medical complexity
Authors: Arar Stephanie , Hall Matt , Johnson Katherine , Katragadda Harita , Martinez Kelli , Dadwani Anum , Chen Clifford N. , Devarakonda Aishwarya , Gribbons Megan , Challa Lasya , Gupta Ankita T. , Patel Amee , Solomon Courtney , Nunneley Chloë E. , Lee Benjamin C. , Yu Andrew G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of uniformity across hospitals in applying inpatient versus observation status for short‐stay (<48 h) pediatric hospitalizations, with negative financial implications associated with observation. Children with medical complexity (CMC) represent a growing population and incur high costs of care. The financial implications of inpatient and observation status for CMC have not been studied.ObjectivesTo compare costs and reimbursement for short‐stay hospitalizations for CMC by inpatient and observation status, overall and stratified by payor.MethodsWe performed a cohort study of short‐stay hospitalizations for CMC from 2016 to 2021 at 10 children's hospitals reporting reimbursement in the Pediatric Health Information System and Revenue Management Program. The primary outcome was the cost coverage ratio (CCR), defined as an encounter's reimbursement divided by the estimated cost.ResultsThere were 89,282 encounters included. The median costs per encounter were similar across observation ($5206, IQR $3604–$7484) and inpatient ($6547, IQR $4725–$9349) encounters. For government payors, the median CCR was 0.6 (IQR 0.2–0.9) for observation encounters and 1.2 (IQR 0.8–1.9) for inpatient. For nongovernment payors, the median CCR was 1.6 (IQR 1.3–1.9) for observation and 1.6 (IQR 1.4–2) for inpatient. Government reimbursement was associated with increased risk for financial loss (OR 13.91, 95% CI 7.23, 26.77) and with a median net loss of $985,952 (IQR $389,871–$1,700,041) per hospital annually for observation encounters.ConclusionsGovernment‐paid observation encounters for CMC are associated with significant financial loss at children's hospitals. This reimbursement model may pose a threat to children's hospitals' ability to care for CMC.
A multicenter randomized trial to compare automatic versus as‐needed follow‐up for children hospitalized with common infections: The FAAN‐C trial protocol
Authors: Coon Eric R. , Greene Tom , Fritz Julie , Desai Arti D. , Ray Kristin N. , Hersh Adam L. , Bardsley Tyler , Bonafide Christopher P. , Brady Patrick W. , Wallace Sowdhamini S. , Schroeder Alan R. ,   FAAN‐C Trial Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPhysicians commonly recommend automatic primary care follow‐up visits to children being discharged from the hospital. While automatic follow‐up provides an opportunity to address postdischarge needs, the alternative is as‐needed follow‐up. With this strategy, families monitor their child's symptoms and decide if they need a follow‐up visit in the days after discharge. In addition to being family centered, as‐needed follow‐up has the potential to reduce time and financial burdens on both families and the healthcare system. As‐needed follow‐up has been shown to be safe and effective for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, but the extent to which hospitalized children with other common conditions might benefit from as‐needed follow‐up is unclear.MethodsThe Follow‐up Automatically versus As‐Needed Comparison (FAAN‐C, or “fancy”) trial is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Children who are hospitalized for pneumonia, urinary tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, or acute gastroenteritis are eligible to participate. Participants are randomized to an as‐needed versus automatic posthospitalization follow‐up recommendation. The sample size estimate is 2674 participants and the primary outcome is all‐cause hospital readmission within 14 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes are medical interventions and child health‐related quality of life. Analyses will be conducted in an intention‐to‐treat manner, testing noninferiority of as‐needed follow‐up compared with automatic follow‐up.DiscussionFAAN‐C will elucidate the relative benefits of an as‐needed versus automatic follow‐up recommendation, informing one of the most common decisions faced by families of hospitalized children and their medical providers. Findings from FAAN‐C will also have implications for national quality metrics and guidelines.
Quantitative evaluation of soil water balance under a ridge‐furrow rainwater harvesting system in Chinese rainfed agroecosystem
Authors: Zhang Jiasen , Zhang Lin , Liu Xufei , Yang Xue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe ridge‐furrow rainwater harvesting system (RFRH) is an advanced farmland management technology that plays a vital role in making full use of rainwater resources. However, it is not clear that RFRH affects crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by regulating soil water storage (SWS). Therefore, the present study conducted a meta‐analysis to make a large compilation of previous studies and indirectly quantify the impact of RFRH on crop yield and WUE by analysing the effect of RFRH on SWS.RESULTSThe results showed that RFRH improved crop yield and WUE by 26.71% and 25.86%, respectively, by increasing SWS by 3.93% compared to the traditional flat cultivation. RFRH had a significant effect on increasing crop yield and WUE and improving SWS. A low ridge‐furrow ratio and ridge‐furrow mulching were recommended to obtain positive effects on crop yield and WUE when potatoes are grown in areas with high precipitation (600–800 mm). Furthermore, when nitrogen fertilization is applied during the crop growth period, we also found that a medium nitrogen fertilizer rate is recommended to achieve a significant positive effect on crop yield and WUE. Importantly, a win‐win analysis showed the proportions of various groups in the target zone (zone I) to determine the appropriate strategy for RFRH of crops.CONCLUSIONThe present study provides a scientific reference for the future application of the RFRH. The study provides scientific recommendations on crop types, ridge‐furrow configurations, plastic mulching patterns and nitrogen fertilizer rate for future RFRH applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Idiosyncratic phenology of greenhouse gas emissions in a Mediterranean reservoir
Authors: Rodríguez‐Velasco Eva , Peralta‐Maraver Ignacio , Martínez‐García Andrés , García‐Alguacil Miriam , Picazo Félix , Gonçalves Rodrigo J. , Ramón Cintia L. , Morales‐Baquero Rafael , Rueda Francisco J. , Reche Isabel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtreme hydrological and thermal regimes characterize the Mediterranean zone and can influence the phenology of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in reservoirs. Our study examined the seasonal changes in GHG emissions of a shallow, eutrophic, hardwater reservoir in Spain. We observed distinctive seasonal patterns for each gas. CH4 emissions substantially increased during stratification, influenced predominantly by the increase in water temperature, net ecosystem production, and the decline in reservoir mean depth. N2O emissions mirrored CH4's seasonal trend, significantly correlating to water temperature, wind speed, and gross primary production. Conversely, CO2 emissions decreased during stratification and displayed a quadratic, rather than a linear relationship with water temperature—an unexpected deviation from CH4 and N2O emission patterns—likely associated with photosynthetic uptake of bicarbonate and formation of intracellular calcite that might be exported to sediments. This investigation highlights the imperative of integrating these idiosyncratic patterns into GHG emissions models, enhancing their predictive power.
Environmentally Degradable Polymers Incorporating Stimuli‐Triggered Cleavable Linkages toward Industrial Materials
Authors: Ono Hideaki , Tanaka Shinji , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlastics designed to degrade upon exposure to ambient stimuli after use are emerging as promising alternatives to conventional plastics, considering environmental pollution. The so‐called “biodegradable polymers,” which can be degraded by enzymes or microbes, are the most reliable biodegradable polymers, and considerable effort is devoted to their practical application. Several other examples are also developed for the cleavage of chemical bonds in macromolecules, as one part of a vast variety of “stimuli‐responsive polymers,” especially for biomedical applications. These chemical insights provide a design concept that can even be extended to plastic materials. Here, stimuli‐cleavable linkages, drawing from the chemical insights cultivated in biomedical fields, intended for application in degradable plastics, are outlined. As stimuli for polymer degradation, pH changes, photoirradiation, and redox conditions are selected because polymers released in natural environments may inadvertently be exposed to these stimuli. The degradation pathways are grouped into five categories: 1) stimuli‐cleavable linkages, 2) self‐amplifying, 3) self‐immolative, 4) chain shattering, and 5) double responsive. The classification and organization of the stimuli‐cleavable linkages provide insights for designing new, degradable polymers.