bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communist Modernisation and Gender: The Experience of Bulgarian Muslims, 1970–1990
Authors: NAHODILOVA LENKA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article, which is part of a wider project, ‘Experiences of Communist Modernisation in a Bulgarian Muslim Village, 1945–2005’, examines the assimilation of Bulgarian-speaking Muslims in the Rhodope Mountains in the 1970s. By analysing communist efforts to ‘modernise’ Bulgarian Muslims, it sheds light on the relationship between modernity and the views of the communist state on such cultural categories as ‘nation’, ‘ethnicity’, ‘gender’ and ‘religion’. It argues that this particular campaign was not simply the latest chapter in an ongoing effort by the Bulgarian authorities to assimilate such populations, but should rather be seen as a specific response by the communist regime to ideas of modernity. Despite national and patriotic elements, the aim of the communist assimilation campaign was to introduce ‘modernity’ and ‘civilisation’ to the whole of Bulgarian society, especially those living at the social, cultural and political peripheries. In Bulgaria, as elsewhere in communist eastern Europe, gender and ethnic policy merged. Gender equality was one of the essential aims of the modernisation programme, but for the communist modernisers introducing gender equality among ethnically marginal groups, such as the rural Muslim group of Pomaks, was even more important. ‘Emancipating’ Muslim women was more significant than the ‘struggle against religion’ or the ‘fight for national homogeneity’.
Veiling in Style: How Does a Stigmatized Practice Become Fashionable?
Authors: Sandikci Özlem , Ger Güliz 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough stigma is prevalent in everyday life, consumer researchers’ interest on the topic remains scant and focuses mostly on stigma management. We move beyond individual coping strategies and examine the processes of stigmatization and destigmatization. Through an ethnographic study of fashion consumption practices of urban Turkish covered women, we explore how veiling, a deviant practice stigmatized in the secular and urban mind-set, first became an attractive choice for some middle-class women and then transformed into a fashionable and ordinary clothing practice for many. We map out the global multi-actored work that underlies the emergence of veiling as an attractive choice and explicate its gradual routinization and destigmatization. We discuss the findings in terms of their implications for understandings of choice and free will, the formative role of fashion in the evolution of a new habitus and social class, and the relationship between the market and religion.
Singularly perturbed nonlinear Dirichlet problems with a general nonlinearity
Authors: Byeon Jaeyoung 
Published: December 2009

LetΩ\Omegabe a bounded domain inRn,\mathbf {R}^n,n≥3,n \ge 3,with a boundary∂Ω∈C2.\partial \Omega \in C^2.We consider the following singularly perturbed nonlinear elliptic problem onΩ\Omega:\[ε2Δu−u+f(u)=0, u>0 on Ω,u=0 on ∂Ω,\varepsilon ^2 \Delta u - u + f(u) = 0, \ \ u > 0 \textrm { on }\Omega , \quad u = 0 \textrm { on } \partial \Omega ,\]where the nonlinearityffis of subcritical growth. Under rather strong conditions onf,f,it has been known that for smallε>0,\varepsilon > 0,there exists a mountain pass solutionuεu_\varepsilonof above problem which exhibits a spike layer near a maximum point of the distance functionddfrom∂Ω\partial \Omegaasε→0.\varepsilon \to 0.In this paper, we construct a solutionuεu_\varepsilonof above problem which exhibits a spike layer near a maximum point of the distance function under certain conditions onff, which we believe to be almost optimal.
Mesoscale, cyclonic eddies as larval fish habitat along the southeast United States shelf: a Lagrangian description of the zooplankton community
Authors: Govoni J. J. , Hare J. A. , Davenport E. D. , Chen M. H. , Marancik K. E. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Govoni, J. J., Hare, J. A., Davenport, E. D., Chen, M. H., and Marancik, K. E. 2010. Mesoscale, cyclonic eddies as larval fish habitat along the southeast United States shelf: a Lagrangian description of the zooplankton community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 403–411. The Charleston Gyre region is characterized by continuous series of cyclonic eddies that propagate northeastwards before decaying or coalescing with the Gulf Stream south of Cape Hatteras, NC, USA. Over 5 d, chlorophyll-a concentration, zooplankton displacement volume, and zooplankton composition and abundance changed as the eddy moved to the northeast. Surface chlorophyll-a concentration decreased, and zooplankton displacement remained unchanged as the eddy propagated. Zooplankton taxa known to be important dietary constituents of larval fish increased in concentration as the eddy propagated. The concurrent decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration and static zooplankton displacement volume can be explained by initial stimulation of chlorophyll-a concentration by upwelling and nutrient enrichment near the eddy core and to possible grazing as zooplankton with short generation times and large clutch sizes increased in concentration. The zooplankton community did not change significantly within the 5 d that the eddy was tracked, and there was no indication of succession. Mesoscale eddies of the region are dynamic habitats as eddies propagate northeastwards at varying speeds within monthly periods. The abundance of zooplankton important to the diets of larval fish indicates that the region can provide important pelagic nursery habitat for larval fish off the southeast coast of the United States. A month of feeding and growth is more than half the larval duration of most fish spawned over the continental shelf of the southeastern United States in winter.
Dominant‐negative derivative of EBNA1 represses EBNA1‐mediated transforming gene expression during the acute phase of Epstein–Barr virus infection independent of rapid loss of viral genome
Authors: Kariya Yumi , Hamatake Makiko , Urano Emiko , Yoshiyama Hironori , Shimizu Norio , Komano Jun 
Published: December 2009

The oncogenic human herpes virus, the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), expresses EBNA1 in almost all forms of viral latency. EBNA1 plays a major role in the maintenance of the viral genome and in the transactivation of viral transforming genes, including EBNA2 and latent membrane protein (LMP‐1). However, it is unknown whether inhibition of EBNA1 from the onset of EBV infection disrupts the establishment of EBV’s latency and transactivation of the viral oncogenes. To address this, we measured EBV infection kinetics in the B cell lines BALL‐1 and BJAB, which stably express a dominant‐negative EBNA1 (dnE1) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). The EBV genome was surprisingly unstable 1 week post‐infection: the average loss rate of EBV DNA from GFP‐ and GFP‐dnE1‐expressing cells was 53.4% and 41.0% per cell generation, respectively, which was substantially higher than that of an ‘established’oriP replicon (2–4%). GFP‐dnE1 did not accelerate loss of the EBV genome, suggesting that EBNA1‐dependent licensing of the EBV genome occurs infrequently during the acute phase of EBV infection. In the subacute phase, establishment of EBV latency was completely blocked in GFP‐dnE1‐expressing cells. In contrast, C/W promoter‐driven transcription was strongly restricted in GFP‐dnE1‐expressing cells at 2 days post‐infection. These data suggest that inhibition of EBNA1 from the onset of EBV infection is effective in blocking the positive feedback loop in the transactivation of viral transforming genes, and in eradicating the EBV genome during the subacute phase. Our results suggest that gene transduction of GFP‐dnE1 could be a promising therapeutic and prophylactic approach toward EBV‐associated malignancies.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 876–881)
The role of oxysterol binding protein‐related protein 5 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ishikawa Shinji , Nagai Youhei , Masuda Toshirou , Koga Yoshikatsu , Nakamura Tadahiko , Imamura Yu , Takamori Hiroshi , Hirota Masahiko , Funakosi Akihiro , Fukushima Masakazu , Baba Hideo 
Published: December 2009

The expression of oxysterol binding protein‐related protein (ORP) 5 is related to invasion and a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients. ORP5 induced the expression of sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) 2 and activated the downstream gene of sterol response element. ChIP using SREBP2 antibody revealed that histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was one of the downstream genes of SREBP2. The effect of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were analyzed according to the expression level of ORP5. The invasion rate and growth was suppressed in cells that strongly expressed ORP5 in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, but had less effect in cells weakly expressing ORP5, suggesting that when the potential of invasion and growth relies on the cholesterol synthesis pathway, it becomes sensitive to HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitor, tricostatin A, induced the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog as well when ORP5 was suppressed or the cells were treated with statin. Treatment with both statin and tricostatin A showed a synergistic antitumor effect in cells that highly expressed ORP5. Therefore, in some pancreatic cancers, continuous ORP5 expression enhances the cholesterol synthesis pathway and this signal transduction regulates phosphatase and tensin homolog through HDAC5 expression. This is the first report to detail how the signal transduction of cholesterol synthesis is related to cancer invasion and why statins can suppress invasion and growth.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 898–905)
Silencing of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine inhibits the growth of human melanoma cells with G1 arrest induction
Authors: Horie Kazutaka , Tsuchihara Masami , Nakatsura Tetsuya 
Published: December 2009

The overexpression of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is associated with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis in malignant melanoma. Its roles and underlying mechanisms on melanoma cell growth, however, are not fully clarified. To validate the potential of SPARC as a therapeutic target, we examined the effect of the knockdown of SPARC with SPARC‐specific siRNA on the growth of human melanoma cell lines. SPARC siRNAs exerted a potent knockdown effect. Silencing of SPARC resulted in growth inhibition with G1 arrest accompanied by accumulation of p21, a G1 cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, in MeWo and CRL1579 cells. Moreover, the induction of p53 was observed in MeWo cells, but not in CRL1579 cells. Conditioned media containing SPARC from MeWo cells could not restore the growth of SPARC‐silenced MeWo cells. This result suggests that intracellular SPARC, but not secreted SPARC, is involved in cell proliferation. In addition, silencing of SPARC induced apoptosis in MeWo and CRL1579 cells. Furthermore, when MeWo cells in which SPARC expression was transiently knocked down by SPARC siRNA were implanted in nude mice, the tumor growth was suppressed. Our findings suggest that SPARC contributes to cell growth and could be a potential target molecule for melanoma therapy.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 913–919)
Serial analysis of gene expression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: ADAMTS16 is upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sakamoto Naoya , Oue Naohide , Noguchi Tsuyoshi , Sentani Kazuhiro , Anami Katsuhiro , Sanada Yuichi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yasui Wataru 
Published: December 2009

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. To identify potential diagnostic markers for ESCC and therapeutic targets for ESCC, we used Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) on one ESCC sample. We obtained a total of 14 430 tags, including 5765 that were unique. By comparing SAGE tags from the ESCC sample with those from normal human squamous esophagus, we found several genes that were differentially expressed between ESCC and normal squamous esophagus. Among these, we focused on the ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 16 (ADAMTS16) gene because quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed a high level of ADAMTS16 expression in eight out of 20 ESCC samples (40%), but not in 15 kinds of normal tissues. Western blot analysis also showed upregulation of ADAMTS16 protein in ESCC tissues. Furthermore, ADAMTS16 protein was detected in culture media from the TE5 esophageal cancer cell line. Knockdown of ADAMTS16 in TE5 cells inhibited both cell growth and invasion ability. Our present SAGE data provide a list of genes potentially associated with ESCC. ADAMTS16 could be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for ESCC.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 1038–1044)
Employing participatory surveys to monitor the illegal killing of elephants across diverse land uses in Laikipia–Samburu, Kenya
Authors: Kahindi Onesmas , Wittemyer George , King Juliet , Ihwagi Festus , Omondi Patrick , Douglas‐Hamilton Iain 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLevels and trends of illegal killing of elephants are measured by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) programme in sites across Africa and Asia. In the mostly unprotected Laikipia–Samburu MIKE site in northern Kenya, elephant mortality data were collected using both standard law enforcement monitoring procedures, relying on patrolling, and participatory methods involving local communities. Qualitatively, traditional patrolling techniques were more successful in protected areas whereas participatory approaches provided more information outside protected areas, where elephant were most at risk from ivory poachers. A minimum of 35% of the 389 verified carcasses during 2001–2003 were illegally killed. In this baseline study, land uses ranked from highest to lowest by the proportion of illegally killed elephants (PIKE) were community conservation areas, government trust lands, forest reserves, private ranches, settlement areas and national reserves. PIKE trends derived from traditional and participatory data sources were similar across years and indicate elephants were at greater risk in regions outside government or privately patrolled areas. We suggest that PIKE is a useful index for comparing levels and trends in illegal killing of elephants, and that carcass ratios and presence/absence of tusks are useful proxy indicators of mortality and its causes.
Goal‐setting in paediatric rehabilitation: perceptions of parents and professional
Authors: Øien I. , Fallang B. , Østensjø S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground  In paediatric rehabilitation, there is a belief in goal‐setting as a fundamental component of decision‐making that encourages collaboration and motivation, and improves outcomes. This study aimed to explore parents' and professionals' perceptions of setting and implementing goals within a family centred rehabilitation programme for preschoolers with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods  Parents and service providers of 13 preschoolers with CP, classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System level I‐III, participated in two‐step focus group interviews.Results  Three major themes emerged, each with two subthemes: (1) ‘Goals enhance competence’ with the subthemes ‘parents as drivers’, and ‘awareness through observation’; (2) ‘Goals direct attention’ with the subthemes ‘goals as valuable means’ and ‘collaboration through participation’, and (3) ‘Goals enter everyday life’ with the subthemes ‘goals as activities’ and ‘training vs. everyday practise’. A fourth theme ‘child perspective’ with the subthemes ‘follow‐up initiative’, ‘capture mastery’, and ‘create learning opportunities’ was both an exclusive theme and integrated in the other three main themes.Conclusions  Active involvement of parents throughout the process of setting and implementing goals seemed to increase their feeling of competency and partnership with professionals. Concrete goals based on families' preferences and concerns, participatory observation, and discussions with professionals, came out as valuable means for practice of functional tasks within home environments.
Concurrent validity of the parent‐completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires, 2nd Ed. with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II in a low‐risk sample
Authors: Gollenberg A. L. , Lynch C. D. , Jackson L. W. , McGuinness B. M. , Msall M. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground  This study assessed the concurrent validity of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) compared with Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II) amongst children aged 24 months.Methods  Data were collected from 53 infants and mothers who participated in the New York State Angler Cohort Child Development Study. Parents completed the 24‐month ASQ to assess communication, personal‐social, problem‐solving ability, and fine and gross motor control. The BSID II was administered by a clinical psychologist at the 24‐month home visit for cognitive and psychomotor assessment. The ASQ was scored using age‐specific norms of <2 SDs below any domain mean to define failure. A BSID II score of <85 indicated mild or severe delay, while a score of <70 suggested a severe delay.Results  Scores on the ASQ communication and personal‐social domains were moderately correlated with the BSID II Mental Scale (R= 0.52, P < 0.001; R= 0.45, P < 0.01) and ASQ gross motor with the BSID II Motor Scale (R= 0.46, P < 0.01), whereas ASQ problem‐solving and fine motor domains were not significantly correlated with BSID II scores. The ASQ had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 87% at 24 months (n= 40) for severely delayed status.Conclusions  Results suggest the ASQs provide a simple, valid, and cost‐effective method for clinicians and field‐based researchers to reduce the number of standardized assessments required to identify developmentally delayed infants at age 24 months. Future studies should further assess the validity of the ASQs in larger, more diverse populations of infants.
Evaluation of methods for estimating soil carbon dioxide efflux across a gradient of forest disturbance
Authors: SULLIVAN B. W. , DORE S. , KOLB T. E. , HART S. C. , MONTES‐HELU M. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBetter understanding of variation in soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux caused by measurement techniques is needed, especially over gradients of site disturbance, to accurately estimate the global carbon cycle. We present soil CO2efflux data from a gradient of disturbance to ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosaC. Lawson var.scopulorumEngelm.) forests in northern Arizona, USA that were obtained using four different techniques: vented static chambers, a Licor 6400‐09, and soil CO2diffusion profiles using two different models (Moldrup, Millington–Quirk) to estimate soil gas diffusivity. We also compared soil CO2efflux measured by the Moldrup and Millington–Quirk diffusion profile methods to nighttime total ecosystem respiration (TER) data from an eddy covariance tower. We addressed four questions: (1) Does the use of a given method to measure soil CO2efflux bias results across a disturbance gradient? (2) Does the magnitude of difference between observed and modeled estimates of soil CO2differ between methods and across sites? (3) What is the spatial variability of each method at each site? (4) Which method is closest to the estimate of TER measured by the eddy covariance tower? Although soil CO2efflux varied significantly among methods the differences were consistent among sites. Measured and modeled total growing season fluxes were generally higher for the Licor 6400‐09 and Millington–Quirk diffusion gradient methods compared with static chamber and the Moldrup diffusion gradient methods. A power analysis showed that the larger static chamber was the most efficient method at sampling spatial variation in soil CO2efflux. Nighttime measurements of soil CO2efflux from the Moldrup diffusion gradient method were most strongly related to nighttime TER assessed with eddy covariance. The use of a single, well‐implemented method to measure soil CO2efflux is unlikely to create bias in comparisons across a gradient of forest disturbance.
Effects of storm frequency on dune vegetation
Authors: GORNISH ELISE S. , MILLER THOMAS E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the Gulf of Mexico, barrier islands absorb the majority of wind and wave action from storms, which modifies their dune morphology and vegetation dynamics. Storm frequency is predicted to increase as a result of climate change, yet the effects of this change on coastal ecosystems remain poorly understood. Using estimates of plant growth in storm and nonstorm years from long‐term census data describing the dynamics of dune vegetation on St. George Island, FL, we built a first‐order model that predicts how dune communities will respond to a change in storm frequency. It predicts that an increasing frequency of storms will result in a change in the vegetation across the dunes. The fore‐ and interdune communities are predicted to become more similar to one another through the dominance of a small number of common storm‐resilient species. Alternatively, the backdune community is predicted to become more distinct through an increase in rare species that represent primary succession. Finally, the model predicts that many species will not respond to an increase in the number of storms per year in the same manner in which they respond to current storm frequency. This model is beneficial both for the development of more complex approaches to predicting effects of climate change and for informing preventative management techniques.
Estimating carbon carrying capacity in natural forest ecosystems across heterogeneous landscapes: addressing sources of error
Authors: KEITH HEATHER , MACKEY BRENDAN , BERRY SANDRA , LINDENMAYER DAVID , GIBBONS PHILIP 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEvaluating contributions of forest ecosystems to climate change mitigation requires well‐calibrated carbon cycle models with quantified baseline carbon stocks. An appropriate baseline for carbon accounting of natural forests at landscape scales is carbon carrying capacity (CCC); defined as the mass of carbon stored in an ecosystem under prevailing environmental conditions and natural disturbance regimes but excluding anthropogenic disturbance. Carbon models require empirical measurements for input and calibration, such as net primary production (NPP) and total ecosystem carbon stock (equivalent to CCC at equilibrium). We sought to improve model calibration by addressing three sources of errors that cause uncertainty in carbon accounting across heterogeneous landscapes: (1) data‐model representation, (2) data‐object representation, (3) up‐scaling. We derived spatially explicit empirical models based on environmental variables across landscape scales to estimate NPP (based on a synthesis of global site data of NPP and gross primary productivity, n=27), and CCC (based on site data of carbon stocks in natural eucalypt forests of southeast Australia, n=284). The models significantly improved predictions, each accounting for 51% of the variance. Our methods to reduce uncertainty in baseline carbon stocks, such as using appropriate calibration data from sites with minimal human disturbance, measurements of large trees and incorporating environmental variability across the landscape, have generic application to other regions and ecosystem types. These analyses resulted in forest CCC in southeast Australia (mean total biomass of 360 t C ha−1, with cool moist temperate forests up to 1000 t C ha−1) that are larger than estimates from other national and international (average biome 202 t C ha−1) carbon accounting systems. Reducing uncertainty in estimates of carbon stocks in natural forests is important to allow accurate accounting for losses of carbon due to human activities and sequestration of carbon by forest growth.