bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations for Urban Agriculture Policies: Evidence from Norway’s Largest Urban Areas
Authors: Saglie Inger-Lise 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPublic policies for urban agriculture have lately been developer in several cities. This chapter investigates motivations for such policies in three Norwegian cities: Oslo, Bergen, and Trondheim. The motivations can be synthetized in five categories. They are much the same in the three cities but with different emphasis. First, urban agriculture is set into an urban “green” development discourse, particularly in Oslo and Bergen. “Green” not only means literally to make gray urban areas green by adding vegetation but also refers to an environmentally friendly urban development, increasing biodiversity and the amount of pollinator friendly plants. Second, food production and alternative food systems are important motivations, particularly in Trondheim and this municipality’s aim to couple urban agriculture to peri-urban professional agriculture. This aspect is also prominent in the policies in Bergen. Third, all cities underline the provision of social meeting places and local community building as a motivation for municipal support. Fourth, all cities consider urban agriculture as an important means for providing municipal welfare services, including work training, integration, health promotion, and spreading knowledge about growing. A fifth dimension is coupled to active citizenship and co-creation of city development particularly in Trondheim.
The Rise and Fall of Public Urban Gardens: Four Cases from in and around Copenhagen
Authors: Lamm Bettina , Tietjen Anne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents four cases of urban garden projects in and around Copenhagen, Denmark, started between 2011 and 2013: Prags Have, Byhaven 2200, Byhaven Sundholm, and Havnehaverne. All four urban gardens were community-based and public, yet they varied widely in their organisation, management, funding, and status of the sites they occupied. While two of the gardens were started by cultural activists, the others were the initiative of the municipality and a private land developer. All of them shared a vision of not only growing produce but also integrating spaces for social inclusion and community gatherings. Looking into their underlying value system and organisational structure allows us to compare how the different typologies of urban gardens would impact their ability to thrive and flourish. The authors were particularly interested in the agendas pursued by the communities who managed them, how these agendas related to the specific site and context, and how the communities negotiated public access requirements with creating an enduring gardening community. As both bottom-up projects closed after 4 to 6 years, it is relevant to look into what resources were needed to run them and what led to their ultimate closure.
Key Characteristics of Co-produced Urban Agriculture Visions in Oslo
Authors: Stafseng Vebjørn Egner , Nicolaysen Anna Marie , Lieblein Geir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this education research-oriented chapter, we present the findings from student and stakeholder co-produced visions, hindering and supporting forces and proposed action steps for urban agriculture initiatives in Oslo, Norway. Students in agroecology conducted participatory visioning workshops with initiatives in 2018 and 2019 and wrote reports based on these workshops. In our analysis of these reports, we found that the key characteristics of the visions could be categorized in terms of social, nature, and governance. Collaboration, lack of funds and time and other initiative-specific forces were common challenges to achieving the vision. Strong political support and increased interest in urban agriculture emerged as forces supporting the future visions. The proposed actions could be grouped in the categories of ecology, food, education, organization, social and municipality. The insights of our research on urban agriculture in public space gave us new perspectives and translations and can inform new and innovative visions.
Introduction: Research Ethics and Health Policy in Epidemics and Pandemics
Authors: Parker Michael , Bull Susan , Wright Katharine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic are contexts in which it is critical to draw upon learning from prior research and to conduct novel research to inform real-time decision-making and pandemic responses. While research is vitally important, however, emergencies are radically non-ideal contexts for its conduct, due to exceptional uncertainty, urgency, disruption, health needs, and strain on existing health systems, amongst other challenges. This generates novel ethical challenges and a broader conception of research ethics is necessary to effectively address the complexity of pandemic research contexts. Going beyond traditional approaches to research ethics centring on the design of specific studies, this broader conception requires consideration of fundamental questions relating to the exercise of power and influence throughout research pathways, and a broader attention to both salient ethical issues, and the ethical responsibilities of stakeholders. These include important questions about responsibilities to gather evidence and generate knowledge systematically during emergencies, to implement policy responses in ways that are amenable to evaluation, and even potential moral obligations to participate in research. In situations of heightened uncertainty, additional questions arise about what constitutes sufficient evidence to justify the development and implementation of policy responses, and the responsibilities of scientific and social science researchers involved in policy-making processes. The four cases in this chapter prompt reflection on evolving and at times competing values and responsibilities of policy-makers, regulators, health authorities and researchers during the design and conduct of research, and proposed early implementation of research findings. These cases highlight issues arising when conducting research of national importance in a pandemic, where researchers are required to liaise with authorities responsible for pandemic responses and address complex ethical issues, including protecting the interests of participants and publics when tensions arise between prioritising the completion of research and accelerating the rollout of novel health interventions. This chapter invites reflection on the practical ethical implications of commitments to undertake research during emergencies, including the nature and scope of the relevant responsibilities of a range of stakeholders.
Setting Research Priorities
Authors: Obengo Tom , de Vries Jantina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTime and resource constraints, combined with competing priorities, mean that research prioritization is a critical ethical consideration in pandemics and emergencies, given the increased need for relevant research findings to address health needs, and the multiple adverse ways that emergencies can impact capacities to conduct research. At international, national and local levels, careful consideration is needed of which research topics should be prioritized and on what grounds. This needs to take into account the ethically significant considerations that should inform prioritization; existing frameworks to guide prioritization decisions; and the consequences associated with prioritizing or de-prioritizing research. The need to prioritize research that is directly responsive to the pandemic may generate debate about which types of research should be prioritised, and within fields of research, which studies should be continued, paused, or re-oriented. In determining which research proposals may have the greatest likelihood of reducing urgent epidemic health burdens, both the nature and distribution of such burdens are key considerations. Epidemics and pandemics typically disproportionately affect the most disadvantaged and vulnerable people in society, highlighting the necessity of inclusive and responsive approaches, which evaluate not just which research approaches have the greatest potential public health benefit, but also the likelihood that they will help address inequities. Key questions also arise when determining if current studies should be de-escalated or stopped, particularly when this may result in highly compromised results. It is also important to consider what obligations arise for research communities (including funders) to pledge to taking the outcomes of research prioritisation processes into account. The case studies in this chapter prompt consideration of how qualitative research into the impacts of isolation should be prioritised, and whether and how research prioritization measures should be responsive to widespread use of traditional medicine and off-label use of medications. The cases also highlight issues that research teams may face as research priorities are re-evaluated in pandemics, including whether and how to redesign proposed research in response to the logistical challenges posed by the pandemic and evolving pandemic research priorities.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the damage state of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet in the tensile test, hydraulic bulging, and hydroforming processes
Authors: Yapan Yusuf Furkan , Korkmaz Habip Gökay , Toros Serkan , Türköz Mevlüt 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere has not been any damage prediction using Johnson-Cook’s (JC) hardening and damage model in the hydraulic bulging (HB) and hydroforming (HF), which are the advanced manufacturing processes, of the Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy. In the presented study, the damage behavior of the Ti64 alloy sheet in the HB and HF processes was investigated both experimentally and numerically for the first time to address the existing research gap. In this context, firstly, tensile tests (TT) were carried out on samples with different stress triaxiality values at three different tensile speeds, and the fracture morphologies of the samples were examined to evaluate whether it was appropriate to use the JC hardening and damage model. Since the fracture surfaces generally exhibit a ductile fracture morphology and are affected by stress triaxiality and strain rate, it was determined that it would be appropriate to use the JC hardening model and damage criterion to predict the damage of the Ti64 alloy in finite element analysis (FEA). Then, JC model parameters were determined by fitting the stress-strain curve obtained from the FEA and experimental tensile tests. In the HB experiments, bulging height and thickness thinning were predicted by FEA with an accuracy of 97% and 96.85%, respectively. In the HF experiments, the experimental burst pressure, die inlet radius, and base radius were predicted correctly at a rate of 92.5%, 95.5%, and 97.8%, respectively. Also, the thickness of the sample showed good agreement with the FEA results. The fracture zones in each process exhibited good agreement with the experimental results. Thus, it has been demonstrated that the JC damage criterion can be successfully applied in FEA if the Ti64 titanium alloy is damaged in various processes.
Image-based assessment of aortoiliac aneurysm anatomical characteristics in patients from the global iliac branch study
Authors: Bresler Alina-Marilena , Panthofer Annalise , Kuramochi Yuki , Olson Sydney L. , Eagleton Matthew , Schneider Darren B. , Lyden Sean P. , Blackwelder William C. , Uhl Christian F. , Bischoff Moritz S. , Matsumura Jon S. , Böckler Dittmar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Endovascular repair is the preferred treatment for aortoiliac aneurysm, with preservation of at least one internal iliac artery recommended. This study aimed to assess pre-endovascular repair anatomical characteristics of aortoiliac aneurysm in patients from the Global Iliac Branch Study (GIBS, NCT05607277) to enhance selection criteria for iliac branch devices (IBD) and improve long-term outcomes.

Methods
Pre-treatment CT scans of 297 GIBS patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair were analyzed. Measurements included total iliac artery length, common iliac artery length, tortuosity index, common iliac artery splay angle, internal iliac artery stenosis, calcification score, and diameters in the device's landing zone. Statistical tests assessed differences in anatomical measurements and IBD-mediated internal iliac artery preservation.

Results
Left total iliac artery length was shorter than right (6.7 mm, P = .0019); right common iliac artery less tortuous (P = .0145). Males exhibited greater tortuosity in the left total iliac artery (P = .0475) and larger diameter in left internal iliac artery's landing zone (P = .0453). Preservation was more common on right (158 unilateral, 34 bilateral) than left (105 unilateral, 34 bilateral). There were 192 right-sided and 139 left-sided IBDs, with 318 IBDs in males and 13 in females.

Conclusion
This study provides comprehensive pre-treatment iliac anatomy analysis in patients undergoing endovascular repair with IBDs, highlighting differences between sides and sexes. These findings could refine patient selection for IBD placement, potentially enhancing outcomes in aortoiliac aneurysm treatment. However, the limited number of females in the study underscores the need for further research to generalize findings across genders.
The Landsteiner lung cancer research platform (LALUCA)
Authors: Lang-Stöberl Anna , Fabikan Hannah , Hochmair Maximilian , Kirchbacher Klaus , Rodriguez Vania Mikaela , Ay Leyla , Weinlinger Christoph , Rosenthaler David , Illini Oliver , Müser Nino , Funk Georg-Christian , Valipour Arschang 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Background
Lung cancer is a major health burden in Austria; however, limited real-world data exist on the diagnostic and treatment reality of lung cancer patients in Austria. The collection of high-quality data in a clinical setting is needed to gain insights into the real-world diagnostic and therapeutic management of lung cancer patients.

Methods
The Karl Landsteiner Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology implemented the Landsteiner lung cancer research platform (LALUCA), recruiting unselected lung cancer patients from two high volume centers in Vienna. This article describes the objectives, design, methodology of the registry and the process of implementation.

Results
A multidisciplinary team of lung cancer specialists created a custom designed variable catalogue for the LALUCA platform consisting of 17 categories with 180 variables. Detailed information on clinical characteristics, diagnostic interventions, molecular pathology as well as curative and palliative treatment modalities are collected. During an implementation phase in 2020, the platform was optimized using the data of 50 patients. Since then a total of 1200 patients have been enrolled. Recruitment for the registry is ongoing with a recruitment rate of approximately 400 patients per year.

Conclusion
The LALUCA registry is a web-based platform for the collection of real-world clinical data of lung cancer patients. Combining a large number of patients with a focus on gathering comprehensive data on diagnosis and treatment, the LALUCA registry provides a tool for investigation, evaluation, and improvement of the clinical management, survival and quality of care of Austrian lung cancer patients.
Investigating levels of remote operation in high-level on-road autonomous vehicles using operator sequence diagrams
Authors: Parr Hannah , Harvey Catherine , Burnett Gary , Sharples Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe continuing development of autonomous vehicle technology is making the presence of fully autonomous vehicles (SAE Level 5 of Driving Automation) on the road an ever more likely possibility. Similarly, regulation changes show countries are preparing for autonomous vehicles to increase their presence on public roads for both testing and use after sale. With this in mind, solutions to the problem of disengagement from the autonomous driving system by Level 5 vehicles, due to damage, operation outside of expected parameters or software failure among other reasons are being investigated including remote operation. This research aims to give evidence for the inclusion of remote operation into the autonomous driving and define the types of remote operation that may occur from existing literature. The four types of remote operation are Remote Monitoring, Remote Assistance, Remote Management and Remote Driving. Operator sequence diagrams are used to evaluate these types of remote operation in likely scenarios they may occur and draw conclusions about the role and the tasks the operator will be required to complete.
Signature-based Adaptive Cloud Resource Usage Prediction Using Machine Learning and Anomaly Detection
Authors: Sus Wiktor , Nawrocki Piotr 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the challenges in managing cloud computing clusters is assigning resources based on the customers’ needs. For this mechanism to work efficiently, it is imperative that there are sufficient resources reserved to maintain continuous operation, but not too much to avoid overhead costs. Additionally, to avoid the overhead of acquisition time, it is important to reserve resources sufficiently in advance. This paper presents a novel reliable general-purpose mechanism for prediction-based resource usage reservation. The proposed solution should be capable of operating for long periods of time without drift-related problems, and dynamically adapt to changes in system usage. To achieve this, a novel signature-based ensemble prediction method is presented, which utilizes multiple distinct prediction algorithms suited for various use-cases, as well as an anomaly detection mechanism used to improve prediction accuracy. This ensures that the mechanism can operate efficiently in different real-life scenarios. Thanks to a novel signature-based selection algorithm, it is possible to use the best available prediction algorithm for each use-case, even over long periods of time, which would typically lead to drifts. The proposed approach has been evaluated using real-life historical data from various production servers, which include traces from more than 1,500 machines collected over more than a year. Experimental results have demonstrated an increase in prediction accuracy of up to 21.4 percent over the neural network approach. The evaluation of the proposed approach highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate prediction method, especially in diverse scenarios where the load changes frequently.
Physical Neighbor Crosstalk in Time Division Multiplexed SQUID Arrays for TES Readout
Authors: Durkin Malcolm , Doriese William B. , Gard Johnathon D. , Hilton Gene C. , Hubmayr Johannes , Lew Richard , Maloney Erin , Reintsema Carl D. , Singh Robinjeet , Schmidt Daniel R. , Ullom Joel N. , Vale Leila R. , Vissers Michael R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTime division SQUID multiplexing is being developed as the TES readout technology for the ATHENA X-ray integral field unit and CMB-S4. Close packing of TDM and dc-biased SQUID components is motivated by chip area constraints but has resulted in significant physical neighbor crosstalk in previous generation chips. We present techniques to reduce physical neighbor crosstalk in both linear and two dimensional (2D) TDM chips as well as measurements of crosstalk in these chips.
An Overestimation Reduction Method Based on the Multi-step Weighted Double Estimation Using Value-Decomposition Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhao Li-yang , Chang Tian-qing , Guo Li-bin , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lei , Ma Jin-dun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe joint action-value function (JAVF) plays a key role in the centralized training of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)-based algorithms using the value function decomposition (VFD) and in the generating process of a collaborative policy between agents. However, under the influence of multiple factors such as environmental noise, inadequate exploration and iterative updating mechanism, estimation bias is inevitably introduced, causing its overestimation problem, which in turn prevents agents from obtaining accurate reward signals during the learning process, and fails to correctly approximate the optimal policy. To address this problem, this paper first analyzes the causes of joint action-value function overestimation, gives the corresponding mathematical proofs and theoretical derivations, and obtains the lower bound of the overestimation error; then, a MADRL overestimation reduction method based on the multi-step weighted double estimation named λWD QMIX is proposed. Specifically, the λWD QMIX method effectively achieves more stable and accurate JAVF estimation results using the bias correction estimation mechanisms based on the weighted double estimation and multi-step updating based on eligibility trace backup, without additionally adding or changing any network structure. The results of a series of experiments on the StarCraft II micromanipulation benchmark show that the proposed λWD QMIX algorithm can effectively improve the final performance and learning efficiency of the baseline algorithm, and can be seamlessly integrated with the partially MADRL algorithms based on communication learning.
Effect of hydrochar-doping on the performance of carbon felt as anodic electrode in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Delgado Yelitza , Tapia Natalia , Muñoz-Morales Martín , Ramirez Álvaro , Llanos Javier , Vargas Ignacio , Fernández-Morales Francisco Jesús 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, the feasibility of using hydrochars as anodic doping materials in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. The feedstock used for hydrochar synthesis was metal-polluted plant biomass from an abandoned mining site. The hydrochar obtained was activated by pyrolysis at 500 °C in N2 atmosphere. Under steady state conditions, the current exerted by the MFCs, as well as the cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves, showed that the activated hydrochar-doped anodes exhibited the best performance in terms of power and current density generation, 0.055 mW/cm2 and 0.15 mA/cm2, respectively. These values were approximately 30% higher than those achieved with non-doped or doped with non-activated hydrochar anodes which can be explained by the highly graphitic carbonaceous structures obtained during the hydrochar activation that reduced the internal resistance of the system. These results suggest that the activated hydrochar materials could significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of bioelectrochemical systems. Moreover, this integration will not only enhance the energy generated by MFCs, but also valorize metal polluted plant biomass within the frame of the circular economy.