bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic tags in the New Zealand hoki Macruronus novaezelandiae1
Authors: Smith P. J. , Patchell G. J. , Benson P. G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwelve enzymes and liver proteins were examined by starch and cellulose acetate electrophoresis in two samples of hoki Macruronus novaezelandiae from New Zealand. Two polymorphic enzymes, a‐glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, were found giving a mean heterozygosity of 0.027 over 12 enzyme loci or 0.016 over 15 protein loci. No differences in gene frequency were detected in nine regional samples collected from the New Zealand 200‐mile exclusive economic zone. Together with existing biological information on spawning grounds these data suggest that hoki in the New Zealand fishery form one stock.
Equine marker genes: Polymorphism for soluble erythrocyte malic enzyme
Authors: Guttormsen Sally A. , Weitkamp Lowell R. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphism for equine erythrocyte malic enzyme is detectable on starch gel electrophoresis. The frequency of MEIS was 0.06 in 667 Standardbred and 0.09 in 85 Thoroughbred horses. No genetically determined electrophoretic variation in soluble malate dehydrogenase was detected.
Phosphohexose isomerase polymorphism in the domestic cat
Authors: Auer L. , Bell K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic variation of the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) has been found in the erythrocytes of Australian domestic cats by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis at pH 8.2. Three complex patterns of isoenzymes, designated F, FS and S, were obtained migrating anodally. Limited family studies and the distribution of the three main phenotypes indicated that the polymorphism is controlled by two codominant autosomal alleles, PHIF and PHIS Gene frequencies for PHIF and PHIS have been calculated as 0.036 and 0.964 respectively. Three additional variant forms have also been observed.
Distribution of serum transferrin in spot, Leiostomus xanthurus
Authors: Jeffrey J. E. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySerum transferrin distribution was studied in 128 spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, obtained from the lower Rappahannock River of Virginia. Three phenotypes designated as TfA, TfB and TfAB were observed. These are described as representing two codominant alleles at a single gene locus. Phenotypic distribution did not differ significantly from that predicted by Hardy‐Weinberg analysis.
An excess of homozygotes at a serum esterase locus in the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus
Authors: Smith P. J. , Francis R.I.C.C. , Jamieson A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA serum esterase polymorphism in the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus revealed a significant excess of homozygotes in seven of eleven area samples collected in the N.E. Atlantic. Breaking down the data by sex, year class, size within year class and haul did not remove the homozygous excess. The presence of a null allele is unlikely due to the high frequency required and the lack of null allele homozygotes. It is suggested that the homozygous excess might arise from a shifting selection on different batches of larvae produced over the spawning area and season.
A contribution to the D system in horses*
Authors: Bouquet Y. , van Zeveren A. , van de Weghe A. , Mériaux J. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe inheritance of a new D system red cell antigen, factor 22, is described. It has also been possible to discriminate more efficiently between D system pheno‐groups enabling genotypes to be identified from phenotypes in the majority of cases. This improves the accuracy of animal identification and gene frequency estimates.
Electrophoretic types of leucine aminopeptidase in sheep serum
Authors: Llanes D. , Barbancho M. , Morera L. , Rodero A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryLeucine aminopeptidase in sheep serum was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Two phenotypes, A and B, were observed, of which the former was present in 70–90 % of all the sheep examined. These two phenotypes have been shown to be controlled by a single autosomal locus, with two alleles LayA and LapB. The LapA allele is dominant. The frequencies of Lap phenotypes and alleles were determined in eleven Spanish and two foreign breeds. Serum alkaline phospatase and serum leucine aminopeptidase are electrophoretically distinct.
Sources of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) typing reagents*
Authors: Amorena B. , Stone W. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySera from about 1000 cows were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of up to 100 lymphocyte samples. Cytotoxic antibodies presumably resulting from trans‐placental immunization of the cow by her calf were found in about 45% of these sera. The antibody titers of sera from parous cows rarely exceed 42, some persisted for over one year, but decreased notably at calving. Thirty‐five immune sera were also produced by alloimmunization with lymphocytes. They usually reached peak titers of up to 44 at 2 or 3 weeks after the initial immunization. Subsequent immunizations produced sera with very high titers but they were much more polyspecific. High‐titered antibodies were also produced by skin graft recipients. Useful cytotoxic antibodies were found in 19 of 111 colostrum whey samples. Studies on 13 dam‐calf pairs showed that the newborn calf may acquire cytotoxic antibodies from its mother's colostrum, but the only cytotoxic antibodies detectable in this calf s serum are those not directed against its own lymphocyte antigens. It is concluded that efficient lymphocyte typing requires antibodies from a variety of sources.
A simple technique using skin implants to produce histocompatability (BoLA) typing sera*
Authors: Pringnitz D. J. , McLaughlin K. , Benforado K. , Strozinski L. , Stone W. H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWe describe a technique to produce high‐titered bovine lymphocytotoxic anti‐sera using skin implants. The main advantage of this technique is that the skin does not need to be processed prior to implantation and no surgical skill is required. In addition, the skin can be stored for up to 2 weeks and can be shipped to other laboratories without special handling and without loss of immunogenicity.
Genetic variation in a population of the wild quail Coturnix coturnix japonica
Authors: Kimura Masao , Kato Hideki , Ito Shin‐ichi , Isogai Iwahiro 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTo investigate genetic variation and to compare it with those of domestic quail populations, enzymatic and non‐enzymatic proteins in a wild quail population were examined electrophoretically.The wild quail population had a genetic variability considerably lower than those of domestic populations. The average heterozygosity estimated for 22 loci was 0.090 in the wild quail population.
Sorbitol dehydrogenase genetics in the mouse: A ‘;null’ mutant in a ‘;European’ C57BL strain
Authors: Holmes Roger S. , Duley John A. , Hilgers J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA ‘;null’ activity variant phenotype for sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was observed in C57BL/LiA mice and used to examine the genetics of this enzyme. Linkage studies of the locus (Sdh‐1) with non‐agouti (a) and a biochemical Iocus encoding liver L‐α‐hydroxyacid oxidase (Hao‐1) demonstrated that it is coincident with or closely linked to the structural locus, previously localized on chromosome 2. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes were also examined, since the liver A2 isozyme exhibited some activity as a sorbitol dehydrogenase on cellulose acetate zymograms. It is apparent that SDH activity is not ‘;essential’ in this mouse strain.
Linkage between genes at the H blood group locus and the loci for C and J blood groups in pigs*
Authors: Rasmusen B. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA frequency of recombination between genes at the H and C blood group loci of θ= 115/271 = 0.424 ± 0.030 and between genes at the H and J blood group loci of θ= 831199 = 0.417 ± 0.035 has been calculated in pigs.
The pig histocompatibility system SLA: Serological study on a group of antigenic specificities
Authors: Renard Christine , Chardon P. , Vaiman M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe report presents an analysis of a group of class I SLA reagents which were highly correlated within one cluster in a previous analysis. Further population and family studies, and selected purification of several of these reagents led to the identification of 4 distinct specificities, namely SLA A 15, B 18, C 1 and A 16. Three of them, SLA A 15, B 18 and C 1, are actually in strong linkage disequilibrium and represent the main SLA haplotype in the Large White breed. SLA A 16 is present essentially in the Landrace breeds. SLA A 16 displays a strong cross‐reaction with SLA A 15 and there is another specificity in linkage disequilibrium with SLA A 16 which cross‐reacts with SLA B 18. Altogether, the strong linkage disequilibrium and the high degree of cross‐reactivity among the allelic products of the SLA complex explain the failure to detect the diversity of our reagents in previous studies.
Biochemical polymorphisms in goats with special reference to the Hungarian Native breed
Authors: Fésüs L. , Várkonyi J. , Áts Ágnes 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBiochemical polymorphisms (haemoglobin, serum transferrin, serum albumin, serum amylase, red cell phosphohexose isomerase, red cell carbonic anhydrase, ceruloplasmin and aryl esterase) of 224 Hungarian Native female goats and 21 imported male goats (German Improved, Saanen, Nubian, Slovakian White) have been studied.On the basis of the observed gene frequency values these polymorphic traits cannot be used efficiently in parentage control work or in correlation studies. There was no apparent association between the haemoglobin and transferrin type of the females and their reproductive performance.
Glucosephosphate isomerase poiymorphism in sheep
Authors: M. Beatty Elspeth , L. Doxey D. , FitzSimons J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo types of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) are described for the first time in sheep. Type T produced a 3‐b and pattern on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum samples, whereas type M produced a pattern of 5–7 bands. When 23 Scottish Halfbred ewes showing type T were mated to 3 Suffolk rams showing type M, their 32 offspring had frequencies of 0.72 and 0.28 for T and M respectively. There was no conclusive evidence that the types were controlled by codominant alleles or by simple Mendelian inheritance and neither was sex‐linked. The frequency of the rarer type (M) was sufficiently high to provide conclusive evidence of true enzyme polymorphism.
Equine marker genes: Polymorphism for plasminogen
Authors: R. Weitkamp L. , Costello‐Leary P. , A. Guttormsen S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphism for two autosomal alleles of equine plasminogen, PLG1 and PLG2, was demonstrated in plasma by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation, with a goat anti‐human plasminogen antibody. The frequency of PLC2 was 0.16 in 150 Standardbreds, 0.20 in 96 Thoroughbreds, and 0.39 in 32 Shetland ponies. No evidence for linkage of PLG with any of 13 marker loci was found.
A bovine ‘Ia‐like’ antigen detected by a xenogeneic monoclonal antibody
Authors: ‐J. Letesson J. , Coppe Ph. , Lostrie‐Trussart N. , Depelchin A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryA monoclonal antibody termed B2 Val 7C7, was produced by the fusion of xenoimmune mouse spleen cells with Sp2/0.Ag 14 myeloma cells. This antibody is specific for a polymorphic lymphocyte antigen; it was detected on cells from 138 out of 177 cattle by both 125I‐labelled protein A (solid‐phase radioimmunoassay, SPRIA) and gold‐labelled protein A (immunogold). Its binding was tested on various cell types (peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), thymocytes) from a variety of normal bovine donors. On the one hand, B2 Val 7C7 detects a determinant present on all IgG‐bearing lymphocytes, on 20 % of the non‐IgG‐bearing lymphocytes and on the majority of the monocytes. On the other hand, no binding occurs on any PMN or thymocytes. The detected membrane antigen was isolated by immunoprecipitation from an NP 40 extract of 3H‐leucine‐labelled cells. On SDS‐PAGE, it appears to be composed of two sub‐units: a 32 000‐dalton chain and a 27 000‐dalton chain. These results show that B2 Val 7C7 recognizes an alloantigenic specificity present on an Ia‐like antigen
Genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc protein) in pig plasma determined by agarose isoelectrofocusing
Authors: Ljungqvist L. , Hyldgaard‐Jensen J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGenetic polymorphism of the pig plasma vitamin D binding protein Gc was demonstrated by agarose isoelectrofocusing followed by either autoradiography or immunofixation with specific human Gc antiserum. Three different types F, FS and S were observed. Family data supported the genetic theory that the Gc types are controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles GcF and Gcs. Both alleles are present in Yorkshire and Duroc. In Danish Landrace and Hampshire only the GcF allele was observed.
Non‐MHC alloantigenic system in pigs (SLC) detected by leucoagglutination
Authors: Hruban V. , Dvořàk P. , Hradecký J. , Pazdera J. , Müller J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTwo cell membrane leucocyte alloantigens were detected in pigs by simple direct agglutination tests. Family studies showed that the locus controlling these antigens was not identical, or in close linkage, with the SLA major histocompatibility complex, SLB leucocyte locus or with the A, E, and N blood group loci. In the studied population, the locus termed SLC (Swine Leucocyte C locus) has two alleles controlling mutually exclusive antigens SLC‐1 and SLC‐2. The frequency of SLC1 and SLC2 alleles is 0.10 and 0.90, respectively. The antigens have not been detected on erythrocytes and thrombocytes but are well determined on granulocytes, peritoneal macrophages, mononuclears from different sources (thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes) and enriched T and B cells from peripheral blood.
Polymorphism and inheritance of serum esterases and β‐globulins in the paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis; Anabantidae)
Authors: Monostory Zsuzsa , Nagy András , Gervai Judit , Csányi Vilmos 
Published: August 2010

SummaryElectrophoretic variants of serum esterases and β‐globulins in two subspecies of paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis) were studied. Four esterase loci (Est‐1, Est‐2, Est‐3 and Est‐4), a single transferin (Tf) and another major β‐globulin locus (Bg) were identified by segregational analysis. Est‐3 seems to be a monomorphic. locus. Three alleles of Est‐1, two of Est‐2, two of Est‐4, four of Tf and two alleles of Bg were found in the laboratory population. None of these loci were closely linked. Electrophoretic patterns of F1 hybrids confirmed the monomeric structures of each of the studied proteins. Allelic segregation at the Tf and Bg loci was normal in F2 and backcross populations. In crosses of the two Macropodus subspecies there were deviations from Mendelian ratios because of missing recombinant esterase phenotypes. Each of these would have been homozygous Est‐2f/f. We suppose that Est‐2f/f causes lethality in the early phase of development, except in the Est‐1c/c, Est‐2f/f combination characteristic of the parental subspecies M.o. concolor.
Genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc) in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus)
Authors: Iseki Rieko , Kondo Kyoji 
Published: August 2010

SummaryIn the musk shrew (Suncus murinus), the electrophoretic bands in the post‐albumin region were identified as vitamin D binding protein (Gc) by the [3HI vitamin D3 binding method. Three Gc phenotypes were distinguished from each other: a single faster band (Gc‐A), a single slower band (Gc‐B) and the double bands (Gc‐AB). Results of mating experiments indicated that the Gc‐A and Gc‐B are controlled by two codominant alleles, Cca and Gcb at an autosomal locus (Cc), respectively. It was noticed that, in the Gc‐AB phenotypes, the Gc‐B band was constantly more intense than the Gc‐A band in the protein staining. The same tendency was also observed btween the homozygous Gc‐A and Gc‐B bands, and further, radioactivity of the Gc‐B bound with [3H] vitamin D3 was about twofold higher than that of the Gc‐A. These results suggest that the Gcb yields its protein product twofold more than the Gca. No cross‐reaction between the shrew proteins and a rabbit anti‐human Gc protein was observed.
Protein polymorphism in the fresh water snail Sernisulcospira libertina
Authors: Kimura Masao , Oniwa Kiyoko 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTo evaluate genetic variability in 19 population samples of the fresh water snail Semisulcospira libertina, 10 enzymes coded for by 13 presumptive gene loci were examined by starch gel electrophoresis. The mean proportion of polymorphic loci and the mean heterozygosity value estimated for the 19 samples were 0.199 and 0.063, respectively. The mean F statistics of Wright (1943) was estimated over the four polymorphic loci (PGM, 6‐PGD, MPI and PGI) for the snail populations to be 0.3615.
Abnormal segregation of alkaline ribonuclease genes in cattle1
Authors: Walawski K. , Glogowska B. , Kaźmir Z. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPolymorphism of alkaline ribonuclease in the leucocytes of 76 bulls, 554 cows and their progeny of 556 calves was investigated. All possible genotype matings were examined. Observed offspring genotypes were compared with the expected ratios. Abnormal genotype distribution was noticed: homozygous calves of RNaseB/RNaseB genotype were significantly fewer than expected.
Heterogeneity of horse transferrin: the role of carbohydrate moiety
Authors: Stratil A. , Tomášek V. , Bobák P. , Glasnák V. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryHomozygous horse transferrin (Tf O) is highly heterogeneous. In starch gel electro‐phoresis it gives at least 9 zones. Two main components (2a and 4b) were purified by rivanol and ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE‐Sephadex chromatogra‐phy and SP‐Sephadex chromatography. Molecular weights of 75 200 and 80 500 for components 2a and 4b, respectively, were determined by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. Amino acid compositions of the two components were similar, and there were no differences in the N‐terminus (glutamic acid followed by glu‐tamine) and the C‐terminus (valine). Differences were found in carbohydrate composition between components 2a and 4b. Component 2a contained 10 moles of sugar components per mole of protein (4 hexoses, 4 hexosamines and 2 sialic acids), while component 4b contained twice the number of both total carbohydrates and individual sugar components. Carbohydrates were identified as mannose and galac‐tose (ratio mannose:galactose = 1.5:l), N‐acetylglucosamine and N‐acetylneu‐raminic acid. At present it is not clear whether the difference between the two components resides solely in the difference of carbohydrate contents. It is proposed that component 2a has one diantennary glycan, while component 4b has two.
The plasma protease inhibitor system (Pi) of Standardbred horses
Authors: Bell K. , Patterson S. , Pollitt C. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe plasma protease inhibitor system (Pi) of Standardbred horses was studied by thin‐layer, high‐voltage, acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 4.6) followed by protein staining and staining for trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibition. In addition to the eight Thoroughbred alleles (PiF, g, i, L, N, S1, S2, u), another 10 alleles, designated PiH, j, k, o, p, q, r, v, x, z, were postulated to account for the 98 Pi types which were observed in Standardbreds. Detailed inhibitory spectra of the ‘new’ alleles were determined and further exceptions to the Pil, Pi2 classification of Juneja et al. (1979) were found. Limited family data demonstrated the genetic nature of the ‘new’ variants and confirmed the allelic inheritance of the ‘new’ Pi variants.
Comparison of bovine serum transferrin A and D2. II. Glycopeptides
Authors: Maeda K. , A. McKenzie H. , C. Shaw D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryGlycopeptides are isolated from subtilisin and pronase digests of whole bovine serum transferrin A and D2. The two variants yield glycopeptides with identical ami‐no acid composition. Hence, there is probably no amino acid substitution in this region of the peptide chain. Amino acid sequence determination of one glycopeptide (subtilisin glycopeptide 8) gives the sequence: (CHO)Asn‐Ser‐Ser‐Leu‐Cys. This sequence is identical with that of residues 491–495 of the sequence for human serum transferrin (MacGillivray et al., 1982) except that in the bovine transferrin, Asp is replaced by Asn, enabling carbohydrate attachment. A second glycopeptide sequence Arg‐(CHO)Asn‐Ala‐Thr‐Tyr is observed, and the significance discussed in relation to carbohydrate moieties of serum glycoproteins.
The occurrence of the feline A blood group antigen on lymphocytes
Authors: Symons R. , Bell K. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySera from 300 cats were tested for the presence of anti‐lymphocytic antibodies. One hundred and nineteen sera showed some activity with the majority (79) reacting only with lymphocytes from blood group A cats. Absorption of two such sera with A, AB and B erythrocytes and absorption of AB system reagents with lymphocytes from A and B blood group cats demonstrated that the A antigen is expressed on both erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Blood group and lymphocyte typing tests of foetuses indicated that the A antigen is present on these tissues as early as 46 days gestation. The erythrocytic B antigen could not be demonstrated on lymphocytes although a single antiserum, which reacted against lymphocytes from group B cats, was found. Several sera containing anti‐lymphocytic antibodies which were not related to the AB type were also detected.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in patients with chronic renal failure and healthy volunteers
Authors: Wootton R. , Soul‐Lawton J. , Rolan P. E. , Sheung C. T. C. Fook , Cooper J. D. H. , Posner J. 
Published: August 2010

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of the anti‐epileptic agent, lamotrigine, in patients with chronic renal failure and healthy volunteers. Methods Non‐compartmental pharmacoknetics of a single oral dose (200 mg) of the anti‐epileptic agent, lamotrigine, and its main metabolite, lamotrigine N2‐glucuronide, were determined for 10 patients with chronic renal failure of mean estimated creatinine clearance 18ml min−1 and a control group of 11 healthy volunteers, matched for age and gender. Results For lamotrigine, there were no significant differences in Cmax, tmax, AUC, t 1/2, z, CL/F and amount excreted in urine although t 1/2, z, tended to be longer for the renal failure group with a mean (± s.d.) of 35.9 ± 10.7 h vs 27.8 ± 4.3 h for the control group. For the renal failure group, Vz/F was 18% higher (95% Cl 1% to 39%) compared with controls and CLR was reduced to 61% (95% Cl 46% to 80%) of the control group value. For lamotrigine glucuronide, Cmax, was increased 4‐fold (95% Cl 3.1 to 5.3) and AUC 7.8–fold (95% Cl 6.0 to 10.1) in the renal failure group compared with controls. CLR was approximately 9‐fold lower and apparent t1/2 was increased by 53% (95% Cl 27% to 84%). Concentrations of an N2 ‐methylated cardo‐active metabolite, previously observed in dogs, were below the limit of detection (2 ng ml−7) of the ASTED/h.p.l.c. assay in the renal failure group as well as controls. Conclusions These results indicate that impaired renal function will have little effect on the plasma concentrations of lamotrigine achieved for a given dosing regimen.