bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘We are survivors too’: African‐American youths' experiences of coping with parental breast cancer
Authors: Davey Maureen P. , Tubbs Carolyn Y. , Kissil Karni , Niño Alba 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: To explore how African‐American youth cope with the diagnosis and treatment of parental breast cancer, and to identify culturally sensitive ways to recruit and sustain participation of this vulnerable population in intervention programs.Methods: Three qualitative focus groups which were part of a larger study were conducted with 12 African‐American youth between the ages of 11 and 18, currently coping with parental breast cancer from the Northeastern part of the United States. Interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis.Results: African‐American youth described fear and uncertainty about the mortality of their parent, their unpredictable future, and discomfort in negotiating breast cancer's relationship with the entire family. Four primary themes emerged which were coping with cancer, it affects us too, changes in family functioning, and growth through pain. African‐American youth described feeling overlooked by their families and oncology staff treating their parents, often being in the role of protecting their parents physically and emotionally.Conclusions: This study suggests that clinicians can improve the care of African‐American breast cancer patients and their adolescent children by being more family‐centered. Adolescents need more developmentally appropriate preparation for the family changes likely to occur when a parent is diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. Developing a support group comprised of other youth coping with parental breast cancer from diagnosis throughout treatment was described as a preferred intervention to promote a shared understanding in order to overcome feelings of isolation, worry, and fear. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and CO2 stress on Phytophthora nicotianae zoospore survival
Authors: Ahonsi Monday O , Banko Thomas J , Doane Stargel R , Demuren Ayodeji O , Copes Warren E , Hong Chuanxue 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan is a common pathogen of ornamental plants in recycled irrigation systems. In a previous study, annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus Don) inoculated with zoospore suspensions using a CO2‐pressurized sprayer had less foliage blight than plants inoculated using a hand sprayer. Here, the impact of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and aeration with CO2 on the survival of P. nicotianae zoospores was examined.RESULTS: Exposure of zoospores to 840 kPa hydrostatic pressure for 8 min or agitation at a mixing intensity (G) of 6483 s−1 for 4 min at 22–23 °C did not kill zoospores, but resulted in viable cysts. Motile and forcefully encysted zoospores of P. nicotianae were equally infectious on vinca or lupine (Lupinus polyphylus Lindl.). Bubbling CO2 into zoospore‐infested water at 110.4 mL (0.2 g) min−1 for 5 min caused 81% reduction in the number of germinated zoospores. Pressure at 630 kPa (16.3 g CO2) or 70 kPa (3.85 g CO2) facilitated CO2 injection and shortened the zoospore inactivation time to 30 s. When air was bubbled through the suspension, germination was similar to the control.CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to CO2 killed P. nicotianae zoospores in water. Neither pressure nor agitation had an effect on zoospore viability or infectivity. Based on results of this study, the authors designed a recycling CO2 water treatment system that is currently under evaluation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of various Metarhizium isolates against green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Shan Le‐Tian , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Twenty‐three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikof) Sorokin and M. acridum (Driver & Milner) JF Bischoff, Rehner & Humber from non‐aphid host insects around the globe were evaluated for their aphid biocontrol potential, which is not well known.RESULTS: The apterous adults of green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were exposed to the fungal sprays of 11.5, 99 and 1179 conidia mm−2 and blank control in three leaf‐dish bioassays. All the tested isolates except one were proven to be infective to the aphid species at 21 ± 1 °C and 14:10 h light:dark photoperiod, causing corrected mortalities of 10.1–95.3% at the high spore concentration. The data from ten isolates causing > 50% mortality at the high concentration were found to fit a time–concentration–mortality model well, yielding parameters for the estimates of their LC50 and LT50 that vary with post‐spray time and spore concentration respectively. Four isolates of M. anisopliae (ARSEF 759, 4132, 2080 and 576) had LC50 values of 44–80 conidia mm−2 on day 8 and LT50 values of 4.9–6.8 days at 100 conidia mm−2, with 91–98% of the killed aphids being well mycotised after death.CONCLUSION: The Metarhizium infectivity to M. persicae differs greatly among the tested isolates. The four mentioned isolates with desired virulence and sporulation potential are excellent candidates for microbial control of aphids. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Recommended drug options for nausea and vomiting
Authors: Fallon Rachael , Boulger Sarah , Fraser Christopher , Moriarty Kieran 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe management of nausea and vomiting requires a careful history followed by the use of an appropriate antiemetic. Our Drug review discusses the available drug options and their properties, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
The physical properties of SnS films grown on lattice‐matched and amorphous substrates
Authors: Devika M. , Koteeswara Reddy N. , Prashantha M. , Ramesh K. , Venkatramana Reddy S. , Hahn Y. B. , Gunasekhar K. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe development of high‐quality tin monosulphide (SnS) layers is one of the crucial tasks in the fabrication of efficient SnS‐based optoelectronic devices. Reduction of strain between film and the substrate by using an appropriate lattice‐matched (LM) substrate is a new attempt for the growth of high‐quality layers. In this view, the SnS films were deposited on LM Al substrate using the thermal evaporation technique with a low rate of evaporation. The as‐grown SnS films were characterized using appropriate techniques and the obtained results are discussed by comparing them with the properties of SnS films grown on amorphous substrate under the same conditions. From structural analysis of the films, it is noticed that the SnS films deposited on amorphous substrate have crystallites that were oriented along different directions. However, the SnS crystallites grown on Al substrate exhibited epitaxial growth along the [101] direction. Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman studies reveal that the films grown on Al substrate have better optical properties than those of the films grown on amorphous substrates.
Spectroscopic properties of Yb3+‐doped Ca4Gd0.5Y0.5O(BO3)3 single crystals
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wei Bo , Wang Guofu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractYb3+‐doped Ca4Gd0.5Y0.5O(BO3)3 single crystals with good optical quality have been grown by the Czochralski method. The grown crystal was characterized using X‐ray powder diffraction. The polarized absorption and emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime of anisotropic monoclinic crystal Yb3+: Ca4Gd0.5Y0.5O(BO3)3 (Yb: GdYCOB) have been measured. Based on the absorption and emission spectra, the Stark energy‐level distribution was located. The spectrum and laser parameters of Yb3+: Ca4Gd0.5Y0.5O(BO3)3 (Yb: GdYCOB) crystal have been calculated.
The compatibility approach in the classical theory of thermoelectricity seen from the perspective of variational calculus
Authors: Seifert Wolfgang , Zabrocki Knud , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Müller Eckhard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe compatibility approach introduced by Snyder and Ursell opens a new pathway for the improvement of thermoelectric (TE) device performance. It has been shown that sufficient compatibility is – besides an increase of the averaged figure of meritZ– essential for efficient operation of a TE device, and that compatibility will facilitate rational materials selection, device design, and the engineering of functionally graded materials (FGMs). In this paper, the authors give an overview of the fundamental results and present a new approach from the perspective of variational calculus. A particular focus is on the role of ideal self‐compatibility, i.e., adjusting compatibility locally at any position along a TE leg.
Development of Tb‐doped ZnO nanorods: Effect of nitrogen ion irradiation on luminescence and structural evolution
Authors: Bayan S. , Das U. , Mohanta D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this work, we present surfactant‐(cetyl‐trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) assisted solid‐state fabrication and characterization of hydroxyl‐free ZnO and Tb‐doped ZnO nanorods. 80‐MeV nitrogen ion irradiation (fluence: upto 8 × 1012 ions/cm2) was performed to explore irradiation‐induced modification in the structural and optical properties of the nanorods. In the asymmetrically broadened photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the irradiated samples, the band‐edge emission (∼370 nm) is found to be suppressed due to the dominance of the defect related emissions. Apart from ZnO‐defect‐related emissions (within 405–535 nm) due to zinc/oxygen vacancies, interstitial etc., we have adequately identified the Tb‐related 5D4–7F6 and 5D4–7F5 transitions at ∼490 and 548 nm, respectively. At the highest fluence (8 × 1012 ions/cm2), the nanorod structural ordering is lost, which is characterized by a luminescence quenching. The nitrogen irradiation at the chosen energy/fluence, and selective Tb‐related transitions are promising for precise control over tunability in the specific luminescence patterns of interest.
Non‐destructive evaluation of plasticity and prediction of fatigue failure in industrial aluminium alloys with positrons
Authors: Wirtz M. , Eich P. , Haaks M. , Loewenhoff Th. , Maier K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe concentration of lattice defects in plastically deformed metals can be measured by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) with an outstanding sensitivity. The positron acts as a highly mobile atomic probe sensitive to all defects forming an open volume in the lattice. Using a positron microbeam, like the Bonn positron microprobe (BPM), the lateral distribution of these defects in the sub‐surface layer can be mapped with a resolution down to one micrometer. In this work the changes in the defect concentration were determined during tension tests on the aluminium alloys AA2024, AA6013 and AA6082. The results show that these changes depend on the configuration and the heat treatment of the alloys. Moreover, alternating load fatigue tests were performed on AA6082. The defect distribution was measured laterally resolved employing the BPM in several early stages of fatigue. Using those results the number of cycles to fatigue failure was extrapolated. The trueness of the prediction was tested by further fatiguing the sample until failure occurs.
Phase stability and magnetic properties of the Heusler alloy Mn2CuAl ribbons
Authors: Feng Z. Q. , Luo H. Z. , Wang Y. X. , Li Y. X. , Zhu W. , Wu G. H. , Meng F. B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new Mn‐based Heusler alloy Mn2CuAl has been synthesized by the melt‐spinning method. It has an ordered bcc structure and is a ferrimagnet with a saturation moment of 1.44 µB/f.u. at 5 K. The magnetization mainly comes from the contributions of the antiparallel aligned Mn spin moments. A compensation point is observed at 630 K, indicating the antiferromagnetism between the two Mn sublattices. The Curie temperature of the ribbons is 690 K. When heated to 740 K, the Mn2CuAl ribbons completely decompose to a mixture of a tetragonal phase and a Cu9Al4 phase.
Room temperature magnetoresistance of La0.7Ca0.2Ba0.1MnO3/Ag thin films
Authors: Kuru Y. , Habermeier H.‐U. , Tripathi R. , Awana V. P. S. , Kishan H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEpitaxial manganite thin films with very high room temperature magnetoresistance (MR) values are designed by tuning several parameters as composition, microstructure, substrate material, and film thickness, simultaneously. The resulting La0.7Ca0.2Ba0.1MnO3/Ag composite thin films deposited on (111) SrTiO3 have room temperature MR values exceeding 75% under 7 T applied magnetic field. The opportunity to develop materials out of the manganite family for specific conditions and applications by simultaneous adjustment of several degrees of freedom is successfully demonstrated.
Computer‐simulation design of new phase‐change memory materials
Authors: Hegedus J. , Elliott S. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPhase‐change (PC) materials are being developed for a new non‐volatile electronic‐memory technology to replace flash memory. Fast, reversible transformations between amorphous and crystalline states (with different electrical resistivities, thereby encoding bits of information) are produced by appropriate voltage pulses. Existing PC materials, such as Ge‐Sb‐Te compounds, have so far been developed empirically. We present the first design, in silico, of a simulated new PC material, whose (cubic) crystal structure, and electrical‐resistivity level, has been predetermined. Heterogeneous crystallization of PC memory cells has been reproduced by ab initio molecular‐dynamics simulation for the first time. We show how an optimal choice of cell boundaries can drastically speed up crystallization and enhance resistivity contrast. This optimization method opens up a yet‐unexplored dimension of the study of PC materials. The present computational approach offers a route for the efficient discovery of ultrafast PC materials that could even replace DRAM.
Optical properties of InN grown on Si(111) substrate
Authors: Sakalauskas E. , Schley P. , Räthel J. , Klar T. A. , Müller R. , Pezoldt J. , Tonisch K. , Grandal J. , Sánchez‐García M. A. , Calleja E. , Vilalta‐Clemente A. , Ruterana P. , Goldhahn R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA comprehensive characterization of the optical properties of wurtzite InN films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates is presented. Two types of films are investigated in this work: InN on AlN/Si(111) and InN on GaN/AlN/Si(111). Their properties are compared to a layer deposited on GaN/sapphire substrate. The dielectric function (DF) is obtained from spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The infrared studies yield the plasma frequency and thus the electron density, while the interband absorption is probed between 0.56 and 9.8 eV. For InN grown on Si(111) substrate, the absorption onset is slightly shifted to higher energies with respect to the InN film grown on GaN/sapphire which can be attributed to higher electron concentrations. Despite this, strongly pronounced optical transitions due to critical points of the band structure are found in the high‐energy part of the DF. It emphasizes the already promising quality of the InN films on silicon. Band‐gap renormalization (BGR), band filling, and strain are taken into account in order to estimate the intrinsic band gap of wurtzite InN. For the InN layers on silicon, we get a band gap between 0.66 and 0.685 eV.
The structure of InAlN/GaN heterostructures for high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Vilalta‐Clemente A. , Poisson M. A. , Behmenburg H. , Giesen C. , Heuken M. , Ruterana P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn the investigated InAlN/GaN layers, it is shown that the surface morphology and the crystallinity of the alloy critically depend on the In composition. Atomic force microscopy analysis points out that step flow growth is not easily attained in this system. When the InAlN or AlN interlayer thickness is increased, the growth mode becomes three‐dimensional. However, the formed islands are hundred of nanometers apart, and were not observed in the transmission electron microscope.
Stability of diatomic hydrogen in oxygen‐deficient ZnO
Authors: Karazhanov S. Zh. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHere, we report a comparative analysis of the stability of different configurations of diatomic H and an oxygen vacancy, VO, in O‐deficient ZnO. It is found that in O deficient environment two spatially separated H, one occupying the interstitial site Hi and the other one substituting the O atom HO, which form shallow donor levels, can be energetically more favorable than the ${\rm H}_2^* $ complex and other possible locations of H and VO.
Field‐induced magnetic reorientation in ultrathin ferromagnetic films: Phase diagrams
Authors: Ilkovič V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe magnetic reorientation transition can be induced by applying an external transverse magnetic field. The magnetic field at which the magnetization reaches the field direction is called the reorientation magnetic field. The reorientation magnetic field in ultrathin ferromagnetic films is studied within the framework of the many‐body Green function theory. The model Hamiltonian includes a Heisenberg term with different surface exchange couplings with respect to the bulk one, a second‐order single‐ion anisotropy, and a transverse external magnetic field in the x‐direction. The single‐ion anisotropy term is treated by the generalized Anderson–Callen decoupling scheme. We investigate the reorientation magnetic field $h_{0R}^x$ as a function of the surface single‐ion anisotropic parameter $K_{2,S} (T \to 0)$ for different: film thicknesses L, surface exchange coupling enhancements ΔS, temperatures, T and as a function of the temperature for different film thicknesses L.
EPR study of chromium centres formed in hexagonal RbMgF3 and RbZnF3 single crystals
Authors: Ebisu Hiroshi , Takeuchi Hideo , Arakawa Masanori 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEPR measurements have been made on single crystals of RbMgF3 doped only with chromium or codoped with chromium and lithium. Three kinds of trigonally symmetric Cr3+ spectra were observed. Strong spectrum observed from codoped RbMgF3 is ascribed to Cr3+–Li+ pair centre. Other two centres are identified by considering the signs of the fine structure parameters $b_2^0$. Weak spectrum observed from RbMgF3 doped only with chromium is ascribed to a simply‐substituting Cr3+ ion at the MgII site in the face‐sharing Mg2F9 unit. The spectrum observed after X‐ray irradiation for the above crystal is ascribed to a simply‐substituting Cr3+ ion at the MgI site in the single octahedron unit. Similar Cr3+ centres are identified for hexagonal‐RbZnF3 codoped with chromium and lithium. An empirical rule for the sign and magnitude of the $b_2^0$ parameter among the Cr3+ centres in the hexagonal‐BaTiO3 type fluorides is presented. Site preference substitution by trivalent chromium ion in RbMgF3 was found.
Multiphoton excitation of disc shaped quantum dot in presence of laser (THz) and magnetic field for bioimaging
Authors: Lahon Siddhartha , Gambhir Monica , Jha P. Kumar , Mohan Man 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecently, multiphoton processes in nanostructures have attracted much attention for their promising applications, especially in growing field of bioimaging. Here we investigate the optical response of quantum disc (QD) in the presence of laser and a static magnetic field. Floquet theory is employed to solve the equation of motion for laser driven intraband transitions between the states of the conduction band. Several interesting features namely dynamic stark shift, power broadening, and hole burning on excited levels degeneracy breaking are observed with variation of electric and magnetic field strengths. Enhancement and power broadening observed for excited states probabilities with increase of external fields are directly linked to the emission spectra of QD and will be useful for making future bioimaging devices.
Study of the release of gallic acid from (–)‐epigallocatechin gallate in old oolong tea by mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Ren‐Jye , Lee Viola S. Y. , Tzen Jason T. C. , Lee Maw‐Rong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLiquid chromatography combined with multiple‐stage mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) was used to study the pathway of the release of gallic acid (GA) from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in infusion of old oolong tea. The possibility of releasing GA from EGCG in old tea preparations was supported by an in vitro observation of GA degraded from EGCG under heating conditions mimicking the drying process. Negative electrospray ionization with the data‐dependent mode of MSn was used to study the formation pathway of GA in old oolong tea. The MSn data show that GA was released from the dimer of EGCG, not directly degraded from EGCG. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An injection method for measuring the carbon isotope content of soil carbon dioxide and soil respiration with a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer
Authors: Moyes Andrew B. , Schauer Andrew J. , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Bowling David R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present a novel technique in which the carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of soil CO2 is measured from small gas samples (<5 mL) injected into a stream of CO2‐free air flowing into a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDL). This new method extends the dynamic range of the TDL to measure CO2 mole fractions ranging from ambient to pure CO2, reduces the volume of sample required to a few mL, and does not require field deployment of the instrument. The measurement precision of samples stored for up to 60 days was 0.23‰. The new TDL method was applied with a simple gas well sampling technique to obtain and measure gas samples from shallow soil depth increments for CO2 mole fraction and δ13C analysis, and subsequent determination of the δ13C of soil‐respired CO2. The method was tested using an artificial soil system containing a controlled CO2 source and compared with an independent method using the TDL and an open soil chamber. The profile and chamber estimates of δ13C of an artificially produced CO2 flux were consistent and converged to the δ13C of the CO2 source at steady state, indicating the accuracy of both methods under controlled conditions. The new TDL method, in which a small pulse of sample is measured on a carrier gas stream, is analogous for the TDL technique to the development of continuous‐flow configurations for isotope ratio mass spectrometry. While the applications presented here are focused on soil CO2, this new TDL method could be applied in a number of situations requiring measurement of δ13C of CO2 in small gas samples with ambient to high CO2 mole fractions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.