bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL RADIUS ALGEBRAS AND C0 CONTRACTIONS. II
Authors: PETROVIC SRDJAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe consider spectral radius algebras associated with C0 contractions. When the operator A is algebraic, we describe all invariant subspaces that are common for operators in its spectral radius algebra ℬA. When the operator A is not algebraic, ℬA is weakly dense and we characterize a set of rank-one operators in ℬA that is weakly dense in ℒ(ℋ).
Exploring the Sun
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: September 2010

NASA has selected five science investigations for its Solar Probe Plus, a spacecraft slated to launch by 2018 and explore the Sun's corona as it extends into space. The selected science proposals include an investigation to count electrons, protons, and helium ions in the solar wind and measure their properties; a wide‐field imager telescope to make three‐dimensional images of the Sun's corona; and a fields experiment to make direct measurements of electric and magnetic fields, radio emissions, and shock waves moving through the Sun's atmospheric plasma. Other selected proposals include an integrated science investigation of the Sun to monitor electrons, protons, and ions accelerated to high energies in the Sun's atmosphere and an investigation of heliospheric origins.“The experiments selected for Solar Probe Plus are specifically designed to solve two key questions of solar physics—why is the Sun's outer atmosphere so much hotter than the Sun's visible surface and what propels the solar wind that affects Earth and our solar system? We've been struggling with these questions for decades and this mission should finally provide those answers,” said Richard Fisher, director of NASA's Heliophysics Division.
A Bright Future for Substorms: Tenth International Conference on Substorms; San Luis Obispo, California, 22–26 March 2010
Authors: Kissinger J. , McPherron R. L. 
Published: September 2010

Intense auroral displays are caused by substorms, events in the Earth's magnetosphere consisting of an abundance of plasma physics processes. More than 120 scientists gathered to discuss the latest findings on this phenomenon at a conference organized by Vassilis Angelopoulos, Larry R. Lyons, and Robert L. McPherron of the University of California, Los Angeles.Just as a thunderstorm cannot be properly analyzed with a single weather station, substorms cannot be properly studied with a single satellite in the vastness of space. Recent satellite missions now provide several simultaneous observations of key processes. Extensive networks of ionospheric radars, magnetometers, and all‐sky imagers extend around the world. This has resulted in unprecedented coverage and conjunctions, brightening scientists' understanding of substorms.
Space Geodetic Data Improve Seismic Hazard Assessment in California: Workshop on Incorporating Geodetic Surface Deformation Data Into UCERF3; Pomona, California, 1–2 April 2010
Authors: Hearn E. H. , Johnson K. , Thatcher Wayne 
Published: September 2010

A workshop was held to begin scientific consideration of how to incorporate space geodetic constraints on strain rates and fault slip rates into the next generation Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, version 3 (UCERF3), due to be completed in mid‐2012. Principal outcomes of the meeting were (1) an assessment of secure science ready for UCERF3 applications within the next year, and (2) an agenda of new research objectives for the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and others in support of UCERF3 and related probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (PSHA).A number of goals potentially achievable within a year were identified, including (1) slip rate and fault locking depth estimates, with uncertainties or ranges, for all major and some minor faults of the extended San Andreas system; (2) strain rate estimates or bounds on rates for selected regions lying off the major faults of the San Andreas system; and (3) corrections or bounds on perturbing effects of postseismic deformation and elastic modulus heterogeneities on the observed Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field (needed as input to models for estimating fault slip and strain rates in goals 1 and 2 above).
China's medical periodicals: from localization to internationalization
Authors: SHEN Min , JIANG Wan‐Jie , ZHENG Shu‐sen 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTFrom English and Chinese periodicals published by missionaries, to Chinese and English periodicals published by the Chinese, China's medical periodicals have experienced a developmental process that is the outcome of the introduction of Western medicine into China, gradually replacing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to become eventually the mainstream medicine. For half a century after the founding of People's Republic of China, Chinese medical periodicals focused on serving the planned economy, directed as they were by government policies on healthcare and publication. These periodicals scarcely entered the international sphere, and became typical regional publications. This article charts the interesting history of these developments. At the beginning of the 21st century, the growth of international medical exchange put Chinese medical periodicals in a difficult position: both good submissions and subscriptions are insufficient for viability. In today's multicultural world, the internationalization of Chinese medical periodicals can be accomplished by promoting the internationalization of TCM and regional medicine. The ability to ensure academic independence and control of their economic management are essential if these periodicals are to thrive.
Authorship conflict in Bangladesh: an exploratory study
Authors: AHMED Hasan Shareef , HADI Abdullahel , CHOUDHURY Nuzhat 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the causes, types, and consequences of authorship conflicts among the researchers of selected research institutions in Dhaka, Bangladesh; and to suggest ways to reduce conflicts. A sample of 100 researchers was given a semi‐structured questionnaire; 45 subjects responded. The responses were confidential and anonymous. Over two‐thirds of the respondents were aware of authorship conflicts, and one‐third had actually faced conflicts with their co‐authors. Of them, four faced conflicts with their juniors, while 13 faced conflicts with their seniors or supervisors. The primary causes of such conflicts appear to be unethical claims of authorship, violation of authorship order, and deprivation of authorship. In most cases, the victims became frustrated and had to give up, and avoided a direct clash to safeguard their job. Four respondents claimed to have been victimized for raising their voice. Conflict was never resolved in seven cases. To reduce conflicts, respondents suggested that authorship should be decided before the study begins, order of authorship must be determined according to contribution, and a standard code of authorship should be followed strictly. Authorship conflicts arise among researchers mostly due to what they regard as unethical practice of their co‐authors, supervisors, and department heads in the absence of any formal authorship policy in the institutions. A standard code of authorship, sensitization of researchers to the problem through open discussions and advocacy, and formation of a grievance redress committee are suggested to minimize such conflicts. Although the sample size was small, some of the specific recommendations will be appropriate in many other cases.
Scholarly book publishing practice: the ALPSP survey findings
Authors: COX Laura 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTIn summer 2009 ALPSP undertook the first industry‐wide survey into scholarly book publishing practice. This article covers the key findings and attempts to describe the current scholarly book and e‐book publishing landscape. Publishers' development of e‐books varies considerably from early experimentation to being a standard component of their publishing programme. However, publishers of all shapes and sizes have developed some common policies and practices despite the rapid evolution of an emerging element of scholarly publishing. E‐books currently make up a small, if growing, proportion of total book sales, although they are currently one of the most talked about developments in the entire publishing industry.
The role of the aggregator: using third‐party suppliers to reach the market
Authors: MARLOW Martin 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAs e‐books start to move from experimentation to expansion in certain sectors and regions of the world, this paper looks to take a fresh approach to the conundrum of aggregator choice. Is the aggregator route the right decision for all types of publisher? What should publishers be looking for in an aggregation partner? What should be expected or requested both in terms of basic provision as well as value‐added services. And what will the aggregators expect from their publishing partners? With an emphasis on practical suggestions and tips on how all parties can get the most out of the relationship, this paper explores how things are changing as digital moves to front of stage.
FastPval: a fast and memory efficient program to calculate very low P-values from empirical distribution
Authors: Li Mulin Jun , Sham Pak Chung , Wang Junwen 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Resampling methods, such as permutation and bootstrap, have been widely used to generate an empirical distribution for assessing the statistical significance of a measurement. However, to obtain a very low P-value, a large size of resampling is required, where computing speed, memory and storage consumption become bottlenecks, and sometimes become impossible, even on a computer cluster.
Results: We have developed a multiple stage P-value calculating program called FastPval that can efficiently calculate very low (up to 10−9) P-values from a large number of resampled measurements. With only two input files and a few parameter settings from the users, the program can compute P-values from empirical distribution very efficiently, even on a personal computer. When tested on the order of 109 resampled data, our method only uses 52.94% the time used by the conventional method, implemented by standard quicksort and binary search algorithms, and consumes only 0.11% of the memory and storage. Furthermore, our method can be applied to extra large datasets that the conventional method fails to calculate. The accuracy of the method was tested on data generated from Normal, Poison and Gumbel distributions and was found to be no different from the exact ranking approach.
Availability: The FastPval executable file, the java GUI and source code, and the java web start server with example data and introduction, are available at http://wanglab.hku.hk/pvalue
Contact: junwen@hku.hk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online and http://wanglab.hku.hk/pvalue/.
Tissue advanced glycation end products are associated with diastolic function and aerobic exercise capacity in diabetic heart failure patients
Authors: Willemsen Suzan , Hartog Jasper W.L. , Hummel Yoran M. , van Ruijven Marieke H.I. , van der Horst Iwan C.C. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: September 2010

AimsAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are increased in patients with diabetes and are associated with diastolic dysfunction through the formation of collagen crosslinks in the heart. The association among AGEs, diastolic function, and aerobic capacity in heart failure (HF) patients with and without diabetes is, however, unknown. We therefore studied the association among tissue AGEs, diastolic function, and aerobic capacity in patients with HF with or without diabetes.Methods and resultsIn chronic HF patients (with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction), tissue AGEs [skin autofluorescence (AF)], diastolic function (echocardiographic mean E′ and E/E′), and aerobic capacity [peak oxygen uptake (VO2) on cardiopulmonary exercise testing] were obtained. A total of 49 diabetics and 156 non‐diabetics were included. Diabetics were older and had more cardiovascular risk factors, but left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) were similar. Tissue AGEs were higher in diabetics compared with non‐diabetics (2.8 ± 0.8 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7 a.u.; P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a correlation between tissue AGEs and mean E′ (r = −0.30; P < 0.001, after adjustment for age, r = −0.21; P = 0.004). Aerobic capacity was significantly lower in diabetic patients with HF (peak VO2: 17.4 ± 5.1 vs. 21.7 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg; P = 0.001), even after adjustment for age and LVEF. Peak VO2 was related to skin AF (P = 0.03), independent of age, diabetes, LVEF, and New York Heart Association functional class.ConclusionPatients with diabetes and HF have similar LVEF but poorer exercise capacity compared with non‐diabetic HF patients. Our data suggest that these findings might be explained by the observed association among tissue AGE levels, diastolic function, and exercise capacity.
Recognizing Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
Authors: Guerrerio Anthony L , Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio Pamela A , Lederman Howard M , Oliva‐Hemker Maria 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTGiven the complex immune function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it is not surprising that many children with primary immunodeficiencies present with GI tract manifestations. Although many immunodeficiency disorders present with overt evidence of immune dysregulation, a few can present in older children with more subtle signs and symptoms. Such children may present first to a gastroenterologist with common symptoms, including malabsorption, diarrhea, hepatomegaly, or inflammatory bowel disease, which may actually be a manifestation of their underlying immune disorder. A thorough clinical history in combination with a careful review of histology from biopsies may reveal clues that one is dealing with a disease entity outside the norm and may prompt additional laboratory studies beyond the usual set of screening laboratory tests. Once the true underlying diagnosis is revealed, more appropriate therapy can be initiated. Additionally, more appropriate anticipatory guidance regarding the expected disease course, response to medications, and any additional risks that therapy may entail can be provided to the family.
Tissue-Adapted Invasion Strategies of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Marcel Sylvain , Sawers Ruairidh , Oakeley Edward , Angliker Herbert , Paszkowski Uta 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast, the most serious foliar fungal disease of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). During hemibiotrophic leaf infection, the pathogen simultaneously combines biotrophic and necrotrophic growth. Here, we provide cytological and molecular evidence that, in contrast to leaf tissue infection, the fungus adopts a uniquely biotrophic infection strategy in roots for a prolonged period and spreads without causing a loss of host cell viability. Consistent with a biotrophic lifestyle, intracellularly growing hyphae of M. oryzae are surrounded by a plant-derived membrane. Global, temporal gene expression analysis used to monitor rice responses to progressive root infection revealed a rapid but transient induction of basal defense-related gene transcripts, indicating perception of the pathogen by the rice root. Early defense gene induction was followed by suppression at the onset of intracellular fungal growth, consistent with the biotrophic nature of root invasion. By contrast, during foliar infection, the vast majority of these transcripts continued to accumulate or increased in abundance. Furthermore, induction of necrotrophy-associated genes during early tissue penetration, previously observed in infected leaves, was not seen in roots. Collectively, our results not only report a global characterization of transcriptional root responses to a biotrophic fungal pathogen but also provide initial evidence for tissue-adapted fungal infection strategies.
Multiple Identities and Representations: Experiences in the Study of People's Life‐worlds in Rural Malawi
Authors: Tembo Fletcher 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that in generating perceptual meanings of social actors as data, researchers need to deal with multiple representations, identities and categorisations of their own and those of their informants. The need to also consider power dynamics that develop in the communication process between the “researcher” and the "researched" in the process of generating data is also emphasised. The paper suggests that an analysis of image‐conflicts can be used to reveal the “hidden meanings” during these research encounters and improve the quality of research findings.
Brainstorming, Modified Logframes and the Conversion of Research Hypotheses into Field Questions: Reflections from Team‐based Fieldwork in Eastern India
Authors: Corbridge Stuart , Williams Glyn , Srivastava Manoj , Véron René 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper considers some practical problems associated with organising large‐scale comparative field research in eastern India. The focus of the paper is on the use of brainstorming and “modified logframes” as two means by which hypotheses about the working of the local state from the point of view of the rural poor could be turned into concrete field questions. The paper is less concerned with ethical and positional issues relating to team‐based research in “the tropics” (on this, see Williams et al., 2003a) than with the equally important if apparently more prosaic issues relating to the flawed but necessary search for objectivity and rigour in comparative field studies.
Two modes of conﬁdence rating: An effect of episodic information of participant's own past responses in a repeated‐question paradigm
Authors: Saito Masahiko 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: General knowledge questions with two answer alternatives were employed in experimental session 1; in session 2, the same questions were presented together with participants’ own session‐1 responses. In order to examine whether or not the episodic information of participant's own responses would suppress standard conﬁdence‐rating mode in session 2, rates of answer‐ and conﬁdence‐changes between sessions were analyzed. In session 2, participants were able to change the conﬁdence value to another, if they thought the initial value inadequate. They then had a chance to change the answer to the other and rated their conﬁdence in the new answer. The major results were as follows: (a) Between‐session answer change rate was very low; (b) Between‐session answer change rate was not a monotonic decreasing function of conﬁdence; (c) However, the rate depended on conﬁdence change from session 1 to before‐answer‐change rating. These results clearly contrasted with a previous study (Saito, 1998) in which episodic information of participant's own session 1 answers and conﬁdence values was not presented. It was argued that the episodic information triggered another mode of conﬁdence rating or a decision inertia effect.
Risk factors for NSAID‐associated upper GI clinical events in a long‐term prospective study of 34 701 arthritis patients
Authors: Laine L. , Curtis S. P. , Cryer B. , Kaur A. , Cannon C. P. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1240–1248SummaryBackground  Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID)‐related GI effects vary based on patient characteristics.Aims  To assess risk factors for NSAID‐associated upper GI clinical events and dyspepsia.Methods  Patients ≥50 years with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to etoricoxib or diclofenac in a prespecified intent‐to‐treat analysis of three double‐blind randomized trials. Potential risk factors for upper GI clinical events (bleeding, perforation, obstruction, or ulcer), complicated events (perforation, obstruction, bleeding) and discontinuations due to dyspepsia were assessed with Cox proportional hazard models.Results  Significant predictors of clinical events and complicated events included age ≥65 years [hazards ratios (HRs) = 2.25 (1.84–2.76), 4.09 (2.82–5.92)], prior event [HRs = 2.57 (1.94–3.39), 3.23 (2.09–5.00)], low‐dose aspirin [HRs = 2.34 (1.87–2.92), 3.41 (2.33–5.00)] and corticosteroid [HRs = 1.85 (1.41–2.43), 2.09 (1.29–3.38)]. Predictors of discontinuation due to dyspepsia included prior dyspepsia [HR = 1.78 (1.44–2.00)], prior event [HR = 1.78 (1.40–2.27)] and age ≥65 years [HR = 1.35 (1.16–1.57)].Conclusions  Assessment for age ≥65 years, prior upper GI clinical events and low‐dose aspirin use are key in identifying patients who should either avoid NSAIDs or employ management strategies to reduce NSAID‐associated upper GI events. Prior dyspepsia or upper GI clinical events and age ≥65 years also predict an increased risk of developing dyspepsia severe enough to necessitate discontinuation of NSAIDs.
Meta‐analysis: the association of oesophageal adenocarcinoma with symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux
Authors: Rubenstein J. H. , Taylor J. B. 
Published: September 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1222–1227AbstractBackground  Endoscopic screening has been proposed for patients with symptoms of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the hope of reducing mortality from oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Assessing the net benefits of such a strategy requires a precise understanding of the cancer risk in the screened population.Aim  To estimate precisely the association between symptoms of GERD and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.Methods  Systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based studies with strict ascertainment of exposure and outcomes.Results  Five eligible studies were identified. At least weekly symptoms of GERD increased the odds of oesophageal adenocarcinoma fivefold (odds ratio = 4.92; 95% confidence interval = 3.90, 6.22), and daily symptoms increased the odds sevenfold (random effects summary odds ratio = 7.40, 95% confidence interval = 4.94, 11.1), each compared with individuals without symptoms or less frequent symptoms. Duration of symptoms was also associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, but with very heterogeneous results, and unclear thresholds.Conclusions  Frequent GERD symptoms are strongly associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. These results should be useful in developing epidemiological models of the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, and in models of interventions aimed at reducing mortality from this cancer.
Relationship between target antigens and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes in producing two pathogenic antibodies simultaneously
Authors: Zakka L R , Keskin D B , Reche P , Ahmed A R 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn this report, we present 15 patients with histological and immunopathologically proven pemphigus vulgaris (PV). After a mean of 80 months since the onset of disease, when evaluated serologically, they had antibodies typical of PV and pemphigoid (Pg). Similarly, 18 patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) were diagnosed on the basis of histology and immunopathology. After a mean of 60 months since the onset of disease, when their sera were evaluated they were found to have Pg and PV autoantibodies. In both groups of patients the diseases were characterized by a chronic course, which included several relapses and recurrences and were non-responsive to conventional therapy. The major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) genes were studied in both groups of patients and phenotypes associated typically with them were observed. Hence, in 33 patients, two different pathogenic autoantibodies were detected simultaneously. The authors provide a computer model to show that each MHC II gene has relevant epitopes that recognize the antigens associated with both diseases. Using the databases in these computer models, the authors present the hypothesis that these two autoantibodies are produced simultaneously due to the phenomena of epitope spreading.