bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembling models of embryo development: Image analysis and the construction of digital atlases
Authors: Castro‐González Carlos , Ledesma‐Carbayo María J. , Peyriéras Nadine , Santos Andrés 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDigital atlases of animal development provide a quantitative description of morphogenesis, opening the path toward processes modeling. Prototypic atlases offer a data integration framework where to gather information from cohorts of individuals with phenotypic variability. Relevant information for further theoretical reconstruction includes measurements in time and space for cell behaviors and gene expression. The latter as well as data integration in a prototypic model, rely on image processing strategies. Developing the tools to integrate and analyze biological multidimensional data are highly relevant for assessing chemical toxicity or performing drugs preclinical testing. This article surveys some of the most prominent efforts to assemble these prototypes, categorizes them according to salient criteria and discusses the key questions in the field and the future challenges toward the reconstruction of multiscale dynamics in model organisms. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 96:109–120, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational models for mechanics of morphogenesis
Authors: Wyczalkowski Matthew A. , Chen Zi , Filas Benjamen A. , Varner Victor D. , Taber Larry A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the developing embryo, tissues differentiate, deform, and move in an orchestrated manner to generate various biological shapes driven by the complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Mechanics plays a key role in regulating and controlling morphogenesis, and quantitative models help us understand how various mechanical forces combine to shape the embryo. Models allow for the quantitative, unbiased testing of physical mechanisms, and when used appropriately, can motivate new experimentaldirections. This knowledge benefits biomedical researchers who aim to prevent and treat congenital malformations, as well as engineers working to create replacement tissues in the laboratory. In this review, we first give an overview of fundamental mechanical theories for morphogenesis, and then focus on models for specific processes, including pattern formation, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis, and wound healing. The role of mechanical feedback in development is also discussed. Finally, some perspectives aregiven on the emerging challenges in morphomechanics and mechanobiology. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 96:132–152, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Essential State Model for Two‐Photon Absorption Spectra of Polymethine Dyes
Authors: Sissa Cristina , Jahani Peyman Mohamadzadeh , Soos Zoltán G. , Painelli Anna 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA four essential‐state model is proposed for a detailed description of optical spectra of a family of anionic polymethine dyes. Extensive spectroscopic data from the literature are quantitatively described within a model that accounts for non‐adiabatic electron‐vibration coupling and for polar solvation.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and serotonin transporter genotype (SLC6A4) Affect newborn serum reelin levels
Authors: Brummelte S. , Galea L.A.M. , Devlin A.M. , Oberlander T.F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine whether altered early serotonin signaling either via gestational serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) exposure or genetic variations in the serotonin transporter promoter region (SLC6A4) alters levels of reelin, an important glycoprotein in neurodevelopment, in mothers and their neonates. Serum reelin protein expression was quantified by immunoblot from maternal and neonatal blood collected at delivery from women taking either an SRI during gestation or controls. SRI‐exposed mothers had higher levels of one reelin fragment, while SRI‐exposed neonates had lower total reelin levels, particularly in females and reelin levels differed with SLC6A4 genotype. Lower neonatal reelin levels predicted less time spent sleeping and more irritability during neonatal behavioral assessment on Day 6 of life. Our results suggest that prenatal SRI exposure and the SLC6A4 genotype influences reelin protein expression in both the mother and newborn and that this may be reflected in neonatal behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 518–529, 2013
Altered social hedonic processing in eating disorders
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Davies Helen , Harrison Amy , Fox John R.E. , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:Exploring social anhedonia in eating disorders (ED) was the main objective of this study. Social anhedonia relates to a reduced feeling of pleasure from social stimulation. Researching the exact nature of problems in interpersonal relationships is an important topic for clinicians and researchers in the field.Method:The revised social anhedonia scale was completed by 148 participants: anorexia nervosa (AN) n = 72; bulimia nervosa (BN) n = 19; recovered AN n = 14; healthy controls (HC) n = 43. Participants also completed mood related measures and the Toronto Alexythimia scale.Results:People with AN and BN had higher self‐reported social anhedonia than people without ED. Recovered AN had an intermediate profile in between AN and HC. Clinical severity and alexithymia were strongly associated with social anhedonia scores.Discussion:Difficulty identifying and expressing feelings could be related to this diminished drive for social pleasure. Tackling these interpersonal maintaining factors in treatment is likely to be a worthwhile endeavor. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
The endemic gastropod fauna of Lake Titicaca: correlation between molecular evolution and hydrographic history
Authors: Kroll Oliver , Hershler Robert , Albrecht Christian , Terrazas Edmundo M. , Apaza Roberto , Fuentealba Carmen , Wolff Christian , Wilke Thomas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLake Titicaca, situated in the Altiplano high plateau, is the only ancient lake in South America. This 2‐ to 3‐My‐old (where My is million years) water body has had a complex history that included at least five major hydrological phases during the Pleistocene. It is generally assumed that these physical events helped shape the evolutionary history of the lake's biota. Herein, we study an endemic species assemblage in Lake Titicaca, composed of members of the microgastropod genusHeleobia, to determine whether the lake has functioned as a reservoir of relic species or the site of local diversification, to evaluate congruence of the regional paleohydrology and the evolutionary history of this assemblage, and to assess whether the geographic distributions of endemic lineages are hierarchical. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that the Titicaca/AltiplanoHeleobiafauna (together with few extralimital taxa) forms a species flock. A molecular clock analysis suggests that the most recent common ancestor (MRCAs) of the Altiplano taxa evolved 0.53 (0.28–0.80) My ago and the MRCAs of the Altiplano taxa and their extralimital sister group 0.92 (0.46–1.52) My ago. The endemic species of Lake Titicaca are younger than the lake itself, implying primarily intralacustrine speciation. Moreover, the timing of evolutionary branching events and the ages of two precursors of Lake Titicaca, lakes Cabana and Ballivián, is congruent. Although Lake Titicaca appears to have been the principal site of speciation for the regionalHeleobiafauna, the contemporary spatial patterns of endemism have been masked by immigration and/or emigration events of local riverine taxa, which we attribute to the unstable hydrographic history of the Altiplano. Thus, a hierarchical distribution of endemism is not evident, but instead there is a single genetic break between two regional clades. We also discuss our findings in relation to studies of other regional biota and suggest that salinity tolerance was the most likely limiting factor in the evolution of Altiplano species flocks.
Synthesis of Trisaccharides by Hetero‐Diels–Alder Welding of Two Monosaccharide Units
Authors: Himanen Jatta A. , Pihko Petri M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new strategy for the synthesis of di‐ and trisaccharides based on the de novo synthesis of the linking saccharide unit is presented. In this strategy, functionalized monosaccharide building blocks already incorporating the glycosidic linkages are welded together using a metal‐catalyzed hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) reaction to generate a new monosaccharide unit between them. The highest yields and selectivities in the HDA reaction were obtained by using chiral Schiff base chromium complexes. Disaccharide products were accessible by reaction of Danishefsky's diene with acetyl‐ and benzyl‐protected galactoside aldehydes. For the synthesis of trisaccharide products, acetyl‐protected glucose or galactose‐derived dienes were fused with monosaccharide‐derived aldehydes using chromium catalysts for the HDA reaction. The desired trisaccharide products were obtained in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity. The central pyranulose‐ring generated in the process possessed an L‐cis‐enulose configuration according to NMR spectroscopy and modeling studies.
StableN‐Heterocyclic Carbenes:N‐Alkyl‐N′‐phosphanylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylidenes
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy P. , Koidan Heorgiy N. , Hurieva Anastasiia N. , Pervak Igor I. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Kostyuk Aleksandr N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThree original approaches to the synthesis ofN‐alkyl‐N′‐phosphanylbenzimidazolium salts, which are precursors of the corresponding carbenes, were developed. New stableN‐alkyl‐N′‐phosphanylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylidenes were prepared in good yields. X‐ray analysis of a carbene was made and the chemical properties of the carbenes were studied. The reactions with O‐, N‐, and C‐nucleophiles were found to proceed with or without cleavage of the P–N bond. Thermal rearrangement of the carbenes afforded 2‐phosphorylated benzimidazoles.
Azide‐ and Alkyne‐Derivatised α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Pedersen Daniel Sejer 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWith the emergence of the copper‐catalysed Huisgen cycloaddition the use of azide‐ and alkyne‐derivatised α‐amino acids has found widespread use within most chemistry disciplines. Despite a growing interest in these building blocks researchers are struggling to identify the best way for their synthesis. In this review we have compiled available methods for synthesising optically active azide‐ and alkyne‐derivatised α‐amino acids that can be prepared from readily available α‐amino acids. We highlight a number of commonly overlooked problems associated with existing methods and direct attention to unexplored possibilities.
Groundwater mineralisation processes in Mediterranean semi‐arid systems (Cap‐Bon, North east of Tunisia): hydrogeological and geochemical approaches
Authors: Zghibi Adel , Zouhri Lahcen , Tarhouni Jamila , Kouzana Lamia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe groundwater of the Korba plain represents major water resources in Tunisia. The Plio‐Quaternary unconfined aquifer of the Cap‐Bon (north‐east Tunisia) is subject to the intensive agricultural activities and high groundwater pumping rates due to the increasing of the groundwater extraction. The degradation of the groundwater quality is characterized by the salinization phenomena. Groundwater were sampled and analysed for physic‐chemical parameters: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl‐, SO42‐, HCO3‐, NO3‐, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and the temperature (T°). The hydrochemical analysis is coupled with the calculation of the saturation indexes (SI gypsum, SI halite, SI calcite and SI dolomite), ionic derivation and with the ion correlations compared to chloride concentrations: Na+/ Cl‐, Ca2+/ Cl‐ and Mg2+/ Cl‐ ratios. Seawater fractions in the groundwater were calculated using the chloride concentration. Those processes can be used as indicators of seawater intrusion progression. EC methods were also conducted to obtain new informations on the spatial scales and dynamics of the fresh water–seawater interface of coastal groundwater exchange. The mixing zone between freshwater and saltwater was clearly observed from the EC profile in the investigated area where a strong increase in EC with depth was observed, corresponding to the freshwater and saltwater interface. Results of hydrochemical study revealed the presence of direct cation exchange linked to seawater intrusion and dissolution processes associated with cations exchange. These results, together with EC investigation, indicated that the groundwater is affected by seawater intrusion and is still major actor as a source of salinization of the groundwater in Korba coastal plain. Further isotopic and hydrological investigations will be necessary to identify and more understood the underlying mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A NADH Sensor Based on 1,2‐Naphththoquinone Electropolymerized on Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Liu Suqin , Dai Gaopeng , Yuan Ling , Zhao Yanping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA new carbon nanotubes modified electrode (poly‐Nq‐MWCNTs/GCE) was fabricated by electropolymerization of 1,2‐naphththoquinone to the surface of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode by casting method. The morphology of the nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were applied to investigate the electrochemical properties of the poly‐Nq‐MWCNTs nanocomposite modified electrode. The result of electrochemical experiments showed that such modified electrode had a favorable catalytic ability to oxidation of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The resulted sensor was sensitiveness to NADH and achieved 95β of the steady‐state current within 5s. Furthermore, the anodic peak current was linear to the concentration of NADH for the range from 1.0 μM to 0.14 mM. The linear equation was: I(μA) = 0.3987 + 0.1035c (μmol/L), the correlation coefficient r = 0.9962, the detect limit is down to 1 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3) and the sensitivity is 0.1035 μA/mmol. The well catalytic activity of the sensor was ascribed to the synergistic effect role played by MWCNTs and poly‐Nq. Moreover, the based sensor possesses good stability and reproducibility.
Probing the Adhesion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 and SK‐Hep‐1 Cells
Authors: Hsieh Shuchen , Lin Pei‐Ying , Hsieh Chiung‐Wen , Li I‐Tin , Hsieh Shu‐Ling , Wu Chih‐Chung , Huang Yun‐Shan , Wang Huay‐Min , Tu Li‐Wei , Cheng Kuang‐Hung , Wang Hay‐Yan Jack , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCarcinoma cell differentiation stage is an important indicator of cell behavior. For example, cell mobility is much higher for poorly‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma SK‐Hep‐1 cells than for well‐differentiated HepG2 cells. In this study, we have cultured HepG2 and SK‐Hep‐1 cells on chemically patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to observe differences in the adhesion properties and cell structure that occur due to the patterns. Both cell lines showed a preference for the hydrophobic regions on the patterned PDMS surface with SK‐Hep‐1 cells achieving a higher density than HepG2 for the same cell‐count solutions. Further, SK‐Hep‐1 cells adopted the square or hexagonal shape of the surface patterns while HepG2 cells maintained their more rounded shape. AFM force measurement arrays were also performed on the cell surfaces to measure and map adhesion values between the tip and cell surface membrane. These results demonstrate that, in addition to cell shape and size, adhesion expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is differentiation stage dependent. Further, the ability of the SK‐Hep‐1 cells to adopt the shape of the substrate pattern indicates they are more structurally labile, which may contribute to their higher mobility.
Myricetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells through suppression of IKK/NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways
Authors: Fu Ru‐Huei , Liu Shih‐Ping , Chu Ching‐Liang , Lin Ya‐Hsien , Ho Yu‐Chen , Chiu Shao‐Chih , Lin Wei‐Yong , Shyu Woei‐Cherng , Lin Shinn‐Zong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is found in many fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. It has been demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory properties, but, to date, no studies have described the immunomodulatory effects of myricetin on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for myricetin to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow‐derived DCs.RESULTS: Our experimental data showed that treatment with myricetin up to 10 µg mL−1 does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. Myricetin significantly decreased the secretion of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐12p70 by LPS‐stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS‐induced major histocompatibility class II, CD40 and CD86 on DCs was also inhibited by myricetin, and the endocytic and migratory capacity of LPS‐stimulated DCs was blocked by myricentin. In addition, LPS‐stimulated DC‐elicited allogeneic T‐cell proliferation was reduced by myricetin. Moreover, our results confirmed that myricetin attenuates the responses of LPS‐stimulated activation of DCs via suppression of IκB kinase/nuclear factor‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐dependent pathways.CONCLUSION: Myricetin has novel immunopharmacological activity, and modulation of DCs by myricetin may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and for transplantation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Photodynamic therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1–3 and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with methylaminolevulinate and hexaminolevulinate—A double‐blind, dose‐finding study
Authors: Soergel Philipp , Dahl Gunn Fallås , Onsrud Mathias , Hillemanns Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroductionCervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1–3 is the precursor of invasive cervical cancer and associated with human papillomavirus infection. Standard treatment is surgical and may be associated with subsequent pregnancy complications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of CIN may be an interesting alternative.Material and MethodsPatients were treated by PDT using hexaminolevulinate (HAL) and methylaminolevulinate in six dose and light groups and two incubation periods in a double‐blind setting. Follow‐up examinations were performed after 3, 6, and 12 months with histology, cytology, and HPV testing.ResultsWe included eight patients with CIN1, 23 with CIN2, and 36 with CIN3. Treatment was well tolerated. HAL 40 mM with 3‐hour application turned out to be the most‐effective group with 67% (10/15) complete response rate. The combined complete and partial response for patients with CIN2 was 83% (20/24).ConclusionPDT with CIN may be a safe and effective procedure for CIN treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 468–474, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential effect of dopa and subthalamic stimulation on vestibular activity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pötter‐Nerger Monika , Reich Martin M. , Colebatch James G. , Deuschl G. , Volkmann Jens 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPostural disturbances in advanced Parkinson's disease are less responsive to therapy than other cardinal motor signs. The vestibulocollic reflex represents one brain‐stem neuronal circuit involved in postural adjustments. The objective of this study was to investigate the vestibulocollic reflex in parkinsonian patients and the effects of subthalamic stimulation and dopa by recording vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials. After overnight withdrawal of medication, 20 patients with Parkinson's disease with (6 men, 4 women; mean age, 64.4 ± 2.2 years) or without (8 men, 2 women; mean age, 62.7 ± 3.9 years) implanted subthalamic electrodes in different treatment conditions were compared with 10 age‐matched controls (5 men, 5 women; mean age, 59.6 ± 2.4 years). Vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials were recorded by electromyographic surface electrodes applied to both sternocleidomastoid muscles (band‐pass filter, 8–1600 Hz; sampling rate, 5 kHz) and averaged in response to bilateral auditory tone bursts (120 dB SPL; sine waves, 7 ms; 1000 Hz) applied through earphones. Adjusted vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential amplitudes were significantly smaller in parkinsonian patients than in controls, in particular in patients without surgery. Administration of dopa, but not subthalamic stimulation, significantly increased amplitudes. Onset latencies were similar for all groups and treatment conditions. Decreased vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential amplitudes in parkinsonian patients suggest reduced vestibular nuclei excitability within the brain stem, which is modulated by dopa but not by subthalamic stimulation. This suggests different pathways for the action of both treatment modalities in Parkinson's disease and may explain clinical differences in terms of postural disturbances. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Impairment of brain vessels may contribute to mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rektor Ivan , Goldemund David , Bednařík Petr , Sheardová Kateřina , Michálková Zuzana , Telecká Sabina , Dufek Michal , Rektorová Irena 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:The effect of brain‐vessel pathology on mortality in 57 consecutive PD patients was studied.Methods:Baseline clinical, neuropsychological, ultrasonographic (US), and MR data obtained from patients who died (n = 18) during a 4‐year follow‐up period were compared with the data of patients who survived.Results:US/MRI data displayed a more‐severe vascular impairment in deceased patients. Differences were significant between both groups with respect to age, clinical and cognitive status, intima‐media thickness, and resistance index (indicators of large and small vessel impairment). The sum score of white‐matter hyperintensities was significantly higher among decedents. A cluster analysis displayed two clusters that differed in the two parameters (i.e. in age and in sum score).Conclusions:This study provides evidence that comorbid atherosclerosis and otherwise subclinical impairment of brain vessels may contribute to mortality in PD. The vascular pathology may act in association with other comorbidities on the terrain of progressive neurodegenerative pathology. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Changes on brief cognitive instruments over time in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lessig Stephanie , Nie Dong , Xu Ronghui , Corey‐Bloom Jody 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo hundred and twenty‐one subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) were examined using the Mini–Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with a subset of these (n = 98) examined on repeat testing up to 3 years. The MoCA was more sensitive in identifying cognitive deficit, specifically in the domains of visuospatial abilities, language, and memory. In longitudinal study, the MMSE changed significantly over time, particularly in patients with disease duration of >10 years. The MoCA, however, did not change significantly, even when subjects were stratified by age, MMSE score, and disease duration. This suggests that the MoCA may be more sensitive for detecting early cognitive change in PD, but that the MMSE, and not the MoCA, may be better for tracking cognitive decline. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society