bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to injury control and safety in Africa
Authors: Solagberu B , El-Sayed H , Mtonga R , Nakitto M 
Published: March 2011

Problem under studyThere are limited achievements for injury control in Africa, despite the growing burden of injuries in the continent. This deterioration in the situation is mostly dues to demographic changes, population increases without commensurate infrastructure, failure to reach a critical mass of researchers, and poorly funded institutions working for injury control and safety promotion, which reflects the little national political support for these important issues.ObjectivesTo showcase injury research and prevention successes and challenges in Africa.To provide an African Injury Control marketplace where the following transactions can take place: exchange of funding information, sharing of proposals, recruitment of partners for new and on-going research and or intervention projects.To develop strategies to attract more resources and researchers for injury control in Africa.Methods and approach–Presentations of representatives of the different African regions for successes and challenges facing injury control in their regions.–Develop and discuss ideas for plans for future efforts for injury control and safety promotion in the continent.–Question/discuss.–Debate of proposed ideas.Expected resultsThis round table will help in charting out plan to maximise the benefits from research already done, networks formed, and interventions executed or planned. Based on the present situation analysis new opportunities for forging ahead, and for maximising our pressure on policy makers will be captured and planned in the various African countries to promote the national and moreover continental programmes for injury control and safety promotion.
Arising the immune protection of the children drowned in Thailand
Authors: Ekchaloemkiet S , Gerdmongkolgan S , Siriphanich T 
Published: March 2011

Rationale and backgroundDrowning is the leading cause of child mortality among Thai children under the age of 15 years old, with about 1500 children drowning each year. The children can swim was measured the immunisation of the anti-drowned children.ObjectiveTo drive Thai children to arose drowned immune protection.MethodologyThe study involved a comparison of two different swimming programmes with general swimming and survival swimming course. From the evaluation it was found that the group who studies the survival swimming course had more survival and rescuing skill than other group significant statistically. However, the significance of driving strategic plan was the participation of all involved parties that should produce the survival swimming curriculum. Additionally, the executives from all relevant agencies could also join and give out the advantages information and the different between those two types of swimming course.ResultThe executives has policy that Thai children must be immune protection drowned, and encouraged to sign an MOU with the relevant agencies to drive the immune protection drowned in Thai children by bringing survival swimming curriculum into the curriculum of elementary education level, while the budget support will be provided by the local administration.Conclusion and recommendationThe successful driving procedure was every relevant agencies should participate from the beginning of project. Those agencies would join as their own project and it could be substantial later.
Mortality trends by poisoning in Mexico, 1981–2007
Authors: Davalos J , Baez L , Celis A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo examine trends in mortality from poisoning in Mexico and each of its federal states during the period from 1981 to 2007.MethodsMortalities and trends were estimated for the study period from Mexicos official data based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revisions. Results were analysed by age group, sex and year of death, as well as by state and size of city or town of residence. (Codes CIE-IX, E850-E869, E95-E962, E962, E972, E980-E982; CIE-X, X40-X49, X60-X69, X85-X90, Y10-Y19.)ResultsFrom 1981 to 2007 the Mexican health system registered 42 466 poisoning deaths. For the study period, mortality trend was descended: from 2.0–2.2 in 1981–1982 to 1.5 in 2005–2006, a 29% reduction. Before 1988, those under 1 years old were group with the highest mortality risk, with a rate around 8.5/100 000. In the following years this rate diminished dramatically to reach a rate lower that 1.0/100 000 by 2007. The rest of the population did not show this trend. Poisoning mortality was more frequent in male than in females, with a ratio of 1.95 to 1.ConclusionsThe rate of death caused by poisoning is decreasing; however it continues to be a significant public health problem. We need to take appropriate preventive measures based in pertinent scientific evidence.
Mortality from falls in Mexico, 1979–2008
Authors: Mendez-Magaa A C , Orozco-Valerio M , Celis A , Julio C 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionFalls are event that would occur in everyone, although the most affect are the children and the elderly, and represent a high healthcare costs.ObjectiveTo describe falls mortality trends in Mexico from 1979 to 2007.MethodologyMortalities and trends were estimated for the study period from Mexicos official data based on the International Classification of Diseases. Injuries code includes were E880 to E889 (ICD-9) and W00 to W19 (ICD-10). Results were analysed by age group, sex and year registered, as well as by state and size of city or town of residence.ResultsFrom 1979 to 2008 we count 52 072 deaths from falls, of which 77.7% were men. The group of age with the highest mortality was the 80 years old and older. The place where falls occur in a third of deaths is residential institution/home. The states that show the higher rates of mortality from falls in the last period of time (2006–2008) are Aguascalientes, Jalisco and Queretaro.ConclusionsFalls are deathly events that predominantly affect the men and the elderly. In general, the trend shows a consistent mortality decrease interrupted by a rise in 1998, a year that introduced the ICD-10 in Mexico. Since the population in Mexico is ageing, the absolute number of deaths by this cause will increase.
Motorised transport for kindergarten children in Uganda
Authors: Nakitto M , Lett R 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionKindergarten children are one of the vulnerable groups affected by road traffic injury. There are no laws in Uganda for transporting children. This study reviews known risk factors for transporting Kindergarten children in Uganda.Methods38 sampled kindergartens were identified from a city council school list and stratified by location. Children were observed for seven consecutive schools days in urban Kampala. Trained research assistants observed transport means, safety belt use, car restraint use and seating position. Frequency analysis was done.ResultsChildren 40.1% were dropped in motorcars, 11.5% by motorcycles, while others walked. 92% used private cars, 6.4% passenger service cars, 1.2% school vans, 1.0% cabs and 0.2% truck. 63.4% of drivers who dropped children used seat belts. 8% of children used car seats. 89% were sitting, 9.5% standing, 1% carried while 0.5% sleeping. Children (61.8%) sat at the back, 33.7% at the front, while 4.5% sat between front and back seats. Children (80.7%) were received by an adult. 99% of motorcycle child passengers did not wear helmets. Motorcyclists (65%) who dropped children wore helmets. 71% riders had one child passenger, 27.3% had two passengers, 1.7% had three passengers.Discussion and conclusionMotorised transport in Uganda is very unsafe for kindergarten children and it requires regulation particularly on the usage of safety belts, helmets and car restraints.
Toolbox for educators to increase the awareness of the hazards of noise and to prevent hearing loss with teenagers
Authors: Van Daele G 
Published: March 2011

An estimated 800 million people worldwide have a kind of hearing loss.1This number is expected to grow to 1.1 billion by 2015.2. In developed countries, people start to suffer from hearing loss at younger ages, primarily because of excessive exposure to noise from concerts, television, MP3 players etc.3Hearing damage from prolonged noise is permanent and can be devastating, whereas it is the major avoidable cause of permanent hearing impairment worldwide.4Teenagers form a particular vulnerable risk group. Teachers take in an important place considering education, but however, they turn out to be rather ignorant when it concerns this subject. Therefore a toolbox has been developed in order to use it in a teenager group. With this tool, the authors aim to increase the awareness of the hazards of noise, next to preventing hearing loss in a playful and empirical way. This workshop is designed for educators interested in using this didactic box about noise induced hearing loss prevention. Participants will explore and discuss the content of the educative material. The box contains nine different tools which can be adapted according to the level of the group. The box (19 pieces) has been and can still be lend (for free) by schools, youth work organisations in four provinces in Flanders. According to the user evaluations, the awareness has increased, the most vulnerable group is reached, and an education friendly tool is developed.[1 3] Hear-it.[2] MRC Institute of hearing research.[4] WHO (1997).
Outcomes following major trauma: measuring recovery postdischarge
Authors: Gabbe B J , Sutherland A M , Hannaford A P , Cameron P A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTR) collects outcomes of major trauma survivors at 6-months postinjury but the need for longer term outcomes data for monitoring recovery and quantifying the burden of injury is recognised.AimsDescribe the outcomes of patients at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months following major trauma, and determine key time points for follow-up.MethodsAll 692 VSTR blunt major trauma patients, surviving to discharge from the Level 1 trauma services (October 2006 to March 2007) were followed-up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postinjury by telephone. SF-12, Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E), pain scores and measures of work-related disability were collected.ResultsThe follow-up rates were 86%, 82%, 81% and 83% at 6, 12, 18 and 24-months postinjury, respectively. Improvement in outcomes was evident over time, although the rate of improvement from 18 to 24-months was small. 21% of cases had fully recovered (GOS-E=8) at 24-months. 68% had returned to work but only 57% of these cases had returned to their preinjury workplace. 24% of patients reported persistent moderate-severe pain, and median physical and mental health scores remained below population norms at 24-months.Discussion and ConclusionFollow-up at 24 months postinjury is feasible and the follow-up rate is comparable to 6 and 12-months after injury. Disability was prevalent, highlighting the burden of injury borne by this group even 2-years after injury.
Long-term health consequences of road traffic injuries: a representative cohort study in Thailand
Authors: Ditsuwan V , Veerman L , Suvapan D , Bertram M , Vos T 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the proportion of road traffic injury crash victims with long-term health consequences and the severity thereof.MethodsThe Sirindorn National Medical Rehabilitation Center performed a follow-up study on disability due to road traffic injury around Thailand. Following admission for a road traffic injury, persons considered at risk of permanent disability were followed up for 6 to 18 months. Six domains of functional ability were mapped into a six-domain, three-level version of the EuroQol (EQ-5D+) and translated into Global Burden of Disease disability weights for different categories of injury using an existing regression equation between EQ-5D+ scores and disability weights.FindingsOverall 1.7% of the 24 354 non-fatal injury cases resulted in long-term disability. A total of 302 persons had long-term disability qualifying for a pension and 197 had sufficient information on six domains of functioning to allow a severity assessment. The highest disability weights were for intracranial injury (0.57, 95% uncertainty interval 0.51 to 0.62), followed by spinal cord lesion (0.55, 95% uncertainty interval 0.41 to 0.64).ConclusionThis is the first study in an unselected sample of traffic injury victims in a developing country to provide estimates of the extent and severity of long-term disability. The results will contribute to improving the evidence base for calculating the non-fatal health consequences of road traffic injuries in Thailand and beyond.
Disability outcomes following injury: results from phase one of the prospective outcomes of injury study (POIS)
Authors: Derrett S , Langley J , Hokowhitu B , Ameratunga S , Hansen P , Davie G , Wyeth E , Lilley R 
Published: March 2011

AimThere are gaps understanding outcomes following injury. The Prospective Outcomes of Injury cohort Study (POIS) aims to determine factors (discussed below) influencing the risk of disability up to 2 years after injury.Study DesignParticipants from five regions, aged 18–65, were randomly selected from New Zealand's Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) entitlement claims register. ACC provides no-fault personal injury cover to all residents. Entitlement claims are ones where the injury is severe enough to require 1 week off work or equivalent. The POIS study is at Phase One, with data having been collected about outcomes 3 months after injury.1Results2850 people have been recruited; 24% were hospitalised as a consequence of their injury. Preliminary analysis reveals age, gender, comorbidity, hospitalisation, perceived threat, expectations and pain predicted recovery. Potential predictors to report in September include pre-injury variables (age, gender, comorbidity, satisfaction with social relationships, financial and psychological status) and postinjury variables (health and social services, injury anatomical region and type, pain and expectations of recovery). Outcomes, 3 months after injury, include: health status (EQ-5D and general overall global health rating), participation (in usual activities) and disability (measured by the WHODAS II).ConclusionUnderstanding factors that lead to disability will contribute to better targeting of people at risk of poor outcomes and ultimately to service and policy initiatives.1
The effect of community interventions in reducing burns and scalds in children
Authors: Weerasinghe A , Ha H , Hartley D , Khan A A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThis paper reviews the effect of a variety of community-based interventions in preventing burns and scalds in children. It also highlights how clinical research can be used to improve public health and awareness.DesignThe baseline research has already been carried out in the Bradford Burn Study which reviewed burn attendances to an inner city emergency department. The highest incidence of burns was in children below 10 years (36%) with 1 year olds being the largest group affected. Strategies have been put in place by community bodies to address this problem.InterventionsA number of community-based interventions have been initiated. These include A burns doll which can be used in health promotion activities and child safety is integral to the Health Visiting Service. A hot drinks campaign in toddler groups and setting up of a Hot Drink Zones have changed practice. Safety leaflets focusing on the issues of burns in children have been produced. The information for the study has also been used in the Stay Safe event which has been facilitated by St Johns Ambulance Service. Further work in the community including the Primary care Trust and children's centres has also help spread the message.ConclusionThis poster has demonstrated that a multifaceted strategy to reduce burns and scalds in children can be initiated by community teams. It is paramount that good quality clinical data can be made available so that effective change can occur in the field of child safety.
Youth:risk? More safety for young people by risk competence learning – from concept to implementation
Authors: Loewe U , Braun E 
Published: March 2011

Risky behaviour is fun, but it may harm.DescriptionThe AdRisk project Community action on adolescents and injury risk (EU Public Health Programme) has delivered recommendations and good practices on risk competence development in young people.ResultsIndividual risk competence can be developed by promoting special competencies and life skills concerning resilience to group/media/social influences. Risk competence has several components (1) adequate perception of situations, to realise the own mental and physical state, (2) assessment of risk and dangers, capacity also to develop alternative behaviours, (3) competence to act: responsible decision making for one self and for the group, (4) reflection of experiences, integration of former experiences (break), transfer to other situations. The aim is not to minimise the risk taking behaviour of young people but to balance the risk and to avoid harm. Also societal and strategic frame conditions are needed: establishing an ethos of risk competence development in teachers training, curricula development etc.ImplementationMethods and tools have been tested in different countries (eg, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, Hungary). Factors for success are as follows: – Active participation of youth in the development of the measure – Understanding of the developmental need of risk taking – Focus peer group approaches – Using experience-based learning methods.RecommendationsIt is important to identify the short- and long-term benefits of maintaining safe and healthy behaviour and of modifying behaviour that is harmful to health. Risk competence development is one successful approach (www.adrisk.eu.com).
The requirements and challenges in preventing of road traffic injury in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Zavareh D K , Bigdeli M , Mohammadi R , Khaneh H R , Laflamme L , Bikmoradi A , Haglund B J A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Iran has one of the highest mortalities from RTIs Stakeholders. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to the prevention of RTIs and provide appropriate suggestions for prevention, based on the perceptions of stakeholders, victims and road-users as regards RTIs.MethodThirty-eight semistructured interviews were conducted with informants in the field of RTI prevention. A qualitative approach using grounded theory method was employed to analyze the material gathered.ResultsThe core variable was identified as The lack of a system approach to road-user safety. The following barriers in relation to RTI prevention were identified as: human factors, transportation system and organisational coordination. Suggestions for improvement included education (for the general public and targeted group training), more effective legislation, more rigorous law enforcement, improved engineering in road infrastructure, and an integrated organisation to supervise and coordinate preventive activities.ConclusionThe major barriers identified in this study were human factors and efforts to change human behaviour were suggested by means of public education campaigns and stricter law enforcement. However, the lack of a system approach to RTI prevention was also an important concern. There is an urgent need for both an integrated system to coordinate RTI activities and prevention and a major change in stakeholders attitudes towards RTI prevention. The focus of all activities should take place on road users safety.
Construction of “Potential Risk Estimation Drowning Index for Children” (PREDIC): The Drowning Risk Prediction Index using Matlab surveillance data, Bangladesh
Authors: Borse N N , Hyder A A , Bishai D 
Published: March 2011

AimThe main objective of this paper was to create and evaluate a drowning risk prediction index. Drowning risk prediction index was constructed based on a conceptual framework to understand the determinants of childhood drowning.MethodologyA literature review was carried out to list all the risk factors identified for childhood drowning in Bangladesh. Newacheck model for special healthcare needs for children was adopted, to develop the conceptual framework for determinants of childhood drowning in Matlab, Bangladesh. This framework was applied to construct childhood drowning risk index for Matlab called Potential Risk Estimation Drowning Index for Children (PREDIC). Finally, PREDIC Index was applied childhood drowning cases and compared with control group from a cross-sectional data for children living in Matlab. Risk factors pertaining to childhood drowning were categorised in four key domains: child, mother/parent, household and environment factors.ResultsFor the purpose of this paper, PREDIC index was applied on 624 children living in Matlab and 302 drowned children in the 0–4 years age group. The mean PREDIC score for the drowned children was significantly higher than those living children in Matlab. The ROC curve for PREDIC showed that index is a fairly good at drowning risk prediction.ConclusionPREDIC risk index is created to estimate occurrence of childhood near-drowning event and not for drowning death. Index score construction was scientifically valid; index is relatively complete, fairly accurate, and very practical. PREDIC should be further tested for its feasibility and effectiveness in Matlab, Bangladesh.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents on drowning prevention in a rural community in northern Philippines
Authors: Guevarra J P , Albornoz R , Go J Juliard , Basilio J A 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveDescribe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents in a rural coastal community on drowning prevention.MethodologyCross-sectional study design was used. Systematic random sampling was employed and 375 households were included as respondents. A pretested questionnaire was utilised in the study.ResultsKnowledge on general aspects of drowning such as its preventability and to whom and where it could happen was high (65–99%). Awareness of drowning prevention programs and activities in the community was quite low and awareness of any legislation was even lower. The respondents had positive attitudes towards supervising children, in buying and wearing flotation devices, in conducting CPR training, and in participating in drowning prevention measures. Two thirds (65–70%) claimed to have supervised their children while swimming in the sea, river, lake or swimming pools. However, 62–87% admitted that their children had never worn flotation devices when they swim or play in most bodies of water. More than 96% of the parents have not participated in any activity on drowning prevention.ConclusionsThe respondents' knowledge on general aspects of drowning such as its preventability and to whom and where it could happen is high. However, their knowledge of preventive measures in specific situations or bodies of water and awareness on legislation could be improved. Drowning prevention programs may capitalise on the positive attitudes and even reinforce them. Practices on wearing of flotation devices and participation in water safety awareness activities should be improved given the easy access to open waters.