bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It's Not About the Technology, or Is It? Realizing AAC Through Hard and Soft Technologies
Authors: Cook Albert M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
To many people, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) implementation is synonymous with technologies of various types. For many others, technology is but one, sometimes small, piece of the implementation puzzle. So, is AAC about the technology or not? This paper presents a broad picture of technology as consisting of both hard and soft technologies. The article supports both types of technology as necessary for successful AAC implementation. For many individuals, hard technologies are necessary to support expressive communication. High-tech hard technologies have many options, but only a few fundamental principles, with truly unique new characteristics rarely being introduced. What does change, however, is the platform upon which the AAC devices are built. Originally, AAC devices were based on simple electronic circuits, then specialized computers, and, finally, general computers. Most recently, smart phones and pad computers have been used as the platform for AAC device functions. In this paper, I contend that it is not the technology that is critical; rather, it is our ability to take advantage of that technology for the benefit of people with complex communication needs.
Characterization of the tunable response of highly strained compliant optical metamaterials
Authors: Pryce Imogen M. , Aydin Koray , Kelaita Yousif A. , Briggs Ryan M. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: August 2011

Metamaterial designs are typically limited to a narrow operating bandwidth that is predetermined by the fabricated dimensions. Various approaches have previously been used to introduce post-fabrication tunability and thus enable active metamaterials. In this work, we exploit the mechanical deformability of a highly compliant polymeric substrate to achieve dynamic, tunable resonant frequency shifts greater than a resonant linewidth. We investigate the effect of metamaterial shape on the plastic deformation limit of resonators. We find that, for designs in which the local strain is evenly distributed, the response is elastic under larger global tensile strains. The plastic and elastic limits of resonator deformation are explored and the results indicate that, once deformed, the resonators operate within a new envelope of elastic response. We also demonstrate the use of coupled resonator systems to add an additional degree of freedom to the frequency tunability and show that compliant substrates can be used as a tool to test coupling strength. Finally, we illustrate how compliant metamaterials could be used as infrared sensors, and show enhancement of an infrared vibration absorption feature by a factor of 225.
In Situ Hybridization to Polytene Chromosomes in Drosophila Using Tritium-Labeled Probes
Authors: Pardue Mary-Lou 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTIONIn situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes frequently is used to find the chromosomal site of a cloned DNA sequence, as well as to investigate the distribution of families of repeated sequences in the chromosome set and to measure the amount of a repeated sequence at different sites. These different experimental goals are best accomplished by variations of the technique. Quantitation of sequences at different chromosomal sites, for example, is best done using radioactive probes where the signal is measured directly from the bound probe, rather than after the one or two subsequent steps (e.g., antibody or streptavidin binding, enzymatic color production, etc.) that are required to detect nonradioactive probes. Tritium (3H) is by far the best radioisotope for in situ hybridization because of the very low energy of the beta particle that is emitted. These beta particles travel <1 µm through autoradiographic emulsion, giving a precise localization for the probe. In addition, 3H probes can reliably detect sequences on polytene chromosomes significantly shorter than those detected by nonradioactive probes. The simplest and most successful probes are made by random primer labeling of gel-purified fragments of cloned DNA. The DNA can be labeled while still in the gel slice or it can be purified with a minicolumn. This protocol describes a procedure for 3H labeling of DNA in agarose and for performing in situ hybridization using the resulting radiolabeled probe.
A synthesis of Cenozoic sedimentation in the North Sea
Authors: Anell Ingrid , Thybo Hans , Rasmussen Erik 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe North Sea Basin contains an almost complete record of Cenozoic sedimentation, separated by clear regional unconformities. The changes in sediment characteristics, rate and source, and expression of the unconformities reflect the tectonic, eustatic and climatic changes that the North Sea and its margins have undergone. While the North Sea has been mapped locally, we present the first regional mapping of the Cenozoic sedimentary strata. Our study provides a new regional sub‐division of the main seismic units in the North Sea together with maps of depocentres, influx direction and source areas. Our study provides a regional synthesis of sedimentation based on a comprehensive interpretation of a regionally covering reflection seismic data set. We relate observations of sediment characteristics and unconformities to the geological evolution. The timing, regional expression and stratigraphic characteristics of many unconformities indicate that they were generated by eustatic sea‐level fall, often in conjunction with other processes. Early Cenozoic unconformities, however, relate to tectonism associated with the opening of the North Atlantic. From observation on a regional scale, we infer that the sediment influx into the North Sea during the Cenozoic is more complex than previously suggested clockwise rotation from early northwestern to late southern sources. The Shetland Platform supplied sediment continuously, although at varying rates, until the latest Cenozoic. Sedimentation around Norway changed from early Cenozoic influx from the southwestern margin, to almost exclusively from the southern margin in the Oligocene and from all of southern Norway in the latest Cenozoic. Thick Eocene deposits in the Central Graben are sourced mainly from a western and a likely southern source, indicating that prominent influx from the south did not only occur from the mid‐Miocene onwards. We infer a new age for the increased progradational sediment influx in the Pleistocene of 2.5 Ma, coeval with Fennoscandian glaciation.
Implementing Local Safeguarding Children Boards: managing complexity and ambiguity
Authors: Munro Emily R. , France Alan 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTLocal Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) were established under the Children Act 2004 and have responsibility for coordinating and ensuring the effectiveness of the work of partner bodies to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Drawing on data from a Department for Children, Schools and Families and Department of Health‐funded evaluation, the paper examines the development of LSCBs and the challenges and issues that have been encountered by Boards in implementing new arrangements. In doing so, the paper contributes to current debates about some of the limitations of New Labour's safeguarding reforms as a vehicle for improving outcomes for children and families.
Deconvolution of multicomponent seismic data by means of quaternions: Theory and preliminary results‡
Authors: Menanno Giovanni M. , Mazzotti Alfredo 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTMulticomponent seismic data are acquired by orthogonal geophones that record a vectorial wavefield. Since the single components are not independent, the processing should be performed jointly for all the components.In this contribution, we use hypercomplex numbers, specifically quaternions, to implement the Wiener deconvolution for multicomponent seismic data. This new approach directly derives from the complex Wiener filter theory, but special care must be taken in the algorithm implementation due to the peculiar properties of quaternion algebra.Synthetic and real data examples show that quaternion deconvolution, either spiking or predictive, generally performs superiorly to the standard (scalar) deconvolution because it properly takes into account the vectorial nature of the wavefields. This provides a better wavelet estimation and thus an improved deconvolution performance, especially when noise affects differently the various components.
Iterative electromagnetic migration for 3D inversion of marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data
Authors: Zhdanov Michael S. , Čuma Martin , Wilson Glenn A. , Velikhov Evgeny P. , Black Noel , Gribenko Alexander V. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe key to deriving a reliable quantitative interpretation from marine controlled‐source electromagnetic data is through the integration of shared earth modeling and robust 3D electromagnetic inversion. Subsurface uncertainty is minimized through efficient workflows that use all available subsurface data as a priori information and which permit multiple resistivity models to explain the same observed data. To this end, we present our implementation of an iterative migration method for controlled‐source electromagnetic data that is equivalent to rigorous 3D inversion. Our iterative migration method is based on the 3D integral equation method with inhomogeneous background conductivity and focusing regularization with a priori terms. We will show that focusing stabilizers recover more geologically realistic models with sharper resistivity contrasts and boundaries than traditional smooth stabilizers. Additionally, focusing stabilizers have better convergence properties than smooth stabilizers. Finally, inhomogeneous background information described as a priori resistivity models can improve the fidelity of the final models. Our method is implemented in a fully parallelized code. This makes it practical to run large‐scale 3D iterative migration on multicomponent, multifrequency and multiline controlled‐source electromagnetic surveys for 3D models with millions of cells. We present a suite of interpretations obtained from different iterative migration scenarios for a 3D controlled‐source electromagnetic feasibility study computed from a detailed model of stacked anticline structures and reservoir units of the Shtokman gasfield in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea.
ANGUSTIFOLIA, a plant homolog of CtBP/BARS, functions outside the nucleus
Authors: Minamisawa Naoko , Sato Mayuko , Cho Kiu‐Hyung , Ueno Hanako , Takechi Katsuaki , Kajikawa Masataka , Yamato Katsuyuki T. , Ohyama Kanji , Toyooka Kiminori , Kim Gyung‐Tae , Horiguchi Gorou , Takano Hiroyoshi , Ueda Takashi , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: August 2011

SummaryCtBP/BARS is a unique protein family in having quite diversified cellular functions, intercellular localizations, and developmental roles. ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) is the sole homolog of CtBP/BARS from Arabidopsis thaliana, although it has plant AN‐specific motifs and a long C‐terminus. Previous studies suggested that AN would function in the nucleus as a transcriptional co‐repressor, as CtBPs function in animals; however, precise verification has been lacking. In this paper, we isolated a homologous gene (MAN) of AN from liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Transformation of the Arabidopsis an‐1 mutant with 35S‐driven MAN completely complemented the an‐1 phenotype, although it lacks the putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) that exists in AN proteins isolated from other plant species. We constructed several plasmids for expressing modified ANs with amino acid substitutions in known motifs. The results clearly indicated that modified AN with mutations in the putative NLS‐like domain could complement the an‐1 phenotype. Therefore, we re‐examined localization of AN using several techniques. Our results demonstrated that AN localizes on punctuate structures around the Golgi, partially overlapping with a trans‐Golgi network resident, which highlighted an unexpected link between leaf development and membrane trafficking. We should reconsider the roles and evolutionary traits of AN based on these findings.
NIMA‐related kinase NEK6 affects plant growth and stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Hao‐Wei , Mu Rui‐Ling , Zhang Wang‐Ke , Zhao Ming‐Yu , Wei Wei , Wang Fang , Yu Hui , Lei Gang , Zou Hong‐Feng , Ma Biao , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe NIMA‐related kinases (NEKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases involved largely in cell cycle control in fungi, mammals and other eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, NEK6 is involved in the regulation of epidermal cell morphogenesis. However, other roles of NEK6 in plants are less well understood. Here we report functions of NEK6 in plant growth, development and stress responses in Arabidopsis. NEK6 transcripts and proteins are induced by ethylene precursor ACC and salt stress. Expression of other NEK genes except NEK5 is also responsive to the two treatments. Overexpression and mutant analysis disclose that the NEK6 gene increases rosette growth, seed yield and lateral root formation. However, NEK6 appears to play a negative role in the control of seed size. The gene also promotes plant tolerance to salt stress and osmotic stress in its overexpressing plants. The NEK6 gene may achieve its function through suppression of ethylene biosynthesis and activation of CYCB1;1 and CYCA3;1 expression. Our present study reveals new functions of the NEK6 gene in plant growth and stress tolerance, and manipulation of NEK6 may improve important agronomic traits in crop plants.
Developmental origins of obesity‐related hypertension
Authors: Henry Sarah L , Barzel Benjamin , Wood‐Bradley Ryan J , Burke Sandra L , Head Geoffrey A , Armitage James A 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. In the past 30 years the prevalence of obesity and overweight have doubled. It is now estimated that globally over 500 million adults are obese and a further billion adults are overweight. Obesity is a cardiovascular risk factor and some studies suggest that up to 70% of cases of essential hypertension may be attributable, in part, to obesity. Increasingly, evidence supports a view that obesity‐related hypertension may be driven by altered hypothalamic signalling, which results in inappropriately high appetite and sympathetic nerve activity to the kidney.2. In addition to the adult risk factors for obesity and hypertension, the environment encountered in early life may ‘programme’ the development of obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In particular, maternal obesity or high dietary fat intake in pregnancy may induce changes in fetal growth trajectories and predispose individuals to develop obesity and related sequelae.3. The mechanisms underlying the programming of obesity‐related hypertension are becoming better understood. However, several issues require clarification, particularly with regard to the role of the placenta in transferring fatty acid to the fetal compartment, the impact of placental inflammation and cytokine production in obesity.4. By understanding which factors are most associated with the development of obesity and hypertension in the offspring, we can focus therapeutic and behavioural interventions to most efficiently reduce the intergenerational propagation of the obesity cycle.
Performance characteristics and predictors of yield from transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: TRISOLINI ROCCO , CANCELLIERI ALESSANDRA , TINELLI CARMINE , PAIOLI DANIELA , SCUDELLER LUIGIA , FORTI PARRI SERGIO NICOLA , LIVI VANINA , BOARON MAURIZIO , PATELLI MARCO 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) is useful for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). However, TBNA is largely underused and the variables that may be related to its diagnostic usefulness have not been specifically studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance characteristics and predictors of yield from TBNA of PPL, and to compare the performance characteristics of different bronchoscopic sampling methods.Methods:  Consecutive patients with PPL were prospectively enrolled, and during the same examination, TBNA, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and bronchial washing (BW) were performed.Results:  Two hundred and eighteen PPL in 218 patients were sampled. TBNA was more sensitive (65%) than either TBLB (45%, P < 0.001) or BW (22%, P < 0.001). TBNA was the only diagnostic procedure in 42/196 patients (21%) with malignant lesions, and was more likely to be the only diagnostic procedure for lesions lacking (23/85 patients, 27%) than for lesions with the bronchus sign (19/111 patients, 17%). In multivariate analysis, a lesion size >2 cm, malignancy and location in the middle lobe were independent predictors of a positive TBNA result.Conclusions:  TBNA is the single best contributor to the success of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of PPLs, and should be routinely used especially in the presence of lesions lacking the bronchus sign. Lesion size of > 2 cm, location in the middle lobe, and malignant nature are strong predictors of a positive TBNA result.
Context‐Based Coding of Adaptive Multiresolution Meshes
Authors: von Tycowicz Christoph , Kälberer Felix , Polthier Konrad 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMultiresolution meshes provide an efficient and structured representation of geometric objects. To increase the mesh resolution only at vital parts of the object, adaptive refinement is widely used. We propose a lossless compression scheme for these adaptive structures that exploits the parent–child relationships inherent to the mesh hierarchy. We use the rules that correspond to the adaptive refinement scheme and store bits only where some freedom of choice is left, leading to compact codes that are free of redundancy. Moreover, we extend the coder to sequences of meshes with varying refinement. The connectivity compression ratio of our method exceeds that of state‐of‐the‐art coders by a factor of 2–7. For efficient compression of vertex positions we adapt popular wavelet‐based coding schemes to the adaptive triangular and quadrangular cases to demonstrate the compatibility with our method. Akin to state‐of‐the‐art coders, we use a zerotree to encode the resulting coefficients. Using improved context modelling we enhanced the zerotree compression, cutting the overall geometry data rate by 7% below those of the successful Progressive Geometry Compression. More importantly, by exploiting the existing refinement structure we achieve compression factors that are four times greater than those of coders which can handle irregular meshes.
An evaluation of P50 paired‐click methodologies
Authors: Dalecki Anna , Croft Rodney J. , Johnstone Stuart J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe utility of P50 paired‐click measures is limited by their unestablished reliability, unknown effects of time, and long protocol. This study measured within‐session reliability, temporal course, effect of varying interpair interval (IPI), and peak definition and ratio calculation methods on P50 paired‐click measures in healthy participants. Results indicate higher reliability for difference (ICC=.72) than ratio (ICC=.44) method; when P50 peaks are defined as baseline‐to‐peak than peak‐to‐peak; time‐related changes; and comparable P50 paired‐click measures at long (9 s) and short (3–7 s) IPIs. After controlling for time effects, P50 paired‐click measures are relatively reliable within‐session and are best measured using the difference method and defined as baseline‐to‐peak amplitude; time effects must be taken into account when measuring P50 paired‐click measures in a long paradigm; and IPI can be shortened in studies with healthy samples.
Effects of simvastatin, atorvastatin, ezetimibe, and ezetimibe + simvastatin combination on the inflammatory process and on the liver metabolic changes of arthritic rats
Authors: Bracht Lívia , Barbosa Carmem Patrícia , Caparroz‐Assef Silvana Martins , Cuman Roberto Kenji Nakamura , Ishii‐Iwamoto Emy Luiza , Bracht Adelar , Bersani‐Amado Ciomar Aparecida 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, simvastatin, atorvastatin, ezetimibe, and ezetimibe + simvastatin combination were administered to arthritic rats, first to determine their effects on the inflammatory response, employing a low‐dose adjuvant‐induced arthritis model in rats. Arthritis was induced by the subcutaneous injection of a suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (100 μg) in mineral oil [complete Freund’s adjuvant used (CFA)] into the plantar surface of the hind paws. Simvastatin40mg/kg, atorvastatin10mg/kg, ezetimibe10mg/kg, ezetimibe10mg/kg + simvastatin20mg/kg or 40mg/kg were given intragastrically and the treatment began on the day of CFA injection and continued daily up to the 28th day after arthritis induction. The ezetimibe + simvastatin combination was more effective in reducing the inflammatory response in arthritic rats than in atorvastatin, simvastatin, or ezetimibe monotherapy. The observed effect seems to be cholesterol‐independent as there were no changes in plasma cholesterol levels. In spite of the benefits on joint lesions, treatment with ezetimibe + simvastatin combination caused a marked increment in liver, kidneys, spleen size, and plasma transaminases activities. Therefore, animals treated with the ezetimibe10mg/kg + simvastatin40mg/kg combination were also submitted to liver perfusion experiments. In this regard, ezetimibe + simvastatin did not improve the liver metabolic alterations seen in control arthritic rats, on the contrary, a worsening was observed in liver production of glucose from alanine, as well as in oxygen uptake. All of these metabolic changes appear to be induced by treatment with ezetimibe + simvastatin combination, as the same metabolic effects were observed in normal and treated arthritic animals.
Effects of controlled ingestion of kaolinite (5%) on food intake, gut morphology and in vitro motility in rats
Authors: Voinot Florian , Fischer Caroline , Bœuf Amandine , Schmidt Camille , Delval‐Dubois Véronique , Reichardt François , Liewig Nicole , Chaumande Bertrand , Ehret‐Sabatier Laurence , Lignot Jean‐Hervé , Angel Fabielle 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGeophagia is found in various animal species and in humans. We have previously shown that spontaneously ingested kaolinite interacts with the intestinal mucosa modifies nutrient absorption and slows down gastric emptying and intestinal transit in rats in vivo. However, the precise mechanisms involved are not elucidated. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of controlled kaolinite ingestion on food intake, gut morphology and in vitro motility in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with 5% kaolinite in standard food pellets during 7, 14 and 28 days. Body mass and food consumption were measured daily. Intestinal morphological and proteomic analyses were conducted. The length of mucosal lacteals was evaluated. Plasmatic levels of leptin and adiponectin were determined. Finally, organ bath studies were conducted to evaluate smooth muscle contractility. Food consumption was significantly increased during the first two weeks of kaolinite ingestion without any mass gain compared to controls. Kaolinite induced weak variations in proteins that are involved in various biological processes. Compared to control animals, the length of intestinal lacteals was significantly reduced in kaolinite group whatever the duration of the experiment. Leptin and adiponectin plasmatic levels were significantly increased after 14 days of kaolinite consumption. Changes in spontaneous motility and responses to electrical nerve stimulation of the jejunum and proximal colon were observed at day 14. Altogether, the present data give evidence for a modulation by kaolinite‐controlled ingestion on satiety and anorexigenic signals as well as on intestinal and colonic motility.