bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the generalizable controls on insect associations of native and non‐native trees
Authors: Gougherty Andrew V. , Klapwijk Maartje , Liebhold Andrew M. , Mech Angela , Trombik Jiří , Fei Songlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrees growing outside their native geographic ranges often exhibit exceptional growth and survival due in part to the lack of co‐evolved natural enemies that may limit their spread and suppress population growth. While most non‐native trees tend to accumulate natural enemies over time, it remains uncertain which host and insect characteristics affect these novel associations and whether novel associations follow patterns of assembly similar to those of native hosts. Here, we used a dataset of insect–host tree associations in Europe to model which native insect species are paired with which native tree species, and then tested the model on its ability to predict which native insects are paired with which non‐native trees. We show that native and non‐native tree species closely related to known hosts are more likely to be hosts themselves, but that native host geographic range size, insect feeding guild, and sampling effort similarly affect insect associations. Our model had a strong ability to predict which insect species utilize non‐native trees as hosts, but evolutionarily isolated tree species posed the greatest challenge to the model. These results demonstrate that insect–host associations can be reliably predicted, regardless of whether insect and host trees have co‐evolved, and provide a framework for predicting future pest threats using a select number of easily attainable tree and insect characteristics.
Effects of landscape, resource use, and body size on genetic structure in bee populations
Authors: Hernandez Melissa , Suni Sevan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantifying genetic structure and levels of genetic variation are fundamentally important to predicting the ability of populations to persist in human‐altered landscapes and adapt to future environmental changes. Genetic structure reflects the dispersal of individuals over generations, which can be mediated by species‐level traits or environmental factors. Dispersal distances are commonly positively associated with body size and negatively associated with the amount of degraded habitat between sites, motivating the investigation of these potential drivers of dispersal concomitantly. We quantified genetic structure and genetic variability within populations of seven bee species from the genus Euglossa across fragmented landscapes. We genotyped bees at SNP loci and tested the following predictions: (1) deforested areas restrict gene flow; (2) larger species have lower genetic structure; (3) species with greater resource specialization have higher genetic structure; and (4) sites surrounded by more intact habitat have higher genetic diversity. Contrasting with previous work on bees, we found no associations between body size and genetic structure. Genetic structure was higher for species with greater resource specialization, and the amount of intact habitat between or surrounding sites was positively associated with parameters reflecting gene flow and genetic diversity. These results challenge the dominant paradigm that individuals of larger species disperse farther, and they suggest that landscape and resource requirements are important factors mediating dispersal.
Impact of tafamidis on myocardial function and CMR tissue characteristics in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dobner Stephan , Bernhard Benedikt , Ninck Lorenz , Wieser Monika , Bakula Adam , Wahl Andreas , Köchli Valentin , Spano Giancarlo , Boscolo Berto Martina , Elchinova Elena , Safarkhanlo Yasaman , Stortecky Stefan , Schütze Jonathan , Shiri Isaac , Hunziker Lukas , Gräni Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTafamidis improves clinical outcomes in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM), yet how tafamidis affects cardiac structure and function remains poorly described. This study prospectively analysed the effect of tafamidis on 12‐month longitudinal changes in cardiac structure and function by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) compared with the natural course of disease in an untreated historic control cohort.Methods and resultsATTR‐CM patients underwent CMR at tafamidis initiation and at 12 months. Untreated patients with serial CMRs served as reference to compare biventricular function, global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV mass and extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Thirty‐six tafamidis‐treated (n = 35; 97.1% male) and 15 untreated patients (n = 14; 93.3% male) with a mean age of 78.3 ± 6.5 and 76.9 ± 6.5, respectively, and comparable baseline characteristics were included. Tafamidis was associated with preserving biventricular function (LVEF (%): 50.5 ± 12 to 50.7 ± 11.5, P = 0.87; RVEF (%): 48.2 ± 10.4 to 48.2 ± 9.4, P = 0.99) and LV‐GLS (−9.6 ± 3.2 to −9.9 ± 2.4%; P = 0.595) at 12 months, while a significantly reduced RV‐function (50.8 ± 7.3 to 44.2 ± 11.6%, P = 0.028; P (change over time between groups) = 0.032) and numerically worsening LVGLS (−10.9 ± 3.3 to −9.1 ± 2.9%, P = 0.097; P (change over time between groups) = 0.048) was observed without treatment. LV mass significantly declined with tafamidis (184.7 ± 47.7 to 176.5 ± 44.3 g; P = 0.011), yet remained unchanged in untreated patients (163.8 ± 47.5 to 171.2 ± 39.7 g P = 0.356, P (change over time between groups) = 0.027). Irrespective of tafamidis, ECV and native T1‐mapping did not change significantly from baseline to 12‐month follow‐up (P > 0.05).ConclusionsCompared with untreated ATTR‐CM patients, initiation of tafamidis preserved CMR‐measured biventricular function and reduced LV mass at 12 months. ECV and native T1‐mapping did not change significantly comparable to baseline in both groups.
Towards the Stable Binding of Mercury: Synthesis and Functionalization of Dibenzyldiazabicyclononane Scaffolds
Authors: Weber Toni , Krönke Tobias , Köckerling Martin , Walther Martin , Pietzsch Hans‐Jürgen , Kopka Klaus , Mamat Constantin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA universally applicable synthesis route for the preparation of functionalized diazabicyclononane compounds was elaborated starting from a readily available 1,5‐diphenyl‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1] nonan‐9‐ol by alkylation of both secondary amines with modified benzyl residues containing a bromo, trimethylstannyl, trimethylsilyl, and pinacolboranyl residue. High yields (65–88 %) were achieved, supporting the intended purpose of these compounds: efficient mercuration reactions to stably bind Hg2+. Finally, the C‐9 position of two functionalized diazabicyclononanes was further modified by introducing an azide functionality. This enables the conjugation to biomolecules of interest via click chemistry combined with a tracking by the introduced mercury isotopes.
Photoinduced Remote Selective C(sp3)−H Alkylation Mediated by Cesium Formate
Authors: Simhadri Vijay Kumar , Sur Rupam , Yatham Veera Reddy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHerein, we developed a photoinduced remote selective C(sp3)−H alkylation of protected amines in the presence of cesium formate. The protected amines were synthesized from commercially available inexpensive 2‐iodo benzoyl chloride. Under mild reaction conditions, the in situ generated aryl radical is converted to α‐amidoalkyl radical via [1,5]‐HAT process, which combines with different Michael acceptors and affords corresponding alkylation products in good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that formate anion acts as a source of carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2⋅−) and hydrogen atom donor was directly confirmed by isotope‐labeling studies.
Resistance exercise training to improve post‐operative rehabilitation in knee arthroplasty patients: A narrative review
Authors: Monsegue Alejandra P. , Emans Pieter , van Loon Luc J. C. , Verdijk Lex B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis is associated with deficits in muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical functioning. These muscle‐related deficits are acutely exacerbated following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and persist long after surgery, despite the application of standardized rehabilitation programs that include physical/functional training. Resistance exercise training (RET) has been shown to be a highly effective strategy to improve muscle‐related outcomes in healthy as well as clinical populations. However, the use of RET in traditional rehabilitation programs after TKA is limited. In this narrative review, we provide an updated view on whether adding RET to the standard rehabilitation (SR) in the recovery period (up to 1 year) after TKA leads to greater improvements in muscle‐related outcomes when compared to SR alone. Overall, research findings clearly indicate that both muscle strength and muscle mass can be improved to a greater extent with RET‐based rehabilitation compared to SR. Additionally, measures of physical functioning that rely on quadriceps strength and balance (e.g., stair climbing, chair standing, etc.) also appear to benefit more from a RET‐based program compared to SR, especially in patients with low levels of physical functioning. Importantly though, for RET to be optimally effective, it should be performed at 70%–80% of the one‐repetition maximum, with 3–4 sets per exercise, with a minimum of 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Based upon this narrative review, we recommend that such high‐intensity progressive RET should be incorporated into standard programs during rehabilitation after TKA.
Dielectrophoresis: Measurement technologies and auxiliary sensing applications
Authors: Hu Sheng , Ji Junyou , Chen Xiaoming , Tong Ruijie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP), which arises from the interaction between dielectric particles and an aqueous solution in a nonuniform electric field, contributes to the manipulation of nano and microparticles in many fields, including colloid physics, analytical chemistry, molecular biology, clinical medicine, and pharmaceutics. The measurement of the DEP force could provide a more complete solution for verifying current classical DEP theories. This review reports various imaging, fluidic, optical, and mechanical approaches for measuring the DEP forces at different amplitudes and frequencies. The integration of DEP technology into sensors enables fast response, high sensitivity, precise discrimination, and label‐free detection of proteins, bacteria, colloidal particles, and cells. Therefore, this review provides an in‐depth overview of DEP‐based fabrication and measurements. Depending on the measurement requirements, DEP manipulation can be classified into assistance and integration approaches to improve sensor performance. To this end, an overview is dedicated to developing the concept of trapping‐on‐sensing, improving its structure and performance, and realizing fully DEP‐assisted lab‐on‐a‐chip systems.
Exploring the multifarious blend ratios of waste fried edible oil biodiesel/diesel/low carbon methanol in an automotive engine: An approach towards fuel characterization, experimental, and multicriteria decision making method
Authors: Ananda Murugan M. , Nataraj G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA low‐cost, high‐performance alternative fuel to traditional fossil fuels is required due to rising energy demand, fossil fuel depletion, and rising prices. In this case, one of the green fuels could be synthesized using transesterification from waste‐fried edible oil (WFEO). The current study deals with neat diesel (D100) and waste‐fried edible oil biodiesel (B100) as the baseline fuels. By volume, a binary blend of 50% diesel and 50% WFEO biodiesel was prepared. The biodiesel/methanol/diesel mixture was considered a ternary blend under two different ternary ratios, such as B40M10D50 and B30M20D50, respectively. The fuel characterization and the rheological study were performed for all the fuel blends as per the ASTM standards. According to engine experimental results, the B30M20D50 blend has 25.42% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than B100 but 3.4% lower than D100 at full load due to the higher methanol percentage. When compared with D100, adding 20% methanol to the ternary blend reduced brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 33.34%. Both ternary blends increased NOx emissions by 27.38% and 22.97% compared to D100 but decreased them by 14.23% and 18.68% compared to B100. Both ternary blends produced 0.4 and 0.36 kg/kWh at lower loads, while the D100 and B100 produced 0.46 and 0.42 kg/kWh. Finally, the entropy‐weighted technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) multi‐criteria decision‐making method was used to determine the best blend for engine performance and emissions. The entropy‐weighted TOPSIS technique likewise found that a B30M20D50 ternary blend with 75% loading had the lowest emissions and best performance.
Spring erosional processes and small sapping valleys in southwestern lower Michigan, USA
Authors: Colgan Patrick M. , Larson Eleanore A. , Riemersma Peter E. , Szydlowski Hanna V. , Baker Tyler 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTributary valleys along the Pigeon River in southwestern Michigan USA possess many previously defined criteria for sapping valleys. Direct observations of seasonal variations in groundwater levels, hydraulic gradients and water temperatures confirm that perennial springs and their streams are present in these small valleys. Estimated spring‐fed stream discharges are low and variable, but continuous. Direct observations, grain‐size distributions and bedload transport estimates indicate that significant transport of fine to medium sand occurs in all seasons.We present a process‐form model for small‐scale sapping processes. Stream terraces and paleo‐meander scarps are being modified by sapping, and elongated valleys are likely being lengthened headward by groundwater sapping. Sapping processes have been occurring for at least the past ~4,500 years after Pigeon River adjusted to a fall in base level from the Nipissing high stand to the modern level of Lake Michigan. Sapping processes are currently producing a variety of small‐scale landforms dependent on four main factors: 1) hydraulic gradients and spring discharges, 2) available grain size of material being eroded, 3) transport rate of sand bedload by spring‐fed streams and finally 4) time available for groundwater sapping process to occur.
Constitutional and acquired genetic variants in ARID5B in pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ragnarsson Charlotte , Yang Minjun , Moura‐Castro Larissa Helena , Aydın Efe , Gunnarsson Rebeqa , Olsson‐Arvidsson Linda , Lilljebjörn Henrik , Fioretos Thoas , Duployez Nicolas , Zaliova Marketa , Zuna Jan , Castor Anders , Johansson Bertil , Paulsson Kajsa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConstitutional polymorphisms in ARID5B are associated with an increased risk of developing high hyperdiploid (HeH; 51–67 chromosomes) pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL). Here, we investigated constitutional and somatic ARID5B variants in 1335 BCP ALL cases from five different cohorts, with a particular focus on HeH cases. In 353 HeH ALL that were heterozygous for risk alleles and trisomic for chromosome 10, where ARID5B is located, a significantly higher proportion of risk allele duplication was seen for the SNPs rs7090445 (p = 0.009), rs7089424 (p = 0.005), rs7073837 (p = 0.03), and rs10740055 (p = 0.04). Somatic ARID5B deletions were seen in 16/1335 cases (1.2%), being more common in HeH than in other genetic subtypes (2.2% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.002). The expression of ARID5B in HeH cases with genomic deletions was reduced, consistent with a functional role in leukemogenesis. Whole‐genome sequencing and RNA‐sequencing in HeH revealed additional somatic events involving ARID5B, resulting in a total frequency of 3.6% of HeH cases displaying a somatic ARID5B aberration. Overall, our results show that both constitutional and somatic events in ARID5B are involved in the leukemogenesis of pediatric BCP ALL, particularly in the HeH subtype.
Cholera rages in Africa and the Middle East: A narrative review on challenges and solutions
Authors: Ahmed Abdulrahman K. , Sijercic Victor Coll , Akhtar Mahad S. , Elbayomy Ahmed , Marouf Mohamed A. , Zeleke Mahlet S. , Sayad Reem , Abdelshafi Abdelrahman , Laird Nicholas J. , El‐Mokhtar Mohamed A. , Ruthig Gregory R. , Hetta Helal F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimCholera is a life‐threatening infectious disease that is still one of the most common acute watery diarrheal diseases in the world today. Acute diarrhea and severe dehydration brought on by cholera can cause hypovolemic shock, which can be fatal in minutes. Without competent clinical therapy, the rate of case fatality surpasses 50%. The purpose of this review was to highlight cholera challenges in Africa and the Middle East and explain the reasons for why this region is currently a fertile environment for cholera. We investigated cholera serology, epidemiology, and the geographical distribution of cholera in Africa and the Middle East in 2022 and 2023. We reviewed detection methods, such as rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and treatments, such as antibiotics and phage therapy. Finally, this review explored oral cholera vaccines (OCVs), and the vaccine shortage crisis.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Embase, for studies on cholera using the following keywords: ((Cholera) OR (Vibrio cholera) and (Coronavirus) OR (COVID‐19) OR (SARS‐CoV2) OR (The Middle East) OR (Africa)).Results and ConclusionsCholera outbreaks have increased dramatically, mainly in Africa and many Middle Eastern countries. The COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced the attention devoted to cholera and disrupted diagnosis and treatment services, as well as vaccination initiatives. Most of the cholera cases in Africa and the Middle East were reported in Malawi and Syria, respectively, in 2022. RDTs are effective in the early detection of cholera epidemics, especially with limited advanced resources, which is the case in much of Africa. By offering both direct and indirect protection, expanding the use of OCV will significantly reduce the burden of current cholera outbreaks in Africa and the Middle East.
Evaluation of the implementation of the objective structured clinical examination in health sciences education from a low‐income context in Tunisia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ben Amor Asma , Farhat Hassan , Alinier Guillaume , Ounallah Amina , Bouallegue Olfa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundObjective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is well‐established and designed to evaluate students' clinical competence and practical skills in a standardized and objective manner. While OSCEs are widespread in higher‐income countries, their implementation in low‐resource settings presents unique challenges that warrant further investigation.AimThis study aims to evaluate the perception of the health sciences students and their educators regarding deploying OSCEs within the School of Health Sciences and Techniques of Sousse (SHSTS) in Tunisia and their efficacity in healthcare education compared to traditional practical examination methods.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in June 2022, focusing on final‐year Health Sciences students at the SHSTS in Tunisia. The study participants were students and their educators involved in the OSCEs from June 6th to June 11th, 2022. Anonymous paper‐based 5‐point Likert scale satisfaction surveys were distributed to the students and their educators, with a separate set of questions for each. Spearman, Mann–Whitney U and Krusakll–Wallis tests were utilized to test the differences in satisfaction with the OSCEs among the students and educators. The Wilcoxon Rank test was utilized to examine the differences in students' assessment scores in the OSCEs and the traditional practical examination methods.ResultsThe satisfaction scores were high among health sciences educators and above average for students, with means of 3.82 ± 1.29 and 3.15 ± 0.56, respectively. The bivariate and multivariate analyzes indicated a significant difference in the satisfaction between the students' specialities. Further, a significant difference in their assessment scores distribution in the practical examinations and OSCEs was also demonstrated, with better performance in the OSCEs.ConclusionOur study provides evidence of the relatively high level of satisfaction with the OSCEs and better performance compared to the traditional practical examinations. These findings advocate for the efficacy of OSCEs in low‐income countries and the need to sustain them.
Gas emissivities and absorptivities for H2O–CO2–CO mixtures
Authors: Camaraza‐Medina Yanan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, an approximate solution is given to compute the gas emissivities and absorptivities for H2O–CO2–CO mixtures. The proposed model is valid for temperatures from 300 to 2700 K and pressure path‐length from 0.06 to 40 atm m. In the calculation of the analytical solution (AS), the nonlinear methods of Galerkin and Ritz were implemented based on the residual solution of the differential roots of the Finite Element Method. For each point value using the AS, the spectral absorptivity and emissivity were determined, while for the gas mixture the emissivity and absorptivity were computed using the Hottel Graphical Method (HGM) and the proposed method. In the emissivity calculations, the HGM shows less adjustment, with values of ±20% and ±15% for 79.1% and 56.2% of the available analytical data, while the proposed model correlates adequately with the available data, showing an average deviation of ±15% and ±10% for 91.4% and 76.2% of the available data. In the absorptivity estimations, the HGM shows a weaker fit, with values of ±20% and ±15% for 77.3% and 51.4% of the experimental data, respectively, while the proposed model shows good agreement with the available data, with a mean deviation of ±15% and ±10% for 89.8% and 74.1% of the test made.