bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and in vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Plectranthus neochilus Grown in Southeast Brazil
Authors: Caixeta Soraya C. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , de Melo Nathalya I. , Wakabayashi Kamila A. L. , de P. Aguiar Gabriela , de P. Aguiar Daniela , Mantovani André L. L. , Alves Jacqueline M. , Oliveira Pollyanna F. , Tavares Denise C. , Groppo Milton , Rodrigues Vanderlei , Cunha Wilson R. , Veneziani Rodrigo C. S. , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe chemical composition and the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus (PN‐EO) grown in Southeast Brazil was studied. β‐Caryophyllene (1; 28.23%), α‐thujene (2; 12.22%), α‐pinene (3; 12.63%), β‐pinene (4; 6.19%), germacrene D (5; 5.36%), and caryophyllene oxide (6; 5.37%) were the major essential oil constituents. This chemical composition differed from that previously reported for specimens harvested in Africa. Concerning the in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms, PN‐EO was considered to be active, but less effective than the positive control praziquantel (PZQ) in terms of separation of coupled pairs, mortality, decrease in the motor activity, and tegumental alterations. However, PN‐EO caused an interesting dose‐dependent reduction in the number and the percentage of developed S. mansoni eggs. These results suggest that PN‐EO might be very promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
Feasibility of recycling KOH in chemical activation of oil‐sands petroleum coke
Authors: Yuan Mingjiang , Kim Yesul , Jia Charles Q. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough potassium hydroxide (KOH) is known to be effective in generating highly porous activated carbons, the mechanism of KOH activation has not been well elucidated. To develop porosity in carbon, a high KOH/carbon mass ratio must be maintained. Consequently, KOH, as the activating agent, represents a major part of the cost of the activation process. Focusing on the mechanism, particularly the activation products, the present work attempted to establish the technical feasibility of recycling KOH. Experiments revealed that the major products of KOH activation at 600–900°C are metallic K, K2CO3, CO and H2, which is supported by thermodynamic analysis. The overall reaction may be written as 6KOH + 4C = K2CO3 + 4K + 3H2 + 3CO. At temperatures over 900°C, K2CO3 becomes unstable and participates in activation reactions with carbon; a more suitable overall reaction would be KOH + C = CO + K + 0.5H2. As potassium ion is reduced to metallic K which is readily converted into KOH and hydrogen gas upon reacting with water, KOH recycling is feasible. The reuse of KOH in chemical activation could substantially reduce the cost of activation process. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Optimization of the method for color measurement of printing on holographic paper
Authors: Huang Xinguo , Wan Xiaoxia , Liu Zhen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractColor is one of the most important quality control parameters for printing, but there is no applicable color measurement method for printing on holographic paper. The aim of this study was to analyze the reason why current instruments are unable to provide accurate color measurement for holographic paper printing and find a way to solve the problem. Diffuse geometry instrument was proved to be more suitable than directional geometry instrument for holographic paper printing. Variations in the measured color coordinates due to holograph patterns were observed by measuring four types of holographic papers before and after printing. The distribution uniformity and the area of holographic patterns were considered as the main factors that influence measurement repeatability and consistency. By using d:8° geometry instrument in specular component included (SCI) mode and large circular measured area, measurements at two angles of the same point and averaging, or measurements at three different positions and averaging were proved to improve the measurement repeatability on a single point and measurement consistency on a single sheet of holographic paper. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
Three‐dimensional thinning algorithms on graphics processing units and multicore CPUs
Authors: Jiménez J. , Ruiz de Miras J. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYThree‐dimensional curve skeletons are a very compact representation of three‐dimensional objects with many uses and applications in ﬁelds such as computer graphics, computer vision, and medical imaging. An important problem is that the calculation of the skeleton is a very time‐consuming process. Thinning is a widely used technique for calculating the curve skeleton because of the properties it ensures and the ease of implementation. In this paper, we present parallel versions of a thinning algorithm for eﬃcient implementation in both graphics processing units and multicore CPUs. The parallel programming models used in our implementations are Compute Uniﬁed Device Architecture (CUDA) and Open Computing Language (OpenCL). The speedup achieved with the optimized parallel algorithms for the graphics processing unit achieves 106.24x against the CPU single‐process version and more than 19x over the CPU multithreaded version. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transmission electron microscopy investigation of B27 martensitic phase in polycrystalline YCu intermetallic compound
Authors: Cao G. H. , Schaarschuch R. , Oertel C.‐G. , Skrotzki W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolycrystalline YCu specimens with a CsCl‐type B2 structure made by induction melting were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM studies show that an orthorhombic YCu B27 martensite with FeB‐type structure having lattice parameters a = 0.71 nm, b = 0.45 nm and c = 0.54 nm forms during deformation at ambient temperature. (101) twins are observed in the YCu B27 phase. The orientation relationship of B27 with B2 matrix is (001)[1$ \bar 1 $0]B27 ‖ (112)[1$ \bar 1 $0]B2. Effects of B27 phase formation on the ductility of YCu alloy are discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An improved MMUSIC algorithm of direction of arrival estimation
Authors: Li Bo 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYAn improved algorithm is presented for a signal's direction of arrival estimation to reduce the computational complexity of the existing modified multiple signal classification (MMUSIC) algorithm. In this paper, FFT algorithm is introduced to narrow the searching range of the direction angle. Afterwards, a compromise approach‐based SVD and orthogonal–triangular decomposition takes the place of traditional double SVDs. Then, during matrix calculation, the noise subspace is achieved for the signal's direction of arrival. Finally, the system simulation demonstrates the efficiency and reliability of this novel MMUSIC algorithm. Compared with the existing algorithm, MMUSIC effectively saves the computational complexity with the approximation estimation performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Tetrahydrodibenzofuran and Tetrahydrophenanthridinone Skeletons by Intramolecular Nucleopalladation/Oxidative Heck Cascades
Authors: Martínez Claudio , Aurrecoechea José M. , Madich Youssef , Denis J. Gabriel , de Lera Angel R. , Álvarez Rosana 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFunctionalized alkylidene‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrodibenzo[b,d]furans and ‐phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐ones have been synthesized regio‐ and stereoselectively from either o‐iodophenols or ‐benzamides and alkynes by consecutive Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling and nucleophilic addition/oxidative Heck‐type coupling cascade reactions. In the case of iodobenzamide substrates, the whole sequence can be conveniently carried out without the isolation of intermediates. Maleic anhydride has been found to be useful as an additive in the Heck coupling step.
LOS(T) IN LONG‐TERM CARE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM GERMAN DATA 2000–2009
Authors: Häcker Jasmin , Hackmann Tobias 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTUsing microdata, that is, representative samples of 114,403 German long‐term care dependants (LTCDs) observed from 2000 to 2009, we give a comprehensive insight into the length of stay (LOS) in long‐term care (LTC). Furthermore, this paper evaluates the effects of longevity on the LOS, thus revisiting the debate on the validity of the competing theories of compression or expansion of morbidity in LTC. The analysis finds significant effects on the LOS when AGE is controlled for, albeit do not confirm the time‐to‐death hypothesis. However, controlling for ASSESSMENT LEVEL suggests an improved health status of LTCDs over time, thus supporting the time‐to‐death hypothesis. An analysis of the mortality rates of LTCDs is to give insight into the opposing results. But the regression of mortality shows a divergence in the development of mortality rates for different disability levels. This is evidence to suggest that the ‘improved’ health status in LTC is not only due to actual changes in the health status, but also a consequence of political intervention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Red cell distribution width (RDW) in the newborn: normative data
Authors: Tonbul Alparslan , Tayman Cuneyt , Catal Ferhat , Kara Semra , Tatli Mustafa Mansur 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim: To evaluate the normal range of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in term and preterm newborns dependent on gestational age. Material and methods: A total of 1,594 preterm and term neonates were admitted to our neonatology department. Infants were divided into two groups according to their gestational age. Group 1 consisted of infants with ≤34 weeks of gestation; group 2 consisted of infants with ≥35 weeks of gestation. Infants in Groups I and II were subdivided according to their gestational age. Gestational age, birth weight, sex, hemoglobin and hematocrit, MCV levels of all newborns were recorded, and RDW was compared between the groups. Results: A total of 1,594 newbornswere enrolled in the study. Group 1 (≤34 weeks) consisted of 725 newborns and Group 2 (≥35 weeks) consisted of 869 newborns. The mean normal range of RDW in Group 1 was 17.8 ± 2.1 and of group II was 16.7 ± 1.6 (P<0.05). The normal range for RDW values at 32–34 weeks was higher than at 35–36 gestational weeks, and at 37–42 weeks (P = 0.002 and 0.003). Conclusion: RDW values at ≤34 weeks in newborns are higher than at ≥35 weeks. This may be useful in the differential diagnosis of neonatal hematologic diseases together with other red cell parameters. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:422–425, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Residents contributing to inpatient quality: Blending learning and improvement
Authors: Smith Kristofer L. , Ashburn Sarah , Rule Erin , Jervis Ramiro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Quality improvement (QI) initiatives reduce medical errors and are an important aspect of resident physician training. Many institutions have limited funding and few QI experts, making it essential to develop effective programs that require only modest resources. We describe a resident‐led, hospitalist‐facilitated limited root cause analysis (RCA) QI program developed to meet training needs and institutional constraints.METHODS:We initiated a monthly quality improvement conference (QIC) at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, New York. Before each conference, a third‐year resident investigated a patient care issue and completed a limited RCA. At the QIC, the findings were presented to the Internal Medicine residents, followed by a chief resident and hospitalist‐facilitated group discussion. All proposed interventions were recorded, and selected interventions were later implemented. The success of these interventions in achieving permanent system‐wide change or resident behavior change was tracked. Residents' views on the conferences were solicited via an anonymous questionnaire.RESULTS:Twenty conferences were held over the first 22 months of the program. Twenty‐five (54%) of the 46 suggested interventions were initiated. Eighteen (72%) attempted interventions resulted in system‐wide change or resident behavior change. Fifty‐three residents evaluated the quality of the conferences. The majority believed the conferences were high quality (98%) and led to patient care improvements (96%).CONCLUSIONS:Resident‐led modified RCAs are an effective method of integrating QI efforts into resident training. As front line providers, residents are uniquely positioned to identify and implement system changes that benefit patients. Conferences were implemented without overburdening facilitators or participants. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Canonical Wnt signaling in the notochordal cell is upregulated in early intervertebral disk degeneration
Authors: Smolders Lucas A. , Meij Björn P. , Riemers Frank M. , Licht Ruud , Wubbolts Richard , Heuvel Douwe , Grinwis Guy C.M. , Vernooij Hans C.M. , Hazewinkel Herman A.W. , Penning Louis C. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe notochordal cell (NC) of the nucleus pulposus (NP) is considered a potential NP progenitor cell, and early intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration involves replacement of NCs by chondrocyte‐like cells (CLCs). Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays a crucial role in maintaining the notochordal fate during embryogenesis, but is also involved in tissue degeneration and regeneration. The canine species, which can be subdivided into non‐chondrodystrophic and chondrodystrophic breeds, is characterized by differential maintenance of the NC: in non‐chondrodystrophic dogs, the NC remains the predominant cell type during the majority of life, with IVD degeneration only occurring at old age; conversely, in chondrodystrophic dogs the NC is lost early in life, with concurrent degeneration of all IVDs. This study investigated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in the healthy, NC‐rich NP and early degenerated, CLC‐rich NP of both breed types by immunohistochemistry of β‐catenin and relative gene expression of brachyury and cytokeratin 8 (notochordal markers) and Wnt targets axin2, cyclin D1, and c‐myc. Both NCs and CLCs showed nuclear and cytoplasmic β‐catenin protein expression and axin2 gene expression, but β‐catenin signal intensity and Wnt target gene expression were higher in the CLC‐rich NP. Primary NCs in monolayer culture (normoxic conditions) showed Wnt/β‐catenin signaling comparable to the in vivo situation, with increased cyclin D1 and c‐myc gene expression. In conclusion, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activity in the NC within the NC‐rich NP and in culture supports the role of this cell as a potential progenitor cell; increased Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activity in early IVD degeneration may be a reflection of its dual role. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:950–957, 2012
Effect of micro‐oxygenation on sensory characteristics and consumer preference of Cabernet Sauvignon wine
Authors: Parpinello Giuseppina Paola , Plumejeau François , Maury Chantal , Versari Andrea 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to improve the structure of a Cabernet Sauvignon red wine in a short period of time by micro‐oxygenation (MOX) at high rates (25 and 50 mL L−1 month−1), the effects of which were evaluated based on sensory characteristics and consumer preference. Sensory data were analysed by principal component analysis, discriminant analysis and ordinal logistic regression (OLR).RESULTS: MOX led to significant differences in the colour, colour stability and phenolic compounds of wine. Sensory characteristics also changed through MOX treatment, and wine experts were able to discriminate between MOX‐treated and untreated samples, with olfactory intensity, complexity, astringency and roundness being the main discriminating characteristics. Ordinal logistic regression enabled identification of the sensory characteristics that drove consumer preference.CONCLUSION: MOX at high rates improved the sensory characteristics of wine and may therefore be considered a valid technique for obtaining structured wines in a short period of time, i.e. within just a few months after the vintage. The results highlight the need for (i) careful selection of the MOX dosage rate and duration (the 25 mL L−1 month−1 dose for 6 days provided the best result) and (ii) continuous monitoring of the MOX treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) phytochemicals on stable free radicals and human cancer cells
Authors: Tumbas Vesna T , Čanadanović‐Brunet Jasna M , Četojević‐Simin Dragana D , Ćetković Gordana S , Ðilas Sonja M , Gille Lars 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The commercial development of plants as sources of antioxidants that can be used to enhance the properties of foods, for nutritional purposes and preservation as well as for prevention of oxidation‐related diseases, is currently of major interest. Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenols.RESULTS: Phytochemicals in rosehip tea were separated into three fractions: Fr1 (vitamin C, 39.17 mg kg−1), Fr2 (flavonoids, 451.05 µg kg−1) and Fr3 (phenolic acids, 504.69 µg kg−1). Quercetin and ellagic acid were the most abundant polyphenolic compounds. Rosehip fractions, primarily rosehip flavonoids (EC50 = 49 mg L−1), showed high antioxidant activity towards 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•). Cell growth effects of rosehip fractions were assessed in HeLa, MCF7 and HT‐29 cell lines, with the lowest IC50 values being determined for rosehip flavonoids, (80.63, 248.03 and 363.95 mg L−1 respectively). However, the vitamin C fraction did not inhibit the growth of tested tumour cells.CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that vitamin C and flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant activity of rosehip tea, while only polyphenols contribute to its antiproliferative activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid determination of lycopene and β‐carotene in tomato by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lucini Luigi , Pellizzoni Marco , Baffi Claudio , Molinari Gian Pietro 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The tomato fruit is a dietary source of carotenoids, bioactive antioxidant compounds that play an important role in the prevention of degenerative diseases. Several extraction and detection techniques regarding carotenoids in tomatoes can be found in the literature, mainly based on high‐performance liquid chromatography separation and ultraviolet‐visible detection.RESULTS: The best extraction conditions and tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis were evaluated: lycopene and β‐carotene were extracted in a cyclohexane/ethyl acetate mixture without the addition of antioxidants, next separated by liquid chromatography on a C18 column and then determined through electrospray tandem MS. Ionic suppression by the matrix in negative ionisation mode did not allow the analysis of extracts, hence the positive ionisation mode was chosen. Validation parameters demonstrated the suitability for purpose of the analytical method: accuracy, precision, linearity and detection limits were adequate. The method was finally applied to different tomato samples, and differences could be easily highlighted.CONCLUSION: The method was simple, fast and appropriate for the purpose of analysing lycopene and β‐carotene in tomatoes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparative isolation and purification of antioxidative diarylheptanoid derivatives from Alnus japonica by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Lim Soon Sung , Lee Min Young , Ahn Hong Ryul , Choi Soon Jung , Lee Jae‐Yong , Jung Sang Hoon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study employed the online HPLC‐2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS)+ bioassay to rapidly determine the antioxidant compounds occurring in the crude extract of Alnus japonica. The negative peaks of the ABTS+ radical scavenging detection system, which indicated the presence of antioxidant activity, were monitored by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 734 nm. The ABTS+‐based antioxidant activity profile showed that three negative peaks exhibited antioxidant activity. High‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was used for preparative scale separation of the three active peaks from the extract. The purity of the isolated compounds was analyzed by HPLC and their structures were identified by 1H‐ and 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC). Two solvent systems composed of n‐hexane/ethylacetate/methanol/water (4:6:4:6, v/v) and of ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.1:1, v/v) were performed in high‐speed counter‐current chromatography. Consequently, a total of 527 mg of hirsutanonol 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, 80.04 mg of 3‐deoxohirsutenonol 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and 91.0 mg of hirsutenone were obtained with purity of 94.7, 90.5, and 98.6%, respectively.
One‐ and comprehensive two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of alkylphenol polyethoxylates
Authors: Wu Ze‐ying , Marriott Philip J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APnEOs) in one‐dimensional (1‐D) mode usually separates either the ethoxy or alkyl moiety distribution and requires different modes for adequate resolution. Simultaneous complete separation of variable ethoxymer chain lengths and variable alkyl end groups using 1‐D‐HPLC has not been reported and suggests that multidimensional (MDLC) or comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) might offer a suitable separation approach for this goal. This study compares different separation modes – normal phase LC (NPLC), reversed‐phase LC (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) – in terms of separation for alkyl and ethoxy distributions. RPLC provided adequate separation of octyl and nonyl APnEOs using an isocratic elution program and was selected as second dimension (2D) for LC×LC. NPLC offered better resolution than HILIC; however, non‐polar NPLC solvent immiscibility with RPLC mobile phases leads to HILIC being chosen as first dimension (1D). The HILIC×RPLC system was evaluated by analysis of four APnEO mixtures. Complete simultaneous separation of APnEOs into individual oligomers, with each alkyl end group resolved, demonstrated the capability of the LC×LC method. Different descriptors and metrics for assessing system orthogonality were investigated to evaluate HILIC×RPLC performance. A relatively high dimensionality of 1.76 was demonstrated.
Will biodiesel derived from algal oils live up to its promise? A fuel property assessment
Authors: Knothe Gerhard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlgae have been attracting considerable attention as a source of biodiesel recently. This is largely due to the claimed high production potential of algal oils while circumventing the food vs. fuel issue. However, the properties of biodiesel fuels derived from algal oils have only been sparsely documented or discussed. This article discusses the expected properties of biodiesel derived from algal oils based on known fatty acid profiles.