bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration of 123I-Metaiodobenzyl-Guanidine in Left and Right Liver Lobes
Authors: Jacobsson H. , Johansson L. , Kimiaei S. , Larsson S. A. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: Normal radioactivity in the liver is often shown to be higher in the left lobe than in the right lobe at clinical examination by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG). Our objective was to determine whether this represents a pathological condition. Material and Methods: The distribution of 123I-MIBG in the liver was retrospectively studied in clinical patients who had normal CT examinations of the liver and spleen. In the SPECT sections of 27 123I-MIBG examinations, we determined the activity ratios between the left and right lobes. The control group comprised 33 examinations with 111In-pentetreotide (OctreoScan) and 23 examinations with 99mTc-antigranulocyte antibody. Results: The mean activity ratio between left and right lobes for 123I-MIBG was 1.24, and for 111In-pentetreotide 0.87. These figures differed significantly both from each other and from 1.00. The mean ratio for 99mTc-antibody at the early examinations was 0.99, and at the late examinations 0.95. These figures differed significantly from the values for 123I-MIBG and 111In-pentetreotide. Conclusion: The increased concentration of 123I-MIBG in the left lobe of the liver compared to the right lobe is a normal finding. The reason for this cannot be explained. The difference in the way in which the left and right lobes deal with the three radiopharmaceuticals is a new finding and indicates a regional difference in liver function that has not been reported previously.
Interventional Neuroradiology
Authors: Nakstad P. H. 
Published: October 2009

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of all aspects concerning interventional neuroradiology of vascular central nervous diseases. Today, interventional neuroradiology can help many patients that, even until a few years ago, did not have any possibility for a safe cure. Complex cerebral arteriovenous malformations and fistulas, inoperable aneurysms and intravascular thromboses are often treated with interventional neuroradiology alone, while in other cases a combination of neurosurgery and radiation may help in reaching a good outcome for the patients. In the past few decades the efforts by neuroradiologists and collaborating clinicians to develop treatment strategies and methods for these and other high risk diseases represent a vast, fascinating field of modern medicine. The article therefore focusses on the state-of-the-art and describes presently used methods for diseases that can be treated with interventional neuroradiology. Literature dealing with the historical development of interventional neuroradiology and important publications of recent scientific work are reviewed, providing the reader with an overview of the most pertinent material on each disease discussed. Aspects of training and ethics are discussed and emphasis is focussed on the importance of recognizing these aspects as essential in any case of interventional radiological treatment.
MR Imaging of Experimentally Induced Intracranial Hemorrhage in Rabbits during the First 6 Hours
Authors: Gustafsson O. , Rossitti S. , Ericsson A. , Raininko R. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the MR appearance of intracranial, especially intraparenchymal, hemorrhage during the first 6 hours after bleeding with various pulse sequences in an animal model. Material and Methods: Intracerebral hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage were created by injecting autologous blood in 9 rabbits. MR studies were performed using a 1.5 T scanner with pixel size and slice thickness comparable to those used in clinical practice before blood injection, immediately after injection, and at regular intervals during 6 hours. The images were compared with the hematoma sizes on formalin-fixed brain slices. Results: In every animal, susceptibility-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) pulse sequences depicted the intraparenchymal hematomas and blood escape in the ventricles or subarachnoid space best as areas of sharply defined, strong hypointensity. The findings remained essentially unchanged during follow-up. The sizes corresponded well to the post-mortem findings. Gradient- and spin-echo (GRASE) imaging revealed some hypointensities, but these were smaller and less well defined. Spin-echo (SE) sequences (proton density-, T1- and T2-weighted) as well as a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery turbo spin-echo sequence (fast FLAIR) depicted the hemorrhage sites as mostly isointense to brain. Conclusion: Susceptibility-weighted GRE imaging at 1.5 T is highly sensitive to both hyperacute hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma and to subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Authors: Skaane P. , Skjørten F. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To compare ultrasonographic (US) and mammographic findings and tumor size measurements of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Material and Methods: US diagnoses and mammographic findings were compared in 95 patients with pure ILC, including 46 palpable and 49 nonpalpable tumors. The diameters of tumors measured by mammography, US, and pathology were compared in 70 of the 95 patients using scatter plots and correlation analysis. Results: Eighty-two (86.3%) of the ILCs were correctly diagnosed as malignant tumor, 5 (5.3%) were diagnosed as focal abnormality, and only 2 patients had normal findings on US. The most common mammographic findings were a spiculated mass (57%) and a focal asymmetric density (15%). US correctly diagnosed 8 of 12 patients with normal or equivocal mammographic findings. The correlation of tumor size assessment on imaging and pathology revealed that US measurements including the “halo” (r=0.69) was superior to that of mammography (r=0.59). ILCs larger than 30 mm were heavily underestimated by both methods. Conclusion: Malignant tumor was diagnosed on US in most of the patients with ILC. US tumor measurement including the “halo” predicted tumor size most accurately. The correlation between imaging measurements and tumor diameter on histology was lower for ILCs than reported for populations of mixed carcinomas.
Contribution of Ultrasonography and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology to the Differential Diagnosis of Palpable Solid Breast Lesions
Authors: Reinikainen H. , Rissanen T. J. , Piippo U. K. , Päivänsalo M. J. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To define the role of ultrasonography (US) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) relative to mammography in differentiating between benign and malignant palpable solid breast lesions, and to assess the contribution of FNAB cytology to the delay between referral and the definitive diagnosis of breast cancer. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the mammograms and US images of 84 palpable breast lesions, 63 of them also blindly. The lesions were classified as benign, indeterminate or malignant by both modalities. The results were compared with histologic diagnoses. The cytologic reports of 57 lesions were reviewed and compared to the final diagnoses. The delay from referral until diagnosis was calculated for each case. Results: Eighty-one of the 84 lesions (96%) were visible as a local abnormality at US. Fifty-two of the 53 cancers were seen as a tumor (n=51) or an architectural distortion (n=1). In the blinded analysis, the sensitivity of FNAB cytology was 92%, specificity 83%, and overall accuracy 88%. There were no false-negative malignancies in the three modalities combined. The delay until the date of the final diagnosis was shorter in the group with a cytologic diagnosis positive for malignancy. Conclusion: Malignancy is unlikely if the US, mammographic and cytologic findings of a palpable breast lesion are all benign. Active and critical use of these three modalities could cut down the number of surgical biopsies of benign breast lesions and provide prompt surgical treatment for malignant lesions.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Planar Scintimammography with 99mTc-Sestamibi
Authors: Danielsson R. , Boné B. , Gad A. , Sylvan M. , Aspelin P. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: The aim of our prospective study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of planar breast imaging with 99mTc-MIBI in detecting malignant disease. Material and Methods: Ninety-six consecutive patients with 121 clinically-and/or mammographically-detected breast lesions underwent preoperative planar scintimammography. Ten minutes after injection of 700 MBq99mTc-MIBI, two lateral prone and one anterior supine projections with an acquisition time of 8 minutes each were obtained. Interpretation of scintimammographic results was made blindly and any focal accumulation of MIBI in the breasts was the criterion for an abnormal scintigram. All lesions were operated on and histologically verified. Results: Histologically, 86 malignant and 35 benign lesions were found in 121 breast lesions. A sensitivity of 83.7% and a specificity of 74.2% for malignancy was achieved at planar scintimammography. Conclusion: Scintimammography with 99mTc-MIBI is an imaging modality of modest usefulness in the investigation of breast lesions. The method has a low sensitivity in lesions smaller than 10 mm in diameter, which decreases the clinical use of the method.
Wrist and Finger Joint MR Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Klarlund M. , Østegaard M. , Gideon P. , Sørensen K. , Jensen K. E. , Lorenzen I. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To elaborate the best MR imaging protocol for studies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate the sensitivity and interobserver agreement with respect to detection of bone erosions (MR and radiography) and grading of synovial membrane hypertrophy (MR imaging only). Material and Methods: MR imaging and conventional radiography of wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints were performed in 41 RA patients and 3 healthy controls. The following pulse sequences were applied: T1-weighted spin-echo (T1-SE) with and without contrast enhancement, T2-SE, T2-turbo-SE, T1-2D-FLASH, T1-3D-FLASH, fat-saturated-T1-SE, STIR and 3D-DESS. Results: Bone erosions were found by MR compared to radiography in 261 versus 85 bones of the wrist (ratio 3.1) and 59 versus 21 MCP joint quadrants (ratio 2.81). MR and radiography interobserver agreements were both approximately 90%. Likewise, MR scored synovial membrane hypertrophy in wrist and MCP joints with a high interobserver agreement. The most informative MR sequence appeared to be contrast-enhanced T1-SE MR, preferably with fat saturation. A STIR sequence or T2-weighted fat saturation sequence was useful in screening for joint disease. Conclusion: The sensitivity of MR is superior to conventional radiography with respect to detection of bone erosions in wrist and MCP joints. The interobserver agreement for MR and radiography was similar. Thus, MR of wrist and finger joints may become a useful supplement to conventional radiography in the evaluation of RA patients in clinical trials and clinical practice.
Comparative Evaluation of Plain Films, Ultrasound and CT in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Suri S. , Gupta S. , Sudhakar P. J. , Venkataramu N. K. , Sood B. , Wig J. D. 
Published: October 2009

Background: There are limited studies in the literature comparing plain radiography, US and CT in the evaluation of intestinal obstruction. We carried out this prospective study to compare the relative efficacies of these three imaging techniques in patients with intestinal obstruction. Material and Methods: Thirty-two patients presenting with clinical suspicion of intestinal obstruction were subjected to plain radiography, US and CT and the findings were compared with reference to the presence or absence of obstruction, the level of obstruction and the cause of obstruction. The final diagnosis was obtained by surgery (n=25), or by contrast studies and/or clinical follow-up in those who were treated conservatively (n=7). Results: Out of 32 patients, 30 had mechanical intestinal obstruction (22 had small bowel obstruction and 8 had large bowel obstruction). Of the remaining 2 patients, 1 had adynamic ileus and the other had a mesenteric cyst. CT had high sensitivity (93%), specificity (100%) and accuracy (94%) in diagnosing the presence of obstruction. The comparable sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 83%, 100% and 84% for US and 77%, 50% and 75% for plain radiography. The level of obstruction was correctly predicted in 93% on CT, in 70% on US and in 60% on plain films. CT was superior (87%) to both US (23%) and plain radiography (7%) in determining the aetiology of obstruction. Conclusion: CT is a highly accurate method in the evaluation of intestinal obstruction especially for determining the level and cause of obstruction and should be the technique of choice when clinical or plain radiographic findings are equivocal.
Ferric Ammonium Citrate as a Positive Bowel Contrast Agent for MR Imaging of the Upper Abdomen
Authors: Kivelitz D. , Gehl H.-B. , Heuck A. , Krahe T. , Taupitz M. , Lodemann K.-P. , Hamm B. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and diagnostic efficacy of two different doses of ferric ammonium citrate as a paramagnetic oral contrast agent for MR imaging of the upper abdomen. Material and Methods: Ninety-nine adult patients referred for MR imaging for a known or suspected upper abdominal pathology were included in this randomized multicenter double-blind clinical trial. Imaging was performed with spin-echo (T1- and T2-weighted) and gradient-echo (T1-weighted) techniques before and after administration of either 1200 mg or 2400 mg of ferric ammonium citrate dissolved in 600 ml of water. Safety analysis included monitoring of vital signs, assessment of adverse events, and laboratory testing. Efficacy with regard to organ distension, contrast distribution, bowel enhancement and delineation of adjacent structures was graded qualitatively. Results: No serious adverse events were reported for either of the two concentrations. A total of 31 minor side effects were noted, of which significantly more occurred in the higher dose group ( p<0.01). The diagnostic confidence in defining or excluding disease was graded as better after contrast administration for 48% of all images. Marked or moderate enhancement of the upper gastrointestinal tract was achieved at both doses in 69.5% of cases with no evident difference between the two doses. The higher dose tended to show better results in terms of the contrast assessment parameters. Conclusion: Ferric ammonium citrate is a safe and effective oral contrast agent for MR imaging of the upper abdomen at two different dose levels. The higher dose showed a tendency toward better imaging results while the lower dose caused significantly fewer side effects. Therefore the 1200 mg dose can be recommended in view of the risk-to-benefit ratio.
Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Gall Bladder Malignancies
Authors: Venkataramu N. K. , Sood B. P. , Gupta S. , Gulati M. , Khandelwal N. , Suri S. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To establish the safety and efficacy of US-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in gall bladder malignancies. Material and Methods: 142 patients suspected to have gall bladder malignancies underwent FNAB under real-time US guidance. The most common sonographic appearances were a mass filling or replacing the gall bladder (n= 98), focal or diffuse wall thickening (n=25) and intraluminal polypoidal mass (n=19). FNAB was performed with a 0.7-mm spinal needle using a free-hand technique. Results: On initial FNAB, 115 patients were diagnosed to have malignancy. In the remaining 27 patients, aspirates on first FNAB showed either inflammatory pathology (n=14) or the sample was suspicious of malignancy (n=7), or the aspirates were non-representative (n=6). Of these 27 patients, 13 underwent repeat FNAB because of the high suspicion of malignancy and 12 of them showed malignancy. The FNAB diagnosis of inflammatory disease of 7 patients was confirmed on subsequent surgery and 8 patients were lost to follow-up. Thus, a total of 127/142 were diagnosed to have gall bladder malignancy. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy (89.76%). No procedure-related complications were encountered. Conclusion: US-guided FNAB is a safe and accurate technique to diagnose gall bladder malignancy. Either a repeat FNAB or surgical biopsy is recommended when the suspicion of malignancy is high and the initial FNAB is negative.
CT of Liver Cysts in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gupta S. , Seith A. , Dhiman R. K. , Chawla Y. K. , Sud K. , Kohli H. S. , Sakhuja V. , Suri S. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to illustrate the CT appearances of liver cysts in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Material and Methods: Contrast-enhanced CT images of 24 patients with ADPKD were retrospectively evaluated for the presence, number, size and distribution of liver cysts. An attempt was made to categorize these cysts into peribiliary cysts (located adjacent to larger portal triads or in the hepatic hilum) and intrahepatic cysts (within the liver parenchyma but not in contact with larger portal triads). When it was not possible to definitely categorize the cysts into either type, the cysts were labeled as indeterminate. Results: Liver cysts were seen in 13 (54%) patients. Intrahepatic cysts were seen in 12 patients, and were mainly peripheral in location with sizes ranging from less than 10 mm to 8 cm. Peribiliary cysts were seen in all 13 patients and were usually less than 10 mm in size. These cysts were seen as discrete cysts (8 patients), a string of cysts (10 patients), or as a tubular structure paralleling the portal vessels, mimicking biliary dilatation (11 patients). Twelve patients also showed indeterminate cysts which defied definite categorization into either type; two common causes of confusion included large (more than 10 mm) discrete cysts in the hilar region and the presence of a vessel adjacent to peripheral cysts. Conclusion: Liver cysts in patients with ADPKD show a wide variety of appearances on CT. Familiarity with these findings is essential to avoid confusion with other abnormalities.
HRCT in Miliary Lung Disease
Authors: Voloudaki A. E. , Tritou I. N. , Magkanas E. G. , Chalkiadakis G. E. , Siafakas N. M. , Gourtsoyiannis N. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose: To analyze high resolution CT (HRCT) features of a miliary pattern in different diseases. Material and Methods: Eight HRCT studies with a miliary lung pattern were retrospectively reviewed with the diagnoses tuberculosis (n=3), Candida albicans (n=1), sarcoidosis (n=3), and metastatic adenocarcinoma (n=1). Results: In all cases, HRCT showed diffusely disseminated nodules up to 3 mm. In 2 cases of tuberculosis and 1 of sarcoidosis, the lesions predominated in the upper/middle lung zones. In the case of metastatic adenocarcinoma the nodules were more sparse in the lung periphery while in 1 case of sarcoidosis, HRCT revealed a predominance of the lesions in the outer third of the lungs. Cyst-like lesions of 1–2 mm were observed in 2/3 cases of tuberculosis and in metastatic adenocarcinoma. Notably thickened interlobular septa and interlobar fissures were each seen in 2/3 cases of sarcoidosis. In general, a random relationship of miliary nodules to secondary lobular structures and bronchovascular bundles was observed, despite the co-existence of centrilobular, subpleural and paraseptal nodules. Conclusion: HRCT features that potentially contribute in making a differential diagnosis are: a) A peripheral distribution of nodules, an increased number of thickened interlobular septae, and a notable thickening of interlobar fissures, all of which are indicative of sarcoidosis; and b) Multiple cyst-like lesions which should direct attention to tuberculous or metastatic origin. The predominance of miliary nodules in relation to cephalocaudal axis, their margin and size are not helpful features to the differential diagnosis of diseases presenting a miliary pattern.
Renal Masses — Evaluation by Amplitude Coded Colour Doppler Sonography and Multiphasic Contrast — Enhanced CT
Authors: Riccabona Michael , Szolar D. , Preidler K. , Uggowitzer M. , Kugler C. , Dörfler O. , Schreyer H. H. 
Published: October 2009

Objective: To assess the efficacy of amplitude coded colour Doppler US (aCDS) in the evaluation of renal masses as shown by multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT. Material and Methods: Eighty patients (155 kidneys) with suspicion of renal masses underwent aCDS and spiral CT. The findings were classified into normal kidneys, kidneys with tumours, kidneys with cysts, and those with “other findings” (i.e. bleeding, calcifications, inflammation, parenchymal hypertrophy). The aCDS findings were compared to CT results and to histological findings or clinical, laboratory and follow-up data. Results: Eighteen renal cell carcinomas and 8 other tumours were found; 78 kidneys had cysts, 12 polycystic kidneys and 10 fibrotic kidneys were detected, 20 kidneys showed other findings. Diagnostic aCDS data were obtained in 129 kidneys (83.2%) showing pathology with an accuracy of 94%. CT adequately showed pathology in all patients with some diagnostic uncertainty in the evaluation of complicated cysts. Conclusion: Though contrast-enhanced multiphasic spiral CT is the method of choice for evaluating renal masses, US including aCDS can provide valuable information, particularly in differentiating vascularized from non-vascularized lesions and in the evaluation of complicated renal cysts.
Treat and trick: A new way to increase false memory
Authors: Zhu Bi , Chen Chuansheng , F. Loftus Elizabeth , Lin Chongde , Dong Qi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper reports a new experimental manipulation that increased false memories 1 month after the manipulation. Mirroring the standard three‐stage misinformation paradigm (original event, misinformation, and test), subjects in the experimental group were first given a colour‐slide presentation of two stories (events), then given an accurate account (instead of misinformation) of the events in narrations, and finally tested for their memory of the original events. One month later, they underwent the standard misinformation paradigm with two new events. The comparison group was given the standard misinformation tasks at both time points. Results showed that the experimental group produced more false memories in the subsequent misinformation paradigm than did the comparison group. We focus on trust and credibility as possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The accrual anomaly financial problem in the food supply chain
Authors: Trejo‐Pech Carlos J. , Weldon Richard N. , House Lisa A. , Gunderson Michael A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study introduces the accrual anomaly problem in the agribusiness literature. The authors document the accrual anomaly, introduced by Sloan (1996) for the complete U.S. market, in the food supply chain. A mimicked risk‐free trading strategy shorting high accrual agribusinesses and longing low accrual agribusinesses yield statistically significant annual abnormal returns of 5.9% during 1970–2004. Results for the food supply chain are different from results by Sloan and others. In particular, results for high accrual agribusiness are similar to results by Sloan for the complete U.S. market, but low accrual agribusinesses perform differently. The authors believe that this contrasting result is not industry specific, but rather a result supporting the idea that the fixation hypothesis by Sloan fails to explain the accrual anomaly problem. This is important because the fixation hypothesis is prevalent in the literature; a well‐articulated hypothesis on the accrual anomaly has not yet been offered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.