bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoamine Oxidase A Promoter Gene Associated With Problem Behavior in Adults With Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
Authors: May Michael E. , Srour Ali , Hedges Lora K. , Lightfoot David A. , Phillips John A. , Blakely Randy D. , Kennedy Craig H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A functional polymorphism in the promoter of the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A has been associated with problem behavior in various populations. We examined the association of MAOA alleles in adult males with intellectual/developmental disabilities with and without established histories of problem behavior. These data were compared with a gender, ethnicity, and age-matched contrast sample. About 43% (15/35) of adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and problem behavior possessed the low-efficiency version of the MAOA gene. In comparison, 20% (7/35) of adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities and no problem behavior and 20% (7/35) of the contrast group had the short-allele MAOA polymorphism. Therefore, a common variant in the MAOA gene may be associated with problem behavior in adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities.
Comparison of mechanical properties of thermally modified wood at growth ring and cell wall level by means of instrumented indentation tests
Authors: Stanzl-Tschegg Stefanie , Beikircher Wilfried , Loidl Dieter 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Thermal modification is a well established method to improve the dimensional stability and the durability for outdoor use of wood. Unfortunately, these improvements are usually accompanied with a deterioration of mechanical performance (e.g., reduced strength or higher brittleness). In contrast, our investigations of the hardness properties in the longitudinal direction of beech wood revealed a significant improvement with thermal modification. Furthermore, we applied instrumented indentation tests on different hierarchical levels of wood structure (growth ring and cell wall level) to gain closer insights on the mechanisms of thermal treatment of wood on mechanical properties. This approach provides a variety of mechanical data (e.g., elastic parameters, hardness parameters, and viscoelastic properties) from one single experiment. Investigations on the influence of thermal treatment on the mechanical properties of beech revealed similar trends on the growth ring as well as the on the cell wall level of the wood structure.
Nicotine affects the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets
Authors: Andresen Jannicke Hanne , Løberg Else Marit , Wright Marianne , Goverud Ingeborg Løstegaard , Stray-Pedersen Babill , Saugstad Ola Didrik 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly expressed in the developing brain. It has anti-apoptotic abilities, and protects the neonatal brain. In experimental settings in adult animals, pre-treatment with nicotine has shown increased BDNF levels, indicating a possible contribution to nicotine's anti-apoptotic effect. Apoptosis contributes to the development of brain damage in perinatal asphyxia. We examined the effects of nicotine on apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), caspase-3 and BDNF in the hippocampus of a neonatal piglet model of global hypoxia. Forty-one anesthetized newborn piglets were randomized to one of four groups receiving different infusions after hypoxia (1) nicotine 130 μg/kg/h, 2) 260 μg/kg/h, 3) adrenaline, and 4) saline, all 2.6 mL/kg/h. Four hours after hypoxia they were euthanized. The left hemisphere/hippocampus was examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry; the right hippocampus was analyzed using real time PCR. There was a significantly higher expression of BDNF mRNA and protein in the animals treated with nicotine 130 μg/kg/h vs. the saline treated group (mRNA P=0.038; protein P=0.009). There were no differences regarding AIF or caspase-3. We conclude that nicotine (130 μg/kg/h), infused over 1 h after global hypoxia in neonatal piglets, increases levels of both BDNF mRNA and protein in the hippocampus. This might imply neuroprotective effects of nicotine in asphyxiated neonates.
Increased inositol phosphoglycan P-type in the second trimester in pregnant women with type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Scioscia Marco , Gumaa Khalid , Selvaggi Luigi E. , Rodeck Charles H. , Rademacher Thomas W. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A progressive insulin resistant state develops throughout human pregnancy. Inositol phosphoglycan P-type (P-IPG), a second messenger of insulin, was reported to negatively correlate with the degree of insulin resistance in non-pregnant diabetic subjects. Urinary levels of P-IPG were assessed in insulin resistant states during pregnancy such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n=44) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM, n=25) and in 69 normal pregnant women. Urinary levels of P-IPG were higher in GDM than controls with a positive trend of release throughout normal pregnancy (P<0.01). P-IPG excretion was higher in diabetic (GDM and type 2 DM) than in healthy women in the second trimester (P<0.05). A higher P-IPG urinary excretion occurs during the second trimester in pregnant women with clinically evident insulin resistance with a positive association with poor glycemic control.
Outpatient induction – how safe
Authors: Rath Werner H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
There is a world-wide interest in outpatient care. Induction of labor is commonly offered to women with prolonged pregnancy, and evidence from randomized controlled studies suggest that inpatient and outpatient induction achieve comparative maternal and fetal outcomes. However, safety data are very limited. Careful selections of appropriate patients as well as standardized monitoring protocols are essential before outpatient induction can be initiated. Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate deceleration and other maternal or fetal adverse events are rare but unpredictable. Unrecognized fetal hypoxia due to uterine contractions remains an unsolved problem after discharge from the hospital. The ideal method for outpatient cervical ripening is controversial. The local application of nitric oxide donors prior to induction might be a promising approach. Larger studies are necessary before widespread use of outpatient cervical ripening by prostaglandins or other cervical ripening agents can be advocated.
Umbilical cord insertion site in early gestation and development of placenta
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Matsuoka Ryu , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sekizawa Akihiko , Okai Takashi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Aim: To study the relation of umbilical cord insertion (CI) site in early gestation and placental development from the chorion villosum.

Methods: We ultrasonically measured the distance between the internal cervical Os and the CI site (CID), the distance between the internal cervical Os and lower placenta edge (PLD), and placental thickness at early (10–12 weeks) and mid-gestation (18–20 weeks).

Results: CID in early gestation (CID-Early) correlated with CID in mid-gestation (r2=0.171; P<0.01). CID-Early correlated with PLD in mid-gestation (r2=0.093; P<0.01). Thickness of chorion villosum or placenta in early gestation did not correlate with that at mid-gestation. Increasing thickness of placenta was significantly higher in long CID-Early (≥20 mm) cases than short cases (<20 mm) (P<0.05).

Conclusions: The process of placental development and the placental location are affected by CI location at early gestation, and suggests that this process might be affected by poor blood supply from the low uterine segment when CI site is close to the internal cervical Os.
Fetal short time variation during labor: a non-invasive alternative to fetal scalp pH measurements?
Authors: Schiermeier Sven , Reinhard Joscha , Hatzmann Hendrike , Zimmermann Ralf C. , Westhof Gregor 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether short time variation (STV) of fetal heart beat correlates with scalp pH measurements during labor.

Patients and methods: From 1279 deliveries, 197 women had at least one fetal scalp pH measurement. Using the CTG-Player®, STVs were calculated from the electronically saved cardiotocography (CTG) traces and related to the fetal scalp pH measurements.

Results: There was no correlation between STV and fetal scalp pH measurements (r=−0.0592).

Conclusions: Fetal STV is an important parameter with high sensitivity for antenatal fetal acidosis. This study shows that STV calculations do not correlate with fetal scalp pH measurements during labor, hence are not helpful in identifying fetal acidosis.
Inappropriate use of vancomycin for preventing perinatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease in laboring patients
Authors: Peláez Linda M. , Gelber Shari E. , Fox Nathan S. , Chasen Stephen T. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Objective: The 2002 CDC guidelines for the prevention of perinatal group B streptococcus (GBS) stipulate that vancomycin is reserved for penicillin-allergic women at high risk for beta-lactam anaphylaxis with resistance to clindamycin or erythromycin. Our objective was to evaluate practitioner adherence to these guidelines.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to labor and delivery who received vancomycin for GBS prophylaxis from January 1st, 2005 to June 1st, 2007. Identification and documentation of allergic reactions to beta lactams and performance of GBS sensitivities at the time of screening were recorded.

Results: Eighty-seven patients reporting a penicillin allergy received vancomycin during labor. In 71 patients screened at 35–37 weeks, sensitivities were not performed for 55 patients, of which 10 reported an anaphylactic-like reaction to penicillin. Of 15 patients who had sensitivities performed at the time of screening and were resistant to clindamycin and/or erythromycin, only two patients, however, described an anaphylactic-like reaction to penicillin. Fourteen patients received vancomycin due to an unknown GBS status at <35 weeks of gestation and only three patients from this group reported an anaphylactic-like reaction to penicillin. There were deviations from the CDC protocol in 82 (94%) of 87 patients who received intrapartum vancomycin there were deviations in the CDC protocol.

Conclusion: Most patients receiving intrapartum vancomycin for perinatal GBS prophylaxis either did not have a culture with sensitivities performed at the time of GBS screening due to a history of anaphylactic-like reactions to penicillin or received vancomycin for a mild or unknown allergy. Physician adherence to the CDC guidelines with regards to the use of vancomycin is far from optimal.
Arylsulphatase A activity and sulphatide concentration in placenta, membranes and cord after delivery
Authors: Indraccolo Ugo , Traini Enea , Baldoni Emilia , Indraccolo Salvatore Renato , Vitaioli Lucia 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Aim: We evaluated variations in behavior of arylsulphatase A activity (an enzyme that catabolizes sulphatides) and of sulphatide concentration in the placenta, cord and membranes of healthy gravidas at term pregnancy, following spontaneous birth.

Methods: We extracted and biochemically determined arylsulphatase A and sulphatide concentration in placenta, cord and membranes (far from and close to internal uterine os) in 14 patients.

Results: Activity of arylsulphatase A decreased in the cord, in membranes far from the internal uterine os, in membranes close to the internal uterine os and in the placenta. Sulphatide concentration was minimal in the cord and maximal in placenta, with intermediate values in the membranes. No correlation was found between arylsulphatase A activity and sulphatide concentration, nor among arylsulphatase A activities, nor among sulphatide concentrations among the different tissues. It seems that multiparity may increase and the duration of active labor may decrease arylsulphatase A activity in membranes far from the internal uterine os, while active labor duration does not appear to have any implication on sulphatide concentration in membranes close to the internal uterine os.

Conclusions: Arylsulphatase A activities and sulphatide concentrations in fetal adnexa show significant differences.
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of meconium peritonitis
Authors: Saleh Nadia , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich , Heep Axel , Heydweiller Andreas , Bartmann Peter , Franz Axel R. , Müller Andreas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground:Meconium peritonitis (MP) is a rare prenatal condition that leads to substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality.Patients and methods:All patients between 1998 and 2006 referred for prenatal diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed for diagnosis of MP. Prenatal ultrasound findings were compared with postnatal etiology, intraoperative findings, and postnatal outcome of the patients.Results:Antenatal MP was diagnosed in 14 fetuses between 18 and 38 weeks' gestation. The prenatal diagnosis of MP was confirmed by clinical and radiological findings in 8 (62%) of 13 infants born alive. All patients were delivered preterm between 33 and 36 weeks' gestation by cesarean section. Urgent neonatal surgery for treatment of bowel obstruction was required in all eight infants. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of bowel dilatation was the only variable found to be associated with the need for subsequent surgical intervention (P=0.02).Conclusions:Clinical outcome of MP diagnosed antenatally can be either mild or severe form. The underlying cause of severe MP is heterogeneous and neonatal surgery was always required.
Trasibulo y el fracaso de la reconstrucción imperial ateniense en la guerra de Corinto
Authors: Fornis César 
Published: June 2009

Resumen
En los últimos años de la guerra de Corinto (395386 a. C.) los atenienses emprendieron, bajo el patrocinio político de Trasibulo de Estiria, la reconstrucción de la arche del siglo V. En el presente trabajo analizamos la naturaleza, el alcance y las consecuencias, internas y externas, de este intento de renacimiento imperial que murió con la paz del Rey.
Verwehrte Ehre: Zur Wertigkeit des triumphus in monte Albano
Authors: Rosenberger Veit 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Insgesamt läßt sich ein deutlicher qualitativer Unterschied zwischen dem regulären Triumph in Rom und dem triumphus in monte Albano aufzeigen. Nach der Ablehnung eines Triumphes in Rom war der Triumph auf dem Albaner Berg stets nur die zweite Wahl. Die Orte in Rom, an denen die Route des Triumphzuges vorbeiführte, waren ungleich stärker mit Bedeutung aufgeladen als der Albaner Berg, auch der Kreis der Adressaten war in Rom deutlich größer als in dem eine Tagesreise entfernten Heiligtum, so daß der Triumph in Rom wesentlich höheres Prestige einbrachte.
Politische Öffentlichkeit statt Mitbestimmung? Zur Bedeutung der contiones in der mittleren und späten römischen Republik
Authors: Tiersch Claudia 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Untersuchung befaßt sich mit dem Volksversammlungstyp der contiones als entscheidender kommunikativer Schnittstelle zwischen Volk und Senat in der Zeit der römischen Republik. Durch eine Analyse kommunikativer und performativer Mechanismen, aber auch der hier thematisierten Gegenstandsbereiche wird gezeigt, warum es nobilitären Rednern innerhalb der mittleren Republik meist gelang, die Akzeptanz der Bürgerschaft für die von ihnen formulierten politischen Ziele zu gewinnen. Hierbei gelang die Integration der Bürger trotz einer zutiefst hierarchischen Kommunikationsstruktur, denn die aristokratischen Redner vermochten ihre herausgehobenen Geltungsansprüche durch die Verheißung patronalen Leistungsaustauschs an geltende Sozialbeziehungen anzuknüpfen und dadurch für die Zuhörer mit sozialem Sinn zu erfüllen. Allerdings verdeutlichte die wachsende Gewalt innerhalb der contiones der späten Republik die institutionellen Grenzen dieses Versammlungstyps. Dieser war nicht mehr in der Lage, die massiven Interessengegensätze jener Jahrzehnte kommunikativ zu bewältigen. Insofern wird die Krise der späten römischen Republik auch als Störung der Kommunikationsbeziehungen zwischen Ober- und Unterschichten faßbar.
Iscrizioni nord-umbre del bellum sociale nella Valle di Ospitale: prime indicazioni
Authors: Zavaroni Adolfo , Sani Giancarlo 
Published: June 2009

Riassunto
Nella Valle di Ospitale (Alto Appennino Modenese) sono recentemente tornate alla luce, nei siti di La Sega e La Tana, numerose iscrizioni rupestri scritte durante il bellum sociale (90–89 a. C.) da militi ribellatisi a Roma. Essi si definiscono Umbri, ma il loro dialetto contiene varie particolarità che inducono a distinguerlo dall′umbro delle Tavole Iguvine. L′alfabeto contiene alcune lettere speciali, ma si caratterizza soprattutto per il frequente uso di legature. La maggior parte delle iscrizioni è costituita da esortazioni a rivoltarsi contro Roma ed a formare una Lega Umbra. Alcune scritte hanno un contenuto erotico; altre sono illuminanti per ricostruire il pantheon di questi rivoltosi. Qui si presenta una selezione delle iscrizioni più facilmente leggibili.
Zwischen Emotion und Normerfüllung – Verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen in den Schriften spätantiker gallischer Autoren
Authors: Zittel Diemut 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Ausonius, der Rhetor und Prinzenerzieher, setzte im 4. Jh. seinen Verwandten in den Parentalia ein Denkmal. Insbesondere gilt dies für seinen avunculus Arborius, zu dem er eine enge affektive Beziehung hatte. Im Unterschied zur Zeit der römischen Republik erfüllt diese Beziehung jedoch keine konkrete und normative Rollenerwartung – der avunculus in seiner Funktion als Beschützer seiner Nichten und Neffen und als Gegengewicht zum pater und seiner patria potestas. Denn Ausonius kann seine Beziehung zu Arborius nur durch Vergleiche mit Vater und Mutter beschreiben. Auch für andere Verwandte sind bei Ausonius keine klar erwartbaren Verhaltensmuster nachzuweisen. Diesen Mangel versucht Ausonius durch eine Betonung der affektiven Bindungen auszugleichen. Der Versuch, den Kreis auch der entfernteren Verwandten auf diese Weise enger zu schließen, kann auch als Anstrengung gewertet werden, der Fragilität der Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen, die durch das Verblassen konkreter Rollenerwartungen entsteht, etwas entgegen zu setzen. In dieser ‚Emotionalisierung‘ der verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen spiegeln sich auch die politischen Veränderungen des Prinzipats wider. Wenn den verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen politische Funktionen verloren gehen (wie den adligen patres als Erzwingungstab der Republik), so schwinden auch die damit verknüpften Verhaltensmodelle. Es entsteht Raum für verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen, für die Affektivität nicht mehr kontingent, sondern konstitutiv wird.
Die gallische Aristokratie versuchte auch nach dem Zusammenbruch des römischen Imperiums in Gallien im 5. Jh. ‚ihre Welt‘ zu retten, indem sie zum Beispiel die klassischen Bildungsgüter pflegte, auch wenn sie längst christlich geworden war. Ganz besonders aber auch indem sie verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen intensiv pflegte. Sidonius′ Briefe an seine patrui bezeugen, daß er sehr enge Beziehungen zu diesen unterhielt, daß diese sich jedoch im wesentlichen im Rahmen des antiken amicitia-Konzeptes beschreiben lassen. Den patrui wird augenscheinlich kein spezifisches Verhalten geschuldet. So stellen Familie und Verwandtschaft auch in der Spätantike einen außerordentlich wichtigen Bezugsrahmen dar, ohne daß sich jedoch neue allgemeinverbindliche und konkrete Verhaltensmodelle für einzelne Verwandte entwickelt hätten.
Effect of Postmanufacturing Processing and Shipping of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Analog on Induced Ovulation for Production of Channel Catfish Female × Blue Catfish Male Hybrid Fry
Authors: Kristanto Anang H , Umali Gloria , Beam Renee , Dunham Rex A 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The potential effects of postmanufacturing processing and shipping of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRH-a) on induced ovulation for the production of hybrids of female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus × male blue catfish I. furcatus were evaluated. There were no differences in efficacy regarding postmanufacturing bottling. Hand-weighed LHRH-a gave results similar to those of LHRH-a reconstituted in water, aliquoted, and relyophilized. Shipping without dry ice reduced the number of fry per kilogram of female body weight by 51–87% . Theoretically, dry ice is not necessary when shipping powdered LHRH-a, but these results indicate that to ensure efficacy (as indicated by total fry production) shipping LHRH-a on dry ice would be a best management practice. Hybrid embryos were successfully produced, and LHRH-a injections are a viable alternative to carp pituitary extract injections for producing hybrid catfish embryos.
Survival and Passage of Ingested New Zealand Mudsnails through the Intestinal Tract of Rainbow Trout
Authors: Bruce R Louise , Moffitt Christine M , Dennis Brian 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We conducted laboratory trials to determine the transit time and survival of New Zealand mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum in the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. To assess the rate of snail passage, we force-fed groups of fish a known quantity of snails and then held them in tanks. At selected intervals we removed individual fish from the test tanks and recorded the number of snails, their condition (live or dead), and their location in the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, anterior intestine, and posterior intestine). Feces were removed from tanks and examined for live snails. We repeated evaluations of passage rate and snail survival to determine the effects of varying the number of snails ingested, fish size, snail size, and feeding a commercial diet to fish after snail ingestion. We plotted and modeled gut evacuation using a stochastic model for ordinal data to consider each test variable. Snail passage rates were faster in fish that were fed smaller snails. Surprisingly, fish fed snails and then administered rations of commercial fish feed retained the snails longer in their stomach than did fish that were not administered fish feeds after being fed snails. Increased retention time of snails in the stomach decreased the probability of snail survival when voided in fecal material. Snails that passed through the gastrointestinal tract within 12–24 h of ingestion were often recovered live in fecal samples. However, no live snails were recovered from the posterior intestine or fecal material collected 24 h after ingestion. Using our results we propose potential management options that could reduce the risks of introducing live snails into new locations when stocking fish from infested hatcheries.