bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism for explosive seed dispersal in Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Vaughn Kevin C. , Bowling Andrew J. , Ruel Katia J. 
Published: July 2011

• Premise: Although many highly successful weed species use a ballistic seed dispersal mechanism, little is known about the mechanics of this process. Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) siliques are morphologically similar to Arabidopsis siliques, but they can project their seeds up to 5 m, while Arabidopsis seeds are dispersed by gravity. Comparison of these species should enable us to determine which structures might be responsible for ballistic seed dispersal.• Methods: Sections of Arabidopsis and bittercress siliques were immunolabeled with antibodies raised against a variety of polysaccharide epitopes.• Results: In bittercress, the second endocarp layer (enB) of the valve had strongly asymmetrical cell wall thickenings, whereas the analogous cells in Arabidopsis were reinforced symmetrically and to a lesser extent. Additionally, an accumulation of mucilaginous pectins was found between the first and second endocarp (enA and enB) layers in the bittercress valve that was not present in Arabidopsis. However, in both species, highly de‐esterified homogalacturonan was lost in the dehiscence zone (at the carpel/replum interface) as the siliques matured, thus allowing for separation of the valve at maturity.• Conclusions: Ballistic seed dispersal in bittercress may involve the contraction of the outer pericarp tissue against the highly asymmetrically thickened enB cells, which are hypothesized to bend in one direction preferentially. The stress generated by the differential drying of the inner and outer layers of the valve is released suddenly as the adhesion between the cells of the dehiscence zone is lost, leading to a rapid coiling of the valve and dispersal of the seeds.
Soil fungal effects on floral signals, rewards, and aboveground interactions in an alpine pollination web
Authors: Becklin Katie M. , Gamez Guadalupe , Uelk Bryan , Raguso Robert A. , Galen Candace 
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: Plants interact with above‐ and belowground organisms; the combined effects of these interactions determine plant fitness and trait evolution. To better understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of multispecies interactions, we explored linkages between soil fungi, pollinators, and floral larcenists in Polemonium viscosum (Polemoniaceae).• Methods: Using a fungicide, we experimentally reduced fungal colonization of krummholz and tundra P. viscosum in 2008–2009. We monitored floral signals and rewards, interactions with pollinators and larcenists, and seed set for fungicide‐treated and control plants.• Key results: Fungicide effects varied among traits, between interactions, and with environmental context. Treatment effects were negligible in 2008, but stronger in 2009, especially in the less‐fertile krummholz habitat. There, fungicide increased nectar sugar content and damage by larcenist ants, but did not affect pollination. Surprisingly, fungicide also enhanced seed set, suggesting that direct resource costs of soil fungi exceed indirect benefits from reduced larceny. In the tundra, fungicide effects were negligible in both years. However, pooled across treatments, colonization by mycorrhizal fungi in 2009 correlated negatively with the intensity and diversity of floral volatile organic compounds, suggesting integrated above‐ and belowground signaling pathways.• Conclusions: Fungicide effects on floral rewards in P. viscosum link soil fungi to ecological costs of pollinator attraction. Trait‐specific linkages to soil fungi should decouple expression of sensitive and buffered floral phenotypes in P. viscosum. Overall, this study demonstrates how multitrophic linkages may lead to shifting selection pressures on interaction traits, restricting the evolution of specialization.
Development of 12 genic microsatellite loci for a biofuel grass, Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae)
Authors: Ho Chuan‐Wen , Wu Tai‐Han , Hsu Tsai‐Wen , Huang Jao‐Ching , Huang Chi‐Chun , Chiang Tzen‐Yuh 
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: Miscanthus, a nonfood plant with high potential as a biofuel, has been used in Europe and the United States. The selection of a cultivar with high biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, and stress resistance from wild populations has become an important issue. New genic microsatellite markers will aid the assessment of genetic diversity for different strains.• Methods and Results: Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers derived from the transcriptome of Miscanthus sinensis fo. glaber were identified and screened on 80 individuals of M. sinensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 12, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.75. Cross‐taxa transferability revealed that all loci can be applied to all varieties of M. sinensis, as well as the closely related species M. floridulus.• Conclusions: These new genic microsatellite markers are useful for characterizing different traits in breeding programs or to select genes useful for biofuel.
Isolation and characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in Pinus massoniana (Pinaceae)
Authors: Guan Lanhua , Suharyanto  , Shiraishi Susumu 
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: Tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were developed for the first time in Pinus massoniana Lamb. to facilitate studies of population and conservation biology in this species.• Methods and Results: Ten tetranucleotide microsatellite primer pairs were developed using dual suppression PCR. Seven, six, and eight of the primer pairs exhibited cross‐species transferability to P. thunbergii, P. densiflora, and P. luchuensis, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 1 to 31 per locus across four pine species.• Conclusions: Considering its advantage over dinucleotide microsatellites in generating fewer artifacts arising from stutter bands, this tetranucleotide microsatellite panel will facilitate future population and conservation biological studies in P. massoniana. Six to eight markers can also be used in studies of three congeneric species.
High-Frequency Ultrasound Measurements of the Normal Ciliary Body and Iris
Authors: Garcia Julian P. S. , Spielberg Leigh , Finger Paul T. 
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine the normal ultrasonographic thickness of the iris and ciliary body.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This prospective 35-MHz ultrasonographic study included 80 normal eyes of 40 healthy volunteers. The images were obtained at the 12-, 3-, 6-, and 9-o’clock radial meridians, measured at three locations along the radial length of the iris and at the thickest section of the ciliary body. Mixed model was used to estimate eye site-adjusted means and standard errors and to test the statistical difference of adjusted results. Parameters included mean thickness, standard deviation, and range.

RESULTS:
Mean thicknesses at the iris root, midway along the radial length of the iris, and at the juxtapupillary margin were 0.4 ± 0.1, 0.5 ± 0.1, and 0.6 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Those of the ciliary body, ciliary processes, and ciliary body + ciliary processes were 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.6 ± 0.1, and 1.3 ± 0.2 mm, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This study provides standard, normative thickness data for the iris and ciliary body in healthy adults using ultrasonographic imaging.
Larval phenologies and parasitoids of two seed-feeding weevils associated with hoary cress and shepherd's purse (Brassicaceae) in Europe
Authors: Muller Franck J. , Dosdall Lloyd M. , Mason Peter G. , Kuhlmann Ulrich 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn Europe, Ceutorhynchus turbatus Schultze and Ceutorhynchus typhae (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) feed on seeds from hoary cress and shepherd's purse (Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.); both plants are invasive in North America. In North America, C. turbatus is a candidate for biological control of hoary cress, C. typhae is adventive, and both are sympatric with cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)), an invasive alien pest of canola (Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L., Brassicaceae). We investigated host associations among C. turbatus, C. typhae, and their parasitoids in Europe. Of particular interest was host specificity of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker) and Mesopolobus morys (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), candidates for biological control of C. obstrictus in North America. We found no evidence that T. perfectus attacks C. turbatus or C. typhae; however, M. morys was the most common parasitoid associated with C. turbatus.
A SOCS-1 Promoter Variant Is Associated with Total Serum IgE Levels
Authors: Mostecki Justin , Cassel Suzanne L. , Klimecki Walter T. , Stern Debra A. , Knisz Judit , Iwashita Sachiyo , Graves Penelope , Miller Rachel L. , van Peer Maartje , Halonen Marilyn , Martinez Fernando D. , Vercelli Donata , Rothman Paul B. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
SOCS-1 is a critical regulator of multiple signaling pathways, including those activated by cytokines that regulate Ig H chain class switching to IgE. Analysis of mice with mutations in the SOCS-1 gene demonstrated that IgE levels increase with loss of SOCS-1 alleles. This suggested that overall SOCS-1 acts as an inhibitor of IgE expression in vivo. A genetic association study was performed in 474 children enrolled in the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study to determine if genetic variation in the SOCS-1 locus correlates with altered levels of IgE. Carriers of the C-allele for a novel, 3′ genomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SOCS-1 gene (SOCS1+1125G &gt; C; rs33932899) were found to have significantly lower levels of serum IgE compared with those of homozygotes for the G-allele. Analysis demonstrated that the SOCS1+1125G &gt; C SNP was in complete linkage disequilibrium with an SNP at position SOCS1−820G &gt; T (rs33977706) of the SOCS-1 promoter. Carriers of the T-allele at the SOCS1−820G &gt; T were also found to be associated with the decreased IgE. The promoter SNP increased transcriptional activity of the SOCS-1 promoter in reporter assays and human B cells. Consistent with this observation, the presence of this polymorphism within the promoter abolished binding of yin yang-1, which is identified as a negative regulator of SOCS-1 transcriptional activity. These data suggest that genetic variation in the SOCS-1 promoter may affect IgE production.
IL-22–Induced Regulatory CD11b+ APCs Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis
Authors: Ke Yan , Sun Deming , Jiang Guomin , Kaplan Henry J. , Shao Hui 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We have previously reported that IL-17+ interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) 161–180-specific T cells have a strong pathogenic effect in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) induced in B10RIII mice; however, this pathogenic activity is not solely attributable to the major cytokine, IL-17, produced by these cells. To determine whether other cytokines produced by Th17 cells show a stronger association with their pathogenic activity, we studied the role of IL-22 in EAU. IL-22 is one of the major cytokines produced by these cells. Our results showed that administration of small doses of IL-22 to EAU-susceptible mice significantly reduced the severity of EAU. In addition, mice treated with IL-22 generated decreased numbers of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ uveitogenic T cells, but increased numbers of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Mechanistic studies showed that the effect of the injected IL-22 was on CD11b+ APCs, which expressed increased levels of IL-22R during induction of disease following immunization with uveitogenic Ag. In vitro IL-22 treatment of CD11b+ APCs collected from Ag-primed mice resulted in increased expression of programmed death ligand-1 and the production of increased amounts of IL-10 and TGF-β. Moreover, IL-22–treated CD11b+ APCs caused IRBP161–180-specific T cells to lose their uveitogenic activity and acquire immunosuppressive activity, which suppressed the induction of EAU by additional pathogenic IRBP161–180-specific effector T cells.
Fish MITA Serves as a Mediator for Distinct Fish IFN Gene Activation Dependent on IRF3 or IRF7
Authors: Sun Fan , Zhang Yi-Bing , Liu Ting-Kai , Shi Jun , Wang Bing , Gui Jian-Fang 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
In mammals, cytosolic sensors retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) activate multiple signaling cascades initiating IFN-α/β expression. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is required for the activation of IFN-β, which, in turn, primes the expression of most IFN-α genes by IFN-induced IRF7 through the STAT1 pathway. In fish, RIG-I overexpression inhibits virus infection by induction of IFN response; however, the subtle signaling cascade mechanism remains to be identified. In this study, we clone an ortholog of MITA, a recently identified adaptor responsible for RLR pathway, from crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.), and demonstrate its ability to suppress viral replication through IRF3/7-dependent IFN response. The pivotal signaling molecules of RLR pathway, including RIG-I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2, and TANK-binding kinase 1, are also cloned and characterized, confirming that the RLR-mediated IFN activation is conserved from fish to mammals. Further characterization of distinct IFN gene activation reveals that zebrafish IFN1 and IFN3 are induced by the MITA pathway but are dependent on distinct transcription factors. Whereas fish IFN genes cannot be classified into IFN-α or IFN-β, zebrafish IFN1 is primarily regulated by IRF3, thereby resembling that of IFN-β, and zebrafish IFN3 is regulated by IRF7, thereby resembling of those of IFN-αs. In contrast with mammalian IFN-α/β, zebrafish IFN1 and IFN3 are induced by the basally expressed IRF3 or IRF7, both of which are upregulated by IFN and virus infection. Collectively, these data suggest that IFN genes in fish and mammals have evolved independently to acquire a similar mechanism triggering their expression.
Clinical report. Atypical acetabular bone loss in chronic septic total hip arthroplasty loosening
Authors: Tantavisut Saran , Tanavalee Aree , Ngarmukos Srihatach , Yuktanandana Pongsak , Wilairatana Vajara , Wangroongsub Yongsak 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Background: When a periprosthetic infection is diagnosed, the surgical treatment is usually performed as soon as possible to avoid further bone damage or life threatening complications. There is no report on the radiographic change in patients with untreated infected total hip arthroplasty (THA) for several years.
Objective: Report radiographic change in patients with untreated infected THA.
Method: Two patients presented with chronic septic loosening of cemented acetabular fixation after total hip replacement at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Both patients had mild hip pain and had been lost for follow-up until the bone destruction became very severe. Serial radiographs after the surgeries were evaluated. The Paprosky’s acetabular bone loss classification was used to classify the radiographic findings.
Results: Based on the Paprosky’s classification for acetabular bone loss, there were two similar atypical radiographic findings found in both patients. These included pelvic discontinuity from extensive medial acetabular bone loss beyond the Kohler’s line, and minimal superior and inferior acetabular bone loss.
Conclusion: These atypical radiographic findings were rarely observed in septic acetabular loosening patients, as infection usually causes patients to present earlier. Following the septic acetabular loosening of THA, surgical procedure should be performed before massive bone damage was demonstrated.
“Change According to the Situation” – Color‐Accommodative Nature‐Skin‐Derived Thermochromic Membrane for Active All‐Season Thermal Management
Authors: Xie Long , Wang Xuechuan , Liang Shuang , Zou Xiaoliang , Sun Siwei , Zhou Yi , Wei Chao , Bai Zhongxue , Yue Ouyang , Liu Xinhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnergy crisis and worsening greenhouse effects cause unprecedented global environmental and economic‐sustainability challenges. The emerging all‐season thermal regulation technology that can provide comfort to humans without consuming external‐energy demonstrates promising prospects. Inspired by the temperature‐accommodative skin of the color‐changing rain‐frog, a biodegradable nature‐skin‐derived thermochromic membrane (PCTM‐H) is nano‐engineered for active all‐season thermal management using the integrative interfacially wet‐casting film‐forming and spraying strategy of nature‐skin to incorporate polyvinyl alcohol and thermochromic microcapsules. Its outstanding thermochromic origins allow it to switch adaptively between cooling and heating modes without additional energy input. PCTM‐H has a light color with high reflectivity in hot summer and a dark‐color that absorbs solar radiation in cold winter, with an overall visible light modulation of ≈53.5%, solar modulation of ≈32.2%, and a remarkable emissivity in mid‐infrared band (≈86.7%). PCTM‐H has exceptional adaptive thermal management capabilities for multitudinous outdoor‐applications. Simulation results show that PCTM‐H has prominent energy‐saving efficiency in cities with different climate zones when utilized as roof‐protection membranes. Additionally, the distinguished mechanical features, weatherability, and bio‐degradability of PCTM‐H substantially increase its potential applications. This study provides a reference for the development of active all‐season thermal management materials and high‐value utilization of nature‐skin, contributing to the goal of carbon‐neutrality.
2D Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides (MPCh3) for Sustainable Energy Storage and Conversion: Nanoarchitectonics and Advanced Applications
Authors: Wang Honglei , Cheng Pengfei , Wu Bing , Yan Yong , Schaaf Peter , Sofer Zdenek , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MPCh3) have attracted considerable attention in sustainable energy storage and conversion due to their distinct physical and chemical characteristics, such as adjustable energy bandgap, significant specific surface area, and abundant active sites. However, research on 2D MPCh3 primarily focuses on electrocatalysis, and understanding its energy conversion and storage mechanisms remains incomplete. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in energy storage and conversion using 2D MPCh3‐based materials of various structures. It begins with a discussion of the distinctive properties and preparation techniques of 2D MPCh3, followed by a focus on the rational design and development of these materials for diverse energy‐related applications, including rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and desalination. Finally, it outlines the key challenges and prospects for future research on 2D MPCh3 materials.
Highly Layer‐Oriented PbI2 Films Enabling All‐Air Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Xiao Hanrui , Ma Qingman , Huang Rui , Pan Yining , Li Linhong , Liao Xiang , Liu Siliang , Zhang Wenchao , Liu Fangyang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe two‐step sequential deposition method exhibits favorable operability for processing perovskite films. Due to the growth of the perovskite films largely depends on the pre‐deposited PbI2 films, the porous and rough PbI2 films are expected to facilitate the penetration of the organic amine salts. However, in air conditions, the porous and rough PbI2 films also facilitate the penetration of the water molecules, thus leading to diminished crystallinity. Despite substantial efforts aimed at inhibiting the decomposition of perovskite films, the performance of air‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains unsatisfactory. Herein, the study presents that the PbI2 films with high exposure of layered planes and vanished of non‐layered planes have more effective to resist water erosion and promote the crystallization process of perovskite films. An amphoteric Lewis acid‐base molecule (cephalothin, a type of antibiotic) is added in PbI2 precursor solution to induce this highly layer‐oriented PbI2 film. Consequently, the perovskite films can be processed under humidity condition and yield the champion PSC with an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 24.45%. In addition, the unencapsulated devices maintain 80% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1000 h storage in air and exhibit high thermal stability after 100 cycles at 25–70 °C.
Preparation of CO2‐based waterborne polyurethane/cellulose nanocrystal composite films and research of their radiative cooling properties
Authors: He Wohua , Huang Xiankai , Wu Fangji , Hong Haoqun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConventional colored radiative cooling (ColPRC) has a single color and limited reflection of visible light bands, which affects its radiative cooling effect, and the introduction of multiple photonic crystal structures can improve its radiative cooling performance. Therefore, in this study, a composite film was established by cross‐linking cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with CO2‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to obtain multistage structural colors. X‐ray diffraction pattern, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, spectral analysis, and so on were used to examine the structure and properties of the films. The results showed that with the increase of CNC content, the color shifted blue, the crystallinity increased, the flame retardancy increased, but the thermal stability decreased; the addition of WPU assists in resisting moisture; the reflectivity of the multistage structured films is improved in the VIS–NIR range compared with the monochromatic films (an average increase of 5%), which helps to reduce solar irradiation in the visible wavelengths; high emissivity (≈90%) in the atmospheric window, which facilitates deep‐space heat exchange. The maximum temperature difference of the multistage structural color film can reach 6°C under strong solar irradiation. This research can be applied in photovoltaic devices or outdoor thermal management to provide new ways to address human energy efficiency.