bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wildlife‐friendly oil palm plantations fail to protect biodiversity effectively
Authors: Edwards David P. , Hodgson Jenny A. , Hamer Keith C. , Mitchell Simon L. , Ahmad Abdul H. , Cornell Stephen J. , Wilcove David S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractExpansion of agriculture is a principal driver of biodiversity losses in the tropics, prompting suggestions that plantations should be made more hospitable to wildlife. Such “wildlife‐friendly” practices contrast with the alternative “land sparing” strategy, which promotes separation of agricultural and conservation areas. Focusing on the wildlife‐friendly strategy of retaining fragments of forest within the agricultural matrix, here we report the abundance and diversity of birds within oil palm plantations, fragments, and contiguous forest. Abundances of imperiled bird species were 60 times lower in fragments and 200 times lower in oil palm than in contiguous forest. Forest fragments also did not increase bird abundances in adjacent oil palm, had lower species richness than contiguous forest, and had an avifaunal composition that was more similar to oil palm than to contiguous forest. Therefore, from a conservation perspective, any investment in the retention of fragments would be better directed toward the protection of contiguous forest.
Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy
Authors: Wei D , Zhang X‐L , Wang Y‐Z , Yang C‐X , Chen G 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  Recent data have demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and oxidative stress in periodontitis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are both increased during oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study examined SOD concentration, total oxidative status (TOS) and MDA levels in periodontal patients and investigated the longitudinal effect of periodontal therapy on the index levels of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.Methods:  Serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from 48 CP patients and 35 healthy control subjects prior to, as well as after 16 weeks following non‐surgical post‐periodontal therapy. MDA, TOS and SOD and clinical parameters were determined pre‐ and post‐therapy.Results:  The levels of TOS and SOD values were significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group (p < 0.05), but only MDA in GCF. Post‐periodontal therapy, serum, saliva and GCF TOS and SOD levels significantly decreased compared to basal levels (p < 0.05), but only MDA in GCF.Conclusions:  LPO was higher in the periodontal region, with TOS and SOD increasing both locally and peripherally. Non‐surgical therapy can restore and control the subject antioxidant capacity by locally and systemically modifying the levels of MDA, TOS and SOD.
Location of main occluding areas and masticatory ability in patients with reduced occlusal support
Authors: Nakatsuka Y , Yamashita S , Nimura H , Mizoue S , Tsuchiya S , Hashii K 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in location of the main occluding area with reduction of occlusal support and to evaluate the subsequent impairment in masticatory ability.Methods:  One hundred and two patients were recruited according to the Eichner’s index, which is based on the number of occlusal support zones. Each subject was instructed to clench a piece of temporary stopping in the particular occluding area that was preferably used during mastication. The main occluding area was judged by locating the tooth on which the temporary stopping rested. Subjective masticatory ability was self‐assessed by means of a questionnaire.Results:  Group classification depending upon the location of the main occluding area was significantly associated with the category of the Eichner’s index. The level of masticatory ability was significantly associated with the category of the Eichner’s index. Moreover, masticatory ability was significantly more impaired in subjects with main occluding areas at the premolar regions compared to those at the molar regions.Conclusions:  The location of the main occluding area may differ under the influence of the remaining natural teeth. The location of the main occluding area and the masticatory ability are likely to be closely related.
Parosteal osteosarcoma: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Huang TC , Monsour PA , Chahoud CD 
Published: March 2010

AbstractParosteal osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy of the bone that usually arises in the long bones. Involvement of the oral cavity is rare. Only 12 cases of intraoral parosteal osteosarcoma have been reported in the English language literature. This paper defines the major clinical, radiographic and histologic features of parosteal osteosarcoma and illustrates these with a case of a 33‐year‐old male presenting with a three‐month history of a painless enlarging lump in the right maxilla. A critical and comprehensive review of the English language literature is also provided.
Compromised first permanent molars: an orthodontic perspective
Authors: Ong DC‐V , Bleakley JE 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe first permanent molar (FPM) is commonly subject to significant compromise which may arise due to caries or endodontic complication, or from developmental anomalies such as hypoplasia. Compromised teeth with questionable prognosis may result in short and long‐term clinical dilemmas. This review article highlights the factors that require careful consideration when a compromised FPM is detected and the importance of timely FPM extraction. Several clinical cases are described in detail to discuss possible treatment options from the orthodontic perspective.
A comparative histological analysis of human pulp following direct pulp capping with Propolis, mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal
Authors: Parolia A , Kundabala M , Rao NN , Acharya SR , Agrawal P , Mohan M , Thomas M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  Permanent teeth pulp exposures have traditionally been treated with calcium hydroxide pulp capping. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of human pulp tissue which were mechanically exposed to a new material, Propolis and compare it with two existing and commonly used pulp capping agents (mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal).Methods:  Thirty‐six intact human premolars were mechanically exposed. Teeth were divided into six groups of 6 teeth each and were capped with Propolis, mineral trioxide aggregate and Dycal. Final restoration was done with posterior composite resin using light cured glass ionomer cement as a liner. The teeth were then extracted on the 15th or the 45th day and processed for histological evaluation.Results:  Differences in inflammatory response and dentine bridge formation of the exposed pulp to the three different materials were statistically calculated using chi‐square test and were found to be non‐significant. There was more pulp inflammation in teeth treated with Dycal than with Propolis and MTA on the 15th as well as on the 45th day. Propolis and MTA showed bridge formation in more teeth, and the bridges were in closer proximity to pulp capping material than teeth treated with Dycal on the 45th day.Conclusions:  The response of pulps to Propolis as a pulp capping agent was comparable to MTA and Dycal.
Dental students’ knowledge and perceptions of non‐invasive dental caries management
Authors: Pakdaman A , Evans RW , Howe E 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:  An evidence‐based, risk‐specific, and non‐invasive modality for caries management was implemented in the University of Sydney dentistry curriculum. This study reviews its impact on student learning outcomes and their perceptions of the efficacy of a risk‐based caries management.Methods:  One hundred and nine Year 3 and Year 4 students were invited to complete a questionnaire to assess their understanding of the protocols and their perceptions of both the education process and value of the non‐invasive treatment modality.Results:  A response rate of 93% Year 3 and 46% Year 4 students was obtained. They correctly identified high and low risk cases but Year 3 students were inclined to misclassify medium risk cases. Most understood correctly that enamel lesions should be arrested and remineralized but were often more radical in dealing with dentine lesions. Students who believed the protocols were useful and who spent more time on preventive care were less likely to restore enamel and dentine lesions.Conclusions:  A modest level of knowledge concerning application of the non‐invasive caries management system to paper‐based clinical case studies was demonstrated. Protocol misinterpretation may reflect inconsistent instruction by some clinical tutors. It is hoped that the promulgation of evidence‐based dentistry will overcome these barriers in future.
A simple method to differentially exclude ants from tree canopies based on ant body size
Authors: Romeu‐Dalmau Carla , Espadaler Xavier , Piñol Josep 
Published: March 2010

Summary 1. Ants are ubiquitous components of most terrestrial communities. Ant exclusion from tree canopies using sticky barriers is frequently used to ascertain the ant’s role in the community. This method is very effective but cannot differentiate between ant species, and excludes them all from the canopy. 2. Here we describe a simple method which permits free access of small ants to the canopy, and excludes ants larger than a defined size. This method is flexible in the sense that can be adapted to decide to some degree which species of ants in each particular community are allowed access to tree canopies.
Overcoming of a Resonance Stall and the Minimization of Amplitudes in the Transient Resonance of a Vibratory Machine by the Phase Modulation Method
Authors: Michalczyk J. , Bednarski Ł. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe present paper elucidates the difficulties faced in the practical implementation of phase modulation methods in the form that was presented by Wang et al. and in the actual systems where the motor driving moment is the control value. A more general model, which takes into consideration the impact of machine vibrations on the rotor angular velocity, was developed. The modification of the phase modulation method is also proposed. The usefulness of such an approach for shaping the transient resonance of the machines with an unbalanced rotor is proven by means of a simulation and an experiment.
A Study on an Automatically Variable Intake Exhaust Injection Timing Turbocharging System for Diesel Engines
Authors: Yang Shiyou , Deng Kangyao , Cui Yi , Gu Hongzhong 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A new turbocharging system, named automatically variable intake exhaust injection timing (AVIEIT), is proposed. Its main purpose is to improve the performance of low-speed high torque operating conditions and improve the economy of high-speed operating conditions for high-speed supercharged intercooled diesel engines. The principle of the AVIEIT turbocharging system is presented. A control mechanism for the proposed AVIEIT system used for a truck diesel engine is introduced. An engine simulation code has been developed. In this code, a zero-dimensional in-cylinder combustion model, a one-dimensional finite volume method-total variation diminishing model for unsteady gas flow in the intake and exhaust manifolds, and a turbocharger model are used. The developed code is used to simulate the performances of diesel engines using the AVIEIT system. Simulations of a military use diesel engine “12V150” and a truck diesel engine “D6114” using the AVIEIT system have been performed. Simulation results show that the in-cylinder charge air amount of the diesel engine with the AVIEIT system is increased at low-speed high torque operating conditions, and the fuel economy is improved at high-speed operating conditions. In order to test the idea of the AVIEIT system, an experiment on a truck diesel engine D6114 equipped with an AVIEIT control mechanism has been finished. The experiment results show that the AVIEIT system can improve the economy of high-speed operating conditions. Both the simulation and experiment results suggest that the AVIEIT system has the potential to replace the waste-gate and variable geometry turbocharger turbocharging systems.
Influence of Ductile
Damage Evolution on the Collapse Load of Frames
Authors: Chica Edwin
L. , Ibán Antolín
L. , Terán José M.
G. , López-Reyes Pablo
M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In this note we analyze the influence of four damage models on the collapse load of a structure. The models considered here have been developed using the hypothesis based on the concept of effective stress and the principle of strain equivalence and they were proposed by Lemaitre and Chaboche (1990, Mechanics of Solid Materials), Wang (1992, “Unified CDM Model and Local Criterion for Ductile Fracture—I. Unified CDM Model for Ductile Fracture,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 42, pp. 177–183), Chandrakanth and Pandey (1995, “An Isotropic Damage Model for Ductile Material,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 50, pp. 457–465), and Bonora (1997, “A Nonlinear CDM Model for Ductile Failure,” Eng. Fract. Mech., 58, pp. 11–28). The differences between them consist mainly in the form of the dissipative potential from which the kinetic law of damage is derived and also in the assumptions made about some parameters of the material.
Proteome analysis of the normal and Ogura (ogu) CMS anthers of Brassica napus to identify proteins associated with male sterility
Authors: Sheoran Inder S. , Sawhney Vipen K. 
Published: March 2010

In the Ogura (ogu) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in Brassica napus L., male sterility is caused by a defect in the mitochondrial gene and, under our growth conditions, stamens produced are carpelloid. We analyzed the proteome of ogu and normal anthers with the objective of identifying differentially expressed proteins and their potential roles in pollen development and male sterility. By using differential in-gel electrophoresis, we detected over 2300 spots on 2-D gels of normal and ogu anthers and of the 167 spots with 2-fold or higher expression, 120 were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and 94 proteins were identified searching against NCBI and Brassica EST databases. Proteins up-regulated in normal anthers included those associated with carbohydrate and energy metabolism (e.g., fructose bisphosphatase, ATP synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c oxidase), cell wall remodeling (e.g., β-1,3-glucanase and pectinesterase), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), photosynthesis, and flavonoid synthesis. Proteases were identified in both the normal and ogu anthers, but a number of protease inhibitors were up-regulated in ogu anthers. The activities of ALDH and β-1,3-glucanase were also much higher in normal anthers by comparison with ogu anthers. This study documents the proteomic basis of mitochondrial–nuclear interaction in the control of ogu CMS in B. napus.
Effects of summer temperature on fungal endophyte assemblages in Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) leaves in pure beech stands
Authors: Hashizume Yousuke , Fukuda Kenji , Sahashi Norio 
Published: March 2010

Fungal endophyte assemblages in leaves of Japanese beech ( Fagus crenata Blume) trees were investigated in pure beech stands at four localities with different summer temperatures covering the natural distribution range of the species. Ascochyta fagi Woronich was dominant at every site, and the infection density (ID) of this fungus was higher at sites with low maximum air temperatures. The growth rate of A. fagi on potato dextrose agar was inhibited by temperatures above 30 °C. These results suggest that the population density of A. fagi on Japanese beech leaves is influenced by summer temperatures. However, the number of species and Shannon index of diversity (H′) of endophytic fungi increased with increasing air temperature and a negative correlation was observed between the ID of A. fagi and the diversity of other endophytes. The species composition of minor endophytes was site-specific and may reflect geographic and genetic distances between beech stands.
Saprobic and parasitic interactions ofConiochaeta velutinawith mosses
Authors: Davey Marie L. , Tsuneda Akihiko , Currah Randolph S. 
Published: March 2010

During a survey of fungi associated with boreal bryophytes in Alberta, Canada, an isolate of Coniochaeta velutina (Coniochaetaceae, Coniochaetales), an opportunistic tree-pathogen and saprobe, was obtained from Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. (Hylocomiaceae, Hypnales). This isolate exhibited phylogenetic affinities to C. velutina isolated from vascular plants. In vitro characterization of its interactions with the model host Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. (Funariaceae, Funariales) demonstrated that it readily forms both anamorph and teleomorph states on the moss. Infected hosts exhibited no macroscopic symptoms or, occasionally, became weakly chlorotic, suggesting that the fungus is a parasite. However, cellulase and polyphenolic oxidase enzyme production suggest it may also be a latent saprobe. Vegetative hyphae of C. velutina directly penetrated rhizoids and frequently elicited a papilla-formation host response, neither of which have been reported in vascular plants infected with C. velutina. The Lecythophora anamorph of C. velutina was produced within host rhizoids, a new phenomenon among bryophilous fungi. Ascomata were produced superficially on F. hygrometrica, although the rhizoid the ascoma is initiated on frequently becomes embedded in the mature peridium. Given the ability of C. velutina to infect, persist, and reproduce on moss hosts, understory bryophytes may represent an inoculum reservoir that contributes to the disease cycle of C. velutina on tree species.
Sex-allocation plasticity in hermaphrodites of sexually dimorphic Fragaria virginiana (Rosaceae)
Authors: Bishop Eric J. , Spigler Rachel B. , Ashman Tia-Lynn 
Published: March 2010

Sex-allocation plasticity is thought to play an important role in the evolution of separate sexes in plants. Accordingly, much attention has been paid to environmentally induced variation in fruit and seed production in sexually dimorphic species, but we know little about whether this variation arises as a direct response to environmental variation or is instead an indirect consequence of changes in plant size. In this study, we characterize sex-allocation plasticity across a resource gradient for several reproductive traits in hermaphrodites of gyno(sub)dioecious Fragaria virginiana Duch. We find significant plasticity, on average, for flower number, proportion fruit set, ovule number, proportion seed set, and runner number in response to resource variation. Plasticity of most traits examined tended to be at least partially independent of variation in plant size, suggesting that it is not simply an indirect consequence of plant allometry. Moreover, we find genetic variation for plasticity of key reproductive traits. Comparisons of relative plasticities among traits reveal that F. virginiana hermaphrodites are more likely to adjust female investment via changes in fruit and seed set than ovule number, and most likely to adjust male investment via flower number rather than anther number or pollen per anther, although there is genotypic variation for plasticity in pollen per anther. Evidence of within-population variation can logically be extended to suggest that variation in hermaphrodite sex-expression seen among natural populations of F. virginiana may be due, at least in part, to sex-allocation plasticity.
Juvenile leaves of Rhus glabra have higher photosynthetic thermal tolerance than mature leaves
Authors: Snider John L. , Choinski John S. , Slaton William 
Published: March 2010

We have previously shown that juvenile leaves of Rhus glabra L. growing in a field setting were consistently 2–3 °C warmer than mature leaves during periods of high irradiance. An experiment was done to test the hypothesis that these differences in leaf temperature lead to increased photosynthetic temperature tolerance in juvenile leaves when compared with cooler, mature leaves. Significant differences were found between the leaf stages with detached juvenile leaves having a slightly higher T15 (the temperature causing a 15% drop in maximum photochemical efficiency) than mature leaves (43.5 vs. 41.1 °C). Additionally, measurement of the effect of temperature on actual quantum yield (ΦPSII) showed maximum activity at 35 °C for mature leaves, whereas juvenile leaves exhibited a broader temperature response with similar activities between 30 and 40 °C. The 2 °C difference in T15 roughly coincided with observed average differences between juvenile and mature leaf temperature we observed in the field, indicating that higher juvenile leaf temperature is a factor in promoting their enhanced temperature tolerance.
Pollination of an invasive orchid, Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae), by an invasive oil-collecting bee, Centris nitida, in southern Florida
Authors: Liu Hong , Pemberton Robert 
Published: March 2010

The lack of appropriate pollinators is believed to be an impediment to naturalization of orchids. We studied the self-compatibility and pollination of an invasive, showy, rewardless, terrestrial orchid ( Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Vell.) Pabst ex F. Barrios) in southern Florida. Pollination treatments indicated that the orchid is self-compatible but not autogamous. Visitor observations indicated that the orchid is pollinated by an invasive specialist oil-collecting bee ( Centris nitida Smith). The presence of the invasive Centris nitida has probably contributed to the naturalization of this probable oil reward mimicking orchid in Florida. We contrasted our results in the orchid’s invasive range with those reported in two studies in the orchid’s native range. In the invasive range in Florida, the orchid experiences a lower inbreeding depression. In both areas, the orchid is pollinated by Centris species and the pollination of the orchid is apparently enhanced by the presence of oil-rewarding species of the Malpighiaceae.
The Gospel of Thomas (Pynchon): Abandoning Eschatology in Gravity’s Rainbow
Authors: Pederson Joshua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt is tempting to read Thomas Pynchon’s sprawling masterpiece Gravity’s Rainbow—with its shell-shocked refugees fleeing across a missile-pocked, post-war landscape—as an eschatological text that plays out religious end-times scenarios. However, an invented citation from the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas included as a chapter epigraph—“Dear Mom, I put a couple of people in hell today”—suggests that we should do otherwise. In grafting a playful fragment about Jesus, judgment, and hell onto Thomas, Pynchon parodies a common need to read eschatological themes back into non-eschatological texts. In doing so, he also provides a powerful heuristic for interpreting his own book. Ultimately, Pynchon’s own rocket-gospel is likewise a non-eschatological text. Like Thomas, Gravity’s Rainbow stymies readers’ efforts to derive a clear eschatology from it—or to read one back into it. In this essay, I contend that Pynchon enacts a number of strategies to keep his audience from reading classic end-times scenarios into his own work, all of which are prefigured by the Gospel of Thomas.