bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological evaluation of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Mizukami Hiroki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrently, there are more than 10 million patients with diabetes mellitus in Japan. Therefore, the need to explore the pathogenesis of diabetes and the complications leading to its cure is becoming increasingly urgent. Pathological examination of pancreatic tissues from patients with type 2 diabetes reveals a decrease in the volume of beta cells because of a combination of various stresses. In human type 2 diabetes, islet amyloid deposition is a unique pathological change characterized by proinflammatory macrophage (M1) infiltration into the islets. The pathological changes in the pancreas with islet amyloid were different according to clinical factors, which suggests that type 2 diabetes can be further subclassified based on islet pathology. On the other hand, diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent diabetic complication. In early diabetic peripheral neuropathy, M1 infiltration in the sciatic nerve evokes oxidative stress or attenuates retrograde axonal transport, as clearly demonstrated by in vitro live imaging. Furthermore, islet parasympathetic nerve density and beta cell volume were inversely correlated in type 2 diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki rats, suggesting that diabetic peripheral neuropathy itself may contribute to the decrease in beta cell volume. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy may be interrelated.
Low‐dose aspirin, maternal cardiometabolic health, and offspring respiratory health 9 to 14 years after delivery: Findings from the EAGeR Follow‐up Study
Authors: Shaaban May , Shepelak Zachary D. , Stanford Joseph B. , Silver Robert M. , Mumford Sunni L. , Schisterman Enrique F. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Nkoy Flory L. , Theilen Lauren , Page Jessica , Woo Jessica G. , Brown Benjamin H. , Varner Michael W. , Schliep Karen C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that peri‐conceptional and in‐utero exposures have lifetime health impacts for mothers and their offspring.ObjectivesWe conducted a Follow‐Up Study of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial with two objectives. First, we determined if women who enrolled at the Utah site (N = 1001) of the EAGeR trial (2007–2011, N = 1228) could successfully be contacted and agree to complete an online questionnaire on their reproductive, cardio‐metabolic, and offspring respiratory health 9–14 years after original enrollment. Second, we evaluated if maternal exposure to low‐dose aspirin (LDA) during pregnancy was associated with maternal cardio‐metabolic health and offspring respiratory health.MethodsThe original EAGeR study population included women, 18–40 years of age, who had 1–2 prior pregnancy losses, and who were trying to become pregnant. At follow‐up (2020–2021), participants from the Utah cohort completed a 13‐item online questionnaire on reproductive and cardio‐metabolic health, and those who had a live birth during EAGeR additionally completed a 7‐item questionnaire on the index child's respiratory health. Primary maternal outcomes included hypertension and hypercholesterolemia; primary offspring outcomes included wheezing and asthma.ResultsSixty‐eight percent (n = 678) of participants enrolled in the follow‐up study, with 10% and 15% reporting maternal hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, respectively; and 18% and 10% reporting offspring wheezing and asthma. We found no association between maternal LDA exposure and hypertension (risk difference [RD] −0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.05, 0.04) or hypercholesterolemia (RD −0.01, 95% CI −0.06, 0.05) at 9–14 years follow‐up. Maternal LDA exposure was not associated with offspring wheezing (RD −0.002, 95% CI −0.08, 0.08) or asthma (RD 0.13, 95% CI 0.11, 0.37) at follow‐up. Findings remained robust after considering potential confounding and selection bias.ConclusionsWe observed no association between LDA exposure during pregnancy and maternal cardiometabolic or offspring respiratory health.
Conflicting patterns of cardiovascular reactivity, self‐report, and behavior associated with social anxiety during a conversation with a close friend
Authors: Lang Jessica C. , Peters Brett J. , Tudder Ashley , Gresham Abriana M. , Zoccola Peggy M. , Allan Nicholas P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial anxiety (SA) is characterized by anxious symptomology and fear during social situations, but recent work suggests that SA may not necessarily be associated with negative interpersonal and intrapersonal outcomes in support contexts. The current research investigates the discrepancies between self‐perceptions, behavior, and physiological responses associated with SA in social support conversations with close friends. Specifically, we examined the associations between SA and positive and negative affect, perceptions of demands and resources, and responsiveness. Additionally, we used the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat to understand the physiological responses associated with SA. Participants (79.9% White, 9.8% Black or African American, 10.3% Multiple races or other; 78.7% Female), totaling 172 undergraduate friend dyads, completed self‐report measures and had physiological responses recorded while they discussed a problem unrelated to the friendship. Trained coders rated responsive behaviors exhibited during the conversation. Results revealed that greater SA was associated with greater negative perceptions of social interactions (greater negative affect, fewer perceived resources, and greater perceived demands). However, cardiovascular reactivity and behavioral responses within the conversation, as well as perceptions of partners' behavior after the conversation, contrasted with these negative perceptions. Indeed, greater SA was associated with greater sympathetic arousal (indicative of greater task engagement), but not with greater challenge or threat, and SA was not associated with perceived partner responsiveness or responsive behaviors. These results add to the growing body of research that suggests people with greater SA show inconsistencies between their conscious appraisals of social situations and their physiological responses.
The duration discrimination respiratory task: A new test to measure respiratory interoceptive accuracy
Authors: Bodart Alice , Invernizzi Sandra , De Leener Mélanie , Lefebvre Laurent , Rossignol Mandy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInteroception, which refers to the perception of body's internal state, is implicated in emotional processes and psychopathological disorders. Over the last decades, different tools have been developed to measure interoceptive accuracy, or the ability to accurately perceive physiological signals. Most of these tools have focused on cardiac interoception, but respiratory interoception has been less investigated due to the more complex and less portable equipment required. In this study, we suggest a new duration discrimination respiratory (DDR) task that does not require complex equipment. Using an adaptive staircase procedure, this task aims to determine an individual's ability to detect exhalation longer than their resting reference duration. One hundred and twenty‐three healthy subjects completed the DDR task, an interoceptive task of heart rate discrimination, and filled out questionnaires on interoceptive awareness (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness), alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale [TAS]), affects (Positive and Negative Affect Scale [PANAS]), and anamnestic. Results demonstrated a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .93) of the DDR task. On average, subjects needed 99.22% (SD = 36.38) of their reference exhalation time in addition to reference exhalation to detect a prolonged exhalation. Higher self‐reported fitness levels, not counting during the DDR task and lower difficulty in describing feelings (TAS subscale), predicted higher respiratory discrimination duration. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the utility of the DDR task as a valid measure of interoception.
Assessing the role of tax‐benefit policies during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from the Andean region
Authors: Jara H. Xavier , Rodríguez David , Collado Diego , Torres Javier , Mideros Andrés , Montesdeoca Lourdes , Avellaneda Andrés , Chang Rodrigo , Vanegas Omar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the role of tax‐benefit policies in mitigating the effects of COVID‐19 on the distribution of household disposable income in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. We exploit data from phone surveys collected during the pandemic combined with tax‐benefit microsimulation techniques to nowcast the distribution of household disposable income. Our results show a sharp drop in household disposable income and a dramatic increase in poverty and inequality during the second quarter of 2020. By the end of 2020, the economy recovers but poverty and inequality remain above the pre‐pandemic levels. COVID‐related policies cushion the effect of the crisis at the bottom of the distribution, and their effect on poverty and inequality largely depends on the generosity of the benefits implemented. By contrast, automatic stabilizers mitigate the impact of the income shock at the top of the distribution due to the effect of social insurance contributions and personal income tax, whereas social assistance programs in place before the pandemic fail to act as automatic stabilizers due to their design as proxy means‐tested benefits. We validate our nowcasting estimates with actual survey data from the end of 2020 and show that our results match closely poverty and inequality indicators in all three countries.
Public discourse about autonomous regions and de facto states
Authors: O’Brochta William 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPublic discourse about autonomous regions and de facto ‐‐‐ or unrecognized ‐‐‐ states can influence the policies that parent states adopt to respond to these entities. I theorize that public discourse about autonomous regions will underscore commonalities with the parent state. Public discourse about de facto states will treat the state as a separate entity. I employ newspaper data as a measure of public discourse about Adjara and Abkhazia, Georgia. Using sentiment analysis and topic models, I show that public discourse about autonomous regions discusses domestic politics whereas discourse about de facto states emphasizes international relations. This analysis of public discourse offers insight into the ways in which people in parent states discuss separatist entities and how leaders may wish to steer public discourse about these regions in the future.
Combination of total glucosides of paeony, narrow‐band ultraviolet B, and oral corticosteroid mini‐pulse therapy for nonsegmental vitiligo: A retrospective study
Authors: Gui Jiachen , Li Zhimin , Zhou Bin , Li Qiang , Zhang Yue , Wang Yaojun , Chi Jiaoni , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe total glucoside of paeony (TGP) is recognized for its immunomodulatory properties and anti‐inflammatory effects. This study evaluates the efficacy of TGP combined with oral mini‐pulse therapy (OMP) and narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) in treating active nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV).Materials and methodsThe combination therapy was contrasted against those from a group treated solely with OMP and NB‐UVB. Data from 62 patients undergoing TGP combination treatment and 55 without were analyzed over a 3‐month period. After 6 months, the differences in recurrence rate were investigated by follow‐up.ResultsThe findings indicate that integrating TGP may yield superior outcomes compared to OMP + NB‐UVB alone. Moreover, the patient's oxidative stress makers were significantly reduced after the treatment. The majority of patients in the TGP cohort exhibited enhanced skin pigmentation over the duration. Notably, no increase in side effects or recurrence was observed in this group. Especially, patients with vitiligo on their head and neck experienced pronounced improvements.ConclusionThe efficacy of the combination treatment group was better than that of the control group at 2 and 3 months, and there was no difference in recurrence rate and side effects, suggesting that TGP may continue to show efficacy in NSV for a longer period of time by reducing the level of oxidative stress, and is especially suitable for patients with head and neck lesions.
Low‐level laser activates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway‐promoting hair follicle stem cell regeneration and wound healing: Upregulate the expression of key downstream gene Lef 1
Authors: BangHong Jiang , YuKun Wang , Ao Shi , Tao Sun , PeiJun Song , XuWen Li , Lin Li , ZhuYou Xiong , Li Zhang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which low‐level laser stimulation promotes the proliferation of intraepithelial hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in wounds. This research aims to expand the applications of laser treatment, enhance wound repair methods, and establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for achieving accelerated wound healing.MethodsThe experimental approach involved irradiating a cell model with low‐level laser to assess the proliferation of HFSCs and examine alterations in the expression of proteins related to the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. A mouse back wound model was established to investigate the effects of low‐level laser irradiation on wound healing rate, wound microenvironment, and the proliferation of HFSCs in relation to the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.ResultsThe research findings indicate that low‐level laser light effectively activates the Wnt signaling pathway, leading to the increased accumulation of core protein β‐catenin and the upregulation of key downstream gene Lef 1. Consequently, this regulatory mechanism facilitates various downstream biological effects, including the notable promotion of HFSC proliferation and differentiation into skin appendages and epithelial tissues. As a result, the process of wound healing is significantly accelerated.ConclusionLow levels of laser activates the Wnt signalling pathway, promotes the regeneration of hair follicle stem cells and accelerates wound healing.
Human dermal fibroblast‐derived secretory proteins for regulating nerve restoration: A bioinformatic approach
Authors: Suh Sang Bum , Suh Ji Youn , Lee Hyeri , Cho Sung Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman dermal fibroblasts secrete diverse proteins that regulate wound repair and tissue regeneration.MethodsIn this study, dermal fibroblast‐conditioned medium (DFCM) proteins potentially regulating nerve restoration were bioinformatically selected among the 337 protein lists identified by quantitative liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Using these proteins, protein–protein interaction network analysis was conducted. In addition, the roles of DFCM proteins were reviewed according to their protein classifications.ResultsGene Ontology protein classification categorized these 57 DFCM proteins into various classes, including protein‐binding activity modulator (N = 11), cytoskeletal protein (N = 8), extracellular matrix protein (N = 6), metabolite interconversion enzyme (N = 5), chaperone (N = 4), scaffold/adapter protein (N = 4), calcium‐binding protein (N = 3), cell adhesion molecule (N = 2), intercellular signal molecule (N = 2), protein modifying enzyme (N = 2), transfer/carrier protein (N = 2), membrane traffic protein (N = 1), translational protein (N = 1), and unclassified proteins (N = 6). Further protein–protein interaction network analysis of 57 proteins revealed significant interactions among the proteins that varied according to the settings of confidence score.ConclusionsOur bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that DFCM contains many secretory proteins that form significant protein–protein interaction networks crucial for regulating nerve restoration. These findings underscore DFCM proteins’ critical roles in various nerve restoration stages during the wound repair process.
Pursuit of the concept of validity: A dialogue
Authors: Cozzo Cesare 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis is a dialogue between Lisa and Max on Dag Prawitz's work concerning the concept of deductive validity. Lisa first explains Prawitz's criticisms of the presently prevailing non‐epistemic analyses of validity. Then Lisa describes three different ways in which Prawitz attempted to develop an epistemic concept of validity. Max asks questions for clarification, raises some objections and compares Prawitz's three approaches with other lines of thought. Two inference rules are specially discussed: disjunction introduction and ex contradictione quodlibet. Max and Lisa view Prawitz's contribution as part of a variegated, ongoing research pursuing an explication of the concept of validity, which began with the Socratic and Platonic distinction between merely persuasive arguments and good arguments and with Aristotle's definition of syllogism. Throughout the history of philosophy, logicians have aimed at clarifying a pre‐theoretic idea of good deduction and have proposed, criticized, refined, adjusted precise theoretical concepts of validity. Prawitz has criticized current views about validity, has advanced new proposals and revised them. His work is an important chapter of the long pursuit of the concept of validity.
Use of a modified SCORFAD scale to define localised reaction patterns associated with a flea burden in cats
Authors: Sampeck Bridgette , Sutherland Cameron , Canfield Michael S. , Herrin Brian H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale (SCORFAD) is a validated dermatological scale assessing reaction patterns associated with allergic dermatitis in cats. While no pathognomonic reaction pattern is recognised with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), miliary dermatitis is more common.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThis study aimed to document regional cutaneous reaction patterns of cats with fleas using a modified SCORFAD (mSCORFAD).AnimalsIn total, 142 owned cats from West Central Florida enrolled over three study periods. To be included, each cat and household environment had five or more fleas on Day (D)0.Materials and MethodsCats were examined on D0, D7, D14, D21, D28, D44, D56 and D80. On D0 they were treated with an isoxazoline and treatment continued through the study. Ten body regions were assessed using mSCORFAD to give a regional score for each of four reaction patterns. These were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsAt D80 there was an 80% reduction in total mSCORFAD representing clinical response to ectoparasite control only. The most commonly affected region was the ventral abdomen with a mean mSCORFAD score of 1.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.5–2.1) compared with other body regions (p < 0.01). The most common reaction patterns were self‐induced alopecia on the ventral abdomen and miliary dermatitis in the cervical region (p < 0.0001).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe mSCORFAD suggests that self‐induced alopecia on the ventral abdomen and miliary dermatitis in the cervical region is more strongly associated with a flea burden in cats.
The effects of habitual resistance exercise training on cerebrovascular responses to lower body dynamic resistance exercise: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Korad Stephanie , Mündel Toby , Perry Blake G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDynamic resistance exercise (RE) produces sinusoidal fluctuations in blood pressure with simultaneous fluctuations in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv). Some evidence indicates that RE may alter cerebrovascular function. This study aimed to examine the effects of habitual RE training on the within‐RE cerebrovascular responses. RE‐trained (n = 15, Female = 4) and healthy untrained individuals (n = 15, Female = 12) completed four sets of 10 paced repetitions (15 repetitions per minute) of unilateral leg extension exercise at 60% of predicted 1 repetition maximum. Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure, MCAv and end‐tidal carbon dioxide were measured throughout. Zenith, nadir and zenith‐to‐nadir difference in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and mean MCAv (MCAvmean) for each repetition were averaged across each set. Two‐way ANOVA was used to analyse dependent variables (training × sets), Bonferroni corrected t‐tests were used for post hoc pairwise comparisons. Group age (26 ± 7 trained vs. 25 ± 6 years untrained, P = 0.683) and weight (78 ± 15 vs. 71 ± 15 kg, P = 0.683) were not different. During exercise average MAP was greater for the RE‐trained group in sets 2, 3 and 4 (e.g., set 4: 101 ± 11 vs. 92 ± 7 mmHg for RE trained and untrained, respectively, post hoc tests all P = < 0.012). Zenith MAP and zenith‐to‐nadir MAP difference demonstrated a training effect (P < 0.039). Average MCAvmean and MCAvmean zenith‐to‐nadir difference was not different between groups (interaction effect P = 0.166 and P = 0.459, respectively). Despite RE‐trained individuals demonstrating greater fluctuations in MAP during RE compared to untrained, there were no differences in MCAvmean. Regular RE may lead to vascular adaptations that stabilise MCAv during RE.
Cavitation and Pulsation Reduction for External Gear Pumps Using Novel Core-Feed Inlets and Outlets: An Integrated Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Sedri Farhad , Riasi Alireza , Mahdavi Nejad Alireza , Metghalchi Hameed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fluid starvation and congestion at the meshing area of external gear pumps (EGPs) happen inevitably as an intrinsic nature of these pumps. As a result, cavitation and excessive pressure pulsation are the two significant issues suffering the pump performance at almost any pump speed. Increasing speed or differential pressure exacerbates the situation, resulting in excessive noise, vibration, and damage to the pump or the hydraulic circuit, plus a significant reduction of pump efficiency. External gear pumps have tiny decompression grooves on the bearing blocks to alleviate these issues. However, these grooves cannot handle sufficient flow to prevent pressure drop at the intake side and pressure rise at the discharge side of the meshing area. This study presents analysis of an innovative core-feed inlets/outlets which effectively reduce cavitation and excessive pressure pulsation, even at extremely high speeds, by connecting the closed volumes of fluid at the gears meshing area to the main inlet/outlet through the center of gears. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to study the dynamic behavior of the pump. A fully functional prototype with secondary inlets and transparent components was built to validate the flow rate calculation against the experimental data and visualize the cavitation phenomena. The numerical results were in an excellent agreement with experimental data. The results show that the new pump can operate at much higher speeds with higher efficiency than a typical gear pump.