bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caterpillar movement mediates spatially local interactions and determines the relationship between population density and contact
Authors: Carson Brendan D. , Orians Colin M. , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
While interactions in nature are inherently local, ecological models often assume homogeneity across space, allowing for generalization across systems and greater mathematical tractability. Density-dependent disease models are a prominent example of models that assume homogeneous interactions, leading to the prediction that disease transmission will scale linearly with population density. In this study, we examined how the scale of larval butterfly movement interacts with the resource landscape to influence the relationship between larval contact and population density in the Baltimore checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton). Our study was inspired by the recent discovery of a viral pathogen that is transmitted horizontally among Baltimore checkerspot larvae.

Methods
We used multi-year larvae location data across six Baltimore checkerspot populations in the eastern U.S. to test whether larval nests are spatially clustered. We then integrated these spatial data with larval movement data in different resource contexts to investigate whether heterogeneity in spatially local interactions alters the assumed linear relationship between larval nest density and contact. We used Correlated Random Walk (CRW) models and field observations of larval movement behavior to construct Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) of larval dispersal, and calculated the overlap in these PDFs to estimate conspecific contact within each population.

Results
We found that all populations exhibited significant spatial clustering in their habitat use. Subsequent larval movement rates were influenced by encounters with host plants and larval age, and under many movement scenarios, the scale of predicted larval movement was not sufficient to allow for the “homogeneous mixing” assumed in density dependent disease models. Therefore, relationships between population density and larval contact were typically non-linear. We also found that observed use of available habitat patches led to significantly greater contact than would occur if habitat use were spatially random.

Conclusions
These findings strongly suggest that incorporating larval movement and spatial variation in larval interactions is critical to modeling disease outcomes in E. phaeton. Epidemiological models that assume a linear relationship between population density and larval contact have the potential to underestimate transmission rates, especially in small populations that are already vulnerable to extinction.
Perceptions of rural and urban residents in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Ethiopia related to milk adulteration
Authors: Amenu Kebede , Shibiru Abagena , Kumbe Adem , Konyole Silvenus Ochieng , Jaleta Megarsa Bedasa , Tiki Waktole 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMilk is a nutritious food that plays a great role in the diets of a society largely dependent on livestock production. On the other hand, contaminants can enter milk naturally or intentionally, causing a negative impact on the health of consumers. Milk adulteration is a wide concern in the dairy industry in many countries, including Ethiopia, with a subsequent negative impact on its nutritive value and potentially affecting the health of consumers. This study was designed to assess the perceptions of rural and urban residents in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Ethiopia related to milk adulteration. It was also aimed at identifying the potential reasons for milk adulteration in the area. A semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, respectively, focusing on the types of substances added to milk and the reasons for the addition of the substances. In rural and urban areas, 73.1% and 91.7% of respondents reported suspicion of the addition of nonmilk substances or milk of other animal species to cow’s milk before selling, respectively. According to the qualitative data, most reported adulterants were water and ‘pasta or rice water’ (a murky fluid left after boiling rice or pasta). Respondents mentioned that they identify adulterated milk by observation or tasting. Economic gain was the primary perceived reason to adulterate the milk according to the study participants. The respondents had concerns about the quality and safety of milk associated with adulteration in the area. The weak enforcement of regulations related to milk quality and marketing as well as the inadequacy of capacity for the detection of adulteration were mentioned as gaps toward mitigating the problems. Awareness creation about the negative impacts of milk adulteration among the community supported by strategies for regulation, such as improving regular testing of milk and taking actions on adulterated milk, is recommended to tackle consumer concerns around milk adulteration in the area.
Brood success of sex-role-reversed pheasant-tailed jacanas: the effects of social polyandry, seasonality, and male mating order
Authors: Lee Ya-Fu , Kuo Yen-Min , Chuang Bing-Yuan , Hsu Hui-Ching , Huang Yi-Jun , Su Yu-Chen , Lee Wen-Chen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiple mating by avian females may increase hatching and overall brood success; however, reproductive effort and parental investment are costly, and females may be gradually depleted, with lowered outputs over time. Thus, males in social polyandry systems may differ greatly in their reproductive gains. In the present study, we investigated the reproductive outputs of social polyandrous and sex-role-reversed pheasant-tailed jacanas, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, to assess the effects of polyandry, seasonality, and male mating order on breeding success. Female jacanas produced multiple clutches, either by leaving two or more clutches with an individual male (22%), or by mating with two or more males (78%). The polyandrous females laid both the first and second clutches earlier and showed a breeding period more than twice as long as that of monandrous females. Both polyandry and seasonality affected the fate of a clutch, where clutches from polyandrous females and the early season had higher hatching and brood success rates, but the number of polyandrous females declined over the season. Polyandrous females not only laid more clutches and eggs, and gained more hatchlings and fledglings, but also achieved higher per-clutch outputs and hatching rates than monandrous females. In polyandry groups, males gained higher total hatchlings and fledglings, although not total clutches or eggs, than males in monandry or bi-andry groups. Moreover, males in polyandry groups achieved higher hatchlings and fledglings per clutch and higher hatching and brood success rates. In polyandry groups, the first-mating males obtained more clutches, eggs, and hatchlings; however, they did not have higher success rates, nor total fledglings and per-clutch outputs, than males who mated later. Overall, the results indicate a selective advantage of polyandry for the jacanas studied, particularly in the early breeding season. This advantage, however, differs both between the sexes and intra-sexually, suggesting strong connections with certain ecological/environmental conditions in addition to the jacanas’ own quality.
A pivotal phase 2 single-arm study of glecirasib (JAB-21822) in patients with NSCLC harboring KRAS G12C mutation.
Authors: Shi Yuankai , Fang Jian , Xing Ligang , Yao Yu , Zhang Jian , Liu Lian , Wang Yongsheng , Hu Changlu , Xiong Jianping , Liu Zhihua , Yang Runxiang , Wang Zhen , Zhao Enfeng , Wang Mengzhao , Zhao Yanqiu , Tang Kejing , Li Zhihua , Song Zhengbo 
Published: April 2024

468214 Background: KRAS G12C mutation occurs in approximately 4% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) in China. Glecirasib (Jacobio, Beijing, PRC) is a potent and highly selective covalent oral inhibitor of KRAS G12C. Methods: This phase 2 single-arm study (NCT05009329) of glecirasib was conducted in China at 43 sites, enrolling participants with locally advanced or metastatic KRAS G12C mutated NSCLC. Subjects must have received prior platinum-based therapy and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) as well as appropriate targeted agents for any actionable mutations per local standards. Primary study objective is overall response rate (ORR) assessed by independent review committee (IRC). The secondary study objectives include duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. Here we report topline results from this pivotal study. Results: A total of 119 patients with NSCLC harboring KRAS G12C mutation were enrolled and treated with single agent glecirasib at 800mg daily (median follow up 10.4 months). The median age was 62 years, 79% was male and 21% was female, and 80.7% had ECOG PS 1. The prior lines of therapy include 1-3, with 94.1% (112/119) patients having received prior platinum-based therapy and ICI. Confirmed ORR was 47.9% (56/117; 95% CI, 38.5%-57.3%) and confirmed DCR was 86.3% (101/117; 95% CI, 78.7%-92%) assessed by IRC. Median PFS per IRC was 8.2 months (95% CI, 5.5 – 13.1), and median OS was 13.6 months (95% CI, 10.9 – NE). Median DOR has not been reached (95% CI, 7.2 – NE ). Overall, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were observed in 97.5% of subjects. Most common TRAEs [≥15%] were anemia (56.3%), blood bilirubin increased (48.7%), alanine aminotransferase increased (35.3%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (35.3%), hypertriglyceridemia (28.6%) and γ-Glutamyl transferase increased (15.1%). Grade 3 and 4 TRAEs were observed in 39.5%. No grade 5 TRAEs occurred. Most of patients can stay on the treatment and 5.0% patients discontinued the treatment due to TRAE. In contrast to other FDA approved KRAS G12C inhibitor, Gleciasib has 6.7% of nausea, 7.6% vomiting, 3.4% diarrhea in which only one grade 3 nausea is reported. Conclusion: The pivotal phase 2 study of Glecirasib has met the primary endpoints and demonstrates impressive ORR and PFS with promising clinical activity for patients with KRAS G12C mutated advanced NSCLC. Glecirasib is well tolerated, with an extremely low gastrointestinal toxicity profile, which may improve patient compliance with oral therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT05009329 .
The Association of Cardiometabolic, Diet and Lifestyle Parameters With Plasma Glucagon-like Peptide-1: An IMI DIRECT Study
Authors: Eriksen Rebeca , White Margaret C , Dawed Adem Y , Perez Isabel Garcia , Posma Joram M , Haid Mark , Sharma Sapna , Prehn Cornelia , Thomas E Louise , Koivula Robert W , Bizzotto Roberto , Mari Andrea , Giordano Giuseppe N , Pavo Imre , Schwenk Jochen M , De Masi Federico , Tsirigos Konstantinos D , Brunak Søren , Viñuela Ana , Mahajan Anubha , McDonald Timothy J , Kokkola Tarja , Rutters Femke , Beulens Joline , Muilwijk Mirthe , Blom Marieke , Elders Petra , Hansen Tue H , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Jones Angus , Jennison Chris , Walker Mark , McCarthy Mark I , Pedersen Oluf , Ruetten Hartmut , Forgie Ian , Holst Jens J , Thomsen Henrik S , Ridderstråle Martin , Bell Jimmy D , Adamski Jerzy , Franks Paul W , Hansen Torben , Holmes Elaine , Frost Gary , Pearson Ewan R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood.

Objective
We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet, and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohorts, cohort 1 (n = 2127) individuals at risk of diabetes; cohort 2 (n = 789) individuals with new-onset T2D.

Results
Our multiple regression analysis reveals that fasting total GLP-1 is associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype and observe a strong independent relationship with male sex, increased adiposity, and liver fat, particularly in the prediabetes population. In contrast, we showed that incremental GLP-1 decreases with worsening glycemia, higher adiposity, liver fat, male sex, and reduced insulin sensitivity in the prediabetes cohort. Higher fasting total GLP-1 was associated with a low intake of wholegrain, fruit, and vegetables in people with prediabetes, and with a high intake of red meat and alcohol in people with diabetes.

Conclusion
These studies provide novel insights into the association between fasting and incremental GLP-1, metabolic traits of diabetes and obesity, and dietary intake, and raise intriguing questions regarding the relevance of fasting GLP-1 in the pathophysiology T2D.
POLÍTICA E INCLUSÃO:
Authors: Plaisance Eric 
Published: April 2024

O artigo propõe duas abordagens complementares: uma pessoal e biográfica com uma dimensão histórica e outra conceitual. Na primeira parte será mostrado a evolução do meu engajamento profissional na França, no Centro Nacional de Pedagogia Especial, que se ocupava da formação de professores da educação dita "especial". Em seguida minhas atividades no CRESAS, organismo de investigação sobre a escolarização. E finalmente, na Universidade Paris Descartes, com várias colaborações internacionais e compromissos políticos e sociais militantes. Através desta evolução pessoal, vemos as transformações das políticas nacionais que ultrapassaram a educação especial e valorizam atualmente a educação inclusiva. Na segunda parte, são analisados os conceitos de inclusão e de educação inclusiva, tendo como referência principal os documentos da UNESCO. A relativização da relação entre o normal e o patológico abre novas representações da deficiência e das necessidades educativas especiais. A última questão abordada é a das dimensões internacionais e nacionais das políticas de educação inclusiva. Recomendações práticas são formuladas com vista à aplicação concreta do direito à educação para todos.

Palavras chaves:Educação;Política;Especial; Inclusão.
Increase in blood pressure precedes distress behavior in nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Boockvar Kenneth S. , Huan Tianwen , Curyto Kimberly , Lee Sei , Intrator Orna 
Published: April 2024

Background
Distress behaviors in dementia (DBD) likely increase sympathetic nervous system activity. The aim of this study was to examine the associations among DBD, blood pressure (BP), and intensity of antihypertensive treatment, in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia.

Methods
We identified long-stay Veterans Affairs NH residents with dementia in 2019–20 electronic health data. Each individual with a BP reading and a DBD incident according to a structured behavior note on a calendar day (DBD group) was compared with an individual with a BP reading but without a DBD incident on that same day (comparison group). In each group we calculated daily mean BP from 14 days before to 7 days after the DBD incident day. We then calculated the change in BP between the DBD incident day and, as baseline, the 7-day average of BP 1 week prior, and tested for differences between DBD and comparison groups in a generalized estimating equations multivariate model.

Results
The DBD and comparison groups consisted of 707 and 2328 individuals, respectively. The DBD group was older (74 vs. 72 y), was more likely to have severe cognitive impairment (13% vs. 8%), and had worse physical function scores (15 vs. 13 on 28-point scale). In the DBD group, mean systolic BP on the DBD incident day was 1.6 mmHg higher than baseline (p < .001), a change that was not observed in the comparison group. After adjusting for covariates, residents in the DBD group, but not the comparison group, had increased likelihood of having systolic BP > = 160 mmHg on DBD incident days (OR 1.02; 95%CI 1.00–1.03). Systolic BP in the DBD group began to rise 7 days before the DBD incident day and this rise persisted 1 week after. There were no significant changes in mean number of antihypertensive medications over this time period in either group.

Conclusions
NH residents with dementia have higher BP when they experience DBD, and BP rises 7 days before the DBD incident. Clinicians should be aware of these findings when deciding intensity of BP treatment.
HEBE project: Healthy aging versus inflamm-aging: The role of physical exercise in modulating the biomarkers of age-associated and environmentally determined chronic diseases, study protocol
Authors: Bianchi Francesca , Biganzoli Elia Mario , Bollati Valentina , Clerici Mario , Lucini Daniela , Mandò Chiara , Rota Federica ,   on behalf of the HEBE Consortium
Published: April 2024

Inflamm-aging refers to the chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs with aging and cellular senescence, and it is linked to various diseases. Understanding the markers involved in inflammation and aging, as well as their interaction with environmental factors and bodily control mechanisms, can provide crucial tools for assessing the resilience (i.e. the ability to adapt and improve) of the human body, particularly in the presence of chronic degenerative conditions or vulnerable life stages, that place the individual and the community to which he belongs in a state of potential fragility. HEBE focuses on physical exercise, along with nutritional and lifestyle recommendations, to reduce systemic inflammation and promote healthy aging. HEBE encompasses multiple research lines (LR). In the ongoing LR1 (“proof of concept”), healthy lifestyle recommendations were provided to University of Milan employees, and changes in quality of life and well-being were assessed using a specialized questionnaire. The first 100 eligible subjects, who expressed their willingness to participate, underwent a personalized physical exercise protocol based on clinical and objective assessments. Biomedical samples were collected at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1) to establish a shared biobank and identify non-invasive biomarkers that monitor the impact of physical exercise on individual characteristics such as cardiovascular and metabolic health. Subsequently (LR2-LR10), the proof of concept findings will be expanded to include various conditions of vulnerability such as obesity, cancer, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, functional syndromes, respiratory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune conditions. The research lines will leverage the expertise of the 94 participating investigators to form a collaborative network that maximizes the potential for investigation and knowledge exchange. This approach fosters a culture of health promotion and disease prevention.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05815732.
Validity and reliability of the Thai version of the ASCRS SPEED II preoperative OSD questionnaire in Thai cataract surgery candidates
Authors: Lekhanont Kaevalin , Ariyanonthacha Paphada , Wongrathanandha Chathaya , Phimpho Prae , Cheewaruangroj Nontawat 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
To develop a Thai version of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS)-modified Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) II© preoperative ocular surface disease (OSD) questionnaire (ASCRS SPEED II-Thai) and evaluate its validity and reliability in Thai cataract surgery candidates.

Methods
The original English version of the questionnaire was translated and adapted cross-culturally to Thai language. The ASCRS SPEED II-Thai was evaluated for content validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Five experts in the ocular surface field critically reviewed the ASCRS SPEED II-Thai to measure the content validity indexes (CVI). A total of 105 cataract surgery candidates were recruited from an ophthalmology clinic to complete the questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess internal consistency and test–retest reliability, respectively.

Results
During the translation and cross-cultural adaptation processes, only two minor modifications were made to the original version for clarification without changing their meaning. All items in the ASCRS SPEED II-Thai had an item-level CVI of 1.00, representing complete agreement among content experts. The scale-level CVI was 1.00, indicating excellent content validity of the questionnaire. The participants found no difficulty in understanding each question in the pilot test. Cronbach’s alpha for the ASCRS SPEED II-Thai was 0.82, indicating good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was good to excellent, with ICC values ranging from 0.83 to 1.00 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The ASCRS SPEED II-Thai is a valid clinical tool with adequate reliability for preoperative OSD screening among Thai cataract surgery candidates.
Nurturing an organizational context that supports team-based primary mental health care: A grounded theory study
Authors: Ashcroft Rachelle , Menear Matthew , Dahrouge Simone , Silveira Jose , Emode Monica , Booton Jocelyn , Bahniwal Ravninder , Sheffield Peter , McKenzie Kwame 
Published: April 2024

Background
The expansion of the Patient-Centred Medical Home model presents a valuable opportunity to enhance the integration of team-based mental health services in primary care settings, thereby meeting the growing demand for such services. Understanding the organizational context of a Patient-Centred Medical Home is crucial for identifying the facilitators and barriers to integrating mental health care within primary care. The main objective of this paper is to present the findings related to the following research question: "What organizational features shape Family Health Teams’ capacity to provide mental health services for depression and anxiety across Ontario, Canada?"

Methods
Adopting a constructivist grounded theory approach, we conducted interviews with various mental health care providers, and administrators within Ontario’s Family Health Teams, in addition to engaging provincial policy informants and community stakeholders. Data analysis involved a team-based approach, including code comparison and labelling, with a dedicated data analysis subcommittee convening monthly to explore coded concepts influencing contextual factors.

Results
From the 96 interviews conducted, involving 82 participants, key insights emerged on the organizational contextual features considered vital in facilitating team-based mental health care in primary care settings. Five prominent themes were identified: i) mental health explicit in the organizational vision, ii) leadership driving mental health care, iii) developing a mature and stable team, iv) adequate physical space that facilitates team interaction, and v) electronic medical records to facilitate team communication.

Conclusions
This study underscores the often-neglected organizational elements that influence primary care teams’ capacity to deliver quality mental health care services. It highlights the significance of strong leadership complemented by effective communication and collaboration within teams to enhance their ability to provide mental health care. Strengthening relationships within primary care teams lies at the core of effective healthcare delivery and should be leveraged to improve the integration of mental health care.