bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origins for epitaxial order of sexiphenyl crystals on muscovite(001)
Authors: Resel R. , Haber T. , Lengyel O. , Sitter H. , Balzer F. , Rubahn H.‐G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe epitaxial order of sexiphenyl crystals on muscovite(001) is investigated by x‐ray diffraction, lattice misfit calculations and atomic force microscopy. Depending on the substrate temperature during the thin film growth process, different epitaxial orientations are formed. Sexiphenyl thin films prepared at 370 K preferentially form crystals with the crystallographic (11‐1) planes parallel to the substrate surface while at 434 K a strong fraction of crystals with (11‐2) orientations is grown. The epitaxial orders of sexiphenyl crystals are compared with lattice misfit calculations. The in‐plane order of the {11‐1} crystals can be explained by a point‐on‐line coincidence I, which reveals that the interface is formed by undisturbed crystal surfaces. The epitaxial order of the {11‐2} oriented crystals is characterised by the experimental observation that low indexed crystal directions in the sexiphenyl(11‐2) plane and the muscovite(001) surface coincide with each other, forming a near‐coincidence case. Corrugations of the substrate surface are responsible for this second type of epitaxial order. Characteristic features in the thin film morphology could be correlated to the two observed epitaxial orientations of the sexiphenyl crystals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Global Ground‐Based Magnetometer Initiative
Authors: Gjerloev J. W. 
Published: July 2009

With the motto “Knowledge is the common wealth of humanity,” the 2007–2008 Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) advocated that scientists have the responsibility to create and implement strategies that utilize the full potential of digital capabilities in providing information for present and future generations.Although eGY has officially ended, the geomagnetic research community continues to support the goals of eGY through a global ground‐based magnetometer initiative. This initiative, called SuperMAG, helps scientists have easy access to measurements of the Earth's magnetic field.
An integrative computational model for intestinal tissue renewal
Authors: Van Leeuwen I. M. M. , Mirams G. R. , Walter A. , Fletcher A. , Murray P. , Osborne J. , Varma S. , Young S. J. , Cooper J. , Doyle B. , Pitt‐Francis J. , Momtahan L. , Pathmanathan P. , Whiteley J. P. , Chapman S. J. , Gavaghan D. J. , Jensen O. E. , King J. R. , Maini P. K. , Waters S. L. , Byrne H. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives:  The luminal surface of the gut is lined with a monolayer of epithelial cells that acts as a nutrient absorptive engine and protective barrier. To maintain its integrity and functionality, the epithelium is renewed every few days. Theoretical models are powerful tools that can be used to test hypotheses concerning the regulation of this renewal process, to investigate how its dysfunction can lead to loss of homeostasis and neoplasia, and to identify potential therapeutic interventions. Here we propose a new multiscale model for crypt dynamics that links phenomena occurring at the subcellular, cellular and tissue levels of organisation.Methods:  At the subcellular level, deterministic models characterise molecular networks, such as cell‐cycle control and Wnt signalling. The output of these models determines the behaviour of each epithelial cell in response to intra‐, inter‐ and extracellular cues. The modular nature of the model enables us to easily modify individual assumptions and analyse their effects on the system as a whole.Results:  We perform virtual microdissection and labelling‐index experiments, evaluate the impact of various model extensions, obtain new insight into clonal expansion in the crypt, and compare our predictions with recent mitochondrial DNA mutation data.Conclusions:  We demonstrate that relaxing the assumption that stem‐cell positions are fixed enables clonal expansion and niche succession to occur. We also predict that the presence of extracellular factors near the base of the crypt alone suffices to explain the observed spatial variation in nuclear beta‐catenin levels along the crypt axis.
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) oils obtained by fishmeal and ensilage processes: characteristics and lipid profiles
Authors: Crexi Valéria T. , Souza‐Soares Leonor A. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryFish oil is an important source of long‐chain ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The common carp (Cyprinus carp) is a major fish species in world aquaculture production. This study aimed towards obtaining carp viscera oil by ensilage and fishmeal processes. Characteristics of crude oils obtained were also compared with oil extracted by Bligh and Dyer methods. Crude oils obtained by the three processes resulted in significant difference (P < 0.05) for free fatty acids, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and Lovibond colour values; however, iodine and saponification values were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). Recovery yield of crude oils was approximately 85% in relation to carp viscera oil. Carp crude oils obtained by the ensilage and fishmeal processes resulted in high unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents (67.4%), and ω3/ω6 ratios around 1.15. These oils are applicable in fish diets; however, crude oils require refinement for human consumption.
Pretibial epidermolysis bullosa: is this case a new subtype with loss of types IV and VII collagen?
Authors: Lee Hong‐sun , Park Kun , Son Sook‐ja , Song Kye‐yong , Kim Seong Eon 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPretibial epidermolysis bullosa (PEB) is an extremely rare subtype of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB), in which recurrent blistering with scarring predominantly involves the pretibial skin. Nail dystrophy, albopapuloid lesions, and hypertrophic scars may also occur. In PEB, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies demonstrate the complete or partial loss of the anchoring fibril (AF) in the basement membrane zone, suggesting disturbed synthesis or excessive degradation of collagen VII, the main component of AF. Interestingly, we report a case of PEB with unusual results of joint loss of types IV and VII collagen.
Cutaneous manifestations of Corynebacterium jeikeium sepsis
Authors: Olson Jonathan M. , Nguyen Viet Q. , Yoo Jane , Kuechle Melanie K. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract Corynebacterium jeikeium is a rare but increasingly important cause of septicemia in neutropenic patients that can present with characteristic cutaneous findings. A 61‐year‐old man with myelodysplastic syndrome developed C. jeikeium sepsis and an erythematous papular eruption while neutropenic from induction chemotherapy. A review of the English language literature shows only six reported cases of hemorrhagic or erythematous papular eruption in C. jeikeium sepsis. The case is presented with an updated literature review of the history, risk factors, and treatment.
Intramuscular hemangiomas of the extremities: report of six cases
Authors: Ranero‐Juárez Alejandra Guadalupe , Rosales‐Galindo Víctor Manuel , León‐Takahashi Alberto Mitsuo , Arenas‐Guzmán Roberto , García Carlos 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  Hemangiomas are benign endothelial cell‐derived tumors that are present in 1–2% of newborns. They are most frequent in females. Eighty per cent are located in the head and neck region. Intramuscular hemangiomas represent 0.8% of all cases. They are characterized by rapid endothelial growth. Treatment is indicated for lesions that have an organic or visceral location or those that present with deformities.Methods  Six cases of intramuscular hemangioma are presented. They were collected during the period June 2003 to November 2005 from all surgical cases seen at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital General “Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Mexico City, Mexico. Their clinical appearance, treatment, and outcomes are discussed.Results  There were five women and one man with a mean age of 24.6 years (15–44 years). Two hemangiomas were located on the upper extremities and four on the lower extremities. All six patients were treated by surgical resection. Four cavernous hemangiomas were revealed during microscopic examination. At 1–3 years of follow‐up, there were no recurrences and the functional and aesthetic results were good.Conclusions  Intramuscular hemangiomas are rare. Lesions of the extremities are even rarer. Surgical excision in the six cases described here resulted in cure with good functional and cosmetic outcomes.
A fraction of deep vascular birthmarks are true deep hemangiomas of infancy
Authors: Lee Seok‐Jong , Shin Dong Ju , Kim Ho Youn , Lee Weon Ju , Kim Do Won , Chung Ho Yun , Baik Seung Kug , Lee Jong Min , Huh Seung , Yoon Ghil Suk 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  Deeply‐located vascular birthmarks have been traditionally regarded as being identical to a deep type of hemangioma of infancy (HOI). However, there is increasing evidence that some venous malformations also mimic these deep type of HOIs clinically. This study investigates how many, if not all, deep vascular birthmarks are deep type HOIs.Methods  Nineteen cases were selected on the basis of the clinical features of deeply‐located vascular birthmarks. Hematoxylin‐eosin slides were reviewed and immunohistochemistries were performed using CD31, D2‐40 and GLUT1 to confirm diagnoses before they were compared with the clinicoradiologic review by specialists other than dermatopathologists.Results  Only 4 patients out of a total of 19 cases were strongly positive for GLUT1 staining and turned out to be true deep HOIs. The remaining were comprised of 6 venous malformations (31.6%), 3 lymphatic malformations (15.8%), 1 glomangioma (5.3%) and 5 tufted angiomas (26.3%).Conclusion  It was demonstrated that all deeply‐located vascular birthmarks are not true deep HOIs. It is recommended that diagnosis for HOI be carried out cautiously earlier in life using GLUT1 in addition to clinical features. This would help prevent patients from being misled by anticipating the spontaneous involution in all deeply‐located vascular birthmarks.
Sporadic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with albopapuloid and prurigo‐ and folliculitis‐like lesions
Authors: Fan Yi‐Ming , Yang Yan‐Ping , Li Shun‐Fan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA case of sporadic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) with albopapuloid and prurigo‐ and folliculitis‐like lesions is reported. Histopathology of the scalp biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, a subepidermal cleft near the orifice of a hair follicle, dermal fibrosis, and a moderate perivascular and perifollicular lymphohistiocytic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the papillary dermis, without neutrophilic infiltrate in the orifice of the hair follicle. It is uncertain whether the present case should be classified as DEB pruriginosa or represents a new subtype of DEB.
Efficacy of dioic acid compared with hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma
Authors: Tirado‐Sánchez Andrés , Santamaría‐Román Aleida , Ponce‐Olivera Rosa María 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  Melasma is a common disorder of pigmentation characterized by relatively symmetric, brown or gray–brown patches on sun‐exposed facial areas. Hydroquinone, the most effective agent in melasma, is known to irritate the skin, and so new alternatives in the treatment of melasma are required. We sought to assess the clinical response of a new depigmenting agent in melasma.Methods  Ninety‐six Mexican female patients with melasma were enrolled in this open, comparative, 12‐week study. The patients received 1% dioic acid cream (twice daily) or 2% hydroquinone cream (twice daily).Results  There was a significant difference in the Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) scores from baseline to the end of the study using treatment with dioic acid (baseline, 14.52 3.4; after 12 weeks of treatment, 6.05 ± 1.2; P = 0.001) and hydroquinone (baseline, 15.22 ± 2.4; after 12 weeks of treatment, 6.34 ± 1.3; P = 0.001); however, there were no significant differences between treatments (baseline, P = 0.311; after 12 weeks of treatment, P = 0.287). The side‐effects were similar with both medications; however, pruritus was more common in patients using hydroquinone.Conclusions  Dioic acid is an effective and highly tolerated skin product, although further controlled, blind, multicenter studies are required to support these results.
5‐Fluorouracil superficial peel for multiple actinic keratoses
Authors: Bagatin Ediléia , Teixeira Solange P. , Hassun Karime M. , Pereira Taíse , Michalany Nilceo S. , Talarico Sergio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  Chronically photodamaged skin usually presents with multiple, widespread, actinic keratoses (AKs), and treatment of the entire affected area is recommended.Methods  We report our experience with a combination of Jessner’s solution or 70% glycolic acid (GA) with 5% 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) solution for superficial pulse peeling used in the treatment of widespread AKs in 31 patients. Pulse peelings were performed at biweekly intervals. The endpoint for treatment was complete or maximum clearance of the lesions at clinical evaluation. Pre‐ and post‐skin biopsy and histopathologic examination were performed in three patients for the purpose of demonstrating the pulse peel effects.Results  All patients achieved a satisfactory result, including the complete regression, or at least 80% clearing, of AK lesions and an overall improvement of photodamaged skin.Conclusion  We consider this superficial 5‐FU pulse peel to be a safe, well‐tolerated, very effective, and highly inexpensive therapeutic option for the treatment of multiple, diffuse AKs. Its benefit/cost ratio will be of interest to public health services, mainly in developing countries.
Genetic diversity and relatedness of rice cultivars resistant to straighthead disorder
Authors: Agrama Hesham A. , Yan WenGui 
Published: July 2009

With 4 figures and 3 tables SummaryStraighthead, a physiological disorder of rice (Oryza sativa L.), has been reported in numerous rice‐growing countries for its severe impact on yield reduction. Genetic diversity, relatedness and structure of parental germplasm are important for breeders to design strategies in breeding programmes. We analysed 1002 rice accessions that were sampled from the USDA core collection, evaluated for straighthead and genotyped with 72 molecular markers. Forty‐two accessions were resistant to straighthead with no yield reduction under severe infestation. The resistant cultivars originated from 15 countries in 10 geographic regions worldwide. The accessions had great diversification indicated by 15 phenotypic characteristics including all types of grain and cooking quality. The number of alleles averaged 5.9, and the 72 molecular markers were highly informative among the 42 resistant accessions. Thirty resistant accessions were identified as indica type and were clearly classified in two groups. Ten resistant cultivars were identified as temperate japonica and the other two were positioned between temperate and tropical japonica rice. Breeders worldwide could use these findings on phenotypic diversification and genetic relatedness among the straighthead resistant accessions in order to make germplasm choices for transferring straighthead resistance to their local cultivars, serving various needs on grain, cooking quality and genetic classification in their programmes.
On Future Household Structure
Authors: Alho Juha , Keilman Nico 
Published: July 2009

SummaryWe develop a method for computing probabilistic household forecasts which quantifies uncertainty in the future number of households of various types in a country. A probabilistic household forecast helps policy makers, planners and other forecast users in the fields of housing, energy, social security etc. in taking appropriate decisions, because some household variables are more uncertain than others. Deterministic forecasts traditionally do not quantify uncertainty. We apply the method to data from Norway. We find that predictions of future numbers of married couples, cohabiting couples and one-person households are more certain than those of lone parents and other private households. Our method builds on an existing method for computing probabilistic population forecasts, combining such a forecast with a random breakdown of the population according to household position (single, cohabiting, living with a spouse, living alone etc.). In this application, uncertainty in the total numbers of households of different types derives primarily from random shares, rather than uncertain future population size. A similar method could be applied to obtain probabilistic forecasts for other divisions of the population, such as household size, health or disability status, region of residence and labour market status.
Integration, Participation, Identity: Immigrant Associations in the Province of Milan
Authors: Caselli Marco 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe paper presents some results from a multi‐year research project on immigrant associations in the province of Milan, Italy. The analysis yields numerous issues for reflection and recurrent features of particular significance. The first is the fact that for all the associations surveyed, their main goal and the essential reason for their existence was the desire to integrate their community of membership into the host society. However, such integration did not consist in a desire to be assimilated into Italian society. Quite the opposite: the majority of the associations studied were wholly committed to maintaining ‐‐ and sometimes rediscovering ‐‐ the identity and culture of their reference community. The second main feature is that immigrant associations are crucial nodes in a dense network of relations involving numerous actors of very different kinds: the immigrants themselves, other immigrant associations, third‐sector organizations, and the local authorities. The third and final important issue concerns the representativeness of immigrant associations: whether, that is, they can be considered the legitimate representatives of the community of membership.
Workers’ Remittances to India: An Examination of Transfer Cost and Efficiency
Authors: Singh Bhupal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRegarding the time efficiency of remittance transfer channels to India, the evidence suggests that traditional banking instruments are relatively inefficient as compared to the new information technology‐enabled products. Transfer arrangement of the Indian banks with overseas exchange houses has reduced the settlement cycle and the cost. Both the banks and money transfer operators (MTOs) are able to keep the transaction cycle low through the use of information technology‐enabled formats. Given that the average cost curve of the banks is located to the right of the average cost curve of the MTOs, greater potential exists for the improvement in overall efficiency of the two entities, particularly through the sharing of messaging and the access and disbursement networks to reduce the overhead cost. The estimates of error correction model reveal that the transaction fee and payment infrastructure are significant determinants of remittance flows, underscoring the scope of policy measures in influencing remittance inflows. The estimates indicate that over the medium to long‐term horizon, transaction cost emerges as the most dominant variable explaining the variation in remittances. The payments infrastructure also explains about 10 per cent variation in remittances over the medium‐term. The impulse response analysis further reveals that the favourable shocks to transaction fees and the payments infrastructure cause steady improvement in remittance inflows over the medium‐term horizon, thus underlining the importance of cost and efficiency in affecting the workers’ remittances.
Dark impact and galactic star formation: origin of the Gould belt
Authors: Bekki Kenji 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The Milky Way has a giant stellar structure in the solar neighbourhood, which has a size of ∼1 kpc, a mass of ∼106 M⊙ and a ring-like distribution of young stars. Fundamental physical properties of this local enigmatic structure, known as the Gould belt (GB), have not been reproduced by previously proposed models. We first show that the local enigmatic structure could have formed about 30 Myr ago as a result of a high-speed, oblique collision between a gas cloud with a mass of ∼106 M⊙ and a dark matter clump with a mass of ∼107 M⊙ based on numerical simulations of the collision. We find that strong dynamical impact of the clump transforms the flattened cloud into a ring-like stellar structure after inducing star formation within the cloud. Our simulations furthermore demonstrate that the stellar structure is moderately elongated and significantly inclined with respect to the disc of the Milky Way owing to the strong tidal torque by the colliding clump. We thus suggest that the GB is one of the stellar substructures formed from collisions between gas clouds and dark matter clumps predicted in the hierarchical clustering scenario of galaxy formation. We also suggest that collisions of dark matter clumps with their host galaxies can significantly change star formation histories for some of their gas clouds, and thus influence galactic global star formation histories to some extent. Our simulations predict that unique giant stellar substructures recently discovered in other galaxies can result from dynamical impact of their dark matter clumps on their gas clouds.
INACTIVATION OFLISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES,SALMONELLA ENTERITIDISANDESCHERICHIA COLIO157:H7 AND SHELF LIFE EXTENSION OF FRESH‐CUT PEARS USING MALIC ACID AND QUALITY STABILIZING COMPOUNDS
Authors: RAYBAUDI‐MASSILIA ROSA M. , MOSQUEDA‐MELGAR JONATHAN , SOBRINO‐LÓPEZ ANGEL , MARTIN‐BELLOSO OLGA 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTInactivation ofListeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidisandEscherichia coliO157:H7 and shelf life extension of fresh‐cut pears using malic acid (MA) and quality stabilizing compounds (N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, glutathione and calcium lactate; CGLW) were investigated. Trays of treated fresh‐cut pears were wrap sealed with a thick polypropylene film (64 µm) semipermeable to water vapor, O2and CO2, and stored at 5C for 30 days. Changes in headspace gas, firmness and color of the fresh‐cut pears were also determined. Large reductions ofL. monocytogenes(6.57 log10 cfu/g),S. enteritidis(6.60 log10 cfu/g) andE. coliO157:H7 (2.62 log10 cfu/g) just after processing were achieved in those fresh‐cut pears dipped in CGLW + MA. Microbiological shelf life of pear pieces dipped in CGLW + MA was extended by more than 21 days in comparison with those cut pears immersed in water used as control sample. Lower consumption of O2and production of CO2, ethylene and ethanol of fresh‐cut pears dipped in CGLW + MA were also observed. In addition, the color and firmness of pear pieces in CGLW + MA were maintained by more than 21 days in comparison with control samples. In conclusion, the combination of MA with quality stabilizing compounds can be a good alternative for assuring the safety and quality of fresh‐cut pears.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of natural substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) such as malic acid and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, glutathione and calcium lactate as antimicrobials and quality stabilizing compounds, respectively, can result suitable to fresh‐cut products industry, since they can assure the safety and quality of those products, while improving their sensory attributes and maintaining the fresh‐like and healthy properties of these products greatly demanded by the consumers.