bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of runoff regime type on a macroinvertebrate‐based flow index in rivers of British Columbia (Canada)
Authors: Armanini D. G. , Monk W. A. , Tenenbaum D. E. , Peters D. L. , Baird D. J. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic pressure on flow regimes has been recognized as a significant threat to the health of rivers in Canada and elsewhere. Yet while we know that the historical hydrological conditions prevailing at river sites can be assigned to runoff regime types, the implications of this hydrological structure on biological community composition have been poorly studied. Here we support the improvement of guidelines for flow management by exploring the relationship between biota and runoff regime types for selected rivers in British Columbia. One thousand six hundred biological samples were extracted from Environment Canada's Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network (CABIN) database and a matching procedure was undertaken to associate biological samples to the long‐term hydrometric monitoring stations stored in the HYDAT National Water Data Archive. A practical approach for spatial matching of hydrometric and biomonitoring sites was presented, which permitted matching of a sufficient number of samples to assess the structure of biological communities across the four regime types identified. By examining multivariate and univariate biological descriptors, including the recently developed Canadian Ecological Flow Index, differences in macroinvertebrate community composition between the runoff regimes were observed. In conclusion, we have developed a practical approach to match hydrological and biomonitoring data and we have forwarded guidelines on how to improve integration between hydrometric and biomonitoring networks. Moreover, we have provided the first ecological validation of runoff regime types in Canada, confirming the need to account for antecedent hydrological conditions in the assessment of ecological quality using biomonitoring data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Crown in the right of Canada
The impact of pine beetle infestation on snow accumulation and melt in the headwaters of the Colorado River
Authors: Pugh Evan , Small Eric 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe mountain pine beetle is killing many trees in Colorado's high‐elevation forests. The thinned canopies found in dead tree stands should intercept less snow and transmit more radiation than canopies in living forests, altering snow accumulation and melt processes. We compare snow, forest, and meteorological properties beneath living and pine beetle‐killed tree stands. Eight pairs of living and dead tree stands were monitored over two years along the headwaters of the Colorado River. During year one, all eight dead stands were in the red phase of tree death — the trees still retained needles. Snow accumulation was the same under living and red phase stands, but snow melt was more rapid in red phase stands. As a result, the snowpack was depleted one week earlier in the red phase stands. Canopy shortwave transmission was not higher in red phase stands. We hypothesize that the faster melt and earlier depletion in red phase stands was caused by accelerated needle loss which lowers the albedo of the snow surface. By year two, many of the dead trees had progressed to the needle‐less grey phase of tree death. Snow accumulation in grey phase stands was 15% higher than in paired living stands. Snow in grey phase stands melted more rapidly than in living stands, likely as a result of increased canopy shortwave transmission. We combine our results with those from previous studies to develop a conceptual model that describes how beetle infestation affects snow accumulation and melt in the different stages of mortality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diatom sensitivity to hydrological and nutrient variability in a subtropical, flood‐pulse wetland
Authors: Mackay Anson W. , Davidson Thomas , Wolski Piotr , Woodward Selina , Mazebedi Richard , Masamba Wellington R. L. , Todd Martin 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe principal aim of this study was to disentangle hydrochemical influences on primary producers in a pristine, flood‐pulse ecosystem. This was undertaken by analysing diatoms from 100 sample points from hydrologically distinct regions in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Cluster analysis was undertaken using two‐way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and groups used to classify sample points in a principal components analysis (PCA) biplot. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed using hydrological data and diatom guilds as explanatory variables. A series of ordinations using redundancy analysis (RDA) was undertaken to assess which variables significantly accounted for diatom variation across the Delta. Species‐response curves for major taxa were generated using generalized additive models (GAMs). Cluster analysis revealed six distinct groups. Groups 5 and 6 consisted mainly of seasonally inundated floodplain sites, which lay at one end of a significant gradient revealed by PCA. Floodplain diatoms were characteristically N‐heterotrophs, requiring elevated concentrations of key resources such as total nitrogen (TN) and SiO2. Using forward selection, constrained RDA reveals five variables were significant in explaining diatom distributions across the Delta: hydroperiod class, flood frequency, flow velocity and nutrients SiO2 and TN. Species‐response curves show that motile diatoms were most abundant in seasonally inundated floodplains. Species diversity was significantly higher in the upper Panhandle region of the Delta, which may be related to moderate levels of disturbance and increased resource limitation. Species diversity was significantly lower during the period of maximum flood extent, which may in turn be related to fewer limiting resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enyne‐Metathesis‐Based Tandem Processes
Authors: Li Jingwei , Lee Daesung 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEnyne metathesis is a powerful synthetic tool for generating 1,3‐dienes by redistributing unsaturated functionalities between an alkene and an alkyne via vinylalkylidene intermediates. Although less explored, enyne metathesis has a unique capacity for forming multiple C=C bonds and polycyclic systems in a tandem fashion. By exploiting these characteristics, various tandem reactions have been developed and applied to the synthesis of natural and unnatural products. This microreview recapitulates the recent advances in enyne‐metathesis‐based tandem processes under two main categories: Enyne metathesis/metathesis and enyne metathesis/nonmetathesis.
Ruthenium‐Catalysed Epimerisation of Carbohydrate Alcohols as a Method to Determine the Equilibria for Epimer Interconversion in Hexopyranosides
Authors: Ramstadius Clinton , Träff Annika M. , Krumlinde Patrik , Bäckvall Jan‐E. , Cumpstey Ian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRuthenium‐catalysed epimerisation of secondary carbohydrate alcohols was used to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium between non‐anomeric epimers of partially protected glucose, mannose and allose derivatives. A cyclopentadienylruthenium catalyst was used to epimerise each of two pure epimeric alcohols in two separate experiments. The epimerisation reactions were run until the same ratio of epimers was obtained from the two experiments.
C‐5 Modified S‐Benzoxazolyl Sialyl Donors: Towards More Efficient Selective Sialylations
Authors: Harris Benjamin N. , Patel Payal P. , Gobble Chase P. , Stark Matthew J. , De Meo Cristina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe previously reported that the selective activation of an S‐benzoxazolyl (SBox) sialyl donor over a galactosyl acceptor equipped with a thioethyl anomeric moiety can be performed in high yield but with poor stereoselectivity. To optimize this strategy, which allows the synthesis of complex carbohydrates to be shortened, a range of SBox sialyl donors modified at C‐5 were synthesized and tested. In particular, the combination of the SBox leaving group and an oxazolidinone at C‐4,5 allowed superior stereocontrol in various solvents and at different temperatures. Nearly complete stereoselectivity was obtained in the presence of bismuth(III) triflate in a dichloromethane/tetrahydrofuran (1:1) solvent system.
Alkynylboronates and ‐boramides in CoI‐ and RhI‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions: Construction of Oligoaryls through Selective Suzuki Couplings (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2011)
Authors: Iannazzo Laura , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the stepwise construction of oligoaryls, which is illustrated by three construction steps of the main tower of our University. Compounds bearing different borylated groups were constructed by Co‐ or Rh‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition and were subjected to site‐selective Suzuki cross‐couplings. Details are discused in the article by C. Aubert, V. Gandon et al. on p. 3283 ff.
Study on availability and issues of evacuation using stopped escalators in a subway station
Authors: Kadokura Hiroyuki , Sekizawa Ai , Takahashi Wataru 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYRecent years have seen an increasing number of deep subway stations, and many of the existing stations have been made progressively barrier free. This has been accompanied by the installation of more and more escalators, and often existing stairways have been converted to escalators. This has resulted in fewer egress paths in an emergency case. Considering this background, firstly, a crowd walking experiment using stopped escalators was conducted in order to get the base data, for example, on obtained walking speed, for the parameters in the evacuation simulation of several fire scenarios in a typical subway station. Secondly, a smoke movement simulation of the metro fire scenarios was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the smoke model in a two‐layer zone model. Finally, based on the results of the evacuation and smoke simulations of the chosen subway station, we examined the availability and the issues of evacuation using stopped escalators. As a result, it was found that the evacuation potential of passengers on a platform is considerably improved if escalators are permitted in addition to stairs for emergency evacuation. Several issues to be considered for the safe operation of escalators are identified. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new reactor coupling heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalytic oxidation with membrane separation for degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , He Chun , Sharma Virender‐Kumar , Li Xiang‐Zhong , Tian Shuang‐Hong , Xiong Ya 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is growing interest in employing heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalysts in slurry to obtain higher activity. However, fine size particles create problems associated with recovery from the treated water. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a novel Fenton‐like process that not only has high degradation efficiency of organic pollutants, but also allows for easily reusing the catalysts.RESULT: A new reactor was investigated by coupling the heterogeneous Fenton‐like oxidation with membrane separation. Results showed that the FeY catalyst could be almost filtrated by a submerged micro‐filtration membrane in the reactor to continuously activate H2O2. For a FeY dose of 1 g L−1 and a residence time of 120 min, the degradation efficiency of AO II reached 97%.CONCLUSIONS: In the new reactor, degradation of AO II occurred continuously and efficiently without an additional FeY separation process. The treatment capacity of this FeY catalyst for wastewater containing 100 mg L−1 AO II in the reactor was estimated to be 82 times that of a reactor in which the catalyst could not be reused. The distinguishing technical feature of this reactor was the reuse of the Fenton‐like catalyst. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography for the assessment of peripheral vasomotor response in an elderly population
Authors: Chang Ke‐Vin , Wu Chueh‐Hung , Wang Tyng‐Guey , Hsiao Ming‐Yen , Yeh Tian‐Shin , Chen Wen‐Shiang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose:To assess sympathetic vasomotor activity and its changes with age, using pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound.Methods:We recruited 20 young adults (24–37 years old) and 20 older individuals (60–81 years old). Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound was applied over the right radial artery to measure blood flow at rest and after a voluntary inspiratory cough eliciting sympathetic activation. The maximal (Vmax), minimal (Vmin), time‐averaged (TAMaxV) blood flow velocity, and the pulsatility index (PI) were calculated and compared between groups.Results:At rest, PI was similar in both groups but Vmax and TAMaxV were higher in the older group (p < 0.05). Vmax, Vmin, and TAMaxV decreased, and PI increased after inspiratory cough in both groups (p ≤ 0.001), but this increase was lower in the older group (p < 0.001). TAMaxV after coughing was higher in the older group (p < 0.05). Heart rate did not differ significantly within or between groups.Conclusions:The older group exhibited reduced vasomotor reactivity of the radial artery after sympathetic stimulus. Peripheral vasomotor response should be interpreted with caution in elderly populations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Sonographic findings of a Bochdalek hernia: The importance of ring‐down artifacts
Authors: Yang Dal Mo , Kim Hyun Cheol , Jin Wook 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBochdalek hernia is the most common congenital diaphragmatic hernia. It may be incidentally identified on CT. We report the sonographic findings in a case of Bochdalek hernia, which showed ring‐down artifact posterior to the herniated intra‐abdominal fat. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011.
Determination of sudan dyes in red wine and fruit juice using ionic liquid‐based liquid–liquid microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Sun Shuo , Wang Ying , Yu Wenzhi , Zhao Tianqi , Gao Shiqian , Kang Mingqin , Zhang Yupu , Zhang Hanqi , Yu Yong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe liquid–liquid microextraction (LLME) was developed for extracting sudan dyes from red wine and fruit juice. Room temperature ionic liquid was used as the extraction solvent. The target analytes were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The extraction parameters were optimized. The optimal conditions are as follows: volume of [C6MIM][PF6] 50 μL; the extraction time 10 min; pH value of the sample solution 7.0; NaCl concentration in sample solution 5%. The extraction recoveries for the analytes in red wine and fruit samples are 86.79–108.28 and 68.54–85.66%, whereas RSDs are 1.42–5.12 and 1.43–6.19%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.428 and 1.426 ng/mL for sudan I, 0.938 and 3.127 ng/mL for sudan II, 1.334 and 4.445 ng/mL for sudan III, 1.454 and 4.846 ng/mL for sudan IV, respectively. Compared with conventional liquid–liquid extraction (CLLE) and ultrasonic extraction (UE), when LLME was applied, the sample amount was less (LLME: 4 mL; CLLE: 10 mL; UE: 10 mL), the extraction time was shorter (LLME: 15 min; CLLE: 110 min; UE: 50 min) and the extraction solvent amount was less (LLME: 0.05 mL IL; CLLE: 15 mL hexane; UE: 20 mL hexane). The proposed method offers a simple, rapid and efficient sample preparation for determining sudan dyes in red wine and fruit juice samples.
A high‐resolution capillary isoelectric focusing method for the determination of therapeutic recombinant monoclonal antibody
Authors: Lin Jun , Tan Qingqiao , Wang Shaoxiong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCapillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) is a common choice for separation and analysis of the charge variants and impurities of therapeutic proteins. In this study, we developed a sensitive CIEF analysis method for determining the charge heterogeneity of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) using Beckman PA800 plus platform. The mixture of 5% Pharmalyte 8–10.5 and 1% Pharmalyte 3–10 was used to overcome the limitation of using single Pharmalyte 3–10 in detecting charge heterogeneity of basic mAb. This approach largely improved the resolution of the heterogeneous peaks. In addition, 3 M urea and 50 mM arginine (Arg) were used to improve the separation as solubilizer and cathodic stabilizer, respectively. Under optimized condition, both acidic and basic peaks of the mAb were separated well. Method qualification results showed good specificity, precision, and linearity within the concentration range of 0.03–0.20 mg/mL for mAb R1. The method was then used for C‐terminal lysine (Lys) variants characterization and glycosylation profiles analysis. Furthermore, it also had a wide application in the clone screening process. The highly sensitive and repeatable results highlighted the wide application prospects of this method in biopharmaceutical industry.
Identification of hemocyanin as a novel non‐cross‐reactive allergen from the giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Piboonpocanun Surapon , Jirapongsananuruk Orathai , Tipayanon Thitinun , Boonchoo Siribangon , Goodman Richard E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScope: Sensitization to giant freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr) was recently reported. However, the allergens have yet to be identified. This study aimed to identify and characterize a novel allergen of Mr shrimp.Methods and results: Extracted proteins were separated and purified by anion and in some experiments, size‐exclusion chromatography. Serum IgE from shrimp allergic donors identified a candidate protein, which was characterized by LC‐MS/MS. The specificity of IgE binding was tested using immunoblotting and inhibition ELISA. The IgE‐binding profiles from 12 of 13 Mr allergic subjects that were pre‐incubated with an extract of Penaeus monodon showed residual binding to ∼60–80 kDa proteins. The 60–80 kDa IgE‐bound proteins were fractionated in the flow‐through of anion chromatography showing a high IgE reactivity. Peptides identified by LC‐MS/MS showed the proteins closely match subunits of hemocyanin (Hcs). Purified Hcs from hemolymph markedly inhibited binding of IgE from sera of Mr allergic subjects to solid‐phased Mr proteins in inhibition ELISA.Conclusion: Hcs were identified as heat‐stable, non‐cross‐reactive, high‐molecular‐weight (MW) allergens from Mr shrimp. Since circulatory organs are not always removed during food preparation, high concentrations of Hcs may be present along with shrimp meat, which contains the known cross‐reactive tropomyosin protein.
Effect of surface modification of fly ash reinforced in polyetheretherketone composites
Authors: Parvaiz M. Rahail , Mahanwar P.A. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFly ash reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites were fabricated using compression molding technique. The fly ash surface was chemically modified using vinyltrimethoxy silane and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxy silane. The properties of treated fly ash PEEK composites were examined in terms of scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermo gravimetric analysis. The modified fly ash was observed to disperse more uniformly than the unmodified counterpart. The tensile strength and modulus also improved with treated fly ash filled PEEK composites. The increment of the dynamic modulus for the PEEK/treated fly ash composites is 32% at 250°C, indicating apparent improvement of high temperature mechanical properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Mechanical properties, thermal stability, and crystallization kinetics of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate)/calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Ding Yongchao , He Jianyun , Yang Yaya , Cui Shujun , Xu Kaitian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBacterial polyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3/4HB) containing 5 mol% 4HB was composited with different calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers. The effect of CaCO3 contents on thermal properties, mechanical property, and crystallization kinetics was evaluated. The thermal stability of P3/4HB was reduced by mixing with CaCO3 particles. With increasing CaCO3 content, the elongation at break, tensile strength, and impact strength decrease; however, elastic modulus increases. When P3/4HB with 20 mol% 4HB was added into the P3/4HB/CaCO3 composite, the impact strength were enhanced significantly; however, the elongation at break and tensile strength were only slight to moderate improvements. However, when compared with nano‐ and light‐CaCO3, heavy CaCO3 had the best mechanical properties. The nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization results demonstrated that the crystallization rate of P3/4HB was reduced and the highest crystallinity was obtained for all kinds of CaCO3 fillers at 40 phr content. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prenatal assessment and management of sacrococcygeal teratoma
Authors: Gucciardo Leonardo , Uyttebroek Anne , De Wever Ivo , Renard Marleen , Claus Filip , Devlieger Roland , Lewi Liesbeth , De Catte Luc , Deprest Jan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is one of the most common tumors in newborns with a birth prevalence of up to 1 in 21 700 births. Routine fetal anomaly screening programs allow for prenatal diagnosis in many cases. Fetal ultrasound with Doppler evaluation and more recently magnetic resonance imaging may be used to document the extent of the tumor as well as identifying the population at risk for serious fetal complications. Rapidly growing SCT and highly vascularized tumors are more likely to have hemodynamic repercussions. Fetal hydrops is usually considered as a poor prognostic marker and a potential indicator for fetal intervention. Newborns with SCT require stabilization prior to early surgical resection. In case of malignancy additional chemotherapy may be required. SCT may result in significant morbidity, either directly or as a consequence of surgical therapy. Careful postnatal follow‐up is required for timely identification and treatment of complications as well as recurrence. This paper aims to review the perinatal management of this condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular design and density functional theory investigation of novel low‐band‐gap copolymers between quinoid acceptors and aromatic donors
Authors: Ou Pansheng , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Xie Xiaohua , Zeng Chenglu , Li Ming 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe structures and electronic properties of furo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐based alternating donor and acceptor conjugated oligomers, in which furan and pyrrole are used as donors, and their periodic polymers were investigated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. The bond lengths, bond length alternation, bond critical point (BCP) properties, nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) and Wiberg bond index (WBI) were analyzed and correlated with conduction properties. The changes of bond length, BCP properties, NICS and WBI all show that the degree of conjugation increases with main chain extension. The changes of NICS also show that the conjugation is stronger in the central section than in the outer section. Hydrogen bonding interactions and nitrogen atom substitution in the acceptors play very important roles in the geometries, electronic structures and energy gaps. The theoretical results suggest that pyrrole‐based polymers are good candidates for conducting materials, compared with furan‐based polymers. With an increase of nitrogen atom substitution in the acceptors in these polymers, the intermolecular charge transfers along the polymeric axes are enhanced, and the bond length alternations and HOMO–LUMO energy gap for these polymers are decreased. The results suggest that the six polymers studied all have lower energy gaps (in the range 0.81–1.26 eV), which indicate that these proposed polymers are good candidates for n‐doping conductive materials, especially poly(7‐(furan‐2‐yl)furo[3,4‐e][1,2,4]triazine) and poly(7‐(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)furo[3,4‐e][1,2,4]triazine). Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry