bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA—Dw4 and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Thomsen M. , Morling N. , Snorrason E. , Svejgaard A. , Sørensen S. F. 
Published: July 2010

Forty‐seven patients with a “definite” or “classical” rheumatoid arthritis according to the ARA criteria were typed for the serologically detectable HLA—A, —B, and —C antigens and 36 of these patients were typed for the HLA—D antigens, Dw1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8 by the MLC technique.The frequency of Dw4 was increased to 44.4% in the patients compared to 17.2% in normal controls (P= 8 × 10−4). The frequency of Dw1 and Dw7 was also increased although this was only of borderline significance. The frequency of Dw2 was remarkably low, especially in females, which is of interest, as the same antigen has a low frequency in some other autoimmune diseases.No significant deviations of the frequencies of HLA—A, —B, and —C antigens were found in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
HLA‐SB in the south of France. Correlation between locally derived and reference typing reagents
Authors: BOURGUE F. , CHARMOT D. , MERCIER P. , TONGIO M. M. , SHAW S. , MAWAS C. 
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐D region of the Major Histocompatibility Complex has been subdivided since 1978 (Mawas et al. 1978) into two subregions separable by recombination: a telomeric subregion (closer to HLA‐B), coding for the classical HLA‐DR or Dw specificities (Mawas et al. 1980) as well as for the more recent MT series (Park et al. 1980); and a centromeric subregion (closer to GLO), coding for a new series of alleles provisionally named SB (for secondary B cell antigens) (Shaw et al. 1980, 1981a). Reagents allowing the identification of six independent alleles have been characterized in two laboratories (Charmot et al. 1980 and Shaw et al. 1980, 1981b) using the technology of primed lymphocytes typing (Sheehy et al. 1975; Mawas et al. 1975).The existence of this new locus is supported by the following arguments: population studies by Shaw demonstrating five traits distinct from DR behaving as alleles (Shaw et al. 1981b), analysis of two informative SB/DR recombinant families (Mawas et al. 1978; Mawas et al. 1980; Shaw et al. 1981a), and, finally, studies of mutants showing independent loss of DR expression without loss of SB expression (Kavathas et al. 1981).The present report summarizes the HLA‐SB typing of 109 unrelated individuals from the South of France and segregation studies in 14 unrelated families; a first attempt to correlate local “SB” reagents with the NIH reference standards is presented.
HLA antigens and congenital dislocation of the hip
Authors: ZERVAS J , ZOUBOPOULOS H , CONSTANTOPOULOS C , THEODOROU S. D , TOUBIS M , FESSAS PH 
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐A and B phenotypes of 42 Greek children with CDH were determined and compared to those of 400 controls.A significant deviation of the frequency of the antigen HLA‐A1, (Pc < 0.003) was noted.It is suggested that immunogenetic factors are contributing to the development of the disease.
HLA and Kaposi's sarcoma in Sardinia
Authors: CONTU L. , CERIMELE D. , PINTUS A. , COTTONI F. , LA NASA G. 
Published: July 2010

Twelve Sardinian patients affected by histologically defined classic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were HLA‐A, B, C and DR typed.Compared to 220 age and ethnically matched healthy controls, KS patients showed a significant increase in HLA‐DR5 (66.6 vs 23.1%, P < 0.001) and a considerable decrease in HLA‐DR3 (8.3 vs 53.6%, P = 0.0055).No definite association was observed for other HLA antigens. These results confirm the existence of an HLA associated genetic control of KS susceptibility and support the hypothesis that HLA‐DR5 plays the role of a predisposition marker while HLA‐DR3 bears a genetic resistance to the disease.
HLA and multiple sclerosis: population and families study
Authors: Govaerts A. , Gony J. , Martin‐Mondière C. , Poirier J. C. , Schmid M. , Schuller E. , Degos J. D. , Dausset J. 
Published: July 2010

Association between HLA and multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated at the population level on 100 MS patients genotyped for HLA‐A, B, C, DR and Bf, Glo, and on 155 patients phenotyped for the same HLA antigens. Association between MS and DR2 was clearly confirmed, although its strength is rather weak. No other genetic marker could be related to the disease, no haplotype nor any allelic combination could be recognized as MS specific, and antigen genotype frequencies among the diseased could not ascertain the mode of inheritance, although dominance is very likely.Computer analysis between HLA, Bf, Glo and age of the patient, sex, age of onset and evolution of MS, impairment indexes, titres of anti‐DNA and anti‐measles antibodies in CSF did not show any interaction.Twenty sib pairs and two trios of MS were also studied; they showed no significant distortion with the random distribution of haplotypes. DR2 gene frequency, however, was significantly higher in sib pairs showing one or two haplotypes than in HLA different affected siblings. Three crossing‐overs were identified which suggest where the HLA‐linked MS susceptibility (MSS) gene could be located within the HLA segment, while other epistatic MSS genes or environmental factors are likely to be important.
Study of HLA antigens of the Martinican population
Authors: Monplaisir Nicole , Valette Ignez , Lepage Virginia , Dijon Veronique , Lavocat Elizabeth , Ribal Colette , Raffoux Colette 
Published: July 2010

This is the first time a study has been undertaken on the HLA profile of the Martinican population, a population which is essentially the product of intermixture betweenAfrican‐Negroes and French Caucasians. Two hundred and thirty‐eight non‐related subjects were typed for the A and B loci, 158 subjects for C locus and 128 for DR locus.After analysis of our parameters (antigen and gene frequencies, linkage disequili‐bria, etc.) and their comparison to those found in the Black and Caucasian control populations, we came to the conclusion that our racially‐mixed population is closer to the African‐Negro population than to the French Caucasian. A study of the average gene flow enabled us to evaluate the Caucasian contribution as being about 30%. This figure is subject to change inasmuch as racial intermixture continues. Socio‐cultural variables are assumed to play a minimal role, given the high rate of illegitimacy.
A monoclonal antibody detecting an HLA‐DQwl‐related determinant
Authors: Raghoebar Joan , Schreuder Geziena M. T. , Schuurman Ruud , Bruning Hans 
Published: July 2010

A complement fixing monoclonal antibody (moab) was prepared which reacts with a polymorphic determinant on HLA class II molecules. The moab IIB3 recognises all DQwl (DO, MB1, LB‐E12) positive cells as well as some DR4, DR7, DRw8 and DRw9 positive cells. The moab reacts mainly with B‐cells and not or with only a minority of the monocytes. Segregation of the determinant with HLA‐DR could be shown. The determinant is strongly expressed on DR2, DR4 and DRw6 positive cell lines but only weakly on DR1 lines.In contrast to a monoclonal antibody against a monomorphic determinant on class II molecules IIB3 did not give a distinct inhibition of the MLC nor did it inhibit the generation of CTLs in MLC as has been described for the DQwl like moab BT 3/4 (Corte et al. 1982). Immunoprecipitation indicates that IIB3 reacts with DQ‐like molecules.
Three‐locus haplotype interactions in the analysis of linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Nijenhuis L. E. , D'amaro J. 
Published: July 2010

We have shown that the application of Piazza's formula for the estimation of the “three‐locus interaction delta” should not be used for that purpose. In addition, the method of Porta & McHugh, for the demonstration of haplotype interaction in associations between HLA and disease, leads to completely erroneous conclusions. Other methods of calculation that have been used to analyse haplotype interactions also appear to be based on erroneous concepts.We suggest that nothing more than the estimation of heterogeneity in simple 2x2 contingency tables should be used for the analysis of linkage disequilibria. This principle is applied to the HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C haplotype frequency tables of Baur & Danilovs. For the greater part of the HLA‐B alleles, three‐locus haplotype frequencies can be explained from the A, B and the B, C disequilibria, without any further haplotype interactions. The predominant exceptions in that respect are ha‐plotypes containing the B44 allele, which has been shown to contain two subgroups and therefore, we are not justified to conclude that this exceptional behaviour of haplotypes with B44 should be attributed to three‐locus haplotype interactions.
HLA‐B POT: a new HLA‐antigen within the B7‐cross reactive group
Authors: Reekers P. , van der Beucken M. , Andrien M. , Beelen J. , Mueller‐Eckhardt G. , Th. Schreuder G. M. 
Published: July 2010

In this report, a new HLA‐B locus antigen is described (tentatively called POT). The antigen has been identified with antisera against the antigens that belong to the B7‐cross reacting group.In a collaborative study, based on exchange of cells and sera, it was confirmed by population and family studies that the antigen is distinct from B7, Bw42 or Bw73 and is associated with Bw6.In absorption experiments with EBV‐transformed cell lines, the POT‐antigens removes preferentially anti‐B7, Bw42 and Bw73 activity and to a lesser extent antibodies reactive with the B40 CREG‐antigens.
An overview of the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the HLA‐D region: its application to individual D‐, DR‐ typing by computerized analyses
Authors: Tilanus Marcel G. J. , Hongming Fei , van Eggermond Marja C. J. A. , Bijl Mara v.d. , D'Amaro Joe , Th. Schreuder Geziena M. , de Vries René R. P. , Giphart Marius J. 
Published: July 2010

HLA‐D/DR alleles as defined by cellular and serological typing can also be identified by biochemical methods. The Southern blot technique provides an additional typing facility which can be applied to DNA obtained from any source of nucleated cells. The polymorphism revealed by Southern blot analyses, the so‐called restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), depends upon the restriction enzyme and cDNA probes used. To identify HLA‐DR specificities a protocol was developed based on the use of the results of southern blot analyses with several restriction enzymes and cDNA probes within a panel of HLA‐D/DR homozygous cells representing the DR1 to DRw8 alleles.First, hybridizations with the 3’untranslated sequence of the DRβ cDNA probe, after digestion of the DNA with PvuII (PvuII‐DRβ3′) allows the selective identification of DR1, DR2 and DRw8; DR3, DR5 and DRw6 are found as one group as well as DR4 and DR7 as another. Second, TaqI‐DQα hybridization allows the splitting of DRw6‐Dw18, DRw6‐Dw19 and DRw6‐Dw9 from the DR3, DR5 and DRw6 group. The other alleles DR3, DR4, DR5, DRw6‐Dw16 and DR7 are revealed by dehybridization and rehybridization of the blot with a DRβ cDNA probe. This protocol was used to test whether in a panel of 30 randomly chosen individuals the HLA‐DR typing could be performed. The results were highly concordant to the serotyping. Furthermore by adding the Pst‐DRβ and TaqI‐DQα RFLPs, most of the MLC defined Dw specificities could also be identified. An overview of the specific fragments described here has been summarized in matrices which can be used as references for DNA‐typing in computerized analyses.
Expression of class I‐MHC antigens by cultured human epidermis and epidermal allografts
Authors: Mauduit G. , Vincen CL. , Gielen V. , Faure M. , Demidem A. , Thivolet J. 
Published: July 2010

In vitro grown class II‐MHC antigen free epidermal sheets were used as epidermal allografts (EAG) across a major histocompatibility barrier in 20 non‐immuno‐suppressed recipients suffering from leg ulcers.Class I antigens were expressed on cell membranes of basal cell layer only on the epidermal sheets. After grafting, patchy areas of membrane fluorescence were observed among cells from the suprabasal layers on the epidermis from skin biopsies taken between days 5 and 28. All cells of the basal and the suprabasal layers expressed class I antigens on biopsies taken after day 28, as on normal human epider. mis.This work demonstrates that class I antigens are expressed by epidermal cells in cultures used for grafting. The absence of rejection cannot be explained by the absence of class I‐MHC antigens in EAG.
HLA‐A,B,C and DR antigens in a sample of the Tunisian population
Authors: Ayed KH. , Bardi R. , Gebuhrer L. , Gorgi Y. , Betuel H. 
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐A, B and DR phenotypes of 109 unrelated Tunisian individuals have been determined. The HLA‐A and B antigen frequencies were compared with data reported for European Caucasoids and various Arab populations.Most similarities in antigen frequencies were seen between Tunisians and Kabyles from North Africa. A high frequency of HLA‐A23 and HLA‐Bw50 was observed in Tunisians and all Arab populations. A very close similarity in HLA‐DR antigen frequencies exists between Tunisians and European Caucasoids. Linkage disequilibria between alleles of HLA loci were examined; many instances of previously reported antigen associations were seen in Tunisians, together with a number of associations which have not been described elsewhere. Aw34B8 and A2DRw14 are suggested as being common haplotypes in Tunisians.
Binding, uptake and degradation of human recombinant interleukin‐2 (125 ala) in activated human T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and in monocyte‐macrophages
Authors: Petersen C. M. , Christiansen B. S. , Kaltoft K. 
Published: July 2010

High‐affinity receptors for IL‐2 (ala 125) were demonstrated in PHA‐, antigenandor alloantigen‐activated human T‐cells (both proliferative and cytotoxic), in PWM‐activated human B‐cells and in human monocyte‐macrophages.Binding in PHA‐blasts was irreversible and Ca++‐independent, and labelled IL‐2 (ala 125) bound at 4°C could not be removed by trypsin treatment. Binding was strongly pH‐dependent, and lowering of pH caused release of nearly all cell associated radioactivity at 4°C. In T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, additional binding at high ligand concentrations was accounted for by receptors of much lower affinity. Binding lo low‐affinity receptors appeared reversible. At 4°C, 2.2 pM labelled IL‐2 (ala 125) bound to PHA‐blasts (3.6 × 106/ml) with a half time of about 15 min, and the association rate constant was approximately 8 × 109 M‐1 min‐1. The number of high affinity receptors per T‐cell was determined as 9.7 ± 0.5 × 102.At 37°C, 60% of the tracer bound at 4°C was rapidly internalized (Kint = 0.89 × 10‐1 min‐1), and radioactivity comprising small MW products and iodotyrosine was released following a sigmoidal curve after a 20 min lag period. Similar results were obtained in PWM‐activated B‐lymphocytes and in cultured monocytes.It is concluded that high‐affinity receptors mediate binding, uptake and degradation of IL‐2 in activated human T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and in monocyte‐macrophages.
Anti‐BoLA‐w8 monoclonal antibody: production of a tissue typing reagent after blocking monomorphic sites on bovine mononuclear cells
Authors: Splitter G. , Burkholder J. , O'Reilly K. , Janzer A. 
Published: July 2010

A murine monoclonal antibody, WIM‐8 with specificity for BoLA‐w8, was generated after using an immunization protocol designed to reduce the response to bovine monomorphic determinants. BoLA‐w8/w9 peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were incubated with an antiserum from mice immunized with BoLA‐w10/w20 PBM cells. Splenocytes from a mouse that received three intravenous injections of the treated cells were fused with murine myelomas.A hybridoma supernatant with alloreactivity in ELISA against BoLA‐w8 positive but not BoLA‐w8 negative PBM cells was tested for lymphocytotoxicity in parallel with parous alloantisera. WIM‐8, an IgG2b monoclonal antibody, identified the 44 000 dalton protein of the bovine MHC class I molecule present onBos taurusandBos indicusanimals.
Alloantibody responses in multiply transfused sickle cell patients
Authors: Reisner E. G. , Kostyu D. D. , Phillips G. , Walker C. , Dawson D. V. 
Published: July 2010

Fifty‐six adult and 15 pediatric black patients with sickle cell disease were studied to determine their antibody responses to repeated transfusions of red cells. Red cell antibodies were determined restrospectively; anti‐lymphocyte antibodies (class I and II) were determined on the single, most recently drawn blood sample. All adults were HLA‐A, B, C, DR and DQ typed.Ten percent of the individuals with less than 50 transfusions, but greater than 50% with 100 transfusions or more, had red cell antibodies. The percentage of patients producing anti‐red cell antibodies increased consistently with the number of transfusions (p = 0.0062). Women were more likely to become sensitized to red cell antigens than men (p = 0.008), and nulliparous women more likely than multiparous women. Children were also sensitized to red cell antigens (20%), and to a high degree to lymphocyte antigens (73%). No HLA association was found with increased propensity to red cell sensitization. A weak association of HLA DR5 and DR7 with failure to become sensitized to lymphocyte alloantigens was observed, but did not reach statistical significance. Our results suggest that, while genetic factors influencing transfusion response almost certainly exist, other factors such as number of transfusions, age, sex and parity need to be examined to provide accurate projections of risk in chronic transfusion.
über zwei Laborinfektionen mit Trichophyton mentagrophytes, ausgehend von spontan erkrankten Meersehweinchen
Authors: MEYER G. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs wird über zwei Trichophytiefälle berichtet, die als Infektionen durch Meer‐schweinchen aufgefaßt werden müssen. Gleichzeitig wird auf wiederholte Beobachtung‐ spontaner Meerschweinchen‐Trichophytie hingewiesen.
Systematik der Dermatophyten unter Berücksichtigurig der Bodenarten mit geschlechtlicher Sporenbildung
Authors: BALABANOFF Von V. Al. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs werden die Probleme einer gegenwärtigen Systematik der Dermatophyten diskutiert. Gleichzeitig wird eine kritische Übersicht über die Grundprinzipien der gegenwärtigen klinischen und botanischen Klassifikationen gegeben. Ver‐fasser steht auf dem Standpunkt, daß eine Evolutionssystematik der Dermato‐phyten auf Grund der Variabilität und der einheitlichen Charakteristik der pathogenen Arten – Morphologie, Physiologie, Biologie, Parasitismus und Öko‐logie – von Nutzen sein wird. Die morphologische und die physiologische Reduktion macht die Klassiflkation der höher differenzierten Arten schwierig, aber sie erlaubt das Graduieren der imperfekten Stadien der Dermatophyten in 3 bis 4 Stufen und die Formierung von 3 Facies der biologischen Differenzierung – Facies saprophytica, Facies semisaprophytica und Facies parasitica. Zum Schluß gibt der Verfasser seine Systematik von 1955, ergänzt durch die Boden‐dermatophyten mit geschlechtlicher Sporenbildune.
Aktuelle Probleme der Mikrosporiebekäpfung bei Mensch und Tier
Authors: RIETH H. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungDie Bekämpfung der Mikrosporie bei Mensch und Tier wird dadurch erschwert, daß eine Diskrepanz zwischen dem Bundesseuchengesetz und Bundestierseuchengesetz besteht: Nach dem erstgenannten ist die Mikrosporie meldepflichtig, sogar der Verdacht schon, nach dem an zweiter Stelle genannten jedoch nicht, obwohl sehr häufig Übertragungen vom Tier auf den Menschen vorkommen. In einer Tabelle werden die Tierarten aufgeführt, die von Mikrosporie befallen werden. In einer weiteren Tabelle sind die 12 heute anerkannten Mikrosporum–Arten mit ihren gültigen Bezeichnungen nach dem neuesten Stand angegeben. Ihre Bewertung nach epidemiologischen Gesichtspunkten ergibt den Vorschlag, zwischen Mikrosporum–Arten zu unterscheiden, die als Erreger von Epidemien in Betracht kommen, das sind: M. audouinii, M. canis, M. langeronii, M. rivalieri und M. distortum, und den übrigen 7 Arten, die keine Epidemien erregen, das sind: M. fulvum, M. gypseum, M. duboisii, M. nanum, M. cookei, M. vanbreuseghemii und M. racemosum. Für die zweite Gruppe ist die Aufrechterhaltung der Meldepflicht nicht notwendig. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Probleme sind kurz gestreift. Auf Insekten und Spinnentiere als Mikrosporie–Überträger ist hingewiesen. Das heikle Kapitel der Aufklärung der Allgemeinheit wird angeschnitten.
Durch Trichophyton mentagrophytes bedingte Epidemie und Enzootie in einer Chinchillafarm*
Authors: MALE O. , FRITSCH P. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungBeschreibung einer von Chinchillas auf die Züchterfamilie übertragene Infektion durch Trichophyton gypseum.Besprechung der epidemiologischen, pathogenetischen und therapeutischen Aspekte. Experimentelle Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Rolle der Sekundärinfektion mit Staphylococcen und Diskussion der Ergebnisse.
Eln Beitrag zu den sog. dermatophytischen Mischkulturen
Authors: DVOŘÁK J. , OTČCENÁŠEK M. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungEs wurde eine übersieht der sogenannten dermatophytischen Mischkulturen dargelegt. Die Autoren sind der Ansicht, daß der Begriff “Mischinfektion” für die Bezeichnung solcher Fälle nicht geeignet ist.
Untersuchungen über Wuchsformen bei Candida parapsilosis*
Authors: Schönborn Christina 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungBei der taxonomischen Einordnung von Sproßpilzen wird dem Koloniehabitus wegen seiner Variabilität wenig Bedeutung beigemessen. Über Beziehungen zwischen physiologischen Eigenschaften und Formmerkmalen ist nur wenig bekannt.Kolonien von C. parapsilosis, einem häufig auf der Körperoberfläche des Menschen angesiedelten Hefepilz, weisen ähnlich wie die von C. albicans einen charakteristischen Wuchsformdimorphismus auf. Sie treten als Glattoder Rauhform in Erscheinung, wobei eine gewisse Abhängigkeit vom Fundort zu beobachten ist. Beide Formbilder unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Neigung zur Ausbildung von Pseudomycel.Unter Verwendung von Einzellkulturen wurde in fortlaufenden Passagen die Stabilität der morphologischen Eigenschaften von C. parapsilosis geprüft. Weiterhin untersuchten wir, inwieweit durch Milieufaktoren (Nährsubstrat, Fremdkeime, Lichteinfluß) die Bildung von Rauhformen stimuliert wird.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß es sich bei der Rauhform von C. parapsilosis um eine relativ unbeständige Variante handelt, deren Auftreten nicht allein auf Änderung der Umweltbedingungen zurückgeführt werden kann.
Einige Bemerkungen zur Taxonomie der Dermatophyten
Authors: Dvořák J. , Otčenášek M. 
Published: July 2010

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Einteilung der Dermatophyten nach Georg, die im Jahre 1957 16 Arten in 3 Gattungen umfaßte, wird die Entwicklung der dann folgenden 10 Jahre aufgezeigt. Hejtmánek revidierte die Einteilung von Georg, indem er folgende Arten hinzufügte: Microsporon distortum, M. nanum, M. cookei, M. vanbreuseghemii, Tricho‐phyton gourvilii, T. terrestre, T. yaoundei, T. kuryangei und Keratinomyces ajelloi.Darüber hinaus sind weitere Arten inzwischen formal richtig, d. h. mit lateinischer Diagnose, beschrieben: Microsporon rivalieri, Keratinomyces longifusus, Thallomicro‐sporon kuehnii, Trichophyton georgiae, T. vanbreuseghemii, T. phaseoliforme. Zwei Arten, Trichophyton lipoferum und Microsporon racemosum, konnten, da die Original‐literatur darüber mcht zur Verfügung stand, nicht beurteilt werden. Zwei andere Arten, “Trichophyton” evolceanui und “Trichophyton” indicum, gehören wahrscheinlich in die Gattung Chrysosporium.Die Beschreibung von Trichophyton gallopavum läßt die lateinische Diagnose ver‐missen.Auf die Verwendung der Bezeichnung “Microsporon” anstelle von “Microsporum” wird hingewiesen.In einer Gegenüberstellung sind die bisher bekannten perfekten Dermatophyten‐Arten und ihre imperfekten Formen aufgeführt. Eine weitere Zusammenstellung unterteilt die Dermatophyten in anthropophile, zoophile und geophile Arten. Im einzelnen ist auf‐geführt, welche Arten vorwiegend aus Menschläsionen, aus Tierläsionen oder vom Erd‐boden isoliert wurden. Damit wird eine frühere Zusammenstellung korrigiert und komplettiert.