bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use Behaviors, and Longevity
Authors: Rosoff Daniel B. , Hamandi Ali M. , Bell Andrew S. , Mavromatis Lucas A. , Park Lauren M. , Jung Jeesun , Wagner Josephin , Lohoff Falk W. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceObservational studies suggest that major psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviors reduce longevity, making it difficult to disentangle their relationships with aging-related outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between the genetic liabilities for major psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and longevity.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study assessed associations between psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors, and longevity using single-variable and multivariable models. Multiomics analyses were performed elucidating transcriptomic underpinnings of the MR associations and identifying potential proteomic therapeutic targets. This study sourced summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, gene expression, and proteomic data from cohorts of European ancestry. Analyses were performed from May 2022 to November 2023.ExposuresGenetic susceptibility for major depression (n = 500 199), bipolar disorder (n = 413 466), schizophrenia (n = 127 906), problematic alcohol use (n = 435 563), weekly alcohol consumption (n = 666 978), and lifetime smoking index (n = 462 690).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome encompassed aspects of health span, lifespan, and exceptional longevity. Additional outcomes were epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) clocks.ResultsFindings from multivariable MR models simultaneously assessing psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviorsm suggest a negative association between smoking and longevity in cohorts of European ancestry (n = 709 709; 431 503 [60.8%] female; β, −0.33; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.28; P = 4.59 × 10−34) and with increased EAA (n = 34 449; 18 017 [52.3%] female; eg, PhenoAge: β, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.79; P = 8.83 × 10−4). Transcriptomic imputation and colocalization identified 249 genes associated with smoking, including 36 novel genes not captured by the original smoking GWAS. Enriched pathways included chromatin remodeling and telomere assembly and maintenance. The transcriptome-wide signature of smoking was inversely associated with longevity, and estimates of individual smoking-associated genes, eg, XRCC3 and PRMT6, aligned with the smoking-longevity MR analyses, suggesting underlying transcriptomic mediators. Cis-instrument MR prioritized brain proteins associated with smoking behavior, including LY6H (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 2.37 × 10−6) and RIT2 (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 1.05 × 10−5), which had favorable adverse-effect profiles across 367 traits evaluated in phenome-wide MR.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the genetic liability of smoking, but not of psychiatric disorders, is associated with longevity. Transcriptomic associations offer insights into smoking-related pathways, and identified proteomic targets may inform therapeutic development for smoking cessation strategies.
Fetal dose assessment in a pregnant patient with brain tumor: A comparative study of proton PBS and 3DCRT/VMAT radiation therapy techniques
Authors: Rahimi Robabeh , Taylor Michael , Li Xing , Chen Kuan Ling , MacLennan Grayden , Murdoch Erin , Chang Lienard , Parniani Ashkan , Wang Peng , Chawla Ashish , Fan Jiajin , Kim Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe treatment of brain tumors in pregnant patients poses challenges, as the out‐of‐field dose exposure to the fetus can potentially be harmful. A pregnant patient with prior radiation treatment was presented with a brain tumor at our clinic. This work reports on our pre‐treatment study that compared fetal dose exposure between intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) and conventional photon 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and the subsequent pregnant patient's radiation treatment.Materials and methodsPre‐treatment measurements of clinical plans, 3DCRT, VMAT, and IMPT, were conducted on a phantom. Measurements were performed using a device capable of neutron detections, closely following AAPM guidelines, TG158. For photon measurements, fetus shielding was utilized. On patient treatment days, which was determined to be proton treatment, shielding was used only during daily imaging for patient setup. Additionally, an in vivo measurement was conducted on the patient.ResultsMeasurements showed that IMPT delivered the lowest fetal dose, considering both photon and neutron out‐of‐field doses to the fetus, even when shielding was implemented for photon measurements. Additionally, the proton plans demonstrated superior treatment for the mother, a reirradiation case.ConclusionThe patient was treated with proton therapy, and the baby was subsequently delivered at full term with no complications. This case study supports previous clinical findings and advocates for the expanded use of proton therapy in this patient population.
The feasibility of CT simulation‐free adaptive radiation therapy
Authors: MacDonald R. Lee , Fallone Clara , Chytyk‐Praznik Krista , Robar James , Cherpak Amanda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNovel on‐board CBCT allows for improved image quality and Hounsfield unit accuracy. When coupled with online adaptive tools, this may have potential to allow for simulation and treatment to be completed in a single on‐table session.PurposeTo study the feasibility of a high‐efficiency radiotherapy treatment workflow without the use of a separate session for simulation imaging. The dosimetric accuracy, overall efficiency, and technical feasibility were used to evaluate the clinical potential of CT simulation‐free adaptive radiotherapy.MethodsVarian's Ethos adaptive radiotherapy treatment platform was upgraded with a novel CBCT system, HyperSight which reports image quality and Hounsfield unit accuracy specifications comparable to standard fan‐beam CT. Using in‐house developed MATLAB software, CBCT images were imported into the system and used for planning. Two test cases were completed on anthropomorphic phantoms equipped with small volume ion chambers (cross‐calibrated to an ADCL traceable dose standard) to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the workflows. A simulated palliative spine treatment was planned with 8 Gy in one fraction, and an intact prostate treatment was planned with 60 Gy in 20 fractions. The CBCTs were acquired using HyperSight with default thorax and pelvis imaging protocols and reconstructed using an iterative algorithm with scatter removal, iCBCT Acuros. CBCTs were used for contouring and planning, and treatment was delivered via an online adaptive workflow. In addition, an external dosimetry audit was completed using only on‐board CBCT imaging in an end‐to‐end head and neck phantom irradiation.ResultsAn extended‐field CBCT acquisition can be acquired in 12 s, in addition to the time for longitudinal table shifts, and reconstructed in approximately 1 min. The superior‐inferior extent for the CBCT planning images was 38.2 cm, which captured the full extent of relevant anatomy. The contouring and treatment planning for the spine and prostate were completed in 30 and 18 min, respectively. The dosimetric agreement between ion chamber measurements and the treatment plan was within a range of −1.4 to 1.6%, and a mean and standard deviation of 0.41 ± 1.16%. All metrics used in the external audit met the passing criteria, and the dosimetric comparison between fan‐beam and CBCT techniques had a gamma passing rate of 99.0% with a criteria of 2%/2 mm.ConclusionUsing an in‐house workflow, CT simulation‐free radiation therapy was shown to be feasible with acceptable workflow efficiency and dosimetric accuracy. This approach may be particularly applicable for urgent palliative treatments. With the availability of software to enable this workflow, and the continued advancement of on‐treatment adaptation, single‐visit radiation therapy may replace current practice for some clinical indications.
Thermoelectric‐Feedback Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Temperature‐Synchronized Monitoring and Regulation in Accurate Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Xu Hongtao , Huang Gang , Cheng Han , Li Fangjie , Zhang Zhiyuan , Huang Xiaojuan , Huang Hailong , Zheng Chongyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising approach for tumor ablation and cancer treatment. However, controlling the therapeutic temperature during treatment remains challenging, and imprecise thermal regulation can harm adjacent healthy tissues, reduce therapeutic accuracy, and promote the thermotolerance of cellular phenotypes, potentially leading to tumor invasion and recurrence. Although existing methods provide basic temperature control by adjusting irradiation power and photothermal agent dosing, they lack real‐time temperature monitoring and feedback control capabilities, underscoring the urgent need for more integrated and precise PTT systems. In this context, an innovative photothermoelectric (PTE) cobalt‐infused chitosan (CS) nanocomposite hydrogel (PTE‐Co@CS) is developed for precise temperature‐regulated PTT, exhibiting desirable mechanical properties and exceptional biocompatibility. Enhanced by embedded nanoparticles, PTE‐Co@CS demonstrates superior photothermal conversion efficiency compared with existing methods, while also featuring thermoelectric responsiveness and increased sensitivity to photostimuli. Its advantageous PTE response characteristics ensure a linear correlation between temperature shifts and resistance changes (e.g., R2 = 0.99919 at 0.5 W cm⁻2), enabling synchronized qualitative and quantitative control of PTT temperature through electrical signal monitoring. This allows for real‐time monitoring and regulation during PTT, effectively addressing the issue of uncontrollable temperatures and improving therapeutic efficacy.
Learning Soft Millirobot Multimodal Locomotion with Sim‐to‐Real Transfer
Authors: Demir Sinan Ozgun , Tiryaki Mehmet Efe , Karacakol Alp Can , Sitti Metin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith wireless multimodal locomotion capabilities, magnetic soft millirobots have emerged as potential minimally invasive medical robotic platforms. Due to their diverse shape programming capability, they can generate various locomotion modes, and their locomotion can be adapted to different environments by controlling the external magnetic field signal. Existing adaptation methods, however, are based on hand‐tuned signals. Here, a learning‐based adaptive magnetic soft millirobot multimodal locomotion framework empowered by sim‐to‐real transfer is presented. Developing a data‐driven magnetic soft millirobot simulation environment, the periodic magnetic actuation signal is learned for a given soft millirobot in simulation. Then, the learned locomotion strategy is deployed to the real world using Bayesian optimization and Gaussian processes. Finally, automated domain recognition and locomotion adaptation for unknown environments using a Kullback‐Leibler divergence‐based probabilistic method are illustrated. This method can enable soft millirobot locomotion to quickly and continuously adapt to environmental changes and explore the actuation space for unanticipated solutions with minimum experimental cost.
Multilevel Regulation of NF‐κB Signaling by NSD2 Suppresses Kras‐Driven Pancreatic Tumorigenesis
Authors: Feng Wenxin , Niu Ningning , Lu Ping , Chen Zhuo , Rao Hanyu , Zhang Wei , Ma Chunxiao , Liu Changwei , Xu Yue , Gao Wei‐Qiang , Xue Jing , Li Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a clinically challenging cancer with a dismal overall prognosis. NSD2 is an H3K36‐specific di‐methyltransferase that has been reported to play a crucial role in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, the study demonstrates that NSD2 acts as a putative tumor suppressor in Kras‐driven pancreatic tumorigenesis. NSD2 restrains the mice from inflammation and Kras‐induced ductal metaplasia, while NSD2 loss facilitates pancreatic tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, NSD2‐mediated H3K36me2 promotes the expression of IκBα, which inhibits the phosphorylation of p65 and NF‐κB nuclear translocation. More importantly, NSD2 interacts with the DNA binding domain of p65, attenuating NF‐κB transcriptional activity. Furthermore, inhibition of NF‐κB signaling relieves the symptoms of Nsd2‐deficient mice and sensitizes Nsd2‐null PDAC to gemcitabine. Clinically, NSD2 expression decreased in PDAC patients and negatively correlated to nuclear p65 expression. Together, the study reveals the important tumor suppressor role of NSD2 and multiple mechanisms by which NSD2 suppresses both p65 phosphorylation and downstream transcriptional activity during pancreatic tumorigenesis. This study opens therapeutic opportunities for PDAC patients with NSD2 low/loss by combined treatment with gemcitabine and NF‐κBi.
Advanced Ultrasound Energy Transfer Technologies using Metamaterial Structures
Authors: Imani Iman M. , Kim Hyun Soo , Shin Joonchul , Lee Dong‐Gyu , Park Jiwon , Vaidya Anish , Kim Chowon , Baik Jeong Min , Zhang Yu Shrike , Kang Heemin , Hur Sunghoon , Song Hyun‐Cheol 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWireless energy transfer (WET) based on ultrasound‐driven generators with enormous beneficial functions, is technologically in progress by the valuation of ultrasonic metamaterials (UMMs) in science and engineering domains. Indeed, novel metamaterial structures can develop the efficiency of mechanical and physical features of ultrasound energy receivers (US‐ETs), including ultrasound‐driven piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (US‐PENGs and US‐TENGs) for advantageous applications. This review article first summarizes the fundamentals, classification, and design engineering of UMMs after introducing ultrasound energy for WET technology. In addition to addressing using UMMs, the topical progress of innovative UMMs in US‐ETs is conceptually presented. Moreover, the advanced approaches of metamaterials are reported in the categorized applications of US‐PENGs and US‐TENGs. Finally, some current perspectives and encounters of UMMs in US‐ETs are offered. With this objective in mind, this review explores the potential revolution of reliable integrated energy transfer systems through the transformation of metamaterials into ultrasound‐driven active mediums for generators.
Swedish farmers' approval of nudges
Authors: Colen Liesbeth , Englberger Leon , Rommel Jens 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInterest in the use of behavioral policy approaches, such as nudges, has strongly increased over the past years, including in the domains of food, agricultural and environmental policies. While the approval of nudges among the general public has been studied extensively, we know little about the attitude of farmers toward nudging. Farmers may (perceive to) be affected directly by food and agriculture nudges, which may result in different approval as compared to citizens. Moreover, given the increased interest in the use of nudges targeting farm behavior, it is relevant to know their attitude toward these policies. In an online survey, 342 Swedish farmers indicated their approval or disapproval of the same nudging policies that have been investigated in earlier studies with citizens. We find that, overall and over all areas covered, farmers have remarkably lower approval rates of nudging policies than the general public. While this may be partially explained by their socioeconomic profiles, also the connection of some nudges with farming activities may explain their different opinion. We find that farmers with a “green” orientation are generally more favorable, especially so for “green” nudges. [EconLit Citations: Q18, D03].
Angstrom‐scale channels with versatile ion‐membrane interactions enabling precise ion separation via electrodialysis
Authors: Zhang Yiren , Lin Yuqing , Gan Ning , Zhang Jiayu , Wu Baolong , Yu Jianguo , Matsuyama Hideto , Wang Rong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn nature, efficient and selective ion transport is facilitated by ion‐conductive channels in cell membranes; these channels reveal an architectural design with specialized functionality. Drawing inspiration from this, mechanistic insights into the angstrom‐scale‐channel membrane composed of ionic‐crosslinked polybenzimidazole and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), exhibiting functional differentiation and efficient ion‐sieving properties are presented. Nanochannels allow for strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions with hydrated ions of higher polarity, while rendering significant electrostatic charge effects that impede the transition of multivalent ions by compressing effective passageways. Both hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions synergistically result in high selectivity for monovalent ions over multivalent ions because the latter requires overcoming higher energy barriers for transport compared with the former, thereby causing varying extents of ion dehydration within the nanochannels. The resulting membrane achieves a high monovalent ion permeation rate of 1.35 mol m−2 h−1 with a high mono/multivalent ion selectivity of 56.5 for K+/Mg2+ and 286 for K+/Al3+.
Effect of apolipoprotein E ε4 and its modification by sociodemographic characteristics on cognitive measures in South Asians from LASI‐DAD
Authors: Wang Yi Zhe , Zhao Wei , Moorjani Priya , Gross Alden L. , Zhou Xiang , Dey Aparajit B. , Lee Jinkook , Smith Jennifer A. , Kardia Sharon L. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe investigated the effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and its interactions with sociodemographic characteristics on cognitive measures in South Asians from the Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI‐DAD).METHODSLinear regression was used to assess the association between APOE ε4 and global‐ and domain‐specific cognitive function in 2563 participants (mean age 69.6 ± 7.3 years; 53% female). Effect modification by age, sex, and education were explored using interaction terms and subgroup analyses.RESULTSAPOE ε4 was inversely associated with most cognitive measures (p < 0.05). This association was stronger with advancing age for the Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) score (βε4×age = −0.44, p = 0.03), orientation (βε4×age = −0.07, p = 0.01), and language/fluency (βε4×age = −0.07, p = 0.01), as well as in females for memory (βε4×male = 0.17, p = 0.02) and language/fluency (βε4×male = 0.12, p = 0.03).DISCUSSIONAPOE ε4 is associated with lower cognitive function in South Asians from India, with a more pronounced impact observed in females and older individuals.Highlights
APOE ε4 carriers had lower global and domain‐specific cognitive performance.
Females and older individuals may be more susceptible to ε4 effects.
For most cognitive measures, there was no interaction between ε4 and education.
Cobalt‐Doped Bismuth Nanosheet Catalyst for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Electrolyte‐Free Formic Acid
Authors: Nankya Rosalynn , Xu Yuting , Elgazzar Ahmad , Zhu Peng , Wi Tae‐Ung , Qiu Chang , Feng Yuge , Che Fanglin , Wang Haotian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) to valuable liquid fuels, such as formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO−) is a promising strategy for carbon neutrality. Enhancing CO2RR activity while retaining high selectivity is critical for commercialization. To address this, we developed metal‐doped bismuth (Bi) nanosheets via a facile hydrolysis method. These doped nanosheets efficiently generated high‐purity HCOOH using a porous solid electrolyte (PSE) layer. Among the evaluated metal‐doped Bi catalysts, Co‐doped Bi demonstrated improved CO2RR performance compared to pristine Bi, achieving ~90 % HCOO− selectivity and boosted activity with a low overpotential of ~1.0 V at a current density of 200 mA cm−2. In a solid electrolyte reactor, Co‐doped Bi maintained HCOOH Faradaic efficiency of ~72 % after a 100‐hour operation under a current density of 100 mA cm−2, generating 0.1 M HCOOH at 3.2 V. Density functional theory (DFT) results revealed that Co‐doped Bi required a lower applied potential for HCOOH generation from CO2, due to stronger binding energy to the key intermediates OCHO* compared to pure Bi. This study shows that metal doping in Bi nanosheets modifies the chemical composition, element distribution, and morphology, improving CO2RR catalytic activity performance by tuning surface adsorption affinity and reactivity.
para‐Aminoazobenzole – Bipolare Redoxaktive Verbindungen
Authors: Schatz Dominic , Baumert Marcel E. , Kersten Marie C. , Schneider Finn M. , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Hansmann Max M. , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAzobenzole (AB) sind vielseitige Verbindungen mit zahlreichen Anwendungsgebieten. Eines dieser Gebiete ist die Energiespeicherung, wie zum Beispiel molekulare organischen Solarthermie (MOST) Speicher, oder Phasenwechselmaterial. Batterien sind eine weitere Applikation von AB als elektrochemische Energiespeicher, die auf der reversiblen 1e− Reduktion zu Radikalanion beruhen. Oxidationen von AB sind üblicherweise irreversibel, können jedoch durch eine 4,4‘‐Diaminosubstitution reversibel werden. Diese Reversibilität ist auf die Bildung eine stabile Chinonstruktur zurückzuführen. Hier präsentieren wir ein System, das bipolares Redoxverhalten von AB zeigt. Dadurch können AB nicht nur als Anolyte, sondern auch als Katholyte eingesetzt werden. Die erhaltenden Redoxpotentiale können durch geeignete Amin‐ oder Ringsubstitutionen angepasst werden. Des Weiteren wurde die Festkörperstruktur der oxidierten Chinonform zum ersten Mal mittels Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert.
Photocatalytic Asymmetric Acyl Radical Truce–Smiles Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched α‐Aryl Amides
Authors: Ma Wei‐Yang , Leone Matteo , Derat Etienne , Retailleau Pascal , Reddy Chada Raji , Neuville Luc , Masson Géraldine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe radical Truce–Smiles rearrangement is a straightforward strategy for incorporating aryl groups into organic molecules for which asymmetric processes remains rare. By employing a readily available and non‐expensive chiral auxiliary, we developed a highly efficient asymmetric photocatalytic acyl and alkyl radical Truce–Smiles rearrangement of α‐substituted acrylamides using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as a hydrogen atom–transfer photocatalyst, along with aldehydes or C−H containing precursors. The rearranged products exhibited excellent diastereoselectivities (7 : 1 to >98 : 2 d.r.) and chiral auxiliary was easily removed. Mechanistic studies allowed understanding the transformation in which density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the stereochemistry‐determining step.