bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondral autologous transplantation for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects of the shoulder
Authors: Kircher J. , Patzer T. , Magosch P. , Lichtenberg S. , Habermeyer P. 
Published: March 2009

We describe the outcome at a mean follow-up of 8.75 years (7.6 to 9.8) of seven patients who had undergone osteochondral autologous transplantation for full-thickness cartilage defects of the shoulder between 1998 and 2000. These patients have been described previously at a mean of 32.6 months when eight were included. One patient has been lost to follow-up. The outcome was assessed by the Constant shoulder score and the Lysholm knee score to assess any donor-site morbidity. Standard radiographs and MR scores were obtained and compared with the pre-operative findings and the results from the previous review. No patient required any further surgery on the shoulder. The mean Constant score improved significantly until the final follow-up (p = 0.018). The Lysholm score remained excellent throughout. There was a significant progression of osteoarthritic changes from the initial surgery to the first and final follow-up but this did not appear to be related to the size of the defect, the number of cylinders required or the Constant score (p = 0.016). MRI showed that all except one patient had a congruent joint surface at the defect with full bony integration of all osteochondral cylinders. The results have remained satisfactory over a longer period with very good objective and subjective findings.
The supination deformity and associated deformities of the upper limb in severe birth lesions of the brachial plexus
Authors: Yam A. , Fullilove S. , Sinisi M. , Fox M. 
Published: March 2009

We reviewed 42 consecutive children with a supination deformity of the forearm complicating severe birth lesions of the brachial plexus. The overall incidence over the study period was 6.9% (48 of 696). It was absent in those in Narakas group I (27.6) and occurred in 5.7% of group II (13 of 229), 9.6% of group III (11 of 114) and 23.4% of group IV (18 of 77). Concurrent deformities at the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand were always present because of muscular imbalance from poor recovery of C5 and C7, inconsistent recovery of C8 and T1 and good recovery of C6. Early surgical correction improved the function of the upper limb and hand, but there was a tendency to recurrence. Pronation osteotomy placed the hand in a functional position, and increased the arc of rotation of the forearm. The supination deformity recurred in 40% (17 of 42) of those treated by pronation osteotomy alone, probably because of remodelling of the growing bone. Children should be followed up until skeletal maturity, and the parents counselled on the likelihood of multiple operations.
A Behavioral Genetic Study of the Dark Triad of Personality and Moral Development
Authors: Campbell Jennifer , Schermer Julie Aitken , Villani Vanessa C. , Nguyen Brenda , Vickers Leanne , Vernon Philip A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present study is the first behavioral genetic investigation of relationships between the Dark Triad of personality — Machiavellianism, narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy — and moral development. Participants were 154 monozygotic twin pairs and 82 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs. Higher scores on Machiavellianism and psychopathy were positively correlated with low levels of moral development; high psychopathy scores also correlated negatively with high levels of moral development. Individual differences in lower levels of moral development were attributable to genetic and nonshared environmental factors but, very interestingly, individual differences in the highest levels of moral development showed no genetic basis but were entirely attributable to shared and nonshared environmental factors. Finally, correlations between the Dark Triad and moral development variables showed no genetic basis while correlations among the moral development variables were variously attributable to correlated genetic and correlated environmental factors.
The Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Study of Mental Health: Examining Recruitment and Attrition Bias
Authors: Tambs Kristian , Rønning Torbjørn , Prescott C. A. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Torgersen Svenn , Harris Jennifer R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAll Norwegian twin pairs born 1967–1974 and still living in Norway in 1992 were invited to a health questionnaire study (Q1). 2,570 pairs (65%) participated. These cohorts and the twin cohorts born 1967–1979 were invited to a new questionnaire study (Q2) in 1998. This time 3,334 pairs (53%) participated. Almost all pairs having participated in the 1998 study were invited to an interview study of mental health (MHS), taking place 1999–2004. 1,391 complete pairs (44%) participated. The questionnaire studies included extensive data on somatic health with fewer items on mental health and demography. Health-related and demographic information available from the Medical Birth Registry on all invited twins was applied to predict participation to the first study. A few registry variables indicating poor health predicted nonparticipation in Q1. Health information and demography from Q1 were tested as predictors of participation in the follow-up study (Q2). Monozygosity, female sex, being unmarried, having no children, and high education predicted participation, whereas few indicators of poor mental and somatic health and unhealthy lifestyle moderately predicted nonparticipation in Q2. No health indicators reported in Q2 predicted further participation. Standard genetic twin analyses of indicators of various mental disorders from Q2, validated by diagnostic data from the MHS, did not indicate differences in genetic/environmental covariance structures between participants and nonparticipants in MHS. In general the results show a moderate selection towards good mental and somatic health. Attrition from Q2 to the MHS does not appear to affect twin analyses of mental health related variables.
Retrodifferentiation – a mechanism for cellular regeneration?
Authors: Hass Ralf 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Cellular differentiation can be characterized by the acquisition of specified properties during several steps of development whereby the original stem- or precursor-like populations can finally obtain a certain phenotype with highly specific cell functions. The continuing maturation process can be paralleled by progressively reduced proliferative capacity in various cell types functioning as postmitotic tissues. Conversely, other cell populations (e.g., distinct immune cells) may carry out their specific function upon stimulation of proliferation. While these differentiated phenotypes perform their appropriate specific duties throughout the functioning organism, nature may provide an interesting alternative within this concept of life: sometimes, differentiation steps appear to be reversible. Thus, retrograde differentiation – also termed retrodifferentiation – and accordingly rejuvenation may occur when differentiated cells lose their specific properties acquired during previous steps of maturation. Consequently, retrodifferentiation and rejuvenation could provide enormous potential for tissue repair and cell renewal; however, regulatory dysfunctions within these retrograde developments may also involve the risk of tumor promotion.
Management of the human mucosal defensive barrier: evidence for glycan legislation
Authors: Patsos Georgios , Corfield Anthony 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The human gastrointestinal barrier comprises several layers which enable protection against the external environment. The mucosal epithelium, lamina propria, glycocalyx and secreted mucus each make a contribution to barrier protection. Glycocalyx and secreted mucins constitute a glycosylated environment which interacts with the enteric microflora. Turnover of the mucus layer and the creation of binding ligands for bacteria are significant factors in gut homeostasis. The gut microbiota is composed of many bacterial species, but improved technology has allowed detection of populations present at different stages of development and in disease. Interaction of the microflora with the gut occurs from birth onwards and enables maturation of gut angiogenesis and glycosylation as demonstrated in mouse models. Glycan legislation regulates the ongoing interaction between the microflora and the host mucosa. This accounts for host glycosylation mechanisms providing a dynamic response to fluctuations in the gut microflora. Evidence for glycan legislation is based on a surgical model where intact mucosa can be compared with and without contact to the faecal microflora. In addition, mucosal cell glycosylation is assessed using inhibitors of O-glycan synthesis. These inhibitors lead to growth arrest in cultured colorectal cancer cell lines through the induction of apoptosis and downregulation of proliferation.
Analysis of the Impact Performance of Ice Hockey Helmets Using Two Different Test Methodologies
Authors: Giacomazzi Amber , Smith Terry , Kersey Robert 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper reports on the results of a study to determine the protective characteristics of ice hockey helmets when tested using two different methodologies. The first methodology involved a traditional monorail drop impact test commonly used in North American ice hockey helmet standards (i.e., ASTM F1045, CSA Z262.1). This involves a guided freefall test onto a flat anvil using an ISO headform fitted with a uniaxial accelerometer at its center of gravity. The second methodology involved striking a Hybrid III head and neck mounted to a linear bearing track with a pendulum impactor. The use of a linear bearing track permitted the Hybrid III headform to move freely following the initial impact. At the distal end of the pendulum, a flat steel anvil was used to represent the impacting object. This configuration was felt to represent a head check from an opposing player, believed to be one of the mechanisms of head injury in ice hockey. Linear and angular acceleration measurements were recorded for all pendulum tests. High speed video was used to capture all headform motion. A total of six different helmet models were evaluated using both test methodologies. Peak linear headform accelerations were compared between helmet models tested using the monorail drop system and the identical helmet model tested using the impact pendulum. The results showed significant differences between helmet models as well as between the two different test methodologies. The implications of these results relative to current ice hockey standards and relative to head injury in ice hockey are discussed.
Drosophila Transposon Insertions as Unknowns for Structured Inquiry Recombination Mapping Exercises in an Undergraduate Genetics Course
Authors: Marcus Jeffrey M , Hughes Tia M 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Structured inquiry approaches, in which students receive a Drosophila strain of unknown genotype to analyze and map the constituent mutations, are a common feature of many genetics teaching laboratories. The required crosses frustrate many students because they are aware that they are participating in a fundamentally trivial exercise, as the map locations of the genes are already established and have been recalculated thousands of times by generations of students. We modified the traditional structured inquiry approach to include a novel research experience for the students in our undergraduate genetics laboratories. Students conducted crosses with Drosophila strains carrying P[lacW] transposon insertions in genes without documented recombination map positions, representing a large number of unique, but equivalent genetic unknowns. Using the eye color phenotypes associated with the inserts as visible markers, it is straightforward to calculate recombination map positions for the interrupted loci. Collectively, our students mapped 95 genetic loci on chromosomes 2 and 3. In most cases, the calculated 95% confidence interval for meiotic map location overlapped with the predicted map position based on cytology. The research experience evoked positive student responses and helped students better understand the nature of scientific research for little additional cost or instructor effort.
The Dot1 Histone Methyltransferase and the Rad9 Checkpoint Adaptor Contribute to Cohesin-Dependent Double-Strand Break Repair by Sister Chromatid Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Conde Francisco , Refolio Esther , Cordón-Preciado Violeta , Cortés-Ledesma Felipe , Aragón Luis , Aguilera Andrés , San-Segundo Pedro A 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Genomic integrity is threatened by multiple sources of DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most dangerous types of DNA lesions and can be generated by endogenous or exogenous agents, but they can arise also during DNA replication. Sister chromatid recombination (SCR) is a key mechanism for the repair of DSBs generated during replication and it is fundamental for maintaining genomic stability. Proper repair relies on several factors, among which histone modifications play important roles in the response to DSBs. Here, we study the role of the histone H3K79 methyltransferase Dot1 in the repair by SCR of replication-dependent HO-induced DSBs, as a way to assess its function in homologous recombination. We show that Dot1, the Rad9 DNA damage checkpoint adaptor, and phosphorylation of histone H2A (γH2A) are required for efficient SCR. Moreover, we show that Dot1 and Rad9 promote DSB-induced loading of cohesin onto chromatin. We propose that recruitment of Rad9 to DSB sites mediated by γH2A and H3K79 methylation contributes to DSB repair via SCR by regulating cohesin binding to damage sites. Therefore, our results contribute to an understanding of how different chromatin modifications impinge on DNA repair mechanisms, which are fundamental for maintaining genomic stability.
Constructed Microhabitat Bundles for Sampling Fishes and Crayfishes in Coastal Plain Streams
Authors: Warren Melvin L. , Sheldon Andrew L. , Haag Wendell R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We investigated fish and crayfish use of standardized, constructed microhabitats (bundles) in three northern Mississippi streams. Cypress Creek and the Little Tallahatchie Canal were channelized and incised and had little woody cover; Puskus Creek was unchannelized and unincised and had abundant woody cover. We constructed three types of bundles (cane, leaf, and string) and deployed replicates of each in winter and spring. Occupancy of bundles by fish and crayfish was high and included 32 fish species representing eight families. Fish abundance did not differ among bundle types or between channel positions (bank or midchannel), but abundance of crayfish showed mixed responses to bundle type and position. Fish and crayfish use of bundles was higher in the channelized streams (89% occupied) than in the unchannelized stream (49% occupied). Furthermore, after a winter storm, fish use increased in the channelized streams but not in the unchannelized stream. Bundles yielded abundance estimates with modest to poor precision (40–73% for fish; 37–125% for crayfish); about 110–140 bundles would be necessary to consistently achieve precision of 30%. Bundles were effective for sampling a subset of fish assemblages (e.g., darters Etheostoma spp. and Percina spp. and madtoms Noturus spp.), but other fish species were conspicuously underrepresented or absent in our samples relative to sampling by electrofishing and seine (e.g., open-water species and large individuals). Nevertheless, microhabitat bundles can be effective for sampling small fish and crayfish that associate with woody cover and that are difficult to sample with conventional methods.
Cellular Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative Are Associated With Different Molecular Weight Fractions Following Separation by Size‐Exclusion Chromatography
Authors: Johnson Dwight L. , Carnes David , Steffensen Bjorn , Cochran David L. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) was shown to enhance soft tissue healing and regeneration of the periodontium; however, the mechanisms of this action are unknown. It is assumed that amelogenin, the most abundant protein in EMD, is the protein primarily responsible for the effects of EMD. The purpose of this study was to fractionate EMD and associate its specific cellular effects with different molecular weight fractions following size‐exclusion chromatography.Methods: Freshly dissolved EMD was fractionated by gel filtration, and forty‐five 7‐ml fractions were collected, desalted, lyophilized, and resuspended. These fractions were analyzed for their effects on the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells (C2C12) and the proliferation and differentiation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Alkaline phosphatase activity (C2C12) was measured as a marker for osteogenic differentiation before and after preincubation of the fractions with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) decoy receptor, noggin. Angiogenesis (HMVEC) was evaluated as a marker for endothelial cell differentiation. Enzymographic assays used polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with denatured type I collagen to determine gelatinolytic activities in each fraction.Results: EMD fractionated into three major protein peaks following size exclusion chromatography with cross‐linked dextran particle matrix. Peak I was associated with the column void volume, whereas peak III eluted near the salt volume. Peak II eluted between these two peaks. Proliferation and angiogenic activities were associated with peaks II and III for the microvascular cells. The differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity, was induced by EMD components present in peak I and the leading edge of peak II. The additional observation that this differentiation was inhibited by prior treatment of the fractions with noggin suggested the activity was induced by BMP rather than amelogenin or other unknown proteins. Gelatinolytic activities were detected in the early fractions of peaks I and II of gel‐fractionated EMD.Conclusions: The cellular activities stimulated by EMD are not associated with a single molecular weight species. The fact that noggin abolishes C2C12 alkaline phosphatase activity suggests that effects on osteoprogenitor cell differentiation are the result of a BMP‐like protein(s), whereas effects on proliferation and angiogenesis are associated with lower molecular weight species present in peaks II and III. Finally, unheated EMD displays gelatinolytic activities that are also detectable following size‐exclusion separation of its constituents. The masses of these activities were consistent with those reported for latent and active matrix metalloproteinase‐20.
Periodontal Therapy Reduces the Severity of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients Treated With or Without Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Ortiz P. , Bissada N.F. , Palomo L. , Han Y.W. , Al‐Zahrani M.S. , Panneerselvam A. , Askari A. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are common chronic inflammatory conditions. Recent studies showed a beneficial effect of periodontal treatment on the severity of active RA. This study was undertaken to further examine the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on the signs and symptoms of RA in patients treated with or without anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (anti‐TNF‐α) medications. The effect of anti‐TNF‐α therapy on periodontitis also was assessed.Methods: Forty participants diagnosed with moderate/severe RA (under treatment for RA) and severe periodontitis were randomly assigned to receive initial non‐surgical periodontal therapy with scaling/root planing and oral hygiene instructions (n = 20) or no periodontal therapy (n = 20). To control RA, all participants had been using disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs, and 20 had also been using anti‐TNF‐α before randomization. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), RA disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured at baseline and 6 weeks later. Linear mixed models were used to identify significant differences between subjects who received periodontal treatment and those who did not.Results: Patients receiving periodontal treatment showed a significant decrease in the mean DAS28, ESR (P <0.001), and serum TNF‐α (P <0.05). There was no statistically significant decrease in these parameters in patients not receiving periodontal treatment. Anti‐TNF‐α therapy resulted in a significant improvement in CAL, PD, BOP, and GI.Conclusions: Non‐surgical periodontal therapy had a beneficial effect on the signs and symptoms of RA, regardless of the medications used to treat this condition. Anti‐TNF‐α therapy without periodontal treatment had no significant effect on the periodontal condition.
Hand and Ultrasonic Instrumentation in Combination With Root‐Coverage Surgery: A Comparative Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zucchelli G. , Mounssif I. , Stefanini M. , Mele M. , Montebugnoli L. , Sforza N.M. 
Published: March 2009

Background: The role of vigorous root planing in the surgical treatment of gingival recession was recently questioned. The aim of the present randomized controlled split‐mouth clinical study was to compare the effectiveness, in terms of root coverage, of hand and ultrasonic root instrumentation in combination with a coronally advanced flap for the treatment of isolated‐type recession defects.Methods: Eleven systemically and periodontally healthy subjects with bilateral recession defects (≥3 mm) of similar (≤1 mm) depth affecting contralateral teeth were enrolled in the study. Only Miller Class I gingival recession with no deep cervical abrasion or root caries/demineralization were included in the study. Control root exposures were treated with curets, whereas test roots were instrumented with ultrasonic piezoelectric devices. Randomization for test and control treatment was performed by a coin toss immediately prior to surgery. All recessions were treated with a coronally advanced flap surgical technique. The clinical reevaluation was made 6 months after surgery.Results: The two approaches resulted in a high percentage of root coverage (95.4% in the control group and 84.2% in the test group) and complete root coverage (82% in the control group and 55% in the test teeth), with no statistically significant difference between them. Clinical attachment level gains were clinically significant in both groups (3.36 ± 0.92 mm in the control group and 2.90 ± 0.70 mm in the test group), with no statistically significant difference between them. The increase in keratinized tissue height was statistically significant in both groups (0.55 ± 0.52 mm in the control group and 0.36 ± 0.67 mm in the test group), with no difference between them.Conclusions: The present study failed to demonstrate any superiority, in terms of root‐coverage results, for hand instruments over ultrasonic treatment of the root surface in combination with coronally advanced flap mucogingival surgery. Further studies of longer‐term duration and larger sample size could help to establish the superiority of one form of root instrumentation in conjunction with root‐coverage surgery.