bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient self-management and pharmacist-led patient self-management in Hong Kong: A focus group study from different healthcare professionals' perspectives
Authors: Wong Fiona YY , Chan Frank WK , You Joyce HS , Wong Eliza LY , Yeoh EK 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background
Patient self-management is a key approach to manage non-communicable diseases. A pharmacist-led approach in patient self-management means collaborative care between pharmacists and patients. However, the development of both patient self-management and role of pharmacists is limited in Hong Kong. The objectives of this study are to understand the perspectives of physicians, pharmacists, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners, and dispensers on self-management of patients with chronic conditions, in addition to exploring the possibilities of developing pharmacist-led patient self-management in Hong Kong.

Methods
Participants were invited through the University as well as professional networks. Fifty-one participants comprised of physicians, pharmacists, TCM practitioners and dispensers participated in homogenous focus group discussions. Perspectives in patient self-management and pharmacist-led patient self-management were discussed. The discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed accordingly.

Results
The majority of the participants were in support of patients with stable chronic diseases engaging in self-management. Medication compliance, monitoring of disease parameters and complications, lifestyle modification and identifying situations to seek help from health professionals were generally agreed to be covered in patient self-management. All pharmacists believed that they had extended roles in addition to drug management but the other three professionals believed that pharmacists were drug experts only and could only play an assisting role. Physicians, TCM practitioners, and dispensers were concerned that pharmacist-led patient self-management could be hindered, due to unfamiliarity with the pharmacy profession, the perception of insufficient training in disease management, and lack of trust of patients.

Conclusions
An effective chronic disease management model should involve patients in stable condition to participate in self-management in order to prevent health deterioration and to save healthcare costs. The role of pharmacists should not be limited to drugs and should be extended in the primary healthcare system. Pharmacist-led patient self-management could be developed gradually with the support of government by enhancing pharmacists' responsibilities in health services and developing public-private partnership with community pharmacists. Developing facilitating measures to enhance the implementation of the pharmacist-led approach should also be considered, such as allowing pharmacists to access electronic health records, as well as deregulation of more prescription-only medicines to pharmacy-only medicines.
Hypoglycaemia and severe plasmodium falciparum malaria among pregnant sudanese women in an area characterized by unstable malaria transmission
Authors: Ali Aziem A , Elhassan Elhassan M , Magzoub Mamoun M , Elbashir Mustafa I , Adam Ishag 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women are more susceptible to severePlasmodium falciparummalaria, which can lead to poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Few data exist on the epidemiology of severeP. falciparummalaria in pregnant women.A hospital-based study was carried out to assess the pattern of severeP. falciparummalaria among pregnant women at the Kassala and Medani maternity hospitals, which are located in areas of unstable malaria transmission, in eastern and central Sudan, respectively. Pre-tested questionnaires were used to gather socio-demographic, clinical and obstetrical data. Suitable tests were performed for clinical and biochemical investigations.ResultsAmong 222 pregnant women diagnosed with malaria at the two hospitals, 40 (18.0%) women at mean (SD) gestational age of 29.3 (6.7) weeks fulfilled one or more of the WHO criteria for severeP. falciparummalaria. These were hypoglycaemia (14; 35.5%), severe anaemia (12; 30%), hypotension (10; 25%), jaundice (9; 22.5%), cerebral malaria (6; 15%), repeated convulsions (4; 10%), hyperparasitaemia (4; 10.0%) and more than one manifestation (9; 22.5%). While the mean (SD) presenting temperature was significantly lower for women presenting with hypoglycaemia [38.2(0.6) versus 38.8(0.7) °C,P= 0.04], other clinical and biochemical characteristics were not significantly different among women with different manifestations of severeP. falciparummalaria.ConclusionPreventive measures for pregnant women such as insecticide-treated bednets and chemoprophylaxis may be beneficial in areas of unstable malaria transmission. Early detection and prompt treatment of severe malaria, especially in pregnant women with hypoglycaemia, are needed.
Non-glycemic effects of insulin therapy: a comparison between insulin aspart and regular human insulin during two consecutive meals in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sourij H , Schmoelzer I , de Campo A , Tripolt N J , Stojakovic T , Scharnagl H , Kettler-Schmut E , Forst T , Wascher T C 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveTo control postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients, prandial therapy with regular human insulin (HI) or fast acting insulin analogs is used. Postprandial hyperglycemia seems to be reduced more effectively with insulin analogs than with normal insulin, but there are no data concerning the effect on lipolysis or pancreatic insulin and proinsulin secretion of normal insulin in comparison to insulin analogs.Design and methodsWe included 13 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age 62.2±10.3 years) with preexisting insulin therapy in this crossover, prospective, open-labeled, randomized trial comparing regular HI with insulin aspart (IA) in the setting of a standardized breakfast and a standardized lunch 4 h later. Blood samples for determination of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides, C-peptide, and intact proinsulin were drawn during fasting and every 30 min until 4 h after the second test meal. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA for repeated measurements and paired Student's t-test.ResultsThe mean increase in blood glucose was significantly lower after IA (24.18±16.33 vs 34.92±29.07 mg/dl, P=0.02) compared with HI. Both therapies reduced FFA; however, the mean reduction was significantly higher after IA than after HI (−0.47±0.16 vs −0.35±0.15 μmol/l, P<0.001). The mean increase in intact proinsulin was significantly lower after IA than after HI (10.53±5 vs 15.20±6.83 pmol/l, P<0.001). No differences were observed in the C-peptide levels between the two groups.ConclusionIn the setting of two consecutive meals, IA reduces lipolysis and proinsulin secretion more effectively than HI.
Limitations of and Lessons Learned from Clinical Experience of 1,020 Duplex Arteriography
Authors: Hingorani Anil P. , Ascher Enrico , Marks Natalie , Puggioni Alessandra , Shiferson Alexander , Tran Victor , Jacob Theresa 
Published: May 2011

Objective: Due to the inherent risks, deficiencies and cost associated with contrast arteriography (CA), our group has been utitilizing duplex arteriography (DA) for evaluating the arteries of the lower extremity for patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization. In an effort to further explore the strengths and weaknesses of DA, we reviewed our evolving experience with DA from January 1, 1998, to January 1, 2005. Patients and Methods: The arterial segments starting from mid-abdominal aorta to the pedal arteries were studied in cross-sectional and longitudinal planes using a variety of scanheads of 7–4, 10–5, 12–5, 5–2 and 3–2 MHz extended operative frequency range to obtain high-quality B-mode, color and power Doppler images as well as velocity spectra. In 906 patients, 1,020 duplex arteriograms were obtained. The ages ranged from 30–98 years old with a mean of 73±11 (SD) years. Fifty percent of the patients were diabetics. Indications for the examination included: tissue loss (409), rest pain (221), claudication (310), acute ischemia (74), popliteal aneurysm (45), SFA aneurysm (2), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) (10) and failing bypass (55). Prior procedures had been performed in 262. DA was performed by six technologists (4 of whom are MDs). In all, 207 DA were performed intraoperatively and the remainder, preoperatively. Results: The resultant procedures based upon DA included: bypass to the popliteal artery (262) and bypass to an infrapopliteal artery (325), endovascular procedures (363), thrombectomy (11), embolectomy (9), inflow bypass procedures to the femoral arteries (46), débridment (4), amputation (8) and no intervention (75). The areas not visualized well included: iliac (73), femoral (26), popliteal (17), and infrapopliteal (221). Additional imaging after DA was deemed necessary in 102 cases to obtain enough information to plan lower extremity revascularization. Factors associated with increased need to obtain CA included: DM ( p<.001), infrapopliteal calcification ( p<.001), older age ( p = .01) and limb threatening ischemia ( p<.001). Factors not associated with the need to obtain CA included: which technologist performed the exam, whether the technologist has a medical degree and whether the patient underwent prior revascularization. Conclusions: In 90% of patients reviewed, DA is able to obtain the needed information to plan lower extremity revascularization. Severe tibial vessel calcification is the most common cause of an incomplete DA exam and determines when alternative imaging modalities need to be obtained.
Collective Experience with Hybrid Procedures for Suprarenal and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms
Authors: van de Mortel Rob H.W. , Vahl Anco C. , Balm Ron , Buth Jaap , Hamming Jaap F. , Schurink Geert W.H. , de Vries Jean-Paul P.M. 
Published: May 2011

Not every patient is fit for open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair, nor is every TAAA or juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm suitable for branched or fenestrated endovascular exclusion. The hybrid procedure consists of debranching of the renal and visceral arteries followed by endovascular exclusion of the aneurysm and might be an alternative in these patients. Between May 2004 and March 2006, 16 patients were treated with a hybrid procedure. The indications were recurrent suprarenal or thoracoabdominal aneurysms after previous abdominal and/or thoracic aortic surgery ( n = 8), type I to III TAAAs ( n = 3), proximal type I endoleak after endovascular repair ( n = 2), penetrating ulcer of the juxtarenal aorta ( n = 1), visceral patch aneurysm after type IV open repair ( n = 1), and primary suprarenal aneurysm ( n = 1). Eight (50%) of 16 patients were judged to be unfit for open TAAA repair. The hospital mortality rate was 31% (5 of 16). Four of five deceased patients were unfit for thoracophrenic laparotomy. Two patients died from cardiac complications and three from visceral ischemia. No spinal cord ischemia was detected, and temporary renal failure occurred in four patients (25%). The mean follow-up was 13 months (range 6–28 months). During follow-up, no additional grafts occluded and no patients died. Hybrid procedures are technically feasible but have substantial mortality (31%), especially in patients unfit for open repair (80%). They might be indicated when urgent TAAA surgery is required or when vascular anatomy is unfavorable for fenestrated endografts in patients with extensive previous open aortic surgery.
La agricultura en el area periurbana de Valencia (l'Horta Nord) : evolución reciente de las estructuras agrarias
Authors: Delios España Elizabeth 
Published: May 2011

L'agriculture dans l'aire périurbaine de Valence (La Huerta nord) : évolution récente des structures agraires.
Dans l'aire métropolitaine de Valencia -L'Horta, espace agricole par excellence-, coexistent des activités très diverses et parfois antagonistes. L'agriculture, qui se maintient dans cet espace fortement urbanisé, a dû s'adapter à une nouvelle réalité plus complexe dans laquelle la valeur foncière et les rentes d'opportunité sont les facteurs pris en compte, consciemment ou inconsciemment, par les exploitants-propriétaires. Ce travail analyse les mécanismes d'adaptation des exploitations de L'Horta Nord, spécialement dans la commune d'Alboraya, pour la période 1962-1989, pendant laquelle l'intensité de la concurrence entre les exploitations a varié en fonction du marché foncier et des autres facteurs de production. Dans la période étudiée, plus de 30% de la surface agricole communale a changé d'usage et de qualification faute d'un plan d' occupation des sols suffisamment restrictif. La requalification du sol et les mutations foncières ont entraîné la cessation d'activité pour beaucoup d'exploitations, bien que leur nombre n'ait pas diminué avec autant d'intensité. Le fractionnement continu de la propriété par héritage a compensé les pertes par cessation d'activité agricole : les petites exploitations sont de plus en plus nombreuses et leur taille moyenne est déplus en plus faible. La faible surface des exploitations, impossible à étendre étant donné le prix élevé du sol, a favorisé l'expansion de l'agriculture à temps partiel dès lors que les autres secteurs économiques offraient des emplois. Les ressources complémentaires obtenues hors de l'agriculture ont permis le maintien d'unités non rentables au plan de la production mais avec une forte valeur patrimoniale, entraînant une ré-orientation des cultures et des formes de gestion.
A regional approach for the assessment of degradation risk in a temperate Mediterranean Coastal area / Une approche régionale de l'évaluation du risque de dégradation dans un espace côtier de climat tempéré méditerranéen
Authors: Jongejans Jan , Berkhout Johan A. A. , Kooyman Annemieke M. , Sevink Jan 
Published: May 2011

Les cartes de risque de dégradation du milieu sont des outils pour la planification et la gestion de l'utilisation du sol à un niveau régional. Dans cette étude, un Système d'Information Géographique a été utilisé pour produire de telles cartes d'une région montagneuse du nord-est de l'Espagne. Les images satellitaires (Landsat-TM) sont utilisées pour une classification supervisée de la végétation. A partir d'un Modèle Numérique de Terrain les caractéristiques des pentes utiles pour l'étude de la dégradation des sols sont calculées (par exemple, la forme de la pente, l'angle de la pente). Les cartes géologiques sont digitalisées. Un vaste ensemble de données de terrain sur la végétation, les profils de matière organique et les caractéristiques de l'érosion des sols a été collecté pour établir les relations de ces paramètres avec la dégradation des sols, formant une matrice de corrélations.
Des études détaillées sur parcelles ont montré clairement le rôle important du profil de matière organique. Les formes d'humus étaient plus liées à la position sur le caténa et au type de végétation qu'à la géologie et à l'exposition. Les expériences de simulation de pluie ont donné des réponses différentes en fonction des positions sur les caténas et des types de végétation, chacun ayant un profil de matière organique différent.
Un système de classement a été développé pour combiner les données de la matrice de corrélations avec les données déjà disponibles dans le SIG et fournir des cartes de risque de dégradation potentielle.
Flexible Digital Library Search
Authors: Windhouwer Menzo , Schmidt Albrecht , van Zwol Roelof , Petkovic Milan , Blok Henk E. 
Published: May 2011

In this chapter the development of a specialised search engine for a digital library is described. The proposed system architecture consists of three levels: the conceptual, the logical and the physical level. The conceptual level schema enables by its exposure of a domain specific schema semantically rich conceptual search. The logical level provides a description language to achieve a high degree of flexibility for multimedia retrieval. The physical level takes care of scalable and efficient persistent data storage. The role, played by each level, changes during the various stages of a search engine’s lifecycle: (1) modeling the index, (2) populating and maintaining the index and (3) querying the index. The integration of all this functionality allows the combination of both conceptual and content-based querying in the query stage. A search engine for the Australian Open tennis tournament website is used as a running example, which shows the power of the complete architecture and its various components.
M-Commerce in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Schrauben Mark , Solak Rick , Tanniru Mohan 
Published: May 2011

The telematics technology, intended to streamline the information processing requirements of consumers driving a vehicle, has brought to surface the need for integrating the information technology architectures of various service providers with the manufacturing technologies of various automotive firms. While system integration has always been an issue when multiple vendors are involved in providing enterprise-wide solutions in business, this issue takes on greater prominence when it can impact the privacy and security of the driving public as a whole. This article briefly looks at various opportunities telematics can provide to satisfy the “mobile” society, and discusses the organizational behavior required to operationalize the technological capability and inter-company behavior to enable flexible business models. It will also discuss the role multiple business and government leaders have to play to ensure that these opportunities do not come at a significant social cost.
Secure Data Dissemination
Authors: Berino Elisa , Carminati Barbara , Ferrari Elena 
Published: May 2011

In this chapter, we present the main security issues related to the selective dissemination of information (SDI system). More precisely, after provided an overview of the work carried out in this field, we have focused on the security properties that a secure SDI system (SSDI system) must satisfy and on some of the strategies and mechanisms that can be used to ensure them. Indeed, since XML is the today emerging standard for data exchange over the Web, we have casted our attention on Secure and Selective XML data dissemination (SSXD). As a result, we have presented a SSXD system providing a comprehensive solution to XML documents. In the proposed chapter, we also consider innovative architecture for the data dissemination, by suggesting a SSXD system exploiting the third-party architecture, since this architecture is receiving growing attention as a new paradigm for data dissemination over the web. In a third-party architecture, there is a distinction between the Owner and the Publisher of information. The Owner is the producer of the information, whereas Publishers are responsible for managing (a portion of) the Owner information and for answering user queries. A relevant issue in this architecture is how the Owner can ensure a secure dissemination of its data, even if the data are managed by a third-party. Such scenario requires a redefinition of dissemination mechanisms developed for the traditional SSXD system. Indeed, the traditional techniques cannot be exploited in a third party scenario. For instance, let us consider the traditional digital signature techniques, used to ensure data integrity and authenticity. In a third party scenario, that is, a scenario where a third party may prune some of the nodes of the original document based on user queries, the traditional digital signature is not applicable, since its correctness is based on the requirement that the signing and verification process are performed on exactly the same bits.
Planning for Multimedia Learning
Authors: Fahy Patrick J. 
Published: May 2011

Multimedia tools, applied with awareness of the realities of organizational culture, structures and finances, have been shown to enhance the performance of learning systems. If some predictable pitfalls are avoided, and proven pedagogical design principles and appropriate vehicles (including the Internet) are used effectively, multimedia can permit greater individualization, in turn fostering improved learning, learner satisfaction, and completion rates.
The Interplay of Teaching Conceptions and Course Management System Design
Authors: Apedoe Xornam S. 
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relationship between instructors’ conceptions of teaching and the design and use of course management systems in instruction. Understanding this relationship helps us to understand why instructors are using course management systems in the ways they do. Subsequently, we can use our understanding to help define what future generations of course management systems look like and how we as instructors might use them.
A Duplicate Chinese Document Image Retrieval System
Authors: Chan Yung-Kuan , Ho Yu-An , Wu Hsien-Chu , Chu Yen-Ping 
Published: May 2011

An optical character recognition (OCR) system enables a user to feed an article directly into an electronic computer file and translate the optically scanned bitmaps of text characters into machine-readable codes; that is, ASCII, Chinese GB, as well as Big5 codes, and then edits it by using a word processor. OCR is hence being employed by libraries to digitize and preserve their holdings. Billions of letters are sorted every day by OCR machines, which can considerably speed up mail delivery.
Market of Resources for Agile/Virtual Enterprise Integration
Authors: Cunha Maria Manuela , Putnik Goran D. 
Published: May 2011

Fast change, uncertainty, and strong competition are challenges of the actual worldwide economic context. Competitiveness is a main requirement of enterprises, whose satisfaction requires the definition of new organisational concepts, with extremely high performances that are strongly time-oriented while highly focused on cost and quality. Several factors appear as supreme factors of competitiveness: (1) the organisations’ capability to achieve and explore competitive advantages in synergy, by using or integrating the optimal available resources for the functions that the organisation undertakes; (2) the capability of fast adaptability to the market; together with (3) the capability of managing all business processes independently of distance, to be achieved through the recent virtual enterprise (VE) organisational models (Cunha & Putnik, 2002; Cunha, Putnik, & Ávila, 2000).
Stakeholders in Web-Based Education
Authors: Aggarwal A. K. 
Published: May 2011

As we move from a focus on data acquisition to a knowledge-based society, just-in-time and just-in-place education is becoming a necessity. Web-based education (WBE), an innovation of the twentieth century, provides anytime, anyplace education to anybody— irrespective of time, social status or distance. WBE extends from same-time-same-place (synchronous) to anytime-anyplace (asynchronous) environments (Aggarwal & Legon. 2003; Zhang, 2004). With advances in the Internet and the Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), the traditional emphasis on classroom instruction is disappearing and the particular media used in instruction is becoming less relevant (Alavi & Leidner, 2001; Benbunan-Fich, 2002; Berghel & Sallach, 20041). Learning can be accomplished through face-to-face class meetings or using the radio, CDs, television, or the Web. Just as in face-to-face education, it is becoming feasible to develop learning skills and critical thinking through the Web (Zhang, 2004). Many researchers are suggesting a “blended” approach, where part of the class is offered online and another part of the class is face-to-face (Turoff & Aggarwal, 2004). This gives the stakeholders, the nuclei of WBE, flexibility in selecting the medium of instruction.