bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEADING STRATEGY EXECUTION
Authors: Edinger Scott K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe author, who is recognized as an expert in the intersection of leadership, strategy, and sales, contends that “if leaders are going to successfully drive the execution of their organization’s strategy, they need to strike the right balance of defining the work to be done and providing the boundaries for how it will be done.” He notes that for “leading strategy execution, I employ a model called magnets and milestones, a simple metaphorical model that offers a bridge from the strategy developed by leaders over to the execution required to realize the plan.” He explains that “the first level of magnets is what many of my clients call strategic initiatives, a kind of super project that is designed to address the needs identified in their organization’s strategy.” And within milestones, “too often, metrics become a substitute for strategy. But metrics are not milestones. They don’t help to make course corrections, allocate resources, or support decision‐making. Milestones do.” He concludes that the framework “allows you to rapidly spot issues with implementation that you need to be aware of and address. More importantly, magnets and milestones are not a substitute for strategy. They are an extension of it.”
Does the digital economy development improve or exacerbate income inequality? International evidence
Authors: Wang Feng , Shen Shaoxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the fast development of the digital economy, this study concentrates on the influence of digital economy development on income inequality in 97 countries. Three results are discovered. Firstly, the digital economy development contributes to improving income inequality, but this effect is weakened by the moderating effect of globalization globally. Secondly, digital economic development improves income inequality in lower‐middle‐income and low‐income countries; while the high‐income countries and upper‐middle‐income are not significant. Thirdly, the mechanisms reducing inequality are explored in terms of generating industries with low barriers to new entrants, reducing labor market information asymmetries, and promoting human capital equalization.
Digital ecosystem, entrepreneurial ecosystem and economic development as enablers of digital technology entrepreneurship
Authors: Ali Jabir , Jabeen Zakia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the digital ecosystem (DES), entrepreneurial ecosystem (EES) and economic development (ED) indicators as key determinants of digital technology entrepreneurship (DTE) across the globe. The correlation matrix depicts an important relationship between DTE, DES, EES and ED. Further, the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) results show that DES and EES have a favourable and significant influence on the establishment of digital technology entrepreneurship (DTE) globally. However, the ED, though, has a positive and significant impact on EES and DES, not directly impacting DTE. The study is useful to various stakeholders such as entrepreneurs, funding agencies, policymakers and researchers in their decision‐making process.
Metabolism of 11′‐α‐ and 11′‐γ‐Tocomonoenols in HepG2 Cells Favors the γ‐Congener and Results Predominantly in Carboxymethylbutyl‐Hydroxychromans
Authors: Montoya‐Arroyo Alexander , Brand Viola , Kröpfl Alexander , Vetter Walter , Frank Jan 
Published: May 2024

ScopeTocomonoenols (T1) are little‐known vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in foods. Limited knowledge exists regarding the cellular uptake and metabolism of α‐tocomonoenol (αT1) and none about that of γ‐tocomonoenol (γT1).Methods and resultsThe study investigates the cytotoxicity, uptake, and metabolism of αT1 and γT1 in HepG2 cells compared to the α‐ and γ‐tocopherols (T) and ‐tocotrienols (T3). None of the studied tocochromanols are cytotoxic up to 100 µmol L−1. The uptake of the γ‐congeners is significantly higher than that of the corresponding α‐forms, whereas no significant differences are observed based on the degree of saturation of the sidechain. Carboxymethylbutyl‐hydroxychromans (CMBHC) are the predominant short‐chain metabolites of all tocochromanols and conversion is higher for γT1 than αT1 as well as for the γ‐congeners of T and T3. The rate of metabolism increases with the number of double bonds in the sidechain. The rate of metabolic conversion of the T1 is more similar to tocopherols than to that of the tocotrienols.ConclusionThis is the first evidence that both αT1 and γT1 follow the same sidechain degradation pathway and exert similar rates of metabolism than tocopherols. Therefore, investigation into the biological activities of tocomonoenols is warranted.
Noise power spectrum (NPS) in computed tomography: Enabling local NPS measurement without stationarity and ergodicity assumptions
Authors: Zhang Chengzhu , Li Ke , Zhang Ran , Chen Guang‐Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundConventional methods for estimating the noise power spectrum (NPS) often necessitate multiple computed tomography (CT) data acquisitions and are required to satisfy stringent stationarity and ergodicity conditions, which prove challenging in CT imaging systems.PurposeThe aim was to revisit the conventional NPS estimation method, leading to a new framework that estimates local NPS without relying on stationarity or ergodicity, thus facilitating experimental NPS estimations.MethodsThe scientific foundation of the conventional CT NPS measurement method, based on the Wiener‐Khintchine theorem, was reexamined, emphasizing the critical conditions of stationarity and ergodicity. This work proposes an alternative framework, characterized by its independence from stationarity and ergodicity, and its ability to facilitate local NPS estimations. A spatial average of local NPS over a Region of Interest (ROI) yields the conventional NPS for that ROI. The connections and differences between the proposed alternative method and the conventional method are discussed. Experimental studies were conducted to validate the new method.Results(1) The NPS estimated using the conventional method was demonstrated to correspond to the spatial average of pointwise NPS from the proposed NPS estimation framework. (2) The NPS estimated over an ROI with the conventional method was shown to be the sum of the NPS estimated from the proposed method and a contribution from measurement uncertainty. (3) Local NPS estimations from the proposed method in this work elucidate the impact of surrounding image content on local NPS variations.ConclusionThe NPS estimation method proposed in this work allows for the estimation of local NPS without relying on stationarity and ergodicity conditions, offering local NPS estimations with significantly improved precision.
Numerical algorithm for estimating a conditioned symmetric positive definite matrix under constraints
Authors: Livne Oren E. , Castellano Katherine E. , McCaffrey Dan F. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWe present RCO (regularized Cholesky optimization): a numerical algorithm for finding a symmetric positive definite (PD) matrix with a bounded condition number that minimizes an objective function. This task arises when estimating a covariance matrix from noisy data or due to model constraints, which can cause spurious small negative eigenvalues. A special case is the problem of finding the nearest well‐conditioned PD matrix to a given matrix. RCO explicitly optimizes the entries of the Cholesky factor. This requires solving a regularized non‐linear, non‐convex optimization problem, for which we apply Newton‐CG and exploit the Hessian's sparsity. The regularization parameter is determined via numerical continuation with an accuracy‐conditioning trade‐off criterion. We apply RCO to our motivating educational measurement application of estimating the covariance matrix of an empirical best linear prediction (EBLP) of school growth scores. We present numerical results for two empirical datasets, state and urban. RCO outperforms general‐purpose near‐PD algorithms, obtaining ‐smaller matrix reconstruction bias and smaller EBLP estimator mean‐squared error. It is in fact the only algorithm that solves the right minimization problem, which strikes a balance between the objective function and the condition number. RCO can be similarly applied to the stable estimation of other posterior means. For the task of finding the nearest PD matrix, RCO yields similar condition numbers to near‐PD methods, but provides a better overall near‐null space.
Assessments of Subjective Visual Gravity and Spontaneous Nystagmus in Patients With Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Xia Shan , Lai Yajing , Dong Lingkang , Yu Dongzhen , Li Zhuangzhuang , Xing Yazhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the correlation between the spontaneous nystagmus (SN) and the subjective visual vertical/horizontal (SVV/SVH) among patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) at the different head positions.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingAffiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.MethodsThis study evaluated the SVV/SVH in both healthy subjects and patients with VN. These evaluations were performed in 5 different head positions: upright, 45° tilt to the left, 90° tilt to the left, 45° tilt to the right, and 90° tilt to the right. Additionally, the intensity of SN, as measured by slow‐phase velocity, was recorded.ResultsIn patients with VN, a significant correlation was observed between SN and SVV/SVH in an upright position. The intensity of SN was higher when the head was tilted 90° toward the affected side compared to other positions. The SVV/SVH displayed an ipsiversive shift, when the head was tilted toward both the lesion and unaffected sides, exhibiting a contraversive direction. Furthermore, the changes in position‐induced SN were consistent with the displacements of SVV and SVH caused by head tilt.ConclusionThe presence of SN in patients with VN was observed to vary across different head position. These variations could potentially be attributed to the diverse activation patterns of the mechanical properties of otolith organs that are induced by head tilts.
The development of fatigue after treatment for pediatric brain tumors does not differ between tumor locations
Authors: Irestorm Elin , Schouten‐van Meeteren Antoinette Y. N. , van Gorp Marloes , Twisk Jos W. R. , van Santen Hanneke M. , Partanen Marita , Grootenhuis Martha A. , van Litsenburg Raphaele R. L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren and adolescents treated for a brain tumor suffer from more fatigue than survivors of other types of childhood cancer. As tumor location might be predictive of fatigue, our aim was to investigate the longitudinal development of fatigue in children with brain tumors and risk factors for fatigue separately for different tumor locations.MethodsFatigue was assessed 1235 times for 425 participants. Self‐report versions of PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale were used to repeatedly assess fatigue from the end of treatment up to 8 years later. Mixed models were used to analyze fatigue over time and determinants separately for infratentorial (N = 205), supratentorial hemispheric (N = 91), and supratentorial midline tumors (N = 129).ResultsCognitive fatigue worsened with time, while sleep‐rest and general fatigue first decreased and then increased. There was no difference in fatigue between the tumor locations, but the risk factors differed when stratified by location. Radiotherapy was associated with more fatigue for infratentorial tumors, and centralization of care was associated with less fatigue for the supratentorial midline tumors. For supratentorial hemispheric tumors, female sex was associated with more fatigue. Higher parental education was associated with less fatigue regardless of tumor location.ConclusionsThe development of fatigue seems to be more related to sociodemographic and treatment variables than to tumor location. Healthcare providers need to be aware that fatigue may develop in the years following end of treatment, and that patients with a low/middle educational family background might be more vulnerable and in need of targeted support.
The efficacy of curcumin supplementation on serum total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pourhabibi‐Zarandi Fatemeh , Rafraf Maryam , Zayeni Habib , Asghari‐Jafarabadi Mohammad , Ebrahimi Ali‐Asghar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOxidative stress plays a crucial role in the physiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is associated with impaired antioxidant defenses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and disease activity in women with RA. In this clinical trial, 48 women with RA were treated with one capsule of curcumin (500 mg daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and end of the study. Finally, we assessed the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS‐28), dietary intake, and physical activity levels. While curcumin supplementation for 8 weeks significantly increased the serum levels of TAC (p < 0.05), it decreased tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and DAS‐28 compared to the placebo at the end of the study (p < 0.001 for all). MDA levels significantly decreased in the curcumin group (p < 0.05). However, changes in MDA concentration were not significant between groups at the end of the trial (p = 0.145). Curcumin supplementation had a beneficial effect on increasing the serum levels of TAC and decreased DAS‐28 in women with RA.
Generation of Multiparticle Knill‐Laflamme‐Milburn States in Circuit QED via Counter‐Rotating Interactions
Authors: Liu Yang , Shi Zhi‐Cheng , Song Jie , Chen Ye‐Hong , Xia Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA protocol is proposed for generating three‐particle Knill‐Laflamme‐Milburn (KLM) states in a system composed of two frequency‐tunable flux qubits and a coplanar waveguide resonator. With the help of the counter‐rotating interaction, the protocol for generating three‐particle KLM states can be realized. The numerical results reveal that the protocol is robust against the effects induced by decoherence and frequency‐tuning operations. It is hope that the protocol provides an alternative method to generate entangled states.
Recent Advances in Catalyst Design and Performance Optimization of Nanostructured Cathode Materials in Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Shi Haiyang , Gao Sanshuang , Liu Xijun , Wang Yin , Zhou Shuxing , Liu Qian , Zhang Lei , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review focuses on the advanced design and optimization of nanostructured zinc–air batteries (ZABs), with the aim of boosting their energy storage and conversion capabilities. The findings show that ZABs favor porous nanostructures owing to their large surface area, and this enhances the battery capacity, catalytic activity, and life cycle. In addition, the nanomaterials improve the electrical conductivity, ion transport, and overall battery stability, which crucially reduces dendrite growth on the zinc anodes and improves cycle life and energy efficiency. To obtain a superior performance, the importance of controlling the operational conditions and using custom nanostructural designs, optimal electrode materials, and carefully adjusted electrolytes is highlighted. In conclusion, porous nanostructures and nanoscale materials significantly boost the energy density, longevity, and efficiency of Zn–air batteries. It is suggested that future research should focus on the fundamental design principles of these materials to further enhance the battery performance and drive sustainable energy solutions.
Toward the Production of Super Graphene
Authors: Qing Fangzhu , Guo Xiaomeng , Hou Yuting , Ning Congcong , Wang Qisong , Li Xuesong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe quality requirements of graphene depend on the applications. Some have a high tolerance for graphene quality and even require some defects, while others require graphene as perfect as possible to achieve good performance. So far, synthesis of large‐area graphene films by chemical vapor deposition of carbon precursors on metal substrates, especially on Cu, remains the main way to produce high‐quality graphene, which has been significantly developed in the past 15 years. However, although many prototypes are demonstrated, their performance is still more or less far from the theoretical property limit of graphene. This review focuses on how to make super graphene, namely graphene with a perfect structure and free of contaminations. More specially, this study focuses on graphene synthesis on Cu substrates. Typical defects in graphene are first discussed together with the formation mechanisms and how they are characterized normally, followed with a brief review of graphene properties and the effects of defects. Then, the synthesis progress of super graphene from the aspects of substrate, grain size, wrinkles, contamination, adlayers, and point defects are reviewed. Graphene transfer is briefly discussed as well. Finally, the challenges to make super graphene are discussed and a strategy is proposed.
Catalyst Supraparticles: Tuning the Structure of Spray‐Dried Pt/SiO2 Supraparticles via Salt‐Based Colloidal Manipulation to Control their Catalytic Performance
Authors: Groppe Philipp , Reichstein Jakob , Carl Simon , Cuadrado Collados Carlos , Niebuur Bart‐Jan , Zhang Kailun , Apeleo Zubiri Benjamin , Libuda Jörg , Kraus Tobias , Retzer Tanja , Thommes Matthias , Spiecker Erdmann , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe structure of supraparticles (SPs) is a key parameter for achieving advanced functionalities arising from the combination of different nanoparticle (NP) types in one hierarchical entity. However, whenever a droplet‐assisted forced assembly approach is used, e.g., spray‐drying, the achievable structure is limited by the inherent drying phenomena of the method. In particular, mixed NP dispersions of differently sized colloids are heavily affected by segregation during the assembly. Herein, the influence of the colloidal arrangement of Pt and SiO2 NPs within a single supraparticulate entity is investigated. A salt‐based electrostatic manipulation approach of the utilized NPs is proposed to customize the structure of spray‐dried Pt/SiO2 SPs. By this, size‐dependent separation phenomena of NPs during solvent evaporation, that limit the catalytic performance in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, are overcome by achieving even Pt NP distribution. Additionally, the textural properties (pore size and distribution) of the SiO2 pore framework are altered to improve the mass transfer within the material leading to increased catalytic activity. The suggested strategy demonstrates a powerful, material‐independent, and universally applicable approach to deliberately customize the structure and functionality of multi‐component SP systems. This opens up new ways of colloidal material combinations and structural designs in droplet‐assisted forced assembly approaches like spray‐drying.
Sub‐Band Assisted Z‐Scheme for Effective Non‐Sacrificial H2O2 Photosynthesis
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Zhou Tao , Yang Yuchen , Du Lili , Xia Ruiqin , Shang Congxiao , Phillips David Lee , Guo Zhengxiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotosynthesis of H2O2 from earth‐abundant O2 and H2O molecules offers an eco‐friendly route for solar‐to‐chemical conversion. The persistent challenge is to tune the photo‐/thermo‐ dynamics of a photocatalyst toward efficient electron–hole separation while maintaining an effective driving force for charge transfer. Such a case is achieved here by way of a synergetic strategy of sub‐band‐assisted Z‐Scheme for effective H2O2 photosynthesis via direct O2 reduction and H2O oxidation without a sacrificial agent. The optimized SnS2/g‐C3N4 heterojunction shows a high reactivity of 623.0 µmol g−1 h−1 for H2O2 production under visible‐light irradiation (λ > 400 nm) in pure water, ≈6 times higher than pristine g‐C3N4 (100.5 µmol g−1 h−1). Photodynamic characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the enhanced photoactivity is due to a markedly promoted lifetime of trapped active electrons (204.9 ps in the sub‐band and >2.0 ns in a shallow band) and highly improved O2 activation, as a result of the formation of a suitable sub‐band and catalytic sites along with a low Gibbs‐free energy for charge transfer. Moreover, the Z‐Scheme heterojunction creates and sustains a large driving force for O2 and H2O conversion to high value‐added H2O2.
Improvement of Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency by Management of the Electron Withdrawing Groups in Hole Transport Materials: Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification
Authors: Qi Jiayi , Wang Ruiqin , Zeng Ye , Gao Xing , Chen Xin , Shen Wei , Wu Fei , Li Ming , He Rongxing , Liu Xiaorui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManagement of functional groups in hole transporting materials (HTMs) is a feasible strategy to improve perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency. Therefore, starting from the carbazole–diphenylamine‐based JY7 molecule, JY8 and JY9 molecules are incorporated into the different electron‐withdrawing groups of fluorine and cyano groups on the side chains. The theoretical results reveal that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing groups of JY8 and JY9 can improve these highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, intermolecular stacking arrangements, and stronger interface adsorption on the perovskite. Especially, the results of molecular dynamics (MD) indicate that the fluorinated JY8 molecule can yield a preferred surface orientation, which exhibits stronger interface adsorption on the perovskite. To validate the computational model, the JY7‐JY9 are synthesized and assembled into PSC devices. Experimental results confirm that the HTMs of JY8 exhibit outstanding performance, such as high hole mobility, low defect density, and efficient hole extraction. Consequently, the PSC devices based on JY8 achieve a higher PCE than those of JY7 and JY9. This work highlights the management of the electron‐withdrawing groups in HTMs to realize the goal of designing HTMs for the improvement of PSC efficiency.