bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the metabolism of propranolol by linear ion trap technology in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human cryopreserved hepatocytes
Authors: Baughman Todd M. , Talarico Christine L. , Soglia John R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPropranolol is a widely used quality control and validation compound for liver microsome and hepatocyte metabolism studies. A multitude of literature reports describing the identification of propranolol metabolites exists today. However, no literature reports currently exist showing hepatocyte metabolism across the five species commonly used during pre‐clinical drug discovery, namely mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human. Herein, we present full metabolic profiles of propranolol in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human hepatocytes. As expected, extensive phase I and phase II metabolism was observed across all five species and species‐specific metabolites were detected in monkey and dog hepatocytes. Of particular interest was the detection of anN‐hydroxylamine glucuronide metabolite in monkey and dog hepatocytes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid mixing of Gibbs sampling on graphs that are sparse on average
Authors: Mossel Elchanan , Sly Allan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGibbs sampling also known as Glauber dynamics is a popular technique for sampling high dimensional distributions defined on graphs. Of special interest is the behavior of Gibbs sampling on the Erdős‐Rényi random graphG(n,d/n), where each edge is chosen independently with probabilityd/nanddis fixed. While the average degree inG(n,d/n) isd(1 ‐o(1)), it contains many nodes of degree of order logn/log logn.The existence of nodes of almost logarithmic degrees implies that for many natural distributions defined onG(n,p) such as uniform coloring (with a constant number of colors) or the Ising model at any fixed inverse temperature β, the mixing time of Gibbs sampling is at leastn1+Ω(1/log logn). Recall that the Ising model with inverse temperature β defined on a graphG= (V,E) is the distribution over {±}Vgiven by$ P(\sigma) = {1 \over Z} \exp (\beta \Sigma_{(v,u)\varepsilon E}\ \sigma(v)\sigma(u)) $. High degree nodes pose a technical challenge in proving polynomial time mixing of the dynamics for many models including the Ising model and coloring. Almost all known sufficient conditions in terms of β or number of colors needed for rapid mixing of Gibbs samplers are stated in terms of the maximum degree of the underlying graph.In this work, we show that for everyd< ∞ and the Ising model defined onG(n,d/n), there exists a βd> 0, such that for all β < βdwith probability going to 1 asn→∞, the mixing time of the dynamics onG(n,d/n) is polynomial inn. Our results are the first polynomial time mixing results proven for a natural model onG(n,d/n) ford> 1 where the parameters of the model do not depend onn. They also provide a rare example where one can prove a polynomial time mixing of Gibbs sampler in a situation where the actual mixing time is slower thannpolylog(n). Our proof exploits in novel ways the local tree like structure of Erdős‐Rényi random graphs, comparison and block dynamics arguments and a recent result of Weitz.Our results extend to much more general families of graphs which are sparse in some average sense and to much more general interactions. In particular, they apply to any graph for which every vertexvof the graph has a neighborhoodN(v) of radiusO(logn) in which the induced sub‐graph is a tree union at mostO(logn) edges and where for each simple path inN(v) the sum of the vertex degrees along the path isO(logn). Moreover, our result apply also in the case of arbitrary external fields and provide the first FPRAS for sampling the Ising distribution in this case. We finally present a non Markov Chain algorithm for sampling the distribution which is effective for a wider range of parameters. In particular, forG(n,d/n) it applies for all external fields and β < βd, wheredtanh(βd) = 1 is the critical point for decay of correlation for the Ising model onG(n,d/n). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Networks of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid on Thin Films of NaCl on Au(111)
Authors: Bombis Christian , Kalashnyk Nataliya , Xu Wei , Lægsgaard Erik , Besenbacher Flemming , Linderoth Trolle R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSelf‐assembly of organized molecular structures on insulators is technologically very relevant, but in general rather challenging to achieve due to the comparatively weak molecule–substrate interactions. Here the self‐assembly of a bimolecular hydrogen‐bonded network formed by melamine (M) and cyanuric acid (CA) on ultrathin NaCl films grown on a Au(111) surface is reported. Using scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions it is demonstrated that it is possible to exploit strong intermolecular forces in the M–CA system, resulting from complementary triple hydrogen bonds, to grow 2D bimolecular networks on an ultrathin NaCl film that are stable at a relatively high temperature of ≈160 K and at a coverage below saturation of the first molecular monolayer. These hydrogen‐bonded structures on NaCl are identical to the self‐assembled structures observed for the M–CA system on Au(111), which indicates that the molecular self‐assembly is not significantly affected by the isolating NaCl substrate.
Non‐centrosymmetric rubidium rare‐earth nitrates Rb2RE(NO3)5 · 4H2O: Crystal growth and optical properties
Authors: Bohatý Ladislav , Held Peter , Becker Petra 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLarge single crystals of optical quality of the isomorphic, non‐centrosymmetric, monoclinic (space group Cc) compounds Rb2LA(NO3)5 · 4H2O and Rb2Ce(NO3)5 · 4H2O were grown. The determination of precise refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength region 0.365–1.083 μm allowed a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions for nonlinear optical second harmonic generation. Type I phase matching conditions can be realized in both crystals for a wide frequency range. Our X‐ray structure determination of Rb2Nd(NO3)5 · 4H2O and Rb2Pr(NO3)5 · 4H2O shows that both compounds are isomorphic to the lanthanum and cerium compounds.
Effects and mechanisms of proton pump inhibitors as a novel chemosensitizer on human gastric adenocarcinoma (SGC7901) cells
Authors: Chen Min , Zou Xiaoping , Luo Hesheng , Cao Jun , Zhang Xiaoqi , Zhang Bin , Liu Wenjia 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUpregulation of proton extrusion is critical for tumor cell survival in an ischemic microenvironment with a lower extracellular pH (pHe). Lower pHe and higher intracellular pH (pHi) benefit cancer cells for invasion and growth. Vacuolar H+‐ATPases (V‐H+‐ATPases) play a critical role in regulating the transmembrane pH gradient. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), mainly treating acid‐related diseases, could inhibit the expression of V‐H+‐ATPases. We have investigated whether PPI decreases the pHi of the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, SGC7901, by inhibiting V‐H+‐ATPases so as to enhance the cytotoxicity of anti‐tumor drugs. We have assessed the optimal treatment time, pretreatment dosage of PPI and the possible mechanism of action. PPI exceeding 10 μg/ml inhibited protein expression of V‐H+‐ATPases in a dose‐dependent manner, decreased the pHi value and reversed the transmembrane pH gradient, whereas PPI at final concentration of 1 μg/ml could not. Changes of the pH gradient were positively correlated with PPI concentration. The inhibitory effects of PPI on V‐H+‐ATPases primarily occurs from 12 h to 24 h after PPI pretreatment (P < 0.05). The pHi value of SGC7901 was lowest 24 h after PPI pretreatment (P < 0.05). Administration of anti‐tumor drugs 24 h after PPI pretreatment produced the most cytotoxic effects on SGC7901 (P < 0.05) and significantly improved the early and total apoptosis rates (P < 0.01). PPI exceeding 20 μg/ml also significantly reduced the ADR‐releasing index, thereby enhancing the intracellular ADR concentration (P < 0.01). Therefore, PPI could enhance the cytotoxic effects of anti‐tumor drugs on the SGC7901 cells.
The nociceptive withdrawal reflex: Normative values of thresholds and reflex receptive fields
Authors: Neziri Alban Y. , Andersen Ole K. , Petersen‐Felix Steen , Radanov Bogdan , Dickenson Anthony H. , Scaramozzino Pasquale , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Curatolo Michele 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAssessments of spinal nociceptive withdrawal reflexes can be used in human research both to evaluate the effect of analgesics and explore pain mechanisms related to sensitization. Before the reflex can be used as a clinical tool, normative values need to be determined in large scale studies. The aim of this study was to determine the reference values of spinal nociceptive reflexes and subjective pain thresholds (to single and repeated stimulation), and of the area of the reflex receptive fields (RRF) in 300 pain‐free volunteers. The influences of gender, age, height, weight, body‐mass index (BMI), body side of testing, depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and parameters of Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) were analyzed by multiple regressions. The 95% confidence intervals were determined for all the tests as normative values. Age had a statistically and quantitatively significant impact on the subjective pain threshold to single stimuli. The reflex threshold to single stimulus was lower on the dominant compared to the non‐dominant side. Depression had a negative impact on the subjective pain threshold to single stimuli. All the other analyses either did not reveal statistical significance or displayed quantitatively insignificant correlations. In conclusion, normative values of parameters related to the spinal nociceptive reflex were determined. This allows their clinical application for assessing central hyperexcitability in individual patients. The parameters investigated explore different aspects of sensitization processes that are largely independent of demographic characteristics, cognitive and affective factors.
Locally constant functors
Authors: CISINSKI DENIS–CHARLES 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe study locally constant coefficients. We first study the theory of homotopy Kan extensions with locally constant coefficients in model categories, and explain how it characterizes the homotopy theory of small categories. We explain how to interpret this in terms of left Bousfield localization of categories of diagrams with values in a combinatorial model category. Finally, we explain how the theory of homotopy Kan extensions in derivators can be used to understand locally constant functors.
Satellite-measured seasonal variations in primary production in the scallop-farming region of the Okhotsk Sea
Authors: Mustapha M. A. , Sei-Ichi S. , Lihan T. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Mustapha, M. A., Sei-Ichi, S., and Lihan, T. 2009. Satellite-measured seasonal variations in primary production in the scallop-farming region of the Okhotsk Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1557–1569. Seasonal variation in primary production after a retreat of the sea ice in the scallop-farming region along the Hokkaido coast of the Okhotsk Sea (1998–2004) was determined using satellite images. Annual variability in primary production was caused by variability in the physical processes associated with retreat of the sea ice, advection of the Sōya Warm Current (SWC), and intrusion of the East Sakhalin Current (ESC). Variability in primary production resulted in variability in the Chl a concentration, which was also demonstrated with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Enhancement of Chl a concentration in the frontal area in late spring was demonstrated by the second EOF mode of Chl a concentration (14.2% of variance), in parallel with the generation of a well-developed frontal area resulting from the advection of warm waters of the SWC along the coast in late spring, as indicated by the second EOF mode of sea surface temperature (SST; 1.8% of variance). Elevated Chl a concentration and the presence of cold water of the ESC in late autumn were also highlighted by the third EOF mode of Chl a concentration (9.0% of variance) and SST (1.5% of variance). Prolonged high primary production within the scallop-farming region after spring is supported by the development of a frontal area in summer and strengthening of the ESC in autumn.
River plume fronts off NW Iberia from satellite observations and model data
Authors: Otero P. , Ruiz-Villarreal M. , Peliz Á. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Otero, P., Ruiz-Villarreal, M., and Peliz, Á. 2009. River plume fronts off NW Iberia from satellite observations and model data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1853–1864. River plume fronts off NW Iberia during autumn 2002 are examined based on the gradient of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in three-dimensional model data and on sea surface temperature gradients in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. The method reveals new aspects of the dynamics of fronts in the area. The strong gradient of the MLD between the plume and the adjacent ocean serves as a physical indicator of the maximum extension of the river plume and takes into account its three-dimensional structure as well as its surface signal. Differences in the position of river plume fronts are associated with local upwelling/downwelling conditions and their relaxation. During expansions of the plume induced by upwelling in late autumn, the shallower plume waters become colder and the thermal gradient with offshore waters increases. The model simulation also illustrates the existence of instabilities at the plume front and cross-shore variations in plume width that could induce the appearance of thermal gradients which can be resolved with AVHRR. Our simulations also show regional differences in front location, structure, and probability north (Galicia) and south (north Portugal) on the shelf, where bathymetry differs in shape and depth.
Female reproductive biology, and age of deep-sea squid Histioteuthis miranda from southern Africa
Authors: Hoving Hendrik Jan T. , Lipiński Marek R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hoving, H. J. T., and Lipiński, M. R. 2009. Female reproductive biology, and age of deep-sea squid Histioteuthis miranda from southern Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1868–1872. Data on female reproductive strategy and male and female length–weight relationships and age are presented for the mesopelagic squid Histioteuthis miranda. Females exhibit synchronous ovulation, indicating that eggs are spawned at once or over a short period. The maximum potential fecundity seems to range from 89 000 to 148 000 oocytes. Assuming daily deposition of statolith increments, maturing females were 10–15 months old. Male H. miranda mature young (∼6 months) and reach at least 15 months old.
Clinical experience with Flebogamma® 5% DIF: a new generation of intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with primary immunodeficiency disease
Authors: Ballow M 
Published: June 2009

Summary
The development of effective, safe, liquid intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) preparations has represented a major therapeutic advancement in the treatment of patients with antibody deficiencies. Flebogamma® 5% was the first liquid IVIG licensed in Europe that has been widely used in the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases. It has been proven to have an excellent efficacy and safety profile. Flebogamma® 5% dual inactivation and filtration (DIF) is a newly developed IVIG preparation that shares formulation characteristics and identical biochemical and stability profiles with Flebogamma® 5%. In addition to pasteurization, already performed in Flebogamma® 5%, solvent-detergent treatment and sequential nanofiltration through filters with pore sizes of 35 nm followed by 20 nm have been added to further enhance the pathogen safety margin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of Flebogamma® 5% DIF for immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). Flebogamma® 5% DIF was administered at seven clinical sites to 46 subjects with well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases at a dose of 300–600 mg/kg every 21–28 days for 12 months. The serious bacterial infection rate was 0.021/subject/year. The incidence of adverse events considered potentially related to Flebogamma® 5% DIF during or within 72 h after completing an infusion was approximately 10%. The half-life in serum of the administered IgG was around 31 days. In summary, Flebogamma® 5% DIF is efficacious and safe, has good pharmacokinetic properties, is well-tolerated and maintains the profile of Flebogamma® 5% for the treatment of patients with primary humoral immune deficiency diseases.
Insulin‐like growth factor I messenger RNA and protein are expressed in the human lymph node and distinctly confined to subtypes of macrophages, antigen‐presenting cells, lymphocytes and endothelial cells
Authors: Oberlin Dominique , Fellbaum Christian , Eppler Elisabeth 
Published: June 2009

SummaryInsulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) is a potent hormone that stimulates growth and differentiation and inhibits apoptosis in numerous tissues. Preliminary evidence suggests that IGF‐I exerts differentiating, mitogenic and restoring activities in the immune system but the sites of synthesis of local IGF‐I are unknown. Identification of these sites would allow the functional role of local IGF‐I to be clarified. The presence of IGF‐I in non‐immune cells suggests that it acts as a trophic factor, while its occurrence in subtypes of lymphocytes or antigen‐presenting cells indicates paracrine/autocrine direct regulatory involvement of IGF‐I in the human immune response. The present study investigated the location of IGF‐I messenger RNA and protein on archival human lymph node samples by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining using an IGF‐I probe and antisera specific for human IGF‐I and CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), CD68 (macrophages), CD21 (follicular dendritic cells), S100 (interdigitating dendritic cells) and podoplanin (fibroblastic reticular cells). Numerous cells within the B‐ and T‐cell compartments expressed the IGF‐I gene, and the majority of these cells were identified as macrophages. Solitary follicular dendritic cells exhibited IGF‐I. A few T lymphocytes, and no B lymphocytes, contained IGF‐I immunoreactive material. Furthermore, IGF‐I immunoreactive cells outside the follicles that did not react with CD3, CD20, S100 or podoplanin markers were identified as high‐endothelial venule (HEV) cells. From this we conclude that the main task of IGF‐I in human non‐tumoral lymph node may be autocrine and paracrine regulation of the differentiation, stimulation and survival of lymphocytes, antigen‐presenting cells and macrophages and the differentiation and maintenance of HEV cells.
Altered peptide ligands of myelin basic protein (MBP87–99) conjugated to reduced mannan modulate immune responses in mice
Authors: Katsara Maria , Yuriev Elizabeth , Ramsland Paul A. , Tselios Theodore , Deraos George , Lourbopoulos Athanasios , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Matsoukas John , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: June 2009

SummaryMutations of peptides to generate altered peptide ligands, capable of switching immune responses from T helper 1 (Th1) to T helper 2 (Th2), are promising candidates for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We synthesized two mutant peptides from myelin basic protein 87–99 (MBP87–99), an immunodominant peptide epitope identified in MS. Mutations of residues K91 and P96, known to be critical T‐cell receptor (TCR) contact sites, resulted in the mutant peptides [R91, A96]MBP87–99 and [A91, A96]MBP87–99. Immunization of mice with these altered peptide ligands emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant induced both interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) responses compared with only IFN‐γ responses induced to the native MBP87–99 peptide. It was of interest that [R91, A96]MBP87–99 conjugated to reduced mannan induced 70% less IFN‐γ compared with the native MBP87–99 peptide. However, [A91, A96]MBP87–99 conjugated to reduced mannan did not induce IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells, but elicited very high levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4). Furthermore, antibodies generated to [A91, A96]MBP87–99 peptide conjugated to reduced mannan did not cross‐react with the native MBP87–99 peptide. By molecular modelling of the mutant peptides in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, I‐As, novel interactions were noted. It is clear that the double‐mutant peptide analogue [A91, A96]MBP87–99 conjugated to reduced mannan is able to divert immune responses from Th1 to Th2 and is a promising mutant peptide analogue for use in studies investigating potential treatments for MS.
Leucocyte‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor‐1 is an inhibitory regulator of contact hypersensitivity
Authors: Omiya Ryusuke , Tsushima Fumihiko , Narazaki Hidehiko , Sakoda Yukimi , Kuramasu Atsuo , Kim Youn , Xu Haiying , Tamura Hideto , Zhu Gefeng , Chen Lieping , Tamada Koji 
Published: June 2009

SummaryLeucocyte‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor‐1 (LAIR‐1) is a membrane receptor of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily that is expressed on most types of haematopoietic cells, and delivers inhibitory signals through interacting with collagens. In order to elucidate the immunological functions of LAIR‐1 in vivo, we established transgenic mice expressing a chimeric protein composed of the extracellular domain of LAIR‐1 fused with an Ig tag (LAIR‐1–Ig), which acts as a decoy by competing with endogenous LAIR‐1. The transgenic mice showed an increased susceptibility for development of contact hypersensitivity (CHS), an experimental model of allergic contact dermatitis, in association with enhanced hapten‐specific T‐cell responses. When T cells from the hapten‐sensitized donor mice were transferred into non‐sensitized recipients, treatment of either donor mice or recipient mice with LAIR‐1–Ig protein accelerated CHS, suggesting a potentially negative role of LAIR‐1 in both the sensitization and the elicitation of hapten‐reactive T cells. In vitro assays revealed that LAIR‐1 decreased the production of interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐12 in dendritic cells, and inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production of naïve and memory T cells along with G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Collectively, our findings suggest that LAIR‐1 plays a crucial inhibitory role in CHS by regulating antigen‐presenting cell and T‐cell functions.