bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of workplace violence against nurses in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ekpor Emmanuel , Kobiah Emmanuel , Akyirem Samuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsWorkplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a pervasive global issue, yet the extent of this phenomenon in the African context remains insufficiently explored. This review aimed to synthesize the available literature to identify the prevalence and predictors of WPV against nurses in Africa.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus, to identify studies published from 2000 to October 2023. The pooled prevalence of WPV and it subtypes were estimated using random‐effect meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified with I2 statistics. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThis review included 27 studies, involving 9831 nurses. The pooled prevalence of WPV was 62.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.6–72.0). Verbal abuse emerged as the most common form of WPV, with a prevalence rate of 51.2% (95% CI: 41.3–61.1), followed by threat 23.3% (95% CI: 6.5–57.2), bullying 22.9% (95% CI: 14.0–35.2), physical abuse 15.1% (95% CI: 11.0–20.4), and sexual harassment 10.3% (95% CI: 5.9–17. 5). The proportion of WPV varied across geographical areas in Africa; however, the differences were not significant. The predictors of WPV encompassed demographic factors, personal habits, workplace characteristics, and nurses’ past experience.ConclusionWPV against nurses is prevalent in Africa and transcends geographical boundaries in this region. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address this issue in Africa.
Stable sodium metal anode enabled by interfacial room‐temperature liquid metal engineering for high‐performance sodium–sulfur batteries with carbonate‐based electrolyte
Authors: Tian Kangdong , Wei Chuanliang , Wang Zhengran , Li Yuan , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSodium (Na) metal is a competitive anode for next‐generation energy storage applications in view of its low cost and high‐energy density. However, the uncontrolled side reactions, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite growth at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces impede the practical application of Na metal as anode. Herein, a heterogeneous Na‐based alloys interfacial protective layer is constructed in situ on the surface of Na foil by self‐diffusion of liquid metal at room temperature, named “HAIP Na.” The interfacial Na‐based alloys layer with good electrolyte wettability and strong sodiophilicity, and assisted in the construction of NaF‐rich SEI. By means of direct visualization and theoretical simulation, we verify that the interfacial Na‐based alloys layer enabling uniform Na+ flux deposition and suppressing the dendrite growth. As a result, in the carbonate‐based electrolyte, the HAIP Na||HAIP Na symmetric cells exhibit a remarkably enhanced cycling life for more than 650 h with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2. When the HAIP Na anode is paired with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode, the SPAN||HAIP Na full cells demonstrate excellent rate performance and cycling stability.
Metabolic characterization of sphere‐derived prostate cancer stem cells reveals aberrant urea cycle in stemness maintenance
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Yu Jiachuan , Lin Zhikun , Wang Xiaolin , Zhao Jinhui , Liu Xinyu , Qin Wangshu , Xu Guowang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlteration of cell metabolism is one of the essential characteristics of tumor growth. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the initiating cells of tumorigenesis, proliferation, recurrence, and other processes, and play an important role in therapeutic resistance and metastasis. Thus, identification of the metabolic profiles in prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) is critical to understanding prostate cancer progression. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics methods, we show distinct metabolic differences between prostate cancer cells and PCSCs. Urea cycle is the most significantly altered metabolic pathway in PCSCs, the key metabolites arginine and proline are evidently elevated. Proline promotes cancer stem‐like characteristics via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the enzyme pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1), which catalyzes the conversion of pyrroline‐5‐carboxylic acid to proline, is highly expressed in PCSCs, and the inhibition of PYCR1 suppresses the stem‐like characteristics of prostate cancer cells and tumor growth. In addition, carnitine and free fatty acid levels are significantly increased, indicating reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in PCSCs. Reduced sphingolipid levels and increased triglyceride levels are also observed. Collectively, our data illustrate the comprehensive landscape of the metabolic reprogramming of PCSCs and provide potential therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
25 Years of Quasiperiodic Crystallography in Physical Space using the Average Unit Cell Approach
Authors: Wolny J. , Bugański I. , Strzałka R. , Śmietańska‐Nowak J. , Wnęk A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince the discovery of quasicrystals 40 years ago, many new paradigms and methods have been introduced to crystallography. 25 years ago, a statistical method of structure and diffraction analysis of aperiodic materials was proposed and, over these years, developed to describe model and real systems. This short review paper briefly invokes the basic concepts of the method: a reference lattice and an average unit cell, but also gives an overview of its application to atomic structure and diffraction analysis of various systems. Results are briefly discussed for mathematical sequences (Fibonacci and Thue‐Morse), model quasilattices in 2D and 3D (Penrose and Ammann tiling), refinements of real decagonal and icosahedral quasicrystals, analysis of structure disorder in quasicrystals, description of modulated systems, including macromolecular biological systems, and beyond usual application in crystallography.
Is environmental consciousness associated with organic food consumption?: A revealed preference approach
Authors: Yoon Sungeun , House Lisa , Gao Zhifeng , Grogan Kelly , Mullally Conner 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes NielsenIQ household scanner data, exploring the environmental motivation behind organic food consumption using single‐use plastics spending as a proxy for environmental concern. To investigate the relationship between the two environmental behaviors, organic food and single‐use plastic, the study utilizes the instrumental variable approach to account for the potential endogeneity in revealed preference data. Results show a significant negative association between single‐use plastic and organic food purchases, underscoring environmental concern as one of the motives for choosing organic foods. The findings indicate that organic food marketing should emphasize environmental benefits to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.
Tests for equal forecast accuracy under heteroskedasticity
Authors: Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. , Zu Yang 
Published: April 2024

SummaryHeteroskedasticity is a common feature in empirical time series analysis, and in this paper, we consider the effects of heteroskedasticity on statistical tests for equal forecast accuracy. In such a context, we propose two new Diebold–Mariano‐type tests for equal accuracy that employ nonparametric estimation of the loss differential variance function. We demonstrate that these tests have the potential to achieve power improvements relative to the original Diebold–Mariano test in the presence of heteroskedasticity, for a quite general class of loss differential series. The size validity and potential power superiority of our new tests are studied theoretically and in Monte Carlo simulations. We apply our new tests to competing forecasts of changes in the dollar/sterling exchange rate and find the new tests provide greater evidence of differences in forecast accuracy than the original Diebold–Mariano test, illustrating the value of these new procedures for practitioners.
Systematic druggable genome‐wide Mendelian randomization identifies therapeutic targets for sarcopenia
Authors: Yin Kang‐Fu , Chen Ting , Gu Xiao‐Jing , Su Wei‐Ming , Jiang Zheng , Lu Si‐Jia , Cao Bei , Chi Li‐Yi , Gao Xia , Chen Yong‐Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are no effective pharmacological treatments for sarcopenia. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia by integrating various publicly available datasets.MethodsWe integrated druggable genome data, cis‐eQTL/cis‐pQTL from human blood and skeletal muscle tissue, and GWAS summary data of sarcopenia‐related traits to analyse the potential causal relationships between drug target genes and sarcopenia using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method. Sensitivity analyses and Bayesian colocalization were employed to validate the causal relationships. We also assessed the side effects or additional indications of the identified drug targets using a phenome‐wide MR (Phe‐MR) approach and investigated actionable drugs for target genes using available databases.ResultsMR analysis identified 17 druggable genes with potential causation to sarcopenia in human blood or skeletal muscle tissue. Six of them (HP, HLA‐DRA, MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, and AURKA) were further confirmed by Bayesian colocalization (PPH4 > 90%). The up‐regulation of HP [higher ALM (beta: 0.012, 95% CI: 0.007–0.018, P = 1.2*10−5) and higher grip strength (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98, P = 4.2*10−5)], MAP 3K3 [higher ALM (beta: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.21–0.26, P = 1.8*10−94), higher grip strength (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.90, P = 2.1*10−5), and faster walking pace (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.05, P = 8.5*10−6)], and MFGE8 [higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06–0.11, P = 6.1*10−13; blood pQTL, beta: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.07, P = 3.8*10−09)], as well as the down‐regulation of HLA‐DRA [lower ALM (beta: ‐0.09, 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.08, P = 5.4*10−36) and lower grip strength (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.20, P = 1.8*10−5)] and COL15A1 [higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: ‐0.07, 95% CI: −0.10 to −0.04, P = 3.4*10−07; blood pQTL, beta: ‐0.05, 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.03, P = 1.6*10−07)], decreased the risk of sarcopenia. AURKA in blood (beta: ‐0.16, 95% CI: −0.22 to −0.09, P = 2.1*10−06) and skeletal muscle (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.05, P = 5.3*10−05) tissues showed an inverse relationship with sarcopenia risk. The Phe‐MR indicated that the six potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia had no significant adverse effects. Drug repurposing analysis supported zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticum might be potential therapeutics for sarcopenia by activating HP and inhibiting COL15A1, respectively.ConclusionsOur research indicated MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, HP, and HLA‐DRA may serve as promising targets for sarcopenia, while the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticum for sarcopenia requires further validation.
The prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection among voluntary blood donors in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yuhui , Zhang Xinhui , Huang Yang , Gao Lei , Gao Zhan , He Miao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through transfusion has been an imperative challenge for blood safety. Despite the implementation of screening strategies, there was still the residual risk of transfusion‐transmitted HIV. Considering that the prevalence of HIV infection in blood donors is significant for evaluating blood safety and potential risks to the population, meta‐analysis was applied to investigate the HIV prevalence among voluntary blood donors during the past 27 years to characterize the epidemiology and related risk factors of HIV in blood donors. The literature concerning the HIV screening reactive rate and prevalence in Chinese voluntary blood donors was collected through the systematic searching of four electronic databases. After integrating data, following the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, data manipulation and statistical analyses were conducted by Stata 12.0. The results indicated that overall HIV prevalence was 0.0178% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0169%−0.0187%) with a remarkable rise, which varied from 2000 (0.0034%) to 2015 (0.027%). The HIV window period infection rate was 0.0475‱ (95% CI, 0.0304‱−0.0646‱). Importantly, subgroup analysis revealed the heterogeneity in gender, occupations, education and donation frequency. With the effective control of HIV transmission through blood, HIV prevalence declined in China to some extent in recent years, and the characteristics of HIV epidemic in some provinces have drastically changed. However, remaining relatively high HIV prevalence and overall increased trend of HIV prevalence since the 21th century demonstrates the potential residual risk of blood transfusion, and the whole society is supposed to pay close attention to HIV infection.
Multi‐omics panoramic analysis of HBV integration, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic modifications in PLC/PRF/5 cell line
Authors: Guan Guiwen , Abulaiti Abudurexiti , Qu Chenxiao , Chen Chia‐Chen , Gu Zhiqiang , Yang Jing , Zhang Ting , Chen Xiaojie , Zhou Zhao , Lu Fengmin , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe clearance or transcriptional silencing of integrated HBV DNA is crucial for achieving a functional cure in patients with chronic hepatitis B and reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. The PLC/PRF/5 cell line is commonly used as an in vitro model for studying HBV integration. In this study, we employed a range of multi‐omics techniques to gain a panoramic understanding of the characteristics of HBV integration in PLC/PRF/5 cells and to reveal the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of integrated HBV DNA. Transcriptome long‐read sequencing (ONT) was conducted to analyze and characterize the transcriptional activity of different HBV DNA integration sites in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Additionally, we collected data related to epigenetic regulation, including whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), histone chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq), and assays for transposase‐accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC‐seq), to explore the potential mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of integrated HBV DNA. Long‐read RNA sequencing analysis revealed significant transcriptional differences at various integration sites in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line, with higher HBV DNA transcription levels at integration sites on chr11, chr13, and the chr13/chr5 fusion chromosome t (13:5). Combining long‐read DNA and RNA sequencing results, we found that transcription of integrated HBV DNA generally starts downstream of the SP1, SP2, or XP promoters. ATAC‐seq data confirmed that chromatin accessibility has limited influence on the transcription of integrated HBV DNA in the PLC/PRF/5 cell line. Analysis of WGBS data showed that the methylation intensity of integrated HBV DNA was highly negatively correlated with its transcription level (r = −0.8929, p = 0.0123). After AzaD treatment, the transcription level of integrated HBV DNA significantly increased, especially for the integration chr17, which had the highest level of methylation. Through ChIP‐seq data, we observed the association between histone modification of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 with the transcription of integrated HBV DNA. Our findings suggest that the SP1, SP2 and XP in integrated HBV DNA, methylation level of surrounding host chromosome, and histone modifications affect the transcription of integrated HBV DNA in PLC/PRF/5 cells. This provides important clues for future studies on the expression and regulatory mechanisms of integrated HBV.
The critical role of residues Phe120 and Val161 of (2 R,3 R)‑2,3‑butanediol dehydrogenase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae as probed by molecular docking and site‐directed mutagenesis
Authors: Dong Xue , Zhang Tingting , Gui Chuanyue , Fei Shuping , Xu Haonan , Chang Jianrong , Lian Chaoqun , Tang Wanggang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNAD+‐dependent (2 R,3 R)‑2,3‑butanediol dehydrogenase (BDH) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NgBDH) is a representative member of the medium‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily. To date, little information is available on the substrate binding sites and catalytic residues of BDHs from this superfamily. In this work, according to molecular docking studies, we found that conserved residues Phe120 and Val161 form strong hydrophobic interactions with both (2 R,3 R)‑2,3‑butanediol (RR‐BD) and meso‐2,3‑butanediol (meso‐BD) and that mutations of these residues to alanine or threonine impair substrate binding. To further evaluate the roles of these two residues, Phe120 and Val161 were mutated to alanine or threonine. Kinetic analysis revealed that, relative to those of wild type, the apparent KM values of the Phe120Ala mutant for RR‐BD and meso‐BD increased 36‐ and 369‐fold, respectively; the catalytic efficiencies of this mutant with RR‐BD and meso‐BD decreased approximately 586‐ and 3528‐fold, respectively; and the apparent KM values of the Val161Ala mutant for RR‐BD and meso‐BD increased 4‐ and 37‐fold, respectively, the catalytic efficiencies of this mutant with RR‐BD and meso‐BD decreased approximately 3‐ and 28‐fold, respectively. Additionally, the Val161Thr mutant slightly decreased catalytic efficiencies (twofold with RR‐BD; 7.3‐fold with meso‐BD) due to an increase in KM (sixfold for RR‐BD; 24‐fold for meso‐BD) and a slight increase (2.8‐fold with RR‐BD; 3.3‐fold with meso‐BD) in kcat. These findings validate the critical roles of Phe120 and Val161 of NgBDH in substrate binding and catalysis. Overall, the current study provides a better understanding of the substrate binding and catalysis of BDHs within the MDR superfamily.
Mineral magnetism and palaeoenvironment recorded in loess in southern England
Authors: Niezabitowska Dominika , Stevens Thomas , Bradák Balázs , Chadima Martin , Baykal Yunus , Sechi Daniele , Schneider Ramona 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTExtensive research has focused on the loess deposits in southern England, aiming to unravel their stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental significance. However, no systematic mineral magnetic study on these deposits has yet been undertaken. Here we address this by investigating the magnetic mineral composition and alignment of loess at two sites in southern England, Lowland Point (LP) on the Lizard Peninsula of Cornwall, and Pegwell Bay (PB) in eastern Kent on the Isle of Thanet. A set of rock magnetic analyses was conducted to understand mineral magnetism within the studied sections. In addition, the primary depositional origin of the magnetic fabrics as well as their overprinting caused by various possible post‐depositional processes were examined through anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The magnetic mineral composition is similar at both sites, derived from both sedimentary (aeolian) and post‐depositional processes. The AMS results show magnetic foliation that varies between the two sites, aligning with the bedding plane, indicating deposition from gravitational dust fall at the PB site, and a stronger wind transport energy at the LP site. Although the magnetic lineation of bulk AMS is relatively weak, there is a noticeable tendency towards alignment in most samples, with flow directions from the SE indicated at both sections if a strong wind is assumed at LP, although with a possible SW direction if a weaker wind is assumed. These observations may imply the preservation of palaeowind directions during dust transport, with a substantial southerly component, which contradicts previous assertions of dominant northerly or northeasterly winds. Indeed, a possible dominant southeasterly wind direction between 25 and 18 ka would suggest a limited influence of katabatic, westerly or polar northeasterly winds during dust transport, and rather may imply the effect of low‐pressure systems passing through the English Channel during that period.
Understanding trauma as contextualized adverse life events that threaten the individual: Commentary in response to Marx et al. (2024)
Authors: Herzog Philipp 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this commentary, I propose that a person‐oriented and research‐focused approach can stimulate the discussion on the definition of a traumatic stressor and help to refine Criterion A in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Particularly, I suggest that a contextual perspective focusing on the interaction between event features and person‐related factors captures more adequately the individual perception of and cognitions related to extremely threatening adverse life events for a diversity of individuals exposed to trauma. In future debate, I encourage the involvement of patients and the public and urge consideration of all potential consequences for practice and research that can directly result from changes to Criterion A (e.g., the heterogenization of posttraumatic stress disorder).
It pays to diversify: Effect of bullet‐screen comment diversity on payment
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Ma Xuejing , Chen Haipeng (Allan) 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBullet‐screen comments (BSCs), a type of novel user‐generated content for online videos, have been rapidly adopted in recent years. Previous research has focused on consumers' responses to the presence and quantity of BSCs but overlooked their contents. We examine how one characteristic feature of BSCs' content—lexical diversity—affects users' payments. A large‐scale real‐world behavioral data set analysis and three lab studies show that high (vs. low) lexical diversity of BSCs increases viewers' payments in online video streaming contexts (e.g., online videos and live streaming). We further reveal that the positive effect of BSC diversity on payment is mediated by perceived social presence and information richness. We also demonstrate the moderating role of viewers' BSC usage level (heavy vs. light), such that the effect of BSC diversity on payment is significant for heavy BSC users, but diminishes for light users.
Forecasting using reference prices with exposure effect
Authors: Baron Opher , Deng Chang , He Simai , Yuan Hongsong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReference prices (RPs) are consumers' subjective perceptions of prices that have important influences on purchase decisions. The standard RP formulation, which defines RP as an exponentially weighted average of past prices, ignores a certain asymmetry in weights between the regime of a price decrease and that of a price increase, which can be observed by the demand trend during the few days after a price decrease or increase. Such oversight usually leads to overestimation in demand as we illustrate by empirical evidence. We introduce the novel concept of RP with exposure effect (RPEE) that captures such asymmetry in RP formulation by imposing a weight proportional to how much the price is exposed to consumers. The exposure effect can be measured by clickstream data that are available for most e‐retailing platforms. We develop a customer behavioral model that can explain the formation of standard RP, and extend it in a natural way to provide foundation to the use of RPEE, especially for products with few repeat purchases. We then establish empirically the extensive benefit of forecasting from RPEE for e‐retailers that sell thousands of products. We demonstrate that RPEE exhibits significant and consistent improvement over standard RP for products, with around
reduced weighted mean absolute percentage error.