bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid profiles, antioxidant compounds and antiradical properties ofPinus halepensisMill. cones and seeds
Authors: Dhibi Madiha , Mechri Beligh , Brahmi Faten , Skhiri Fathia , Alsaif Mohammed A , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pinus halepensis(Aleppo pine) is a widespread tree that can be found in both natural and urban environments. A discrimination study based on the antioxidant compounds, antioxidant capacity and fatty acid (FA) profile ofP. halepensiscones (PHC) and seeds (PHS) was performed.RESULTS:The total amount of phenols was about 72‐fold higher in PHC extract than in PHS extract (P< 0.001). Anthocyanin and carotenoid contents were 10‐ and 12‐fold higher respectively in PHC extract. PHC and PHS extracts at a concentration of 1 mg mL−1differed significantly in free radical‐scavenging activity on 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) (86.65vs16.97%). PHC had higher antioxidant ability on 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothialozine‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+) than PHS (EC500.368vs2.345 mg mL−1). The FA profile of PHC oil revealed its richness in saturated FAs (41.5%) and high levels oftransFA isomers, with a predominance oftrans,trans‐linoleic acid (4.74%). However, polyunsaturated FAs in PHS oil represented more than 64% of total FAs.CONCLUSION:PHC showed important antioxidant activities as well as high levels of bioactive compounds. Thus PHC is a potential source of natural antioxidants that may afford several health benefits. However, the lipid extract of PHS seems to have more nutritional value as a polyunsaturated oil than that of PHC, which is high in saturated andtransFAs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic susceptibility to otitis media in childhood
Authors: Rye Marie S. , Blackwell Jenefer M. , Jamieson Sarra E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOtitis media (OM) is a common disease in early childhood characterized by inflammation of the middle ear cavity. Heritability studies suggest that there is a substantial genetic component (40%–70%) to the risk of recurrent acute OM, defined as three or more episodes in 6 months or four or more episodes in a year, or chronic OM with effusion (COME), defined as middle ear fluid for ≥3 months. To date, only a handful of the regions/genes underlying this genetic susceptibility have been identified. These include several regions of linkage on chromosome 3p25, 10q22, 10q26, 17q12, and 19q13 identified by two genome‐wide linkage scans, which appear to harbor susceptibility loci. Fine mapping of these regions has yet to identify the causative genes. Several candidate genes studies have also been reported, with candidates selected on the basis of a plausible biological role in OM or through OM mouse models. Reviewed in this article, these studies have identified positive association at 21 genes, including FBXO11, TLR4, and TNF, with association at five of these replicated in independent populations. However, these studies have been based on small sample sizes, and it is only recently that well‐powered OM cohorts suitable for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have become available. Results from such GWAS will identify novel genes involved in this complex disease. Identification of the genes that contribute to OM susceptibility in childhood will provide important insights into the biological complexity of this disease that could ultimately contribute to improved preventative and therapeutic strategies to reduce the incidence of this disease.
Competition in the brewing industry: Does further concentration imply collusion?
Authors: Chalk Andrew J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEarlier papers reach conflicting conclusions about the effect of concentration in the US brewing industry. This paper argues that stock market data on a more recent set of events, the intense merger activity of 1981–2, can help to resolve these differences. The results indicate that mergers between brewers, excluding the two industry leaders (Anheuser‐Busch and Miller Brewing), enhance industry performance by enabling smaller brewers to exploit the scale economies enjoyed by the large ones.
Concentration ratios, strategy and performance: The case of the Norwegian telecommunications industry
Authors: Grønhaug Kjell , Fredriksen Tor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article explores how changes in industry structure are reflected in changes in performance and strategy. A set of interrelated hypotheses is proposed and examined in one industry (the Norwegian telecommunications industry). Increasing competition was found to be positively related to increasing industry concentration but negatively related to new entries and performance as measured by value added. Large and small firms were found to vary in performance, and they are seemingly applying different strategies in coping with stagnating market opportunities.
Risk aversion, forward markets and the competitive labor‐managed firm under price uncertainty
Authors: Wang Leonard F. S. , Bowles David C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the behavior of a labor‐managed co‐operative firm which can sell its output in both spot and forward markets, where the random spot price varies between a price floor and a price ceiling but the forward price is a known parameter. We demonstrate that a risk‐averse labor‐managed firm will base its production decision on the forward market price, and that risk aversion is sufficient to give the direct relationship between a change in uncertainty and the amount hedged in the forward market.
Competition, regulation and bribery: A further note
Authors: Lien Da‐Hsiang Donald 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this note we extend the analysis of Beck and Maher (1989) concerning the effects of discriminatory anti‐bribery regulation. We argue that their approaches are challengeable due to an additional assumption that is most likely inconsistent with the benchmark model. Upon discarding the controversial assumption, we have an asymmetric bribery game. The corresponding Bayesian Nash equilibrium is nonetheless possessed with the properties described in Beck and Maher, despite the fact that their approaches may be incorrect.
25‐hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and severity of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Suzuki Masahiko , Yoshioka Masayuki , Hashimoto Masaya , Murakami Maiko , Kawasaki Keiichi , Noya Miki , Takahashi Daisuke , Urashima Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe aimed to examine associations among serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, 1,25‐dihyroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms, and the severity of Parkinson's disease. In 137 patients, the severity of Parkinson's disease was evaluated using Hoehn & Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Stage by neurologists and compared with 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25‐hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, ie, FokI (rs10735810), BsmI (rs1544410), Cdx2 (rs11568820), ApaI (rs7976091), and TaqI (rs731236), and vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms GC1 (rs7041)/GC2 (rs4588) in a cross‐sectional study. Mean ± standard deviation levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were 21.1 ± 9.0 ng/mL. Levels were deficient (<20 ng/mL) in 49% of patients. In contrast, 1,25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were considered normal in all patients. Higher circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly associated with milder Parkinson's disease evaluated by Hoehn & Yahr stage (P = .002) and total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Stage (P = .004) even after multivariate adjustment for 8 covariates, including disease duration. However, significant associations were not observed in 1,25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. Under multivariate analysis with 25‐hydroxyvitamin D as well as other 8 covariates including disease duration, carriers of vitamin D receptor FokICC genotype had a milder form of Parkinson's disease: odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.66, P = 0.002. These results suggest that higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and the vitamin D receptor FokICC genotype may be independently associated with milder forms of Parkinson's disease. However, significant associations were not observed in 1,25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Subthalamic neuronal responses to cortical stimulation
Authors: Janssen Marcus L.F. , Zwartjes Daphne G.M. , Temel Yasin , van Kranen‐Mastenbroek Vivianne , Duits Annelien , Bour Lo J. , Veltink Peter H. , Heida Tjitske , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alleviates motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients. However, some patients suffer from cognitive and emotional changes. These side effects are most likely caused by current spread to the cognitive and limbic territories in the subthalamic nucleus. The aim of this study was to identify the motor part of the subthalamic nucleus to reduce stimulation‐induced behavioral side effects, by using motor cortex stimulation.Methods:We describe the results of subthalamic nucleus neuronal responses to stimulation of the hand area of the motor cortex and evaluate the safety of this novel technique.Results:Responses differed between regions within the subthalamic nucleus. In the anterior and lateral electrode at dorsal levels of the subthalamic nucleus, an early excitation (∼5–45 ms) and subsequent inhibition (45–105 ms) were seen. The lateral electrode also showed a late excitation (∼125–160 ms). Focal seizures were observed following motor cortex stimulation.Conclusions:To prevent seizures the current density should be lowered, so that motor cortex stimulation‐evoked responses can be safely used during deep brain stimulation surgery. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Evidence of an association between the scavenger receptor class B member 2 gene and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Michelakakis Helen , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Dardiotis Efthimios , Bozi Maria , Vassilatis Demetrios , Kountra Persa‐Maria , Patramani Gianna , Moraitou Marina , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Stamboulis Eleftherios , Stefanis Leonidas , Zintzaras Elias , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLysosomal protein 2 (LIMP2), the product of the scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) gene, is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that is the mannose‐6‐phosphate–independent receptor for glucocerebrosidase (β‐GCase); a deficiency in this protein causes Gaucher disease. Several studies have shown a link between mutations in the β‐GCase gene and diseases characterized clinically by Parkinsonism and by the presence of Lewy body–related pathology. We hypothesized that genetic variants in the SCARB2 gene could be risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). A candidate‐gene study of 347 Greek patients with sporadic PD and 329 healthy controls was conducted to investigate the association between 5 polymorphisms in the SCARB2 gene (rs6824953, rs6825004, rs4241591, rs9991821, and rs17234715) and the development of PD. The single‐locus analysis for the 5 polymorphisms revealed an association only for the rs6825004 polymorphism: the generalized odds ratio (ORG) was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.90), and the OR for the allelic test was OR = 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56–0.90). Haplotype analysis showed an association for the GCGGT haplotype (P < .01). Our study supports a genetic contribution of the SCARB2 locus to PD; future studies in larger cohorts are necessary to verify this finding. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Sexual Health in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Experiences, Needs and Communication with Health Care Professionals
Authors: Josefsson Kristina Areskoug , Gard Gunvor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPain, fatigue and decreased joint mobility caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often decrease sexual health in RA patients. Regular physiotherapy interventions in patients with RA are often aimed at improving those factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences and views of patients concerning the impact of RA on their sexual health, the possible impact of physiotherapy interventions, and communication in clinical situations. A self‐administered questionnaire was sent to patients with RA at two rehabilitation clinics in Sweden. The questionnaire included questions concerning the impact of RA on intimate relationships and sexual function, as well as experiences of physiotherapy and sexual health communication with health professionals. The questionnaire was answered by 63 patients. The majority of the patients thought that pain, stiffness, fatigue and physical capacity were related to sexual health. Communication between health professionals and patients about sexual health was less common, even if the desire for communication about sexual health was higher in this study than in other studies. The authors concluded that physiotherapists need to be aware that pain, fatigue, decreased joint mobility and physical capacity can affect sexual health and that physiotherapy can make a difference in sexual health in patients with RA. The impact of RA on sexual health is rarely discussed by health professionals and RA patients, and needs greater attention. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rectangles algorithm for generating normal variates
Authors: Zhang Rui , Leemis Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe propose an algorithm for generating normal random variates that is based on the acceptance–rejection method and uses a piecewise majorizing function. The piecewise function has 2048 equal‐area pieces, 2046 of which are constant, and the two extreme pieces are curves that majorize the tails. The proposed algorithm has not only good performance from correlation induction perspective, but also works well from a speed perspective. It is faster than the inversion method by Odeh and Evans and most other methods. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011
New calix[4]arenedimethacrylate derivatives for dental composites
Authors: Tabatabai Monir , Garska Bernd , Fischer Urs , Moszner Norbert , Utterodt Andreas , Ritter Helmut 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCalix[4]arenes were double alkylated with various alkylhalogenides and the residual OH functions were subsequently dimethacrylated with methacryloyl chloride. The successful synthesis of polymerizable calixarenes was proved using 1H NMR spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The polymerization behaviour was confirmed by copolymerization with methacrylic acid methyl ester. Furthermore, the flexural strength, the flexural modulus of elasticity, the exothermic course of the photo‐curing reaction and the polymerization shrinkage of experimental dental filling composites containing the modified calixarenes were evaluated. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Interface between Oxide Coatings and Plasma‐damaged Polymers and Its Effects on Coating Adhesion and Structure
Authors: Yun Jungheum , Bae Tae‐Sung , Lee Sunghun , Lee Seunghun , Rha Jongjoo , Lee Gun‐Hwan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe chemical and morphological features of the interface between plasma‐treated polymer substrates and oxide coatings are investigated to clarify the influence of the interfacial features on the adhesive and cohesive properties in the polymer–oxide system. It is found that one‐dimensional polymer protrusions and polymer–oxide composite structures develop sequentially in the early growth stages of silicon oxide films on both acrylate hard coat and bare polyethylene terephthalate surfaces exposed to strong plasma‐ion irradiation. These interfacial nanostructures cause a dramatic decrease in the wettability of the polymers with silicon oxide films, thus leading to a weak boundary layer, which results in adhesion failures at the polymer–oxide interface. magnified image
Microarray analysis of global gene regulation in the Cry1Ab‐resistant and Cry1Ab‐susceptible strains of Diatraea saccharalis
Authors: Guo Zibiao , Cheng Zhu Yu , Huang Fangneng , Luttrell Randall , Leonard Rogers 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Extensive adoption of transgenic Bt corn in recent years for stalk borer control has increased risk of resistance evolution in the target pest populations. A Bt‐resistant strain of the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, was approximately 100‐fold more tolerant to Cry1Ab toxin than the susceptible counterpart. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Bt resistance, the Cry1Ab‐susceptible (Cry1Ab‐SS) and Cry1Ab‐resistant (Cry1Ab‐RR) strains of D. saccharalis were subjected to a microarray analysis.RESULTS: Results showed that the expression levels of many genes were significantly different between the Cry1Ab‐RR and Cry1Ab‐SS strains. Microarray analysis of 7145 cDNAs revealed 384 differentially expressed genes. A total of 273 genes were significantly upregulated 2–51.6‐fold, and 111 genes were significantly downregulated 2–22.6‐fold in the Cry1Ab‐RR strain. The upregulation of three potential resistance‐related genes, coding for a glutathione S‐transferase (GST), a chymotrypsin‐like protease (CHY) and a lipase (LP), was confirmed using real‐time PCR, indicating a reproducibility of the microarray data. Ontology analysis revealed that more than twice the number of metabolic‐related genes were upregulated compared with downregulated genes with the same biological function. Up to 35.2% of the upregulated genes in the resistant strain were associated with catalytic activity, while only 9.5% of the downregulated genes were related to the same catalytic molecular function.CONCLUSION: The large portion of metabolic‐ or catalytic‐related genes with significant upregulations indicated a potential large increase in metabolic or catalytic activities in the Cry1Ab‐RR strain. This cDNA microarray gene expression data could be used to characterize and identify new genes that may be associated with Bt resistance in D. saccharalis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of a piperonyl butoxide/tau‐fluvalinate mixture on pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus) and honey bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Moores Graham D , Wȩgorek Pawel , Zamojska Joanna , Field Linda , Philippou Despina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Previous work has characterised pyrethroid resistance in pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) as principally an oxidative mechanism. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) can synergise this resistance in the field, but its effects on the honey bee are thought to be unacceptable.RESULTS: A field trial in Poland was conducted to show that a mixture of PBO and tau‐fluvalinate at the registered rate gave increased and longer‐lasting control of resistant pollen beetle. Four days after spraying with tau‐fluvalinate, only 20% of pollen beetles were controlled, compared with 70% if the tau‐fluvalinate/PBO mixture was used. No detriment to honey bee health was observed using the same mixture.CONCLUSIONS: PBO, if used in conjunction with a pyrethroid of relatively low bee toxicity, can successfully overcome pyrethroid resistance in pollen beetle without incurring an increased loss of honey bees, even if they are present at the time of spraying. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensors using AlGaN/GaN based high electron mobility transistor for environmental and bio‐applications
Authors: Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA promising sensing technology utilizing AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) has been developed to analyze a wide variety of environmental and biological gases and liquids. The conducting 2DEG channel of GaN/AlGaN HEMTs is very close to the surface and extremely sensitive to adsorption of analytes. Examples of detecting carbon dioxide, mercury ions, an endocrine disrupter biomarker (vitellogenin), and botulinum toxin are discussed in this paper. Detection limits of 10‐7M, 5 µg/ml and 167 nM for mercury ions, vitellogein and lactic acid, respectively, were achieved (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isotopic labelling of peptides in tissues enhances mass spectrometric profiling
Authors: Santos Hugo M. , Kouvonen Petri , Capelo Jose L. , Corthals Garry L. 
Published: January 2012

RATIONALEThere is a need in imaging mass spectrometry to use the acquired isotope distribution to unequivocally determine the identity of a peptide ion. A way of achieving unambiguous differentiation of ions from protonated peptides from other [M + H]+ ions in a tissue would be via the direct on‐tissue incorporation of 18O into peptides.METHODSTissues were first digested with trypsin for 3 h at 37 °C in a humidified chamber. For the 18O‐labelling of digested peptides 1 μL of H218O/50 mM ammonium acetate (at pH 6.75) was added to the array of tryptic spots and incubated at room temperature for 20 min. α‐Cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid was used as a matrix modifier. The mass spectral analysis of tissue sections was carried out using a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation tandem time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF‐TOF) instrument.RESULTSOn‐tissue incorporation of 18O into peptides cannot be carried out during the digestion step inside a humidified chamber. After tissue digestion for 3 h at 37 °C in an humidified chamber, 18O labelling was carried out for 20 min at room temperature (no humidified chamber). No trypsin was needed to enhance the labelling.CONCLUSIONSFor first time the feasibility of 18O‐labelling of peptides in situ for tissues has been demonstrated. The method decouples protein digestion from peptide labelling and is performed in sequential steps. Furthermore, we observed that 18O incorporation produces characteristic isotopic peptide distributions, thus making facile distinguishing peptides from other tissue molecular components that ionise in the MALDI ion source. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of tiagabine degradation products using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Hubert‐Roux Marie , Skiba Mohamed , Sughir Abdussalam , Lahiani‐Skiba Malika , Olivier‐Chanu Fabienne , Levacher Vincent , Lange Catherine M. 
Published: January 2012

RATIONALETiagabine hydrochloride monohydrate drug substance (TGB) is an antiepileptic agent effective in the treatment of seizure disorders. The stability of TGB was studied and its degradation products were identified for the first time.METHODSTGB was heated in the presence of H2O2. Degradation products were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MSn) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS).RESULTSThis study showed that TGB was degraded by oxidative pathways involving attack of oxygen at different centers but mainly at the double bond of the molecule. The oxidative cascade reactions initiated by the epoxidation of the double bond of tiagabine led to dihydroxy, ketohydroxy and ketone derivatives as well as bisthiophene ketone.CONCLUSIONSNine degradation products of TGB were identified. Some diagnostic MS/MS product ions, characteristic of the piperidine or thiophene moiety, were highlighted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random Latin square graphs
Authors: Christofides Demetres , Markstrom Klas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper we introduce new models of random graphs, arising from Latin squares which include random Cayley graphs as a special case. We investigate some properties of these graphs including their clique, independence and chromatic numbers, their expansion properties as well as their connectivity and Hamiltonicity. The results obtained are compared with other models of random graphs and several similarities and differences are pointed out. For many properties our results for the general case are as strong as the known results for random Cayley graphs and sometimes improve the previously best results for the Cayley case. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011