bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically relevant complications related to pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery and their management: a literature review of 35,630 pedicle screws
Authors: Gautschi Oliver P. , Schatlo Bawarjan , Schaller Karl , Tessitore Enrico 
Published: September 2011

Object
The technique of pedicle screw insertion is a mainstay of spinal instrumentation. Some of its potential complications are clinically relevant and may require reoperation or further postoperative care.

Methods
A literature search was performed using MEDLINE (between 1999 and June 2011) for studies on pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery. The authors included randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and case series (≥ 20 patients) from the English-, German-, and French-language literature. The authors assessed study type, the number of patients, the anatomical area, the number of pedicle screws, duration of follow-up, type of pedicle screw placement, incidence of complications, and type of complication. The management of specific complications is discussed.

Results
Thirty-nine articles with 46 patient groups were reviewed with a total of 35,630 pedicle screws. One study was a randomized controlled trial, 8 were case-control studies, and the remaining articles were case series. Dural lesions and irritation of nerve roots were reported in a mean of 0.18% and 0.19% per pedicle screws, respectively. Thirty-two patients in 10 studies (of 5654 patients from all 39 studies) required further revision surgeries for misplaced pedicle screws causing neurological problems. None of the analyzed studies reported vascular complications, and only 2 studies reported visceral complications of clinical significance.

Conclusions
Pedicle screw placement in the thoracolumbar region is a safe procedure with an overall high accuracy and a very low rate of clinically relevant complications.
Comparison of Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire scores to neuropsychological test performance in school-aged children
Authors: Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Donnelly Ruth , Shams Iffat 
Published: September 2011

Object
The Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) is an established means of measuring quality of life, but the cognitive component of this questionnaire has never been formally compared with gold-standard neuropsychological test scores. The authors hypothesized that the HOQ Cognitive Health score would demonstrate a relatively strong correlation with neuropsychological test scores, whereas much weaker correlations would be seen for HOQ Physical and Social-Emotional Health scores.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of children with long-standing hydrocephalus presenting to The Hospital for Sick Children's Neurosurgery Clinic was performed between July 2006 and September 2008. Participating children and families completed the HOQ and a battery of 21 standard neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. Pearson correlation analysis was then performed.

Results
A total of 83 patients (81% participation) was accrued; the mean age was 11.5 ± 3.4 years (mean ± SD) at the time of assessment. The mean age at hydrocephalus treatment was 1.3 ± 2.6 years. The mean overall HOQ score was 0.69 ± 0.21. The HOQ Cognitive score had a moderate or strong correlation with 19 (90%) of 21 neuropsychological test scores, much more so than the HOQ Social-Emotional score (5 moderate or strong correlations, 24%) and the HOQ Physical score (1 moderate correlation, 5%). For 19 neuropsychological tests (90%), the HOQ Cognitive score had a stronger correlation than the other scores. The HOQ Cognitive score had particularly strong correlations with the Verbal IQ, List Learning, Behavior Problems, and Metacognitive Abilities components.

Conclusions
Data from a wide-ranging representative sample of children with long-standing hydrocephalus provide added evidence of the validity of the HOQ Cognitive score and the overall domain structure of the HOQ itself.
Improvement in executive function after unilateral carotid artery stenting for severe asymptomatic stenosis
Authors: Mendiz Oscar A. , Sposato Luciano A. , Fabbro Nicolás , Lev Gustavo A. , Calle Analía , Valdivieso León R. , Fava Carlos M. , Klein Francisco R. , Torralva Teresa , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Manes Facundo 
Published: September 2011

Object
Executive functions are crucial for organizing and integrating cognitive processes. While some studies have assessed the effect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on cognitive functioning, results have been conflicting. The object of this study was to assess the effect of CAS on cognitive status, with special interest on executive functions, among patients with severe asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis.

Methods
The authors prospectively assessed the neuropsychological status of 20 patients with unilateral asymptomatic extracranial ICA stenosis of 60% or more by using a comprehensive assessment battery focused on executive functions before and after CAS. Individual raw scores on neuropsychological tests were converted into z scores by normalizing for age, sex, and years of education. The authors compared baseline and 3-month postoperative neuropsychological scores by using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results
The mean preoperative cognitive performance was within normal ranges on all variables. All patients underwent a successful CAS procedure. Executive function scores improved after CAS, relative to baseline performance as follows: set shifting (Trail-Making Test Part B: −0.75 ± 1.43 vs −1.2 ± 1.48, p = 0.003) and processing speed (digit symbol coding: −0.66 ± 0.85 vs −0.97 ± 0.82, p = 0.035; and symbol search: −0.24 ± 1.32 vs −0.56 ± 0.77, p = 0.049). The benefit of CAS for working memory was marginally significant (digit span backward: −0.41 ± 0.61 vs −0.58 ± 0.76, p = 0.052). Both verbal (immediate Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: 0.35 ± 1.04 vs −0.22 ± 0.82, p = 0.011) and visual (delayed Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: 0.27 ± 1.26 vs −0.22 ± 1.01, p = 0.024) memory improved after CAS.

Conclusions
The authors found a beneficial effect on executive function and memory 3 months after CAS among their prospective cohort of consecutive patients with unilateral and asymptomatic ICA stenosis of 60% or more.
Nasofacial Cutaneous Cancer at High Altitude: Patients Awareness and Surgical Outcome
Authors: Mohindroo NK , Sharma DR , Thakur JS , Diwana VK , Chauhan DC 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

introduction
Nose has anatomical variation from other facial units. Nasal skin surgery needs experience due to limited skin mobility for postsurgical defect. MMS is the preferred method for facial skin cancers but it is available in only few advanced centers of the country. We performed retrospective study to evaluate the results of traditional surgery and reconstruction in our hospital lacking frozen section facility.

Results
A total of 129 lesions of the face were excised in 87 patients. Thirty-six skin cancers were found in 31 patients. 21 postoperative defects were repaired with full thickness skin graft and seven cases needed local or distant flap. The recurrence occurred in two patients (one lesion each) in 1 year follow-up.

Conclusion
Nasal cutaneous cancers need utmost surgical expertise and experience in reconstruction. Health awareness campaign is needed to avoid skin cancers, especially people living at higher altitude.
Comparison of Endoscopic-Assisted Adenoidectomy with Conventional Method
Authors: Bradoo Renuka A , Modi Rahul R , Wahane Vikas 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of endoscopic-assisted (EA) adenoidectomy with the conventional adenoidectomy (CA) with an aim to reduce rates of residual adenoid tissue after adenoidectomy.

Methods
A prospective randomized study involving 32 patients in which 16 underwent EA and 16 underwent CA. The outcomes compared were residual adenoid tissue after 3 months of surgery, operative blood loss, operative time and complications.

Setting
A tertiary care teaching hospital.

Results
EA was significantly better in terms of residual tissue left behind as compared to CA (p < 0.05), similar operative blood loss and operative time with no difference in complications.

Conclusion
EA makes for a safe and efficacious way to do an adenoidectomy which has a significant advantage over CA.
Bilateral Choanal Atresia in a Teenager: Transnasal Endoscopic Approach
Authors: Hazra TK , Das Saumik , Majumder Aniruddha , Chakraborty Amit , Singh Mukesh Kumar , Das Chiranjib 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTCongenital choanal atresia has been recognized for over 200 years, first described by Roederer in 1775. Choanal atresia is an uncommon congenital anomaly. Choanal atresia is strongly suspected on the clinical sign and symptoms and confirmed with radiographs. CA repair in teenagers is not as common as it is in babies, but it still takes place and with good result. Transnasal endoscopic repair of CA is a safe and successful technique.
Broadband Omnidirectional Diversion of Light in Hybrid Plasmonic‐Photonic Heterocrystals
Authors: Ding Boyang , Bardosova Maria , Pemble Martyn E. , Korovin Alexander V. , Peschel Ulf , Romanov Sergei G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBroadband, omnidirectional, and polarization‐independent diversion has been achieved of more than 90% of the light flow intensity off its incidence direction using hybrid metal–dielectric plasmonic‐photonic heterocrystals. These architectures were prepared by depositing metal film on the interface between two photonic crystals of different parameters. The magnitude of light losses was extracted from angle‐resolved measurements of transmission and reflectance spectra. Comparing these data for different stages of constructing the complex architecture, the diffraction in colloidal crystals, the excitation and radiative decay of short‐living surface plasmon polaritons in a corrugated metal film and the eigenmode mismatch at the interface between two different photonic crystals were identified as corroborating physical mechanisms behind the light diversion.
Charge Modified Cowpea Mosaic Virus Particles for Templated Mineralization
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Barclay J. Elaine , Cespedes Oscar , Rashid Abdul , Staniland Sarah S. , Lomonossoff George P. , Evans David J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSurface charge modification of wild‐type Cowpea mosaic virus, a plant virus, is sufficient to promote the templated mineralization of metal and metal oxide. Surface negative charge is increased by the chemical introduction of succinamate on surface lysine groups. The cobalt and iron oxide templated nanoparticles subsequently obtained are monodisperse with a diameter of ca. 32 nm. Further, the iron oxide‐CPMV nanoparticles can be readily decorated with thiol‐containing molecules.
Carbon Materials for Chemical Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Zhai Yunpu , Dou Yuqian , Zhao Dongyuan , Fulvio Pasquale F. , Mayes Richard T. , Dai Sheng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCarbon materials have attracted intense interests as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors, because of their high surface area, electrical conductivity, chemical stability and low cost. Activated carbons produced by different activation processes from various precursors are the most widely used electrodes. Recently, with the rapid growth of nanotechnology, nanostructured electrode materials, such as carbon nanotubes and template‐synthesized porous carbons have been developed. Their unique electrical properties and well controlled pore sizes and structures facilitate fast ion and electron transportation. In order to further improve the power and energy densities of the capacitors, carbon‐based composites combining electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC)‐capacitance and pseudo‐capacitance have been explored. They show not only enhanced capacitance, but as well good cyclability. In this review, recent progresses on carbon‐based electrode materials are summarized, including activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, and template‐synthesized porous carbons, in particular mesoporous carbons. Their advantages and disadvantages as electrochemical capacitors are discussed. At the end of this review, the future trends of electrochemical capacitors with high energy and power are proposed.
Non‐transferrin bound iron in Thalassemia: Differential detection of redox active forms in children and older patients
Authors: Breuer William , Ghoti Hussam , Shattat Ahmmad , Goldfarb Ada , Koren Ariel , Levin Carina , Rachmilewitz Eliezer , Cabantchik Z. Ioav 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNon‐transferrin bound iron (NTBI) is commonly detected in patients with systemic iron overload whose serum iron‐binding capacity has been surpassed. It has been perceived as an indicator of iron overload, impending organ damage and a chelation target in poly‐transfused thalassemia patients. However, NTBI is a heterogeneous entity comprising various iron complexes, including a significant redox‐active and readily chelatable fraction, which we have designated as “labile plasma iron” (LPI). We found that LPI levels can be affected by plasma components such as citrate, uric acid, and albumin. However, the inclusion of a mild metal mobilizing agent in the LPI assay (designated here as “eLPI”), at concentrations that do not affect transferrin‐bound iron, largely overcomes such effects and provides a measure of the full NTBI content. We analyzed three distinct groups of poly‐transfused, iron overloaded thalassemia patients: non‐chelated children (3–13 yrs, Gaza, Palestine), chelated adolescents‐young adults (13–28 yrs, Israel), and chelated adults (27–61 yrs, Israel) for LPI and eLPI. The eLPI levels in all three groups were roughly commensurate (r2 = 0.61–0.75) with deferrioxamine‐detectable NTBI, i.e., DCI. In older chelated patients, eLPI levels approximated those of LPI, but in poly‐transfused unchelated children eLPI was notably higher than LPI, a difference attributed to plasma properties affected by labile iron due to lack of chelation, possibly reflecting age‐dependent attrition of plasma components. We propose that the two formats of NTBI measurement presented here are complementary and used together could provide more comprehensive information on the forms of NTBI in patients and their response to chelation. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunodeficiency in Vici syndrome: A heterogeneous phenotype
Authors: Finocchi Andrea , Angelino Giulia , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Corbari Maurizio , Bevivino Elsa , Cascioli Simona , Randisi Francesco , Bertini Enrico , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractVici syndrome is a rare congenital multisystem disorder characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypotonia, developmental delay, hypopigmentation, cataract, cardiomyopathy, and immunological abnormalities. Recurrent infections, mainly affecting the respiratory tract, have been reported in the majority of cases, representing an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The immunological phenotype of patients is extremely variable, ranging from a combined immunodeficiency to nearly normal immunity. We report on a new patient with Vici syndrome, in whom we have extensively investigated immunological features. Despite a mild impairment of the cellular compartment, a defect of humoral immunity was found, requiring treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. A wider knowledge of immune system abnormalities of Vici syndrome will help to plan strategies for treatment and prevention of infections, such as immunoglobulin replacement and antimicrobial prophylaxis, resulting in improved survival rates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Revisit of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: Ethnic difference in genotypes and comparison of radiographic features linked to the COMP and MATN3 genes
Authors: Kim Ok‐Hwa , Park Hyunwoong , Seong Moon‐Woo , Cho Tae‐Joon , Nishimura Gen , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Unger Sheila , Ikegawa Shiro , Choi In Ho , Song Hae‐Ryong , Kim Hyun Woo , Yoo Won Joon , Shim Jong Sup , Chung Chin Youb , Oh Chang‐Wug , Jeong Changhoon , Song Kwang Soon , Seo Sang Gyo , Cho Sung Im , Yeo Im Kyung , Kim So Yeon , Park Seungman , Park Sung Sup 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMultiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by variable degrees of epiphyseal abnormality primarily involving the hip and knee joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of mutations in individuals with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of MED and to test the hypothesis that characteristic radiological findings may be helpful in predicting the gene responsible. The radiographs of 74 Korean patients were evaluated by a panel of skeletal dysplasia experts. Six genes known to be associated with MED (COMP,MATN3,COL9A1,COL9A2,COL9A3, andDTDST) were screened by sequencing. Mutations were found in 55 of the 63 patients (87%).MATN3mutations were found in 30 patients (55%), followed byCOMPmutations in 23 (41%), andCOL9A2andDTDSTmutations in one patient (2%) each. Comparisons of radiographic findings in patients withCOMPandMATN3mutations showed that albeit marked abnormalities in hip and knee joints were observed in both groups, the degree of involvement and the morphology of dysplastic epiphyses differed markedly. The contour of the pelvic acetabulum, the presence of metaphyseal vertical striations, and/or the brachydactyly of the hand were also found to be highly correlated with the genotypes. The study confirms thatMATN3andCOMPare the genes most frequently responsible for MED and that subtle radiographic signs may give precious indications on which gene(s) should be prioritized for mutational screening in a given individual. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical characterization of a newly described neonatal diabetes syndrome caused by RFX6 mutations
Authors: Spiegel Ronen , Dobbie Angus , Hartman Corina , de Vries Liat , Ellard Sian , Shalev Stavit A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMutations in the RFX6 gene were recently described to underlie a distinct autosomal recessive syndrome of neonatal diabetes comprising intestinal atresia and hepatobiliary abnormalities. Until now, only six patients harboring RFX6 mutations have been reported. We report on a new case due to a novel homozygous splice site mutation and update on the clinical outcome of a previously reported patient. In addition we review the clinical and molecular features of all RFX6 mutated cases to better characterize the syndrome. Our results suggest that despite the early postnatal fulminant course, patients who survive may expect a relatively favorable prognosis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of intercentromeric distance, mosaicism, and sexual phenotype: Molecular localization of breakpoints in isodicentric Y chromosomes
Authors: Bergeron Mélanie Beaulieu , Brochu Pierre , Lemyre Emmanuelle , Lemieux Nicole 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIsodicentric chromosomes are among the structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome that are commonly identified in patients. The simultaneous 45,X cell line that is generated in cell division due to instability of the isodicentric Y chromosome [idic(Y)] has long been hypothesized to explain the variable sexual development of these patients, although gonads have been studied in only a subset of cases. We report here on the molecular localization of breakpoints in ten patients with an idic(Y). Breakpoints were mapped by FISH using BACs; gonads and fibroblasts were also analyzed when possible to evaluate the level of mosaicism. First, we demonstrate great tissue variability in the distribution of idic(Y). Second, palindromes and direct repeats were near the breakpoint of several idic(Y), suggesting that these sequences play a role in the formation of idic(Y). Finally, our data suggest that intercentromeric distance has a negative influence on the stability of idic(Y), as a greater proportion of cells with breakage or loss of the idic(Y) were found in idic(Y) with a greater intercentromeric distance. Females had a significantly greater intercentromeric distance on their idic(Y) than did males. In conclusion, our study indicates that the Y chromosome contains sequences that are more prone to formation of isodicentric chromosomes. We also demonstrate that patients with an intercentromeric distance greater than 20 Mb on their idic(Y) are at increased risk of having a female sexual phenotype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fetal akinesia in metatropic dysplasia: The combined phenotype of chondrodysplasia and neuropathy?
Authors: Unger Sheila , Lausch Ekkehart , Stanzial Franco , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Stefanova Irina , Di Stefano Cristina Maria , Bertini Enrico , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Nilius Bernd , Zabel Bernhard , Superti‐Furga Andrea 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDominant mutations in the receptor calcium channel gene TRPV4 have been associated with a family of skeletal dysplasias (metatropic dysplasia, pseudo‐Morquio type 2, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Kozlowski type, brachyolmia, and familial digital arthropathy) as well as with dominantly inherited neuropathies (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy 2C, scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy, and congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy). While there is phenotypic overlap between the various members of each group, the two groups were considered to be totally separate with the former being strictly a structural skeletal condition and the latter group being confined to the peripheral nervous system. We report here on fetal akinesia as the presenting feature of severe metatropic dysplasia, suggesting that certain TRPV4 mutations can cause both a skeletal and a neuropathic phenotype. Three cases were detected on prenatal ultrasound because of absent movements in the second trimester. Case 4 presented with multiple joint contractures and absent limb movements at birth and was diagnosed with “fetal akinesia syndrome”. Post‐interruption and post‐natal X‐rays showed typical features of metatropic dysplasia in all four. Sequencing of the TRPV4 gene confirmed the presence of de novo heterozygous mutations predicting G78W (Case 1), T740I (Cases 2 and 3), and K276E (Case 4). Although some degree of restriction of movements is not uncommon in fetuses with skeletal dysplasia, akinesia as leading sign is unusual and suggests that certain TRPV4 mutations produce both chondrodysplasia and a peripheral neuropathy resulting in a severe “overlap” phenotype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.