bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Patency Evaluation of New Distal Anastomotic Device in Internal Mammary Artery Grafts Using Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Balkhy Husam H. , Wann L. Samuel , Arnsdorf Susan 
Published: March 2010

Introduction Traditional coronary artery bypass grafting is performed using a hand sewn technique. The C-Port xA and Flex A anastomotic stapling devices (Cardica Inc., Redwood City, CA) were cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for use in distal coronary anastomoses in November 2006 and April 2007, respectively. They provide the ability to create a compliant, consistently reproducible, and automated anastomosis. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be effective in evaluating coronary artery bypass graft patency. Methods The first 24 patients to undergo internal mammary artery (IMA) anastomosis using the automated device in our practice were included in the study. Twenty-five IMA grafts (24 left IMA and 1 right IMA) were created using the C-Port xA or Flex A anastomotic device as part of multivessel off-pump coronary revascularization by sternotomy. Graft patency was evaluated at 30 days in the first 10 grafts and at 90 days in the next 15 grafts using multidetector (64 slice) CT. Results There were no device failures. There were no perioperative strokes, myocardial infarctions, or deaths. All 10 IMA grafts evaluated at 30 days were patent using multidetector CT. One of the 15 IMA grafts studied at 90 days was occluded using multidetector computed tomography. Conclusions The C-Port xA and Flex A distal anastomotic devices provided a safe and effective means to create a left IMA-left anterior descending artery anastomoses in coronary bypass surgery with excellent short to midterm patency in this early experience. Long-term follow-up is warranted. These findings will have important implications for future sternal sparing coronary bypass surgery.
Thermosensitive Polymer Use for Shunt Sealing in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: Agostini Marco , Lemut Francesco , Di Gregorio Vincenzo , Grossi Claudio 
Published: March 2010

Objective To check the efficacy of a reverse thermosensitive gel (poloxamer P407) for intracoronary shunt sealing in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery to stop residual bleeding from the shunt and avoid the use of blowers. Methods Nineteen coronary anastomoses were performed on five patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Intracoronary shunting was adopted in all procedures. All the shunts were sealed into the coronary lumen with the injection of a reverse thermosensitive gel. Before tying the sutures, a piece of ice was applied on the anastomotic sites to dissolve the gel. Bleeding from the coronary lumen was always checked after shunt removal. Results Bleeding was stopped or reduced and anastomoses performed without blower use. In one case, bleeding started again after shunt manipulation, and the shunt sealing procedure needed to be repeated. No intraoperative surface electrocardiogram and regional motion changes were detected. All patients showed normal creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels in the postoperative period. All patients were free from adverse cardiovascular events at 4 months from operation. Conclusions The use of a thermosensitive polymer for intracoronary shunt sealing was effective in controlling bleeding, eliminated the necessity for blower use, and was not associated to operative complications.
Long-Term Outcomes after CABG with Concomitant CO2 Transmyocardial Revascularization in Comparison with CABG Alone
Authors: Eldaif Shady M. , Lattouf Omar M. , Kilgo Patrick , Guyton Robert A. , Puskas John D. , Thourani Vinod H. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) has been used as an isolated or adjunctive revascularization therapy in patients presumed to have nonbypassable coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short- and midterm mortality for patients with complete revascularization using TMR and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared with those patients with incomplete CABG revascularization and to document long-term follow-up in patients receiving TMR + CABG. Methods Seventy TMR + CABG patients were cohort matched with 70 patients undergoing isolated CABG with circumflex coronary artery disease, but with no bypassable distal targets, from 1999 to 2005 at Emory University Hospital. The data were retrospectively reviewed from a database after being prospectively entered. Results are presented in mean ± standard deviation, and Kaplan-Meier curves were created for long-term all-cause mortality. Results The TMR + CABG patients had a similar incidences to the CABG only group for preoperative ejection fraction (50.9 ± 11.2% vs. 50.7 ± 10.3%, P = 0.93), number of grafts (2.6 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3, P = 0.5), and number of diseased vessels (2.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.4, P = 0.26). Off-pump surgery was used more often in the CABG alone group versus the TMR combined with CABG group (74.3% vs. 41.4%, P < 0.001). Postoperatively, there was no statistical difference among the TMR + CABG and the CABG alone groups for intensive care unit length of stay (4.3 ± 7.8 days vs. 2.6 ± 3.4 days, P = 0.026), postsurgical length of stay (7.6 ± 6.1 days vs. 6.8 ± 4.5 days, P = 0.31), stroke events (1.4% vs. 1.4%, P = 1.00), myocardial infarction (4.3% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.65), and 30-day mortality (5.7% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.70). Long-term survival rate was not statistically significant. In addition, 4-year follow-up in the TMR + CABG group had symptom improvement with reduction in New York Heart Association classification for class III/IV (P < 0.0001, baseline vs. 4-year follow-up). Conclusions The combination of TMR and CABG for complete revascularization is safe and carries no further risk to patients compared with CABG only. CABG + TMR patients tend to have increased resource utilization. Long-term follow-up shows similar survival between the groups. TMR can be a useful adjunct to CABG for complete revascularization.
The Dual-Targeted Purple Acid Phosphatase Isozyme AtPAP26 Is Essential for Efficient Acclimation of Arabidopsis to Nutritional Phosphate Deprivation
Authors: Hurley Brenden A. , Tran Hue T. , Marty Naomi J. , Park Joonho , Snedden Wayne A. , Mullen Robert T. , Plaxton William C. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Induction of intracellular and secreted acid phosphatases (APases) is a widespread response of orthophosphate (Pi)-starved (−Pi) plants. APases catalyze Pi hydrolysis from a broad range of phosphomonoesters at an acidic pH. The largest class of nonspecific plant APases is comprised of the purple APases (PAPs). Although the biochemical properties, subcellular location, and expression of several plant PAPs have been described, their physiological functions have not been fully resolved. Recent biochemical studies indicated that AtPAP26, one of 29 PAPs encoded by the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome, is the predominant intracellular APase, as well as a major secreted APase isozyme up-regulated by −Pi Arabidopsis. An atpap26 T-DNA insertion mutant lacking AtPAP26 transcripts and 55-kD immunoreactive AtPAP26 polypeptides exhibited: (1) 9- and 5-fold lower shoot and root APase activity, respectively, which did not change in response to Pi starvation, (2) a 40% decrease in secreted APase activity during Pi deprivation, (3) 35% and 50% reductions in free and total Pi concentration, respectively, as well as 5-fold higher anthocyanin levels in shoots of soil-grown −Pi plants, and (4) impaired shoot and root development when subjected to Pi deficiency. By contrast, no deleterious influence of AtPAP26 loss of function occurred under Pi-replete conditions, or during nitrogen or potassium-limited growth, or oxidative stress. Transient expression of AtPAP26-mCherry in Arabidopsis suspension cells verified that AtPAP26 is targeted to the cell vacuole. Our results confirm that AtPAP26 is a principal contributor to Pi stress-inducible APase activity, and that it plays an important role in the Pi metabolism of −Pi Arabidopsis.
DONGLE and DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 Lipases Are Not Essential for Wound- and Pathogen-Induced Jasmonate Biosynthesis: Redundant Lipases Contribute to Jasmonate Formation
Authors: Ellinger Dorothea , Stingl Nadja , Kubigsteltig Ines Ingeborg , Bals Thomas , Juenger Melanie , Pollmann Stephan , Berger Susanne , Schuenemann Danja , Mueller Martin Johannes 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Lipases are involved in the generation of jasmonates, which regulate responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Two sn-1-specific acyl hydrolases, DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1) and DONGLE (DGL), have been reported to be localized in plastids and to be essential and sufficient for jasmonate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Here, we show that levels of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and jasmonic acid in three different DGL RNA interference lines and the dad1 mutant were similar to wild-type levels during the early wound response as well as after Pseudomonas infection. Due to the lack of sn-2 substrate specificity, synthesis of dinor OPDA was not expected and also not found to be affected in DGL knockdown and DGL-overexpressing lines. As reported, DAD1 participates in jasmonate formation only in the late wound response. In addition, DGL protein was found to be localized in lipid bodies and not in plastids. Furthermore, jasmonate levels in 16 additional mutants defective in the expression of lipases with predicted chloroplast localization did not show strong differences from wild-type levels after wounding, except for a phospholipase A (PLA) PLA-Iγ1 (At1g06800) mutant line that displayed diminished wound-induced dinor OPDA, OPDA, and jasmonic acid levels. A quadruple mutant defective in four DAD1-like lipases displayed similar jasmonate levels as the mutant line of PLA-Iγ1 after wounding. Hence, we identify PLA-Iγ1 as a novel target gene to manipulate jasmonate biosynthesis. Our results suggest that, in addition to DAD1 and PLA-Iγ1, still unidentified enzymes with sn-1 and sn-2 hydrolase activity are involved in wound- and pathogen-induced jasmonate formation, indicating functional redundancy within the lipase family.
Common Genetic Pathways Regulate Organ-Specific Infection-Related Development in the Rice Blast Fungus
Authors: Tucker Sara L. , Besi Maria I. , Galhano Rita , Franceschetti Marina , Goetz Stephan , Lenhert Steven , Osbourn Anne , Sesma Ane 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMagnaporthe oryzae is the most important fungal pathogen of rice (Oryza sativa). Under laboratory conditions, it is able to colonize both aerial and underground plant organs using different mechanisms. Here, we characterize an infection-related development in M. oryzae produced on hydrophilic polystyrene (PHIL-PS) and on roots. We show that fungal spores develop preinvasive hyphae (pre-IH) from hyphopodia (root penetration structures) or germ tubes and that pre-IH also enter root cells. Changes in fungal cell wall structure accompanying pre-IH are seen on both artificial and root surfaces. Using characterized mutants, we show that the PMK1 (for pathogenicity mitogen-activated protein kinase 1) pathway is required for pre-IH development. Twenty mutants with altered pre-IH differentiation on PHIL-PS identified from an insertional library of 2885 M. oryzae T-DNA transformants were found to be defective in pathogenicity. The phenotypic analysis of these mutants revealed that appressorium, hyphopodium, and pre-IH formation are genetically linked fungal developmental processes. We further characterized one of these mutants, M1373, which lacked the M. oryzae ortholog of exportin-5/Msn5p (EXP5). Mutants lacking EXP5 were much less virulent on roots, suggesting an important involvement of proteins and/or RNAs transported by EXP5 during M. oryzae root infection.
Innate Immune Responses Activated in Arabidopsis Roots by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns
Authors: Millet Yves A. , Danna Cristian H. , Clay Nicole K. , Songnuan Wisuwat , Simon Matthew D. , Werck-Reichhart Danièle , Ausubel Frederick M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Despite the fact that roots are the organs most subject to microbial interactions, very little is known about the response of roots to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). By monitoring transcriptional activation of β-glucuronidase reporters and MAMP-elicited callose deposition, we show that three MAMPs, the flagellar peptide Flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan or in the mature parts of the roots for chitin. Ethylene signaling, the 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response. We also show that Flg22 induces the cytochrome P450 CYP71A12-dependent exudation of the phytoalexin camalexin by Arabidopsis roots. The phytotoxin coronatine, an Ile-jasmonic acid mimic produced by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, suppresses MAMP-activated responses in the roots. This suppression requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 as well as the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2 but does not rely on salicylic acid–jasmonic acid antagonism. These experiments demonstrate the presence of highly orchestrated and tissue-specific MAMP responses in roots and potential pathogen-encoded mechanisms to block these MAMP-elicited signaling pathways.
The Coiled-Coil Protein VIG1 Is Essential for Tethering Vacuoles to Mitochondria during Vacuole Inheritance ofCyanidioschyzon merolae
Authors: Fujiwara Takayuki , Kuroiwa Haruko , Yagisawa Fumi , Ohnuma Mio , Yoshida Yamato , Yoshida Masaki , Nishida Keiji , Misumi Osami , Watanabe Satoru , Tanaka Kan , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVacuoles/lysosomes function in endocytosis and in storage and digestion of metabolites. These organelles are inherited by the daughter cells in eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of this inheritance are poorly understood because the cells contain multiple vacuoles that behave randomly. The primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae has a minimum set of organelles. Here, we show that C. merolae contains about four vacuoles that are distributed equally between the daughter cells by binding to dividing mitochondria. Binding is mediated by VIG1, a 30-kD coiled-coil protein identified by microarray analyses and immunological assays. VIG1 appears on the surface of free vacuoles in the cytosol and then tethers the vacuoles to the mitochondria. The vacuoles are released from the mitochondrion in the daughter cells following VIG1 digestion. Suppression of VIG1 by antisense RNA disrupted the migration of vacuoles. Thus, VIG1 is essential for tethering vacuoles to mitochondria during vacuole inheritance in C. merolae.
Alkylresorcinol Synthases Expressed in Sorghum bicolor Root Hairs Play an Essential Role in the Biosynthesis of the Allelopathic Benzoquinone Sorgoleone
Authors: Cook Daniel , Rimando Agnes M. , Clemente Thomas E. , Schröder Joachim , Dayan Franck E. , Nanayakkara N.P. Dhammika , Pan Zhiqiang , Noonan Brice P. , Fishbein Mark , Abe Ikuro , Duke Stephen O. , Baerson Scott R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Sorghum bicolor is considered to be an allelopathic crop species, producing phytotoxins such as the lipid benzoquinone sorgoleone, which likely accounts for many of the allelopathic properties of Sorghum spp. Current evidence suggests that sorgoleone biosynthesis occurs exclusively in root hair cells and involves the production of an alkylresorcinolic intermediate (5-[(Z,Z)-8′,11′,14′-pentadecatrienyl]resorcinol) derived from an unusual 16:3Δ9,12,15 fatty acyl-CoA starter unit. This led to the suggestion of the involvement of one or more alkylresorcinol synthases (ARSs), type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that produce 5-alkylresorcinols using medium to long-chain fatty acyl-CoA starter units via iterative condensations with malonyl-CoA. In an effort to characterize the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the pentadecyl resorcinol intermediate, a previously described expressed sequence tag database prepared from isolated S. bicolor (genotype BTx623) root hairs was first mined for all PKS-like sequences. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that three of these sequences were preferentially expressed in root hairs, two of which (designated ARS1 and ARS2) were found to encode ARS enzymes capable of accepting a variety of fatty acyl-CoA starter units in recombinant enzyme studies. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments directed against ARS1 and ARS2 resulted in the generation of multiple independent transformant events exhibiting dramatically reduced sorgoleone levels. Thus, both ARS1 and ARS2 are likely to participate in the biosynthesis of sorgoleone in planta. The sequences of ARS1 and ARS2 were also used to identify several rice (Oryza sativa) genes encoding ARSs, which are likely involved in the production of defense-related alkylresorcinols.
Genomic and Coexpression Analyses Predict Multiple Genes Involved in Triterpene Saponin Biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Naoumkina Marina A. , Modolo Luzia V. , Huhman David V. , Urbanczyk-Wochniak Ewa , Tang Yuhong , Sumner Lloyd W. , Dixon Richard A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Saponins, an important group of bioactive plant natural products, are glycosides of triterpenoid or steroidal aglycones (sapogenins). Saponins possess many biological activities, including conferring potential health benefits for humans. However, most of the steps specific for the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins remain uncharacterized at the molecular level. Here, we use comprehensive gene expression clustering analysis to identify candidate genes involved in the elaboration, hydroxylation, and glycosylation of the triterpene skeleton in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Four candidate uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases were expressed in Escherichia coli, one of which (UGT73F3) showed specificity for multiple sapogenins and was confirmed to glucosylate hederagenin at the C28 position. Genetic loss-of-function studies in M. truncatula confirmed the in vivo function of UGT73F3 in saponin biosynthesis. This report provides a basis for future studies to define genetically the roles of multiple cytochromes P450 and glycosyltransferases in triterpene saponin biosynthesis in Medicago.
The kindness of strangers
Authors: Stanbury David 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that curriculum‐based careers education is part of a wider move to treat higher education students as holistic learners and to reframe the ways in which careers educators can learn from, and contribute to, these wider developments.Design/methodology/approachThe paper conceptualises students as “embodied learners” who require opportunities for reflection to understand and process the existential, affective and pedagogic challenges inherent in their learning. Drawing on Palmer's notion of “paradoxical spaces”, careers education is shown to be one of many related responses to these student needs.FindingsConsequently, while sometimes perceived as an anomalous feature of the higher education landscape, careers education is found to share important commonalities with other pedagogic initiatives which inform and extend current debates about careers in the curriculum.Originality/valueBy showing the familial characteristics that careers education shares with related initiatives, a new basis for including careers within the curriculum is proposed and a new collaborative mode for careers educators to engage with other teaching staff is encouraged. A new rationale for curriculum based careers education is advanced, that differs from utilitarian and vocational arguments by being derived from a pedagogic discourse, which seeks to establish common ground between careers educators and other academics.
Promoting entrepreneurship education: the role of the teacher?
Authors: Seikkula‐Leino Jaana , Ruskovaara Elena , Ikavalko Markku , Mattila Johanna , Rytkola Tiina 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to show how entrepreneurship education focuses on the teacher's learning and reflection and how, according to the data, undeveloped reflections impede the development of entrepreneurship education.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through content typing in 2008 from 29 teachers at the basic, upper secondary and vocational educational levels. The focus is on self‐reflection – how and what teachers reflect on when writing about entrepreneurship education.FindingsThe teachers stress the need for coordination between subjects in developing a more entrepreneurially oriented working community. There appears to be confusion between aims and practices in entrepreneurship education: when asked to give the aims, the teachers describe the practices. Moreover, they “outsource” themselves but refer to aims from the pupils' perspective.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only presents preliminary data from the project.Practical implications/implicationsThe development of teacher learning in terms of reflection, which should be developed in their basic and in‐service training; the implementation of changes in the educational arena, such as curriculum reform, from the perspective of learning and reflection; and the connection between aims and results in the context of entrepreneurship education.Originality/valueThe approach taken to teacher learning and reflection in the context of entrepreneurship education has so far been an unexplored field of research. Moreover, our article highlights the crucial factor, the development of the teacher's learning, in the context of entrepreneurship education which, according to our results, has received far too little attention in the discourse on entrepreneuship education, and thus also in the strengthening of entrepreneurship. Our article introduces new trends for international research on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education, in which increasing attention should be paid to the learning processes of teachers and instructors.
The genetic algorithm approach for shape optimization of powder compaction processes considering contact friction and cap plasticity models
Authors: Khoei A.R. , Keshavarz Sh. , Khaloo A.R. 
Published: March 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a shape optimization technique for powder forming processes based on the genetic algorithm approach. The genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the geometry of component based on a fixed‐length vector of design variables representing the changes in nodal coordinates. The technique is used to obtain the desired optimal compacted component by changing the boundaries of component and verifying the prescribed constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe numerical modeling of powder compaction simulation is applied based on a large deformation formulation, powder plasticity behavior, and frictional contact algorithm. A Lagrangian finite element formulation is employed for large powder deformations. A cap plasticity model is used in numerical simulation of nonlinear powder behavior. The influence of powder‐tool friction is simulated by the use of penalty approach in which a plasticity theory of friction is incorporated to model sliding resistance at the powder‐tool interface.FindingsFinally, numerical examples are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed optimization algorithm for designing powder components in the forming process of powder compaction.Originality/valueA shape optimization technique is presented for powder forming processes based on the genetic algorithm approach.