bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of global sea surface temperature on summer and winter temperatures in Europe in a set of seasonal ensemble simulations
Authors: Feddersen Henrik 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the PRediction Of climate Variations On Seasonal to interannual Time‐scales (PROVOST) ensemble of seasonal simulations, performed with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric general‐circulation model forced by observed sea surface temperature (SST) for the 1979–1993 period, the consistency between individual members of the ensemble of simulated temperature at 850 hPa (T850) in Europe varies considerably from year to year. This interannual variability is assumed to be a consequence of slowly varying lower‐boundary forcings, most notably the SST forcing, plus a random part from the internal, chaotic atmospheric variability. In those years when the ensemble members show a particularly consistent pattern of T850 anomalies in Europe, the consistency is significantly higher than would be expected from the interannual variability, indicating that the SST forcing has a significant impact on the model simulated temperature. Composites of global SST indicate that the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) might be linked to the high internal consistency of some of the winter season ensembles of T850 anomaly patterns in Europe. However, in some ENSO years the ensemble shows no consistent signal in Europe, so the occurrence of an ENSO event is not sufficient to ensure high internal ensemble consistency in Europe.In a separate approach, an attempt to linearly relate global SST anomaly patterns to the ensemble mean of T850, using canonical correlation analysis, also indicates a link between simulated T850 anomaly patterns in Europe and ENSO events. Mature El Niño (La Niña) conditions are associated with positive (negative) T850 anomalies in the model in southern Europe and negative (positive) anomalies in northern Scandinavia and over the Barents Sea in the January‐February season. A weaker relation is found between onsetting ENSO conditions and T850 anomalies in the model in the south‐eastern and westernmost parts of Europe in the July‐August season.Validations against re‐analysed observations of T850 show poor skill in Europe for the ensemble mean of simulated T850, and no obvious relation is found between internal ensemble consistency and skill. The link that is found in the model between ENSO and simulated T850 in Europe, is not evident between ENSO and re‐analysed T850.
Atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies during El Niño 1997/98 as simulated by ECHAM4
Authors: Grötzner Anselm , Latif Mojib , Dommenget Dietmar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne of the strongest El‐Niño events on record was observed in 1997/98, a time period characterized by many strong climate anomalies all over the globe. To study the origin of these climate anomalies, ensemble experiments have been performed with the ECHAM4 atmospheric general circulation model at T42 resolution forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Many of the observed climate anomalies and the well known El Niño Southern Oscillation teleconnection patterns could be reproduced by the ensemble integrations. In particular, the model reproduces the observed weakening of the trade winds, although it fails to simulate the early decline of the Southern Oscillation Index in November 1997. The observed climate anomalies over the Pacific, the Americas, and the Atlantic were successfully simulated. The model also reproduces the observed splitting of the jet over the North Atlantic which caused a very mild winter in western Europe. Our results do not indicate that the intense 1997 summer rainfalls leading to severe flooding in eastern central Europe were related to El Niño. With respect to the Indian Ocean, India, Australia, and southern Africa, the results were less satisfying. For example, the model yields reduced Indian monsoon rainfall which has not been observed. Additional experiments with SST anomalies restricted to particular ocean basins reveal that most of the atmospheric climate anomalies in 1997/98 were related to SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific. In particular, Atlantic SST anomalies had only a marginal impact on the atmosphere.
Caspase-1 Modulates Incisional Sensitization and Inflammation
Authors: Liang De-Yong , Li XiangQi , Li Wen-Wu , Fiorino Dennis , Qiao Yanli , Sahbaie Peyman , Yeomans David C. , Clark J. David 
Published: September 2010

Background
Surgical injury induces production and release of inflammatory mediators in the vicinity of the wound. They in turn trigger nociceptive signaling to produce hyperalgesia and pain. Interleukin-1β plays a crucial role in this process. The mechanism regulating production of this cytokine after incision is, however, unknown. Caspase-1 is a key enzyme that cleaves prointerleukin-1β to its active form. We hypothesized that caspase-1 is a crucial regulator of incisional interleukin-1β levels, nociceptive sensitization, and inflammation.

Methods
These studies employed a mouse hind paw incisional model. Caspase-1 was blocked using the selective inhibitors Ac-YVAD-CMK and VRTXSD727. Nociceptive sensitization, edema, and hind paw warmth were followed in intact animals whereas caspase-1 activity, cytokine, and prostaglandin E2 levels were assessed in homogenized skin. Confocal microscopy was used to detect the expression of caspase-1 near the wounds.

Results
Analysis of enzyme activity demonstrated that caspase-1 activity was significantly increased in periincisional skin. Pretreatment with Ac-YVAD-CMK significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Repeated administration of this inhibitor produced robust analgesia, especially to mechanical stimulation. Administration of VRTXSD727 provided qualitatively similar results. Caspase-1 inhibition also reduced edema and the normally observed increase in paw warmth around the wound site. Correspondingly, caspase-1 inhibition significantly reduced interleukin-1β as well as macrophage-inflammatory protein 1α, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and prostaglandin E2 levels near the wound. The expression of caspase-1 was primarily observed in keratinocytes in the epidermal layer and in neutrophils deeper in the wounds.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrates that the inhibition of caspase-1 reduces postsurgical sensitization and inflammation, likely through a caspase-1/interleukin-1β-dependent mechanism.
Isoflurane Preconditioning Elicits Competent Endogenous Mechanisms of Protection from Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Sepac Ana , Sedlic Filip , Si-Tayeb Karim , Lough John , Duncan Stephen A. , Bienengraeber Martin , Park Frank , Kim Jinhee , Bosnjak Zeljko J. 
Published: September 2010

Background
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes potentially represent a powerful experimental model complementary to myocardium obtained from patients that is relatively inaccessible for research purposes. We tested whether anesthetic-induced preconditioning (APC) with isoflurane elicits competent protective mechanisms in hESC-derived cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress to be used as a model of human cardiomyocytes for studying preconditioning.

Methods
H1 hESC cell line was differentiated into cardiomyocytes using growth factors activin A and bone morphogenetic protein-4. Living ventricular hESC-derived cardiomyocytes were identified using a lentiviral vector expressing a reporter gene (enhanced green fluorescent protein) driven by a cardiac-specific human myosin light chain-2v promoter. Mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and survival of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes were assessed using confocal microscopy. Oxygen consumption was measured in contracting cell clusters.

Results
Differentiation yielded a high percentage (∼85%) of cardiomyocytes in beating clusters that were positive for cardiac-specific markers and exhibited action potentials resembling those of mature cardiomyocytes. Isoflurane depolarized mitochondria, attenuated oxygen consumption, and stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species. APC protected these cells from oxidative stress-induced death and delayed mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.

Conclusions
APC elicits competent protective mechanisms against oxidative stress in hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, suggesting the feasibility to use these cells as a model of human cardiomyocytes for studying APC and potentially other treatments/diseases. Our differentiation protocol is very efficient and yields a high percentage of cardiomyocytes. These results also suggest a promising ability of APC to protect and improve engraftment of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes into the ischemic heart.
Snap & Go: a QReative case in point
Authors: MacKinnon Paula , Sanford Cathy 
Published: September 2010

PuroposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe why and how Contra Costa County Library is using two‐dimensional barcodes called (QR, quick response) codes and a mobile patron support system to deliver library service to mobile phone users through a service called “Snap & Go”.Desing/methodology/approachThe paper finds that case study to review the process of defining and delivering mobile library service through the use of QR codes.FindingsQR codes provide a quick and easy way for library patrons with mobile phones to access relevant information and service both inside the library and out in the community.Originality/valueThe paper discusses one library's initiative to pilot the use of QR codes to deliver mobile library service.
A brief retrospective and introspective on value
Authors: Babin Barry J. , James Kevin William 
Published: September 2010

PurposeValue as a research topic within marketing is not new. The purpose of this research note is to examine how value fits within marketing in the twenty‐first century. Specifically, the emergence of service‐dominant logic has brought the concept of co‐creation of value to the forefront. This paper comments on previous definitions of research and offers insight to stimulate future theoretical developments and serve as an aid in future research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper represents a conceptual overview of previous research and offers some logical derivatives of value from the previous work and from the emergence of a service‐dominant logic in marketing.FindingsSince the paradigm shift toward service‐dominant logic, few researchers have examined value as it specifically relates to marketing theory and practice. Value as a key outcome variable is typically overshadowed by other constructs such as satisfaction, word‐of‐mouth, and loyalty.Originality/valueKey value axioms are derived from both theory and past research as a guide for future research. These value axioms predict how consumers' derive value, how society and value are intertwined, and how previously studied aspects of value, such as utilitarian and hedonic value, fit into the value equation. Further, a framework for the future study of value is presented which encompasses the key “get” components as well as the key “give” components. The material hopefully clarifies some aspects about value and directs future research.
Benchmarking trust signals in supply chain alliances: moving toward a robust measure of trust
Authors: Jones Stephen L. , Fawcett Stanley E. , Fawcett Amydee M. , Wallin Cynthia 
Published: September 2010

PurposeTrust is a vital ingredient in modern supply chain (SC) alliances. Yet, most measures of trust are rather simplistic. This paper aims to review the trust literature to identify the different facets of SC trust. A multi‐faceted measure of trust is then developed and used to benchmark the extent to which trust signals are used in alliance management.Design/methodology/approachMulti‐method: 50 preliminary interviews were conducted and 189 surveys were collected.FindingsBenchmarking buyers' trust‐building strategies reveals that most companies lack the know‐how and ability to develop high levels of trust. Most companies have implemented strategies to signal their performance capability, leading to a level of transactional trust. However, few companies have recognized the need to signal to their SC partners their commitment to the relationship – leaving them without the ability to establish the trust levels needed to drive breakthrough collaboration.Originality/valueThe paper introduces the importance of signaling trustworthiness in a SC context. It develops relationship commitment as an important dimension of trust, and explains the trust cycle within the context of an exchange cycle. It also takes steps toward developing a more robust and meaningful measure of SC trust.
Volatility of the returns and expected losses of Islamic bank financing
Authors: Ismal Rifki 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper attempts to analyze the volatility of returns and expected losses of Islamic bank financing. In particular, it takes the case of Indonesian Islamic banking industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses Value at Risk (VaR) approach to compute the volatility (risk) of returns and expected losses of Islamic bank financing. In particular, it uses variance‐covariance method to calculate VaR of multi‐asset portfolios (groups of equity‐, debt‐ and service‐based financing).FindingsFirst of all, equity and debt‐based financing produce sustainable returns of bank financing. Moreover, they are also very resilient during unfavorable economic conditions. Second, the performance of service‐based financing is very sensitive to the economic conditions. Lastly, VaR computation on the volatility of returns and expected losses of bank financing finds that risk of investment and expected losses are well managed.Practical implicationsThe paper demands Islamic banks to keep intensifying equity‐based financing rather than only debt‐based financing and improve the banking services to support the performance of service‐based financing.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper to assist the volatility of returns and expected losses of the Islamic banking financing in Indonesian.
Des dialogues à l’échelle mondiale
Authors: Battle‐Baptiste Whitney 
Published: September 2010

RésuméJe commencerai mon propos de ce jour par le texte d’un serment qui me vient de mon enfance: « Je m’engage, corps, esprit et Âme, à assurer la protection, la défense et la sécurité du Rouge, Noir et Vert. Je consacre ma vie à la rédemption de la Mère Afrique et à la libération de ses enfants noirs dispersés. J’accepte pour moi‐même et pour mes descendants les enseignements du nationalisme africain universel et je promets que nos enfants seront imprégnés du sens et de la connaissance d’eux‐mêmes en tant qu’Africains afin que la cause de notre combat ne vacille ni n’échoue avant que tous les Noirs soient libres et unis par… Un Dieu, Un but et Une destinée » Il s’agit du serment au drapeau de la libération des Noirs de l’UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association), fondée par Marcus Garvey (dans les années 1920).
Diaspora et patrimoine : une source perpétuelle de conflit
Authors: Martin Wobst H. 
Published: September 2010

RésuméCet article s’intéresse aux interactions entre les populations et leur diaspora, en tant que sources et amplificateurs de problèmes et de conflits. Que ce soit sur le plan de leurs biens matériels ou immatériels, les populations et leur diaspora se constituent l’une l’autre, les diasporas apportant souvent une contribution plus importante au poids sémantique du patrimoine, et à des axes de conflit que l’on peut aisément tracer, que les populations dont elles sont issues à l’origine.
Patrimoine immatériel et identité communautaire dans l’Afrique du Sud post‐apartheid
Authors: Bakker Karel Anthonie , Müller Liana 
Published: September 2010

RésuméLa récente métamorphose géopolitique, en Afrique du Sud, d’une société en conflit en société incarnant le consensus, invite à s’interroger sur l’utilisation du patrimoine dans la production de l’identité communautaire et sur la façon de commémorer et de présenter le patrimoine immatériel. Cet article présente des études de cas, pour montrer qu’il y a un mouvement émergent s’écartant de la représentation hégémonique de l’État post‐apartheid sous la forme de très timides expressions individuelles ou à dimension communautaire de l’histoire de la lutte.
Composite anatomical–clinical–molecular prognostic model in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: López-Encuentra A. , López-Ríos F. , Conde E. , García-Luján R. , Suárez-Gauthier A. , Mañes N. , Renedo G. , Duque-Medina J.L. , García-Lagarto E. , Rami-Porta R. , González-Pont G. , Astudillo-Pombo J. , Maté-Sanz J.L. , Freixinet J. , Romero-Saavedra T. , Sánchez-Céspedes M. , Gómez de la Camara A. 
Published: September 2010

The objective of the present study was to elaborate a survival model that integrates anatomic factors, according to the 2010 seventh edition of the tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) staging system, with clinical and molecular factors.Pathologic TNM descriptors (group A), clinical variables (group B), laboratory parameters (group C) and molecular markers (tissue microarrays; group D) were collected from 512 early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with complete resection. A multivariate analysis stepped supervised learning classification algorithm was used.The prognostic performance by groups was: areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (C-index): 0.67 (group A), 0.65 (Group B), 0.57 (group C) and 0.65 (group D). Considering all variables together selected for each of the four groups (integrated group) the C-index was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70–0.79), with statistically significant differences compared with each isolated group (from p = 0.006 to p<0.001). Variables with the greatest prognostic discrimination were the presence of another ipsilobar nodule and tumour size >3 cm, followed by other anatomical and clinical factors, and molecular expressions of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR), Ki67cell proliferation index and phosphorylated acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.This study on early-stage NSCLC shows the benefit from integrating pathological TNM, clinical and molecular factors into a composite prognostic model. The model of the integrated group classified patients with significantly higher accuracy compared to the TNM 2010 staging.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine/AMP and the bronchodilator response in asthmatic children
Authors: Suh D.I. , Lee J.K. , Kim C.K. , Koh Y.Y. 
Published: September 2010

Bronchodilator response (BDR) is assessed to estimate the reversibility of airflow obstruction. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma and is usually measured by means of bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. The aim of the present study was to compare BHR to methacholine (direct) and that to adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) (indirect) with regard to their relationships to BDR in asthmatic children.Methacholine and AMP challenge tests were performed on 138 children with mild-to-moderate asthma, and the provocative concentration causing a 20% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (PC20) was determined for each challenge. BDR was calculated as the change in FEV1, expressed as a percentage of the initial value, after inhalation of 400 μg salbutamol.Methacholine PC20correlated significantly but weakly with BDR (r = -0.254; p = 0.003). However, there was a significant and strong correlation between AMP PC20and BDR (r = -0.489; p = 0.000). For AMP PC20, the relationship was closer than for methacholine PC20(p = 0.024 for comparison between correlation coefficients). The same figures were observed when BDR was expressed as a percentage of the predicted value.A stronger correlation of BDR with AMP PC20than with methacholine PC20suggests that BDR may be better reflected by BHR as assessed by AMP challenge than by methacholine challenge.
Hypercytokinaemia accompanies HIV–tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Tadokera R. , Meintjes G. , Skolimowska K.H. , Wilkinson K.A. , Matthews K. , Seldon R. , Chegou N.N. , Maartens G. , Rangaka M.X. , Rebe K. , Walzl G. , Wilkinson R.J. 
Published: September 2010

Increased access to combination antiretroviral therapy in areas co-endemic for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) whose cause is poorly understood.A case-control analysis of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in TB-IRIS patients sampled at clinical presentation, and similar control patients with HIV-TB prescribed combined antiretroviral therapy who did not develop TB-IRIS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence or absence of heat-killedMycobacterium tuberculosisfor 6 and 24 h.Stimulation withM. tuberculosisincreased the abundance of many cytokine transcripts with interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) being greater in stimulated TB-IRIS cultures. Analysis of the corresponding proteins in culture supernatants, revealed increased IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IFN-γ, GM-CSF and TNF in TB-IRIS cultures. In serum, higher concentrations of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed in TB-IRIS patients. Serum IL-6 and TNF decreased during prednisone therapy in TB-IRIS patients.These data suggest that cytokine release contributes to pathology in TB-IRIS. IL-6 and TNF were consistently elevated and decreased in serum during corticosteroid therapy. Specific blockade of these cytokines may be rational approach to immunomodulation in TB-IRIS.
Influence of secular trends and sample size on reference equations for lung function tests
Authors: Quanjer P.H. , Stocks J. , Cole T.J. , Hall G.L. , Stanojevic S. 
Published: September 2010

The aim of our study was to determine the contribution of secular trends and sample size to lung function reference equations, and establish the number of local subjects required to validate published reference values.30 spirometry datasets collected between 1978 and 2009 provided data on healthy, white subjects: 19,291 males and 23,741 females aged 2.5–95 yrs. The best fit for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC as functions of age, height and sex were derived from the entire dataset using GAMLSS. Mean z-scores were calculated for individual datasets to determine inter-centre differences. This was repeated by subdividing one large dataset (3,683 males and 4,759 females) into 36 smaller subsets (comprising 18–227 individuals) to preclude differences due to population/technique.No secular trends were observed and differences between datasets comprising >1,000 subjects were small (maximum difference in FEV1and FVC from overall mean: 0.30– -0.22 z-scores). Subdividing one large dataset into smaller subsets reproduced the above sample size-related differences and revealed that at least 150 males and 150 females would be necessary to validate reference values to avoid spurious differences due to sampling error.Use of local controls to validate reference equations will rarely be practical due to the numbers required. Reference equations derived from large or collated datasets are recommended.