bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE AMBIGUITY OF MORAL EXCELLENCE: A Response to Aaron Stalnaker's “Virtue as Mastery”
Authors: Bucar Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis response draws on Saba Mahmood's work on Muslim subjectivities in order to consider how Stalnaker's conceptualization of virtue might be applied to non‐Confucian sources. I argue that when applied cross‐culturally, Stalnaker's revised definition of “skillful virtue” raises normative and metaethical questions about what counts as a skill versus a mere bodily practice, the process by how skill is acquired, and how we can both allow for the ambiguity of skills and continue to make constructive arguments about them.
ETHICS OF BEWILDERMENT
Authors: Yearley Lee H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAn ethics of bewilderment, which differs dramatically from the more familiar ethics of ease, is best understood through poetic presentations. Using examples drawn from Chinese and Western sources—notably Du Fu and Dante—this inquiry treats bewilderment as both an emotion and a virtue. Both these forms of bewilderment involve an acknowledgment of how minimal is the ethical confidence we have, given the feelings we have and the judgments we must make, but they also extend in productive ways the implications of that acknowledgment.
BEWILDERMENT AND THEREAFTER: Some Reflections in Response to Lee Yearley
Authors: Clooney Francis X. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe following reflections were originally an oral response to issues raised in Lee Yearley's presentation in May 2009 at Harvard Divinity School. As written here, they follow upon his oral and now written comments, highlighting key issues and points for development, drawing on this respondent's expertise in comparative and Hindu studies.
VIOLENCE AND MORALITY: The Concession of Loss in A Ghanaian Fishing Village
Authors: Lucht Hans 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWhen African migrants disappear on the Mediterranean going to Europe they often leave no trace—except for the occasional bodies that wash ashore on the beaches of southern Europe. In this essay, the urgent social and existential ramifications of migrant fatalities on the sea are explored. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a small Ghanaian fishing village on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, it is discussed how the bereaved struggle to make sense of these deaths to high‐risk migration—how they struggle to deal with devastating loss while retaining a sense of moral order.
A RESPONSE TO HANS LUCHT'S “VIOLENCE AND MORALITY: THE CONCESSION OF LOSS IN A GHANAIAN FISHING VILLAGE”
Authors: Ilesanmi Simeon O. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe violent encounter between Africans and the forces of globalization raises the question of whether Africans should capitulate to these forces or seek to morally transform them, notwithstanding the uncertainty of achieving success. This essay argues that an exclusively existentialist interpretation of the African predicaments is inadequate because it erects a false dichotomy between African religious and moral sensibilities. It proposes instead an ethic of responsibility that affirms the interdependence of not only these two realms of life, but also of communal well‐being and individual's subjectivity.
RESPONSE TO PAPERS FOR “ETHNOGRAPHY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND COMPARATIVE RELIGIOUS ETHICS” FOCUS
Authors: Kelsay John 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe Center for the Study of World Religions (CSWR) project represented here through papers by Thomas Lewis, Aaron Stalnaker, Hans Lucht, and Lee Yearley (with responses) was motivated by the judgment that the trend toward a focus on virtue ethics, with attendant concern for techniques of forming selves, creates an opportunity for a dialogue with ethnographers. I argue that the CSWR essays neglect social and institutional considerations, as well as overdrawing the distinction between “formalist” and virtue approaches to the study of comparative ethics.
Essays: RELIGIOUS MEDICAL ETHICS: A Study of the Rulings of Rabbi Waldenberg
Authors: Brand Yitzhak 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to examine how religious ideas that are not the focus of a particular halakhic question become the crux of the ruling, thereby molding it and dictating its bias. We will attempt to demonstrate this through a study of Jewish medical ethics, based on some of the rulings of one of the greatest halakhic decisors of the previous generation: Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda Waldenberg (1915–2006). Rabbi Waldenberg molds his rulings on the basis of a religious principle asserting that the legitimacy of any medical procedure is qualified and limited. Rabbi Waldenberg rejects certain accepted medical practices, including plastic surgery, in vitro fertilization, and organ transplants. Even if these procedures are regarded by other halakhic decisors as being legitimate, for Rabbi Waldenberg they are ethically and religiously improper, and therefore they are halakhically forbidden.
AGAINST METAETHICAL IMPERIALISM: Several Arguments for Equal Partnerships between the Deontic and Aretaic
Authors: Couenhoven Jesse 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTVirtue and deontological ethics are now commonly contrasted as rival approaches to moral inquiry. However, I argue that neither metaethical party should seek complete, solitary domination of the ethical domain. Reductive treatments of the right or the virtuous, as well as projects that abandon the former or latter, are bound to leave us with a sadly diminished map of the moral territories crucial to our lives. Thus, it is better for the two parties to seek a more cordial and equal relationship, one that permits metaethical pluralism, and acknowledges mutual dependence. I do not seek to prescribe how that relationship should look: this essay offers less a positive metaethical position than a prolegomenon to such a position, one that attempts to head off harmful attempts to reduce the territory of the aretaic to that of the deontic, or that of the deontic to the aretaic.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL THINKING ABOUT FORCE ETHICS: A Matter of Method and Content
Authors: Morgan April L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAnalyses of religious and cultural perspectives on the use of force continue to receive criticism for questionable motives, for insufficient holism, and for exaggerating uniqueness. Claims of recurrent problems educe consideration of interdisciplinary proposals designed to resolve related challenges. Thought together, some suggest that a transversal research program into ethical orientations toward war can facilitate fair and rigorous exploration of crosscultural similarities and differences. Tentative findings emphasizing textual precepts indicate some resonance amid diversity across eleven ethical frameworks including Western just war thinking. Maximizing relevance depends upon expanding the range of orientations and practices studied. Future results might be integrated with knowledge about the influence of other variables to more completely capture the phenomenon of making judgments regarding the use of force in all its manifestations.
Book Discussion Section: COMPARATIVE ETHICS, ISLAM, AND HUMAN RIGHTS: Internal Pluralism and the Possible Development of Tradition
Authors: Hollenbach David 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDialogue with three major Muslim authors shows that Islam can take a positive stance toward human rights while also presenting differing interpretations of the meaning and scope of rights. Because of their subordination of norms reached through reason to those drawn from faith, as well as negative experiences of the impact of Western colonization of parts of the Muslim world, Abul A‘la Maududi and Sayyid Qutb place significant restrictions on rights of conscience. 'Abdolkarim Soroush's positive support for the role of reason in Islamic faith and his less‐negative assessment of the West lead him to more vigorous support for the human rights agenda. This study raises the question of whether the humility needed in comparative ethics and the respect for others at the root of human rights are necessarily linked.
THE RIGHTS OF MUSLIM WOMEN: A Comment on Irene Oh's The Rights of God
Authors: Hashmi Sohail H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis review of Irene Oh's The Rights of God focuses on women's rights in Islamic theory and practice. Oh suggests that religious establishments, and the texts they disseminate, often press believers to recognize and reject social problems, such as racial and gender discrimination. Islamic scholars and texts have played a more ambiguous role in efforts to recognize women's rights within Muslim states. Modernist intellectuals have used Islamic texts to support the advancement of women's rights, but members of the more conservative religious establishment have typically curbed or rejected these efforts. Muslim women themselves have established various responses to the question of Islam's compatibility with women's rights. While some embrace the value and compatibility of both, others reject the propriety of either Western conceptions of rights, or the Islamic tradition, as harmful for women. Muslim reformers and feminists have much to learn from comparative studies with other faith communities that have undergone similar struggles and transformations.
Phylogeography of the Y‐chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia
Authors: Malyarchuk Boris , Derenko Miroslava , Denisova Galina , Wozniak Marcin , Grzybowski Tomasz , Dambueva Irina , Zakharov Ilia 
Published: August 2010

SummaryTo reconstruct the phylogenetic structure of Y‐chromosome haplogroup (hg) C in populations of northern Eurasia, we have analyzed the diversity of microsatellite (STR) loci in a total sample of 413 males from 18 ethnic groups of Siberia, Eastern Asia and Eastern Europe. Analysis of SNP markers revealed that all Y‐chromosomes studied belong to hg C3 and its subhaplogroups C3c and C3d, although some populations (such as Mongols and Koryaks) demonstrate a relatively high input (more than 30%) of yet unidentified C3* haplotypes. Median joining network analysis of STR haplotypes demonstrates that Y‐chromosome gene pools of populations studied are characterized by the presence of DNA clusters originating from a limited number of frequent founder haplotypes. These are subhaplogroup C3d characteristic for Mongolic‐speaking populations, “star cluster” in C3* paragroup, and a set of DYS19 duplicated C3c Y‐chromosomes. All these DNA clusters show relatively recent coalescent times (less than 3000 years), so it is probable that founder effects, including social selection resulting in high male fertility associated with a limited number of paternal lineages, may explain the observed distribution of hg C3 lineages.
A model and measure for quality service user involvement in health research
Authors: Morrow Elizabeth , Ross Fiona , Grocott Patricia , Bennett Janette 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the UK, researchers across the health professions are increasingly being encouraged by policymakers and research commissioners to ‘involve’ service users in research. A recent review shows there is some evidence that involving patients, carers, relatives, social or community groups directly and actively as part of the research process can improve the conduct of research studies and the impact of the findings. Yet, little is known about how involvement is played out within research studies and there is a need for more critical and consistent assessment of what constitutes quality involvement. The overall purpose of this paper is to support learning about quality service user involvement in health care research. The aim is to provide service users and researchers with a structured and consistent way to reflect and report on their experiences. A range of philosophical and social theories of power and empowerment were reviewed and synthesized to create a model of quality involvement. The analysis encompassed both service user factors (what a person feels able to do, whether they feel their potential is being fulfilled and their sense of being valued) alongside research factors (research relationships, ways of doing research, research structures). A model is presented (Quality Involvement Framework), which contributes theoretically informed perspectives about the meaning and assessment of quality service user involvement in research. The model is developed as a practical measure (a Quality Involvement Questionnaire) for researchers and service users to be more reflective about the constraints and possibilities of involvement. The tools presented here could help research teams to examine personal factors and the research contexts that influence the nature and quality of service user involvement in research. They may also help to identify reoccurring issues about quality which could inform future policy, practice and research.
Consumer involvement in research using oral history: ‘What are people's experiences of health and well‐being in Halton?’
Authors: Reid Gaynor , Kinsella Evelyn , Cooke Paul , Shotton Doreen , Porcellato Lorna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe a qualitative oral history case study that involved consumers in research and followed a collaborative approach in the north‐west of England. This study had two aims: (1) to increase local voluntary groups research capacity through active involvement in research; and (2) to explore the community's historical perceptions of health and well‐being. The research team included four lay researchers from local voluntary groups supported by an academic researcher. Data collection used semi‐structured interviews based on oral history life stories that focused on health and well‐being. Thematic data analysis and mind maps were used to create a collective narrative. This paper will provide a brief synopsis of the findings from the main themes of health and well‐being, and reflect on the process of consumer involvement in research using oral history. Outputs have included dissemination at a local and national level, increased knowledge and confidence in the research process, and involvement in other related initiatives, such as Local Involvement Networks, partnership working with local libraries and collaboration with the regional archivist.
Reducing non‐attendance at specialist clinics: an evaluation of the effectiveness and cost of patient‐focussed booking and SMS reminders at a Scottish health board
Authors: Milne Robin G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to test the effectiveness of patient‐focussed booking and last minute reminders using short message service (SMS) messages to reduce non‐attendance at consultant outpatient clinics, and to estimate their cost to the service provider per non‐attendance [did not attend (DNA)] avoided. Non‐attendance is modelled in terms of patient‐focussed booking, reminders and a variety of control variables on new and return appointments at one health board in Scotland over a 14‐month period. Patient‐focussed booking and last minute reminders reduced non‐attendance. We find patient‐focussed booking demonstrated the importance of booking appointments no more than 6 weeks in advance, and would incur recurrent costs of £6 ($9.15, €6.73) compared with the status quo, assuming the DNA rate with neither initiative were 10%. Requiring patients also to opt in would cost an additional £200 ($305, €224). Coverage in terms of SMS reminders was limited both in respect to contact details and spread of cellphone ownership, but incurs no recurrent costs when the in‐house network, NHSmail, is used. Interactive voice response is an alternative to SMS reminders: it could achieve wide coverage, but at a cost of £5.50 ($8.39, €6.17) per DNA avoided. We conclude that SMS reminders and booking appointments no more than 6 weeks in advance can be effective and low‐cost ways to reduce non‐attendance. It is questionable whether patients should be required to opt in, unless this is by far the best way to obtain cellphone contact details. Otherwise. interactive voice response might be considered as the preferred method to send last minute reminders.
Telling stories: learning from patients' and families' experiences of specialist child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Ahuja Alka S. , Williams Richard 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIncreasingly, patients', relatives', carers' and practitioners' experiences and values are recognized as important aspects of health‐care decision‐making. Arguably, practitioners, patients and carers should participate as co‐producers of health care. The roles of patients and carers are changing as practitioners and their educators value more highly their experiences and expertise. One way of promoting co‐production and user engagement in specialist child and adolescent mental health services is to actively involve patients and their carers in educating health‐care practitioners. This recognizes that service users, or patients, can contribute in unique ways as experts in their illnesses. The aim of this paper was to explore the experiences and opinions of patients and their families about their specialist mental health care and inform a web‐based educational resource for practitioners. This paper reports a qualitative study of the views, experiences and expectations of young people and their carers who were known to the specialist child and adolescent mental health service in Gwent. Qualitative, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 families. Analysis of the transcripts focussed on the families' journeys into and through the service, their positive and negative experiences, and the impact of their mental health problems. Themes emerged that concern difficulties in gaining access to appropriate services because of lack of clarity in referral routes, poor communication among different agencies, and the impact of diagnoses on the young people and their families. Families known to the services were satisfied with the information and support provided by the services. Most identified particular staff or agencies that they had found helpful in their journey. The study reported here captured a rich seam of experiences and opinions that have since been translated into a web‐based educational resource. The information from this study will equip practitioners to work more effectively with young people who are distressed or unwell and their families.
Public partnerships, governance and user involvement: a service user perspective
Authors: Beresford Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper explores public partnerships and governance from a service user perspective, drawing both on the author's own involvement in service user organizations and movements and on material associated with and produced by these organizations and movements. It addresses the ambivalent relationship between service user organizations and movements and the idea and practice of ‘partnerships’, and explores their preference for ideas of ‘alliance’. It charts the different approaches to and ideologies underpinning user involvement and their implications for partnership between state and service users and their organizations. It offers a set of components for improving such partnerships as well as highlighting the growing interest of service users' organizations and movements in developing and extending alliances.
Reconstructing consumer participation in evidence‐based health care: a polemic
Authors: Jordan Zoe , Court Anthea 
Published: August 2010

AbstractConsumer participation in the evidence‐based health‐care movement is largely seen as important by those who promote evidence‐based health care but is surrounded by a range of competing discourses that variously critique medicine, nursing or health‐care systems; situate consumers as powerless players within systems characterized by controlling health professionals; or politicize the role of the consumer as activist and defender of patient rights. This paper explores these competing discourses and develops an argument that asserts that the social construction of the evidence‐based movement has rendered previously accepted terminology regarding the user or receiver of health services relatively meaningless. The result has been the ‘politicisation’ and ‘professionalisation’ of consumer participation and the time has come to reconstruct consumer participation in evidence‐based health care – from the generation of evidence to guideline development.
Consumers as researchers – innovative experiences in UK National Health Service Research
Authors: Caldon Lisa J.M. , Marshall‐Cork Hazel , Speed Gillian , Reed Malcolm W.R. , Collins Karen A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractConsumer involvement is an established priority in UK health‐ and social‐care service development and research. To date, little has been published describing the process of consumer involvement and assessing ‘consumers’ contributions to research. This paper provides a practical account of the effective incorporation of consumers into a research team, and outlines the extent to which they can enhance the research cycle; from project development and conduct, through data analysis and interpretation, to dissemination. Salient points are illustrated using the example of their collaboration in a research project. Of particular note were consumers' contributions to the development of an ethically enhanced, more robust project design, and enriched data interpretation, which may not have resulted had consumers not been an integral part of the research team.
‘I send the wife to the doctor’– Men's behaviour as health consumers
Authors: Buckley Joan , Ó Tuama Seamus 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper explores men's behaviour and attitudes in relation to health matters. While there has been some practical and research progress in engaging with users of health services, there is less development in the area of engaging non‐users. In effect, all members of the society can be the consumers/users of health promotion, though not all are. This paper reports on the first stage of a wider project aimed at increasing the effectiveness of skin cancer awareness messages aimed at men. The project focuses on men over 50 from an area of socio‐economic disadvantage, since these men tend to have the lowest life expectancies in general, and the highest incidences of mortality for skin cancer both at a national and international level. The research was conducted through community‐based focus groups and while the sample was relatively, small it produced some interesting outcomes in terms of how this cohort audited and responded to public health promotion campaigns; how they perceive cancer and health issues in general; how they respond to health issues; and how they view both the public health service in Ireland and the ways health professionals relate to them. It confirms many theories about how men view their health and how they respond to health promotion campaigns. Among other points, it raises questions about the possible mixed benefits of testimonial‐based advertising. It also indicates that there may be further layers of complexity connected to identity, fatalism, problem solving and respectful treatment that have not been sufficiently articulated in the literature. It points to the need for greater engagement by service planners and providers with the needs of their target audience, which may require a more encompassing definition of service user.