bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grafting of regenerated cellulose membrane by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its pH‐resposive behavior
Authors: Pan Kai , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhu Jie , Cao Bing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRegenerated cellulose (RC) membranes which have pH modulated permeability have been prepared by anchoring the hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide, followed by grafting with acrylic acid (AA) using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The obtained membranes were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectrometer (ATR‐FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TGA and the results showed that AA had been grafted onto the membrane surfaces successfully. Then the pH modulated permeability properties were tested by water flux measurement. All results show that the pH modulated permeability properties of a RC membrane can be obtained by surface‐initiated ATRP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue for stage 4B retinoblastoma
Authors: Dunkel Ira J. , Chan Helen S.L. , Jubran Rima , Chantada Guillermo L. , Goldman Stewart , Chintagumpala Murali , Khakoo Yasmin , Abramson David H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundStage 4b retinoblastoma (central nervous system metastatic disease) has been lethal in virtually all cases reported. Here we describe a series of eight patients treated with intensive chemotherapy, defined as the intention to include high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue.ProcedureInduction chemotherapy included cyclophosphamide and/or carboplatin with a topoisomerase inhibitor. High‐dose chemotherapy regimens were carboplatin and thiotepa with or without etoposide (n = 3) or carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide (n = 2).ResultsSeven patients had leptomeningeal disease and one patient had only direct extension to the CNS via the optic nerve. Three patients had stage 4b disease at the time of original diagnosis of the intra‐ocular retinoblastoma; five had later onset at a median of 12 months (range 3–69 months). One patient died of toxicity (septicemia and multi‐organ system failure) during induction and two had disease progression prior to high‐dose chemotherapy. Five patients received high‐dose chemotherapy at a median of 6 months (range 4–6) post‐diagnosis of stage 4b disease. Two patients survive event‐free at 40 and 101 months; one was irradiated following recovery from the high‐dose chemotherapy.ConclusionsIntensive multimodality therapy may be beneficial for some patients with stage 4b retinoblastoma. Longer follow‐up will determine whether it has been curative. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:149–152. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a center's 10‐year experience
Authors: Odibo Anthony O. , Najaf Tasnim , Vachharajani Akshaya , Warner Barbara , Mathur Amit , Warner Brad W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prenatal factors associated with the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and neonatal survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).Study designA retrospective cohort study of all cases of CDH seen in our center between 1998 and 2008. Prenatal ultrasound and neonatal records were reviewed. Both univariable and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the significant factors associated with the use of ECMO and survival.ResultsAmong 107 cases of CDH seen during the study period, 62 were evaluated prenatally in our center and 49 had information on all variables evaluated. The overall rate of ECMO use was 27/107 (25%) and survival rate was 53/107 (49.5%). The lung area to head circumference ratio (LHR) and gestational age (GA) at delivery were the only significant factors associated with ECMO use, and the LHR and absence of liver herniation were significantly associated with survival. LHR values under 1.0 were associated with 57% need for ECMO and 100% neonatal death. Although, overall, the observed:expected LHR (O:E LHR) was not significantly associated with ECMO use or survival, levels below 65% were associated with 58% need for ECMO (p = 0.004) and 100% neonatal death (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe study confirms the LHR, GA at delivery and liver herniation as significant prenatal predictors of the need for ECMO or survival in cases with CDH. This information is helpful for counseling women with fetuses complicated by CDH. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and fabrication of an affordable polymer micromixer for medical and biomedical applications
Authors: Li Lei , Yang Can , Shi Huizhuo , Liao Wei‐Ching , Huang Hanxiong , Lee L. James , Castro Jose M. , Yi Allen Y. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, an affordable split‐and‐recombine polymer static micromixer and its fabrication process are described. The structure of the micromixer was designed to take advantage of the process capabilities of both ultraprecision micromachining and microinjection molding. This arrangement allows a considerably short machining time, high productivity, and flexibility as compared with many of the previous fabrication processes used in manufacturing of micromixers, for example, the cleanroom process. Moreover, in recent years, microinjection molding has become a cost effective mass production method for polymeric components with micro and nano scale features. Specifically, in this study four dominating processing parameters in microinjection molding, including melt temperature, injection velocity, packing pressure, and packing time were selected as variables to investigate their effects on replication quality. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the packing pressure and packing time played an important role on replication, followed by melt temperature while the injection velocity seemed to have no influence on replication. Finally, experiments using two colored water solutions were conducted to evaluate the device performance, and the mixing result demonstrated the successful fabrication and performance of the injection molded polymer micromixer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1594–1604, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and self‐assembly behavior of pH‐responsive amphiphilic copolymers containing ketal functional groups
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Zhang Hao , Nie Jun , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPolymeric micelles that are responsive to pH are particularly attractive for application in drug delivery systems. In this study, one type of amphiphilic block copolymers with hydrophobic building blocks bearing pH‐sensitive ketal groups was designed. In an acidic environment, the polarity transfer from amphiphile to double hydrophile for this copolymer destroyed the driving force of micelle formation, which triggered the release of encapsulated hydrophobic molecules. The amphiphilic block copolymers monomethoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4‐yl)methyl acrylate (MPEG‐block‐PDMDMA) was fabricated by atom transfer radical polymerization using MPEG‐Br as macroinitiator. The critical micelle concentration of various compositions of this copolymer in aqueous solution ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 mg L−1, and the partition equilibrium constant (Kv) of pyrene in micellar solutions of the copolymers varied from 1.61 × 105 to 4.86 × 105. Their overall effective hydrodynamic diameters from dynamic light scattering measurements were between 80 and 400 nm, and the micellar morphology showed spherical geometry as investigated using transmission electron microscopy. At pH = 1.0, all of these polymeric micelles presented 100% payload release in 24 h of incubation, while at pH = 3.0, nearly 70 and 25% of pyrene was released for MPEG‐block‐PDMDMA (44/18) and MPEG‐block‐PDMDMA (44/25) in 260 h, respectively. The pH‐responsive MPEG‐block‐PDMDMA polymeric micelles having good encapsulation efficiency for hydrophobic drugs are potential candidates for biomedical and drug delivery applications. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface morphology, thermomechanical and barrier properties of poly(ether sulfone)‐toughened epoxy clay ternary nanocomposites
Authors: Asif Abdul Azeez , John Bibin , Rao Vattikuty Lakshmana , Ninan Kovoor Ninan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPoly(ether sulfone) (PES)‐toughened epoxy clay ternary nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending of PES with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin along with Cloisite 30B followed by curing with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone. The effect of organoclay and thermoplastic on the fracture toughness, permeability, viscoelasticity and thermomechanical properties of the epoxy system was investigated. A significant improvement in fracture toughness and modulus with reduced coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and gas permeability were observed with the addition of thermoplastic and clay to the epoxy system. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture‐failed specimens revealed crack path deflection and ductile fracture without phase separation. Oxygen gas permeability was reduced by 57% and fracture toughness was increased by 66% with the incorporation of 5 phr clay and 5 phr thermoplastic into the epoxy system. Optical transparency was retained even with high clay content. The addition of thermoplastic and organoclay to the epoxy system had a synergic effect on fracture toughness, modulus, CTE and barrier properties. Planetary ball‐milled samples gave exfoliated morphology with better thermomechanical properties compared to ultrasonicated samples with intercalated morphology. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and properties of novel polyamides containing sulfone‐ether linkages and xanthene cardo groups
Authors: Sheng Shouri , Li Ting , Jiang Jianwen , He Wen , Song Caisheng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn order to obtain polyamides with enhanced solubility and processability, as well as good mechanical and thermal properties, several novel polyamides containing sulfone‐ether linkages and xanthene cardo groups based on a new diamine monomer, 9,9‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]xanthene (BAPX), were investigated. The BAPX monomer was synthesized via a two‐step process consisting of an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of readily available 4‐chloronitrobenzene with 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)xanthene in the presence of potassium carbonate in N,N‐dimethylformamide, followed by catalytic reduction with hydrazine and Pd/C. Four novel aromatic polyamides containing sulfone‐ether linkages and xanthene cardo groups with inherent viscosities between 0.98 and 1.22 dL g−1 were prepared by low‐temperature polycondensation of BAPX with 4,4′‐sulfonyldibenzoyl chloride, 4,4′‐[sulfonyl‐bis(4‐phenyleneoxy)]dibenzoyl chloride, 3,3′‐[sulfonyl‐bis(4‐phenyleneoxy)]dibenzoyl chloride and 4,4′‐[sulfonyl‐bis(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenyleneoxy)]dibenzoyl chloride in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution containing pyridine. All these new polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in various polar solvents such as DMAc and N‐methylpyrrolidone. These polymers showed relatively high glass transition temperatures in the range 238–298 °C, almost no weight loss up to 450 °C in air or nitrogen atmosphere, decomposition temperatures at 10% weight loss ranging from 472 to 523 °C and 465 to 512 °C in nitrogen and air, respectively, and char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen higher than 50 wt%. Transparent, flexible and tough films of these polymers cast from DMAc solution exhibited tensile strengths ranging from 78 to 87 MPa, elongations at break from 9 to 13% and initial moduli from 1.7 to 2.2 GPa. Primary characterization of these novel polyamides shows that they might serve as new candidates for processable high‐performance polymeric materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
An involuted orbifold MSSM
Authors: Vaudrevange P.K.S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA compactification of the E8 × E8 heterotic string on a ℤ2 × ℤ2 orbifold equipped with an additional freely acting involution is presented. This model reproduces the exact chiral MSSM spectrum with matter parity and a non‐trivial Yukawa structure. The key ingredient is a freely acting Wilson line associated to the involution, breaking SU(5) to SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1)Y. This work is based on a talk given at the “9th Hellenic School and Workshop on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity” and reviews the results of a collaboration with M. Blaszczyk, S. Groot Nibbelink, M. Ratz, F. Rühle and M. Trapletti.
Stringy space‐time foam refraction and γ‐ray astronomy
Authors: Mavromatos N.E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractI review briefly a model of space‐time foam in string theory that generates a non‐trivial refractive index for photons in a way compatible with current astrophysical measurements on delayed arrivals of more energetic photons from distant cosmic sources. In this context, I also discuss the recent measurements by FERMI/Large Area Telescope on the highly energetic Gamma Ray Burst GRB 090510, and I explain under what conditions for the model they can become compatible with the other measurements.
Eight‐plex iTRAQ analysis of variant metastatic human prostate cancer cells identifies candidate biomarkers of progression: An exploratory study
Authors: Glen Adam , Evans Caroline A. , Gan Chee S. , Cross Simon S. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Gibbins Jonathan , Lippitt Jenny , Eaton Colby L. , Noirel Josselin , Wright Phillip C. , Rehman Ishtiaq 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the heterogeneity in the biological behavior of prostate cancer, biomarkers that can reliably distinguish indolent from aggressive disease are urgently needed to inform treatment choices.METHODSWe employed 8‐plex isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ), to profile the proteomes of two distinct panels of isogenic prostate cancer cells with varying growth and metastatic potentials, in order to identify novel biomarkers associated with progression. The LNCaP, LNCaP‐Pro5, and LNCaP‐LN3 panel of cells represent a model of androgen‐responsive prostate cancer, while the PC‐3, PC‐3M, and PC‐3M‐LN4 panel represent a model of androgen‐insensitive disease.RESULTSOf the 245 unique proteins identified and quantified (≥95% confidence; ≥2 peptides/protein), 17 showed significant differential expression (≥±1.5), in at least one of the variant LNCaP cells relative to parental cells. Similarly, comparisons within the PC‐3 panel identified 45 proteins to show significant differential expression in at least one of the variant PC‐3 cells compared with parental cells. Differential expression of selected candidates was verified by Western blotting or immunocytochemistry, and corresponding mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Immunostaining of prostate tissue microarrays for ERp5, one of the candidates identified, showed a significant higher immunoexpression in pre‐malignant lesions compared with non‐malignant epithelium (P < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U‐test), and in high Gleason grade (4–5) versus low grade (2–3) cancers (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSOur study provides proof of principle for the application of an 8‐plex iTRAQ approach to uncover clinically relevant candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer progression. Prostate 70:1313–1332, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced current collection in back‐contacted back‐junction Si solar cells by overcompensating a boron emitter with a phosphorus base‐type doping
Authors: Reichel Christian , Granek Filip , Hermle Martin , Glunz Stefan W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElectrical shadings losses, resulting from a reduced minority charge carrier collection probability in regions without a collecting p–n junction, of industrially fabricated back‐contacted back‐junction silicon solar cells, are one of the main loss mechanisms. In order to minimize these losses, a local overcompensation of a boron emitter doping with a phosphorus base‐type doping can be applied to reduce the area without a collecting p–n junction and to increase the emitter coverage on the rear side considerably. The focus of the present investigation is to analyze the influence of the aforementioned solar cell design on the locally measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) and on the short‐circuit current. It has been found that for solar cells with a reduced base‐type doping area and an increased emitter coverage, electrical shading losses could be minimized significantly, resulting in very high short‐circuit currents Jsc of 39.8 mA/cm2 for a 1 Ω cm and 40.9 mA/cm2 for a 10 Ω cm base material. This corresponds to a gain in Jsc of 2.4 and 1.0 mA/cm2, respectively, compared to reference solar cells with a reduced collecting p–n junction area.
Structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nanopowders doped with Mn
Authors: Ebrahimizadeh Abrishami M. , Hosseini S. M. , Attaran Kakhki E. , Kompany A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPure ZnO and Zn1‐xMnxO (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10, 0.15) nanopowders have been synthesized by sol gel technique at low temperatures. XRD results indicate that the powder has a hexagonal polycrystalline structure without secondary phases. The nanopowders were characterized using the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Kramers‐Kronig's analysis of mid‐IR reflectance spectra were employed to determine the doping effect on the optical constants and optical phonon modes frequencies. The optical band gap energy decreases from 3.22 eV to 3.12 eV for pure ZnO and Zn0.9Mn0.1O dispersed powders, respectively (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structures and spectra of symmetric meso‐substituted porphyrin: DFT and TDDFT—PCM investigations
Authors: Venkataramanan Natarajan Sathiyamoorthy , Suvitha Ambigapathy , Nejo Hitoshi , Mizuseki Hiroshi , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDFT and TDDFT calculations at the level of PBE0/6‐31G(d)/6‐31+G(d) were performed systematically on seven porphyrins with symmetrical meso‐substitutents. Our results show that the planarity of the free base porphyrin (BP) are affected by the introduction of substitutents at the meso‐position of the ring. Geometrical studies show that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing groups brings about in‐plane deformation in the porphyrin ring, whereas the bulky substitutents make an out‐of‐plane deformation. However, FMO's diagram shows that electron‐withdrawing groups alter the degeneracy of the HOMO and HOMO −1 orbtial. Up on introduction of substituents at the meso‐position, the Q band FMOs transitions were the same as in the case of free BP; however, the oscillator strength is changed. Electron releasing substituted at the meso‐position shows bathochromic shift in the Q band region. However, the intensity or the hyperchromic shift is higher for the electron withdrawing groups. Solvation studies show that Q bands are blue shifted and B bands are red shifted, whereas the intensity of the B bands was highly enhanced compared with the Q bands. These theoretical studies would be helpful in designing new porphyrins for the photodynamic therapy and dye‐sensitized solar cell applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Quantitation of hepcidin in serum using ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography and a linear ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Bansal Sukhvinder S. , Abbate Vincenzo , Bomford Adrian , Halket John M. , Macdougall Iain C. , Thein Swee Lay , Hider Robert C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHepcidin is a peptide hormone that functions as a key regulator of mammalian iron metabolism. Biological levels are increased in end‐stage renal disease and during inflammation but suppressed in hemochromatosis. Thus hepcidin levels have diagnostic importance. This study describes the development of an analytical method for the quantitative determination of the concentration of hepcidin in clinical samples. The fragmentation of hepcidin was investigated using triple quadrupole and linear ion trap mass spectrometers. A standard quantity of a stable isotopically labelled hepcidin internal standard was added to serum samples. Extraction was performed by protein precipitation and weak cation‐exchange magnetic nanoparticles. Chromatography was carried out on sub 2 µm particle stationary phase, using ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography and a linear ion trap for quantitation. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.4 nmol/L with less than 20% accuracy and precision. The mean hepcidin concentration in sera for controls was 4.6 ± 2.7 nmol/L, in patients with sickle cell disease, 7.0 ± 8.9 nmol/L; in patients with end‐stage renal disease, 30.5 ± 15.7 nmol/L; and patients with penetrant hereditary hemochromatosis, 1.4 ± 0.8 nmol/L. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ascent of neotropical migratory fish in the Itaipu Reservoir fish pass
Authors: Makrakis S. , Miranda L. E. , Gomes L. C. , Makrakis M. C. , Junior H. M. F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Piracema Canal is a complex 10‐km fish pass system that climbs 120 m to connect the Paraná River to the Itaipu Reservoir along the Brazil–Paraguay border. The canal was constructed to allow migratory fishes to reach suitable habitats for reproduction and feeding in tributaries upstream from the reservoir. The Piracema Canal attracted 17 of the 19 long‐distance migratory species that have been recorded in the Paraná River Basin and Paraguay–Paraná Basin. However, the incidence of migratory fish decreased from downstream to upstream, with the pattern of decrease depending on species. Overall, 0.5% of the migratory fish that entered the Piracema Canal and segment 1, eventually were able to reach segment 5 and potentially Itaipu Reservoir. Ascension rate was examined relative to various physical attributes of canal segments; maximum water velocity emerged as the most influential variable affecting fish passage. Water velocity may be manipulated by controlling water discharge, and by re‐engineering critical sections of the canal. Because the Itaipu Reservoir flooded a set of falls that separated two distinct biogeographical regions, facilitating fish movements through the Piracema Canal into the Itaipu Reservoir presents a management dilemma that requires deliberation in the context of the fish assemblages rather than on selected migratory species. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of board capital and CEO power on strategic change
Authors: Haynes Katalin Takacs , Hillman Amy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe develop the construct of board capital, composed of the breadth and depth of directors' human and social capital, and explore how board capital affects strategic change. Building upon resource dependence theory, we submit that board capital breadth leads to more strategic change, while board capital depth leads to less. We also recognize CEO power as a moderator of these relationships. Our hypotheses are tested using a random sample of firms on the S&P 500. We find support for the effect of board capital on strategic change, and partial support for the moderating effect of CEO power. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Isothermal Deformation Conditions on The Mechanical Properties of 22MnB5 HPF Steel
Authors: Fan D. W. , Park R. B. , Cho Y. R. , De Cooman B. C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the present study, the aluminized 22MnB5 Hot Press Forming (HPF) steel was deformed isothermally in the temperature range of 600–800 °C. The specimens were deformed with 0%, 10% and 30% engineering strain at a strain rate of 0.5/s. Mechanical stabilization of austenite during phase transformation was observed. The influence of strain rate was also studied. It was found that the martensite transformation was affected by the combined effect of mechanical stabilization and dynamic recovery. The influence of high temperature deformation on the final microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties were studied. Deformation applied below 750 °C resulted in a significant decrease of the strength and the hardness. The ferrite fraction and morphology had a clear effect on the room temperature tensile fracture morphology.