bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involment of p53, Bax, and Bcl‐2 pathway in microcystins‐induced apoptosis in rat testis
Authors: Li Guang‐Yu , Xie Ping , Li Hui‐Ying , Hao Le , Xiong Qian , Qiu Tong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt has been reported that microcystins (MCs) could accumulate in the gonads of mammals and MCs exposure exerts obvious toxic effects on male reproductive system of mammals. We have comfirmedthat MCs could accumulate and induce apoptosis in rat testis. The p53, Bax, and Bcl‐2 protein play important roles in mitochondria‐dependent apoptotic pathway, and this study aimed to investigate whether the p53, Bax, and Bcl‐2 pathway is involved in microcystins‐induced apoptosis in rat testis and discussed the possible mechanisms. Our results show that MCs led to persistent increase of transcriptional and protein level of P53 and Bax expression but led to decrease of Bcl‐2 expression, resulting in an increased ratio of Bax to Bcl‐2, which might contribute to apoptotic cell death of rat testis following MCs treatment. The increased ratio of expression of Bax to that of Bcl‐2 induced by MCs suggests their important role in MCs‐induced apoptosis in rat testis tissue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 111–117, 2011.
Indocyanine green R15 ratio depends directly on liver perfusion flow rate
Authors: Janssen Martin W. W. , Druckrey‐Fiskaaen Karl T. , Omidi Leyla , Sliwinski Grzegorz , Thiele Christine , Donaubauer Bernd , Polze Nina , Kaisers Udo X. , Thiery Joachim , Wittekind Christian , Hauss Johann P. , Schön Michael R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackroundIndocyanine green (ICG) is a synthetic dye that is widely used to evaluate liver function in critically ill patients, before liver resection or after liver transplantation. Controversy still exists about the impact exerted on the ICG ratio after 15 min (ICG R15) by differences in liver perfusion rates, hyperdynamic states, or patient cardiac output. We studied the role of different liver perfusion rates on the ICG R15 ratio in a normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion system under standardized conditions.MethodsLivers from landrace pigs (40–50 kg) were perfused with fresh porcine blood. Normal and high perfusion rates were defined as 1 ml and 2 ml/g liver/min, respectively. Perfusate pressure of the hepatic artery and portal vein were within the physiological range in both groups. According to manufacturer's instructions, 0.5 mg of ICG per kg was applied and the ICG R15 was calculated. Calculations were based on fifteen experiments in five liver perfusions. Bile production, liver function and histology were analyzed.ResultsAll perfusions were characterized by physiological bile production, lack of hepatocellular damage and normal histology. ICG R15 ratio in group I, perfused with 1 ml/g liver, was 18.9 ± 6%. In group II, perfused with 2 ml/g liver, the ICG R15 ratio was 7.2 ± 3%. The difference between groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionICG R15 is reliable within one group at defined perfusion rates. Doubled perfusion rates contribute to higher ICG clearance. For clinical application we would like to suggest considering cardiac output of the patient for interpretation of ICG ratios.
Silver Nanoparticles and Graphitic Carbon Through Thermal Decomposition of a Silver/Acetylenedicarboxylic Salt
Authors: Dallas Panagiotis , Bourlinos Athanasios B , Komninou Philomela , Karakassides Michael , Niarchos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Spherically shaped silver nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix were synthesized by thermal decomposition of a Ag(I)/acetylenedicarboxylic acid salt. The silver nanoparticles, which are formed either by pyrolysis at 300 °C in an autoclave or thermolysis in xylene suspension at reflux temperature, are acting catalytically for the formation of graphite layers. Both reactions proceed through in situ reduction of the silver cations and polymerization of the central acetylene triple bonds and the exact temperature of the reaction can be monitored through DTA analysis. Interestingly, the thermal decomposition of this silver salt in xylene partly leads to a minor fraction of quasicrystalline silver, as established by HR-TEM analysis. The graphitic layers covering the silver nanoparticles are clearly seen in HR-TEM images and, furthermore, established by the presence of sp2carbon at the Raman spectrum of both samples.
Scalable Preparation of High Purity Rutin Fatty Acid Esters
Authors: Lue Bena‐Marie , Guo Zheng , Glasius Marianne , Xu Xuebing 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInvestigations into expanded uses of modified flavonoids are often limited by the availability of these high purity compounds. As such, a simple, effective and relatively fast method for isolation of gram quantities of both long and medium chain fatty acid esters of rutin following scaled‐up biosynthesis reactions was established. Acylation reactions of rutin and palmitic or lauric acids were efficient in systems containing dried acetone and molecular sieves, yielding from 70–77% bioconversion after 96 h. Thereafter, high purity isolates (>97%) were easily obtained in significant quantities following a two‐step solvent purification procedure whereby excess fatty acid substrate was first removed in a heptane/water (4:1, v/v) system, followed by selective ester extraction using an ethyl acetate/water system (1:6, v/v) at elevated temperature.
Muskeldystrophien Duchenne und Becker
Authors: Grimm T. , Kress W. , Meng G. , Müller-Reible C.R. 
Published: September 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie (DMD) ist die häufigste Muskelerkrankung im Kindesalter. Es liegt ein X-chromosomal rezessiver Erbgang mit Mutationen im Dystrophingen (etwa 65% Deletionen, etwa 7% Duplikationen, etwa 26% Punktmutationen und etwa 2% unbekannte Mutationen) vor. Das genetische Modell ist komplex. Die Mutationsraten in beiden Geschlechtern sind ungleich. Punktmutationen und Duplikationen entstehen eher in der Spermatogenese, Deletionen eher in der Oogenese. Angenähert handelt es sich bezüglich aller Patienten bei etwa 33% um Neumutationen, von welchen der größere Teil als Keimzellmosaik vorliegt. Die Becker-Muskeldystrophie (BMD) ist mit der DMD allelisch.
The effect of consumers' diurnal preferences on temporal behavior
Authors: Hornik Jacob , Ofir Chezy , Shaanan‐satchi Rinat 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine whether customers' diurnal preferences, tested at different times of the day, affect their responses and behavior. Three studies explore whether synchrony between the peak circadian arousal period and the time of participant testing influenced participants' temporal perception and behavior. Overall, the results imply a robust synchrony and time‐of‐day effects on the dependent variables. The authors discuss the theoretical significance of their findings and the managerial implications for consumer research and practice.
Discursive power in deliberations: A case of redevelopment for the creative economy in the Netherlands
Authors: Metze Tamara A P 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
This paper examines the power of discourse in experiments with deliberative governance. It argues that discursive power enters deliberations regardless of the procedural attempts to ensure an optimal deliberative setting. This papers focuses on the experiences of a Community of Practice (CoP) that was created to redevelop old industrial sites for the creative economy in the Netherlands. To account for discursive power in these deliberations, it draws on the conceptual framework of “boundary work”. Boundary work involves drawing boundaries around discourse to gain credibility for an argument in a deliberation. This reinforces a discourse and reproduces its power. The empirical study demonstrates how actors relapsed into a dominant ‘entrepreneurship’ discourse but also disrupted it through an exploration of an alternative discourse called ‘cultural entrepreneurship’. This exploration was facilitated by deliberative procedures in combination with the content of boundary-transcending concepts.
‘The last acre and sixpence’: views on bank liability regimes in nineteenth-century Britain
Authors: Turner John D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the nineteenth century, British banking had a complete spectrum of shareholder liability regimes, ranging from pure limited to unlimited liability. Although the debate surrounding the US experience with double liability in banking is well documented, we know relatively little about the British experience of and debate about shareholder liability regimes in banking. Consequently, this article traces the development of views on shareholder liability regimes in nineteenth-century British banking. One of the main findings is that the chief argument for limited liability in British banking was based upon the perceived weaknesses of unlimited liability. In addition, it appears that much of the debate concentrated on the depositor-assuring viability of alternatives to unlimited liability.
An Innovative Triple Immunogold Labeling Method to Investigate the Hemopoietic Stem Cell NicheIn Situ
Authors: Ellis Sarah L. , Williams Brenda , Asquith Stephen , Bertoncello Ivan , Nilsson Susan K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe ultrastructural study of rare cells within their nichein situis very difficult. We have developed a method for locating individual transplanted cells and simultaneously identifying and analyzing the molecules and cellular phenotypes surrounding themin situusing transmission electron microscopy. This innovative method involves triple immunogold labeling combined with serial ultrathin sectioning. We demonstrate the validity of this approach by examining the niche of individual transplanted cells from a population highly enriched for hemopoietic stem cells and the ultrastructural expression of two key stem cell regulatory molecules, hyaluronic acid and osteopontin. In addition, we describe the phenotypes of the surrounding cells.
Alternances casuelles, verbes supports et quantification
Authors: Vivès Robert 
Published: September 2009

In three types of sentences with predicative nouns in French, the arguments of the support verb can occupy different syntactic slots :

(1)	Luc donne des conseils à Max

(2)	Luc abreuve Max de conseils

(3)	Max croule sous les conseils de Luc

This paper evaluates the amount of this type of nouns and verbs in the lexicon of French and studies their syntactic and semantic properties. The verbs in question have a metaphoric sense of quantity. The predicative nouns possible in this type of constructions constitute semantic classes according to the metaphoric meaning of the verbs they accept.
Natural History of Colonization with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecium
Authors: Montecalvo Marisa A. , de Lencastre Herminia , Carraher Margaret , Gedris Cheryl , Chung Marilyn , VanHorn Ken , Wormser Gary P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To determine the incidence, duration, and genetic diversity of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF).Setting:Oncology unit of a 650-bed university hospital.Methods:Surveillance perianal swab cultures were performed on admission and weekly. The molecular relatedness of VREF isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by the hybridization pattern of the vanA resistance determinant.Results:During 8 months of surveillance, the VREF colonization rate was 16.6 patients per 1,000 patient-hospital days, which was 10.6 times greater than the VREF infection rate. Eighty-six patients with VREF colonization were identified. Colonization persisted for at least 7 weeks in the majority of patients. Of 36 colonized patients discharged from the hospital and then readmitted, an average of 2½ weeks later, 22 (61%) patients still were colonized with VREF. Of the 14 patients who were VREF-negative at readmission, only three patients remained culture-negative throughout hospitalizations. PFGE demonstrated that colonization with the same VREF isolate may persist for at least 1 year, and patients may be colonized with more than one strain of VREF.Conclusion:VREF colonization is at least 10-fold more prevalent than infection among oncology patients. Colonization often persists throughout lengthy hospitalizations and may continue for long periods following hospitalization.
Nosocomial Tuberculosis: An Outbreak of a Strain Resistant to Seven Drugs
Authors: Ikeda Robin M. , Birkhead Guthrie S. , DiFerdinando George T. , Bornstein Donald L. , Dooley Samuel W. , Kubica George P. , Morse Dale L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB).Design:Outbreak investigation: review of infection control practices and skin test results of healthcare workers (HCWs); medical records of hospitalized TB patients and mycobacteriology reports; submission of specimens for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing; and an assessment of the air-handling system.Setting:A teaching hospital in upstate New York.Results:Skin-test conversions occurred among 46 (6.6%) of 696 HCWs tested from August through October 1991. Rates were highest on two units (29% and 20%); HCWs primarily assigned to these units had a higher risk for conversion compared with HCWs tested following previous incidents of exposure to TB (relative risk [RR] = 53.4, 95% confidence interval [CI95] =6.9 to 411.1; and RR=37.4, CI95= 5.0 to 277.3, respectively). The likely source patient was the only TB patient hospitalized on both units during the probable exposure period. This patient appeared clinically infectious, was associated with a higher risk of conversion among HCWs providing direct care (RR = 2.37; CI95 = 1.05 to 5.34), and was a prison inmate with TB resistant to seven antituberculosis agents. The MDR-TB strain isolated from this patient also was isolated from other inmate and noninmate patients, and a prison correctional officer exposed in the hospital. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all of these patients had matching RFLP patterns. Infection control practices closely followed established guidelines; however, several rooms housing TB patients had marginal negative pressure with variable numbers of air changes per hour, and directional airflow was disrupted easily.Conclusions:These data strongly suggest nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB to HCWs, patients, and a prison correctional officer working in the hospital. Factors contributing to transmission apparently included prolonged infectiousness of the likely source patient and inadequate environmental controls. Continued urgent attention to TB infection control is needed.
Randomized Prospective Study of the Impact of Three Needleless Intravenous Systems on Needlestick Injury Rates
Authors: L'Ecuyer Paul B. , Schwab Elizabeth Owens , Iademarco Elizabeth , Barr Norma , Aton Elizabeth A. , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To determine the impact of three needleless intravenous systems on needlestick injury rates.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:1,000-bed tertiary-care Midwestern hospital.Participants:Nursing personnel from general medical, general surgical, and intensive-care units.Interventions:From June 1992 through March 1994, a metal blunt cannula (MBC), two-way valve (2-way), and plastic blunt cannula (PBC) were introduced into three study areas, and needlestick injury rates were compared to three control areas using traditional needled devices.Results:24 and 29 needlestick injuries were reported in study and control areas. Intravenous-therapy-related injuries comprised 45.8% and 57.1% of injuries in each area. Thirty-seven percent and 20.7% of study and control area needlestick injuries were considered to pose a high risk of bloodborne infection. The 2-way group had similar rates of total and intravenous-related needlestick injuries compared to control groups. The PBC group had lower rates of total and intravenous-related needlestick injuries per 1,000 patient-days (rate ratios [RR], 0.32 and 0.24; 95°% confidence intervals [CI95], 0.12-0.81 and 0.09-0.61; P=.02 and P=.003, respectively) and per 1,000 productive hours worked (RR, 0.11 and 0.08; CI95, 0.01-0.92 and 0.010.69; P=.03 and P=.005, respectively) compared to controls.Conclusions:Needlestick injuries continued in study areas despite the introduction of needleless devices, and risks of bloodborne pathogen transmission were similar to control areas. The PBC device group noted lower rates of needlestick injuries compared to controls, but there were problems with product acceptance, correct product use, and continued traditional device use in study areas. Low needlestick injury rates make interpretations difficult. Further studies of safety devices are needed and should attempt greater control of worker behavior to aid interpretation.
Nasal and Cutaneous Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Hemodialysis Patients: The Effect of Nasal Mupirocin
Authors: Boelaert Johan R. , Van Landuyt Herman W. , Gordts Bart Z. , De Baere Yvan A. , Messer Shawn A. , Herwaldt Loreen A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFifteen of 20 hemodialysis patients who carried Staphylococcus aureus in their nares also carried the organism on their hands; 2 of 20 patients who did not carry S aureus in their nares carried S aureus on their hands (P<.001). Eightyseven percent of patients who carried S aureus in their nares and on their hands carried the same strain at both sites. Intranasal mupirocin eliminated S aureus from both sites.
Antimicrobial Use in Long-Term–Care Facilities
Authors: Nicolle L.E. , Bentley D. , Garibaldi R. , Neuhaus E. , Smith P. ,   SHEA Long-Term–Care Committee
Published: September 2009

AbstractThere is intense antimicrobial use in long-term–care facilities (LTCF), and studies repeatedly document that much of this use is inappropriate. The current crisis in antimicrobial resistance, which encompasses the LTCF, heightens concerns of antimicrobial use. Attempts to improve antimicrobial use in the LTCF are complicated by characteristics of the patient population, limited availability of diagnostic tests, and virtual absence of relevant clinical trials. This article recommends approaches to management of common LTCF infections and proposes minimal standards for an antimicrobial review program. In developing these recommendations, the article acknowledges the unique aspects of provision of care in the LTCF.
Unrecognized HIV-1 Infection in Inner-City Hospital Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Nagachinta Tippavan , Gold Claudia R. , Cheng Fenny , Heseltine Peter N.R. , Kerndt Peter R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections in patients presenting to an inner-city hospital emergency department, medical records were reviewed from 1,945 patients diagnosed with diseases not related to HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The overall seroprevalence was 2.1% (40):1.8% (11) in nontrauma versus 3.0% (29) in trauma patients. The highest prevalence was found in black, male, uninsured patients.
Nosocomial Infection Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms in the Intensive-Care Unit
Authors: Flaherty John P. , Weinstein Robert A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractResistance to antimicrobial agents is an evolving process, driven by the selective pressure of heavy antibiotic use in individuals living in close proximity to others. The intensive care unit (ICU), crowded with debilitated patients who are receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics and being cared for by busy physicians, nurses, and technicians, serves as an ideal environment for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Problem pathogens presently include multiply resistant gram-negative bacilli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the recently emerged vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The prevention of antimicrobial resistance in ICUs should focus on recognition via routine unit-based sur veillance, improved compliance with handwashing and barrier precautions, and antibiotic-use policies tailored to individual units within hospitals.
American Society of Anesthesiology Scoring Discrepancies Affecting the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System Surgical-Site–Infection Risk Index Rates
Authors: Salemi Charles , Anderson Diana , Flores Douglas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scoring was performed for the National Nosocomial Infection Sur veillance (NNIS) System surgical-site–infection (SSI) risk indexing in 250 prosthetic-joint surgeries. There were ASA scoring discrepancies in 59% of 116 ASA-3 surgeries and 2 out of 10 ASA-3 SSI. The original ASA scoring led to an uncorrected SSI rate of 5.8 per 100 surgeries in the NNIS risk group 0; with corrected ASA scores, the rate was 4.5 per 100 surgeries.
Community-Acquired Notifiable Infectious Diseases in a Pediatric Hospital Effect on Infection Control Work Load
Authors: Shears Paul , Hughes Julie , Brown Doreen H. , Wright Anne G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn a study of the impact of notifiable communicable disease admissions on infection control work load, we found notifiable disease cases to be responsible for less than 10% of admissions but 27% of infection control ward visits and to require extensive community liaison. Measures of work load based on nosocomial infections alone will underestimate infection control activity considerably.
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance Guidelines for the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitals
Authors: Shlaes David M. , Gerding Dale N. , John Joseph F. , Craig William A. , Bornstein Donald L. , Duncan Robert A. , Eckman Mark R. , Farrer William E. , Greene William H. , Lorian Victor , Levy Stuart , McGowan John E. , Paul Sindy M. , Ruskin Joel , Tenover Fred C. , Watanakunakorn Chatrchai 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality, and costs of health care. Prevention of the emergence of resistance and the dissemination of resistant microorganisms will reduce these adverse effects and their attendant costs. Appropriate antimicrobial stewardship that includes optimal selection, dose, and duration of treatment, as well as control of antibiotic use, will prevent or slow the emergence of resistance among microorganisms. A comprehensively applied infection control program will interdict the dissemination of resistant strains
Risk Factors for Surgical-Wound Infection in General Surgery A Prospective Study
Authors: Lizán-García Maxima , García-Caballero Juan , Asensio-Vegas Angel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:To quantify surgical-infection rate, to assess adherence with the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol, and to identify independent factors associated with surgical-wound infection (SWI).Methods:We carried out a prospective study of a cohort of 2,237 general surgery patients with postsurgery stays of more than 48 hours. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using unconditional multiple logistic regression.Setting:A 1,300-bed, university-affiliated, tertiarycare hospital in Madrid, Spain.Results:254 patients developed SWI. The rate of adherence to the antibiotic prophylaxis protocol was 63.5%. Eight factors were independently associated with risk of SWI: age (OR=1.2 for every 10 years of age); wound classification (clean-contaminated, OR=6.4; contaminated, OR=3.7; dirty or infected, OR=9.3); antimicrobial prophylaxis (OR=0.5); stay prior to surgery (OR=1.1 for every 3 days); duration of operation (OR=1.5 for every 60 minutes); malignant neoplasm (OR=1.7); emergency procedure (OR=1.99); intensive-care unit stay prior to surgery (OR=2.6); and antimicrobial prophylaxis administered 2 or more hours before operation (OR=5.3).Conclusion:In general, antimicrobial prophylaxis protects against SWI (OR=0.5); however, administration 2 hours or more before the operation increases the risk of SWI by a factor of 5.3. Therefore, measures should be taken to ensure the correct timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis.