bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transform-based technique for solving boundary value problems on convex planar domains
Authors: Hulse Jesse J , Lanzani Loredana , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G , Luca Elena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new technique is presented that can be used to solve mixed boundary value problems for Laplace’s equation and the complex Helmholtz equation in bounded convex planar domains. This work is an extension of Crowdy (2015, CMFT, 15, 655–687) where new transform-based techniques were developed for boundary value problems for Laplace’s equation in circular domains. The key ingredient of the method is the analysis of the so-called global relation, which provides a coupling of integral transforms of the given boundary data and of the unknown boundary values. Three problems which involve mixed boundary conditions are solved in detail, as well as numerically implemented, to illustrate how to apply the new approach.
Use of All of Us data to increase health literacy and research skills in high school students
Authors: Yamazaki Katrina Go , Taylor Amy , Asikin-Garmager Asih , Han Sharon , Bartlett Laura 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
This case study describes how an All of Us engagement project returned value to community by strengthening high school students’ capacity to serve as health advocates.

Materials and Methods
Project activities included health literacy education and research projects on the influence of environmental, societal, and lifestyle factors on community health disparities. The research project involved use of the Photovoice method and All of Us data. At project’s end, students presented their research to the community.

Results
The project’s success was measured by students’ participation in the research poster session and comparison of pre- and post-project scores from the Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Adolescent. Data analysis suggests the project succeeded in meeting its goal of increasing students’ health literacy.

Discussion and Conclusion
Through education and research activities, students learned about community health issues and the importance of participation in medical research programs, like All of Us, to address issues.
A novel approach to patient portal activation data to power equity improvements
Authors: Muniyappa Anoop , Weia Benjamin , Ling Nicole , O’Brien Julie , Tamerat Mariamawit , Soulsby William Daniel , Yim Joanne , Oates Aris 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
There are significant disparities in access and utilization of patient portals by age, language, race, and ethnicity.

Materials and Methods
We developed ambulatory and inpatient portal activation equity dashboards to understand disparities in initial portal activation, identify targets for improvement, and enable monitoring of interventions over time. We selected key metrics focused on episodes of care and filters to enable high-level overviews and granular data selection to meet the needs of health system leaders and individual clinical units.

Results
In addition to highlighting disparities by age, preferred language, race and ethnicity, and insurance payor, the dashboards enabled development and monitoring of interventions to improve portal activation and equity.

Discussion and Conclusions
Data visualization tools that provide easily accessible, timely, and customizable data can enable a variety of stakeholders to understand and address healthcare disparities, such as patient portal activation. Further institutional efforts are needed to address the persistent inequities highlighted by these dashboards.
Matrix first, minerals later: fine-tuned dietary phosphate increases bone formation in zebrafish
Authors: Cotti Silvia , Di Biagio Claudia , Huysseune Ann , Koppe Wolfgang , Forlino Antonella , Witten P Eckhard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bone matrix formation and mineralization are two closely related, yet separated processes. Matrix formation occurs first, mineralization is a second step strictly dependent on the dietary intake of calcium and phosphorus (P). However, mineralization is commonly used as diagnostic parameter for bone-related diseases. In this context, bone loss, often characterized as a condition with reduced bone mineral density, represents a major burden for human health, for which increased dietary mineral intake is generally recommended. Using a counterintuitive approach, we use a low-P diet followed by a sufficient-P intake to increase bone volume. We show in zebrafish by histology, qPCR, micro-CT, and enzyme histochemistry that a two-months period of reduced dietary P intake stimulates extensive formation of new bone matrix, associated with the upregulation of key genes required for both bone matrix formation and mineralization. The return to a P-sufficient diet initiates the mineralization of the abundant matrix previously deposited, thus resulting in a striking increase of the mineralized bone volume as proven at the level of the vertebral column, including vertebral bodies and arches. In summary, bone matrix formation is first stimulated with a low-P diet, and its mineralization is later triggered by a sufficient-P dietary intake. In zebrafish, the uncoupling of bone formation and mineralization by alternating low and sufficient dietary P intake significantly increases the bone volume without causing skeletal malformations or ectopic mineralization. A modification of this approach to stimulate bone formation, optimized for mammalian models, can possibly open opportunities to support treatments in patients that suffer from low bone mass.
Effects of high dose aspartame-based sweetener on the gut microbiota and bone strength in young and aged mice
Authors: Cyphert Erika L , Liu Chongshan , Morales Angie L , Nixon Jacob C , Blackford Emily , Garcia Matthew , Cevallos Nicolas , Turnbaugh Peter J , Brito Ilana L , Booth Sarah L , Hernandez Christopher J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In a recent study examining the effects of manipulating the gut microbiome on bone, a control group of mice in which the microbiome was altered using a non-caloric, aspartame-based sweetener resulted in whole bone strength being 40% greater than expected from geometry alone, implicating enhanced bone tissue strength. However, the study was not designed to detect changes in bone in this control group and was limited to young male mice. Here we report a replication study examining how changes in the gut microbiome caused by aspartame-based sweetener influence bone. Male and female C57Bl/6 J mice were untreated or treated with a high dose of sweetener (10 g/L) in their drinking water from either 1 to 4 mo of age (young cohort; n = 80) or 1 to 22 mo of age (aged cohort; n = 52). Sweetener did not replicate the modifications to the gut microbiome observed in the initial study and did not result in an increase in bone tissue strength in either sex at either age. Aged male mice dosed with sweetener had larger bones (+17% femur section modulus, p&lt;.001) and greater whole bone strength (+22%, p=.006) but the increased whole bone strength was explained by the associated increase in body mass (+9%, p&lt;.001). No differences in body mass, whole bone strength, or femoral geometry were associated with sweetener dosing in males from the young cohort or females at either age. As we were unable to replicate the gut microbiota observed in the initial experiment, it remains unclear if changes in the gut microbiome can enhance bone tissue strength. Although prior work studying gut microbiome–induced changes in bone with oral antibiotics has been highly repeatable, the current study highlights the variability of nutritional manipulations of the gut microbiota in mice.
Environmental Damage in Ukraine as Environmental War Crime under the Rome Statute
Authors: Maruf Shah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused irreparable damage to the natural environment. Despite being a topic of wide discussion, an analysis of whether the attacks causing such damage can be tried at the International Criminal Court (ICC) as an environmental war crime (EWC) under Article 8(2)(b)(iv) of the Rome Statute remained grossly inadequate. Even after the Kakhovka Dam destruction in June 2023, the most significant incident of environmental damage since the war started, no comprehensive analysis of the incident from an EWC perspective was made. The present article fills this void and thoroughly analyses whether the dam breach can qualify as an EWC under Article 8(2)(b)(iv), the most ecocentric provision in the entire international criminal law (ICL) framework. After providing an overview of the environmental damage caused and a synopsis of the EWC, this article applies the EWC provision to the incident and discusses the prospects and the challenges of characterizing it as an EWC. This article suggests that Russia’s intentional attack on the dam can be a potential case of EWC under Article 8(2)(b)(iv) as it caused ‘widespread, long-term and severe’ environmental damage in contrast to little military advantage — which was arguably known to Russia. At the same time, however, the article identifies some challenges that the ICC Prosecutor may face in proving the case, like determining the ‘attack’ question, satisfying the ‘long-term’ damage criterion, and establishing the mental elements, particularly the ‘knowledge’ element. It also briefly discusses the broader implications of the assessment and the identified challenges. The article concludes that the challenges can be surmounted and, in any case, bringing such a charge will offer the ICC an avenue to clarify the existing uncertainties surrounding Article 8(2)(b)(iv), which will ensure legal certainty and help ensuring environmental justice through the ICL regime in future.
Predicting prostate cancer grade reclassification on active surveillance using a deep learning–based grading algorithm
Authors: Ding Chien-Kuang C , Su Zhuo Tony , Erak Erik , Oliveira Lia De Paula , Salles Daniela C , Jing Yuezhou , Samanta Pranab , Bonthu Saikiran , Joshi Uttara , Kondragunta Chaith , Singhal Nitin , De Marzo Angelo M , Trock Bruce J , Pavlovich Christian P , de la Calle Claire M , Lotan Tamara L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Deep learning (DL)–based algorithms to determine prostate cancer (PCa) Grade Group (GG) on biopsy slides have not been validated by comparison to clinical outcomes. We used a DL-based algorithm, AIRAProstate, to regrade initial prostate biopsies in 2 independent PCa active surveillance (AS) cohorts. In a cohort initially diagnosed with GG1 PCa using only systematic biopsies (n = 138), upgrading of the initial biopsy to ≥GG2 by AIRAProstate was associated with rapid or extreme grade reclassification on AS (odds ratio = 3.3, P = .04), whereas upgrading of the initial biopsy by contemporary uropathologist reviews was not associated with this outcome. In a contemporary validation cohort that underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging before initial biopsy (n = 169), upgrading of the initial biopsy (all contemporary GG1 by uropathologist grading) by AIRAProstate was associated with grade reclassification on AS (hazard ratio = 1.7, P = .03). These results demonstrate the utility of a DL-based grading algorithm in PCa risk stratification for AS.
The survival benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection in epithelial ovarian cancer is histotype specific
Authors: Porter Joanna M , McFarlane Iona , Bartos Clare , Churchman Michael , May James , Herrington C Simon , Connolly Kathryn C , Ryan Neil A J , Hollis Robert L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Complete macroscopic resection is a key factor associated with prolonged survival in ovarian cancer. However, most evidence derives from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and the benefit of complete macroscopic resection in other histotypes is poorly characterized. We sought to determine which histotypes derive the greatest benefit from complete macroscopic resection to better inform future decisions on radical cytoreductive efforts.

Methods
We performed multivariable analysis of disease-specific survival across 2 independent patient cohorts to determine the magnitude of benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection within each histotype.

Results
Across both cohorts (Scottish: n = 1622; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER]: n = 18 947), complete macroscopic resection was associated with prolonged disease-specific survival; this was more marked in the Scottish cohort (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.37 to 0.52 vs HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.62 in SEER). In both cohorts, clear cell ovarian carcinoma was among the histotypes to benefit most from complete macroscopic resection (multivariable HR = 0.23 and HR = 0.50 in Scottish and SEER cohorts, respectively); high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients demonstrated highly statistically significant and clinically meaningful survival benefit, but this was of lower magnitude than in clear cell ovarian carcinoma and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma across both cohorts. The benefit derived in low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is also high (multivariable HR = 0.27 in Scottish cohort). Complete macroscopic resection was associated with prolonged survival in mucinous ovarian carcinoma patients in the SEER cohort (multivariable HR = 0.65), but the association failed to reach statistical significance in the Scottish cohort.

Conclusions
The overall ovarian cancer patient population demonstrates clinically significant survival benefit associated with complete macroscopic resection; however, the magnitude of benefit differs between histotypes.
The profession that came in from the cold: Trust and distrust in espionage
Authors: Božič Branko , Keston-Siebert Sabina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Trust and distrust are important elements of the fiduciary relationship in the professions. Whether to trust or to distrust someone is a decision that has real consequences for success or failure of secret operations in undercover policing, in fraud investigation, or in audit. In this article, we focus on the spying profession as an extreme context in which we attempt to answer the question: how do spies navigate the trust/distrust dynamic in their work? The world of spies has often been out of bounds for those studying the professions and given that field studies in this context are extremely difficult, we analyzed biographies and autobiographies of secret agents. Based on our analysis, we identified different functions of trust and distrust: trust can be used as an instrument of manipulation and an option of last resort, while distrust is a protective mechanism aimed at shielding from vulnerability. We argue that a better understanding of trust and distrust dynamic may illuminate some of the behaviours of people in other professions.
Preparation, characteristic, biological activities, and application of polysaccharide from Lilii Bulbus: a review
Authors: Duan Xueqin , Li Huicong , Sheng Zhenwei , Zhang Weimin , Liu Yingqiu , Ma Wuren , Lu Dezhang , Ma Lin , Fan Yunpeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This review highlights the current knowledge of polysaccharide from Lilii Bulbus, including the extraction, purification, structure, structure modification, biological activities and application, which will hopefully provide reference for further research and development of polysaccharide from Lilii Bulbus.

Materials and Methods
Literature searches were conducted on the following databases: Pubmed, ACS website, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI database. Keywords such as “Lilii Bulbus”, “polysaccharide”, “preparation”, “biological activities” and “application” were used to search relevant journals and contents, and some irrelevant contents were excluded.

Results
In general, the study of Lilium Bulbus polysaccharide extraction and purification, structure characterization and biological activity has made substantial progress, these findings highlight the lilium brownii polysaccharide enormous potential in biomedical applications, of lilium brownii polysaccharide laid a solid foundation for further research.

Discussion and Conclusions
However, it should be noted that the relevant mechanism of the effective effect of lily bulb polysaccharide still needs to be worked on by researchers. These findings highlight the great potential of lily polysaccharides in biomedical applications, and lay a solid foundation for further research on lily polysaccharides.
(041) SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: A COMMON PROBLEM IN INDIVIDUALS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors: Sindhu T , Patel R , Bachmann M D G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
An estimated 2.8 million people worldwide are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Moreover, cis-gender females are almost twice as likely to have the diagnosis than cis-gender males. Among the many physical symptoms secondary to MS, the ones related to the sex organs include numbness, vaginal dryness, erectile dysfunction and loss of libido, low desire, issues with lubrication, lack of sensation, difficulties with arousal, difficulties reaching orgasm and sexual pain. These symptoms are typically underreported, under diagnosed, and patients may find it difficult to address with a clinician. In addition, generalized fatigue, spasticity, muscle weakness, psychological changes, bowel and bladder dysfunction that also occur with MS can place strain on sexual relations with a partner and overall quality of life. Data suggest that 59.8% of cis gender females with MS report sexual dysfunction but only about 22.4% brought it up with a physician. Moreover, this study also found that 80% of these individuals wanted treatment for their sexual symptoms, highlighting the importance of exploring interventions for sexual dysfunction in MS patients.

Objective
This review investigated the options available for sexual dysfunction in cis gender females with MS.

Methods
Online databases such as Rutgers Library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar with key phrases such as “MS and endocrine symptoms” and “MS and sexual changes”, were used.

Results
Data suggest that several non-pharmacological interventions may be effective in decreasing the severity of symptoms related to sexual dysfunction in individuals with MS. One study investigated the effectiveness of sex therapy and found that sex therapy improved quality of life for those reporting sexual dysfunction. Another study examined the effects of physical therapy on sexual symptoms and found that practices such as pelvic floor exercises also contributed to a decrease in symptom severity. Other data, reported that mindfulness psych-education group intervention also was instrumental in improving female sexual function. Further, the use of clitoral stimulation devices also were found to be highly recommended to improve sexual effects. Finally, several pharmacologic agents have been explored such as flibanserin and sildenafil, but their effectiveness was limited in regard to sexual function.

Conclusions
Sexual dysfunction is a major concern for individuals with MS. In this population, there is often a sense of embarrassment or feeling ashamed. Therefore, clinicians should create an open environment for patients to bring up this topic of sexuality in order to develop a comprehensive treatment plan. Additionally, more research is needed on effective treatment options, both short and long term for MS patients dealing with sexual dysfunction.

Disclosure
No.
(078) ASSESSMENT OF RESIDENT EDUCATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COMMON CONDITIONS OF FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Kohut-Jackson A , Dawson M , Negris O , Conrado J , Henry V , Horwitz R , Ponce S , Rubin R , Uloko M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) affects 30-50% of women. Despite the fact that doctors from all specialties are likely to encounter patients with sexual health difficulties, just half of U.S. medical schools currently offer formal teaching in sexuality. Due to insufficient training in the female pelvic physical exam and minimal training on sexual health, FSD has been substantially underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Objective
The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and confidence of residents on how to conduct a comprehensive vulvar examination, as well as to assess the comfortability with diagnosing and managing conditions of FSD.

Methods
This cross-sectional analytical survey study used Qualtrics to administer the survey. The target audience included urology residents, obstetrics and gynecology residents, dermatology residents, internal medicine residents, family medicine residents, and emergency medicine residents. The survey link and a brief description of the project were emailed to all residency program directors in these specialties who had valid email addresses provided in the FREIDA American Medical Association Residency Database. Program directors were requested to share the link to the anonymous online survey with their current resident cohorts.

Results
In total, n=141 residents completed the survey (n=19 OBGYN, n=18 urology, n=5 dermatology, n=37 family medicine, n=27 internal medicine, n=35 emergency medicine). Less than half of all respondents indicated they had received prior formal training in physical examination of the clitoris (23%), vulvar vestibule (45%), and pelvic floor (36%). Regarding FSD, the following percentage of respondents indicated they had received prior training in these conditions: 78% genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, 36% hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 24% female orgasmic disorder, 33% female sexual arousal disorder. The majority of respondents reported feeling uncomfortable with the diagnosis and management of these conditions.

Conclusions
Residents are uncomfortable with diagnosing and managing common female sexual dysfunctions, owing to a lack of training in both vulvar examination and these conditions of FSD. This educational shortcoming persists across several specialties. Awareness of this knowledge and comfortability gap is critical for implementing the appropriate changes to resident education. Improving residents’ ability to diagnose and treat FSD is important for preparing the next generation of physicians to appropriately attend to the needs of female patients.

Disclosure
No.