bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vivo and in vitro: Expression of focal adhesion components in neonatal and adult rat ventricular myofibroblasts
Authors: Santiago Jon‐Jon , Dangerfield Aran L. , Rattan Sunil G. , Bathe Krista L. , Cunnington Ryan H. , Raizman Joshua E. , Bedosky Kristen M. , Freed Darren H. , Kardami Elissavet , Dixon Ian M.C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn fibrosing hearts, myofibroblasts are associated with cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling. Expression of key genes in the transition of cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast phenotype in post‐myocardial infarction heart and in vitro has not been well addressed. Contractile, focal adhesion‐associated, receptor proteins, fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) expression, and motility were compared to assess phenotype in adult and neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Neonatal and adult fibroblasts undergo phenotypic transition to myofibroblastic cells, marked by increased α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb), extra domain‐A (ED‐A) fibronectin, paxillin, tensin, FGF‐2, and TβRII receptor. Elevated ED‐A fibronectin confirmed fibroblast to supermature myofibroblastic phenotype transition. Presence of myofibroblasts in vivo was noted in sections of healed infarct scar after myocardial infarction, and their expression is similar to that in culture. Thus, cultured neonatal and adult cardiac fibroblasts transition to myofibroblasts in vitro and share expression profiles of cardiac myofibroblasts in vivo. Reduced motility with in vitro passage reflects enhanced production of focal adhesions. Developmental Dynamics 239:1573–1584, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression ofstrawberry notchfamily genes during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Takano Ai , Zochi Riyo , Hibi Masahiko , Terashima Toshio , Katsuyama Yu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOur previous study suggested a possible role forSbno1, a mouse homologue ofstrawberry notchgene during brain development. In this report, we cloned the zebrafish homologues ofsbno, and examined their expression pattern during embryogenesis by whole‐mount in situ hybridization. Zebrafish have threesbnogenes: oneSbno1homologue and twoSbno2homologues,sbno2aandsbno2b. We observed that the expression ofsbno1andsbno2awas initially ubiquitous and gradually became predominant in the central nervous system as development progressed. The expression ofsbno2bwas observed in non‐neural tissues in contrast to the other two genes.sbno1andsbno2aexhibited higher expression in distinct regions within the nervous system of pharyngula‐stage embryos, suggesting possible differing roles forsbno1andsbno2aduring later stages of embryogenesis. Together, the observed gene expression patterns suggest an important role ofsbno‐family genes during development of the vertebrate central nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 239:1789–1796, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐core subunit eIF3h of translation initiation factor eIF3 regulates zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Choudhuri Avik , Evans Todd , Maitra Umadas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3, which plays a central role in translation initiation, consists of five core subunits that are present in both the budding yeast and higher eukaryotes. However, higher eukaryotic eIF3 contains additional (non‐core) subunits that are absent in the budding yeast. We investigated the role of one such non‐core eIF3 subunit eIF3h, encoded by two distinct genes—eif3ha and eif3hb, as a regulator of embryonic development in zebrafish. Both eif3h genes are expressed during early embryogenesis, and display overlapping yet distinct and highly dynamic spatial expression patterns. Loss of function analysis using specific morpholino oligomers indicates that each isoform has specific as well as redundant functions during early development. The morphant phenotypes correlate with their spatial expression patterns, indicating that eif3h regulates development of the brain, heart, vasculature, and lateral line. These results indicate that the non‐core subunits of eIF3 regulate specific developmental programs during vertebrate embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1632–1644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress‐activated dendritic cells interact with CD4+ T cells to elicit homeostatic memory
Authors: Wang Yufei , Seidl Thomas , Whittall Trevor , Babaahmady Kaboutar , Lehner Thomas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEvidence is presented that thermal or oxidizing stress‐activated DC interact with CD4+ T cells to induce and maintain a TCR‐independent homeostatic memory circuit. Stress‐activated DC expressed endogenous intra‐cellular and cell surface HSP70. The NF‐κB signalling pathway was activated and led to the expression of membrane‐associated IL‐15 molecules. These interacted with the IL‐15 receptor complex on CD4+ T cells, thus activating the Jak3 and STAT5 phosphorylation signalling pathway to induce CD40 ligand expression, T‐cell proliferation and IFN‐γ production. CD40 ligand on CD4+ T cells in turn re‐activated CD40 molecules on DC, inducing DC maturation and IL‐15 expression thereby maintaining the feedback circuit. The proliferating CD4+ T cells were characterized as CD45RA− CD62L+ central memory cells, which underwent homeostatic proliferation. The circuit is independent of antigen and MHC‐class‐II‐TCR interaction as demonstrated by resistance to TCR inhibition by ZAP70 inhibitor or MHC‐class II antibodies. These findings suggest that stress can activate a DC‐CD4+ T‐cell interacting circuit, which may be responsible for maintaining a homeostatic antigen‐independent memory.
Flower‐Like Nickel Nanocrystals: Facile Synthesis, Shape Evolution, and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Li Pengwei , Wang Ning , Wang Rongming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, flower‐, star‐, and chain‐like hierarchically nanostructured nickel crystals as well as [Ni(N2H4)2]Cl2 nanorods were first synthesized by a simple reduction method. This method is template‐free, environmentally benign, and can be carried out at low temperature (60 °C) with high efficiency on a large scale. Investigation of the growth kinetics has proved that the crystal sizes are sensitive to the reaction temperature and reaction time. Various nickel nanostructures can be achieved by the oriented growth of preferred nickel crystal planes. The magnetic properties of the flower‐like nickel nanocrystals were also characterized with the results of much enhanced coercivity (Hc) and decreased saturation magnetization (Ms).
Formation of Pentaorganostannates from Bis(2‐bromo‐2′‐biphenyl)stannanes and tert‐Butyllithium upon Substitution of Alkyl and Aryl Groups on Tin Atoms
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Imaizumi Sanae , Tajima Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reaction of bis(2‐bromo‐2′‐biphenyl)stannanes 1 with tert‐butyllithium in the presence of diaryl‐ and dialkyldichlorostannanes leads to the extrusion of aryl and alkyl groups on the tin atom, affording 9‐stannafluorene derivatives bearing biphenyl groups. The intermediates of the reactions were assigned to the corresponding pentaorganostannates, which were characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, the dissociation of the aryl and alkyl groups from the tin atoms in intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions was preferable to that of chloride ions in intermolecular nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Disruption of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 causes incomplete cytokinesis and slows the growth of human malignant gliomas
Authors: Bomben Valerie C. , Sontheimer Harald 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite decades of research, primary brain tumors, gliomas, lack effective treatment options and present a huge clinical challenge. Particularly, the most malignant subtype, Glioblastoma multiforme, proliferates extensively and cells often undergo incomplete cell divisions, resulting in multinucleated cells. We now present evidence that multinucleated glioma cells result from the functional loss of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channels, plasma membrane proteins involved in agonist‐induced calcium entry and reloading of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Pharmacological inhibition or shRNA mediated suppression of TRPC1 causes loss of functional channels and store‐operated calcium entry in D54MG glioma cells. This is associated with reduced cell proliferation and, frequently, with incomplete cell division. The resulting multinucleated cells are reminiscent of those found in patient biopsies. In a flank tumor model, tumor size was significantly decreased when TRPC1 expression was disrupted using a doxycycline inducible shRNA knockdown approach. These results suggest that TRPC1 channels play an important role in glioma cell division most likely by regulating calcium signaling during cytokinesis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorylation status of pyruvate dehydrogenase distinguishes metabolic phenotypes of cultured rat brain astrocytes and neurons
Authors: Halim Nader D. , Mcfate Thomas , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Okagaki Peter , Korotchkina Lioubov G. , Patel Mulchand S. , Jeoung Nam Ho , Harris Robert A. , Schell Michael J. , Verma Ajay 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGlucose metabolism in nervous tissue has been proposed to occur in a compartmentalized manner with astrocytes contributing largely to glycolysis and neurons being the primary site of glucose oxidation. However, mammalian astrocytes and neurons both contain mitochondria, and it remains unclear why in culture neurons oxidize glucose, lactate, and pyruvate to a much larger extent than astrocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether pyruvate metabolism is differentially regulated in cultured neurons versus astrocytes. Expression of all components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), the rate‐limiting step for pyruvate entry into the Krebs cycle, was determined in cultured astrocytes and neurons. In addition, regulation of PDC enzymatic activity in the two cell types via protein phosphorylation was examined. We show that all components of the PDC are expressed in both cell types in culture, but that PDC activity is kept strongly inhibited in astrocytes through phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha subunit (PDHα). In contrast, neuronal PDC operates close to maximal levels with much lower levels of phosphorlyated PDHα. Dephosphorylation of astrocytic PDHα restores PDC activity and lowers lactate production. Our findings suggest that the glucose metabolism of astrocytes and neurons may be far more flexible than previously believed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracheostomaplasty: A surgical method for improving retention of an intraluminal stoma button for hands‐free tracheoesophageal speech
Authors: Moreno Mauricio A. , Lewin Jan S. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Bishop Leone Julie K. , Barringer Denise A. , Reece Gregory P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground.We describe a minimally invasive surgical technique, tracheostomaplasty, to overcome anatomical deformities of the stoma that preclude successful retention of a stoma button for hands free tracheoesophageal (TE) speech.Methods.We conducted a retrospective analysis of 21 patients who underwent tracheostomaplasty after laryngectomy to accommodate an intraluminal valve attachment for hands‐free TE speech.Results.Sixteen men and 5 women (median age, 65 years; median follow‐up, 27.7 months) underwent tracheostomaplasty; 6 patients developed a mild cellulitis that required therapy and 5 patients required a minor revision surgery. At last follow‐up, 15 (71%) patients successfully achieved hands‐free TE speech using an intraluminal stoma button. Three patients only retained the intraluminal device to facilitate digital occlusion. Tracheostomaplasty failed in 3 patients because of granulation tissue formation or stomal stenosis.Conclusions.Tracheostomaplasty is a successful technique to improve intraluminal retention of a stoma button for hands‐free TE speech in laryngectomy patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Expression of Cyr61 (CCN1) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: An independent marker for poor prognosis
Authors: Kok Sang‐Heng , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Tsai Ju‐Yi , Hung Hsin‐Chia , Lin Chiao‐Ying , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Liu Cheing‐Meei , Kuo Mark Yen‐Ping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground.Cysteine‐rich 61 (Cyr61 [CCN1]) has disparate functions in tumorigenesis that are dependent on the cell types. The aim of the study was to investigate its role in the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods.The study used immunohistochemistry to examine Cyr61 expression in 93 oral SCC specimens and assessed the effect of Cyr61 overexpression on proliferation and migration of oral SCC cells in vitro and xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.Results.High expression of Cyr61 significantly correlated with large tumor size (p = .009) and advanced tumor stage (p = .036). Multivariate analysis revealed that high Cyr61 (relative risk [RR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.209–4.95, p = .010) significantly correlated with mortality. Forced expression of Cyr61 stimulated the motility and growth of Ca9‐22 cells in vitro and enhanced xenograft growth in SCID mice.Conclusions.Cyr61 is a positive growth modulator of oral SCC and Cyr61 overexpression is an independent prognostic indicator for patients with oral SCC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Analysis of snow cover variability and change in Québec, 1948–2005
Authors: Brown Ross D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe spatial and temporal characteristics of annual maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax) and fall and spring snow cover duration (SCD) were analysed over Québec and adjacent area for snow seasons 1948/1949–2004/2005 using reconstructed daily snow depth and SWE. Snow cover variability in Québec was found to be significantly correlated with most of the major atmospheric circulation patterns affecting the climate of eastern North America but the influence was characterized by strong multidecadal‐scale variability. The strongest and most consistent relationship was observed between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and fall SCD variability over western Québec. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was found to have a limited impact on Québec snow cover. Evidence was found for a shift in circulation over the study region around 1980 associated with an abrupt increase in sea level pressure (SLP) and decreases in winter precipitation, snow depth and SWE over much of southern Québec, as well as changes in the atmospheric patterns with significant links to snow cover variability. Trend analysis of the reconstructed snow cover over 1948–2005 provided evidence of a clear north–south gradient in SWEmax and spring SCD with significant local decreases over southern Québec and significant local increases over north‐central Québec. The increase in SWEmax over northern Québec is consistent with proxy data (lake levels, tree growth forms, permafrost temperatures), with hemispheric‐wide trends of increasing precipitation over higher latitudes, and with projections of global climate models (GCMs). Copyright © 2010 Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd
Did annual run‐off and low flow decrease with reduced forestry practices in Japan?
Authors: Komatsu Hikaru , Kume Tomonori , Shinohara Yoshinori , Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Otsuki Kyoichi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractJapan developed large areas of coniferous plantations for timber production between the 1950s and 1970s; however, forestry practices such as thinning, pruning, and harvesting in most of the plantations have declined since the 1980s. Researchers speculated that reduced forestry practices could reduce run‐off and therefore available water resources. As a countermeasure to this potential risk, many local governments have introduced local taxes to stimulate forestry practices in the plantations. However, no studies have presented evidence for decreased annual run‐off and/or low flow in watersheds where forestry practices have declined. As a starting point for assessing this risk, this study examined potential changes in the annual run‐off and low flow in the Terauchi watershed. A large area of this watershed was covered with coniferous plantations. We first surveyed the annual investment in forestry operations and the number of forest owners in the city of Amagi. (Note that Amagi includes the Terauchi watershed.) Both decreased during the period 1979–2007, indicating reduced forestry practices. The frequency distribution of plantation tree ages in the watershed also suggested reduced forestry practices. After excluding the effect of precipitation, we examined potential changes in the annual run‐off and low flow during the period 1979–2007. We did not observe significant decreases in the annual run‐off and low flow during the period. Thus, the risk of decreased water resources might be less than expected, and countermeasures to the risk should be reconsidered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of mercury concentration and deposition in snow in eastern temperate North America
Authors: Nelson S. J. , Fernandez I. J. , Kahl J. S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMost published research evaluating total (wet + dry) mercury (Hg) deposition in eastern North America has been conducted during the growing season. However, recent research indicates that winter throughfall Hg deposition can be significant. We reviewed and synthesized published and unpublished snow Hg concentration and deposition data collected at forested and open sites from 1989 to 2005 (14 studies) using various field methods. Mean snow Hg concentrations across years and locations ranged from 0·66 to 22·7 ng l−1 [standard deviation (SD): 15–99%]. Snow Hg deposition and concentration were consistently highest in conifer throughfall and lowest at open sites (no vegetation cover). These results suggest that the range of snow Hg deposition can be bracketed by sampling at two extremes: under conifer canopies and in open sites. Ratios of Hg in snowpack under tree canopies versus open sites were 3·4:1 (conifers) and 2·1:1 (all forest types). Ratios of event throughfall to wet‐only collections were 5·0:1 (conifers) and 3·8:1 (all forest types), exceeding the previously reported overall average of throughfall to wet‐only for the growing season. Future research should standardize snow Hg sampling methods to address volatilization and dry deposition. Mechanisms contributing to variability in snow Hg deposition could be assessed by measuring particulate Hg and examining interannual and spatial patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the hydrologic effects of dynamic land‐use change using a distributed hydrologic model and a spatial land‐use allocation model
Authors: Chu Hone‐Jay , Lin Yu‐Pin , Huang Chun‐Wei , Hsu Cheng‐Yu , Chen Horng‐Yng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study develops a novel approach for modelling and examining the impacts of time–space land‐use changes on hydrological components. The approach uses an empirical land‐use change allocation model (CLUE‐s) and a distributed hydrological model (DHSVM) to examine various land‐use change scenarios in the Wu‐Tu watershed in northern Taiwan. The study also uses a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation approach to quantify the parameter uncertainty of the distributed hydrological model. The results indicate that various land‐use policies—such as no change, dynamic change and simultaneous change—have different levels of impact on simulating the spatial distributions of hydrological components in the watershed study. Peak flow rates under simultaneous and dynamic land‐use changes are 5·71% and 2·77%, respectively, greater than the rate under the no land‐use change scenario. Using dynamic land‐use changes to assess the effect of land‐use changes on hydrological components is more practical and feasible than using simultaneous land‐use change and no land‐use change scenarios. Furthermore, land‐use change is a spatial dynamic process that can lead to significant changes in the distributions of ground water and soil moisture. The spatial distributions of land‐use changes influence hydrological processes, such as the ground water level of whole areas, particularly in the downstream watershed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale climatic influences on precipitation and discharge for a British river basin
Authors: Lavers David , Prudhomme Christel , Hannah David M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article aims to identify the large‐scale climate variables that yield significant statistical relationships with precipitation and discharge for a British river basin (Dyfi). Ranked correlation analysis was performed between gridded ERA‐40 atmospheric data and Dyfi precipitation and discharge for individual months. Precipitation and discharge demonstrate significant negative correlation with mean sea level pressure (MSLP). Strongest MSLP correlation areas move from north of Britain in winter to central Britain in summer; this shift is associated with a displacement of geopotential (Z) and zonal wind (U). Movement of significant correlation regions (not captured by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index) highlights the dynamic nature of precipitation and river flow generating weather systems throughout the year. Existence of strong significant correlation shows potential for exploiting large‐scale climate variables in forecasting precipitation and river flow in Britain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DDR1 regulates the stabilization of cell surface E‐cadherin and E‐cadherin‐mediated cell aggregation
Authors: Eswaramoorthy Rajalakshmanan , Wang Chih‐Kuang , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Tang Ming‐Jer , Ho Mei‐Ling , Hwang Chi‐Ching , Wang Hui‐Min , Wang Chau‐Zen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe stabilization of cell surface E‐cadherin is important for the maintenance of apical junction complexes and epithelial polarity. Previously, we reported that discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) forms a complex with E‐cadherin at adhesive contacts; however, the regulatory role of DDR1 in the stabilization of cell surface E‐cadherin and E‐cadherin‐mediated cell behaviors remained undefined. To gain insight into these questions, we utilized two stable clones depleted for DDR1 via the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique, and we over‐expressed DDR1 in MDCK cells. We performed Western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis, flow cytometry, and cell aggregation studies to investigate the effect of DDR1 on cell surface E‐cadherin. The results showed that both DDR1/2 and E‐cadherin use their extracellular domains to form DDR/E‐cadherin complexes. Neither the depletion nor the over‐expression of DDR1 changed the expression level of E‐cadherin in MDCK cells. Collagen disrupted the formation of E‐cadherin complexes and caused E‐cadherin to accumulate in the cytoplasm; however, over‐expression of DDR1 stabilized E‐cadherin on the cell surface and decreased its cytoplasmic accumulation. Furthermore, independently of collagen stimulation, the depletion of DDR1 resulted in a decrease in the level of cell surface E‐cadherin, which consequently caused its cytoplasmic accumulation and decreased E‐cadherin‐mediated cell aggregation. These results indicate that DDR1 can increase the stability of cell surface E‐cadherin and promote MDCK cell aggregation, which may be mediated through the formation of DDR1/E‐cadherin complexes. Overall, these findings have implications for the physiological roles of DDR1 in association with the maintenance of both the adhesion junction and epithelial polarity. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 387–397, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.