bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching Jewish ultra-orthodox adolescents: results from a targeted smoking prevention trial
Authors: Knishkowy Barry , Verbov Gina , Amitai Yona , Stein-Zamir Chen , Rosen Laura 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background: Ultra-orthodox, Jewish adolescent boys are considered to have relatively high smoking rates, but are generally not targeted by Israel’s smoking prevention programs.
Objective: The objective of this trial was to test the effectiveness of a religion-based tobacco control intervention in reducing smoking prevalence among these youth.
Methods: The study population participants were 340 boys from 63 religious boys’ schools in Jerusalem. The intervention consisted of a mailing that included a pamphlet describing the health effects of and rabbinical prohibitions on smoking. A cluster randomized trial was conducted between March and May, 2005. The primary endpoint was current smoking status. Secondary endpoints were future intent to smoke and attitudes towards smoking. Generalized estimating equations and mixed models of analysis of variance were used to perform the analyses.
Results: The intervention did not significantly affect current smoking, intent to smoke or attitudes towards smoking. Prevalence of smoking and future intent to smoke were higher in schools without enforced smoking regulations [odds ratio (OR) 2.74, p=0.026, OR 3.38, p=0.018]. Increased smoking prevalence was associated with a high prevalence of smoking among friends (p=0.031) and not finding smoking repulsive (p=0.024).
Conclusions: This study adds to the public health literature linking smoke-free schools and peer influences to adolescent smoking. Pamphlets containing rabbinic prohibitions on smoking initiation did not affect smoking behavior or intent to smoke.
Erlebnis intuitive Interaktion — ein phänomenlogischer Ansatz
Authors: Ullrich Daniel , Diefenbach Sarah 
Published: December 2011

Zusammenfassung
Ein „intuitives Bedienkonzept” gilt als ein unabdingbares Qualitätsmerkmal interaktiver Produkte. Doch was genau Anwender sich hiervon versprechen, und welche Merkmale „intuitive” Nutzungserlebnisse aufweisen, ist weniger eindeutig. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einen Ansatz vor, der sich dem Erlebnis intuitive Interaktion aus phänomenologischer Sichtweise nähert. Neben Schilderungen aus Nutzersicht wurden Erkenntnisse der Intuitionsforschung aus der Entscheidungspsychologie berücksichtigt. Die hierbei identifizierten vier Komponenten intuitiver Interaktion (Mühelosigkeit, Gefühlsgeleitet, Verbalisierungsfähigkeit, Magisches Erleben) bildeten die Grundlage für die Entwicklung des INTUI-Fragebogens, mit dessen Hilfe sich verschiedene Pattern des Erlebens intuitiver Interaktion abbilden lassen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über bisherige Studienergebnisse zu Einflussfaktoren auf INTUI-Pattern und die Entstehung von Intuitivitätsurteilen sowie einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsfragen.
Serum inhibin pro-αC is a tumor marker for adrenocortical carcinomas
Authors: Hofland Johannes , Feelders Richard A , van der Wal Ronald , Kerstens Michiel N , Haak Harm R , de Herder Wouter W , de Jong Frank H 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveThe insufficient diagnostic accuracy for differentiation between benign and malignant adrenocortical disease and lack of sensitive markers reflecting tumor load emphasize the need for novel biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC).DesignSince the inhibin α-subunit is expressed within the adrenal cortex, the role of serum inhibin pro-αC as a tumor marker for ACC was studied in patients.MethodsRegulation of adrenal pro-αC secretion was investigated by adrenocortical function tests. Serum inhibin pro-αC levels were measured in controls (n=181) and patients with adrenocortical hyperplasia (n=45), adrenocortical adenoma (ADA,n=32), ACC (n=32), or non-cortical tumors (n=12). Steroid hormone, ACTH, and inhibin A and B levels were also estimated in patient subsets.ResultsSerum inhibin pro-αC levels increased by 16% after stimulation with ACTH (P=0.043). ACC patients had higher serum inhibin pro-αC levels than controls (medians 733 vs 307 ng/l,P<0.0001) and patients with adrenocortical hyperplasia, ADA, or non-adrenocortical adrenal tumors (148, 208, and 131 ng/l, respectively,P=0.0003). Inhibin pro-αC measurement in ACC patients had a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 84% for differentiation from ADA patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis displayed areas under the curve of 0.87 for ACC vs controls and 0.81 for ACC vs ADA (P<0.0001). Surgery or mitotane therapy was followed by a decrease of inhibin pro-αC levels in 10/10 ACC patients tested during follow-up (P=0.0065).ConclusionsInhibin pro-αC is produced by the adrenal gland. Differentiation between ADA and ACC by serum inhibin pro-αC is limited, but its levels may constitute a novel tumor marker for ACC.
Comparison of the response to experimentally induced short-term inflammation in the temporomandibular and metacarpophalangeal joints of horses
Authors: Carmalt James L. , Bell Chris D. , Tatarniuk Dane M. , Suri Sarabjeet S. , Singh Baljit , Waldner Cheryl 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the relationship between inflammatory responses of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in clinically normal horses.
Animals—7 mature horses.
Procedures—In each horse, 1 TMJ and 1 MCP joint were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.0025 μg). The contralateral TMJ and MCP joint were injected with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Synovial fluid samples were collected from all 4 joints over 24 hours after injection. Concentrations of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and total protein were measured via immunoassay. Horses were assessed for clinical signs of joint inflammation at each time point.
Results—Concentrations of interleukin-6 were not significantly different between LPS-injected MCP joints and TMJs at any time point. Transforming growth factor-β concentrations were significantly increased in MCP joints, compared with concentrations in TMJs, at 12 and 24 hours after injection. Tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were significantly higher in LPS-injected TMJs than in LPS-injected MCP joints at 1 and 6 hours after injection. Total protein concentration did not differ significantly between LPS-injected MCP joints and TMJs. Injection of LPS induced clinical inflammation at all time points; additionally, 2 MCP joints (but no TMJs) had an inflammatory response to injection of saline solution.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The inflammatory response to LPS appeared to be attenuated more quickly in TMJs than in MCP joints of horses. The difference in response suggested that a lack of clinical osteoarthritis in the TMJ of horses could be attributable to a difference in cytokine response.
Migration et lieu de naissance : l'exemple de Djakarta.
Authors: Ledent Jacques , Termote Marc 
Published: November 2011

Migration and birth place: the example of Jakarta

This paper examines population dynamics in Jakarta based on the demographic conditions that prevailed in the late seventies.
This is carried out by means of an extension of the classical multiregional approach that accounts for the influence of the place of birth of individuals on their migration behavior. Such an extension brings new insights into migration patterns to and from Jakarta and yields more precise as well as more detailed estimates of the indicators that reflect population dynamics in that city.
Les infections par le VIH dans l'espace africain. Une mise en question géographique.
Authors: Rémy G. 
Published: November 2011

An analysis and a «study» of the datas known on the situation and the evolution of infections by HIV state that three epidemio- logical phenomena are simultaneously understood. Endemic forms of the HIV1 and of the HIV2 have been noticed since the beginning of the 80' s on the Western side of Africa : prevalences discovered are rare, sometimes a bit more numerous ; they seem to be stable ; they are undifferentiated in the regional space. Geographical and epidemiological proximities observed between one and the other endemy, several indications gathered from the recent past, collected knowledge on the natural history of both HIV and its relations with that of the SIV (the monkey's virus) put forward the hypothesis that the Atlantic side of the continent could be a more or less ancient area of both infections. The noticeable stability of both preceding epidemiological phenomena contrasts with the powerful dynamism of an epidemy of the infection by the HIV1 appeared at the latest at the end of the 70' s. Based first in the Center East-Africa, it has quickly spread around its initial areas, moreover (it has spread) over Central Africa and over Southern Ivory Coast. The epidemy is selective in the space. It develops in small cities, as well as in big cities, and also in rural sites, characterized by a great economic and human liveliness.
The origin of this epidemy, its relations with the endemic form of the HIV1 observed, moreover are not clearly established. It could be distinguished by the nature of the concerned virus.
La population rurale espagnole
Authors: Higueras Arnal Antonio 
Published: November 2011

Rural Population in Spain.

The Spanish rural population has fallen considerably in the last thirty years. In 1900, the rural population (living in villages of 3.000 inhabitants, or less) was 6.87 million (37 per cent of the total population). In 1993 the same population had dropped to 7 per cent (2.81 million) and at the beginning of the next century it will be 2.1 million. The rural depopulation has been due to the large scale emigration to the cities between 1950 and 1975. This has produced a demographic vacuum in most of inner Spain, where the provincial capitals stand out like demographic oasis.
In spite of this, since 1985 there has been a revitalization of the rural areas near the cities or away from them but with good access. The phenomenon of «periurbanization» and «rurbanization» is developing very fast and it is reversing the process of the demographic vacuum.
La répartition des personnes d'origine étrangère en France
Authors: Desplanques Guy 
Published: November 2011

La présence des immigrés en France est la conséquence de plusieurs vagues migratoires. Pour l'essentiel, elle est due à l'appel de main-d'oeuvre au cours des «Trente Glorieuses» : il fallait alors recruter des ouvriers. Dans l'ensemble, les immigrés, selon la définition du Haut Conseil à l'Intégration, ou les étrangers, au sens juridique sont nombreux dans les régions industrielles et dans les régions urbaines : Ile-de-France, Nord et Est, Sud-Est. D'une nationalité d'origine à l'autre, l'histoire de la migration a cependant créé des spécificités. Les originaires d'Italie restent nombreux en Lorraine et le long de la frontière sud-est. Les Espagnols se sont souvent installés aux abords des Pyrénées. Les Algériens ont gagné l'Ile-de-France, mais aussi la région lyonnaise et le Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Les courants les plus tardifs se sont davantage concentrés dans la région parisienne : Portugais en grande banlieue, Tunisiens, Africains francophones, originaires d'Asie du Sud-Est à Paris ou en proche banlieue. Seuls les Marocains se sont disséminés : banlieue parisienne, mais aussi Sud- Est de la France.
A l'échelle départementale, la concentration mesurée par l'indice de Lorenz, a peu varié depuis une quinzaine d'années, comme d'ailleurs la localisation d'ensemble des différents groupes, du fait d'une faible mobilité géographique.
La communauté portugaise de Cerizay (79)
Authors: Kotlok-Piot Nathalie 
Published: November 2011

Depuis la fin des années 1960, vit à Cerizay, petite ville du nord des Deux-Sèvres, une communauté portugaise. Parfois originaires de Madère, ces travailleurs et leurs familles se sont insérés dans le tissu économique local principalement chez Heuliez, usine de construction automobile et dans les ateliers de confection.
Résidant dans les quartiers H.L.M. du centre-bourg, ils sont restés discrets. Mais la création d'une Z.E.P. permettant de prendre en compte les problèmes scolaires de leurs enfants et l'instauration d'un conseil municipal associé ont fait passer les Portugais de l'invisibilité à la visibilité.
Réflexions sur les flux migratoires au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Bourgey André 
Published: November 2011

Some Remarks on Migratory Flows in the Middle-East.

Geopolitical issues and oil revenues account for the migratory movements in the Middle East. Since the end of the seventies individual immigration from Arab countries has been replaced by a massive Asian immigration.
International work migrations are a main cause of social changes. They play an important role in the economic balance and have several geographical effects in both emigration and immigration countries.
L'engagement dans des collectifs de production de connaissance en ligne
Authors: Jullien Nicolas , Roudaut Karine , Le Squin Sandrine 
Published: November 2011

Résumé Nous discutons à partir d’une étude de cas, GeoRezo, l’implication des participants à des collectifs ou projets qui produisent de la connaissance, des biens (type logiciels) ou des services en ligne. Cette « carrière » est vue sous deux angles : les facteurs favorisant des prises de rôles ; les raisons de l’engagement.
Program Life for Africa
Authors: Carrera José M , Cararach Vicenc , Carrapato Manuel R , Castella Francesc 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
Life for Africa is an international cooperation program that was developed by Matres Mundi International. It aims to improve the critical situation of maternal and infant health in Africa by improving the number and training of health professionals, particularly in the area of the maternal and infant health. The program, which is sponsored by the majority of the international societies of perinatal medicine (the International Academy of Perinatal Medicine, the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, etc.), consists of the creation of an International School of Perinatal Medicine for Africa and a Reference Hospital for Mothers and Children in Addis Abeba, capital of the African Union. This paper will discuss the reasons in favor of this project and will describe the details and the current situation. It will also provide information about the ‘exploratory mission’ that several members of Matres Mundi and the international societies made to Addis Abeba.
Indirect versus Direct Bonding—A Shear Bond Strength Comparison: An in vitro Study
Authors: Pai Vinaya S , Nandini S , Swetha M , Sanjay N 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
The process of bonding orthodontic appliances to the enamel surface of the teeth has come to the forefront as a major improvement in bonding techniques. The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded using conventional direct bonding and indirect bonding as described by Thomas.

Materials and methods
Forty sound human premolars were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group I samples were bonded directly on the tooth surface using concise two paste adhesive system after etching and drying. Group II samples were bonded indirectly on the tooth surface according to Thomas indirect bonding technique using concise two paste adhesive system. The stored specimen was tested for shear bond strength in an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results
The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the shear bond strength between direct and indirect bonding techniques. Chi-square test showed that there were significant differences among the adhesive remnant index scores between direct and indirect bonding groups.

Conclusion
In vitro shear bond strength comparison between direct and indirect-bonded attachments showed no significant difference between the two groups. Bond strength obtained with Thomas indirect bonding technique was comparable with direct bonding technique.

Clinical significance
Thomas indirect bonding technique can be used for bonding of the posterior teeth, where the risk of moisture contamination is high during bonding.

How to cite this article
Swetha M, Pai VS, Sanjay N, Nandini S. Indirect versus Direct Bonding—A Shear Bond Strength Comparison: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(4):232-238.
Pain Levels after Third Molar Surgical Removal: An Evaluation of Predictive Variables
Authors: Bortoluzzi Marcelo Carlos , Guollo Andre , Capella Diogo L , Manfro Rafael 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the pain course after surgical removal of third molars.Materials and methodsThe sample consisted of 100 consecutive patients. Pain intensity was assessed by means of a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsAt day 1, moderate and severe pain were observed predominantly in patients who had surgery in the mandible (p < 0.001) and for patients younger than 24 years (p = 0.009), while more patients who weekly consumed mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) showed pain classified as none or light (p = 0.017). At day 2, the profile of pain moderate/severe was more prevalent for patients who had surgery in the mandible (p < 0.001) with the report of difficult surgery (p = 0.042) and with odontotomy performed (p = 0.033). In the third postoperative day, severe/moderate pain was associated with surgery in the mandible (p < 0.001) and with odontotomy (p = 0.021) and ostectomy (p = 0.028) performed, with report of long and difficult procedure (p = 0.023), surgeries which last more than sixty minutes (p < 0.026), and for those patients who developed postoperative inflammatory complications (p < 0.001).ConclusionHigher pain complains could be expected for patients who have long and difficult mandibular third molar surgery characterized by odontotomy and ostectomy.Clinical significancePain after third molar surgery is a common sequele. It is indispensable for the dentists to be apt in handling and preventing it as far as possible and know possible variables that may influence or increase these pain levels. It can be a clinical advantage. Better understanding the pain characteristics may guide the dentist through preoperative decisions.How to cite this articleBortoluzzi MC, Guollo A, Capella DL, Manfro R. Pain Levels after Third Molar Surgical Removal: An Evaluation of Predictive Variables. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):239-244.
Effects of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Shear Bond Strength of a Silorane-based Resin Composite
Authors: Arslan Soley , Yazici A Ruya , Gorucu Jale , Ertan Atilla , Pala KanŞad , Üstün Yakup , Antonson Sibel A , Antonson Donald E 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of different cavity disinfection agents on bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite.

Materials and methods
Thirty-six caries-free human third mandibular molars sectioned in mesio-distal direction were mounted in acrylic resin with their flat dentin surfaces exposed. After the dentin surfaces were wet ground with # 600 silicon carbide paper, the teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 12 each according to the cavity disinfection agents; chlorhexidine (CHX); sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), propolis, ozone, Er, Cr:YSGG laser and no treatment (control). After treatment of dentin surfaces with one of these cavity disinfection agents, Filtek Silorane adhesive system was applied. The silorane-based resin composite, Filtek Silorane was condensed into a mold and polymerized. After storage at 37°C for 24 hours, the specimens were tested in shear mode at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Results
No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion
The use of the tested cavity disinfection agents, chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, propolis, ozone and Er, Cr:YSGG laser did not significantly affect the dentin bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite, Filtek Silorane.

Clinical significance
Cavity disinfectant applications did not affect the dentin bond strength of a silorane-based resin composite.

How to cite this article
Arslan S, Yazici AR, Gorucu J, Ertan A, Pala K, Üstün Y, Antonson SA, Antonson DE. Effects of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Shear Bond Strength of a Siloranebased Resin Composite. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4): 279-286.
Pain during Root Canal Treatment: An Investigation of Patient Modifying Factors
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Udoye Christopher I 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAimThe study highlighted the effect of patient-related factors on levels of pain felt by subjects during root canal treatment, as well as the association between treatment duration and pain severity.Materials and methodsMaxillary central incisors with either necrotic pulp or irreversibly inflamed pulp, with or without preoperative pain were studied in 160 subjects aged 18 years and above. Subject's age and gender as well as pulp status and preoperative pain status were recorded. The procedure was done using a standard protocol. Visual analog scale was used to record the level of pain felt.ResultsThose cases with irreversible pulpitis felt higher pain. None with necrotic pulp experienced intense pain, while those in the 51 to 60 year age bands had severe, unbearable or intense pain. Mild pain was a common denominator in all age bands. Pain level increased with treatment duration.ConclusionExcept for age, the level of pain felt by subjects during RCT is significantly correlated with gender and pulp status. Furthermore, the experienced pain levels increased with treatment duration.Clinical significanceClinicians should be prepared to make use of supplemental local anesthesia in women and in teeth with IP. All treatment must be accomplished within reasonable time period.How to cite this articleUdoye CI, Jafarzadeh H. Pain during Root Canal Treatment: An Investigation of Patient Modifying Factors. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):301-304.