bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memantine versus donepezil in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized trial with magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Modrego P. J. , Fayed N. , Errea J. M. , Rios C. , Pina M. A. , Sarasa M. 
Published: October 2009

Background and purpose:  To compare memantine with the most prescribed cholinesterase inhibitor (donepezil) from a clinical viewpoint when administered in early phases of Alzheimer disease (AD), and to find out whether memantine may produce changes in brain metabolite concentrations in comparison with donepezil.Methods:  In this comparative rater‐blinded parallel group randomized trial we recruited a consecutive sample of patients with probable mild to moderate AD. At baseline we carried out neuropsychological assessment with mini‐mental, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive part (ADAS‐cog), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and disability assessment for dementia (DAD), as well as 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in several areas of the brain. Patients were randomized to receive either donepezil or memantine for 6 months. After this elapse of time we repeated the same procedures and observed the changes in clinical scales (ADAS‐cog, NPI, DAD), as well as the changes in metabolite levels in every area of exploration (temporal, pre‐frontal, posterior cingulated (PCG), and occipital), especially those of N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) which is regarded as a surrogate marker of neuronal density.Results:  A total of sixty‐three patients completed the trial. We did not see significant differences in clinical scales and metabolite levels between those on donepezil (n = 32) and those on memantine (n = 31). In general, more patients worsened than improved on either of the drugs. The changes in the NAA/creatine ratio in the PCG correlated significantly with the changes in the ADAS‐cog (P = 0.004).Conclusions:  Donepezil and memantine have similar modest clinical and spectroscopic effect on mild to moderate AD. MRS could be useful to monitor progression of the disease.
Vocabulary knowledge is a critical determinant of the difference in reading comprehension growth between first and second language learners
Authors: Lervåg Arne , Aukrust Vibeke Grøver 
Published: October 2009

Background:  This study examines the role of decoding and vocabulary skills as longitudinal predictors of reading comprehension in young first (L1) and second (L2) language learners.Methods:  Two‐group latent growth models were used to assess differences in growth and predictions of growth between the 198 L1 and 90 L2 language learners.Results:  L1 learners had better initial reading comprehension skills and faster growth in these skills over time. Individual differences in decoding and vocabulary predicted initial reading comprehension skills, but only vocabulary predicted the subsequent growth of reading comprehension skills. Vocabulary seemed to be a stronger predictor of growth in reading comprehension among the L2 learners than among the L1 learners.Conclusions:  Vocabulary appears to be a critical predictor of the early development of reading comprehension skills in both L1 and L2 learners. The limitations in vocabulary skills in the L2 learners seemed sufficient to explain their lag in developing reading comprehension skills, and this suggests that oral vocabulary training should be given a high priority in this group.
The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena) for the treatment of menstrual problems in adolescents with medical disorders, or physical or learning disabilities
Authors: Pillai M , O’Brien K , Hill E 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Pillai M, O’Brien K, Hill E. The levonorgestrel IUS (Mirena) for the treatment of menstrual problems in adolescents with medical disorders or physical or learning disabilities. BJOG 2010;117:216–221.Menstrual problems are common in adolescence. Management can be very problematic in girls with disability or medical disorders, as their condition and other medications may mean they are less likely to achieve satisfactory control with standard medical treatments. Those with disability tend to tolerate menses poorly. We report experience with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG IUS) for treatment of menstrual problems in adolescents with a range of medical problems or with severe learning disability. It provided of significant therapeutic benefit for 12 of 14 participants, with the majority opting to continue for the 5‐year duration of the device. The rates of expulsion, bleeding and amenorrhoea appear similar to those reported in older women, where contraception is the primary indication.
The menstrual disorder of teenagers (MDOT) study: determining typical menstrual patterns and menstrual disturbance in a large population‐based study of Australian teenagers
Authors: Parker MA , Sneddon AE , Arbon P 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Parker M, Sneddon A, Arbon P. The menstrual disorder of teenagers (MDOT) study: determining typical menstrual patterns and menstrual disturbance in a large population‐based study of Australian teenagers. BJOG 2010;117:185–192.Objective  The aim of this study was to: (1) establish the typical experience of menstruation for senior high school girls and (2) determine how many experience considerable menstrual disturbance that could require further investigation and management of underlying pathology.Design  Cross‐sectional study.Setting  Senior High Schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. Population  A total of 1051 girls aged between 15 and 19 years.Methods  Data based on a quantitative survey.Main outcome measures  Self‐reports of menstrual bleeding patterns, typical and atypical symptoms and morbidities.Results  Typical menstruation in adolescence includes pain (93%), cramping (71%), premenstrual symptoms (96%) and mood disturbance (73%). Highly significant associations were found between increasing severity of menstrual pain, number of menstrual‐related symptoms, interference with life activities and school absence. These associations indicate that approximately 25% of the sample had marked menstrual disturbance: 21% experienced severe pain; 26% school absence; 26% suffering five or more symptoms; ≥24% reporting moderate to high interference with four out of nine life activities. Approximately 10% reported atypical symptoms associated with menstruation. Diagnosis of menstrual pathology in the sample was low, even though 33% had seen a GP and 9% had been referred to a specialist.Conclusions  Menstrual pain and symptoms are common in teenagers. Girls indicating moderate to severe pain in association with a high number of menstrual symptoms, school absence and interference with life activities should be effectively managed to minimise menstrual morbidity. Those girls who do not respond to medical management should be considered for further investigation for possible underlying pathology, such as endometriosis.
Risk of ovarian failure and fertility preserving methods in girls and adolescents with a malignant disease
Authors: Schmidt KT , Larsen EC , Andersen CY , Andersen AN 
Published: October 2009

Please cite this paper as: Schmidt K, Larsen E, Andersen C, Andersen A. Risk of ovarian failure and fertility preserving methods in girls and adolescents with a malignant disease. BJOG 2010;117:163–174.Girls and young women suffering from a malignant disease that requires treatment with chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy are at risk of losing fertility. The most significant risk factors are age and type of treatment given. Preserving fertility is of high priority to both the young patient and her parents. This article reviews the effect of chemo‐ and radiotherapy on gonadal function, and thus fertility, and offers different fertility preserving methods based on the literature. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a possible way of preserving fertility in this group of patients in the future.
Prognosis of patients with relapsed and chemoresistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia transferred to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Authors: Feng F , Xiang Y , Wan X , Zhou Y 
Published: October 2009

Objective  To analyse and compare the treatment outcome of the patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) who were transferred to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) because of chemoresistant or relapsed GTN.Design  A retrospective study of the clinical features and treatment outcome of GTN after treatment failure elsewhere at the PUMCH.Setting  The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PUMCH, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.Population  A total of 81 women with chemoresistant or relapsed GTN transferred and treated between January 2005 and December 2007.Methods  A review of medical records of consecutively collected, referral cases of GTN was performed. The patients were classified according to the reasons for referral as having chemoresistant GTN if they had an incomplete response to previous treatment, and as having relapsed GTN if they had elevated serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) levels, in the absence of a pregnancy, after the completion of initial treatment.Main outcome measures  Serologic complete remission (SCR) and relapse rates.Results  The patients with chemoresistant and relapsed GTN achieved 52.6 and 76.7% of the long‐term SCR rate, respectively; P = 0.035. Relapse rate and median time to relapse were similar between the chemoresistant GTN cohort and the relapsed GTN cohort after initial SCR (24 versus 35.7%, P = 0.417; 4 versus 3 months, P = 0.969).Conclusions  The patients with chemoresistant GTN had a worse outcome compared with patients with relapsed GTN. The importance of obtaining a normal β‐hCG level with treatment for GTN should be emphasised, and novel therapies should be pursued for these patients.
Transcriptional expression of serotonergic regulators in laser‐captured microdissected dorsal raphe neurons of subjects with major depressive disorder: sex‐specific differences
Authors: Goswami Dharmendra B. , May Warren L. , Stockmeier Craig A. , Austin Mark C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe relationship between serotonin (5‐HT) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been extensively studied but certain aspects are still ambiguous. Given the evidence that 5‐HT neurotransmission is reduced in depressed subjects, it is possible that one or more of the 5‐HT regulators may be altered in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) of depressed subjects. Candidates that regulate 5‐HT synthesis and neuronal activity of 5‐HT neurons include intrinsic regulators such as tryptophan hydroxylase 2, 5‐HT autoreceptors, 5‐HT transporter and transcription factors, as well as afferent regulators such as estrogen and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. The present study was designed to quantify mRNA concentrations of the above 5‐HT regulators in an isolated population of 5‐HT‐containing DR neurons of MDD subjects and gender‐matched psychiatrically normal control subjects. We found that mRNA concentrations of the 5‐HT1D receptor and the transcription factors, NUDR and REST, were significantly increased in DR‐captured neurons of female MDD subjects compared to female control subjects. No significant differences were found for the transcripts in male MDD subjects compared to male controls. This study reveals sex‐specific alterations in gene expression of the pre‐synaptic 5‐HT1D autoreceptors and 5‐HT‐related transcription factors, NUDR and REST, in DR neurons of women with MDD.
Obstetric Complications in Women with Diagnosed Mental Illness: The Relative Success of California's County Mental Health System
Authors: Thornton Dorothy , Guendelman Sylvia , Hosang Nap 
Published: October 2009

Objective. To examine disparities in serious obstetric complications and quality of obstetric care during labor and delivery for women with and without mental illness.Data Source. Linked California hospital discharge (2000–2001), birth, fetal death, and county mental health system (CMHS) records.Study Design. This population‐based, cross‐sectional study of 915,568 deliveries in California, calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for obstetric complication rates for women with a mental illness diagnosis (treated and not treated in the CMHS) compared with women with no mental illness diagnosis, controlling for sociodemographic, delivery hospital type, and clinical factors.Results. Compared with deliveries in the general non–mentally ill population, deliveries to women with mental illness stand a higher adjusted risk of obstetric complication: AOR=1.32 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.25, 1.39) for women treated in the CMHS and AOR=1.72 (95 percent CI=1.66, 1.79) for women not treated in the CMHS. Mentally ill women treated in the CMHS are at lower risk than non‐CMHS mentally ill women of experiencing conditions associated with suboptimal intrapartum care (postpartum hemorrhage, major puerperal infections) and inadequate prenatal care (acute pyelonephritis).Conclusion. Since mental disorders during pregnancy adversely affect mothers and their infants, care of the mentally ill pregnant woman by mental health and primary care providers warrants special attention.
Predictors of Adequate Depression Treatment among Medicaid‐Enrolled Adults
Authors: Teh Carrie Farmer , Sorbero Mark J. , Mihalyo Mark J. , Kogan Jane N. , Schuster James , Reynolds Charles F. , Stein Bradley D. 
Published: October 2009

Objective. To determine whether Medicaid‐enrolled depressed adults receive adequate treatment for depression and to identify the characteristics of those receiving inadequate treatment.Data Source. Claims data from a Medicaid‐enrolled population in a large mid‐Atlantic state between July 2006 and January 2008.Study Design. We examined rates and predictors of minimally adequate psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy among adults with a new depression treatment episode during the study period (N=1,098).Principal Findings. Many depressed adults received either minimally adequate psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy. Black individuals and individuals who began their depression treatment episode with an inpatient psychiatric stay for depression were markedly less likely to receive minimally adequate psychotherapy and more likely to receive inadequate treatment.Conclusions. Racial minorities and individuals discharged from inpatient treatment for depression are at risk for receiving inadequate depression treatment.
The “Nursing Home Compare” Measure of Urinary/Fecal Incontinence: Cross‐Sectional Variation, Stability over Time, and the Impact of Case Mix
Authors: Li Yue , Schnelle John , Spector William D. , Glance Laurent G. , Mukamel Dana B. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives. To assess the impact of facility case mix on cross‐sectional variations and short‐term stability of the “Nursing Home Compare” incontinence quality measure (QM) and to determine whether multivariate risk adjustment can minimize such impacts.Study Design. Retrospective analyses of the 2005 national minimum data set (MDS) that included approximately 600,000 long‐term care residents in over 10,000 facilities in each quarterly sample. Mixed logistic regression was used to construct the risk‐adjusted QM (nonshrinkage estimator). Facility‐level ordinary least‐squares models and adjusted R2 were used to estimate the impact of case mix on cross‐sectional and short‐term longitudinal variations of currently published and risk‐adjusted QMs.Principal Findings. At least 50 percent of the cross‐sectional variation and 25 percent of the short‐term longitudinal variation of the published QM are explained by facility case mix. In contrast, the cross‐sectional and short‐term longitudinal variations of the risk‐adjusted QM are much less susceptible to case‐mix variations (adjusted R2<0.10), even for facilities with more extreme or more unstable outcome.Conclusions. Current “Nursing Home Compare” incontinence QM reflects considerable case‐mix variations across facilities and over time, and therefore it may be biased. This issue can be largely addressed by multivariate risk adjustment using risk factors available in the MDS.
Holocene precipitation and temperature variations in the East Asian monsoonal margin from pollen data from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: WEN RUILIN , XIAO JULE , CHANG ZHIGANG , ZHAI DAYOU , XU QINGHAI , LI YUECONG , ITOH SHIGERU 
Published: October 2009

Wen, R. L., Xiao, J. L., Chang, Z. G., Zhai, D. Y., Xu, Q. H., Li, Y. C. & Itoh, S. 2009: Holocene precipitation and temperature variations in the East Asian monsoonal margin from pollen data from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2009.00125.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstruction with the weighted averaging partial least squares method was applied to the pollen profile from Hulun Lake in northeastern Inner Mongolia. The data provide a detailed history of variations in precipitation and temperature over the northeastern margin of the East Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene. A warm and dry climate prevailed over the lake region until c. 8000 cal. BP. During the period c. 8000–4400 cal. BP, precipitation increased markedly and temperature gradually declined. The interval between c. 4400 and 3350 cal. BP was marked by extremely dry and relatively cold conditions. Precipitation recovered from c. 3350 to 1000 cal. BP, with temperatures rising c. 3350–2050 cal. BP and dropping c. 2050–1000 cal. BP. During the last 500 years, the climate of the lake region displayed a general trend of warming and wetting. While Holocene temperature variations in the mid‐high latitude monsoonal margin were controlled by changes in summer solar radiation in the Northern Hemisphere, they could also be related to the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon. The lack of precipitation during the early Holocene could be attributed to the weakened summer monsoon resulting from the existence of remnant ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in the monsoonal precipitation during the middle to late Holocene would have been associated with the ocean–atmosphere interacting processes occurring in the western tropical Pacific.
Stimulated neovascularization, inflammation resolution and collagen maturation in healing rat cutaneous wounds by a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic, OTR4120
Authors: Tong Miao , Tuk Bastiaan , Hekking Ineke M. , Vermeij Marcel , Barritault Denis , Van Neck Johan W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTHeparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS‐GAGs) are not only the structural elements of tissue architecture but also regulate the bioavailability and transduction pathways of heparan sulfate‐bound polypeptides released by cells or the extracellular matrix. Heparan sulfate‐bound polypeptides include inflammatory mediators, chemokines, angiogenic factors, morphogens, and growth‐promoting factors that induce cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in wound healing. OTR4120, a polymer engineered to mimic the properties of HS‐GAGs, is used to replace the natural HS‐GAGs that are degraded during wound repair, and enhance the tissue regeneration by preserving the cellular microenvironment and the endogenous signals needed for tissue regeneration. We previously demonstrated that OTR4120 treatment had a long‐term effect on increasing breaking strength and vasodilation in healing rat full‐thickness excisional wounds. The present study investigates the underlying mechanisms of the effects of OTR4120 treatment in improving the quality of cutaneous wound repair. We found that OTR4120 treatment stimulated inflammation resolution and increased neovascularization. OTR4120 treatment also promoted epidermal migration and proliferation during reepithelialization. Moreover, the granulation tissue formation and collagen maturation were improved in OTR4120‐treated wounds. Three months after wounding, the effects of OTR4120 treatment on vascularization and inflammation resolution were normalized, except for an improved neodermis. We conclude that OTR4120 is a potential matrix therapeutic agent that ensures the quality of normal cutaneous wound repair and may restore impaired wound healing characterized by deficient angiogenesis and prolonged inflammation.
Anti‐clockwise P–T paths in the lower crust: an example from a kyanite‐bearing regional aureole, George Sound, New Zealand
Authors: CLARKE G. L. , FITZHERBERT J. A. , MILAN L. A. , DACZKO N. R. , DEGELING H. S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe George Sound Paragneiss (GSP) represents a rare Permo‐Triassic unit in Fiordland that occurs as a km‐scale pillar to gabbroic and dioritic gneiss of c. 120 Ma Western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO). It is distinguished from Palaeozoic paragneiss common in western Fiordland (Deep Cove Gneiss) by SHRIMP and laser‐ablation U–Pb ages as young as c. 190 Ma and 176Hf/177Lu >0.2828 for detrital zircon grains. The Mesozoic age of the GSP circumvents common ambiguity in the interpretation of Cretaceous v. Palaeozoic metamorphic assemblages in the Deep Cove Gneiss. A shallowly dipping S1 foliation is preserved in the GSP distal to the WFO, cut by 100 m scale migmatite contact zones. All units preserve a steeply dipping S2 foliation. S1 staurolite and sillimanite inclusions in the cores of metapelitic garnet grains distal to the WFO preserve evidence for prograde conditions of T < 650 °C and P < 8 kbar. Contact aureole and S2 assemblages include Mg‐rich, Ca‐poor cores to garnet grains in metapelitic schist that reflect WFO emplacement at ≈760 °C and ≈6.5 kbar. S2 kyanite‐bearing matrix assemblages and Ca‐enriched garnet rims reflect ≈650 °C and ≈11 kbar. Poorly oriented muscovite–biotite intergrowths and rare paragonite reflect post‐S2 high‐P retrogression and cooling. Pseudosection modelling in NCKFMASH defines a high‐P anti‐clockwise P–T history for the GSP involving: (i) mid‐P amphibolite facies conditions; preceding (ii) thermal metamorphism adjacent to the WFO; followed by (iii) burial to high‐P and (iv) high‐P cooling induced by tectonic juxtaposition of cooler country rock.
Evaluation of Membrane Oxygenators and Reservoirs in Terms of Capturing Gaseous Microemboli and Pressure Drops
Authors: Guan Yulong , Palanzo David , Kunselman Allen , Ündar Akif 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn increasing amount of evidence points to cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as the principal etiologic factor of neurologic complications. In this study, the capability of capturing and classification of gaseous emboli and pressure drop of three different membrane oxygenators (Sorin Apex, Terumo Capiox SX25, Maquet QUADROX) were measured in a simulated adult model of CPB using a novel ultrasound detection and classification quantifier system. The circuit was primed with 1000 mL heparinized human packed red blood cells and 1000 mL lactated Ringer's solution (total volume 2000 mL, corrected hematocrit 26–28%). After the injection of 5 mL air into the venous line, an Emboli Detection and Classification Quantifier was used to simultaneously record microemboli counts at post‐pump, post‐oxygenator, and post‐arterial filter sites. Trials were conducted at normothermic (35°C) and hypothermic (25°C) conditions. Pre‐oxygenator and post‐oxygenator pressure were recorded in real time and pressure drop was calculated. Maquet QUADROX membrane oxygenator has the lowest pressure drops compared to the other two oxygenators (P < 0.001). The comparison among the three oxygenators indicated better capability of capturing gaseous emboli with the Maquet QUADROX and Terumo Capiox SX25 membrane oxygenator and more emboli may pass through the Sorin Apex membrane oxygenator. Microemboli counts uniformly increased with hypothermic perfusion (25°C). Different types of oxygenators and reservoirs have different capability of capturing gaseous emboli and transmembrane pressure drop. Based on this investigation, Maquet QUADROX membrane oxygenator has the lowest pressure drop and better capability for capturing gaseous microemboli.