bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of hospital type on outcomes after oesophageal and gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Dikken J L , Wouters M W J M , Lemmens V E P , Putter H , van der Geest L G M , Verheij M , Cats A , van Sandick J W , van de Velde C J H 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Outcomes after oesophagectomy and gastrectomy vary considerably between hospitals. Possible explanations include differences in case mix, hospital volume and hospital type. The present study examined the distribution of oesophagectomies and gastrectomies between hospital types in the Netherlands, and the relationship between hospital type and outcome.

Methods
Data were obtained from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry. Hospitals were categorized as university hospitals (UH), non-university teaching hospitals (NUTH) and non-university non-teaching hospitals (NUNTH). Hospital type–outcome relationships were analysed by Cox regression, adjusting for case mix, hospital volume, year of diagnosis and use of multimodal therapies.

Results
Between 1989 and 2009, 10 025 oesophagectomies and 14 221 gastrectomies for cancer were performed in the Netherlands. The percentage of oesophagectomies and gastrectomies performed in UH increased from 17·6 and 6·4 per cent respectively in 1989 to 44·1 and 12·9 per cent in 2009. After oesophagectomy, the 3-month mortality rate was 2·5 per cent in UH, 4·4 per cent in NUTH and 4·1 per cent in NUNTH (P = 0·006 for UH versus NUTH). After gastrectomy, the 3-month mortality rate was 4·9 per cent in UH, 8·9 per cent in NUTH and 8·7 per cent in NUNTH (P &lt; 0·001 for UH versus NUTH). Three-year survival was also higher in UH than in NUTH and NUNTH.

Conclusion
Oesophagogastric resections performed in UH were associated with better outcomes but, owing to variation in outcomes within hospital types, centres of excellence cannot be designated solely on hospital type. Detailed information on case mix and outcomes is needed to identify centres of excellence.
Successful MALDI‐MS Analysis of Synthetic Polymers with Labile End‐Groups: The Case of Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization Using the MAMA‐SG1 Alkoxyamine
Authors: Barrère Caroline , Chendo Christophe , N. T. Phan Trang , Monnier Valérie , Trimaille Thomas , Humbel Stéphane , Viel Stéphane , Gigmes Didier , Charles Laurence 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA sample pretreatment was evaluated to enable the production of intact cationic species of synthetic polymers holding a labile end‐group using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. More specifically, polymers obtained by nitroxide‐mediated polymerization involving the MAMA‐SG1 alkoxyamine were stirred for a few hours in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to induce the substitution of a tert‐butyl group on the nitrogen of nitroxide end‐group by a hydrogen atom. Nuclear magnetic resonance, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and theoretical calculations were combined to scrutinize this sample pretreatment from both mechanistic and energetic points of view. The substitution reaction was found to increase the dissociation energy of the fragile CON bond to a sufficient extent to prevent this bond to be spontaneously cleaved during MALDI analysis. This TFA treatment is shown to be very efficient regardless of the nature of the polymer, as evidenced by reliable MALDI mass spectrometric data obtained for poly(ethylene oxide), polystyrene and poly(butylacrylate).
Electrostatic Precipitation – So much is left to do
Authors: Riebel Ulrich , Lübbert Christian , Lebedynskyy Sergiy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDer Elektroabscheider erlaubt eine energetisch besonders günstige Abscheidung von Stäuben und Aerosolen. Auch nach einer über 100jährigen Vorgeschichte von technischer Anwendung und wissenschaftlicher Forschung gibt es noch viel zu tun. Einerseits eröffnen aktuelle Entwicklungen der Technik und der Nachfrage neue Anwendungsbereiche für den Elektroabscheider, andererseits gilt es noch etliche Lücken beim Verständnis seiner Funktion zu schließen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Entwicklungen.
Aqueous Surfactant Two‐Phase Systems for the Continuous Countercurrent Cloud Point Extraction
Authors: Ingram Thomas , Storm Sandra , Glembin Philipp , Bendt Stephan , Huber Désirée , Mehling Tanja , Smirnova Irina 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAqueous nonionic surfactant solutions split into two phases if the temperature is increased beyond a certain temperature, the so‐called cloud point temperature. Presently many different types of nonionic surfactants are produced commercially, out of these numerous have been considered as potential solvent for the cloud point extraction. In this work the crucial thermophysical properties of nonionic surfactants are investigated to determine the potential of surfactant systems for extraction processes. Phase equilibria of the binary system Triton X‐114/water and the ternary system Triton X‐114/water/phenol were measured. Based on these data the cloud point extraction was implemented in a continuous stirred extraction column. It was found, that increasing temperature within the column reduces the loss of surfactant and leads to an increasing enrichment factor. This work demonstrates that surfactant/water systems represent a suitable alternative to conventional solvents and can effectively be processed in continuous extraction columns.
Fundamentals towards a Modular Microstructured Production Plant
Authors: Helling Christoph , Fröhlich Holger , Eggersglüss Jan , Strube Jochen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor years, microtechnology is being considered as an emerging technique for chemical engineering tasks to overcome safety issues corresponding to high volumes and gaining higher selectivities and yields in reaction technology. Whereas in reaction technology a broad variety of microstructured equipment is available, in product purification/separation adequate equipment is missing. Research is focused on modular fast and flexible smaller production plants being operated continuously instead of batchwise in order to reduce engineering efforts and time‐to‐process. To cope with these demands, an appropriate definition of modules, which could be easily chosen and combined, is inevitable. In addition, these modules have to be well characterized concerning fluid dynamics and separation performance. This paper focuses on the characterization of available modules/devices. A standard method and analysis of the results concerning manufacturing accuracy and operation range is proposed. Miniplant technology is described as an efficient tool to validate process concepts proposed by process simulation studies. Necessary model parameters are determined for industrial complex mixtures in miniaturized laboratory equipment. Parameters are calculated model based to gain maximal accuracy. State of the art of miniplant technology is described and basic characteristic data are presented.
Value of Coronary Computed Tomography as a Prognostic Tool
Authors: Contractor Tahmeed , Parekh Maansi , Ahmed Shameer , Martinez Matthew W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCoronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has become an important part of our armamentarium for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Emerging technologies have produced lower radiation dose, improved spatial and temporal resolution, as well as information about coronary physiology. Although the prognostic role of coronary artery calcium scoring is known, similar evidence for CCTA has only recently emerged. Initial, small studies in various patient populations have indicated that CCTA‐identified CAD may have a prognostic value. These findings were confirmed in a recent analysis of the international, prospective Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation For Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter (CONFIRM) registry. An incremental increase in mortality was found with a worse severity of CAD on a per‐patient, per‐vessel, and per‐segment basis. In addition, age‐, sex‐, and ethnicity‐based differences in mortality were also found. Whether changing our management algorithms based on these findings will affect outcomes is unclear. Large prospective studies utilizing targeted management strategies for obstructive and nonobstructive CAD are required to incorporate these recent findings into our daily practice. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22003The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Involuntary Memories after a Positive Film Are Dampened by a Visuospatial Task: Unhelpful in Depression but Helpful in Mania?
Authors: Davies Charlotte , Malik Aiysha , Pictet Arnaud , Blackwell Simon E. , Holmes Emily A. 
Published: May 2012

Spontaneous negative mental images have been extensively researched due to the crucial role they play in conditions such as post‐traumatic stress disorder. However, people can also experience spontaneous positive mental images, and these are little understood. Positive images may play a role in promoting healthy positive mood and may be lacking in conditions such as depression. However, they may also occur in problematic states of elevated mood, such as in bipolar disorder. Can we apply an understanding of spontaneous imagery gained by the study of spontaneous negative images to spontaneous positive images? In an analogue of the trauma film studies, 69 volunteers viewed an explicitly positive (rather than traumatic) film. Participants were randomly allocated post‐film either to perform a visuospatial task (the computer game ‘Tetris’) or to a no‐task control condition. Viewing the film enhanced positive mood and immediately post‐film increased goal setting on a questionnaire measure. The film was successful in generating involuntary memories of specific scenes over the following week. As predicted, compared with the control condition, participants in the visuospatial task condition reported significantly fewer involuntary memories from the film in a diary over the subsequent week. Furthermore, scores on a recognition memory test at 1 week indicated an impairment in voluntary recall of the film in the visuospatial task condition. Clinical implications regarding the modulation of positive imagery after a positive emotional experience are discussed. Generally, boosting positive imagery may be a useful strategy for the recovery of depressed mood. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

After a positive film, volunteers can experience involuntary ‘pop‐out’ memories of that film over the subsequent week.
Performing a visuospatial task (the computer game Tetris) immediately after the positive film reduces spontaneous image memories and also impairs voluntary memory for details of the film.
Understanding the mechanisms underlying positive spontaneous imagery may offer insights for treatment innovation both for those conditions characterized by a deficit in positive imagery, such as depression, and for those characterized by a proliferation of positive imagery, such as mania.
Furthermore, this may suggest that the routine everyday tasks we engage in after a positive emotional event could have a significant impact on our memories of positive experiences.
Shadowing fade margin and coverage probability analysis for HAP mobile communication systems
Authors: Zhu Li‐ping , Chen Zhihong , Zhu Yi‐Sheng 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYAn existing elevation dependent shadowing model for high‐altitude platform (HAP) mobile communication in built‐up areas is employed to perform the area coverage probability analysis and fading margin computation for HAP mobile communication systems. A generalized expression for the PDF of the received signal power in the HAP coverage is derived. The shadowing fade margin model that can characterize different types of built‐up area is developed. Theoretical relations between shadowing fade margin and outage probability and cell coverage probability are given. Numerical simulation for isoflux coverage HAP‐based system shows that there is great difference in the value of shadowing fade margin under line‐of‐sight and non‐line‐of‐sight conditions for the same outage probability. It is also found that the cell coverage probability is insensitive to the variance of the shadowing fade margin in suburban environment whatever the size of the cell and for small cells in urban high‐rise environments.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relation between maternal emotional support and child physiological regulation across the preschool years
Authors: Perry Nicole B. , Nelson Jackie A. , Swingler Margaret M. , Leerkes Esther M. , Calkins Susan D. , Marcovitch Stuart , O'Brien Marion 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTrajectories of baseline RSA (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), an index of reactivity, and vagal withdrawal, an index of regulation, across the preschool period were examined. In addition, maternal emotional support was investigated as a potential time‐varying predictor of these trajectories. Physiological measures were obtained during frustration tasks, and a maternal emotional support measure was assessed via maternal report and direct observation. Children's baseline RSA and vagal withdrawal scores were moderately stable across the preschool period. Growth models indicated that children's baseline RSA scores changed linearly over the preschool years, and there was significant variability in withdrawal trajectories. Greater maternal emotional support predicted higher initial withdrawal levels and lower emotional support was associated with the greatest increase in withdrawal over time. This suggests that children of higher emotionally supportive mothers reached higher levels of physiological regulation earlier in development and therefore did not show the same increase across preschool as children of less supportive mothers. Maternal emotional support was not significantly related to trajectories of baseline RSA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 382–394, 2013
Maternal inhibition of infant behavioral response following isolation in novel surroundings and inflammatory challenge
Authors: Hennessy Michael B. , Jacobs Sarah , Schiml Patricia A. , Hawk Kiel , Stafford Nathan , Deak Terrence 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDuring isolation in a novel environment, guinea pig pups gradually begin to display passive behavior that appears to be mediated by proinflammatory activity, that is, “sickness behavior.”. Administration of substances that increase proinflammatory activity [corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] prior to isolation induces passive behavior from the beginning of the isolation episode. Here, we show that reunion with the mother in the novel environment rapidly and potently suppresses the passive behavior of isolated pups (Experiment 1); inhibits the passive behavior of pups administered CRF (10 µg, subcutaneous; Experiment 2); and inhibits the passive behavior of male, though not female, pups administered LPS (250 µg/kg, intraperitoneal; Experiment 3). Together these findings suggest that the presence of the mother either recruits other processes that moderate the impact of proinflammatory processes on brain mechanisms mediating the passive response or initiates compensatory mechanisms that counter the effect of proinflammatory activity. Further, the results suggest that for physically ill animals of social species, the adaptive advantage that accrues from maintaining normal social interactions may sometimes outweigh the advantage gained by engaging in sickness behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 395–403, 2013
Multiple drift responses of benthic invertebrates to interacting hydropeaking and thermopeaking waves
Authors: Bruno M. C. , Siviglia A. , Carolli M. , Maiolini B. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTSudden instream releases of hypolimnetic water from hydropower plants [i.e. hydropeaking (HP)] can cause abrupt temperature variations [i.e. thermopeaking (TP)], typically on a daily basis. The propagation of discharge and thermal waves is asynchronous, causing the benthic community to undergo two different but consecutive impacts. Invertebrates respond to sudden increases in discharge with catastrophic drift, and respond to sudden changes of temperature with behavioural drift. Owing to the time lag separating discharge and thermal wave peaks, catastrophic and behavioural drift can occur as distinct events. We conducted simulations in a set of open air flumes directly fed by an Alpine stream, and analysed drift induction in benthic invertebrates caused by a HP wave followed by a cold TP wave, and compared it with drift induced only by a cold TP wave. Drift propensity increased during HP and TP simulations, with a synergic effect: drift was higher when the TP wave followed the HP one. We also recorded a selective effect: some taxa did not respond to the alterations, some taxa responded to the discharge variations and to the thermal variations, or to the thermal variations alone. The most abundant taxa in benthos were Chironomidae and Baetidae, followed by Simuliidae. Simuliidae and Chironomidae were the most abundant drifting taxa. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio‐Metallodendrimers – Emerging Strategies in Metal‐Based Drug Design
Authors: Govender Preshendren , Therrien Bruno , Smith Gregory S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe field of biomedical metallodendrimers is an emerging discipline that is attracting prolific attention. Metallodendrimers, like their organic counterparts, are known for their multivalency (high concentration of peripheral end‐groups), well‐defined architectures and narrow polydispersity. These are characteristics that make metallodendrimers well‐suited as innovative scaffolds for the development of new therapeutic agents. Coupled with the surge of interest in the use of various metal complexes to treat various diseases, the application of metallodendrimers in medicinal chemistry is an attractive strategy for therapies involving macromolecules and the advancement of new metal‐based therapeutics. In this review, we describe the progress made in the application of metallodendrimers as scaffolds for drug delivery, as metal‐based drugs in their own right, and as agents for biosensing, photothermal and photodynamic therapy.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres for Immobilization, Direct Electrochemistry, and Biosensing of Protein
Authors: Zhang Zhaohang , Zhang Rong , Li Cancan , Yuan Liang , Li Peipei , Yao Li , Liu Songqin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon hollow spheres (NCHS) were designed for the immobilization and biosensing of proteins. Chitosan was first functionalized with glutaraldehyde to form cross‐linked chitosan with free CHO groups (GCS). The as‐prepared GCS was used for dispersion of nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow spheres. Using glucose oxidase (GOD) as a model, the NCHS was tested for immobilization of redox proteins and the design of electrochemical biosensors. GOD molecules immobilized in the nanocomposites showed direct electrochemistry with a formal potential of −0.448 V and well electrochemical performance. The proposed biosensor exhibited a linear response to glucose concentrations ranging from 3.7 µM to 18.0 mM with a detection limit of 1.2 µM and a sensitivity of 11.85 µA mM−1. This biosensor was also applied to detect glucose in human serum samples, accomplishing good recovery in the range of 92–105 %. The nanocomposites provided a good matrix for protein immobilization and biosensor fabrication.
PEDOT‐Modified Microelectrodes. Preparation, Characterisation and Analytical Performances
Authors: Pigani L. , Zanfrognini B. , Seeber R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified microelectrodes were prepared by electropolymerisation of the relevant monomer from CH3CN or H2O solutions. The electrochemical behaviour of the obtained coatings was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in both organic and aqueous media. The anodic responses obtained for a typical benchmark analyte such as ascorbic acid was used to test the different coatings; calibration curves were built up in order to evaluate the repeatability of the response and the reproducibility of the prepared sensing system. Moreover, the ability of the modified microelectrodes to work in low conductivity media was studied, and exploratory tests in dense food matrix was performed.
Novel Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Azide Covalently Immobilized on Ethynyl‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode via Click Chemistry
Authors: Hayat Akhtar , Marty Jean‐Louis , Radi Abd‐Elgawad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel, simple and versatile protocol for covalent immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) based on the combination of diazonium salt electrografting and click chemistry has been successfully developed. The ethynyl‐terminated monolayers are obtained by diazonium salt electrografting, then, in the presence of copper (I) catalyst, the ethynyl modified surfaces reacted efficiently and rapidly with horseradish peroxidase bearing an azide function (azido‐HRP), thus forming a covalent 1,2,3‐triazole linkage by means of click chemistry. All the experimental results suggested that HRP was immobilized onto the electrode surface successfully without denaturation. Furthermore, the immobilized HRP showed a fast electrocatalytic reduction for H2O2. A linear range from 5.0 to 50.0 µM in a phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) with detection limit of 0.50 µM and sensitivity of 0.23 nA/µM were obtained. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant Kct was 1.52±0.22 s−1 and the apparent MichaelisMenten constant was calculated to be 0.028 mM. The HRP‐functionalized electrode demonstrated a good reproducibility and long‐term stability.
Miniaturized Electrochemical Immunosensor for Label‐Free Detection of Growth Hormone
Authors: Li Qi , Li Nan , Le Tissier Paul , Grattan David R. , Kerman Kagan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA miniaturized immunosensor was developed in connection with disposable screen‐printed carbon strips (SPCS) for the point‐of‐care detection of growth hormone. The performance of the miniaturized system was studied using growth hormone (GH) as the target protein and compared with a conventional electrochemical analyzer. The detection limit of 25 pg/mL was observed for GH in 20 µL sample volume, which indicated that this versatile platform can be easily adapted for decentralized electrochemical immunosensing of clinically important proteins.
Toxicity of elevated partial pressures of carbon dioxide to invasive New Zealand mudsnails
Authors: Nielson R. Jordan , Moffitt Christine M. , Watten Barnaby J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The authors tested the efficacy of elevated partial pressures of CO2 to kill invasive New Zealand mudsnails. The New Zealand mudsnails were exposed to 100 kPa at three water temperatures, and the survival was modeled versus dose as cumulative °C-h. We estimated an LD50 of 59.4°C-h for adult and juvenile New Zealand mudsnails. The results suggest that CO2 may be an effective and inexpensive lethal tool to treat substrates, tanks, or materials infested with New Zealand mudsnails. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1838–1842. © 2012 SETAC