bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary modulation of body composition and insulin sensitivity during catch-up growth in rats: effects of oils rich inn-6 orn-3 PUFA
Authors: Yepuri Gayathri , Marcelino Helena , Shahkhalili Yasaman , Aprikian Olivier , Macé Katherine , Seydoux Josiane , L. Miles Jennifer , Montani Jean-Pierre , Dulloo Abdul G. 
Published: January 2011

The present study investigates whether excessive fat accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia during catch-up growth on high-fat diets are altered byn-6 andn-3 PUFA derived from oils rich in either linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) or DHA. It has been shown that, compared with food-restricted rats refed a high-fat (lard) diet low in PUFA, those refed isoenergetically on diets enriched in LA or ALA, independently of then-6:n-3 ratio, show improved insulin sensitivity, lower fat mass and higher lean mass, the magnitude of which is related to the proportion of total PUFA precursors (LA+ALA) consumed. These relationships are best fitted by quadratic regression models (r2>0·8,P < 0·001), with threshold values for an impact on body composition corresponding to PUFA precursors contributing 25–30 % of energy intake. Isoenergetic refeeding on high-fat diets enriched in AA or DHA also led to improved body composition, with increases in lean mass as predicted by the quadratic model for PUFA precursors, but decreases in fat mass, which are disproportionately greater than predicted values; insulin sensitivity, however, was not improved. These findings pertaining to the impact of dietary intake of PUFA precursors (LA and ALA) and their elongated–desaturated products (AA and DHA), on body composition and insulin sensitivity, provide important insights into the search for diets aimed at counteracting the pathophysiological consequences of catch-up growth. In particular, diets enriched in essential fatty acids (LA and/or ALA) markedly improve insulin sensitivity and composition of weight regained, independently of then-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.
RETHINKING THE EDWARDIAN CRISIS OF CONSERVATISM
Authors: THACKERAY DAVID 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article reconsiders the culture of popular Conservatism in Edwardian Britain, when it has often been claimed that the Unionist parties underwent a profound crisis. According to Ewen Green, for example, in the immediate years before the First World War, Conservative leaders failed to offer policies that could unite their party or enable it to develop an effective popular appeal. Consequently, the party appeared to be drifting towards potential disaster and disintegration. Whilst historians are correct to argue that deep divisions emerged within the Unionist ranks, inhibiting their electoral prospects, the vibrancy of rank-and-file Conservatism in Edwardian Britain nevertheless tends to be underestimated. By embracing a variety of populist causes in 1913–14, the Conservative party appeared to have found a way to overcome its electoral malaise. Moreover, by taking important steps to widen their social appeal, the Conservatives laid the foundations for post-war success during these years of supposed ‘crisis’.
DEFENDING WOMEN, NEGOTIATING MASCULINITY IN EARLY MODERN ITALY
Authors: DIALETI ANDRONIKI 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the formation of masculinity in early modern Italy, by focusing on literature defending women written by men. The article argues that defence of women emerged as a crucial feature in male self-fashioning and group identity formation in specific environments, such as the courts, the academies, and the Venetian socio-cultural scene of the 1540s and 1550s. By detecting how demarcations of self and other were shaped in the literature under examination, the article suggests that men defending women fashioned themselves both in regard to female ‘otherness’ and against other contemporary male identities. In this process of inclusion and exclusion both gender and social status came into play. Although defence of women initially emerged as a key determinant of elite masculinity, it gradually became the bone of contention among different social groups of men seeking to negotiate, redefine, and appropriate for themselves an idealized form of masculinity.
ROBERT GORDON LATHAM, DISPLAYED PEOPLES, AND THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RACE, 1854–1866
Authors: QURESHI SADIAH 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn 1854, the Crystal Palace reopened at Sydenham. Significantly, it featured a court of natural history. Curated by the philologist and physician, Robert Gordon Latham, it was designed to provide the public with an ethnological education. Understanding Latham's project is of particular importance for broader understandings of the scientific importance of displayed peoples and mid-nineteenth-century debates on the nature of human variation. Recent scholarship has shown considerable interest in the relationship between exhibitions of foreign peoples and anthropology, particularly within the context of world fairs. Nevertheless, anthropologists are routinely claimed to have used fairs merely to display or publicly validate, rather than to make, scientific knowledge. Meanwhile, the 1850s and 1860s are often seen as having witnessed the emergence of a new ‘harder-edged’ scientific racism as, older, elastic definitions of ‘race’ were successfully overthrown by one rooted in biological difference (most commonly exemplified by the anatomist Robert Knox). By examining how Latham produced and used his museum of human types, this article proposes an alternative approach. It suggests that displayed peoples were used as ethnological specimens and that Latham's work is at a particularly significant crossroads for the mid-nineteenth-century remaking of ‘race’.
THE DEATH OF JOHN STUART MILL
Authors: STACK DAVID 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis article surveys the fiercely contested posthumous assessments of John Stuart Mill in the newspaper and periodical press, in the months following his death in May 1873, and elicits the broader intellectual context. Judgements made in the immediate wake of Mill's death influence biographers and historians to this day and provide an illuminating aperture into the politics and shifting ideological forces of the period. The article considers how Mill's failure to control his posthumous reputation demonstrates both the inextricable intertwining of politics and character in the 1870s, and the difficulties his allies faced. In particular, it shows the sharp division between Mill's middle and working class admirers; the use of James Mill's name as a rebuke to his son; the redefinition of Malthusianism in the 1870s; and how publication of Mill's Autobiography damaged his reputation. Finally, the article considers the relative absence of both theological and Darwinian critiques of Mill.
Larval gryporhynchid tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) of British freshwater fish, with a description of the pathology caused byParadilepis scolecina
Authors: Williams C.F. , Reading A.J. , Scholz T. , Shinn A.P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLarvae of the cyclophyllidean tapewormsParadilepis scolecina(Rudolphi, 1819),Neogryporhynchus cheilancristrotus(Wedl, 1855) andValipora campylancristrota(Wedl, 1855), are described from British freshwater fish. The morphometrics of the rostellar hooks, infection characteristics and host ranges of these parasites from fisheries in England and Wales are presented. Difficulties in the detection, handling and identification of these tapeworms are highlighted, and may in part explain the paucity of records from Britain. Tissue digestion was shown to be a useful technique for the examination of these parasites, providing clear and consistent preparations of the rostellar hooks for measurement. The pathological changes caused byP. scolecinato the liver of wild tench,Tinca tinca, are detailed for the first time. Tapeworms located in the hepatic parenchyma and pancreatic tissues caused little pathological damage and invoked only mild inflammatory responses. The small size of these tapeworms and their encapsulation within host tissues appear to limit the severity of pathology, compared with parasites that insert their rostellum during attachment.
Primary cervical tracheal monophasic synovial sarcoma confirmed by SYT–SSX gene rearrangement
Authors: Corrales C E , Berry G , Damrose E J 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:To review the existing diagnostic modalities and treatment for primary tracheal synovial sarcoma, and to report a case of primary cervical synovial sarcoma arising in the trachea.Design:Retrospective.Setting:Head and neck surgery unit at a tertiary university centre.Patient:One case of primary cervical tracheal monophasic synovial sarcoma diagnosed by SYT–SSX gene rearrangement.Intervention:This patient underwent surgical resection of the synovial sarcoma, together with tracheal resection and primary anastomosis assisted by laryngeal-releasing manoeuvres, without complication.Main outcome measures:Clinical, radiographical, pathological and surgical information were collected.Result:One year post-operatively, there was no evidence of recurrence.Conclusion:Synovial sarcoma arising in the trachea is very rare. Diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating the SYT–SSX gene rearrangement. The first-line treatment is surgery.
Transoral laser microsurgery outcomes with early glottic cancer: the Dalhousie University experience
Authors: Lester S E , Rigby M H , Taylor S M 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:To report the results of transoral laser microsurgery for the treatment of early glottic cancer at our institution.Design:Cohort study. Retrospective review of charts of patients diagnosed with tumour stage 1 or 2 (early stage; no nodes or metastases), previously untreated, primary glottic cancer, treated with transoral laser microsurgery at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The minimum follow-up period was two years.Setting:Tertiary care head and neck cancer centre.Participants:Fifty-three patients treated between January 2002 and November 2007.Outcome measure:Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for disease-free survival, overall survival and laryngectomy-free survival, at five years.Results:The group comprised 46 men and seven women, with a mean age of 66 years (range 30–84 years). Mean follow up was 40 months (range 12–89 months). There were four cases of complications (7.5 per cent). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed a five-year disease-free survival (including salvage) of 96.2 per cent, a five-year overall survival (all causes) of 88.8 per cent and a five-year laryngectomy-free survival of 98.1 per cent.Conclusion:Transoral laser microsurgery is a safe and effective initial treatment for early laryngeal cancer, and has high rates of laryngeal preservation and disease-free survival.
Short term effect of hubble-bubble smoking on voice
Authors: Hamdan A-L , Sibai A , Mahfoud L , Oubari D , Ashkar J , Fuleihan N 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:To investigate the short term effect of hubble-bubble smoking on voice.Study design:Prospective study.Material:Eighteen non-dysphonic subjects (seven men and 11 women) with a history of hubble-bubble smoking and no history of cigarette smoking underwent acoustic analysis and laryngeal video-stroboscopic examination before and 30 minutes after hubble-bubble smoking.Results:On laryngeal video-stroboscopy, none of the subjects had vocal fold erythema either before or after smoking. Five patients had mild vocal fold oedema both before and after smoking. After smoking, there was a slight increase in the number of subjects with thick mucus between the vocal folds (six, vs four before smoking) and with vocal fold vessel dilation (two, vs one before smoking). Acoustic analysis indicated a drop in habitual pitch, fundamental frequency and voice turbulence index after smoking, and an increase in noise-to-harmonics ratio.Conclusion:Even 30 minutes of hubble-bubble smoking can cause a drop in vocal pitch and an increase in laryngeal secretions and vocal fold vasodilation.
Pilot evaluation of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Food-O-Meter, a computer-tailored nutrition advice for adolescents: a study in six European cities
Authors: Maes Lea , Cook Tina Louisa , Ottovaere Charlene , Matthijs Christophe , Moreno Luis A , Kersting Mathilde , Papadaki Alina , Manios Yannis , Dietrich Sabine , Hallström Lena , Haerens Leen , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Vereecken Carine 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and impact of the Food-O-Meter, an Internet-based computer-tailored nutrition intervention in adolescents.DesignParticipants in the intervention condition received the computer-tailored advice at baseline and at 1 month, those in the control condition received standardised advice. Effects were evaluated at 1 month (n 621) and at 3 months (n 558) using multi-level modelling.SettingSecondary schools in six European cities. Adolescents accessed the intervention in the school computer room under the supervision of teachers.SubjectsClasses with students aged 12–17 years in the schools participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) cross-sectional study were randomised into intervention and control schools.ResultsIn most participating centres the intervention was feasible and generally well appreciated, especially by girls. Technical problems and lack of motivation of the teachers hindered implementation in some centres. Overweight adolescents had higher scores for reading and using the advice than normal weight adolescents. After 1 month adolescents receiving the standardised advice reported an increase in fat intake, while fat intake in the intervention condition was stable (F = 4·82, P < 0·05). After 3 months, there was a trend in the total group for an intervention effect of the tailored advice on fat intake (F = 2·80, P < 0·10). In the overweight group there was a clear positive effect (F = 5·76, P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe Food-O-Meter should be developed further. The results were modest but clear for percentage energy from fat, specifically in the overweight group. Adaptations based on new research are needed to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of the intervention.
Regional and socio-economic differences in food, nutrient and supplement intake in school-age children in Germany: results from the GINIplus and the LISAplus studies
Authors: Sausenthaler Stefanie , Standl Marie , Buyken Anette , Rzehak Peter , Koletzko Sibylle , Bauer Carl Peter , Schaaf Beate , von Berg Andrea , Berdel Dietrich , Borte Michael , Herbarth Olf , Lehmann Irina , Krämer Ursula , Wichmann H-Erich , Heinrich Joachim 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe regional differences between eastern and western Germany with regard to food, nutrient and supplement intake in 9–12-year-old children, and analyse its association with parental education and equivalent income.DesignData were obtained from the 10-year follow-up of the two prospective birth cohort studies – GINIplus and LISAplus. Data on food consumption and supplement intake were collected using an FFQ, which had been designed for the specific study population. Information on parental educational level and equivalent income was derived from questionnaires. Logistic regression modelling was used to analyse the effect of parental education, equivalent income and region on food intake, after adjusting for potential confounders.SettingGermany.SubjectsA total of 3435 children aged 9–12 years.ResultsSubstantial regional differences in food intake were observed between eastern and western Germany. Intakes of bread, butter, eggs, pasta, vegetables/salad and fruit showed a significant direct relationship with the level of parental education after adjusting for potential confounders, whereas intakes of margarine, meat products, pizza, desserts and soft drinks were inversely associated with parental education. Equivalent income had a weaker influence on the child's food intake.ConclusionsNutritional education programmes for school-age children should therefore account for regional differences and parental education.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography Data with Morpho+
Authors: Brabant Loes , Vlassenbroeck Jelle , De Witte Yoni , Cnudde Veerle , Boone Matthieu N. , Dewanckele Jan , Van Hoorebeke Luc 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) analysis is an essential tool to obtain quantitative results from 3D datasets. Considerable progress has been made in 3D imaging techniques, resulting in a growing need for more flexible, complete analysis packages containing advanced algorithms. At the Centre for X-ray Tomography of the Ghent University (UGCT), research is being done on the improvement of both hardware and software for high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT). UGCT collaborates with research groups from different disciplines, each having specific needs. To meet these requirements the analysis software package, Morpho+, was developed in-house. Morpho+ contains an extensive set of high-performance 3D operations to obtain object segmentation, separation, and parameterization (orientation, maximum opening, equivalent diameter, sphericity, connectivity, etc.), or to extract a 3D geometrical representation (surface mesh or skeleton) for further modeling. These algorithms have a relatively short processing time when analyzing large datasets. Additionally, Morpho+ is equipped with an interactive and intuitive user interface in which the results are visualized. The package allows scientists from various fields to obtain the necessary quantitative results when applying high-resolution X-ray CT as a research tool to the nondestructive investigation of the microstructure of materials.
Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction Techniques to Quenched and Partitioned Steels
Authors: Thomas Grant , Speer John , Matlock David , Michael Joseph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were used to characterize “hot-rolled” quenched and partitioned microstructures produced via Gleeble thermal simulations representing a hot-strip cooling practice for steel. In particular, EBSD was utilized to positively identify the morphology and location of retained austenite, to qualitatively distinguish martensite from ferrite, and in an attempt to identify transition carbides. Large pools of retained austenite and some thin films were accurately indexed; however, there was some disparity between austenite volume fractions measured by EBSD and those measured by X-ray diffraction. Due to similarities between the crystal structures of martensite and ferrite (body centered tetragonal versus body centered cubic, respectively), martensite could not be distinguished from ferrite by indexing of diffraction patterns; however, martensite could qualitatively be distinguished from ferrite by regions of low image quality based on the very high dislocation density of martensite.
Increased Yield of Bread Containing Citrus Peel Fiber
Authors: Miller Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBread yield is economically important to commercial bakers. Flour was replaced with 2.5% citrus peel fiber or 0.23% pectin. Pectin increased water absorption by 0.6% in the farinograph, 2% in the mixograph, and 4% in baking. Citrus peel fiber had a greater effect, increasing water absorption by 6.5% in the farinograph, 7% in the mixograph, 6.4% in the mixolab, and 10% in baking. Citrus peel fiber strengthened dough while pectin had a weakening effect. Loaves containing citrus peel fiber had decreased loaf volume but crumb grain characteristics similar to control loaves. Pectin did not affect loaf volume but had a deleterious effect on the crumb grain. Neither citrus peel fiber nor pectin affected bread firming. Citrus peel fiber increased loaf weight by increasing water absorption, indicating that low levels of citrus peel fiber in the bread formula is an effective way to increase bread yield.
Chemical signatures of the Anthropocene in the Clyde estuary, UK: sediment-hosted Pb,
207/206
Pb, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records
Authors: Vane C. H. , Chenery S. R. , Harrison I. , Kim A. W. , Moss-Hayes V. , Jones D. G. 
Published: January 2011

The sediment concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Pb and
207/206
Pb isotope ratios were measured in seven cores from the middle Clyde estuary (Scotland, UK) with an aim of tracking the late Anthropocene. Concentrations of TPHs ranged from 34 to 4386 mg kg
−1
, total PAHs from 19 to 16 163
μ
g kg
−1
and total PCBs between less than 4.3 to 1217
μ
g kg
−1
. Inventories, distributions and isomeric ratios of the organic pollutants were used to reconstruct pollutant histories. Pre-Industrial Revolution and modern non-polluted sediments were characterized by low TPH and PAH values as well as high relative abundance of biogenic-sourced phenanthrene and naphthalene. The increasing industrialization of the Clyde gave rise to elevated PAH concentrations and PAH isomeric ratios characteristic of both grass/wood/coal and petroleum and combustion (specifically petroleum combustion). Overall, PAHs had the longest history of any of the organic contaminants. Increasing TPH concentrations and a concomitant decline in PAHs mirrored the lessening of coal use and increasing reliance on petroleum fuels from about the 1950s. Thereafter, declining hydrocarbon pollution was followed by the onset (1950s), peak (1965–1977) and decline (post-1980s) in total PCB concentrations. Lead concentrations ranged from 6 to 631 mg kg
−1
, while
207/206
Pb isotope ratios spanned 0.838–0.876, indicative of various proportions of ‘background’, British ore/coal and Broken Hill type petrol/industrial lead. A chronology was established using published Pb isotope data for aerosol-derived Pb and applied to the cores.
CD20 expression predicts survival in paediatric post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) following solid organ transplantation
Authors: Orjuela Manuela A. , Alobeid Bachir , Liu Xinhua , Siebert Aisha L. , Kott Emily R. , Addonizio Linda J. , Morris Erin , Garvin James H. , Lobritto Steven J. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe prognostic role of CD20 expression and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity in post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after solid organ transplantation (SOT) in paediatric patients is poorly understood. We retrospectively examined the relationship of CD20 and EBV with the time interval from SOT to PTLD diagnosis, and PTLD‐related event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in 45 consecutive PTLD patients (≤25 years) following SOT. These 45 paediatric SOT patients (28 heart, 11 liver, six kidney) were diagnosed with PTLD 45 months (mean; SD 43; range 4–153; median 24·5) after SOT, with PTLD diagnosis at 118 months (mean) (SD 77; range 14–287) of age. Of 40 evaluable tumours (11 monomorphic, 19 polymorphic, five early lesions, five rare subtypes), 32 (80%) had detectable EBV and 28 (70%) were classified as CD20+. Patients whose PTLD expressed CD20 or EBV had shorter intervals between SOT and PTLD onset (28 vs. 64 or 77 months for CD20 and EBV respectively) (P < 0·02), even after adjusting for age at SOT. Patients with CD20+ tumours had higher 5‐year PTLD‐related EFS (83·7% vs. 28·6%, P < 0·001) and OS (95·8% vs. 56·3%, P = 0·01). EBV expression was unrelated to PTLD‐related EFS or OS. CD20 expression is associated with timing of development of PTLD and predicts survival in PTLD diagnosed following paediatric SOT.