bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological and behavioural aspects in children and adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening: comparison between parents' and children's perceptions
Authors: Bisacchi Nicoletta , Bal Milva Orquidea , Nardi Laura , Bettocchi Ilaria , D'Addabbo Graziana , Conti Veronica , Monti Sara , D'Alberton Franco , Cicognani Alessandro , Cassio Alessandra 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveTo compare the psychological adjustment and behaviour of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) children and their parents with a control group.Study designA cross-sectional study was carried out with 84 CH subjects diagnosed by neonatal screening (range 2.7–18.6 years), subdivided into four age groups: group 1 (2–5 years); group 2 (6–10 years); group 3 (11–13 years); and group 4 (14–18 years) and was compared with an age-matched control group. Patients were assessed using two questionnaires: Child Behaviour Checklist for parents and Youth Self-Report for children over 11 years of age.ResultsIn groups 1, 3 and 4, total score (TS), internalising score (IS=problems within the self) and externalising score (ES=conflicts with other people) as reported by parents were not significantly different in CH patients and in controls. In group 2, parents of CH children showed values of TS (P<0.05), IS (P<0.05), ES (P<0.05) and scores on other scales significantly higher than controls. In self-reports of groups 3 and 4, the behavioural scales were not significantly different in CH patients and in controls.ConclusionsPaediatricians should be informed about the increased risk of the development of behavioural problems at primary school age in CH patients. At this age special attention should be paid to parental worries and anxiety. However, it can be reassuring for the patients and parents to know that the problems may be related to CH, and that they may spontaneously disappear.
Cardiovascular risk, metabolic profile, and body composition in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Filipsson Nyström Helena , Wedell Anna , Thorén Marja 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveLifelong glucocorticoid therapy in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) or the disease per se may result in increased cardiovascular risk. We therefore investigated cardiovascular and metabolic risk profiles in adult CAH males.Subjects and methodsWe compared CAH males (n=30), 19–67 years old, with age- and sex-matched controls (n=32). Subgroups of different ages (<30 years or older) and CYP21A2 genotypes (null, I2splice, and I172N as the mildest mutation) were studied. Anthropometry, fat and lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, lipids, liver function tests, homocysteine, lipoprotein-(a), glucose and insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), urine albumin, adrenal hormones, and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure measurements were studied.ResultsCAH males were shorter. Waist/hip ratio and fat mass were higher in older patients and the I172N group. Heart rate was faster in older patients, the I2splice, and I172N groups. Insulin levels were increased during OGTT in all patients and in the I172N group. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was increased in older patients and in the I172N group. Testosterone was lower in older patients. Homocysteine was lower in younger patients, which may be cardioprotective. The cardiovascular risk seemed higher with hydrocortisone/cortisone acetate than prednisolone. Urinary epinephrine was lower in all groups of patients except in I172N.ConclusionsIndications of increased risk were found in CAH males ≥30 years old and in the I172N group. In contrast, younger CAH males did not differ from age-matched controls. This is likely to reflect a better management in recent years.
Changes in Selective Effects Over Time Facilitate Turnover of Enhancer Sequences
Authors: Bullaughey Kevin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCorrect gene expression is often critical and consequently stabilizing selection on expression is widespread. Yet few genes possess highly conserved regulatory DNA, and for the few enhancers that have been carefully characterized, substantial functional reorganization has often occurred. Given that natural selection removes mutations of even very small deleterious effect, how can transcription factor binding evolve so readily when it underlies a conserved phenotype? As a first step toward addressing this question, I combine a computational model for regulatory function that incorporates many aspects of our present biological knowledge with a model for the fitness effects of misexpression. I then use this model to study the evolution of enhancers. Several robust behaviors emerge: First, the selective effects of mutations at a site change dramatically over time due to substitutions elsewhere in the enhancer, and even the overall degree of constraint across the enhancer can change considerably. Second, many of the substitutions responsible for changes in binding occur at sites where previously the mutation would have been strongly deleterious, suggesting that fluctuations in selective effects at a site are important for functional turnover. Third, most substitutions contributing to the repatterning of binding and constraint are effectively neutral, highlighting the importance of genetic drift—even for enhancers underlying conserved phenotypes. These findings have important implications for phylogenetic inference of function and for interpretations of selection coefficients estimated for regulatory DNA.
Inferences About the Distribution of Dominance Drawn From Yeast Gene Knockout Data
Authors: Agrawal Aneil F , Whitlock Michael C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Data from several thousand knockout mutations in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were used to estimate the distribution of dominance coefficients. We propose a new unbiased likelihood approach to measuring dominance coefficients. On average, deleterious mutations are partially recessive, with a mean dominance coefficient ∼0.2. Alleles with large homozygous effects are more likely to be more recessive than are alleles of weaker effect. Our approach allows us to quantify, for the first time, the substantial variance and skew in the distribution of dominance coefficients. This heterogeneity is so great that many population genetic processes analyses based on the mean dominance coefficient alone will be in substantial error. These results are applied to the debate about various mechanisms for the evolution of dominance, and we conclude that they are most consistent with models that depend on indirect selection on homeostatic gene expression or on the ability to perform well under periods of high demand for a protein.
Evaluating Catch, Effort, and Bag Limits on Directed Trips in the Recreational Summer Flounder Party Boat Fishery
Authors: Bochenek Eleanor A. , Powell Eric N. , DePersenaire John , King Sarah E. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus is one of the most sought-after recreational fish along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. This fishery is primarily a consumptive fishery. The stock has been successfully rebuilding but remains below statutory rebuilding goals. Managers accordingly have restrained the annual quota primarily by increasing size limits, with a resulting increase in discard mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new approaches to bag and size limits that minimize discard mortality while increasing angler satisfaction within the constraints of promulgated catch quotas. Three alternative management scenarios (slot limit, reduced minimum size, and cumulative size scenarios) were tested on party boats from New Jersey and New York. Total catch (by number) was lowest for control fishing trips (2006 state regulation) and higher for all three experimental scenarios because the experimental scenarios resulted in a greater number of kept fish. Discard-to-catch ratio (by fish weight and number) was highest for control trips, and landings (by weight and number) were lowest for the control scenario. Recreational fishermen operating under the reduced minimum size and cumulative size scenarios kept the most fish; these scenarios had the lowest discard-to-catch ratios. The slot limit scenario was intermediate in the discard-to-catch ratio and also in the number of kept fish. All three alternative management scenarios resulted in landing more fish under a biomass-neutral fishery to retain catch within allocation limits. Relative to 2006 legal conditions, the alternative scenarios produced proportional increases in landings by a factor of 1.75 to 2.09, while reducing discard mortality by 41–63% and maintaining the same total fishing mortality (landings plus discards) by weight.
Response: Heller's “In Praise of Amateurism: A Friendly Critique of Moje's ‘Call for Change’ in Secondary Literacy”
Authors: Moje Elizabeth Birr 
Published: November 2010

Elizabeth Birr Moje responds to Heller's critique.[Notes. Find Moje's original commentary, along with a link to an explanatory podcast, at http:dx.doi.org10.1598JAAL.52.2.1. See also Heller's critique at http:dx.doi.org10.1598JAAL.54.4.4 and continuing discussion on Heller's blog at http:literacyforamateurs.blogspot.com.]
National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska Core Workshop 2001
Authors: Houseknecht David W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The North Slope of Alaska has re-emerged as one of the most active exploration provinces in the United States. Recent exploration successes, economic benefits of applying innovative exploration and production technologies, evolving industry demographics, rising oil and natural gas prices, and the anticipation that North Slope natural gas resources may become economically viable and marketable through a planned pipeline have stimulated a renewed intensity in leasing and exploration activity. Until recently, this activity was focused mostly on State lands and waters, as well as the Federal offshore immediately adjacent to the State-Federal boundary.
The 1994 discovery of the Alpine field (&gt;400 mmbo reserves) on the Colville River delta and the production performance of the nearby Tarn field (&gt;70 mmbo reserves) stimulated exploration interest in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (NPRA). Consequently, a lease sale was held in eastern NPRA in May 1999, the first onshore Federal lease sale on the North Slope in 15 years. Of approximately 4 million acres offered in that lease sale, more than 867,000 acres were leased for nearly $105 million in total successful bids. Three wells were drilled on NPRA leases during the winter 2000 season and many more are planned for drilling during the winter 2001 season. Results of the winter 2000 exploration drilling remain proprietary.
The focus of NPRA exploration appears to include both structural and stratigraphic obj ectives that may include strata spanning much of the stratigraphic column. The purpose of the core workshop is to provide an opportunity to examine
Sequence Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Beaufortian Strata (Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous) In The National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska (Npra)
Authors: Houseknecht David W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Beaufortian strata (Jurassic - earliest Cretaceous) in NPRA have become a focus of exploration since the 1994 discovery of the nearby Alpine oil field. Interpretation of sequence stratigraphy and depositional facies from a regional 2-D seismic grid and well data has resulted in the definition of four major depositional sequences that each display unique stratal geometries and thickness trends across NPRA.
Sequence K1 (Lower-Middle Jurassic) accumulated in a depocenter in northcenteral NPRA. Constituent depositional sequences include lowstand (LST), transgressive (TST), and highstand (HST) systems tracts. Sequence K2 (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) is a composite of higher-order depositional sequences that each reflects a forced regression, which caused widespread erosion across northcentral NPRA and accumulation of the derived sediment at the shelf margin in lowstand systems tracts. Subsequent flooding of the shelf resulted in deposition of transgressive systems tracts that commonly include well-winnowed, upper shoreface sandstones capped by a condensed section of fissile shale, forming good stratigraphic trapping potential. Sequence K3 (Valanginian) displays relatively distal facies character, suggesting high relative sea level during most of the depositional history. An important exception is the presence of a transgressive systems tract at the base of K3 that contains winnowed, shoreface sandstones. Sequence K4 (Hauterivian) is a shelf-margin wedge that developed as the result of tectonic uplift along the Barrow Arch. It comprises lowstand and transgressive systems tracts that display stratal geometries suggesting dynamic incision and synsedimentary collapse of the shelf margin.
Cores of Beaufortian strata from NPRA exploration wells display a variety of key stratigraphic surfaces and depositional facies. When integrated with the regional grid of public domain seismic data, these provide a unique opportunity for interpreting the sequence stratigraphy and depositional systems oil-prospective strata in a frontier province.
Stratigraphy and Lithofacies of Lisburne Group Carbonate Rocks (Carboniferous – Permian) in the National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska
Authors: Dumoulin Julie A. , Bird Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Carbonate rocks of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) occur widely throughout northern Alaska. In the NPRA, seismic mapping and well penetrations show that the Lisburne occurs throughout the subsurface except in northernmost NPRA where it is missing by depositional onlap. Lisburne strata encountered in 11 exploratory wells in the northern part of the NPRA are essentially undeformed, consist of limestone and lesser dolostone, sandstone, siltstone, and shale, encompass a wide array of chiefly shallow-water facies, and range in age from Early Mississippian to Permian. Basins and platforms that formed during Mississippian (and possibly Devonian) time greatly affected depositional patterns of the Lisburne. Total thickness of the Lisburne in northern NPRA wells varies from almost 4000 ft in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat Basin to 300 ft on the north edge of the Fish Creek Platform. Lisburne strata of Mississippian age are found in northeastern NPRA, comprise three subunits (lower limestone, middle dolostone, and upper limestone) and are oldest (Osagean) in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat Basin. All wells that penetrated the Lisburne in northern NPRA encountered rocks of Pennsylvanian age; these intervals are mainly limestone and characterized by decameter-scale shallowing-upward sequences. Lisburne sections of prob-able Early-middle Permian age range from thin (≤60 ft) intervals of dolostone and limestone in the Fish Creek Platform area to thick (500-1000 ft) successions of interbedded limestone and siliciclastic sediment in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat Basin and northwestern NPRA. Abundant non-carbonate detritus, primarily quartz and chert with locally notable plagioclase feldspar and metamorphic lithic clasts, occurs throughout the Lisburne Group in northern NPRA. Per-mian strata and a persistent non-carbonate detrital component are also seen in the Lisburne in subsurface beneath the Chukchi Sea (Hanna Trough) to the northwest, but are not found in Lisburne successions elsewhere in Alaska.
Stacked Island Facies in Tansill Outer-Shelf Platform, Dark Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico
Authors: Mazzullo S. J. , Bischoff W. D. , Hedrick C. L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Tansill Formation (Permian, Guadalupian) comprises the youngest back-reef platform facies of the Capitan Reef in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas (Fig. 1). Here the Tansill is divided into "outer-shelf" and "shelf-crest" facies which pass landward into coeval bedded evaporites and sandstones (Pray, 1977; Mazzullo and Hedrick, 1985). The shelf-crest facies, consisting of peritidal dolomites with conspicuous pisolites, tepees, and some sandstones, is interpreted as a linear, low-lying island complex situated 1.6 km (1 mile) landward of the Capitan Reef (Pray, 1977; Mazzullo and Hedrick, 1985). It is therefore analogous to other island complexes of the Tansill in the subsurface (Ordonez, 1984) as well as to modern outer-shelf islands in Belize (Mazzullo and Reid, 1986). The outer-shelf facies consists mainly of biograins tones and, locally, patch-reefs deposited in shallow, high-energy environments (Mazzullo and Hedrick, 1985). Outcrops in an abandoned quarry near the mouth of Dark Canyon include spectacular exposures of stacked island deposits in the outer-shelf facies tract of the middle Tansill platform (Fig. 2A and B). These exposures lie within 0.8 km (0.5 miles) of the subsurface Capitan Reef shelf margin and are physically separated from contiguous shelf-crest facies (Fig. 2D). The occurrence of these islands is of particular significance in interpreting the depositional history of the Tansill platform, and their study provides critical information on sedimentation and diagenesis as they are related to relative sea-level fluctuations.
Depositional Facies and Cycles in Yates Formation Outcrops, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico
Authors: Borer J. M. , Harris P. M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Four outcrops in the Guadalupe Mountains are investigated in order to evaluate two current models that describe the depositional setting of siltstones and sandstones in the Upper Guadalupian, Yates Formation. The outcrops are described and placed in their relative position along a dip-oriented cross section that is representative of the Yates Formation on the Northwest Shelf. Facies relations and cyclic stratigraphic sequences suggest that the siliciclastics were transported across a very shallow to subaerially exposed shelf during eustatic sea-level low stands and were trapped on the shelf during subsequent sea-level rises. Clastics near the shelf margin were reworked during the sea-level rises.
Shallow Marine Sheet Sandstones, Upper Yates Formation, Northwest Shelf, Delaware Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Candelaria Magell P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Numerous studies have documented the lateral and vertical facies sequences of the Guadalupian-age Capitan-proximal carbonates of the Yates and Tansill formations on the Northwest Shelf of the Delaware Basin, New Mexico (Dunham, 1972; Hurley, 1978; Smith, 1974; Neese and Schwartz, 1977; Pray and Esteban, 1977). However, in contrast, relatively few detailed sedimentologic studies of the less abundant siliciclastic units that are interbedded with the shelf carbonates have been reported (Smith, 1974; Candelaria, 1982, 1983, 1988; Thorkelson, 1983). The lack of sedimentologic studies of the shelf sandstones has been due, no doubt, to the notable, and disconcerting apparent widespread, absence of visible primary stratification and bedforms indicative of physical processes and depositional environment. As a result, most interpretations of the shelf sandstone depositional environment have been made a priori and have remained largely unchallenged and unverified.
Candelaria (1982, 1983, 1988) described the sedimentological characteristics and lateral facies distribution of the upper two siliciclastic intervals of the Yates Formation as exposed along the outermost 5 km of the Northwest Shelf in the southeastern Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico (Fig. 1). The two upper Yates sandstones are continuously traceable across the study area and well beyond (east) into the subsurface. The lateral continuity and uniformity of interval thickness on depositional strike is remarkable as is the absence of channeling within the sands or incisement into the subjacent carbonate units.
Facies Mosaic of the Lower Seven Rivers Formation, Mckittrick Canyon, New Mexico
Authors: Hurley Neil F. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper summarizes a detailed investigation of the sedimentology and stratigraphic setting of the lower Seven Rivers Formation in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico (Hurley, 1978). Work is confined to superb exposures in North McKittrick Canyon of a lateral facies transition from bedded shelf carbonates and siliciclastic sediments to the massive facies of the lower Capitan Limestone. The major research questions addressed are:
1. What depositional processes and environments characterize the complex facies mosaic of the lower Seven Rivers Formation and the shelfward edge of the lower Capitan Limestone?
2. Did the shelf-to-basin profile in earliest Capitan time differ from later Capitan times (Yates and Tansill) where this transition has been more thoroughly studied?
3. What is the nature of the Seven Rivers to Capitan facies transition, and what does this transition imply as to growth rate of the early Capitan?
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Shattuck Member (Queen Formation) and Lowermost Seven Rivers Formation (Guadalupian), North Mckittrick and Dog Canyons, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and West Texas
Authors: Wheeler Christopher 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Permian Basin Complex is characterized by a prograding and aggrading shelf-marginal megafacies which is flanked by a shelf megafacies and a basinal megafacies. Guadalupian units of the shelf-marginal megafacies are the Goat Seep Dolomite and the younger, overlying Capitan Limestone. Shelf strata equivalent to these shelf-marginal units comprise the Artesia Group. The subdivisions of the Artesia Group are the Grayburg, Queen, Seven Rivers, Yates, and Tansill formations. In the Grayburg, Seven Rivers, and Tansill, a broad band of shelf carbonates separates the shelf-margin megafacies from bedded evaporites and evaporite-bearing carbonates further shelfward (Fig. 1). Similar rocks and relationships occur in the Queen and Yates, but, in addition, the Queen and Yates contain several siliciclastic intervals which extend like sheets across the shelf and up to the shelf margin. The Shattuck is one of these siliciclastic intervals. The origin of the siliciclastic intervals is still controversial, some workers advocating predominantly subaqueous transport over a submerged shelf, while others argue for predominantly eolian transport during low sea stands.
Goat Seep - Precursor to the Capitan
Authors: Crawford G. Allan 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The Goat Seep Dolomite, which immediately underlies the Capitan Limestone, constitutes the lower third of the Guadalupian shelf-margin interval and formed the first large, high-angle, reef-like carbonate unit in the Permian Reef Complex of West Texas and New Mexico. The Goat Seep Dolomite and the Capitan Limestone are similar in that both consist predominantly of inclined strata deposited on a high-relief shelf margin with a steep edge of 25° to 30°, and both can be divided into three similar facies: a shelf-edge or reef facies, a high-angle foreslope, and a low-angle toe-of-slope facies. Shelf-to-basin relief ranged from about 250 m at the beginning of Goat Seep time to 600 m at the end of Capitan time (Fig. 1). The dominant fossils in both are sponges. However, the Goat Seep is not simply an older Capitan, but differs significantly in aspects of morphology, mineralogy, fossils, and cements. Compared to the Capitan, the Goat Seep (1) is largely dolomite; whereas, the Capitan is primarily limestone; (2) has a much thinner to absent shelf-edge or "massive" facies; (3) contains little or no skeletal boundstone, algae, or the problematic organism Tubiphytes, which are common in much of the Capitan (particularly the Upper Capitan); and (4) contains less coarse-fibrous and interparticle cement, interpreted to have an early marine origin.
The major similarities and differences between the Goat Seep and the Capitan formations are discussed below and are summarized in Figure 2. Most of the information on the Capitan comes from the work of Babcock (1974, 1977) and Yurewicz (1976, 1977). Data on the Goat Seep are largely from Crawford (1981).