bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from a cDNA library of the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Luo Hongmei , Sun Chao , Song Jingyuan , Lan Jin , Li Ying , Li Xiwen , Chen Shilin 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Little genomic or trancriptomic information on Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) is known. This study aims to discover the transcripts involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and developmental regulation of G. lucidum using an expressed sequence tag (EST) library.

Methods
A cDNA library was constructed from the G. lucidum fruiting body. Its high-quality ESTs were assembled into unique sequences with contigs and singletons. The unique sequences were annotated according to sequence similarities to genes or proteins available in public databases. The detection of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) was preformed by online analysis.

Results
A total of 1,023 clones were randomly selected from the G. lucidum library and sequenced, yielding 879 high-quality ESTs. These ESTs showed similarities to a diverse range of genes. The sequences encoding squalene epoxidase (SE) and farnesyl-diphosphate synthase (FPS) were identified in this EST collection. Several candidate genes, such as hydrophobin, MOB2, profilin and PHO84 were detected for the first time in G. lucidum. Thirteen (13) potential SSR-motif microsatellite loci were also identified.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates a successful application of EST analysis in the discovery of transcripts involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the developmental regulation of G. lucidum.
A case of pseudohyperkalemia in a patient presenting with leucocytosis and high potassium level: a Case Report
Authors: Kim Alice , Biteman Benjamin , Malik Umer F , Siddique Shahzad , Martin Mersadies R , Ali Syed A , Maboud Nadeem , Raja Sabiya , Zachry Alison , Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Pseudohyperkalemia can appear in a variety of settings and should be recognized early. Treatment of pseudohyperkalemia can lead to an inappropriate decrease of actual serum potassium levels which may lead to life threatening conditions. In the case presented, an 81-year-old male presented with massive leucocytosis and an extremely elevated potassium level. This case report emphasizes the importance of recognizing pseudohyperkalemia in a patient with a severely increased potassium and WBC level; such patients may be clinically asymptomatic or may have a normal ECG.
Couples' voluntary counselling and testing and nevirapine use in antenatal clinics in two African capitals: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Conkling Martha , Shutes Erin L , Karita Etienne , Chomba Elwyn , Tichacek Amanda , Sinkala Moses , Vwalika Bellington , Iwanowski Melissa , Allen Susan A 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundWith the accessibility of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services in sub‐Saharan Africa, more women are being tested for HIV in antenatal care settings. Involving partners in the counselling and testing process could help prevent horizontal and vertical transmission of HIV. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of couples' voluntary counseling and testing (CVCT) in antenatal care and to measure compliance with PMTCT.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted over eight months at two public antenatal clinics in Kigali, Rwanda, and Lusaka, Zambia. A convenience sample of 3625 pregnant women was enrolled. Of these, 1054 women were lost to follow up. The intervention consisted of same‐day individual voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) and weekend CVCT; HIV‐positive participants received nevirapine tablets. In Kigali, nevirapine syrup was provided in the labour and delivery ward; in Lusaka, nevirapine syrup was supplied in pre‐measured single‐dose syringes. The main outcome measures were nurse midwife‐recorded deliveries and reported nevirapine use.ResultsIn eight months, 1940 women enrolled in Kigali (984 VCT, 956 CVCT) and 1685 women enrolled in Lusaka (1022 VCT, 663 CVCT). HIV prevalence was 14% in Kigali, and 27% in Lusaka. Loss to follow up was more common in Kigali than Lusaka (33% vs. 24%, p = 0.000). In Lusaka, HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women had significantly different loss‐to‐follow‐up rates (30% vs. 22%, p = 0.002). CVCT was associated with reduced loss to follow up: in Kigali, 31% of couples versus 36% of women testing alone (p = 0.011); and in Lusaka, 22% of couples versus 25% of women testing alone (p = 0.137). Among HIV‐positive women with follow up, CVCT had no impact on nevirapine use (86‐89% in Kigali; 78‐79% in Lusaka).ConclusionsWeekend CVCT, though new, was feasible in both capital cities. The beneficial impact of CVCT on loss to follow up was significant, while nevirapine compliance was similar in women tested alone or with their partners. Pre‐measured nevirapine syrup syringes provided flexibility to HIV‐positive mothers in Lusaka, but may have contributed to study loss to follow up. These two prevention interventions remain a challenge, with CVCT still operating without supportive government policy in Zambia.
Alveolar fluid clearance in healthy pigs and influence of positive end-expiratory pressure
Authors: García-Delgado Manuel , Touma-Fernández Ángel , Chamorro-Marín Virginia , Ruiz-Aguilar Antonio , Aguilar-Alonso Eduardo , Fernández-Mondéjar Enrique 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
The objectives were to characterize alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in pigs with normal lungs and to analyze the effect of immediate application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).

Methods
Animals (n = 25) were mechanically ventilated and divided into four groups: small edema (SE) group, producing pulmonary edema (PE) by intratracheal instillation of 4 ml/kg of saline solution; small edema with PEEP (SE + PEEP) group, same as previous but applying PEEP of 10 cmH2O; large edema (LE) group, producing PE by instillation of 10 ml/kg of saline solution; and large edema with PEEP (LE + PEEP) group, same as LE group but applying PEEP of 10 cmH2O. AFC was estimated from differences in extravascular lung water values obtained by transpulmonary thermodilution method.

Results
At one hour, AFC was 19.4% in SE group and 18.0% in LE group. In the SE + PEEP group, the AFC rate was higher at one hour than at subsequent time points and higher than in the SE group (45.4% vs. 19.4% at one hour, P < 0.05). The AFC rate was also significantly higher in the LE + PEEP than in the LE group at three hours and four hours.

Conclusions
In this pig model, the AFC rate is around 20% at one hour and around 50% at four hours, regardless of the amount of edema, and is increased by the application of PEEP.
Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pandharipande Pratik P , Sanders Robert D , Girard Timothy D , McGrane Stuart , Thompson Jennifer L , Shintani Ayumi K , Herr Daniel L , Maze Mervyn , Ely E Wesley ,   the MENDS investigators
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Benzodiazepines and α2 adrenoceptor agonists exert opposing effects on innate immunity and mortality in animal models of infection. We hypothesized that sedation with dexmedetomidine (an α2 adrenoceptor agonist), as compared with lorazepam (a benzodiazepine), would provide greater improvements in clinical outcomes among septic patients than among non-septic patients.

Methods
In this a priori-determined subgroup analysis of septic vs non-septic patients from the MENDS double-blind randomized controlled trial, adult medical/surgical mechanically ventilated patients were randomized to receive dexmedetomidine-based or lorazepam-based sedation for up to 5 days. Delirium and other clinical outcomes were analyzed comparing sedation groups, adjusting for clinically relevant covariates as well as assessing interactions between sedation group and sepsis.

Results
Of the 103 patients randomized, 63 (31 dexmedetomidine; 32 lorazepam) were admitted with sepsis and 40 (21 dexmedetomidine; 19 lorazepam) without sepsis. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups for both septic and non-septic patients. Compared with septic patients who received lorazepam, the dexmedetomidine septic patients had 3.2 more delirium/coma-free days (DCFD) on average (95% CI for difference, 1.1 to 4.9), 1.5 (-0.1, 2.8) more delirium-free days (DFD) and 6 (0.3, 11.1) more ventilator-free days (VFD). The beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine were more pronounced in septic patients than in non-septic patients for both DCFDs and VFDs (P-value for interaction = 0.09 and 0.02 respectively). Additionally, sedation with dexmedetomidine, compared with lorazepam, reduced the daily risk of delirium [OR, CI 0.3 (0.1, 0.7)] in both septic and non-septic patients (P-value for interaction = 0.94). Risk of dying at 28 days was reduced by 70% [hazard ratio 0.3 (0.1, 0.9)] in dexmedetomidine patients with sepsis as compared to the lorazepam patients; this reduction in death was not seen in non-septic patients (P-value for interaction = 0.11).

Conclusions
In this subgroup analysis, septic patients receiving dexmedetomidine had more days free of brain dysfunction and mechanical ventilation and were less likely to die than those that received a lorazepam-based sedation regimen. These results were more pronounced in septic patients than in non-septic patients. Prospective clinical studies and further preclinical mechanistic studies are needed to confirm these results.

Trial Registration
NCT00095251.
Characterizing regulatory path motifs in integrated networks using perturbational data
Authors: Joshi Anagha , Van Parys Thomas , Van de Peer Yves , Michoel Tom 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe introduce Pathicular http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/software/details/Pathicular, a Cytoscape plugin for studying the cellular response to perturbations of transcription factors by integrating perturbational expression data with transcriptional, protein-protein and phosphorylation networks. Pathicular searches for 'regulatory path motifs', short paths in the integrated physical networks which occur significantly more often than expected between transcription factors and their targets in the perturbational data. A case study in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies eight regulatory path motifs and demonstrates their biological significance.
Cell distribution after intracoronary bone marrow stem cell delivery in damaged and undamaged myocardium: implications for clinical trials
Authors: Forest Virginie F , Tirouvanziam Ashok M , Perigaud Christian , Fernandes Sarah , Fusellier Marion S , Desfontis Jean-Claude , Toquet Claire S , Heymann Marie-Françoise M , Crochet Dominique P , Lemarchand Patricia F 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Early randomized clinical trials of autologous bone marrow cardiac stem cell therapy have reported contradictory results highlighting the need for a better evaluation of protocol designs. This study was designed to quantify and compare whole body and heart cell distribution after intracoronary or peripheral intravenous injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model with late reperfusion.

Methods
Myocardial infarction was induced using balloon inflation in the left coronary artery in domestic pigs. At seven days post-myocardial infarction, 1 × 10(8) autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells were labeled with fluorescent marker and/or 99mTc radiotracer, and delivered using intracoronary or peripheral intravenous injection (leg vein).

Results
Scintigraphic analyses and Υ-emission radioactivity counting of harvested organs showed a significant cell fraction retained within the heart after intracoronary injection (6 ± 1.7% of injected radioactivity at 24 hours), whereas following peripheral intravenous cell injection, no cardiac homing was observed at 24 hours and cells were mainly detected within the lungs. Importantly, no difference was observed in the percentage of retained cells within the myocardium in the presence or absence of myocardial infarction. Histological evaluation did not show arterial occlusion in both animal groups and confirmed the presence of bone marrow mononuclear cells within the injected myocardium area.

Conclusions
Intravenous bone marrow mononuclear cell injection was ineffective to target myocardium. Myocardial cell distribution following intracoronary injection did not depend on myocardial infarction presence, a factor that could be useful for cardiac cell therapy in patients with chronic heart failure of non-ischemic origin or with ischemic myocardium without myocardial infarction.
Functional Promoter −1271G>C Variant of HSPB1 Predicts Lung Cancer Risk and Survival
Authors: Guo Huan , Bai Yun , Xu Ping , Hu Zhibin , Liu Li , Wang Fang , Jin Guangfu , Wang Feng , Deng Qifei , Tu Yixiao , Feng Maohui , Lu Daru , Shen Hongbing , Wu Tangchun 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27), encoded by HSPB1, plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis and cell survival and is reported to be an independent prognosis marker for cancer. We hypothesized that genetic variants of the HSPB1 gene may be associated with lung cancer susceptibility and survival. Patients and Methods We first resequenced the full-length HSPB1 gene and then genotyped three selected tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,152 paired Chinese lung cancer patient cases and controls. Another 500 paired patient cases and controls were used for replication. We also evaluated the roles of these tagSNPs in the overall survival of 248 patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and validated the results in another 335 patients with advanced NSCLC. The genotype-phenotype correlation was assessed in 309 workers with occupational exposure to polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as by luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting analysis. Results The −1271C allele was associated with a significantly increased lung cancer risk in the two independent patient case–control studies (P < .05 for both), but it conferred a favorable survival for patients with advanced NSCLC in two independent cohorts (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.66 and 0.75, respectively). The occupational PAH-exposed workers carrying the −1271C allele showed higher DNA damage levels than those with the −1271G allele (P = .027). Furthermore, the −1271C allele significantly decreased luciferase activity in four cell lines and resulted in lower Hsp27 expression levels in normal lung tissues when compared with −1271G allele (P < .05). Conclusion The functional HSPB1 promoter −1271G>C variant may affect lung cancer susceptibility and survival by modulating endogenous Hsp27 synthesis levels.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Everolimus in Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Doi Toshihiko , Muro Kei , Boku Narikazu , Yamada Yasuhide , Nishina Tomohiro , Takiuchi Hiroya , Komatsu Yoshito , Hamamoto Yasuo , Ohno Nobutsugu , Fujita Yoshie , Robson Matthew , Ohtsu Atsushi 
Published: March 2010

Purpose Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, has shown antitumor activity in gastric cancer in preclinical and phase I studies. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of everolimus in pretreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced gastric cancer who experienced progression despite prior chemotherapy received everolimus 10 mg orally daily until disease progression or study discontinuation. The primary end point was disease control rate (DCR; ie, complete response, partial response, or stable disease). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results Fifty-three patients were assessable (median age, 63 years; 51% and 49% received one or two prior chemotherapy regimens, respectively). Although no complete or partial response was obtained, a decrease in tumor size from baseline was observed in 45% of patients by central review. The DCR was 56.0% (95% CI, 41.3% to 70.0%); median PFS was 2.7 months (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.0 months). At a median follow-up time of 9.6 months, median OS was 10.1 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 12.1 months). Common grade 3 or 4 adverse events included anemia, hyponatremia, increased γ-glutamyltransferase, and lymphopenia. Grade 1 or 2 pneumonitis was reported in eight patients (15.1%). Conclusion Everolimus monotherapy resulted in a promising DCR in patients with previously treated advanced gastric cancer. Adverse events are consistent with the reported safety profile of everolimus. These results warrant further evaluation in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Towards a Reference Architecture for Regional Electricity MarketsEntwurf einer Referenzarchitektur für regionale Elektrizitätsmärkte
Authors: Beer Sebastian , Rüttinger Hannes , Bischofs Ludger , Appelrath Hans-Jürgen 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In the last few years, driving forces like political legislation, an increased use of renewable energy sources and a growing ecological awareness resulted in an advanced integration of distributed energy resources in the public power grid. The resulting change towards a decentralised power supply is expected to further continue in the coming years and requires a reorganization of the conventional market structures in order to meet the challenges as well as to exploit the potentials resulting from the new situation. In the following work we present a reference architecture for regional electricity markets which addresses this very issue. Besides a description of the general market design, a more detailed view of selected market players is provided.
Generic Legal Aspects of E-EnergyRechtsaspekte der E-Energy
Authors: Raabe Oliver , Lorenz Mieke , Schmelzer Knut 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show that information and communication technologies (ICT) play a central role in future energy supply systems. The paper at hand is concerned with legal use cases and practical problems regarding the so-called “Internet of Energy”. These issues are currently also under intense investigation within the framework of the interdisciplinary e-energy-program. The scenarios discussed in the paper are analysed in terms of their reconcilability with the prevailing law. Subsequently, the regulatory framework is interpreted and the need for legal adjustments is demonstrated.
Synthese Verteilter SystemeSynthesis of Distributed Systems
Authors: Schewe Sven 
Published: March 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der gemeinsame Nenner der Informatik ist die Automatisierung von Abläufen, Analysen und Prozessen. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurde viel auf dem Gebiet der Automatisierung fremder Domänen erreicht. Traditionell sind wir aber bei Automatisierung in unserer ureigenen Domäne, der Systementwicklung und -analyse, deutlich zurückhaltender. Das wirft die Frage auf, ob wir hier nicht viel mehr tun könnten und müssten. Ist zum Beispiel die manuelle Suche nach Lösungen gut spezifizierter Probleme angemessen? Wir diskutieren diese Frage am Beispiel verteilter Systeme mit Spezifikationen in temporalen oder Fixpunkt-Logiken wie LTL, ATL∗ oder μ-Kalkülen, den natürlichen Spezifikationssprachen für nicht-terminierende (oder: reaktive) Systeme wie zum Beispiel Kommunikationsprotokolle.
ANE syndrome caused by mutated RBM28 gene: a novel etiology of combined pituitary hormone deficiency
Authors: Spiegel Ronen , Shalev Stavit A , Adawi Amin , Sprecher Eli , Tenenbaum-Rakover Yardena 
Published: March 2010

Objective and designA homozygous loss-of-function mutation in the geneRBM28was recently reported to underlie alopecia, neurological defects, and endocrinopathy (ANE) syndrome. The aim of the present study was to characterize the endocrine phenotype of ANE syndrome and to delineate its pathogenesis.MethodsDetailed neuroendocrine assessment was performed in five affected male siblings harboring the homozygous p.L351P mutation inRBM28.ResultsAll five affected patients, aged 20–39 years, displayed absent puberty, hypogonadism, and variable degrees of short stature. Low IGF1 concentration and a lack of GH response to provocative tests in all siblings were consistent with GH deficiency. Low testosterone and gonadotropin levels with absence or low response to GnRH stimulation indicated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. ACTH deficiency evolved over time, and glucocorticoid replacement therapy was initiated in four patients. Thyroid analysis showed variable abnormal TSH response to TRH stimulation, suggesting hypothalamic compensated hypothyroidism in four subjects and laboratory hypothyroidism (low free thyroxine) in one patient. Low prolactin levels were shown in one case.ConclusionsThe endocrine defects characteristic of ANE syndrome are compatible with variable combined anterior pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD), which evolves gradually over the years, indicating long-term hormonal monitoring. We propose that defects in the cellular Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway underlie this endocrinopathy.RBM28gene defects should be added to the growing list of gene defects associated with syndromic CPHD.
Physician Views on Barriers to Primary Care for Young Adults With Childhood-Onset Chronic Disease
Authors: Okumura Megumi J. , Kerr Eve A. , Cabana Michael D. , Davis Matthew M. , Demonner Sonya , Heisler Michele 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Growing numbers of children with severe chronic illnesses are surviving to adulthood. Little is known about what primary care physicians perceive as the resources for and barriers to providing primary care services for young adults who transfer care from pediatric to adult medicine practitioners. The objective of this study was to describe primary care physicians' resources for and barriers to caring for young adults with childhood-onset chronic diseases.

METHODS:
We conducted a national mailed survey of general internists and pediatricians to assess their office and specialty resources, attitudes toward, and barriers faced in treating young adult patients with childhood-onset chronic diseases. We then analyzed how these factors were associated with overall perceived quality of chronic illness care delivery.

RESULTS:
Overall response rate was 53% (1289 of 2434). Only half of general internists viewed themselves as readily able to provide for the primary care needs of young adults with childhood-onset chronic diseases. Half of the internists and 62% of pediatricians thought that it would be difficult for these young adults to find an adult-focused primary care provider. Both specialties reported lack of time and reimbursement as major barriers in providing primary care to transitioning patients. Good office systems for coordinating patient care and improved coordination with subspecialty resources were both associated with improved provider perception of providing high-quality chronic illness care.

CONCLUSIONS:
General pediatricians and internists report multiple barriers to providing care for adults with childhood-onset chronic diseases. Improvements in office-based support seem to be most associated with perceived quality of care delivery.