bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieved Levels of HbA1c and Likelihood of Hospital Admission in People With Type 1 Diabetes in the Scottish Population
Authors: Govan Lindsay , Wu Olivia , Briggs Andrew , Colhoun Helen M. , Fischbacher Colin M. , Leese Graham P. , McKnight John A. , Philip Sam , Sattar Naveed , Wild Sarah H. , Lindsay Robert S. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
People with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of hospital admission compared with those without diabetes. We hypothesized that HbA1c would be an important indicator of risk of hospital admission.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Scottish Care Information–Diabetes Collaboration, a dynamic national register of diagnosed cases of diabetes in Scotland, was linked to national data on admissions. We identified 24,750 people with type 1 diabetes during January 2005 to December 2007. We assessed the relationship between deciles of mean HbA1c and hospital admissions in people with type 1 diabetes adjusting for patient characteristics.

RESULTS
There were 3,229 hospital admissions. Of the admissions, 8.1% of people had mean HbA1c &lt;7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and 16.3% had HbA1c &lt;7.5% (58 mmol/mol). The lowest odds of admission were associated with HbA1c 7.7–8.7% (61–72 mmol/mol). When compared with this decile, a J-shaped relationship existed between HbA1c and admission. The highest HbA1c decile (10.8–18.4%/95–178 mmol/mol) showed significantly higher odds ratio (95% CI) for any admission (2.80, 2.51–3.12); the lowest HbA1c decile (4.4–7.1%/25–54 mmol/mol) showed an increase in odds of admission of 1.29 (1.10–1.51). The highest HbA1c decile experienced significantly higher odds of diabetes-related (3.31, 2.94–3.72) and diabetes ketoacidosis admissions (10.18, 7.96–13.01).

CONCLUSIONS
People with type 1 diabetes with highest and lowest mean HbA1c values were associated with increased odds of admission. People with high HbA1c (&gt;10.8%/95 mmol/mol) were at particularly high risk. There is the need to develop effective interventions to reduce this risk.
Initial Angiotensin Receptor Blockade–Induced Decrease in Albuminuria Is Associated With Long-Term Renal Outcome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria
Authors: Hellemons Merel E. , Persson Frederik , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Rossing Peter , Parving Hans-Henrik , De Zeeuw Dick , Lambers Heerspink Hiddo J. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the individual impact of initial responses in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) to angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment on long-term renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a post hoc analysis of the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (IRMA)-2 trial we first assessed the individual variability in UAE and SBP response (0–6 months) in 531 subjects. Subsequently, we analyzed the individual effect of both response parameters on renal outcome defined as change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during 2 years of follow-up.

RESULTS
The median reductions in UAE and SBP in the population were −18% and −11 mmHg, respectively. In irbesartan-treated patients, 85 (24.4%) had a robust (&gt;median) reduction in UAE but not in SBP (discordant SBP response) and 67 (19.3%) had a robust (&gt;median) reduction in SBP but not in UAE (discordant UAE response). The degree of reduction in UAE was independently associated with the rate of eGFR decline (P = 0.0037). SBP showed a similar trend (P = 0.087). The relation between a larger UAE reduction and a slower rate of renal function decline was present in both cohorts with a SBP change above and below the median.

CONCLUSIONS
Within an individual, UAE response to ARB therapy may be discordant from SBP response. The initial change in UAE was independently associated with eGFR slope; the more UAE reduction the less eGFR decline, irrespective of the SBP change. These results suggest that in microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes, UAE should be monitored after initiation of therapy and a separate target for renoprotective therapy.
Effects of Telmisartan on Glucose Levels in People at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease but Free From Diabetes
Authors: Barzilay Joshua I. , Gao Peggy , Rydén Lars , Schumacher Helmut , Probstfield Jeffrey , Commerford Patrick , Dans Antonio , Ferreira Rafael , Keltai Mátyás , Paolasso Ernesto , Yusuf Salim , Teo Koon ,   on behalf of the TRANSCEND Investigators
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
Several large clinical trials suggest that ACE inhibitors may reduce the incidence of diabetes. Less is known about the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on reducing incident diabetes or leading to regression of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to normoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were 3,488 adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease but free from diabetes (mean age 67 years; 61% male) in the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND) study. The participants were randomized to the ARB telmisartan 80 mg (n = 1,726) or placebo (n = 1,762) in addition to usual care.

RESULTS
During a median 56 months, 21.8% of participants treated with telmisartan and 22.4% of those on placebo developed diabetes (relative ratio 0.95 [95% CI 0.83–1.10]; P = 0.51). Participants originally diagnosed with IFG and/or IGT were equally likely to regress to normoglycemia (26.9 vs. 24.5%) or to progress to incident diabetes (20.1 vs. 21.1%; P = 0.59) on telmisartan or placebo.

CONCLUSIONS
There was no evidence that addition of the ARB telmisartan to usual care prevents incident diabetes or leads to regression of IFG or IGT in people at high risk for cardiovascular disease but free from diabetes.
FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub> and FEV<sub>1</sub> / FVC % in Hypothyroid Female and their Relationships with Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Akter Pervin , Begum Shelina , Ali Taskina , Begum Noorzahan 
Published: July 2011

Background: Hypothyroidism is a common hormonal disorder affecting various organs including lungs. It may be associated with respiratory symptoms and can decrease lung function. Objective: To observe FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/ FVC % in hypothyroid female patients. Methods: This crosssectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from 1st July 2008 to 30th June 2009 on 60 hypothyroid female patients of 30-50 years age (Group B). For comparison, 30 age and BMI matched apparently healthy subjects (Group A) were also studied. Based on receiving treatment, hypothyroid patients were divided into B1 (untreated patients on their 1st day of diagnosis) and B2 (patients treated for at least 12-18 months). They were selected from the Out Patient Department of Endocrinology wing of department of Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka. Serum TSH and FT4 levels were measured by Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) principle in AxSYM system. The FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, of all the subjects were measured by a digital MicroDL spirometer. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA test, Independent sample t- test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of all the lung function variables in healthy female subjects and treated hypothyroids were within normal ranges. However, all of them were lower in untreated hypothyroids in comparison to those of control and treated hypothyroids.FVC and FEV1 showed statistically significant (p<0.001) difference and FEV1/FVC% showed non significant difference . In addition, all the ventilatory variables had negative correlation with serum TSH level and positive correlation with serum FT4 level and these relationships were statistically significant in control (p<0.001) and treated hypothyroids (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study reveals that lung function may be lower in untreated hypothyrod patients and correlated with thyroid hormones. Treatment of hypothyroids may reverse this changes. Key words: FVC, FEV1 , FEV1/FVC%, Hypothyroidism DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8084 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 45-51
Serum Zinc Status During Different Trimesters of Gestation
Authors: Noor Nushrat , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Akter Rezina 
Published: July 2011

Background: Hypozincemia may be found in different trimesters of pregnancy. Gradual alteration of this micronutrient status during pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Objective: To measure serum zinc level of pregnant women in different trimesters in order to find out their micronutrient status. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010. 90 normal pregnant women, age ranged from 20 to 30 years were included in the study group (Group-B) which was further divided into group B1 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 1st trimester, group B2 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 2nd trimester and group B3 consisting of 30 different pregnant women in 3rd trimester. Age matched 30 apparently healthy nonpregnant women (Group A) were also selected by for comparison. Serum zinc level was measured by Spectrophotometric method and serum total protein and albumin levels were estimated by standard laboratory technique. Statistical analysis was done by using ANOVA & Spearman rank Correlation as applicable. Result: In this study, serum Zn level was significantly lower in 1st (p<0.01), 2nd and 3rd trimester (p<0.001) of pregnant women in comparison to that of non-pregnant women. Again, this value was significantly (p<0.001) lower in 3rd trimester than those of 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnant women. Moreover, serum Zn concentration showed negative correlation (r=-0.621) with different trimesters of gestation and this correlation was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study reveals that gradual hypozincemia was observed in pregnant women from 1st to 3rd trimester of gestation. Key words: Serum zinc; Trimester; Pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i1.8085 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2011 June; 6(1): 52-57
L'enceinte fortifiée de Mendour (Aurès)
Authors: Morizot Pierre 
Published: July 2011

Das Luftbild und die Ortsbegehung führten zur Entdeckung einer befestigten Siedlung in Mendour, ca. 10 km südlich von Aïn Touta (Willaya von Batna), im Tal des Wadi Fedhala, dessen Ursprung bei Lambese liegt und der sich in der Sahara nach Bewässerung der Oasen von El Kantara und El Outaya verliert.
Die Umvallung, im Umriß ein ungleichmäßiger Polygon, dessen maximale Länge 180 m und maximale Breite 55 m betragen, besteht z.T. aus massivem Mauerwerk, z.T. aus opus africanum. Reste von Gebäuden, davon zwei kleine Ölbetriebe, sind noch am Boden sichtbar.
Zunächst denkt man an eine Wehranlage aus späterer Epoche, denn es wurden einige sigillata Keramik-Fragmente aus den IV-V. Jh. gefunden ; es ist jedoch anzunehmen, daß diese Anlage sich an einem viel älteren Gebäudekomplex angelehnt hat, denn man fand in unmittelbarer Nähe -jedoch außerhalb der Siedlungsmauern - ein Grastein mit einem Epitaph, das aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach spätestens Mitte des III. Jh errichtet wurde.
Die Lage dieser Umfriedung, 18 Meilen nordöstlich von El Kantara in Richtung Lámbese, läßt die Vermutung zu, Mendour könnte die statio sein, die in die Table de Peutinger Symmachi genannt wird ; dieser Symmachi soll nämlich 18 Meilen von Ad Calceum Herculis, heute El Kantara, entfernt gewesen sein und noch sehr lange bestanden haben, denn er wird im VII. Jh. in den Listen von George von Zypern under den Afrikanischen civitates aufgeführt**.
PET- und SPECT-Untersuchungen von Hirn tumoren mit radioaktiv markierten Aminosäuren
Authors: Bartenstein P. , Boecker H. , Brust P. , Coenen H. H. , Drzezga A. , Grünwald F. , Krause B. J. , Kuwert T. , Sabri O. , Tatsch K. , Weber W. A. , Schreckenberger M. , Langen K.-J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryFor the primary diagnosis of brain tumours, morphological imaging by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current method of choice. The complementary use of functional imaging by positron emitting tomography (PET) and single photon emitting computerized tomography (SPECT) with labelled amino acids can provide significant information on some clinically relevant questions, which are beyond the capacity of MRI. These diagnostic issues affect in particular the improvement of biopsy targeting and tumour delineation for surgery and radiotherapy planning. In addition, amino acid labelled PET and SPECT tracers are helpful for the differentiation between tumour recurrence and non-specific post-therapeutic tissue changes, in predicting prognosis of low grade gliomas, and for metabolic monitoring of treatment response. The application of dynamic PET examination protocols for the assessment of amino acid kinetics has been shown to enable an improved non-invasive tumour grading.The purpose of this guideline is to provide practical assistance for indication, examination procedure and image analysis of brain PET/ SPECT with labelled amino acids in order to allow for a high quality standard of the method. After a short introduction on pathobiochemistry and radiopharmacy of amino acid labelled tracers, concrete and detailed information is given on the several indications, patient preparation and examination protocols as well as on data reconstruction, visual and quantitative image analysis and interpretation. In addition, possible pitfalls are described, and the relevant original publications are listed for further information.
Szintigraphisch mehranreichernde Schilddrüsenknoten gehen überwiegend mit normwertigem TSH einher
Authors: Kandror T. , Kuschnerus S. , Zimny M. , Pink R. , Palmedo H. , Hach A. , Rau H. , Tanner C. , Zaplatnikov K. , Bockisch A. , Freudenberg L. , Görges R. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryAim: In recent years, various professional societies published guidelines for diagnostic evaluation of thyroid nodules, in which the indication for scintigraphy is restricted to patients with subnormal TSH values. It is seen controversial whether such recommendations should be transferred to Germany, partly because of lower iodine intake in this country and the consequent higher percentage of autonomous thyroid nodules, which are not accompanied by a measurable dysfunction. Since reliable data to this topic are scarce, we analyzed multicentrically the spectrum of scintigraphically “hot” and “warm” nodules under the current epidemiological conditions. Patients, methods: In 10 German nuclear medicine out-patient institutions we evaluated the diagnostic data from a total of 514 patients, in whom unequivocally hyperfunctional nodules (focal increased uptake in comparison to perinodular tissue with a sonographically nodular correlative ≥1 cm) could be detected by 99mTcpertechnetate scintigraphy. To minimize selection bias, the surveys were not carried out in hospitals. The recorded parameters included the thyroid hormone levels, the global 99mTc-uptake (TcTU), the size of each nodule and the total autonomous nodular volume (Vaut). Results: Only 20% of the patients with “hot” nodules had subnormal TSH levels (<0.1 to 0.33 mU / l), the remaining patients had TSH levels from 0.34 to 3.5 mU /l (in one third of the patients TSH levels even exceeded 1.0 mU/l). Moreover, we found no relevant correlation between TSH and TcTU or Vaut. Conclusions: In Germany, in at far the largest proportion of patients with autonomous thyroid nodules objectified by means of scintigraphy, TSH levels are within the normal range. Since such nodules with maximum safety can be classified as benign, a corresponding scintigraphic finding has a high priority for the patient. These current data support that it is not reasonable to restrict scintigraphy to patients with subnormal TSH values in this country.
Formalizing morphologically cryptic biological entities: New insights from DNA taxonomy, hybridization, and biogeography in the leafy liverwort Porella platyphylla (Jungermanniopsida, Porellales)
Authors: Heinrichs Jochen , Kreier Hans‐Peter , Feldberg Kathrin , Schmidt Alexander R. , Zhu Rui‐Liang , Shaw Blanka , Shaw A. Jonathan , Wissemann Volker 
Published: July 2011

• Premise of the study: Recognition and formalization of morphologically cryptic species is a major challenge to modern taxonomy. An extreme example in this regard is the Holarctic Porella platyphylla s.l. (P. platyphylla plus P. platyphylloidea). Earlier studies demonstrated the presence of three isozyme groups and two molecular lineages. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the molecular diversity of P. platyphylla s.l. and the distribution of its main clades, and to evaluate evidence for the presence of one vs. several species.• Methods: We obtained chloroplast (atpB‐rbcL, trnL‐trnF) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS) DNA sequences from 101 Porella accessions (P. platyphylla s.l., P. × baueri, P. cordaeana, P. bolanderi, plus outgroup species) to estimate the phylogeny using parsimony and likelihood analyses. To facilitate the adoption of Linnean nomenclature for molecular lineages, we chose a DNA voucher as epitype.• Key results: Phylogenies derived from chloroplast vs. nuclear data were congruent except for P. platyphylla s.l., including a North American lineage that was placed sister to P. cordaeana in the chloroplast DNA phylogeny but sister to the Holarctic P. platyphylla s.str. in the nuclear DNA phylogeny. European and North American accessions of P. cordaeana and P. platyphylla form sister clades.• Conclusions: The genetic structure of P. platyphylla s.l. reflects morphologically cryptic or near cryptic speciation into Holarctic P. platyphylla s.str. and North American P. platyphylloidea. The latter species is possibly an ancient hybrid resulting from crossings of P. cordaeana and P. platyphylla s.str. and comprises several distinct molecular entities.
L'avenir des assurances de personnes
Authors: Lequoy Jean-François 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Appelées à jouer un rôle toujours plus important dans les décennies à venir, les assurances de personnes représentent aujourd’hui plus des deux tiers de l’activité totale de l’assurance en France, essentiellement via l’épargne (assurance vie et assurance retraite). Les trois principaux domaines concernés connaissant chacun une évolution spécifique : la santé verra l’accroissement du rôle des organismes complémentaires ; le système de retraites par répartition devra prendre en compte la nécessité du recours à la retraite par capitalisation ; enfin la dépendance devra relever le double défi d’assurer une protection accrue des personnes sans peser sur les finances publiques.
L'histoire de la Mutualité : quatre grands défis
Authors: Dreyfus Michel 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La Mutualité est le mouvement social français le plus ancien et le plus important, ce qui explique que son histoire soit d’une particulière richesse. Elle s’est déclinée depuis deux siècles autour de quatre principes qui, aujourd’hui encore, doivent servir de boussole aux mutualistes. Liberté, démocratie, solidarité, indépendance sont les principes qui constituent le fondement de l’action mutualiste. Ils forment un tout, ils sont le « carré magique » qui doit guider l’action des mutualistes. Ces principes ne peuvent être dissociés ni séparés : que l’un d’entre soit bafoué et tout l’édifice s’effondre.
L'Unocam et la négociation avec les professionnels de santé
Authors: Laxalt Jean-Michel 
Published: July 2011

Résumé La loi de 2004 relative à l’assurance maladie a voulu associer les organismes complémentaires aux négociations avec les professionnels de santé pour une régulation tripartite du système de soins. Dans un premier temps, les syndicats pouvaient s’y opposer (les dentistes l’ont fait) ; le Parlement a renforcé la participation de l’Unocam aux négociations. Un accord tripartite Uncam-Unocam-syndicats de médecins est intervenu dans le « secteur optionnel » pour les honoraires chirurgicaux. Sans mise en œuvre. La négociation de la convention médicale en 2011 est un nouveau rendez-vous décisif.
Sélection des risques : où en est-on ?
Authors: Fromenteau Michel , Ruol Vincent , Eslous Laurence 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Les sociétés d’assurance doivent analyser les risques pour, soit les accepter au tarif ordinaire ou à un tarif plus élevé, soit les refuser. Cette technique de sélection des risques est inhérente au système concurrentiel. Mais elle trouve une limite dans le cas particulier des préjudices liés à l’état de santé. La France a développé au fil des années une réglementation qui influence de manière significative les pratiques de marché et qui constitue de fait un compromis entre le principe précédent de sélection et l’enjeu social particulier attaché à des prestations liées à la santé. L’article décrit ces évolutions qui s’efforcent de rester dans une configuration « euro-compatible ».
Inhibition of SOCS1−/− Lethal Autoinflammatory Disease Correlated to Enhanced Peripheral Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Collins Erin L. , Jager Lindsey D. , Dabelic Rea , Benitez Patrick , Holdstein Kaitlin , Lau Kenneth , Haider Mohammed I. , Johnson Howard M. , Larkin Joseph 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-deficient (SOCS1−/−) mice, which are lymphopenic, die &lt;3 wk after birth of a T cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by leukocyte infiltration and destruction of vital organs. Notably, Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to be particularly potent in inhibiting inflammation-associated autoimmune diseases. We observed that SOCS1−/− mice were deficient in peripheral Tregs despite enhanced thymic development. The adoptive transfer of SOCS1-sufficient Tregs, CD4+ T lymphocytes, or administration of SOCS1 kinase inhibitory region (KIR), a peptide that partially restores SOCS1 function, mediated a statistically significant but short-term survival of SOCS1−/− mice. However, the adoptive transfer of SOCS1-sufficient CD4+ T lymphocytes, combined with the administration of SOCS1-KIR, resulted in a significant increase in the survival of SOCS1−/− mice both short and long term, where 100% death occurred by day 18 in the absence of treatment. Moreover, the CD4+/SOCS1-KIR combined therapy resulted in decreased leukocytic organ infiltration, reduction of serum IFN-γ, and enhanced peripheral accumulation of Foxp3+ Tregs in treated mice. These data show that CD4+/SOCS1-KIR combined treatment can synergistically promote the long-term survival of perinatal lethal SOCS1−/− mice. In addition, these results strongly suggest that SOCS1 contributes to the stability of the Foxp3+ Treg peripheral population under conditions of strong proinflammatory environments.
The Impact of Geography on Hospital Electronic Health Records Implementation in Alabama
Authors: Au D. , Weech-Maldonado R. , Houser S.H. 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Background: Given relatively less favorable health outcomes in rural Alabama, electronic health records (EHRs) have an even greater potential to improve quality and alleviate disparities if meaningfully used.
Objectives: We examined rural-urban differences as it pertained to perceived barriers, benefits, and motivating factors of EHR implementation.
Methods: We used multivariate logistic models to analyze data collected from a state-wide, self-completed survey of health information management directors in Alabama hospitals.
Results: Findings from our analyses indicate that fewer rural hospitals (8%) have implemented EHRs as compared with urban hospitals (18%). Rural hospitals were 71% less likely to consider reduction in costs as a benefit of EHRs (OR = 0.29), and were 75% less likely to consider lack of structured technology as a challenge factor of EHR implementation (OR = 0.25).
Conclusion: Promotion of EHRs in rural areas is challenging but necessary. Understanding perceived barriers and motivating factors of EHR implementation among rural hospitals can inform policy decisions, especially in light of recent meaningful use initiatives.