bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated pest management in Swiss apple orchards: Stability and risks
Authors: Wildbolz Th. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn recent years, a system of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been introduced in many Swiss apple orchards. It is based on monitoring pests and natural enemies, on a package of selective pesticides and on biological control of phytophagous mites by typhlodromids. Some natural control has also been introduced for aphids and leafrollers. Stability of this approach is offered by natural control and by monitoring. Risks exist in two fields: Selective pesticides may disappear due to resistance and to other undesirable side effects. Outbreaks of secondary pests occur and will continue to do so in the future. In the past few years populations of scale insects and of Grapholita prunivorana (Rag.) have built up to damaging levels in some regions.
Behavioral responses of female adult Trichoplusia ni to volatiles from soybeans versus a preferred host, lima bean
Authors: Liu Shao‐Hua , Norris Dale M. , Marti Edwin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVolatiles from different plants may have quite distinct effects on insect behaviors, i.e., attraction, repulsion or neutrality. Our study used Tenax® to trap volatiles from plants at room temperature, and assayed female adult Trichoplusia ni's (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) responses to such volatiles. The results showed that volatiles from PI 227687 soybean leaves were repellent to T. ni, while those from ‘Davis’ soybean were attractive to the moth, and those from an unnumbered PI soybean had no significant behavioral effect. Odors from ‘Henderson’ lima bean, one of the more preferred hosts of T. ni, also did not influence the insect's behavior. The HPLC, GLC and GLC‐MS analyses indicated that qualitative and quantitative differences among volatiles from plant species, varieties or plant introductions account for these effects. The attractive volatiles from ‘Davis’ soybean contain much more 4‐hexen‐1‐ol acetate, 2,2‐dimethyl hexanal and 2‐hexenal than those of PI 227678, but do not have the repellent tetradecene and dodecene which are major components in PI 227687 soybean odors. The composition of the ‘neutral’ volatiles from ‘Henderson’ lima bean is more complex than that of the volatiles from soybeans.
Chemoreception and feeding behaviour in a caterpillar: towards a model of brain functioning in insects
Authors: Schoonhoven L. M. , Blom F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe quantitative relationship between chemoreceptor activity during food intake and total amount of food ingested per unit of time has been studied in last instar larvae of Pieris brassicae. Data on sensory responses and feeding intensity, derived from a study by Blom (1978), show a strong correlation between receptor activity during 1 sec periods of stimulation and food intake during 24 h. It is concluded that nerve impulses from chemoreceptors, which signal the presence of different phagostimulants, are summated algebraically in the central nervous system. Impulses from feeding deterrent receptors counteract the effects of phagostimulants. One impulse from a deterrent receptor neutralizes 2.5 impulses from phagostimulant receptors. Based on the relationships observed a simple model of a feeding centre in the central nervous system has been constructed (Fig. 8).
Comparison of methods of repelling mosquitoes
Authors: Curtis C. F. , Hill N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractComparisons were made with human subjects of repellency of free flying Anopheles gambiae using soaps containing deet and permethrin or permethrin alone. The reduction in biting did not differ statistically significantly between these two forms of repellent soap. Some mosquitoes which touched the permethrin soap layer without biting died within the next day. The soap with deet was compared with the same amount of deet in a commercially available stick or as a liquid. Only in the latter form did the repellent show resistance to being washed off by cold water.Electrically heated vaporizing mats containing bio‐allethrin were shown to be more effective than smouldering coils containing natural pyrethrins, in that there was more complete prevention of biting, and more rapid knock‐down and kill. Operation of the vaporizing mat caused deposition of insecticide on the room surfaces.
Fibromyalgia: Diagnosing and managing a complex syndrome
Authors: Wierwille Lauren 
Published: November 2011

Abstract  Purpose: The purpose of this clinical review is to clarify and discuss the diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia. This includes typical signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, concomitant disease states, differential diagnoses, and recommended pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities.Data sources: The search included Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and CINAHL. Search terms used: fibromyalgia diagnosis, fibromyalgia pathophysiology, incidence of fibromyalgia, fibromyalgia comorbidities, etiology of fibromyalgia, fibromyalgia treatment, American College of Rheumatology criteria. Search limited to sources from 1990 to 2010.Conclusions: Fibromyalgia is a complex muscular rheumatism that is not fully understood and often misdiagnosed. Signs and symptoms may overlap with many other conditions that must be properly ruled out to prevent diagnosis based upon arbitrary clinical judgment. Treatment is most beneficial when tailored to individual patient presentation, and further research is warranted, particularly in the domains of pathophysiology and efficacy of treatment options.Implications for practice: An accurate knowledge of current research will aid the nurse practitioner in effectively prescribing evidence‐based clinical interventions. Optimal fibromyalgia management can be achieved through a multifaceted treatment approach and is enhanced with early identification of the disease process.
A review of the genus Spilonota Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Korea
Authors: BYUN Bong‐Kyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFour species of the genus Spilonota Stephens, belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), are reviewed from North Korea, based on the materials of Hungarian Natural History Museum. Among them, two species, Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick, 1932 and Spilonota ocellana (Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), are reported for the first time from North Korea. Photos of adults and the genitalia are provided with brief comments on the distribution. Also a key for the species is given.
The effects of angiotensin I and angiotensin II on the isolated tracheal muscle of the cat
Authors: Tìrker R K , Ercan Z S 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The effects of Asp1-β-amide-Val5-angiotensin II (A II) and Asp1-Ile5-angiotensin I (A I) have been studied on the isolated continuously superfused cat tracheal muscle contracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Both peptides have been shown to induce dose-dependent relaxation on this muscle. Similar effects have been obtained with synthetic bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), noradrenaline and histamine. The effects of bradykinin, A I and A II have been shown to be inhibited by aspirin but not by propranolol, metiamide, SC 19220 or a specific, competitive antagonist of A II. The relaxing effect of A I is not due to the conversion of decapeptide to octapeptide A II. The possible mechanism of the relaxing effects of A I and A II on the cat isolated tracheal muscle is discussed.
Anticholinergic activity of antipsychotic drugs in relation to their extrapyramidal effects
Authors: Pearl J , Spilker B A , Woodward W A , Bentley R G 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs were evaluated with two indices of anticholinergic activity, mydriasis in mice in vivo and antagonism of carbamylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig tracheal strips in vitro. The drugs from most to least potent as oral mydriatic agents were mepazine, clozapine, thioridazine, promazine and chlorpromazine. Trifluoperazine, pimozide and haloperidol were inactive. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that anticholinergic activity of antipsychotic drugs is inversely related to their propensity to produce extrapyramidal effects in man. In vitro results appeared to predict the incidence of extrapyramidal effects less accurately than in vivo results.
Highly Specific Protease-Based Approach for Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Diagnosis of Periodontitis
Authors: Kaman Wendy E. , Galassi Fabiano , de Soet Johannes J. , Bizzarro Sergio , Loos Bruno G. , Veerman Enno C. I. , van Belkum Alex , Hays John P. , Bikker Floris J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Porphyromonas gingivalis
is associated with the development of periodontitis. Here we describe the development of a highly specific protease-based diagnostic method for the detection of
P. gingivalis
in gingival crevicular fluid. Screening of a proteolytic peptide substrate library, including fluorogenic dipeptides that contain
d
-amino acids, led to the discovery of five
P. gingivalis
-specific substrates. Due to the presence of lysine and arginine residues in these substrates, it was hypothesized that the cleavage was mediated by the gingipains, a group of
P. gingivalis
-specific proteases. This hypothesis was confirmed by the observation that
P. gingivalis
gingipain knockout strains demonstrated clearly impaired substrate cleavage efficacy. Further, proteolytic activity on the substrates was increased by the addition of the gingipain stimulators dithiothreitol and
l
-cysteine and decreased by the inhibitors leupeptin and
N
-ethylmaleimide. Screening of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients and healthy controls showed the potential of the substrates to diagnose the presence of
P. gingivalis
proteases. By using paper points, a sensitivity of approximately 10
5
CFU/ml was achieved.
P. gingivalis
-reactive substrates fully composed of
l
-amino acids and Bz-
l
-Arg-NHPhNO
2
showed a relatively low specificity (44 to 85%). However, the five
P. gingivalis
-specific substrates that each contained a single
d
-amino acid showed high specificity (96 to 100%). This observation underlines the importance of the presence of
d
-amino acids in substrates used for the detection of bacterial proteases. We envisage that these substrates may improve the specificity of the current enzyme-based diagnosis of periodontitis associated with
P. gingivalis
.
A Monoclonal Antibody against Human Notch1 Ligand–Binding Domain Depletes Subpopulation of Putative Breast Cancer Stem–like Cells
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Paranjape Anurag N. , Rangarajan Annapoorni , Dighe Rajan R. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Overexpression of Notch receptors and ligands has been associated with various cancers and developmental disorders, making Notch a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report characterization of Notch1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with therapeutic potential. The mAbs generated against epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats 11 to 15 inhibited binding of Jagged1 and Delta-like4 and consequently, signaling in a dose-dependent manner, the antibodies against EGF repeats 11 to 12 being more effective than those against repeats 13 to 15. These data emphasize the role of EGF repeats 11 to 12 in ligand binding. One of the mAbs, 602.101, which specifically recognizes Notch1, inhibited ligand-dependent expression of downstream target genes of Notch such as HES-1, HES-5, and HEY-L in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The mAb also decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, exposure to this antibody reduced CD44Hi/CD24Low subpopulation in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting a decrease in the cancer stem–like cell subpopulation. This was confirmed by showing that exposure to the antibody decreased the primary, secondary, and tertiary mammosphere formation efficiency of the cells. Interestingly, effect of the antibody on the putative stem-like cells appeared to be irreversible, because the mammosphere-forming efficiency could not be salvaged even after antibody removal during the secondary sphere formation. The antibody also modulated expression of genes associated with stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Thus, targeting individual Notch receptors by specific mAbs is a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the potential breast cancer stem–like cell subpopulation. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(1); 77–86. ©2011 AACR.
Inhibitor of Differentiation-3 Mediates High Fat Diet-Induced Visceral Fat Expansion
Authors: Cutchins Alexis , Harmon Daniel B. , Kirby Jennifer L. , Doran Amanda C. , Oldham Stephanie N. , Skaflen Marcus , Klibanov Alexander L. , Meller Nahum , Keller Susanna R. , Garmey James , McNamara Coleen A. 
Published: November 2011

Objective—
Inhibitor of differentiation-3 (Id3) has been implicated in promoting angiogenesis, a key determinant of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced visceral adiposity. Yet the role of Id3 in HFD-induced angiogenesis and visceral adipose expansion is unknown.

Methods and Results—

Id3
−/−
mice demonstrated a significant attenuation of HFD-induced visceral fat depot expansion compared to wild type littermate controls. Importantly, unlike other Id proteins, loss of Id3 did not affect adipose depot size in young mice fed chow diet or differentiation of adipocytes in vitro or in vivo. Contrast enhanced ultrasound revealed a significant attenuation of visceral fat microvascular blood volume in HFD-fed mice null for Id3 compared to wild type controls. HFD induced Id3 and VEGFA expression in the visceral stromal vascular fraction and Id3
−/−
mice had significantly lower levels of VEGFA protein in visceral adipose tissue compared to wild type. Furthermore, HFD-induced VEGFA expression in visceral adipose tissue was completely abolished by loss of Id3. Consistent with this effect, Id3 abolished E12-mediated repression of VEGFA promoter activity.

Conclusion—
Results identify Id3 as an important regulator of HFD-induced visceral adipose VEGFA expression, microvascular blood volume, and depot expansion. Inhibition of Id3 may have potential as a therapeutic strategy to limit visceral adiposity.
Objectively Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Hamer Mark , Venuraju Shreenidhi M. , Lahiri Avijit , Rossi Amanda , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: November 2011

Objective—
Physical activity is related to lower risk of cardiovascular disease, but data relating to coronary lesions have been conflicting. These inconsistencies may in part be due to unreliable assessment of physical activity and limitations imposed by self-reported data. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and coronary artery calcium (CAC).

Methods and Results—

Participants were 443 healthy men and women (mean age=66±6 years), without history or objective signs of coronary heart disease, drawn from the Whitehall II epidemiological cohort. Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn during waking hours for 7 consecutive days (average daily wear time=889±68 minutes/day). CAC was measured in each participant using electron beam computed tomography and was quantified according to the Agatston scoring system. On average, 54.4% of the sample recorded at least 30 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). There was no association between MVPA and presence of detectable CAC. For the participants with detectable CAC (n=283) a weak inverse relationship between MVPA (minutes/day) and log Agatston score was observed (B=−0.008, 95% CI: −0.16 to 0.00,
P
=0.05), although the association was no longer present after adjustments for age, sex, and conventional risk factors. No associations were seen for light activity or sedentary time.

Conclusion—
Our results confirm no association between objectively assessed physical activity and CAC. Because CAC measures cannot identify more vulnerable lesions, additional studies are required to examine whether physical activity can promote plaque stability.
Consistent Differential Expression Pattern (CDEP) on microarray to identify genes related to metastatic behavior
Authors: Tsoi Lam C , Qin Tingting , Slate Elizabeth H , Zheng W Jim 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
To utilize the large volume of gene expression information generated from different microarray experiments, several meta-analysis techniques have been developed. Despite these efforts, there remain significant challenges to effectively increasing the statistical power and decreasing the Type I error rate while pooling the heterogeneous datasets from public resources. The objective of this study is to develop a novel meta-analysis approach, Consistent Differential Expression Pattern (CDEP), to identify genes with common differential expression patterns across different datasets.

Results
We combined False Discovery Rate (FDR) estimation and the non-parametric RankProd approach to estimate the Type I error rate in each microarray dataset of the meta-analysis. These Type I error rates from all datasets were then used to identify genes with common differential expression patterns. Our simulation study showed that CDEP achieved higher statistical power and maintained low Type I error rate when compared with two recently proposed meta-analysis approaches. We applied CDEP to analyze microarray data from different laboratories that compared transcription profiles between metastatic and primary cancer of different types. Many genes identified as differentially expressed consistently across different cancer types are in pathways related to metastatic behavior, such as ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and blood vessel development. We also identified novel genes such as AMIGO2, Gem, and CXCL11 that have not been shown to associate with, but may play roles in, metastasis.

Conclusions
CDEP is a flexible approach that borrows information from each dataset in a meta-analysis in order to identify genes being differentially expressed consistently. We have shown that CDEP can gain higher statistical power than other existing approaches under a variety of settings considered in the simulation study, suggesting its robustness and insensitivity to data variation commonly associated with microarray experiments.

Availability: CDEP is implemented in R and freely available at: http://genomebioinfo.musc.edu/CDEP/

Contact: zhengw@musc.edu
The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV patients: an observational cohort study
Authors: Siemieniuk Reed AC , Gregson Dan B , Gill M John 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The increasing use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and pneumococcal immunization along with shifting community exposures may have altered the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease in HIV-infected persons. We describe the burden and risk factors for pneumococcal disease in the modern era of HIV care and evaluate the use of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23).

Methods
The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) between January 1st, 2000 and January 1st, 2010 in a regional HIV population in Southern Alberta, Canada was determined by linking comprehensive laboratory and hospital surveillance data. Clinical and epidemiologic data including risk factors for S. pneumoniae, history of pneumococcal immunization, serotypes of infections, and length of any hospitalizations for pneumococcal disease were evaluated with multivariate analysis. CD4 count and viral load at immunization were evaluated with a nested case-control analysis.

Results
In 1946 HIV-patients with 11,099 person-years of follow up, there were 68 distinct episodes of pneumococcal disease occurring in 50 patients. Increased risk was seen if female, age >60, Aboriginal ethnicity, lower education, injection drug use, smoking, nadir CD4 <200/μL, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hepatitis C. Overall, the incidence of IPD was 342/100,000 person-years and was reduced to 187/100,000 within three years of PPV-23 immunization (P < 0.01). Although 78% of patients received PPV-23, 74% of IPD episodes were caused by PPV-23 serotypes. In a case-control analysis, HIV viral load at immunization was significantly predictive of PPV-23 failure, while CD4 count was not. 80% of IPD cases required hospitalization: median length of stay was 7 days (range: 1-71); four patients died.

Conclusions
Despite universal access to intensive measures to prevent pneumococcal disease including the widespread use of HAART and PPV-23 immunization, the incidence of IPD remains high in HIV patients with its associated morbidity and mortality.
Elevated urinary levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identify a clinically high-risk group
Authors: Sorio Claudio , Mafficini Andrea , Furlan Federico , Barbi Stefano , Bonora Antonio , Brocco Giorgio , Blasi Francesco , Talamini Giorgio , Bassi Claudio , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is highly expressed and its gene is amplified in about 50% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas; this last feature is associated with worse prognosis. It is unknown whether the level of its soluble form (suPAR) in urine may be a diagnostic-prognostic marker in these patients.

Methods
The urinary level of suPAR was measured in 146 patients, 94 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 52 chronic pancreatitis. Urine from 104 healthy subjects with similar age and gender distribution served as controls. suPAR levels were normalized with creatinine levels (suPAR/creatinine, ng/mg) to remove urine dilution effect.

Results
Urinary suPAR/creatinine values of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients were significantly higher (median 9.8; 25th-75th percentiles 5.3-20.7) than those of either healthy donors (median 0; 0-0.5) or chronic pancreatitis patients (median 2.7; 0.9-4.7). The distribution of values among cancer patients was widespread and asymmetric, 53% subjects having values beyond the 95th percentile of healthy donors. The values of suPAR/creatinine did not correlate with tumour stage, Ca19-9 or CEA levels. Higher values correlated with poor prognosis among non-resected patients at univariate analysis; multivariate Cox regression identified high urinary suPAR/creatinine as an independent predictor of poor survival among all cancer patients (odds ratio 2.10, p = 0.0023), together with tumour stage (stage III odds ratio 2.65, p = 0.0017; stage IV odds ratio 4.61, p < 0.0001) and female gender (odds ratio 1.85, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
A high urinary suPAR/creatinine ratio represents a useful marker for the identification of a subset of patients with poorer outcome.