bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ TCE degradation mediated by complex dehalorespiring communities during biostimulation processes
Authors: Dugat‐Bony Eric , Biderre‐Petit Corinne , Jaziri Faouzi , David Maude M. , Denonfoux Jérémie , Lyon Delina Y. , Richard Jean‐Yves , Curvers Cyrille , Boucher Delphine , Vogel Timothy M. , Peyretaillade Eric , Peyret Pierre 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe bioremediation of chloroethene contaminants in groundwater polluted systems is still a serious environmental challenge. Many previous studies have shown that cooperation of several dechlorinators is crucial for complete dechlorination of trichloroethene to ethene. In the present study, we used an explorative functional DNA microarray (DechloArray) to examine the composition of specific functional genes in groundwater samples in which chloroethene bioremediation was enhanced by delivery of hydrogen‐releasing compounds. Our results demonstrate for the first time that complete biodegradation occurs through spatial and temporal variations of a wide diversity of dehalorespiring populations involving both Sulfurospirillum, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium, Geobacter and Dehalococcoides genera. Sulfurospirillum appears to be the most active in the highly contaminated source zone, while Geobacter was only detected in the slightly contaminated downstream zone. The concomitant detection of both bvcA and vcrA genes suggests that at least two different Dehalococcoides species are probably responsible for the dechlorination of dichloroethenes and vinyl chloride to ethene. These species were not detected on sites where cis‐dichloroethene accumulation was observed. These results support the notion that monitoring dechlorinators by the presence of specific functional biomarkers using a powerful tool such as DechloArray will be useful for surveying the efficiency of bioremediation strategies.
The state of talent management in Canada's public sector
Authors: Glenn Ted 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor more than a decade, senior officials from across Canada's public sector have identified the capacity to “recruit and retain highly‐trained, qualified staff” as central to public service renewal and success in the 21st century. And yet, despite the consensus behind this priority, students of Canadian public administration know little about the strategies and programs that are in place to attract, recruit, retain and transition key public servants in this country. This article tries to address this gap by describing talent management, one approach to getting “the right people in the right place at the right time” currently in use in British Columbia, Canada, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Saskatchewan. The article concludes with some observations about the present and future of talent management in Canada's public sector.
L-BLP25 Vaccine plus Letrozole Induces a TH1 Immune Response and Has Additive Antitumor Activity in MUC1-Expressing Mammary Tumors in Mice
Authors: Mehta Neelima R. , Wurz Gregory T. , Burich Rebekah A. , Greenberg Brittany E. , Griffey Stephen , Gutierrez Audrey , Bell Katie E. , McCall Jamie L. , Wolf Michael , DeGregorio Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurpose: In this study, we examine the immunomodulatory effects and antitumor activity of tamoxifen and letrozole when combined with the human epithelial mucin (hMUC1)-specific vaccine, L-BLP25, in the hMUC1-expressing mammary tumor (MMT) mouse model.Experimental Design: Dose-finding studies were conducted for both tamoxifen and letrozole. Letrozole and L-BLP25 combination studies used 69 MMT female mice assigned to five groups: untreated, cyclophosphamide + placebo, cyclophosphamide + L-BLP25, letrozole 0.8 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide + L-BLP25 + letrozole. Tamoxifen and L-BLP25 combination studies used 48 MMT female mice assigned to five treatment groups: untreated, cyclophosphamide + placebo, cyclophosphamide + L-BLP25, tamoxifen 50 mg/kg, and cyclophosphamide + L-BLP25 + tamoxifen 50 mg/kg group. Mice were injected subcutaneously with L-BLP25 (10 μg) weekly for 8 weeks. Serum cytokines were serially measured using a Luminex assay, whereas splenocytes at termination were analyzed by ELISpot to determine T-helper (TH)1/TH2 polarization of immune response.Results: Daily oral doses of 50 and 0.8 mg/kg of tamoxifen and letrozole, respectively, resulted in a significant survival advantage over controls (P &lt; 0.05). A predominant TH1-polarized immune response in vaccinated mice was seen with or without tamoxifen or letrozole treatments. In the L-BLP25 plus letrozole treatment group, statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05) additive antitumor activity was observed, whereas tamoxifen plus L-BLP25 was not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study show that hormonal therapy does not interfere with L-BLP25–induced predominant TH1 response, and the combination of L-BLP25 with letrozole has additive antitumor activity in the MMT mouse model. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2861–71. ©2012 AACR.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Attenuated Plaques in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xu Kai , Mintz Gary S. , Kubo Takashi , Wu Xiaofan , Guo Ning , Yang Junqing , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Guagliumi Giulio , Brodie Bruce , Dressler Ovidiu , Cristea Ecaterina , Parise Helen , Mehran Roxana , Stone Gregg W. , Maehara Akiko 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-attenuated plaque is characterized by absence of ultrasound signal behind hypoehcoic plaque and is seen almost exclusively in acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed poststenting and 13-month follow-up IVUS in 186 patients (195 lesions) with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary prespecified IVUS end point was the in-stent percent net volume obstruction at follow-up. Overall, 70.3% of lesions contained attenuated plaques at baseline. During follow-up, attenuation scores decreased significantly, behind paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) (14.1 [11.9, 16.3] to 7.7 [5.4, 9.9],
P
<0.0001), behind bare metal stents (BMS) (18.5 [13.2, 23.8] to 12.0 [6.7, 17.3],
P
<0.0001), and within distal references (3.1 [1.1, 5.1] to 2.2 [0.2, 4.1],
P
=0.02). There was a greater calcium increase in attenuated than nonattenuated plaques in both PES (Δcalcium score of 4.4 [3.3, 5.5] versus 1.6 [0.9, 2.3],
P
<0.0001) and BMS (Δcalcium score of 4.1[2.3, 5.9] versus 1.0 [0.3, 1.7],
P
=0.001). PES implantation into attenuated plaques was particularly associated with late acquired stent malapposition (36.8% versus 15.4% compared with nonattenuated plaques treated with PES,
P
=0.03). Changes in attenuation scores correlated with changes in calcium scores both in PES (Pearson correlation coefficient=−0.456,
P
<0.0001] and BMS sites (Pearson correlation coefficient=−0.450,
P
=0.0006). In 3 years of follow-up, target lesion revascularization was significantly less in patients with attenuated plaque at baseline (6.0% versus 17.4% in patient without attenuated plaques,
P
=0.019).

Conclusions—
Attenuated plaques evolved into calcified plaques after stent implantation. Attenuated plaque is associated with late acquired stent malapposition and related less target lesion revascularization (consistent with less neointimal hyperplasia), especially after PES implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling in Northwest Mexico Reveals the Links between Runoff Mechanisms and Evapotranspiration
Authors: Robles-Morua Agustín , Vivoni Enrique R. , Mayer Alex S. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A distributed hydrologic model is used to evaluate how runoff mechanisms—including infiltration excess (RI), saturation excess (RS), and groundwater exfiltration (RG)—influence the generation of streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) in a mountainous region under the influence of the North American monsoon (NAM). The study site, the upper Sonora River basin (~9350 km2) in Mexico, is characterized by a wide range of terrain, soil, and ecosystem conditions obtained from best available data sources. Three meteorological scenarios are compared to explore the impact of spatial and temporal variations of meteorological characteristics on land surface processes and to identify the value of North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) forcing products in the NAM region. The following scenarios are considered for a 1-yr period: 1) a sparse network of ground-based stations, 2) raw forcing products from NLDAS, and 3) NLDAS products adjusted using available station data. These scenarios are discussed in light of spatial distributions of precipitation, streamflow, and runoff mechanisms during annual, seasonal, and monthly periods. This study identified that the mode of runoff generation impacts seasonal relations between ET and soil moisture in the water-limited region. In addition, ET rates at annual and seasonal scales were related to the runoff mechanism proportions, with an increase in ET when RS was dominant and a decrease in ET when RI was more important. The partitioning of runoff mechanisms also helps explain the monthly progression of runoff ratios in these seasonally wet hydrologic systems. Understanding the complex interplay between seasonal responses of runoff mechanisms and evapotranspiration can yield information that is of interest to hydrologists and water managers.
Not all sugars are created equal: some mask aversive tastes better than others in an herbivorous insect
Authors: Cocco Nicolette , Glendinning John I. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARY
Manduca sexta caterpillars are unusual because they exhibit strong peripheral gustatory responses to sugars, but nevertheless fail to show immediate appetitive responses to them. We hypothesized that the primary function of the peripheral gustatory response to sugars is to mask the taste of noxious compounds, which abound in host plants of M. sexta. We compared 10 s biting responses to water with those to mixtures of a noxious compound [caffeine (Caf) or aristolochic acid (AA)] and various combinations of sugars [i.e. sucrose (Suc), glucose (Glu), inositol (Ino), Suc+Glu, Suc+Ino or Glu+Ino]. The biting assays indicated that the aversive taste of AA was completely masked by Suc+Ino, and partially masked by Suc+Glu, Glu+Ino and Suc, whereas that of Caf was completely masked by Suc+Ino and Suc+Glu, and partially masked by Glu+Ino, Suc and Ino. To examine the contribution of the peripheral taste system to the masking phenomenon, we recorded responses of the maxillary gustatory sensilla to each stimulus mixture. The sugars differed greatly in their capacity to suppress peripheral gustatory responses to AA and Caf: Suc+Ino and Suc+Glu produced the greatest suppression, and Glu and Ino the least. Further, the extent to which each sugar stimulus suppressed the peripheral gustatory responses to AA reliably predicted the extent to which it masked the taste of AA in biting assays; no such predictive relationship was observed for the sugar/Caf mixtures. We conclude that some, but not all, sugars act on both peripheral and central elements of the gustatory system to mask the taste of noxious compounds.
Tailoring optical and non-optical properties of interference coating materials through the explicit use of small-scale optical inhomogeneities
Authors: Stenzel Olaf , Schulz Ulrike , Kaiser Norbert 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Although optical coating deposition techniques have been perfected over decades to prepare optically homogeneous dense coatings with smallest surface roughness, nanostructuring of optical coatings has proven as an effective mechanism to further enhance their performance while reducing their thickness in special cases. Therefore, nanostructure effects can be tackled as additional degrees of freedom for coating design, and can even lead to useful property combinations that are inaccessible to ‘classical’ coatings prepared on the basis of the traditionally available coating materials. Examples include metal island films as building blocks for spectrally selective absorber coatings for color management or solar energy conversion purposes, as well as motheye structures for antireflection coatings and the combined optimization of optical and non-optical coating properties.
Effects of CYP2D6*10, CYP3A5*3, CYP1A2*1F, and ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of flecainide in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Hu Miao , Yang Ya-Ling , Fok Benny S.P. , Chan Sze-Wa , Chu Tanya T.W. , Poon Emily W.M. , Yin Ophelia Q.P. , Lee Vincent H.L. , Tomlinson Brian 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background: Although flecainide is thought to be meta­bolized predominantly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, it shows pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs, such as verapamil and digoxin, which may suggest other CYP pathways or ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters might be involved. This study evaluated effects of common polymorphisms in Chinese in CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP1A2, and ABCB1 on flecainide pharmacokinetics.

Methods: Single oral 100-mg doses of flecainide were given to 15 healthy male Chinese subjects who were genotyped for the CYP2D6*2, *5, *10, CYP3A5*3, CYP1A2*1F and ABCB1 C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T polymorphisms.

Results: There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of flecainide among CYP2D6 (mainly involving *10) genotypes. The CYP3A5*3/*3 subjects (n=8) had a 26% higher systemic exposure (AUC0–∞) and 17% lower apparent oral clearance of flecainide than the combined group of CYP3A5*1/*1 (n=6) and CYP3A5*1/*3 (n=1) subjects (p<0.05). Subjects homozygous for CYP1A2*1F tended to have lower systemic exposure and increased clearance of flecainide compared to those with CYP1A2*1A/1F in subjects with at least one CYP2D6 variant allele.

Conclusions: The disposition of flecainide appeared to be influenced by the CYP3A5*3 and possibly the CYP1A2*1F polymorphisms, particularly in subjects with CYP2D6 variant alleles.
Assessing the effects of identical task repetition and task-type repetition on learners' recognition and production of second language request downgraders
Authors: Takimoto, Masahiro 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The present study explores the relative effectiveness of two types of task repetition for teaching polite request forms to Japanese learners of English: the identical task repetition (the repetition of the same task) and the task-type repetition (the repetition of the same type of task). The performance of a treatment group was compared to the performance of a control group on pre-, post-, and follow-up tests consisting of a discourse completion test and an acceptability judgment test. The results indicated that the two treatment groups outperformed the control group, with the identical task repetition group exhibiting more statistically significant improvement in the discourse completion test (a planned written-production test) and the acceptability judgment test (a planned written-judgment test). The results implied that identical task repetition stimulates deeper perceptual and mental processing than task-type repetition in learners' recognition and production of second language (L2) request downgraders.
Analysis of ill-posedness and numerical methods
of solving a nonlinear inverse problem in pharmacokinetics for the
two-compartmental model with extravascular drug administration
Authors: Ilyin A. , Kabanikhin S. I. , Nurseitov D. B. , Nurseitova A. T. , Asmanova N. A. , Voronov D. A. , Bakytov D. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
A nonlinear inverse problem of pharmacokinetics for the
dual-compartment model with extravascular route of the drug
administration is considered. The problem is significantly ill-posed: its solution is not unique and is
unstable. We discuss nonuniqueness of the inverse problem and the degree of ill-posedness. The initial problem is reduced to a linear operator equation by linearization. It is demonstrated that the resolving ability
of the inverse problem can be improved by varying of the location of measurement data points. Results of numerical experiments are presented. The question of choosing the initial approximations is considered.
Inverse spectral problems for arbitrary order differential operators on noncompact trees
Authors: Yurko Vjacheslav Anatoljevich 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.
We study inverse spectral problems for arbitrary order
ordinary differential equations on noncompact trees. As the main spectral
characteristics we introduce and investigate the so-called Weyl matrices
which are a generalization of the Weyl function for the classical
Sturm–Liouville operator. We provide a procedure for constructing the
solution of the inverse problem from the Weyl matrices and prove its
uniqueness.
Use of intense pulsed light sources in dermatology: Update 2012
Authors: Babilas Philipp 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntense pulsed light sources (IPLs) consist of flash lamps with bandpass filters and emit incoherent polychromatic pulsed light of a high intensity and determined wavelength spectrum, fluence, and pulse duration. The combination of prescribed wavelengths, fluencies, pulse durations, and pulse intervals facilitates the treatment of a wide spectrum of skin conditions. Hereby, IPLs follow the basic principle of a more or less selective thermal damage of the target. This review discusses the current literature on IPLs with regard to the treatment of unwanted hair growth, vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, and as a light source for photodynamic therapy and skin rejuvenation. It also summarizes the physics of IPLs and provides guidance for the practical use of IPLs.
Preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with powder filler
Authors: Paciorek-Sadowska Joanna , Czupryński Bogusław , Liszkowska Joanna , Piszczek Kazimierz 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The diversified properties of polyurethane (PUR) foam plastics result from differences in the receipts applied during their preparation. The preparation of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams (PUR-PIR) with application of different amounts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) s-70 as a filler is described in this study. It was found that application of PVC s-70 has an effect on the prolongation of processing parameters, i.e., start time and, to a greater extent, expansion and gelation times. Moreover, it was found that introduction of filler into the foam composition causes a reduction in the capacity of the foam to absorb water; however, a distinct change in the amount of closed cells in comparison with standard foam was not observed. A favorable effect of filler on brittleness and flammability of PUR-PIR foams (significant reduction) as well as on compressive strength and softening point (a significant increase in these values) was observed.
Temperature dependence of HOMO-LUMO levels and open circuit voltage for P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells
Authors: Shen Yang , Scudiero Louis , Gupta Mool C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, the open circuit voltage (VOC) of poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells was measured at temperatures ranging from 300 K to 400 K. The temperature dependence of the vacuum shift and of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of P3HT and PCBM were measured by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) in the same temperature range. The temperature dependence of the absorption edge was also studied in the same temperature range to obtain the temperature variation of the optical band gap energy (Eg). The measured VOC of the devices showed a clear decreasing trend with increasing operating temperature and the total decrease was found to be about 0.1 V. Although the origin of VOC is still not fully understood it is generally believed that the energy level offset between the HOMO of the donor and the LUMO of the acceptor minus the exciton binding energy (0.3 eV) directly determines the value of VOC. However, by utilizing the measured values of the HOMO for the P3HT (donor) and of the LUMO for the PCBM (acceptor), we have found that the calculated values of VOC and its temperature dependence do not agree with the measured VOC values. This indicates that factors other than the offset between the HOMO of the donor and the LUMO of the acceptor materials are impacting VOC.
Improved Resistive Switching Properties in HfO2-based ReRAMs by Hf/Au Doping
Authors: He Xiaoli , Tokranova Natalya A. , Wang Wei , Geer Robert E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTEmerging NVM devices have been extensively studied as candidates to extend density scaling and power reduction beyond Si-based flash. Recently, resistive-random-access-memory (ReRAM) devices in the form of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures have attracted substantial attention due to their potential scalability, low power operation, and high speed. HfO2 is attractive compared to other transition metal oxides from the vantage point of CMOS process compatibility. Here, we investigate doped HfO2 with a Pt top electrode on an n+-Si substrate. By doping HfO2 with Hf or Au, improved resistive switching properties have been demonstrated in terms of enhanced cycling endurance and lower switching voltages for SET and RESET. The improvements were attributed to doping-induced oxygen vacancies. In addition, Cu-doped HfO2 devices have exhibited multilevel resistive switching.
Heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO films on Gd3Ga5O12 garnet substrates
Authors: Ono Yosuke , Matsui Hiroaki , Tabata Hitoshi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis study focused on structural and optical properties of ZnO films grown epitaxially on Gd3Ga5O12 substrates. ZnO films (a = 3.2439 Å and c = 5.2036 Å) were deposited on the (001) and (111) planes of Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG: a = 12.383 Å) garnet substrates by a pulsed laser deposition method. From out-of-plane and in-plane X-ray diffraction measurements, the obtained ZnO films showed a single phase with the (0001) orientation on the GGG (001) and (111) substrates. The epitaxial relations between the ZnO film and GGG (001) substrate were [10-10] ZnO ‖ [100] GGG and [10-10] ZnO ‖ [010] GGG, while the epitaxial relations between the ZnO film and GGG (111) substrate were [10-10] ZnO ‖ [11-2] GGG ±21°. Furthermore, transmittance electron microscopy revealed sharp interfaces between ZnO films and GGG substrates. From photoluminescent spectra, the ZnO films showed donor bound emissions superimposed with free excitons at a low temperature of 10 K.
Preparation of Diamond Nanocrystallites in Powder by Using a Coaxial Arc Plasma Gun
Authors: Tominaga Aki , Hanada Kenji , Yoshida Tomohiro , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTWe suggest a new method for fabricating diamond nanoclusters by employing a coaxial arc plasma gun. Diamond powder comprised of diamond nanoclusters and amorphous carbon was fabricated in vacuum and a hydrogen atmosphere, and the diamond crystallite sizes were estimated to be 1.8, 2.3, and 2.3 nm for the powders prepared at hydrogen pressures of 0, 53.3, and 159.6 Pa respectively, from the X-ray diffraction peaks. The hydrogen ambient gas is not necessarily required for the diamond nanoclusters formation. We consider that this method enables us to form diamond nanoclusters in nucleation owing to a supersaturated condition at a facing plate located in front of an arc plasma gun.