bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of Naïve Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with Mesenteric Lymph from Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats Induces IL-33 Release Associated with Cellular Necrosis
Authors: Weaver Kourtney , Molina Patricia , Souza-Smith Flavia 
Published: May 2024

Our studies show that chronic alcohol feeding in rodents induced mesenteric lymphatic leakage into surrounding perilymphatic adipose tissue (PLAT) that was associated with increased fat regulatory T cells (fTregs), that were not increased in the circulation, suggesting local expansion of fTregs in PLAT. Increased visceral fTregs are implicated in age-associated insulin resistance. The IL-33 receptor, ST2, has been implicated in fTreg cell development and is critical for their accumulation in PLAT. IL-33 is released upon cell death by visceral adipose tissue stromal or adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and acts as an alarmin to signal tissue damage. Whether lymphatic leakage in alcohol-fed animals results in death of ADSCs, release of IL-33, and activation of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway leading to PLAT fTreg accumulation has yet to be explored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of naïve ADSCs with lymph from chronic alcohol-fed animals would lead to increased IL-33 via cell death. Male Fischer 344 rats were randomized to a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 36% of calories from alcohol or pair-fed an isocaloric diet for 10 weeks (N=10/group). Mesenteric lymph was collected from anesthetized alcohol- and pair-fed animals via the lymph fistula technique. PLAT ADSCs, isolated from age-matched, naïve, chow-fed rats were cultured until adherent and stimulated with 5% v/v lymph from alcohol- or pair-fed animals for 24 hrs. Supernatant was collected, and IL-33 concentration was measured by commercially available ELISA. Adherent ADSCs were stained with 7-AAD and CytoCalcein fluorescent dyes to assess cell viability using fluorescence microscopy. Viable and necrotic cells were counted using QuPath software. Statistical differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism. Results show a 2.5-fold increase in the concentration of IL-33 in supernatant of ADSCs stimulated with lymph from alcohol-fed animals compared to ADSCs stimulated with lymph from pair-fed animals. In addition, ADSC necrosis was 4-fold greater in wells stimulated with lymph from alcohol-fed animals than in those stimulated with control lymph or vehicle. In contrast, lymph stimulation of ADSCs from control-fed animals did not show a significant increase in IL-33 release as compared to vehicle treated controls. These data indicate presence of mediators that induce IL-33 release in lymph from alcohol-fed animals and support the hypothesized involvement of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in chronic alcohol associated ADSC cell death. Supported by K01AA026640 (FSS), 1F30AA030909-01 (KW), 5T32AA007577-23 (PM). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Biological factors and self-perception of stress in relation to freeze-like response in humans
Authors: Kucera Jan , Vit Michal , Lenart Peter , Novak Jan , Zlamal Filip , Reguli Zdenko , Bugala Martin 
Published: May 2024

Many animals react to threatening stimuli such as a predator attacks by freezing. However, little experimental research investigated freeze response in humans. Here, we have employed practices commonly used in self-defense training to create two unique scenarios simulating armed physical threat. Sixty healthy men volunteers divided into three groups of twenty (untrained, trained but unexperienced, trained and experienced) underwent these scenarios accompanied by measurement of biochemical, physiological, and psychological markers of stress. Our results show that untrained individuals exhibit stronger freezing reactions, while highly skilled participants display the lowest propensity for freezing, especially in high-intensity scenarios. Moreover, the study shows variations in anxiety levels and selected biomarkers, with cortisol and osteocalcin showing different patterns in low and high-intensity scenarios, and suggests a complex interplay between these factors, electrodermal activity, and stress perception. The project was primarily supported by the project 22-36623S from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic. The project was supported by the project MUNI/A/1403/2018 Evaluation of self-defense scenario training and stress tolerance among students of study program SESB and ASESB by Masaryk University, Grant Agency of Masaryk University, Faculty of Sports Studies. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Sex Differences in T Cell Migration from the Spleen to the Kidney in Mice at Baseline and in Response to Angiotensin II Infusion
Authors: Benson Lance , Pollock Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

Decades of research has indicated that T cells contribute to the development of hypertension and target organ damage. There is a critical role of spleen-derived T cells in angiotensin II-mediated hypertension and kidney damage in mice. Splenectomy abolished sex differences in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting sex differences in the spleen-kidney immune axis. It is well-appreciated that immune cells migrate from different tissues to infiltrate organs. However, whether there are sex differences in T cell migration from the spleen to the kidney remained unexplored. Thus, we hypothesized that male mice would show higher immune cell migration from the spleen to the kidney at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion when compared to female mice. To quantify T cell migration in male and female mice, we utilized Kikume Green-Red (KikGR) transgenic mice that ubiquitously express the kikume green protein in all cells throughout the body, and this protein can be stably photoconverted to kikume red with exposure to 405 nm blue light. We specifically photoconverted mouse spleens with 10-minute exposure to blue light and infused angiotensin II via mini-pump implantation (490 ng/kg*min) in half of the photoconverted mice. After 3 days post-photoconversion, all mice were sacrificed, and both kidneys were removed for analysis via spectral flow cytometry to determine spleen-derived infiltrating immune cells (CD45+, KikRed+ cells) as well as spleen-derived T cells (CD45+, KikRed+, CD3+) in the kidney. There were no differences in the immune cell profiles found between left and right kidneys within each sex (p = 0.8 [male kidneys] and 0.8292 [female kidneys], n = 6-10 kidneys per group). At baseline, we found significantly increased spleen-derived immune cells in the kidneys of male compared to female mice (P = 0.0173, n = 3-5 per group). In addition, sex was a significant factor in spleen-derived T cell percentages within the kidney (Two-Way ANOVA, P = 0.029, n = 3-5 mice). In response to 3 days of angiotensin II infusion, spleen-derived immune cells were significantly higher in the kidneys of males compared to females (P = 0.0499, n = 3-5 mice). We conclude that there is reduced immune cell migration to the kidney from the spleen at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion in female mice, which may contribute to the lower blood pressure and kidney damage observed in female mice. NIH TL1 DK139566 to LNB, NIH R01 DK134562 to JSP. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Early or late phase cardiac remodelling in metabolic syndrome heart characterized with SQT or LQT
Authors: Billur Deniz , Durak Aysegul , Olgar Yusuf , Tuncay Erkan , Turan Belma 
Published: May 2024

Cardiac conduction abnormalities are the main disorders in metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, their mechanisms are not known yet. Although ventricular arrhythmia pathogenesis reflects the time course of cardiomyocyte action potentials (APs) associated with QT-interval duration, recent studies emphasize the role of intercellular crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes via passive (electrotonic)-conduction. Therefore, considering the possible intercellular interactions between cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes as electrophysiological contributors to cardiac-conduction, we hypothesized an early-cardiac-remodeling which is characterized by short QT-interval (SQT) via contributions and modulations of changes in the expressions and localizations of nonmyocytes to the ventricular APs in an early-stage MetS hearts. Significant increases in MetS (14-16 weeks) heart rates and SQT, shortened AP duration with a strong response to β-adrenergic stimulation in the contractile activity of the papillary muscles were determined. The patch-clamp analysis of ventricular cardiomyocytes showed that voltage-dependent Na+-channel currents were increased with decreased L-type Ca2+-channel (LTCC) currents and unchanged K+-channel currents. A hemichannel protein of connexin 43 (Cx43) was highly localized into intercalated discs while phospho-Cx43 was densely localized laterally on the sarcolemma and cytosol with increased total expression levels. A marked high-level positively-stained α-SMA and CD68 cells in interfibrillar spaces of the heart were prominently localized and distributed, implying the possible contributions of myofibroblasts and macrophages to both shortened APs and abnormal electrical conduction in an early-stage MetS heart.Our data propose a previously unrecognized pathway for induction of SQT in the heart: This pathway may include not only the contribution of short ventricular-APs via ionic-mechanisms but also increasing contributions of the electrotonic-cardiomyocyte depolarization, spontaneous electrical activity-associated fast heterogeneous impulse conduction in the heart via non-myocytes. Overall, SQT in early cardiac remodeling may arise with increased interactions between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, through increasing contributions of passive-conduction by non-myocytes. TUBITAK SBAG-119S661 & 222S502. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Comparison of acute glucose responses following combined arm and leg cycling in non and pre-diabetic males
Authors: Smith Bryan , Skillrud Linnea , Krause Alexa 
Published: May 2024

Prolonged and chronic sedentary behavior contributes to negative metabolic health conditions. Recent research has shown that a single bout of combined arm and leg cycling (CALC) can improve acute glucose metabolism in non-diabetic college aged adults. If a short bout of CALC can improve glucose metabolism in individuals that are non-diabetic then one could hypothesize that a short bout of CALC may improve glucose metabolism in individuals that are pre-diabetic. We hypothesized that short bouts of CALC would result in a greater decrease in the 60-min total (tAUC) area under the curve in pre-diabetic compared to non-diabetic males. PURPOSE: To compare acute glucose responses following a short bout of CALC in non and pre-diabetic males. METHODS: College age males were recruited for this trial. Diabetes status was based upon a fasting blood glucose measurement taken after an overnight 12 hour fast. Participants completed three randomized experimental trials. Two of the experimental trials consisted of a 1-min (1M) or 5-min (5M) bout of CALC at a self-selected pace. The third trial was a non-exercise control (CON) trial. Immediately following both exercise trials and during the CON trial, participants completed a 60-min oral glucose tolerance test. A 2-way (diabetes status vs trial) repeated measures ANOVA was done to determine if there were any significant differences between the two groups and the three trials for the tAUC during the 60-min OGTT. RESULTS: A total of 18 college age males completed this study. Fasting blood glucose was 94.0 ± 3.7 and 108.1 ± 4.6 mg/dl for the non (n=8, 21.4 ± 2.4 yrs) and pre-diabetics (n = 10, 22.6 ± 3.9 yrs) participants respectively. There was a significant interaction between trials and diabetes status (p = 0.04) for tAUC. Follow-up analysis showed that within the pre-diabetic group, tAUC was significantly lower in the 5-min trial compared to the CON trial (113.7 ± 22.5 mg/dl, p > 0.001). Within the pre-diabetic group, the tAUC for the 1M trial was not significantly different from the CON or 5M trials. Within the non-diabetic group, there were no significant differences in tAUC between the three trials. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that a 5M bout of CALC done at a self-selected pace may have the ability to acutely improve glucose metabolism in college age pre-diabetic males when compared to non-diabetic males. Supported by a SIUE Graduate School Research Grant for Graduate Students, the School of Education, Health, and Human Behavior Dean's Grant, and the Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities Program. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Setmelanotide Administration Improves Cardiac Systolic Function in Sirtuin-3 Deficient Mice
Authors: Nelson Benjamin , Omoto Ana C. M , Espinoza Micaela , Nall John , Chen Jian-Xiong , Zeng Heng , do Carmo Jussara 
Published: May 2024

We previously showed that activation of the brain leptin-melanocortin system, particularly melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4R), markedly improves cardiac function in experimental models of heart failure (HF) via mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is an important regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and deficiency of Sirt3 has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. We recently found increased Sirt3 expression as well as increased levels of NAD+, the main Sirt3 activator, in cardiomyocytes of rats treated with chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of leptin at a dose that does not spill over into the systemic circulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that stimulation of Sirt3 activity is required for the improvement of cardiac function during activation of the brain leptin-MC4R axis. To test this hypothesis, we first examined if chronic MC4R activation, using an MC4R agonist, setmelanotide, improves cardiac function in naïve Sirt3-deficient (Sirt3-KO) mice. Baseline cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography (VisualSonics-VEVO3100®) in male and female Sirt3-KO and wild-type (WT) control mice (n=5/group) at 20 weeks of age, and then weekly during setmelanotide treatment (2 mg/kg/day — i.p. via osmotic minipump model 1002) for 3 weeks. Chronic MC4R activation with setmelanotide transiently reduced food intake in both groups and promoted weight loss in Sirt3-KO mice. Setmelanotide treatment improved systolic function in WT mice as evidenced by increases in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (EF: 52.8±4.4 vs. 72.4±4.4%; FS: 26.9±2.7 vs. 42.8±6.4%, for baseline vs. week 3, respectively) and other measures of systolic function including circumferential and longitudinal strains. Despite showing a tendency for reduced systolic function compared to WT controls at baseline, Sirt3-KO mice also exhibited improvement in systolic function with setmelanotide administration (EF: 44.1±1.8 vs. 65.3±2.9% and FS: 21.4±1.0 vs. 35.1±2.1%). No major changes were observed in measures of diastolic function. These results suggest that in a non-HF model, MC4R activation does not require stimulation of Sirt3 to improve indices of systolic function. (1R01HL163076, 1R01DK121411, P20GM104357, P30GM149404, U54GM115428, and AHA-835218). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Comparison effects of Natural and Artificial lighting on selected blood physiological variables of broilers grown to 56 days of age
Authors: Olanrewaju Hammed , MAGEE CHRISTOPHER , Collier Stephanie , Linhoss John , Baker-Cook Bethany , Purswell Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Light is one of the major enviro-climatic factors in poultry houses that influences physiology and metabolic processes and impact poultry welfare, health, production and behaviors. This study compared the effects of natural and artificial lighting on selected blood physiological variables of broilers grown to 56 days of age. In each of the two trials, a total of 704 (352 males/352 females) 1-d- old Ross x Ross 708 chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery on day of hatch. The design structure was a randomized complete block design with two treatments and eight replications per trial. Birds were equally and randomly distributed into 16 environmentally controlled rooms in groups of 44 (22 males/22 females) per room. Thus, each of the two treatments were represented by eight rooms with total of sixteen replicates. Temperature and RH on d 1 were maintained at 90 ± 2.1°F and 50 ± 5%, respectively across all treatments rooms. Temperature was decreased by 4 °F per week until it reached 66 °F at 56 d of age. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Birds were provided a four phase-feeding program (Starter: 0-14 d, Grower: 15-28 d, Finisher: 29-42 d, and Withdrawal: 43-56 d). Blood samples (3 ml) were collected from the brachial wing vein of 3 males and 3 females birds per room on d 28, 42, and 56 which were then analyzed immediately for whole blood physiological variables. Blood plasma samples were analyzed for T3, T4, and corticosterone concentrations. Results showed that artificial light significantly increased sO2 (P < 0.049), SaO2 (P < 0.031), and decreased RHb (P < 0.044) which may be due to slight difference in body weights, but the changes were all within physiological ranges for this species. In addition, blood glucose and plasma corticosterone concentrations were not affected by treatments, signify a similar level of physiological stress between the two light types. In conclusion, physiological variables examined in this study were unaffected by both natural and artificial lighting. However, birds exposed to artificial lighting had slightly increased body weight in comparison with birds reared under natural lighting, which may have a significant impact in commercial poultry production. USDA Agricultural Research Service. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Does diphenhydramine exert a sex-dependent effect on sudomotor responses during exertional heat stress?
Authors: Newhouse Douglas , Lefebvre KarLee , Mihalcin Emily , Nucci Mario , Ravanelli Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The first-generation H1 antihistamine diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) is a potent antimuscarinic agent which may compromise sweat output during heat stress. DPH consumption prior to exertional heat stress could further suppress the sweating response in females due to their lower postjunctional cholinergic sensitivity of the sweat glands relative to males. Objective and Hypothesis: The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that DPH would reduce sweating to a greater extent in females relative to males due to differences in cholinergic sensitivity at the sweat gland. Methods: Equal groups (10 per group) of males (24±3 y; 82.6±10.1 kg; 182±5 cm) and females (22±3 y, 67.7±7.8 kg, 171±6 cm) completed two experimental trials presented in a randomized double-blind fashion. Upon arrival to lab, participants consumed either i) a placebo (PLA) pill or ii) 50 mg DPH and then rested in a room maintained at ~29.5°C & 35% RH for 2 hours before conducting a 60-minute treadmill march at a fixed rate of heat production relative to body surface area (~245 W/m2). Rectal temperature (Trec), local sweat rate of the forearm (LSR), and whole body sweat loss (WBSL) were measured. Sex-segregated analysis was conducted for each outcome variable as the difference between PLA and DPH. Results: Baseline Trec did not differ within sex between PLA and DPH (males: -0.10±0.26°C; females: -0.05±0.33°C, P=0.70), however a higher absolute baseline Trec was observed in females compared to males (P=0.006). In comparison to PLA, DPH did not exert a sex-dependent effect on ΔTrec following 60-min of exercise (males: 0.04±0.11°C; females: 0.02±0.37°C, P=0.90). No sex-dependent effect on the onset of sweating was observed between DPH and PLA (males: -0.4±2.6 min; females: 0.6±2.4 min, P=0.34). DPH did not exert a sex-dependent effect on LSR at steady-state (males: 0.03±0.25 mg/cm2/min; females: -0.01±0.21 mg/cm2/min, P=0.71). Lastly, no sex-dependent effect on WBSL was observed between PLA and DPH (males: 14±34 g; females: 6±43 g, P=0.98). Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that sex does not independently modulate the sweating response during exertional heat stress following the consumption of 50 mg of DPH. This research is supported by Dr. Ravanelli’s Research Seed Grant from the Centre for Research in Occupational Safety & Health, and Dr. Ravanelli’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (PIN#2022-05096). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.