bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs and the resolution phase of inflammation in macrophages
Authors: Alam Muhammad M. , O'Neill Luke A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) signal the presence of pathogens and tissue injury, triggering the inflammatory process in macrophages. The goal of inflammation is to resolve the injury and return the body to homeostasis. MicroRNAs are an important group of regulators of TLR signaling and several are induced by TLRs in macrophages. These TLR‐induced microRNAs target signaling components in the TLR pathway, thereby producing a negative feedback loop, and they are therefore prime candidates for the initiation of repair. Importantly, their dysregualtion may be important for chronic inflammation, which in turn can lead to autoimmunity and cancer, as discussed in this Viewpoint.
NOD mice contain an elevated frequency of iNKT17 cells that exacerbate diabetes
Authors: Simoni Yannick , Gautron Anne‐Sophie , Beaudoin Lucie , Bui Linh‐Chi , Michel Marie‐Laure , Coumoul Xavier , Eberl Gérard , Leite‐de‐Moraes Maria , Lehuen Agnès 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInvariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a distinct lineage of innate‐like T lymphocytes and converging studies in mouse models have demonstrated the protective role of iNKT cells in the development of type 1 diabetes. Recently, a new subset of iNKT cells, producing high levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐17, has been identified (iNKT17 cells). Since this cytokine has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases, we have analyzed iNKT17 cell frequency, absolute number and phenotypes in the pancreas and lymphoid organs in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The role of iNKT17 cells in the development of diabetes was investigated using transfer experiments. NOD mice exhibit a higher frequency and absolute number of iNKT17 cells in the lymphoid organs as compared with C57BL/6 mice. iNKT17 cells infiltrate the pancreas of NOD mice where they express IL‐17 mRNA. Contrary to the protective role of CD4+ iNKT cells, the CD4− iNKT cell population, which contains iNKT17 cells, enhances the incidence of diabetes. Treatment with a blocking anti‐IL‐17 antibody prevents the exacerbation of the disease. This study reveals that different iNKT cell subsets play distinct roles in the regulation of type 1 diabetes and iNKT17 cells, which are abundant in NOD mice, exacerbate diabetes development.
Abnormalities of dendritic cell precursors in the pancreas of the NOD mouse model of diabetes
Authors: Welzen‐Coppens Jojanneke M. C. , van Helden‐Meeuwsen Cornelia G. , Drexhage Hemmo A. , Versnel Marjan A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a widely used animal model for the study of human diabetes. Before the start of lymphocytic insulitis, DC accumulation around islets of Langerhans is a hallmark for autoimmune diabetes development in this model. Previous experiments indicated that an inflammatory influx of these DCs in the pancreas is less plausible. Here, we investigated whether the pancreas contains DC precursors and whether these precursors contribute to DC accumulation in the NOD pancreas. Fetal pancreases of NOD and control mice were isolated followed by FACS using ER‐MP58, Ly6G, CD11b and Ly6C. Sorted fetal pancreatic ER‐MP58+ cells were cultured with GM‐CSF and tested for DC markers and antigen processing. CFSE labeling and Ki‐67 staining were used to determine cell proliferation in cultures and tissues. Ly6Chi and Ly6Clow precursors were present in fetal pancreases of NOD and control mice. These precursors developed into CD11c+MHCII+CD86+ DCs capable of processing DQ‐OVA. ER‐MP58+ cells in the embryonic and pre‐diabetic NOD pancreas had a higher proliferation capacity. Our observations support a novel concept that pre‐diabetic DC accumulation in the NOD pancreas is due to aberrant enhanced proliferation of local precursors, rather than to aberrant “inflammatory infiltration” from the circulation.
Epigenetic control of macrophage polarization
Authors: Takeuch Osamu , Akira Shizuo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEpigenetic control of gene expression is critical for cellular differentiation and development. Macrophage development, polarization and activation are also controlled by DNA and histone modifications. This Viewpoint summarizes the recent findings on the role of histone modifications regulating macrophage polarization toward M1 and M2 subtypes.
CISH is induced during DC development and regulates DC‐mediated CTL activation
Authors: Miah Mohammad Alam , Yoon Cheol‐Hee , Kim Joonoh , Jang Jinah , Seong Young‐Rim , Bae Yong‐Soo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe cytokine inducible SH2‐domain protein (CISH) is a well‐known STAT5 target gene, but its role in the immune system remains uncertain. In this study, we found that CISH is predominantly induced during dendritic cell (DC) development from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells and plays a crucial role in type 1 DC development and DC‐mediated CTL activation. CISH knockdown reduced the expression of MHC class I, co‐stimulatory molecules and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in BMDCs. Meanwhile, the DC yield was markedly enhanced by CISH knockdown via cell‐cycle activation and reduction of cell apoptosis. Down‐regulation of cell proliferation at the later stage of DC development was found to be associated with CISH‐mediated negative feedback regulation of STAT5 activation. In T‐cell immunity, OT‐1 T‐cell proliferation was significantly reduced by CISH knockdown in DCs, whereas OT‐2 T‐cell proliferation was not affected by CISH knockdown. CTLs generated by DC vaccination were also markedly reduced by CISH knockdown, followed by significant impairment of DC‐based tumor immunotherapy. Taken together, our data suggest that CISH expression at the later stage of DC development triggers the shutdown of DC progenitor cell proliferation and facilitates DC differentiation into a potent stimulator of CTLs.
Intrinsic expression of Nod2 in CD4+ T lymphocytes is not necessary for the development of cell‐mediated immunity and host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Caetano Braulia C. , Biswas Amlan , Lima‐Junior Djalma S. , Benevides Luciana , Mineo Tiago W. P. , Horta Catarina V. , Lee Kyoung‐Hee , Silva Joao S. , Gazzinelli Ricardo T. , Zamboni Dario S. , Kobayashi Koichi S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNod2 belongs to the nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat family of proteins and senses bacterial cell wall components to initiate innate immune responses against various pathogens. Recently, it has been reported that T‐cell‐intrinsic expression of Nod2 promotes host defense against Toxoplasma gondii infection by inducing type 1 immunity. Here, we present results that demonstrate that Nod2 does not play a role in the defense against T. gondii infection. Nod2‐deficient mice were fully capable of inducing Th1 immune responses and did not show enhanced susceptibility to infection. Upon TCR stimulation in vitro, Nod2‐deficient CD4+ T cells showed normal activation, IL‐2 production, proliferation, and Th1/2 differentiation. Nod2 mRNA and protein were expressed in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells at substantial levels. Therefore, Nod2, although expressed in CD4+ T cells, does not have an intrinsic function in T‐cell activation and differentiation.
Langerin, the “Catcher in the Rye”: An important receptor for pathogens on Langerhans cells
Authors: Stoitzner Patrizia , Romani Nikolaus 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLangerhans cells (LCs) are a distinct subset of DCs that resides in the epidermis and other epithelia. They are potent antigen‐presenting cells and strong inducers of T‐cell responses. Like other DC types, LCs express C‐type lectins that serve as antigen/pathogen uptake receptors, with Langerin/CD207 being the characteristic LC C‐type lectin. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Geijtenbeek and colleagues [Eur. J. Immunol. 2011. 41: 2619–2631] assign a role to Langerin on human LCs for binding and capturing measles virus. Interestingly, however, this function does not correlate with productive infection or with cross‐presentation of measles virus. These authors show that measles virus does not infect the LCs via Langerin, and that LCs cannot cross‐present the virus to CD8+ T cells; however, presentation of this virus to CD4+ T cells occurs and is dependent on virus capture by Langerin. Thus, cross‐presentation of measles virus may be left to skin DCs other than LCs. This highlights the complexity of anti‐viral T‐cell responses that originate in the skin and also emphasizes the need for intensified investigations into human skin DCs in order to be able to ultimately harness their potential for immunotherapy.
Synthesis, Structural Studies, and Catalytic Application of Palladium Complexes Containing Anilido‐Oxazolinate Ligands
Authors: Peng Kuo‐Fu , Chen Chi‐Tien 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of palladium anilido‐oxazolinate complexes 1–8 prepared from ligand precursors HNArOxa [ortho‐C6H4(NHAr)(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazoline) where Ar = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl, HNPhTriMeOxa; 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl, HNPhDiiPrOxa; phenyl, HNPhHOxa; 2‐methoxyphenyl, HNPhOMeOxa; 2‐methylthiophenyl, HNPhSMeOxa] is reported. Treatment of HNArOxawith 1.1 equiv. Pd(OAc)2 afforded palladium(II) acetate complexes (NPhTriMeOxa)Pd(η2‐OAc) (1) and (NPhDiiPrOxa)Pd(η2‐OAc) (2) as monomeric complexes, [(NPhHOxa)Pd(OAc)]2 (3) as an anilido‐bridged dinuclear complex, [(NPhOMeOxa)Pd(OAc)]2 (4) as an acetate‐bridged dinuclear complex, and (NPhSMeOxa)Pd(OAc) (5) as a monomeric complex. The reactions of 2, 4, and 5 with an excess of NaCl(aq.) in acetone yielded palladium(II) chloride complexes, [(NPhDiiPrOxa)Pd(Cl)]2 (6) as a chloro‐bridged dinuclear complex, (NPhOMeOxa)Pd(Cl) (7) as a monomeric complex, [(NPhOMeOxa)Pd(Cl)]2 (7′) as an anilido‐bridged dinuclear complex, and (NPhSMeOxa)Pd(Cl) (8) as a monomeric complex. The crystal and molecular structures of 1–8 are reported, and their application towards Suzuki and Heck reactions with a wide range of aryl halides has been examined.
A New Route to Lead Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
Authors: Ramasamy Karthik , Nejo Ayorinde Olufunke , Ziqubu Nonto , Rajasekhar Pullabhotla V. S. R. , Nejo Adeola A. , Revaprasadu Neerish , O'Brien Paul 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNanoparticles of lead sulfide, selenide and telluride have been synthesized by the reduction of sulfur, selenium or tellurium powder with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) to produce sulfide, selenide or telluride ions, followed by their reaction with a lead salt. In comparison to the chloride, nitrate or sulfate, considerable control of the product is possible when lead carbonate is used as the salt; various shapes of nanoparticles are obtained on varying temperatures and/or times of reaction. The nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Dependence of the Reactivity of Acridine on Its Substituents: A Computational and Kinetic Study
Authors: Zawada Zbigniew , Šebestík Jaroslav , Šafařík Martin , Bouř Petr 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAromatic nucleophilic substitution on the C9 carbon of acridine plays an important role in multiple biological and medicinal applications. The rate of the key reaction is strongly dependent on the environment and acridine substituents. In this study, the factors influencing the reaction mechanism were studied theoretically and verified experimentally for simplified systems. Density functional theory was used for the computations. The activation energy of a model derivative was determined experimentally from a kinetic study. Also, the relative reactivities of selected compounds were verified by a competition experiment. The theoretical predictions correlate well with the observations. The computed reaction path confirms that the thiol group attacks the aromatic core activated by the nitrogen heteroatom and replaces halogen or amino substituents via a well‐defined Meisenheimer transition state. The reaction barrier is strongly influenced by both the solvent and substituents on the aromatic system. A multistep mechanism is proposed for the reaction of aminoacridine in which the aqueous solvent participates in the reaction. Strong correlations between reaction energies and geometrical parameters were observed and can be used to rationalize the design of acridine drugs as well as to avoid lengthy computations of the transition states.
Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Pentahydroxylated Pyrrolizidine Hyacinthacine C5 and Its C6,C7 Epimer
Authors: Tamayo Juan A. , Franco Francisco , Sánchez‐Cantalejo Fernando 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of two pentahydroxylated pyrrolizidines, hyacinthacine C5 (1) and 6,7‐di‐epi‐hyacinthacine C5 (12), from an orthogonally protected pyrrolidine of 2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐D‐mannitol configuration (i.e., 7) is described. The analytical and spectroscopic data of synthetic 1 present some differences with those of natural hyacinthacine C5 that exceed the previously observed variations in similar compounds. On this respect, additional studies on chemical derivatives of synthetic 1 support our initially proposed structure and establish the absolute configuration of putative (+)‐hyacinthacine C5 as that shown in 1. These studies lead us to conclude that the natural compound originally labeled as (+)‐hyacinthacine C5 might be a different isomer.
Evaluation of the separation mechanism of electrokinetic chromatography with a microemulsion and cyclodextrins using NMR and molecular modeling
Authors: Melani Fabrizio , Giannini Iacopo , Pasquini Benedetta , Orlandini Serena , Pinzauti Sergio , Furlanetto Sandra 
Published: October 2011

AbstractElectrokinetic chromatography (EKC) allows the separation of closely related substances by the detection of fine effects in analyte–separation system interactions. With the goal of understanding the fine effects involved in separation using a dual cyclodextrin–microemulsion EKC system, an integrated study of NMR and molecular modeling was carried out. The above dual cyclodextrin–microemulsion system was previously used in the separation of clemastine and its related substances and was prepared by the addition of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) and heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (DMβCD) to an oil‐in‐water microemulsion. The use of DMβCD was shown to be essential in the separation of clemastine from one of its related substance (IB). A molecular modeling study allowed the different affinities of clemastine and IB for the two cyclodextrins to be explained. Furthermore, rotating‐frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy NMR experiments clearly indicated that besides the primary pseudostationary phase, namely the ionic microemulsion, cyclodextrins acted as a secondary pseudostationary phase. In addition, it was shown that inclusion complexation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) monomers into the cyclodextrins cavity occurs; differently, the oil (n‐heptane) used in the preparation of microemulsion system resulted to be not included into the macrocycle cavity. These experimental results were supported by molecular modeling, which highlighted the preferential inclusion of SDS into DMβCD. On the basis of these results, it was confirmed that, besides its primary role as the ionic carrier in EKC, SDS is involved in inclusion equilibria toward CDs, which can be effective in increasing the system selectivity.
Isolation of improved free fatty acid overproducing strains of Escherichia coli via nile red based high‐throughput screening
Authors: Hoover Spencer W. , Tyler Youngquist J. , Angart Phil A. , Withers Sydnor T. , Lennen Rebecca M. , Pfleger Brian F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBiological production of hydrocarbons is an attractive strategy to produce drop‐in replacement transportation fuels. Several methods for converting microbially produced fatty acids into reduced compounds compatible with petrodiesel have been reported. For these processes to become economically viable, microorganisms must be engineered to approach the theoretical yield of fatty acid products from renewable feedstocks such as glucose. Strains with increased titers can be obtained through both rational and random approaches. While powerful, random approaches require a genetic selection or facile screen that is amenable to high throughput platforms. Here, we present the use of a high throughput screen for fatty acids based on the hydrophobic dye Nile red. The method was applied to screening a transposon library of a free fatty acid overproducing strain of Escherichia coli in search of high producing mutants. Ten gene targets were identified via primary and secondary screening. A strain comprising a clean knockout of one of the identified genes led to a 20% increase in titer over the baseline strain. A selection strategy that combines these findings and can act in an iterative fashion has been developed and can be used for future strain optimization in hydrocarbon producing strains. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
User scheduling for multi‐antenna downland channels with limited feedback
Authors: Razi Adeel , Shao Yubin , Yuan Jinhong 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, several multi‐user scheduling algorithms with limited channel feedback are proposed for multi‐antenna downland channels. With little channel quality information (CQI) and channel direction information (CDI) at multi‐antenna base station, multi‐user scheduling algorithms are carefully designed to maximise the potential system throughput while reducing the feedback load. We first propose a scheduling algorithm that requires a quantised CDI and a threshold CQI. Then we propose a scheduling that needs limited feedback of a threshold CDI and a perfect CQI. Both scheduling algorithms are studied in terms of the achievable throughput and the feedback load. Analytical results show that the proposed scheduling with limited channel feedback has a small performance degradation compared with the scheduling with unlimited channel feedback when the thresholds for user scheduling are judiciously designed. Moreover, under a per user total bit rate constraint of the feedback channel, we propose a scheduling with the quantisation of both CQI and CDI. It is demonstrated that allocating 1 bit to the CQI with an optimal threshold and the remaining bits to the CDI achieves the near optimal sum‐rate performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic resource allocation in relay‐assisted OFDMA cellular system
Authors: Da Bin , Ko Chi Chung 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis study investigates a relay‐assisted orthogonal frequency division multiple access cellular system with joint consideration of direct and relaying paths. In this system, a novel implementation adopting full‐duplex relaying is proposed for joint relay‐destination selection, subcarrier and power allocation. This new implementation can be shown to significantly improve spectrum efficiency as compared with the conventional half‐duplex relaying orthogonal frequency division multiple access. In addition, the proposed scheme enables flexible controllability on the tradeoff between system capacity and user fairness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identity‐by‐descent‐based phasing and imputation in founder populations using graphical models
Authors: Palin Kimmo , Campbell Harry , Wright Alan F. , Wilson James F. , Durbin Richard 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAccurate knowledge of haplotypes, the combination of alleles co‐residing on a single copy of a chromosome, enables powerful gene mapping and sequence imputation methods. Since humans are diploid, haplotypes must be derived from genotypes by a phasing process. In this study, we present a new computational model for haplotype phasing based on pairwise sharing of haplotypes inferred to be Identical‐By‐Descent (IBD). We apply the Bayesian network based model in a new phasing algorithm, called systematic long‐range phasing (SLRP), that can capitalize on the close genetic relationships in isolated founder populations, and show with simulated and real genome‐wide genotype data that SLRP substantially reduces the rate of phasing errors compared to previous phasing algorithms. Furthermore, the method accurately identifies regions of IBD, enabling linkage‐like studies without pedigrees, and can be used to impute most genotypes with very low error rate. Genet. Epidemiol. 2011.  © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.35:853‐860, 2011
Increased executive functioning, attention, and cortical thickness in white‐collar criminals
Authors: Raine Adrian , Laufer William S. , Yang Yaling , Narr Katherine L. , Thompson Paul , Toga Arthur W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVery little is known on white‐collar crime and how it differs to other forms of offending. This study tests the hypothesis that white‐collar criminals have better executive functioning, enhanced information processing, and structural brain superiorities compared with offender controls. Using a case‐control design, executive functioning, orienting, and cortical thickness was assessed in 21 white‐collar criminals matched with 21 controls on age, gender, ethnicity, and general level of criminal offending. White‐collar criminals had significantly better executive functioning, increased electrodermal orienting, increased arousal, and increased cortical gray matter thickness in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, somatosensory cortex, and the temporal‐parietal junction compared with controls. Results, while initial, constitute the first findings on neurobiological characteristics of white‐collar criminals. It is hypothesized that white‐collar criminals have information‐processing and brain superiorities that give them an advantage in perpetrating criminal offenses in occupational settings. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tandem Palladium/Charcoal‐Copper(I) Iodide (Pd/C‐CuI) Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling and Intramolecular Cyclization from 2‐Bromonicotinic Acid (=2‐Bromopyridine‐3‐carboxylic Acid) and Ethynylarenes to 4‐Azaphthalides (=Furo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐5(7H)‐ones) and 5‐Azaisocoumarins (=5H‐Pyrano[4,3‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones)
Authors: Begouin Agathe , Queiroz Maria‐João ;R. P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeveral 4‐azaphthalides (=furo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐5(7H)‐ones) and 5‐azaisocoumarins (=5H‐pyrano[4,3‐b]pyridin‐5‐ones) were prepared through a tandem heterogeneous Pd/C‐mediated Sonogashira coupling and a 5‐exo‐dig or 6‐endo‐dig intramolecular cyclization of 2‐bromonicotinic acid (=2‐bromopyridine‐3‐carboxyclic acid) with various ethynylarenes or 3‐ethynylthiophene. In the presence of Pd/CPh3PCuI and Et3N in dry dioxane under Ar at 90°, a mixture of 4‐azaphthalides (usually the major product) and 5‐azaisocoumarins was obtained after 3.5 h under normal heating (Schemes 3 and 4; Tables 1 and 2). This mixture of compounds was also obtained with the same catalytic system under microwave (MW) irradiation in only 25 min (Tables 3 and 4). The 1‐ethynyl‐3‐methoxybenzene gave on heating only the corresponding 4‐azaphthalide (Table 2), while under MW irradiation, both the 5‐exo‐dig and the 6‐endo‐dig products were obtained (Table 4). For the 3‐ethynylthiophene, the regioselectivity for the corresponding 4‐azaphthalide was achieved with both methods (Tables 2 and 4). Although the yields and the regioselectivity of the reaction generally remained the same with both methods, the use of MW allowed us to obtain the corresponding products in a shorter reaction time. From 4‐ethynyl‐N,N‐dimethylaniline (=4‐ethynyl‐N,N‐dimethylbenzenamine), the corresponding 4‐azaphthalide and 5‐isocoumarin were only obtained under MW irradiation (Tables 2 and 4). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that this kind of tandem reaction was applied to a pyridine derivative giving the corresponding 4‐azaphthalides and 5‐azaisocoumarins which are easily separated and may both show biological activity.