bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐model spread and probabilistic seasonal forecasts in PROVOST
Authors: Doblas‐Reyes Francisco J. , Déqué Michel , Piedelievre Jean‐Philippe 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe skill of the PROVOST (PRediction Of climate Variations On Seasonal to interannual Time‐scales) long‐range multi‐model ensemble integrations is analysed. The ensemble PROVOST forecasts result from integrating three different models over the period 1979–93 using analysed sea surface temperatures. For each model, a set of nine‐member ensembles have been run from consecutive European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts re‐analyses. Using the full set of models, a large multi‐model ensemble has been constructed and verified.Positive skill is found for forecasts of geopotential at 500 hPa, temperature at 850 hPa and precipitation. Skilful forecasts tend to occur at the same time in most of the models when skill is computed over large areas; the European region is poorly forecast. The skill commonality may be due to the use of either similar initial conditions or boundary conditions. Skill is shown to be at a maximum in late winter and early spring in mid latitudes. No means have been found for linearly predicting the skill of the ensemble mean using the ensemble spread. The multi‐model ensemble improves the skill of the individual models only marginally when verifying the ensemble mean. However, when using the full ensemble in a probabilistic formulation, the multi‐model approach offers a systematic improvement. The improvement arises both from the use of different models in the ensemble and from the higher ensemble size obtained by combining all of the models for building the multi‐model ensemble. It is shown that a part of the skill improvement in the tropics is due to the multi‐model approach, mainly in spring and summer. On the other hand, most of the gain in the extratropics comes from the increase in ensemble size.
Influence of Coating Granulation Process on Iron Ore Sinter Quality and Productivity
Authors: Umadevi T. , Deodhar A.V. , Mahapatra P.C. , Prabhu M. , Ranjan Madhu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFor better blast furnace performance, there has always been a need for better quality raw materials like sinter, lump ore, and pellets. Among these raw materials the usage of sinter in blast furnace is at higher side compared to other iron bearing materials. As the quality of sinter product improves, its usage in blast furnaces also increases. Iron ore fines are the main source for sinter making. To improve the sinter properties it is necessary to provide good quality of iron ore fines. Due to depletion of high grade iron ore resources, goethite and limonitic ore content in iron ore fines is expected to increase gradually. Usually limonitic and goethite ore are associated with higher alumina and LOI. The conventional sintering process is one of the well established processes for high quality hematite ore. It does not fully respond to the low grade iron ore associated with goethite and limonite. This has led to deterioration in sinter properties and productivity. In recent years the improvement in the quasi‐particle structure with the granulation process is an effective method for improving sinter quality and productivity. To improve the sinter quality and productivity for low grade iron ore fines, different granulation processes like the conventional one, and other two advanced granulation processes like coke breeze, and flux & coke breeze coating granulation were studied in detail by conducting laboratory pot grate sintering experiments. From the test results it was found that sinter productivity, physical and metallurgical properties of the sinter improved with flux & coke breeze coating granulation process compared to conventional and coke breeze coating granulation process.Proper selection of the granulation time is very important to achieve the desired sinter properties. In the present work detailed laboratory experiments have been carried out by varying the coating time from 30s to 110s to study the influence of flux & coke breeze coating granulation time on mineralogy, productivity, physical, and metallurgical properties of sinter. With a coating granulation time of 50s, higher productivity, higher yield, and stronger sinter (higher T.I) with lower RDI and ‐5mm size sinter were achieved.
Short‐term Lining Temperature Changes during Tapping in a Blast Furnace
Authors: Swartling M. , Sundelin B. , Tilliander A. , Jönsson P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe following paper presents a three‐dimensional heat transfer model of the blast furnace hearth. The model has been developed with the objective of studying the short term changes in lining temperature during regular tappings. It is based on the actual conditions of Blast Furnace No. 2 at SSAB Oxelösund in Sweden. The model was evaluated and analysed using thermocouple data from the operating furnace. The study showed that a layer of tap clay around the tap hole had a significant effect on the heat transfer by reducing the heat variations in the lining. More specifically, a layer of 10–15 cm gave the best correlation between calculated and thermocouple data. A simulation was performed where the melt temperature and the tap cycle duration was based on process data from the operating furnace. Moreover, the size of the area subjected to changes due to the regular tappings was defined. It was found to be the region within an angle of 13° from the tap hole, 0.9 m above and 0.8 m below the tap hole.
Reduction of Pellets‐Nut Coke Mixture under Simulating Blast Furnace Conditions
Authors: Mousa E. , Senk D. , Babich A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn recent years an intensive work has been carried out to decrease the coke losses of the blast furnace through mixing small‐sized coke called “nut coke” in the iron ore burden layers. In order to clarify the influence of nut coke on the pellets reducibility, industrial iron ore pellets were reduced with and without nut coke participation under different temperatures and atmospheres. Isothermal and non‐isothermal reduction tests under simulating blast furnace conditions were performed using an experimental laboratory rig. Furthermore, reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray technique were applied to characterize the microstructure and different phases developed in the origin and reduced pellets. Pellets reduced isothermally without nut coke participation exhibited reduction retardation (RR) at elevated temperature (≥1373 K) whereas the presence of nut coke had a positive effect of preventing such phenomena. The non‐isothermal reduction of pellets showed that, as the amount of nut coke in pellets bed increased, the reducibility of pellets increased, too. The rate controlling mechanism of pellets and pellets‐nut coke mixtures was predicted from the correlation between apparent activation energy calculations and microstructure examination.
The Thermodynamics of Some Transition Metals in Molten Slags
Authors: Yan B. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, the thermodynamic behaviour of transition metals, such as Cr, Ti, Nb and V in molten slags is systematically analysed based on a literature survey. These metals exist in molten slags with multi valences. Oxygen partial pressure, slag basicity, total content of each transition metal, content of each component in slag, and temperature are the influential factors on their thermodynamic properties in molten slags. Higher basicity and strong oxidative atmosphere are generally favourable for the stable existence of transition‐metal ions with higher oxidation states. Temperature is a factor that is less influential than the above‐mentioned ones. For a transition metal in molten slag, the concentration ratio of ions of different valences depends on the activity coefficient ratio of their oxides. The present paper summarizes the activity studies regarding the transition metal oxides in various molten slags. For chromium and titanium oxides, information on CaOSiO2 based systems is involved. For titanium oxides, its thermodynamic behaviour in MnOSiO2 based slags is introduced. For niobium and vanadium, the information in Na2OSiO2, CaOCaF2SiO2 systems is provided. Thermodynamic studies are described for Nb2O5MnOSiO2 molten slag equilibrated with liquid iron at 1828 K.
Infiltration of Open Porous Cellular Iron with α‐Al2O3
Authors: Jiang Y. , Hajas D. E. , Schneider J. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOpen porous cellular iron may be used as structural material but also in filters and heat exchangers due to its large specific surface area, low density, and good thermal conductivity. Currently, the low oxidation resistance of iron limits its use. One way to enhance the oxidation resistance is to deposit a protective α‐Al2O3 coating onto the cellular iron surface using chemical vapour infiltration. Here, we investigate the influence of deposition temperature on the α‐Al2O3 coating thickness homogeneity. Furthermore, the oxidation resistance of the infiltrated cellular iron is studied by thermogravimetric analysis. X‐ray diffraction results show that phase‐pure α‐Al2O3 coatings grow at 950∼1100 °C. Homogeneous coating thickness is favoured at infiltration temperatures below 1000 °C, which is a prerequisite for efficient oxidation protection. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis at 600 °C, the parabolic rate constant of the as received cellular iron is 56% larger than its three hour‐infiltrated counterpart, indicating an improved oxidation resistance due to the protective film. In‐line processing integrating annealing on green cellular iron sample and TiN infiltration treatment steps in one process was successfully carried out.
Transdural motor cortex stimulation reverses neuropathic pain in rats: A profile of neuronal activation
Authors: Paganol Rosana L. , Assisl Danielle V. , Claral Joseph A. , Alvesl Adilson S. , Dalel Camila S. , Teixeiral Manoel J. , Fonoffl Erich T. , Brittol Luiz R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMotor cortex stimulation (MCS) has been used to treat patients with neuropathic pain resistant to other therapeutic approaches; however, the mechanisms of pain control by MCS are still not clearly understood. We have demonstrated that MCS increases the nociceptive threshold of naive conscious rats, with opioid participation. In the present study, the effect of transdural MCS on neuropathic pain in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve was investigated. In addition, the pattern of neuronal activation, evaluated by Fos and Zif268 immunolabel, was performed in the spinal cord and brain sites associated with the modulation of persistent pain. MCS reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by peripheral neuropathy. After stimulation, Fos immunoreactivity (Fos‐IR) decreased in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and in the ventral posterior lateral and medial nuclei of the thalamus, when compared to animals with neuropathic pain. Furthermore, the MCS increased the Fos‐IR in the periaqueductal gray, the anterior cingulate cortex and the central and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei. Zif268 results were similar to those obtained for Fos, although no changes were observed for Zif268 in the anterior cingulate cortex and the central amygdaloid nucleus after MCS. The present findings suggest that MCS reverts neuropathic pain phenomena in rats, mimicking the effect observed in humans, through activation of the limbic and descending pain inhibitory systems. Further investigation of the mechanisms involved in this effect may contribute to the improvement of the clinical treatment of persistent pain.
Effects of metoclopramide on emesis in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride
Authors: Kolahian Saeed , Jarolmasjed Seyedhosein 
Published: September 2010

The prophylactic anti-emetic effect of five dosages of metoclopramide (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mg/kg, IM) was evaluated against saline solution, both injected 1 h before administration of xylazine in cats. Saline was administered to cats (day 0) followed by sequentially increasing dosages of metoclopramide at 1-week intervals. After xylazine injection, all cats were carefully observed to record the frequency of emesis and the time until onset of the first emetic episode. The onset of sedation in these cats was also studied. Prior treatment with each dosage of metoclopramide significantly reduced the frequency of emetic episodes (P<0.05). Metoclopramide administration prior to xylazine injection did not alter the time until onset of the first emetic episode at any of mentioned dosages, but significantly reduced the time until onset of sedation only at the dose of 1 mg/kg. Metoclopramide may be used as a prophylactic anti-emetic in cats sedated with xylazine hydrochloride.
Reflections on the evolving landscape of social enterprise in North America
Authors: Mendell Marguerite 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Social enterprises, at least in the United States, internalize a hybrid mix of public, private and civil society activity, each and all of which are constituent and confluent. Is social enterprise re-embedding the market in civil society through its engagement to generate social wealth, or is it contributing to a process of dis-embedding, as a market-based approach to address societal issues imposes a strategy of commercialization? Simply asking this question demonstrates how difficult it is to capture this phenomenon in a homogeneous “new welfare mix” paradigm that realigns state, market and civil society relations. Not only do national contexts matter, but degrees of marketization or commercialization do as well. This article provides a broad overview of social enterprise in the North American context. In examining the literature on social enterprise, one navigates through a lexicon of numerous terms and definitions.
Using coalitional games on biological networks to measure centrality and power of genes
Authors: Moretti Stefano , Fragnelli Vito , Patrone Fioravante , Bonassi Stefano 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Motivation: The interpretation of gene interaction in biological networks generates the need for a meaningful ranking of network elements. Classical centrality analysis ranks network elements according to their importance but may fail to reflect the power of each gene in interaction with the others.
Results: We introduce a new approach using coalitional games to evaluate the centrality of genes in networks keeping into account genes' interactions. The Shapley value for coalitional games is used to express the power of each gene in interaction with the others and to stress the centrality of certain hub genes in the regulation of biological pathways of interest. The main improvement of this contribution, with respect to previous applications of game theory to gene expression analysis, consists in a finer resolution of the gene interaction investigated in the model, which is based on pairwise relationships of genes in the network. In addition, the new approach allows for the integration of a priori knowledge about genes playing a key function on a certain biological process. An approximation method for practical computation on large biological networks, together with a comparison with other centrality measures, is also presented.
Contact: stefano.moretti@dauphine.fr
Correlation of helicopter rotor aeroelastic response with HART‐II wind tunnel test data
Authors: Arun Kumar A. , Viswamurthy S.R. , Ganguli R. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to validate a comprehensive aeroelastic analysis for a helicopter rotor with the higher harmonic control aeroacoustic rotor test (HART‐II) wind tunnel test data.Design/methodology/approachAeroelastic analysis of helicopter rotor with elastic blades based on finite element method in space and time and capable of considering higher harmonic control inputs is carried out. Moderate deflection and coriolis nonlinearities are included in the analysis. The rotor aerodynamics are represented using free wake and unsteady aerodynamic models.FindingsGood correlation between analysis and HART‐II wind tunnel test data is obtained for blade natural frequencies across a range of rotating speeds. The basic physics of the blade mode shapes are also well captured. In particular, the fundamental flap, lag and torsion modes compare very well. The blade response compares well with HART‐II result and other high‐fidelity aeroelastic code predictions for flap and torsion mode. For the lead‐lag response, the present analysis prediction is somewhat better than other aeroelastic analyses.Research limitations/implicationsPredicted blade response trend with higher harmonic pitch control agreed well with the wind tunnel test data, but usually contained a constant offset in the mean values of lead‐lag and elastic torsion response. Improvements in the modeling of the aerodynamic environment around the rotor can help reduce this gap between the experimental and numerical results.Practical implicationsCorrelation of predicted aeroelastic response with wind tunnel test data is a vital step towards validating any helicopter aeroelastic analysis. Such efforts lend confidence in using the numerical analysis to understand the actual physical behavior of the helicopter system. Also, validated numerical analyses can take the place of time‐consuming and expensive wind tunnel tests during the initial stage of the design process.Originality/valueWhile the basic physics appears to be well captured by the aeroelastic analysis, there is need for improvement in the aerodynamic modeling which appears to be the source of the gap between numerical predictions and HART‐II wind tunnel experiments.
Downsizing implementation and financial performance
Authors: Muñoz‐Bullon Fernando , Sanchez‐Bueno Maria J. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to analyze whether the way that downsizing is implemented has any impact on the firm's performance.Design/methodology/approachThe sample under investigation consists of a set of Spanish companies, which downsized between 1995 and 2001. The paper includes downsizing announcements and combines information from two different datasets (BARATZ and SABI). The focus is placed on the size of downsizing and the use of disengagement incentives.FindingsA negative relationship between the size of downsizing and post‐downsizing corporate performance is found. In particular, firms which announced severe downsizing experience relatively lower performance in the year following the announcement.Originality/valueThe analysis advances organizational research by reinforcing the concept that firm performance is not only contingent on strategies, but also influenced by the means through which these strategies are implemented.
Competitive strategy, structure and firm performance
Authors: Pertusa‐Ortega Eva M. , Molina‐Azorín José F. , Claver‐Cortés Enrique 
Published: September 2010

PurposeDecisions about the design of the organization and the competitive strategy of a firm are very important in order to gain competitive advantage and to improve firm performance. The relationship between organizational structure, competitive strategy, and firm performance has usually been analyzed using the contingency approach. The objective of this paper is to extend the relevant empirical literature of the strategy‐structure‐performance paradigm by comparing the resource‐based view (RBV) with contingency theory. To that end, the paper seeks to examine how organizational structure affects firm performance, taking into account the relationship with competitive strategy.Design/methodology/approachA sample of large Spanish firms was studied using the partial least squares (PLS) technique.FindingsThe results support both the RBV and the contingency approach, but the RBV is more strongly supported. The findings show that organizational structure does not exert a direct influence on performance, but has an indirect influence through competitive strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to large firms. Therefore, they cannot be generalized to smaller companies. In addition, the use of opinion scales gives the study a subjective character. However, in this respect, most of the characteristics of organizational structure and competitive strategy are difficult to measure with objective data.Originality/valueResearchers have studied the relationship between strategy and structure for a long time based on contingency theory. This study provides an alternative formulation for organizational design theory, based on the RBV, which makes it possible to reframe the relationships between strategy and structure by analyzing the organizational structure as a valuable resource and a source of competitive advantage.
An approach for selecting a theoretical framework for the evaluation of training programs
Authors: Eduardo Tasca Jorge , Ensslin Leonardo , Rolim Ensslin Sandra , Bernardete Martins Alves Maria 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThis research paper proposes a method for selecting references related to a research topic, and seeks to exemplify it for the case of a study evaluating training programs. The method is designed to identify references with high academic relevance in databases accessed via the internet, using a bibliometric analysis to sift the selected articles.Design/methodology/approachThe study is descriptive, in so far as its goal is to describe a method, and the nature of the paper is theoretical. The study incorporates an inductive logic, and draws on secondary data sources. The study combines qualitative and quantitative methods, and can therefore be described as mixed method. The research involves the application of a technical procedure.FindingsThe method employed sifted a large number of potential resources identified in a search of the internet and, after 11 stages in the proposed process, 11 papers were identified as being relevant to the research topic and highly cited. Descriptive statistics are provided of where those articles were published, how extensively the authors of those papers were published, the nature of the journals in which the papers appeared, and scientific recognition (number of citations).Originality/valueThe relevance of this work for HRD research is in the proposal for a structured process for identifying relevant academic articles relating to the research context, in the presentation of 11 highlighted articles in the area of training programs evaluation, in the identification of the main authors of this area of knowledge, and in the identification of the main journals that address the theme of the evaluation of training programs. Thus, practitioners, researchers and students can direct their attention to the articles, authors and journals that are most relevant to the theme of evaluation of training programs.