bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ribosomal A‐site: Decoding, Drug Target, and Disease
Authors: Matt Tanja , Akbergenov Rashid , Shcherbakov Dmitry , Böttger Erik C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAbstract: Accurate decoding is central in protein synthesis. It occurs at the aa‐tRNA decoding site (A‐site) on the small ribosomal subunit to recognize the interactions between the aa‐tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon. Ribosomal RNA sequence polymorphism in the mitoribosomal A‐site is associated with maternally transmitted deafness and hypersusceptibility to aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides, an important class of broad‐range antimicrobial agents, bind to the A‐site of the small ribosomal subunit. These compounds preferentially target the prokaryotic over the eukaryotic ribosome and affect protein synthesis by inducing codon misreading and inhibiting tRNA translocation. The therapeutic use of these compounds is compromised by significant toxicity, in particular ototoxicity. Recent evidence converges on mitochondrial mistranslation as a key element in both mitochondrial rRNA polymorphism‐associated and aminoglycoside‐induced deafness. It constitutes a formidable challenge to build upon this insight and to develop aminoglycosides which are more selective and consequently may not be plagued by mechanism of action related toxicity.
Elongation Factors EFIA and EF‐Tu: Their Role in Translation and Beyond
Authors: Berisio Rita , Ruggiero Alessia , Vitagliano Luigi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractProtein biosynthesis is a central process in cell life. Although the ribosome provides the machinery for biosynthesis, successful translation of the information contained in mRNA also relies on a number of protein factors that transiently associate with this giant ribonucleic complex. Among them, the elongation factors EF‐Tu (bacteria) and EFIA (eukarya and archaea), which carry the aa‐tRNA to the ribosome, have earned a special consideration. Here we present an excursus of structural information collected in the last decade on these enzymes. A significant advance in this field has been the recent crystallographic characterization of the complex between ribosome and EF‐Tu. These findings, along with structural studies performed on EF‐Tu complexes with small molecules and proteins, have provided a picture of the interactions of these proteins with a differentiate variety of biological partners. In contrast to EF‐Tu, the structural characterization of the states assumed by archaeal and eukaryal EFIA is largely incomplete. Here we also review solution and computational studies that have been successfully applied to integrate and complement crystallographic data. Analogies and differences between EFs isolated from different organisms will be highlighted. The new challenges of this research area, including the structural interpretation of the role of these proteins in other biological processes, are also addressed.
Short‐term exposure to nonylphenol induces pancreatic oxidative stress and alters liver glucose metabolism in adult female rats
Authors: Jubendradass R. , D'Cruz Shereen Cynthia , Mathur P. P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNonylphenol is known to have estrogenic properties and has been reported to cause health hazards to animals and humans. The effects of nonylphenol on pancreas are not clearly elucidated. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of nonylphenol on the oxidative status of pancreas and consequential effects of nonylphenol on some of the end points of carbohydrate metabolism in the female rats. Rats were administered nonylphenol orally at the doses of 1.5, 15, and 150 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 days. After 24 h of last dosing, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The activities of pancreatic superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased with a concomitant increase in the levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation. Nonylphenol increased plasma insulin levels with a concomitant decrease in the levels of plasma glucose as compared to the control groups of rats. A dose‐dependent increase in the activities of liver hexokinase and phosphofructokinase was recorded along with decreased activity of glycogen phosphorylase in liver. Western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease in the levels of GLUT‐2. These results show that nonylphenol causes oxidative stress in pancreas and impairs liver glucose homeostasis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:77–83, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.20361
Thyroid tumor marker genomics and proteomics: Diagnostic and clinical implications
Authors: Carpi Angelo , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Saussez Sven , Nicolini Andrea 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwo systems biology concepts, genomics and proteomics, are highlighted in this review. These techniques are implemented to optimize the use of thyroid tumor markers (TTM). Tissue microarray studies can produce genetic maps and proteomics, patterns of protein expression of TTM derived from preoperative biopsies and specimens. For instance, papillary and medullary thyroid cancers harbor RAS, RET, and BRAF genetic mutations. Follicular thyroid cancers harbor translocations and fusions of certain genes (PAX 8 and PPAR‐gamma). Proteomic analysis from various tissue sources can provide useful information regarding the overall state of a thyroid cancer cell. Understanding the molecular events related to these genetic and protein alterations can potentially clarify thyroid cancer pathogenesis and guide appropriate molecular targeted therapies. However, despite the realization that these emerging technologies hold great promise, there are still significant obstacles to the routine use of TTM. These include equivocal thyroid nodule tissue morphologic interpretations, inadequate standardization of methods, and monetary costs. Interpretative shortcomings are frequently due to the relative scarcity of cellular material from fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens. This can be rectified with large needle aspiration biopsy (LNAB) techniques and is exemplified by the favorable performance of galectin‐3 determinations on LNAB specimens. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 612–619, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and characterization of Vasa in the frog Rana rugosa
Authors: Saotome Kazuhiro , Hayashi Kota , Adachi Noritaka , Nakamura Yoriko , Nakamura Masahisa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe cloned a cDNA encoding Vasa, a member of the DEAD (Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp) family of proteins, from the ovary of the frog Rana rugosa. Comparative alignment of amino acid sequences with known Vasa from several species of vertebrate showed that the R. rugosa orthologue shares eight conserved regions with Vasa from other vertebrates. Vasa gene expression was restricted to the testis and ovary among ten different tissues examined. Vasa expression showed no sexual dimorphism during sex determination in R. rugosa, but became higher in the ovary thereafter. By Western blot analysis, a single Vasa band with a molecular weight of 80.9 kDa was detected. The same antibody immunohistochemically detected Vasa in a few cells in the embryonic endoderm at stage 15; the beginning of closure of neural folds, and in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia in the testis, and oocytes in the ovary of tadpoles at stage XX; marked by one or both forelegs protruded. Together, these results suggest that Vasa is a highly specific marker of germ cells and hence useful for studies of germ cell specification and function in amphibians as it already is in other species of both invertebrates and vertebrates such as Drosophila and zebrafish. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:452–459, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the Bidder's organ in the cane toad (Bufo marinus)
Authors: Abramyan John , Wilhelm Dagmar , Koopman Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn toads, both males and females develop a unique gonadal structure called the Bidder's organ (BO), which resembles ovarian tissue and is attached to the anterior part of the gonad. It is not clear whether the BO is a vestigial organ, or has an endocrine function. In this study, we investigated the expression of the gonadal development genes Dmrt1, Sox9, Sf1, Dax1, and p450arom in the developing BO as compared with the gonads of male and female cane toads. We demonstrate that Sf1, Dax1, and p450arom, key genes involved in vertebrate steroidogenesis, are transcriptionally active in the BO during developmental milestones associated with sexual development and maturation. Furthermore, the pattern of transcriptional activity in the BO is completely independent of the corresponding gonads in both sexes, despite its ovary‐like morphology. These results suggest that the BO likely has a steroidogenic role in the development of the cane toad, distinct from that of the gonads. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 314B:503–513, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotic analysis, regularisation and stable numerical solutions for heavily loaded line EHL contacts
Authors: Kudish Ilya I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA stable numerical approach is developed for solution of problems for heavily loaded line EHL problems and the asymptotic equations of the problem in the inlet and exit contact zones. The numerical approach is based on two ideas: (i) It uses the form of the original and asymptotic EHL equations resolved for pressure involved in the equations for the gap between the lubricated solids; and (ii) It uses regularisation based on an asymptotic solution of the non‐isothermal EHL problem. That allows for a stable solution of the EHL problem even for extremely high dimensionless pressure viscosity coefficients ranging from 0 to 40. Therefore, the paper consists of three parts: (i) Part 1 is devoted to development of an asymptotic approach to solution of heavily loaded EHL contacts and to numerical solution of these equations. This part is very essential as it paves the way to the asymptotic analysis of non‐isothermal EHL problem and, consequently, to construction of a stable regularised numerical algorithm; (ii) Part 2 is devoted to asymptotic and numerical analysis of non‐isothermal EHL problem for heavily loaded contacts; and (iii) Part 3 is devoted to development of regularised stable numerical solutions of the asymptotic and original equations for heavily loaded EHL contacts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity and increased risk of cancer: Does decrease of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level with increasing body mass index explain some of the association?
Authors: Lagunova Zoya , Porojnicu Alina C. , Grant William B. , Bruland Øyvind , Moan Johan E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLow levels of vitamin D and excess body weight are both factors associated with increased risk of cancer. The increased risk seems to be proportional to the increase in BMI, and to decrease in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level. Our earlier investigations suggest that serum 25(OH)D levels decrease with increasing BMI. Although the connection between cancer risk, BMI and vitamin D status might be arbitrary, it has not been discussed in the literature so far. In this study, we analyze data published in current meta‐analysis, prospective studies, and systematic reviews on cancer‐specific risk attributed to high BMI and low vitamin D status. The contribution of low 25(OH)D levels associated with high BMI to increased cancer risk was calculated for 13 vitamin‐D‐sensitive cancers with a focus on colorectal and breast cancer as the most frequently studied vitamin‐D‐sensitive cancer types. Our study suggests that a low vitamin D status may explain at least 20% of the cancer risk attributable to high BMI. The contribution of low 25(OH)D to the increased cancer risk with increasing BMI may be different for different cancer types. Thus, we find 40% for breast cancer, and 26 and 75% for colorectal cancer in men and women, respectively.
Magnetosonoporation: Instant magnetic labeling of stem cells
Authors: Qiu Bensheng , Xie Daohai , Walczak Piotr , Li Xubin , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesus , Minoshima Satoshi , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an instant MR cell labeling technique, called magnetosonoporation. First, a magnetosonoporation apparatus was successfully established for MR labeling of stem cells. Then, the safety of this new cell labeling approach was confirmed by evaluation of cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of magnetosonoporation‐labeled and unlabeled C17.2 neural stem cells. Subsequently, the feasibility of using in vivo MRI to detect magnetosonoporation/Feridex‐labeled stem cells was validated in living animals and confirmed by histologic correlation. The magnetosonoporation technique is expected to be convenient, efficient, and safe for future clinical application of MRI‐guided cell therapies. Magn Reson Med 63:1437–1441, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 32‐channel lattice transmission line array for parallel transmit and receive MRI at 7 tesla
Authors: Adriany Gregor , Auerbach Edward J. , Snyder Carl J. , Gözübüyük Ark , Moeller Steen , Ritter Johannes , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Vaughan Tommy , Uğurbil Kâmil 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTransmit and receive RF coil arrays have proven to be particularly beneficial for ultra‐high‐field MR. Transmit coil arrays enable such techniques as B1+ shimming to substantially improve transmit B1 homogeneity compared to conventional volume coil designs, and receive coil arrays offer enhanced parallel imaging performance and SNR. Concentric coil arrangements hold promise for developing transceiver arrays incorporating large numbers of coil elements. At magnetic field strengths of 7 tesla and higher where the Larmor frequencies of interest can exceed 300 MHz, the coil array design must also overcome the problem of the coil conductor length approaching the RF wavelength. In this study, a novel concentric arrangement of resonance elements built from capacitively‐shortened half‐wavelength transmission lines is presented. This approach was utilized to construct an array with whole‐brain coverage using 16 transceiver elements and 16 receive‐only elements, resulting in a coil with a total of 16 transmit and 32 receive channels. Magn Reson Med 63:1478–1485, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RF encoding using a multielement parallel transmit system
Authors: Katscher Ulrich , Lisinski Jonathan , Börnert Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) encoding using spatially variant RF transmission fields represents an alternative to the conventional signal‐encoding techniques applied in MRI, which are based on main field gradients. Thus, RF encoding might allow omitting the use of all main field gradients, alleviating acoustic noise and other main field gradient‐related problems. This study investigates the potential of RF transmit encoding using spatially nonlinear RF fields generated by an eight‐channel parallel transmit system equipped with the corresponding transmit array. Appropriate spatial encoding functions are determined iteratively by randomized superposition of the array element sensitivities and judging their performance. Besides RF amplitude‐based signal encoding, the possibility of RF phase‐dominated encoding is investigated to allow future fast imaging applications. The theoretical background is given and experimental phantom results are compared with predictions from corresponding simulations to prove the basic feasibility of the approach for low‐resolution MRI. Deviations of roughly 10–15% between main field and RF encoded images were found for an in‐plane resolution of 5 × 5 mm2. The approach of RF encode MRI does not seem to be able to replace standard main field gradient encoding completely, but a suitable combination of both concepts could find promising applications. Magn Reson Med 63:1463–1470, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What arthritis pain practitioners and patients want in an online self‐management programme
Authors: Trudeau Kimberlee J. , Ainscough Jessica L. , Pujol Lynette A. , Charity Sadaf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: Self‐management of pain is a critical component of arthritis care; however, limited mobility can restrict access to resources. Although the internet has become a primary source of health information, few studies address what patients want and need from a self‐management website.Methods: Thirty‐two people diagnosed with arthritis and 12 practitioners a) participated in individual one‐hour interviews and b) sorted and rated a list of 88 unique statements that were derived from the interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using concept mapping procedures.Results: The six‐cluster map provided the best discrimination between statements. Follow‐up analyses suggested that although patients with arthritis and practitioners generally agree on the categories of content on a self‐management website about arthritis, they appear to disagree on the importance of each category.Conclusions:These findings about patient and provider desired content can be used by health educators to develop a curriculum for health education of patients with arthritis pain. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variations in stromal signatures in breast and colorectal cancer metastases
Authors: Webster Jonathan A , Beck Andrew H , Sharma Mimansa , Espinosa Inigo , Weigelt Britta , Schreuder Marthe , Montgomery Kelli D , Jensen Kristin C , van de Rijn Matt , West Robert 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumour survival and growth, but little is known about the degree of preservation between different stromal response patterns found in primary tumours and their metastases. We have previously identified gene expression profiles for two distinct stromal signatures in breast carcinoma of fibroblast (aka DTF) and macrophage (aka CSF1) response and found them to be correlated with clinicopathological features, including outcome. In this study, we compare the DTF fibroblast and CSF1 macrophage stromal response patterns in primary breast and colorectal cancers to their matched lymph node metastases. In both breast and colorectal cancer, there was a significant positive correlation between the CSF1 macrophage signature in the primary tumours and the matched lymph node metastases, as assessed by immunohistochemical markers. No such correlation was observed for the DTF fibroblast signature. A similar result was seen in independent analysis of two published gene expression microarray datasets. The variations of these stromal reaction patterns from the primary to the metastasis shed light on the relationship between the neoplastic cells and the non‐neoplastic cells in the TME. The preservation of the CSF1 macrophage response pattern in metastases lends support to targeting the CSF1 pathway in cancer. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secretory cell outgrowth, PAX2 and serous carcinogenesis in the Fallopian tube
Authors: Chen Eleanor Y , Mehra Karishma , Mehrad Mitra , Ning Gang , Miron Alexander , Mutter George L , Monte Nicholas , Quade Bradley J , McKeon Frank D , Yassin Yosuf , Xian Wa , Crum Christopher P 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe ‘p53 signature’ is a benign secretory cell outgrowth in the distal Fallopian tube that shares properties with ovarian serous cancer—including p53 mutations—and is a putative serous cancer precursor. We expanded the precursor definition to all secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs) of 30 or more cells and scored normal (N) and altered (A) expression of both p53 and PAX2, a gene down‐regulated in ovarian and endometrial cancer. SCOUTs were identified by BCL2/p73 staining in tubes from women with serous carcinoma, inherited mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and controls. SCOUTs were prevalent in both proximal and distal tube and significantly associated with serous carcinoma versus the others (p < 0.001); 89% were PAX2 (A) and 26% were PAX2 (A)/p53 (A) (p53 signatures). PAX2 (A)/p53 (N) SCOUTs were free of p53 mutations; however, 12 of 13 p53 signatures were PAX2 (A). A tubal carcinoma and contiguous SCOUT were p53 (A)/PAX2 (A) and shared the same p53 mutation. SCOUTs are discretely localized alterations commonly containing altered expression of multiple genes within histologically benign tubal epithelium. Geographic distribution in the tube varies by genotype and immunophenotype, from regionally unrestricted (PAX2) to greater likelihood specific area (fimbria) of shared prevalence (PAX2 and p53). This study reveals, for the first time, an entity (SCOUT) that is associated with serous cancer, expands the topography of altered PAX2 expression in the female genital tract mucosa and highlights another potential pathway disturbance involved in early serous carcinogenesis in the Fallopian tube. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A facile strategy for the functionalization of poly[cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐(4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol)] materials
Authors: Liu Wei , Jin Jing , Huang Xiaobin , Zheng Yaochen , Zhang Jiawei , Fu Jianwei , Huang Yawen , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecently, a new type of phosphazene‐containing material, poly[cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐(4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol)] (PZS), was successfully prepared. PZS materials including PZS nanotubes, PZS nanofibers and PZS microspheres show excellent thermal stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, PZS‐containing materials such as silver nanowire/PZS, carbon nanotube/PZS and Fe3O4/PZS nanotubes have also been prepared. Therefore, we explored a specific method for the functionalization of these PZS and PZS‐containing materials to expand their scope of application. As a model of various PZS and PZS‐containing materials, PZS microspheres (PZSMs) were functionalized via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymerization of styrene occurred at surface sites covalently derivatized with ATRP initiators to form PZSM–polystyrene. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of grafted polymer chains could be well controlled. Furthermore, PZSM–polystyrene was still active for further block copolymerization of methyl methacrylate. Both styrene‐ and acrylate‐type monomers could be directly polymerized or block copolymerized from the surface of PZS and PZS‐containing materials using surface‐initiated ATRP. Mn of grafted polymer chains could be well controlled. This facile strategy could pave the way for a wider range of applications of these materials. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Expanding the mouse embryonic stem cell proteome: Combining three proteomic approaches
Authors: Gundry Rebekah L. , Tchernyshyov Irina , Sheng Shijun , Tarasova Yelena , Raginski Kimberly , Boheler Kenneth R. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe current study used three different proteomic strategies, which differed by their extent of intact protein separation, to examine the proteome of a pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cell line, R1. Proteins from whole‐cell lysates were subjected either to 2‐D‐LC, or 1‐DE, or were unfractionated prior to enzymatic digestion and subsequent analysis by MS. The results yielded 1895 identified non‐redundant proteins and, for 128 of these, the specific isoform could be determined based on detection of an isoform‐specific peptide. When compared with two previously published proteomic studies that used the same cell line, the current study reveals 612 new proteins.
Time variation of GaN photoelectrochemical reactions affected by light intensity and applied bias
Authors: Koike Kayo , Sato Keiichi , Fujii Katsushi , Goto Takenari , Yao Takafumi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigated photoelectrochemical reactions affected by light intensity and applied bias using GaN. Time variations of the photocurrent changed with the photo‐illuminated intensity and the applied bias. The bias application affected the time variation much, and the bias under +0.2 V vs counterelectrode for n‐type GaN is good for the continuous reaction. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)