bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth patterns in early childhood and final attained stature: Data from five birth cohorts from low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Stein Aryeh D. , Wang Meng , Martorell Reynaldo , Norris Shane A. , Adair Linda S. , Bas Isabelita , Sachdev Harshpal Singh , Bhargava Santosh K. , Fall Caroline H.D. , Gigante Denise P. , Victora Cesar G. ,   On Behalf of the Cohorts Group
Published: October 2009

AbstractGrowth failure is cumulative, and short stature is associated with multiple indices of reduced human capital. Few studies have been able to address in a single analysis both consideration of the timing of growth failure and comparison across populations. We analyzed data from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa (n= 4,659). We used data on length at birth (available for three of the five cohorts), 12 mo, 24 mo, and mid‐childhood to construct cohort‐ and sex‐ specific conditional length measures. We modeled adult height as a function of conditional length in childhood. The five cohorts experienced varying degrees of growth failure. As adults, the Brazil sample was 0.35 ± 0.89 standard deviations (SD) below the World Health Organization reference, while adult Guatemalans were 1.91 ± 0.87 SD below the reference. All five cohorts experienced a nadir in height for ageZ‐score at 24 mo. Birth length (in the three cohorts with this variable), and conditional length at 12 mo (in all five cohorts) were the most strongly associated with adult height. Growth in the periods 12–24 mo and 24 mo to mid‐childhood showed inconsistent patterns across tertiles of adult height. Despite variation in the magnitude of cumulative growth failure across cohorts, the five cohorts show highly consistent age‐specific associations with adult stature. Growth failure prior to age 12 mo was most strongly associated with adult stature. These consistencies speak to the importance of interventions to address intrauterine growth failure and growth failure in the first 12 mo of life. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homo‐ and heteropolynuclear copper(II) complexes containing a new diimine–dioxime ligand and 1,10‐phenanthroline: synthesis, characterization, solvent‐extraction studies, catalase‐like functions and DNA cleavage abilities
Authors: Dede Bülent , Özmen İsmail , Karipcin Fatma , Cengiz Mustafa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA series of homo‐, heterodinuclear and homotrinuclear copper(II) complexes containing a new Schiff base ligand and 1,10‐phenanthroline were synthesized. Based on results of elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra, conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility measurements, the complexes had general compositions {[Cu(L)(H2O)M(phen)2](ClO4)2 [M = Cu(II), Mn(II), Co(II)]} and {[Cu3(L)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}. The metal:L:phen ratio is 2:1:2 for the dinuclear copper(II) complexes and the metal:L ratio was 3:2 for the trinuclear copper(II) complex. The liquid–liquid extraction of various transition metal cations [Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II)] from the aqueous phase to the organic phase was carried out using the diimine–dioxime ligand. It was concluded that the ligand can effectively be used in solvent extraction of copper(II) from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. Furthermore, catalytic activitiy of the complexes for the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide was also investigated in the presence of imidazole. Dinuclear copper(II)–manganese(II) complex has some similarity to manganese catalase in structure and activity. The interaction between these complexes and DNA has also been investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis; we found that the homo‐ and heterodinuclear copper complexes can cleave supercoiled pBR322 DNA to nicked and linear forms in the presence of H2O2. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Novel Uracil Non‐Nucleoside Derivatives as Potential Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV‐1
Authors: El‐Brollosy Nasser R. , Al‐Deeb Omar. A. , El‐Emam Ali A. , Pedersen Erik B. , La Colla Paolo , Collu Gabriella , Sanna Giuseppina , Loddo Roberta 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNovel emivirine and TNK‐651 analogues 5a–d were synthesized by reaction of chloromethyl ethyl ether and / or benzyl chloromethyl ether, respectively, with uracils having 5‐ethyl and 6‐(4‐methylbenzyl) or 6‐(3,4‐dimethoxybenzyl) substituents. A series of new uracil non‐nucleosides substituted at N‐1 with cyclopropylmethyloxymethyl 9a–d, 2‐phenylethyloxymethyl 9e–h, and 3‐phenylprop‐1‐yloxymethyl 9i–l were prepared on treatment of the corresponding uracils with the appropriate acetals 8a–c. Some of the tested compounds showed good activity against HIV‐1 wild type. Among them, 1‐cyclopropylmethyloxymethyl‐5‐ethyl‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)uracil 9c and 5‐ethyl‐6‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)‐1‐(2‐phenylethyloxymethyl)uracil 9g showed inhibitory potency equally to emivirine against HIV‐1 wild type. Furthermore, compounds 9c and 9g showed marginal better activity against NNRTI resistant mutants than emivirine.
Analysis of factors influencing application of ICT by agricultural graduate students
Authors: Pouratashi Mahtab , Rezvanfar Ahmad 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWith improving technology in the world, particularly Information and Communication Technology (ICT), people need to make an effort to keep up with the new technology. The importance of ICT in higher education continues to grow year by year. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors influencing application of ICT by agricultural graduate students. The statistical population included agricultural graduate students in colleges of agriculture at the University of Tehran. A sample of 110 students was selected using a random sampling method. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Reliability and validity of instrument were determined through opinions of faculty members and application of Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that skill, support, and facilities were the three factors that influenced the application of ICT by agricultural students. In order to predict application of ICT by agricultural students, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used. The results showed that skill had direct and indirect effects on the application of ICT, while support and facilities affected the application of ICT indirectly. Given the direct effect on application of ICT, we infer that when students' skills improve, they are more likely to use ICT.
Testing the trade‐off between productivity and quality in research activities
Authors: Abramo Giovanni , D'Angelo Ciriaco Andrea , Costa Flavia Di 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn recent years there has been an increasingly pressing need for the evaluation of results from public‐sector research activity, particularly to permit the efficient allocation of ever scarcer resources. Many of the studies and evaluation exercises that have been conducted at the national and international levels emphasize the quality dimension of research output, while neglecting that of productivity. This work is intended to test for the possible existence of correlation between quantity and quality of scientific production and determine whether the most productive researchers are also those that achieve results that are qualitatively better than those of their colleagues. The analysis proposed refers to the entire Italian university system and is based on the observation of production in the hard sciences by more than 26,000 researchers in the period 2001–2005. The results show that the output of more‐productive researchers is superior in quality than that of less‐productive researchers. The relation between productivity and quality results is largely insensitive to the types of indicators or the test methods applied and also seems to differ little among the various disciplines examined.
Effect of polyethylene glycol on the thermal stability of green fluorescent protein
Authors: de Lencastre Novaes Letícia C. , Mazzola Priscila G. , Pessoa Adalberto , Penna Thereza C. Vessoni 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) shows remarkable structural stability and high fluorescence; its stability can be directly related to its fluorescence output, among other characteristics. GFP is stable under increasing temperatures, and its thermal denaturation is highly reproducible. Some polymers, such as polyethylene glycol, are often used as modifiers of characteristics of biological macromolecules, to improve the biochemical activity and stability of proteins or drug bioavailability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal stability of GFP in the presence of different PEG molar weights at several concentrations and exposed to constant temperatures, in a range of 70–95°C. Thermal stability was expressed in decimal reduction time. It was observed that the D‐values obtained were almost constant for temperatures of 85, 90, and 95°C, despite the PEG concentration or molar weight studied. Even though PEG can stabilize proteins, only at 75°C, PEG 600 and 4,000 g/mol stabilized GFP. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Exploiting the intracellular compartmentalization characteristics of the S. cerevisiae host cell for enhancing primary purification of lipid‐envelope virus‐like particles
Authors: Kee Gaik Sui , Jin Jing , Balasundaram Bangaru , Bracewell Daniel G. , Pujar Narahari S. , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article demonstrates how the intracellular compartmentalization of the S. cerevisiae host cell can be exploited to impart selectivity during the primary purification of lipid‐envelope virus‐like particles (VLPs). The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used as the VLP model in this study. Expressed HBsAg remain localized on the endoplasmic reticulum and the recovery process involves treating cell homogenate with a detergent for HBsAg liberation. In our proposed strategy, a centrifugation step is introduced immediately following cell disruption but prior to the addition of detergent to allow the elimination of bulk cytosolic contaminants in the supernatant, achieving ∼70% reduction of contaminating yeast proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Recovery and subsequent treatment of the solids fraction with detergent then releases the HBsAg into a significantly enriched product stream with a yield of ∼80%. The selectivity of this approach is further enhanced by operating under moderate homogenization pressure conditions (∼400 bar). Observed improvements in the recovery of active HBsAg and reduction of contaminating host lipids were attributed to the low‐shear conditions experienced by the HBsAg product and reduced cell fragmentation, which led to lower coextraction of lipids during the detergent step. As a result of the cleaner process stream, the level of product capture during the loading stage of a downstream hydrophobic interaction chromatography stage increased by two‐fold leading to a concomitant increase in the chromatography step yield. The lower level of exposure to contaminants is also expected to improve column integrity and lifespan. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Poly(L‐lysine)‐Induced Aggregation of Single‐Strand Oligo‐DNA‐Modified Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Yudan , Guo Yi , Li Jun , Guan Jian , Xu Li , Yang Wensheng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSingle‐strand oligo‐DNA‐modified Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) undergo aggregation in the presence of poly(L‐lysine) (PLL), which is attributed to the interactions between the oligo‐DNA and PLL. These interactions between the oligo‐DNA and PLL were identified to be electrostatic when the lysine residues of PLL were positively charged and to be hydrogen bonding when the residues were deprotonated. The aggregation was promoted with an increase in the pH value at a pH level lower than the pKa value of PLL (pKa≈10.0) due to the gradual deprotonation of the lysine residues and thus suppressed electrostatic interactions between the positively charged lysine residues of PLL and the negatively charged backbone phosphate groups of the oligo‐DNA. At pH levels higher than the pKa value of PLL, the aggregation was identified to be dominated by the hydrogen bonds between the bases of the oligo‐DNA and the deprotonated lysine residues of PLL. This study prompts the possibility that the spectral, and thus color, change of AuNPs upon aggregation can be used as a probe to follow the interactions between oligo‐DNA and polypeptides.
Direct ortho‐Arylation of N‐Phenacylpyridinium Bromide by Palladium‐Catalyzed CH‐Bond Activation
Authors: Xu Jimin , Cheng Guolin , Su Deyong , Liu Yantao , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel palladium catalyzed direct ortho‐arylation of N‐phenacylpyridinium bromide was developed. The amazing N‐phenacyl group regioselectively activates the CH bond of pyridine and automatically departs from the arylated products. A kinetic isotope effect study proved that the reaction went through a CH‐bond activation pathway and 2,6‐diphenylpyridine was produced stepwise from 2‐phenylpyridine.
Fixing the Chirality and Trapping the Transition State of Helicene with Atomic Metal Glue
Authors: Johansson Mikael P. , Patzschke Michael 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBy combining the intriguing geometrical properties of two classes of well‐established molecules, the metallocenes and the helicenes, we propose a hybrid class of structures—the metallohelicenes. In these, the outer most aryl groups of a specific helicene are glued together by a complexing metal atom. This effectively fixes the chirality of the parent helicene, which otherwise easily undergoes thermal racemization. The fixed chirality suggests several interesting applications, ranging from building blocks of stable molecules with high circular dichroism and optical activity to chiral ligands and catalysts. Alternatively, the metal glue can trap the non‐chiral transition state structure of helicene. High‐level quantum chemical calculations show the readiness of formation and stability of the proposed complexes.
Microsolvated and Chelated Butylzinc Cations: Formation, Relative Stability, and Unimolecular Gas‐Phase Chemistry
Authors: Fleckenstein Julia E. , Koszinowski Konrad 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSolutions of butylzinc iodide in tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and N,N‐dimethylformamide were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In all cases, microsolvated butylzinc cations [ZnBu(solvent)n]+, n=1–3, were detected. The parallel observation of the butylzincate anion [ZnBuI2]− suggests that these ions result from disproportionation of neutral butylzinc iodide in solution. In the presence of simple bidentate ligands (1,2‐dimethoxyethane, N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐methoxyethylamine, and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine), chelate complexes of the type [ZnBu(ligand)]+ form quite readily. The relative stabilities of these complexes were probed by competition experiments and analysis of their unimolecular gas‐phase reactivity. Fragmentation of mass‐selected [ZnBu(ligand)]+ leads to the elimination of butene and formation of [ZnH(ligand)]+. In marked contrast, the microsolvated cations [ZnBu(solvent)n]+ lose the attached solvent molecules upon gas‐phase fragmentation to produce bare [ZnBu]+, which subsequently dissociates into [C4H9]+ and Zn. This difference in reactivity resembles the situation in organozinc solution chemistry, in which chelating ligands are needed to activate dialkylzinc compounds for the nucleophilic addition to aldehydes.
On the Synthesis and Chemical Behaviour of the Elusive Bis(hydrosulfido)‐Bridged Dinuclear Rhodium(I) Complexes [{Rh(μ‐SH)(CO)(PR3)}2]
Authors: Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Jiménez M. Victoria , Hernandez‐Gruel Marc A. F. , Fabra María J. , Lahoz Fernando J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSeveral bis(hydrosulfido)‐bridged dinuclear rhodium(I) compounds, [{Rh(μ‐SH)(L)2}2], have been prepared from rhodium(I) acetylacetonato complexes, [Rh(acac)(L)2], and H2S(g). Reaction of [Rh(acac){P(OPh)3}2] with H2S(g) affords the dinuclear bis(hydrosulfido)‐bridged compound [{Rh(μ‐SH){P(OPh)3}2}2] (1). However, reaction of complexes [Rh(acac)(CO)(PR3)] with H2S(g) gives the dinuclear compound [{Rh(μ‐SH)(CO)(PR3)}2] (R=Cy, 2; R=Ph, 4) and the trinuclear cluster [Rh3(μ‐H)(μ3‐S)2(CO)3(PR3)3] (R=Cy, 3; R=Ph, 5). The selective synthesis of both type of compounds has been carried out by control of the H2S(g) concentration in the reaction media. The trinuclear hydrido–sulfido cluster [Rh3(μ‐H)(μ3‐S)2(CO)3(PPh3)3] (5) has been also obtained by reaction of [{Rh(μ‐SH)(CO)(PPh3)}2] (4) with [Rh(acac)(CO)(PPh3)], proceeding through the trinuclear hydrosulfido–sulfido intermediate [Rh3(μ3‐SH)(μ3‐S)(CO)3(PPh3)3]. The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 3 have been determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. Compound 1 is stable in solution, but complexes 2 and 4 slowly transform in solution into the trinuclear hydrido–sulfido clusters 3 and 5, respectively, with the release of H2S(g) in a reversible way. 1H NMR kinetic experiments for the transformation of 4 into 5 have revealed that this transformation follows second‐order‐type kinetic. The following activation parameters, ΔH≠=24±3 kJ mol−1 and of ΔS≠=−223±8 J K−1 mol−1, have been calculated from the determination of the second‐order rate constants in the temperature range 30–45 °C. The large negative value of the activation entropy is consistent with an associative character of the rate‐determining step. A plausible multistep mechanism based on the chemical behaviour of hydrosulfido–metal complexes and compatible with the kinetic behaviour has been proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusually Short Ce—Ru Distances in CeRuAl and Related Compounds.
Authors: Hermes Wilfried , Matar Samir F. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of the V4‐Cluster Compounds Ga1‐xGexV4S8.
Authors: Bichler Daniel , Slavik Herta , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Constitutional Isomerism of BiW6Cl15: (BiCl)[W6Cl14] and (BiCl2)[W6Cl13].
Authors: Stroebele Markus , Meyer H.‐Juergen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Noncentrosymmetric Material — [N(CH3)4]ZnCl3: Polar Chains of Aligned ZnCl4 Tetrahedra.
Authors: Choi Myung‐Ho , Kim Sang‐Hwan , Chang Hong‐Young , Halasyamani P. Shiv , Ok Kang Min 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tin(I) Bromide. A Novel Binary Halide for Synthetic Chemistry.
Authors: Schrenk Claudio , Koeppe Ralf , Schellenberg Inga , Poettgen Rainer , Schnepf Andreas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [H3tren]3+ Templated Iron Fluorides: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Moessbauer Studies.
Authors: Ali Amor Ben , Greneche Jean‐Marc , Leblanc Marc , Maisonneuve Vincent 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidation of Sulfides to the Sulfoxides Using Zirconium(IV) Chloride, Sodium Nitrite and Catalytic Amounts of Bromide Ion as a Novel Oxidizing Media.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Goudarziafshar Hamid , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Yousefi Somaieh 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Catalytic C—H vs. C—Si Activation of Arenes with Pd Complexes Directed by Urea or Amide Groups.
Authors: Rauf Waqar , Thompson Amber L. , Brown John M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diionizable p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene‐1,3‐crown‐4 Ligands: Synthesis and Alkaline Earth Metal Cation Extraction.
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Surowiec Kazimierz , Bartsch Richard A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis with Endogenous Compounds: Towards Novel Nonenyzmatic Reactions.
Authors: Alberg David G. , Poulsen Thomas B. , Bertelsen Soeren , Christensen Kasper L. , Birkler Rune D. , Johannsen Mogens , Joergensen Kark Anker 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General and User‐Friendly Protocol for the Synthesis of Functionalized Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl‐cyclopropanes by Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Coleridge Brian M. , Bello Charles S. , Leitner Andreas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.