bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hair collar sign – a possible indication of cranial dysraphism
Authors: Held Inka , Rose Christian , Hamm Henning , Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe presence of a circumscribed area of alopecia on the scalp raises several differential diagnostic considerations. A ring of hypertrichosis around such a lesion is called “hair collar sign” and raises suspicion of ectopic neural tissue and an underlying defect of the skull. We report two cases of male newborns with a hair collar surrounding a small localized area of scalp alopecia. In one child a cephalocele was diagnosed radiologically. In the other child an osseous defect was ruled out, and the histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of rudimentary meningocele after complete excision. The importance of this clinical sign has not been addressed in the German dermatological literature.
Séries de données sur les pensions et la santé: collecte de données et partage pour l'élaboration des politiques
Authors: Lee Jinkook 
Published: November 2010

RésuméDe plus en plus de pays élaborent des politiques de pension et de santé ou réforment celles‐ci pour répondre au vieillissement de la population et augmenter le bien‐être de leurs citoyens. Il était normal que l'adoption de politiques différentes selon les pays débouchât sur diverses expériences. D'où une occasion inhabituelle d'examiner les effets de politiques variées sur la santé et la retraite, sur le comportement individuel et familial, et sur le bien‐être. Saisir une telle occasion exige que des efforts concertés soient déployés dans la collecte des données. Un nombre croissant de pays ont accepté de fournir des données en harmonie avec l'étude sur la santé et la retraite aux Etats‐Unis (Health and Retirement Study) (HRS). Le présent article engage une discussion sur ces séries de données, et notamment sur leurs paramètres clés concernant la situation de la pension et de la santé, les plans de recherches, les échantillons et les taux de réponse. Il traite aussi des possibilités que ces données offrent pour les études transnationales et de leur intérêt pour l'évaluation et l'élaboration des politiques.
Measuring ‘normalcy’ in plant gene expression after herbivore attack
Authors: REHRIG ERIN MacNEAL , APPEL HEIDI M. , SCHULTZ JACK C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPlants make drastic changes to their transcriptome to appropriately respond to environmental change, and the regulation of genes that are specific to abiotic and biotic stresses is a key to plant survival. The coordination of defence gene transcription is often coupled with significant adjustments in the levels of expression of primary metabolic and structural genes to relocate resources, repair damage and/or induce senescence. This complicates the process of finding suitable ‘housekeeping’ or reference genes to use in measurements of gene expression by real‐time reverse transcription (RT–PCR) in response to herbivore attack. Several software programs have been developed to identify candidate reference genes, but measurement of their expression may still not yield an appropriate gene or suite of genes for normalization. This is especially true in plant–herbivore interactions where tissue damage is immediate and continuous. Here, we show that 12 traditional reference genes customarily used in RT–PCR analysis are not stably expressed after insect attack. We describe the pitfalls of using traditional reference genes and why insect attack may be affecting whole cell metabolism. We propose a method using RNA quantification in combination with an external spike of commercially available mRNA as normalization factors in studies involving herbivory, multiple stress treatments or species where stable reference genes are unknown.
The prevalence and clinical characteristics of Charles Bonnet Syndrome in Danish patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Singh Amardeep , Sørensen Torben L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of the Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) in a group of Danish patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and to study whether CBS is associated with a specific retinal morphology.Methods:  Three‐hundred consecutive patients with neovascular AMD attending assessment consultations following variable series of ranibizumab therapy were actively asked whether they had symptoms of CBS. If they responded positively, a detailed questionnaire was orally administered to inquire into the details of the symptoms. Detailed optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence was performed. A comparison was made between retinal morphology of a randomly selected equal number of patients without CBS to patients with CBS.Results:  Twenty‐five (8.3%) patients of 300 had hallucinations attributable to CBS. The median lesion size – measured as total area with increased autofluorescence – in the CBS group (median 14.2 mm2) was not significantly different from the non‐CBS group (median 16.2 mm2); however, the patients with CBS had significantly larger areas of geographic atrophy (median 2 mm2) compared to patients without CBS (median 0.3 mm2) (p = 0.002).Conclusion:  CBS is not uncommon in an unselected population with neovascular AMD, and symptoms of CBS may be associated with larger areas of geographic atrophy.
Protecting Victims of Domestic Violence Under the UCCJEA
Authors: Goelman Deborah , Mitchell Darren 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTDomestic violence survivors often flee across state lines with their children to escape abuse and to seek the support of their friends and family. Judges hearing the subsequent interstate custody cases will need to consider several federal and state laws governing jurisdictional and related issues, including the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (the “UCCJEA”). This article provides an overview of the UCCJEA and related laws and addresses such questions as when a court has jurisdiction to enter or modify a custody order, and how judges can use the laws to protect survivors and their children from further abuse.
The efficacy of single‐dose ADAPT‐232 on mental performance
Authors: Hung SK , Aslanyan G 
Published: November 2010

Aslanyan G, Amroyan E, Garbrielyan E, Nylander M, Wikman G, Panossian A. Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised study of single dose effects of ADAPT‐232 on cognitive functions. Phytomedicine 2010; 17: 494–9.
Therapeutic massage, thermotherapy and relaxation therapy may be used in the management of generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Terry R 
Published: November 2010

Sherman KJ, Ludman EJ, Cook AJ, Hawkes RJ, Roy‐Byrene PP, Bentley S, Brooks MZ, Cherkin DC. Effectiveness of therapeutic massage for generalised anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27: 441–50.
Larger studies of melatonin for depression/sleep needed
Authors: Holt S , Serfaty MA 
Published: November 2010

Serfaty MA, Osborne D, Buszewicz MJ, Blizard R, Raven PW. A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of treatment as usual plus exogenous slow‐release melatonin (6 mg) or placebo for sleep disturbance and depressed mood. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 25: 132–42.
Long‐term benefits of chrondroitin/glucosamine for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ernst E 
Published: November 2010

Sawitzke AD, Shi H, Finco MF, Dunlop DD, Harris CL, Singer NG, Bradley JD, Silver D, Jackson CG, Lane NE, Oddis CV, Wolfe F, Lisse J, Furst DE, Bingham CO, Reda DJ, Moskowitz RW, Williams HJ, Clegg DO. Clinical efficacy and safety of glucosamine, chondroitin sulphate, their combination, celecoxib or placebo taken to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: 2‐year results from GAIT. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69: 1459–64.
Acupuncture for hot flushes
Authors: Stener‐Victorin E 
Published: November 2010

Kim KY, Kang KW, Kim DI, Kim HJ, Yoon HM, Lee JM, Jeong JC, Lee MS, Jung HJ, Choi SM. Effects of acupuncture on hot flushes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Menopause 2010; 17: 269–80.
Vitamin A in utero and early life is essential for healthy lung function
Authors: Marc I 
Published: November 2010

Checkley W, West KP, Wise RA, Baldwin MR, Wu L, LeClerq SC, Christian P, Katz J, Tielsch JM, Khatry S, Sommer A. Maternal vitamin A supplementation and lung function in offspring. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 1784–94.
Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplements on cord blood hormones
Authors: Holt S 
Published: November 2010

Roberfroid D, Huybregts L, Lanou H, Henry MC, Meda N, Kolsteren P, for the Micronutriments et Sante de la Mere et de l'Enfant Study (MISAME) Group. Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplements on cord blood hormones: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 1649–58.
Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA Stimulates the Expression of Interferon-Inducible Protein 10 in Human Mesothelial Cells
Authors: Merkle Monika , Sauter Matthias , Ribeiro Andrea , Mussack Thomas , Ladurner Roland , Sitter Thomas , Wörnle Markus 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTInterferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine playing an important role in the restriction of viral spread. A time- and dose-dependent increase in IP-10 is found upon activation of viral receptors expressed on mesothelial cells, which provides novel evidence for a link between viral infections and inflammation of serous membranes.
Protective Immunity Induced by
Toxoplasma gondii
Rhoptry Protein 16 against Toxoplasmosis in Mice
Authors: Yuan Zi-Guo , Zhang Xiu-Xiang , He Xian-Hui , Petersen Eskild , Zhou Dong-Hui , He Yong , Lin Rui-Qing , Li Xiu-Zhen , Chen Xu-Li , Shi Xiao-Ru , Zhong Xiu-Ling , Zhang Bing , Zhu Xing-Quan 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii
can infect a large variety of domestic and wild animals and human beings, sometimes causing severe pathology. Rhoptries are involved in
T. gondii
invasion and host cell interaction and have been implicated as important virulence factors. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing rhoptry protein 16 (ROP16) of
T. gondii
and evaluated the immune responses it induced in Kunming mice. The gene sequence encoding ROP16 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I. We immunized Kunming mice intramuscularly. After immunization, we evaluated the immune response using a lymphoproliferative assay, cytokine and antibody measurements, and the survival times of mice challenged lethally. The results showed that mice immunized with pVAX-ROP16 developed a high level of specific antibody responses against
T. gondii
ROP16 expressed in
Escherichia coli
, a strong lymphoproliferative response, and significant levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-10 production compared with results for other mice immunized with either empty plasmid or phosphate-buffered saline, respectively. The results showed that pVAX-ROP16 induces significant humoral and cellular Th1 immune responses. After lethal challenge, the mice immunized with pVAX-ROP16 showed a significantly (
P
< 0.05) prolonged survival time (21.6 ± 9.9 days) compared with control mice, which died within 7 days of challenge. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that ROP16 triggers a strong humoral and cellular response against
T. gondii
and that ROP16 is a promising vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis, worth further development.
Serum Cytokine Responses in Primary Pneumonic Plague Patients
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Zuyun , Guo Zhaobiao , Wei Baiqing , Tian Fuzhang , Yu Shouhong , Wang Haoran , Wang Hu , Yang Ruifu 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
The serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 of pneumonic plague patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 was the only elevated cytokine in the patients, and its level increased with a clear time course, indicating that IL-6 might be a prognostic marker for predicting the progression of plague.
Distribution of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in China
Authors: Hao Qin , Hou Xuexia , Geng Zhen , Wan Kanglin 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

We genotyped 102
Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato strains isolated from ticks, animals, and patients in 11 provinces in China by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) amplification of 5S (
rrf
)-23S (
rrl
) rRNA gene spacer amplicons and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). The results showed that
Borrelia garinii
was the main genotype in China (65/102) and that it was distributed mainly in northern China.
Borrelia afzelii
was the second most frequently found species (22/102), and it was distributed in both northern and southern China. All
Borrelia valaisiana
strains were isolated from Guizhou Province. Additionally, one
B. burgdorferi
strain was isolated from Hunan Province. Our results show the diversity and wide distribution of
B. burgdorferi
sensu lato in China.
Estimating Volume of Cervicovaginal Secretions in Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluid Collected for Measurement of Genital HIV-1 RNA Levels in Women
Authors: Mitchell Caroline , Paul Kathleen , Agnew Kathy , Gaussman Reggie , Coombs Robert W. , Hitti Jane 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
To assess the volume of genital fluid collected for measuring the HIV-1 RNA level in cervicovaginal fluid, phosphate-buffered saline containing 10 mM LiCl was used. Thirty-eight women provided 275 cervicovaginal specimens. The estimated median volume of cervicovaginal fluid was 0.51 ml (interquartile range, 0.33, 0.69).
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as an Alternative to 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing for Identification of Difficult-To-Identify Bacterial Strains
Authors: Bizzini A. , Jaton K. , Romo D. , Bille J. , Prod'hom G. , Greub G. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTConventional methods are sometimes insufficient to identify human bacterial pathogens, and alternative techniques, often molecular, are required. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified with a valid score 45.9% of 410 clinical isolates from 207 different difficult-to-identify species having required 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MALDI-TOF MS might represent an alternative to 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Revealing New Measles Virus Transmission Routes by Use of Sequence Analysis of Phosphoprotein and Hemagglutinin Genes
Authors: Kessler Julia R. , Kremer Jacques R. , Shulga Sergey V. , Tikhonova Nina T. , Santibanez Sabine , Mankertz Annette , Semeiko Galina V. , Samoilovich Elena O. , Tamfum Jean-Jacques Muyembe , Pukuta Elisabeth , Muller Claude P. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
With improved measles virus (MV) control, the genetic variability of the MV-nucleoprotein hypervariable region (NP-HVR) decreases. Thus, it becomes increasingly difficult to determine the origin of a virus using only this part of the genome. During outbreaks in Europe and Africa, we found MV strains with identical NP-HVR sequences. However, these strains showed considerable diversity within a larger sequencing window based on concatenated MV phosphoprotein and hemagglutinin genes (P/H pseudogenes). In Belarus, Germany, Russia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the P/H pseudogenes provided insights into chains of transmission, whereas identical NP-HVR provided none. In Russia, for instance, the P/H pseudogene identified temporal clusters rather than geographical clusters, demonstrating the circulation and importation of independent variants rather than large local outbreaks lasting for several years, as suggested by NP-HVR. Thus, by extending the sequencing window for molecular epidemiology, a more refined picture of MV circulation was obtained with more clearly defined links between outbreaks and transmission chains. Our results also suggested that in contrast to the P gene, the H gene acquired fixed substitutions that continued to be found in subsequent outbreaks, possibly with consequences for its antigenicity. Thus, a longer sequencing window has true benefits both for the epidemiological surveillance of measles and for the better monitoring of viral evolution.
Physician Use of Parasite Tests in the United States from 1997 to 2006 and in a Utah Cryptosporidium Outbreak in 2007
Authors: Polage Christopher R. , Stoddard Gregory J. , Rolfs Robert T. , Petti Cathy A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Parasitic infection is uncommon in the United States, but surveys suggest that physicians test when the presence of parasites is unlikely and fail to order appropriate testing when suspicion is high. Numerous studies confirm that immunoassays are more sensitive for
Giardia
and
Cryptosporidium
detection, but our experience was that physicians preferentially used ovum and parasite examination (O&P). We conducted a retrospective study of fecal parasite testing at a referral laboratory nationally (1997 to 2006) and during a
Cryptosporidium
outbreak (Utah, 2007) to correlate physician use of O&P and enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) with the yield of parasites detected. Nationally, of 170,671 episodes, 76.0% (
n
= 129,732) included O&P, 27.9% (
n
= 47,666) included
Giardia
EIA, and 5.7% (
n
= 9,754) included
Cryptosporidium
EIA. Most pathogens were
Giardia
or
Cryptosporidium
. More episodes were positive when EIA was performed (
n
= 1,860/54,483 [3.4%]) than when O&P only was performed (
n
= 1,667/116,188 [1.4%];
P
< 0.001), and EIA was more sensitive than O&P. However, more O&P results were positive among patients with both O&P and EIA performed (2.5%) than among those with O&P only performed (1.4%;
P
< 0.001), suggesting that patients tested by O&P only may have been at lower risk. During the first 10 weeks of the outbreak, physicians also preferentially used O&P over EIA, but no
Cryptosporidium
cases were detected by O&P. We conclude that clinicians frequently use O&P testing when test performance and epidemiology support the use of immunoassays or no testing. We recommend that stool O&P be limited to patients with negative immunoassay results and persistent symptoms or individuals at increased risk for non-
Giardia
, non-
Cryptosporidium
infection. An evidence-based algorithm for the evaluation of patients with suspected intestinal parasitic infection is proposed.
Bacteremia in Kenyan Children Presenting with Malaria
Authors: Were T. , Davenport G. C. , Hittner J. B. , Ouma C. , Vulule J. M. , Ong'echa J. M. , Perkins D. J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Since the etiologies and clinical outcomes of bacteremia in children with
Plasmodium falciparum
infections, particularly in areas of holoendemic malaria transmission, are largely unexplored, blood cultures and comprehensive clinical, laboratory, hematological, and nutritional parameters for malaria-infected children (aged 1 to 36 months,
n
= 585 patients) were investigated at a rural hospital in western Kenya. After the exclusion of contaminant microorganisms, the prevalence of bacteremia was 11.7% in the cohort (
n
= 506), with nontyphoidal
Salmonella
spp. being the most common isolates (42.4%). Bacteremia was found to occur in a significantly higher proportion of females than males and was associated with elevated blood glucose concentrations and lowered malaria parasite and hemoglobin (Hb) levels compared to those in abacteremic participants. In addition, the incidences of respiratory distress and severe malarial anemia (SMA; Hb level of <6.0g/dl) were nonsignificantly greater in children with bacteremia. Mortality was 8.5-fold higher in children with bacteremia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that bacteremia was significantly associated with reduced incidences of high-density parasitemia (HDP; ≥10,000/μl) and increased incidences of malnutrition (i.e., underweight; weight-for-age Z score of <−2 using the NCHS system). Since previous studies showed that bacteremia caused by Gram-negative organisms is associated with enhanced anemia and mortality, multivariate logistic regression was also performed separately for randomly age- and gender-matched children with bacteremia caused by Gram-negative organisms (
n
= 37) and for children found to be abacteremic (
n
= 74). These results revealed that the presence of bacteremia caused by Gram-negative organisms was significantly associated with reduced HDP, enhanced susceptibility to respiratory distress, SMA (Hb level of <6.0 g/dl), and being underweight (Z score, <−2). Data presented here from a region of holoendemic
P. falciparum
transmission demonstrate that although bacteremia is associated with reduced malaria parasitemia, a number of unfavorable clinical outcomes, including malnutrition, respiratory distress, anemia, and mortality, are elevated in children with bacteremia, particularly in cases of Gram-negative origin.
Coexpressed RIG-I Agonist Enhances Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Virus DNA Vaccine
Authors: Luke Jeremy M. , Simon Gregory G. , Söderholm Jonas , Errett John S. , August J. Thomas , Gale Michael , Hodgson Clague P. , Williams James A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT
Increasing levels of plasmid vector-mediated activation of innate immune signaling pathways is an approach to improve DNA vaccine-induced adaptive immunity for infectious disease and cancer applications. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a critical cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) pattern receptor required for innate immune activation in response to viral infection. Activation of RIG-I leads to type I interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokine production through interferon promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1)-mediated activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB signaling. DNA vaccines coexpressing antigen and an expressed RNA (eRNA) RIG-I agonist were made, and the effect of RIG-I activation on antigen-specific immune responses to the encoded antigen was determined. Plasmid vector backbones expressing various RIG-I ligands from RNA polymerase III promoters were screened in a cell culture assay for RIG-I agonist activity, and optimized, potent RIG-I ligands were developed. One of these, eRNA41H, combines (i) eRNA11a, an immunostimulatory dsRNA expressed by convergent transcription, with (ii) adenovirus VA RNAI. eRNA41H was integrated into the backbone of DNA vaccine vectors expressing H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). The resultant eRNA vectors potently induced type 1 IFN production in cell culture through RIG-I activation and combined high-level HA antigen expression with RNA-mediated type I IFN activation in a single plasmid vector. The eRNA vectors induced increased HA-specific serum antibody binding avidity after naked DNA intramuscular prime and boost delivery in mice. This demonstrates that DNA vaccine potency may be augmented by the incorporation of RIG-I-activating immunostimulatory RNA into the vector backbone.