bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of urodynamic abnormalities and renal function changes in adult men with non‐neurogenic urinary retention
Authors: Lewis Jane M. , Yalla Subbarao V. , Stanitski Kate E. , Sullivan Maryrose P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to identify abnormalities in bladder and renal function in men with urinary retention presumed to be due to BPH.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, urodynamic studies (UDS) and renal function were evaluated. Bladder contractility and compliance and the severity of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were determined from urodynamics. Renal function (BUN, creatine, eGFR) was assessed prior to retention, at the time of presentation and after urodynamic evaluation.ResultsOf 87 patients with evaluable UDS, 48% did not demonstrate detrusor activity during testing while 52% showed some detrusor contractile activity. Of these, 23% did not have BOO. Diminished bladder compliance was detected in 56%. In the entire cohort, BUN, serum creatinine, and eGFR were significantly changed during retention but were restored after catheterization. In older patients (>75 years), BUN and creatinine during retention were significantly higher, and eGFR was significantly lower compared to younger patients, but renal function after catheterization was not different between age groups. No significant correlations were found between renal function measurements and bladder compliance or age.ConclusionThe urodynamic spectrum in men with urinary retention ranged from detrusor acontractility to varied degrees of contractility associated with outlet obstruction spanning from equivocal to severe. Moreover, prompt relief of retention restores renal function to baseline levels, regardless of age. This study indicates that prostatic obstruction may not be the only cause of urinary retention in adult men presumed to have BPH and illustrates the value of urodynamic assessment prior to potentially failure‐prone surgical interventions. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:544–548, 2012. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Robust hierarchical a posteriori error estimators for stabilized convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Achchab B. , Agouzal A. , El Fatini M. , Souissi A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe construct a hierarchical a posteriori error estimator for a stabilized finite element discretization of convection‐diffusion equations with height Péclet number. The error estimator is derived without the saturation assumption and without any comparison with the classical residual estimator. Besides, it is robust, such that the equivalence between the norm of the exact error and the error estimator is independent of the meshsize or the diffusivity parameter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2012
Reducing Environmental Risks by Information Disclosure: Evidence in Residential Lead Paint Disclosure Rule
Authors: Bae Hyunhoe 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecently, there has been a surge in environmental regulations that require information disclosure. However, existing empirical evidence is limited to certain applications and has yet to generalize the effectiveness of this approach as a policy strategy to reduce environmental risks. This study evaluates the disclosure rule of the residential lead paint hazard (Title X) introduced in 1996. This regulation is one of the most prominent environmental disclosure laws, but its effectiveness has been relatively under‐investigated. Title X was intended to induce information recipients’ risk prevention behavior by proclaiming lead paint risk in old homes. Specifically, this study assumed three types of behavioral changes could be induced by Title X—(1) testing for lead paint, (2) maintaining painted surfaces in a proper condition, and (3) switching buying choice from old houses to new houses. In addition, using the national American Housing Survey, this study examined whether Title X increased the occurrence of those three behaviors. The results show that Title X increased the probability of homebuyers’ lead testing and decreased the probability of the existence of peeling paint in old homes. The analyses on households’ buying choices found that Title X did not result in a substantial switch from old houses to new houses in any socioeconomic status groups. However, it was found that the policy reduced the instances of households with young children occupying old homes. The findings in this study indicate that the policy generally induced more risk management behavior on existing risks and greatly influenced families with young children to such an extent that they changed their buying choice.
Mechanical and rheological behavior of highly filled polystyrene with lignin
Authors: Reza Barzegari Mohamad , Alemdar Ayse , Zhang Yaolin , Rodrigue Denis 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polystyrene (PS)/lignin blends over a wide range of lignin content (0–80 wt%) have been studied in this work. PS/lignin blends were compounded in an internal batch mixer with and without the addition of a linear triblock copolymer based on styrene, ethylene, and butylene (SEBS). A morphological analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy to determine the state of dispersion and the interfacial adhesion between the lignin particles and the PS matrix. It was found that the flexural and torsion moduli both increased, while the tensile properties decreased with increasing lignin content. Nevertheless, compatibilizer addition was found to improve the tensile properties of the lignin/PS blend. The shear rheological behavior of the lignin/PS blends was also studied in this work where viscosity, dynamic moduli, and activation energy were found to be very sensitive to both lignin and compatibilizer contents. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphological structure and surface properties of maleated ethylene propylene diene monomer/organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Homocianu Mihaela , Airinei Anton , Stelescu Daniela Maria , Timpu Daniel , Ioanid Aurelia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe phase morphology and surface properties of some maleated ethylene propylene‐diene/organoclay nanocomposites (EPDM‐g‐MA/OC) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The effect of organoclay and/or compatibilizing agent [maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA)] on the properties of the EPDM‐g‐MA nanocomposites was investigated. The quality and uniformity of nanoclay dispersion were analyzed by SEM and AFM images. The experimental results showed an intercalate structure and biphasic morphology for the binary blends based on EPDM and clay. The surface properties of the studied composites are significantly influenced by the presence of a compatibilizing agent—PP‐g‐MA. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Behavior of polyaniline–dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite films
Authors: Basavaraja C. , Kim Won Jung , Kim Dae Gun , Huh Do Sung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolyaniline–dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA)/reduced graphene oxide (PDR) nanocomposites were synthesized through the oxidative polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in the presence of dissolved DBSA and reduced graphene oxide (GOR) in an aqueous solution. An in situ deposition technique was employed in this synthesis. The Fourier transformation infrared (FT‐IR), UV–vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated strong interactions between PANI, DBSA, and GOR in the polymer composite. The temperature‐dependent DC electrical conductivity of the composite was studied in the range of 300–500 K to understand its conduction behavior. The properties on the mechanism of electrical transport of the PDR composite were analyzed using Mott's variable range of hopping. The newly synthesized polymer composites can be utilized in various fields, such as electric devices, sensors, and functional coatings, because of their high electrical conductivity. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Predictors and time trends in clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitor coprescription with low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Cea Soriano Lucía , Bueno Héctor , Johansson Saga , García Rodríguez Luis A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo determine trends and predictors of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) coprescription with low‐dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) prescribed for secondary cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) prevention in UK primary care.MethodsPatients aged 50–84 years who received a first prescription for low‐dose ASA for secondary CVD prevention in 2000–2001 (n = 10 330) or 2006–2007 (n = 8154) were identified in The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database. Clopidogrel or PPI coprescriptions received within 15 days after the first low‐dose ASA prescription were ascertained.ResultsClopidogrel coprescription with low‐dose ASA increased from 1.6% to 25.2% between the two study periods; PPI coprescription increased from 11.6% to 28.3%. Low‐dose ASA indications of myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) 11.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.2 to 13.4] and unstable angina (OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.09 to 2.75) were positive predictors of clopidogrel coprescription in 2006–2007, relative to chronic ischaemic heart disease. Patients at high risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were more likely to receive a PPI than those at lower risk in 2006–2007 (OR 4.36, 95%CI 3.93 to 4.84). In this period, 65.5% of patients who required a clopidogrel coprescription according to guideline recommendations received one, and 44.3% of patients at high risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding received a PPI.ConclusionClopidogrel and PPI coprescription with low‐dose ASA increased markedly between 2000–2001 and 2006–2007; however, many patients on low‐dose ASA did not receive the recommended coprescriptions at the end of the study period. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading instruction in tier 1: Bridging the gaps by nesting evidence‐based interventions within differentiated instruction
Authors: Jones Ruth E. , Yssel Nina , Grant Christina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractResponse to Intervention (RtI) has brought about many changes in the way educational services are being provided to students who are at risk of school failure. Schools are seeking strategies that will be beneficial to more and more students, including those students whose instruction is primarily in the core, or Tier 1. Nesting proven, evidence‐based practices more widely in an RtI model is discussed as an efficient strategy for closing achievement gaps and research‐‐practice gaps. To differentiate instruction relative to RtI and the core curriculum, the application of strategies typically reserved for Tiers 2 and 3 is suggested. An example of embedding, or nesting, interventions at Tier 1 is given. Organizational tools are provided for Tier 1 whole‐class, differentiated instruction in fluency training, including repeated readings. The roles of the school psychologist, teacher, and administrator in the model are considered, along with specific, targeted examples and approaches. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting valid decision making: Uses and misuses of assessment data within the context of RTI
Authors: Ball Carrie R. , Christ Theodore J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWithin an RtI problem‐solving context, assessment and decision making generally center around the tasks of problem identification, problem analysis, progress monitoring, and program evaluation. We use this framework to discuss the current state of the literature regarding curriculum based measurement, its technical properties, and its utility for making instructional decisions. Cursory examination of emerging alternatives (e.g., computer adaptive tests) is included, where appropriate. We then offer recommendations for local decision making, with an emphasis on high‐quality assessment, responsible decision making, bridging the research–practice gap, and capitalizing on the expertise of school psychologists. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Special considerations with response to intervention and instruction for students with diverse backgrounds
Authors: Hernández Finch Maria E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractResponse to Intervention (RtI) has been heralded as having significant promise for improving outcomes, reducing disproportional placement in special education, and making education more culturally responsive for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) youth. This article reviews the major recent empirical and qualitative research findings with respect to its impact, particularly with regard to CLD youth. Extant policies are reviewed, in addition to best‐practice recommendations by experts in the field of culturally responsive RtI. The major conclusion of this article is that despite some recent high‐quality studies, insufficient research currently exists to support full implementation of an RtI model with CLD youth or those who have individual diversity. In many cases, researchers need to minimally disaggregate their findings and more clearly explain their samples and methods, moving beyond providing simple ethnicity counts as proxies for culture. Future studies should include fully described contextual variables and consider the science to pedagogical practice gap. In addition, outcomes for youth need to be documented as part of assessing whether RtI is having the desired effect on producing a more equitable educational milieu. Finally, additional research is needed in subject areas beyond reading and should be conducted more frequently with CLD adolescents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutritional outcomes following gastrostomy in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bradley Gia M. , Carson Kathryn A. , Leonard Amanda R. , Mogayzel Peter J. , Oliva‐Hemker Maria 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveIn 2005 the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation recommended that children with CF maintain a body mass index (BMI) ≥50th percentile. Our study evaluated if gastrostomy (GT) placement increases the likelihood of reaching that goal compared to a standardized nutrition protocol.Study designRetrospective study of 20 children with CF ages 2–20 years with GTs placed from 2005 to 2010. Each case was pair‐matched on age, sex, pancreatic status, BMI, and lung function with a nonGT child with CF. Outcome measures included nutritional status and lung function at 6 months and 1 year.ResultsAt baseline, mean ± SD BMI Z‐scores were similar (cases −1.19 ± 0.60, controls −1.10 ± 0.50; P = 0.10). Cases had a significant 6‐month increase in mean BMI Z‐score to −0.29 ± 0.84 compared to −1.02 ± 0.67 for controls (P < 0.001). By 1 year, the change in mean BMI Z‐score was less different (cases −0.41 ± 0.76, controls −0.71 ± 0.51; P = 0.07). Both groups had stable lung function. From exact logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for cases compared to controls of reaching BMI ≥50th percentile was 9.70 (95% CI: 1.05–484.7; P = 0.04) at 6 months and 3.65 (95%CI: 0.69–25.86; P = 0.16) at 1 year.ConclusionOur study suggests that children with CF who receive GTs are more likely to achieve BMI ≥50th percentile than matched children without GTs. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:743–748. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fingolimod: new oral treatment for relapsing‐remitting MS
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Schmierer Klaus , Farrell Rachel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFingolimod (Gilenya) is an oral disease‐modifying therapy licensed for relapsingremitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in patients with high disease activity despite treatment with an interferon beta. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Drs Klaus Schmierer and Rachel Farrell discuss its place in place in the treatment of RRMS. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
Simulation of InGaN quantum well LEDs with reduced internal polarization
Authors: Andreev Zhelio , Römer Friedhard , Witzigmann Bernd 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis work presents a theoretical comparison of efficiency in III‐nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs). We simulate non‐, semi‐, and polar devices, and analyze their I–V characteristics and internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs). In addition we present simulations of a new structural design for nitride devices, with decreased polarization charges, using quaternary AlInGaN material.
Theoretical studies of the influence of structural inhomogeneities on the radiative recombination time in polar InGaN quantum wells
Authors: Gladysiewicz Marta , Kudrawiec Robert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe influence of two structural inhomogeneities (i.e., the quantum well width and indium concentration fluctuations) on the radiative recombination time (τr) in polar InGaN quantum wells (QWs) was studied within the “random” QW model [M. Gladysiewicz and R. Kudrawiec, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 485801 (2010)]. In this analysis it is assumed that the τr is inversely proportional to the electron–hole overlap integral which can be calculated within the effective mass approximation. In order to simulate QW inhomogeneities in this model, it was assumed that the QW width and indium concentration vary with a Gaussian distribution where the nominal QW width and indium concentration correspond to the mean value in this distribution and their fluctuations correspond to the deviation from the main value. Obtained results clearly show that the variation of QW width in this system (the first type of QW inhomogeneities) leads to a non‐linear dispersion of the τr whereas the change in indium concentration (the second type of QW inhomogeneities) leads to a linear dispersion of the τr. The two types of QW inhomogenities (QW width and indium concentration fluctuations) lead to a situation where the same emission wavelength can be realized by QWs with significantly different τr constants. Such a behavior of the τr leads to a non‐exponential decay of photoluminescence.
Unambiguous relationship between photoluminescence energy and its pressure evolution in InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Suski T. , Staszczak G. , Łepkowski S. P. , Perlin P. , Czernecki R. , Grzegory I. , Funato M. , Kawakami Y. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe have studied pressure dependence of photoluminescence in InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs). Universal dependence of the pressure coefficients dEPL/dp on the emission energy, at ambient pressure. EPL, in polar InGaN/GaN QWs has been found. This dependence is fulfilled for structures having different QWs, different composition of InGaN, and growth method. Calculations performed using k · p method combined with theory of elasticity and piezoelectricity support the experimental finding when an assumption on strain dependence of piezoelectric coefficients in nitride semiconductors is applied. We have also performed measurements of semipolar ($11{\bar {2}}2$) InGaN/GaN QWs with different In‐content. The same univocal dependence between EPL and dEPL/dp realized for polar structures has been also found in the studied semipolar QWs.
Modeling study on the properties of GaN/AlN core/shell nanowires by surface effect suppression
Authors: Tuoc Vu Ngoc , Huan Tran Doan , Lien Le Thi Hong 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPhysical properties of a nano structure are dramatically affected by its surface reconstruction and quantum confinement. For a core/shell structured nanowire (NW), the core/shell interface also plays a key role. The effects induced solely by the surface reconstruction can be estimated by using a reference model in which the dangling bonds on the NW's surface are saturated by a number of pseudo hydrogen atoms with fractional charge. We present in this paper a first principles study on the role of the surface reconstruction in several series of gallium nitride/aluminum nitride core/shell structured NWs. We also show that the model of pseudo hydrogen atoms does suppress the effects of surface reconstruction on both structural and electronic properties of the NWs, thus the model can be used to estimate the role of surface reconstruction.
Long delays of light in ZnO caused by exciton‐polariton propagation
Authors: Chen S. L. , Chen W. M. , Buyanova I. A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe study the propagation of exciton‐polaritons through bulk ZnO using time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) complemented by time‐of‐flight measurements of laser pulses. When the photon energy approaches donor bound exciton resonances, substantial time delays in PL light propagation are observed which reach up to 210 ps for a 0.55 mm thick crystal. By comparing results from time‐of‐flight measurements performed using PL light and laser pulses, the observed delay is shown to be due to the formation of exciton‐polaritons and their spectral dispersion. It is also shown that the main contribution to the slow‐down effect arises from free exciton‐polaritons, whereas bound exciton‐polaritons become important only in close vicinity to the corresponding resonances.
Philosophical issues about concepts
Authors: McCaffrey Joseph , Machery Edouard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this article, we review some important controversies about concepts in the philosophy of psychology, focusing particularly on the theories of concepts developed in philosophy, on the debate about the homogeneity of concepts, on neo‐empiricism, and on concept learning.WIREs Cogn Sci2012, 3:265–279. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1166This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Chylomicron Formation and Secretion is Required for Lipid‐Stimulated Release of Incretins GLP‐1 and GIP
Authors: Lu Wendell J. , Yang Qing , Yang Li , Lee Dana , D’Alessio David , Tso Patrick 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are incretins produced in the intestine that play a central role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Circulating concentrations of GLP‐1 and GIP are low and can be difficult to assay in rodents. These studies utilized the novel intestinal lymph fistula model we have established to investigate the mechanism of lipid‐stimulated incretin secretion. Peak concentrations of GLP‐1 and GIP following an enteral lipid stimulus (Liposyn) were significantly higher in intestinal lymph than portal venous plasma. To determine whether lipid‐stimulated incretin secretion was related to chylomicron formation Pluronic L‐81 (L‐81), a surfactant inhibiting chylomicron synthesis, was given concurrently with Liposyn. The presence of L‐81 almost completely abolished the increase in lymph triglyceride seen with Liposyn alone (P < 0.001). Inhibition of chylomicron formation with L‐81 reduced GLP‐1 secretion into lymph compared to Liposyn stimulation alone (P = 0.034). The effect of L‐81 relative to Liposyn alone had an even greater effect on GIP secretion, which was completely abolished (P = 0.004). These findings of a dramatic effect of L‐81 on lymph levels of GLP‐1 and GIP support a strong link between intestinal lipid absorption and incretin secretion. The relative difference in the effect of L‐81 on the two incretins provides further support that nutrient‐stimulation of GIP and GLP‐1 is via distinct mechanisms.