bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary Silicon Excretion in Relation to Lactation and Bone Mineral Density — a Longitudinal Study Post-partum
Authors: Magnusson Catarina , Augustin Hanna , Jugdaohsingh Ravin , Powell Jonathan J. , Hulthén Lena , Ransjö Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilicon (Si) may be a mineral beneficial for bone health. Pregnancy and lactation have major impacts on maternal bone metabolism as bone minerals, including calcium (Ca), are required for growth of the foetus and for milk production. Like urinary Ca excretion, Si excretion has been reported to be high in pregnant women, but there are no data post-partum and during lactation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the urinary excretion of Si (U-Si), from the third trimester of pregnancy until 18 months post-partum, and in relation to the length of lactation, to determine if changes in U-Si are associated with changes in areal bone mineral density (aBMD). This longitudinal study included 81 pregnant women, of whom 56 completed the study. Spot urine samples were collected at the third trimester and at 0.5, 4, 12, and 18 months post-partum and were analysed for Si and Ca by ICP-OES. The aBMD was measured post-partum at lumbar spine and femoral neck by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Women lactating for 4–8.9 and ≥ 9 months had significantly higher U-Si at 4 months post-partum, compared with the third trimester. No significant longitudinal differences in U-Si were found after correcting for creatinine. Changes in U-Si and in aBMD were not correlated, except at the lumbar spine from 0.5 to 12 months post-partum in the women lactating for 4–8.9 months. Taken together, our results suggest that there is a possibility that U-Si increases post-partum in women lactating for 4 months or longer, although it is not related to changes in aBMD.
Contextual Action Theory in Nursing Home Settings: A Conceptual Framework for Considering the Active Role of Residents
Authors: Jensen Charlotte , Chamberlain Stephanie , Marshall Sheila K. , Young Richard A , Hoben Matthias , Gruneir Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNursing home (NH) residents are often considered passive recipients of care with a limited role in shaping their experience. This perspective is often reproduced in NH research, which restricts resident participation, thereby upholding ageist views that cause discrimination of older adults living in NH settings. In this article, we propose using Contextual Action Theory (CAT) as a conceptual framework for exploring NH experiences in a way that incorporates the active role of residents. CAT supports the active role of NH residents by emphasizing the capabilities of human beings to form preferences and act on those preferences, without assumptions of rationality. The emphasis on human action allows researchers to consider NH experiences as co-constructed between residents, care providers, and family members, which means placing an emphasis on the actions and goals of NH residents, no matter their cognitive or physical impairments. CAT also supports personhood and social citizenship concerns in NH research, by acknowledging the differing preferences and thereby differing experiences of NH care by individual residents. We argue that CAT should be considered a useful framework for putting residents in the center of NH research.
Consciousness Ain’t All That
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMost philosophers think that phenomenal consciousness underlies, or at any rate makes a large contribution, to moral considerability. This paper argues that many such accounts invoke question-begging arguments. Moreover, they’re unable to explain apparent differences in moral status across and within different species. In the light of these problems, I argue that we ought to take very seriously a view according to which moral considerability is grounded in functional properties. Phenomenal consciousness may be sufficient for having a moral value, but it may not be necessary, and it may contribute relatively little to our overall considerability.
Semiocide as Negation: Review of Michael Marder’s Dump Philosophy
Authors: Hendlin Yogi Hale 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review admires Michael Marder’s inquiry as a parallel for which biosemiotics can find points of conceptual resonance, even as methodological differences remain. By looking at the dump of ungrounded semiosis – the semiotics of dislocating referents from objects, and its effects – we can better do the work of applying biosemiotics not just towards the wonders of living relations, but also to the manifold ways in which industrial civilization is haphazardly yet systematically destroying the possibility for spontaneous yet contextualized semiogenesis. Biosemiotics has much to gain by understanding the ways, gross and subtle, in which Anthropocenic hubris undercuts our own ability to make sense of the world, doubling down on overconfidence at the expense of meaning-making.
This is why we pay—Motivational factors for supporting subscription-based crowdfunding campaigns
Authors: Jöntgen Hendrik , Lingnau Nicholas Valentin , Hinz Oliver , Holten Roland 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSubscription-based crowdfunding platforms emerged as novel digital platforms that offer creators the possibility of financial independence. They differ significantly from traditional time-limited crowdfunding approaches by utilizing recurring payments and enabling a creator-centric rather than campaign-centric funding approach. We built upon previous research on individuals’ motivation to support crowdfunding campaigns, and utilizing self-determination theory, our study explores which subscription-based crowdfunding campaign characteristics influence individuals’ motivation to support them. We use a two-method approach by analyzing individual pledge data from a subscription-based crowdfunding platform and conducting a discrete choice experiment. Our results show that having a high number of previous supporters increases potential supporters’ willingness to pay, while a campaign’s current recurring income and the hiding of this piece of information decrease it. We could also identify a u-shaped effect of campaigns’ goal proximity on willingness to pay. We discuss the theoretical and practical contributions of our research and provide an overview of potential future research directions.
Valorization of black carrot pomace and pea powder for co-production of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase
Authors: Esen Busra Nur , Uzuner Sibel , Sezgin Humeyra Taskent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPectic enzyme groups, particularly polygalacturonase and pectin lyase, are vital components of a high-value microbial enzyme category widely employed in applications within the fruit juice and wine industries. The exploration of alternative carbon and nitrogen sources remains crucial for enhancing enzyme production while reducing costs. This study evaluates the impact of carbon (black carrot pomace) and nitrogen (pea protein) loading on fermentable sugar content, protein content, and enzyme activities during both batch and fed-batch cultivation. Additionally, three distinct valorization techniques—thermal (steam), thermochemical (steam assisted with dilute acid), and microwave-assisted with dilute acid pretreatments—were assessed for their effectiveness in hydrolyzing black carrot pomace as a carbon source. The findings indicate that microwave-assisted dilute acid, coupled with enzymatic saccharification, resulted in the highest fermentable sugar production (0.493 g/g), achieving an 87.3% conversion yield. Pea protein demonstrated more favorable outcomes with the highest polygalacturonase activity (20.50 ± 0.52 U/L) and pectin lyase activity (46.44 ± 3.45 U/L) compared to whey protein and yeast extract used as nitrogen sources. Meanwhile, the highest polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activity, along with the highest total protein content (52.25 ± 0.06 mg/L), was recorded under the same culture conditions, reaching 164.34 ± 2.26 and 188.22 ± 1.72 U/L, respectively, after 72 h, representing approximately 1.18- and 1.34-fold increases from the batch system. Consequently, these results prove that fed-batch cultivation, utilizing black carrot pomace hydrolyzate as a feeding substrate and pea protein as a nitrogen source, significantly increases polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activity compared to batch cultivation.
Bi-directional information guidance network for UAV vehicle detection
Authors: Yang Jianxiu , Xie Xuemei , Wang Zhenyuan , Zhang Peng , Zhong Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUAV vehicle detection based on convolutional neural network exits a key problem of information imbalance of different feature layers. Shallow features have spatial information that is beneficial to localization, but lack semantic information. On the contrary, deep features have semantic information that is beneficial to classification, but lack spatial information. However, accurate classification and localization for UAV vehicle detection require both shallow spatial information and high semantic information. In our work, a bi-directional information guidance network (BDIG-Net) for UAV vehicle detection is proposed, which can ensure that each feature prediction layer has abundant mid-/low-level spatial information and high-level semantic information. There are two main parts in the BDIG-Net: shallow-level spatial information guidance part and deep-level semantic information guidance part. In the shallow-level guidance part, we design a feature transform module (FTM) to supply the mid-/low-level feature information, which can guide the BDIG-Net to enhance detailed and spatial features for deep features. Furthermore, we adopt a light-weight attention module (LAM) to reduce unnecessary shallow background information, making the network more focused on small-sized vehicles. In the deep-level guidance part, we use classical feature pyramid network to supply high-level semantic information, which can guide the BDIG-Net to enhance contextual information for shallow features. Meanwhile, we design a feature enhancement module (FEM) to suppress redundant features and improve the discriminability of vehicles. The proposed BDIG-Net can reduce the information imbalance. The experimental results show that the BDIG-Net can achieve accurate classification and localization for UAV vehicles and realize the real-time application requirements.
Environmental Policies in a Polluting Duopoly: A Simple Comparison
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Fanti Luciano , Gori Luca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a polluting Cournot duopoly with homogeneous goods, this work compares the environmental, public finance and welfare impacts of three policies: an emissions tax, an abatement subsidy, and a policy mix. A subsidy, alone or coupled with a tax, always increases abatement; however, taxation disincentivises production, leading to decreased environmental damage, which positively affects welfare. Except for a rather inefficient technology, the emissions tax produces the lowest environmental damage; this positive effect, jointly with the tax revenues the government collects, more than offsets the negative impact on profits and consumer surplus due to output contraction, leading to the highest welfare. Only when societal awareness is negligible and technology is inefficient does the government design a policy providing a subsidy.
Structurally Flexible 2D Spacer for Suppressing the Electron–Phonon Coupling Induced Non-Radiative Decay in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cao Ruikun , Sun Kexuan , Liu Chang , Mao Yuhong , Guo Wei , Ouyang Ping , Meng Yuanyuan , Tian Ruijia , Xie Lisha , Lü Xujie , Ge Ziyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study presents experimental evidence of the dependence of non-radiative recombination processes on the electron–phonon coupling of perovskite in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Via A-site cation engineering, a weaker electron–phonon coupling in perovskite has been achieved by introducing the structurally soft cyclohexane methylamine (CMA+) cation, which could serve as a damper to alleviate the mechanical stress caused by lattice oscillations, compared to the rigid phenethyl methylamine (PEA+) analog. It demonstrates a significantly lower non-radiative recombination rate, even though the two types of bulky cations have similar chemical passivation effects on perovskite, which might be explained by the suppressed carrier capture process and improved lattice geometry relaxation. The resulting PSCs achieve an exceptional power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5% with a record-high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.20 V for narrow bandgap perovskite (FAPbI3). The established correlations between electron–phonon coupling and non-radiative decay provide design and screening criteria for more effective passivators for highly efficient PSCs approaching the Shockley–Queisser limit.
The Impacts of Multiple Tropical Cyclone Events and Associated Precipitation on Household Income and Expenditures
Authors: Schleypen Jessie Ruth , Plinke Charlotte , Geiger Tobias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most destructive natural hazards. Damages arise from strong winds, compounded by associated flood-inducing hazards such as heavy rainfall and storm surge. Recent papers have shown that the modelled TC damage estimates fall short of the observed estimates due to the use of wind speed as a sole damage proxy. Damage estimates may be further confounded by inaccurate representations of vulnerability of people and economic sectors, for example, calling for adjusted damage thresholds in less developed regions. This paper evaluates the impacts of compounded TC hazards on household income and expenditure in the Philippines, with adjustments in vulnerability representation drawn from local information. Our results show that the omission of TC-associated precipitation leads to an underestimation of impacts, as well as the number of areas and economic sectors affected by TCs. We find that households cope through a reallocation of budgets and reliance on alternative income sources. Despite extensive public and private disaster risk reduction and management strategies, we still find significant losses in income and expenditures at any number of TC exposure.
Efficient solar-powered PEM electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen production: an integrated approach
Authors: Arunachalam Muthumeenal , Han Dong Suk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe coupling of photovoltaics (PVs) and PEM water electrolyzers (PEMWE) is a promising method for generating hydrogen from a renewable energy source. While direct coupling is feasible, the variability of solar radiation presents challenges in efficient sizing. This study proposes an innovative energy management strategy that ensures a stable hydrogen production rate, even with fluctuating solar irradiation. By integrating battery-assisted hydrogen production, this approach allows for decentralized, grid-independent renewable energy systems, mitigating instability from PV intermittency. The system utilizes electrochemical storage to absorb excess energy during periods of low or very high irradiation, which falls outside the electrolyzer’s optimal power input range. This stored energy then supports the PV system, ensuring the electrolyzer operates near its nominal capacity and optimizing its lifetime. The system achieves an efficiency of 7.78 to 8.81% at low current density region and 6.6% at high current density in converting solar energy into hydrogen.
Isolation enhancement of a two- orthogonal printed elliptical slot MIMO antenna array with EBG structure for millimeter wave 5G applications
Authors: Elabd Rania Hamdy , Megahed Amany A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work investigates a high-isolation Orthogonal Printed Elliptical Slot Antenna (OPESA) array with Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO). A unique composite Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structure consisting of a vertical six rings positioned between single element antennas were devised and investigated with the aim of reducing mutual interaction between antenna components. A distinct feeble electric field that could successfully inhibit the Mutual Coupling (MC) among the antenna components is easily produced by the suggested composite EBG construction. One type of decoupling constructions throughout the antenna growth was carefully examined at together the theoretical and physical levels in order to offer a clear representation of the suggested antenna array’s design concept and decoupling technique. The antenna array design process was cleverly separated into three stages. In order to verify the suggested decoupling idea, the array Scheme was constructed, assessed, and measured. Studying the antenna gain, radiation pattern, and reflection coefficient, it was found that the simulated and measured findings were very consistent. According to the models, the array has an extreme radiation efficiency of about 91%, a minor value of Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC < 1.8 × 10−4), and a maximal gain of 11.5 dBi. The electrical size, highest isolating grade and the recommended MIMO antenna’s 90 dB isolating bandwidth (BW) were assessed. The planned antenna has several appealing features that set it apart from previous similar designs. These features include a low design complexity, a great Diversity Gain rate (DG > 9.99 dB), the BW of the proposed antenna extends from 25 GHz to more than 40 GHz, an enormously great isolation level (about 90 dB), and compressed dimensions (51 mm × 30 × 1.6 mm). For verifying the recommended antenna for MIMO. the suggested MIMO antenna design’s radiation efficiency, a thorough time-domain study is suggested.
A Review on the 3D Cartographic and Spatiotemporal GIS Models for Safety of Accidents in Deep Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Eksert Pinar , Akcin Hakan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was the safety risk assessment of accidents that occur because of production dynamics in deep coal mining, one of the highly dangerous business class, with spatiotemporal GIS. In this study, accidents that occur at certain times during production in underground mining workplaces are discussed based on evaluations of spatial and temporal dimensions. Accordingly, various analyses have been handled using criminology science tactics and strategies such as 80–20, kernel density, space–time cube, and hot spot, which have been adapted to GIS tools. Implementations have been realized on 3D underground cartographic models covering accident data from deep coal mine workplaces in the Zonguldak-Kozlu basin in Turkey between 2019 and 2021, at an average elevation of – 400 m. Space–time cube, kernel density, and time series analyses suggest that the Annual Bonus Incentives, which are repeated every year and given before the new year, increase the psychosocial risks for employees. It has been determined that this situation can lead to problems such as poor concentration among miners and loss of focus in some shifts. Additionally, significant relationships were found between the number of accidents and monthly production progress rates as a temporal parameter. The results demonstrate that applying a reactive approach with spatiotemporal GIS to accidents in deep coal mines is becoming increasingly important.
Tackling AI Hyping
Authors: Sloane Mona , Danks David , Moss Emanuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe introduction of a new generation of AI systems has kicked off another wave of AI hype. Now that AI systems have added the ability to produce new content to their predictive capabilities, extreme excitement about their alleged capabilities and opportunities is matched only by long held fears about job loss and machine control.We typically understand the dynamics of AI hype to be something that happens to us, but in this commentary, we propose to flip the script. We suggest that AI hype is not a social fact, but a widely shared practice. We outline some negative implications of this practice and suggest how these can be mitigated, especially with regards to shifting ways of knowing and learning about AI, in the classroom and beyond. Even though pedagogical efforts (broadly understood) have benefited from AI hyping (there is now more varied AI training than ever), such efforts can also help minimize the impacts of hyping on the public’s credulity toward extravagant claims made about AI’s potential benefits and dangers.Below, we consider steps that can be taken to address this issue and illustrate pathways for more holistic AI educational approaches that participate to a lesser degree in the practice of AI hyping. We contend that designing better AI futures will require that AI hyping be blunted to enable grounded debates about the ways that AI systems impact people’s lives both now and in the near future.
Developmental epigenomic effects of maternal financial problems
Authors: Holuka Cyrielle , Menta Giorgia , Caro Juan Carlos , Vögele Claus , D’Ambrosio Conchita , Turner Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Early-life adversity as neglect or low socioeconomic status is associated with negative physical/mental health outcomes and plays an important role in health trajectories through life. The early-life environment has been shown to be encoded as changes in epigenetic markers that are retained for many years.
We investigated the effect of maternal major financial problems (MFP) and material deprivation (MD) on their children’s epigenome in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Epigenetic aging, measured with epigenetic clocks, was weakly accelerated with increased MFP. In subsequent EWAS, MFP, and MD showed strong, independent programing effects on children’s genomes. MFP in the period from birth to age seven was associated with genome-wide epigenetic modifications on children’s genome visible at age 7 and partially remaining at age 15.
These results support the hypothesis that physiological processes at least partially explain associations between early-life adversity and health problems later in life. Both maternal stressors (MFP/MD) had similar effects on biological pathways, providing preliminary evidence for the mechanisms underlying the effects of low socioeconomic status in early life and disease outcomes later in life. Understanding these associations is essential to explain disease susceptibility, overall life trajectories and the transition from health to disease.
Differences in germination traits of time-separated seed collections of dry forest species from Central Zambia and the potential role of climate
Authors: Chidumayo Emmanuel N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTime-separated seed collections with a separation period of 12–18 years were used to study recent changes in germination traits and the role of climate factors in seven tropical dry forest (TDF) woody species in Zambia, southern Africa. In all the species, peak and final germination were lower in recent (2016–2021) seed collections than in historic (1998–2005) seed collections during the first germination season. However, in species with seed dormancy, both peak and final germination after one year burial were higher in recent seed collections than in historic seed collections. Three monthly climate factors had significant effects on final germination in the different species and the timing of most of these factors was during seed development and ripening that suggest that these factors operated through mother plants. In species with seed dormancy, post-first-year germination of buried seeds responded to climate factors in the regeneration niche. Climate factors that significantly affected germination included those that changed over the separation period between historic and recent seed collections. This indicates that short-time climatic changes may have the potential to impact germination in TDF woody species of southern Africa. The germination responses to climate factors were both positive and negative and it is not clear whether these are adaptations or not. Further research is required to assess the adaptive significance of these changes in germination traits in TDF species of southern Africa.