bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective validation of the prognostic value of elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: More distant metastases and shorter overall survival after treatment
Authors: Lv Xing , Xiang Yan‐Qun , Cao Su‐Mei , Qian Chao‐Nan , Li Ning‐Wei , Guo Ling , Mai Hai‐Qiang , Chen Qiu‐Yan , Huang Pei‐Yu , Luo DongHua , Cao Ka‐Jia , Hong Ming‐Huang , Guo Xiang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodssVEGF was prospectively detected in 306 patients with NPC with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before treatment. The correlations between sVEGF and the survival of these patients were evaluated.ResultsPatients were followed for at least 36 months. The mean sVEGF was 387.0 ng/L. sVEGF showed no difference in sex, age, and local recurrence. However, sVEGF was positively associated with histology, TNM classification, distant metastasis, and overall survival (OS; p < .05). The 4‐year OS and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) of the high‐sVEGF versus low‐sVEGF groups were 68% versus 86% and 70% versus 89%, respectively (p < .05). Stratified analysis showed that patients with stage IVa,b, T4, N1, or Npositive disease with high VEGF levels had worse 4‐year OS and 4‐year DMFS than those with low VEGF levels (p < .05). Multifactorial Cox regression confirmed sVEGF was among the independent prognostic factors.ConclusionElevation of sVEGF in patients with NPC predicts more posttreatment distant metastases and shorter OS and can be used as an independent poor prognostic indicator. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 tumor expression in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer after induction chemotherapy for organ preservation
Authors: Rueda Antonio , Cazorla Oscar , Pérez Lidia , Álvarez Martina , Redondo Maximino , Gallego Elena , Sáez Maribel , Medina José Antonio , Solano José , Matilla Alfredo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression seems to be associated with worse overall survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purposes of this study were to assess the prognostic values of the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) in a cohort of patients with operable advanced laryngeal cancer who had been treated with induction chemotherapy.MethodsVEGF and VEGFR‐2 expression in the malignant cells was quantified by an enzyme immunosorbent assay in a retrospective series.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were included in this study. We found moderate to high VEGF expression in 61% of patients and none to low expression in 39%. VEGFR‐2 expression was moderate to high in 58% of patients and was none to low in 42%. The probability of a complete response to induction chemotherapy was significantly higher in patients with none to low VEGF expression (74% vs 40%; p = .02).ConclusionVEGF expression seems to be a significant predictor of complete response to induction chemotherapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Long–term follow‐up of 44 patients with adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses primarily treated with endoscopic resection followed by radiotherapy
Authors: Van Gerven Laura , Jorissen Mark , Nuyts Sandra , Hermans Robert , Vander Poorten Vincent 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic resection followed by radiotherapy as primary treatment for adenocarcinoma of the sinuses is emerging as an alternative to open resection.MethodsA total of 44 patients primarily treated by an endoscopic approach followed by radiotherapy from 1992 to 2004 seen at our ENT‐Department were analyzed for outcome and prognostic factors.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 61 months. Median follow‐up of the patients alive at the end of the follow‐up period was 100 months. For the 5‐year follow‐up, the overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and recurrence‐free survival were 63% (±7% SE), 82% (±6), and 60% (±8%), respectively. The overall survival, disease‐specific survival, and recurrence‐free survival after 100 months of follow‐up were 53% (±8%), 72% (±9%), and 54% (±9%), respectively. Four factors significantly influenced the disease‐specific survival.ConclusionThis study of a homogeneous cohort of patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma treated by endoscopic resection and radiotherapy confirms that endoscopic resection is a valid alternative to open resection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Survival of patients with palliative head and neck cancer
Authors: Ledeboer Quirine C. P. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Pruyn Jean F. A. , de Boer Maarten F. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , van der Velden Lilly‐Ann 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to describe patient characteristics and prognostic factors for survival in the palliative stage of patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsSince November 2003, all patients with palliative head and neck cancer treated in our hospital have been recorded in a central database. In total, 262 deceased patients were included in this retrospective study.ResultsThe reasons for palliation were inoperability, distant metastases, refusal of curative treatment, or poor condition. The mean palliative phase lasted 5.3 months for patients with squamous cell carcinomas. Involvement of a specialized nurse was significantly related with the number of admissions and place of dying. Multivariate analysis showed comorbidity and treatment to be independent predictors of survival in the palliative phase.ConclusionComorbidity and palliative interventions are possible prognostic factors for survival. The involvement of a specialized nurse might be associated with an improved quality of life. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Antitumor activity of enzastaurin as radiation sensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yin Xiaoying , Hayes D. Neil , Shores Carol G 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe antitumor effect of enzastaurin, a specific protein kinase C beta (PKC‐β) inhibitor, was tested on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines, as well as HNSCC xenograft model.MethodsHNSCC cell lines and xenograft were treated with enzastaurin alone or in combination with radiation to evaluate its antitumor effect. Annexin V‐FITC staining and Western blot were done to analyze enzastaurin‐induced changes in apoptosis and the PIK3/AKTAKT signal transduction pathway.ResultsEnzastaurin showed strong antitumor activity either alone or in combination with radiation both in HNSCC cell lines and in xenograft, with a corresponding reduction in the expression of key radioresponsive proteins.ConclusionEnzastaurin can inhibit tumor growth and improve the efficacy of radiation for HNSCC both in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that enzastaurin may represent a better strategy for the treatment of HNSCC patients, either as a monotherapy or as a radiosensitizer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Lean body mass gain in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer treated perioperatively with a protein‐ and energy‐dense nutritional supplement containing eicosapentaenoic acid
Authors: Weed Harrison G. , Ferguson Maree L. , Gaff Robin L , Hustead Deborah S. , Nelson Jeffrey L. , Voss Anne C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundCancer‐associated weight loss may be mediated by an inflammatory response to cancer. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may suppress this response.MethodsBeginning no later than 2 weeks before surgery, patients with head and neck cancer and with weight loss, who were undergoing major resection with curative intent consumed a protein‐ and energy‐dense nutritional supplement containing EPA from fish oil, in addition to usual diet or tube feed.ResultsThirty‐one subjects consumed an average of 1.8 containers/day before surgery and 1.5/day during hospitalization (per container: 300 kilocalories, 16 grams (g) protein, 1.08 g EPA). Seventy percent of subjects maintained or gained weight before hospital admission. Mean weight gain was 0.71 kg at admission and 0.66 kg at discharge. At discharge lean body mass increased by 3.20 kg (p < .001) and fat decreased by 3.19 kg (p < .001).ConclusionsAn EPA‐containing protein‐ and energy‐dense nutritional supplement may help increase perioperative lean body mass in patients with head and neck cancer–related weight loss. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Expression of inhibitor of apoptosis family proteins in human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis
Authors: Chen Yuk‐Kwan , Huse Shui‐Sang , Lin Li‐Min 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) expression, its relationship with p53, and epigenetic change in oral carcinogenesis that remain to be elucidated.MethodsWe measured IAP and p53 expression in 44 oral potentially malignant disorders and their corresponding malignant‐transformed oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), and in 44 other non‐transformed oral potentially malignant disorders. IAP and p53 expression in 10 fresh OSCCs, together with epigenetic change of their mutation, were also determined.ResultsNormal mucosa did not express IAP/mutated p53. Oral potentially malignant disorders that underwent transformation exhibited high IAPs (>90%) and less‐consistent mutated‐p53 (34%) expression, whereas transformed OSCCs exhibited high IAP and mutated‐p53 expression. Fresh OSCCs exhibited 80% to 100% IAP mRNA expression and 50% protein, mRNA, and p53 mutation expression. Normal tissues revealed DNA methylation of IAP, whereas cancerous tissues overexpressing IAP exhibited hypomethylation.ConclusionThis study showed that IAP expression is an early event in oral carcinogenesis and that epigenetic and genetic pathways are associated with IAP expression in OSCC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Limitations and complications of endoscopic surgery for treatment for sinonasal inverted papilloma: A reassessment after 212 cases
Authors: Lombardi Davide , Tomenzoli Davide , Buttà Laura , Bizzoni Andrea , Farina Davide , Sberze Federica , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Castelnuovo Paolo , Nicolai Piero 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to define the optimal surgical strategy for sinonasal inverted papilloma in relation to the site of origin and tumor extent.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients affected by inverted papilloma treated by purely endoscopic or combined approaches at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the University of Brescia and Pavia–Varese from November 1991 to December 2007.ResultsTwo hundred twelve patients were considered eligible for this study. An exclusive endoscopic approach was performed in 198 patients (93.4%); the remaining 14 patients (6.6%) underwent an endoscopic approach combined with an osteoplastic frontal flap. Follow‐up ranged from 24 to 192 months (mean, 53.8 months). A single recurrence was observed in 12 patients (5.7%). Twenty complications (9.4%) were observed.ConclusionEndoscopic surgery is the first choice in the treatment of inverted papilloma; only lesions with extensive involvement of frontal sinus and/or supraorbital cell may require a combined approach. A minimum follow‐up of 5 years is recommended. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Lymph node ratio as an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ebrahimi Ardalan , Clark Jonathan R. , Zhang Wan Jing , Elliott Michel S. , Gao Kan , Milross Christopher G. , Shannon Kerwin F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to validate the lymph node ratio (LNR) as an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare its utility with the current nodal staging system.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 313 patients with OSCC undergoing neck dissection. The LNR was adjusted by relevant covariates in a multivariable Cox regression model.ResultsLNR displaced conventional nodal staging and was shown to be an independent predictor of regional failure (p = .020), disease‐specific (p = .003) and overall survival (p = .001). Patients with an LNR of 2.5% to 7.5%, 7.5% to 20%, and >20% had 2.6, 3.7, and 4.4 times the risk of death from OSCC, respectively, when compared with patients with an LNR <2.5%.ConclusionsThe LNR is an independent prognostic factor in OSCC and may be used in conjunction with the current TNM staging to enable better risk stratification and selection for adjuvant therapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Prediction of depth‐integrated fluxes of suspended sediment in the Amazon River: particle aggregation as a complicating factor
Authors: Bouchez J. , Métivier F. , Lupker M. , Maurice L. , Perez M. , Gaillardet J. , France‐Lanord C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLarge rivers have been previously shown to be vertically heterogeneous in terms of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration, as a result of sorting of suspended solids. Therefore, the spatial distribution of suspended sediments within the river section has to be known to assess the riverine sedimentary flux. Numerous studies have focused on the vertical distribution of SPM in a river channel from a theoretical or experimental perspective, but only a few were conducted so far on very large rivers. Moreover, a technique for the prediction of depth‐integrated suspended sediment fluxes in very large rivers based on sediment transport dynamics has not yet been proposed. We sampled river water along depth following several vertical profiles, at four locations on the Amazon River and its main tributaries and at two distinct water stages. Depending on the vertical profile, a one‐ to fivefold increase in SPM concentration is observed from river channel surface to bottom, which has a significant impact on the ‘depth‐averaged’ SPM concentration. For each cross section, a so‐called Rouse profile quantitatively accounts for the trend of SPM concentration increase with depth, and a representative Rouse number can be measured for each cross section. However, the prediction of this Rouse number would require the knowledge of the settling velocity of particles, which is dependent on the state of aggregation affecting particles within the river. We demonstrate that in the Amazon River, particle aggregation significantly influences the Rouse number and renders its determination impossible from grain‐size distribution data obtained in the lab. However, in each cross section, the Rouse profile obtained from the fit of the data can serve as a basis to model, at first order, the SPM concentration at any position in the river cross section. This approach, combined with acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) water velocity transects, allows us to accurately estimate the depth‐integrated instantaneous sediment flux. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape structure, groundwater dynamics, and soil water content influence soil respiration across riparian–hillslope transitions in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest, Montana
Authors: Pacific Vincent J. , McGlynn Brian L. , Riveros‐Iregui Diego A. , Welsch Daniel L. , Epstein Howard E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVariability in soil respiration at various spatial and temporal scales has been the focus of much research over the last decade aimed to improve our understanding and parameterization of physical and environmental controls on this flux. However, few studies have assessed the control of landscape position and groundwater table dynamics on the spatiotemporal variability of soil respiration. We investigated growing season soil respiration in a ∼393 ha subalpine watershed in Montana across eight riparian–hillslope transitions that differed in slope, upslope accumulated area (UAA), aspect, and groundwater table dynamics. We collected daily‐to‐weekly measurements of soil water content (SWC), soil temperature, soil CO2 concentrations, surface CO2 efflux, and groundwater table depth, as well as soil C and N concentrations at 32 locations from June to August 2005. Instantaneous soil surface CO2 efflux was not significantly different within or among riparian and hillslope zones at monthly timescales. However, cumulative integration of CO2 efflux during the 83‐day growing season showed that efflux in the wetter riparian zones was ∼25% greater than in the adjacent drier hillslopes. Furthermore, greater cumulative growing season efflux occurred in areas with high UAA and gentle slopes, where groundwater tables were higher and more persistent. Our findings reveal the influence of landscape position and groundwater table dynamics on riparian versus hillslope soil CO2 efflux and the importance of time integration for assessment of soil CO2 dynamics, which is critical for landscape‐scale simulation and modelling of soil CO2 efflux in complex landscapes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using 137Cs measurements to establish catchment sediment budgets and explore scale effects
Authors: Porto Paolo , Walling Desmond E. , Callegari Giovanni 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGrowing awareness of the wider environmental significance of fine sediment transport by rivers and associated sediment problems linked to sediment–water quality interactions, nutrient and contaminant transfer, and the degradation of aquatic habitats has resulted in the need for an improved understanding of the mobilization and transfer of sediment in catchments to support the development of effective sediment management strategies. The sediment budget provides a key integrating concept for assembling information on the internal functioning of a catchment in terms of its sediment dynamics by providing information on the mobilization, transfer, storage and output of sediment. One key feature of a catchment sediment budget is the relationship between the sediment yield at the catchment outlet and rates of sediment mobilization and transfer within the catchment, which is commonly represented by the sediment delivery ratio. To date, most attempts to derive estimates of this ratio have been based on a comparison of the measured sediment yield from a catchment with an estimate of the erosion occurring within the catchment, derived from an erosion prediction procedure, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or its revised version, RUSLE. There is a need to obtain more direct and spatially distributed evidence of the erosion rates occurring within a catchment and to characterize the links between sediment mobilization, transfer, storage and output more explicitly. In this context, fallout radionuclides have proved particularly useful as sediment tracers. This paper reports the results of a study aimed at exploring the use of caesium‐137 (137Cs) measurements to establish sediment budgets for three catchments of different sizes and contrasting land use located in Calabria, southern Italy. Long‐term measurements of sediment output were available for the catchments, and, by using the estimates of gross and net rates of soil loss within the catchments provided by 137Cs measurements, it was possible to establish the key components of the sediment budget for each catchment. By documenting the sediment budgets of three catchments of different sizes, the study provides a basis for exploring the effects of scale on catchment sediment budgets and, in particular, the increasing importance of catchment storage as the size of the catchment increases. The results of this study demonstrate a reduction in the sediment delivery ratio from 98 to 2% as catchment area increases from 1·47 ha to 31·2 km2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of area under‐estimations of sloped mountain terrain on simulated hydrological behaviour: a case study using the ACRU model
Authors: Kienzle Stefan W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSloped areas calculated from a GIS raster file, such as a digital elevation model, are smaller than the true surface area, because they are projected to a planimetric plane. In mountainous regions this sloped area under‐estimation (SAUE) can have significant consequences on hydrological calculations. A sensitivity analysis is conducted, using the ACRU agro‐hydrological modelling system in a small watershed in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, to investigate the sensitivity of the SAUE on key elements of the hydrological cycle, including precipitation depth, April snow depth, August soil moisture deficit, actual evapotranspiration depth, and runoff depth. The sensitivity analysis is based on 224 unique combinations of slope, soil and land cover types, elevation with associated precipitation depths, and north and south facing radiation regimes. Results revealed an increasing influence of the SAUE on all hydrological processes with increasing slope steepness. Distinct differences and magnitudes between different land cover types, different elevations, and, in particular, different exposition were quantified. Actual evapotranspiration increases with SAUE, while runoff decreases. April soil water is simulated to decrease with an increase in SAUE. Finally, a comparison of a streamflow simulation of a small and steep alpine watershed with and without consideration of the SAUE is carried out. The sloped area of the small watershed is under‐estimated by 20·9%, and the difference in simulated runoff is 12·3%. When the SAUE was not considered, runoff was simulated to be higher, the associated coefficient of determination was slightly lower, and the slope of the regression line was flatter. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gelling process differences in reverse emulsion, in situ gelling polymeric materials for intracranial aneurysm embolization, formulated with injectable contrast agents
Authors: Riley Celeste M. , McLemore Ryan , Preul Mark C. , Vernon Brent L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe use of liquid‐to‐solid curing materials for brain aneurysm embolization has become increasingly attractive, as liquid embolics can be delivered noninvasively and can potentially achieve a higher degree of aneurysm volume occlusion. This study was aimed at characterizing differences in the gelling process of a reverse emulsion, crosslinking polymer system formulated with different types of injectable contrast agents. The polymeric system consists of poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate (PPODA) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (QT). These monomers undergo Michael‐type addition upon initiation by a basic, aqueous solution. Conray™ and Omnipaque™ 300, commercially available contrast agents, were pH‐adjusted to basic conditions and used as initiating solutions with the PPODA‐QT system. Material characteristics were identified through rheology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that Conray‐ and Omnipaque‐formulated materials progress through the gelling process uniquely, evidenced by distinctly different viscosity profiles and droplet distributions. These results indicate that Conray is more miscible with the PPODA‐QT organic phase. Greater solubility in the organic phase allows Conray‐formulated gels to have faster and more widespread reaction initiation kinetics when Conray and Omnipaque have the same pH. Omnipaque‐formulated gels require a higher pH for the material to solidify in a time frame comparable to Conray‐formulated gels. This discrepancy arises because the majority of reaction initiation sites in Omnipaque‐formulated gels occur at phase boundaries via hydroxide ion flux from emulsified droplets rather than from hydroxide ions that are solubilized and integrated within the PPODA‐QT organic phase. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.