bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-continental national nutrition surveys: a narrative review
Authors: Alkhaldy Areej A. , Aljaadi Abeer M. , Jalil Abbe M. Mhd. , Alyoubi Doaa A. , Saleemani Haneen H. , Eid Ruba H. , Almohmadi Najlaa H. , Al-Otaibi Hala H. , Ajabnoor Sarah M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany countries use national nutrition surveys (NNSs) to assess their population’s health and nutrition needs. However, NNS aims, approaches, tools, and measurements vary among countries. To date, there has been no review evaluating the NNSs and their practices worldwide to help conduct future NSSs. Therefore, this narrative review was conducted to 1) explore and tabulate current NNSs in five continents (Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, and Australia) and 2) help lay the foundation for establishing clear guidelines for future NNSs. The NNSs were identified using two approaches. First, an electronic database search was conducted with key terms in PubMed database. Second, a general web-based search on the survey webpages of governmental organizations was conducted using the same key terms to identify eligible surveys. The review included general adult population (≥ 18 years) with a cross-sectional design, excluding NNSs related to household-only surveys, specific age groups, or insufficient sample sizes. A total of 41 NNSs were identified in 37 countries across four continents: Asia (n = 15), Europe (n = 21), North America (n = 3), and Australia (n = 2). Broad differences between the surveys were identified, including survey purposes and designs, definitions of geographic areas and target groups, and dietary assessments. Currently, there are 26 ongoing NNSs, while 15 have ended. Among the ongoing NNSs, the cycles of the surveys were either at regular intervals (n = 8) or irregular intervals (n = 8). Of the 41 surveys, 24-h dietary recalls were used in 27 surveys, while only 6 surveys used diet diaries and 8 surveys relied on FFQs. Some surveys (n = 17) utilized multiple tools to assess dietary intake. Most of the surveys that assessed biochemical status (n = 12) focused on blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid status, whereas some surveys (n = 6) tested for vitamin and mineral status in blood and/or urine samples. The review identified key characteristics, time frames, sampling methods, and dietary and physical assessment methods obtained from different surveys worldwide. The information organized in this review will be important for researchers, policymakers, and public health programme developers in developing and improving NNS.
Feasibility of an early progressive resistance exercise program for acute Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Christensen Marianne , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Zellers Jennifer A. , Kjær Inge Lunding , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Long-term strength deficits are common after Achilles tendon ruptures. Early use of progressive resistance exercises may help reduce strength deficits, but the feasibility of this approach is unknown. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of early progressive resistance exercises regarding patient acceptability and compliance with the intervention.

Methods
We recruited patients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture treated non-surgically. During 9 weeks of immobilisation with a walking boot, participants attended weekly supervised physiotherapy sessions of progressive resistance exercises and performed home exercises, consisting of isometric ankle plantarflexion, seated heel-rise, and elastic band exercises. Acceptability was evaluated using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = very unacceptable and 7 = very acceptable) with feasibility threshold at 80% of the participants rating ≥ 4. Adherence to the exercises was defined as 80% of the participants performing at least 50% of the home exercises. During the intervention, tendon healing and adverse events were monitored.

Results
Sixteen participants (mean age 46 (range 28–61), male/female = 13/3) completed the intervention. Pre-injury Achilles tendon total rupture score was 98 (SD 8). All participants rated the acceptability of the exercises ≥ 5 (moderate acceptable to very acceptable) at 9- and 13-week follow-up and 9/16 rated 7 points (very acceptable). Participants performed 74% (range 4–117) of the total prescribed home exercises and 15/16 performed > 50%. One participant was not compliant with the home exercises due to feeling uncomfortable performing these independently. There were no re-ruptures, but one case of deep venous thrombosis.

Conclusions
The early progressive resistance exercise program for treatment of non-surgically treated Achilles tendon rupture was feasible. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of the progressive intervention.

Trial registration
The study was registered at Clinical Trials (NCT04121377) on 29 September 2019. ClinicalTrials: NCT04121377.
Selection and molecular identification of specific entomopathogens in South Sulawesi and the pathogenicity to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Najamuddin Erwin , Sebayang Amelia , Tenrirawe Andi , Yasin Muhammad , Manwan Sri Wahyuni , Djaya Ernawati , Arrahman Ayyub , Salim  , Rohimatun  , Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Saenong M. Sudjak , Fattah Abdul , Bahtiar  , Kuswinanti Tutik , Aminah  , Hasbi  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as fall armyworm (FAW), is a wide-scale invasion pest that resulted in crop yield loss and certainly caused critical economic damage. Therefore, several control strategies such as the application of entomopathogen agent to control the population can be applied. The study aimed to designate and identify the candidate entomopathogens fungi (EPF) from South Sulawesi to control FAW.

Results
The research was conducted in several stages: field exploration, isolation, purification, bioassay, and morphological or genetical identification of selected fungi. The identification found out that: Sarocladium strictum, Talaromyces purpureogenus, and Aspergillus terreus had significant mortality percentages and incubation time in killing FAW. The highest mortality percentage was obtained in the case of the A. terreus (MLN8) isolate with an average mortality of 83.33% (2 days after incubation); A. terreus (4b) with an average mortality of 76.67% (4 days after incubation); both S. strictum (3) and T. purpureogenus (2B) required 3 and 5 days to control FAW, respectively, with 73% mortality percentage.

Conclusion
Ultimately, the exploration of several areas in South Sulawesi discovered potential EPF to suppress the FAW population biologically. Therefore, the identification of those EPFs contributes to FAW strategies control and the development of biopesticides.
Centralized smart energy monitoring system for legacy home appliances
Authors: Ahmad Shahed S. , Almasalha Fadi , Qutqut Mahmoud H. , Hijjawi Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing global population and reliance on electrical devices for daily life resulted in sharply rising energy consumption. Also, this leads to higher household electricity bills. As a result, there is a growing demand for energy monitoring systems that can accurately estimate energy usage to help save power, especially for older home appliances that are difficult or expensive to update with monitoring sensors. However, current energy monitoring systems have some drawbacks, such as the inability to detect different types of appliances and the deployment complexity. Moreover, such systems are too costly to use in older power infrastructures. To address this issue, we proposed a centralized smart energy monitoring system designed for legacy home appliances, aiming to address the limitations of current energy monitoring systems by avoiding costly infrastructure upgrades to calculate the power consumption of legacy home appliances. The proposed system employs a two-layered architecture comprising hardware (Emontx device, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC), and Current Transformer (CT) sensors) and a software layer that includes Artificial Intelligence (AI) predictors using a pre-defined set of rules and K Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithms. We conducted three experiments on real home appliances to evaluate the proposed work. The accuracy of the proposed system showed positive results after several modifications and hard tuning of several parameters in devices, specifically for Jordanian power plants.
Refined protocol for newly onset identification in non-obese diabetic mice: an animal-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient alternative
Authors: Liao Chia-Chi , Hsieh Chia-Chun , Shia Wei-Chung , Chou Min-Yuan , Huang Chuan-Chuan , Lin Jhih-Hong , Lee Shu-Hsien , Sung Hsiang-Hsuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Therapeutic interventions for diabetes are most effective when administered in the newly onset phase, yet determining the exact onset moment can be elusive in practice. Spontaneous autoimmune diabetes among NOD mice appears randomly between 12 and 32 weeks of age with an incidence range from 60 to 90%. Furthermore, the disease often progresses rapidly to severe diabetes within days, resulting in a very short window of newly onset phase, that poses significant challenge in early diagnosis. Conventionally, extensive blood glucose (BG) testing is typically required on large cohorts throughout several months to conduct prospective survey. We incorporated ultrasensitive urine glucose (UG) testing into an ordinary BG survey process, initially aiming to elucidate the lag period required for excessive glucose leaking from blood to urine during diabetes progression in the mouse model.

Results
The observations unexpectedly revealed that small amounts of glucose detected in the urine often coincide with, sometimes even a couple days prior than elevated BG is diagnosed. Accordingly, we conducted the UG-based survey protocol in another cohort that was validated to accurately identified every individual near onset, who could then be confirmed by following few BG tests to fulfill the consecutive BG + criteria. This approach required fewer than 95 BG tests, compared to over 700 tests with traditional BG survey, to diagnose all the 37–38 diabetic mice out of total 60. The average BG level at diagnosis was slightly below 350 mg/dl, lower than the approximately 400 mg/dl observed with conventional BG monitoring.

Conclusions
We demonstrated a near perfect correlation between BG + and ultrasensitive UG + results in prospective survey with no lag period detected under twice weekly of testing frequency. This led to the refined protocol based on surveying with noninvasive UG testing, allowing for the early identification of newly onset diabetic mice with only a few BG tests required per mouse. This protocol significantly reduces the need for extensive blood sampling, lancet usage, labor, and animal distress, aligning with the 3Rs principle. It presents a convenient, accurate, and animal-friendly alternative for early diabetes diagnosis, facilitating research on diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
Underreporting of implementation strategies and barriers in physical activity interventions for young people at risk of problematic substance use: a brief report
Authors: Klamert Lisa , Craike Melinda , Bedi Gillinder , Kidd Susan , Pascoe Michaela C. , Parker Alexandra G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Several studies have assessed whether physical activity interventions can reduce substance use in young people at risk of problematic substance use. This report identifies and describes the reporting of implementation characteristics within published studies of physical activity interventions for young people at risk of problematic substance use and provides recommendations for future reporting.

Methods
Reported implementation strategies (including intervention manualization), barriers, implementation fidelity, and personnel acceptance were extracted from studies of physical activity interventions for young people aged 12–25 years at risk of problematic substance use that were included in a previous systematic review of intervention efficacy.

Results
Implementation strategies were reported in less than half of the included studies (42.9%), implementation barriers in only 10.7% of studies, intervention fidelity in 21.4%, and personnel acceptance in a single study (3.6%).

Conclusions
Results indicate insufficient reporting of implementation strategies, barriers, fidelity, and personnel acceptance. Consideration of implementation characteristics is essential for implementing physical activity interventions in practice. Inadequate or limited reporting of these characteristics may contribute to delayed uptake and adoption of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice. Recommendations to improve the reporting of implementation information include integrating standards for reporting implementation characteristics into existing reporting guidelines, developing an international taxonomy of implementation strategies, and upskilling intervention researchers in the fundamentals of implementation science.
Integrated encoder-decoder-based wide and deep convolution neural networks strategy for electricity theft arbitration
Authors: Kumawat Manoj , Onaolapo Adeniyi , Sharma Gulshan , Barutcu Ibrahim Cagri , Adefarati Temitope , Bansal Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntegrating energy systems with information systems in smart grids offers a promising avenue for combating electricity theft by leveraging real-time data insights. Suspicious activity indicative of theft can be identified through anomalous consumption patterns observed in smart networks. However, a smart model is required for capturing and analysing the data intelligently to accurately detect electricity theft. In the paper, electricity theft has been detected using an encoder-decoder-based classifier that integrates two models of convolutional neural networks (CNN). The aim is to scan the strength of the data and built a smart model that analysed the connections in complex data and determine the pattern of theft. The model comprises three compartments: the auto-encoder, the wide convolutional neural network (1-D CNN model), and the deep convolutional neural network (2-D CNN model). The auto-encoder has been trained on the complex and in-depth linkage between the theft data and the normal data as it removes noise and unnecessary information. The 1-D CNN model gathers relevant connections and general features, while the 2-D CNN model determines the rate at which energy theft occurs and differentiates between the energy-stealing consumers and normal consumers. The efficacy of the approach is underscored by its superiority over traditional deep learning and machine learning techniques. This paper elucidates the distinct advantages and applications of the proposed model in combating electricity theft within smart grid environments.
Anticoccidial activity of essential oils containing eugenol against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
Authors: Geng Tiantian , Peng Xinran , Wu Linyue , Shen Bang , Fang Rui , Zhao Junlong , Zhou Yanqin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of alternative therapies to treat chicken coccidiosis has become a hot topic because of the widespread use of conventional medicines. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of eugenol in treating Eimeria tenella infection in broilers. Broiers, at the age of 14 d, were orally infected with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts, and then, eugenol essential oil was added to chicken feed at three different dosages (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg). The anticoccidial effects of eugenol essential oil were assessed using the anticoccidial index (ACI). As a result, eugenol exhibited a moderate anticoccidial effect, with an ACI of 167.37 at 0.2 g/kg. After eugenol treatment, the expression of occludin in the epithelial cells of the chicken cecum was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in the epithelial cells of the nontreated control (IC) group. The proportion of intestinal Lactobacillus_agilli increased. Eugenol therapy dramatically increased the activity of superoxide dismutase. After high-dose treatment, the expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-6 significantly decreased, while the expression of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ significantly increased. The safety of eugenol essential oil was evaluated at the 1, 3 or 6 recommended doses. Overall, no significant differences were detected in the blood tests or serum biochemistry of the chickens between the treatment groups and the control group. As a result, eugenol essential oil can cure chicken coccidiosis by improving the intestinal microbial structure in the chicken cecum and decreasing the cecum's inflammatory reactions, thus strengthening immune function and eventually demonstrating anticoccidial properties.
A generalized stochastic block model for overlapping community detection
Authors: Liu Xuan-Chen , Zhang Li-Jie , Xu Xin-Jian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, community detection has been extensively explored. Yet, the problem of identifying overlapping communities has not been fully solved. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach, called the generalized stochastic block model, to address this issue by allowing nodes to belong to multiple communities. This approach extends the traditional representation of nodal community assignment from a single community label to a label vector, with each element indicating the membership of a node in a specific community. We develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to tackle the model. Through numerical experiments conducted on synthetic and empirical networks, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework in accurately detecting overlapping communities.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors vs Metformin for New-onset Dementia: A Propensity Score-matched Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Siyang , Wan Heng , Nie Sheng , Cao Huanyi , Liu Lan , Liang Hua , Xu Hong , Liu Bicheng , Chen Chunbo , Liu Huafeng , Yang Qiongqiong , Li Hua , Kong Yaozhong , Li Guisen , Wan Qijun , Zha Yan , Hu Ying , Xu Gang , Shi Yongjun , Zhou Yilun , Su Guobin , Tang Ying , Gong Mengchun , Guo Aixin , Weng Jianping , Wu Hongjiang , Hou Fan Fan , Shen Jie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy interventions for alleviating the risk of dementia remain controversial, particularly regarding dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors vs metformin. Our objective was to investigate whether the initiation of DPP4 inhibitors, as opposed to metformin, was linked to a reduced risk of dementia.

Methods
We included individuals with type 2 diabetes over 40 years old who were new users of DPP4 inhibitors or metformin in the Chinese Renal Disease Data System database between 2009 and 2020. The study employed Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression for survival analysis and the Fine and Gray model for the competing risk of death.

Results
Following a 1:1 propensity score matching, the analysis included 3626 DPP4 inhibitor new users and an equal number of metformin new users. After adjusting for potential confounders, the utilization of DPP4 inhibitors was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause dementia compared to metformin [hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.89]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the utilization of DPP4 inhibitors was associated with a reduced incidence of dementia in individuals who initiated drug therapy at the age of 60 years or older (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48-0.98), those without baseline macrovascular complications (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.96), and those without baseline microvascular complications (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.98).

Conclusion
In this real-world study, we found that DPP4 inhibitors presented an association with a lower risk of dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes than metformin, particularly in older people and those without diabetes-related comorbidities.
Germline Variants in Sporadic Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S , Bin Nafisah Abdulghani , Alswailem Meshael , Alghamdi Balgees , Alsaihati Burair , Aljafar Hussain , Baz Batoul , Alhindi Hindi , Moria Yosra , Butt Muhammad Imran , Alkabbani Abdulrahman Ghiatheddin , Alshaikh Omalkhaire M , Alnassar Anhar , Bin Afeef Ahmed , AlQuraa Reem , Alsuhaibani Rawan , Alhadlaq Omar , Abothenain Fayha , Altwaijry Yasser A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Data on germline genetics of pituitary adenomas (PAs) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) are limited.

Objective
This study investigated the germline genetic variants in patients with PAs using WES.

Methods
We studied 134 consecutive functioning (80.6%) and nonfunctioning (19.4%) PAs in 61 female (45.5%) and 73 male patients (54.5%). Their median age was 34 years (range, 11-85 years) and 31 patients had microadenomas (23.0%) and 103 macroadenomas (77%). None of these patients had family history of PA or a known PA-associated syndrome. Peripheral blood DNA was isolated and whole-exome sequenced. We used American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria and a number of in silico analysis tools to characterize genetic variant pathogenicity levels and focused on previously reported PA-associated genes.

Results
We identified 35 variants of unknown significance (VUS) in 17 PA-associated genes occurring in 40 patients (29.8%). Although designated VUS by the strict ACGM criteria, they are predicted to be pathogenic by in silico analyses and their extremely low frequencies in 1000 genome, gnomAD, and the Saudi Genome Project databases. Further analysis of these variants by the Alpha Missense analysis tool yielded 8 likely pathogenic variants in 9 patients in the following genes: AIP:c.767C&gt;T (p.S256F), CDH23:c.906G&gt;C (p.E302D), CDH23:c.1096G&gt;A (p.A366T), DICER1:c.620C&gt;T (p.A207V), MLH1:c.955G&gt;A (p.E319K), MSH2:c.148G&gt;A (p.A50T), SDHA:c.869T&gt;C (p.L290P) and USP48 (2 patients): c.2233G&gt;A (p.V745M).

Conclusion
This study suggests that about 6.7% of patients with apparently sporadic PAs carry likely pathogenic variants in PA-associated genes. These findings need further studies to confirm them.
Fast Friends: The Impact of Short-Term Visits on Firms’ Invention Outcomes
Authors: Kang Hyo , Eklund John C. 
Published: April 2024

We examine how employees’ short-term visits between research and development (R&D) centers across different countries can enhance a firm’s invention outcomes through enhancing intraorganizational knowledge flows and mutual trust between scientists. We utilize the staggered introduction of the U.S. visa waiver program (VWP) to 41 countries in 1988–2023, which substantially increased short-term visits to the United States. Following the introduction of the VWP, global pharmaceutical companies with R&D centers in VWP countries showed a significant increase in invention quantity and scope compared with those without R&D centers in VWP countries. Notably, we find that the benefits of short-term visits are greater when there is an intermediate knowledge distance between firms’ R&D centers in the United States and VWP countries. If R&D centers have similar knowledge bases, efficient knowledge flows can occur even without visits. For centers with very different knowledge bases, short-term visits do not provide enough time for sufficient knowledge flows. Benefits of short-term visits are also magnified when the cultural distance is greater between firms’ R&D centers. Our findings highlight that even short-term face-to-face interactions can enhance the sharing of tacit knowledge and subsequent invention, thereby offering important managerial and policy implications. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.16081 .