bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCS9.7 Enhancer activity is highly, but not completely, associated with expression of Irf6 and p63
Authors: Fakhouri Walid D. , Rhea Lindsey , Du Tianli , Sweezer Eileen , Morrison Harris , Fitzpatrick David , Yang Baoli , Dunnwald Martine , Schutte Brian C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMCS9.7‐lacZ expression in whole mount staining. Bgal activity was detected in transient (Rahimov et al. [2008] Nat Gen 40:1341–1347), and in stable transgenic murine embryos at E11.5. Optical tomography (OPT) movies showing the Bgal activity of stable transgenic embryo in 2‐D. Counterstaining was done using green pseudocolor and red represent Bgal expression. From Fakhouri et al., Developmental Dynamics 241:340–349, 2012.
Concurrent habitat and life history influences on effective/census population size ratios in stream‐dwelling trout
Authors: Belmar‐Lucero Sebastian , Wood Jacquelyn L. A. , Scott Sherylyne , Harbicht Andrew B. , Hutchings Jeffrey A. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLower effective sizes (Ne) than census sizes (N) are routinely documented in natural populations, but knowledge of how multiple factors interact to lower Ne/N ratios is often limited. We show how combined habitat and life‐history influences drive a 2.4‐ to 6.1‐fold difference in Ne/N ratios between two pristine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations occupying streams separated by only 750 m. Local habitat features, particularly drainage area and stream depth, govern trout biomass produced in each stream. They also generate higher trout densities in the shallower stream by favoring smaller body size and earlier age‐at‐maturity. The combination of higher densities and reduced breeding site availability in the shallower stream likely leads to more competition among breeding trout, which results in greater variance in individual reproductive success and a greater reduction in Ne relative to N. A similar disparity between juvenile or adult densities and breeding habitat availability is reported for other species and hence may also result in divergent Ne/N ratios elsewhere. These divergent Ne/N ratios between adjacent populations are also an instructive reminder for species conservation programs that genetic and demographic parameters may differ dramatically within species.
The Utilization of Performance Information: the Dutch Network Ecological Monitoring
Authors: de Kool Dennis 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTNew Public Management has been a catalyst for monitoring activities in the public sector. Although monitoring of policy processes is quite prevalent, the utilization of monitoring data remains underexplored. This article analyses the utilization of information generated by the Dutch Network Ecological Monitoring (NEM), by first looking at its characteristics. We then distinguish between theoretical approaches to utilizing monitoring data and the critical factors for utilizing monitoring suggested by these approaches. Finally, the NEM is used to draw empirical and theoretical conclusions with respect to the utilization of information from performance monitoring. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Heterometallic, Hybrid, Heavy Main‐Group Iodometallates Containing Lanthanide Complexes: Template Synthesis, Structures, Thermal, Optical, Luminescent and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Mishra Shashank , Jeanneau Erwann , Iasco Olga , Ledoux Gilles , Luneau Dominique , Daniele Stéphane 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUsing [Ln(L)8]3+ [Ln = Tb, Y; L = dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF)] cations as templating reagents, the syntheses and crystal structures of the following new metal organic–inorganic hybrid complexes based on either discrete clusters or 1D chains of an iodoplumbate or‐bismuthate moiety are reported: [Tb(DMSO)8]2[(DMSO)2Pb5I16] (1), [Tb(DMF)8][Pb3I9]1∞·DMF (2) and [Ln(DMF)8][Bi2I9] [Ln = Y (3), Tb (4)]. These derivatives were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy and magnetic studies. TGA studies show that the thermal stability of these complexes decreases in the order 2 > 3 ≈ 4 > 1. An optical band‐gap in the range 1.90–2.15 eV in the diffuse‐reflectance spectra of 1–4 indicate their potential use as semiconductors, 3 and 4 being the most promising because of their low band gap values. Compared to the precursors [Tb(DMSO)8]I3 and [Tb(DMF)8]I3, the high energy transitions in the excitation spectra of 1, 2 and 4 are quenched by a process that is best attributed to the autoionization of the carriers in the material. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibilities of 1, 2 and 4 was reproduced well by a Curie–Weiss plot at 2–300 K.
α‐Polymethine‐Substituted Boron Dipyrromethenes – BODIPY‐Based NIR Cyanine‐Like Dyes
Authors: Shandura Mykola P. , Yakubovskyi Viktor P. , Gerasov Andriy O. , Kachkovsky Olexiy D. , Poronik Yevgen M. , Kovtun Yuriy P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA series of dyes bearing polymethine chromophore units in boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) α‐positions were prepared by condensation of 3,5‐dimethyl boron dipyrromethene with various hemicyanines. One or two methyl groups of the starting material can react, yielding the corresponding mono‐ and disubstituted derivatives. The deeply coloured monosubstituted dyes belong to the family of merocyanine dyes and exhibit spectral properties and chemical behaviour similar to those of meso‐analogues. On the other hand, disubstituted dyes show more complex absorption spectra compared to their monosubstituted counterparts, and their absorption maxima are redshifted (up to 970 nm, the most redshifted absorption known among borondipyrromethene derivatives). Spectral methods and quantum‐chemical calculations suggest evolution of the long‐wavelength electronic transition from dipyrromethene type into polymethine on changing the character of the peripheral chromophore system. The nature of highest electronic transitions has been analyzed.
TMDS as a Dual‐Purpose Reductant in the Regioselective Ring Cleavage of Hexopyranosyl Acetals to Ethers
Authors: Zhang Yin‐Jie , Dayoub Wissam , Chen Guo‐Rong , Lemaire Marc 
Published: February 2012

Abstract1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) has been developed as an excellent dual‐purpose reductant for the highly regioselective ring cleavage of various hexopyranosyl 4,6‐O‐acetals with Cu(OTf)2 or AlCl3 to afford the corresponding primary and secondary ethers. Its application to the concise synthesis of carbohydrate‐based surfactants is highlighted.
Endocrine disrupting, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects of upper Danube River sediments using effect-directed analysis
Authors: Higley Eric , Grund Stefanie , Jones Paul D. , Schulze Tobias , Seiler Thomas-B. , Varel Urte Lübcke-von , Brack Werner , Wölz Jan , Zielke Hanno , Giesy John P. , Hollert Henner , Hecker Markus 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) can be useful in identifying and evaluating potential toxic chemicals in matrixes. Previous investigations of extracts of sediments from the upper Danube River in Germany revealed acute nonspecific and mechanism-specific toxicity as determined by several bioassays. In the present study, EDA was used to further characterize these sediments and identify groups of potentially toxic chemicals. Four extracts of sediments were subjected to a novel fractionation scheme coupled with identification of chemicals to characterize their ability to disrupt steroidogenesis or cause mutagenic and/or teratogenic effects. All four whole extracts of sediment caused significant alteration of steroidogenesis and were mutagenic as well as teratogenic. The whole extracts of sediments were separated into 18 fractions and these fractions were then subjected to the same bioassays as the whole extracts. Fractions 7 to 15 of all four extracts were consistently more potent in both the Ames fluctuation and H295R assays. Much of this toxicity could be attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sterols, and in fraction 7-naphthoic acids. Because the fraction containing polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorodibenzodioxin/furan, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and several organophosphates did not cause any observable effects on hormone production or a mutagenic response, or were not detected in any of the samples, these compounds could be eliminated as causative agents for the observed effects. These results demonstrate the value of using EDA, which uses multiple bioassays and new fractionation techniques to assess toxicity. Furthermore, to our knowledge this is the first study using the recently developed H295R assay within EDA strategies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1053–1062. © 2012 SETAC
Outage analysis of dual‐hop Alamouti transmission with channel estimation error
Authors: Xu Kun , Yi Xiaoxin , Gao Yuanyuan , Zang Guozhen 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we investigate the outage probability performance of dual‐hop Alamouti transmission with channel estimation error in Rayleigh fading channels. The cumulative density function‐based method is adopted to obtain the outage probability expression in closed‐form. Power allocation between the source and relay is also studied. Furthermore, asymptotic analysis is conducted to shed light on the diversity order. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cone calorimeter evaluation of two flame retardant cotton fabrics
Authors: White Robert H. , Nam Sunghyun , Parikh Dharnidhar V. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYUnbleached (gray) cotton needle‐punched nonwoven (NW) fabrics with 12.5% polypropylene scrim were treated with two phosphate–nitrogen‐based flame retardant (FR) formulations, Southern Regional Research Center (SRRC)‐1 and SRRC‐2. The SRRC‐1 formulation contains diammonium phosphate as the FR chemical along with urea and dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea. Because a trace amount of formaldehyde was still expected to be released from SRRC‐1‐treated FR cotton under high heat, it was preferable to eliminate the dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea, leading to the revised formulation SRRC‐2. It has a higher content of diammonium phosphate and did not use the polyethylene emulsion that was in SRRC‐1. Both formulations were of low cost as they were developed at SRRC using industrial grade chemicals. The fabrics were evaluated with a cone calorimeter using three heat flux levels, 20, 30, and 50 kW/m2. On the basis of the overall cone calorimeter results for heat released and ignition times, FR NW fabrics that were treated with SRRC‐2 were found to be slightly superior in flammability properties to those treated with the earlier SRRC‐1 formulation, but the differences were statistically insignificant. Both preparations were much less flammable than the untreated control cotton NW fabrics. Compared with the untreated NW fabrics, the FR fabrics had higher visible smoke production. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of orbitally shaken viscous fluids with free surface
Authors: Discacciati Marco , Hacker David , Quarteroni Alfio , Quinodoz Samuel , Tissot Stéphanie , Wurm Florian M. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYOrbitally shaken bioreactors are an emerging alternative to stirred‐tank bioreactors for large‐scale mammalian cell culture, but their fluid dynamics is still not well defined. Among the theoretical and practical issues that remain to be resolved, the characterization of the liquid free surface during orbital shaking remains a major challenge because it is an essential aspect of gas transfer and mixing in these reactors. To simulate the fluid behavior and the free surface shape, we developed a numerical method based on the finite element framework. We found that the large density ratio between the liquid and the gas phases induced unphysical results for the free surface shape. We therefore devised a new pressure correction scheme to deal with large density ratios.The simulations operated with this new scheme gave values of wave amplitude similar to the ones measured experimentally. These simulations were used to calculate the shear stress and to study the mixing principle in orbitally shaken bioreactors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometric computation of human gyrification indexes from magnetic resonance images
Authors: Su Shu , White Tonya , Schmidt Marcus , Kao Chiu‐Yen , Sapiro Guillermo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHuman brains are highly convoluted surfaces with multiple folds. To characterize the complexity of these folds and their relationship with neurological and psychiatric conditions, different techniques have been developed to quantify the folding patterns, also known as the surface complexity or gyrification of the brain. In this study, the authors propose a new geometric approach to measure the gyrification of human brains from magnetic resonance images. This approach is based on intrinsic 3D measurements that relate the local brain surface area to the corresponding area of a tightly wrapped sheet. The authors also present an adaptation of this technique in which the geodesic depth is incorporated into the gyrification computation. These gyrification measures are efficiently and accurately computed by solving geometric partial differential equations. The presentation of the geometric framework is complemented with experimental results for brain complexity in typically developing children and adolescents. Using this novel approach, the authors provide evidence for a gradual decrease in brain surface complexity throughout childhood and adolescence. These developmental differences occur earlier in the occipital lobe and move anterior as children progress into young adulthood. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Periods of rest in fMRI contain individual spontaneous events which are related to slowly fluctuating spontaneous activity
Authors: Petridou Natalia , Gaudes César Caballero , Dryden Ian L. , Francis Susan T. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractfMRI studies of brain activity at rest study slow (<0.1 Hz) intrinsic fluctuations in the blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal that are observed in a temporal scale of several minutes. The origin of these fluctuations is not clear but has previously been associated with slow changes in rhythmic neuronal activity resulting from changes in cortical excitability or neuronal synchronization. In this work, we show that individual spontaneous BOLD events occur during rest, in addition to slow fluctuations. Individual spontaneous BOLD events were identified by deconvolving the hemodynamic impulse response function for each time point in the fMRI time series, thus requiring no information on timing or a‐priori spatial information of events. The patterns of activation detected were related to the motor, visual, default‐mode, and dorsal attention networks. The correspondence between spontaneous events and slow fluctuations in these networks was assessed using a sliding window, seed‐correlation analysis, where seed regions were selected based on the individual spontaneous event BOLD activity maps. We showed that the correlation varied considerably over time, peaking at the time of spontaneous events in these networks. By regressing spontaneous events out of the fMRI signal, we showed that both the correlation strength and the power in spectral frequencies <0.1 Hz decreased, indicating that spontaneous activation events contribute to low‐frequency fluctuations observed in resting state networks with fMRI. This work provides new insights into the origin of signals detected in fMRI studies of functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emotional brain rhythms and their impairment in post‐traumatic patients
Authors: Cohen Jonathan E. , Shalev Hadar , Admon Roee , Hefetz Shy , Gasho Christopher J. , Shachar Lavi J. , Shelef Ilan , Hendler Talma , Friedman Alon 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPatients with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suffer from a failure of cognitive control over emotional distracters. The physiological substrates of cognitive‐emotional interactions and their breakdown in disease are, however, unknown. Here, we studied brain activity in PTSD patients and healthy controls in response to emotion‐provoking pictures using electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We demonstrate that in healthy individuals, emotion‐induced frontal theta rhythm modulates activity in the beta rhythm mainly in sensory‐motor regions. In contrast, in PTSD patients, beta activity is elevated irrespective of emotion, and is not modulated by frontal theta activity in response to negative emotion. EEG source localization and fMRI findings suggest that theta activity is localized to the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices while beta activity is localized to sensory‐motor regions. We further found that beta activity in sensory‐motor regions is related to the emotion‐induced slowing of the motor response in healthy controls while the excess frontal theta activity in PTSD is related to the intensity of negative emotional experience. These findings reveal for the first time the importance of brain electrical oscillations and coherence in emotional top‐down modulation and point to specific failure of these mechanisms in PTSD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dimensionality of between‐person differences in white matter microstructure in old age
Authors: Lövdén Martin , Laukka Erika Jonsson , Rieckmann Anna , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Li Tie‐Qiang , Jonsson Tomas , Wahlund Lars‐Olof , Fratiglioni Laura , Bäckman Lars 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBetween‐person differences in white matter microstructure may partly generalize across the brain and partly play out differently for distinct tracts. We used diffusion‐tensor imaging and structural equation modeling to investigate this issue in a sample of 260 adults aged 60–87 years. Mean fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of seven white matter tracts in each hemisphere were quantified. Results showed good fit of a model positing that individual differences in white matter microstructure are structured according to tracts. A general factor, although accounting for variance in the measures, did not adequately represent the individual differences. This indicates the presence of a substantial amount of tract‐specific individual differences in white matter microstructure. In addition, individual differences are to a varying degree shared between tracts, indicating that general factors also affect white matter microstructure. Age‐related differences in white matter microstructure were present for all tracts. Correlations among tract factors did not generally increase as a function of age, suggesting that aging is not a process with homogenous effects on white matter microstructure across the brain. These findings highlight the need for future research to examine whether relations between white matter microstructure and diverse outcomes are specific or general. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical plasticity is preserved in nondemented older individuals with severe ischemic small vessel disease
Authors: List Jonathan , Duning Thomas , Kürten Julia , Deppe Michael , Wilbers Eike , Flöel Agnes 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIschemic small vessel disease (SVD) is a common finding on routine scans in older people, but cognitive sequelae vary considerably. To improve understanding of mechanisms underlying decline or preservation of cognitive function in this condition, we assessed cognition and cortical plasticity in 20 elderly subjects with severe SVD and 20 age‐matched controls without SVD, as rated on conventional MRI. Cognitive status was determined with a neuropsychological test battery, cortical plasticity induced with a paired associative stimulation protocol. Microstructural white matter changes were further analyzed for fractional anisotrophy using diffusion tensor imaging. We found that cortical plasticity as well as memory functions were preserved in severe SVD, while executive functions showed trendwise or significant decreases. Within the SVD group, lower white matter integrity in parahippocampal regions and posterior parts of the corpus callosum was associated with larger cortical plasticity, an association not seen for prefrontal white matter tracts. Enhanced cortical plasticity in subjects with lower white matter integrity in memory‐relevant areas might thus indicate a compensatory mechanism to counteract memory decline in severe SVD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HOW HAVE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES INFLUENCED CALORIC CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES?
Authors: Rickard Bradley J. , Okrent Abigail M. , Alston Julian M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTMany commentators have speculated that agricultural policies have contributed to increased obesity rates in the United States, yet such claims are often made without any analysis of the complex links between real‐world farm commodity support programs, prices and consumption of foods, and caloric intake. This article carefully studies the effects of US agricultural policies on prices and quantities of 10 agricultural commodities and nine food categories in the United States over time. Using a detailed multimarket model, we simulate the counterfactual removal of measures of support applied to US agricultural commodities in 1992, 1997, and 2002 and quantify the effects on US food consumption and caloric intake. To parameterize the simulations, we calculate three alternative measures of consumer support (the implicit consumer subsidy from policies that support producers) for the 10 agricultural commodities using information about government expenditures on agricultural commodities from various sources. Our results indicate that—holding all other policies constant—removing US subsidies on grains and oilseeds in the three periods would have caused caloric consumption to decrease minimally whereas removal of all US agricultural policies (including barriers against imports of sugar and dairy products) would have caused total caloric intake to increase. Our results also indicate that the influence of agricultural policies on caloric intake has diminished over time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the BOLD characteristics in pass‐band bSSFP fMRI
Authors: Kim Taek Soo , Lee Jongho , Lee Jin Hyung , Glover Gary H. , Pauly John M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBalanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) has been proposed as an alternative method to acquire the blood oxygenation level dependent contrast. Particularly, pass‐band bSSFP functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is believed to utilize the T2 sensitivity of bSSFP in a relatively wide and flat off‐resonance frequency band of the bSSFP profile. The method has a potential to provide higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) efficiency with reduced imaging artifacts compared to conventional approaches. Previous experimental results suggested that the level of the functional contrast and its characteristics are significantly influenced by the sequence parameters. However, few of these contrast characteristics have been investigated systematically. In this study, a computer simulation was performed to investigate the sources of functional contrast and the influence of scan parameters on the functional contrast to elucidate the contrast characteristics of pass‐band bSSFP fMRI. Experiments were performed to validate the simulation results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 23–32, 2012