bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Stability-Based Hydroxymethyl Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Interpenetrating Dual Network Hydrogel Electrolyte for Flexible Yarn Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Ting-Ting , Chen Pei , Fu Xiang-dong , Shen Bao-lei , Zhang Lu , Hsieh Chien-Teng , Lin Jia-Horng , Lou Ching-Wen 
Published: June 2024

As the field of wearable electronics continues to boom, the demand for flexible energy storage devices continues to grow. However, the development of soft energy supply devices with excellent stability is still a challenging task. Traditional hydrogel electrolytes are prone to mechanical deformation, which makes it difficult to maintain the functional stability of flexible yarn due to its short battery life and low wear resistance. Here, we developed a reversible energy-dissipating dual-network hydrogel electrolyte. The hydroxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel electrolyte has a tensile deformation of 2700% and a high ionic conductivity of 6.37 × 10−2 S cm−1. The specific capacity of the assembled CMC/PAM-based yarn cell was 170 μAh cm−1 at 1 mA cm−1 and 73.14% after 100 cycles. The excellent performance is attributed to the crosslinked double network structure, in which the introduction of carboxyl groups is conducive to the improvement of hydrophilicity and ionic conductivity. The hydrogen bond and reversible CMC macromolecular chain can be restored after stress relief, which greatly improves the toughness of the material. Even under different bending angles and repeated bending conditions, zinc yarn batteries still have outstanding mechanical properties and cycle stability (71.28% specific capacity after 100 cycles), showing broad application prospects in wearable smart textiles.
Function and activity capacity at 1 year after the admission to intensive care unit for COVID-19
Authors: Hussain Netha , Hansson Per-Olof , Samuelsson Carina M , Persson Carina U 
Published: June 2024

Objective To describe hand grip strength, walking speed, functional mobility, and postural control at one year following intensive care unit admission for COVID-19, and to find any predictors that are associated with impaired hand grip strength, walking speed, functional mobility, or postural control at the 1-year follow-up. Design Retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study. Setting Intensive care unit and outpatient research clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Participants Of the 105 individuals in “The Gothenburg Recovery and Rehabilitation after COVID-19 and Intensive Care Unit” cohort, 78 participated in this study. Main measures Descriptive statistics for hand grip strength, walking speed, functional mobility, and postural control were presented and binary logistic regressions were performed to find their significant predictors. Results At 1-year following intensive care unit admission for COVID-19, impaired hand grip strength was found in 24.4% for the right hand and 23.1% for the left hand. Walking speed, functional mobility, and postural control were found to be impaired in 29.5%, 21.8%, and 5.1%, respectively. For impaired walking speed, longer length of stay at intensive care unit and presence of diabetes mellitus were risk factors. Diabetes mellitus was found to be the risk factor for impaired functional mobility. Conclusion In this study, 45% of the participants showed impairment in function, activity capacity or both. These results suggest that individuals who recovered after intensive care unit admission for COVID-19 would benefit from receiving long-term follow-up to enable identification of those with need of physical health assistance and rehabilitation.
Innovative hybrid nanocomposites of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 reinforced with sepiolite and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Khan Zahid Iqbal , Habib Unsia , Mohamad Zurina Binti , Tufail Arbab , Raji Abdulwasiu Muhammed , Khan Asmat Ullah 
Published: June 2024

This research delves into the novel development of hybrid nanocomposites using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET)/polyamide (PA11) with sepiolite, enhanced by the integration of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP). Five different formulations were produced using co-rotating twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding techniques. The optimal blend, which includes equal amounts of sepiolite and graphene nanoplatelets (phr, 1 part per hundred resin each), exhibited a tensile strength of 54.5 MPa, representing an increase in tensile strength by 46.5% and an increase in percent strain by 59% as the GNP content increased from 0.2 to 1 phr, replacing sepiolite. Young’s modulus of hybrid nanocomposites varied between 1020 and 1285 MPa, indicating a significant enhancement. Flexural strength in the best-performing hybrid nanocomposite containing 1 phr of sepiolite and 1 phr of GNP (HNC-G1.0) increased by 61.65% to 76.46 MPa from 47.3 MPa (HNC-G0.0). In contrast, its flexural modulus reached 2668 MPa from HNC-G0.0 (1730 MPa), demonstrating substantial improvements. The impact strength also showed a notable 83% rise from HNC-G0.0 (252.97 J/m) to 463.18 J/m (HNC-G1.0). Despite these mechanical enhancements, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. At the same time, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed that the melting temperature remained stable, ensuring consistent processing conditions. This innovative research paves the way for advanced applications of rPET, particularly in the automotive industry. It marks a significant advancement in polymer science, promoting sustainable solutions and high-performance hybrid nanocomposites.
Extended limit-collapsed surfaces using fragility analysis of high voltage transmission towers located in coastal areas under wind load
Authors: Kwon Kyungrok , Choi Youngjin , Choi Yangrok , Han Whi Seok , Kim Jeong Hun , Kong Jung Sik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract When evaluating the fragility of structures in response to wind loads, vulnerability analyses are often conducted under intact conditions. Therefore, the actual strength of aged transmission towers may be compromised, resulting in severe damage. Especially for steel structures used over a long period in coastal areas, there is a potential for performance degradation due to corrosion. One of the high-voltage transmission towers, the 765 kV transmission tower, is taller than other towers, making it more vulnerable to strong winds in the event of corrosion. In this study, the structural performance degradation of 765 kV transmission towers in coastal regions based on their service life was investigated. Capacity distributions were provided considering the uncertainties in various parameters, such as the wind attack angle and material properties. A fragility assessment process that accounts for uncertainties in the wind conditions and aerodynamic parameters is proposed. Using the research results, we created limit-collapsed surfaces to evaluate the structural safety of transmission towers based on their service life, wind speed, and wind attack angle. The results showed a quantitative decrease in structural safety due to corrosion depending on the service life, with the most unfavorable wind attack angle being 0°. The proposed limit-collapsed surface can help efficiently evaluate structural conditions considering wind speed, wind attack angle, and service life. Hence, this study can serve as a basis for the structural evaluation of modern transmission towers to avoid power disruptions in major cities.
Morpho-constitutional analysis of urolithiasis and in vitro litholytic evaluation of select plants against diverse renal calculi variants
Authors: Belhachem Abdelaali , Makhloufi S. , Lecheheb R. , Mediouni D. , Bennekrouf A. , Amiar A. , Bengueddach A. , Belkacem W. , Boudia F. , Yousfi M. J. , Toumi H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study explores the potential litholytic activity of medicinal plant infusions, specifically Arenaria rubra, Hordeum vulgare, and Zea mays, as well as a combination of these infusions, on various types of urinary calculi. Given the traditional use of these plants in managing kidney stones and the need for alternative treatments, this investigation aims to assess their efficacy in dissolving different types of calculi.

Materials and methods
Samples representing calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), cystine (Cy), uric acid (UA), and calcium phosphate (CP) calculi were analyzed using FTIR and optical microscopy. Herbal infusions were prepared at a concentration of 14 g/l, and the dissolution capacity was evaluated by incubating the calculi samples in the infusions for eight weeks. Microscopic examination and statistical analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of the infusions.

Results and discussion
Limited dissolution of COM and COD calculi was observed with the infusions, consistent with their known resistance to dissolution. Significant dissolution effects were observed for Cy, UA, and CP calculi, especially with infusions of A. rubra and H. vulgare. These findings suggest the potential of plant infusions as complementary therapeutic agents for certain types of kidney stones.

Conclusion
This study highlights the promising litholytic activity of medicinal plant infusions, specifically A. rubra and H. vulgare, which indicates a significant dissolution of various urinary calculi. While further research is needed to validate these findings, integrating plant infusions, extracts, or essential oils into clinical practice could offer additional treatment options for managing kidney stones and preventing recurrence.
Genome-wide identification of ATG genes and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses in Fenneropenaeus chinensis
Authors: Guan Chenhui , Li Yalun , Wang Qiong , Wang Jiajia , Tian Caijuan , He Yuying , Li Zhaoxia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process in eukaryotes that contributes to cell survival in response to multiple stresses and is important for organism fitness. Extensive research has shown that autophagy plays a pivotal role in both viral infection and replication processes. Despite the increasing research dedicated to autophagy, investigations into shrimp autophagy are relatively scarce.

Results
Based on three different methods, a total of 20 members of the ATGs were identified from F. chinensis, all of which contained an autophagy domain. These genes were divided into 18 subfamilies based on their different C-terminal domains, and were found to be located on 16 chromosomes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that ATG genes were extensively distributed in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression levels were detected in muscle and eyestalk. To clarify the comprehensive roles of ATG genes upon biotic and abiotic stresses, we examined their expression patterns. The expression levels of multiple ATGs showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, with the highest expression levels observed at 6 h and/or 24 h after WSSV injection. The expression levels of three genes (ATG1, ATG3, and ATG4B) gradually increased until 60 h after injection. Under low-salt conditions, 12 ATG genes were significantly induced, and their transcription abundance peaked at 96 h after treatment.

Conclusions
These results suggested that ATG genes may have significant roles in responding to various environmental stressors. Overall, this study provides a thorough characterization and expression analysis of ATG genes in F. chinensis, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies and promising potential in innate immunity.
GWAS combined with QTL mapping reveals the genetic loci of leaf morphological characters in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Ji Yan , Liu Guoxiang , Yan Sifan , Jiang Xun , Wu Mengting , Liu Wei , Li Yuan , Yang Aiguo , Dai Peigang , Du Shuaibin , Li Yangyang , Wang Jun , Zhang Xingwei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Leaf morphology plays a crucial role in photosynthetic efficiency and yield potential in crops. Cigar tobacco plants, which are derived from common tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), possess special leaf characteristics including thin and delicate leaves with few visible veins, making it a good system for studying the genetic basis of leaf morphological characters.

Results
In this study, GWAS and QTL mapping were simultaneously performed using a natural population containing 185 accessions collected worldwide and an F2 population consisting of 240 individuals, respectively. A total of 26 QTLs related to leaf morphological traits were mapped in the F2 population at three different developmental stages, and some QTL intervals were repeatedly detected for different traits and at different developmental stages. Among the 206 significant SNPs identified in the natural population using GWAS, several associated with the leaf thickness phenotype were co-mapped via QTL mapping. By analyzing linkage disequilibrium and transcriptome data from different tissues combined with gene functional annotations, 7 candidate genes from the co-mapped region were identified as the potential causative genes associated with leaf thickness.

Conclusions
These results presented a valuable cigar tobacco resource showing the genetic diversity regarding its leaf morphological traits at different developmental stages. It also provides valuable information for novel genes and molecular markers that will be useful for further functional verification and for molecular breeding of leaf morphological traits in crops in the future.
The abnormalities of free fatty acid metabolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Ke , Yuan Zhongyu , Wang Shengwei , Zhao Shifeng , Cui Hao , Lai Yongqiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown the importance of energy deficiency and malfunctioning mitochondria in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). There has been a little research into the relationship between plasma free fatty acids (FFA), one of the heart’s main energy sources, and HCM. We evaluated its clinical importance in HCM to see if there was a link between plasma FFA metabolism and HCM.

Methods
In a single-center retrospective observational study, we investigated 420 HCM patients diagnosed at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Meanwhile, 1372 individuals without HCM (non-HCM) were recruited. 391 non-HCM patients were chosen as controls via a propensity score matching (PSM) study with a 1:1 ratio.

Results
FFA in HCM patients showed statistically significant correlations with creatinine (r = 0.115, p = 0.023), estimated GFR (r=-0.130, p = 0.010), BNP (r = 0.152, p = 0.007), LVEF (r=-0.227, p < 0.001), LVFS (r=-0.160, p = 0.002), and LAD (r = 0.112, p = 0.028). Higher FFA levels were found in HCM patients who had atrial fibrillation and NYHY functional classes III or IV (p = 0.015 and p = 0.022, respectively). In HCM patients, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BNP and LVEF had independent relationships with increasing FFA (Standardized = 0.139, p = 0.013 and =-0.196, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Among HCM patients, the plasma FFA concentration was lower, and those with AF and NYHY functional class III or IV had higher FFA levels, and LVEF and BNP were independently associated with increasing FFA. The findings of the study should help inspire future efforts to better understand how energy deficiency contributes to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) development.
Advanced HIV disease and associated factors among young people aged 15—24 years at a tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Baldeh Mamadu , Kizito Samuel , Lakoh Sulaiman , Sesay Daniel , Williams Samuel Adeyemi , Barrie Umu , Dennis Frida , Robinson Dimbintsoa Rakotomalala , Lamontagne Franck , Amahowe Franck , Turay Patrick , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Geng Elvin , Ssewamala Fred M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Advanced HIV disease (AHD) in young people living with HIV (PLHIV) is an increasingly pressing public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global progress in early HIV testing and reducing HIV-related deaths, many youths experience increased rates of HIV disease progression in sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the burden, clinical manifestations, and factors for disease progression among young PLHIV aged 15 – 24 years seeking medical services at a major public hospital in Sierra Leone.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV patients aged 15 to 24 seen at Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone between September 2022 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of AHD in young PLHIV and performed logistic regression modelling to explore predictors of AHD. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests.

Results
Of the 581 PLHIV that were reported, 238 (40.9%) were between the ages of 15 and 24 years, with a median age of 22 (20—24), and 151 (63.5%) were females. On review, 178 (74.8%) has initiated antiretroviral therapy regimen (ART); 117 (65.7%) were actively on ART for ≤ 6 months, while 114 (64%) had interruptions with their ART treatment. The overall prevalence of AHD was 41.6% (99/238); 46.7% (35/68) of young PLHIV at the HIV clinic, and 39.3% (64/163) of admission. Sex—Female (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.94; p = 0.030), and Tertiary Education level (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10 – 0.78; p = 0.015) have significantly lower odds of AHD in the entire study population. While for inpatients, Age (young Adults) of PLHIV (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.00–1.52; p = 0.047) had 1.23 times the odds of AHD compared to adolescents, and being female (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.84; p = 0.024), Overweight—Body mass index (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.77; p = 0.028), Tertiary Education level (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.52; p = 0.008) have significantly lower odds of AHD. Common conditions reported for the AHD group in the medical wards are tuberculosis (13.58%), hepatitis B (6.13%), Kaposi sarcoma (3.07%), and oesophagal candidiasis (2.45%).

Conclusion
We reported a high prevalence of advanced HIV among young patients in a tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone. One in two young PLHIV aged 15 to 24 years reported AHD, emphasizing the need to strengthen public health measures that address access to and retention of HIV services.
IDEAL-IQ combined with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging for quantitative diagnosis of osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Zhe , Liu Chenglong , Shi Zhaojuan , Qin Jian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common chronic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mineral content and microstructural damage, leading to increased fracture risk. Traditional methods for measuring bone density have limitations in accurately distinguishing vertebral bodies and are influenced by vertebral degeneration and surrounding tissues. Therefore, novel methods are needed to quantitatively assess changes in bone density and improve the accurate diagnosis of OP.

Methods
This study aimed to explore the applicative value of the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation-iron (IDEAL-IQ) sequence combined with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Data from 135 patients undergoing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), IDEAL-IQ, and IVIM-DWI were prospectively collected and analyzed. Various parameters obtained from IVIM-DWI and IDEAL-IQ sequences were compared, and their diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.

Results
Statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups for FF, R2*, f, D, DDC values, and BMD values. FF and f values exhibited negative correlations with BMD values, with r=-0.313 and − 0.274, respectively, while R2*, D, and DDC values showed positive correlations with BMD values, with r = 0.327, 0.532, and 0.390, respectively. Among these parameters, D demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy for osteoporosis (AUC = 0.826), followed by FF (AUC = 0.713). D* exhibited the lowest diagnostic performance for distinguishing the osteoporosis group from the other two groups. Only D showed a significant difference between genders. The AUCs for IDEAL-IQ, IVIM-DWI, and their combination were 0.74, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively.

Conclusions
IDEAL-IQ combined with IVIM-DWI provides valuable information for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and offers evidence for clinical decisions. The superior diagnostic performance of IVIM-DWI, particularly the D value, suggests its potential as a more sensitive and accurate method for diagnosing osteoporosis compared to IDEAL-IQ. These findings underscore the importance of integrating advanced imaging techniques into clinical practice for improved osteoporosis management and highlight the need for further research to explore the full clinical implications of these imaging modalities.
Vaping during pregnancy: a systematic review of health outcomes
Authors: Ussher Michael , Fleming Joy , Brose Leonie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to maternal and child health. Vaping is used for smoking cessation but evidence on health effects during pregnancy is scarce. We conducted a systematic review of health outcomes of vaping during pregnancy.

Methods
We searched six databases for maternal/fetal/infant outcomes and vaping, including quantitative, English language, human studies of vaping during pregnancy, to November 10th, 2023. We assessed study quality with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. We focused on comparisons of exclusive-vaping with non-use of nicotine and tobacco products and with smoking. Presentation is narrative as the studies were of insufficient quality to conduct meta-analysis.

Results
We included 26 studies, with 765,527 women, with one randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing vaping and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation, 23 cohort studies and two case–control studies. While the RCT met 4/5 quality criteria, the quality of the cohort studies and case–control studies was poor; none adequately assessed exposure to smoking and vaping. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping with ‘non-use’, more reported no increased risk for vaping (three studies) than reported increased risk for maternal pregnancy/postpartum outcomes (one study) and for fetal and infant outcomes (20 studies no increased risk, four increased risk), except for birth-weight and neurological outcomes where two studies each observed increased and no increased risk. When the RCT compared non-users with those not smoking but vaping or using NRT, irrespective of randomisation, they reported no evidence of risk for vaping/NRT. For studies comparing exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, most studies provided evidence for a comparable risk for different outcomes. One maternal biomarker study revealed a lower risk for vaping. For small-for-gestational-age/mean-birth-centile equal numbers of studies found lower risk for vaping than for smoking as found similar risk for the two groups (two each).

Conclusions
While more studies found no evidence of increased risk of exclusive-vaping compared with non-use and evidence of comparable risk for exclusive-vaping and exclusive-smoking, the quality of the evidence limits conclusions. Without adequate assessment of exposure to vaping and smoking, findings cannot be attributed to behaviour as many who vape will have smoked and many who vape may do so at low levels.

Study registration
https://osf.io/rfx4q/.