bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure–response relationship between chrysotile exposure and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis
Authors: Deng Qian , Wang Xiaorong , Wang Mianzheng , Lan Yajia 
Published: July 2011

ObjectivesTo describe mortality in workers exposed to chrysotile asbestos, and determine exposure–response relationships between asbestos exposure and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis by fitting and comparing different models.MethodsA prospective cohort consisting of 586 workers in an asbestos textile factory was followed from 1 January 1972 to 31 December 2006. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect personal information and exposure data. Paired concentration samples measured in the workshops were used to convert dust concentrations to fibre concentrations. Individual cumulative asbestos exposure was estimated as the product of fibre concentrations and duration of employment in each job and expressed as fibre-years/ml. The vital status of cohort members was followed annually. Poisson regression analysis was applied to fit log-linear, log-quadratic, power, additive relative risk and categorical models to estimate exposure–response relationships between cumulative fibre exposure and mortality from lung cancer and asbestosis.ResultsOf the 226 deaths (14.6 per 1000 person-years) over the 35-year follow-up, 51 were from lung cancer (3.29 per 1000 person-years) and 37 from asbestosis (2.39 per 1000 person-years). A significant exposure–response relationships with either lung cancer or asbestosis (p<0.001) was observed in the final model. The power model with lagged 10 years was found to be the best model of those evaluated for both lung cancer (β coefficient=0.53) and asbestosis (β coefficient=0.63).ConclusionsThe study confirmed strong associations between exposure to chrysotile asbestos and lung cancer and asbestosis, in which clear exposure–response relationships were observed.
p53-Dependent BRCA1 Nuclear Export Controls Cellular Susceptibility to DNA Damage
Authors: Jiang Juhong , Yang Eddy S. , Jiang Guochun , Nowsheen Somaira , Wang Hong , Wang Tong , Wang Yihan , Billheimer Dean , Chakravarthy A. Bapsi , Brown Melissa , Haffty Bruce , Xia Fen 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Subcellular localization regulates BRCA1 function, and BRCA1 is exported to the cytoplasm following DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. Because more than 50% of solid tumors harbor p53 mutations, it is possible that genetically wild-type (wt) BRCA1 is functionally abnormal through compromised nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in sporadic breast cancer patients with dysfunctional p53. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms of p53-dependent BRCA1 subcellular distribution and DNA damage-induced nuclear export, as well as the impact on the resulting cytotoxic response to therapy in human breast cancer. We first show that p53 mediates BRCA1 nuclear export via protein–protein binding, rather than by modulation of its transcription. Furthermore, it is the C-terminal (BRCT) region of BRCA1 that is critical for its interaction with p53, and p53 may promote BRCA1 nuclear export by interrupting the association of BRCA1 with BARD1. In sporadic breast cancer specimens, dysfunctional p53 strongly correlates with nuclear retention of sequence-verified wt BRCA1. This p53-dependent BRCA1 shuttling determines cellular susceptibility to DNA damage as augmentation of cytosolic BRCA1 significantly enhances cancer cell susceptibility to ionizing radiation. Taken together, our data suggest that p53 dysfunction compromises nuclear export of wt BRCA1 as a mechanism to increase cellular resistance to DNA damage in sporadic breast cancer. We propose that targeting nuclear BRCA1 to the cytoplasm may offer a unique strategy to sensitize p53-deficient sporadic breast cancers to DNA damage–based therapy. Cancer Res; 71(16); 5546–57. ©2011 AACR.
IL-12 Release by Engineered T Cells Expressing Chimeric Antigen Receptors Can Effectively Muster an Antigen-Independent Macrophage Response on Tumor Cells That Have Shut Down Tumor Antigen Expression
Authors: Chmielewski Markus , Kopecky Caroline , Hombach Andreas A. , Abken Hinrich 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDuring malignant progression cancer cells tend to lose cell surface expression of MHC and other immune antigens, making them invisible to cytotoxic T cells and therefore inaccessible to tumor antigen-directed immunotherapy. Moreover, cancer cell variants that have lost antigen expression frequently contribute to deadly tumor relapses that occur following treatments that had been initially effective. In an effort to destroy antigen-loss cancer cells in tumors, we created a strategy that combines a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected T-cell attack with an engineered local release of the cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12), which recruits and reinforces macrophage function. Cytotoxic T cells were engineered to release inducible IL-12 upon CAR engagement in the tumor lesion, resulting in destruction of antigen-loss cancer cells that would normally escape. Importantly, elimination of the antigen-loss cancer cells was accompanied by an accumulation of activated macrophages that was critical to the antitumor response, because removing the macrophages abolished the response and restoring them reengaged it. Neutralizing TNF-α also abrogated the elimination of antigen-loss cancer cells, implying this proinflammatory factor in the process. Taken together, our results show how IL-12 supplementation by CAR T cells can target otherwise inaccessible tumor lesions, in a manner associated with reduced systemic toxicity, by recruiting and activating innate immune cells for a proinflammatory response. Cancer Res; 71(17); 5697–706. ©2011 AACR.
A Gene Expression Signature from Peripheral Whole Blood for Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rotunno Melissa , Hu Nan , Su Hua , Wang Chaoyu , Goldstein Alisa M. , Bergen Andrew W. , Consonni Dario , Pesatori Angela C. , Bertazzi Pier Alberto , Wacholder Sholom , Shih Joanna , Caporaso Neil E. , Taylor Phil R. , Landi Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAffordable early screening in subjects with high risk of lung cancer has great potential to improve survival from this deadly disease. We measured gene expression from lung tissue and peripheral whole blood (PWB) from adenocarcinoma cases and controls to identify dysregulated lung cancer genes that could be tested in blood to improve identification of at-risk patients in the future. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis was conducted in 153 subjects (73 adenocarcinoma cases, 80 controls) from the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology study using PWB and paired snap-frozen tumor and noninvolved lung tissue samples. Analyses were conducted using unpaired t tests, linear mixed effects, and ANOVA models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was computed to assess the predictive accuracy of the identified biomarkers. We identified 50 dysregulated genes in stage I adenocarcinoma versus control PWB samples (false discovery rate ≤0.1, fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.66). Among them, eight (TGFBR3, RUNX3, TRGC2, TRGV9, TARP, ACP1, VCAN, and TSTA3) differentiated paired tumor versus noninvolved lung tissue samples in stage I cases, suggesting a similar pattern of lung cancer–related changes in PWB and lung tissue. These results were confirmed in two independent gene expression analyses in a blood-based case–control study (n = 212) and a tumor–nontumor paired tissue study (n = 54). The eight genes discriminated patients with lung cancer from healthy controls with high accuracy (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74–0.87). Our finding suggests the use of gene expression from PWB for the identification of early detection markers of lung cancer in the future. Cancer Prev Res; 4(10); 1599–608. ©2011 AACR.
Reaction to the Major Contribution: Training for Skills Competency in Counseling Psychology
Authors: Nutt Roberta L. 
Published: July 2011

The authors of the Major Contribution have developed a complex and elegant three-level training model on which they suggest advanced microskills may be built. Prior to the description of their model, they have built a case that current microskills training has proved foundationally important but insufficient to training needs. They then invite colleagues to evaluate their model for viability and utility. This reaction suggests that the model could be enriched by incorporating survey data regarding how doctoral programs are currently teaching advanced psychotherapy/counseling skills, outcome data from common factors and master therapists’ research, and the APA Competency Benchmarks work. In addition, the contribution contains a detailed, very useful teaching application, and some similarly detailed research suggestions would be helpful to encourage research on the model.
Cost-analysis of XELOX and FOLFOX4 for treatment of colorectal cancer to assist decision-making on reimbursement
Authors: Tse Vicki C , Ng Wai Tong , Lee Victor , Lee Anne WM , Chua Daniel TT , Chau June , McGhee Sarah M 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundXELOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin) and FOLFOX 4 (5-FU + folinic acid + oxaliplatin) have shown similar improvements in survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). A US cost-minimization study found that the two regimens had similar costs from a healthcare provider perspective but XELOX had lower costs than FOLFOX4 from a societal perspective, while a Japanese cost-effectiveness study found XELOX had superior cost-effectiveness. This study compared the costs of XELOX and FOLFOX4 in patients with MCRC recently treated in two oncology departments in Hong Kong.MethodsCost data were collected from the medical records of 60 consecutive patients (30 received XELOX and 30 FOLFOX4) from two hospitals. Drug costs, outpatient visits, hospital days and investigations were recorded and expressed as cost per patient from the healthcare provider perspective. Estimated travel and time costs were included in a societal perspective analysis. All costs were classed as either scheduled (associated with planned chemotherapy and follow-up) or unscheduled (unplanned visits or admissions and associated tests and medicines). Costs were based on government and hospital sources and expressed in US dollars (US$).ResultsXELOX patients received an average of 7.3 chemotherapy cycles (of the 8 planned cycles) and FOLFOX4 patients received 9.2 cycles (of the 12 planned cycles). The scheduled cost per patient per cycle was $2,046 for XELOX and $2,152 for FOLFOX4, while the unscheduled cost was $240 and $421, respectively. Total treatment cost per patient was $16,609 for XELOX and $23,672 for FOLFOX4; the total cost for FOLFOX4 was 37% greater than that of XELOX. The addition of the societal costs increased the total treatment cost per patient to $17,836 for XELOX and $27,455 for FOLFOX4. Sensitivity analyses showed XELOX was still less costly than FOLFOX4 when using full drug regimen costs, incorporating data from a US model with costs and adverse event data from their clinical trial and with the removal of oxaliplatin from both treatment arms. Capecitabine would have to cost around four times its present price in Hong Kong for the total resource cost of treatment with XELOX to equal that of FOLFOX4.ConclusionXELOX costs less than FOLFOX4 for this patient group with MCRC from both the healthcare provider and societal perspectives.
Evaluating RNAlater® as a preservative for using near-infrared spectroscopy to predict Anopheles gambiae age and species
Authors: Sikulu Maggy , Dowell Kayla M , Hugo Leon E , Wirtz Robert A , Michel Kristin , Peiris Kamaranga HS , Moore Sarah , Killeen Gerry F , Dowell Floyd E 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Mosquito age and species identification is a crucial determinant of the efficacy of vector control programmes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has previously been applied successfully to rapidly, non-destructively, and simultaneously determine the age and species of freshly anesthetized African malaria vectors from the Anopheles gambiae s.l. species complex: An. gambiae s. s. and Anopheles arabiensis. However, this has only been achieved on freshly-collected specimens and future applications will require samples to be preserved between field collections and scanning by NIRS. In this study, a sample preservation method (RNAlater
®) was evaluated for mosquito age and species identification by NIRS against scans of fresh samples.

Methods
Two strains of An. gambiae s.s. (CDC and G3) and two strains of An. arabiensis (Dongola, KGB) were reared in the laboratory while the third strain of An. arabiensis (Ifakara) was reared in a semi-field system. All mosquitoes were scanned when fresh and rescanned after preservation in RNAlater
® for several weeks. Age and species identification was determined using a cross-validation.

Results
The mean accuracy obtained for predicting the age of young (<7 days) or old (≥ 7 days) of all fresh (n = 633) and all preserved (n = 691) mosquito samples using the cross-validation technique was 83% and 90%, respectively. For species identification, accuracies were 82% for fresh against 80% for RNAlater
® preserved. For both analyses, preserving mosquitoes in RNAlater
® was associated with a highly significant reduction in the likelihood of a misclassification of mosquitoes as young or old using NIRS. Important to note is that the costs for preserving mosquito specimens with RNAlater
® ranges from 3-13 cents per insect depending on the size of the tube used and the number of specimens pooled in one tube.

Conclusion
RNAlater
® can be used to preserve mosquitoes for subsequent scanning and analysis by NIRS to determine their age and species with minimal costs and with accuracy similar to that achieved from fresh insects. Cold storage availability allows samples to be stored longer than a week after field collection. Further study to develop robust calibrations applicable to other strains from diverse ecological settings is recommended.
Giant secreting adrenal myelolipoma in a man: a case report
Authors: Brogna Alfio , Scalisi Giuseppe , Ferrara Rosario , Bucceri Anna M 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign neoplasm that is usually asymptomatic, unilateral and nonsecreting. It develops within the adrenal gland and is composed of mature adipose tissue with elements of the hematopoietic series. We describe the case of what is, to the best of our knowledge, one of the largest secreting adrenal myelolipomas reported in the literature.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old Caucasian man of medium build who had had moderate hypertension for three years presented to our hospital. He had no other significant symptoms. His hypertension was pharmacologically treated. He came to our hospital to undergo abdominal ultrasonography during a clinical checkup. The ultrasound scan showed the presence of a voluminous hyperechoic mass interposed between the spleen and the left kidney. It was reported as a myelolipoma of the left kidney on the basis of its structural characteristics and position. Computed tomography confirmed our diagnosis. All preoperative biochemical tests were normal, with the exception of high serum cortisol, which was being overproduced by the lesion and was probably responsible for the patient's hypertension. He underwent successful surgery, and his postoperative course was uneventful. The pathologic examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma. The patient's blood pressure returned to within the normal range.

Conclusions
The "incidental" discovery of an adrenal mass requires careful diagnostic study to plan adequate therapeutic management. Both of the primary investigations at our disposal, ultrasound and blood tests (adrenal hormones), helped in rendering the diagnosis and allowed us to move toward the most appropriate treatment, taking into account the size of the tumor and its probable hormonal production.
The Factor Structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Population
Authors: Skilbeck Clive , Holm Kieran , Slatyer Mark , Thomas Matthew , Bell Tony 
Published: July 2011

Abstractrimary Objectives:To examine the HADS structure in TBI, using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and investigate the effects of TBI severity, Gender, and Age on factor scores.Methods and Procedures:HADS data from 186 TBI patients in a population study in Tasmania were subjected to EFA. HADS data from a second sample of 185 TBI participants in the same study underwent CFA. One-month follow-up data were used, allowing inclusion of severe TBI patients while still being early post-injury. Factor loadings were used to investigate the effects of demographic and clinical variables at 2 weeks post-injury.Results:While EFA suggested 2-factor (anxiety, depression) and 3-factor (anxiety, psychomotor, depression) structures provided adequate descriptions, CFA strongly supported the 3-factor model. Using this model, significant effects of TBI severity were noted on Psychomotor and Depression scores at 2 weeks post-injury. Males reported significantly fewer symptoms on all 3 factors, as did younger participants.Conclusions:CFA indicates that a 3-factor model provides the best fit for HADS data in TBI. One factor, Psychomotor, has been relatively neglected in the literature, and the current findings suggest its assessment and rehabilitation should receive more attention.
Apathy After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview of the Current State of Play
Authors: Lane-Brown Amanda T. , Tate Robyn L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractApathy is a decrease in behavioural, cognitive and emotional components of goal-directed behaviour. Clinically, it is characterised by diminished initiation, reduced concern, and decreased activity. Apathy is a common occurrence following traumatic brain injury (TBI), occurring in around 60% of people. Consequences are widespread, negatively impacting independence, social integration, rehabilitation outcome, vocational outcome, coping and caregiver burden. The current knowledge base on apathy following TBI is presented, with implications for clinical practice. This includes a review of clinical presentations, neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates associated with apathy, and differential diagnoses. Instruments to measure apathy are presented, highlighting those with demonstrated reliability and validity for the TBI population. Current evidence for pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment is described, with a model for non-pharmacological interventions provided and discussion of challenges faced by clinicians when treating the patient with apathy. In the TBI arena, greater understanding of apathy and methods of treatment is pivotal given the frequency of occurrence and widespread negative consequences.
An Exploration of the Juristic Consensus (ijm??) on Compulsion in the Marriages of Minors
Authors: Baugh Carolyn 
Published: July 2011

In the Hanbal? fiqh manual the Mughn?, Ibn Qud?mah (d. 620/1223) claims consensus (ijm?’) of the scholars of Islamic Law regarding a father’s ability to compel his prepubescent daughter to marry against her will, provided it is to a suitable match. This paper explores Ibn Qud?mah’s claim by investigating the contours of consensus- writing on child marriage. It looks first to the primary transmitter of early consensus (Ibn al-Mundhir, d. 318/930)—who is cited as a source of consensus throughout al-Mughn?—then at three other writers who focused on Ijm?’ (al-Marwaz? (294/906), al-?a??w? (321/933), and Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr (463/1070).
This discussion explores the relationship between early claims of consensus and the proof texts upon which they relied. The paper highlights the influence on this topic of al-Sh?fi’?, whose arguments in support of compulsion of female minors in the Umm changed the discussion irrevocably. Finally, it illustrates how, unlike the Sh?fi‘?s, early M?lik? and ?anaf? texts did not rely upon the unit tradition regarding ‘?’ishah’s marriage to the Prophet. When jurists began relying upon the report of ‘?’ishah as a proof text for this issue, its veracity itself became a topic of consensus. In the hands of Ibn ?azm (465/1072), and with that report as his basis, child marriage shifted from an issue applying equally to both children to an issue pertaining only to girls. The larger juristic culture seems to have followed his lead, as child marriage for boys became radically under-discussed in the later legal texts, including the famed manual al-Mughn?.
Above all, this paper exposes the concept of Ijm?’ as a “lowest common denominator” of agreement on this topic. Extracting an ijm?’ic claim from its context of debate and discussion deprives the inquiring scholar of any sense of the ripples of conflict and controversy emanating from it. In these early texts, we find there was no consensus with regard to what grants agency to females (pubescence or sexual experience); no consensus on the meaning of “suitability” in marriage (a condition for the permissibility of a father’s force); no consensus on at what point a female child can tolerate sexual activity; and, of extreme importance from the legal standpoint, there was no consensus with regard to how the prepubescent is to be maintained if she is not yet able to tolerate sexual activity. Because the marriage contract predicates maintenance upon sexual availability, this point causes a crisis in the jurists’ definition of marriage.
Rectangular table negotiation problem revisited
Authors: Froncek Dalibor , Kubesa Michael 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We solve the last missing case of a “two delegation negotiation” version of the Oberwolfach problem, which can be stated as follows. Suppose we have two negotiating delegations with n=mk members each and we have a seating arrangement such that every day the negotiators sit at m tables with k people of the same delegation at one side of each table. Every person can effectively communicate just with three nearest persons across the table. Our goal is to guarantee that over the course of several days, every member of each delegation can communicate with every member of the other delegation exactly once. We denote by H(k, 3) the graph describing the communication at one table and by mH(k, 3) the graph consisting of m disjoint copies of H(k, 3).
We completely characterize all complete bipartite graphs K
n,n that can be factorized into factors isomorphic to G =mH(k, 3) for k ≡ 2 (mod 4) by showing that the necessary conditions n=mk and m ≡ 0 mod(3k−2)/4 are also sufficient. This results complement previous characterizations for k ≡ 0, 1, 3 (mod 4) to settle the problem in full.