bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved microRNAs miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 targeting chitin biosynthesis to regulate the molting process of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Ren Qian-Qian , Long Gui-Yun , Yang Hong , Zhou Cao , Yang Xi-Bin , Yan Yi , Yan Xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molting is a key solution to growth restriction in insects. The periodic synthesis and degradation of chitin, one of the major components of the insect epidermis, is necessary for insect growth. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been implicated in molting regulation, yet their involvement in the interplay interaction between the chitin synthesis pathway and 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling remains poorly understood. In this study, soluble trehalase (Tre1) and phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) were identified as targets of conserved miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3, respectively. The expression profiles of miR-8-3p-SfTre1 and miR-2a-3-SfPAGM exhibited an opposite pattern during the different developmental stages, indicating a negative regulatory relationship between them. This relationship was confirmed by an in vitro dual-luciferase reporter system. Overexpression of miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of their respective target genes and increased mortality, leading to death in the pre-molting, and molting death phenomena. They also caused a decrease in chitin content and expression levels of key genes in the chitin synthesis pathway (SfTre1, SfTre2, SfHK, SfG6PI, SfGFAT, SfGNA, SfPAGM, SfUAP, SfCHS1, SfCHS1a, and SfCHS1b). Conversely, the injection of miRNA inhibitors resulted in the upregulation of the expression levels of these genes. Following 20E treatment, the expression levels of miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 decreased significantly, while their corresponding target genes increased significantly. These results indicate that miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 play a regulatory role in the molting of Sogatella furcifera by targeting SfTre1 and SfPAGM, respectively. These findings provide new potential targets for the development of subsequent new control strategies.
Differences in tumor-associated T-cell receptor repertoires between early-onset and average-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Tsai Ya-Yu , Nair Kanika G , Barot Shimoli V , Xiang Shao , Kamath Suneel , Melas Marilena , Walker Christopher P , Srivastava Raghvendra M , Osborne Nicole , Chan Timothy A , Mitchem Jonathan B , Bonner Joseph D , McDonnell Kevin J , Idos Gregory E , Sanz-Pamplona Rebeca , Greenson Joel K , Rennert Hedy S , Rennert Gad , Moreno Victor , Gruber Stephen B , Khorana Alok A , Liska David , Schmit Stephanie L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals younger than age 50 (early-onset CRC [EOCRC]) has substantially increased, and yet the etiology and molecular mechanisms underlying this alarming rise remain unclear. We compared tumor-associated T-cell repertoires between EOCRC and average-onset CRC (AOCRC) to uncover potentially unique immune microenvironment-related features by age of onset. Our discovery cohort included 242 patients who underwent surgical resection at Cleveland Clinic from 2000 to 2020. EOCRC was defined as younger than age 50 years at diagnosis (N = 126) and AOCRC as 60 years of age or older (N = 116). T-cell receptor (TCR) abundance and clonality were measured by immunosequencing of tumors. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between TCR repertoire features and age of onset, adjusting for sex, race, tumor location, and stage. Findings were replicated in 152 EOCRC and 1984 AOCRC cases from the Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Study. EOCRC tumors had significantly higher TCR diversity compared with AOCRC tumors in the discovery cohort (odds ratio [OR] = 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 to 0.61, P &lt; .0001). This association was also observed in the replication cohort (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.89, P = .0013). No significant differences in TCR abundance were observed between EOCRC and AOCRC in either cohort. Higher TCR diversity, suggesting a more diverse intratumoral T-cell response, is more frequently observed in EOCRC than AOCRC. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of T-cell diversity and the adaptive immune response more broadly in the etiology and outcomes of EOCRC.
Psychometric adaptation of the Spanish version of the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in adolescents
Authors: Sancho-Domingo Clara , Carballo José Luis , Coloma-Carmona Ainhoa , Buysse Daniel J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Good sleep quality is essential for adolescent health, yet sleep difficulties persist in this age group. The 6-item Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) was recently developed to improve sleep quality assessment, however, its validity in adolescents remains unexplored. This study examined the B-PSQI’s psychometric properties in Spanish adolescents and adapted the scoring method to age-specific sleep recommendations.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 1,065 adolescents (15–17 years; 56.8% female) was conducted in public high schools. Sleep quality was measured using the B-PSQI, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the short Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Additionally, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. Reliability, validity, and measurement invariance were analyzed.

Results
The B-PSQI global scores were 4.5 (SD = 1.9) for the original scoring method and 5.4 (SD = 2.8) for the age-adjusted. The age-adjusted B-PSQI showed satisfactory reliability (ω = 0.84) and concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity (ISI rS = 0.67; PROMIS rS = 0.71; anxiety rS = 0.40; depression rS = 0.42; ESS rS = 0.29). Adequacy for one-factor structure (χ2(4) = 53.9; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.92; RMSEA = 0.108; SRMR = 0.05) and invariance across sexes were supported. Both B-PSQI scoring methods showed similar psychometric properties, but the original yielded a higher percentage of poor sleepers (43.1%; cutoff ≥5) than the age-adjusted version (41.9%; cutoff ≥6).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that the B-PSQI is a valid and reliable measure to assess adolescent sleep quality. Its scoring can be adjusted to provide age-specific criteria for good sleep. The B-PSQI has potential utility for screening sleep problems and facilitating overall health promotion in adolescents.
Root hairs: an underexplored target for sustainable cereal crop production
Authors: Tsang Ian , Atkinson Jonathan A , Rawsthorne Stephen , Cockram James , Leigh Fiona 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
To meet the demands of a rising human population, plant breeders will need to develop improved crop varieties that maximize yield in the face of increasing pressure on crop production. Historically, the optimization of crop root architecture has represented a challenging breeding target due to the inaccessibility of the root systems. Root hairs, single cell projections from the root epidermis, are perhaps the most overlooked component of root architecture traits. Root hairs play a central role in facilitating water, nutrient uptake, and soil cohesion. Current root hair architectures may be suboptimal under future agricultural production regimes, coupled with an increasingly variable climate. Here, we review the genetic control of root hair development in the world’s three most important crops—rice, maize, and wheat—and highlight conservation of gene function between monocots and the model dicot species Arabidopsis. Advances in genomic techniques including gene editing combined with traditional plant breeding methods have the potential to overcome many inherent issues associated with the design of improved root hair architectures. Ultimately, this will enable detailed characterization of the effects of contrasting root hair morphology strategies on crop yield and resilience, and the development of new varieties better adapted to deliver future food security.
The Saint Petersburg Oliver Bible: Concerning the Ownership and Use of an Early Family Bible (1478) in Kent in 1479–1529
Authors: Galtsin Dmitry , Pitulko Galina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article studies a Latin bible printed in Nürnberg by Anton Koberger in 1478 and now stored in the Rare Book Department of the Russian Academy of Science Library (Biblioteka Akademii Nauk - BAN). This copy, which was part of Nikolai Likhachev’s book collection, had been owned in the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries by the Oliver Lorncourt family of Kentish gentry, as numerous handwritten notes on its pages testify. These marginalia were written by two Oliver Lorncourts in 1479-1529 and represent a valuable source on the history of the vast Oliver Lorncourt-Olivier de Leuville clan, especially its lesser known Kentish branch. The contents of Oliver Bible marginalia are analysed with other characteristics of this incunabulum, and the text of the marginalia in given in an appendix.
Trio of super-Earth candidates orbiting K-dwarf HD 48948: a new habitable zone candidate
Authors: Dalal S , Rescigno F , Cretignier M , Anna John A , Majidi F Z , Malavolta L , Mortier A , Pinamonti M , Buchhave L A , Haywood R D , Sozzetti A , Dumusque X , Lienhard F , Rice K , Vanderburg A , Lakeland B , Bonomo A S , Cameron A Collier , Damasso M , Affer L , Boschin W , Cooke B , Cosentino R , Fabrizio L Di , Ghedina A , Harutyunyan A , Latham D W , López-Morales M , Lovis C , Fiorenzano A F Martínez , Mayor M , Nicholson B , Pepe F , Stalport M , Udry S , Watson C A , Wilson T G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of three super-Earth candidates orbiting HD 48948, a bright K-dwarf star with an apparent magnitude of $m_V$ = 8.58 mag. As part of the HARPS-N Rocky Planet Search programme, we collect 189 high-precision radial velocity measurements using the HARPS-N spectrograph from 2013 October 6, to 2023 April 16. Various methodologies are applied to extract the radial velocities from the spectra, and we conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained through these diverse extraction techniques. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ several methods to address stellar variability, with a focus on Gaussian Process regression. To account for the impact of stellar variability and correlated noise in the radial velocity data set, we include activity indicators, such as $\log R^{^{\prime }}_{\mathrm{HK}}$ and bisector span, in the multidimensional Gaussian Process regression. Our analysis reveals three planetary candidates with orbital periods of 7.3, 38, and 151 d, and minimum masses estimated at $4.88 \pm 0.21$ M$_{\oplus }$, $7.27 \pm 0.70$ M$_{\oplus }$, and $10.59 \pm 1.00$ M$_{\oplus }$, respectively. The outermost planet resides within the (temperate) habitable zone, positioned at a projected distance of $0.029\,{\rm arcsec}$ from its star. Given the close proximity of this planetary system, situated at a distance of 16.8 parsecs, HD 48498 emerges as a promising target (closest super-Earth around FGK stars) for future high-contrast direct imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic studies.
Doppler dimming and brightening effects in solar prominences
Authors: Peat Aaron W , Osborne Christopher M J , Heinzel Petr 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We explored the impact that Doppler dimming and brightening effects from bulk motions of solar prominences have on the formation of Ly $~\alpha$, H $~\alpha$, and Mg ii h line profiles. We compared two schemes in which these effects manifest; when the prominence is moving radially away from the solar surface (radial case), and when the prominence is moving parallel to the solar surface (horizontal case). To do this, we analysed 13 332 model profiles generated through the use of the 1D NLTE (i.e. departures from Local Thermodynamic equilibrium) radiative transfer (RT) code promweaver, built on the lightweaver NLTE RT framework to mimic the behaviour and output of the 1D NLTE RT code prom. We found that horizontal velocities are just as, or more important than radial velocities. This demonstrates that horizontal velocities need to be accounted for when attempting to do any sort of forward modelling.
Distinct DNA repair mechanisms prevent formaldehyde toxicity during development, reproduction and aging
Authors: Rieckher Matthias , Gallrein Christian , Alquezar-Artieda Natividad , Bourached-Silva Nour , Vaddavalli Pavana Lakshmi , Mares Devin , Backhaus Maria , Blindauer Timon , Greger Ksenia , Wiesner Eva , Pontel Lucas B , Schumacher Björn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a recognized environmental and metabolic toxin implicated in cancer development and aging. Inherited mutations in the FA-detoxifying enzymes ADH5 and ALDH2 genes lead to FA overload in the severe multisystem AMeD syndrome. FA accumulation causes genome damage including DNA–protein-, inter- and intra-strand crosslinks and oxidative lesions. However, the influence of distinct DNA repair systems on organismal FA resistance remains elusive. We have here investigated the consequence of a range of DNA repair mutants in a model of endogenous FA overload generated by downregulating the orthologs of human ADH5 and ALDH2 in C. elegans. We have focused on the distinct components of nucleotide excision repair (NER) during developmental growth, reproduction and aging. Our results reveal three distinct modes of repair of FA-induced DNA damage: Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) operating NER-independently during developmental growth or through NER during adulthood, and, in concert with global-genome (GG-) NER, in the germline and early embryonic development. Additionally, we show that the Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) factor is involved in the resolution of FA-induced DNA–protein crosslinks, and that the antioxidant and FA quencher N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reverses the sensitivity of detoxification and DNA repair defects during development, suggesting a therapeutic intervention to revert FA-pathogenic consequences.
Roger Penrose’s Impossible Diagrams
Authors: Wright Aaron Sidney 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Penrose diagrams gave new shape to the universes described by General Relativity, and in turn they shaped the development of the field. Penrose diagrams allowed an entire infinite universe to be depicted on a finite sheet of paper. They shaped physicists’ understanding of black holes and relativistic cosmology. This chapter traces Roger Penrose’s development of his novel from unexpected sources including spacetime diagrams, the psychology of perception, in the art of M.C. Escher, and in recreational mathematics. This chapter argues that the same visual experience was created by Penrose’s early “impossible” figures as in his space-time diagrams. The price of these methods was that they could only describe massless, vacuum, universes. Thus, the power of Penrose’s methods—ubiquitous in analyses of radiation and causality in GR—centered the vacuum in relativists’ practice.
“Swimming Poor in a Raging River”
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Butorac Donna , Farrell Emily , Lising Loy , Motaghi-Tabari Shiva , Tetteh Vera Williams 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter sets the scene for this study of the lived experience of migrant language learning. It draws on the metaphor of swimming in a raging river. Adult language learning is difficult because language learning is inextricably linked to the achievement of interactional goals. The chapter also provides the context for the research by presenting a historical overview of migration to Australia, with a special focus on the racialization of English through early national policies, the securitization of migration since 2001, and neoliberal understandings of migration as the transfer of human capital. The chapter furthermore presents the collaborative methodological approach of reusing data from six different sociolinguistic ethnographic research projects undertaken over a period of 20 years.
“Sometimes the White People Get Angry”
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Butorac Donna , Farrell Emily , Lising Loy , Motaghi-Tabari Shiva , Tetteh Vera Williams 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores participants’ experiences of Othering, exclusion, discrimination, and racism. Many participants experienced at one time or another that their right to space in Australia was challenged. These challenges came in the form of selective incivility, micro-aggressions, racist insults, and even physical attacks. The chapter explores the intersection of language and race. Their accents othered all participants, but white-looking participants reported fewer and less serious experiences of Othering and, by and large, saw themselves on a trajectory to inclusion. Participants racialized as African or Asian, by contrast, believed that they would always be embodying difference and that even their native-born children would not be safe from racism. The chapter closes with the participants’ coping strategies.
The Road to Armstrong
Authors: Hempstead Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The growing importance of life insurance to Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century led to dissatisfaction with business practices that limited access to reliable and affordable coverage. Unmet demand and distrust of the big companies increased the popularity of cheaper alternatives such as assessment and fraternal insurance, although they too had shortcomings. At the same time, mounting criticism centered on the financial activities and business practices of big life insurers, fed by the work of investigative journalists. Progressive Era concerns about trusts and corporate greed culminated in 1905 with the Armstrong investigation in New York, a watershed moment in legislative oversight and business regulation that has few equals. The Armstrong investigation resulted in significant new state regulation of life insurance in New York and many other states.
Accidents and Mishaps
Authors: Hempstead Katherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the development of casualty insurance and workers’ compensation. An early form of casualty insurance was travel insurance, which became available in the United States in the 1860s. The coverage soon broadened to cover all accidents and injuries causing disability. Accident insurers began to sell employers’ liability coverage as workplace injuries increased. Problems with this market led to the development of workers’ compensation in the early twentieth century. Workers’ compensation laws rolled out in different forms across states over nearly four decades. Progressive reformers hoped that workers’ compensation would be the basis for a broader set of social insurance programs, yet in the postwar period the country embraced a probusiness type of “Americanism” in which state insurance was viewed as a stepping stone to socialism. The provision of voluntary benefits to employees—welfare capitalism—began to emerge as the uniquely American solution to the unmet needs of workers.
Personalist Rule and Regime Continuity in Central Asia
Authors: Anceschi Luca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks comparatively at the evolution of personalist rule in four political systems located in Central Asia: Kazakhstan under Nursultan Nazarbayev; Tajikistan under Emomali Rahmon; Turkmenistan under Niyazov/Berdimuhamedov; and Uzbekistan under Islam Karimov and his successor, Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The chapter outlines the commonalities that defined the processes of political personalization completed in the region throughout the post-Soviet era, highlighting a series of distinctive traits that set Central Asian personalism apart from analogous political regimes in power across the former Soviet Union and beyond. Here, particular attention is devoted to the study of the different modalities of post-personalist transition that surfaced in the region, looking in turn at the three models that ensured regime durability beyond the sudden deaths of personalist leaders or, alternatively, instigated dynamics of managed (Kazakhstan) or dynastic (Turkmenistan) succession in the countries in question.
On ‘New’ and ‘Old’ Personal Rule
Authors: Baturo Alexander , Anceschi Luca , Cavatorta Francesco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the key findings in the volume and addresses three questions regarding personalism and personalist regimes. The first, and the main, question is what we can conclude in terms of differences between the personalism of old, during the Cold War, and the contemporary forms of personalism. Briefly, drawing from the discussion in the contributing chapters, we conclude that contemporary personalist rule tends to be characterized by the absence of a personality cult, and that contemporary leaders are also more savvy about mass communication methods and are good at pretending to be men of the people; they are also more adaptable in terms of ideology; and they are less likely to initiate dynastic succession than their peers did during the Cold War. Second, we reappraise the continuing value of relying on in-depth case study research for a better understanding of the murky world of personalistic politics. Third, given that personalization often implies deinstitutionalization, we ask whether leaders can attain true one-man rulership without institutions. While personalism without institutions, or with very weak institutions, is theoretically and even practically possible, it incurs severe governance problems. Furthermore, institutions matter even under personalism, and even dormant institutions may thwart personalist rule.
Three Ethical Perspectives in American Choice of Law
Authors: Brilmayer Lea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In American law, choice of law has not generally been analysed in explicitly normative terms; and so constructing a normative analysis of the subject requires starting out at ground level. This essay argues that one reason that normative thought in conflict of laws is underdeveloped and backwards is that scholars with entirely different perspectives on what counts as a normative relationship have not communicated with one another about their different orientations and objectives. It identifies three different perspectives that might be used to build a normative theory of conflict of laws: the fairness perspective, the interest perspective, and the statist perspective. The fairness perspective focuses on the relationship between the individual and a state of which she is not a citizen, on the theory that she only has a duty to support her own government. The interest perspective focuses on the relationship between an individual and her own state. The gravamen of a violation is a failure to provide some affirmative benefit that the citizen claims to be entitled to. The statist perspective reflects principles somewhat analogous to those of public international law; the relevant relationship is that of one state with another. This normative perspective most nearly resembles First Restatement vested rights analysis. The scholars who come at normative theory from different directions are unlikely to make much progress in their interactions until they recognize that they are, in effect, speaking different languages.