bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antagonism of the Antibacterial Action of Mercury Compounds: Part I. The Antibacterial Activity of Mercuric Chloride
Authors: Cook A M , Steel K J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
E. coli I was the most resistant of nine organisms tested to the bacteriostatic action of mercuric chloride. Incubation of peptone water or Lemco broth containing high concentrations of mercuric chloride produced a greyish-black sediment. The inclusion of dextrose in the medium increased the amount of mercuric chloride necessary for bacter-iostasis. The bacteriostatic values of the liquid and solid dilution methods differed, and the results of the liquid dilution method could be varied by alteration of the experimental technique. The bacteriostatic activity of mercuric chloride was greater at 37° than at 20°. The presence of culture medium has a protecting action on the organisms. Mercuric chloride prolongs the lag phase of E. coli I but its mechanism has not been investigated.
The Preparation and Pharmacology of Some Phenolic Carbamates and Allophanates
Authors: Barnes J H , Chapman Marguerite V A , McCrea P A , Marshall P G , Walsh Pamela A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of alkyl-substituted phenyl carbamates has been screened for analgesic activity by two methods and the ED50 of a representative number has been determined by one of them. An attempt has been made to correlate the analgesic activity with chemical constitution and the following points emerge: (i) at least one m-alkyl group is essential for significant activity, (ii) where only one substituent is present, maximal activity occurs when this is ethyl, (iii) two o-substituents abolish the activity, (iv) 2,4,5-trimethylphenyl carbamate (compound 686) possesses the highest activity, (v) the most active compounds are in general also the most toxic, compound 688 being a notable exception, (vi) o-substitution by a group larger than methyl tends to reduce activity, (vii) substitution on the carbamate N, except by hydroxyl, strongly reduces the activity. The toxicity of some of the compounds could not be attributed to their anticholinesterase activity.
The Relation Between Chemical Structure and Uncoupling Activity in Congeners of Salicylate
Authors: Brostoff D V , Moses V , Smith M J H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The relation between chemical structure and uncoupling activity in congeners of salicylate has been studied by means of their effects on the oxygen consumption of a suspension of baker's yeast utilising a limited quantity of glucose. Salicylic acid, salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, salicylamide, 3-methylsalicylic and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acids were found to show uncoupling activity.
The Formation of Histamine in the Rat
Authors: Telford J M , West G B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Factors affecting the determination of histidine decarboxylase activity in adult rat tissues have been studied. The optimal conditions vary from tissue to tissue, and the most potent sources of the enzyme are the pyloric part of the stomach, the liver and the duodenum, with less in the kidney. There is no relationship between the histidine decarboxylase activity of a rat tissue and the amount of histamine it contains.
Polyhydroxy (Catecholic) Phenolic Acids—-Studies of their Metabolism in Man
Authors: Tompsett S L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The urinary excretion of glycine and glutamine conjugates has been studied after the oral ingestion of some phenolic acids. The stability of such conjugates and also of the parent substances to various forms of acid hydrolysis has been made. Further observations on the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- and m-hydroxyphenolic acids present in human urine have been made.
Notes on the Origin and Significance of the Peroxide Value of Anhydrous Lanolin
Authors: Clark E W , Kitchen G F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Wool fat on the fleece has a high peroxide value because of autoxidation, this value falls greatly during washing of the wool and grease-recovery as a result of biological or chemical reduction. It increases again if anhydrous lanolin refined from this grease is bleached by oxidation. Peroxide values are useful as a measure of autoxidation only if values of the surface and lower layers are compared.
The Pharmacognosy of the Root of Rauwolfia Ligustrina Roem. and Schult
Authors: Adderson J E , Evans W C , Trease G E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The morphological and anatomical characters of Rauwolfia ligustrina roots are described and compared with those of other Rauwolfia species. The characters of the stem, particularly in so far as they concern its detection when mixed with root, are recorded. Analytical studies on individual plants indicate that reserpine is confined almost entirely to the root-bark, the concentration rapidly decreasing towards the crown and becoming negligible in the stems. Samples of root from different localities may vary greatly in reserpine content.
A New Analeptic: 5,5-Diethyl-1,3-Oxazin-2,4-Dione (Dioxone): I. Toxicity and Convulsant Activity
Authors: Maffii G , Dezulian V M , Silvestrini B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Dioxone (5,5-diethyl-1,3-oxaziti-2,4-dione) is a new substance possessing convulsant properties qualitatively similar to leptazol and bemegride. Its convulsant properties have been studied quantitatively in mice and rats. By comparison with the other two analeptics, dioxone shows the highest ratio of lethal to convulsive doses. Dioxone is active orally in mice, rats and dogs. Experiments on spinal cats and rabbits have shown that it does not act on the spinal cord. In the decerebrated animals its effects appear limited and inconsistent. It has a relatively low toxicity, is well tolerated by rats and dogs when administered for up to 6 months either subcutaneously or orally.
The Antitussive Activity of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and its Derivatives
Authors: Anderson Doreen M , Smith W G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The antitussive activity of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid has been investigated using chemical stimulation in the unanaesthetised guinea-pig and electrical stimulation in the lightly anaesthetised cat. Derivatives of glycyrrhetinic acid were active in both types of experiment indicating a central antitussive effect. Several derivatives had approximately the same potency as codeine when given subcutaneously to guinea-pigs; one of these, dicholine glycyrrhetinic acid hydrogen succinate, exhibited the same degree of activity after oral administration
A Note on the Antidiuretic Effect of Small Amounts of Isoprenaline in Rats
Authors: Farmer J B , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Small subcutaneous amounts of isoprenaline, 0.5–1.0 μg./100 g. weight, caused reduction in the rates of excretion of sodium, potassium and water, both in sham operated and in adrenalectomised rats, and also in unoperated rats in the presence and absence of mannitol diuresis. These effects of isoprenaline were attributed to enhanced reabsorption of sodium and water in the proximal tubules
The Biological Assay of Thyroactive Materials by the Goitre Prevention Technique
Authors: Wiberg G S , Stephenson N R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The goitre prevention technique was employed to measure the biological activity of synthetic and natural thyroproteins as well as L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine. These studies indicated that L-thyroxine could not be used as a reference standard for natural thyroid preparations since the log dose response lines were not parallel. However, L-thyroxine was a suitable reference standard for the biological assay of the synthetic iodinated proteins
Antitrichomonal Agents Triazen Derivatives
Authors: Strube R E , Michaels R M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Six new triazens have been synthesised. One of these compounds, 3-(2′-diethylaminoethyl)-3-ethyl-1-(p-nitrophenyl)-triazen was active in mice against Trichomonas vaginalis but inactive against Trichomonas foetus
Micelle Formation by Lecithin in Some Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Elworthy P H , McIntosh D S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Lecithin has been studied in methanol, ethanol, butanol, and hexanol using light scattering and viscosity techniques. A new type of light scattering cell was employed. Micelles were present in all solvents, the micellar weights being 2,300; 7,100; 18,000, and 22,000 in the four alcohols respectively. It appeared that as the polarity of the solvent decreased, the micellar size increased. Dissymmetry measurements showed that no dimension of the micelles exceeded 270Å (λ/20), but high observed depolarisations showed that the particles were anisotropic. Viscosity measurements also gave an idea of the shape of the micelles, giving intercepts of plots of specific viscosity/solute volume fraction against solute volume fraction of 4.29, 4.26, 4.26, and 3.56 for the four alcohols respectively. Using the dimensions of the lecithin molecule, and the number of monomers present in the micelle, calculations of the theoretical viscosity intercept have been made for each solvent, and compared with values obtained experimentally
Analgesic Action of Chlorpromazine and Reserpine in Relation to that of Morphine
Authors: Leme J Garcia , Silva M Rocha e 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An analgesic action of reserpine is reported in mice. This effect, detected by the hot-plate method, is of little, or only of moderate intensity, in the first 2 hr. after injection; maximal intensity is obtained 48–72 hr. after the injection of the drug, and then decreases gradually; after 144 hr. injected animals behave again like controls. The analgesic effect of reserpine seems to differ from that shown by morphine or that shown by chlorpromazine which is quicker in onset and disappears in a few hours. Reserpine potentiates the analgesic action of morphine. This potentiation can be observed 2 hr. after the injection of reserpine. The early potentiating period is followed by a later period of summation of effects. Since a short interval after the injection, reserpine does not exert any analgesic effect, but is able to potentiate morphine analgesia, this action has been regarded as a direct one; the later period of analgesia and summation of effects with morphine has been interpreted as an indirect action of the drug
The Response of the Pig Uterus to Oxytocin at Different Stages in the Oestrus Cycle
Authors: Knifton A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Knaus (1926) showed that the uterus of the pregnant rabbit was insensitive to doses of Pituitrin which were sufficient to elicit large contractions in the non-pregnant state. This effect was later shown to be due to the influence of progesterone. But this difference in response between pregnant and non-pregnant uteri did not hold for some other species; thus in the rat and guinea-pig, the uterus responds to posterior pituitary extract (Pituitrin) in the gravid and non-gravid state. The evidence is reviewed by Reynolds (1949).
Adams (1940) tentatively suggested that in the sow, progesterone increases the sensitivity of the myometrium to posterior pituitary extract (Pituitrin). The present investigation was carried out in order to examine further this apparent anomaly.
Local Anaesthetic Activity in Diethylaminoacetyl Derivatives of Substituted Benzylamines
Authors: Collins R F , Large B J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Six diethylaminoacetyl derivatives of general formula (III) are more potent than lignocaine as local anaesthetics. All cause erythema or necrosis of guinea-pig skin on intradermal injection except III, R = NH2, R' = H, and R = O(CH2)2Ph. This compound is several times more potent than lignocaine and in equipotent concentrations did not cause any tissue damage to skin on intradermal injection.
The Determination of Calcium in Heavy Magnesium Carbonate using Glyoxal Bis (2-Hydroxyanil)
Authors: Leonard M A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The selective and sensitive colour reaction between calcium ions and glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil) has been applied to the determination of 0·1 to 0·5 per cent of calcium in heavy magnesium carbonate. The method, which is simple and rapid, gives results which compare well with those by flame photometry.
Studies on Datura Leichhardtii Muell. Ex Benth.
Authors: Evans W C , Stevenson N A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The variation in the proportion of hyoscyamine and hyoscine in the aerial parts of Datura leichhardtii has been investigated. From the roots, the alkaloids 7-hydroxy-3, 6-ditigloyloxytropane, 3α-tigloyloxytropane and meteloidine have been isolated.
Sterilisation of Colchicine Injection
Authors: Smith G , Bullivant J M , Cox P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Colchicine solutions for injection can be sterilised by heating at 115° for 30 min., or by heating at 98 to 100° for 30 min. in the presence of phenylmercuric nitrate 0·002 per cent, or by filtration. Solutions in multi-dose containers may be prepared using phenol 0·5 per cent, phenyhnercuric nitrate 0·001 per cent, or benzyl alcohol 1 per cent as bactericide. Sterilised solutions are stable for at least six months if protected from light.
The Instrumentation of a Rotary Tablet Machine
Authors: Shotton E , Deer J J , Ganderton D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A rotary tablet machine has been instrumented to measure the forces operating during the compression cycle. A radio link was used to transmit to a recording unit the effect of pressure on strain gauges attached to the punches. Sodium chloride and aspirin were compressed at various pressures and the results compared, using strength and porosity data, with tablets of the same materials prepared on an eccentric machine.
Chemical Studies of the Leaves and Inflorescences of Digitalis Purpurea L. and of Allied Species
Authors: Cowley P S , Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The total glycoside content and the nature of the individual glycosides in the leaves and inflorescences of Digitalis purpurea, D. lanata, D. lutea, D. thapsi and D. ambigua have been studied. A similarity in the chemical composition of the leaves and inflorescences of each species has been demonstrated. The yield of glycosides from D. purpurea and from D. thapsi would be increased by harvesting the entire aerial parts of the second year plants.
An Experimental Determination of the Inter-Nitrogen Distance in Some Bis-Quaternary Ammonium Ganglionic and Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Authors: Elworthy P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The conductances in water of hexamethonium bromide and iodide, decamethonium bromide and iodide, hexadecamethonium iodide, and decaethonium iodide have been measured. The values of the limiting cationic conductances have been interpreted in terms of molecular shape, and the internitrogen distance for the above compounds calculated, using hydrodynamic relationships. The internitrogen distances found were 6·3 Å for hexamethonium, 9·5 Å for decamethonium, 13·5 Å for hexadecamethonium, and 10·2–13·5 Å for decaethonium. The effect of the hydrocarbon/water interfacial energy on the extended lengths of these molecules is discussed.
On the Relationship between the Effect of Phenol on the Oxygen Uptake and the Viability of Penicillium Notatum Spores
Authors: Chauhan N M , Rivers Stella M , Walters V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
0·05 to 0·2 per cent phenol in Horowitz medium progressively reduces the oxygen uptake of Penicillium notatum spores. 0·08 per cent causes fungistasis and fungicidal action is evident at 0·15 per cent and higher concentrations. Exogenous respiration is less sensitive to phenol than spore germination. Measurement of oxygen uptake can not be used for quantitative evaluation of fungicidal action. The concentration exponent for the effect of phenol on oxygen uptake is −1·5.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Some Derivatives of p-Aminophenylethanolamine
Authors: Teotino U M , Friz L Polo , Steis G , Bella D Della 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Synthesis of a series of N-alkyl derivatives of 2-amino-1-p-aminophenyl-ethanolamine has been described, and the results of pharmacological screening reported. The antagonistic action exhibited at the adrenergic β-receptors by the p-nitro- and p-amino-N-isopropyl derivatives and the outstanding spasmolytic and bronchodilator activity of 1-p-aminophenyl-2-s-butylaminoethanol have been pointed out.
Pressor Effects of Adrenaline, Noradrenaline and Reflex Vasoconstriction Sensitised by Low Concentrations of Ganglion Blocking Drugs
Authors: Mawji Sultan , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In cats, rats and pigeons, concentrations of hexamethonium, tetra-ethylammonium and pentolinium ions too low to influence transmission in autonomic ganglia potentiate the pressor effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline and of reflex vasoconstriction. These effects of the ganglion blocking drugs are not modified by spinalization or by acute adrenalectomy but are absent after pretreatment of an animal with reserpine or of a tissue by postganglionic sympathetic denervation. These concentrations of ganglion blocking drug increase the uptake of noradrenaline by the adrenal medulla, increase the total amine and the proportion of it present as adrenaline in this gland, fail to antagonise adrenal medullary depletion of catecholamine by reserpine and can reverse a pre-existing potentiation of the pressor effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline induced by cocaine.
in vitro and in vivo Properties of Aloxiprin: A New Aluminium Derivative of Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Cummings A J , Martin B K , Wiggins L F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The rates of solution of aspirin from aloxiprin, an aluminium derivative of acetylsalicyclic acid, in buffer solutions of pH 2–8 were found to be lower than those of aspirin B.P., particularly in the more acid buffers.
The excretion of salicylate in the urine of 11 human subjects who received aloxiprin was more delayed than that from a corresponding dose of aspirin B.P. Little difference was found in the total amount of salicylate excreted in 24 hr.
Substituted Dithiocarbamates and Related Compounds as Trichomonacides
Authors: Michaels R M , Peterson L J , Stahl G L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid and related compounds have been examined against Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas foetus in vitro and in vivo in the mouse and the rat. The most active compound in vitro, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, caused a 90 per cent inhibition of growth of T. vaginalis and T. foetus at 0·07 μg./ml. The in vitro activity of the other compounds ranged from 0·17–1·5 μg./ml. There was no direct correlation of in vitro and in vivo activity. In the assay in mice, sodium 4-morpholinecarbodithioate was the most active compound against T. vaginalis. The CD 50 was 3·9 mg./kg. This compound would not cure rats infected intravaginally with T. vaginalis. In vitro there was an area of non-response in the dose-response curve of T. vaginalis to sodium 4-morpholinecarbodithioate and piperidine 1-piperidinecarbodithioate. When mice were infected with T. vaginalis, the infections were completely susceptible to treatment with low doses of sodium 1- pyrrolidinecarbodithioate and bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) sulphide, but not higher doses. Both of these phenomena, in vitro and in vivo, may have been due to differences in the solubility of various metal complexes formed by these compounds.
A Note on the Metabolism of o-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)-Benzamide to o-(Carbamoyl)Phenoxyacetic Acid in Man
Authors: Cummings A J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
After the oral administration of o-(2-ethoxyethoxy)benzamide to man, the only metabolic product detected in the urine was o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid.
A Specific Method of Assay of Strong Solutions of Benzalkonium Chloride and Other Quaternary Ammonium Germicides
Authors: Brown E R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method of assay of quaternary ammonium germicides in strong solutions or concentrated solid form is described. It can be used for solutions down to about 1 per cent in content. A known excess of iodide is added to the sample solution and the quaternary ammonium iodide is removed by shaking with chloroform. The excess iodide is titrated by an iodate method. When the chloroform extraction is made from a slightly alkaline solution only quaternary ammonium compounds are measured; if it is made from a slightly acid solution, non-quaternary cationic amine impurities are also included. The difference between assay results obtained from acid and alkaline extractions represents the non-quaternary amine content.
Surface-Active Betaines: N-Alkyl-Nn-Dimethylglycines and Their Critical Micelle Concentrations
Authors: Beckett A H , Woodward R J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of surface-active N-alkyl NN-dimethyl glycines (alkyl betaines) and their hydrochlorides have been prepared. Some physical properties of these compounds have been investigated. The critical micelle concentrations of the betaines have been determined by a surface tension, a refractive index, a dye solubilisation and an iodine method. An explanation of the differences in critical micelle concentrations between these amphoteric surfactants and corresponding anionic and cationic surfactants is proposed.
Phase Equilibria in Some Betaine-Benzaldehyde-Water Systems
Authors: Swarbrick J , Carless J E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The phase equilibrium diagrams for six betaine-benzaldehyde-water systems have been determined at 25°, with particular reference to those phases in which future oxidation studies are to be carried out. A progressive increase in the amount of benzaldehyde solubilised in aqueous betaine solutions was found on increasing the betaine chain length from 8 to 11 carbon atoms. Further increase in the betaine chain length from 12 to 16 carbon atoms brought about a progressive decrease in benzaldehyde solubility. These results are discussed in the light of the phases separating at these solubility limits.
The Effects of Guanethidine on the Noradrenaline Content of the Hypothalamus in the Cat and Rat
Authors: Dagirmanjian R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Single injections of guanethidine 15 mg./kg. i.p. did not lower the hypothalamic noradrenaline in cats, but, daily injections of 15 mg./kg. s.c. over a 7 day period consistently produced a decrease in the hypothalamic noradrenaline. Attempts to lower the hypothalamic noradrenaline in rats after single injections or daily injections of guanethidine were unsuccessful.
Some Physico-Chemical Studies of Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Sols
Authors: Robins D C , Thomas I L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The solubilities of lysophosphatidylethanolamine in some organic solvents have been determined. Surface tension measurements of aqueous sols showed it to have pronounced surface-active properties. There was a surface ageing effect which was followed by a rise in the surface tension. Possible explanations for these effects are given. The effects of concentration, pH, mono- and divalent salts on the surface activity have been investigated. The critical micelle concentration was in the range 0·001 to 0·002 per cent w/v. The isoelectric point was at pH 3·25. The stability of sols of the phosphatide in the presence of mono- and divalent salts has also been examined.
A Direct Titrimetric Method for the Determination of Some Organic Bases in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Johnson C A , King R E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A rapid titrimetric method using an extractive end-point has been developed for the determination of atropine, codeine, methadone and pethidine in pharmaceutical preparations. Chloroform is added to the organic base dissolved in pH 2·8 buffer solution so that the ratio of chloroform to aqueous phase lies between 2 to 1 and 4 to 1. Titration is carried out with sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate using Dimethyl Yellow screened with Oracet Blue B as indicator; at the end-point the chloroform phase changes colour from green to pink. The method is accurate to ± 1 per cent and has been applied to a number of injection, eye-drop, syrup and tablet preparations. Since little sample-preparation is required, most preparations may be assayed within 10 min., whilst the codeine content of complex compound tablets can be determined in 20 min.