bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Design Criteria – Evaluating Mooring Design Integrity and Establishing Threshold Limits for Offshore Floating Structures Post-Tropical Storm PABUK
Authors: Tong W. J. , Hashim M. H. , Rahman A. R. , Mahasan S. , Taib H. , Rahman A. , Shahib N. S. , Abdullah M. N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This technical paper assesses the mooring integrity of a floating structure unit in offshore Peninsular Malaysia post-Tropical Storm PABUK. The study focuses on a Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) unit, experiencing significant forces during the storm, which recorded the highest wave height and wind speed in the region. Using industry software, the paper reviews design criteria for station-keeping analysis under intact and damage conditions during the 100-year return period. Initial analysis reveals criteria were below recent data recorded for PABUK. Sensitivity analysis studies incrementally increased environmental load cases in all directions of attacking waves and winds. Mooring line strength capacity was evaluated against Abnormal (ALS) criteria, considering survival from significant wave heights of 5m to 9m, equivalent to over a 10,000-year return period. Results indicate mooring lines could perform above design values, surviving the storm without failure. The study establishes a threshold capacity for surviving future storm events and introduces a corresponding integrity alert level for the floating structure unit. The paper highlights the novelty of determining the threshold limit for a floating structure unit, enabling data-driven decision-making for operators. Successful mitigation during the storm is attributed to a measurement system providing real-time storm characteristics for emergency response. The paper explores the historical context of tropical storms in the South China Sea, focusing on Tropical Storm PABUK's impact on PETRONAS operational waters. It discusses the development stages of tropical storms, their geographical distribution, and analyzes real-time metocean observations during PABUK's passage. The study emphasizes the importance of weather warnings, forecast accuracy, and risk assessments for enhancing preparedness in the face of tropical storms. The methodology and analysis section details mooring analysis using OrcaFlex software, considering Response Amplitude Operators (RAO) and conducting a time-domain approach. The study evaluates mooring chain tensions, rolling behavior, and excursion offsets, providing a holistic understanding of the challenges posed by tropical storms. In conclusion, the paper contributes valuable insights to offshore engineering, risk management, and weather forecasting. Recommendations include enhanced forecasting, reevaluating offshore structure resilience, continued monitoring, adaptive design strategies, and collaborative research initiatives. The findings aim to inform industries operating in tropical storm-prone regions, fostering resilience, safety, and sustainability.
Corrosion Inhibition for Sour Offshore Oil and Gas Production Facilities
Authors: Ma Zheng , de Itriago Yani C. Araujo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Corrosion is one of the major problems in offshore infrastructure due its exposure to the harsh marine environment characterized for high salinity water, non-stable weather conditions, long exposure to ultraviolet sunlight, presence of bacteria, dissolved oxygen, and carbon dioxide in seawater, etc., that is why the oil and gas industry is constantly looking for preventive and corrective solutions to extend the service life of the facilities and improve safety operation. Most common approaches to prevent corrosion in offshore infrastructure include the use of highly corrosion resistant material and the use of anticorrosive coatings. Inhibitors are also widely used as part of the injection fluids to eliminate the corrosion of infrastructure induced by its interactions with reservoir fluids and chemicals commonly appeared in offshore production.
Two of the most critical types of corrosion in oil and gas upstream are sweet corrosion that is caused by CO2 and sour corrosion that is induced by H2S. For both, most of the research is focused on their corrosion mechanisms, corrosion products, corrosion behavior modeling, and inhibitor performance. A great research effort has been directed toward CO2 corrosion, yet H2S related study is on the rise.
In this study we put together a laboratory workflow to evaluate the potential of corrosion in offshore infrastructure to reduce the risks associated to the presence of corrosion. The proposed workflow is focused on the evaluation and optimization of the selection of the inhibitors for H2S related environments.
The study started with an in-depth literature review to know the state of the art in the topic. An analysis of the finding indicates that most of the inhibitor studies reported are associated to CO2 environment, so we focused the study on inhibitors for H2S systems including types of inhibitors, their pros vs cons, and testing methods to evaluate their performance. Finally, based on our experience a laboratory workflow is proposed to mitigate corrosion in the early stage of production. This work demonstrates the importance of selecting the right laboratory protocol according to the corrosion type to save time and resources making the laboratory evaluation more useful and reliable.
The Piling in Glauconitic Sands (PIGS) JIP: Reducing Geotechnical Uncertainty for U.S. Offshore Wind Development
Authors: Westgate Z. , Rahim A. , Senanayake A. , Pisanò F. , Maldonado C. , Ridgway-Hill A. , Perikleous Y. , De Sordi J. , Roux A. , Andrews E. , Ghasemi P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents insights from the Piling in Glauconitic Sand (PIGS) Joint Industry Project (JIP). Established in 2021, the JIP investigates geotechnical behavior of glauconite sands in relation to pile installation and long-term performance as relevant to offshore wind energy development along the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The JIP comprises five energy developers and is led by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. The scope of work comprises (i) characterization of an onshore glauconite test site in New Jersey and glauconite/glauconitic sands from offshore lease areas, (ii) steel pipe piles driven using hydraulic and vibratory hammers, (iii) and axial tension, axial compression and lateral pile load testing. Novel site investigation methods include the effect of friction reducer geometry on cone penetration testing (CPT) resistance, cyclic CPT including water injection, and sampling of degraded glauconite sand from pile walls. The detailed instrumentation program included accelerometers and strain gauges during driving, grout-embedded sister bar strain gauges during axial compression and tension load testing, and fiber Bragg grating optical sensor measurement during axial compression and lateral load testing. In this paper, we present analysis of the CPT data and pile installation data including soil resistance to driving (SRD) and pile-soil setup during redrives/restrikes, and describe novel in situ sampling and testing of degraded glauconite sand. Degradation experienced by the glauconite sands during pile installation is consistent with observations from other regions including Belgium and is compared to artificial degradation performed in a laboratory setting. The JIP is the first comprehensive field and laboratory test program investigating glauconite sand behavior in the U.S. The data being collected is providing offshore wind developers an opportunity to reduce uncertainty and risk in pile installation and long-term performance, and gain insights into glauconite sand variability and geotechnical behavior across the U.S. Atlantic OCS to aid in future lease area development.
Stability Analysis of Submarine Hydrate-Bearing Slope During Depressurization Production
Authors: Wen Zhiliang , Yang Jin , Sun Ting , Wang Lincong , Ren Laiao , Jia Shu , Xue Rui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
South China Sea hydrate reservoirs, mostly weakly cemented silty sandstones, are prone to landslides during extraction. Prior studies have inadequately considered factors such as dynamic decomposition of hydrates during depressurization, and the impacts on the reservoir's geomechanical properties. In this paper, a coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical mathematical model of hydrate decomposition is proposed, and the dynamic geomechanical response and the effect of hydrate decomposition on seafloor settlement and slope destabilization in the process of depressurization mining are analyzed by combining the strength discount method. The results show that hydrate decomposition is non-uniform due to stratigraphic temperature gradients and gravity. In hydrate depressurization zones, a decrease in pore pressure leads to increased effective stress. Simultaneously, hydrate decomposition reduces the shear modulus of sediments, causing deformation and decreased permeability in the decomposition area. During three years of depressurization mining, the stability coefficient of hydrate-bearing slopes decreased from 1.66 to 1.41, and the maximum settlement increased to 0.864 meters, raising landslide risks. The research results have significant guiding implications for the safe exploitation of hydrate-bearing slopes.
Use of Badges as Achievements to Enhance Online Learning
Authors: Raj B. V. Swaroop , Divya C. 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
Digital badges are electronic symbols used as microcredentials to document achievement or skills mastered such as course completion, professional development participation, or training completion. The use of digital badges is trending upward in higher education. This study was undertaken for digital badge creation and implementation and investigated the effects of a digital badge system, on three aspects of undergraduate learners: levels of intrinsic motivation, participation in online learning, and general attitudes toward digital badges. This study aimed to implement digital badges for online learning by medical undergraduates and evaluate student perception regarding digital badges.

Materials and Methods:
A study was conducted on 150 students of 1st MBBS 2020–2021 batch. WordPress platform was used to design website with additional plugins for registration, discussion forum, and achievement badges. Students were sensitized to digital badge system. Students gained points for posting replies to online discussion, viewing content and clarifying doubts, answering quizzes, and online submission of assignments. Using the points scored, a scale was designed for awarding badges. Student feedback on Likert scale and perception regarding satisfaction, and motivation toward academics by digital badges were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Participants had positive perceptions of the badges, finding them authentic and innovative. The respondents agreed that digital badges helped to set goals and motivated to achieve these goals. Most students who earned digital badges agreed that badges helped increase their confidence in course material (78%), focus on specific learning objectives (65%), look deeper into course competencies (71%), and motivated to attend online classes regularly (83%).

Conclusion:
The digital badges were positively received by students who commented favorably about digital badges in their learning. Digital badges were perceived by students as a positive adjunct to learning and may provide a novel mechanism to enhance online learning.
Comparison of Prevalence of blaNDM-1 Gene among Metallo-Beta Lactamase-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Fermenters and Nonfermenters in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kataria Shaveta , Galhotra Shipra , Kumar Mohit , Thandi Priyanka , Jindal Neerja 
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim:
Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) which open β-lactam ring with help of metal cofactor degrade all the classes of β-lactams except monobactams and are notable for their constant and efﬁcient carbapenemase activity. New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) is type of carbapenemase which is able to inactivate all β-lactams except aztreonam. Combined disk synergy test (CDST) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis are used for the detection of MBL production.

Materials and Methods:
All clinical specimens received in the microbiology department for culture and sensitivity from indoor patients were included in study. Brief history and related data of the patients was being recorded. The direct Gram staining and samples were inoculated on culture media and incubated at 37°C for 18–24 h. Biochemical reactions were performed and the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby–Bauer Disk-Diffusion method and VITEK 2. All the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) which were carbapenem resistant subjected to CDST and Genotypic detection of NDM-1 by PCR was done. The association between categorical variables was explored using the Pearson’s Chi-square test.

Results:
The present study was conducted on 260 GNB isolated from 5307 specimens, 164 were MDR, 68 were carbapenem resistant, and 48 were found to be MBLs (19 were fermenters; 29 were nonfermenters). Thirty-six blaNDM-1 gene was isolated from both MDR fermenters and nonfermenters. The positivity of CDST in detecting blaNDM-1 positive MBLs taking PCR as the gold standard was 75%.

Conclusion:
NDM-1 carrying isolates disseminate quickly even among the organisms of different genera, their presence in high proportion could further threaten the public health and put an end to our current pharmacopoeia.
Association between Uterine Adenomyosis and Infertility: Role of Axonemal Alteration in Apical Endometria
Authors: Khan Khaleque N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Uterine adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory condition and may cause painful symptoms, abnormal uterine bleeding, and/or subfertility/infertility. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium causing enlargement of the uterus as a result of reactive hyperplastic and/or hypertrophic change of the surrounding myometrium. Similar to endometriosis, adenomyosis has a negative impact on female fertility. Abnormal uterotubal sperm transport, tissue inflammation, and the toxic effect of chemical mediators have been proposed as contributing factors. Inflammation-induced damage of the mucosal cilia in the fallopian tube has been reported. Besides other proposed mechanisms, our most recent study with transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that microvilli damage and an axonemal alteration in the apical endometria occur in response to endometrial inflammation. This may be involved in the negative fertility outcome in women with adenomyosis. We present a critical analysis of the literature data concerning the mechanistic basis of infertility in women with adenomyosis and its impact on fertility outcome.
Generation of South Indian Data for Normal Clitoral Dimensions and Anogenital Ratio in Term Neonates
Authors: Priyadarshini K , Padankatti Swathi , Mahadevan Shriraam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Assessment of genitalia is an important part of the neonatal examination. Regional, racial, and ethnic variations in phallic length have been documented. Clitoral dimensions may also show similar variations. Normal values for neonatal clitoral measurements may help the pediatrician/neonatologist to accurately diagnose clitoromegaly and underlying etiology to guide appropriate investigations. Data on clitoral measurements is limited with only one study from India (Kolkata). Hence we aimed in this study to generate south Indian data on neonatal clitoral dimensions, anogenital distance, and anogenital ratio. Two hundred and fifty two hemodynamically stable term female neonates without ambiguous genitalia/vulval masses born in a community hospital. Hospital-based cross-sectional study. 1. To measure clitoral dimensions, anogenital distance, and anogenital ratio in female neonates. 2. To correlate clitoral dimensions, anogenital distance, and ratio with anthropometric measurements, gestational age, and maternal comorbidities.

Methods:
Measurements were recorded using a digital vernier caliper, under strict aseptic precautions with labia majora gently separated and the baby held in a frog-leg position. Clitoral length, width, and anogenital distance were measured and anogenital ratio and clitoral index were calculated.

Results:
In term neonates, the mean ± SD of clitoral length (CL), clitoral width (CW), anogenital ratio (AGR) were 6.34 ± 1.75 mm, 6.39 ± 1.27 mm and 0.39 ± 0.05, respectively. The 3rd and 97th centiles for mean clitoral length were 3.55 and 9.93 mm, for mean clitoral width were 3.37 and 8.35 mm, and for AGR were 0.28 and 0.48, respectively. These clitoral dimensions in south Indian neonates were higher than those from East India (Kolkata), lower than Nigerian babies, and similar to Israeli neonates. Mean CL and CW had no statistical correlation with birth weight, gestational age, head circumference, or length in term neonates. A significant correlation was noted between pregnancy-induced hypertension and mean clitoral width, and between gestational diabetes and AGR.

Conclusion:
Normative values for clitoral dimensions (length and width) and AGR for south Indian term female neonates have been established. 97th centiles of 9.93 mm (CL) and 8.35 mm (CW) and 0.48 mm (AGR) may be used as practical cut-offs to diagnose clitoromegaly and virilization. Clitoral measurements had no statistical correlation with birth weight, gestational age, or anthropometry. Clitoral measurements exhibit ethnic and racial differences, thus emphasizing the importance of regional cut-offs and need for more studies from different parts of India on CL.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia – A Comprehensive Review of Genetic Studies on 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency from India
Authors: Ravichandran Lavanya , Asha Hesarghatta S. , Mathai Sarah , Thomas Nihal , Chapla Aaron 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) comprises a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders impairing adrenal steroidogenesis. Most cases are caused by mutations in theCYP21A2gene resulting in 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency (21-OHD). The genetics of 21-OH CAH is complexed by a highly homologous pseudogeneCYP21A1Pimposing several limitations in the molecular analysis. Therefore, genetic testing is still not a part of routine CAH diagnosis and is mainly dependent on 17-hydroxy progesterone (OHP) measurements. There are very few reports ofCYP21A2gene analysis from India and there is no comprehensive review available on genetic testing and the spectrum ofCYP21A2mutations from the country. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of 21-OHD and the genetic studies onCYP21A2gene reported from India. The results of these studies insist the compelling need for large-scaleCYP21A2genetic testing and newborn screening (NBS) in India. With a high disease prevalence and consanguinity rates, robust and cost-effective genetic testing for 21-OH CAH would enable an accurate diagnosis in routine clinical practice. Whereas establishing affordable genotyping assays even in secondary care or resource-poor settings of the country can identify 90% of the mutations that are pseudogene derived, initiatives on reference laboratories for CAH across the nation with comprehensive genetic testing facilities will be beneficial in those requiring extended analysis ofCYP21A2gene. Further to this, incorporating genetic testing in NBS and carrier screening programmes will enable early diagnosis, better risk assessment and community-based management.
A Systematic Review on Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among School Children and Adolescents in Indian Population
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sanjeevi Ramya Ramasamy , Balasubramanian Karthick , Chahal Aksh , Sharma Abhishek , Sidiq Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObesity has erupted as an epidemic around the world. It has set itself as a fast wave among other prevailing specific clusters of non-communicable diseases. The current study reviews and presents an updated meaningful review of the vast research work performed at schools located in different cities of India. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and PEDro. Studies representing data on obesity and overweight among children in Indian cities were included in the review. A total of 21 articles with 71,466 participants were included in the review for analysis. Obesity developed in childhood and adolescence is greatly associated with heart disease, stroke and cancer (breast and ovarian in women and prostate in men) in the late stage of life. In India, despite being a country with a faster rate of population becoming overweight and obese in urban areas, in contrast, rural areas are still struggling with malnutrition.
Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level and its relation with cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia: A cross-sectional exploratory study in patients at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: George Aishwariya Brigit , Gupta Abhishek , Jain Raka , Sood Mamta , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has considerable relevance in neural growth and differentiation. It has been evaluated as a biomarker for individuals with various psychiatric disorders such as substance-related disorders and psychotic disorders.

OBJECTIVE:
The present study explored differences in the levels of BDNF (in serum) among subjects using cannabis (with and without schizophrenia).

METHODS:
This cross-sectional observational study compared the serum BDNF level in male subjects aged 18–45 years. Four groups of 20 subjects each were included: individuals with tobacco use disorder only, patients having schizophrenia, patients with cannabis use disorder, and finally patients with comorbid cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia.

RESULTS:
The BDNF levels were found to be significantly different across the four groups. The BDNF levels in subjects with concurrent schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder were higher than each of the other three groups (cannabis use disorder, schizophrenia, and tobacco use disorder only).

CONCLUSION:
We find that BDNF may be higher when cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia co-occur, as compared to either of the conditions alone. The findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size and potential confounders.
Is intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging useful for predicting hepatocellular cancer recurrence and invasion of the peritumoral zone after transarterial chemoembolization?
Authors: Zhao Xinyao , Wen Qingqing , Wang Junying , Dou Weiqiang , Zhang Guowei , Shi Hao 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose:We evaluated the potential role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in predicting the therapeutic response and peritumoral invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).Materials and Methods:We enrolled 47 patients previously treated with TACE between January 2018 and December 2021. We evaluated the IVIM-derived metrics [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), D, D*, f] in the TACE-treated, peritumoral, and parenchymal areas of the liver.Results:The ADCtaceand Dtacevalues (1.13 ± 0.22 × 10−3m2/s vs 0.95 ± 0.13 × 10−3mm2/s, 1.28 ± 0.27 × 10−3mm2/s vs 1.07 ± 0.3 × 10−3mm2/s,P< 0.05) were higher in the non-progressing groups than in the progressing groups in the TACE-treated areas. Dptrepresented the D values in the peritumoral area, which can distinguish between the progressive and non-progressive groups with an AUC of 0.73. The Dstdvalues, which represent the D values in the peritumoral area normalized by the D values in the liver parenchyma in the non-progressing groups (1.10 ± 0.14 × 10−3mm2/s), were higher than those of the progressing groups (0.93 ± 0.17 × 10−3mm2/s).Conclusion:The ADCtace, Dtace, Dpt, and Dstdvalues reflect the changes in the microstructure of the progressive and non-progressive groups after TACE treatment, showing robust diagnostic performances in predicting the therapeutic response and peritumoral invasion.