bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Dysfunction in Cats: A Syndrome we Used to Dismiss as ‘Old Age’
Authors: Landsberg Gary M , Denenberg Sagi , Araujo Joseph A 
Published: October 2010

Practical relevance Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a widely accepted diagnosis in dogs, with established treatment options. In cats, however, our understanding of cognitive dysfunction is still being shaped by ongoing research in the field, and limited treatment options are available. Recent clinical studies indicate that old age in the cat is accompanied by increased behavioural signs such as wandering, vocalization and night-time activity that are not attributable to identifiable medical problems. It is essential, therefore, that veterinarians include behavioural well-being in the routine care of senior cats. Patient group While the exact age of onset is not established, studies suggest that age-related behavioural changes consistent with cognitive dysfunction are prevalent in cats as early as 10 years of age and that prevalence increases significantly in older cats. Clinical challenges The diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction requires the identification of geriatric behavioural changes that are not caused by other medical problems, although the two may not be mutually exclusive. Therefore, the practitioner must rely heavily on owner reports and history to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment. The absence of any approved dietary or pharmaceutical interventions for cognitive dysfunction adds a further challenge, although several possibilities exist. Evidence base This article draws on recent research that has produced neuropathological, cognitive and behavioural evidence for cognitive dysfunction in aging cats. As an impetus to further our understanding of this disease and potential treatment options, the authors propose a behavioural checklist that might aid in the clinical diagnosis of feline CDS and discuss treatment options that have proven successful in the canine counterpart of this disease.
Food Allergy in the Cat: A Diagnosis by Elimination
Authors: Bryan Jacqueline , Frank Linda A 
Published: October 2010

Practical relevance Food allergy is recognized as a cause of non-seasonal dermatologic disease and pruritus in cats, though its exact prevalence remains unknown. Feline food allergy can also be associated with gastrointestinal, neurologic, respiratory and behavioral components. Patient group There are no breed, sex or age predispositions for developing food allergy, though there is some evidence that the Siamese and its crosses may be at increased risk. Clinical challenges Food allergy cannot be diagnosed simply on the basis of the distribution of pruritus, and many of the dermatologic reaction patterns observed in affected cats, such as miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex and alopecia, may be seen in cats with flea allergy and atopy; in some cases, cats may have concurrent allergic conditions. The only way to definitively diagnose food allergy is to identify a causative food component through a food elimination trial. However, palatability and client compliance can each be a problem; specifically, many owners are unwilling to perform a provocation challenge, which is required to confirm a suspected food allergy. For cats in which the existence of a food allergy is confirmed, a suitable maintenance diet then needs to be fed for the remainder of the patient's life. Evidence base Recent literature has revealed that there is marked variability in the clinical picture, response to treatment and outcome in food-allergic cats. This article reviews published literature and highlights clinically relevant observations pertinent to feline food allergy.
Nasopharyngeal Trichobezoar Foreign Body in a Cat
Authors: Haynes Kristin J , Anderson Susan E , Laszlo Marika P 
Published: October 2010

Case summary A 5-year-old male neutered indoor cat presented for evaluation and treatment of an acute onset of nasal discharge and open-mouth breathing of 3 days' duration. He had been treated for asthma prior to presentation, but his clinical signs were more consistent with upper airway disease. Thoracic radiographs were suggestive of asthma. However, a soft tissue mass was noted in the nasopharynx on a lateral cervical radiograph. Nasopharyngeal examination revealed the mass to be a trichobezoar (hair ball) lodged in the nasopharynx, removal of which led to resolution of clinical signs. The cat re-presented with a second nasopharyngeal trichobezoar approximately 1 year later, which was also successfully removed. Clinical significance Nasopharyngeal disease has myriad potential infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic etiologies. However, simpler causes such as foreign bodies can be considered in cases of acute-onset nasopharyngeal disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nasopharyngeal trichobezoar foreign body in a cat.
Kinder und Jugendliche – eine zentrale Zielgruppe im BMBF-Förderschwerpunkt Präventionsforschung
Authors: Plaumann Martina , Dubben Svenja , Kliche Thomas , Nöcker Guido , Walter Ulla 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Gesundheitsfördernde und -gefährdende Verhaltensweisen werden in der Kindheit und Jugend mitgeprägt. Der BMBF-Förderschwerpunkt „Präventionsforschung“ unterstützt zahlreiche praxisbezogene Projekte zur Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit, die unterschiedliche präventive und gesundheitsförderliche Themen, Altersgruppen und Settings fokussieren. Ein Meta-Projekt unterstützt den Politik- und Praxistransfer. Die Präventionsforschung gewinnt eine gute und ausbaufähige Basis, um wirkungsvolle, evaluierte Maßahmen künftig breiter und systematischer in Bildungswesen und Gesundheitsversorgung umzusetzen.
Effekte von Bonusprogrammen der Kassen
Authors: Scherenberg Viviane , Glaeske Gerd 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Seit dem 01.01.2004 können die GKVn ihren Versicherten Boni für gesundheitsbewusstes Verhalten offerieren. Die spezifischen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten auf die spezifischen Zielgruppenbelange auch von Kindern und Jugendlichen sind vielfältig, um früh eigenverantwortliches Handeln zu fördern. Im Hinblick auf die Nutzung, den Nutzen nicht kinder- und jugendzentrierter Programme, möglicher Nebeneffekte aufgrund der Verdrängung intrinsischer Motivation sowie verhältnisbezogener Barrieren besteht erheblicher Forschungsbedarf.
Evidence for refilling of previously emptied basaltic pillows in the Hooggenoeg Complex, Barberton Greenstone Belt
Authors: ROBINS BRIAN , SANDSTÅ NILS R. , FURNES HARALD , DE WIT MAARTEN 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSome large metabasaltic pillows in the uppermost part of the Palaeoarchaean Hooggenoeg Complex in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, exhibit flow-banded margins and homogeneous cores that have a different texture and compositional variation. The margins consist of millimetre to several centimetre thick alternating bands of pale green spherulitic and darker, conspicuously variolitic varieties of non-vesicular and aphyric metabasalt, previously inferred to be due to mingling of two different types of lava. The dark cores have sharp, aphanitic contacts with the flow-banded carapaces. They lack flow banding, have coarse-grained interiors and exhibit well-preserved primary textures with pseudomorphs after prismatic pyroxene set in a groundmass containing skeletal plagioclase. The compositional range of samples from these cores is unlike that of the flow-banded metabasalt but is similar to a 19 m thick lobate metabasalt flow ~150 m stratigraphically further up, at the local top of the Hooggenoeg volcanic sequence. The pillow cores are inferred to result from the later refilling of drained hollow pillows.
Outcomes of hospitalized patients with bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: LIN S.-H. , LAI C.-C. , TAN C.-K. , LIAO W.-H. , HSUEH P.-R. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYIn contrast to bacteraemic pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), there is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of non-bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP. This retrospective study compared the outcome of hospitalized patients with bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic pneumococcal CAP treated at a medical centre from 2004 to 2008. Data on clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality, length of hospital stay, need for intensive-care unit admission and extrapulmonary involvement were analysed. In all, 221 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia (87 bacteraemic, 134 non-bacteraemic) were included. Patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) were older than those with non-BPP (46·2±30·7 years vs. 21·7±30·8 years, P<0·001) and were more likely to have underlying medical diseases (66·7% vs. 33·6%, P<0·001). The overall mortality rates at 7, 14, and 30 days were significantly higher in BPP than non-BPP patients (12·6% vs. 2·2%, 14·9% vs. 3·7%, 19·5% vs. 5·1%, all P<0·01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pneumococcal bacteraemia was correlated with extrapulmonary involvement (odds ratio 5·46, 95% confidence interval 1·97–15·16, P=0·001). In conclusion, S. pneumoniae bacteraemia increased the risk of mortality and extrapulmonary involvement in patients with pneumococcal CAP.
Mechanical design and analysis of in-vacuum undulators at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Authors: Jiang Z. , Du H. , Chen C. , Fan Y. , Wang X. 
Published: October 2010

Two in-vacuum undulators (IVU25) have been used since March 2009 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Another small-gap in-vacuum undulator with a smaller period length of 20 mm was completed in July 2010. The mechanical system of IVU25 consists of support frame, driving and guiding system, taper mechanism, compensation spring system, suspending rods assembly, etc. We have attempted to manufacture IVU25 with high mechanical stability, rigidity and reproducible gap motion. A mechanical design study of IVU25 is carried out which includes finite-element calculations on the mechanical deformation of the girder. Some modifications have been made to the design of IVU20.
Modeling miRNA regulation in signaling networks: miR-34a regulation of the p53/Sirt1 module
Authors: Lai Xin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicro RNAs are a family of small regulatory RNAs whose function is to regulate the activity and stability of specific messenger RNA targets through post-translational regulatory mechanisms. We studied a signaling module composed by p53, Sirt1 and the small regulatory miRNA, miR-34a, based on the integration of experimental evidence and quantitative data, with mathematical modeling. We further used the model to investigate different possible designs of the silencing mechanisms exerted by miR-34a on Sirt1, and to simulate the dynamics of the system under pathological conditions of deregulation of its components.
Intramammary Infusion ofβ1,3‐glucan for Prevention and Treatment ofStaphylococcus aureusMastitis
Authors: Persson Waller K. , Grönlund U. , Johannisson A 
Published: October 2010

SummaryUdder health problems associated withStaphylococcus aureusinfections in dairy cows are difficult to control and antibiotics have limited effects. Lately, more interest has been directed towards ways to stimulate the innate immune mechanisms of the animal for better prevention and treatment of mastitis. The objectives of this study were to investigate if intramammary infusion at drying off with the immune modulatorβ1,3‐glucan can make the udder more resistant to experimental intra mammaryS. aureusinfection at this time, and to study if intramammary infusion ofβ1,3‐glucan into lactating udder quarters with chronic subclinicalS. aureusinfection can stimulate the clearing of the infection. Another aim was to evaluate the effect ofβ1,3‐glucan on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC class II) on mammary leucocytes, measured by flow cytometry, during these circumstances. The results indicated a slight, but not statistically significant, positive effect ofβ1,3‐glucan at drying off on the clinical and anti‐bacterial response toS. aureusinfection, but no therapeutic effect ofβ1,3‐glucan treatment of udder quarters with chronic subclinicalS. aureusmastitis. However, the proportion of MHCII+ milk lymphocytes tended to increase after glucan infusion in those udder quarters indicating a stimulation of the antigen presenting ability. To further evaluate a possible preventive effect ofβ1,3‐glucan infusion at drying off more studies are needed involving a larger number of animals.
Detection of Chlamydophila abortus in Ovine Milk by Immunomagnetic Separation–Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Öngör H. , Çetinkaya B. , Açik M. N. , Karahan M. , Bulut H. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe present study was carried out to investigate the presence of Chlamydophila abortus, the causative agent of ovine enzootic abortion, in milk samples collected from sheep flocks with and without the history of abortion in Eastern Turkey by means of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) in conjunction with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total number of 201 milk samples collected from 10 flocks with abortion and four flocks without abortion were tested. In the analysis of the milk samples by IMS–PCR, correct amplification was obtained with three (1.5%) samples originating from one flock with abortion. In the digestion of PCR positive products by AluI, restriction profiles observed in all three samples were determined to be the same as C. abortus S26/3.
Identification of Yersinia enterocolitica in Minced Meat: A Comparative Analysis of API 20E, Yersinia Identification Kit and a 16S rRNA‐based PCR Method
Authors: Arnold T. , Neubauer H. , Nikolaou K. , Roesler U. , Hensel A. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe isolation and identification of Yersinia enterocolitica from minced meat on CIN agar medium is still one of the major problems in food microbiology because of the low selectivity of cefsulodin–irgasan–novobiocin (CIN) agar. A total of 198 minced meat samples were collected from commercial establishments (butcher shops and supermarkets) in seven German cities in order to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of three identification techniques suitable for the differentiation of Y. enterocolitica within the rich background flora on CIN agar plates. As expected isolation of Y. enterocolitica from minced meat on CIN agar medium after 72 h enrichment in peptone, sorbitol and bile salts (PSB) broth was difficult because all plates were abundantly covered with numerous ‘typical’Yersinia‐like colonies of bull's eye appearance as well as with atypical colonies. Based on the phenotype of the colonies it was possible to detect colonies showing Yersinia‐like growth on CIN agar in 52 samples (26%). For identification of Y. enterocolitica the API 20E system (bioMerieux, Nürtingen, Germany), the Yersinia identification kit (Merlin, Bornheim‐Hersel, Germany) and a 16S rRNA based PCR assay were compared. Only in one sample (0.5%) a Y. enterocolitica strain was detected by all methods. Of the three identification systems tested for routine laboratory diagnostics the API 20E system was found to be the most suitable tool to identify Y. enterocolitica colonies within the rich background flora from minced meat samples on CIN agar plates.
The pot snack market – are today's consumers demanding health as well as convenience?
Authors: McCullough Fiona , Jones Sian , Vignali Daniella 
Published: October 2010

Identifying the target audience for hot pot snacks and which factors influence their buyer behaviour is vital information for product developers and manufacturers. The reported market research evaluated the effect of changing lifestyles on the growth of the pot snack market and investigated consumer opinion of pot snacks with particular regard to their nutritional status. This information is of particular interest to health professionals involved in improving the nation's health.A consumer questionnaire measured the opinion of pot snacks, frequency of consumption and influences on the growth of the pot snack market. The 150 consumers comprised   86   males   and 64   females   aged   11–74 years.   The data was analysed using chi‐square (Statistical Package for Social   Sciences).   Results indicated   that   within   the   pot snack market, there are a variety of reasons determining the demand for pot snacks. The frequency of consumption is influenced by knowledge and opinion about the nutritional content of the pot snack product, suggest‐ing that consumers are now demanding health as well as convenience.
Characterization of juvenile and adult leaves of Eucalyptus globulus showing distinct heteroblastic development: photosynthesis and volatile isoprenoids
Authors: Velikova V. , Loreto F. , Brilli F. , Stefanov D. , Yordanov I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHeteroblastic Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) leaves were characterized for their functional diversity examining photosynthesis and photosynthesis limitations, transpiration, and the emission of isoprene and monoterpenes. In vivo and combined analyses of gas‐exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and light absorbance at 830 nm were made on the adaxial and abaxial sides of juvenile and adult leaves. When adult leaves were reversed to illuminate the abaxial side, photosynthesis and isoprene emission were significantly lower than when the adaxial side was illuminated. Monoterpene emission, however, was independent on the side illuminated and similarly partitioned between the two leaf sides. The abaxial side of adult leaves showed less diffusive resistance to CO2 acquisition by chloroplasts, but also lower ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, than the adaxial leaf side. In juvenile leaves, photosynthesis, isoprene, and monoterpene emissions were similar when the adaxial or abaxial side was directly illuminated. In the abaxial side of juvenile leaves, photosynthesis did not match the rates attained by the other leaf types when exposed to elevated CO2, which suggests the occurrence of a limitation of photosynthesis by ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration. Accordingly, a reduced efficiency of both photosystems and a high non‐radiative dissipation of energy was observed in the abaxial side of juvenile leaves. During light induction, the adaxial side of juvenile leaves also showed a reduced efficiency of photosystem II and a large non‐radiative energy dissipation. Our report reveals distinct functional properties in Eucalyptus leaves. Juvenile leaves invest more carbon in isoprene, but not in monoterpenes, and have a lower water use efficiency than adult leaves. Under steady‐state conditions, in adult leaves the isobilateral anatomy does not correspond to an equal functionality of the two sides, while in juvenile leaves the dorsiventral anatomy does not result in functional differences in primary or secondary metabolism in the two sides. However, photochemical limitations may reduce the efficiency of carbon fixation in the light, especially in the abaxial side of juvenile leaves.
Effects of species composition, land surface cover, CO2 concentration and climate on isoprene emissions from European forests
Authors: Arneth A. , Schurgers G. , Hickler T. , Miller P. A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEmissions of isoprene from terrestrial vegetation are known to affect atmospheric chemical properties, like its oxidation capacity or the concentration of tropospheric ozone. The latter is of concern, since besides being a potent greenhouse gas, O3 is toxic for humans, animals, and plants even at relatively low concentrations. Isoprene‐emitting forests in the vicinity of NOx pollution sources (like cities) can contribute considerably to O3 formation, and to the peak concentrations observed during hot summer weather. The biogenic contribution to O3 concentrations is generally thought to increase in a future, warmer climate – pushing values beyond health thresholds possibly even more frequently and over larger areas – given that emissions of isoprene are highly temperature‐dependent but also because of the CO2 fertilisation of forest productivity and leaf growth. Most projections of future emissions, however, do not include the possible CO2‐inhibition of leaf isoprene metabolism. We explore the regional distribution of emissions from European woody vegetation, using a mechanistic isoprene‐dynamic vegetation model framework. We investigate the interactive effects of climate and CO2 concentration on forest productivity, species composition, and isoprene emissions for the periods 1981–2000 and 2081–2100. Our projection of future emissions includes a direct CO2‐isoprene inhibition. Across the model domain, we show that this direct effect has the potential to offset the stimulation of emissions that could be expected from warmer temperatures and from the increased productivity and leaf area of emitting vegetation. Changes in forest species composition that may result from climate change can play a substantial additional role in a region’s future emissions. Changes in forest area or area planted in woody biofuels in general are not noticeable in the overall European forest isoprene budget, but – as was the case for changes in species composition – may substantially affect future projections in some regions of the continent.
Isoprene emission and primary metabolism in Phragmites australis grown under different phosphorus levels
Authors: Fares S. , Brilli F. , Noguès I. , Velikova V. , Tsonev T. , Dagli S. , Loreto F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAquatic plants are generally used for wastewater purification and phytoremediation, but some of them also emit large amounts of isoprene, the most abundant biogenic volatile organic compound. Since isoprenoid biosynthesis requires high amounts of phosphorylated intermediates, the emission may also be controlled by inorganic phosphorus concentration (Pi) in leaves. We carried out experiments to determine the emission of isoprene from Phragmites australis plants used in reconstructed wetlands to phytoremediate elevated levels of phosphorus contributed by urban wastes. Four groups of plants were grown hydroponically in water containing different levels of KH2PO4. High levels of phosphorus in the water resulted in high Pi in the leaves. High Pi stimulated photosynthesis at intercellular CO2 concentrations lower and higher than ambient, implying higher ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and higher ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate regeneration rates, respectively. However, isoprene emission was substantially lower at high Pi than at low Pi, and was not associated to photosynthesis rates at high Pi. This surprising result suggests that isoprene is limited by processes other than photosynthetic intermediate availability or by energetic (ATP) requirements under high Pi levels. Irrespective of the mechanism responsible for the observed reduction of isoprene emission, our results show that Phragmites plants may effectively remove phosphorus from water without concurrently increase isoprene emission, at least on a leaf area basis. Thus, Phragmites used in reconstructed wetlands for phytoremediation of urban wastes rich of phosphates will not contribute high loads of hydrocarbons which may influence air quality over urban and peri‐urban areas.