bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Comorbidity, Functioning, and Service Use for US Children With ADHD, 2007
Authors: Larson Kandyce , Russ Shirley A. , Kahn Robert S. , Halfon Neal 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine patterns of comorbidity, functioning, and service use for US children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

METHODS:
Bivariate and multivariable cross-sectional analyses were conducted on data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health on 61 779 children ages 6 to 17 years, including 5028 with ADHD.

RESULTS:
Parent-reported diagnosed prevalence of ADHD was 8.2%. Children with ADHD were more likely to have other mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions. Parents reported that 46% of children with ADHD had a learning disability versus 5% without ADHD, 27% vs 2% had a conduct disorder, 18% vs 2% anxiety, 14% vs 1% depression, and 12% vs 3% speech problems (all P &lt; .05). Most children with ADHD had at least 1 comorbid disorder: 33% had 1, 16% had 2, and 18% had 3 or more. The risk for having 3 or more comorbidities was 3.8 times higher for poor versus affluent children (30% vs 8%). Children with ADHD had higher odds of activity restriction (odds ratio: 4.14 [95% confidence interval: 3.34–5.15]), school problems (odds ratio: 5.18 [95% confidence interval: 4.47–6.01]), grade repetition, and poor parent-child communication, whereas social competence scores were lower and parent aggravation higher. Functioning declined in a stepwise fashion with increasing numbers of comorbidities, and use of health and educational services and need for care coordination increased.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinical management of ADHD must address multiple comorbid conditions and manage a range of adverse functional outcomes. Therapeutic approaches should be responsive to each child's neurodevelopmental profile, tailored to their unique social and family circumstances, and integrated with educational, mental health and social support services.
Long-term Results of an Obesity Program in an Ethnically Diverse Pediatric Population
Authors: Savoye Mary , Nowicka Paulina , Shaw Melissa , Yu Sunkyung , Dziura James , Chavent Georgia , O'Malley Grace , Serrecchia John B. , Tamborlane William V. , Caprio Sonia 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine if beneficial effects of a weight-management program could be sustained for up to 24 months in a randomized trial in an ethnically diverse obese population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
There were 209 obese children (BMI &gt; 95th percentile), ages 8 to 16 of mixed ethnic backgrounds randomly assigned to the intensive lifestyle intervention or clinic control group. The control group received counseling every 6 months, and the intervention group received a family-based program, which included exercise, nutrition, and behavior modification. Lifestyle intervention sessions occurred twice weekly for the first 6 months, then twice monthly for the second 6 months; for the last 12 months there was no active intervention. There were 174 children who completed the 12 months of the randomized trial. Follow-up data were available for 76 of these children at 24 months. There were no statistical differences in dropout rates among ethnic groups or in any other aspects.

RESULTS:
Treatment effect was sustained at 24 months in the intervention versus control group for BMI z score (−0.16 [95% confidence interval: −0.23 to −0.09]), BMI (−2.8 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval: −4.0–1.6 kg/m2]), percent body fat (−4.2% [95% confidence interval: −6.4% to −2.0%]), total body fat mass (−5.8 kg [95% confidence interval: −9.1 kg to −2.6 kg]), total cholesterol (−13.0 mg/dL [95% confidence interval: −21.7 mg/dL to −4.2 mg/dL]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−10.4 mg/dL [95% confidence interval: −18.3 mg/dL to −2.4 mg/dL]), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (−2.05 [95% confidence interval: −2.48 to −1.75]).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study, unprecedented because of the high degree of obesity and ethnically diverse backgrounds of children, reveals that benefits of an intensive lifestyle program can be sustained 12 months after completing the active intervention phase.
Salinity-Based Pump-and-Dump Strategy for Drilling Salt With Supersaturated Fluids
Authors: Akers T.J.. J. 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Riserless drilling with weighted-drilling-fluid systems, commonly referred to as a "pump-and-dump" drilling strategy, is an established drilling technique used on deepwater wells with shallow hazards. Large holes and high flow rates result in very large volumes of fluid being required to drill to total depth (TD), circulate the well clean, and cement the conductor-casing string. Fluids management becomes a major issue in the riserless hole section. In the Gulf of Mexico, mud is often densified in excess of well requirements and then blended with seawater in a "cut-back" operation to reach the desired density to pump downhole.
When performing riserless drilling into salt, a pump-and-dump strategy is often used. Dilution with seawater, however, results in an undersaturated fluid. This fluid leaches the salt, resulting in substantial hole enlargement. The hole enlargement can result in poor cementing jobs that require remediation or even an additional string of casing. A unique operation has been employed in the Santos basin of Brazil where a supersaturated-brine fluid was used to conduct a pump-and-dump operation with the goal of drilling with a saturated-brine fluid and minimizing hole enlargement. This paper details the planning of the operation, fluid design, and pilot testing. Fluids management, equipment rig up, and results are discussed in detail. The operation has been executed successfully twice, with both operations achieving the set objectives for the wells. Unforeseen complications that were encountered are discussed along with lessons learned that have been applied to subsequent operations.
The Challenges for Carbonate Petrophysics in Petroleum Resource Estimation
Authors: Bust Vivian K. , Oletu Joshua U. , Worthington Paul F. 
Published: February 2011

Summary
An examination of the core and log analysis of carbonate reservoirs has confirmed that identified shortcomings are rooted in disparate pore character. Many of the interpretation methods were developed for clastic rocks, which typically show an intergranular porosity, sometimes augmented by fracture porosity. In carbonate reservoirs, the primary pore system comprises interparticle porosity that coexists with a highly variable secondary system of dissolution voids and/or fractures. As a consequence, carbonate reservoirs are markedly heterogeneous from pore to reservoir scales, and this variability poses significant challenges to data acquisition, petrophysical evaluation, and reservoir description. For example, the ranges of carbonate facies and their pore character often control the distributions of net pay, porosity, and hydrocarbon saturation. Putting these matters together, conventional petrophysical practices that exclusively use reservoir zonation based on lithology/mineralogy have limited application in carbonates. Instead, recourse is made to a zonal discrimination that draws upon the distribution of microporosity and its connectivity with macroporosity and fractures. The discrimination scheme uses downhole technologies such as high-resolution imaging and magnetic resonance logs, supported by advanced core analysis. On this basis, a value-adding workflow is proposed to increase confidence in those petrophysical deliverables that are used in static volumetric estimates of petroleum Resources.
Pore-Scale Modelling of the Effect of Viscous Pressure Gradients During Heavy Oil Depletion Experiments
Authors: Bondino Igor , McDougall Steven R. , Hamon Gerald 
Published: February 2011

Summary
In this work, we implement a dynamic gas/oil interface tracking algorithm for the mobilization of bubbles under intense pressure gradients in order to improve the simulation of solution gas drive for heavy oil in the framework of a pre-existing pore-scale network simulator. The model is used to characterize both the stationary capillary controlled growth of bubbles characteristic of slow depletion rates (far-wellbore region) and the flow phenomena in the near-wellbore region: in this case, it is shown how viscous forces lead to an increased persistence of small bubbles for a longer time, creating an effect similar to what described as foamy oil.
The study has identified three different regimes of bubble growth, depending upon capillary number and depletion rate, and these regimes appear to cover the entire range of phenomena observed experimentally. These three regimes are (a) the conventional capillary-controlled growth pattern at low capillary numbers, (b) viscous biased growth at intermediate capillary numbers, and (c) bubble mobilization and breakup leading to foamy behaviour at the highest capillary numbers and depletion rates. A predictive methodology for the associated continuum-scale constitutive relationships, such as relative permeabilities, is also proposed for each of the three depressurization regimes.
Estimation of Reservoir Hydraulic Property From Surface Heave Monitoring During Subsurface Fluid Injection
Authors: Qiao Liping , Wong Ron C.K. , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: February 2011

Summary
Subsurface fluid injections, such as wastewater disposal, waterflooding, and CO2 sequestration, cause reservoir dilation. The reservoir dilation induces displacements in the overburden extending up to the ground surface and resulting in surface heave. Previous studies have illustrated that it is possible to delineate the extent of the reservoir dilation from the surface heave measurement using an inverse technique. This paper proposes that the inverse technique can be extended to estimate the growth and propagation of the reservoir dilation during the fluid injection if the surface heave is monitored continually. Then, the reservoir pressure distribution and hydraulic properties could also possibly be determined from the fluid-flow equations. The results obtained from the proposed technique were compared with those obtained from a fully-coupled finite element (FE) simulation of a fluid injection problem. It was found that the numerical tool could be successfully adopted to estimate an approximate value of the reservoir permeability.
Chronic Methylglyoxal Infusion by Minipump Causes Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Induces Type 2 Diabetes in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Dhar Arti , Dhar Indu , Jiang Bo , Desai Kaushik M. , Wu Lingyun 
Published: February 2011

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of high dietary carbohydrate-induced type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive glucose metabolite and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MG levels are elevated in diabetic patients. We investigated the effects of chronic administration of MG on glucose tolerance and β-cell insulin secreting mechanism in 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSMG (60 mg/kg/day) or 0.9% saline was administered by continuous infusion with a minipump for 28 days. We performed glucose and insulin tolerance tests and measured adipose tissue glucose uptake and insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets. We also used cultured INS-1E cells, a pancreatic β-cell line, for molecular studies. Western blotting, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed.RESULTSIn rats treated with MG and MG + l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), MG levels were significantly elevated in plasma, pancreas, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle; fasting plasma glucose was elevated, whereas insulin and glutathione were reduced. These two groups also had impaired glucose tolerance, reduced GLUT-4, phosphoinositide-3-kinase activity, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipose tissue. In the pancreatic β-cells, MG and MG + BSO reduced insulin secretion, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, MafA, GLUT-2, and glucokinase expression; increased C/EBPβ, nuclear factor-κB, MG-induced AGE, Nε-carboxymeythyllysine, and receptor for AGEs expression; and caused apoptosis. Alagebrium, an MG scavenger and an AGE-breaking compound, attenuated the effects of MG.CONCLUSIONSChronic MG induces biochemical and molecular abnormalities characteristic of type 2 diabetes and is a possible mediator of high carbohydrate-induced type 2 diabetes.
Amphetamine Availability and Admissions for Psychosis in New South Wales, 2001–2009
Authors: Sara Grant , Burgess Philip , Malhi Gin , Whiteford Harvey 
Published: February 2011

Objective: Clinicians have raised concerns about the impact of amphetamines on demand for mental health services. However, evidence for this link is limited. This study explores whether changes in the availability of amphetamines in NSW in the last decade have been associated with variations in admission to mental health units for amphetamine related conditions and for psychoses more generally. Method: The study examined admissions from community settings to NSW acute mental health units from 2000 to 2009. Quarterly rates of hospital admission with primary or comorbid diagnoses of stimulant use disorders, stimulant-induced psychoses and non-drug-related psychoses were compared to quarterly rates of criminal incidents of amphetamine possession and use, which provide an indirect measure of the community availability of amphetamines. Analysis was confounded by increases in mental health beds over the period. Linear regression predicted admission rates on the basis of amphetamine availability, adjusting for changing mental health bed numbers. Results: Amphetamine availability and admissions for psychoses increased steadily from 2000 to a peak in early 2007, but have declined since. Regression models including both amphetamine availability and bed numbers predicted 34% of variation in stimulant use disorders admission rates and 50% of variation in stimulant induced psychoses admission rates. There was no significant effect of amphetamine availability on admissions for schizophrenia and other non-drug-induced psychoses after controlling for changing bed numbers. Conclusions: Increased amphetamine availability appears to have been one factor increasing demand for mental health admission in NSW over the last decade. However, there appears to have been a recent downward trend in both amphetamine availability and amphetamine-related admissions. Policies which reduce the community availability of amphetamines may result in reduced admissions for amphetamine-related mental health conditions, including amphetamine-induced psychoses. Further research is needed regarding effects of amphetamine availability on admissions for schizophrenia.
Temporal Trends in Self Harm and Aggression On a Paediatric Mental Health Ward
Authors: Berntsen Ellen , Starling Jean , Durheim Earle , Hainsworth Cassandra , de Kloet Liselotte , Chapman Lucy , Hancock Karen 
Published: February 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe trends in aggression and self harm on a mental health inpatient unit for children and adolescents between January 2006 and August 2009. Various ward interventions and the ward milieu were evaluated as possible explanatory factors for trends. Method: This was a retrospective study whereby incidents of aggression, self harm and seclusion were obtained from a computerized Incident Information Management System (IIMS) database. Trends in incidents were analysed using linear regression analyses. Results: Over a 44-month period, 292 incidents of aggression and 139 incidents of self harm were reported. The use of seclusion and the number of aggressive incidents both significantly decreased over time. Trends suggested a positive relationship between the introduction of restraint training, changes in leadership and full staff complement, and a reduction in aggression and seclusion. Conclusions: Although the findings are limited by their retrospective nature and reliance on formal records, this study suggests that different factors can contribute to decrease the incidence of adverse events on a psychiatric ward. Future prospective research is needed to assess the effectiveness of different interventions in both the prevention and management of self harm, aggression and seclusion in child and adolescent inpatient units.
Chronic Suicidal Thoughts and Implicit Memory: Hypothesis and Practical Implications
Authors: Bendit Nicholas 
Published: February 2011

Objective: This paper outlines a hypothesis linking the development of implicit memory in infants and chronic suicidal thoughts in adults. In order to do this, the developmental trajectory of memory is reviewed, as well as how attachment experiences are encoded in implicit memory. The cognitive/emotional capacity of infants is then compared to the subjective experience of the chronically suicidal patient. This is used to develop the hypothesis that chronic suicidal thoughts are located in implicit memory, encoded very early in life. This idea is then used to explain why common responses by mental health workers to the chronically suicidal patient may inadvertently reinforce suicidal thoughts. Finally, understanding these concepts helps us to understand how psychotherapy can change chronic suicidal ideation. Conclusion: A hypothesis is proposed to link infant memory systems with adult chronic suicidal thoughts, and is used to understand helpful responses for patients who suffer with chronic suicidal ideation.
Benchmarking Older Persons Mental Health Organizations
Authors: McKay Rod , McDonald Regina , Coombs Tim 
Published: February 2011

Objective: This paper offers a reflection about the outcomes of the older persons benchmarking forums that formed part of the National Mental Health Benchmarking Project (NMHBP). Method: Seven older persons mental health organizations took part in the NMHBP. Representatives from these organizations attended eight benchmarking forums at which they documented their performance against relevant key performance indicators (KPIs). In order to better understand the differential performance of organizations on particular KPIs, participants gathered additional contextual data. This included organization-level data, data on the local catchment area, and data with which to profile the consumers accessing services through the given organization. Results: Participants’ average performance on some indicators was stable over time, while the average performance on others demonstrated fluctuations. Perhaps more importantly, the inter-organization range for almost all of the indicators was substantial. Conclusions: The older persons benchmarking forums provided an opportunity for participants to gauge the performance of their own organizations on a range of KPIs, come to understand some of the reasons for their own organization's performance and that of their counterparts, consider which of these reasons may be within their control, and reflect upon opportunities for quality improvement within their own organizations.
How Acceptable Are One-Off Consultations for Consumers? Further Information On Item 291
Authors: Williams Anne Sved , Sougleris Christina , Howell Cate 
Published: February 2011

Objective: The aim of this paper is to evaluate consumer and carer views of one-off psychiatric assessments, Item 291 in the Australian Medicare system. Method: Following general practitioner referral to a psychiatrist, consumers were invited to enrol in this study and provide: demographic data; a one-off face-to-face recorded interview 6–8 weeks following psychiatric assessment; and longitudinal assessment of their mental health, using the DASS, K10 and WHOQoL (prior to psychiatric assessment, 6–8 weeks after assessment and 3–4 months later). Results: Consumer and carer enrolment were very difficult to obtain. Sufficient consumers (8) enrolled to provide meaningful qualitative data. Most had good mental health literacy, had severe and chronic mental health problems, and appreciated the opportunity to access a mental health expert and receive a management plan. Overall, GPs had appropriately informed consumers of the process. Following assessment, the GP and consumer were implementing the suggested management plan. Negative statements included instances of failure to improve, insufficient appointments with the psychiatrist, and concern with GP follow-up. Conclusion: One-off psychiatric assessments using Item 291 appear highly acceptable to referred consumers. Qualitative outcomes showed trends towards an improvement in mental health, in an appropriate target group.
Présentation du modèle "Administrations publiques"
Authors: Bonacossa Jacques , Coutière Antoine , Péronnet François 
Published: February 2011

Presentation of the «Administrations» model
by J. Bonacossa, A. Coutière, F. Péronnet.
The «Administrations» model was designed to answer a twofold preoccupation. Its prime purpose was a better appraisal of the interdépendances which exist between the different parts that make up France's Government administrations as a whole. In this respect, the description of the main institutional relations between them was indispensable, and enabled us to establish complete accounts for each of them. In connection with this, we strove to express, in terms of instruments of budgetary and fiscal policy, the margin within which economic authorities maneuver, without hesitating, out of a concern for realism, to regard as exogenous certain heavy trends on which the authorities globaly have little influence.
Our second preoccupation was to allow for the possibility of extending our reflection to the macroeconomic level In this perspective, the framework of National Accounts was used because it was the one best suited to satisfy this concern. Thus, in particular, the consistency needed in budgetary and monetary policies prompted the authors of the model to draw the major inferences that need be drawn from the mode of financing of the different balances and its effects on the rest of the economy.
The macroeconomic approach, which in France traditionaly grants preferential treatment to relations between households and entreprises, is thus completed by a more cogent consideration of relations between the public sector and the private sector.
Les administrations publiques locales dans le modèle "Administrations"
Authors: Péronnet François 
Published: February 2011

Local government administrations in the «Administrations» model by F. Péronnet.
France's local government administrations («Administrations publiques locales» or «Apul») comprise an aggregate of administrations of territorial competence and essentially made up of local authorities. They play a privileged role in the development of community facilities. They have the possibility, in fulfilling the missions assigned them or which they wish to implement, of levying local taxes, and of contracting loans with specialized organizations to complete the financing of investments. Finally, they receive sizable subsidies from the State (particularly to ensure their functioning).
This article presents an econometric model which describes a macro- economic behavior of the transactor Apul in National Accounts In this model, it is assumed that these administrations fix the amount of their revenue from taxation according to their current expenditures, and that they adjust the level of the facilities they install to the pressure of needs connected with urban development as a function of savings made and of subsidies received. The balance of the financing is taken care of by loans, but the need to resort to them may in part reduce the amount of gross fixed capital formation, by increasing the current expenditures for payments of interest due and repayment of loans, and by acting directly upon the decision to invest. The equations formalizing these fundamental mechanisms are completed by a set of relations permitting a description of the whole of the Apul account.