bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 19‐year retrospective investigation of maternal mortality at Point G National Hospital, Bamako, Mali
Authors: Teguete Ibrahima , Traore Youssouf , Dennis Nora , Mounkoro Niani , Traore Mamadou , Dolo Amadou 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the changes in maternal mortality rates over the 19‐year period from 1985 to 2003 at Point G National Hospital, Bamako, Mali.MethodsData on all pregnant women admitted from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 2003 were collected from all hospital services. Records were entered into a database, and maternal mortality rates and cause‐specific fatality rates were analyzed.ResultsSignificant declines in the fatality rates due to uterine rupture (odds ratio [OR] 0.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.011–0.70) and postpartum infection (OR 0.22; 95% CI, 0.085–0.55) were noted when the period from 1985–1987 was compared with 2001–2003. Overall, there was a significant reduction in the odds of maternal death in the period between 1985–1987 and 2001–2003 (OR 0.529; 95% CI, 0.341–0.821), when adjustments were made for cesarean delivery, complications, and patient age.ConclusionsAlthough the crude maternal mortality rate remained high, shifts in the patient population that led to more patients with complications being admitted masked improvements in the odds of death for obstetric patients.
Home administration of misoprostol for early medical abortion in India
Authors: Bracken Hillary 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and acceptability of home administration of misoprostol for early medical abortion in Indian family planning clinics.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, consenting pregnant women (n = 599) with amenorrhea of 8 weeks or less seeking termination of pregnancy received 200 mg of oral mifepristone followed 48 hours later with 400 µg of oral misoprostol, administered either at home or at the clinic.ResultsAlmost all women (88.4%) chose to take misoprostol home. There was no statistical difference in success rates between home and clinic users (89.0% vs 92.4%, Pearson χ2 = 0.7; P = 0.395). Most women in both the home (90.7%) and clinic (92.3%) groups were satisfied or very satisfied with the procedure.ConclusionHome administration of misoprostol is safe and feasible for introduction into medical abortion services in India.
A practical guide to understanding systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Neely J. Gail , Magit Anthony E. , Rich Jason T. , Voelker Courtney C. J. , Wang Eric W. , Paniello Randal C. , Nussenbaum Brian , Bradley Joseph P. 
Published: November 2009

A systematic review is a transparent and unbiased review of available information. The published systematic review must report the details of the conduct of the review as one might report the details of a primary research project. A meta‐analysis is a powerful and rigorous statistical approach to synthesize data from multiple studies, preferably obtained from a systematic review, in order to enlarge the sample size from smaller studies to test the original hypothesis and/or to generate new ones.The objective of this article is to serve as an easy to read practical guide to understand systematic reviews and meta‐analyses for those reading them and for those who might plan to prepare them.
Postmaneuver restrictions in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: An individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Devaiah Anand K. , Andreoli Steven 
Published: November 2009

ObjectiveTreatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) with the Epley and Semont maneuvers has been used with and without postmaneuver postural restrictions. Studies examining these restrictions have yielded differing results. This study sought to examine the studies for a more uniform conclusion.Data SourcesControlled studies with objective identification of unilateral posterior semicircular canal BPPV and symptom resolution were analyzed. A PubMed search identified six studies totaling 523 patients meeting all inclusion criteria.Review MethodsCohorts treated with and without restrictions were compared. Individual patient pooled analyses in a one‐stage comparison were used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsPooled results of all restriction types showed no advantage over no restriction. Studies including each individual restriction were examined against the pooled population to look for technique differences. No restriction was found to be statistically significant.ConclusionsThe restrictions examined in controlled trials did not differ significantly in clinical outcomes, which suggests that restrictions do not appear to significantly affect the efficacy of BPPV maneuvers.
Carbonatites in collisional settings and pseudo-carbonatites of the Early Paleozoic Ol’khon collisional system
Authors: Sklyarov E.V. , Fedorovsky V.S. , Kotov A.B. , Lavrenchuk A.V. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Levitsky V.I. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Starikova A.E. , Yakovleva S.Z. , Anisimova I.V. , Fedoseenko A.M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Carbonatites associated with syenites and subalkalic mafic rocks (lamprophyres) occur in the Himalayan continental collision zone, and this suggests their possible existence in other Phanerozoic collisional settings. The Early Paleozoic Ol’khon collisional system in Western Cisbaikalia is considered one of the possible occurrences. Subalkalic gabbroids as well as peculiar carbonate (brucite marbles) and calc-silicate rocks were found here, within the Tazheran massif of alkalic and nepheline syenites. Alkalic syenites, nepheline syenites, and calciphyres were dated at 471 Ma, 451–464 Ma, and 466 Ma, respectively, and their ages correspond to the main collisional events in the system. A geochemical description of igneous and carbonate rocks in the massif is provided. Close mapping showed unusual syenite and brucite marble combinations and the frequent vein or pipe-like form of carbonates and calciphyres corresponding to their magmatic intrusion. But carbonatite nature of the marble mentioned above does not fit their typical crustal geochemical features. Not ruling out the possibility of total change of geochemical signatures of mantle carbonatite in the collisional medium, we offer two other possible explanations for these facts: (1) melting of carbonate masses by syenite and mafic magmas, followed by carbonate melt intrusion into the upper crust, and (2) protrusion of carbonates into syenites and gabbroids at the late stages of the contact action of a silicate magma. In this case the above-mentioned carbonate structural features result from late recrystallization, whose mechanism is yet to be explained.
Potassium alkaline lamproite-carbonatite complexes: petrology, genesis, and ore reserves
Authors: Vladykin N.V. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper studies the petrology of K-alkaline lamproite-carbonatite complexes, which are widespread in Siberia. They are exemplified by the Murun and Bilibino massifs in West and Central Aldan. In these massifs, the entire range of differentiates was first found, from K-ultrabasic-alkalic rocks through basic and intermediate ones to alkali granites and unique residual calc-silicate rocks (benstonite Ba-Sr carbonatites and charoite rocks). Also, intrusive equivalents of lamproites occur in these massifs, and the Murun massif was probably formed from highly differentiated lamproite magmas. In many K-alkaline complexes, silicate and silicate-carbonate magma layering takes place. Stages of magmatism are described for both massifs. Binary and ternary petrochemical diagrams exhibit the same compositional trend from early to late rocks.
In this paper, lamproites are considered from the chemical point of view; their diagnostic properties are described in terms of chemical and mineral composition. From geological, petrological, and geochemical data, formational analysis of alkaline complexes was performed, four formational types of world lamproites were first identified, and diamond content criteria were developed for them.
The carbonatite problem was studied from the petrological point of view, and four formational types of carbonatites were identified using geological, geochemical, and genetic criteria. It has been suggested that for dividing carbonatite complexes into four formational types the following criteria be used: the alkalinity type (Na or K) of alkalic rocks in the complex and the time when the carbonatite liquid separates from silicate melts in different stages of primary magma differentiation. These linked parameters influence the ore content type of carbonatite complexes.
A formation model for K-alkaline carbonatite complexes is given, and the Tomtor alkaline carbonatite massif with tuffaceous rare-metal ores is described to prove that they have ore reserves. The geochemistry of C, O, Sr, and Nd isotopes shows that K-alkaline complexes, depending on their geotectonic setting, can originate from three types of mantle sources: depleted mantle, enriched mantle 1 (EM1), and enriched mantle 2 (EM2). It is concluded that ore-bearing ultrabasic-alkaline complexes of lamproites and carbonatites can melt out of different types of mantle, whose composition only slightly influences their ore content. Apparently, the main factors are the low degree of selective mantle melting (less than 1%) and plumes supplying fluid and alkaline components, which stimulate this melting. Later on, the processes important for the accumulation of ore and trace elements are long-term magma differentiation and its layering during crystallization.
Hydrogen incorporation into forsterite in Mg2SiO4–K2Mg(CO3)2–H2O and Mg2SiO4–H2O–C at 7.5–14.0 GPa
Authors: Litasov K.D. , Shatskiy A.F. , Pal’yanov Yu.N. , Sokol A.G. , Katsura T. , Ohtani E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExperiments on water solubility in forsterite in the systems Mg2SiO4–K2Mg(CO3)2–H2O and Mg2SiO4–H2O–C were conducted at 7.5–14.0 GPa and 1200–1600 °C. The resulting crystals contain 448 to 1480 ppm water, which is 40–70% less than in the forsterite–water system under the same conditions. This can be attributed to lower water activity in the carbonate-bearing melt. The water content of forsterite was found to vary systematically with temperature and pressure. For instance, at 14 GPa in the system forsterite–carbonate–H2O the H2O content of forsterite drops from 1140 ppm at 1200 °C to 450 ppm at 1600 °C, and at 8 GPa it remains constant or increases from 550 to 870 ppm at 1300–1600 °C. Preliminary data for D-H-bearing forsterite are reported. Considerable differences were found between IR spectra of D-H- and H-bearing forsterite. The results suggest that CO2 can significantly affect the width of the olivine-wadsleyite transition, i.e., the 410-km seismic discontinuity, which is a function of the water content of olivine and wadsleyite.
Sulfide inclusions in diamonds: not monosulfide solid solution
Authors: Taylor L.A. , Liu Y. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Sulfide inclusions in diamonds, the most common of all inclusions, contain critical evidence about the timing and physical/chemical conditions prevailing during diamond formation. Typically, sulfide inclusions are encapsulated as a monosulfide solid solution (Mss) in the Fe-Ni-S system, with a minor amount of Cu. This Mss and the enclosing diamond have sufficiently different thermal expansion properties, so that, after encapsulation, the Mss creates a series of cracks in the diamond radiating from the sulfide. On cooling, this increase in volume permits the Mss to undergo exsolution to an assemblage of pyrrhotite + pentlandite + chalcopyrite + pyrite. The kinetics of this exsolution is so rapid that practically no Mss remains in nature. Instead, in recovered diamonds, all sulfides that originally were Mss now consist of this fine-grained assemblage. Chalcopyrite prefers to form around the edges of the inclusions and also migrates into the minute cracks in the diamonds. It is the bulk composition of the Mss as encapsulated that is important for interpretation of diamond petrogenesis (P-versus E-type diamonds) and to the commonly used Re-Os dating technique. However, this bulk composition is definitely not attainable with polished sections cut through the inclusions. The assumption that the kernel of the sulfide inclusion for Re-Os age dating represents the entire original Mss may also be incorrect, depending what has been lost, mostly chalcopyrite, which has migrated into the surrounding cracks within the diamond host.
Screening and Assessing 11 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Proteins as Potential Serodiagnostical Markers for Discriminating TB Patients from BCG Vaccinees
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Zhang Lingxia , Zhang Mingcheng , Pan Linlin , Wang Fengyu , Huang Jun , Li Guoli , Yu Jun , Hu Songnian 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests often yield poor specificity, so that to develop new serological antigens for distinguishing between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is a priority, especially for developing countries like China. We predicted the antigenicity for selected open reading frames (ORFs) based on the genome sequences of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG, as well as their functions and differences of expression under different stimulus. The candidate ORFs were cloned from H37Rv sequences and expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. We studied the serodiagnostic potential of 11 purified recombinants by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and involving a cohort composed of 58 TB patients (34 males and 24 females), 8 healthy volunteers and 50 PPD-negative individuals before and after BCG vaccination. For all the 11 antigens, the median OD values for the sera from TB patients were statistically significantly higher than those for PPD-negative individuals before or after BCG vaccination (P&lt;0.01). They had at least 92% specificity in healthy controls and six seroantigens (Rv0251c, Rv1973, Rv2376c, Rv2537c, Rv2785c and Rv3873A) were never reported with seroantigenicities previously. Thus the approach combining comparative genomics, bioinformatics and ELISA techniques can be employed to identify new seroantigens distinguishing M. tuberculosis infection from BCG vaccination.
How Many 3D Structures Do We Need to Train a Predictor?
Authors: Bagos Pantelis G. , Tsaousis Georgios N. , Hamodrakas Stavros J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
It has been shown that the progress in the determination of membrane protein structure grows exponentially, with approximately the same growth rate as that of the water-soluble proteins. In order to investigate the effect of this, on the performance of prediction algorithms for both α-helical and β-barrel membrane proteins, we conducted a prospective study based on historical records. We trained separate hidden Markov models with different sized training sets and evaluated their performance on topology prediction for the two classes of transmembrane proteins. We show that the existing top-scoring algorithms for predicting the transmembrane segments of α-helical membrane proteins perform slightly better than that of β-barrel outer membrane proteins in all measures of accuracy. With the same rationale, a meta-analysis of the performance of the secondary structure prediction algorithms indicates that existing algorithmic techniques cannot be further improved by just adding more non-homologous sequences to the training sets. The upper limit for secondary structure prediction is estimated to be no more than 70% and 80% of correctly predicted residues for single sequence based methods and multiple sequence based ones, respectively. Therefore, we should concentrate our efforts on utilizing new techniques for the development of even better scoring predictors.
3D Genome Tuner: Compare Multiple Circular Genomes in a 3D Context
Authors: Wang Qi , Liang Qun , Zhang Xiuqing 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Circular genomes, being the largest proportion of sequenced genomes, play an important role in genome analysis. However, traditional 2D circular map only provides an overview and annotations of genome but does not offer feature-based comparison. For remedying these shortcomings, we developed 3D Genome Tuner, a hybrid of circular map and comparative map tools. Its capability of viewing comparisons between multiple circular maps in a 3D space offers great benefits to the study of comparative genomics. The program is freely available (under an LGPL licence) at http://sourceforge.net/projects/dgenometuner.
Perfect complexes on Deligne-Mumford stacks and applications
Authors: Krishna Amalendu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor a tame Deligne-Mumford stackXwith the resolution property, we show that the Cartan-Eilenberg resolutions of unbounded complexes of quasicoherent sheaves areK-injective resolutions. This allows us to realize the derived category of quasi-coherent sheaves onXas a reflexive full subcategory of the derived category ofX-modules.We then use the results of Neeman and recent results of Kresch to establish the localization theorem of Thomason-Trobaugh for theK-theory of perfect complexes on stacks of above type which have coarse moduli schemes. As a byproduct, we get a generalization of Krause's result about the stable derived categories of schemes to such stacks.We prove Thomason's classification of thick triangulated tensor subcategories ofD(perf/X). As the final application of our localization theorem, we show that the spectrum ofD(perf/X) as defined by Balmer, is naturally isomorphic to the coarse moduli scheme ofX, answering a question of Balmer for the tensor triangulated categories arising from Deligne-Mumford stacks.
Effects of magnesium on postprandial serum lipid responses in healthy human subjects
Authors: Kishimoto Yoshimi , Tani Mariko , Uto-Kondo Harumi , Saita Emi , Iizuka Maki , Sone Hirohito , Yokota Kuninobu , Kondo Kazuo 
Published: November 2009

Postprandial hyperlipidaemia has been recognised to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that Mg intake is inversely associated with some risk factors of atherosclerosis, including lipid metabolism. The present study was performed to determine the effects of Mg supplementation on postprandial responses in serum lipid levels. We used bittern (Nigari, in Japanese), a natural MgCl2solution from sea or salt lake water, for Mg supplementation. In a two-way, randomised, crossover study, sixteen healthy male volunteers consumed 30 g butter with or without 5 ml bittern containing 500 mg of Mg. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were taken 2, 3, 4 and 6 h after ingestion. Postprandial lipid responses were evaluated by serum TAG, chylomicron TAG, apo-B48, remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) and NEFA concentrations. We found that the serum and the chylomicron TAG responses after the fat load were reduced and delayed by Mg supplementation. The concentrations of apo-B48 (P < 0·05), RLP-C (P < 0·05) and NEFA (P < 0·05) were significantly lower at 2 h after the fat-with-Mg meal compared with the fat-only meal. The present study indicated that Mg supplementation could inhibit fat absorption and improve postprandial hyperlipidaemia in healthy subjects.
IMPROVING MALARIA RECOGNITION, TREATMENT AND REFERRAL PRACTICES BY TRAINING CARETAKERS IN RURAL NIGERIA
Authors: OKEKE THEODORA A. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryA caretaker training programme was carried out in Ugwuogo-Nike, a rural area in south-east Nigeria, based on formative research within the community. A training of trainers workshop was organized for 30 leaders of women groups who subsequently trained other mothers in their group. Community information activities, which lasted for a period of eight months, included the use of posters, drama group and jingles. The programme was evaluated using the quantitative and qualitative methods that were employed at baseline, which included community survey and focus group discussions (FGDs). For the community survey, households with children under five years of age were identified and provided the sampling frame, from which 300 households were chosen using the systematic sampling method. The target population for the FGDs were caretakers of children under five years. Post-intervention evaluation of the programme showed significant (p<0.05) improvements in knowledge, home management of malaria and referral practices for severe malaria. Those who correctly reported that mosquitoes were the cause of malaria rose markedly from 39.7% to 88.7%. Knowledge of symptoms of mild and severe malaria also increased significantly. Only 1.5% of caretakers were aware of the correct dose of anti-malarial before intervention, but this increased to 41.5%. The impact of intervention brought about a dramatic change in the practice of taking severely ill children, especially those with convulsion, to a traditional healer. A minority (6.7%) of caretakers took a severely ill child to a traditional healer as against 60% pre-intervention. There was also a significant increase in use of formal health facilities for the treatment of severely ill children. The study findings support the view that training of mothers to recognize, treat appropriately and refer severe cases of malaria is feasible and may lead to a reduction in the incidence of severe disease.
A systematic review of neurobiological and clinical features of mindfulness meditations
Authors: Chiesa A. , Serretti A. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundMindfulness meditation (MM) practices constitute an important group of meditative practices that have received growing attention. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review current evidence on the neurobiological changes and clinical benefits related to MM practice in psychiatric disorders, in physical illnesses and in healthy subjects.MethodA literature search was undertaken using Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane collaboration database and references of retrieved articles. Controlled and cross-sectional studies with controls published in English up to November 2008 were included.ResultsElectroencephalographic (EEG) studies have revealed a significant increase in alpha and theta activity during meditation. Neuroimaging studies showed that MM practice activates the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and that long-term meditation practice is associated with an enhancement of cerebral areas related to attention. From a clinical viewpoint, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has shown efficacy for many psychiatric and physical conditions and also for healthy subjects, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is mainly efficacious in reducing relapses of depression in patients with three or more episodes, Zen meditation significantly reduces blood pressure and Vipassana meditation shows efficacy in reducing alcohol and substance abuse in prisoners. However, given the low-quality designs of current studies it is difficult to establish whether clinical outcomes are due to specific or non-specific effects of MM.DiscussionDespite encouraging findings, several limitations affect current studies. Suggestions are given for future research based on better designed methodology and for future directions of investigation.