bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent–Child Relationship Typologies and Associated Health Status Among Older Adults in the United States and China: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Kong Dexia , Lu Peiyi , Wu Bei , Silverstein Merril 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Cultural differences in intergenerational relationships have been well established in prior research. However, cross-national comparison evidence on the parent–child relationship and its health implications remains limited.

Research Design and Methods
Data from the 2014 U.S. Health and Retirement Study and the 2015 Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in China were used (NUS, non-Hispanic Whites only = 3,918; NChina = 4,058). Relationship indicators included coresidence, living nearby, having weekly contact, receiving assistance with daily activities, providing grandchild care, and financial transfer to/from children. Latent class and regression analyses were conducted.

Results
Four classes were identified for non-Hispanic White older Americans: (1) distant and uninvolved (6.58%), (2) geographically proximate with frequent contact and downward support (47.04%), (3) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (13.1%), and (4) geographically proximate with frequent contact (33.28%). Three classes were identified among older Chinese: (1) coresident with frequent contact and upward support (37.46%), (2) coresident/interdependent (25.65%), and (3) geographically proximate with frequent contact and upward financial support (36.89%). For non-Hispanic White older Americans, providing downward support was associated with fewer functional limitations and better cognition. Receiving instrumental support from children was associated with more depressive symptoms, more functional limitations, and poorer cognition among older Chinese.

Discussion and Implications
Cultural contrasts were evident in parent–child relationship typologies and their health implications. Compared to the U.S. non-Hispanic Whites, parent–child relationships in China tended to be closer and associated with poorer health status. The findings call for culturally relevant strategies to improve parent–child relationships and ultimately promote the health of older adults.
Genome assembly and resequencing shed light on evolution, population selection, and sex identification in Vernicia montana
Authors: Li Wenying , Dong Xiang , Zhang Xingtan , Cao Jie , Liu Meilan , Zhou Xu , Long Hongxu , Cao Heping , Lin Hai , Zhang Lin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Vernicia montana is a dioecious plant widely cultivated for high-quality tung oil production and ornamental purposes in the Euphorbiaceae family. The lack of genomic information has severely hindered molecular breeding for genetic improvement and early sex identification in V. montana. Here, we present a chromosome-level reference genome of a male V. montana with a total size of 1.29 Gb and a contig N50 of 3.69 Mb. Genome analysis revealed that different repeat lineages drove the expansion of genome size. The model of chromosome evolution in the Euphorbiaceae family suggests that polyploidization-induced genomic structural variation reshaped the chromosome structure, giving rise to the diverse modern chromosomes. Based on whole-genome resequencing data and analyses of selective sweep and genetic diversity, several genes associated with stress resistance and flavonoid synthesis such as CYP450 genes and members of the LRR–RLK family, were identified and presumed to have been selected during the evolutionary process. Genome-wide association studies were conducted and a putative sex-linked insertion and deletion (InDel) (Chr 2: 102 799 917-102 799 933 bp) was identified and developed as a polymorphic molecular marker capable of effectively detecting the gender of V. montana. This InDel is located in the second intron of VmBASS4, suggesting a possible role of VmBASS4 in sex determination in V. montana. This study sheds light on the genome evolution and sex identification of V. montana, which will facilitate research on the development of agronomically important traits and genomics-assisted breeding.
Consumer participation in the credit market during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Charalambakis Evangelos , Teppa Federica , Tsiortas Athanasios 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the consumer’s decision to apply for credit and the probability of the credit being accepted in the euro area during a period characterized by the unprecedented concomitance of events and changing borrowing conditions linked to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. We use data between 2020Q1 and 2023Q2 from the ECB’s Consumer Expectations Survey. We find that credit demand is the highest when the first lockdown ends and it drops when supportive monetary compensation schemes are implemented. There is evidence that constrained households are significantly less likely to apply for credit. Credit is more likely to be accepted under favourable borrowing conditions and after the approval of national recovery plans. We also find that demographic, economic factors, perceptions, and expectations are associated with the demand for credit and the credit grant.
Trust performance in managing inflammatory arthritis over time in England and Wales: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Yang Zijing , Arumalla Nikita , Alveyn Edward , Gallagher Sarah , Price Elizabeth , Russell Mark D , Bechman Katie , Norton Sam , Galloway James 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate trust-level performance in time to initiation of DMARD therapy in patients with early inflammatory arthritis (EIA), with identification of the change in performance trajectories over time and investigation of trust characteristics associated with this change.

Methods
We included 130 trusts from the UK contributing to the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit (NEIAA) from 2018 to 2020. The primary outcome was days from referral to initiation of DMARD therapy in patients with EIA. Latent class growth mixture models were applied to identify distinct groups of trusts with similar trajectories of performance change over time. We used mixed effects linear and multinomial logistic regression models to evaluate the association between delay in treatment and trust-level characteristics.

Results
The mean time to DMARD initiation was 53 days (s.d. 18), with an average 0.3-day decrease with each month over time. Four latent trajectories were identified in our cohort, with &gt;77% of individual trusts showing ongoing improvements in decreasing treatment waiting times. Prior to separating by latent class, time to DMARD initiation was shorter in trusts with higher rheumatology staffing, a local EIA treatment pathway and those with access to musculoskeletal ultrasound. Trusts with more nurses in the rheumatology department were less likely to be in the worst performance group [odds ratio 0.69 (95% CI 0.49, 0.93)].

Conclusion
In this cohort study, we observed a reduction in treatment waiting time over time. Trusts with better staffed and improved EIA clinical structure are likely to initiate definitive treatment earlier in patients with EIA.
Large muscle group movements during sleep in restless leg syndrome: neurophysiological and clinical implications
Authors: Mogavero Maria P , Congiu Patrizia , Lanza Giuseppe , Marelli Sara , Castelnuovo Alessandra , Puligheddu Monica , DelRosso Lourdes M , Ferini Strambi Luigi , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Recently, criteria have been drawn up for large muscle group movements during sleep (LMM), defined as movements lasting for 3–45 seconds in adults, which are often accompanied by changes in sleep stage, arousals, and increases in heart rate. The aim of this study was to characterize LMM in restless legs syndrome (RLS) in order to better evaluate their impact on the neurophysiology of the disorder and, therefore, the possible clinical implications.

Methods
Consecutive, drug-free patients diagnosed with RLS and controls, aged 18 years or more, were retrospectively enrolled. Leg movement activity—short-interval (SILMS), periodic (PLMS), and isolated (ISOLMS) leg movements during sleep—and LMM were detected and scored.

Results
In total, 100 patients and 67 controls were recruited. All movement measures were significantly higher in RLS. A significant positive correlation was found between LMM and ISOLMS index but not PLMS index in both groups. LMM index showed a significant negative correlation with total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and percentage of sleep stages N3 and R, as well as a significant positive correlation with the number of awakenings, and percentage of sleep stages N1 and N2 only in patients with RLS. No significant correlation was found between either LMM or PLMS index and RLS severity.

Conclusions
Different types of movements, including SILMS, ISOLMS, and LMM, play somewhat distinct roles in sleep neurophysiology in RLS. Notably, LMM, a newly recognized category of movements, demonstrates associations with sleep architecture instability and fragmentation, arousals, and awakenings, suggesting potential clinical implications.
Denmark: Danish Foundations
Authors: Feldthusen Rasmus Kristian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article, the unique structure of Danish Foundation law is described. Danish law has two pieces of legislation, one for non-enterprise foundations and the other for enterprise foundations. Enterprise foundations play a huge role in Denmark as long-term owners of some of its largest companies, for example, Novo Nordisk, Mærsk, Carlsberg, etc. This article describes the special rules on enterprise foundations as well as the tax implications of setting up a Danish (enterprise) foundation and explains how they are taxed on their income and distributions. The author also refers to Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish foundation law, where relevant.
Evaluating increasing levels of sodium diformate in diets for nursery and finishing pigs on growth performance, fecal dry matter, and carcass characteristics
Authors: Gaffield Katelyn N , Becker Gracie J , Smallfield Jessica L , DeRouchey Joel M , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , Lohrmann Troy , Lückstädt Christian , Menegat Mariana B , Liebenstein Mary , Allerson Matt , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium diformate in swine diets. For Exp. 1, 360 barrows (DNA 200 × 400; initially 5.9 ± 0.06 kg) were used in a 38-d study. At weaning, pigs were randomly assigned to pens with five pigs per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of six treatments with 12 pens per treatment. Treatments were formulated to provide none, 0.40%, 0.60%, 0.80%, 1.00%, or 1.20% sodium diformate added at the expense of corn. Diets were fed in three phases: phase 1 from weaning to day 9, phase 2 from days 9 to 24, and phase 3 from days 24 to 38. From days 0 to 24 (phases 1 and 2), increasing sodium diformate increased (linear, P = 0.001) gain-to-feed (G:F). However, sodium diformate did not affect average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI). From days 24 to 38 (phase 3) and overall (days 0 to 38), there was no evidence of differences due to increasing sodium diformate for any growth response criteria. There was no evidence for differences in fecal dry matter (DM) on day 9. However, fecal DM decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.05; quadratic, P = 0.097) as sodium diformate increased on day 24. In Exp. 2, 2,200 pigs (Duroc sire [PIC 800 or DNA 600] × PIC Camborough; initially 24.2 ± 0.30 kg) were used in a 117-d growth trial. Pens of pigs (25 pigs per pen) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments with 22 pens per treatment. Treatments were formulated with additions of none, 0.25%, 0.50%, or 0.75% sodium diformate. Diets were fed in six phases from 24 to 141 kg. For period 1 (days 0 to 32), ADFI tended to decrease then increase (quadratic, P = 0.081) with increasing sodium diformate, whereas G:F increased then decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.001) with increasing sodium diformate. For period 2 (days 32 to 60), there was no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI; however, there was a tendency for G:F to increase then decrease (quadratic, P = 0.093) with increasing sodium diformate. From days 60 to 93, increasing sodium diformate increased (linear, P &lt; 0.01) ADG and ADFI. From days 93 to 117, increasing sodium diformate increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Overall (days 0 to 117), pigs fed increasing sodium diformate had increased (linear, P &lt; 0.01) ADG and a tendency for increased (linear, P = 0.075) ADFI; however, there was no evidence for differences in G:F. There were no treatment differences for any carcass characteristic. In summary, increasing sodium diformate may increase G:F in the early nursery and improve ADG after day 60 (approximately 82 kg) in the finishing period.
Distinct immunometabolic signatures in circulating immune cells define disease outcome in acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Feio-Azevedo Rita , Boesch Markus , Radenkovic Silvia , van Melkebeke Lukas , Smets Lena , Wallays Marie , Boeckx Bram , Philips Gino , Prata de Oliveira Janaíne , Ghorbani Mohammad , Laleman Wim , Meersseman Philippe , Wilmer Alexander , Cassiman David , van Malenstein Hannah , Triantafyllou Evangelos , Sánchez Cristina , Aguilar Ferran , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef , Moreau Richard , Arroyo Vicente , Denadai Souza Alexandre , Clària Joan , Lambrechts Diether , Ghesquière Bart , Korf Hannelie , van der Merwe Schalk 
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims:
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complication of cirrhosis characterized by multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality. The pathophysiology of ACLF involves elevated systemic inflammation leading to organ failure, along with immune dysfunction that heightens susceptibility to bacterial infections. However, it is unclear how these aspects are associated with recovery and nonrecovery in ACLF.

Approach and Results:
Here, we mapped the single-cell transcriptome of circulating immune cells from patients with ACLF and acute decompensated (AD) cirrhosis and healthy individuals. We further interrogate how these findings, as well as immunometabolic and functional profiles, associate with ACLF-recovery (ACLF-R) or nonrecovery (ACLF-NR). Our analysis unveiled 2 distinct states of classical monocytes (cMons). Hereto, ACLF-R cMons were characterized by transcripts associated with immune and stress tolerance, including anti-inflammatory genes such as RETN and LGALS1. Additional metabolomic and functional validation experiments implicated an elevated oxidative phosphorylation metabolic program as well as an impaired ACLF-R cMon functionality. Interestingly, we observed a common stress-induced tolerant state, oxidative phosphorylation program, and blunted activation among lymphoid populations in patients with ACLF-R. Conversely, ACLF-NR cMon featured elevated expression of inflammatory and stress response genes such as VIM, LGALS2, and TREM1, along with blunted metabolic activity and increased functionality.

Conclusions:
This study identifies distinct immunometabolic cellular states that contribute to disease outcomes in patients with ACLF. Our findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of ACLF, shedding light on factors driving either recovery or nonrecovery phenotypes, which may be harnessed as potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Blood transfusion might not be recommended for gastric cancer patients with pretransfusion minimum hemoglobin values higher than 90 g/l: a real-world study covering 20 years of 13 470 patients
Authors: Wang Wanqing , Sun Chongyuan , Zhao Lulu , Han Xue , Luan Xiaoyi , Zhang Xiaojie , Niu Penghui , Zhao Dongbing , Chen Yingtai 
Published: May 2024

Background:
There was no consistent evidence of whether perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) affects the long-term survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients after undergoing gastrectomy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PBT on the long-term survival of GC patients, as well as to determine the threshold of PBT and provide evidence for future surgical practice.

Methods:
We performed this real-world study of GC patients undergoing gastrectomy at China National Cancer Center from January 1, 2000 to December 30, 2019. Overall survival (OS) curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared statistically using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the risk factors for OS.

Results:
In total, 13 470 GC patients undergoing gastrectomy from 2000 to 2019 were included, of whom 3465 (34.6%) GC patients received PBT. PBT ratios declined from 29.1% (114/392) in 2000 to 11.2% in 2019 (149/1178), with the highest blood transfusion ratio in 2005 at 43.7% (220/504). For patients transfused with red blood cells, the median value of hemoglobin (Hb) before transfusion in the PBT group decreased from 110 g/l in 2000 to 87 g/l in 2019. Compared with patients who not receiving PBT, PBT group are more likely to be older (≥65, 39.1% vs. 30.1%, P<0.001), open operation (89.7% vs. 78.1%, P<0.001), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (>2, 25.3% vs. 14.9%, P<0.001) and in the later pTNM stage (pTNM stage III, 68.5% vs. 51.5%, P<0.001). Results of multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that PBT was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS in GC patients undergoing gastrectomy [HR=1.106, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.211, P=0.03). After stratified according to tumor stage, we found that PBT group had a worse prognosis only in pTNM stage III (HR=1.197, 95% CI: 1.119–1.281, P<0.001). OS was obviously poor in the PBT group when Hb levels were higher than 90 g/l (90 g/l<Hb≤120 g/l: HR=1.196, 95% CI: 1.090–1.313, P<0.001; Hb>120 g/l: HR=1.207, 95% CI: 1.098–1.327, P<0.001), while there was no difference between the two groups when Hb levels were lower than or equal to 90 g/l (Hb≤90 g/l: HR=1.162, 95% CI: 0.985–1.370, P=0.075).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, PBT was an independent prognostic factor for worse OS. Blood transfusion might not be recommended for GC patients with perioperative minimum Hb values higher than 90 g/l.
Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019: an observational study with 30-year global data
Authors: Zhou Xianghong , Zhang Zilong , Ruan Cheng , Wu Yuwei , Zeng Bin , Su Xinyang , Yuan Qiming , Li Yifan , Wei Qiang , Qiu Shi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Testicular cancer (TC) is currently the most common malignancy in young and middle-aged men. A comprehensive assessment of TC burden is in lack.

Method:
Global incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of TC from 1990 to 2019 were obtained. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify trends in TC changes during the period. Relationships between disease burden and age, socio-demographic index (SDI) levels, human development index (HDI) were further analyzed.

Results:
Globally, incident cases of TC more than doubled from 1990 to 2019, together with an increasing of global age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) of TC from 1.9 to 2.8. The age-standardized deaths rates (ASDR) remained stable from 0.31 to 0.28. The similar results were reflected in the DALYs. In 2019, the highest ASIR were found in Southern Latin America, Central Europe and Western Europe. Analogously, the highest ASDR were found in Southern Latin America followed by Central Latin America and Central Europe. The burden of incidence increased with SDI, appropriately reached a peak at about 0.78, and then declined. Similarly, the burden of deaths increased with SDI, met a maximum at about 0.7.

Conclusions:
From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of TC has increased significantly, while the ASDR has been relatively stable and slightly decreased. The disease burden of TC is shifting to regions and countries with moderate to high levels of development. TC remains a rapidly growing global health problem, and new changes in TC burden should be considered when formulating new TC control policies.
Deregulated miR-146a-3p alleviates disease progression in atherosclerosis through inactivating NF-κB: An experimental study
Authors: Tao Taotao , Chen Linkao , Lin Xia , Fan Zijian , Zhu Chengfei , Mao Lingqun 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Atherosclerosis (AS), as a complex chronic inflammatory disease, is 1 of the main causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to confirm the direct interaction between miR-146a-3p and NF-κB, and explore the role of miR-146a-3p/NF-κB in the regulation of inflammation in AS.

Methods:
Bioinformatic prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm the interaction between miR-146a-3p and NF-κB. Lipopolysaccharides stimulation was performed to establish AS inflammatory cell model, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. miR-146a-3p and NF-κB expression were evaluated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and their clinical value was examined using a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results:
Inflammatory cell model showed increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. NF-κB was a target gene of miR-146a-3p, and mediated the inhibitory effects of miR-146a-3p on inflammatory responses in the cell model. In patients with AS, miR-146a-3p/NF-κB was associated with patients’ clinical data and inflammatory cytokine levels, and aberrant miR-146a-3p and NF-κB showed diagnostic accuracy to distinguish AS patients from healthy populations.

Conclusion:
miR-146a-3p might inhibit inflammation by targeting NF-κB in AS progression, and miR-146a-3p/ NF-κB might provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prevention of AS and related vascular events.
Feasibility and acceptability of a home-based virtual group exercise program in global Asian adult population: Baseline characteristics of a cohort study
Authors: Liu Jianghong , Liu Yuanfei , Chen Vienna , Chee Wonshik , Im Eun-Ok 
Published: May 2024

Background:
To determine the potential influence of a home-based virtual group exercise on people’s long-term overall health consequences in global Asian population.

Methods:
We recruited 1021 participants from more than 7 regions across the globe including Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, United States, Canada, Europe, and other regions. All the participants attended the virtual group Qigong exercise 60-minute bi-weekly with instructors for 6 months from June 2022 to December 2022. The physical, mental, and social well-being and other variables were measured via online questionnaires.

Results:
The majority were 51 to 65 (50.6%) years old, female (90.2%), married (68.5%), and came from Taiwan (48.9%). Older adults had higher scores on measures of overall health and exercise adherence, and lower scores on measures of sleep quality and depressive symptoms compared with younger counterparts (P < .05). Most of them (95.3%) acknowledged that the improvement of health status was their motivating factor for exercise. Eighty nine percent of the participants believed that social media played an important role in this exercise program.

Conclusion:
This study will suggest such approach has great potential to reduce health disparities and can be implemented to underserved population who has limited recourses to join in-person exercise program.