bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LABORATORY PROPAGATION OF THE PARASITE CHRYSOCHARIS LARICINELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) AND NOTES ON INTERACTION WITH ITS HOST, COLEOPHORA LARICELLA
Authors: Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method is described for mass-rearing Chrysocharis laricinellae (Ratzeburg) on larch casebearer larvae, employing a water culture system for tamarack. The rearing unit accommodates a well-defined episode (limited contact) in the interaction with its host. The yield is about 100 healthy parasites obtained from 300 cases, when the initial inoculum was 15 parasite females.
A METHOD FOR SEPARATING THE EGGS OF THE PRAIRIE GRAIN WIREWORM, CTENICERA DESTRUCTOR, FROM SOIL
Authors: Doane John F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA technique is described whereby an average of 99% (96–100%) of known numbers of eggs of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) were removed from units of soil 1/2 pint in volume. Average time to process each unit was 11/2 man-hours.
STUDIES OF FECUNDITY AND BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON THE NIAGARA PENINSULA OF ONTARIO
Authors: Phillips J. H. H. , Proctor Jean R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUnsprayed apple trees measurably increased the numbers of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), in adjacent peach trees in only 1 of 4 years, though the apples were rather heavily infested. The moth became evenly dispersed throughout a previously uninfected peach orchard within three generations. Caged orchard trees were unsatisfactory for studying behaviour because the environment within the cages differed from that in the orchard. Experimental studies indicated that fecundity of the females was variable between years and generations and a varying proportion laid no eggs. Intraspecific competition between newly hatched larvae occurred at low egg densities; egg mortality was small but mortality of newly hatched larvae was large.
AMERICAN SPECIES OF DIORYCTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE): II. WESTERN CANADIAN SPECIES OF THE BAUMHOFERI AND PONDEROSAE GROUPS
Authors: Mutuura Akira , Munroe Eugene , Ross D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new species and subspecies of Dioryctria Zeller are described: D. pentictonella, related to D. baumhoferi Heinrich, from buds of young Pinns ponderosa in the interior region of British Columbia; D. pentictonella vancouverella from buds of P. contorta and of several introduced species of Pinus in coastal British Columbia; D. okanaganella, related to D. ponderosae Dyar, from old pitch nodules and blister rust on Pinus ponderosa in the interior of British Columbia and in Washington.
PARASITISM OF THE CONE MOTH EUCOSMA RESCISSORIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) IN NORTHERN IDAHO
Authors: Goyer Richard A. , Schenk John A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwelve species of parasitic insects were associated with Eucosma rescissoriana Heinrich in western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas, cones in northern Idaho from 1963 to 1965. Pimplopterus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Chelonus petrovae McComb (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Apanteles starki Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Psalidopteryx psilocorsiphaga Brooks (Diptera: Tachinidac), in order of decreasing abundance, accounted for approximately 95% of the total parasitism. One additional species, Bracon rhyacioniae (Muesebeck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was present locally in small numbers. The four major species increased their rates of parasitism from 9.4 to 40.9% in one area during this 3-year study and were shown to be effective natural control agents of E. rescissoriana in seed-production areas.
RESPONSES OF POPULATIONS OF PHYTOPHAGOUS AND PREDACEOUS MITES ON CITRUS TO CESSATION OF SPRAYING
Authors: Rasmy Aly H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA 3-year study in two orange orchards in Egypt showed that when sprays were eliminated, citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein), was not a problem. The response of both phytophagous and predaceous mites to cessation of pesticide sprays was determined.
A SYNOPSIS OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF THE ONITIS GROUP OF THE GENUS TRIECES (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Walley G. Stuart 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe onitis group of the ichneumonid genus Trieces in the Nearctic region is revised to include redefinitions of the three previously described species, onitis (Davis), arcuatus Townes and Townes, and diffidens Townes and Townes, plus descriptions of six new species. A key to species, and illustrations are provided. Host data are given for six species, all of which are parasites of deciduous forest Lepidoptera in Canada.
OBSERVATIONS ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI AND R. FITCHII (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Robinson A. G. , Chen Ya-Hwai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe summer forms of two aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) and R. fitchii (Sand.) are similar morphologically, but R. padi has a chromosome count of 2n = 8, and R. fitchii of 2n = 10. Observations were made on these species on wheat, oats, and barley in the field and laboratory, using chromosome counts to verify species identity. Although they inhabit overlapping niches on the same host plants, there are small differences in behavior. Both species were found on barley in the field, although R. padi is much more abundant than R. fitchii. Both species were successfully reared on Poa pratensis L. and P. trivialis L. in a growth room. R. padi could be reared on shepherd’s-purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, but not R. fitchii.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ADELGES PICEAE (HOMOPTERA: ADELGIDAE) IN NEWFOUNDLAND, 1967
Authors: Hopewell W. W. , Bryant D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive insecticides (Baygon, diazinon, Dursban, Furadan, and menazon), previously shown to have some effect on control of the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.), on branches of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., have been tested more intensively. Individual trees were sprayed from the ground with 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 litre of solution containing 5% active ingredient (an approximate per acre dosage rate of 12 to 25 lb). Dursban, Baygon, and diazinon caused 85, 75, and 72% mortality respectively. Furadan and menazon were less effective, causing 56 and 34% mortality.
A REVIEW OF THE HOLARCTIC GENUSROEPKEAWITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW NEARCTIC SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRoepkea, as here understood, consists of 10 species whose primary or winter hosts are the Pruneae and the Pomeae and whose secondary or summer hosts are mainly the Leguminosae.R.marchali(Börner) is the only endemic Palaearctic species known. The Nearctic species are:bakeri(Cowen);crataegifoliae(Fitch);kachena(Hottes);multisetisnew species;punctatanew species;sclerosanew species;sensoriata(Gillette and Bragg);yohoensis(Bradley);zabapsisnew species. A key and host index is provided.
INSECT AND HOST ODORS IN THE AGGREGATION OF THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE
Authors: Vité J. P. , Pitman G. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDendroctonus brevicomis Lec. responded in flight to combinations of insect- and host-produced volatiles. Emergent female beetles crushed at −70 °C, as well as synthetic exo-7-ethyl-5-methyl-6, 8-dioxabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (“brevicomin”) attracted both sexes of the western pine beetle when offered with oleoresin freshly tapped from the host, Pinus ponderosa Laws. Offered separately, these materials were inactive. Crushed emergent Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. males per se, however, attracted flying D. brevicomis in appreciable numbers. Dominance of either host odor or insect pheromone appeared to govern the sex ratio of the responding insects.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THREE SPECIES OF ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE): II. TRAIL FORMATION AND GROUP FORAGING
Authors: Ayre G. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMethods of trail formation and organization of group foraging by the ants Formica obscuriventris Mayr, Myrmica americana Weber, and Crematogaster lineolata (Say) were studied under laboratory conditions. Each species was able to organize group travel to a persistent food source. M. americana and C. lineolata achieved this by using trail pheromones, the former species using these pheromones only to establish the trail and the latter using them in all stages of foraging. F. obscuriventris apparently did not use trail pheromones and each individual learned the route to the food independently.
THE TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE OF THE GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Dyck V. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNymphs and adults of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) were placed, one stage at a time, into a temperature choice chamber. Their behavior was observed while a temperature gradient was established and then allowed to collapse. The grasshoppers aggregated and remained quiescent at a temperature of about 38 °C. An implication of this preferred temperature regarding behavior in the field is discussed.
FOOD SEEKING AND SURVIVAL IN PREDACEOUS COCCINELLID LARVAE
Authors: Boldyrev M. I. , Wilde W. H. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurvival of Adalia bipunctata (L.) emerging from eggs laid some distance from prey locations, depended on the ability or the larvae to reach a prey location on a host plant. Distances between egg clusters and prey locations, when less than 63 cm in laboratory cages, had little effect on larval survival. Pathways used by a larva to prey was more important than distance. Larvae that had access to prey via pathways, reached prey as distant as 63 cm from eclosion sites.Cannibalistic predation by these larvae on eggs increases their survival chances when prey are scarce.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ORTHOPTERA (ACRIDOIDEA: ACRIDIDAE) FROM SONORA, MEXICO
Authors: Vickery V. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAstehelius crypticus, a new genus and species of Orthoptera from Sonora, Mexico, is described. This taxon closely resembles the oedipodine genus Heliastus but is shown to belong to a different subfamily, the Gomphocerinae.
EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE FLIGHT PATTERN OF TWO GNATHOTRICHUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) SPECIES
Authors: Rudinsky J. A. , Schneider I. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies in a Douglas-fir stand showed that the crepuscular flight pattern of Gnathotrichus retusus (Lec.) and G. sulcatus (Lec.) depends upon an interaction of light intensity and temperature. After the primary temperature threshold of 58°F is reached, light intensities above 2,000 ft-c retard flight activity, while both higher light intensity and darkness terminate flight.
ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS OF EGG PROTEINS FROM SEVERAL INSECT TAXA
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEgg-protein patterns from 23 insect species representing seven orders were obtained by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The patterns were species specific and highly reproducible. Those for congeneric species were very similar and family resemblances were apparent. The usefulness of egg-protein patterns in phylogenetic studies and in the analysis of closely related species was suggested.
MOSQUITOES OF MANITOBA: II. THE EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY ON HATCHING OF EGGS OF AEDES VEXANS AND AEDES ABSERRATUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Brust R. A. , Costello R. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOptimum storage conditions for eggs of Aedes vexans (Meigen) were found to be a temperature of 2 °C and a saturated atmosphere. These conditions are also suitable for storing eggs of Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) but this species can be stored at lower temperatures. When eggs of both species are stored at 2 °C and placed in a hatching medium at 2 °C, hatching begins in A. abserratus but not in A. vexans. A comparable hatch in the latter occurs at 10°–15 °C. Desiccation and death of A. vexans embryos occur rapidly at a low relative humidity (20%) and a high temperature (21 °C) but slowly at low relative humidity and a low temperature (4 °C). Eggs that lose a substantial amount of water will still hatch and the larvae develop normally, but hatching time is delayed. The hatching time may be twice as long as in eggs kept in a saturated atmosphere at similar temperatures, indicating that embryos must regain some of the lost water before hatching can occur.
NEW SPECIES OF TARSONEMUS (ACARINA: TARSONEMIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH BARK BEETLES
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour new species of Tarsonemus are described and illustrated: T. ips, T. triarcus, T. subcorticalis, and T. endophloeus. All are subcortical associates of bark beetles in conifers. A key is provided to distinguish these species and other tarsonemids which commonly coexist in habitats provided primarily by ipine bark beetles.
A NUMERICAL FACTOR FOR THE TAXONOMIC SEPARATION OF PTEROSTICHUS PENSYLVANICUS AND P. ADSTRICTUS (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Barlow C. A. , Adisoemarto S. , Graham J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA discriminant function is derived which effectively distinguishes Pterostichus pensylvanicus Lec. from P. adstrictus Eschz. The function is Z = −0.0861X + 0.1657Y, where X = total length of the pronotum at the midline, and Y = distance from widest part of the pronotum to its base. If Z is equal to or less than a critical value, Z0 = 0.0607, the specimen is identified as pensylvanicus; if Z is greater than Z0, it is adstrictus. The rate of error of the function for 182 specimens tested was 2%.
BIOLOGY OF HABROBRACON LINEATELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)
Authors: Laing D. R. , Caltagirone L. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHabrobracon lineatellae Fischer has been imported from Lebanon into California in the course of a project on the biological control of the peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella (Zeller). The navel orangeworm, Paramyelois transitella (Walker), is used as a host to mass-culture this parasite. Its biology is similar to that of other species in the genus, for the female paralyzes the host before oviposition and the larvae develop ectoparasitically. Females begin to paralyze hosts 2 to 26 days after emergence, and oviposition is initiated 1 day after they begin this host paralyzation. The number of eggs per female varies from 32 to 954. A maximum of 12 larvae of H. lineatellae can develop on 1 larva of P. transitella. When virgin females are held for 4 days and then placed with sexually active males for the rest of their lives, the sex ratio of the progeny is 53% female. The adults do not host feed. Females fed honey–water live an average of 105 days (range 51 to 166 days).
AGGREGATION BEHAVIOR OF DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL MESSENGERS
Authors: Pitman G. B. , Vité J. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk. aggregate on pine trees in response to a combination of host- and insect-produced volatiles. Release of the insect-generated volatiles by defecation coincides with the release of host volatiles as resin exudes from the galleries initiated by the female beetles. When tested with oleoresin under field conditions, synthetic trans-verbenol, the major insect pheromone, was highly attractive to both sexes of D. ponderosae. Also, emergent female Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec. and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. crushed to powder at −70 °C were attractive; emergent females of both species are known to contain large amounts of trans-verbenol. Trans-verbenol per se, however, was not attractive to walking or flying D. ponderosae.
SCALPONOTATUS, A NEW GENUS NEAR SLATEROCORIS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new genus Scalponotatus is described, with nine new species from North America: maturus from Arizona and California, and albicornis, albipes, capitatus, chillcotti, howdeni, insignis, mexicanus, and mimosus from Durango, Mexico. Strongylocoris albibasis Knight is placed in this genus (n. comb.). A key is provided and male genitalia of all the species are illustrated.
OVIPOSITION, DEVELOPMENT OF EGGS, AND CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT OF EGGS OF VIRGIN FEMALES OF THE GRASSHOPPERMELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES
Authors: Smith D. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVirgin females ofMelanoplus sanguinipes(Fabricius) crowded in cages laid normal egg pods whereas solitary ones did not. An average of 8.3 pods per female were laid at a rate of 0.12 pod per female-day. This is less than those laid by fertilized females, and the difference seems to be in the rate of mobilization of materials for the eggs; 56.5% of the eggs showed no development. The remainder developed to varying stages and 5.6% hatched. Diploid, haploid, and subdiploid chromosome numbers were found in parthenogenetic embryonic tissue.
THE BIOLOGIES OF PSEUDOHYLESINUS TSUGAE AND P. GRANDIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN WESTERN HEMLOCK
Authors: McGhehey J. H. , Nagel W. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life histories of Pseudohylesinus tsugae Swaine and P. grandis Swaine were investigated in young coastal stands of western hemlock. Both P. tsugae and P. grandis had one generation a year with two broods and four larval instars. P. grandis usually overwintered as a teneral adult and P. tsugae as a fourth instar larva. Within thinned stands P. tsugae preferred fresh stumps for breeding material, whereas P. grandis preferred fresh slash. The adult females of both species fed in the inner-bark region of standing, live host trees before initiating egg galleries in slash or stumps.
EFFECT OF DIETARY SERINE ON SURVIVAL AND RATE OF DEVELOPMENT OFORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS(COLEOPTERA: SILVANIDAE)
Authors: Davis G. R. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNewly hatchedOryzaephilus surinamensis(L.) were reared on a chemically-defined diet at 32 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Addition of serine to the diet containing glycine was not beneficial to the insect and became harmful at a concentration greater than 10.0 mg/g. Serine was able to replace glycine almost completely in the glycine-free diet for this insect. The results suggest that glycine, but not alanine or threonine, is the precursor for serine biosynthesis inO.surinamensis. They also suggest that serine and glycine are not completely interconvertible by this organism.
THE AMOUNT OF FOLIAGE CONSUMED OR DESTROYED BY LABORATORY-REARED LARVAE OF THE BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM, ACLERIS VARIANA
Authors: Werner Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSitka spruce produces twice as many needles per linear inch of twig as western hemlock. Defoliation by the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.), is more severe on hemlock than spruce because of differences in the phenological development of the hosts and in the feeding behavior of first- and second-instar larvae on each of the hosts.
LIFE HISTORY, HABITS, AND DAMAGE OF CHRYSOBOTHRIS ORONO (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) ON RED PINE IN MICHIGAN
Authors: Wilson Louis F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChrysobothris orono Frost, a buprestid which attacks living red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.), has a 2-year life cycle and two separate broods in Michigan. Adults emerge from May to July. The eggs are laid singly, usually on the southwest side of a tree; the fifth and sixth whorls from the top are the preferred oviposition sites. Larval eclosion usually occurs in early June. Each larva excavates a cell in the bark and causes the flowing pitch to coagulate into a large pitch mass. The first three instars feed in the bark and the last two instars feed in the xylem. Advanced larvae may reach the fourth instar by fall of the first year; overwintering occurs in the third and fourth instars. The fifth instar, which appears in the spring of the second year, bores a short L-shaped gallery in the xylem and plugs it with frass and wood chips to form a pupal cell. It pupates in the spring of the third year. Adults emerge by chewing through the plug and pitch mass. The bark cell and xylem gallery seldom injure the tree directly, but they remain as defects in the bole after the wounds have healed. Because damage is slight and the insect population low, C. orono is not likely to become an important forest pest.
THE EFFECT OF PREDATOR AGE ON THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS TO THE PREY SIZE OF GALLERIA MELLONELLA
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , LeRoux E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments were carried out to determine the effect of age on the functional response of the pentatomid predator Podisus maculiventris (Say), reared in a simple glass jar universe on different prey sizes of Galleria mellonella (L.). Holling’s (1959) ’disc’ equation accurately described the predator’s response at all prey sizes up to 50 days of life. For nymphs, the calculated ’rate of discovery’, a, increased as the predator age increased, but the time of handling prey, b, decreased; for both adult males and females, these calculated values increased gradually up to the 50th day. The relationship between predator age and numbers of prey killed, and predator age and amount of prey body contents consumed (food consumption), was linear at all prey sizes, but mainly negatively so. Prey size was an important component of the predation process for all stages of the predator.It is concluded that ’hunger’ is an important parameter of the attack model since the degree of predator satiation bears directly on b-type activities which in turn affects a-type activities. These findings indicate that under field conditions P. maculiventris will kill more small-sized lepidopterous prey larvae than large-sized ones, and that, because of the greater prey defense of the latter, their survival from predator attacks will increase. These actions may be of considerable importance in the survival of lepidopterous host species.
EFFECT OF FOOD AVAILABILITY ON RATES OF LOSS OF 45CALCIUM FROM HYPHANTRIA CUNEA (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE)
Authors: Coleman David C. , Monk Carl D. , Callahan J. Thomas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFinal instar larvae of fall webworms, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), were labelled to equilibrium levels on persimmon leaves containing 45Ca. Loss rates of 45Ca from the larvae were followed in the laboratory after either feeding larvae on unlabelled leaves, or starving other larvae.Initial loss-rate characteristics were different in the two feeding treatments, but biological half-lives were not significantly changed. Feeding shifts the time at which the lower loss-rate comes into effect.
NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN FEEDING HABITS IN EMPIDIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Downes J. A. , Smith S. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMost Empididae are predators on living insects, but a few instances of other feeding habits have been discovered. It is shown thatAnthalia bulbosa(Ocydromiinae) eats the pollen of several flowers, and other possible cases of pollen-eating in Ocydromiinae and Empidinae are discussed.Micropborus obscurus(Empidinae) feeds on dead insects trapped in spiders’ webs, in agreement with Laurence’s finding forM.crassipes; and several reports of Clinoceratinae feeding on dead insects at the water’s edge are assembled. This diversity of feeding habit finds a parallel in Ceratopogonidae.In Empididae the protein-rich meal, whether of insect prey, dead insects, or dead pollen, is taken in typical cases by both males and females, as would be expected on systematic grounds. The sexual differentiation of hunting and feeding habits (males hunting, perhaps not feeding; females non-hunting, receiving prey by transfer at mating) is a specialized feature restricted to theEmpis–Hilara–Rhamphomyiagroup (Empidinae).