bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Kelley Carol Genet , Daly Barbara J. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo review the literature on and describe approaches to implementing health promotion and disease prevention practices in the inpatient setting.Data sourcesComprehensive review of nursing and medical literature, clinical practice guidelines, and U.S. government documents.ConclusionsPreventive screening has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality from many diseases. Health promotion and disease prevention activities form the foundation of practice for many nurse practitioners (NPs). As increasing numbers of NPs begin to practice in the acute care setting, it is important they incorporate prevention into the inpatient setting.Implications for practiceBecause there are many barriers that impact appropriate preventive screening, health care providers must take advantage of every patient encounter including those in the inpatient setting. Although it may not be feasible to actually perform certain screening exams while a patient is hospitalized, it is feasible in many cases to take a few minutes to review recommended preventive screening.
College Students' Attitudes and Beliefs about the Consequences of Smoking: Development and Normative Scores of a New Scale
Authors: Budd Geri M. , Preston Deborah Bray 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo develop an instrument that could be used to assist young adults to determine their perceived consequences about cigarette smoking. The new instrument consisted of 27 items measuring attitudes about smoking selected from the literature and evaluated by experts.Data SourcesThe instrument was administered to a convenience sample of 172 undergraduate college students. Psychometric assessment using an exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors (subscales) that explained 48.1% of the variance. These were labeled attitudes and beliefs about smoking related to emotional benefits, health hazards, self‐confidence, and body image.ConclusionsStatistically significant differences between mean scores of smokers and nonsmokers were found on attitudes and beliefs about the benefits of smoking related to emotional benefits, self‐con‐fidence, and body image; smokers' answers indicated that they perceived these as positive consequences of their smoking behavior.Implications for PracticeThe newly constructed instrument may be a useful assessment of college students' reasons for smoking. This approach offers new hope for successful cessation counseling and for smoking prevention programs. Currently anti‐smoking methods emphasize the health hazards of cigarette smoking and have not been sufficient in reducing the rate of smoking in the young adult population. Some young people may use smoking as a strategy for dealing with stressful situations, weight control, and lack of self‐confidence. Thus, smoking cessation programs should also include strategies to use in place of smoking during periods when stress and lack of self‐confidence are high.
Reducing Needle‐Stick Injuries with the Use of 2‐Octyl Cyanoacrylates for Laceration Repair
Authors: Gordon Catherine A. 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSETo describe the effectiveness of 2‐octyl cyanoacrylates (2‐OCA) for repair of lacerations, reduction of needle‐stick injuries to health care providers, patient satisfaction, and overall cost reduction.DATA SOURCESA descriptive study of typical lacerations (N=38) presenting to a suburban urgent care center.CONCLUSIONSWound approximation was complete (92.1%); with no erythema, drainage, or warmth (100%) and patients were satisfied (87%) and preferred 2‐OCA (91%). No needle stick injuries occurred (100%) to providers or ancillary staff.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE2‐Octyl cyanoacrylates tissue adhesive effectively closes and heals wounds without infection, pain, or erythema. Health care providers can prevent the risk of blood and body fluid exposure from needle‐stick injuries through the use of 2‐OCA tissue adhesive.
Promoting Health in Older Adults: A Four‐Year Analysis
Authors: Resnick Barbara 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to consider the influence of selected health promotion and disease prevention interventions in elderly residents of a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) over a four‐year period by comparing actual health promotion practices of the residents.DATA SOURCESOriginal research using a descriptive design, face‐to‐face interviews of residents (N=176‐200), chart reviews, and administration of a minimental state exam (MMSE) and health survey administered annually.CONCLUSIONSIn each year the mean age of the residents was at least 85, the majority were female, Caucasian, and unmarried. With the exception of checking stools for occult blood, there was a statistically significant change in all health promotion behaviors over the four‐year period. The most significant change was in the area of exercise behavior, which increased from 24% of the residents participating in regular exercise in year one to 61% by year four.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThe purpose of health promotion and disease prevention in older adults is to reduce the potential years of life lost in premature mortality and ensure better quality of remaining life. In addition to regularly scheduled interventions (group education, on‐site administration of pneumonia and flu vaccines, on‐site exercise room and walking group), individualized counseling regarding the pros and cons of health‐promotion activities was provided to help residents make an educated decision about engaging in these activities. These interventions can be used to help facilitate participation in health promotion activities as appropriate and desired for each older adult.
Inhalational Anthrax: Threat, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment
Authors: Schumann Lorna , Henry Leslie 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSETo provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with a basic understanding of clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and post‐exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax.DATA SOURCESSelected research and clinical articles and government guidelines.CONCLUSIONSInhalational anthrax has an incubation period of 1 to 6 days and is very difficult to diagnose early. The chest radiograph consistently reveals a widened mediastinum and pleural effusion without infiltrates. Mortality for inhalational anthrax is high, despite aggressive treatment after onset of symptoms. Delays in diagnosis contribute to the high mortality rate.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEThe potential use of aerosolized anthrax as a biological warfare weapon has renewed interest in inhalational anthrax. Primary care providers are cornerstones in the defense against biological weapons because they may be the first to recognize and report suspicious cases.
Worth Their Weight in Gold: The Role of Clinical Coordinator in a Family Nurse Practitioner Program
Authors: Sobralske Mary , Naegele Lisa M. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo identify key functions and responsibilities of the role of clinical coordinator in a family nurse practitioner (FNP) program.Data SourcesRecent articles, research, and interviews with other faculty serving as clinical coordinators in FNP programs at five other universities.ConclusionsClinical coordinators are extremely valuable members of the NP education team; they are worth their weight in gold. They support NP programs by assisting in the coordination of student‐oriented placement and needs‐based clinical activities, in the recruitment and retention of preceptors and clinical agencies, and in providing updated information related to various student resources.Implications for PracticeIt is important that this complex and valuable role be better understood and appreciated by university administrators and other faculty. Clinical coordination in a distance learning program can take up to three fourths release time for a faculty. The role of the clinical coordinator is diverse, not easily learned, and requires proficiency in academic advising, administration, and clinical supervision.
Management of a Patient with Post‐polio Syndrome
Authors: Halbritter LCDR Terry 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo describe the current understanding of the management of patients with post‐polio syn‐drome (PPS) and relate the research to a case study.Data SourcesStandard neurology textbooks, current review and research articles, and a case study.ConclusionsMore than 15 years following a diagnosis of poliomyelitis, a new onset of weakness, fatigue, joint pain, decreased endurance, muscle atrophy, gait disturbance, respiratory and swallowing problems, cold intolerance, and difficulties with activities of daily living might indicate a neurologic disorder called PPS.Implications for PracticeNon‐post‐polio causes of weakness, fatigue or pain must be excluded before making a diag‐nosis of PPS. Approaches to management vary depending on the symptoms and level of disability. Reducing physical and emotional stress, energy conservation, adequate rest, modification of work and home environments, joint protection, and the use of orthoses, adaptive equipment, or mobility aids can reduce fatigue and preserve function.
Emergency contraception: Profiles of women using Plan B in a small Midwestern U.S. community
Authors: Ahonen Kathleen A. , Buchman Debra 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to describe (a) a population of emergency contraceptive (EC) users, (b) frequency of use of EC in a calendar year, and (c) frequency of follow‐up visits to establish routine contraception.Data sources: Retrospective chart review of 436 women aged 12–50 years visiting a Midwestern family planning clinic for EC services during 2004–2005.Conclusions: Users were primarily Caucasian (94.2%), single or single with a significant other (95.1%), young (68.1% aged 19 and under), and nulligravidas (89.4%). Few (10.4%) returned for repeat use of EC within the same calendar year. One third returned for a follow‐up visit to establish routine contraceptive use. No significant differences in the occurrence of a follow‐up visit were found among age, income, or education groups.Implications for practice: The youth of the sample underscores the need for providers to discuss EC with adolescents, who continue to need a prescription to access EC. The low repeat use of EC is consistent with international data and supports the use of EC as a back‐up method for routine, ongoing contraceptive users. It is important for nurse practitioners to provide accurate information and access to EC, proactively, as part of ongoing health and wellness education to all reproductive‐aged women.
Planning, surveillance, and reporting for pandemic influenza: A briefing for advanced practice nurses
Authors: Hoffman Danielle F. , Nannini Angela 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPurpose: To provide advanced practice nurses (APNs) with information necessary to participate in pandemic influenza planning and response. Key epidemiological terms and pandemic alert designations are reviewed. Influenza surveillance activities at the local, state, and national levels are summarized. Responsibilities of the APN are discussed, and resources are provided.Data sources: Review of the published literature, epidemiology text books, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) Pandemic Influenza Plan, state pandemic influenza plans, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and USDHHS Internet resources.Conclusions: Recent public health emergencies have brought to light the need for APNs to become educated regarding emergency planning and response. APNs should be familiar with terminology, current activities, and potential responsibilities.Implications for practice: Resources presented in this article will help prepare APNs to participate in planning and response activities for pandemic influenza.
Original Article: Molecular and demographic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients admitted to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand, 2007
Authors: Boonyasuppayakorn Siwaporn , Kowitdamrong Ekasit , Bhattarakosol Parvapan 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Boonyasuppayakorn et al. (2010) Molecular and demographic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital admitted patients, Thailand, 2007. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(5), 313–323.Objectives:  To preliminary preview the molecular character and its possible clinical correlation of RSV subgroups in Thailand.Design:  Cross‐sectional analytic design.Setting:  Admitted acute lower respiratory tract infection patients of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, during Jun–Dec, 2007 were recruited.Sample:  Nasopharyngeal aspirations were collected.Main outcome measures:  All samples were analyzed for the presence of RSV glycoprotein G gene by reverse transcription PCR. Molecular character of each subgroup was determined by sequencing. Admission records were also analyzed for clinical correlations.Results:  Equal infectivity and severity of both RSV subgroups to the patients was shown. Mixed infection was shown to be as common as each single infection, higher than previously reported. GA2 of subgroup A and BA‐IV of subgroup B were the most widespread genotypes and showed their monophyletic origins. From admission records, either type of infection did not show significantly preference in demographic record or clinical severity. Comorbidity, however, was statistically significant that more congenital heart disease was found in negative RSV cases, while more chronic pulmonary disease was in positive cases. Nevertheless, the clinical severity was insignificantly different suggesting that only patients with chronic pulmonary underlying were prone to be infected with RSV.Conclusions:  This preliminary RSV study showed prevalence of subgroups, types of infection, and common genotypes in an epidemic, uncorrelated to demography or clinical severity.
Original Article: A composite epidemic curve for seasonal influenza in Canada with an international comparison
Authors: Schanzer Dena L. , Langley Joanne M. , Dummer Trevor , Viboud Cecile , Tam Theresa W. S. 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as:Schanzeret al.(2010) A composite epidemic curve for seasonal influenza in Canada with an international comparison. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(5), 295–306.Background Empirical data on laboratory‐confirmed seasonal influenza is limited by very low and possibly non‐systematic case ascertainment as well as geographical variation.Objective To provide a visual representation of an influenza epidemic at the community and regional level using empirical data and to describe the epidemic characteristics.Methods Weekly influenza A confirmations were obtained from the Canadian FluWatch program and American FluView program for the 1997/1998–2006/2007 seasons; 1‐ year data were also available for Europe (FluNet, WHO). For seasons where at least 80% of the influenza A strains were antigenically similar, a composite epidemic curve was created by centring the local epidemics relative to their epidemic midpoint.Results The range in timing of the regional peaks varied from 5 to 13 weeks. Once the epidemic curves were centred relative to their peak, the composite epidemic curves were similar for Canada, the United States and Europe, and the epidemic growth rates were similar for most subgroups (city size; regions; H1N1 versus H3N2 seasons). During the exponential growth period, the number of cases increased by a factor of 1·5–2·0 per week, averaging 1·8. Exponential growth was evident approximately 10 weeks before the peak. Evidence of sustained transmission occurred from mid‐September to early June.Discussion The shape of the composite curve created in this study clearly demonstrates a consistency in the epidemic pattern across geographically disparate locales. Laboratory confirmation will likely play an increasing role in the development of better methods for early detection and summary measures of influenza activity.
The Szlonzokian Ethnolect in the Context of German and Polish Nationalisms1
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article analyzes the emergence of the Szlonzokian ethnic group or proto‐nation in the context of the use of language as an instrument of nationalism in Central Europe. When language was legislated into the statistical measure of nationality in the second half of the nineteenth century, Berlin pressured the Slavophone Catholic peasant‐cum‐worker population of Upper Silesia to become ‘proper Germans’. Polish ennationalizing pressure was added after the division of Upper Silesia between Poland and Germany in 1922. Ennationalizing policies changed in 1939 when the entire region was reincorporated into wartime Germany and, again, in 1945 following Poland's annexation of Upper Silesia. Frequent border changes, ennationalizing pressures and communism solidified the Szlonzoks into a cohesive group through alienating them vis‐à‐vis Polishdom and Germandom. Since 1989 those Szlonzoks who have obtained German passports without leaving Poland declare themselves Germans, whereas the majority who have not and who feel to have been abused by the Polish state, declare themselves Szlonzoks. The latter increasingly express their identity in national terms.
Why Orthodoxy? Religion and Nationalism in Greek Political Culture
Authors: Chrysoloras Nikos 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is a contribution to the analysis of Helleno‐Christian nationalism in Greece. It seeks to investigate the reasons for the politicization of religion and the Church, to account for the production, development and propagation of religious nationalism and the sacralisation of politics in this country, and explain the paradoxical way in which the Greek Church was constructed as a nationalist political and cultural institution, while its canonical tradition, the Gospel, and its Byzantine past were inherently ecumenical in character. The aim of the article is to offer a coherent and convincing narrative about the political processes whereby the Helleno‐Christian ideology attained a hegemonic status in Greek political culture, and account for the present eminence of this prominent type of Greek nationalism, by ‘blending’ the theoretical frameworks of ethno‐symbolism and discourse theory.
Fixing the Frontiers? Ethnography, Power Politics and the Delimitation of Albania, 1912 to 1914
Authors: Guy Nicola C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe London Conference (1912–1913) of the ambassadors of the six European great powers, the Triple Entente of France, Russia and Britain, and the Triple Alliance (or Triplice) of Germany, Austria and Italy, was initially convened in an attempt to impose a settlement on the belligerents of the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 to prevent the Balkan conflict from escalating into a general European war. As part of this effort, the ambassadors had responsibility for delimitating Albanian+ boundaries. They decided to do this on the basis of ethnography, which for them meant language, specifically the mother tongue of the population or the language spoken within the family. However, the great powers were not entirely committed to these ethnic objectives and compromised them according to their own political interests, espousing ethnographical arguments only when they supported or reinforced their own strategic ones. This paper studies the socalled ‘fixing’ of Albanian frontiers during the Conference and subsequent boundary commissions. It examines the interests involved, arguments used and the problems faced. Furthermore, it discusses the reasons for the settlements. It evaluates the ethnographical basis of the frontiers established, and considers the resumption of Albanian frontier discussions during the First World War (1914–918) and at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920). The paper argues that the ‘fixing of Albanian frontiers’ promoted the objectives of the six European powers, as opposed to the ethnographic dimensions as professed.
The Clash of Identities: An Analysis of the Causes of Salafi Jihadi Terrorism with Reference to Jemaah Islamiyah
Authors: Staunton Dirk 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGlobalisation is affecting communities of people in sometimes surprising ways. One such impact of globalisation has been on the Islamic identity of salafi jihadi groups. Globalisation is driving a decontextualised and deculturalised conception of Islam within salafi jihadi organisations and this fuels identity conflicts with other Muslim groups based on competition between cultural and ‘anticultural’ forces. This identity conflict culminates in terrorism as a rational and political attempt to ‘securitise’ group identities that are under attack. This paper seeks to shed light on what is animating salafi jihadi terrorism and examines the Indonesian organisation Jemaah Islamiyah as a case study. The paper concludes that globalisation is leaving a ‘footprint’ on societies, influencing political and religious movements and inflaming identity conflicts, and that this leads to terrorism. It is thus important that theorists develop detailed proposals to offset the negative impacts of globalisation on global security.
Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China's Response in Combat of Epidemics
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Won 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand the role of nationalism in China's policy towards the combat of emerging infectious diseases. By locating nationalism as a factor which facilitates or impedes global governance and international collaboration, this paper explores how nationalism influences China's political decision‐making. Given her historical experience, China has in its national psyche an impulse never to become ‘the sick man of the East’ again. Today, China's willingness to co‐operate with international bodies emanates out of reputational concerns rather than technical‐medical considerations. This was clearly manifested in her handling of two epidemics in recent years: the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and HIV/AIDS episodes. This paper concludes that China's nationalism plays an inhibiting role in China's attempts to further incorporate herself into the architecture of global health governance in the long run.
Symbol Interdependency in Symbolic and Embodied Cognition
Authors: Louwerse Max M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhether computational algorithms such as latent semantic analysis (LSA) can both extract meaning from language and advance theories of human cognition has become a topic of debate in cognitive science, whereby accounts of symbolic cognition and embodied cognition are often contrasted. Albeit for different reasons, in both accounts the importance of statistical regularities in linguistic surface structure tends to be underestimated. The current article gives an overview of the symbolic and embodied cognition accounts and shows how meaning induction attributed to a specific statistical process or to activation of embodied representations should be attributed to language itself. Specifically, the performance of LSA can be attributed to the linguistic surface structure, more than special characteristics of the algorithm, and embodiment findings attributed to perceptual simulations can be explained by distributional linguistic information.