bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIAL BIOACTIVITY OF CONOPHTHORIN ON FOUR SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Huber Dezene P.W. , Borden John H. , Jeans-Williams Nicole L. , Gries Regine 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe angiosperm bark volatile, conophthorin, was tested at release rates of 3.0 and 0.3 mg/24 h against the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), the pine engraver, Ips pint (Say), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine (all Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The responses of D. pseudotsugae, I. pini, and (in one of two experiments) female D. confusus to attractant-baited traps were disrupted by conophthorin in a dose-dependent manner. Dendroctonus rufipennis was not disrupted by conophthorin. Our results extend the repellent bioactivity of conophthorin to Ips DeGeer spp. and confirm earlier experiments with D. pseudotsugae. Conophthorin may have some utility in protecting susceptible timber from bark beetle attack.
SEX PHEROMONE BLEND OF THE PANDORA MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIIDAE), AN OUTBREAK PEST IN PINE FORESTS (PINACEAE)
Authors: McElfresh J. Steven , Chen Xin , Ross Darrell W. , Millar Jocelyn G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe female-produced sex pheromone blend of the pandora moth,Coloradia pandora pandoraBlake, a pest responsible for periodic defoliation of pine forests in the western United States, has been identified. The pheromone consisted of a mixture ofE10,Z12-hexadecadienal,E10,Z12-hexadecadienyl acetate, andE10,E12-hexadecadienyl acetate. All three components were essential for optimal attraction.E10,Z12-Hexadecadienol, tentatively identified in trace amounts in pheromone gland extracts, elicited strong responses from male antennae in coupled gas chromatography – electroantennogram analyses but had no apparent effect as a pheromone component at physiologically relevant levels. Hexadecanal, octadecanal, and hexadecyl acetate also were identified in extracts of female pheromone glands but elicited no responses from male antennae, nor did they appear to be components of the attractant blend. In field trials, each trap baited with the optimized three-component blend ofE10,Z12-hexadecadienal,E10,Z12-hexadecadienyl acetate, andE10,E12-hexadecadienyl acetate captured an average of more than 40 male moths per night.
EVIDENCE FOR SONIC COMMUNICATION IN THE GERMAN COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA: BLATTELLIDAE)
Authors: Mistal Craig , Takács Stephen , Gries Gerhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOur objective was to test the hypothesis that late-instar nymph, male, and (or) female German cockroaches,Blattella germanica(L.), use sonic signals for intraspecific communication. A digital-recording system was assembled that consisted of a computer equipped with data-acquisition hardware and software, microphones sensitive to sonic and ultrasonic frequencies, and speakers capable of emitting sonic and ultrasonic sound. Sound was repeatedly recorded from groups of five nymphs, five virgin males, or five virgin females. Click-type sounds were commonly present in recordings from nymphs, and consisted of sound pulses of about 10-ms duration and peak frequencies of 7, 9, 11, and 14 kHz. Similar "clicks" were found in recordings from females. In replicated binary choice arena bioassays with individual laboratory-reared insects, played-back "clicks" from nymphs or females or computer-generated artificial clicks attracted nymphs but not males or females. These results provide the first evidence that sonic signals are part of the complexB.germanicacommunication system.
Diversity ofPlacusa(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) in Canada, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan , Pelletier Georges , Germain Carole , Hébert Christian , Humble Lee M. , Winchester Neville N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Canadian species of the genusPlacusaErichson are reviewed. Eight species are recorded, of which four constitute new Canadian records (P.despectaErichson,P.incompletaSjöberg,P.petulansCasey, andP.vagaCasey) and two are new to science (P.pseudosuecicaKlimaszewskisp.nov., andP.canadensisKlimaszewskisp.nov.).Placusa turbataCasey, one of the two species previously recorded from British Columbia, is here considered a synonym ofP.tachyporoides(Waltl) and is reported for the first time from eastern Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec). New data are provided on the systematics, distribution, bionomics, and relationships of selected North American species. A key to the species occurring in Canada is presented with illustrations of the median lobe of the aedeagus, spermatheca, male tergite 8, antennae, and outline drawings of the head and adult forebody for each species. Selected Palearctic species are also illustrated for easy comparison with the closely related Nearctic species. The Canadian distribution is presented on contour maps, and world distribution is discussed for all species. The following lectotypes are designated for the Nearctic species which were described from more than one specimen without former holotype designation: Casey (1893, 1911):P.frosti,P.strata,P.tacomae,P.turbata; Erichson (1840):P.despecta; and Sachse (1852):Oxypoda minutaSachse.Oxypoda minutais transferred to the genusPlacusaand newly synonymized withP.despectaErichson (1840).
Host-plant range and parasitoids of obliquebanded and three-lined leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Vakenti J.M. , Cossentine J.E. , Cooper B.E. , Sharkey M.J. , Yoshimoto C.M. , Jensen L.B.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEighteen parasitoid species were found associated with obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and three-lined leafroller, Pandemis limitata Robinson, from 1982 to 1984, on apple and other host plants in the southern interior of British Columbia. The leafroller parasitoids included a Glypta Gravenhorst species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Diadegma eureka (Ashmead) and Diadegma interruptum pterophorae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Hemisturmia tortricis (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tachinidae). The two leafroller species were found on 18 wild host plants from 10 plant families.
Description of last instar and pupa ofPyropyg nigricans(Coleoptera: Lampyridae, Photinini) and comparison with larvae of other Photinini genera
Authors: Archangelsky Miguel , Branham Marc A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe last instar and pupa ofPyropyga nigricans(Say, 1823) are described, illustrated, and compared to those ofPyropyga modestaGreen, 1961; these species differ in the color pattern of the pronotum and abdominal tergites, and the morphology of the maxilla and labium. Larvae of the genusPyropygaMotschulsky, 1852 are compared to those of the generaLamprohizaMotschulsky, 1853,LucidotaLeConte, 1833, andPhosphaenusLaporte, 1833 (all belonging to the tribe Photinini but to different subtribes); on the basis of general body shape and morphology of the head capsule, antennae, and mouthparts, larvae of the genusPyropygaseem more closely related to those of the genusLucidotathan to those of the other two genera.
Occurrence of late-emerging populations of the blueberry maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Teixeira L.A.F. , Polavarapu S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMonitoring of adult flight patterns of the blueberry maggot fly, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, in New Jersey, indicated that the adults are active over a much longer period than previously reported. Captures on Pherocon AM traps over two seasons in wild sites and commercial fields of highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae), showed that adult flies are present for most of the period from early July to early November. Trap captures in wild sites peaked during July–August, whereas in some commercial fields, peak captures were recorded in September. Emergence patterns were determined by collecting pupae from a wild site and a commercial field at the time of peak fruit infestation. The following year, the wild-site and commercial-field populations showed distinct emergence periods that were in broad agreement with trap captures at these locations. Comparison of an allozyme locus, using individuals collected in commercial blueberry fields, both on Pherocon AM traps and from infested fruit, confirmed that these populations were R. mendax and not any of the sibling species with a similar flight period. These data show that there are considerable phenological differences between some R. mendax populations. Given this plasticity, current debates on evolutionary mechanisms in flies of the genus Rhagoletis Loew should consider that the flight period of R. mendax is probably neither a major limiting factor in the use of hosts with different fruiting schedules nor an effective premating isolation mechanism with respect to other sibling species.
Preference of Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) parent adults and shoot-feeding progeny adults for three pine species
Authors: Siegert Nathan W. , McCullough Deborah G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHost preference of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), was investigated in two laboratory choice test studies using red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) (Pinaceae), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Host preference of parent adult beetles was evaluated using freshly cut, similarly sized logs in a wind tunnel. Parent beetles colonized Scotch pine logs significantly more often when given a choice of Scotch pine and either red pine or jack pine logs, but did not show a preference when presented with red pine and jack pine logs. Host preference of progeny adults was tested in a laboratory bioassay using current-year pine shoots. Shoot-feeding progeny adults initiated tunnels in jack pine shoots significantly more often than in Scotch pine and red pine shoots, and preferred Scotch pine over red pine shoots. Shoots with diameters of 0.4–0.5 cm were attacked most frequently, regardless of species. Results suggest that the two North American pines are suitable hosts, but T. piniperda may be most likely to colonize Scotch pine, a European species. Efforts to detect or monitor T. piniperda populations in the Great Lakes and northeastern regions should focus on areas with abundant Scotch pine brood material. Progeny that emerge from brood material, however, may be as likely to shoot-feed in jack pine as in Scotch pine.
Flagellar microstructures of male tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae): implications for systematics and functional morphology
Authors: Freitag R. , Hartwick A. , Singh A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA comparison of appressed teeth-like structures, coined tempers, on the flagellum of the male internal sac among 10 North American and one Asian species of tiger beetles is consistent with earlier proposed genera of Cicindela Linné, ranked here as subgenera. Based on scanning electron photomicrographs, observations revealed that the flagellum has a single groove along its whole length, with tempers in the groove, and for most species tempers are present only on one side of the ungrooved flagellar surface; tempers point basally (proximally) both on the flagellar surface and within the flagellar groove; and a distributional pattern of the tempers appears to be unique to each subgenus. The species Cicindela punctulata Olivier and Cicindela lepida Dejean have a lumen in place of a flagellar groove, the former with tempers on the ungrooved flagellar surface and the latter without. Tempers on the ungrooved surface of the flagellum are assumed to grip the inner wall of the spermathecal duct while penetrated by the flagellum during insemination or preinsemination clearing. The presence of tempers on one side of the flagellum promotes rapid, smooth insertion and removal of the flagellum from the duct. It is proposed that tempers of the flagellar groove assist the flow of seminal materials to the spermatheca by guiding the narrow neck of the spermatophore into the spermathecal duct while the flagellum is inserted.
Description of Caenoephemera shangyuanensis, gen.nov., sp.nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation
Authors: Lin Qi-Bin , Huang Di-Ying 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA fossil mayfly nymph Caenoephemera shangyuanensis, gen.nov., sp.nov., discovered in the lower part of the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Jianshangou, Beipiao district, West Liaoning, China, is described. It has several archaic features typical of Paleozoic mayfly nymphs, such as 5 tarsal segments and hind wing pads not covered by fore wing pads, but also exhibits specialized modern features, such as a short metathorax, abdominal tracheal gills, and cerci. It appears to be intermediate in structure between Paleozoic and extant mayfly nymphs.
Modification of the sex-pheromone communication system associated with organophosphorus-insecticide resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf M. , Fraser H.M. , Trimble R.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe pheromone communication systems of azinphosmethyl-susceptible (susceptible) and azinphosmethyl-resistant (resistant) obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), from the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario, were compared in the laboratory and field. The pheromone glands of resistant females contained approximately one-half as much (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH), and (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Al) as the glands of susceptible females. A similar amount of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac) was found in the glands of the two types of females. The pheromone effluvium from resistant females contained approximately one-half as much Z11-14:Ac, E11-14:Ac, Z11-14:OH, and Z11-14:Al as the effluvium from susceptible females. The onset and duration of female calling and the effect of age on calling were similar in susceptible and resistant C. rosaceana. In an apple orchard, traps baited with resistant females captured approximately one-half as many marked and released susceptible and resistant males as traps baited with susceptible females. There was no difference in the response of antennae from susceptible and resistant males to synthetic Z11-14:Ac and E11-14:Ac. The antennae of resistant males were less sensitive to Z11-14:OH and Z11-14:Al than the antennae of susceptible males. In a flight tunnel, pheromone-gland extracts from susceptible and resistant females, and calling susceptible and resistant females, were equally attractive to both susceptible and resistant males. In an apple orchard, the rate of capture of marked and released susceptible males was greater than that of resistant males in traps baited with susceptible females, but not in traps baited with resistant females or in traps baited with synthetic pheromone. The reduced ability to locate virgin females suggests that the presence of resistant males in an apple orchard may result in a reduction in the capture of moths in pheromone-baited traps. The reduction in trap catch was likely not caused by resistant females because they were less attractive to males than susceptible females and would therefore, in theory, compete less with traps for males than susceptible females. The differences observed in the pheromone communication systems of susceptible and resistant C. rosaceana are likely pleotropic effects associated with the selection for insecticide resistance.
Genetic variability and expression of phenological and morphological differences in populations of Delia radicum (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Biron D.G. , Coderre D. , Boivin G. , Brunel E. , Nénon J.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study, survival to adult stage, duration of development of the immature stages, egg micromorphology, DNA polymorphism, and reproductive compatibility were measured for early- and late-emerging phenotypes of Delia radicum Linneaus to determine whether both phenotypes had evolved differences other than the duration of puparial development and to find the most likely genetic system controlling the expression of both phenotypes. Survival to adult stage was not significantly different between the early- and late-emerging phenotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers tested suggest that it is possible to distinguish an early-emerging fly from a late-emerging fly. Furthermore, the results suggest that the early- and late-emerging phenotypes differ not only in the timing of adult emergence but also in their egg structure (egg micromorphology) and in their larval and puparial mortality. These two phenotypes are not reproductively or ecologically isolated. The genetic system controlling the expression of early and late emergers in a population of D. radicum is probably an adaptive strategy reducing predator and parasitoid pressures, optimizing resource utilization, and ensuring survival of D. radicum during atypical winters. This strategy could eventually lead to temporal sympatric speciation if there are changes in a few key loci responsible for host plant selection and fitness on a new host.
Effect of greenhouse polyethelene covering on activity level and photo-response of bumble bees
Authors: Morandin Lora A. , Laverty Terence M. , Gegear Robert J. , Kevan Peter G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe conducted laboratory experiments assessing the relationship between commercial greenhouse polyethylene coverings and bumble bee, Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), activity and loss from ventilation systems. Bee activity was measured in four small greenhouses, each with a different polyethylene covering. Bee activity was quantified using photodiode tunnels mounted in the hive entrances. Contrary to commercial greenhouse experiments, there was no difference in bee activity based on covering type. There was a positive linear relationship between temperature in the experimental greenhouses and bee activity. The potential for bee loss through open ventilation systems for five covering types was quantified using a Y-maze decision box. Bees were more attracted to direct light than to light transmitted through ultraviolet (UV) blocking coverings, whereas bees were equally attracted to direct light as they were to UV-transmitting coverings. These experiments suggest that greenhouses with UV-transmitting plastics may result in less bee loss through ventilation systems.
Potential for pheromone-baited traps to predict seed loss caused by Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Morewood P. , Morewood W.D. , Bennett R.G. , Gries G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), located in Washington State and Oregon, United States, we tested whether catches of male Douglas-fir cone gall midges, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, in pheromone-baited traps can be used to predict the extent of galled scales (= seed loss at harvest) caused by developing larvae. In 2000, 27 experimental blocks (4–7 ha each) were selected. In each block we recorded mean numbers of (i) male C. oregonensis captured in 20 pheromone-baited Wing traps, (ii) egg-infested scales in up to 50 conelets in early spring, and (iii) galled scales in up to 50 cones in late summer. In 2001, the experiment was repeated with 20 Delta traps in each of 26 experimental blocks. Moreover, catches of C. oregonensis and nontarget insects in Delta traps and Wing traps were compared in one additional orchard block in 2001. In both years there were positive correlations between mean numbers of egg-infested and galled scales and between mean numbers of captured male C. oregonensis and mean numbers of both egg-infested and galled scales, particularly when only experimental blocks with ≥50% of trees bearing at least 5 conelets were considered. Our results suggest that 4 or 2 captured male C. oregonensis in Wing or Delta traps, respectively, warrant insecticidal control of C. oregonensis. Delta traps, which captured fewer nontarget insects, would be more suitable than Wing traps for operational implementation of this technology.
Assemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized byIps pini(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its microbial symbionts in western Montana
Authors: Boone Celia K. , Six Diana L. , Krauth Steven J. , Raffa Kenneth F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractColonization of a tree by bark beetles and their symbionts creates a new habitat for a diverse assemblage of arthropods, including competing herbivores, xylophages, fungivores, saprophages, predators, and parasitoids. Understanding these assemblages is important for evaluating nontarget effects of various management tactics and for subsequently evaluating how changes in climate, the presence of invasive species, and altered forestry practices and land-use tenure may affect biodiversity. We characterized the assemblage of hymenopterans attracted to logs of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosaC. Lawson (Pinaceae)) colonized by the bark beetleIps pini(Say) and its microbial symbionts. In one experiment, the composition and relative abundances of species arriving at hosts colonized byI. pini, and possible sources of attraction, were determined. Treatments consisted of a log containingI. piniwith its natural complement of microorganisms, a log alone, and a blank control. A second experiment was carried out to determine whether or not Hymenoptera were attracted to microbial symbionts ofI. pini. Treatments consisted of a blank control, a log alone, a log containingI. piniwith its natural complement of microorganisms, eitherOphiostoma ips,Burkholderiasp., orPichia scolyti, and a log inoculated with a combination of these three microorganisms. Over 2 years, 5163 Hymenoptera were captured, of which over 98% were parasitoids. Braconidae, Platygastridae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, and Ichneumonidae were the most abundant. Seven known species of bark beetle parasitoids (all Pteromalidae) were captured. However, parasitoids of Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and non-wood-boring Coleoptera were also common. Nineteen species showed preferential attraction to host plants infested withI. piniand its complement of microorganisms, host plants inoculated withI. pinimicrobial symbionts, or host plants alone. Interestingly, many of these species were parasitoids of phytophagous, fungivorous, and saprophytic insects rather than of bark beetles themselves. These results suggest that a diverse assemblage of natural enemies that attack various feeding guilds within a common habitat exploit common olfactory cues.
Two new species in the genus Jezarotes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) from Korea
Authors: Lee Jong-Wook , Lee Seol-Mae 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo new ichneumonid species in the genus Jezarotes Uchida are described from Korea: J. dentatusn. sp. and J. tetragonisn. sp. Photographs of diagnostic characters of the two new species, a key to the six known species, and a diagnosis of the genus are provided.