bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Growth of Heat‐Shocked Staphylococcus aureus Surviving Cells in Common Media and Enterotoxin Release
Authors: Hernández F. Javier , Gómez‐Lucía E. , Orden J. A. , Goyache J. , Doménech A. , Suárez G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe ratio of the different types of S. aureus surviving cells immediately after sub‐lethal heat treatment (52 °C for 15 min) was studied. A high ratio of cells which are unable to form colonies even in a common medium such as TSA was observed. This fact has not been reported previously for common media through recovery after heat shock has been widely studied. After the treatment, staphylococcal protein A, but no enterotoxin, was seen to be released into the extracellular environment.
Direct Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection: Practical Applicability of a Double Polymerase Chain Reaction*
Authors: Ballagi‐Pordány A. , Klintevall K. , Merza M. , Klingeborn B. , Belák S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA double polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been devised for the direct detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The assay was directly performed on blood leukocytes, avoiding the DNA‐purification procedures. The PCR products were identified by gel‐electrophoresis and the specificity of the test was confirmed by hybridization with a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe. When testing the sensitivity of PCR, less than eight genome copies of the provirus were detected in the background of two million negative lymphocytes.In a BLV infected herd 22 animals of various age groups were examined by the indirect (serological) diagnostic tests of agar‐gel immunodiffusion and indirect ELISA as well as by the direct detection method of PCR. The tests were repeated at monthly intervals on five occasions. When examining the specimens from cows and heifers, a close agreement was found between the results of the various methods. The newborn calves, which were the offspring of BLV infected mothers, were consequently negative in PCR throughout the experimental period. However, in the indirect tests the calves were positive during the first samplings and became negative only around four months of age. Since the indirect tests can not discriminate infection from colostral immunity, PCR proved to be a useful complementary assay for the safe diagnosis of BLV infection in young calves.
Comparison of Virus Isolation, Immunofluorescence and DNA Probe Hybridization for Detection of Pseudorabies Virus in Experimentally Infected Pigs
Authors: Wongwatcharadumrong Ratree , Kunavongkrit Annop , Neumüller Magnus , Linné Tommy 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVirus isolation, immunofluorescent staining and DNA probe hybridization, three techniques for the detection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) have been compared in pigs experimentally infected with the Thailand CB‐1 strain PRV.The virus isolation and DNA hybridization detection demonstrated a good correlation in detecting infection in live animals by nasal swabbing. In white blood cells an earlier detection was seen with the DNA‐hybridization techniques. Consistent results with all the three techniques tested were found in organ materials as nasal mucosa and tonsils as well as in the olfactory bulb.
Seroprevalence Survey forAnaplasma marginale‐Infection of Austrian Cattle
Authors: Baumgartner W. , Schlerka G. , Fumicz M. , Stöger J. , Awad‐Masalmeh M. , Schuller W. , Weber P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA serologic survey study of 5,076 Austrian cattle farming herds was carried out in the period of December 1988 till March 1990. One animal was randomly selected from each herd and the antibody titer againstAnaplasma marginalein blood serum samples was evaluated by means of the complement fixation test. The number of these tested blood samples was 3.6% of 140,081 cattle herd farms of Austria.109 (2.1 %) of the tested animals showed positive titers (1: 10) againstAnaplasma marginale, in relation to the 140,081 cattle herds 0.08%. 4,786 (94.3%) blood serum samples were sero‐negative, 188 (3.8 %) reacted anticomplementary.The highest number of antibody‐positive animals of 8 tested Austrian districts could be found in Carinthia (46 = 5.7%). In Burgenland all tested sera turned out to be negative. Concerning the distribution of sero‐positive animals in Austria it can be stated that a decrease of positive reactors from southern to northern region is evident. A connection between the occurrence of anaplasmosis in Italy, Yugoslavia, Switzerland and Hungary, is postulated as a result of the different systems of keeping cattle in the provinces and the regional increase of tick invasion. Possibly an intensive animal transportation is of importance due to the introduction of the disease mentioned before.The results obtained show that anaplasmosis does occur in different areas of Austria.For control of this disease in Austria it is proposed that all imported cattle should be tested serologically for antibodies againstAnaplasma marginale. Other diseases in connection with anemia should be excluded by clinical, serological, blood‐, as well as pathological examinations.
Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in Young Gulls, Duration of Campylobacter Infection and Reinfection by Contact*
Authors: Glünder G. , Neumann U. , Braune Silke 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo groups of three week old Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) were held to observe the carrier state with Campylobacter. All 27 birds of group I excreted Campylobacter jejuni biotype III when they were caught from their colony. Four weeks later all but one were negative, indicating that the carrier state lasts until about the seventh week of life, with self‐elimination if infection with another Campylobacter species is prevented by housing in a closed environment as in this study. Only one bird became reinfected one year later when gulls from group I were brought into contact with gulls from group II, consisting of ten freshly caught gulls, four of which were infected with the same biotype of Campylobacter, indicating that there might be some kind of immunity protection against infection with the same biotype of Campylobacter spp.
Relationship Between Pathological Findings and Values of Haematological and Blood‐Chemistry Variables in Apparently Healthy Finishing Pigs at Slaughter
Authors: Visser I.J. R. , Odink J. , Smeets J. F. M. , Aarts P. A. M. M. , Elbers A. R. W. , Alsemgeest S. P. M. , Gruys E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study was performed to study possibilities of early decision making for appropriate conveyor‐line at future slaughtering of normal, clinically healthy finishing pigs. Blood was collected at slaughter from barrows (n = 112). A meticulous examination for subclinical pathological lesions was performed, revealing 5 groups of subjects listed in order of increasing disease‐activity: 1 ‐ no real disease‐activity; 2 ‐ with mild subchronical lesions; 3 ‐ with subacute lesions; 4 ‐ with abscesses; and 5 ‐ with fibrinous‐necrotic lesions. Significant differences for values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein, albumin, globulines, and plasma viscosity appeared to occur in this series. It is suggested that measuring acute phase reactants in blood of slaughtered pigs in the near future may reveal appropriate modern tools for meat inspection and predicting slaughtered animal quality.
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Actinomyces pyogenes Determined by Hexadecane Adherence‐ and Salt Aggregation Studies
Authors: Ding H. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCell surface hydrophobicities of Actinomyces pyogenes were determined by measuring the adherence of the bacteria to hexadecane droplets and by salt aggregation tests. Among 42 A. pyogenes cultures tested 25 (60%) adhered strongly (adherence ≥ 75%) and 17 (40%) less pronounced (adherence between 25–75%) to the hexadecane droplets. Pre‐treatment of the bacteria with proteolytic enzymes completely eliminated the adherence properties whereas heat treatment had no effect. The salt aggregation studies revealed that 4 (10%) cultures aggregated in ammonium sulfate solutions of a molarity of 0.05 mol/l, 5 (12%), 14 (33%) and 3 (7%) cultures in ammonium sulfate solutions with molarities of ≥ 1.5 mol/l, ≥ 3 mol/l and ≥ 4.5 mol/l, respectively. No aggregation at all could be observed with 16 (38 %) of the cultures. Pronase treatment completely eliminated the salt aggregation reactions, trypsin‐ and heat treatment had no effect. The results from hexadecane adherence and salt aggregation did not correspond. The differences in surface hydrophobicities, possibly related to adherence properties of A. pyogenes, could be used for epidemiological typing of individual cultures of this bacterial species.
Production of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and TSST‐1 by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated From Ruminant Mastitis
Authors: Orden J. A. , Goyache J. , Hernandez J. , Domenech A. , Suarez G. , Gomez‐Lucia E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 by 40 coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from sheep, goat and cow mastitis was studied. Both ELISA double sandwich and Western blot were used to detect the production of these toxins. Only two strains of S.xylosus were enterotoxigenic, producing SEC. TSST‐1 was seen to be produced by 5 strains of S. xylosus, 1 S. sciuri and 2 S. epidermidis. Results obtained by ELISA and by Western blot agreed in all cases except in one strain of S. epidermidis which was only positive using ELISA.
Immunoglobulins, Lysozyme and Lactoferrin in the Teat and Udder of the Dry Cow during Endotoxin‐Induced Inflammation
Authors: Persson Karin , Carlsson Å. , Hambleton C. , Guidry A.J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryImmunoglobulins (Ig) and antibacterial proteins like lysozyme and lactoferrin are components of the humoral defence against infections. Changes in Ig, lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations during endotoxin‐induced inflammation in the teat cistern and udder quarter of the dry cow were studied. Surgical closure of the passage between teat and udder cisterns enabled studies of reactions in the teat cistern without interference of the mammary gland.After endotoxin infusion, IgG1, IgG2, lysozyme, and to some extent IgM, increased in the teats and udder quarters, and were positively correlated with changes in somatic cell counts. No significant changes were observed in IgA or lactoferrin.The origin and significance of Ig, lysozyme and lactoferrin in the bovine teat and udder are discussed. Ig probably originated both from serum and from local plasma cells, while leukocytes appeared to be the source of lysozyme during inflammation. Secretory epithelium appeared to be the source of lactoferrin. Support for this theory was the almost total absence of lactoferrin in teat cistern samples.
Comparison ofCampylobacterCarriage Rates in Diarrheic and Healthy Pet Animals
Authors: Burnens André P. , Angéloz‐Wick Barbara , Nicolet Jacques 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo explore the clinical significance of campylobacter infections for dogs and cats we compared intestinal carriage rates forCampylobactersp. between animals with gastroenteritis and healthy controls. We cultured fecal specimens of 405 diarrheic dogs and 203 cats as well as 71 asymptomatic dogs and 35 cats using a selective medium in addition to filtration on a non‐selective blood agar plate. We identified 224 campylobacter isolates using conventional phenotypic tests and DNA hybridization. There were 112 isolates, ofC. upsaliensis, 43.C. jejuniand 69 otherCampylobactersp. For cats, there was no association between Campylobacter carriage and disease, irrespective of the animals age. For dogs older than 12 months there was also no difference in campylobacter carriage rates between diarrheic and healthy animals. However, in younger dogs 44 % of animals with diarrhea shed campylobacters in their feces, more than twice the rate in asymptomatic controls (21 %), a significant difference.C. jejuniandC. upsaliensiscontributed equally to this association between diarrhea and campylobacter prevalence. The parallel use of two culture methods enabled us to show that the recovery ofCampylobactersp. by filtration may be less than optimal and that filtering is probably unsuitable as a reference method for culturingC. upsaliensis. Finally we found that almost half of the campylobacter isolates from cats belong to a phenotypically homogeneous group of strains closely resemblingC. upsaliensisbut hybridizing only weakly withC. upsaliensisDNA.
Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus C3 Resende Subtype Analysed by Means of Competition RIA Using Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Valcic Miroslav A. , Panjevic Djordje J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFoot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) was analysed using 30 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) obtained from Balb/c mice immunized with FMDV C3 Resende (C3R) subtype 7 and 14 days before fusion No. 15 and 16 respectively. Fourteen MAbs were neutralizing and by means of competition radioimmuno assay it was possible to classify them into four groups. The first group consisted of MAbs specific for three sequentional and three conformational epitopes. The second group consisted of MAbs specific for two conformational and for one sequentional epitope. The third and the fourth groups consisted only of one MAb each, being specific for conformationally and one sequentionally dependent epitope, respectively.
A SpontaneousYersinia Pseudotuberculosis‐Infection in a Monkey‐Colony
Authors: Plesker R. , Claros M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA spontaneousYersinia pseudotuberculosis(Y. p.) infection in one African Green Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), and nine Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), is reported. The clinical findings, laboratory results and pathological findings are presented. The digestive system was the most affected organ in the acute phase of the Y. p. infection, while in the subacute and chronic phases, the alterations of the lymphatic tissues, spleen or liver were severe.
Infektionen mit originärem Kuhpockenvirus und kuhpockenähnlichen Erregern bei Mensch und Tier: Eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Munz E. , Linckh S. , Renner‐Müller I. C. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInfections with cowpoxvirus and cowpox‐like viruses of man and animals: a reviewIn an evaluation of literature the biological, physical‐chemical and antigenic characteristics of cowpoxviruses and cowpox‐like agents are presented, the according diseases following a natural and experimental infection are described and their epizootiological and epidemiological aspects discussed.ZusammenfassungIn einer Literaturauswertung werden die biologischen, physikalisch‐chemischen und antigenetischen Eigenschaften des Kuhpockenvirus sowie der kuhpockenähnlichen Erreger dargestellt, die entsprechenden Krankheiten nach natürlicher und experimenteller Infektion beschrieben und epizootiologische‐epidemiologische Gesichtspunkte abgehandelt.
2‐Mercaptoethanol Influences thein vitroFunction of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Larsson Bengt , Anderson Helena , Fossum Caroline 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) on somein vitrofunctions of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined. It was shown that 2‐ME enhanced, in a dose‐dependent manner, the production of antibodies to bovine coronavirus. In this test the optimal concentration of 2‐ME was 50 μM. This molarity of 2‐ME was also optimal for the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐induced proliferation of PBMC obtained from the 7 cattle tested. Similarly, the spontaneous proliferation of PBMC from 4 out of these cattle was enhanced. Thus, 2‐ME evoked an increase (up to 2.5 times) or a decrease (at most 10 times) of the quota between the PWM‐induced and the spontaneous proliferation (stimulation index). In general, the presence of 50 μM 2‐ME enhanced thein vitroproduction of interferon by bovine PBMC. On the contrary, the highest proliferative response of PBMC to stimulation with bovine virus diarrhoea virus was achieved in cultures without 2‐ME or in cultures with 0.5 or 5 μM 2‐ME.Since the effects of 2‐ME varied, for different tests as well as for cattle tested, attention should be paid to the use of 2‐ME in cultures of bovine PBMC.
Evaluation of the API Coryne Test System for Identification of Actinomyces pyogenes
Authors: Ding H. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of the API Coryne test system for identification of Actinomyces pyogenes. The test system correctly identified 36 of 42 A. pyogenes and 4 of 5 comparatively studied Arcanobacterium haemolyticum‐cultures. The biochemical profiles of the remaining 6 A. pyogenes‐ and 1 A. haemolyticum‐cultures were not included in the analytical profile index. None of the cultures were misidentified. According to the API database (ATB Plus V 1. 5. 4.) the unidentified cultures could be correctly identified as A. pyogenes and A. haemolyticum respectively. A greater repertoire of A. pyogenes specific biochemical profiles incorporated into the analytical profile index would improve the applicability of this test system for veterinary diagnostics.
Evaluation of the Effect of 3 Probiotics on Experimental Escherichia coli Enterotoxaemia in Weaned Piglets*
Authors: De Cupere F. , Deprez P. , Demeulenaere D. , Muylle E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn this report the efficacy of 3 different probiotics (Bacillus cereus “toyoi”, Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus faecium) was investigated. They were supplemented in the food of recently weaned piglets that were orally infected with E. coli O141 K85ab. Supplementation could not prevent mortality and clinical symptoms nor reduce the faecal excretion of hemolytic E. coli. The possible explanations for the unsatisfying results are various.
Cytotoxicity of Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Henning K. , Cremer J. , Meyer H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCytotoxic effects of crude extracts and fractions of the purification steps towards Microcystin‐LR (MCYST‐LR) were investigated in vitro. Cytoxicity was evaluated by measure of lactate dehydrogenase liberation of Chang liver cells and by hemolysis. Crude extracts of strain PCC 7806 damaged the cells within a few minutes. In contrast, MCYST‐LR did not show any detectable cytotoxic effects. The cytotoxic activity could be related to a heat‐labile substance with a molecular weight of about 30,000 Da.
Field Trials of an Inactivated Virus Vaccine Against Porcine Parvovirus
Authors: Castro J. M. , del Pozo M. , Simarro I. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySerological response and reproductive performance were estimated in field trials of an inactivated virus vaccine against porcine parvovirus. Experiments were carried out in 10 selected pig breeding herds. A total of 277 seronegative gilts were used. Two hundred and twenty animals were vaccinated twice before mating, fourteen days apart and revaccinated after farrowing. Blood samples were obtained from both vaccinated and non‐vaccinated (57 animal) control gilts, one week after the 2nd dose of vaccination, at farrowing time and one week after revaccination.Although there were considerable variations among the herds, the number of returns to oestrus in all herds was higher in vaccinated gilts (11.81%) than in the controls (10.52%). This difference, however, was not statistically significant.The reproductive performance results revealed the absence of an increase in the total born, as pooled values, in vaccinated gilts compared to controls. However, when these results are interpreted in relation to serological data, many control gilts were already seropositive before mating, or remained seronegative at farrowing.According to our results, the duration of immunity with this vaccine is apparently short, as there is a clear decrease in the titres between the 1st and the 2nd sampling times (2.35 ± 0.14 and 1.97 ± 0.08, respectively).
Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies againstMycoplasma bovis
Authors: Berthold Evelyn , Heller M. , Pfützner H. , Leirer R. , Sachse K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMonoclonal antibodies (mabs) againstMycoplasma (M.) boviswere prepared for use in diagnosis of bovine mastitis. From the original 32 hybridomas actively secreting mabs againstM. bovis, 6 stable lines were cloned. Two of them, Mb 5D8 and Mb 4F6, recognizedM. bovisantigens of estimated molecular weights of 33 and 26 kDa, respectively. They showed no cross‐reaction to other bovine mycoplasmas, thus rendering them useful for specific detection of this pathogen. All mabs investigated cross‐reacted withM. agalactiaewhich is known to be closely related toM. bovis, but does not occur in cattle. Two other mabs, Mb 5D4 and Mb 1F6, exhibited further cross‐reactions to a number of bovine mycoplasma species. Finally, mabs Mb 5D5 and Mb 2G5 reacted with all mycoplasmas tested. The possibility that they recognized constituents of the broth culture medium is discussed.ZusammenfassungMonoklonale Antikörper (mAk) gegenMycoplasma (M.) bovis, einen bedeutenden Mastitiserreger des Rindes, wurden mit dem Ziel der Anwendung in spezifischen diagnostischen Methoden hergestellt.6 von ursprünglich 32 Hybridomlinien, die monoklonale Antikörper gegenM. bovissekretierten, wurden kloniert. Zwei der mAk (Mb 5D8 und Mb 4F6) waren gegenM. bovis‐Antigene mit einem Molekulargewicht von ca. 37 bzw. 26 kDa gerichtet. Sie zeigten keine Kreuzreaktionen zu anderen bovinen Mykoplasmen, wodurch sie für die spezifische Diagnose von Mastitiden bei Kühen, hervorgerufen durchM. bovis, geeignet sind. Alle untersuchten mAk reagierten mitM. agalactiaeeiner zuM. boviseng verwandten, aber an Ziege und Schaf adaptierten Spezies. Bei zwei der hergestellten mAk (Mb 5D4 und Mb 1F6) traten weitere Kreuzreaktionen zu einigen anderen bovinen Mykoplasmenspezies auf. Die mAk Mb 5D5 und Mb 2G5 reagierten mit allen untersuchten Mykoplasmen. Die Möglichkeit, daß sie gegen Kulturmedienbestandteile gerichtet sind, wird diskutiert.
The Isolation and Identification ofLeptospira interrogansSerovarBratislavafrom a Pig in Germany*
Authors: Schönberg A. , Hahn‐Hey Bärbel , Kämpe Ulrike , Schmidt Katrin , Ellis W. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring a study on the improvement of selective media for the isolation of leptospires from clinical material, leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of a pig. Test material was cultured in EMJH‐medium containing 0.4% rabbit serum and 3 inhibitory substances (Rifampicin 10 μg/ml, Amphotericin B 2 μg/ml, 5‐Fluorouracil 100 μg/ml). The cultured leptospira‐strain (Berlin 406) was identified to serogroup level using the cross agglutination method and it was further typed to serovar level by MAB's, factor analysis and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). MAB typing of Berlin 406 gave an agglutination pattern profile typical of serovarbratislava.Factor serum identification clearly identified this strain as serovarbratislava.On REA examination, Berlin 406 gave a profile identical to that of the serovarbratislavatype strain Jez Bratislava i. e. genotype B1. This is the first report of a confirmed isolate ofLeptospira interrogansserovarbratislavafrom domestic animals in Germany. There exist a number of possibly important implications as this agent is being incriminated in the cause of clinical disease not only in pigs, but also in horses and dogs in other countries.