bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top‐down approach to studying biological components using ToF‐SIMS
Authors: Piwowar Alan , Fletcher John , Lockyer Nicholas , Vickerman John 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present in this article a novel approach to identifying subcellular components from spectral images collected with ToF‐SIMS. The method utilizes a separation technique to isolate and enrich cellular fractions which are then examined with ToF‐SIMS to identify peak or peak ratio markers to assign reference spectra. The ultimate aim of the project is to utilize these reference spectra to identify cellular components from spectral images. We present data from three such extracts (nuclei, cytosol and membrane‐bound organelles) which confirms that characteristic spectral differences do exist between these systems. These results indicate that such a ‘top‐down’ approach to subcellular analysis can aid cellular imaging with ToF‐SIMS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sputtered molecular fluoride anions: HfFn− and WFn−
Authors: Gnaser Hubert , Golser Robin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe emission of negatively charged HfFn− (n ≤ 5) and WFn− (n ≤ 7) molecular ions sputtered from a mixed HfWPbF2 fluoride sample by a 13 keV Cs+ ion beam was studied. The emitted ions were detected in a high‐sensitivity double‐focusing secondary ion mass spectrometer. In the HfFn− and WFn− series, HfF5− and WF6− are the anions formed most abundantly, with their ratio amounting to HfF5−/WF6−∼6, whereas HfF5−/WF5−∼18. In particular, the rather high yield of the HfF5− anion could be essential for the sensitive detection of live 182Hf, a radionuclide (half‐live ∼9 million years) that might originate from stellar events in the vicinity of the Earth. Generally, these high ion yields appear to correspond with a high electron affinity of the respective molecule. In addition, their formation may be affected by the atomic composition at the sputtering site. Because their constituents originate from (initially) separated sources (the individual Hf, W and PbF2 particles), the production of the HfFn− and WFn− molecular anions is envisaged to require an extensive mixing between these different reservoirs during sputtering. Furthermore, the energy distributions of these molecular anion species indicate that they are released from the surface via a collision cascade that also leads to the occurrence of fragmentation processes in the emission event. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of thin oxide film on protein sample measurement with TOF‐SIMS
Authors: Aoyagi Satoka , Inoue Masae , Mitsuoka Takuya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecently, the biomaterial field has become one of the most important applications of time of flight (TOF) SIMS time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass specmetry (TOF‐SIMS). Although TOF‐SIMS can be applied to insulating samples, electrically conductive substrates such as Si, Au plates and indium‐tin oxide (ITO) glass plates are more useful to detect fragment ions from biomaterials. ITO glass and silicon substrates are often employed for the preparation of biomaterial samples instead of glass plates. In this study, an ITO glass plate and silicon plates with various thicknesses of silicon oxide thin film were compared to investigate the most suitable sample preparation conditions for evaluating protein samples using TOF‐SIMS. Four kinds of substrates, an ITO glass plate, a silicon plate, a silicon plate with an oxide film of 50 nm, and another of 250 nm, were employed as substrates to adsorb a model protein, egg white lysozyme. Each sample was measured five times with TOF‐SIMS with a gallium ion source under static conditions. The TOF‐SIMS spectra of each sample were compared to evaluate the effect of thin oxide films on protein measurement with TOF‐SIMS. The specific peaks of each sample related to lysozyme in the positive ion spectra were selected in comparison to their control samples. As a result, TOF‐SIMS spectra of the silicon plate with a 50 nm silicon oxide film showed the most specific peaks related to lysozyme. In addition, TOF‐SIMS spectra of the ITO sample showed many peaks of fragment ions related to lysozyme in a high‐mass range at which the other samples do not show adequate peaks. Thus, both substrates with the oxide films, silicon oxide and ITO, displayed better results than the silicon plate sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a TOF‐SIMS technology as a predictive tool for the needs of the mineral processing industry
Authors: Hart Brian R. , Dimov Stamen S. , Smart Roger St. C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecently, upgrades towards a semiquantitative approach to mineral processing applications using the time of flight (TOF) SIMS (TOF‐SIMS) technique have been developed and implemented. Secondary ion yield at specific instrument parameters for matrix elements in the predominant ore minerals and their comparative normalization factors have been determined. Surface loading quantification for Cu on a variety of ore minerals has shown that signal intensity variability is related to the substrate matrix. Relative sensitivity factors for component loading have been determined and calibration curves for Cu loading on mineral surfaces have established with lower limits of detection in the range of 10 ppm.Given the new semiquantitative approach for surface characterization of minerals, a new test was developed to be used as a predictive tool in mineral flotation separation. The test protocol involved a two‐chamber ball mill where Cu transfer between the pulp and specimen surface was measured by the semiquantitative TOF‐SIMS approach. The test was applied to 13 ores. The reported experimental data on these ores demonstrated the ability of this technique to differentiate Cu transfer over a large dynamic range. The data also demonstrated that the surface loading of Cu on pyrite can be correlated, in some cases, with mineralogy. In others, however, the surface Cu loading observed is not congruent with the mineralogical assessment of the ore sample, but still linked with flotation behavior. This shows that the test could be used with mineralogy to better benchmark a sample before embarking on a flotation flowsheet development programme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speciation and quantification of surface gold in carbonaceous matter by TOF‐SIMS: a new approach in characterizing losses during the gold recovery process
Authors: Dimov S. S. , Hart B. R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn increasing number of low‐grade gold ore deposits are characterized by the presence of gold as solid solution into the mineral matrix of sulphide minerals which is not directly amenable to gold cyanidation. In order to liberate this submicroscopic gold the ore has to be oxidized before being subjected to gold cyanidation and exctraction. This is mainly done by autoclave pressure oxidation (AC POX) or roasting, two major technologies used by the mining industry. Very often, these ores contain an active carbonaceous compound which has the ability to adsorb, or preg‐rob gold from the cyanide solution. Gold recovery can be adversely affected by preg‐robbing on inherent carbonaceous material during autoclave pressure oxidation of sulphide ores.The time of flight (TOF) SIMS (TOF‐SIMS) technique has been applied for direct determination of gold species on individual carbonaceous particulates from AC POX stream samples. The speciation of the gold preg‐robbed on carbonaceous matter from CIL tail sample showed presence of both metallic gold and Au(CN)2 compound. Direct quantification of the metallic and compound gold provided an estimate for the fraction of gold losses due to preg‐robbing in carbonaceous matter. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of subjective ratings of stressor severity: the effects of current mood and neuroticism
Authors: Espejo Emmanuel P. , Ferriter Caitlin T. , Hazel Nicholas A. , Keenan‐Miller Danielle , Hoffman Lindsay R. , Hammen Constance 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRespondent‐based or subjective, ratings of stressor severity are posited to be influenced by systematic biases related to current mood and trait neuroticism which may confound associations between environmental stressors and psychological outcomes. The current study examined the effects of current mood state and neuroticism on subjective ratings of severity for real‐life stressors in a sample of 76 (30 males) undergraduates. Subjective ratings of stressor severity were collected in the context of an interview‐based stress assessment and were assessed on two separate occasions. Changes in mood state across the two assessments did not correspond with changes in subjective ratings of stressor severity. Neuroticism independently predicted subjective ratings of stressor severity, as did female gender and investigator‐based ratings of objective stressor severity. In addition, there was evidence to suggest that neuroticism fully accounted for observed associations between current mood state and subjective ratings of stressor severity. The findings are discussed with regard to the potential confounding influence of neuroticism in studies that rely on respondent‐based ratings of stressor severity in predicting psychological outcomes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of direct effects on the dopamine D2 receptor by mGluR2/3‐selective receptor agonists LY 354,740 and LY 379,268
Authors: Zysk John R. , Widzowski Dan , Sygowski Linda A. , Knappenberger Katharine S. , Spear Nathan , Elmore Charles S. , Dorff Peter , Liu Hongyan , Doherty James , Chhajlani Vijay 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe previously reported the absence of high‐affinity binding of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists LY 354,740 and LY 379,268 to the D2L dopamine receptor. A rebuttal to our findings has since been reported (seeIntroductionsection); this study represents our response. Analysis by LCMS of LY 354,740 and LY 379,268 used in this study revealed the correct molecular mass for these compounds. Both LY 354,740 and LY 379,268 exhibited potent agonist activity for mGluR2in the35S‐GTPγS assay. Functionally, neither compound displayed antagonist activity in the GTPγS assay with recombinant D2. At concentrations up to 10 μM, both compounds failed to displace [3H]‐raclopride, [3H]‐PHNO, or [3H]‐domperidone in filter‐binding assays under isotonic (120 mM NaCl orN‐methyl glucamine) or low‐ionic strength (no NaCl orN‐methyl glucamine) conditions. Some displacement of [3H]‐domperidone (20–40%) was observed at 30 μM of LY 354,740 under low‐ionic strength and under isotonic conditions in the absence of NaCl. No displacement of [3H]‐domperidone was detected in a two site model at lower (<100 nM) concentrations of either compound. Moreover, no D2activity was observed for LY 354,740 or LY 379,268 in the CellKey™ (cellular dielectric spectroscopy) assay. In this communication, we discuss the possible reasons for differences in our study and the previously published work and implications of these studies for mechanisms of antipsychotic action. Synapse 65:64–68, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hysterectomy or a minimal invasive alternative? A systematic review on quality of life and satisfaction
Authors: Brölmann H. A. M. , BijdeVaate A. J. , Vonk Noordegraaf A. , Janssen P. F. , Huirne J. A. F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNowadays, an increasing number of minimal invasive treatment alternatives to hysterectomy may be offered to the patient. In determining the appropriate treatment option, the patient has a distinct dilemma if a minimal invasive treatment with lesser effect than hysterectomy should be chosen or if a hysterectomy should be chosen which is a major surgery and requires longer recovery than the minimal invasive alternative. Quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaires that take subjective health perception into account are currently used to assess the treatment effects. The objective of this literature study is to determine and discuss the role of QoL as an outcome in randomized controlled trials (RCT) or systematic reviews of RCTs that study the treatment effect of hysterectomy compared to that of minimal invasive alternatives. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database and in the Cochrane database to find randomized trials and systematic reviews of randomized trials, comparing hysterectomy with minimal invasive or conservative treatment options with sufficient follow-up using satisfaction, health status, and quality of life as outcomes. The results were based on nine randomized trials and two systematic reviews. The differences are mostly in favor of hysterectomy. In two out of four studied treatment alternatives, the satisfaction or health status is different in favor of hysterectomy while the QoL is equivalent. After 2 years of follow-up, differences between both groups have disappeared, possibly because of the crossover effect. Possible reasons for the lesser response of QoL compared to satisfaction or health status are discussed. The fundamental question if patients have a better quality of life at all times if they choose for a minimal invasive alternative of hysterectomy remains unresolved. Information, individualization, and freedom of choice before surgery probably best serve the sense of well being and quality of life thereafter.
Drogenkonsum von Studierenden – Ergebnisse des Gesundheitssurveys NRW
Authors: Helmer Stefanie , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Meier Sabine , Krämer Alexander 
Published: May 2010

Einleitung
Der Studienbeginn leitet eine neue Lebensphase ein: neue Freiheiten, neue Pflichten und neue Lebensstilentscheidungen. Die Daten des Gesundheitssurvey für Studierende in NRW zeigen, dass Studierende beiderlei Geschlechts ähnlich viel rauchen, aber weniger als gleichaltrige Studierende, die vor zehn Jahren befragt wurden. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Daten des Surveys, dass männliche Studierende häufiger und exzessiver Alkohol trinken und einen höheren Konsum von Marihuana aufweisen, als die weiblichen Studierenden.
Sucht und Armut: epidemiologische Zusammenhänge und präventive Ansätze
Authors: Henkel Dieter 
Published: May 2010

Einleitung
In Deutschland leben 15% der Bevölkerung in Einkommensarmut. Berichtet wird darüber, wie stark Suchtprobleme (Tabak, Alkohol, illegale Drogen) in der Armutsbevölkerung verbreitet sind, und welche armutsbezogenen suchtpräventiven Ansätze möglich wären.
Bioavailability of strawberry antioxidants in human subjects
Authors: Azzini Elena , Vitaglione Paola , Intorre Federica , Napolitano Aurora , Durazzo Alessandra , Foddai Maria S. , Fumagalli Alessandro , Catasta Giovina , Rossi Laura , Venneria Eugenia , Raguzzini Anna , Palomba Lara , Fogliano Vincenzo , Maiani Giuseppe 
Published: May 2010

Strawberries contain many antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds including anthocyanins (ACN). In the present study, antioxidant composition of fresh strawberries (FS) and stored strawberries (SS) and the bioavailability of the main strawberry bioactive compounds were determined in human subjects. Thirteen healthy volunteers consumed 300 g of FS and SS on two separate occasions. Blood, before and at different time points from meal consumption, as well as 24 h urine, was collected, and parent compounds and metabolites of the different compounds were determined by HPLC or LC/MS/MS. A reduction in α-carotene plasma concentrationsv.baseline values was recorded after the consumption of FS, although the amount of this carotenoid was higher in the SS. On the contrary, a significant increase of plasma vitamin C after 2, 3 and 5 h (P < 0·05) of FS and SS consumption was recorded. No quercetin and ACN were found in plasma, while coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HBA, 56 and 54 % of pelargonidin-3-glucoside (Pel-glc) ingested with FS and SS, respectively) and protocatechuic acid (59 and 34 % of cyanidin-3-glucoside ingested with FS and SS, respectively) over 8 h from strawberry consumption were retrieved in the plasma. Pelargonidin glucuronide, pelargonidin glucoside and pelargonidin aglycone peaked in urine within 2 h of strawberry consumption, and the 24 h amount excreted was always approximately 0·9 % of the Pel-glc dose ingested. The data indicated that the content of phytochemicals in strawberries may influence the bioavailability of individual compounds. Furthermore, in the present study, the metabolism of Pel-glc was elucidated, and, for the first time, 4HBA was suggested to be a major human metabolite of Pel-glc.
Refining strategic culture: return of the second generation
Authors: LOCK EDWARD 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article seeks to refine the concept of ‘strategic culture’ and to highlight some appropriate methods of analysis through which this concept might be applied in empirical studies. In doing so, I seek to synthesise a much ignored element of strategic culture literature – Bradley Klein's ‘second generation’ approach – with insights drawn from contemporary critical constructivist theory. The resulting conception of strategic culture presents a less deterministic account of culture than that found in much existing literature regarding. It also provides far greater critical potential with regard to the analysis of the strategic practices of states and other actors. More generally, this conception of strategic culture leads us to ask how strategic culture serves to constitute certain strategic behaviour as meaningful but also how strategic behaviour serves to constitute the identity of those actors that engage in such behaviour.
Performing Schengen: myths, rituals and the making of European territoriality beyond Europe
Authors: ZAIOTTI RUBEN 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMyth-making has historically been an essential component of the modern state's quest for territorial control and legitimacy. As a sui generis post-national political entity in search for identity and recognition, the European Union (EU) seems to mimicking its more established national counterpart. By formulating and reproducing a narrative that hails Europe's border control regime (‘Schengen’) as a success story of European integration and by deploying evocative imagery at Europe's common borders, the EU is in fact trying to establish itself as an integral part of the European political landscape. This article argues that what we are witnessing today in Europe is indeed the emergence of the ‘myth of Schengen’; however, the regime's mythopoiesis goes beyond the EU's official narrative and symbolic representations. To capture the full range of actors, locations and activities involved in the establishment and reproduction of this post-national myth, it is necessary to shift the attention to the performative dimension of this process. To support this argument, the article relies on the insights of anthropological and sociological works that have emphasised the role of rituality and performativity in constituting social structures and identities. These insights are then applied to examine the rituals and performances characterising four cases of ‘unofficial’ Schengen myth-making beyond Europe: a hotel in Beijing, street kids in Kinshasa, a British music band, and a group of Eastern European artists.
VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 and VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 Effectively Induce Transdifferentiation into Xylem Vessel Elements under Control of an Induction System
Authors: Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Goué Nadia , Igarashi Hisako , Ohtani Misato , Nakano Yoshimi , Mortimer Jennifer C. , Nishikubo Nobuyuki , Kubo Minoru , Katayama Yoshihiro , Kakegawa Koichi , Dupree Paul , Demura Taku 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We previously showed that the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 (VND6) and VND7 genes, which encode NAM/ATAF/CUC domain protein transcription factors, act as key regulators of xylem vessel differentiation. Here, we report a glucocorticoid-mediated posttranslational induction system of VND6 and VND7. In this system, VND6 or VND7 is expressed as a fused protein with the activation domain of the herpes virus VP16 protein and hormone-binding domain of the animal glucocorticoid receptor, and the protein's activity is induced by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid derivative. Upon DEX treatment, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants carrying the chimeric gene exhibited transdifferentiation of various types of cells into xylem vessel elements, and the plants died. Many genes involved in xylem vessel differentiation, such as secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, were up-regulated in these plants after DEX treatment. Chemical analysis showed that xylan, a major hemicellulose component of the dicot secondary cell wall, was increased in the transgenic plants after DEX treatment. This induction system worked in poplar (Populus tremula × tremuloides) trees and in suspension cultures of cells from Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); more than 90% of the tobacco BY-2 cells expressing VND7-VP16-GR transdifferentiated into xylem vessel elements after DEX treatment. These data demonstrate that the induction systems controlling VND6 and VND7 activities can be used as powerful tools for understanding xylem cell differentiation.
A predictive model for detection ofAgrilus planipennis(Col., Buprestidae) larvae in girdled ash (Fraxinusspp.)
Authors: Marshall J. M. , Storer A. J. , Fraser I. , Mastro V. C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAgrilus planipennis(emerald ash borer, Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a pest of ash (Fraxinusspp.) in North America and has caused mortality of ash throughout its introduced range. One technique used for detection ofA. planipennisis the establishment and peeling of girdled trap trees. In an effort to reduce the search effort and target detection survey efforts within ash trap trees, a predictive model was created using data from 2007 and validated using data from 2008. In 2007 and 2008, ash trap trees were established, harvested, peeled and inspected forA. planipennislarvae. Gaussian curves were fit to describe the relationship between stem diameter and relative proportion and frequency of larvae. The observed and predicted 2008 relative proportion and frequency of larvae did not differ in paired t‐tests. Within the relative proportion and frequency Gaussian models, the curves peaked at approximately 10 cm diameter signifying the greatest proportion and frequency ofA. planipennislarvae occurred at 10 cm stem diameter. This peak was then bracketed by 2 cm on each side creating a target stem section with a top diameter of 8 cm and a bottom diameter of 12 cm. A simple linear regression was fit to describe the relationship between the larvae count within the targeted 8–12 cm section of tree and the larvae per cm3of phloem per tree for 2007. The observed and predicted 2008 larvae per cm3did not differ in a paired t‐test. Targeting the 8–12 cm diameter section of the trap tree stem will reduce the amount of the tree peeled to less than 45% with more than 50% ofA. planipennislarvae within the tree encountered in this targeted section. This reduction in the amount of tree peeled will greatly increase the number of trees and area surveyed forA. planipennisdetection and population delimiting surveys.