bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing internet bottleneck with Kudryashov’s extended version of self-phase modulation and fractional temporal evolution
Authors: Murad Muhammad Amin S. , Arnous Ahmed H. , Biswas Anjan , Yildirim Yakup , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current paper employs Kudryashov’s approach to suppress Internet bottleneck effect for the model with factional temporal evolution, linear chromatic dispersion and Kudryahov’s proposed form of extended self-phase modulation with power-law embedded in it. Kudryasov’s approach to integration yielded soliton solutions that is used to transmit solitons across intercontinental distances with a controlled speed which can regulate the internet traffic flow.
A Modified Bayesian Optimization Approach for Determining a Training Set to Identify the Best Genotypes from a Candidate Population in Genomic Selection
Authors: Tu Hui-Ning , Liao Chen-Tuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTraining set optimization is a crucial factor affecting the probability of success for plant breeding programs using genomic selection. Conventionally, the training set optimization is developed to maximize Pearson’s correlation between true breeding values and genomic estimated breeding values for a testing population, because it is an essential component of genetic gain in plant breeding. However, many practical breeding programs aim to identify the best genotypes for target traits in a breeding population. A modified Bayesian optimization approach is therefore developed in this study to construct training sets for tackling such an interesting problem. The proposed approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation and data cross-validation, which is shown to be competitive with the existing methods developed to achieve the maximal Pearson’s correlation. Four real genome datasets, including two rice, one wheat, and one soybean, are analyzed in this study. An R package is generated to facilitate the application of the proposed approach. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Obstacle encounter probability dependent local path planner for UAV operation in urban environments
Authors: Thoma Andreas , Gardi Alessandro , Fisher Alex , Braun Carsten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are well-suited for various short-distance missions in urban environments. However, the path planner of such UAV is constantly challenged with the choice between avoiding obstacles horizontally or vertically. If the path planner relies on sensor information only, i.e. the path planner is a local planner, usually predefined manoeuvres or preferences are used to find a possible way. However, this method is stiff and inflexible. This work proposes a probabilistic decision-maker to set the control parameters of a classic local path planner during a flight mission. The decision-maker defines whether performing horizontal or vertical avoidance is preferable based on the probability of encountering a given number of obstacles. Here, the decision-maker considers predictions of possible future avoidance manoeuvres. It also defines an ideal flight altitude based on the probability of encountering obstacles. This work analyses the building height of all European capital cities and the probability of encountering obstacles at different altitudes to feed the decision-maker. We tested the feasibility of the proposed decision-maker with the 3DVFH*, a commonly used local path planner, in multiple simulations. The proposed probabilistic decision-maker allows the local path planner to reach the goal point significantly more often than the standard version of the 3DVFH*.
Behavior of jittering potential before and after impulse blockings: a preliminary study in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Artuğ N. Tuğrul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuromuscular junction disorders lead to secession of bioelectrical activity transmission between motor nerve endings and muscle fibers. In diseases that are severe enough, impulse blockings are observed. This study aims to reveal the behavior of neuromuscular junction before and after impulse blockings. Fourteen recordings harboring impulse blockings from nine myasthenia gravis (MG) patients were included. Recordings were made from frontalis muscle by using concentric needle electrode during voluntary contraction. One hundred traces were acquired in each session. In addition to well-known jitter parameters, new parameters were calculated such as number of consecutive impulse blocking groups, number of impulse blockings in each group, ratio of maximum number of consecutive impulse blockings to all number of blockings. Graphics were composed to show location change behavior of jittering potential in all traces. For jittering potential, before or after a single impulse blocking the amount of getting further away from trigger peak was greater than getting closer to trigger peak. However, after consecutive impulse blockings the amount of getting closer to trigger peak was greater than the amount of getting further away. The behavior of neuromuscular junction before and after impulse blockings was demonstrated in MG patients. Moreover, new features were extracted for jitter studies. Building models for different diseases according to their impulse blockings may be possible with the developed algorithm.
Graphical abstract
Activation of the MAPK network provides a survival advantage during the course of COVID-19-induced sepsis: a real-world evidence analysis of a multicenter COVID-19 Sepsis Cohort
Authors: Witowski Andrea , Palmowski Lars , Rahmel Tim , Nowak Hartmuth , Ehrentraut Stefan F. , Putensen Christian , von Groote Thilo , Zarbock Alexander , Babel Nina , Anft Moritz , Sitek Barbara , Bracht Thilo , Bayer Malte , Weber Maike , Weisheit Christina , Pfänder Stephanie , Eisenacher Martin , Adamzik Michael , Katharina Rump , Koos Björn , Ziehe Dominik ,   the CovidDataNet.NRW research group, Bazzi Maha , Bergmann Lars , von Busch Alexander , Ehrentraut Stefan F. , Eisennacher Martin , Ramesh Sai Spoorti , Haberl Helge , Meersch-Dini Melanie , Marcus Katrin , Rump Katharina , Schewe Jens-Christian , Orlowski Jennifer , Marco Britta , Unterberg Matthias , Kühn Daniel , Wolf Alexander , Zuelch Birgit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There is evidence that lower activity of the RAF/MEK/ERK network is associated with positive outcomes in mild and moderate courses of COVID-19. The effect of this cascade in COVID-19 sepsis is still undetermined. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that activity of the RAF/MEK/ERK network in COVID-19-induced sepsis is associated with an impact on 30-day survival.

Methods
We used biomaterial from 81 prospectively recruited patients from the multicentric CovidDataNet.NRW-study cohort (German clinical trial registry: DRKS00026184) with their collected medical history, vital signs, laboratory parameters, microbiological findings and patient outcome. ERK activity was measured by evaluating ERK phosphorylation using a Proximity Ligation Assay.

Results
An increased ERK activity at 4 days after diagnosis of COVID-19-induced sepsis was associated with a more than threefold increased chance of survival in an adjusted Cox regression model. ERK activity was independent of other confounders such as Charlson Comorbidity Index or SOFA score (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.10–0.84, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
High activity of the RAF/MEK/ERK network during the course of COVID-19 sepsis is a protective factor and may indicate recovery of the immune system. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Methods to Assess Energy Expenditure of Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan , Wilson Luke , Duthie Grant , Pumpa Kate , Weakley Jonathon , Scott Christopher , Slater Gary 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Nutrition guidance for athletes must consider a range of variables to effectively support individuals in meeting energy and nutrient needs. Resistance exercise is a widely adopted training method in athlete preparation and rehabilitation and therefore is one such variable that will influence nutrition guidance. Given its prominence, the capacity to meaningfully quantify resistance exercise energy expenditure will assist practitioners and researchers in providing nutrition guidance. However, the significant contribution of anaerobic metabolism makes quantifying energy expenditure of resistance exercise challenging.

Objective
The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the methods used to assess resistance exercise energy expenditure.

Methods
A literature search of Medline, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science identified studies that included an assessment of resistance exercise energy expenditure. Quality appraisal of included studies was performed using the Rosendal Scale.

Results
A total of 19,867 studies were identified, with 166 included after screening. Methods to assess energy expenditure included indirect calorimetry (n = 136), blood lactate analysis (n = 25), wearable monitors (n = 31) and metabolic equivalents (n = 4). Post-exercise energy expenditure was measured in 76 studies. The reported energy expenditure values varied widely between studies.

Conclusions
Indirect calorimetry is widely used to estimate energy expenditure. However, given its limitations in quantifying glycolytic contribution, indirect calorimetry during and immediately following exercise combined with measures of blood lactate are likely required to better quantify total energy expenditure. Due to the cumbersome equipment and technical expertise required, though, along with the physical restrictions the equipment places on participants performing particular resistance exercises, indirect calorimetry is likely impractical for use outside of the laboratory setting, where metabolic equivalents may be a more appropriate method.
Unusual application of twinkling artifact
Authors: Drudi Francesco M. , Maroncelli Roberto , Angelini Flavia , Renda Maurizio , Maglia Gianluca , Bertolotto Michele , Cantisani Vito 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this paper is to show how to improve diagnostic accuracy using CDUS and twinkling artifact in patients experiencing discomfort due to the presence of small FBs in the soft tissues not clearly visible at US grayscale examination.

Materials and methods
We enrolled 7 adult patients presenting with small (2–4 mm) superficial FBs located in the subcutaneous and muscle tissues, barely or not detectable on US grayscale. All patients underwent US grayscale and CDUS examinations.

Results
We identified superficial FB with twinkling artifact in all 7 patients. All of these were confirmed to represent foreign bodies after surgical excision.

Conclusion
TA is useful in the evaluation of subcutaneous and muscular FBs and provides information on their location, depth and shape, which is useful if surgical excision is required.
Metabolic Perturbations Associated with both PFAS Exposure and Perinatal/Antenatal Depression in Pregnant Individuals: A Meet-in-the-Middle Scoping Review
Authors: Suthar Himal , Tanghal Roselyn B. , Chatzi Lida , Goodrich Jesse A. , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Aung Max 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Depression during the perinatal or antenatal period affects at least 1 in 10 women worldwide, with long term health implications for the mother and child. Concurrently, there is increasing evidence associating maternal exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We reviewed the body of evidence examining both the associations between PFAS exposure and perturbations in the maternal metabolome, and the associations between the maternal metabolome and perinatal/antenatal depression. Through this, we sought to explore existing evidence of the perinatal metabolome as a potential mediation pathway linking PFAS exposure and perinatal/antenatal depression.

Recent Findings
There are few studies examining the metabolomics of PFAS exposure—specifically in pregnant women—and the metabolomics of perinatal/antenatal depression, let alone studies examining both simultaneously. Of the studies reviewed (N = 11), the majority were cross sectional, based outside of the US, and conducted on largely homogenous populations. Our review identified 23 metabolic pathways in the perinatal metabolome common to both PFAS exposure and perinatal/antenatal depression.

Summary
Future studies may consider findings from our review to conduct literature-derived hypothesis testing focusing on fatty acid metabolism, alanine metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism when exploring the biochemical mechanisms conferring the risk of perinatal/antenatal depression due to PFAS exposure. We recommend that researchers also utilize heterogenous populations, longitudinal study designs, and mediation approaches to elucidate key pathways linking PFAS exposures to perinatal/antenatal depression.
Motivation to Change Direction in Life with a Little Help from a Digital Companion or a Professional Assistance
Authors: Allemand Mathias , Pfund Gabrielle N. , Hill Patrick L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines whether people are motivated to change their life direction at all, who is currently changing their purpose, and whether they prefer the assistance of a digital companion or a professional when changing their purpose. Adults (N = 792, 50.3% women) participated in a survey that addressed these questions. Across all participants, 53.4% said they wanted to change their life direction or were currently working on it, and among those respondents, 56.5% preferred support from a professional or digital companion. Results showed that lower life satisfaction, younger age, and identifying as a woman were associated with a greater likelihood of being motivated to change their purpose and a greater likelihood of actually making an effort to change their purpose, relative to not wanting to change their purpose. In addition, demographic variables helped distinguish participants who preferred support from a professional or a digital companion compared to those who did not.
The Message in a New Phase of Television: An Exploration of the Dichotomy of Good and Evil
Authors: Bingham Kevin P , Czapnik Slawomir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrawing on the ideas of several key sociologists, and the central argument that reality and representation have become blurred, this conceptual paper sets out to explore how television, one of the Big Seven leisure pursuits, has a damaging impact upon moral sightedness in a world where modernity has entered a state of flux. To link seemingly abstract ideas – those of ‘synopticism’, ‘reterotopia’ and ‘adiaphorization’ for example – and the language of poet-intellectuals with events and consequences occurring in people’s everyday lives, a selection of popular reality television shows and TV celebrities are considered. In its second part, the paper goes on to embrace intimations of hope. This is the hope that television can be used in experimental ways to stimulate moral consciousness. To further unpack this suggestion, the paper considers how television networks such as Channel 4, and shows such as Squid Games and Black Mirror, can excite moral impulses for the ‘Other’. In its conclusions, the paper explores whether the presiding message of television can be different to encourage viewers to question what is right and wrong.
Ein kritischer Blick auf die Idee eines Patient Preference ‚Predictors‘
Authors: Hiekel Susanne 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungWenn Patient*innen die Fähigkeit verlieren, in klinische Maßnahmen einzuwilligen, aber keine Patient*innen-Verfügung vorliegt, ist der mutmaßliche Wille zu ermitteln. Um dies besser als bislang gewährleisten zu können, wird der Einsatz eines Patient Preference Predictors diskutiert: ein Instrument, das auf der Basis algorithmischer Korrelationen (PPP) bzw. mit Hilfe eines Large Language Models (personalisierter PPP (P4)) die mutmaßliche Präferenz einer Person ermitteln soll. Ein Einsatz von PPPs/P4s ist allerdings kritisch zu sehen, da sowohl von epistemischer als auch von normativer Seite Bedenken anzumelden sind. So stellen nämlich rein korrelative Zusammenhänge keine adäquate Grundlage für die Ermittlung zu respektierender individueller (kontrafaktisch) autonomer Präferenzen dar. Der PPP ist daher abzulehnen. Bei einem P4 ist es fraglich, ob die notwendige Individualität und hinreichende Qualität der Präferenzermittlung gewährleistet werden kann. Sollte ein Ersatz menschlicher Stellvertreter*innen durch einen P4 erwogen werden, so ist zu kritisieren, dass notwendige Bedingungen zur Erfüllung des Prinzips des Respekts vor der Autonomie nicht erfüllt werden bzw. der darauf basierende Standard für stellvertretende Entscheidungen nicht gut eingehalten werden kann. Ein P4 sollte daher, wenn überhaupt, nur zur Unterstützung bei der Entscheidungsfindung herangezogen werden – und dies auch nur dann, wenn nachprüfbare Begründungen für eine Präferenzbestimmung durch den P4 bereitgestellt werden.
Incarceration Trends in Italy Between Rising ‘Punitiveness’ and ‘Penal Moderation’
Authors: Ronco Daniela , Torrente Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe article analyses Italian incarceration trends and the impact of prison population increases on the criminal punishment system as a whole. “Correlating prison and community justice trends: an outline of net-widening” presents the interpretative framework and illustrates four events in recent Italian history that can be considered ‘breaking points’ if compared to the ordinary prison expansionism observed since the 1990s. Moreover, in comparing prison population and alternatives to imprisonment trends, it describes how the considerable expansion of community justice measures in the last ten years can contribute to shaping a net-widening scenario. “Imprisonment trends in Italy: restraint after the boom?” analyses the specificities of the Italian prison system compared to those of other European countries: overcrowding, pre-trial detention rates, migrants’ penal control, and short-term sentences. In the conclusions, we consider the extent to which the recent evolution of prison trends and some Italian specificities can be read in terms of increasing ‘punitiveness’ or, conversely, ‘penal moderation’.
Parameter-Efficient Multi-classification Software Defect Detection Method Based on Pre-trained LLMs
Authors: Wang Xuanye , Lu Lu , Yang Zhanyu , Tian Qingyan , Lin Haisha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoftware Defect Detection (SDD) has always been critical to the development life cycle. A stable defect detection system can not only alleviate the workload of software testers but also enhance the overall efficiency of software development. Researchers have recently proposed various artificial intelligence-based SDD methods and achieved significant advancements. However, these methods still exhibit limitations in terms of reliability and usability. Therefore, we introduce MSDD-(IA)3, a novel framework leveraging the pre-trained CodeT5+ and (IA)3for parameter-efficient multi-classification SDD. This framework constructs a detection model based on pre-trained CodeT5+ to generate code representations while capturing defect-prone features. Considering the high overhead of pre-trained LLMs, we injects (IA)3vectors into specific layers, where only these injected parameters are updated to reduce the training cost. Furthermore, leveraging the properties of the pre-trained CodeT5+, we design a novel feature sequence that enriches the input data through the combination of source code with Natural Language (NL)-based expert metrics. Our experimental results on 64K real-world Python snippets show that MSDD-(IA)3demonstrates superior performance compared to state-of-the-art SDD methods, including PM2-CNN, in terms of F1-weighted, Recall-weighted, Precision-weighted, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient. Notably, the training parameters of MSDD-(IA)3are only 0.04% of those of the original CodeT5+. Our experimental data and code can be available at (https://gitee.com/wxyzjp123/msdd-ia3/).
CRGF-YOLO: An Optimized Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Model Based on YOLOv5 for Detection of Steel Surface Defects
Authors: Yu Tao , Luo Xu , Li Qiang , Li Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe identification of imperfections on steel surfaces is vital for ensuring the quality of industrial products. It requires the capability of real-time detection with high accuracy. This paper proposes the CRGF-YOLO (Contextual Reparameterized Generalized Feature) model based on YOLOv5. In the network, BottleneckCSP structures and depthwise separable convolutions utilizing the structural reparameterization are introduced to reduce the model size and improve performance. In addition, contextual transformer modules are employed as self-attention mechanisms to improve feature representations by capturing long-range dependencies, outperforming conventional convolutional networks. Furthermore, the simplified generalized feature pyramid network is embedded to aggregate multi-scale feature maps and enhance the network’s robustness. Finally, four prediction heads with different sizes are employed to predict defects, which are supported by prior bounding boxes generated using k-means clustering algorithm. The Focal-EIOU (Exponential Intersection over Union) loss function is introduced to improve detection accuracy and expedite model convergence. The improved model achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 82.2% on the NEU-DET dataset, outperforming the baseline YOLOv5s by 7.7% mAP while maintaining real-time speeds. Comparative evaluations demonstrate CRGF-YOLO’s superior performance over previous state-of-the-art methods like Faster R-CNN (77.4% mAP), YOLOv3 (77.4% mAP), YOLOv7s (72.1% mAP), and YOLOv8s (78.7% mAP) for steel surface defect detection. Overall, this study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the advancement of defect detection technology.
Elucidating the Link Between Anxiety/Depression and Alzheimer’s Dementia in the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study
Authors: Ma Liwei , Tan Edwin C. K. , Bush Ashley I. , Masters Colin L. , Goudey Benjamin , Jin Liang , Pan Yijun , Group AIBL Research 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The associations between mood disorders (anxiety and depression) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) remain unclear.

Methods
Data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle (AIBL) study were subjected to logistic regression to determine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between anxiety/depression and MCI/AD. Effect modification by selected covariates was analysed using the likelihood ratio test.

Results
Cross-sectional analysis was performed to explore the association between anxiety/depression and MCI/AD among 2,209 participants with a mean [SD] age of 72.3 [7.4] years, of whom 55.4% were female. After adjusting for confounding variables, we found a significant increase in the odds of AD among participants with two mood disorders (anxiety: OR 1.65 [95% CI 1.04–2.60]; depression: OR 1.73 [1.12–2.69]). Longitudinal analysis was conducted to explore the target associations among 1,379 participants with a mean age of 71.2 [6.6] years, of whom 56.3% were female. During a mean follow-up of 5.0 [4.2] years, 163 participants who developed MCI/AD (refer to as PRO) were identified. Only anxiety was associated with higher odds of PRO after adjusting for covariates (OR 1.56 [1.03–2.39]). However, after additional adjustment for depression, the association became insignificant. Additionally, age, sex, and marital status were identified as effect modifiers for the target associations.

Conclusion
Our study provides supportive evidence that anxiety and depression impact on the evolution of MCI/AD, which provides valuable epidemiological insights that can inform clinical practice, guiding clinicians in offering targeted dementia prevention and surveillance programs to the at-risk populations.