bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Composite Resin Materials for Maxillomandibular Fixation in Cats for Treatment of Jaw Fractures and Temporomandibular Joint Luxations
Authors: Hoffer Melissa , Manfra Marretta Sandra , Kurath Peter , Johnson Ann , Griffon Dominique , Schaeffer David , Pijanowski Gerald , Przywara John 
Published: January 2011

Objective: To identify a method of composite application for maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) in cats that ensures the material will remain bonded during convalescence but be easy to remove with a low complication rate.Study Design: Experimental studySample Population: Feline cadavers (n=88).Methods: MMF was applied using composite to 4 groups of 22 feline cadaver heads each. The protocols were: group CR: acid etch and composite resin; group CR+: acid etch, bonding agent, and composite resin; group FR50: partial surface acid etch and flowable composite resin; group FR100: complete surface acid etch and flowable composite resin. Removal time and complication rate were noted. Load to failure was determined by tensile loading.Results: Load to failure was similar for groups CR and CR+ and for groups FR50 and FR100; however, load to failure for groups FR50 and FR100 was higher than groups CR and CR+ (P<.01). Time for material removal for group FR100 was longer (P<.01) and the complication rate was higher (P<.01) compared with the groups CR, CR+, and FR50, with no significant differences in removal times and complication rate between the latter groups. The most frequent complication during material removal in group FR100 was crown fracture.Conclusions: Partial coronal surface acid etch before use of flowable composite maintained a strong bond, yet resulted in easy material removal with a low complication rate.
Culture Change Models and Resident Health Outcomes in Long‐Term Care
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Kolanowski Ann M. , Milone‐Nuzzo Paula , Yevchak Andrea 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Purpose: To examine the scientific evidence for the effect of comprehensive culture change model implementation on resident health outcomes in long‐term care. Design: In this integrated review, an electronic literature search was conducted for studies that examined the effect of comprehensive culture change models on long‐term care residents’ physical and psychosocial health. Methods: Eleven articles were thoroughly reviewed for outcomes related to resident health, and findings were integrated across models. Each study was assigned a level of evidence rating using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines and an overall recommendation grade was determined. Findings: Evaluation of the literature indicates that results are conflicting, although potential resident benefits as a result of model implementation may exist, particularly in regard to psychosocial health outcomes. Conclusions: Evidence regarding long‐term care residents’ health outcomes after comprehensive culture change model implementation is inconsistent, and the grade of the evidence makes practice recommendations difficult at this time. However, integrated findings across studies demonstrate potential psychosocial benefits to long‐term care residents. Clinical Relevance: Nurses working in long‐term care play a crucial role in the success of culture change initiatives as well as the health outcomes of residents. Empirical evidence for the effect of comprehensive culture change models on resident health outcomes supports reasonable expectations of their implementation and indicates areas for future research and translation into practice.
The Power of Observation
Authors: Clark David A. 
Published: January 2011

Citation  Clark DA. The power of observation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 71–75Problem  In the golden age of evidence‐based medicine, how should one view the cohort‐controlled study of IVIG + anti‐TNF‐α (Humira) in recurrent in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure patients with an elevated Th1/Th2 cytokine production ratio.Method  Critical analysis of the nature of evidence for causation.Results A better delivery rate and a live birth rate per embryo approaching the estimated maximum possible in patients whose elevated Th1/Th2 ratio corrected to normal compared to those with an incomplete correction is a strong argument for causation. A maximal improvement when treatment was given 61–120 days before embryo transfer suggests a possible mechanism via improving the physiology during follicle development.Conclusion  Independent replication to verify results would augment power.
Four newly recorded species of subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from North Korea
Authors: BYUN Bong‐Kyu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFour species of the subfamily Olethreutinae based on the materials in the Hungarian Natural History Museum are added to the North Korean fauna: Ancylis melanostigma Kuznetsov, Ancylis sativa Liu, Eucoenogenes japonica Kawabe and Eucosma glebana (Snellen). Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided with brief comments on the distribution.
Electroantennogram and flight orientation response of Cotesia plutellae to hexane extract of cruciferous host plants and larvae of Plutella xylostella
Authors: SEENIVASAGAN Thangaraj , PAUL A. V. Navarajan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe braconid wasp Cotesia plutellae is an important larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella, which a major pest of crucifers in the tropics and subtropics. The peripheral olfactory responses of antennal chemoreceptors of C. plutellae to various cruciferous host plants of DBM and host larval body (cuticle) extracts were examined by electroantennogram (EAG) detection and the behavioral response to a concentration of 1% was analyzed in a Y‐tube olfactometer. Females of C. plutellae exhibited dose‐dependant EAG response for all the extracts tested. Antennal stimulation with 0.1 and 1% concentrations elicited stronger EAG responses than lower concentrations for all the extracts. Host plant extracts were more stimulatory to virgin females, while gravid females exhibited increased antennal sensitivity to host larval body extract odors. In the flight orientation studies, virgin females exhibited increased orientation toward host plant extracts, while gravid females oriented more toward host larval body odors. The EAG response profile and the corresponding orientation behavior revealed a differential preference by the parasitoid wasp to host plant and host‐related cues. Mustard and cauliflower extracts were more attractive to females than other extracts. The possible behavioral manipulation of this specialist parasitoid using these extracts for effective biological control of diamondback moth is discussed.
Cellular and humoral immune defenses of Oxya japonica (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: ANGGRAENI Tjandra , MELANIE  , PUTRA Ramadhani Eka 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOne Indonesian isolate of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, named Majalengka strain, was evaluated not only for its virulence but also for the immune response of rice grasshopper Oxya japonica (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a target organism. Five aqueous suspensions with different conidia concentrations in logarithmic series were prepared. The fungus showed high virulence as it caused 100% mortality at low conidia concentration (1.5 × 102 conidia/mL). Remarkable changes in the cellular and humoral responses were also observed when adult grasshoppers were infected with the fungus. The number of hemocytes decreased significantly within 12 h after infection. In addition, the total number of granulocytes increased rapidly in the first 12 h then gradually decreased 24 and 48 h after infections, while the number of coagulocytes fluctuated over time. The infection influenced the humoral response by increasing the phenoloxidase activity.
Black light trap collections in Wangging county and Yanji city, Jilin Province, China, August 2006–2007
Authors: SHIN E‐Hyun , LEE Wook‐Gyo , CHANG Kyu‐Sik , CHOI Young‐Mi , LEE Hee‐Il , JIN Longzhu , LI Jixu , CHEN Longnan , LEE Dong‐Kyu , PARK Chan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAdult mosquito surveillance was conducted using black light traps in August of 2006 and 2007 at Wangging county and Yanji city, Jilin Province, China to identify the distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in northern China. A total of 2459 female mosquitoes comprising three genera and eight species including Anopheles (Anopheles) lesteri, An. (Ano.) kleini, An. (Ano.) pullus, Culex inatomii, Cx. orientalis, Cx. pipiens, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus and Aedes vexans nipponii were collected. The most commonly collected species was An. kleini which had not been previously reported from China. Anopheles sinensis sensu stricto is commonly collected throughout China, but was not collected from these areas.
Hvmar1, a mariner‐like element from the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, can transpose in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: KIM Yu Jung , HAN Tiffany S. , MILLER Thomas A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTransposable elements of the mariner family are widespread and have been found in the genome of plants, animals and insects. However, most of these elements contain multiple inactivating mutations and so far, only three naturally occurring mariner elements are known to be functional. In a previous study, a mariner‐like element called Hvmar1 was discovered in the genome of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens. Further analysis of the Hvmar1 nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of 30‐bp imperfect inverted terminal repeats and an intact open reading frame, which is considered to encode a functional transposase. In the present study, we show that the Hvmar1 element is active using interplasmid transposition assays in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. When injected into Drosophila embryos, the helper plasmid produced a transposase that was able to mediate transposition of the Hvmar1 element from a donor to a target plasmid. The transposition efficiency of Hvmar1 in D. melanogaster is approximately 11‐fold lower than that of the well‐known Mos1 mariner transposon. However, this efficiency is comparable to those observed previously with Mos1 in non‐Drosophila insects. We identified 10 independent interplasmid transposition events, albeit the recovery of these events was rare. In each case the Hvmar1 element transposed in a precise manner, with the characteristic TA dinucleotides being duplicated on insertion. Furthermore, two of the target sites identified have been used previously by Mos1 for insertion. The active transposition of Hvmar1 in D. melanogaster provides a basis for examining the mobility of this element in its natural host as well as a starting point for comparative studies with Mos1 and other functional mariner transposons.
Photoexcitation of Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: An Electron Spin Resonance Spin Trapping Study of Potentially Oxidative Reactions
Authors: Dodd Nicholas J. F. , Jha Awadhesh N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIt is well‐established that exposure of aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to ultraviolet A (UVA) light produces reactive oxygen species which leads to biological damage. However, there is disagreement in the literature as to the exact nature of these species and how they are formed. Using a number of different spin traps (i.e.PBN, POBN, DMPO, DEPMPO), we have shown that the primary damaging species produced on irradiation of an aqueous suspension of TiO2is the hydroxyl radical, which is formed at the valence band hole under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Hydroxyl radical production is enhanced by the presence of oxygen which probably reacts with the conduction band electrons or resultant Ti3+, inhibiting hole‐electron recombination, although we find no evidence of reaction of oxygen to form free superoxide radical anions or of the formation of any other radical at that site. The present results suggest that the resulting O2•−species may not be as labile as previously thought and may possibly undergo further reduction to the O22−dianion. Hydroxyl radicals formed at the surface of the TiO2readily react with substrates containing an abstractable hydrogen to produce secondary radicals that, in biological systems, could lead to cell damage.
Wolbachia detection: an assessment of standard PCR Protocols
Authors: SIMÕES P. M. , MIALDEA G. , REISS D. , SAGOT M.‐F. , CHARLAT S. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Wolbachia is a large monophyletic genus of intracellular bacteria, traditionally detected using PCR assays. Its considerable phylogenetic diversity and impact on arthropods and nematodes make it urgent to assess the efficiency of these screening protocols. The sensitivity and range of commonly used PCR primers and of a new set of 16S primers were evaluated on a wide range of hosts and Wolbachia strains. We show that certain primer sets are significantly more efficient than others but that no single protocol can ensure the specific detection of all known Wolbachia infections.
Acute severe ulcerative colitis: timing is everything
Authors: Gulliford Stephen R , Limdi Jimmy K 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
The idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases comprise mainly two types of intestinal disorder, Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. The clinical course is marked by exacerbations and remissions that occur spontaneously in response to treatment or intercurrent illness. The disease affects approximately 240 000 patients in the UK. Acute severe ulcerative colitis is a medical emergency; prompt effective treatment at the point of admission can avoid significant morbidity and be potentially life-saving. Although such patients need specialist management, it is imperative that emergency care physicians are aware of the important principles of management of this condition to achieve successful outcomes. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of initial therapy, but a third of patients will fail to respond, and further management involves critical and timely decisions on whether to use rescue therapy in the form of ciclosporin or infliximab without compromising the health or safety of the patient or to offer timely surgery. The evidence base for the choices for optimal management of this condition is presented.
Parallel High-Throughput RNA Interference Screens Identify PINK1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of DNA Mismatch Repair–Deficient Cancers
Authors: Martin Sarah A. , Hewish Madeleine , Sims David , Lord Christopher J. , Ashworth Alan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Synthetic lethal approaches to cancer treatment have the potential to deliver relatively large therapeutic windows and therefore significant patient benefit. To identify potential therapeutic approaches for cancers deficient in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), we have carried out parallel high-throughput RNA interference screens using tumor cell models of MSH2- and MLH1-related MMR deficiency. We show that silencing of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), is synthetically lethal with MMR deficiency in cells with MSH2, MLH1, or MSH6 dysfunction. Inhibition of PINK1 in an MMR-deficient background results in an elevation of reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of both nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative DNA lesions, which likely limit cell viability. Therefore, PINK1 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers characterized by MMR deficiency caused by a range of different gene deficiencies. Cancer Res; 71(5); 1836–48. ©2011 AACR.
Reversal of Severe Heart Failure With a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device and Pharmacological Therapy
Authors: Birks Emma J. , George Robert S. , Hedger Mike , Bahrami Toufan , Wilton Penny , Bowles Christopher T. , Webb Carole , Bougard Robert , Amrani Mohammed , Yacoub Magdi H. , Dreyfus Gilles , Khaghani Asghar 
Published: January 2011

Background—
We have previously shown that a specific combination of drug therapy and left ventricular assist device unloading results in significant myocardial recovery, sufficient to allow pump removal, in two thirds of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy receiving a Heartmate I pulsatile device. However, this protocol has not been used with nonpulsatile devices.

Methods and Results—

We report the results of a prospective study of 20 patients who received a combination of angiotensin-converting enzymes, β-blockers, angiotensin II inhibitors, and aldosterone antagonists followed by the β
2
-agonist clenbuterol and were regularly tested (echocardiograms, exercise tests, catheterizations) with the pump at low speed. Before left ventricular assist device insertion, patient age was 35.2±12.6 years (16 male patients), patients were on 2.0±0.9 inotropes, 7 (35) had an intra-aortic balloon pump, 2 were hemofiltered, 2 were ventilated, 3 had a prior Levitronix device, and 1 had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Cardiac index was 1.39±0.43 L · min
−1
· m
−2
, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 31.5±5.7 mm Hg, and heart failure history was 3.4±3.5 years. One patient was lost to follow-up and died after 240 days of support. Of the remaining 19 patients, 12 (63.2) were explanted after 286±97 days. Eight had symptomatic heart failure for ≤6 months and 4 for >6 months (48 to 132 months). Before explantation, at low flow for 15 minutes, ejection fraction was 70±7, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was 48.6±5.7 mm, left ventricular end-systolic diameter was 32.3±5.7 mm, mV̇
o
2
was 21.6±4 mL · kg
−1
· min
−1
, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 5.9±4.6 mm Hg, and cardiac index was 3.6±0.6 L · min
−1
· m
−2
. Estimated survival without heart failure recurrence was 83.3 at 1 and 3 years. After a 430.7±337.1-day follow-up, surviving explants had an ejection fraction of 58.1±13.8, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 59.0±9.3 mm, left ventricular end-systolic diameter of 42.0±10.7 mm, and mV̇
o
2
of 22.6±5.3 mL · kg
−1
· min
−1
.

Conclusions—
Reversal of end-stage heart failure secondary to nonischemic cardiomyopathy can be achieved in a substantial proportion of patients with nonpulsatile flow through the use of a combination of mechanical and pharmacological therapy.
Associations Between Acute Kidney Injury and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes After Coronary Angiography
Authors: James Matthew T. , Ghali William A. , Knudtson Merril L. , Ravani Pietro , Tonelli Marcello , Faris Peter , Pannu Neesh , Manns Braden J. , Klarenbach Scott W. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with early mortality after percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures, but its prognostic relevance to long-term clinical outcomes remains controversial.

Methods and Results—
We conducted a retrospective study of 14 782 adults who received coronary angiography in the province of Alberta, Canada, between 2004 and 2006. AKI was identified on the basis of changes in serum creatinine concentration within 7 days of the procedure according to AKI Network criteria. The associations between AKI and long-term outcomes, including mortality, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular and renal hospitalizations, were studied with the use of Cox regression of multiple failure times. The adjusted risk of death increased with increasing severity of AKI; compared with no AKI, the adjusted hazard ratio for death was 2.00 (95% confidence interval, 1.69 to 2.36) with stage 1 AKI and 3.72 (95% confidence interval, 2.92 to 4.76) with stage 2 or 3 AKI. The adjusted risk of end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy also increased according to the severity of AKI (hazard ratio, 4.15 [95% confidence interval, 2.32 to 7.42] and 11.74 [95% confidence interval, 6.38 to 21.59], respectively), as did the risks of subsequent hospitalizations for heart failure and acute renal failure.

Conclusions—
These findings inform the controversy surrounding AKI after angiography, demonstrating that it is a significant risk factor for long-term mortality, end-stage renal disease, and hospitalization for cardiovascular and renal events after coronary angiography.
Genetic Risk Score and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Hispanics
Authors: Qi Lu , Ma Jiantao , Qi Qibin , Hartiala Jaana , Allayee Hooman , Campos Hannia 
Published: January 2011

Background—
Genome-wide association studies have identified loci associated with coronary heart disease in whites of European ancestry. This study evaluated whether genetic markers previously identified in whites are associated with nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (MI) in Hispanics.

Methods and Results—

Cases (n=1989) with a first nonfatal acute MI and population-based controls (n=2096) living in Costa Rica were studied. Fourteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms at 3 independent loci showed significant associations with MI. The odds ratios for the loci with the strongest associations were 1.16 (95 confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.27) for rs4977574 (
CDKN2A/2B
), 1.15 (95 CI, 1.03 to 1.29) for rs646776 (
CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1
), and 1.22 (95 CI, 1.08 to 1.38) for rs501120 (
CXCL12
); the corresponding PARs were 6.8, 10.5, and 15.2; respectively. We developed a genetic risk score by summing the number of the top 3 associated risk alleles. The OR for MI per genetic risk score unit was 1.18 (95 CI, 1.11 to 1.25;
P
=4.83×10
−8
). Discrimination of MI was significantly improved (
P
=0.02) when the genetic risk score was added to a model including clinical predictors. However, the increase in the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve after the genetic risk score was added was moderate, from 0.67 (95 CI, 0.65 to 0.69) to 0.68 (95 CI, 0.66 to 0.70).

Conclusions—
These results indicate both the consistency and disparity of genetic effects on risk of MI between Hispanic and white populations. The improvement in the identified genetic markers on discrimination of MI in Hispanics was modest.