bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined analysis of the effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress on DNA methylation and the transcriptome in HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblast cells
Authors: Yan Xinjing , Fang Yang , Yuan Yujie , Ding Yangnan , Yu Haiyang , Li Yina , Shi Qianqian , Gao Yongrui , Zhou Xinyuan , Zhang Dongxin , Yuan Enwu , Zhou Hongwei , Zhao Xin , Zhang Linlin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe alterations in DNA methylation and transcriptome in trophoblast cells under conditions of low oxygen and oxidative stress have major implications for pregnancy‐related disorders. However, the exact mechanism is still not fully understood. In this study, we established models of hypoxia (H group) and oxidative stress (HR group) using HTR‐8/SVneo trophoblast cells and performed combined analysis of genome‐wide DNA methylation changes using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome expression changes using RNA sequencing. Our findings revealed that the H group exhibited a higher number of differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes than the HR group. In the H group, only 0.90% of all differentially expressed genes displayed simultaneous changes in DNA methylation and transcriptome expression. After the threshold was expanded, this number increased to 6.29% in the HR group. Notably, both the H group and HR group exhibited concurrent alterations in DNA methylation and transcriptome expression within Axon guidance and MAPK signalling pathway. Among the top 25 differentially methylated KEGG pathways in the promoter region, 11 pathways were commonly enriched in H group and HR group, accounting for 44.00%. Among the top 25 KEGG pathways in transcriptome with significant differences between the H group and HR group, 10 pathways were consistent, accounting for 40.00%. By integrating our previous data on DNA methylation from preeclamptic placental tissues, we identified that the ANKRD37 and PFKFB3 genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia through DNA methylation‐mediated transcriptome expression under hypoxic conditions.
An analysis of AURKB's prognostic and immunological roles across various cancers
Authors: Li Jun , Cheng Cui , Zhang Jiajun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAurora kinase B (AURKB), an essential regulator in the process of mitosis, has been revealed through various studies to have a significant role in cancer development and progression. However, the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study, therefore, seeks to elucidate the multifaceted role of AURKB in diverse cancer types. This study utilized bioinformatics techniques to examine the transcript, protein, promoter methylation and mutation levels of AURKB. The study further analysed associations between AURKB and factors such as prognosis, pathological stage, biological function, immune infiltration, tumour mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). In addition, immunohistochemical staining data of 50 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma and its adjacent normal tissues were collected to verify the difference in protein expression of AURKB in the two tissues. The results show that AURKB is highly expressed in most cancers, and the protein level of AURKB and the methylation level of its promoter vary among cancer types. Survival analysis showed that AURKB was associated with overall survival in 12 cancer types and progression‐free survival in 11 cancer types. Elevated levels of AURKB were detected in the advanced stages of 10 different cancers. AURKB has a potential impact on cancer progression through its effects on cell cycle regulation as well as inflammatory and immune‐related pathways. We observed a strong association between AURKB and immune cell infiltration, immunomodulatory factors, TMB and MSI. Importantly, we confirmed that the AURKB protein is highly expressed in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Our study reveals that AURKB may be a potential biomarker for pan‐cancer and KIRC.
Titanium dioxide in face powders and eyeshadows: Developing an analytical methodology for accessing customer safety
Authors: Amorello Diana , Ferrara Marzia , Orecchio Santino 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTitanium dioxide (TiO2), a white powder, represents the opacifier used in many products, including drugs, foods, cosmetics, paints, and dyes.MethodThe Uv‐Vis spectrophotometry was a particularly suitable technique to quantify TiO2 in the solutions obtained from cosmetics. In this work, we determined the TiO2 content in a total of 88 samples of eye shadows and face powders of different brands and costs. Before to analyse the samples, we developed the mineralization and analysis method, in fact, fusion with potassium bisulphate would be very laborious because it must be carried out on one sample at a time and requires very long times, instead, the mineralization with the acid mixture and the aid of microwaves allowed us to solubilize six samples at the same time within 45 min.ResultsFrom the results obtained, we can state that the highest concentrations of TiO2 are found in the eyeshadows with a maximum value of 36% in a blue eyeshadow.
Perspective on oral processing of plant‐based beverages
Authors: George Gintu Sara , Fleming Craig J. , Upadhyay Rituja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAround the world, the market for plant‐derived beverages is one of the fastest‐expanding segments in the functional and specialty beverage areas of newer food product development. Consumers are increasingly likely to choose alternatives to bovine beverages due to factors including lactose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia prevalence, allergies to bovine beverages, and preference for vegan diets that contain functionally active ingredients with health‐promoting characteristics. Due to health, ecological, and ethical concerns, many customers are interested in reducing their usage of animal products like bovine milk. A variety of plant‐based beverage substitutes are being created by the food sector as a result. To create viable alternatives, it is first necessary to provide an overview of the chemical composition, structure, features, and nutritional attributes of ordinary bovine milk. Sensory acceptability in the case of substitutes for beverages made from legumes is a significant barrier to their widespread acceptance, and thus saliva acts as a sophisticated fluid that serves a variety of purposes in the cavity of the mouth. Designing and producing next‐generation plant‐based beverages that mimic the physicochemical and functional qualities of conventional bovine‐based beverages is gaining popularity, and many of these products can be thought of as colloidal materials that contain the particles or polymers that give them their unique qualities NG‐PB foods can have a wide range of rheological qualities, such as fluids with low viscosity (such as plant‐based beverages), high‐viscosity liquids (like creams), soft liquids (like yogurt), as well as hard solids (such as some cheeses).
Limited effects of xylem anatomy on embolism resistance in cycad leaves
Authors: Jiang Guo‐Feng , Qin Bo‐Tao , Pang Yu‐Kun , Qin Lan‐Li , Pereira Luciano , Roddy Adam B. 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Drought‐induced xylem embolism is a primary cause of plant mortality. Although c. 70% of cycads are threatened by extinction and extant cycads diversified during a period of increasing aridification, the vulnerability of cycads to embolism spread has been overlooked.

We quantified the vulnerability to drought‐induced embolism, pressure–volume curves, in situ water potentials, and a suite of xylem anatomical traits of leaf pinnae and rachises for 20 cycad species. We tested whether anatomical traits were linked to hydraulic safety in cycads.

Compared with other major vascular plant clades, cycads exhibited similar embolism resistance to angiosperms and pteridophytes but were more vulnerable to embolism than noncycad gymnosperms. All 20 cycads had both tracheids and vessels, the proportions of which were unrelated to embolism resistance. Only vessel pit membrane fraction was positively correlated to embolism resistance, contrary to angiosperms. Water potential at turgor loss was significantly correlated to embolism resistance among cycads.

Our results show that cycads exhibit low resistance to xylem embolism and that xylem anatomical traits – particularly vessels – may influence embolism resistance together with tracheids. This study highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of drought resistance in evolutionarily unique and threatened lineages like the cycads.
Introduction
Authors: Hearne Siobhán , Campbell Ian W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis cluster of articles explores the gendered history of the military in the Russian imperial and Soviet contexts during periods of imperial conquest, war, and their complex aftermaths. The cluster began at the 2021 ASEEES virtual convention, when the contributors joined the Zoom panel while their respective countries were in various stages of lockdown. Chronologically, the cluster stretches from the middle of the nineteenth century to the 1960s, with two articles on the Russian Empire and two covering the Soviet period. From the imperial borderlands of the Caucasus in the nineteenth century to the Nazi‐occupied western frontiers of the Soviet Union during the Second World War, ideas about appropriate feminine and masculine behavior shaped the enactment of and reactions to violence. Veterans of the Russo‐Japanese and Second World Wars drew on vocabularies of military masculinity to claim authority within their respective postwar societies. In this short introduction, we reflect on the relationship between gender history and military history and underline the importance of integrating the Russian/Soviet case into international historiographies of gender and war.
Minimum Intensity of Daily Six Eccentric Contractions to Increase Muscle Strength and Size
Authors: Yoshida Riku , Murakami Yuta , Kasahara Kazuki , Sato Shigeru , Nosaka Kazunori , Nakamura Masatoshi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTOur previous study showed that daily six maximal eccentric contractions that were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks increased maximal voluntary isometric (MVC‐ISO), concentric (MVC‐CON), and eccentric contraction (MVC‐ECC) strength of the elbow flexors and muscle thickness of biceps brachii and brachialis (MT) by 8.3 ± 4.9%, 11.1 ± 7.4%, 13.5 ± 11.5%, and 10.6 ± 5.1%, respectively. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscle strength and MT would still increase when the training intensity was reduced to 2/3 or 1/3 of the peak MVC‐ECC torque. Thirty‐six healthy young (19–24 years) adults who had not performed resistance training were placed to three groups (n = 12/group): 2/3MVC or 1/3MVC that performed six eccentric contractions with 2/3 or 1/3 MVC‐ECC load using a dumbbell 5 days a week for 4 weeks or control group that did not perform any training. Changes in the MVC‐ISO, MVC‐CON, MVC‐ECC torque, and MT before and after the 4‐week period were compared among the groups and with the group of the previous study in which six maximal eccentric contractions were performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks (MVC group; n = 12). The control and 1/3MVC groups showed no significant changes in any measures. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in MVC‐ISO (10.3 ± 11.4%), MVC‐CON (10.9 ± 9.5%), and MVC‐ECC (9.3 ± 8.8%) torque and MT (10.1 ± 9.2%) were observed for the 2/3MVC group. These changes were not significantly different from those of the MVC group. These results suggest that the 2/3‐intensity eccentric contractions with a dumbbell are as effective as maximal‐intensity isokinetic eccentric contractions to induce muscle adaptations.
Obstacles of Instructors in Writing and Publishing International Journal Articles: A Study of Theological Schools in Indonesia
Authors: Leo Sutanto , Suryaningsih Eko Wahyu , Nugraeni Giarti 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to investigate obstacles faced by Indonesian theological schools' lecturers in writing and publishing international journal articles. Using a thematic analysis technique, qualitative information from in‐depth interviews with 18 lecturers was examined, and 216 lecturers' quantitative responses were examined using the Likert scale. The findings show that the lecturers have barriers particularly in terms of fluency, structure, diction, and writing techniques in writing English language journal articles. They encounter issues with research financing, publication costs, and journal article publication standards. It is proposed that in order to overcome these barriers, the lecturers should be guided and given training on how to use English, particularly while writing articles. In addition, their institutions should reconsider their policies on transfer of funding due to the barriers' existing policies pose to research funding and publication.
Winged horses, rascals and discourse referents
Authors: Stokke Andreas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses some remarks Kaplan made in ‘Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice’ concerning empty names. I show how his objections to a particular view involving descriptions derived from Ramsification can be avoided by a nearby alternative framed in terms of discourse reference. I offer a treatment of empty names as variables carrying presuppositions concerning unique occupants of roles, or sets of properties, determined by the originating discourse.
2024 Guidelines for reporting radiation therapy in veterinary medicine
Authors: Willows Brooke , Melhus Christopher 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvidence‐based medicine drives patient care decision‐making; thus, accurate and complete reporting in scientific publications is paramount. A checklist for complete reporting of veterinary radiation therapy was proposed in 2012 using the recommendations of the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). The purpose of this study is to review the 2012 checklist and propose updates based on changes in technology. Significant technology advancements have gained traction in veterinary medicine, including intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT), both of which have related modality‐specific ICRU reporting recommendations. The 2012 checklist and proposed 2024 checklist are then used to assess the completeness of reporting in veterinary radiation oncology publications between 2015 and 2022, of which one hundred and eight publications met the inclusion criteria. Prior to the publication of the 2012 checklist (2005–2010), only nine checklist items showed a good level of completeness in reporting, and from 2015 to 2022, this increased to 16 items. Encouraging and/or requiring the use of reporting checklists at the time of manuscript submission may be responsible for this improvement in reporting. Using the 2024 checklist, which is more relevant to publications discussing IMRT and SRT treatments, only 14 of the analyzed checklist items (34%) show a good level of completeness in reporting, suggesting there is a need for updated guidelines to capture the nuances of advanced techniques. This study proposes a 2024 checklist that can be used as a guideline for future reporting of radiation therapy in veterinary medicine.
Collagen architecture and biomechanics of gracilis and adductor longus muscles from children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Wohlgemuth Ross P. , Kulkarni Vedant A. , Villalba Marie , Davids Jon R. , Smith Lucas R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) describes some upper motoneuron disorders due to non‐progressive disturbances occurring in the developing brain that cause progressive changes to muscle. While longer sarcomeres increase muscle stiffness in patients with CP compared to typically developing (TD) patients, changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture can increase stiffness. Our goal was to investigate how changes in muscle and ECM architecture impact muscle stiffness, gait and joint function in CP. Gracilis and adductor longus biopsies were collected from children with CP undergoing tendon lengthening surgery for hamstring and hip adduction contractures, respectively. Gracilis biopsies were collected from TD patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery with hamstring autograft. Muscle mechanical testing, two‐photon imaging and hydroxyproline assay were performed on biopsies. Corresponding data were compared to radiographic hip displacement in CP adductors (CPA), gait kinematics in CP hamstrings (CPH), and joint range of motion in CPA and CPH. We found at matched sarcomere lengths muscle stiffness and collagen architecture were similar between TD and CP hamstrings. However, CPH stiffness (R2 = 0.1973), collagen content (R2 = 0.5099) and cross‐linking (R2 = 0.3233) were correlated to decreased knee range of motion. Additionally, we observed collagen fibres within the muscle ECM increase alignment during muscular stretching. These data demonstrate that while ECM architecture is similar between TD and CP hamstrings, collagen fibres biomechanics are sensitive to muscle strain and may be altered at longer in vivo sarcomere lengths in CP muscle. Future studies could evaluate the impact of ECM architecture on TD and CP muscle stiffness across in vivo operating ranges.
imageKey points
At matched sarcomere lengths, gracilis muscle mechanics and collagen architecture are similar in TD patients and patients with CP.
In both TD and CP muscles, collagen fibres dynamically increase their alignment during muscle stretching.
Aspects of muscle mechanics and collagen architecture are predictive of in vivo knee joint motion and radiographic hip displacement in patients with CP.
Longer sarcomere lengths in CP muscle in vivo may alter collagen architecture and biomechanics to drive deficits in joint mobility and gait function.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous delafloxacin in healthy subjects: model-based dose optimization
Authors: Lv Jiong-Xian , Huang Yi-Huan , Kafauit Farah , Wang Yuan-Hui , Su Chang , Ma Jun-Heng , Xu Yan , Huang Chao-Chao , Zhang Qing , Su Yu-Wen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Delafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic to treat skin infections, exhibits a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The first randomized, open-label phase I clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous delafloxacin in the Chinese population. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model based on the clinical trial was conducted by NONMEM software. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of delafloxacin at different doses in different Chinese populations. The PK characteristics of delafloxacin were best described by a three-compartment model with mixed linear and nonlinear clearance. Body weight was included as a covariate in the model. We simulated the AUC
0-24h
in a steady state at five doses in patient groups of various weights. The results indicated that for patients weighing 70 kg and treated with methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections, a minimum dose of 300 mg achieved a PTA > 90% at MIC
90
of 0.25 µg/mL, suggesting an ideal bactericidal effect. For patients weighing less than 60 kg, a dose of 200 mg achieved a PTA > 90% at MIC
90
of 0.25 µg/mL, also suggesting an ideal bactericidal effect. Additionally, this trial demonstrated the high safety of delafloxacin in single-dose and multiple-dose groups of Chinese. Delafloxacin (300 mg, q12h, iv) was recommended for achieving optimal efficacy in Chinese bacterial skin infections patients. To ensure optimal efficacy, an individualized dose of 200 mg (q12h, iv) could be advised for patients weighing less than 60 kg, and 300 mg (q12h, iv) for those weighing more than 60 kg.
Development and evaluation of an intensive short course: the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Interdisciplinary Instructional Institute (QMRA III)
Authors: Mitchell Jade , Li Hongwan , Weir Mark H. , Libarkin Julie , Pasek Emily 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a growing interdisciplinary field addressing exposures to microbial pathogens and infectious disease processes. Risk science is inherently interdisciplinary, but few of the contributing disciplinary programs offer courses and training specifically in QMRA. To develop multidisciplinary training in QMRA, an annual 10-day long intensive workshop was conducted from 2015 to 2019—the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Interdisciplinary Instructional Institute (QMRA III). National leaders in the fields of public health, engineering, microbiology, epidemiology, communications, public policy, and QMRA served as instructors and mentors over the course of the program. To provide cross-training, multidisciplinary teams of 5–6 trainees were created from the approximately 30 trainees each year. A formal assessment of the program was performed based on observations and surveys containing Likert-type scales and open-ended prompts. In addition, a longitudinal alumni survey was also disseminated to facilitate the future redevelopment of QMRA institutes and determine the impact of the program. Across all years, trainees experienced statistically significant increases (
P
< 0.05) in their perceptions of their QMRA abilities (e.g., use of specific computer programs) and knowledge of QMRA constructs (e.g., risk management). In addition, 12 publications, three conference presentations, and two research grants were derived from the QMRA III institute projects or tangential research. The success of QMRA III indicates that a short course format can effectively address many multidisciplinary training needs. Key features of QMRA III, including the inter-disciplinary training approach, hands-on exercises, real-world institute projects, and interaction through a mentoring process, were vital for training multidisciplinary teams housing multiple forms of expertise. Future QMRA institutes are being redeveloped to leverage hybrid learning formats that can further the multidisciplinary training and mentoring objectives.