bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) expression in human ductal carcinoma correlates with disease stage and contributes to metastasis
Authors: Bi Xiaohui , Hameed Meera , Mirani Neena , Pimenta Erica Maria , Anari Jason , Barnes Betsy J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Introduction
New signaling pathways of the interleukin (IL) family, interferons (IFN) and interferon regulatory factors (IRF) have recently been found within tumor microenvironments and in metastatic sites. Some of these cytokines stimulate while others inhibit breast cancer proliferation and/or invasion. IRFs, a family of nine mammalian transcription factors, have multiple biologic functions that when dysregulated may contribute to tumorigenesis; most well-known are their roles in regulating/initiating host immunity. Some IRF family members have been implicated in tumorigenesis yet little is still known of their expression in primary human tumors or their role(s) in disease development/progression. IRF5 is one of the newer family members to be studied and has been shown to be a critical mediator of host immunity and the cellular response to DNA damage. Here, we examined the expression of IRF5 in primary breast tissue and determined how loss of expression may contribute to breast cancer development and/or progression.

Methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival breast tissue specimens from patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were examined for their expression of IRF1 and IRF5. Knockdown or overexpression of IRF5 in MCF-10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 mammary epithelial cell lines was used to examine the role of IRF5 in growth inhibition, invasion and tumorigenesis.

Results
Analysis of IRF expression in human breast tissues revealed the unique down-regulation of IRF5 in patients with different grades of DCIS and IDC as compared to IRF1; loss of IRF5 preceded that of IRF1 and correlated with increased invasiveness. Overexpression of IRF5 in breast cancer cells inhibited in vitro and in vivo cell growth and sensitized them to DNA damage. Complementary experiments with IRF5 siRNAs made normal mammary epithelial cells resistant to DNA damage. By 3-D culture, IRF5 overexpression reverted MDA-MB-231 to normal acini-like structures; cells overexpressing IRF5 had decreased CXCR4 expression and were insensitive to SDF-1/CXCL12-induced migration. These findings were confirmed by CXCR4 promoter reporter assays.

Conclusions
IRF5 is an important tumor suppressor that regulates multiple cellular processes involved in the conversion of normal mammary epithelial cells to tumor epithelial cells with metastatic potential.
Breast Cancer Survivors' Perceptions of Survivorship Care Options
Authors: Mayer Erica L. , Gropper Adrienne B. , Neville Bridget A. , Partridge Ann H. , Cameron Danielle B. , Winer Eric P. , Earle Craig C. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose As the number of breast cancer survivors increases, a durable model of comprehensive survivor care is needed, incorporating providers and/or visit types both within and outside of oncology. The objective of this study was to explore survivors' comfort with different clinician types or with a telephone/Internet-based virtual visit as components of survivorship care. Methods Breast cancer survivors participating in a general survivorship survey completed an additional breast cancer–specific questionnaire evaluating the self-perceived impact of follow-up visits to various clinician types, or follow-up by a virtual visit, on survival, worrying, and stress related to cancer. Results A total of 218 breast cancer survivors completed the questionnaire. Most favored medical oncologist follow-up visits over those with primary care physicians (PCPs) or nurse practitioners (NPs) in terms of reduced worrying about cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.21; P < .001), reduced stress around the visit (OR, 1.40; P = .002), and improved effect on cancer survival (OR, 2.38; P < .001). However, the majority also displayed substantial comfort with both PCPs and NPs in the same domains. Patients rated a virtual visit as having a less favorable impact on cancer survival and cancer-related worrying compared with in-person visits with clinicians. Conclusion Breast cancer survivors are comfortable with both PCPs and NPs providing follow-up care, although they indicate a preference for medical oncologists. Given patients' negative impressions of a virtual visit, increased familiarity with and research investigating this emerging concept are needed. The NP-led survivorship clinic model, with increased guidance for PCPs, offers a promising route for improving quality of and satisfaction with survivor care.
Familial Aggregation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Goldin Lynn R. , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. , Liang Xueying Sharon , Derolf Åsa R. , Landgren Ola , Björkholm Magnus 
Published: December 2011

Purpose Apart from rare pedigrees with multiple cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there is limited data on familial aggregation of AML and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) in the population. Patients and Methods Swedish population-based registry data were used to evaluate risk of AML, MDS, and other malignancies among 24,573 first-degree relatives of 6,962 patients with AML and 1,388 patients with MDS compared with 106,224 first-degree relatives of matched controls. We used a marginal survival model to calculate familial aggregation. Results AML and/or MDS did not aggregate significantly in relatives of patients with AML. There was a modest risk ratio (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.8) in myeloproliferative/myeloid malignancies combined. The risks for any hematologic or any solid tumor were modestly but significantly increased. Relatives of patients with MDS did not show an increased risk for any hematologic tumors. In contrast, we found a significantly increased risk (RR, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 38.0) of AML/MDS and of all myeloid malignancies combined (RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0 to 9.8) among relatives of patients diagnosed at younger than age 21 years. Conclusion We did not find evidence for familial aggregation of the severe end of the spectrum of myeloid malignancies (AML and MDS). The risks of myeloproliferative neoplasms were modestly increased with trends toward significance, suggesting a possible role of inheritance. In contrast, although limited in sample size, relatives of young patients with AML were at increased risk of AML/MDS, suggesting that germline genes may play a stronger role in these patients. The increased risk of all hematologic malignancies and of solid tumors among relatives of patients with AML suggests that genes for malignancy in general and/or other environmental factors may be shared.
neb: a zebrafish model of nemaline myopathy due to nebulin mutation
Authors: Telfer William R. , Nelson Darcee D. , Waugh Trent , Brooks Susan V. , Dowling James J. 
Published: December 2011

Summary
Nemaline myopathy is one of the most common and severe non-dystrophic muscle diseases of childhood. Patients typically present in infancy with hypotonia, weakness, delayed motor development, and bulbar and respiratory difficulties. Mutations in six different genes are associated with nemaline myopathy, with nebulin mutations being the most common. No treatments or disease-modifying therapies have been identified for this disease. One of the major barriers to treatment development is the lack of models amenable to rapid and coordinated testing of potential therapeutic strategies. To overcome this barrier, we have characterized the first zebrafish model of nemaline myopathy. This model, termed neb, harbors a recessive mutation in the nebulin gene that results in decreased Nebulin protein levels, a severe motor phenotype and premature lethality. In addition to impaired motor function, neb zebrafish exhibit many of the features associated with human nemaline myopathy. These include impaired force generation, altered thin filament length and the presence of specific histopathological changes, including the formation of nemaline bodies. In summary, neb zebrafish mirror the genetic, clinical and pathological aspects of nemaline myopathy due to NEB mutation, and thus are an excellent model for future therapy development for this devastating disorder.
Notes on marine algae in the International Biosphere Reserve Seaflower, Caribbean Colombian I: new records of macroalgal epiphytes on the seagrass Thalassia testudinum
Authors: Albis-Salas Margarita Rosa , Gavio Brigitte 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Six species of macroalgae are newly reported for the Caribbean International Biosphere Reserve Seaflower. All the algae were found growing epiphytically on Thalassia testudinum in shallow (<1 m) meadows around San Andrés Island. Two of these species, Stylonema alsidii and Colaconema hypneae, have been previously reported from Colombian waters, whereas Chroodactylon ornatum, Colaconema dasyae, Colaconema hallandicum and Herposiphonia parca are new records for Colombia.
Continuity of homomorphisms into power-associative complete normed algebras
Authors: Marcos J. Carlos , Velasco M. Victoria 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.
Let A and B be complete normed algebras with a unit such that B is
simple and power-associative, and let be a
dense-range homomorphism. We prove that if θ is irreducible (that
is, , for every closed proper ideal I of A), then θ is continuous. The continuity of non-irreducible homomorphisms is
also obtained provided that the set of «spectrally rare
»elements in the range algebra is not dense in B. These
results extend the classical Rickart's dense-range homomorphism theorem to
the non-associative setting.
An unusual route to a quinoline 1-oxide via intramolecular addition of an enolate to an aromatic nitro group
Authors: Moreira Nayara Da Rocha F. , de Oliveira Tânia T. , Nagem Tanus J. , Taylor Jason G. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A mixture of ethyl 4-(2-nitrophenyl)butenoates undergoes an unusual intramolecular cyclisation in the presence of a catalytic amount of potassium tert-butoxide.
Furanylidene systems from a tosylic acid-mediated, tandem desilylation-cyclization reaction of silyl ethers of monoalkynylated β-keto carbonyls
Authors: Oxford John , Ahamed Rayaj , Hudson-Davis Morgan , Womack Brandi , Gessner Laura , Deveaux Kristina , Fisher Ebonni , Aiken Karelle S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Single isomers of the furanylidene system 8 were synthesized in four steps. The synthesis begins with the dianion of β-keto carbonyls and culminates in a mild, tandem desilylation-cyclization reaction using tosylic acid. Compounds synthesized in this study have the potential for further diversification at the alkyne, carbonyl and enol-ether moieties. Hence, the furanylidenes from this study are prospective building blocks for biologically active, furan-containing natural products and their analogs.
Trichloroacetic acid as a solid heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Karimi-Jaberi Zahed , ReyazoShams Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A one-pot, three-component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one in the presence of a catalytic amount of trichloroacetic acid produces a 6-amino-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole in excellent yield and in a short reaction time.
Mechanoradical formation and its effects on birch kraft pulp during the preparation of nanofibrillated cellulose with Masuko refining
Authors: Solala Iina , Volperts Aleksander , Andersone Anna , Dizhbite Tatiana , Mironova-Ulmane Nina , Vehniäinen Annikki , Pere Jaakko , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMasuko refining of unbleached kraft birch pulp has been noted to result in more thorough fibrillation than the refining of its bleached counterpart. This result is observed through different fractionation behavior of once refined pulps and is further supported by different relative changes in pulp viscosity. The formation of mechanoradicals during refining is observed with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the role of lignin and hemicelluloses [quantified using kappa number determination and UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy] in the progress of refining is discussed. Lignin, a known antioxidant, is capable of stabilizing radicals, which could potentially counteract recombination reactions between highly reactive cellulose radicals. On the other hand, lignin’s ability to promote fibrillation could also lie in its amorphous nature and not solely in its antioxidant characteristics. Furthermore, bleaching removes not only lignin but also hemicelluloses, which affects both the charge density and the structure of the fiber material, and this is another likely contributor to the easier fibrillation of lignin-containing pulps.
Evaluation of dysthyronemia in endocrinological patients
Authors: Bílek Radovan , Stárka Luboslav , Zamrazil Václav 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background: Dysthyronemia is the state of the thyroid gland in which the concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) in circulation is within the reference range, but the concentrations of free or total fractions of thyroid hormones (TH) are outside the reference range. Normal values of TSH and increased values of TH are referred to as hyperthyroxinemia or hypertriiodothyroninemia, while normal values of TSH and decreased values of TH are called hypothyroxinemia or hypotriiodothyroninemia.

Methods: Thyroid diagnostic tests were carried out at the Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic, in 1999–2009 using the immunoanalytical systems of Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany (Elecsys 2010, Modular E170).

Results: Hyperthyroxinemia was found in 6.74% of all parallel sets of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4, n=259,590) values. Hypotriiodothyroninemia was observed in 8.48% of all parallel sets of TSH and total triiodothyronine (TT3, n=73,143). The occurrence of hyperthyroxinemia (TSH-FT4) and hypotriiodothyroninemia (TSH-TT3) was >3 times higher than the occurrence of dysthyronemia for the combinations TSH-FT4 (hypothyroxinemia), TSH-TT4 (total thyroxine, n=1996), TSH-FT3 (free triiodothyronine, n=94,090), and TSH-TT3 (hypertrijodthyroninemia), and >5 times higher in comparison with the combinations TSH-FT4-FT3 (n=93,683), TSH-FT4-TT3 (n=72,373), TSH-FT3-TT3 (n=2466), TSH-TT4-TT3 (n=1779), TSH-FT4-TT4 (n=1571), and TSH-FT3-TT4 (n=1466).

Conclusion: In light of our patient types, we are assuming that the observed hypotriiodothyroninemia (TSH-TT3, 8.48%) is due to a decreased concentration of thyroid binding globulin in postmenopausal women and that hyperthyroxinemia (TSH-FT4, 6.74%) is caused mainly by endogenous autoantibodies against thyroxine in patients with thyroid autoimmune diseases.
“Use of self” as a strategy in teaching the P.A.T.H.S. curriculum
Authors: Lau Patrick S.Y. , Wu Florence K.Y. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The purpose of promoting “use of self” or “self-disclosures” as a teaching strategy in teaching the P.A.T.H.S. curriculum is to create an interactive environment between teachers and students which can enhance the interactions between both parties. This article focuses on three major consequences of utilizing self-disclosures in the education settings, including humanizing the classroom, encouraging students’ openness, and promoting teachers’ awareness and reflective practice. Positive feedback of the participants of the Secondary 3 P.A.T.H.S. training programs show that participants were moved by the training instructors, who demonstrated the power of “use of self” in a humanistic manner. To retain a humanized and open classroom atmosphere depends greatly on the relational exchanges between teachers and students. This revelation should be purposeful and intentional, with appropriate boundaries and frequencies. Acknowledging the issues to consider in using “use of self” as a teaching strategy, teachers should focus attention on the process of connecting students with them. Guidelines for worker’s self-disclosure are also discussed.
Working towards a detection of bullying related morbidity
Authors: Srabstein Jorge 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Background: Physicians are being confronted with the responsibility of detecting bullying related health and safety risks in different clinical settings.
Methods: Recommendations are being made on the basis of research evidence of a significant link of bullying with a wide array of health and safety problems; the author’s clinical routine practice of ascertaining patients’ participation in bullying and a recommended role for clinical detection of bullying within a whole-community base strategy for its prevention.
Recommendations: There is a need to develop a standardized strategy for detection of bullying related morbidity which could be utilized in all clinical settings with sensitivity to developmental and cultural differences in the understanding of what is meant by bullying. Such an approach should ascertain the exposure of different types of bullying across social settings and its symptomatic repercussions. Its results should be used for clinical decisions to procure intervention and treatment, within a three-tier bullying prevention strategy.
Conclusions: The present paper is the result of a work-in-progress which will contribute to efforts to develop a clinical practice guideline providing a standardized strategy for the detection and intervention of bullying related health and safety problems, within a primary or specialty pediatric setting. Bullying is at the intersection of many health and safety risks and health practitioners are challenged with the critical public health responsibility of their detection, prevention, and intervention. It would be expected that the recommendations contained in this article should facilitate the development of strategies to fulfill such a responsibility.
Kernels of linear representations of Lie groups, locally compact groups, and pro-Lie Groups
Authors: Stroppel Markus 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.
For a topological group the intersection of all
kernels of ordinary representations is studied. We show that
is contained in the center of if is a connected
pro-Lie group. The class is determined
explicitly if is the class of connected Lie groups or
the class of almost-connected Lie groups: in both cases, it consists
of all compactly-generated abelian Lie groups. Every compact
abelian group and every connected abelian pro-Lie group occurs as
for some connected pro-Lie group . However, the
dimension of is bounded by the cardinality of the continuum
if is locally compact and connected. Examples are given to show
that becomes complicated if
contains groups with infinitely many connected components.
On slip band growth in neutron-irradiated copper single crystals
Authors: Kroeger Gerhard , Godon Harald , Neuhäuser Hartmut 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the dislocation structure in slip bands at the Lüders band front in neutron-irradiated copper (Cu) single crystals reveals bands in various stages of development. This permits to specify the dislocation processes in particular for termination of slip band growth in the yield region. The important processes occurring during slip band growth are obstacle destruction by moving dislocations, formation of dynamic pile-ups, frequency of microscopic cross-slip and climb processes, formation of multipoles and of clusters of heavily jogged edge dipoles, which ultimately stop the local deformation in the cleared slip band channel. The formation of a dislocation group in the stress gradient within the Lüders band region is considered and it is shown that the group behaves like a single dislocation placed in the “center of gravity” of the quasi-stationary distribution which is the same as in the static case.
Mitochondrial and metabolic-based protective strategies in Huntington’s disease: the case of creatine and coenzyme Q
Authors: Naia Luana , Ribeiro Maria João , Rego A. Cristina 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder caused by an expansion of CAG repeats in the HD gene encoding for huntingtin (Htt), resulting in progressive death of striatal neurons, with clinical symptoms of chorea, dementia and dramatic weight loss. Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the expanded polyglutamine sequence have been described along with other mechanisms of neurodegeneration previously described in human tissues and animal models of HD. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances affecting both the central nervous system and peripheral cells, including mitochondrial DNA damage, mitochondrial complexes defects, loss of calcium homeostasis and transcriptional deregulation. Glucose abnormalities have also been described in peripheral tissues of HD patients and in HD animal and cellular models. Moreover, there are no effective neuroprotective treatments available in HD. Thus, we briefly discuss the role of creatine and coenzyme Q10 that target mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired bioenergetics and have been previously used in HD clinical trials.
A Method to Test Anterior-Posterior Construct Shear Fatigue Based on the Vertebrectomy Model
Authors: M. Jensen Laura , M. Dawson John 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Dynamic stabilization systems may be subject to anterior-posterior shear loading. However, there is no standard method established for testing a vertebrectomy model in anterior-posterior translation (as may be seen with dynamic spondylolisthesis). A new anterior-posterior shear fatigue test was devised to test one such dynamic stabilization system in anterior-posterior translation. Similar to ASTMF1717 assemblies, constructs were assembled so that screws were placed in ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blocks to attach to the test fixture. The test setup ensures that the entire shear load is transmitted by the implant system. Unlike ASTMF1717 assemblies, the blocks were rotated 180 deg from each other to facilitate loading in the test frame. This configuration is modified from an expected in vivo usage. However, the resultant load vectors are appropriately similar to the shear loads being simulated. The constructs include polymeric components and thus were tested at body temperature in a fluid bath. The blocks were moved ±5 mm with respect to each other. The constructs were cycled at 2 Hz for a minimum of 5 × 106 cycles. The constructs successfully survived 10 × 106 cycles of anterior-posterior shear displacement. Examination of the constructs demonstrated similarities between components tested via this new method and components retrieved from patients. Comparisons indicate that the shear fatigue test may stress the components as much or perhaps more than what was seen clinically.