bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative differential Galois theory in positive characteristic: A model theoretic approach
Authors: Moreno Javier 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper introduces a natural extension of Kolchin's differential Galois theory to positive characteristic iterative differential fields, generalizing to the non-linear case the iterative Picard–Vessiot theory recently developed by Matzat and van der Put. We use the methods and framework provided by the model theory of iterative differential fields. We offer a definition of strongly normal extension of iterative differential fields, and then prove that these extensions have good Galois theory and that a G-primitive element theorem holds. In addition, making use of the basic theory of arc spaces of algebraic groups, we define iterative logarithmic equations, finally proving that our strongly normal extensions are Galois extensions for these equations.
Weihrauch degrees, omniscience principles and weak computability
Authors: Brattka Vasco , Gherardi Guido 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper we study a reducibility that has been introduced by Klaus Weihrauch or, more precisely, a natural extension for multi-valued functions on represented spaces. We call the corresponding equivalence classes Weihrauch degrees and we show that the corresponding partial order induces a lower semi-lattice. It turns out that parallelization is a closure operator for this semi-lattice and that the parallelized Weihrauch degrees even form a lattice into which the Medvedev lattice and the Turing degrees can be embedded. The importance of Weihrauch degrees is based on the fact that multi-valued functions on represented spaces can be considered as realizers of mathematical theorems in a very natural way and studying the Weihrauch reductions between theorems in this sense means to ask which theorems can be transformed continuously or computably into each other. As crucial corner points of this classification scheme the limited principle of omniscience LPO, the lesser limited principle of omniscience LLPO and their parallelizations are studied. It is proved that parallelized LLPO is equivalent to Weak Kőnig's Lemma and hence to the Hahn–Banach Theorem in this new and very strong sense. We call a multi-valued function weakly computable if it is reducible to the Weihrauch degree of parallelized LLPO and we present a new proof, based on a computational version of Kleene's ternary logic, that the class of weakly computable operations is closed under composition. Moreover, weakly computable operations on computable metric spaces are characterized as operations that admit upper semi-computable compact-valued selectors and it is proved that any single-valued weakly computable operation is already computable in the ordinary sense.
Analytic equivalence relations and bi-embeddability
Authors: Friedman Sy-David , Ros Luca Motto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLouveau and Rosendal [5] have shown that the relation of bi-embeddability for countable graphs as well as for many other natural classes of countable structures is complete under Borel reducibility for analytic equivalence relations. This is in strong contrast to the case of the isomorphism relation, which as an equivalence relation on graphs (or on any class of countable structures consisting of the models of a sentence of ) is far from complete (see [5, 2]).In this article we strengthen the results of [5] by showing that not only does bi-embeddability give rise to analytic equivalence relations which are complete under Borel reducibility, but in fact any analytic equivalence relation is Borel equivalent to such a relation. This result and the techniques introduced answer questions raised in [5] about the comparison between isomorphism and bi-embeddability. Finally, as in [5] our results apply not only to classes of countable structures defined by sentences of , but also to discrete metric or ultrametric Polish spaces, compact metrizable topological spaces and separable Banach spaces, with various notions of embeddability appropriate for these classes, as well as to actions of Polish monoids.
Coding true arithmetic in the Medvedev and Muchnik degrees
Authors: Shafer Paul 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe prove that the first-order theory of the Medvedev degrees, the first-order theory of the Muchnik degrees, and the third-order theory of true arithmetic are pairwise recursively isomorphic (obtained independently by Lewis, Nies, and Sorbi [7]). We then restrict our attention to the degrees of closed sets and prove that the following theories are pairwise recursively isomorphic: the first-order theory of the closed Medvedev degrees, the first-order theory of the compact Medvedev degrees, the first-order theory of the closed Muchnik degrees, the first-order theory of the compact Muchnik degrees, and the second-order theory of true arithmetic. Our coding methods also prove that neither the closed Medvedev degrees nor the compact Medvedev degrees are elementarily equivalent to either the closed Muchnik degrees or the compact Muchnik degrees.
Benign cost functions and lowness properties
Authors: Greenberg Noam , Nies André 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe show that the class of strongly jump-traceable c.e. sets can be characterised as those which have sufficiently slow enumerations so they obey a class of well-behaved cost functions, called benign. This characterisation implies the containment of the class of strongly jump-traceable c.e. Turing degrees in a number of lowness classes, in particular the classes of the degrees which lie below incomplete random degrees, indeed all LR-hard random degrees, and allω-c.e. random degrees. The last result implies recent results of Diamondstone's and Ng's regarding cupping with superlow c.e. degrees and thus gives a use of algorithmic randomness in the study of the c.e. Turing degrees.
Analytical General Equilibrium Effects of Energy Policy on Output and Factor Prices
Authors: Fullerton Don , Heutel Garth 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Using an analytical general equilibrium model, we find solutions for the effect of energy policy on factor prices as well as output prices. We calibrate the model to the U.S. economy, and we consider a tax on carbon dioxide. By looking at expenditure and income patterns across household groups, we quantify the uses-side and sources-side incidence of the tax. When households are categorized either by annual income or by total annual consumption as a proxy for permanent income, the uses-side incidence is regressive. This result is robust to sensitivity analysis over various parameter values. The sources-side incidence can be progressive, U-shaped, or regressive. Results on the sources side are sensitive to parameter values.
The Use of Speech Technology in Foreign Language Pronunciation Training
Authors: Demenko Grażyna , Wagner Agnieszka , Cylwik Natalia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn recent years the application of computer software to the learning process has been found to be an indisputably effective tool supporting the traditional teaching methods. Particular focus has been put on the application of techniques based on speech and language processing to the second language learning. Most of the commercial self-study programs, however, do not allow for introduction of an individualized learning course by the teacher and to concentrate on segmental features only. The paper discusses the use of speech technology in the training of foreign languages' pronunciation and prosody and defines pedagogical requirements for an effective training with CAPT systems. In this context, steps taken in the development of the intelligent tutoring system AzAR3.0 (German‘Automat for accent reduction’) in the scope of the Euronounce project (Cylwiket al., 2008) are described with the focus on creation of the linguistic content. In response to the European Union's call for promoting less widely spoken languages, the project focuses on German as a target language for native speakers of Polish, Slovak, Czech, and Russian, andvice versa. The paper presents the design of the speech corpus for the purpose of the tutoring system and the analysis of pronunciation errors. The results of the latter provide information which is important for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) training on the one hand, and for automatic error detection and feedback generation on the other hand. In the end, Pitch Line software for implementation in the prosody visualization and training module of AzAR3.0 tutoring system is described.
Controlling of Violations of the Basic Assumptions of the Recurrent Assessment Model of Long-Term Noise Indicators
Authors: Batko Wojciech , Bal Renata 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The function of a new estimation procedure of long-term noise indicators is considered in this study. New possibilities are related to the stochastic modelling of the control data formation mechanism. Assuming the mathematical formalism based on the adaptive model of exponential smoothing of control data, the need of controlling at each estimation stage of long-term noise indicators, the adherence to the model assumptions is formulated. The procedure of its realisation is described in the paper. The tracking signal method referred to the tested errors of the assumed model was applied. The ratio of the sum of model errors in relation to the average absolute error, generated by the assumed approximation, was selected as the representative of the tracking signal. Conditions for the acceptation of the model assumption were defined. The analysis of functionality of the developed solution was illustrated by the results of a continuous noise monitoring recorded at one of the main arteries in Kraków.
Computing Impulse Response of Room Acoustics Using the Ray-Tracing Method in Time Domain
Authors: Alpkocak Adil , Sis Malik 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper proposes a new approach for calculating the impulse response of room acoustics. Impulse response provides unique characterization of any discrete lineartime invariant (LTI) systems. We assume that the room is a linear time-invariant system and the impulse response is calculated simply by sending a Dirac Impulse into the system as input and getting the response from the output. Then, the output of the system is represented as a sum of time-shifted weighted impulse responses. Both mathematical justifications for the proposed method and results from simulation software developed to evaluate the proposed approach are presented in detail.
Determination of the Probability Distribution of the Mean Sound Level
Authors: Batko Wojciech , Przysucha Bartosz 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAssessment of several noise indicators are determined by the logarithmic mean <img src="/fulltext-image.asp?format=htmlnonpaginated&src=P42524002G141TV8_html\05_paper.gif" alt=""/>, from the sum of independent random resultsL1;L2; : : : ;Lnof the sound level, being under testing. The estimation of uncertainty of such averaging requires knowledge of probability distribution of the function form of their calculations. The developed solution, leading to the recurrent determination of the probability distribution function for the estimation of the mean value of noise levels and its variance, is shown in this paper.
Long-Term Comparative Evaluation of Acoustic Climate in Selected Schools Before and After Acoustic Treatment
Authors: Kotus Józef , Szczodrak Maciej , Czyżewski Andrzej , Kostek Bożena 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe results of long-term continuous noise measurements in two selected schools are presented in the paper. Noise characteristics were measured continuously there for approximately 16 months. Measurements started eight months prior to the acoustic treatment of the school corridors of both schools. An evaluation of the acoustic climates in both schools, before and after the acoustic treatment, was performed based on comparison of these two periods of continuous measurements. The autonomous noise monitoring stations, engineered at the Multimedia Systems Department of the Gdańsk University of Technology were used for this purpose. Investigations of measured noise, especially its influence on hearing sense, assessed on ground of spectral analyses in critical bands, is discussed. Effects of occupational noise exposure, including the Temporary Threshold Shift simulation, are determined. The correlation of the above said measurement results with respective instantaneous noise levels is discussed, and concluding remarks are presented. Some additional indicators such as air pollution or video analysis aiming at the analysis of corridor occupancy are also measured. It should be remembered that excessive noise, or air pollution may be evidence of a dangerous event and may pose health risks.
Wave Generation by a Finite Baffle Array in Application to Beam-Forming Analysis
Authors: Tasinkevych Yuriy 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDirectional excitation of sound in an aperiodic finite baffle system is analyzed using a method developed earlier in electrostatics. The solution to the corresponding boundary value problem is obtained in the spatial-frequency domain. The acoustic pressure and normal particle velocity distribution in acoustic media can be easily computed by the inverse Fourier transform from their spatial spectra on the baffle plane. The presented method can be used for linear acoustic phased arrays modeling with finite element size and inter-element interactions taken into account. Some illustrative numerical examples presenting the far-field radiation pattern and wave-beam steering are given.
An approach for Embedding Elliptic Curve in Fractal Based Digital Signature Scheme
Authors: Ojha D. B. , Shree Ms. , Dwivedi A. , Mishra A. 
Published: January 2011

We established a new approach for cryptographic digital signature scheme based on Mandelbrot and Julia fractal sets. We have embedded the features of ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) to the digital signature scheme based on Mandelbrot and Julia fractal sets. We offered a digital signature that has advantages of both the fractal based digital signature as well as of elliptic curve digital signature.Keywords: Fractal; ECC; Digital signature.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4694 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 75-79 (2011)
Efficiency of Alpha Lattice Design in Rice Field Trials in Pakistan
Authors: Kashif M. , Khan M. I. , Arif M. , Anwer M. , Ijaz M. 
Published: January 2011

Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.Keywords: Rice; Alpha lattice design; RCBD; Pakistan.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4773 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 91-95 (2011)
Aging and Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Das P. , Guha G. 
Published: January 2011

According to the mitochondrial theory of aging, accrual of mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays the paramount function in the cellular pathology of aging and in development of age-related degenerative ailments. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation (OX-PHOS) in aerobic (mitochondrial) respiration, cause oxidative stress-induced damage to mtDNA. This damaged DNA, whose normal role is to encode proteins many of which are players in the electron transport chain (ETC), now codes for defective proteins. Such faulty proteins lead to a considerable impairment in the efficacy of ETC, thereby generating more ROS, which cause further damage to mtDNA in turn, leading to further defects in proteins, aggravated ETC dysfunction, and even more ROS. Hence, a ‘vicious cycle’ propagates that ultimately directs tissue cells towards structural and functional decline, or in other words, degeneration and aging. However, in spite of a wide acceptance of this theory, there have simultaneously been a considerable number of criticisms against it. This review is aimed at discussing the paradigm of aging and degenerative diseases in light of the mitochondrial paraphernalia, with reference to the evidences in support as well as in antagonism to the mitochondrial theory of aging.Keywords: Aging; Degenerative diseases; mtDNA mutations; ROS; Cell death.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5078 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 176-186 (2011)
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Bhuiyan M. H. , Rahman A. F. M. H. 
Published: January 2011

Reaction of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole with various aromatic aldehydes afforded 2-arylideneamino-4-phenylthiazoles. On the other hand treatment of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole with several acyl halides furnished N-(thiazol-2-yl)-amides. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonous sp. bacteria and Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus funiculosus, Collectrichum corchori Ikata (Yoshida) and Curvularia lunata fungi respectively. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activities.Keywords: Aminothiazole; Arylideneaminothizole; N-(Thiazol-2-yl)-amide; Antimicrobial activity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5419 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 111-119 (2011)
A Survey on Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Different Antibiotics on Clinical Isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Collected from Dhaka City of Bangladesh
Authors: Shahriar M. , Akter S. 
Published: January 2011

A study of antimicrobial sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical sources from different diagnostic centers, Dhaka, Bangladesh was carried out to facilitate the preference of drug in the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced symptoms. Very low sensitivity of P. aeruginosa towards co-trimoxazole (45%), azithromycin (30%) and erythromycin (35%) was observed. Higher sensitivity pattern was observed for cefuroxime (57.5%). and only imipenem (100%) has shown sensitivity pattern possibly susceptible enough to consider for the management of P. aeruginosa induced cases in the area under study. The low sensitivity to different antimicrobial could be attributed to their prevailing usage and abuse in the area under study.Keywords: Antimicrobial sensitivity; Clinical isolates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6014 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 187-189 (2011)
Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant <i>Salmonella spp</i> Isolated from Chicken Eggs of Dhaka City
Authors: Ahmed M. M. , Rahman M. M. , Mahbub K. R. , Wahiduzzaman M. 
Published: January 2011

In present study, the occurrence of Salmonella in local chicken eggs and their pattern of antibiotic resistance were determined. 100 egg samples collected from different locations of Dhaka city were analysed and Salmonella spp were found in 8% of the samples. Among all presumptive Salmonella isolates, 8 isolates were confirmed as Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae (4%), Salmonella enterica subsp. indica (1%), Salmonella Paratyphi-A (1%), Salmonella bongori (1%) and Salmonella Choleraesuis (1%) on the basis of serotyping and biochemical analysis. These isolates were subjected to susceptibility test against 10 antibiotic disks. All the isolates were found chloramphenicol sensitive. The highest percentage of resistance (87.5%) was found to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Resistance against erythromycin, cephalexin, doxycycline hydrochloride, ceftazidime, doxycycline and nalidixic acid was also found significant ranging from 25% to 62.5%. Salmonella isolated from egg shell surface were found more antibiotic resistant than that of egg yolk and white. The present study suggests that poultry eggs are potential reservoir of antibiotic resistant Salmonellae.Keywords: Egg; Salmonella; Characterization; Antibiotic resistance.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6109 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 191-196 (2011)
Evaluation of Water Quality of the Titas River Using NSF Water Quality Index
Authors: Islam S. , Rasul T. , Alam J. Bin , Haque M. A. 
Published: January 2011

The Titas River, a trans-boundary river of Bangladesh flows almost the entire Brahmanbaria district, consumes a huge amount of sewage, agricultural discharges and runoff, waste produced from human excreta, discharges of two oil mills and contaminants from other minor sources. A study is conducted to find the water quality status of the river during the period from July 2008 to June 2009 and by using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water quality index, the probable use of this water is predicted. This work consists of laboratory tests for the evaluation of some water quality parameters of the Titas and to identify its probable use in various purposes. The results of the laboratory tests and NSF water quality index suggest that the water can be used for recreation, pisciculture and irrigation purposes but requires treatment before using for drinking.Keywords: Water pollution; Faecal coliform; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 151-159 (2011)
Note sur les dégoûts pileux
Authors: Bromberger Christian 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Le dégoût procède de la perception d’une anomalie, du « sentiment que quelque chose n’est pas à sa place », d’une inconvenance qui dérange l’ordre habituel du monde et met le corps en jeu. Les dégoûts pileux peuvent ainsi naître d’un sentiment de violation des normes habituelles, normes du paraître dans une société donnée, normes du genre… On examine ici quelques-unes de ces transgressions des normes pileuses qui suscitent le dégoût.
Le « glauque » ou la production de sperme infertile
Authors: Giami Alain 
Published: January 2011

Résumé Les procédures de procréation médicalement assistée comportent un examen biologique du sperme qui est réalisé après masturbation (souvent à l’aide de magazines pornographiques). Une enquête ethnographique a été réalisée dans deux grands hôpitaux parisiens et fait apparaître des réactions subjectives associant la gêne, la honte, le malaise, le dégoût, face à la pratique de la masturbation dans des locaux et un contexte inappropriés. La confusion entre les registres médical et sexuel, l’impossibilité de désexualiser une pratique taboue et la nature stérile du sperme seraient à l’origine du dégoût et du sentiment de « glauque » ressentis à l’égard du sperme lorsqu’il est produit dans ce contexte médical.