bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Method for Determining Medium‐ and Long‐Chain FAMEs Using Gas Chromatography
Authors: Xu Zhidong , Harvey Kevin , Pavlina Thomas , Dutot Guy , Zaloga Gary , Siddiqui Rafat 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe existing protocols for analyzing fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using a one‐step acetyl chloride (AC) catalyzed transesterification and extraction procedure cannot accurately determine the medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids simultaneously in clinical (enteral, parenteral) formulations. For example: (1) addition of AC at room temperature generates an exothermic reaction that often results in loss of sample and possible injury to the analyst; (2) certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are less stable at elevated temperatures during the transesterification and contribute to the over‐estimation of the C16:0 and C18:1 fatty acids; and (3) the flame‐ionization detector (FID) response varies depending on the carbon chain length of the fatty acids, that consequently impacts the underestimation of medium‐chain fatty acid (C6–C10) recoveries. To overcome these deficiencies and accurately determine FAMEs, we have developed an improved one‐step transesterification method that employs the addition of AC in tubes kept on a dry ice bath, the transesterification at room temperature, and the data analysis using relative response factors. Using this modified protocol, we determined the fatty acid composition of lipid emulsions (Omegaven® and Lipidem®) on a Shimadzu GC2010 gas chromatography (GC) system using a capillary GC column (Zebron ZB‐WAX plus, 30 m, 0.25 mm ID, 0.25 μm). Our data suggest that the improved method can be easily used to accurately determine fatty acids (C6–C24) in functional foods and lipid emulsions.
Rectally administered misoprostol versus intravenous oxytocin infusion during cesarean delivery to reduce intraoperative and postoperative blood loss
Authors: Chaudhuri Picklu , Banerjee Gita Basu , Mandal Apurba 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of rectally administered misoprostol with intravenous oxytocin infusion in preventing uterine atony and blood loss during cesarean delivery.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, double‐blind trial, 200 women undergoing cesarean delivery who did not have risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage were randomly allocated to receive either 800 µg of rectal misoprostol at the time of peritoneal incision or an intravenous infusion of oxytocin after delivery of the neonate. Primary outcome measures were estimated amount of intraoperative and postoperative (8 hours) blood loss and changes in hemoglobin levels 24 hours after delivery.ResultsA total of 96 and 94 women were analyzed in the misoprostol and oxytocin groups, respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the misoprostol group than in the oxytocin group (503 vs 592 mL, P = 0.003 and 74 vs 114 mL, P = 0.045, respectively). The incidence of shivering was higher in the misoprostol group (8.3% vs 1.1%, P = 0.018; RR 7.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–61.42).ConclusionRectal misoprostol appears to be an effective alternative to intravenous oxytocin in preventing blood loss for routine use during cesarean delivery. Clinical Trials Registration: CTRI/2009/091/000075.
Fertility outcome following transvaginal cervicoisthmic cerclage using a polypropylene sling
Authors: Deffieux Xavier , Faivre Erika , Senat Marie Victoire , Fuchs Florent , Gervaise Amélie , Fernandez Hervé 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo report fertility and pregnancy outcomes following transvaginal cervicoisthmic cerclage with a polypropylene sling during a previous pregnancy.MethodsA continuous series of 57 women who underwent prophylactic cervicoisthmic cerclage during a previous (reference) pregnancy were enrolled. Telephone interviews were carried out to evaluate each patient's subsequent fertility.ResultsAmong the 57 women interviewed, 8 had an inadequate follow‐up, 13 women were lost to follow‐up, 1 woman required a hemostatic hysterectomy, and 2 women required removal of the sling. Nineteen women did not desire a subsequent pregnancy. Of the 14 women who did desire a subsequent pregnancy, 1 woman had previously known tubal infertility. Of the 13 remaining women, 7 subsequently became pregnant. One woman had a spontaneous abortion (11 weeks of pregnancy); 1 woman delivered at 22 weeks of pregnancy, after a spontaneous premature membrane rupture; 1 woman had a cesarean delivery at 25 weeks of pregnancy; and 4 patients had a cesarean delivery after 37 weeks of pregnancy. Median duration of the 4 subsequent pregnancies at delivery was 37 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 37–38 weeks). Median birth weight was 3040 g (IQR, 2500–3250 g).ConclusionSubsequent pregnancy is possible after transvaginal cervicoisthmic cerclage using a synthetic sling.
Tuberculosis in association with HIV/AIDS emerges as a major nonobstetric cause of maternal mortality in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Grange John , Adhikari Miriam , Ahmed Yusuf , Mwaba Peter , Dheda Keertan , Hoelscher Michael , Zumla Alimuddin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEvery year, approximately 250 000 African women die during pregnancy, delivery, or the puerperium. Maternal mortality rates due to infectious diseases in Sub‐Saharan Africa now supersede mortality from obstetric causes. Evidence is accumulating that tuberculosis associated with HIV/AIDS, malaria, sepsis, and other opportunistic infections are the main infectious causes of maternal deaths. Screening for these killer infections within prenatal healthcare programs is essential at this stage to prevent and treat causes of maternal mortality. The combination of proven effective interventions that avert the greatest number of maternal deaths should be prioritized and expanded to cover the greatest number of women at risk, and incorporated into a “prophylaxis and treatment community package of care.” The effectiveness of these “packages of care” will need to be determined subsequently. Maternal deaths from tuberculosis are now on the increase in the UK, and due diligence and watchful surveillance are required in European prenatal services.
On queueing
Authors: Czwartosz Zbigniew 
Published: January 2010

A year ago Dr. Jacek Kurczewski asked me to take part in a symposium which he organized with the Polish Sociological Association, on the sociology of everyday life. The subject of my session was to be the sociology of the queue. As a psychologist I could, of course, interpret the phenomenon of the queue in terms of the interdependence of individual interests and social justice. Theses of social psychology, based on empirical grounds, provided some explanations of the mechanisms of behaviour in a queue. These explanations, however, led to trivial conclusions, though expressed in scientific terms. Therefore I decided to choose phenomenological analysis to deal with queue behaviour. This paper is a widened and more analytical version of my speech at the PSA seminar (I). I was inspired by three events from my personal experience:1. In Western Europe (especially in Belgium) I frequently encountered the following phenomenon. In a shop someone would come up to the counter and ask for some article, paying no attention to the fact that there were also others who were waiting to be served. To me that fact was an open violation of the rules of community life. My emotion urged me to intervene. I was held back however by the fact that the others in the shop seemed not to notice anything wrong. This would suggest that my notion of customers' rights and duties differed from that of Belgians or Dutchmen.
Hybridization betweenDactylopius tomentosus(Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) biotypes and its effects on host specificity
Authors: Mathenge C.W. , Holford P. , Hoffmann J.H. , Zimmermann H.G. , Spooner-Hart R.N. , Beattie G.A.C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDactylopius tomentosusis composed of biotypes adapted to differentCylindropuntiaspecies. One biotype is an important biological control agent ofC. imbricatain South Africa while another has the potential for the control ofC. fulgidavar.fulgida. These two weed species occur in sympatry in some areas of South Africa, so the introduction of the second biotype could result in hybridization, which, in turn, could impact on the biological control programs through altered host specificity and fitness of the hybrids. To anticipate what might happen, reciprocal crosses were made between the two biotypes, and the biological performance of the resultant hybrids was compared with that of each parental lineage onC. imbricataandC. f. var.fulgida. The biotypes interbred freely and reciprocally in the laboratory. Comparisons of crawler and adult female traits showed differences in performance that were dependent on the origin of the maternal and paternal genomes. However, when all traits were combined into a ‘fitness index’, both hybrids clearly outperformed the parental lineages. The increase in fitness shown by the hybrids over their maternal lineage was greater on the alternative host of the maternal parent than on the natural host of the maternal parent. Therefore, in areas where the two cacti occur in sympatry, hybridization between the biotypes is not expected to be detrimental to the biological control of either weed.
Viscosity estimates of salt in the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs, Persian Gulf
Authors: MUKHERJEE SOUMYAJIT , TALBOT CHRISTOPHER J. , KOYI HEMIN A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe parabolic surface profiles of the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs in the Persian Gulf suggest that they have been extruding with Newtonian viscous rheologies for the last 104 years. We derive velocity profiles for these diapirs, neglecting gravitational spreading and erosion/dissolution while assuming incompressible Newtonian rheology of the salt. Fitting known rates of extrusion at specific points in its elliptical cross-section, the dynamic viscosity of the salt of the Hormuz diapir is found to range between 1018 and 1021 Pa s. Approximating its sub-circular cross-section to a perfect circle, the range of viscosity of the salt of the Namakdan diapir is obtained as 1017–1021 Pa s. These calculated viscosities fall within the range for naturally flowing salts elsewhere and for other salt diapirs but are broader than those for salts with Newtonian rheology deforming at room temperatures. The salts of the Hormuz and Namakdan diapirs are expected to exhibit a broader range of grain size, which matches the limited existing data.
Evaluation of a mechanistic lactation model using cow, goat and sheep data
Authors: DIJKSTRA J. , LOPEZ S. , BANNINK A. , DHANOA M. S. , KEBREAB E. , ODONGO N. E. , FATHI NASRI M. H. , BEHERA U. K. , HERNANDEZ-FERRER D. , FRANCE J. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYA mechanistic lactation model, based on a theory of mammary cell proliferation and cell death, was studied and compared to the equation of Wood (1967). Lactation curves of British Holstein Friesian cows (176 curves), Spanish Churra sheep (40 curves) and Spanish Murciano–Granadina goats (30 curves) were used for model evaluation. Both models were fitted in their original form using non-linear least squares estimation. The parameters were compared among species and among parity groups within species.In general, both models provided highly significant fits to lactation data and described the data accurately. The mechanistic model performed well against Wood's 1967 equation (hereafter referred to as Wood's equation), resulting in smaller residual mean square values in more than two-thirds of the datasets investigated, and producing parameter estimates that allowed appropriate comparisons and noticeable trends attributed to shape. Using Akaike or Bayesian information criteria, goodness-of-fit with the mechanistic model was superior to that with Wood's equation for the cow lactation curves, with no significant differences between models when fitted to goat or sheep lactation curves. The rate parameters of the mechanistic model, representing specific proliferation rate of mammary secretory cells at parturition, decay associated with reduction in cell proliferation capacity with time and specific death rate of mammary secretory cells, were smaller for primiparous than for multiparous cows. Greater lactation persistency of cows compared to goats and sheep, and decrease in persistency with parity, were shown to be represented by different values of the specific secretory cell death rate parameter in the mechanistic model. The plausible biological interpretation and fitting properties of the mechanistic model enable it to be used in complex models of whole-cow digestion and metabolism and as a tool in selection programmes and by dairy producers for management decisions.
Molecular evidence confirms thatProctoeces humboldtiandProctoeces chilensis(Digenea: Fellodistomidae) are the same species
Authors: Valdivia I.M. , Cardenas L. , Gonzalez K. , Jofré D. , George-Nascimento M. , Guiñez R. , Oliva M.E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo species ofProctoecesOdhner, 1911 have been described in marine organisms from Chile:P. humboldtiGeorge-Nascimento & Quiroga (1983), parasitizing the gonads of keyhole limpets (Fissurellaspp.), andP. chilensisOliva (1984), an intestinal parasite ofSicyases sanguineus(Teleostei); both species were subsequently considered asP. lintoniSiddiqi & Cable (1960). To assist in the resolution of the taxonomic identification ofProctoecesspecies in marine organisms from Chile, phylogenetic studies using DNA sequences from the V4 region of the SSU rRNA gene were performed. Several specimens ofP. lintoniwere isolated from keyhole limpets (Fissurellaspp.) and clingfish (S. sanguineus) from Bahia San Jorge (23°40′S) and Bahia Concepción (36°50′S). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using three different approaches: a neighbour-joining (NJ), a maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). The phylogenetic analysis confirms that specimens ofProctoecesobtained from keyhole limpets and those specimens from the clingfish are in fact the same species. We prefer to consider our specimens asProctoecescf.lintoni, as the morphology ofProctoecesappears to be of doubtful value and genetic information aboutP. lintoniSiddiqi & Cable (1960) is not available. In addition, our results strongly suggest that there are at least three species in this genus.
The electrical effects of micrometeoroids entering the terrestrial atmosphere at different speeds
Authors: MENDIS D. A. , MARAVILLA D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMicrometeoroids entering the terrestrial atmosphere lead to two important related electrical effects. One is the electrification of the upper atmosphere along their paths and the other is the electrical charging of the micrometeoroids themselves. In this brief note we will emphasize the central role of the initial encounter speed of the incoming micrometeoroid, showing how it changes the altitude profiles of electron production and electrical charging, not just quantitatively but also qualitatively. We will discuss the underlying reasons for this, as well as their importance in meteor studies.
Effects of vortex-like (trapped) electron distribution on non-linear dust-acoustic waves with positive dust charge fluctuation
Authors: AMIN M. R. , PAUL SANJIT K. , MANDAL GURUDAS , MAMUN A. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe nonlinear propagation of dust-acoustic (DA) waves in a dusty plasma consisting of Boltzmann-distributed ions, vortex-like distributed electrons and mobile charge fluctuating positive dust has been investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. The effects of dust grain charge fluctuation and the vortex-like electron distribution are found to modify the properties of the DA solitary waves significantly. The implications of these results for some space and astrophysical dusty plasma systems are briefly mentioned.
Avinash–Shukla mass limit for the maximum dust mass supported against gravity by electric fields
Authors: AVINASH K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe existence of a new class of astrophysical objects, where gravity is balanced by the shielded electric fields associated with the electric charge on the dust, is shown. Further, a mass limit MA for the maximum dust mass that can be supported against gravitational collapse by these fields is obtained. If the total mass of the dust in the interstellar cloud MD > MA, the dust collapses, while if MD < MA, stable equilibrium may be achieved. Heuristic arguments are given to show that the physics of the mass limit is similar to the Chandrasekar's mass limit for compact objects and the similarity of these dust configurations with neutron and white dwarfs is pointed out. The effect of grain size distribution on the mass limit and strong correlation effects in the core of such objects is discussed. Possible location of these dust configurations inside interstellar clouds is pointed out.
Parameter self-adaptation in biped navigation employing nonuniform randomized footstep planner
Authors: Xia Zeyang , Xiong Jing , Chen Ken 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYIn our previous work, a random-sampling-based footstep planner has been proposed for global biped navigation. Goal-probability threshold (GPT) is the key parameter that controls the convergence rate of the goal-biased nonuniform sampling in the planner. In this paper, an approach to optimized GPT adaptation is explained by a benchmarking planning problem. We first construct a benchmarking model, in which the biped navigation problem is described in selected parameters, to study the relationship between these parameters and the optimized GPT. Then, a back-propagation (BP) neural network is employed to fit this relationship. With a trained BP neural network modular, the optimized GPT can be automatically generated according to the specifications of a planning problem. Compared with previous methods of manual and empirical tuning of GPT for individual planning problems, the proposed approach is self-adaptive. Numerical experiments verified the performance of the proposed approach and furthermore showed that planning with BP-generated GPTs is more stable. Besides the implementation in specific parameterized environments studied in this paper, we attempt to provide the frame of the proposed approach as a reference for footstep planning in other environments.
A comparison study of two planar 2-DOF parallel mechanisms: one with 2-RRR and the other with 3-RRR structures
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Jinsong , Wang Liping 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYThis paper deals with a comparative study of two planar two degrees of freedom parallel mechanisms: one with 2-RRR and the other with 3-RRR structures. For a fair comparison, both 3-RRR and 2-RRR mechanisms are symmetrical. The kinematics and Jacobian matrix of the two mechanisms are studied. Conditioning index, stiffness index and payload index are proposed to compare the condition, stiffness and payload performance of the two mechanisms. The results show that the 2-RRR and 3-RRR mechanisms have the similar condition performance, and the planar 3-RRR mechanism has better payload and stiffness performance than the 2-RRR one.
The space of ideals in the minimal tensor product of C*-algebras
Authors: LAZAR ALDO J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor C*-algebras A1, A2 the map (I1, I2) → ker(qI1 ⊗ qI2) from Id′(A1) × Id′(A2) into Id′(A1 ⊗minA2) is a homeomorphism onto its image which is dense in the range. Here, for a C*-algebra A, the space of all proper closed two sided ideals endowed with an adequate topology is denoted Id′(A) and qI is the quotient map of A onto A/I. This result is used to show that any continuous function on Prim(A1) × Prim(A2) with values into a T1 topological space can be extended to Prim(A1 ⊗minA2). This enlarges the scope of [7, corollary 3·5] that dealt only with scalar valued functions. A new proof for a result of Archbold [3] about the space of minimal primal ideals of A1 ⊗minA2 is obtained also by using the homeomorphism mentioned above. New proofs of the equivalence of the property (F) of Tomiyama for A1 ⊗minA2 with certain other properties are presented.
Immunohistochemical localisation of a galectin fromBufo arenarumovary
Authors: Elola María T. , Cabada Marcelo O. , Barisone Gustavo A. , Fink Nilda E. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryGalectins are a group of soluble animal lectins that exhibit specificity for β-galactosides and conserve sequence homology in the carbohydrate-recognition domain. The galectin fromBufo arenarumovary showed a strong cross-reaction with the lectin of 14.5 kDa purified from embryos at early blastula stage. In this paper, we studied the immunohistochemical localisation of the galectin of 14.5 kDa from ovary of the toadB. arenarumin adult ovary sections. We also analysed the immunohistochemical localisation of the embryonic lectin during early development using the antiserum anti-ovary galectin. In the ovary, oocytes in the previtellogenic stage showed strong reactivity in the nucleus and the cortex but not in the cytoplasm. Oocytes in the stage of primary vitellogenesis exhibited a similar pattern in the nuclear and cortical areas but showed immunostaining in the cytoplasm. Intense nuclear staining was detected in oocytes in the stage of late vitellogenesis and in mature oocytes, which also presented strong reactions in the yolk platelets that completely covered the cytoplasm. In blastula embryos the staining was found in the blastomeres, the yolk platelets and the blastocoele. Each lectin localisation is discussed in relation to potential biological roles in the corresponding tissues.
Combined immunocytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of meiosis I oocytes from normal human females
Authors: Barlow A.L. , Hultén M.A. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryThe microspread oocytes of three fetuses, two of 16 weeks gestation and one of 15 weeks gestation, were labelled with a combination of anti-lateral element antiserum and a human centromere labelling auto-immune serum. The anti-lateral element serum was found to label both asynapsed axial elements and synapsed lateral elements strongly. Nuclei were found from leptotene to diplotene in all three fetuses. The use of the human auto-immune serum led to the observation of ‘staggered centromeres’ and ‘centromeric associations’ as well as tightly clustered centromeres in ‘stellar nuclei’. Nuclei displaying various aberrant features were detected. The use of antibody-labelled microspread oocytes as substrates for fluorescencein situhybridisation (FISH) was found to be reliably successful only with repetitive (centromeric and telomeric) probes.
Decondensation of the mouse sperm nucleus within the interphase nucleus
Authors: Maeda Yasutaka , Yanagimachi Hiroko , Tateno Hiroyuki , Usui Noriko , Yanagimachi R. 
Published: January 2010

SummarySperm nuclei incorporated into the cytoplasm (ooplasm) of fertilised mouse eggs at the pronuclear stage remain condensed, whereas those injected into male or female pronuclei decondense. Similarly, sperm nuclei injected into germinal vesicles of immature oocytes or the nuclei of 2-cell embryos decondense, while those entering the cytoplasm of these oocytes / embryos do not. These facts seem to suggest that factors necessary for the decondensation of sperm nucleus are present in interphase nuclei and are released into the ooplasm during nuclear envelope breakdown. Nucleoplasmin, which is synthesised in the cytoplasm and accumulated within the nucleus, is likely a major candidate for these factors.