bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of New Hydrostatic-Packer Concept To Manage Lost Returns, Well Control, and Cement Placement in Field Operations
Authors: Dupriest Fred E. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A hydrostatic packer consists of a column of light fluid pumped into the annulus or drillstring to cause the total hydrostatic head to be equal to or less than the integrity, which is a product of the fracture-closure stress (FCS). This result is positive surface pressure, which allows accurate placement of cement, lost-returns treatments, or other fluids in situations where they would otherwise be overdisplaced if a full column of drill-weight mud were used. Although hydrostatic packers are not a physical device, they are referred to as packers because they serve many of the same functions as retainers and squeeze tools and are used in similar operational situations.
The operator has used hydrostatic packers in one area for 15 years and globally for the last seven years. Despite the maturity of the practice, it has not been adopted by the industry. The business value is large, but the lack of understanding of fracture mechanics in the drilling industry raises a significant barrier. The use of hydrostatic packers requires that engineering, operations, and contractor personnel understand the fracture propagation mechanism through which major lost returns events occur, and particularly the role of FCS. The team must also develop field practices to mitigate specific risks associated with hydrostatic packers. This paper discusses these points along with the operational issues that must be considered in certain unique situations.
The applications described include stabilizing the annulus following lost returns, controlling placement of lost-circulation material (LCM) when pumping pills, controlling cement placement during squeeze operations, achieving high-quality cement coverage behind liners with lost returns, and management of downward underground flow.
Hydrostatic packers have been used effectively in more than 30 fields and have contributed greatly to the operator's high success rate in treating lost returns events (Dupriest 2005). Their use requires training and structured risk assessment, but they are simple in concept and have been effective in controlling fluid placement in all field applications to date.
Self-Rated Health and Health Care Use Among Women With Histories of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kim Catherine , Vahratian Anjel 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
To examine self-rated health and health care utilization among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (hGDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the 2006 National Health Interview Survey of parous women with (n = 370) and without (n = 6,695) hGDM.

RESULTS
Women with hGDM reported fair or poor health status and ≥10 office visits in the past year more frequently than women without hGDM. The higher prevalence of obesity in hGDM women accounted for their poorer self-rated health after adjustment for other demographic factors. Whereas the association between hGDM and more frequent office visits was reduced after adjustment for demographic factors including health insurance, hGDM was still associated with a lower odds of contact with a mental health professional.

CONCLUSIONS
Because of obesity, women with hGDM have poorer self-rated health than women without hGDM. Contact with mental health providers was reduced compared with women without hGDM.
‘And I was very very crying’: Children's self‐descriptions of distress as predictors of recall
Authors: Peterson Carole 
Published: October 2009

AbstractOne hundred and forty‐five children's (2–13‐year‐olds) self‐descriptions of how much they cried when injured and subsequently treated in a hospital emergency room were used as predictors of their recall accuracy, completeness and number of unique details in interviews occurring a week, a year and 2 years later. Hierarchical regressions showed that stress was related to all three ways of evaluating children's recall of their injury in initial interviews, although only the completeness of hospital recall was related to stress. For accuracy, stress compromised recall of 2–6‐year‐olds in initial but not later interviews; for completeness, stress compromised recall of both events in initial but not later interviews. In contrast, highly distressed children provided the most detail in their first two interviews and the oldest children still did so 2 years later. However, stress effects were modest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Following navigation instructions presented verbally or spatially: Effects on training, retention and transfer
Authors: Schneider Vivian I. , Healy Alice F. , Barshi Immanuel , Kole James A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo experiments investigated participants' ability to follow navigation instructions in a situation simulating communication between air traffic controllers and aircrews. A verbal condition, in which instructions were given orally, was compared with a spatial condition, in which commands were shown on a computer display as simulated movements, with the presentation times in the two conditions equated. Retention and transfer were studied a week later when participants performed in either the same or the other condition. In both sessions, participants' initial proportion correct was much higher in the spatial than in the verbal condition, but after three blocks, accuracy in the two conditions was equivalent. Retention was perfect when training and test conditions matched. Training in the verbal condition transferred to the spatial condition but notvice versa. Thus, there is evidence that participants' representations of the movements in the verbal and spatial conditions were not equivalent. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid noise canceller with a real‐time adaptive Wiener filter and a geometric‐based voice–activity detector for an automotive application
Authors: Qi T. Z. , Moir T. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn real‐time environments a speech recognition system in a car has to receive the driver's voice only while suppressing the background noise. This paper presents a hybrid real‐time adaptive filter that operates within a geometrical zone defined around the head of the desired speaker. Any sound outside of this zone is considered to be noise and is suppressed. As this defined geometrical zone is small, it is assumed that only driver's speech is incoming from this zone. The technique uses three microphones to define a geometric‐based voice–activity detector (VAD) to cancel the unwanted speech coming from outside of the zone. However, when unwanted speech and desired speech are incoming at the same time, the VAD fails to identify the unwanted speech or desired speech. In such a situation an adaptive Wiener filter is switched on for noise reduction. In the case of sole unwanted speech incoming from outside of a desired zone, this speech is muted at the output of the hybrid noise canceller. In the case of desired and unwanted speeches incoming together, the SNR is improved by as much as 20 dB. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corticosteroids for acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease: Variation in use and association with length of stay and readmission
Authors: Sobota Amy , Graham Dionne A. , Heeney Matthew M. , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAcute chest syndrome (ACS) causes significant morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease. The role of corticosteroids is unclear. The objectives of our study were to examine the variation between hospitals in their use of corticosteroids for ACS, describe characteristics associated with corticosteroids, and investigate the association between corticosteroids, length of stay, and readmission. We performed a retrospective examination of 5,247 hospitalizations for ACS between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2008, at 32 hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. We used multivariate regression to examine the variability in the use of corticosteroids adjusting for hospital case mix, identify factors associated with corticosteroid use, and evaluate the association of corticosteroids with length of stay and 3‐day readmission rates controlling for propensity score. Corticosteroid use varied greatly by hospital (10–86% among all patients, 18–92% in patients with asthma). Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with comorbid asthma (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 3.2–4.8), inhaled steroids (OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7), bronchodilators (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 2.5–4.2), nitric oxide (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2–5.0), oxygen (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8–2.9), ICU (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.3), ventilation (OR 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.8), APR‐DRG severity level (OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.6), and discharge year (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.92). Corticosteroids were associated with an increased length of stay (25%, 95% CI: 14–38%) and a higher 3‐day readmission rate (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6–3.4), adjusted for confounding. Hospitals vary greatly in the use of corticosteroids for ACS, even in patients with asthma. Clear evidence of the efficacy and toxicity of corticosteroid treatment in ACS may reduce variation in care. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Milk composition of captive tufted capuchins (Cebus apella)
Authors: Milligan Lauren A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLittle is known about the milk composition of nonhuman primates, and it has never been examined in capuchin monkeys (genus Cebus). This article reports on the macronutrient milk composition (fat, crude protein (CP), lactose, dry matter (DM), and total gross energy (GE)) of captive housed tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) (n=8). C. apella milk averaged 5.22% fat, 2.40% CP, 6.94% lactose, 16.48% DM, and 0.89 kcal/g. Fat was the most variable macronutrient and was significantly higher in samples collected after 2 months of lactation. To explore the adaptive significance of C. apella milk composition, results were compared with data on milk composition from a closely related cebid, Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis, and another large‐brained anthropoid, Homo sapiens. C. apella milk was only significantly different from Saimiri milk in CP and the proportion of energy from CP. Compared with human milk, C. apella milk was lower in lactose but higher in fat, CP, DM, GE, and the proportion of energy from CP. Results from this small dataset suggest that among anthropoid primates, the macronutrient composition of milk is influenced by phylogeny, may vary relative to infant growth rates, but may not be related in any direct way to relative brain size. Am. J. Primatol. 72:81–86, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific immunotherapy of experimental myasthenia gravis by a novel mechanism
Authors: Luo Jie , Kuryatov Alexander , Lindstrom Jon M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveMyasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), are antibody (Ab)‐mediated autoimmune diseases, in which autoantibodies bind to and cause loss of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction. To develop a specific immunotherapy of MG, we treated rats with ongoing EAMG by intraperitoneal injection of bacterially‐expressed human muscle AChR constructs.MethodsRats with ongoing EAMG received intraperitoneal treatment with the constructs weekly for 5 weeks beginning after the acute phase. Autoantibody concentration, subclassification, and specificity were analyzed to address the underlying therapeutic mechanism.ResultsEAMG was specifically suppressed by diverting autoantibody production away from pathologically relevant specificities directed at epitopes on the extracellular surface of muscle AChRs toward pathologically irrelevant epitopes on the cytoplasmic domain. A mixture of subunit cytoplasmic domains was more effective than a mixture containing both extracellular and cytoplasmic domains or than only the extracellular domain of α1 subunits.InterpretationTherapy using only cytoplasmic domains, which lack pathologically relevant epitopes, avoids the potential liability of boosting the pathological response. Use of a mixture of bacterially‐expressed human muscle AChR cytoplasmic domains for antigen‐specific immunosuppression of myasthenia gravis has the potential to be specific, robust, and safe. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:441–451
Bor – elementare Herausforderung für Experimentatoren und Theoretiker
Authors: Albert Barbara , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAuch mehr als zweihundert Jahre nach der Entdeckung des Elementes Bor gibt es auf viele grundlegende Fragen in der Festkörperchemie von Bor noch keine eindeutigen Antworten. In jüngster Zeit zeigten theoretische Arbeiten zur Stabilität und Existenz bekannter und neuer Modifikationen des Elements in Verbindung mit Hochdruck‐ und Hochtemperaturexperimenten neue Aspekte. Auch auf dem Gebiet der Reaktionen von Bor mit Hauptgruppenelementen hat sich in den letzten Jahren viel getan. Aufsehen haben binäre Verbindungen wie B6O, MgB2, LiB1−x, Na3B20 oder CaB6 erregt, aber auch die elektronenpräzisen, farblosen Boridcarbide Li2B12C2, LiB13C2 und MgB12C2 sowie Graphit‐analoges BeB2C2 verdienen besonderes Augenmerk. Physikalische Eigenschaften wie Härte, Supraleitfähigkeit, Neutroneneinfangquerschnitt und Thermoelektrizität machen borreiche Verbindungen auch für Materialforschung und Anwendung attraktiv. Die größten wissenschaftlichen Herausforderungen bestehen jedoch weiterhin in der Synthese einphasiger Produkte in makroskopischen Mengen und in Form von Einkristallen, in der zweifelsfreien Identifizierung und Bestimmung von Zusammensetzung und Kristallstruktur sowie im Verständnis der elektronischen Situation. Verknüpfte Polyeder sind das dominierende Strukturelement in borreichen Verbindungen der Hauptgruppenelemente. In vielen Fällen leiten sich deren Strukturen von denen ab, die den Elementmodifikationen zugeschrieben werden. Auch diese bedürfen allerdings einer neuen, kritischen Durchsicht und Diskussion.
Heterogeneity of active sites of Ziegler‐Natta catalysts: The effect of catalyst composition on the MWD of polyethylene
Authors: Nikolaeva Marina I. , Mikenas Tatiana B. , Matsko Mikhail A. , Echevskaya Ludmila G. , Zakharov Vladimir A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractExperimental data on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyethylene (PE) produced over a broad number of Ziegler‐Natta catalysts differing in composition and preparation procedure are presented. These catalysts include nonsupported TiCl3 catalyst, four types of supported titanium‐magnesium catalysts (TMC) differing in the content of titanium and the presence of various modifiers in the composition of the support, and a supported catalyst containing VCl4 as an active component instead of TiCl4. The studied catalysts produce PE with different molecular weights within a broad range of polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 2.8–16) under the same polymerization conditions. The heterogeneity of active sites of these catalysts was studied by deconvolution of experimental MWD curves into Flory components assuming a correlation between the number of Flory components and the number of active site types. Five Flory components were found for PE produced over nonsupported TiCl3 catalysts (Mw/Mn = 6.8), and three–four Flory components were found for PE produced over TMC of different composition. A minimal number of Flory components (three) was found for PE samples (Mw/Mn values from 2.8 to 3.3) produced over TMC with a very low titanium content (0.07 wt %) and TMC modified with dibutylphtalate. It was shown that five Flory components are sufficient to fit the experimental MWD curve for bimodal PE (Mw/Mn = 16) produced over VMC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Wissen in Geschichten. Zur wechselseitigen Erhellung von Literatur, Medien und Wissenschaft
Authors: Dotzler Bernhard J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractKnowledge in Stories. On the Mutual Lucidation of Literature, Media, and Science. What are science studies for? The article faces this question by arguing, 1. that they can help to improve literary criticism, and 2. that such an improved criticism allows to recognize how knowledge, whether scientific or not, is linked with history and culture respectively. Both aspects are demonstrated by some remarks on Theodor Fontane's most famous novel, Effi Briest, and its allusions to the then newly discovered microbes on the one hand as well as to mediumistic phaenomena on the other hand.
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum M5 for highly selective butanol production
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Jang Yu‐Sin , Lee Joungmin , Papoutsakis Eleftherios Terry , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo improve butanol selectivity, Clostridium acetobutylicum M5(pIMP1E1AB) was constructed by adhE1‐ctfAB complementation of C. acetobutylicum M5, a derivative strain of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, which does not produce solvents due to the lack of megaplasmid pSOL1. The gene products of adhE1‐ctfAB catalyze the formation of acetoacetate and ethanol/butanol with acid re‐assimilation in solventogenesis. Effects of the adhE1‐ctfAB complementation of M5 were studied by batch fermentations under various pH and glucose concentrations, and by flux balance analysis using a genome‐scale metabolic model for this organism. The metabolically engineered M5(pIMP1E1AB) strain was able to produce 154 mM butanol with 9.9 mM acetone at pH 5.5, resulting in a butanol selectivity (a molar ratio of butanol to total solvents) of 0.84, which is much higher than that (0.57 at pH 5.0 or 0.61 at pH 5.5) of the wild‐type strain ATCC 824. Unlike for C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824, a higher level of acetate accumulation was observed during fermentation of the M5 strain complemented with adhE1 and/or ctfAB. A plausible reason for this phenomenon is that the cellular metabolism was shifted towards acetate production to compensate reduced ATP production during the largely growth‐associated butanol formation by the M5(pIMP1E1AB) strain.
Helix formation in β/δ‐hybrid peptides: Correspondence between helices of different peptide foldamer classes
Authors: Schramm Peter , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Hofmann Hans‐Jörg 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn overview on all hydrogen‐bonded helix types, which can be expected in the novel class of β/δ‐hybrid peptides, is provided on the basis of ab initio molecular orbital theory. The results show a considerable potential of different folding patterns, which makes this novel class of peptide foldamers interesting for peptide and protein design. Thus, this study may stimulate the synthesis of such hybrid peptides. The large number of helix types found for β/δ‐hybrid peptides together with the many helices experimentally found and theoretically predicted in the other classes of peptide and hybrid peptide foldamers provide a good basis to establish general correspondence rules for their mutual exchange in peptide sequences. This is done by introduction of the concept of pattern and shape correspondence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 279–291, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Integrating the cell stress response: a new view of molecular chaperones as immunological and physiological homeostatic regulators
Authors: Henderson Brian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe response of cells to stress was first documented in the 1960s and 1970s and the molecular nature of the families of proteins that subserve this vital response, the molecular chaperones, were identified and subjected to critical study in the period from the late 1980s. This resulted in the rapidly advancing new field of protein folding and its role in cellular function. Emerging at the same time, but initially largely ignored, were reports that molecular chaperones could be released by cells and exist on the outer plasma membrane or in the body fluids. These secreted molecular chaperones were found to have intercellular signalling functions. There is now a growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that molecular chaperones have properties ascribed to the Roman god Janus, the god of gates, doors, beginnings and endings, whose two faces point in different directions. Molecular chaperones appear to have one set of key functions within the cell and, potentially, a separate set of functions when they exist on the cell surface or in the various fluid phases of the body. Thus, it is a likely hypothesis that secreted molecular chaperones act as an additional level of homeostatic control possibly linking cellular stress to physiological systems such as the immune system. This review concentrates on three key molecular chaperones: Hsp10, Hsp60 and the Hsp70 family for which most information is available. An important consideration is the role that these proteins may play in human disease and in the treatment of human disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a benefit to sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with T4 melanoma?
Authors: Gajdos Csaba , Griffith Kent A. , Wong Sandra L. , Johnson Timothy M. , Chang Alfred E. , Cimmino Vincent M. , Lowe Lori , Bradford Carol R. , Rees Riley S. , Sabel Michael S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Controversy exists as to whether patients with thick (Breslow depth >4 mm), clinically lymph node‐negative melanoma require sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. The authors examined the impact of SLN biopsy on prognosis and outcome in this patient population.METHODS:A review of the authors' institutional review board‐approved melanoma database identified 293 patients with T4 melanoma who underwent surgical excision between 1998 and 2007. Patient demographics, histologic features, and outcome were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:Of 227 T4 patients who had an SLN biopsy, 107 (47%) were positive. The strongest predictors of a positive SLN included angiolymphatic invasion, satellitosis, or ulceration of the primary tumor. Patients with a T4 melanoma and a negative SLN had a significantly better 5‐year distant disease‐free survival (DDFS) (85.3% vs 47.8%; P < .0001) and overall survival (OS) (80% vs 47%; P < .0001) compared with those with metastases to the SLN. For SLN‐positive patients, only angiolymphatic invasion was a significant predictor of DDFS, with a hazard ratio of 2.29 (P = .007). Ulceration was not significant when examining SLN‐positive patients but the most significant factor among SLN‐negative patients, with a hazard ratio of 5.78 (P = .02). Increasing Breslow thickness and mitotic rate were also significantly associated with poorer outcome. Patients without ulceration or SLN metastases had an extremely good prognosis, with a 5‐year OS >90% and a 5‐year DDFS of 95%.CONCLUSIONS:Clinically lymph node‐negative T4 melanoma cases should be strongly considered for SLN biopsy, regardless of Breslow depth. SLN lymph node status is the most significant prognostic sign among these patients. T4 patients with a negative SLN have an excellent prognosis in the absence of ulceration and should not be considered candidates for adjuvant high‐dose interferon. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.