bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclease-resistant double-stranded DNA controls or standards for hepatitis B virus nucleic acid amplification assays
Authors: Meng Shuang , Zhan Sien , Li Jinming 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Identical blood samples tested using different kits can give markedly different hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, which can cause difficulty in the interpretation of viral load. A universal double-stranded DNA control or standard that can be used in all commercial HBV DNA nucleic acid amplification assay kits is urgently needed. By aligning all HBV genotypes (A-H), we found that the surface antigen gene and precore-core gene regions of HBV are the most conserved regions among the different HBV genotypes. We constructed a chimeric fragment by overlapping extension polymerase chain reaction and obtained a 1,349-bp HBVC+S fragment. We then packaged the fragment into lambda phages using a traditional lambda phage cloning procedure.

Results
The obtained armored DNA was resistant to DNase I digestion and was stable, noninfectious to humans, and could be easily extracted using commercial kits. More importantly, the armored DNA may be used with all HBV DNA nucleic acid amplification assay kits.

Conclusions
The lambda phage packaging system can be used as an excellent expression platform for armored DNA. The obtained armored DNA possessed all characteristics of an excellent positive control or standard. In addition, this armored DNA is likely to be appropriate for all commercial HBV DNA nucleic acid amplification detection kits. Thus, the constructed armored DNA can probably be used as a universal positive control or standard in HBV DNA assays.
Supporting Recovery Orientated Services for People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Lloyd Chris , Deane Frank P. , Tse Samson , Waghorn Geoff 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere is now wide agreement that people with severe mental illness can be adequately treated and cared for in the community, provided back-up hospital care is available when needed. Another important development has been the recognition that clinical treatment and care is insufficient for recovery and restoration of role functioning following illness onset, and must be supplemented by evidence-based practices in psychiatric rehabilitation. This article describes how allied health professionals can lead recovery oriented approaches that incorporate evidence-based forms of psychiatric rehabilitation. Family psychoeducation and supported employment are provided as examples of such evidence-based practices that require wider implementation.
Constitutive Activation of Wnt Signaling Favors Generation of Memory CD8 T Cells
Authors: Zhao Dong-Mei , Yu Shuyang , Zhou Xinyuan , Haring Jodie S. , Held Werner , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Harty John T. , Xue Hai-Hui 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
T cell factor-1 (TCF-1) and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1, the effector transcription factors of the canonical Wnt pathway, are known to be critical for normal thymocyte development. However, it is largely unknown if it has a role in regulating mature T cell activation and T cell-mediated immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that, like IL-7Rα and CD62L, TCF-1 and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 exhibit dynamic expression changes during T cell responses, being highly expressed in naive T cells, downregulated in effector T cells, and upregulated again in memory T cells. Enforced expression of a p45 TCF-1 isoform limited the expansion of Ag-specific CD8 T cells in response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. However, when the p45 transgene was coupled with ectopic expression of stabilized β-catenin, more Ag-specific memory CD8 T cells were generated, with enhanced ability to produce IL-2. Moreover, these memory CD8 T cells expanded to a larger number of secondary effectors and cleared bacteria faster when the immunized mice were rechallenged with virulent L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, in response to vaccinia virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, more Ag-specific memory CD8 T cells were generated in the presence of p45 and stabilized β-catenin transgenes. Although activated Wnt signaling also resulted in larger numbers of Ag-specific memory CD4 T cells, their functional attributes and expansion after the secondary infection were not improved. Thus, constitutive activation of the canonical Wnt pathway favors memory CD8 T cell formation during initial immunization, resulting in enhanced immunity upon second encounter with the same pathogen.
A Small, Variable, and Irregular Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptor Locus Accompanies the Absence of MHC-C and MHC-G in Gibbons
Authors: Abi-Rached Laurent , Kuhl Heiner , Roos Christian , ten Hallers Boudewijn , Zhu Baoli , Carbone Lucia , de Jong Pieter J. , Mootnick Alan R. , Knaust Florian , Reinhardt Richard , Parham Peter , Walter Lutz 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) of NK cells recognize MHC class I ligands and function in placental reproduction and immune defense against pathogens. During the evolution of monkeys, great apes, and humans, an ancestral KIR3DL gene expanded to become a diverse and rapidly evolving gene family of four KIR lineages. Characterizing the KIR locus are three framework regions, defining two intervals of variable gene content. By analysis of four KIR haplotypes from two species of gibbon, we find that the smaller apes do not conform to these rules. Although diverse and irregular in structure, the gibbon haplotypes are unusually small, containing only two to five functional genes. Comparison with the predicted ancestral hominoid KIR haplotype indicates that modern gibbon KIR haplotypes were formed by a series of deletion events, which created new hybrid genes as well as eliminating ancestral genes. Of the three framework regions, only KIR3DL3 (lineage V), defining the 5′ end of the KIR locus, is present and intact on all gibbon KIR haplotypes. KIR2DL4 (lineage I) defining the central framework region has been a major target for elimination or inactivation, correlating with the absence of its putative ligand, MHC-G, in gibbons. Similarly, the MHC-C–driven expansion of lineage III KIR genes in great apes has not occurred in gibbons because they lack MHC-C. Our results indicate that the selective forces shaping the size and organization of the gibbon KIR locus differed from those acting upon the KIR of other hominoid species.
Sum of Hermitian Matrices with Given Eigenvalues: Inertia, Rank, and Multiple Eigenvalues
Authors: Li Chi-Kwong , Poon Yiu-Tung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet A and B be n × n complex Hermitian (or real symmetric) matrices with eigenvalues a1 ≥ … ≥ an and b1 ≥ … ≥ bn. All possible inertia values, ranks, and multiple eigenvalues of A + B are determined. Extension of the results to the sum of k matrices with k > 2 and connections of the results to other subjects such as algebraic combinatorics are also discussed.
Multiplicative Impact of Adverse Social Determinants of Health on Outcomes in Lupus Nephritis: A Meta‐analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Garg Shivani , Sweet Nadia , Boderman Brianna , Montes Daniel , Walunas Theresa , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Khosroshahi Arezou , Astor Brad C. , Lim S. Sam , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveSocial determinants of health (SDoH) likely contribute to outcome disparities in lupus nephritis (LN). Understanding the overall burden and contribution of each domain could guide future health equity–focused interventions to improve outcomes and reduce disparities in LN. Objectives of this meta‐analysis were to 1) determine the association of overall SDoH and specific SDoH domains on LN outcomes and 2) develop a framework for the multidimensional impact of SDoH on LN outcomes.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search of studies measuring associations between SDoH and LN outcomes. We examined pooled odds of poor LN outcomes including death, end‐stage kidney disease, or cardiovascular disease in patients with and without adverse SDoH. Additionally, we calculated the pooled odds ratios of outcomes by four SDoH domains: individual (eg, insurance), health care (eg, fragmented care), community (eg, neighborhood socioeconomic status), and health behaviors (eg, smoking).ResultsAmong 531 screened studies, 31 meeting inclusion criteria and 13 with raw data were included in meta‐analysis. Pooled odds of poor outcomes were 1.47‐fold higher in patients with any adverse SDoH. Patients with adverse SDoH in individual and health care domains had 1.64‐fold and 1.77‐fold higher odds of poor outcomes. We found a multiplicative impact of having two or more adverse SDoH on LN outcomes. Black patients with public insurance and fragmented care had 12‐fold higher odds of poor LN outcomes.ConclusionAdverse SDoH is associated with poor LN outcomes. Having two or more adverse SDoH, specifically in different SDoH domains, had a multiplicative impact leading to worse LN outcomes, widening disparities.image
High Mobility Amorphous Polymer‐Based 3D Stacked Pseudo Logic Circuits through Precision Printing
Authors: Kim Woojo , Ryu Gyungin , Nam Youhyun , Choi Hyeonmin , Wang Meng , Kwon Jimin , Nielsen Christian B. , Kang Keehoon , Jung Sungjune 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirect printing of conjugated polymer thin‐film transistors enables the fabrication of deformable devices with low cost, high throughput, and large area. However, a relatively poor device performance of printed devices remains a major obstacle to their application in high‐end display backplanes and integrated circuits. In this study, high‐performance and highly stackable printed organic transistors is developed, arrays, and circuits using a near‐amorphous polymer, indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDT‐BT). The printed devices exhibited high saturation mobility (>1 cm2 V−1 s−1), high on/off ratio (>107), and low subthreshold slope (245 mV dec−1). In addition, 16 × 16 printed IDT‐BT arrays achieved 100% fabrication yield, with excellent device‐to‐device uniformity and low variations of mobility (9.55%) and threshold voltage (4.51%), and good operational and environmental stability (>365 days). Furthermore, five stacked 3D transistors are demonstrated with an excellent 3D uniformity without compromising device performance due to a low required thermal budget for processing amorphous IDT‐BT. Finally, a new concept of 3D universal logic gate with high voltage gain (33.91 V/V) and record density (100 printed transistors per cm2) is proposed and fabricated, which is relevant for the commercialization of low‐cost printed display backplanes and high‐density integrated circuits based on highly processable polymeric semiconductors.
Intestine‐Targeted Controlled Hydrogen‐Releasing MgH2 Microcapsules for Improving the Mitochondrial Metabolism of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Liu Hua , Chen Danyang , Yang Xinhui , Zhao Min , Zhong Jie , Ding Wenjiang , Hu Weiguo , Yang Haiyan , Wang Zhengting , He Qianjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient therapeutic agents with low side effects for inflammatory bowel disease management is a longstanding challenge. Recently, hydrogen molecule (H2) is identified as an emerging spectrum‐wide, effective, and biosafe anti‐inflammatory agent, but intestine‐targeted H2 delivery is still challenging. Here, an intestine‐targeted controlled hydrogen‐releasing microcapsule (MgH2@EC@ES) is developed by confining abundant MgH2 microparticles in the hydrophobic network of ethyl cellulose (EC) before being encapsulated with Eudragit S100 (ES) by a multistep microemulsion method. The pH‐responsive swelling feature of ES enables MgH2@EC@ES microcapsules to escape from the stomach after oral administration and to hydrolytically produce a high amount of H2 in the intestinal tract in a sustained way. High‐dose oral administration of MgH2@EC@ES microcapsules exhibits a high outcome of colitis prevention, which is comparable to the first‐line drug 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) in the changes of body/spleen weights and disease activity and even better in the recovery of colon length and the improvement of histopathological change in the colon than 5‐ASA in a colitis mouse model. Mechanically, it is innovatively revealed that H2 released from MgH2@EC@ES microcapsules protects the complexes in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain from oxidative damage to enhance the energy metabolism of intestinal cells in support of mucosal restoration in colitis.
Simultaneous Ultraviolet Conversion and Defect Passivation Stabilize Efficient and Operational Durable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Wenqiang , Wen Haoxin , Guo Yixuan , Yin Tianzhou , Tan Haiting , Zhang Zimin , Si Shenglin , Zhang Zhen , Wu Hualin , Huang Shaoming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the swift development in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), great concerns regarding environmental vulnerability propose a big challenge for their long‐term operational stability. Herein, a novel functionalized ultraviolet (UV) conversion small molecule, Coumarin 153 (C153), is judiciously introduced into perovskite precursor to effectively enhance device efficiency and operational stability against UV radiation. It is found that the uncoordinated Pb2+ and A‐site vacancies of perovskite can be successfully fixed through Lewis acid–base coordination and hydrogen bonding upon C153 treatment, resulting in a stabilized structure with remarkably reduced intrinsic defects. Concurrently, the incremental visible light absorption derived from the down‐conversion effect of C153 molecules together with the optimized energy level arrangement contribute to the substantially enhanced photocurrent of the device. As a result, the resultant device delivers a champion efficiency of 24.73%, accompanied by greatly improved operational stability against environments, with retaining over 90% of initial PCE for ≈380, ≈1400, and 1710 h aging under continuous UV radiation, heating stress, and illumination, respectively. This work provides an effective and feasible strategy toward high‐efficiency and environment‐stable PSCs.
Metal Halide Perovskites for Direct X‐Ray Detection in Medical Imaging: To Higher Performance
Authors: Fan Jinyang , Li Wei , Zhou Quan , Yang Guo , Tang Pengfei , He Junhai , Ma Lin , Zhang Jianfei , Xiao Jiawen , Yan Zhengguang , Li Ang , Han Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review discusses the utilization of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials in X‐ray direct imaging detectors for medical application. Compared to traditional semiconductors, MHP has multiple advantages including high linear attenuation coefficient, low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion length, and high carrier mobility. These ascendancies allow for low‐dose and high‐resolution medical imaging. Apartment from a historical overview of the develop‐X‐ray direct imaging detectors and their performance indicators, this review specifically focuses on the development and innovation of X‐ray direct imaging detectors using MHP materials. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges and discussing the potential application of perovskite X‐ray direct imaging detectors in the medical industry.
Ion‐Impregnated Intermediate Layer for Enhancing Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance
Authors: Lim Dong Un , Lee Eun Jung , Jang Jung Kyu , Kim Sohee , Lee Su Yeon , Kim Tae‐Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is gaining recognition as a highly promising, eco‐friendly self‐powered device for the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). To improve the performance of TENGs, diverse materials are employed as interlayers. However, challenges related to cost and stability persist. Herein, a strategy that incorporates ion‐containing electrolyte polymers as interlayers is presented. This approach effectively mitigates charge decay and maximizes TENG efficiency by leveraging the high charge capacitance of the ionic electric double layer (iEDL). The incorporation of iEDL into TENG results in an approximate tenfold increase in current density (10–92 mA m−2) and a 13‐fold increase in power density (2–26 W m−2). The robust energy generation capabilities of iEDL‐TENG enable the operation of 100 LED lights and the charging of a 470 µF capacitor. Furthermore, the demonstrated device exhibits significant stability across 10,000 operational cycles and effectively maintains its performance when subjected to external physical forces such as blade‐induced cuts, penetrating wounds, and severe crumpling.
Strategically Staged Tumor Ablation and Inflammation Suppression Using Shell‐Core Nanoparticles to Eradicate Bladder Tumors and Prevent Recurrence
Authors: Xu Yong , Zhang Ruiyun , Zhu Junjie , Guo Zhiyi , Jin Di , Qian Lei , Yang Yang , Chen Haige 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNanomedicine shows promise in the therapy of eradicating bladder tumors and preventing tumor recurrence caused by cancer‐related inflammation. Shell‐core structured BNN6/Z8@ALA/Z67 nanoparticles with sequential release kinetics is designed, aiming to eliminate tumors and curb inflammation, thereby ablating bladder tumors and preventing their recurrence. The shell of this nanoparticle comprises zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (Z67) and 5­aminolevulinic acid (ALA), while the core comprises zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (Z8) and N,N’‐di‐sec‐butyl‐N,N’‐dinitroso‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (BNN6). Modified with polydopamine‐methoxypolyethylene glycol amine, these nanoparticles efficiently target bladder tumors. In the acidic tumor environment, the outer‐layered Z67 breaks down rapidly, releasing ALA, which transforms into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in mitochondria. Additionally, the degraded Z67 triggers the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen, aiding PpIX to generate reactive oxygen species under ultrasound, facilitating tumor ablation. As Z67 decomposes, the inner‐layered Z8 releases BNN6 in the acidic environment. Ultrasound exposure prompts the release of nitric oxide, effectively reducing inflammation. Under ultrasound, BNN6/Z8@ALA/Z67 showcased outstanding staged anti‐tumor and anti‐inflammatory effects in both in vitro and murine subcutaneous tumor model tests, and effectively prevents tumor recurrence in rat bladder tumor models. These findings underscore the promising potential of the designed shell‐core nanoparticle with staged tumor ablation and inflammation suppression in preventing bladder tumor recurrence.
Epi‐Endocytic Performance Engineering through Nanomaterials Co‐Challenging: A Study of Mechanism and Implication in Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhao Huiyue , Zheng Liuting , Ma Ruxuan , Ding Chengjin , Wang Fei , Qin Shuheng , Ding Qingqing , Jiang Guangliang , Hu Yong , Huo Da 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile the influence of size on nanomaterial uptake has been extensively explored, it remains elusive how cells simultaneously respond to multiple, size‐varying particles due to the lack of a proper quantitative assay. In this study, a strategy named “metal‐doping engineering” is developed, and constructed a library of multi‐elemental alloys (MEAs) features precisely controlled size and dopant dosage for quantification with mass spectra. Next a comprehensive study of cellular uptake behaviors is conducted when treated with dual‐, triple‐, and quadra‐, size‐differing nanoparticles. Specifically, the exposure to triple‐, and quadra‐, size‐differing MEAs resulted in an unprecedented, enhanced uptake of counterpart in the middle size as 10/20 nm. Further efforts including RNA‐sequencing and photo‐affinity labeling‐assisted proteomics are devoted to uncovering the underlying mechanism, wherein the role of nonconical endocytic pathways in fast‐endophilin‐mediated endocytosis is uncovered. Given the capacity of MEAs as chaperones to facilitate the uptake of one featuring a predetermined size promoted to propose a straightforward, “bystander nanomaterials”‐assisted drug delivery strategy, whose superior dosage‐reduced radio‐sensitization performance and anti‐tumoral outcome are confirmed in vivo.
Interface Regulation of Bi3TiNbO9/Rh Photocatalysts by Introducing Ultrathin Heterolayer to Enhance Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Jie , Qiu Jianhang , Yang Yongqiang , Li Bing , Wang Lianzhou , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Liu Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAurivillius compounds‐based photocatalysts have attracted extensive interest largely due to their ferroelectric properties and modifiable characteristics arising from the alternate stacking of structural units. However, the interfacial Schottky barrier between such semiconducting compounds as light absorbers and metallic cocatalysts for hydrogen evolution restrains the transfer of photogenerated electrons, resulting in low photocatalytic overall water splitting activity and stability. Here, an anions‐induced surface structure transformation strategy is employed to modulate the interface structure between Bi3TiNbO9 as a typical Aurivillius compound and the cocatalyst Rh by in situ growing ultrathin Bi2MoO6 heterolayer on the surface of Bi3TiNbO9 nanosheets. The introduction of Bi2MoO6 heterolayer lowers the energy barrier near the Bi3TiNbO9 surface, which can facilitate the transfer of the photogenerated electrons from bulk to surface and thus the reduction of Rh cocatalyst for highly active hydrogen production. Compared with the Bi3TiNbO9‐Rh photocatalyst, the proportion of low‐valence metallic Rh0 in Bi2MoO6 heterolayer‐modified Bi3TiNbO9‐Rh (Bi3TiNbO9‐Bi2MoO6‐Rh) is improved by 7.76%, giving rise to a photocatalytic overall water splitting activity enhancement by a factor of 4.74. This strategy emphasizes the importance of interface regulation in promoting the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers in Aurivillius‐type photocatalysts, providing an effective pathway for designing and fabricating high‐performance photocatalysts.
Insights into a New Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Photochromic Metal‐Organic Framework: Highly Sensitive Turn‐On Luminescence in a Lanthanum Phosphonate
Authors: Steinke Felix , Bette Sebastian , Ruser Niklas , Otto Tobias , Terraschke Huayna , Dinnebier Robert , Stock Norbert , Suta Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe new microporous metal organic framework [La2(H2O)5(H2TPPE)]·3H2O (CAU‐54), is obtained in a hydrothermal reaction of the linker 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis(4′‐phosphonophenyl)ethylene (H8TPPE) and La3+ ions. The extensive characterization including temperature‐dependent crystal structures and spectroscopic properties allowed to understand the unique, multi‐responsive material properties. CAU‐54 exhibits rarely observed reversible photochromism as well as turn‐on photoluminescence by various external chemical or physical stimuli including change of pressure, solvent exchange, and temperature variation. These properties can be unequivocally assigned to the presence of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties of the linker molecules within the MOF, i.e., the ordered spatial arrangement of the linker molecules, the presence of accessible pores as well as the coordination flexibility of the phosphonate groups and the rotational freedom of the linker. By temperature‐dependent steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence studies, it is shown that this compound exhibits a) blue fluorescence that becomes effectively quenched at room temperature, b) green efficient luminescence with thermal stability up to 400 K, and c) red phosphorescence correlated to the observed photochromism. In addition, CAU‐54 shows unusual thermal expansion properties as shown by temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction measurements with identified transition points that correlate with the observed temperature‐dependent changes in the photoluminescence.