bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Mammals in Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima)–Invaded and Native Riparian Habitats of the Western Great Basin
Authors: Longland William S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInvasive saltcedar species have replaced native riparian trees on numerous river systems throughout the western United States, raising concerns about how this habitat conversion may affect wildlife. For periods ranging from 2 to 11 yr, I used live-trapping to monitor small mammal populations in paired saltcedar and native riparian woodlands at four sites in western Nevada and eastern California. Heteromyid rodents, such as Merriam's and Ord's kangaroo rats, were more likely to occur in saltcedar habitats, but other rodent species, particularly the montane vole and western harvest mouse, occurred more often in native habitats, and this balanced species richness in habitat comparisons. The most common species at all sites, the deer mouse, did not show any consistent differences in abundance or in mean body mass between the two habitat types. However, the ratio of captured male to female deer mice was higher in saltcedar than native habitats at two sites. Deer mice as well as Ord's kangaroo rats also had higher rates of being recaptured following initial capture in native habitats, which may have been due to fewer transient individuals occurring in these habitats. By contrast, Merriam's kangaroo rats may have been more transient in native habitats because they were more likely to be recaptured in saltcedar. Individuals of two species, pinyon mouse and white-tailed antelope ground squirrel, had greater mean body mass in native habitats than they did in saltcedar, implying that they may have maintained superior condition in native habitats.
A Reinventory of Invasive Weed Species in Dinosaur National Monument to Determine Management Effectiveness
Authors: Ransom Corey V. , Christensen Stephanie D. , Edvarchuk Kimberly A. , Naumann Tamara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInvasive weed management in wildland areas is often challenging due to the need to protect and preserve the integrity of natural ecosystems. Russian knapweed is an aggressive, deep-rooted, creeping perennial forb that was first identified as a problematic species in Dinosaur National Monument in 1977. From 2002 to 2005, extensive nonnative plant inventories were conducted in portions of the monument. Results were used to develop and implement an aggressive weed management program beginning in 2005. Emphasis was placed on reducing Russian knapweed infestations around Josie's Ranch in the Cub Creek Watershed. Several other species were targeted as well. In 2010, a reinventory was conducted in selected areas to evaluate how implemented management strategies affected the overall distribution and abundance of targeted species on the landscape. Comparisons between inventories indicate that management strategies were successful in reducing the total infested area of Russian knapweed by 79%. Treatments used for other targeted species also appear to have been effective in reducing their overall distribution and abundance on the landscape. In addition, the reinventory identified several new species with the potential to become problematic in the area. Although this case study documents the substantial progress that has been made at Dinosaur National Monument toward obtaining specific weed management objectives, it more importantly illustrates the process and benefits of an adaptive approach in sustaining long-term invasive plant species management efforts.
Lumbricus terrestris Prefers to Consume Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Seeds
Authors: Quackenbush Patricia M. , Butler RaeLynn A. , Emery Nancy C. , Jenkins Michael A. , Kladivko Eileen J. , Gibson Kevin D 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTemperate and boreal forests in Canada and the northeastern United States have been invaded by several exotic species, including European earthworms (family Lumbricidae) and garlic mustard. Earthworms and garlic mustard co-occur and are both known to adversely impact some native plant species. However, relatively little is known about potential interactions between these two invaders. In a series of growth chamber experiments, we determined the palatability of garlic mustard and six native herbaceous forest species (shooting star, columbine, wild geranium, sweet cicely, butterfly milkweed, and yellow jewelweed) to the common nightcrawler. We also assessed the ability of the common nightcrawler to bury and digest garlic mustard and wild geranium. When offered seeds from garlic mustard and a native plant species, the earthworms ingested more garlic mustard seeds than seeds from four of the six native species. In a mesocosm experiment, the common nightcrawlers apparently digested 72 and 27% of garlic mustard and wild geranium seeds, respectively, that were placed on the soil surface. No seeds were observed on the soil surface at the end of the experiment but the majority of recovered seeds for both species were found within the top 10 cm (3.94 in). More seeds were recovered in 0- to 10-cm and 31- to 40-cm sections for wild geranium than for garlic mustard. No difference in seed recovery was detected at the other depths. Garlic mustard seed is readily consumed by common nightcrawlers and appears to be preferred over some native plant species suggesting that common nightcrawlers may reduce the size of the garlic mustard seed bank.
Mowing Any Time after Midsummer Can Manage Japanese Stiltgrass
Authors: Shelton Angela L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractJapanese stiltgrass is one of the most aggressive, rapidly spreading invasive plants in the eastern United States. Management guidelines state that mowing can help manage Japanese stiltgrass but that mowing is most effective when done late in the season after the plants begin to flower and before they set seed. In this study, I tested the effectiveness of mowing at three different times between mid-June and early September in 2009 and 2010, as well as mowing twice in 1 yr and for two consecutive years. The effectiveness of mowing Japanese stiltgrass was determined by measuring percentage of cover, biomass, seed production, and the number of stems in the summer following mowing. All mowing treatments significantly reduced percentage of cover, biomass, seed production, and the number of Japanese stiltgrass stems the following year. In 2009, all of the mowing treatments significantly reduced biomass, percentage of cover, and seed production. The latest mow, at the end of August, resulted in a slightly greater reduction of cleistogamous seeds. In 2010, the earliest mowing treatment, in mid-June, did not reduce cover and biomass as much as the other mowing treatments. Overall, these results suggest that mowing can be an effective control method for Japanese stiltgrass and that mowing any time after June should be effectively equivalent, although later mowing may provide some marginal advantage.
Assessing Stakeholder Perspectives on Invasive Plants to Inform Risk Analysis
Authors: Kapler Emily J. , Thompson Janette R. , Widrlechner Mark P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConservation and land management decisions often are based primarily on natural science, but could be more successful if human influences were effectively integrated into decision making. This is especially true for efforts to manage invasive plants, whose arrival is usually the product of deliberate human introduction. Risk-assessment models that predict the probability that a nonnative plant will naturalize or invade are useful tools for managing invasive plants. However, decisions based on such models could affect stakeholders differently. Careful assessment of risk-analysis methodologies should consider the importance of stakeholder participation. We surveyed the perceptions of four stakeholder groups (conservation professionals, master gardeners, professional horticulturists, and woodland landowners) in Iowa about invasive plants, general management approaches, and risk-assessment models. We also examined whether or not a stakeholder's nature relatedness plays a role in shaping his or her responses. Stakeholder perceptions varied less than expected across all four groups. Eighty-seven percent of respondents agreed invasive plants are a problem, and 88.4% agreed that we have a responsibility to manage them to protect natural areas. Support for the use of risk-assessment models also was high, with 78.7% of respondents agreeing that their use has potential to prevent plant invasions. Nature relatedness scores for all groups were correlated with respondent perspectives on invasive plants. Respondents believed biologically significant error rates (errors that might introduce a new invasive plant) should not exceed 5 to 10%. Respondents were more tolerant of horticulturally limiting errors (errors that restrict sale/use of a plant that would not have become invasive), reporting rates of 10 to 20% as acceptable. Researchers developing risk-assessment models might wish to aim for error rates within these bounds. General agreement among these stakeholder groups suggests potential support for future risk-management efforts related to invasive plants.
Age-Dependent Demographic Rates of the Bioenergy CropMiscanthus × giganteusin Illinois
Authors: Matlaga David P. , Schutte Brian J. , Davis Adam S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSome plants being considered as bioenergy crops share traits with invasive species and have histories of spreading outside of their native ranges, highlighting the importance of evaluating the invasive potential before the establishment of large-scale plantings. The Asian grassMiscanthus × giganteusis currently being planted as a bioenergy crop in the north central region of the United States. Our goal was to understand the demographic rates and vegetative spread of this species in unmanaged arable lands in Illinois to compare with those of large-statured invasive grasses (LSIGs). We collected data from 13M. × giganteusplantings in Illinois, ranging in age from 1 to 7 yr, recording tiller number, plant spatial extent, spikelet production, and plant survival over 4 yr. Additionally, to understand recruitment potential, we conducted a greenhouse germination experiment, and, to estimate establishment from rhizome fragments, field trials were performed.Miscanthus × giganteusdemographic rates were age dependent. Spikelet production was high, with 1- and 4-yr plants producing an annual average of more than 10,000 and 180,000 spikelets plant−1, respectively; however, data from our germination trial suggested that none of these spikelets had the potential to yield seedlings. On average, plants expanded vegetatively 0.15 m yr−1. Tiller density within the center of a clone decreased with age, possibly leading to a “dead center” found among some LSIGs. Rhizome establishment increased with weight, ranging from 0 to 42%. Survival was low, 24%, for first-year plants but quickly climbed to an asymptote of 98% survival for 4-yr-old plants. Our results suggest that efforts should be made to eradicate plants that escape biomass production fields within a year of establishment, before the onset of high survival. Future work is needed to determine what types of natural and anthropogenic disturbances can fragment rhizomes, leading to regeneration.
Effect of Artificial Aging and Surface Treatment on Bond Strengths to Dental Zirconia
Authors: Perdigão J , Fernandes SD , Pinto AM , Oliveira FA 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARY
The objective of this project was to study the influence of artificial aging and surface treatment on the microtensile bond strengths (μTBS) between zirconia and a phosphate monomer–based self-adhesive cement. Thirty zirconia disks (IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) were randomly assigned to two aging regimens: AR, used as received, which served as a control, and AG, artificial aging to simulate low-temperature degradation. Subsequently, the disks of each aging regimen were assigned to three surface treatments: NT, no surface treatment; CO, surface silicatization with CoJet sand (3M ESPE); and ZP, zirconia surface treated with Z-Prime Plus (Bisco Inc). Thirty discs were made of Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) composite resin and luted to the zirconia discs using RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE). The specimens were sectioned with a diamond blade in X and Y directions to obtain bonded beams with a cross-section of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm. The beams were tested in tensile mode in a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min to measure μTBS. Selected beams were selected for fractographic analysis under the SEM. Statistical analysis was carried out with two-way analysis of variance and Dunnett T3 post hoc test at a significance level of 95%. The mean μTBS for the three AR subgroups (AR-NT, AR-CO, and AR-ZP) were significantly higher than those of the corresponding AG groups (p&lt;0.0001). Both AR-CO and AR-ZP resulted in statistically significant higher mean bond strengths than the group AR-NT (p&lt;0.006 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). Both AG-CO and AG-ZP resulted in statistically significant higher mean bond strengths than the group AG-NT (both at p&lt;0.0001). Overall, AG decreased mean μTBS. Under the SEM, mixed failures showed residual cement attached to the zirconia side of the beams. CO resulted in a characteristic roughness of the zirconia surface. AR-ZP was the only group for which the amount of residual cement occupied at least 50% of the interface in mixed failures.
Salivary Diagnostics
Authors: Wong DTW 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARY
Saliva is a noninvasive and accessible biofluid that permits early detection of oral and systemic diseases. Recent scientific and technologic advances have uncovered specific salivary biomarkers for a number of clinical conditions, including cancers, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. The availability of highly sensitive and high-throughput assays such as microarray, mass spectrometry, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and nano-scale sensors that can measure proteins and nucleic acids are poising saliva as an emerging biofluid for translational and clinical applications. This paper will discuss development of salivary biomarkers for the detection of oral and systemic diseases and the translational application of these markers for clinical applications.
Les épreuves de culture générale du concours de l'ENA, entre discours légitime et mémoire institutionnelle
Authors: Oger Claire 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article analyse le discours produit, au sujet des épreuves de culture générale, dans les rapports annuels des jurys de l'ENA au cours des années 2000. En dépit de quelques infléchissements, il apparaît marqué par une forte continuité avec les deux décennies qui précèdent et, au-delà, avec le projet des fondateurs de l'École. Ce travail suggère que ces épreuves constituent le lieu privilégié où s'entretiennent et se renforcent les traits d'une culture commune : celle-ci pourrait constituer un pivot de stabilité au regard des réformes et des transformations qui affectent par ailleurs l'action publique.
L'évolution des recrutements dans la fonction publique d'État : données d'actualité
Authors: Desforges Corinne 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L'évolution des recrutements dans la fonction publique d’État est, depuis plusieurs années, autant quantitative que qualitative. D’un côté, les recrutements y ont fortement diminué, de près de 50 %, et, de l’autre, la sélectivité y a été accrue de manière significative tant pour les concours externes que les concours internes. Un mouvement de réforme a été lancé modifiant, tout à la fois, l’organisation des concours vers davantage de mutualisation, et les méthodes de recrutement vers davantage de professionnalisation et de démocratisation.
Présider un jury de concours : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Lombard Martine 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Tout en s’inscrivant dans un cadre défini autant par la tradition que par les textes, la présidence des jurys de concours relève d’une gestion originale des ressources humaines en ce qu’elle est à repenser chaque année compte tenu de l’espace de liberté des jurys. Il est d’autant plus important pour ceux-ci de réfléchir aux objectifs (quels recrutements pour quels besoins ?) comme aux moyens susceptibles de les atteindre au mieux, en veillant à préserver leur principal atout : la collégialité.
La diversité des motivations des employés publics. Recherche exploratoire dans un contexte post-bureaucratique en Suisse
Authors: Emery Yves 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Durant les dernières décennies, la recherche portant sur la motivation des fonctionnaires a été dominée par deux courants théoriques : l’approche dite des choix rationnels, et celle portant sur la motivation au service public. Dans l’environnement post-bureaucratique actuel, cette vision simplifiée, qui reflète aussi dans une certaine mesure la dichotomie « public-privé », ne reflète plus de manière adéquate la complexité et l’hétérogénéité des motivations des agents publics. Basée sur des données empiriques qualitatives et quantitatives, une typologie originale des motivations dans l’univers post-bureaucratique est développée et testée dans plusieurs organisations publiques suisses. Elle révèle des facteurs de motivations qui combinent de manière originale des éléments classiques de la bureaucratie avec d’autres sources de motivation caractéristiques de formes modernes d’administration publique.
État et gouvernance des forêts au Québec
Authors: Amedzro St-Hilaire Walter , Chiasson Guy 
Published: July 2012

Résumé La gouvernance des forêts publiques au Québec connaît actuellement une période de transition caractérisée par l’intégration progressive de nouvelles lignes directrices dans les pratiques de gestion des forêts publiques. La réforme des politiques qui en résulte, reconsidère les places de l’industrie forestière et de l’État dans la gestion des forêts publiques, prônant entre autres, une responsabilisation plus soutenue de l’État dans la gestion et une régionalisation des prises de décisions. La présente publication décrit l’adaptation qui se fait au sein des structures internes de l’État dans le cadre de l’adoption du régime forestier et met en lumière les principaux changements ayant affectés la dynamique structurelle en matière de gestion des forêts publiques québécoises. Aussi, l’appareil de gestion y est étendu sur deux niveaux interdépendants : provincial et régional. Leur adaptation se fait selon l’impact et les enjeux que soulève la réforme, par divers moyens allant de l’ajustement des processus de fonctionnement à une restructuration administrative complète.
Significant Visual Increase Following Infectious Keratitis After Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Hafezi Farhad 
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE:
To report a patient who developed a left paracentral stromal scar due to infectious keratitis that occurred after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus. The flattening effect of the scar led to an increase in visual acuity.

METHODS:
The corneal scar and flattening effect on the anterior corneal curvature were assessed by slit-lamp photography, high-resolution Scheimpflug imaging, and corneal confocal microscopy.

RESULTS:
Three days after CXL, a corneal bacterial infection occurred in the left cornea and was treated with local antibiotics that led to a paracentral scar. Twenty-one days after CXL, a flattening of the anterior curvature of >11.00 diopters was observed. As a consequence, corrected distance visual acuity improved by five lines.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal remodeling may lead to a homogenization of the anterior corneal surface and an increase in visual acuity. Remodeling may not only occur spontaneously following CXL, but also following an event that results in focal corneal scarring, such as corneal infection. In a highly irregular keratoconic cornea, the benefit of the flattening effect of a scar may outweigh the increase in aberrations and light scatter.
New Asymmetric Centration Strategy Combining Pupil and Corneal Vertex Information for Ablation Procedures in Refractive Surgery: Theoretical Background
Authors: Arba Mosquera Samuel , Ewering Tobias 
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE:
To describe a method for centering ablation profiles considering pupil center and corneal vertex information simultaneously.

METHODS:
Novel ablation profiles were developed to cover the pupil aperture while respecting the corneal vertex as the optical axis of the ablation (asymmetric offset [AO]). The approach has been extended to combine higher order aberrations (HOA) referred to the pupil center (line-of-sight) with manifest refraction values referred to the corneal vertex (visual axis). The shapes and sizes of ablation profiles planned with AO were compared with the shapes and sizes of “classic” ablation profiles (with symmetric offset and without [no] offset, respectively).

RESULTS:
The introduction of asymmetric offset leads to an asymmetric ablation profile that is virtually the same depth as no offset ablation profiles (symmetric offset profiles ablate deeper), with the same diameter as no offset ablation profiles (smaller than symmetric offset ablations). The ablation volume of AO profiles lies between the ablation volumes of no offset and symmetric offset ablation profiles. When combined with HOAs, AO ablation profiles affect specific HOA terms. Asymmetric offset spherical components affect HOA coma components, and AO astigmatic components affect HOA trefoil components.

CONCLUSIONS:
Asymmetric offset ablation profiles provide a simple method to combine pupil and corneal vertex information for ablation procedures in refractive surgery with the optical axis of the ablation lying on the visual axis and the edges of the optical zone being concentric to the pupil boundaries. Further clinical studies must be performed to support the theoretical results.
Comparison of the Visual Outcomes and OPD-Scan Results of AMO Tecnis Toric and Alcon Acrysof IQ Toric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Ferreira Tiago B. , Almeida Ana 
Published: July 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare the visual outcomes and wavefront analyses of patients who underwent cataract surgery with the implantation of a Tecnis toric intraocular lens (IOL) (Abbott Medical Optics) with those patients who received an Acrysof IQ toric IOL (Alcon Laboratories Inc).

METHODS:
The study included 40 eyes from 26 patients with regular corneal astigmatism between 1.00 and 3.00 diopters (D) who were undergoing phacoemulsification with implantation of a toric IOL. Patients were randomized into two groups (20 eyes in each group): one group received the Tecnis toric IOL (Tecnis group) and one group received the Acrysof IQ toric IOL (Acrysof group). Over a 2-month follow-up period, the main outcome measures were uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent refraction, residual astigmatism, rotational stability of the IOL, and higher order aberrations, measured with a dynamic retinoscopy aberrometer.

RESULTS:

At 2-month follow-up, UDVA, CDVA, spherical equivalent refraction, and residual astigmatism showed no statistically significant between-group differences (
P
=.834,
P
=.178,
P
=.447, and
P
=.166, respectively). No eye had IOL rotation >10°. The toric IOL axis misalignment was similar in both groups (3.15°±2.62° in the Tecnis group and 3.25°±2.04° in the Acrysof group,
P
=.265). No statistically significant between-group differences were noted for all ocular aberrometry values, except for spherical aberration, which was higher in the Acrysof group (
P
=.029).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both studied IOLs promoted good postoperative UDVA, CDVA, and refractive results. Rotational stability was excellent for both IOLs. Postoperative spherical aberration was higher for the Acrysof toric IOL; however, this difference did not seem to affect overall visual quality.