bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Perfusion
Authors: Glenny Robb , Robertson H. Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLocal driving pressures and resistances within the pulmonary vascular tree determine the distribution of perfusion in the lung. Unlike other organs, these local determinants are significantly influenced by regional hydrostatic and alveolar pressures. Those effects on blood flow distribution are further magnified by the large vertical height of the human lung and the relatively low intravascular pressures in the pulmonary circulation. While the distribution of perfusion is largely due to passive determinants such as vascular geometry and hydrostatic pressures, active mechanisms such as vasoconstriction induced by local hypoxia can also redistribute blood flow. This chapter reviews the determinants of regional lung perfusion with a focus on vascular tree geometry, vertical gradients induced by gravity, the interactions between vascular and surrounding alveolar pressures, and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. While each of these determinants of perfusion distribution can be examined in isolation, the distribution of blood flow is dynamically determined and each component interacts with the others so that a change in one region of the lung influences the distribution of blood flow in other lung regions. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:245‐262, 2011.
Oncostatin M regulates neural precursor activity in the adult brain
Authors: Beatus Paul , Jhaveri Dhanisha J. , Walker Tara L. , Lucas Peter G. , Rietze Rodney L. , Cooper Helen M. , Morikawa Yoshihiro , Bartlett Perry F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe regulation of neural precursor cell (NPC) activity is the major determinant of the rate of neuronal production in neurogenic regions of the adult brain. Here, we show that Oncostatin M (Osm) and its receptor, OsmRβ, are both expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and that in contradistinction to leukemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neutrophic factor, Osm directly inhibits the proliferation of adult NPCs as measured by a decreased level of neurosphere formation in vitro. Similarly, intraventricular infusion of Osm dramatically decreases the pool of NPCs in both the SVZ and the hippocampus. In keeping with the inhibitory action of Osm, we reveal that mice lacking OsmRβ have substantially more NPCs in the SVZ, the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, demonstrating that endogenous Osm signaling is important for NPC homeostasis. Finally, we show that Osm can also inhibit clonal growth of glioblastoma‐derived neurospheres, further supporting the close link between NPCs and tumor stem cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 619–633, 2011
Behavioral genetics in larval zebrafish: Learning from the young
Authors: Wolman Marc , Granato Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDeciphering the genetic code that determines how the vertebrate nervous system assembles into neural circuits that ultimately control behavior is a fascinating and challenging question in modern neurobiology. Because of the complexity of this problem, successful strategies require a simple yet focused experimental approach without limiting the scope of the discovery. Unbiased, large‐scale forward genetic screens in invertebrate organisms have yielded great insight into the genetic regulation of neural circuit assembly and function. For many reasons, this highly successful approach has been difficult to recapitulate in the behavioral neuroscience field's classic vertebrate model organisms—rodents. Here, we discuss how larval zebrafish provide a promising model system to which we can apply the design of invertebrate behavior‐based screens to reveal the genetic mechanisms critical for neural circuit assembly and function in vertebrates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 366–372, 2012
Identification of adult mineralized tissue zebrafish mutants
Authors: Andreeva Viktoria , Connolly Michelle H. , Stewart‐Swift Caitlin , Fraher Daniel , Burt Jeffrey , Cardarelli Justin , Yelick Pamela C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractZebrafish craniofacial, skeletal, and tooth development closely resembles that of higher vertebrates. Our goal is to identify viable adult zebrafish mutants that can be used as models for human mineralized craniofacial, dental, and skeletal system disorders. We used a large‐scale forward‐genetic chemical N‐ethyl‐nitroso‐urea mutagenesis screen to identify 17 early lethal homozygous recessive mutants with defects in craniofacial cartilage elements, and 7 adult homozygous recessive mutants with mineralized tissue phenotypes including craniofacial shape defects, fused sutures, dysmorphic or missing skeletal elements, scoliosis, and neural arch defects. One mutant displayed both an early lethal homozygous phenotype and an adult heterozygous phenotype. These results extend the utility of the zebrafish model beyond the embryo to study human bone and cartilage disorders. genesis 49:360–366, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy and Crystal Field Analysis of Substituted 1,10‐Phenanthroline–Europium Complexes
Authors: Pan Zaifa , Jia Guohua , Duan Chang‐Kui , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Wong Wing‐Tak , Tanner Peter A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCrystal structures and vibrational and electronic spectroscopic data are reported for europium(III) complexes with 5(or 4)‐R‐1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) ligands (R = chloro, methyl, nitro, amino). All complexes comprise a 10‐coordinate Eu3+ ion with three chelating nitrato anions and two bidentate phen ligands. The crystal structures are of three distinct types with space groups C2/c, P21/n and P. The room‐temperature emission spectra are dominated by the forced electric dipole 5D0 → 7F2 emission of Eu3+. The excitation spectra show that the triplet donor state of the nitro‐substituted complex has a lower energy than the other complexes and the lower luminescence quantum efficiency of this complex is rationalized. The emission spectra recorded at 10 K have been compared with those of the corresponding Eu3+‐doped yttrium complexes using different excitation lines as a criterion of sample purity. The spectrum of the unsubstituted phen complex is more clearly resolved than those of the other complexes and this has been attributed to disorder resulting in inhomogeneous broadening. A detailed crystal field analysis is given for the phen complex from the fitting of 24 crystal field energy levels. A comparison with other complexes has been made through derived second‐rank crystal field strengths. No simple relationships have been derived from comparisons of energy levels, spectral line positions, or second‐rank crystal field strengths with crystallographic data or Taft constants.
Vanadium(IV) and ‐(V) Complexes of Reduced Schiff Bases Derived from Aromatic o‐Hydroxyaldehydes and Tyrosine Derivatives
Authors: Correia Isabel , Marcão Susana , Koci Kamila , Tomaz Isabel , Adão Pedro , Kiss Tamás , Jakusch Tamás , Avecilla Fernando , Costa Pessoa João 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reduced Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde and pyridoxal (and o‐vaniline) with L‐tyrosine (Tyr) and D,L‐o‐tyrosine (o‐Tyr), designated as sal‐Tyr (1), sal‐o‐Tyr (2), pyr‐Tyr (3), pyr‐o‐Tyr (4), and o‐van‐L‐Tyr (5), as well as the oxidovanadium(IV) complex VO(sal‐o‐Tyr) (6) have been prepared. The compounds have been characterized in the solid state and in solution. The structure of 3 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complexation of these ligands with vanadium in aqueous solution has been studied by pH potentiometry, UV/Vis, and circular dichroism (for the L‐Tyr derivatives), as well as by EPR for the VIVO systems and 51V NMR for the VVO2 systems. Stoichiometries and complex formation constants have been determined by pH potentiometry (25 °C, I = 0.2 M KCl) 1:1 complexes are formed in most systems with variable protonation states VOLH2 (only with 3 and 4), VOLH, VOL, and VOLH–1. Dinuclear species (VOL)2H and (VOL)2 were identified only in the case of 3. Spectroscopic data provided information about the most probable binding modes for each stoichiometry. The VIVO complexes formed with the o‐Tyr‐derived ligands are more stable than those with L‐Tyr, the more adequate coordination position of the phenolate in the o‐Tyr ligands shows a more significant stabilizing effect compared with 3 and 4.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Nephrosteranic Acid and (+)‐Roccellaric Acid through Asymmetric Dihydroxylation and Johnson–Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chowdhury Asim K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn efficient stereoselective total synthesis of (+)‐nephrosteranic acid and (+)‐roccellaric acid is presented. The synthetic strategy features the regioselective asymmetric dihydroxylation of the γ,δ‐olefinic bond of a α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated ester and the Johnson–Claisen rearrangement as the key steps. The synthesis is achieved in 10 steps and 6.8 % (nephrosteranic acid) and 7.6 % (roccellaric acid) overall yield.
Depression and its correlates in older adults in Ukraine
Authors: Tintle Nathan , Bacon Branden , Kostyuchenko Stanislav , Gutkovich Zinoviy , Bromet Evelyn J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the epidemiology of late life depression in Eastern Europe. This study examined the 12‐month prevalence and correlates of DSM‐IV major depressive episode (MDE) in adults age 50 years and over in Ukraine. The correlates included demographic factors, mental health and alcohol history, physical conditions, and impairments in functioning.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Ukraine using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI‐3.0) as part of the World Health Organization–World Mental Health Survey Initiative. The sample included 1843 respondents age 50–91. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were used to examine associations of the risk factors with 12‐month MDE in men and women separately.ResultsThe 12‐month prevalence of MDE was 14.4% in women and 7.1% in men. In both sexes, history of MDE before age 50 and poor self‐assessed mental/physical health were significantly associated with MDE. Additionally, in men, living alone, 5+ physician visits, and role impairment, but not alcoholism, were associated with depression; in women, poverty, history of anxiety disorder, medical conditions, and cognitive and self‐care impairment were significant.ConclusionsThe 12‐month prevalence of late life MDE was substantially higher in Ukraine than in Western Europe and other developed countries. The risk factors, however, were similar to those found outside Ukraine. Depression is a recurrent condition, and history of depression was the strongest risk factor. Overall, the results show that older people in Ukraine constitute a high‐risk group for MDE and would therefore benefit from targeted interventions by primary care physicians. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
99mTC‐octreotide scintigraphy and somatostatin receptor subtype expression in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas
Authors: Kukwa Wojciech , Andrysiak Renata , Kukwa Andrzej , Hubalewska‐Dydejczyk Alicja , Gronkiewicz Zuzanna , Wojtowicz Piotr , Krolicki Leszek , Wierzchowski Wojciech , Grochowski Tomasz , Czarnecka Anna M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe main goal of the study was the analysis of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression on juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) cells and a subsequent analysis of the utility of SST analog‐based scintigraphy in JNA diagnostics.MethodsNine JNA cases were analyzed. All tissue samples were analyzed for the expression of SSTRs. In 2 cases, scintigraphy was performed after the intravenous (IV) administration of an SST analog. MRI of the craniofacial region was subsequently performed.ResultsThe SST analogues were accumulated in areas matching pathologic tissue in the nasopharynx. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the tissue samples proved the overexpression of SSTRs.ConclusionsSSTRs are overexpressed on JNA cells. The SST analog99mTC‐octreotide is effectively bound to JNA cells. SST analogues might be used in the diagnostics and treatment of primary, recurrent, or residual JNA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Hepatic Stellate Cells Regulate Immune Response by Way of Induction of Myeloid Suppressor Cells in Mice Δσ
Authors: Chou Hong-Shiue , Hsieh Ching-Chuan , Yang Horng-Ren , Wang Lianfu , Arakawa Yusuke , Brown Kathleen , Wu Qingyu , Lin Feng , Peters Marion , Fung John J. , Lu Lina , Qian Shiguang 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Although organ transplants have been applied for decades, outcomes of somatic cell transplants remain disappointing, presumably due to lack of appropriate supporting stromal cells. Thus, cotransplantation with liver stromal cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), achieves long-term survival of islet allografts in mice by way of induction of effector T cell apoptosis and generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this study we provide evidence both

in vitro

and

in vivo

that HSC can promote generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). HSC-induced MDSC demonstrate potent immune inhibitory activity. Induction of MDSC is dependent on an intact interferon gamma signaling pathway in HSC and is mediated by soluble factors, suggesting that the specific tissue stromal cells, such as HSC, play a crucial role in regulating immune response by way of inflammation-induced generation of MDSC. Large amounts of MDSC can be propagated

in vitro

from bone marrow-derived myeloid precursor cells under the influence of HSC.

Conclusion:

Cotransplantation with

in vitro

generated MDSC can effectively protect islet allografts from host immune attack. Local delivery of potent immune suppressor cells for cell transplants holds great clinical application potential. (Hepatology 2011;)
Progression risk of columnar cell lesions of the breast diagnosed in core needle biopsies
Authors: Verschuur‐Maes Anoek H.J. , Witkamp Arjen J. , de Bruin Peter C. , van der Wall Elsken , van Diest Paul J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractColumnar cell lesions (CCLs) of the breast are recognized as putative precursor lesions of invasive carcinoma, but their management remains controversial. We therefore conducted a retrospective study on 311 CCLs, diagnosed in 4,164 14‐gauge core needle biopsies (CNB): 221 CCLs without atypia (CCL), 69 with atypia (CCL‐A), and 21 atypical ductal hyperplasias originating in CCL (ADH‐CCL). Two groups were identified: “immediate treatment” group undergoing excision within four months after the CNB diagnosis of CCL (N = 52) and the “wait‐and‐see” group followed up to 8 years (median 3.5 years, N = 259). In 7 of 31 women (22.5%, 1 CCL, 4 CCL‐A, 2 ADH‐CCL) who underwent immediate surgical excision and were initially biopsied for microcalcifications, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was present and in 2/31 women (6.5%, 1 CCL, 1 CCL‐A) invasive carcinoma. In 2/21 excisions (9.5%, 1 CCL, 1 CCL‐A) initially biopsied for a density, DCIS was present and invasive carcinoma in 5/21 excisions (23.8%, 2 CCL, 3 CCL‐A). In the wait‐and‐see group, 9/259 women (3.5%) developed invasive carcinoma, 6 ipsi, and 3 contralaterally. Progression risks of CCL‐A and ADH‐CCL were 18% and 22%,versus 2% for CCL without atypia (p < 0.001). In conclusion, CCL‐A or ADH‐CCL in a CNB were associated with a high risk of DCIS/invasive carcinoma in immediate surgical excision biopsies. The 8‐years progression risks for CCL‐A and ADH‐CCL were around 20%. This illustrates that an atypical CCL in a CNB may signal the presence of concurrent lesions or development of advanced lesions in future and may justify (“mini”) surgical excision.
Head neck squamous cell carcinoma c‐Met+ cells display cancer stem cell properties and are responsible for cisplatin‐resistance and metastasis
Authors: Sun Shuyang , Wang Zuolin 
Published: January 2011

Abstractc‐Met, the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, is overexpressed in a variety of tumors in which it plays a central role in malignant transformation. Although c‐Met has also been determined to be a critical signaling molecule in normal stem cell function, the potential role of c‐Met as a single marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been previously examined. In our study, we reported that human head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells expressing c‐Met were capable of self‐renewal and of generating tumors that recapitulate the heterogeneity of the parental tumors, and isolation of HNSCC cells using a second marker CD44 could further enhance upon the in‐vivo tumorigenicity. We also reported that c‐Met+ HNSCC cells could readily make spherical colonies in nonadherent culture conditions, in contrast, c‐Met− population did not; these spherical colonies could be passaged multiple times without loss of colony‐forming capability. Furthermore, we showed that c‐Met+ HNSCC cells have increased expression of self‐renewal pathways are spared by cisplatin treatment and are responsible for mediating metastasis. These results indicated that c‐Met could serve as a novel marker for CSCs at least in HNSCC, and the highly chemoresistant and metastatic capabilities of c‐Met+ HNSCC population make them an important cell type to better define and understand their function.
Vegetables and fruits consumption and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Steevens Jessie , Schouten Leo J. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , van den Brandt Piet A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractProspective epidemiologic data on vegetables and fruits consumption and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer are sparse. We studied the association between vegetables and fruits consumption and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) in the Netherlands Cohort Study. In 1986, 120,852 Dutch men and women aged 55–69 filled out a questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors. After 16.3 years of follow‐up, 101 ESCC, 144 EAC, 156 GCA, 460 GNCA cases and 4,035 subcohort members were available for case–cohort analysis using Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariable adjusted incidence rate ratios (RRs) were generally below unity. Total vegetable consumption was nonsignificantly inversely associated with EAC and ESCC risk, but not with GCA and GNCA risk. Significant inverse associations were observed for raw vegetables and EAC risk [RR per 25 g/day: 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.98], and Brassica vegetables and GCA risk (RR per 25 g/day: 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.95). Total fruit consumption was associated with a nonsignificantly decreased EAC risk. Citrus fruits were inversely associated with EAC and GCA risk (RRs for highestvs.lowest intake: 0.55, 95% CI 0.31–0.98 and 0.38, 95% CI 0.21–0.69, respectively). Specifically for current smokers, vegetables and possibly also fruits intake was inversely associated with ESCC and EAC risk. Consumption of (specific groups of) vegetables and fruits may protect against subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer.
Elevated risk of colorectal adenoma with Helicobacter pylori‐related chronic gastritis: A population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Inoue Izumi , Mukoubayashi Chizu , Yoshimura Noriko , Niwa Tohru , Deguchi Hisanobu , Watanabe Mika , Enomoto Shotaro , Maekita Takao , Ueda Kazuki , Iguchi Mikitaka , Yanaoka Kimihiko , Tamai Hideyuki , Arii Kenji , Oka Masashi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Takeshita Tatsuya , Iwane Masataka , Mohara Osamu , Ichinose Masao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study investigated correlations between Helicobacter pylori infection or chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and risk of colorectal adenoma in a population‐based case‐control study. Subjects comprised asymptomatic, middle‐aged, male Japanese factory workers who participated in an annual health check‐up program, including cancer screening with colonoscopy. We selected 239 colorectal adenoma cases based on histological evaluation and 239 age‐matched adenoma‐free controls, and evaluated colorectal adenoma risk according to stage of H. pylori‐related chronic gastritis as determined by serum tests for H. pylori antibody titer and pepsinogen. Subjects with colorectal adenoma were more likely to be smokers and have hypercholesterolemia. H. pylori infection was a risk factor for adenoma as a whole (crude odds ratio [OR]: 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–3.55). Analysis of distal adenoma cases showed that adenoma risk was significantly increased in the presence of H. pylori infection, but there was no further increase in risk with CAG. In contrast, proximal adenoma risk increased stepwise with the presence and progression of H. pylori‐related chronic gastritis and showed a maximal and significant increase with CAG (crude OR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.43–14.2). Subjects with more extensive and severe gastritis showed still higher risk not only for proximal but also for distal adenoma. H. pylori‐related chronic gastritis is likely to be involved in the development of colorectal neoplasms, and its progression appears to increase the risk, particularly for proximal adenomas. Knowing the H. pylori‐related chronic gastritis stage will probably be useful for evaluation of risk for colorectal neoplasia.
Inhibition of ovarian cancer by RGD‐P125A‐endostatin‐Fc fusion proteins
Authors: Jing Yawu , Lu Huarui , Wu Kailang , Subramanian Indira V. , Ramakrishnan S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a single point mutation in endostatin at position 125 (P125A) can improve the biological activity of endostatin. Addition of an integrin‐targeting moiety, R‐G‐D, resulted in better localization to tumor vasculature and improved the antiangiogenic activity of endostatin. Because endostatin has relatively shorter serum half‐life, frequent dosing was required for inhibiting tumor growth. In our study, we have genetically fused RGD‐P125A‐endostatin to Fc of IgG4 isotype and evaluated its antiangiogenic and antitumor effects in athymic mice. Two genetic constructs were made, RGD‐P125A‐endostatin‐Fc (RE‐Fc) and P125A‐endostatin‐RGD‐Fc (ER‐Fc). Both constructs were cloned and expressed in mammalian cells. Purified fusion proteins inhibited endothelial cell migration and proliferation better than yeast‐derived P125A‐endostatin. Both RE‐Fc and ER‐Fc inhibited ovarian cancer growth and were found to be as effective as Bevacizumab treatment. Fusion protein showed marked increased half‐life. Combination treatment with Bevacizumab and ER‐Fc showed additive inhibition of ovarian cancer growth. These studies demonstrate that genetic fusion with human IgG4‐Fc increases the half‐life of P125A‐endostatin and can be used along with Bevacizumab to improve antiangiogenic and antitumor activities.