bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head pose estimation with particle swarm optimization‐based contrastive learning and multimodal entangled GCN
Authors: Lian Yuanfeng , Shi Yinliang , Liu Zhaonian , Jiang Bin , Li Xingtao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHead pose estimation is an especially challenging task due to the complexity nonlinear mapping from 2D feature space to 3D pose space. To address the above issue, this paper presents a novel and efficient head pose estimation framework based on particle swarm optimized contrastive learning and multimodal entangled graph convolution network. Firstly, a new network, the region and difference‐aware feature pyramid network (RD‐FPN), is proposed for 2D keypoints detection to alleviate the background interference and enhance the feature expressiveness. Then, particle swarm optimized contrastive learning is constructed to alternatively match 2D and 3D keypoints, which takes the multimodal keypoints matching accuracy as the optimization objective, while considering the similarity of cross‐modal positive and negative sample pairs from contrastive learning as a local contrastive constraint. Finally, multimodal entangled graph convolution network is designed to enhance the ability of establishing geometric relationships between keypoints and head pose angles based on second‐order bilinear attention, in which point‐edge attention is introduced to improve the representation of geometric features between multimodal keypoints. Compared with other methods, the average error of our method is reduced by 8.23%, indicating the accuracy, generalization, and efficiency of our method on the 300W‐LP, AFLW2000, BIWI datasets.
MATRICS: The implicit matrix-free Eulerian hydrodynamics solver
Authors: Meyer Johannes , Fuksman Julio David Melon , Klahr Hubert 
Published: June 2024

Context. There exists a zoo of different astrophysical fluid dynamics solvers, most of which are based on an explicit formulation and hence stability-limited to small time steps dictated by the Courant number expressing the local speed of sound. With this limitation, the modeling of low-Mach-number flows requires small time steps that introduce significant numerical diffusion, and a large amount of computational resources are needed. On the other hand, implicit methods are often developed to exclusively model the fully incompressible or 1D case since they require the construction and solution of one or more large (non)linear systems per time step, for which direct matrix inversion procedures become unacceptably slow in two or more dimensions.
Aims. In this work, we present a globally implicit 3D axisymmetric Eulerian solver for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations including the energy equation using conservative formulation and a fully simultaneous approach. We use the second-order-in-time backward differentiation formula for temporal discretization as well as the κ scheme for spatial discretization. We implement different limiter functions to prohibit the occurrence of spurious oscillations in the vicinity of discontinuities. Our method resembles the well-known monotone upwind scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL). We briefly present efficient solution methods for the arising sparse and nonlinear system of equations.
Methods. To deal with the nonlinearity of the Navier–Stokes equations we used a Newton iteration procedure in which the required Jacobian matrix-vector product was reconstructed with a first-order finite difference approximation to machine precision in a matrix-free way. The resulting linear system was solved either completely matrix-free with a combination of a sufficient Krylov solver and an approximate Jacobian preconditioner or semi-matrix-free with the incomplete lower upper factorization technique as a preconditioner. The latter was dependent on a standalone approximation of the Jacobian matrix, which was optionally calculated and needed solely for the purpose of preconditioning.
Results. We show our method to be capable of damping sound waves and resolving shocks even at Courant numbers larger than one. Furthermore, we prove the method’s ability to solve boundary value problems like the cylindrical Taylor-Couette flow (TC), including viscosity, and to model transition flows. To show the latter, we recover predicted growth rates for the vertical shear instability, while choosing a time step orders of magnitude larger than the explicit one. Finally, we verify that our method is second order in space by simulating a simplistic, stationary solar wind.
SiO maser polarization and magnetic field in evolved cool stars
Authors: Marinho L. , Herpin F. , Wiesemeyer H. , López Ariste A. , Baudry A. , Asensio Ramos A. , Lèbre A. , Mathias P. , Montargès M. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Magnetic fields, photospheric and atmospheric dynamics can be involved in triggering the high mass loss observed in evolved cool stars. Previous works have revealed that the magnetic field of these objects extends beyond their surface. The origin of this magnetic field is still debated. The possible mechanisms include a turbulent dynamo, convection, stellar pulsation, and cool spots.
Aims. Our goal is to estimate the magnetic field strength in the inner circumstellar envelope of six evolved cool stars (five Miras and one red supergiant). Combining this work with previous studies, we tentatively constrain the global magnetic field type and shed light on the mechanisms that cause it.
Methods. Using the XPOL polarimeter installed at the IRAM-30 m telescope, we observed the 28SiO v = 1, J = 2 − 1 maser line emission and obtained simultaneous spectroscopic measurements of the four Stokes parameters. Applying a careful calibration method for Stokes Q, U, and V, we derived estimates of the magnetic field strength from the circular and linear polarization fractions considering the saturated and unsaturated maser cases under the Zeeman hypothesis.
Results. Magnetic field strengths from several Gauss up to several dozen Gauss are derived. These new and more accurate measurements constrain the field strength in the region of 2–5 stellar radii better than previous studies and appear to exclude a global poloidal magnetic field type. The combination of a toroidal and poloidal field is not excluded, however. A variation in the magnetic field strength over a two-month timescale is observed in one Mira star, which suggests a possible link to the stellar phase, that is, a link with pulsation and photospheric activity.
Orbital evolution of a tidally stripped star and disk-driven stable mass transfer for QPEs in GSN 069
Authors: Wang Di 
Published: June 2024

Context. A plausible origin for the quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) could be mass loss at the periastron of a body moving around the supermassive black hole (SMBH) on a highly eccentric orbit. This kind of tidally stripped star is expected to radiate gravitational waves, thereby leading to a shrinkage of the periastron distance. As a result, it will eventually be disrupted by the SMBH, as suggested by previous studies.
Aims. This scenario predicts a gradually increasing mass transfer, contradicting the long-term evolution of the observed intensity of QPEs in GSN 069.
Methods. In this work, we revisit the orbital evolution of the stripped star and we propose a model of a tidally stripped WD moving inside an accretion disk for QPEs, aimed at characterizing GSN 069.
Results. We found the effect of the mass transfer ultimately dominates the orbital evolution, resulting in the stripped star finally escaping the SMBH, rather than being disrupted by it. The drag force induced by the disk may effectively reduce the mass transfer and could thus explain the observed long-term evolution in the intensity of the QPEs in GSN 069. The disk is likely a fallback disk of the tidal disruption event in GSN 069. Considering the evolution of its accretion rate, this scenario could also explain the increase in the intensity of the latest eruption.
Impact of primordial black hole dark matter on gas properties at very high redshift: Semianalytical model
Authors: Casanueva-Villarreal C. , Tissera P. B. , Padilla N. , Liu B. , Bromm V. , Pedrosa S. , Bignone L. , Dominguez-Tenreiro R. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Primordial black holes (PBHs) have been proposed as potential candidates for dark matter (DM) and have garnered significant attention in recent years.
Aims. Our objective is to delve into the distinct impact of PBHs on the gas properties and their potential role in shaping the cosmic structure. Specifically, we aim to analyze the evolving gas properties while considering the presence of accreting PBHs with varying monochromatic masses and in different quantities. By studying the feedback effects produced by this accretion, our final goal is to assess the plausibility of PBHs as candidates for DM.
Methods. We developed a semianalytical model that works on top of the CIELO hydrodynamical simulation around z ∼ 23. This model enables a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of gas properties affected by PBHs. Our focus lies on the temperature and hydrogen abundances, with specific emphasis on the region closest to the halo center. We explore PBH masses of 1, 33, and 100 M⊙, located within mass windows in which a substantial fraction of DM could exist in the form of PBHs. We investigated various DM fractions composed of these PBHs (fPBH > 10−4).
Results. Our findings suggest that PBHs with masses of 1 M⊙ and fractions greater than or equal to approximately 10−2 would be ruled out due to the significant changes induced in the gas properties. The same applies to PBHs with a mass of 33 M⊙ and 100 M⊙ and fractions greater than approximately 10−3. These effects are particularly pronounced in the region nearest to the halo center, potentially leading to delayed galaxy formation within halos.
RTModel: A platform for real-time modeling and massive analyses of microlensing events
Authors: Bozza V. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The microlensing of stars in our Galaxy has long been used to detect and characterize stellar populations, exoplanets, brown dwarfs, stellar remnants, and all other objects that may magnify the source stars with their gravitational fields. The interpretation of microlensing light curves is relatively simple for single lenses and single sources, but it becomes more and more complicated when we add more objects and take their relative motions into account.
Aims. RTModel is a modeling platform that has been very active in the real-time investigations of microlensing events, providing preliminary models that have proven very useful for driving follow-up resources towards the most interesting events. The success of RTModel comes from its ability to carry out a thorough and focused exploration of the parameter space in a relatively short time.
Methods. This modeling process is based on three key ideas. First, the initial conditions are chosen from a template library including all possible caustic crossing and approaches. The fits are then made using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with the addition of a bumper mechanism to explore multiple minima. Finally, the basic computations of microlensing magnification are performed by the fast and robust VBBinaryLensing package.
Results. In this paper, we illustrate all the algorithms of RTModel in detail with the intention to foster new approaches in view of future microlensing pipelines aimed at massive microlensing analyses.
Deutsche Übersetzung und erste psychometrische Testung des Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care (FACQ-PC)
Authors: Rosendahl Huber Sebastian , Müller Gerhard , Kreyer Christiane 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Pflegende Angehörige erfahren häufig erhebliche Belastungen. Um sie zu unterstützen, sollten belastende und positive Aspekte der Lebenssituation systematisch erfasst werden. Dazu wurde der Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care (FACQ-PC) mit 25 Items in 4 Domänen übersetzt und validiert.
Methode Die Übersetzung erfolgte nach den Prinzipien der International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Anschließend wurden die interne Konsistenz sowie die Inhalts- und Augenscheinvalidität durch Expert*innen (n=15) sowie pflegende Angehörige (n=35) bestimmt.
Ergebnisse Die Übersetzung weist eine gute interne Konsistenz mit einem Cronbachs α-Wert von über 0,8 (n=35) in allen 4 Domänen, eine ausreichende Augenscheinvalidität (S-FVI=74%, n=32) sowie Inhaltsvalidität (I-CVI>78%, n=15) in allen bis auf 2 Items auf.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass der deutschsprachige FACQ-PC für Praxis und Forschung valide ist.
Diastereodivergent Synthesis of A-Ring Lactones Derived from Cholesterol and Diosgenin: A Convenient Solution for an Old Problem – NMR and X-ray Characterization
Authors: Iglesias-Arteaga Martín A. , García-Santos William H. , Valente-Valdovinos Paola , Cortina-Mendoza Álvaro J. , Flores-Álamo Marcos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA convenient protocol for the synthesis of A-ring lactones derived from cholesterol was developed. A lactone reduction–lactol separation–reoxidation sequence, applied to the inseparable mixture of diastereomeric lactones, allows the production of multigram amounts of each lactone in pure form. The same sequence applied to A-ring lactones derived from diosgenin produced similar results. A detailed NMR characterization of all the obtained lactones is also provided. X-ray diffraction corroborated the structure of the obtained compounds.
Photoinduced Aryl Ketone-Catalyzed Phenylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds Attached to the Heteroatom of Ethers and N-Boc-Amines via Concerted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Azami Masaya , Sumimoto Michinori , Nakamura Reika , Murafuji Toshihiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA single-step phenylation at the non-acidic C(sp3)–H bond attached to the heteroatom of ethers and N-Boc-amines has been achieved using photoexcited 4-benzoylpyridine as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst. The design of electron-deficient (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene derivatives, as a phenyl precursor, was critical to realizing the present transformation. Moreover, the DFT calculations indicated that the present transformation proceeds via a concerted homolytic aromatic substitution rather than via a stepwise one involving the formation of a cyclohexadienyl radical intermediate.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Lobophopyranone A and B
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Reddy G. Sudhakar , Choudhury Utkal Mani , Keerthana H. Sai , Naik K. Charan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe first asymmetric total synthesis and structural confirmation of lobophopyranone A and B have been accomplished from commercially available starting materials. Reagent-controlled Keck–Maruoka allylation, Grignard reaction, chelation-controlled Sakurai allylation, and acid-mediated one-step TBS ether deprotection followed by cyclization are the crucial stages in this synthesis that create the 2,6-disubstituted dihydropyranone component.
Enantioselective α-Boryl Carbene Transformations
Authors: Zhu Shou-Fei , Huang Ming-Yao 
Published: June 2024

Abstractα-Boryl carbenes, which are hybrid structures combining elements of carbenes and boryl groups, represent promising intermediates for constructing organoboron compounds. However, these carbenes are challenging to synthesize and exhibit limited structural diversity. Moreover, their applications in asymmetric transformations remain largely unexplored. In this study, we utilized boryl cyclopropenes as precursors to rapidly synthesize α-Bpin metal carbenes, a novel category of intermediates critical for the synthesis of chiral organoboron molecules. Facilitated by a copper complex modified by a chiral bisoxazoline ligand, these α-boryl carbenes participate in a range of highly enantioselective transfer reactions, including B–H and Si–H insertions, as well as cyclopropanation and cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement processes. This methodology provides access to previously inaccessible, yet highly useful, chiral organoborons, thereby significantly advancing both carbene and organoboron chemistry.1	Introduction2	Previous Discovery and Our Design3	Copper Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Boryl Carbene Transfer Reactions4	Mechanistic Studies5	Conclusions
The Cystic Appearance of a Mediastinal Mass Does Not Exclude Lymphoma: A Case Example of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Thymic Cyst and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Kahwash Samir , Chaves Sheridan , Patton Ashlie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with an episode of shortness of breath while playing sports. Upon radiologic workup, she was found to have a large multicystic anterior mediastinal mass. The cystic appearance of mass and lack of constitutional symptoms contributed to favoring a benign cystic process and deferring surgical resection until the end of sport season. When surgery was performed 3 months later, microscopic examination showed findings diagnostic of classic Hodgkin lymphoma arising in a thymic cyst. Despite the rarity of such cases, it is important to remember that the cystic nature of an anterior mediastinal mass does not exclude lymphoma. Definitive diagnosis is not possible without examination of representative tissue.
Intramedullary Spinal Epidermoid Cyst—A Rare Cause of Spastic Paraparesis
Authors: Datta Debajyoti , Chatterjee Debarshi , Tiwari Mona , Das Soutrik , Basu Anindya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpinal intramedullary epidermoids are rare intramedullary lesions of the spinal cord. They may be congenital or acquired with the congenital type often associated with spinal dysraphism and other spinal anomalies. The clinical presentation depends on the level of the involvement of the spinal cord. Management of these lesions is surgical excision. We report a case of intramedullary spinal epidermoid who presented with spastic paraparesis.
Attitude of Students and Audiologist Professionals towards Patient-Centered Care in Audiology
Authors: Goyal Swati , E. Prajwal Kumar , Murthy Chethana P. , Prabhu Prashanth P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background In audiology, the service model has always been practitioner-centric or techno-centric. However, the model has evolved into client-centric over the years. Patient centeredness is a growing trend in healthcare as it improves the outcomes of the intervention and patient satisfaction. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the preferences of undergraduates, postgraduates, and working professionals toward a patient-centered framework for the service delivery model.
Materials & methods This study employed a survey design where the data was collected using an online questionnaire (patient–practitioner orientation scale). A total of 60 individuals participated in the survey which included undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and working professionals.
Results The analysis of the findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the attitude toward preferences between postgraduate students and working professionals. However, a significant difference was found between undergraduate students and working professionals and undergraduate students and postgraduate students.
Conclusion This study concludes that the postgraduate students and working professionals are more patient-centric than the undergraduate students. However, further studies are needed to compare the attitudes of working professionals with varying years of work experience.
Exploring the Association between Benign Anorectal Conditions and Colorectal Cancer from the Analysis of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopies
Authors: Başak Fatih , Çalışkan Yahya Kemal , Atadağ Yıldız Büyükdereli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjective Patients experiencing hemorrhoids or fissures may overlook other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, assuming that they are linked solely to their existing condition. However, colon cancer, often asymptomatic, can coincide with benign pathologies detected during colonoscopy. This study investigates the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients undergoing lower GI endoscopy for hemorrhoids and elucidates the correlation between cancer and benign pathologies identified during colonoscopy. Highlighting its potential to reveal hidden cancers emphasizes the critical role of colonoscopy in comprehensive health care.Methods The primary objective was to thoroughly investigate the prevalence of CRC in patients who underwent lower GI endoscopy for hemorrhoids. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using a dataset spanning 7 years of lower GI endoscopy. The main focus of this investigation was to determine the incidence of cancer. Additionally, a meticulous examination of accompanying benign diagnoses was performed to provide a comprehensive evaluation.Results The study cohort, comprising 6,268 patients, revealed a noteworthy coexistence of malignancies with common conditions. The revelation was of paramount significance that the total number of malignant cases within this cohort was 440. Polyps emerged as the most frequently observed condition, constituting 55.2% (n = 243) of the cases. Diverticulosis was present in 6.6% (n: 29) of cases, while ulcerative colitis was detected in 8% (n: 2) of cases. Hemorrhoids were identified in 20.7% (n: 91) of cases. The findings indicated a substantial association between these common conditions and malignancy. Specifically, it was discovered that approximately 1 in 22 individuals with hemorrhoids, 1 in 52 individuals with fissures, and 1 in 5.7 individuals with polyps were diagnosed with malignancy.Conclusion This study highlights the pivotal role of colonoscopy in uncovering hidden cancers, especially in patients with hemorrhoids. The findings emphasize the significance of doctors and patients prioritizing colonoscopy, as it allows for early detection and intervention for potential malignancies, even in the presence of hemorrhoids.
Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes following Proximal Row Carpectomy
Authors: Meulendijks Mara Z. , Lans Jonathan , Jupiter Jesse B. , Chen Neal C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a procedure used for pain relief from arthrosis that preserves some degree of range of motion (ROM). Dorsal capsular interposition (DCI) is an option for cases where some chondral loss of the capitate is present.
Purposes The aim of this study is to assess what factors influence long-term patient-reported outcomes following PRC and specifically to evaluate the role of DCI. Additionally, this study aims to report the long-term postoperative ROM in patients with DCI.
Methods Patients who underwent PRC in the period between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively identified, resulting in a cohort of 162 patients. Patient-reported outcomes were obtained using validated questionnaires and were completed by 59 patients at a median follow-up time of 8.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0–13). Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with patient-reported outcomes.
Results The median PRWE (Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation) score was 17 (IQR: 5.5–52), the median QuickDASH (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score was 16 (IQR: 4.5–39), and the median NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) Pain score was 1 (IQR: 0–3). The mean flexion–extension ROM was 70 ± 24 degrees. After correcting for gender, involvement of the capitate cartilage was independently associated with worse QuickDASH scores.
Conclusions PRC is associated with good functional outcomes and pain control at long-term follow-up. This generally also applied to patients who underwent DCI; however, the role of DCI in those with capitate cartilage injury remains unclear. Preexistent damage to the capitate cartilage was associated with worse QuickDASH scores.
Level of Evidence II, Prognostic study.