bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Unique Population of Tissue-Memory CD4+ T Cells in the Airways after Influenza Infection That Is Dependent on the Integrin VLA-1
Authors: Chapman Timothy J. , Topham David J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
During the immune response to influenza infection, activated T cells are distributed to both lymphoid and extralymphoid tissues, including the infected airways where direct recognition of viral Ag-bearing cells takes place. The collagen-binding α1β1 integrin VLA-1 is essential for the development of memory CD8+ T cells in the airways, and although expressed by some CD4+ T cells, its significance has not been demonstrated. We investigated the role of VLA-1 on virus-specific CD4+ T cells during and after primary or secondary influenza infection of mice. The proportion of CD4+ cells expressing CD49a (α1 integrin) was low in all tissues sampled during primary infection but increased in the airways after viral clearance. Furthermore, during the first 24 h of a secondary influenza challenge, the majority of IFN-γ–secreting effector CD4+ T cells from the airways was in the CD49a+ population. Airway CD49a+CD4+ cells also expressed reduced markers of apoptosis compared with CD49a− cells, and fewer memory or effector CD4+ cells could be recovered from airways of α1−/− mice, although lymphoid tissues appeared unaffected. These data suggest VLA-1 expression defines a population of tissue memory CD4+ T cells that act as rapid effectors upon reinfection, and VLA-1 expression is integral to their accumulation in the airways.
Cutting Edge: A Critical Role for the G Protein-Coupled Receptor mFPR2 in Airway Inflammation and Immune Responses
Authors: Chen Keqiang , Le Yingying , Liu Ying , Gong Wanghua , Ying Guoguang , Huang Jian , Yoshimura Teizo , Tessarollo Lino , Wang Ji Ming 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The formylpeptide receptor-like 1, now officially termed FPR2, in human and its mouse homolog mFPR2 mediate leukocyte migration in response to agonists associated with inflammation and immune responses. To clarify the in vivo role of the receptor, we generated mice deficient in mFPR2. mFPR2−/− mice showed markedly reduced severity in OVA/alum-induced allergic airway inflammation. This was associated with diminished recruitment of CD11c+ dendritic cells into the airway mucosa and secondary lymphoid organs, as well as reduced production of Type 2 cytokines and Igs. We also found that the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from wild type mice with airway inflammation contained mFPR2 agonist activity. This study reveals a critical role for mFPR2 in the progression of allergic airway inflammation and immune responses.
Activation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in the Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes by CD8+ T Cells Engineered to Express CD40 Ligand
Authors: Higham Eileen M. , Wittrup K. Dane , Chen Jianzhu 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment can inhibit the generation and maintenance of robust antitumor T cell responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of local delivery of CD40L by tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells on dendritic cell activation and antitumor T cell responses in the TRAMP model. To increase the immunostimulatory signal, CD40L was engineered, by deleting the majority of the cytoplasmic domain, to increase its levels of expression and duration on the surface of CD8+ T cells. Tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells expressing the truncated form of CD40L stimulated maturation of dendritic cells in vitro and in the prostate draining lymph nodes in vivo. Following dendritic cell maturation, a significantly higher fraction of adoptively transferred, tumor-reactive (reporter) CD8+ T cells was stimulated to express IFN-γ and infiltrate the prostate tissue. The antitumor CD8+ T cell response was further enhanced if TRAMP mice were also immunized with a tumor-specific Ag. These findings demonstrate that augmented T cell responses can be achieved by engineering tumor-reactive T cells to deliver stimulatory signals to dendritic cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Febrile-Range Hyperthermia Augments Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury by a Mechanism of Enhanced Alveolar Epithelial Apoptosis
Authors: Lipke Anne B. , Matute-Bello Gustavo , Herrero Raquel , Kurahashi Kiyoyasu , Wong Venus A. , Mongovin Stephen M. , Martin Thomas R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFever is common in critically ill patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes, including increased intensive care unit mortality. In animal models, febrile-range hyperthermia (FRH) worsens acute lung injury, but the mechanisms by which this occurs remain uncertain. We hypothesized that FRH augments the response of the alveolar epithelium to TNF-α receptor family signaling. We found that FRH augmented LPS-induced lung injury and increased LPS-induced mortality in mice. At 24 h, animals exposed to hyperthermia and LPS had significant increases in alveolar permeability without changes in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung tissue as compared with animals exposed to LPS alone. The increase in alveolar permeability was associated with an increase in alveolar epithelial apoptosis and was attenuated by caspase inhibition with zVAD.fmk. At 48 h, the animals exposed to hyperthermia and LPS had an enhanced lung inflammatory response. In murine lung epithelial cell lines (MLE-15, LA-4) and in primary type II alveolar epithelial cells, FRH enhanced apoptosis in response to TNF-α but not Fas ligand. The increase in apoptosis was caspase-8 dependent and associated with suppression of NF-κB activity. The FRH-associated NF-κB suppression was not associated with persistence of IκB-α, suggesting that FRH-mediated suppression of NF-κB occurs by means other than alteration of IκB-α kinetics. These data show for the first time that FRH promotes lung injury in part by increasing lung epithelial apoptosis. The enhanced apoptotic response might relate to FRH-mediated suppression of NF-κB activity in the alveolar epithelium with a resultant increase in susceptibility to TNF-α–mediated cell death.
Cutting Edge: Mast Cells Express IL-17A in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium
Authors: Hueber Axel J. , Asquith Darren L. , Miller Ashley M. , Reilly Jim , Kerr Shauna , Leipe Jan , Melendez Alirio J. , McInnes Iain B. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A is considered a crucial player in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. In experimental models of autoimmune arthritis, it has been suggested that the cellular source of IL-17A is CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells). However, little is known about the source of IL-17 in human inflamed RA tissue. We explored the cellular sources of IL-17A in human RA synovium. Surprisingly, only a small proportion of IL-17–expressing cells were T cells, and these were CCR6 negative. Unexpectedly, the majority of IL-17A expression colocalized within mast cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro that mast cells produced RORC-dependent IL-17A upon stimulation with TNF-α, IgG complexes, C5a, and LPS. These data are consistent with a crucial role for IL-17A in RA pathogenesis but suggest that in addition to T cells innate immune pathways particularly mediated via mast cells may be an important component of the effector IL-17A response.
Derivation of Vasculature from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Lindquist Jeffrey N. , Cheresh David A. , Snyder Evan Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe formation of the multicellular vascular system is critical to the growth, development, and viability of an organism, and many embryonic lethal mouse knockouts are due to vascular defects. Unfortunately, the complex nature, and many cell types involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis has stymied in vitro models of vascular formation. This unit describes a system that allows human embryonic stem cells to differentiate and spontaneously form vascular networks via both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the context of the three germ layers. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 12:1F.9.1‐1F.9.6. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Convergence depth control for interior point methods
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Shao Zhijiang , Wang Kexin , Chen Xi , Biegler Lorenz T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor practical applications, optimization algorithms may converge to the optimal solution unreasonably slowly because of factors such as the poor scaling, ill‐conditioning, errors in calculation, and so on. Most improvements during the optimization procedure are made within a small part of the total computation time. To relieve the heavy computational burden, it is necessary to balance the calculation accuracy and computation cost. The traditional termination criteria based on the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions cannot appropriately meet this requirement. Convergence depth control (CDC) strategy for Reduced Hessian Successive Quadratic Programming (RSQP) was presented as an alternative measure in a previous study. This work incorporates interior point methods with the modified CDC strategy, which was tested through AMPL interface and Aspen Open Solvers interface. Related properties are proved. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Constant number Monte Carlo simulation of population balances with multiple growth mechanisms
Authors: Khalili Samira , Lin Yulan , Armaou Antonios , Matsoukas Themis 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present a complete simulation scheme for particulate processes based on the constant number Monte Carlo methodology. Specifically, the proposed scheme can be applied towards the solution of population balances that include nucleation, coagulation and surface deposition, coupled to chemical reactions. The synthesis of titania (TiO2) by flame oxidation of TiCl4 is employed as a comparison basis of the relative advantages and weaknesses of Monte Carlo against more classical numerical approaches. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Ceria in catalysis: From automotive applications to the water–gas shift reaction
Authors: Gorte Raymond J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCeria is a crucial component of automotive catalysts, where its ability to be reduced and re‐oxidized provides oxygen storage capacity. Because of these redox properties, ceria can greatly enhance catalytic activities for a number of important reactions when it is used as a support for transition metals. For reactions that use steam as an oxidant (e.g., the water–gas‐shift reaction and steam reforming of hydrocarbons), rates for ceria‐supported metals can be several orders of magnitude higher than that for ceria or the transition metal alone. Because the redox properties of ceria are strongly dependent on treatment history and the presence of additives, there are significant opportunities for modifying catalysts based on ceria to further improve their performance. This article will review some of the contributions from my laboratory on understanding and using ceria in these applications. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
A method for computing the partial derivatives of experimental data
Authors: Yeow Y. Leong , Isac Jordan , Khalid Fathullah A. , Leong Yee‐Kwong , Lubansky A. S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article describes a procedure for obtaining the partial derivatives of experimental data that depend on two independent variables. The starting equation is an ill‐posed integral equation of the first kind. Tikhonov regularization is used to keep noise amplification under control. Implementation of the computation steps is described and the performance of the procedure is demonstrated by four practical examples. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Role of operating conditions in determining droplet size and viscosity of tackifier emulsions formed via phase inversion
Authors: Song Daoyun , Zhang Wu , Gupta Rakesh K. , Melby Earl G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWater‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives are formulated by combining a polymer latex with a tackifier emulsion. The latter is an oil‐in‐water emulsion made by the process of phase inversion. The phase inversion itself is carried out in a stirred tank fitted with a heating jacket by progressively adding water to a water‐in‐oil emulsion. The point of onset of phase inversion and the characteristics of the emulsion that is formed depend on process conditions; these include temperature, rate of water addition, and agitation speed. The role of these operating conditions is elucidated here. Increasing temperature delayed the onset of phase inversion slightly, but it did not affect emulsion particle size, provided it remained below a critical value. Agitation speed had to be increased upon increasing the water flow rate to prevent increasing the particle size. Finally, the point of onset of phase inversion could be predicted reasonably well using a model available in the literature. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 96–106, 2011
Decomposition kinetics and recycle of binary hydrogen‐tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroki , Ota Masaki , Sato Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Masaru , Inomata Hiroshi , Smith Richard L. , Peters Cor J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDecomposition kinetics and recycle of hydrogen–tetrahydrofuran (H2–THF) clathrate hydrates were investigated with a pressure decay method at temperatures from 265.1 to 273.2 K, at initial pressures from 3.1 to 8.0 MPa, and at stoichiometric THF hydrate concentrations for particle sizes between 250 and 1000 μm. The decomposition was modeled as a two‐step process consisting of H2 diffusion in the hydrate phase and desorption from the hydrate cage. The adsorption process occurred at roughly two to three times faster than the desorption process, whereas the diffusion process during formation was slightly higher (ca. 20%) than that during decomposition. Successive formation and decomposition cycles showed that occupancy seemed to decrease only slightly with cycling and that there were no large changes in hydrate structure due to cycling. Results provide evidence that the formation and decomposition of H2 clathrate hydrates occur reversibly and that H2 clathrate hydrates can be recycled with pressure. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Architectonic Subdivisions of Neocortex in the Galago (Otolemur garnetti)
Authors: Wong Peiyan , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn the present study, galago brains were sectioned in the coronal, sagittal, or horizontal planes, and sections were processed with several different histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures to reveal the architectonic characteristics of the various cortical areas. The histochemical methods used included the traditional Nissl, cytochrome oxidase, and myelin stains, as well as a zinc stain, which reveals free ionic zinc in the axon terminals of neurons. Immunohistochemical methods include parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB), both calcium‐binding proteins, and the vesicle glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2). These different procedures revealed similar boundaries between areas, which suggests that functionally relevant borders were being detected. These results allowed a more precise demarcation of previously identified areas. As thalamocortical terminations lack free ionic zinc, primary cortical areas were most clearly revealed by the zinc stain, because of the poor zinc staining of layer 4. Area 17 was especially prominent, as the broad layer 4 was nearly free of zinc stain. However, this feature was less pronounced in the primary auditory and somatosensory cortex. As VGluT2 is expressed in thalamocortical terminations, layer 4 of primary sensory areas was darkly stained for VGluT2. Primary motor cortex had reduced VGluT2 staining, and increased zinc‐enriched terminations in the poorly developed granular layer 4 compared to the adjacent primary somatosensory area. The middle temporal visual (MT) showed increased PV and VGluT2 staining compared to the surrounding cortical areas. The resulting architectonic maps of cortical areas in galagos can usefully guide future studies of cortical organizations and functions. Anat Rec, 2010.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical Studies of Adhesion Molecules on Mouse UNK Cells and Their Extracellular Matrix Ligands During Mouse Pregnancy
Authors: Zavan Bruno , Paffaro Andréa Mollica Amarante , Joazeiro Paulo Pinto , Yamada Áureo Tatsumi , Paffaro Valdemar Antonio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUterine natural killer (uNK) cells are the dominant lymphocytes of pregnant mammals' uterus. Studies have identified four differentiation stage of mouse uNK cells based on Dolichos biflorus lectin cytochemistry, and their distribution showed preferential domain in the uterus through out the pregnancy. This work was done to investigate the expression of α5, α6, and β7 integrins on uNK cells and their ligands distribution. Section of mouse uterus from sixth to seventeenth gestational days were submitted to immunocytochemistry and positive reactions for α5, α6, and β7 integrins were found on uNK from eighth to tenth gestational days but not after twelfth gestational days. Fibronectin reactions were seemed from sixth to tenth gestational days around uNK from the myometrium and endometrium close to the myometrium. No reaction for fibronectin was seen in the decidualized and nondecidualized endometrium near the placenta. Laminin reaction was seen just in the antimesometrial side. β7 integrin seems to be the active receptor to bind with VCAM‐1 or MAdCAM‐1 of endothelial cells, promoting the uNK cross through the vessels. The absence of laminin in an uNK domain suggests these cells are not dependent of laminin and α6 integrin for their establishment. However, fibronectin seems to support uNK migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival in the uterus by binding with α5 integrin. The loss of α5 integrin ligation by the down regulation of fibronectin could inhibits these events and further studies are need to investigate whether unligated α5 can actively and initiate apoptosis, maybe in a caspase 8‐dependent way that has been called integrin‐mediated death. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of oleocanthal and its derivatives on inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in a murine chondrocyte cell line
Authors: Iacono Anna , Gómez Rodolfo , Sperry Jeffrey , Conde Javier , Bianco Giuseppe , Meli Rosaria , Gómez‐Reino Juan J. , Smith Amos B. , Gualillo Oreste 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveIn joint diseases, cartilage homeostasis is disrupted by mechanisms that are driven by combinations of biologic factors that vary according to the disease process. In osteoarthritis (OA), biomechanical stimuli predominate, with up‐regulation of both catabolic and anabolic factors. Likewise, OA progression is characterized by increased nitric oxide (NO) production, which has been associated with cartilage degradation. Given the relevance of cartilage degenerative diseases in our society, the development of a novel pharmacologic intervention is a critically important public health goal. Recently, oleocanthal isolated from extra virgin olive oil was found to display nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug activity similar to that of ibuprofen, a drug widely used in the therapeutic management of joint inflammatory diseases. We undertook this study to evaluate the effect of oleocanthal and its derivatives on the modulation of NO production in chondrocytes.MethodsCultured ATDC‐5 chondrocytes were tested with different doses of oleocanthal and its derivatives. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Nitrite accumulation was determined in culture supernatant using the Griess reaction. Inducible NO synthase (NOS2) protein expression was examined using Western blotting analysis.ResultsOleocanthal and its derivatives decreased lipopolysaccharide‐induced NOS2 synthesis in chondrocytes without significantly affecting cell viability at lower concentrations. Among the derivatives we examined, derivative 231 was the most interesting, since its inhibitory effect on NOS2 was devoid of cytotoxicity even at higher concentrations.ConclusionThis class of molecules shows potential as a therapeutic weapon for the treatment of inflammatory degenerative joint diseases.
Autocitrullination of human peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 regulates protein citrullination during cell activation
Authors: Andrade Felipe , Darrah Erika , Gucek Marjan , Cole Robert N. , Rosen Antony , Zhu Xiaoming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo address mechanisms that control the activity of human peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD‐4).MethodsPAD‐4 autocitrullination was determined by anti–modified citrulline immunoblotting, using purified recombinant and endogenous PAD‐4 from activated human primary neutrophils and cell lines expressing PAD‐4. The citrullination sites in PAD‐4 were determined by mass spectrometry. Mechanisms of autocitrullination‐induced inactivation and the functional consequences of autocitrullination in PAD‐4 polymorphic variants were addressed using purified components and cell lines expressing PAD‐4 wild‐type, PAD‐4 mutant, and PAD‐4 polymorphic variants relevant to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ResultsPAD‐4 is autocitrullinated in vitro and during activation of primary cells and cell lines expressing PAD‐4. Interestingly, this modification inactivated the function of the enzyme. The efficiency of inactivation differed among genetically defined PAD‐4 variants relevant to RA. PAD‐4 was citrullinated at 10 sites, which are clustered into 3 distinct regions, including a cluster of arginines around the active site cleft where Arg‐372 and ‐374 were identified as the potential autocitrullination targets that inactivate the enzyme. Autocitrullination also modified the structure of PAD‐4, abrogating its recognition by multiple rabbit antibodies, but augmenting its recognition by human anti–PAD‐4 autoantibodies.ConclusionOur findings suggest that autocitrullination regulates the production of citrullinated proteins during cell activation, and that this is affected by structural polymorphisms in PAD‐4. Autocitrullination also influences PAD‐4 structure and immune response.
Indagator: Investigating perceived gratifications of an application that blends mobile content sharing with gameplay
Authors: Lee Chei Sian , Goh Dion Hoe‐Lian , Chua Alton Y. K. , Ang Rebecca P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe confluence of mobile content sharing and pervasive gaming yields new opportunities for developing novel applications on mobile devices. Yet, studies on users' attitudes and behaviors related to mobile gaming, content‐sharing, and retrieval activities (referred to simply as content sharing and gaming) have been lacking. For this reason, the objectives of this article are three‐fold. One, it introduces Indagator, an application that incorporates multiplayer, pervasive gaming elements into mobile content‐sharing activities. Two, it seeks to uncover the motivations for content sharing within a game‐based environment. Three, it aims to identify types of users who are motivated to use Indagator for content sharing. Informed by the uses and gratifications paradigm, a survey was designed and administered to 203 undergraduate and graduate students from two large universities. The findings revealed that perceived gratification factors, such as information discovery, entertainment, information quality, socialization, and relationship maintenance, demographic variables, such as basic familiarity with features of mobile communication devices, and IT‐related backgrounds were significant in predicting intention to use mobile sharing and gaming applications such as Indagator. However, age, gender, and the personal status gratification factor were nonsignificant predictors. This article concludes by presenting the implications, limitations, and future research directions.