bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism, cannabis and childhood sexual abuse on phenotype of bipolar disorder: A preliminary study
Authors: De Pradier M. , Gorwood P. , Beaufils B. , Adès J. , Dubertret C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe gene coding for the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) is considered as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder, either as a “vulnerability” or as a “modifying the phenotype” gene. Psychotic symptoms occur at least once in one bipolar patient out of two, the relevant risk factors being insufficiently understood. The gene × environment interaction approach offers the opportunity to disentangle the latter, including childhood sexual abuse and cannabis abuse.MethodsWe investigated the 5-HTTLPR of the 5-HTT gene (G) and the presence of childhood sexual abuse and cannabis comorbidity (E) in 137 bipolar patients with (versus without) lifetime psychotic symptoms.ResultsThe short allele and cannabis abuse were significantly more frequent among patients with psychotic symptoms than in those without (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively), while childhood sexual abuse was not. Complex interactions were found between presence of the short allele, cannabis abuse or dependence and childhood sexual abuse.ConclusionsThe short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the 5-HTT gene was a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder in the present sample, directly but also indirectly, through the presence of cannabis abuse or dependence, as an exacerbating factor heightening psychotic symptoms.
In search of optimal lithium levels and olanzapine doses in the long-term treatment of bipolar I disorder. A post-hoc analysis of the maintenance study by Tohen et al. 2005
Authors: Severus W.E. , Lipkovich I.A. , Licht R.W. , Young A.H. , Greil W. , Ketter T. , Deberdt W. , Tohen M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate whether lower lithium levels (LoLi) or olanzapine doses (LoOL) are risk factors for future mood episodes in patients with bipolar I disorder.MethodsA post-hoc analysis of the olanzapine-lithium-maintenance study [31] was performed using proportional hazards Cox regression models and marginal structural models (MSMs), adjusting for non-random assignments of dose during treatment.ResultsThe LoLi group (< 0.6 mmol/L) had a significantly increased risk of manic/mixed (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.96, p = 0.042), but not depressive (HR = 2.11, p = 0.272) episodes, compared to the combined medium (0.6–0.79 mmol/L) and high lithium level (≥ 0.8 mmol/L) groups. There was no significant difference in risk between the two higher lithium level groups (0.6-0.79 mmol/L; ≥ 0.8 mmol/L) for new manic/mixed (HR = 0.96, p = 0.893) or depressive (HR = 0.95, p = 0.922) episodes. The LoOL group (< 10 mg/day) showed a significantly increased risk of depressive (HR = 2.24, p = 0.025) episodes compared to the higher olanzapine (HiOL) dose group (HiOL: 10–20 mg/day), while there was no statistically significant difference in risk for manic/mixed episodes between the two groups (HR = 0.94, p = 0.895).ConclusionLithium levels ≥ 0.6 mmol/L and olanzapine doses ≥ 10 mg/day may be necessary for optimal protection against manic/mixed or depressive episodes, respectively in patients with bipolar I disorder.
Twenty‐five years after the FIGO guidelines for the use of fetal monitoring: Time for a simplified approach?
Authors: Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo , Bernardes João 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwenty‐five years after the FIGO Workshop that produced the “Guidelines for the use of fetal monitoring,” these remain the only broad international consensus effort in this field. Documents of a similar nature have been produced by national institutions, with subsequent updates of the initial concepts. The 3‐class classification system has now been adopted by all the major guidelines, and while there are numerous similar features, and indeed many ideas were inspired by the FIGO guidelines, many key aspects still lack consensus. Making guidelines simpler and more objective may be an important step to guarantee a wide application and assimilation of the recommendations, as well as an enhanced reproducibility and increased memory retention.
Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Yurko‐Mauro Karin , McCarthy Deanna , Rom Dror , Nelson Edward B. , Ryan Alan S. , Blackwell Andrew , Salem Norman , Stedman Mary ,   MIDAS Investigators
Published: May 2010

BackgroundDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role in neural function. Decreases in plasma DHA are associated with cognitive decline in healthy elderly adults and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Higher DHA intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer's disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in age‐related cognitive decline (ARCD) have not been fully examined.ObjectiveDetermine effects of DHA administration on improving cognitive functions in healthy older adults with ARCD.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical study was conducted at 19 U.S. clinical sites. A total of 485 healthy subjects, aged ≥55 with Mini‐Mental State Examination >26 and a Logical Memory (Wechsler Memory Scale III) baseline score ≥1 standard deviation below younger adults, were randomly assigned to 900 mg/d of DHA orally or matching placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the CANTAB Paired Associate Learning (PAL), a visuospatial learning and episodic memory test.ResultsIntention‐to‐treat analysis demonstrated significantly fewer PAL six pattern errors with DHA versus placebo at 24 weeks (difference score, −1.63 ± 0.76 [−3.1, −0.14, 95% CI], P = .03). DHA supplementation was also associated with improved immediate and delayed Verbal Recognition Memory scores (P < .02), but not working memory or executive function tests. Plasma DHA levels doubled and correlated with improved PAL scores (P < .02) in the DHA group. DHA was well tolerated with no reported treatment‐related serious adverse events.ConclusionsTwenty‐four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in ARCD and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT0027813.
Oral candidiasis in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Deng Zeyi , Kiyuna Asanori , Hasegawa Masahiro , Nakasone Isamu , Hosokawa Atsushi , Suzuki Mikio 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVETo investigate oral candidiasis in patients with head and neck cancer before, during, and after radiation therapy, and to explore its association with clinical oropharyngeal symptoms.STUDY DESIGNA cohort study.SETTINGUniversity hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSubjects who received radiation therapy (RT) for the treatment of head and neck cancer were divided into two groups: an oral cavity irradiated group (OIRR group, n = 29) and an oral cavity nonirradiated group (ONIRR group, n = 17). A control group consisted of 18 healthy subjects. Patients were examined for signs of oral candidiasis before, during, immediately after, and one month after RT. Mouth and throat soreness (MTS), dysphagia, and xerostomia were evaluated by self‐reported questionnaires, and associations between oral candidiasis and these symptoms were analyzed.RESULTSThe incidence of oral candidiasis during RT was significantly higher in the OIRR group (55.2%) than in the ONIRR group (11.8%). Similarly, the occurrence of xerostomia during RT was significantly higher in the OIRR group (86.2%) than in the ONIRR group (52.9%). In the OIRR group, the mean MTS score at the 20th fraction of RT was significantly higher in patients with candidiasis (mean ± SD, 5.8 ± 2.1) than in those with RT‐induced mucositis without candidiasis (3.7 ± 2.0). In the OIRR group, 65.2 percent of patients who experienced dysphagia developed oral candidiasis, compared with only 10 percent in the ONIRR group.CONCLUSIONOral candidiasis concurrent with oral mucositis due to RT may increase oropharyngeal discomfort during RT.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Associations of television viewing, physical activity and dietary behaviours with obesity in aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadian youth
Authors: Ng Carmina , Young T Kue , Corey Paul N 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine associations of diet, physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with obesity among aboriginal and non-aboriginal youth in conjunction with socio-economic variables.DesignCross-sectional study of differences between aboriginal and non-aboriginal groups and associations between lifestyle and socio-economic factors with obesity were examined.SettingPopulation data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2·2 conducted in 2004 in the ten provinces of Canada.SubjectsA total of 198 aboriginal and 4448 non-aboriginal Canadian youth aged 12–17 years.ResultsCompared to non-aboriginal youth, physical activity participation among aboriginal youth was higher, but consumption of vegetables and dairy products was lower, and more aboriginal youth were ‘high’ TV watchers. Low income adequacy was associated with decreased odds for obesity among aboriginal youth in contrast to higher odds among non-aboriginal youth. Non-aboriginal ‘high’ TV watchers consumed more soft drinks and non-whole-grain products than did ‘low’ TV watchers. Physical activity participation did not differ between ‘high’ and ‘low’ TV watchers for both groups, and was associated with lowered odds for obesity only among aboriginal youth.ConclusionsSociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity differ between aboriginal and non-aboriginal youth. These findings may be useful for guiding intervention efforts.
The Genetics, Transcriptional Profiles, and Catalytic Properties of UDP-α-d-Xylose 4-Epimerases from Barley
Authors: Zhang Qisen , Shirley Neil J. , Burton Rachel A. , Lahnstein Jelle , Hrmova Maria , Fincher Geoffrey B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Cell walls in the grasses contain relatively high levels of heteroxylans and, in particular, arabinoxylans. Enzymes and corresponding genes that are involved in the provision of sugar nucleotide substrates represent potential control points for arabinoxylan biosynthesis. Following expressed sequence tag database analyses, three genes encoding barley (Hordeum vulgare) UDP-d-xylose 4-epimerases (UXE; EC 5.1.3.5), designated HvUXE1, HvUXE2, and HvUXE3, were cloned and their positions on genetic maps defined. To confirm the identity of the genes, a cDNA construct encoding HvUXE1 was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The purified, recombinant HvUXE1 catalyzed the freely reversible interconversion of UDP-α-d-xylopyranose and UDP-β -l-arabinopyranose, with K m values of 1.8 and 1.4 mm, respectively. At equilibrium, the ratio of substrate to product was approximately 1:1. Each molecule of heterologously expressed HvUXE1 enzyme contained about one molecule of noncovalently bound NAD+. Molecular modeling provided a structural rationale for the substrate specificity of the UDP-d-xylose 4-epimerase and, in particular, explained its tight specificity for UDP-xylose compared with other sugar nucleotide epimerases. Quantitative transcript analyses performed for each of the three genes in a range of organs showed, inter alia, that in developing barley endosperm HvUXE1 and HvUXE3 mRNA levels peaked at a time when UDP-α-d-xylopyranose synthase (UXS) transcripts also reached a maximum and when arabinoxylan biosynthesis was initiated. Furthermore, the data revealed that the transcription of HvUXE and HvUXS gene family members is coordinated with the incorporation of pentose sugars onto cell walls in barley leaves, roots, and developing endosperm.
Cucumber Mosaic VirusMovement Protein Severs Actin Filaments to Increase the Plasmodesmal Size Exclusion Limit in Tobacco
Authors: Su Shengzhong , Liu Zhaohui , Chen Cheng , Zhang Yan , Wang Xu , Zhu Lei , Miao Long , Wang Xue-Chen , Yuan Ming 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPlant viral movement proteins (MPs) enable viruses to pass through cell walls by increasing the size exclusion limit (SEL) of plasmodesmata (PD). Here, we report that the ability of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) MP to increase the SEL of the PD could be inhibited by treatment with the actin filament (F-actin)–stabilizing agent phalloidin but not by treatment with the F-actin–destabilizing agent latrunculin A. In vitro studies showed that CMV MP bound globular and F-actin, inhibited actin polymerization, severed F-actin, and participated in plus end capping of F-actin. Analyses of two CMV MP mutants, one with and one without F-actin severing activities, demonstrated that the F-actin severing ability was required to increase the PD SEL. Furthermore, the Tobacco mosaic virus MP also exhibited F-actin severing activity, and its ability to increase the PD SEL was inhibited by treatment with phalloidin. Our data provide evidence to support the hypothesis that F-actin severing is required for MP-induced increase in the SEL of PD. This may have broad implications in the study of the mechanisms of actin dynamics that regulate cell-to-cell transport of viral and endogenous proteins.
Jasmonate and Phytochrome A Signaling inArabidopsisWound and Shade Responses Are Integrated through JAZ1 Stability
Authors: Robson Frances , Okamoto Haruko , Patrick Elaine , Harris Sue-Ré , Wasternack Claus , Brearley Charles , Turner John G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractJasmonate (JA) activates plant defense, promotes pollen maturation, and suppresses plant growth. An emerging theme in JA biology is its involvement in light responses; here, we examine the interdependence of the JA- and light-signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that mutants deficient in JA biosynthesis and signaling are deficient in a subset of high irradiance responses in far-red (FR) light. These mutants display exaggerated shade responses to low, but not high, R/FR ratio light, suggesting a role for JA in phytochrome A (phyA) signaling. Additionally, we demonstrate that the FR light–induced expression of transcription factor genes is dependent on CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1), a central component of JA signaling, and is suppressed by JA. phyA mutants had reduced JA-regulated growth inhibition and VSP expression and increased content of cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid, an intermediate in JA biosynthesis. Significantly, COI1-mediated degradation of JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN1-β-glucuronidase (JAZ1-GUS) in response to mechanical wounding and JA treatment required phyA, and ectopic expression of JAZ1-GUS resulted in exaggerated shade responses. Together, these results indicate that JA and phyA signaling are integrated through degradation of the JAZ1 protein, and both are required for plant responses to light and stress.
TCP1 Modulates Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis by Regulating the Expression of the Key Biosynthetic GeneDWARF4inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Guo Zhongxin , Fujioka Shozo , Blancaflor Elison B. , Miao Sen , Gou Xiaoping , Li Jia 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs) are essential phytohormones regulating normal plant growth and development. TCP1, a gene thought to be involved in floral organ symmetric control, was identified as a genetic suppressor of a weak BR receptor mutant, bri1-5, in an activation-tagging genetic screen. TCP1 encodes a putative transcription factor possessing a basic helix-loop-helix domain. The dominant allele of TCP1, tcp1-1D, suppresses the defective phenotypes of bri1-5. Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of TCP1, TCP1-SRDX, with a 12–amino acid repressor sequence fused to TCP1 at its C terminus, results in dwarfed plants resembling BR-deficient or insensitive mutants. The defective phenotypes can be rescued by exogenously applied brassinolide but cannot be recovered by auxins, gibberellins, or cytokinins. BR profile assay (quantitative analysis of BR biosynthetic intermediates) strongly suggests that TCP1 expression level positively coordinates with the function of DWARF4 (DWF4), a key enzyme in BR biosynthesis. Real-time RT-PCR analysis further demonstrated that TCP1 regulates the transcription levels of DWF4, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that TCP1 indeed interacts with the DWF4 promoter. Confocal microscopy indicated that TCP1 is mainly confined to the nucleus. The expression of TCP1 appears to be regulated by BR levels. These studies demonstrate another level of regulation through which BRs mediate plant growth and development.
Translocation ofMagnaporthe oryzaeEffectors into Rice Cells and Their Subsequent Cell-to-Cell Movement
Authors: Khang Chang Hyun , Berruyer Romain , Giraldo Martha C. , Kankanala Prasanna , Park Sook-Young , Czymmek Kirk , Kang Seogchan , Valent Barbara 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKnowledge remains limited about how fungal pathogens that colonize living plant cells translocate effector proteins inside host cells to regulate cellular processes and neutralize defense responses. To cause the globally important rice blast disease, specialized invasive hyphae (IH) invade successive living rice (Oryza sativa) cells while enclosed in host-derived extrainvasive hyphal membrane. Using live-cell imaging, we identified a highly localized structure, the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which accumulates fluorescently labeled effectors secreted by IH. In each newly entered rice cell, effectors were first secreted into BICs at the tips of the initially filamentous hyphae in the cell. These tip BICs were left behind beside the first-differentiated bulbous IH cells as the fungus continued to colonize the host cell. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that the effector protein PWL2 (for prevents pathogenicity toward weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula]) continued to accumulate in BICs after IH were growing elsewhere. PWL2 and BAS1 (for biotrophy-associated secreted protein 1), BIC-localized secreted proteins, were translocated into the rice cytoplasm. By contrast, BAS4, which uniformly outlines the IH, was not translocated into the host cytoplasm. Fluorescent PWL2 and BAS1 proteins that reached the rice cytoplasm moved into uninvaded neighbors, presumably preparing host cells before invasion. We report robust assays for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underpin effector secretion into BICs, translocation to the rice cytoplasm, and cell-to-cell movement in rice.
Endocytic and Secretory Traffic in Arabidopsis Merge in the Trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome, an Independent and Highly Dynamic Organelle
Authors: Viotti Corrado , Bubeck Julia , Stierhof York-Dieter , Krebs Melanie , Langhans Markus , van den Berg Willy , van Dongen Walter , Richter Sandra , Geldner Niko , Takano Junpei , Jürgens Gerd , de Vries Sacco C. , Robinson David G. , Schumacher Karin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Plants constantly adjust their repertoire of plasma membrane proteins that mediates transduction of environmental and developmental signals as well as transport of ions, nutrients, and hormones. The importance of regulated secretory and endocytic trafficking is becoming increasingly clear; however, our knowledge of the compartments and molecular machinery involved is still fragmentary. We used immunogold electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to trace the route of cargo molecules, including the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 receptor and the REQUIRES HIGH BORON1 boron exporter, throughout the plant endomembrane system. Our results provide evidence that both endocytic and secretory cargo pass through the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and demonstrate that cargo in late endosomes/multivesicular bodies is destined for vacuolar degradation. Moreover, using spinning disc microscopy, we show that TGN/EEs move independently and are only transiently associated with an individual Golgi stack.
Experimental study of water hydraulics application in aviation
Authors: Chua Patrick S.K. , Tan F.L. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report an experimental study on the effects of various parameters, such as varying flow velocities of water in the pipe, insulating the water pipe, and heating the pipe, to prevent pressurized water in a water hydraulic system from freezing under sub‐zero ambient temperature environment.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental test rig was designed, fabricated, and set up to conduct several experiments to investigate the time taken for water to freeze under sub‐zero ambient temperature at −20°C and with the water initially at a higher temperature than the ambient.FindingsThe experiments show that it would take about 90 min for water in the pipe to freeze completely when there is no flow, or water is flowing at slow speed, in the pipe. The results also show that the use of insulation on the pipe would delay the freezing of water inside the pipe; and if used together with heating at several locations on the pipe, freezing of water inside the pipe could be prevented completely.Originality/valueThis paper usefully shows that insulation and heating in a water hydraulic system can prevent freezing of water in the pipe. The promising results of the experimental work mean that water might be able to replace oil in hydraulic systems on aircraft and other low‐temperature applications.
Boundary layer effects on a wing in ground‐effect
Authors: Marshall D.W. , Newman S.J. , Williams C.B. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect a variety of different boundary layers have on a wing in ground‐effect.Design/methodology/approachExperiments were carried out in the University of Southampton's 3′×2′ wind tunnel. A variable length splitter plate was designed and manufactured in order to generate four boundary‐layer thicknesses at a selected measurement position. A single element inverted GA(W)‐1 aerofoil was then introduced to the flow at varying heights above the plate. Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and surface static pressure measurements (both on the aerofoil surface and on the splitter plate) were recorded.FindingsThe flow beneath the wing is found to be affected considerably by the presence of the boundary layer. As the boundary‐layer thickness is increased, the under‐wing pressure is observed to increase, hence resulting in decreased suction. Further, the LDA results indicate a modification to the wake profile. In particular, at low wing heights, the wake is observed to become entrained in the boundary layer, to differing degrees dependant on the boundary layer present and the wing height.Research limitations/implicationsThe acquisition of force values from the tests will have allowed further understanding of the “real world” implications of the presence of the boundary‐layer thicknesses on a wing in ground‐effect but this is not possible in the test facility used.Practical implicationsThe aerodynamics of a wing in ground‐effect are of great interest for both lifting surfaces for aircraft and downforce generation in motorsport applications. The implications of this paper enhance the importance of understanding the boundary conditions present when wind tunnel testing for these applications.Originality/valueAlthough the influence of the boundary layer on low ground clearance objects has been well documented, the methods used here, in particular the use of the pressure tapped splitter plate and LDA, allow a further insight into the explanations behind this influence.