bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological interventions to fight against the burden of the informal caregivers
Authors: Carretero S. , Garcés J. 
Published: May 2011

Informal care has been conceptualized as a vital stress factor, which jointly with its chronic character and the lack of foresight about the time of its finalization, has been associated to the negative repercussions on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the informal caregiver. This situation has been generically denominated with the overall term of caregiver burden. Burden is associated with depression and anxiety as well as with abandonment and mistreatment of the dependent person. Optimal psychosocial interventions to be assumed by European Governments in their long - term care systems are still needed to be developed to fight succesfully against this burden.The objective is to review the main psychological and social programmes developed to deal with the informal caregivers burden, with the aim to propose the more appropiate programmes to be adopted by the European long-term care systems.A review of the main theories and results of the existing research to date about the concept of the informal caregiver's burden has been done mainly in policy papers, peer-reviewed journals and research developed by the authors.The results lead to conclude that the psycho-educational intervention programs framed within the respite services jointly with the knowledge of the determining variables of the burden can comprise the first optimal approach in order to effectively deal with the burden problem of the informal caregivers of dependent senior citizens.
Threads, objects and the tapestry of the mind
Authors: Arun C.P. 
Published: May 2011

The brain is essentially a multiprocessor computer employing large-scale multithreading. Extending previous work, (Arun, C.P. European Psychiatry 2009 and 2010) we examine whether process threads and objects can simulate diverse mental illnesses. We used Java 6, an object oriented programming language to simulate thread and object generation in the mind. Process threads were programmed to allow control of(1)the clock speed’ of the brain's internal clock(2)duration of thread life and efficiency of garbage collection’(3)integrity of internal objects and(4)assignment of salience.A few examples of the results are mentioned here. A fast clock speed led to the rapid generation of threads causing a rapid switch from one task/topic, manifesting among others, as a shortened attention span and flight of ideas (mania). Slow thread formation led to psychomotor agitation as well as a slow rate of speech output (depression). Failure to reign in (’garbage collect’) threads caused them to persist and led to many short and recurrent thoughts/actions (as in anxiety). Disordered weighting of threads and/or damage to objects led to the assignment of salience inappropriately (the hallmark of the psychoses). The failure to generate enough threads (’ loss of multithreading’) led to problems with complex tasks (like ability to recognise facial cues) and recurrent thread generation without variety, led to repetitive behaviour, hyperstimulation, etc (autism spectrum disorders). Studying Threads and Objects as integral parts of the computational Tapestry of the Mind provides rich insights into mental functions in health as well as illness.
Acute psychosis: are men and women different?
Authors: Groleger U. 
Published: May 2011

According to valid classification systems no difference is aknowledged considering gender in acute psycosis, which is true for all other disorders in psychiatry as well. However several studies suggest that differences in clinical presentation of psychosis do exist in men and women in different areas of symptomatology, function, help-seeking behavior, DUP, teatment and course as well as outcome. The diffreneces seem to be important for both recognition of psychosis as well as treatment.We are conducting a prospective study evaluating all patients with first episode acute psychosis that is currently at its second stage with revised instruments. At first stage we included 98 patients with acute psychosis and evaluated them using PANSS, CGI and GAS along with all other relevant information including therapy.We will present both first and partial second stage information on differences in symtpoms in acute psychosis according to gender. Results show that with men negative symtpoms along with function decline and neglect are significantly more prominent. In women positive and mood symtpoms are predominant with preserved function and self-care.Results are in concordance with other published studies and suggest that clincal presentations of acute psychosis might differ significantly to the point where these differences should be included in evaluating psychosis, the need for treatment and treatment choice as well.Implications for future studies and clinical work will be proposed.
Pulmonary embolism as a potential side effect of olanzapine and the possible beneficiary side effect of duloxetine: A case study
Authors: Andrioti O. , Nikolaidis N. , Ntonias S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPulmonary embolism is a very serious, life threatening condition. It has been associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs, both typical and atypical, thus consisting a rare but potentially lethal side effect of this drug category. SSRIs/SNRIs on the other hand, are associated with bleeding, increased INR results and platelet dysfunction.Objective and methodA clinical case was followed and reviewed to illustrate the possible connection between the withdrawal of duloxetine and the ongoing use of olanzapine with pulmonary embolism.ResultsA 36-year- old male, smoker of 30 cigarettes/day had been under treatment with olanzapine 30 mg/day and aripiprazole 30 mg/day for the past year. Duloxetine 90 mg/day had also been added for the past nine months and withdrawn after the improvement of depressive symptoms. Approximately one month after its withdrawal the man suffered pulmonary embolism and was hospitalised. During hospitalisation tests found no other factors predisposing to emboli creation. He was discharged with acenocumarol (Sintrom). His psychiatric medication was therefore adjusted to omit olanzapine and SSRIs /SNRIs because of their potential effect on coagulation.ConclusionsCan it be that olanzapine played a role in promoting pulmonary embolism in this patient ?Can it be that duloxetine was playing a protective role and its withdrawal facilitated the onset of pulmonary embolism? There is no certain way to tell but, to our knowledge, there has not been a similar case before and the time sequence of the events might not be coincidental.
Quetiapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Freire Lucas R.M. 
Published: May 2011

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is the most serious of acute neurological side effects produced by antipsychotic medication, the prevalence of which varies from 0,4–1,4%. It is typically characterized by hyperthermia, rigidity, altered consciousness and autonomic dysfunction. NMS is induced less by atypical antipsychotics than by conventional antipsychotics, and one particular atypical antipsychotic - quetiapine - rarely causes NMS. In this work, we describe a case of quetiapine-induced NMS, while reviewing the recent literature on this condition.We searched for scientific articles about this topic on the databases MEDLINE, LILACS and PsycINFO, using the search words “neuroleptic malignant syndrome” and “quetiapine”. We chose to preferentially include original articles and recent reviews, or those considered classical articles in the scientific literature.
Psychiatric nurses’ attitudes to antipsychotic depot injections
Authors: Mnif L. , Masmoudi J. , Baâti I. , Hachicha C. , Charfi N. , Jaoua A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe use of conventional depots (CDs) continues to have a great importance in our psychiatric sectors due to the unavailability of atypical depot formulations.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to assess psychiatric nurses’ perspectives of CDs.MethodsForty nurses from our psychiatric department completed a questionnaire which included both open and multiple choice questions concerning the following topics:-CDs and improvement in adherence to treatment,-efficacy and tolerance of CDs,-interest and indications of CDs.Results*Psychiatric nurses (PNs) reported that CDs allowed avoidance of oblivion (83%) and regular intake of treatment (54%). But, several PNs believed that the injections of CDs were complex (67%) and the majority considered that CDs did not have positive impact on patient adherence (85%).*PNs thought that CDs :-were more effective (fewer relapses 56%) and better tolerated than oral formulations.-did not require more precautions (80%).-provided more security to the patient (no risk of toxicity 97%).*PNs reported lots of indications: lack of family support (75%), multiple relapses (72%), poor adherence (70%) and self or hetero-aggressive behavior at relapse (52%).They supported the advantages of CDs: improving social life (85%) and patient's autonomy (68%) and permitting remission (25%).ConclusionThe findings suggest that PNs have positive attitude towards efficacy and tolerance of CDs but negative ideas about their indications, which could be the cause of patient stigmatization. That's why providing a clear piece of information seems necessary.
Steroid-induced psychosis responsive to risperidone: report of one case
Authors: Milanlioglu A. , Gulec M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSteroids have been used effectively for many years to treat a wide variety of both acute and chronic medical conditions. Despite of some well known side effects, the association of psychiatric disturbances with the use of these drugs has not been well established and documented.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the case of a 46-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of optic neuritis that has psychotic symptoms appear to be induced by methylprednisolone.MethodsThe results will be discussed.ResultsPsychiatric symptoms emerged after the first dose of methylprednisolone and diagnosis of steroid-induced psychosis was made. After discontinuation of steroid therapy, psychiatric symptoms did not improve. But after four weeks of risperidone, he recovered completely. This case adds to small but progressive body of evidence supporting the incidence of steroid-induced psychiatric symptoms in patients with optic neuritis.ConclusionsWe suggest that the prevalence of this phenomenon might be considerably higher than has been reported in the current literature.
Antidepressant self-poisonings in iran
Authors: Naderi-Heiden A. , Shadnia S. , Salimi A.-R. , Naderi A. , Naderi M.M. , Schmid D. , Gleiss A. , Kasper S. , Frey R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionTricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are more likely to cause cardiovascular and neurological toxicity than compared to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs).ObjectivesIn a prospective hospital-based cohort study, we addressed the question of severity and outcome of antidepressant self-poisonings in patients who attended the Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center. The severity was judged by impairment of consciousness, the outcome criteria were the requirement of inpatient treatment and endotracheal intubation as well as mortality. The aim of the study was to find out if TCA intoxications require more therapeutic efforts than SSRI intoxications.MethodsFrom 28 March to 20 May 20 2006, all patients presented to the Poison Center were documented using preformatted forms by three trained nurses blinded to any study hypotheses. From 3.578 intoxications, a number of 334 patients with antidepressant or lithium self-poisoning was identified (9.3% of all poisoning cases; 233 females, 101 males; median age 24 years, min 13, max 70).ResultsAs compared to SSRI single-substance intoxications (n = 17), TCA single-substance intoxications (n = 73) were associated with (1) a significantly lower level of consciousness (p = 0.005); (2) a significantly higher admission frequency (80.8% vs. 35.3%; p < 0.001) and (3) a higher intubation frequency (13.7% vs. 0%; p = ns). SSRI multiple-substance intoxications were associated with a significantly lower level of consciousness than SSRI single-substance intoxications (p = 0.042), while there was no significant difference between TCA multiple- and single-substance intoxications.ConclusionsThis study suggests that an overdose with SSRIs results in a more favorable clinical outcome than an overdose with TCAs.
Weight decrease in patients switching from olanzapine to aripiprazole : a series of case reports
Authors: Saitis M. , Katsigiannopoulos K. , Tzouramanis P. , Papazisis G. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimCurrent data reveal that aripiprazole is associated with minimal weight gain. Patients who were stable and had gained excessive weight during olanzapine treatment were switched to aripiprazole. The objective was to evaluate the effect of this switch on body weight.MethodThe effective dosage of aripiprazole 15 mg/day was started while olanzapine 10 mg/day was gradually tapered and stopped.MaterialCase 1. M.A, a 49 -year old woman, had a history of bipolar disorder. She was treated with olanzapine and had gained 14 Kgr while taking aripiprazole, she had lost 9 kgr.Case 2. Ms B, a 34-year-old woman had a history of schizophrenia. She had been treated with olanzapine and gained 10 kgr. She took aripiprazole and lost 4 Kgr.Case 3. Mr C, a 45-year-old man, had a history of delusional disorder. He was treated with olanzapine and gained 12 kgr. He took aripiprazole and lost 5 KgrCase 4. Mr D, a 25-year-old man, had a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder. He was treated with olanzapine and gained 9 kgr, while taking aripiprazole, he had lost 8 KgrCase 5. Mr E, a 40-year-old woman, had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. She was treated with olanzapine and had gained 14 kgr, while taking aripiprazole, she had lost 6 KgrConclusionsThis study suggests that switching treatment to aripiprazole may be a useful strategy for patients who have gained excessive weight with olanzapine.
Risperidone and olanzapine in treatment of delusional disorders
Authors: Zivkovic N. , Bajovic B. , Djokic G. , Pavicevic D. , Nenadovic M. 
Published: May 2011

Delusional disorders are severe psychotic disorders with characteristic non-bizarre delusions often organized in permanent delusional system.AimTo estimate efficacy of risperidone and olanzapine in treatment of DD.Methods135 patients with DD were divided into Haloperidol-control (41), Risperidone (49) and Olanzapine group (45 patients). Patients were observed for 6 months according to protocol, which included PANSS Scale and CGI1-4 Scale. Control group was treated with haloperidol 5–30 mg/24 h. Experimental groups were treated with risperidone 2–6 mg/24 h and olanzapine 10–20 mg/24 h.ResultsPretrial PANSS score was 57.28 in risperidone(R), 60.47 in olanzapine(O) and 58.45 in control(H) group. PANSS score after 180 days was 34.32 in R, 35.58 in O and 37.97 in H group. There was no statistical difference in pretrial scores for PANSS (p = 0.691), CGI1 (p = 0.733), CGI2 (p = 1.000), and CGI3 (p = 1.000) scores. There was statistical significance in PANSS and CGI1-4 score reduction after 180 days in all groups (p = 0.000). There was no statistical difference in PANSS score reduction between R and H (p = 0.114) and O and H group (p = 0.136). CGI1-4 scores reduction: CGI1, Rvs.H, p = 0.019 and Ovs.H, p = 0.032 with high statistical significance; CGI2, Rvs.H, p = 0.153 and Ovs.H, p = 0.179 with no statistical significance; CGI3, Rvs.H, p = 0.183 and Ovs.H, p = 0.161 with no statistical significance; CGI4, Rvs.H, p = 0.000 and Ovs.H, p = 0.000 with high statistical significance. Adverse effects were significantly lower in Risperidone (21.42%) and Olanzapine (21.81%) than in Haloperidol (57.5%) group.ConclusionRisperidone and Olanzapine have slightly better efficacy in treatment of DD comparing to haloperidol, with statisticaly significant lower adverse effects rate.
Emotion regulation - a transdiagnostic approach
Authors: Endtner K. , Hänni M. , Tschacher W. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychotherapy research shows that problems in emotion regulation are at the core of many different psychiatric disorders. Greenberg and colleagues distinguish between two categories of emotion regulation problems: emotional under- and overregulation. Whereas the first category is associated with diminished impulse control, the second is constituted of difficulties in perceiving and expressing emotions.ObjectiveIs it possible to validate the clinical concept of emotional underregulation and overregulation?AimsPatients of a psychotherapy day clinic attended a specific group therapy program aimed at improving emotion regulation. The program included interventions to control impulses as well as interventions focussing on a more appropriate perception and expression of emotions.MethodsThe evaluation of the program was based on pre-post comparisons of standard questionnaires and on repeated assessments of therapy processes using session reports.ResultsResults of about 50 patients attending the group therapy program will be presented. Different clusters depending on a patient's position on the two emotion regulation dimensions were found. Each cluster represented a unique pattern of emotion regulation.DiscussionIt was possible to validate the clinical construct of emotional underregulation and overregulation. The results contribute to a transdiagnostic approach to emotion regulation.
Improving child and adolescent adherence to evidence-based mental health interventions
Authors: Gearing R. , Schwalbe C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe exponential growth of evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions offers clinicians a growing number of empirically-supported psychosocial treatments for youth mental disorders. These interventions are likely to be ineffective with clients who drop out of treatment prematurely or who fail to adhere to the required intervention protocols. However, despite the critical role of client adherence, systematic evidence about strategies to support client adherence is lacking.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this present study is to establish an empirical base for developing adjunctive adherence promoters to enhance client participation in psychosocial interventions.MethodsMental health child and adolescent intervention researchers who published RCT on three psychosocial interventions (CBT, IPT. Psycho-ed) were surveyed on type, use, and efficacy of intervention adherence promoters.ResultsInterventions included an average of 13.4 sessions (SD = 7.8) across 5 months. Most researchers reported using multiple adherence promoting interventions throughout their studies. On average, respondents reported using little more than one promoter per session and devoting approximately 12.4 minutes per session on all adherence promoters.ConclusionsResults of this study will assist practitioners and researchers in improving adherence to psychiatric interventions for children and adolescents. Specifically, study results fill gaps in the literature on active efforts to sustain and increase client adherence to treatment for childhood and adolescent mental health disorders. Findings of this study support best practices for adherence promotion and open new avenues for research into the tailoring of adherence to EBP interventions for child and adolescent mental health problems.
Inpatient schizophrenics compensation gain in remission, influenced by complex psychotherapy
Authors: Golenishenko A. , Kulikova O. 
Published: May 2011

Due to personality disorders recovery being paid much attention, we observe psychotherapy obtaining great importance in schizophrenics combination therapy. Successful adaptation to social functioning various conditions depends largely on psychological defence. An adequate reaction to disease and realistic attitude to treatment promote life upgrading.The objectives of the research is to define the effectiveness of psychotherapy in connection of adaptive mechanism of the psychological defence.The aims include the study of the correction possibilities of unadapted psychological mechanism with the help of psychotherapy.We examined 53 patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Used Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) to estimate patients clinical state, a test method TOBOL to diagnose attitude to disease. Psychological defence mechanisms were investigated by the help of enquirers FKBS, SBAKWe discovered that disease syntonic attitude increased noticeably (p < 0,05). Also we registered anxious, dysphoric and sensitive attitudes decrease (p < 0,041; p < 0,036; p < 0,05). There is a tendency to reduce anosognosic and anergic relationship towards disease (p < 0,053; p < 0,06).These data indicate patients intention to estimate realistically their condition without over- or under- statements. We observe less anxiety, suspicion and dismay concerning catadromes, complications, ineffective treatment and mental activity increase.After psychotherapy being applied, the maximum indices reduction was fixed in defence mechanisms such as: “against object”, “denial” (p < 0,05), “against the self’ appeal (p < 0,05), “social contacts avoidance” (p < 0,01). The symptoms investigation results prove that schizophrenics subjected to psychotherapy observe primitive defences tension decrease. All the validation, anxiety and self-aggression decrease.
Investigation the effect of musical themes and their presentation techniques (active and passive) on reducing anxiety
Authors: Fard R. Johari 
Published: May 2011

Theme therapy is a new technique to prescribe art works, special musical peaces, which during several researches, were found three therapeutic musical themes: Relaxation Themes (Cognitive Themes), Mood-Making Themes (Emotional Themes) and Somatization Themes (Body Themes) (Joharifard, 2009).In this investigation, were studied the effect of therapeutic musical themes and their presentation techniques (active and passive) on reducing anxiety.96 students, were chose randomly from 386 anxious students, assigned to 8 groups (6 experimental groups and 2 control groups), and each group was measured two times, before investigation (as pretest) and after investigation (as posttest) during 6 weeks.Data were calculated by description and deductive statistics, such as ANOVA and post-hoc tests. The findings suggested that, the relaxation theme with relaxation technique has been most effect on reducing anxiety. Also the effect of active presentation is more than the effect of passive music therapy on reducing anxiety.
A systemic view of treatment for patients with alcohol problems
Authors: Mihai A. , Meiler A. , Meiler C. 
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this presentation is to familiarize the attendants with a systemic view of treatment of patients with alcohol problems. The systemic approach takes account of relational and interactional issues which gives a new understanding of alcohol use as a symptom.There will be treated theoretical aspects of family transactions and constellations in alcoholic systems, showed how to investigate the systemic function of drinking and how to use this knowledge in therapy.This systemic view of treatment for patients with alcohol problems offer a new perspective and new resources in our therapeutically approach, for all psychiatrists, not only for those who practice systemic family therapy.