bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NATURAL ENEMIES AND INSECT ASSOCIATES OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE), IN SUGAR PINE
Authors: Dahlsten D. L. , Stephen F. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and 68 associated insect species were reared from infested sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana. Portions of three infested trees were sectioned by height and the insects emerging from each were identified and recorded. In one tree the number of woodpecker strikes also was noted. The tops of two of the three trees were infested by another bark beetle, Pityophthorus confertus, and from these same two trees the most common parasite obtained was Macromesus americanus.
THE PUNCTIGERA GROUP OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe punctigera group of the genus Euxoa is defined on the basis of genitalic characters. Species included in this group are Euxoa punctigera (Wlk.), E. spumata McD., E. stigmatalis (Sm.), E. aurantiaca n. sp., and E. cana n. sp. Adults and genitalia of the species are illustrated and a key to species is included.
A METHOD RECOMMENDED FOR EVALUATING RESIDUAL PESTICIDES FOR HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL
Authors: Batth Surat S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA procedure is described for evaluating commercial residual pesticides commonly used for house fly control. Blotting paper panels were treated with candidate products and aged up to 5 weeks. During aging, these panels were tested thrice at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after their treatment for efficacy based on mortality of female house flies exposed to them for 24 h in a cage. A product is reported satisfactory if the average percentage kill obtained is not less than 80, 60, and 50 at 1, 3, and 5 weeks aging respectively or within 5 percentage points less than these limits. A product meeting first and third week mortality limits is also considered acceptable.
THE LIFE HISTORIES OF THREE SPECIES OF LESTES (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Sawchyn W. W. , Gillott C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn Saskatchewan, Lestes unguiculatus Hagen, L. disjunctus disjunctus Walk., and L. dryas Kirby overwinter as eggs in a late stage of embryonic development. The embryos enter diapause in September and, in this condition, can survive exposure to temperatures as low as −20 °C. Under field conditions adequate snow cover is necessary to prevent egg mortality due to desiccation or exposure to air temperatures lower than −20 °C. Post-diapause development can take place at 0 °C but does not occur until the eggs are wetted as the pond fills with runoff water in the spring. Hatching in L. disjunctus and L. unguiculatus is highly synchronous and occurs when the water temperature is about 10 °C. Larval development is completed in about 60 days. Emergence is highly synchronous and is virtually complete within 10 days. Sexual maturation requires 16 to 18 days. Oviposition immediately follows copulation while the pair is still in tandem. Eggs are laid only in green stems of Scirpus L., between 5 and 60 cm above the water surface. The stems selected are those either growing in small groups or bordering larger stands. The significance of the observations is discussed in terms of the species’ ability to survive the climatic extremes of central Canada.
THE FUNGUS ENTOMOPHTHORA PHYTONOMI PATHOGENIC TO THE ALFALFA WEEVIL, HYPERA POSTICA
Authors: Harcourt D. G. , Guppy J. C. , MacLeod D. M. , Tyrrell D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEntomophthora phytonomi Arthur, a pathogen recognized for many years under the name Entomophthora sphaerosperma Fres. as an important natural control agent in populations of the clover leaf weevil, Hypera punctata (Gyll.), has now been identified from the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyll.). Both conidial and resting spore stages are described.Early in the summer of 1973, the fungus was responsible for an epizootic in populations of the alfalfa weevil throughout much of east-central Ontario. In three study plots, mortality levels in larvae and cocoons ranged from 65–90% and 42–53%, respectively. This suggests that the fungus is capable of playing a significant role in the dynamics of weevil populations.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FECUNDITY OF HYSSOPUS THYMUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Syme Paul D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe fecundity of Hyssopus thymus Girault females does not normally vary between generations within a single year, but differences frequently occur between years. A weighted mean annual fecundity of 14 eggs per female under laboratory conditions has been determined by pooling several years’ records, although the maximum number of eggs laid by a female was 130. A mean of 20 eggs per female was determined under quasinatural conditions. The weight of the host, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), limits the number of eggs laid per host during the early spring when shoot moth larvae are small. When the host larvae are larger, size is no longer a limiting factor in the number of eggs deposited per host. There is a preoviposition period of about 3 days and egg production is synovigenic. The number of fully developed eggs within a female at one time varies between about 7 and 12 eggs on a 3-day cycle, and never exceeds 16. Each female wasp attacks two or three large host larvae and this number is probably doubled when the host larvae available for attack are small.
EFFECT OF AMINO ACID CONCENTRATION ON DIET UPTAKE AND PERFORMANCE BY THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Srivastava P. N. , Auclair J. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe average rate of diet uptake by the 1st–3rd instar nymphs of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on chemically defined diets containing 0.0–5.0% amino acids varied from 0.08 to 0.23 μl/aphid/24 h and that by 4th instar nymphs to adults varied from 0.15 to 0.74 μl/aphid/24 h. The presence of amino acids increased the acceptability of diets to a great extent, as uptake on such diets was 2–5 times more than that on amino acid free diets. Uptake was lowest on diets lacking amino acids, and highest on those containing 3.5 and 2.5% amino acids by 1st–3rd instar nymphs and 4th instar nymphs to adults respectively. It is suggested that certain amino acids, either alone or in combination, act synergistically with sucrose as phagostimulants. Methionine was slightly phagostimulatory to the pea aphid and enhanced the acceptability of a free amino acid diet and of a sucrose solution.As expected the rate of feeding increased as the aphids grew. Nymphs reached the adult stage, and reproduced on each diet, except on the one lacking amino acids. The longevity on different diets varied from 7 to 37 days. A concentration of 2–4% amino acids, with an optimum at 3.5%, appears to be essential for the growth, survival, and larviposition of the pea aphid.Due to the punctures made in the stretched parafilm by aphids during feeding the rate of evaporation from fed sachets was significantly higher than that from unfed sachets. It is therefore suggested that in experiments where rates of feeding are measured by differential weighings of the sachets, these be renewed at 24-h intervals.
NEOCHOROTERPES, A NEW SUBGENUS OF CHOROTERPES EATON FROM NORTH AMERICA (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE)
Authors: Allen Richard K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe North American species of Choroterpes are discussed and Neochoroterpes n. subgen. is established for C. mexicanus n. sp., C. crocatus n. sp., and C. kossi n. sp. A distribution map is included for the southwestern species of Choroterpes s. str., and distribution map, key to the nymphs, descriptions of the known stages, and figures are presented for the species of Choroterpes (Neochoroterpes).
NOMENCLATURAL STATUS AND AUTHORSHIP OF SOME FAMILY-GROUP NAMES IN THE ERIOPHYOIDEA (ACARINA: PROSTIGMATA)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following suggestions in use of family-group names for eriophyoid mites are made in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. (1) The name Sierraphytoptidae Keifer 1944 should have priority over Nalepellidae Roivainen 1953 sensu Newkirk and Keifer (1971). (2) The name Diptilomiopidae Keifer 1944 should have priority over Rhyncaphytoptidae Roivainen 1953 sensu Keifer (1961). (3) The superfamily concept of Shevchenko (1968, 1971) should take the name Nalepelloidea Roivainen 1953 rather than Trisetacoidea (a justified emendation of "Trisetoidea") Shevchenko 1968. (4) The names Nalepellidae and Nalepellini should take Roivainen 1953 as author rather than Newkirk and Keifer (1971). (5) Similarly, the names Sierraphytoptini Keifer 1944, Mackiellini Keifer 1946, Diptilomiopinae Keifer 1944, and Trisetacini Shevchenko 1968 should retain their authors and dates as first proposed for new family-group taxa, rather than being new taxa as proposed by Newkirk and Keifer (1971).
NEW PYRALIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM THE PAPUAN REGION. III
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new Pyraustinae are described: Goliathodes n. gen., type-species G. shafferi n. sp., New Guinea and Waigeu; Spoladea mimetica n. sp., New Guinea; Meekiaria n. gen., type-species M. lignea n. sp., New Guinea; Aiyura n. gen., type-species A. linoptera n. sp., New Guinea.
NEW NEARCTIC PLATYGASTER (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, PLATYGASTRIDAE): THE COLORADENSIS GROUP
Authors: MacGown M. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeveral Schmitt boxes of previously unplaced Platygastridae were made available to me through the kindness of Dr. Paul Marsh, U.S. National Museum. This is the first in a series of papers describing new species and illustrating the types from these and from previously described species.
DEVELOPMENTAL SUCCESS OF TWO SPECIES OF IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN A CHRONICALLY IRRADIATED FOREST COMMUNITY
Authors: Brower John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPinus rigida trees exposed throughout the study to chronic gamma irradiation were inventoried to determine the intensity of attack by the bark beetles Ips grandicollis and I. calligraphus. Beetle developmental success was determined from bark samples by estimating the percentage of the cambial surface utilized. Trees killed by high radiation doses were attacked by the beetles even though radiation exposure proved lethal (> 500 r/day). In dead trees receiving lower doses adults survived but progeny were killed during different stages of development, depending on the dose rate. Developmental success was less on the exposed side of each tree than on the shielded side. Species with short life cycles have a survival advantage over those that have a long life cycle when exposed to chronic irradiation.
RADIORESISTANCE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE,TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM(COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), EXPOSED TO SUBLETHAL DOSES OF GAMMA IRRADIATION FOR 25 GENERATIONS
Authors: Brower John H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations ofTribolium castaneum(Herbst) exposed to sublethal doses of irradiation (0.5–4.0 krad) each generation for as many as 25 generations had decreases in reproductive capacity and increases in sterility that were positively correlated with the size of the dose per generation, but not with the number of ancestral generations treated. Exposure of the selected populations to an acute dose of irradiation (2.0 krad) revealed no increase in tolerance to irradiation even after 25 generations of selection. Radioresistant populations would probably not arise from fertile survivors of irradiation disinfestation of bulk grain.
PERCEPTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY LARVAE OFORTHOSOMA BRUNNEUM(COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) AS INDICATED BY RECORDINGS FROM THE VENTRAL NERVE CORD
Authors: Meeking J. M. , Seabrook W. D. , Paim U. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExtracellular hook electrode recordings were made of activity in the ventral nerve cord of the larvae ofOrthosoma brunneum(Forster) during application of 30% CO2to the head region. The work involved bilateral amputation of the tip segments of antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps so that each specimen bore only one intact pair of the three sensory organs. Larvae with only intact antennae exhibited no response to CO2in the ventral nerve cord; larvae with only maxillary palps did respond; larvae with only labial palps did respond, but less noticeably. Maxillary and labial palps are sites of CO2reception inO.brunneum.
MOISTURE STRESS AND FIR ENGRAVER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) ATTACK IN WHITE FIR INFECTED BY TRUE MISTLETOE
Authors: Ferrell George T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractXylem sap tension, an indication of moisture stress, was compared in foliated twigs of white fir infected by the mistletoe, Phoradendron bolleanum subspecies pauciflorum, and in paired, uninfected fir at the lower, mid-, and upper crown level. The upper boles were examined for fir engraver attacks. Reproductively successful attacks containing little or no host oleoresin were found in the infected fir, while only a single unsuccessful attack filled with oleoresin was found in the uninfected trees. Mean moisture stress in the upper crowns of most of the infected fir exceeded that in uninfected trees in all paired comparisons except one with a light infection. No differences in mean moisture stress between infected and uninfected trees were found at the lower and mid-crown levels.
MOLECULAR VIBRATION AND INSECT ATTRACTION: DACUS OLEAE (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Stavrakis G. N. , Wright R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField tests demonstrated the attractiveness of several compounds to the olive fly, Dacus oleae Gmel.; a correlation with far infrared absorption bands was derived; and dl-homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride was tested because of its conformity with this pattern. Field tests confirmed the predicted attractiveness of this and a few other compounds, and also an anti-attractant property in menthol and in butyl butyrate.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF LESTES CONGENER (ODONATA: ZYGOPTERA) ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES
Authors: Sawchyn W. W. , Gillott C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLestes congener Hagen overwinters in the egg stage. There is a diapause just before blastokinesis, during which the egg is extremely resistant to low temperatures and desiccation. Post-diapause embryonic development can occur near 0 °C but will not take place until the eggs are wetted as the pond habitat fills in the spring. Hatching does not occur until the temperature exceeds about 5 °C and is highly synchronous. Larval development is rapid and is completed in the field in about 50 days. Emergence of the adults also is synchronous. Sexual maturation requires 3 weeks. Oviposition occurs immediately after copulation while the pair are still in tandem. It takes place only in dry stems of Scirpus. Adaptations of L. congener for life under rigorous prairie conditions are discussed.
ON THE STATUS OF SEVEN NEARCTIC SPECIES CURRENTLY INCLUDED IN THE GENUS LYGUS HAHN (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven species originally described in the genus Lygus Hahn are here removed from that genus. The new combinations are: Lygus fortinensis Distant is transferred to Ellenia Reuter, Lygus hospitus Distant and Lygus pellitus Distant are transferred to Dagbertus Distant, Lygus lanuginosus Distant is transferred to Polymerus Hahn, Lygus vicarius Reuter is transferred to Proba Distant, Lygus repletus Heidemann is transferred to Dichrooscytus Fieber, and Lygus irroratus Blatchley is transferred to Lygocoris Reuter. Dagbertus olivaceus Reuter is a new synonym of hospitus.
CODLING MOTH: EMERGENCE, SEX RATIO, AND ABUNDANCE
Authors: Hagley Elmer A. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn unsprayed apple orchards in Ontario the sex ratio (female:male) of mature codling moth larvae was negatively correlated with total moth numbers, per cent fruit damage, and the fecundity of first generation females. Changes in both the larval and adult sex ratios were indicative of the tendency of moth populations to increase or decrease from one season to the next.
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF THE CLEAR-WINGED GRASSHOPPER, CAMNULA PELLUCIDA (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pickford R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe reproductive behaviour of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) is described. This includes some general information on congregation on a field breeding site as well as detailed descriptions of courtship, copulation, and oviposition behaviour. Differences in behavioural patterns from those previously outlined for another major grasshopper species are tabulated.
PLAGIOGNATHUS MEDICAGUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE): DESCRIPTIONS OF EGG AND FIVE NYMPHAL INSTARS
Authors: Arrand J. C. , McMahon H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe egg and five nymphal instars of Plagiognathus medicagus Arrand, a pest of alfalfa in Western Canada, are described and illustrated. A key for ready separation of the nymphal instars is provided.
A NEW SPECIES OF PLATYGASTER (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA, PLATYGASTRIDAE) PARASITIC ON LASIOPTERA NODULA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN BLACKBERRY STEM GALLS
Authors: MacGown M. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlatygaster taylori n. sp., reared from blackberry stem galls, is described, compared with similar species, and a list of Platygasteridae associated with blackberry in the United States of America is given.
CHALCIDOID (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITES OF THE HORN FLY, HAEMATOBIA IRRITANS (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE), IN ALBERTA AND ELSEWHERE IN CANADA
Authors: Peck Oswald 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe horn fly in Alberta has been reported as being parasitized by five species of Chalcidoidea (Depner 1968, Can. Ent. 100: 1057–1060). These identifications are corrected to Muscidifurax raptor G. & S., M. zaraptor K. & L., Eupteromalus viridescens (Walsh), Spalangia drosophilae Ashm., S. subpunctata Foerst., and S. e. erythromera Foerst. The last two were not known in North America; neither they nor the Muscidifurax spp. had been noted as parasitizing horn fly. The Spalangia spp. can be credited with parasitizing up to 40% of horn fly pupae in traps and the Muscidifurax spp. up to 30%. E. viridescens seems to be an adventitious parasite of horn fly.
AN ALGORITHM FOR TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT GROWTH RATE SIMULATION
Authors: Stinner R. E. , Gutierrez A. P. , Butler G. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWith the current advances in insect population modelling, the need for more accurate simulation of temperature-dependent growth rates has become vital. The day-degree concept, with its linear temperature–rate relationship, has not been adequate for simulation of field populations under highly variable temperature conditions. Similarly, several of the non-linear relationships proposed in the past (Janisch’s catenary, parabola) have also been inadequate. All of these relationships produce large errors at temperature extremes.This paper presents a comparison of various functions which have been used for developmental time estimation and an algorithm for a sigmoid function which can be used in simulations having either a calendar or a physiological time base. Validation of the algorithm is presented for three insect species.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PLATYGASTRIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA)
Authors: MacGown M. W. , Osgood E. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSynopeas osgoodi n. sp., associated with balsam gall midge, Mariaville, Me., U.S.A., and Platygaster kimballi n. sp., associated with thistle, Houlton and Belfast, Me., U.S.A., are described herein.
MOTHS OF THESEMIOTHISA SIGNARIACOMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Ferguson Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThesignariagroup of the genusSemiothisais a complex of 10 extremely similar species, most of which are host-specific on certain genera of coniferous trees An eleventh species,S.sexmaculata, is also treated in this revision because of its close resemblance to members of thesignariacomplex, although its true affinity appears to be with theliturata–bisignatagroup. The species are described and illustrated, and their synonymy, distribution, variation and biology are discussed in detail, including an account of industrial melanism in a population ofS.pinistrobata. Two new species names are proposed, and eight lectotypes designated. The main center of distribution is northeastern North America, and all of the known species exceptS.fuscariaoccur on this continent. The one Holarctic species,S.signaria, which is generally the commonest in collections, also has the widest range of host plants, feeding on at least six genera of coniferous trees.
A REVISION OF THE APTERUS-GROUP OF THE GENUS TACHINUS GRAVENHORST (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Ullrich W. G. , Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour species have been described in the apterus-group of the staphylinid genus Tachinus Gravenhorst. One of these, tundrae Poppius, is regarded as a synonym of brevipennis Sahlberg. Tachinus arcticus (Motschulsky) is recognized as a valid species, although earlier works have considered it a synonym of apterus. Tachinus brevipennis is recorded from the Nearctic Region for the first time. A neotype is designated for arcticus and lectotypes are designated for brevipennis and tundrae. Tachinus instabilis Mäklin is transferred to the apterus-group from the fimbriatus-group and recorded for the first time from Siberia. One new species, T. glacialis, is described from Siberia.A key for identification of the species of the group and a description of the group characters are included. Each of the five species is described and the major diagnostic characters illustrated with scanning electron photomicrographs. A map is included to show the distribution of the species.
CHANGES IN THE PHALLIC COMPLEX OF ADULT ATRACTOMORPHA SINENSIS SINENSIS (ORTHOPTERA: PYRGOMORPHIDAE)
Authors: McE. Kevan D. Keith , Lee Sai-Keung 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSequent sampling of adult males of Atractomorpha sinensis sinensis Bolívar from a laboratory culture has shown that the phallic structures become progressively sclerotized with age, resulting in changes in form, mass, and rigidity which continue throughout adult life. This confirms what had been deduced from previous taxonomic studies. It not only has important implications for taxonomy, but may be a factor affecting reproductive activity of the insects.
A NEW NOCTUELIOPSIS FROM TEXAS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: ODONTIINAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNoctueliopsis rhodoxanthinalis, a striking pink and yellow species from western Texas, is described as new. It is not close to any described species, but is compared with N. pandoralis (Barnes and McDunnough, 1914), Mojavia achemonalis (Barnes and McDunnough, 1914), and Mojaviodes blanchardae Munroe, 1972.
THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Baker W. V. , Estrin C. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study of the anatomy and histology of the alimentary canal of Scolytus multistriatus Marsham suggests that the midgut diverticula are centres for the regeneration of the midgut cells and that the structure of the midgut epithelium and the proventriculus facilitate the rapid uptake of nutrients from food.