bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agreement between two‐ and three‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound methods in assessing fetal head descent in the first stage of labor
Authors: Torkildsen E. A. , Salvesen K. Å. , Eggebø T. M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study intraobserver repeatability and intermethod agreement between two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) transperineal ultrasound methods in assessing fetal head descent during the first stage of labor.MethodsFetal head descent was measured with transperineal ultrasound as the fetal head–perineum distance and the angle of progression in 106 primiparous women with prolonged first stage of labor. A single obstetrician performed all the scans, and another obstetrician analyzed the acquired 2D images and 3D volumes, blinded to clinical assessments and labor outcome. Intraobserver repeatability and intermethod agreement between 2D and 3D methods were analyzed.ResultsThe repeatability coefficient was ± 4.1 mm in 2D acquisitions and ± 1.7 mm in 3D acquisitions of fetal head–perineum distance. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.94 for 2D and 0.99 for 3D measurements. The angle of progression repeatability coefficients were ± 6.7° using 2D and ± 5.7° using 3D ultrasound and ICCs were 0.91 and 0.94, respectively. The intermethod ICC for fetal head–perineum distance in 2D vs 3D acquisitions was 0.95 and for angle of progression it was 0.93; the intermethod 95% limits of agreement were − 5.8 mm to + 7.2 mm and − 8.9° to + 13.7°, respectively. Cohen's kappa for 2D vs 3D acquisitions was 0.85 using 40 mm as a cut‐off level for fetal head–perineum distance and 0.79 using 110° as cut‐off level for angle of progression.ConclusionsFor one ultrasound operator the intraobserver repeatability and agreement between 2D and 3D ultrasound methods in prolonged first stage of labor were good. Given that 2D methods are simpler to learn and can be analyzed quickly online, 2D equipment might therefore be preferred in the labor room. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in the clinical management of fatty acid oxidation disorders: results of a survey of Canadian metabolic physicians
Authors: Potter Beth K. , Little Julian , Chakraborty Pranesh , Kronick Jonathan B. , Evans Jessica , Frei Julia , Sutherland Sarah C. , Wilson Kumanan , Wilson Brenda J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntroductionThere is little robust empirical evidence on which to base treatment recommendations for fatty acid oxidation disorders. While consensus guidelines are important, understanding areas where there is a lack of consensus is also critical to inform priorities for future evaluative research.MethodsWe surveyed Canadian metabolic physicians on the treatment of medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency, long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency. We ascertained physicians’ opinions on the use of different interventions for the long‐term management of patients as well as for the management of acute illness, focusing on identifying interventions characterized by high variability in opinions. We also investigated factors influencing treatment decisions.ResultsWe received 18 responses (response rate 45%). Participants focused on avoidance of fasting and increased meal frequency as interventions for the management of MCAD deficiency. For the long‐chain disorders, avoidance of fasting remained the most consistently endorsed intervention, with additional highly endorsed treatments differing for VLCAD versus LCHAD/MTP deficiency. L‐carnitine supplementation and restriction of dietary fat were characterized by high variability in physicians’ opinions, as were several interventions specific to long‐chain disorders. Social factors and patient characteristics were important influences on treatment decisions.ConclusionsBased on our findings we suggest that high priority treatments for rigorous effectiveness studies could include L‐carnitine supplementation (MCAD and LCHAD/MTP deficiencies), restriction of dietary fat, and, for the long‐chain disorders, feeding practices for breastfed infants and the use of various supplements (essential fatty acids, carbohydrates, cornstarch, multivitamins).
Chronic oestrogen replacement in ovariectomised rats attenuates food intake and augments c-Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus specifically during the light phase
Authors: Takamata Akira , Torii Kayo , Miyake Kana , Morimoto Keiko 
Published: May 2011

Oestrogen replacement in ovariectomised (OVX) rats has been reported to attenuate food intake, especially during the light phase. To gain better insight into the central mechanism of oestrogen-induced reduction of food intake, we examined the effect of chronic oestrogen replacement in OVX rats on c-Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and on food intake during the light and dark phases. Eight-week-old female rats were ovariectomised and implanted with either an oestradiol (E2) or a vehicle pellet (Veh) subcutaneously. The animals were housed in an environment with a 12 h light–12 h dark cycle with the lights on at 07.00 hours. The amount of spontaneous food intake relative to each animal's body weight was significantly less for the E2 group than for the Veh group during the light phase, but there were no differences shown between these groups during the dark phase. There were no differences shown in the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in the SCN in the E2 group compared with the Veh group during the early dark phase (22.00 hours; Zeitgeber time 15.00 (ZT15)), but the number was significantly higher than in the Veh group during the early light phase (10.00 hours; ZT3). This finding suggests that chronic oestrogen replacement chronically enhances SCN activity, specifically during the light phase. The oestrogen-induced enhancement of SCN activity during the light phase is possibly involved in the light phase-specific attenuation of food intake by oestrogen replacement in OVX rats.
Nutrition support in intensive care units in England: a snapshot of present practice
Authors: Sharifi Mahtab N. , Walton Anna , Chakrabarty Gayatri , Rahman Tony , Neild Penny , Poullis Andrew 
Published: May 2011

Nutrition support is an important part of care management in critically ill patients, not only to prevent and treat malnutrition but also it has a significant impact on recovery from illness and overall outcome. There is little information available about present nutritional support practice for patients in intensive care units (ICU) in the UK. This survey was designed to evaluate the present nutrition support practice in ICU and high dependency units (HDU) in England. Data were gathered by a 72 h phone survey from 245 ICU and HDU in 196 hospitals in England. A questionnaire was completed over the telephone, including general information, nutrition support and teams involved in the nutrition management in the ICU. Of 1286 total patients in the ICU, 703 (54·6 %) were receiving nasogastric feeding, two (1·5 %) were receiving feeding via a percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy tube and two (1·5 %) were receiving nasojejunal feeding. One hundred and forty-seven (11·4 %) patients were on parenteral feeding during the study period. A nutrition support team was not available in 158 (83·1 %) ICU and there was no dietitian or specialist nutrition nurse to cover ICU in nine (4·7 %) hospitals. In conclusion, the present survey reported an increased trend in usage of enteral feeding in ICU in England, and a reduction in the use of parenteral nutrition compared with previous surveys. However, we are still far from integrating nutrition into care management in the ICU.
Impact of low v. moderate intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids on risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Musa-Veloso Kathy , Binns Malcolm A. , Kocenas Alexandra , Chung Catherine , Rice Harry , Oppedal-Olsen Hilde , Lloyd Hilary , Lemke Shawna 
Published: May 2011

The objective of the present study was to determine whether the consumption of ≥ 250 v. < 250 mg of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids (n-3 LCFA) per d is associated with a reduction in the risk of fatal and non-fatal CHD in individuals with no prior history of CHD. A comprehensive and systematic review of the published scientific literature resulted in the identification of eight prospective studies (seven cohorts and one nested case–control study) that met predefined inclusion criteria. Relative to the consumption of < 250 mg n-3 LCFA per d, the consumption of ≥ 250 mg/d was associated with a significant 35·1 % reduction in the risk of sudden cardiac death and a near-significant 16·6 % reduction in the risk of total fatal coronary events, while the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction was not significantly reduced. In several meta-analyses, which were based on US studies, risk of CHD death was found to be dose-dependently reduced by the n-3 LCFA, with further risk reductions observed with intakes in excess of 250 mg/d. Prospective observational and intervention data from Japan, where intake of fish is very high, suggest that n-3 LCFA intakes of 900 to 1000 mg/d and greater may confer protection against non-fatal myocardial infarction. Thus, the intake of 250 mg n-3 LCFA per d may, indeed, be a minimum target to be achieved by the general population for the promotion of cardiovascular health.
Immunostimulatory effect of faecalBifidobacteriumspecies of breast-fed and formula-fed infants in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell/Caco-2 co-culture system
Authors: Pozo-Rubio T. , Mujico J. R. , Marcos A. , Puertollano E. , Nadal I. , Sanz Y. , Nova E. 
Published: May 2011

Bifidobacteriumspp. typical of the human intestinal microbiota are believed to influence the balance of immune responses in the intestinal mucosa. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different bifidobacterial species and their mixtures inin vitroexperiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Caco-2 cells.Bifidobacterium adolescentis,B. angulatum,B. breve,B. catenulatum,B. infantis,B. longumand two combinations of these bifidobacteria simulating the species composition found in faecal samples from breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants were used. The levels of several cytokines were measured by direct stimulation of PBMC and by stimulation of a Caco-2/PBMC co-culture with bifidobacteria.B. catenulatumandB. brevewere the strongest enhancers of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by direct stimulation of PBMC.B. longumwas the highest inducer of IL-10 and the lowest TNF-α stimulus. In the Caco-2/PBMC system,B. brevewas the highest inducer of IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells, significantly different fromB. infantis,B. adolescentisand the FF mixture (P < 0·05). IFN-γ produced by PBMC stimulated with the BF mixture (containing 22 %B. breve, compared with 7 % in the FF mixture) was significantly higher compared withB. adolescentis,B. infantisandB. longum.B. adolescentisalso inhibited IFN-γ production compared with the FF mixture andB. longum. The proportion of differentBifidobacteriumstrains seems to be an important determinant of the cytokine balance in the simulated intestinal environment studied.B. breveand the combination of theBifidobacteriumspecies typically found in the microbiota of BF infants have shown the most significant effects.
Ethnic differences in the relationship between body mass index and percentage body fat among Asian children from different backgrounds
Authors: Liu Ailing , Byrne Nuala M. , Kagawa Masaharu , Ma Guansheng , Poh Bee Koon , Ismail Mohammad Noor , Kijboonchoo Kallaya , Nasreddine Lara , Trinidad Trinidad Palad , Hills Andrew P. 
Published: May 2011

Overweight and obesity in Asian children are increasing at an alarming rate; therefore a better understanding of the relationship between BMI and percentage body fat (%BF) in this population is important. A total of 1039 children aged 8–10 years, encompassing a wide BMI range, were recruited from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. Body composition was determined using the 2H dilution technique to quantify total body water and subsequently fat mass, fat-free mass and %BF. Ethnic differences in the BMI–%BF relationship were found; for example, %BF in Filipino boys was approximately 2 % lower than in their Thai and Malay counterparts. In contrast, Thai girls had approximately 2·0 % higher %BF values than in their Chinese, Lebanese, Filipino and Malay counterparts at a given BMI. However, the ethnic difference in the BMI–%BF relationship varied by BMI. Compared with Caucasian children of the same age, Asian children had 3–6 units lower BMI at a given %BF. Approximately one-third of the obese Asian children (%BF above 25 % for boys and above 30 % for girls) in the study were not identified using the WHO classification and more than half using the International Obesity Task Force classification. Use of the Chinese classification increased the sensitivity. Results confirmed the necessity to consider ethnic differences in body composition when developing BMI cut-points and other obesity criteria in Asian children.
Vitamin D status in pregnant Indian women across trimesters and different seasons and its correlation with neonatal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
Authors: Marwaha R. K. , Tandon N. , Chopra S. , Agarwal N. , Garg M. K. , Sharma B. , Kanwar R. S. , Bhadra K. , Singh S. , Mani K. , Puri S. 
Published: May 2011

The present cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the vitamin D status of pregnant Indian women and their breast-fed infants. Subjects were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics, Armed Forces Clinic and Army Hospital (Research and Referral), Delhi. A total of 541 apparently healthy women with uncomplicated, single, intra-uterine gestation reporting in any trimester were consecutively recruited. Of these 541 women, 299 (first trimester, ninety-seven; second trimester, 125; third trimester, seventy-seven) were recruited in summer (April–October) and 242 (first trimester, fifty-nine, second trimester, ninety-three; third trimester, ninety) were recruited in winter (November–March) to study seasonal variations in vitamin D status. Clinical, dietary, biochemical and hormonal evaluations for the Ca–vitamin D–parathormone axis were performed. A subset of 342 mother–infant pairs was re-evaluated 6 weeks postpartum. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of pregnant women was 23·2 (sd12·2) nmol/l. Hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) was observed in 96·3 % of the subjects. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in winter in the second and third trimesters, while serum intact parathormone (iPTH) and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher in winter in all three trimesters. A significant negative correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D and iPTH in mothers (r− 0·367,P = 0·0001) and infants (r− 0·56,P = 0·0001). A strong positive correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels of mother–infant pairs (r0·779,P = 0·0001). A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was observed in pregnancy, lactation and infancy with no significant inter-trimester differences in serum 25(OH)D levels.
Viscosity rather than quantity of dietary fibre predicts cholesterol-lowering effect in healthy individuals
Authors: Vuksan Vladimir , Jenkins Alexandra L. , Rogovik Alexander L. , Fairgrieve Christopher D. , Jovanovski Elena , Leiter Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2011

The well-documented lipid-lowering effects of fibre may be related to its viscosity, a phenomenon that has been understudied, especially when fibre is given against the background of a typical North American (NA) diet. In this three-arm experiment, we compared the lipid-lowering effect of low-viscosity wheat bran (WB), medium-viscosity psyllium (PSY) and a high-viscosity viscous fibre blend (VFB), as part of a fibre intervention aimed at increasing fibre intake to recommended levels within the context of a NA diet in apparently healthy individuals. Using a randomised cross-over design, twenty-three participants (twelve males and eleven females; age 35 (sd 12) years; LDL-cholesterol (C) 2·9 (sem 0·6) mmol/l) consuming a typical NA diet received a standard, fibre-enriched cereal, where approximately one-third of the fibre was either a low-viscosity (570 centipoise (cP)) WB, medium-viscosity (14 300 cP) PSY or a high-viscosity (136 300 cP) novel VFB, for 3 weeks separated by washout periods of ≥ 2 weeks. There were no differences among the treatments in the amount of food consumed, total dietary fibre intake, reported physical activity and body weight. Final intake of the WB, PSY and VFB was 10·8, 9·0 and 5·1 g, respectively. Reduction in LDL-C was greater with the VFB compared with the medium-viscosity PSY ( − 12·6 (sem 3·5) %, P = 0·002) and low-viscosity WB ( − 14·6 (sem 4·2) %, P = 0·003). The magnitude of LDL-C reduction showed a positive association with fibre apparent viscosity (r − 0·41, P = 0·001). Despite the smaller quantity consumed, the high-viscosity fibre lowered LDL-C to a greater extent than lower-viscosity fibres. These data support the inclusion of high-viscosity fibre in the diet to reduce plasma lipids among apparently healthy individuals consuming a typical NA diet.
Maternal protein restriction in mice causes adverse metabolic and hypothalamic effects in the F1 and F2 generations
Authors: Peixoto-Silva Nayara , Frantz Eliete Dalla Corte , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos Alberto , Pinheiro-Mulder Alessandra 
Published: May 2011

Maternal protein restriction causes metabolic alterations associated with hypothalamic dysfunction. Because the consequences of metabolic programming can be passed transgenerationally, the present study aimed to assess whether maternal protein restriction alters the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides in offspring and to evaluate hormonal and metabolic changes in male offspring from the F1 and F2 generations. Female Swiss mice (F0) were mated and fed either a normal-protein (NP group; 19 % protein) or a low-protein (LP group; 5 % protein) diet throughout gestation of the F1 generation (NP1 and LP1). At 3 months of age, F1 females were mated to produce the F2 generation (NP2 and LP2). Animals from all groups were evaluated at 16 weeks of age. LP1 offspring had significantly lower weights and shorter lengths than NP1 offspring at birth, but they underwent a phase of rapid catch-up growth. Conversely, the LP2 offspring were not significantly different from the NP2 offspring in either weight or length. At 16 weeks, no differences were found in body mass among any of the groups, although LP1 and LP2 offspring showed hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, increased levels of insulin, leptin and resistin, decreased endogenous leptin sensitivity, increased adiposity with elevated leptin levels and leptin resistance characterised by altered expression of neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin without any changes in the leptin receptor Ob-Rb. We conclude that severe maternal protein restriction promotes metabolic programming in F1 and F2 male offspring due to a dysregulation of the adipoinsular axis and a state of hypothalamic leptin resistance.
Megaspora rimisorediata (Pertusariales, Megasporaceae), a new sorediate species from Iran and its affinities with Aspicilia sensu lato
Authors: VALADBEIGI Tahereh , NORDIN Anders , TIBELL Leif 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe new species Megaspora rimisorediata Valadbeigi & A. Nordin is described from Iran, where it mainly grows on tree bark but also on calciferous rocks and mosses. It is characterized by a pale ochraceous to bluish grey, cracked and sorediate thallus, very rarely producing ascomata. It appears to be rather commonly distributed in Iran. Its close affinity with Megaspora verrucosa is illustrated in a graph resulting from a phylogenetic network analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences from specimens representing the different genera of Megasporaceae.
A new species ofLlimoniella(Ascomycota,Helotiales) onRamboldia cinnabarinafrom Alaska
Authors: PÉREZ-ORTEGA Sergio , ETAYO Javier , SPRIBILLE Toby 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe new lichenicolous fungusLlimoniella cinnabarinaegrowing onRamboldia cinnabarinafrom Alaska is described. The lack of excipular or epihymenial K+ purplish, violet or green pigments places it near the recently describedL. phaeophysciaegroup. Its affinity withLlimoniellaand other members of lichenicolousHelotialesis discussed.
Sporodochiolichen, a new genus of tropical hyphomycetous lichens
Authors: APTROOT André , SIPMAN Harrie J. M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe lichen genus Sporodochiolichen is installed to accommodate a group of four, so far undescribed, tropical corticolous lichen species with arthric conidia in discrete sporodochia. Three species are so far only known from Papua New Guinea; one is known from five countries on two continents and is probably pantropical.
Caring for grandchildren and intergenerational support in rural China: a gendered extended family perspective
Authors: CONG ZHEN , SILVERSTEIN MERRIL 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis investigation examines how support from adult children is affected by their parents' involvement in grandchild care. Instead of focusing on dyadic interactions, we adopt a gendered extended family perspective to examine how financial and emotional support from children was influenced when their siblings received help with child care from their elder parents. The data were from a two-wave (2001, 2003) longitudinal study of 4,791 parent–child dyads with 1,162 parents, aged 60 and older, living in rural areas of Anhui Province, China. Random effects regression showed that emotional support from both sons and daughters was strengthened when parents provided more child care for their other adult children; in addition, daughters were more emotionally responsive than sons under this situation. Concerning dyadic parent–child relationships, daughter and sons increased their financial support, and sons increased their emotional support when they themselves received help with child care from parents. We suggest taking a gendered extended family perspective when studying intergenerational relationships in rural China.