bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐Optical Bistability Enabled by Bound States in The Continuum in Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Barulin Alexander , Pashina Olesia , Riabov Daniil , Sergaeva Olga , Sadrieva Zarina , Shcherbakov Alexey , Rutckaia Viktoriia , Schilling Jörg , Bogdanov Andrey , Sinev Ivan , Chernov Alexander , Petrov Mihail 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe control of light through all‐optical means is a fundamental challenge in nanophotonics and a key effect in optical switching and logic. The optical bistability effect enables this control and can be observed in various planar photonic systems such as microdisk and photonic crystal cavities and waveguides. However, the recent advancements in flat optics with wavelength‐thin optical elements require nonlinear elements based on metastructures and metasurfaces. The performance of these systems can be enhanced with high‐Q bound states in the continuum (BIC), which leads to intense harmonic generation, improved light‐matter coupling, and pushes forward sensing limits. This study reports enhanced thermo‐optical nonlinearity and the observation of optical bistability in an all‐dielectric metasurface membrane with BIC. Unlike many other nanophotonic platforms, metasurfaces allow for fine control of the quality factor of the BIC resonance by managing the radiative losses. This provides an opportunity to control the parameters of the observed hysteresis loop and even switch from bistability to optical discrimination by varying the angle of incidence. Additionally, this work proposes a mechanism of nonlinear critical coupling that establishes the conditions for maximal hysteresis width and minimal switching power, which has not been reported before. The study suggests that all‐dielectric metasurfaces supporting BICs can serve as a flat‐optics platform for optical switching and modulation based on strong thermo‐optical nonlinearity.
Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors Based on Succinimide‐Substituted Thiophene for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Yi , Flynn Scott , Li Xu , Liu Haitao , Wang Jinliang , Li Yuning 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe advent of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has greatly improved the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, to compete with other solar cell technologies, there is a pressing need for accelerated research and development of improved NFAs as well as their compatible wide bandgap polymer donors. In this study, a novel electron‐withdrawing building block, succinimide‐substituted thiophene (TS), is utilized for the first time to synthesize three wide bandgap polymer donors: PBDT‐TS‐C5, PBDT‐TSBT‐C12, and PBDTF‐TSBT‐C16. These polymers exhibit complementary bandgaps for efficient sunlight harvesting and suitable frontier energy levels for exciton dissociation when paired with the extensively studied NFA, Y6. Among these donors, PBDTF‐TSBT‐C16 demonstrates the highest hole mobility and a relatively low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, attributed to the incorporation of thiophene spacers and electron‐withdrawing fluorine substituents. OSC devices based on the blend of PBDTF‐TSBT‐C16:Y6 achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 13.21%, with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.83 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, and a fill factor of 0.62. Notably, the Voc × Jsc product reaches 21.46 mW cm−2, demonstrating the potential of TS as an electron acceptor building block for the development of high‐performance wide bandgap polymer donors in OSCs.
Removing ring artifacts in CBCT images via Transformer with unidirectional vertical gradient loss
Authors: Sha Jianran , Li Jianwu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), an important medical modality for disease detection and diagnosis, is currently widely used in clinical practice. However, due to the inconsistent response of CBCT detectors, the lack of proper calibration often leads to the occurrence of ring artifacts in CBCT‐reconstructed images. These artifacts may affect physicians' assessment and diagnosis. Therefore, effective elimination of ring artifacts in CBCT images without degrading image quality is important.PurposeGiven the pros and cons of existing methods for removing ring artifacts in CBCT images, this paper is devoted to designing a specific Transformer for this task, leveraging the global and local modeling ability of Transformer.MethodsWe design a loss function with dual‐domain information fusion for the vanilla Transformer to correct ring artifacts in CBCT images. The method operates in image domain to predict artifact‐free outputs and preserve more image details. Meanwhile, we design a tailored loss function incorporating polar domain optimization to remove ring artifacts more effectively. Specifically, an unidirectional gradient loss that constrains vertical gradients in polar domain is imposed, based on the geometric prior that in polar coordinates, ring artifacts predominately affect horizontal gradients while minimally influencing vertical gradients.ResultsWe conduct extensive ablative and comparative experiments on CBCT/CT image set to validate the performance of the proposed method. First, four ablation experiments demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Then, we compare our method with several classical methods and the latest state‐of‐the‐arts, and our method achieves the highest quality of corrected images as well as the best evaluation metrics. In these experiments, 5332 CT images were used for training, and 550 CT images, and 500 real CBCT images were used for testing. The source code is available at https://github.com/shasha521/CBCT.ConclusionsExperimental results demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the effectiveness of ring artifact correction. By capitalizing on dual‐domain information fusion and a customized loss function, the improved Transformer can not only effectively remove ring artifacts in CBCT images, but also preserve the details of original images quite well.
A collocated inversion of sources and early arrival waveforms for credible tomograms: Synthetic and field data examples
Authors: Yu Han , Li Jing , Hanafy Sherif , Liu Lulu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWaveform inversion is theoretically a powerful tool to reconstruct subsurface structures, but a usually encountered problem is that accurate sources are very rare, causing the computation to be unstable or divergent. This challenging practical problem, although sometimes ignored and even imperceptible, can easily create discrepancies in calculated shot gathers, which will then lead to wrong residuals that will be smeared back to the gradients, hence jeopardizing the inverted tomograms. For any real dataset, every shot gather corresponds to its unique source even if some gathers can be transformed alike after data processing. To resolve this problem, we propose a collocated inversion of sources and early arrival waveforms with the two submodules executing successively. Not only can this method reconstruct a decent source wavelet that approaches the ground truth, but also it can produce credible background tomograms with optimized sources. Part of the cycle skipping problems can also be mitigated because it avoids the trial and error experiments on various sources. Numerical tests on a synthetic and a land dataset validate the effectiveness of this method. Restrictions on initial sources or starting velocity models will be relaxed, and this method can be extended to any other applications for engineering or exploration purposes.
Poor convergence between local traditional farmers and conservationists on which species to protect locally
Authors: Ulicsni Viktor , Molnár Zsolt , Szentirmai István , Babai Dániel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Locals engaged in traditional farming and possessing traditional ecological knowledge consider certain species worthy of protection, as do official nature conservationists, although the sets of taxa may not be identical. Exploring the relationship between the two sets of taxa could bring many practical benefits, yet the literature on this subject is scarce. For more efficient conservation and better engagement and knowledge co‐production with locals, it is necessary to understand the principles, preferences and worldviews of the two knowledge systems, and the drivers behind the choices of which animal species to protect.

We examined which animal species traditional farmers and conservationists wish to protect, and why. We also examined whether there is a correlation between the extent of farmers' ecological knowledge and the number of species they regard as needing protection. In the case of the species that conservationists consider most in need of protection, we also enquired how knowledgeable local farmers are about these species. Our research was carried out in two adjacent protected sites in Central Europe along the Slovenian‐Hungarian border. We conducted 20 structured interviews with traditional farmers at each of the two sites (40 altogether), and 23 with local conservationists.

Both conservationists and local farmers predominantly mentioned the protection of species that do not provide a tangible economic benefit to farmers and that show a declining population trend.

Local farmers with greater species knowledge did not know significantly more than those with less knowledge about the species to be protected, nor did they list more legally protected species.

The preliminary assumption of the conservationists was that the locals knew the species and listed the ones to be protected for essentially functional reasons (e.g. usefulness). By contrast, it was found that many more aspects (e.g. population trends, appearance) also had a significant impact.

Once the boundaries between the two knowledge systems are removed, collaboration between the stakeholder groups can facilitate the protection of natural assets and local communities. We consider it the responsibility of conservationists (together with ethnoecologists and other researchers) to ensure that these preferences are properly understood for the benefit of conservation and local communities.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
PDAC heterogeneity resolved spatially at the single‐cell level: new biological answers, new questions on optimal translation†
Authors: Felipe Irene , Real Francisco X 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease. Developing new strategies and using powerful methodologies for its early detection, coupled with in‐depth comprehension of the mechanisms governing subtype evolution, will not only help to stratify PDAC patients' prognosis but also prevent unfavourable subtype plasticity upon treatment with chemotherapy. Michiels et al have developed a new approach to better capture PDAC heterogeneity at the single tumour duct spatial resolution level, leveraging detection of transcripts for mutant KRAS and multiple subtype markers. Their study sheds light on the association of mutant KRAS and PDAC phenotypic heterogeneity. The findings support functional cooperation of plastic tumour cells and opens new challenges towards PDAC patient stratification and therapeutic intervention. Pathology‐based tools will be of prime importance to address these issues in a clinically meaningful manner. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Cancer is not a risk factor for severe COVID‐19 in children, except in patients with recent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or comorbidities
Authors: Velasco Puyó Pablo , Tagarro Alfredo , Garcia‐Obregon Susana , Villate Olatz , Moraleda Cinta , Huerta Aragonés Jorge , Bardón Cancho Eduardo J. , Faura Morros Anna , Galán‐Gómez Víctor , Escobar Fernández Laura , Lendinez‐Molinos Francisco , Herrero Velasco Blanca , Ureña Horno Laura , Domínguez‐Pinilla Nerea , Pascual Gazquez Juan Francisco , Nova Lozano Cristina , Osuna‐Marco Marta , Marín‐Cruz Inés , Gomez Pastrana Irene , Garcia de Andoin Barandiaran Nagore , Gallego Mingo Nerea , Portugal Rodríguez Raquel , Cañete Adela , Pareja León Marta , Castrillo Bustamante Sara , Tallón García María , Gónzalez‐Prieto Almudena , Solé‐Rodríguez María , González Cruz Macarena , Soriano‐Arandes Antonio , Mota Miriam , Pérez‐Hoyos Santiago , Moreno Lucas , Astigarraga Itziar ,   EPICO‐AEP Working Group
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe EPICO (Spanish general registry of COVID‐19 in children)‐SEHOP (Spanish Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology) platform gathers data from children with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Spain, allowing comparison between children with cancer or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and those without. The infection is milder in the cancer/alloHSCT group than in children without comorbidities (7.1% vs. 14.7%), except in children with recent alloHSCT (less than 300 days), of which 35.7% experienced severe COVID‐19. These data have been shared with the SEHOP members to support treatment and isolation policies akin to those for children without cancer, except for those with recent alloHSCT or additional comorbidities. This highlights the collaborative registries potential in managing pandemic emergencies.
Use of privacy‐preserving record linkage to examine the dispensing of pharmaceutical benefits scheme medicines to pregnant women in Western Australia
Authors: Kelty Erin , Hansen Michele , Randall Sean , Gration Dylan , Baynam Gareth , Preen David B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeMedications are commonly used during pregnancy to manage pre‐existing conditions and conditions that arise during pregnancy. However, not all medications are safe to use in pregnancy. This study utilized privacy‐preserving record linkage (PPRL) to examine medications dispensed under the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) to pregnant women in Western Australia (WA) overall and by medication safety category.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross‐sectional, population‐based study, state perinatal records (Midwives Notification Scheme) were linked with national PBS dispensing data using PPRL. Live and stillborn neonates born between 2012 and 2019 in WA were included. The proportion of pregnancies during which the mother was dispensed a PBS medication was calculated, overall and by medication safety category. Factors associated with PBS medication dispensing were examined using logistic regression.ResultsPPRL linkage identified matching records for 97.4% of women with perinatal records. A total of 271 739 pregnancies were identified, with 158 585 (58.4%) pregnancies involving the dispensing of at least one PBS medication. Category A medications (those considered safe in pregnancy) were the most commonly dispensed (n = 119 126, 43.8%) followed by B3 (n = 51 135, 18.8%) and B1 (n = 42 388, 15.6%) medication (those with unknown safety). Over the study period, the dispensing of PBS medications in pregnancy increased (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.07). The strongest predictor of medication dispensing in pregnancy was pre‐pregnancy dispensing (OR: 3.61, 95%CI: 3.54, 3.68). Other factors associated with medication use in pregnancy were smoking, older maternal age, obesity, and prior pregnancies.ConclusionPrivacy preserving record linkage provides a way to link cross‐jurisdictional data while preserving patient confidentiality and data security. The dispensing of PBS medication in pregnancy was common and increased over time, with approximately 60% of women dispensed at least one medication during pregnancy.
Insights into optimizing phantom pain management: A human‐centered approach to end‐user perspectives
Authors: Mareboina Manvita , Bastian Daniel , Juengst Shannon B. , Annaswamy Thiru 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis report explores and summarizes perspectives from end users on unmet needs in achieving optimal and effective phantom pain management through a human‐centered design approach.ObjectiveTo examine current strategies, pharmacological, nonpharmacological, surgical procedures, virtual reality, and mirror therapy, and the evidence supporting them, in the management of phantom limb pain.DesignThis study reviewed and analyzed transcripts acquired in nonresearch contexts from the Veterans Affairs Translational Education and Mentoring Center's commercialization training program and from a Veteran Engagement Panel. Key themes were extracted using quasi‐qualitative analysis of one‐on‐one interviews.ResultsClinicians and patients report that early patient intervention and education will yield improved management of phantom limb pain, which aligns with the growing recognition of the impact of patient‐centered care on overall treatment outcomes. Mirror therapy is viewed as an effective and low‐risk therapy, though compliance and buy‐in may be barriers to clinical practice. Patient engagement can contribute to better treatment adherence and outcomes.ConclusionThe study highlights implementation barriers, importance of end‐user input, and the role of the Veteran Engagement Panel in providing feedback to pain researchers. The findings help explain unaddressed challenges and areas requiring further research to direct phantom pain management.
Point mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene conferring pyrethroid resistance in China populations of the Dermanyssus gallinae
Authors: Wang Penglong , Liu Qi , Wang Xu , Sun Tiancong , Liu Boxing , Wang Bohan , Li Huan , Wang Chuanwen , Sun Weiwei , Pan Baoliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDermanyssus gallinae, the poultry red mite (PRM), is a worldwide ectoparasite posing significant economic challenges in poultry farming. The extensive use of pyrethroids for PRM control has led to the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. The objective of this study is to detect the pyrethroid resistance and explore its associated point mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene among PRM populations in China.RESULTSSeveral populations of D. gallinae, namely CJF‐1, CJP‐2, CJP‐3, CSD‐4 and CLD‐5, displayed varying degrees of resistance to beta‐cypermethrin compared to a susceptible field population (CBP‐5). Mutations of VGSC gene in populations of PRMs associated with pyrethroid resistance were identified through sequencing its fragments IIS4–IIS5 and IIIS6. The mutations I917V, M918T/L, A924G and L925V were present in multiple populations, while no mutations were found at positions T929, I936, F1534 and F1538.CONCLUSIONThe present study confirmed the presence of extremely high levels of pyrethroid resistance in PRM populations in China, and for the first time detected four pyrethroid resistance mutations in the VGSC gene. Identifying pyrethroid resistance in the field population of PRM in China can be achieved through screening for VGSC gene mutations as an early detection method. Our findings underscore the importance of implementing chemical PRM control strategies based on resistance evidence, while also considering the management of acaricide resistance in the control of PRMs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Regulate the Solvation Structure and Interface by Nitrate in Phosphate‐Based Electrolytes for 4.5 V‐Class Ni‐Rich Batteries
Authors: Chen Pei‐Pei , Zhang Bo‐Han , Li Zi‐Ang , Lei Jia‐Ting , Chen Jing‐Zhou , Hou Yun‐Lei , Zhao Dong‐Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhosphate‐based electrolyte propels the advanced battery system with high safety. Unfortunately, restricted by poor electrochemical stability, it is difficult to be compatible with advanced lithium metal anodes and Ni‐rich cathodes. To alleviate these issues, the study has developed a phosphate‐based localized high‐concentration electrolyte with a nitrate‐driven solvation structure, and the nitrate‐derived N‐rich inorganic interface shows excellent performance in stabilizing the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode interface and modulating the lithium deposition morphology on the anode. The results show that the Li|| NCM811 cell has exceptional long‐cycle stability of >80% capacity retention after 800 cycles at 4.3 V, 1 C. A more prominent capacity retention rate of 93.3% after 200 cycles can be reached with the high voltage of 4.5 V. While being compatible with the phosphate‐based electrolyte with good flame retardancy and the good electrochemical stability of Ni‐rich lithium metal battery (LMBs) systems, the present work expands the construction of anion‐rich solvation structures, which is expected to promote the development of the high‐performance LMBs with safety.
Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal ectopic fetal mineralisation in a cat
Authors: Orekhova Anna , Leventogiannis Venizelos , Pispiris Dimitrios , Gavras Kostas , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntra‐abdominal mineralisations are common radiographic findings in cats. In this article, we present a 4‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat with an intra‐abdominal ectopic mummified mineralised fetus. The critical diagnostic criteria for identifying such ectopic mineralised fetus lie in radiographic observations, particularly the visualisation of distinct bone structures, including the skull, vertebra column and long bones. Being familiar with the radiographic appearance of ectopic fetal mineralisation may allow more specific and prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.
Daten und Modellierung von Zerkleinerungsvorgängen
Authors: Zeismann Benjamin , Reinsch Volker , Böhm Andreas 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungQualitativ hochwertige Daten sind für die Entwicklung von Berechnungsmodellen von Zerkleinerungsvorgängen von großer Bedeutung. Moderne Anlagen sind mit einer Vielzahl von Sensoren ausgestattet, die eine kontinuierliche Überwachung vieler Systeme ermöglichen. Die Speicherung in Datenbanken bietet unter anderem ein großes Potenzial für Prozessanalysen und -optimierungen. Am Lehrstuhl für Aufbereitung und Veredlung wurde im Jahr 2021 in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma CEMTEC – Cement and Mining Technology GmbH und der Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH ein Forschungsprojekt initiiert. Dessen Ziel ist die Entwicklung eines Mahlmodells für Rührwerkskugelmühlen, das den realen Prozess bestmöglich abbildet. Dadurch soll ein besseres Verständnis für den Mahlprozess und die relevanten Einflussfaktoren erlangt werden, um ein Tool zur Prognose des Mahlergebnisses zu schaffen. Dieses Modell soll nicht nur das Mühlen-Upscaling ermöglichen, sondern auch beim Design von Anlagen mit optimaler Energieeffizienz unterstützen. Dafür werden gezielte Mahlversuche mit der containerbasierten Rührwerkskugelmühle des Lehrstuhls für Aufbereitung und Veredlung durchgeführt. Neben einer Anlagenbeschreibung werden erste Auswertungen der Mahldaten gezeigt und erläutert, welche Optimierungsarbeiten nötig waren, um zuverlässige Daten zu erhalten. Zur Modellierung wurde vorab das Population Balance Modell gewählt, dessen Grundlagen erläutert werden.