bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative ultrasound values for Achilles tendon thickness in the general population and patients with Achilles tendinopathy: A large international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sleeswijk Visser Tjerk S. O. , O'Neill Seth , Colaris Joost W. , Eygendaal Denise , de Vos Robert‐Jan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe objective of the study was to obtain adjusted ultrasonographic reference values of the Achilles tendon thickness (maximum anterior–posterior distance) in adults without (previous) Achilles tendinopathy (AT) and to compare these reference values with AT patients. Six hundred participants were consecutively included, comprising 500 asymptomatic individuals and 100 patients with clinically diagnosed chronic AT. The maximum tendon thickness was assessed using Ultrasound Tissue Characterization. A multiple quantile regression model was developed, incorporating covariates (personal characteristics) that were found to have a significant impact on the maximum anterior–posterior distance of the Achilles tendon. A 95% reference interval (RI) was derived (50th, 2.5th‐97.5th percentile). In asymptomatic participants median (95% RI) tendon thickness was 4.9 (3.8–6.9) mm for the midportion region and 3.7 (2.8–4.8) mm for the insertional region. Age, height, body mass index, and sex had a significant correlation with maximum tendon thickness. Median tendon thickness for the midportion region was calculated with the normative equation −2.1 + AGE × 0.021 + HEIGHT × 0.032+ BMI × 0.028 + SEX × 0.05. For the insertional region, the normative equation was −0.34 + AGE × 0.010+ HEIGHT × 0.018 + BMI × 0.022 + SEX × −0.05. In the equations, SEX is defined as 0 for males and 1 for females. Mean (95% CI) difference in tendon thickness compared to AT patients was 2.7 mm (2.3–3.2, p < 0.001) for the midportion and 1.4 mm (1.1–1.7, p < 0.001) for the insertional region. Compared to the asymptomatic population 73/100 (73%) AT patients exhibited increased tendon thickening, with values exceeding the 95% RI. This study presents novel reference values for the thickness of midportion and insertional region of the Achilles tendon, which were adjusted for personal characteristics. Our novel web‐based openly accessible calculator for determining normative Achilles tendon thickness (www.achillestendontool.com) will be a useful resource in the diagnostic process.Trial registration number: This trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL9010).
Embodying Pedagogy
Authors: Jorgenson Allen G. , Riehle‐Johns Bethan , Urquhart Katrina , Dresser Nancy L. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on an instructor's experience of incorporating an optional assignment in a theology class wherein students are invited to learn a new athletic skill, journal while doing so, and then theologically reflect on their experience. It begins with the instructor making a case for the need to bring the body back into the classroom. This is followed by the theological reflections of three of the instructor's students. Finally, the instructor reflects on the themes of balance and muscle memory, stretching, and flow developed in the student reflections. These are used to outline how a balanced classroom revives theological wonder, affirms change in a cruciform fashion, and understands failure as part of God's modus operandi and so intrinsic to theology.
MYB24, MYB144, and MYB168 positively regulate suberin biosynthesis at potato tuber wounds during healing
Authors: Han Ye , Yang Ruirui , Zhang Xuejiao , Wang Qihui , Wang Yi , Li Yongcai , Prusky Dov , Bi Yang 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYThe essence of wound healing is the accumulation of suberin at wounds, which is formed by suberin polyphenolic (SPP) and suberin polyaliphatic (SPA). The biosynthesis of SPP and SPA monomers is catalyzed by several enzyme classes related to phenylpropanoid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. However, how suberin biosynthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level during potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber wound healing remains largely unknown. Here, 6 target genes and 15 transcription factors related to suberin biosynthesis in tuber wound healing were identified by RNA‐seq technology and qRT‐PCR. Dual luciferase and yeast one‐hybrid assays showed that StMYB168 activated the target genes StPAL, StOMT, and St4CL in phenylpropanoid metabolism. Meanwhile, StMYB24 and StMYB144 activated the target genes StLTP, StLACS, and StCYP in fatty acid metabolism, and StFHT involved in the assembly of SPP and SPA domains in both native and wound periderms. More importantly, virus‐induced gene silencing in S. tuberosum and transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana assays confirmed that StMYB168 regulates the biosynthesis of free phenolic acids, such as ferulic acid. Furthermore, StMYB24/144 regulated the accumulation of suberin monomers, such as ferulates, α, ω‐diacids, and ω‐hydroxy acids. In conclusion, StMYB24, StMYB144, and StMYB168 have an elaborate division of labor in regulating the synthesis of suberin during tuber wound healing.
Equivalent Enthalpy Model and Log-Mean Enthalpy Difference Method for Heat-Mass Transfer in Cooling Towers
Authors: Cao Yiding 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In industrial processes involving both heat and mass transfer, the enthalpy or total energy difference, not the temperature difference, is a more comprehensive driving-force potential for the design of heat exchanger systems, such as cooling towers. However, current enthalpy methods based on the Merkel integral require numerical integration with implied linear distributions of water temperature. If the cooling range of the cooling tower is relatively small, the outcome of the integration may carry little error. However, for a large cooling range and a substantially increased temperature, the error involved may be significant. Like log-mean temperature difference, a log-mean enthalpy difference method may require only the inlet and outlet conditions without prior knowledge of the enthalpy distributions of the fluids within the heat exchanger. The known Berman's enthalpy difference method requires correction factors and was derived based on the linearization of the interfacial enthalpy and the enthalpy difference between the interfacial moist air and the bulk moist air without underlying interpretation to demonstrate that the method could be broadly used. In this paper, an equivalent enthalpy model is proposed, and the log-mean enthalpy difference is derived without retaining model assumptions. The derived method is compared with some results of Merkel's method from literature with excellent agreement. Thus, the work in this paper would open up the possibility for broad uses of the log-mean enthalpy difference method for many industrial processes involving both heat and mass transfer.
Integrated Thermal Management System Concept With Combined Jet Plate, High Porosity Aluminum Foam, and Target Plate for Enhanced Heat Transfer
Authors: Aider Youssef , Singh Prashant 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An experimental investigation was carried out on high porosity metal foams subjected to array jet impingement with an objective to develop enhanced heat transfer configurations. In this study, we propose an integrated thermal management system (TMS) aimed toward leveraging the conjugate heat transfer capabilities of target plate, metal foam, and the jet plate—all made from aluminum and assembled such that a proper contact between them can be established. Steady-state heat transfer experiments were carried out for 10 and 20 pores per inch (PPI) aluminum foams of 0.93 porosity. Both metal foams were 12.7-mm thick. The normalized jet-to-jet spacing was varied from 2 to 12 times the jet diameter, while the jet diameter was fixed. The ratio of the jet plate thickness and jet diameter (nozzle aspect ratio) was 6.35, which ensured proper development of jets inside the nozzles. Experiments were conducted over a wide range of Reynolds number (based on jet diameter) varied from 100 to 5000. The obtained convective heat transfer coefficient for different configuration was evaluated in context with pressure drop. The analysis of experimental results reveal that large open area ratio jets combined with high porosity metal foams provide highly efficient and high-performance cooling for the investigated range of Reynolds numbers.
Effects of the nematode
Litylenchus crenatae
subsp.
mccannii
and beech leaf disease on leaf fungal and bacterial communities on
Fagus grandifolia
(American beech)
Authors: Burke David J. , Carrino-Kyker Sarah R. , Hoke Adam J. , Galloway Emily , Martin Danielle , Chick Lacy 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Beech leaf disease (BLD) is a newly emerging disease in North America that affects American beech (
Fagus grandifolia
). It is increasingly recognized that BLD is caused by a subspecies of the anguinid nematode
Litylenchus crenatae
subsp.
mccannii
(hereafter
L. crenatae
)
,
which is likely native to East Asia. How nematode infestation of leaves affects the leaf microbiome and whether changes in the microbiome could contribute to BLD symptoms remain uncertain. In this study, we examined bacterial and fungal communities associated with the leaves of
F. grandifolia
across nine sites in Ohio and Pennsylvania that were either symptomatic or asymptomatic for BLD and used qPCR to measure relative nematode infestation levels. We found significantly higher levels of infestation at sites visibly symptomatic for BLD. Low levels of nematode infestation were also observed at asymptomatic sites, which suggests that nematodes can be present without visible symptoms evident. Bacterial and fungal communities were significantly affected by sampling site and symptomology, but only fungal communities were affected by nematode presence alone. We found many significant indicators of both bacteria and fungi related to symptoms of BLD, with taxa generally occurring in both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves, suggesting that microbes are not responsible for BLD but could act as opportunistic pathogens. Of particular interest was the fungal genus
Erysiphe,
which is common in the
Fagaceae
and is reported to overwinter in buds—a strategy consistent with
L. crenatae
. The specific role microbes play in opportunistic infection of leaves affected by
L. crenatae
will require additional study.

IMPORTANCE

Beech leaf disease (BLD) is an emerging threat to American beech (
Fagus grandifolia
) and has spread quickly throughout the northeastern United States and into southern Canada. This disease leads to disfigurement of leaves and is marked by characteristic dark, interveinal banding, followed by leaf curling and drop in more advanced stages. BLD tends to especially affect understory leaves, which can lead to substantial thinning of the forest understory where
F. grandifolia
is a dominant tree species. Understanding the cause of BLD is necessary to employ management strategies that protect
F. grandifolia
and the forests where it is a foundation tree species. Current research has confirmed that the foliar nematode
Litylenchus crenatae
subsp.
mccannii
is required for BLD, but whether other organisms are involved is currently unknown. Here, we present a study that investigated leaf-associated fungi and bacteria of
F. grandifolia
to understand more about how microorganisms may contribute to BLD.
Proceedings of the Clinical Microbiology Open 2023: discussions about pandemic preparedness
Authors: Powell Eleanor A. , Greninger Alexander L. , Marlowe Elizabeth M. , Naccache Samia N. , Doern Christopher D. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The 4th Clinical Microbiology Open (CMO) took place in Carlsbad, California, on 10 and 11 February 2023. This event facilitated discussion between clinical and public health laboratory directors, government agencies, and industry representatives from the companies that make up ASM’s Corporate Council. While many topics were discussed, much of the discussion focused on pandemic preparedness. There were four major questions addressed: (i) When is the perfect the enemy of good in pandemic testing? (ii) What other types of pathogens might cause another pandemic and how would this affect laboratory response? (iii) What research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of the pandemic response? (iv) What have we learned about the utility of self and at-home testing in future pandemics? This review serves as a summary of these discussions.
Chromosomal
qnrB19
-carrying
Escherichia coli
isolated from the stool sample of a community resident in Ecuador
Authors: Hoang Hoa Thi Thanh , Yamamoto Mayumi , Calvopina Manuel , Bastidas-Caldes Carlos , Yamamoto Yoshimasa 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We identified a chromosomal
qnrB19
gene within a transposon in a colistin-resistant
Escherichia coli
strain isolated from the stool sample of an Ecuadorian resident. This finding suggests a more stable acquisition of quinolone resistance on chromosomes than that on plasmids and the potential for propagation to other DNA structures.
Neoarchean granitoid magmatism and geodynamic process in the northeastern North China craton
Authors: Sun Guozheng , Liu Shuwen , Li Sanzhong , Bao Han , Wang Wei , Guo Rongrong , Fu Jinghao , Gao Lei , Hu Yalu , Wang Xi , Yu Shengyao , Dai Liming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The composition of Archean granitoid rocks changed from predominantly tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneisses in the early Archean (4–3 Ga) to diversified granitoid rock assemblages in the late Archean (3.0–2.5 Ga), marking a crucial transformation in the geodynamic processes of early Earth. However, the reason for this major transition remains enigmatic because the petrogenetic features of different granitoid assemblages and their crust-mantle interactions during different periods are poorly understood. We use variations in the spatial-temporal distribution, lithological association, chemical composition, and petrogenesis of Neoarchean (2.7–2.5 Ga) granitoids and inferred correlative crust-mantle interactions in the Eastern Liaoning Range (ELR) of the northeastern North China craton to explore this geodynamic transition. The early Neoarchean (ca. 2.7 Ga) ELR granitoids were dominated by TTG gneisses, and the late Neoarchean (2.6–2.5 Ga) ELR granitoid typology and compositions became more complex, changing into TTGs and more K2O-rich granitoid rocks. The TTGs can be subdivided into a high-Ca group and a low-Ca group: The 2.71–2.68 Ga high-Ca group TTG magma originated from partial melting of subducted juvenile oceanic crust, and the low-Ca group TTG magma was derived from fractionation crystallization of the high-Ca group TTG magma. The chemical composition of the magmatic sources played a dominant role on the 2.60–2.50 Ga TTG magmatism: the high-Ca and low-Ca group TTG magmas came from low-K mafic rocks and tonalites, respectively. The 2.58–2.49 Ga K2O-rich granitoids can be divided into three petrogenetic series: (1) The high-Ca-Mg group K2O-rich granitoid magma originated from partial melting of high-K mafic rocks, (2) the low-Ca-Mg group K2O-rich granitoid magma was derived from partial melting of sedimentary rocks, and (3) the transition group K2O-rich granitoid magma was sourced from metagreywackes. The 2.71–2.68 Ga TTGs were generated in an island arc belt, and subducted slab melting and subsequent magmatic differentiation were the dominant mechanisms of the TTG magmatism. The 2.60–2.50 Ga diversified granitoids were formed in the oceanic-continental subduction process under the active continental margin; the complicated oceanic slab subduction and arc-arc and arc-continent collisions contributed to the diversity of late Neoarchean granitoid magmatism.
Survival and unique clinical practices of extremely preterm infants born at 22–23 weeks’ gestation in Japan: a national survey
Authors: Isayama Tetsuya , Miyakoshi Kei , Namba Fumihiko , Hida Mariko , Morioka Ichiro , Ishii Keisuke , Miyashita Susumu , Uehara Shuichiro , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Suga Sachie , Nakahata Katsutoshi , Uchiyama Atsushi , Otsuki Katsufumi 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate prognosis and clinical practices of infants born at 22–23 weeks’ gestational age (wkGA) in Japan.DesignA national institutional-level electronic questionnaire surveys performed in September 2021.SettingAll perinatal centres across Japan.PatientsInfants born at 22–23 wkGA in 2018–2020.Main outcome measuresProportion of active resuscitation and survival at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge, and various clinical practices.ResultsIn total, 255 of 295 NICUs (86%) responded. Among them, 145 took care of infants born at 22–23 wkGA and answered the questions regarding their outcomes and care. In most NICUs (129 of 145 (89%)), infants born at 22+0wkGA can be actively resuscitated. In almost half of the NICUs (79 of 145 (54%)), infants born at ≥22+0wkGA were always actively resuscitated. Among 341 and 757 infants born alive at 22 and 23 wkGA, respectively, 85% (291 of 341) and 98% (745 of 757) received active resuscitation after birth. Among infants actively resuscitated at birth, 63% (183 of 291) and 80% (594 of 745) of infants born at 22 and 23 wkGA survived, respectively. The survey revealed unique clinical management for these infants in Japan, including delivery with caul in caesarean section, cut-cord milking after clamping cord, immediate intubation at birth, hydrocortisone use for chronic lung disease, analgesia/sedation use for infants on mechanical ventilation, routine echocardiography and brain ultrasound, probiotics administration, routine glycerin enema and skin dressing to prevent pressure ulcers.ConclusionsMany 22–23 wkGA infants were actively resuscitated in Japan and had a high survival rate. Various unique clinical practices were highlighted.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis with transient ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism
Authors: AlRubaish Fatima Abdullah , Gupta Nisha , Shi Meng Zhu , Christopoulos Stavroula 
Published: May 2024

A woman in her 70s with metastatic melanoma presenting with refractory hypokalaemia on combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, nivolumab–ipilimumab, was diagnosed with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent hypercortisolism 11 weeks following the initiation of her immunotherapy. Investigations also demonstrated central hypothyroidism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. She underwent imaging studies of her abdomen and brain which revealed normal adrenal glands and pituitary, respectively. She was started on levothyroxine replacement and had close pituitary function monitoring. Two weeks later, her cortisol and ACTH levels started to trend down. She finally developed secondary adrenal insufficiency and was started on hydrocortisone replacement 4 weeks thereafter.This report highlights a case of immunotherapy-related hypophysitis with well-documented transient central hypercortisolism followed, within weeks, by profound secondary adrenal insufficiency. Healthcare professionals should remain vigilant in monitoring laboratory progression in these patients. Early recognition of the phase of hypercortisolism and its likely rapid transformation into secondary adrenal insufficiency can facilitate timely hormonal replacement and prevent complications.
Health problems among elite Dutch youth long track speed skaters: a one-season prospective study
Authors: Hendricks Matthias , van de Water Alexander T M , Verhagen Evert 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo describe the frequency, type, and severity of health problems in long-track speed skating to inform injury prevention strategies.MethodsWe prospectively collected weekly health and sport exposure data on 84 highly trained Dutch athletes aged 15–21 years during the 2019/2020 season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire on Health Problems and the trainers’ documentation. We categorised health problems into acute or repetitive mechanisms of injury or illness and calculated incidences (per 1000 sports exposure hours), weekly prevalence and burden (days of time loss per 1000 sports exposure hours) related to the affected body region.ResultsWe registered 283 health problems (187 injuries, 96 illnesses), yielding an average weekly prevalence of health problems of 30.5% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.2%). Incidence rates were 2.0/1000 hours for acute mechanism injuries (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) and 3.2/1000 hours for illnesses (95% CI 2.6 to 3.9). For acute mechanism injuries the head, shoulder and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden of 5.6 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.5), 2.9 (95% CI 2.3 to 3.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively. For repetitive mechanism injuries, the knee, thoracic spine, lower leg and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden, with 11.0 (95% CI 9.8 to 12.2), 6.8 (95% CI 5.9 to 7.7), 3.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.6) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a high prevalence of acute and repetitive mechanism injuries in speed skating. These results can guide future research and priorities for injury prevention.
Effectiveness and safety of bridging therapy and endovascular therapy in patients with large cerebral infarctions: from ANGEL-ASPECT
Authors: Yuan Guangxiong , Zhang Jun , Ye Zekang , Sun Jingping , Huo Xiaochuan , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Peng Xiao , Zheng Chanjuan , Lei Xueyao , Miao Zhongrong , Cai Xueli 
Published: May 2024

Background and purposeThe benefits of thrombolytic therapy before endovascular thrombectomy in cases of acute ischaemic stroke, with a large infarction volume, remain unclear. This analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bridging therapy and endovascular therapy among patients with large cerebral infarctions.MethodsIn this post-hoc analysis of the multicentre prospective study of ANGEL-ASPECT (Acute Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusive Patients with a Large Infarct Core), participants were divided into two groups: an endovascular therapy group and a bridging therapy group. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. The primary safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to compare the primary endpoint between the two groups. Subgroup analyses were conducted to further explore potential risk factors associated with the outcomes.Results122 patients were included, of whom 77 (63%) underwent endovascular therapy and 45 (37%) underwent bridging therapy. The median scores on mRS at 90 days of the bridging therapy group and the endovascular therapy group were 3 (2–5) and 4 (2–6), with no significant differences (common OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.71 to 2.61). Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was reported in three patients who were in the endovascular and bridging therapy groups (relative risk (RR) 1.71; 95% CI 0.36 to 8.12). The mortality between two groups did not differ (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.37 to 1.54).ConclusionsOur study indicated that endovascular therapy alone might be a viable option for patients with large cerebral infarctions, displaying no noticeable disparity in outcomes compared with bridging therapy.
Different secure semi-quantum summation models without measurement
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Nanyijia , Ye Chongqiang , Bian Genqing , Li Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSecure semi-quantum summation entails the collective computation of the sum of private secrets by multi-untrustworthy and resource-limited participants, facilitated by a quantum third-party. This paper introduces three semi-quantum summation protocols based on single photons, where eliminating the need for classical users to possess measurement capabilities. Two-party protocol 1 and protocol 2 are structured upon different models: star and ring, respectively. The security analysis extensively evaluates the protocols’ resilience against outside and inside attacks, demonstrating protocols are asymptotically secure. Protocol 3 extends two-party protocol 1 to multi-party scenarios, broadening its applicability. Comparison reveals a reduction in the workload for classical users compared to previous similar protocols, and the protocols’ correctness are visually validated through simulation by Qiskit.