bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small‐scale dispersal and survival in a long‐lived seabird, the wandering albatross
Authors: Gauthier Gilles , Milot Emmanuel , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. Dispersal is a fundamental but still poorly known process in population dynamics and several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its patterns. We studied natal and breeding dispersal and survival in a long‐lived seabird, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulansL.), and examined several hypotheses concerning dispersal patterns in birds.2. We applied multi‐state capture–recapture models to a 36‐year data set (1969–2004) collected at three albatross colonies on Île de Possession, Crozet Islands. Because the species has biennial reproduction, we introduced unobservable states in the model to account for the absence of individuals in those years.3. Adults were highly faithful to their nesting colony but colony fidelity, as well as survival rate, differed slightly among colonies (fidelity ranged from 0·957 to 0·977). Breeding fidelity was highest in the colony where survival was lowest and individuals were not more likely to change colony following a failed breeding attempt than after a successful one. The colony that attracted most dispersers had the lowest density of nesting birds.4. Philopatry (the probability that young return to breed at a birth site) was generally high but variable among colonies (ranging from 0·70 to 0·92), and survival of young differed little. Philopatry was highest in the largest colony, where the availability of potential mates was presumably greatest. However, among dispersing individuals, the colony that had the lowest density of nesting individuals, not the largest colony, attracted the most recruits.5. Although size of the colony influenced the decision to stay or to leave in young, density was most influential in the selection of a new colony among both adult and young dispersers. Our results support the hypothesis that philopatry is the strategy favoured by most recruits and that conspecific attraction can explain variation in the level of philopatry among colonies but not settlement patterns among dispersing individuals.
The immunology of susceptibility and resistance to scabies
Authors: WALTON S. F. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe transmission of scabies occurs with the burrowing of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis mites into the skin. Infestation invariably leads to the development of localized cutaneous inflammation, pruritis and skin lesions. Classical transmission studies document an initial increase in S. scabiei numbers subsequent to primary infestation with a gradual reduction as host immunity develops. However, certain individuals fail to control infection and develop severe crusting of the skin, accompanied with extremely high mite burdens, elevated antibody levels and eosinophilia. These individuals have the nonhealing form of the human disease known as crusted scabies. The genetic predisposition for susceptibility or resistance to S. scabiei infection in humans is hypothesized to correlate with the dominance of an IgE‐driven Th2 response in severe disease or an interferon‐γ‐dominated Th1 response that promotes parasite control. However, recent data reveals complexities in cytokine regulation in the skin and the mechanisms of acquired resistance and immune escape. In this review, we consider the recent immunological and biomolecular advances in understanding the human host immune response to S. scabiei infestations in the context of earlier studies and attempt to reconcile apparent differences and emphasize those aspects of the Th1/Th2 model that are supported or refined.
Interference between maize and Xanthium strumarium or Datura stramonium
Authors: KARIMMOJENI H , RAHIMIAN MASHHADI H , ALIZADEH H M , COUSENS R D , BEHESHTIAN MESGARAN M 
Published: March 2010

Karimmojeni H, Rahimian Mashhadi H, Alizadeh HM, Cousens RD & Beheshtian Mesgaran M (2010). Interference between maize and Xanthium strumarium or Datura stramonium. Weed Research50, 253–261.Summary Xanthium strumarium and Datura stramonium are two of the most important weeds of maize in Iran. Their growth was compared in a field study conducted over 2 years. Relationships were derived between weed density and crop yield, yield components and various growth parameters. Yield, grain number ear−1 and grain weight were affected more by X. strumarium than by D. stramonium. Xanthium strumarium followed a pattern of growth resembling that of the maize, whereas D. stramonium continued growing for a longer period, mainly affecting maize during the grain‐filling period. A large portion of the loss in maize yield caused by X. strumarium could be explained by a reduction in grain number ear−1, whereas a greater portion of the maize yield loss from D. stramonium was explained by a reduction in grain weight. Weed biomass was greater for X. strumarium than for D. stramonium, whereas seed production was higher for D. stramonium. It is concluded that although X. strumarium should be given the highest priority for control in maize on the basis of its superior competitive ability, control of D. stramonium is also essential because of both its considerable competitiveness in the current crop and its long‐term effects resulting from its greater seed production.
Expression and release of IL‐29 by mast cells and modulation of mast cell behavior by IL‐29
Authors: He S. , Zhang H. , Chen H. , Yang H. , Huang T. , Chen Y. , Lin J. , Wang F. , Chen X. , Li T.‐L. , Yang P. 
Published: March 2010

To cite this article:He S, Zhang H, Chen H, Yang H, Huang T, Chen Y, Lin J, Wang F, Chen X, Li T‐L, Yang P. Expression and release of IL‐29 by mast cells and modulation of mast cell behavior by IL‐29.Allergy2010;65: 1234–1241.AbstractBackground: The role of interleukin (IL)‐29 in innate immunity has been recognized recently, and it is regarded as a potent bioactive molecule. However, little is known about its role in the pathogenesis of allergy. Because mast cells are recognized as primary effector cells of allergy, we investigated the potential relationship between IL‐29 and mast cells in this study.Objective: To examine the expression of IL‐29 in mast cells and the influence of IL‐29 on mast cell mediator release and accumulation.Methods: Expression of IL‐29 in mast cells was determined by double‐labeling immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analysis. Mast cell cell‐line was cultured to examine the mediator release, and mouse peritoneal model was employed to observe the mast cell accumulation.Results: Large proportions of mast cells expressing IL‐29 were localized in human tissue including the colon, tonsil and lung. Mast cells can release substantial quantity of IL‐29 upon challenge with proteolytic allergens. Extrinsic IL‐29 provoked IL‐4 and IL‐13 release from mast cell line P815 cells through PI3K/Akt and (JAK)/STAT3 signaling pathways, but failed to induce mast cell histamine release from human mast cells. Extrinsic IL‐29 also induced mast cell infiltration in mouse peritoneum by a CD18‐ and ICAM1‐dependent mechanism.Conclusion: Mast cell‐derived IL‐29 has the potential to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation.
Clinical evaluation of DFN3 patients with deletions in the POU3F4 locus and detection of carrier female using MLPA
Authors: Song MH , Lee HK , Choi JY , Kim S , Bok J , Kim U‐K 
Published: March 2010

Song MH, Lee HK, Choi JY, Kim S, Bok J, Kim U‐K. Clinical evaluation of DFN3 patients with deletions in the POU3F4 locus and detection of carrier female using MLPA.X‐linked deafness type 3 (DFN3), the most prevalent X‐linked form of hereditary deafness, is caused by mutations of the POU3F4 locus in the Xq21 region. We evaluated two Korean families showing typical characteristics of DFN3, such as congenital hearing loss and pathognomonic inner ear anomalies. Genetic analysis of these families did not reveal any mutations in the POU3F4 coding sequence. Instead, one family carried a genomic deletion upstream of POU3F4 gene, where the regulatory element is predicted to reside, and the other family possessed a deletion of almost the entire Xq21 region. The lack of mutation in the POU3F4 coding sequence makes the detection of carrier females using conventional sequencing methods difficult. By applying the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method, we successfully determined the carrier status of female members in these families, demonstrating that MLPA is a rapid and accurate way to detect POU3F4 deletions in sporadic undiagnosed carriers of DNF3.
Novel missense mutations in the ubiquitination‐related gene UBE2A cause a recognizable X‐linked mental retardation syndrome
Authors: Budny B , Badura‐Stronka M , Materna‐Kiryluk A , Tzschach A , Raynaud M , Latos‐Bielenska A , Ropers HH 
Published: March 2010

Budny B, Badura‐Stronka M, Materna‐Kiryluk A, Tzschach A, Raynaud M, Latos‐Bielenska A, Ropers HH. Novel missense mutations in the ubiquitination‐related gene UBE2A cause a recognizable X‐linked mental retardation syndrome.Recently, a truncating mutation of the UBE2A gene has been observed in a family with X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR) (1). The three affected males had similar phenotypes, including seizures, obesity, marked hirsutism and a characteristic facial appearance. Here, we report on two families with a total of seven patients and a clinically very similar syndromic form of XLMR. Linkage analysis was performed in the larger of these families, and screening several positional candidate genes revealed a G23R missense mutation in the UBE2A gene. Subsequent UBE2A screening of a phenotypically similar second family revealed another missense mutation, R11Q, again affecting an evolutionarily conserved amino acid close to the N‐terminus of the protein. SIFT and PolyPhen analyses suggest that both mutations are pathogenic, which is supported by their absence in 168 healthy controls. Thus, both missense and truncating mutations can give rise to a specific, syndromic form of XLMR which is identifiable in a clinical setting.
Ancient origin of the CTH alelle carrying the c.200C>T (p.T67I) variant in patients with cystathioninuria
Authors: Espinós C , García‐Cazorla A , Martínez‐Rubio D , Martínez‐Martínez E , Vilaseca MA , Pérez‐Dueñas B , Kožich V , Palau F , Artuch R 
Published: March 2010

Espinós C, García‐Cazorla A, Martínez‐Rubio D, Martínez‐Martínez E, Vilaseca MA, Pérez‐Dueñas B, Kožich V, Palau F, Artuch R. Ancient origin of the CTH alelle carrying the c.200C>T (p.T67I) variant in patients with cystathioninuria.Hereditary cystathioninuria is due to mutations in the CTH gene that encodes for cystathionase, a pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme. To date, mutations in this gene have been described in 10 unrelated cystathioninuric patients. Enzyme assays have showed that mutated cystathionase exhibits lower activity than controls. As cystathioninuria is usually accompanied by a wide variety of symptoms, it has been questioned whether it is a disease or just a biochemical finding not associated with the clinical picture of these patients. This is the first report of Spanish patients with cystathioninuria and mild to severe neurological symptoms in childhood. After oral pyridoxine therapy biochemical parameters have normalized but clinical amelioration was not evident. All patients were homozygotes for the c.200C>T (p.T67I) variant which is the most prevalent inactivating mutation in the CTH gene. To further investigate the history of the alleles carrying the c.200C>T transition in Europe, we also constructed the haplotypes on the CTH locus in our Spanish patients as well as in a clinical series of cystathioninuric patients from the Czech Republic harboring the same nucleotide change. We suggest that the CTH p.T67I substitution could have an ancient common origin, which probably occurred in the Neolithic Era and spread throughout Europe.
NEMO mutation as a cause of familial occurrence of Behçet's disease in female patients
Authors: Takada H , Nomura A , Ishimura M , Ichiyama M , Ohga S , Hara T 
Published: March 2010

Takada H, Nomura A, Ishimura M, Ichiyama M, Ohga S, Hara T. NEMO mutation as a cause of familial occurrence of Behçet's disease in female patients.Behçet's disease is a chronic, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) essential modulator (NEMO) that is required for the activation of NF‐κB plays an important role in inflammation. To investigate the role of NEMO in the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease, we analyzed NEMO gene and its expression pattern in tissues in a family with Behçet's disease. We found a heterozygous mutation (1217A> T, D406V) in a 6‐year‐old girl and her mother. Skewed X‐chromosome inactivation was not observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as in oral and intestinal mucosa of the patients. Accordingly, there was a significant proportion of peripheral blood monocytes that did not produce sufficient intracellular tumor necrosis factor‐α with the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. Heterozygous NEMO mutation is a cause of familial occurrence of Behçet's disease in female patients.
Ten‐yr results of the trans‐Atlantic kidney transplant airlift between the Dutch Caribbean and the Netherlands
Authors: Minnee Robert C. , Lardy Neubury , Ajubi Nouaf , Idu Mirza M. , Kock Romeo V. , Legemate Dink A. , van Donselaar‐van der Pant Karlijn A.M.I. , Bemelman Frederike J. 
Published: March 2010

Minnee RC, Lardy N, Ajubi N, Idu MM, Kock RV, Legemate DA, van Donselaar‐van der Pant KAMI, Bemelman FJ. Ten‐yr results of the trans‐Atlantic kidney transplant airlift between the Dutch Caribbean and the Netherlands.  Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 302–307. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The prevalence of end‐stage renal failure in Curaçao (Dutch Caribbean) is one of the highest in the world. In 1998, the St. Elisabeth Hospital started a unique trans‐Atlantic collaboration with the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and the Eurotransplant Foundation. The partnership aimed to achieve a structured transplantation program for patients in the Dutch Caribbean, who otherwise would need lifelong dialysis. This study is an analysis of the 10‐yr transplantation results of this trans‐Atlantic program. In 41 consecutive transplantations performed between January 1998 and April 2007, one‐yr graft survival and complication rates were retrospectively studied. Twenty‐four men and 17 women with a median age of 54 were transplanted. The median dialysis period prior to transplantation was 6.8 yr. The one‐yr graft survival rate was 69% (95% confidence interval: 52–80%). Initially 28 grafts functioned (68%); four grafts showed primary non‐function (10%) and delayed graft function developed in nine patients (22%). Ten recipients had 16 post‐operative complications. Our trans‐Atlantic program affords patients with end‐stage renal failure, who otherwise would need lifelong dialysis, a chance to be transplanted.
Primary HHV 6 infection after liver transplantation with acute graft rejection and multi‐organ failure: Successful treatment with a 2.5‐fold dose of cidofovir and reduction of immunosuppression
Authors: Dohna‐Schwake C. , Fiedler M. , Gierenz N. , Gerner P. , Ballauf A. , Breddemann A. , Läer S. , Baba H. A. , Hoyer P. F. 
Published: March 2010

Dohna‐Schwake C, Fiedler M, Gierenz N, Gerner P, Ballauf A, Breddemann A, Läer S, Baba H. A, Hoyer P. F. Primary HHV 6 infection after liver transplantation with acute graft rejection and multi‐organ failure: Successful treatment with a 2.5‐fold dose of cidofovir and reduction of immunosuppression.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E126–E129. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  HHV type 6 has been reported with enhanced pathogenicity in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report about a two‐yr‐old girl who experienced primary HHV 6 infection after liver transplantation. She clinically presented with graft rejection and necrotic hepatitis as well as high fever, pneumonitis with respiratory failure and a rash. Therapy with cidofovir of 5 mg/kg per wk did not show improvement, so that a full pharmacokinetic profile of cidofovir was performed. It demonstrated enhanced body weight normalized clearance of cidofovir and cidofovir dosage was augmented to 12 mg/kg per wk to reach adequate drug exposure. With additional reduction of immunosuppression, the patient dramatically improved and liver function stabilized.
Clonal erosion and genetic drift in cyclical parthenogens – the interplay between neutral and selective processes
Authors: VANOVERBEKE J. , DE MEESTER L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe occurrence of alternating phases of clonal and sexual reproduction may strongly impact the interplay between neutral and selective genetic variation in populations. Using a physiologically structured model of the life history ofDaphnia, we investigated to what extent clonal erosion associated with selection during the clonal phase affects the genetic structure as observed by neutral markers. Incorporating conservative levels of quantitative genetic variation at 11 physiological and life history traits induces strong clonal erosion, reducing clonal diversity (CD) near the end of the simulations (1000 days) to a level between 1 and 5, even in habitats with high initial CD (108clones). This strong clonal erosion caused by selection can result in reduced genetic diversity, significant excess of heterozygotes and significant genetic differentiation between populations as observed by neutral markers. Our results indicate that, especially in relatively small habitats, clonal selection may strongly impact the genetic structure and may contribute to the often observed high level of neutral genetic differentiation among natural populations of cyclical parthenogens.
A silenced allele in the Colton blood group system
Authors: Karpasitou K. , Frison S. , Longhi E. , Drago F. , Lopa R. , Truglio F. , Marini M. , Bresciani S. , Scalamogna M. , Poli F. 
Published: March 2010

Background  The antigens of the Colton blood group system, Coa and Cob, are encoded by a single gene that produces the aquaporin‐1 (AQP1) protein, a water channel‐forming protein, and are characterized by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). A healthy Caucasoid blood donor originally typed as Co(a−b−) with commercial anti‐Cob typed Co(a−b+) when retested with another anti‐Cob. Retyped with two different molecular biology methods, the sample came out Coa/Cob. With the aim of understanding these discrepancies, serological, cytometric and molecular biology tests were carried out.Methods  Absorption/elution studies with propositus red cells and controls were performed. The region spanning exon 1 to exon 4 of the Colton gene was sequenced, and flow cytometry analyses were carried out.Results  Absorption/elution studies showed the absence of Coa and a weak expression of Cob. DNA sequencing confirmed a CT heterozygosity at nucleotide position 134 (i.e. Coa/Cob), and an additional heterozygous CT was found at position 112. The presence of the Cob allele that encodes for the Cob antigen was confirmed. The new allele has the base cytosine at nucleotide 134 (Coa), in cis with the new nucleotide 112T. The nucleotide substitution 112C>T causes a missense mutation leading to an amino acid change from proline (CCG) to serine (TCG) at codon 38.Conclusion  The substitution found at codon 38 results in a modified AQP1 protein which explains the Co(a−b+) phenotype and possibly the weak expression of Cob.
Glycine maintains mitochondrial activity and bile composition following warm liver ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Sheth Hemant , Hafez Tariq , Glantzounis George K , Seifalian Alexander M , Fuller Barry , Davidson Brian R 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim: Experimental studies have shown protective effect by the non‐essential amino acid glycine to liver ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury but the mechanism of action is unknown.Methods: A rabbit model of hepatic lobar I/R was used. Three groups of animals (n = 6) were studied: Sham group (laparotomy alone), ischemia reperfusion (I/R) group (1 h of liver lobar ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion), and a glycine I/R group (intravenous glycine 5 mg/kg prior to the I/R protocol). Systemic and hepatic hemodynamics, degree of liver injury (bile flow, transaminases), hepatic microcirculation, mitochondrial activity (redox state of cytochrome oxidase), bile composition and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐8) were measured during the experiment.Results: Glycine administration increased portal blood flow, bile production, hepatic microcirculation and maintained cytochrome oxidase activity as compared with the I/R group during reperfusion. Glycine also reduced bile lactate surge and stimulated acetoacetate release in bile during reperfusion versus the I/R group. Cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐8) and hepatocellular injury (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) were significantly reduced by glycine administration.Conclusion: Intravenous glycine administration reduces liver warm I/R injury by reducing the systemic inflammatory response, and maintaining cellular energy production.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage of pelvic abscess without fluoroscopy guidance
Authors: Puri Rajesh , Eloubeidi Mohamad A , Sud Randhir , Kumar Mandhir , Jain Parvesh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Few case series are reported on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage of pelvic abscesses under fluoroscopy guidance. We hypothesized that EUS‐guided drainage of pelvic abscesses without fluoroscopy is an effective alternative to surgery in patients whose abscesses are not amenable to percutaneous drainage techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of EUS‐guided trans‐rectal/transcolonic drainage of pelvic abscess without fluoroscopy.Methods:  Fourteen consecutive patients with pelvic abscesses not amenable to percutaneous drainage underwent EUS‐guided drainage over a period of 22 months. Main outcome measures were the resolution of the pelvic abscess on repeat imaging and improved clinical symptoms.Results:  Fourteen consecutive patients were enrolled. EUS‐guided aspiration was performed in three patients. In two patients, dilatation and aspiration was performed, while trans‐rectal stent was placed in nine patients. All patients became afebrile within 72 h. Stent was removed in all patients, after confirming the resolution of the abscess on repeat computed tomography after 7 days. One patient in whom only aspiration was done had recurrence of fever and abscess on the seventh day and was treated by surgical drainage. A follow‐up EUS done in 13 of the patients after 3 months revealed no recurrence, and all patients were asymptomatic at 6 months. The procedure was uneventful in all patients.Conclusion:  Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage without fluoroscopy is a safe and effective modality of treatment for pelvic abscesses not amenable to radiologically guided drainage, thus reducing the need for surgical intervention.