bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing data-based indicators across upwelling and comparable systems for communicating ecosystem states and trends
Authors: Shannon Lynne J. , Coll Marta , Yemane Dawit , Jouffre Didier , Neira Sergio , Bertrand Arnaud , Diaz Erich , Shin Yunne-Jai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractShannon, L. J., Coll, M., Yemane, D., Jouffre, D., Neira, S., Bertrand, A., Diaz, E., and Shin, Y-J. 2010. Comparing data-based indicators across upwelling and comparable systems for communicating ecosystem states and trends. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 807–832. A suite of ecological indicators was selected for communicating, in a comparable way, how fishing affects the state of several upwelling ecosystems and others in which small pelagic fish play key ecological roles. Detailed background and understanding of system-specific processes and changes is needed for proper interpretation of results. In particular, environmental forcing is important in driving dynamics in upwelling systems; fishing impacts cannot be understood without understanding the corresponding dynamics of the environment. The Saharan Coastal (Morocco) and southern Benguela, both having experienced upsurges in low-trophic-level species, differed from other ecosystems when considering indicator trends. The ecosystem off Portugal emerged as showing reduced signs of fishing impacts in recent years, although the change may also be reflecting climate change favouring recruitment and abundance of demersal stocks. The indicator suite confirmed general understanding that the Mediterranean ecosystems have been notably degraded for several decades. Results and conclusions from this descriptive synthesis are compared with other comparisons of more complex, model-derived indicators. Even in upwelling and comparable systems, the simple data-based indicators are useful in synthesizing information on the status of an ecosystem, in particular on the ecosystem effects of fishing, to provide an ecological diagnosis at the ecosystem level, to be used in decision-making. Indicators of recent ecosystem state and trends over time are needed to assess the effects of fishing, but more indicators measuring biodiversity attributes and environmental change would complement the suite, providing fuller assessment of the status of upwelling and comparable ecosystems.
A PIP1 Aquaporin Contributes to Hydrostatic Pressure-Induced Water Transport in Both the Root and Rosette of Arabidopsis
Authors: Postaire Olivier , Tournaire-Roux Colette , Grondin Alexandre , Boursiac Yann , Morillon Raphaël , Schäffner Anton R. , Maurel Christophe 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across plant cell membranes. In this work, we used a combination of pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches to investigate the overall significance of aquaporins for tissue water conductivity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We addressed the function in roots and leaves of AtPIP1;2, one of the most abundantly expressed isoforms of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein family. At variance with the water transport phenotype previously described in AtPIP2;2 knockout mutants, disruption of AtPIP1;2 reduced by 20% to 30% the root hydrostatic hydraulic conductivity but did not modify osmotic root water transport. These results document qualitatively distinct functions of different PIP isoforms in root water uptake. The hydraulic conductivity of excised rosettes (Kros) was measured by a novel pressure chamber technique. Exposure of Arabidopsis plants to darkness increased Kros by up to 90%. Mercury and azide, two aquaporin inhibitors with distinct modes of action, were able to induce similar inhibition of Kros by approximately 13% and approximately 25% in rosettes from plants grown in the light or under prolonged (11–18 h) darkness, respectively. Prolonged darkness enhanced the transcript abundance of several PIP genes, including AtPIP1;2. Mutant analysis showed that, under prolonged darkness conditions, AtPIP1;2 can contribute to up to approximately 20% of Kros and to the osmotic water permeability of isolated mesophyll protoplasts. Therefore, AtPIP1;2 can account for a significant portion of aquaporin-mediated leaf water transport. The overall work shows that AtPIP1;2 represents a key component of whole-plant hydraulics.
Resource availability and the persistence of seed‐eating bird populations in agricultural landscapes : a mechanistic modelling approach
Authors: Butler Simon J. , Mattison Elizabeth H.A. , Glithero Neryssa J. , Robinson Lynsey J. , Atkinson Philip W. , Gillings Simon , Vickery Juliet A. , Norris Ken 
Published: December 2009

Summary 1.  Reductions in resource availability, associated with land‐use change and agricultural intensification in the UK and Europe, have been linked with the widespread decline of many farmland bird species over recent decades. However, the underlying ecological processes which link resource availability and population trends are poorly understood. 2.  We construct a spatial depletion model to investigate the relationship between the population persistence of granivorous birds within the agricultural landscape and the temporal dynamics of stubble field availability, an important source of winter food for many of those species. 3.  The model is capable of accurately predicting the distribution of a given number of finches and buntings amongst patches of different stubble types in an agricultural landscape over the course of a winter and assessing the relative value of different landscapes in terms of resource availability. 4.  Sensitivity analyses showed that the model is relatively robust to estimates of energetic requirements, search efficiency and handling time but that daily seed survival estimates have a strong influence on model fit. Understanding resource dynamics in agricultural landscapes is highlighted as a key area for further research. 5.
There was a positive relationship between the predicted number of bird days supported by a landscape over‐winter and the breeding population trend for yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, a species for which survival has been identified as the primary driver of population dynamics, but not for linnet Carduelis cannabina, a species for which productivity has been identified as the primary driver of population dynamics. 6.
Synthesis and applications. We believe this model can be used to guide the effective delivery of over‐winter food resources under agri‐environment schemes and to assess the impacts on granivorous birds of changing resource availability associated with novel changes in land use. This could be very important in the future as farming adapts to an increasingly dynamic trading environment, in which demands for increased agricultural production must be reconciled with objectives for environmental protection, including biodiversity conservation.
Nonlinear selection and the evolution of variances and covariances for continuous characters in an anole
Authors: REVELL L. J. , MAHLER D. L. , SWEENEY J. R. , SOBOTKA M. , FANCHER V. E. , LOSOS J.B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pattern of genetic variances and covariances among characters, summarized in the additive genetic variance‐covariance matrix,G, determines how a population will respond to linear natural selection. However,Gitself also evolves in response to selection. In particular, we expect that, over time,Gwill evolve correspondence with the pattern of multivariate nonlinear natural selection. In this study, we substitute the phenotypic variance‐covariance matrix (P) forGto determine if the pattern of multivariate nonlinear selection in a natural population ofAnolis cristatellus, an arboreal lizard from Puerto Rico, has influenced the evolution of genetic variances and covariances in this species. Although results varied among our estimates ofPand fitness, and among our analytic techniques, we find significant evidence for congruence between nonlinear selection andP, suggesting that natural selection may have influenced the evolution of genetic constraint in this species.
Crack initiation and endurance limit of a hard steel under multiaxial cyclic loads
Authors: BOMAS H. , BACHER‐HOECHST M. , KIENZLER R. , KUNOW S. , LOEWISCH G. , MUEHLEDER F. , SCHROEDER R. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe endurance limit and the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation in the high‐cycle regime were investigated using round specimens of the bearing steel SAE 52100 in a bainitic condition under longitudinal forces, torsional moments and combinations of these loads. Three specimen types were examined: smooth specimens and specimens with circumferential notches with radii of 1.0 and 0.2 mm. The surfaces of the specimens including the notches were ground resulting in compressive residual stresses in the near‐surface region. The influence of mean and multiaxial stresses on the endurance limit can be understood by consideration of crack initiation mechanisms and micromechanics. Crack initiation occurred at oxides, carbonitrides and at the surface. The oxides had little adhesion to the bainitic matrix and acted like pores. The carbonitrides were well bonded to the matrix and caused stress concentrations due to their higher elastic modulus when compared to that of the matrix. The mechanisms of crack initiation could be related to the load type: loads with rotating principal stresses cause more damage for nitrides than for oxides. Increasing maximum stresses are more dangerous for nitrides than for oxides, and damage the surface more than the nitrides. Normal stresses produce more damage for oxides than shear stresses. The endurance limits were calculated by means of an extended weakest‐link model which combines volume and surface crack initiation with individual fatigue criteria. For volume crack initiation, the criterion of Dang Van was used. For the correct description of the surface crack initiation, a criterion proposed by Bomas, Mayr and Linkewitz was applied. With this concept, a prediction of the endurance limit is possible. The influence of the notch geometry on the endurance limit is well characterized.
In vivo labelling of hippocampal β‐amyloid in triple‐transgenic mice with a fluorescent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor released from nanoparticles
Authors: Härtig Wolfgang , Kacza Johannes , Paulke Bernd‐Reiner , Grosche Jens , Bauer Ute , Hoffmann Anke , Elsinghorst Paul W. , Gütschow Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe drastic loss of cholinergic projection neurons in the basal forebrain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and drugs most frequently applied for the treatment of dementia include inhibitors of the acetylcholine‐degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This protein is known to act as a ligand of β‐amyloid (Aβ) in senile plaques, a further neuropathological sign of AD. Recently, we have shown that the fluorescent, heterodimeric AChE inhibitor PE154 allows for the histochemical staining of cortical Aβ plaques in triple‐transgenic (TTG) mice with age‐dependent β‐amyloidosis and tau hyperphosphorylation, an established animal model for aspects of AD. In the present study, we have primarily demonstrated the targeting of Aβ‐immunopositive plaques with PE154 in vivo for 4 h up to 1 week after injection into the hippocampi of 13–20‐month‐old TTG mice. Numerous plaques, double‐stained for PE154 and Aβ‐immunoreactivity, were revealed by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy. Additionally, PE154 targeted hippocampal Aβ deposits in aged TTG mice after injection of carboxylated polyglycidylmethacrylate nanoparticles delivering the fluorescent marker in vivo. Furthermore, biodegradable core‐shell polystyrene/polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles were found to be suitable, alternative vehicles for PE154 as a useful in vivo label of Aβ. Moreover, we were able to demonstrate that PE154 targeted Aβ, but neither phospho‐tau nor reactive astrocytes surrounding the plaques. In conclusion, nanoparticles appear as versatile carriers of AChE inhibitors and other promising drugs for the treatment of AD.
Different responses to interferon beta‐1b treatment in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Uzawa A. , Mori M. , Hayakawa S. , Masuda S. , Kuwabara S. 
Published: December 2009

Background:  Although the benefit of treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is firmly established, whether interferon beta‐1b (IFNB‐1b) therapy is efficacious for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has been debated.Methods:  We reviewed the responses to IFNB‐1b treatment in 18 patients with relapsing NMO and compared the results with those from 38 patients with relapsing–remitting MS. We compared clinical characteristics, the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and the probability of being relapse free before and after IFNB‐1b treatment in patients with NMO and MS.Results:  The proportion of patients with more than 50% increase in the ARR after IFNB‐1b treatment was much higher in NMO than in MS (P = 0.046). ARR was significantly lower in patients with MS after IFNB‐1b administration than before (P = 0.015), but not in NMO. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank statistical analyses revealed that relapse‐free rates were lower in NMO than MS after IFNB‐1b treatment (P = 0.032). The analyses also showed lower relapse‐free rates during the pre‐IFNB‐1b treatment period than the post‐IFNB‐1b treatment period in MS (P < 0.001), but not in NMO.Conclusion:  IFNB‐1b treatment does not appear to be effective for preventing relapse in NMO likely because of differences between the immune‐pathogenesis of NMO and MS.
Prophylactic Etoricoxib Is Effective in Preventing Yom Kippur Headache: A Placebo‐Controlled Double‐Blind and Randomized Trial of Prophylaxis for Ritual Fasting Headache
Authors: Drescher Michael J. , Alpert Evan A. , Zalut Todd , Torgovicky Rafael , Wimpfheimer Zev 
Published: December 2009

(Headache 2010;50:1328‐1334)Background.— Religious fasting is associated with headache. This has been documented as “Yom Kippur Headache” and “First‐of‐Ramadan Headache.” Rofecoxib (Vioxx®), a cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) inhibitor with a 17‐hour half‐life, has been shown to be effective in preventing fasting headache when taken just prior to the 25‐hour Yom Kippur fast. Unfortunately for fasters rofecoxib is no longer available. We hypothesized that etoricoxib, another Cox‐2 inhibitor with a longer half‐life, would also be effective in preventing fasting headache.Methods.— We performed a double‐blind randomized prospective trial of etoricoxib 120 mg vs placebo, taken just prior to the onset of fasting, Yom Kippur 2008. Healthy adults aged 18‐65 years were enrolled from the community. Subjects completed a demographic data form and questions regarding headache history and a post‐fast survey on headache during the fast. We compared incidence, time of onset and intensity of headache, general ease of fasting, and side effects in control and treatment groups.Results.— We enrolled 211 patients and 195 completed the post‐fast questionnaire (92%). Of those subjects receiving etoricoxib (n = 99), 36 or 36.4% vs 65 or 67.7% of the placebo group (n = 96) developed any headache during the fast (P < .0001). Median severity of headache in the treatment group was significantly lower for the treatment group (3.0 vs 5.0 on a visual analog scale of 10; P = .024). Also, participants in the treatment group reported an easier fast than the placebo group, as compared with previous fasting experience (4.0 vs 3.5 on a scale of 1‐5; P < .0001).Conclusion.— Etoricoxib 120 mg taken prior to a 25‐hour ritual fast decreases incidence of and attenuates fasting headache. NCT number is NCTT00752921.
Resolution of Menstrually Related Migraine Following Aggressive Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Smitherman Todd A. , Kolivas Elizabeth D. 
Published: December 2009

(Headache 2010;50:485‐496)Hormonal influences associated with the female menstrual cycle play strong roles in both migraine and particular types of breast cancer, but there is limited literature on the effects of breast cancer treatment regimens in women with migraine. The present case describes resolution of menstrually related migraine following aggressive treatment for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, single radical mastectomy, and locoregional radiation therapy) that was maintained with supplemental treatment using tamoxifen, an anti‐estrogenic agent. This novel case is presented to stimulate further research into the hormonal mechanisms underlying migraine.
Nationalism Reconsidered: The Local/Trans‐local Nexus of Globalisation
Authors: Halperin Sandra 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe emergence and generalisation of the nation‐state model was a product of an earlier phase of capitalist globalisation and the resulting dualistic process of expansion that, throughout the world, worked to increase the cultural distance between cities and their surrounding hinterlands. This dualism had a simultaneous globalising and localising dynamic: it linked together the upper strata of communities around the world in a trans‐local system of trade and inter‐cultural exchange; but, by restricting access to the material and cultural products generated by this system, it simultaneously reinforced a separate set of conditions of life for the wider local population. It was in the context of both the mobilisation of labour forces and the increasingly different systems for trans‐local and local interests and actors that dominant groups began to assert the national idea as a means of providing a new basis and cultural framework for social cohesion and order.
Imagining Ourselves Beyond the Nation? Exploring Cosmopolitanism in Relation to Media Coverage of Distant Suffering
Authors: Kyriakidou Maria 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMajor humanitarian crises and disasters broadcasted around the world are often accompanied by an upsurge of global reactions and outpouring of aid pledges. As such, they become symbolic of a ‘global community’ and ‘cosmopolitan solidarity’. The present paper examines this kind of cosmopolitanism and the role of the media in its construction, providing an empirical dimension to a hitherto largely theoretical discussion. Drawing upon focus group discussions with audience members in Greece, the paper will explore how media disasters are being experienced by audiences and the ways this experience is implicated in their perceptions of the world and their place in it. Focusing on the constant interplay between cosmopolitan and national discourses in participants' responses, it will be argued that cosmopolitanism and nationalism cannot be sharply juxtaposed, but cosmopolitanism is often framed through the national.
Movement behaviour of adult western toads in a fragmented, forest landscape
Authors: Deguise Isabelle , Richardson John S. 
Published: December 2009

Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the best documented explanations for the dramatic declines amphibians are experiencing globally. The western toad ( Anaxyrus boreas (Baird and Girard, 1852)) is an IUCN red-listed species whose distribution range has been significantly affected by habitat modification. We used radiotelemetry to follow daily, postbreeding movement patterns of 23 adult male toads in a fragmented landscape near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, composed of forest patches and small, recent clearcuts (~5 ha). Results showed that toads in forests oriented towards edges of clearcuts from at least as far as 150 m. Greater than 60% of toads released in forest patches chose to enter the clearcuts from adjacent forests, indicating high boundary permeability. Net displacement distance was not significantly reduced in these clearcuts; however, movement rates were significantly lower on clearcuts than in forest. This indicates that there is no structural impediment to movements; however, there still could be fitness consequences or an interaction with summer weather. Toads also used roads for their movement more frequently than at random relative to their area. These results suggest that the western toad’s movements may not be negatively affected by small-scale forest harvesting at our latitude during the spring.
INTERSECTIONS OF SELF-GRAVITATING CHARGED SHELLS IN A REISSNER–NORDSTROM FIELD
Authors: PIZZI M. , PAOLINO A. 
Published: December 2009

We describe the equation of motion of two charged spherical shells with tangential pressure in the field of a central Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) source. We solve the problem of determining the motion of the two shells after the intersection by solving the related Einstein–Maxwell equations and by imposing a physical continuity condition on the shells' velocities. In addition, we consider four applications: post-Newtonian and ultrarelativistic approximations, a test-shell case, and the ejection mechanism of one shell. This work is a direct generalization of Barkov–Belinski–Bisnovati–Kogan paper.
7th workshop on large-scale distributed systems for information retrieval (LSDS-IR'09)
Authors: Lucchese Claudio , Skobeltsyn Gleb , Yee Wai Gen 
Published: December 2009

Due to the dramatically increasing amount of available data, effective and scalable solutions for data organization and search are essential. Distributed solutions naturally provide promising alternatives to standard centralized approaches. With the computational power of thousands or millions of computers in clusters or peer-to-peer systems, the challenges that arise are manifold, ranging from efficient resource discovery to issues in load balancing and distributed query processing.
The 2009 edition of the Workshop on Large-Scale Distributed Systems for Information Retrieval (LSDS-IR'09) provided a forum for researchers to discuss these problems and to define new directions in research on Distributed Information Retrieval. The Workshop program featured research contributions in the areas of collection selection, similarity search, index compression, distributed indexing, query processing, distributed computing, and network formation. In addition, there were two industry talks on large scale Web search and distributed computing.
Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption in Humans Is Independently Associated With Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
Authors: Barr Taura L. , Latour Lawrence L. , Lee Kyung-Yul , Schaewe Timothy J. , Luby Marie , Chang George S. , El-Zammar Ziad , Alam Shaista , Hallenbeck John M. , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Warach Steven 
Published: December 2009

Background and Purpose—Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) may play a role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption after ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that plasma concentrations of MMP-9 are associated with a marker of BBB disruption in patients evaluated for acute stroke.Methods—Patients underwent MRI on presentation and ≈24 hours later. The MRI marker, termed hyperintense acute reperfusion injury marker (HARM), is gadolinium enhancement of cerebrospinal fluid on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Plasma MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression models tested for predictors of HARM on 24-hour follow-up scans separately for MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9 to TIMP-1.Results—For the 41 patients enrolled, diagnoses were: acute ischemic cerebrovascular syndrome, 33 (80.6%); intracerebral hemorrhage, 6 (14.6%); stroke mimic, 1 (2.4%); and no stroke, 1 (2.4%). HARM was present in 17 (41.5%) patients. In model 1, HARM was associated with baseline plasma MMP-9 concentration (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.019;P=0.033). In model 2, HARM was associated with the ratio of MMP-9 to tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (OR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.27–19.14;P=0.021).Conclusions—Baseline MMP-9 was a significant predictor of HARM at 24-hour follow-up, supporting the hypothesis that MMP-9 is associated with BBB disruption. If the association between MMP-9 and BBB disruption is confirmed in future studies, HARM may be a useful imaging marker to evaluate MMP-9 inhibition in ischemic stroke and other populations with BBB disruption.