bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetics during proton transfer process in hydrated zündel ion complex
Authors: Meraj Gulafroz , Naganathappa Mahadevappa , Chaudhari Ajay 
Published: May 2011

AbstractZündel ion (H5O) is one of the two important structures formed during the proton transfer process in aqueous system. This work reports microsolvation of Zündel ion using density functional theory based B3LYP method with aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis set. Interaction of Zündel ion with four water molecules in its first solvation shell is studied using many‐body analysis approach. A change in many‐body energies and their contribution to the binding energy of a complex during the proton transfer process from donor to acceptor water molecule in Zündel ion‐4H2O complex is obtained. For the hydrated Zündel ion complex, the contribution from total two‐body, three‐body, four‐body, five‐body, and relaxation energy to the binding energy is 84.7, 14, 6.87, 1.6, and 4%, respectively, at B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Relaxation energy and total five‐body energy have repulsive contribution to the binding energy of a hydrated Zündel ion complex. It is found that the relaxation energy and binding energy of a Zündel‐4H2O complex is the maximum and minimum, respectively, when a shared proton is at equal distance from oxygen atom of donor and acceptor water molecules. A significant change in two‐body, three‐body, and four‐body energies for which Zündel ion is one of the many‐body terms is observed during the proton transfer process. A change in total two‐body, total three‐body, total four‐body, and relaxation energy is about 2.6, 1.8, 0.4, and 1.1%, respectively, during the proton transfer process. A change in two‐body, three‐body, and four‐body interaction energies between water molecules is very small during the proton transfer process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012
Linear temporal logic vehicle routing with applications to multi‐UAV mission planning
Authors: Karaman S. , Frazzoli E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMissions with high combinatorial complexity involving several logical and temporal constraints often arise in cooperative control of multiple Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles. In this paper, we propose a new class of problems that generalizes the standard Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) by addressing complex tasks and constraints on the mission, called the ‘mission specifications’, expressed in a high‐level specification language. In the generalized problem setup, these mission specifications are naturally specified using the Linear Temporal Logic language LTL−X. Using a novel systematic procedure, the LTL−Xspecification is converted to a set of constraints suitable to a Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation, which in turn can be incorporated into two widely‐used MILP formulations of the standard VRP. Solving the resulting MILP provides an optimal plan that satisfies the given mission specification. The paper also presents two mission planning applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND APPORTIONMENT OF POLLUTION SOURCES OF TIGRIS RIVER (TURKEY) USING MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES—A CASE STUDY
Authors: Varol M. , Gökot B. , Bekleyen A. , Şen B. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThe Tigris is one of the most important transboundary rivers in western Asia and originates in the Toros mountains of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), were applied for the evaluation of temporal/spatial variations and the interpretation of a water quality data set for the Tigris River, which was obtained during 1 year of monitoring. This study presents the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation and interpretation of complex water quality data sets and apportionment of pollution sources/factors to obtain better information about water quality and the design of a monitoring network for the effective management of water resources. Hierarchical CA grouped 12 months into two periods (the first and second periods) and classified seven monitoring sites into three groups, that is, less polluted sites, medium polluted sites and highly polluted sites, based on similarities in the water quality characteristics. PCA/FA identified five factors in the data structure, which explained 77.5% of the total variance of the data set. This allowed us to group the selected parameters according to common features and to evaluate the influence of each group on the overall variation in water quality. Varifactors obtained from the factor analysis indicated that the parameters responsible for water quality variation were mainly related to soluble salts (natural), organic pollution and nutrients (anthropogenic). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Experiments” and the inquiry emphasis conflation in science teacher education
Authors: Gyllenpalm Jakob , Wickman Per‐Olof 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis article examines the use and role of the term “experiment” in science teacher education as described by teacher students. Data were collected through focus group interviews conducted at seven occasions with 32 students from six well‐known Swedish universities. The theoretical framework is a sociocultural and pragmatist perspective on language and learning with the analysis based on the notion of pivot terms, introduced in an earlier article, to operationalize language use as habit and mediated action. The term “experiment” was found to be conflated with “laboratory task” and referred to as primarily a pedagogical activity in contrast to a research methodology, in line with the previously described inquiry emphasis conflation. The notion of “controlled experiment” was unfamiliar to most students and had not been explicitly discussed in terms of research methodology during their teacher education. The pedagogical meaning given to the term “experiment” is discussed in contrast to its use and function in scientific research. The possible problems of this conflation of terms are discussed in relation to the educational goal of teaching students about the nature of scientific inquiry. Recommendations for teacher education are discussed, and a heuristic model to use pivot terms to facilitate explicit reflection on unexamined customs of science education is introduced. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed95:908–926, 2011
Effects of exogenous methionine on arsenic burden and NO metabolism in brain of mice exposed to arsenite through drinking water
Authors: Zhao Fenghong , Wang Yan , Jin Yaping , Zhong Yuan , Yu Xiaoyun , Li Gexin , Lv Xiuqiang , Sun Guifan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of exogenous methionine (Met) on arsenic burden and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite via drinking water. Mice were exposed to sodium arsenite through drinking water contaminated with 50 mg/L arsenic for four consecutive weeks, and treated intraperitoneally with saline solution, 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w), 200 mg/kg b.w or 400 mg/kg b.w of Met, respectively at the fourth week. Levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (MMAs), and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAs) in the liver, blood and brain were determined by method of hydride generation coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities and NO levels in the brain were determined by colorimetric method. Compared with mice exposed to arsenite alone, administration of Met increased significantly the primary methylation ratio in the liver, which resulted in decrease of percent iAs and increase of percent DMAs in the liver, and decrease of iAs, MMAs and total arsenic levels (TAs) in the blood and DMAs and TAs in the brain. NOS activities and NO levels in the brain of mice exposed to arsenite alone were significantly lower than those in control, however administration of Met could increase significantly NO levels. Findings from this study suggested that exogenous Met could benefit the primary arsenic methylation in the liver, which might increase the production of methylated arsenicals and facilitate arsenic excretion. As a consequence, arsenic burden in both blood and brain was reduced, and toxic effects on NO metabolism in the brain were ameliorated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2012.
Mechanical and thermal properties of chitosan‐filled polypropylene composites: The effect of acrylic acid
Authors: Husseinsyah Salmah , Amri Faisal , Husin Kamarudin , Ismail Hanafi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal properties of chitosan‐filled polypropylene (PP) composites have been studied. The effect of the chemical modification of chitosan by acrylic acid treatment was also investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased but that the Young's modulus of the composites increased with increasing filler loading. Chemical modification of chitosan with acrylic acid improved the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the composites but reduced the elongation at break. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of chitosan improved the thermal stability of the PP/chitosan composites as compared to that of neat PP. Chemical modification of chitosan had a positive effect on the thermal stability of the composites. This change was attributed to improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the chitosan and PP matrix due to formation of a covalent bond between chitosan and acrylic acid. Meanwhile, differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed that the addition of filler did not significantly change the melting temperature (Tm) of the PP/chitosan composites. The degree of crystallinity of the composites decreased with the addition of chitosan. At a similar chitosan loading, the chemically treated PP/chitosan composites exhibited higher crystallinity than the untreated composites and exhibited slightly increased Tm. A scanning electron microscopy study of the tensile fracture surface of chemically treated PP/chitosan composites indicated that the presence of acrylic acid increased the interfacial interaction between chitosan and the polypropylene matrix. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and Characterization of Triphenyltin(IV) Carboxylates with Isophthalic Acid and Benzoic Acid Derivatives: X‐ray Crystal Structures of 1D Supramolecular Chains
Authors: Liu Chunling , Li Wenjie , Du Dafeng , Zhu Dongsheng , Xu Lin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction of triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide with the isophthalic acid and benzoic acid derivatives, 5‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐isoindol‐2‐yl)‐isophthalic acid (H2L1) and 4‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐isoindol‐2‐yl)‐benzoic acid (HL2) yielded the complexes [(SnPh3)2L1] (1) and [(SnPh3)L2] (2). All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the supramolecular structures of 1 and 2 are found to consist of 1D molecular chains built up by intermolecular C–H···O hydrogen bonds. Their thermal stabilities were also investigated.
A Hoare logic for linear systems
Authors: Arthan Rob , Martin Ursula , Oliva Paulo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We consider reasoning about linear systems expressed as block diagrams that give a graphical representation of a system of differential equations or recurrence equations. We use the notion of additive relation borrowed from homological algebra to give a convenient framework in which all diagrams have a semantic value. We give a sound system of Hoare-style rules for the block diagram constructors that singles out a tractable subset of the block diagram language in which all diagrams represent total functions. We show these rules in action on some simple examples from a variety of applications domains.
Review of the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Type I Gastric Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Zhang Linda , Ozao Junko , Warner Richard , Divino Celia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGastric carcinoid tumors comprise 7% of all gastrointestinal carcinoids and have significantly increased in incidence over the past few decades. Seventy to 80% of gastric carcinoids are type I, which usually are clinically asymptomatic and found incidentally at endoscopic evaluation for abdominal pain or anemia. In this review, advances in understanding the pathophysiology of type I gastric carcinoid are highlighted. In addition, various current diagnostic and treatment options are discussed. Although type I carcinoids generally hold a benign course, rigorous investigation is needed to ensure accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. This includes appropriate diagnostic procedures and imaging and accurate staging of tumor. Tumor size, depth of invasion, presence of metastasis, and the tumor’s gastrin dependency dictate treatment options. Appropriate treatments can consist of endoscopic resection, antrectomy, medical management, or frequent follow‐up. This article provides a systematic method of evaluating and treating type I gastric carcinoid.
What influences clinician’s satisfaction with radiology services?
Authors: Lindsay Richard , McKinstry Steven , Vallely Stephen , Thornbury Gail 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Aim
PACS and teleradiology systems have led to marked changes in the traditional relationship between referring clinicians and hospital radiology departments. The aim of this study was to assess which factors influence clinicians’ satisfaction with modern radiology services.

Method
An Internet-based survey questionnaire was sent to all referring clinicians within a large hospital network.

Results
Fifty-eight percent of 316 clinicians responded to the survey. Seventy percent felt PACS installation had improved reporting time, and 56% felt it had improved working patterns for medical staff. Approachability of radiologists was the only factor significantly associated with increased satisfaction (p = 8 × 10–8). A number of factors were found to be significantly associated with the perceived value of radiology reports, and these are discussed. An increase in clinicians’ confidence in their own radiological skills was not associated with a decrease in the value they placed on radiology reports.

Conclusion
The only factor significantly associated with improved clinician satisfaction was the availability of an approachable radiology service. Availability of PACS did not appear to undermine the value placed on radiology reports.
Global weak solutions for a modified two-component Camassa–Holm equation
Authors: Guan Chunxia , Yin Zhaoyang 
Published: May 2011

We obtain the existence of global-in-time weak solutions for the Cauchy problem of a modified two-component Camassa–Holm equation. The global weak solution is obtained as a limit of viscous approximation. The key elements in our analysis are the Helly theorem and some a priori one-sided supernorm and space–time higher integrability estimates on the first-order derivatives of approximation solutions.

Résumé
Nous obtenons lʼexistence globale en temps de solutions faibles pour le problème de Cauchy dʼune équation modifiée Camassa–Holm à deux composantes. La solution faible globale est obtenue comme une limite de par approximation visqueuse. Les éléments clé dans notre analyse sont le théorème de Helly et certaines estimations a priori de supernorme dʼun seul côté et dʼintégrabilité dans lʼespace-temps des dérivées premières des solutions approchées.
Abdominal hyperalgesia in secretory phospholipase A2‐induced rat pancreatitis: Distinct roles of NK1 receptors
Authors: Camargol Enilton A. , Zanonil Cristiane I. , Toyamal Marcos H. , Muscaral Marcelo N. , Dochertyl Reginald J. , Costal Soraia K.P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigated the potential of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)‐induced pancreatitis to promote abdominal hyperalgesia, as well as to depolarize sensory fibres in vitro using a grease‐gap technique. Pancreatitis was induced by the injection of sPLA2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus (sPLA2 Cdt, 300μgkg−1) venom into the common bile duct of rats. Pancreatic inflammatory signs, serum amylase levels and abdominal hyperalgesia were evaluated in rats treated or not with SR140333, a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist. Injection of sPLA2 Cdt caused pancreatic oedema formation and increased pancreatic neutrophil infiltration and serum amylase at 4 h, which returned to normality by 24 h, except for the neutrophil infiltration, which was still increased at this time point. Animals injected with sPLA2 exhibited a lower withdrawal threshold to electronic von Frey stimulation in the upper abdominal region at 4 h, but not 24 h, post‐injection when compared with saline‐injected rats. Pre‐treatment of animals with SR140333 significantly reduced the sPLA2 Cdt‐induced abdominal hyperalgesia, without affecting the other parameters. Neither sPLA2 Cdt nor sPLA2 from Naja mocambique mocambique venom depolarized capsaicin‐sensitive sensory fibres from rat vagus nerve, but they decreased the propagated compound action potentials in both A and C fibres. These data show for the first time that NK1 receptors play an important role in the early abdominal hyperalgesia in a rat model of sPLA2‐induced pancreatitis, suggesting that these receptors are of importance in the development of pain in the pancreatitis condition. We also provide evidence that sPLA2s do not directly depolarize sensory fibres in vitro.
Association of the intronic rs2072621 polymorphism of the X-linked GPR50 gene with affective disorder with seasonal pattern
Authors: Delavest M. , Even C. , Benjemaa N. , Poirier M.-F. , Jockers R. , Krebs M.-O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis case-control study found an association between Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (intronic rs2072621) of the gene encoding GPR50 (an orphan member of the G protein-coupled melatonin receptor subfamily) in females. This may represent a gender-specific risk factor and a molecular link between melatonin and SAD.
A tephrochronologic method based on apatite trace-element chemistry
Authors: Sell Bryan Keith , Samson Scott Douglas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGeochemical correlation of ash-fall beds with conventional tephrochronologic methods is not feasible when original glass composition is altered. Thus, alternative correlation methods may be required. Initial studies of heavily altered Paleozoic tephra (K-bentonites) have suggested the potential for employing trace-element concentrations in apatite as ash-fall bed discriminators. To further test the utility of apatite trace-element tephrochronology, we analyzed apatite phenocrysts from unaltered volcanic rocks with an electron microprobe: nine samples from rocks erupted during the Quaternary and one sample from a rock erupted during the Paleogene. The resulting apatite trace-element data provide unique bed discriminators despite within-crystal variability. Each of the volcanic rocks studied possesses unique trends in Mg, Cl, Mn, Fe, Ce and Y concentrations in apatite. The results from this study establish an important tephrochronologic method that can be applied to nearly all portions of the Phanerozoic stratigraphic record and greatly assist development of an advanced timescale. In addition to establishing a fingerprint for a particular eruption, apatite chemistry provides useful information about the source magma.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: experience in 14 patients
Authors: Ketenci İ , Ünlü Y , Kaya H , Somdaş M A , Kontaş O , Öztürk M , Vural A 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:Mucormycosis is an opportunist, often lethal fungal infection which occurs in immunocompromised patients. We present our experience in 14 patients with this condition.Patients and methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted for 14 patients treated for rhinocerebral mucormycosis.Results:Nine patients had diabetes mellitus and six had a haematological malignancy. Nine patients had cutaneous and/or palatal necrosis. Eleven patients were treated with amphotericin B and five with liposomal amphotericin B. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in five patients with disease limited to the sinonasal cavity; nine patients underwent more extensive surgery. Five patients with disease limited to the sinonasal cavity survived, while nine patients with widely disseminated disease died. Five of the nine diabetic patients died, as did five of the six patients with haematological malignancy.Conclusion:Patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis spreading outside the sinonasal cavity have a poor prognosis.
Wave propagation in the magnetized cores of white dwarf stars with ultra-relativistic degenerate electrons
Authors: SHUKLA P. K. , MENDIS D. A. , KRASHENINNIKOV S. I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe discuss the dispersive properties of low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) perturbations in the magnetized core of self-gravitating white dwarf stars with ultra-relativistic degenerate electrons. For our purposes, we derive a dispersion relation by using the hydrodynamic equations for the ions under the action of EM and self-gravitating forces, and the inertialess electrons under the action of EM forces and the gradient of the ultra-relativistic pressure. The dispersion relation admits stability of a white dwarf star against a class of EM perturbations whose wavelengths are shorter than 15000 km.
Common limbic and frontal-striatal disturbances in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder and hypochondriasis
Authors: van den Heuvel O. A. , Mataix-Cols D. , Zwitser G. , Cath D. C. , van der Werf Y. D. , Groenewegen H. J. , van Balkom A. J. L. M. , Veltman D. J. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundDirect comparisons of brain function between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and other anxiety or OCD spectrum disorders are rare. This study aimed to investigate the specificity of altered frontal-striatal and limbic activations during planning in OCD, a prototypical anxiety disorder (panic disorder) and a putative OCD spectrum disorder (hypochondriasis).MethodThe Tower of London task, a ‘frontal-striatal’ task, was used during functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements in 50 unmedicated patients, diagnosed with OCD (n=22), panic disorder (n=14) or hypochondriasis (n=14), and in 22 healthy subjects. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes were calculated for contrasts of interest (planning versus baseline and task load effects). Moreover, correlations between BOLD responses and both task performance and state anxiety were analysed.ResultsOverall, patients showed a decreased recruitment of the precuneus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and thalamus, compared with healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences in brain activation between the three patient groups. State anxiety was negatively correlated with dorsal frontal-striatal activation. Task performance was positively correlated with dorsal frontal-striatal recruitment and negatively correlated with limbic and ventral frontal-striatal recruitment. Multiple regression models showed that adequate task performance was best explained by independent contributions from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (positive correlation) and amygdala (negative correlation), even after controlling for state anxiety.ConclusionsPatients with OCD, panic disorder and hypochondriasis share similar alterations in frontal-striatal brain regions during a planning task, presumably partly related to increased limbic activation.