bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of immunocytochemistry to direct smears in the diagnosis of effusions
Authors: Knoepp Stewart M. , Placido Jeremiah , Fields Kristina L. , Thomas Dafydd , Roh Michael H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMetastatic malignancy represents a common cause of effusions. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is useful in confirming malignancy and gaining insight into the site of origin. Cell blocks are commonly utilized for this purpose; nonetheless, when the malignant cells are sparse, they may not be represented in cell blocks thereby precluding immunophenotypic characterization. Thus, we sought to investigate the utility of direct smear preparations as a platform for ICC in the diagnosis of effusions. Air‐dried, unstained direct smears were prepared from 49 malignant effusions and 17 reactive effusions for comparison. ICC for EMA and MOC‐31 highlighted the tumor cells in 91 and 98% of the malignant effusions tested, respectively. EMA immunoreactivity was focally observed within the calretinin‐positive mesothelial cell population in 1 (6%) of the 17 reactive effusions. ICC for MOC‐31 was negative in all reactive effusions. Site‐specific immunomarkers were also evaluated. Immunoreactivity for Napsin‐A and TTF‐1 were observed in 78 and 67% of metastatic lung adenocarcinomas, respectively. ICC for PAX8 highlighted metastatic Müllerian and thyroid carcinomas in 100% of cases tested. CDX‐2 immunoreactivity was observed in 25, 60, and 100% of metastatic gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal adenocarcinomas, respectively. Positivity for p63 was observed in 75% of metastatic urothelial cell carcinomas and the one case of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma examined. Calretinin ICC highlighted the tumor cells in both malignant mesothelioma cases tested as well as the benign mesothelial cells in the reactive effusions. In conclusion, direct smears represent an effective platform for the performance of ICC in the diagnosis of malignant effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bio‐geomorphic effects on tidal channel evolution: impact of vegetation establishment and tidal prism change
Authors: Vandenbruwaene Wouter , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Meire Patrick , Temmerman Stijn 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe long‐term (10–100 years) evolution of tidal channels is generally considered to interact with the bio‐geomorphic evolution of the surrounding intertidal platform. Here we studied how the geometric properties of tidal channels (channel drainage density and channel width) change as (1) vegetation establishes on an initially bare intertidal platform and (2) sediment accretion on the intertidal platform leads to a reduction in the tidal prism (i.e. water volume that during a tidal cycle floods to and drains back from the intertidal platform). Based on a time series of aerial photographs and digital elevation models, we derived the channel geometric properties at different time steps during the evolution from an initially low‐elevated bare tidal flat towards a high‐elevated vegetated marsh. We found that vegetation establishment causes a marked increase in channel drainage density. This is explained as the friction exerted by patches of pioneer vegetation concentrates the flow in between the vegetation patches and promotes there the erosion of channels. Once vegetation has established, continued sediment accretion and tidal prism reduction do not result in significant further changes in channel drainage density and in channel widths. We hypothesize that this is explained by a partitioning of the tidal flow between concentrated channel flow, as long as the vegetation is not submerged, and more homogeneous sheet flow as the vegetation is deeply submerged. Hence, a reduction of the tidal prism due to sediment accretion on the intertidal platform, reduces especially the volume of sheet flow (which does not affect channel geometry), while the concentrated channel flow (i.e. the landscape forming volume of water) is not much affected by the tidal prism reduction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interlaboratory comparison of a standardized toxicity test using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (ISO 10872)
Authors: Höss Sebastian , Ahlf Wolfgang , Bergtold Matthias , Bluebaum-Gronau Elke , Brinke Marvin , Donnevert Gerhild , Menzel Ralph , Möhlenkamp Christel , Ratte Hans-Toni , Traunspurger Walter , Danwitz Brigitte von , Pluta Hans-Jürgen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A ring test was carried out within the standardization process of ISO 10872 to evaluate the precision of the toxicity test for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Eight different laboratories tested aqueous solutions of the reference substance benzylcetyldimethylammonium chloride as well as native sediments and soils for toxic effects on the growth and reproduction of C. elegans. Validity criteria were met in all laboratories. Average median- and low-effect concentrations were determined to be 15.1 mg L−1 (EC50) and 8.7 mg L−1 (EC10) for growth and 7.5 mg L−1 (EC50) and 3.8 mg L−1 (EC10) for reproduction of C. elegans, with ECx values showing a high degree of reproducibility (CVR: &lt;21% and &lt;11% for EC10 and EC50, respectively) and repeatability (CVr: &lt;20% and &lt;7% for EC10 and EC50, respectively). The toxic effects of the sediments and soils revealed by the different laboratories were well related to each samples' degree of chemical contamination. Moreover, the effects showed an acceptable reproducibility (CVR: 5–33% and 0–28% for growth and reproduction, respectively) and repeatability (CVr: 3–13% and 0–12% for growth and reproduction, respectively). The present study confirms that the toxicity test with C. elegans according to ISO 10872 is a reliable and precise tool to assess the toxicity of aqueous media, freshwater sediments, and soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1525–1535. © 2012 SETAC
Influence of essential elements on cadmium uptake and toxicity in a unicellular green alga: The protective effect of trace zinc and cobalt concentrations
Authors: Lavoie Michel , Fortin Claude , Campbell Peter G.C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Within the biotic ligand model (BLM) construct, major cations are considered to be simple competitors for metal binding to uptake sites and may offer some protection against metal-induced toxicity, but the influence of essential trace elements and cell preconditioning to different micronutrient concentrations on metal uptake and toxicity is considered negligible. To test these underlying assumptions, we monitored Cd uptake and toxicity in a green alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) after long-term exposures (60 h) to a range of environmentally realistic free Zn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+ concentrations buffered with nitrilotriacetic acid. A 200-fold increase in free [Mn2+] as well as a 100-fold increase in free [Fe3+] did not affect Cd uptake or toxicity, whereas a 50-fold increase in free [Ca2+] effectively offered some protection, as predicted by the BLM. However, a 10-fold increase in free [Cu2+] significantly enhanced Cd toxicity by a factor of approximately 2, whereas a 100-fold increase in free [Zn2+] and [Co2+] from 10−11 to 10−9 M significantly decreased Cd uptake and toxicity by more than twofold. These effects did not change with prior algal acclimation to different essential micronutrient concentrations. Low essential trace metal concentrations may strongly affect the uptake and toxicity of Cd in freshwater algae and should be taken into consideration in future developments of the BLM. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1445–1452. © 2012 SETAC
Aquatic toxicity tests with substances that are poorly soluble in water and consequences for environmental risk assessment
Authors: Weyman Gabriel S. , Rufli Hans , Weltje Lennart , Salinas Edward R. , Hamitou Marc 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Aquatic toxicity tests with substances that are poorly soluble in water have been conducted using different methods, and estimates of toxicity have varied accordingly. The present study illustrates differences in toxicity values resulting from variation in test designs and solution preparation methods, and offers guidance on the best way to conduct these tests. Consequences for environmental risk assessment and classification are also discussed. The present study mainly considers active ingredients of plant protection products, but is also considered relevant to other chemicals. It is recommended that toxicity tests be conducted only up to the saturation limit, dispersants avoided, and solvents used only if necessary to support handling and speed of dissolution. Analytical measurements of exposure concentrations should reflect what organisms are exposed to. If acute toxicity testing at the saturation limit yields no adverse effects, further testing should not normally be required; the toxicity value of the endpoints should be considered as the saturation limit and adverse classification should not be required. Chronic testing, if required, should then be conducted at the practical saturation limit as this is the most realistic worst-case exposure scenario. If no adverse effects occur, the risk should be acceptable because higher aqueous exposure cannot occur. This could be substantiated by testing additional species. Assessment factors on no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values at the saturation limit require careful consideration in the risk assessment to avoid unnecessarily low regulatory acceptable concentrations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1662–1669. © 2012 SETAC
Accumulation and toxicity of metals (copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) and organic compounds (geraniol and benzo[a]pyrene) in the oribatid mite Oppia nitens
Authors: Owojori Olugbenga J. , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The oribatid mite Oppia nitens has been suggested as a test species for ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated boreal soils. Knowledge of the ecotoxicity of pollutants of different modes of action to this species is necessary to assess its relative sensitivity in comparison with other invertebrates. The toxicity of four metals and two organic chemicals to O. nitens was evaluated over a 28- or 35-d period. Mite survival, reproduction, and tissue accumulation were assessed at the end of the test. Reproduction was a more sensitive endpoint than survival for all of the compounds except geraniol. The reproduction median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were 2,896, 1,562, 137, and 1,678 mg/kg, respectively, whereas those for benzo[a]pyrene and geraniol were greater than 1,600 and 283 mg/kg. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were 3,311, 2,291, 603, and 6,761 mg/kg, respectively, whereas those for benzo[a]pyrene and geraniol were greater than 1,600 and 251 mg/kg. When effects on reproduction are compared with those of other soil invertebrates, O. nitens appears less sensitive to Cu and Zn but within the same order of magnitude of sensitivity as that for Cd and Pb. Despite its lower sensitivity to Cu and Zn, O. nitens is a member of a group underrepresented in ecotoxicological evaluations and should therefore be included in test battery for risk assessment of contaminated boreal and other northern soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1639–1648. © 2012 SETAC
Atomic multipoles: Electrostatic potential fit, local reference axis systems, and conformational dependence
Authors: Kramer Christian , Gedeck Peter , Meuwly Markus 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCurrently, all standard force fields for biomolecular simulations use point charges to model intermolecular electrostatic interactions. This is a fast and simple approach but has deficiencies when the electrostatic potential (ESP) is compared to that from ab initio methods. Here, we show how atomic multipoles can be rigorously implemented into common biomolecular force fields. For this, a comprehensive set of local reference axis systems is introduced, which represents a universal solution for treating atom‐centered multipoles for all small organic molecules and proteins. Furthermore, we introduce a new method for fitting atomic multipole moments to the quantum mechanically derived ESP. This methods yields a 50–90% error reduction compared to both point charges fit to the ESP and multipoles directly calculated from the ab initio electron density. It is shown that it is necessary to directly fit the multipole moments of conformational ensembles to the ESP. Ignoring the conformational dependence or averaging over parameters from different conformations dramatically deteriorates the results obtained with atomic multipole moments, rendering multipoles worse than partial charges. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of the production of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) terpolyester by manipulating the culture condition
Authors: Aziz Nursolehah Abd , Sipaut Coswald Stephen , Abdullah Amirul Al‐Ashraf 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to enhance the production of terpolyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐4HB)) produced by a locally isolated bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2‐4. The monomer composition was varied by supplementing different carbon precursors and by manipulating the culture condition through one‐stage cultivation. The effect of C/N ratio and different concentrations of carbon source and precursors were investigated in order to produce higher content of this terpolyester. Although research on this biodegradable polyester is abundant, studies on terpolyester P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐4HB) are still limited.RESULTS: Supplementation of oleic acid in accumulation medium increased the bacterial growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation. It was also shown that medium consisting of assorted carbon precursors at C/N 20 gave relatively high dry cell weight and P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐4HB) content. Various compositions of terpolyester were obtained when the concentration of oleic acid and 4HB precursors were manipulated. The combination of oleic acid with γ‐butyrolactone and 1‐pentanol was found to be the best combination to produce high PHA content (81 wt%). The composition of monomer in P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐4HB) was produced in the range 8–13 mol% for 3HV and 9–24 mol% for 4HB, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The production of P(3HB‐co‐3HV‐co‐4HB) in shake‐flasks successfully produced 81 wt% of PHA content. This manipulated culture condition can be used at larger scale to provide modeling for the production of terpolyester in a bioreactor. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and characterization of modified polysulfone membranes with high hydrophilic property using variation in coagulation bath temperature and addition of surfactant
Authors: Mousavi S.M. , Saljoughi E. , Ghasemipour Z. , Hosseini S.A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this research, novel asymmetric polysulfone (PSF) membranes were prepared from PSF/polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate/1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) system via immersion precipitation. Pure water was used as gelation media. The variation effect of coagulation bath temperature (CBT) and addition of surfactant on morphology, wettability, and pure water flux (PWF) of the prepared membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measuring instrument, and experimental set up. The contact angle measurements demonstrated that hydrophilicity of the PSF membranes was significantly enhanced by small addition of surfactant in the casting solution along with using the lowest level of CBT. Also it was found out that addition of the surfactant in the casting solution along with increasing the CBT incites the formation of the bigger pores on the top surface and results in the formation of membranes with higher thickness and more porous structure in the sublayer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Nanoprecipitation of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐based nanoparticles: Effect of the molar mass and polymer behavior
Authors: Perevyazko Igor Y. , Vollrath Antje , Pietsch Christian , Schubert Stephanie , Pavlov Georgy M. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe current investigation describes in detail the influence of the polymer molar mass as well as polymer‐solvent interactions on the formation of nanoparticles using the nanoprecipitation methodology. For this purpose, a homologous series of poly(methyl methacrylate)s with molar masses ranging from 7,700 to 274,000 g mol−1 was prepared. Subsequently nanoprecipitation was performed in an automated and systematic manner using liquid handling robots and a variation of different initial concentrations of the polymers and solvent/nonsolvent ratios. To elucidate information about the polymer behavior in the solvents used for the nanoprecipitation procedure (acetone, tetrahydrofuran), intrinsic viscosity measurements were performed. The nanoparticle formulations were examined in terms of particle size and size distribution, particle shape as well as zeta‐potential. The conditions for the preparation of stable and uniform nanoparticles, regardless of molar mass and hydrodynamic volume of the initial polymer, were determined. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Effect of catalyst systems and reaction conditions on the synthesis of cellulose‐g‐PDMAam copolymers by controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Hiltunen Miia , Siirilä Joonas , Maunu Sirkka Liisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractVarious copper‐based catalyst systems and reaction conditions were studied in the graft copolymerization of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAam) with a cellulose‐based macroinitiator by controlled radical polymerization. The cellulose macroinitiator with degree of substitution DS = 0.44 was synthesized from dissolving softwood pulp in a LiCl/DMAc solution. The graft copolymerizations of DMAam, using the cellulose macroinitiator and various copper‐based catalyst systems, were then carried out in DMSO solutions. The copolymerization kinetics was followed by 1H NMR. Water‐soluble cellulose‐g‐PDMAam copolymers were comprehensively characterized by ATR‐FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies and SEC analyses. DLS and steady‐shear viscosity measurements revealed that when the DPgraft of the cellulose‐g‐PDMAam copolymer is high enough, the copolymer forms a more compact structure in water. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Molecular captain: A light‐sensitive linker molecule in poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(L‐alanine)‐poly(ethylene glycol) triblock copolymer directs molecular nano‐assembly, conformation, and sol‐gel transition
Authors: Jeong So Young , Moon Hyo Jung , Park Min Hee , Joo Min Kyung , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report a poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(L‐alanine)‐azobenzene‐poly(L‐alanine)‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐PA‐Z‐PA‐PEG) as a temperature and light sensitive polymer. The poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(L‐alanine) diblock copolymers with a flexible‐rigid block structure were coupled by an azobenzene group that undergoes a reversible configurational change between “trans” and “cis” upon exposure to UV and vis light. The single azobenzene molecule embedded in the middle of a block copolymer with a flexible (shell)‐rigid (core) structure significantly affected molecular assembly, micelle size, polypeptide secondary structure, and sol‐to‐gel transition temperature of the polymer aqueous solution, depending on its exposure to UV or vis light. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Effect of scale and surface chemistry on the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes‐based composites
Authors: Lachman Noa , Harel Yifat , Green Adam , Iuster Noa , Lellouche Jean‐Paul , Wagner H. Daniel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this article, Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) of varying diameters, both untreated and polycarboxylated, were dispersed at constant weight percentage in an epoxy matrix, and resulting fracture toughnesses (KIc) were measured in each case. We show that changing the MWCNT diameter has two effects on the composite fracture toughness: (i) a small MWCNT diameter enables larger interfacial surface for adhesion maximization, which increases toughness; (ii) at the same time, it limits the available pull‐out energy and reduces the MWCNT ability to homogeneously disperse in the matrix due to this same large active surface: this decreases toughness. Most commercially available MWCNTs have a length range of several μm, thus an optimal diameter exists which depends on MWCNT wall thickness and surface treatment. Such optimal diameter maximizes pull‐out energy and thus composite fracture toughness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Detection of the number of two‐dimensional harmonics in additive colored noise
Authors: Yang Shiyong , Li Hongwei , Jiang Tao 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a novel method to detect the number of two‐dimensional (2D) harmonics in additive colored noise based on the enhanced covariance matrix. We define an enhanced covariance matrix using the covariances of the observed signal. We get a special inherent relation between the number of 2D harmonics in additive colored noise and the eigenvalues of the enhanced covariance matrix, which can be used to detect the number of 2D harmonics in additive colored noise by analyzing the eigenvalues of the enhanced covariance matrix. The proposed method has a super resolution and does not need to assume the color and distribution of the additive noise. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated by both the theoretical analysis and extensive simulations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foxo3 negatively regulates the activation of mouse primordial oocytes
Authors: Kashiwagi Yayoi , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Miyano Takashi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study is to know the role of Foxo3, a forkhead transcription factor, in the growth initiation of primordial oocytes in neonatal mice.MethodsWe studied the expression of Foxo3 in 0‐, 1‐, 2‐, 7‐ and 21‐day‐old mouse ovaries by immunohistochemistry. Ovaries from 1‐day‐old mice were treated with Foxo3 siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) and subsequently organ‐cultured for 6 days, and the oocyte growth was examined histologically.ResultsExpression of Foxo3 was low in newborn mouse ovaries. In 1‐day‐old ovaries, Foxo3 was expressed in the nuclei of 20 ± 7 % primordial oocytes. The percentage of Foxo3‐positive primordial oocytes was increased to 48 ± 8, 37 ± 2 and 47 ± 4 in 2‐, 7‐ and 21‐day‐old mice, respectively. After treatment of ovaries with Foxo3 siRNAs, higher proportion of oocytes entered the growth phase in cultured ovaries than that in control.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Foxo3 negatively regulates the growth initiation of primordial oocytes and knockdown of Foxo3 leads primordial oocytes to the growth phase in vitro.
Union Formation in Later Life: Economic Determinants of Cohabitation and Remarriage Among Older Adults
Authors: Vespa Jonathan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study builds on Becker’s and Oppenheimer’s theories of union formation to examine the economic determinants of marriage and cohabitation during older adulthood. Based on the 1998–2006 Health and Retirement Study and a sample of previously married Americans who are at least 50 years old, results show that wealthier older adults, regardless of gender, are more likely to repartner than stay single. Wealth has no discernable effect on the likelihood of remarrying versus cohabiting. Among the oldest men, the positive associations between wealth and repartnering are entirely due to housing assets. Results suggest that Oppenheimer’s theory of marriage timing may be more applicable to later-life union formation than Becker’s independence hypothesis. Further, economic disadvantage does not appear to characterize later-life cohabitation, unlike cohabitation during young adulthood. These findings help illuminate the union formation process during older adulthood and are timely considering demographic changes reshaping the American population.