bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theology and Politics in Thomas Hobbes's Trinitarian Theory
Authors: Colodrero Andrés Jiménez 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article intends to analyse the Hobbesian version of the Christian dogma of the Trinity as it is observed in the corresponding sections of Leviathan, De Cive and Heresy, and alluded to in other texts (controversy with Bramhall). It shall be important to specify: (a) As a starting point, the exact place of such concept within the general problem expressed by the difference between "political theology" and "theologico-political problem" (C. Altini); (b) The main items of the philosopher's Trinitarian exposition as well as his intention while writing it, according to the "secularist", "theistic" and "Divine Omnipotence" interpretations. (J. Overhoff, A. Martinich, P. Springborg, L. Foisneau, F. Lessay, G. Wright); (c) His relationship with the contemporary orthodox currents (Trinitarian) and heterodox currents (antitrinitarian), as well as with the elements from ancient antitrinitarian heresies (subordinationism, modalism, sabellianism).
An Eddy Diffusivity–Mass Flux Approach to the Vertical Transport of Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Convective Boundary Layers
Authors: Witek Marcin L. , Teixeira Joao , Matheou Georgios 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
In this study a new approach to the vertical transport of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is proposed. The principal idea behind the new parameterization is that organized updrafts or convective plumes play an important role in transferring TKE vertically within convectively driven boundary layers. The parameterization is derived by applying an updraft environment decomposition to the vertical velocity triple correlation term in the TKE prognostic equation. The additional mass flux (MF) term that results from this decomposition closely resembles the features of the TKE transport diagnosed from the large-eddy simulation (LES) and accounts for 97% of the LES-diagnosed transport when the updraft fraction is set to 0.13. Another advantage of the MF term is that it is a function of the updraft vertical velocity and can be readily calculated using already existing parameterization. The new MF approach, combined with several eddy diffusivity (ED) formulations, is implemented into a simplified 1D TKE prognostic model. The 1D model results, compared against LES simulations of dry convective boundary layers, show substantial improvement in representing the vertical structure of TKE. The new combined ED–MF parameterization, as well as the MF term alone, surpasses in accuracy the ED parameterizations. The proposed TKE transport parameterization shows large potential of improving TKE simulations in mesoscale and global circulation models.
A Multiresolution Analysis of the Relationship Between Spatial Distribution of Reservoir Parameters and Time Distribution of Well-Test Data
Authors: Awotunde Abeeb A. , Horne Roland N. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
With recent advances in permanent downhole technology, well-test analysts now have to deal with enormous amounts of data. Using these data requires the development of efficient algorithms that are able to extract the relevant information from the data at minimal cost. We present a multiresolution wavelet approach to estimate the spatial distribution of reservoir parameters, by performing the nonlinear least-squares regression in the wavelet domains of both time and space. Wavelet transforms have the ability to reveal important events in time signals or spatial images. Thus, we transformed both the model space and the time-series pressure data into spatial wavelet and time wavelet domains, respectively, and used a thresholding to select a subset of wavelet coefficients from each of the transformed domains. These subsets were used subsequently in nonlinear regression to estimate the appropriate description of reservoir parameters. The appropriate subset is not only smaller; the problem is also reduced to the consideration of only the important components of the measured data and only the part of the reservoir description that depends on them.
As a test of the approach, we first applied the model to well-test problems involving 1D (radially composite) reservoir systems. The inverse problem was solved to estimate the distributed permeability values by performing the nonlinear least-squares regression in the wavelet domains (time and space).
Results obtained were compared with those obtained from the conventional nonlinear-regression approach, using all the pressure-time data and the full set of spatial reservoir parameters. The time/space wavelet approach proved to be efficient. By reducing the dimensions of the model and data spaces, the approach eliminates redundancy in the reservoir description and in the data set. Significantly, the approach reveals the true number of reservoir parameters that can be appropriately estimated from a given data set and also reveals which components of the full data set are active in constraining the reservoir model. Thus, the approach provides a good means to integrate different data properly while avoiding the inclusion of irrelevant data during nonlinear regression.
Laboratory Measurements and Numerical Modeling of Streaming Potential for Downhole Monitoring in Intelligent Wells
Authors: Jackson M.D.. D. , Vinogradov J.. , Saunders J.H.. H. , Jaafar M.Z.. Z. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Downhole monitoring of streaming potential, using electrodes mounted on the outside of insulated casing, is a promising new technology for monitoring water encroachment toward an intelligent well. However, there are still significant uncertainties associated with the interpretation of the measurements, particularly concerning the streaming potential coupling coefficient. This is a key petrophysical property that dictates the magnitude of the streaming potential for a given fluid potential. We present the first measured values of streaming potential coupling coefficient in sandstones saturated with natural and artificial brines relevant to oilfield conditions at higher-than-seawater salinity. We find that the coupling coefficient in quartz-rich sandstones is independent of sample type and brine composition as long as surface electrical conductivity is small. The coupling coefficient is small in magnitude, but still measurable, even when the brine salinity approaches the saturated concentration limit. Consistent results are obtained from two independent experimental setups, using specially designed electrodes and paired pumping experiments to eliminate spurious electrical potentials. We apply the new experimental data in a numerical model to predict the streaming potential signal that would be measured at a well during production. The results suggest that measured signals should be resolvable above background noise in most hydrocarbon reservoirs. Furthermore, water encroaching on a well could be monitored while it is several tens to hundreds of meters away. This contrasts with most other downhole monitoring techniques, which sample only the region immediately adjacent to the wellbore. Our results raise the novel prospect of an oil field in which the wells can detect the approach of water and can respond appropriately.
Managing Circulation Losses in a Harsh Drilling Environment: Conventional Solution vs. CHCD Through a Risk Assessment
Authors: Masi S.. , Molaschi C.. , Zausa F.. , Michelez J.. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Conventional drilling techniques used in harsh drilling environments are sometimes impractical or uneconomical. This was experienced while drilling through the reservoir section being investigated. This section is characterized by high pressure and formation fluids estimated to contain 18–20% H2S and 4–6% CO2. The presence of extensive karst/fractures along with severe circulation losses prevents successful drilling using the conventional circulation technique. For this scenario, the pressurized-mud-cap closed-hole circulation-drilling (CHCD) technique was applied, and it proved to be the most effective method to drill through the Lower Carboniferous carbonate.
In conventional drilling through such lost circulation zones, the typical method is to isolate the thief formation [lost circulation-materials (LCMs) pills, gunks, and cement plugs] to maintain an overbalanced condition. These methods have their disadvantages: uncertain results, time and cost increase, and damages on well productivity. Furthermore, it may be a long, ineffective process because of multiple leakoff zones or massively fractured zones.
Where unsustainable losses occur and conventional circulation is no longer possible, the CHCD technique may be used to allow the continuation of drilling. This technique is not underbalanced drilling. The annulus is closed, and no returns are circulated to the surface.
The CHCD is not a simple or an inexpensive system. It is used only when other systems for controlling losses have proved to be ineffective. Large quantities of water and mud are required as well as additional equipment and specialized personnel. An accurate evaluation of several factors has to be performed. Drilling hazards are the major issue because the primary barrier to well influx is jeopardized, but also rig time, material availability, and consumption have to be considered.
The aforementioned uncertainties can be addressed through risk evaluations by comparing two drilling scenarios of a typical development well where one uses CHCD technology and the other uses conventional drilling techniques.
This paper will discuss the operational details of conducting CHCD as well as the risk-management approach, which involves the identification, evaluation, and mapping of all risks involved in each scenario (qualitative risk assessment). A probabilistic model is, therefore, developed to combine all the risks identified and to address their consequences within operational time (quantitative risk assessment).
Evaluation of Alternative Initial Responses to Kicks Taken During Managed-Pressure Drilling
Authors: Davoudi Majid , Smith John Rogers , Patel Bhavin M. , Chirinos José E. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
An industry-supported research project has completed its evaluation of alternative initial responses to kicks taken during the constant-bottomhole-pressure (CBHP) method of managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) operations. The evaluation is the first phase of a study that is intended to provide a basis for comprehensive, reliable well-control procedures for MPD operations. The evaluation was based primarily on computer simulations of multiple alternative initial responses to several causes and severities of kicks in different well geometries. Three responses were concluded to have general application: increasing casing pressure until flow out equals flow in, shutting the well in, and using an adaptation of an MPD pump-shutdown schedule to detect and shut in low- rate kicks.
A simple shut-in was concluded to be the most generally applicable response because it stops formation flow without requiring any special equipment. However, it also causes an increased risk of exceeding the formation fracture pressure for most situations vs. a response that maintains continuous circulation. Increasing casing pressure while maintaining a constant pump rate until flow out equals flow in was concluded to be the most applicable response that avoids the disadvantages of shutting in the well. However, it requires accurate metering of return flow as a basis for determining whether formation flow has stopped. The adaptation of an MPD pump-shutdown schedule can be used to determine whether questionable kick indications are caused by a kick more conclusively than the other responses. It ends with the well being shut in. A fourth response, increasing the pump rate, also has important but very limited application. The selection of which response is the most practical is shown to depend on well conditions and the equipment being used. Potential advantages of and constraints on the use of these responses are also explained.
Analytical Formulas for In-Situ Combustion
Authors: Mailybaev A.A.. A. , Bruining J.. , Marchesin D.. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
There is a renewed interest in using combustion to recover medium- or high-viscosity oil. Despite numerous experimental, numerical, and analytical studies, the mechanisms for incomplete fuel combustion or oxygen consumption are not fully understood. Incomplete oxygen consumption may lead to low-temperature oxidation reactions downstream. This paper shows that these features emerge in a relatively simple 1D model, where air is injected in a porous medium filled with inert gas, water, and an oil mixture consisting of precoke, medium oil, and light oil. Precoke is a component that is dissolved in the oil but has essentially the same composition as coke. At high temperatures, precoke is converted to coke, which participates in high-temperature oxidation. At high temperatures, medium-oil components are cracked, releasing gaseous oil. Light-oil components and water are vaporized. The model possesses an analytical solution, which was obtained by a concept introduced by Zeldovich et al. (1985). This concept, which underlies most analytical approaches such as the reaction-sheet approximation and large-activation-energy asymptotics, entails that reaction can occur only in a very small temperature range because of the highly nonlinear nature of the Arrhenius factor. For a temperature below this range, the reaction rate is too slow, and for temperatures above this range, the reaction rate is so fast that either the fuel or oxygen concentrations become zero. The model results, in the absence of external heat losses, show that there are two combustion regimes in which coke or oxygen is partially consumed. In one regime, the reaction zone moves in front of the heat wave; whereas, in the other regime, the order of the waves is reversed. There are also two combustion regimes in which the coke and oxygen are completely consumed. Also, here the reaction zone can move in front of or at the back of the heat wave. Each combustion regime is described by a sequence of waves; we derive formulas for parameters in these waves. We analyze our formulas for typical in-situ-combustion data and compare the results with numerical simulation. The main conclusion is that mainly two key parameters (i.e., the injected oxygen mole fraction and the fuel concentration) determine the combustion-front structure and when either incomplete oxygen consumption or incomplete fuel consumption occurs in the high-temperature oxidation zone.
Extended Analysis for Initiation of Local, Lateral Displacements in Heated Submarine Pipelines
Authors: Paslay Paul R , Beckmann M.M. M 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Earlier solutions for this pipeline lateral-buckling problem are reviewed. A new, straightforward solution procedure is presented with illustrative problems and design curves. The new procedure can be implemented easily with a simple digital computer program. The solution gives a theoretical upper bound for the axial load that can be developed through heating. This upper bound can be helpful in the early stages of pipeline design.
Improving Patient Return to General Practice after Specialist Assessment
Authors: Foley Fiona , Selzer Rob , McGartland Michael 
Published: June 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a two-pronged, letter intervention strategy to improve the follow-up after referral (FAR) rate to general practitioners of patients referred for a psychiatric assessment. Methods: The FAR rate of patients referred to the Inner South East Primary Mental Health Team (PMHT) between June 2007and June 2008 was examined via telephone call, before and after the implementation of a process sending letters to patients and practice managers advising them to make an appointment to discuss recommendations resulting from the psychiatric assessment. Results: A statistically significant improvement (χ2 (1, n = 44) = 5.81, p = 0.016) in FAR rate was observed for patients post-intervention, with 11/25 (44%) pre-intervention patients not returning to their referring general practitioner within 1 month of assessment, compared to 2/19 (10.5%) patients post-intervention. Conclusions: The implementation of two simple and inexpensive measures resulted in a fourfold improvement in the return rate of patients to their referring general practitioner post-psychiatric assessment.
Service Use in Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry: Guidelines for Baseline Staffing
Authors: Holmes Alex , Handrinos Dennis , Theologus Edward , Salzberg Mike 
Published: June 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how referrals and clinical activity in consultation-liaison psychiatry (C-L) vary according to unit type and size, length of stay and psychiatric diagnosis, and to use these data to inform recommendations for the minimum levels of staffing required to conduct consultations in a general hospital. Method: Data were collected across three urban teaching hospitals over a 5-year period. The data included hospital admission data, referrals, psychiatric diagnosis, clinical contact time, clinical equivalent full time (EFT) and a measure of ‘busyness’. Results: Mean clinical staffing was 0.84 EFT per 100 beds. Services received a mean of 2.4 referrals per 100 hospital admissions. On average, each referral generated 3.9 contacts and a total contact time of 2.6 hours. The contact time was greater in patients with multiple psychiatric diagnoses as compared with a single or no diagnosis. Conclusion: In order to provide a minimum level of service for consultations to the expected range of serious and immediate psychiatric disorders present in the general hospital, a C-L service requires about 1.0 clinical EFT per 100 beds. For services to be able to address more complex elements of illness behaviour, provide education, conduct research, contribute to comprehensive care in specialist areas and undertake other liaison activities, greater and more multi-disciplinary EFT is required.
Benchmarking Adult Mental Health Organizations
Authors: Coombs Tim , Geyer Tania , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2011

Objective: This paper describes the adult mental health forums that were conducted as part of the National Mental Health Benchmarking Project (NMHBP). Method: Eight adult mental health forums were attended by staff from eight adult mental health services from around the country. The forums provided an avenue for these participants to document their organizations’ performances against previously agreed key performance indicators (KPIs), and to compare this performance with that of their peers. The forums also encouraged discussion about appropriate targets. Results: Forum participants found that the inter-organizational range for many of the KPIs was substantial, and they used this to inform practice change within their own organizations. They also found that they could set “alert targets” and “good practice targets” for some KPIs but not others. The discussion that ensued informed participants’ understanding of factors that were within the control of their organizations that could be modified to improve service quality. Conclusions: Benchmarking in adult mental health services is not only possible but also likely to be extremely worthwhile as an exercise in improving service quality. For benchmarking to realize its potential, it requires strong national and local leadership, and a spirit of openness on the part of participating organizations.
Aluminum Integral Foams with Near‐Microcellular Structure
Authors: Hartmann Johannes , Trepper André , Körner Carolin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the present work the influence of the amount and size distribution of blowing agent particles (magnesium hydride, MgH2) on the resulting pore structure of aluminum foams is studied. A modified die casting process called integral foam moulding (IFM) is used where aluminum melt mixed with blowing agent is injected into a mould cavity. High cooling rates at the wall of the die result in the formation of a dense shell, whereas, the decomposition of the blowing agent in the inner region leads to a cellular core. Different particle size fractions of MgH2 are provided by sieving; the resulting pore structures of the foams are analyzed by microcomputed tomography. The results suggest that the pore size distribution represents a direct image of the size distribution of the used powder as well as of the particle density within the melt. This finding allows the production of homogeneous microcellular foams by using a high number of particles with a narrow size distribution.
Evaluating the accessibility of three open‐source learning content management systems: A comparative study
Authors: Iglesias Ana , Moreno Lourdes , Martínez Paloma , Calvo Rocío 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTLearning content management systems (LCMSs) have become increasingly popular in the educational field over the past few years. However, problems in system design can create difficulties in the interactions between LCMSs and an important sector of the user population. The assessment and monitoring of LCMS accessibility are vital for the guarantee of universal accessibility in education. This article presents a comparative study of the accessibility of three web‐based, open‐source LCMSs: Moodle, ATutor, and Sakai. Results of the study indicate that barriers to accessibility are present in each of the three systems evaluated. A primary aim of the study is to help detect and correct these barriers such that the goal of universal access in educational environments may one day be achieved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:320–328, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.20557
Starch Immobilized Ruthenium Trichloride Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Verma Sanny , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStarch immobilized ruthenium trichloride, easily synthesized by the reaction of silyl functionalized imidazolium chloride and hydroxyl groups of expanded corn starch (ECS) followed by the reaction with ruthenium trichloride, was found to be a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines to α‐aminonitriles in high yields using hydrogen peroxide with sodium cyanide in acetic acid.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Dual‐Action Compounds Targeting the Adenosine A2A Receptor and Adenosine Transporter for Neuroprotection
Authors: Chen Jhih‐Bin , Liu Eric Minwei , Chern Ting‐Rong , Yang Chieh‐Wen , Lin Chia‐I , Huang Nai‐Kuei , Lin Yun‐Lian , Chern Yijuang , Lin Jung‐Hsin , Fang Jim‐Min 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel compound, N6‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl)adenosine, isolated from Gastrodia elata and which has been shown to be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disease, was found to target both the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). As A2AR and ENT1 are proximal in the synaptic crevice of striatum, where the mutant huntingtin aggregate is located, the dual‐action compounds that concomitantly target these two membrane proteins may be beneficial for the therapy of Huntington’s disease. To design the desired dual‐action compounds, pharmacophore models of the A2AR agonists and the ENT1 inhibitors were constructed. Accordingly, potentially active compounds were designed and synthesized by chemical modification of adenosine, particularly at the N6 and C5’ positions, if the predicted activity was within an acceptable range. Indeed, some of the designed compounds exhibit significant dual‐action properties toward both A2AR and ENT1. Both pharmacophore models exhibit good statistical correlation between predicted and measured activities. In agreement with competitive ligand binding assay results, these compounds also prevent apoptosis in serum‐deprived PC12 cells, rendering a crucial function in neuroprotection and potential utility in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.