bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy‐induced mucositis: Physiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Authors: Heindryckx Femke , Sjöblom Markus 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemotherapy is a common and effective treatment for cancer, but these drugs are also associated with significant side effects affecting patients' well‐being. One such debilitating side effect is mucositis, characterized by inflammation, ulcerations, and altered physiological functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract's mucosal lining. Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy‐induced intestinal mucositis (CIM) is crucial for developing effective preventive measures and supportive care. Chemotherapeutics not only target cancer cells but also rapidly dividing cells in the GI tract. These drugs disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, leading to ER‐stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in various intestinal epithelial cell types. The UPR triggers signaling pathways that exacerbate tissue inflammation and damage, influence the differentiation and fate of intestinal epithelial cells, and compromise the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. These factors contribute significantly to mucositis development and progression. In this review, we aim to give an in‐depth overview of the role of ER‐stress in mucositis and its impact on GI function. This will provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and highlighting potential therapeutic interventions that could improve treatment‐outcomes and the quality of life of cancer patients.
Perspectives of primary school teachers on the capacity of schools to support post‐pandemic health needs emerging among school‐age children
Authors: Bennett Annemarie E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on capacity building for health promotion in primary schools from the perspectives of primary school teachers.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted via an anonymous online survey between February and May 2022. Three‐quarters (n2460) of all schools in the Republic of Ireland were invited to participate. Demographics such as gender, teaching experience, school type and delivering equality of opportunity in schools (DEIS) designation were collected. Perceived capacity for health promotion was measured on a 10‐point Likert scale. Facilitators and barriers related to health promotion and aspects of child health prioritised for health promotion in the 2 years after restrictions eased were explored via closed‐ and open‐ended questions.ResultsOf the 595 responses, 493 were eligible for analysis. Participants were based in schools in every county in the Republic of Ireland, with most (85.4%, n421) being female. Almost a third (30.5%, n150) were 11–20 years post‐qualification, and a quarter (25.2%, n124) had over 30 years' teaching experience. Mean capacity for school‐based health promotion pre‐pandemic was moderate, at 6.6 ± 2.2 on a 10‐point scale. Mean capacity in spring 2022 decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 4.1 ± 2.4, indicating poor capacity. Capacity ratings did not significantly differ by school type (p = 0.31), socioeconomic designation (p = 0.27) or years post‐qualification (p = 0.08). Capacity decrements were most frequently (49.7%, n245) attributed to organisational factors, while individual and community‐level factors were cited by 27.6% (n136) and 21.5% (n106) of respondents, respectively. Healthy eating significantly (p < 0.001) decreased as a priority for health promotion between pre‐pandemic times (76.3%, n376) and spring 2022 (23.1%, n114). Mental health significantly (p < 0.01) increased as a priority, being listed by 38.1% (n188) as a priority pre‐pandemic and doubling to 72.6% (n358) in spring 2022.ConclusionsFostering a holistic approach to health promotion in schools remains a challenge. Further efforts are needed to support schools to implement sustainable and balanced systems of health promotion.
“Intuitive districts”: Agentive images in a post‐socialist city
Authors: Humphrey Caroline 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnyone who has lived in a city knows that, separately from the administrative or electoral districts, there are districts that exist in the imagination. Areas of the city seem to have a distinctive character and ethos. The article suggests that such notional place‐forming occurs spontaneously through everyday sensations, life activities, and events and is spontaneously evaluative and comparative. In these ways, a notion of “intuitive district” differs from externally given analytical concepts commonly used in the literature to categorize urban divisions, such as neighborhood or quartier. Intuitive districts are subjective but also widely shared in urban communications. The article argues that they have an objective agency: They influence people's decisions, what they care about, how they move around the city, and interact (or do not interact) with other residents. Using the example of one post‐socialist city in Russia (Ulan‐Ude), the article explores how intuitive directs have formed and shows how their existence can have effect on highly diverse urban processes and actions, from the formation of gangland territories to house prices, from religious intensification to providing the foundation for public protest.
Perspectives on forestry management: How do bats fit in?
Authors: Hohoff Tara , Rogness Brittany , Davis Mark 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the last decade, bat conservation guidance has received increasing attention, as many United States bat species are in decline due to white‐nose syndrome and have been listed or considered for federal endangered species status. Research on how these species are impacted by forestry management decisions has advanced to provide specific conservation actions for these imperiled species. We set out to better understand the level of knowledge land managers had in relation to forestry techniques and their impact on wildlife conservation in order to more effectively strategize how we can efficiently provide educational resources. We surveyed 78 land managers in Illinois to identify their priorities for management and how familiar they were with forestry management guidelines for bat conservation. We followed up with a subset of voluntary participants with semistructured phone interviews to generate more in‐depth responses. Using these tools, we reveal that a top priority for most managers in Illinois is invasive species management. Most have some familiarity with bat conservation actions, but few were confident in their knowledge of threatened and endangered species. Thirteen of the twenty phone interviews identified a preference for talking to/hearing from experts to receive information on bat conservation. These results highlighted where there are information gaps on best practices for forestry management from a conservation perspective, and identified how we can best address these through partnerships with land managers. Implementation of these practices is likely how recovery of these vulnerable species will happen—through protection of their basic needs, including availability of roosts, abundance of prey, and access to uncontaminated water resources.
Micromechanical modeling of longitudinal compression behavior and failure mechanism of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites involving initial fiber misalignment
Authors: Jiang Wengang , Wang Zhenjun , Liu Qipeng , Gao Yuehua , Wu Zhiyong , Xiong Bowen , Wang Fang , Yao Yufeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA micromechanical model with realistic initial fiber misalignment (IFM) was developed to simulate the longitudinal compression behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber/aluminum composites. The matrix and fiber were modeled using ductile damage law and brittle fracture model, respectively. The interfacial properties were firstly determined by the single‐fiber push‐out and transverse tensile tests, and the cohesive zone model was adopted to capture the interfacial behavior. The calculated compressive response curve is in alignment with the experimental data. Compression failure can be attributed to fiber kinking, possibly triggered by the matrix shear damage. The increase of IFM angle makes the failure mode being transformed from fiber crushing to fiber kinking, along with a significant decrease in compressive strength. With the fiber content increasing, the compressive strength increases first and then decreases, while the compressive modulus increases monotonically. Increasing interfacial strength significantly improves the compressive strength, but this is limited by the matrix properties.
Rationalizing the Influence of Co‐Design on Distress, Clinical Decision‐Making and Disease Self‐Management of Cancer Patients‐as‐Partners: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Alrayshouni Zahraa , Dayekh Alaa , El‐Tassi Ahmad , Pakai Annamária 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionCancer is regarded as a major worldwide burden. Patient distress has been linked to disease progression. Studies show that engagement strategies affect clinical decision‐making and patient outcomes. The optimal engagement method is a partnership that integrates the patient's expertise into the comprehensive co‐design of the healthcare system.ObjectivesThis is the first study to investigate cancer patient‐as‐partner experience and its impact on distress levels, decision‐making and self‐management.MethodsIt is a quantitative and quasi‐experimental study that adopted a partnership committee at a Lebanese hospital. A stratified random sampling approach was used, and data were collected by self‐administered questionnaires. We utilized the standardized distress thermometer and PPEET.ResultsWe recruited 100 patient partners. Cancer patients‐as‐partners had optimal engagement experience in QI projects (mean = 4; SD = 0.4). The main partnership benefit was improved hospitalization experience (49%). Almost half of PP reported no challenges faced (49%). Recommendations for improvement were training (19%), team dynamics management (12%) and proper time allocation (7%). The distress level post‐partnership was significantly reduced (t = 12.57, p < 0.0001). This study highlights the importance of partnership and ‎its ability to influence shared decision‐making preference [χ2(2) = 13.81, p = 0.025] and self‐management practices [F(3, 11.87) = 7.294, p = 0.005].ConclusionResearch findings suggest that partners from disadvantaged groups can have optimal partnership experience. A partnership model of care can shape the healthcare system into a people‐oriented culture. Further research is needed to explore diverse PP engagement methodologies and their effect on organizational development.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and family members were engaged in the co‐design of the study methodology, especially the modification of a research instrument. Patient partners with lived experience were involved in the patient partnership committee as core members to improve healthcare system design and evaluation.
Intersection of the microbiome and immune metabolism in lupus
Authors: Garcia Abigail Castellanos , Six Natalie , Ma Longhuan , Morel Laurence 
Published: June 2024

SummarySystemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease resulting from a dysregulation of the immune system that involves gut dysbiosis and an altered host cellular metabolism. This review highlights novel insights and expands on the interactions between the gut microbiome and the host immune metabolism in lupus. Pathobionts, invasive pathogens, and even commensal microbes, when in dysbiosis, can all trigger and modulate immune responses through metabolic reprogramming. Changes in the microbiota's global composition or individual taxa may trigger a cascade of metabolic changes in immune cells that may, in turn, reprogram their functions. Factors contributing to dysbiosis include changes in intestinal hypoxia, competition for glucose, and limited availability of essential nutrients, such as tryptophan and metal ions, all of which can be driven by host metabolism changes. Conversely, the accumulation of some host metabolites, such as itaconate, succinate, and free fatty acids, could further influence the microbial composition and immune responses. Overall, mounting evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between host immunometabolism and the microbiota in lupus pathogenesis.
Perspectives of Mental Health Nurses About Sexual Safety in Acute Inpatient Mental Health Units
Authors: Olasoji Michael , Taylah Powell , Megan Layne , Hui Ting Ting , Nathan Adamson , Caroline Buultjens , Anderson Shelley , Sue Belmore , Joseph Bindu 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe overall aim of this study is to explore the views of mental health nurses (MHNs) about the sexual safety of consumers receiving care in acute inpatient units. In Australia, people accessing mental health inpatient units have reported feeling unsafe while receiving care including experiences of sexual harassment and abuse from other patients. There has been no study to date that has explored the views of the MHNs providing care. An explorative descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews involving n = 8 MHNs working on a metropolitan acute inpatient unit recruited using purposive convenience sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study highlighted the themes of ‘It's everyone's job to keep the patient safe’, ‘Going over expectations’, ‘Impact on patients’ and ‘Built environment’. Participants in this study believed that the sexual safety of patients in the inpatient unit is everyone's responsibility and that it was important during the admission process to ensure patients are aware of how to both seek help if needed and ensure that their actions or behaviours do not pose sexual safety concerns in others. Ensuring sexual safety in the mental health inpatient units is a complex issue that requires evidence‐based multipronged interventions involving all key stakeholders within the units.
Antimicrobial efficacy of select medicinal plant extracts from Bangladesh against food‐borne bacterial pathogens
Authors: Ghosh Alokesh Kumar , Dewaele Pieter , Hu Haibo , Panda Sujogya Kumar , Luyten Walter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe assessed the antimicrobial activity of extracts prepared with four solvents (hexane, acetone, ethanol, water) from 45 medicinal plants used in Bangladesh. Food pathogenic bacteria (Gram‐positive: Bacillus cereus, Listeria innocua, Streptococcus faecalis, and Gram‐negative: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei) were tested using a broth microdilution method. The extraction yield was highest (26%) for the water extract of Carica papaya and lowest (0.4%) for the acetone extract of Cynodon dactylon. In general, acetone extracts exhibited much more antibacterial activity than those obtained with the other three solvents (hexane, ethanol, and water). Gram‐positive bacteria were more sensitive than Gram‐negatives. Streptococcus faecalis was the most susceptible to inhibition by examined extracts, whereas E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the most resistant. Most inhibitory concentration‐50 (IC50) values ranged between 101 and 500 μg/mL (64 extracts, 35.5%), followed by the range of 501–1000 μg/mL (40 extracts, 22.2%). Based on IC50, the most effective plants were three species of Piper (Piper nigrum, Piper betle, and Piper chaba), followed by Nigella sativa, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini, C. dactylon, and Phyllanthus emblica. In addition, the toxicity of chosen extracts against normal and malignant cell lines was tested; the most effective extracts were toxic against the human lung carcinoma cell line A549, but less toxic against the human Caucasian foetal lung cell line WI26VA4. These findings suggest that some plant extracts could be employed to treat food‐borne bacterial infections, or as herbal preservatives in the food sector.
Zygotic Exposure to Venlafaxine Disrupts the Circadian Locomotor Activity Behaviour in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Thompson W. Andrew , Vijayan Mathilakath M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe antidepressant venlafaxine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is commonly prescribed to treat major depressive disorder and is found at high concentrations in the aquatic environment. Concerns have been raised related to the health of aquatic organisms in response to this nontargeted pharmaceutical exposure. For instance, we previously demonstrated that exposure to venlafaxine perturbs neurodevelopment, leading to behavioural alterations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also observed disruption in serotonin expression in the pineal and raphe, regions critical in regulating circadian rhythms, leading us to hypothesize that zygotic exposure to venlafaxine disrupts the circadian locomotor rhythm in larval zebrafish. To test this, we microinjected zebrafish embryos with venlafaxine (1 or 10 ng) and recorded the locomotor activity in 5‐day‐old larvae over a 24‐h period. Venlafaxine deposition reduced larval locomotor activity during the light phase, but not during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle. The melatonin levels were higher in the dark compared to during the light photoperiod and this was not affected by embryonic venlafaxine deposition. Venlafaxine exposure also did not affect the transcript abundance of clock genes, including clock1a, bmal2, cry1a and per2, which showed a clear day/night rhythmicity. A notable finding was that exposure to luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, decreased the locomotor activity in the control group in light, whereas the activity was higher in larvae raised from the venlafaxine‐deposited embryos. Overall, zygotic exposure to venlafaxine disrupts the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish fish during the day, demonstrating the capacity of antidepressants to disrupt the circadian rhythms in behaviour. Our results suggest that disruption in melatonin signalling may be playing a role in the venlafaxine impact on circadian behaviour, but further investigation is required to elucidate the possible mechanisms in larval zebrafish.
Metrology of two wearable sleep trackers against polysomnography in patients with sleep complaints
Authors: Frija Justine , Mullaert Jimmy , Abensur Vuillaume Laure , Grajoszex Mathieu , Wanono Ruben , Benzaquen Hélène , Kerzabi Fedja , Geoffroy Pierre Alexis , Matrot Boris , Trioux Théo , Penzel Thomas , d'Ortho Marie‐Pia 
Published: June 2024

SummarySleep trackers are used widely by patients with sleep complaints, however their metrological validation is often poor and relies on healthy subjects. We assessed the metrological validity of two commercially available sleep trackers (Withings Activité/Fitbit Alta HR) through a prospective observational monocentric study, in adult patients referred for polysomnography (PSG). We compared the total sleep time (TST), REM time, REM latency, nonREM1 + 2 time, nonREM3 time, and wake after sleep onset (WASO). We report absolute and relative errors, Bland–Altman representations, and a contingency table of times spent in sleep stages with respect to PSG. Sixty‐five patients were included (final sample size 58 for Withings and 52 for Fitbit). Both devices gave a relatively accurate sleep start time with a median absolute error of 5 (IQR −43; 27) min for Withings and −2.0 (−12.5; 4.2) min for Fitbit but both overestimated TST. Withings tended to underestimate WASO with a median absolute error of −25.0 (−61.5; −8.5) min, while Fitbit tended to overestimate it (median absolute error 10 (−18; 43) min. Withings underestimated light sleep and overestimated deep sleep, while Fitbit overestimated light and REM sleep and underestimated deep sleep. The overall kappas for concordance of each epoch between PSG and devices were low: 0.12 (95%CI 0.117–0.121) for Withings and VPSG indications 0.07 (95%CI 0.067–0.071) for Fitbit, as well as kappas for each VPSG indication 0.07 (95%CI 0.067–0.071). Thus, commercially available sleep trackers are not reliable for sleep architecture in patients with sleep complaints/pathologies and should not replace actigraphy and/or PSG.
The lncRNA1‐miR6288b‐3p‐PpTCP4‐PpD2 module regulates peach branch number by affecting brassinosteroid biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Xiaobei , Yan Lixia , Li Tianhao , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yajia , Zhang Junjie , Lian Xiaodong , Zhang Haipeng , Zheng Xianbo , Hou Nan , Cheng Jun , Wang Wei , Zhang Langlang , Ye Xia , Li Jidong , Feng Jiancan , Tan Bin 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Branch number is one of the most important agronomic traits of fruit trees such as peach. Little is known about how LncRNA and/or miRNA modules regulate branching through transcription factors.

Here, we used molecular and genetic tools to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying brassinosteroid (BR) altering plant branching.

We found that the number of sylleptic branch and BR content in pillar peach (‘Zhaoshouhong’) was lower than those of standard type (‘Okubo’), and exogenous BR application could significantly promote branching. PpTCP4 expressed great differentially comparing ‘Zhaoshouhong’ with ‘Okubo’. PpTCP4 could directly bind to DWARF2 (PpD2) and inhibited its expression. PpD2 was the only one differentially expressed key gene in the path of BR biosynthesis. At the same time, PpTCP4 was identified as a target of miR6288b‐3p. LncRNA1 could act as the endogenous target mimic of miR6288b‐3p and repress expression of miR6288b‐3p. Three deletions and five SNP sites of lncRNA1 promoter were found in ‘Zhaoshouhong’, which was an important cause of different mRNA level of PpTCP4 and BR content. Moreover, overexpressed PpTCP4 significantly inhibited branching.

A novel mechanism in which the lncRNA1‐miR6288b‐3p‐PpTCP4‐PpD2 module regulates peach branching number was proposed.
Intercropping enhances maize growth and nutrient uptake by driving the link between rhizosphere metabolites and microbiomes
Authors: Jiang Pan , Wang Yizhe , Zhang Yuping , Fei Jiangchi , Rong Xiangmin , Peng Jianwei , Yin Lichu , Luo Gongwen 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Intercropping leads to different plant roots directly influencing belowground processes and has gained interest for its promotion of increased crop yields and resource utilization. However, the precise mechanisms through which the interactions between rhizosphere metabolites and the microbiome contribute to plant production remain ambiguous, thus impeding the understanding of the yield‐enhancing advantages of intercropping.

This study conducted field experiments (initiated in 2013) and pot experiments, coupled with multi‐omics analysis, to investigate plant–metabolite–microbiome interactions in the rhizosphere of maize.

Field‐based data revealed significant differences in metabolite and microbiome profiles between the rhizosphere soils of maize monoculture and intercropping. In particular, intercropping soils exhibited higher microbial diversity and metabolite chemodiversity. The chemodiversity and composition of rhizosphere metabolites were significantly related to the diversity, community composition, and network complexity of soil microbiomes, and this relationship further impacted plant nutrient uptake. Pot‐based findings demonstrated that the exogenous application of a metabolic mixture comprising key components enriched by intercropping (soyasapogenol B, 6‐hydroxynicotinic acid, lycorine, shikimic acid, and phosphocreatine) significantly enhanced root activity, nutrient content, and biomass of maize in natural soil, but not in sterilized soil.

Overall, this study emphasized the significance of rhizosphere metabolite–microbe interactions in enhancing yields in intercropping systems. It can provide new insights into rhizosphere controls within intensive agroecosystems, aiming to enhance crop production and ecosystem services.