bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I. Nouvelle méthode d'analyse et provenance de l'ensemble des obsidiennes néolithiques du Midi de la France
Authors: Crisci Gino Mirocle , Ricq de Bouard Monique , Lanzaframe Ugo , De Francesco Anna-Maria 
Published: March 2010

We have analysed and determined the source of 138 fragments of neolithic obsidian coming from 36 sites of the French Mediterranean area (Midi). This study has required not only the development of a new non-destructive analytical method, but also the definition of the composition of the different obsidian sources in the Western Mediterranean. The method of analysis proposed is X-ray fluorescence. To eliminate surface effects due to the form of the archaeological samples, we have used the ratios of the selected elements (Nb, Y, Zr, Rb, Sr) instead of their concentrations. Discriminant diagrams allow a clear individualisation of the different domains of chemical composition, corresponding to the geological obsidians of Pantelleria, Lipari, and Sardinia. The great majority of the archaeological obsidians analysed can be attributed quite definitely to one of these three sources.
Five pieces of unworked obsidian, coming from the middle reaches of the Rhône, originate quite certainly from a source exterior to the Western Mediterranean. We have not been able to localise this source.
Introduction
Authors: Debénath André , Dibble Harold Lewis 
Published: March 2010

This is a preliminary synthesis of excavations at La Quina from 1985 through 1994. The report is interim in nature, since only a portion of the very rich material has been studied. These recent excavations were intended to address certain questions left unresolved by the excavations conducted by G. Henri-Martin from 1952 through 1972 : first to establish a detailed stratigraphy of the sediments, to understand the mechanisms and circumstances of their deposition, and to collect informations about the extent of the remaining deposits ; then to define the chronology of these formations in terms of absolute dates and to determine the palaeoenvironments in which people lived at La Quina ; at last to develop a detailed understanding of the material culture and human activities at the site. The stratigraphy and depositional regime were recorded and analyzed. The lithic industries are all Mousterian : Denticulate Mousterian and Mousterian of Acheulian Tradition in the upper levels, and Quina Mousterian in the lower and intermediate levels. In spite of the small volume of sediment excavated, one anthropogenic structure (a pit) was uncovered. Its function is not yet understood. In terms of palaeontology, there is a certain monotony in the species present : bovines (Bos and Bison), horse, and reindeer. Only their relative frequencies vary significantly in different levels of the profile. These species indicate an open environment, which contradicts the first palynological studies. The zooarchaeological studies are not yet completed, but interesting results are available regarding the reindeer from the site, which are represented by distal limb bones (indicating marrow extraction), and the horses, which are represented in the upper levels primarily by fragments of skull and pelvis.
In terms of human palaeontology, we underline the discovery of a fragment of a child's frontal bone and of a portion of an adult calotte in the lower beds (Quina Mousterian), as well as several teeth.
Les bâtons percés : décors énigmatiques et fonction possible
Authors: Rigaud André 
Published: March 2010

Identified as early as 1866, the pierced baton arose no less than 37 hypotheses as for its use, among the most currently expressed was the pearhead straightener through fire. On some of the artefacts traces of use, sometimes two by two, evokes the circulation of a cord inside the hole. After observing roll like decorations, the author at first fabricates varied pierced batons and then experimentally takes on the torteiral hypothesis. Proved efficient, this last experiment is a possible explanation of some ornaments but the traces of use obtained are different from the archaeological tools. 75 % of the pierced batons that are left to us are broken. The small fragments confirm the domestical use of the artefact but the shape of some of the breaks forces us to look for another way of breaking.
Experimentation opens the way to the use as a cable blocker which reproduces under heavy loads or strong impacts, all the observed archaeological breaks and it may give another tentative explanation of the so-called phallic ornaments.
Aspects et rythmes de l'azilianisation dans le Bassin parisien [Caractérisation de l'industrie lithique recueillie au Cornet (locus 33) à Ambenay, Eure]
Authors: Valentin Boris , Fosse G , Billard Cyrille 
Published: March 2010

Die jüngste Entwicklung der Forschung im Pariser Becken macht es möglich, hier die Mechanismen der Ausbreitung des Azilien vom Ende des Bølling-lnterstadials bis zum Beginn der jüngeren Dryas zu untersuchen. Dieser Prozeβ verlief in mindestens drei, vielleicht sogar in vier aufeinanderfolgenden Phasen. Der Beitrag legt detailliert die Techniken dar, die sich in Cornet beobachten lieβen. Dieser Fundplatz bei Ambenay in der Normandie hat eine Auswahl an Steingeräten geliefert, die charakteristisch für eine fortgeschrittene Phase besagter Entwicklung ist. Das ergibt sich aus der Auswertung der Geschoβeinsätze und Werkzeuge sowie aus der Analyse der auf sehr einfachen Konzepten beruhenden Schlagtechnïk. Wir versuchen hier, die nicht datierte Industrie anhand dieser Merkmale einzuordnen. Das Unternehmen stöβt allerdings auf gewisse Schwierigkeiten, die verdeutlichen, in welchem Umfang uber den zeitlichen Ablauf der Ausbreitung des Azilien noch immer Unklarheit besteht und die sich aus der Problematik ergeben, Querverbindungen von der einen Region zur andern herzustellen.
Übersetzung : Stefan Wirth
Histoire des feux et pratiques agraires du Néolithique à l'âge du Fer en région Centre : implications territoriales, démographiques et environnementales
Authors: Vannière Boris , Martineau Rémy 
Published: March 2010

Anhand einer in der Region Centre durchgeführten Untersuchung zur Paläoumwelt, die auf einer Rekonstruktion der Sedimentdynamik und der "Geschichte des Feuers" beruht, fragen wir nach der Entwicklung der Agrarwirtschaft vom Neolithikum bis in die Eisenzeit. Während eines ersten Abschnitts des Holozän, nämlich bis zum Frühneolithikum, scheint das Feuerregime im wesentlichen von den Klimabedingungen gesteuert. Öffnungen der Vegetation, wie sie mit Bränden einhergehen, konnten in dieser Zeit menschliche Niederlassungen begünstigen. Im Verlauf des Früh- und des Spätneolithikums, am Anfang und am Ende der Bronzezeit sowie am Anfang der Eisenzeit könnten das Auftreten von Bränden und die Erosionsphänomene dagegen zumindest teilweise auf menschliches Wirken zurückgehen und der Einrichtung und Entwicklung vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Agrarsysteme entsprechen. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten groβer Brandereignisse und von umfangreichen Klingenproduktionen in Grand-Pressigny-Silex bezeugt einen agrarwirtschaftlichen Wandel und unter Umständen auch eine starke territoriale Expansionsbewegung, die als Antwort auf paläodemographische Schwankungen in Abhängigkeit vom Ernährungsbedarf zu sehen wären. Die an Vergleichswerten des Neolithikums und der Eisenzeit beobachteten Unterschiede beim Holzkohleeintrag und bei den Erosionsformen spiegeln ebenfalls eine Entwicklung des Agrarsystems wider. Die prähistorischen Siedelgruppen gingen schrittweise vom System eines Brandrodungswanderfeldbaus zu dem einer Bewirtschaftung der gerodeten Waldbrachen mit Beweidung durch Herden über. Während der Bronzezeit entsprechen die Zeiten der Klimaverschlechterung einer Periode des Niedergangs der Agrarwirtschaft und/oder beträchtlichen Veränderungen der Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsordnung, die letztlich eine dauerhafte Veränderung der Agrarsysteme zur Folge haben. Die Ähnlichkeiten zu den Verhältnissen in anderen Regionen Frankreichs und Europas lassen darauf schlieβen, daβ die beobachteten Erscheinungen weit ausgreifen und an der Gesamtdynamik einer Langzeitentwicklung Anteil haben, die den gemeinsamen Faktoren Demographie und Klima unterworfen ist.
Übersetzung: Stefan Wirth
Termination of Amblyopia Treatment: When to Stop Follow-Up Visits and Risk Factors for Recurrence
Authors: De Weger Christine , Van Den Brom Henry J. B. , Lindeboom Robert 
Published: March 2010

Background:
This study estimated when it is safe to stop follow-up visits after cessation of amblyopia treatment and to identify factors associated with deterioration of visual acuity.

Methods:
Study patients included 282 patients aged 7 to 13 years who were monitored for deterioration after cessation of amblyopia treatment (median follow-up: 3.9 years).

Results:
Six (2.1%) patients lost 2 or more logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution levels of visual acuity and 77 (27.3%) patients lost 1 or more Snellen lines of visual acuity. Good compliance with re-treatment stopped further deterioration and lost visual acuity was regained (average follow-up after re-treatment: 3.3 years). Life table analysis indicated that 95% of the cases that deteriorated occurred within 24 months after cessation of treatment. Multivariable analysis corrected for duration of treatment uncovered factors independently associated with deterioration.

Conclusion:
A clinically important risk of deterioration of visual acuity was found during the first 2 years after cessation of amblyopia treatment. Follow-up time longer than 2 years is recommended in the presence of a developing risk factor such as increasing anisometropia. With prompt re-treatment and good compliance, deterioration can be stopped and visual acuity can be restored.
An Analysis of Neonatal Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Ophthalmologic Problems at Infancy and Early Childhood: A Study of Premature Infants Born at or Before 32 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Saldir Mehmet , Sarici Serdar Umit , Mutlu Fatih Mehmet , Mocan Cem , Altinsoy Halil Ibrahim , Ozcan Okan 
Published: March 2010

Background:
To determine the frequency of ophthalmologic problems and the risk factors that affect the occurrence of these problems in premature newborns with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less.

Methods:
Premature newborns observed at a neonatal intensive care unit between January 2002 and March 2006 were included. A control visit including an ophthalmologic examination was performed at 10 months of age or later. Primary ocular morbidities were studied, and the association between these parameters and prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 169 premature newborns were included in the study, and they were examined at a mean age of 25.85 ± 11.79 months (range: 10 to 42 months). There was complete vision loss (blindness) in 1 (0.6%) case, strabismus in 15 (8.9%) cases, and refractive errors in 10 (5.9%) cases. Twenty (77%) cases with any abnormality and 50 (35%) cases with a normal examination at follow-up had a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at any stage during the neonatal period (
P
= .001). Short gestational age (
P
= .018), low birth weight (
P
= .002), and the presence of ROP requiring retinal surgery during the neonatal period (
P
= .007) were determined to be significant risk factors for the development of vision loss, strabismus, and refractive errors.

Conclusion:
Neonates with a gestational age of 32 weeks or less, especially those younger than 30 weeks, should not only be screened for ROP in the neonatal period, but should also have regular follow-up examinations to check for the development of other ophthalmologic problems during infancy and early childhood.
Extending a model of precarious employment: A qualitative study of immigrant workers in Spain
Authors: Porthé Victoria , Ahonen Emily , Vázquez M. Luisa , Pope Catherine , Agudelo Andrés Alonso , García Ana M. , Amable Marcelo , Benavides Fernando G. , Benach Joan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundSince the 1980s, changes in the labor market have modified power relations between capital and labor, leading to greater levels of precarious employment among workers. Globalization has led to a growth in migration, as people leave their countries in search of work. We aimed to describe the dimensions of precarious employment for immigrant workers in Spain.MethodsQualitative study using analytic induction. Criterion sampling was used to recruit 129 immigrant workers in Spain with documented and undocumented administrative status. Data quality was ensured by triangulation.ResultsImmigrant workers reported that precarious employment is characterized by high job instability, a lack of power for negotiating employment conditions, and defenselessness against high labor demands. They described insufficient wages, long working hours, limited social benefits, and difficulty in exercising their rights. Undocumented workers reported greater defenselessness and worse employment conditions.ConclusionsThis study allowed us to describe the dimensions of precarious employment in immigrant workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:417–424, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Common variants in the TPH1 and TPH2 regions are not associated with persistent ADHD in a combined sample of 1,636 adult cases and 1,923 controls from four European populations
Authors: Johansson Stefan , Halmøy Anne , Mavroconstanti Thegna , Jacobsen Kaya K. , Landaas Elisabeth T. , Reif Andreas , Jacob Christian , Boreatti‐Hümmer Andrea , Kreiker Susanne , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Kan Cornelis C. , Kooij J.J. Sandra , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Franke Barbara , Ribasés Marta , Bosch Rosa , Bayés Mònica , Casas Miguel , Ramos‐Quiroga Josep Antoni , Cormand Bru , Knappskog Per , Haavik Jan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and 2 (TPH1 and TPH2) genes encode the rate‐limiting enzymes in the serotonin biosynthesis. Genetic variants in both genes have been implicated in several psychiatric disorders. For attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, the results are conflicting, and little is known about their role in adult ADHD patients. We therefore first genotype‐tagged all common variants within both genes in a Norwegian sample of 451 patients with a diagnosis of adult ADHD and 584 controls. Six of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were subsequently genotyped in three additional independent European Caucasian samples of adult ADHD cases and controls from the International Multicenter persistent ADHD Collaboration (IMpACT). None of the SNPs reached formal study‐wide significance in the total meta‐analysis sample of 1,636 cases and 1,923 controls, despite having a power of >80% to detect a variant conferring an OR = 1.25 at P = 0.001 level. Only the TPH1 SNP rs17794760 showed nominal significance [OR = 0.84 (0.71–1.00), P = 0.05]. In conclusion, in the single largest ADHD genetic study of TPH1 and TPH2 variants presented to date (n = 3,559 individuals), we did not find consistent evidence for a substantial effect of common genetic variants on persistent ADHD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of shunt response in suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with Alzheimer disease pathology
Authors: Hamilton Roy , Patel Sunil , Lee Edward B. , Jackson Eric M. , Lopinto Joanna , Arnold Steven E. , Clark Christopher M. , Basil Anuj , Shaw Leslie M. , Xie Sharon X. , Grady M. Sean , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo determine the impact of cortical Alzheimer disease pathology on shunt responsiveness in individuals treated for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), 37 patients clinically diagnosed with iNPH participated in a prospective study in which performance on neurologic, psychometric, and gait measures before and 4 months after shunting was correlated with amyloid β plaques, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles observed in cortical biopsies obtained during shunt insertion. No complications resulted from biopsy acquisition. Moderate to severe pathology was associated with worse baseline cognitive performance and diminished postoperative improvement on NPH symptom severity scales, gait measures, and cognitive instruments compared to patients lacking pathology. ANN NEUROL 2010
Effect of line shooter and mainline tension on the sink rates of pelagic longlines and implications for seabird interactions
Authors: Robertson Graham , Candy Steven G. , Wienecke Barbara 
Published: March 2010

Abstract1. The likelihood that seabirds will be hooked and drowned in longline fisheries increases when baited hooks sink slowly. Fishermen target different fishing depths by setting the mainline through a line shooter, which controls the tension (or slackness) in the line. An experiment was conducted in Australia's pelagic longline fishery to test the hypothesis of no difference in sink rates of baited hooks attached to mainline set under varying degrees of tension.2. Mainline was set in three configurations typically used in the fishery: (a) surface set tight with no slackness astern; (b) surface set loose with 2 s of slack astern; and (c) deep set loose with 7 s of slack astern.3. Tension on the mainline had a powerful effect on sink rates. Baited hooks on branch lines attached to tight mainlines reached 2 m depth nearly twice as fast as those on the two loose mainline tensions, averaging 5.8 s (0.35 m s−1) compared with 9.9 s (0.20 m s−1) and 11.0 s (0.18 m s−1) for surface set loose and deep set loose tensions, respectively.4. The likely reason for the difference is propeller turbulence. Tight mainline entered the water aft of the area affected by turbulence whereas the two loose mainlines and the clip ends of branch lines were set directly into it about 1 m astern of the vessel. The turbulence presumably slowed the sink rates of baited hooks at the other end of the branch lines.5. The results suggest that mainline deployed with a line shooter (as in deep setting) into propeller turbulence at the vessel stern slows the sink rates of baited hooks, potentially increasing their availability to seabirds. Unless mainline can be set to avoid propeller turbulence the use of line shooters for deep setting should not be promoted as an effective deterrent to seabirds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical optical coherence tomography of early articular cartilage degeneration in patients with degenerative meniscal tears
Authors: Chu Constance R. , Williams Ashley , Tolliver David , Kwoh C. Kent , Bruno Stephen , Irrgang James J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveQuantitative and nondestructive methods for clinical diagnosis and staging of articular cartilage degeneration are important to the evaluation of potential disease‐modifying treatments in osteoarthritis (OA). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging technology that can generate microscopic‐resolution cross‐sectional images of articular cartilage in near real‐time. This study tested the hypotheses that OCT can be used clinically to identify early cartilage degeneration and that OCT findings correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 values and arthroscopy results.MethodsPatients undergoing arthroscopy for degenerative meniscal tears were recruited under Institutional Review Board–approved protocols. Thirty consecutive subjects completing preoperative 3.0T MRI, arthroscopy, and intraoperative OCT comprised the study group. Qualitative and quantitative OCT results and MRI T2 values were compared with modified Outerbridge cartilage degeneration scores (0–4 scale) assigned at arthroscopy.ResultsArthroscopic grades showed cartilage abnormality in 23 of the 30 patients. OCT grades were abnormal in 28 of the 30 patients. Both qualitative and quantitative OCT strongly correlated with the arthroscopy results (P = 0.004 and P = 0.0002, respectively, by Kruskal‐Wallis test). Neither the superficial nor the deep cartilage T2 values correlated with the arthroscopy results. The quantitative OCT results correlated with the T2 values in the superficial cartilage (Pearson's r = 0.39, P = 0.03).ConclusionThese data show that OCT can be used clinically to provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of early articular cartilage degeneration that strongly correlate with arthroscopy results. The correlation between the quantitative OCT values and T2 values for the superficial cartilage further supports the utility of OCT as a clinical research tool, providing quantifiable microscopic resolution data on the articular cartilage structure. New technologies for nondestructive quantitative assessment of human articular cartilage degeneration may facilitate the development of strategies to delay or prevent the onset of OA.
Spinal tumor necrosis factor α neutralization reduces peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia and suppresses autonomic responses in experimental arthritis: A role for spinal tumor necrosis factor α during induction and maintenance of peripheral inflammation
Authors: Boettger Michael Karl , Weber Konstanze , Grossmann David , Gajda Mieczyslaw , Bauer Reinhard , Bär Karl‐Jürgen , Schulz Steffen , Voss Andreas , Geis Christian , Bräuer Rolf , Schaible Hans‐Georg 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveIn addition to the sensitization of pain fibers in inflamed tissues, the increased excitability of the spinal cord is an important mechanism of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, spinal neuronal excitability has been suggested to play a role in modulating peripheral inflammation. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that spinal actions of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) add significantly to both hyperalgesia and maintenance of peripheral inflammation.MethodsRats with antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) were treated intrathecally with the TNFα‐neutralizing compound etanercept continuously during the complete time course of AIA, which was 3 days for the acute phase and 21 days for the chronic phase. During this time, inflammation and pain‐related behavior were monitored. Since a role for autonomic control of inflammation was proposed, measures from heart rate time series were obtained in the acute phase. Findings were compared with those in vehicle‐treated animals and in animals receiving etanercept intraperitoneally.ResultsSpinally administered etanercept acutely reduced pain‐related behavior, attenuated both the development and the maintenance of inflammation, and was superior to systemic administration. Parameters indicating autonomic modulation showed a shift toward a sympathetically dominated state in vehicle‐treated animals, which was prevented by intrathecal etanercept.ConclusionOur findings indicate that spinal TNFα plays an important role in both pain signaling and modulation of peripheral inflammation. Thus, neutralizing this cytokine at the spinal site not only represents a putative therapeutic option for different pain syndromes, but may be directly used to attenuate peripheral inflammation.