bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross section measurements of (n, 2n), (n, p) and (n, α) reactions on gadolinium isotopes in the neutron energy range of 13.5 to 14.8 MeV
Authors: Luo Junhua , Liu Rong , Jiang Li , Sun Guihua , Liu Zhenlai , Zhou Fengqun 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Cross sections for (n, 2n), (n, p), and (n, α) reactions have been measured on gadolinium isotopes at the neutron energies from 13.5 to 14.8 MeV using the activation technique in combination with high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy. Neutrons were produced via the 3H(d, n) 4He reaction using solid TiT. The neutron fluences were determined using the monitor reactions 93Nb(n, 2n)92mNb and 27Al(n, α) 24Na. The neutron energy in this measurement was determined by cross section ratios for the 90Zr(n, 2n)89m+gZr and 93Nb(n, 2n)92mNb reactions. Data are reported for the following reactions: 152Gd(n, 2n) 151Gd, 154Gd(n, 2n) 153Gd, 160Gd(n, 2n) 159Gd, 156Gd(n, p) 156Eu, 157Gd(n, p) 157Eu, 158Gd(n, p) 158Eu, and 158Gd(n, α) 155Sm. The cross sections are discussed and compared with the experimental data found in the literature.
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in a general population: the Tromsø study
Authors: Hutchinson Moira Strand , Grimnes Guri , Joakimsen Ragnar Martin , Figenschau Yngve , Jorde Rolf 
Published: February 2010

ObjectiveEcologic and observational studies have suggested an association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, CVD mortality, and cancer mortality. Based on this, low serum 25(OH)D levels should be associated with higher all-cause mortality in a general population. This hypothesis was tested in the present study.DesignThe Tromsø study is a longitudinal population-based multipurpose study initiated in 1974 with focus on lifestyle-related diseases. Our data are based on the fourth Tromsø study carried out in 1994–1995.MethodsInformation about death and cause of death was registered by obtaining information from the National Directory of Residents and the Death Cause Registry. Serum 25(OH)D was measured in 7161 participants in the fourth Tromsø study. Results are presented for smokers (n=2410) and non-smokers (n=4751) separately as our immunoassay seems to overestimate 25(OH)D levels for smokers.ResultsDuring a mean 11.7 years of follow-up, 1359 (19.0%) participants died. In multivariate regression models, there was a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.32, confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.62) among non-smoking participants in the lowest 25(OH)D quartile when compared with participants in the highest quartile. Equivalent results for smokers were not significant (HR 1.06, CI 0.83–1.35).ConclusionsLow serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased all-cause mortality for non-smokers, but the results did not reach statistical significance for smokers. However, low 25(OH)D levels are known to be associated with impaired general health, and randomized controlled studies are needed to address the question of causality.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Stress Scale for Parents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate Children—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lei Ruoh-Lih , Wang Shiaw-Ling , Cheng Chung-Ping , Chen Philip Kuo-Ting , Chin Chi-Chun 
Published: February 2010

Objective To develop the Stress Scale for Parents With Cleft Lip and/or Palate Children in Taiwan and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale with a group of parents who have children with cleft lip and/or palate. Design In phase 1, qualitative procedures were conducted in constructing the item pool for the Stress Scale for Parents With Cleft Lip and/or Palate Children. Psychometric properties of the scale were assessed in phase 2. Setting Outpatient department of a children's hospital in northern Taiwan. Participants Phase 1 included 21 parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate. Phase 2 included 184 parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate. Interventions The item pool was developed by interview, content analysis, and literature review. Problematic items were identified by item analysis. Main Outcome Measures Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity. Reliabilities were evaluated by Cronbach alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Thirty-three items with a content validity index greater than .80 were recognized. They were grouped into four categories by exploratory factor analysis and accounted for 42.34% of the total variance. Internal consistency reliability was high for the total scale (Cronbach a = .90) and ranged from .71 to .84 on the subscales. Test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient was .94 on the total scale (p < .0001, 95% confidence interval) and from .90 to .96 for the subscales. Conclusions The Stress Scale for Parents With Cleft Lip and/or Palate Children appears to be a reliable tool with strong evidence of content and construct validity that may be useful in assessing parental stress in the caretakers of children with cleft lip and/or palate.
Fixed-Dose-Rate Gemcitabine: A Viable First-Line Treatment Option for Advanced Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Milella Michele , Gelibter Alain J. , Pino Maria Simona , Bossone Giandominik , Marolla Paolo , Sperduti Isabella , Cognetti Francesco 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background.
We have already reported on fixed-dose-rate gemcitabine (FDR-Gem) in advanced, inoperable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC) in the context of a formal phase II study; building on that experience, we have now expanded the study to reach a cumulative accrual of 106 patients.

Methods.
One hundred six patients (PDAC/BTC, 75/31) were treated with weekly FDR-Gem (1,000 mg/m2 infused at 10 mg/m2 per minute). Patient characteristics included: male-to-female ratio, 0.83; median age, 63 years (range, 28–82); metastatic disease in 66% of patients; and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score of 0–1 in 81% of patients.

Results.
The median and total number of treatment weeks delivered were 8 (range, 2–22) and 1,154, respectively. Thirteen percent of patients achieved an objective response, 42% experienced a positive clinical benefit response, and 54% achieved a &gt;50% reduction in serum cancer antigen (CA)19.9 levels. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times for the entire population were 4.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5–5.1 months) and 7.7 months (95% CI, 6.3–8.8 months), respectively, with 20% of patients alive at 1 year. On multivariate analysis, a CA19.9 reduction &gt;50% and baseline ECOG PS score of 0 were the only independent predictors of PFS and OS, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, with grade 3–4 neutropenia in 47 of 1,154 treatment weeks (4.1%), and grade 3 anemia and thrombocytopenia in 8 of 1,154 (0.7%) and 16 of 1,154 (1.4%) treatment weeks, respectively.

Conclusions.
Currently available evidence, including this updated analysis, supports the use of FDR-Gem as a first-line option in advanced PDAC, and possibly in BTC, patients and prompts the continued evaluation of this approach in combination regimens.
Using 3D Virtual Models for Real-Time Operations: A Practical Case Study
Authors: Stafford B. , Hauser M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
As an industry we often say that we should learn from the lessons of others. This is an example of such a case. The United States Department of Defense is developing the next generation Battlefield of the Future concept, and as a part of that effort they are using gaming technology to create a situational awareness tool for the operating theater. Chevron Corporation and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) have teamed to develop a proof of concept using this approach to evaluate its usefulness for operations and simulation/modeling in the oilfield environment, in addition to the proven applicability for training personnel.
A virtual model of a Chevron Corporation onshore brownfield asset was developed using a commercially available game development engine. Geospatial information, real-time operational data and organizational knowledge were integrated into the 3-dimensional (3-D) models to provide a virtual operating environment. Such an environment would enable operators to virtually ‘tour’ the fields and prioritize activities before leaving their consoles, and provide engineers a richer understanding of the interaction between wells, facilities, and gathering systems. In addition, by integrating specialized tools (e.g., network optimizers); ‘what-if’ scenarios can be visually interpreted within the virtual world for easier assimilation and learning. The resulting virtual model also facilitates collaboration functionality due to its inherent support for multiple users (avatars and instant messaging) and the rich 3-D visual capability, making it easy to facilitate field planning activities like well placements, as well as road and facility construction before construction actually starts.
Future functionality could include real-time personnel and asset tracking using live global positioning system (GPS) data fed into the 3-D virtual model. This platform can also lead to the development of ‘intelligent’ workflows based on best practices, which can be refined and captured through the environment, and then guide users through routine troubleshooting and surveillance tasks based on those workflows (guided workflows). The next phase in the evolution of this paradigm is to be able to exercise supervisory control of field facilities through this environment by interfacing with the underlying supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and distributed control system (DCS) systems.
A live demo of this proof of concept will be presented along with current findings.
Predictive Analytics and Collaboration Drive Reliability Performance
Authors: Snyder Tim 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The business of reliability management is to keep equipment up and running or available to run while managing the costs to operate and maintain it. Companies have made significant investments in condition-monitoring instrumentation and information infrastructure, but each firm will have a unique point of diminishing returns. Some companies have established centralized collaboration centers and have re-engineered their work processes in order to break through this diminishing- returns barrier. Others that are not yet ready to make the full change can apply five critical success factors observed in established collaboration centers that have demonstrated reliability-performance improvements: Putting equipment operating condition into context. Dynamic equipment requires views of mechanical condition in the context of the overall process. This applies both to rotating equipment and to processing equipment.Managing data by exception. The blizzard of data now available requires machine learning and management by exception to reduce data into usable information.Using both predictive analytics and deep diagnostics as complementary technologies that operate in different timeframes. Deep diagnostics include vibration signature analysis and cylinder performance analysis, while predictive analytics employs pattern recognition algorithms to detect minor events and anomalies.Communicating observations, diagnoses, recommendations, and learnings through collaboration tools. Such tools add value on multiple fronts that include knowledge transfer and equipment-specific learning such as Root Cause Analysis.Managing the findings in an asset-management system or collaboration system. This provides feedback for further improvement.
A case-study example that uses predictive analytics will demonstrate these concepts, beginning at event detection and extending through diagnostics, collaboration, field action, and information consolidation.
The direct deliverable is time: time for engineers to focus where they add most value, time to plan equipment outages that might otherwise have been unplanned, and time to produce oil and gas that might be lost to unplanned downtime.
Mega I-Field Application in the World's Largest Oil Increment Development
Authors: Al-Mulhim Waleed A. , Faddagh Hussain A. , Shehab Mahdi A. , Shamrani Sultan S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the mega application of I-Field concept in Khurais Increment, the world's largest oil increment development in history. The field was developed to be fully intelligent from day one, thus, I-field infrastructure was part of the initial development plan and investment. Leveraging experience and lessons learned from previous I- Fields, and utilizing advances in technology, this application has better surveillance, higher reliability, and more utilities for end-users to manage and translate data into actionable information.
Khurais Increment benefited from I-Field prior to field commissioning allowing the optimization of requirements and enhancing development. I-Field enabled drilling wells using real-time remote geosteering. It also enabled reservoir characterization by facilitating the performance of several reservoir interference tests including field-wide test within the reservoir and full reservoir-to-reservoir test to understand communication.
Khurais I-Field also played a key role for a smooth, expedited, and optimized increment commissioning. Engineers were able to have precise and remote control over well rates to perform capacity tests and meet start up targets. It also enabled them to pinpoint wells and equipments that require attention immediately upon problem occurrence, thus allocating the required resources in a timely manner.
Finally, post-field commissioning, Khurais I-Field enabled engineers to manage production and injection strategies, integrate, and collaborate. With a full suite of applications integrated at the engineer's desktop, he or she is able to monitor over 50 different well parameters, intelligently by exception, and make faster more informed decisions to achieve real-time reservoir management. And although the field was only put on production recently, I-Field has made a significant impact which translated into achieving uniform pressure propagation across the field which is expected to prevent pre-mature water encroachment and enhance ultimate recovery.
Overview of Saudi Aramco's Intelligent Field Program
Authors: AbdulKarim Abdulaziz , AL-Dhubaib Tofig , Elrafie Emad , Alamoudi Mohammad O. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Recent advancement in well technologies, communications and field instrumentation has made it possible to achieve total asset awareness and optimize operations over the field's development lifecycle. This is achieved by leveraging fields’ real-time data for continuous monitoring and right-time response throughout the development processes. Right-time response has two components: Fast Interventions being done today as a product of an intra-process optimization, and Strategic Interventions based on more detailed modeling, discussed in the next steps section. The results of this integration have led to optimized drilling operations and well placements, increased production rates, and improved reservoir management and production operations. Real-time integration in the business processes, in turn, has introduced further opportunities for higher hydrocarbon recoveries and lower operating costs and capital expenditures. In the industry, integration of the various digital surface and subsurface technologies into E&P business processes has been given different names, such as Smart fields, Intelligent Field (I-Field), Digital Oil Field Of the Future (DOFOF), integrated field (i-field) and Integrated Operations (IO). Four major projects have been implemented in Saudi Aramco to take advantage of the digital field development opportunities in major E&P upstream business processes.
This paper provides an overview of Saudi Aramco's implementation approach and experience in integrating real-time data in the upstream business processes, such as Drilling and Completions through Real-time Drilling Operation and Geosteering, Production Operations and Reservoir Management through Intelligent Field, and Development Planning and Optimization through Event Solution.
Hedgehog Signaling in Pancreas Epithelium Regulates Embryonic Organ Formation and Adult β-Cell Function
Authors: Lau Janet , Hebrok Matthias 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Current studies indicate that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling must be excluded during early stages of pancreas formation. However, conflicting evidence suggests that Hh signaling may be active later during pancreas formation and that it is required for insulin production and secretion in cultured β-cell lines. The objective of this study was to address these discrepancies by assessing the in vivo role of epithelial Hh signaling in the pancreas.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
To identify Hh-active cells in the developing and adult pancreas epithelium, we characterized transgenic reporter Patched1-LacZ mice. To determine the requirement for epithelial Hh signaling in the pancreas, we eliminated an essential Hh signaling component, Smoothened (Smo), in the pancreatic epithelium, and assessed pancreatic development and adult β-cell physiology phenotypes.

RESULTS
Characterization of Patched1-LacZ reporter mice revealed low-level LacZ expression in pancreatic epithelial cells throughout development until birth, when LacZ activity increases in intensity specifically in endocrine and ductal cells. In the absence of Hh signaling, Smo-deficient mice have delayed pancreas formation leading to a temporary reduction in pancreatic epithelium and β-cell numbers. Although β-cell numbers recover by birth, adult Smo-deficient mice display glucose intolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced total insulin production.

CONCLUSIONS
These data show that Hh signaling functions early during pancreas morphogenesis to regulate epithelial and β-cell expansion and to modulate glucose metabolism by regulating insulin production in adult mice.
Lipoprotein Particle Size and Concentration by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Mora Samia , Otvos James D. , Rosenson Robert S. , Pradhan Aruna , Buring Julie E. , Ridker Paul M. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic dyslipoproteinemia is characterized by low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides. We examined the association of lipoprotein particle size and concentration measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with clinical type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of 26,836 initially healthy women followed for 13 years for incident type 2 diabetes (n = 1,687). Baseline lipids were measured directly and lipoprotein size and concentration by NMR. Cox regression models included nonlipid risk factors (age, race, smoking, exercise, education, menopause, blood pressure, BMI, family history, A1C, and C-reactive protein). NMR lipoproteins were also examined after further adjusting for standard lipids.

RESULTS
Incident diabetes was significantly associated with baseline HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and NMR-measured size and concentration of LDL, IDL, HDL, and VLDL particles. The associations of these particles differed substantially by size. Small LDLNMR and small HDLNMR were positively associated with diabetes (quintile 5 vs. 1 [adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs], 4.04 [3.21–5.09] and 1.84 [1.54–2.19], respectively). By contrast, large LDLNMR and large HDLNMR were inversely associated (quintile 1 vs. 5, 2.50 [2.12–2.95] and 4.51 [3.68–5.52], respectively). For VLDLNMR, large particles imparted higher risk than small particles (quintile 5 vs. 1, 3.11 [2.35–4.11] and 1.31 [1.10–1.55], respectively). Lipoprotein particle size remained significant after adjusting for standard lipids and nonlipid factors.

CONCLUSIONS
In this prospective study of women, NMR lipoprotein size and concentrations were associated with incident type 2 diabetes and remained significant after adjustment for established risk factors, including HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
Associations of Hyperglycemia and Insulin Usage With the Risk of Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes: The Hong Kong Diabetes Registry
Authors: Yang Xilin , Ko Gary T.C. , So Wing Yee , Ma Ronald C.W. , Yu Linda W.L. , Kong Alice P.S. , Zhao Hailu , Chow Chun-Chung , Tong Peter C.Y. , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE
Insulin has mitogenic effects, although hyperglycemia may be a risk factor for cancer in type 2 diabetes. It remains uncertain whether use of insulin increases cancer risk because of its effect on cell growth and proliferation or decreases cancer risk because of its glucose-lowering effect.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A 1:2-matched new insulin user cohort on age (±3 years), smoking status, and likelihood of initiating insulin therapy (±0.05) was selected from a cohort of 4,623 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, free of cancer, and naive to insulin at enrollment. Stratified Cox regression analysis on the matched pairs was used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) of insulin therapy and A1C for cancer risk. A structured adjustment scheme was used to adjust for covariates.

RESULTS
Of 973 new insulin users, 971 had matched nonusers (n = 1935). The cancer incidence in insulin nonusers was much higher than that in insulin users (49.2 vs. 10.2, per 1,000 person-years, P &lt; 0.0001). After further adjustment for all other covariates with a P value less than 0.3 and nonlinear associations with cancer, A1C was associated with an increased cancer risk (HR per percentage 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.55), whereas use of insulin was associated with a decreased cancer risk (HR of insulin users vs. nonusers: 0.17, 0.09–0.32). Consistent results were found in analyses including all 973 insulin users and 3,650 nonusers.

CONCLUSIONS
In Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia predicts cancer, whereas insulin usage was associated with a reduced cancer risk.