bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gestalt-Based Counseling on the Level of Self-Esteem and Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women
Authors: Noormohamadi Parinaz , Ahmadi Atefeh , Jahani Yunes , Alidousti Katayoun 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Violence against women is a health problem that poses an additional threat to the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Gestalt counseling on self-esteem and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
This clinical trial was carried out on 60 pregnant women who were referred to health-care centers in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. Simple random sampling was performed through lottery. The intervention group (n = 30) received counseling in eight weekly sessions of 45 min using the Gestalt approach. The control group was placed on a waiting list. There was no blinding during the study. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Domestic Violence Questionnaire designed by Mohseni Tabrizi, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale before and after counseling.

Results:
Differences between the groups in terms of mean score of violence (intervention: t34= 1.81, p = 0.08; control: t34= 1.41, p = 0.16) and self-esteem (intervention: t34= 1.87, p = 0.07; control: t34= 1, p = 0.32) in the pretest and posttest were not significant. Analysis of covariance results showed a significant difference between the intervention 21.79 (10.62) and control groups 21.79 (10.62) in terms of mean (SD) violence (F
1,67= 1.97, p = 0.049) after the counseling sessions. It also showed a significant difference between the intervention 74.47 (14.61) and control groups 66.28 (15.14) in terms of self-esteem after the intervention (F
1,67= 5.02, p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Considering the impact of the Gestalt approach on IPV and self-esteem, it is recommended that health-care providers be educated about using the Gestalt approach and apply it in communication with women.
The Effects of Passive Blinking on Exposure Keratopathy among Patients in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Rezaei Korosh , Amini Nazanin , Rezaei Reza , Rafiei Fatemeh , Harorani Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are at risk of eye disorders such as Exposure keratopathy (EK) due to impaired blinking and incomplete eye closure. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of passive blinking exercise (PBE) on EK among patients in ICUs.

Materials and Methods:
This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted in 2017. The study participants included 51 patients purposively recruited from the three ICUs of Valiasr Teaching Hospital, Arak, Iran. Through coin tossing, one eye of each participant was randomly allocated to the intervention group and the other to the control group. The eye in the control group received routine eye care, whereas the eye in the intervention group received routine eye care and PBE for a week. EK prevalence and severity were assessed daily for 7 consecutive days using fluorescein eye staining papers and an ophthalmoscope with a cobalt blue filter.

Results:
The study groups did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the baseline prevalence and severity of EK. After the intervention, the prevalence of EK (χ
2 = 13.44, df = 1, p < 0.001) and the prevalence of grade II EK (χ
2 = 8.33, df = 1, p = 0.003) in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group.

Conclusions:
PBE is effective in significantly reducing EK prevalence and severity among patients in ICUs. Therefore, critical care nurses are recommended to use PBE for EK prevention and management.
Perceived Challenges Caused by Covid-19 Outbreak in Students of Medical Sciences
Authors: Baghcheghi Nayereh , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Karimy Mahmood , Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan , Ghorbani Ali Asghar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Students of medical sciences are a highly vulnerable group during COVID-19 pandemic who may experience a wide range of challenges and stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived challenges caused by COVID-19 outbreak in students of medical sciences.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative study was carried out based on conventional qualitative content analysis following Graneheim and Lundman from December 2020 to February 2021. The participants were 17 students of medical sciences and data gathering was done through semistructured interviews.

Results:
Data analyses revealed 5 categories and 12 subcategories. The extracted categories were perceived fear of contracting coronavirus, social limitation, changes in education, neglecting health protocols, and worrying news and information overload.

Conclusions:
The findings indicated that students of medical sciences had been facing challenges and the COVID-19 had affected the psychological, social, and academic functioning of the health-care students. It is important to take measures to improve their mental health. These measures can prevent medical complications in these students, especially during clinical internship.
Assessing the Virtual Social Networks Usage among Nursing Students
Authors: Hame-Morad Jamal , Namdar-Areshtanab Hossein , Ebrahimi Hossein , Arshadi-Bostanabad Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nowadays, virtual social networks are among the most essential communication tools in the exchange of science, knowledge, and technology and are very popular among different peoples of the society, especially nursing students. They can also influence academic success. The present study was aimed to investigate the use of social networks among nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:
This study adopts a descriptive cross-sectional design and employed 406 nursing students in 2018 by means of the convenience sampling method. For data collection, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and social network usage was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The mean (SD) of social networking usage was 116.81 (17.20) out of the achievable score range of 38 to 190, where the highest and lowest scores were related to dimensions of content sharing (73.56%) and unconventional issues (51.00%), respectively. There was a significant statistical relationship between total score of social networking usage which included the variables of grade point average (r = -0.17, p = 0.000), average daily study hours in non-exam periods (r = -0.10 and p < 0.04), family income (F2,375 = 6.28, p < 0.001), number of siblings (F4,350 = 4.98, p < 0.001), and academic semester (F6,376 = 2.12, p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Given the high percentage of students enrolled and the aim of using these networks, proper planning for the management of cyberspace is necessary to take advantage of the benefits of social networks and reduce their disadvantages.
Principal Factors Affecting Couples' Childbearing Policies
Authors: Hashemzadeh Mozhgan , Shariati Mohammad , Nazari AliMohammad , Keramat Afsaneh , Ebrahimi Elham 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The concept of negative population growth, population aging, and the need to implement child-encouraging policies is an important concern in many countries. As this issue is completely cultural and country-based, this study is designed to assess and prioritize the perception of newly married couples to the policies that may have a crucial role in the childbearing intention around the world.

Materials and Methods:
Through a descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 couples were selected by a simple random sampling method. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used for investigating the relationships among dimensions of family policies, socio-demographic variables, and childbearing intention.

Results:
Childbearing perception positively correlated with education and permanent job in both genders, maternal age range of 25–35, the higher length of marriage, having more children, and living in a government settlement. The most important family policies that couples preferred were contextual requirements (mean rank of 4.50%). Positive childbearing perception negatively correlated with higher age categories in women, the number of children, rental housing status, no insurance access, higher educational attainment, and low employment ranks in both men and women.

Conclusions:
This study cleared that family policies affect the childbearing intention of young couples. Polices involved contextual requirements, supporting couples to integrate work and home, health promotion plans, child-centered social support, and promoting the level of social and cultural relations.
Motivation for Healing in Cancer Patients
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Alavi Negin Masoudi , Mohammadi Eesa , Sadat Zohreh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Studies have revealed that motivation plays a vital role in a person's ability to heal. The nature of motivation for healing in cancer patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of motivation for healing in cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
A qualitative research approach was used as the study design. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews and the themes were derived from the data using the inductive content analysis method. The patients consisted of 34 cancer patients, 4 family members, 1 psychologist, 1 oncologist, and 3 nurses. The participants were interviewed in the cancer clinics or chemotherapy wards.

Results:
Based on the results of the interviews, three main themes and seven categories were determined. The themes were identified as (i) the desire to survive, (ii) a spirit of optimism, and (iii) belongingness and responsibility.

Conclusions:
The results of this study could be used by researchers to develop tools to measure motivation in cancer patients, and to design intervention mechanisms to enhance the patients' motivation in cancer care. Moreover, a better understanding of motivation can improve psychosocial support in oncology nursing.
Trying to Control the Situation
Authors: Shoorab Nahid Jahani , Mirzakhani Kobra , Aradmehr Maryam , Irani Morvarid 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Midwives are at the frontlines of the fight against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Working under these circumstances threatens their lives and that of their family members; midwives’ adjustment to work increases their efficiency in providing care services to pregnant mothers, but midwives’ coping process is ambiguous and complex. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the coping process of midwives with their professional roles following COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted using grounded theory during 2020 to 2021. For this purpose, 30 midwives were purposively and theoretically selected from two educational hospitals and health centers in Mashhad and Torbat Heydarieh cities, Iran. The data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method (2008) in MAXQDA software.

Results:
The main concern of the participants was “perception of the threats to their health” and the core category revealed from the data was “trying to control the situation.” Midwives coped with the COVID-19 pandemic in four steps, namely early initial confrontation, reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic, management of challenges, and reconstructing. Support from family and the health system and religious belief were the interventional conditions in this theory.

Conclusions:
Results of this study can be used to provide health managers with a better understanding of the conditions affecting the coping strategies of midwives with their professional roles during COVID-19. Therefore, this study provides the required data for developing an effective intervention to help nurse midwives to cope with this issue.
Internalized Stigma and its Association with Hope, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Treatment Adherence among Outpatients with Severe Mental Illness: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Hamidi Samira , Ebrahimi Hossein , Vahidi Maryam , Areshtanab Hossein Namdar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study investigated the association between internalized stigma and hope, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and treatment adherence and explored the most influential and predictive factor of internalized stigma among patients with severe mental disorders.

Materials and Methods:
This correlational descriptive study was conducted on 257 outpatients diagnosed with severe mental illness according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria. The participants were seeking treatment at outpatient and affiliated clinics of Razi Hospital, Iran, from October 2018 to May 2019. We used a convenient sampling design. Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Drug Attitude Inventory were used to gather data. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, coefficient logistic, and regression analyses) at a 0.05 significance level.

Results:
The mean (standard deviation) score of internalized stigma was 1.57 (0.49), and 58% of the participants reported moderate to high internalized stigma. A negative significant relationship was found between internalized stigma and hope (r = −0.55, p < 0.05), self-esteem (r = −0.66, p < 0.05), and self-efficacy (r = −0.64, p < 0.05). Treatment adherence was not found to be significantly associated with the internalized stigma. In the final regression model, self-esteem and self-efficacy significantly predicted internalized stigma.

Conclusions:
Given the crucial role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in predicting internalized stigma, nurses should devote special attention to these factors and use strategies to improve individuals’ self-esteem and self-efficacy.
Relationship between False Positive Screening Results of Down Syndrome and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Honarjoo Maryam , Kohan Shahnaz , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad , Zarean Elahe , Sepahi Soheila , Safari Zeinab 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Maternal serum sample screening in the first and second trimesters has been commonly used to identify women who are at risk of fetal trisomy 21. In addition, these serum markers are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between false positive screening results of Down syndrome and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Material and Methods:
This prospective, two-group, cohort study was conducted on 608 pregnant women who had undergone fetal contingent screening. They were selected through convenience sampling in the twentieth week of pregnancy and were followed up until delivery. The raw Odd Ratios (OR), Relative Risk (RR), and adjusted OR of adverse pregnancy outcomes were calculated in the false positive and true negative groups.

Results:
The adjusted OR of developing preeclampsia was 1.98 (95%CI: 1.14–3.42), and its RR was 2.13 (95%CI: 1.34–3.38) times higher in the false positive group. Moreover, the adjusted OR of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) was 2.80 (95%CI: 1.76–4.47), and its RR was 2.28 (95%CI: 1.54–3.36) times higher in the false positive group. The adjusted OR of Low Birth Weight (LBW) was 3.34 (95%CI: 1.97–5.64), and its RR was 2.65 (95%CI: 1.72–4.11) times higher in the false positive group. In addition, no significant difference was observed between false positive and true negative groups in terms of preterm birth.

Conclusions:
Women with a false positive fetal screening test result are more likely to suffer from preeclampsia, SGA, and LBW and require planned prenatal care.
Predictive Factors Contributing to Strain and Burden among Jordanian’s Caregivers in Chronic Disease
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Ahmad B. , Alnjadat Rafi , Khraisat Adam Mahmoud 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
It is well known that caregivers are at risk of suffering from diseases, including chronic ones, which might increase the burden of the healthcare worker.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jordan on 143 caregivers who were randomly selected to participate in self-administered Quality of Life in Life-Threatening Illness—Family Carer Version (QOLLTI-F) questionnaire. The variables were tested using simple linear regression analyses in the SPSS.

Results:
Male Jordanian caregivers who provide unpaid care, reported lower quality of life than their female counterparts (p = 0.028), (p = 0.077), respectively. A high statistically significant result was found between unshared and shared care (p = 0.009). Statistically significant results were determined between single caregivers compared with those who were married or divorced (p = 0.894 and p = 0.041, respectively).

Conclusions:
This study concludes that gender, care status, type of care, and marital status are direct predictors of quality of life among Jordanian caregivers.
The Effects of Cool Dialysate on Vital Signs, Adequacy and Complications during Hemodialysis
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Toulabi Tahereh , Sajadi Mahbobeh , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cooling the dialysate is an important factor that contributes to the hemodynamic stability in patients during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cool dialysate on vital signs, and the adequacy and common complications of hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods:
The present crossover, triple-blind, clinical trial was performed on 62 dialysis patients, who were selected through stratified block randomization. First, one group underwent hemodialysis using a cool dialysate (35°C), and the other received routine hemodialysis (36.5°C). Each patient received a total of eight hemodialysis sessions. Then, treatment methods were swapped, and each group received the other group's method. The patients' blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature were measured before dialysis, and in the first, second, third, and fourth hours of dialysis. The frequency of common complications of hemodialysis and dialysis efficacy were measured. The marginal model and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The participants' systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressures significantly increased with a decrease in temperature (p = 0.005). The patients' pulse rate (p = 0.143), adequacy of dialysis (p = 0.922), and common complications of hemodialysis did not significantly differ between the two temperatures (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Reducing dialysate temperature from 36.5 to 35°C led to hemodynamic stability; the blood pressure of the patients undergoing hemodialysis was more stable with the cool dialysate method and the number of drops in the blood pressure during the hemodialysis was reduced.
Investigating the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Body Image with Postpartum Depression in Women Referring to Health Centres in Iran
Authors: Bakhteh Azam , Salari Nader , Jaberghaderi Nasrin , Khosrorad Tahereh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Depression is the most important postpartum mental disorder that can lead to irreversible damage to family health if not addressed, including inability to provide maternal care, impaired mother–child relationship, impaired growth, and development of the child, to marital problems, and sometimes the risk of suicide and infant death. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and body image with postpartum depression.

Material and Method:
In this study, 150 pregnant women in the third trimester and 6 weeks postpartum completed the Short Form Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS-SF), Multidimensional Self-Body Relationships (MBSRQ), and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Inventory (EPDS). Depending on the type of study, descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative, frequency, and relative frequency variables. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of the distribution of scores in each questionnaire. Data were analyzed using parametric proportional statistical tests (paired t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression) at the level of significance less than 0.05.

Results:
Based on the findings, the relationship between self-compassion and postpartum depression was not significant. Self-kindness had a significant positive relationship, and self-judgement had a significant negative relationship with depression (p < 0.01). Body image had a significant predictive effect on postpartum depression (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Negative body image as a risk factor for postpartum depression should be considered by healthcare providers and used in the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression.
DIR/Floor Time in Engaging Autism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Divya KY , Begum Farzana , John Sheeba Elizabeth , Francis Frincy 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, which affects various multiple areas of a child’s development. The objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and appraise the effect of floortime in engaging autism disorder among children.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline. The search terms used were DIR/floor time, ASD, floortime and autism, relationship therapy and autism, floortime, and ASDs. The studies, which described floortime in engaging children with ASD, full-text available in English, the sample had no comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, and the articles published in English from 2010 to 2020 were included in the review. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review.

Results:
The results showed substantial progress in different levels of functioning of autistic children with floortime. Home-based floortime improved emotive functioning, communication, and daily living skills, the parent-child interactions were improved as expressed by mothers, and also certain demographic factors of the parents have significantly influenced the floortime outcome. There were no adverse events to children or parents during floortime.

Conclusions:
In general, we concluded that floortime is a cost-effective, completely child-led approach, which could be initiated as early as possible. If started early by healthcare professionals, it can be vital in improving social and emotional development among children.