bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric Outcome after One Previous Ceasarean Section
Authors: Perveen F. , Shah Q. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of trial of labour (TOL) after one previous ceasarean section.Methods: A total of 2,447 deliveries were conducted during this study period over 22 months. Out of these patients 167 women had one previous ceasarean birth, 112 (67.1%) of whom underwent trial of labour.Results: Seventy‐two (64.28%) of these patients achieved vaginal delivery. This success rate would be much higher if fixed protocol could be applied to all the patients. Fourty‐six point fifteen percent of patients with past indication for ceasarean section due to cephalopelvic disproportion also delivered vaginally. This advocates that each patient should be selected on individual merits and the past indication for ceasarean section should be reviewed. One maternal death occurred in this study which was due to anaesthetic complication while the perinatal mortality rate in this group was slightly higher as compared to national perinatal mortality rate, reason discussed in the text.Conclusion: It is safe to offer TOL provided patient is carefully selected and monitored.
Detection of Pregnant Women at Risk of Cervical Incompetence by Transvaginal Sonography during Straining
Authors: Sherif Lotfy Sh. , Shalan Hesham M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the ability of transvaginal sonography (TVS) undertaken, during straining to detect incompetent cervix in pregnant women at risk.Method; Forty‐seven pregnant women with risk factor(s) for cervical incompetence and 22 pregnant women (control) were evaluated for cervical changes detected by TVS during rest, transfundal pressure and during the stress induced by straining.Results: The control group demonstrated no cervical changes. The changes were more significant during straining than with transfundal pressure. In the group with risk factor(s), 48.9% showed negative response and 51.1% demonstrated positive response. The pregnancy outcome was more favourable in the group with negative response (full term pregnancy 82.6% vs 70.8%, preterm delivery 13% vs 16.7% and pregnancy loss 4.4% vs 12.5%).Conclusion: TVS during straining can be applied as a stress test in women at risk for cervical incompetence.
Cystic Teratoma of the Greater Omentum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Furuhashi Madoka , Katsumata Yoshinari , Oda Hiroyuki , Imai Nobuaki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCystic teratoma in the greater omentum remains one of gynecology's rarest entities. A 28‐year‐old woman presented with a goose‐egg‐sized mass in the right lower quadrant. At laparotomy, the mass proved to be a cystic teratoma of the greater omentum. To our knowledge, this report documents the first case where an omental pedicle was torsioned.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Pulmonary Atresia by Fetal Echocardiography
Authors: Uerpairojkit Boonchai , Charoenvidhya Dhiraphongs , Tannirandorn Yuen , Chottivittayatanakorn Pairoj , Witoonpanich Pairoj , Phaosavasdi Sukhit 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWith an improvement in cardiac imaging during the past 20 years, fetal echocardiography has progressively altered the practice of obstetricians and become a principle armamentarium for the diagnosis of fetal heart diseases. We presented a case of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum diagnosed prenatally using fetal echocardiography.
Effects of Gonadotropin, Estrogen, and Progesterone on c‐mos Gene Expression in Mouse Oocytes in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Hanai Kazuo , Suganuma Nobuhiko , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Furuhashi Madoka , Tomoda Yutaka 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To analyze the effects of gonadotropin and ovarian steroid hormones on the gene expression of c‐mos in mouse oocytes.Methods: The changes of c‐mos messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in oocytes were examined after the administration of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in vivo, or after incubation with estrogen and/or progesterone in vitro. Five IU PMSG was injected intraperitoneally to female immature mice, and human chorionic gonadotropin was also injected intraperitoneally 48 hours after the PMSG injection, with or without mating with male mice. The oocytes were collected from follicles or oviducts at 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, and 84 hours after the injection. The RNAs were extracted from 5 oocytes at each time point, and a reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction using specific primers to c‐mos DNA was performed to measure the relative amount of c‐mos mRNA.Results: The c‐mos mRNA in oocytes at 36 hours after the injection was 2.7 times higher than that at 24 hours. The c‐mos mRNA level gradually decreased thereafter, and after ovulation the level was only 1/10 of the peak level. When the oocytes that were retrieved 24 hours after PMSG injection were incubated with 800 ng/ml estradiol 17‐β or 600 ng/ml progesterone for 120 minutes, the c‐mos gene expression was significantly suppressed or stimulated, respectively, in comparison with the absence of these substances.Conclusion: Although the regulatory mechanism of c‐mos gene expression in oocytes is still unclear because the result obtained from the in vitro study, that estrogen suppressed the c‐mos gene expression directly, was inconsistent with the result of the in vivo study, that increases of both c‐mos mRNA and estrogen occurred simultaneously with PMSG stimulation in the early phase of preovulatory oocytes, our present study revealed that gonadotropin and steroid hormones might affect c‐mos gene expression in mouse oocytes indirectly and/or directly.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in the Japanese Population by Fluorescent CA Repeat Polymorphisms Analysis
Authors: Shiroshita Yoshiko , Katayama Susumu 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate the efficacy of CA repeat analysis using fluorescence‐labeled primers in the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the Japanese population.Methods: Allelic frequencies of polymorphic loci in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene were ascertained, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated. CA repeat analysis of 21 Japanese families with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was then performed.Results: The STR 49 locus had the highest PIC, followed in decreasing order by the loci of STR 44, STR 45, STR 50, DYS III, DYS II, DYS I, and 3′ CA. The diagnostic applicability increased to 0.999 when the PICs of all 8 loci were combined. When the highest PIC from each of the 5′ end, exons near the 3′ end and the 3′ end were combined, the diagnostic applicability increased to 0.988. Of the 7 males examined prenatally, 1 was diagnosed as normal, and 6 were affected, while of the 9 females examined, 5 were diagnosed as carriers, and 4 as non‐carriers.Conclusion: CA repeat analysis using fluorescence‐labeled primers is useful in the prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the Japanese population.
Emergence of an Irreversible Differentiated Subclone from the Poorly Differentiated Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Cell Line AMOC‐2 Treated with Sodium Butyrate
Authors: Yabushita Hiromitsu , Noguchi Masayoshi , Nakanishi Masami 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To cast light on the capacity of an ovarian adenocarcinoma to undergo irreversible cellular differentiation, we established clonal cell lines from cultured ovarian carcinoma cells treated with sodium butyrate and examined their phenotypic changes.Methods: The poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma cell line AMOC‐2 was exposed to 2 mm sodium butyrate for 30 days, and clonal cell lines were established by a dilution plating technique.Results: Five clonal cell lines were established. One of them had a longer doubling time and lower plating efficiency than the parental clone, also demonstrating stronger expression of vimentin and 56 kD cytokeratin. This clone became columnar with pronounced polarity, formed gland‐like structures when cultured in collagen gels, and exhibited no tumorigenicity, in contrast to the parental clone.Conclusion: Sodium butyrate treatment of AMOC‐2 cells can cause phenotypic changes reminiscent of maturation in the Müllerian duct, endocervix, and/or endometrium.
Malignant Melanoma of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report
Authors: Miyagi Yasunari , Yamada Shinako , Miyagi Yuji , Yamamoto Junko , Kawanishi Kunihiro , Yoshinouchi Mitsuo , Kodama Junichi , Kamimura Shigehito , Takamoto Norio , Kudo Takafumi , Taguchi Kohji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present case of a 57‐year‐old Japanese woman a 9 cm‐size primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix. MRI demonstrated a low‐signal T1‐weighted spin echo image and hyperperfusion indicated by Gd‐DTPA enhancement. The sequence! analysis of the MTS1/CDK4I gene revealed no deletion or mutation. The results of cytological, pathological, and electron microscopy tests are also presented.
Postnatal Depression: A Prospective Study of Its Prevalence, Incidence and Psychosocial Determinants in an Israeli Sample
Authors: Fisch R. Z. , Tadmor O. P. , Dankner R. , Diamant Y. Z. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To assess the prevalence and incidence of postnatal depression and its relation to certain psychosocial factors.Method: A questionnaire was administered to 327 randomly selected pregnant women on the first or second postpartum day A and again 6 to 12 weeks later B. The questionnaire comprised a psychosocial and demographic self‐report, and the 10‐item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).Results: At time A the prevalence of postnatal depression was 9.9–22.3%, and at time B it was 5.2–12.4% (p < 0.0001). Four of the psychosocial determinants examined correlated significantly with depression at times A and B. These factors were: a positive psychiatric history, Oriental ethnic origin, being foreign born, inconvenient timing of pregnancy.Conclusion: Postnatal depression was less common than in most reported series. It was related to marital and social support, the circumstances of the pregnancy, and the degree of religious observance. Postnatal depression is a specific disorder, not equivalent to depression in the prenatal period.
A novel light‐dependent selection marker system in plants
Authors: Koh Serry , Kim Hongsup , Kim Jinwoo , Goo Eunhye , Kim Yun‐Jung , Choi Okhee , Jwa Nam‐Soo , Ma Jun , Nagamatsu Tomohisa , Moon Jae Sun , Hwang Ingyu 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPhotosensitizers are common in nature and play diverse roles as defense compounds and pathogenicity determinants and as important molecules in many biological processes. Toxoflavin, a photosensitizer produced by Burkholderia glumae, has been implicated as an essential virulence factor causing bacterial rice grain rot. Toxoflavin produces superoxide and H2O2 during redox cycles under oxygen and light, and these reactive oxygen species cause phytotoxic effects. To utilize toxoflavin as a selection agent in plant transformation, we identified a gene, tflA, which encodes a toxoflavin‐degrading enzyme in the Paenibacillus polymyxa JH2 strain. TflA was estimated as 24.56 kDa in size based on the amino acid sequence and is similar to a ring‐cleavage extradiol dioxygenase in the Exiguobacterium sp. 255‐15; however, unlike other extradiol dioxygenases, Mn2+and dithiothreitol were required for toxoflavin degradation by TflA. Here, our results suggested toxoflavin is a photosensitizer and its degradation by TflA serves as a light‐dependent selection marker system in diverse plant species. We examined the efficiencies of two different plant selection systems, toxoflavin/tflA and hygromycin/hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) in both rice and Arabidopsis. The toxoflavin/tflA selection was more remarkable than hygromycin/hpt selection in the high‐density screening of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. Based on these results, we propose the toxoflavin/tflA selection system, which is based on the degradation of the photosensitizer, provides a new robust nonantibiotic selection marker system for diverse plants.
Taking post‐development theory to the field: Issues in development research, Northern Thailand
Authors: McKinnon Katharine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEmerging post‐development literatures consider how post‐structural and post‐colonial critiques of development could form the basis for new kinds of development practices. Much of the search for such post‐development possibilities draws on new theories of discourse. This paper considers the challenges of bringing together empirical research and the experience of doing development with the often ethereal and deeply speculative work of discourse theorists. I reflect on the course taken by my own research in Northern Thailand, and discuss the possibilities that can emerge as theory confronts empirics, and conceptual frameworks are transformed through the daily politics of fieldwork.
Power over, power to, power with: Shifting perceptions of power for local economic development in the Philippines
Authors: Cahill Amanda 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPower has long been recognised as crucial to the sustainability of community development interventions; however, the way in which space affects power relations within such interventions has remained relatively under‐theorised in the development literature. Many practitioners continue to regard power as located centrally and as embedded in particular institutions, networks, knowledge and resources. According to this logic, processes of empowerment involve the redistribution of these resources to marginalised groups through their participation in development interventions such as microfinance and sustainable livelihood initiatives. The danger inherent in such development approaches is that they can discourage the potential for participants to use their own agency by overemphasising an existing lack of resources locally and inadvertently feeding a sense of dependency on formal development interventions initiated by external agencies. This paper suggests that a post‐structural conceptualisation of power as dynamic, multiple and mediated at the local level offers a more productive starting point for thinking about approaches to empowerment. Drawing on data from an action research project designed to initiate community enterprises in a small rural municipality in the Philippines, I suggest how a post‐structural approach to power can be enacted by building on the existing local resources and practices of everyday life.
Dutiful tourism: Encountering the Cambodian genocide
Authors: Hughes Rachel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper considers contemporary international tourism to a genocide museum in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It argues that existing theorisations of ‘dark tourism’ are inadequate for the task of understanding the motivations, actions and experiences of visitors in such a place, or of such sites as contested international institutions. The paper is concerned with the ways in which visiting practices encouraged at the Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocide Crimes in the immediate post‐genocide period (the 1980s) continue to affect visiting practices in the present. Moreover, the absence of familiar curatorial practices and technologies of interpretation leads contemporary visitors to conceive of the space of the museum and their visit in unexpected ways. The dutiful comportment of visitors at Tuol Sleng both supports and challenges the moral geographies enacted by contemporary travel.
Geographic imaginations: Exploring divergent notions of identity, power, and place meaning on Pha‐ngan Island, Southern Thailand
Authors: Malam Linda 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper explores contrasting narratives of place meaning in a tourism site in Southern Thailand. Specifically, I analyse the parallel discourses of community change through tourism development embedded in international backpacker narratives, and those of the local Thai elite. By configuring identity and power around binary oppositional categories such as West as economically powerful and dominant/non‐West as economically weak and subordinated, ‘traditional’ tourism studies often locate the dynamics of change in the international tourism industry. To date, there is little research on the very real and important ways that people working in tourism assert agency and understand their own identities in everyday contexts. I argue that local communities can, and often do, shape the changes that tourism development initiates in very creative and adaptive ways.
Making a living on Flores, Indonesia: Why understanding surplus distribution is crucial to economic development
Authors: Curnow Jayne 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDonors and aid agencies are now looking to strategies of pro‐poor economic growth to raise living standards in developing countries. I critically examine how particular conceptualisations of economy and economic development shape the broader context within which pro‐poor growth approaches are implemented by governments and development agencies. While pro‐poor growth may expand a national economy, surplus will be distributed in a community and among individuals according to culturally specific logics. To exemplify this point I discuss the community economy of Bomolo on the remote, rural island of Flores, Indonesia. The Ngadha people of Bomolo are identified by the Indonesian state, religious organisations and development agencies as lacking and in need of economic development. Yet in Bomolo, gambling, although illegal and antithetical to development, is fantastically popular, and large amounts of cash surplus are spent on this popular pastime. I argue for more attention to the issue of surplus – the outcome of pro‐poor growth. In particular, I propose that surplus distribution is a crucial yet underdeveloped component of the growth equation.
VARIANCE ESTIMATION FOR SAMPLE AUTOCOVARIANCES: DIRECT AND RESAMPLING APPROACHES
Authors: Hurvich Clifford M. , Simonoff Jeffrey S. , Zeger Scott L. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe usual covariance estimates for datan‐1from a stationary zero‐mean stochastic process {Xt} are the sample covariances Both direct and resampling approaches are used to estimate the variance of the sample covariances. This paper compares the performance of these variance estimates. Using a direct approach, we show that a consistent windowed periodogram estimate for the spectrum is more effective than using the periodogram itself. A frequency domain bootstrap for time series is proposed and analyzed, and we introduce a frequency domain version of the jackknife that is shown to be asymptotically unbiased and consistent for Gaussian processes. Monte Carlo techniques show that the time domain jackknife and subseries method cannot be recommended. For a Gaussian underlying series a direct approach using a smoothed periodogram is best; for a non‐Gaussian series the frequency domain bootstrap appears preferable. For small samples, the bootstraps are dangerous: both the direct approach and frequency domain jackknife are better.
HETEROGENEITY AMONG SUSCEPTIBLES IN EPIDEMIC MODELS
Authors: Marschner Ian C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWhen the infection rate associated with an epidemic appears to decline over time, one explanation is a constant level of infectiousness combined with heterogeneity among the susceptible population. In this paper we consider random effects models for such heterogeneity, particularly in discrete time. Maximum likelihood techniques are discussed as well as a more convenient approach based on martingale estimating equations. An application to data on a smallpox outbreak is considered.
SELECTING SATISFACTORY SECRETARIES
Authors: Yeo A.J. , Yeo G.F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe probability of selecting the ath best out of n applicants in the secretary problem is evaluated by probabilistic arguments for monotone order k stopping rules. This leads to an explicit optimizing function for selecting (with payoffs) one of the k best applicants. This optimization problem can be solved directly both for a finite and for an unlimited number of applicants, yielding a variety of numerical results. Extensions are given for two choices with success if two applicants are selected from among the k best.
THE MAXIMUM RESISTANCE OF TESTS
Authors: Coakley Clint W. , Hettmansperger Thomas P. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe breakdown point of an estimator is the smallest fraction of contamination that can force the value of the estimator beyond the boundary of the parameter space. It is well known that the highest possible breakdown point, under equivariance restrictions, is 50% of the sample. However, this upper bound is not always attainable. We give an example of an estimation problem in which the highest possible attainable breakdown point is much less than 50% of the sample. For hypothesis testing, we discuss the resistance of a test and propose new definitions of resistance. The maximum resistance to rejection (acceptance) is the smallest fraction of contamination necessary to force a test to reject (fail to reject) regardless of the original sample. We derive the maximum resistances of the t‐test and sign test in the one‐sample problem and of the t‐test and Mood test in the two‐sample problem. We briefly discuss another measure known as the expected resistance.
Real Effects of Monetary Policy in New Zealand
Authors: Karim Shahnawaz , Lee Minsoo , Gan Christopher 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article analyses the dynamic effects of unexpected domestic and foreign monetary policy shocks on industrial output in New Zealand based on a new open economy macroeconomic model. Empirical analyses are performed using unrestricted recursive open economy vector autoregressive models involving policy and non‐policy variables for New Zealand and four of its most important trading partners (that is, Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States). The empirical findings are in accord with the qualitative predictions of the conventional monetary transmission mechanism applicable to a small open economy. Consequently, no empirical anomalies are observed in the dynamic behaviour of New Zealand industrial output in response to restrictive monetary innovations of domestic and foreign origin.