bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting drifts in data streams using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence measure for data engineering applications
Authors: Kurian Jeomoan Francis , Allali Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe exponential growth of data coupled with the widespread application of artificial intelligence(AI) presents organizations with challenges in upholding data accuracy, especially within data engineering functions. While the Extraction, Transformation, and Loading process addresses error-free data ingestion, validating the content within data streams remains a challenge. Prompt detection and remediation of data issues are crucial, especially in automated analytical environments driven by AI. To address these issues, this study focuses on detecting drifts in data distributions and divergence within data fields processed from different sample populations. Using a hypothetical banking scenario, we illustrate the impact of data drift on automated decision-making processes. We propose a scalable method leveraging the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence measure, specifically the Population Stability Index (PSI), to detect and quantify data drift. Through comprehensive simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of PSI in identifying and mitigating data drift issues. This study contributes to enhancing data engineering functions in organizations by offering a scalable solution for early drift detection in data ingestion pipelines. We discuss related research works, identify gaps, and present the methodology and experiment results, underscoring the importance of robust data governance practices in mitigating risks associated with data drift and improving data observability.
Effects of Applying Different N Sources on Cd Accumulation, Mineral Micronutrients, and Grain Yield of Durum Wheat
Authors: Özkutlu Faruk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different nitrogen sources on Cd concentration in durum wheat grains in soils with low and high Cd contamination. Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000 was sown as test plant material in plastic pots containing 3.2 kg of soil. Low (0.5) and high Cd (5.0 mg Cd kg− 1 soil) were added to the culture media in the form of 3(CdSO4).8H2O. Nitrogen was also added in the form of Ca(NO3)2.4 H2O in low, sufficient, and high concentrations. In addition, a foliar application of 0.5% urea was used as a further nitrogen supply. The results showed that the total nitrogen content and the Cd concentration of the grains increased with increasing nitrogen application. This increase was more pronounced with a combination of soil nitrogen and foliar urea. While the Cd concentration in the grains was 354 µg kg− 1 at low soil Cd concentration and insufficient nitrogen supply, the Cd concentration in the grains increased by 40% to 498 µg kg− 1 at low Cd concentration and high nitrogen supply. This increase in Cd concentration in the grains was 32% higher under high nitrogen applications than at high Cd-insufficient conditions. In addition, foliar application of urea to durum wheat leaves at low soil Cd concentrations increased the Cd concentration in the grains from 354 µg kg− 1 to 484 µg kg− 1. This study showed that different treatments and amounts of nitrogen sources can affect the uptake and accumulation of Cd in wheat grains at different Cd levels.
On Beall’s contradictory Christology and beyond
Authors: Casati Filippo , Fujikawa Naoya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccording to Conciliar Christology, Christ has a divine nature and a human nature. This dual nature of Christ leads us to face many apparent inconsistencies: For example, it seems to follow that He is both immutable and mutable (and, therefore, not immutable). This long-standing issue in Christology has been called the fundamental problem of Christology. Recently, Jc Beall has proposed a novel approach to the fundamental problem: contradictory Christology, that is, Christology which takes those apparent inconsistencies as genuinely contradictory. This paper examines Beall’s contradictory Christology by comparing it with James Anderson’s version of consistent Christology. Such a comparison highlights an important assumption of Beall’s contradictory Christology, that is, the language used to state the fundamental problem is univocal. ‘Immutable’ is, thus, used in the same literal sense in both `Christ is immutable’ and `Christ is not immutable’. On the one hand, this assumption has a good reason given the human nature of Christ. On the other hand, we follow Anderson in showing that the view that `immutable’ is equivocal has a good reason too. For there is an established theological tradition according to which, when we speak about the divine, our language is analogical. In light of those considerations, this paper presents a semantic explication of how the predicates used to state the fundamental problem are both literal and analogical. The proposed semantics treats those predicates as cases of multiple denotations and shows that the apparent inconsistencies are genuinely contradictory, but in a different way from Beall’s contradictory Christology.
Do political affiliation and economic wellbeing thwart religious identification in China?
Authors: Hoover Gary A. , Xu Zhengang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While the Chinese government's stated position is to support religious freedom, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is officially atheist. Individuals who profess faith are typically unable to join and members who practice a religion face expulsion and a loss of benefits. This paper analyzes the extent to which the CCP's policies regarding religion may influence religious identification over the life cycle in China. To do so, we contrast changes in religious affiliation before and after retirement for CCP members and non-CCP members. We find a significant increase of religious activities and religious faith in CCP members after retirement – suggesting: (1) people's acknowledgment of religious belief is significantly influenced by CCP regulations and (2) the biggest influence from a material benefits perspective occurs for those CCP members employed in the Chinese government system.
A generalisation of Varnavides’s theorem
Authors: Shapira Asaf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA linear equation
$E$
is said to be sparse if there is
$c\gt 0$
so that every subset of
$[n]$
of size
$n^{1-c}$
contains a solution of
$E$
in distinct integers. The problem of characterising the sparse equations, first raised by Ruzsa in the 90s, is one of the most important open problems in additive combinatorics. We say that
$E$
in
$k$
variables is abundant if every subset of
$[n]$
of size
$\varepsilon n$
contains at least
$\text{poly}(\varepsilon )\cdot n^{k-1}$
solutions of
$E$
. It is clear that every abundant
$E$
is sparse, and Girão, Hurley, Illingworth, and Michel asked if the converse implication also holds. In this note, we show that this is the case for every
$E$
in four variables. We further discuss a generalisation of this problem which applies to all linear equations.
Elasticity of Hydrous SiO2 Across the Post‐Stishovite Transition in the Lower Mantle
Authors: Zhang Yanyao , Luo Chenxing , Xiong Chao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElastic properties of Si0.95H0.21O2 with hydrogarnet substitution (4H+ = Si4+) across the post‐stishovite transition (28–42 GPa) are determined up to 70 GPa using ab initio calculations and a pseudo‐proper type Landau model. At 28 GPa, elastic coefficients C11 and C12 converge, and the average shear and compressional velocity (VS and VP) decrease by a maximum of 25.5% and 5.2%, respectively. Hydrogarnet substitution reduces ambient elastic moduli and sound velocities, and shifts shear softening to lower pressure. 2%–13% Si0.95H0.21O2 may cause a VS anomaly of −0.5% to −2.6% at 700–820 km depth, explaining low VS layers beneath North America and the European Alps. Additionally, 20 vol % SiO2 in subducted basalt, with decreasing water content from 3.2 wt% to zero, could cause a VS anomaly of up to −7(4) % from 700 to 1,900 km depth, aligning with seismic scatterers identified in some subduction regions.
Drivers of Interannual Salinity Variability in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hochet Antoine , Lique Camille , Sévellec Florian , Llovel William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate projections and attribution of Arctic Ocean changes in climate models require a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying interannual salinity variability in the region. Although some mechanisms have been extensively studied in idealized setting, in particular for the dynamics of the Beaufort gyre (BG), it remains unclear how applicable they are to more complex systems. This study introduces a new diagnostic based on salinity variance budget to robustly assess the mechanisms of salinity variations. The diagnostic is then applied to the “Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean” state estimate. Results indicate that the advection of salinity anomaly in the direction of the mean salinity gradient made by velocity anomalies is the primary source of interannual salinity variability. These velocities are primarily attributed to fluctuating winds via Ekman transports. Fluctuating surface freshwater fluxes from the atmosphere and sea ice are the second most important source of variability and cannot be neglected. The two sinks of interannual salinity variance are associated with the erosion of large scale gradients of the mean circulation by eddies and to a lesser extent to the diffusive terms. Over continental shelves, particularly over the East Siberian Shelf (ESS), ocean surface freshwater fluxes and diffusion play a more important role than in the deep basins. We also report a strong intensification of all sources and sinks of interannual salinity variability in the BG and an opposite weakening in the ESS in the second decade of the analysis (2004–2014) with respect to the first (1993–2003).
Milanković Forcing in Deep Time
Authors: Zeebe Richard E. , Lantink Margriet L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAstronomical (or Milanković) forcing of the Earth system is key to understanding rhythmic climate change on time scales ≳104 y. Paleoceanographic and paleoclimatological applications concerned with past astronomical forcing rely on astronomical calculations (solutions), which represent the backbone of cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology. Here we present state‐of‐the‐art astronomical solutions over the past 3.5 Gyr. Our goal is to provide tuning targets and templates for interpreting deep‐time cyclostratigraphic records and designing external forcing functions in climate models. Our approach yields internally consistent orbital and precession‐tilt solutions, including fundamental solar system frequencies, orbital eccentricity and inclination, lunar distance, luni‐solar precession rate, Earth's obliquity, and climatic precession. Contrary to expectations, we find that the long eccentricity cycle (LEC) (previously assumed stable and labeled “metronome,” recent period ∼405 kyr), can become unstable on long time scales. Our results reveal episodes during which the LEC is very weak or absent and Earth's orbital eccentricity and climate‐forcing spectrum are unrecognizable compared to the recent past. For the ratio of eccentricity‐to‐inclination amplitude modulation (recent individual periods of ~2.4 and ~1.2 Myr, frequently observable in paleorecords) we find a wide distribution around the recent 2:1 ratio, that is, the system is not restricted to a 2:1 or 1:1 resonance state. Our computations show that Earth's obliquity was lower and its amplitude (variation around the mean) significantly reduced in the past. We therefore predict weaker climate forcing at obliquity frequencies in deep time and a trend toward reduced obliquity power with age in stratigraphic records. For deep‐time stratigraphic and modeling applications, the orbital parameters of our 3.5‐Gyr integrations are made available at 400‐year resolution.
Ultra-high spatio-temporal resolution imaging with parallel acquisition-readout structured illumination microscopy (PAR-SIM)
Authors: Xu Xinzhu , Wang Wenyi , Qiao Liang , Fu Yunzhe , Ge Xichuan , Zhao Kun , Zhanghao Karl , Guan Meiling , Chen Xin , Li Meiqi , Jin Dayong , Xi Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStructured illumination microscopy (SIM) has emerged as a promising super-resolution fluorescence imaging technique, offering diverse configurations and computational strategies to mitigate phototoxicity during real-time imaging of biological specimens. Traditional efforts to enhance system frame rates have concentrated on processing algorithms, like rolling reconstruction or reduced frame reconstruction, or on investments in costly sCMOS cameras with accelerated row readout rates. In this article, we introduce an approach to elevate SIM frame rates and region of interest (ROI) coverage at the hardware level, without necessitating an upsurge in camera expenses or intricate algorithms. Here, parallel acquisition-readout SIM (PAR-SIM) achieves the highest imaging speed for fluorescence imaging at currently available detector sensitivity. By using the full frame-width of the detector through synchronizing the pattern generation and image exposure-readout process, we have achieved a fundamentally stupendous information spatial-temporal flux of 132.9 MPixels · s−1, 9.6-fold that of the latest techniques, with the lowest SNR of −2.11 dB and 100 nm resolution. PAR-SIM demonstrates its proficiency in successfully reconstructing diverse cellular organelles in dual excitations, even under conditions of low signal due to ultra-short exposure times. Notably, mitochondrial dynamic tubulation and ongoing membrane fusion processes have been captured in live COS-7 cell, recorded with PAR-SIM at an impressive 408 Hz. We posit that this novel parallel exposure-readout mode not only augments SIM pattern modulation for superior frame rates but also holds the potential to benefit other complex imaging systems with a strategic controlling approach.
Differences in autophagy marker levels at birth in preterm vs. term infants
Authors: Künstle Noëmi , Gorlanova Olga , Marten Andrea , Müller Loretta , Sharma Pawan , Röösli Martin , Sinues Pablo , Schär Primo , Schürmann David , Rüttimann Céline , Da Silva Sena Carla Rebeca , Nahum Uri , Usemann Jakob , Steinberg Ruth , Yammine Sophie , Schulzke Sven , Latzin Philipp , Frey Urs ,   on behalf of the BILD study group, Beck Fiona , Bovermann Xenia , Casaulta Carmen , Curdy Marion , Da Silva Sena Carla Rebeca , de Hoogh Kees , Frauchiger Bettina , Ho Dac Léa Kim-Mi , Kieninger Elisabeth , Korten Insa , Oestreich Marc-Alexander , Stöcklin Benjamin , Streibel Carmen , Wyler Florian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Preterm infants are susceptible to oxidative stress and prone to respiratory diseases. Autophagy is an important defense mechanism against oxidative-stress-induced cell damage and involved in lung development and respiratory morbidity. We hypothesized that autophagy marker levels differ between preterm and term infants.

Methods
In the prospective Basel-Bern Infant Lung Development (BILD) birth cohort we compared cord blood levels of macroautophagy (Beclin-1, LC3B), selective autophagy (p62) and regulation of autophagy (SIRT1) in 64 preterm and 453 term infants.

Results
Beclin-1 and LC3B did not differ between preterm and term infants. However, p62 was higher (0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05;0.69 in log2-transformed level, p = 0.025, padj = 0.050) and SIRT1 lower in preterm infants (−0.55, 95% CI −0.78;−0.31 in log2-transformed level, padj < 0.001). Furthermore, p62 decreased (padj-value for smoothing function was 0.018) and SIRT1 increased (0.10, 95% CI 0.07;0.13 in log2-transformed level, padj < 0.001) with increasing gestational age.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest differential levels of key autophagy markers between preterm and term infants. This adds to the knowledge of the sparsely studied field of autophagy mechanisms in preterm infants and might be linked to impaired oxidative stress response, preterm birth, impaired lung development and higher susceptibility to respiratory morbidity in preterm infants.

Impact

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate autophagy marker levels between human preterm and term infants in a large population-based sample in cord blood plasma

This study demonstrates differential levels of key autophagy markers in preterm compared to term infants and an association with gestational age

This may be linked to impaired oxidative stress response or developmental aspects and provide bases for future studies investigating the association with respiratory morbidity
Final analysis of a phase II trial of daratumumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma without transplant
Authors: Derman Benjamin A. , Cooperrider Jennifer , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Avigan David E. , Rampurwala Murtuza , Barnidge David , Major Ajay , Karrison Theodore , Jiang Ken , Ramsland Aubrianna , Kubicki Tadeusz , Jakubowiak Andrzej J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of 24 cycles of Dara in combination with carfilzomib (K), lenalidomide (R), and dexamethasone (d) without autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) irrespective of ASCT eligibility in a single-arm, phase II study. The primary endpoint was the rate of stringent complete response (sCR) and/or measurable residual disease (MRD) < 10−5 by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the end of cycle 8 (C8). MRD was also assessed on peripheral blood samples using both the EXENT® system and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Forty-two patients entered the treatment phase; forty were evaluable for the primary endpoint. The rate of sCR and/or MRD < 10−5 following C8 was 30/40 (75%), meeting the statistical threshold for efficacy. The 10−6 MRD negative rate improved with treatment beyond C8. Agreement between EXENT® and NGS was high and increased over time; agreement between LC-MS and NGS was lower. The estimated 3-year progression-free survival progression-free survival was 85%, and 3-year overall survival was 95%. Upper respiratory infections occurred in 67% (7% grade 3–4). There were no treatment-related deaths. Extended frontline Dara-KRd induced a high rate of sCR and/or MRD negativity; the rate and depth of MRD negativity improved beyond C8.
Recent advances in structurally elaborate triptycenes, triptycene-containing polymers and assemblies: structures, functions and applications
Authors: Ishiwari Fumitaka , Shoji Yoshiaki , Martin Colin J. , Fukushima Takanori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTriptycene, a rigid propeller-shaped molecule, was first synthesized in the early 1940s. More recently, many triptycene-containing polymers and molecular assemblies have been developed for a wide range of applications, including guest recognition, material transport, separation, catalysis, and as device components. The advantages of triptycenes lie in their ability to introduce a variety of functional groups on their three-dimensional backbone, with changes in substitution patterns as well as the type of substituents present having a significant impact on the material properties. In this review, we describe the synthesis of triptycene derivatives and polymers, detailing selected examples of triptycene-containing functional polymers. We also focus on the construction of triptycene-based two-dimensional assemblies and polymers, where space-filling designs based on rigid propeller-shaped skeletons are essential. Through a thorough literature survey, future directions and possibilities for the development of triptycene-containing functional materials are discussed.
Liver and pancreatic-targeted interleukin-22 as a therapeutic for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Sajiir Haressh , Keshvari Sahar , Wong Kuan Yau , Borg Danielle J. , Steyn Frederik J. , Fercher Christian , Taylor Karin , Taylor Breten , Barnard Ross T. , Müller Alexandra , Moniruzzaman Md , Miller Gregory , Wang Ran , Fotheringham Amelia , Schreiber Veronika , Sheng Yong Hua , Hancock Janelle Louise , Loo Dorothy , Burr Lucy , Huynh Tony , Lockett Jack , Ramm Grant A. , Macdonald Graeme A. , Prins Johannes B. , McGuckin Michael A. , Hasnain Sumaira Z. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the most prevalent cause of liver disease worldwide, with a single approved therapeutic. Previous research has shown that interleukin-22 (IL-22) can suppress β-cell stress, reduce local islet inflammation, restore appropriate insulin production, reverse hyperglycemia, and ameliorate insulin resistance in preclinical models of diabetes. In clinical trials long-acting forms of IL-22 have led to increased proliferation in the skin and intestine, where the IL-22RA1 receptor is highly expressed. To maximise beneficial effects whilst reducing the risk of epithelial proliferation and cancer, we designed short-acting IL-22-bispecific biologic drugs that successfully targeted the liver and pancreas. Here we show 10-fold lower doses of these bispecific biologics exceed the beneficial effects of native IL-22 in multiple preclinical models of MASH, without off-target effects. Treatment restores glycemic control, markedly reduces hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. These short-acting IL-22-bispecific targeted biologics are a promising new therapeutic approach for MASH.
The evolution of antibiotic resistance islands occurs within the framework of plasmid lineages
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Dagan Tal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacterial pathogens carrying multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids are a major threat to human health. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in plasmids is often facilitated by mobile genetic elements that copy or translocate ARGs between DNA molecules. The agglomeration of mobile elements in plasmids generates resistance islands comprising multiple ARGs. However, whether the emergence of resistance islands is restricted to specific MDR plasmid lineages remains understudied. Here we show that the agglomeration of ARGs in resistance islands is biased towards specific large plasmid lineages. Analyzing 6784 plasmids in 2441 Escherichia, Salmonella, and Klebsiella isolates, we quantify that 84% of the ARGs in MDR plasmids are found in resistance islands. We furthermore observe rapid evolution of ARG combinations in resistance islands. Most regions identified as resistance islands are shared among closely related plasmids but rarely among distantly related plasmids. Our results suggest the presence of barriers for the dissemination of ARGs between plasmid lineages, which are related to plasmid genetic properties, host range and the plasmid evolutionary history. The agglomeration of ARGs in plasmids is attributed to the workings of mobile genetic elements that operate within the framework of existing plasmid lineages.