bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stromal LRP1 in Lung Adenocarcinoma Predicts Clinical Outcome
Authors: Meng He , Chen Guoan , Zhang Xiaojie , Wang Zhuwen , Thomas Dafydd G. , Giordano Thomas J. , Beer David G. , Wang Michael M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Purpose: LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1) is a broadly expressed receptor that binds multiple extracellular ligands and participates in protein clearance. It is expressed in numerous cancers, but its role in lung cancer has not been characterized. Here, we investigate the relationship between LRP1 and lung cancer.
Experimental Design: LRP1 mRNA levels were determined in lung tumors from several large, multicenter studies. LRP1 protein localization was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tumor microarrays. Normal fibroblasts, fibroblasts treated with the LRP1 inhibitor RAP (receptor-associated protein), and Lrp1 null fibroblasts were cocultured with 3 independent lung cancer cell lines to investigate the role of LRP1 on tumor cell proliferation.
Results: LRP1 mRNA levels are significantly decreased in lung tumors relative to nontumorous lung tissue. Lower expression of LRP1 in lung adenocarcinomas correlates with less favorable clinical outcome in a cohort of 439 patients. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that LRP1 is primarily expressed in stromal cells in 94/111 lung cancers, with very little protein found in cancer cells. A growth-suppressive function of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells was observed in 3 lung cancer cell lines tested (H460, H2347, and HCC4006 cells); growth suppression was blocked by the LRP1 inhibitor RAP. Lrp1 deletion in fibroblasts reduced the ability of MEF cells to suppress tumor cell mitosis. In a validation set of adenocarcinomas, we confirmed a significant, positive correlation between both LRP1 mRNA and protein levels and favorable clinical outcomes.
Conclusions: LRP1 expression is associated with improved lung cancer outcomes. Mechanistically, stromal LRP1 may non–cell autonomously suppress lung tumor cell proliferation. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2426–33. ©2011 AACR.
Predictors of Short-Term Complications After Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Replacement
Authors: Krahn Andrew D. , Lee Douglas S. , Birnie David , Healey Jeffrey S. , Crystal Eugene , Dorian Paul , Simpson Christopher S. , Khaykin Yaariv , Cameron Douglas , Janmohamed Amir , Yee Raymond , Austin Peter C. , Chen Zhongliang , Hardy Judy , Tu Jack V. 
Published: February 2011

Background—
Complications after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) replacement are often clinically devastating, particularly when infection or reoperation occurs. Identifying factors contributing to complications may permit identification of high-risk individuals that warrant incremental monitoring and therapy to attenuate risk. In addition, replacement may be a discretionary decision in the context of an advisory or borderline device performance and patient, device, and implanter factors that predict adverse outcome may assist in clinical decision-making.

Methods and Results—

In a prospective, multicenter, population-based registry of all ICD patients at 18 centers in Ontario, Canada, we examined 45-day complication and all-cause mortality rates from February 2007 to August 2009 in patients undergoing ICD generator replacement. Complications were determined longitudinally and were categorized as major or minor. ICD replacement was performed in 1081 of 5176 patients (20.8%) undergoing ICD implantation (age, 64.3±12.7 years; 78.5% men). In patients undergoing ICD replacement, 47 patients (4.3%) had a complication within 45 days, with 47 major complications in 28 patients (2.6%), most commonly infection (n=23), lead revision (n=35), electrical storm (n=14), and pulmonary edema (n=13). Minor complications occurred in 2.3% of patients, most commonly incisional infection (n=10) and pocket hematoma (n=10). On multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with major complications were Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.70 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1;
P
=0.027) and multiple previous procedures on the pocket (adjusted HR, 3.35 for >1 versus 1;
P
=0.058). Risk factors associated with any complication were the use of antiarrhythmic therapy (adjusted HR, 6.29;
P
=0.001), implanter volume (adjusted HR 10.4 for <60/y versus >120/y,
P
=0.026), and Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class (adjusted HR, 3.00 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1;
P
=0.031). In a Cox model with a time-dependent variable of major complication within 45 days after replacement, major complications after ICD replacement were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 45, 90, and 180 days (adjusted HR, 9.61, 12.69, and 6.41, respectively;
P
=0.002 to 0.039).

Conclusions—
Risk factors associated with complications after ICD replacement include the presence of angina, antiarrhythmic therapy, increased number of previous procedures, and low implanter volume. Major complications may be associated with increased risk of subsequent mortality.
Luminal Esophageal Temperature Monitoring With a Deflectable Esophageal Temperature Probe and Intracardiac Echocardiography May Reduce Esophageal Injury During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures
Authors: Leite Luiz R. , Santos Simone N. , Maia Henrique , Henz Benhur D. , Giuseppin Fábio , Oliverira Anderson , Zanatta André R. , Peres Ayrton K. , Novakoski Clarissa , Barreto Jose R. , Vassalo Fabrício , d'Avila Andre , Singh Sheldon M. 
Published: February 2011

Background—
Luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring is one strategy to minimize esophageal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. However, esophageal ulceration and fistulas have been reported despite adequate LET monitoring. The objective of this study was to assess a novel approach to LET monitoring with a deflectable LET probe on the rate of esophageal injury in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation.

Methods and Results—
Forty-five consecutive patients undergoing an atrial fibrillation ablation procedure followed by esophageal endoscopy were included in this prospective observational pilot study. LET monitoring was performed with a 7F deflectable ablation catheter that was positioned as close as possible to the site of left atrial ablation using the deflectable component of the catheter guided by visualization of its position on intracardiac echocardiography. Ablation in the posterior left atrial was limited to 25 W and terminated when the LET increased 2°C from baseline. Endoscopy was performed 1 to 2 days after the procedure. All patients had at least 1 LET elevation >2°C necessitating cessation of ablation. Deflection of the LET probe was needed to accurately measure LET in 5% of patients when ablating near the left pulmonary veins, whereas deflection of the LET probe was necessary in 88% of patients when ablating near the right pulmonary veins. The average maximum increase in LET was 2.5±1.5°C. No patients had esophageal thermal injury on follow-up endoscopy.

Conclusions—
A strategy of optimal LET probe placement using a deflectable LET probe and intracardiac echocardiography guidance, combined with cessation of radiofrequency ablation with a 2°C rise in LET, may reduce esophageal thermal injury during left atrial ablation procedures.
Interregional Brain Interactions in Children with Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Tibbetts Kathleen , Ead Banan , Umansky Amy , Coalson Rebecca , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Firszt Jill B. , Lieu Judith E. C. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether patterns of functional connectivity of cortical regions responsible for auditory processing and executive functions differ in children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) versus their normal‐hearing (NH) siblings.Study DesignProspective observational study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsChildren with severe‐to‐profound UHL (9 right UHL, 7 left UHL) and 10 NH sibling controls were imaged using resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fcMRI). All MRI images were transformed to a single common atlas; regions of interest (ROI) were chosen based on previous literature and unpublished results. Mean regionwise correlations and conjunction analyses were performed across 34 seed ROIs to identify temporally synchronized, low‐frequency spontaneous fluctuations in the resting state blood oxygenation level–dependent signal that reveal functionally related regions.ResultsMean regionwise Student t tests found a left posterior opercular region with more correlated resting state activity with the inferior parietal lobule seed in the children with both left and right UHL than NH. In conjunction analysis, 4 regions showed different resting‐state functional interactions between the NH and both UHL groups. These differences were in left medial globus pallidus, left middle temporal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and mid‐cingulate cortex. These regions include areas associated with auditory processing, executive function, and memory formation.ConclusionsResting state fcMRI identified differences in brain network interconnections between children with UHL and NH and may inform further investigation into the educational and behavioral difficulties experienced by children with UHL.
Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assay
Authors: Gill Matthew T. , Dean Marc , Karr Jacob , Aultman Donnie F. , Nathan Cherie‐Ann O. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectivesThe aims were to: (1) evaluate whether failure of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) to decrease by the Miami criterion is a more specific indicator of multiglandular disease (MGD) than sestamibi scan and (2) determine an adequate cutoff value for decrease in ioPTH in MGD.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport.Subjects and MethodsReview of subjects undergoing parathyroidectomy using ioPTH and sestamibi for suspected parathyroid adenoma between 2005 and 2009. Patients with MGD were identified by pathology and operative reports.ResultsEighty‐three subjects were identified (68 single adenomas, 11 double adenomas, and 4 multiple‐gland hyperplasias). Sestamibi predicted MGD in only 4 of 15 cases (27%). Five of the 11 double adenomas (DAs) were identified during initial surgery; the rest required reoperation for cure. ioPTH was useful in predicting MGD in 7 of 10 cases (70%) when a postexcisional value was drawn after removal of the first enlarged gland. Using the Miami criterion of 50% decrease in ioPTH over 15 minutes would have resulted in 1 unnecessary neck exploration and 3 missed DAs. Requiring both a 50% decrease in ioPTH over 15 minutes and normalization of the postexcisional value would have missed only 1 DA and resulted in a single unnecessary neck exploration.ConclusionSestamibi alone fails to identify MGD 73% of the time, but the success rate increases significantly when combined with ioPTH. The “50% and normal” criterion worked best to increase the success rate in our study population, but larger trials are needed to confirm the utility of this criterion.
When to Befriend the Court? Examining State Amici Curiae Participation Before the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Provost Colin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOver the past 30 years, the U.S. states have increased their participation as amici curiae significantly, in addition to winning more of their cases as direct parties. However, little attention has been paid to the factors that cause amici participation rates to vary among the states. The author examines the decision of state attorneys general (AGs) to initiate or join amicus curiae briefs in all 253 U.S. Supreme Court criminal procedure cases from 1990 through 2001. He hypothesizes that AGs are motivated largely by their own policy preferences and by their motivation to get reelected. Because amicus briefs are not particularly high-profile policy tools, reelection motivations ought to be demonstrated through responsiveness to elites in state government. The findings provide less support for this idea and more support for the idea that state AGs follow their own policy preferences through amicus participation.
Radioimmunotherapy-based conditioning for hematopoietic cell transplantation in children with malignant and nonmalignant diseases
Authors: Schulz Ansgar S. , Glatting Gerhard , Hoenig Manfred , Schuetz Catharina , Gatz Susanne A. , Grewendorf Simon , Sparber-Sauer Monika , Muche Rainer , Blumstein Norbert , Kropshofer Gabriele , Suttorp Meinolf , Bunjes Donald , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Reske Sven N. , Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTargeted irradiation of the bone marrow with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (radioimmunotherapy) represents a novel therapeutic approach with both myeloablative and antileukemic potential. In an open-label, single-center pilot study, 30 pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation for malignant (n = 16) and nonmalignant (n = 14) disorders received treatment with a 90Y-labeled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody. Patients with a high risk of relapse (n = 7) received additional treatment with standard conditioning based on either total body irradiation or busulfan to intensify the antileukemic effect. In patients with comorbidities (n = 23), radioimmunotherapy was combined with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen to reduce systemic toxicity. Preferential irradiation of the bone marrow was achieved in all patients. Nonrelapse mortality was 4 (13%) of 30 patients. In patients with malignant diseases, the probabilities of overall and disease-free survival at 2 years were 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.37-0.87) and 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.19-0.70), respectively. In patients with nonmalignant diseases, the probability of both overall and disease-free survival at 2 years was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.63-0.99). This pilot study demonstrates that radioimmunotherapy is effective in achieving myeloablation with low additional toxicity when used in combination with standard or reduced-intensity conditioning in young patients.
The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients: a prospective nested case-control study
Authors: Vlaar Alexander P. J. , Hofstra Jorrit J. , Determann Rogier M. , Veelo Denise P. , Paulus Frederique , Kulik Wim , Korevaar Johanna , de Mol Bas A. , Koopman Marianne M. W. , Porcelijn Leendert , Binnekade Jan M. , Vroom Margreeth B. , Schultz Marcus J. , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality. Both antibodies and bioactive lipids that have accumulated during storage of blood have been implicated in TRALI pathogenesis. In a single-center, nested, case-control study, patients were prospectively observed for onset of TRALI according to the consensus definition. Of 668 patients, 16 patients (2.4%) developed TRALI. Patient-related risk factors for onset of TRALI were age and time on the cardiopulmonary bypass. Transfusion-related risk factors were total amount of blood products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.44), number of red blood cells stored more than 14 days (OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.04-2.37), total amount of plasma (OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03-1.44), presence of antibodies in donor plasma (OR = 8.8; 95% CI, 1.8-44), and total amount of transfused bioactive lipids (OR = 1.0; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). When adjusted for patient risk factors, only the presence of antibodies in the associated blood products remained a risk factor for TRALI (OR = 14.2; 95% CI, 1.5-132). In-hospital mortality of TRALI was 13% compared with 0% and 3% in transfused and nontransfused patients, respectively (P < .05). In conclusion, the incidence of TRALI is high in cardiac surgery patients and associated with adverse outcome. Our results suggest that cardiac surgery patients may benefit from exclusion of blood products containing HLA/HNA antibodies.
Predicting fadeout versus persistence of paratuberculosis in a dairy cattle herd for management and control purposes: a modelling study
Authors: Marcé Clara , Ezanno Pauline , Seegers Henri , Pfeiffer Dirk Udo , Fourichon Christine 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEpidemiological models enable to better understand the dynamics of infectious diseases and to assessex-antecontrol strategies. ForMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(Map), possible transmission routes have been described, butMapspread in a herd and the relative importance of the routes are currently insufficiently understood to prioritize control measures. We aim to predict early afterMapintroduction in a dairy cattle herd whether infection is likely to fade out or persist, when no control measures are implemented, using a modelling approach. Both vertical transmission and horizontal transmission via the ingestion of colostrum, milk, or faeces present in the contaminated environment were modelled. Calf-to-calf indirect transmission was possible. Six health states were represented: susceptible, transiently infectious, latently infected, subclinically infected, clinically affected, and resistant. The model was partially validated by comparing the simulated prevalence with field data. Housing facilities and contacts between animals were specifically considered for calves and heifers. After the introduction of one infected animal in a naive herd, fadeout occurred in 66% of the runs. WhenMappersisted, the prevalence of infected animals increased to 88% in 25 years. The two main transmission routes were via the farm's environment and in utero transmission. Calf-to-calf transmission was minor. Fadeout versusMappersistence could be differentiated with the number of clinically affected animals, which was rarely above one when fadeout occurred. Therefore, early detection of affected animals is crucial in preventingMappersistence in dairy herds.
Imputation strategies for missing binary outcomes in cluster randomized trials
Authors: Ma Jinhui , Akhtar-Danesh Noori , Dolovich Lisa , Thabane Lehana ,   the CHAT investigators
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
Attrition, which leads to missing data, is a common problem in cluster randomized trials (CRTs), where groups of patients rather than individuals are randomized. Standard multiple imputation (MI) strategies may not be appropriate to impute missing data from CRTs since they assume independent data. In this paper, under the assumption of missing completely at random and covariate dependent missing, we compared six MI strategies which account for the intra-cluster correlation for missing binary outcomes in CRTs with the standard imputation strategies and complete case analysis approach using a simulation study.

Method
We considered three within-cluster and three across-cluster MI strategies for missing binary outcomes in CRTs. The three within-cluster MI strategies are logistic regression method, propensity score method, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, which apply standard MI strategies within each cluster. The three across-cluster MI strategies are propensity score method, random-effects (RE) logistic regression approach, and logistic regression with cluster as a fixed effect. Based on the community hypertension assessment trial (CHAT) which has complete data, we designed a simulation study to investigate the performance of above MI strategies.

Results
The estimated treatment effect and its 95% confidence interval (CI) from generalized estimating equations (GEE) model based on the CHAT complete dataset are 1.14 (0.76 1.70). When 30% of binary outcome are missing completely at random, a simulation study shows that the estimated treatment effects and the corresponding 95% CIs from GEE model are 1.15 (0.76 1.75) if complete case analysis is used, 1.12 (0.72 1.73) if within-cluster MCMC method is used, 1.21 (0.80 1.81) if across-cluster RE logistic regression is used, and 1.16 (0.82 1.64) if standard logistic regression which does not account for clustering is used.

Conclusion
When the percentage of missing data is low or intra-cluster correlation coefficient is small, different approaches for handling missing binary outcome data generate quite similar results. When the percentage of missing data is large, standard MI strategies, which do not take into account the intra-cluster correlation, underestimate the variance of the treatment effect. Within-cluster and across-cluster MI strategies (except for random-effects logistic regression MI strategy), which take the intra-cluster correlation into account, seem to be more appropriate to handle the missing outcome from CRTs. Under the same imputation strategy and percentage of missingness, the estimates of the treatment effect from GEE and RE logistic regression models are similar.
Study design and participant characteristics of a randomized controlled trial of directly administered antiretroviral therapy in opioid treatment programs
Authors: Mullen Bernadette Anna , Cook Katie , Moore Richard D , Rand Cynthia , Galai Noya , McCaul Mary E , Glass Sheldon , Oursler Krisann K , Lucas Gregory M 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Background
HIV-infected drug users are at higher risk of non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes than HIV-infected non-drug users. Prior work from our group and others suggests that directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) delivered in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) may increase rates of viral suppression.

Methods/Design
We are conducting a randomized trial comparing DAART to self-administered therapy (SAT) in 5 OTPs in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants and investigators are aware of treatment assignments. The DAART intervention is 12 months. The primary outcome is HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at 3, 6, and 12 months. To assess persistence of any study arm differences that emerge during the active intervention, we are conducting an 18-month visit (6 months after the intervention concludes). We are collecting electronic adherence data for 2 months in both study arms. Of 457 individuals screened, a total of 107 participants were enrolled, with 56 and 51 randomly assigned to DAART and SAT, respectively. Participants were predominantly African American, approximately half were women, and the median age was 47 years. Active use of cocaine and other drugs was common at baseline. HIV disease stage was advanced in most participants. The median CD4 count at enrollment was 207 cells/mm3, 66 (62%) had a history of an AIDS-defining opportunistic condition, and 21 (20%) were antiretroviral naïve.

Conclusions
This paper describes the rationale, methods, and baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing DAART to SAT in opioid treatment programs.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00279110