bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Temperature and Soil Moisture on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotype Sensitivity to Isoxaflutole
Authors: Datta A. , Sindel B. M. , Kristiansen P. , Jessop R. S. , Felton W. L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIsoxaflutole at 75 g ai ha−1 is registered in Australia for the control of several broadleaf weeds in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Although isoxaflutole provides satisfactory control of problematic weeds, under certain conditions crop injury can occur. Higher air temperature and moisture content of soil are reported to affect the metabolism of soil applied herbicide. Controlled environment experiments were used to determine the tolerance of chickpea to isoxaflutole under a range of temperature and soil moisture levels. For the soil moisture study, the variables examined were two desi chickpea genotypes (Kyabra as a tolerant cultivar and Yorker as a sensitive cultivar), three soil moisture levels [50 % field capacity (FC), 75 % FC and FC] with three herbicide rates [0, 75 (recommended rate) and 300 g ai ha−1]. For the temperature by soil moisture study, the variables examined were two other desi chickpea genotypes (97039‐1275 as a tolerant line and 91025‐3021 as a sensitive line), three temperature regimes (20/5, 30/15 and 35/25 °C), two soil moisture conditions (50 % FC and FC) with the same three herbicide rates. The results demonstrated that the chickpea genotypes exhibited differential tolerance to isoxaflutole, but that differences in response were affected by rate, temperature and soil moisture. Increasing temperature and soil moisture content made the susceptible chickpea genotype more vulnerable to isoxaflutole damage. Injury to the susceptible genotype in terms of increased leaf chlorosis and reduction in shoot height and dry matter production increased as soil moisture increased from 50 % FC to FC and temperature increased from 20/5 to 35/25 °C. Overall damage of the sensitive genotype from increasing rates of isoxaflutole also increased when soil moisture content increased from 50 % FC to FC within the fixed temperature regime of 30/15 °C. The sensitivity of chickpea to isoxaflutole depends on existing temperature and moisture content and the chances of crop damage were enhanced with increasing temperature and moisture levels.
Radiosensitivity of two strains of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) originating from different elevations in Armenia
Authors: Azizyan A. A. , Ter‐Hovhannesyan A. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the radiosensitivity of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) strains from different elevations, 850 and 2000 m above the sea level. The level of sterility of parental males and inherited sterility of F1 males in the strain from the higher elevation at all radiation doses (80, 100 and 150 Gy) was significantly lower, than in the strain from the lower elevation. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the F1 generation in the strain from the higher elevation was significantly lower at 80 and 150 Gy than that in strain from the lower elevation. The average number of eupyrene sperm in the F1 males descended from irradiated males was higher in the strain from the higher elevation than in the strain from the lower elevation. Inheritance of the resistance/susceptible to ionizing radiation were examined by standard genetic cross‐breeding analysis confirming the polygenic nature of the differences in radiosensitivity. The implications of these findings for the implementation of area‐wide integrated pest management programmes that integrate the use of sterile insects are discussed.
Identification of Coffee Genes Expressed During Systemic Acquired Resistance and Incompatible Interaction withHemileia vastatrix
Authors: Guzzo Sylvia Dias , Harakava Ricardo , Tsai Siu Mui 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCoffee genes associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and incompatible reaction against coffee leaf rust inoculation were identified by suppression subtractive hybridization. Analysis of 384 clones of each of the subtracted cDNA libraries identified genes involved in oxidative burst/apoptosis/hypersensitive response, synthesis of antimicrobial proteins, synthesis and transport of antimicrobial metabolites, signal perception and transduction, metabolism of lipids, regulated protein degradation and cell maintenance and development. Induction of distinct sets of genes in the two resistance responses was observed. A wide range of genes involved in defence responses described in other plant species was also found in coffee plants. Semi‐quantitative and quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of seven selected genes showed differences in their expression profile within 72 h after treatment. Full‐length cDNA sequences of two β‐1,3‐glucanases, one induced during SAR and the other in the incompatible reaction, were obtained by 5′ and 3′ RACE and the sequence data suggest different properties and cellular localization of the encoded proteins.
Regional‐Scale Excess Ar wave in a Barrovian type metamorphic belt, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Itaya Tetsumaru , Hyodo Hironobu , Tsujimori Tatsuki , Wallis Simon , Aoya Mutsuki , Kawakami Tetsuo , Gouzu Chitaro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLaser step heating40Ar/39Ar analysis of biotite and muscovite single crystals from a Barrovian type metamorphic belt in the eastern Tibetan plateau yielded consistent cooling ages of ca. 40 Ma in the sillimanite zone with peak metamorphic temperatures higher than 600°C and discordant ages from 46 to 197 Ma in the zones with lower peak temperatures. Chemical Th‐U‐Total Pb Isochron Method (CHIME) monazite (65 Ma) and sensitive high mass‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) apatite (67 Ma) dating give the age of peak metamorphism in the sillimanite zone. Moderate amounts of excess Ar shown by biotite grains with ages of 46 to 94 Ma at metamorphic grades up to the high‐grade part of the kyanite zone probably represent incomplete degassing during metamorphism. In contrast, the high‐grade part of the kyanite zone yields biotite ages of 130 to 197 Ma. The spatial distribution of these older ages in the kyanite zone along the sillimanite zone boundary suggests they reflect trapped excess argon that migrated from higher‐grade regions. The most likely source is muscovite that decomposed to form sillimanite. The zone with extreme amounts of excess argon preserves trapped remnants of an ‘excess argon wave’. We suggest this corresponds to the area where biotite cooled below its closure temperature in the presence of an elevated Ar wave. Extreme excess Ar is not recognized in muscovite suggesting that the entrapment of the argon wave by biotite took place when the rocks had cooled down to temperatures lower than the closure temperature of muscovite. The breakdown of phengite during ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphism may be a key factor in accounting for the very old apparent ages seen in many UHP metamorphic regions. This is the first documentation of a regional Ar‐wave spatially associated with regional metamorphism. This study also implies that resetting of the Ar isotopic systems in micas can require temperatures up to 600°C; much higher than generally thought.
Effect of different application depths of mitomycin‐C in deep sclerectomy with collagen implant: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Ravinet Emilie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurpose:  To evaluate effects of mitomycin‐C (MMC) in deep sclerectomy with collagen implant applied under the superficial scleral flap or under the deep scleral flap.Methods:  Twenty‐five patients with primary or secondary open‐angle glaucoma and at high risk for postoperative cicatrization underwent deep sclerectomy and were randomly distributed to the two treatment arms. In the superficial MMC group (S‐MMC), MMC was applied under the superficial scleral flap using a soaked sponge for 60 s; in the deep MMC group (D‐MMC), MMC was applied under the deep scleral flap for 60 s before entering the Schlemm's canal. In both groups, remaining MMC was irrigated with 40 mL balanced salt solution. Patients were followed up for up to 2 years. The volume of filtering blebs was studied with ultrasound biomicroscopy at the last follow‐up visit.Results:  Mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20.5 ± 8.9 mmHg for D‐MMC and 21.6 ± 6.6 mmHg for S‐MMC eyes (P = 0.67). The mean postoperative IOP was 5.3 ± 3.3 mmHg (D‐MMC) and 6.9 ± 4.8 mmHg (S‐MMC) at day 1 (P = 0.22) and 11.4 ± 6.3 mmHg (D‐MMC) versus 11.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (S‐MMC) at last follow up (P = 0.54). The mean number of medications per patient was reduced from 2.5 ± 0.5 to 0.4 ± 0.5 (D‐MMC) (P < 0.001) and from 2.5 ± 0.9 to 0.3 ± 0.4 (S‐MMC) (P < 0.001). Ultrasound biomicroscopy at 24 months showed mean intrascleral space volume of 1.97 ± 0.35 mm3 (D‐MMC) and 5.68 ± 0.42 mm3 (S‐MMC) (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  No significant difference in efficacy and safety was found between the two groups at a mean of 19.2 months of follow up. Deep scleral application of MMC, however, seems to produce significantly smaller intrascleral blebs.
Risk factors for urothelial carcinoma of the prostate in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Patel Sanjay G. , Cookson Michael S. , Barocas Daniel A. , Clark Peter E. , Smith Joseph A. , Chang Sam S. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVETo examine the risk factors for urothelial carcinoma (UC) involvement of the prostate in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) for bladder cancer, as such involvement has both prognostic and therapeutic implications.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe examined 308 consecutive men from 1998 to 2005 who had RCP for UC of the bladder, with whole‐mount processing of their prostate. Prostatic involvement was categorized by site of origin (the bladder or the prostatic urethra) and, in the case of prostatic urethral origin, by depth of invasion, i.e. dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (CIS), involving the prostatic urethra, prostatic ductal invasion or prostatic stromal invasion. The impact of pathological characteristics was evaluated.RESULTSIn all, 121 (39.3%) patients had some form of urothelial involvement of the prostate, of whom 59 (48.8%) had dysplasia/CIS of the prostatic urethra, 20 (16.5%) had ductal involvement and 32 (26.4%) had stromal involvement. Multivariate analysis showed that bladder CIS (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.6, P = 0.012) and trigonal involvement of bladder tumours (2.0, 1.1–3.7, P = 0.028) were independent risk factors for urothelial involvement of the prostate.CONCLUSIONThere was prostatic involvement with UC in nearly 40% of patients undergoing RCP. In this study CIS and trigonal involvement were independent predictors of risk, but were not adequate enough to accurately identify most patients who have UC within their prostate; further prospective studies are needed to more accurately predict risk factors and depth of invasion.
Evaluating combined land conservation benefits from perennial pasture: lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) for management of dryland salinity and herbicide resistance in Western Australia*
Authors: Doole Graeme J. , Pannell David J. 
Published: March 2009

The inclusion of perennial pasture phases in cropping rotations has been widely promoted throughout Australia for reducing the incidence of dryland salinity. To a lesser extent, they have also been promoted to enhance the management of herbicide‐resistant weeds. No previous economic analysis of perennial pasture has considered both of these benefits. This study combines a dynamic linear programming model to estimate the magnitude of salinity‐related benefits and a complex simulation model to assess the economics of herbicide‐resistance management. We present a case study of the perennial pasture lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in the Wheatbelt of Western Australia, where the weed annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) is resistant to multiple herbicide groups. Sequences incorporating lucerne are the most profitable land use at the standard set of parameter values if (i) annual ryegrass is resistant to all selective herbicides, (ii) the water table is so shallow (approximately < 3.5 m deep) that frequent rotation with perennials is required to avert soil salinisation, (iii) sheep production is highly profitable, or (iv) there is a combination of less extreme cases. The value of perennial pasture is sufficient under these circumstances to overcome its high establishment cost and the displacement of multiple years of crop. Consideration of dryland salinity and herbicide resistance are about equally important in evaluating the economics of lucerne; neither should be neglected.
Towards an Integrated Model of Interoperability for Spatial Data Infrastructures
Authors: Manso Miguel‐Ángel , Wachowicz Monica , Bernabé Miguel‐Ángel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough there is a vast literature available on interoperability models, and their respective interoperability levels, limited research has been carried out on the development of interoperability models for the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures. This article demonstrates the important role of metadata elements in the formalisation of interoperability models for the implementation of Spatial Data Infrastructures. It describes an approach for designing an integrated interoperability model based on the definition of a common template that integrates seven interoperability levels. They are: technical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, dynamic, conceptual and organisational levels. A non‐hierarchical structure is proposed to ensure the relationship among these interoperability levels.
Simple DEM‐Based Methods to Delineate Channel Networks for Hydrogeomorphological Mapping
Authors: Matsunaga Kohei , Nakaya Tomoki , Sugai Toshihiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo delineate channel networks from DEMs regardless of landform type, this article proposes a new method using slope‐weighted flow accumulation. To validate the method, SRTM‐3, a global DEM dataset with a resolution of approximately 90 m, was used for analysis of the Loess Plateau, China. Channel networks delineated with and without slope‐weighted flow accumulation were derived in both uplands and hilly lands for comparison. In the weighted flow accumulation method, the thresholds for delineating the channels were defined by detecting a turning point in the frequency distribution of the weighted flow accumulation function or by visual similarity with drainage channels extracted from topographic maps. The channel networks delineated with weighting showed closer correlation with a topographic map than the channel networks without weighting, despite the differences in thresholds. Moreover, the channel networks delineated with weighting represented the differences between landform types, while the channel networks without weighting did not. Weighting on the basis of the slope angle shows promise as a general channel delineation method which reflects the actual topography due to its hydrogeomorphological functions.
From myth to reality: Globalisation and public spending in OECD countries revisited
Authors: BUSEMEYER MARIUS R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe prevailing but not unchallenged ‘conventional wisdom’ in the literature dealing with the impact of globalisation on public spending is that the effects of increased openness can be compensated through the welfare state. Repeatedly, studies have found little evidence for a ‘race to the bottom’ in taxation or spending. This research note shows that it is premature to conclude that globalisation has no negative impact on public spending. By extending the period of observation into the 2000s, by looking at changes in openness and spending instead of their levels, and by disentangling the effects of openness in the cross‐sectional and over‐time dimensions of variation, this article shows that the association between increased openness and spending is clearly negative. Although the contribution of this research note is mainly empirical, some theoretical arguments are presented, emphasising the long‐term nature and complexity of policy making in the politics of globalisation.
The influence of presidential heads of state on government formation in European democracies: Empirical evidence
Authors: KANG SHIN‐GOO 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTheories of coalition politics have paid little attention to the role of presidential heads of state in the government‐formation process. This article investigates the influence of presidents on the two most important features of government‐formation outcomes: the identity of the party of the prime minister and the party composition of the coalition. Substantial evidence is found that presidents in European democracies have managed to induce their preferred governments from the potential alternatives. The results also suggest that parliament‐selected presidents and popularly elected presidents have different mechanisms of influence on these outcomes. The investigation sheds new light on the government‐formation process in semi‐presidential as well as in pure parliamentary systems.
Why the democratic nation‐state is still legitimate: A study of media discourses
Authors: HURRELMANN ACHIM , KRELL‐LALUHOVÁ ZUZANA , NULLMEIER FRANK , SCHNEIDER STEFFEN , WIESNER ACHIM 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFocusing on media discourses, this article maps the communicative reproduction of legitimacy in Great Britain, the United States, Germany and Switzerland. It argues that political communication constitutes a distinctive dimension of legitimation that should be studied alongside public opinion and political behaviour. Research on legitimation discourses can help us understand why the legitimacy of established democracies remains stable in spite of the challenges of globalisation: Delegitimating communication tends to focus on relatively marginal political institutions, while the core regime principles of the democratic nation‐state, which are deeply entrenched in the political cultures of Western countries, serve as anchors of legitimacy. These democratic principles also shape the normative benchmarks used to evaluate legitimacy, thus preventing a ‘de‐democratisation’ of legitimation discourses. Finally, the short‐lived nature of media interest as well as ritualistic legitimation practices shield the democratic nation‐state from many potentially serious threats to its legitimacy.
Measurement of cardiac output in normal pregnancy by a non‐invasive two‐dimensional independent Doppler device
Authors: KAGER Catharina C. M. , DEKKER Gus A. , STAM Monique C. 
Published: March 2009

Aims: To compose a normogram regarding cardiac output during pregnancy measured with ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM), a non‐expensive simple continuous wave Doppler device and to investigate if this machine could be useful for haemodynamic monitoring during pregnancy.Methods: Cardiac output was measured in 172 pregnant women with a gestational age < 21 weeks (n = 59), 21–32 weeks (n = 48), and > 32 weeks’ gestation (n = 48). Interobserver differences were determined by measuring 24 patients and comparing results between three different observers.Results: A good signal could be obtained in 155 (90.2%) pregnant women. Haemodynamic profiles were in line with data published in the literature. In 9.8 % of cases it was difficult to get a good result. Interobserver variations between the research officer (CK) and two clinicians were good (r = 0.9359 and r = 0.9609).Conclusion: USCOM appears to be a reliable and fast method to measure cardiac output compared with existing highly complex ultrasounds machines used in cardiology. It is easy to learn, cheap and quite reproducible between different observers. Further research is required to define its place in the management of hypertensive complications during pregnancy.
Achieving Effective Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy in Primary Care: The Role of Depression Care Management in Treating Late‐Life Depression
Authors: Bao Yuhua , Post Edward P. , Ten Have Thomas R. , Schackman Bruce R. , Bruce Martha L. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of an evidence‐based depression care management (DCM) intervention on the initiation and appropriate use of antidepressant in primary care patients with late‐life depression.DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial.SETTING: Community, primary care.PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected individuals aged 60 and older with routine appointments at 20 primary care clinics randomized to provide a systematic DCM intervention or care as usual.METHODS: Rates of antidepressant use and dose adequacy of patients in the two study arms were compared at each patient assessment (baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months). For patients without any antidepressant treatment at baseline, a longitudinal analysis was conducted using multilevel logistic models to compare the rate of antidepressant treatment initiation, dose adequacy when initiation was first recorded, and continued therapy for at least 4 months after initiation between study arms. All analyses were conducted for the entire sample and then repeated for the subsample with major or clinically significant minor depression at baseline.RESULTS: Rates of antidepressant use and dose adequacy increased over the first year in patients assigned to the DCM intervention, whereas the same rates held constant in usual care patients. In longitudinal analyses, the DCM intervention had a significant effect on initiation of antidepressant treatment (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=5.63, P<.001) and continuation of antidepressant medication for at least 4 months (OR=6.57, P=.04) for patients who were depressed at baseline.CONCLUSIONS: Evidence‐based DCM models are highly effective at improving antidepressant treatment in older primary care patients.
Expression of retinoic acid receptor β in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Xiaoli Zhou , Qinhe Fan 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Retinoic acid receptor β (RAR β) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in many solid human tumors. To investigate the putative role of RAR β in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), we examined the expression of RAR β in DFSPs and analyzed the correlation of expression patterns between RAR β and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 as well as clinicopathological variables.Methods:  Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated nuclear RAR β staining and cytoplasm COX‐2 staining in 53 DFSPs.Results:  48 DFSPs (90.58%) were immunopositive for RAR β, while 32 DFSPs (60.38%) were immunopositive for COX‐2. RAR β staining was significantly inversely correlated with COX‐2 staining (p < 0.001; r =−0.668).Conclusions:  Our data indicated that RAR β expressed in DFSPs and correlated with COX‐2 expression. RAR β may be a potential therapeutic target for unresectable DFSP cases.
Marathon of Eponyms: 1 Albers‐Schönberg disease (osteopetrosis)
Authors: Scully C , Langdon J , Evans J 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:The use of eponyms has long been contentious, but many remain in common use, as discussed elsewhere (Editorial: Oral Diseases. 2009 in press). The use of eponyms in diseases of the head and neck is mainly in specialities dealing with medically compromised individuals (paediatric dentistry, special care dentistry, oral and maxillofacial medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology, oral and maxillofacial radiology and oral and maxillofacial surgery) and particularly by hospital‐centred practitioners. This series has selected some of the more recognised relevant eponymous conditions and presents them alphabetically. The information is based largely on data available from MEDLINE and a number of internet websites as noted below: the authors would welcome any corrections. This paper summarises data about Albers‐Schönberg disease.