bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of structured stirring and mixing on gamete dispersal and aggregation in broadcast spawning
Authors: Crimaldi John P. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBroadcast-spawning benthic invertebrates synchronously release sperm and eggs from separate locations into the surrounding flow, whereupon the process depends on structured stirring by the flow field (at large scales), and sperm motility and taxis (at small scales) to bring the gametes together. The details of the relevant physical and biological aspects of the problem that result in successful and efficient fertilization are not well understood. This review paper includes relevant work from both the physical and biological communities to synthesize a more complete understanding of the processes that govern fertilization success; the focus is on the role of structured stirring on the dispersal and aggregation of gametes. The review also includes a summary of current trends and approaches for numerical and experimental simulations of broadcast spawning.
Description, Disagreement, and Fictional Names
Authors: Alward Peter 
Published: February 2012

In this paper, a theory of the contents of fictional names — names of fictional people, places, etc. — will be developed. The fundamental datum that must be addressed by such a theory is that fictional names are, in an important sense, empty: the entities to which they putatively refer do not exist. Nevertheless, they make substantial contributions to the truth conditions of sentences in which they occur. Not only do such sentences have truth conditions, sentences differing only in the fictional names they contain differ in their truth conditions. It is, after all, commonplace to note such things as, for example, thatBilbo Baggins is a hobbitis true, andSherlock Holmes is a hobbitis false, while acknowledging at the same time that neither Baggins nor Holmes exists. The central problem, therefore, is that of reconciling the emptiness of fictional names with their substantial contributions.
Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale: Cultural Validation of Soc Questionnaire and Socio-Demographic Patterns in an Italian Population
Authors: Sardu Claudia , Mereu Alessandra , Sotgiu Alessandra , Andrissi Laura , Jacobson Maria Katarina , Contu Paolo 
Published: February 2012

Background:
The theory of salutogenesis entails that the ability to use resources for one’s wellbeing is more important than the resources themselves. This ability is referred to as the Sense of Coherence (SOC). This paper present the cross-culturally adapted version of the Italian questionnaire (13 items), and the psychometric and statistical testing of the SOC properties. It offers for the first time a view of the distribution of SOC in an Italian sample, and uses a multivariate method to clarify the effects of socio-demographic determinants on SOC.

Methods:
The cross-cultural adaptation of the English SOC questionnaire was carried out according to the guidelines reported in literature. To evaluate the psychometric and statistical properties we assessed reliability, validity and frequency distribution of the collected data. A Generalised Linear Model was used to analyse the effects of socio demographic variables on SOC.

Results:
The Italian SOC scale demonstrates a good internal consistency (α = 0.825). The model obtained with factorial analysis is not related to the traditional dimensions of SOC represented in more than one factor. The multivariate analysis highlights the joint influence of gender, age and education on SOC.

Conclusion:
The validated Italian questionnaire is now available. Socio-demographic variables should be taken into account as confounders when SOC values among different populations are compared. Presenting data on SOC of the Italian population makes a control population available for comparisons with specific subgroups, such as patient populations. Now, the Italian challenge is to integrate the salutogenic approach into Public Health police.
Accounting Students' Metacognition: The Association of Performance, Calibration Error, and Mindset
Authors: Ravenscroft Susan P. , Waymire Tammy R. , West Timothy D. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
In recognition of the evolving body of knowledge in the accounting profession, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA 2010) highlights the importance of viewing learning as a lifelong process that requires self-awareness and extends beyond the academic setting. Metacognition, the assessment and regulation of one's own learning, is a crucial element in lifelong learning. We draw upon judgment of learning research and introduce mindset theory to explore the relationship among (1) exam performance, (2) calibration error, measured as expected minus actual exam scores, and (3) mindset, a person's basic beliefs about learning and ability (Dweck 2000, 2006) in the accounting classroom. We find strong evidence that exam performance is inversely related to calibration error (Kruger and Dunning 1999). We also find modest evidence that a growth mindset is associated with improved performance and decreased calibration error. While the mindset results were not entirely consistent with prior research in educational psychology, we explore possible reasons and future directions for accounting education research.
Derivation of a Preliminary Clinical Prediction Rule for Identifying a Subgroup of Patients With Low Back Pain Likely to Benefit From Pilates-Based Exercise
Authors: Stolze Lise R. , Allison Stephen C. , Childs John D. 
Published: February 2012

Study Design Prospective cohort study. Objective To derive a preliminary clinical prediction rule for identifying a subgroup of patients with low back pain (LBP) likely to benefit from Pilates-based exercise. Background Pilates-based exercise has been shown to be effective for patients with LBP. However, no previous work has characterized patient attributes for those most likely to have a successful outcome from treatment. Methods Ninety-six individuals with nonspecific LBP participated in the study. Treatment response was categorized based on changes in the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores after 8 weeks. An improvement of 50% or greater was categorized as achieving a successful outcome. Thirty-seven variables measured at baseline were analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods to derive a clinical prediction rule for successful outcome with Pilates exercise. Accuracy statistics, receiver-operator curves, and regression analyses were used to determine the association between standardized examination variables and treatment response status. Results Ninety-five of 96 participants completed the study, with 51 (53.7%) achieving a successful outcome. A preliminary clinical prediction rule with 5 variables was identified: total trunk flexion range of motion of 70° or less, duration of current symptoms of 6 months or less, no leg symptoms in the last week, body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or greater, and left or right hip average rotation range of motion of 25° or greater. If 3 or more of the 5 attributes were present (positive likelihood ratio, 10.64), the probability of experiencing a successful outcome increased from 54% to 93%. Conclusion These data provide preliminary evidence to suggest that the response to Pilates-based exercise in patients with LBP can be predicted from variables collected from the clinical examination. If subsequently validated in a randomized clinical trial, this prediction rule may be useful to improve clinical decision making in determining which patients are most likely to benefit from Pilates-based exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):425–436. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3826
Thermomagnetic Properties Improved by Self‐Organized Flower‐Like Phase Separation of Ferromagnetic Co2Dy0.5Mn0.5Sn
Authors: Schwall Michael , Schoop Leslie M. , Ouardi Siham , Balke Benjamin , Felser Claudia , Klaer Peter , Elmers Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA thermodynamically stable phase separation of Co2Dy0.5Mn0.5Sn into the Heusler compound Co2MnSn and Co8Dy3Sn4 is induced by rapid cooling from the liquid phase. The phase separation forms an ordered flower‐like structure on the microscale. The increased scattering of phonons at the phase boundaries reduces the thermal conductivity and thus improves thermoelectric and spincaloric properties.
Spiro[chromane‐2,4′‐piperidine]‐Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors with Improved in vivo Activity
Authors: Thaler Florian , Varasi Mario , Carenzi Giacomo , Colombo Andrea , Abate Agnese , Bigogno Chiara , Boggio Roberto , Carrara Simone , Cataudella Tiziana , Dal Zuffo Roberto , Reali Veronica , Vultaggio Stefania , Dondio Giulio , Gagliardi Stefania , Minucci Saverio , Mercurio Ciro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA series of spiro[chromane‐2,4′‐piperidine] derivatives based on a previously published lead benzyl spirocycle 1 and bearing various N‐aryl and N‐alkylaryl substituents on the piperidine ring were prepared as novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. The compounds were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit nuclear HDACs, their in vitro antiproliferative activities, and in vitro ADME profiles. Based on these activities, 4‐fluorobenzyl and 2‐phenylethyl spirocycles were selected for further characterization. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies showed that both compounds exhibit an overall lower clearance rate, an increased half‐life, and higher AUCs after intravenous and oral administration than spiropiperidine 1 under the conditions used. The improved PK behavior of these two compounds also correlated with superior in vivo antitumor activity in an HCT‐116 xenograft model.
Spiked Gold Beads as Substrates for Single‐Particle SERS
Authors: Aldeanueva‐Potel Paula , Carbó‐Argibay Enrique , Pazos‐Pérez Nicolás , Barbosa Silvia , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Alvarez‐Puebla Ramón A. , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe introduce a new family of spiked particles resulting from the growth of high aspect ratio gold nanorods. Upon spike growth, elongated beads are obtained with sizes above 300 nm. Interestingly, and in contrast to smooth particles of the same size, these spiked‐particles are not only able to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances and consequently enhance Raman signals, but are also big enough to be recognized by standard confocal optical microscopy. These spiked beads have been engineered into thin films to test their surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancing efficiency as a function of the particle density. Such films provide a high level of portability and easiness of use for “in‐field” optical ultrasensitive analysis.
The linear and nonlinear optical response of native‐oxide covered rippled Si templates with nanoscale periodicity
Authors: Persechini L. , Ranjan M. , Grossmann F. , Facsko S. , McGilp J. F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFabrication of dense arrays of nanowires by growth on nanostructured substrates appears to be a promising approach for producing functional nanoscale devices. Ion beam irradiation under carefully controlled conditions produces self‐organized ripple patterns on silicon substrates, on which Ag nanowire arrays with nanoscale periodicity have been grown successfully. Here, the linear and nonlinear optical response from native‐oxide‐covered Si(001) templates, with ripple periodicity between ∼20 and ∼50 nm, is reported. Reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) shows a small, broad peak at ∼2.5 eV of ∼1 × 10−3 amplitude. The RAS response decreases as the periodicity of the ripple structure increases. The nonlinear second‐harmonic (SH) response from the samples was also measured, using unamplified femtosecond excitation at 800 nm, by rotating the linear polarized input and detecting either the s‐ or p‐polarized SH output. A decrease in response with increased ripple structure periodicity was observed for the p‐in/p‐out configuration, when the plane of incidence was orthogonal to the average ripple orientation. Possible origins of the response and future experiments are discussed.
Capturing and radio ear‐tagging neonatal vicuñas
Authors: Donadio Emiliano , Ruiz Blanco Mariel , Crego Ramiro D. , Buskirk Steven W. , Novaro Andrés J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe used and evaluated the effectiveness of a hand‐capture technique to capture and mark neonatal vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) at San Guillermo National Park, west‐central Argentina. We captured and marked 98 neonates during 5–31 January, 2008–2010. Capture success was 92% (106 attempts), with stationary marking teams being 2.5 times as successful in detecting and capturing neonates as mobile ones. Of neonates captured, 99% were <1 day old. Of these, average age at capture was 11.9 minutes (95% CI = 11–13 min); neonates >20 minutes old typically were too mobile to capture. Sex ratio at capture was biased toward males (1.5:1), while mean body weight and neck circumference were similar between sexes. Generally, mothers remained in sight during, and immediately reunited with their neonates after, capture. Four percent of the mothers ran out of sight but then returned, while 2% failed to return. Capture‐related mortality was 5%, with maternal abandonment in response to capture activities (n = 3) the leading cause. Ear‐tag transmitter had minimal effects on subsequent ear position. The success of our technique likely was based on terrain (flat) and vegetative conditions (short grass), high densities of animals for monitoring (particularly in a meadow), and a predictable, pulsed birth season. This hand‐capturing method was efficient for handling and marking neonatal vicuñas. Combined with the use of ear‐tag transmitters, it allows the study of important perinatal processes, including movement and mortality. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Repeated capture of a cytoplasmic linear plasmid by the host nucleus in Debaryomyces hansenii
Authors: Satwika Dhira , Klassen Roland , Meinhardt Friedhelm 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDebaryomyces hansenii is a halotolerant yeast species that has been shown to carry various nuclear genes of plasmid or viral origin (NUPAVs). However, a recent ancestor of such NUPAVs has not been identified. Here we determined for the first time the molecular structure of an entire cytoplasmic linear plasmid, pDH1A, indigenous to this species. The element is related to non‐autonomous killer plasmids from Kluyveromyces lactis and Pichia acaciae and carries a B‐type DNA polymerase as well as remnants of a killer toxin system, a secreted chitin‐binding protein. Other essential toxin subunits or an immunity function, however, appear to be lost, while two additional small open reading frames are present. Transcripts for all four genes located on pDH1A could be verified by RT–PCR. Interestingly, all genes from pDH1A could be identified as ancestors of NUPAVs located at different chromosomes within the nucleus of D. hansenii, suggesting repeated nuclear capture of fragments originating from pDH1A. The sequence of pDH1A has been deposited in the GenBank data library, Accession No. JN624283. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of two Novel 2D Coordination Frameworks with the Ligand H3nbtc: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescence
Authors: Li Shi‐Jie , Liu Jian‐She , Guo Jian , Ji Li‐Li , Song Wen‐Dong , Ma De‐Yun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTwo novel 2D coordination polymers, namely, {[Cu2(L)2][Cu(H2O)3]}n (1) and {Pb3(O2N‐btb)2}n (2) (O2N‐H3btb = 5‐nitro‐benzene‐1, 2, 3‐tricarboxylic acid, L = 5‐nitro‐2‐oxidoisophthalate), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 is an infinite 2D layer exhibiting an extended 3D supramolecular network structure. O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions play a key role in forming the final 3D supramolecular framework. It is noted that 5‐nitro‐benzene‐1, 2, 3‐tricarboxylic acid (O2N‐H3btb) was in situ transformed to 5‐nitro‐2‐oxidoisophthalate in 1. Compound 2 is a 2D microporous lead‐containing metal‐organic framework made up of interconnected Pb‐carboxylate chains, involving three independent lead atoms with three different coordination arrangements. Furthermore, the solid‐state photoluminescence and lifetime characteristics of 2 reveal intense blue luminescence.
Regional and environmental impacts of expanding the heavy duty vehicle charge to the secondary road network in Austria
Authors: Steininger Karl W. , Schmid Christoph , Tobin Alexandra 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In road freight transport a particularly large share of the total social costs generated is not borne by road users. To correct for this, many European countries use pricing instruments specifically targeted at heavy duty vehicles, so far targeted almost exclusively at the primary road network. In line with the overall EU objective of greening the transport sector, we discuss the possibility of expanding the road charging system to a more comprehensive, area-wide one. The degree to which peripheral or disadvantaged regions are hit over-proportionally by such a measure remains an open question in the literature on heavy duty vehicle road pricing. We combine an input–output and a computable general equilibrium approach to analyse the case for Austria. We find that while it is not the sectors of highest economic importance in the periphery regions that are hit by the charge, those sectors that are hit are those which are relatively more important in peripheral regions (with up to a twofold share in value added) and for whom production price impacts tend to be relatively strong. The short term consumer price effect of extending the current primary road network charges to the secondary network is found not to exceed 0.15%. In terms of the principles of sustainable transport we find that extending charge coverage is compatible with most core principles, the exception being the principle of regional need. In terms of environmental impact, for example, expanding heavy duty vehicle charges to the secondary road network reduces heavy duty vehicle kilometres in the overall network (and related emissions) by roughly 2%. However, in order to comply with the needs principle, suitable complementary transfer policies need to be designed and implemented for peripheral regions.
Trehalose‐Induced Changes in Seed Oil Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Maize Grown Under Drought Stress
Authors: Ali Qasim , Ashraf Muhammad , Anwar Farooq , Al‐Qurainy Fahad 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe present investigation was conducted to determine if foliar‐applied trehalose (an osmoprotectant) could ameliorate the adverse effects of water shortage on maize seed oil composition and oil antioxidant potential. Drought stress significantly reduced the seed oil but increased oleic acid and linolenic acid contents of the oil with a concomitant decrease in linoleic acid content, which resulted in an increased oil oleic/linoleic ratio in both maize cultivars. Water stress also increased the seed oil α‐ γ‐ δ‐ and total tocopherols and flavonoids of both maize cultivars, however, oil phenolic content and oil antioxidant activity decreased. Exogenously applied trehalose positively influenced seed composition of both maize cultivars under non‐stress and water stress conditions. Exogenous application of trehalose further increased the oil oleic and linolenic acid contents with a subsequent decrease in linoleic acid. Furthermore, exogenous application of trehalose increased the oil antioxidant activity in terms of oil DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity with an increase in oil tocopherols, total flavonoids and total phenolics contents.
Propagation of solitary waves and shock wavelength in the pair plasma
Authors: MALEKOLKALAMI BEHROOZ , MOHAMMADI TAIMUR 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe propagation of electrostatic waves is studied in plasma system consisting of pair-ions and stationary additional ions in presence of the Sagdeev potential (pseudopotential) as function of electrostatic potential (pseudoparticle). It is remarked that both compressive and rarefective solitary waves can be propagated in this plasma system. These electrostatic solitary waves, however, cannot be propagated if the density of stationary ions increases from one critical value or decreases from another when the temperature and the Mach number are fixed. Also, when pseudoparticle is affected with a little dissipation of energy, it is trapped in potential well and can oscillate. Oscillations generate shock wave in the media, and in the negative minimal point of the well it is possible to compute numerically the shock wavelength for the allowed values of the plasma parameters.
Generic maps of the projective plane with a single triple point
Authors: HOWARD GREG , GOODMAN SUE 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCromwell and Marar present an analysis of semi-regular (generic) surfaces with a single triple point and connected self-intersection set. Six of their surfaces are the projective plane, including Boy's surface and Steiner's surface. We build on their work by incorporating twists similar to that of Apery's immersion of the projective plane and show that with a few additional surfaces, all such generic maps of the projective plane are now identified.
Antimicrobial peptides in the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: MORIZANE Shin , GALLO Richard L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractOne characteristic abnormality of lesional skin in psoriasis is the excessive production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). AMPs typically are small (12–50 amino acids), have positive charge and amphipathic structure, and are found in all living organisms including mammals, insects, plants and invertebrates. These peptides are best known for their integral role in killing pathogenic microorganisms; however, in vertebrates, they are also capable of modifying host inflammatory responses by a variety of mechanisms. In psoriatic lesions, many AMPs are highly expressed, and especially the associations between psoriasis and cathelicidin, β‐defensins or S100 proteins have been well studied. Among them, a cathelicidin peptide, LL‐37, has been highlighted as a modulator of psoriasis development in recent years. AMPs had been thought to worsen psoriatic lesions but recent evidence has also suggested the possibility that the induction of AMPs expression might improve aspects of the disease. Further investigations are needed to uncover a previously underappreciated role for AMPs in modulating the immune response in psoriasis, and to improve disease without the risks of systemic immunosuppressive approaches.