bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course and Prognostic Implications of QT Interval in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: KINOSHITA TAKESHI , ASAI TOHRU , SUZUKI TOMOAKI , MATSUBAYASHI KEIJI , HORIE MINORU 
Published: April 2012

Course and Prognostic Implication of QT After CABG. Introduction: The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic implication of preoperative QT interval in relation to overall death and sudden cardiac death after coronary bypass surgery and to investigate the course of QT interval after surgery.Methods and Results: Of 812 consecutive patients undergoing isolated off‐pump coronary surgery, 656 were retrospectively analyzed after excluding the 48 patients who were taking QT prolonging drugs and the 108 patients who had any of the following electrocardiographic findings: atrial fibrillation, pacemaker, QRS of >120 milliseconds, bundle branch block. QT intervals were corrected for heart rate (QTc) using Bazett's formula. Prolonged QTc was defined as QTc of ≥450 milliseconds in men (n = 144) and ≥470 milliseconds in women (n = 36). The 5‐year cumulative rate of sudden cardiac death in patients with prolonged QTc was 25% against 4% for those with normal QTc (P = 0.01). The risk‐adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for the association between preoperative QTc and overall death was 1.47 (1.21–1.74) per 1‐SD increase in QTc; and 2.38 (1.50–3.45) for prolonged versus normal QT. For sudden cardiac death, the respective ratios were 1.63 (1.32–2.25) per 1‐SD increase in QTc; and 3.32 (2.14–4.23). QTc interval did not change during the first year after surgery, but increased significantly during the subsequent years. Patients with prolonged QTc before surgery had consistently longer QTc even after revascularization than those with normal QTc.Conclusion: Preoperative QT interval was an independent predictor of overall death and sudden cardiac death after isolated coronary bypass surgery. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 645–649, June 2012)
Two Versus One Repeat Freeze–Thaw Cycle(s) After Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation: The ALSTER EXTRA Pilot Study
Authors: CHUN KYOUNG RYUL JULIAN , FÜRNKRANZ ALEXANDER , KÖSTER ILKA , METZNER ANDREAS , TÖNNIS TOBIAS , WOHLMUTH PETER , WISSNER ERIK , SCHMIDT BORIS , OUYANG FEIFAN , KUCK KARL HEINZ 
Published: April 2012

Two versus One Repeat Freeze–Thaw Cycle(s). Background: Repeated freezing (bonus applications) during cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been suggested to improve lesion durability. However, the long‐term clinical effects of repeated freezing have not been investigated.Methods and Results: A total of 51 patients (pts) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent PVI using the single big (28 mm) cryoballoon technique. One (27 pts, group I) or 2 bonus applications (24 pts, group II) were performed at all PVs subsequent to PVI. Clinical follow‐up consisted of continuous rhythm monitoring by an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM, 24 pts) and serial 7‐day Holter‐ECG recording (7DH, 27 pts). The primary endpoint was defined as recurrent AF or atrial tachycardia.Acute PVI of all PVs was obtained in 50/51 pts (98%). The median (Q1;Q3) follow‐up duration in this study was 384 (213;638) days. The primary endpoint occurred in 48% (group I, 15 pts ICM, 12 pts 7DH) and 46% (group II, 9 pts ICM, 15 pts 7DH), P = 0.84. Procedure‐ and fluoroscopy‐time for group I versus group II was 193 ± 56 minutes versus 207 ± 27 and 33 ± 13 minutes versus 34 ± 11 minutes, respectively. Right phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) occurred in 3 pts (all group II, time to resolution: 128 ± 112 days). In 2 of these pts, PNP occurred during the second bonus application.Conclusion: Application of 2 when compared to 1 freeze–thaw cycle(s) following cryoballoon PVI did not result in improved clinical success but was associated with a higher complication rate. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 814‐819, August 2012)
Three‐Dimensional Echocardiographic Imaging of Biventricular False Tendons Mimicking Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kucuk Ugur , Demirkol Sait , Celik Turgay , Balta Sevket , Yokusoglu Mehmet 
Published: April 2012

Mini‐Abstract:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricle, with variable clinical manifestations and morphologic and hemodynamic abnormalities. False tendons (FTs) are discrete, fibromuscular structures of varying length and thickness that tranverse either left and right ventricular cavities. Left and right ventricular FTs were giving a false impression of HCM. Misdiagnosis of HCM can lead to undue anxiety, unnecessary medication, and further evaluation. Three‐dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography is additive to conventional two‐dimensional imaging in these patients in terms of 3D perspective and anatomically correct examination. We present a 32‐year‐old male who was misdiagnosed as asymetrical septal hypertrophy.
Effect of FeOt Content and CaO/SiO2 Ratio on Hydrogen Dissolution in CaF2–CaO–SiO2‐Based Welding Fluxes
Authors: Park Jun‐Yong , Park Seo‐Jung , Chang Woong‐Seong , Sohn Il 
Published: April 2012

The solubility of hydrogen in the CaF2–CaO–SiO2–FeOt slag system was studied to characterize the dependence of hydrogen dissolution behavior on the CaO/SiO2 ratio and the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox equilibrium at 1823 K. In an acidic slag composition, the dissolved hydrogen seems to exist as an incorporated hydroxyl, where the supplied water vapor reacts with the bridged oxygen (Oo) of the slag network. In a basic slag composition, hydrogen dissolves as a free hydroxyl in the molten slag by reacting with the free oxygen (O2−). Using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) and Raman spectroscopy, the addition of FeOt depolymerized the slag structure in an acidic slag system, but polymerized the slag structure in a basic slag system as the FeOt content increased. Furthermore, the formation of γ‐ and δ‐FeO(OH) was controlled by the amount of Fe2O3 present in the flux and increased at higher concentrations of Fe2O3. At a fixed Fe2O3 content and with CaO/SiO2 ratios varying from 0.7 to 1.3, the hydrogen solubility curve was parabolic as a function of CaO/SiO2, with a minimum near the CaO/SiO2 ratio of 1.0 and rapidly increasing at CaO/SiO2 ratios above 1.0.
Peri‐implant bone formation and surface characteristics of rough surface zirconia implants manufactured by powder injection molding technique in rabbit tibiae
Authors: Park Young‐Seok , Chung Shin‐Hye , Shon Won‐Jun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate osseointegration in rabbit tibiae and to investigate surface characteristics of novel zirconia implants made by powder injection molding (PIM) technique, using molds with and without roughened inner surfaces.Material and methodsA total of 20 rabbits received three types of external hex implants with identical geometry on the tibiae: machined titanium implants, PIM zirconia implants without mold etching, and PIM zirconia implants with mold etching. Surface characteristics of the three types of implant were evaluated. Removal torque tests and histomorphometric analyses were performed.ResultsThe roughness of PIM zirconia implants was higher than that of machined titanium implants. The PIM zirconia implants exhibited significantly higher bone–implant contact and removal torque values than the machined titanium implants (P < 0.001). The PIM zirconia implants using roughened mold showed significantly higher removal torque values than PIM zirconia implants without using roughened mold (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIt is concluded that the osseointegration of PIM zirconia implant is promising and PIM using roughened mold etching technique can produce substantially rough surfaces on zirconia implants.
Overcoming the Doping Legacy: Can London's Winners Outperform the Drugs of 1988?
Authors: Stefani Ray 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The 1988 Olympics were followed by anti-doping measures. Performances then diminished. Ray Stefani examines the rate of improvement in various events to see whether clean athletes can overcome the barriers set by suspect records of the past. He also predicts the number of medals that Britain will win in 2012.
Olympic Swimming Gold: The Suit or the Swimmer in the Suit?
Authors: Stefani Ray 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Mark Spitz won seven gold medals wearing briefs. Michael Phelps won 14 gold medals in Athens and Beijing in a high-tech all-over bodysuit. In 2010 high-technology swimsuits were banned from competition, as significantly improving performance. But do they really make a difference? Ray Stefani evaluates them, beginning with an evocative photo from the 1924 Olympics.
Piano Virtuosos and the Four-Minute Mile
Authors: Wainer Howard 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Roger Bannister ran a four-minute mile and the world was astonished. Now most national-class milers can do it. Concert pianists today are breathtakingly good. Their technique far surpasses the virtuosos of the past. What is the connection? Why are hard things becoming so much more commonly achieved? Howard Wainer explains.
Chinese Stylized Sterilization: The Cost‐sharing Mechanism and Financial Repression
Authors: Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper attempts to explain why sterilized intervention was so successful and sustainable in China during the first decade of the 21st century. We argue that the Chinese Government established a sterilization cost‐sharing mechanism among the People's Bank of China, commercial banks and the household sector. On the one hand, Chinese commercial banks have to assume some of the sterilization costs by purchasing low yield central bank bills and maintaining high levels of required reserves. On the other hand, Chinese households assume some of the sterilization costs by bearing negative real deposit interest rates. The cost‐sharing mechanism under financial repression prevents a huge quasi‐fiscal loss by the People's Bank of China as well as high inflation. However, Chinese households have become victims of this financial repression. Faced with the pressure of changing the growth model from investment‐driven to domestic consumption‐driven, the interest rate will have to be liberalized eventually, which will, in turn, make sterilized intervention unsustainable.
A Comparison of Criterion Standard Methods to Diagnose Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Collins Sean P. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Yealy Donald M. , Maron David J. , Naftilan Allen J. , McPherson John A. , Storrow Alan B. 
Published: April 2012

©2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.The authors sought to compare and contrast the clinical criterion standards currently used in a cohort of emergency department (ED) patients to diagnose acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS). In a prospective observational study of patients with signs and symptoms of AHFS, 3 criterion standards were examined: (1) the treating ED physician’s diagnosis; (2) the hospital discharge diagnosis; and (3) a diagnosis based on medical record review by a panel of cardiologists. Using Cohen’s kappa (κ) coefficient, the authors assessed agreement and then compared the different standards by repeatedly setting one as the criterion standard and the other two as index tests. A total of 483 patients were enrolled. Across all criterion standards, patients with AHFS were more likely to have a history of AHFS, congestion on physical examination and chest radiography, and elevated natriuretic peptide levels than those without AHFS. The standards agreed well (cardiology review vs hospital discharge diagnosis, κ=0.74; cardiology review vs ED diagnosis, κ=0.66; ED diagnosis vs hospital discharge diagnosis κ=0.59). Each method had similar sensitivity but differing specificities. Different criterion standards identify different patients from among those being evaluated for AHFS. Researchers should consider this when choosing between the various criterion standard approaches when evaluating new index tests.
Factors controlling flooding at the Tonalá river mouth (Mexico)
Authors: Pedrozo‐Acuña A. , Ruiz de Alegria‐Arzaburu A. , Mariño‐Tapia I. , Enriquez C. , González Villareal F.J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis investigation presents an integrated study for the identification of coastal and fluvial forcing, in the generation of flood events in the lower area of the Tonalá River. The methodology is designed to reduce some of the uncertainties in the results and is comprised by high‐quality field measurements, a two‐dimensional numerical model and light ranging and detection data. Under typical conditions, results show good agreement between numerical and measured data. Investigation of mesh resolution effects and roughness parameterisation along the floodplain demonstrates the grid independence of the results and enabled the selection of a realistic roughness value for the floodplain. Results imply a sensitivity of the region to the combined river and coastal forcing. This study demonstrates that a good description of the terrain elevation, acquisition of high‐quality bathymetric data and proper calibration of the roughness parameters provide the adequate set‐up for the identification of vulnerable areas to flood events generated by river discharges and storm surges. The combined scenarios of high discharges and storm surges showed a delicate balance between river and coastal fluxes within this system. The approach could be useful for both, the generation of flood management strategies and the understanding of the role of driving physical processes.
Update on the keratoconus genetics
Authors: Nielsen Kim , Hjortdal Jesper , Pihlmann Maria , Corydon Thomas J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.Keratoconus (KC) is one of the leading causes for keratoplasty. While the genetic aetiology of more and more corneal dystrophies is revealed, KC falls behind. And it is not because of lack of effort. The diversity in the many published results from over two decades is discussed in relation to the present knowledge in molecular biology. Results that at first appear to be in conflict with each other make sense when placed in the right context. Ophthalmologists often refer to KC as a heterogeneous disease. This review demonstrates that it truly is a multifactorial disease. Despite the many attempts to reveal the aetiology of KC, the pathological mechanism(s) still remain to be solved.
Location of main occluding areas and masticatory ability in patients with implant‐supported prostheses
Authors: Tanigawa Y , Kasahara T , Yamashita S 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground:  The purpose of this study was to locate the main occluding area when the reduced posterior occlusal support was treated with an implant‐supported prosthesis and to evaluate the subsequent improvement in the masticatory ability as compared with removable partial dentures.Methods:  Twenty‐six patients with implant prostheses and 24 patients with removable partial dentures were recruited for this study. All patients had partially lost their posterior occlusal support. The first molar region in any quadrant was always included in the prosthetic region. Each subject was instructed to clench a piece of temporary stopping as a test food on the occluding area that was preferably used during mastication. The main occluding area was judged by locating the tooth on which the temporary stopping rested during clenching. Subjective masticatory ability was self‐assessed by means of a questionnaire.Results:  The main occluding area of the subjects in the implant group was located more posterior compared with the removable partial denture group. The level of masticatory ability in the implant group was the same as that in the control group.Conclusions: The location of the main occluding area and the masticatory ability of the subjects with implants were equivalent to those with healthy natural dentition.
Characteristics of premaxillary supernumerary teeth in primary and mixed dentitions: a retrospective analysis of 212 cases
Authors: Shekhar Madiraju G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract Aim:  To investigate the characteristics and distribution of premaxillary supernumerary teeth affecting primary and mixed dentitions in Indian children.Methods:  This retrospective analysis included 11 200 children, aged 3–12 years, who attended a pediatric dental clinic for dental care during the period 2007–2010. The children were divided into group I (aged 3–6 years) and group II (aged 7–12 years), and data regarding maxillary anterior supernumerary teeth, diagnosed both as isolated and/or as unexpected findings during routine clinical and radiological examinations, were gathered. Pearson’s χ2‐test, with a 0.05 level of significance, was used for the analysis.Results:  The overall prevalence of premaxillary supernumerary teeth in primary and mixed dentitions was 1.9%. Single supernumerary teeth (84.9%) and conical morphology (68.7%) were commonly seen in both groups. The most common sagittal position was palatal (92.3%) among both erupted and impacted maxillary anterior supernumerary teeth.Conclusion:  The prevalence of premaxillary supernumerary teeth in Indian children found in this study was 1.9%, with an overall male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Single supernumerary teeth, conical morphology, and erupted supernumerary teeth were the most commonly seen. Supernumerary teeth associated with clinical complications were relatively low (48%), and axial rotation or displacement of maxillary incisors was the most common sequelae.
Aberrant L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule Affects Tumor Behavior and Chemosensitivity in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Koon Soon , Min Jeong-Ki , Liang Zhe Long , Lee Kyungmin , Lee Jung Uee , Bae Kwang-Hee , Lee Min Hee , Lee Seong Eun , Ryu Min Jeong , Kim Soung Jung , Kim Yong Kyoung , Choi Min Jeong , Jo Young Suk , Kim Jin-Man , Shong Minho 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most invasive human cancers and has a poor prognosis. Molecular targets of ATC that determine its highly aggressive nature remain unidentified. This study investigated L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) expression and its role in tumorigenesis of ATCs.Experimental Design: Expression of L1CAM in thyroid cancer was evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses of tumor samples from patients with thyroid cancer. We investigated the role of L1CAM in proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown experiments in human ATC cell lines. Finally, we evaluated the role of L1CAM on tumorigenesis with ATC xenograft assay in a nude mouse model.Results: L1CAM expression was not detectable in normal follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid or in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In contrast, analysis of ATC samples showed specifically higher expression of L1CAM in the invasive area of the tumor. Specific knockdown of L1CAM in the ATC cell lines, FRO and 8505C, caused a significant decrease in the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of the cells. Suppression of L1CAM expression in ATC cell lines increased chemosensitivity to gemcitabine or paclitaxel. Finally, in an ATC xenograft model, depletion of L1CAM markedly reduced tumor growth and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice.Conclusions: We report that L1CAM is highly expressed in the samples taken from patients with ATCs. L1CAM plays an important role in determining tumor behavior and chemosensitivity in cell lines derived from ATCs. Therefore, we suggest that L1CAM may be an important therapeutic target in patients with ATCs. Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3071–8. ©2012 AACR.
Simplifying the Energy Balance Message for Breast Cancer Prevention
Authors: Fabian Carol J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Simple prevention messages based on understandable biologic principles are likely to be adopted. The long-held premise that postmenopausal obesity elevates, but premenopausal obesity reduces, risk for breast cancer is confusing to the public. Furthermore, decades of positive energy balance may be difficult to suddenly reverse at the time of the menopause. In this issue (beginning on page 583), Cecchini et al. suggest that obesity may also be a risk factor for pre-menopausal women 35 and older who have additional risk factors for breast cancer. Although the relative impact of dysregulated energy metabolism depends on many factors including age, hormonal milieu, and competing risk factors, as well as how it is measured, avoiding weight gain after age 30 is increasingly being recognized as a simple way to reduce risk of breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 5(4); 511–4. ©2012 AACR.
Venous thromboembolism prevention with fondaparinux 1.5 mg in renally impaired patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Mismetti Patrick , Samama Charles-Marc , Rosencher Nadia , Vielpeau Claude , Nguyen Philippe , Deygas Beatrice , Presles Emilie , Laporte Silvy ,   for The PROPICE Study Group
Published: April 2012

SummaryDespite the need for effective and safe thromboprophylactic drugs for patients with renal impairment, clinical trial data on anticoagulant agents are limited in this population. The study aim was to assess in the real-world setting the use of the once-daily 1.5 mg reduced dosage regimen of fondaparinux available for this context. In this prospective cohort study, patients with a creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 20–50 ml/ minute, undergoing total hip (THR) or knee (TKR) replacement or hip fracture surgery (HFS) received fondaparinux thromboprophylaxis. Main clinical outcomes were bleeding (major/clinically relevant nonmajor), symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and death. Overall, 442 patients (353 women; median age: 82 years; 39.4% in ASA class ≥3; mean ± SD CrCl: 39.0 ± 8.0 ml/minute; 78% with additional risk factors for bleeding), undergoing THR (43.7%), TKR (27.6%), or HFS (28.7%) received fondaparinux 1.5 mg for a mean ± SD duration of 16.0 ± 12.5 days. At postoperative day 10, the rates (95% confidence interval) of major bleeding, clinically relevant bleeding and symptomatic VTE were 4.5% (2.8–6.9), 0.5% (0.1–1.6) and 0.5% (0.05–1.62), respectively; no fatal bleeding, bleeding into a critical organ, pulmonary embolism or proximal deep-vein thrombosis occurred. Corresponding rates at one month were 5.2%, 0.7% and 0.7%. One-month mortality was 2.3% (0.9–3.6). This large clinical prospective study provides for the first time, under conditions reflecting “real-world” routine clinical practice, data on the bleeding and VTE risks of thromboprophylaxis with fondaparinux 1.5 mg after major orthopaedic surgery in renally impaired patients. It shows that these patients constitute a very elderly and fragile population.ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00555438
Starting Before the Beginning: Precreation Discourse in Colossians
Authors: Jeal Roy R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis essay identifies and examines the function of the language in the Letter to the Colossians that Sociorhetorical Interpretation calls “precreation rhetorolect.” This rhetorolect is a mode of discourse that indicates, counterintuitively, realities behind and prior to what is present. Consequently, it starts before the beginning by describing the protological existence and activity of God and his son. In Colossians this rhetorolect occurs in 1:15–18a, 1:19 and 2:9. Precreation language in these passages describes the protological intelligence and activity that leads to what is right and real in the present. It is employed to persuade audiences to maintain their focus on Christ, the correct person. No other supposed divine or eminent powers, whether cosmic or human, have the precreational existence, the preeminent position, or the divine power to do what the son/Christ does in rescuing, reconciling, and providing a foundation for people. The rhetorolect draws on aspects of its intertextural environment of ideas to convey meaning that shapes its audiences. The rhetorical power of the discourse is found not only in what the texts say, but in how they say it and in what they do to their audiences. This study of the precreation language in Colossians describes how the discourse is employed to make a case, an argument. The precreation language aims at a wisdom conclusion, that is, at correct, mature belief and behaviour.