bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrosprayed Synthesis of Red‐Blood‐Cell‐Like Particles with Dual Modality for Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Ono Kenji , Suzuki Hiromi , Sawada Makoto , Moriya Makoto , Sakamoto Wataru , Yogo Toshinobu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) are able to avoid filtration in the spleen to prolong their half‐time in the body because of their flexibility and unique shape, or a concave disk with diameter of some 10 μm. In addition, they can flow through capillary blood vessels, which are smaller than the diameter of RBCs, by morphing into a parachute‐like shape. In this study, flexible RBC‐like polymer particles are synthesized by electrospraying based on electrospinning. Furthermore, magnetite nanoparticles and fluorescent dye are encapsulated in the particles via in situ hydrolysis of an iron–organic compound in the presence of celluloses. The superparamagnetic behavior of the particles is confirmed by low‐temperature magnetic measurements. The particles exhibited not only a dark contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but also effective fluorescence. The RBC‐like particles with flexibility are demonstrated to have a dual‐modality for MRI and fluorescence imaging.
Rheological behaviors of hydroxypropylated sweet potato starches influenced by guar, locust bean, and xanthan gums
Authors: Kim Do‐Dan , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study examined the steady flow and dynamic rheological behaviors of hydroxypropylated sweet potato starch (HPSPS) pastes mixed with guar gum (GG), locust bean gum (LBG), and xanthan gum (XG) at different concentrations (0, 0.3, and 0.6%). The HPSPS–gum mixtures had higher shear‐thinning fluid characteristics than the control (0% gum) at 25°C. The addition of the gums resulted in an increase in the consistency index (K) and apparent viscosity (ηa,100). The dynamic moduli (G′, G″) and complex viscosity (η*) values of the HPSPS–gum mixtures were higher than those of the control, and they increased with an increase in gum concentration. In particular, the presence of XG at 0.6% in the HPSPS–gum mixture systems gave rise to the greatest viscoelastic properties among the gums examined at different concentrations. The tan δ (ratio of G″/G′) values (0.35–0.57) of the HPSPS–GG and HPSPS–XG mixtures were much lower than those of the control (0.82) and HPSPS–LBG (0.88–1.06), indicating that the elastic properties in the HPSPS–gum mixture systems were strongly affected by the additions of GG and XG. These steady flow and dynamic rheological parameters indicated there were synergistic interactions between the HPSPS and gums. The synergistic effects of the gums and modified starch were hypothesized by considering the molecular incompatibility and molecular interactions between the gums and HPSPS.
Intensive Versus Conventional Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Undergoing D2 Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cao Shou‐Gen , Ren Jian‐An , Shen Bo , Chen Dong , Zhou Yan‐Bing , Li Jie‐Shou 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was to compare the effect of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) to conventional insulin therapy (CIT) on postoperative outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer.MethodsWe randomly assigned gastric cancer patients with type 2 DM who underwent radical gastrectomy to receive IIT (maintenance of blood glucose at a level between 4.4 and 6.1 mmol/l) with insulin infusion or CIT (maintenance of blood glucose at a level between 10 and 11.1 mmol/l) during the postoperative period.ResultsOf the 179 eligible patients, 92 patients were assigned to receive IIT and 87 patients to receive CIT. Mean blood glucose concentrations were lower in the intensive group (IG) than in the conventional group (CG) (5.5 ± 0.8 vs. 9.9 ± 1.0 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Hypoglycemia occurred in 6 patients (6.5%) in the IG (P = 0.029) versus in 1 patient (1.1%) in the CG. Hospital mortality did not differ significantly between two groups (4.3% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.742). However, IIT significantly reduced morbidity (from 18.4 to 7.6%, P = 0.031). Also, IIT shortened the days to suture removal, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative duration of antibiotic use. The HOMA‐IR score was lower at all time points in IG. Moreover, IIT increased the postoperative HLA‐DR expression on monocytes on postoperative days 3 and 5.ConclusionsIIT significantly reduced short‐term morbidity but not mortality among type 2 DM patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Furthermore, a possible mechanism of suppression of the insulin resistance and improvement of HLA‐DR expression may partially explain the benefits of IIT.
Synthesis and Self‐Aggregation of a Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Surfactant in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Xue‐feng , Dong Li‐li , Fang Yun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the synthesis and self‐aggregation of a hydroxyl‐functionalized imidazolium‐based ionic liquid (IL) surfactant, namely 1‐hydroxyethyl‐3‐dodecylimidazolium chloride ([C2OHC12im]Cl). The molecular structure was confirmed by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and elemental analysis. Many important physicochemical parameters, such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface tension at CMC (γCMC), the adsorption efficiency (pC20), the surface pressure at CMC (ΠCMC), the maximum surface excess (Γm), the minimum molecular cross‐sectional area (Amin), the value of CMC/C20, the average number of aggregation (Nm) and the micellar microenvironment polarity were determined by surface tension‐concentration curves, fluorescence spectra, and electrical conductivity. The phenomena of the second CMC, the concentration dependence of Nm, and the critical average aggregation number (Nm,c) of imidazolium‐based IL surfactants are reported for the first time in this paper.
GC/EI‐MS Determination of the Diastereomer Distribution of Phytanic Acid in Food Samples
Authors: Schröder Markus , Vetter Walter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhytanic acid (3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a branched‐chain fatty acid, produced by bacteria by means of oxidation and biohydrogenation of the chlorophyll side chain phytol (3,7R,11R,15‐tetramethylhexadec‐2‐en‐1‐ol). The later reaction generates to a new stereogenic center on C‐3 which can be both 3R‐ or 3S‐configured. Thus, two diastereomers (3S,7R,11R,15‐ and 3R,7R,11R,15‐phytanic acid) are naturally produced. In this study we examined the diastereomer composition of phytanic acid in terrestrial and marine food samples. Phytanic acid was transferred into its methyl ester which was analyzed by GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The first eluted diastereomer in the samples was tentatively identified as 3S,7R,11R,15‐phytanic acid. The marine samples were clearly dominated by 3S,7R,11R,15‐phytanic acid whose abundance was higher in marine mammals than in fish. Milk from one organic cow collected over a period of 30 days showed lower proportions of 3S,7R,11R,15‐phytanic acid than milk from one cow raised with conventional feed. The difference between organic and conventional dairy products (cheese and butter) was not as pronounced as in milk. Milk samples from other mammals (goat, sheep, mare, camel, moose, and human) also showed an excess of 3S,7R,11R,15‐phytanic acid except for camel and moose milk.
Ein integratives Planungsinstrument für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement
Authors: Evers Mariele , Krause Kai-Uwe 
Published: September 2010

Aspects of water and flood management are often too little or too late included into the spatial planning process. At the same time aspects of geodata infrastructure and flood related data and information has to be considered as a crucial interface in a concept for integrated planning. Against this background a planning instrument on the scale of a river basin was developed—the catchment related development plan (gGEP). The concept includes also the interfacial requirements to technical and computer based tools like Planning or Decision Support Systems. The overarching aim of this planning instrument is to integrate flood relevant issues in order to minimize the flood risk or not to increase it further respectively. The catchment related development plan can be considered as an important pre-stage for setting up flood risk management plans according to Art. 7 of the EU Flood Risk Management Directive. The very urban area of the City of Hamburg and rural parts of Lower Saxony in Germany serve as case study areas for the concept.
Socially isolated rats exhibit changes in dopamine homeostasis pertinent to schizophrenia
Authors: Fabricius Katrine , Steiniger‐Brach Björn , Helboe Lone , Fink‐Jensen Anders , Wörtwein Gitta 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPost‐weaning social isolation of rats produces an array of behavioral and neurochemical changes indicative of altered dopamine function. It has therefore been suggested that post‐weaning social isolation mimics some aspects of schizophrenia. Here we replicate and extent these findings to include an investigation of prefrontal cortical dopamine dynamics using in vivo microdialysis.Social isolation for 12 weeks after weaning caused increased locomotor activity in response to novelty and amphetamine challenge. In vivo microdialysis experiments revealed that while social isolation did not change basal dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, it did cause a significant reduction of basal dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, social isolation lead to a significantly larger dopamine response to an amphetamine challenge, in both the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex compared to group housed controls. Taken together, these results indicate that post‐weaning social isolation alters dopaminergic function with changes resembling subcortical hyperdopaminergia and prefrontal hypodopaminergia similar to what has been observed in schizophrenic patients.
A CONDITION IN FINITE SOLVABLE GROUPS RELATED TO CYCLIC SUBGROUPS
Authors: IMPERATORE D. , LEWIS MARK L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we classify the finite groups belonging to the class of cyclic-transitive groups. A group G is said to be cyclic-transitive if the following condition holds: if x, y, z are nonidentity elements of G such that 〈x,y〉 and 〈y,z〉 are both cyclic, then 〈x,z〉 is also cyclic.
Effect of milk protein addition to a carbohydrate–electrolyte rehydration solution ingested after exercise in the heat
Authors: James Lewis J. , Clayton David , Evans Gethin H. 
Published: September 2010

The present study examined the effects of milk protein on rehydration after exercise in the heat, via the comparison of energy- and electrolyte content-matched carbohydrate and carbohydrate–milk protein solutions. Eight male subjects lost 1·9 (sd 0·2) % of their body mass by intermittent exercise in the heat and rehydrated with 150 % of their body mass loss with either a 65 g/l carbohydrate solution (trial C) or a 40 g/l carbohydrate, 25 g/l milk protein solution (trial CP). Urine samples were collected before and after exercise and for 4 h after rehydration. Total cumulative urine output after rehydration was greater for trial C (1212 (sd 310) ml) than for trial CP (931 (sd 254) ml) (P < 0·05), and total fluid retention over the study was greater after ingestion of drink CP (55 (sd 12) %) than that after ingestion of drink C (43 (sd 15) %) (P < 0·05). At the end of the study period, whole body net fluid balance (P < 0·05) was less negative for trial CP ( − 0·26 (sd 0·27) litres) than for trial C ( − 0·52 (sd 0·30) litres), and although net negative for both the trials, it was only significantly negative after ingestion of drink C (P < 0·05). The results of the present study suggest that when matched for energy density and fat content, as well as for Na and K concentration, and when ingested after exercise-induced dehydration, a carbohydrate–milk protein solution is better retained than a carbohydrate solution. These results suggest that gram-for-gram, milk protein is more effective at augmenting fluid retention than carbohydrate.
Diet and risk of endometriosis in a population-based case–control study
Authors: Trabert Britton , Peters Ulrike , De Roos Anneclaire J. , Scholes Delia , Holt Victoria L. 
Published: September 2010

Diet plausibly has a role in the aetiology of endometriosis through effects on steroid hormone levels; however, few published studies have examined the diet and endometriosis risk. We evaluated dietary risk factors for endometriosis in a population-based case–control study. Cases were 284 Group Health (GH) enrollees aged 18–49 years with newly diagnosed, surgically confirmed endometriosis between 1996 and 2001. Controls were 660 randomly selected age-matched female GH enrollees without a history of endometriosis. Nutrients and selected food groups were assessed using the Women's Health Initiative FFQ. OR of endometriosis risk associated with dietary exposures were estimated using unconditional logistic regression and adjusted for identified covariates. Increased total fat consumption was associated with decreased endometriosis risk (fourth quartilev.lowest: OR 0·5, 95 % CI 0·2, 1·0,P-trend = 0·12). Increased β-carotene consumption and servings/d of fruit were associated with increased risk (β-carotene third quartilev.lowest: OR 1·7, 95 % CI 1·1, 2·6; fourth quartilev.lowest: OR 1·6, 95 % CI 1·0, 2·5,P-trend 0·16; fruit >2 servings/dv.< 1: OR 1·5, 95 % CI 1·0, 2·3,P-trend = 0·04). We also found a suggestion of decreased endometriosis risk associated with the consumption of dairy products (2 servings/dv.≤ 1: OR 0·6, >2 servings/dv.≤ 1: OR 0·7), but this association was not statistically significant for the highest tertile. The present study suggests that specific dietary components may be associated with endometriosis risk.
Weight status and iron deficiency among urban Malian women of reproductive age
Authors: Fanou-Fogny Nadia , J. Saronga Naomi , Koreissi Yara , A. M. Dossa Romain , Melse-Boonstra Alida , D. Brouwer Inge 
Published: September 2010

The present study investigated the association between weight status and Fe deficiency (ID) among urban Malian women of reproductive age. Height, weight, serum ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured in sixty apparently healthy women aged 15–49 years old in Bamako, Mali. Prevalences of overweight and obese were 19 and 9 %, respectively. SF was non-significantly different between overweight (84 μg/l) and normal-weight women (52 μg/l). The prevalence of ID (SF < 12 μg/l) was 9 % in the overweight group and no true ID (sTfR>8·3 mg/l) cases were recorded in the overweight and obese groups. The prevalence OR of ID (SF < 12 μg/l) in the overweight group was NS (OR = 0·3; P = 0·363). Conversely, the chronic energy deficiency group was at a significantly higher risk of ID than the normal-weight group, adjusting or not for CRP (OR = 7·7; 95 % CI 1·49, 39·96; P = 0·015). The lack of association between overweight and ID in the present study could be due to the fact that the excess of body fat of the women might not be critical to induce chronic inflammation related to reduced Fe absorption. Future research based on a larger convenience sample should be designed to further investigate associations between overweight, obesity and ID in developing countries.
Effets de sphères. L'histoire des architectures politiques chez Peter Sloterdijk
Authors: Couture Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2010

Résumé. Cet article prend pour matériau le dernier cycle de l'œuvre de Peter Sloterdijk, lequel s'est attelé au développement d'une analyse phénoménologique de la spatialité humaine. L'optique de notre contribution consiste à faire état de cette théorisation spatiale à l'égard des constructions politiques. Cette entreprise se présente comme une vaste histoire des traces cosmologiques et architecturales des lieux de production de l'humanité et elle vise une réappropriation de la réflexion anthropologique sur le topos de l'humanité qui a été longtemps subsumé par la métaphysique de l'au-delà et qui est aujourd'hui désagrégé par les processus de mobilisation totale du capital.Abstract. This paper proposes an account of the recent works of Peter Sloterdijk, an author that has developed a phenomenological analysis of human spaces. The aim of my contribution is to put this spatial theorization in relation with political constructions. Sloterdijk's enterprise presents itself as a long history of the cosmological and architectural elements that shape the very spaces of human-production. It is also described as a new path for the understanding of the human topos that has been for too long subsumed by metaphysics of the ‘beyond’ and liquefied nowadays by contemporary mobilization processes of the capital.
Comprendre la mise en œuvre différenciée d'une politique publique : Le cas d'une politique de gouvernance au Québec
Authors: Garon Francis , Dufour Pascale 
Published: September 2010

Résumé.En 2001, le gouvernement québécois adopte laPolitique de reconnaissance et de soutien à l'action communautaire. La mise en œuvre de cette politique a mené à des résultats contrastés en fonction des champs d'intervention considérés. Dans cet article, nous soutenons que la mise en œuvre différenciée de la Politique est directement liée à la structuration des acteurs sociaux dans chaque champ d'intervention. Par l'analyse de deux champs, le champ de l'environnement et celui de la défense collective des droits, nous montrons comment, au-delà des explications usuelles des processus de mise en œuvre des politiques publiques qui font intervenir le rôle des acteurs politiques et des réseaux, c'est la prise en compte de l'action autonome des acteurs sociaux qui permet de comprendre la différenciation des trajectoires de mise en œuvre.Abstract.In 2001, the Québec government adopted itsPolitique de reconnaissance et de soutien à l'action communautaire. The implementation of this policy has led to contrasting results depending on the fields of intervention considered. We argue that the different implementation pathways of this policy are directly linked to the structuring of social actors in each field. Using two fields of intervention – the environment and advocacy – as case studies, we show the need to go beyond the usual explanations regarding the implementation of public policies which stress the importance of political actors and policy networks. Without neglecting the role of the latter, the different pathways in the implementation processes of this policy are also largely due to the autonomous action of social actors.
Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics
Authors: Cochrane Christopher 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.This article examines the influence of ideology in Canadian politics. The core theory is that political opinions are bound together into ideological clusters by underlying influences that affect simultaneously the opinions of individuals about more than one issue. The central hypothesis is that ideological disagreement between the left and the right is asymmetrical, that is, that leftists and rightists bundle in different ways their opinions about issues. The analysis draws on evidence from Benoit and Laver's survey of experts (2006) about the policy positions of political parties, the Comparative Manifesto Research Project (Budge et al., 2001; Klingemann et al., 2006), and Cross and Young's survey of Canadian political party members (2002). The results of the analysis indicate, first, that Canada's left/right ideological divide is wide by cross-national standards, and, second, that leftists and rightists organize their opinions about the world in different ways.Résumé.Cet article examine l'influence des idéologies dans l'environnement politique canadien. La théorie centrale stipule que les opinions politiques sur diverses questions sont structurées en groupes idéologiques consolidés par des influences sous-jacentes qui affectent simultanément les opinions des individus. L'hypothèse principale découlant de cette théorie est que la structure du désaccord idéologique entre la gauche et la droite est asymétrique; plus précisément, que les individus situés à la gauche et à la droite du spectre politique canadien organisent de manière différente leurs opinions politiques. L'analyse s'appuie tout d'abord sur les données d'un sondage auprès d'experts politiques réalisé par Benoit et Laver (2006) et portant sur les positions politiques des partis. Elle utilise également les données duComparative Manifesto Research Project(Budge et al. 2001; Klingemann et al., 2006) et celles d'un sondage d'opinion de Cross et Young (2002) effectué auprès des membres de partis politiques canadiens. Les résultats de cette étude démontrent, en premier lieu, qu'il existe un clivage important entre la droite et la gauche au Canada même lorsqu'il est observé dans une perspective comparative, et en second lieu, que les individus se situant à la gauche et à la droite du spectre politique ont tendance à organiser de manière différente leurs opinions sur le monde.
Exploring the Links between Party and Appointment: Canadian Federal Judicial Appointments from 1989 to 2003
Authors: Hausegger Lori , Riddell Troy , Hennigar Matthew , Richez Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2010

Abstract. Studies of federal judicial appointments made before 1988 discovered significant partisan ties between judicial appointees and the governments appointing them. In 1988, in response to criticism of these “patronage appointments,” the Mulroney government introduced screening committees to the process. This article explores the impact of these committees. Using information gained from surveys of legal elites, we trace the minor and major political connections of federal judicial appointees from 1989 to 2003 in order to determine whether patronage has continued despite the reform to the process. We discover that political connections continued to play an important role in who was selected for a judicial appointment. However, these connections were not quite as common as those found before 1988, and the new process does appear to have prevented the politically motivated appointment of completely unqualified candidates. Interestingly, our findings also suggest that the impact of patronage varies by region and interacts with other, newer influences, in particular, concerns for group representation on the bench. The paper concludes by briefly discussing these results in the context of the relationship between judicial selection and politics with a comparative perspective.Résumé. Les études sur les nominations judiciaires fédérales réalisées avant 1988 ont découvert des liens partisans étroits entre les juges nommés à la cour et les gouvernements les nommant. En 1988, en réponse aux critiques sur le favoritisme entourant les nominations, le gouvernement Mulroney a introduit des comités d'évaluation dans le processus. Cet article explore l'impact de ces comités. En utilisant de l'information recueillie lors de sondages menés auprès de la communauté légale, nous retraçons les connexions politiques mineures et majeures des attributaires judiciaires fédéraux de 1989 à 2003 en vue de déterminer si le favoritisme a persisté malgré la réforme du système. Nous découvrons que les connexions politiques continuent à jouer un rôle important dans la sélection des juges. Toutefois, ces connexions ne sont pas aussi importantes que celles qu'on a identifiées avant 1988 et le nouveau processus semble avoir réussi à prévenir les nominations partisanes de candidats entièrement non qualifiés. Les résultats de notre recherche suggèrent également que l'effet du favoritisme varie par région et dépend aussi d'autres facteurs plus nouveaux, en particulier le souci de représentation de certains groupes au sein de la magistrature. L'article conclut en discutant brièvement ces résultats dans le contexte de la relation entre la sélection judiciaire et la politique dans une perspective comparative.