bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of THz holograms for homogenous illumination
Authors: Surma Mateusz , Kaluza Mateusz , Komorowski Paweł , Siemion Agnieszka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the feasibility of applying the hologram segmentation method for homogeneous illumination. Research focuses on improving the uniformity of the illumination obtained from diffractive optical elements in the THz range. The structures are designed with a modified Ping-Pong algorithm and a neural network-based solution. This method allows for the improvement of uniform illumination distribution with the desired shape. Additionally, the phase modulations of the structures are divided into segments, each responsible for imaging at different distances. Various segment combination methods are investigated, differing in shapes, image plane distances, and illumination types. The obtained image intensity maps allow for the identification of the performance of each combination method. Each of the presented structures shows significant improvements in the uniformity of imaged targets compared to the reference Ping-Pong structure. The presented structures were designed for a narrow band case—260 GHz frequency, which corresponds to 1.15 mm wavelength. The application of diffractive structures for homogenization of illumination shows promise. The created structures perform designed beamforming task with variability of intensity improved up to 23% (standard deviation) or 45% (interquartile range) compared with reference structure.
Effects of aircraft operating fluids and environmental thermal fatigue on fly ash and steel slag based cementitious composites
Authors: Tangirala Aniruddha , Rawat S. , Lahoti Mukund 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of concrete incorporating high-volume fly ash (HVFA) and steel slag aggregates against the detrimental effects of combined cycles of environmental thermal fatigue and exposure to leaked aircraft fluids. A total of 128 cubes and 90 prisms were cast for five mixes and exposed to 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 combined cycles. The results demonstrate the positive effect of utilization of HVFA which reduces the total amount of portlandite available in the system. The SS aggregates demonstrate a strong interlocking with the surrounding matrix and supply the necessary portlandite for continued pozzolanic reaction. However, their reaction with aircraft fluids causes significant degradation to flexural strength initially, which is redeemed by pozzolanic reaction at a later stage. Hybrid basalt and polypropylene fibres were successful in enhancing the flexural strength and reducing the cracking. The mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed a reduction in pore volume because of HVFA. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were also employed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of damage and assess the performance of the cementitious composite.
Surface modification of XSe (X = Cu and Ag) monolayers by grope 1 elements: A metal to semiconductor transition by a first-principles perspective
Authors: Bafekry A. , Faraji M. , Khan S. Hasan , Fadlallah M. M. , Jappor H. R. , Shokri B. , Ghergherehchi M. , Chang Gap Soo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials can be effectively functionalized by chemically modified using doping. Very recently, a flat AgSe monolayer was successfully prepared through direct selenization of the Ag(111) surface. Besides, the results indicate that the AgSe monolayer like CuSe, has a honeycomb lattice. Motivated by the experimental outcomes, in this work, employing first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the electronic and optical properties of AgSe and CuSe monolayers, as well as the impact of alkali metals (Li, Na and K). Without functionalization, both the CuSe and AgSe monolayers exhibit metallic characteristics. The Li (Na)-CuSe and Na (K)-AgSe systems are dynamically stable while, the K- and Li-CuSe and Li-AgSe are dynamically unstable. Interestingly, the functionalized CuSe system with Li and Na atom as well as AgSe with K and Na atom, can open the band gaps, leading to the actualization of metal to semiconductor transitions. Our results show that, the electronic characteristics of the Na-CuSe/AgSe system can be modulated by adjusting the adsorption heights, which gives rise to the change in the electronic properties and the band gap may be controlled. Furthermore, from the optical properties we can find that the K-AgSe system is the best candidate monolayer to absorb infrared radiation and visible light. Consequently, our findings shed light on the functionalization of 2D materials based CuSe and AgSe monolayers and can potentially enhance and motivate studies in producing these monolayers for current nanodevices and future applications.
A molecular subtyping associated with the cGAS-STING pathway provides novel perspectives on the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wang Chen , Gao Xin , Li Yanchen , Li Chenyang , Ma Zhimin , Sun Donglei , Liang Xiaonan , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by an abnormal immune response, and the pathogenesis lacks clear understanding. The cGAS-STING pathway is an innate immune signaling pathway that plays a significant role in various pathophysiological processes. However, the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in UC remains largely unclear. In this study, we obtained transcriptome sequencing data from multiple publicly available databases. cGAS-STING related genes were obtained through literature search, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using R package limma. Hub genes were identified through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and module construction. The ConsensuClusterPlus package was utilized to identify molecular subtypes based on hub genes. The therapeutic response, immune microenvironment, and biological pathways of subtypes were further investigated. A total of 18 DEGs were found in UC patients. We further identified IFI16, MB21D1 (CGAS), TMEM173 (STING) and TBK1 as the hub genes. These genes are highly expressed in UC. IFI16 exhibited the highest diagnostic value and predictive value for response to anti-TNF therapy. The expression level of IFI16 was higher in non-responders to anti-TNF therapy. Furthermore, a cluster analysis based on genes related to the cGAS-STING pathway revealed that patients with higher gene expression exhibited elevated immune burden and inflammation levels. This study is a pioneering analysis of cGAS-STING pathway-related genes in UC. These findings provide new insights for the diagnosis of UC and the prediction of therapeutic response.
MNT inhibits lung adenocarcinoma ferroptosis and chemosensitivity by suppressing SAT1
Authors: Zhao Guangyin , Liang Jiaqi , Zhang Yuchen , Shan Guangyao , Bian Yunyi , Gu Jie , Zhan Cheng , Ge Di 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerroptosis, a type of iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, plays a vital role in both tumor proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. Here, our study demonstrates that MAX’s Next Tango (MNT), by involving itself in the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1)-related ferroptosis pathway, promotes the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and diminishes their sensitivity to chemotherapy. Initially, an RNA-sequence screen of LUAD cells treated with ferroptosis inducers (FINs) reveals a significant increase in MNT expression, suggesting a potential link between MNT and ferroptosis. Overexpression of MNT in LUAD cells hinders changes associated with ferroptosis. Moreover, the upregulation of MNT promotes cell proliferation and suppresses chemotherapy sensitivity, while the knockdown of MNT has the opposite effect. Through the intersection of ChIP-Seq and ferroptosis-associated gene sets, and validation by qPCR and western blot, SAT1 is identified as a potential target of MNT. Subsequently, we demonstrate that MNT binds to the promoter sequence of SAT1 and suppresses its transcription by ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase assays. Restoration of SAT1 levels antagonizes the efficacy of MNT to inhibit ferroptosis and chemosensitivity and promote cell growth in vitro as well as in vivo. In the clinical context, MNT expression is elevated in LUAD and is inversely connected with SAT1 expression. High MNT expression is also associated with poor patient survival. Our research reveals that MNT inhibits ferroptosis, and impairing chemotherapy effectiveness of LUAD.
Decommissioned open-pit mines are potential geothermal sources of heating or cooling for nearby population centres
Authors: Carcamo-Medel Mauricio , Fuentes Raul , Narsilio Guillermo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the shift to cleaner technologies, coal thermal power plants and mines will be decommissioned earlier than planned. These open-pit coal mines show potential as a geothermal source/sink for space heating and cooling, yet this post-closure use option remains unexplored. Here, we assess the techno-economic feasibility of providing heating and cooling using a decommissioned mine pit as a source or sink of heat for nearby population centres. Mixed integer quadratically constrained programming is employed for operational optimisation. The results show that thermal provisioning, considering centralised and decentralised arrangements, is economically competitive under specific scenarios regarding commodities prices, thermal demands and pit source temperature. Notably, a higher pit temperature reduces the overall thermal provisioning costs for residential thermal demands. Improvements in the economics due to transmission pipeline insulation are limited. While an expected decline in the system lifecycle costs occurs for decreasing electricity prices, the results highlight that the relative economic competitiveness of the thermal systems is tied to the individual alternatives’ performance at the same commodities prices. Overall, this paper identifies general conditions for techno-economic competitiveness for the implementation of shallow geothermal systems in the context of mine closure.
Assessing rates and predictors of cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms across observational, experimental and medical research
Authors: Schoeler Tabea , Baldwin Jessie R. , Martin Ellen , Barkhuizen Wikus , Pingault Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCannabis, one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide, can give rise to acute cannabis-associated psychotic symptoms (CAPS). While distinct study designs have been used to examine CAPS, an overarching synthesis of the existing findings has not yet been carried forward. To that end, we quantitatively pooled the evidence on rates and predictors of CAPS (k = 162 studies, n = 210,283 cannabis-exposed individuals) as studied in (1) observational research, (2) experimental tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) studies, and (3) medicinal cannabis research. We found that rates of CAPS varied substantially across the study designs, given the high rates reported by observational and experimental research (19% and 21%, respectively) but not medicinal cannabis studies (2%). CAPS was predicted by THC administration (for example, single dose, Cohen’s d = 0.7), mental health liabilities (for example, bipolar disorder, d = 0.8), dopamine activity (d = 0.4), younger age (d = −0.2), and female gender (d = −0.09). Neither candidate genes (for example, COMT, AKT1) nor other demographic variables (for example, education) predicted CAPS in meta-analytical models. The results reinforce the need to more closely monitor adverse cannabis-related outcomes in vulnerable individuals as these individuals may benefit most from harm-reduction efforts.
Emerging paradigms in microwave imaging technology for biomedical applications: unleashing the power of artificial intelligence
Authors: Khalid Nazish , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, microwave imaging (MWI) has emerged as a non-ionizing and cost-effective modality in healthcare, specifically within medical imaging. Concurrently, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly augmented the capabilities of medical imaging tools. This paper explores the intersection of these two domains, focusing on the integration of AI algorithms into MWI techniques to elevate accuracy and overall performance. Within the scope of existing literature, representative prior works are compared concerning the application of AI in both the “MWI for Healthcare Applications" and “Artificial Intelligence Assistance In MWI" sections. This comparative analysis sheds light on the diverse approaches employed to enhance the synergy between AI and MWI. While highlighting the state-of-the-art technology in MWI and its historical context, this paper delves into the historical taxonomy of AI-assisted MWI, elucidating the evolution of intelligent systems within this domain. Moreover, it critically examines prominent works, providing a nuanced understanding of the advancements and challenges encountered. Addressing the limitations and challenges inherent in developing AI-assisted MWI systems like Generalization to different conditions, Generalization to different conditions, etc the paper offers a brief synopsis of these obstacles, emphasizing the importance of overcoming them for robust and reliable results in actual clinical environments. Finally, the paper not only underscores the current advancements but also anticipates future innovations and developments in utilizing AI for MWI applications in healthcare.
Non-Hermitian Casimir effect of magnons
Authors: Nakata Kouki , Suzuki Kei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in non-Hermitian quantum mechanics. The key concepts of quantum mechanics are quantum fluctuations. Quantum fluctuations of quantum fields confined in a finite-size system induce the zero-point energy shift. This quantum phenomenon, the Casimir effect, is one of the most striking phenomena of quantum mechanics in the sense that there are no classical analogs and has been attracting much attention beyond the hierarchy of energy scales, ranging from elementary particle physics to condensed matter physics, together with photonics. However, the non-Hermitian extension of the Casimir effect and the application to spintronics have not yet been investigated enough, although exploring energy sources and developing energy-efficient nanodevices are its central issues. Here we fill this gap. By developing a magnonic analog of the Casimir effect into non-Hermitian systems, we show that this non-Hermitian Casimir effect of magnons is enhanced as the Gilbert damping constant (i.e., the energy dissipation rate) increases. When the damping constant exceeds a critical value, the non-Hermitian Casimir effect of magnons exhibits an oscillating behavior, including a beating one, as a function of the film thickness and is characterized by the exceptional point. Our result suggests that energy dissipation serves as a key ingredient of Casimir engineering.
High-temperature Néel skyrmions in Fe3GaTe2 stabilized by Fe intercalation into the van der Waals gap
Authors: Saha Rana , Meyerheim Holger L. , Göbel Börge , Mertig Ingrid , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets that exhibit ferromagnetism at ambient temperature show great promise for spintronic applications. However, until now, only a few pristine or doped 2D magnets have demonstrated the ability to host non-collinear spin textures, thereby limiting their potential applications. Here we directly observe Néel-type skyrmions in the metallic vdW magnetic compound Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT) up to temperatures well above room temperature (≈340 K) in the absence of any external magnetic field. We show that the presence of defects in the structure of FGaT make its structure acentric and therefore compatible with hosting skyrmions that would otherwise not be possible. Indeed, in this regard it is very similar to the closely related compound Fe3GeTe2 (FGT), whose structure with the same space group P3m1 is also realized by defects. Interestingly, however, FGaT accommodates a significantly higher concentration of Fe within the vdW gaps, likely accounting for its enhanced Curie temperature (TC). In addition to the Néel skyrmions observed in the temperature range of 250–340 K, we also detect type-I and -II Bloch-type skyrmionic bubbles in the temperature range of 100–200 K due to an enhanced magnitude of dipole-dipole interactions relative to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction. Self-intercalation is thus a highly interesting property of vdW magnets that considerably modifies their fundamental properties.
Adaptive‐saturation‐based transient stability enhancement for grid‐following inverters
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Luo Cheng , Wei Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an adaptive saturation module to enhance the transient stability of grid‐following inverters after voltage‐dip inception and fault‐clearance moment. The equal‐area criterion reveals that a large acceleration area will be obtained due to the step change of current reference according to grid codes, which may lead to the loss of synchronism with the grid. It is found that the saturation module used with the phase‐locked loop can enhance the transient stability performance by reducing the acceleration area. To simultaneously adapt to the two cases (the inception and clearance of the voltage‐dip fault), an adaptive saturation module that can automatically adjust the clamping mode is proposed, which is the main contribution of the paper. The selection of the threshold value for the saturation module is also presented. A comprehensive comparison is made between the proposed solution and state‐of‐art solutions. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is confirmed by the experimental tests.
An improved regression‐based perturb and observation global maximum power point tracker methods
Authors: Gundogdu Hasan , Demirci Alpaslan , Tercan Said Mirza , Durusu Ali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolar photovoltaic energy is a vital renewable resource because it is clean, endless, and pollution‐free. Due to the fast growth of the semiconductor and power electronics sectors, photovoltaic (PV) technologies are climbing significant attention in modern electrical power applications. Operating PV energy conversion systems at the maximum power point is essential for getting the maximum power output and raising efficiency. This paper proposes a regression‐based Perturb and Observe method to quickly find a global maximum power point, avoiding being stuck in local maxima, likewise analytical and metaheuristic methods. The improved control focuses on the narrowed search areas by linear and non‐linear regression analyses using the generated PV model on a flexible Python environment. Furthermore, the method's accuracy is validated in real time under variable temperatures, irradiations, and loads. This method was proven with a hardware implementation. The proposed method is more than 98% accurate and can withstand long‐term modelling. The suggested regression‐based perturbation and observation method provided a short learning time and easy implementation. Additionally, the dynamic recorded results can be visualized for researchers to utilize efficiently.
Solar wind data analysis aided by synthetic modeling: A better understanding of plasma frame variations from temporal data
Authors: Magyar N. , Verniero J. , Szabo A. , Zhang J. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: June 2024

Context. In situ measurements of the solar wind, a turbulent and anisotropic plasma flow originating at the Sun, are mostly carried out by single spacecraft, resulting in one-dimensional time series.
Aims. The conversion of these measurements to the spatial frame of the plasma is a great challenge, but it is required for direct comparison of the measurements with magnetohydrodynamic turbulence theories.
Methods. We present a tool kit based on the synthetic modeling of solar wind fluctuations as two-dimensional noise maps with adjustable spectral and power anisotropy that can help with the temporal-spatial conversion of real data. Specifically, by following the spacecraft trajectory through a noise map (relative velocity and angle relative to some mean magnetic field) with properties tuned to mimic those of the solar wind, the likelihood that the temporal data fluctuations represent parallel or perpendicular fluctuations in the plasma frame can be quantified by correlating structure functions of the noise map. Synthetic temporal data can also be generated, which can provide a testing ground for analysis applied to the solar wind data.
Results. We demonstrate this tool by investigating Parker Solar Probe’s seventh encounter trajectory and data, and we showcase several possible ways in which it can be used. We find that whether temporal variations in the spacecraft frame come from parallel or perpendicular variations in the plasma frame strongly depends on the spectral and power anisotropy of the measured wind.
Conclusions. Data analysis assisted by such underlying synthetic models as presented here could open up new ways to interpret measurements in the future, specifically in the more reliable determination of plasma frame quantities from temporal measurements.
TEGLIE: Transformer encoders as strong gravitational lens finders in KiDS
Authors: Grespan M. , Thuruthipilly H. , Pollo A. , Lochner M. , Biesiada M. , Etsebeth V. 
Published: June 2024

Context.With the current and upcoming generation of surveys, such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) on theVera C. RubinObservatory and theEuclidmission, tens of billions of galaxies will be observed, with a significant portion (~105) exhibiting lensing features. To effectively detect these rare objects amidst the vast number of galaxies, automated techniques such as machine learning are indispensable.Aims.We applied a state-of-the-art transformer algorithm to the 221 deg2of the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) to search for new strong gravitational lenses (SGLs).Methods.We tested four transformer encoders trained on simulated data from the Strong Lens Finding Challenge on KiDS data. The best performing model was fine-tuned on real images of SGL candidates identified in previous searches. To expand the dataset for fine-tuning, data augmentation techniques were employed, including rotation, flipping, transposition, and white noise injection. The network fine-tuned with rotated, flipped, and transposed images exhibited the best performance and was used to hunt for SGLs in the overlapping region of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) and KiDS surveys on galaxies up toz= 0.8. Candidate SGLs were matched with those from other surveys and examined using GAMA data to identify blended spectra resulting from the signal from multiple objects in a GAMA fiber.Results.Fine-tuning the transformer encoder to the KiDS data reduced the number of false positives by 70%. Additionally, applying the fine-tuned model to a sample of ~5 000 000 galaxies resulted in a list of ~51 000 SGL candidates. Upon visual inspection, this list was narrowed down to 231 candidates. Combined with the SGL candidates identified in the model testing, our final sample comprises 264 candidates, including 71 high-confidence SGLs; of these 71, 44 are new discoveries.Conclusions.We propose fine-tuning via real augmented images as a viable approach to mitigating false positives when transitioning from simulated lenses to real surveys. While our model shows improvement, it still does not achieve the same accuracy as previously proposed models trained directly on galaxy images from KiDS with added simulated lensing arcs. This suggests that a larger fine-tuning set is necessary for a competitive performance. Additionally, we provide a list of 121 false positives that exhibit features similar to lensed objects, which can be used in the training of future machine learning models in this field.