bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Chemical Sewing Enabled All‐In‐One Control Interface for Robust Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Huang Wei , Yan Dongliang , Li Qingning , Lei Yusheng , Yi Shunmin , Zeng Yanfei , You Hui , Liu Qifan , Zhong Lu , Zhong Shengkui , Ma Dingtao , Zhang Peixin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping artificial protective layers is an effective strategy to address the issue of dendrites for aqueous Zn‐metal batteries (ZMBS). However, drawbacks such as rough microscopic morphology, excessive thickness, and single functionality remain, limiting the attainment of a stable zinc anode. Herein, a novel multifunctional organic–inorganic hybrid artificial protective layer is produced by splicing inorganic fragments onto organic materials in situ using a chemical sewing. The protective layer is well‐compatible and also retains the function of organic and inorganic materials, which not only inhibits dendrite production but also alleviates Zn corrosion. The Si─OH bond of the zincophilic group enables planar Zn deposition while forming hydrogen bonds with water, suppressing water activity near the anode and reducing the hydrogen evolution reaction. As expected, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with a protective layer provides high cycling stability of more than 1960 h at 1 mA cm−2, which is about 28 times higher than that of the symmetric cell assembled without the protective layer. More importantly, a Zn||V2O5 full cell with an ultra‐long lifetime has been achieved with an artificial protective layer. This work provides a potential viable path to achieve long‐lived ZMBS.
Inulin‐Lipid Core–Shell Microcapsules Target the Gut Microbiota and Mimic the Pharmaceutical Food Effect for Improved Oral Antipsychotic Delivery
Authors: Meola Tahlia R. , Elz Aurelia , Wignall Anthony , Paxton Kara , Hunter Alexander , Ariaee Amin , Kamath Srinivas , Reuter Stephanie E. , Prestidge Clive A. , Joyce Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe oral delivery of most atypical antipsychotics is severely challenged by their low oral bioavailability and significant food effects that necessitate patient compliance. Lipid formulations are an attractive delivery system for overcoming the dosing challenges of antipsychotics, but their negative impact on the gut microbiota can interfere with the pharmacodynamic response through disruption of the gut‐brain axis. Here, novel gut microbiota‐targeting microcapsules are engineered to provide a multifunctional approach for improving both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the antipsychotic, lurasidone. The microcapsules are comprised of a lipid core that facilitates the solubilization and oral absorption of the lipophilic drug and an outer carbohydrate polymer (inulin) shell that positively modulates the gut microbiota by facilitating microbial fermentation. Fed‐fasted variability in lurasidone solubilization is mitigated through microencapsulation with inulin‐lipid microcapsules (ILM), while microbiota enrichment is coupled with enhanced serotonin levels in the small intestine, faeces, and plasma. The realization of multifunctional ILM confirms the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of mental health therapies, such as antipsychotics, can be optimized through strategic encapsulation within functional formulations that target the gut microbiota for effective modulation of the gut‐brain axis.
Ambiphilic Reactivity of SF5‐Alkynes Applied to Regioselective and Stereodivergent Halogenation Reactions: An Experimental and Theoretical Case Study
Authors: Matchavariani David , Popek Lucas , Cabrera‐Trujillo Jorge Juan , Nguyen Thi Mo , Blanchard Nicolas , Miqueu Karinne , Cahard Dominique , Bizet Vincent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe explored the ambiphilic reactivity of SF5‐alkynes, and we proved they can act as both nucleophiles and electrophiles. We selected halogenation reactions as benchmark reactions and developed highly selective stereodivergent hydrohalogenation (I, Br, Cl, F) reactions of SF5‐alkynes. The stereochemistry is finely controlled thanks to the nature of the acids used (strong or soft) in the presence of halide source, while the high regioselectivity is governed by the strong polarization of SF5‐alkynes. Mechanistic studies supported by DFT calculations shed light on two different reaction mechanisms responsible of the excellent stereocontrol. This stereoselectivity was quantitatively rationalized with the ASM and EDA methods. A few dihalogenation reactions are reported and DFT calculations rationalize this cis‐stereoselectivity. Relative configuration of all the SF5‐haloalkenes was unambiguously determined by X‐ray diffraction. Noteworthy, several post‐functionalization reactions such as cross‐couplings, cyanation and reductions are described to strengthen the synthetic potential.
Thermodynamic Stability Prediction of Triple Transition‐Metal (Ti−Mo−V)3C2${\rm (Ti-Mo-V)}_3{\rm C}_2$ MXenes via Cluster Correlation‐Based Machine Learning
Authors: Atthapak Chayanon , Ektarawong Annop , Pakornchote Teerachote , Alling Björn , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe representation of atomic configurations through cluster correlations, along with the cluster expansion approach, has long been used to predict formation energies and determine the thermodynamic stability of alloys. In this work, a comparison is conducted between the traditional cluster expansion method based on density functional theory and other potential machine learning models, including decision tree‐based ensembles and multi‐layer perceptron regression, to explore the alloying behavior of different elements in multi‐component alloys. Specifically, these models are applied to investigate the thermodynamic stability of triple transition‐metal MXenes, a multi‐component alloy in the largest family of 2D materials that are gaining attention for several outstanding properties. The findings reveal the triple transition‐metal ground‐state configurations in this system and demonstrate how the configuration of transition metal atoms (Ti, Mo, and V atoms) influences the formation energy of this alloy. Moreover, the performance of machine learning algorithms in predicting formation energies and identifying ground‐state structures is thoroughly discussed from various aspects.
Evaluating the definition and distribution of spring ephemeral wildflowers in eastern North America
Authors: Yancy Abby J. , Lee Benjamin R. , Kuebbing Sara E. , Neufeld Howard S. , Spicer Michelle Elise , Heberling J. Mason 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremiseThe herbaceous layer accounts for the majority of plant biodiversity in eastern North American forests, encompassing substantial variation in life history strategy and function. One group of early‐season herbaceous understory species, colloquially referred to as spring ephemeral wildflowers, are ecologically and culturally important, but little is known about the prevalence and biogeographic patterns of the spring ephemeral strategy.MethodsWe used observations collected by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to quantify the ephemerality of 559 understory forb species across eastern North America and classify them according to a continuous ephemerality index (ranging from 0 = never ephemeral to 1 = always ephemeral). We then used this information to model where ephemeral forbs were most common across the landscape with the goal of identifying geographic and environmental drivers important to their distributions and ranges.ResultsOnly 3.4% of all understory wildflower species were spring ephemerals in all parts of their range, and 18.4% (103 species) were ephemeral in at least part of their range. Spring ephemerals peaked in absolute species richness and relative proportion at mid latitudes.ConclusionsSpring ephemeral phenology is an important shade‐avoidance strategy for a large segment of the total understory species in temperate deciduous forests. In North America, the strategy is relatively most important for forest understories at mid latitudes. The definitions of spring ephemerality we provide here serve as an important ecological context for conservation priorities and to evaluate responses of this biodiverse group to future environmental change.
Total Synthesis of Eutyscoparol A and Violaceoid C
Authors: Murata Takatsugu , Iwayama Takuto , Kuboki Teppei , Taguchi Shotaro , Tsugawa Shou , Yoshida Takumi , Tsutsui Hisazumi , Shimauchi Ayana , Kosaka Yukiho , Shiina Isamu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe total syntheses of eutyscoparol A and violaceoid C via violaceoid A, have been accomplished including the improved total syntheses of violaceoid A and violaceoid B. This synthetic method, which employed the desymmetrization of a symmetric diol, enabled divergent access to other violaceoids, eutyscoparols, and their derivatives.
Associations of Heavy Metals with Cognitive Function: An Epigenome‐Wide View of DNA Methylation and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Wei Yue , Zhou Yan‐Feng , Xiao Lili , Qin Jian , Cheng Hong , Cai Haiqing , Chen Xing , Zou Yunfeng , Yang Li , Zhang Haiying , Zhang Zhiyong , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveExposure to heavy metals has been reported to be associated with impaired cognitive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This pilot study aimed to identify key heavy metal elements associated with cognitive function and further explore the potential mediating role of metal‐related DNA methylation.MethodsBlood levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper, manganese, and zinc and genome‐wide DNA methylations were separately detected in peripheral blood in 155 older adults. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression were used to identify metals associated with cognitive function. An epigenome‐wide association study examined the DNA methylation profile of the identified metal, and mediation analysis investigated its mediating role.ResultsThe MMSE scores showed a significant decrease of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.64, −0.59) with each 1 standard deviation increase in ln‐transformed arsenic level; this association was significant in multiple‐metal models and dominated the overall negative effect of 6 heavy metal mixture on cognitive function. Seventy‐three differentially methylated positions were associated with blood arsenic (p < 1.0 × 10−5). The methylation levels at cg05226051 (annotated to TDRD3) and cg18886932 (annotated to GAL3ST3) mediated 24.8% and 25.5% of the association between blood arsenic and cognitive function, respectively (all p < 0.05).InterpretationBlood arsenic levels displayed a negative association with the cognitive function of older adults. This finding shows that arsenic‐related DNA methylation alterations are critical partial mediators that may serve as potential biomarkers for further mechanism‐related studies. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:87–98
Tunable Interfacial Electric Field‐Mediated Cobalt‐Doped FeSe/Fe3Se4 Heterostructure for High‐Efficiency Potassium Storage
Authors: Song Lili , Zhang Shilin , Duan Liping , Li Renke , Xu Yifan , Liao Jiaying , Sun Liang , Zhou Xiaosi , Guo Zaiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interfacial electric field (IEF) in the heterostructure can accelerate electron transport and ion migration, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). Nevertheless, the quantification and modulation of the IEF for high‐efficiency PIB anodes currently remains a blank slate. Herein, we achieve for the first time the quantification and tuning of IEF via amorphous carbon‐coated undifferentiated cobalt‐doped FeSe/Fe3Se4 heterostructure (denoted UN‐CoFe4Se5/C) for efficient potassium storage. Co doping can increase the IEF in FeSe/Fe3Se4, thereby improving the electron transport, promoting the potassium adsorption capacity, and lowering the diffusion barrier. As expected, the IEF magnitude in UN‐CoFe4Se5/C is experimentally quantified as 62.84 mV, which is 3.65 times larger than that of amorphous carbon‐coated FeSe/Fe3Se4 heterostructure (Fe4Se5/C). Benefiting from the strong IEF, UN‐CoFe4Se5/C as a PIB anode exhibits superior rate capability (145.8 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1) and long cycle lifespan (capacity retention of 95.1 % over 3000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). Furthermore, this undifferentiated doping strategy can universally regulate the IEF magnitude in CoSe2/Co9Se8 and FeS2/Fe7S8 heterostructures. This work can provide fundamental insights into the design of advanced PIB electrodes.
The Effect of Preoperative Education Regarding Intraoperative Care on a Patient's Level of Fear of Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Özkan Mervegul , Yıldızelı Topçu Sacide 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effect that preoperative education provided by the perioperative nurse about the OR environment and intraoperative care has on surgical fear in patients who come to the OR for surgical intervention. The study involved 92 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery who were randomly assigned to the intervention or routine care group. Preoperatively, patients in the intervention group received education via a form that described the OR environment, the surgical process, and intraoperative care. The patients' surgical fear levels were assessed in the patients’ rooms, in the clinic before education, and on arrival to the OR after education. The results showed that preoperative education about the OR environment and intraoperative processes significantly reduced patients’ surgical fears.
Clinical Issues — May 2024
Authors: Swartz Zach , Hanks Tammy 
Published: April 2024

THIS MONTH
Wearing shoe covers in the perioperative setting
Key words: shoe covers, shoes, contamination, transmission, bacteria.
Wearing eyelash extensions in the perioperative setting
Key words: eyelash extensions, sterile field, bonding agent, eye infection, cosmetic products.
Promoting health in the workplace
Key words: health‐promotion program, injury‐prevention program, musculoskeletal, mindfulness, stretching.
Releasing amputated limbs
Key words: amputated limb release, specimen management, burial, cultural, religious.
Phenothiazine Embedded Dithiasmaragdyrins
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Dutta Supriti , Yadav Bharti , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo different types of novel phenothiazine‐embedded dithiasmaragdyrins containing one phenothiazine ring, two thiophene rings and two pyrrole rings connected via three meso carbons and two direct bonds in the macrocyclic framework were synthesized over the sequence of synthetic steps starting with phenothiazine. Three examples of phenothiazine‐embedded dithiasmaragdyrins were synthesized by condensing appropriate phenothiazine‐based pentapyrrane with pentafluorobenzaldehyde and two examples of phenothiazine sulfone embedded dithiasmaragdyrins were synthesized by condensing phenothiazine‐based diol with appropriate meso‐aryl dipyrromethane under mild acid‐catalysed conditions. 1D&2D NMR studies revealed that the thiophene rings adopted inverted orientation in phenothiazine sulfone embedded dithiasmaragdyrins whereas in phenothiazine‐embedded dithiasmaragdyrins, the thiophene rings were in normal orientation. Both types of macrocycles exhibit nonaromatic absorption features and showed panchochromic absorption features in its neutral and protonated forms. The electrochemical studies indicated that the phenothiazine‐embedded dithiasmaragdyrins were more electron‐rich compared to phenothiazine sulfone embedded dithiasmaragdyrins. DFT studies revealed that both types of dithiasmaragdyrins exhibit significantly distorted structures and TD‐DFT studies support the experimental observations.
Measuring and validating autistic burnout
Authors: Mantzalas Jane , Richdale Amanda L. , Li Xia , Dissanayake Cheryl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearchers have begun to explore the characteristics and risk factors for autistic burnout, but assessment tools are lacking. Our study comprehensively examined and compared the psychometric properties of the unpublished 27‐item AASPIRE Autistic Burnout Measure (ABM), and personal and work scales of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) to evaluate their efficacy as screening measures for autistic burnout, with a group of 238 autistic adults. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed a 4‐factor structure for the ABM and a 2‐factor structure for the CBI personal scale (CBI‐P). Factorial validity and dimensionality were examined with four exploratory models which indicated a unidimensional structure for the ABM with an overarching ‘Autistic Burnout’ construct, and multidimensional CBI‐P structure comprising two subscales and overarching ‘Personal Burnout’ construct. Other reliability and validity indicators included Spearman correlations, analysis of variance, receiver operating characteristics, sensitivity, specificity, and intra‐class correlations (ICC). The ABM and CBI‐P were strongly correlated with depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue. Unexpectedly, correlations between the burnout measures and camouflaging, and wellbeing measures were moderate. Potential overlap between burnout and depression and fatigue was examined through EFA, which supported convergent validity of the ABM and depression measure, while correlations and ICC analyses revealed mixed results. We concluded that the ABM and the CBI‐P Emotional Exhaustion subscale were valid preliminary screening tools for autistic burnout. Testing with larger and more diverse autistic samples is required to further examine the psychometric properties of the ABM, and to understand the relationships between autistic burnout and depression, and masking.
Smartphone‐based gaze estimation for in‐home autism research
Authors: Kim Na Yeon , He Junfeng , Wu Qianying , Dai Na , Kohlhoff Kai , Turner Jasmin , Paul Lynn K. , Kennedy Daniel P. , Adolphs Ralph , Navalpakkam Vidhya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtypical gaze patterns are a promising biomarker of autism spectrum disorder. To measure gaze accurately, however, it typically requires highly controlled studies in the laboratory using specialized equipment that is often expensive, thereby limiting the scalability of these approaches. Here we test whether a recently developed smartphone‐based gaze estimation method could overcome such limitations and take advantage of the ubiquity of smartphones. As a proof‐of‐principle, we measured gaze while a small sample of well‐assessed autistic participants and controls watched videos on a smartphone, both in the laboratory (with lab personnel) and in remote home settings (alone). We demonstrate that gaze data can be efficiently collected, in‐home and longitudinally by participants themselves, with sufficiently high accuracy (gaze estimation error below 1° visual angle on average) for quantitative, feature‐based analysis. Using this approach, we show that autistic individuals have reduced gaze time on human faces and longer gaze time on non‐social features in the background, thereby reproducing established findings in autism using just smartphones and no additional hardware. Our approach provides a foundation for scaling future research with larger and more representative participant groups at vastly reduced cost, also enabling better inclusion of underserved communities.
Betonaggressivität des Grundwassers in Deutschland – Teil 2
Authors: Nuber Thomas , Lensing Herrmann‐Josef , Radny Dirk , Pfeiffer Wolf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFür den Geotechnischen Bericht nach DIN 4020 ist die Grundwasserbeschaffenheit anhand der Konzentration von Magnesium, Sulfat, Ammonium und kalklösender Kohlensäure nach DIN 4030‐1 hinsichtlich der Betonaggressivität zu beurteilen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden im ersten Teil der Veröffentlichung Themenkarten vorgestellt, in denen die Konzentrationsverteilungen der relevanten Wasserinhaltsstoffe einzeln und für die in DIN 4030‐1 festgelegten Expositionsklassen aggregiert dargestellt sind. Um die Aussagekraft dieser Themenkarten zu untersetzen, werden im zweiten Teil die Themenkarten mit Analyseergebnissen, die im Rahmen von 23 Bauprojekten der Wasserstraßen‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung (WSV) ermittelt wurden, abgeglichen. Die Festlegung anhand der Analyseergebnisse zeigte eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen der Themenkarten. Bis auf zwei Standorte, bei denen allerdings die Themenkarten zu einer auf der sicheren Seite liegenden Beurteilung der Betonaggressivität führen, ergeben sich identische Bewertungen anhand der Analyseergebnisse und Themenkarten. Dennoch wird empfohlen, die Themenkarten nicht als Ersatz, sondern als Ergänzung zur Grundwasserprobennahme und Analytik zu verstehen. Hierbei sind sie als wertvoller Beitrag zur Plausibilisierung von Analyseergebnissen und zur Ersteinschätzung der Betonaggressivität des Grundwassers an einem Standort zu sehen.
Exercise FITT‐V during pregnancy: Association with birth outcomes
Authors: Claiborne Alex , Wisseman Breanna , Kern Kara , Steen Dylan , Jevtovic Filip , McDonald Samantha , Strom Cody , Newton Edward , Isler Christy , Devente James , Mouro Steven , Collier David , Kuehn Devon , Kelley George A. , May Linda E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal exercise improves birth outcomes, but research into exercise dose–response effects is limited.MethodsThis study is a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trials. Prenatal exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume (FITT‐V) were assessed in supervised sessions throughout pregnancy. Gestational age (GA), neonatal resting heart rate (rHR), morphometrics (body circumferences, weight‐to‐length and ponderal index) Apgar and reflex scores, and placental measures were obtained at birth. Stepwise regressions and Pearson correlations determined associations between FITT‐V and birth outcomes.ResultsPrenatal exercise frequency reduces ponderal index (R2 = 0.15, F = 2.76, p = .05) and increased total number of reflexes present at birth (R2 = 0.24, F = 7.89, p < .001), while exercise intensity was related to greater gestational age and birth length (R2 = 0.08, F = 3.14; R2 = 0.12, F = 3.86, respectively; both p = .04); exercise weekly volume was associated with shorter hospital stay (R2 = 0.24, F = 4.73, p = .01). Furthermore, exercise type was associated with placenta size (R2 = 0.47, F = 3.51, p = .01).ConclusionsPrenatal exercise is positively related to birth and placental outcomes in a dose‐dependent manner.
Do environmental regulations and technological innovation enhance environmental well‐being in sub‐Saharan Africa?
Authors: Manu Emmanuel Kwaku , Chen George S. , Adomako Samuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate the regulation–technology–environment nexus in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), one of the world's most rapidly growing regions. Using a comprehensive panel dataset consisting of 32 countries from 2000 to 2022, we find that stronger environmental regulations and technological innovation enhance environmental well‐being. Moreover, we identify that stronger environmental regulations positively affect pro‐environment innovation. Finally, we present clear evidence for a dynamic and nonlinear regulation–technology–environment relationship, ruling out one‐size‐fits‐all policy approaches to environmental well‐being. Our results remain robust to different estimators, measurements, and sample selections.