bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network‐based adaptive control for nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Saini Kartik , Kumar Narendra , Bhushan Bharat , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis research article presents an artificial neural network (ANN)‐based indirect adaptive control method for nonlinear dynamical systems. In this article, a modified Elman recurrent neural network (MERNN) is proposed as an identifier and controller for controlling nonlinear systems. The architecture of the proposed controller is a modified form of the existing Elman recurrent neural network. The parameter training of ANN‐based controllers is obtained by using the most popular optimization algorithm which is known as the back‐propagation algorithm. A comparative study includes Elman, Diagonal, Jordan, feed‐forward neural network (FFNN), and radial basis function network (RBFN)‐based controllers to compare with the proposed MERNN controller. To determine the controller's robustness, parameter variations, and disturbance signals have been considered. The performance analysis of the proposed controller is illustrated by two simulation examples. The simulation results reveal that MERNN can not only identify the unknown dynamics of the plant but also adaptively control it compared to the others.
Exploring the Mineral Composition, Structure, and Function of a Freshwater Bivalve Adhesive
Authors: Metzler Rebecca A. , Zaborowsky Julia , Nichols Leon , Underhill Jack , Tregidga Jack , Rogers Chelsea , Rende Deniz , Bouillon Steven , Gillikin David P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEtheria elliptica is a freshwater oyster that produces an adhesive that hardens underwater, allowing them to attach to other oysters, rocks, wood, and other natural substrates, producing complex oyster bed communities. Despite the importance of the adhesive in oyster bed formation, little is known about its chemical composition, structure, or mechanical properties. Through a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray photoemission electron microscopy (X‐PEEM), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, microhardness testing, and nanoindentation, it is found that the oyster adhesive consists entirely of aragonite nanoparticles that clump together into crystallites of varied shape, size, and orientation. The crystallite clumping density varies from the exterior of the adhesive to the interior, with the adhesive closest to the prismatic layer generally being denser. With this variation in density comes a variation in material properties with the exterior adhesive layer being softer and more flexible and the interior adhesive layer being harder and less elastic, or more similar to the prismatic and nacre shell structures produced by the E. elliptica. The resultant material exhibits varied materials properties, despite similar mineral composition.
Potential of Aluminum as a Metal Fuel for Supporting EU Long‐Term Energy Storage Needs
Authors: Barelli Linda , Trombetti Lorenzo , Zhang Shuting , Ersoy Hüseyin , Baumann Manuel , Passerini Stefano 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe EU's energy transition necessitates availability of green energy carriers with high volumetric energy densities for long‐term energy storage (ES) needs. A fully decarbonized scenario considering renewable energy availability is analyzed underpinning the need for such carriers. Considering the shortcomings of Power‐to‐X technologies in terms of efficiency and low volumetric density, Aluminum (Al) is identified as a potential alternative showing significantly high volumetric energy densities (23.5 kWh L−1). In this paper, an Al‐based long‐term ES concept is investigated, taking advantage of the inherent recycling of the active species (i.e., Al2O3 to Al) coupling decarbonized Hall–Héroult process with an Al‐steam oxidation for simultaneous hydrogen (H2) and heat generation. This work demonstrates an innovative lab‐scale fine Al powder‐steam oxidation process at ≈900 °C without use of catalysts or additives, exploiting alumina as inert material. Conducted SEM‐EDX analysis on oxidized Al provides supporting evidence in favor of employed oxidation pathway, hindering tendency of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) clumping and enabling direct use of oxides in the smelting process for fully recyclability. Moreover, outcomes of XRD analyses are presented to validate the measured total H2 yields.
Polymer Passivated All Inorganic Micro‐Structured CsPbIxBry Perovskite Toward Highly Efficient Photodetectors
Authors: Shah Shruti , Punde Ashvini , Kale Dhanashri , Hase Yogesh , Ladhane Somnath , Rahane Swati , Doiphode Vidya , Shinde Pratibha , Waghmare Ashish , Bade Bharat , Rondiya Sachin , Prasad Mohit , Patole Shashikant P. , Jadkar Sandesh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolution‐processed inorganic perovskites cause chemical and structural defects unfavorable for photodetector application. Using a binary solvent, defects in CsPbIxBry (CPIB) perovskite are passivated with poly 4‐vinylpyridine (PVP) and Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FTIR spectra reveal a Lewis base‐acid interaction between Pb2+ and polymer, confirming the passivation of CPIB perovskite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows a dual‐surface morphology with microribbons and microcrystals in perovskites. After PMMA treatment, CPIB perovskite exhibits a blue shift in the bandgap (1.8 to 1.95 eV), while the PVP induced a redshift, reducing the bandgap to 1.7 eV. Blue shift in PL analysis indicates modification of grain boundaries. A higher lifetime obtained for CPIB/PVP confirms the restraint of non‐radiative recombinations. Photodetectors are fabricated with pristine CPIB, CPIB/PVP, and CPIB/PMMA perovskites. The passivated CPIB/PVP‐based photodetector exhibits a quick rise time of ≈23 ms and a decay time of ≈17 ms. It also demonstrates a remarkable photoresponsivity of 23 mA W−1, an internal quantum efficiency of 4.9%, and a detectivity of 15.0 × 1010 Jones at 10 mW cm−2 light intensity. This approach shows the potential for environmentally stable polymers to passivate inorganic perovskites for high photodetection performance.
Probing Electronic Structure Changes in Cobalt Oxalate Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yuhao , Dai Penghao , Liu Qingshan , Yu Guobin , Wang Tiansheng , Wu Yangyang , Li Qiang , Wang Meng , Wang Yaqun , Zhu Yue , Li Hongsen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐based materials exhibit a broad range of catalytic activities in numerous electrochemical processes. Their displayed catalytic functions rely essentially on their distinctive electronic structures, changes of which play pivotal roles in dictating reaction dynamics within many electrochemical devices. Nevertheless, accurately probing electronic structure changes, especially in real‐time, of active materials remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a viable approach to achieve it within a CoC2O4/Li model system by employing a combined microscopic is demonstrated, spectroscopic analysis, plus a unique operando magnetometry technique. The findings reveal that upon completion of the conventional conversion of CoC2O4, a surface‐dominated capacitance emerges at the Co/Li2C2O4 interface owing to the injection of spin‐polarized electrons. Subsequently, the decomposition of Li2C2O4 proceeds through the releasing of the spin‐polarized electrons from Co, which, therefore serve as a catalyst leading to further discharge products. Such real‐time monitoring of electron transfer is realized by in situ monitoring electronic structure changes of Co, manifested by its intriguing magnetization alterations during the process. This work highlights a novel characterization tool that provides a solid explanation for the commonly observed large capacities in this type of materials and sheds light on design rules and selection guidance of materials for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage systems.
Integrated and Automated: Liquid Metal‐based System for Full Cycle CO2‐to‐Carbon Conversion
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Qing , Wu Kangjie , Li Yunlong , Chen Jingsheng , Jiang Danfeng , Li Yingguo , Yu Ziyi , Yu Chao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe urgency for carbon neutrality is driving the need for cost‐effective Carbon Capture and Conversion (iCCC) technology, but the lack of a unified platform for capture, release, and the subsequent in situ catalytic conversion has hindered its widespread adoption. To address this gap, it have showcased the feasibility of achieving an energetically balanced design intertwining CO2 capture and in situ conversion through a continuous gas‐to‐solid reaction process on the customized liquid metal‐based reaction system. The system exhibits a remarkable carbon production capability, achieving a peak yield of 550.57 µmolC mmol CO2‐−1 accompanied by 100% carbon conversion rate. The vertically bottom‐up spiral reactor design introduces significant mass transfer enhancements, resulting in a higher conversion yield rate of 8658.3 µmol h−1 (323.24 µmolC mmolCO2‐−1) while requiring an energy input of only 30.79 GJ t−1 CO2 in a 1.508×10−3 m3 unit. The solid carbon produced in the continuous setup also holds the potential for high‐end application value, such as being a high‐performance material for wave adsorption or acting as an efficient photocatalyst. This research insights are poised to chart new pathway into refining the design strategy for CO2 solidification processes, particularly the seamless melding of carbon capture and in situ conversion.
Evaluation of single and mixed cover crops species in a sandy loam soil under corn production
Authors: Mubvumba Partson , Tyler Heather L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInformed selection of cover crop species is critical for optimizing their benefits by considering the costs of adoption and potential initial negative impact on yields against the proven benefits for sustainable production. The Lower Mississippi Delta region is lagging in cover crop adoption, partly due to a paucity of this information from the area, despite being one of the major row crop‐producing regions in the United States. Common cover crop species in the region, cereal rye (CR) (Secale cereale), hairy vetch (HV) (Vicia villosa), and crimson clover (CC) (Trifolium incarnatum), and their possible two‐ and three‐combination mixes were evaluated for their impact on biomass production, enzyme activities, nutrient cycling, and corn (Zea mays) yields. HV + CC + CR and HV + CR produced the highest biomass and lowest yields compared to all treatments. HV and CC produced the least biomass but comparable yields to no cover crop. HV + CC + CR, HV + CR, CR, CC, and HV treatments had comparable total nitrogen, phosphorus, and soil organic carbon levels in the surface 0‐ to 5‐cm depth. Generally, CC alone and the HV + CR mix consistently displayed significantly higher phosphatase, N‐acetylglucosaminidase, β‐glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase activities compared to all other treatments, while CR had the lowest. The single species of CC or HV may be the best option in the short term for initial cover crop implementation, rotating with CR a few years down the line for optimum long‐term benefits under corn production in this region.
Spin‐State Control in Dysprosium(III) Metallacrown Magnets via Thioacetal Modification
Authors: Deng Wei , Wu Si‐Guo , Ruan Ze‐Yu , Gong Ya‐Ping , Du Shan‐Nan , Wang Hai‐Ling , Chen Yan‐Cong , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Liu Jun‐Liang , Tong Ming‐Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating controllable spin states into single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) enables precise manipulation of magnetic interactions at a molecular level, but remains a synthetic challenge. Herein, we developed a 3d–4f metallacrown (MC) magnet [DyNi5(quinha)5(Clsal)2(py)8](ClO4) ⋅ 4H2O (H2quinha=quinaldichydroxamic acid, HClsal=5‐chlorosalicylaldehyde) wherein a square planar NiII is stabilized by chemical stacking. Thioacetal modification was employed via post‐synthetic ligand substitutions and yielded [DyNi5(quinha)5(Clsaldt)2(py)8](ClO4) ⋅ 3H2O (HClsaldt=4‐chloro‐2‐(1,3‐dithiolan‐2‐yl)phenol). Thanks to the additional ligations of thioacetal onto the NiII site, coordination‐induced spin state switching (CISSS) took place with spin state altering from low‐spin S=0 to high‐spin S=1. The synergy of CISSS effect and magnetic interactions results in distinct energy splitting and magnetic dynamics. Magnetic studies indicate prominent enhancement of reversal barrier from 57 cm−1 to 423 cm−1, along with hysteresis opening and an over 200‐fold increment in coercive field at 2 K. Ab initio calculations provide deeper insights into the exchange models and rationalize the relaxation/tunnelling pathways. These results demonstrate here provide a fire‐new perspective in modulating the magnetization relaxation via the incorporation of controllable spin states and magnetic interactions facilitated by the CISSS approach.
Aggregation Enhanced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence through Spin‐Orbit Coupling Regulation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Shuai , Gong Yujie , Zhang Jiachen , Zhou Yujie , Kong Jie , Fu Hongbing , Zhou Meng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters holds great promise for the advancement of highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Despite recent advancements, a thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms remains imperative for the practical application of such materials. In this work, we introduce a novel approach aimed at modulating the TADF process by manipulating dynamic processes in excited states through aggregation effect. Our findings reveal that aggregation not only enhances both prompt and delayed fluorescence simultaneously but also imposes constraints on molecular reorientation. This constraint reinforces spin‐orbit coupling and reduces the energy gap between singlets and triplets. These insights deepen our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing the aggregation effect on TADF materials and provide valuable guidance for the design of high‐efficiency photoluminescent materials.
Controlling On‐Surface Photoactivity: The Impact of π‐Conjugation in Anhydride‐Functionalized Molecules on a Semiconductor Surface
Authors: Frezza Federico , Sánchez‐Grande Ana , Canola Sofia , Lamancová Anna , Mutombo Pingo , Chen Qifan , Wäckerlin Christian , Ernst Karl‐Heinz , Muntwiler Matthias , Zema Nicola , Di Giovannantonio Marco , Nachtigallová Dana , Jelínek Pavel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn‐surface synthesis has become a prominent method for growing low‐dimensional carbon‐based nanomaterials on metal surfaces. However, the necessity of decoupling organic nanostructures from metal substrates to exploit their properties requires either transfer methods or new strategies to perform reactions directly on inert surfaces. The use of on‐surface light‐induced reactions directly on semiconductor/insulating surfaces represents an alternative approach to address these challenges. Here, exploring the photochemical activity of different organic molecules on a SnSe semiconductor surface under ultra‐high vacuum, we present a novel on‐surface light‐induced reaction. The selective photodissociation of the anhydride group is observed, releasing CO and CO2. Moreover, we rationalize the relationship between the photochemical activity and the π‐conjugation of the molecular core. The different experimental behaviour of two model anhydrides was elucidated by theoretical calculations, showing how the molecular structure influences the distribution of the excited states. Our findings open new pathways for on‐surface synthesis directly on technologically relevant substrates.
Dimensional Regulation in Metal‐Free Perovskites by Compositional Engineering to Achieve Record Low X‐Ray Detection Limits
Authors: Dong Pengxiang , Lin Chensheng , Ye Ning , Luo Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUtilizing the manipulation of perovskite dimensions has been proven as an effective approach in regulating perovskite properties. Nevertheless, achieving precise control over the dimensions of perovskites within the same system poses a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce a sophisticated method to attain precise dimensional control in metal‐free perovskites (MFPs), specifically through the process of octahedron tailoring by compositional engineering. Accordingly, we successfully instigated a transition from HPIP−NH4I3 ⋅ H2O (3D), HPIP2−NH4I5 (2D) and HPIP3−NH4I7 (1D) structures. Notably, HPIP2−NH4I5 is the first 2D MFP. As anticipated, these perovskites exhibited completely distinct fluorescence and X‐ray detection capabilities due to their differing dimensions. Remarkably, the 2D HPIP2−NH4I5 device effectively hindered ion migration perpendicular to the 2D layers, achieving the lowest detection limit of 12.2 nGyair s−1 among metal‐free single crystals‐based detectors. This study expands the dimensionality control strategies for MFPs and introduces, for the first time, the potential of 2D MFPs as high‐performance X‐ray detectors, thereby enriching the diversity of the MFPs family.
Risk of Gastrointestinal Perforation in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Exposed to Janus Kinase Inhibitors Versus Adalimumab: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Hoisnard Lea , Meyer Antoine , Dray‐Spira Rosemary , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud , Sbidian Emilie 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of gastrointestinal perforation (GIP), a rare but serious adverse event, in patients who a JAK inhibitor (JAKi; tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, or filgotinib) versus adalimumab (tumor necrosis factor inhibitor) among a comprehensive real‐world population of patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study of the French national health data system, the exposed group that received a JAKi and the comparison group adalimumab. We included all individuals with a rheumatic disease who had their first dispensation of these treatments from July 2017 to December 2021. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of GIP (end of follow‐up May 2022). Weighted hazard ratios (wHRs) were estimated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting method to account for confounding factors. Concomitant administration of systemic glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and proton‐pump inhibitors were time‐varying variables.ResultsThe cohort included 39,758 patients: 12,335 and 27,423 in the groups that received a JAKi and adalimumab (mean age 58.2 and 47.3 years; female 76% and 58%; rheumatoid arthritis 85.3% and 27.3%, and psoriatic arthritis/axial spondyloarthritis 14.7% and 72.7%), respectively. During follow‐up, 38 and 42 GIPs occurred in the groups that received a JAKi and adalimumab groups; incidence rates were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–2.8) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.8–1.5) per 1,000 person‐years, respectively. Rates of GIP did not differ between the groups that received a JAKi and adalimumab: wHR 1.1 (95% CI 0.7–1.9; P = 0.65). Despite the lack of power in some subgroup analyses, results were consistent whatever the subgroup of a type of JAKi received or subgroup with a type of rheumatic disease.ConclusionIn this nationwide cohort study, the rates of GIPs did not differ between groups of patients who received JAKi and adalimumab treatment. These results need to be confirmed in other observational studies.image
Implications of anti‐ganglioside antibodies in isolated dysphagia following COVID‐19 infection: Case series
Authors: Kim Sejoon , Bae Jisun , Park Geun‐Young , Im Sun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere have been multiple reports about the occurrence of dysphagia after the contraction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, a detailed pathology and epidemiologic relation between COVID‐19 infection and dysphagia have yet to be established. Here, we report three cases of unexplained dysphagia after COVID‐19 diagnosis, with atypical clinical presentations.Case reportAll patients showed severe isolated lower cranial nerve involvement with dysphagia and aspiration, which required full tube feeding but showed no evidence of limb weakness or sensory symptoms. All tested positive for anti‐ganglioside antibody tests, which all commonly (GD1b, GM1, and GQ1b) are known to have terminal NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal epitope.DiscussionWe report a series of cases featuring severe, isolated dysphagia post‐COVID‐19 infection, concomitant with positive anti‐ganglioside antibodies. One potential etiology is a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Because only isolated dysphagia with sparing of the facial and extraocular muscles was evident in these cases, we explore the association between anti‐ganglioside antibodies specific to NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal, which has been frequently associated with the development of bulbar dysfunction. Given that NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal exhibits an affinity for the spike glycoprotein of SARS‐CoV‐2, a cross‐reaction against NeuNAc(α2‐3)Gal may possibly contribute to isolated dysphagia following COVID‐19 infection.
A stretchable, electroconductive tissue adhesive for the treatment of neural injury
Authors: Dhal Jharana , Ghovvati Mahsa , Baidya Avijit , Afshari Ronak , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Abdi Reza , Annabi Nasim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuccessful nerve repair using bioadhesive hydrogels demands minimizing tissue–material interfacial mechanical mismatch to reduce immune responses and scar tissue formation. Furthermore, it is crucial to maintain the bioelectrical stimulation‐mediated cell‐signaling mechanism to overcome communication barriers within injured nerve tissues. Therefore, engineering bioadhesives for neural tissue regeneration necessitates the integration of electroconductive properties with tissue‐like biomechanics. In this study, we propose a stretchable bioadhesive based on a custom‐designed chemically modified elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) and a choline‐based bioionic liquid (Bio‐IL), providing an electroconductive microenvironment to reconnect damaged nerve tissue. The stretchability akin to native neural tissue was achieved by incorporating hydrophobic ELP pockets, and a robust tissue adhesion was obtained due to multi‐mode tissue–material interactions through covalent and noncovalent bonding at the tissue interface. Adhesion tests revealed adhesive strength ~10 times higher than commercially available tissue adhesive, Evicel®. Furthermore, the engineered hydrogel supported in vitro viability and proliferation of human glial cells. We also evaluated the biodegradability and biocompatibility of the engineered bioadhesive in vivo using a rat subcutaneous implantation model, which demonstrated facile tissue infiltration and minimal immune response. The outlined functionalities empower the engineered elastic and electroconductive adhesive hydrogel to effectively enable sutureless surgical sealing of neural injuries and promote tissue regeneration.