bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 865: Impact of race and health insurance on delays in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in the District of Columbia
Authors: Hoffman Heather J. , Levine Paul H. , Patierno Steven R. , Young Heather A. , Alexander Lisa M. , LaVerda Nancy L. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background: Delays in follow-up after breast cancer screening are thought to contribute to disparities in breast cancer outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of race as well as health insurance status on the diagnostic delay time, defined as the number of days from abnormal screening to definitive diagnosis. In addition, we analyze the effects of race and health insurance status on the treatment delay time, defined as the number of days from definitive breast cancer diagnosis to treatment initiation.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 695 women examined for breast cancer between 1997 and 2009 at seven hospitals and clinics located in the District of Columbia. The outcomes of interest were the diagnostic delay time and the treatment delay time. We used full-factorial and main-effects ANOVA models to test for significant differences in these outcomes between African-American and white women with and without some type of health insurance.
Results: The mean diagnostic delay time was 37 days for insured white women, 76 days for uninsured white women, 75 days for insured African-American women, and 73 days for uninsured African-American women. In fitting a full-factorial ANOVA model, we found that insured white women had a significantly shorter delay in diagnosis than insured African-American women (p=0.0001) as well as uninsured white women (p=0.0007). Furthermore, a main-effects ANOVA model showed that after controlling for insurance status, African-American women had a mean treatment delay time of 45 days, which was significantly longer than the mean treatment delay time of only 17 days for white women (p&lt;0.0001). Insurance status, however, had no significant effect on the treatment delay time after controlling for race (p=0.72).
Conclusions: Insured African-American women and uninsured white women waited more than twice as long to reach their definitive diagnosis than insured white women. African-American women also waited more than three times as long as white women for treatment initiation following definitive diagnosis. Lack of health insurance markedly decreased the speed of diagnostic resolution in white women, but having health insurance did not increase the speed of diagnostic resolution in African-American women. These results suggest that lack of health insurance may not be the primary barrier to optimal diagnostic resolution and treatment initiation in African-American women. It will be important to determine what other factors serve as the primary barriers, as well as if these delays affect the final breast cancer outcome for the patients.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 865.
Abstract 867: Oral contraceptive, menopausal hormone therapy use and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the California Teachers Study
Authors: Lu Yani , Sullivan-Halley Jane , Henderson Katherine D. , Ma Huiyan , Duan Lei , Wang Sophia S. , Lacey James , Chang Ellen T. , Deapen Dennis , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate whether use of oral contraceptives (OC) or menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) is associated with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Methods: Within the prospective California Teachers Study cohort, women under age 85 with no history of hematopoietic cancer were followed from 1995 through 2007 for diagnosis of B-cell NHL. Overall, 547 women of 116,779 women eligible for analysis of OC use and 402 of 54,758 postmenopausal women eligible for analysis of MHT use developed B-cell NHL. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by fitting multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Women who used OCs had marginally lower risk of B-cell NHL than women who had never used OCs (RR=0.86, 95% CI=0.69-1.06). The reduced risk was most pronounced among women who started OCs before age 25, but did not decrease with increasing duration. No association with MHT was observed when MHT ever users were compared to the never users (RR=1.05, 95% CI=0.83-1.33); this result was consistent across formulations of MHT [unopposed estrogen therapy (ET), combined estrogen and progestin therapy (EPT)]. Among women who had never used MHT, women with a bilateral oophorectomy had three times greater risk than those with natural menopause (RR=3.15, 95% CI=1.62-6.13), whereas there was no association with bilateral oophorectomy among women who had used MHT. In stratified analyses according to hysterectomy and oophrectomy status, ET and EPT did not affect risk for women with natural menopause or those with hysterectomy who had at least part of an ovary remaining. Among women who had a bilateral oophorectomy, ET reduced risk of NHL (RR=0.41, 95% CI=0.21-0.82).
Conclusion: These data suggest that ET use decreases the risk of B-cell NHL among women with both ovaries removed, but not among women retaining at least part of an ovary. In other subgroups MHT does not influence risk.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 867.
Abstract 872: Skin cancers in African albinos: A cause for public concern
Authors: Ademola Samuel A. , Olawoye Olayinka A. , Oluwatosin Odunayo M. , Iyun Ayodele O. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Skin cancers are uncommon in the black Africans and as such there is little or no formal preventive program against skin cancer in most parts of Africa. In Albinos who live in tropical Africa however, skin cancers are not uncommon and their effects could be devastating. The aim of this report therefore is to evaluate the occurrence of skin cancers in albinos and to highlight the factors that make skin cancers in them a public health issue.
Methods: All patients with clinical suspicion of skin cancers presenting to a major tertiary center in Nigeria were referred to the plastic surgery division of the hospital for evaluation. The chart of all albinos referred to this division between 1989 and 2009 were reviewed. Analysis was done with the aid of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software.
Results: There were 32 patients comprising 20 males and 12 females. Most of the patients were either unemployed or engaged in a low income earning occupation. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of presentation was 21.3 months. Many had multiple lesions at presentation with an average of 3 lesions per patient. The average diameter of the lesions was 8.8cm. Over 80% of the lesions were ulcerated and were located in the head and neck region. Majority of the patients had associated lymph node and surrounding contiguous tissues involvement and therefore requires major reconstructive surgery following tumor excision.
Conclusion: Skin cancers constitute a major health concern in albinos who live in tropical Africa. Majority of the patients present with advanced disease that require major reconstructive surgery for disease control. There is need for institution of educational programs on preventive measures and early medical consultation in order to reduce the tumor burden in this region.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 872.
Abstract 874: Low plasma coenzyme Q10 levels and breast cancer risk in Chinese women: Influence of menopausal status
Authors: Cooney Robert V. , Dai Qi , Gao Yu-Tang , Chow Wong-Ho , Shu Xiao-Ou , Li Honglan , Ji Butian , Cai Qiuyin , Franke Adrian A. , Zheng Wei 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and an important cellular antioxidant. Decreased circulating levels of CoQ10 have been associated with increased cancer incidence and poor prognosis for a number of cancer types. Limited clinical data suggest that supplemental CoQ10 may benefit breast cancer patients, as evidenced by regression of cancer and increased survival. We prospectively examined the association of plasma CoQ10 with breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study within the Shanghai Women's Health Study. Pre-diagnostic plasma samples were obtained from 373 cases and 740 age-matched controls and analyzed for total CoQ10 by HPLC with UV detection after precolumn coulometric oxidation. A risk reduction of borderline significance was associated with increasing plasma CoQ10 level using a conditional logistic regression model adjusted for age. Analysis by menopausal status revealed approximately a 50% reduction in odds ratio for pre-menopausal women in the highest quartiles of plasma CoQ10 compared to those with the lowest (p for trend = 0.01). In contrast, no significant reduction in risk was observed for post-menopausal women with increasing plasma CoQ10. Adjustment of the model for age, education, age at menarche, age at 1st live birth, months of breast feeding, history of fibroadenoma, first degree family cancer history, smoking history, and use of hormone replacement therapy yielded similar results: a significant inverse trend for breast cancer risk with increasing plasma CoQ10 in pre-menopausal women (p = 0.03) and no association for post-menopausal women. The data suggest that future epidemiologic studies of CoQ10 and breast cancer for pre-menopausal women are warranted and highlight the need for greater understanding of the origins and physiologic meaning of circulating CoQ10 in humans. This work was supported by NIH Grants CA 132149 (RVC), CA106591 (QD), and CA70867 (WZ).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 874.
Abstract 881: Clinical usefulness of soluble fibrin monomer-fibrinogen complex (SFMC) for the metastasis of malignant neoplasm
Authors: Yoshihiro Komatsu , Koga Shin , Orita Hajime , Sakurada Mutsumi , Maekawa Hiroshi , Moriwaki Minoru , Sato Kouichi 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Objective: SF is a complex coupling fibrin monomer and fibrinogen molecules to be formed in the early-activated state of blood coagulation. The level of SF reflects the thrombin generation activity in plasma. There is increasing evidence that SFMC is expected to serve as a parameter for thrombus formation and DIC, in particular its early stage.
Thrombin generation is activated in the metastasis of malignant neoplasm,
The aim of this study is to determine whether the SF could be a new marker for the metastasis of malignant neoplasm.
Material and Methods: From 2007 to 2008, a total of 86 patients who underwent radical surgery for treatment to the cancer of digestive organs (including cancer of esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas) were enrolled in this study.
We measured SF together with established tumor markers before the surgery and every three months after the surgery. Each of them was compared with imaging tests such as CT scan, ultrasounds, MRI, PET-CT, GIF, and CF.
Results: There were not admitted the rise of SF neither before nor after surgery in the case of stage1 and 2. No metastasis was admitted with the imaging tests in the cases of stage1 and 2, either. In the cases of stage3 and 4, there were some cases with the rise of SF before the surgery. The decrease of SF and tumor markers were admitted in the cases of excising the radical cure. SF was not high in the some cases with relapse or metastasis which condition was considered to be suppressed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Moreover, the rise of SF was admitted in all samples in the case of multiple liver metastasis and multiple peritoneal dissemination.
Conclusions: Though this study suggests that SF could be a parameter for the condition of metastatic malignant neoplasm, it has not been systematically studied whether SF is useful for early detection of metastasis and relapse or not.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 881.
Abstract 882: Serum Hsp27 levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker in patients with localized breast cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: De Asit K. , Banerjee Sanjib , Lin Chuen-Fu , Skinner Kristin , Schiffhauer Linda , Peacock James , Huston Alissa , Shayne Michelle , Strickland Jennifer , O'Donoghue Lauren 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Although there exist some prognostic biomarkers (eg, CA 15-3) for evaluation of responses to therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients, there is no reliable biomarker for early stage breast cancer patients. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) has been reported as elevated in many human cancers of carcinoma origin. We have simultaneously tested serum levels of Hsp27 and CA 15-3 by specific ELISA in 49 untreated breast cancer patients (age→52.77±1.28) with early to locally advanced disease [Stage I (n=21), IIA and B (n=21), IIIA, B and C (n=7)] and 37 female controls (age→50.86±1.60). Hsp27 levels were significantly (p&lt;0.0001) increased in these patients (894.76±116.45 pg/ml) as compared to controls (301.34±44.73 pg/ml). In contrast, CA 15-3 levels, the most characterized and frequently used prognostic biomarker for evaluation of metastatic breast cancer patients’ clinical responses to therapy, showed no increase in these patients (16.36±1.07 U/ml) as compared to controls (16.67±1.27 U/ml). Serum Hsp27 levels were modestly but not significantly elevated in stage III patients (1091.1±486.6 pg/ml) as compared to stage I (887.7±125.6 pg/ml) or II (836.3±188.8 pg/ml) patients. Similarly, serum Hsp27 levels were modestly (not significant) elevated in high grade patients (973.2±180.9 pg/ml; n=22) as compared to low (836.1±212.9 pg/ml; n= 15) or intermediate (824.1±230.1 pg/ml; n=12) grade patients. Although the serum Hsp27 levels were not significantly higher in Stage III or high grade patients as compared to early stage or lower grade patients respectively, post - surgery follow-up serum Hsp27 data are highly encouraging. We have followed 22 patients upto 12 months post - surgery (sample collection at pre-surgery, 6 and 12 months post-surgery). These patients’ pre-surgery Hsp27 levels (995.50±189.74 pg/ml) were significantly (p&lt;0.0002) elevated as compared to healthy controls, but were reduced to almost control levels as tested at 6 (484.32±73.85 pg/ml) and 12 (490.49±119.70 pg/ml) months post-surgery. Thus, our data strongly suggest the possibility of using serum Hsp27 levels as a prognostic biomarker to evaluate clinical responses to therapy in early stage to locally advanced breast cancer patients.
Work supported by ACS RSG-06-266-01-LIB awarded to A. De
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 882.
Abstract 886: Genetic polymorphisms in telomere pathway genes may potentially impact breast cancer survival
Authors: Shen Jing , Gammon Marilie D. , Terry Mary Beth , Wang Qiao , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Santella Regina M. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms are not only responsible for disease susceptibility, but may also play a role in determining cancer survival. We examined the associations between genetic variants of 9 genes involved in the telomere pathway in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) and survival among breast cancer cases obtained from a population-based study – the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP). Fifty-two genetic variants were analyzed in the current study. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to test telomere length, genotyping and survival relationships. Telomere length had no significant relationship with overall and breast cancer specific mortality. Carrying genetic variants of the POT1 (rs7784168) A-allele and the TERT (rs2853677) TT genotype were significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality. The HRs were, respectively, 2.17 (95%CI: 1.01-4.66) and 1.73 (95%CI: 1.21-2.45) after adjusting for age at diagnosis (continuous), BMI (&lt;25 vs. ≥25) and ER/PR status (both positive vs. either negative). The TERT (rs2853677) TT genotype alone was also significantly related with increased breast cancer specific mortality (HR=1.95, 95%CI: 1.24-3.06) after adjusting for age at diagnosis (continuous), BMI and ER/PR status. For ER/PR negative breast cancer cases, carrying the TERT (rs2735940) TT genotype was significantly associated with decreased breast cancer survival after adjusting for age at diagnosis (continuous), ethnicity (black vs. non-black) and BMI. The HR was 2.43 (95%CI: 1.30-4.55). Among ER and PR positive patients, carrying PINX1-33 (rs2277130) G-allele and the TERT-14 (rs2853677) TT genotype were also significantly associated with decreased breast cancer survival after adjusting for age at diagnosis (continuous). The HRs were 3.30 (95%CI: 1.35-8.06) and 2.56 (95%CI: 1.26-5.19), respectively. These data strongly suggest that genetic variants in telomere pathway genes (PINX1, POT1 and TERT) are potential valuable markers in predicting breast cancer survival.
Acknowledgments
Grant support: National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants R03CA125768, U01CA/ES66572, P30ES009089 and P30ES10126; and awards from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, and Women At Risk (WAR).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 886.
Abstract 888: Reduced folate carrier gene polymorphism (RFC 80G&gt;A): Associations with clinical outcome in NMYC amplified neuroblastoma patients
Authors: Lau Diana T. , Murray Jayne , Norris Murray , Marshall Glenn M. , Haber Michelle , Ashton Lesley J. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Background
Folate plays an important role in cell function, division and differentiation. Gene polymorphisms in the folate pathway have been shown to influence folate uptake and metabolism. The aims of our study were to examine how specific gene variants in the folate pathway influence the clinical outcome of childhood neuroblastoma and to measure the correlation between specific genotypes and levels of gene expression.
Methods
Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the folate pathway were examined in DNA from 174 children diagnosed with neuroblastoma between 1985 and 2000. Cox proportion hazard analysis was used to investigate the association between the presence or absence of specific gene polymorphisms and the risk of relapse or death in the 5 year follow up period, while adjusting for known prognostic cofactors. Relative quantification of reduced folate carrier (RFC) mRNA expression was performed in a subset of 43 neuroblastoma tissues by real-time quantitative PCR.
Results
No significant difference in EFS was observed between individuals with different folate genotypes (P&gt;0.05). However, in multivariate analysis children homozygous for the RFC 80A gene variant were significantly less likely to relapse or die compared to those with RFC 80G allele after adjusting for prognostic factors such as NMYC status, stage and age at diagnosis (HR=0.46; 95% CI=0.24-0.90, P=0.024). Moreover, in those patients with NMYC amplification, the cumulative 5 year EFS was 0% in those homozygous for RFC 80GG; 9% in those heterozygous for RFC 80GA; and 50% in those homozygous for RFC 80AA (Log-rank test, P=0.005). However, no apparent association was observed for any of the additional gene polymorphisms examined (P&gt;0.05) even after adjusting for NMYC status, age, or tumour stage at diagnosis. Quantitative mRNA analysis in a subset of 43 patients showed that expression of RFC was three times higher in those with RFC 80GG genotype compared to those with other genotypes, although this was not statistically significant (P=0.587).
Conclusions
Our results show that the RFC 80A variant allele confers superior survival in patients with NMYC amplification. These findings suggest that the RFC G80A polymorphism may play an important role in modifying folate transport in rapidly dividing neuroblastoma cells regulated by NMYC proto-oncogene.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 888.
Abstract 89: BamBam: Simultaneous processing of tumor and germline sequencing data
Authors: Sanborn John Z. , Haussler David 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
With the release of multiple fully-sequenced tumor and matched normal genomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), there is great need for tools that can efficiently analyze these enormous datasets. To this end, we developed BamBam, a method that interfaces with the SAMtools library to simultaneously analyze a patient's tumor and germline genomes using short-read alignments stored in SAM/BAM-formatted files. BamBam enables an efficient calculation of regional copy number, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and the discovery of both somatic and germline sequence variants and structural rearrangements. Chromosomal regions that experience single copy loss or copy neutral LOH are used to phase heterozygous sites and construct germline haplotypes.
We used BamBam to analyze the short-read sequencing data of several glioblastoma multiforme and ovarian serous carcinoma tumors produced by the TCGA genome sequencing centers at the Broad Institute and Washington University in St. Louis. In each tumor, BamBam identified somatic homozygous and heterozygous small indels and single nucleotide variants, inferred regions exhibiting large-scale loss of heterozygosity, estimated relative copy number, and identified sites of structural variation. The intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements we infer are often found at the boundary of copy number alterations, implicating homology-driven mechanisms. We identified variants shared by more than one tumor as well as events restricted to individual tumors. Strikingly, in each tumor processed thus far, distinct regions of localized chromosomal instability were observed. The inferred haplotypes share substantial regions of identity with the germline haplotypes of the other TCGA samples and phased SNPs from samples of 11 HapMap populations, indicating they have high accuracy.
BamBam is a computationally efficient method for surveying large sequencing datasets to produce a set of high-quality genomic events that occur within each tumor relative to its germline. These results provide a glimpse into the chromosomal dynamics of tumors, improving our understanding of these tumors’ final states and the events that led to them.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 89.