bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Ocular Trauma in the Elderly: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hashemi Alireza , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Mehri Ahmad , Yekta Abbasali , Mortazavi Abolghasem , Hashemi Hassan 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence of different types of ocular trauma and their relationship with some factors in the elderly population.

Methods:
The present population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on the elderly population aged 60 years and above in Tehran, Iran, using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling in 2019. After selecting the samples and their participation in the study, demographic information and history of ocular trauma were obtained through an interview. Psychological evaluation was performed using the Goldberg’s 28-question General Health Questionnaire. All study participants underwent optometric and ophthalmological examinations.

Results:
Three thousand three hundred and ten people participated in the study (response rate: 87.3%). Of these, 1912 individuals (57.8%) were female and the mean age of individuals was 68.25 ± 6.55 (from 60 to 97) years. 7.46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.51–8.41) of the study participants reported a history of ocular trauma. Blunt and chemical traumas were the most and the least common types of ocular trauma, respectively (5.72% and 0.16%). 3.93% of cases visited an ophthalmologist for ocular trauma, 1.67% reported a history of hospitalization, and 1.47% underwent surgery. The prevalence of visual impairment in individuals with a history of ocular trauma was 12.53%. Visual impairment was more prevalent in people with a history of ocular trauma than those without a history of ocular trauma (P < 0.05). History of ocular trauma was only significantly related to low education level (odds ratio = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40–0.99). Participants with a history of ocular trauma had more anxiety and higher mean psychological distress score than those without a history of ocular trauma (P = 0.035).

Conclusions:
The development of preventive programs against the occurrence of ocular trauma can play an important role in reducing the psychological damage of affected patients while reducing visual disorders. These interventions should be especially considered in groups with a lower education level.
Vision-Related Quality of Life and Ocular Parameters in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Moshegov Sophia , Seth Ishith , Wawryk Olivia , Sandhu Sukhpal Singh , Lanteri Marc , Baird Paul N. , Sahebjada Srujana 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) of patients receiving hemodialysis through the assessment of the impact of vision impairment (IVI) questionnaire and ocular parameters, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and refraction as calculated by spherical equivalent (SE) of each eye.

Methods:
Fifty-one patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis at a single center were recruited, and a total of 77 eyes were evaluated. BCVA, IOP, and SE were evaluated before and after hemodialysis (within 30 min).

Results:
Of the 51 patients recruited, 13 (25%) were female, 37 (73%) were male, and one (2%) chose not to specify gender. The mean age was 61.85 ± 32 years. The mobility IVI score was correlated significantly with the presence of hypertension (P = 0.01), eye drop usage (P = 0.04), and gender (P = 0.04). Emotional IVI scores were correlated significantly with diabetes (P = 0.03) and hypertension (P < 0.01). IOP significantly correlated with the IVI overall score (P = 0.02), including the reading IVI subscale and the emotional IVI subscale. Several factors were associated with posthemodialysis ocular parameters, including predialysis ocular parameters, age, and hypertension (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions:
IOP significantly correlated with VRQoL in hemodialysis patients. Demographic variables such as diabetes status, hypertension, eye drop usage, and gender also significantly correlated with subsections of the IVI questionnaire. This study investigated the relationship between ocular parameters and VRQoL in hemodialysis patients, and future longitudinal research is needed to further elucidate the mechanisms.
Is Type 2 Macular Telangiectasia a Bilateral and Symmetrical Disease Entity?
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Nahata Harshita , Reddy Nikitha Gurram , Mishra Pranjal , Mangla Rubble , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To study the inter-eye asymmetry in cases diagnosed with type 2 macular telangiectasia (MacTel).

Methods:
Herein, type 2 MacTel cases were staged as per Gass and Blodi classification with multiple imaging techniques. Based on disease stage symmetry, two groups identified. Group 1: Symmetrical stage and Group 2: Asymmetrical stage MacTel disease. Prevalence, demography, and clinical features of MacTel cases showing inter-eye asymmetry were analyzed.

Results:
Two hundred and eighty eyes of 140 patients diagnosed clinically with type 2 MacTel (84-Group 1 and 56-Group 2) were evaluated. Eighty-nine (64%) were female, and the median age of the entire cohort was 62.5 years (inter-quartile range: 57.0–68.75). MacTel disease with asymmetric stage was seen in 56 (40%) of the 140 patients. At presentation, a two-stage difference was noted in 46% (n = 26) of the patients with asymmetrical MacTel disease. A 10% conversion from symmetrical to asymmetrical disease stage was noted at the final visit. Of the 280 eyes evaluated for type 2 MacTel disease, 12 (4%) eyes showed no findings suggestive of MacTel on clinical examination and fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography when available and were labeled as unilateral type 2 MacTel disease.

Conclusions:
Type 2 MacTel can show inter-eye disease stage asymmetry. Unilateral type 2 MacTel disease is a distinct stage in MacTel which would need further evaluation and consideration while staging.
Effects of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty on Corneal Densitometry of Cases with Long-Standing Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Hashemian Mohammad-Naser , Latifi Golshan , Cheraqpour Kasra , Ghods Sepideh , Abdi Parisa , Ghochani Ghazal 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To quantify the effects of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) on corneal clarity and densitometry of patients with long-standing pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) complicated with subepithelial fibrosis.

Methods:
Thirty-four eyes with PBK complicated with corneal edema for more than 6 months and subepithelial fibrosis were enrolled. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination and corneal densitometry module of Pentacam HR, before and 1, 3, and 6 months after DSAEK.

Results:
Thirteen patients were excluded due to postoperative complications or missed to follow-up visits. Finally, twenty-one patients’ data were analyzed. Corneal densitometry measures significantly decreased in all three layers (anterior, central, and posterior) 3 and 6 months after surgery compared to preoperative values; however, the differences did not reach statistical significance in the 1st month. Moreover, densitometry measurements were significantly lower at month 6 compared to month 1, but not at month 3 compared to month 1. Corneal densitometry of the anterior layer was significantly higher than central and posterior layers in 2 mm and 6 mm zones preoperatively and at all postoperative visits. Corneal light backscatter of each three layers was not statistically different between 0–2 mm and 2–6 mm in all pre- and postoperative visits.

Conclusions:
Corneal densitometry in cases of PBK begins to improve after DSAEK in different layers in a slow and continued trend which takes up to 6 months for an effect to be seen. Interestingly, this improvement is possible even in complicated corneas with long-standing edema. Hence, corneal densitometry can be used as an objective method for quantification of the outcome of DSAEK in complicated cases of PBK.
Scientific Publications and Subject Clusters in the Field of Glaucoma: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Haseli-Mofrad Azadeh , Kalavani Arefeh , Shekofteh Maryam , Rajavi Zhale , Sabbaghi Hamideh , Safi Sare , Esfandiari Hamed 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To analyze the glaucoma research in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus to determine the top features, trends, and subject clusters.

Methods:
In this scientometric study, all glaucoma publications in Scopus and WoS were analyzed based on various characteristics such as authors, journals, and co-word analysis. Data analysis was conducted using both Excel and VOSviewer.

Results:
A gradual increase in the publication rate was found for articles in the field of glaucoma in both Scopus and WoS databases. In this regard, most publications were conducted in the USA and the University of California System. The co-word network was constituted of five clusters, including glaucoma, intraocular pressure, open-angle glaucoma, visual acuity, and optic disc. It showed that the top 10 highly cited articles were more addressed by epidemiologic studies.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study had a more precise vision of the previous research on the field of glaucoma. It also provided the possibility to discover hidden patterns and emerging events of a subject by explaining the most essential aspects of research and identifying the areas that need more research. The findings could be useful for authors and health policymakers in academia and countries.
Hypertension
Authors: Jung Eric E. , Ameri Hossein 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To describe the case of a 67-year-old female with proliferative retinopathy secondary to uncontrolled hypertension.

Methods:
Retrospective case report including multimodal imaging.

Results:
A 67-year-old female presented with mild vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, hard exudate of the left eye and hard exudate, copper wiring of vessels, and retinal hemorrhages in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography depicted macular edema of both eyes. Fluorescein angiography revealed large areas of peripheral retinal ischemia and neovascularization with multiple areas of vascular leakage in both eyes.

Conclusions:
Proliferative hypertensive retinopathy has been rarely reported in the literature. Our patient exhibited findings consistent with proliferative retinopathy secondary to hypertensive retinopathy.
Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination without Prior Systemic Antibiotics
Authors: Oraby Mohamed F. , Alrashidi Salah Aldin , Hagras Sherein Mahmoud 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To describe a case of bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) with no history of systemic infections or antibiotics intake before the attack.

Methods:
This study included the review of the clinical record of the patient.

Results:
A 29-year-old male was referred to the glaucoma clinic with presumed bilateral acute iridocyclitis with refractory glaucoma. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral pigment dispersion, marked iris transillumination, dense pigment deposition in the iridocorneal angle, and high intraocular pressure. The patient was diagnosed with BAIT and was followed for 5 months.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of BAIT can be elicited even without a prior history of systemic infection or antibiotics intake.
Lacrimal Canalicular Bypass Surgery with Autologous Superficial Temporal Artery Graft
Authors: Jamshidian-Tehrani Mansooreh , Kashkouli Mohsen Bahmani , Ghahvehchian Hossein , Amini Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To describe superficial temporal artery graft as a new autologous tissue to reconstruct the upper lacrimal drainage system.

Methods:
We explain the history of a 30-year-old female with upper lacrimal drainage system obstruction, in whom conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) failed to resolve epiphora. A superficial temporal artery graft was harvested, intubated with Masterka tube, and implanted between the conjunctiva and nasal cavity. Masterka was replaced with a thicker dummy tube 12 weeks postoperatively. The adequacy of the graft was checked with irrigation tests in follow-up visits from 1 to 26 months after the procedure.

Results:
Superficial temporal artery autograft successfully eliminated epiphora of the patient in whom (CDCR) with Jones tube failed to make her symptom free.

Conclusion:
Superficial temporal artery autograft as an autogenous tissue with adequate characteristics can be considered in selective patients of upper lacrimal obstruction to reconstruct the lacrimal drainage system.
Features and Frequency of Complications Among Pilgrims with Diabetes During Hajj
Authors: Yousuf Sanobia , Ahmedani Muhammad Y 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAim and Objective:To observe the features and frequency of complications among pilgrims with diabetes during Hajj.Materials and Methods:This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE). People with diabetes who visited the outpatient department of BIDE after Hajj were invited to participate in the study between August and September 2018 and 2019, respectively. Those who were not willing to participate or perform Hajj have been excluded. The data collection was done by using a predesigned, close-ended questionnaire, including demographic and clinical parameters, practice compliance toward management, and the frequency of complications that occurred during Hajj.Results:In this study, a total of one hundred and forty-one people with diabetes participated with a mean age of 55.41 ± 10.6 years. Out of these, 111 (78.7%) had visited their health care professionals for pre-Hajj consultation and education, 134 (95%) received their recommended vaccination, and 92 (65.2%) of the people had checked their HbA1c before going to perform Hajj. Diabetic foot problems were recorded in 27 (19.1%), and respiratory diseases were found in 18 (12.8%). A total of 38 (27%) of the study population have reported hypoglycemia, and 51 (36.4%) have reported hyperglycemia.Conclusion:In this study, a higher frequency of glycemic as well as foot complications was observed among pilgrims with diabetes. Pre-Hajj education is mandatory to prevent these avoidable problems.
Hemoglobin A1c to Detect Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Population of Wardha District in India
Authors: Gaidhane Shilpa , Sah Ranjit , Zahiruddin Quazi Syed , Khatib Nazli , Telrandhe Shital , Choudhari Sonali , Gaidhane Abhay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Global diabetes prevalence has doubled since 1980; India has the second-largest diabetic population. Nearly half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases go undiagnosed. This study assesses glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for diagnosing T2DM and prediabetes in at-risk individuals.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study in a rural area. We assessed glucose intolerance risk factors among 1353 individuals (age >20 years), categorizing participants into low and moderate–high risk using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS). For 363 participants with moderate- or high-T2DM risk, we evaluated fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin, and HbA1c. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) were constructed for HbA1c against gold standard fasting plasma glucose and 2-h-postload glucose to determine diagnostic accuracy and cut-point values for prediabetes and T2DM. We used decision curve analysis (DCA) to assess the utility of the new HbA1c cut point for T2DM diagnosis.

Results:
The prevalence of newly diagnosed T2DM and prediabetes was 44.63% (95% CI: 39.44–49.91) and 48.48% (95% CI: 43.24–53.76), respectively in people with moderate to high risk of T2DM on IDRS. On ROC, the area under the curve was 90.36% and 79.18%, respectively, reflecting high diagnostic accuracy. The optimum cut point of HbA1c for diagnosis of T2DM was 6.34%, with sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 94%, respectively. The HbA1c cut point for prediabetes was 5.65%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 75%, respectively. The new cut point of 6.34% on DCA gives substantial net benefit at a 40% probability risk, identifying 31 additional cases per 100 individuals at risk of T2DM and reducing the false positive by 47%.

Conclusion:
Our findings offer potential for developing a diagnostic protocol for T2DM and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose) using HbA1c cut-point in people with moderate- to high-T2DM risk in rural settings.
Development and Evaluation of an Edutainment Tool for Imparting Education and Awareness among Type 1 Diabetes Children in Qatar
Authors: Al Hamaq Abdulla , Elasyouti Ahmed A , Abou-Amona Rasha T , ElKhatib Nedaa G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Appropriate initial education for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is important to prevent late complications. However, type 1 children with diabetes do not appreciate traditional learning methods since they rarely contain the elements of fun and interactivity. In this study, we developed, implemented, and evaluated an edutainment tool for the initial education of type 1 children with diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
The Health Park pack is an edutainment tool that contains three games, two board games “The Health Park, Slides & Ladders” and one card game “Match-Up.” The games were designed to provide essential information about food, exercise, and insulin. A total of 46 children with T1DM evaluated the degree of entertainment, usability, and clinical usefulness of the games with the structured questionnaire.

Results:
More than 95% of T1DM children showed interest in the edutainment approach as the game was useful for initial education for T1DM. More than 90% agreed that they had fun playing the game, and 68% agreed to play the game again. The majority of them recommended the game to friends with diabetes and friends without diabetes.

Conclusion:
Using games could be an interesting edutainment tool for children with T1DM to motivate and educate them.
Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Before, During, and After the Lockdown Period
Authors: Çağlar Seda , Kaş Alay Gamze , Sağlık Dilek Sönmez , Karadede Huriye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAim and Objectives:Metabolic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) depends on many factors such as sleep patterns, eating habits, and exercise. The study aimed to determine the difficulties experienced by Turkish children with T1D and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the effects of the pandemic on children’s activities of daily living and physiologic parameters.Materials and Methods:This study, which was carried out with a descriptive and retrospective design, was conducted in the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. Data were obtained from 38 children with T1D and their parents who were followed up in this clinic between April 2020 and May 2022.Results:The mean age of the children was 14.79 ± 3.05 years, and 65.8% were diagnosed as having T1D 6 years or more ago. When the difficulties experienced by the children during lockdown were examined, it was determined that 50% had difficulties with eating and sleeping patterns. Compared with the other periods, the children’s compliance with diet and regular activity decreased significantly, their sleep duration and screen time increased significantly, and the frequency of communication with peers decreased significantly during lockdown (P< 0.001). It was observed that the mean body mass index (P< 0.001) and HbA1c levels (P= 0.02) of the children increased significantly in the full reopening period after lockdown compared with the prepandemic period and the lockdown period (P< 0.001), and the frequency of blood glucose monitoring was found to be higher during lockdown (P< 0.001).Conclusion:This study reflects how T1D management has changed between prepandemic, lockdown, and postpandemic periods and its impact on children with T1D. It appears that frequent follow-up of children has an effect on their glycemic control as well as long-term physiological parameters including sleep, exercise, and eating patterns.
Clinical and Biochemical Features Used to Classify Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Venkatesan Ulagamadesan , Amutha Anandakumar , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Mappillairajan Bagavandas , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The classification of diabetes into type-1 (T1D) and type-2 (T2D) is a critical step in tailoring effective treatment strategies. This distinction relies on a nuanced evaluation of clinical and biochemical features. While age at diagnosis, autoimmune markers, and beta-cell function are among the crucial clinical parameters, biochemical indicators like C-peptide levels and antibody analyses play a pivotal role. This review comprehensively examines the utility of these features in accurately categorizing individuals into T1D and T2D subtypes, providing valuable insights for clinical practice.
This scoping review systematically analyses 32 studies aimed at classifying T1D and T2D using various predictor variables. Clinical parameters including family history of diabetes, age at diagnosis, sex, history of insulin use, percent desirable weight or body mass index, waist, and blood pressure emerge as pivotal diagnostic tools. C-peptide measures, encompassing urinary C-peptide to creatinine ratio (UCPCR), and serum fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels further augment classification. Biochemical markers beyond C-peptide, such as serum level of adiponectin, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Total cholesterol, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), provide supplementary information for classification. Ketonuria and postglucagon or meal-stimulated C-peptide measurements contribute to nuanced classification, particularly in insulin-treated populations. Antibody analyses, particularly presence of GAD65, Zinc Transporter, and IA2 antibodies, highlight the autoimmune nature of T1D. In conclusion, this scoping review underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach that integrates clinical, biochemical, and immunological markers in accurately differentiating between T1D and T2D in clinical practice.