bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Facial Aging in Different Age and Gender Groups With Computed Tomography–Based Calvarium and Face Measurements
Authors: Nur Kuzan Beyza , Yusuf Kuzan Taha 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The human face is a complex area formed by the combination of many different components and varies among individuals according to gender, age, and ethnicity.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related changes in the facial and calvarial bones in a large sample of both genders.

METHODS
The retrospective study included nontraumatic brain computed tomography scans of 280 Turkish adults. Participants were divided into 7-decade groups with the age ranging from 20 to 89 years. Measurements of the face and calvaria were recorded, and calvarial volume was calculated. The relationship of these parameters with age and gender was examined.

RESULTS
Statistically significant differences were observed in all the facial and calvarial measurements, except the transverse diameter of the head, with increasing age in both genders. Regardless of age, no significant differences were found in facial and calvarial measurements between genders. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the calvarial volume in both genders after the seventh decade of life.

CONCLUSION
The structure of the face and calvarium continues to change and differentiate throughout life. Taking these changes into account during surgical and facial rejuvenation procedures can help predict outcomes and avoid the use of incorrect techniques.
Ultrasonographic Study of the Submandibular Gland for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Kim Soo-Bin , Hu Hyewon , An Hyo-Sang , Hidajat Inneke Jane , Lim Ting Song , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Hypertrophied submandibular glands provide a bulky contour to the lower face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, no studies have suggested injection points because of the lack of delicate anatomical information on the submandibular gland.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the optimal injection site for botulinum neurotoxin injections in the submandibular gland.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Anatomical considerations when injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the submandibular gland were determined using ultrasonography. The thickness of the submandibular gland, its depth from the skin surface, and the location of the vascular bundle were observed bilaterally in 42 participants. Two cadavers were dissected to measure the location of the submandibular gland corresponding to the ultrasonographic observation.

RESULTS
The thickest part of the submandibular gland measured 11.12 ± 2.46 in width with a depth of 4.63 ± 0.76. At the point where it crosses the line of the lateral canthus, it measured 5.53 ± 1.83 in width and 8.73 ± 1.64 in depth.

CONCLUSION
The authors suggest optimal injection sites based on external anatomical landmarks. These guidelines aim to maximize the effects of botulinum neurotoxin therapy by minimizing its deleterious effects, which can be useful in clinical settings.
Adult Day Services for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Westmore Megan R. , Anderson Keith A. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Adult day services (ADS) are therapeutic, social, and health-related activities that keep people in their homes, rather than institutional settings. While there is a growing body of literature on ADS for older adults, there is far less information available about ADS for younger adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDDs).

Method:
Researchers conducted a scoping review of 6 databases (892 total articles).

Results:
After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 74 full articles were reviewed, with 10 articles meeting study requirements. The research team found the literature is limited to simple descriptive reports or interventions that use ADS as a platform.

Conclusions:
Simply put, we know very little about the services provided to younger adults with IDD in ADS. Implications for future research are discussed, including the need to catalog the services offered in ADS for younger adults with IDD and to evaluate their impact on participant well-being.
Computed tomography on the 5th postoperative day helps distinguish grade C from grade B pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer
Authors: Vo Truong Quoc , Minh Tri Phan , Tran Long Cong Duy , Doan My Tien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Grade C pancreatic fistula (PF) is the most dangerous complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and had not been identified on the early postoperative day yet. In this study, we aimed to introduce a new approach to distinguish grade C from grade B PF by using features on the 5th postoperative day’s computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods
A bicentric prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2021 to October 2023 at the University Medical Center (UMC) and Cho Ray Hospital, Vietnam. Patients who diagnosed pancreatic fistula and underwent a CT scan on the 5th postoperative day were followed up within 90 days after PD. The characteristics of CT scan images were analyzed to differentiate both grades of PF.

Results
During 26 months, 77 patients with periampullary cancer underwent PD and met the criteria of the study (46 males, mean age: 57.1 ± 13.7). Of these, 52 patients had biochemical PF and 25 had CRPF (18 grade B PFs and 7 grade C PFs). Specifications on the 5th postoperative day’s CT scan that can discriminate grade C from grade B included fluid diffusing throughout abdomen, retroperitoneal abscess, hematoma beneath the liver, size of the fluid collection next to the pancreas (P = 0.031), and size of pancreatojejunostomy anastomosis dehiscence (P = 0.045).

Conclusions
Features on CT scan could be used to identify grade C pancreatic fistula from the 5th postoperative day. This result can help surgeons to make a plan for a careful follow-up and early reoperation for those patients.
Efficacy of the minimal-invasive vacuum-assisted biopsy under direct visualization with ultrasound for impalpable breast lesions in Taiwanese female: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Chen Sherry Ying-Hsuan , Moi Sin-Hua , Pan Mei-Ren , Chiang Chih-Po , Luo Chi-Wen , Lin Huei-Shan , Kao Chieh-Ni , Wu Cheng-Che , Li Chung-Liang , Shiau Jun-Ping , Yang Ping-Fu , Kan Jung-Yu , Chuang Chieh-Han , Shih Shen-Liang , Chen Fang-Ming , Hou Ming-Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Although surgical excisional biopsy provides robust diagnostic results, the ultrasound-assisted vacuum-assisted biopsy (VABB) offers an alternative for Asian candidates with dense breasts and lesions which cannot be approached by stereotactic biopsy. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of the ultrasound-assisted VABB for impalpable mammographic-detected lesions.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective case-control study is conducted in a group of Taiwanese female patients who have impalpable breast lesions such as microcalcifications at screening mammography that are limited to BI-RADS category 4. Specifically, the lesions are categorized into three groups: 4a, 4b, and 4c and the histology from B2 through B5. The cases underwent ultrasound-assisted VABB and the controls had lumpectomies. The diagnostic accuracy, rate of discordance, excited tumor size, and the proportion of cancer cases is evaluated and compared using Fisher’s exact test, Cohen’s kappa test, chi-Square test, and the use of IBM SPSS statistical programs.

Results
The histology of the majorities of the collected specimen is B2 benign fibrocystic changes (60–70%). In cases of patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer, most are ductal carcinoma in situ and early-stage diseases. The cancer risks for lesions categorized under BI-RADS 4a, 4b, and 4c, respectively, are consistent with clinical practice. Meanwhile, the diagnostic accuracy of VABB is similar to lumpectomy, as the histologic discordance rate did not differ significantly.

Conclusions
Ultrasound-assisted VABB does offer an option for patients who are not candidates for stereotactic biopsy, as it has shown to have noninferior diagnostic values and cosmetic benefits when compared to surgical excision. The use of sonography monitors the biopsy process and guides the needle insertion, which is thus capable of obtaining samples from multiple directions, without risking the pectoralis muscles underneath. However, VABB may be intended for biopsies in lower-risk findings such as BI-RADS category 4a because doubts persist as complete excisional rates are operator-dependent.
Evaluating the effects of hormone therapy termination on skeletal muscle and physical independence in postmenopausal women
Authors: Wullems Jorgen Antonin , Degens Hans , Morse Christopher Ian , Onambélé-Pearson Gladys Leopoldine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
In women, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle structure and function is accelerated after menopause, which implicates the role of decreased circulating estrogen levels. Indeed, boosting estrogen, by means of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), generally proves beneficial to skeletal muscle. The evidence regarding whether these benefits persist even after cessation of HT is limited, nor is it clear how physical behavior (PB) impacts on benefits. Hence, this exploratory study focused on the interplay between HT administration/cessation, PB and in vivo skeletal muscle structure and function.

Methods
Fifty healthy women (≥60 y) were included; 19 had an HT administration history (≥9 mo, with now ~8-y hiatus in treatment) and 31 no such history. On seven continuous days, PB data were collected using triaxial accelerometry and analyzed using compositional data analysis. Gastrocnemius medialis muscle volume, architecture, and function were determined using ultrasonography, electromyography, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and dynamometry. Current serum estradiol levels were measured using ELISA.

Results
Only fascicle length and duration of HT administration were positively associated. With respect to PB levels, we found a pattern suggesting greater vitality (higher physical activity and lower sedentarism) in previous HT users, compared with nonusers, despite the two groups currently no longer exhibiting significantly different levels of circulating estradiol.

Conclusions
After an 8-year hiatus in treatment, HT provides limited advantages in gastrocnemius medialis muscle properties. Interestingly, it perhaps enhances vitality despite prolonged cessation, which in the longer term would facilitate greater physical independence, especially considering the association of sedentary behavior with greater frailty.
“Micro–Viscous Fluid Control”: A Simple Homemade New Tool to Access Subretinal Space in a Controlled Way
Authors: Boral Subhendu Kumar , Dan Shouvick , Mitra Santanu 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To develop a simple tool to remove retained submacular perfluorocarbon liquid bubbles (R-PFCL) and to inject recombinant tissue plasminogen activator safely in subretinal space in submacular hematomas.

Method:
A retrospective, interventional study was performed where a simple homemade micro–viscous fluid control was developed to gain access to subretinal space in a controlled way. The rubber cap of the plunger of a 1-mL syringe was cut; this cut rubber cap of the plunger was fitted inside an empty 1-mL tuberculin syringe, and its end was fitted with the tubings of viscous fluid control of the vitrectomy machine. Now, viscous fluid control mode was activated by attaching a 38-G/41-G subretinal needle for extracting submacular PFCL bubbles (R-PFCL group, n = 12) and to deliver recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection in significant submacular hematomas cases (submacular hematomas group, n = 32). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography were analyzed. Follow-up was done for at least 6 months.

Results:
Vision improved from preoperative mean BCVA logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.99 (20/195) ± 0.27 to postoperative mean BCVA logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.75 (20/112) ± 0.21 (P-value < 0.05) in R-PFCL group and from preoperative mean BCVA logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.99 (20/1954) ± 0.75 to postoperative mean BCVA logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.75 (20/112) ± 0.37 (P-value < 0.001) in submacular hematomas group.

Conclusion:
Our homemade micro–viscous fluid control is a safe tool to extract retained submacular PFCL bubbles and to deliver a precise dose of subretinal drugs like recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for a subretinal hematoma in a controlled way.
VITREORETINAL OUTCOMES FOLLOWING SECONDARY INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION WITH PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY
Authors: Kaufmann Gabriel T. , Gupta Omesh , Yu Julia , Nguyen Michael , Lee Crystal Y. , Achuck Kathryn , Hsu Jason , Ho Allen , Regillo Carl , Garg Sunir , Klufas Michael A. , Mehta Sonia , Xu David , Cohen Michael , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Kuriyan Ajay , Starr Matthew R. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Retrospective cohort study of 561 adult patients undergoing secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by vitreoretinal surgeons at a single institution from April 2015 to December 2020.

Methods:
Patient historical factors, intraoperative/postoperative complications, and outcomes of IOL type (anterior chamber IOL versus scleral sutured IOL versus scleral fixated IOL versus. sulcus) were assessed. Primary outcomes were rates of postoperative retinal tears and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Secondary outcomes were rates of intraoperative endolaser, intraoperative retinal tear, and further IOL surgery.

Results:
The incidence of intraoperative retinal tears was 7.3% and not significantly different between techniques. Rates of intraoperative endolaser use were 17.5% among all techniques and not significantly different between techniques. Rates of postoperative retinal tear were low (0%–2.7%). Rates of postoperative rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were not significantly different between techniques (anterior chamber IOL 9/198 [4.5%], SFIOL 1/54 [1.9%], scleral sutured IOL 14/274 [5.1%], sulcus 2/35 [5.7%], total 26/561 [4.6%], P = 0.79). Rates of repeat IOL surgery trended higher in sulcus lenses (anterior chamber IOL 5/198 [2.5%], SFIOL 4/54 [7.4%], scleral sutured IOL 16/274 [5.8%], sulcus 5/35 [14.3%], total 30/561 [5.3%], P = 0.12).

Conclusion:
Intraoperative endolaser use and intraoperative retinal tear are not uncommon in secondary IOL surgery and underscore the importance of careful vitreoretinal management among these patients.
PEDICLE TRANSPOSITION FLAP, INVERTED FLAP, FREE FLAP, AND STANDARD PEEL FOR LARGE FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Macchi Iacopo , Huelin Fernando J. , Young-Zvandasara Tafadzwa , Di Simplicio Sandro , Kadhim Mustafa R. , Chawla Harshika , Hillier Roxane J. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To compare anatomical and functional outcomes of four different techniques for the treatment of large idiopathic full-thickness macular holes.

Methods:
This single-center retrospective study included 129 eyes of 126 patients with large (>500 µm) full-thickness macular holes who presented between January 2018 and October 2022. All patients underwent 23/25 G vitrectomy and gas with standard internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel, pedicle transposition, inverted, or free flap technique. Postoperative optical coherence tomography images were assessed by two independent masked graders.

Results:
Mean age was 73.2 years (SD 8.4) with a median F/U of 5 months (IQR 8). The overall anatomical success rate was 81%; it was significantly lower (59%) for the standard ILM peel (P < 0.0001). The pedicle transposition flap showed superior visual recovery compared with the free flap (+27 vs. +12 ETDRS letters, P = 0.02). At 3 months, restoration of the external limiting membrane was significantly better for the pedicle transposition flap compared with free flap and standard ILM peel (P = 0.008 and P = 0.03) and superior to all the other techniques at 6 months (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, and P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
Standard ILM peel alone offers inferior outcomes for the management of large full-thickness macular holes. Of the alternative ILM techniques, despite similar closure rates, foveal microstructural recovery is most complete following the pedicle transposition flap and least complete following the free flap.
THE IMPACT OF EARLY SURGICAL INTERVENTION ON ANISEIKONIA IN PATIENTS WITH EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Choi Jaehwan , Lim Seul Gi , Kang Se Woong , Kim Sang Jin , Son Ki Young , Hwang Sungsoon 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the efficacy of early surgical intervention in ameliorating aniseikonia among patients with epiretinal membrane.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study enrolled patients who underwent surgery for epiretinal membrane. Patients were divided into early (symptom onset within 1 year) and late (symptom onset ≥1 year) treatment groups. Changes in aniseikonia, best-corrected visual acuity, and tangential retinal displacement were assessed and compared at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
Of the 56 patients, 30 (53.6%) belonged to the early treatment group and 26 (46.4%) to the late treatment group. The early treatment group demonstrated a significant reduction in aniseikonia score at 6- and 12-month follow-up visits (−1.10 ± 1.50 [P = 0.002] and −1.18 ± 1.79 [P = 0.003], respectively); however, no improvement was observed in the late treatment group (0.98 ± 4.62 [P = 0.310] and 1.52 ± 4.35 [P = 0.124], respectively). The early treatment group showed larger tangential retinal displacement at the 12-month postoperative follow-up visit. In addition, the amount of tangential retinal displacement was associated with postoperative changes in aniseikonia.

Conclusion:
Early surgical intervention is helpful in improving aniseikonia in patients with epiretinal membrane. The degree of recovery in inner retinal displacement was associated with the improvement of aniseikonia.
Combined Amniotic Membrane Graft and Autologous Retinal Transplant for Repair of Refractory Chronic Myopic Macular Holes
Authors: Tauqeer Zujaja , Park Jong , Mahmoud Tamer H. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To report a technique for reconstruction of large, persistent, chronic, myopic macular holes using a combined human amniotic membrane graft and autologous retinal transplant (AMN-ART).

Methods:
Three patients with large, myopic macular holes that failed prior surgical attempts and underwent subretinal amniotic membrane graft with overlying autologous retinal transplant and short-term perfluorocarbon tamponade. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity (VA) and images were analyzed at 3, 6, and 9 months.

Results:
All 3 myopic macular holes remained closed at 9 months with resolution of central scotoma. The first case, a 69-year-old female, presented with a persistent macular hole whose minimum linear diameter was 1085 μm. Her pre-op VA of 20/200 improved by 9 months to 20/100. Secondly, a 72-year-old male with history of recurrent retinal detachment repair with silicone oil and persistent macular hole of 1134 μm presented with pre-op VA of 20/200, which was unchanged at 9 months. Lastly, a 76-year-old female with a persistent macular hole of 935 μm with preop VA of 20/80 improved by 9 months post-op to 20/50. No complications were encountered related to the grafts.

Conclusion:
Combined AMN-ART may provide a surgical option for repair of refractory, large, chronic myopic macular holes with underlying atrophy.
Decellularized Descemet Membrane Anterior Keratoplasty With Allogeneic Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation for Partial Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Following Partial Keratolimbal Allograft Failure
Authors: Cheung Albert Y. , Reinisch Cameron B. , Hou Joshua H. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the use of Descemet membrane anterior keratoplasty (DMAK) with modified allogeneic simple limbal epithelial transplantation to treat a case of partial limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) following keratolimbal allograft failure.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 21-year-old woman with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome–related LSCD presented with pain and decreased vision. There was partial failure and recurrence of LSCD after a severe/acute keratolimbal allograft rejection that led to persistent epithelial defects refractory to conservative therapy. This was treated with a superficial keratectomy and placement of a DMAK. A modified allogeneic simple limbal epithelial transplantation was performed with an overlying amniotic membrane and temporary tarsorrhaphy. There was epithelialization of the corneal surface by 3 to 4 weeks with an improved ocular surface. Despite partial recurrence of late staining, the cornea has remained epithelized, vision has improved, and the patient has remained pain-free more than 1.5 years following the procedure.

Conclusions:
DMAK may be a long-term substrate to help improve and maintain epithelization of the cornea up to 1.5 years. DMAK may be a viable alternative to using amniotic membrane as a scaffold in allogeneic simple limbal epithelial transplantation for treatment of partial LSCD. While late epithelial staining recurred in our patient, DMAK appears to prevent recurrent epithelial defects and reduce ocular surface pain, conveying an improvement in quality of life in patients at high risk of rejection/failure.
Association of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1 levels with social determinants of health and coronary artery disease mortality in the United Kingdom Biobank – is there a need for consideration?
Authors: Füller David , Liu Chang , Desai Shivang R. , Vatsa Nishant , Sun Yan V. , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: May 2024

Background
A higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has previously been shown to be associated with adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) and to explain some of their impact on cardiovascular risk. Whether there is a relationship between lipid parameters, specifically apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), their ratio (apoB/apoA1), and SDoH, and whether coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality risk associated with circulating apoB and apoA1 is modified by SDoH was unclear.

Methods
We investigated associations of apoA1, apoB, and apoB/apoA1 with the level of education and household income and their joint impact on CAD mortality in participants of the UK Biobank (UKB) with and without prevalent CAD at enrollment. Hazard ratios for CAD mortality were estimated after adjusting for SDoH and clinical covariates.

Results
In 292 804 participants without established CAD, apoB, and the apoB/apoA1 ratio were inversely associated with level of education and household income, whereas apoA1 was positively associated with household income. Adjustment for education level and household income coupled with the number of people living in the household did not attenuate the association between the apolipoprotein levels and incident CAD mortality rates. In a cohort of 13 826 participants with prevalent CAD, apoA1 levels were inversely associated with level of education. Higher apoB levels were only associated with greater CAD mortality risk after adjustment for risk factors. Risk estimation for CAD death through circulating apoA1 levels requires accounting for significant differences by sex.

Conclusion
Circulating lipid parameters are associated with SDoH in individuals without CAD. CAD mortality risk estimation through apoA1 and apoB levels does not require accounting for SDoH.