bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Center’s Blood Glucose Management Service
Authors: Feigenbaum Kathryn , Brooks Pamela G. , Chamberlain Christine E. , Cochran Elaine , Adams-McLean Allison , Malek Rana , Harlan David M. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose Blood glucose management in the inpatient setting has been shown to be crucial to patient outcomes. As the evidence develops to determine best clinical practices for achieving inpatient glycemic goals, the Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health has implemented a streamlined multidisciplinary approach to managing blood glucose levels for hospitalized patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the blood glucose management service at the Clinical Center. Conclusion The blood glucose management service has established a consistent plan of care for diabetes management that has gained acceptance among staff and patients and improved safety and patient outcomes. This plan of care has been applied across various nursing units that serve patient populations on clinical research trials investigating common and rare diseases and treating patients from the United States and around the world.
Quality of Life After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Chung Seok Won , Park Ji Soon , Kim Sae Hoon , Shin Seung Han , Oh Joo Han 
Published: December 2011

Background: Despite its importance, few studies regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after rotator cuff repair have been reported. Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of rotator cuff repair in terms of HRQOL using SF-36 and to analyze factors affecting postoperative HRQOL. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We included 309 patients who were followed-up for a mean 26.3 months (range, 12-48 months) after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, between November 2004 and August 2008, and who underwent periodic measurement of HRQOL using SF-36 preoperatively, 1 year postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. The correlation between SF-36 and shoulder-specific functional outcome measures (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], Simple Shoulder Test [SST], and Constant score) was evaluated using correlation analysis, and the relationship between various clinical factors, including rotator cuff healing and HRQOL, was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The SF-36 scores for physical HRQOL and mental HRQOL showed significant improvement, from 40.40 to 47.53 and from 44.45 to 50.55 at 12 months after surgery, respectively (all P < .001), and improvement was maintained with 48.24 and 50.45, respectively, at the final follow-up (all P < .001). Scores also showed improvement according to all clinical variables, even after stratification of each variable. The correlation between SF-36 and shoulder-specific functional outcome measures was fair to moderate (Pearson correlation coefficients, 0.199-0.528). Various factors had significant effects on preoperative physical and mental HRQOL; however, postoperatively (at 12 months and final follow-up, respectively), only older age ( P = .008 and .013), female sex ( P = .036 and .043), presence of diabetes ( P = .026 and .027), and low level of sports activity ( P = .049 at final follow-up) had a negative effect on postoperative physical HRQOL in multivariate analysis, and female sex ( P = .010 and .001) was the only factor leading to worse postoperative mental HRQOL. Conclusion: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair significantly improved the patients’ HRQOL both physically and mentally. Older age, female sex, diabetes, and low level of sports activity were related to low postoperative physical HRQOL, and female sex was also related to low postoperative mental HRQOL.
Clinical Results and Risk Factors for Reinjury 15 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Leys Toby , Salmon Lucy , Waller Alison , Linklater James , Pinczewski Leo 
Published: December 2011

Background: There is a lack of prospective studies comparing the long-term outcome of endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with either a patellar tendon or hamstring tendon autograft. Purpose: This prospective longitudinal study compared the results of isolated endoscopic ACL reconstruction utilizing a 4-strand hamstring tendon (HT) or patellar tendon (PT) autograft over a 15-year period with respect to reinjury, clinical outcomes, and the development of osteoarthritis. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Ninety consecutive patients with isolated ACL rupture were reconstructed with a PT autograft, and 90 patients received an HT autograft, with an identical surgical technique. Patients were assessed at 2, 5, 7, 10, and 15 years. Assessment included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) knee ligament evaluation including radiographic evaluation, KT-1000 arthrometer testing, and Lysholm knee score. Results: Patients who received the PT graft had significantly worse outcomes compared with those who received the HT graft at 15 years for the variables of radiologically detectable osteoarthritis (grade A: 46% in PT and 69% in HT; P = .04), motion loss (extension deficit <3°: 79% in PT and 94% in HT; P = .03), single-legged hop test (grade A: 65% in PT and 92% in HT; P = .001), participation in strenuous activity (very strenuous or strenuous: 62% of PT and 77% of HT; P = .04), and kneeling pain (moderate or greater pain: 42% of PT and 26% of HT; P = .04). There was no significant difference between the HT and PT groups in overall IKDC grade (grade A: 47% of PT and 57% of HT; P = .35). An ACL graft rupture occurred in 17% of the HT group and 8% of the PT group ( P = .07). An ACL graft rupture was associated with nonideal tunnel position (odds ratio [OR], 5.0) and male sex (OR, 3.2). Contralateral ACL rupture occurred in significantly more PT patients (26%) than HT patients (12%) ( P = .02) and was associated with age ≤18 years (OR, 4.1) and the PT graft (OR, 2.6). Conclusion: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral autograft continues to show excellent results in terms of patient satisfaction, symptoms, function, activity level, and stability. The use of HT autograft does, however, show better outcomes than the PT autograft in all of these outcome measures. Additionally, at 15 years, the HT graft–reconstructed ACLs have shown a lower rate of radiological osteoarthritis.
A tract-based diffusion study of cerebral white matter in neuromyelitis optica reveals widespread pathological alterations
Authors: Liu Yaou , Duan Yunyun , He Yong , Yu Chunshui , Wang Jun , Huang Jing , Ye Jing , Butzkueven Helmut , Li Kuncheng , Shu Ni 
Published: December 2011

Background: It remains uncertain whether neuromyelitis optica (NMO) exhibits diffuse cerebral abnormalities or whether the pathology is truly restricted to optic nerves and spinal cord in the majority of cases. We examined NMO patients with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and utilized a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method to analyze the data. Methods: Twenty-seven NMO patients (25 females, age mean ± SD: 35.1 ± 12 years) and 27 age- and sex-matched normal controls were included in this study. Voxel-wise analyses were performed with TBSS using multiple diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (λ1) and radial diffusivity (λ23). Results: The NMO patients had significantly increased MD (3.6%), λ1 (2.6%) and λ23 (4.6%) in their white matter (WM) skeletons compared with the controls. Furthermore, TBSS analyses revealed significantly ( p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) increased diffusivities (MD, λ1 and λ23) in many cerebral WM tracts in the patients with NMO, including the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi, corpus callosum, cingulum bundles, corticospinal tracts, optic radiation, uncinate fasciculi, fornices, internal capsules, external capsules and cerebral peduncles. Exploratory analyses also revealed the possible associations between WM diffusion changes (MD, λ1 and λ23) and clinical variables (Expanded Disability Status Scale and disease duration) in the patients. Conclusions: This study provided imaging evidence for widespread cerebral WM abnormalities. While these findings require independent replication, they potentially signify the presence of widespread, low-grade cerebral pathology in NMO.
Analysis and quantification of systems – a formalized definition of reliability topologies and characteristic values for system quantification
Authors: Junglas M , Kazeminia A , Eick R , Soeffker D 
Published: December 2011

The necessity for analysis, quantification, and optimization of mechatronic systems is growing in importance. Mechatronic systems combine methods and approaches from the mechanical, the electrical, and the information science domains. To make quantification of systems possible, the interfaces between these domains have to be described in a reusable manner. Especially during the development process, mechatronic systems need to be quantified with respect to their reliability characteristics. Decisions at an early design phase with respect to topology and hardware parameters regarding satisfying the requirements have to be quantified with respect to their reliability properties. The strongest requirements by law are focused on reliability and safety-oriented aspects of safety-relevant systems or components. This approach introduces a method supporting reliability evaluation from the early stage of design through to production. Here a new form of system structure description is introduced. This allows for the description of conflicts between several additional aspects such as cost and spatial needs, and possibly the consideration of alternatives. Based on the previously-mentioned description, parametrical and structural optimization can be realized, which will be the focus of forthcoming papers. This paper describes the necessary formal step from system specification to the formal system description. During the design stage, when relevant system factors are determined, the system architecture is designed and a function-oriented topology tree is generated. The development of a reliability-oriented topology, considering the reliability-oriented aspects, can be carried out. In particular, costs, as important parameters for decisions about product design and production, can be integrated and considered. This approach deals with the formalized quantification of system reliability-related topology and related interdependencies with respect to the reliability characteristics. Therefore all domains of the mechatronic systems are considered.
The phosducin-like protein PhLP1 impacts regulation of glycoside hydrolases and light response in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Tisch Doris , Kubicek Christian P , Schmoll Monika 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
In the biotechnological workhorse Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) transcription of cellulase genes as well as efficiency of the secreted cellulase mixture are modulated by light. Components of the heterotrimeric G-protein pathway interact with light-dependent signals, rendering this pathway a key regulator of cellulase gene expression.

Results
As regulators of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling, class I phosducin-like proteins, are assumed to act as co-chaperones for G-protein beta-gamma folding and exert their function in response to light in higher eukaryotes. Our results revealed light responsive transcription of the T. reesei class I phosducin-like protein gene phlp1 and indicate a light dependent function of PhLP1 also in fungi. We showed the functions of PhLP1, GNB1 and GNG1 in the same pathway, with one major output being the regulation of transcription of glycoside hydrolase genes including cellulase genes in T. reesei. We found no direct correlation between the growth rate and global regulation of glycoside hydrolases, which suggests that regulation of growth does not occur only at the level of substrate degradation efficiency.
Additionally, PhLP1, GNB1 and GNG1 are all important for proper regulation of light responsiveness during long term exposure. In their absence, the amount of light regulated genes increased from 2.7% in wild type to 14% in Δphlp1. Besides from the regulation of degradative enzymes, PhLP1 was also found to impact on the transcription of genes involved in sexual development, which was in accordance with decreased efficiency of fruiting body formation in Δphlp1. The lack of GNB1 drastically diminished ascospore discharge in T. reesei.

Conclusions
The heterotrimeric G-protein pathway is crucial for the interconnection of nutrient signaling and light response of T. reesei, with the class I phosducin-like protein PhLP1, GNB1 and GNG1 acting as important nodes, which influence light responsiveness, glycoside hydrolase gene transcription and sexual development.
The nestin-expressing and non-expressing neurons in rat basal forebrain display different electrophysiological properties and project to hippocampus
Authors: Zhu Jianhua , Gu Huaiyu , Yao Zhibin , Zou Juntao , Guo Kaihua , Li Dongpei , Gao Tianming 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Nestin-immunoreactive (nestin-ir) neurons have been identified in the medial septal/diagonal band complex (MS/DBB) of adult rat and human, but the significance of nestin expression in functional neurons is not clear. This study investigated electrophysiological properties and neurochemical phenotypes of nestin-expressing (nestin+) neurons using whole-cell recording combined with single-cell RT-PCR to explore the significance of nestin expression in functional MS/DBB neurons. The retrograde labelling and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the nestin+ neuron related circuit in the septo-hippocampal pathway.

Results
The results of single-cell RT-PCR showed that 87.5% (35/40) of nestin+ cells expressed choline acetyltransferase mRNA (ChAT+), only 44.3% (35/79) of ChAT+ cells expressed nestin mRNA. Furthermore, none of the nestin+ cells expressed glutamic acid decarboxylases 67 (GAD67) or vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT) mRNA. All of the recorded nestin+ cells were excitable and demonstrated slow-firing properties, which were distinctive from those of GAD67 or VGLUT mRNA-positive neurons. These results show that the MS/DBB cholinergic neurons could be divided into nestin-expressing cholinergic neurons (NEChs) and nestin non-expressing cholinergic neurons (NNChs). Interestingly, NEChs had higher excitability and received stronger spontaneous excitatory synaptic inputs than NNChs. Retrograde labelling combined with choline acetyltransferase and nestin immunofluorescence showed that both of the NEChs and NNChs projected to hippocampus.

Conclusions
These results suggest that there are two parallel cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathways that may have different functions. The significance of nestin expressing in functional neurons has been discussed.
The association of APE1 −656T > G and 1349 T > G polymorphisms and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 37 case-control studies
Authors: Zhou Bin , Shan Hailin , Su Ying , Xia Kai , Shao Xiaxia , Mao Weidong , Shao Qing 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) is an important DNA repair protein in the base excision repair pathway. Polymorphisms in APE1 have been implicated in susceptibility to cancer; however, results from the published studies remained inconclusive. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between polymorphisms in APE1 and the risk for cancer.

Methods
The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for case-control studies published up to June, 2011 that investigated APE1 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the associations.

Results
Two polymorphisms (−656 T > G, rs1760944 and 1349 T > G, rs1130409) in 37 case-control studies including 15, 544 cancer cases and 21, 109 controls were analyzed. Overall, variant genotypes (GG and TG/GG) of −656 T > G polymorphism were associated with significantly decreased cancer risk in homozygote comparison (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.67-0.97), dominant model comparison (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.81-0.97) and recessive model comparison (OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.82-0.98), whereas the 1349 T > G polymorphism had no effects on overall cancer risk. In the stratified analyses for −656 T > G polymorphism, there was a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer and among Asian populations.

Conclusions
Although some modest bias could not be eliminated, the meta-analysis suggests that APE1 −656 T > G polymorphism has a possible protective effect on cancer risk particularly among Asian populations whereas 1349 T > G polymorphism does not contribute to the development of cancer.
Downregulation of SAV1 plays a role in pathogenesis of high-grade clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Matsuura Keiko , Nakada Chisato , Mashio Mizuho , Narimatsu Takahiro , Yoshimoto Taichiro , Tanigawa Masato , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Hijiya Naoki , Takeuchi Ichiro , Nomura Takeo , Sato Fuminori , Mimata Hiromitsu , Seto Masao , Moriyama Masatsugu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Clinical outcome of patients with high-grade ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma) remains still poor despite recent advances in treatment strategies. Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis in developing high-grade ccRCC must be clarified. In the present study, we found that SAV1 was significantly downregulated with copy number loss in high-grade ccRCCs. Therefore, we investigated the SAV1 function on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we attempted to clarify the downstream signaling which is regulated by SAV1.

Methods
We performed array CGH and gene expression analysis of 8 RCC cell lines (786-O, 769-P, KMRC-1, KMRC-2, KMRC-3, KMRC-20, TUHR4TKB, and Caki-2), and expression level of mRNA was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. We next re-expressed SAV1 in 786-O cells, and analyzed its colony-forming activity. Then, we transfected siRNAs of SAV1 into the kidney epithelial cell line HK2 and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs), and analyzed their proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, the activity of YAP1, which is a downstream molecule of SAV1, was evaluated by western blot analysis, reporter assay and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results
We found that SAV1, a component of the Hippo pathway, is frequently downregulated in high-grade ccRCC. SAV1 is located on chromosome 14q22.1, where copy number loss had been observed in 7 of 12 high-grade ccRCCs in our previous study, suggesting that gene copy number loss is responsible for the downregulation of SAV1. Colony-forming activity by 786-O cells, which show homozygous loss of SAV1, was significantly reduced when SAV1 was re-introduced exogenously. Knockdown of SAV1 promoted proliferation of HK2 and RPTEC. Although the phosphorylation level of YAP1 was low in 786-O cells, it was elevated in SAV1-transduced 786-O cells. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of the YAP1 and TEAD3 complex was inhibited in SAV1-transduced 786-O cells. Immunohistochemistry frequently demonstrated nuclear localization of YAP1 in ccRCC cases with SAV1 downregulation, and it was preferentially detected in high-grade ccRCC.

Conclusions
Taken together, downregulation of SAV1 and the consequent YAP1 activation are involved in the pathogenesis of high-grade ccRCC. It is an attractive hypothesis that Hippo signaling could be candidates for new therapeutic target.
℮-conome: an automated tissue counting platform of cone photoreceptors for rodent models of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Clérin Emmanuelle , Wicker Nicolas , Mohand-Saïd Saddek , Poch Olivier , Sahel José-Alain , Léveillard Thierry 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by the sequential loss of rod and cone photoreceptors. The preservation of cones would prevent blindness due to their essential role in human vision. Rod-derived Cone Viability Factor is a thioredoxin-like protein that is secreted by rods and is involved in cone survival. To validate the activity of Rod-derived Cone Viability Factors (RdCVFs) as therapeutic agents for treating retinitis Pigmentosa, we have developed e-conome, an automated cell counting platform for retinal flat mounts of rodent models of cone degeneration. This automated quantification method allows for faster data analysis thereby accelerating translational research.

Methods
An inverted fluorescent microscope, motorized and coupled to a CCD camera records images of cones labeled with fluorescent peanut agglutinin lectin on flat-mounted retinas. In an average of 300 fields per retina, nine Z-planes at magnification X40 are acquired after two-stage autofocus individually for each field. The projection of the stack of 9 images is subject to a threshold, filtered to exclude aberrant images based on preset variables. The cones are identified by treating the resulting image using 13 variables empirically determined. The cone density is calculated over the 300 fields.

Results
The method was validated by comparison to the conventional stereological counting. The decrease in cone density in rd1 mouse was found to be equivalent to the decrease determined by stereological counting. We also studied the spatiotemporal pattern of the degeneration of cones in the rd1 mouse and show that while the reduction in cone density starts in the central part of the retina, cone degeneration progresses at the same speed over the whole retinal surface. We finally show that for mice with an inactivation of the Nucleoredoxin-like genes Nxnl1 or Nxnl2 encoding RdCVFs, the loss of cones is more pronounced in the ventral retina.

Conclusion
The automated platform ℮-conome used here for retinal disease is a tool that can broadly accelerate translational research for neurodegenerative diseases.
Prognostic factors for disability claim duration due to musculoskeletal symptoms among self-employed persons
Authors: Richter JM , Blatter BM , Heinrich J , de Vroome EMM , Anema JR 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Employees and self-employed persons have, among others, different personal characteristics and different working conditions, which may influence the prognosis of sick leave and the duration of a disability claim. The purpose of the current study is to identify prognostic factors for the duration of a disability claim due to non-specific musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among self-employed persons in the Netherlands.

Methods
The study population consisted of 276 self-employed persons, who all had a disability claim episode due to MSD with at least 75% work disability. The study was a cohort study with a follow-up period of 12 months. At baseline, participants filled in a questionnaire with possible individual, work-related and disease-related prognostic factors.

Results
The following prognostic factors significantly increased claim duration: age > 40 years (Hazard Ratio 0.54), no similar symptoms in the past (HR 0.46), having long-lasting symptoms of more than six months (HR 0.60), self-predicted return to work within more than one month or never (HR 0.24) and job dissatisfaction (HR 0.54).

Conclusions
The prognostic factors we found indicate that for self-employed persons, the duration of a disability claim not only depends on the (history of) impairment of the insured, but also on age, self-predicted return to work and job satisfaction.