bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term increase in mesozooplankton biomass in the Sargasso Sea: Linkage to climate and implications for food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling
Authors: Steinberg Deborah K. , Lomas Michael W. , Cope Joseph S. 
Published: November 2011

Changes in zooplankton biomass and species composition over long time scales can have significant effects on biogeochemical cycling and transfer of energy to higher trophic levels. We analyzed size‐fractionated mesozooplankton biomass (>200μm) from biweekly to monthly day and night tows taken from 1994 to 2010 in the epipelagic zone at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study (BATS) site in the oligotrophic North Atlantic subtropical gyre. During this 17‐year period total mesozooplankton biomass increased 61% overall, although a few short‐term downturns occurred over the course of the time series. The overall increase was higher in the nighttime compared to daytime, resulting in an increase in calculated diel vertical migrator biomass. The largest seasonal increase in total biomass was in the late‐winter to spring (February–April). Associated with the larger increase in late‐winter/spring biomass was a shift in the timing of annual peak biomass during the latter half of the time series (from March/April to a distinct March peak for all size fractions combined, and April to March for the 2–5 mm size fractions). Zooplankton biomass was positively correlated with sea‐surface temperature, water column stratification, and primary production, and negatively correlated with mean temperature between 300 and 600 m. Significant correlations exist between multidecadal climate indices–the North Atlantic Oscillation plus three different Pacific Ocean climate indices, and BATS zooplankton biomass, indicating connections between patterns in climate forcing and ecosystem response. Resultant changes in biogeochemical cycling include an increase in the magnitude of both active carbon flux by diel vertical migration and passive carbon flux of fecal pellets as components of the export flux. The most likely mechanism driving the zooplankton biomass increase is bottom‐up control by smaller phytoplankton, which has also increased in biomass and production at BATS, translating up the microbial food web into mesozooplankton. Decreases in top‐down control or expansion of the range of tropical species northward as a result of warming may also play a role.
First Report of Bacterial Streak of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in California Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii
Authors: Jardini T. M. , Koike S. T. , Bull C. T. 
Published: November 2011

A previously undescribed disease appeared on commercially grown fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in Salinas (Monterey County), CA in March 2010. Initial symptoms consisted of small, dark brown-to-black lesions on leaves and stems. As disease progressed, lesions expanded in a linear fashion and eventually spread down the stems and into the bulbs. Once the disease reached the fennel bulbs, the plants were unmarketable. Eighteen, gram-negative, blue-fluorescing bacterial isolates were obtained on sucrose peptone agar from individual plants of two outbreaks from different fields in Salinas. The isolates were dome shaped on sucrose-amended media and produced necrotic lesions when injected into tobacco. Isolates were oxidase negative and did not rot potatoes or hydrolyze arginine. These reactions corresponded to Lelliot's group 1, which includes Pseudomonas syringae (2). The fennel isolates were identical to recently characterized isolates of P. syringae pv. apii from parsley grown in coastal California (1) and similar to the pathotype strain of P. syringae pv. apii according to DNA fragment banding patterns of amplicons generated from repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (rep)-PCR using the BOXA1R primer. The isolates were distinct from the pathotype strain P. syringae pv. coriandricola. Like P. syringae pv. apii, the fennel isolates did not nucleate ice but did hydrolyze gelatine. Six isolates were tested for pathogenicity in each of two independent experiments with a total of six replications per isolate. Healthy, potted fennel plant stems of a proprietary cultivar were pierced once with insect display pins that had been dipped into bacterial colonies grown for 48 h on nutrient agar. Control stems were inoculated with sterile pins. Plants were incubated for 48 h at 100% relative humidity and then held in a greenhouse. After 4 to 6 days, inoculated fennel plants developed symptoms similar to those originally observed in the field. Bacteria isolated from surface-disinfested symptomatic tissue were fluorescent and identical to strains used to inoculate plants as evaluated by rep-PCR, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Control plants remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathogen causing a disease on fennel; the disease has been named bacterial streak. The disease occurred in three fields in 2010 and incidence was <1% in each case. Similar symptoms were also observed on fennel in the 2011 season in at least two fields. Previously, the host range of P. syringae pv. apii was reported to be restricted to celery. This research expands the natural host range of P. syringae pv. apii; thus, care should be taken in choosing Apiaceae crops for plantings subsequent to the occurrence of this pathogen. References: (1) C. T. Bull et al. Phytopathology 101:847, 2011. (2) R. A. Lelliott. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966.
Simulating hypoxia and modelling the airway
Authors: Farmery A. D. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryApnoea due to airway obstruction is an ever present concern in anaesthesia and critical care practice and results in rapid development of hypoxaemia that is not always remediable by manual bag‐mask ventilation. As it is often difficult or impossible to study experimentally (although some historical animal data exist), it is useful to model the kinetics of hypoxaemia following airway obstruction. Despite being a complex event, the consequences of airway obstruction can be predicted with reasonable fidelity using mathematical and computer modelling. Over the last 15 years, a number of high fidelity mathematical and computer models have been developed, that have thrown light on this important event.
An evidence‐based approach to airway management: is there a role for clinical practice guidelines?
Authors: Crosby E. T. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryComplications arising out of airway management represent an important cause of anaesthesia‐associated morbidity and mortality. Anaesthetic practice itself can lead to preventable harm, a particular example being persistent attempts at direct laryngoscopy, that results in delay in employing alternative strategies (or devices) when intubation is difficult. When patients are injured, expert review is called upon and often concludes that airway management provided by the anaesthetists was substandard. Many training programmes do not offer their trainees structured or organised teaching in airway management and many trainees probably enter practice with limited skills to deal with difficult airways. The literature on the management of the difficult airway in anaesthesia practice (especially as it relates to new technology and salvage strategies) is expanding rapidly. New technologies and practised response algorithms may be helpful in the management of the difficult airway, reducing the potential for adverse patient outcomes. Specialist societies and national interest groups can play an important role by critically reviewing and then applying the evidence base to generate clinical practice guidelines. The recommendations contained in such guidelines should be based on the most current evidence and they should be reviewed regularly for their content and continued relevance.
Dissecting T‐cell activation with high‐resolution live‐cell microscopy
Authors: Illingworth Joseph J. , van der Merwe P. Anton 
Published: November 2011

SummaryResults from live‐cell microscopy suggest that the behaviour of isolated components of the T‐cell activation machinery in vitro does not represent the reality inside cells. Understanding the cellular‐scale dynamics of microcluster migration can only be accomplished by in situ observation. Developments in ‘super‐resolution’ microscopy have permitted investigators to move beyond tracking the movements of individual molecules, allowing the recognition of protein islands and nanodomains present in quiescent and active T cells. Many high‐resolution techniques have their own susceptibilities to artefacts, so it is important to take a multifaceted approach to confirm results. A major challenge for the future will be to integrate all the new information into a coherent model of antigen recognition and T‐cell activation.
Associations between seasonal variations in day length (photoperiod), sleep timing, sleep quality and mood: a comparison between Ghana (5°) and Norway (69°)
Authors: FRIBORG ODDGEIR , BJORVATN BJØRN , AMPONSAH BENJAMIN , PALLESEN STÅLE 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe hypothesis of whether day length (photoperiod) is an important zeitgeber (time‐giver) for keeping the circadian rhythm entrained to a 24‐hour cycle was examined, as was its association with sleep patterns and mood problems. Data were collected prospectively from a site with very large differences in daylight duration across seasons (Tromsø in Norway, 69°39′N) and a site with very small seasonal differences in daylight duration (Ghana in Accra, 5°32′N). Two hundred subjects were recruited from both sites in January. At the follow‐up in August, 180 and 150 subjects in Ghana and Norway participated, respectively. Use of a weekly sleep diary indicated low to moderately strong seasonal changes in rise‐ and bedtime, sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency only in the northern latitude. No seasonal changes in sleep duration or night awakenings were observed. The self‐report measures indicated moderate to strong seasonal differences in insomnia and fatigue, and weaker differences in depressed mood in Norway, but small to non‐existing seasonal differences in Ghana. Lack of daylight was related to phase‐delayed rise‐ and bedtimes, increased problems falling asleep, daytime fatigue and depressive mood. However, total sleep duration and sleep quality appeared unaffected.
Patient involvement in mental health care: one size does not fit all
Authors: Tambuyzer Else , Pieters Guido , Van Audenhove Chantal 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground Involvement of mental health‐care patients in the decision‐making processes is considered to be an ethical requirement. Health‐care systems worldwide are increasingly emphasizing the value of participatory approaches. There is, however, no consensus on the definition of patient involvement. The literature is particularly inconsistent and lacks clarity.Objective The purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of patient involvement in mental health care (MHC), taking into account its multidimensional nature.Search strategy We searched the literature in online databases from January 1998 until August 2010 using synonyms of ‘patient involvement’, combined with the terms ‘mental health(care)’.Data synthesis Based on 45 different descriptions found in the literature, we constructed a definition of patient involvement and we drew up a model identifying its determinants and outcomes.Results We propose a comprehensive model of patient involvement to be used in MHC. This model can serve as a guide for policy makers and field workers to shape policies to stimulate involvement.Discussion and conclusions There are three main problems in the literature concerning patient involvement. First, there is a proliferation of conceptualizations of the topic, leading to conceptual vagueness. Furthermore, there is a lack of quantitative data, and some aspects of involvement remain underexposed, such as the involvement of specific target groups and practical ways to shape the involvement processes. Involvement processes should be tailored to the specific target group and context.
Pattern of moderate‐to‐severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in a selected hospital in China
Authors: Wang Yan‐hong , Lin Shou‐qing , Chen Rong , Benita Walton‐Moss 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim:  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a commonly encountered complaint among women. It may affect women's quality of life and reduce their occupational productivity. This study aims to describe the symptoms of moderate‐to‐severe PMS and to examine the onset, stability, and severity of PMS among Chinese women.Methods:  A descriptive study included 142 women with self‐reported PMS, aged 18–45 years, who were recruited by the Outpatient Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Premenstrual symptoms were retrospectively assessed by using screening questionnaires modified with the DSM‐IV. In total, 126 eligible subjects were asked to record their daily symptoms during two consecutive menstrual cycles by using a premenstrual syndrome diary (PMSD).Results:  Of 126 eligible subjects, 67 filled in the PMSD for two cycles. The median of total scores of PMSD peaked on the day before menses and dropped after the beginning of the menses. Mood swings were the most common moderate‐to‐severe symptom prospectively reported by the subjects. The symptoms of PMS were relatively consistent across the two cycles.Conclusions:  Women with moderate‐to‐severe PMS were vulnerable to psychological symptoms. Further studies are needed to understand the correlations between hormonal changes and the experience of symptoms related to the menstrual cycle.
Impacts of space, local environment and habitat connectivity on macrophyte communities in conservation lakes
Authors: O’Hare Matthew T. , Gunn Iain D. M. , Chapman Daniel S. , Dudley Bernard J. , Purse Bethan V. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim To assess the relative impacts of spatial, local environmental and habitat connectivity on the structure of aquatic macrophyte communities in lakes designated for their conservation value.Location Selected lakes of conservation importance all over Scotland, representing a wide variety of lake habitat types and associated macrophyte communities.Methods Local environmental variables and species occurrence were measured in the field. Spatial variables were generated using principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) analysis. Connectivity between each lake and its neighbours was defined as either (i) all lakes within a radius of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 or 100 km; (ii) all lakes in same river system; or (iii) all lakes in the same catchment and upstream of the lake. Using variance partitioning within canonical correspondence analysis, the relative impact of E = local environment, S = space and C = lake connectivity was compared on submerged (n = 119 lakes) and emergent (n = 96 lakes) macrophyte assemblages.Results Local environmental conditions, such as total phosphorus, alkalinity/conductivity and the presence of invasive species, as well as spatial gradients were key drivers of observed variation in macrophyte communities; e.g., for submerged macrophytes, a combination of local to moderate factors relating to water chemistry and broad‐scale gradients reflecting elevation and climate are important. Spatially structured environmental variables explained a large portion of observed variation.Main conclusions Our findings confirmed the need to manage local environmental pressures such as eutrophication, but suggested that the traditional catchment approach was insufficient. The spatial aggregation of environmental and connectivity factors indicated that a landscape scale approach should be used in lake management to augment the risk assessment to conservation species from the deterioration of suitable lake sites over broad biogeographic areas.
Field and action potential recordings in heart slices: correlation with established in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Himmel Herbert M , Bussek Alexandra , Hoffmann Michael , Beckmann Rolf , Lohmann Horst , Schmidt Matthias , Wettwer Erich 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Action potential (AP) recordings in ex vivo heart preparations constitute an important component of the preclinical cardiac safety assessment according to the ICH S7B guideline. Most AP measurement models are sensitive, predictive and informative but suffer from a low throughput. Here, effects of selected anti‐arrhythmics (flecainide, quinidine, atenolol, sotalol, dofetilide, nifedipine, verapamil) on field/action potentials (FP/AP) of guinea pig and rabbit ventricular slices are presented and compared with data from established in vitro and in vivo models.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Data from measurements of membrane currents (hERG, INa), AP/FP (guinea pig and rabbit ventricular slices), AP (rabbit Purkinje fibre), haemodynamic/ECG parameters (conscious, telemetered dog) were collected, compared and correlated to complementary published data (focused literature search).KEY RESULTS The selected anti‐arrhythmics, flecainide, quinidine, atenolol, sotalol, dofetilide, nifedipine and verapamil, influenced the shape of AP/FP of guinea pig and rabbit ventricular slices in a manner similar to that observed for rabbit PF. The findings obtained from slice preparations are in line with measurements of membrane currents in vitro, papillary muscle AP in vitro and haemodynamic/ECG parameters from conscious dogs in vivo, and were also corroborated by published data.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FP and AP recordings from heart slices correlated well with established in vitro and in vivo models in terms of pharmacology and predictability. Heart slice preparations yield similar results as papillary muscle but offer enhanced throughput for mechanistic investigations and may substantially reduce the use of laboratory animals.
Maximizing tumour exposure to anti‐neuropilin‐1 antibody requires saturation of non‐tumour tissue antigenic sinks in mice
Authors: Bumbaca Daniela , Xiang Hong , Boswell C Andrew , Port Ruediger E , Stainton Shannon L , Mundo Eduardo E , Ulufatu Sheila , Bagri Anil , Theil Frank‐Peter , Fielder Paul J , Khawli Leslie A , Shen Ben‐Quan 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) is a VEGF receptor that is widely expressed in normal tissues and is involved in tumour angiogenesis. MNRP1685A is a rodent and primate cross‐binding human monoclonal antibody against NRP1 that exhibits inhibition of tumour growth in NPR1‐expressing preclinical models. However, widespread NRP1 expression in normal tissues may affect MNRP1685A tumour uptake. The objective of this study was to assess MNRP1685A biodistribution in tumour‐bearing mice to understand the relationships between dose, non‐tumour tissue uptake and tumour uptake.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Non‐tumour‐bearing mice were given unlabelled MNRP1685A at 10 mg·kg−1. Tumour‐bearing mice were given 111In‐labelled MNRP1685A along with increasing amounts of unlabelled antibody. Blood and tissues were collected from all animals to determine drug concentration (unlabelled) or radioactivity level (radiolabelled). Some animals were imaged using single photon emission computed tomography – X‐ray computed tomography.KEY RESULTS MNRP1685A displayed faster serum clearance than pertuzumab, indicating that target binding affected MNRP1685A clearance. I.v. administration of 111In‐labelled MNRP1685A to tumour‐bearing mice yielded minimal radioactivity in the plasma and tumour, but high levels in the lungs and liver. Co‐administration of unlabelled MNRP1685A with the radiolabelled antibody was able to competitively block lungs and liver radioactivity uptake in a dose‐dependent manner while augmenting plasma and tumour radioactivity levels.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results indicate that saturation of non‐tumour tissue uptake is required in order to achieve tumour uptake and acceptable exposure to antibody. Utilization of a rodent and primate cross‐binding antibody allows for translation of these results to clinical settings.
Effects of immediate or delayed addition of platelet additive solution on the in vitro quality of apheresis platelets
Authors: Ringwald Juergen , Tully Susanne , Geier Christoph , Hauck Barbara , Weiss Dominik , Callaert Martine , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: There is little knowledge how different hold times of hyperconcentrated platelet (PLT) suspensions (HPSs) before the addition of platelet additive solution (PAS) might affect PLT quality. We compared the in vitro quality of single‐donor PLT concentrates (SDPs) with immediate or delayed PAS addition and studied the quality of collected concurrent plasma (CP).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We collected 6 × 1011 PLTs in 175 of mL plasma and CP from 31 donors. The HPSs were split into two parts, with 162 mL of modified PAS III (PAS‐IIIM) added immediately (0hr‐SDP) or 2 hours later (2hr‐SDP). Final SDPs had a targeted concentration of 1.2 × 1012 PLTs/L and a PAS proportion of 65%. On Days 1, 5, and 7 we determined glucose and lactate concentration, pH, P‐selectin expression, hypotonic shock response (HSR), and extent of shape change (ESC). Clotting Factor V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) activities and D‐dimer concentration were determined in CP and donor.RESULTS: Glucose utilization, lactate production, and pH were similar for both kinds of products. Low P‐selectin expression indicated no relevant PLT activation during storage. HSR and ESC were similarly well preserved. Recoveries of FV and FVIII were 100.0 ± 14.0 and 98.6 ± 14.9%, respectively. Concentrations of D‐dimers in the donor and CP were 173.7 ± 90.1 and 177.6 ± 91.2 ng/dL, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Adding PAS immediately or 2 hours after collection does not result in different in vitro quality of PLTs stored up to 7 days. The good recovery of clotting factors with no signs of activation indicates a good quality of CP.
My Baby, My Move: Examination of Perceived Barriers and Motivating Factors Related to Antenatal Physical Activity
Authors: Leiferman Jenn , Swibas Tracy , Koiness Kacey , Marshall Julie A. , Dunn Andrea L. 
Published: November 2011

Introduction:Based on a socioecological model, the present study examined multilevel barriers and facilitators related to physical activity engagement during pregnancy in women of low socioeconomic status.Methods:Individual and paired interviews were conducted with 25 pregnant women (aged 18‐46 years, 17‐40 weeks’ gestation) to ask about motivational factors and to compare differences in activity level and parity. Atlas/Ti software was used to code verbatim interview transcripts by organizing codes into categories that reflect symbolic domains of meaning, relational patterns, and overarching themes.Results:Perceived barriers and motivating factors differed between exercisers and nonexercisers at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental levels.Discussion:Future interventions should take into account key motivating multilevel factors and barriers to tailor more meaningful advice for pregnant women.