bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The male reproductive strategy of a deep-sea squid: sperm allocation, continuous production, and long-term storage of spermatophores in Histioteuthis miranda
Authors: Hoving Hendrik Jan T. , Lipiński Marek R. , Dam Lammertjan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Hoving, H. J. T., Lipiński, M. R., and Dam, L. 2010. The male reproductive strategy of a deep-sea squid: sperm allocation, continuous production, and long-term storage of spermatophores in Histioteuthis miranda. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1478–1486. Squid are semelparous organisms. Much of what we know about squid reproduction relates to females, because few studies have addressed males and, although males are similarly challenged by semelparity, it remains virtually unknown what tactics squid have evolved to allocate sperm to spermatophores. The male reproductive strategy of the deep-sea squid Histioteuthis miranda was examined by describing the male reproductive anatomy, which appears unique among cephalopods, and by quantifying spermatophore production and sperm allocation. The species produces and stores spermatophores over a considerable period of continuous somatic growth. Body size and spermatophore length (SpL) are positively correlated, and the size difference between spermatophores stored by a single individual was up to 270%. Individuals had between 136 and 2276 spermatophores inside their reproductive system, and spermatophores may be stored for as long as 4.5 months. The relationship between SpL and the mass of sperm per spermatophore was polynomial, demonstrating that larger spermatophores did not necessarily contain more sperm. The unique male morphology and the continuous production and long-term storage of spermatophores in H. miranda seem to allow the species to increase the window in which reproduction can take place, a strategy that may be valuable in the deep-sea environment.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Results in an Increase in Recombination Frequency and Resistance to Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Pathogens in the Progeny of Infected Tobacco Plants
Authors: Kathiria Palak , Sidler Corinne , Golubov Andrey , Kalischuk Melanie , Kawchuk Lawrence M. , Kovalchuk Igor 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Our previous experiments showed that infection of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) leads to an increase in homologous recombination frequency (HRF). The progeny of infected plants also had an increased rate of rearrangements in resistance gene-like loci. Here, we report that tobacco plants infected with TMV exhibited an increase in HRF in two consecutive generations. Analysis of global genome methylation showed the hypermethylated genome in both generations of plants, whereas analysis of methylation via 5-methyl cytosine antibodies demonstrated both hypomethylation and hypermethylation. Analysis of the response of the progeny of infected plants to TMV, Pseudomonas syringae, or Phytophthora nicotianae revealed a significant delay in symptom development. Infection of these plants with TMV or P. syringae showed higher levels of induction of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 gene expression and higher levels of callose deposition. Our experiments suggest that viral infection triggers specific changes in progeny that promote higher levels of HRF at the transgene and higher resistance to stress as compared with the progeny of unstressed plants. However, data reported in these studies do not establish evidence of a link between recombination frequency and stress resistance.
Time post-lung transplant correlates with increasing peripheral blood T cell granzyme B and proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Hodge G , Hodge S , Li-Liew C , Chambers D , Hopkins P , Reynolds P N , Holmes M 
Published: May 2010

Summary
Immunosuppression therapy following lung transplant fails to prevent chronic rejection/bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which we have shown is associated with lack of suppression of peripheral blood T cell granzyme B, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. We hypothesized that these proinflammatory mediators may increase with time post-transplant in otherwise stable patients before clinical signs of declining lung function, and patients experiencing declining lung function would show a further increase in these mediators. Intracellular cytokine profiles and granzyme B were investigated in T cells in whole blood and airways from lung transplant patients using flow cytometry. There was a significant negative correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), drug dose and time post-transplant. A significant correlation between increased granzyme B, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and TNF-α and time post-transplant was noted in peripheral blood T cells but not lung T cells from stable patients. Patients with similar drug dose but experiencing declining FEV1 showed a further increase in peripheral blood T cell IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. Time post-lung transplant correlates with increasing peripheral blood T cell granzyme B and proinflammatory cytokines. Declining FEV1 is associated with a further increase in these proinflammatory mediators. Drugs that reduce these inflammatory mediators effectively may reduce the incidence of chronic graft rejection.
AGEs/RAGE in CKD: irreversible metabolic memory road toward CVD?
Authors: Koyama Hidenori , Nishizawa Yoshiki 
Published: May 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (7): 623–635AbstractBackground  Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in patients with renal insufficiency, accounting for 50% of all deaths in renal replacement therapy patients. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in these patients is approximately 9% per year, which is about 30 times the risk in the general population. So far, intensive interventions to the general risk factors, such as high LDL‐cholesterol or C‐reactive protein, have not been successful in improving their cardiovascular outcomes, suggesting that the beneficial effect of risk reduction may be overwhelmed by accumulated risk memorized by long‐term exposure to oxidative stress during the progression of renal failure.Design  In this review, we propose that this irreversible memory effect in renal failure may be mediated by advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs).Results  The generation of AGEs has been implicated to be deeply associated with increased oxidative stress. Moreover, interaction of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) with AGEs leads to crucial biomedical pathway generating intracellular oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, which could result in further amplification of the pathway involved in AGE generation. Several lines of evidence suggest that AGEs/RAGE axis can profoundly be involved in cardiovascular diseases. Recent advances in AGEs and RAGE measurements led us to be capable of understanding more about the role of AGEs/RAGE axis as a risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with renal failure.Conclusion  AGEs/RAGE axis could be a crucial mediator of oxidative stress in renal failure. RAGE could be not only a useful biomarker, but also a potentially therapeutic target to overcome the accumulated adverse metabolic memory in renal failure.
Changing phosphorus concentration and subsequent prophage induction alter composition of a freshwater viral assemblage
Authors: LYMER DAVID , LINDSTRÖM EVA S. 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. The effects of nutrients on the temporal variation in viral assemblage composition, and in particular the occurrence of temperate phages, were assessed in mesotrophic Lake Erken over 5 months of the ice‐free period. The percentage of the bacterial community that contained inducible prophages (lysogenic bacteria, LB) changed over the season, being lowest in late spring and highest in early autumn. The most important variables for predicting LB were concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and temperature.2. The viral assemblage composition, as determined by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), also changed over the season. Prophages were induced by incubations with mitomycin C and we show, for the first time for natural communities, that the resulting temperate phages could be detected using PFGE.3. A substantial fraction (19%) of the number of detected operational taxonomic units (OTUs: defined as unique genome sizes) appeared unique to temperate phages and 41% of OTUs increased in relative abundance after treatment with mitomycin C.4. Different viral OTUs were induced at different times during the season. The most important environmental factor covarying with viral assemblage composition over the period of study, as determined by multivariate analysis, was concentration of TP. In re‐growth cultures with natural bacteria and lowered viral abundance (VA) (decreased virus to bacteria ratio), addition of PO4‐P induced prophages and resulted in subsequent production of temperate phages, as indicated by a decreased percentage of LB and increased VA. Incubations of natural bacterial communities with mitomycin C (field data) or PO4‐P (experiment) changed the viral assemblage composition at a similar rate as the observed monthly changes in the lake.
Using assistive technology services at differing levels of care: healthy older couples’ perceptions
Authors: Harrefors Christina , Axelsson Karin , Sävenstedt Stefan 
Published: May 2010

harrefors c.,axelsson k. & sävenstedt s.(2010) Using assistive technology services at differing levels of care: healthy older couples’ perceptions.Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1523–1532.AbstractTitle. Using assistive technology services at differing levels of care: healthy older couples’ perceptions.Aim. The aim of the study was to describe healthy older couples’ perceptions of using assistive technology services when needing assistance with care.Background. The use of information technology‐based assistive technology services in elder care has increased as a result of an increase of care performed in private homes. The use of assistive technology services in care of older people at home has been evaluated as something positive by patients, relatives and nursing staff, while as resistance to their increased use has also been noted.Method. Twelve healthy couples, aged over 70 years, from northern Sweden were interviewed in 2005 about their perceptions of using assistive technology services in the case of being in need of assistance with personal care. Open, individual semi‐structured interviews supported by written vignettes describing three levels of caring needs were used and the data analysed with content analysis.Findings. The findings were interpreted as one main theme with three categories: Asset or threat depends on caring needs and abilities. Three categories were identified within the theme: Assistive technology services provide an opportunity; The consequences of using assistive technology services are hard to anticipate; and Fear of assistive technology services when completely dependent on care.Conclusion. Trust and security in the care of older people who are severely ill, dependent on care and living at home should be a hallmark in using assistive technology services. Human presence is an important dimension and must be considered when developing concepts for use of assistive technology services.
Mothering disrupted by illness: a narrative synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Vallido Tamara , Wilkes Lesley , Carter Bernie , Jackson Debra 
Published: May 2010

vallido t., wilkes l., carter b. & jackson d. (2010) Mothering disrupted by illness: a narrative synthesis of qualitative research. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(7), 1435–1445.AbstractTitle.  Mothering disrupted by illness: a narrative synthesis of qualitative research. Aim.  This paper is a report of a literature review of qualitative empirical research investigating women’s experiences of mothering disrupted by illness.Background.  As a primary identity, motherhood is endangered by illness. Illness can interfere with a woman’s ability to mother her child/children. Healthcare professionals regularly fail to acknowledge a woman’s dual identities of mother and patient.Data Sources.  CINAHL, Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus and Sociological abstracts were searched 1980–2009.Methods.  A narrative synthesis was used, with quality appraisal guided by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme method. Concepts were analysed thematically, explicating common experiences of women disrupted in their mothering by illness. This allowed for both descriptive and narrative synthesis to occur.Results.  Thirteen papers were included in the final review. Themes identified were: mechanism of disruption; reframing the mother role; protecting the children; experiencing guilt or shame; problems with healthcare professionals; and living to mother, mothering to live.Conclusion.  Women disrupted in their mothering by illness view themselves as a mother first and a patient second. Women found themselves unsupported in their mothering role by healthcare professionals, and this may have left them reluctant to broach difficulties they had relinquishing mothering duties when ill. Nurses are well‐positioned to support women in illness by acknowledging the importance of their identity as mothers, offering them opportunities to discuss how illness is disrupting their ability to mother, providing support to help them negotiate the social/emotional distress experienced when mothering is disrupted and, where necessary, referring them to other members of the healthcare team, such as social workers.
Curcumin inhibits reactive oxygen species formation and vascular hyperpermeability following haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Tharakan Binu , Hunter Felicia A , Smythe W Roy , Childs Ed W 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key mediator of haemorrhagic shock (HS)‐induced vascular hyperpermeability. In the present study, curcumin, a natural anti‐oxidant obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa), was tested against HS‐induced hyperpermeability and associated ROS formation in rat mesenteric post‐capillary venules in vivo and in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMEC) in vitro.2. In rats, HS was induced by withdrawing blood to reduce mean arterial pressure to 40 mmHg for 60 min, followed by resuscitation for 60 min. To investigate vascular permeability, rats were given fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–albumin (50 mg/kg, i.v.). The FITC–albumin flux was measured in mesenteric post‐capillary venules by determining optical intensity intra‐ and extravascularly under intravital microscopy. Mitochondrial ROS formation was determined using dihydrorhodamine 123 in vivo. Parallel studies were conducted in vitro using serum collected after HS. The serum was tested on rat lung microvascular endothelial cell RLMEC monolayers.3. In rats, HS induced a significant increase in vascular hyperpermeability and ROS formation in vivo (P < 0.05). Treatment with curcumin (20 μmol/L) attenuated both these effects (P < 0.05). In RLMEC in vitro, HS serum induced monolayer permeability and ROS formation. Curcumin (10 μmol/L) attenuated HS serum‐induced monolayer hyperpermeability and ROS formation. Curcumin (2–100 μmol/L) scavenged 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals in vitro, indicating its potential as a free radical scavenger.4. The present study demonstrates that curcumin is an inhibitor of vascular hyperpermeability following HS, with its protective effects mediated through its anti‐oxidant properties.
Estimation of primary care treatment costs and treatment efficacy for people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007*
Authors: Currie C. J. , Gale E. A. M. , Poole C. D. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 938–948 (2010)AbstractAims  The purpose of this study was to characterize the financial cost and efficacy of primary care treatment for diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007.Methods  Retrospective data were analysed for people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes along with matched control subjects using data from The Health Improvement Network. Costs were attributed from published sources and adjusted for price inflation. Type 2 diabetes was analysed by five commonly used treatment regimens.Results  It was possible to identify 126 052 people for inclusion: 11 300 (8.9%) with Type 1 diabetes and 114 752 (91.1%) with Type 2. The overall mean prescribing costs per person per year (pppy) increased markedly for people with diabetes from 1997 to 2007: for Type 1, from £573 to £1014 pppy (+77%), and for Type 2, from £39 to £740 pppy (+89%). In 2007, diabetes‐treatment‐specific prescribing represented 57% of prescribing costs in Type 1 diabetes and 28% in Type 2 diabetes. In Type 2 diabetes there was a mean of 5.4 primary care consultations in 1997, increasing to 11.5 pppy in 2007 (+112%). In 1997 the total mean cost of primary care treatment for Type 2 diabetes was £602 pppy, increasing to £1080 in 2007. In Type 1 diabetes, the mean glycated haemoglobin decreased by 0.1% from 8.8% in 2001 to 8.7% in 2007; the corresponding change using insulin in Type 2 diabetes was also 0.1%. Greater improvement in blood pressure and lipids was evident.Conclusions  Over the 10 year period to 2007, diabetes‐related primary care adjusted costs increased considerably, whereas glycated haemoglobin values did not improve at all over the same period.
Psychological adjustment of well siblings of children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sleeman F. , Northam E. A. , Crouch W. , Cameron F. J. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1084–1087 (2010)AbstractAims  Studies of siblings of children with Type 1 diabetes (Type 1 DM) have shown either increased levels of maladjustment or, alternatively, increased levels of pro‐social behaviour according to whether the sibling or parent was interviewed. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological adjustment of Type 1 DM siblings using both parent and sibling report and to assess the concordance between child and parent reports.Methods  Ninety‐nine siblings aged 11–17 years and parents of children with Type 1 DM treated at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne were recruited sequentially. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess well siblings’ emotional and behavioural functioning using data collected within a semi‐structured interview. SDQ data between the sibling cohort and normative data sample were compared using independent‐samples t‐tests. Sibling reports and parent reports were compared using a series of paired‐sample t‐tests and correlation analyses.Results  Type 1 DM siblings did not report greater emotional or behavioural maladjustment or more pro‐social behaviour than norms. Parents rated siblings’ pro‐social behaviour as being comparable with that of youth from the general community; however, parents rated healthy siblings as having lower levels of maladjustment; specifically, significantly fewer conduct problems, hyperactive behaviour and peer‐related problems (all P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between parent ratings and sibling ratings on peer‐related problems or pro‐social behaviour.Conclusions  Type 1 DM siblings did not report increased behavioural or emotional dysfunction relative to children in the general population and, according to their parents, were even better adjusted than their peers.
Oseltamivir Treatment Prevents the Increased Influenza Virus Disease Severity and Lethality Occurring in Chronic Ethanol Consuming Mice
Authors: Langlois Ryan A. , Meyerholz David K. , Coleman Ruth A. , Cook Robert T. , Waldschmidt Thomas J. , Legge Kevin L. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  Chronic consumption of ethanol (EtOH) is well recognized to lead to defective innate and adaptive immune responses and increase the severity of pulmonary infections. Our own studies have demonstrated that chronic EtOH consumption decreases CD8 T‐cell immunity to influenza virus infections (IAV) leading to severe infections and mortality. Interestingly, antiviral treatment of IAVs has been shown to be compromised in mice and humans that are immuno‐deficient. It is known that EtOH can alter the pharmacokinetics of antivirals. Therefore, the effectiveness of influenza antiviral therapy during chronic ethanol consumption remains in question.Methods:  BALB/c mice were placed on 18% (w/v) EtOH in their drinking water for 8 weeks. Chronic EtOH consuming and water controls were then treated with 10 mg/kg oseltamivir orally and infected intranasally with influenza virus 4 hours post‐oseltamivir treatment. The mice were then treated with oseltamivir twice daily until day 7 postinfection. Influenza disease severity was measured by morbidity and mortality, pulmonary viral titers, and histology.Results:  Chronic EtOH consuming mice infected with IAV and treated with oseltamivir have decreased morbidity and mortality, pulmonary viral titers, and pulmonary pathology compared to untreated EtOH mice.Conclusions:  Despite the severe immune defect seen in chronic EtOH mice as well as the potential for EtOH to inhibit the conversion of oseltamivir into an active form, treatment with oseltamivir reduces viral shedding as well as disease severity. These data suggest that the combination of a limited adaptive immune response plus the anti‐IAV drug oseltamivir is sufficient to curb high mortality and mediate resolution of IAVs in mice chronically consuming ethanol.
Optimal Atrioventricular Delay in CRT Patients Can Be Approximated Using Surface Electrocardiography and Device Electrograms
Authors: JONES R. CHRISTOPHER , SVINARICH TOM , RUBIN ANDREW , LEVIN VADIM , PHANG ROBERT , MURILLO JAIME , SAMBELASHVILI ALEKSANDRE 
Published: May 2010

Electrocardiographic AV Delay Adjustment. Background: Optimization of the atrioventricular (AV) delay (AVD) may result in an improvement in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome. Previous studies have shown positive correlation between interatrial conduction time measured invasively during the implant procedure and optimal AVD determined postimplant using Doppler echocardiography. We hypothesized that the optimal AVD can be predicted noninvasively from surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: The optimal sensed (SAV) and paced (PAV) AVDs were determined for CRT patients (n = 63) by programming different AVDs (in 20 ms steps, in random sequence) and evaluating Doppler images of the mitral flow (iterative method). The time intervals between atrial sensing (As) and pacing (Ap) to the end of the P‐wave (Pend) and to the right ventricular sensing (RVs) were measured from 5 ECG leads (limb, V1, and V3) and device telemetry during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing. Results: Optimal SAV was 120 ± 30 ms and correlated with As‐Pend (R = 0.69, P < 0.0001) and As‐RVs (R = 0.45, P = 0.0003). Optimal PAV was 172 ± 38 ms and correlated with Ap‐Pend (R = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and Ap‐RVs (R = 0.60, P < 0.0001). Regression analysis suggested a simple method of AVD adjustment by pacing the ventricles 40 ms after the end of the sensed P‐wave or 30 ms after the end of the paced P‐wave but not at the expense of biventricular capture. Such a method would have resulted in significantly lower deviation from echo‐optimal AVDs compared with programming fixed values. Conclusion: A simple method of providing 30–40 ms separation between the end of the P‐wave and ventricular pacing pulse can be used to approximate echocardiographically optimal AV delays. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1226‐1232, November 2010)