bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Serological Diagnosis of Bartonella Infection in 61 Dogs from the United States
Authors: Pérez C. , Maggi R.G. , Diniz P.P.V.P. , Breitschwerdt E.B. 
Published: May 2011

Background:Molecular diagnosis of canine bartonellosis can be extremely challenging and often requires the use of an enrichment culture approach followed by PCR amplification of bacterial DNA.Hypotheses:(1) The use of enrichment culture with PCR will increase molecular detection of bacteremia and will expand the diversity ofBartonellaspecies detected. (2) Serological testing forBartonella henselaeandBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiidoes not correlate with documentation of bacteremia.Animals:Between 2003 and 2009, 924 samples from 663 dogs were submitted to the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Vector Borne Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnostic testing with theBartonellaα‐Proteobacteriagrowth medium (BAPGM) platform. Test results and medical records of those dogs were retrospectively reviewed.Methods:PCR amplification ofBartonellasp. DNA after extraction from patient samples was compared with PCR after BAPGM enrichment culture. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays, used to detectB. henselaeandB. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiiantibodies, were compared with PCR.Results:Sixty‐one of 663 dogs were culture positive or hadBartonellaDNA detected by PCR, includingB. henselae(30/61),B. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii(17/61),Bartonella koehlerae(7/61),Bartonella volans‐like(2/61), andBartonella bovis(2/61). Coinfection with more than 1Bartonellasp. was documented in 9/61 dogs. BAPGM culture was required for PCR detection in 32/61 cases. Only 7/19 and 4/10 infected dogs tested by IFA wereB. henselaeandB. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiiseroreactive, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Dogs were most often infected withB. henselaeorB. vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffiibased on PCR and enrichment culture, coinfection was documented, and variousBartonellaspecies were identified. Most infected dogs did not have detectableBartonellaantibodies.
Concurrent T cell leukaemia and equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis in a Hanoverian Warmblood mare
Authors: Schwarz B. , Gruber A. , Benetka V. , Rütgen B. , Schwendenwein I. , Leidinger E. , van den Hoven R. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryEquine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) and primary leukaemia are uncommon diseases in horses. This case report describes a horse with both diseases which might be linked via the equine γ‐herpesvirus EHV‐5. In man Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), also a γ‐herpesvirus, is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as is EHV‐5 with EMPF. Furthermore, EBV is also associated with lymphoproliferative disease. Similarly in horses, primary leukaemia might be associated with EHV‐5. This is the first report associating EHV‐5 with primary leukaemia in horses.
Extraperitoneal incisional abscess formation after colic surgery in 3 horses
Authors: Rubio Martínez L. M. , Cribb N. C. , Koenig J. B. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryIn this article we report 3 horses that developed an extraperitoneal abscess after colic surgery at the incision site. All 3 horses presented with nonspecific clinical signs and extraperitoneal abscess was diagnosed from ultrasound evaluations and cytological examination of abscess aspirates. One horse developed dehiscence of the incision after drainage of the abscess through the incision. In 2 cases a small standing paramedian incision was performed through which the abscess was drained and lavaged; complete resolution of the abscess and healing of the incision was achieved in both cases. Extraperitoneal abscess is a previously unreported incisional complication after colic surgery in horses. Early and careful ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal incision is required for diagnosis in cases with nonspecific clinical signs. A paramedian incision through therectus abdominismuscle into the abscess cavity permitted adequate drainage and debridement of the abscess in 2 cases.
Diversion of the Immune Response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Th17 to Th1/Th2 by Treatment with Anti-Transforming Growth Factor β Antibody Generates Immunological Memory and Protective Immunity
Authors: Liu Yingru , Russell Michael W. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

The immune response to
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is poorly understood, but its extensive antigenic variability and resistance to complement are thought to allow it to evade destruction by the host’s immune defenses. We propose that
N. gonorrhoeae
also avoids inducing protective immune responses in the first place. We previously found that
N. gonorrhoeae
induces interleukin-17 (IL-17)-dependent innate responses in mice and suppresses Th1/Th2-dependent adaptive responses in murine cells
in vitro
through the induction of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). In this study using a murine model of vaginal gonococcal infection, mice treated with anti-TGF-β antibody during primary infection showed accelerated clearance of
N. gonorrhoeae
, with incipient development of Th1 and Th2 responses and diminished Th17 responses in genital tract tissue. Upon secondary reinfection, mice that had been treated with anti-TGF-β during primary infection showed anamnestic recall of both Th1 and Th2 responses, with the development of antigonococcal antibodies in sera and secretions, and enhanced resistance to reinfection. In mouse knockout strains defective in Th1 or Th2 responses, accelerated clearance of primary infection due to anti-TGF-β treatment was dependent on Th1 activity but not Th2 activity, whereas resistance to secondary infection resulting from anti-TGF-β treatment during primary infection was due to both Th1- and Th2-dependent memory responses. We propose that
N. gonorrhoeae
proactively elicits Th17-driven innate responses that it can resist and concomitantly suppresses Th1/Th2-driven specific adaptive immunity that would protect the host. Blockade of TGF-β reverses this pattern of host immune responsiveness and facilitates the emergence of protective antigonococcal immunity.

IMPORTANCE
Pathogen-host interactions during infectious disease are conventionally thought of as two-way reactions, that of the host against the pathogen and vice versa, with the outcome dependent on which one ultimately prevails. We propose that
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
, a pathogen that has become extremely well adapted to its exclusive human host, proactively directs the manner in which the host responds in ways that are beneficial to its own survival but detrimental to the host. Gonorrhea is a widely prevalent sexually transmitted infection, and naturally occurring gonococcal strains are becoming resistant to most available antibiotics, yet no effective vaccine has been developed. These new insights into the immune response to
N. gonorrhoeae
should lead to novel therapeutic strategies and facilitate new approaches to vaccine development.
40Ar/39Ar age of the Lonar crater and consequence for the geochronology of planetary impacts
Authors: Jourdan F. , Moynier F. , Koeberl C. , Eroglu S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAsteroid impacts play an important role in the evolution of planetary surfaces. In the inner solar system, the large majority of impacts occur on bodies (e.g., asteroids, the Moon, Mars) covered by primitive igneous rocks. However, most of the impacts recorded on Earth occur on different rock types and are poor proxies for planetary impacts. The Lonar crater is a 1.88-km-diameter, Quaternary age crater (Fig. 1) located on the ca. 66 Ma Deccan basaltic traps in Maharashtra (India), and is one of the very few craters on Earth emplaced directly on basaltic lava flows. We carried out 12 40Ar/39Ar step-heating experiments on 4 melt rock samples in order to (1) obtain a precise age for the Lonar crater; (2) study the response of isotopic chronometers during impacts on mafic target rocks; and (3) better understand the dating of extraterrestrial impact craters. We obtained 10 plateau and 9 inverse isochron ages on various aliquots. Combination of selected data into a global inverse isochron yielded an age of 570 ± 47 ka (MSWD = 1.1; P = 0.24). In comparison, previous nonisotopic investigations on rocks thought to be affected by secondary processes yielded a range of much younger ages (ca. 12–62 ka). The measured 40Ar/36Ar trapped values offer a direct comparison with the atmospheric benchmark value and allow us to test the inherited 40Ar* degassing capacity of basaltic impact melt rocks. The 40Ar/36Ar ratio of 296.5 ± 1.7 is indistinguishable from the atmospheric composition and suggests that inherited 40Ar* is absent from the melt rock. This result substantiates diffusion models that predict a near-complete degassing of low-viscosity melt (e.g., basalts) during impact, and demonstrates for the first time that inherited 40Ar* is less problematic for 40Ar/39Ar dating of impact events in basaltic igneous rocks compared to Si-rich rocks. These results provide direct evidence that basaltic melt rocks are excellent candidates for recording the timing of planetary impact events and, as far as dating is concerned, should be the preferred targets of sample recovery by future missions.
Whole-edifice ice volume change A.D. 1970 to 2007/2008 at Mount Rainier, Washington, based on LiDAR surveying
Authors: Sisson T.W. , Robinson J.E. , Swinney D.D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNet changes in thickness and volume of glacial ice and perennial snow at Mount Rainier, Washington State, have been mapped over the entire edifice by differencing between a high-resolution LiDAR (light detection and ranging) topographic survey of September–October 2007/2008 and the 10 m lateral resolution U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation model derived from September 1970 aerial photography. Excepting the large Emmons and Winthrop Glaciers, all of Mount Rainier's glaciers thinned and retreated in their terminal regions, with substantial thinning mainly at elevations &lt;2000 m and the greatest thinning on south-facing glaciers. Mount Rainier's glaciers and snowfields also lost volume over the interval, excepting the east-flank Fryingpan and Emmons Glaciers and minor near-summit snowfields; maximum volume losses were centered from ∼1750 m (north flank) to ∼2250 m (south flank) elevation. The greatest single volume loss was from the Carbon Glacier, despite its northward aspect, due to its sizeable area at &lt;2000 m elevation. Overall, Mount Rainier lost ∼14 vol% glacial ice and perennial snow over the 37 to 38 yr interval between surveys. Enhanced thinning of south-flank glaciers may be meltback from the high snowfall period of the mid-1940s to mid-1970s associated with the cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
Evolution of a Pharaonic harbor on the Red Sea: Implications for coastal response to changes in sea level and climate
Authors: Hein Christopher J. , FitzGerald Duncan M. , Milne Glenn A. , Bard Kathryn , Fattovich Rodolfo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe evolution of coastal systems during the Holocene resulted from complex interactions and temporal shifts in the relative contribution of sea-level changes, climate change, and sedimentary processes. Along the Red Sea Coast, a 0.5–2 m highstand of sea level at 5 ka can be directly attributed to far-field effects resulting from the reduction in land ice following the last glacial maximum. At the ancient Egyptian harbor of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, the site of the world's oldest archaeological evidence of long-distance seafaring, stratigraphic and geomorphologic evidence has been identified for this highstand. Here, wadi sediment input, enhanced by a period of wetter climate of the African Humid Period (early to mid- Holocene), forced the closure of coastal embayments, despite ongoing, relatively rapid sea-level rise. A stable, shallow bay persisted at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis as a result of coincidental aridization and a highstand of sea level during the mid-Holocene. This bay served as the primary harbor for ancient Egyptian trade along the Red Sea coast. During the late Holocene, shoreline progradation was dominated by sea-level fall, driven by isostatic processes. These results demonstrate the interplay of various global (sea level), regional (climate, sea level), and local (sedimentation, bathymetry) controls on the coastal evolution of the Red Sea and how these controls dictated the response of a complex civilization. Furthermore, they highlight the crucial role played by sedimentation in governing coastal response to changing sea levels.
Diamond and coesite discovered in Saxony-type granulite: Solution to the Variscan garnet peridotite enigma
Authors: Kotková Jana , O'Brien Patrick J. , Ziemann Martin A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe pressures required for diamond and coesite formation far exceed conditions reached by even the deepest present-day orogenic crustal roots. Therefore the occurrence of metamorphosed continental crust containing these minerals requires processes other than crustal thickening to have operated in the past. Here we report the first in situ finding of diamond and coesite, characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, in high-pressure granulites otherwise indistinguishable from granulites found associated with garnet peridotite throughout the European Variscides. Our discovery confirms the provenance of Europe's first reliable diamond, the “Bohemian diamond,” found in A.D. 1870, and also represents the first robust evidence for ultrahigh-pressure conditions in a major Variscan crustal rock type. A process of deep continental subduction is required to explain the metamorphic pressures and the granulite–garnet peridotite association, and thus tectonometamorphic models for these rocks involving a deep orogenic crustal root need to be significantly modified.
Major oceanic redox condition change correlated with the rebound of marine animal diversity during the Late Ordovician
Authors: Zhang Tonggang , Trela Wieslaw , Jiang Shao-Yong , Nielsen Jesper K. , Shen Yanan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo understand probable influences of environmental changes on the decrease and rebound of biodiversity during the Late Ordovician, a detailed analysis of total organic carbon (TOC), pyrite, V/(V + Ni) ratios, and S isotopic compositions of pyrite in the Late Ordovician sediments from Poland was performed. The significant enrichments of TOC and pyrite as well as high V/(V + Ni) ratios (&gt;0.6) for the Jeleniów Formation of the latest Darriwilian to middle Katian Stages provide evidence for predominant anoxic bottom-water conditions. In contrast, low TOC and pyrite as well as low V/(V + Ni) ratios for the Wólka Formation of late Katian age indicate oxic depositional conditions. The S isotopic data are consistent with the interpretations of oceanic redox conditions based on multiple proxies for paleoredox. The results from the Baltica area reveal a major oceanic redox condition change during the late Katian and suggest that oceanic oxygenation may have contributed to the rebound of marine animal diversity during the Late Ordovician.
Estimating surface roughness of terrestrial laser scan data using orthogonal distance regression
Authors: Pollyea Ryan M. , Fairley Jerry P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWith the increasing accessibility of terrestrial light detection and ranging scanners (LiDAR), generating tools to elicit meaningful information from high-density point cloud data has become of paramount importance. Surface roughness is one metric that has gained popularity, largely due to the accuracy and density of LiDAR-derived point cloud data. Surface roughness is typically defined as a spread of point distances from a reference datum, the standard deviation of point distances from a model surface being a commonly employed model. Unfortunately, a recent literature review has found that existing surface roughness models are far from standardized and may be prone to error resulting from underlying surface topography. In the research presented here, we develop a surface roughness model that is robust to underlying topographic variability by segmenting the point cloud with a three-dimensional regular grid, establishing local (grid cell) reference planes by orthogonal distance regression, and estimating the surface roughness of each grid cell as the standard deviation of orthogonal point-to-plane distances. This surface roughness model is employed to identify fracture and rubble zone distributions within a terrestrial LiDAR scan from a basalt outcrop in southeast Idaho, and the results are compared to a more common model based on ordinary least-squares plane fitting. Results indicate that the orthogonal regression model is robust to outcrop orientation and that the ordinary least-squares model systematically overestimates surface roughness by contaminating estimates with spatially correlated errors that increase with decreasing grid size.
Column collapse and generation of pyroclastic density currents during the A.D. 79 eruption of Vesuvius: The role of pyroclast density
Authors: Shea Thomas , Gurioli Lucia , Houghton Bruce F. , Cioni Raffaello , Cashman Katharine V. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Plinian columns formed during the magmatic phase of the A.D. 79 eruption of Vesuvius alternated several times between fully stable, buoyantly rising regimes and unstable regimes of partial or total collapse. Six pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were produced during unstable regimes, and ultimately caused the destruction of Roman towns around the volcano. Through new measurements of juvenile clast density and estimations of ascent parameters, we show that four partial collapses were likely triggered by increases in the abundance of dense juvenile clasts within the eruptive column. In contrast, the total collapse probably occurred in response to an increase in the wall-rock content injected into the plume during a progressive widening of the conduit. A sixth low-energy, small collapse resulted from high abundances in both dense juvenile clasts and wall-rock material. Simulations of eruption column behavior already account for the effects of variations in conduit radius, mass discharge rate, and particle size, but have yet to include variable clast density and wall-rock abundance that cause temporal variations in plume density. Our results suggest that both parameters can exert a significant control on the potential for generation of PDCs.
Geological record of ice shelf break-up and grounding line retreat, Pine Island Bay, West Antarctica
Authors: Jakobsson Martin , Anderson John B. , Nitsche Frank O. , Dowdeswell Julian A. , Gyllencreutz Richard , Kirchner Nina , Mohammad Rezwan , O'Regan Matthew , Alley Richard B. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Eriksson Björn , Kirshner Alexandra , Fernandez Rodrigo , Stolldorf Travis , Totten Rebecca , Majewski Wojciech 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe catastrophic break-ups of the floating Larsen A and B ice shelves (Antarctica) in 1995 and 2002 and associated acceleration of glaciers that flowed into these ice shelves were among the most dramatic glaciological events observed in historical time. This raises a question about the larger West Antarctic ice shelves. Do these shelves, with their much greater glacial discharge, have a history of collapse? Here we describe features from the seafloor in Pine Island Bay, West Antarctica, which we interpret as having been formed during a massive ice shelf break-up and associated grounding line retreat. This evidence exists in the form of seafloor landforms that we argue were produced daily as a consequence of tidally influenced motion of mega-icebergs maintained upright in an iceberg armada produced from the disintegrating ice shelf and retreating grounding line. The break-up occurred prior to ca. 12 ka and was likely a response to rapid sea-level rise or ocean warming at that time.
A GAME THEORETIC APPROACH TO STUDY THE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BB84 PROTOCOL
Authors: HOUSHMAND MAHBOOBEH , HOUSHMAND MONIREH , MASHHADI HABIB RAJABI 
Published: May 2011

Quantum cryptography uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. BB84 is a widely used quantum key distribution that provides a way for two parties, a sender, Alice, and a receiver, Bob, to share an unconditionally secure key in the presence of an eavesdropper, Eve. Three different criteria can be assumed to study the BB84 protocol. They are the efficiency of the protocol, the probability that Eve remains undetected, and the amount of knowledge Eve has about Alice's bit sequence. In a previous approach, we only considered the probability that Eve remains undetected. We viewed this protocol as a three player static game in which Alice and Bob were two cooperative players and Eve was a competitive one. In our game model, Alice's and Bob's objective was to maximize the probability of detecting Eve, while Eve's objective was to minimize this probability. In this paper, our previous effort is extended and we also consider the other two criteria, i.e. the efficiency of the protocol and the amount of knowledge Eve has about Alice's bit sequence. Using these models, we show how game theory can be used to find the strategies for Alice, Bob and Eve.
Podoplanin-Positive Fibroblasts Enhance Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumor Formation: Podoplanin in Fibroblast Functions for Tumor Progression
Authors: Hoshino Ayuko , Ishii Genichiro , Ito Takashi , Aoyagi Kazuhiko , Ohtaki Yoichi , Nagai Kanji , Sasaki Hiroki , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
During the metastatic process, cancer cells interact with vascular adventitial fibroblasts (VAF), which are the main components of the outermost connective tissue layer of blood vessels. This activity suggests the presence of a specific tumor microenvironment in the perivascular area. The s.c. coinjection of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, PC-14, and CRL-5807) and human VAF (hVAF) resulted in a high rate of tumor formation, compared with the coinjection of these cell lines and human lung tissue-derived fibroblasts (hLF). A cDNA microarray analysis revealed a higher expression level of podoplanin in hVAFs than in hLFs (4.7-fold). Flow cytometry analysis also showed a higher expression level of podoplanin in hVAFs (43% ± 17.5%) than in hLFs (16% ± 10.3%). Sorted podoplanin-positive hVAFs displayed enhanced tumor formation, lymph node metastasis, and lung metastasis of A549 compared to sorted podoplanin-negative hVAFs. Knockdown of podoplanin in hVAFs decreased the augmenting effect of tumor formation and in vitro colony formation. The overexpression of podoplanin in hVAFs hastened the tumor formation of A549, compared with control hVAFs. Furthermore, the analysis of small-sized human lung adenocarcinoma (n = 112) revealed that patients with podoplanin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts had a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis and a high risk of recurrence. These results indicate a promotive effect of hVAFs mediated by podoplanin on cancer progression and suggest that the perivascular environment may constitute a specific niche for tumor progression. Cancer Res; 71(14); 4769–79. ©2011 AACR.