bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossilpapiocranium from !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills, western Ngamiland, Botswana
Authors: Williams Blythe A. , Ross Callum F. , Frost Stephen R. , Waddle Diane M. , Gabadirwe Mohutsiwa , Brook George A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThree fossils, a cranium ofPapio, a cercopithecid frontal bone, and a mandible of juvenilePapio, have been recovered from cave deposits in the !Ncumtsa (Koanaka) Hills of western Ngamiland, Botswana. These specimens are significant because well‐preserved crania ofPapioare extremely rare in the fossil record outside of South Africa and because this is the first report of fossil primate cranial remains from Botswana. Thermoluminescence dating of surrounding cave matrix indicates an age of ≥317 ± 114 ka, within the Middle Pleistocene, although it may be older. Based on univariate and multivariate analyses, the adult !Ncumtsa specimen falls within the range of variation seen in extant forms ofPapio, yet is distinct from any living species/subspecies and represents a new taxon, named here as a new subspecies ofPapio hamadryas—Papio hamadryas botswanae. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: Hand preference for bimanual and unimanual feeding in captive gorillas: Extension in a second colony of apes
Authors: Lambert Megan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRight‐hand dominance is widely considered to be a uniquely human trait. Whether nonhuman primates exhibit similar population‐level hand preferences remains a topic of considerable debate. Despite extensive research focusing on laterality in nonhuman primates, our interpretation of these studies is limited due to methodological issues including the lack of a common measure of hand preference and the use of tasks that may not be reliable indicators of handedness. The use of consistent methods between studies is necessary to enable comparisons within and between species and allow for more general conclusions to be drawn from these results. The present study replicates methods used in recent research reporting population‐level right‐handedness in captive gorillas (Meguerditchian et al.,2010). Observational data were collected on hand preference for unimanual and bimanual feeding in 14 captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Individual‐level preferences were found, primarily for bimanual feeding; however, the data reveal no group‐level directional bias (contra Meguerditchian et al.). Like the study by Meguerditchian et al. (2010), though, bimanual feeding revealed significantly stronger hand preferences than unimanual reaching, and age, sex, group membership, or rearing history had no effect on hand preference. Finally, variations in diet and corresponding grip type between studies suggest that hand preferences may vary across bimanual tasks depending on grip morphology. This study aims to contribute to our existing knowledge of primate laterality by increasing the number of individuals investigated using methods that allow for comparisons with similar research. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diet, residential origin, and pathology at Machu Picchu, Peru
Authors: Turner Bethany L. , Armelagos George J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPathological conditions in human skeletal remains provide a wealth of information about archaeological populations, but many are limited in their interpretive significance by their nonspecific etiologies. This study analyzes three common pathological conditions known to manifest in infancy and childhood in the skeletal population from Machu Picchu, Peru (N = 74) with published carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, strontium, and lead isotopic data (Turner et al.: J Archaeol Sci 36 (2009) 317–332; Turner et al.: Chungara: Revista de Antropología Chilena 42 (2010) 515–524) to distinguish early‐life diet from residential origins as significantly associated with pathologies among the site's inhabitants. Analyses of variance indicate highly significant variation between enamel δ18O values, which serve as a rough proxy of local environment, and both cribra orbitalia (CO) and porotic hyperostosis (PH), generally understood to be markers of anemia. Results tentatively suggest that individuals manifesting these lesions may have lived closer to the arid coasts; however, no significant variation was found in parameters of diet (enamel δ13Ccarbonate, dentin δ13Ccollagen, dentin δ15N) by either CO or PH, suggesting that the primary factors causing anemia may have been more significantly related to residential origin rather than diet. Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) frequency significantly varied by both dietary and residential parameters, supporting models of LEH formation from a synergy of dietary and environmental factors. These results support previous research on the etiology of PH in the Andes; they also represent a useful approach to refining site‐specific interpretations of pathological conditions in archaeological populations, and exploring etiological variation between populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discretised route travel time models based on cumulative flows
Authors: Long Jiancheng , Huang Hai‐Jun , Gao Ziyou 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe computation of route travel times is a fundamental work in solving dynamic traffic assignment problems, and hence, it is important to develop accurate and efficient methods. In this paper, both the step function (SF) and linear interpolation (LI) are used to approximate cumulative flows over time and develop formulations of route travel time models. We propose two categories of discretised route travel time models: (i) models based on route cumulative flow curves, and (ii) models based on link cumulative flow curves. We prove that all route travel time models proposed in this paper satisfy some desirable properties such as route first‐in‐first‐out and continuity, and all discretised route travel times converge to the continuous‐time route travel times. Finally, numerical methods are developed to evaluate the accuracy and computational efficiency of each type of route travel time models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of long‐term follow‐up with neointimal coverage and stent apposition after sirolimus‐eluting stent implantation by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Li Shan , Gai Luyue , Yang Tingshu , Zhang Li , Xu Xiuli , Bai Qicai , Xu Hang , Wang Yutang 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundLate stent thrombosis related to delayed endothelialization is a major concern after drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. The long‐term vascular response towards DES implantation remains unclear. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high‐resolution imaging modality which provides new opportunities for evaluating neointimal coverage and stent strut apposition after stent implantation.MethodsFifty two patients who accepted 64 sirolimus‐eluting stents (SESs, Cypher Select) were enrolled in the study. The OCT procedure was performed in 20 patients at 12 months (group 1), 17 patients at 24 months (group 2), and 15 patients at 48 months (group 3) after SESs implantation, respectively. The neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) thickness and stent strut apposition were assessed at 1‐mm interval, and the presence of thrombus was observed in each stent.ResultsThe NIH thickness was significantly higher at 48 months than that of 12 months (0.1694 ± 0.1455 mm in G3 vs. 0.1455 ± 0.1373 mm in G1, P < 0.01) and 24 months (0.1514 ± 0.1296 mm in G2, P <0.01) after SESs implantation, but no significant difference existed between that of 12 months and 24 months (P > 0.05). Longer follow‐up time was associated with significant decrease in the prevalence of uncovered struts (17.3% in group 1 vs. 8.8% in group 2 vs. 2.6% in group 3, P < 0.01) and malapposed struts (14.2% in group 1 vs. 10.3% in group 2 vs. 4.7% in group 3, P < 0.01). The incidence of intracoronary thrombus steadily decreased from 3.6% at 12 months to 2.4% at 24 months, and to 0.8% at 48 months (P < 0.01).ConclusionNeointimal growth continued for as long as 48 months after SES implantation. NIH thickness increased insignificantly from 12 to 24 months, but markedly increased at 48 months after stent implantation. Late neointimal growth was accompanied by a higher rate of covered struts and lower rate of malapposed stent struts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First experience with andraStent XL implantation in children and adolescents with congenital heart diseases
Authors: Venczelova Zuzana , Tittel Peter , Masura Jozef 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo present our experience with a new type of extra‐large (dilatable up to 25 mm), balloon‐expandable, nonpremounted, cobalt‐chromium peripheral stent with semiopen designed cells: AndraStent.MethodsBetween December 2008 and August 2011, 21 AndraStents in 21 patients were implanted into vessel stenoses of varied localizations. AndraStents XL of 21, 30, and 39 mm in length were used. The median age and weight of patients at stent implantation were 11.6 years (range 2.1–19.1 years) and 36 kg (range 11–82 kg), respectively. The stent was implanted into the left pulmonary artery stenosis (n = 12), into the aortic isthmus (n = 7), into a stenosed aortopulmonary collateral artery (n = 1) and into a stenosed systemic venous tunnel postSenning operation (n = 1).ResultsAll the implantations were successfully performed; there was one major vessel access complication necessitating vascular surgery. The diameter of the vessel stenosis increased significantly (P < 0.05) from a median of 5.7–11 mm. The stent foreshortening was only mild.ConclusionsOur initial results show that AndraStents are implantable and efficacious in different vascular stenoses and present a valuable alternative to the available large stents. With the application of a modified front‐loading technique, they can also be implanted in smaller children. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chitosan‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Enantioselective Michael Reaction
Authors: Qin Yanyan , Zhao Wenshan , Yang Lili , Zhang Xuan , Cui Yuanchen 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTNovel chitosan‐supported cinchona alkaloids have been developed as heterogeneous catalysts for enantioselective Michael reaction. As‐synthesized products as organocatalysts for asymmetric Michael reaction have a high efficiency, providing highly functionalized products (containing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters) with good stereoselectivity (up to 93% enantiomeric excess) in high yields and recyclability (up to five runs). Chirality 24:640–645, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation into the suitability of capillary tubes for microcrystalline testing
Authors: Elie Leonie E. , Baron Mark G. , Croxton Ruth S. , Elie Mathieu P. 
Published: May 2012

A comparison between microcrystalline tests performed on microscope slides and flat capillary tubes with inner diameters ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 mm was carried out to explore the appropriateness of tubes for rapid testing of suspected drugs of abuse in the laboratory as well as in the field. Tests for mephedrone, cocaine, and phencyclidine were chosen as examples to investigate the handling of the capillary tubes, the influence on crystal habit, size, and the effects on the limit of detection. Image stacking software was used to increase the depth of field of micrographs taken from developed microcrystals greatly enhancing the interpretability even months after carrying out the microcrystalline test.Additionally, the potential of seeding capillary tubes with a reagent was studied. Pre‐treatment of tubes would allow microcrystalline tests to be carried out quicker and anywhere without the necessity of taking along expensive and hazardous reagents. The sealing of capillary tubes containing developed microcrystalline tests in order to preserve results for a long period of time was successfully done by applying paraffin wax to the open ends.Finally, it was concluded that capillary tubes are suitable vessels for performing microcrystalline tests. The increased portability of the improved set‐up allows tests to be safely executed outside laboratories without impairing the quality of the result. Findings were applied to six legal high samples purchased online between May and August 2011. The active ingredients like MDAI as well as cutting agents like caffeine were successfully identified using the microcrystalline test technique in capillary tubes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genetic polymorphism in the sex‐linked ATP5A1 gene is associated with individual fitness in Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla)
Authors: Toms Judith D. , Eggert Lori S. , Arendt Wayne J. , Faaborg John 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWhile testing genetic sexing techniques in Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla), we found a genetic polymorphism in the ATP5A1 gene in 38% of individuals. The Z′ allele included changes in both intronic and exonic portions of the sequenced region, but there was no evidence that this changed the resulting ATP synthase product. Males that had one or more copies of this allele had higher relative body mass (mass corrected for size) than other genotypes. This allele was unrelated to stable isotope signatures, and so was not a useful predictor of latitude within the eastern portion of the Ovenbird breeding range. Future studies are needed to determine whether this polymorphism may be a useful geographic marker. This study is the first to link polymorphisms in the sex‐linked ATP5A1 gene with fitness effects.
Effects of leaf hydrophobicity and water droplet retention on canopy storage capacity
Authors: Holder Curtis D. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTCanopy storage capacity is influenced by several variables, including canopy surface area, canopy architecture, and wind. Different species with the same canopy area, but with differences in leaf hydrophobicity and water droplet retention, may produce different values of canopy storage capacity. The objective of this study was to investigate if leaf hydrophobicity and water droplet retention are additional influences on canopy storage capacity. Specifically, this study tested the hypothesis that species with the highest leaf hydrophobicity and the lowest water droplet retention had the lowest canopy storage capacity on a per leaf area basis. Seven tree species from Colorado, United States were selected for experimentation. Five branches from each species were lopped, positioned under a rainfall simulator, and connected to a balance to record the mass gain of the branches by rainfall interception during 17 min of rainfall simulation. Each branch was destructively sampled following rainfall simulation to calculate the leaf and woody surface areas. The rank order of leaf surface storages at canopy storage capacity for each species corresponded to the rank order of leaf hydrophobicity and water droplet retention for each species. Species with the highest leaf surface storage had the lowest leaf hydrophobicity and the lowest water droplet retention. The significance of leaf hydrophobicity and water droplet retention as variables that influence canopy storage capacity is a largely unexplored topic in ecohydrology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanics of interrill erosion with wind‐driven rain
Authors: Erpul Gunay , Gabriels Donald , Norton L. Darrell , Flanagan Dennis C. , Huang Chi‐hua , Visser Saskia M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe vector physics of wind‐driven rain (WDR) differs from that of wind‐free rain, and the interrill soil detachment equations in the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model were not originally developed to deal with this phenomenon. This article provides an evaluation of the performance of the interrill component of the WEPP model for WDR events. The interrill delivery rates were measured in the wind tunnel facility of the International Center for Eremology (ICE), Ghent University, Belgium with an experimental setup to study different raindrop impact velocity vectors. Synchronized wind and rain simulations with wind velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m s–1 were applied to a test surface placed on windward and leeward slopes of 7, 15 and 20%. Since both rainfall intensity and raindrop impact velocity varied greatly depending on differences in the horizontal wind velocity under WDRs, the resultant kinetic energy flux (KEr, in J m–2 s–1) was initially used in place of the WEPP model intensity term in order to incorporate the effect of wind on impact velocity and frequency of raindrops. However, our results showed only minor improvement in the model predictions. For all research data, the model Coefficients of Determination (r2) were 0·63 and 0·71, when using the WEPP and the KEr approaches, respectively. Alternately, integrating the angle of rain incidence into the model by vectorally partitioning normal kinetic energy flux (KErn, in J m–2 s–1) from the KEr greatly improved the model's ability to estimate the interrill sediment delivery rates (r2 = 0·91). This finding suggested that along with the fall trajectory of wind‐driven raindrops with a given frequency, raindrop velocity and direction at the point of impact onto the soil surface provided sufficient physical information to improve WEPP sediment delivery rate predictions under WDR. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Runoff and sediment yield from land under various uses in a Mediterranean mountain area: long‐term results from an experimental station
Authors: Nadal‐Romero Estela , Lasanta Teodoro , García‐Ruiz José M. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study we analyzed runoff and sediment yield from land under various traditional and current land uses in Mediterranean mountain areas, using long‐term data from an experimental station in the Aísa Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees. Monitoring at this station has provided 20 years of data that can help explain the hydrological and geomorphological changes that have been observed at larger spatial scales, and also the changes that have occurred to some of the most characteristic landscapes of the Mediterranean middle mountains. In spite of the problems associated with the use of small experimental plots, the results obtained are consistent with other studies in the Mediterranean region, and confirm the strong influence of land use changes on runoff generation and sediment yield. The results indicate that: (i) cereal cultivation on steep slopes (both alternating cereal cultivation and fallow on sloping fields and shifting agriculture on the steepest slopes) represents a major problem for soil conservation. This explains the occurrence throughout the Mediterranean mountains of many degraded hillslopes, which show evidence of sheet wash erosion, rilling, gullying and shallow landsliding; (ii) farmland abandonment has led to a marked reduction in runoff and sediment yield as a consequence of rapid plant recolonization, particularly by dense shrubs; (iii) the natural transformation of abandoned fields into grazing meadows has reduced runoff and sediment yield. Land use trends in the Mediterranean mountains are mainly characterized by generalized farmland abandonment and a decrease in livestock pressure. From a hydrological and geomorphological point of view the main consequences have been a reduction in overland flow from the hillslopes, and a reduction in sediment sources, with differences up to one order of magnitude in sediment yield from dense shrub cover and grazing meadow areas compared with areas under shifting agriculture. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of the small time instability in the finite element analysis of fluid structure interaction problems
Authors: Afrasiab Hamed , Movahhedy Mohammad R. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, the fluid–structure interaction problem in mechanical systems in which a high frequency vibrating solid structure interacts with the surrounding fluid flow is considered. Such a situation normally appears in many microelectromechanical systems like a wide variety of microfluidic devices. A different implementation of the residual‐based variational multiscale flow method is employed within the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation. The combination of the variational multiscale method with appropriate stabilization parameters is used to handle the so‐called small time step instability in the finite element analysis of the fluid part in the coupled fluid–structure interaction problem. The capability of the employed approach has been demonstrated through finite element study of a benchmark example and FEM simulation of two different mechanical micropumping devices. High frequency vibrations of the solid membrane are used to derive the fluid flow in these micropumps. Results of FEM simulations are shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms in older people with metabolic syndrome: is there a relationship with inflammation?
Authors: Viscogliosi Giovanni , Andreozzi Paola , Chiriac Iulia Maria , Cipriani Elisa , Servello Adriana , Marigliano Benedetta , Ettorre Evaristo , Marigliano Vincenzo 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate if there is a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in older people with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with those without and whether dedpressive symptoms are independently associated to MetS and its single components and to the inflammatory markers.MethodsPhysical parameters, standard blood analytes, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were assessed. Fifteen‐item Geriatric Depression Scale and mini mental state examination (MMSE) were administered.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three subjects were enrolled. MetS patients (57) exhibited higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001), worse cognitive function (p < 0.0001), and higher levels of ESR and hsCRP were higher (p < 0.0001). The univariate analysis showed a linear strong correlation of depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001) with the MMSE score (r = −0.422), body mass index (r = 0.414), MetS (r = 0.582), number of MetS components (r = 0.663), fasting blood glucose (r = 0.565), ESR (r = 0.565), hsCRP (r = 0.745), central obesity (r = 0.269; p = 0.002), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.241; p = 0.005). However, the multivariate analysis showed that only age (B = −0.093; p = 0.032), MetS (B = 1.446; p = 0.025), fasting blood glucose (B = 0.039; p = 0.005), and hsCRP (B = 7.649; p < 0.0001) were independently associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsMetS and inflammation are independently associated with depressive symptoms in older people. Inflammation may explain cognitive decline too. Further investigations are needed to better understand the direction of these associations and to determine whether these can be reversible. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.