bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid biotechnology: Industrially relevant production processes
Authors: Schörken Ulrich , Kempers Peter 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe biotechnological transformation of vegetable oils and animal fats has been successfully developed up to an industrial scale in recent years. However, biotechnology is still a niche technology in the oleochemical industry, which classically relies on chemical transformation processes. Nevertheless, the impact of biotechnology is rising, with an increasing number of biotech‐based products, especially in the area of lipid‐derived specialties, entering the market. In this review we give a summary of the industrially relevant processes in the field of lipid biotechnology.
Diimine Reduction of C=C Double Bonds: Scope and Limitations of the Application to Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: García‐Aranda M. Isabel , González‐Muñiz Rosario , García‐López M. Teresa , Pérez de Vega M. Jesús 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExperiments have been performed to prove the applicability and efficacy of 2‐nitrobenzenesulfonohydrazide in the on‐resin reduction of C=C double bonds of peptide derivatives. The method is useful for the two solid‐phase peptide synthesis strategies, Fmoc/tBu and Boc/Bz, which is compatible with common protecting groups and, in some instances, with other functionalities of interest in the preparation of highly elaborated peptide derivatives/peptidomimetics. The utility of the method has been demonstrated by the clean reduction of a C=C‐bridged 11‐mer cyclic peptide derivative to its hydrocarbon C–C analogue.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Highly Stereoselective and General Synthesis of (E)‐Stilbenes and Alkenes by Means of an Aqueous Wittig Reaction
Authors: McNulty James , Das Priyabrata 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe chemoselective formation of trialkyl(benzylidene) ylides in water and their Wittig reaction with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes provides a practical, stereoselective and environmentally benign route to valuable (E)‐stilbenes and alkenes. The synthesis of the phytoalexin resveratrol is described. In addition, the method allows for a gram‐scale synthesis of the anticancer agent DMU‐212 utilizing no organic solvent at any stage. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Rapid analysis of serotonin and propranolol using miniaturized CE with deep‐UV fluorescence detector
Authors: Belin Gamze Kavran , Seeger Stefan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe design and construction of a miniaturized CE system has been developed for the analysis of clinically important compounds; serotonin and rac‐propranolol. Chiral separation of rac‐propranolol was investigated by using native and derivatized CDs at varios pH levels (e.g. 2.5, 4.0, 6.0, 9.0). Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used for the native direct detection of target compounds. Analysis time obtained under the optimum separation conditions was 84 s. LOD and LOQ values of serotonin were found as low as 22 and 72.6 fg/μL while these limits were 44 and 145.2 fg/μL for popranolol enantiomers, respectively. LOD and LOQ values were found to be the lowest limits reported before. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 40–1500 fg/μL with the determination coefficients between 0.9994 (±0.01) and 0.9997 (±0.02).
Development of a 2‐D apoB peptide profile to detect conformational changes associated with apoB‐containing lipoproteins
Authors: Manocha Marcus , Malinowski Paul , Li Katy , Macri Joseph 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPTMs, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB), are known to be involved with modulating the metabolism of apoB‐containing lipoproteins. Current evidence suggests that intracellular and extracelllular PTM of apoB are associated with various disorders such diabetes, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The ability to identify and characterize the specific PTM of apoB correlating to specific pathologies may improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating apoB metabolism. We have developed an assay to detect PTM and/or conformational changes in apoB isolated from the media of HepG2 cells. Using trypsin digestion in conjunction with 2‐DE and Western blotting, a 2‐D peptide fragment profile of apoB was established. The 2‐D apoB profile was composed of a number of trypsin‐generated fragments having a molecular mass between 10 and 188 kDa and a wide spectrum of isoelectric points. The 2‐D apoB profile obtained from the media of HepG2 cells treated in the presence of agents (tunicamycin and glucosamine) known to modulate the PTM of apoB was distinct from that of control cells. Identifying changes in the 2‐D apoB profile has the potential to not only provide insight into the underlying mechanisms regulating the metabolism of apoB‐containing lipoproteins but may also have important implications for the development of novel diagnostic tools and/or future therapeutic agents.
Chemical gradient‐mediated melting curve analysis for genotyping of SNPs
Authors: Russom Aman , Irimia Daniel , Toner Mehmet 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis report describes a microfluidic solid‐phase chemical gradient‐mediated melting curve analysis method for SNP analysis. The method is based on allele‐specific denaturation to discriminate mismatched (MM) from perfectly matched (PM) DNA duplexes upon exposure to linear chemical gradient. PM and MM DNA duplexes conjugated on beads are captured in a microfluidic gradient generator device designed with dams, keeping the beads trapped perpendicular to a gradient generating channel. Two denaturants, formamide and urea, were tested for their ability to destabilize the DNA duplex by competing with Watson–Crick pairing. Upon exposure to the chemical gradient, rapid denaturing profile was monitored in real time using fluorescence microscopy. The results show that the two duplexes exhibit different kinetics of denaturation profiles, enabling discrimination of MM from PM DNA duplexes to score SNP.
Combinatorial peptide ligand libraries for urine proteome analysis: Investigation of different elution systems
Authors: Candiano Giovanni , Dimuccio Veronica , Bruschi Maurizio , Santucci Laura , Gusmano Rosanna , Boschetti Egisto , Righetti Pier Giorgio , Ghiggeri Gian Marco 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProteome treatments with peptide libraries in view of reducing high‐abundance proteins and increasing the concentration of rare species involve the adsorption on solid‐phase material. Subsequent elution of captured proteins may not be fully effective except when sequences of eluting agents are used. The standard way utilized up to the present has been a three‐ to four‐step, sequential elution system consisting of various agents mixed together such as urea, thiourea, CHAPS, sodium chloride, citric or acetic acid and some polar solvents such as ACN and isopropanol. Elution sequences produce distinct fractions adding to the burden of having to analyze all of them. An alternative, highly effective, single elution to reduce the workload is here reported for the first time, namely elution in boiling 10% SDS added with 3% DTE. This single step elutes almost quantitatively the adsorbed proteins, thus ensuring, for all practical purposes, a full recovery. This high efficiency is believed to be due to the fact that the SDS micelles bury the polypeptide chains within their hydrophobic core, thus shielding them from the surroundings and impeding accidental adsorption to surfaces. Suggestions for selecting the best method to eliminate the excess of SDS for further protein analysis are also evaluated. The merits and limits of this novel system are assessed and discussed.
Upregulation of glycolytic enzymes in proteins secreted from human colon cancer cells with 5‐fluorouracil resistance
Authors: Shin Young‐Kyoung , Yoo Byong Chul , Hong Yong Sang , Chang Hee Jin , Jung Kyung Hae , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Jae‐Gahb 
Published: July 2009

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, resistance to this drug is a major obstacle in CRC chemotherapy. Accurate prediction of response to 5‐FU would avoid unnecessary chemotherapy and allow the selection of other effective drugs. To identify a candidate predictor of 5‐FU resistance, we isolated secreted proteins that were up‐ or downregulated in a 5‐FU‐resistant cancer cell line, compared with the parent cell line (SNU‐C4), using a stable isotope‐coded labeling protocol. For validating the clinical applicability of this method, levels of the identified proteins were determined in the sera of 46 patients treated with 5‐FU. In total, 238 proteins with molecular weights ranging from 50 to 75 kDa were identified. Among these, 45 and 35 secreted proteins were up‐ and downregulated in the 5‐FU‐resistant cell line, respectively. We observed significant upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, including glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase M2 (PK‐M2), transketolase, and NADP(+)‐dependent malic enzyme 1. In particular, the level of PK‐M2, a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, showed an increasing tendency in both sera and tissues from CRC patients displaying no response to 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy (progressive and stable disease cases), compared with that in complete or partial responders to 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy; however, it did not reach the statistical significance. In conclusion, increasing pattern of PK‐M2 observed with 5‐FU resistance induced in vitro and in sera and tissues from CRC patients displaying poor response to 5‐FU‐based chemotherapy suggest the relevance of dysregulated glycolysis and 5‐FU‐resistant CRC.
Charge‐based characterization of nanometric cationic bifunctional maghemite/silica core/shell particles by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: d'Orlyé Fanny , Varenne Anne , Georgelin Thomas , Siaugue Jean‐Michel , Teste Bruno , Descroix Stéphanie , Gareil Pierre 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn view of employing functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) in the context of an immunodiagnostic, aminated maghemite/silica core/shell particles were synthesized so as to be further coated with an antibody or an antigen via the amino groups at their surface. Different functionalization rates were obtained by coating these maghemite/silica core/shell particles with 3‐(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and 2‐[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]‐trimethoxysilane at different molar ratios. Adequate analytical performances with CE coupled with UV‐visible detection were obtained through semi‐permanent capillary coating with didodecyldimethyl‐ammonium bromide, thus preventing particle adsorption. First, the influence of experimental conditions such as electric field strength, injected particle amount as well as electrolyte ionic strength and pH, was evaluated. A charge‐dependent electrophoretic mobility was evidenced and the separation selectivity was tuned according to electrolyte ionic strength and pH. The best resolutions were obtained at pH 8.0, high ionic strength (ca. 100 mM), and low total particle volume fraction (ca. 0.055%), thus eliminating interference effects between different particle populations in mixtures. A protocol derived from Kaiser's original description was performed for quantitation of the primary amino groups attached onto the NP surface. Thereafter a correlation between particle electrophoretic mobility and the density of amino groups at their surface was established. Eventually, CE proved to be an easy, fast, and reliable method for the determination of NP effective surface charge density.
Current separation and detection methods in microdialysis the drive towards sensitivity and speed
Authors: Guihen Elizabeth , O'Connor William T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis review outlines some of the analytical challenges associated with the analysis of microdialysis (MD) samples, in particular, the minute complex sample volumes that are often encountered. In MD sampling many different low‐molecular‐weight molecules can be collected, but the research findings are often limited by the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the analytical technique that is coupled to the dialysis probe. Therefore it is critical that a lot of consideration is given in selecting the most suitable analytical method including the most appropriate detector. This review aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of a range of commonly used analytical methods employed in MD. In Section 1, a brief overview of the MD technique is described, followed by a discussion on some of the advantages and drawbacks of this sampling technique. Sections 2 and 3 examine analytical and other technical considerations regarding analysis, with special emphasis on the factors that specifically influence analytical detection. Section 4 outlines the most commonly employed analytical techniques used in MD, including HPLC coupled with various detectors. Detail is given regarding the LOD and LOQ for many applications using each detector. As MS is of such high importance in MD, a special sub‐section has been devoted to it. The importance of CE is also highlighted, with specific applications described. In addition, analytical techniques that do not appear to have found routine use in MD are discussed. Section 5 is concerned with recent innovations in chemical separation techniques, in particular MCE and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography. Specific applications of the coupling of these techniques with MD are highlighted, along with technical challenges associated with miniaturization. In the Section 6, the future outlook of MD is discussed. Techniques other than electrophoretic‐ and chromatographic based separation methods are outside the scope of this review.
CE of dsDNA in low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene oxide solutions
Authors: Pereira Fiona , Hassard Stuart , Hassard John , deMello Andrew 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTo realise effective size separations of nucleic acid fragments using CE, gel‐based matrices are commonly employed. The separation of label‐free dsDNA ladders and plasmid fragments in an uncross‐linked semi‐dilute poly (ethylene) oxide solution using multi‐pixel UV detection at 254 nm is reported. Improvements in the sensitivity of UV detection of dsDNA using signal averaging over multiple pixels is demonstrated. Separations performed using a diode array detector also allow the progress of the separation to be monitored as a function of time. Several polymers were examined including methyl cellulose, linear polyacrylamide, hydroxy (propyl) methylcellulose and polyethylene oxide. Operations parameters investigated included UV transparency, self‐coating capacity and separation efficiency. The results show complete resolution of all fragments under a range of conditions, including short separation lengths.
DNA migration mechanism analyses for applications in capillary and microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Forster Ryan E. , Hert Daniel G. , Chiesl Thomas N. , Fredlake Christopher P. , Barron Annelise E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn 2009, electrophoretically driven DNA separations in slab gels and capillaries have the sepia tones of an old‐fashioned technology in the eyes of many, even while they remain ubiquitously used, fill a unique niche, and arguably have yet to reach their full potential. For comic relief, what is old becomes new again: agarose slab gel separations are used to prepare DNA samples for “next‐gen” sequencing platforms (e.g. the Illumina and 454 machines) – dsDNA molecules within a certain size range are “cut out” of a gel and recovered for subsequent “massively parallel” pyrosequencing. In this review, we give a Barron lab perspective on how our comprehension of DNA migration mechanisms in electrophoresis has evolved, since the first reports of DNA separations by CE (∼1989) until now, 20 years later. Fused‐silica capillaries and borosilicate glass and plastic microchips quietly offer increasing capacities for fast (and even “ultra‐fast”), efficient DNA separations. While the channel‐by‐channel scaling of both old and new electrophoresis platforms provides key flexibility, it requires each unique DNA sample to be prepared in its own micro or nanovolume. This Achilles' heel of electrophoresis technologies left an opening through which pooled sample, next‐gen DNA sequencing technologies rushed. We shall see, over time, whether sharpening understanding of transitions in DNA migration modes in crosslinked gels, nanogel solutions, and uncrosslinked polymer solutions will allow electrophoretic DNA analysis technologies to flower again. Microchannel electrophoresis, after a quiet period of metamorphosis, may emerge sleeker and more powerful, to claim its own important niche applications.
Component correlations in structure‐specific seismic loss estimation
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. , Lee Dominic S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper addresses correlations between multiple components in structure‐specific seismic loss estimation. To date, the consideration of such correlations has been limited by methodological tractability, increased computational demand, and a paucity of data for their computation. The effect of component correlations, which arises in various forms, is however a significant factor affecting the results of structure‐specific seismic loss estimation and therefore it is prudent that adequate consideration be given to their effect. This paper provides the details of a tractable and computationally efficient seismic loss estimation methodology in which correlations can be considered. Methods to determine the necessary correlations are discussed, particularly those that can be used in the absence of sufficient empirical data, for which values are suggested based on the judgement. The effects of various assumptions regarding correlations are illustrated via application to a case‐study office structure. It is observed that certain correlation assumptions can lead to errors in excess of 50% in the lognormal standard deviation in the loss given intensity and loss hazard relationships, while full consideration of partial correlations is 50 times more computationally expensive than other assumptions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton radiation therapy for primary sphenoid sinus malignancies: Treatment outcome and prognostic factors
Authors: Truong Minh Tam , Kamat Urmila R. , Liebsch Norbert J. , Curry William T. , Lin Derrick T. , Barker Fred G. , Loeffler Jay S. , Chan Annie W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine treatment outcome and prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced primary sphenoid sinus malignancy treated with proton radiation therapy.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2005, 20 patients with primary sphenoid sinus malignancy received proton beam to a median dose of 76 Gray equivalent.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 27 months, the 2‐year local, regional, and freedom from distant metastasis rates were 86%, 86%, and 50%, respectively. The disease‐free and overall‐survival rates at 2 years were 31% and 53%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, oropharyngeal involvement (p = .005) and anterior cranial fossa invasion (p = .02) were predictive for poor disease‐free survival rate. Brain invasion was predictive for decreased overall‐survival rate (p = .05).ConclusionsProton radiation therapy results in excellent local control in patients with advanced primary sphenoid sinus malignancy. Brain invasion, involvement of the oropharynx and anterior cranial fossa are important prognostic factors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Expression of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in medullary thyroid carcinoma: Prognostic implications
Authors: Cavalheiro Beatriz Godoi , Junqueira Consuelo Rodrigues , Brandão Lenine Garcia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Clinical and pathologic examinations cannot always provide a prognosis for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) can act directly on carcinogenesis and takes part in 1 of the processes of metalloproteinase 2 activation, an enzyme related to prognostic impairment of patients with such tumor.Methods.Thirty‐five patients who were submitted to surgery were followed up for an average of 74 months. Postoperative and final medical conditions were characterized for comparison with MT1‐MMP immunostainings, performed in surgical paraffin blocks. A value of p < .05 was considered statistically significant.Results.Proposed index (association of proportion and intensity of immunostaining) and proportion of immunostained cells in primary specimens were correlated with cure or persistence after initial operations (p = .0216 and p = .0098, respectively).Conclusion.MT1‐MMP immunostaining in primary tumor specimens is a new and complementary prognostic predictor in patients with medullary thyroid carcinomas. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Oral sensation and function: A comparison of patients with innervated radial forearm free flap reconstruction to healthy matched controls
Authors: Loewen Irene J. , Boliek Carol A. , Harris Jeffrey , Seikaly Hadi , Rieger Jana M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Limited evidence exists for the use of innervated radial forearm free flap (RFFF) reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects. This study reports on sensation, mastication, and speech outcomes for patients with innervated RFFF reconstruction of the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue.Methods.Sensation, mastication, and speech intelligibility were assessed in 8 patients and age‐ and sex‐matched controls.Results.Sensation of intact tongue tissue after reconstruction of the hemitongue did not differ from controls. Although some sensory ability was restored to patients' reconstructed tongue, differences existed between the patient group and controls. However, whole mouth sensations resulted in similar sensory ability as controls. Whereas patients demonstrated adequate masticatory and speech ability, differences existed between patients and controls.Conclusion.Although some sensory ability is preserved in patients who have had tongue reconstruction with an innervated RFFF, functional outcomes such as masticatory ability and speech intelligibility may be affected in some patients. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Design for usability on supply chain management systems implementation
Authors: Lin Chao‐Hsien , Hwang Sheue‐Ling , Wang Eric Min‐yang , Peng Shu‐Ling 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSupply chain management (SCM) systems implementation has become a fashion due to advances in information technology and pressures of market competition. Unfortunately, successful implementation was rare. In this article, the concept of usability was extended in an explorative case study to crystallize design for usability (DFU) principles in a large‐scale SCM systems implementation project at a leading semiconductor manufacturing company in Taiwan. Proposed was a holistic usability framework to guide the analysis of DFU as well as the compilation of an evidence database composed of design documentation, post hoc evaluation, semistructured interviews, and participant observation. This research revealed a set of usability needs and coping strategies found throughout a series of systems design and redesign processes at the case company. As a result, an emergent usability framework in the form of ICOM (Input, Control, Output, and Mechanism) dimensions was proposed to guide the implementation of SCM systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.