bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Behavior of Large Propellers
Authors: GATZOULIS JULIANI , WERCHNIAK WOLODYMYR , CZYRYCA ERNEST J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper summarizes the findings of an experimental study on the full‐scale stress measurements and fatigue behavior of a full‐size aircraft carrier propeller. Supplementary data on the fatigue characteristics of the manganese bronze propeller material of a patrol craft propeller were included. Fatigue life predictions based on nominal stress and fracture mechanics concepts are analyzed and discussed. There is evidence that with accurate inputs as to stress levels and service loadings, a fracture mechanics approach appears to be a rational method of estimating the fatigue life of large propellers from specimen data.
COMBATANT CAPABILITY—A NEW DIMENSION IN SHIP DESIGN
Authors: KING RANDOLPH W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe traditional approach to ship design involved a recognized sequence of design steps, usually identified as preliminary, contract, and detail design. The first two resulted in a naval architectural ship definition and a list of specified equipments. These provided firm constraint on the third step. Not explicitly or quantitatively addressed was the reason for a warship's existence, its combatant capability in the actual environment. The frequently addressed technical excellence required to produce a ship design is needed in full measure today. Added to the task is a much more sharply defined set of contracts, within the Navy between the technical and operational communities, and externally among the Navy and the hierarchy of review and approval represented by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the Congress. An understanding of this new drum beat and capability to march to it are prime requirements for the Navy's survival. A significant measure of the Navy's effectiveness is the number of ships which we can acquire within expected shipbuilding budget allocations and within cost ceilings and performance floors of “design to cost.” We have made progress in developing a method to assess combatant capability and effect design trade relationships versus top‐level requirements. This paper discusses the need for this new dimension in design. Companion papers will develop the technical rationale and methodology of the simulation which makes possible the capability.
CERAMIC GAS TURBINES FOR IMPROVED SPECIFIC FUEL CONSUMPTION
Authors: VAN REUTH E. C. , McLEAN A. F. , BRATTON R. J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe use of ceramics in gas turbines allows significantly higher inlet temperatures (2500° F) without the necessity of complex cooling designs. A review is presented of the present status of two turbines presently under ARPA sponsorship. The properties, costs, and required design considerations for ceramics are highlighted. Anticipated performance benefits are cited for both small and large turbines.
PROSPECTS IN NAVAL GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT MACHINERY
Authors: RAINS DEAN A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe naval machinery engineer should be constantly alert to possible design improvements as new technology becomes proven. There are many improvements and innovations currently in development by industry and government. Selections from these many new approaches may be incorporated during the evolution of a particular ship design, or may become available earlier as new ship requirements evolve.Prospects for improved gas turbine naval power plant technology that will be available to meet future ship needs are described. New high performance gas turbine engines, machinery maintenance monitoring techniques, improved propulsors such as high skew propellers, waterjets, and pumpjets, advanced speed control and speed reduction devices, combined cycle plants (gas/steam), new fuels, improved anti‐icing techniques, and superconducting electric drive machinery are discussed. Potential applications of this machinery technology are described to demonstrate how design change is an important part of the professional life of the naval machinery engineer.
DESIGN OF AN INTEGRATED BRIDGE
Authors: PUCKETT LANNY , GOWEN ROBERT H. , MOE GERALD L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWhile significant changes have occurred in many areas of ship design during the past 50 years, surface ship bridges have basically remained the same. An increased awareness by the Navy of the need for reducing the manning required to operate Naval ships has led to a renewed interest in bridge design. This paper will describe the efforts which have gone into the design of an Integrated Bridge which will be built and evaluated on an existing DE‐1052 bridge. This system, which incorporates the latest in modern navigation and control equipment, will allow a significant reduction in the number of bridge watchstanders, and in addition will improve the command and control capabilities of the ship. In particular, the following areas will be discussed: the input from Fleet personnel as to specific bridge control information requirements; the human engineering of the console layout; the adaptation of commercial collision avoidance systems to Navy application; and the use of digitally stored charts for piloting. Other features of the Integrated Bridge which are new to Navy ships will also be described.
SHIPBOARD WASTE DISPOSAL: CORROSION STUDIES FOR WET‐AIR‐OXIDATION PROCESS
Authors: VREELAND D. C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTWet‐air‐oxidation is being considered as a candidate for the shipboard treatment of water‐borne organic wastes. Corrosion studies have been conducted with a number of alloys, subjecting them to wet‐air‐oxidation conditions, with a view to identifying those most suitable for the construction of process vessels.The results of the corrosion work were integrated with information from alloy manufacturers and the literature. Under the test conditions used, the results indicate that from a corrosion standpoint, for use in wet‐air‐oxidation process equipment with salt‐water sewage the most promising materials are two Nickel‐Chromium‐Molybdenum alloys and a Titanium alloy containing one percent Nickel. Fresh‐water sewage was much less corrosive than was salt‐water sewage. Before final material selection, detailed information should be obtained concerning fabricability, availability, joining and cost of the candidate materials.
EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS GOES DEEP
Authors: PALERMO PETER M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT“No one believes experimental data except the man who takes it, but everyone believes the results of a theoretical analysis except the man who makes it.” (Testing Topics, Baldwin‐Lima‐Hamilton Corporation, Vol. 8, 1st Quarter 1953).The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly the role of experimental test results in advancing design and analysis capabilities for submarine structures. The background of the impact of submarine model testing on analytical methods is traced from the German efforts in 1914 through present day United States efforts at the Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Emphasis is placed on instrumentation and testing of prototype submarines on initial sea trials and the correlation of small‐scale, large‐scale and prototype results with available analysis.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR PRODUCTION OF SHIPBOARD FRESHWATER
Authors: ADAMSON W.L. , RANKIN B.H. , HUCKENPOEHLER W.B. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to determine the nature and quantities of energy consumed to produce freshwater on board U.S. Navy ships and to ascertain how that energy consumption might be reduced. Values for energy usage were calculated from available ship heat balances and distilling plant technical manuals. The effects of ship operation on distiller economy were accounted for by factoring in the ship's operational profile, electrical conversion efficiency, boiler efficiency, and auxiliary exhaust steam availability. Results of the analysis showed that freshwater production required approximately 2 percent of all energy consumed aboard ship which equates to a fuel oil cost of 22 million dollars per year for the Fleet. Factors contributing to the high energy consumption of 434 Btu per pound of freshwater were: poor electrical energy conversion and boiler efficiencies, and distiller designs that emphasize weight, volume, and reliability more than fuel economy. Recommended methods for reducing total energy for freshwater production are: reuse of wastewater; reduction of water consumption; investigation of more efficient desalination processes; improvement of electrical conversion and boiler efficiencies; and investigation of actual ship operations and ship's logs to determine more accurately areas of potential water reduction.
NAVAL SUPPORT A UGMENTED BY MERCHANT SHIPS
Authors: WEINTRAUB STEPHEN P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper takes the proposition that at the present time National Defense interests could be better served than they are under the existing Merchant Marine Act; probably much better served by incorporating some modifications to that act; and that action must be taken to seek improvement or our seaborne naval posture will continue to be woefully inadequate. This paper also presumes to state that the Defense Establishment has not recognized that the Merchant Marine can be used as an adjunct to our Navy ships, not as a competitor, and that this use will in fact enhance the capability of Navy manned and operated ships. On the other hand, the Department of Commerce has not been as active as it might have been in the pursuit of construction subsidies to those ships which offer a potential for National Defense as well as for commerce.This paper makes general suggestions to resolve these differences and some specific changes to National Defense requirement, and develops a rationale as to Navy needs and sealift capacity to justify this approach.The paper does not address the general use of commercial ships in a war or emergency sealift capacity.
INTEGRATED BRIDGE SYSTEM
Authors: COX LAMAR , PUCKETT LANNY , GOWEN ROBERT H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAn Integrated Bridge System (IBS) was developed and installed aboard an FF 1052 Class destroyer for the evaluation of its functional performance and reduced manning features. The program was initiated to improve the cost—effectiveness of performing ship control functions by applying integration and automation (including computer technology) to reduce the manpower required to operate the ship's bridge. Features of the latest in navigation and control equipments were designed into the Integrated Bridge System. Functions provided include: communications, weapons and ship safety, navigation and collision avoidance, steering and propulsion control, and data and voice logging. When proven “at—sea,” the system should lead to a significant step forward in ship control for the U.S. Navy.System objectives and functional design have previously been reported. More attention will be given here to video processing of radar signals and the mechanization of computer—generated chart displays.
THE RESERVE MERCHANT SHIP DEFENSE SYSTEM (RMSDS)
Authors: BASILE NORMAN K. , MASHIN NORMAN P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe prototype Reserve Merchant Ship Defense System (RMSDS) Facility will provide a base for naval helicopter operations on board a commercial Containership with minimal time and ship conversion effort.Basically, the design makes use of ISO dimensioned compatible modules to provide for living and operational support facilities for a Navy support detachment. Initially, the design has been developed to suit the LIGHTING Class of Containership and will support four SH—3H type helicopters and a naval detachment of sixty—five officers and men.This facility consist of four major elements, which are: Flight Deck, Accommodation Array, Hangar Array, and JP—5 Fuel System Storage and Service Array.Modular construction will be utilized to the maximum extent possible so as to aid in assembly, disassembly, and transportation of the RMSDS Facility. Interconnections between the various modules are all of the quick disconnect type, in keeping with the modular concept, thereby minimizing the potential for delays in assembly and disassembly.The RMSDS Facility is fully capable of sustaining and supporting SH—3 helicopter operations, including necessary command—and—control, maintenance/logistics support, integral personnel support facilities and provision of its own electric power for all uses within the complex. The services to be supplied by the host Containership are limited to fresh and salt water services as well as emergency electrical power (However, the RMSDS Facility DOES have additional back—up electrical power). Furthermore, to minimize development and fabrication costs of the RMSDS Facility, approved commercial marine equipment was utilized wherever possible.The logistic and tactical advantages, of the RMSDS/Intermodal Transportation System combination are explored and explained.Various alternative naval missions all utilizing various forms of VSTOL aircraft (SH—3, RH—53, CH—S3, AV—8A) are briefly described: Mine Counter Measures, Harbor Defense and Riverine Warfare, Marine Air Wing Auxiliary Support Base, RPV Support Base, Forward Medevac Base, and Troop Sealift Augmentation Facility.An extension of RMSDS—type technology to non—container ships is explored. Large tankers, with substantial beam and great length, appear to be interesting candidates for service as host ships for larger RMSDS—type aviation support facilities.National interest missions are also susceptible to accomplishment by RMSDS—type Facilities, including disaster relief, search and rescue, fisheries patrol, and research as examples.In addition, such a modularized facility could be readily configured as a mobile trade exhibition vehicle for visits to friendly and non—aligned nations.RMSDS is an outstanding example of a potentially costeffective means of substantially enhancing the operational capabilities of the Fleet at a very modest cost.
A TOWED PLANING HULL SLED FOR FAST SURFACE DELIVERY OF POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Authors: WARD RUSSELL S. , LARRABEE RICHARD M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA Fast Surface Delivery System was developed at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory, Panama City, Florida, for the U.S. Coast Guard to provide an efficient means to deliver and off—load pollution control equipment at sea. A planing hull sled, towable by surface vessel and helicopter, was designed as the transportation vehicle. The all—aluminum sled is 45–feet long and has a 15–foot beam. The system can deliver a 20,000–pound payload and can be unloaded at sea manually. Test results have shown that the equipment—loaded sled can be safely and efficiently towed by an HH3F helicopter at speeds up to 50 knots and by a Coast Guard 82–foot WPB at speeds up to 17 knots in Sea State 3 or less.The empty sled at rest in the water lies with the aft end submerged. Sled mounted hand winches are used to inhaul and secure the floating payload. After the sled is underway, the water drains, the stem comes up, and the sled hydroplanes. At the deployment site, quick—release hooks on the lines securing the equipment to the sled are tripped and the stern submerges, leaving the payload floating free.
A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A COGAS PROPULSION PLANT
Authors: ABBOTT JACK W. , McINTIRE JOHN G. , RUBIS C. JOSEPH 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper provides a dynamic analysis of a COGAS Propulsion Plant, including mathematical modeling and simulation, and concludes with the results of a COGAS simulation which indicates encouraging conclusions regarding the control of a COGAS plant.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW STEAM CHARTS
Authors: POTTER JAMES H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTRecently the Author prepared a new set of STEAM CHARTS. The principal thermodynamic properties in the superheat, compressed liquid, and vapor regions were plotted in the “h—v” plane in both the U.S. Customary Units and the S.I. (Metric) Units, thereby making available a great amount of information in a very compact volume. The results of this effort were published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This paper reports on the need for, and the preparation of, the new STEAM CHARTS at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
SEAMOD – A NEW WAY TO DESIGN, CONSTRUCT, AND MODERNIZE NAVY COMBATANT SHIPS
Authors: LAWSON CHARLES E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper complements the Author's presentation [4] at the ASE 14th Technical Symposium of March 1977 and previous papers on “Modularity” published in the JOURNAL. It briefly and concisely summarizes the current technical status of the SEAMOD Program and the Navy's present intentions regarding Implementation of the SEAMOD concept.
VENT SYSTEM OVERPRESSURIZATION
Authors: FLESSNER MICHAEL F. , SWANEK RICHARD A. , WILSON ROBERT P. , RAJ PHANI P. K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTVenting systems are employed on marine vessels to relieve pressure differences which arise between the cargo tank and the ambient. In the case of closed ganging or a vapor recovery system, there will be a pressure rise in the tank which depends upon the cargo pumping rate and the vapor relief capacity of the vent system. If the system does not have the proper capacity, or if there is an accidental overfill, tank failure may occur.An analytical study of venting systems was carried out and the results have been confirmed by scale—model experiments. Typical venting systems in use today have more than adequate capacity for gas venting, but inadequate capacity for liquid overfill. Cargo volatility has a relatively small effect on the hazard evaluation, but many cargo transfer operations currently equal or exceed permissible overfill, having ratios of 30 ft/sec and greater. Furthermore, tank failure is expected within a very short time (less than one minute).A method for evaluating overpressure hazard during cargo loading operations is presented.
HYDROSTATIC STABILITY OF LARGE HYDROFOIL CRAFT
Authors: ADEE BRUCE H. , MATHEWSON EDWARD L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTPredictions of the weight fraction of the strut and foil system for large hydrofoil craft based on extrapolation from existing smaller vessels indicate that the strut and foil system will require an increasing percentage of the weight as vessel size increases. These projections have led to the belief that there is an upper bound on the size of hydrofoil craft.In order to maintain reasonable drafts in the hullbome mode, hydrofoil ships must have retractable foil systems. For larger craft, where the relative weight of the foil system is large, retracting the foils will have a considerable effect on the position of the vertical Center of Gravity. Consequently, a large hydrofoil craft operating with foils retracted may encounter a critical hydrostatic stability problem.This paper examines the potential stability problems which large hydrofoils will have to overcome. In particular, a 1,378 ton hydrofoil, for which the conceptual design has been completed, is studied in the various hullbome operating configurations. Results of a stability analysis are presented and compared with the Navy's stability criteria.Preliminary weight estimates for this large hydrofoil indicate that earlier extrapolations of the weight fraction of the strut and foil system may be excessive. The calculations also show that the stability must be improved when the vessel is operating with foils retracted. Two methods of improving stability in this condition are suggested and their effect examined.
REVERSE‐OSMOSIS DESALINATION FOR SHIPBOARD POTABLE WATER
Authors: ADAMSON WAYNE L. , PIZZINO JOSEPH F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTReverse‐Osmosis (RO) desalination is under development at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center to provide a low power, reliable, minimum weight and volume source of freshwater for nonsteam‐powered ship. Investigations of reverse‐osmosis systems and components conducted at a seawater test site have demonstrated significant progress in extending membrane life and system performance through improved prefiltration and water pretreatment techniques. Water pretreatment methods evaluated included chlorination, utrafiltration, cartridge filtration, flocculation, and diatomaceous earth filtration. Operating experience with a 2,000 gal/day RO unit installed aboard MONOB (YAG‐61) is discussed. Future plans include the development of a 12,000 gal/day system suitable for installation aboard combatant ships.
SHIPBOARD DATA MULTIPLEX SYSTEM: A NEW CONCEPT FOR WARSHIP ELECTRONIC SYSTEM INTEGRA TION
Authors: WAPNER MARTIN 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Shipboard Data Multiplex System (SDMS) is a general purpose information transfer system directed toward fulfilling the internal data Intercommunication requirements of a variety of naval combatant ships and submarines in the 1980–1990 time frame. The need for a modern data transfer system of the size and capability of SDMS has been increase in unison with the sophistication of shipboard electronic equipment and the associated magnitude of equipment‐to‐equipment signal traffic.Instead of the miles of unique cabling that must be specifically designed for each ship, SDMS will meet information transfer needs with general‐purpose multiplex cable that will be Installed according to a standard plan that does not vary with changes to the ship's electronics suite. Perhaps the greatest impact of SDMS will be the decoupling of ship subsystems from each other and from the ship. Standard multiplex interfaces will avoid the cost and delay of modifying subsystems to make them compatible. The ability to wire a new ship according to a standard multiplex cable plan, long before the ship subsystems are fully defined, frees both the ship and the subsystems to develop at their own pace, will allow compression of the development schedules and will provide ships with more advanced subsystems.This paper describes the SDMS system currently being developed by the U.S. Navy.
A MID‐MIX WARSHIP DESIGN STRATEGY
Authors: ECKHART M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTProgressive worsening of naval ship acquisition circumstances over this decade has overtaken the HI‐MIX/LO‐MIX concept as an effective approach to dealing with warship cost constraints. Management‐based strategies have been proved incapable of getting to the design causes of ship cost effects so as to enable controlled balancing of performance and cost goals. Warship acquisition difficulties have been compounded. Consequently, by loss of R&D momentum, its effect greatly expands the design scope and technical burdens of future warship acquisitions. A responsive design‐based strategy is described in the context of being the next logical stage in the evolution of ship acquisition concepts.
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION AND WEAPON SYSTEM ELECTRICAL POWER MANAGEMENT USING SOLID‐STATE POWER CONTROLLERS
Authors: FRAZER RICHARD A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTModern weapons systems are complex and highly sophisticated. They must respond t o enemy attack in seconds. However, the hundmds o f electrical overcurrent protection devices required can adversely affect the survivability of weapons systems and ships. Small, low‐current circuit breakers trip when exposed to high‐impact shock. Both circuit breakers and fuses require manual repctions to restore protected elements to the operational state; circuit breakers must be reset and fuses must be replaced.The regular design review process for the AEGIS Weapon System Identified Mpping of circuit breakers in AN/SPY‐1A radar electronics cabinets during shock tests as a potential problem area. Plans hnve been submitted that caU for extensive utilization of new electronics technology and the employment of new EIccMcal Power Management (EPOM) Concepts.Low‐current solid‐state electrodc devices developed for the AIR FORCE and NASA should provide the answer to shock‐tripping problems and also eliminate many time‐consuming manual responses. A computer‐controlled EPOM network can automatically switch elecMcal power to hundreds of weapon‐system circuit elements. This concept offers many advantages, all of which improve the survivability of U.S. NAVY ships in the battle environment.