bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Plant Specialized Metabolites Using Computational Metabolomics Strategies
Authors: Mutabdžija Lana , Myoli Akhona , de Jonge Niek F. , Damiani Tito , Schmid Robin , van der Hooft Justin J. J. , Tugizimana Fidele , Pluskal Tomáš 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites have diversified vastly over the course of plant evolution, and they are considered key players in complex interactions between plants and their environment. The chemical diversity of these metabolites has been widely explored and utilized in agriculture and crop enhancement, the food industry, and drug development, among other areas. However, the immensity of the plant metabolome can make its exploration challenging. Here we describe a protocol for exploring plant specialized metabolites that combines high-resolution mass spectrometry and computational metabolomics strategies, including molecular networking, identification of structural motifs, as well as prediction of chemical structures and metabolite classes.
Lifting of superconformal descendants in the D1-D5 CFT
Authors: Hughes Marcel R.R. , Mathur Samir D. , Mehta Madhur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider D1-D5-P states in the untwisted sector of the D1-D5 orbifold CFT where we excite one copy of the seed CFT with a left-moving superconformal descendant. When the theory is deformed away from this region of moduli space these states can ‘lift’, despite being BPS at the orbifold point. For descendants formed from the supersymmetry $${G}_{\dot{A},-s}^{\alpha }$$ and R-symmetry $${J}_{-n}^{a}$$ current modes we obtain explicit results for the expectation value of the lifts for various subfamilies of states at second order in the deformation parameter. A smooth ∼ $$\sqrt{h}$$ behaviour is observed in the lifts of these subfamilies for large dimensions. Using covering space Ward identities we then find a compact expression for the lift of the above $${J}_{-n}^{a}$$ descendant states valid for arbitrary dimensions. In the large-dimension limit this lift scales as ∼ $$\sqrt{h}$$, strengthening the conjecture that this is a universal property of the lift of D1-D5-P states. We observe that the lift is not simply a function of the total dimension, but depends on how the descendant level is partitioned amongst modes.
Gesunde Lebenserwartung: Ein kritischer Blick auf Nutzen und Potenziale des demographischen Gesundheitsindikators
Authors: Luy Marc 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie demographische Alterung hat vielfältige gesellschaftliche Konsequenzen, deren Ausmaß wesentlich vom Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung abhängt. Um diesen analysieren und bewerten zu können, wurden spezielle Kennziffern entwickelt, die in diesem Beitrag mit dem Überbegriff „gesunde Lebenserwartung“ (GLE) bezeichnet werden. Die Herleitung der GLE ist zwar intuitiv und leicht nachvollziehbar. Allerdings verdeckt eine zu einfache Interpretation die große Komplexität, die der Erweiterung der Sterbetafel um die Gesundheitsdimension innewohnt. Diese macht die GLE im Vergleich zur klassischen Lebenserwartung (LE) extrem empfindlich gegenüber verschiedensten konzeptionellen und methodischen Aspekten. In dem Beitrag wird dies für 3 Aspekte genauer dargestellt: die zugrunde liegende Definition von Gesundheit, die Wahl der Datenquelle als Grundlage für die Schätzung des Gesundheitszustands und das Berichtsverhalten der Survey-Teilnehmer. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Auswirkung auf die GLE enorm sein kann, was zu erheblichen Verzerrungen bei der Interpretation von Niveaus und Trends, aber auch bei der Analyse von Unterschieden zwischen Bevölkerungen führt. Nichtsdestotrotz ist die Erweiterung der klassischen LE zur GLE eine wichtige Errungenschaft, die nicht aufgegeben werden darf. Deswegen werden in dem Beitrag auch Möglichkeiten diskutiert, wie der GLE-Indikator robuster und zuverlässiger gemacht werden könnte. Bis dies erreicht ist, darf die hohe methodische Sensibilität der GLE aber nicht ignoriert werden, wenn man mit ihr den Gesundheitszustand von Bevölkerungen bewertet und sie als Grundlage für gesundheitspolitische Maßnahmen herangezogen wird.
Positionspapier der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Chirurgischen Gesellschaft – zur Zukunft der chirurgischen Weiterbildung
Authors: Hillebrandt Karl H. , Dobrindt Eva , Krenzien Felix , Moosburner Simon , Pratschke Johann ,   Teilnehmer der Neuhardenberger Gespräche in Vertretung der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Chirurgischen Gesellschaft, Adam Ulrich , Bauer Georg , Benckert Christoph , Bereuter Mike , Beyer Katharina , Bobbert Peter , Böttger Joachim , Chen Yao , Estévez Schwarz Lope , Farke Stefan , Fleck Ullrich , Frakowiak Marek , Fritzsch Georg , Gellert Klaus , Heidemann Hannelore , Heise Michael , Hesse Matthias , Kertmen Ercan , König Yüksel , Kraas Ernst , Krüger Colin M. , Kube Rainer , Kürbis Stefan , Lenz Stefan , Loss Martin , Marusch Frank , Müller Mario , Müller Arnd , Oeder Carolin , Puhl Gero , Rost Thomas , Scheibel Markus , Scherer Roland , Schmelzle Moritz , Steinmüller Thomas , Stöckle Ulrich , Strozyk Sophie , Thielemann Henryk , Vetter Heinz-Peter , von Kirchbach Arndt , Weiß Sascha 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die chirurgische Weiterbildung steht vor der anspruchsvollen Aufgabe, technische Fortschritte und Patientensicherheit in Einklang zu bringen, insbesondere im Kontext der geplanten Krankenhausreform. Zusätzlich stellen der Generationswechsel und veränderte Ansprüche der Generationen Y und Z an den Arbeitsplatz weitere Herausforderungen dar. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, hat die Berlin-Brandenburgische Chirurgische Gesellschaft (BCG) während der „Neuhardenberger Gespräche“ eine strukturierte Diskussion initiiert und ein Positionspapier erarbeitet.

Methodik
Im Rahmen der Neuhardenberger Gespräche fanden vier Sitzungen mit Impulsvorträgen und Diskussionen statt. Auf Grundlage der Hauptdiskussionspunkte wurden anschließend Thesen und Positionen erstellt, über die digital abgestimmt wurde.

Ergebnisse
Die Resultate zeigen einen klaren Konsens für flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle, frühere Spezialisierungsmöglichkeiten und die Integration externer Rotationen in die chirurgische Weiterbildung. In Bezug auf Talentakquisition und Frührekrutierung von Weiterbildungsassistent*innen zeigte sich ein eindeutiger Konsens für die Förderung von Mitarbeiterengagement und strukturierte Frührekrutierung von Studierenden. Es herrschte Einigkeit hinsichtlich der Einführung von Weiterbildungsverbänden als wirksames Mittel, um eine hochwertige chirurgische Weiterbildung zu gewährleisten.

Diskussion
Einer der zentralen Punkt in den Diskussionen war, dass eine hochwertige chirurgische Weiterbildung nur in Weiterbildungsverbänden realisierbar sein wird, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der anstehende Krankenhausreform. Die BCG plant die Ausarbeitung eines modularen Weiterbildungsverbands, um die chirurgische Weiterbildung in Berlin/Brandenburg zukunftsfähig zu gestalten.
Firm cooperation policies: the impact of territorial spillovers
Authors: Caragliu Andrea , Landoni Paolo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch on program evaluation, and in particular on firm cooperation policies, has been scant on the impact of space-specific characteristics on program impacts. Few studies have analyzed how spatial features, that are sticky and non-mobile, may affect the intensity of a program’s effect on the targeted economic outcome. This paper uses a regional program (ERGON1) aimed at fostering the creation of Network Contracts to shed light on the contribution of spatial features to policy effectiveness. Network Contracts have been introduced in Italy with Law 9 April 2009, N. 33 to stimulate the formation of firm aggregations and to increase economic efficiency for network members. Empirical results, using Propensity Score Matching Estimates, suggest a positive and causative relation between membership in a Network Contract and firm productivity. Furthermore, evidence suggests that matching for urban characteristics significantly improves matching quality. Evidence is thus provided on the relevance of spatial features in shaping the returns to policies, thereby suggesting that ignoring such features may provide a biased picture of the true effect of a program.
Subjektive Belastung durch Sichtkontrollen bei Urinabgaben im Rahmen von Abstinenzüberprüfungen
Authors: Holzer A. , Graw M. , Hameder A. , Eppler M. , Schick S. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Laut einem Beschluss des Bundesverfassungsgerichts (Aktenzeichen: 2 BvR 1630/21) stellt eine Urinabgabe unter Sichtkontrolle in einer Justizvollzugsanstalt einen schwerwiegenden Eingriff in das allgemeine Persönlichkeitsrecht dar, der die Intimsphäre eines Inhaftierten berührt. Auch bei Dopingkontrollen fühlen sich immer wieder Athleten durch das beobachtete Urinieren beeinträchtigt. Es liegen jedoch bislang kaum Daten vor, die die psychische Belastung einer Urinabgabe im Rahmen von Abstinenzüberprüfungen, z. B. bei Fahreignungsbegutachtungen oder Bewährungsauflagen, untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 100 Personen (davon 84 % männlich), die sich in 5 Entnahmestellen in Bayern, Thüringen und Baden-Württemberg zur Abstinenzkontrolle mittels Urinprobe vorstellten, fragebogenbasiert zu ihrer subjektiven Wahrnehmung der Sichtkontrolle und dem Wunsch nach einem nicht näher definierten, kosten- und zeitintensiveren alternativen Verfahren befragt.

Ergebnisse
Es gaben 37 % der Probanden (n = 31) und 44 % der Probandinnen (n = 7) an, die Sichtkontrollen nicht als unangenehm zu empfinden, wohingegen 12 % der männlichen (n = 10) und 31 % der weiblichen Untersuchten (n = 5) diese Methode als „sehr unangenehm“ oder sogar „unerträglich“ wahrnehmen. Während 75 % der Beteiligten kein alternatives Verfahren wünschen, sind 32 Personen bereit, einen zunächst begrenzten zeitlichen und/oder finanziellen Mehraufwand in ein solches Verfahren zu investieren.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung legen nahe, dass die Urinabgaben unter Sichtkontrollen mit keiner wesentlichen psychischen Belastung für 85 % der untersuchten Personen einhergehen und offenbar kein vermehrtes Interesse an einem mit Zeit- und Kostenmehraufwand verbundenen alternativen Verfahren vorliegt.
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation to derive a metabolism factor for estimating the aggregate exposure to salicylic acid after dermal exposure of its esters
Authors: Najjar Abdulkarim , Grégoire Sebastien , Nicol Beate , Natsch Andreas , Golbamaki Nazanin , Boisleve Fanny , Irizar Amaia , Wall Brian , Swinscoe Angus , Masini-Etévé Valérie , Selechnik Dan , Api Anne Marie , Griem Peter , Hewitt Nicola , Cardamone Estefania 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs part of the safety assessment of salicylate esters in cosmetics, we developed a metabolism factor based on in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) to provide a better estimation of the aggregate internal exposure to the common metabolite, salicylic acid. Optimal incubation conditions using human liver S9 were identified before measuring salicylic acid formation from 31 substances. Four control substances, not defined as salicylic esters but which could be mistaken as such due to their nomenclature, did not form salicylic acid. For the remaining substances, higher in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint, in vitro) values generally correlated with lower LogP values. A “High-Throughput Pharmacokinetic” (HTPK) model was used to extrapolate CLint, in vitro values to human in vivo clearance and half-lives. The latter were used to calculate the percentage of substance metabolised to salicylic acid in 24 h in vivo following human exposure to the ester, i.e. the “metabolism factor”. The IVIVE model correctly reproduced the observed elimination rate of 3 substances using in silico or in vitro input parameters. For other substances, in silico only-based predictions generally resulted in lower metabolism factors than when in vitro values for plasma binding and liver S9 CLint, in vitro were used. Therefore, in vitro data input provides the more conservative metabolism factors compared to those derived using on in silico input. In conclusion, these results indicate that not all substances contribute equally (or at all) to the systemic exposure to salicylic acid. Therefore, we propose a realistic metabolism correction factor by which the potential contribution of salicylate esters to the aggregate consumer exposure to salicylic acid from cosmetic use can be estimated.
Carotenoid skin ornaments as flexible indicators of male foraging behavior in a marine predator: Variation among Mexican colonies of brown booby (Sula leucogaster)
Authors: Michael Nathan P. , Torres Roxana , Welch Andreanna J. , Felis Jonathan , Adams Josh , Bonillas-Monge Mario Erandi , Hodgson Samantha , Lopez-Marquez Laura , Martínez-Flores Alejandro , Castro-Mejias Gala Enidh , Wiley Anne E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarotenoid-dependent ornaments can reflect animals’ diet and foraging behaviors. However, this association should be spatially flexible and variable among populations to account for geographic variation in optimal foraging behaviors. We tested this hypothesis using populations of a marine predator (the brown booby, Sula leucogaster) that forage across a gradient in ocean depth in and near the Gulf of California. Specifically, we quantified green chroma for two skin traits (foot and gular color) and their relationship to foraging location and diet of males, as measured via global positioning system tracking and stable carbon isotope analysis of blood plasma. Our three focal colonies varied in which foraging attributes were linked to carotenoid-rich ornaments. For gular skin, our data showed a shift from a benthic prey-green skin association in the shallow waters in the north to a pelagic prey-green skin association in the deepest waters to the south. Mean foraging trip duration and distance of foraging site from coast also predicted skin coloration in some colonies. Finally, brown booby colonies varied in which trait (foot versus gular skin color) was associated with foraging metrics. Overall, our results indicate that male ornaments reflect quality of diet and foraging–information that may help females select mates who are adapted to local foraging conditions and therefore, are likely to provide better parental care. More broadly, our results stress that diet-dependent ornaments are closely linked to animals’ environments and that we cannot assume ornaments or ornament signal content are ubiquitous within species, even when ornaments appear similar among populations.
Ultrasound supports clinical decision-making in determining the Sanders’ skeletal maturity score of the hand
Authors: Wagner Ferdinand , König Stefanie , Wuermeling Quirin Johannes , Sitzberger Alexandra , Paolini Marco , Weigert Annabelle , Lauseker Michael , Endres Felix , Schneller Julia , Hubertus Jochen , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Birkenmaier Christof , Ziegler Christian Max 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Sanders Scoring System has revolutionized the way we assess the remaining growth potential of the skeleton. However, because it involves radiation exposure, it must be used with caution in children. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the Sanders skeletal maturity score (SMS) could be accurately determined using ultrasound (U).

Methods
We took radiographs (R) of the hand and performed U of the thumb and index finger in 115 patients between six and 19 years of age who were undergoing treatment for scoliosis or limb deformities. Paediatric orthopaedic surgeons, a paediatrician, and a paediatric radiologist were evaluated the blinded images. Those classified images are based on the SMS and the Thumb Ossification Composite Index (TOCI).

Results
Intrarater reliability was high for SMS and slightly weaker for TOCI, but still significant. Interrater reliability was clear for R and weaker for U in both staging systems. Ultimately, SMS 3 and 7 achieved the highest percentage of concordance (P) of 71.7% and 66.0%, respectively, when U was performed. Combining the clinically relevant groups of SMS 3&4 and SMS 7&8 also significantly increased peak scores (SMS 3 and 4 P = 76.7%; SMS 7 and 8 P = 79.7%). The probabilities of peak scores were significantly weaker when the TOCI score was examined.

Conclusion
Our study shows that U can be used effectively especially to measure stages 3 and 4 and stages 7 and 8 of SMS. The U method is easy to use and therefore may offer advantages in clinical practice without the need for radiation exposure.
Multiparametric prenatal imaging characterization of fetal brain edema in Chiari II malformation might help to select candidates for fetal surgery
Authors: Shi Hui , Prayer Florian , Kienast Patric , Khalaveh Farjad , Nasel Christian , Binder Julia , Watzenboeck Martin. L. , Weber Michael , Prayer Daniela , Kasprian Gregor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To identify brain edema in fetuses with Chiari II malformation using a multiparametric approach including structural T2-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, and MRI-based radiomics.

Methods
A single-center retrospective review of MRI scans obtained in fetuses with Chiari II was performed. Brain edema cases were radiologically identified using the following MR criteria: brain parenchymal T2 prolongation, blurring of lamination, and effacement of external CSF spaces. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were calculated from regions of interest (ROI), including hemispheric parenchyma, internal capsule, and corticospinal tract, and compared group-wise. After 1:1 age matching and manual single-slice 2D segmentation of the fetal brain parenchyma using ITK-Snap, radiomics features were extracted using pyradiomics. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of the features regarding discriminating subgroups were calculated.

Results
Ninety-one fetuses with Chiari II underwent a total of 101 MRI scans at a median gestational age of 24.4 weeks and were included. Fifty scans were visually classified as Chiari II with brain edema group and showed significantly reduced external CSF spaces compared to the nonedema group (9.8 vs. 18.3 mm, p < 0.001). FA values of all used ROIs were elevated in the edema group (p < 0.001 for all ROIs). The 10 most important radiomics features showed an AUC of 0.81 (95%CI: 0.71, 0.91) for discriminating between Chiari II fetuses with and without edema.

Conclusions
Brain edema in fetuses with Chiari II is common and radiologically detectable on T2-weighted fetal MRI sequences, and DTI-based FA values and radiomics features provide further evidence of microstructure differences between subgroups with and without edema.

Clinical relevance statement
A more severe phenotype of fetuses with Chiari II malformation is characterized by prenatal brain edema and more postnatal clinical morbidity and disability. Fetal brain edema is a promising prenatal MR imaging biomarker candidate for optimizing the risk-benefit evaluation of selection for fetal surgery.

Key Points

Brain edema of fetuses prenatally diagnosed with Chiari II malformation is a common, so far unknown, association.

DTI metrics and radiomics confirm microstructural differences between the brains of Chiari II fetuses with and without edema.

Fetal brain edema may explain worse motor outcomes in this Chiari II subgroup, who may substantially benefit from fetal surgery.

Graphical Abstract
Super-mini PCNL (SMP) with suction versus standard PCNL for the management of renal calculi of 1.5 cm–3 cm: a randomized controlled study from a university teaching hospital
Authors: Kankaria Sanket , Gali Kasi Viswanath , Chawla Arun , Bhaskara Sunil Pillai , Hegde Padmaraj , Somani Bhaskar , de la Rosette Jean , Laguna Pilar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the safety and efficacy of super-mini PCNL (SMP, 14 Fr) when compared to standard PCNL (sPCNL, 24–30 Fr) in the management of renal calculi of size ranging from 1.5 to 3 cm.

Methods
From February 2021 to January 2022, a total of 100 patients were randomized to either SMP group or sPCNL group in a 1:1 ratio (50 in each group) using computer-generated simple randomization. Demographic data, stone characteristics, operative times, perioperative complications, blood transfusions, postoperative drop in haemoglobin, postoperative pain, duration of hospital stay and stone-free rates were compared between the two groups.

Results
Mean stone volume (2.41 cm2 vs 2.61 cm2) and stone-free rates (98% vs 94%, p = 0.14) were similar in both the SMP and sPCNL groups, respectively. The SMP group had significantly longer mean operative times (51.62 ± 10.17 min vs 35.6 ± 6.8 min, p = 0.03). Intraoperative calyceal injury (1/50 vs 7/50, p = 0.42) and mean postoperative drop in haemoglobin (0.8 ± 0.7 g/dl vs 1.2 ± 0.81, p = 0.21) were lower in the SMP group, but not statistically significant. SMP group showed significantly lower mean postoperative pain VAS scores (5.4 ± 0.7 vs 5.9 ± 0.9, p = 0.03) and mean duration of hospital stay (28.38 ± 3.6 h vs 39.84 ± 3.7 h, p = 0.0001). Complications up to Clavien grade 2 were comparable, with grade ≥ 3 complications higher in the standard group, but not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Super-mini PCNL is equally effective as standard PCNL in treating renal calculi up to 3 cm, with significantly reduced postoperative pain and duration of hospital stay and lower risk of Clavien grade ≥ 3 complications, although with higher operative times.
The efficacy of adjunctive mitomycin C and/or anti-VEGF agents on glaucoma tube shunt drainage device surgeries: a systematic review
Authors: Figueiredo Raquel , Barbosa-Breda Joao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The effectiveness of mitomycin C (MMC) in trabeculectomy has long been established. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive agents in tube shunt drainage device surgery for glaucoma or ocular hypertension, since controversy still exists regarding their benefit.

Methods
We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and BASE for RCTs, which have used adjuvant antimetabolites—either MMC or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)—and/or anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) agents. The main outcome was IOP reduction at 12 months.

Results
Ten studies met our inclusion criteria. Nine used the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implant, while the double-plate Molteno implant was used in one study. Four studies used MMC. The remaining six studies used an anti-VEGF drug – either bevacizumab, ranibizumab or conbercept.
Only one MMC-study reported a significant difference in the IOP reduction between groups at 12 months, favouring the MMC group (55% and 51%; p < 0.01). A significant difference was also reported by two out of five bevacizumab-studies, both favouring the bevacizumab group (55% and 51%, p < 0.05; 58% and 27%, p < 0.05), with the highest benefit seen in neovascular glaucoma cases, especially when panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) was also used. Neither ranibizumab nor conbercept were found to produce significant differences between groups regarding IOP reduction.

Conclusion
There is no high-quality evidence to support the use of MMC in tube shunt surgery. As for anti-VEGF agents, specifically bevacizumab, significant benefit seems to exist in neovascular glaucoma patients, especially if combined with PRP.