bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Telephone Calls: Timing Is Everything
Authors: Flanagan Jane 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTHaving nurses contact same‐day surgical patients by telephone early in the patients' recovery process may help guide recovery, but there are no guidelines as to the best time to make these calls.A convenience sample of 77 patients undergoing same‐day knee arthroscopy surgery at a large health care center in the northeastern United States was recruited to examine the best time for telephone follow‐up by a nurse. Overall patient experiences and teaching‐learning needs also were investigated through open‐ended questions.Findings suggest that continuous contact by nurses in the recovery period helped patients discuss and process the surgical experience. Telephone calls may be the most helpful to patients between 12 and 24 hours after surgery. AORN J 90 (July 2009) 41–51. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Today's Sterilizer Is Not Your Father's Water Heater
Authors: Moore Thomas K. “Chip” 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTToday's sterilizers are sophisticated, automatic, and computerized devices that accurately execute programmed jobs, creating uniform conditions inside pressure vessels to achieve sterilization. Specialized knowledge is necessary to ensure that the right cycle is selected; this requires an educated and competent operator.Perioperative nurses need to understand regulatory requirements for sterilizers, sterilizer design and performance validation, sterilizer cycle functions for everyday use, and everyday sterilization procedures. AORN J 90 (July 2009) 81–88. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
A People to People Nursing Experience in Russia
Authors: Knapp Karen , Norton Elizabeth , Rihn Cheryl 
Published: July 2009

Introductory note by Cynthia Spry, RN, MA, MSN, CNOR, column coordinator: Since 1956, the People to People Citizen Ambassador Programs have offered unique travel opportunities that foster local and global networking and provide opportunities for professionals from around the world to interact and engage in cultural activities, seminars, and humanitarian efforts. Since the 1980s, several AORN leaders have led perioperative nurses on People to People trips to China, Russia, and other countries where they have shared and learned much about perioperative practice and once again confirmed that, despite differences in available resources, perioperative nurses around the world have much in common. Just as perioperative nurses in the United States are proud of their contributions to patient safety and the ongoing movement to evidence‐based practice and their commitment to advancing the profession, nurses in less developed countries are, too.The authors of this article had an opportunity to represent perioperative nursing colleagues in the United States while participating in a People to People trip to Russia and Poland. In this article, the authors provide a snapshot of perioperative nursing, as well as nursing in general, in Russia. September's column will cover the experience in Poland.Nursing is a rewarding and demanding profession, particularly in Russia where salaries are low and working conditions are sometimes harsh, but the nurses are dedicated, committed to advancing nursing education, and are making a difference. They recognize they have a difficult road to travel but are proud of the steps they have taken on this journey.
Prolonged exposure to ketamine increases neurodegeneration in the developing monkey brain
Authors: Zou Xiaoju , Patterson Tucker A. , Divine Rebecca L. , Sadovova Natalya , Zhang Xuan , Hanig Joseph P. , Paule Merle G. , Slikker William , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2009

AbstractKetamine, a widely used pediatric anesthetic, has been associated with enhanced neuronal toxicity in the developing brain, but mechanisms and neuronal susceptibility to neurotoxic insult leading to neuronal cell death remain poorly defined. One of the main goals of this study was to determine whether there is a duration of ketamine‐induced anesthesia below which no significant ketamine‐induced neurodegeneration can be detected. Newborn rhesus monkeys (postnatal day 5 or 6) were administered ketamine intravenously for 3, 9 or 24 h to maintain a steady anesthetic plane, followed by a 6‐h withdrawal period. The 9‐ and 24‐h durations were selected as relatively long and extremely long exposures, respectively, while the 3‐h treatment more closely approximates a typical duration of pediatric general anesthesia. Animals were subsequently perfused under anesthesia and brain tissue was processed for analyses using silver and Fluoro‐Jade C stains and caspase‐3 immunostain. The results indicated that no significant neurotoxic effects occurred if the anesthesia duration was 3 h. However, ketamine infusions for either 9 or 24 h significantly increased neuronal cell death in layers II and III of the frontal cortex. Although a few caspase‐3‐ and Fluoro‐Jade C‐positive neuronal profiles were observed in some additional brain areas including the hippocampus, thalamus, striatum and amygdala, no significant differences were detected between ketamine‐treated and control monkeys in these areas after 3, 9 or 24 h of exposure. These data show that treatment with ketamine up to 3 h is without adverse effects as determined by nerve cell death. However, anesthetic durations of 9 h or greater are associated with significant brain cell death in the frontal cortex. Thus, the threshold duration below which no neurotoxicity would be expected is somewhere between 3 and 9 h.
Dissatisfaction with traditional birth attendants in rural Tanzania
Authors: Mbaruku Godfrey , Msambichaka Beverly , Galea Sandro , Rockers Peter C. , Kruk Margaret E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess women's satisfaction with traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in rural Tanzania.MethodA population‐representative sample of households in Kasulu district was used to collect data on demographics, childbirth history, and perception of TBAs and doctors/nurses from women who had recently had a child and from their partners.ResultsTwo‐thirds of women who gave birth in a health facility reported being very satisfied with the experience, compared with 21.2% of women who delivered at home with TBAs. A sizeable proportion of women felt that TBAs had poor medical skills (23.1%), while only 0.3% of women felt the same about doctors' and nurses' skills. Of women who delivered with a TBA, 16.0% reported that TBAs had poor medical skills whereas 0.5% stated the same for doctors and nurses.ConclusionAlthough many women delivered at home in this rural study district, women and their partners reported higher confidence in doctors and nurses than in TBAs. Policymakers and program managers should not assume that women prefer TBAs to trained professionals for delivery but should consider system barriers to facility delivery in interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality.
How successful would a phone‐pillow be: Using dual process theory to predict the success of hybrids involving dissimilar products
Authors: Gibbert Michael , Mazursky David 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDrawing on dual process theory from psycholinguistics, results reveal that, in order for respondents to develop preferences for hybrids from dissimilar categories the products underlying the hybrid need to be structurally aligned based on links between individual functions, and that these links also need to be situated in concrete consumer goals (study 1). In addition, it was found that category similarity interacts with these two factors (study 2). Specifically, prompting the potential consumer to think about structural alignment and consumer goals increased the success of hybrids made up of dissimilar products, but decreased the success of hybrids involving similar products.
NEW COINCIDENCE POINT THEOREMS IN CONTINUOUS FUNCTION SPACES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: WU JUN , LIU YICHENG 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, some new coincidence point theorems in continuous function spaces are presented. We show the hybrid mapping version and multivalued version of both Lou’s fixed point theorem (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.127 (1999)) and de Pascale and de Pascale’s fixed point theorem (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.130 (2002)). Our new results encompass a number of previously known generalizations of the theorems. Two examples are presented.
Food balance sheet and household budget survey dietary data and mortality patterns in Europe
Authors: Naska Androniki , Berg Mari-Anna , Cuadrado Carmen , Freisling Heinz , Gedrich Kurt , Gregorič Matej , Kelleher Cecily , Leskova Emilia , Nelson Michael , Pace Lucienne , Remaut Anne-Marie , Rodrigues Sara , Sekula Wlodzimierz , Sjöstrom Michael , Trygg Kerstin , Turrini Aida , Volatier Jean Luc , Zajkas Gabor , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: July 2009

Worldwide dietary data for nutrition monitoring and surveillance are commonly derived from food balance sheets (FBS) and household budget surveys (HBS). We have compared food supply from FBS and food availability data from HBS among eighteen European countries and have estimated the extent to which they correlate, focusing on food groups which are comparably captured by FBS and HBS and for which there is epidemiological evidence that they can have a noticeable impact on population mortality. Spearman's correlation coefficient was +0·78 (P < 10− 3) for vegetables (including legumes),+0·76 (P < 10− 3) for fruits, +0·69 (P < 10− 3) for fish and seafood and +0·93 (P < 10− 3) for olive oil. With respect to meat and meat products, the coefficient was lower at +0·39 (P = 0·08). Moreover, we have examined whether the supply (FBS) or the availability (HBS) of food groups known or presumed to have beneficial effect on the occurrence of CHD and total cancer can predict overall, coronary and cancer mortality in ecological analyses. After controlling for purchasing power parity-adjusted gross domestic product and tobacco smoking we found that for vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, as well as for olive oil, both the FBS and the HBS estimates were inversely associated with all three indicators of mortality, although the number of countries with complete information on all study variables hindered formal statistical documentation (P>0·05 in some instances). FBS and HBS have their own strengths and weaknesses, but they may complement each other in dietary assessments at the population level.
Obesity and body image: an evaluation of sensory and non-sensory components
Authors: Gardner Rick M. , Martinez Renee , Sandoval Yvonne 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisBody image in 38 obese and normal weight subjects was measured using a video TV monitor. Tasks included a continuous task where subjects manipulated the size of their body image on a TV screen, and a discrete task, where they judged the accuracy of their TV image which was presented as either too heavy or too thin. Subjects viewed their images in both regular street clothes and with minimal clothing.Results from the continuous task revealed that obese subjects overestimated body size. All subjects were more accurate on trials in which the initial image was adjusted in the heavier direction.On the discrete task, a signal detection analysis revealed sensory sensitivity differences between obese and normal weight subjects. Obese subjects were better at detecting distortion caused by a too thin image, but were inferior in detecting a too heavy distortion. No significant differences were obtained in response criteria or between clothing conditions.
Expressed emotion and perceived family interaction in the key relatives of elderly patients with dementia
Authors: Orford Jim , O'Reilly Paul , Goonatilleke Arnold 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisFour groups of families were investigated using an interview designed to assess expressed emotion (EE) in relatives of psychiatric patients and a family interaction questionnaire (FIQ) based upon the Leary and Benjamin schemes for coding interpersonal behaviour. The families included 25 containing a psychiatric patient aged between 18 and 46, and three groups of 12 families each, all containing a patient over 60 (patients with dementia, a functional psychiatric disorder, or a chronic physical disorder respectively). In all cases data were obtained from key relatives.The FIQ clearly separated out the group of dementia relatives who reported the most dominant and protective behaviours and the highest levels of hostile-dominance and the lowest levels of affection. EE was not found to be so sensitive to interactions occurring in families with a member with dementia, and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
Affective disorders in five United States communities
Authors: Weissman Myrna M. , Leaf Philip J. , Tischler Gary L. , Blazer Dan G. , Karno Marvin , Bruce Martha Livingston , Florio Louis P. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisResults on the age/sex specific prevalence of DSM-III affective disorders from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA), a probability sample of over 18000 adults from five United States communities, are presented. The cross-site means for bipolar disorder ranged from 0·7/100 (2 weeks) to 1–2/100 (lifetime), with a mean age of onset of 21 years and no sex difference in rates. The cross-site means for major depression ranged from 1·5/100 (2 weeks) to 4·4/ 100 (lifetime), with a mean age of onset of 27 years and higher rates in women. The cross-site means for dysthymia, a chronic condition, was 3·1/100 with a higher rate in women. There was reasonable consistency in prevalence rates among sites. The implications of these findings for understanding psychopathology are discussed.
A comparison of psychiatric decision-making by trainee general practitioners and trainee psychiatrists using a simulated consultation model
Authors: Wilkinson Greg 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA videotape-assisted simulated consultation model was used in a pilot study comparing a range of assessment and treatment decisions made by trainee general practitioners and trainee psychiatrists in response to two cases representing women with depressive disorders. The doctors were studied individually in their consulting rooms or offices. In relation to the methods of analysis chosen, levels of agreement within and between the two groups of trainees were generally low. The findings are discussed in relation to previous similar work undertaken with experienced clinicians studied in groups.
The development of a measure of intimate bonds
Authors: Wilhelm Kay , Parker Gordon 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThis paper discusses the relevance of assessing the nature of intimate relationships and reports on the development of such an instrument. The Intimate Bond Measure (IBM) is a self-report measure assessing two key underlying dimensions, care and control. Its properties are assessed in separate studies, establishing its high test-retest reliability, the homogeneous nature of the isolated dimensions, its insensitivity to broad socio-demographic influences and its minimal sensitivity to depressed mood state. Support for its validity, in terms of both perceived and actual characteristics of care and control, is demonstrated. It provides a simple and efficient measure of central constructs underlying intimate relationships, and is of potential use in studies attempting to assess the relevance of intimate relationships to the onset and course of psychiatric disorders.
Plasma immunoreactive beta-endorphin in bulimics
Authors: Fullerton Donald T. , Swift William J. , Getto Carl J. , Carlson Ian H. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe plasma beta-endorphin response to glucose ingestion was compared in 8 bulimics and 8 controls. The bulimics demonstrated a sustained elevation of plasma beta-endorphin unrelated to glucose ingestion throughout the 5-hour study period. It is hypothesized that such an elevation of beta-endorphin is the result of stress and that it may play an important role in the perpetuation of the binge-vomiting cycle.
Child psychiatry: the interface between clinical and developmental research
Authors: Rutter Michael L. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisDevelopmental psychopathology constitutes a research strategy that is concerned with questions about continuities and discontinuities over time (the developmental perspective) and over the span of behavioural variation (the psychopathological perspective). The utility of this approach is discussed in relation to childhood depression, autism and schizophrenia, and the effects of adverse life experiences.
The domain of life events: a comparison of two techniques of description
Authors: Bebbington Paul , Tennant Christopher , Sturt Elizabeth , Hurry Jane 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThis paper compares the coverage of potential life events by the inventory developed by Tennant & Andrews (1976) and the post hoc designation originated by Brown (1974). It was found that the rubric of the inventory failed to describe 5% of ‘marked’ events and 21% of ‘moderate’ events. The relative risk of minor psychiatric disorder in response to events was 3·1 for those defined by the Brown technique and 1·4 for those using the inventory. The results suggests that the post hoc designation is superior. This superiority must be weighed against its undoubted costliness.
Screening for psychiatric disorder in general practice
Authors: Skuse David , Williams Paul 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe extent of psychiatric morbidity was investigated in a consecutive series of patients attending a south London general practitioner. The GP identified a psychiatric component in the reason for consultation in 40% of the sample, and he regarded 24% as ‘psychiatric cases’. The estimated true prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the sample was 34%. These data are used as the basis for a theoretical discussion of prescriptive screening strategies for psychiatric disorder in general practice.
HLA antigens and manic-depressive disorders: further evidence of an association
Authors: Shapiro Robert W. , Ryder Lars P. , Svejgaard Arne , Rafaelsen Ole J. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisOne hundred and seven unrelated Danish patients considered to be manic-depressive according to strict diagnostic, symptomatic and course criteria were typed for antigens of the HLA system, the major histocompatibility system in man. Preliminary results from the first 47 patients had previously been reported to suggest a positive association between manic-depressive disorders and HLA-A3, HLA-B7, and HLA-Bw16 and a negative association between such disorders and HLA-B8. Results from the extended series provide confirmatory evidence that there is a positive association between manic-depressive disorders and HLA-Bw16 and also strongly suggest a positive association between HLA-B7 and such disorders. HLA typing may prove to be a useful way of identifying sub-groups of manic-depressive patients for other biological studies. The associations described provide a potential lead for formulating hypotheses about the nature of the biological mechanisms which predispose to manic-depressive disorders.
A census study of mental illness in Samsø
Authors: Nielsen Johannes , Nielsen Jørgen Achton 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisCensus data from the Danish island of Samsø have provided information on all but 20% of the population. Fifty per cent of the population with past or present mental illness had been referred to the psychiatric service during the 18-year-period 1957–74; the proportion varied from 85 % for patients with psychoses (100 % for schizophrenic patients, and 90% for manic-depressive patients) to 43 % with non-psychotic disorders. The frequency of past and present mental illness was 24 %, higher for women with manic-depressive disorders, psychogenic (reactive) psychoses, and neuroses. The possible reasons for these and other findings are discussed.
Self-reported use of psychotropic drugs and alcohol abuse in South-Verona
Authors: Siciliani O. , Bellantuono C. , Williams P. , Tansella M. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe data for this cross-sectional survey were obtained from a stratified probability sample of 510 residents in South-Verona during the period May–June 1980. The two-week prevalence of psychotropic drug consumption was found to be 13%. The prevalence was higher in women (18%) than in men (9%). The most commonly consumed category of psychotropic drugs were the benzodiazepines, which accounted for 70% of all the psychotropic drugs consumed by women and 85% of those consumed by men. Using a logistic analysis, a strong association between drug consumption and minor psychiatric morbidity, as indicated by the GHQ scores, was found for both sexes, a finding not significantly different from that found in the West London study by Murray et al. (1981). Alcohol abuse in men was less prevalent in the youngest age-group. Thirty-three (19%) of the male GHQ low scorers were alcohol abusers, compared with 12 (40%) of the high scorers. No significant association was found between psychotropic drug consumption and alcohol abuse in men.
The neuroendocrine responses and psychological effects of infusion of L-tryptophan in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Goodwin G. M. , Shapiro C. M. , Bennie J. , Dick H. , Carroll S. , Fink G. 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISThe secretion of prolactin and growth hormone (GH), together with subjective ratings of sedation and hunger, were determined in 13 in-patients with anorexia nervosa and 15 controls during the intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg). Prolactin responses were not different between groups but GH responses were markedly blunted in patients. In addition sedation responses in patients were attenuated compared with controls. Hunger ratings were reduced by the infusion in controls but were too variable to be interpreted in the patients. Plasma amino acid levels were also determined before and after infusion of L-tryptophan. Tryptophan levels were comparable in the two groups as were the levels of tyrosine, phenyl alanine, valine, leucine and iso-leucine. The results suggest that some aspects of 5-hydroxytryptamine function may be attenuated in anorexia nervosa. However, they undoubtedly contrast with the finding of enhanced hormonal responses in acute dieting and may be relevant to the interpretation of similar experiments in depressive illness.
Filling the preparatory interval with temporal information or visual noise: crossover effect in schizophrenics and controls
Authors: Borst Ulrike , Cohen Rudolf 
Published: July 2009

SYNOPSISThree variants of a simple reaction time task with regular and irregular series of different preparatory intervals (Pls) were presented to schizophrenics and a control group of alcoholics and normals: the visual warning signal (WS) either (1) remained fixed, (2) shrank at a constant rate, or (3) changed in size erratically. Time information provided by shrinking WSs reduced the average reaction time in all groups and attenuated the crossover effect (COE) of schizophrenics, although even here more schizophrenics than controls had COE-scores ≥ 25 msec. Erratically changing WSs introduced the COE in controls. Within groups the COE was not related to general response speed, age, duration of hospitalization, or medication. Results are interpreted as indicating that schizophrenics eschew controlled anticipatory processes on the basis of WS- and PI-information which are crucial for motor preparation when PIs are too long to allow an automatic perceptual grouping of warning and imperative stimulus. This may also occur in controls when time estimation is impeded by distraction.
Cost-benefit analysis and the evaluation of psychiatric services
Authors: Goldberg D. , Glass N. J. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe paper sets out a method for evaluating changes in psychiatric services in a cost-benefit framework. The first section of the paper analyses some of the problems which arise with those elements which can be measured in monetary terms – the ‘hard’ costs and benefits. The second section looks at a method of presenting the less tangible effects – the ‘soft’ costs and benefits. Finally, it is suggested how these can be brought together to aid rational decision-making.