bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Museum Experiences: Identifying Powerful Mediators of Learning
Authors: Anderson David , Piscitelli Barbara , Weier Katrina , Everett Michele , Tayler Collette 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis article reports on a study of young children and the nature of their learning through museum experiences. Environments such as museums are physical and social spaces where visitors encounter objects and ideas which they interpret through their own experiences, customs, beliefs, and values. The study was conducted in four different museum environments: a natural and social history museum, an art gallery, a science center, and a hybrid art/social history museum. The subjects were four‐ to seven‐year old children. At the conclusion of a ten‐week, multi‐visit museum program, interviews were conducted with children to probe the saliency of their experiences and the ways in which they came to understand the museums they visited. Emergent from this study, we address several findings that indicate that museum‐based exhibits and programmatic experiences embedded in the common and familiar socio‐cultural context of the child's world, such as play and story, provide greater impact and meaning than do museum exhibits and experiences that are decontexualized in nature.
Gaining Visitor Consent for Research: Testing the Posted‐Sign Method
Authors: Gutwill Joshua P. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTOne method for studying visitors in museums is to audiotape their conversations while videotaping their behavior. Many researchers inform visitors of the recordings by posting signs in the areas under scrutiny. This study tests the assumptions underlying that method—that visitors notice, read, and understand such signs. Signs were posted at the entrance to an Exploratorium exhibit which was being audio‐ and videotaped. Researchers interviewed 213 adult visitors as they exited the exhibit. The interviews revealed that 75 percent of the visitors had read and understood the sign. Of the 52 visitors who had not, 8 reported that they felt bothered to some degree by the recordings being made. The implications of these results are discussed.
A History of Ways of Seeing the Land: Environmental History at the National Museum of Australia
Authors: Smith Mike 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTOne of the distinctive features of the National Museum of Australia is the prominent role of environmental history in the Museum's programs and in its organizational structure. Environmental history is a field that operates best at the boundaries of science and the humanities, where the natural sciences and social history meet. The National Museum is one of few museums that facilitate this, drawing historians, geographers, archaeologists, earth scientists, and biologists into program development as members of the one curatorial and design team. This article discusses the advantages of environmental history as a strategic focus for the Museum, and looks at one of its major exhibitions.
The Zoo Science Program: A Successful Zoo/University Partnership
Authors: Maccarone Alan D. , Batdorf Brad 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIn 1988, Friends University and the Sedgwick County Zoo, both located in Wichita, Kansas, began a cooperative undergraduate program in zoo science. This program combines a modified biology curriculum offered through a medium‐sized, private university, with the specialized instruction and practical experience provided by curators and keepers at a zoo. Students who complete the zoo science curriculum meet the needs of zoos seeking to fill entry‐level positions. The program has grown in size, and now has more than 50 majors. About one‐half of all zoo science students come from outside Kansas, and about one‐half enter the program as transfer students. Graduates find entry‐level positions in zoos, aquariums, nature and environmental centers, and veterinary clinics; others go on to graduate or veterinary schools.
All the (Natural) World's a Stage: Museum Theater as an Educational Tool
Authors: Hawkey Roy 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a range of theatrical events developed by the Education Unit of the Natural History Museum, London. Theater is used to target non‐traditional audiences, thereby helping meet the museum's educational mandate in innovative ways. The museum's galleries have recently hosted a variety of characters, traditional and contemporary, historical and fictional, in a number of dramatic formats: ensemble pieces, role‐playing, puppetry, dance, mime, and acrobatics. The examples described here provide the occasion for exploring related issues, such as the museum's overall objectives for the program, the responses of visitors, and the spatial and temporal limitations to the design process.
Digital Futures I: Museum Collections, Digital Technologies, and the Cultural Construction of Knowledge
Authors: Cameron Fiona 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTDigital technologies and their uses within museum collections have until recently been explored primarily from a technical viewpoint. Increasingly, museum professionals are moving beyond technologically‐driven reasoning to entertain new ways of conceptualizing both collections and information. This is leading to knowledge models beyond those already imagined. This paper considers the synergy between theoretical ideas in the academy and the computer ontologies that have been brought to bear on collections information. Drawing on user research findings from the Themescaping Virtual Collections project and the work of leading literary and media theorists, the paper examines how user needs and digital technologies are reformulating our understanding of museum collections and the relationships between museums and audiences.
Margaret Bourke‐White: The Photography of Design, 1927–1936
Authors: Thomas Selma 
Published: January 2010

Phillips Collection, Washington, DC: 11 February‐11 March 2003.John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL: 25 October 2003‐4 January 2004. Mint Museum of Art, Fort Wayne, IN: 13 November 2004‐9 January 2005. Portland Museum of Art, Portland, ME: 22 January‐27 March 2005.
Managing a Resident Volunteer Program at a Remote Research Station
Authors: Sherbrooke Wade C. , Sherbrooke Emily E. W. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTMuseums are ideal institutions for the development of volunteer programs. A museum's commitments to education and research and to expansion of learning, as well as its physical resources, offer potentially attractive forms of involvement for various segments of the population. We discuss aspects of a long‐established, self‐funded resident volunteer program that integrates the resources of a museum's field station with seasonal staffing needs, resulting in economic benefits to the museum and educational and career‐advancement benefits to volunteers. The practices used to bring together these objectives are discussed, with the goal of providing an example for museum administrators so they might better appreciate the potential diversity of volunteer programs as methods of broadening museums' roles in society.
CULTURE and culture at the Royal Ontario Museum: Anthropology Meets Marketing, Part Two
Authors: McCracken Grant 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper reports anthropological research conducted at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) by the author over three years. The purpose of the research was a traditional anthropological one: to listen to visitors at length and in depth. Part One, published in Curator 46 (2), offered ethnographic data, anthropological analysis, and a marketing perspective to suggest why the visitor's point of view may seem vertiginously strange to museum personnel. It characterized the conflict between host and guest as the outcome of two competing models of culture: “preferment” and “transformation.” In Part Two, visitors' experiences of the museum serve to illuminate a shift in attitudes toward museum culture. This research establishes a typology of consumer segments and a set of strategic recommendations for freeing the museum from the preferment model without abandoning those visitors who continue to embrace it.
Interactives and Visitor Learning
Authors: Falk John H. , Scott Carol , Dierking Lynn , Rennie Leonie , Jones Mika Cohen 
Published: January 2010

Abstract  Interactives—computers and other multimedia components, physical manipulatives (including whole‐body and tabletop activities), and simulations—occur in all types of museums. There is considerable interest in the nature of the learning that happens when visitors use interactives. Museum professionals have enlisted constructivist theory to support the notion that interactive elements are invaluable components of any exhibition experience, and are effective learning tools that enable active visitor engagement. Interactives are also seen as vital to sustaining institutional image and expanding institutional popularity.Despite the increasing use of interactives in exhibitions and the substantial investments being made in their design and maintenance, there is a paucity of research as to whether these constructivist assumptions are supported. There is little work exploring visitors' perceptions of specific types of interactives, or the role of interactivity in the visitor experience generally. Museum staff thus have a limited ability to make informed decisions about the level and type of interactivity that might enhance exhibition experiences.This paper describes a collaborative effort in 2001 by researchers at the Powerhouse Museum (PHM), Sydney; the Institute for Learning Innovation (the Institute), Annapolis, Maryland; and Curtin University of Technology (Curtin) and Scitech Discovery Centre (Scitech), both in Perth, Western Australia. This study investigated two aspects of interactivity: 1) visitor perceptions of interactivity in two different contexts, a museum and a science center; and 2) the types of short‐ and long‐term learning that resulted from use of interactives in these two institutions.
“Cyberpals!/Les Cybercopains!”: A Look at Online Museum Visitor Experiences
Authors: Soren Barbara J. , Lemelin Nathalie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article examines approaches to creating museum Web sites that offer quality experiences to online users. In six case studies, museum Web developers in the U.S. and Canada describe how they have made the most of available human and financial resources. The development history of each site offers insights into the origins of a design and its subsequent versions, and describes the influence of institutional missions, philosophies, success indicators—and financial and human resources, the most crucial factors. The study found considerable variety in the backgrounds, expertise, titles and training of people developing Web sites within institutions. Web teams developed “exchange” experiences through online discussion, and by creating links among users, or between museum staff and users. In three case studies, Web sites encouraged visitors to cycle between online and on‐site museum visits. Web developers describe using quantitative and qualitative online audience research strategies. WebTrendsTM software has enabled Web teams to report complex log analyses. Creating online experiences in partnership with users is the intention of Web developers.
Education Collections as Museum Collections
Authors: Macfarlan Shane J. , Johnson Eileen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMuseum education collections are inarguably a part of a museum's actual collection, just as are the research/permanent collections. However, past practices indicate that education collections are typically not given equal stature in museological terms. This paper argues that techniques and practices used with research/permanent collections should be applied to education collections, a viewpoint that has not yet been readily embraced. Several methods are addressed for upgrading an education collection to a level similar to a museum's permanent collection. The Lubbock Lake Landmark's education collection serves as a case study to demonstrate the need for the application of proper museological techniques to conform to best practices. A scope of collection was created, preventive conservation techniques were applied, a gap analysis was performed, and legal issues concerning the education collection were addressed.
The Animated Muse: An Interpretive Program for Creative Viewing
Authors: Clarkson Austin , Worts Douglas 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTExplore a Painting in Depth, an experiment presented in the Canadian Collection of the Art Gallery of Ontario, consisted of a booth that offered seating for two visitors and, opposite them, The Beaver Dam, a 1919 landscape painting by the Canadian artist J. E. H. MacDonald. In a 12‐minute audio‐guided Exercise for Exploring, visitors were invited to engage in a creative process with the imagery of the painting. This paper sketches how the experiment evolved, presents the background of the Exercise for Exploring, and surveys the effects of the exhibit on a wide range of visitors. The question is raised: How can facilitating visitors' creative responses to artworks be part of the museum's educational mandate and its arsenal of interpretive resources? More broadly: Do strategies that foster and privilege visitor creativity, as well as honor the creativity of artists, affect the accessibility and relevance of the museum for the general public?
A Case Study of “Planetary Landscapes: Sculpting the Solar System”
Authors: John Mark St. , Huntwork Dawn 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis article presents a case study of the design, development and evaluation of a science museum exhibition called Planetary Landscapes: Sculpting the Solar System. The exhibition was created by Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland, California, in collaboration with the artist Ned Kahn. (A slightly smaller version has been traveling to science museums around the country, and has been sent to the Middle East and Asia.) This exhibition affords a chance to explore the work of a gifted artist as he seeks to merge art and science and create beautiful inquiry‐based exhibits. The story also relates how a museum design team and an evaluation team sought to support the exhibition design in ways that would augment and not interfere with the expertise of the artist.
An Identity‐Centered Approach to Understanding Museum Learning
Authors: Falk John H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper advances the thesis that museum visitors' identities, motivations and learning are inextricably intertwined. All individuals enact multiple identities, many of which are situational and constructed in response to a social and physical context. Identity influences motivations, which in turn directly influence behavior and learning. Visitors to museums tend to enact one or various combinations of five museum‐specific identities, described here as: explorer; facilitator; professional/hobbyist; experience seeker; and spiritual pilgrim. Preliminary findings suggest that these identity‐specific motivational categories might help to explain the long‐term learning impacts of a museum visit.
Influence of collision energy on the axial polarization of product molecule for reaction F + HO → HF + O
Authors: Zhao Juan , Xu Yan , Meng Qing-Tian 
Published: January 2010

Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations are performed for the reaction F + HO(0,0) → HF + O based on the adiabatic potential-energy surface (PES) of the 13 A′′ triplet state. The product molecule axial alignment factor <P2 (A · k)> as a function of collision energy, the distribution P(α) of the angle between k and A, the distribution P(β) of the dihedral angle denoting k – k′ – A correlation, and the angular distribution P(α, β) of the product rotational vectors in the form of polar plots have been calculated in the center-of-mass (CM) frame, respectively. The effects of collision energy and PES on the polarization of the product molecule HF axis vectors A are revealed, which provides the theoretical foundation for the relative experiment.
Revised analysis of singly ionized tellurium: Te II
Authors: Tauheed A. , Joshi Y. N. , Steinitz M. 
Published: January 2010

Tellurium spectra were recorded on a 3 m normal incidence vacuum spectrograph in the spectroscopy laboratory of St. Francis Xavier University using a triggered spark light source. The spectrum of the singly ionized tellurium atom was investigated in the wavelength region 746–1838 Å using Hartree–Fock configuration interaction calculations involving 5s25p3, 5s5p4, 5s25p2 (5d + 6d + 7d + 8d + 6s + 7s + 8s + 9s) configurations. Earlier analysis by Handrup and Mack has been revised, and 27 new energy levels have been added, to complete the 5s25p3, 5s25p2 (5d + 6d + 6s + 7s) configurations. Now five levels of the ground-state configuration and 78 of the excited configurations are known. Two hundred and nineteen spectral lines have been classified in this spectrum. Least squares fitted parametric calculations were used for the final interpretation and LS percentage compositions. The wavelength accuracy of our measurement for unblended and sharp lines is ±0.005 Å.
Primary magmas and the origin of basalts
Authors: O’Hara M. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Basaltic rocks have chemical compositions and behave under experimental conditions in a way which suggests that extrusive basalt magmas are, in the main, the residual liquids of well advanced crystal fractionation processes operating at relatively low pressures. Once this is admitted, there is no reason to deny that such magmas have undergone appreciable crystal fractionation at all depths during their movement to the surface. The compositions of extrusive basalts should, therefore, be regarded as the end products of a continuous series of evolutionary changes whose precise effects will depend upon the place where partial melting occurred, and the rate at which the liquids move towards the surface relative to the rate of cooling. An attempt is made to construct a petrogenetic scheme for the basic magmas based on this view of igneous activity.
A marine magnetic survey near Lerwick, Shetland Isles
Authors: Wilson C. D. V. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A total force magnetic survey has been made of an offshore area (14 km × 12 km) near Lerwick, Shetland Isles, where the Admiralty Chart shows an anomaly in the magnetic variation. The survey shows a strong positive anomaly, suggestive of a basic rock magnetised in a direction close to that of the present Earth’s field.
A block model has been fitted to the total force field, and the computed anomaly in magnetic variation agrees with that shown on the chart. Steep magnetic gradients and irregular sea-floor topography suggest that the body may outcrop on the sea floor and could be sampled by dredging.
The nature of the body is discussed; it is thought that it may be a pre-Middle Devonian intrusion.
Websterite from Glenelg, Inverness-shire
Authors: Mercy E. L. P. , O’Hara M. J. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Chemical analyses and optical data are given for the coexisting pyroxenes of a websterite specimen from Glenelg. The mineral assemblage is believed to represent equilibration at high pressures and low temperatures. The rock is thought to be associated with the eclogites of the Glenelg province.
The West Glasgow Earthquake—7 March 1964
Authors: Bowes D. R. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
On the basis of surface observations, the epicentre of the West Glasgow Earthquake, which occurred at 7.03 a.m. on 7 March 1964, is located in the Blairdardie district at approximately W. Long 4°21′.2, N. Lat 55°54′.1. It is suggested that the focus was on the western margin of the Paisley Ruck at the boundary of the Old Red Sandstone and Calciferous Sandstone Series (depth 1·6 km).
Successive periods of basic dyke emplacement in the Lewisian complex, south of Scourie, Sutherland
Authors: Bowes D. R. , Khoury S. G. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
Basic dykes showing cross-cutting relations to one another, and different tectonic and metamorphic histories, but having similar chemical composition, are interpreted as having been emplaced during the Inverian and Laxfordian orogenies respectively.
A structural study of the granitic gneiss of Western Ardgour, Argyll and Inverness-shire
Authors: Dalziel Ian W. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The paper describes a structural study of part of the discontinuous belt of granitic gneiss extending from Glen Tarbert (Argyll) to north of Loch Quoich (Inverness-shire). The granitic gneiss outcrops immediately west of the boundary between the ‘highly inclined’ and ‘flat’ belts of the Moines (the Loch Quoich line) which is the eastern limit of outcrop of the regional migmatite belt (‘injection belt’).
The Loch Eil psammitic belt (which constitutes the ‘flat’ belt) is the highest structural and stratigraphical unit of the area, overlying a thin pelitic horizon which rests on striped schists. Contrary to earlier correlations it is thought that all these units may overlie the classical Morar succession.
Four main fold episodes (F1–F4) are recognisable. The granitic gneiss is entirely concordant, lies at the same horizon as the striped schists, and probably occupies the core of a tight F2 fold of highly variable plunge. Formation of the gneiss began prior to the second fold movement and it behaved during deformation as did the adjacent metasediments.
The structural history of the gneiss is consistent with a migmatitic origin, and it was concentrated in a narrow belt by tectonic control.
The Thermal Aureole of the Haddo House Norite in Aberdeenshire
Authors: Gribble C. D. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
The Ythan valley demonstrates the extent of the aureole of the Haddo House norite in the Fyvie schists. In the pelites the replacement of the regional cordierite, one and a half miles from, the norite, by muscovite and quartz implies a potash metasomatism but this cannot be proved from the chemical data. Although outcrop is poor, there is little doubt that temperatures high enough to mobilise the country rocks were operative very near the basic mass.
Zoned ultrabasic bodies in the Lewisian of the Moine Nappe in Skye
Authors: Matthews D. W. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
A number of new examples of zoned associations of talc, actinolite, chlorite, and biotite appear to have been derived by reaction during regional metamorphism of moderate intensity between small ultrabasic masses and more acid country rock. The formation of the most abundant type of zone was governed by diffusion of Mg. Although the zone-forming processes have not proceeded to equilibrium, there are some indications of a degree of attainment of local equilibrium.
Intrusive coal at Douglas in Scotland
Authors: Lumsden G. I. 
Published: January 2010

Synopsis
In the outlier of Carboniferous sediments around Douglas a recent borehole proved dolerite intrusions for the first time in the upper part of the Limestone Coal Group of Namurian age. The dolerite has been intruded into the Robb and Back coals and the overlying marine mudstones of the Black Metals. It has subsequently been altered to white trap in part, by reaction with organic gases distilled from the carbonaceous sediments. Burnt coal associated with white trap was found in the borehole as sill-like bodies at three horizons amongst the marine Black Metals and also infilling steeply inclined joints higher in the sequence between the Kirkroad and Big Drum coals. No coal has been recorded at these horizons in numerous boreholes and extensive mining elsewhere in the outlier. The aberrant coals are considered to be intrusive and originally part of the Back Coal. The intrusion took place when the coal was heated by the dolerite to a critical temperature at which it became plastic. The known extent of the intrusion of coal is to a level 140 ft above the seam of origin.