bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalised burn injuries in 870 children in Tehran
Authors: Karimi H , Motabar A , Motevalian S A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionBurn injuries were the 13th cause of burden of disease in all age groups and the 7th cause in 5–14 years children in Iran in 2003. The objective of this study was to describe demographic and injury characteristics of burn injuries in a referral burn centre.MethodsThe study was carried out on 870 children less than 15 years who referred to Shahid Motahari burn hospital in Tehran from March 2007 to March 2009.ResultsMean age of the subjects was 4.2 years and 63.3% were male. Highest proportion of subjects (32.2%) occurred in summer followed by winter and fall. The most frequent places were kitchen (57.7%), living room (17.4%) and yard (10.2%). Scalds (68.2%) constituted most of the cases, followed by flame-related burns (24.6%), electrical burns (4.8%), contact burns and chemical burns. Inhalation injury was observed in 6.9% of the subjects. Mean body surface area (BSA) was 21.6% (SD: 16.5%). About 80% of patients had third-degree burns. The incidence of death was 10.6% in all cases. Considering BSA, the risk of death was 0.0% (BSA<10%), 0.4% (BSA:10–19%), 3.1% (BSA:20–29%), 17.8% (BSA:30–39%), 38.8% (BSA: 40–49%) and 97.7% (BSA:50% or more).DiscussionPromoting safety measures in home kitchens and cooking facilities is a priority for burn prevention. Intervention to improve burn care and treatment outcomes is urgently needed.
Child safety education coalition: a mixed methods evaluation of a national alliance
Authors: Mulvaney C , Watson M , Errington G , Coupland C , Kendrick D 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate a national child injury prevention coalition.BackgroundThe Child Safety Education Coalition (CSEC) is a national alliance set up in 2009 in response to the UK Governments Staying Safe Action Plan which specified actions to be taken to improve the safety of children and young people in England. CSEC, whose members comprise a wide range of practitioners and policy makers in the field of unintentional injuries, will become a national authority on practical child safety education. It will inform and influence policy and practice by encouraging consensus on a range of issues and by collating and sharing information on effective practical safety education. It aims to increase the capacity of safety education provision.MethodA team led by investigators at the University of Nottingham is evaluating CSEC. Evaluation methods are guided by principles outlined by the WHO, namely, participation, capacity building and multiple methods. The team is employing a complex, mixed methods design, including process evaluation, analysis of critical events, case studies and monitoring of child safety education provision. Active participation by evaluators enriches the perspectives, and findings and recommendations are more likely to be accepted as credible.ResultsFindings will exam both inward work, that is, processes that build, nurture and maintain the coalition and outward work in terms of achievements.ConclusionsConclusions will be derived in terms of the reach, integrity and acceptability of CSEC. Did CSEC reach the target population? Was CSEC implemented as planned? Is CSEC acceptable to the target population?
Keeping children safe at home: interview study of fire safety practices of parents of preschool children
Authors: Goodenough T , Towner E , Kendrick D , Deave T , Stewart J 
Published: March 2011

AimTo explore knowledge and reported safety practices of parents of preschool children in relation to thermal injuries.BackgroundIn the UK, unintentional injury is an important cause of death and leading cause of Emergency Department attendance and hospital admissions in 1–4 year olds. The burden of injury is highest for children who live in poverty. Children's Centres provide community-based co-ordinated services, information and support for families with preschool children.Methods200 structured interviews will take place in Children's Centres with parents of preschool children (10 parents at 5 Children's Centres in 4 Study Centres: Bristol, Nottingham, Norwich, Newcastle). Interviews will cover: fire-safety practices for example, smoke alarm ownership and use, risk factors for injury (smokers in the household), knowledge of first-aid.ResultsResults will describe fire-safety practices and contribute to the design of a randomised controlled trial of an Injury Prevention Briefing for fire-related injuries to be implemented in Children's Centres, and will provide detailed information about fire safety and data to inform sample size calculations.ConclusionsThe Keeping Children Safe at Home programme aims to develop a better understanding of how to prevent unintentional injuries in preschool children. It aims to apply this knowledge, working with Children's Centres to implement effective approaches with families served by the Centres. The findings of the interview study will inform the development of Injury Prevention Briefings which will be implemented and evaluated in Children's Centres.
Intimate-partner-violence against women: victims help-seeking patterns
Authors: Brzank P 
Published: March 2011

Due to prevalence and impairs, intimate-partner-violence (IPV) against women is considered as a problem of high public relevance. IPV causes serious health, social and economic consequences for victims themselves as well as for the whole society. By now a network of advocacy, counselling and shelters is established in Germany informing and supporting victims of IPV. Although the support possibilities are well known, a mere part of women seek help.Research QuestionsTo explore the circumstances which lead women to search actively for support, defined as addressing oneself to the health sector, the police or the counselling/advocacy, the study will be guided by the question: Which factors have an increasing or decreasing influence on victims behaviour: high personal or social resources, demographic factors, by violence affected children, lack of knowledge about support, a history of abuse (multiple violation) and substance abuse?Material and MethodsData of the representative survey Health, Well-Being and Personal Safety of Women in Germany (2004), which includes interviews of more than 10.000 randomly sampled women, aged 16 to 85, will be analysed. Secondary data analysis focuses on victims help-seeking-behaviour. The constructs demographics, personal sources, social resources, health status and violence history will be examined in a regression and variance model to determine their influence on the outcome variable active help-seeking. Using a SEM, possible pathways between the constructs and their influence on the behaviour of victims will be described. Study design and first findings will be presented.
An audit of patient attendance, morbidity and mortality seen in 2008 at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mtonga R E 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Zambia is a premiere learning, reference and research Medical Centre in Zambia. It offers General and Specialised services at tertiary level and runs 24 h and 7 days a week. The UTH has a total of 1060 beds and 337 cots.ActivitiesLow costHigh costTotalOut-Patient Attend.48125048125Specialist Clinic47710047710Bed Strength42518443Admissions1985716620023Discharges1293721013147Deaths94714961961In-Patient Days11674396119704Average Stay6186Daily Av/patients3208328Bed Occupacy Rate754581Mortality/1000488448Death within 48 hrs2760276Note: High-cost patients originate from in-patients and as such high-cost patients are catered for in low-cost admissions.MethodologyThis was a retrospective study that looked at records of activities in all the surgical wards in 2008 and compiled the data by outpatient attendance, morbidity and mortality.ResultsThe Tabulations below summarise the results.Minor casesIntermediate casesMajor casesTotalOperating theatre9357376343613169Discussions48 125 outpatient attendances, with 20 023 admissions, 13.147 discharges and 961 deaths.ConclusionThe UTH surgical department was busy in 2008 and offered a full service with a death rate of 48/1000.
Fall-related head injuries among alpine skiers and snowboarders in Slovenia
Authors: Konik I G , Kermanc M H , Mentis A F A , Germeni E , Petridou E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundHead injuries (HI) as a result of falls in winter sport activities, despite their incidence is not very high, they are due to their high severity of lesion, frequently associated with severe disabilities and complicated rehabilitations.MethodsThe magnitude of head injuries due to falls among alpine skiers and snowboarders (HIFASS) in Slovenia over the last decade were assessed using multiple nationwide Slovenian data. Hospitalisation-, emergency visitation- and mortality were calculated and compared to data of ski slope injuries. Differences by gender, age and injury were assessed, and annual changes were calculated by poisson regression analysis.Results78.083 hospitalisations, 98.557 emergency visits and 2.969 deaths due to HI were registered in the observed period, and the HIFASS were minimally represented among them (1.7% hospitalisations, 0.6% emergency visits and 0.3% deaths). Although the decreasing trend for all HI (annual change −2.1%, p=0.0001), HIFASS had an increasing secular trend (annual change +3%, p=0.001). Individuals younger than 40 years were the most affected and had also mostly severe intracranial lesions or bone fractures. The incidence of HIFASS was about 0.2 per 1000 skier-days.ConclusionSevere, even fatal HIFASS, may be prevented by carrying a helmet. Slovenia has mandatory helmet use legislation for children until 14 years of age. But take into account results of evidence-based systematic analyses, the obligatory helmet use should include all age groups.
A Profile of fatal injury risk for older adults in urban South Africa
Authors: Smith M , Marais S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjury mortality in South Africa, particularly homicide and road traffic injuries are still among the highest in the world. Although South Africa's population is gradually ageing, the safety of older persons is often neglected in favour of other vulnerable groups such as women and children. The study aims to describe the extent and distribution of fatal injuries occurring in older adults, in the four largest South African metropolitan centres.MethodsThe study is a register-based cross sectional investigation of causes of injury mortality for adults 60 years and older, as reported in the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System for four cities, for the period 2001 to 2006. Poisson regression was used to assess relative risk estimates among age and population groups, sex and cities. The role of alcohol and time and place of death was also investigated.ResultsLeading causes of death were pedestrian accidents (28.6%), homicide (20.3%) and suicide (11.4%). Males were found to be at higher risk for most external causes of death, markedly homicide (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.2), suicide (RR 2.2, 95% CI 2.1 to 2.5) and pedestrian accidents (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 1.9). Fatal injury patterns differed among cities and population groups.ConclusionsThe study highlights the unique challenges in providing a safe environment for the older population in a developing country. Further investigation is required to assess the association between injury-related mortality and poverty/deprivation and ethnicity among older people, as well as explain geographic variations in injury patterns.
Seasonal pattern of firework injury occurrence and development from 1995 to 2008 for a local area compared to all of Denmark
Authors: Foged T , Lauritsen J M 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe purpose was to study injuries from fireworks in relation to: seasonal pattern of occurrence and development over the period December 1st 1995 to November 30th 2008 comparing the local area Odense to all of Denmark.Materials and Methods CauseInjuries from fireworks all patients sampled. Patients seen at the Emergency Department at Odense University Hospital (population 250 000) were used for annual distribution. All hospitals in Denmark (population 5 mio.) contributed patients for each New Year (31 December to 1 January) during the period.ResultsFor the seasonal analysis 540 local patients were included and for the nationwide assessment 4711 patients. The seasonal distribution (percent, 95% CI) of injuries was: 1 December to 30th (17, 14 to 20), 31st December to – 1 January (64, 60 to 68), 1 January to 5th (4, 2 to 5), 6 January to 30 November (16, 13 to 19). Nationwide occurrence was cut from roughly 500 to 225 for New Year. The decrease over the period showed the same pattern for the whole country as in the local region (Chi2 test p=0.9), mostly due to diminished use of illegal fireworks.ConclusionDuring the study period the same decrease in firework injuries was seen locally and nationwide. Odense is therefore assumed representative for the rest of Denmark in the seasonal analysis. Roughly 2/3 of all year occurrence happens in New Year and 85% in the current legal period for consumers (1 December to 5 January). Correct usage of legal consumer fireworks should be safe, and currently this is not the case.
A study on unintentional injuries and social determinants of health factors based on a population survey in Hong Kong
Authors: Chui A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundUnintentional injuries are important causes of mortality and morbidity in Hong Kong and worldwide. With improved knowledge, effective interventions can be implemented to reduce the rate of injuries.ObjectiveTo study the relationship between unintentional injuries and social demographic factors and suggest ways to reduce injury occurrence and lessen its impact on health inequities in Hong Kong.MethodologyA population-based Injury Survey was conducted by the Hong Kong Department of Health in 2008. Using a structured questionnaire published by the WHO, a total of 9022 non-institutionalised individuals of all ages in 3025 households were face-to-face interviewed. Data were grossed up to represent the study population.ResultsOverall, 6.2% (95% CI 5.6 to 6.7%) of population sustained at least one injury episode in the 12 months before enumeration which were serious enough to limit their normal activities. Both the injury rate and the hospitalisation rate were highest in the elderly aged 65 and above. Among those who had sustained an injury episode(s), a higher proportion of children aged 0 to 4 had three or more injury episodes during the study period as compared to other age groups. Descriptive analysis showed that injury occurrence varied in subgroups with different socio-economic backgrounds.ConclusionInjury occurrence varied among different subgroup populations. Interventions with regard to Education, Engineering and Enforcement – the “3 Es” that form the building blocks of injury prevention were explored.
Estimates of the burden of injuries in Ethiopia derived from all existing data sources
Authors: Abdella K , Bartolomeos K , Tsegaye F , Bhalla K , Abraham J 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionReliable estimates of burden of injuries in Ethiopia are needed for planning national health priorities. Such estimates should be developed using all available information sources in the country.Materials and MethodologyWe conducted an environmental scan of all available data sources that can inform estimates of the burden of injury in Ethiopia.Data AnalysisWe estimated the incidence of injury mortality by external causes by extrapolating rates computed using mortuary data in Addis Ababa (urban) and the Butajira DSS site (rural) to the urban and rural population of Ethiopia. We estimated the incidence of non-fatal injury incidence by external cause using point estimates from all of the national surveys. We used the hospital data to compute the burden of injuries that received institutional medical care.ResultsWe provide comparative results of the incidence and burden of injuries in Ethiopia using all available data sources.Conclusion and DiscussionWe show that there are a multitude of country data sources that can inform estimates of the burden of injuries in Ethiopia, which is a country that is traditionally considered information-poor.
Injury prevention: development and use
Authors: Hungerford D , Quigg Z , Edwards H , Warren I , Hughes K , Bellis M A 
Published: March 2011

AimThe Trauma and Injury Intelligence Group (TIIG) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) was established in the North West of England to improve injury data collection and sharing between public health professionals; focusing on Accident and Emergency Department (AED) data. Implementation of the ISS allows local agencies to understand the burden of injuries, target interventions towards at risk groups and communities, and evaluate injury prevention initiatives. This presentation discusses the development, use and sustainability of a population based ISS to prevent injury.MethodsData sharing and dissemination protocols were developed that enabled data from AEDs and other agencies (eg, ambulance/fire service) to be collated, analysed and shared with partner agencies. With addressing issues such as falls, alcohol and violence becoming increasingly important among local partners, TIIG facilitates the development of AED systems to record further information on the location and circumstances of intentional and unintentional injuries.ResultsData have been used to develop, implement and evaluate interventions aimed at preventing injuries in children and older adults; inform violence prevention in nightlife settings; and to evaluate local injury campaigns. These initiatives have been associated with reductions in AED injury attendances. Barriers to project development and sustainability include: variations and changes in AED data collection systems; data quality issues and resource constraints.DiscussionThe ISS is helping professionals prevent injury through targeting resources towards risk locations, groups and communities. Collecting and sharing data on intentional and unintentional injury ensures the TIIG ISS has the flexibility to adapt to emerging issues.
Driver risk factors of road traffic injuries in an urban setting in Kenya: a case–control study
Authors: Odero W 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionPublished studies on road traffic injuries in Kenya are all descriptive. There is a dearth of data from controlled studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of driver risk factors for motor vehicle crashes.MethodsThis was a case–control study undertaken in Eldoret, Kenya. Cases were drivers of motor vehicles that had crashed and resulted in hospitalisation of the injured; controls were non-accident involved drivers randomly selected through a roadside survey from the driving population.Results150 case and 327 control drivers were interviewed. They were mostly young (mean age 36.8 years), male (96.7%), married (86%) with post-primary education (60%). The demographic characteristics of cases and controls were similar. The most important personal risk factors were age, not having a driving licence, alcohol use, overspeeding and use of mobile phones. Younger drivers (18–44 years) were twice as likely as older drivers to be involved in a crash [OR=1.84]; unlicensed drivers were 5 times more likely than those licensed to be involved in a crash; drivers who had consumed alcohol were three times more likely to crash [OR=2.94]; and those driving at a speed greater than the posted speed limit were 10 times more likely to crash [OR=10.378].ConclusionsModifiable driver factors such as licensing, speed, alcohol and use of mobile phones are important risk factors for cashes on urban roads. Enhanced awareness and enforcement of legislation on these factors should be emphasised as part of broader road safety interventions for all road users.
European map of prevalence rates on elder abuse and its impact for future research
Authors: De Donder L , Joo A , Luoma M , Schopf A , Tamutiene I , Vert D , Alves J Ferreira , Lang G , Koivusilta M , Reingarde J 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionWHO and the International Network of the Prevention of Elder Abuse have recognised the abuse of older people as a significant global problem. Notwithstanding this recognition, generally the issue of elder abuse does not emerge as a major theme in research nor in the work of policymakers.MethodThis research is part of the “prevalence study of Abuse and Violence against Older Women” (AVOW) which is funded by the EU's Daphne III programme. The AVOW-study aims to provide knowledge about the prevalence of abuse and violence against older women in five European countries (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Lithuania and Portugal). The first phase of the research consisted of providing an overview about the state of the art of prevalence research on elder abuse, survey designs and methods, instruments and results in all European countries. Therefore, an extensive literature search and qualitative content analysis was conducted.Results and ConclusionSome EU-countries have a rich history of prevalence research, whereas other countries have just begun to tackle the issue. One of the lacunae concerns reliable data on the prevalence of elder abuse. Research about where, when and how often elder abuse occurs, is largely inadequate and inconsistent. Surveying elders on such a sensitive topic, however, implies a modified questionnaire and an adapted data collection method. Conclusively, substantive attention is paid to develop possible guidelines for future research.
Patterns of occupational injuries in two areas of southern China
Authors: Li L , Liu X , Lu Y , Yu M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the pattern of occupational injuries in southern China and compare two different areas, coastal and mountain, to provide prevention measures for occupational injuries in China.MethodsOccupational injury was identified as injury occurring when the activity was work, and data were chosen from the Injury Surveillance Project based on hospital data collected from April 2006 to April 2008. Description analysis and chi-square testing were used to analyse the distribution of injuries and the differences between the two areas.ResultsMen were more likely to experience occupational injuries, with no difference in the two areas(p=0.112). In the coastal area, patients aged 21–30 years were more likely to experience occupational injury than patients of 41–50 in the mountain area (p<0.001). Patients experiencing occupational injury in the two areas differed by location of household, education and occupation (p<0.001). Occupational injuries occurred in two peak months and one valley month, and the two peak times in the two areas significantly differed (p<0.001). Industry and construction places were the most frequent locations where occupational injuries occurred (p<0.001). Most occupational injuries were unintentional and not serious, and patients could go home after treatment. The two areas differed in external causes and consequences of the injuries.ConclusionThe pattern of occupational injuries in coastal and mountain areas of southern China differed but had some common features. Measures should be taken to prevent occupational injuries in the different areas.