bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of post‐therapy positron emission tomography on prognostic stratification and surveillance after chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Siva Shankar , Herschtal Alan , Thomas Jessica M. , Bernshaw David M. , Gill Suki , Hicks Rodney J. , Narayan Kailash 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to investigate the detection of relapse and survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer treated with curative intent chemoradiotherapy, and evaluated with a post‐therapy 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scan.METHODS:Between January 2002 and June 2007, 105 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled into a registry study designed to assess outcomes of chemoradiotherapy. A FDG‐PET scan was performed between 3 and 12 months (median, 4.9 months) post‐treatment at clinician discretion. Tumor response was graded as complete metabolic response, partial metabolic response, or progressive metabolic disease.RESULTS:Median follow‐up was 36 months. At post‐therapy FDG‐PET, 73 (70%) patients had complete metabolic response, 10 (9%) had partial metabolic response, and 22 (21%) had progressive metabolic disease. Overall survival at 3 years was 77% in all patients, and 95% for those with complete metabolic response. On multivariate analysis, complete metabolic response (P < .0001) and pretreatment tumor volume (P = .041) were strong predictors for overall survival. The number of involved lymph nodes (P < .005) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P = .04) were predictive of relapse‐free survival. In total, 18 patients relapsed at a single site, and 13 underwent salvage, with a 3‐year survival of 67%. Patients with complete metabolic response had a distant failure rate 36‐fold less than those with partial metabolic response (P < .0001). After complete metabolic response, only 1 patient (1.6%) relapsed without symptoms and was detected through physical examination.CONCLUSIONS:The presence of a complete metabolic response at post‐therapy FDG‐PET is a powerful predictor for survival after chemoradiation. The very low rate of recurrence in patients with a complete metabolic response justifies a conservative follow‐up approach for these patients, because relapse is usually symptomatic and not detected by routine clinical review. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic web‐based models for stage II and III colon cancer
Authors: Gill Sharlene , Loprinzi Charles , Kennecke Hagen , Grothey Axel , Nelson Garth , Woods Ryan , Speers Caroline , Alberts Steven R. , Bardia Aditya , O'Connell Michael J. , Sargent Daniel J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Numeracy and Adjuvant! are 2 web‐based calculators that are used widely to estimate the prognosis and potential benefit of adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)–based therapy for patients with stage II and III colon cancer. In this study, the authors compared the predicted survival estimates from these models with the actual observed estimates in independent datasets that were derived from a population cohort and from clinical trials.METHODS:The population cohort was derived from the British Columbia Colorectal Cancer Outcomes Unit database, which identified referred patients with stage II and III colon cancer from 1995 to 1996 and from 1999 to 2003. Patients who were enrolled in North Central Cancer Trials Group (NCCTG) trials NCCTG 94651 and NCCTG 914653 were included in the trials dataset. Patient and disease data were used to predict 5‐year relapse‐free and overall survival using both tools.RESULTS:In the population‐based dataset (N = 2033), Adjuvant! offered more reliable predictions of prognosis for patients who underwent surgery alone, but it had reliability similar to that of Numeracy for predicting the prognosis for patients who received adjuvant 5‐FU. Both models tended to overestimate survival for patients with stage II disease who received 5‐FU. In the trials dataset of patients who underwent and received 5‐FU (N = 1729), Numeracy and Adjuvant! demonstrated similar performance and improved correctness.CONCLUSIONS:This independent validation analysis demonstrated that both Numeracy and Adjuvant! had similar predictive performance and acceptable reliability for patients with stage III disease. Survival outcomes of patients with stage II colon cancer who received adjuvant 5‐FU were slightly lower than estimated by either model. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Color composition features in modern architecture
Authors: Serra Juan , García Ángela , Torres Ana , Llopis Jorge 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe color composition in modern architecture has been often characterized in a simplistic manner. In fact, this is a complex phenomenon to be studied because of the disparity of proposals and the uniqueness of the architects involved. This research starts with a comparative study of three of the most relevant color composition systems in the first half of the 20th century (Purism and Le Corbusier, Expressionism and Taut, Neoplasticism and Rietveld), and aims to find common characteristics among them, discussing the validity of some widespread ideas about it, such as the prominence of white hues, the use of ”flat colors,” or the conception of color during the ideation phase. We propose and demonstrate three principles that are not categorical about the color composition in modern architecture: it limits the variety of hues; it not only uses white color but also displays color to conform shapes and to transform them; color has ethical connotations and not only aesthetic ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
A theory of unique hues and colour categories in the human colour vision
Authors: Logvinenko* Alexander D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA novel approach to assessing colour appearance is described. It is based on a new technique—partial hue‐matching—which allows for measuring colour in terms of component hues objectively, without resorting to verbal definitions. The new method is believed to have a potential to be as exact as colorimetric techniques. In contrast to classical colour matching, which implies visual equivalence of lights, partial hue‐matching is based on judgements of whether two lights that are different in colour have some hue in common. The major difference between classical colour matching and partial hue‐matching is that the latter is intransitive, whereas the former is generally believed to be transitive (though see Logvinenko, Symposium on 75 years of the CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer, Vienna, Austria, 2006). Formally, partial hue‐matching can be described as a reflexive and symmetric binary relation (i.e., tolerance). The theoretical framework of tolerance spaces is used for developing a theory of partial hue‐matching. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Goniochromatic properties of human tooth dentin
Authors: Lee Yong‐Keun , Zhao Guang‐Feng , Yu Bin , Lim Ho‐Nam , Lu Huan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study measured the goniochromatic properties of human tooth dentin through the viewing angle dependent color change measurement, and determined the influence of the microscopic structural nonuniformity of dentin surface on the gonioappearance. Color of 21 polished dentin specimens was measured by a spectroradiometer in wet and dry conditions. Spectral reflectance values were obtained with 0, 20, 45, and 70° aspecular viewing angles to the surface. These values were converted to CIE color coordinates (CIE L*, a*, and b*) relative to the specular set (0°) standard white tile to determine general goniochromatic effect, and to the same aspecular set standard white tiles to determine the influence of nonuniformity on dentin surface caused by dentinal tubules. Color coordinates and chroma were influenced by the viewing angle (P < 0.05). As to the influence of nonuniformity, CIE L* and a* and chroma were influenced by the viewing angle while CIE b* was not (P = 0.05). Goniochromatic effect of human dentin was confirmed instrumentally, and the nonuniformity of dentin increased goniochromatic effect. Based on these results, goniochromatic properties of intact teeth should be studied further, and restorative materials that can simulate these properties should be developed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
A critical role for phagocytosis in resistance to malaria in iron‐deficient mice
Authors: Matsuzaki‐Moriya Chikako , Tu Liping , Ishida Hidekazu , Imai Takashi , Suzue Kazutomo , Hirai Makoto , Tetsutani Kohhei , Hamano Shinjiro , Shimokawa Chikako , Hisaeda Hajime 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBoth iron‐deficient anemia (IDA) and malaria remain a threat to children in developing countries. Children with IDA are resistant to malaria, but the reasons for this are unknown. In this study, we addressed the mechanisms underlying the protection against malaria observed in IDA individuals using a rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii (Py). We showed that the intra‐erythrocytic proliferation and amplification of Py parasites were not suppressed in IDA erythrocytes and immune responses specific for Py parasites were not enhanced in IDA mice. We also found that parasitized IDA cells were more susceptible to engulfment by phagocytes in vitro than control cells, resulting in rapid clearance of parasitized cells and that protection of IDA mice from malaria was abrogated by inhibiting phagocytosis. One possible reason for this rapid clearance might be increased exposure of phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of parasitized IDA erythrocytes. The results of this study suggest that parasitized IDA erythrocytes are eliminated by phagocytic cells, which sense alterations in the membrane structure of parasitized IDA erythrocytes.
Electrochemiluminescence Aptamer Biosensor for Detection of Thrombin Based on CdS QDs/ACNTs Electrode
Authors: Yang Lizhu , Zhu Jing , Xu Ying , Yun Wen , Zhang Renyi , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA label‐free ECL aptamer biosensor based on CdS QDs/ACNTs electrode for the sensitive detection of thrombin was fabricated. CdS QDs and Chitosan (CTS) complex films were coated and filled the tubes of ACNTs by carrying out electrodeposition reaction of CTS‐CdS QDs on ACNTs electrode, the resulting electrode showed high ECL intensity and good biocompatibility. After aptamer was bound to the film via glutaric dialdehyde, the modified electrode could be used as an ECL aptamer sensor for the thrombin detection. The specific reaction between thrombin and aptamer resulted in the decrease in ECL intensity. The change of the ECL intensity was found to be linear with the logarithm of thrombin concentration in the range from 1.0×10−13 M to 1.0×10−9 M. The ECL aptamer sensor had the advantages of speed, high sensitivity, specificity and stability, which could be a promising technique for protein detection.
Electrochemical Determination of L‐Dopa in Mucuna pruriens Seeds, Leaves and Commercial Siddha Product Using Gold Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: Kalachar H. C. B. , S. Basavanna  , Viswanatha R. , Naik Y. Arthoba , Raj D. Ananda , Sudha P. N. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the present work a gold modified pencil graphite electrode (GPGE) was used for the determination of L‐dopa present in the aqueous extracts of Mucuna pruriens seeds (MPS), Mucuna pruriens leaves (MPL) and Commercial Siddha Product (CSP). The GPGE shows excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of both L‐dopa and ascorbic acid (AA), with the separation of peak potential of 98 mV. The differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) results indicated that the detection limit for L‐dopa was 1.54 µM (S/N=3). This method can be successfully applied for the determination of L‐dopa in real samples.
Determination of Ofloxacin in Pharmaceuticals, Human Urine and Serum Using a Potentiometric Sensor
Authors: Pimenta A. M. , Souto M. R. S. , Catarino R. I. L. , Leal M. F. C. , Lima J. L. F. C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn ofloxacin‐selective electrode was developed for application in pharmaceutical preparations, serum and urine analysis. The electrode is based on tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate as ion exchanger in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane. The sensor displayed a Nernstian response for ofloxacin over a wide concentration range (3×10−6–1×10−2 mol L−1) with a slope of 55±1 mV per decade of concentration and a practical detection limit of 1×10−6 mol L−1. The electrode was successfully applied to the determination of ofloxacin in samples with no pretreatment steps, adequate accuracy and precision and recoveries within the intervals of 94–107 %.
Possibilities and Outlooks of the Use of Sensors with Mechanically Renewed Solid Electrodes in Electroanalysis
Authors: Aleksandrova T. P. , Skvortsova L. I. , Bek R. Y. , Vais A. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe described data provide evidence that developed and implemented device of solid electrode regeneration by cutting off a thin surface layer efficiently enhances the reproducibility of the area and properties of the working surface of the electrode. Broad possibilities of the use of the device for the analysis of various objects were demonstrated. The stripping voltammetry with the high‐voltage accumulation (HVA) of the metals is usable only with the developed sensor. HVA accelerates metal cation deposition by 2–3 orders of magnitude.
Effect of random perturbations on adaptive observation techniques
Authors: Hossen M. J. , Navon I. M. , Daescu D. N. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYAn observation sensitivity (OS) method to identify targeted observations is implemented in the context of four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) data assimilation. This methodology is compared with the well‐established adjoint sensitivity (AS) method using a nonlinear Burgers equation as a test model. Automatic differentiation software is used to implement the first‐order adjoint model (ADM) to calculate the gradient of the cost function required in the 4D‐Var minimization algorithm and in the AS computations and the second‐order ADM to obtain information on the Hessian matrix of the 4D‐Var cost that is necessary in the OS computations. Numerical results indicate that the observation‐targeting is particularly successful in reducing the forecast error for moderate Reynolds numbers. The potential benefits of the OS targeting approach over the AS are investigated. The effect of random perturbations on the performance of these adaptive observation techniques is also analyzed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal analysis of CPU with CCC and copper base plate heat sinks using CFD
Authors: Mohan R. , Govindarajan P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper describes experimental and theoretical investigations of heat sinks with different base plate material mounted on CPUs. The thermal model of the computer system with heat sinks which is created using Gambit (for preprocessing) and the simulation is carried out using Fluent (for solver execution and post processing). The following parameters are considered: fin thickness, fin height, and number of fins. Primarily in this paper different base plate thickness and base plate materials are optimized for maintaining the cost and thermal performance of a heat sink. In this research work, the thermal model of the computer system with a slot parallel plate fin heat sink design has been selected, and the fluid flow and thermal flow characteristics of heat sinks are studied. The slot parallel plate fin heat sinks have been used with copper base plates and carbon carbon composite (CCC) base plates to enhance the heat dissipation. The results and conclusion obtained in this present work are found to be in good agreement with numerical results. A complete computer chassis with slot parallel plate heat sinks is investigated varying the thickness of base plate, and the performances of the heat sinks are compared. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20342
Numerical investigation of mixing length on performance of lobed forced mixer nozzles
Authors: Xie Yi , Liu You‐hong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGeometric models of a lobed mixer nozzle with variation of mixing length are created and corresponding flow fields are simulated using a steady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation with realizable k–ϵ turbulence model. The numerical simulation results show that the mixing length of the nozzle has a relatively great influence on the development of streamwise vortices and the effective range for streamwise vortices to intensify mixing is about 0.5D distance from the lobe trailing edge. The change of mixing length has little effect on the thermal mixing efficiency. As for the total pressure recovery coefficient, the shorter the mixing length, the sharper the total pressure recovery coefficient curve. On the nozzle exit section, the thermal mixing efficiency increases at first and then slightly declines, and the total pressure recovery efficiency changes little as the mixing length increases. In addition, the thrust coefficient has some small relationship with the mixing length. The thrust coefficient increases in waves as the mixing length increases and the difference between the maximum and the minimum values is slightly less than 1% when the mixing length increases from 0.4D to D. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj. DOI 10.1002/htj.20343
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Orlow Irene , Roy Pampa , Reiner Anne S. , Yoo Sarah , Patel Himali , Paine Susan , Armstrong Bruce K. , Kricker Anne , Marrett Loraine D. , Millikan Robert C. , Thomas Nancy E. , Gruber Stephen B. , Anton‐Culver Hoda , Rosso Stefano , Gallagher Richard P. , Dwyer Terence , Kanetsky Peter A. , Busam Klaus , From Lynn , Begg Colin B. , Berwick Marianne ,   for the GEM Study Group
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been associated with cancer risk, but only a few polymorphisms have been studied in relation to melanoma risk and the results have been inconsistent. We examined 38 VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large international multicenter population‐based case‐control study of melanoma. Buccal DNAs were obtained from 1,207 people with incident multiple primary melanoma and 2,469 with incident single primary melanoma. SNPs with known or suspected impact on VDR activity, haplotype tagging SNPs with ≥10% minor allele frequency in Caucasians, and SNPs reported as significant in other association studies were examined. Logistic regression was used to calculate the relative risks conferred by the individual SNP. Eight of 38 SNPs in the promoter, coding, and 3′ gene regions were individually significantly associated with multiple primary melanoma after adjusting for covariates. The estimated increase in risk for individuals who were homozygous for the minor allele ranged from 25 to 33% for six polymorphisms: rs10875712 (odds ratios [OR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.62), rs4760674 (OR 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06–1.67), rs7139166 (OR 1.26; 95%CI, 1.02–1.56), rs4516035 (OR 1.25; 95%CI, 1.01–1.55), rs11168287 (OR 1.27; 95%CI, 1.03–1.57) and rs1544410 (OR 1.30; 95%CI, 1.04–1.63); for two polymorphisms, homozygous carriers had a decreased risk: rs7305032 (OR 0.81; 95%CI 0.65–1.02) and rs7965281 (OR, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.62–0.99). We recognize the potential false positive findings because of multiple comparisons; however, the eight significant SNPs in our study outnumbered the two significant tests expected to occur by chance. The VDR may play a role in melanomagenesis.
Impact of intracellular alpha fetoprotein on retinoic acid receptors‐mediated expression of GADD153 in human hepatoma cell lines
Authors: Li Chaoying , Wang Shanshan , Jiang Wei , Li Hui , Liu Zhongmin , Zhang Chao , McNutt Michael A. , Li Gang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of our study was to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the previously unrecognized role of cytoplasmic alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in retinoic acid receptors (RAR) mediated expression and biological effects of GADD153. Using microarray analysis, the expression of the GADD153 gene showed the greatest fold change among apoptosis/growth related genes in response to ATRA. AFP was able to interact with RAR in HepG2 cells, which was undetectable in HLE cells owing to absence of AFP. ATRA promoted nuclei entrance of RAR, expression of GADD153 and apoptosis, and these changes were reversed after transfection with the afp gene or addition of AGN193109. The level of GADD153 was gradually elevated as the effect of AFP was counteracted by increasing dose or prolonging treatment time with ATRA in HepG2 cells. Knockdown of AFP in siRNA‐transfected HepG2 cells or over‐expression of AFP in afp gene‐transfected HLE cells was synchronously associated with up‐regulation or down‐regulation, respectively, of GADD153 expression. Both ATRA administration and AFP knockdown were each able to promote greater binding of RAR to its response element with consequent elevation of the proportion of apoptotic cells. Conversely, transfection of HLE cells with pcDNA3.1‐afp resulted in apparent reduction of RAR binding to DNA and change of biological effect. These data taken together demonstrate the involvement of AFP in RAR‐mediated expression and biological effects of GADD153. These findings provide a novel insight into the mechanism underlying the impact of AFP on the RAR signal network.
Do all roads lead to Rome? Routes to metastasis development
Authors: Sleeman Jonathan P. , Nazarenko Irina , Thiele Wilko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMetastasis, the life‐threatening aspect of cancer, is a systemic disease process. Considerable progress has been made in recent years regarding how tumor cells circulating in the blood and lymphatic systems interact with and extravasate into secondary sites, and what determines whether these disseminated tumors cells survive, remain dormant or go on to form macrometastases. New insights into the routes that tumor cells take once leaving the primary tumor have emerged. Novel concepts regarding early seeding of metastases coupled to parallel progression, self‐seeding of primary tumors by circulating tumor cells and the induction of premetastatic niches in distant organs by primary tumors have come to the fore. The perceived role of the lymphatic system in determining patterns of metastasis formation in distant organs has been reassessed. Together these new insights have the potential to offer new therapeutic options. In particular, the regulation of tumor cell dormancy emerges as a key event in metastasis formation, and therapeutic control of dormancy holds the promise of rendering cancer a chronic rather than life‐threatening disease.