bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of projected transfusional iron burden with treatment intensity in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Ruccione Kathleen S. , Mudambi Kiran , Sposto Richard , Fridey Joy , Ghazarossian Suzy , Freyer David R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundPacked red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion is a mainstay in childhood cancer treatment, but has potential for inducing iron overload. The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment intensity is predictive of projected iron burden resulting from PRBC transfusions among survivors of several forms of childhood cancer.ProcedureThis retrospective cohort study involved patients treated at Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) between June 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. Clinical/demographic data were abstracted from medical records. Treatment Intensity Level was determined for each patient using a published scale. Adjusted cumulative PRBC transfusion volume for each patient (ml/kg) was used to compute the adjusted total iron burden (mg/kg) based upon the average hematocrit of the product.ResultsMedian age of the cohort (n = 214) was 7.9 years (range 0.2–20.2). One hundred and fourteen (53.3%) were male and 129 (60.3%) were Hispanic/Latino. Diagnoses included acute leukemia and six solid tumors, management of which represents a range of cancer treatment intensities. The number of transfusions, transfusion volumes, and projected iron burden were significantly increased and exceeded upper limits of normal among patients with higher treatment intensity. Multivariate analysis found younger age and lower hemoglobin at diagnosis to be associated with greater iron burden after adjusting for treatment intensity.ConclusionGreater treatment intensity is associated with need for more PRBC transfusions, and thus increased risk of iron overload among childhood cancer survivors. Iron overload may represent another clinically significant late effect following childhood cancer treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:697–702. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EGFR as a predictor of relapse in myxopapillary ependymoma
Authors: Verma Anupam , Zhou Holly , Chin Steve , Bruggers Carol , Kestle John , Khatua Soumen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMyxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a rare subtype of ependymoma in children. Though classified as a Grade I tumor, their unpredictable behavior and propensity for local and disseminated recurrence poses a therapeutic challenge. Till date no predictive molecular markers exist for such recurrence, especially with dissemination. We demonstrated that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression was seen in relapsed MPE both at diagnosis and at recurrence and none in the nonrecurring tumors. This finding suggests EGFR could be a predictive biomarker for recurrence in MPE. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:746–748. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A perspective on the role of quantitative structure–activity and structure–property relationships in herbicide discovery
Authors: Clark Robert D 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: For the last 15 years the agrochemical industry has focused on using genetic modification to put genes that confer resistance to existing commercial herbicides into crop plants rather than on discovering new herbicides with novel modes of action. The widespread appearance of weeds resistant to those herbicides is now causing the industry to revive their herbicide discovery programs.RESULTS: Elucidation of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) played a major role in the discovery and development of existing commercial herbicides, but the advent of genetically modified crops has caused published work (at least) in the area to drift from the industrial arena into academic studies. The focus has also turned inward, to refining models for established herbicide targets instead of elucidating new ones.CONCLUSION: This perspective highlights the importance of QSARs and quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) to herbicide discovery in an historical context and provides some guidance as to how they might profitably be applied going forward. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Water free proton transport in imidazole functionalised silicon dioxide material: Calculation of free energy barrier dependent on the mCEC proton coordinate
Authors: Tölle Pia , Köhler Christof 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFree energy barriers are calculated using the modified centre of excess charge (mCEC) coordinate and the umbrella sampling formalism. Proton transport is described on propyl‐imidazole functionalised silicon dioxide surfaces by a quantum mechanical–molecular mechanical coupling (QM/MM) coupling approach, coupling the density functional‐based tight binding method (DFTB) to a classical force field. The proton transport between imidazole groups on the dry surface is shown to be favourable. Besides the comparison of competing transport mechanisms, we discuss the influence of the proton coordinate and the choice of the reaction coordinate.
Excited states of the green fluorescent protein chromophore: Performance of ab initio and semi‐empirical methods
Authors: Wanko Marius , García‐Risueño Pablo , Rubio Angel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe complex photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins give rise to a wide field of applications as markers in molecular biology. Understanding these properties is essential for rational genetic engineering of new fluorescent proteins. Here, theoretical models are required to support the interpretation of structural and spectroscopic experimental data. This requires the accurate and reliable prediction of excited‐state features of the chromophore and its interactions with the protein matrix. Here, we compare calculations of absorption and emission energies of semi‐empirical (OM2/MRCI, ZINDO/S, and TD‐DFTB) and ab initio (SORCI, CC2, and TDDFT) approaches for the HBDI chromophore in vacuo and wild‐type green fluorescent protein (GFP) using QM/MM models. We discuss the influence of electrostatic fields, the chromophore geometry, the size of the QM region, and methodological aspects, in particular charge‐transfer states in TDDFT and the applicability of real‐space TDDFT codes. We revisit previous opposing theoretical studies and benchmark gas‐phase measurements.magnified image
Proton transfer wire of wild‐type green fluorescent protein (wt‐GFP).
High frequency vertical InAs nanowire MOSFETs integrated on Si substrates
Authors: Johansson Sofia , Ghalamestani Sepideh Gorji , Egard Mikael , Borg Mattias , Berg Martin , Wernersson Lars‐Erik , Lind Erik 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRF and DC characterization of vertical InAs nanowire MOSFET on Si substrates are presented. Nanowire arrays are epitaxially integrated on Si substrates by use of a thin InAs buffer layer. For device fabrication, high‐k HfO2 gate dielectric and wrap‐gates are used. Post‐deposition annealing of the high‐k is evaluated by comparing one annealed and one not‐annealed sample. The annealed sample show better DC characteristics in terms of transconductance, gm = 155 mS/mm, and on‐current, Ion = 550 mA/mm. Box plots of on‐current, on‐resistance and transconductance for all 190‐nanowire‐array transistors on the annealed sample suggest that the electrical properties of the nanowires are preserved when scaling the nanowire diameter. Finally, high frequency characterisation yields a unity current gain cut‐off frequency of ft = 9.3 GHz for the annealed sample and ft = 2.0 GHz for the not‐annealed sample. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot photodetector on germanium substrate
Authors: Banerjee Sreetama , Halder Nilanjan , Chakrabarti Subhananda 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe are reporting the growth of 30 layer self‐assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) structures on Ge substrate where a proper interface formation procedure was followed to minimise the defect density at the GaAs/Ge interface. The interface formation technique includes deposition of a migration enhanced epitaxy (MEE) grown GaAs layer followed by deposition of a thin GaAs layer grown with multiple annealing steps in between. The structural and optical properties of the heterostructure are evaluated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Photoluminescence (PL). The I‐V curve for the grown device structure has been demonstrated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
InAs/GaAs quantum dots on germanium‐on‐insulator‐on‐silicon substrates (GeOI) using molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Liang Y. Y. , Yoon S. F. , Ngo C. Y. , Loke W. K. , Fitzgerald E. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) on GeOI were grown at various growth temperatures and in‐depth photoluminescence study was conducted to characterize the optical properties of QDs on GeOI. InAs QDs with room temperature emission of 1.26 μm and areal density of 4.8 × 1010 cm‐2 were obtained. It was shown that high QD growth temperature helps to promote uniform dot size distribution but In‐Ga intermixing may lead to excessive thermal escape of carriers. Photoluminescence studies suggest that QDs on GeOI have good optical quality but with small amount of defects, acting as non‐radiative recombination centers (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new approach of planar oxidation of buried AlxGa1–xAs/GaAs epitaxial structures for optical and electrical confinement applications
Authors: Chouchane F. , Doucet J. B. , Arnoult A. , Lacoste G. , Fontaine C. , Almuneau G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe propose an original approach of lateral confinement through oxidation of buried AlGaAs layers and epitaxial regrowth. The buried AlGaAs layer is selectively oxidized from the surface thanks to an array of sub‐micron holes defined by electron beam lithography and etched in the GaAs/AlGaAs epitaxial structure. Oxidation spreads laterally into the Al‐rich ternary surrounding the holes until the adjacent oxide fronts coalesce. Finally, epitaxial regrowth is used to stack further epitaxial layers above the partially oxidized structure. This technology enables free engineering of localized buried oxide areas through standard lithography techniques, unlike the standard process of lateral oxidation on mesas with size of a few decamicrons for which the oxide aperture is circumcised by the initial mesa shape. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Well‐arrayed ZnO nanostructures formed by multi‐annealing processes at low temperature
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Li Zeming , Kawaharamura Toshiyuki , Furuta Mamoru , Narusawa Tadashi , Li Chaoyang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel process of multi‐annealing was proposed for forming well‐arrayed ZnO nanostructures on as‐deposited ZnO thin films that were prepared on quartz glass using a radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering at low temperature. It was found that the formation and morphology of ZnO nanostructures were strongly dependent on the reducing gas annealing processes. Oxygen ambient annealing between two reducing annealing processes had the effect of introducing more oxygen into the ZnO thin film, as well as improving the crystallinity of the ZnO nanostructures. An intense photoluminescence peak centered at 504 nm was observed in the well‐arrayed ZnO nanostructures, due to the large amount of oxygen vacancies which existed on the larger surface area of ZnO nanostructures formed after the multi‐annealing processes at a low temperature of 430 °C. These results show that multi‐annealing processes are very effective in forming well‐arrayed and controllable ZnO nanostructures (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low noise high responsivity InAs electron avalanche photodiodes for infrared sensing
Authors: Ker Pin Jern , Marshall Andrew R. J. , David John P. R. , Tan Chee Hing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDark current measurements on SU‐8 passivated InAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) were carried out at temperatures ranging from 77 to 290 K. Extraction of the bulk and surface components suggested that the InAs APDs exhibit diffusion dominated bulk current and generation‐recombination surface current. The activation energies obtained were 0.36 eV and 0.18 eV for bulk and surface components respectively. The responsivities of the InAs APDs were measured for wavelengths between 1.3 to 2 µm and the quantum efficiency was calculated to be ∼50% across the measured wavelengths. The detectivity of the InAs diode was calculated based on the measured dark current density and responsivity. It was shown that the InAs APD has comparable detectivity with a commercial Judson InAs photodiode at temperatures of 200 to 290 K but has approximately 10 times higher detectivity than a commercial Hamamatsu InAs photodiode at 77 K. The potential of InAs APDs for infrared sensing is shown yielding high responsivity values and low dark current densities at 77 K. An avalanche multiplication factor of 22 with minimal excess noise factor at a dark current density of ∼10‐4 A/cm2, equivalent to a gain normalized dark current of ∼5 x 10‐6 A/cm2 is obtained (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of ridge‐shaped AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well structure for observation of evanescent wave coupling effect
Authors: Hao Guo‐Dong , Seo JongUk , Wang Xue‐Lun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA ridge‐shaped AlGaInP/GaInP quantum well (QW) structure with a ridge top width in the sub‐wavelength region (500–600 nm) is successfully fabricated by selective area metal organic vapor phase epitaxial growth on patterned GaAs substrates, as the first step towards the realization of high‐efficiency light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) utilizing the evanescent wave coupling effect. It is confirmed by an X‐ray diffraction study that AlGaInP layers grown on all the different facets of the ridge structure satisfy the lattice matching requirements for high‐efficiency LED applications. A considerable enhancement of the light‐extraction efficiency in the fabricated ridge‐shaped QW structure is demonstrated by means of a photoluminescence analysis. The realization of the evanescent wave coupling effect is suggested by theoretical simulation. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novel wide‐area fault location and predictive maintenance technique for distribution system
Authors: Tan Chia Kwang , Ramachandaramurthy V. K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLocating faults in a power network has been a common chore for utility personnel. However, with the increasing demand in consumer expectations nowadays, fault location time needs to be shortened so that supply can be restored as soon as possible. Considerable amount of time can be saved if an automated mechanism is available to direct the repair crew to the region of fault. Transmission system has already adopted the automated fault location algorithm in their relay. However, implementing such an approach in wide‐area distribution network would require huge capital expenditure and resources. This paper presents a reliable, automated fault location algorithm within a wide‐area distribution network using a limited number of monitoring devices. In addition, the proposed algorithm is also capable of offering a means of predictive maintenance strategy for the utilities. The algorithm is able to identify the faulted branches in a radial distribution system with high accuracy. In most cases, the calculated fault location is very close to the actual one. This algorithm has also overcome the drawbacks of existing techniques for automated fault location in wide‐area distribution network. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic network programming with subroutines for automatic program generation
Authors: Li Bing , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a subroutine mechanism is introduced in genetic network programming for automatic program generation (GNP‐APG). The proposed method named GNP with subroutines for APG (GNPsr‐APG) is an extension of the algorithm of GNP‐APG, where hierarchy programs are generated: in other words, programs that contain a main function and subroutines are generated. The proposed method automatically defines the main function and use of the potentially useful subroutines during evolution. By using subroutines, a complex program can be decomposed to several simple programs which are obtained more easily. Moreover, these subroutines are called many times from a main program, which results in reducing the size of the program significantly. The simulation results verify that the proposed method can improve the performance of GNP‐APG and reduce the size of the program. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cerebral ventricular system in fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Loureiro T. , Ushakov F. , Montenegro N. , Gielchinsky Y. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if in fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation there are alterations in the cerebral ventricular system.MethodsIn this study we selected 10 cases of open spina bifida and 410 normal singleton pregnancies which subsequently resulted in the delivery of phenotypically normal neonates. In all cases transvaginal sonography was carried out at 11–13 weeks' gestation and three‐dimensional (3D) brain volumes were acquired. The fetal head was systematically assessed in a series of transverse views and measurements were obtained of the area of the lateral ventricles, the diameter of the roof of the third ventricle, the diameter of the aqueduct of Sylvius and the diameter of the fourth ventricle. The measurements obtained on the normal and affected fetuses were compared.ResultsIn normal fetuses the area of the lateral ventricles and the diameter of the roof of the third ventricle increased, the diameter of the aqueduct of Sylvius decreased and the diameter of the fourth ventricle did not change significantly with biparietal diameter (BPD). In fetuses with open spina bifida, compared with normal fetuses, the measurements of the lateral ventricle area, the diameter of the roof of the third ventricle, the diameter of the aqueduct of Sylvius and the diameter of the fourth ventricle were significantly decreased (P < 0.01).ConclusionIn fetuses with open spina bifida at 11–13 weeks' gestation the intracranial collection of cerebrospinal fluid is substantially reduced. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a bi‐material strip
Authors: Suhir E. , Gschohsmann W. , Nicolics J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA theory‐of‐elasticity‐based analytical (“mathematical”) model has been developed, in application to an advanced ceramic electrical sensor design, for a bi‐material elongated strip experiencing longitudinal displacements distributed over one of its long edges. The actual gage is configured like a thin bi‐material plate‐like element attached to a thick‐and‐stiff carrier (substrate). The model assumes, however, that the mechanical behavior of such a gage could be evaluated by considering the behavior of the longitudinal cross‐section of the gage and by treating this cross‐section like an elongated bi‐material strip. Because the substrate is typically much thicker and much stiffer than the strip, the displacements of the substrate determine the longitudinal displacements at the strip‐substrate interface, while the displacements of the strip do not affect the displacements of the substrate. The obtained results enable one to determine how thick (“high”) the two component ceramic strips should/could be made, so that the substrate displacements could be adequately recorded and interpreted from the measured longitudinal displacements at the free edge of the bi‐material strip. We have found that if the ratios of the thicknesses (“heights”) of each of the component strips to the length of the strip in question are below (1/2π) ≈︁ 0.16, i.e., when the approximations sinh u ≈︁ u and cosh u ≈︁ 1 can be applied, the longitudinal displacements at the free edge of the upper strip and the interfacial displacements will not be different from the displacements of the substrate. In addition, we have found that these displacements are independent of the elastic constants of the strip materials. We believe that the obtained solution could be used also in other areas of applied science and engineering, where bi‐material strip‐like elements of the type in question are employed. The analysis is a generalization of the authors' study conducted earlier for a single material strip.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Recurrence in Patients with Pathologically T1 Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Iida Shuji , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Okabayashi Koji , Moritani Konosuke , Mukai Makio , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe evolution of diagnostic procedures has resulted in an increase in early detection of pathologically T1 (pT1) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the risk factors affecting long‐term outcomes of patients with pT1 CRCs have been unclear. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for postoperative recurrence and overall survival in patients with pT1 CRC.MethodsBetween January 1990 and January 2003, a total of 284 patients with pT1 CRC underwent radical surgery in the authors’ institution. The impact of clinicopathological factors on postoperative recurrence and overall survival was estimated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 55 months (interquartile range: 47.1 months). Postoperative recurrence occurred in 8 (2.8%) patients. The overall 5‐year and 10‐year disease‐free survival rates were 98.4 and 92.7%. Multivariate analysis showed the presence of lymphatic invasion only was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence in pT1 CRC patients (hazard ratio: 11.622; P = 0.003). The 5‐year and 10‐year disease‐free survival rates of the patients in N‐ly− group, the N‐ly + group, and the N+ group were 99.5%/98.2% and 96.3%/75.2%, and 93.3%/93.3%, respectively. Additionally, 4 of the 8 recurrences were found more than 5 years after the operation.ConclusionsLymphatic invasion was an independent risk factor for recurrence in pT1 CRC patients.
Effects of Seat Belt Usage on Injury Pattern and Outcome of Vehicle Occupants After Road Traffic Collisions: Prospective Study
Authors: Abu‐Zidan Fikri M. , Abbas Alaa K. , Hefny Ashraf F. , Eid Hani O. , Grivna Michal 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundInjury and death from road traffic collisions (RTCs) is a major health problem worldwide. The seat belt is the most important RTC safety innovation to reduce injury severity and death from RTCs. We aimed to study the effects of seat belt usage on injury patterns and outcomes of restrained vehicle occupants compared with unrestrained occupants after RTCs.MethodsRTC trauma patients who were vehicle occupants and admitted to Al‐Ain and Tawam Hospitals, or who died after arrival at the emergency departments were prospectively studied during the period of April 2006 to October 2007. Demography of patients, position in the vehicle, usage of seat belts, injury severity markers, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hospital stay, need for surgery, injured body regions, and mortality were analyzed.ResultsOf 783 vehicle occupants, 766 (98%) patients with known seat belt status were studied. Among them, the 631 (82.4%) who were unrestrained were significantly younger than the restrained patients (P < 0.0001). The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores for the thorax, back, and lower extremity were significantly higher in unrestrained than in restrained patients (P = 0.001, P = 0.036, and P = 0.045 respectively). The GCS was significantly lower in unrestrained than in restrained patients (P = 0.006). More surgical operations were performed in the unrestrained patients (P = 0.027).ConclusionsSeat belt usage reduces the severity of injury, hospital stay, and number of operations in injured patients. Seat belt compliance is low in our community. More legal enforcement of seat belt usage is mandatory to reduce the severity of injury caused by RTCs.