bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMI's Aspire program feeds its senior leader pipeline through self‐nominations
Authors: Stage Victoria , Houghton Russell 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSelf‐nominations, combined with sophisticated assessment and selection tools, have produced a more diverse pool of highly qualified talent that IMI, a worldwide engineering company, is now grooming for its top 40 senior leadership roles. A three‐step nomination and selection process for the enterprise‐level Aspire program includes 360‐degree‐type performance assessments; online testing of potential that measures foundational capabilities and predispositions as well as accelerators in order to assign a norm‐based percentile standing; and an assessment center with simulations for gauging readiness for senior leadership roles. Those selected as Aspire participants are afforded a range of activities, geared to individual and organizational needs, that include training/education, on‐the‐job and business‐driven development, and relationship‐driven development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Companies rehearse a very different future: Connecting leadership capability and strategy execution through simulation
Authors: Carucci Ron 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHow can an organization's leaders best learn the behaviors and competencies required in a very different future? “Rehearsing the future” simulations immerse leaders in a fictitious business context strategically similar to their company's desired future to solve critical issues as a leadership team. The author differentiates future rehearsal simulation from computer simulation; describes when, where, and why these simulations are effective; and details the process for building a simulation that integrates multiple leadership development tools. Two actual cases, a global technology corporation seeking a horizontally integrated platform of products and services and a biotech company determined to shorten its product development timelines, illustrate the benefits of simulation technology for leaders and the business. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conducting business in Greece: A brief for international managers
Authors: Nakos George E. , Hajidimitriou Yannis A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGreece has emerged in recent years as an attractive business destination for international companies. European Union membership and the adoption of the euro have greatly changed the Greek economy. This article outlines recent changes in the Greek political and economic environment and the opportunities and challenges that international managers face in Greece. Energy, technology, tourism, and food and beverage industries are the hot sectors of the economy where foreign investors are expected to concentrate their interest in the future. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ussing chamber results for amino acid absorption of protein hydrolysates in porcine jejunum must be corrected for endogenous protein
Authors: Awati Ajay , Rutherfurd Shane M , Plugge Wim , Reynolds Gordon W , Marrant Helene , Kies Arie K , Moughan Paul J 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ussing chambers have been used extensively as an ex vivo model to investigate intestinal nutrient absorption. In this study Ussing chambers were used to investigate the absorption of amino acids and peptides in pig jejunal tissue using a highly hydrolysed casein hydrolysate (PeptoPro®), casein and whey protein isolate after they had been digested with pepsin and pancreatin to simulate digestion products in the jejunum. Jejunal tissue was collected from three pigs and mounted into Ussing chambers, equilibrated, and the luminal chamber loaded with one of three test nitrogen sources. Luminal solution samples were taken every 10 min over a 90 min incubation period and the amino acid concentration determined. To determine the endogenous amino acid contribution of the tissue to the luminal solution, Ussing chambers containing no test N source (blanks) were prepared and treated similarly to the Ussing chambers containing the test N sources.RESULTS: The endogenous amino acid contribution was 0.5 mg in the luminal solution at time 0 and increased to 1 mg after 90 min. The mean amino acid absorption after 10 min incubation for the pre‐digested highly hydrolysed casein hydrolysate (16.6%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for the pre‐digested casein (7.6%) and whey protein isolate (6.7%).CONCLUSION: Endogenous amino acids were a quantitatively significant portion of the luminal solution amino acids present in the Ussing chambers containing the test N sources. Ussing chambers may be a suitable tool for studying amino acid absorption of protein hydrolysates but correction for the endogenous amino acid contribution from the intestinal tissue must be made. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of humic acid on fermentation and ciliate protozoan population in rumen fluid of sheep in vitro
Authors: Váradyová Zora , Kišidayová Svetlana , Jalč Dušan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Humic acid (HA) as a product of decomposition of animal and plant tissue is used in animal production as a feed supplement, antimicrobial product and growth stimulator. The objective of the present in vitro study was to investigate the effects of dietary humic acid as a commercial Humacid 60 Basic (H60B) feed additive preparation on rumen fermentation and the ciliate protozoan population in the rumen fluid of sheep using a high fibre (HF) and high concentrate (HC) diet in batch cultures and artificial rumen (RUSITEC).RESULTS: Production of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) for batch cultures by the HF‐H60B diet. The HF‐H60B diet decreased ammonia N in RUSITEC (P < 0.001). An increase in the population of Enoploplastron triloricatum, Isotricha spp. and Ophryoscolex c. tricoronatus with the HF‐H60B diet and Diploplastron affine with the HC‐H60B was observed. The H60B did not affect the total ciliate population and Entodinium spp.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that dietary humic acid preparations are not effective as dietary antiprotozoal agents. Humic acid might enhance microbial growth and energy efficiency in doses up to 10 g kg−1 DM of diet. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
No Lewy pathology in monkeys with over 10 years of severe MPTP Parkinsonism
Authors: Halliday Glenda , Herrero Maria Trinidad , Murphy Karen , McCann Heather , Ros‐Bernal Francisco , Barcia Carlos , Mori Hideo , Blesa Francisco J. , Obeso José A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe recent knowledge that 10 years after transplantation surviving human fetal neurons adopt the histopathology of Parkinson's disease suggests that Lewy body formation takes a decade to achieve. To determine whether similar histopathology occurs in 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐primate models over a similar timeframe, the brains of two adult monkeys made parkinsonian in their youth with intermittent injections of MPTP were studied. Despite substantial nigral degeneration and increased α‐synuclein immunoreactivity within surviving neurons, there was no evidence of Lewy body formation. This suggests that MPTP‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation per se are not sufficient for Lewy body formation, or Lewy bodies are human specific. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Temporoparietal fascial free flap for correction of first web space atrophy
Authors: Kruavit Arthi , Visuthikosol Vivat 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFourteen temporoparietal fascial free flaps were used for correction of first web space atrophy from ulnar nerve palsy in 13 patients. Ten sustained ulnar nerve injuries and three suffered from leprosy. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia except one leprosy patient with bilateral ulnar nerve palsy in which local anesthesia and brachial block were employed to harvest bilateral free flaps and recipient site preparations, respectively. The follow‐up time varied from 4 to 64 months. The postoperative results were satisfactory and there was no resorption of the free flaps. The consistency of the augmented first web space was soft and compressible like natural feel. The size of the flap was more than enough for augmentation of first web space and donor site morbidity was minimal and accepted by all patients. We conclude that temporoparietal fascial free flap is an ideal autogenous tissue for correction of first web space atrophy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Ischial pressure sores: Reconstruction using the perforator‐based reverse flow musculocutaneous 180° propeller flap
Authors: Jakubietz Rafael G. , Jakubietz Michael G. , Jakubietz Danni F. , Koehler Guido , Zeplin Phillip H. , Meffert Rainer H. , Schmidt Karsten 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe treatment of pressure sores requires soft tissue reconstruction with thick tissue to provide padding of bony prominences and obliterate dead space. Fasciocutaneous flaps may not provide adequate bulk. Propeller flaps (180°) based on perforators from the gluteal artery may be harvested as a reverse flow musculocutaneous flap including a muscle plug to reconstruct deep cavities. Three patients presenting with deep pressure sores required reconstruction of large cavities. In addition to a regular 180° propeller flap, a muscle plug based on a perforator found in the blade of the propeller was used to add bulk to the flap and obliterate the cavity with well‐vascularized tissue. One flap required secondary closure of the donor site due to dehiscence, one hematoma required drainage. All flaps survived completely. No recurrence of osteomyelitis or pressure sores was seen. The 180° propeller flap can be harvested as a reverse flow musculocutaneous flap including a muscle plug in the distal blade. This adds volume which is required to adequately obliterate large cavities in cases of osteomyelitis. This new technique may be useful in other areas as well. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009.
A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for linear elasticity
Authors: Soon S.‐C. , Cockburn B. , Stolarski Henryk K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the application of the so‐called hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to linear elasticity problems. The method has three significant features. The first is that the only globally coupled degrees of freedom are those of an approximation of the displacement defined solely on the faces of the elements. The corresponding stiffness matrix is symmetric, positive definite, and possesses a block‐wise sparse structure that allows for a very efficient implementation of the method. The second feature is that, when polynomials of degree k are used to approximate the displacement and the stress, both variables converge with the optimal order of k+1 for any k⩾0. The third feature is that, by using an element‐by‐element post‐processing, a new approximate displacement can be obtained that converges at the order of k+2, whenever k⩾2. Numerical experiments are provided to compare the performance of the HDG method with that of the continuous Galerkin (CG) method for problems with smooth solutions, and to assess its performance in situations where the CG method is not adequate, that is, when the material is nearly incompressible and when there is a crack. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in part‐time job quality within the nonprofit human service sector
Authors: Haley‐Lock Anna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article extends the growing literature on the quality of part‐time employment to the domain of nonprofit human services, specifically grassroots organizations in which paid work is itself a relatively new reality. It addresses three central questions: How do part‐time and full‐time workers differ in their personal and household characteristics? How do part‐time jobs differ in access to employment benefits from their full‐time counterparts; and finally, How does benefits access vary among part‐time job titles? These lines of inquiry are examined using data from the populations of nonprofit domestic violence programs and their employees in a large midwestern metropolitan area. Analyses of worker‐level data reveal that part‐time workers in these settings disproportionately live with children, are in committed relationships, and report a strong preference for employment that facilitates work‐life balance; they are also less likely to be primary household wage earners. Analyses at the level of jobs suggest that employment benefits extended to part‐time jobs are minimal compared to their full‐time equivalents, but there are also striking variations among different part‐time titles. The results offer insights into the nature of part‐time work in these nonprofit human service settings and potential challenges for effective management.
A critical cross‐cultural perspective for developing nonprofit international management capacity
Authors: Jackson Terence 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIssues of the effectiveness of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are becoming critical among a claim that cultural sensitivity to people's needs and the appropriateness of interventions is a competitive advantage of the sector. Here, the cross‐cultural management agenda is set out, particularly in terms of the transferability or appropriateness of management knowledge and development interventions. Research propositions are presented that, if supported through future empirical findings, suggest cultural hybridization is a process that can be managed through greater stakeholder involvement, leading to greater appropriateness as well as effectiveness of international NGOs.
The economic value of volunteers to nonprofit organizations
Authors: Bowman Woods 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article applies microeconomic theory to the problem of calculating the economic value of volunteers to nonprofit organizations. It finds weaknesses in two popular valuation metrics: replacement cost and demand price. It argues for a method that measures the economic value of volunteer time by the impact it has on an organization's revenue, through either fundraising or producing goods and services. An Australian case study illustrates the method, and a survey of U.S. nonprofits tests the generality of the assumptions. The concluding section offers suggestions for management practice and further research.
Building stronger weak ties among a diverse pool of emergent nonprofit leaders of color
Authors: Gelles Erna , Merrick Meg , Derrickson Sean , Otis Felesia , Sweeten‐Lopez Oscar , Folsom Jamaal Tripp 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article explores theoretical underpinnings of social capital and strong and weak ties as they relate to relationships within, between, and among six cohorts of promising nonprofit leaders of color in a northwestern U.S. city. Using mixed methods, including network analyses, it considers the impact and potential of a university‐community collaboration to deliver a program to promising emergent leaders nominated for their talent and commitment to the work of their community‐based organizations, often in competition for limited resources. The article considers the program's implicit effect on relationships and reveals intersector connections among alumni. Findings show substantial alumni movement among organizations, increasing the potential for collaboration and mentoring relationships. We conclude with recommendations for programs seeking long‐term impact and discuss a series of unanticipated findings and the questions they engender, many critical as communities and organizations become more diverse and social needs do not diminish.
Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of polyester containing 4‐di‐(2′‐hydroxyethoxy)‐4‐diphenyl‐hydrazonomethyl chromophore
Authors: Issam A. M. , Ratnamalar R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe nonlinear optical property of new polyester has been studied via second harmonic generation (SHG). The values of electro‐optic coefficients, d33 and d31, of the poled polymer film were 3.15 × 10 −7 and 1.5 × 10−7 esu, respectively. Thermal behavior of this polyester was studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 4‐di‐(2′‐hydroxyethoxy)‐4‐diphenyl‐hydrazonomethyl was synthesized from the reaction of 3,4‐dihydroxy‐4‐diphenyl‐hydrazonomethyl with 2–chloro–1‐ethanol in a 1:2 mole ratio and subsequently reacted with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) in the presence of pyridine, as catalyst, to produce the new nonlinear polyester. The chemical structures of the resulting monomers and polymer were characterized by CHN analysis, 1H‐NMR, FT‐IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating nine prescription opioid analgesics and/or four signal detection systems to summarize statewide prescription drug abuse in the United States in 2007
Authors: Schneider Michael F. , Bailey J. Elise , Cicero Theodore J. , Dart Richard C. , Inciardi James A. , Parrino Mark , Muñoz Alvaro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeIntegrate statewide rankings of abuse across different drugs and/or signal detection systems to summarize prescription drug abuse in each state in 2007.MethodsFour signal detection systems (Opioid Treatment Programs, Key Informants, Drug Diversion, and Poison Centers) that covered heterogeneous populations collected data on the abuse of nine opioids: hydrocodone, immediate‐release oxycodone, tramadol, extended‐release [ER] oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, and buprenorphine). We introduce here linearized maps which integrate nine drugs within each system; four systems for each drug; or all drugs and systems.ResultsWhen rankings were integrated across drugs, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, West Virginia, and Michigan were in the highest tertile of abuse in three systems. When rankings were integrated across signal detection systems, there was a geographic clustering of states with the highest rates for ER oxycodone (in Tennessee, Mississippi, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont) and methadone (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, and New Jersey). When rankings were integrated across both drugs and signal detection systems, states with 3‐digit ZIP codes below 269 (i.e., from Massachusetts to West Virginia): Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Washington DC, Virginia, and West Virginia were in the highest tertile and only Delaware was in the lowest tertile.ConclusionsWe have presented methods to integrate data on prescription opioid abuse collected by signal detection systems covering different populations. Linearized maps are effective graphical summaries that depict differences in the level of prescription opioid abuse at the state level. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confidence assessment for protein identification by using peptide‐mass fingerprinting data
Authors: Song Zhao , Chen Luonan , Xu Dong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractProtein identification using Peptide Mass Fingerprinting (PMF) data remains an important yet only partially solved problem. Current computational methods may lead to false positive identification since the top hit from a database search may not be the target protein. In addition, the identification scores assigned singly by a scoring function (raw scores) are not normalized. Therefore, the ranking based on raw scores may be biased. To address the above issue, we have developed a statistical model to evaluate the confidence of the raw score and to improve the ranking of proteins for identification. The results show that the statistical model better ranks the correct protein than the raw scores. Our study provides a new method to enhance the accuracy of protein identification by using PMF data. We incorporated the method into our software package “Protein‐Decision” together with a user‐friendly graphical interface. A standalone version of Protein‐Decision is freely available at http://digbio.missouri.edu/ProteinDecision/.
Proteomics of RAW 264.7 macrophages upon interaction with heat‐inactivated Candida albicans cells unravel an anti‐inflammatory response
Authors: Martínez‐Solano Laura , Reales‐Calderón Jose Antonio , Nombela César , Molero Gloria , Gil Concha 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMurine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were allowed to interact with heat‐inactivated cells of Candida albicans SC5314 during 45 min. The proteomic response of the macrophages was then analyzed using 2‐D gel electrophoresis. Many proteins having differential expression with respect to control macrophages were identified, and their functions were related to important processes, such as cytoskeletal organization, signal transduction, metabolism, protein biosynthesis, stress response and protein fate. Several of these proteins have been described as being involved in the process of inflammation, such as Erp29, Hspa9a, AnxaI, Ran GTPase, P4hb, Clic1 and Psma1. The analysis of the consequences of their variation unravels an overall anti‐inflammatory response of macrophages during the interaction with heat‐inactivated cells. This result was corroborated by the measurement of TNF‐α and of ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels. This anti‐inflammatory effect was contrary to the one observed with live C. albicans cells, which induced higher TNF‐α secretion and higher ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels with respect to control macrophages.
A proteomic study of pectin‐degrading enzymes secreted by Botrytis cinerea grown in liquid culture
Authors: Shah Punit , Gutierrez‐Sanchez Gerardo , Orlando Ron , Bergmann Carl 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBotrytis cinerea is a pathogenic filamentous fungus, which infects more than 200 plant species. The enzymes secreted by B. cinerea play an important role in the successful colonization of a host plant. Some of the secreted enzymes are involved in the degradation of pectin, a major component of the plant cell wall. A total of 126 proteins secreted by B. cinerea were identified by growing the fungus on highly or partially esterified pectin, or on sucrose in liquid culture. Sixty‐seven common proteins were identified in each of the growth conditions, of which 50 proteins exhibited a SignalP motif. Thirteen B. cinerea proteins with functions related to pectin degradation were identified in both pectin growth conditions, while only four were identified in sucrose. Our results indicate it is unlikely that the activation of B. cinerea from the dormant state to active infection is solely dependent on changes in the degree of esterification of the pectin component of the plant cell wall. Further, these results suggest that future studies of the B. cinerea secretome in infections of ripe and unripe fruits will provide important information that will describe the mechanisms that the fungus employs to access nutrients and decompose tissues.
Auditing process safety management in four levels
Authors: Sepeda Adrian L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn audit must have a defined structure, an understood purpose, and enough details to assure completeness. It should be divided into discrete levels with specific topics so that the auditor can fully identify and understand the degree to which each facility or company complies with the requirements. Each of these levels should also be designed to analyze different types of information, implementation actions, and infrastructure. This article proposes and discusses a four‐level approach to conduct a comprehensive and complete audit. The four levels are as follows:
Recognition and acknowledgment of the need to comply with a specific set of rules or regulations,
An implementation strategy and infrastructure,
Evidence of compliance, and
Quality assessments.
The content and purpose of each level as well as the interaction between levels is discussed and explained in this article. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009