bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of the nonclinical quality and toxicology testing for recombinant biopharmaceuticals produced in mammalian cells
Authors: Lebrec Hervé , Narayanan Padma , Nims Raymond 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBiopharmaceuticals represent significant advances in therapeutic approaches for unmet medical needs, and increasingly, traditional pharmaceutical firms have been incorporating biotechnology capabilities into their product portfolios. There are some differences in the overall safety testing paradigms for small molecules and biopharmaceuticals, this safety testing including both quality and toxicology aspects. These differences are associated with both the manufacturing processes involved and the molecules themselves. For example, for biopharmaceuticals, living cells represent the factories for synthesizing complex molecular entities. As a result of this, safety testing for this class of drugs includes adventitious agent testing (e.g. viral, mycoplasma, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents) not normally needed for small molecules. Also, strategies for nonclinical toxicology testing of biopharmaceuticals differ from the paradigms used for small molecules and often need to be defined on a case‐by‐case basis, primarily taking into consideration species cross‐reactivity attributes of the molecule of interest. Certain studies required for small molecules are not applicable to most biopharmaceuticals (i.e. genotoxicity testing, testing for interactions with the hERG channel). This manuscript provides an overview of both the quality and nonclinical toxicology testing for these mammalian‐cell‐derived products, two elements pivotal to the overall nonclinical assessment of the safety of these biopharmaceutical products. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p53 control of bone remodeling
Authors: Liu Huijuan , Li Baojie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTumor suppressor p53 is a transcription regulator that displays anti‐proliferation activities once activated by stress, in particular genotoxic stress. Recent mouse genetic studies revealed a critical role for p53 in bone remodeling, supported by both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of function studies. p53 deficiency concurrently enhances proliferation and accelerates differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitor cells, resulting in an increase in bone formation and bone mass/density. Moreover, Atm, c‐Abl, and Mdm2, upstream regulators of p53 in DNA damage response, regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling as well. While the molecular mechanisms await further investigation, there is evidence to suggest that p53 regulate osteoblast differentiation via transcription factors Runx2/Osterix, which are involved in osteoblast differentiation and transformation and are under the control of BMP and IGF pathways. Moreover, there are studies showing that p53 inhibits cell differentiation in many other tissues. These findings suggest that p53 acts as a safeguard of differentiation in addition to “guardian of the genome” and challenge the conventional wisdom that tumor suppressors usually block cell proliferation and promote differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 529–534, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Syntaxin 16: Unraveling cellular physiology through a ubiquitous SNARE molecule
Authors: Chen Yanan , Gan Bin Qi , Tang Bor Luen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSyntaxin 16 (Syx16) is member of the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family of molecules that functions in membrane fusion in eukaryotic cells. A rather ubiquitously expressed, tail‐anchored membrane protein localized mainly at the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), it mediates primarily retrograde endosomal‐TGN transport. In spite of its ubiquitous expression, Syx16 has specific and interesting roles in the physiology of specialized cells, including Glut4 dynamics, dendritic outgrowth‐related membrane traffic, and cytokinesis. We discussed these physiological functions of Syx16 in the light of what is known of its subcellular localization, vesicular trafficking pathways involved, cognate SNARE partners and other interacting proteins. Further, we speculate on some possible pathophysiological roles of Syx16. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 326–332, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of MT1‐MMP activity by β‐catenin in MDCK non‐cancer and HT1080 cancer cells
Authors: Liu Ping , Yang Jianbo , Pei Jing , Pei Duanqing , Wilson Michael J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPast studies on β‐catenin in cancer cells focused on nuclear localized β‐catenin and its involvement in the Wnt pathway. Our goal here was to investigate the function of β‐catenin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus on the regulation of MT1‐MMP expression and activity. We found that β‐catenin in MDCK non‐cancer cells inhibited the cell surface localization of MT1‐MMP, and thus its proteolytic activity on pro‐MMP2 activation, via direct interaction with the 18‐amino‐acid cytoplasmic tail of MT1‐MMP in the cytoplasm. In contrast, β‐catenin in HT1080 cancer cells enhanced the activity of MT1‐MMP by entering the nucleus and activating transcription factor Tcf‐4/Lef, and elevating the level of MT1‐MMP protein. We also found that enhancement of cell growth in three‐dimensional (3‐D)/two‐dimensional (2‐D) type I collagen gels and of cell migration by MT1‐MMP were inhibited by β‐catenin in MDCK cells, whereas these functions were enhanced in HT1080 cells. In addition, regulation of MT1‐MMP by β‐catenin involved E‐cadherin in MDCK cells and Wnt‐3a in HT1080 cells. Taken together, our results present a differential effect of cytoplasmic and nuclear β‐catenin on MT1‐MMP activity in non‐cancer cells versus cancer cells. These differences were most probably due to different subcellular locations and different involved pathways of β‐catenin in these cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 810–821, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: O'Boyle Ernest H. , Humphrey Ronald H. , Pollack Jeffrey M. , Hawver Thomas H. , Story Paul A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis meta‐analysis builds upon a previous meta‐analysis by (1) including 65 per cent more studies that have over twice the sample size to estimate the relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and job performance; (2) using more current meta‐analytical studies for estimates of relationships among personality variables and for cognitive ability and job performance; (3) using the three‐stream approach for classifying EI research; (4) performing tests for differences among streams of EI research and their relationships with personality and cognitive intelligence; (5) using latest statistical procedures such as dominance analysis; and (6) testing for publication bias. We classified EI studies into three streams: (1) ability‐based models that use objective test items; (2) self‐report or peer‐report measures based on the four‐branch model of EI; and (3) “mixed models” of emotional competencies. The three streams have corrected correlations ranging from 0.24 to 0.30 with job performance. The three streams correlated differently with cognitive ability and with neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Streams 2 and 3 have the largest incremental validity beyond cognitive ability and the Five Factor Model (FFM). Dominance analysis demonstrated that all three streams of EI exhibited substantial relative importance in the presence of FFM and intelligence when predicting job performance. Publication bias had negligible influence on observed effect sizes. The results support the overall validity of EI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Note: Correction added on 22 July 2010 after first publication online on 29 June 2010. The affiliations for Ronald H. Humphrey and Thomas H. Hawver have been corrected in this version of the article.
Preparative enrichment and separation of astragalosides from Radix Astragali extracts using macroporous resins
Authors: Kong Yu , Yan Ming‐Ming , Liu Wei , Chen Cai‐Yun , Zhao Bao‐Shan , Zu Yuan‐Gang , Fu Yu‐Jie , Luo Meng , Wink Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe enrichment and separation of astragalosides I–IV (AGs I–IV) were studied on eight macroporous resins in the present study. SA‐3 resin offered the best adsorption and desorption capacities for AGs I–IV than other resins. The models of adsorption kinetics were investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of adsorption. The pseudo‐second‐order model was the better choice than the pseudo‐first‐order model to describe the adsorption behavior of AGs I–IV onto SA‐3 resin. The equilibrium experimental data were well fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. SA‐3 resin adsorption chromatography tests were carried out to optimize the separation process of AGs I–IV from Radix Astragali extracts. With the optimum parameters for adsorption and desorption, the contents of AGs I–IV were 8.78‐, 11.60‐, 10.52‐ and 11.28‐fold increased with the recovery yields being 65.88, 90.92, 84.25 and 94.17%, respectively. The preparative enrichment and separation of AGs I–IV from Radix Astragali extracts can be easily and effectively achieved by SA‐3 resin adsorption chromatography. The developed methodology can also be referenced for the separation of other active constituents from herbal materials and manufacture of Radix Astragali products.
Determination of ergot alkaloids from grains with UPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Kokkonen Meri , Jestoi Marika 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA simple and rapid method for determining six ergot alkaloids and four of their respective epimers was developed for rye and wheat. The analytes were extracted from the sample matrix with ACN/ammonium carbonate solution. The extract was purified with a commercial push‐through SPE column (Mycosep® 150 Ergot). After concentration and filtration steps, the final separation of the analytes was achieved with ultra‐performance LC‐MS/MS. The chromatographic separation of the ergot alkaloids was achieved in 4.5 min. The method performance proved satisfactory in the preliminary validation. The calculated LOQs were low ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 μg/kg for wheat and from 0.01 to 10.0 μg/kg for rye. At the concentration levels of 10, 50 and 200 μg/kg, the recoveries were between 80 and 120% in most cases and the within‐day repeatability (expressed as RSD) ranged between 1.3 and 13.9%. Despite the cleanup of the samples, some matrix effect was observed in the MS, highlighting the necessity of using matrix‐assisted standards. This is the first article to describe the application of the push‐through columns and ultra‐performance LC in the analysis of ergot alkaloids.
Extraction of crocin from saffron (Crocus sativus) using molecularly imprinted polymer solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad , Hosseinzadeh Hossein , Keyhanfar Fariborz , Aghamohammadian Javad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new molecularly imprinted polymer for extraction of crocin from saffron stigmas was prepared using gentiobiose (a glycoside moiety in crocin structure) as a template. Crocin binding to gentiobiose imprinted polymer (Gent‐MIP) was studied in comparison with a blank nonimprinted polymer in aqueous media. Affinity of the Gent‐MIP for the crocin was more than the nonimprinted polymer at all concentrations. In Scatchard analysis, the number of binding sites in each gram of polymer (maximum binding sites) and dissociation constant of crocin to binding sites were 18.4 μmol/g polymer and 11.2 μM, respectively. The Gent‐MIP was then used as the sorbent in an SPE method for isolation and purification of crocin from methanolic extract of saffron stigmas. The recovery of crocin, safranal and picrocrocin was determined in washing and elution steps. The Gent‐MIP had significantly higher affinity for crocin than other compounds and enabled selective extraction of crocin with a high recovery (84%) from a complex mixture. The results demonstrated the possibility of using a part of a big molecule in preparing a molecularly imprinted polymer with a good selectivity for the main structure.
Automated sample treatment with the injection of large sample volumes for the determination of contaminants and metabolites in urine
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gonzalo Encarnación , García‐Gómez Diego , Herrero‐Hernández Eliseo , Carabias‐Martínez Rita 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis work reports the development of a simple and automated method for the quantitative determination of several contaminants (triazine, phenylurea, and phenoxyacid herbicides; carbamate insecticides and industrial chemicals) and their metabolites in human urine with a simplified sample treatment. The method is based on the online coupling of an extraction column with RP LC separation–UV detection; this coupling enabled fast online cleanup of the urine samples, efficiently eliminating matrix components and providing appropriate selectivity for the determination of such compounds. The variables affecting the automated method were optimized: sorbent type, washing solvent and time, and the sample volume injected. The optimized sample treatment reported here allowed the direct injection of large volumes of urine (1500 μL) into the online system as a way to improve the sensitivity of the method; limits of detection in the 1–10 ng/mL range were achieved for an injected volume of 1500 μL of urine, precision being 10% or better at a concentration level of 20 ng/mL. The online configuration proposed has advantages such as automation (all the steps involved in the analysis – injection of the urine, sample cleanup, analyte enrichment, separation and detection – are carried out automatically) with high precision and sensitivity, reducing manual sample manipulation to freezing and sample filtration.
Problems, artifacts and solutions in the INADEQUATE NMR experiment
Authors: Bain Alex D. , Hughes Donald W. , Anand Christopher K. , Nie Zhenghua , Robertson Valerie J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe INADEQUATE experiment can provide unequalled, detailed information about the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule. However, it also has the reputation of requiring unreasonable amounts of sample. Modern spectrometers and probes have mitigated this problem, and it is now possible to get good structural data on a few milligrams of a typical organic small molecule. In this paper, we analyze the experiment step by step in some detail, to show how each part of the sequence can both contribute to maximum overall sensitivity and can lead to artifacts. We illustrate these methods on three molecules: 1‐octanol, the steroid 17α‐ethynylestradiol and the isoquinoline alkaloid β‐hydrastine. In particular, we show that not only is the standard experiment powerful, but also a version tuned to small couplings can contribute vital structural information on long‐range connectivities. If the delay in the spin echo is long, pairs of carbons with small couplings can create significant double‐quantum coherence and show correlations in the spectrum. These are two‐ and three‐bond correlations in a carbon chain or through a heteroatom in the molecule. All these mean that INADEQUATE can play a viable and important role in routine organic structure determination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and electrophysiological features of the 2007 Guillain–Barré syndrome epidemic in Northeast China
Authors: Ye Yuqin , Zhu Dan , Wang Keren , Wu Jiang , Feng Jiachun , Ma Dihui , Xing Yingqi , Jiang Xinmei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) generally presents sporadically. Epidemics of GBS are unusual. We reviewed the medical records of 26 patients hospitalized for GBS during the 2007 GBS epidemic in northeast China. The objective was to determine whether there were clinical and electrophysiological characteristics. All patients had drunk unboiled water, and the illness was preceded by diarrhea in 19 (73%) patients. Only 1 patient had a Campylobacter jejuni infection, whereas 14 (54%) patients exhibited features of acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). The most common electrophysiological findings in early GBS included decreased compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude (62%), abnormal F waves (73%), and abnormal H reflexes (62%). This epidemic of GBS appears to have been associated with consumption of contaminated water. The main subtype was AMAN, which was associated with a longer duration of illness and a worse prognosis. Electrodiagnostic evaluations are helpful for diagnosis in the primary stages of GBS. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Inverse correlation between VEGF and soluble VEGF receptor 2 in POEMS with AIDP responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Terracciano Chiara , Fiore Stefania , Doldo Elena , Manzari Vittorio , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Bernardi Giorgio , Massa Roberto , Albonici Loredana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPOEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M‐band, and skin changes) syndrome is characterized by chronic progressive polyneuropathy and plasma‐cell dyscrasia. A major diagnostic criterion of POEMS is elevation of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is believed to play a pathogenic role in this disease. We report a case of POEMS that presented as relapsing acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, in which complete remission after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment was unexpectedly observed. At clinical nadir, the VEGF level was 30‐fold higher, and the soluble form of VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFR2), which acts as a decoy for VEGF, was 2.7‐fold lower than normal. These changes combined might contribute to the pathogenesis of POEMS, inducing vascular permeability and tissue edema. At 9‐month follow‐up, during clinical remission, VEGF and sVEGFR2 were near normal values. sVEGFR2 reduction is a new finding in POEMS. IVIg treatment may benefit POEMS patients with acute neuropathy by downgrading VEGF release induced by inflammatory cytokines. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Chemotherapy and interferon‐α treatment of Erdheim–chester disease
Authors: Jeon In‐sang , Lee Sang Seon , Lee Min Kyung 
Published: June 2010

AbstractErdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis of an unknown origin. The prognosis of ECD is variable, and it mainly depends on the involved anatomic sites. The treatment modalities have not been standardized. Interferon‐α (IFN) has been reported to be effective in the management of ECD. We report here on an uncommon case with ECD in a 17‐year‐old female who had multiple lesions in the whole body and she was treated with chemotherapy and IFN. She has remained disease‐free for 2 years after the completion of treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:745–747. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of parental mental health on proxy reports of health‐related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Panepinto Julie A. , Hoffmann Raymond G. , Pajewski Nicholas M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to evaluate factors that influence agreement between parent‐proxy and child self‐report of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the mental health of the parent, parental HRQL and child characteristics would affect agreement.ProcedureIn a cross‐sectional study of children with sickle cell disease, HRQL of the child and the parent's HRQL and mental health were assessed. The effect of parent and child characteristics on agreement between parent‐proxy and child self‐report of HRQL were determined.ResultsRates of agreement between parent‐proxy and child self‐report of HRQL ranged between 42% and 49%. Parents with increased symptoms of distress had an increased odds of reporting a worse physical (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.12) and psychosocial HRQL (OR 1.10) compared to the child's self‐report. Severe sickle cell disease was associated with an increased odds of the parent reporting the child's physical HRQL was worse, (OR 4.68) compared to the child's self‐report.ConclusionsGreater symptoms of distress in the parent are associated with worse parent‐proxy report of the child's HRQL. Severe sickle cell disease is associated with greater disagreement between parent‐proxy and child self‐report of HRQL. These findings broaden our understanding of factors that influence proxy‐reporting of a child's HRQL. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:714–721. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of rubber matrix type on the morphology and reinforcement effects in carbon black‐nanoclay hybrid composites—A comparative assessment
Authors: Praveen S. , Chattopadhyay P.K. , Jayendran S. , Chakraborty B.C. , Chattopadhyay S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCarbon black (B)–nanoclay (NC) hybrid composites, based on millable polyurethane and brominated isoprene isobutylene rubber (BIIR), were prepared. The carbon black loading was fixed at 20 phr and organically modified sodium montmorillonite clay loading varied from 5 to 20 phr in each rubber compounds. The nanocomposites were prepared in laboratory by mixing two‐roll mill. The state of dispersion of the layered silicate was studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM results indicated intercalation of PU and BIIR into the silicate interlayers, followed by exfoliation of the silicate layers into the elastomer matrices. However, the level of intercalation and exfoliation varied considerably with the type of elastomer. The reinforcing effects obtained were found to depend strongly on the extent and degree of the dispersion of the carbon black and silicate layers into the rubber matrices. Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated for each composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Replication and comparison of concave and convex microlens arrays of light guide plate for liquid crystal display in injection molding
Authors: Kim Jong Sun , Kim Dong Sung , Kang Jeong Jin , Kim Jong Deok , Hwang Chul Jin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA back light unit (BLU) is a key module of a thin‐film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD), frequently utilized in various mobile displays. In this study, we experimentally characterize transcription and optical properties of concave and convex microlens arrays (MLAs) of light guide plate (LGP) fabricated by injection molding with polycarbonate as a LGP substrate material. Nickel mold inserts were manufactured by electroforming on the MLA, which was fabricated by the thermal reflow of photoresist microstructures patterned by UV‐photolithography. For the case of convex microlens, the height of replicated microlens was less than that of the mold insert while maintaining almost the same microlens diameter of the mold insert as the location of the microlens is far from the gate. In contrast, for the concave microlens, the diameter of replicated microlens was larger than that of mold insert, while showing almost the same microlens height as the mold insert. From the optical examination of replicated convex and concave MLAs, it was found that a higher luminance of the LGP was achieved by the concave MLAs compared to the convex MLAs with the same number density of microlenses (about 30% enhancement in this case) due to the utilization of a larger amount of light provided by the light sources. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1696–1704, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mehr Licht! Femtosekunden‐Quantenoptik mit Festkörper‐Nanostrukturen
Authors: Bratschitsch Rudolf , Leitenstorfer Alfred 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHalbleiter‐Quantenpunkte sind vielversprechende Systeme auf Festkörperbasis für quantenoptische Experimente. Mit Femtosekunden‐Lichtimpulsen zeigen wir, wie man dieses Einzelelektronen‐System auf der molekularen Zeitskala präpariert, manipuliert und ausliest. Zudem stellen wir zwei Konzepte vor, Licht effizient an solche nanoskopischen Objekte zu koppeln. Eine Möglichkeit hierfür sind optische Mikroresonatoren, in denen die Quantenpunkte sitzen. Alternativ untersuchen wir metallische Nanoantennen, die sichtbares Licht in einer Lücke zwischen ihren beiden Antennenteilen konzentrieren können. Solche Konzepte eröffnen neue Wege in eine Einzelphoton‐Femtosekunden‐Physik.