bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonically enhanced delivery and degradation of PAHs in a polymer–liquid partitioning system by a microbial consortium
Authors: Isaza Pedro A. , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe current study examined the effects of ultrasonic irradiation on mass transfer and degradation of PAHs, by an enriched consortium, when delivered from polymeric matrices. Rates of release into methanol under sonicated conditions, relative to unmixed cases, for phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene were increased approximately fivefold, when delivered from Desmopan 9370 A (polyurethane). Similar effects were observed in Hytrel and Kraton® D4150 K polymers as well as recycled Bridgestone tires. Enhancements were also displayed as shifts to higher release equilibria under sonicated conditions, relative to non‐sonicated cases, agreeing with current knowledge in sonochemistry and attributed to cavitation. Ultrasonic effects on microbial activity were also investigated and cell damage was found to be non‐ permanent with consortium re‐growth being observed after sonic deactivation. Finally, the lumped effect of sonication on degradation of phenanthrene delivered from Desmopan was examined under the absence and presence of sonication. Rates of degradation were found to be increased by a factor of four demonstrating the possibility of using ultrasonic irradiation for improved mass transport in solid–liquid systems. Cellular inactivation effects were not evident, and this was attributed to the attenuation of sonic energy arising from the presence of solid polymer materials in the medium. The findings of the study demonstrate that sonication can be used to improve mass transport of poorly soluble compounds in microbial degradations, and alleviate limiting steps of soil remediation processes proposed in previous research. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 91–101 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of packing hydrophilization on bacterial attachment and the relationship with the performance of biotrickling filters
Authors: Prado Óscar J. , Popat Sudeep C. , Chen Gexin , Walker Sharon L. , Lafuente Javier , Gabriel David , Deshusses Marc A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMany bioprocesses depend on the effective formation of a biofilm on a solid support. In the present study, three different surface treatments (sandblasting, pure‐O2 plasma, and He–O2 plasma treatments) were conducted on polypropylene (PP) Pall rings used as a support in biotrickling filters for air pollution control. The intent was to modify the ring surface and/or electrochemical properties in order to possibly improve cell adhesion, wetting properties, and possibly reduce the start‐up time and increase the performance of the biotrickling filters. The surface treatments were found to generally increase the hydrophilicity and the zeta potential of the surfaces. However, the startup and performance of lab‐scale biotrickling filters packed with treated Pall rings were not significantly different than the control with untreated rings. Cell and colloid deposition experiments conducted in flow cells showed that the treated surfaces and the hydrodynamic conditions were not favorable for cell deposition indicating that there could be significant opportunities for improving packings used in environmental bioprocess applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1060–1067. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Report on the implementation and evaluation of an interprofessional learning programme for inter‐agency child protection teams
Authors: Watkin Alison , Lindqvist Susanne , Black Jane , Watts Fiona 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEffective collaborative working between the different professions and agencies working to safeguard children is essential. Lack of knowledge of others' roles, perceived differences in status and expertise, and negative stereotypes are examples of why this can be difficult to achieve. A facilitated interprofessional learning (IPL) programme was implemented to assess if such an intervention could overcome some of the barriers to effective interprofessional and inter‐agency team working. Six teams based in primary and secondary care trusts took part with participants from health, education, police and social services. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from individual participants using a pre‐validated team climate inventory and reflective statements. Findings from this study demonstrate statistically significant changes in five out of six categories in the inventory. Reflective statements suggested that overall the programme offered a positive learning experience at both an individual and team level. The importance of outside facilitation to maintain the team's momentum was acknowledged, as was the difficulty of maintaining a good level of activity once the programme had ended. Nevertheless, the IPL programme provided a timely opportunity to reflect upon the interprofessional and inter‐agency team working needed within Children's Trusts and the implications for staff involved with regard to skills development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased glycated calmodulin in the submandibular salivary glands of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Nicolau José , de Souza Douglas Nesadal , Carrilho Marcela 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNon‐enzymatic glycosylation, a post translational protein modification may be implicated in the diabetes complications. Calmodulin is an important calcium binding protein that complexed with Ca2+ may be implicated in salivary gland secretory process. Glycated calmodulin has shown to be less effective in binding calcium. The aim of this study was to determine whether the concentration of glycated‐calmodulin may be elevated in the submandibular salivary glands of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of spreptozotocin, and hyperglycemia was confirmed 72 h after injection using a glucosimeter. Thirty days after the induction of diabetes, submandibular salivary glands were used for the analysis of glycated and non‐glycated calmodulin, using a glycogel B columns for separation. Glycated and non‐glycated calmodulin were assayed by an enzymatic method and by ELISA. The overall concentration of CaM (non‐glycated + glycated) in induced diabetic rats was significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.05). The concentration of non‐glycated CaM in controls was significantly higher than in experimental group (p < 0.05), while the concentration of glycated calmodulin between these groups was statistically similar (p > 0.05). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Extraction and Transport of the [PtCl6]2−Anion through Outer‐Sphere Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Warr Rebecca J. , Westra Arjan N. , Bell Katherine J. , Chartres Jy , Ellis Ross , Tong Christine , Simmance Timothy G. , Gadzhieva Anastasia , Blake Alexander J. , Tasker Peter A. , Schröder Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPlatinum recovery: Tripodal receptors incorporating urea, amido or sulfonamido hydrogen‐bond donors show high loading and selectivity for extraction of [PtCl6]2−over chloride (present in 60‐fold excess) from a low pH aqueous phase to organic media (see figure). The formation of neutral 2:1 [LH]+/[PtCl6]2−packages in organic solvents is supported by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determinations.magnified imageA series of tripodal receptors designed to recognise the outer coordination sphere of the hexachlorometallate anion [PtCl6]2−, and thus show selectivity for ion‐pair formation over chloride binding, has been synthesised and characterised. The tripodal ligands contain urea, amido or sulfonamido hydrogen‐bond donors, which are aligned to bind to the regions of greatest electron density along the faces and edges of the octahedral anion. The ligand structure incorporates a protonatable bridgehead nitrogen centre that provides a positive charge to ensure the solubility of a neutral 2:1 [LH]+/[PtCl6]2−complex in water‐immiscible solvents. The extraction of [PtCl6]2−from acidic chloride solutions was evaluated by using a pH‐swing mechanism to control the loading and stripping of the metallate anion. The ligands L1–L3, L5–L9, L11–L13and L15showed extremely high loading (up to 95 % in some cases) and high selectivity for [PtCl6]2−over chloride ions (present in a 60‐fold excess) compared with trioctylamine, a model Alamine reagent, which, under identical conditions, only extracted 10 % of the PtIVanions. Generally, extraction was observed to be greater for urea‐containing ligands than their amido analogues, and a quantitative recovery of platinum from feed solutions was achieved. The formation of neutral ([LH]+)2[PtCl6]2−packages in organic media is supported by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determinations of [(L2H)2PtCl6]⋅2 CH3CN, [(L8H)2PtCl6(MeOH)2], [(L12H)2PtCl6]⋅2 CH3CN and [(L14H)2PtCl6], which confirm the presence of significant hydrogen bonding between the anion and urea or amido moieties of the protonated ligand and the anion. The structure of [(L1H)(H3O)PtCl6]⋅C6H6⋅CH3CN shows hydrogen bonding of a H3O+cation to the receptor and confirms that other stoichiometries are also possible, indicating that speciation in solution may be more complex.
Methyleneimidazoline Complexes of Iridium, Rhodium, and Palladium from Selective C(sp3)H Bond Activation
Authors: Song Guoyong , Li Xingwei , Song Zhongcheng , Zhao Jing , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhosphine‐assisted CH activation of the methyl group of 2‐methylimidazolium compounds led to a series of iridium, rhodium, and palladium complexes of 2‐methyleneimidazolines. Experimental results confirmed that the product of methyl CH activation is the kinetic product, whereas the aryl CH activation product is the thermodynamic product (see scheme).magnified imagePalladium, iridium, and rhodium complexes of 2‐methyleneimidazolines have been synthesized by selective phosphine‐assisted activation of the 2‐methyl CH bonds in 2‐methylimidazolium compounds. Metallacycles of various sizes were obtained in the reaction of phosphine‐tethered 2‐methylimidazolium compounds and [{M(cod)X}2] (M=Rh or Ir; cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene; X=alkoxyl or Cl). Representative complexes were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The selectivity for aliphatic C(sp3)H versus aromatic C(sp2)H activation could be adjusted by means of the steric bulk of the OR ligand, whereby a bulky OR group favors activation of the 2‐methyl C(sp3)H bond. Experimental results confirmed that a methyl CH activation product (a seven‐membered iridacycle) is the kinetic product, while the aryl CH activation product (a six‐membered iridacycle) is the thermodynamic product.
A New Generation of Anticancer Drugs: Mesoporous Materials Modified with Titanocene Complexes
Authors: Pérez‐Quintanilla Damian , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Žižak Željko , Sierra Isabel , Prashar Sanjiv , del Hierro Isabel , Fajardo Mariano , Juranić Zorica D. , Kaluđerović Goran N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe next generation: The grafting of titanocene complexes on the surfaces of MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 led to a new generation of anticancer drugs, which are very active against human cancer cells.magnified imageDehydroxylated MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 surfaces were modified by the grafting of two different titanocene complexes ([Ti(η5‐C5H4Me)2Cl2] and [Ti{Me2Si(η5‐C5Me4)(η5‐C5H4)}Cl2]) to give new materials, which have been characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, nitrogen gas sorption, MAS‐NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, SEM, and TEM. The toxicity of the resulting materials toward human adenocarcinoma HeLa, human myelogenous leukemia K562, human malignant melanoma Fem‐x, and normal immunocompetent cells, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMC has been studied. Estimation of the number of particles per gram of material led to the calculation of Q50 values for these samples, which is the number of particles required to inhibit normal cell growth by 50 %. In addition, M50 values (quantity of material needed to inhibit normal cell growth by 50 %) of the studied surfaces is also reported. Nonfunctionalized MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 did not show notable antiproliferative activity, whereas functionalization of these materials with different titanocene based anticancer drugs led to very promising antitumoral activity. The best Q50 values correspond to titanocene functionalized MCM‐41 surfaces (MCM‐41/[Ti(η5‐C5H4Me)2Cl2] (1) and MCM‐41/[Ti{Me2Si(η5‐C5Me4)(η5‐C5H4)}Cl2] (2)) with Q50 values between 3.8±0.6×108 and 24.5±3.0×108 particles. Titanocene functionalized SBA‐15 surfaces (SBA‐15/[Ti(η5‐C5H4Me)2Cl2] (3) and SBA‐15/[Ti{Me2Si(η5‐C5Me4)(η5‐C5H4)}Cl2] (4)) gave higher Q50 values, showing lower activity from 73.2±9.9×108 to 362±7×108 particles. The best response of the studied materials in terms of M50 values was observed against Fem‐x (309±42 μg for 4) and K562 (338±18 μg for 2), whereas moderate activities were observed in HeLa cells (from 508±63 μg of 2 to 912±10 μg of 1). In addition, the analyzed surfaces presented only marginal activity against unstimulated and stimulated PBMC, showing a slight selectivity on human cancer cells. Comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity in solution of the titanocene complexes [Ti(η5‐C5H4Me)2Cl2] and [Ti{Me2Si(η5‐C5Me4)(η5‐C5H4)}Cl2] and the corresponding titanocene functionalized materials is also described.
Detecting corpus callosum abnormalities in autism subtype using planar conformal mapping
Authors: Duan Ye , He Qing , Yin Xiaotian , Gu Xianfeng , Karsch Kevin , Miles Judith 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA number of studies have documented that autism has a neurobiological basis, but the anatomical extent of these neurobiological abnormalities is largely unknown. In this paper, we apply advanced computational techniques to extract 3D models of the corpus callosum (CC) and subsequently analyze local shape variations in a homogeneous group of autistic children. Besides the traditional volumetric analysis, we explore additional phenotypic traits based on the oriented bounding rectangle of the CC. In shape analysis, a new conformal parameterization is applied in our shape analysis work, which maps the surface onto a planar domain. Surface matching among different individual meshes is achieved by aligning the planar domains of individual meshes. Shape differences of the CC between autistic patients and the controls are computed using HotellingT2two‐sample metric followed by a permutation test. The raw and correctedp‐values are shown in the results. Additional visualization of the group difference is provided via mean difference map. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel method for the generation of reaggregated organotypic cultures that permits juxtaposition of defined cell populations
Authors: Sheridan Julie M. , Taoudi Samir , Medvinsky Alexander , Blackburn C. Clare 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCellular reaggregation methods have been used to generate in vitro organotypic cultures as a means to elucidate the cellular and molecular requirements of organogenesis. However, reproducibility from experiment to experiment has remained problematic and furthermore, current protocols do not support reaggregation of many important tissues. Here, using the thymus as a model organ, we present a novel reaggregation method termed “compaction reaggregation” that offers improved kinetics of reaggregation and greatly improved efficiency. Using compaction reaggregation we have been able to reaggregate the aorta‐gonad‐ mesonephros region, a tissue that previously proved refractory to commonly used reaggregation methods, enabling the study of hematopoietic stem cell emergence and expansion. Additionally, compaction reaggregation permits the juxtaposition of different cell layers within the aggregated structure thus providing the means to study inductive interactions between different cell populations in vitro. genesis 47:346–351, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction and characterization of a doxycycline‐inducible transgenic system in Msx2 expressing cells
Authors: Lin Congxing , Yin Yan , Chen Hong , Fisher Alexander V. , Chen Feng , Rauchman Michael , Ma Liang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHomeobox gene Msx2 is widely expressed during both embryogenesis and postnatal development and plays important roles during organogenesis. We developed an Msx2‐rtTA BAC transgenic line which can activate TetO‐Cre expression in Msx2‐expressing cells upon doxycycline (Dox) treatment. Using the Rosa26‐LacZ (R26R) reporter line, we show that rtTA is activated in Msx2‐expressing organs including the limb, heart, external genitalia, urogenital system, hair follicles and craniofacial regions. Moreover, we show that in body appendages, the transgene can be activated in different domains depending on the timing of Dox treatment. In addition, the transgene can also be effectively activated in adult tissues such as the hair follicle and the urogenital system. Taken together, this Msx2‐rtTA;TetO‐Cre system is a valuable tool for studying gene function in the development of the aforementioned organs in a temporal and spatially‐restricted manner, as well as for tissue lineage tracing of Msx2‐expressing cells. When induced postnatally, this system can also be used to study gene function in adult tissues without compromising normal development and patterning. genesis 47:352–359, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Chloro‐Bridged Linear Chain Imine‐Copper(II) Complex and Its Application as an Enzyme‐Free Amperometric Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Alves Wendel A. , Matos Iorquirene O. , Takahashi Pedro M. , Bastos Erick L. , Martinho Herculano , Ferreira Janaina G. , Silva Claudia C. , de Almeida Santos Regina H. , Paduan‐Filho Armando , Da Costa Ferreira Ana M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis, structural characterisation and magnetic properties of a new chloro‐bridged linear chain imine‐copper(II) compound are reported. The results indicate that uniform chains are formed by stacking of parallel pyramidal units formed from the copper centre coordinated to the imine ligands and bridged by chloride ions, with the uncoordinated perchlorate ions located between the layers to balance the charge. Magnetic measurements carried out on a powder sample at temperatures from 1.8 to 290 K and a field of 500 Oe, indicated an intramolecular magnetic coupling between the copper centres [J/k = (–12.3 ± 0.2) K]. Moreover, an antiferromagnetic interaction can also be observed between the polynuclear arrays [J′ z/k = –(10.4 ± 1.7) K]. An analysis of the sample at high temperature indicated that the overall interaction would be antiferromagnetic (ΘCW = –14 K). Furthermore, this new inorganic‐organic zigzag polymer was linked covalently to the poly(N‐vinylimidazole) polymer, PVI, on a vitreous carbon electrode surface and used as a biomimetic material for the efficient analytical determination of hydrogen peroxide. Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques were used to give a complete characterisation of the hybrid film obtained. The proposed enzyme‐free biosensor for catalase‐like activity exhibited good sensitivity (268 mA mol–1 L cm–2) at –0.4 V relative to the. SCE in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) and a wide linear range from 1 to 30 mmol L–1 for hydrogen peroxide detection.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Efficient Syntheses of New Polyhydroxylated 2,3‐Diaryl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐ones
Authors: Santos Clementina M. M. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA large number of hydroxylated 2,3‐diaryl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐ones have been synthesised by two different approaches, starting either from 3‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one or from (E)‐3‐bromo‐2‐styryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones. The former method involves Heck reactions between 3‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one and styrenes, leading to (E)‐2‐methyl‐3‐styryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones; these condensed with benzaldehyde to give (E,E)‐2,3‐distyryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones, which led to the desired 2,3‐diaryl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐ones under reflux in 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene. 3‐Bromo‐2‐styryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones were obtained either by aldol condensations between 3‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one and benzaldehydes, or through Baker–Venkataraman rearrangements of 2‐acetylphenyl cinnamates, followed by one‐pot bromination/cyclisation with phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide. The 2,3‐diaryl‐9H‐xanthene‐9‐ones were obtained in one‐pot transformations involving Heck reactions between (E)‐3‐bromo‐2‐styryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones and styrenes, followed by electrocyclisation and oxidation processes. The 2,3‐diaryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐9H‐xanthene‐9‐one intermediates were also isolated under these conditions, and so when 5‐methoxy‐2‐styryl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐ones were used as starting materials the 1‐hydroxy‐6,7‐diaryl‐9H‐xanthene‐9‐ones were also observed. The second method is a general one, because it allowed the synthesis of a great number of 2,3‐diaryl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐ones with several substitution patterns, whereas the first one is limited to certain derivatives. The last step in the synthesis of hydroxylated 2,3‐diaryl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐ones was the cleavage of the hydroxy protecting groups with boron tribromide. The structures and stereochemistry of all new compounds were established by NMR studies.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Single‐Step Synthesis of 4‐Oxazolin‐2‐ones and Their Use in the Construction of Polycyclic Structures Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Santoyo Blanca M. , González‐Romero Carlos , Merino Omar , Martínez‐Palou Rafael , Fuentes‐Benites Aydeé , Jiménez‐Vázquez Hugo A. , Delgado Francisco , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of 4‐oxazolin‐2‐ones by a one‐pot MW‐promoted condensation of α‐ketols and isocyanates is reported. An alternative thermal approach using the same starting materials is also described. These cyclic enamides were efficient nucleophiles, reacting with Michael acceptors and prenyl bromide to give a variety of polycyclic structures bearing one or two quaternary stereocenters. The selectivity of the products depended on the reaction conditions and on the electrophile used.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Efficient Synthesis of Vitamin E Amines (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13/2009)
Authors: Mazzini Francesco , Netscher Thomas , Salvadori Piero 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the easy and efficient Pd‐catalyzed transformation of the pool of vitamin E (VE) compounds (tocopherols and tocotrienols coming from natural sources) into the corresponding VE amines in enantiopure form. The latter are promising therapeutic agents and building blocks of VE analogues that showed high antitumoral activity. Details are discussed in the article by F. Mazzini, T. Netscher, P. Salvadori et al. on p. 2063 ff.
Adult attachment and feedback‐seeking patterns in relationships and work
Authors: Hepper Erica G. , Carnelley Katherine B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAdults with different attachment orientations rely on different areas of life to maintain self‐views. This paper reports two studies that examine the link between attachment and feedback‐seeking patterns in interpersonal and competence‐related domains. Participants in Study 1 imagined receiving feedback from a friend. Participants in Study 2 completed dyadic tasks and were promised feedback from interpersonal‐ and competence‐relevant sources. Across both studies, secure individuals consistently chose the most positive feedback. Individuals high in attachment avoidance sought negative feedback over positive, although dismissing‐avoidant individuals sought positive hypothetical feedback about autonomy. Study 2 further suggested that highly avoidant individuals were more open to negative feedback than positive feedback and than were secure individuals. Moreover, individuals high in attachment anxiety failed to seek positive interpersonal feedback but pursued interpersonal over competence feedback. Results highlight the role of feedback‐seeking in maintenance of positive or negative self‐views for adults with different attachment orientations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.