bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REEP3 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Guo-Hua , Tan Xiao-Yu , Xu Zhen-Yue , Li Jia-Xing , Zhong Guo-Hui , Zhai Jing-Wei , Li Ming-Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReceptor Expression-Enhancing Protein 3 (REEP3) serves as a pivotal enzyme crucial for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) clearance during mitosis and is implicated in the advancement of diverse malignancies. Nonetheless, the biological role and mechanisms of REEP3 in pancreatic cancer patients, along with its interplay with immune infiltration, remain inadequately elucidated. In this study, we initially analyzed the differential expression of REEP3 between pancreatic cancer tissues and normal pancreas tissues using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Subsequently, we utilized Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression and ROC curve to determine the predictive value of REEP3 for the clinical outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), were conducted to explore the potential signaling pathways and biological functions associated with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the PPI network, miRNA, RBP and transcription factor interactions of REEP3 using databases such as GeneMania, STRING, StarBase, KnockTK, ENCODE, Jaspar and hTFtarget. Lastly, the “ssGSEA” algorithm and TIMER database were employed to investigate the correlation between REEP3 expression and immune infiltration as well as immune checkpoints. The expression of REEP3 in pancreatic cancer showed a significantly higher level compared to that in normal tissues. ROC curve analysis indicated that REEP3 holds substantial diagnostic potential for pancreatic cancer patients. Elevated REEP3 expression correlated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of both overall survival and relapse-free survival, establishing it as a notable adverse prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that REEP3 maintained an independent association with overall survival. Functional enrichment analyses revealed pathways significantly linked to REEP3, including cytoplasmic translation, wound healing, viral processes, regulation of cellular component size and actin filament organization. Additionally, REEP3 expression displayed a significant positive correlation with CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. REEP3 is a potential diagnostic, prognostic marker and immunotherapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
An innovative method of the vertical coupling effect improvement to the tandem Cu(In, Ga)Se2/perovskite solar cells using Ag cluster nanostructures
Authors: Zarerasouli Parisa , Aghaei Fatemeh , Bahador Hamid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe efficiency of double-junction CIGS/Perovskite-based solar cells has significantly improved through recent research. This study presents a new plasmonic structure for these optical devices, utilizing cluster nanostructures to increase photon absorption between 650 and 1137 nm wavelength ranges. The proposed nanostructure includes two vertically coupled silver nanoparticles embedded at the center of the bottom active layer (CIGS) that absorb most of the incoming light to CIGS within the active layer. The electric field produced by the coupling of the nanoparticles has a superior performance. To analyze the effect of nanoparticle coupling on CIGS/Perovskite solar cell performance, evaluated the short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency for single and cluster nanostructures with a single nanoparticle in the middle of CIGS. The structures with a single nanoparticle displayed Jsc = 16.89 mA cm−2 and PCE = 31.76%, while the cluster nanostructure represents Jsc = 19 mA cm−2 and PCE = 35.81%. Not only did the use of the cluster nanostructure significantly improve absorption and performance compared to the bare case, but it also exhibited a suitable improvement compared to the single nanoparticle.
Mixed methods study on latent tuberculosis among agate stone workers and advocacy for testing silica dust exposed individuals in India
Authors: Rupani Mihir P. , Balachandar Rakesh , Kharkwal Gitika , Kulkarni Nikhil P. , Modi Bhavesh V. , Asodia Rutu N. , Vaghela Krishna K. , Nimavat Deizy R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 2021 tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment guidelines in India included silicosis as a screening group, yet latent TB infection (LTBI) testing for silica-dust-exposed individuals is underemphasized. Focusing on an estimated 52 million silica-dust-exposed workers, particularly agate-stone workers in Khambhat, Gujarat, our study aims to estimate LTBI prevalence, identify predictors, and gather insights from TB and silicosis experts. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, a cross-sectional study involved 463 agate-stone workers aged ≥ 20 years in Khambhat, using IGRA kits for LTBI testing. In-depth interviews with experts complemented quantitative findings. Among agate-stone workers, 58% tested positive for LTBI, with predictors including longer exposure, type of work, and BCG vaccination. Our findings reveal a nearly double burden of LTBI compared to the general population, particularly in occupations with higher silica dust exposure. Experts advocate for including silica-dust-exposed individuals in high-risk groups for LTBI testing, exploring cost-effective alternatives like improved skin sensitivity tests, and shorter TB preventive treatment regimens to enhance compliance. Future research should explore upfront TB preventive treatment for silica-dust-exposed individuals with high LTBI prevalence and optimal exposure duration. This study underscores the urgent need for policy changes and innovative approaches to TB prevention among silica-dust-exposed populations, impacting global occupational health strategies.
Destabilization damage characteristics and infrared radiation response of coal-rock complexes
Authors: Li Bo , Shi Zhen , Jiang Mengsheng , Zhang Junxiang , Li Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo investigate the characteristics of destabilization damage in coal-rock complexes. Mechanical property tests were conducted on coal, rock, and their complexes. An infrared thermal camera was employed to real-time monitor the infrared (IR) radiation response signals during the destabilization damage process. A numerical model of coal-rock destabilization damage was developed, and its validity was verified. Deformed stress fields and displacement contours were obtained during the destabilization damage process. Upon destabilization, numerous cracks form at the base of the “coal” section, extending towards the interface, resulting in the formation of a wave-like deformation region. The differentiation in infrared thermal images is more pronounced in the “coal” section compared to the “rock” section. A high-stress region is evident at the interface, resulting in an area of high stress differentials. However, the bottom of the “coal” section also exhibits a region with high stress differentials and a more pronounced tendency towards destabilization damage. Displacement contours revealed that numerous units at the bottom of the “coal” section had slipped and misaligned, leading to the accumulation of damage and an elevation in the local damage level. It is a crucial factor contributing to the notable phenomenon of IR thermal image differentiation.
An unusually prolonged Pacific-North American pattern promoted the 2021 winter Quad-State Tornado Outbreaks
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Lee Sang-Ki , Lopez Hosmay , Jeong Jong-Hoon , Hong Jin-Sil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the large-scale atmosphere-ocean environments that led to the winter tornado outbreak across the Ohio Valley on 10–11 December 2021, also known as the Quad-States Tornado Outbreaks. Here, we show that the Quad-States Tornado Outbreaks occurred under an exceptionally strong and prolonged negative Pacific-North American pattern (PNA), which developed around December 1 and persisted for a month. This unusual PNA produced a strong atmospheric ridge along the south and eastern US seaboard, which in turn helped warm the Gulf of Mexico and produced large-scale environments conducive for tornadogenesis across the Ohio Valley. Further analysis shows that a broad region across the Ohio Valley is particularly vulnerable to extensive winter tornado outbreaks during long-lived negative PNA, whereas a limited region in the central US is exposed to winter tornado activity during short-lived negative PNA. Finally, although the PNA is a mode of internal variability that occurs with or without El Niño—Southern Oscillation, the occurrence of prolonged negative PNA is more frequent during La Niña than during El Niño.
Deriving PM2.5 from satellite observations with spatiotemporally weighted tree-based algorithms: enhancing modeling accuracy and interpretability
Authors: Li Tongwen , Wang Yuan , Wu Jingan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTree-based machine learning algorithms, such as random forest, have emerged as effective tools for estimating fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from satellite observations. However, they typically have unchanged model structures and configurations over time and space, and thus may not fully capture the spatiotemporal variations in the relationship between PM2.5 and predictors, resulting in limited accuracy. Here, we propose geographically and temporally weighted tree-based models (GTW-Tree) for remote sensing of surface PM2.5. Unlike traditional tree-based models, GTW-Tree models vary by time and space to simulate the variability in PM2.5 estimation, and they can output variable importance for every location for the deeper understanding of PM2.5 determinants. Experiments in China demonstrate that GTW-Tree models significantly outperform the conventional tree-based models with predictive error reduced by >21%. The GTW-Tree-derived time-location-specific variable importance reveals spatiotemporally varying impacts of predictors on PM2.5. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) contributes largely to PM2.5 estimation, particularly in central China. The proposed models are valuable for spatiotemporal modeling and interpretation of PM2.5 and other various fields of environmental remote sensing.
Microsecond-response perovskite light-emitting diodes for active-matrix displays
Authors: Gao Yun , Li Hongjin , Dai Xingliang , Ying Xingjian , Liu Zhe , Qin JiaJun , Guo Jie , Han Zhongkang , Zhang Yujing , Zhu Meiyi , Wu Xiaohui , Cai Qiuting , Yang Yixing , Feng Linrun , Zhang Xiaoyu , Huang Jingyun , He Haiping , Gao Feng , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) could be of use in the development of active-matrix displays. However, due to ion migration in crystal structure, PeLEDs have electroluminescence rise times over milliseconds, which is problematic for the development of high-refresh-rate displays. Here, we show that the electroluminescence rise time of PeLEDs can be reduced to microseconds using an individual-particle passivation strategy. The approach is based on BF4− ions that can passivate every nanocrystal in a perovskite emissive layer during film deposition. It leads to a defect-free film with discrete nanostructure and excellent crystallinity, which inhibits ion migration. Our strategy can be applied in perovskite nanocrystal films with different colours: red (635 nm), green (520 nm) and blue (475 nm). These PeLEDs all demonstrate response times within microseconds and high external quantum efficiencies of 22.7%, 26.2% and 18.1%, respectively. This allows us to create microsecond-response active-matrix PeLEDs that exhibit external quantum efficiencies above 20% at a display brightness of 500–3,000 cd m−2 for green devices with a resolution of 30 pixels per inch. We also develop microsecond-response red, green and blue active-matrix displays with 90 pixels per inch.
Haplotype-resolved assembly of a pig genome using single-sperm sequencing
Authors: Niu Yongchao , Fan Xinhao , Yang Yalan , Li Jiang , Lian Jinmin , Wang Liu , Zhang Yongjin , Tang Yijie , Tang Zhonglin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSingle gamete cell sequencing together with long-read sequencing can reliably produce chromosome-level phased genomes. In this study, we employed PacBio HiFi and Hi-C sequencing on a male Landrace pig, coupled with single-sperm sequencing of its 102 sperm cells. A haplotype assembly method was developed based on long-read sequencing and sperm-phased markers. The chromosome-level phased assembly showed higher phasing accuracy than methods that rely only on HiFi reads. The use of single-sperm sequencing data enabled the construction of a genetic map, successfully mapping the sperm motility trait to a specific region on chromosome 1 (105.40–110.70 Mb). Furthermore, with the assistance of Y chromosome-bearing sperm data, 26.16 Mb Y chromosome sequences were assembled. We report a reliable approach for assembling chromosome-level phased genomes and reveal the potential of sperm population in basic biology research and sperm phenotype research.
Digital spatial profiling of the microenvironment of muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Eyers Michael , Irlam Joely , Marshall Gayle , Smith Vicky , Baker Alexander , Frost Lucy , Hoskin Peter , Choudhury Ananya , West Catharine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMuscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a molecularly diverse disease with varied clinical outcomes. Molecular studies typically employ bulk sequencing analysis, giving a transcriptomic snapshot of a section of the tumour. However, tumour tissues are not homogeneous, but are composed of distinct compartments such as the tumour and stroma. To investigate the molecular profiles of bladder cancer, whilst also maintaining the spatial complexity of the tumours, we employed whole transcriptome Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP). With this method we generated a dataset of transcriptomic profiles of tumour epithelium, stroma, and immune infiltrate. With these data we investigate the spatial relationship of molecular subtype signatures and ligand signalling events. We find that Basal/Squamous and Classical subtypes are mostly restricted to tumour regions, while the stroma-rich subtype signatures are abundant within the stroma itself. Additionally, we identify ligand signalling events occurring between tumour, stroma, and immune infiltrate regions, such as immune infiltrate derived GPNMB, which was highly correlated with VEGFA expression within the tumour. These findings give us new insights into the diversity of MIBC at a molecular level and provide a dataset with detailed spatial information that was not available before in bladder cancer research.
Controlled enzymatic synthesis of oligonucleotides
Authors: Pichon Maëva , Hollenstein Marcel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOligonucleotides are advancing as essential materials for the development of new therapeutics, artificial genes, or in storage of information applications. Hitherto, our capacity to write (i.e., synthesize) oligonucleotides is not as efficient as that to read (i.e., sequencing) DNA/RNA. Alternative, biocatalytic methods for the de novo synthesis of natural or modified oligonucleotides are in dire need to circumvent the limitations of traditional synthetic approaches. This Perspective article summarizes recent progress made in controlled enzymatic synthesis, where temporary blocked nucleotides are incorporated into immobilized primers by polymerases. While robust protocols have been established for DNA, RNA or XNA synthesis is more challenging. Nevertheless, using a suitable combination of protected nucleotides and polymerase has shown promises to produce RNA oligonucleotides even though the production of long DNA/RNA/XNA sequences (>1000 nt) remains challenging. We surmise that merging ligase- and polymerase-based synthesis would help to circumvent the current shortcomings of controlled enzymatic synthesis.
Exciton migration in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Malakhov Mikhail , Cistaro Giovanni , Martín Fernando , Picón Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcitons play an essential role in the optical response of two-dimensional materials. These are bound states showing up in the band gaps of many-body systems and are conceived as quasiparticles formed by an electron and a hole. By performing real-time simulations in hBN, we show that an ultrashort (few-fs) UV pulse can produce a coherent superposition of excitonic states that induces an oscillatory motion of electrons and holes between different valleys in reciprocal space, leading to a sizeable exciton migration in real space. We also show that an ultrafast spectroscopy scheme based on the absorption of an attosecond pulse in combination with the UV pulse can be used to read out the laser-induced coherences, hence to extract the characteristic time for exciton migration. This work opens the door towards ultrafast electronics and valleytronics adding time as a control knob and exploiting electron coherence at the early times of excitation.
Merging mechanical bound states in the continuum in high-aspect-ratio phononic crystal gratings
Authors: Tong Hao , Liu Shengyan , Fang Kejie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanical bound states in the continuum (BICs) present an alternative avenue for developing high-frequency, high-Q mechanical resonators, distinct from the conventional band structure engineering method. While symmetry-protected mechanical BICs have been realized in phononic crystals, the observation of accidental mechanical BICs—whose existence is independent of mode symmetry and tunable by structural parameters—has remained elusive. This challenge is primarily attributed to the additional radiation channel introduced by the longitudinal component of elastic waves. Here, we employ a coupled wave theory to predict and experimentally demonstrate mechanical accidental BICs within a high-aspect-ratio gallium arsenide phononic crystal grating. We observe the merging process of accidental BICs with symmetry-protected BICs, resulting in reduced acoustic radiation losses compared to isolated BICs. This finding opens up new possibilities for phonon trapping using BIC-based systems, with potential applications in sensing, transduction, and quantum measurements.
Glacial troughs as centres of organic carbon accumulation on the Norwegian continental margin
Authors: Diesing Markus , Paradis Sarah , Jensen Henning , Thorsnes Terje , Bjarnadóttir Lilja Rún , Knies Jochen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe role of continental margin sediments in the carbon cycle and the associated management potential for climate mitigation are currently poorly understood. Previous work has indicated that margin sediments store significant amounts of organic carbon, but few studies have quantified the rates at which organic carbon is accumulated. Here, we use machine learning to make spatial predictions of the organic carbon stocks and accumulation rates of sediments on the Norwegian continental margin. We show that surface sediments (upper 10 cm) store 814 Tg and accumulate 6 Tg yr−1 of organic carbon. Shelf-incised glacial troughs account for 39% of the stocks and 48% of the accumulation, with the main accumulation hotspot located in the Skagerrak. Continental margin sediments accumulate organic carbon at scales much larger than vegetated coastal ecosystems in Norway because of their larger extent. Future studies should explore to what extent management interventions could increase accumulation rates, e.g., by minimising anthropogenic disturbance of seafloor sediments.
Integrating Speech-Language Pathologists Into Primary Care to Improve Early Identification of Developmental Concerns: A Brief Report
Authors: Lopez Leslie C. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Many young children in need of early intervention are not identified in a timely manner. This preliminary study explored the emerging role of speech-language pathologists (SLPs), providing training to improve the use of developmental screening in pediatric primary care.

Method:
A quantitative, descriptive methodology with a one-group pretest, posttest interventional design was utilized to assess the impact of an SLP-led educational intervention on the knowledge of 17 paraprofessional medical support personnel to administer a standardized developmental screening tool.

Results:
Data analysis revealed a significant increase on knowledge posttest scores from pretest scores.

Conclusion:
SLPs providing educational training in pediatric primary care is an important first step in identifying solutions to improving the early identification of children with developmental concerns.
Joint safety and security risk analysis in industrial cyber‐physical systems: A survey
Authors: Sun Zhicong , Chen Guang , Ding Yulong , Yang Shuang‐Hua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndustrial Cyber‐Physical Systems (iCPSs) represent a new generation of industrial systems that enable a profound integration of industrial processes and informational spaces, thereby empowering the fourth industrial revolution. iCPSs confront more severe safety and security (S&S) challenges compared to traditional industrial systems. One of the most critical challenges is the joint risk analysis of S&S. Many scholars have devoted their research to this area. However, there is a dearth of literature reviews encapsulating recent advancements, which provides the motivation for this study. The authors review the methodologies in this field, delve into the S&S relationships involved, and propose 12 criteria for evaluating these methods. Furthermore, the current research limitations were analysed and potential directions were suggested for future research.
Resilience quantification model for cyber‐physical power systems
Authors: AlMuhaini Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs power grids develop, their structure becomes more complex, multi‐dimensional, and digitalised—hence, it is referred to as cyber‐physical infrastructure. The sensitivity of grids to extreme cyber and physical events is becoming a hot research topic due to the increasing rate of such events and their catastrophic consequences. To produce accurate and comprehensive measures, modelling and assessing the resilience of power systems must include both the physical and cyber domains. However, resilience quantification models that include both domains have not received sufficient attention. A novel resilience model and quantification framework are proposed. The model is based on a resilience trapezoid that depicts the different phases of the cyber and physical domains during severe natural or anthropogenic events. A resilience index is also proposed to measure the resilience levels of local nodes and entire systems, including various factors that contribute to the modelled degradation states. Severe weather conditions were modelled to examine the impact of this category of events on the proposed resilience model.