bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernity, Autochthony and the Ivorian Nation: the End of a Century in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Cutolo Armando 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn the mid-1990s, Côte d'Ivoire witnessed the rise of the ideology of ivoirité, a conception of citizenship based on autochthonous origins. Ivoirité was elaborated by a group of Ivorian intellectuals in the context of the political struggle opposing Henry Konan Bedié to Alassane Ouattara in the succession to the late President Houphouët-Boigny. Through the tactical use of the rhetoric of ivoirité, Ouattara was depicted by his adversaries as a ‘Burkinabé’ trying to rule the country. Going beyond this tactical aspect, the article addresses the ideological relations linking ivoirité to the ‘project of an Ivorian liberal society’ explicitly constructed by the same intellectuals. These relations contributed to the emergence, in the Ivorian public space, of a discourse establishing self-evident, hegemonic connections between notions like autochthony, modernity and nationality, on the one hand, and biopolitical concepts like population, immigration, security and resources on the other. The article uses two complementary perspectives to frame this emergent discourse. One focuses on the historical continuity of the political-economic strategies and population policies implemented by colonial governments and post-colonial elites. The other uses Giorgio Agamben's critical enquiry into citizenship and nationality to bring to light the implication of the ivoirité intellectuals in the construction of a national bios, and thus in the singling out of a paradigmatic form of bare life.
Local Perceptions Of Migration From North-West Ghana
Authors: Geest Kees van der 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe Upper West Region in northern Ghana is a major source area of migrants who travel to southern Ghana seasonally or for longer periods. This has important implications for the lives and livelihoods of the migrants themselves and their relatives at home. Almost invariably the impact of out-migration on sending areas has been studied using ‘Western’ academic parameters. Little is known about how the people hemselves value the profound changes that migration causes in their societies. In this article, findings are presented from interviews with 204 rural household heads who were asked to express their opinion about the consequences of seasonal, long-term and return migration. A quantitative approach to qualitative data was adopted to differentiate between collective perceptions and individual opinions. It was found that almost all respondents were positive about the consequences of seasonal labour migration. They applauded its contribution to food security and considered it one of the few ways of gaining access to money and goods. The respondents were much more ambivalent about the consequences of long-term migration and return migration. On the positive side, they emphasized that out-migration reduced the pressure on farmland, and that some migrants attain higher living standards, both for themselves and for their relatives at home. On the negative side, many long-term migrants are not able to improve their livelihoods or lose their interest in the home community. The lack of support of some migrants is greatly lamented, especially if they later return empty-handed and become a burden on their relatives at home. The methodology used in this study yielded a holistic view of the consequences of migration on the source area as seen through the eyes of the home community
Les dynamiques actuelles du marché de la sécurité en France
Authors: Hassid Olivier 
Published: December 2010

Le marché de la sécurité en France est peu analysé par les sciences de la gestion alors même que ce marché peut être considéré à la fois comme important d’un point de vue sociétal et porteur d’un point de vue économique. Les explications pour appréhender le développement de ce marché se limitent à une perspective assurantielle. L’auteur considère que cette approche est trop restrictive et qu’il convient d’expliciter le développement de ce marché sur la base d’autres critères : l’internationalisation des entreprises françaises, le caractère de plus en plus multidimensionnel des prestations proposées ou encore le lobbying des experts privés de la sécurité.
Anglo-Saxon Sociologies of the Punitive Turn
Authors: Carrier Nicolas 
Published: December 2010

Depuis le début des années 2000 semble s’établir un consensus à la fois criminologique et politique au sujet d’une nouvelle donne culturelle en regard de la question pénale. Dans le champ pénal, ce (relatif) consensus est saisi par le biais d’expressions telles que « virage punitif » et « nouvelle punitivité ». En sciences sociales, trois principaux groupes de symptômes sont utilisés pour établir le diagnostic de cette mutation générale de la pénalité : le boom carcéral, la prison post-disciplinaire, et la réémergence d’une pénalité « expressive ». Cette contribution propose de disséquer la façon dont le changement social, particulièrement dans le domaine de la pénalité institutionnalisée, est théorisé par les analystes du virage punitif. Les cinq ‘sociologies du virage punitif’ qui dominent les débats théoriques dans le champ pénal académique anglo-saxon sont ici analysées. Cette analyse révèle notamment leur timidité critique et leur conception réductrice du champ pénal.
A readability assessment of online Parkinson’s disease information
Authors: Fitzsimmons PR , Michael BD , Hulley JL , Scott GO 
Published: December 2010

Background: Patients increasingly use the internet to access health information.Inadequate health literacy is common and frequently limits patient comprehension of healthcare literature. We aimed to assess the readability of online consumerorientated Parkinson’s disease (PD) information using two validated measures. Method: We identified the 100 highest ranked consumer-orientated PD webpages and determined webpage readability using the Flesch-Kincaid and Simple Measure Of Gobbledygook (SMOG) formulae. Results: None of the webpages analysed complied with current readability guidelines. Commercial websites were significantly easier to read (p=0.035). The Flesch-Kincaid formula significantly underestimated reading difficulty (p<0.0001). Ease of reading correlated weakly with search engine ranking (r=0.35, p=0.0004). Conclusions: Only 1% of the top 100 PD information webpages are fully comprehensible to the average adult. Simple Measure Of Gobbledygook should be the preferred measure of webpage readability. Parkinson’s disease information websites require major text revision to comply with readability guidelines and to be comprehensible to the average patient.
Components of the healthy eating index in nutrition of adult females
Authors: Fatrcová-Šramková Katarí­na 
Published: December 2010

To assess and monitor the nutriton and dietary status, the U.S. Department of Agriculture developed the Healthy Eating Index - HEI. The index consists of 10 components, each representing different aspects of a healthful diet. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutrition in adult females and to analyze the actual nutrition according to selected four components (no. 6-9) of the Healthy Eating Index. Components 6 and 7 measure total fat and saturated fat consumption, respectively, as a percentage of total food intake (maximal 30 % and 10 % of total energy daily content respectively; in case of 31,3 % and 58,62 % females respectively). Components 8 and 9 measure total cholesterol (daily maximal 300 mg in case of 69,54 % participants) and sodium intake (maximal 2400 mg a day in case of 22,99 % probands).
Sensitivy to antibiotics in strains of S. aureus isolated from cow´s milk
Authors: Pukáčová Jana , Poľaková Lucia , Dudriková Eva 
Published: December 2010

Strains of S. aureus were isolated from individual milk samples of 500 lacting cows from different areas in Slovakia (PH 1 - Košice region, 300 samples; PH 2 - Žilina region, 200 samples). The statistical significance between both dairy farms included in the experiment in the presence of genus Staphylococcus isolated on Baird-Parker agar from milk samples was p < 0,0001(***) . Totally, 122 milk samples were positive for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus (83 Košice regions, 52 Žilina regions). All 122 isolates of S. aureus were sensitive for the methicilin as detected by interpretative criteria developed by NCCLS (2002). For 122 S. aureus isolates, we compared antibiotic susceptibility results determined by the standardized agar diffusion assay with the PCR assay for the detection of antibiotic resistance mecA gene. For all isolates, we found a correlation between the results of the PCR and those of classical resistance testing. The obtained results were confirmed by PCR analysis, according to which, any of our tested isolate of S. aureus from all 122 individual milk samples from both experimental dairy farms were not positive for the presence of mecA gene coding the methicilin resistance.
Comparison of occurence lactic acid bacteria in chosen yogurts
Authors: Lengyelova Libuša , Kozelová Dagmar , Trstenovičová Ľudmila , Pinterová Silvia 
Published: December 2010

The yogurt is healthy food, which contains at least 100 million cultures per gram. Probiotic bacteria have been proven to reduce the effects of some gastrointestinal problems, probiotics can greatly reduce lactose intolerance, have also been proven to prevent colon cancers, there are also a natural immune system booster. In our research we detected numbers of lactid acid bacteria in yogurts in slovak market. There were classical yogurts, yogurts with probiotics, yogurts with fat and non fat. We numbered lactid acid bacteria from and after expiration, in agars MRS and Lee´s. In examined yogurts we detected from expiration from 78.107 to 169.107 and after expiration from 59.107 to 133.107 lactic acid bacteria in 1 ml of yogurt. In agreement with Food Codex of SR (2010) of rules all these yogurts satisfy number of lactid acid bacteria.
Proteins of potatoes in relation to the content of cadmium in their tubers
Authors: Musilová Janette , Bystrická Judita 
Published: December 2010

In the work the influence of cadmium in soil on the range of cumulating in tubers of potatoes and in proteins of potatoes grown under model conditions of pot trial experiment and under the real conditions of locality Imeľ in Danube Lowland was surveyed. Under conditions of pot trial the increased contents in tubers positively correlated with contents of cadmium applied into soil; the highest content of Cd was assessed in variety Junior (from 0.211 mg.kg-1 FM in 1st variant to 0.715 mg.kg-1 FM in 4th variant). The influence of increased content of Cd was manifested statistically significant in the content of proteins also in the content of Cd in protein fractions (1st var. 0.026 (Asterix) – 0.045 (Agria) mg.kg-1 FM; 2nd var. 0.047 (Livera) – 0.085 (Asterix) mg.kg-1 FM; 3rd var. 0.06 (Livera) – 0.117 (Junior) mg.kg-1 FM; 4th var. 0.068 (Livera) – 0.142 (Asterix) mg.kg-1 FM). Contents of Cd in potatoes from locality Imeľ did not exceed the value 0.1 mg.kg-1 FM defined in PK SR. The average contents of proteins were in range from 1.19 % (Victoria) to 1.489 % (Adora), the average content of Cd cumulated in proteins was the highest in variety Vivaldi (1.317 μg.kg-1 FM). Positive correlation was confirmed between the content of Cd in potato tubers and in proteins only in Livera variety.
Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Potential in Rats: The Functional Observational Battery
Authors: Boucard Aurélie , Bétat Anne‐Marie , Forster Roy , Simonnard Alain , Froget Guillaume 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis unit describes the functional observational battery (FOB), a behavioral screening procedure commonly used in safety pharmacology and toxicology studies to assess potentially adverse effects of test agents on the central nervous system. The battery includes general observations and the determination of reactivity to various stimuli. Also presented is the severity score index for analyzing individual measurements and evaluations over a range of endpoints. The severity score index can be used to identify, quantify, and describe the effects of compounds on neurological, autonomic, and behavioral functions.Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 51:10.12.1‐10.12.9. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation and Quantitation of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Derived from Cell Culture (HCVcc)
Authors: Paulson Matthew S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe development of robust genotype 1b and genotype 1a hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon systems has enabled the convenient in vitro study of part of the virus life cycle. This unit describes detailed protocols for generating and measuring infectious HCV, or cell‐culture‐derived infectious HCV (HCVcc). The HCVcc infectious system has two essential components: (1) cells that are permissive to de novo infection and allow effective replication of the full virus life cycle; and (2) a virus genome that has robust and efficient replication in tissue culture. The assays in this unit are based on protocols designed for Huh‐7‐derived cell lines that allow robust replication of HCV and are permissive to infection. These protocols are important for the implementation of drug discovery efforts relative to the entire infectious virus life cycle. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 51:13B.4.1‐13B.4.19. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preclinical Mouse Models of Human Prostate Cancer and Their Utility in Drug Discovery
Authors: Park Serk In , Kim Sun Jin , McCauley Laurie K. , Gallick Gary E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn vivo animal studies are an essential component of prostate cancer research, and are particularly critical for studying interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Numerous preclinical animal models of prostate cancer are available, including transgenic mouse models and human prostate cancer xenograft mouse models. In contrast to transgenic mouse models producing more heterogeneous cohorts of tumors, xenograft mouse models provide more controlled approaches. This unit describes procedures used to establish several distinct preclinical mouse models of human prostate cancer, including an orthotopic prostate xenograft model, an orthotopic bone metastasis model, an experimental metastasis model of intra‐cardiac injection, and a vossicle model of tumor‐bone interaction.Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 51:14.15.1‐14.15.27. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes via the Hanging‐Drop and Mass Culture Methods
Authors: Fuegemann Christopher J. , Samraj Ajoy K. , Walsh Stuart , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Jovinge Stefan , Breitbach Martin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHerein, we describe two protocols for the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into cardiomyocytes. mESCs are pluripotent and can be differentiated into cells of all three germ layers, including cardiomyocytes. The methods described here facilitate the differentiation of mESCs into the different cardiac subtypes (atrial‐, ventricular‐, nodal‐like cells). The duration of cell culture determines whether preferentially early– or late–developmental stage cardiomyocytes can be obtained preferentially. This approach allows the investigation of cardiomyocyte development and differentiation in vitro, and also allows for the enrichment and isolation of physiologically intact cardiomyocytes for transplantation purposes. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 15:1F.11.1‐1F.11.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective C3C3 Oxidative Cross‐Coupling between Unactivated Anilines and Indoles
Authors: Wang Linfei , Han Zhaomeng , Fan Renhua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA selective C3C3 oxidative cross‐coupling between unactivated anilines and indoles catalyzed by copper bromide together with iodobenzene diacetate as the oxidant is described. This methodology provides a novel approach to biaryl synthesis.
Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of o‐Xylene: Discovery of 2‐Fluoropyridine as a Ligand to Support Selective Pd‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization
Authors: Izawa Yusuke , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn improved method for the direct oxidative coupling of o‐xylene could provide streamlined access to an important monomer used in polyimide resins. The use of 2‐fluoropyridine as a ligand has been found to enable unprecedented levels of chemo‐ and regioselectivity in this palladium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling reaction. Preliminary insights have been obtained into the origin of the effectiveness of 2‐fluoropyridine as a ligand.
Mosaic down syndrome in a patient with low‐level mosaicism detected by microarray
Authors: Leon Eyby , Zou Ying S. , Milunsky Jeff M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common aneuploidy in liveborns with an estimated frequency of 1 in 650–1,000 births. Approximately 1–2% of all live‐born DS individuals have mosaicism. The correlation between the percentage of mosaicism and the severity of the phenotype in mosaic trisomy 21 has been determined in previous studies. Patients with low percent of trisomy 21 have less phenotypic manifestations, higher IQs, and better overall survival. We report on a 1‐day‐old baby girl with subtle features of DS and low‐level trisomy 21 mosaicism (8–13% in lymphocytes, 31% in buccal cells) with normal high resolution chromosome analysis. The aneuploidy was detected by 6.0 SNP microarray and confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Further studies to detect mosaicism are recommended from blood (using interphase FISH) or other tissues in the evaluation of a child with features of DS and a normal blood metaphase karyotype. SNP microarray technology appears to be a useful adjunct, being able to detect low‐level mosaicism in these cases. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental effects on skeletal versus dental development II: Further testing of a basic assumption in human osteological research
Authors: Conceição E.L.N. , Cardoso H.F.V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study further tests the general assumption that skeletal development is more sensitive to socioeconomic factors than dental development in a sample of modern immature Portuguese skeletons (N= 41) of known sex, age, and socioeconomic background. Skeletal development was assessed from skeletal maturation of the knee and dental development was assessed from schedules of tooth formation. Discrepancies between physiological age (skeletal and dental age) and chronological age were used as a measure of developmental status. A positive score indicates that physiological age is in advance of chronological age, whereas a negative score indicates the reverse. Two socioeconomic groups, one of low and the other of high socioeconomic status, were created based on the occupation of the father and on the place of residence, and developmental status was compared between the two socioeconomic groups. Results confirm previous studies by showing that dental development is less affected by environmental insults than skeletal maturation. While socioeconomic differences in skeletal maturation range from 1.20 to 1.22 years (15–18% of chronological age), socioeconomic differences in dental maturation range from 0.51 to 0.53 years (4–9% of chronological age). Compared to a previous study, results also suggest that skeletal maturation is more affected than skeletal growth. Additionally, an adaptation of the radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the knee is proposed for use with dry skeletal material. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the reaction course of oxamide and N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)oxamide with propylene carbonate
Authors: Zarzyka‐Niemiec Iwona 
Published: December 2010

AbstractStudies on obtaining and hydroxypropyl properties of oxamide (OD) derivatives with contribution of OD and N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxypropyl)oxamide (BHPOD) were carried out. As a hydroxyalkylating agent, the propylene carbonate (PC) was used. Hydroxypropylating with OD proceeds with a partial preservation of carbonate groups in the structure of products, and during the reaction, a partial dimerization of hydroxypropoxylene derivatives of OD occurs. The obtained hydroxypropoxy derivatives of OD are distinguished by an increased thermal stability. Hydroxypropoxy derivatives of OD are expected to find application as polyol components for the manufacture of thermally stable foamed polyurethane plastics. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Molecularly imprinted polymer for solid phase extraction of nicotinamide in pork liver samples
Authors: Del Sole Roberta , Scardino Anna , Lazzoi Maria Rosaria , Vasapollo Giuseppe 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNicotinamide (NAM) is often added in fortified infant and various food products to ensure an adequate consumption of vitamin. Thus, a proper monitoring of NAM content in foods can be important. In this study, a selective molecularly imprinted polymer as sorbent for solid phase extraction of NAM in animal sources was successfully developed. The molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by bulk polymerization technique. The performances of this polymer as sorbent were investigated in NAM standard solutions. One hundred milligrams of polymer was able to retain up to 244 μg of NAM with recovery >80% when chloroform was used as loading and washing solvent and ethanol as eluting solvent. Other solvent mixtures were also tested. The optimal molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction protocol was defined and used for the clean‐up of NAM in pork liver samples. Moreover, the performances of the imprinted polymer were compared with that of nonimprinted polymer and with conventional reversed‐phase C18 performances. Pork liver samples spiked with 49 μg mL−1 gave a good percentage of recovery of 87%, with relative standard deviation of 8% for imprinted polymer, whereas only 12% of recovery for nonimprinted polymer and 14% of recovery for reversed‐phase C18 sorbent were found. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Prediction of viscoelastic behavior of interphase in polypropylene‐chopped rice husk composites for β‐relaxation domain
Authors: Ershad‐Langroudi Amir , Razavi‐Nouri Mohammad , Oromiehie Abdulrasoul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effect of chopped rice husk (CRH) content on viscoelastic properties and crystallinity of polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated. Composites containing 0, 20, and 40 part per hundred plastics (php) of CRH into PP were prepared by twin‐screw extruder, with maleic anhydride‐grafted PP as the coupling agent. The viscoelastic behavior and the crystallinity of these composites have been studied by dynamic mechanical analysis as well as differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. By the incorporation of CRH into PP, the storage modulus (E′) was found to be increased progressively, whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan δ) decreased in a nonlinear manner. A self‐consistent analysis was proposed for the prediction of viscoelastic response of the interphase between PP matrix and CRH particles. A three‐phase model was applied in a reverse mode, and the viscoelastic behavior of the interphase was extracted and compared with the unfilled matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that CRH influences crystallization temperature as well as the degree of crystallinity of the composites. An entrapped polymer within CRH filler and PP matrix was detected by scanning electron microscope, which can be attributed to the interfacial layer with a good adhesion between the main components. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011