bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinitis Pigmentosa Inversa with Unilateral High Myopia with Fellow Eye Optic Disc Pitting
Authors: Sheth Saumil , Rush Ryan , Narayanan Raja 
Published: January 2011

Purpose TO report a possible rare association of bilateral retinitis pigmentosa inversa (RPI) with unilateral high myopia with fellow eye optic disc pitting. Methods A 55-year-old man with a history of reduced vision in the right eye since childhood presented with gradually decreasing vision in the left eye. On examination, a −23.00 diopter refractive error and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy consistent with pathologic myopia was found in the right eye. An optic disc pit with posterior pole pigmentary alterations thought to be consequent to a previous neurosensory detachment was found in the left eye. Though the retinal arteriolar attenuation seen in both eyes with an inconsistent history of night blindness since childhood pointed towards the possibility of a concurrently existing rod or rod-cone dystrophy, the posterior pole pigmentary alterations characteristic of RPI were clearly masked by the above pathologies. Results Optical coherence tomography demonstrated prominent foveal atrophy and an optic disc pit in the left eye. Electroretinography (ERG) demonstrated moderately attenuated amplitudes with pro-longed implicit times of rod and cone responses bilaterally. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral RPI and anisometropic amblyopia in the right eye. Conclusions This report documents a unique constellation of findings which include bilateral RPI and unilateral high myopia with an optic disc pit in the fellow eye. An ERG confirmation of a dystrophic etiology should be sought in suspicious cases, especially when findings are masked by the concurrent presence of other pathologies.
Nitrogen‐Doped Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Substrates: Evidence for Framework Doping and Their Enhanced Properties
Authors: Liu Yu , Jin Zhong , Wang Jinyong , Cui Rongli , Sun Hao , Peng Fei , Wei Li , Wang Zhenxing , Liang Xuelei , Peng Lianmao , Li Yan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNitrogen‐doped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are synthesized directly on silicon and quartz substrates through a normal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Thermogravimetry mass spectrometry measurements and Raman spectroscopy give firm evidence for framework nitrogen doping. X‐ray‐photoelectron‐spectroscopy analysis further obtains the bonding style of the nitrogen atoms in the carbon framework. The nitrogen doping significantly changes the properties of the SWCNTs. All of the tubes behave like metallic tubes in field‐effect transistors. The doped nitrogen atoms introduce a stronger affinity for the SWCNTs to metal nanoparticles. Compared with pristine SWCNTs, the nitrogen‐doped tubes show enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for electrochemical detection of some electrophilic species including O2, H2O2, and Fe3+. They also present improved electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. These unique properties of the nitrogen‐doped SWCNTs endow them with important potential applications in various fields.
Recent Developments in the [5+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Pellissier Hélène 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe rapid generation of molecular complexity in a relatively easy manner has made the [5+2] cycloaddition approach a highly useful tool in the synthesis of a wide number of complex natural products and important biologically active products containing seven‐membered rings. Besides the common and highly efficient [5+2] cycloadditions of oxidopyrylium and oxidopyridinium ions with π‐systems which offer an easy access to a wide range of novel heterocyclic seven‐membered ring molecules with a oxygen or nitrogen bridge, and the less employed [5+2] photocycloadditions, the metal‐catalyzed [5+2] cycloadditions have attracted a lot of attention and have become one of the most popular ways of constructing seven‐membered ring products. All these cycloadducts can be synthetically manipulated easily toward a number of interesting molecular structures with high potential applications. Abbreviations: Ac: acetyl; Ar: aryl; BarF: tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate; BINAP: 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl; Bn: benzyl; Boc: tert‐butoxycarbonyl; Bu: butyl; Bz: benzoyl; Cbz: benzyloxycarbonyl; cod: cyclooctadiene; Cp: cyclopentadienyl; DBU: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene; DCE: 1,2‐dichloroethane; de: diastereomeric excess; DFT: density functional theory; DMF: dimethylformamide; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; dppb: 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane; dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane; dppp: 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; ee: enantiomeric excess; Et: ethyl; HFIP: hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol; L: ligand; M: metal; Me: methyl; MOM: methoxymethyl; Ms: mesyl; Ph: phenyl; PMB: para‐methoxybenzoyl; Pr: propyl; Segphos: 5,5′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐4,4′‐bi‐1,3‐benzodioxole; TBDPS: tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl; TBS: tert‐butyldimethylsilyl; TEA: triethylamine; Tf: trifluoromethanesulfonyl; TFE: trifluoroethanol; THP: tetrahydropyran; TIPS: triisopropylsilyl; TMS: trimethylsilyl; Tol: tolyl; Tp: hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate; Ts: 4‐toluenesulfonyl (tosyl); VCP: vinylcyclopropane.
Long work hours is associated with suboptimal glycemic control among US workers with diabetes
Authors: Davila Evelyn P. , Florez Hermes , Trepka Mary Jo , Fleming Lora E. , Niyonsenga Theophile , Lee David J. , Parkash Jai 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of US workers are diabetic. We assessed the relationship between glycemic control and work hours and type of occupation among employed US adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsData were obtained from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A representative sample of employed US adults ≥20 years with self‐reported type 2 diabetes (n = 369) was used. Two dichotomous glycemic control indicators, based on various HbA1c level cut‐points, were used as dependent variables in weighted logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounders.ResultsAdults working over 40 hr/week were more likely to have suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) compared to those working 20 hr or less (odds ratio = 5.09; 95% confidence interval: [1.38–18.76]).ConclusionsWork‐related factors, such as number of hours worked, may affect the ability of adults with type 2 diabetes to reach and maintain glycemic control goals. These factors should be considered in the development of workplace policies and accommodations for the increasing number of workers with type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:375–383, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injury underreporting among small establishments in the construction industry
Authors: Dong Xiuwen S. , Fujimoto Alissa , Ringen Knut , Stafford Erich , Platner James W. , Gittleman Janie L. , Wang Xuanwen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere is convincing evidence that occupational injury and illness rates, particularly those reported by employers in the BLS' Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII), substantially underestimate the true magnitude of injury and illness in the construction industry.MethodsFifteen years of data from five large nationally representative data sources were analyzed, including SOII, CFOI, CBP, CPS, and MEPS. Regression trends and ratio analyses were conducted, and stratified by establishment size and Hispanic ethnicity.ResultsSmall construction establishments were most likely to underreport injuries. The SOII data only captured 25% of severe injuries among Hispanic workers, and 60% among white workers in small construction establishments.ConclusionsUnderreporting is pervasive in the construction industry for small establishments and Hispanic workers. Given that small establishments are predominant in the U.S. construction industry, they should be the focus of a larger effort to identify the true extent of construction‐related injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:339–349, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiepileptic drugs interact with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels
Authors: Linnebank Michael , Moskau Susanna , Semmler Alexander , Widman Guido , Stoffel‐Wagner Birgit , Weller Michael , Elger Christian E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are important for the treatment of epilepsy, psychiatric diseases, and pain syndromes. Small studies have suggested that AED treatment reduces serum levels of folate and vitamin B12.Methods:This prospective monocenter study aimed at testing the hypothesis that AED treatment is associated with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels in a large population. A total of 2730 AED‐treated and 170 untreated patients with epilepsy and 200 healthy individuals were enrolled.Results:Treatment with carbamazepine, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, primidone, or valproate was associated with lower mean serum folate levels or with a higher frequency of folate levels below the reference range in comparison with the entire group of patients, untreated patients, or controls. Treatment with phenobarbital, pregabalin, primidone, or topiramate was associated with lower vitamin B12 levels compared with the entire group of patients. Vitamin B12 serum levels were higher in patients treated with valproate compared with the entire group of patients, untreated patients, and healthy controls. Folate or vitamin B12 levels below the reference range were associated with higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and higher homocysteine plasma levels. Vitamin substitution for 3 months in 141 patients with folate or vitamin B12 levels below the reference range yielded normal vitamin levels in 95% of the supplemented patients and reduced MCV and homocysteine plasma levels.Interpretation:Treatment with most of the commonly used AEDs is associated with reduced folate or vitamin B12 serum levels and is a risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia. Oral substitution is effective to restore vitamin, MCV, and homocysteine levels. Ann Neurol 2011.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase protects against ischemic stroke through SIRT1‐dependent adenosine monophosphate–activated kinase pathway
Authors: Wang Pei , Xu Tian‐Ying , Guan Yun‐Feng , Tian Wei‐Wei , Viollet Benoit , Rui Yao‐Cheng , Zhai Qi‐Wei , Su Ding‐Feng , Miao Chao‐Yu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ biosynthesis and contributes to cell fate decisions. However, the role of Nampt in brain and stroke remains to be investigated.Methods:We used lentivirus‐mediated Nampt overexpression and knockdown to manipulate Nampt expression and explore the effects of Nampt in neuronal survival on ischemic stress both in vivo and in vitro. We also used adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated kinase‐α2 (AMPKα2) and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) knockout mice to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Nampt neuroprotection.Results:Nampt inhibition by a highly‐specific Nampt inhibitor, FK866, aggravated brain infarction in experimentally cerebral ischemia rats, whereas Nampt overexpression in local brain and Nampt enzymatic product nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) reduced ischemia‐induced cerebral injuries. Nampt overexpression and knockdown regulated neuron survival via the AMPK pathway. Neuroprotection of Nampt was abolished in AMPKα2−/− neurons. In neurons, Nampt positively modulated NAD+ levels and thereby controlled SIRT1 activity. SIRT1 coprecipitated with serine/threonine kinase 11 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK, and promoted LKB1 deacetylation in neurons. Nampt‐induced LKB1 deacetylation and AMPK activation disappeared in SIRT1−/− neurons. In contrast, Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase‐β (CaMKK‐β), another upstream kinase of AMPK, was not involved in the neuroprotection of Nampt. More important, Nampt overexpression‐induced neuroprotection was abolished in SIRT1+/− and AMPKα2−/− mice.Interpretation:Our findings reveal that Nampt protects against ischemic stroke through rescuing neurons from death via the SIRT1‐dependent AMPK pathway and indicate that Nampt is a new therapeutic target for stroke. Ann Neurol 2011.
An efficient binary system for gene expression in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, using GAL4 variants
Authors: Kobayashi Isao , Kojima Katsura , Uchino Keiro , Sezutsu Hideki , Iizuka Tetsuya , Tatematsu, Ken‐Ichiro , Yonemura Naoyuki , Tanaka Hiromitsu , Yamakawa Minoru , Ogura Eri , Kamachi Yusuke , Tamura Toshiki 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA binary gene expression system using the yeast GAL4 DNA‐binding protein and the upstream activating sequence (UAS) of galactose‐driven yeast genes is an established and powerful tool for the analysis of gene function. However, in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, this system has been limited in its utility by the relatively low transcriptional activation activity of GAL4 and by its toxicity. In this study, we investigated the potential of several established GAL4 variants (GAL4Δ, GAL4VP16, GAL4VPmad2, GAL4VPmad3, and GAL4NFκB) and of two new GAL4 variants, GAL4Rel and GAL4Relish, which contain the transcription‐activating regions of the BmRel and BmRelish genes, respectively, to improve the utility of the GAL4/UAS system in B. mori. We generated constructs containing these GAL4 variants under the control of constitutive or inducible promoters and investigated their transcription‐activating activity in cultured B. mori cells and embryos and in transgenic silkworms. GAL4VP16 and GAL4NFκB exhibited high transactivation activity but appeared to be toxic when used as transgenes under the control of a constitutive promoter. Similarly, GAL4VPmad2 and GAL4VPmad3 exhibited higher transactivation activity than GAL4, combined with strong toxicity. The transcription‐activating activity of GAL4Δ was about twice that of GAL4. The two new GAL4 variants, GAL4Rel and GAL4Relish, were less active than GAL4. Using GAL4VP16 and GAL4NFκB constructs, we have developed a very efficient GAL4/UAS binary gene expression system for use in cultured B. mori cells and embryos and in transgenic silkworms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neue Hemmstoffe der Aromatase: Synthese und biologische Aktivität pyridyl‐substituierter Phenanthrenonderivate
Authors: Bayer Herbert , Hartmann Rolf W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie Phenanthrenonderivate 3–6 wurden synthetisiert und auf ihre Aromatase‐ und Desmolase‐hemmende Wirkung untersucht. Sie weisen zum Teil eine deutlich stärkere Aromatase‐Hemmung auf als Aminoglutethimid (Verb. 5 und 6), ohne allerdings die Aktivitäten der Ausgangsverbindungen 1 und 2 zu übertreffen. Die Verbindungen 4 und 5 zeigen keine Hemmung der Desmolase.
Anthralin derivatives—inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase—antipsoriatic efficacy
Authors: Tanzer Helene , Braun Christine , Seidel Matthias , Wiegrebe Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase by anthralin (1) and 41 derivatives is determined: the acids 38 and 39, the lactones 40–42 and 9‐anthrone (8) are the most potent inhibitors, the lactone 41 reaching the efficacy of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). The results were correlated with the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of the test compounds and their clinical efficacy as far as known. There is no correlation between the “minimum structure” of Krebs and Schaltegger7) concerning antisoriatic activity and the inhibitory effects against 5‐lipoxygenase.
New routes to polyfunctionally substituted pyridine, pyridopyridine, quinoline, and pyridazine derivatives
Authors: Elnagdi Mohamed H. , Erian Ayman W. W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe pyridine derivatives 4 and 10 are obtained by condensing β‐aminocrotononitrile (1a) with malononitrile. Compound 4 affords the pyridylpyridazine 7 on coupling with aryldiazonium salts. The reaction of 1a with cyanothioacetamide affords 12 which affords the thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine 13 on treatment with phenacylbromide, and pyrido[2,3‐b]pyridine 15 on treatment with benzylidenemalononitrile (14).A variety of new pyridines, cyclohexadiene, and pyridopyridine derivatives were obtained from reaction of 2‐amino‐1‐propene‐1,1,3‐tricarbonitrille (1b) and diethyl 3‐amino‐2‐cyanopent‐2‐enedioate (1c) with Michael‐systems. Reaction of 1b with acrylonitrile afforded an acyclic diadduct 25 which could be cyclized to the aminoquinoline 26.
Molecular‐Modelling‐Untersuchungen zur Konformation und Konfiguration natürlich vorkommender, diastereomerer 10‐C‐Glucosylanthron‐ und ‐oxanthronverbindungen (Aloin‐ und 10‐Hydroxyaloin‐Typ)
Authors: Höltje Hans‐Dieter , Stahl Kristin , Lohse Karsten , Rauwald Hans W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMit Hilfe einer Molecular‐Modelling‐Methode auf der Grundlage von Kraft‐feldrechnungen wird eine Untersuchung zur Konfiguration und eine Konformationsanalyse folgender natürlich vorkommender diastereomerer C‐Glucosylanthron‐ und ‐oxanthronverbindungen beschrieben: Aloin A (1) und B (2), 10‐Hydroxyaloin A (3) und B (4) sowie ihre Octaacetylderivate 3a, 4a, 2,4,5,7‐Tetrabromaloin A (5) und B (6), 5‐Hydroxyaloin A (7) und 5‐Hydroxyaloin B (8).
Cinnamoylnitrile‐, pyran‐, and pyranopyrazole‐derivatives containing the salicylanilide moiety with anticipated molluscicidal activity
Authors: Nawwar Galal A. M. , Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Swellam Randa H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reaction of new cinnamonitriles containing the salicylyl moiety with active methylene reagents leads to the formation of the corresponding heterocycles. Their reaction with aniline yields the corresponding salicylanilide derivatives. The obtained pyrans and anilides were tested for molluscicidal activity.
1,2‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one and 4‐H‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyrido‐[2,3‐d]‐[1,3]‐oxazin‐4‐one derivatives as potential prodrugs: Part II: Hydrolysis
Authors: Schwenker Gerhard , Chen Jianbing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of the spontaneous hydrolysis of the potential prodrugs 1a‐1f, 2a‐2g, and 3a‐3e in methanol‐buffer mixtures (3:7) at various pH‐values was studied and a simple analytical uv‐spectroscopic method was developed. The results show that most of the new potential prodrugs were very quickly reconverted to their parent drugs under these conditions. All of the potential prodrugs are very sensitive between pH 4.0 and 8.0, with half lives < 50 min at 20°C, except for compounds 1f, 2f, and 3d. Compounds 1b and 1c are so sensitive that they reconverted to their parent drug during the mixing of the stock solution and the buffer‐methanol‐mixture.
1,2‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one and 4H‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyrido‐[2,3‐d]‐[1,3]‐oxazin‐4‐one derivatives as potential prodrugs: Part III: Permeability through excised human skin in vitro
Authors: Schwenker Gerhard , Chen Jianbing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe percutaneous permeation characteristics of 6 potential prodrugs 2–7 in comparison with their parent drug mefenamic acid (1) in vitro using excised human skin were studied. The results show that all potential prodrugs tested were at least 2.0 times as effective as mefenamic acid; compounds 2 and 7 permeated almost 5 times as quickly as mefenamic acid through excised human skin. The relations between the permeation behaviour, the RM values and the melting points were interpreted.
Structure‐function relationship of new anthralin derivatives assayed for growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte cultures
Authors: Bonnekoh Bernd , Tanzer Helene , Seidel Matthias , Geisel Jürgen , Merk Hans F. , Mahrle Gustav , Wiegrebe Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHaCaT keratinocyte cultures were exposed to twelve hydrophilic anthralin derivatives 1 to 12 with substituents at C‐1 and C‐8 of the anthrone skeleton, of one H at C‐10 and of both H's at C‐10 by lacton rings (fig. 1). After 3 μM treatment growth was determined by cellular protein content, 3H‐thymidine‐and 14C‐amino‐acid‐uptake and cytotoxicity by the release of cytoplasmic LDH into the culture medium.‐ In comparison to acetone control (100%) anthralin suppressed mean protein content, as well as DNA‐ and protein‐synthesis to 33, 28, and 21%, respectively, and the drug revealed an enzyme release of 660%. In relation to the parent drug we found similar cell growth inhibitory effects of compounds 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12. Deriv. 4, 8, and 10 were, however, to some extent less cytotoxic than anthralin, whereas deriv. 6, 9, and 12 were in the same range. An extreme suppression of growth parameters which differed from the anthralin effect by a factor 0.5–0.8 was caused by deriv. 11, showing the same cytotoxicity. Deriv. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 did not demonstrate any cytotoxicity. Concerning growth parameters, deriv. 2 induced a slight stimulation, deriv. 3 and 7 were completely ineffective, deriv. 1 and 5 induced slightly to moderately inhibited proliferation but both being much less effective than anthralin. These data indicate that the “minimum structure” concept by Krebs and Schaltegger—claiming 1‐hydroxy‐9‐anthrone as a precondition for clinical antipsoriatic potency—is not valid at least in cell‐biological tests and point toward possible usefulness of some experimental model compounds as alternative antipsoriatics.
Immunologische Untersuchungen auf Benzodiazepine—Der Einfluß von Strukturmerkmalen auf die Kreuzreaktivität ‐
Authors: Beyer Karl‐Heinz , Martz Susanne 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie Beschreibung der immunologischen Assays zum Nachweis von Benzodiazepinen in Urin bei den Firmenangaben läßt erwarten, daß alle in der Therapie eingesetzten Benzodiazepine gleichwertig erfaßt werden. Da es unwahrscheinlich erschien, daß die unterschiedlichen Strukturen keinen Einfluß auf den Meßvorgang haben sollten, wurden die Kreuzreaktivitäten für 35 Benzodiazepine bzw. Benzodiazepin‐Metaboliten am Beispiel des TDx bestimmt. Entsprechende Untersuchungen zeigten, daß—bis auf Diazepam—alle Benzodiazepine bzw. ihre Metaboliten eine geringere Kreuzreaktivität aufweisen. Die unterschiedliche Ansprechbarkeit für die einzelnen Benzodiazepine führt dazu, daß z.T. recht hohe Konzentrationen dieser Substanzen erforderlich sind—die im therapeutischen Bereich nicht erreicht werden ‐, um einen TDx‐Wert von 200 ng/ml (als Schwellenwert von der Herstellerfirma empfohlen) Nordiazepam‐Äquivalenten zu erreichen bzw. zu über‐schreiten. Dies gilt sinngemäß auch für die Immunoassays EMIT und RIA.
Biodegradable microtablets made of low molecular weight polyglycolic acid: Bioabbaubare Mikrotabletten aus niedermolekularer Polyglycolsäure
Authors: Moll Friedrich , Ries Ralf 
Published: January 2011

AbstractResearch work in developing pharmaceutical dosage forms with biodegradable polymers seldom dealt with polyglycolic acid (PGA)1,2. This because of difficult processing procedures and low solubility of PGA in common organic solvents2,3. The only licensed product of the homoplymer in medical use is the sufgical suture Dexon®4