bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term risk of hemorrhage and mortality after treatment of high-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Rossmann Tobias , Veldeman Michael , Oulasvirta Elias , Nurminen Ville , Rauch Philip , Gruber Andreas , Lehecka Martin , Niemelä Mika , Numminen Jussi , Raj Rahul 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundDespite recent multi-institutional efforts, long-term data on clinical and radiological outcomes after treatment of high-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of hemorrhage and fistula-related mortality after treatment.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all consecutive patients primarily diagnosed with a high-grade dAVF (Cognard grade 2b, 2a+b, 3, 4) between January 2012 and September 2022 at a large neurovascular center. Primary endpoints were intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and all-cause mortality after treatment; secondary endpoints were angiographic occlusion, complication rate and neurological deficits.ResultsA total of 121 patients underwent 141 treatments (122 endovascular therapy (EVT), 5 radiotherapy, 14 surgery) of which 12 patients (10%) underwent retreatment. Follow-up was available in all patients for a median of 4.2 (IQR 2.5 to 6.6) years. Eleven patients (9%) died during the follow-up period, of which three deaths (2%) occurred after hemorrhagic presentation, one of them attributable to treatment. One death (0.8%) was due to delayed hemorrhage after partial occlusion from EVT. No other post-treatment bleedings occurred. Angiographic follow-up after multimodality treatment was available in 93% of patients after a median of 6 months; the overall occlusion rate was 90%. The overall rate of complications was 25% after EVT and 14% after surgery. The rates of new transient and permanent neurological deficits after EVT were 9% and 3%, respectively.ConclusionsThe long-term rate of re-bleeding or dAVF-related mortality was low when high rates of angiographic occlusion were achieved. The risk for treatment-related complications leading to neurological sequela was low.
Strong gravitational lensing by $$Sgr A^*$$ and $$M87^*$$ black holes embedded in dark matter halo exhibiting string cloud and quintessential field
Authors: Molla Niyaz Uddin , Chaudhary Himanshu , Mustafa G. , Atamurotov Farruh , Debnath Ujjal , Arora Dhruv 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate the strong gravitational lensing phenomena caused by a black hole with a dark matter halo in the presence of cloud string and quintessence. This study examines strong gravitational lensing with two significant dark matter models: the universal rotation curve model and the cold dark matter model. To do this, we first numerically estimate the strong lensing coefficients and strong deflection angles for both the universal rotation curve and cold dark matter models. It is observed that the deflection angle, denoted as $$\alpha _D$$

α
D

, increases with the parameter $$\alpha $$
α
while holding the value of $$2M \gamma $$

2
M
γ

constant. Additionally, it increases with the parameter $$2M \gamma $$

2
M
γ

while keeping the value of $$\alpha $$
α
constant. The strong deflection angle $$\alpha _D$$

α
D

, for the black hole with a dark matter halo, with parameters $$\alpha $$
α
and $$2\,M \gamma $$

2

M
γ

, greatly enhances the gravitational bending effect and surpasses the corresponding case of the standard Schwarzschild black hole ($$A=B=0=\alpha =2M\gamma $$

A
=
B
=
0
=
α
=
2
M
γ

). Furthermore, we investigate the astrophysical consequences through strong gravitational lensing observations, using examples of two supermassive black holes, namely $$M87^{*}$$

M

87

∗

and $$Sgr A^{*}$$

S
g
r

A

∗

, located at the center of nearby galaxies. It is observed that black holes with dark matter halos in the presence of cloud string and quintessence can be quantitatively distinguished and characterized from the standard Schwarzschild black hole ($$A=B=0=\alpha =2M\gamma $$

A
=
B
=
0
=
α
=
2
M
γ

). The findings in our analysis suggest that observational tests for black holes influenced by dark matter halos, cloud string and quintessence are indeed feasible and viable.
Detecting coordinated and bot-like behavior in Twitter: the Jürgen Conings case
Authors: De Clerck Bart , Fernandez Toledano Juan Carlos , Van Utterbeeck Filip , Rocha Luis E. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial media platforms can play a pivotal role in shaping public opinion during times of crisis and controversy. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a large amount of dubious information being shared online. In Belgium, a crisis emerged during the pandemic when a soldier (Jürgen Conings) went missing with stolen weaponry after threatening politicians and virologists. This case created further division and polarization in online discussions. In this paper, we develop a methodology to study the potential of coordinated spread of incorrect information online. We combine network science and content analysis to infer and study the social network of users discussing the case, the news websites shared by those users, and their narratives. Additionally, we examined indications of bots or coordinated behavior among the users. Our findings reveal the presence of distinct communities within the discourse. Major news outlets, conspiracy theory websites, and anti-vax platforms were identified as the primary sources of (dis)information sharing. We also detected potential coordinated behavior and bot activity, indicating possible attempts to manipulate the discourse. We used the rapid semantic similarity network for the analysis of text, but our approach can be extended to the analysis of images, videos, and other types of content. These results provide insights into the role of social media in shaping public opinion during times of crisis and underscore the need for improved strategies to detect and mitigate disinformation campaigns and online discourse manipulation. Our research can aid intelligence community members in identifying and disrupting networks that spread extremist ideologies and false information, thereby promoting a more informed and resilient society.
Quantifying polarization in online political discourse
Authors: Muñoz Pau , Bellogín Alejandro , Barba-Rojas Raúl , Díez Fernando 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn an era of increasing political polarization, its analysis becomes crucial for the understanding of democratic dynamics. This paper presents a comprehensive research on measuring political polarization on X (Twitter) during election cycles in Spain, from 2011 to 2019. A wide comparative analysis is performed on algorithms used to identify and measure polarization or controversy on microblogging platforms. This analysis is specifically tailored towards publications made by official political party accounts during pre-campaign, campaign, election day, and the week post-election. Guided by the findings of this comparative evaluation, we propose a novel algorithm better suited to capture polarization in the context of political events, which is validated with real data. As a consequence, our research contributes a significant advancement in the field of political science, social network analysis, and overall computational social science, by providing a realistic method to capture polarization from online political discourse.
Dynamic and static dipole polarizability of an Aharonov–Bohm ring
Authors: Pedersen Thomas Garm 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe properties of nanoscale rings are sensitive to Aharonov–Bohm fluxes threading the ring. In particular, neighboring angular momentum eigenstates become degenerate in cases of half-integer flux. Such degeneracies have a profound effect on the dipole polarizability leading to a divergent response. We analyze circular finite-width nanorings and derive a simple and compact expression for the polarizability valid for arbitrary ring geometry, frequency and magnetic flux. The dipole response is significantly reduced by finite-width effects, yet divergencies at half-integer flux are predicted irrespective of width. Finally, a non-divergent (but large) response is restored through a non-perturbative treatment of both magnetic and electric fields.
Products and powers of principal symmetric ideals
Authors: Dannetun Eric , Fang Bruce , Formenti Riccardo , Gao Bo Y. , Geraci Juliann , Kogel Ross , Li Yuelin , Mandal Shreya , Rupasinghe Vinuge , Seceleanu Alexandra , Tran Duc Van Khanh , Walker Noah 
Published: June 2024

Principal symmetric ideals were recently introduced by Harada et al. in [The minimal free resolution of a general principal symmetric ideal, preprint (2023), arXiv:2308.03141], where their homological properties are elucidated. They are ideals generated by the orbit of a single polynomial under permutations of variables in a polynomial ring. In this paper, we determine when a product of two principal symmetric ideals is principal symmetric and when the powers of a principal symmetric ideal are again principal symmetric ideals. We characterize the ideals that have the latter property as being generated by polynomials invariant up to a scalar multiple under permutation of variables. Recognizing principal symmetric ideals is an open question for the purpose of which we produce certain obstructions. We also demonstrate that the Hilbert functions of symmetric monomial ideals are not all given by symmetric monomial ideals, in contrast to the non-symmetric case.
Ranking the Transferability of Adversarial Examples
Authors: Levy Moshe , Amit Guy , Elovici Yuval , Mirsky Yisroel 
Published: June 2024

Adversarial transferability in blackbox scenarios presents a unique challenge: while attackers can employ surrogate models to craft adversarial examples, they lack assurance on whether these examples will successfully compromise the target model. Until now, the prevalent method to ascertain success has been trial and error—testing crafted samples directly on the victim model. This approach, however, risks detection with every attempt, forcing attackers to either perfect their first try or face exposure.
Our article introduces a ranking strategy that refines the transfer attack process, enabling the attacker to estimate the likelihood of success without repeated trials on the victim’s system. By leveraging a set of diverse surrogate models, our method can predict transferability of adversarial examples. This strategy can be used to either select the best sample to use in an attack or the best perturbation to apply to a specific sample.
Using our strategy, we were able to raise the transferability of adversarial examples from a mere 20%—akin to random selection—up to near upper-bound levels, with some scenarios even witnessing a 100% success rate. This substantial improvement not only sheds light on the shared susceptibilities across diverse architectures but also demonstrates that attackers can forego the detectable trial-and-error tactics raising increasing the threat of surrogate-based attacks.
Trace Semantics for C++11 Memory Model
Authors: Xiao Lili , Zhu Huibiao , Chen Sini , He Mengda , Qin Shengchao 
Published: June 2024

The C and C++ languages introduced the relaxed-memory concurrency into the language specification for efficiency purposes in 2011. Trace semantics can provide the mathematical foundation for the proposed C++11 memory model, and there is a lack of investigation of trace semantics for C++11.
The Promising Semantics (PS) of Kang et al. provides the standard SC-style operational semantics for the C++11 concurrency model, where “SC” refers to “Sequential Consistency”. Inspired by PS, in this article we first investigate the trace semantics for the relaxed read and write accesses under C++11, acting in the denotational semantics style. In our semantic model, a trace is in the form of a sequence of snapshots, and the snapshots record the modification in the relevant global or local variables, and the thread view. Moreover, the trace semantics for the release/acquire accesses under C++11 is also explored, based on the separated thread views and newly added message views. When considering this trace model, different accesses bring in their unique snapshots, and make distinguished effects on the production of the sequences.
For any given program, the proposed trace semantics in this article produces all the valid traces directly. Furthermore, our trace semantics, together with that for TSO and MCA ARMv8, has the possibility to be the foundation of the meta model of the trace semantics for weak memory models.
Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT
Authors: Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Ozair Ahmad , Drappatz Jan , Ye Xiaobu , Peng Sen , Lee Matthew , Rath Sanhita , Dhruv Harshil , Hao Yue , Berens Michael E. , Walbert Tobias , Holdhoff Matthias , Lesser Glenn J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Sloan Andrew E. , Takebe Naoko , Couce Marta , Peereboom David M. , Nabors Burt , Wen Patrick Y. , Grossman Stuart A. , Rogers Lisa R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a dismal prognosis. Although the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the mainstay of chemotherapy, therapeutic resistance rapidly develops in patients. Base excision repair inhibitor TRC102 (methoxyamine) reverses TMZ resistance in preclinical glioma models. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral TRC102+TMZ in recurrent GBM (rGBM).

Patients and Methods:
A preregistered (NCT02395692), nonrandomized, multicenter, phase 2 clinical trial (BERT) was planned and conducted through the Adult Brain Tumor Consortium (ABTC-1402). Arm 1 included patients with bevacizumab-naïve GBM at the first recurrence, with the primary endpoint of response rates. If sufficient activity was identified, a second arm was planned for the bevacizumab-refractory patients. The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), PFS at 6 months (PFS6), and toxicity.

Results:
Arm 1 enrolled 19 patients with a median of two treatment cycles. Objective responses were not observed; hence, arm 2 did not open. The median OS was 11.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2–17.9]. The median PFS was 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.8–3.7). The PFS6 was 10.5% (95% CI, 1.3%–33.1%). Most toxicities were grades 1 and 2, with two grade 3 lymphopenias and one grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Two patients with PFS ≥ 17 months and OS &gt; 32 months were deemed “extended survivors.” RNA sequencing of tumor tissue, obtained at diagnosis, demonstrated significantly enriched signatures of DNA damage response (DDR), chromosomal instability (CIN70, CIN25), and cellular proliferation (PCNA25) in “extended survivors.”

Conclusions:
These findings confirm the safety and feasibility of TRC102+TMZ in patients with rGBM. They also warrant further evaluation of combination therapy in biomarker-enriched trials enrolling GBM patients with baseline hyperactivated DDR pathways.
The TERT Promoter is Polycomb-Repressed in Neuroblastoma Cells with Long Telomeres
Authors: Graham Mindy K. , Xu Beisi , Davis Christine , Meeker Alan K. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Dyer Michael A. , Zeineldin Maged 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Acquiring a telomere maintenance mechanism is a hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma and commonly occurs by expressing telomerase (TERT). Telomerase-negative neuroblastoma has long telomeres and utilizes the telomerase-independent alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism. Conversely, no discernable telomere maintenance mechanism is detected in a fraction of neuroblastoma with long telomeres. Here, we show, unlike most cancers, DNA of the TERT promoter is broadly hypomethylated in neuroblastoma. In telomerase-positive neuroblastoma cells, the hypomethylated DNA promoter is approximately 1.5 kb. The TERT locus shows active chromatin marks with low enrichment for the repressive mark, H3K27me3. MYCN, a commonly amplified oncogene in neuroblstoma, binds to the promoter and induces TERT expression. Strikingly, in neuroblastoma with long telomeres, the hypomethylated region spans the entire TERT locus, including multiple nearby genes with enrichment for the repressive H3K27me3 chromatin mark. Furthermore, subtelomeric regions showed enrichment of repressive chromatin marks in neuroblastomas with long telomeres relative to those with short telomeres. These repressive marks were even more evident at the genic loci, suggesting a telomere position effect (TPE). Inhibiting H3K27 methylation by three different EZH2 inhibitors induced the expression of TERT in cell lines with long telomeres and H3K27me3 marks in the promoter region. EZH2 inhibition facilitated MYCN binding to the TERT promoter in neuroblastoma cells with long telomeres. Taken together, these data suggest that epigenetic regulation of TERT expression differs in neuroblastoma depending on the telomere maintenance status, and H3K27 methylation is important in repressing TERT expression in neuroblastoma with long telomeres.

Significance:
The epigenetic landscape of the TERT locus is unique in neuroblastoma. The DNA at the TERT locus, unlike other cancer cells and similar to normal cells, are hypomethylated in telomerase-positive neuroblastoma cells. The TERT locus is repressed by polycomb repressive complex-2 complex in neuroblastoma cells that have long telomeres and do not express TERT. Long telomeres in neuroblastoma cells are also associated with repressive chromatin states at the chromosomal termini, suggesting TPE.
Association of ESR1 Germline Variants with TP53 Somatic Variants in Breast Tumors in a Genome-wide Study
Authors: Tjader Nijole P. , Beer Abigail J. , Ramroop Johnny , Tai Mei-Chee , Ping Jie , Gandhi Tanish , Dauch Cara , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Sotelo Nereida , Ghanekar Shreya , Meadows Owen , Paredes Monica , Gillespie Jessica L. , Aeilts Amber M. , Hampel Heather , Zheng Wei , Jia Guochong , Hu Qiang , Wei Lei , Liu Song , Ambrosone Christine B. , Palmer Julie R. , Carpten John D. , Yao Song , Stevens Patrick , Ho Weang-Kee , Pan Jia Wern , Fadda Paolo , Huo Dezheng , Teo Soo-Hwang , McElroy Joseph Paul , Toland Amanda E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In breast tumors, somatic mutation frequencies in TP53 and PIK3CA vary by tumor subtype and ancestry. Emerging data suggest tumor mutation status is associated with germline variants and genetic ancestry. We aimed to identify germline variants that are associated with somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status in breast tumors. A genome-wide association study was conducted in 2,850 women of European ancestry with breast cancer using TP53 and PIK3CA mutation status (positive or negative) as well as specific functional categories [e.g., TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function, PIK3CA activating] as phenotypes. Germline variants showing evidence of association were selected for validation analyses and tested in multiple independent datasets. Discovery association analyses found five variants associated with TP53 mutation status with P values &lt;1 × 10−6 and 33 variants with P values &lt;1 × 10−5. Forty-four variants were associated with PIK3CA mutation status with P values &lt;1 × 10−5. In validation analyses, only variants at the ESR1 locus were associated with TP53 mutation status after multiple comparisons corrections. Combined analyses in European and Malaysian populations found ESR1 locus variants rs9383938 and rs9479090 associated with the presence of TP53 mutations overall (P values 2 × 10−11 and 4.6 × 10−10, respectively). rs9383938 also showed association with TP53 GOF mutations (P value 6.1 × 10−7). rs9479090 showed suggestive evidence (P value 0.02) for association with TP53 mutation status in African ancestry populations. No other variants were significantly associated with TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if additional variants contribute to ancestry-specific differences in mutation frequency.

Significance:
Emerging data show ancestry-specific differences in TP53 and PIK3CA mutation frequency in breast tumors suggesting that germline variants may influence somatic mutational processes. This study identified variants near ESR1 associated with TP53 mutation status and identified additional loci with suggestive association which may provide biological insight into observed differences.
Cancer-Related Fatigue and the Additive Effect of Treatment in the Context of Lymphoma: An Analysis of the Lymphoma Coalition’s 2022 Global Patient Survey
Authors: Kalloger Steve E. , Watson Amanda , Sajkowski Shawn , Warwick Lorna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) continues to be a challenging phenomenon that is often underreported and poorly understood. With etiologies in both disease and treatment manifesting as a symptom and a side effect, respectively, CRF is highly incident and presents a significant clinical problem that impacts survivorship. We conducted a survey to ascertain the patient-reported incidence of symptoms and side effects for people with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We found that CRF was enhanced in those who received more intense therapies that coincided with more aggressive lymphoma subtypes. These data illuminate an unmet need among patients with lymphoma and provide an opportunity to further refine treatment regimens in order to reduce the burden of CRF in this vulnerable population.

Significance:
CRF is a highly incident phenomenon in lymphoma that can be ascribed to a combination of causes. We have demonstrated substantial variability across various subtypes of lymphoma and have estimated that nearly half of the reported fatigue comes from treatment. Increased screening for and monitoring of fatigue will yield favorable health-related quality of life that will benefit health technology assessment activities and yield improved outcomes for patients.
Activation of the Mevalonate Pathway in Response to Anti-cancer Treatments Drives Glioblastoma Recurrences Through Activation of Rac-1
Authors: He Ling , Ioannidis Angeliki , Hoffman Carter J. , Arambula Evelyn , Joshi Purva , Whitelegge Julian , Liau Linda M. , Kornblum Harley I. , Pajonk Frank 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest adult brain cancer. Under the current standard of care, almost all patients succumb to the disease and novel treatments are urgently needed. Recognizing that GBMs are addicted to cholesterol, past clinical trials have repurposed statins against GBM but failed. The purpose of this study was to test whether treatments that upregulate the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in GBM would generate a metabolic vulnerability that can be exploited using statins and to determine the underlying mechanisms.
Effects of radiotherapy and temozolomide or dopamine receptor antagonists on the mevalonate pathway in GBM were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The impact of statins on self-renewal of glioma stem cells and median survival was studied. Branches of the mevalonate pathway were probed to identify relevant effector proteins.
Cells surviving combination treatments that converge in activating the immediate early response, universally upregulated the mevalonate pathway and increased stemness of GBM cells through activation of the Rho-GTPase Rac-1. Activation of the mevalonate pathway and Rac-1 was inhibited by statins, which led to improved survival in mouse models of glioblastoma when combined with radiation and drugs that target the glioma stem cell pool and plasticity of glioma cells.
We conclude that a combination of dopamine receptor antagonists and statins could potentially improve radiotherapy outcome and warrants further investigation.

Significance:
Combination therapies that activate the mevalonate pathway in GBM cells after sublethal treatment enhance self-renewal and migratory capacity through Rac-1 activation, which creates a metabolic vulnerability that can be further potentially exploited using statins.