bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE STAINS AS APPLIED TO CHICK EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE
Authors: BÉLANGER LEONARD F. , MIGICOVSKY B. B. 
Published: April 2011

The localization of the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, of toluidine blue metachromasia, of alcian blue staining and the Hale reaction do not coincide in the epiphyscal cartilage of the chick. The iron-adsorption pattern of the Hale reaction corresponds to that of Ca45 uptake in vitro and represents probably a binding fraction of cartilage, or unbound chondroitin sulfate. Toluidine blue metachromasia is less specific and may well represent collagen-bound as well as unbound sulfated mucopolysaccharides. The PAS stained material predominates in the articular cartilage and in the zone of large cells of the conjugation cartilage. Its intimate distribution matches the pattern of high density revealed by alpha-radiography. It is probably a protein-bound high polymer. The intracellular and immature matrix distribution of alcian blue points to its staining of a precursor component, probably nonsulfated. The existence of an interlacunar network of periodic acid Schiff reactive and alcian blue stained fibers in the articular cartilage has been confirmed.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE CYTOPLASMIC CONSTITUENTS OF KIDNEY OF TOAD (BUFO MELANOSTICUS) DURING ACUTE DEHYDRATION
Authors: DEB CHANDICHARAN , MUKHERJI MRITYUNJOY 
Published: April 2011

1. A condition of reduced glomerular filtration and increased tubular reabsorption was produced experimentally in toads by the process of acute dehydration. 2. In such a condition there was an interesting change, hitherto unrecorded, in acid phosphatase and plasmalogen content of the kidney. There was a fall in plasmalogen and a rise in acid phosphatase in kidney glomeruli during dehydration, and opposite results were observed in the tubules. 3. It may be concluded that plasmalogen is related to the functional activity of the kidney; in the case of acid phosphatase, a non-functional accumulation has been observed. 4. There was also a rise in succinic acid dehydrogenase and esterase in the functioning kidney tubules during dehydration.
Can type of school be used as an alternative indicator of socioeconomic status in dental caries studies? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Piovesan Chaiana , Pádua Monica Carneiro , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Bonini Gabriela Cunha 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Despite the importance of collecting individual data of socioeconomic status (SES) in epidemiological oral health surveys with children, this procedure relies on the parents as respondents. Therefore, type of school (public or private schools) could be used as an alternative indicator of SES, instead of collecting data individually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the variable type of school as an indicator of socioeconomic status as a substitute of individual data in an epidemiological survey about dental caries in Brazilian preschool children.

Methods
This study followed a cross-sectional design, with a random sample of 411 preschool children aged 1 to 5 years, representative of Catalão, Brazil. A calibrated examiner evaluated the prevalence of dental caries and parents or guardians provided information about several individual socioeconomic indicators by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. A multilevel approach was used to investigate the association among individual socioeconomic variables, as well as the type of school, and the outcome.

Results
When all significant variables in the univariate analysis were used in the multiple model, only mother's schooling and household income (individual socioeconomic variables) presented significant associations with presence of dental caries, and the type of school was not significantly associated. However, when the type of school was used alone, children of public school presented significantly higher prevalence of dental caries than those enrolled in private schools.

Conclusions
The type of school used as an alternative indicator for socioeconomic status is a feasible predictor for caries experience in epidemiological dental caries studies involving preschool children in Brazilian context.
Vitrification in Open and Closed Carriers at Different Cell Stages: Assessment of Embryo Survival, Development, DNA Integrity and Stability during Vapor Phase Storage for Transport
Authors: AbdelHafez Faten , Xu Jing , Goldberg Jeffrey , Desai Nina 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
High cooling rates with vitrification can be achieved through the use of carriers that allow cryopreservation in fluid volumes < one μl. Open carriers allow direct contact of embryos with liquid nitrogen (LN2) whereas closed carrier systems sequester the embryo within a sealed system during immersion in LN2. The use of closed systems may be preferable to reduce the possibility of cross-contamination. In the present study, we compare open and closed carriers for vitrification of embryos. We also examine their ability to retain embryo viability during vapor phase transport.

Methods
Frozen one-cell mouse embryos were thawed and randomly allocated to treatment groups. Embryos were cultured and vitrified at the 8-cell (CL) or at the blastocyst (BL) stage. The cryoloop, an open carrier was tested against two closed systems, the Cryotip and the HSV straw. Carriers were tested for their ability to maintain embryo viability when held in the vapor phase of a dry shipper for a period of 96 hours. Outcome parameters monitored were embryo survival, recovery, subsequent development and signs of DNA damage.

Results
A total of 561 embryos were vitrified. The only parameter significantly affected by the type of carrier was the percentage of embryos recovered after warming. Vitrification of both CL and BL stage embryos in the Cryotip resulted in significantly lower recovery rates (P < 0.001). The subsequent developmental parameters were unaffected by either the carrier or the cell stage. Vapor phase storage for 96 hours under "transport conditions" did not appear to adversely affect the viability after warming. Quantitative analysis for DNA damage showed that <5% of cells were TUNEL positive. Interestingly, the overall percent of cells exhibiting DNA damage was lower after CL stage vitrification (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study is one of the first to examine DNA integrity after vitrification on different carriers and at different cell stages. It also provides insight on relative safety of short term vapor storage of vitrified embryos during transport. Within the limits of this study we could not detect an adverse effect of vapor storage on blastomere DNA or other measured outcome parameters.
Strain dyssynchrony index determined by three-dimensional speckle area tracking can predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Tatsumi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Hidekazu , Tsuji Takayuki , Kaneko Akihiro , Ryo Keiko , Yamawaki Kohei , Omar Alaa MS , Fukuda Yuko , Norisada Kazuko , Matsumoto Kensuke , Onishi Tetsuari , Yoshida Akihiro , Kawai Hiroya , Hirata Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
We have previously reported strain dyssynchrony index assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking strain, and a marker of both dyssynchrony and residual myocardial contractility, can predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). A newly developed three-dimensional (3-D) speckle tracking system can quantify endocardial area change ratio (area strain), which coupled with the factors of both longitudinal and circumferential strain, from all 16 standard left ventricular (LV) segments using complete 3-D pyramidal datasets. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that strain dyssynchrony index using area tracking (ASDI) can quantify dyssynchrony and predict response to CRT.

Methods
We studied 14 heart failure patients with ejection fraction of 27 ± 7% (all≤35%) and QRS duration of 172 ± 30 ms (all≥120 ms) who underwent CRT. Echocardiography was performed before and 6-month after CRT. ASDI was calculated as the average difference between peak and end-systolic area strain of LV endocardium obtained from 3-D speckle tracking imaging using 16 segments. Conventional dyssynchrony measures were assessed by interventricular mechanical delay, Yu Index, and two-dimensional radial dyssynchrony by speckle-tracking strain. Response was defined as a ≥15% decrease in LV end-systolic volume 6-month after CRT.

Results
ASDI ≥ 3.8% was the best predictor of response to CRT with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 100% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (p < 0.001). Two-dimensional radial dyssynchrony determined by speckle-tracking strain was also predictive of response to CRT with an AUC of 0.82 (p < 0.005). Interestingly, ASDI ≥ 3.8% was associated with the highest incidence of echocardiographic improvement after CRT with a response rate of 100% (7/7), and baseline ASDI correlated with reduction of LV end-systolic volume following CRT (r = 0.80, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
ASDI can predict responders and LV reverse remodeling following CRT. This novel index using the 3-D speckle tracking system, which shows circumferential and longitudinal LV dyssynchrony and residual endocardial contractility, may thus have clinical significance for CRT patients.
T cells enhance gold nanoparticle delivery to tumors in vivo
Authors: Kennedy Laura C , Bear Adham S , Young Joseph K , Lewinski Nastassja A , Kim Jean , Foster Aaron E , Drezek Rebekah A 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGold nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) has shown great potential for the treatment of cancer in mouse studies and is now being evaluated in clinical trials. For this therapy, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are injected intravenously and are allowed to accumulate within the tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The tumor is then irradiated with a near infrared laser, whose energy is absorbed by the AuNPs and translated into heat. While reliance on the EPR effect for tumor targeting has proven adequate for vascularized tumors in small animal models, the efficiency and specificity of tumor delivery in vivo, particularly in tumors with poor blood supply, has proven challenging. In this study, we examine whether human T cells can be used as cellular delivery vehicles for AuNP transport into tumors. We first demonstrate that T cells can be efficiently loaded with 45 nm gold colloid nanoparticles without affecting viability or function (e.g. migration and cytokine production). Using a human tumor xenograft mouse model, we next demonstrate that AuNP-loaded T cells retain their capacity to migrate to tumor sites in vivo. In addition, the efficiency of AuNP delivery to tumors in vivo is increased by more than four-fold compared to injection of free PEGylated AuNPs and the use of the T cell delivery system also dramatically alters the overall nanoparticle biodistribution. Thus, the use of T cell chaperones for AuNP delivery could enhance the efficacy of nanoparticle-based therapies and imaging applications by increasing AuNP tumor accumulation.
Copper nanofiber-networked cobalt oxide composites for high performance Li-ion batteries
Authors: Nam Sang Hoon , Kim Yong Seok , Shim Hee-Sang , Kim Jong Guk , Kim Won Bae 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe prepared a composite electrode structure consisting of copper nanofiber-networked cobalt oxide (CuNFs@CoO
x
). The copper nanofibers (CuNFs) were fabricated on a substrate with formation of a network structure, which may have potential for improving electron percolation and retarding film deformation during the discharging/charging process over the electroactive cobalt oxide. Compared to bare CoO
x
thin-film (CoO
x
TF) electrodes, the CuNFs@CoO
x
electrodes exhibited a significant enhancement of rate performance by at least six-fold at an input current density of 3C-rate. Such enhanced Li-ion storage performance may be associated with modified electrode structure at the nanoscale, improved charge transfer, and facile stress relaxation from the embedded CuNF network. Consequently, the CuNFs@CoO
x
composite structure demonstrated here can be used as a promising high-performance electrode for Li-ion batteries.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of sporadic Hepatitis E in central China
Authors: Zhang Shujun , Wang Jingjing , Yuan Quan , Ge Shengxiang , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao , Tian Deying 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological investigations, detections and vaccines of hepatitis E (HE) have been paid a focus of attention in prior studies, while studies on clinical features and risk factors with a large number of sporadic HE patients are scarce.

Results
Sporadic HE can occur throughout the year, with the highest incidence rate in the first quarter of a year, in central of China. Of the 210 patients, 85.2% were male, and the most common clinical symptoms were jaundice (85.7%), fatigue (70.5%) and anorexia (64.8%). Total bilirubin (TBil), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and international normalized ratio (INR) were found as major risk factors for death of HE patients. There was an overall mortality of 10%, and the mortality in the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic group was 25% and 6.47%, respectively. Moreover, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infected patients with liver cirrhosis had a higher mortality and incidence of complications.

Conclusions
TBil, BUN, and INR are major risk factors of mortality for HE. Liver cirrhosis can aggravate HE, and lead to a higher mortality. HEV infection can cause decompensation in patients with cirrhosis, as evidenced by a worsening Child-Pugh score.
Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy induced by gastric carcinoma: Morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of six autopsy cases
Authors: Okubo Yoichiro , Wakayama Megumi , Kitahara Kanako , Nemoto Tetsuo , Yokose Tomoyuki , Abe Fumihito , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Sasai Daisuke , Shinozaki Minoru , Nakayama Haruo , Ishiwatari Takao , Shibuya Kazutoshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) has been known as a rare and serious cancer-related pulmonary complication. However, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this debilitating condition still remains obscure and no effective management was recommended. The present study aims to elucidate the pathophysiology of PTTM.

Methods
Autopsy records were searched to extract cases of pulmonary tumor embolism induced by metastasis of gastric carcinoma in the Toho University Omori Medical Center from 2000 to 2006. And then, tissue sections of extracted cases were prepared for not only light microscopic observation but morphometric analysis with the use of selected PTTM cases.

Results
Six autopsies involved PTTM and clinicopathological data of them were summarized. There was a significant negative association between pulmonary arterial diameter and stenosis rate in four cases. Although all cases showed an increase of stenosis rate to some degree, the degree of stenosis rate varied from case to case. Significant differences were found for average stenosis rate between the under 100 micrometer group or the 100 to 300 micrometer group and the 300 micrometer group in four cases. However, no significant differences were found for average stenosis rate between the under 100 micrometer group and the 100 to 300 micrometer group in all cases. Meanwhile, all cases showed positive reactivity for tissue factor (TF), five showed positive reactivity for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and three showed positive reactivity for osteopontin (OPN).

Conclusions
In the present study, we revealed that the degree of luminal narrowing of the pulmonary arteries varied from case to case, and our results suggested that pulmonary hypertension in PTTM occurs in selected cases which have a widespread pulmonary lesion with severe luminal narrowing in the smaller arteries. Furthermore, our immunohistochemical examination indicated that gastric carcinoma indicating PTTM shows a higher TF-positive rate than typical gastric carcinoma. However, it remains still obscuring whether gastric carcinoma indicating PTTM shows a higher VEGF or OPN-positive rate as determined by immunohistochemistry.

Virtual Slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9204869075191730.
Deregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is the predominant molecular pathology in OPMD animal models and patients
Authors: Anvar Seyed Yahya , 't Hoen Peter A. C. , Venema Andrea , van der Sluijs Barbara , van Engelen Baziel , Snoeck Marc , Vissing John , Trollet Capucine , Dickson George , Chartier Aymeric , Simonelig Martine , van Ommen Gert-Jan B. , van der Maarel Silvere M. , Raz Vered 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset progressive muscle disorder caused by a poly-alanine expansion mutation in the Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1). The molecular mechanisms that regulate disease onset and progression are largely unknown. In order to identify molecular pathways that are consistently associated with OPMD, we performed an integrated high-throughput transcriptome study in affected muscles of OPMD animal models and patients. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was found to be the most consistently and significantly OPMD-deregulated pathway across species. We could correlate the association of the UPS OPMD-deregulated genes with stages of disease progression. The expression trend of a subset of these genes is age-associated and therefore, marks the late onset of the disease, and a second group with expression trends relating to disease-progression. We demonstrate a correlation between expression trends and entrapment into PABPN1 insoluble aggregates of OPMD-deregulated E3 ligases. We also show that manipulations of proteasome and immunoproteasome activity specifically affect the accumulation and aggregation of mutant PABPN1. We suggest that the natural decrease in proteasome expression and its activity during muscle aging contributes to the onset of the disease.
Subretinal gene delivery using helper-dependent adenoviral vectors
Authors: Wu Linda , Lam Simon , Cao Huibi , Guan Rui , Duan Rongqi , van der Kooy Derek , Bremner Rod , Molday Robert S , Hu Jim 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This study describes the successful delivery of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors to the mouse retina with long term and robust levels of reporter expression in the retina without apparent adverse effects. Since these vectors have a large cloning capacity, they have great potential to extend the success of gene therapy achieved using the adeno-associated viral vector.
Granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs: A review
Authors: O'Neill Emma J. , Merrett Darren , Jones Boyd 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGranulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in dogs that is characterised by focal or disseminated granulomatous lesions within the brain and/or spinal cord, non-suppurative meningitis and perivascular mononuclear cuffing. The aetiology of the disease remains unknown, although an immune-mediated cause is suspected. This article reviewed the typical history, clinical signs and pathology of the condition along with current opinions on pathogenesis. The potential differential diagnoses for the disease were discussed along with current treatment options.
Gastrointestinal nematode control practices on lowland sheep farms in Ireland with reference to selection for anthelmintic resistance
Authors: Patten Thomas , Good Barbara , Hanrahan James P , Mulcahy Grace , de Waal Theo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitism is a widely recognised problem in sheep production, particularly for lambs. While anthelmintics have a pivotal role in controlling the effects of parasites, there is a paucity of data on how farmers use anthelmintics. A representative sample of Irish lowland farmers were surveyed regarding their parasite control practices and risk factors that may contribute to the development of anthelmintic resistance. Questionnaires were distributed to 166 lowland Irish sheep producers. The vast majority of respondents treated their sheep with anthelmintics. Lambs were the cohort treated most frequently, the majority of farmers followed a set programme as opposed to treating at sign of disease. A substantial proportion (61%) administered four or more treatments to lambs in a 'normal' year. Departures from best practice in anthelmintic administration that would encourage the development of anthelmintic resistance were observed. In conclusion, in the light of anthelmintic resistance, there is a need for a greater awareness of the principles that underpin the sustainable use of anthelmintics and practices that preserve anthelmintic efficacy should be given a very high priority in the design of helminth control programmes on each farm. To this end, given that veterinary practitioners and agricultural advisors were considered to be the farmer's most popular information resource, the capacity of these professions to communicate information relating to best practice in parasite control should be targeted.
A HACCP-based approach to mastitis control in dairy herds. Part 2: Implementation and evaluation
Authors: Beekhuis-Gibbon Lies , Devitt Catherine , Whyte Paul , O'Grady Luke , More Simon J , Redmond Bairbre , Quin Suzanne , Doherty Michael L 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPart 1 of the study described the development of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) based programme and accompanying handbook for the control of mastitis. This paper describes the implementation and evaluation of customised HACCP-based programmes, which were developed from the handbook and assessed on six Irish dairy farms. Both quantitative and qualitative (action research) research methodologies were used to measure the success of implementation and efficacy of control of sub-clinical mastitis as measured by Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) and the degree of compliance by farmers in adopting and maintaining recommendations throughout the course of the study period. No overall differences in SCC before and during the implementation of the study were found when all six farms were considered together. Three of the six study farms experienced a significant decrease in herd milk recorded SCC during the implementation of the control programme. An essential part of the study was achieving initial agreement on recommendations as well as ongoing monitoring of compliance during the study. This pilot study shows that HACCP can be implemented on farms as a means of working towards the control of mastitis and that farmer attitude, and understanding of mastitis are crucial in terms of motivation irrespective of practical approaches used to manage mastitis.