bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Heteroaromatic Halides, in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Krasovskiy Arkady , Thome Isabelle , Graff Julien , Krasovskaya Valeria , Konopelski Paul , Duplais Christophe , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOrgano zinc halides, readily generated from water‐insoluble hetaryl bromides, react under optimized conditions with a variety of alkyl halides in water using a hydrophilic Pd‐catalyst and a commercially available amphiphilic phase transfer catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Halohydrofurans via Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation/Halocyclization of Cyclopropyl Methanols with Water and Electrophilic Halides.
Authors: Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Kothandaraman Prasath , Rao Weidong , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt provides a mild, straightforward, and efficient method to prepare various 3‐halohydrofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 3‐ and 5‐Triflyloxy‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates in the Synthesis of Condensed Pyrazoles by Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Arbaciauskiene Egle , Vilkauskaite Gyte , Sackus Algirdas , Holzer Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe triflates (I) and (XI) serve as starting compounds for the synthesis of pyrazolopyridines, pyranopyrazoles, or the unexpected tetracyclic system (X).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Protocol for the Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzoxazoles by Oxidation with o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) and Its Application in the Synthesis of Arylbenzoxazole‐Containing Amino Acids.
Authors: Chen Fei , Shen Chengjie , Yang Dan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe method is successfully extended amino acids (V) with interesting fluorescent properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles via Multicomponent Condensation in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Khurana Jitender M. , Nand Bhaskara , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: June 2011

Abstract21 Title compounds of type (IV) or (VI) are prepared by a four‐component cyclocondensation reaction in [bmim]BF4 using L‐proline as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Method for Three‐Component Synthesis of Spirooxindoles in Aqueous and Solvent‐Free Media.
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Foroughifar Naser , Fard Mohammad Ali Bodaghi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeveral spiro compounds of type (IV), (VI), (VIII), (X) are prepared in aqueous medium from isatin (I), activated methylene compounds (II) and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (III), (V), (VII), or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions: Efficient and Selective Synthesis of 4H‐Chromenes and Naphthalenes.
Authors: Malakar Chandi C. , Schmidt Dietmar , Conrad Juergen , Beifuss Uwe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of chromenes (III) and (V) can also be carried out in DMA with comparable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Coumestan Derivatives via FeCl3‐Mediated Oxidative Ring Closure of 4‐Hydroxy Coumarins.
Authors: Tang Lina , Pang Yongle , Yan Qiao , Shi Liuqing , Huang Jianhui , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe reaction allows convenient and efficient access to a number of coumestan derivatives which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Transesterification of (.+‐.)‐6‐Benzyloxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐ylm ethanol Catalyzed by the Amano PS Lipase in the Ionic Liquid [bmim] PF6.
Authors: Shafikov R. V. , Spivak A. Yu. , Odinokov V. N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe chiral benzopyran ((S)‐(—)‐I) represents a key intermediate for the synthesis of α‐tocopherol and α‐tocotrienol.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions of Thiophthalic Anhydrides with Alkynes.
Authors: Inami Tasaku , Baba Yoko , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDepending on the reaction conditions, in particular on the phosphine ligands, various sulfur‐containing heterocyclic compounds are generated.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route for Synthesis of 2‐Alkylamino Benzo[b]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one.
Authors: Cao Min Hui , Xu Sheng Zhen , Chen Chang Shui 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAza‐Wittig reaction of phosphorane (I) with isocyanates (II) provide carbodiimides which react with amines to give guanidine intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Products of the Ugi Reaction of Aldehydo and Keto Carboxylic Acids: Chemoselective Modification.
Authors: Tsaloev Alan , Ilyin Alexei , Tkachenko Sergey , Ivachtchenko Alexandre , Kravchenko Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBased on the three‐component reaction of carboxylic acid (I) with amines and isonitriles, a synthesis of lactam amides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Fluorescein Analogue, TokyoMagenta, as a Novel Scaffold for Fluorescence Probes in Red Region.
Authors: Egawa Takahiro , Koide Yuichiro , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Komatsu Toru , Terai Takuya , Nagano Tetsuo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe new Si‐substituted fluorescence probe (Ia) possesses a high off/on activation ratio with a large red shift and a strong fluorescence intensity.
ChemInform Abstract: New C14‐Surfactin Methyl Ester from the Marine Bacterium Bacillus pumilus KMM 456
Authors: Zhuravleva O. I. , Afiyatullov Sh. Sh. , Ermakova S. P. , Nedashkovskaya O. I. , Dmitrenok P. S. , Denisenko V. A. , Kuznetsova T. A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of the new cyclic depsipeptide (I), together with eight earlier described surfactins
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antitubercular Activity of New Dithiocarbamate Sugar Derivatives.
Authors: Takii Takemasa , et al. et al. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOptimization of the anti‐tubercular activity of the previously synthesized lead compound (VIb) includes the replacement of the N,N‐dimethyldithiocarbamate group by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and the acetyl group at C—2 by hydrogen or propyl, butyl, benzyl and oleic acid groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthetic Entry to Cleavamine‐Type Indole Alkaloids by a Ring‐Closing Metathesis—Vinyl Halide Heck Cyclization Strategy.
Authors: Bennasar M.‐Lluisa , Sole Daniel , Zulaica Ester , Alonso Sandra 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe total synthesis of cleavamine (VIII) and dihydrocleavamine (IX) is completed in 10 steps via 8 isolated intermediates starting from tryptophol (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and DNA‐Binding Properties of Nitrogen and Sulfur Heterocyclic Norcantharidin Acylamide Acid.
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Yunyun , Wang Xiaoxia , Zheng Xiaoliang , Yan Dongmei , Lin Qiuyue 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAmong the new norcantharidin acylamide acids synthesized, compound (VII) shows the highest antiproliferative activities against human hepatoma cells SMMC7721 in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanostructures: Synthesis, Field‐Emission and Photodetection
Authors: Zhai Tianyou , Li Liang , Ma Ying , Liao Meiyong , Wang Xi , Fang Xiaosheng , Yao Jiannian , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReview: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cumulene Rearrangements: Ketene—Ketene, Isocyanate—Isocyanate, Thioketene—Ketene, Imidoylketene—Ketenimine, and Ketene—Allene Rearrangements
Authors: Wentrup Curt , Finnerty Justin J. , Koch Rainer 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReview: 85 refs.
Buoyancy‐driven Mixing Studies of Natural Circulation Flows using Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model Experiments and CFD
Authors: Höhne Thomas , Kliem Sören , Rohde Ulrich 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCoolant mixing in the cold leg, downcomer and the lower plenum of pressurized water reactors is an important phenomenon mitigating the reactivity insertion into the core. Therefore, mixing of the deborated slugs with the ambient coolant in the reactor pressure vessel was investigated at the four loop 1:5‐scaled Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model (ROCOM) mixing test facility. Thermalhydraulics analyses showed that weakly borated condensate can accumulate in particular in the pump loop seal of those loops, which do not receive safety injection. After refilling of the primary circuit, natural circulation in the stagnant loops can re‐establish simultaneously and the deborated slugs are shifted towards the reactor pressure vessel. In the ROCOM experiments, the length of the flow ramp and the initial density difference between the slugs and the ambient coolant was varied. From the test matrix experiments with 0 and 2 % density differences between the deborated slugs and the ambient coolant were used to validate the CFD software ANSYS CFX. To model the effects of turbulence on the mean flow a higher order Reynolds stress turbulence model was employed and a mesh consisting of 6.4 million hybrid elements was utilized. Only the experiments and CFD calculations with modeled density differences show stratification in the downcomer. Depending on the degree of density differences the less dense slugs flow around the core barrel at the top of the downcomer. At the opposite side the lower borated coolant is entrained by the colder safety injection water and transported to the core. The validation proves that ANSYS CFX is able to simulate appropriately the flow field and mixing effects of coolant with different densities.
Two approaches in preparation for cogeneration α‐tocopherol and biodiesel from cottonseed
Authors: Zhu Qing‐Li , Zang Lian‐Yun , Zhang Ling , Yun Zhi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA two‐step process and a direct alkaline transesterification process in preparation for cogeneration α‐tocopherol and biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) from cottonseeds were studied in this article. The effects of some factors on recovery of α‐tocopherol and conversion of cottonseed oil (triacylglycerols, TAGs) to biodiesel in the two processes were systematically studied by single factor experiments and orthogonal design method. In the two‐step process, α‐tocopherol and biodiesel were produced from extraction with two‐phase solvent followed by base‐catalysed transesterification. Approximately 95.5% TAGs was converted into biodiesel, and 1.008 mg/g (wet basis) α‐tocopherol was detected on the condition: 1:3 petroleum ether/methanol volume rate, 40°C extraction temperature; 7:1 methanol/cottonseed oil molar ratio, 1.1% KOH (w/v) concentration in methanol and 60°C esterification temperature. And in the direct alkaline transesterification reaction, 98.3% conversion of TAGs and 0.986 mg/g content of α‐tocopherol could be achieved at 60°C in 2 h. Both of the two processes were feasible from the economic point of view for further utilisation of cottonseed. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
A practical equation of state for non‐spherical and asymmetric systems for application at high pressures. Part 2: Extension to mixtures
Authors: du Rand Marlie , Nieuwoudt Izak , Schwarz Cara E. , Knoetze Johannes H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn part I of this series the pure component PHCT‐DNSK equation of state (EOS) was presented. In this paper the EOS is extended to describe mixtures, particularly asymmetric mixtures containing one or more low molecular weight spherical compound together with one or more high molecular weight chain‐like compound. The EOS utilises theoretically correct mixing rules and is generally able to predict the correct trends quantitatively for binary mixtures, and in most cases outperform other EOSs. With the use of a small, temperature independent, interaction parameter the EOS is able to predict the phase behaviour of the investigated systems qualitatively. The EOS is able to predict the phase behaviour of a multi‐component system containing one or more light components and a range of heavy hydrocarbons with improved accuracy compared to other EOSs at reduced computational times. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
A note on the Buckingham equation
Authors: Ihle Christian F. , Tamburrino Aldo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFriction losses of the laminar flow of a Bingham plastic fluid through a pipe is characterised by a friction factor, f, which depends on two dimensionless parameters, the Reynolds and the Bingham numbers. The relationship is a fourth degree equation for f, named after Buckingham (1921). In this short communication, we present a novel expression for its only physically meaningful solution, which is easier to handle than those presented previously by other authors.
Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung und, Green Chemistry im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Burmeister Mareike , Jokmin Sebastian , Eilks Ingo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeit 2005 befinden wir uns in der UN‐Weltdekade ,Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BnE)‘. Parallel dazu befindet sich der Chemieunterricht in einer Phase großer Veränderungen durch Bildungsstandards, neue Lehrpläne oder Forderungen nach veränderten Methoden. Auffällig ist aber, dass trotz der enormen Bedeutung der Chemie für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung die erziehungswissenschaftliche Reformbewegung für BnE und die Innovation des Chemieunterrichts nur wenig miteinander verzahnt sind. Dieser Aufsatz möchte hier einen Brückenschlag herstellen. Zudem beschreibt er ein WebQuest, das helfen kann, diese Verbindung auch im Chemieunterricht oder der Lehrerbildung zu thematisieren.
Outcome of Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Elderly and the Very Elderly: Insights From the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium
Authors: Thomas Michael P. , Moscucci Mauro , Smith Dean E. , Aronow Herb , Share David , Kraft Phillip , Gurm Hitinder S. ,   for the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:There is a paucity of data on the outcome of contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the elderly. Accordingly, we assessed the impact of age on outcome of a large cohort of patients undergoing PCI in a regional collaborative registry.Hypothesis:Increasing age is associated with a higher incidence of procedural‐related complications.Methods:We evaluated the outcome of 152373 patients who underwent PCI from 2003 to 2008 in the 31 hospitals participating in the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium. The procedural outcomes of the cohort were compared by dividing patients into <70 years of age, 70 to 79 years, 80 to 84 years, 85 to 89 years, and ≥90 years.Results:Of the cohort, 64.64% were <70 years of age, 23.83% were 70 to 79 years, 7.85% were 80 to 84 years, 3.09% were 85 to 89 years, and 0.58% were 90 years or older. Increasing age was associated with an increase in all‐cause in‐hospital mortality, contrast‐induced nephropathy, transfusion, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and vascular complications. The overall in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.09% and increased from 0.67% in those younger than 70 years up to 5.44% in those 90 years old or greater. The mortality rate in patients over 80 years approached 12% to 15% for those with ST‐segment myocardial infarction and 39% in cardiogenic shock patients.Conclusions:The proportion of elderly patients referred for PCI is increasing. Procedural complications increase with age, and patients presenting with unstable symptoms are at the highest risk. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Application of Agro‐Based Biomasses for Zinc Removal from Wastewater – A Review
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Mondal Prejit 
Published: June 2011

AbstractZinc remediation of aqueous streams is of special concern due to its highly toxic and persistent nature. Conventional treatment technologies for the removal of zinc are not economical and further generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption is emerging as a potential alternative to the existing conventional technologies for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Mechanisms involved in the biosorption process include chemisorption, complexation, adsorption–complexation on surface and pores, ion exchange, microprecipitation, heavy metal hydroxide condensation onto the bio surface, and surface adsorption. Biosorption largely depends on parameters such as pH, the initial metal ion concentration, biomass concentration, presence of various competitive metal ions in solution, and to a limited extent on temperature. Biosorption using biomass such as agricultural wastes, industrial residues, municipal solid waste, biosolids, food processing waste, aquatic plants, animal wastes, etc., is regarded as a cost‐effective technique for the treatment of high volume and low concentration complex wastewaters containing zinc metal. Very few reviews are available where readers can get an overview of the sorption capacities of agro based biomasses used for zinc remediation together with the traditional remediation methods. The purpose of this review article is to provide the scattered available information on various aspects of utilization of the agro based biomasses for zinc metal ions removal. An extensive table summarizes the sorption capacities of various adsorbents. These biosorbents can be modified using various methods for better efficiency and multiple reuses to enhance their applicability at industrial scale. We have incorporated most of the valuable available literature on zinc removal from waste water using agro based biomasses in this review.
Dye Removal, Energy Consumption and Operating Cost of Electrocoagulation of Textile Wastewater as a Clean Process
Authors: Dalvand Arash , Gholami Mitra , Joneidi Ahmad , Mahmoodi Niyaz Mohammad 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this research, the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process using aluminum electrodes to treat synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red198 (RR198) was studied. The effects of parameters such as voltage, time of reaction, electrode connection mode, initial dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, and inter electrode distance on dye removal efficiency were investigated. In addition, electrical energy consumption, electrode consumption, and operating cost at optimum condition have been investigated. The results showed that dye and chemical oxygen demand removals were 98.6 and 84%, respectively. Electrode consumption, energy consumption and operating cost were 0.052 kg/m3, 1.303 kWh/m3 and 0.256 US$/m3, respectively. Dye removal kinetic followed first order kinetics. It can be concluded that electrocoagulation process by aluminum electrode is very efficient and clean process for reactive dye removal from colored wastewater.
The Positive Effects of Nanoclay on the Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Kahrizak Clay Permeated With Landfill Leachate
Authors: Kananizadeh Negin , Ebadi Taghi , Khoshniat Seyed Alireza , Mousavirizi Seyed Ehsan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of nanoclay on permeability, swelling, compressive strength, and cation exchange capacity of a compacted Kahrizak landfill clay liner. The results show that 4% nanoclay significantly reduces permeability (3 × 10−9 to 7.74 × 10−11 cm/s in neutral, 3.66 × 10−9 to 7.9 × 10−10 cm/s in acidic, and 3.25 × 10−9 to 5.24 × 10−10 cm/s in alkaline condition), and increases compressive strength (by 36.28%) and the percentage of swelling (from 16.67 to 41.82, 23.33 to 45.45, and 15 to 38.18 at pH 7, 4.8, and 9, respectively) compare to raw clay samples. Moreover, the results of cation exchange capacity tests show that adding 4% nanoclay to the Kahrizak clay, permeated with landfill leachate, helps the sample maintain its mono‐valent ions between layers and remains dispersed. The results of SEM and XRD analyses show that by adding nanoclay, nanoclay clusters are formed in the sample; as a result, the interlayer spacing decreases which makes it remain dispersed. XRF analyses also demonstrate that by adding nanoclay to the mixture, the permeability and therefore, the amount of heavy metals which can penetrate into it decreases. The results justify the construction of clay barriers with nanoclay in order to prevent leachate penetration, and consequently reduce the operation costs.
Strategies for Successful ANAMMOX Enrichment at Laboratory Scale
Authors: Uyanik Sinan , Bekmezci Ozan K. , Yurtsever Adem 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStudies on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) have been increasing due to its advantages over traditional nitrification–denitrification systems. However, long and difficult start‐up periods of ANAMMOX reactors may sometimes be frustrating for researchers dealing with them first time in the lab. Therefore, a guide for starting up ANAMMOX reactors will greatly help them and enhance the use of this technology. Three trials, each has three reactors, have been carried out to reach successful start up in this study. An expected ANAMMOX enrichment could not be achieved in the first and second trials. Under the light of the experiences gained from the unsuccessful ones, the third trial resulted in >95% ammonium removals within 20–50 days. It is possible to startup or to enrich ANAMMOX reactors within 50 days by presented strategy guide.
Characterization of the gene structure, functional significance, and clinical application of RNF180, a novel gene in gastric cancer
Authors: Cheung Kin‐Fai , Lam Cleo N. Y. , Wu Kaichun , Ng Enders K. O. , Chong Wilson W. S. , Cheng Alfred S. L. , To Ka‐Fai , Fan Daiming , Sung Joseph J. Y. , Yu Jun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:By using genome‐wide methylation screening, the authors identified ring finger protein 180 (RNF180) as preferentially methylated in cancer. This study was undertaken to clarify its structure and functional role in gastric cancer.METHODS:The transcription start site and core functional promoter region of RNF180 were revealed by 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and luciferase activity assays. Promoter methylation was detected by combined bisulfite restriction analysis and bisulfite genomic sequencing. Cell growth was detected by colony formation assay, apoptosis by annexin V assay, and RNF180 target genes by cDNA microarray.RESULTS:The authors revealed the transcription start site of RNF180 gene and identified the functional core promoter region (−202/+372) in the CpG island, which could be silenced by in vitro methylation assay. RNF180 was silenced in 6 of 7 gastric cancer cell lines and significantly down‐regulated in primary gastric cancers compared with adjacent normal tissues (P = .001). Loss of gene expression was associated with promoter methylation. Re‐expression of RNF180 suppressed cell growth (P < .001) and induced apoptosis (P < .05), which were mediated by up‐regulating the antiproliferation regulators MTSS1 and CDKN2A and the proapoptotic mediator TIMP3. Promoter methylation of RNF180 was detected in 76% (150 of 198) of primary gastric cancers and 55% (11 of 20) of intestinal metaplasia, but in none of 23 normal gastric tissues. Methylated RNF180 DNA was detected in the plasma of 56% of gastric cancer patients, but not in healthy controls (P = .003). Patients with low or loss of RNF180 expression had significantly poorer overall survival.CONCLUSIONS:RNF180 is a novel potential tumor suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis and has potential clinical utility as a biomarker for gastric cancer patients. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.