bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Ferroelectrics: Fabrication and Structure–Property Relations
Authors: Han Hee , Kim Yunseok , Alexe Marin , Hesse Dietrich , Lee Woo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWith the continued demand for ultrahigh density ferroelectric data storage applications, it is becoming increasingly important to scale the dimension of ferroelectrics down to the nanometer‐scale region and to thoroughly understand the effects of miniaturization on the materials properties. Upon reduction of the physical dimension of the material, the change in physical properties associated with size reduction becomes extremely difficult to characterize and to understand because of a complicated interplay between structures, surface properties, strain effects from substrates, domain nucleation, and wall motions. In this Review, the recent progress in fabrication and structure‐property relations of nanostructured ferroelectric oxides is summarized. Various fabrication approaches are reviewed, with special emphasis on a newly developed stencil‐based method for fabricating ferroelectric nanocapacitors, and advantages and limitations of the processes are discussed. Stress‐induced evolutions of domain structures upon reduction of the dimension of the material and their implications on the electrical properties are discussed in detail. Distinct domain nucleation, growth, and propagation behaviors in nanometer‐scale ferroelectric capacitors are discussed and compared to those of micrometer‐scale counterparts. The structural effect of ferroelectric nanocapacitors on the domain switching behavior and cross‐talk between neighboring capacitors under external electric field is reviewed.
Using Psychodynamic Concepts to Measure Interpersonal Competencies during Social Work Training
Authors: Padykula Nora LaFond , Horwitz Mark 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTEmpathy and interpersonal skills are components of mentalizing and competencies that social work students are expected to acquire during training. Yet limited scientific data exists on factors that influence their attainment. This study was conducted to examine how social work training and individual attachment style are associated with two aspects of mentalization: reading non‐verbal communication and reflective thinking. Using a cross‐sectional design, 63 social work students participated in this internet‐based study. Results showed that regardless of the amount of exposure to social work training, students with an insecure style of attachment had significant deficits in their ability to accurately identify non‐verbal expression of thoughts and emotions. Additional results showed that social work training significantly influenced the use of higher order reflective thinking. These findings suggest that students bring an internal relational template with them that is associated with one's capacity for mentalization, specifically accurately interpreting interpersonal communication. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Maternal Diabetes‐Induced Cardiac Malformations During Critical Cardiogenesis Period
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDCardiac abnormalities, including atrioventricular (AV) septal defects (AVSDs), are the most common birth defects in diabetic embryopathy. The AV septum is derived from the endocardial cushions, which undergo development and remodeling during septation. The impact of maternal diabetes on these processes needs to be identified. Maternal diabetes disturbs the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The role of ER stress in cardiac malformation remains to be delineated to gain information for developing therapy.METHODSFemale mice were induced diabetic via intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Pregnant mice were made hyperglycemic at desired embryonic (E) days. AVSDs were examined histologically at E15.5. ER stress‐associated factors were examined and quantified using immunohistochemical and immunoblot assays at E10.5. The role of ER stress in endocardial cell migration was investigated by treating endocardial cushion explants that were cultured in high glucose with an organic chaperone molecule, sodium 4‐phenylbutyrate.RESULTSThe rate of AVSDs in the embryos that were exposed to maternal hyperglycemia during the period of endocardial cushion development was significantly higher than that in those during endocardial cushion remodeling. ER stress was increased in the hearts. Amelioration of ER stress restored endocardial cell migration under hyperglycemic conditions.CONCLUSIONSThe development, rather than remodeling, of the endocardial cushions is the cardiomorphogenic process that is susceptible to the insult of maternal hyperglycemia in the formation of AVSDs. Maternal diabetes increases ER stress in the developing heart. ER stress plays an essential role in mediating the effect of hyperglycemia on endocardial cell migration.
Ficuschlorins A – D, Lactone Chlorins from the Leaves of Ficus microcarpa
Authors: Lin Huan‐You , Chiu Hsi‐Lin , Lan Yu‐Hsuang , Tzeng Chih‐Ying , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Lee Ching‐Kuo , Shao Yi‐Yuan , Chen Chiy‐Rong , Chang Chi‐I , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFour new lactone chlorins, ficuschlorins A – D (1–4, resp.), and six known pheophytins were isolated from the leaves of Ficus microcarpa. The structures of these compounds were determined by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy, and other techniques. New natural pheophytins were rarely obtained. In the past ten years, only three new pheophytins were isolated from natural sources.
A New Ferulic Acid Ester, a New Ellagic Acid Derivative, and Other Constituents from Pachycentria formosana: Effects on Neutrophil Pro‐Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Cho Jui‐Ying , Lee Tzong‐Huei , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Yang Sheng‐Zehn , Chen Ih‐Sheng , Chou Tsung‐Hsien , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Chen Jih‐Jung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new ferulic acid ester derivative, tetracosane‐1,24‐diyl di[(Z)‐ferulate] (1), and a new ellagic acid derivative, 3,4 : 3′,4′‐bis(O,O‐methylene)ellagic acid (2), have been isolated from leaves and twigs of Pachycentria formosana, together with eight known compounds. Their structures were determined by in‐depth spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses. Among the isolated compounds, oleanolic acid (6), ursolic acid acetate (7), and 3‐epibetulinic acid (9) exhibited potent inhibition (IC50 values ≤21.8 μM) of O2⋅− generation by human neutrophils in response to N‐formyl‐L‐methionyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). In addition, oleanolic acid (6), 3‐O‐[(E)‐feruloyl]ursolic acid (8), 3‐epibetulinic acid (9), and lawsonic acid (10) also inhibited fMLP/CB‐induced elastase release with IC50 values ≤18.6 μM.
Chemistry and Structural Biology of DNA Damage and Biological Consequences
Authors: Stone Michael P. , Huang Hai , Brown Kyle L. , Shanmugam Ganesh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe formation of adducts by the reaction of chemicals with DNA is a critical step for the initiation of carcinogenesis. The structural analysis of various DNA adducts reveals that conformational and chemical rearrangements and interconversions are a common theme. Conformational changes are modulated both by the nature of adduct and the base sequences neighboring the lesion sites. Equilibria between conformational states may modulate both DNA repair and error‐prone replication past these adducts. Likewise, chemical rearrangements of initially formed DNA adducts are also modulated both by the nature of adducts and the base sequences neighboring the lesion sites. In this review, we focus on DNA damage caused by a number of environmental and endogenous agents, and biological consequences.
Development and Progress in Solar Cooling Technologies with Sorption Systems
Authors: Albers Jan , Kühn Annett , Petersen Stefan , Ziegler Felix 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSorption cooling technologies are well known as energy efficient cooling supplying apparatuses where heat as driving energy is used from waste heat sources, trigeneration systems (engines), solar thermal plants, etc. Especially in the air‐conditioning business often a strong correlation exists between insolation and cooling requirement. Therefore, the interest in solar cooling systems prevails since several decades. Some hundred systems have been installed all over the world and operate, some satisfactorily and some others not. However, no really cost‐competitive system for widespread application exists. A step forward can only be expected by innovative design of collectors or chillers, by improved system integration and enhanced control strategies, or by expanded application, e.g., the use as a heat pump in the heating period as well. The state of the art was reported several times. Here three important topics are highlighted: the role of collector and process development, the primary energy demand (in combination with the conventional back‐up system and auxiliary energy needs), and the role of the double use of the system during summer and winter time (i.e. collectors for both heat and cold, sorption apparatus as chiller and heat pump). The paper is focusing on solar air conditioning rather than solar refrigeration.
Estimation of Local Aging Effects of Three‐Way‐Catalysts by Analysis of their Spatial Temperature Profile in Operation
Authors: Mladenov Nikolay M. , Tischer Steffen , Deutschmann Olaf 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie exotherme chemische Umsetzung des Abgases verursacht in der monolithischen Struktur technischer Dreiwegekatalysatoren einen lokal und zeitlich variierenden Wärmeeintrag, der zu charakteristischen radialen und axialen Temperaturprofilen führt. Auf einem Motorprüfstand gemessene Temperaturprofile für stationär und dynamisch mit Realabgasen sowie homogen mit heißem Inertgas gealterte Dreiwegekatalysatoren werden mit denen frischer Katalysatoren verglichen. Die experimentell ermittelten Temperaturprofile können mittels numerischer Simulation des Wärme‐ und Stofftransportes und der chemischen Umsätze durch Variation der lokalen Dispersion der katalytischen Aktivkomponente ohne Kenntnis der konkreten Alterungsgeschichte des Katalysators wiedergegeben werden. Damit kann man aus dem lokalen Wärmeeintrag, bestimmbar durch Messung von Temperaturprofilen, direkt auf die lokale Katalysatordeaktivierung, ausgedrückt durch die verminderte lokale Dispersion, schließen.
Testing uniform colour spaces and colour‐difference formulae using printed samples
Authors: Huang Min , Liu Haoxue , Cui Guihua , Luo M. Ronnier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA grey‐scale psychophysical experiment was carried out for evaluating colour differences using printed colour patches. In total, 446 pairs of printed samples were prepared surrounding 17 colour centers recommended by the CIE with an average δE of 3 units. Each pair was assessed 27 times by nine observers. The visual results were used to test some selected more advanced colour‐difference formulae and uniform colour spaces. The results showed that CIELAB and OSA performed the worst, and the advanced formulae and spaces gave quite satisfactory performance such as CIEDE2000, CIE94, DIN99d, CAM02‐UCS, and OSA‐GP‐Eu. The colour discrimination ellipses were used to compare with those of the earlier studies. The results showed that they agreed well with each other. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Ni‐2,3‐thiophenedithiolate Anions in New Architectures: An In‐Line Mixed‐Valence Ni Dithiolene (Ni4–S12) Cluster
Authors: Neves Ana I. S. , Santos Isabel C. , Pereira Laura C. J. , Rovira Concepció , Ruiz Eliseo , Belo Dulce , Almeida Manuel 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA family of salts that was based on the [Ni(α‐tpdt)x]n–anions (α‐tpdt = 2,3‐thiophenedithiolate) and the K+crown‐ether cations were prepared and were then structurally and magnetically characterised. In [K(18‐crown‐6)][Ni(α‐tpdt)2], the anion has a square planar coordination geometry with ligand disorder and the cations and anions are segregated in alternating layers in the crystal structure, as was found in the previous [Ni(α‐tpdt)2]–salts. Two salts were obtained with the [K(15‐crown‐5)2]+cation. The expected 1:1 salt was obtained, which had the usual anion square planar coordination geometry for [Ni(α‐tpdt)2]–but that had a new molecular arrangement based on an anion double chain. In addition, a 2:1 salt was obtained, which had a new anionic geometry, namely, [Ni4(α‐tpdt)6]2–, which is an unprecedented example of an in‐line mixed‐valence Ni4dithiolene (Ni4–S12) cluster. A compound with an eight‐membered tetrasulfide ring, namely a bis(thiophene‐2,3‐diyl) bis(sulfide), was also obtained. The salts that are based on the paramagnetic [Ni(α‐tpdt)2]–anion presented interesting magnetic properties that resulted from the competition between the antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) interactions with a low‐temperature cluster glass behaviour, which was associated with thecis‐transligand disorder.
Total Synthesis of α‐Linked Rha–Rha–Gal Undecaprenyl Diphosphate Found in Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Holkenbrink Annika , Koester Dennis C. , Kaschel Johannes , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA (2+1) glycosylation approach was employed to construct the core structure of a trisaccharide found in the soil bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The phospholipid was assembled by the reaction of a peracetylated trisaccharide bearing an anomeric hydroxy group with phosphoramidite and subsequent oxidation to the phosphate. The final coupling step with undecaprenyl monophosphate followed by global acetate deprotection completed the total synthesis of the highly amphiphilic target molecule.
Determination of Dissolved Zn(II) and Cd(II) in Estuarine Water by Using a Bismuth Film Microelectrode
Authors: de Souza Ana P. R. , Salles Maiara O. , Braga Elisabete S. , Bertotti Mauro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA bismuth‐film electrode was employed to quantify Cd(II) and Zn(II) in estuarine water samples by anodic stripping voltammetry. The bismuth film was deposited in situ simultaneously with the analytes onto a carbon fibre disc microelectrode (radius=3 µm). Under the optimised conditions, calibration plots for both metallic ions were obtained in the range from 0.5 to 10.0 nmol L−1 and the limits of detection for Cd(II) and Zn(II) were estimated as 0.03 and 0.8 nmol L−1, respectively. The accuracy of the results supplied by the bismuth film microelectrode (BiFME) was assessed by performing addition‐recovery experiments and by comparing values with those obtained with a certified sample. The usefulness of the methodology was demonstrated by applying the BiFME to measuring the Cd(II) and Zn(II) content in estuarine water.
Amperometric Detection of Ranitidine Using Glassy Carbon Modified with Ruthenium Oxide Hexacyanoferrate Adapted in a Flow Injection System
Authors: de Araújo William R. , Paixão Thiago R. L.C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA simple analytical method for ranitidine quantification was developed based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of ranitidine on a glassy carbon electrode modified by electrochemical deposition of ruthenium oxide hexacyanoferrate. Under optimal experimental conditions, the peak current response increases linearly with a ranitidine concentration over the range of 1.25–7.50 µmol L−1. The detection limit of the method was estimated to be 25 nmol L−1. The proposed method improves the analytical parameters obtained by other electroanalytical methods for the quantification of this drug, and it was employed for quantification of ranitidine in 3 commercial samples, the results being in agreement with those obtained by the manufactures.
Electrochemical Behaviors of Single Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Lakbub Jude , Pouliwe Antibe , Kamasah Alexander , Yang Cheng , Sun Peng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the electrochemical behaviors of a single gold nanoparticle attached on a nanometer sized electrode have been studied. The single nanoparticle was characterized by using electrochemical methods. Since there is only one nanoparticle on the electrode, unarguable information for that sized particle could be obtained. Our preliminary results show that it becomes more difficult to oxidize gold nanoparticle or reduce gold nanoparticle oxide as the radius of the particle becomes smaller. Also, the peak potential of the reduction of gold nanoparticle oxide is proportional to the reciprocal of the radius of the particle.
Visual functioning and quality of life among the older people in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Jason C. S. , Kwok Timothy C. Y. , Chan Dicken C. C. , Yuen Kay W. K. , Kwok Anthony W. L. , Choy Dicky T. K. , Lau Edith M. C. , Leung P. C. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association of visual functioning and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among the older community in Hong Kong.DesignThis study used the baseline examination of a cohort study MrOs and MsOs (a large study for osteoporosis in men and women).SettingThis study was set in the Hong Kong community.ParticipantsA total of 4000 ambulatory community‐dwelling Chinese men and women aged 65 years or above participated in this study.MeasurementsHealth‐related quality of life was assessed by Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐12 (SF‐12), with physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Demographics, medical history, mental status, and quality of life were obtained from face‐to‐face interviews, using standard structured questionnaire. Visual functions (i.e., binocular visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis) were assessed by different visual tests after refraction corrections. Different visual functions were tested simultaneously in multiple ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsBetter binocular visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis were associated with higher PCS. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was associated with PCS after adjustment of different visual functions and sex, age, education level, cognitive status, and history of diabetes in multivariate analysis, (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54 0.98) for low vision (≤6/24) compared with ≥6/9 in visual acuity and (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09 1.64) for contrast sensitivity row b 5–8 (best) compared with 0–1 (worst). MCS was only associated with visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, but no association was found after adjustment.ConclusionApparent association was found between visual functions and HRQOL among older community in Hong Kong. In addition to visual acuity, contrast sensitivity is also important, so eye care should also cover. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Xestospongienols A–L, Brominated Acetylenic Acids from the Chinese Marine Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria
Authors: Liu Dong , Xu Jing , Jiang Wei , Deng Zhiwei , de Voogd Nicole J. , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractChemical examination of the Chinese marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria resulted in the isolation and characterization of twelve new brominated acetylenic acids, namely xestospongienols A–L (1a–1d, 2a–2d, and 3a–3d), together with the known analog 4. The structures of xestospongienols A–L were determined on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, IR, and MS analysis in association with the modified Mosher method. The structural patterns are characteristic of brominated unbranched C16‐alkyl chains containing polyene and acetylene moieties.
New Cytochalasins from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Xylaria sp. SCSIO 156
Authors: Chen Ziming , Huang Hongbo , Chen Yuchan , Wang Zhongwen , Ma Junying , Wang Bo , Zhang Weimin , Zhang Changsheng , Ju Jianhua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo new cytochalasins, 18‐deoxycytochalasin Q (1) and 21‐O‐deacetylcytochalasin Q (2), together with four known analogues, cytochalasin Q (3), 19,20‐epoxycytochalasin Q (4), 21‐O‐deacetyl‐19,20‐epoxycytochalasin Q (5), and cytochalasin D (6), were isolated from the fungus Xylaria sp. SCSIO156 originated from the South China Sea marine sediment. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by MS and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data analyses, and comparison with known compounds. The known compounds 3–6 were identified by comparison of their MS and NMR data with those reported in the literature. In the in vitro antitumor assay, compounds 2–6 showed mild cytotoxicity against three tumor cell lines (MCF‐7, SF‐268, and NCI‐H460).
A Simple Synthesis of 5‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazoles
Authors: Janjić Monika , Prebil Rok , Grošelj Uroš , Kralj David , Malavašič Črt , Golobič Amalija , Stare Katarina , Dahmann Georg , Stanovnik Branko , Svete Jurij 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA four‐step synthesis of 1‐substituted 5‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazoles 5 as a novel type of histamine analogs and versatile building blocks for further transformations was developed. The synthesis starts from commercially available 2‐nitroacetophenone (12), which is converted into the enamino ketone 13 as the key intermediate. Cyclization of the key intermediate 13 with monosubstituted hydrazines 14a–14l afforded the 5‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazoles 17a–17l. Finally, catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro compounds 17a, 17c–17e, and 17g–17j furnished the title compounds 5a, 5c–5e, and 5g–5j, respectively, in good yields. As demonstrated by some further transformations, additional functionalization of compounds 17 and 5 is feasible, either by electrophilic substitution at C(4) of the pyrazole ring, or at the NH2 group.
Novel Benzyl‐ or 4‐Cyanobenzyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic (Bromo)(carbene)silver(I) and (Carbene)(chloro)gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis and Preliminary Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Patil Siddappa , Deally Anthony , Hackenberg Frauke , Kaps Leonard , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Schobert Rainer , Tacke Matthias 
Published: September 2011

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes bromo(1,3‐dibenzyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)silver(I) (2a), bromo[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene]silver(I) (2b), and bromo[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene]silver(I) (2c) were prepared by the reaction of 1,3‐dibenzyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bromide (1a), 3‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium bromide (1b), and 3‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐1‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐3‐ium bromide (1c), respectively, with silver(I) oxide. NHC Complexes chloro(1,3‐dibenzyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)gold(I) (3a), chloro[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene]gold(I) (3b), and chloro[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene]gold(I) (3c) were prepared via transmetallation of corresponding (bromo)(NHC)silver(I) complexes with chloro(dimethylsulfido)gold(I). The complex 3a was characterized in two polymorphic forms by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction showing two rotamers in the solid state. The cytotoxicities of all three bromo(NHC)silver(I) complexes and three (chloro)(NHC)gold(I) complexes were investigated through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bormide (MTT)‐based preliminary in vitro testing on the Caki‐1 cell line in order to determine their IC50 values. (Bromo)(NHC)silver(I) complexes 2a–2c and (chloro)(NHC)gold(I) complexes 3a–3c were found to have IC50 values of 27±2, 28±2, 34±6, 10±1, 12±5, and 12±3 μM, respectively, on the Caki‐1 cell line.