bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE FOLLOWING ORAL SALBUTAMOL TREATMENT IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Wager J. , Lunell N. O. , Nadal M. , Östman J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Previous studies in pregnancy have shown that in‐travenous infusion of beta‐sympathomimetic drugs, such as salbutamol, is followed by pronounced carbohydrate and lipid metabolic effects. Similar effects, though less pro‐nounced, have also been demonstrated after oral salbutamol administration.Glucose elimination and insulin response after an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were analyzed in 12 women treated with oral salbutamol in the last trimester of pregnancy. IVGTT was performed without salbutamol and after at least 10 and up to 45 days of salbutamol treatment.No significant difference in either glucose elimination or insulin response to the glucose load were observed as a consequence of the salbutamol medication. This is in agreement with previous studies of other beta2‐sympathomimetic drugs and indicates that the use of salbutamol in late pregnancy does not give rise to serious disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women.
SYMPHYSIS‐FUNDUS MEASUREMENT IN PREDICTION OF FETAL GROWTH DISTURBANCES
Authors: Wallin A. , Gyllenswärd Å , Westin B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Graphic supervision of pregnancy by symphysis‐fundus (SF) tape measurement was introduced in an area of north Stockholm in 1972. Subsequently a considerable and persistent drop in perinatal mortality was seen. SF‐tape measurements reflect the fetal growth and correlate well with fetal crown‐rump length. Over a 2‐year period SF‐growth data were collected for all infants admitted to the neonatal unit in the area. In all, 812 singletons were studied. Maternal smoking habits in the first trimester were recorded. A group of 283 normal neonates served as controls. A highly significant statistical difference was found on comparing the mean birth weights of infants associated with high, “normal”, and low and/or static SF‐curves from 34 weeks of gestation and onwards. The sensitivity in detecting LGA infants by high SF‐curves was 74%, with a specificity of 84%. The proportion of mothers with uncertain expected dates of confinement (EDC) was high among those having “normal” SF‐curves, yet giving birth to SGA infants. After correction for gestational age, the SF‐curves adjusted for dates were in most cases low and/or static during the weeks prior to delivery. The sensitivity and specificity would thereby have increased to 95% and 93%, respectively, in detecting SGA infants had their dates been certain.Maternal smoking showed an overall incidence of 37% in the first trimester. No increase in incidence was seen among mothers to preterm infants. There was as could be expected a highly increased ratio of smoking mothers to infants with birth weight less than 1 S.D., regardless of gestational age.SF‐tape measurement is recommended as a graphic method of supervising pregnancy for the detection of accelerated and retarded fetal growth. Early and correct determination of gestational age, however, is a prerequisite.
Infertility and Uterine Colonization with uReaplasma Urealyticum
Authors: Stray‐Pedersen Babill , Bruu Anne‐Lise , Molne Kaare 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Samples of cervical mucus and endometrial tissue from 379 women who were infertile for various reasons were examined for the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, and the results were compared with those obtained in 40 fertile women.In the cervical samples U. urealyticum was present in about half of the women in both groups, whereas positive cultures from the endometrium were obtained significantly more often among the infertile patients (26%) than among the controls (7.5%). Between the different infertility subgroups (unaccountable infertility, infertility caused by tubal abnormalities, husband infertility and other known causes) no significant differences were found.The presence of U. urealyticum in the endometrium was asymptomatic and was not related to prior pelvic inflammatory disease. In 14% of the Ureaplasma‐positive endometria, aerobic or anaerobic bacteria were demonstrated.A treatment trial was also included in the study, but did not arrive at any definite conclusion as to the specific role of endometrial Ureaplasma colonization in infertility.
Human Fetal Breathing and Gross Body Activity Relative to Maternal Meals During insulin‐dependent pregnancy
Authors: Wladimiroff J. W. , Roodenburg P. J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Measurement of the percentage incidence of fetal breathing and gross body movements as well as of maternal blood glucose concentration was carried out in 12 insulin‐dependent diabetic pregnant women and 12 normal controls between 33 and 37 weeks of gestation. The observation period was related to the three meal times.In diabetics no diurnal variation in pre‐prandial fetal breathing activity was observed whereas in normal controls fetal breathing incidence was significantly higher before evening dinner than before breakfast. Immediately following lunch and dinner, fetal breathing demonstrated a significantly lower incidence in diabetics than in normals. Since no significant difference in maternal blood glucose concentration was found between the two groups, it is suggested that other factors relative to carbohydrate metabolism may also be involved in the regulation of fetal breathing in diabetes. Fetal gross body activity in diabetics vs. normals did not differ essentially and demonstrated no correlation with the maternal blood glucose levels.
A clinical evaluation of treatment with estriol vaginal cream versus suppository in postmenopausal women
Authors: Mattsson Lars‐ÅKe , Cullberg GÖRan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Thirty postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy were treated with a vaginal cream or vaginal suppositories containing 0.5 rag estriol (OvestinR, Organon, The Netherlands). The preparations were given daily for 14 days and then during the next 6 weeks a maintenance dose was applied twice a week.Cervical mucus, vaginal cytology and the endometrium were studied. Blood samples were analysed for unconjugat‐ed and conjugated estriol, FSH, LH, prolactin and sex hormone binding globulin capacity, before and after 2 weeks of treatment. Subjective relief of vaginal symptoms was reported by all patients. Restoration of vaginal mucosa was confirmed by colposcopy. Some women noted a feeling of transient “vaginal heat” during the first days of treatment; otherwise no side effects were reported.Higher values for Spinnbarkeit, ferning and karyopyk‐notic index were found for the cream group on day 14. No endometrial stimulation was detected as judged by light microscopy in any of the samples. No significant differences between the preparations were found for any of the hormone variables, or sex hormone binding globulin capacity, except for prolactin levels after 2 weeks of treatment. Possible reasons for the disparity between the two preparations regarding peripheral variables are discussed.
Peripheral Hormone Levels and the Endometrial Condition in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Brody S. , Carlström K. , von Uexküll A.‐K. , Lagrelius A. , Lunell N.‐O. , Rosenborg L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Thirteen postmenopausal women with benign endometrial changes including proliferative, secretory and polypous endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and atypia (group I) and 13 randomly selected age‐matched controls with normal atrophic endometrium (group II) were studied with respect to serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS), testosterone, total estrone, estradiol‐17β, progesterone, FSH and prolactin. Serum levels of DHA, DHAS, testosterone and total estrone were significantly higher in group I than in group II; otherwise no significant differences Were found. Mean values for body weight and for Broca's index, respectively, were almost identical in the two groups.It is speculated that the adrenal androgens may affect the endometrium in two ways, viz. via peripheral conversion to estrogens and/or via direct interaction with endometrial steroid receptors. The results give further support to the hypothesis of an association between adrenocortical hyper‐activity and endometrial abnormalities including endometrial carcinoma.
The 24‐Hour Rhythmicity of birth
Authors: Glattre Eystein , Bjerkedal Tor 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The incidence of birth has been determined for each hour of the day for all births in Norway in 1968–1977 of fetuses of 16 weeks of gestation or older, with resident mothers. The 24‐hour incidence variations of births (A) with spontaneous onset and parturition, (B) with spontaneous onset, but delivery intervention, (C) with induced onset, but spontaneous birth, and (D) with induced onset and delivery intervention, are all different.It is shown that the curve for the hourly incidence of birth category A coincides very well with previous results of other workers. When multiple births are excluded and category A is split into first and later births in Northern and Southern Norway, dissimilarities arise between the respective 24‐hour incidence curves.The results indicate that the 24‐hour birth incidence variation has an underlying endogenous, circadian rhythmicity ‐possibly synchronized by the sun.The 24‐hour rhythmicities of birth categories B, C and D seem to be purely exogenous ‐ reflecting the working activity rhythms of hospital obstetricians and midwives.
Supra Vaginal Uterine Amputation VS. Hysterectomy
Authors: Kilkku Pentti , Grönroos Matti , Hirvonen Toivo , Rauramo Lauri 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Postoperative symptoms of hysterectomy have received relatively little attention. In the present study, the first author has personally interviewed and examined 105 abdominal hysterectomy patients and 107 patients with sup‐ravaginal uterine amputation preoperatively and 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Participation in the follow‐up study was 99.5% (211/212) at one year. This paper deals with the effects of the two operations on libido and the frequency of orgasms. In the statistical analysis, McNemar's test of symmetry and the Fisher exact test were used.Weak or absent libido was reported preoperatively by 28.0% of hysterectomy patients and by 26.4% of amputation patients. One year postoperatively the corresponding figures were 35.4% and 31.4%. No statistical changes were observed between the two groups or within either group. In the frequency of orgasms a highly significant (p < 0.001) reduction from the situation before operation to one year postoperatively was detected after hysterectomy. In the supravaginal amputation group no statistically significant decrease was detected. Preoperatively the two groups were alike; one year postoperatively the difference was almost significant (p<0.05).The reductions in orgasms after hysterectomy as compared with supravaginal amputation appears to result from the greater radicality of the former; at hysterectomy, the autonomous innervation of the proximal vagina and cervix is damaged more than in supravaginal amputation, the anatomy of the vagina is altered and scar tissue forms in the vagina. It is probable that these changes and subconscious psychological reactions due to total removal of the uterus explain why supravaginal uterine amputation gives better results than hysterectomy.
Corpus Luteum Insufficiency as a Cause of Nidatory Failure
Authors: Kusuda M. , Nakamura G. , Matsukuma K. , Kurano A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. To assess the clinical significance of corpus lute‐um insufficiency (CLI), 612 women with infertility but otherwise without ovulatory defects, organic disturbances, or other untoward factors were evaluated. The procedures included endometrial biopsy (E. Bx.), and monitoring of serum progesterone (Pr) and estradiol‐17β (E2) levels in association with the patterns (I to IV) of basal body temperature (BBT) chart.The incidence of CLI varied depending on the method of evaluation. From the BBT, 65.4% of the 612 women were considered to have a CLI (patterns II, III, IV), but the short luteal phase (pattern IV) was detected in only 8.1%. The incidence of endometrial inadequacy determined by Noyes' criteria differed according to the method of dating, viz., premenstrual or postovulatory dating. Of 49 women with pattern IV, retarded endometrium was found in 65% according to premenstrual dating, as compared with only 10% according to postovulatory dating. Thirty‐one women became pregnant in the cycle of E. Bx., and only 3 aborted in the first trimester. 84% were dated postovulatorily as day ±0 to day —2. No specific features were observed in the E. Bx. in the cycle of conception. The Pr and E2 levels in the mid‐luteal phase were in the pattern order I, II, III, IV, but significant differences (p<0.05) were seen only between patterns I and IV. E. Bx. obtained twice in the same cycle in 85 women revealed that in 48% of those with the retarded type in the mid‐luteal phase, consistent endometrium was found in the late luteal phase and all 4 cases with an accelerated type in the mid‐luteal phase were of the consistent type in the late luteal phase. These results suggest 1) the importance of obtaining two specimens in the same cycle, on the basis of an accurate determination of the ovulatory day, 2) the endometrium is best prepared for nidation on day ±0 to day — 2 as defined by postovulatory dating, 3) the criteria of endometrial dating of Noyes. et al. for patients with a short luteal phase are not applicable.
Epicutaneous Application of A2358 Compresses Containing Ketocaine for Pain Relief in Labor
Authors: Jouppila R. , Nuoranne E. , Tervilä L. , Gustafsson B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In the present multicenter trial 147 primigravidae were treated for low‐back pain during the first stage of labor. 72 parturients were treated with A2358 compresses containing ketocaine, which were applied to the sacral lower‐back region for one hour, 75 parturients were treated identically with compresses without the anesthetic drug.The pain relieving effect was almost the same in both treatment groups. The low‐back pain was alleviated in about half of the mothers at 0.5, 10 and 1.5 hours after the application of both A2358 or control compresses. Supplementary analgesics had to be administered in about 60% of the parturients in both groups. The results show that factors other than ketocaine are involved in pain relief after application of A2358 compresses.
Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Authors: Hanson A. L. , Hanson B. , Matousek M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Two groups of mothers who underwent elective cesarean section under epidural analgesia, were studied with the aim of comparing the analgesic potency and side effects of two solutions: morphine‐bupivacaine and morphine‐saline. Each group comprised 100 patients.The intraoperative anesthesia was established with bupi‐vacaine plain, 5 mg/ml, in amount 85‐125 mg.Immediately after the infant was delivered, the mothers received a single epidural dose of 3 mg of preservative‐free morphine chloride mixed with either 5 ml of 0.25% bupiva‐caine (Group I) or 0.9% saline (Group II). The intraoperative observations showed “good effect” without need for supplementation of analgesia in 82 mothers in Group I, compared with 61 mothers in Group II (p<0.001).The postoperative observations showed that 82 mothers in Group I were satisfied with a single dose of morphine for more than 24 hours, while in Group II the corresponding number was 63 (p<0.01).A significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting was found between the groups; 7 of the mothers experienced nausea and 4 vomited in Group I and 17 experienced nausea and 13 vomited in Group II (p<0.05, for both variables). Respiratory depression was seen in one mother during surgery immediately after supplementation of morphine‐bupivacaine analgesia with ketamine. Other side effects, such as itching, bradycardia and Homer's triad were rare.It may be concluded that a single epidural dose of morphine in bupivacaine will augment intraoperative analgesia and prolong postoperative analgesia. Less favorable results were obtained when morphine in saline was used. Synergism between bupivacaine and morphine is suggested.
Preserved Prolactin Fluctuations and Response to Metoclopramide in Ovulatory, Infertile, Hyperprolactinemic Women
Authors: Andersen Anders Nyboe , Pedersen Henning , Larsen JØRgen Falck , Djursing Henning 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The study included 18 infertile, hyperprolacti‐nemic women with preserved menstrual cycles. Among 13 women with consistently elevated prolactin (PRL) levels, 6 had either anovulatory cycles or luteal insufficiency, whereas 7 had apparently normal ovulatory cycles. Comparisons of these two groups showed that basal levels were similar but the PRL response to metoclopramide (MTC) and the day‐to‐day fluctuations were significantly lower in the group with altered oyulatory function. In this group the PRL response to MTC was significantly greater than in control patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea (n = 12), but lower than in normal women (n = 10). The PRL response to MTC in hyperprolactinemic women with normal ovulatory function did not differ significantly from that of normal women, irrespective of whether hyperprolactinemia was sustained (n = 7) or intermittent (n = 5).The study indicates that the degree of autonomy of PRL secretion reflected by both the fluctuations in basal levels and the response to a dopamine antagonist, may be used to evaluate whether or not slightly elevated PRL levels are of clinical significance in relation to fertility.
Urinary Incontinence in the Female
Authors: Walter Steen , Meyhoff Hans Henrik , Gerstenberg Thomas , Nordling Jørgen , Hald Tage 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The long‐term effect of anticholinergic medication in female patients with overactive detrusor function was studied in a group of 73 patients. The definition of overactive detrusor function is in accordance with the terminology and definition of the International Continence Society. The patients were mailed a questionnaire about the medication, its effect on the continence situation, the side effects, and whether they still used the drugs. The duration of observation was more than 12 months.A satisfactory effect of the treatment was found in 43% while 50% reported no effect or severe side effect. Only 5% stopped the medication because of side effects, 18% because of lack of effect, while 42% had resigned themselves to their voiding disorders. Twenty‐nine claimed to be cured or were still using the drug with beneficial effect. Nevertheless the treatment had continued for 6 months in both the group with no effect and in the group with good effect.The anticholinergic medication is of some value because it helps the patient to accept the bladder dysfunction, to alter the micturition habits and to assist in re‐establishing inhibition of the micturition reflex.
Culture of Human Endothelial Cells Derived from Capillaries of the Decidual Tissue
Authors: Johannisson Elisabeth , Redard Mireille 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Human endothelial cells derived from the capillary bed of endometrial decidua were studied in vitro using medium 199 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum. Cells in primary and subcultures were identified in parallel by electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. The abundance of microfilaments appearing in small bundles, the micropinocytotic vesicles in the cell periphery, the occurrence of characteristic Weibel‐Palade bodies and the intense and specific fluorescence after decoration with antibodies to Factor VIII protein all were criteria for a positive demonstration of the endothelial character in the cell cultures derived from the capillary bed of the human decidua. The proliferative activity of the in vitro system was studied by autoradiography of the endothelial cells after exposure to [3H]‐thymidine at various periods of incubation. A statistically highly significant difference (p>0.001) was found between periods of 4‐6 and 6‐8 days of incubation and between 6‐8 and 8‐10 days of incubation (p>0.01). No such difference was found between 8‐10 and 10‐14 days of incubation. When the medium was switched to complete M 199+ 10% fetal calf serum and 10% human plasma containing 76 pg/ml of estradiol the thymidine index was 5 to 4 times as high as in the control medium after 5 to 6 days of incubation.The results indicate that the in vitro system developed on endometrial capillaries derived from human decidua provides a stable low background of DNA synthesis against which small amounts of possible mediators of endothelial mitoses, e.g. estradiol, progesterone and various synthetic progestogens, can be tested.
Villous structure in different parts of the cotyledon in placentas of insulin‐dependent diabetic women
Authors: Björk O. , Persson B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Placentas from 13 insulin‐dependent diabetic mothers and 10 non‐diabetics were compared by means of photographic planimetry. The material was investigated in fresh state and obtained from three well‐defined areas within a cotyledon, central, intermediate and lateral regions. Length and area of the villi in each region were calculated. The non‐diabetics showed a consistent organization of the cotyledon, with increasing villous length towards the periphery. The surface areas increased with increasing length. In placentas of diabetic mothers, this organization was disrupted. The villi were of even length throughout the cotyledon. The average length of a villus in the diabetic group did not differ from the average length in the control group. Despite this fact, the average surface area in the diabetic was greater than that in the controls. This increased surface area was due to increased branching of peripheral villi in the diabetic group.The degree of blood glucose control of the diabetic mothers was assessed by the day‐to‐day variation in maternal blood glucose levels (MODD) for periods 12th to 32nd week and 32nd week to term and by “pregnancy glucose value”, i.e. the mean of four consecutive daily blood glucose levels from the 32nd week of gestation to term. Only MODD values based on blood glucose values from 12th to 32nd week of gestation were correlated to the villous surface area. The greater the blood glucose variability, the greater was the surface area.
Inaccurate Gestational Dating and Maternal Serum Alpha‐Fetoprotein Screening
Authors: Schnittger Agneta , Selbing Anders 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The consequences of erroneous gestational dating on the efficiency of a maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (MS‐AFP) screening program has been studied in 1050 early pregnant women. The gestational age of each woman was independently estimated by means of menstrual dates as well as by ultrasonic measurements of the fetal crown‐rump length before the 15th week of gestation.Misinterpretation of the AFP‐test results because of incorrect gestational dating according to menstrual dates was observed in 5.4% of all women screened. 40% of the pregnant women with true “elevated” MS‐AFF values, according to ultrasonic dating, would have been misinterpreted as “normal” using menstrual dating. Incorrect menstrual dating was also found to account for 22% of all elevated MS‐AFP test results observed.Women who intend to take part in MS‐AFP screening programs should preferably have their gestational age determined be ultrasonography prior to blood sampling.