bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of the Birth Process Among Undergraduates: Impact of Screening of a Documentary Featuring Natural Childbirth in Low-Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Kavanagh Katherine F. , Joyce Stephanie M. , Nicklas Jennifer , Nolte Joy V. , Morgan Lauren G. , Lou Zixin 
Published: June 2012

PURPOSE: Little is known about knowledge of birthing practices, among young adults in the United States; specifically, knowledge regarding the impact of these practices on mothers and newborn. Therefore, the purpose was to assess U.S. undergraduates’ knowledge regarding risks of cesarean deliveries (medically indicated or not), before and after viewing a documentary featuring unmedicated vaginal birth in low-risk pregnancy and subsequent expert panel discussion.STUDY DESIGN: Uncontrolled before/after study.MAJOR FINDINGS: Of the 225 attendees, 206 completed the pretest (91.5%) and 163 completed the posttest (72.4%). Of the 206 completing the pretest, 152 identified as undergraduates, and 123 (80%) of these 152 completed the posttest. Results indicate exposure to the documentary and expert discussion panel resulted in significant increases in knowledge of risks of cesarean deliveries, regardless of gender. In addition, witnessing or viewing birth in the media was significantly associated, at posttest, with greater increases in knowledge of some risks.MAIN CONCLUSION: These findings are important in light of the increasing trend in cesarean deliveries in the United States. Educating this population and providing credible information on delivery options should be informed by further research into these domains.
The Relationship between Sensory Processing Patterns and Sleep Quality in Healthy Adults
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Shochat Tamar 
Published: June 2012

Background. Sleep quality affects a person's performance and quality of life. Poor sleep was recently associated with hyperarousability and difficulties in processing sensory input. Purpose. To examine the relationships between sensory-processing difficulties (SPD) and sleep quality in healthy adults. Methods. The 185 participants, aged 21 to 60 (mean 33.64 ± 8.69), completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Findings. Sleep quality significantly correlated with sensory-processing patterns characterized by hypersensitivity. These patterns were manifested in specific modalities (tactile, visual, and auditory), which significantly predicted sleep quality. Implications. Sleep quality may be related to predisposing, sensory-processing patterns, particularly to hypersensitivity. Occupational therapists should refer to the possible relationship between SPD and sleep quality when treating individuals with SPD or poor sleepers. This may assist in implementing the optimal intervention based on the person's specific needs and contribute to performance and quality of life.
Stochastic resonance in a realistic model for surface adsorption
Authors: Sierra J. , Wio Horacio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe study a model for a monolayer single adsorbate system used to describe pattern formation on adsorbates with lateral interactions, when it is submitted to pressure oscillations. Through numerical and analytical (based on a two-state approximation) methods to analyze the existence of stochastic resonance in such a bistable system. This is a first step toward the study of resonant phenomena in adsorbate systems with moving fronts and/or with presence of micro-reactors or spots.
Influence of ice concentration and floe-size distribution on cluster formation in sea-ice floes
Authors: Herman Agnieszka 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAt medium ice concentrations, sea ice consists of separate floes of different sizes interacting with each other through inelastic collisions, in a way similar to two-dimensional polydisperse granular gases. The dynamics of this type of ice cover is poorly understood. In this paper, a molecular-dynamics sea-ice model based on simplified momentum equations and a hard-disk collision model is used to analyze processes of cluster formation in sea-ice floes. The clusters, formed due to size-dependent equilibrium velocities of floes under a given forcing, have statistical properties dependent on the average ice concentration and on the parameters of the floe-size distribution. In particular, in terms of the size of the largest cluster in the system, two regimes are observed: one at low and one at high ice concentration. At high ice concentration, the dominating cluster spans the entire model domain and contains the majority of floes. The exponent of the cluster-size distribution increases with increasing exponent of the floe-size distribution. The results are discussed from the point of view of the collisional contribution to the internal stress in the ice, as well as from the role of clustering in the floe-formation processes. Thus, they may contribute to the formulation of more reliable sea-ice rheology models valid at medium ice concentrations.
Conciliating the nonadditive entropy approach and the fractional model formulation when describing subdiffusion
Authors: Kosztołowicz Tadeusz , Lewandowska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe consider here two different models describing subdiffusion. One of them is derived from Continuous Time Random Walk formalism and utilizes a subdiffusion equation with a fractional time derivative. The second model is based on Sharma-Mittal nonadditive entropy formalism where the subdiffusive process is described by a nonlinear equation with ordinary derivatives. Using these two models we describe the process of a substance released from a thick membrane and we find functions which determine the time evolution of the amount of substance remaining inside this membrane. We then find ‘the agreement conditions’ under which these two models provide the same relation defining subdiffusion and give the same function characterizing the process of the released substance. These agreement conditions enable us to determine the relation between the parameters occuring in both models.
Multi-strange baryon elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 2.76 TeV measured with the ALICE detector
Authors: Yin Zhongbao 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We present the results on elliptic flow with multi-strange baryons produced in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 2.76 TeV. The analysis is performed with the ALICE detector at LHC. Multi-strange baryons are reconstructed via their decay topologies and the v
2 measurements are analyzed with the two-particle scalar product method. The p
T differential v
2 values are compared to the viscous hydrodynamical (VISH2+1) model calculation and to the STAR measurements in Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN} } $ = 200 GeV. We found that the model describes ≡ and Ωv
2 measurements within uncertainties. The differential v
2 of ≡ and Ω is similar to the STAR measurements at 200 GeV in Au-Au collisions.
Differences between group X and group V secretory phospholipase A2 in lipolytic modification of lipoproteins
Authors: Kamitani Shigeki , Yamada Katsutoshi , Yamamoto Shigenori , Ishimoto Yoshikazu , Ono Takashi , Saiga Akihiko , Hanasaki Kohji 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSecretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are a diverse family of low molecular mass enzymes (13–18 kDa) that hydrolyze the sn-2 fatty acid ester bond of glycerophospholipids to produce free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. We have previously shown that group X sPLA2 (sPLA2-X) had a strong hydrolyzing activity toward phosphatidylcholine in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) linked to the formation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Here, we show that group V sPLA2 (sPLA2-V) can also cause the lipolysis of LDL, but its action differs remarkably from that of sPLA2-X in several respects. Although sPLA2-V released almost the same amount of fatty acids from LDL, it released more linoleic acid and less arachidonic acid than sPLA2-X. In addition, the requirement of Ca2+ for the lipolysis of LDL was about 10-fold higher for sPLA2-V than sPLA2-X. In fact, the release of fatty acids from human serum was hardly detectable upon incubation with sPLA2-V in the presence of sodium citrate, which contrasted with the potent response to sPLA2-X. Moreover, sPLA2-X, but not sPLA2-V, was found to specifically interact with LDL among the serum proteins, as assessed by gel-filtration chromatography as well as sandwich enzyme-immunosorbent assay using anti-sPLA2-X and anti-apoB antibodies. Surface plasmon resonance studies have revealed that sPLA2-X can bind to LDL with high-affinity (Kd = 3.1 nM) in the presence of Ca2+. Selective interaction of sPLA2-X with LDL might be involved in the efficient hydrolysis of cell surface or intracellular phospholipids during foam cell formation.
Use of the efficiency factor to account for previous straining on the tensile behavior of paper
Authors: Coffin Douglas W. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The presented results suggest that the concept of efficiency factor previously used to demonstrate that changes in inter-fiber bonding in paper do not change the shape of the stress-strain curve can be extended to describe the changes that are observed in the tensile response of paper subjected to previous straining. It is found that the pre-yielding response for samples that have fully recovered from previous straining scales with changes in maximum tangent modulus. This deformation is mainly recoverable. When the scaling holds, one can extract a reasonable approximation of the initial recoverable deformation, which is separate from the plastic deformation. In essence, the efficiency factor acts as a stress magnification factor that easily can be incorporated into a constitutive equation. Tracking the change in efficiency factor with straining allows one to account for the loss of observed compliance for the entire range of recoverable deformation.
Analysis of the plastic and elastic energy during the deformation and rupture of a paper sample using thermography
Authors: Hyll Caroline , Vomhoff Hannes , Nygårds Mikael 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Thermography has been used to quantitatively analyze the plastic and elastic energy during deformation of paper. Sack paper samples were subjected to uniaxial tensile testing until rupture occurred. The temperature of the sample was simultaneously recorded with an infrared camera. The mechanical energy invested in the deformation was determined based on the force and deformation data. The thermal energy that accumulated in the sample during testing was estimated using the temperature measurements. Here, special attention was put on using the correct emittance values for the sack paper by measuring it with a new method. When comparing exerted mechanical energy with released thermal energy up to the time of sample rupture, about 40% to 60% of the mechanical energy could be detected as thermal energy. The lacking share of heat was most likely lost due to cooling of the sample during the experiments, as a lower share of detected mechanical energy was obtained for longer experiments. When comparing the increase in thermal energy during rupture to the elastic energy stored in the sample, an agreement of better than 90% was found.
An analytic procedure for determination of fracture toughness of paper materials
Authors: Mäkelä Petri , Fellers Christer 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop an analytic procedure for determination of the fracture toughness of paper materials based on laboratory material test data. Isotropic deformation theory of plasticity was used to model the tensile material behaviour of six different commercial paper grades. Closed-form analytic expressions for calibrating the material model based on tensile test data were developed. The analytically calibrated material model was shown to predict the non-linear tensile stress-strain behaviour of the investigated paper grades excellently. A closed-form analytic expression for determination of fracture toughness was developed based on the used material model and J-integral theory. The fracture toughness of the investigated paper grades was determined analytically based on laboratory fracture toughness test data. The suggested analytic procedure for determination of the fracture toughness was shown to be in excellent agreement with determinations of fracture toughness based on finite element analysis.
Significance of surface and bulk light scattering in microgloss and microgloss nonuniformity of coated papers: Influence of pigment characteristics and calendering conditions
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Farnood Ramin 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
A custom-made imaging reflectometer was used to study the microgloss properties of coated papers. To quantify the relative contributions of surface and bulk scattering to the total intensity of reflected light, a pair of polarizer lenses was employed. The mean value and the standard deviation of local grey level of captured images at micro-scale (with a spatial resolution of 16 μm x 16 μm) were determined to quantify the average microgloss and microgloss nonuniformity of samples, respectively. It was found that surface microgloss; i.e. local light reflection in the specular direction due to surface light scattering, increased linearly with increasing the total microgloss of paper. However, bulk microgloss; i.e. local light reflection in the specular direction due to the bulk scattering, remained nearly constant for a wide range of coated papers with varying coating weight, formulation and calendering condition. The relative contribution of bulk scattering to the total microgloss increased as the sheet progressively became less glossy. On the other hand, microgloss nonuniformity was governed by the local variation in surface light scattering and was affected by pigment particle size, pigment morphology and calendering conditions. Finally, both surface microgloss and surface microgloss nonuniformity were power-law functions of the surface texture parameter (Lc/λ)/(σh/λ)2where Lc, σhand λ are correlation length, RMS surface roughness, and wavelength of incident light, respectively.
Specks masking by the coating layer in coated paper made from deinked pulp
Authors: Huber Patrick , Lyannaz Laurent , Carré Bruno 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Production of lightweight coated paper (LWC) utilises more and more deinked pulp (DIP), for both economical and environmental reasons. A critical requirement on DIP quality for such grades is the cleanliness of the pulp. Indeed, the coating layer may not fully cover specks in the base paper. The objective of this work was to determine the required specifications of the coating layer to produce LWC with DIP base paper. The specks masking phenomena by the coating layer was studied from both optical measurements on coated handsheets made from DIP, and computer simulations of specks contrast reduction. The impact of coating layer parameters (coat weight and optical properties), base paper parameters (grammage and optical properties) and specks nature (grammage and optical properties) on specks masking is studied.
Conductivity of inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS-SWCNTs on uncoated papers
Authors: Angelo Peter D. , Farnood Ramin R. , Sodhi Rana N. , Cole Gregory B. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene): poly (styrene-sulfonate), or PEDOT:PSS, as well as singlewalled carbon nanotubes, were incorporated into an inkjet ink. Handsheets were prepared which contained varying amounts of TiO2filler, internal sizing agent, fixation agent, and either softwood or hardwood kraft pulp. The ink was jetted onto the handsheets to form conductive layers with apparent conductivity as high as 0.018 S/cm on internally alkyketene dimer-sized softwood kraft handsheets with no other additives. Internal sizing increased conductivity at low filler loadings by preventing PEDOT:PSS from penetrating into the substrate, resulting in a conductive ink film on the surface of the sample. Unsized handsheets allowed more rapid absorption, and therefore deeper penetration, of the PEDOT:PSS ink, which resulted in a more diffuse conductive layer. The inclusion of a polyethyleneimine retention aid for TiO2filler decreased conductivity significantly even in unfilled sheets by interaction with PSS-counterions. A positively charged fixation agent, poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, reduced PEDOT conductivity through the retention of nonconductive PSS-anions.
Inhibitors for the Immuno‐ and Constitutive Proteasome: Current and Future Trends in Drug Development
Authors: Huber Eva Maria , Groll Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractProteolytic degradation is an essential cellular process which is primarily carried out by the 20S proteasome core particle (CP), a protease of 720 kDa and 28 individual subunits. As a result of its central functional role, the proteasome represents an attractive drug target that has been extensively investigated during the last decade and validated by the approval of bortezomib by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Currently, several optimized second‐generation proteasome inhibitors are being explored as anticancer drugs in clinical trials, and most of them target both constitutive proteasomes (cCPs) and immunoproteasomes (iCPs). However, selective inhibition of the iCPs, a distinct class of proteasomes predominantly expressed in immune cells, appears to be a promising therapeutic rationale for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Although a few selective agents have already been identified, the recently determined crystal structure of the iCP will further promote the development and optimization of iCP‐selective compounds.
Mammalian chromosomes containcis‐acting elements that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes
Authors: Thayer Mathew J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent studies indicate that mammalian chromosomes contain discretecis‐acting loci that control replication timing, mitotic condensation, and stability of entire chromosomes. Disruption of the large non‐coding RNA gene ASAR6 results in late replication, an under‐condensed appearance during mitosis, and structural instability of human chromosome 6. Similarly, disruption of the mouse Xist gene in adult somatic cells results in a late replication and instability phenotype on the X chromosome. ASAR6 shares many characteristics with Xist, including random mono‐allelic expression and asynchronous replication timing. Additional “chromosome engineering” studies indicate that certain chromosome rearrangements affecting many different chromosomes display this abnormal replication and instability phenotype. These observations suggest that all mammalian chromosomes contain “inactivation/stability centers” that control proper replication, condensation, and stability of individual chromosomes. Therefore, mammalian chromosomes contain four types ofcis‐acting elements, origins, telomeres, centromeres, and “inactivation/stability centers”, all functioning to ensure proper replication, condensation, segregation, and stability of individual chromosomes.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Diarylheptanoids Isolated from Zingiber officinale Rhizomes
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Lingyu , Zu Lingbo , Wang Kaijin , Di Lei , Wang Zhi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOne new diarylheptanoid, namely (4E,6E)‐7‐(3,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)hepta‐4,6‐dien‐3‐one (1), was isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, along with ten known ones, tetrahydrocurcumin (2), curcumin (3), 5‐hydroxy‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)heptan‐3‐one (4), gingerenone A (5), 7‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)heptan‐3‐one (6), (E)‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)hept‐1‐ene‐3,5‐dione (7), (E)‐7‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐hept‐1‐ene‐3,5‐dione (8), shogasulfonic acid A (9), 1,5‐epoxy‐3‐hydroxy‐1‐(3,4‐dihydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenyl)‐7‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)heptane (10), and (3S,5S)‐3,5‐diacetoxy‐1,7‐bis(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)heptane (11). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence and comparisons with literature data. The free radical scavenging activity of 1–11 was evaluated by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Most of the isolated compounds were found to be better antioxidants than the positive control ascorbic acid. These compounds were also evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HeLa and MNK‐45 cells using the MTT assay. Our results suggest that compounds 3 and 5–8 inhibited HeLa cells, and 3, 5, 7 and 8 inhibited MNK‐45 cells. It was found that compound 5 was markedly cytotoxic against HeLa and MNK‐45 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.4 and 7.8 µmol/L, respectively.
Identification and Synthesis of Impurities in Pinocembrin–A New Drug for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yang Qingyun , Tong Yuanfeng , Chen Feng , Qi Yan , Li Wei , Wu Song 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFour minor impurities in pinocembrin (1)–a new drug to treat ischemic stroke, were analysed and identified by means of HPLC‐UV‐MS analysis, spectroscopic evidences and chemical synthetic methods. Their chemical structures were identified as 5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (2), 3‐phenyl‐1‐(2,4,6‐trihydroxyphenyl)‐1‐propanone (3), 5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐cyclohexyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (4), and 2,3‐dihydro‐5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐cyclohexyl‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one (5), respectively. All of the impurities were side products of excessive hydrogenation of the target product 1 or the starting material 2 in the course of synthesis, and 5 was a new compound.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Analogues of Flubendiamide Containing a Hexafluoroisopropanol Moiety
Authors: Wu Mingxi , Zhao Wenwen , Jin Guanyi , Huang Qingchun , Cao Song 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTen novel analogues of flubendiamide containing a hexafluoroisopropanol moiety were designed and synthesized. Their insecticidal activities against armyworm (Pseudaletia separata Walker) were examined and compared with the commercial product flubendiamide. Compound 7b showed nearly the same insecticidal activity as flubendiamide against armyworm.
Two New Sesquiterpene Lactones from Elephantopus tomentosus
Authors: Wang Bei , Mei Wenli , Zuo Wenjian , Zhao Youxing , Dong Wenhua , Liu Guodao , Dai Haofu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhytochemical investigation on the whole plant of Elephantopus tomentosus Linn. led to the isolation of two new sesquiterpene lactones, tomenphantopin E (1) and tomenphantopin F (2). The new compounds were completely elucidated using a combination of 1D, 2D NMR technique (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOSEY), and HREIMS analysis.
New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Rhizomes of Anemone amurensis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Xiaojun , Wang Lei , Wang Yanmei , Wang Ying , Ye Wencai 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFive new oleanane‐type saponins (1–5), together with three known ones (6–8), were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemone amurensis. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Compounds 2–4 are three novel sulfated oleanane‐type triterpenoid glycosides.