bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutagenicity of blue rayon extracts of fish bile as a biomarker in a field study
Authors: dos Santos Patrícia Estevam , Kummrow Fábio , de Albergaria‐Barbosa Ana Cecília Rizzatti , Bícego Márcia Caruso , Umbuzeiro Gisela de Aragão 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBlue rayon (BR) in combination with the Salmonella/microsome assay was used to evaluate the mutagenicity of fish bile samples. Specimens of Mugil curema from two sites were collected over a 1‐year period. Piaçaguera channel contains high concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other contaminants, while Bertioga channel was considered the reference sites in this study. Bile was extracted with BR and tested with TA98, TA100, and YG1041 strains with and without S9 in dose response experiments. PAH metabolite equivalents were analyzed using reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatography /fluorescence. Higher mutagenic responses were observed for the contaminated site; YG1041 with S9 was the most sensitive strain/condition. Mutagenicity ranged from 3,900 to 14,000 rev./mg at the contaminated site and from 1,200 to 2,500 rev./mg of BR at the reference site. The responses of YG1041 were much higher in comparison with the TA98 indicating the presence of polycyclic compounds from the aromatic amine class that cause frameshift mutation. TA100 showed a positive mutagenic response that was enhanced following S9 treatment at both sites suggesting the presence of polycyclic compounds that require metabolic activation. benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene metabolite equivalents were also higher in the bile of fish collected at the contaminated site. It was not possible to correlate the PAH metabolite quantities with the mutagenic potency. Thus, a combination of the Salmonella/microsome assay with YG1041 with S9 from BR bile extract seems to be an acceptable biomarker for monitoring the exposure of fish to mutagenic polycyclic compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evaluation of the mode of action framework for mutagenic carcinogens case study II: Chromium (VI)
Authors: McCarroll Nancy , Keshava Nagalakshmi , Chen Jonathan , Akerman Gregory , Kligerman Andrew , Rinde Esther 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn response to the 2005 revised U.S Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Cancer Guidelines, a strategy is being developed to include all mutagenicity and other genotoxicity data with additional information to determine whether the initiating step in carcinogenesis is through a mutagenic mode of action (MOA). This information is necessary to decide if age‐dependent adjustment factors (ADAFs) should be applied to the risk assessment. Chromium (VI) [Cr (VI)], a carcinogen in animals and humans via inhalation, was reassessed by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in 2‐year drinking water studies in rodents. From these data, NTP concluded that the results with Cr (VI) showed clear evidence of carcinogenicity in male and female mice and rats. Cr (VI) is also mutagenic, in numerous in vitro assays, in animals (mice and rats) and in humans. Accordingly, Cr (VI) was processed through the MOA framework; postulated key steps in tumor formation were interaction of DNA with Cr (VI) and reduction to Cr (III), mutagenesis, cell proliferation, and tumor formation. Within the timeframe and tumorigenic dose range for early events, genetic changes in mice (single/double‐stranded DNA breaks) commence within 24 hr. Mechanistic evidence was also found for oxidative damage and DNA adduct formation contributing to the tumor response. The weight of evidence supports the plausibility that Cr (VI) may act through a mutagenic MOA. Therefore, the Cancer Guidelines recommend a linear extrapolation for the oral risk assessment. Cr (VI) also induces germ cell mutagenicity and causes DNA deletions in developing embryos; thus, it is recommended that the ADAFs be applied. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The paleoanthropology of Greece
Authors: Harvati Katerina , Panagopoulou Eleni , Runnels Curtis 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEuropean paleoanthropology and paleolithic archeology were already well‐established by the early twentieth century. The human fossil record from this continent is the longest known and perhaps most intensively studied. Nonetheless, important gaps remain to this day in the map of Pleistocene Europe; perhaps the most glaring of these is located in the southeastern corner of the continent. This region's record is critical for addressing questions about the course of human evolution in Europe because its geographic position lends it a dual role: on one hand, it encompasses a frequently hypothesized dispersal corridor from Africa into Europe for both archaic and early modern humans; on the other, as one of the three Mediterranean peninsulas, it acted as a refugium for plant, animal, and, most likely, human populations during glacial conditions. This article is a review of the paleoanthopological record of Greece, one of the least known in Europe.
Temporal trends of hydro‐climatic variables and runoff response to climatic variability and vegetation changes in the Yiluo River basin, China
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yang Zhifeng , Cui Baoshan , Sun Tao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Yiluo River is the largest tributary for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River below Sanmenxia Dam. Changes of the hydrological processes in the Yiluo River basin, influenced by the climatic variability and human activities, can directly affect ecological integrity in the lower reach of the Yellow River. Understanding the impact of the climatic variability and human activities on the hydrological processes in the Yiluo River basin is especially important to maintain the ecosystem integrity and sustain the society development in the lower reach of the Yellow River basin. In this study, the temporal trends of annual precipitation, air temperature, reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and runoff during 1961–2000 in the Yiluo River basin were explored by the Mann‐Kendall method (M‐K method), Yamamoto method and linear fitted model. The impacts of the climatic variability and vegetation changes on the annual runoff were discussed by the empirical model and simple water balance model and their contribution to change of annual runoff have been estimated. Results indicated that (i) significant upwards trend for air temperature and significant downwards trend both for precipitation and ET0 were detected by the M‐K method at 95% confidence level. And the consistent trends were obtained by the linear fitted model; (ii) the abrupt change started from 1987 detected by the M‐K method and Yamamoto method, and so the annual runoff during 1961–2000 was divided into two periods: baseline period (1961–1986) and changeable period (1987–2000); and (iii) the vegetation changes were the main cause for change of annual runoff from baseline period to changeable period, and climatic variability contributed a little to the change of annual runoff of the Yiluo River. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial, inter and intra‐annual variability of the Upper Blue Nile Basin rainfall
Authors: Abtew Wossenu , Melesse Assefa M. , Dessalegne Tibebe 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this study, monthly and annual Upper Blue Nile Basin rainfall data were analyzed to learn the rainfall statistics and its temporal and spatial distribution. Frequency analysis and spatial characterization of rainfall in the Upper Blue Nile Basin are presented. Frequency analysis was performed on monthly basin rainfall. Monthly basin average rainfall data were computed from a network of 32 gauges with varying lengths of records. Monthly rainfall probability distribution varies from month to month fitting Gamma‐2, Normal, Weibull and Log‐Normal distributions. The January, July, October and November basin rainfall fit the Gamma‐2 probability distribution. The February, June and December ones fit Weibull distribution. The March, April, May and August rainfall fit Normal distribution. The September rainfall fits Log‐Normal distribution. Upper Blue Nile Basin is relatively wet with a mean annual rainfall of 1423 mm (1960–2002) with a standard deviation of 125 mm. The annual rainfall has a Normal probability distribution. The 100‐year‐drought basin annual rainfall is 1132 mm and the 100‐year‐wet basin annual rainfall is 1745 mm. The dry season is from November through April. The wet season runs from June through September with 74% of the annual rainfall. October and May are transition months. Monthly and annual rainfalls for return periods 2‐, 5‐, 10‐, 25‐, 50‐ and 100‐year dry and wet patterns are presented. Spatial distribution of annual rainfall over the basin is mapped and shows high variation with the southern tip receiving as high as 2049 mm and the northeastern tip as low as 794 mm annual average rainfall. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A network of knowledge on applying an indicator‐based methodology for minimizing flood vulnerability
Authors: Balica Stefania , Wright Nigel G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFlood vulnerability assessment plays a key role in the area of risk management. Therefore, techniques that make this assessment more straightforward and at the same time improve the results are important. In this briefing, we present an automated calculation of a flood vulnerability index implemented through a web management interface (PHP) that enhances the ability of decision makers to strategically guide investment. To test the applicability of this methodology using this website, many case studies are required in order to cover the full range of cases in terms of scale such as river basin, subcatchment and urban area. This requires prompt solutions with large amounts of data and this has led to the development of this automated tool to help organize, monitor, process and compare the data of different case studies. The authors aim to create a network of knowledge between different institutions and universities in which this methodology is used. It is also hoped to encourage collaboration between the members of the network on managing flood vulnerability information and also promoting further studies on flood risk assessment at all scales. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new multiparameter assay to assess HPV 16/18, viral load and physical status together with gain of telomerase genes in HPV‐related cancers
Authors: Theelen Wendy , Reijans Martin , Simons Guus , Ramaekers Frans C.S. , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. , Hopman Anton H.N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important risk factor for cancer of the uterine cervix and a subgroup of head and neck cancers. Viral load has been associated with persistence of infection, whereas integration of HPV into the host cell genome is associated with transition to invasive disease. Viral integration is frequently correlated with loss of viral E2 and gain of the telomerase‐related genes TERC and TERT. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay for the simultaneous analysis of viral load, integration and copy number gain of TERC and TERT in HPV16/18‐associated lesions. The performance of the assay was tested for HPV vs. human gene copy number ratios ranging from 0.1 to 100 and for percentages of integration ranging from 0 to 100%. The model systems used include plasmid mixtures and the HPV‐positive cell lines SiHa, HeLa and CaSki described to contain a range of 2–600 viral copies per cell. In samples with low‐viral load, viral integration can be reliably determined when more than 30% of the virus is integrated. Gain of the telomerase‐related genes in the cell lines as determined by our MLPA assay was in accordance with data reported in the literature. Our study demonstrates that within a single MLPA‐reaction viral type, load, integration and gain of TERC and TERT can be reliably determined, which will improve risk assessment for patients suspected for HPV infection.
Satellite image segmentation using hybrid variable genetic algorithm
Authors: Awad Mohamad M. , Chehdi Kacem 
Published: August 2009

AbstractImage segmentation is an important task in image processing and analysis. Many segmentation methods have been used to segment satellite images. The success of each method depends on the characteristics of the acquired image such as resolution limitations and on the percentage of imperfections in the process of image acquisition due to noise. Many of these methods require a priori knowledge which is difficult to obtain. Some of them are parametric statistical methods that use many parameters which are dependent on image property. In this article, a new unsupervised nonparametric method is developed to segment satellite images into homogeneous regions without any a priori knowledge. The new method is called hybrid variable genetic algorithm (HVGA). The variability is found in the variable number of cluster centers and in the changeable mutation rate. In addition, this new method uses different heuristic processes to increase the efficiency of genetic algorithm in avoiding local optimal solutions. Experiments performed on two different satellite images (Landsat and Spot) proved the high accuracy and efficiency of HVGA compared with another two unsupervised and nonparametric segmentation methods genetic algorithm (GA) and self‐organizing map (SOM). The verification of the results included stability and accuracy measurements using an evaluation method implemented from the functional model (FM) and field surveys. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 199–207, 2009
A novel porous bioceramics scaffold by accumulating hydroxyapatite spherules for large bone tissue engineering in vivo. I. Preparation and characterization of scaffold
Authors: Peng Qian , Jiang Faxing , Huang Peng , Zhou Shaobing , Weng Jie , Bao Chongyun , Zhang Cong , Yu Haiyang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA novel scaffold with large dimension of 3–4 cm in length and 1–1.5 cm in diameter was designed and fabricated for engineering large bone tissue in vivo. The scaffold was constructed by filling hydroxyapatite (HA) spherules into a porous HA tube. The HA spherules were prepared by chitin sol emulsification in oil and gelation in situ, and their sizes can be controlled by parameters such as stirring rate and oil temperature. Accumulation of the HA spherules formed the interconnected pores in the scaffold, and the porosity and microstructure of the scaffold can be controlled by varying the size and miroporous structure of the HA spherules. Porous HA tube coated with a thin layer of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLA) held the HA spherules together and provided the initial strength of scaffolds. HA spherules can be easily compounded with biological substance, such as comminuted bone granules, before being filled into the HA tubes. A pilot study is underway to use the hybrid scaffolds at different sites such as muscle, peritoneum, and bone side. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Characterization of the in vitro macrophage response and in vivo host response to poly(ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogels
Authors: Lynn Aaron D. , Kyriakides Themis R. , Bryant Stephanie J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPhotopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐ based hydrogels have great potential as in vivo cell delivery vehicles for tissue engineering. However, their success in vivo will be dependent on the host response. The objectives for this study were to explore the in vivo host response and in vitro macrophage response to commonly used PEG‐based hydrogels, PEG and PEG containing RGD. Acellular hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously into c57bl/6 mice and the foreign body response (FBR) was compared to medical grade silicone. Our findings demonstrated PEG‐RGD hydrogels resulted in a FBR similar to silicone, while PEG‐only hydrogels resulted in a robust inflammatory reaction characterized by a thick layer of macrophages at the material surface with evidence of gel degradation. In vitro, bone marrow‐derived primary macrophages adhered well and similarly to PEG‐based hydrogels, silicone, and tissue culture polystyrene when cultured for 4 days. Significantly higher gene expressions of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α and Il‐1β, were found in macrophages seeded onto PEG compared to PEG‐RGD and silicone at 1 and 2 days. PEG hydrogels were also shown to be susceptible to oxidative biodegradation. Our findings indicate that PEG‐only hydrogels are proinflammatory while RGD attenuates this negative reaction leading to a moderate FBR. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Biomineralization of calcium phosphate on human hair protein film and formation of a novel hydroxyapatite–protein composite material
Authors: Fujii Toshihiro , Tanaka Teppei , Ohkawa Kousaku 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHuman hair protein can be used not only as a totally biodegradable material but also as a “self‐originated” material, which may avoid an undesirable immune reaction, if it has been prepared from a certain individual and implanted into the same person. In this study, a novel organic–inorganic composite, which contains human hair proteins and hydroxyapatite, was investigated as biomineral‐scaffolding materials. The human hair protein was extracted by our original “Shindai method” (Nakamura et al., Biol Pharm Bull 2002;25:569–572; Fujii et al., Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:89–93). The extracts were exposed to CaCl2 solution for fabrication into flat films, which mainly consisted of α‐keratin. After washing with distilled water, ∼3 Ca2+ ions per 1 keratin molecule bound to the film. The Ca2+‐binding was slightly sensitive to the ionic strengths, and only Mg2+ inhibited binding of Ca2+. A composite of the human hair protein and calcium phosphate was prepared via alternate soaking processes using CaCl2 and Na2HPO4 solutions. As the soaking cycle proceeded, the film weight increased and its color became white, indicating successful deposition of calcium phosphate. The diameters of deposited calcium phosphate particles were about 2–4 μm. The proteins were not solubilized and degraded during the soaking processes. FTIR and WAXD analyses indicated that calcium phosphate was first deposited as amorphous, then transformed into crystalline monohydrogen calcium phosphate during the earlier soaking cycle, and, via octacalcium phosphate, finally converted into hydroxyapatite after 20 cycles. The present human hair protein/hydroxyapatite composite film is a “self‐originated” and also an intact proteinaceous material without chemical modification, and thus, a promising material for hard tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Cord blood for tissue regeneration
Authors: Buchheiser Anja , Liedtke Stefanie , Looijenga Leendert H.J. , Kögler Gesine 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (CB) has become a commonly accepted source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in children and adults. It is readily available and outperforms bone marrow (BM) as well as peripheral blood stem cells in terms of tolerance for HLA‐mismatches between donor and recipient and its decreased graft‐versus‐host disease. Clinical use has been expanded from hematological malignancies to various areas such as treatment of metabolic genetic disorders or to induce angiogenesis. For the last years CB has been under intense experimental investigation in in vitro differentiation models as well as in preclinical animal models. Since CB‐derived stem cells offer multiple advantages over adult stem cells from other sources like BM, CB may provide a future source of stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration. To facilitate the use of CB‐derived stem cells in clinical scenarios, the biology of these cells needs to be further explored in detail particularly with regard to the fact that different non‐hematopoietic stem cell populations occur within CB. Here we explore the most consistent and the most contradictory data referring to the differentiation potential of CB‐derived stem cells and give an outlook on their potential clinical value including and possible reprogramming into IPS cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 762–768, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embeddings of Un(q2) and symmetric strongly regular graphs
Authors: Cossidente Antonio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn the geometric setting of the embedding of the unitary group Un(q2) inside an orthogonal or a symplectic group over the subfield GF(q) of GF(q2), q odd, we show the existence of infinite families of transitive two‐character sets with respect to hyperplanes that in turn define new symmetric strongly regular graphs and two‐weight codes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 248–253, 2010
Large Cayley graphs and vertex‐transitive non‐Cayley graphs of given degree and diameter
Authors: Macbeth Heather , Šiagiová Jana , Širáň Jozef , Vetrík Tomáš 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFor any d⩾5 and k⩾3 we construct a family of Cayley graphs of degree d, diameter k, and order at least k((d−3)/3)k. By comparison with other available results in this area we show that our family gives the largest currently known Cayley graphs for a wide range of sufficiently large degrees and diameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 87–98, 2010
Biclique graphs and biclique matrices
Authors: Groshaus Marina , Szwarcfiter Jayme L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA biclique of a graph G is a maximal induced complete bipartite subgraph of G. Given a graph G, the biclique matrix of G is a {0,1,−1} matrix having one row for each biclique and one column for each vertex of G, and such that a pair of 1, −1 entries in a same row corresponds exactly to adjacent vertices in the corresponding biclique. We describe a characterization of biclique matrices, in similar terms as those employed in Gilmore's characterization of clique matrices. On the other hand, the biclique graph of a graph is the intersection graph of the bicliques of G. Using the concept of biclique matrices, we describe a Krausz‐type characterization of biclique graphs. Finally, we show that every induced P3 of a biclique graph must be included in a diamond or in a 3‐fan and we also characterize biclique graphs of bipartite graphs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 1–16, 2010
Characterizing 3‐connected planar graphs and graphic matroids
Authors: Lemos Manoel , Reid Talmage James , Wu Haidong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA well‐known result of Tutte states that a 3‐connected graph G is planar if and only if every edge of G is contained in exactly two induced non‐separating circuits. Bixby and Cunningham generalized Tutte's result to binary matroids. We generalize both of these results and give new characterizations of both 3‐connected planar graphs and 3‐connected graphic matroids. Our main result determines when a natural necessary condition for a binary matroid to be graphic is also sufficient. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 64: 165–174, 2010
A facile route to the synthesis of 1,4‐pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives under microwave irradiation without catalyst
Authors: Wang Xing‐Han , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Shi Feng , Zou Xiang , Yan Shu , Han Zheng‐Guo , Hao Wen‐Juan , Cao Xu‐Dong , Wu Shan‐Shan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of 1,4‐pyranonaphthoquinone derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of arylidenemalononitrile and 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione in the mixed solvent of N,N‐dimethylformamide and glacial acetic acid (HOAc) under microwave irradiation without catalyst. This protocol has the notable advantages of short reaction time, high yield, and convenient operation. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).