bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A within‐subject comparison of 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine and 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gallagher Catherine L. , Christian Bradley T. , Holden James E. , Dejesus Onofre T. , Nickles Robert J. , Buyan‐Dent Laura , Bendlin Barbara B. , Harding Sandra J. , Stone Charles K. , Mueller Barb , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractProgression of Parkinson's disease symptoms is imperfectly correlated with positron emission tomography biomarkers for dopamine biosynthetic pathways. The radiopharmaceutical 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine is not a substrate for catechol‐O‐methyltransferase and therefore has a more favorable uptake‐to‐background ratio than 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa. The objective of this study was to evaluate 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine relative to 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa with partial catechol‐O‐methyltransferase inhibition as a biomarker for clinical status in Parkinson's disease. Twelve patients with early‐stage Parkinson's disease, off medication, underwent Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale scoring, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and 3‐dimensional dynamic positron emission tomography using equivalent doses of 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine and 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa with tolcapone, a catechol‐O‐methyltransferase inhibitor. Images were realigned within subject, after which the tissue‐derived uptake rate constant was generated for volumes of interest encompassing the caudate nucleus, putamen, and subregions of the putamen. We computed both bivariate (Pearson) and partial (covariate of age) correlations between clinical subscores and tissue‐derived uptake rate constant. Tissue‐derived uptake rate constant values were correlated between the radiopharmaceuticals (r = 0.8). Motor subscores were inversely correlated with the contralateral putamen 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine tissue‐derived uptake rate constant (|r| > 0.72, P < .005) but not significantly with the 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa tissue‐derived uptake rate constant. The uptake rate constants for both radiopharmaceuticals were also inversely correlated with activities of daily living subscores, but the magnitude of correlation coefficients was greater for 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine. In this design, 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine uptake better reflected clinical status than did 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa uptake. We attribute this finding to 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine's higher affinity for the target, L‐aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and the absence of other major determinants of the uptake rate constant. These results also imply that L‐aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity is a major determinant of clinical status. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Release of lipophilic molecules during in vitro digestion of soy protein‐stabilized emulsions
Authors: Nik Amir Malaki , Corredig Milena , Wright Amanda J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScope: Solubilization of lipophilic bioactives in gastrointestinal fluids contributes to their bioavailability, but a better understanding of the transfer processes involved and the impact of molecular structure is required.Methods and results: The transfer of β‐carotene (BC), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), vitamin D3 (VitD3), and phytosterols (PSs) from soy protein isolate‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions to the aqueous phase during in vitro digestion was investigated. In the absence of lipolysis, transfer was mainly governed by molecular structure and partitioning within the oil droplets. Less than 3% BC and CoQ10, versus 30.4±0.3% PSs and 24.7±0.4% VitD3, were transferred in this case. However, with lipolysis, PSs and VitD3 rapidly partitioned into the aqueous phase, while lag phases and slower transfer rates were observed for BC and CoQ10. Positive and linear correlations between lipolysis and transfer were observed for all systems. After 2 h exposure to simulated duodenal conditions, there were no differences between percent micellization, except for BC which was proportionally lower. VitD3 and PSs mutually enhanced each other's transfer, while no interactions were observed between VitD3 and BC.Conclusion: Bioactive molecular structure and co‐administration influenced the transfer behaviour, with implications for foods designed to optimize health benefits.
Bacterial biofilms associated with food particles in the human large bowel
Authors: Van Wey Amy S. , Cookson Adrian L. , Roy Nicole C. , McNabb Warren C. , Soboleva Tanya K. , Shorten Paul R. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBacteria within the gastro‐intestinal tract affect host function via production of short‐chain fatty acids and synthesis of vitamins. Additionally, the commensal enteric bacteria modulate the immune system and provide protection from potentially pathogenic bacteria. Only recently heterogeneous bacterial biofilms were found to be associated with food particles within the intestinal tract. There are a number of studies investigating the formation and function of pathogenic and single‐species biofilms, though few studies have investigated the dynamics of multispecies biofilms, especially with regard to food/microbial/host interactions. The scope of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of bacterial biofilms associated with food particles in the human large bowel, examine the established mathematical models depicting bacterial attachment, and elucidate key areas for further research.
Fast fat suppression RF pulse train with insensitivity to B1 inhomogeneity for body imaging
Authors: Abe Takayuki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn higher‐field magnetic resonance imaging scanners, a spectrally selective fat saturation radiofrequency (RF) pulse does not work well because B1 inhomogeneity increases. An adiabatic 180° pulse is used to improve nonuniform fat suppression, but requires inversion recovery time. Therefore, a new RF pulse that achieves flip angles near 90° and is B1 insensitive has been developed. The pulse consists of three sinc‐shaped RF pulses with different flip angles and with different time intervals between each RF pulse. Using the Bloch equations, we analyzed the optimal combination of flip angles. Experimental results demonstrated that Mz was maintained at less than 0.05 M0 for a B1 inhomogeneity of ±35%. The optimal net flip angles was adjusted to 95° by varying the time interval between RF pulses. The pulse duration was 77 ms, which is less than half of the 170‐ms inversion recovery time required for the adiabatic pulse. We demonstrated excellent fat suppression for body imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correction and transformation of normative neurophysiological data: Is there added value in the diagnosis of distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy?
Authors: Mchugh John C. , Connolly Sean 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Despite theoretical advantages, the practical impact of mathematical correction of normative electrodiagnostic data is poorly quantified.Methods:One hundred five healthy volunteers had clinical and neurophysiological assessment. The effects of age, height, gender, weight, and body mass index were explored using stepwise regression modeling. Reference values were derived from raw and adjusted data, which were transformed to allow appropriate use of parametric statistics. The diagnostic accuracy of derived limits was tested in patients at risk of distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy (DSPN) from chemotherapy.Results:The variability of our normative data was reduced by up to 69% through the use of regression modeling, but the overall benefits of mathematical correction were marginal. The most accurate reference limits were established using the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the raw data.Conclusions:Stepwise statistical regression and mathematical transformation improve the distribution of normative data, but their practical impact for diagnosis of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy is small. Muscle Nerve 2011
Subdivision shells with exact boundary control and non‐manifold geometry
Authors: Cirak Fehmi , Long Quan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe introduce several new extensions to subdivision shells that provide an improved level of shape control over shell boundaries and facilitate the analysis of shells with non‐smooth and non‐manifold joints. To this end, extended subdivision schemes are used that enable to relax the continuity of the limit surface along prescribed crease edges and to create surfaces with prescribed limit positions and normals. Furthermore, shells with boundaries in the form of conic sections, such as circles or parabolas, are represented with rational subdivision schemes, which are defined in analogy to rational b‐splines. In terms of implementation, the difference between the introduced and conventional subdivision schemes is restricted to the use of modified subdivision stencils close to the mentioned geometric features. Hence, the resulting subdivision surface is in most parts of the domain identical to standard smooth subdivision surfaces. The particular subdivision scheme used in this paper constitutes an improved version of the original Loop's scheme and is as such based on triangular meshes. As in the original subdivision shells, surfaces created with the modified scheme are used for interpolating the reference and deformed shell configurations. At the integration points, the subdivision surface is evaluated using a newly developed discrete parameterization approach. In the resulting finite elements, the only degrees of freedom are the mid‐surface displacements of the nodes and additional Lagrange parameters for enforcing normal constraints. The versatility of the newly developed elements is demonstrated with a number of geometrically nonlinear shell examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On a cellular division method for topology optimization
Authors: Pedro Hugo‐Tiago C. , Kobayashi Marcelo H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper concerns a comparative analysis of a novel biologically inspired method for topology optimization. The proposed methodology develops each individual topology according to a set of rules that regulate a ‘cellular division’ process. These rules are then evolved using a genetic algorithm to minimize objective functions while satisfying a set of constraints. The results reported in this work show that the methodology suits engineering design and represents an improvement over existing topology optimization methods based on evolutionary algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron chelation treatment with deferasirox prior to high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation may reduce the risk of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease in children with high‐risk solid tumors
Authors: Chueh Hee Won , Sung Ki Woong , Lee Soo Hyun , Yoo Keon Hee , Koo Hong Hoe , Kim Ju Youn , Cho Eun Joo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated whether iron chelation treatment during induction chemotherapy could safely reduce serum iron levels and thereby reduce the frequency of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) during high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/autoSCT) in children with high‐risk solid tumors.ProcedureChildren diagnosed with high‐risk solid tumors between August 2008 and July 2009 were enrolled. Deferasirox treatment (25 mg/kg/day) was initiated when serum ferritin levels increased to more than 1,000 ng/ml during induction chemotherapy. Patients who were diagnosed with the same disease between April 2005 and June 2007 and treated in the same way without any iron chelation treatment formed the control group. Efficacy and toxicity of deferasirox treatment were compared between the two groups.ResultsEighteen of 20 patients enrolled received deferasirox treatment. Deferasirox treatment was completed as scheduled in 11 (61.1%) of them without dose reduction or discontinuation. The serum ferritin levels prior to HDCT/autoSCT were lower in the deferasirox group than in the control group (median 1,268 ng/ml vs. 1,828 ng/ml, P < 0.001), although there was no difference in the RBC transfusion amount between the two groups. While 7 (17.9%) VODs developed during 39 HDCT/autoSCTs in the control group, there was no VOD during 40 HDCT/autoSCTs in the deferasirox group (P = 0.005). However, renal dysfunction (38.9%) including Fanconi syndrome (16.7%) was a frequently observed adverse effect of deferasirox treatment.ConclusionsDeferasirox treatment during induction chemotherapy reduces the frequency of VOD during HDCT/autoSCT. The development of renal dysfunction should be closely monitored during deferasirox treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 441–447. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic changes related to “bewildered” circulating platelets in the acute coronary syndrome
Authors: López‐Farré Antonio J. , Zamorano‐Leon Jose J. , Azcona Luis , Modrego Javier , Mateos‐Cáceres Petra J. , González‐Armengol Juan , Villarroel Pedro , Moreno‐Herrero Rosario , Rodríguez‐Sierra Pablo , Segura Antonio , Tamargo Juan , Macaya Carlos 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAcute coronary syndromes (ACS) are associated with platelet activation. The aim of the present study was to study the protein expression level associated with glycolysis, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton and cell survival in platelets obtained during an ACS. Platelets from 42 coronary ischemic patients, divided into patients admitted within 24 h after the onset of chest pain (ACS group; n=16) and patients with stable coronary ischemic disease (CAD, n=26), were analyzed using proteomics. The expression levels of proteins involved in cellular cytoskeleton (F‐actin capping, β‐tubulin, α‐tubulin isotypes 1 and 2, vinculin, vimentin and two Ras‐related protein Rab‐7b isotypes), glycolysis pathway (glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and two pyruvate kinase isotypes) and cellular‐related antioxidant system (manganese superoxide dismutase) and even the expression and activity of glutathione‐S‐transferase were significantly reduced in platelets from ACS patients compared to CAD patients. Moreover, reduction in the expression of proteins associated with cell survival such as proteasome subunit β type 1 was also observed in ACS platelets compared with CAD platelets. Principal component and logistic regression analysis suggested the existence of factors (proteins) expressed in the platelets inversely associated with acute coronary ischemia. In summary, these results suggest the existence of circulating antioxidant, cytoskeleton and glycolytic‐“bewildered” platelets during the acute phase of a coronary event.
A proteomic view of the host–pathogen interaction: The host perspective
Authors: Hartlova Anetta , Krocova Zuzana , Cerveny Lukas , Stulik Jiri 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe host–pathogen interaction represents a complex and dynamic biological system. The outcome of this interaction is dependent on the microbial pathogen properties to establish infection and the ability of the host to control infection. Although bacterial pathogens have evolved a variety of strategies to subvert host defense functions, several general mechanisms have been shown to be shared among these pathogens. As a result, host effectors that are critical for pathogen entry, survival and replication inside the host cells have become a new paradigm for antimicrobial targeting. This review focuses on the potential utility of a proteomics approach in defining the host–pathogen interaction from the host's perspective.
Developing hybrid approaches to predict pKavalues of ionizable groups
Authors: Witham Shawn , Talley Kemper , Wang Lin , Zhang Zhe , Sarkar Subhra , Gao Daquan , Yang Wei , Alexov Emil 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAccurate predictions of pKa values of titratable groups require taking into account all relevant processes associated with the ionization/deionization. Frequently, however, the ionization does not involve significant structural changes and the dominating effects are purely electrostatic in origin allowing accurate predictions to be made based on the electrostatic energy difference between ionized and neutral forms alone using a static structure and the subtle structural changes be accounted by using dielectric constant larger than two. On another hand, if the change of the charge state is accompanied by a large structural reorganization of the target protein, then the relevant conformational changes have to be explicitly taken into account in the pKa calculations. Here we report a hybrid approach that first predicts the titratable groups whose ionization is expected to cause large conformational changes, termed “problematic” residues, and then applies a special protocol on them, while the rest of the pKas are predicted with rigid backbone approach as implemented in multi‐conformation continuum electrostatics (MCCE) method. The backbone representative conformations for “problematic” groups are generated with either molecular dynamics simulations with charged and uncharged amino acid or withab‐initiolocal segment modeling. The corresponding ensembles are then used to calculate the titration curves of the “problematic” residues and then the results are averaged to obtain the corresponding pKa. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atomic force microscopy demonstration of cytoskeleton instability in mouse erythrocytes with dematin‐headpiece and β‐adducin deficiency
Authors: Liu Fei , Khan Anwar A. , Chishti Athar H. , Ostafin Agnes E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe pattern of disassembly of the cytoskeletal network of murine erythrocytes with deficiency of either dematin‐headpiece or β‐adducin or both proteins were investigated using atomic force microscopy. A heterogeneous complex structure with fine filament features and coarse features was observed in the cytoskeleton of wild type mouse erythrocytes, whereas a significant amount of rearrangement and aggregation occurred in the mutants, particularly in the cells carrying double gene mutations. These results are consistent with the cellular and biochemical phenotype of the mutant cell membranes as being more fragile due to weakened vertical connections with the plasma membrane. SCANNING 33:426–436, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alzheimer's disease: β‐amyloid plaque formation in human brain
Authors: Seeman Philip , Seeman Neil 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAlthough the precise cause of Alzheimer's disease is not known, the β‐amyloid peptide chains of 40–42 amino acids are suspected to contribute to the disease. The β‐amyloid precursor protein is found on many types of cell membranes, and the action of secretases (β and γ) on this precursor protein normally releases the β‐amyloids at a high rate into the plasma and the cerebrospinal fluid. However, the concentrations of the β‐amyloids in the plasma and the spinal fluid vary considerably between laboratories. The β‐amyloids adsorb in the nanomolar concentration range to receptors on neuronal and glial cells. The β‐amyloids are internalized, become folded in the β‐folded or β‐pleated shape, and then stack on each other to form long fibrils and aggregates known as plaques. The β‐amyloids likely act as monomers, dimers, or multimers on cell membranes to interfere with neurotransmission and memory before the plaques build up. Treatment strategies include inhibitors of β‐ and γ‐secretase, as well as drugs and physiological compounds to prevent aggregation of the amyloids. Several immune approaches and a cholesterol‐lowering strategy are also being tested to remove the β‐amyloids. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying the serotonin transporter signal in Western blot studies of the neurotoxic potential of MDMA and related drugs
Authors: Mclane Michael W. , Mccann Una , Ricaurte George 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA number of published studies have questioned the serotonin neurotoxic potential of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) and related drugs (fenfluramine, p‐chloroamphetamine) based upon results from Western blot studies using a custom synthesized serotonin transporter (SERT) antibody that found no reduction in the abundance of a 50kDa protein after substituted amphetamine treatment. The purpose of this study was to collect Western blot data using the same SERT antibody used in those studies, but with positive and negative controls to identify the SERT protein signal. A 63–68 kDa band that had the regional distribution expected of rat brain SERT, was decreased by 5,7‐DHT, and was absent in SERT KO animals was identified as the SERT protein. Significant, lasting decreases in the abundance of the 63–68 kDa band were evident in the rat brain after treatment with MDMA and related drugs (FEN, PCA). Thus, when the band corresponding to the SERT protein is identified in Western blots through the use of positive and negative controls, reduced abundance of the SERT protein can be readily demonstrated after substituted amphetamine treatment. These data provide further evidence of lasting loss of the SERT protein after exposure to MDMA and other substituted amphetamines. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in dynorphin immunoreactivity but unaltered density of enkephalin immunoreactive neurons in basal ganglia nuclei of genetically dystonic hamsters
Authors: Kreil Annette , Hamann Melanie , Sander Svenja E. , Richter Angelika 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDystonia is regarded as a basal ganglia disorder. In the dtsz hamster, a genetic animal model of paroxysmal dystonia, previous studies demonstrated a reduced density of striatal GABAergic interneurons which inhibit striatal GABAergic projection neurons. Although the disinhibition of striatal GABAergic projection neurons was evidenced in the dtsz hamster, alterations in their density have not been elucidated so far. Therefore, in the present study, the density of striatal methionin‐(met‐) enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive GABAergic neurons, which project to the globus pallidus (indirect pathway), was determined in dtsz and control hamsters to clarify a possible role of an altered ratio between striatal interneurons and projection neurons. Furthermore, the immunoreactivity of dynorphin A (DYN), which is expressed in entopeduncular fibers of striatal neurons of the direct pathway, was verified by gray level measurements to illuminate the functional relevance of an enhanced striato‐entopeduncular neuronal activity previously found in dtsz hamsters. While the density of striatal ENK immunoreactive (ENK+) neurons did not significantly differ between mutant and control hamsters, there was a significantly enhanced ratio between the DYN immunoreactive area and the whole area of the EPN in dtsz hamsters compared to controls. These results support the hypothesis that a disbalance between a reduced density of striatal interneurons and an unchanged density of striatal projection neurons causes imbalances in the basal ganglia network. The consequentially enhanced striato‐entopeduncular inhibition leads to an already evidenced reduced activity and an altered firing pattern of entopeduncular neurons in the dtsz hamster. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved control strategy for hybrid series active filter dealing with unbalanced load
Authors: Tung Nguyen Xuan , Fujita Goro , Horikoshi Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents an improved control strategy for hybrid series active power filters (HSAFs) working with nonlinear and unbalanced three‐phase three‐wire loads. An algorithm based on the instantaneous power theory is introduced to precisely extract only harmonic components from supply current, even this current is contaminated with negative sequence components due to the imbalance of the load. An improved control strategy based on that sequence extraction algorithm is proposed and investigated in detail by numerical simulations. The proposed control method has shown a better performance in mitigating harmonics, especially for the nonlinear and unbalanced loads. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.