bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet and Leukocyte Mitochondrial Function With Cardiac Function and Self-Reported Health Status Among Obese Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Shen Qiuhua , Cintron Samantha A. , Pierce Janet D. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Impaired mitochondrial function negatively affects cardiac function and, subsequently, the health status of patients. However, measuring mitochondrial function in human myocytes is difficult because of the high risk associated with myocardial biopsy. Platelets and leukocytes have functional mitochondria and can potentially serve as a surrogate for myocardial mitochondria. Roles of platelet and leukocyte mitochondrial function in HF have not yet been fully explored.

Objective
We aimed to explore the relationships of platelet and leukocyte mitochondrial function with cardiac function and self-reported health status among obese patients with HF and examine if the relationships vary between HFrEF and HFpEF.

Methods
Forty-five obese patients with HF were recruited. Maximal enzymatic activities (Vmax) of platelet cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and citrate synthase (CS) were assessed. Leukocyte mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, superoxide production, and apoptosis were measured in a subset of the sample. Data on cardiac function were retrieved from electronic health records. Self-reported health status was assessed using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). Pearson correlations were performed.

Results
Platelet COX Vmax was negatively correlated with left ventricular end-systolic diameter. Positive correlations of leukocyte mitochondrial mass and superoxide production with left ventricular mass and mass index were observed, respectively. Leukocyte mitochondrial mass and superoxide production also negatively correlated with KCCQ summary scores. These relationships varied between HFrEF and HFpEF.

Discussion
Platelet and leukocyte mitochondrial function was found to significantly correlate with some echocardiographic parameters and KCCQ scores. These findings provided preliminary data to support future research to further explore the potential of using platelets and leukocytes as surrogate biomarkers. Identifying easy-accessible mitochondrial biomarkers will be useful for assessing mitochondrial function to assist with early diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of mitochondrial-targeted therapy in HF patients.
Study Recruitment, Retention, and Adherence Among Chinese American Immigrants During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Huang Shuyuan , Nam Soohyun , Ash Garrett I. , Wu Bei , D'Eramo Melkus Gail , Jeon Sangchoon , McMahon Erin , Dickson Victoria Vaughan , Whittemore Robin 
Published: June 2024

Background
Chinese American immigrants have been underrepresented in health research partly due to challenges in recruitment.

Objectives
This study aims to describe recruitment and retention strategies and report adherence in a 7-day observational physical activity study of Chinese American immigrants with prior gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Foreign-born Chinese women aged 18–45 years, with a gestational diabetes index pregnancy of 0.5–5 years, who were not pregnant and had no current diabetes diagnosis were recruited. They wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed an online survey. Multiple recruitment strategies were used: (a) culturally and linguistically tailored flyers, (b) social media platforms (e.g., WeChat [a popular Chinese platform] and Facebook), (c) near-peer recruitment and snowball sampling, and (d) a study website. Retention strategies included flexible scheduling and accommodation, rapid communications, and incentives. Adherence strategies included a paper diary and/or automated daily text reminders with a daily log for device wearing, daily email reminders for the online survey, close monitoring, and timely problem-solving.

Results
Participants were recruited from 17 states; 108 were enrolled from August 2020 to August 2021. There were 2,479 visits to the study webpage, 194 screening entries, and 149 inquiries about the study. Their mean age was 34.3 years, and the mean length of U.S. stay was 9.2 years. Despite community outreach, participants were mainly recruited from social media (e.g., WeChat). The majority were recruited via near-peer recruitment and snowball sampling. The retention rate was 96.3%; about 99% had valid actigraphy data, and 81.7% wore the device for 7 days. The majority of devices were successfully returned, and the majority completed the online survey on time.

Discussion
We demonstrated the feasibility of recruiting and retaining a geographically diverse sample of Chinese American immigrants with prior gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruiting Chinese immigrants via social media (e.g., WeChat) is a viable approach. Nonetheless, more inclusive recruitment strategies are needed to ensure broad representation from diverse socioeconomic groups of immigrants.
Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Metabolic Changes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Jia Fan-Cheng , Li Xue-Lian 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Importance
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine syndrome with multiple causes and polymorphic clinical manifestations, which is one of the important causes of menstrual disorders in women of childbearing age. It has been found that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), a class of essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body, play a significant role in the metabolic changes of PCOS, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

Objective
The purpose of this review is to summarize the relevance between BCAAs and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS and to explore their possible mechanisms.

Evidence Acquisition
The evidence is mainly obtained by reviewing the literature on PubMed related to PCOS, BCAAs, and related metabolic abnormalities and conducting summary analysis.

Results
The metabolism of BCAAs can affect the homeostasis of glucose metabolism, possibly by disrupting the balance of gut microbiota, activating mTORC1 targets, producing mitochondrial toxic metabolites, and increasing the expression of proinflammatory genes. The correlation between obesity and BCAAs in PCOS patients may be related to the gene expression of BCAA metabolism–related enzymes in adipose tissue. The association between BCAA metabolic changes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in PCOS patients has not been fully clarified, which may be related to the lipid accumulation caused by BCAAs. At present, it is believed that hyperandrogenism in patients with PCOS is not related to BCAAs. However, through the study of changes in BCAA metabolism in prostate cancer caused by hyperandrogenism, we speculate that the relationship between BCAAs and hyperandrogenism may be mediated by mTORC1 and amino acid transporters.

Conclusions and Relevance
Review of prior articles reveals that BCAAs may be related to insulin resistance, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, and its mechanisms are complex, diverse, and interrelated. This review also discussed the mechanism of BCAAs and these metabolic disorders in non-PCOS patients, which may provide some help for future research.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner will be better able to discuss the relationship between BCAAs and different metabolic characteristics of PCOS and its possible mechanism; describe the close relationship between BCCAs and insulin resistance in patients with PCOS and explore various possible mechanisms between them; and explain the relationship between obesity and BCAAs and the correlation between BCCAs and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperandrogenism in patients with PCOS.
Cannabis Exposure and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Related to Placental Function
Authors: Metz Torri D. , Allshouse Amanda A. , McMillin Gwendolyn A. , Greene Tom , Chung Judith H. , Grobman William A. , Haas David M. , Mercer Brian M. , Parry Samuel , Reddy Uma M. , Saade George R. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Silver Robert M. 
Published: June 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA 2023;330:2191–2199)
Due to availability and cultural factors, cannabis use among pregnant women has greatly increased in the last 10 years and is viewed by many individuals as safe. Much of the previous research in this area has been limited by lack of accurate assessment of exposure, relying primarily on self-report.
Cognitive impact of anticholinergic and sedative burden in people with HIV
Authors: Michael Henry Ukachukwu , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Tamblyn Robyn , Fellows Lesley K. , Mayo Nancy E. 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
This study aims to estimate the extent to which anticholinergic and sedative burden is associated with cognitive ability and self-reported cognitive difficulties (SCD) in middle-aged and older adults living with HIV.

Design:
This cross-sectional analysis examined data from the inaugural visit of participants enrolled in the Positive Brain Health Now (BHN) study.

Methods:
Cognitive ability was measured using the Brief Cognitive Ability Measure (B-CAM; higher is better) and SCD using the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ; higher is worse). Medication burden was quantified using several scoring systems, including the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB), Anticholinergic and Sedative Burden Catalog (ACSBC), Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and the Sedative Load Model (SLM). Multivariable Ordinary Least Squares and quantile regression were utilized to estimate average effects and distribution-specific impacts, respectively.

Results:
Of 824 participants (mean age 53 years, 84.7% men), 41.4% used anticholinergics (ACSBC) and 39% used sedatives (SLM). High anticholinergic burden was linked to worse cognitive ability [β = −3.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): −7.16, −0.46] and SCD (β = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.08, 6.71). Using three or more anticholinergics worsened cognitive ability (β = −4.45; 95% CI: −8.54, −0.35), and using three or more sedatives increased SCD (β = 4.35; 95% CI: 0.92–7.78). Stronger negative associations were observed in participants with lower cognitive ability and more difficulties.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that anticholinergic and sedative burden may contribute to cognitive impairment in people with HIV. Personalized medication management and regular cognitive assessments could mitigate these adverse effects.
Frequent Cocaine Use is Associated With Larger HIV Latent Reservoir Size
Authors: Aouizerat Bradley E. , Garcia Josephine N. , Domingues Carlos V. , Xu Ke , Quach Bryan C. , Page Grier P. , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Bolivar Hector H. , Lahiri Cecile D. , Golub Elizabeth T. , Cohen Mardge H. , Kassaye Seble G. , DeHovitz Jack , Kuniholm Mark H. , Archin Nancie M. , Tien Phyllis C. , Hancock Dana B. , Johnson Eric Otto 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Cocaine—one of the most frequently abused illicit drugs among persons living with HIV [people living with HIV (PLWH)]—slows the decline of viral production after antiretroviral therapy and is associated with higher HIV viral load, more rapid HIV progression, and increased mortality.

Setting:
We examined the impact of cocaine use on the CD4+ T-cell HIV latent reservoir (HLR) in virally suppressed PLWH participating in a national, longitudinal cohort study of the natural and treated history of HIV in the United States.

Methods:
CD4+ T-cell genomic DNA from 434 women of diverse ancestry (ie, 75% Black, 14% Hispanic, 12% White) who self-reported cocaine use (ie, 160 cocaine users, 59 prior users, 215 non-users) was analyzed using the Intact Proviral HIV DNA Assay, measuring intact provirus per 106 CD4+ T cells.

Findings:
HIV latent reservoir size differed by cocaine use (ie, median [interquartile range]: 72 [14–193] for never users, 165 [63–387] for prior users, 184 [28–502] for current users), which was statistically significantly larger in both prior (P = 0.023) and current (P = 0.001) cocaine users compared with never users.

Conclusions:
Cocaine use may contribute to a larger replication competent HLR in CD4+ T cells among virologically suppressed women living with HIV. Our findings are important because women are underrepresented in HIV reservoir studies and in studies of the impact of cocaine use on outcomes among PLWH.
Efficacy of Internet Recruitment and HIV Self-Testing for Diagnosing HIV Infections Among Black and Hispanic/Latino MSM and Transgender Women in 11 US States, 2020–2021
Authors: MacGowan Robin J. , Chavez Pollyanna R. , Dana Ruth , Hannah Marissa , Raiford Jerris L. , Caldwell Joanna A. , Wall Kristin M. , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Sharma Akshay , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Stephenson Rob , Sanchez Travis , Smith Amanda J. , Sullivan Stephen , Jones Jeb , Sullivan Patrick S. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
We evaluated internet platforms for distributing HIV self-tests (HIVSTs) to Black or African American (Black) and Hispanic or Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW).

Methods:
We recruited MSM and TGW from general interest, dating, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender platforms. Two HIVSTs were mailed to all MSM and TGW. Surveys (screening, baseline, 4-month, and results reporting) were completed online. After 4 months, participants were mailed another HIVST and a dried blood spot card. All HIVST interpretations and images of HIVST devices were reported online.

Results:
Of 2093 MSM and 102 TGW, most were recruited through general interest and dating platforms. Over 50% were 18–29 years old, most identified as gay or bisexual. Overall, 45% had not tested for HIV in the past 12 months, and 9.1% of MSM reported a positive (reactive for HIV antibodies) HIVST result, with the highest percentage among Black MSM (11.5%). Dating platforms recruited higher percentages of MSM who recorded positive results compared with MSM from general interest platforms during the intervention period (11.9% vs 5.5% (P < 0.0001)), and MSM who had never tested for HIV reported a greater percentage of positive HIVST results compared with MSM who had been tested for HIV before enrollment (16.1% vs. 7.1%; P < 0.0001). MSM were able to correctly interpret and report HIVST results. Of TGW, 7% reported a positive HIVST result.

Conclusions:
Internet dating and general interest platforms can be key to increasing awareness of infection among BMSM, HMSM, and TGW persons, including those who do not use existing HIV services.

Trial registration:

www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04219878.
Markers of Maternal Bone and Renal Toxicity Through 50 Weeks Postpartum: IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED) Trial
Authors: Masheto Gaerolwe , Brummel Sean S. , Ziemba Lauren , Shepherd John , Mbengeranwa Tapiwa , Igawa Laarni , Coletti Anne , Mukura Dorinda , Rossouw Lindie , Theron Gerhard , Krotje Chelsea , Jean-Philippe Patrick , Chakhtoura Nahida , Cassim Haseena , Mathiba Sisinyana Ruth , Maena Joel , Murtaugh William , Fairlie Lee , Currier Judith , Hoffman Risa , Chinula Lameck , Sax Paul E. , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Lockman Shahin ,   for the IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Study Team and Investigators
Published: June 2024

Background:
Safety data from randomized trials of antiretrovirals in pregnancy are scarce. We evaluated maternal bone and renal data from the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network 2010 trial, which compared the safety and efficacy of 3 antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy: dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (DTG + FTC/TAF), dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DTG + FTC/TDF), and efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF).

Methods:
A subset of participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at postpartum week 50 only. Maternal bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores were compared between arms. Maternal creatinine was measured at enrolment and periodically through week 50 postpartum, and by-arm differences in average weekly change in estimated creatinine clearance were compared.

Results:
Six hundred forty-three participants were randomized to DTG + FTC/TAF (N = 217) or DTG + FTC/TDF (N = 215) or EFV/FTC/TDF (N = 211). Median age = 27 years (IQR 23, 32), median CD4 count = 466 cells/mm3 (IQR 308, 624); 564 (88%) women enrolled in Africa and 479 (74%) breastfed. Week 50 postpartum dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results from 154 women were included in the analysis. Hip and spine BMD was on average higher in women in the DTG + FTC/TAF and lower in the DTG + FTC/TDF and EFV/FTC/TDF arms, but no significant differences in BMD Z-scores were observed between treatment groups. The weekly rate of change in estimated creatinine clearance differed among treatment groups during the antepartum period, but not over the full study follow-up.

Conclusions:
Markers of bone and renal toxicity did not differ significantly through week 50 postpartum among women randomized to start DTG + FTC/TAF or DTG + FTC/TDF or EFV/FTC/TDF in pregnancy.
Switching to Low Neurotoxic Antiretrovirals to Improve Neurocognition Among People Living With HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: The MARAND-X Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lazzaro Alessandro , Vai Daniela , Barco Ambra , Stroffolini Giacomo , Pirriatore Veronica , Guastamacchia Giulia , Nigra Marco , Ghisetti Valeria , Tettoni Maria Cristina , Noce Giuseppe , Giaccone Claudia , Trunfio Mattia , Trentalange Alice , Bonora Stefano , Di Perri Giovanni , Calcagno Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive (NC) impairment is multifactorial, and antiretroviral (ARV) neurotoxicity may contribute. However, interventional pharmacological studies are limited.

Methods:
Single-blind, randomized (1:1), controlled trial to assess the change of NC performance (Global Deficit Score, GDS, and domain scores) in PLWH with NC impairment randomized to continue their standard of care treatment or to switch to a less neurotoxic ARV regimen: darunavir/cobicistat, maraviroc, emtricitabine (MARAND-X). Participants had plasma and cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA< 50 copies/mL, R5-tropic HIV, and were on ARV regimens that did not include efavirenz and darunavir. The change of resting-state electroencephalography was also evaluated. The outcomes were assessed at week 24 of the intervention through tests for longitudinal paired data and mixed-effect models.

Results:
Thirty-eight participants were enrolled and 28 completed the follow-up. Global Deficit Score improved over time but with no difference between arms in longitudinal adjusted models. Perceptual functions improved in the MARAND-X, while long-term memory improved only in participants within the MARAND-X for whom the central nervous system penetration-effectiveness (CNS penetration effectiveness) score increased by ≥3. No significant changes in resting-state electroencephalography were observed.

Conclusions:
In this small but well-controlled study, the use of less neurotoxic ARV showed no major beneficial effect over an unchanged regimen. The beneficial effects on the memory domain of increasing CNS penetration effectiveness score suggest that ARV neuropenetration may have a role in cognitive function.
Relationship of Dose and Signal Enhancement Properties of Gadoquatrane, a New Tetrameric, Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent, Compared With Gadobutrol
Authors: Hofmann Birte M. , Riecke Kai , Klein Stefan , Klemens Mark A. , Palkowitsch Petra , Kahn Johannes F. , Posch Helena , Berse Matthias , Ebert Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

Objectives
To investigate the signal-enhancement properties of the tetrameric gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) gadoquatrane in relation to the administered dose and compare its properties to those of a standard dose of gadobutrol, as a representative of the currently established macrocyclic GBCAs for magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods
In this randomized, single-blind, 4 × 4 crossover study, 43 healthy adults (19–50 years of age) received 3 single IV injections of gadoquatrane (0.01, 0.03, and 0.06 mmol gadolinium/kg body weight) and 1 injection of gadobutrol (0.1 mmol gadolinium/kg body weight) in randomized sequence with 1-week washout periods between administrations. The relative signal enhancement (RSE) was determined in predefined areas of interest in magnetic resonance image sets of the head-neck region. RSE-vs-dose curves (dose-response curves) were established by linear regression, and comparator-equivalent doses were determined by Bayesian inverse regression analysis. Further, 3 blood samples were taken after each injection for pharmacokinetic analyses, and safety data were assessed.

Results
The RSE increased with gadoquatrane dose. A linear function adequately fitted this relationship. In line with the more than 2-fold higher r1 relaxivity of gadoquatrane per gadolinium ion, gadobutrol-equivalent RSE was achieved with gadoquatrane at less than half the gadolinium dose and less than one eighth of the molecule dose.
Administration of gadoquatrane and gadobutrol resulted in very similar dose-normalized gadolinium concentrations in plasma, indicating that the pharmacokinetic profiles are essentially the same. Both contrast agents were well tolerated. Adverse events were rare and not dependent on the dose administered.

Conclusions
Gadoquatrane has the potential to be an effective GBCA that can be used at substantially lower doses in clinical routine than the currently established macrocyclic GBCAs.
Preoperative Surgical or Endoscopic Bile Duct Drainage in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Klotz Rosa , Hank Thomas , Berente Miklos P. , Joos Maximilian , Hinz Ulf , Pianka Frank , Kinny-Köster Benedict , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Strobel Oliver , Hackert Thilo , Schneider Martin , Müller-Stich Beat , Berchtold Christoph , Mehrabi Arianeb , Loos Martin , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Patients with pancreatic cancer and obstructive jaundice routinely undergo endoscopic stent placement (ES). It is well known that ES causes bacterial contamination and infectious complications after pancreatic resection.

Objective:
To compare short-term outcomes and survival in patients undergoing pancreatic head resection after preoperative ES vs preoperative surgical drainage (SD) via T-tube insertion.

Methods:
Patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent SD or ES from 2016 to 2022 were identified from a prospective database. Outcome analyses included microbiological bile contamination, overall morbidity and assessment of the overall complication burden using the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). Overall survival was investigated by Kaplan‒Meier analysis.

Results:
A total of 55 patients with SD were identified and matched with 110 ES patients. After the primary intervention, ES patients experienced more complications (ES: 17.3% vs. SD: 3.6%; P=0.013). The overall complication burden after pancreatic resection was higher in ES patients than in SD patients (CCI: 27.2 vs. 19.9; P=0.022). Additionally, bacterial contamination of the bile was more frequent in ES patients compared to SD individuals (94.3% vs. 7.1%; P<0.001) with similar bacteria in 83.3% of postoperative abdominal infections in ES patients. While overall survival did not differ between the two groups, patients with postinterventional complications after ES had an impaired survival compared to those without complications (11.3 mo vs. 20.4 mo; P=0.03).

Conclusion:
SD for obstructive jaundice in resectable pancreatic cancer is associated with a lower overall complication burden. Additionally, patients with complications after ES experience worse overall survival. These findings indicate to rethink our standards of treatment of obstructive jaundice in patients with pancreatic cancer.