bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACP in the New Zealand medicolegal context
Authors: Moore M , Grundy K 
Published: May 2011

Advance Care Planning (ACP) in New Zealand (NZ) is being implemented into a unique medicolegal environment. This has practical implications as well as providing an opportunity for critical analysis of the place of legally recognised advance decisions within the overall process and philosophy of ACP.NZ has no specific statute in relation to ACP or the use Advance Directives (AD) although it is acknowledged in the Code of Rights that ADs may be used in accordance with the common law. In addition legally authorised proxy and or substitute decision makers are uncommon and have limited powers. In the overwhelming majority of cases authority to make decisions on behalf of incompetent patients resides with clinicians. Implementation of ACP in this context provides a valuable opportunity to carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of the NZ medicolegal framework compared with that in other countries and to share insights gained.ACP is intended to give greater ‘voice’ to individuals (patients). There are however risks to over-emphasising ACP as a mechanism primarily intended to give patients' ‘voice’ through legal mechanisms for advance decisions which come in to effect once the individual is incompetent The greater benefit from ACP comes from hearing patients while they are still able to speak to us and including them in shared-planning within clinician-patient relationships based in mutual respect and trust. Effective ACP reduces occasions on which clinicians are required to make decisions on behalf of incompetent patients, but where they still are, should also result in better decision-making.
Collaborative patient care model: comprehensive care coordination for geriatric population
Authors: Mohanty A 
Published: May 2011

Evolutionary changes in the health care delivery system and reimbursement of health care services in current healthcare scenario has dramatically changed the resource assessment and health care utilization. Not only that, it has also placed a greater emphasis on quality of services provided through different post acute care settings. Kissito Healthcare has designed and implemented a unique collaborative model named as Collaborative Patient Care (CPC) Model. Compared to standard care, CPC Model aims to address the organization's mission to deliver quality patient-centred care and demonstrate greater continuity of care, a shorter duration of stay and improved patient outcomes.The CPC Model is based on four tenets: process, quality, cost and outcome with the patient considered as the centre for the tenets. Evidence-based best practices and medicine are embedded in the care processes. Care is coordinated and integrated across all elements and in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner. The intended outcomes of the CPC Model include reduction in preventable rehospitalization, reduction in mortality and readmission rates, continuity of care across all post acute settings, patient driven shorter rehabilitation and recuperation periods as opposed to Payment Setting.The model is theory-based, collaborative and multidisciplinary primarily focusing on patient-centred care. But evidence of the CPC Model's effectiveness remains inconclusive although there are positive outcomes based on intermediary results. Empiric evidence is needed to validate the effectiveness of the model. If proven effective, model can be widely implemented and translated to a national standard based on evidences.
Perceptions of clients and veterinarians on what attributes constitute ‘a good vet’
Authors: Mellanby R. J. , Rhind S. M. , Bell C. , Shaw D. J. , Gifford J. , Fennell D. , Manser C. , Spratt D. P. , Wright M. J. H. , Zago S. , Hudson N. P. H. 
Published: June 2011

The perceptions of veterinarians and small animal (SA) clients on what attributes constitute ‘a good veterinarian’ were examined by a questionnaire survey. The respondents were asked to record how important they considered 20 attributes for a veterinary surgeon to have on a five‐point scale from ‘not at all important’ to ‘very important’. In addition, they were asked to list which attributes they considered to be the three most important attributes in a veterinary surgeon; finally, they were asked whether there were any additional attributes that they considered to be highly desirable in a veterinary surgeon. In total, 407 SA clients, 243 SA veterinarians and 61 non‐SA veterinarians completed the questionnaire. There were significant differences in the proportion of clients who considered an attribute to be ‘very important’ compared with SA veterinarians for 12 of the 20 attributes (P<0.005). A larger proportion of clients considered ‘confidence’, ‘knowledge about veterinary medicine and surgery’, ‘cleanliness’, ‘good at explaining technical terms’, ‘patience’, ‘clear about cost of treatment’, ‘ability to work in a team’, ‘honesty’, ‘politeness’, ‘decisiveness’, ‘good with animals’ and ‘good practical skills’ to be ‘very important’ attributes than the SA veterinarians; a larger proportion of SA veterinarians considered ‘good communication skills’ to be a ‘very important’ attribute than the clients.
Purification to homogeneity and characterization of nonproteolyzed potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber hexokinase 1
Authors: Moisan Marie-Claude , Rivoal Jean 
Published: May 2011

We have developed an extraction procedure that improves the stability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber hexokinase (HK) after extraction. Using this protocol, we showed that at least four HK isoforms are present in this tissue, and they can be separated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on a butyl-Sepharose™ 4 Fast Flow column. One of the main HK isoforms was purified to homogeneity using further chromatographic separations on red dye, DEAE Fractogel, hydroxyapatite, cibacron blue, and MonoQ matrices. HK-specific activity of this fraction (10.2 U·mg protein–1) corresponds to an enrichment of more than 5500-fold, with a yield of 0.9%. This is the highest reported HK-specific activity from a plant source. The purified enzyme consisted of a monomer with a subunit apparent Mr of 51 kDa when analyzed by SDS–PAGE. This polypeptide was recognized by affinity-purified anti- Solanum chacoense Bitt. recombinant HK IgGs. The protein was digested with trypsin and its digestion products were subjected to MS – MS sequencing after HPLC separation. The sequences of these tryptic peptides matched the predicted coding sequence of the S. tuberosum HK1 gene with a coverage of 57%. Examination of the kinetic properties of the purified protein HK1 indicates that it may be regulated by the internal O2 concentration of the tuber because of its sensitivity to acidic pHs and inhibition by ADP.
Molecular Chaperones as a Common Set of Proteins That Regulate the Invasion Phenotype of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chiu Ching-Chi , Lin Chien-Yu , Lee Li-Yu , Chen Yin-Ju , Lu Ya-Ching , Wang Hung-Ming , Liao Chun-Ta , Chang Joseph Tung-Chieh , Cheng Ann-Joy 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The goal of this study was to establish a common set of molecules that regulate cell invasion in head and neck cancer (HNC).
Experimental Design: Five invasive sublines derived from HNC cell lines were established using the Matrigel selection method. Proteomic technology, MetaCore algorithm, and reverse transcriptase-PCR methods were used to search for molecules that contribute to the invasion phenotype. Cellular functional analyses and clinical association studies were applied to examine the significance of the molecules.
Results: Fifty-two proteins were identified in more than two of the four independent proteomic experiments, including 10 (19%) molecular chaperones. Seven chaperones were confirmed to be differentially expressed in five sublines, Hsp90α, Hsp90β, Hsp90-B1/Gp96, Hsp70-A5/Grp78, and HYOU1, that upregulate, whereas Hsp60 and glucosidase-α neutral AB (GANAB) downregulate. Four molecules were further investigated. In all cell lines, knockdown of Hsp60 or GANAB and silencing of Gp96 or Grp78 considerably enhanced or reduced cell migration and invasion, respectively. Clinical association studies consistently revealed that low levels of Hsp60 or GANAB and high levels of Gp96 or Grp78 are significantly associated with advanced cancer (P &lt; 0.001 to P = 0.047, respectively, for the four molecules) and poor survival (P &lt; 0.001 to P = 0.025, respectively, for the four molecules).
Conclusion: Our study defined molecular chaperones as a common set of proteins that regulate the invasion phenotype of HNC. Loss of the tumor suppression function of Hsp60 or GANAB and acquisition of the oncogenic function of Gp96 or Grp78 contribute to aggressive cancers. These molecules may serve as prognostic markers and targets for cancer drug development. Clin Cancer Res; 17(14); 4629–41. ©2011 AACR.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection, Large T Antigen, Retinoblastoma Protein and Outcome in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sihto Harri , Kukko Heli , Koljonen Virve , Sankila Risto , Böhling Tom , Joensuu Heikki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is rare skin cancer that is often associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection. Polyomaviruses repress tumor suppressor proteins, thus influencing cell-cycle progression, but the effect of MCPyV on the key cell-cycle regulating proteins is poorly understood.Experimental Design: We evaluated expression of the MCPyV large T-antigen (LTA), Ki-67, and the key putative tumor suppressor proteins, the retinoblastoma protein (RB and phospho-RB) and p53, and their regulatory proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E, p16, p21, p27, and MDM2) by using immunohistochemistry from tumors of 91 MCC patients identified from a population-based nationwide cohort. Tumor MCPyV DNA was measured by using quantitative PCR, and TP53 mutations were identified with sequencing.Results: MCPyV LTA expression was strongly associated with presence of MCPyV DNA in tumor, and it was almost invariably associated with tumor RB expression (P &lt; 0.0001 for both comparisons). Both MCC LTA and RB expression were strongly associated with favorable MCC-specific and overall survival in univariable analyses (P ≤ 0.01 for all four analyses). Presence of MCPyV LTA was also associated with the female gender, the intermediate type of tumor histology, location of the tumor in a limb, cell proliferation rate, and absence of p53 expression. TP53 mutations were detected only in MCPyV DNA–negative tumors.Conclusions: MCPyV DNA–positive MCC has several clinical and molecular features that differ from MCPyV DNA-negative cancers. MCPyV-associated MCCs express RB, but may not harbor TP53 mutations. These findings provide further support that MCPyV causes the majority of MCCs. Clin Cancer Res; 17(14); 4806–13. ©2011 AACR.
Effects of Spectral Manipulation on Nonindividualized Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs)
Authors: So Richard H. Y. , Leung N. M. , Horner Andrew B. , Braasch Jonas , Leung K. L. 
Published: June 2011

Background: Directional sounds simulated using nonindividualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) often result in front-back confusion. Objective: This study was designed to examine how manipulating these nonindividualized HRTF spectra can reduce front-back confusion in headphone-simulated directional sounds. Method: HRTFs of six ear-level directions were studied (angles of 0°, 45°, 135°, 180°, 225°, and 315°). The HRTF gains in each of six frequency bands (200 to 690 Hz, 690 to 2400 Hz, 2400 to 6500 Hz, 6500 to 10000 Hz, 10000 to 14000 Hz, and 14000 to 22000 Hz) were amplified or attenuated by 0, 12, or 18 dB. Each manipulated HRTF generated a directional sound stimulus. For this study, 32 participants were invited to localize the randomly ordered stimuli. Results: The results indicate that a 12- or 18-dB manipulation of five of the six frequency bands produced significantly better directional accuracy, with significantly less front-back confusion. A reduction of up to 70% in localization error was obtained, along with 66% less front-back confusion. Significant interactions were found between the manipulation level and frequency. Conclusion: A 12-dB spectral manipulation of selected HRTF frequency bands produces better directional accuracy. Application: The results of this research could be applied to the development of tunable nonindividualized HRTFs for audio products.
Energy-saving effect of a factory ceiling incorporating microencapsulated Phase Change Materials
Authors: Lai C-M 
Published: June 2011

The enhancement of thermal-insulation capability of rooftop and exterior wall are key issues in energy conservation for buildings. The objective of this study is to provide insights into thermal-insulation alternatives that will improve the thermal performance of rooftop constructions. In doing so, experiments have been performed for investigating the energy-saving effect of adding microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (mPCM) to a conventional factory ceiling (gypsum board). The average energy-saving effect at the entire heat absorption stage of a mPCM gypsum board compared with a conventional gypsum board is 31.7 per cent.
Effect of impression pressure and anilox specification on solid and halftone density
Authors: Bould D C , Hamblyn S M , Gethin D T , Claypole T C 
Published: May 2011

Controlling the transfer of ink to the substrate is a key requirement of the flexographic printing process. Its ability to transfer ink from the image carrier to the substrate at low pressures enables the process to be used for the production of printed matter using pressure-sensitive materials. These can range from substrates where high pressures can damage surface structure (e.g. corrugated board), to specialist inks, which can be damaged by the high shearing action associated with other volume print processes. This paper evaluates the effect of pressure changes on print quality for different anilox specifications and line rulings on the plate. Data collected from an experimental print trial were used to quantify the effects of anilox roll specifications, dot pitch, and plate-to-substrate engagement on the reproduction of both a continuous ink film and the formation of discrete halftone dots. The ink-carrying volume of the cells of the anilox roll was shown to have the greatest influence on solid density (a parameter used as an indirect measure of ink film thickness) and halftone dot formation; however, the geometrical characteristics of the cells were also shown to have an effect. An initial increase in the pressure within the printing nip resulted in a significant rise in both solid density and tone gain (growth of the halftone dots) due to improved ink transfer from the plate to the substrate. Subsequent increases in pressure produced little further increase of solid density, indicating ink transfer had reached a plateau. The rate of increase of halftone density was found to be reduced as pressure increased, which was attributed to the ink approaching its maximum capability for spreading on the substrate.
FLT3 expression initiates in fully multipotent mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Buza-Vidas Natalija , Woll Petter , Hultquist Anne , Duarte Sara , Lutteropp Michael , Bouriez-Jones Tiphaine , Ferry Helen , Luc Sidinh , Jacobsen Sten Eirik Waelgaard 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors with down-regulated megakaryocyte-erythroid (MkE) potential are restricted to cells with high levels of cell-surface FLT3 expression, whereas HSCs and MkE progenitors lack detectable cell-surface FLT3. These findings are compatible with FLT3 cell-surface expression not being detectable in the fully multipotent stem/progenitor cell compartment in mice. If so, this process could be distinct from human hematopoiesis, in which FLT3 already is expressed in multipotent stem/progenitor cells. The expression pattern of Flt3 (mRNA) and FLT3 (protein) in multipotent progenitors is of considerable relevance for mouse models in which prognostically important Flt3 mutations are expressed under control of the endogenous mouse Flt3 promoter. Herein, we demonstrate that mouse Flt3 expression initiates in fully multipotent progenitors because in addition to lymphoid and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, FLT3− Mk- and E-restricted downstream progenitors are also highly labeled when Flt3-Cre fate mapping is applied.
BAD-LAMP is a novel biomarker of nonactivated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Defays Axel , David Alexandre , de Gassart Aude , De Angelis Rigotti Francesca , Wenger Till , Camossetto Voahirana , Brousset Pierre , Petrella Tony , Dalod Marc , Gatti Evelina , Pierre Philippe 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The brain and dendritic cell (BAD)–associated lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)–like molecule (BAD-LAMP, c20orf103, UNC-46) is a newly identified member of the family of LAMPs. BAD-LAMP expression in the mouse is confined to neurons. We demonstrate here that in humans, BAD-LAMP can specifically be found in the type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Human BAD-LAMP is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) of freshly isolated CD123+ pDCs and is rapidly lost upon activation by unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligonucleotides. The restricted pattern of BAD-LAMP expression allows for the rapid identification of normal and leukemic human pDCs in tissues and blood.
Megakaryocytes differentially sort mRNAs for matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors into platelets: a mechanism for regulating synthetic events
Authors: Cecchetti Luca , Tolley Neal D. , Michetti Noemi , Bury Loredana , Weyrich Andrew S. , Gresele Paolo 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Megakaryocytes transfer a diverse and functional transcriptome to platelets during the final stages of thrombopoiesis. In platelets, these transcripts reflect the expression of their corresponding proteins and, in some cases, serve as a template for translation. It is not known, however, if megakaryocytes differentially sort mRNAs into platelets. Given their critical role in vascular remodeling and inflammation, we determined whether megakaryocytes selectively dispense transcripts for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) into platelets. Next-generation sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed that megakaryocytes express mRNA for 10 of the 24 human MMP family members. mRNA for all of these MMPs are present in platelets with the exception of MMP-2, 14, and 15. Megakaryocytes and platelets also express mRNA for TIMPs 1-3, but not TIMP-4. mRNA expression patterns predicted the presence and, in most cases, the abundance of each corresponding protein. Nonetheless, exceptions were observed: MMP-2 protein is present in platelets but not its transcript. In contrast, quiescent platelets express TIMP-2 mRNA but only traces of TIMP-2 protein. In response to activating signals, however, platelets synthesize significant amounts of TIMP-2 protein. These results demonstrate that megakaryocytes differentially express mRNAs for MMPs and TIMPs and selectively transfer a subset of these into platelets. Among the platelet messages, TIMP-2 serves as a template for signal-dependent translation.
Production of the plasma-cell survival factor a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) peaks in myeloid precursor cells from human bone marrow
Authors: Matthes Thomas , Dunand-Sauthier Isabelle , Santiago-Raber Marie-Laure , Krause Karl-Heinz , Donze Olivier , Passweg Jakob , McKee Tomas , Huard Bertrand 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe bone marrow (BM) is an organ extremely efficient in mediating long-term survival of plasma cells (PCs), ensuring an immune humoral memory. This implies that the BM must provide continuously key PC survival factors. Our results show that the BM is an organ constitutively rich in a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily implicated in PC survival. APRIL production is induced during hematopoiesis in myeloid cells by non–lineage-committing factors such as stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, IL-3, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand. Notably, APRIL production, both in the human and mouse systems, peaks in myeloid precursor cells, before dropping in fully mature granulocytes. Myeloid cells secrete APRIL that circulates freely in BM plasma to act on PCs, usually at distance from APRIL production sites. Selective APRIL in vivo antagonism and in vitro coculture experiments further demonstrated that myeloid precursor cells mediates PC survival in an APRIL-dependent manner Thus, APRIL production by myeloid precursor cells shows that the 2 main BM functions, hematopoiesis and long-term PC survival, are linked. Such constitutive and high APRIL production may explain why BM mediates long-term PC survival.
Chromothripsis identifies a rare and aggressive entity among newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Magrangeas Florence , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Munshi Nikhil C. , Minvielle Stéphane 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) develops from a premalignant plasma cell proliferative disorder, and with time can progress to a more aggressive disease in extramedullary locations. The gradually clinical evolution is supported by clonal expansion of cells that acquire genetic lesions over years. This model of cancer evolution based on ongoing genomic instability mechanism may apply to development of most MM cases. However, in a small fraction of newly diagnosed MM who relapse quickly and finally die within 2 years, the gradual model appears to be untenable. Analysis of high resolution copy number profiles obtained using single nucleotide polymorphism array data from 764 newly diagnosed MM identified large numbers of genomic rearrangements with the hallmarks of chromothripsis in 1.3% of samples. Moreover, this catastrophic event confers a poor outcome. Because chromothripsis appears to occur in a single crisis, our results suggest that high-risk MM patients use this novel way of cancer evolution.