bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and clinical course of facial nerve paresis following cochlear implant surgery
Authors: Thom Joshua J. , Carlson Matthew L. , Olson Michael D. , Neff Brian A. , Beatty Charles W. , Facer George W. , Driscoll Colin L. W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the prevalence, clinical course, and outcomes of facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation and to identify variables associated with poor definitive facial nerve function.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study with systematic literature review.Methods:All patients who underwent cochlear implantation between January 1990 and December 2010 at a single tertiary academic referral center were reviewed. Data including clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, onset, severity, management, and outcomes of all patients who experienced facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation were recorded.Results:Eight hundred eighty‐eight cochlear implants (282 pediatric, 606 adult) were performed in 768 patients. Eleven patients with postoperative facial nerve paresis were identified. Ten patients (1.1%) developed delayed‐onset paresis and had complete recovery within 6 months of surgery, whereas a single patient (0.1%) demonstrated immediate onset paresis and experienced incomplete return of facial nerve function. Seventeen additional cases were identified in the literature and were summarized.Conclusions:Facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation is rare. Most cases demonstrate a delayed onset and have complete recovery within months of surgery. Delayed onset facial nerve paresis following cochlear implantation heralds an excellent prognosis, whereas immediate onset facial paresis prognosticates a poorer outcome. In the absence of medical contraindications, corticosteroid therapy should be considered in facial paresis following cochlear implant surgery.
The multiplicity of Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis: Correlating surface biofilm and intracellular residence
Authors: Tan Neil C.‐W. , Foreman Andrew , Jardeleza Camille , Douglas Richard , Tran Hai , Wormald Peter John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The biofilm paradigm of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is increasingly understood to play a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease. The role of intracellular infection of sinonasal epithelial cells has been suggested as a potential reservoir of pathogenic organisms that can lead to recalcitrant disease despite maximal medical and surgical treatment. Could a surface biofilm play a role in allowing intracellular infection to occur, and what are the factors associated with potential intracellular infections? The aim of this study was to investigate these questions.Study Design:A prospective study including 36 CRS patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery and five control patients undergoing endonasal pituitary surgery.Methods:Sinonasal mucosa harvested at the time of surgery was examined with a Staphylococcus aureus fluorescence in situ hybridization probe and propodium iodide counterstain using the confocal scanning laser microscope for both biofilm status and evidence of intracellular organisms.Results:Intracellular S aureus was identified in 20/36 (56%) CRS patients compared to 0/8 (0%) control patients. CRS patients with intracellular infection were significantly more likely to harbor surface biofilm (20/20, P = .0014) and have a S aureus‐positive culture swab (12/20, P = .0485).Conclusions:This study gives further evidence supporting a role of intracellular S aureus in CRS. In all cases intracellular infection was associated with surface biofilm, suggesting a potential relationship between the two. Further work is required to delineate the true mechanisms of intracellular persistence and also the role that it plays in the recalcitrant nature of CRS. Laryngoscope, 2012
The outside‐in approach to the modified endoscopic lothrop procedure
Authors: Chin David , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Kalish Larry , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Drilling in modified endoscopic Lothrop procedure (MELP) is traditionally described as commencing from the frontal recess (FR). This is challenging when the FR is involved by tumor, inflammatory disease, or scarring. The outside‐in MELP, where the limits of the sinusotomy are first defined and the FR is addressed last, is described.Study Design:Case‐control study.Methods:Patients undergoing MELP, using the standard or outside‐in approach, for inflammatory disease or endoscopic skull base surgery were assessed. Data were collected on demographics, disease characteristics, and FR involvement. Operative time was calculated from intraoperative video recording. Time points recorded were times to frontal sinus and recess connected for outside‐in MELP and completion of Lothrop cavity for both groups. Perioperative complications (infection, skin breach or contusion, surgical emphysema, orbital bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and intracranial complications) were recorded.Results:Thirty patients (67% female) with a mean age ± standard deviation of 56.0 ± 10.8 years underwent MELP (24 outside‐in, six standard). Time for Lothrop completion was shorter for outside‐in MELP (30.60 ± 14.10 minutes vs. 69.66 ± 64.52 minutes, P = .002). Among outside‐in MELP, mean time to frontal sinus floor discovery was 8.41 ± 6.29 minutes, to recess connected 26.50 ± 12.45 minutes, and were similar regardless of pathology. The time for Lothrop cavity completion was shorter for tumor cases (24.63 ± 6.49 minutes) than for chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps (35.87 ± 20.18 minutes) and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (34.62 ± 11.56 minutes) (P = .05). One patient had skin edema. No other complications were recorded.Conclusions:The outside‐in MELP is technically feasible and safe. Its advantage is a wide approach to the frontal sinus with development of the Lothrop cavity en route resulting in short predictable operative times. Defining the limits of the dissection early provides a robust and efficient approach. Laryngoscope, 2012
Airway stem cells
Authors: Yu Fenggang , Zhao Xuening , Li Chunwei , Li Yingying , Yan Yan , Shi Li , Gordon Bruce R. , Wang De‐Yun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEpithelial remodeling is a part of our natural defense mechanisms, and includes migration, proliferation, and differentiation of epithelial cells, as well as the interactions between epithelial and stromal cells. It is not yet possible to distinguish between cause and effect during epithelium remodeling, and are there no clear roles for the many factors involved in respiratory infectious and inflammatory diseases due to a lack of critical information about epithelial cell responses. Most reported data are from lower airway studies or animal models. Therefore, research based on human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells can illuminate the pathophysiology of nasal airway disease from a different, more specific perspective. In this review, we discuss epithelial stem/progenitor cell research throughout the airway, with special attention to phenotypes and characterization of these cells from the nasal airway. Recently, we have isolated and cultured P63‐positive human epithelial stem/progenitor cells from turbinate biopsies of healthy volunteers and from inflamed mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis. These cells propagate in serum‐free, growth factor‐supplemented, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 media, on either human fibroblast or 3T3 feeder layers. Self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation potential at an air‐liquid interface are being investigated to understand the molecular pathways underlying nasal inflammation. This in vitro culture system for nasal epithelial regeneration will allow molecular studies of human nasal epithelial cell interactions, differentiation, and repair, as well as responses to both environmental agents and to potential anti‐inflammatory treatments.
Feasibility of robot‐assisted submandibular gland resection via retroauricular approach: Preliminary results
Authors: Lee Hyoung Shin , Park Do Yang , Hwang Chi Sang , Bae Seong Hoon , Suh Michelle J. , Koh Yoon Woo , Choi Eun Chang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To present the surgical technique and feasibility of robot‐assisted submandibular gland (SMG) resection via retroauricular approach.Study Design:Feasibility study of case series.Methods:We performed robot‐assisted SMG resection on five patients with benign SMG tumors. The surgical complications, operation time, amount of bleeding, amount and duration of drainage, and duration of hospital stay were reviewed.Results:The surgery was successful in all patients without any significant complications. The mean operation time was 62.4 ± 6.3 minutes, amount of bleeding was 10.4 ± 3.2 mL, amount of drainage was 149.8 ± 114.7 mL (3.2 ± 1.6 days), and duration of hospital stay was 4.2 ± 1.8 days. All patients showed excellent cosmetic satisfaction because the postoperative scar was hidden by the auricle and hair.Conclusions:Robot‐assisted SMG resection was feasible without any significant complications and satisfactory cosmetic results. The safety and oncologic outcome of the procedure should be verified with larger number of patients and longer follow up period. Laryngoscope, 2012
Preauricular infratemporal fossa approach for advanced malignant parotid tumors
Authors: Leonetti John P. , Benscoter Brent J. , Marzo Sam J. , Borrowdale Richard W. , Pontikis George C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The aims of this study were to demonstrate the surgical technique involved in the preauricular infratemporal fossa (ITF) approach, outline the clinical indications for use of this technique, and present the results in using this approach in 159 patients with malignant parotid tumors. At the conclusion of this article, the reader should be able to understand the utility of the preauricular infratemporal fossa approach in the management of patients with advanced malignant parotid tumors.Study Design:This was a retrospective chart review of 159 patients treated at a tertiary care academic medical center following institutional review board approval.Methods:A comprehensive medical records review was performed for all patients with malignant parotid tumors who underwent a preauricular ITF approach between July 1988 and July 2010.Results:The most common presenting symptoms were pain and trismus, whereas the presence of a parotid mass and facial paralysis were the most common clinical signs. Mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma accounted for 63% of the tumors, and perineural invasion was found in nearly 71% of the patients. Despite negative surgical margins in 92% of the patients, local or regional tumor recurrence was found in 17% of the cases. The mean follow‐up time was 12.8 years.Conclusions:The preauricular ITF approach should be used in the surgical extirpation of advanced malignant parotid neoplasms. This technique provides proximal facial nerve identification, internal carotid artery protection, and negative tumor margins at the skull base.
The association between sleep‐disordered breathing and enuresis in children
Authors: Jeyakumar Anita , Rahman Syed I. , Armbrecht Eric S. , Mitchell Ron 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in children diagnosed with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and the effect of adenotonsillectomy (T&A) on nocturnal enuresis.Study Design:Systematic review of the literature.Methods:Systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed and Ovid. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed from 1980 to 2010 to identify children who had SDB and enuresis. A subset of children with enuresis who underwent T&A for SDB were also studied.Results:A total of 14 studies were reviewed. A total of 3,550 children had SDB, of which one‐third (n = 1,113) had a diagnosis of enuresis. Age range was 18 months to 19 years.Seven studies (n =1,360) had data on patients who underwent T&A for SDB with follow‐up data on enuresis. The mean sample size was 194, with a median follow‐up of 6 months and age range of 2 to 18 years. Preoperative prevalence of enuresis was 31% (426/1,360). A total of 587 children were followed after T&A. The postoperative prevalence of enuresis was 16% (95/587; P < .0002, two‐tailed). Most studies did not make a distinction between primary and secondary enuresis. The age range of the subjects (18 months to 19 years) likely included some patients with developmentally acceptable enuresis.Conclusions:SDB in children is associated with nocturnal enuresis. T&A is associated with a significant improvement in enuresis in children with SDB. There is a need for randomized controlled trials to look at the role of T&A in children with SDB and enuresis. Laryngoscope, 2012
Epidemiological aspects of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A population‐based study
Authors: Omland Turid , Akre Harriet , Vårdal Mari , Brøndbo Kjell 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The incidence of genital infections, cervical cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer induced by human papillomaviruses (HPV) is increasing in Western countries. Primarily, this study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in juveniles and adults in two Norwegian subpopulations for each year between 1987 and 2009. The secondary objective of the study was to investigate whether there are trends in the incidence rates of RRP in the study period similar to what we have seen for HPV‐related cancer.Study Design:Population‐based study.Methods:Two Norwegian subpopulations with 2.6 million and 1.1 million inhabitants were investigated for the juvenile and adult forms of RRP, respectively, between the years of 1987 and 2009. Patients treated for RRP were identified in all ear/nose/throat departments located in the two areas.Results:The overall incidence rates of RRP in juveniles and adults were 0.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.25) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.44–0.65) per 100,000, respectively. We found a preponderance of males in both groups (P = .000 for adults and P = .038 for children). There was no significant change in the yearly incidence rate during the study period, for either adults or children, even when stratifying for gender in each group. The median age at onset was 4 years for children and 34 years for adults, with no significant difference between genders, nor significant changes during the study years.Conclusions:This study does not support our hypothesis of an increasing incidence of RRP, for either children or adults. The estimated incidence rates in the Norwegian subpopulations are consistent with former population‐based studies. Male preponderance in children was an unexpected finding. Further studies are warranted. Laryngoscope, 2012
Head and neck cancer in transplant recipients
Authors: Deeb Robert , Sharma Saurabh , Mahan Meredith , al‐Khudari Samer , Hall Francis , Yoshida Atsushi , Schweitzer Vanessa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The development of malignancy in organ transplant patients is a well‐known complication of long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. We sought to characterize our institution's 20‐year experience with head and neck cancer after solid organ transplantation.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:Patients who underwent a solid organ transplant with subsequent development of a head and neck malignancy, including cutaneous and noncutaneous (upper aerodigestive tract and salivary gland) cancers, from January 1990 through December 2011 were identified. Patients were stratified according to cancer type, location, stage, and survival and compared to a nontransplant cohort in our institution's tumor registry.Results:Of 95 patients identified, 17 had noncutaneous and 78 had cutaneous head and neck malignancies post‐transplant. Among the noncutaneous group, no statistically significant differences occurred in age, gender, stage, or 5‐year survival status when compared to the nontransplant tumor registry cohort. However, significantly fewer transplant patients were alive at 1 year. Among the cutaneous group, >50% had multiple malignancies. The total incidence of head and neck cancer following organ transplantation was 2.6%.Conclusions:Although the development of head and neck cancer is a rare side effect of immunosuppression, it still warrants attention. These patients have been found to be less likely to survive >1 year when compared to their nontransplant counterparts. Patients who develop head and neck malignancies following organ transplantation require aggressive screening, treatment, and follow‐up, as this diagnosis may portend a poor prognosis.
Temporal integration of auditory and vestibular stimuli
Authors: Chang Nai‐Yuan N. , Uchanski Rosalie M. , Hullar Timothy E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Integration of balance‐related cues from the vestibular and other sensory systems requires that they be perceived simultaneously despite arriving asynchronously at the central nervous system. Failure to perform temporal integration of multiple sensory signals represents a novel mechanism to explain symptoms in patients with imbalance. This study tested the ability of normal observers to compensate for sensory asynchronies between vestibular and auditory inputs.Study Design:Double‐blinded experimental design.Methods:We performed whole‐body rotations about the earth‐vertical axis following a raised‐cosine trajectory at 0.5 and 1.0 Hz to several peak velocities up to a maximum of 180°/s in five normal subjects. Headphones were used to present a diotic auditory stimulus at various times relative to the onset of the rotation. Subjects were required to indicate which cue occurred first.Results:The vestibular stimulus needed to be presented 61 milliseconds (at a stimulus frequency of 0.5 Hz) and 19 milliseconds (at 1.0 Hz) before the auditory stimulus. Stimuli presented within a window of 300 milliseconds (at 0.5 Hz) to 200 milliseconds (at 1.0 Hz) were judged to be simultaneous.Conclusions:The central nervous system must accommodate for delays in perception of vestibular and other sensory cues. Inaccurate temporal integration of these inputs represents a novel explanation for symptoms of imbalance.
Synthesis and characterisation of antioxidant‐modified esters of dipentaerythritol as lubricating base oil
Authors: Zhang Letao , Cai Guoxing , Wang Yonglei , Eli Wumanjiang 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, five antioxidant‐modified esters were synthesised through two steps of simple esterification. Antioxidant‐modified multi‐hydroxyl compound was synthesised at the first step, and antioxidant‐modified esters were synthesised at the second step. This kind of esters is useful in many fields, such as lubricating oil and cutting compound, because of two important functions (antioxidant and lubricant) in the same compound. The active antioxidant group attached to these esters was 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐propionic acid. The esters were characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The analytical results of FTIR demonstrates the changes of alcoholic hydroxyl and carboxyl and suggests that this synthesis was feasible. The TG analysis and rotating pressure vessel method show that this kind of esters has excellent oxidative stability. The physical properties of lubricating base oil, such as viscosity, viscosity index, pour point and flash point, suggested that this kind of esters can be used as lubricating base oil. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of permeability distribution on the numerical analysis of aerostatic ceramic porous bearings
Authors: Nicoletti Rodrigo , de Moraes Purquerio Benedito , de Castro Silveira Zilda 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis work presents a numerical study on the effect of permeability on the static characteristics of aerostatic ceramic porous bearings. This study is important in bearing design because of the inherent permeability variation of the porous ceramic samples induced by manufacturing and sintering processes. The mathematical modelling of these bearings is based on the modified Reynolds equation, which depends on the pressure‐flow assumption (Darcy or Forchheimer) and on the static and dynamic permeability coefficients of the porous matrix. In this work, the modified Reynolds equation is numerically solved considering the variations of permeability values, whose distribution was obtained from experimental tests of the ceramic samples. Monte Carlo method is used to introduce variability in the solutions. One focuses on the effects of such variation on the results of predicted bearing loading capacity. Results show that optimum regions of the bearing load capacity do not vary significantly due to static and dynamic permeability variations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement in the bonding strength of laminated composites by using air‐textured core‐and‐effect glass yarns
Authors: Mahmood Ali Hasan , Gong Rong Hugh , Porat Isaac 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDelamination is the most common failure mode in laminated composites due to the reduced strength in the through‐the‐thickness direction. Air‐jet texturing was used to produce bulk and loops in the yarn, which provides more surface contact between the fibers and the resin. The development of core‐and‐effect textured glass yarns and the effect of texturing parameters were presented in the previous article. This article describes the effect of texturing on the mechanical properties including tensile properties, flexure properties, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fracture toughness (Mode I) of glass laminated composites. The composites of plain and twill weave fabrics were developed from both the textured and nontextured yarns. It was observed that the tensile properties decreased and the flexure properties remained unchanged after texturing. However, significant improvement was observed in ILSS and the Mode I fracture toughness of the composites after texturing. The bulkier, loopy structure of the textured yarn provided more surface contact between the fiber and the resin and significantly improved the bonding strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Conductive, mechanical, and chemical resistance properties of polyurushiol/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite coatings
Authors: Bai Weibin , Zhuo Dongxian , Xiao Xueqing , Xie Junna , Lin Jinhuo 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe polyurushiol (PUS)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite coatings were prepared by in situ composite method. The fracture morphology of the composite films showed that MWCNTs had been well dispersed in PUS matrix, which significantly decreased the electrical resistivity and the gloss of the composite films. The nonconducting/conducting state transition took place at approximately 3.0 wt% of MWCNTs with the volume electrical resistivity of 104 Ω cm. The results of the mechanical tests revealed that the impact of strength and the storage modulus of the coatings increased with the addition of MWCNTs. Furthermore, the PUS/MWCNTs composite films had good chemical resistance. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers