bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization behavior and compatibility analysis of palm kernel stearin/anhydrous milk fat blends and application
Authors: Su Yi , Chai Xiu‐hang , Tan Chin‐Ping , Liu Yuan‐fa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the compatibility, phase behavior, and crystallization properties of the binary blends of palm kernel stearin (PKS) and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) were investigated by analyzing the solid fat content (SFC), thermal properties, polymorphism, and microstructure, with the aim of providing theoretical guidance for the blending of oils. The results showed that the PKS content primarily determined the SFC trend of the binary blends. However, the binary blends demonstrated poor miscibility and eutectic behavior was predominantly observed in the system, particularly at higher temperatures. Only α and β′ forms appeared in this blended system. Simultaneously, the addition of PKS elevated the liquid phase transition temperature of the binary blends, considerably significantly increased their crystallization rate when the addition of PKS was more than 20% and increased the density and size of the fat crystals. Finally, the mixing design optimization method was used to get the most suitable ratio of the binary blends in the refrigerated cream system with PKS:AMF to be 0.914:0.086. The cream prepared with the above binary blends was indeed superior in overrun and firmness and had high stability.Practical ApplicationSome fats with special advantages are often limited in their wide application because of their poor crystallization ability. In this paper, the crystallization ability of fats is improved, and their application scenarios are increased through the combination of fats, so as to provide reference for the production of special fats for food.
Gluten‐free pasta as an alternative in the diet of patients with celiac disease
Authors: Norma Vázquez‐Mata , García‐Zepeda Rodrigo Antonio , Mitzy Belén Ontiveros‐Higareda , Morales‐Guerrero Josefina Consuelo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that produces inflammation in the gut mucosa, affecting nutrient digestion and absorption. CD affects 0.3% to 1.0% of the world's population and only 15% have a clinical diagnosis. The only effective treatment is a gluten‐free diet. The objective of this study was to develop a dough for gluten‐free pasta prepared with mixtures of flours from corn, amaranth, soy, and rice. According to the FAO standard of 1975, the resultant mixtures should have a protein content greater than 11.0% and a chemical rating of not less than 70. Three mixtures were obtained: corn‒soy (81‐19), corn‒rice‒soy (48‐37‐15), and corn‒rice‒amaranth (49‐32‐14). To improve the handling of the pasta and its physical characteristics (sedimentation, degree of absorption, and cracked shaped pasta) compared to a control (commercial) gluten‐free pasta, carboxymethylcellulose, an emulsifier (distilled monoglycerides), and egg albumin were added at concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, and 5.0%, respectively. The corn flour was pregelatinized, and the extrusion was repeated twice. The experimental pasta had a protein content of 14.0%, which was higher than the commercial pasta (4.5%), and a gluten content of less than 20 mg/kg which, according to the Codex Alimentarius International Food Standard (2015), it is considered gluten‐free. The corn‒rice‒soy pasta obtained had an acceptance and liking similar to a commercial brand. This pasta may widen the gluten‐free products commercially available to CD patients in Mexico, which nowadays is limited and expensive.Practical ApplicationRaw materials available in our country were selected to promote their consumption and diversify the ingredients used in the production of gluten‐free products. The pasta obtained presented a higher nutritional content than a commercial gluten‐free pasta and was comparable to that of a pasta made with wheat.
Elucidation of heavy metal content, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activities of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) and arugula (Brassica eruca L.) grown in urban gardens in Istanbul
Authors: Amanpour Armin , Coskun Beril , Kanmaz Hilal , Turan Busra Kaya , Soylu Meltem , Celik Fatma , Hayaloglu Ali Adnan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two distances: close (0–10 m) and far (60 m) from the heavy traffic roadside, at three different cultivation sites (MS: Mevlanakapi–Silivrikapi, SB: Silivrikapi–Belgradkapi, and BY: Belgradkapi–Yedikule kapi) along the road line. First, the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical properties in kale and arugula vegetables were examined. Second, heavy metal concentrations in vegetables, soil, and irrigated water were investigated. In both vegetables, the highest total phenolic content was detected in samples obtained from far distance in SB site (3880.3 mg/kg) for kale and in BY site (1459.9 mg/kg) for arugula, whereas the lowest content was found at the close distance in MS site for both kale (448.5 mg/kg) and arugula (586.4 mg/kg). The antioxidant activity values [mg Trolox/kg (dw)] ranged from 366.74 to 586.10 and 2349.00 to 3757.4 for kale and from 520.00 to 945.60 and 3323.00 to 5814.70 for arugula in 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl methods, respectively. The levels of Cd and Hg in kale and arugula and Fe content in arugula exceeded FAO/WHO permissible limits, making them unsafe for human consumption. Meanwhile, the Pb content in kale and arugula and Fe content in kale were observed to be within acceptable limits set by FAO/WHO. In the irrigated water, the Pb value was below the permissible limit, whereas the Cd value was above it and no Hg and Fe were detected. In the soil samples, the Pb and Fe values were below the limit, whereas the Cd and Hg values were higher.
Alterations in peripheral T‐ and B‐cell subsets in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Wu Jialing , Zhang Xi , Lin Shen , Wei Qiujing , Lin Zhiming , Jin Ou , Gu Jieruo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the alteration of peripheral T and B cell subsets in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to evaluate their correlation with the progression of SSc.MethodsWe recruited 47 SSc patients and 45 healthy controls (HCs) in this study. Demographic and clinical data were then collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportions of 44 different T and B cell subsets in circulating blood.ResultsThe proportion of total B cells (p = .043) decreased in SSc patients, together with similar frequencies of total T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in both groups. Several subsets of T and B cells differed significantly between these two groups. Follicular helper T cells‐1 (Tfh1) (p < .001), helper T cells‐1 (Th1) (p = .001), regulatory T cells (Treg) (p = .004), effector memory CD8+ T cells (p = .041), and cytotoxic T cells‐17 (Tc17) (p = .01) were decreased in SSc patients. Follicular helper T cells‐2 (Tfh2) (p = .001) and, helper T cells‐2 (Th2) (p = .001) levels increased in the SSc group. Regulatory B cells (Breg) (p = .015) were lower in the SSc group, together with marginal zone (MZ) B cells (p < .001), memory B cells (p = .001), and non‐switched B cells (p = .005). The modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) correlated with helper T cells‐17 (Th17) (r = −.410, p = .004), Tfh1 (r = −.321, p = .028), peripheral helper T cells (Tph) (r = −.364, p = .012) and plasma cells (r = −.312, p = .033).ConclusionsThe alterations in T and B cells implied immune dysfunction, which may play an essential role in systemic sclerosis.
Filtering heart rates using data densities: The boxfilter R package
Authors: Ruf Thomas , Signer Claudio , Arnold Walter , Vetter Sebastian G. , Bieber Claudia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in long‐term heart rate records, especially from free‐living animals. Largely, this increase is because most of the metabolic activity of tissues is based on oxygen delivery by the heart. Therefore, heart rate has served as a proxy for energy expenditure in animals.

However, heart rates or other physiological variables recorded in humans and animals using loggers often contain noise. False measurements are sometimes eliminated by hand or by filters that reject variables based on the shape or frequency of the signal. Occasionally, outliers are rejected because they occur a long distance from genuine data.

We introduce an R package, boxfilter, which enables users to eliminate noise based on counting the number of close neighbours inside a gliding window. Depending on the cut‐off value chosen, a focal point with a low proportion of neighbours will be rejected as noise.

All three parameters, namely window width and height, as well as the cut‐off value, can be computed automatically. The choice of the clip‐off value beyond which data points are discarded is crucial. The package boxfilter cannot, of course, solve problems caused by completely erroneous measurements.

Like the human eye, this filter prefers points that are part of a pattern, such as a dense band, and rejects isolated values. The boxfilter may also be applied to other measures than heart rate that do not change instantaneously, such as body temperature, blood pressure or sleep parameters.
Long‐term trends in beverage‐specific drinking in the National Alcohol Surveys: Differences by sex, age, and race and ethnicity
Authors: Kerr William C. , Lui Camillia K. , Ye Yu , Li Libo , Greenfield Thomas , Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine J. , Martinez Priscilla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite substantial declines in underage drinking and binge drinking, alcohol consumption has increased in the past 30 years. This study examined how beverage‐specific drinking patterns varied by sex, age, and race and ethnicity from 1979 to 2020.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from the National Alcohol Survey series from 1979 to 2020 of a sample of U.S. adults ages 18 years or older. Total and beverage‐specific volume were calculated from graduated frequency questions on reported beverage type, which included beer, wine, and spirits. Sex‐stratified analyses focused on descriptive trends of each alcohol measure over time and by age and race and ethnicity. Time‐varying effect models were also conducted to identify subgroups at higher risk for increased consumption over time.ResultsWomen's drinking increased, with alcohol volume rising substantially from 2000 to 2020; the largest increase was among women 30 and older. Men's alcohol volume also rose over this period but remained below the levels of 1979 and 1984, with older adults increasing their consumption those 18–29 decreased their drinking. Beverage‐specific trends showed some similarities by gender: in 2020, wine volume was at its highest level for both women and men, while spirits volume also was at its highest level for men and in women was tied with the 1979 peak in spirits consumption. Increases were also found among Black men and women and Latina women from 2000 to 2020.ConclusionsGiven the increases in alcohol volume, particularly among women and older age groups, alcohol policy, interventions, and education should consider ways to reduce harms associated with alcohol use among these groups. Continued monitoring of beverage‐specific drinking patterns is needed to track policy‐relevant changes.
Antenatal health and perinatal outcomes of Pacific Islander women in Australia with and without gestational diabetes: A ten‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jones Annabel S. , Deitch Jessica , Yates Christopher , Hamblin Peter Shane , Teale Glyn , Kevat Dev , Lee I‐Lynn 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPacific Islander (PI) women in Australia have an increased risk of gestational diabetes (GDM); however, their perinatal outcomes are poorly understood.AimThe aim was to determine the maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes of PI women with and without GDM compared to Australian/European (AE)–born women.MethodsA retrospective analysis of perinatal outcomes of singleton deliveries >20 weeks’ gestation between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2020 was conducted at a tertiary provider (Melbourne, Australia). Antenatal details and birth outcomes were extracted from the Birth Outcome Systems database. t‐Tests and χ2, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between ethnicity and outcomes.ResultsOf 52,795 consecutive births, 24,860 AE women (13.3% with GDM) and 1207 PI‐born women (20.1% with GDM) were compared. PI women had significantly greater pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and significantly lower rates of smoking and nulliparity. PI women with GDM had higher rates of pre‐eclampsia (P < 0.001), large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) neonates (P = 0.037) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (P = 0.017) but lower rates of small‐for‐gestational age neonates (P = 0.034). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)/special care nursery requirements did not increase. After having adjusted for covariates, PI women's risk of LGA neonates (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1.31) was attenuated; however, risk of pre‐eclampsia (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01–2.21) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (aOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.96) still increased. They were less likely to require a primary caesarean section (aOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73–0.99).ConclusionPI women have higher BMI and GDM rates, contributing to an increased likelihood of adverse perinatal outcomes. BMI is a modifiable risk factor that could be addressed prenatally.
Low concentrations of TNF‐α in vitro transform the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells and enhance their survival in a three‐dimensional culture system
Authors: Sun Xu‐heng , Jiang Hong‐jing , Liu Qing , Xiao Cong , Xu Jian‐yi , Wu Yindi , Mei Jing‐yi , Wu Shu‐ting , Lin Zhan‐yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are commonly used as seed cells in tissue‐engineered vascular constructions. However, their variable phenotypes and difficult to control functions pose challenges. This study aimed to overcome these obstacles using a three‐dimensional culture system.MethodsCalf VSMCs were administered tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) before culturing in two‐ and three‐dimensional well plates and polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds, respectively. The phenotypic markers of VSMCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting, and the proliferation and migration abilities of VSMCs were detected by CCK‐8, EDU, cell counting, scratch, and Transwell assays.ResultsTNF‐α rapidly decreased the contractile phenotypic markers and elevated the synthetic phenotypic markers of VSMCs, as well as markedly increasing the proliferation and migration ability of VSMCs under two‐ and three‐dimensional culture conditions.ConclusionsTNF‐α can rapidly induce a phenotypic shift in VSMCs and change their viability on PGA scaffolds.
Temporal changes in incidence, prevalence and causes of childhood visual impairment – Learnings from 45 years with the National Danish Registry of Children with Visual Impairment
Authors: Kessel Line , Jensen Hanne , Larsen Ann‐Cathrine , Rosenberg Thomas , Nissen Kamilla Rothe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to describe the temporal changes in causes and prevalence of childhood visual impairment in Denmark based on the National Danish Registry of Children with Visual Impairment (NDRCVI).MethodsAnnual reports on the NDRCVI since its establishment in 1979 were reviewed and data on the number of registered children and the causes for registration with a visual impairment were evaluated.ResultsThe average annual incidence of childhood visual impairment in Denmark is 2.8 per 1000 live‐born children and the prevalence of childhood visual impairment is 1.6 per 1000 children <18 years. Today, fewer children are severely visually impaired (visual acuity ≤6/60) at the time of registration (31.6% since 2010 vs. 51.1% in the 1980s). Cerebral visual impairment and optic nerve atrophy have remained common causes of childhood visual impairment whereas sequelae to retinopathy of prematurity have been almost eliminated as a cause. Systemic comorbidities are more common now in children with visual impairment (seen in 63.9% in the last decades vs. 44.6%in the 1980‐ties).ConclusionWhereas the prevalence of visual impairment has remained relatively stable over the years, the severity of visual impairment has improved, suggesting that more children will be able to live an active life supported by aids compensating vision loss. However, more children have systemic comorbidities in combination with their visual impairment suggesting that children with visual impairment face a life not only limited by the obstacles of poor vision. This calls for multidisciplinary management and support of affected children and families.
Influences of oxidative stress and energy balance on pregnancy rates after the transfer of embryos to repeat‐breeder Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Isobe Tomohiro , Kajihara Yuusuke , Ikebata Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to reassess our previously reported findings on the diminished pregnancy rate of embryo transfer (ET) in summer for repeat‐breeder (RB) cows compared with other seasons, with a focus on oxidative stress and energy balance. The study involved Japanese Black cattle, including 224 heifers (aged <3 years) and 278 (aged <9 years) cows with one or more deliveries, defined as RB animals. Evaluation of the effects of season on pregnancy rates revealed significantly lower rates in RB cows during summer compared with spring and autumn. Moreover, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in RB cows during summer was significantly higher than in winter, with no difference in RB heifers. Seasonal effects on serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in both RB heifers and RB cows showed no significant differences. However, median MDA and NEFA concentrations in RB cows were significantly elevated compared with RB heifers, suggesting that factors contributing to low fertility should consider parity. Furthermore, our study indicated that RB cows were under oxidative stress, as demonstrated by significantly elevated MDA concentrations compared with normally reproducing cows in summer. Further investigation is necessary to gain a better understanding of these observations in the future.
The information, control, and value models of mobile health‐driven empowerment
Authors: Gray Jesse , Segers Seppe , Mertes Heidi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMobile health tools are often said to empower users by providing them with the information they need to exercise control over their health. We aim to bring clarity to this claim, and in doing so explore the relationship between empowerment and autonomy. We have identified three distinct models embedded in the empowerment rhetoric: empowerment as information, empowerment as control, and empowerment as values. Each distinct model of empowerment gives rise to an associated problem. These problems, the Problem of Interpretation, the Value Alignment Problem, and the Priority Problem, show that mobile health tools in their current form are either insufficient for empowerment or are self‐defeating. These digital health technologies encourage users to adopt an individualized conception of autonomy, one that may weaken the doctor–patient relationship and undermine practices in shared decision making, and ultimately may not deliver on improving the health outcomes for those that need it the most.
Surveillance of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer with blue‐light cystoscopy: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sari Motlagh Reza , Ghoreifi Alireza , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Kawada Tatsushi , Ahyai Sascha , Merseburger Axel S. , Abufaraj Mohammad , Abern Michael , Djaladat Hooman , Daneshmand Siamak , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the value of flexible blue‐light cystoscopy (BLC) vs flexible white‐light cystoscopy (WLC) in the surveillance setting of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).MethodsAll major databases were searched for articles published before May 2023 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The primary outcome was the accuracy of flexible BLC vs WLC in detecting bladder cancer recurrence among suspicious bladder lesions.ResultsA total of 10 articles, comprising 1634 patients, were deemed eligible for the quantitative synthesis. In the meta‐analysis focusing on the detection of disease recurrence, there was no difference between flexible BLC and WLC (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–1.41)]; the risk difference (RD) showed 1% of flexible BLC, corresponding to a number needed to treat (NNT) of 100. In the subgroup meta‐analysis of detection of carcinoma in situ (CIS) only, there was again no significant difference between flexible BLC and WLC (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.82–1.69), BLC was associated with a RD of 2% (NNT = 50). The positive predictive values for flexible BLC and WLC in detecting all types of recurrence were 72% and 66%, respectively, and for CIS they were 39% and 29%, respectively.ConclusionSurveillance of NMIBC with flexible BLC could detect more suspicious lesions and consequently more tumour recurrences compared to flexible WLC, with a increase in the rate of false positives leading to overtreatment. A total of 100 and 50 flexible BLC procedures would need to be performed to find on additional tumor and CIS recurences, respectively. A risk‐stratified strategy for patient selection could be considered when using flexible BLC for the surveillance of NMIBC patients.
Immunotherapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: an abridged Cochrane review
Authors: Maisch Philipp , Hwang Eu Chang , Kim Kwangmin , Narayan Vikram M. , Bakker Caitlin , Kunath Frank , Dahm Philipp 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of immunotherapy compared to chemotherapy as first‐ and second‐line treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.MethodsBased on a published protocol, we performed a systematic search of multiple databases. Two review authors independently performed the literature selection, identified relevant studies, assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, and extracted data. We performed statistical analyses using a random‐effects model and assessed the quality of the evidence on a per‐outcome basis according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsWe included five randomised controlled trials and also identified seven single‐arm studies. When used as first‐line therapy, immunotherapy probably has little to no effect on the risk of death from any cause compared to chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.07; moderate‐certainty evidence). immunotherapy probably has little to no effect on health‐related quality of life (mean difference [MD] 4.10, 95% CI 3.83–4.37; moderate). Immunotherapy probably reduces grade 3–5 adverse events (risk ratio [RR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.75; moderate). In the second‐line setting immunotherapy may reduce the risk of death from any cause (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.81; low). Immunotherapy may have little to no effect on health‐related quality of life when compared to chemotherapy (MD 4.82, 95% CI −3.11 to 12.75; low). Immunotherapy may reduce grade 3–5 adverse events (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.97; low).ConclusionsCompared to chemotherapy, immunotherapy has little to no effect on the risk of death from any cause in a first‐line setting. Nevertheless, it may reduce the risk of death from any cause when used as second‐line therapy. The health‐related quality of life of participants receiving first‐ and second‐line therapy does not appear to be affected by immunotherapy. Immunotherapy probably reduces or may reduce grade 3–5 adverse events when used as first‐ and second‐line therapy, respectively.