bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the occurrence of schizophrenia-like psychosis in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Taylor David C. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisFrom a series of 255 patients who had undergone temporal lobectomy for the relief of intractable psychomotor epilepsy, all 47 patients with ‘alien tissue’ (small tumours, hamartomas, focal dysplasia) in the resected temporal lobe were contrasted with a group of 41 patients who showed mesial temporal sclerosis in their resected lobe. Five per cent of the mesial temporal sclerosis group and 23% of the alien tissue group were psychotic. A marked interaction occurred between psychosis and ‘left handedness’. In the alien tissue group, females, especially left-handed females, were the most likely to have developed a schizophrenia-like psychosis.
Tricyclic antidepressants and tryptophan in unipolar depression
Authors: Shaw David M. , Macsweeney David A. , Hewland Robyn , Johnson Anthony L. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisDepressed patients (unipolar) were given one of the following combinations in an attempt to test aspects of the ‘amine hypothesis’ and to find a preferential therapy: (1) clomipramine; (2) clomipramine and tryptophan; (3) desipramine and clomipramine, and (4) desipramine and tryptophan. Treatment (2) should have given optimal potentiation of 5-HT neurones and (3) and (4) should have acted similarly on both serotoninergic and adrenergic pathways. In no group was there any evidence of accelerated recovery, indicating that the process of conversion to normal mood may be more complex than suggested by most versions of the amine hypothesis.
Urinary excretion of the sulphate and glucuronide of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in a manic-depressive patient
Authors: Bond P. A. , Dimitrakoudi Maria , Howlett D. R. , Jenner F. A. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe sulphate and glucuronide conjugates of 4-OH-3-methoxyphenylethyleneglycol (MOPEG) and 4-OH-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA) have been serially studied in the urine of a manic-depressive patient before and after a therapeutic response to lithium carbonate. Excretion of both conjugates correlates with changes in mood. Some reasons to suggest that the sulphate might be a more useful measure of brain activity are stated.
Survey of incapacity associated with mental handicap at Rampton and Moss Side Special Hospitals: a comparison with the 1970 National Survey
Authors: Parker Elizabeth 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThe results of a survey carried out at Rampton and Moss Side Special Hospitals into physical and behavioural incapacity associated with mental handicap are described and compared with the findings of the 1970 National Survey. The Special Hospital patients were found to be less mentally handicapped than similar patients in subnormality hospitals in the National Health Service. The prevalence of physical incapacity associated with mental handicap was also lower in the Special Hospitals but the Special Hospital patients were assessed as more behaviourally disordered. In both surveys the incapacities present were concentrated in the severely mentally handicapped patients. In the Special Hospitals survey the women, when compared with the men, were found to be more behaviourally disordered and to suffer from a greater degree of multiple severe incapacity. All the differences found between the two surveys are consistent with the statutory criteria for admission to a Special Hospital.
Value of family background and clinical features as predictors of long-term outcome in anorexia nervosa: four-year follow-up study of 41 patients
Authors: Morgan H. G. , Russell G. F. M. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisThis is a prognostic study on 41 patients with anorexia nervosa (including three males) who satisfied defined diagnostic criteria. The patients had all been admitted to a metabolic unit where the mainstay of treatment was nursing care aimed at rapid restoration of body weight. A follow-up was conducted after a minimum lapse of four years after each patient's discharge from hospital. The outcome of the patient's illness was expressed in terms of an ‘average outcome score’ and a ‘general outcome’. The series included a relatively high proportion of patients with a long illness who had received previous psychiatric treatment. Their families tended to come from higher social classes; a disturbed relationship with the patient was frequent. Premorbid disturbances in personality development were also common. The immediate response to treatment was excellent, with the majority of the patients returning to a normal weight, but relapses after discharge were common and readmissions were necessary in half the patients. At follow-up, the patients fell into the following defined categories: ‘good’ (39%), ‘intermediate’ (27%), ‘poor’ (29%), died (5%). Most of the patients who failed to recover continued to display the clinical features characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Among predictors of an unfavourable outcome were found a relatively late age of onset, a longer duration of illness, previous admissions to psychiatric hospitals, a disturbed relationship between the patient and other members of the family, and premorbid personality difficulties. It is suggested that the long-term outcome found in a series will depend more on factors influencing patient referral according to the severity of their illness, rather than on the method of treatment itself. The illness may last several years before eventual improvement or recovery, and a follow-up study must be extended over at least four years to be meaningful. An accurate prediction of eventual outcome is almost impossible, but late recoveries justify an optimistic outlook and continued therapeutic endeavour.
Mental health care in the community: an evaluative study
Authors: Cooper B. , Harwin B. G. , Depla C. , Shepherd Michael 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisA study was designed to assess the therapeutic value of attaching a social worker to a metropolitan group practice in the management of chronic neurotic illness. The psychiatric and social status of a group of patients before treatment and after one year was compared with the status of a control group treated more conventionally over the same period. The results indicate that the experimental service conferred some benefit on the patient population.
Factors associated with attempted suicide among hospitalized depressed patients
Authors: Crook Thomas , Raskin Allen , Davis David 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisAn attempt was made to identify background, sociodemographic and clinical variables which are associated with attempted suicide in depression. Within a sample of 308 depressed psychiatric inpatients, suicide attempters were younger than non-attempters and were identified by a pattern of chronic interpersonal maladjustment reflected clinically in withdrawal from social contact and the display of hostility or irritability toward others.
Correlates of placebo reaction in an outpatient population
Authors: Shapiro Arthur K. , Struening Elmer L. , Barten Harvey , Shapiro Elaine 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisVariable s describing 113 outpatients of a mental health clinic were derived from a Placebo Test, the MMPI, a Symptom Check List, measures of response style, and a questionnaire containing historical and demographic information. Two highly reliable scales, the Placebo Effect Scale (PES) and the Side Effect Scale (SES) were derived from the Placebo Test and served as dependent variables. PES scores were inversely related to reporting symptoms and unrelated to measures of response style. SES scores were directly related to reporting symptoms and with several measures of response style. There was a curvilinear relationship between placebo response and reporting side-effects. Implications of results for further research are presented.
Changes in serum tryptophan and albumin binding of tryptophan in chlorpromazine-treated chronic schizophrenics on withdrawal and restoration of drug therapy
Authors: Bender D. A. , Pigache R. M. , Gruzelier J. , Hammond N. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisWithdrawal of drug from a group of chlorpromazine-treated chronic male schizophrenics led to a significant rise in the initially low serum tryptophan concentration, and a rise in the fraction freely diffusible. These changes, which would be expected to lead to an increase in tryptophan influx into the brain, and hence to an increase in cerebral serotonin synthesis, could be related to the clinical effects of drug withdrawal.
Factor analysis of objective and subjective characteristics of a night's sleep
Authors: Johns M. W. 
Published: July 2009

SynopsisFactor analysis was performed on objectively measured and subjectively reported characteristics of 46 nights' sleep in four healthy male subjects. The fragmentation of sleep by awakenings during the night, the delay before falling asleep, the total duration of sleep, and the amount of delta-wave sleep formed the bases of four separate factors.
Erdős–Ko–Rado in Random Hypergraphs
Authors: BALOGH JÓZSEF , BOHMAN TOM , MUBAYI DHRUV 
Published: July 2009

Let 3 ≤k<n/2. We prove the analogue of the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem for the randomk-uniform hypergraphGk(n,p) whenk< (n/2)1/3; that is, we show that with probability tending to 1 asn→ ∞, the maximum size of an intersecting subfamily ofGk(n,p) is the size of a maximum trivial family. The analogue of the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem does not hold for allpwhenk≫n1/3.We give quite precise results fork<n1/2−ϵ. For largerkwe show that the random Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem holds as long aspis not too small, and fails to hold for a wide range of smaller values ofp. Along the way, we prove that every non-trivial intersectingk-uniform hypergraph can be covered byk2−k+ 1 pairs, which is sharp as evidenced by projective planes. This improves upon a result of Sanders [7]. Several open questions remain.
Finding an Unknown Acyclic Orientation of a Given Graph
Authors: PIKHURKO OLEG 
Published: July 2009

Let c(G) be the smallest number of edges we have to test in order to determine an unknown acyclic orientation of the given graph G in the worst case. For example, if G is the complete graph on n vertices, then c(G) is the smallest number of comparisons needed to sort n numbers.We prove that c(G) ≤ (1/4 + o(1))n2 for any graph G on n vertices, answering in the affirmative a question of Aigner, Triesch and Tuza [Discrete Mathematics144 (1995) 3–10]. Also, we show that, for every ϵ > 0, it is NP-hard to approximate the parameter c(G) within a multiplicative factor 74/73 − ϵ.
Fine structural observation on the oogenesis and vitellogenesis of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus sinensis)
Authors: Nainan Hei , Ping Yang , Yang Yang , Jinxiong Liu , Huijun Bao , Haili Liu , Hui Zhang , Qiusheng Chen 
Published: July 2009

SummaryFine structure observations were performed by means of electron microscopy on oogenesis and vitellogenesis and the special functions of follicular cells in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiseus sinensis). Histological examination of the ovary showed a well developed lacunae system containing fine granules, fibres or gelatiniform materials with one or two germinal beds dispersed on the dorsal surface of the ovarian cortex. The process of oogenesis comprised 10 consecutive phases according to the morphology of the yolk platelets, follicular cells and zona pellucida (ZP). Electron microscopy of vitellogenesis revealed some of the mitochondria gradually being transformed into yolk granules. In the advanced stage of vitellogenesis, large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticula, Golgiosomes and other cell organelles that are involved in synthesis and secretion were observed in follicular cells. The ZP was formed by microvilli, thus increasing the absorptive surface of the oocyte and facilitating transport of nutrients from the follicular epithelium to the ooplasm. This study demonstrated that the ovaries of members of the Testudinidae share more features with Archosaurs than with Squamates, indicating that these features were phylogenetically conserved in the Archosauria. The present observations suggest that the accumulation of yolk materials was controlled by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways as well as by the activity of follicular cells. These results might also support a sibling relationship of the Testudinidae with the Archosauria and not with all extant reptiles.
(Southern) African Anglican Biblical Interpretation: A Postcolonial Project
Authors: West Gerald 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article argues that context is an important fourth factor, alongside the more familiar three, in understanding Anglicanism in (Southern) Africa. As imperialism was an important part of the early context of the Bible’s presence within Southern African Anglicanism, the bulk of the present article charts the contours of imperial Southern African Anglicanism. Having mapped this territory, the article then probes what a postcolonial analysis of Southern African Anglican biblical interpretation might look like, outlining two related components: a descriptive component and an interventionist component. The descriptive task asks how Southern African Anglicans have read the Scriptures, and the interventionist task asks how Southern African Anglicans should read the Scriptures. The former requires a careful Foucault-like ‘archaeological’ analysis and the latter a recognition of the contextually-related resources of African biblical scholarship.
Bacterial succession in a glacier foreland of the High Arctic
Authors: Schütte Ursel M E , Abdo Zaid , Bent Stephen J , Williams Christopher J , Schneider G Maria , Solheim Bjørn , Forney Larry J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Succession is defined as changes in biological communities over time. It has been extensively studied in plant communities, but little is known about bacterial succession, in particular in environments such as High Arctic glacier forelands. Bacteria carry out key processes in the development of soil, biogeochemical cycling and facilitating plant colonization. In this study we sampled two roughly parallel chronosequences in the foreland of Midre Lovén glacier on Svalbard, Norway and tested whether any of several factors were associated with changes in the structure of bacterial communities, including time after glacier retreat, horizontal variation caused by the distance between chronosequences and vertical variation at two soil depths. The structures of soil bacterial communities at different locations were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S rRNA genes, and the data were analyzed by sequential analysis of log-linear statistical models. Although no significant differences in community structure were detected between the two chronosequences, statistically significant differences between sampling locations in the surface and mineral soils could be demonstrated even though glacier forelands are patchy and dynamic environments. These findings suggest that bacterial succession occurs in High Arctic glacier forelands but may differ in different soil depths.
Systematic artifacts in metagenomes from complex microbial communities
Authors: Gomez-Alvarez Vicente , Teal Tracy K , Schmidt Thomas M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Metagenomics is providing an unprecedented view of the taxonomic diversity, metabolic potential and ecological role of microbial communities in biomes as diverse as the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, the marine water column and soils. However, we have found a systematic error in metagenomes generated by 454-based pyrosequencing that leads to an overestimation of gene and taxon abundance; between 11% and 35% of sequences in a typical metagenome are artificial replicates. Here we document the error in several published and original datasets and offer a web-based solution (http://microbiomes.msu.edu/replicates) for identifying and removing these artifacts.
Novel organization of aromatic degradation pathway genes in a microbial community as revealed by metagenomic analysis
Authors: Suenaga Hikaru , Koyama Yoshinori , Miyakoshi Masatoshi , Miyazaki Ryo , Yano Hirokazu , Sota Masahiro , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Tsuda Masataka , Miyazaki Kentaro 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Several types of environmental bacteria that can aerobically degrade various aromatic compounds have been identified. The catabolic genes in these bacteria have generally been found to form operons, which promote efficient and complete degradation. However, little is known about the degradation pathways in bacteria that are difficult to culture in the laboratory. By functionally screening a metagenomic library created from activated sludge, we had earlier identified 91 fosmid clones carrying genes for extradiol dioxygenase (EDO), a key enzyme in the degradation of aromatic compounds. In this study, we analyzed 38 of these fosmids for the presence and organization of novel genes for aromatics degradation. Only two of the metagenomic clones contained complete degradation pathways similar to those found in known aromatic compound-utilizing bacteria. The rest of the clones contained only subsets of the pathway genes, with novel gene arrangements. A circular 36.7-kb DNA form was assembled from the sequences of clones carrying genes belonging to a novel EDO subfamily. This plasmid-like DNA form, designated pSKYE1, possessed genes for DNA replication and stable maintenance as well as a small set of genes for phenol degradation; the encoded enzymes, phenol hydroxylase and EDO, are capable of the detoxification of aromatic compounds. This gene set was found in 20 of the 38 analyzed clones, suggesting that this ‘detoxification apparatus’ may be widespread in the environment.
Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence
Authors: Stephenson Robert L. , Melvin Gary D. , Power Michael J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Stephenson, R. L., Melvin, G. D., and Power, M. J. 2009. Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1733–1739. The issue of herring population structure has been debated for more than a century. Population integrity and connectivity have become an increasingly important problem for both resource evaluation (e.g. concern for the use of appropriate modelling approaches) and management (e.g. increasing attention to the preservation of within-species diversity and the complexity of mixed-stock fisheries). In recent decades, there has been considerable advancement in the scientific information related to herring population structure, but papers continue to demonstrate a spectrum of conclusions related to population integrity and connectivity at various scales. We review herring stock structure in the western Atlantic, specifically addressing the assumptions currently being used in management and the validity of scientific evidence on which these assumptions are based. Herring of the western Atlantic exhibit considerable population discreteness and limited connectivity on the temporal and spatial scales that are of relevance to management. Maintaining the resulting population complexity is a challenge, particularly because preservation of within-species diversity is an important element of an ecosystem approach to management.
Fuzzy diel patterns in catchability of deep-water species on the continental margin
Authors: Bahamon Nixon , Sardà Francesc , Aguzzi Jacopo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBahamon, N., Sardà, F., and Aguzzi, J. 2009. Fuzzy diel patterns in catchability of deep-water species on the continental margin. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2211–2218. Exploited deep-water fish communities on continental margins are poorly understood in terms of variations in species composition and abundance by depth and season as a response to diel changes in light intensity and length of photoperiod. Innovative fuzzy clustering and traditional agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods were applied to data from bottom trawls collected continuously for 4 d in October and June, on the shelf (100–110 m) and upper slope (400–430 m). Fuzzy clustering was more effective than hierarchical clustering at characterizing diel variations in catches from the upper slope because the species assemblage did not show a distinct day and night structure. On the shelf, the species assemblages shifted abruptly between a diurnal and a nocturnal structure at sunset and sunrise, and the two clustering methods yielded similar results. Endobenthic decapods with marked crepuscular-nocturnal emergence from the substratum were mostly responsible for this pattern. No clearly discernible diel pattern was found with the dampening of light intensity with depth, weakening the behavioural response of endobenthos to the day–night cycle. The results indicated that the regulatory effect of the light cycle on diel activity rhythms weakens with depth.
A Phytoplasma Associated with an Outbreak of an Unusual Disease of Chrysanthemum in China in 2008
Authors: Min H. , Hu S. B. , Li Z. N. , Wu Y. F. , Zhang C. P. , Wei T. 
Published: July 2009

In August of 2008, a disease of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium (Ramat.) Tzvel) caused losses of 70 to 80% in one of the largest chrysanthemum gardens in Yangling, Shanxi Province, China. Chrysanthemum plants in nearby areas also were affected to various degrees. Symptoms included flattened stems, shortening of internodes, yellowing of leaf margins, root death, and dwarfing of plants. Affected plants eventually collapsed. On the basis of these symptoms, a phytoplasma was suspected. Total nucleic acids were extracted from 0.5 g of phloem tissue from stems of eight symptomatic and eight asymptomatic plants by the cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) method (1). To amplify phytoplasma DNA, primer pairs R16mF2/R16mR1, followed by R16F2n/R16R1 (2), were used in a nested PCR. A final amplicon product (1.2 kb) was obtained from all symptomatic plants but not from asymptomatic ones. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of R16F2n/R16R1 amplicons with MseI, AluI, HhaI, HaeIII, KpnI, RsaI, and HpaII endonucleases indicated that all symptomatic plants, but none of the asymptomatic plants, contained a phytoplasma strain of group 16SrI, subgroup B (3). A search of rDNA sequences in GenBank revealed a similarity (>99%) to aster yellow phytoplasma, 16SrI group, thereby confirming strain identity based on RFLP analysis. These results indicate the disease of chrysanthemum is associated with a phytoplasma related to the aster yellow phytoplasma group. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession No. FJ543467). A vector of this phytoplasma in chrysanthemum has not been identified. References: (1) E. Angelini et al. Vitis 40:79, 2001. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 48:1153, 1998.