bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genome‐wide SNP scan reveals two loci associated with the chicken resistance to Marek's disease
Authors: Li D. F. , Lian L. , Qu L. J. , Chen Y. M. , Liu W. B. , Chen S. R. , Zheng J. X. , Xu G. Y. , Yang N. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMarek's disease (MD) is a neoplastic disease in chickens, caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV). To investigate host genetic resistance to MD, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on 67 MDV‐infected chickens based on a case and control design, including 57 susceptible chickens in the case group and 10 resistant chickens as controls. After searching 38 655 valid genomic markers, two SNPs were found to be associated with host resistance to MD. One SNP, rs14527240, reaching chromosome‐wide significance level (P < 0.01) was located in the SPARC‐related modular calcium‐binding 1 (SMOC1) gene on GGA5. The other one, GGaluGA156129, reaching genome‐wide significance (P < 0.05), was located in the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non‐receptor type 3 (PTPN3) gene on GGA2. In addition, expression patterns of these two genes in spleens were detected by qPCR. The expression of SMOC1 was significantly up‐regulated (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of PTNP3 did not show significance when the case group was compared with the control group. Up‐regulation of SMOC1 in susceptible spleens suggests its important roles in MD tumorigenesis. This is the first study to investigate MD‐resistant loci, and it demonstrates the power of GWASs for mapping genes associated with MD resistance.
Interleukin‐27 suppresses osteoclastogenesis via induction of interferon‐γ
Authors: Park Jin‐Sil , Jung Young Ok , Oh Hye‐Joa , Park Seong Jeong , Heo Yu‐Jung , Kang Chang‐Min , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Ju Ji Hyeon , Park Kyung Su , Cho Mi‐La , Sung Young‐Chul , Park Sung‐Hwan , Kim Ho‐Youn 
Published: July 2012

SummaryInterleukin (IL)‐27 is a heterodimeric cytokine that is known to have both stimulatory and inhibitory functions during immune responses. We investigated the effects of IL‐27 on arthritis and bone erosion in the murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model. We demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of IL‐27 on osteoclastogenesis is associated with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) production by using an IFN‐γ knockout mouse model. The IL‐27‐Fc was injected into both CIA and IFN‐γ‐deficient mice. The effects of IL‐27‐Fc on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The IL‐27‐Fc‐injected mice showed significantly lower arthritis indices and fewer tartrate‐resistant acid‐phosphatase‐positive osteoclasts in their joint tissues than untreated mice. Interleukin‐27 inhibited osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells in vitro, which was counteracted by the addition of anti‐IFN‐γ antibody. The IL‐27‐Fc did not affect arthritis in IFN‐γ knockout mice. Interleukin‐27 also suppressed osteoclast differentiation in human and intriguingly, it could promote the expression of IFN‐γ on priming osteoclasts. These results imply that IL‐27 suppressed the generation of CIA and osteoclastogenesis, which were mediated by the induction of IFN‐γ.
The effectiveness of early intervention on paternal stress for fathers of premature infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Lee Tzu‐Ying , Wang Mo‐Mei , Lin Kuan‐Chia , Kao Chien‐Huei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThis article is a report of a study to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention on fathering ability, perceived nurse's support and paternal stress after a preterm infant's admission to a neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundThe birth of a premature infant who is admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit is a stressful experience. Due to the maternal postpartum practice in Taiwan, the father is the main visitor of the infant during the first few weeks, but interventions have rarely focused on the father.DesignA historical comparison study.MethodsBetween August 2009–July 2010, 35 fathers in the comparison group received routine care; 34 fathers in the intervention group received a booklet designed for the fathers during their visits to the neonatal intensive care unit and nurses’ guidance based on the contents of the booklet. Fathering ability, perceived nurse's support and paternal stress were measured.FindingsThe intervention group had a significantly higher fathering ability and perceived nurse support than the comparison group. In the intervention group, the increased fathering ability reduced paternal stress. After adjusting for severity of illness, an significant moderating effect of perceived nurse support on the relationship between fathering ability and paternal stress was found, accounting for 59·5% of variance.ConclusionDesigning a supportive intervention which provides informational, emotional, instrumental, and esteem support for the father can effectively empower his fathering ability and reduce his stress. The intervention should be initiated from the early admission of the premature infant to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Weight loss strategies used by African American women: possible implications for tailored messages
Authors: James D. C. S. 
Published: July 2012

How to cite this article  James D. C. S. (2012) Weight loss strategies used by African American women: possible implications for tailored messages. J Hum Nutr Diet. 26, 71–77AbstractBackground:  African American women have the highest rates of obesity in the USA. They are less likely to participate in weight loss programmes and are less successful in their weight loss attempts. The present study aimed to identify weight loss strategies used by African American women and to determine whether those strategies varied by weight status. The study also examined the emotional issues that lead to compulsive overeating and identified the types of information that African American women need to help manage their weight.Methods:  A self‐administered survey was completed by 413 adult African American women in 2009. Participants were weighed and measured by a member of the research team.Results:  Based on body mass index classification, 43% of women were obese, 25% were overweight, 30% were normal weight and 2% were underweight. Sixty percent had tried to lose weight in the past 12 months. Weight loss practices included: cutting back on fried foods (53%), cutting back on sweets (51%) and increasing physical activity, skipping meals (22%), fasting (17%), and using diet pills (7%). Obese women were significantly more likely to fast and use diet pills than overweight women (P < 0.001). Obese women also were significantly more likely to say they wanted information on how to choose a weight loss programme (P < 0.001), manage stress (P < 0.001) and increase self‐esteem (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that weight loss messages and programmes may need to be specifically developed for obese women compared to overweight and normal weight women who just need to ‘lose a few pounds’.
Distinct features of fast oscillations in phasic and tonic rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: BRANKAČK JURIJ , SCHEFFZÜK CLAUDIA , KUKUSHKA VALERIY I. , VYSSOTSKI ALEXEI L. , TORT ADRIANO B. L. , DRAGUHN ANDREAS 
Published: July 2012

SummarySpatiotemporal activity patterns of neurones are organized by different types of coherent network oscillations. Frequency content and cross‐frequency coupling of cortical oscillations are strongly state‐dependent, indicating that different patterns of wakefulness or sleep, respectively, support different cognitive or mnestic processes. It is therefore crucial to analyse specific sleep patterns with respect to their oscillations, including interaction between fast and slow rhythms. Here we report the oscillation profile of phasic rapid eye movement (REM), a form of REM sleep which has been implicated in hippocampus‐dependent memory processing. In all analysed frequency bands (theta, gamma and fast gamma, respectively) we find higher frequencies and higher power in phasic REM compared to tonic REM or wakefulness. Theta‐phase coupling of fast oscillations, however, was highest in tonic REM, followed by phasic REM and wakefulness. Our data suggest different roles of phasic and tonic REM for information processing or memory formation during sleep.
Direct binding targets of the stringent response alarmone (p)ppGpp
Authors: Kanjee Usheer , Ogata Koji , Houry Walid A. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe Escherichia coli stringent response, mediated by the alarmone ppGpp, is responsible for the reorganization of cellular transcription upon nutritional starvation and other stresses. These transcriptional changes occur mainly as a result of the direct effects of ppGpp and its partner transcription factor DksA on RNA polymerase. An often overlooked feature of the stringent response is the direct targeting of other proteins by ppGpp. Here we review the literature on proteins that are known to bind ppGpp and, based on sequence homology, X‐ray crystal structures and in silico docking, we propose new potential protein binding targets for ppGpp. These proteins were found to fall into five main categories: (i) cellular GTPases, (ii) proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism, (iii) proteins involved in lipid metabolism, (iv) general metabolic proteins and (v) PLP‐dependent basic aliphatic amino acid decarboxylases. Bioinformatic rationale is provided for expanding the role of ppGpp in regulating the activities of the cellular GTPases. Proteins involved in nucleotide and lipid metabolism and general metabolic proteins provide an interesting set of structurally varied stringent response targets. While the inhibition of some PLP‐dependent decarboxylases by ppGpp suggests the existence of cross‐talk between the acid stress and stringent response systems.
High relative air humidity and continuous light reduce stomata functionality by affecting the ABA regulation in rose leaves
Authors: ARVE LOUISE E. , TERFA MESERET T. , GISLERØD HANS RAGNAR , OLSEN JORUNN E. , TORRE SISSEL 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPlants developed under high (90%) relative air humidity (RH) have previously been shown to have large, malfunctioning stomata, which results in high water loss during desiccation and reduced dark induced closure. Stomatal movement is to a large extent regulated by abscisic acid (ABA). It has therefore been proposed that low ABA levels contribute to the development of malfunctioning stomata. In this study, we investigated the regulation of ABA content in rose leaves, through hormone analysis and β‐glucosidase quantification. Compared with high RH, rose plants developed in moderate RH (60%) and 20 h photoperiod contained higher levels of ABA and β‐glucosidase activity. Also, the amount of ABA increased during darkness simultaneously as the ABA‐glucose ester (GE) levels decreased. In contrast, plants developed under high RH with 20 h photoperiod showed no increase in ABA levels during darkness, and had low β‐glucosidase activity converting ABA‐GE to ABA. Continuous lighting (24 h) resulted in low levels of β‐glucosidase activity irrespective of RH, indicating that a dark period is essential to activate β‐glucosidase. Our results provide new insight into the regulation of ABA under different humidities and photoperiods, and clearly show that β‐glucosidase is a key enzyme regulating the ABA pool in rose plants.
Non‐pathogenic rhizobacteria interfere with the attraction of parasitoids to aphid‐induced plant volatiles via jasmonic acid signalling
Authors: PINEDA ANA , SOLER ROXINA , WELDEGERGIS BERHANE T. , SHIMWELA MPOKI M. , VAN LOON JOOP J. A. , DICKE MARCEL 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBeneficial soil‐borne microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobacteria, can affect the interactions of plants with aboveground insects at several trophic levels. While the mechanisms of interactions with herbivorous insects, that is, the second trophic level, are starting to be understood, it remains unknown how plants mediate the interactions between soil microbes and carnivorous insects, that is, the third trophic level. Using Arabidopsis thaliana Col‐0 and the aphid Myzus persicae, we evaluate here the underlying mechanisms involved in the plant‐mediated interaction between the non‐pathogenic rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, by combining ecological, chemical and molecular approaches. Rhizobacterial colonization modifies the composition of the blend of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles. The volatile blend from rhizobacteria‐treated aphid‐infested plants is less attractive to an aphid parasitoid, in terms of both olfactory preference behaviour and oviposition, than the volatile blend from aphid‐infested plants without rhizobacteria. Importantly, the effect of rhizobacteria on both the emission of herbivore‐induced volatiles and parasitoid response to aphid‐infested plants is lost in an Arabidopsis mutant (aos/dde2‐2) that is impaired in jasmonic acid production. By modifying the blend of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles that depend on the jasmonic acid‐signalling pathway, root‐colonizing microbes interfere with the attraction of parasitoids of leaf herbivores.
The proteasome is responsible for caspase‐3‐like activity during xylem development
Authors: Han Jia‐Jia , Lin Wei , Oda Yoshihisa , Cui Ke‐Ming , Fukuda Hiroo , He Xin‐Qiang 
Published: July 2012

SummaryXylem development is a process of xylem cell terminal differentiation that includes initial cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD in plants and apoptosis in animals share many common characteristics. Caspase‐3, which displays Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp (DEVD) specificity, is a crucial executioner during animal cells apoptosis. Although a gene orthologous to caspase‐3 is absent in plants, caspase‐3‐like activity is involved in many cases of PCD and developmental processes. However, there is no direct evidence that caspase‐3‐like activity exists in xylem cell death. In this study, we showed that caspase‐3‐like activity is present and is associated with secondary xylem development in Populus tomentosa. The protease responsible for the caspase‐3‐like activity was purified from poplar secondary xylem using hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), Q anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. After identification by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), it was revealed that the 20S proteasome (20SP) was responsible for the caspase‐3‐like activity in secondary xylem development. In poplar 20SP, there are seven α subunits encoded by 12 genes and seven β subunits encoded by 12 genes. Pharmacological assays showed that Ac‐DEVD‐CHO, a caspase‐3 inhibitor, suppressed xylem differentiation in the veins of Arabidopsis cotyledons. Furthermore, clasto‐lactacystin β‐lactone, a proteasome inhibitor, inhibited PCD of tracheary element in a VND6‐induced Arabidopsis xylogenic culture. In conclusion, the 20S proteasome is responsible for caspase‐3‐like activity and is involved in xylem development.
Influence of temperature and photoperiod on sprouting capacity of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis root buds
Authors: LIEW J , ANDERSSON L , BOSTRÖM U , FORKMAN J , HAKMAN I , MAGNUSKI E 
Published: July 2012

Liew J, Andersson L, Boström U, Forkman J, Hakman I & Magnuski E (2012). Influence of temperature and photoperiod on sprouting capacity of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis root buds. Weed Research.52, 449–457.SummaryTiming of treatment is a key to successful and sustainable weed management. For perennial weeds, highly energy‐demanding, repeated stubble cultivation or tillage is a common strategy in organic agriculture. The fragmentation of underground material stimulates root buds to grow and, if repeated, significantly reduces the energy and nutrient resources of the roots. However, the effect might differ depending on variation in sprouting over the season and among species. Here, we studied the impact of different photoperiods and temperatures on sprouting capacity of root buds of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis in a climate chamber experiment. Two populations of each species, collected in northern and southern Sweden, were used. Plants were exposed to long (18 h), short (12 h) or decreasing (from 18 to 8 h) photoperiods in combinations with high (18/12°C for 16/8 h), low (12/6°C), decreasing (from 21 to 5°C in 4 weeks) or constant high (16°C) temperatures. Sprouting capacity was evaluated based on the proportion of sprouting buds from short root fragments. Neither temperature nor photoperiod affected root bud sprouting in C. arvense, while in S. arvensis, photoperiod seemed to regulate sprouting capacity. The proportion of sprouted buds decreased in short photoperiods, especially if combined with high temperature. In northern conditions, this suggests that weeding strategies based on fragmentation of the root system of S. arvensis will have low efficiency if the autumns are warm.
Water Availability Affects Female Remating in the Seed Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis
Authors: Harano Tomohiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBenefits of multiple mating to females may come from the acquisition of water in male ejaculates. This hypothesis seems plausible in species in which males provide females with large ejaculates and has been tested with the prediction that females mate more frequently when an external source of water is unavailable. My study observed that females deprived of water were more likely to remate than females given water in the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. This result suggests that females may absorb the water in male ejaculates and thus change their remating receptivity according to the need for additional water. However, compared with related species, the ejaculate size is smaller, so ejaculatory hydration benefits are expected to be small in this species. There were no significant differences in lifetime fecundity and longevity between females that were allowed to receive one ejaculate from remating and females that were not allowed to do so when water was unavailable. This provides no evidence that receiving an additional ejaculate enhances female fitness. Thus, obtaining water from male ejaculates may partly compensate the costs of remating to females, although it alone would be insufficient to explain polyandry in C. chinensis. Increased mating frequency in water‐deprived females would not necessarily support the hypothesis that females remate for ejaculatory hydration benefits.
Septic implantation syndrome in dogs and cats: a distinct pattern of endophthalmitis with lenticular abscess
Authors: Bell Cynthia M. , Pot Simon A. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective  To summarize the clinical and pathologic findings in a group of dogs and cats with progressive clinical ocular disease, which were diagnosed with suppurative endophthalmitis and lens capsule rupture.Animals studied  Twenty cats and forty‐six dogs that underwent unilateral enucleation or evisceration for intractable uveitis and/or glaucoma.Procedure  Biopsy submission requests and microscopic case material were evaluated for clinical and histological features, including history of ocular trauma, duration of ocular disease, pattern of inflammation, and the presence of intralenticular microorganisms.Results  The median duration for cats and dogs was 6 and 5 weeks, respectively. A history of trauma was reported for four (20%) cats and 18 (39%) dogs. All confirmed cases of trauma—three in cats and 14 in dogs—were caused by a cat scratch. Microscopically, all cases had suppurative endophthalmitis centered on the lens, lens capsule rupture, cataract, and lenticular abscess. Infectious organisms were identified by Gram stain within the lens of 14 (70%) cats and 30 (65%) dogs. Gram‐positive cocci were seen most commonly. Male cats were overrepresented as compared to females. There were no apparent gender, age or breed predilections in dogs.Conclusions  A unique pattern of slowly progressive or delayed‐onset endophthalmitis with lens capsule rupture, lenticular abscess, and frequently intralenticular microorganisms is associated with traumatic penetration of the globe and lens capsule. The term Septic Implantation Syndrome (SIS) is favored in lieu of ‘phacoclastic uveitis’ to avoid confusion with phacolytic uveitis and to clearly implicate the role of intralenticular microorganisms in the pathogenesis.
Ten‐Year Rank‐Order Stability of Personality Traits and Disorders in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Morey Leslie C. , Donnellan M. Brent , Samuel Douglas B. , Grilo Carlos M. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Shea M. Tracie , Zanarini Mary C. , Gunderson John G. , Skodol Andrew E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares the 10‐year retest stability of normal traits, pathological traits, and personality disorder dimensions in a clinical sample.MethodTen‐year rank‐order stability estimates for the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality, and Diagnostic Interview for DSM‐IV Personality Disorders were evaluated before and after correcting for test‐retest dependability and internal consistency in a clinical sample (N = 266).ResultsDependability‐corrected stability estimates were generally in the range of.60–.90 for traits and.25–.65 for personality disorders.ConclusionsThe relatively lower stability of personality disorder symptoms may indicate important differences between pathological behaviors and relatively more stable self‐attributed traits and imply that a full understanding of personality and personality pathology needs to take both traits and symptoms into account. The five‐factor theory distinction between basic tendencies and characteristic adaptations provides a theoretical framework for the separation of traits and disorders in terms of stability in which traits reflect basic tendencies that are stable and pervasive across situations, whereas personality disorder symptoms reflect characteristic maladaptations that are a function of both basic tendencies and environmental dynamics.
An Attachment Perspective on Therapeutic Processes and Outcomes
Authors: Mikulincer Mario , Shaver Phillip R. , Berant Ety 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been an explosion of interest in clinical applications of attachment theory. In the present article, we briefly describe John Bowlby's model of therapeutic change, the therapeutic relationship, and the therapist's role in emotional healing. We then review empirical evidence for three key propositions in Bowlby's model. First, a client's sense of security during therapy is crucial for facilitating therapeutic work. Second, a therapist's own sense of security contributes to positive therapeutic outcomes. Third, attachment insecurities can be effectively reduced in therapy, and movement toward greater attachment security is central to achieving favorable therapeutic outcomes. In sum, research evidence confirms the importance of establishing what Bowlby called a safe haven and a secure base within a therapeutic relationship.