bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral Differentiation in Sugarcane and the Subsequent Rate of Development of the Differentiated Tissues1
Authors: Tanimoto T. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEvidence is presented that floral buds initiate within a 10‐day period beginning about September 7 in sugarcane variety ‘H37‐1933’ (a complex interspecific hybrid involving Saccharum officinarum L., S. spontaneum L., and S. robustum Brandes & Jeswiet ex Grassl), and that the photoperiod of that 10‐day period dictates time of initiation of the flower bud in H37‐1933. The rate of development of these buds and the final emergence of the tassels depend on the strength of the flowering stimulus, which can vary in stalks growing side by side. The top tissues of stalks with early tassels differ morphologically from top tissues of stalks with late tassels or with tassel buds that never emerge.
Effect of a Systemic Insecticide on Forage and Grain Production of Wheat, Barley, Oat, and Rye Varieties1
Authors: Stanley W. W. , Qualset C. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn experiments conducted at four locations for 2 years, soil applications at time of planting of 10% granules of the systemic insecticide disulfoton at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha had no effect on stand establishment of varieties of wheat, barley, rye, and oats.Disulfoton treatment caused an increase in fall forage production of ‘Dayton’ barley, ‘Knox 62’ wheat, and possibly ‘Balbo’ rye, but no effect was found for ‘Kenbar’ barley, ‘Monoii‘ wheat, or ‘Blount,‘ ‘Forkedeer,‘ and ‘Le Conte‘ oats.Disulfoton application had no effect on spring forage production, but grain yields were reduced in 26 of 37 comparisons for all crops. The reduction in grain yields were reduced In 26 of 37 comparisons for all crops. The reduction in grain yield was significant for Knox 62 wheat and Dayton and Kenbar barley. In treatments where no forage was harvested similar reductions in grain yield were found.
Emergence and Development of Sweet Corn as Influenced by Various Soil Mulches1
Authors: Miller D. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn evaluation was made of the influence of three mulches on early development and maturity of sweet corn. The mulches were: (a) a film of water emulsion asphalt sprayed over the seeded row; (b) plates standard greenhouse glass between seeded rows; and (c) a layer of water contained in polyethylene bags between seeded rows. Early spring soil temperatures were increased by the mulches. Emergence of seedlings and plant developmentw ere also hastened. Sweet corn planted April 6 was ready for harvest on glass.mulched plots 13 days earlier than on nonmulched plots. Asphalt and water mulches resulted in harvest 7 and 3 days earlier than from nonmulched plots. Combining early seeding (April 6) with mulching resulted in sweet corn harvests 19, 13, and 9 days earlier than normal seeding time (early May) in the bare soil for glass, asphalt, and water mulches, respectively.
Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization of Rice. II. Culm Elongation as a Guide to Optimum Timing of Applications Near Midseason1
Authors: Hall V. L. , Sims J. L. , Johnston T. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField studies were conducted with ‘Vegold,’ ‘Nato,’ and ‘Bluebonnet 50’ rice (Oryza sativa L.) in 1963, 1964, and 1965 to determine the optimum time near midseason to apply nitrogen fertilizer for greatest yield. Internode elongation was used as a guide to estimate proper morphological stage of development for the optimum time to apply nitrogen.During the 3 years of study all three varieties had grain yield increases of over 1,120 kg/ha that could be attributed to applying midseason nitrogen at the proper time during panicle initiation. Topdressing nitrogen at midseason was found to be most effective when 50% of the plants had elongating internodes equal to or in excess of 12.8 mm for Vegold, 39.7 mm for Nato, and 32.1 mm for Bluebonnet 50.
Residue Placement Effects on Decomposition, Evaporation, and Soil Moisture Distribution1
Authors: Unger Paul W. , Parker J. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a greenhouse study, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue placement affected residue decomposition, evaporation, soil moisture distribution, pH, and nitrate‐N content. Residues mixed with or covered by soil decomposed at similar rates, but surface residues did not decompose measurably. Surface and covered residue treatments, compared with the mixed residue treatments, reduced evaporation 57.4 and 18.9%, respectively. When approximately 60% of plant available moisture remained in the soil, moisture contents decreased with soil depth below the residue layer for surface and covered residue treatment. For the mixed residue treatment, soil moisture content initially increased with depth, then decreased. Soil pH remained relatively high for mixed and covered residue treatments, but decreased for the surface residue treatment.No differences in decomposition, evaporation, or soil moisture distribution were noted due to rate of N or sulfur application. Soil pH was lowered by the high N application rate and was significantly correlated with soil nitrate‐N content. Applied sulfur did not affect pH.
Collapse of Alfalfa Petioles Their Calcium Content1
Authors: Nightingale H. I. , Smith R. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants were grown in a series of reduced calcium nutrient solutions which ranged from 1.9 to 80.0 mg Ca per liter after the plants were established using a complete nutrient solution. A sudden collapse of alfalfa petioles occurred most frequently when the calcium content of the shoots was between 11 and 16 meq per 100 g. Petiole collapse rarely occurred when the calcium content of the shoots was less than 11 meq or greater than 30 meq per 100 g dry weight. Chemical analysis of normal petiole sections showed an increase in calcium content as the leaf was approached. However, in abnormal (collapsed) petioles the reverse was found.
Tillage‐Soil Water Relations of Corn as Influenced by Weather1
Authors: Amemiya M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCrop responses to tillage methods in the Corn Belt frequently vary among years and locations. Experiments on corn (Zea mays L.) conducted in Iowa during 1956‐66 indicate that the effectiveness of tillage methods is associated with weather and consequent soil water conditions. On Moody silt loam, in northwestern Iowa, severe soil water deficits occurred in 6 of the 11 years. In these years, lister‐planted corn outyielded conventionally planted (plow‐disk‐harrow) corn by as much as 2,588 kg/ha (41.2 bu/acre). Intermediate crop responses were obtained from other tillage methods, which included wheel‐track planting, mulch tillage, ridge planting, and cultivator planting. Crop responses were related to differences in soil water regime attributed to tillage. Under favorable weather and soil water situations, there was little difference among the several treatments.
Agronomic Factors Affecting Polonium‐210 and Lead‐210 Levels in Tobacco. I. Soil and Fertilizer
Authors: Tso T. C. , Steffens G. L. , Ferri E. S. , Baratta E. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn examination of soils from tobacco‐producing areas and fertilizers commercially available for tobacco production revealed that a wide variation in the levels of Ra220, Pb210 and Po210 exists in those samples. Cultural practices and source of fertilizer may contribute to these variations. Radioelements from fertilizer used for one growing season may not affect the level of these elements in the immediate crop, but will contribute to the buildup of the radioisotope level in the soil.
Nutrient Distribution During Development of Three Market Types of Peanuts. I. P, K, Ca, and Mg Contents1
Authors: Hallock D. L. , Martens D. C. , Alexander M. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSix plant portions of each of three peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars representing the three market types were sampled on four dates. Many interactions occurred for each nutrient among the 'cultivars, plant portions, and sampling dates.The highest P(0.35%) and K(3.7%) contents in the cultivars were in the July 12 and October 10 leaf‐samples, respectively, of the first lateral branches of ‘Virginia 61R’. Also, similar portions of Virginia 61R sampled in July and August were high in K. Highest Ca (1.8%) and Mg (0.7%) contents were in the June 16 and October 10 samples of the second lateral branch‐leaves and upper main stem (principally leaves) portions, respectively, of ‘Starr’. Nutrient contents in the ‘Early Runner’ portions generally were intermediate or similar to the cultivar having the lowest average contents.P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in the July main stem portion were statistically similar to or only slightly lower than in other leafy portions sampled on June 10, August 31, or October 10. Contents of the nutrients except Mg in June in the first and second lateral branch‐stems usually were lower than in the leafy portions, but higher than in the hypocotyl‐crown portion. P contents of the fruit samples were considerably higher, whereas K and Ca levels were markedly lower than in the other portions sampled on similar dates.
Variable Row Spacing of Irrigated Cotton as a Means for Reducing Production Costs and Conserving Water
Authors: Longenecker D. E. , Thaxton E. L. , Lyerly P. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResults of 3 years' field studies of a new irrigated cotton row spacing pattern are reported. This new pattern, called Variable Row Spacing (V.R.S.), consisted of alternate wide (1.37 m) and narrow (0.66 m) rows with furrows only between the 0.66‐m rows. Purpose of the new pattern was to conserve water and reduce production costs. Tests on both sloping and level irrigation systems are reported. The V.R.S. system was shown to be effective in maintaining yields while simultaneously presenting opportunity for reducing production costs through application of less water per irrigation, reductions in evaporation, more efficient utilization of applied water, more effective weed control, and earlier maturity of the crop. A partial skip‐row effect was believed to be obtained without skipping any rows. Chief obstacle to adoption of the new system by growers has been inability of commercial spindle pickers to harvest the variable row spacing pattern.
Residual Effect of Feeding Grain to Grazing Steers upon the Productivity of Pasture1
Authors: Benacchio S. S. , Mott G. O. , Huber D. A. , Baumgardner M. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA grazing trial was conducted during the growing season of 1967 to study the residual effect upon pasture productivity of 4 years of feeding different levels of grain to grazing steers. The effect on the pasture was measured in terms of steer days/ha estimated total digestible nutrients (ETDN) consumed/ha, forage dry matter produced/ha, and crude protein composition of the herbage. Each increase of 10 metric tons of grain fed per hectare increased the carrying capacity of the pastures, 53 steer days; the estimated total digestible nutrients consumed, 145 kg; and the forage dry matter yield, 224 kg. The increase in crude protein produced per hectare was 19 kg for each 10‐ton increment of grain fed.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Zinc Placement on Yield and Composition of Potatoes1
Authors: Soltanpour Parviz N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField experiments showed that the method of placement of fertilizers was crucial for potato production. Uptake of N, P, and Zn, when these nutrients were broadcast and disked, was not significantly different from the uptake when no fertilizer was applied to the soil under furrow‐irrigation and the semi‐arid conditions of the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Banding proved to be a more efficient method of applying fertilizers to potatoes.Nitrogen increased P and Zn uptake. Phosphorus reduced Zn uptake and Zn reduced P uptake. Application of P and Zn in separate bands in the soil did not seem to reduce the antagonistic interactions between these two elements.
The “Donnan Theory” in Development of Plant Growth Media from Ion‐Exchange Resins1
Authors: Skogley Earl O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSynthetic ion‐exchange resins were prepared to serve as plant growth media. The resin was considered as an exchanger phase present for the purpose of controlling the solution phase composition within a range known to be satisfactory for plant growth. The “Donnan Theory”, an assumed Ca++ concentration of the solution phase based on the carbonate equilibrium, and known desirable solution phase concentrations were employed for determination of resin treatments. Treatment variables were introduced to test the functioning of the “Donnan System” in the resin media. The exchanger and solution phases of prepared media were separated and analyzed. Although differences were found between theoretical and experimental values, the data are considered to support the functioning of the system. Uncertainties due to unknown activity coefficients and lack of proved procedures are considered responsible for the observed discrepancies.Wheat (Triticum vulgare, L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.) were grown in the resin media, in a fertilized mixture, and in nutrient solutions. Plant yields were about equal from resin media and soils, but much less from nutrient solutions. The cation nutrient composition, including micro‐nutrients, of plants grown in resin media was essentially the same as in soil‐grown plants.
Colorimetric Determination of Protein in Feed and Forage Crops1
Authors: MacKenzie Arnold J. , Perrier Eugene R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA colorimetric method using Orange G dye for the determination of protein in feed and forage crops is described. With each of six crops tested, a good correlation was found between Kjeldahl nitrogen percentage and the dye‐binding characteristics of the plant proteins. The method is reproducible, rapid and easily adapted to a simplified routine operation.
A Rapid Method of Determining the Hull Content of Safflower and Sunflower Seeds
Authors: Nur Idris Mohmd 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive safflower varieties and five sunflower varieties were subjected to three methods of hull determination. The standard method of germinating the seed in distilled water was compared with two other methods: germinating the seed in hydrogen peroxide and using a seed‐cutter manufactured locally.The seed‐cutter technique for hull determination was found to be rapid and accurate for safflower and sunflower seeds.Samples containing 45 seeds for safflower and 35 seeds for sunflower were found to be adequate.
Availability Characteristics Of and Plant Response to Nitrogen Sources
Authors: McCants C. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe relative availability characteristics of nitrogen in urea, cottonseed meal, a commercial urea‐formaldehyde product, and an experimental urea‐wax material were studied through successive leachings in model lysimeters in the laboratory and by leaching and plant growth in the greenhouse. The effects of the nitrogen sources on yield and chemical composition of field‐grown tobacco were studied under different moisture regimes.The total release of nitrogen from the urea‐wax source was comparable to that from urea but significantly higher than from urea‐formaldehyde or cottonseed meal sources. The rate of N release during the first 21 days was not different among the urea‐wax, urea‐formaldehyde, and cottonseed meal sources; thereafter, it was higher from urea‐wax. When differences in crop response occurred among the different sources, the yield and quality index were higher from urea‐wax than from cottonseed meal or urea‐formaldehyde. These results and data from other research suggest that the probability of practical contributions of slow release fertilizers in the commercial production of annual field crops is quite small.
Effect of Planting Dates on the Incidence and Severity of Corn Virus Diseases1
Authors: Keaster Armon J. , Zuber M. S. , Fairchild M. L. , Loesch P. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA date‐of‐planting study was conducted in southeast Missouri near Portageville, for a 3‐year period, to determine the effect of planting date on the incidence and severity of certain symptoms reported to be associated with maize dwarf mosaic or corn stunt. The study included 12 hybrids having varying degrees of tolerance to these diseases and differing in maturity. Throughout the 3‐year period, the disease incidence or severity ratings increased with each delay in planting. In addition, differences among hybrids and the interactions of planting dates by hybrids were statistically significant.
Effect of Irrigation and Clipping on Seed Production and Chasmogamy of Sericea Genotypes1
Authors: Donnelly E. D. , Patterson R. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeed yield and proportion of chasmogamou seed as affected by irrigation and clipping were determined for 18 lines of sericea, Lespedeza cuneata. Seed yields were increased by irrigation regardless of clipping management; however, irrigation did not increase the percentage of chasmogamous seed. Clipping in June drastically reduced seed yield and percentage chasmogamous seed. Irrigation of clipped sericea further reduced chasmogamous seed percentage below that of nonirrigated clipped sericea. Lines reacted differently to irrigation and clipping both as to proportion of seed types and seed yield.
Factors Affecting Plant Growth in High‐Zinc Medium: II. Influence of Soil Treatments on Growth of Soybeans on Strongly Acid Soil Containing Zinc from Peach Sprays1
Authors: Lee C. R. , Craddock G. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil pH micronutrient additions and other management practices on soybean yields where peach trees had been grown previously. Decreased soybean yields resulted when either zinc sulfate or superphosphate was added to soil with a pH value below approximately 5.40. FeEDDHA improved plant growth, but did not influence soybean yields. Raising soil pH from 5.40 to approximately 6.40 with 2,602 kg/ha of dolomitic limestone increased plant growth and soybean yields. Zinc content of leaves ranged from a high of 229 ppm in acid soil to 77 ppm in limed soil. Highest soybean yields were obtained from organic matter (snap corn meal) in combination with dolomitic limestone.
Form and Availability of P in Selected Virginia Soils as Related to Available P Tests1
Authors: Martens D. C. , Lutz J. A. , Jones G. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRelationships among inorganic P fractions, P extracted by the acid fluoride (Bray no. 1), and dilute acid (Mehlich) soil tests, and the P supplying power of Davidson clay loam, Groseclose and Nason silt loams, and Wellston fine sandy loam were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses. The soils under study contained wide ranges in contents of inorganic P fractions and of P extracted by the soil tests due to application of various amounts of different P sources during long‐term field investigations. Correlation analyses indicated that P from the A1 phosphate fraction was the main source of P to oat plants (Avena saliva L. ‘Andrew’) grown in the greenhouse on the four soils.Statistical data showed that P from the AI phosphate fraction was the predominant source of P extracted from each of the four soils by the acid fluoride soil test. Similar data indicated that the dilute acid soil test extracted P from mainly Ca phosphate in the Nason and Wellston soils and from A1 phosphate in the Groseclose soil. The close relationship between dilute acid extractable P and Ca phosphate in the Nason silt loam and Wellston fine sandy loam was explained as extraction of P from rock phosphate which had been applied to the soils during long‐term field investigations. Phosphorus extracted by the dilute acid soil test was not closely related to any of the inorganic P fractions in the Davidson clay loam.Acid fluoride extractable P was more closely related than dilute acid extractable P to P uptake from each soil, except the Groseclose silt loam. Phosphorus extracted by both soil tests was equally related to P uptake from the Groseclose soil. The acid fluoride extractable P contents required to attain maximum yield was inversely related to the clay contents of the Davidson, Groseclose, and Wellston soils.
Ammonia Volatilization from Ratios of Formamide and Urea Solutions in Soils1
Authors: Loftis J. R. , Scarsbrook C. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAmmonia volatilization from soils treated in the surface 1½ cm with mixtures of formamide and urea (F:U) was measured in laboratory incubation experiments. Norfolk sandy loam, which had a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 3.7 meq/100 g and an initial pH of 5.9, evolved 18.5% at the highest rate of applied N. Losses of N from Boswell fine sandy loam, which had a CEC of 13 meq/100 g and an initial pH of 5.8, was 13.0%. Sumter clay, which had a CEC of 33 mg/100 g and an initial pH of 7.8, gave negligible losses. Urea was nitrified at approximately twice the rate of formamide in Sumter clay, but rates were low and similar in Norfolk and Boswell soils. There was a larger percentage loss of NH3 at the high N rates than at the lower rates. Addition of Ca(OH)2 increased losses of NH3 on Norfolk soil. All F: Uratios increased the soil pH alike and the rate of application determined the magnitude of the increase. Increasing the F:U generally had no effect on NH3 losses. The results showed a large positive relationship between NH3 loss and the final soil pH of Norfolk, but the effect was smaller on Boswell.
Effect of Full and Restricted Sun Exposure on Curing Peanuts1
Authors: Mixon Aubrey C. , Mott Paul A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGreen peanut pods considered to be at optimum maturity from peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Early Runner,’ were exposed to available and restricted sunlight until dried to 20, 15, 12, 9, or 7% seed moisture. Samples removed from sun exposures with seed moisture higher than 7% were dried to 7% average seed moisture in ambient‐air forced‐draft drying bins. Treatments were stored in closed containers at 75% relative humidity for 3 months before processing. The full‐sun exposure treatment reduced germination of sound mature seed 1 year, and germination of sound immature seed all 3 years compared with restricted (50%) sun exposure. Exposure of pods to full sunlight reduced promptness with which both mature and immature seed germinated in a 25 C germinator. Greatest reduction in promptness of germination and total germination occurred in immature seed from the fully exposed pods. Each year the percentage of seed breakage upon shelling was greater for peanuts in available sun than for those in restricted sun treatments. In 2 out of 3 years, drying peanuts to 9 or 7% seed moisture, in available sun, resulted in a less desirable flavor of roasted ground, mature seed than of those dried to 20% moisture in full sun and then dried to 7% moisture in ambient air.