bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does Lacking a Home Program Impact Otolaryngology Applicants?
Authors: Tu Leona J. , Benjamin William J. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Mihalic Angela P. , Kupfer Robbi A. , Malekzadeh Sonya 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo compare otolaryngology interview and match outcomes between applicants with and without home residency programs.MethodsOtolaryngology applicants from US allopathic medical schools during the 2019–2023 cycles who responded to the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR) survey were identified. Students were stratified based upon whether their medical school had an affiliated otolaryngology residency program. The primary outcomes were number of interviews and match rate. Wilcoxon‐rank sum and χ2 testing was used to assess associations between home program status and interview and match outcomes.ResultsOf the 633 fourth‐year medical students applying to otolaryngology during the 2019–2023 application cycles, 89 had no home program (NHP) and 544 had a home program (HP). Applicants with NHP completed significantly more away rotations than applicants with a HP (2.2 vs. 1.5; p < 0.01). There was no difference in mean number of applications submitted between applicants with NHP and applicants with a HP. However, applicants with a HP received a significantly greater number of interviews (14.7 vs. 11.8; p < 0.01), attended more interviews (12.4 vs. 11.3; p = 0.02), attended a lower percentage of their offered interviews (84.4% vs. 95.8%), and had a higher match rate (81.8% vs. 70.8%; p = 0.02) than applicants with NHP. Applicants with NHP interviewed at (1.9 vs. 1.3; p < 0.01) and matched at (33.7% vs. 23.9%; p = 0.048) significantly more away rotation institutions than applicants with a HP.ConclusionApplicants with NHP received fewer interviews and had lower match rates. Away rotations may be especially important for applicants with NHP.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4494–4500, 2024
Development of a Novel Airway‐Exchange Broncholaryngoscope
Authors: Boles Roger W. , Kim Wihan , O'Dell Karla 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this project was to develop a novel airway‐exchange broncholaryngoscope (AEBLScope) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of airway‐exchange procedures.MethodsThe AEBLScope was designed to combine a bronchoscope and airway‐exchange catheter (AEC) into a single device and to reduce the blind placement of AECs. The prototype was constructed by modifying an existing distal‐chip bronchoscope. A custom AEC was procured to fit concentrically over the flexible portion of the scope. The catheter was connected to the scope handpiece by a customized push–pull locking attachment. The AEBLScope was used to perform airway‐exchange procedures with both tracheostomy and endotracheal tubes using two different airway models. Experimental procedures were recorded with still photography to evaluate the exchange of tubes and placement of AECs.ResultsIn two airway models using the AEBLScope, both tracheostomy and endotracheal tubes were successfully exchanged on first‐pass attempt, and AECs were accurately placed under visual guidance.ConclusionThe AEBLScope combines a bronchoscope and AEC into a single tool. Based on these first results, this novel scope has the potential to perform airway‐exchange procedures more safely compared with standard procedures by increasing the accuracy of placement, decreasing procedural time, and reducing the morbidity and mortality that can occur from blind placement of AECs.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4488–4493, 2024
Novel Sprayable Antioxidative Dressing Based on Fullerene and Curdlan for Accelerating Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Pan Yiwen , Qi Yuxuan , Fei Chenglong , Feng Zihang , Ma Yuguo , Wang Chunru , Han Jingfen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe effective treatment of chronic wounds represents a critical global medical challenge demanding urgent attention. Persistent inflammation, driven by an excess of reactive oxygen radicals, sets in motion a detrimental cycle leading to chronic wounds and impeding the natural healing process. This study develops a sprayable wound dressing by covalently grafting amino fullerene to carboxymethylated curdlan (CMC‐C). This novel dressing exhibits excellent biocompatibility, antioxidant, and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties. Furthermore, it demonstrates a targeted affinity for HEK‐a cells, efficiently reducing the inflammatory response while promoting cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, the animal experiment investigations reveal that CMC‐C significantly accelerates chronic wounds healing by regulating the inflammatory process, promoting collagen deposition, and improving vascularization. These results demonstrate the potential of the sprayable dressing (CMC‐C) in curing the healing of chronic wounds through the modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. Overall, the sprayable hydrogel dressing based on water‐soluble derivative of fullerene and curdlan emerges as a potential approach for clinical applications in the treatment of chronic wounds.
AURKB targets DHX9 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Zhu Guoqing , Luo Laihui , He Yongzhu , Xiao Yongqiang , Cai Ziwei , Tong Weilai , Deng Wei , Xie Jin , Zhong Yanxin , Hu Zhigao , Shan Renfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAurora kinase B (AURKB) is known to play a carcinogenic role in a variety of cancers, but its underlying mechanism in liver cancer is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of AURKB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying molecular mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that AURKB was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, and its high expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients. Furthermore, downregulation of AURKB inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, induced apoptosis, and caused cell cycle arrest. Moreover, AURKB downregulation also inhibited lung metastasis of HCC. AURKB interacted with DExH‐Box helicase 9 (DHX9) and targeted its expression in HCC cells. Rescue experiments further demonstrated that AURKB targeting DHX9 promoted HCC progression through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Our results suggest that AURKB is significantly highly expressed in HCC and correlates with patient prognosis. Targeting DHX9 with AURKB promotes HCC progression via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Cinnamaldehyde targets SarA to enhance β‐lactam antibiotic activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Li Jianguo , Lu Tingyin , Chu Yuefei , Zhang Yuejun , Zhang Jing , Fu Wenzhen , Sun Jian , Liu Yahong , Liao Xiao‐Ping , Zhou Yu‐Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a current global public health problem due to its increasing resistance to the most recent antibiotic therapies. One critical approach is to develop ways to revitalize existing antibiotics. Here, we show that the phytogenic compound cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and β‐lactam antibiotic combinations can functionally synergize and resensitize clinical MRSA isolates to β‐lactam therapy and inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. Mechanistic studies indicated that the CIN potentiation effect on β‐lactams was primarily the result of inhibition of the mecA expression by targeting the staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA. CIN alone or in combination with β‐lactams decreased sarA gene expression and increased SarA protein phosphorylation that impaired SarA binding to the mecA promoter element and downregulated virulence genes such as those encoding biofilm, α‐hemolysin, and adhesin. Perturbation of SarA–mecA binding thus interfered with PBP2a biosynthesis and this decreased MRSA resistance to β‐lactams. Furthermore, CIN fully restored the anti‐MRSA activities of β‐lactam antibiotics in vivo in murine models of bacteremia and biofilm infections. Together, our results indicated that CIN acts as a β‐lactam adjuvant and can be applied as an alternative therapy to combat multidrug‐resistant MRSA infections.
Skin dose investigations on a 0.5 T parallel rotating biplanar linac‐MR using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements
Authors: Oliver Patricia A. K. , Yip Eugene , Tari Shima Y. , Wachowicz Keith , Reynolds Michael , Burke Ben , Warkentin Brad , Fallone B. Gino 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Alberta rotating biplanar linac‐MR has a 0.5 T magnetic field parallel to the beamline. When developing a new linac‐MR system, interactions of charged particles with the magnetic field necessitate careful consideration of skin dose and tissue interface effects.PurposeTo investigate the effect of the magnetic field on skin dose using measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations.MethodsWe develop an MC model of our linac‐MR, which we validate by comparison with ion chamber measurements in a water tank. Additionally, MC simulation results are compared with radiochromic film surface dose measurements on solid water. Variations in surface dose as a function of field size are measured using a parallel plate ion chamber in solid water. Using an anthropomorphic computational phantom with a 2 mm‐thick skin layer, we investigate dose distributions resulting from three beam arrangements. Magnetic field on and off scenarios are considered for all measurements and simulations.ResultsFor a 20 × 20 cm2 field size, (the minimum dose to the hottest contiguous 0.2 cc volume) for the top 2 mm of a simple water phantom is 72% when the magnetic field is on, compared to 34% with magnetic field off (values are normalized to the central axis dose maximum). Parallel plate ion chamber measurements demonstrate that the relative increase in surface dose due to the magnetic field decreases with increasing field size. For the anthropomorphic phantom, (minimum skin dose in the hottest 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 cube) shows relative increases of 20%–28% when the magnetic field is on compared to when it is off. With magnetic field off, skin is 71%, 56%, and 21% for medial‐lateral tangents, anterior‐posterior beams, and a five‐field arrangement, respectively. For magnetic field on, the corresponding skin values are 91%, 67%, and 25%.ConclusionsUsing a validated MC model of our linac‐MR, surface doses are calculated in various scenarios. MC‐calculated skin dose varies depending on field sizes, obliquity, and the number of beams. In general, the parallel linac‐MR arrangement results in skin dose enhancement due to charged particles spiraling along magnetic field lines, which impedes lateral motion away from the central axis. Nonetheless, considering the results presented herein, treatment plans can be designed to minimize skin dose by, for example, avoiding oblique beams and using a larger number of fields.
Metabolic syndrome is common in adults with 5q‐spinal muscular atrophy and impacts quality of life and fatigue
Authors: Bjelica Bogdan , Wohnrade Camilla , Osmanovic Alma , Schreiber‐Katz Olivia , Schuppner Ramona , Greten Stephan , Petri Susanne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a multisystem disorder. We assessed metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in adults with SMA and its association with motor function, quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and depression.MethodsMetS was diagnosed using 2009 consensus criteria. Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE), Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) were recorded and correlations between muscle function, depression, fatigue, QoL, and MetS were analyzed.ResultsWe included 36 individuals (18 males; mean age: 38.7 ± 14.6 years). MetS was present in 25.0%. The most common component of MetS was central obesity (69.7%). Nearly half of the SMA individuals exhibited at least one abnormal lipid level result. Individuals with MetS more frequently were SMA type 3 (77.8% vs. 37.0%, p = .02) and had higher levels of fatigue (48.4 ± 6.7 vs. 39.5 ± 11.6, p = .03) than those without MetS. No associations of the presence of MetS with ambulatory status or HFMSE/RULM scores were observed. SMA individuals with MetS scored significantly lower in mental and social domains of QoL and total SF‐36 score (p = .04). We observed weak to moderate correlations between the presence of MetS and SMA type, presence of comorbidities, QoL, and fatigue.DiscussionThe frequency of MetS was modestly higher among adults with SMA than in the general population, particularly in SMA type 3. MetS was associated with reduced QoL and increased fatigue. Larger studies are needed to fully understand the significance of MetS in adults with SMA.
The hepatocyte epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway regulates the cellular interactome within the liver fibrotic niche
Authors: Gonzalez‐Sanchez Ester , Vaquero Javier , Caballero‐Diaz Daniel , Grzelak Jan , Fusté Noel P , Bertran Esther , Amengual Josep , Garcia‐Saez Juan , Martín‐Mur Beatriz , Gut Marta , Esteve‐Codina Anna , Alay Ania , Coulouarn Cedric , Calero‐Perez Silvia , Valdecantos Pilar , Valverde Angela M , Sánchez Aránzazu , Herrera Blanca , Fabregat Isabel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis is the consequence of chronic liver injury in the presence of an inflammatory component. Although the main executors of this activation are known, the mechanisms that lead to the inflammatory process that mediates the production of pro‐fibrotic factors are not well characterized. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in hepatocytes is essential for the regenerative processes of the liver; however, its potential role in regulating the fibrotic niche is not yet clear. Our group generated a mouse model that expresses an inactive truncated form of the EGFR specifically in hepatocytes (ΔEGFR mice). Here, we have analyzed the response of WT and ΔEGFR mice to chronic treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), which induces a pro‐inflammatory and fibrotic process in the liver. The results indicated that the hallmarks of liver fibrosis were attenuated in CCl4‐treated ΔEGFR mice when compared with CCl4‐treated WT mice, coinciding with a faster resolution of the fibrotic process and ameliorated damage. The absence of EGFR activity in hepatocytes induced changes in the pattern of immune cells in the liver, with a notable increase in the population of M2 macrophages, more related to fibrosis resolution, as well as in the population of lymphocytes related to eradication of the damage. Transcriptome analysis of hepatocytes, and secretome studies of extracellular media from in vitro experiments, allowed us to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms regulated by EGFR that mediate hepatocyte production of both pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory mediators; these have consequences for the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, as well as for the immune microenvironment. Overall, our study uncovered novel mechanistic insights regarding EGFR kinase‐dependent actions in hepatocytes that reveal its key role in chronic liver damage. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder after traumatic injury to the right frontal and left temporal lobes: A case report
Authors: Yoshioka Daisuke , Yamanashi Takehiko , Hayashi Teruaki , Iwata Masaaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder affecting many behaviors in daily life. Hyperactivity of the fronto‐striato‐thalamic circuit via the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is assumed to play a major role in the pathophysiology of OCD; however, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Several reports have described the development of OCD after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the pathogenesis of post‐TBI OCD remains unknown. Moreover, patients with TBI often have a variety of sequelae, including cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders, which make the diagnosis and treatment of OCD more complex.Case presentationWe report the case of a 17‐year‐old Japanese male who developed OCD after traffic trauma. The patient developed a fear of contamination and checking compulsion after injuring his right OFC and left temporal lobe when he ran into a running truck during a suicide attempt. We believe that the patient's fear of contamination can be diagnosed as true post‐TBI OCD. However, his memory impairment was significant, and we considered his checking compulsion to be strongly influenced by cognitive dysfunction due to TBI. We attempted behavioral therapy for OCD; however, sufficient results were not achieved because of the interference from the sequelae of TBI.ConclusionIt is not rare for OCD symptoms to appear after TBI. Differentiating the OCD symptoms induced by brain injury or cognitive dysfunction associated with TBI is important to determine a treatment strategy.
Vitamin A deficiency triggers colonic methylation potentially impairing colonic neuron via downregulation SGK1/FOXO pathway
Authors: Tong Bei , Yan Junyan , Sun Zhujun , Luo Ruifang , Lin Fang , Hu Riqiang , Yang Ting , Wang Yuting , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDNA methylation is widely involved in the modification of intestinal function, but the methylation mechanism in the enteric nervous system has not been studied in vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Herein, we firstly found that in the VAD group, gastrointestinal transit time was delayed compared with the vitamin A normal (VAN) group. RNA sequencing between VAD and VAN rats identified enriched pathways associated with enteric nerves and methylation transferase complexes. Then expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) were validated to significant increase in the VAD group. Representative reduced bisulfate sequencing showed that the VAD rats had high levels of DNA methylation in promoters and exons compared with the VAN rats. A combined methylomic and transcriptomic analysis identified that methylation levels of Sgk1, a key gene associated with enteric neural development, were elevated in the VAD group, and the activity of the SGK1/FOXO signaling axis was reduced. Furthermore, the colonic neuronal morphology and synaptic architecture were impaired in the VAD offspring. Interestingly, the above alterations in the VAD group were alleviated by vitamin A (VA) supplementation in the early postnatal period. These data suggest that VAD triggers colonic hypermethylation, which probably downregulates the SGK1/FOXO signaling pathway to cause colonic transfer dysfunction.
Gas‐free initiation for free‐radical frontal polymerization through charge transfer complexes
Authors: Gary Daniel P. , Al Mahmud Md Abdullah , Dawson Madison G. , Pojman John A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFrontal polymerization is a process in which a localized reaction zone propagates through the coupling of thermal transport and the Arrhenius kinetics of exothermic polymerization. Most initiators that have been used produce volatile by‐products, which create bubbles and voids. Tetraalkyl ammonium persulfates have been used but these require synthesis and do not have long shelf lives. A charge transfer complex (CTC) composed of an iodonium salt, and a phosphine compound has been identified as a gas‐free initiator for free‐radical thermal frontal polymerization. This CTC has 4‐(dimethylamino)phenyldiphenly phophine (DMAPDP) as the donor and p‐(octyloxyphenyl)phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate as the acceptor (IOC‐8). The CTC was tested with several acrylates, and all were found to support bubble‐free fronts. We determined the CTC mole ratio for some monomers at which the front velocity reaches a plateau.
Association between Ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined by different criteria in very low birth weight infants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ji Fengjuan , Gu Xunke , Bao Yingying , Zhang Qi , Xu Chuncai , Zhu Jiajun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between Ureaplasma colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with different definitions in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed with VLBW infants admitted from January 2019 to October 2021. Neonates with a positive respiratory tract Ureaplasma culture were included in the study group. Control group infants, matched for gestational age (±1 week), birth weight (±100 g), and birth year, had a negative respiratory tract Ureaplasma culture during the same period. The primary outcomes included the incidence and severity of BPD, defined by various criteria.ResultsThe study included 302 neonates (151 in the study group and 151 in the control group). After adjusting for confounders, Ureaplasma colonization was not associated with BPD as defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2001 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.362–1.860, p = .635). However, it was associated with BPD as defined by the NIH in 2018 (aOR: 2.490, 95% CI: 1.128–5.497, p = .024) and the Neonatal Research Network (NRN) in 2019 (aOR: 2.352, 95% CI: 1.077–5.134, p = .032). Additionally, VLBW infants with Ureaplasma colonization had a higher risk of moderate‐severe BPD according to the NIH 2001 (aOR: 2.352, 95% CI: 1.077–5.134, p = .032), NIH 2018 (aOR: 6.339, 95% CI: 1.686–23.836, p = .006), and NRN 2019 definitions (aOR: 3.542, 95% CI: 1.267–9.904, p = .016).ConclusionsUreaplasma colonization is not associated with BPD by the NIH 2001 definition, but is associated with an increased incidence by the NIH 2018 or NRN 2019 definitions.
Design and evaluation of an efficient mosquito trap
Authors: Wu Jing , Cai Lijun , Hu Ke , Cai Yiquan , Lai Zetian , Zhao Siyu , Liu Hongkai , Li Bin , Rong Yuchao , Gan Lu , Chen Xiao‐Guang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDVector mosquito control is important for preventing and controlling mosquito‐borne infectious diseases. This study designed and developed a mosquito killer (MK) with a specific light wavelength, simulated human body temperature, human odor, and a photocatalyst to stimulate CO2 based on the physiological characteristics and ecological habits of mosquitoes. We tested the trapping effect of individual and multiple mosquito‐trapping elements of the MK through two‐way selection experiments and compared them with several commercial mosquito traps.RESULTSThe 365 nm wavelength MK was significantly more effective than the 395 nm (Cx. quinquefasciatus: 62.00% vs. 34.25%; Ae. albopictus: 50.75% vs 45.00%, An. sinensis: 49.75% vs 39.00%). Mosquitoes captured by the MK with heaters at 365 nm were significantly more than those captured by the MK without heaters at 365 nm. A trap with a 365 nm wavelength, heating element, and lure showed significantly better capture effectiveness than MK with a 365 nm wavelength, heating element, but without lure (Cx. quinquefasciatus: 67.00% vs. 29.75%, Ae. albopictus: 60.25% vs 36.25%, An. sinensis: 49.75% vs 39.75%). The coated photocatalyst trap with a 365 nm wavelength, heating element, and lure showed significantly better capture effectiveness than the trap without coating (Cx. quinquefasciatus: 54.25% vs. 42.50%; Ae. albopictus: 53.50% vs 44.00%, An. sinensis: 50.00% vs 41.25%). This trap demonstrated a significantly better capture advantage for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus compared to the three commercial products.CONCLUSIONThe developed mosquito trap with multiple attractant factors significantly enhanced the capture effectiveness of common mosquitoes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.