bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception simplex: Verifiable collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles amidst obstacle detection faults
Authors: Bansal Ayoosh , Kim Hunmin , Yu Simon , Li Bo , Hovakimyan Naira , Caccamo Marco , Sha Lui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdvances in deep learning have revolutionized cyber‐physical applications, including the development of autonomous vehicles. However, real‐world collisions involving autonomous control of vehicles have raised significant safety concerns regarding the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) in safety‐critical tasks, particularly perception. The inherent unverifiability of DNNs poses a key challenge in ensuring their safe and reliable operation. In this work, we propose perception simplex (
), a fault‐tolerant application architecture designed for obstacle detection and collision avoidance. We analyse an existing LiDAR‐based classical obstacle detection algorithm to establish strict bounds on its capabilities and limitations. Such analysis and verification have not been possible for deep learning‐based perception systems yet. By employing verifiable obstacle detection algorithms,
identifies obstacle existence detection faults in the output of unverifiable DNN‐based object detectors. When faults with potential collision risks are detected, appropriate corrective actions are initiated. Through extensive analysis and software‐in‐the‐loop simulations, we demonstrate that
provides deterministic fault tolerance against obstacle existence detection faults, establishing a robust safety guarantee.
Seismic behavior of plate‐reinforced composite coupling beams with steel bar truss deck
Authors: Tian Jianbo , Liu Gaoju , Li Bolin , Xia Yuanyuan , Zhou Wenjing , Liang Gang 
Published: May 2024

SummaryTo better meet the evolving requirements of industrialized building system, this paper introduces a novel approach by proposing the utilization of a plate‐reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam, which incorporates a steel bar truss deck as a substitute for the conventional reinforced concrete (RC) slab. In order to study the effect of different types of RC slabs on the performance of PRC coupling beams, the low‐cyclic reversed loading test was carried out on three PRC coupling beams. The differences of failure modes, load bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation capacity of each coupling beam are analyzed. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to analyze the stress distribution in the concrete, steel plate, and reinforcement skeleton of the novel coupling beam. The results show that the incorporation of a steel bar truss deck in PRC coupling beams with a small span‐to‐depth ratio can effectively enhance their shear bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity. The inclusion of a slab significantly enhances the load‐bearing capacity of the coupling beam, while the utilization of a steel bar truss deck in PRC coupling beams greatly improves their overall bearing capacity. The PRC coupling beams featuring a steel bar truss deck exhibit superior load capacity compared to those with conventional RC slabs. The cumulative energy dissipation at the damage point in PRC beams with a steel bar truss deck is 1.39 times greater than that of the coupling beam without slabs and 1.18 times higher than that of the coupling beam with traditional RC slabs.
Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of multiple cutaneous tumours ascribed to sun damage in a Chinese crested dog
Authors: Dehesa Golding Alexandra , Scarampella Fabia , Roccabianca Paola , Baldassarre Antonella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis case report describes the clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological findings of three different neoplastic lesions (angiokeratoma, squamous cell carcinoma and multiple melanocytomas) and non‐tumoral skin in a hairless Chinese crested dog following chronic sun exposure. The non‐tumoral skin was characterized by “sunburn cells”, collagen degeneration, dermal elastosis and fibrosis, described in most species as caused by UV light exposure. Cutaneous angiokeratomas have been rarely reported in the canine literature. In this particular case we consider a possible correlation with UV damage.
A review of the applications of ensemble forecasting in fields other than meteorology
Authors: Chen Lianglyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a scientific approach to solving the uncertainty problems in single deterministic forecasts, ensemble forecasting has been applied in other fields besides meteorology and shows encouraging advantages. To comprehensively understand the applications of ensemble forecasting in other fields, this study offers a brief review. Several related papers are selected and outlined. The ways used to generate ensemble forecasts and the applications of ensemble forecast products in different studies are compared, the existing problems and challenges are discussed, and some suggestions are provided, with the hope that they provide useful references for researchers in related fields.
Decoding cognitive health using machine learning: A comprehensive evaluation for diagnosis of significant memory concern
Authors: Sajid M. , Sharma R. , Beheshti I. , Tanveer M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe timely identification of significant memory concern (SMC) is crucial for proactive cognitive health management, especially in an aging population. Detecting SMC early enables timely intervention and personalized care, potentially slowing cognitive disorder progression. This study presents a state‐of‐the‐art review followed by a comprehensive evaluation of machine learning models within the randomized neural networks (RNNs) and hyperplane‐based classifiers (HbCs) family to investigate SMC diagnosis thoroughly. Utilizing the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) dataset, 111 individuals with SMC and 111 healthy older adults are analyzed based on T1W magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, extracting rich features. This analysis is based on baseline structural MRI (sMRI) scans, extracting rich features from gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), Jacobian determinant (JD), and cortical thickness (CT) measurements. In RNNs, deep random vector functional link (dRVFL) and ensemble dRVFL (edRVFL) emerge as the best classifiers in terms of performance metrics in the identification of SMC. In HbCs, Kernelized pinball general twin support vector machine (Pin‐GTSVM‐K) excels in CT and WM features, whereas Linear Pin‐GTSVM (Pin‐GTSVM‐L) and Linear intuitionistic fuzzy TSVM (IFTSVM‐L) performs well in the JD and GM features sets, respectively. This comprehensive evaluation emphasizes the critical role of feature selection, feature based‐interpretability and model choice in attaining an effective classifier for SMC diagnosis. The inclusion of statistical analyses further reinforces the credibility of the results, affirming the rigor of this analysis. The performance measures exhibit the suitability of this framework in aiding researchers with the automated and accurate assessment of SMC. The source codes of the algorithms and datasets used in this study are available at https://github.com/mtanveer1/SMC.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Classification
Technologies > Machine Learning
Application Areas > Health Care
Introduction
Authors: Constantin Sandra V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis book examines the dynamics of individualization in post-collectivist China through the life-course of two emblematic birth cohorts amid socioeconomic and institutional transformations. The analyses rely on original longitudinal data, both qualitative and quantitative, collected in Beijing among urban and rural populations. Structured into three parts, the book traces the evolution of individualization, explores its impact on social policies and the transition to adulthood. How, in such a short period of time, young adults and their families have managed to navigate from a relatively egalitarian society to one of the most unequal? What impact these drastic changes, initiated by the State, have on the transition to adulthood?
The Postponement of Family Formation Due to Employment Instability
Authors: Constantin Sandra V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter reveals that the lengthening of the period of schooling, for the 1980s birth-cohort, delayed their entry into the workforce and financial autonomy. Job-seeking is likened to a “rat race”, emphasizing the importance of prestigious University degrees to find a job. Young adults face more and more challenges finding stable employment, with many experiencing job instabilities. Unemployment rates rise, particularly impacting those with rural hukou and lower educational achievements.Prolonged schooling and delayed stable employment lead to postponed transitions to marriage and parenthood for the 1980s birth-cohort compared to the 1950s. These shifts often create tensions and misunderstandings with parents who grew up and who were socialized in a very different social context.This chapter examines in-depth family trajectories and depicts the rise of independent lifestyles nestled between filial and conjugal ties. During this specific time lapse, young adults have jobs but are not yet burdened by family responsibilities. Findings reveal that while the housing market leans towards buying, gaining homeownership proves more and more challenging, particularly for those in precarious employment.
Peccei-Quinn inflation at the pole and axion kinetic misalignment
Authors: Lee Hyun Min , Menkara Adriana G. , Seong Myeong-Jung , Song Jun-Ho 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model with the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scalar field and explain the relic density of the QCD axion through the kinetic misalignment with a relatively small axion decay constant. To this purpose, we consider a slow-roll inflation from the radial component of the PQ field with the PQ conserving potential near the pole of its kinetic term and investigate the post-inflationary dynamics of the PQ field for reheating. The angular mode of the PQ field, identified with the QCD axion, receives a nonzero velocity during inflation due to the PQ violating potential, evolving with an approximately conserved Noether PQ charge. We determine the reheating temperature from the perturbative decays and scattering processes of the inflaton and obtain dark radiation from the axions produced from the inflaton scattering at a testable level in the future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. We show the correlation between the reheating temperature, the initial velocity of the axion and the axion decay constant, realizing the axion kinetic misalignment for the correct relic density.
Preparation of a scientific presentation
Authors: Günther Daniel ,   AGA Research Committee
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article provides a guide to creating a scientific presentation. It outlines the tasks a presenter has to perform before creating a presentation, gives tips for preparing a successful presentation, and provides techniques the presenter can use when giving the presentation. When preparing a presentation, the speaker must consider the aim of the presentation and the audience. Therefore, this article provides tips regarding layout, speaking time, language, citation style, structure, and how to increase the audience’s attention. Through a clear structure, visual support, and interaction with the audience, the presenter can convince the audience and successfully convey his scientific message. Finally, a checklist is provided to help researchers with finalizing their presentations.
Transient forward harmonic adjoint sensitivity analysis
Authors: Sarpe Julian , Klaedtke Andreas , De Gersem Herbert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a transient forward harmonic adjoint sensitivity analysis (TFHA), which is a combination of a transient forward circuit analysis with a harmonic balance-based adjoint sensitivity analysis. TFHA provides sensitivities of quantities of interest from time-periodic problems with many design parameters, as used in the design process of power-electronics devices. The TFHA shows advantages in applications where the harmonic balance-based adjoint sensitivity analysis or finite difference approaches for sensitivity analysis perform poorly. In contrast to existing methods, the TFHA can be used in combination with arbitrary forward solvers, i.e., general transient solvers.
Patulin alters alpha-adrenergic receptor signalling and induces epigenetic modifications in the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Mazibuko Makabongwe , Ghazi Terisha , Chuturgoon Anil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatulin (PAT) is a food-borne mycotoxin produced by Penicillium and Byssochlamys species. It is widely known for its mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic effects and has been associated with kidney injury; however, the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a study to explore the changes in α-adrenergic receptor signalling pathways and epigenetic modifications induced by PAT in the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice during acute (1 day) and prolonged (10 days) exposure. The mice (20–22 g) were orally administered PAT (2.5 mg/kg; at 1 and 10 days), and post-treatment, the kidneys were harvested, homogenised and extracted for RNA, DNA, and protein. The relative gene expression of the α-adrenergic receptors (ADRA1, ADRA2A, ADRA2B) and associated signalling pathways (MAPK, MAPK14, ERK, PI3K, and AKT) was assessed by qPCR. The protein expression of ERK1/2 and MAPK was determined by western blot. The impact of PAT on DNA methylation was evaluated by quantifying global DNA methylation; qPCR was used to determine gene expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and demethylase (MBD2). PAT downregulated the expression of ADRA1, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, PI3K, and AKT and upregulated ERK1/2 and MAPK protein expression. Furthermore, PAT induced alterations in DNA methylation patterns by upregulating DNMT1 and MBD2 expressions and downregulating DNMT3A and DNMT3B expressions, resulting in global DNA hypomethylation. In conclusion, PAT disrupts α-1 and α-2 adrenergic receptor signalling pathways and induces epigenetic modifications, that can lead to kidney injury.
Orchidopexy for undescended testis—rate and predictors of re-ascent
Authors: Selin Caroline , Hallabro Nilla , Anderberg Magnus , Börjesson Anna , Salö Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the rate of re-ascent requiring re-operation after primary orchidopexy and to investigate eventual differences between the inguinal and scrotal approach as well as other potential predictors for re-ascent.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of children treated for undescended testis (UDT) with orchidopexy between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. The primary outcome was re-ascent requiring re-operation, and the secondary outcome was atrophy rate. Independent variables were age, underlying conditions, side, surgical approach, operation time, bilaterality, congenital/ascended UDT, presence of scrotal hypoplasia, presence of a patent processus vaginalis, division of external oblique, and suture of the testis. Univariate and logistic regression were used to evaluate differences between groups and risk for re-ascent.

Results
A total of 662 testes in 554 patients were included. Re-operation occurred in 6% (7% with inguinal approach, 3% with scrotal approach, p = 0.04). Re-operation was associated with younger age, congenital UDT, and inguinal approach, but neither of these variables remained significant in multivariate analyses. Atrophy occurred in one testis.

Conclusion
The rate of re-ascent was 6% and the atrophy rate was 0.15%. A larger study may find predictors for re-ascent but with very low absolute risk. The lower rate of re-ascent with the scrotal approach is probably due to selection bias.
Non-motor symptoms in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current state and future directions
Authors: Bjelica Bogdan , Bartels Maj-Britt , Hesebeck-Brinckmann Jasper , Petri Susanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons. A defining histopathological feature in approximately 97% of all ALS cases is the accumulation of phosphorylated trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 protein (pTDP-43) aggregates in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells within the central nervous system. Traditionally, it was believed that the accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates and subsequent neurodegeneration primarily occurs in motor neurons. However, contemporary evidence suggests that as the disease progresses, other systems and brain regions are also affected. Despite this, there has been a limited number of clinical studies assessing the non-motor symptoms in ALS patients. These studies often employ various outcome measures, resulting in a wide range of reported frequencies of non-motor symptoms in ALS patients. The importance of assessing the non-motor symptoms reflects in a fact that they have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, yet they frequently go underdiagnosed and unreported during clinical evaluations. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge concerning non-motor symptoms in ALS. Furthermore, we address their diagnosis and treatment in everyday clinical practice.
Arousal, interindividual differences and temporal binding a psychophysiological study
Authors: Render Anna , Eisenbarth Hedwig , Oxner Matt , Jansen Petra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe sense of agency varies as a function of arousal in negative emotional contexts. As yet, it is unknown whether the same is true for positive affect, and how inter-individual characteristics might predict these effects. Temporal binding, an implicit measure of the sense of agency, was measured in 59 participants before and after watching either an emotionally neutral film clip or a positive film clip with high or low arousal. Analyses included participants’ individual differences in subjective affective ratings, physiological arousal (pupillometry, skin conductance, heart rate), striatal dopamine levels via eye blink rates, and psychopathy. Linear mixed models showed that sexual arousal decreased temporal binding whereas calm pleasure had no facilitation effect on binding. Striatal dopamine levels were positively linked whereas subjective and physiological arousal may be negatively associated with binding towards actions. Psychopathic traits reduced the effect of high arousal on binding towards actions. These results provide evidence that individual differences influence the extent to which the temporal binding is affected by high arousing states with positive valence.
Morphology and multiparameter flow cytometry combined for integrated lymphoma diagnosis on small volume samples: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Ehinger Mats , Béné Marie C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of lymphoma relies mainly on clinical examination and laboratory explorations. Among the latter, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue biopsy are the cornerstones for proper identification and classification of the disease. In lymphoma with blood and/or bone marrow involvement, multiparameter flow cytometry is useful. This technique can also be applied to fresh cells released from a biopsy sample. For full comprehension of lymphomas, surgical biopsies are best and indeed recommended by the hematopathological community. Currently, however, there is a global trend towards less invasive procedures, resulting in smaller samples such as core needle biopsies or fine needle aspirations which can make the diagnosis quite challenging. In this review, the possibilities and limitations to make an accurate lymphoma diagnosis on such small volume material are presented. After recalling the major steps of lymphoma diagnosis, the respective value of histology, cytology, and flow cytometry is discussed, including handling of small specimens. The benefits of an integrated approach are then evoked, followed by discussion about which attitude to adopt in different contexts. Perhaps contrary to the prevailing view among many pathologists, a full diagnosis on small volume material, combined with relevant ancillary techniques, is often possible and indeed supported by recent literature. A glimpse at future evolutions, notably the merit of artificial intelligence tools, is finally provided. All in all, this document aims at providing pathologists with an overview of diagnostic possibilities in lymphoma patients when confronted with small volume material such as core needle biopsies or fine needle aspirations.
Risk of advanced neoplasia after removal of colorectal adenomas with high-grade dysplasia
Authors: He Degao , Wang Kai , Zhang Yanhong , Jiang Xuefei , Chen Hao , Chen Junguo , Liu Danlin , Li Guanman , Hu Jiancong , He Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Many studies reported the presence of adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) at index colonoscopy increased the incidence of advanced neoplasia (AN) and colorectal cancer (CRC) following. However, the conclusion remains obscure due to lack of studies on the specific population of adenomas with HGD. This study aimed to assess the long-term risk of AN and CRC after removal of adenomas with HGD.

Methods
A total of 814 patients who underwent adenomas with HGD removal between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The outcomes were the incidences of AN and CRC during surveillance colonoscopy. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to identify risk factors associated with AN and CRC.

Results
During more than 2000 person-years of follow-up, we found that AN and CRC incidence densities were 44.3 and 4.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. The 10-year cumulative incidence of AN and CRC were 39.1% and 5.5%, respectively. In the multivariate model, synchronous low-risk polyps (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.10–2.93) and synchronous high-risk polyps (HR 3.99, 95% CI 2.37–6.72) were risk factors for AN, whereas participation in surveillance colonoscopy visits (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.88 for 1 visit; HR 0.10, 95% CI 0.06–0.19 for ≥ 2 visits) were associated with decreased AN incidence. Additionally, elevated baseline carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (HR 10.19, 95% CI 1.77–58.59) was a risk factor for CRC, while participation in ≥ 2 surveillance colonoscopy visits (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.56) were associated with decreased CRC incidence. Interestingly, for 11 patients who developed CRC after removal of adenomas with HGD, immunohistochemistry revealed that 8 cases (73%) were deficient mismatch repair CRCs.

Conclusions
Patients who have undergone adenoma with HGD removal are at higher risk of developing AN and CRC, while surveillance colonoscopy can reduce the risk. Patients with synchronous polyps, or with elevated baseline CEA level are considered high-risk populations and require more frequent surveillance.