bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Inspired Magnetic‐Responsive Supramolecular‐Covalent Semi‐Convertible Hydrogel
Authors: Gao Feng , Jiang Hongyue , Wang Dayang , Wang Shutao , Song Wenlong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBio‐inspired magnetic‐responsive hydrogel is confined in exceedingly narrow spaces for soft robots and biomedicine in either gel state or magnetofluidic sol state. However, the motion of the gel state magnetic hydrogel will be inhibited in various irregular spaces due to the fixed shape and size and the sol‐state magnetofluid gel may bring unpredictable residues in the confined narrow space. Inspired by the dynamic liquid lubricating mechanism of biological systems, novel magnetic‐responsive semi‐convertible hydrogel (MSCH) is developed through imbedding magnetic‐responsive gelatin and amino‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles network into the covalent network of polyvinyl alcohol, which can be switched between gel state and gel–sol state in response to magnetic stimuli. It can be attributed the disassembly of triple‐helix structures of the gelatin under the action of the magnetic field, driven by force from the magnetic particles conjugated on the gelatin chain through electrostatic interactions, while the covalent network retains the hydrogel structural integrity. This leads to a sol layer on the MSCH surface enabling the MSCH to pass effectively through the confined channel or obstacle under magnetic field. The present MSCH will provide an alternative mode for magnetic field‐related soft robots or actuators.
Simulation of the Thermal Behavior of a Photovoltaic Solar Panel Using Recent Explicit Numerical Methods
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Bodnár István , Kovács Endre 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeat transfer processes in a photovoltaic (PV) silicon solar panel are simulated under standard circumstances. A model containing an intricate treatment of the incoming solar radiation, long‐wave radiation, conduction, convection, and electrical power output is developed in mathematical form. To solve the time‐dependent partial differential equation, recent explicit numerical methods are utilized, which are unconditionally stable for heat conduction problems. Since very realistic values are obtained for the temperature and the dependent electrical variables such as the power output, one can conclude that these methods are efficient.
Incidence of knee and hip joint replacement associated with cumulative exposure to physical factors at work
Authors: d'Errico Angelo , Fontana Dario , Filippi Michelangelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) has been quite consistently associated with high physical workload and specific physical factors at work, while for hip OA, fewer studies are available, which still indicate possible associations with heavy lifting and physical workload. The objective of the study was to assess the association between exposure to workplace physical factors and incidence of knee and hip arthroplasty, as markers of severe OA in these joints.MethodsThe study population was composed of employees 25–60 years who participated in the Turin 2011 census. For each job held since 1995, exposure to physical factors was assigned to individuals in the cohort through a Job‐Exposure Matrix constructed from the Italian O*NET database. Using Poisson regression models, the incidence of knee and hip arthroplasty for OA, identified through hospitalizations from 2012 to 2018, was examined in relation to cumulative exposure to 7 different physical hazards and a composite indicator of physical workload constructed from 17 physical factors (Ergo‐Index).ResultsThe risk of knee OA was significantly increased in the highest cumulative exposure quartile of physical workload (incidence rate ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–3.16) and of all single hazards examined, compared to the lowest quartile, with significant trends in risk with increasing exposure. In contrast, no association was found with hip OA, whose relative risks were close to or below one in all higher‐exposure quartiles of physical workload and of each single hazard.ConclusionsOur results indicate that exposure to physical hazards at work increases the likelihood of developing knee OA, but not hip OA.
Urolithin A improves Alzheimer's disease cognition and restores mitophagy and lysosomal functions
Authors: Hou Yujun , Chu Xixia , Park Jae‐Hyeon , Zhu Qing , Hussain Mansoor , Li Zhiquan , Madsen Helena Borland , Yang Beimeng , Wei Yong , Wang Yue , Fang Evandro F. , Croteau Deborah L. , Bohr Vilhelm A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCompromised autophagy, including impaired mitophagy and lysosomal function, plays pivotal roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Urolithin A (UA) is a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid that stimulates mitophagy. The effects of UA's long‐term treatment of AD and mechanisms of action are unknown.METHODSWe addressed these questions in three mouse models of AD with behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches.RESULTSLong‐term UA treatment significantly improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in different AD transgenic mice. UA also reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies and enhanced long‐term potentiation. UA induced mitophagy via increasing lysosomal functions. UA improved cellular lysosomal function and normalized lysosomal cathepsins, primarily cathepsin Z, to restore lysosomal function in AD, indicating the critical role of cathepsins in UA‐induced therapeutic effects on AD.CONCLUSIONSOur study highlights the importance of lysosomal dysfunction in AD etiology and points to the high translational potential of UA.Highlights
Long‐term urolithin A (UA) treatment improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice.
UA restored lysosomal functions in part by regulating cathepsin Z (Ctsz) protein.
UA modulates immune responses and AD‐specific pathophysiological pathways.
Redox Approaches to Carbene Generation in Catalytic Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Uyeda Christopher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed carbene transfer reactions have a century‐old history in organic chemistry and are a primary method for the synthesis of cyclopropanes. Much of the work in this field has focused on the use of diazo compounds and related precursors, which can transfer a carbene fragment to a catalyst with concomitant loss of a stable byproduct. Despite the utility of this approach, there are persistent limitations in the scope of viable carbenes, most notably those lacking stabilizing substituents. By coupling carbene transfer chemistry with two‐electron redox cycles, it is possible to expand the available starting materials that can be used as carbene precursors. In this Minireview, we discuss emerging catalytic reductive cyclopropanation reactions using either gem‐dihaloalkanes or carbonyl compounds. This strategy is inspired by classic stoichiometric transformations, such as the Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation and the Clemmensen reduction, but instead entails the formation of a catalytically generated transition metal carbene or carbenoid. We also present recent efforts to generate carbenes directly from methylene (CR2H2) groups via a formal 1,1‐dehydrogenation. These reactions are currently restricted to substrates containing electron‐withdrawing substituents, which serve to facilitate deprotonation and subsequent oxidation of the anion.
Studies on the Biomimetic Synthesis of Marine Ladder Polyethers via Endo‐Selective Epoxide‐to‐Epoxonium Ring‐Opening Cascades
Authors: Xiao Jia‐Xi , Li Feng‐Xing , Ren Shu‐Jian , Qu Jin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarine ladder polyethers have attracted the attention of chemists and biologists because of their potent biological activities. Synthetic chemists have attempted to construct their polyether frameworks by epoxide ring‐opening cascades, as Nakanishi hypothesis describes. However, Baldwin's rules of ring closure state that exo‐selective intramolecular cyclization of epoxy alcohols is preferred over endo‐selective cyclization. Herein, we investigated epoxide ring‐opening cascades of polyepoxy alcohols in [EMIM]BF4/PFTB (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate /perfluoro‐tert‐butyl alcohol) and found that all‐endo products were formed via epoxide‐to‐epoxonium ring‐opening cyclizations (not restricted by Baldwin's rules, which only apply to intramolecular hydroxyl‐to‐epoxide cyclizations). We determined that the key factor enabling polyepoxy alcohols to undergo a high proportion of all‐endo‐selective cyclization was inhibition of exo‐selective hydroxyl‐to‐epoxide cyclization starting from the terminal hydroxyl group of a polyepoxy alcohol. By introducing a slow‐release protecting group to the terminal hydroxyl group, we could markedly increase the cyclization yields of polyether fragments with hydrogen atoms at the ring junctions. For the first time, we constructed consecutively fused six‐membered‐ring and fused seven‐, eight‐, and nine‐membered‐ring polyether fragments by epoxide‐to‐epoxonium ring‐opening cyclizations through the addition of a suitable Lewis acid. We also suggest that the biosynthesis of marine ladder polyethers may proceed via epoxide‐to‐epoxonium ring‐opening cyclization of polyepoxide.
Effect of heat treatment on the radial structure of coaxial polyacrylonitrile/mesophase pitch composite fiber
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhou Zhengyu , Zhao Deming , Xu Lianghua , Liu Yutao , Li Changqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoaxial composite fibers with a cortex of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and a core layer of mesophase pitch (MP) and PAN were prepared by wet spinning, then heat‐treated in air. The effects of heat treatment on the thermal reaction characteristics, pre‐oxidation degree, radial structure, and thermal stability of coaxial composite fibers were studied by differential scanning calorometry, Raman, and thermogravimetric analysis. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the coaxial composite fibers only undergo cyclization without oxidation, the peak temperature of the thermal reaction increases from 258 to 270°C, and the enthalpy increases from 19.66 to 237.82 J g−1, the heat mainly arises from the PAN component. The Dr value of the coaxial fiber skin layer increases from 0.193 to 0.255 (330°C) and then decreases to 0.236; the core layer Dr value increases from 0.353 to 0.392 (310°C) and then decreases to 0.368. The pre‐oxidation reaction leads to an increase in sp2‐hybridized carbons and an increase in pre‐oxidation degree. When the heat treatment temperature <310°C, the pre‐oxidation degree of the composite fibers increases, leading to formation of a more stable structure compared with that at lower temperatures and an increase in the carbon residue rate.
Reflections on the commensal model and future directions in Polynesian interaction studies
Authors: Greig Karen , Walter Richard 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTOne of the central themes of indigenous Polynesian historical narratives involves voyaging, navigation and patterns of inter‐island cultural connection. One of the ways archaeologists have long looked at these questions through the lens of material culture studies—distributions of artefact and assemblage traits in time and space. Here we examine patterns of historical interaction inferred from the application of the commensal model with those derived from more traditional archaeological approaches. We suggest that the most reliable and nuanced models of past cultural interaction in Eastern Polynesia will result from a creative synthesis of molecular zooarchaeology and traditional archaeological and zooarchaeological methods.
Unveiling Metabolic Similarities of Entheses in Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Using Noninvasive In Vivo Molecular Imaging: Results From a Cross‐sectional Exploratory Study
Authors: Fagni Filippo , Tascilar Koray , Noversa de Sousa Rita , Bayat Sara , Sollfrank Lukas , Kleyer Arnd , Sticherling Michael , Regensburger Adrian P. , Knieling Ferdinand , Neurath Markus F. , Schett Georg , Waldner Maximilian , Simon David 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveWe assessed and compared molecular tissue changes at the entheses in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and in healthy controls (HCs) in vivo using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and described their relationship with clinical and ultrasound findings of enthesitis.MethodsA cross‐sectional study (MSOT and Arthrosonography in PsA) in biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug–naïve patients with PsA and PsO and HCs was performed. Participants underwent clinical, ultrasonographic, and MSOT examination of six entheses (lateral humeral epicondyle, distal patellar tendon attachment, and Achilles tendon attachment). MSOT‐measured hemoglobin (Hb), oxygen saturation (SO2), collagen, and lipid levels were quantified, and mean differences between groups were calculated using linear mixed effects models. MSOT‐measured analytes were compared between entheses with and without clinical and ultrasound anomalies.ResultsNinety participants were included (30 PsO, 30 PsA, and 30 HCs), 540 entheses were clinically assessed, and 540 ultrasound and 830 MSOT scans were obtained. Patients with PsA and PsO showed increased oxygenated Hb (PsA: P = 0.003; PsO: P = 0.054) and SO2 (PsA: P < 0.001; PsO: P = 0.001) levels and decreased collagen signals (PsA: P < 0.001; PsO: P < 0.001) compared with HCs, with more pronounced changes in PsA. Significantly lower collagen levels (P = 0.01) and increased lipids (P = 0.03) were recorded in tender entheses compared with nontender ones. Erosions and enthesophytes on ultrasound were associated with significant differences in SO2 (P = 0.014) and lipid signals (P = 0.020), respectively.ConclusionPatients with PsA and PsO exhibit an analogous metabolic pattern at the entheses that is exacerbated in the presence of inflammation. These findings support the notion of a psoriatic disease spectrum characterized by common immunometabolic tissue changes.
Adaptive command filtered control for a class of nonlinear time delay systems with extreme learning machine
Authors: Zhu Jingyang , Li Shurong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an extreme learning machine (ELM)‐based adaptive command filtered control method is investigated for a class of strict feedback nonlinear systems with unknown external disturbances and time delay. To begin with, the original system state equation is transformed into a new form on account of coordinate transformation. Subsequently, an ELM is adopted to approximate unknown functions which exist in the whole system states, without any prior knowledges of the ideal weight vectors and approximation errors. Secondly, a command filter is developed for the system under consideration, which can avoid the probem of “explosion of complexity” caused by repeated derivation of virtual control signals in traditional backstepping control. Meanwhile, error compensation signals are designed to conquer the shortcoming of a dynamic surface control (DSC) method. The combination of ELM and command filter technique has been used to construct corresponding controllers and adaptive laws. Effective handling of the impact of time delay terms is ensured through designing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. The proposed strategy guarantees boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and the tracking error asymptotically converges to a compact set around the origin. In the end, two continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) are taken as example to further verify the efficiency of the put forward control method.
Cribriform pattern 4/intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and persistent prostate‐specific antigen after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sasaki Takeshi , Kobayashi Ikuo , Uchida Katsunori , Higashi Shinichiro , Masui Satoru , Nishikawa Kouhei , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Watanabe Masatoshi , Sassa Naoto , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to identify the effect of cribriform pattern 4 carcinoma/intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (CC/IDCP) on persistent prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study included 730 consecutive patients with localized PCa who underwent RARP at Mie University (n = 392) and Aichi Medical University (n = 338) between 2015 and 2021. Patients with clinically metastatic PCa (cN1 and cM1) and those who received neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy before biochemical recurrence were excluded. We evaluated the effects of CC/IDCP on persistent PSA levels after RARP. Persistent PSA was defined as PSA level ≥0.2 ng/mL at 1 month postoperatively and consecutively thereafter. Using factors from logistic regression analysis, models were developed to predict persistent PSA levels.ResultsApproximately 6.3% (n = 46) of the patients had persistent PSA levels. Patients with biopsy CC/IDCP (bCC/IDCP) and pathological CC/IDCP (pCC/IDCP) based on RARP specimens were 11.6% (85/730) and 36.5% (267/730), respectively. Multivariate analysis of the prediction of persistent PSA levels using preoperative factors revealed that PSA density, percentage of positive cancer cores, biopsy grade group and bCC/IDCP were independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of the prediction of persistent PSA levels using postoperative factors, excluding pN1, revealed that pathological grade group, pCC/IDCP, seminal vesicle invasion and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting persistent PSA after RARP, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model with preoperative factors, postoperative factors, including pN1, and postoperative factors, excluding pN1, were 0.827, 0.833 and 0.834, respectively.ConclusionsbCC/IDCP predicted persistent PSA after RARP in the overall population, while pCC/IDCP predicted persistent PSA only when the pN1 population was excluded. This may be useful for predicting susceptible patients with worse outcomes.
Statistical process monitoring creates a hemodynamic trajectory map after pediatric cardiac surgery: A case study of the arterial switch operation
Authors: Howsmon Daniel P. , Mikulski Matthew F. , Kabra Nikhil , Northrup Joyce , Stromberg Daniel , Fraser Charles D. , Mery Carlos M. , Lion Richard P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPostoperative critical care management of congenital heart disease patients requires prompt intervention when the patient deviates significantly from clinician‐determined vital sign and hemodynamic goals. Current monitoring systems only allow for static thresholds to be set on individual variables, despite the expectations that these signals change as the patient recovers and that variables interact. To address this incongruency, we have employed statistical process monitoring (SPM) techniques originally developed to monitor batch industrial processes to monitor high‐frequency vital sign and hemodynamic data to establish multivariate trajectory maps for patients with d‐transposition of the great arteries following the arterial switch operation. In addition to providing multivariate trajectory maps, the multivariate control charts produced by the SPM framework allow for assessment of adherence to the desired trajectory at each time point as the data is collected. Control charts based on slow feature analysis were compared with those based on principal component analysis. Alarms generated by the multivariate control charts are discussed in the context of the available clinical documentation.
Cultivating a sense of local community: Longitudinal population study on social, psychological, environmental, and technological factors
Authors: Bergdahl Jenna , Latikka Rita , Oksanen Atte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTechnological environments change social interactions within local communities, potentially leading to the erosion of the sense of local community. In this study, we examined the social, psychological, environmental, and technological factors that predict a sense of local community. Employing a longitudinal approach, we analysed predictors of a sense of local community among Finnish adults aged 18–80 years (N = 1,226) at three time points (spring 2021, spring 2022, and spring 2023). Our results, based on hybrid multilevel regression models, showed that greater neighbourhood engagement and perceived residential environment pleasantness positively predicted a sense of local community over time. Neighbourhood engagement, perceived residential environment pleasantness, use of neighbourhood technology, and positive attitude towards neighbourhood technologies showed positive effects and perceived loneliness and perceived level of urbanization negative between‐person effects, on a sense of local community. The results shed light on the determinants of a sense of local community and carry implications for broader community engagement efforts. Enhancing perceived residential environment pleasantness and promoting more active engagement within neighbourhoods could help increase a sense of local community. Future initiatives may also focus on utilizing neighbourhood technology as a tool to help strengthen a sense of local community. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Bora‐Diaza‐Indacene Based Fluorescent Probes for Simultaneous Visualisation of Lipid Droplets and Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Choi Peter J. , Tatenaka Yuki , Noguchi Katsuya , Ishiyama Munetaka , Denny William , Jose Jiney 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganelle selective fluorescent probes, especially those capable of concurrent detection of specific organelles, are of benefit to the research community in delineating the interplay between various organelles and the impact of such interaction in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its disruption in the diseased state. Although very useful, such probes are synthetically challenging to design due to the stringent lipophilicity requirement posed by different organelles, and hence, the lack of such probes being reported so far. This work details the synthesis, photophysical properties, and cellular imaging studies of two bora‐diaza‐indacene based fluorescent probes that can specifically and simultaneously visualise lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum; two organelles suggested having close interactions and implicated in stress‐induced cellular dysfunction and disease progression.
Ni Single Atom Decorated Porous Hollow Carbon Nanosphere‐Based Electrodes for High Performance Symmetric Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Pal Prashanta , Bhowmik Soumitra , Nandi Mahasweta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNi single atom containing hollow carbon nanospheres with nitrogen doping has been synthesized by carbonization of Ni(NO3)2/phloroglucinol‐formaldehyde polymer/silica composite. The samples have been characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, electron microscopic, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. The microstructure and surface area vary with the amount of Ni(NO3)2 employed in the syntheses and the carbonization environment. An optimized amount of nickel and argon as the carbonization gas afford Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar which possesses overall superior features. The uniformly dispersed Ni single atoms within the hollow porous carbon framework fully utilize all the electroactive sites thereby improving the supercapacitive performance. The specific capacitance of Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar reaches 777 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.4 % and excellent recyclability. The energy and power density of Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar are found to be high; at 1 A g−1 its energy density is 155.4 Wh kg−1 with a power density of 600.3 W kg−1. At a high current density of 10 A g−1 the material shows a high energy density of 118.4 Wh kg−1 with excellent power density of 6003.4 W kg−1. A symmetric solid‐state supercapacitor assembled with this material, Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar//Ni‐1.0@N@HCN‐Ar using H2SO4/PVA gel electrolyte shows a superior energy density value of 30 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1200 W kg−1.