bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodological standards for randomised controlled trials of interventions for preventing recurrence of child physical abuse and neglect
Authors: Tanaka Masako , Jamieson Ellen , Wathen Nadine , MacMillan Harriet L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDespite the significant financial and human resources invested in child protection services (CPS), it is unknown whether these services are effective in preventing recurrence of child physical abuse and neglect. This paper reviews available studies evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions and identifies methodological limitations and factors that may contribute to these limitations. We searched databases to identify randomised controlled trials published in peer‐reviewed journals in the past five decades that evaluated interventions to reduce recurrence of physical abuse and neglect. We outlined ten methodological standards that are important for rigorous testing of psychosocial interventions and applied them in critically appraising identified studies.Thirteen randomised controlled trials were reviewed. This review identified methodological limitations (e.g. small sample size, lack of standardisations, contamination) that made it difficult to draw reliable conclusions as to the effectiveness of interventions. Field‐specific factors that contributed to methodological limitations (e.g. heterogeneity of sample, multiple family problems, psychosocial nature of interventions) were identified and recommendations were provided for improvement.It was concluded that it is possible to implement high‐quality trials that are ethical and feasible in the child welfare field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Adsorption of Adenosine and Guanosine by a β‐Cyclodextrin/Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalation Compound
Authors: Jin L. , Ni X. , Liu X. , Wei M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA film of carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐intercalated Zn–Al layered double hydroxide (CMCD–LDH) was investigated for selective adsorption of the nucleosides adenosine (A) and guanosine (G). The effects of pH value and adsorption time on the adsorption behavior were studied. The CMCD–LDH film shows a higher selectivity for G than A under identical conditions of G and A, which results from the ability of selective recognition of the interlayer CMCD. The kinetic studies show that adsorption of A and G by the CMCD–LDH film can be described satisfactorily by the slab diffusion model. Both the values of diffusion coefficient (D) and adsorption capability (qe) of G by the CMCD–LDH film are larger than those of A, demonstrating the selective adsorption of the CMCD–LDH film for nucleosides. Due to its easy preparation and manipulation, this film is expected to be successfully applied in the field of selective adsorption and separation.
Application of Chaos Analysis for the Investigation of Turbulence in Heterogeneous Bubble Columns
Authors: Nedeltchev S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Kolmogorov entropy (KE) algorithm was applied to local gas holdup fluctuations for estimating the degree of turbulence (chaos) in a large‐scale bubble column (0.289 m ID and clear liquid height: 1.31 m). The latter was operated with nitrogen and polyalphaolefin liquid (PSS8) in the churn‐turbulent regime (0.117 ≤ Ug ≤ 0.257 m/s) at both high temperature (T = 441–468 K) and pressure (P = 1.8–2.5 MPa). Measurements in four different zones (z = 0.35, 0.67, 1.1 and 1.52 m) were performed. When the bubble coalescence is weak (local gas holdups < transitional gas holdup), the KE exhibits an initial peak (enhanced turbulence) in the first zone, then a sudden drop in the second zone and finally it increases smoothly in the upper zones. In the case of strong bubble coalescence, the KE exhibits alternating maxima and minima, i.e., instable flow patterns. It was found that at z = 1.52 m, the KE values increase with P. At higher values of T, the KE values are lower in all zones.
Ionic Liquids for Propene‐Propane Separation
Authors: Mokrushin V. , Assenbaum D. , Paape N. , Gerhard D. , Mokrushina L. , Wasserscheid P. , Arlt W. , Kistenmacher H. , Neuendorf S. , Göke V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an extensive study on the feasibility of ionic liquids (IL) for the extractive distillation of propene‐propane mixtures. A new experimental method for express screening of non‐volatile entrainers was elaborated. A series of ILs and their mixtures were screened at ambient temperature and low pressures. The screening results show that every tested IL turns a low boiler propene into a high boiler and the alkene‐to‐alkane separation factor can be as low as 0.28. The solubility and separation efficiency can be tuned by adjusting the chemical structures of the ions forming the IL. It was found that shortening of the alkyl substituents of the imidazolium ions leads to a decrease in capacity and to an increase in the separation factor. Interestingly, ILs containing nitrile functionalities in either the cation or the anion showed, in our experiments, enhanced separation ability combined with still good capacities. From our thermodynamic measurements, [EMIM][[B(CN)4] was proved to be the most promising candidate. Binary mixtures of ILs were also tested and resulted in separation factors and capacities between the values for the individual ILs. For the most promising candidates, also autoclave measurements at elevated temperatures and pressures were carried out. These experiments indicate that the separation ability decreases with growing temperature and loading. In general, our study definitely proves the high potential of ILs to act as entrainers in the extractive distillation of propene‐propane mixtures or for the separation of any other low‐boiling alkene‐alkane mixture.
Direct Isomerization of Linoleic Acid to Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLA) using Gold Catalysts
Authors: Bauer P. , Horlacher P. , Claus P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSupported gold catalysts, e.g., Au on Al2O3, Fe2O3, CeO2, MnO2, TiO2, ZrO2, activated carbon, titanium silicalite TS‐1, were prepared and used for the isomerization of linoleic acid (cis‐9,cis‐12‐octadecadienoic acid) to conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in the presence of hydrogen at 165 °C in a batch reactor. The best results were obtained using a catalyst with 2 wt % Au on TS‐1, which exhibits a high selectivity (78 %) towards CLA. The two biologically active target CLA isomers, i.e., cis‐9,trans‐11‐CLA and trans‐10,cis‐12‐CLA, were the main products. During the isomerization of linoleic acid to CLA, consecutive reactions also took place. These were the hydrogenation of linoleic acid and CLA to monounsaturated octadecenoic acids and the further hydrogenation of monounsaturated acids to stearic acid. Thus, gold catalysts are capable of isomerizing linoleic acid to CLA and hydrogenating their double bonds to an extent that depends on the Au catalyst used.
On the Origin of Reversible Hydrogen Activation by Phosphine–Boranes
Authors: Rajeev Ramanan , Sunoj Raghavan B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMechanistic insights into the factors responsible for the reversible hydrogen‐activation ability exhibited by an aryl phosphine–borane system ((CH3)2P‐C6F4‐B(CF3)2) are presented. A detailed evaluation of the energies of various intermediates, generated by the addition of molecular hydrogen, and their interconverting barriers have been carried out using ab initio and DFT methods. Several rearrangement possibilities of the H2–phosphino–borane adduct have been investigated so as to unravel the lower energy pathways that convert the initial adduct to a series of other intermediates. The initial adduct formed by the heterolytic addition of a molecular hydrogen across the CB bond is identified to undergo a series of rearrangement reactions until it terminates at the CP end of the molecule. Among the possible 1,n‐migrations (for which n=1–5), 1,2‐proton migrations are found to possess lower energy transition states, whereas 1,2‐hydride (in a zwitterionic intermediate) and 1,4‐proton‐coupled electron transfers exhibited much higher energy transition states. The minimum energy pathway for the transfer of a proton and hydride from the CB bond to the CP bond is found to involve a cascade of 1,2‐proton transfers followed by a 1,2‐hydride migration and finally a 1,4‐proton‐coupled electron transfer. The higher energy pathways identified for the hydride transfer suggest the possibility of a cascade of reversible proton migrations from a thermodynamically stable intermediate (Ma). Possible uptake of two hydrogen molecules by the phosphine–borane system is additionally considered in the present study, in which relatively higher barriers than those with one molecule of hydrogen are observed. The computed thermodynamic parameters are found to be in accordance with the experimental observations, in which the uptake and storage of molecular hydrogen are carried out at lower temperatures whereas the liberation demands elevated temperatures.
Dendron‐Functionalized Core–Shell Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles: Magnetically Recoverable and Reusable Catalysts for Suzuki CC Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Rosario‐Amorin Daniel , Wang Xin , Gaboyard Manuel , Clérac Rodolphe , Nlate Sylvain , Heuzé Karine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA metallodendron functionalized with dicyclohexyldiphosphino palladium complex was synthesized. The metallodendron was grafted onto core–shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles (γ‐Fe2O3/polymer, 200–500 nm) to give optimal catalytic reactivity in cross‐coupling reactions. The grafted nanoparticles were used as recoverable and reusable catalysts for Suzuki CC cross‐coupling reactions. They showed remarkable reactivity towards iodo‐ and bromoarenes under mild conditions, and unprecedented reactivity towards chloroarenes. On completion of the catalytic reaction, the catalysts were readily recovered by using a simple magnet to attract the superparamagnetic grafted nanoparticles. Catalysts were recovered more than 25 times with almost no discernable loss of reactivity.
Ferumoxides–protamine sulfate is more effective than ferucarbotran for cell labeling: implications for clinically applicable cell tracking using MRI
Authors: van Buul G. M. , Farrell E. , Kops N. , van Tiel S. T. , Bos P. K. , Weinans H. , Krestin G. P. , van Osch G. J. V. M. , Bernsen M. R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe use of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) for labeling cells holds great promise for clinically applicable cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging. For clinical application, an effectively and specifically labeled cell preparation is highly desired (i.e. a large amount of intracellular iron and a negligible amount of extracellular iron). In this study we performed a direct comparison of two SPIO labeling strategies that have both been reported as efficient and clinically translatable approaches. These approaches are cell labeling using ferumoxides–protamine complexes or ferucarabotran particles. Cell labeling was performed on primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and chondrocytes. For both cell types ferumoxides–protamine resulted in a higher percentage of labeled cells, a higher total iron load, a larger amount of intracellular iron and a lower amount of extracellular iron aggregates, compared with ferucarbotran. Consequently, hBMSC and chondrocyte labeling with ferumoxides–protamine is more effective and results in more specific cell labeling than ferucarbotran. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of reinforced concrete through SPH‐FE coupling and its application to the simulation of a projectile's impact onto a slab
Authors: Caleyron F. , Chuzel‐Marmot Y. , Combescure A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe analysis of structural behavior under extreme solicitations such as crash and impact requires the modeling of fragmentation, rupture and large deformation phenomena. The use of finite elements (FE) in this type of problem is not easy, mainly because this approach relies on a mesh that cannot handle distortions and tearing well. In order to circumvent this difficulty, methods termed ‘meshless’, such as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, have been devised. These methods enable one to undertake numerical simulations involving the extreme types of behavior mentioned above. Thus, for example, the simulation of a projectile's impact onto a reinforced concrete slab can be easily envisaged. One's wish to carry out predictive calculations raises the question of the modeling of the reinforcement. It is tempting to use an SPH formulation for the slab and a beam FE formulation for the reinforcement. Therefore, the problem boils down to the coupling of two structures modeled with two different formulations: the slab with an SPH formulation, and the reinforcement with a FE formulation. This paper presents the development of a theory based on the use of Lagrange multipliers, which enable the coupling of a structure modeled with SPH with a structure modeled with beam FEs. This theory was implemented into the EUROPLEXUS fast dynamics software, then validated through simple test cases. Finally, the program was applied to the simulation of a projectile's impact onto a reinforced concrete slab.The aim of this work is to propose an alternative method to smeared representations of reinforcements in concrete. Indeed, smeared representations of reinforced concrete are widely used but do not represent explicitly the reinforcement, which is fundamental to study impacts onto the rebars and phenomenons such as separation of the reinforcement from the concrete or fracture of the rebars. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First experience of compressible gas dynamics simulation on the Los Alamos roadrunner machine
Authors: Woodward Paul R. , Jayaraj Jagan , Lin Pei‐Hung , Dai William 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report initial experience with gas dynamics simulation on the Los Alamos Roadrunner machine. In this initial work, we have restricted our attention to flows in which the flow Mach number is less than 2. This permits us to use a simplified version of the PPM gas dynamics algorithm that has been described in detail by Woodward (2006). We follow a multifluid volume fraction using the PPB moment‐conserving advection scheme, enforcing both pressure and temperature equilibrium between two monatomic ideal gases within each grid cell. The resulting gas dynamics code has been extensively restructured for efficient multicore processing and implemented for scalable parallel execution on the Roadrunner system. The code restructuring and parallel implementation are described and performance results are discussed. For a modest grid size, sustained performance of 3.89 Gflops−1 CPU‐core−1 is delivered by this code on 36 Cell processors in 9 triblade nodes of a single rack of Roadrunner hardware. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA Condensation by Field‐Induced Non‐Equilibrium Noise
Authors: Bruinsma Robijn F. , Riehn Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDNA molecules under good solvent conditions condense when subjected to strong AC electrical fields. It is shown that AC electrical fields couple charge fluctuations to molecular shape fluctuations, which produces a non‐equilibrium noise source that can dominate over equilibrium thermal noise in the long‐wavelength limit. The field‐induced excess charge fluctuations amplify the Asakura–Oosawa fluctuation attraction force between neighboring chains, providing a mechanism for field‐induced DNA condensation.
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence from ordered GaInP2 epitaxial layers
Authors: Prutskij T. , Pelosi C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe temperature behavior of the integrated intensity of photoluminescence (PL) emission from ordered GaInP2 epitaxial layer was measured at temperatures of 10 ‐ 300 K. Within this temperature range the PL emission is dominated by band‐to‐band radiative recombination. The PL intensity temperature dependence has two regions: at low temperatures it quenches rapidly as the temperature increases, and above 100 K it reduces slowly. This temperature behavior is compared with that of disordered GaInP2 layer. The specter of the PL emission of the disordered layer has two peaks, which are identified as due to donor‐accepter (D‐A) and band‐to‐band recombination. The PL intensity quenching of these spectral bands is very different: With increasing temperature, the D‐A peak intensity remains almost unchanged at low temperatures and then decreases at a higher rate. The intensity of the band‐to‐band recombination peak decays gradually, having a higher rate at low temperatures than at higher temperatures. Comparing these temperature dependencies of these PL peaks of ordered and disordered alloys and the temperature behavior of their full width at half maximum (FWHM), we conclude that the different morphology of these alloys causes their different temperature behavior. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the substrate temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of tin selenide thin films deposited by thermal evaporation method
Authors: Kumar N. , Sharma V. , Padha N. , Shah N. M. , Desai M. S. , Panchal C. J. , Protsenko I. Yu. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThin films of tin selenide (SnSe) were deposited on sodalime glass substrates, which were held at different temperatures in the range of 350‐550 K, from the pulverized compound material using thermal evaporation method. The effect of substrate temperature (Ts) on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the films were investigated using x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission measurements, and Hall‐effect characterization techniques. The temperature dependence of the resistance of the films was also studied in the temperature range of 80‐330 K. The XRD spectra and the SEM image analyses suggest that the polycrystalline thin films having uniform distribution of grains along the (111) diffraction plane was obtained at all Ts. With the increase of Ts the intensity of the diffraction peaks increased and well‐resolved peaks at 550 K, substrate temperature, were obtained. The analysis of the data of the optical transmission spectra suggests that the films had energy band gap in the range of 1.38‐1.18 eV. Hall‐effect measurements revealed the resistivity of films in the range 112‐20 Ω cm for films deposited at different Ts. The activation energy for films deposited at different Ts was in the range of 0.14 eV‐0.28 eV as derived from the analysis of the data of low‐temperature resistivity measurements. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of L‐valine ‐ a nonlinear optical crystal
Authors: Moitra S. , Kar T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe growth of a new nonlinear optical material L‐valine by solvent evaporation method is reported here. To grow good quality crystals pH value of growth solution has been optimized and solubility of L‐valine in different solvents and different pH values was determined. The grown crystals were characterized by IR, single crystal XRD, DTA and TGA, optical transmission and second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency measurement. SHG efficiency of L‐valine was found equivalent to KDP and its transmission is 75%‐80% from ultraviolet to near IR region. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐Hamiltonian parameters and local lattice structure for Pd(I) center in γ‐irradiated bis(acetylacetonato)palladium(II)
Authors: Feng W. L. , Zeng T. X. , Chen T. H. , Chen J. J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper reports on a theoretical analysis of spin‐Hamiltonian parameters and local lattice structure for Pd(I) center in γ‐irradiated Pd(II)(acac)2. Through the crystal‐ and ligand‐field theory, the microscopic spin‐Hamiltonian parameters and local molecular structure for Pd(I) center in the γ‐irradiated Pd(II)(acac)2 system have been studied by using the high‐order perturbation formulas and Newman's superposition model. Based on these calculations, it was found that the distance of the metal‐ligand bonds in the square planar complex for Pd(I) center in the γ‐irradiated Pd(II)(acac)2 system increases by 0.1Å. To understand the detailed physical and chemical properties of the [Pd(I)(acac)2]2– complex, the contributions of the spin‐orbit coupling of ligand to spin‐Hamiltonian parameters for Pd(I) ion are considered. The theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Oxidative Stress Modulation Immediately After Hemodialysis
Authors: Alamdari Daryoush Hamidi , Honarmand Malektaj , Sarrafnejad Abdolfattah , Varasteh Abdolreza , Parizadeh Mohammad Reza , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Fahimi Daryoush , Kostidou Elena , Hatzitolios Apostolos I. , Koliakos George 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAIMThe aim of this study was to estimate oxidative stress (OS) before and after dialysis in hemodialysis (HD) patients and correlate this stress with routine biochemical parameters.METHODSera of patients (n = 21), under regular HD, were collected 5 minutes before and after an HD session. Oxidative stress was estimated using the pro‐oxidant‐antioxidant assay (PAB), along with routine biochemical parameters in the same sera.RESULTSA significant increase of OS value was observed in HD patients 5 minutes after dialysis. Before HD, a significant correlation was established between the PAB values and fasting blood sugar, calcium, and C‐reactive protein (CRP); and an inverse correlation between the PAB values and uric acid, serum creatinine, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio. This correlation was not obvious after HD. PAB value, after dialysis, correlated significantly only with serum iron and inversely with alanine transaminase.CONCLUSIONThis study found that the already‐increased OS in HD patients is further increased immediately after dialysis. However, factors influencing post‐dialysis OS may be different from pre‐dialysis factors.
Successful Switch to Tacrolimus in a Patient with Pseudotumor Cerebri Following Cyclosporine a Treatment in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Lee Sang Joon , Jung Yeon Soon , Rim Hark , Yoo Bong Goo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report a case involving a 26‐year‐old Asian woman who developed pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) 2 years after renal transplantation. Cyclosporine A (CsA) was the only medication with a known neurotoxic side effect among her medications. CsA was discontinued and substituted with tacrolimus. After the CsA had been stopped, the elevated intracranial pressure gradually decreased and the bilateral papilledema finally normalized within 6 months. The case described herein is the first case of PTC that improved after renal transplantation by switching from CsA to tacrolimus.