bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motion, deformation and aggregation of two cells in a microchannel by dielectrophoresis
Authors: Ye Ting , Li Hua , Lam Khin Yong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of two cells in a microchannel subject to a nonuniform electric field is simulated numerically by a two‐fluid model in the present work. Owing to the presence of nonuniform electric field, usually the cells are polarized and then the dielectrophoresis occurs. The dielectrophoretic force induces the movement and deformation of cells in the microchannel. Meanwhile, the cell membrane develops a mechanical force to resist the cell deformation. In addition, the intercellular interaction becomes dominant when the cell–cell distance is short enough such that an intercellular force is generated. The three forces are taken into account in the two‐fluid model to characterize the dynamic behavior of cells. In order to validate the present model, the cell deformation is calculated and compared with the experimental results published previously, where a quantitative agreement is achieved. It is demonstrated by simulations that the cell conductivity mainly determines the motion and deformation of cells at low frequency. Instead of the cell conductivity however, the cell permittivity plays a critical and leading role at high frequency. These phenomena are consistent with the experimental observations. Furthermore, the intercellular interaction may cause the change in the dynamic behavior of cells.
Tumor microenvironment composition in pediatric classical Hodgkin lymphoma is modulated by age and Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: Barros Mário Henrique M. , Vera‐Lozada Gabriela , Soares Fernando A. , Niedobitek Gerald , Hassan Rocio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a small number of neoplastic cells in a background of reactive cells. Children and adults differ in constitution and functionality of the immune system and it is possible that there may be age‐related differences in tumor microenvironment composition in cHL. One hundred children with pediatric cHL were studied. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and image analysis. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) status was determined by EBER‐specific in situ hybridization and IHC. Results were analyzed in the context of age‐group, histological characteristics and clinical follow‐up. EBV‐status was not associated with age‐group. Children <10 years and EBV+ cases were characterized by a more intense T cell infiltrate, exhibiting a cytotoxic/Th1 profile, characterized by higher numbers of CD3+, CD8+, TIA1+ and TBET+ lymphocytes. Extranodal disease (p = 0.016) and high number of GranzymeB+ lymphocytes (p = 0.04) were independently associated with reduced progression‐free survival (PFS). Yet, in EBV+ cases, improved outcome was observed in cases with low numbers of FOXP3+ lymphocytes (p = 0.046), FOXP3/CD8 ratio < 1 (p = 0.021) and TBET/CMAF ratio < 1 (p = 0.017). By contrast, in EBV− cases, poor survival was observed in cases with extranodal disease (p = 0.028), MC subtype (p = 0.009) and high numbers of TIA1+ (p = 0.044) and GranzymeB+ (p = 0.04) lymphocytes. The results suggest that in EBV+ cHL an effective immune response directed against viral or tumor antigens may be triggered in the tumor microenvironment and that physiological and age‐related changes of the immune system may also modulate the tumor microenvironment in pediatric cHL.
Practices of Productive Adult Book Clubs
Authors: Beach Richard , Yussen Steven 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article examines two adult book club members’ responses to literary texts over a 23‐month period to identify practices that contribute to productive book club participation. Members were interviewed regarding their book selection procedures, preparation for and perceptions of the discussions, and what they valued about the discussions. Discussions were analyzed in terms of book club members drawing on their knowledge and expertise to interpret texts, developing topics based on the number of different turns per topic, and adopting “point‐driven” versus “story‐driven” stances. Three basic factors are identified as contributors to productive book club participation: (1) the use of codified, vetted selection procedures; (2) collaborative sharing of knowledge and expertise to provide insights into books in ways that transcend members’ individual responses; and (3) the development of discussion topics through building on members’ interpretations.
Classroom Remix: Patterns of Pedagogy in a Techno‐Literacies Poetry Unit
Authors: Callahan Meg , King Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractResearchers collaborated with two high school creative writing teachers to consider how a particular use of technology—PowerPoint poetry interpretations—would function in their creative writing classes. Their findings encouraged them to consider three kinds of “classroom remix” related to the introduction of techno‐literacy practices into the curricular activities: (1) “composition remix,” which refers to the blending of visual, linguistic, and auditory composition elements afforded by PowerPoint technology; (2) “mindset remix,” which refers to the way teachers and students create a collage of insider and outsider mindsets; and (3) “participation remix,” which refers to the distribution of knowledge, expertise, and agency. In all cases, the classroom remix created a new blend of patterns and hierarchies that led the teachers, students, and researchers to challenge assumptions and raise new questions about how language arts classrooms function in the digital age.
Aneugenic potential of the anticancer drugs melphalan and chlorambucil. The involvement of apoptosis and chromosome segregation regulating proteins
Authors: Efthimiou Maria , Stephanou Georgia , Demopoulos Nikos A. , Nikolaropoulos Sotiris S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPrevious findings showed that the anticancer drugs p‐N,N‐bis(2‐chloroethyl) amino‐l‐phenylalanine (melphalan, MEL) and p‐N,N‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)aminophenylbutyric acid (chlorambucil, CAB) belonging to the nitrogen mustard group, in addition to their clastogenic activity, also exert aneugenic potential, nondisjunction and chromosome delay. Their aneugenic potential is mainly mediated through centrosome defects. To further investigate their aneugenicity we (a) studied whether apoptosis is a mechanism responsible for the elimination of damaged cells generated by MEL and CAB and (b) investigated if proteins that regulate chromosome segregation are involved in the modulation of their aneugenic potential. Apoptosis was studied by Annexin‐V/Propidium Iodide staining and fluorescence microscopy. The involvement of apoptosis on the exclusion of cells with genetic damage and centrosome disturbances was analyzed by DAPI staining and immunofluorescence of β‐ and γ‐tubulin in the presence of pan‐caspase inhibitor. The expressions of Aurora‐A, Aurora‐B, survivin and γ‐tubulin were studied by western blot. We found that (a) apoptosis is not the mechanism of choice for selectively eliminating cells with supernumerary centrosomes, and (b) the proteins Aurora‐A, Aurora‐B and survivin are involved in the modulation of MEL and CAB aneugenicity. These findings are important for the understanding of the mechanism responsible for the aneugenic activity of the anticancer drugs melphalan and chlorambucil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A functional haplotype in EIF2AK3, an ER stress sensor, is associated with lower bone mineral density
Authors: Liu Jie , Hoppman Nicole , O'Connell Jeffrey R , Wang Hong , Streeten Elizabeth A , McLenithan John C , Mitchell Braxton D , Shuldiner Alan R 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
EIF2AK3 is a type I transmembrane protein that functions as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor to regulate global protein synthesis. Rare mutations in EIF2AK3 cause Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (OMIM 226980), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes, epiphyseal dysplasia, osteoporosis, and growth retardation. To investigate the role of common genetic variation in EIF2AK3 as a determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis, we sequenced all exons and flanking regions, then genotyped six potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene in 997 Amish subjects for association analysis, and attempted replication in 887 Mexican Americans. We found that the minor allele of a nonsynonymous SNP rs13045 had borderline associations with decreased forearm BMD in both discovery and replication cohorts (unadjusted p = 0.036 and β = − 0.007 for the Amish; unadjusted p = 0.031 and β = − 0.008 for Mexican Americans). A meta-analysis indicated this association achieved statistical significance in the combined sample (unadjusted p = 0.003; Bonferroni corrected p = 0.009). Rs13045 and three other potentially functional SNPs, a promoter SNP (rs6547787) and two nonsynonymous SNPs (rs867529 and rs1805165), formed two haplotypes: a low-BMD associated haplotype, denoted haplotype B [minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.311] and a common haplotype A (MAF = 0.676). There were no differences in mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines between the two haplotypes. However, after treating lymphoblastoid cell lines with thapsigargin to induce ER stress, cell lines with haplotype B showed increased sensitivity to ER stress (p = 0.014) compared with cell lines with haplotype A. Taken together, our results suggest that common nonsynonymous sequence variants in EIF2AK3 have a modest effect on ER stress response and may contribute to the risk for low BMD through this mechanism. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Oral supplementation with 25(OH)D3 versus vitamin D3: Effects on 25(OH)D levels, lower extremity function, blood pressure, and markers of innate immunity
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike Annette , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Stöcklin Elisabeth , Sidelnikov Eduard , Willett Walter Churchill , Edel John Orav , Stähelin Hannes Balthasar , Wolfram Swen , Jetter Alexander , Schwager Joseph , Henschkowski Jana , von Eckardstein Arnold , Egli Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo test the effect of 25(OH)D3 (HyD) compared to vitamin D3 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (25(OH)D), lower extremity function, blood pressure, and markers of innate immunity. Twenty healthy postmenopausal women with an average 25(OH)D level of 13.2 ± 3.9 ng/mL (mean ± SD) and a mean age of 61.5 ± 7.2 years were randomized to either 20 µg of HyD or 20 µg (800 IU) of vitamin D3 per day in a double-blind manner. We measured on 14 visits over 4 months, 25(OH)D serum levels, blood pressure, and seven markers of innate immunity (eotaxin, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-12, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 kDa [IP-10], monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein beta [MIP-1β], and “Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted” [RANTES]). At baseline and at 4 months, a test battery for lower extremity function (knee extensor and flexor strength, timed up and go, repeated sit-to-stand) was assessed. All analyses were adjusted for baseline measurement, age, and body mass index. Mean 25(OH)D levels increased to 69.5 ng/mL in the HyD group. This rise was immediate and sustained. Mean 25(OH)D levels increased to 31.0 ng/mL with a slow increase in the vitamin D3 group. Women on HyD compared with vitamin D3 had a 2.8-fold increased odds of maintained or improved lower extremity function (odds ratio [OR] = 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–6.58), and a 5.7-mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0002). Both types of vitamin D contributed to a decrease in five out of seven markers of innate immunity, significantly more pronounced with HyD for eotaxin, IL-12, MCP-1, and MIP-1 β. There were no cases of hypercalcemia at any time point. Twenty micrograms (20 µg) of HyD per day resulted in a safe, immediate, and sustained increase in 25(OH)D serum levels in all participants, which may explain its significant benefit on lower extremity function, systolic blood pressure, and innate immune response compared with vitamin D3. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cortical porosity is higher in boys compared with girls at the distal radius and distal tibia during pubertal growth: An HR-pQCT study
Authors: Nishiyama Kyle K , Macdonald Heather M , Moore Sarah A , Fung Tak , Boyd Steven K , McKay Heather A 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the sex- and maturity-related differences in bone microstructure and estimated bone strength at the distal radius and distal tibia in children and adolescents. We used high-resolution pQCT to measure standard morphological parameters in addition to cortical porosity (Ct.Po) and estimated bone strength by finite element analysis. Participants ranged in age from 9 to 22 years (n = 212 girls and n = 186 boys) who were scanned annually for either one (11%) or two (89%) years at the radius and for one (15%), two (39%), or three (46%) years at the tibia. Participants were grouped by the method of Tanner into prepubertal, early pubertal, peripubertal, and postpubertal groups. At the radius, peri- and postpubertal girls had higher cortical density (Ct.BMD; 9.4% and 7.4%, respectively) and lower Ct.Po (–118% and–56%, respectively) compared with peri- and postpubertal boys (all p &lt; 0.001). Peri- and postpubertal boys had higher trabecular bone volume ratios (p &lt; 0.001) and larger cortical cross-sectional areas (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.001) when compared with girls. Based upon the load-to-strength ratio (failure load/estimated fall force), boys had lower risk of fracture than girls at every stage except during early puberty. Trends at the tibia were similar to the radius with differences between boys and girls in Ct.Po (p &lt; 0.01) and failure load (p &lt; 0.01) at early puberty. Across pubertal groups, within sex, the most mature girls and boys had higher Ct.BMD and lower Ct.Po than their less mature peers (prepuberty) at both the radius and tibia. Girls in early, peri-, and postpubertal groups and boys in peri- and postpubertal groups had higher estimates of bone strength compared with their same-sex prepubertal peers (p &lt; 0.001). These results provide insight into the sex- and maturity-related differences in bone microstructure and estimated bone strength. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
A facile synthesis of 2‐alkyl‐3‐α‐carboxy‐α‐styryl/heterylvinyl quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 3‐arylidene/heterylmethylidene‐4‐aroyl‐1H‐[1,4]benzodiazepine‐2,5(3H,4H)‐diones and their transformation into novel heterocyclyl and heterocyclo analogues
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Sharma Archana , Sharma R. L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCondensation of 2‐methyl‐/2‐ethyl‐ and 2‐phenyl‐/p‐tolyl‐4‐arylidene‐/heterylmethylidene‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐ones (γ‐azlactones) 2 with o‐aminobenzamide 1 in acetic acid resulted in the formation of two entirely different heterocyclic systems, differently substituted quinazoline compounds, 2‐methyl‐/2‐ethyl‐3‐α‐carboxy‐α‐styryl‐/β‐heteryl‐α‐carboxyvinyl‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones 3a–3e and 3′a–3′e and differently substituted 1,4‐benzodiazepine compounds, 3‐arylidene‐/heteryl methylidene‐4‐aroyl‐1H‐[1,4]benzodiazepine‐2,5(3H,4H)‐diones 7a–7e and 7′a–7′e. Compounds 3a–3e and 3′a–3′e have been converted into compounds, 4a–4e and 4′a–4′e; 5a–5e, and 5′a–5′e; and 6a–6e and 6′a–6′e through different transformations. Benzodiazepines, 7a–7e and 7′a–7′e, on condensation with o‐phenylenediamine have generated three novel heterocyclic systems 8a–8e and 8′a–8′e; 9a–9e and 9′a–9′e; and 10a–10e and 10′a–10′e. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Interfacing Living Yeast Cells with Graphene Oxide Nanosheaths
Authors: Yang Sung Ho , Lee Taemin , Seo Eunyong , Ko Eun Hyea , Choi Insung S. , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe first example of the encapsulation of living yeast cells with multilayers of GO nanosheets via LbL self‐assembly is reported. The GO nanosheets with opposite charges are alternatively coated onto the individual yeast cells while preserving the viability of the yeast cells, thus affording a means of interfacing graphene with living yeast cells. This approach is expanded by integrating other organic polymers or inorganic nanoparticles to the cells by hybridizing the entries with GO nanosheets through LbL self‐assembly. It is demonstrated that incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles can deliver magnetic properties to the biological systems, allowing the integration of new physical and chemical functions for living cells with a combination of GO nanosheets.magnified image
Measuring in vivo tumor pHe with CEST‐FISP MRI
Authors: Sheth Vipul R. , Li Yuguo , Chen Liu Qi , Howison Christine M. , Flask Chris A. , Pagel Mark D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractParamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agents have been developed that can measure pH in solution studies, but these agents have not previously been detected in vivo. To use the PARACEST agent Yb‐DO3A‐oAA to measure the extracellular pH (pHe) in tumor tissue, a chemical exchange saturation transfer fast imaging with steady state precession MRI protocol was developed, the saturation period was optimized for sensitive chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) detection, and median filtering was used to remove artifacts in CEST spectra. These improvements were used to correlate pH with a ratio of two CEST effects of Yb‐DO3A‐oAA at a 7 T magnetic field strength (R2 = 0.99, standard deviation of precision = 0.011 pH units). The PARACEST agent could not be detected in tumor tissue following i.v. injection due to the low sensitivity of in vivo CEST MRI. Yb‐DO3A‐oAA was detected in tumor tissue and leg muscle after directly injecting the PARACEST agent into these tissues. The measured CEST effects were used to measure a tumor pH of 6.82 ± 0.21 and a leg muscle pH of 7.26 ± 0.14, and parametric pH maps were also generated from these tissue regions. These results demonstrated that tumor pHe can be measured with a PARACEST agent and a rapid CEST‐MRI protocol. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Assembly, and Activity of Antisense DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Keum Jung‐Won , Ahn Jin‐Ho , Bermudez Harry 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDiscrete DNA nanostructures allow simultaneous features not possible with traditional DNA forms: encapsulation of cargo, display of multiple ligands, and resistance to enzymatic digestion. These properties suggested using DNA nanostructures as a delivery platform. Here, DNA pyramids displaying antisense motifs are shown to be able to specifically degrade mRNA and inhibit protein expression in vitro, and they show improved cell uptake and gene silencing when compared to linear DNA. Furthermore, the activity of these pyramids can be regulated by the introduction of an appropriate complementary strand. These results highlight the versatility of DNA nanostructures as functional devices.
Concise Review: The Promise of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Studies of Schizophrenia
Authors: Brennand Kristen J. , Gage Fred H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZD) is a heritable developmental disorder. Although the molecular mechanism of disease remains unclear, insights into the disorder have been made through a vast array of experimental techniques. Together, magnetic resonance brain imaging, pharmacological, and post-mortem pathological studies have observed decreased brain volume, aberrant neurotransmitter signaling, reduced dendritic arborization, and impaired myelination in SCZD. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as rare copy number variants that contribute to SCZD, while mouse models of candidate SCZD genes show behavioral abnormalities and anatomical perturbations consistent with human disease. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) makes it possible to study SCZD using live human neurons with a genetic predisposition toward SCZD, even without knowledge of the genes interacting to produce the disease state. SCZD hiPSC neurons show cellular defects comparable to those identified in post-mortem human and mouse studies, and gene expression changes are consistent with predictions made by GWAS. SCZD hiPSC neurons represent a new tool to look beyond phenotype and begin to dissect the molecular mechanisms of SCZD.
The Classroom Environment
Authors: Roskos Kathleen , Neuman Susan B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe classroom environment is uppermost in teachers' minds at the start of each school year. Designing an effective classroom environment for learning to read and reading is both an art and a science. Aligning physical space with instructional goals involves the flexible use of space that is adapted to instructional needs. A well‐designed classroom environment is the first step in providing a literate environment that fosters reading and writing to learn.
Comparison of turbulence models for the computational fluid dynamics simulation of wind turbine wakes in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Cabezón D. , Migoya E. , Crespo A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTAn elliptic computational fluid dynamics wake model based on the actuator disk concept is used to simulate a wind turbine, approximated by a disk upon which a distribution of forces, defined as axial momentum sources, is applied on an incoming non‐uniform shear flow. The rotor is supposed to be uniformly loaded with the exerted forces estimated as a function of the incident wind speed, thrust coefficient and rotor diameter. The model is assessed in terms of wind speed deficit and added turbulence intensity for different turbulence models and is validated from experimental measurements of the Sexbierum wind turbine experiment.The elliptic model is also compared with other wake models in the literature on the basis of parabolic and large eddy simulation approximations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phototransduction mechanisms in Drosophila microvillar photoreceptors
Authors: Hardie Roger C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhototransduction in Drosophila is mediated by a G‐protein coupled phospholipase C (PLC) cascade leading to graded membrane depolarization. It is the preferred model for phototransduction in microvillar photoreceptors and an important model for the ubiquitous phosphoinositide signaling cascade. The photoreceptors respond sensitively to single photons 10–100× more rapidly than vertebrate rods, yet still light adapt to signal under full sunlight. Incident light is absorbed and transduced in the rhabdomere, a 1–2 µm diameter, 100 µm long waveguide composed of ∼30,000 tightly packed microvilli, which contain the visual pigment rhodopsin and all the major components of the cascade. PLC hydrolyzes phosphatidyl‐inositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate diacylglycerol (DAG), inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate (InsP3), and also a proton. This results in activation of two classes of Ca2+ permeable cation channels, TRP and TRPL—the prototypical members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of cation channels. Recent evidence suggests that the channels may be activated in a combinatorial manner by two neglected consequences of PLC activity, namely simultaneous depletion of PIP2 and acidification. Several components of the cascade, including TRP, PLC, and protein kinase C are assembled into multimolecular signaling complexes by the PDZ‐domain scaffolding protein INAD. Ca2+ influx via TRP channels is essential for rapid kinetics, amplification, and light adaptation and mediates both positive and negative feedback via multiple downstream targets, including the channels, rhodopsin, and PLC. This Ca2+‐dependent feedback along with the ultracompartmentalization provided by the microvillar design and molecular scaffolding is critical for the combination of sensitivity, rapid kinetics, and broad dynamic range. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:162–187. doi: 10.1002/wmts.20For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.