bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the abundance of C3/C4 species of Inner Mongolia grassland: evidence from isotopic composition of soil and vegetation
Authors: WITTMER MAXIMILIAN H. O. M. , AUERSWALD KARL , BAI YONGFEI , SCHÄUFELE RUDI , SCHNYDER HANS 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGlobal warming, increasing CO2 concentration, and environmental disturbances affect grassland communities throughout the world. Here, we report on variations in the C3/C4 pattern of Inner Mongolian grassland derived from soil and vegetation. Soil samples from 149 sites covering an area of approximately 250 000 km2 within Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China were analyzed for the isotopic composition (δ13C) of soil organic carbon (SOC). The contrast in δ13C between C3 and C4 plants allowed for calculation of the C3/C4 ratio from δ13C of SOC with a two‐member mixing model, which accounted for influences of aridity and altitude on δ13C of the C3 end‐member and for changes in δ13C of atmospheric CO2. Maps were created geostatistically, and showed a substantially lower C4 abundance in soil than in recent vegetation (−10%). The difference between soil and vegetation varied regionally and was most pronounced within an E–W belt along 44°N and in a mountainous area, suggesting a spread of C4 plants toward northern latitudes (about 1°) and higher altitudes. The areas of high C4 abundance for present vegetation and SOC were well delineated by the isotherms of crossover temperature based on the climatic conditions of the respective time periods. Our study indicates that change in the patterns of C3/C4 composition in the Inner Mongolia grassland was mainly triggered by increasing temperature, which overrode the antagonistic effect of rising CO2 concentrations.
A rapid HPLC‐determination of ATP‐related compounds and its application to herring stored under modified atmosphere
Authors: Özogul Fatih , Taylor K. D. Anthony , Quantick Peter C. , Özogul Yesim 
Published: July 2009

SummaryA high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed by using gradient elution with acetonitrile as a mobile phase to reduce the time required for determination of ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, HxR and Hx. The method was then applied to investigate nucleotide degradation in herring kept in ice and MAP (60% CO2/40% N2).
Use of the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) as a technique for monitoring low‐temperature treated and  irradiated muscle tissues
Authors: Park Jong‐Heum , Hyun Chang‐Kee , Jeong Seok‐Kyu , Yi Mi‐Ae , Ji Seung‐Taek , Shin Heuyn‐Kil 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe influence of refrigeration, freezing, repetitive freezing‐thawing, and irradiation on meat quality were evaluated by detecting DNA damage to beef muscle tissues using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). Comet tail lengths indicating DNA damage levels increased with refrigeration time up to 10 days. In the case of frozen storage, the damage was increased only for the first 15 days of storage, but after that, decreased slightly and the tail lengths at 15 days were similar to those of 3˜5 days refrigerated storage. Tail lengths resulting from repetitive freezing‐thawing were increased after two cycles of treatment and three cycles produced longer tails than those that had been refrigerated for 10 days or kept in frozen storage for 60 days. Irradiation from 1 to 10 kGy caused the most serious DNA damage among the treatments compared in this study. The two kinds of muscle tissue were similar in the pattern of results obtained from the Comet assay. The mean tail length of the comets reflected approximately the increasing patterns of DNA damage, but the differences of values between the extents of treatment were somewhat insignificant and anomalous. Therefore, we used the concept of relative damage index (RDI) calculated from per cent cells data for each tail length range and representing a state of DNA damage. Significantly different values in RDI’s made it possible to discriminate samples according to the treatment levels within each treatment.
A robust method for processing scanning probe microscopy images and determining nanoobject position and dimensions
Authors: SILLY F. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryProcessing of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) images is essential to explore nanoscale phenomena. Image processing and pattern recognition techniques are developed to improve the accuracy and consistency of nanoobject and surface characterization. We present a robust and versatile method to process SPM images and reproducibly estimate nanoobject position and dimensions. This method is using dedicated fits based on the least‐square method and the matrix operations. The corresponding algorithms have been implemented in the FabViewer portable application. We illustrate how these algorithms permit not only to correct SPM images but also to precisely determine the position and dimensions of nanocrystals and adatoms on surface. A robustness test is successfully performed using distorted SPM images.
Cytoplasmic membrane protonmotive force energizes periplasmic interactions between ExbD and TonB
Authors: Ollis Anne A. , Manning Marta , Held Kiara G. , Postle Kathleen 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe TonB system of Escherichia coli (TonB/ExbB/ExbD) transduces the protonmotive force (pmf) of the cytoplasmic membrane to drive active transport by high‐affinity outer membrane transporters. In this study, chromosomally encoded ExbD formed formaldehyde‐linked complexes with TonB, ExbB and itself (homodimers) in vivo. Pmf was required for detectable cross‐linking between TonB–ExbD periplasmic domains. Consistent with that observation, the presence of inactivating transmembrane domain mutations ExbD(D25N) or TonB(H20A) also prevented efficient formaldehyde cross‐linking between ExbD and TonB. A specific site of periplasmic interaction occurred between ExbD(A92C) and TonB(A150C) and required functional transmembrane domains in both proteins. Conversely, neither TonB, ExbB nor pmf were required for ExbD dimer formation. These data suggest two possible models where either dynamic complex formation occurred through transmembrane domains or the transmembrane domains of ExbD and TonB configure their respective periplasmic domains. Analysis of T7‐tagged ExbD with anti‐ExbD antibodies revealed that a T7 tag was responsible both for our previous failure to detect T7–ExbD–ExbB and T7–ExbD–TonB formaldehyde‐linked complexes and for the concomitant artefactual appearance of T7–ExbD trimers.
Variation in larval chaetotaxy inOrthosia gothica(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): effects of mother, sex and side, and implications for systematics
Authors: MUTANEN MARKO , RUOTSALAINEN HANNE , KAILA LAURI 
Published: July 2009

Abstract.Insect larval characteristics, including chaetotaxy, are used widely in systematics, including for classification and phylogenetic reconstruction. Despite their common use, basic aspects of larval morphology, including intraspecific variation, effects of relatedness between individuals, sex and asymmetry, are little investigated. In the larvae of the noctuid mothOrthosia gothica, properties of shape and size were separated to examine their effects separately. Siblings were found not to cover the entire variation of a population, and therefore specimens originating from a single female do not represent independent samples. This methodological bias may potentially lead to wrong conclusions regarding species characteristics. We observed slight differences between the left and right sides of the specimens studied, implying that one side should be examined consistently in studying larval chaetotaxy. We found no differences between sexes, but this may apply only to the species examined here; in general, sex should be determined and accounted for. We discovered considerable variation in seta numbers, which further emphasizes the importance of sufficient material, particularly in cladistic analyses in which setal counts are often used as characters.
IgE cross‐reactivity between Ascaris and domestic mite allergens: the role of tropomyosin and the nematode polyprotein ABA‐1
Authors: Acevedo N. , Sánchez J. , Erler A. , Mercado D. , Briza P. , Kennedy M. , Fernandez A. , Gutierrez M. , Chua K. Y. , Cheong N. , Jiménez S. , Puerta L. , Caraballo L. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Analysis of cross‐reactivity between the nematode Ascaris ssp. and dust mites, two important allergen sources in the tropics, will contribute in understanding their influence on asthma and atopy. The objective of this study was to investigate immunoglobulin E (IgE) cross‐reactivity between Ascaris and two domestic mites in the tropics.Methods:  Sera from 24 asthmatic patients were used in ELISA and immunoblotting IgE‐binding inhibition assays using Ascaris, Blomia tropicalis and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts and the recombinants Blo t 10, ABA‐1 and Blo t 13 as competitors. Identification of Ascaris allergens was confirmed by mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS).Results:  We detected at least 12 human IgE‐binding components in Ascaris extract. Blomia tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus inhibited 83.3% and 79% of IgE‐binding to Ascaris, while Ascaris inhibited 58.3% and 79.3% to B. tropicalis and D. pteronyssinus respectively. Mite tropomyosin inhibited 85% of IgE‐binding to Ascaris. Affinity‐purified human IgE to rBlo t 10 identified an allergen of 40 kDa in Ascaris extract, further confirmed as tropomyosin by LC‐MS/MS. We found no evidence of IgE cross‐reactivity between rABA‐1 and any allergen component in mite extracts, including rBlo t 13.Conclusions:  There is cross‐reactivity between Ascaris and mites, determined by several allergens including tropomyosin and glutathione‐S‐transferase. In addition to its potential impact on asthma pathogenesis, Ascaris infection and mite allergy diagnosis relying on the determination of specific IgE could be affected by this cross‐reactivity. ABA‐1 has no cross‐reactive counterpart in mite extracts, suggesting its usefulness as a more specific marker of Ascaris infection.
Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean tolerance to low phosphorus stress based on flower and pod abscission
Authors: Zhang D. , Liu C. , Cheng H. , Kan G. , Cui S. , Meng Q. , Gai J. , Yu D. 
Published: July 2009

With 2 figures and 5 tables AbstractLow phosphorus (P) stress limits soybean production. A population of 152 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ‘Bogao’ (P sensitive variety) and ‘Nannong 94‐156’ (P tolerant variety) and 248 markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for low‐P tolerance. Two pot culture trials were conducted and low‐P tolerance evaluated using flower and pod abscission rate under low P and normal P. Conditional QTLs and epistasis for tolerance to low P were also analysed. A conditional QTL (near Satt274) on linkage group D1b+W was identified which conferred low‐P tolerance epistatic effects and coincided with previously discovered QTLs. An additive QTL, qFARLPG‐07, for flower abscission rate under low P was detected with a LOD score of 7.79 and explained 32.3% of phenotypic variation. It was detected at the same interval of the corresponding QTL for other traits across years. This region coincided with two conditional QTLs (cqFARLPG‐07 and cqPARLPG‐07), from the P‐tolerant parent ‘Nannong 94‐156’ related to low‐P tolerance. These results will provide a basis for further fine mapping and eventual cloning of the P‐efficiency genes in soybean.
Role of southeastern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone in the tectonic evolution of Zagros Orogenic Belt, Iran
Authors: Arfania Ramin , Shahriari Sohrab 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGeological studies indicate that the southeastern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, located in the southeastern Zagros Orogenic Belt, is subdivided transversally into the Esfahan–Sirjan Block with typical Central Iranian stratigraphic features and the Shahrekord–Dehsard Terrane consisting of Paleozoic and Lower Mesozoic metamorphic rocks. The Main Deep Fault (Abadeh Fault) is a major lithospheric fault separating the two parts. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the role of the southeastern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone in the tectonic evolution of the southeastern Zagros Orogenic Belt on the basis of geological evidence. The new model implies that Neo‐Tethys 1 came into being when the Central Iran Microcontinent split from the northeastern margin of Gondwana during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. During the Late Triassic a new spreading ridge, Neo‐Tethys 2, was created to separate the Shahrekord–Dehsard Terrane from Afro–Arabian Plate. The Zagros sedimentary basin was formed on a continental passive margin, southwest of Neo‐Tethys 2. The two ophiolitic belts of Naien–Shahrebabak–Baft and Neyriz were developed to the northeast of Neo‐Tethys 1 and southwest of Neo‐Tethys 2 respectively, related to the sinking of the lithosphere of the Neo‐Tethys 1 in the Late Cretaceous. It can be concluded that deposition of the Paleocene conglomerate on the Central Iran Microcontinent and Pliocene conglomerate in the Zagros Sedimentary Basin is directly linked to the uplift generated by collision.
Petrologic evolution of Palau, a nascent island arc
Authors: Hawkins James W. , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPalau Islands, 7°30′N, are the only emergent feature on the more than 2500‐km‐long Kyushu–Palau Ridge. Small islands are mainly uplifted reef carbonate. Larger islands are volcanic with basalt to dacite and rare boninite. Polymict breccia is abundant: sills, flows, and dykes are common but pillows are rare. Palau Trench samples include all types found on the islands as well as high‐Mg basalt. Volcanism began in the late Eocene and ended by early Miocene. All igneous rocks comprise a low‐K primitive island arc‐tholeiite series. None are mid‐ocean ridge basalts. Rare earth elements and high field‐strength elements indicate a depleted mantle source. Elevated large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements indicate influx of ‘dehydration fluid’. Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* ratios show no evidence for recycling of arc‐derived clastics. Plate reconstructions and paleomagnetic data suggest that the arc probably formed on the trace of a transform fault that migrated northward and rotated clockwise up to 90°. Episodes of transtension caused upwelling of hot mantle into depleted mantle and sheared altered rocks of the transform. Episodes of transpression may have initiated subduction of old seafloor with a thin cover of pelagic sediments deposited far from terrigenous sediment sources.
Selected testosterone‐related diseases in women who have given birth to a child with infantile autism
Authors: Mouridsen Svend Erik , Rich Bente , Isager Torben 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  The objective of the current study was to compare the prevalence of three testosterone‐related cancer diseases in the mothers of 111 individuals diagnosed as children with infantile autism (IA) with a matched comparison group of mothers of 330 children from the general population.Method:  All mothers were screened through the nationwide Danish National Hospital Register. We inquired about breast‐, uterine‐, and ovarian cancer diseases during an observation period of 27 years.Results:  At follow up a similar proportion of case and control mothers had a diagnosis of any cancer disease: 6.3% vs 8.5%. In addition, no single cancer disease was significantly more frequent among mothers of children with IA.Conclusion:  Our study provides no support for an (eventually androgen‐mediated) increased rate of cancer in mothers of persons with IA.
The rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder in Chinese‐Taiwanese patients
Authors: Lin Feng‐Cheng , Lai Chiou‐Lian , Huang Poyin , Liu Ching‐Kuan , Hsu Chung‐Yao 
Published: July 2009

Aims:  While the features of rapid‐eye‐movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have been reported in Caucasian patients, the characteristics of Chinese‐Taiwanese patients with RBD have never been examined.Methods:  Subjects were retrospectively recruited between April 2005 and February 2008 from the neurological clinic and sleep laboratory in the Department of Neurology of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. A total of 70 consecutive subjects fulfilling the criteria for RBD were recruited.Results:  The records of standard overnight polysomnography in patients with RBD were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty‐five (35.7%) of the patients were female; the mean age of diagnosis was 67 years and the mean age of symptom onset was 60 years. Among patients with idiopathic RBD, there were 28 men (61%) and 18 women (39%). Nocturnal wandering in the bedroom was reported in 11 cases and out of the bedroom in seven cases. Nineteen patients (27.1%) had accidental falling from bed and 27 patients (38.6%) had sleep‐related injury that resulted in ecchymosis and laceration of the head, face or limbs.Conclusions:  We found that some features in Chinese‐Taiwanese patients with RBD were different from Caucasian patients, such as a greater female ratio, lower injury episodes during sleep and more sleep wandering.
Unique alternative translation from two open reading frames on Acpin1 mRNA yields an acrosomal protein and a salivary‐gland‐specific protein
Authors: Ueda Tomohiro , Manabe Hiroyuki , Tokuhiro Keizo , Hirose Mika , Matsuoka Yasuhiro , Miyagawa Yasushi , Tsujimura Akira , Fujita Kyoko , Wada Morimasa , Okuyama Akihiko , Nishimune Yoshitake , Tanaka Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2009

Objective:  To examine the expression profiles of the proteins translated from Acpin1 mRNA in germ cells.Methods:  Northern and western blotting of various tissues and immunohistochemical analysis of germ cells were carried out in a mouse model.Results:  ACPIN1 protein was transcribed from the longer, 3′ open reading frame (ORF) of Acpin1. An alternative‐splicing variant, Acpin1vs, contained only the smaller, 5′ ORF of the full‐length Acpin1 gene. Its gene product, SAGSIN1, was expressed specifically in salivary glands. Retrotransposed regions of Acpin1 homology were also detected in various chromosomes, and intronless paralogous genes on the X chromosome were expressed in the testis and other tissues. The genomic structure of Acpin1 is highly conserved in mammals.Conclusion:  The two ORFs on the Acpin1 mRNA are independently translated in differentiated cells. Analysis of gene Acpin1 might clarify the molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis.
Seasonal fluctuation, phenology and turnover of chafer assemblages – insight to the structural plasticity of insect communities in tropical farmlands
Authors: Ahrens Dirk , Gc Yubak Dhoj , Lago Paul K , Nagel Peter 
Published: July 2009

Abstract1 Studies on chafer assemblages were conducted on two farmland sites in the Terai lowland of Nepal (200 m above sea level) using light traps. During the course of a 2‐year field monitoring program, a total of 4503 specimens was captured and an unexpectedly high number of syntopically co‐occurring species was found: 52 from Gunganagar (GN) and 36 from Gaindakot (GK), respectively. Highest species abundances and species numbers were found during April and May.2 Species occurrence was strongly correlated with air temperature and the maximum soil temperature, at least during the pre‐monsoon season. However, assemblage structure from the two sites showed significant qualitative and quantitative changes seasonally, as well as from 1 year to the next. Turnover rates between adjacent months were in the range 26–62% (GN) and 37–70% (GK), whereas the turnover from 2004 to 2005 was 25.8% (GN) and 21.4% (GK) respectively.3 When only dominant and subdominant taxa are considered, the seasonal change in species composition was even more striking.4 Strong fluctuation in chafer assemblage over time suggests: (i) a possible influence of patchy habitat types and soil working on seasonal assemblage structure and (ii) colonization of suitable habitats (fields) in great part by chance.
An experimental test of a visual‐based push–pull strategy for control of wood boring phytosanitary pests
Authors: Pawson Stephen Mark , Watt Michael Stuart 
Published: July 2009

Abstract1 International phytosanitary standards require mandatory fumigation for key wood boring beetle pests prior to export. Pressure to reduce the use of toxic fumigants has created a need for alternative control techniques.2 A visual based push–pull strategy that exploits a differential attraction to yellow and ultra violet (UV) lights was tested for its efficacy at controlling Cerambycidae.3 The relative attraction of four ‘push’ lighting treatments [two yellow (high and low‐pressure Sodium), one white (metal halide) and a control (no light)] to beetles was assessed. Highly attractive UV ‘pull’ traps were compared with a paired control trap, the difference used as a measure of the UV traps attractiveness to residual beetles attracted by ‘push’ lights.4 Trap catch beneath the two yellow ‘push’ lights was more similar to the control (no light) treatment than the white light for both species. Control ‘push’ lights had the highest average catch of Arhopalus ferus, whereas white light was least attractive. This finding was counter intuitive to expectations, and potential mechanisms are discussed. The white ‘push’ light was most attractive to Prionoplus reticularis.5 Ultraviolet ‘pull’ traps were highly attractive to residual beetles drawn to yellow ‘push’ light treatments. Relative attraction to the UV ‘pull’ traps beneath control and white ‘push’ lights differed between species.6 The results obtained suggest that a push–pull strategy combining yellow site lighting with UV kill traps could provide site specific control of wood borers. Future research should attempt large‐scale trials that are subject to competing alternative stimuli at a wood processing site.
Archaeal communities associated with shallow to deep subseafloor sediments of the New Caledonia Basin
Authors: Roussel Erwan G. , Sauvadet Anne‐Laure , Chaduteau Carine , Fouquet Yves , Charlou Jean‐Luc , Prieur Daniel , Cambon Bonavita Marie‐Anne 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe distribution of the archaeal communities in deep subseafloor sediments [0–36 m below the seafloor (mbsf)] from the New Caledonia and Fairway Basins was investigated using DNA‐ and RNA‐derived 16S rRNA clone libraries, functional genes and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A new method, Co‐Migration DGGE (CM‐DGGE), was developed to access selectively the active archaeal diversity. Prokaryotic cell abundances at the open‐ocean sites were on average ∼3.5 times lower than at a site under terrestrial influence. The sediment surface archaeal community (0–1.5 mbsf) was characterized by active Marine Group 1 (MG‐1) Archaea that co‐occurred with ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) sequences affiliated to a group of uncultured sedimentary Crenarchaeota. However, the anoxic subsurface methane‐poor sediments (below 1.5 mbsf) were dominated by less active archaeal communities, such as the Thermoplasmatales, Marine Benthic Group D and other lineages probably involved in the methane cycle (Methanosarcinales, ANME‐2 and DSAG/MBG‐B). Moreover, the archaeal diversity of some sediment layers was restricted to only one lineage (Uncultured Euryarchaeota, DHVE6, MBG‐B, MG‐1 and SAGMEG). Sequences forming two clusters within the Thermococcales order were also present in these cold subseafloor sediments, suggesting that these uncultured putative thermophilic archaeal communities might have originated from a different environment. This study shows a transition between surface and subsurface sediment archaeal communities.