bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporomandibular joint, skull base and mandibular ramus functional reconstruction with homologous bank tissue and free flap: A case report with 30 months follow‐up
Authors: Maranzano Massimo , Rizzo Roberto , Cicognini Alessandro , Sorato Renzo , Recchia Guglielmo , De Grazia Raffaella , Di Paola Francesco , Paolin Adolfo , Mazzoleni Giovanni 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBig craniofacial resections for highly invasive malignant neoplasm, including skull base and maxillary bones, always represent a difficult chance for the reconstructive surgeon. In these cases it is not easy to restore anatomy and function simultaneously even adopting complex microsurgical techniques. In maxillofacial and oral surgery, simple bone homotransplantation for small bone segments reconstruction has been developing as popular technique and tissue banks offer not only bone segments but also many different tissues including complex body parts. In this paper we present, a case report of a homotransplantation of a complete temporomandibular joint (TMJ) together with a portion of the medial skull base and mandibular ramus folded with an ante‐brachial fascio‐periosteal free flap as secondary reconstruction after nearly 5 years from the removal of a sarcoma of the TMJ involving the skull base and a follow up of more than 30 months. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Integrated network experimentation for QoS measurements in opaque MANETs
Authors: Biswas Pratik K. , Poylisher Alex , Chadha Ritu , Ghosh Abhrajit 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntegrated network experimentation often combines real nodes with simulated ones, each modeling different portions of the topology, in the same experimental run. They enable new validation techniques and larger experiments than obtainable using real elements alone. Integrated experiments can be particularly useful in testing and validating QoS mechanisms for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), when the characteristics of the intermediate wireless network segments are not observable from the end segments, and as a consequence these intermediate segments have to be treated as opaque networks; and also when there is a need to conduct experiments in a real MANET environment at a scale larger than just a few nodes. End‐to‐end QoS assurance for such opaque networks, consisting of admission control and quality adjustment, can be based on techniques for dynamically measuring throughput representing the state of these networks. In this paper, we describe a distributed and hybrid testbed that has been deployed for running large‐scale integrated experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of a measurement‐based QoS solution. The infrastructure for the testbed provides an integrated platform consisting of real nodes running the actual software under test, augmented with a simulated network environment. We define a set of metrics and run experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the QoS solution as well the performance of the deployed testbed. We propose an alternative architecture that employs a Xen‐based virtualization of the real nodes from the deployed testbed. We compare the performances of the virtualized architecture with the deployed architecturevis‐à‐vislatency and resource utilization. Our goal is to establish benchmarks for running large‐scale experiments on performance and QoS measurements in virtualized environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical solutions to nonlinear equations arising in heat transfer by variational iteration, homotopy perturbation, and Adomian decomposition methods
Authors: Ganji D.D. , Gorji M. , Alipanah M. , Farnad E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs thermal conductivity plays an important role on fin efficiency, we tried to solve heat transfer equation with thermal conductivity as a function of temperature. In this research, some new analytical methods called homotopy perturbation method, variational iteration method, and Adomian decomposition method are introduced to be applied to solve the nonlinear heat transfer equations, and also the comparison of the applied methods (together) is shown graphically. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Numerical algorithms for solutions of Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Korkmaz Alper 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries (KdVE) equation is solved numerically using both Lagrange polynomials based differential quadrature and cosine expansion‐based differential quadrature methods. The first test example is travelling single solitary wave solution of KdVE and the second test example is interaction of two solitary waves, whereas the other three examples are wave production from solitary waves. Maximum error norm and root mean square error norm are computed, and numerical comparison with some earlier works is done for the first two examples, the lowest four conserved quantities are computed for all test examples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Synthesis of sub‐micrometer core–shell rubber particles with 1,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and deformation mechanisms of modified polystyrene under various conditions
Authors: Dai Rujun , Gao Guanghui , Sun Shulin , Tan Zhiyong , Zhang Huixuan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sub‐micrometer core‐shell polybutadiene‐graft‐polystyrene (PB‐g‐PS) copolymers with various ratios of polybutadiene (PB) core to polystyrene (PS) shell were synthesized by emulsion grafting polymerization with 1,2‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. These graft copolymers were blended with PS to prepare PS/PB‐g‐PS with a rubber content of 20 wt%. The mechanical properties, morphologies of the core‐shell rubber particles and deformation mechanisms under various conditions were investigated.RESULTS: Infrared spectroscopic analysis confirmed that PS could be grafted onto the PB rubber particles. The experimental results showed that a specimen with a ‘cluster’ dispersion state of rubber particles in the PS matrix displayed better mechanical properties. Transmission electron micrographs suggested that crazing only occurred from rubber particles and extended in a bridge‐like manner to neighboring rubber particles parallel to the equatorial plane at a high speed for failure specimens, while the interaction between crazing and shear yielding stabilized the growing crazes at a low speed in tensile tests.CONCLUSION: AIBN can be used as an initiator in the graft polymerization of styrene onto PB. The dispersion of rubber particles in a ‘cluster’ state leads to better impact resistance. The deformation mechanism in impact tests was multi‐crazing, and crazing and shear yielding absorbed the energy in tensile experiments. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving 2‐DE gel image denoising using contourlets
Authors: Tsakanikas Panagiotis , Manolakos Elias S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOne of the most commonly used methods for protein separation is 2‐DE. After 2‐DE gel scanning, images with a plethora of spot features emerge that are usually contaminated by inherent noise. The objective of the denoising process is to remove noise to the extent that the true spots are recovered correctly and accuratelyi.e. without introducing distortions leading to the detection of false‐spot features. In this paper we propose and justify the use of the contourlet transform as a tool for 2‐DE gel images denoising. We compare its effectiveness with state‐of‐the‐art methods such as wavelets‐based multiresolution image analysis and spatial filtering. We show that contourlets not only achieve better averageS/Nperformance than wavelets and spatial filters, but also preserve better spot boundaries and faint spots and alter less the intensities of informative spot features, leading to more accurate spot volume estimation and more reliable spot detection, operations that are essential to differential expression proteomics for biomarkers discovery.
Proposal for a standard system for drawing structural diagrams of N‐ and O‐linked carbohydrates and related compounds
Authors: Harvey David J. , Merry Anthony H. , Royle Louise , P. Campbell Matthew , Dwek Raymond A. , Rudd Pauline M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSymbolic diagrams are commonly used to depict N‐ and O‐linked glycans but there is no general consensus as to how individual constituent monosaccharides or linkages are shown. This article proposes a system that avoids ambiguities inherent in most other systems and is appropriate for both hand drawing and computer applications. Constituent monosaccharides are depicted by shapes modified to show OAc, deoxy, etc. Linkage is indicated by the bond angle and anomericity by solid (β) or dashed (α) lines.
Proteomic analysis of cells in the early stages of herpes simplex virus type‐1 infection reveals widespread changes in the host cell proteome
Authors: Antrobus Robin , Grant Kyle , Gangadharan Bevin , Chittenden David , Everett Roger D. , Zitzmann Nicole , Boutell Chris 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDuring infection by herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1) the host cell undergoes widespread changes in gene expression and morphology in response to viral replication and release. However, relatively little is known about the specific proteome changes that occur during the early stages of HSV‐1 replication prior to the global damaging effects of virion maturation and egress. To investigate pathways that may be activated or utilised during the early stages of HSV‐1 replication, 2‐DE and LC‐MS/MS were used to identify cellular proteome changes at 6 h post infection. Comparative analysis of multiple gels representing whole cell extracts from mock‐ and HSV‐1‐infected HEp‐2 cells revealed a total of 103 protein spot changes. Of these, 63 were up‐regulated and 40 down‐regulated in response to infection. Changes in selected candidate proteins were verified by Western blot analysis and their respective cellular localisations analysed by confocal microscopy. We have identified differential regulation and modification of proteins with key roles in diverse cellular pathways, including DNA replication, chromatin remodelling, mRNA stability and the ER stress response. This work represents the first global comparative analysis of HSV‐1 infected cells and provides an important insight into host cell proteome changes during the early stages of HSV‐1 infection.
Carminic acid: an antioxidant to protect erythrocytes and DNA against radical‐induced oxidation
Authors: Li Guo‐Xiang , Liu Zai‐Qun , Wu Di 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work explored the antioxidant effect of carminic acid (CarOH) on the oxidation of DNA and erythrocytes induced by 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). The half concentrations (IC50) of CarOH to scavenge radicals were measured by reacting with 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) radical cation (ABTS+•) and 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The values of IC50 were 8.0 and 26.0 µM when CarOH reacted with ABTS+• and DPPH, respectively. CarOH was able to protect DNA against AAPH‐induced oxidative damage by decreasing the formation rate of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). In addition, CarOH protected human erythrocytes against AAPH‐induced hemolysis concentration dependently, during which one molecule of CarOH can trap almost three radicals. Moreover, quantum calculation revealed that the hydroxyl group at 6‐position played major role in trapping radicals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alteration of oligomeric state and domain architecture is essential for functional transformation between transferase and hydrolase with the same scaffold
Authors: Koike Ryotaro , Kidera Akinori , Ota Motonori 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTransferases and hydrolases catalyze different chemical reactions and express different dynamic responses upon ligand binding. To insulate the ligand molecule from the surrounding water, transferases bury it inside the protein by closing the cleft, while hydrolases undergo a small conformational change and leave the ligand molecule exposed to the solvent. Despite these distinct ligand‐binding modes, some transferases and hydrolases are homologous. To clarify how such different catalytic modes are possible with the same scaffold, we examined the solvent accessibility of ligand molecules for 15 SCOP superfamilies, each containing both transferase and hydrolase catalytic domains. In contrast to hydrolases, we found that nine superfamilies of transferases use two major strategies, oligomerization and domain fusion, to insulate the ligand molecules. The subunits and domains that were recruited by the transferases often act as a cover for the ligand molecule. The other strategies adopted by transferases to insulate the ligand molecule are the relocation of catalytic sites, the rearrangement of secondary structure elements, and the insertion of peripheral regions. These findings provide insights into how proteins have evolved and acquired distinct functions with a limited number of scaffolds.
The lily‐of‐the‐valley fragrance receptor—potential in prostate cancer imaging
Authors: Sturzu Alexander , Echner Hartmut , Heckl Stefan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe early diagnosis of prostate cancer and its metastases still remains a great challenge. Recently, olfactory receptors have been found in healthy and malignant prostate tissue. If conjugated to a dye, olfactory receptor ligands would represent candidates for markers of not only olfactory cells but also prostate tissue. Such a conjugate would be of great value for the detection of prostate cancer metastases.METHODSWe coupled sulforhodamine, a fluorescence dye, to undecylic aldehyde, the antagonist of the lily‐of‐the‐valley fragrance receptor. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry we examined the uptake of this conjugate into various different human cell lines. One healthy prostate cell line, two different prostate carcinoma cell lines, and five other carcinoma cell lines were investigated. CD1 nude mice bearing human PC3 prostate carcinoma xenografts were injected with the conjugate. Rhodamine fluorescence of mouse organ frozen sections was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy.RESULTSWhen comparing the seven human cell lines, the conjugate was preferentially taken up by the cytoplasm of healthy and malignant prostate cells. The mice showed high conjugate uptake into the xenografts, but much lower uptake into the mouse organs. After 3 hr of circulation, efflux could be observed in the xenograft sections. Xenograft touch prints confirmed in vivo intracellular accumulation.CONCLUSIONThis conjugate may be of potential value in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and its metastases. Prostate 69: 1599–1602, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genistein and resveratrol, alone and in combination, suppress prostate cancer in SV‐40 tag rats
Authors: Harper Curt E. , Cook Leah M. , Patel Brijesh B. , Wang Jun , Eltoum Isam A. , Arabshahi Ali , Shirai Tomoyuki , Lamartiniere Coral A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemoprevention utilizing dietary agents is an effective means to slow the development of prostate cancer. We evaluated the potential additive and synergistic effects of genistein and resveratrol for suppressing prostate cancer in the Simian Virus‐40 T‐antigen (SV‐40 Tag) targeted probasin promoter rat model, a transgenic model of spontaneously developing prostate cancer.METHODSRats were fed genistein or resveratrol (250 mg/kg AIN‐76A diet) alone and in combination, and a low‐dose combination (83 mg genistein + 83 mg resveratrol/kg diet). Histopathology and mechanisms of action studies were conducted at 30 and 12 weeks of age, respectively.RESULTSGenistein, resveratrol, and the high‐dose combination treatments suppressed prostate cancer. The low‐dose combination did not elicit protection against prostate cancer and was most likely below the effective dose for causing significant histopathological changes. Total genistein and resveratrol concentrations in the blood reached 2,160 and 211 nM, respectively in rats exposed to the single treatments. Polyphenol treatments decreased cell proliferation and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) protein expression in the prostate. In addition, genistein as a single agent induced apoptosis and decreased steroid receptor coactivator‐3 (SRC‐3) in the ventral prostate (VP).CONCLUSIONSGenistein and resveratrol, alone and in combination, suppress prostate cancer development in the SV‐40 Tag model. Regulation of SRC‐3 and growth factor signaling proteins are consistent with these nutritional polyphenols reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis in the prostate. Prostate 69: 1668–1682, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human prostate‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes are oligoclonal and PD‐1+
Authors: Sfanos Karen S. , Bruno Tullia C. , Meeker Alan K. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Isaacs William B. , Drake Charles G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8+ PIL) are prevalent in men with prostate cancer (PCa), however, it is unclear whether the presence of such cells reflects a non‐specific immune infiltrate or an oligoclonal, antigen‐driven adaptive immune response.METHODSWe investigated the complexity of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the prostate gland by examining the diversity of CD8+ TCR β chain variable region (Vβ) gene sequences in both the peripheral blood and prostates of cancer patients. Vβ repertoire analysis was performed by family‐specific Vβ spectratyping and flow cytometry, as well as direct sequence analysis (5′ RACE and cloning). Programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1 or PDCD1) expression on peripheral blood CD8+ T cells and CD8+ PIL was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTSCD8+ PIL isolated from cancer patients exhibited restricted TCR Vβ gene usage, and identical clones were identified in multiple sites within the prostate. Furthermore, CD8+ PIL express high levels of the inhibitory receptor PD‐1, a cell surface protein associated with an “exhausted” CD8+ T‐cell phenotype.CONCLUSIONSCD8+ PIL appear to have undergone clonal expansion in response to an as yet unidentified antigen; however, due to the high expression of PD‐1, these cells are likely incapable of mounting an effective immune response. The results provide an important basis for further efforts aimed at the identification of specific antigens involved in prostatic inflammation, and suggest that PD‐1 blockade may be useful in immunotherapy for PCa. Prostate 69: 1694–1703, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptor as a potential sign of prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Lévesque Marie‐Hélène , El‐Alfy Mohamed , Cusan Leonello , Labrie Fernand 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen receptor (AR) expression and its modulation through the carcinogenesis process have been investigated in several studies with conflicting results.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used to examine AR expression in prostatic needle core biopsies of benign, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma.RESULTSA significant increase in AR mRNA levels was found in the cancerous prostatic cells when compared with the benign tissue biopsies. AR abundance in HGPIN was found to be almost half‐way between that observed in benign and in cancerous tissue. In the benign prostatic epithelium, the immunocytochemistry data show that AR is exclusively expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells. However, in 72% of examined cancer biopsies, AR was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei. After examination of medical records of 100 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, it was found that the AR was expressed in both cellular compartments of cancer cells in 81% of cases when cancer was found to have metastasized outside the prostate. In contrast, when the cancer was organ‐confined, AR was localized in both the nuclei and cytoplasm in only 66% of cases. Moreover, when the AR was expressed in the cytoplasm of cancerous cells, consecutive serial sections immunostained with the mitochondrial marker suggest that AR is localized in the mitochondria.CONCLUSIONSAR mRNA expression is significantly higher in prostate cancer when compared to benign prostatic tissue. Prostate 69: 1704–1711, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia: A 282 patients' immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Robert Grégoire , Descazeaud Aurélien , Nicolaïew Nathalie , Terry Stéphane , Sirab Nanor , Vacherot Francis , Maillé Pascale , Allory Yves , de la Taille Alexandre 
Published: August 2009

AbstractINTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVESProstatic inflammation could be a key component in prostate enlargement and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. Our aim was to characterize inflammatory cells infiltrate within BPH tissue and to correlate inflammation and clinical data.MATERIAL AND METHODSInflammation was profiled on three clinical outcome tissue microarrays (TMAs), including 282 patients treated by surgery for a complicated and/or symptomatic BPH. Inflammation score was defined by combining six cytological parameters and five markers on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cytological parameters were lymphocytes, macrophages, and polynuclears leukocytes infiltrates, and three glandular aspect modifications: glandular atrophy, glandular destruction, and tissue fibrosis. IHC markers were CD3, CD4, and CD8 decorating T‐lymphocytes, CD20 decorating B‐lymphocytes, and CD163 decorating macrophages.RESULTSThe majority of patients had inflammatory cells infiltrating BPH tissues: 81% had T‐lymphocytes markers (CD3), 52% had B‐lymphocytes markers (CD20), and 82% had macrophages markers (CD163). IPSS score (21 vs. 12; P = 0.02) and prostate volume (77 cm3 vs. 62 cm3; P = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients with high‐grade prostatic inflammation.CONCLUSIONWe characterized inflammatory cells infiltrate in a large cohort of surgically treated BPH specimens. The role of inflammation in BPH development was highlighted by the strong correlation between histological inflammation, IPSS, and prostate volume. Prostate enlargement due to chronic inflammatory process may progressively conduce to BPH progression. Therefore, inflammation is a therapeutic target for BPH. Prostate 69: 1774–1780, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.