bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter study and development of a warp knitting yarn compensation unit as basis for the realisation of contour-accurate non-crimp fabrics: a step towards for highly material efficient non-crimp fabrics
Authors: Zierold Konrad , Penzel Paul , Hahn Lars , Cherif Chokri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In response to the increasing demands for high-performance fiber-reinforced composites in structural lightweight construction, this study investigates the limitations of multiaxial non-crimp fabrics (NCF) and their semi-finished products. The current manufacturing constraints of NCF, limited to a constant working width, lead to oversizing in semi-finished textile products and significant material waste throughout the value chain. This study explores the development of NCF with variable area weights and thread densities as a potential solution.
The research described in this paper examines the effects of variable area weights and thread densities on textile behavior and warp knitting thread tension in the production of multiaxial NCF. The study focuses on varying key warp knitting parameters (stitch, knitting thread feed value, shape hole geometry), along with the measurement of the tensile force exerted on the warp knitting threads. Findings indicate a consistent increase in warp knitting thread tension in areas of reduced thread densities, unaffected by the fabric’s initial orientation. Higher initial yarn tension and increased yarn demand per stitch correlate with a greater tension increase in areas with lower thread density. This study proposes that refining stitching techniques and integrating adaptive yarn tension control modules could mitigate tension fluctuations and diminish fabric defects. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the material behavior of contour accurate NCF and their production. Coupled with the innovation of a warp knitting compensation unit, these findings mark a pivotal advancement toward producing contour accurate NCF in an inline and higly productive process technology, offering significant implications for the technical textile industry.
Soundscape mapping: understanding regional spatial and temporal patterns of soundscapes incorporating remotely-sensed predictors and wildfire disturbance
Authors: Quinn Colin A , Burns Patrick , Jantz Patrick , Salas Leonardo , Goetz Scott J , Clark Matthew L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Increased environmental threats require proper monitoring of animal communities to understand where and when changes occur. Ecoacoustic tools that quantify natural acoustic environments use a combination of biophony (animal sound) and geophony (wind, rain, and other natural phenomena) to represent the natural soundscape and, in comparison to anthropophony (technological human sound) can highlight valuable landscapes to both human and animal communities. However, recording these sounds requires intensive deployment of recording devices and storage and interpretation of large amounts of data, resulting in large data gaps across the landscape and periods in which recordings are absent. Interpolating ecoacoustic metrics like biophony, geophony, anthropophony, and acoustic indices can bridge these gaps in observations and provide insight across larger spatial extents and during periods of interest. Here, we use seven ecoacoustic metrics and acoustically-derived bird species richness across a heterogeneous landscape composed of densely urbanized, suburban, rural, protected, and recently burned lands in Sonoma County, California, U.S.A., to explore spatiotemporal patterns in ecoacoustic measurements. Predictive models of ecoacoustic metrics driven by land-use/land-cover, remotely-sensed vegetation structure, anthropogenic impact, climate, geomorphology, and phenology variables capture landscape and daily differences in ecoacoustic patterns with varying performance (avg. R
2 = 0.38 ± 0.11) depending on metric and period-of-day and provide interpretable patterns in sound related to human activity, weather phenomena, and animal activity. We also offer a case study on the use of the data-driven prediction of biophony to capture changes in soniferous species activity before (1–2 years prior) and after (1–2 years post) wildfires in our study area and find that biophony may depict the reorganization of acoustic communities following wildfires. This is demonstrated by an upward trend in activity 1–2 years post-wildfire, particularly in more severely burned areas. Overall, we provide evidence of the importance of climate, spaceborne-lidar-derived forest structure, and phenological time series characteristics when modeling ecoacoustic metrics to upscale site observations and map ecoacoustic biodiversity in areas without prior acoustic data collection. Resulting maps can identify areas of attention where changes in animal communities occur at the edge of human and natural disturbances.
Epistemology, Ethics, Politics
Authors: Foley Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A standard recommendation of misinformation experts for dealing with individuals with preposterous, toxic views on important topics is to search for commonalities as opposed to dwelling on differences. The hope is that the commonalities can be used to reveal cracks in the protective shell they have erected around their views, which can then be expanded to get them to set aside defensive rationalizations. The unsettling reality, however, is that at least some cases, the outlandish, dangerous views of these individuals may so tightly cohere with their other belief-like attitudes and values that no combination of truth-related and non-truth-related considerations is capable of changing their minds. If so, the only remaining option is to find ways of limiting the damage even if these may involve concessions with values we hold dear. Resorting to non-argumentative tactics is disquieting, but extremist, dogmatic challenges arise in epistemology just as they do in ethics and politics, and the resources for dealing with them are likewise similar. The challenges cannot be tackled in the uncluttered domain imagined by the standard view, where the only relevant values are those of now having accurate beliefs and now not having inaccurate ones. Whatever responses there may be have to be found in the messy region shared by epistemology, ethics, and politics.
Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing: a data-driven approach
Authors: Biemans Ynte , Bach Daimy , Behrouzi Pariya , Horvath Steve , Kramer Charlotte S , Liu Simin , Manson JoAnn E , Shadyab Aladdin H , Stewart James , Whitsel Eric A , Yang Bo , de Groot Lisette , Grootswagers Pol 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Heterogeneity in ageing rates drives the need for research into lifestyle secrets of successful agers. Biological age, predicted by epigenetic clocks, has been shown to be a more reliable measure of ageing than chronological age. Dietary habits are known to affect the ageing process. However, much remains to be learnt about specific dietary habits that may directly affect the biological process of ageing.

Objective
To identify food groups that are directly related to biological ageing, using Copula Graphical Models.

Methods
We performed a preregistered analysis of 3,990 postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative, based in North America. Biological age acceleration was calculated by the epigenetic clock PhenoAge using whole-blood DNA methylation. Copula Graphical Modelling, a powerful data-driven exploratory tool, was used to examine relations between food groups and biological ageing whilst adjusting for an extensive amount of confounders. Two food group–age acceleration networks were established: one based on the MyPyramid food grouping system and another based on item-level food group data.

Results
Intake of eggs, organ meat, sausages, cheese, legumes, starchy vegetables, added sugar and lunch meat was associated with biological age acceleration, whereas intake of peaches/nectarines/plums, poultry, nuts, discretionary oil and solid fat was associated with decelerated ageing.

Conclusion
We identified several associations between specific food groups and biological ageing. These findings pave the way for subsequent studies to ascertain causality and magnitude of these relationships, thereby improving the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying the interplay between food groups and biological ageing.
Biomarker signatures associated with ageing free of major chronic diseases: results from a population-based sample of the EPIC-Potsdam cohort
Authors: Reichmann Robin , Schulze Matthias B , Pischon Tobias , Weikert Cornelia , Aleksandrova Krasimira 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
A number of biomarkers denoting various pathophysiological pathways have been implicated in the aetiology and risk of age-related diseases. Hence, the combined impact of multiple biomarkers in relation to ageing free of major chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, has not been sufficiently explored.

Methods
We measured concentrations of 13 biomarkers in a random subcohort of 2,500 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Potsdam study. Chronic disease-free ageing was defined as reaching the age of 70 years within study follow-up without major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes or cancer. Using a novel machine-learning technique, we aimed to identify biomarker clusters and explore their association with chronic disease-free ageing in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis taking socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors into account.

Results
Of the participants who reached the age of 70 years, 321 met our criteria for chronic-disease free ageing. Machine learning analysis identified three distinct biomarker clusters, among which a signature characterised by high concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and low concentrations of triglycerides was associated with highest odds for ageing free of major chronic diseases. After multivariable adjustment, the association was attenuated by socio-demographic, lifestyle and adiposity indicators, pointing to the relative importance of these factors as determinants of healthy ageing.

Conclusion
These data underline the importance of exploring combinations of biomarkers rather than single molecules in understanding complex biological pathways underpinning healthy ageing.
The effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on blood pressure and lipids: a pooled analysis of six randomised controlled fruit and vegetable intervention trials
Authors: Elsahoryi Nour A , Neville Charlotte E , Patterson Chris C , McKinley Michelle C , Baldrick Francina R , Mulligan Ciara , McCall Damian O , Noad Rebecca L , Rooney Ciara , Wallace Ian , McEvoy Claire T , Hunter Steven , McCance David R , Edgar David J , Elborn Stuart J , McKeown Pascal P , Young Ian S , Moore Rachel E , Nugent Anne P , Woodside Jayne V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown.

Objective
To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, also exploring whether effects differed by medication use.

Design
Across trials, dietary intake was assessed by diet diaries or histories, lipids by routine biochemical methods and BP by automated monitors. Linear regression provided an estimate of the change in lipid profile or BP associated with a one portion increase in self-reported daily FV intake, with interaction terms fitted for medication use.

Results
The pooled sample included a total of 554 participants (308 males and 246 females). Meta-analysis of regression coefficients revealed no significant change in either systolic or diastolic BP per portion FV increase, although there was significant heterogeneity across trials for systolic BP (I2 = 73%). Neither adjusting for change in body mass index, nor analysis according to use of anti-hypertensive medication altered the relationship. There was no significant change in lipid profile per portion FV increase, although there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol among those not on lipid-lowering therapy (P &lt; 0.05 after Bonferroni correction).

Conclusion
Pooled analysis of six individual FV trials showed no impact of increasing intake on BP or lipids, but there was a total cholesterol-lowering effect in those not on lipid-lowering therapy.
A rank-based sequential test of independence
Authors: Henzi Alexander , Law Michael 
Published: May 2024

Summary
We consider the problem of independence testing for two univariate random variables in a sequential setting. By leveraging recent developments on safe, anytime-valid inference, we propose a test with time-uniform Type-I error control and derive explicit bounds on the finite-sample performance of the test. We demonstrate the empirical performance of the procedure in comparison to existing sequential and nonsequential independence tests. Furthermore, since the proposed test is distribution-free under the null hypothesis, we empirically simulate the gap due to Ville’s inequality, the supermartingale analogue of Markov’s inequality, that is commonly applied to control Type-I error in anytime-valid inference, and apply this to construct a truncated sequential test.
Architectural distortion on digital breast tomosynthesis mammograms in symptomatic breast clinics: what are the result outcomes?
Authors: Bansal Gaurav J , Kale Riya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In April 2020, standard two-dimensional (2D) full-field digital mammograms were replaced with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and synthesised 2D views for symptomatic breast clinics. This study aimed to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy in DBT-detected Architectural distortion (AD).

Methods
All mammogram reports with the word “distortion” were assessed between April 2020 and October 2022. There were 458 mammograms with the word “distortion.” After excluding mammograms with no distortion (n = 128), post-surgical distortion (n = 173), distortion with mass (n = 33), and unchanged distortion (n = 14), there were 111 patients with pure distortion. Correlation with histopathology was obtained where possible. All patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years.

Results
Forty-two out of 111 patients (37.84%) with AD had a normal ultrasound (US) and were discharged. Fifty-five (49.5%) patients had sonographic correlation corresponding to the distortion, leading to US-guided biopsy. Thirteen (23.6%) had tomosynthesis-guided biopsy, and one had a skin biopsy. The PPV for malignancy was 42.34%. Malignancy diagnoses were higher with US-guided biopsies than tomosynthesis-guided biopsies, 78.1% and 30%, respectively.

Conclusion
With a total malignancy rate of 42.34%, DBT-detected AD has a high enough PPV for malignancy to justify selective tissue sampling if a sonographic correlate is present or with suspicious mammograms. The chances of malignancy are higher when a sonographic correlate corresponding to AD is present.

Advances in knowledge
AD on DBT/synthesized mammograms views in symptomatic breast clinic patients justifies selective sampling.
The vascular contribution of apolipoprotein E to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Feng , Zhao Jing , Meng Fanxia , He Fangping , Ni Jie , Fu Yuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, imposes a substantial societal burden. The persistent inadequacy of disease-modifying drugs targeting amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles suggests the contribution of alternative pathogenic mechanisms. A frequently overlooked aspect is cerebrovascular dysfunction, which may manifest early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of the apolipoprotein E gene, particularly the apolipoprotein ε4 allele as the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, in the cerebrovascular pathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease.
In this review, we examine the evidence elucidating the cerebrovascular impact of both central and peripheral apolipoprotein E on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. We present a novel three-hit hypothesis, outlining potential mechanisms that shed light on the intricate relationship among different pathogenic events. Finally, we discuss prospective therapeutics targeting the cerebrovascular pathology associated with apolipoprotein E and explore their implications for future research endeavours.
Navigating gender hate in manospheres: women’s affective dissonance and refusal on LIHKG in the 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill movement
Authors: Wong Cecilia K H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article examines women’s dissonance and refusal of gender hate on LIHKG, a platform converged with local and Global North manospheres that gained prominence for political communication during Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill movement. Despite criticism for its misogyny, LIHKG witnessed women’s participation during the movement. However, women’s agencies are underexplored by its critics and studies on the manosphere. This study argues that acknowledging dissonance within manospheres redirects focus on the targets of gender hate, specifically women, accentuating the possibilities of feminist intervention within gender hate networks. Employing a digital ethnographic approach, this study contributes by: (1) providing a relational and contextualized understanding of the convergence between manospheres beyond the notion of homogenization; (2) redressing the injustice in hate which obliterates the hated bodies; and (3) breaking the unintended repetition of such injustice in the literature on the manosphere, which has paid little attention on the repugnant women’s agencies.
Delineating memory reactivation in sleep with verbal and non-verbal retrieval cues
Authors: Guttesen Anna á V , Denis Dan , Gaskell M Gareth , Cairney Scott A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sleep supports memory consolidation via the reactivation of newly formed memory traces. One way to investigate memory reactivation in sleep is by exposing the sleeping brain to auditory retrieval cues; a paradigm known as targeted memory reactivation. To what extent the acoustic properties of memory cues influence the effectiveness of targeted memory reactivation, however, has received limited attention. We addressed this question by exploring how verbal and non-verbal memory cues affect oscillatory activity linked to memory reactivation in sleep. Fifty-one healthy male adults learned to associate visual stimuli with spoken words (verbal cues) and environmental sounds (non-verbal cues). Subsets of the verbal and non-verbal memory cues were then replayed during sleep. The voice of the verbal cues was either matched or mismatched to learning. Memory cues (relative to unheard control cues) prompted an increase in theta/alpha and spindle power, which have been heavily implicated in sleep-associated memory processing. Moreover, verbal memory cues were associated with a stronger increase in spindle power than non-verbal memory cues. There were no significant differences between the matched and mismatched verbal cues. Our findings suggest that verbal memory cues may be most effective for triggering memory reactivation in sleep, as indicated by an amplified spindle response.
Enhanced Tuberculosis Diagnosis With Computer-aided Chest X-ray and Urine Lipoarabinomannan in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Admitted to Hospital (CASTLE Study): A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Burke Rachael M , Nyirenda Saulos K , Mtenga Timeo , Twabi Hussein H , Joekes Elizabeth , Walker Naomi F , Nyirenda Rose , Gupta-Wright Ankur , Nliwasa Marriott , Fielding Katherine , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
People with human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) admitted to the hospital have high mortality, with tuberculosis (TB) being the major cause of death. Systematic use of new TB diagnostics could improve TB diagnosis and might improve outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a cluster randomized trial among adult PHIV admitted to Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. Admission days were randomly assigned to: enhanced TB diagnostics using urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen tests (SILVAMP-LAM, Fujifilm, Japan and Determine-LAM, Alere/Abbot, USA), digital chest X-ray with computer-aided diagnosis (dCXR-CAD, CAD4TBv6, Delft, Netherlands), plus usual care (“enhanced TB diagnostics”); or usual care alone (“usual care”). The primary outcome was TB treatment initiation during admission. Secondary outcomes were 56-day mortality, TB diagnosis within 24 hours, and undiagnosed TB at discharge, ascertained by culture of one admission sputum sample.

Findings
Between 2 September 2020 and 15 February 2022, we recruited 419 people. Four were excluded postrecruitment, leaving 415 adults recruited during 207 randomly assigned admission days in modified intention-to-treat analysis. At admission, 90.8% (377/415) were taking antiretroviral therapy with a median CD4 cell count of 240 cells/mm3. In the enhanced diagnostic arm, median CAD4TBv6 score was 60 (interquartile range: 51–71), 4.4% (9/207) had SILVAMP-LAM–positive and 14.4% (29/201) had Determine-LAM–positive urine with 3 samples positive by both urine tests. TB treatment was initiated in 46/207 (22.2%) in the enhanced TB diagnostics arm and 24/208 (11.5%) in the usual care arm (risk ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.08). There was no difference in mortality by 56 days (enhanced TB diagnosis: 54/207, 26.1%; usual care: 52/208, 25.0%; hazard ratio. 1.05; 95% CI: .72–1.53); TB treatment initiation within 24 hours (enhanced TB diagnosis: 8/207, 3.9%; usual care: 5/208, 2.4%; risk ratio, 1.61; 95% CI: .53–4.71); or undiagnosed microbiological-confirmed TB at discharge (enhanced TB diagnosis, 0/207 [0.0%], usual care arm 2/208 [1.0%]; P = .50.

Interpretation
Urine SILVAMP-LAM/Determine-LAM plus dCXR-CAD diagnostics identified more hospitalized PHIV with TB than usual care. The increase in TB treatment appeared mainly because of greater use of Determine-LAM, rather than SILVAMP-LAM or dCXR-CAD. Poor concordance between Determine-LAM and SILVAMP-LAM urine tests requires further investigation. Inpatient mortality for adults with human immunodeficiency virus remains unacceptability high.