bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, Depression, and Pain in Burning Mouth Syndrome: First Chicken or Egg?
Authors: Schiavone Vittorio , Adamo Daniela , Ventrella Gianluca , Morlino Massimo , De Notaris Enrico Beniamino , Ravel Marco Giuseppe , Kusmann Federica , Piantadosi Marcello , Pollio Annamaria , Fortuna Giulio , Mignogna Michele Davide 
Published: May 2012

Background.— Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an idiopathic and chronic pain condition for which patients may experience high levels of pain, anxiety, and depression. So far, it has not yet been well investigated whether specific psychiatric features (anxious traits, personality disorder, or somatization) may play a role in the BMS pathogenesis or whether some BMS symptoms, or BMS itself, may cause secondary psychiatric symptoms.Objective.— The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pain, depression, and anxiety in BMS and healthy patients in order to hypothesize a possible underlying pathogenetic model.Methods.— Fifty‐three patients with BMS and 51 healthy volunteers matched for sex and age were enrolled. All patients underwent a physical examination, laboratory screening tests, and psychiatric assessment with the following instruments: Visual Analog Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y 1‐2 (STAI Y1‐Y2), and the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R).Results.— BMS patients and healthy volunteers showed a statistically significant difference in psychiatric features: Regression analysis showed that pain is affected by depression (R = 0.373; R2 corrected = 0.123; F = 8.563; P < .005), and depression is affected by anxiety (R = 0.512; R2 corrected = 0.248; F = 18.519; P < .001). BMS patients have statistically significant higher scores of anxiety (STAI Y1, P = .026 and STAI Y2, P = .046) and depression (P < .001), and higher SCL‐90‐R scores on somatization (P = .036) and hostility dimensions (P = .028) than the control group.Conclusions.— We may hypothesize that anxiety could determine a secondary demoralization in BMS patients (depression) and depressive symptoms could contribute to pain, accordingly. Therefore, pain could be a somatic feature of depression. Our findings provide an example of a possible pathogenetic model for BMS.
The importance of immunohistochemical analyses in evaluating the phenotype of Kv channel knockout mice
Authors: Menegola Milena , Clark Eliana , Trimmer James S. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryTo gain insights into the phenotype of voltage‐gated potassium (Kv)1.1 and Kv4.2 knockout mice, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of component principal or α subunits and auxiliary subunits of neuronal Kv channels in knockout mouse brains. Genetic ablation of the Kv1.1 α subunit did not result in compensatory changes in the expression levels or subcellular distribution of related ion channel subunits in hippocampal medial perforant path and mossy fiber nerve terminals, where high levels of Kv1.1 are normally expressed. Genetic ablation of the Kv4.2 α subunit did not result in altered neuronal cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus. Although Kv4.2 knockout mice did not exhibit compensatory changes in the expression levels or subcellular distribution of the related Kv4.3 α subunit, we found dramatic decreases in the cellular and subcellular expression of specific Kv channel interacting proteins (KChIPs) that reflected their degree of association and colocalization with Kv4.2 in wild‐type mouse and rat brains. These studies highlight the insights that can be gained by performing detailed immunohistochemical analyses of Kv channel knockout mouse brains.
Bone Resorption Markers and Dual‐EnergyX‐Ray Absorptiometry in Dogs with Avascular Necrosis, Degenerative Joint Disease, and Trauma of the Coxofemoral Joint
Authors: Youkhanna David , Griffon Dominique J. , Fredericks Page , Schaeffer David , Fan Timothy M. , Jasiuk Iwona M. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the ability ofN‐terminal telopeptide (NTx) assays and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to detect bone resorption in dogs with nonneoplastic bone lysis and evaluate the correlation between these diagnostic tools.Study DesignProspective, cross‐sectional clinical study.AnimalsDogs (n = 35; 39 femoral heads) that had femoral head and neck ostectomy and 6 cadaver specimens from healthy immature small dogs.MethodsSmall dogs with avascular necrosis (n = 12), a reference group of small dogs (7), large dogs with degenerative joint disease (DJD; 10), and large dogs with trauma (10) were studied in addition to 6 femoral heads harvested from 6 small immature and healthy dogs euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study. Densitometric measurements of femoral heads, urineNTx excretion, and serumNTx concentration were compared between groups.ResultsAvascular necrosis resulted in a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) (0.18 ± 0.01 g/cm2;P< .01) of the femoral head and elevation of serumNTx (159.3 ± 59.4 nM;P = .03) compared to small dog controls (0.28 ± 0.02 g/cm2; 18.7 ± 1.83 nM, respectively), but did not seem to affect urineNTx.DJDin large dogs did not seem to affect any of the densitometric parameters evaluated.BMD(P = .03) and serumNTx (P = .04) were lower in small compared to large dogs. SerumNTx and densitometric measurements correlate inversely with each other (P = .001) but neither test correlated with urineNTx (P = .8–.9).ConclusionSerumNTx levels vary with dog size but seem to correlate better withBMDbetter than urineNTx excretion in dogs with nonneoplastic bone resorption.
Microstructure of Face Centered Cubic (fcc) TiB Powder Synthesized by Boronizing of Ti Powder
Authors: Hu Jiandong , Dong Xianfeng , Tosto Sebastiano 
Published: May 2012

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to examine the crystal structure of TiB ceramic powder synthesized by a Ti‐Boronizing method. The HRTEM analysis revealed that the synthesized titanium boride has fcc crystal structure, with titanium and boron atoms alternatively arranged like Na and Cl ions in NaCl‐type lattice. The crystal structure of this boride phase, denoted as fcc‐TiB in the paper, was confirmed also by XRD analysis and agrees with the data reported in the card PDF # 06‐641. This card is present in the powder diffraction file (PDF) database, but seldom quoted in literature because the typical crystal structure of TiB that forms in situ as a phase is orthorhombic. The present work reports new experimental data on the crystal properties of pure fcc‐TiB not yet reported in the literature. The lattice parameter of fcc‐TiB, calculated from XRD analysis, is a0=4.245 Å.
Fabrication of Micro/Nano‐Structured Bi2Te3 Bulk Materials with Low Thermal Conductivity by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Chen Xiaozong , Li Fei , Dong Yuan , Liang Beibei , Wang Lianjun , Chen Lidong , Jiang Wan 
Published: May 2012

Micro/nano‐structured Bi2Te3 bulk materials were prepared by cryogenic grinding followed by spark plasma sintering. The densification behavior, microstructure development, and thermal conductivity properties of as‐prepared Bi2Te3 samples were investigated. It was found that rapid densification with maximum compressive strain rate of 2.2×10−3 s−1 at ~310°C were observed under a uniaxial pressure of 60 MPa. The as‐prepared samples exhibit ultra thermal conductivity, which are attributed to strong phonon scattering by nano‐grain boundaries.
Double‐Barrel Stent‐Assisted Coiling of a Basilar Artery Fenestration Aneurysm
Authors: Kan Peter , Abla Adib A. , Dumont Travis M. , Snyder Kenneth V. , Hopkins L. Nelson , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEBasilar artery fenestration aneurysms are rare aneurysms, posing unique challenges for endovascular treatment. We report a case of successful treatment of a wide‐necked basilar artery fenestration aneurysm with a novel double‐barrel stent‐assisted coiling technique.CLINICAL PRESENTATIONA 50‐year‐old woman presented with headaches. Evaluation revealed an unruptured 7‐mm broad‐based basilar artery fenestration aneurysm that incorporated both limbs of the basilar fenestration and both distal vertebral arteries.INTERVENTIONA 4.5 mm × 22 mm Enterprise stent (Codman Neurovascular, Raynham, MA, USA) was deployed from the right limb of the basilar fenestration into the right distal vertebral artery. Similarly, a 2.5 mm × 20 mm Neuroform EZ stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) was placed from the left limb of the basilar fenestration into the left distal vertebral artery. Following stent deployment, the aneurysm was treated with coil‐embolization through a jailed microcatheter.CONCLUSIONIn the case presented, a double‐barrel stent configuration enabled dense coil embolization of the aneurysm as well as preservation of both basilar fenestration limbs and both distal vertebral arteries.
An evaluation of CPD activity of dentists in Wales
Authors: Bailey S. E. R. , Bullock A. D. , Cowpe J. G. , Thomas H. S. , Yuen‐Lee F. , Wood M. , Newcombe R. G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionOngoing professional education is essential for dental professionals to maintain and update their clinical skills and knowledge. There is a current trend towards mandatory Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for dentists within Europe and beyond. Mandatory CPD will ensure high professional standards and enable mobilisation of the dental workforce within Europe. In 2002, the UK General Dental Council (GDC) implemented a system of mandatory CPD for dentists practicing in the UK. The Wales Deanery is situated in the School of Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education, Cardiff University. It provides verifiable CPD courses for dentists and dental care professionals (DCPs) currently practicing in Wales and has recorded professionals' attendance on these courses since 2001. The project aimed to investigate the CPD activity of dentists in Wales, using these data.MethodsThe Wales Deanery database holds data on the CPD courses undertaken by 1178 dentists working in Wales since 2001. A number of hypotheses were investigated using a variety of statistical methods.ResultsDentists were undertaking significantly fewer hours of CPD in Mid and West Wales compared to the North and South of the principality. Sole practitioners were found to engage in less CPD than those in group practices, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. Dentists who employed a hygienist or therapist completed more hours of CPD than those who didn't employ either. There were no gender differences in engagement in CPD. CPD participation was consistently and significantly higher in mid and late career than in early career.ConclusionsThis study provides a greater understanding of the CPD habits of the dental workforce in Wales. Practice staffing levels, location of practice and time since graduation were found to have the greatest impact on engagement in CPD activity. These findings will be used by the Deanery to inform future education provision for dental professionals in Wales.
Ephedrine accelerates psychomotor recovery from anesthesia in macaque monkeys
Authors: Hess L. , Votava M. , Slíva J. , Málek J. , Kurzová A. , Štein K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Ephedrine is used in treatment of hypotension during anesthesia. We investigated its effects on the psychomotor recovery and its potential adverse reactions on cardiorespiratory functions in rhesus monkeys.Methods  The monkeys received 50 μg/kg medetomidine, 2.0 mg/kg S‐ketamine with 150 IU hyaluronidase i.m. Pulse rate, blood pressure and saturation of haemoglobin were monitored for 20 minutes. Thereafter, 1 mg/kg of ephedrine or a placebo was administered i.m. and behavioural changes, pulse rate, blood pressure and saturation of haemoglobin were monitored every 5 minutes.Results  Ephedrine shortened recovery from anaesthesia from 80.4 ± 25.8 to 14.83 ± 13.70 minutes. Ephedrine also increased oxygen saturation of haemoglobin and systolic blood pressure and caused significant decrease in pulse rate 5 minutes after its administration.Conclusions  Ephedrine can be successfully used to accelerate psychomotor recovery after the use of common anesthetic protocols combining dissociative anesthetic agent and alpha 2‐adrenoceptor agonist in primates.
Influence of grain size and veneer firing process on the flexural strength of zirconia ceramics
Authors: Nakamura Keisuke , Adolfsson Erik , Milleding Percy , Kanno Taro , Örtengren Ulf 
Published: May 2012

Nakamura K, Adolfsson E, Milleding P, Kanno T, Örtengren U. Influence of grain size and veneer firing process on the flexural strength of zirconia ceramics.   Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120: 249–254. © 2012 Eur J Oral SciThe aim of the present investigation was to study the influence of grain size on the strength of yttria‐stabilized zirconia upon exposure to an additional heat treatment, mimicking the veneering process. The green bodies of zirconia discs prepared by cold isostatic pressing were sintered at 1,425, 1,500, or 1,575°C to customize the grain size. The disc‐shaped specimens were highly polished and then processed with or without additional heat treatments (five times at 850–930°C). Ten specimens from each treatment group were subjected to a biaxial flexural strength test according to the ISO 6872 standard. The grain size of the specimens was analyzed by the mean linear intercept technique using scanning electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that the mechanical strength of zirconia ceramics was not reduced by the veneer firing processes when polished specimens were used, but the strength was found to decrease with increasing grain size. The raw materials and the sintering process used should be selected appropriately to avoid grain coarsening because it was found that the strength was influenced by large grains.
Jaw‐movement smoothness during empty chewing and gum chewing
Authors: Minami Ichiro , Akhter Rahena , Luraschi Julien , Oogai Kazuhiro , Nemoto Tetsu , Peck Christopher C. , Murray Gregory M. 
Published: May 2012

A major goal of motor coordination is the production of a smooth movement. Jerk‐cost, which is an inverse measure of movement smoothness, has been evaluated during gum chewing in previous studies. However, the effect of the gum bolus is still unclear. The aims of this study were to compare the jerk‐cost values of normal gum chewing with those of empty chewing. Thirteen subjects undertook, empty chewing, then chewing of gum, and then a second empty chewing. Jerk‐cost was calculated from an accelerometer attached to the skin of the mentum. There was a significantly higher smoothness (i.e. lower jerk‐cost, P < 0.05) during the opening and second‐half closing phases in empty chewing compared with gum chewing. There were no significant differences in jerk‐costs (i.e. opening or closing) between the first and the second empty‐chewing sequences. These results suggest that the influence of the mechanical effects of tooth contact on jerk‐cost is not restricted just to the occlusal phase of chewing, but rather the effect influences the entire opening and closing phases of chewing.
Longitudinal study of volatile fatty acids in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis before and after nonsurgical therapy
Authors: Qiqiang L. , Huanxin M. , Xuejun G. 
Published: May 2012

Qiqiang L, Huanxin M, Xuejun G. Longitudinal study of volatile fatty acids in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis before and after nonsurgical therapy. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 740–749. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolic products of subgingival organisms and their concentrations are associated with the status of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze the change in concentration of SCFAs in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis before and after periodontal treatment.Material and Methods:  Gingival crevicular fluid samples were taken from 21 patients with chronic periodontitis before periodontal treatment and 2 wk, and 2, 4 and 6 mo after treatment. The concentrations of six different SCFAs in the gingival crevicular fluid were measured using high‐performance capillary electrophoresis. The presence of porphyromonas gingivalis in the same pretreatment gingival crevicular fluid samples used to measure SCFAs was analyzed using PCR amplification.Results:  Two weeks after periodontal treatment, the concentrations of lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and isovaleric acid in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis had decreased to the levels found in the healthy control group. However, the concentration of formic acid had increased. Statistically significant differences were found in the levels of these SCFAs before and after treatment. In the longitudinal observation, the concentrations of butyric acid and isovaleric acid in the gingival crevicular fluid had increased to a high level 2 mo after treatment. At the last two study time‐points (4 and 6 mo after treatment), butyric acid and isovaleric acid were still present at a high level and showed a tendency to continue to increase. In contrast, the concentration of formic acid in gingival crevicular fluid showed a gradual decrease over the study period.Conclusions:  The concentration of formic acid in the gingival crevicular fluid has an inverse relationship with the severity of periodontitis, whereas the increased concentrations of butyric and isovelaric acids during the long‐term observation period after therapy may indicate the status of recolonization of periodontal pathogens and reflect the subgingival ecology. These two fatty acids could be used as indicators for the development and progression of periodontitis.
Rab6‐Mediated Retrograde Transport Regulates Inner Nuclear Membrane Targeting of Caveolin‐2 in Response to Insulin
Authors: Jeong Kyuho , Kwon Hayeong , Lee Jaewoong , Jang Donghwan , Hwang Eun Mi , Park Jae‐Yong , Pak Yunbae 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHere, we have identified a retrograde transport pathway of caveolin‐2 (cav‐2) for its regulatory function in the nucleus. Confocal microscopy analysis, photoactivation experiments and subcellular fractionation revealed that cav‐2 localized in the Golgi was transported to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) in response to insulin. Exogenous caveolin‐1 (cav‐1) and P132L‐cav‐1 expression did not affect the Golgi localization and insulin‐induced INM targeting of cav‐2. Cav‐2DKV mutant in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was unable to translocate to the INM in response to insulin. The GTP‐bound form of Rab6 promoted, but Rab6 siRNA and the GDP‐bound form of Rab6 abrogated, retrograde trafficking of cav‐2 from the Golgi to ER. Colchicine or nocodazole treatment abolished insulin‐induced INM targeting of cav‐2. Knock down of gp210 inhibited insulin‐induced import of cav‐2 from ER/outer nuclear membrane (ONM) to the INM. The INM‐targeted cav‐2 prevented heterochromatinization and promoted transcriptional activation of Elk‐1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The results provide molecular mechanisms for insulin‐induced INM translocation of cav‐2 initiated (i) by Golgi‐to‐ER retrograde trafficking of cav‐2 via microtubule‐based Rab6‐GTP‐dependent transport and subsequently processed (ii) by gp210‐mediated import of cav‐2 from ER/ONM to INM.
Therapy of severe atopic dermatitis in adults
Authors: Deleuran Mette S. , Vestergaard Christian 
Published: May 2012

SummarySevere atopic dermatitis has a profound effect on many aspects of the patient's life, and a combination of topical and systemic treatment is often necessary to control the disease. Systemic corticosteroids are rapidly effective, but should only be used short term for severe exacerbations because of their many long‐term side effects. In chronic cases, starting another systemic immunosuppres‐sant therapy while tapering off corticosteroids should be considered. The usefulness of cyclosporin A, azathioprine, and methotrexate has been documented in clinical trials. Cyclosporin A is rapidly effective, but has a narrow therapeutic index and possible renal toxicity. Azathioprine and methotrexate have a slower onset of action and are good treatment options for many patients, but are not always tolerated. Mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolate sodium and biologicals are other alternatives, but need to be assessed in larger randomized trials. Despite the available therapeutic repertoire, there remain patients with very severe disease in whom we are unable to obtain satisfactory control. The therapy for patients with severe psoriasis has been revolutionized during the last decade, due to the development of targeted biological therapy, and it is indeed the hope that a similar process is about to emerge also for patients suffering from severe atopic dermatitis.
Relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and oral health status in the elderly with vascular dementia
Authors: Fujihara Isao , Sadamori Shinsuke , Abekura Hitoshi , Akagawa Yasumasa 
Published: May 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00664.x

Relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and oral health status in the elderly with vascular dementia
Objectives:  The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and oral status in the elderly with vascular dementia.Background:  There have been some reports of a relationship between disease symptoms and oral status in the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease, but few reports have been conducted in the elderly with vascular dementia. Until now, the relationship between BPSD and oral status has been unknown.Materials and methods:  An investigation was conducted concerning BPSD and oral status among 57 subjects with vascular dementia (mean age, 85.7 ± 5.5 years). The wearing of dentures and oral activities of daily living (oral ADL) were examined.Results:  Subjects with activity disturbances and those with aggressiveness had significantly lower rates of denture wearing than those without these two symptoms (p < 0.05). Significantly lower oral ADL scores were obtained from subjects with delusional ideas, hallucinations, activity disturbances and diurnal rhythm disturbances (p < 0.05), as well as those with affective disturbances (p < 0.01).Conclusion:  This study indicated a relationship between BPSD and the wearing of dentures in the elderly with vascular dementia. The study also demonstrated relationships between BPSD and oral ADL.
Older community‐dwelling people's comparative optimism about falling: A population‐based telephone survey
Authors: Dollard Joanne , Barton Christopher , Newbury Jonathan , Turnbull Deborah 
Published: May 2012

Aim:  To determine whether older community‐dwelling people underestimate their own perceived chance of falling compared with that of other older people (comparative optimism), and whether a history of falls is associated with comparative optimism.Method:  A sample of community‐dwelling South Australians aged ≥65 years (n= 389) completed a computer‐assisted telephone interview about their 12‐month fall history, their perceived chance of falling and their rating of other older people's chance of falling.Results:  Respondents were comparatively optimistic about their chance of falling (Z =−8.1, P < 0.001). Those who had fallen in the last 12 months had a lower comparative optimism score (Z =−3.0, P < 0.003).Conclusion:  As older people were comparatively optimistic about their likelihood of falling, they might not find fall prevention messages relevant. When older people present with a fall, clinicians could provide fall prevention information consistent with how older people present themselves.