bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tip60 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by translocation of androgen receptor into the nucleus
Authors: Shiota Masaki , Yokomizo Akira , Masubuchi Daisuke , Tada Yasuhiro , Inokuchi Junichi , Eto Masatoshi , Uchiumi Takeshi , Fujimoto Naohiro , Naito Seiji 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are currently few effective therapies for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa). CRPC which is resistant to castration is thought to result from increased activation of the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway, which may be augmented by AR coactivators.METHODSLuciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence microscopy, cell proliferation assay, and flow cytometry for cell‐cycle analysis were used to resolve a role of Tip60 regulating AR in PCa cells.RESULTSTip60 regulated transcriptions of AR target genes androgen independently. Tip60 knockdown induced translocation of AR into the cytoplasm. Acetylation‐mimicking mutations in the nuclear localization signal sequence caused AR protein to mainly localize in the nucleus despite androgen starvation, whereas non‐acetylation‐mimicking mutations caused AR to mainly localize in the cytoplasm despite androgen stimulation. Tip60 overexpression in castration‐resistant LNCaP derivative CxR cells resulted in increases in the acetylated form of AR and AR localization in the nucleus even without androgen. Consequently, Tip60 silencing suppressed the growth of AR‐expressing PCa cells by inducing cell‐cycle arrest at the G1 phase, similar to inhibition of androgen/AR signaling. Furthermore, Tip60 knockdown suppressed the cell growth of CxR cells.CONCLUSIONSTip60 is involved in the proliferation of PCa cells as an AR coactivator. Modulation of Tip60 expression or function may be a useful strategy for developing novel therapeutics for PCa, even CRPC, which remain dependent on AR signaling, by overexpressing AR and its coactivators. Prostate 70: 540–554, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three conformational antibodies specific for different PSMA epitopes are promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for prostate cancer
Authors: Wolf Philipp , Freudenberg Nikolaus , Bühler Patrick , Alt Karen , Schultze‐Seemann Wolfgang , Wetterauer Ulrich , Elsässer‐Beile Ursula 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents an attractive antigen for antibody‐based diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer, since it is highly restricted to the prostate and overexpressed in all tumor stages. The present work describes the in vitro characterization of the three anti‐PSMA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 3/A12, 3/E7, and 3/F11 in comparison to the mAb J591.METHODSThe mAbs were tested for saturation and competitive binding on C4‐2 prostate cancer cells by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on frozen prostate normal and cancer tissues as well as on lymph node metastases. Similarly, potential crossreactivities were tested on a broad panel of human normal tissues.RESULTSThe anti‐PSMA mAbs showed a strong binding to C4‐2 cells with mean half‐maximal saturation concentrations of about 14 nM for 3/A12, 17 nM for 3/E7, 9 nM for 3/F11, and 16 nM for J591. Competitive binding studies revealed that our three mAbs bind to different extracellular PSMA epitopes. The mAbs showed comparable staining of epithelial cells for all tested normal and tumorous prostate tissues. Extraprostatic staining was observed on secretory cells of the salivary glands and on the brush border of the duodenal columnar epithelium. J591 additionally showed positive staining of the normal breast epithelium.CONCLUSIONSDue to their specific binding characteristics, the anti‐PSMA mAbs 3/A12, 3/E7, and 3/F11 show great promise for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in prostate cancer. Prostate 70: 562–569, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downmodulation of Bcl‐2 sensitizes metastatic LNCaP‐LN3 cells to undergo apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway
Authors: Song Renduo , Harris Loleta D. , Pettaway Curtis A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe explored the mechanisms of apoptosis after Bcl‐2 protein downmodulation in metastatic LNCaP‐LN3 cells (LN3).METHODSLNCaP, LNCaP‐Pro5 (Pro5) and LN3 cells were cultured in 5% charcoal‐stripped serum (CSS) or in R1881 (synthetic androgen) and bicalutamide (synthetic anti‐androgen) and growth inhibition was assessed. Expression levels of androgen receptor (AR) and Bcl‐2 were determined. LN3 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA Bcl‐2 (siRNA Bcl‐2) or control siRNA oligonucleotides. Rates of apoptosis and proliferation were obtained. Cytochrome c localization in treated and control cells was assessed ± cyclosporine A (CsA). Caspases 9, 3, and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage (PARP) were measured upon downmodulation of Bcl‐2; and cell growth inhibition in vitro after Bcl‐2 modulation combined with docetaxel chemotherapy was determined.RESULTSLN3 cells maintained growth under castrate conditions in vitro. AR protein amplification did not explain castrate‐resistant LN3 cell growth. Bcl‐2 protein levels in LN3 cells were significantly higher than in Pro5 cells, and were effectively downmodulated by siRNA Bcl‐2. Subsequently increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation mediated by cytochrome c was noted and this was reversed by CsA. siRNA Bcl‐2‐transfected LN3 cells exhibited elevated levels of caspases 9, 3, and PARP cleavage. Exposure of LN3 cells to docetaxel led to increased apoptosis, and simultaneous downmodulation of Bcl‐2 substantially enhanced this effect.CONCLUSIONSDownmodulation of Bcl‐2 in metastatic castrate‐resistant LNCaP‐LN3 cells led to apoptosis via a cytochrome c‐dependent pathway that was enhanced with docetaxel treatment. Prostate 70: 571–583, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural and functional characterization of a promiscuous feruloyl esterase (Est1E) from the rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus
Authors: Goldstone David C. , Villas‐Bôas Silas G. , Till Marisa , Kelly William J. , Attwood Graeme T. , Arcus Vickery L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe release of polysaccharide from the plant cell wall is a key process to release the stored energy from plant biomass. Within the ruminant digestive system, a host of commensal microorganisms speed the breakdown of plant cell matter releasing fermentable sugars. The presence of phenolic compounds, most notably ferulic acid (FA), esterified within the cell wall is thought to pose a significant impediment to the degradation of the plant cell wall. The structure of a FA esterase from the ruminant bacterium Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus has been determined in two different space groups, in both the apo‐form, and the ligand bound form with FA located in the active site. The structure reveals a new lid domain that has no structural homologues in the PDB. The flexibility of the lid domain is evident by the presence of three different conformations adopted by different molecules in the crystals. In the FA‐bound structures, these conformations show sequential binding and closing of the lid domain over the substrate. Enzymatic activity assays demonstrate a broad activity against plant‐derived hemicellulose, releasing at least four aromatic compounds including FA, coumaric acid, coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid, and cinnamic acid. The rumen is a complex ecosystem that efficiently degrades plant biomass and the genome of B. proteoclasticus contains greater than 130 enzymes, which are potentially involved in this process of which Est1E is the first to be well characterized. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wood losses and economical threshold of Btk aerial spray operation against spruce budworm
Authors: Fournier Cédric , Bauce Éric , Dupont Alain , Berthiaume Richard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), causes cumulative defoliation and hence annual growth loss of the balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill, host tree. Annual growth increments of mixed balsam fir stands were measured by stem analysis over a 9 year period (1994–2002), when Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (Btk) was applied to control spruce budworm defoliation. With this approach, it was possible to quantify the change in stand volume growth after aerial spray applications of Btk.RESULTS: Differences between the periodic volume increment of protected and unprotected plots were statistically significant, while differences between protected and budworm‐free plots were not significant. After 9 years, the difference in periodic increment between protected and unprotected plots was 20 m3 ha−1, and the difference in periodic mortality was 20.5 m3 ha−1.CONCLUSION: An economic assessment of Btk treatments indicates that biopesticide aerial spraying operations are justified, as they prevented substantial balsam fir mortality and growth losses over the 9 year study. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of deposition conditions on percolation in single‐walled carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Vichchulada Pornnipa , Lay Marcus D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMacroscopic networks of ordered single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been formed using laminar‐flow deposition (LFD) at room temperature. This deposition method involves successive deposition cycles from aqueous suspensions of SWNTs. Each deposition cycle deposits a reproducible density of partially aligned SWNTs, which allows a great level of control over the network formation process. The macroscopic conductivity of these 2‐D thin‐films was observed to follow percolation theory throughout the network growth process. The ability of this deposition method to partially align SWNTs during deposition was investigated. Networks deposited with SWNTs having orthogonal directionality showed significantly greater precision and current capacity than networks composed of SWNTs that were partially aligned in only one direction.
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Engineering the electronic structure of the CuPc/BPE‐PTCDI interface by WO3 doping of CuPc
Authors: Hein Corinna , Mankel Eric , Mayer Thomas , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe investigate the electronic interface properties of an organic bilayer heterojunction solar cell, built of CuPc/BPE‐PTCDI as donor/acceptor system. Band alignment of this interface and interface potentials were measured using synchrotron induced photoemission spectroscopy (SXPS) on stepwise deposited BPE‐PTCDI on doped and non doped CuPc. Using non doped CuPc at thermodynamic equilibrium the bands bend at the interface in a direction that hinders dissociation of geminate pairs.As a measure to form a band bending that supports geminate pair separation p‐doping of CuPc is tested. As dopant WO3 was applied being a promising material for p‐doping of CuPc due to its high ionization potential. At the doped CuPc/BPE‐PTCDI interface the internal field is actually reversed now driving holes in CuPc and electrons in BPE‐PTCDI away from the interface.
Time‐domain terahertz reflection and transmission spectroscopy of InSb
Authors: Adomavičius Ramūnas , Macutkevic Jan , Suzanovičienė Rasa , Šiušys Aloyzas , Krotkus Arūnas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the present work we have performed THz‐TDS measurements on InSb crystals in both transmission and reflection mode at various temperatures. It has been shown that when interpreting these results by a Drude model it is necessary to take into account the energy dependence of the effective mass in the non‐parabolic conduction band of InSb.It has been revealed that transmission measurement and fitting procedure gets the most reliable results when we are able to measure the terahertz transmission around free electron plasma and higher frequencies. By contrast, the most crucial spectral range for reflection measurements is around plasma and lower frequencies. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence in Er‐doped AgGaS2–GeS2 glasses
Authors: Halyan V. V. , Kevshyn A. H. , Kogut Yu. M. , Davydyuk G. Ye. , Shevchuk M. V. , Kažukauskas V. , Ziminskij A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work study of photoluminescence (PL) spectra in the Er‐doped glasses of the AgGaS2‐GeS2 system is presented. Emission spectra of the glasses at T ≈ 292 K, excited by light with λex ≈ 980 nm and λex ≈ 532 nm are described well by transitions in the 4f‐shell of Er3+ ions. Spectral curves of the emission can be deconvoluted into four Gaussian components. Er atoms are localized both in the glass matrix and (with increased concentration) around large structural damages (heterogeneities) which are drains for them. This causes broadening of the emission bands of Er3+ ions that are localized around heterogeneities. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laplace DLTS of molecular beam epitaxy GaAs grown on (100) and (211)B substrates
Authors: Mari R. H. , Shafi M. , Henini M. , D.Taylor  
Published: November 2009

AbstractDeep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace DLTS (LDLTS) techniques have been employed to study defects in n‐type GaAs grown by MBE on (100) and (211)B GaAs planes. The DLTS spectra were different for the two GaAs substrate orientations. Five and four defect states are found in samples grown on (100) and (211)B GaAs planes, respectively with activation energies ranging from 0.054 eV to 0.570 eV. For all of the traps observed in our samples we obtained small activation energies as compared to the previous data published in literature on n‐GaAs samples grown by MBE. This can be explained by the fact that the emission of the carriers depends on the applied electric field and temperature dependence of the carrier concentration. These two phenomena seem to explain the small trap energies seen in our samples. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability analysis for T–S fuzzy systems with interval time‐varying delays and nonlinear perturbations
Authors: Li Li , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of the robust stability for T–S fuzzy systems with interval time‐varying delay and nonlinear perturbations. The key features of the approach include the introduction of uncorrelated augmented matrix items into the Lyapunov functional and the use of some appropriate integral inequalities. Unlike the existing methodologies, the proposed approach involves neither free weighting matrices nor any model transformation. It can, however, lead to much less conservative stability criteria than the existing ones for the systems under consideration. The cases of perturbations are assumed to both nonlinear time‐varying perturbations and time‐varying uncertainties in linear fractional form. Numerical examples show that the obtained results are less conservative than the existing ones in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of DVB‐RCS+M and its development
Authors: Skinnemoen Harald , Thompson P. T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe use of DVB‐S and DVB‐RCS for conducting two‐way communications from small satellite terminals has become well established in Europe and elsewhere. During the development of DVB‐RCS the possibility of limited use for satellite terminals that were moving was considered in January 2004 and incorporated into the Guideline document associated with the Standard in April 2005. It was noted, however, that this matter could be addressed further as a future development. This paper addresses the steps that have been taken since then to realize this objective.During the last few years, it has been shown that the DVB‐S2/DVB‐RCS specifications are good candidate baselines for the efficient implementation of broadband services to mobile users. Results of these studies were gathered in a study mission report from the TM‐RCSad hocgroup. It was demonstrated that both forward and return channel waveforms are impacted by the mobile usage, and should be addressed in the scope of an update of the DVB‐RCS standard.Technical analysis identified that DVB‐RCS, as it had been originally designed for fixed satellite services, provided most of the features required by mobile applications above 5 GHz, and could be turned into a competitive solution with a few carefully crafted modifications. Subsequent activities within the TM‐RCS Group have led to an efficient and robust standard that incorporates mobility more definitely into version 1.5.1 of the DVB‐RCS specifications, along with appropriate detailed ‘Guidelines’ documentation giving expanded description of the standard and its use and application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of drop size distribution parameters for optical wireless communications through moderate continental fog
Authors: Awan Muhammad Saleem , Nebuloni Roberto , Capsoni Carlo , Csurgai‐Horváth László , Muhammad Sajid Sheikh , Nadeem Farukh , Khan Muhammad Saeed , Leitgeb Erich 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWireless optical communication links (OCL), or free space optics links involving optical ground stations are highly influenced by the earth atmosphere due to the interaction of the optical wave with particles of different size and shape. Fog, clouds, rain and snow cause significant signal attenuation, thus limiting the performance of OCL. In this paper, we consider the behavior of OCL in the troposphere under moderate continental fog conditions, which are important for both ground–ground and ground–space OCL. The impact of the droplet size distribution (DSD) of fog is investigated, by processing laser attenuation measurements carried out in Milan (Italy) and Graz (Austria). Significant differences are observed between measured and predicted attenuation when using standard values for the DSD parameters. Hence, new sets of DSD parameters are proposed to model peak, mean and median values of measured attenuation for moderate continental fog. These, in turn, can be useful to make accurate link availability predictions, thus improving the quality of service design for OCL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk‐adjusted pricing strategies for the corporate loans business: do they really create value?
Authors: Jung Thomas , Strohhecker Jürgen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe corporate loans business of banks is often unprofitable. As it does not earn the cost of capital plus an additional profit margin, it is stigmatized as a value‐destroyer. Two rather obvious reasons are low margins in combination with high competition. Bank managers have mainly reacted to this negative trend by implementing cost‐cutting programmes and downsizing. While these actions helped to improve return on equity in the short run, the downside of these programmes has been a decline of earnings in the long run. Using the case of four major banks in Germany, our analysis shows a cyclical as well as a structural problem preventing these banks from creating value. Risk‐adjusted pricing is one strategy intensely discussed in theory and practice to improve earnings. We test this strategy against a variety of scenarios using a formal model and find that risk‐adjusted prices can indeed contribute to improved performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of adhesive and cohesive strength on the tribological behaviour of non‐reactively sputtered TiC thin films
Authors: Kataria S. , Dash S. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTitanium carbide (TiC) thin films were deposited on D9 steel substrates at room temperature (RT), 200 °C and 400 °C. A compound TiC target was sputtered to deposit films in a non‐reactive argon atmosphere. As‐deposited films were characterised for structural, chemical and mechanical properties. Nanoindentation and scratch tests were performed to evaluate the cohesive and adhesive strength of the films, respectively. Tribological properties of the films were investigated using a tribometer. An increase in nano‐hardness from 7.2 to 10.5 GPa was observed as deposition temperature was increased. The films deposited at RT and 200 °C showed poor adhesion leading to the inferior tribological performance. In contrast, films deposited at 400 °C showed better adhesion which improved the wear resistance. Tribological behaviour of TiC thin films was correlated with contact deformation modes of coatings. These modes revealed significant role of adhesive and cohesive strength associated with the coatings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technological capability, strategic flexibility, and product innovation
Authors: Zhou Kevin Zheng , Wu Fang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the role of technological capability in product innovation. Building on the absorptive capacity perspective and organizational inertia theory, the authors propose that technological capability has curvilinear and differential effects on exploitative and explorative innovations. The findings support the proposition that though technological capability fosters exploitation at an accelerating rate, it has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with exploration. That is, a high level of technological capability impedes explorative innovation. Strategic flexibility strengthens the positive effects of technological capability on exploration, such that when strategic flexibility is high, greater technological capability is associated with more explorative innovation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What kind of assumptions need to be realistic and how to test them: A response to Tsang (2006)
Authors: Lam Shun Yin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTsang (2006) contends that certain core assumptions of a theory, which are typically about people's behaviors or thoughts, need be realistic, because they determine the viability of the mechanism that generates a hypothesized relationship. While Tsang's (2006) article rightly emphasizes the importance of realistic assumptions, it neglects the issue that certain kinds of assumptions are necessarily unrealistic for the roles that they play in theory development and testing. Therefore, researchers should not be criticized for making unrealistic assumptions of the latter kinds. Furthermore, by deliberating on the assumptions underpinning a theory, researchers can construct theories with better explanatory power and further develop existing theories. Tsang (2006) also suggests two approaches for testing assumptions, namely, a structural model and direct inquiry approaches. Although these approaches have certain merits, they also have limitations that may render the evidence gathered unreliable under certain situations. Two alternative approaches, namely, the experimental‐causal‐chain and the moderator‐of‐process designs, address these limitations. The researcher could consider adopting these designs as well in order to improve the rigor of assumption testing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.