bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening contraceptive counselling services to empower clients and meet their needs: protocol for a two-stage, multiphase complex intervention in Pakistan and Nigeria
Authors: Tran Nguyen Toan , Ali Moazzam , Azmat Syed Khurram , Seuc Armando , Olaolorun Funmilola M , Awan Muhammad Ali , Morhason-Bello Imran , Thom Ellen Mpangananji , Martin Josepth , Abubakar Hanifah Datti , Uzma Qudsia , Kiarie James 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundHigh-quality contraceptive counselling can accelerate global efforts to reduce the unmet need for and suboptimal use of modern contraceptives. This study aims to identify a package of interventions designed to strengthen in Pakistan and Nigeria and determine their effectiveness in increasing client-level decision-making, autonomy and meeting of contraceptive needs.MethodsA multisite, two-stage and five-phase intervention design will start with a pre-formative, formative, design, experimental and reflective phase. The pre-formative phase will map potential study sites and establish the sampling frame. The two-part formative phase will first use participatory approaches to identify clients’ perspectives, including young couples and providers, to ensure research contextualisation and address each interest group’s needs and priorities followed by clinical observations of client–provider encounters to document routine care. The design workshop in the third phase will result in the development of a package of contraceptive counselling interventions. In the fourth experimental phase, a multi-intervention, three-arm, single-blinded, parallel cluster randomised-controlled trial will compare routine care (arm 1) with the contraceptive counselling package (arm 2) and the same package combined with wider methods availability (arm 3). The study aims to enrol a total of 7920 participants. The reflective phase aims to identify implementation barriers and enablers. The outcomes are clients’ level of decision-making autonomy and use of modern contraceptives.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was obtained from the WHO Scientific and Ethics Review Committee (Protocol ID Pakistan: ERC 006232 and Nigeria ERC: 006523). Each study site is required and has obtained the necessary ethical and regulatory approvals that are required in each specific country. Findings will be presented at local, national and international conferences and disseminated by peer-review publications.Trial registration numberNCT06081842.
Developing a data repository to support interdisciplinary research into childhood stunting: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper
Authors: Conway-Moore Kaitlin , Tetsa Tata Darius , Wood Peter , Katerinchuk Val , Yadav D M Dinesh , Augustine Little Flower , Munikumar Manne , Diop Assana , Tairou Fassiatou , Jobarteh Modou Lamin , Kulkarni Bharati , Faye Babacar , Haggarty Paul , Heffernan Claire 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionAs a topic of inquiry in its own right, data management for interdisciplinary research projects is in its infancy. Key issues include the inability of researchers to effectively query diverse data outputs and to identify potentially important synergies between discipline-specific data. Equally problematic, few semantic ontologies exist to better support data organisation and discovery. Finally, while interdisciplinary research is widely regarded as beneficial to unpacking complex problems, non-researchers such as policy-makers and planners often struggle to use and interrogate the related datasets. To address these issues, the following article details the design and development of the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub (AASH)’s All-Hub Data Repository (AHDR).Methods and analysisThe AHDR is a single application, single authentication web-based platform comprising a data warehouse to store data from across the AASH’s three study countries and to support data querying. Four novel components of the AHDR are described in the following article: (1) a unique data discovery tool; (2) a metadata catalogue that provides researchers with an interface to explore the AASH’s data outputs and engage with a new semantic ontology related to child stunting; (3) an interdisciplinary aid to support a directed approach to identifying synergies and interactions between AASH data and (4) a decision support tool that will support non-researchers in engaging with the wider evidence-based outputs of the AASH.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was granted by institutional ethics committees in the UK, India, Indonesia and Senegal. Results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals; presentations at international conferences and community-level public engagement events; key stakeholder meetings; and in public repositories with appropriate Creative Commons licences allowing for the widest possible use.
How is vaping promoted in an illegal market? A qualitative study of Singaporeans’ social media encounters
Authors: Tan Grace Ping Ping , Tan Xian Zhen , van der Eijk Yvette 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAlthough Singapore has completely banned vaping, it is heavily promoted on social media. This study explored vaping-related social media content that Singaporeans are exposed to, and how it shapes vaping-related perceptions and experiences in the context of Singapore’s strict regulations.MethodsWe held 10 focus group discussions with 63 Singaporeans aged 21–40 years, with diversity by sociodemographics, smoking history, vaping history and self-reported exposure to vaping-related social media content. Participants provided screenshots of any vaping-related content they encountered on their social media. Subsequently, in focus groups, they were shown a variety of this content and asked to discuss. We coded transcripts using inductive methods.ResultsParticipants had encountered vape advertisements from neighbouring countries featuring attractive products, flavours, celebrity endorsements and entertainment shows, which they found highly appealing. Participants encountered posts that did not overtly advertise vaping but depicted people vaping in social settings, thereby normalising vaping despite its illegal status. They perceived government campaigns to deter vaping as biased and agenda driven, calling for a more nuanced message and use of local influencers and personal stories to communicate the rationale of the vaping regulations to the public.ConclusionHaving a law that bans vaping may not be enough; it needs to be complemented with more comprehensive marketing restrictions on social media platforms and effective enforcement of bans on social media promotions from overseas.
Cosmographic analysis of the dynamics of universe in higher dimensional compactified space with Tachyonic field
Authors: Singha Anup Kumar , Debnath Ujjal , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: June 2024

In this work, the considered model is contained in higher dimensional compactified space in the form of M4 × M6, where M6 is compact inner space. Since, for a higher dimensional cosmological model, Tachyon matter is an automatic and fantastic choice, we have supposed that the scalar field is driven by Tachyon together with the higher dimensional cosmological constant [Formula: see text]. Our observation is that the theory provides a good solution for the cosmological scale factor of the present universe. Here, it is important that the forms of the tachyonic field ϕ and potential V are simple trigonometric hyperbolic functions. We study the cosmographical parameters like equation of state parameter, statefinder parameters, jerk, snap, and lerk parameters. The graphical representations of cosmological parameters show the overall evolution of the universe under a tachyonic field in a higher dimensional model. The classical stability of the model due to small perturbations both for dark energy and metric are examined by the study of the square speed of sound and by the linear perturbation method. We also analyzed the model in ω−ω′ and r− s cosmological plane.
Barriers and Facilitators Experienced During the Implementation of Web‐Based Teleradiology System in Public Hospitals of the Northwest Ethiopia: An Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Nigatu Araya Mesfin , Yilma Tesfahun Melese , Gezie Lemma Derseh , Gebrewold Yonathan , Gullslett Monika Knudsen , Mengiste Shegaw Anagaw , Tilahun Binyam 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Teleradiology allows distant facilities to electronically transmit images for interpretation, thereby bridging the radiology service gap between urban and rural areas. The technology improves healthcare quality, treatment options, and diagnostic accuracy. However, in low resource settings like Ethiopia, teleradiology services are limited, posing challenges for implementation. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the factors that facilitated or hindered the implementation of web‐based teleradiology in the public hospitals of the South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: In this study, a purposive sampling method was employed to select seventeen participants, including hospital managers, physicians, emergency surgeons, and radiologists, for an in‐depth interview (IDI). The interviews were conducted from March to May 2023. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted using an abductive coding technique at the semantic/explicit level. Data were collected through semistructured interviews conducted face‐to‐face and virtually, with audio recordings transcribed, translated, and analyzed using Open Code version 4.02 software. Trustworthiness was ensured through prolonged engagement, reflective journaling, and review by coauthors.Results: The study examined eight main themes, with barriers to sustainable teleradiology implementation falling into five categories: technological, organizational, environmental, individual, and workflow and communication. Conversely, identified facilitators included improved radiology service efficiency, system accessibility, collaboration opportunities, and user trust in the radiology ecosystem. Within each theme, factors with potential impacts on teleradiology system sustainability were identified, such as the lack of system handover mechanisms, absence of a central image consultation center, and inadequate staffing of full‐time radiologists and technical personnel.Conclusions: The study highlights the positive user perception of a web‐based teleradiology system’s user‐friendliness and efficiency. Overcoming challenges and leveraging facilitators are crucial for optimizing teleradiology and improving service delivery and patient outcomes. A centralized consultation center with dedicated radiologists and technical personnel is recommended for maximizing efficiency.
Association Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) +936C/T Polymorphism (rs3025039) and Preeclampsia Among Myanmar Pregnant Women
Authors: Saw Khin Ei Ei , Thann Thit Sar Aye Mg 
Published: June 2024

Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphism is associated with preeclampsia since its abnormal expression plays an important role in vasculogenesis in placenta formation. Thus, this study is aimed at analyzing the association between VEGF +936C/T polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia.Methods: To assess the causal relationship, a hospital‐based cross‐sectional analytical study was carried out among 204 Myanmar pregnant women during the period of January 2018–September 2020. For data collection, a pretested, structured questionnaire was used. Blood samples were collected after obtaining consent, and then we studied the extracted gene by using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 was used for data management and analysis.Results: The genotype CT variant among preeclamptic women was more than that of non‐preeclamptic women (26.5% vs. 18.6%), but not significant (p = 0.180). The risk of preeclampsia among women with CT genotypes was 1.57 times higher than that of women with CC genotypes (OR (95%CI) = 1.57 (0.81, 3.06), p = 0.180). The minor allele frequency of the T allele was 15.2% in preeclamptic women and 9.3% in normal pregnant women. The risk of preeclampsia among T allele carriers is 1.49 times (95%CI = 0.80, 2.77) more than that of C allele carriers (p = 0.211). Among the preeclamptic pregnant women, the frequency of the CT genotype was 26.3% in the severe preeclamptic group and 26.9% in the mild preeclamptic group, while the frequency of the T allele was 13.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The frequency of either CT genotype or T allele was more or less the same in both groups, and there was no association between VEGF C/T polymorphism and the severity of preeclampsia. After logistic regression analysis on VEGF genotype and clinical parameters such as age, maternal body mass index (BMI), and neonatal birth weight, the risk of preeclampsia was 2.1 times higher in pregnant women with CT genotype compared to CC genotype (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.9–4.5, p value −0.057).Conclusion: There was no significant association between VEGF +936C/T polymorphism (rs3025039) and preeclampsia among Myanmar pregnant women. However, the findings of this study highlighted that individuals carrying either the CT genotype or the T allele are at a heightened risk of developing preeclampsia. Furthermore, it suggests a potential impact of the gene on the occurrence of preeclampsia, yet the data lacks sufficient evidence to establish statistical significance.
Pancreatic Epithelial IL17/IL17RA Signaling Drives B7-H4 Expression to Promote Tumorigenesis
Authors: Castro-Pando Susana , Howell Rian M. , Li Le , Mascaro Marilina , Faraoni Erika Y. , Le Roux Olivereen , Romanin David , Tahan Virginia , Riquelme Erick , Zhang Yu , Kolls Jay K. , Allison James P. , Lozano Guillermina , Moghaddam Seyed J. , McAllister Florencia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
IL17 is required for the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancer, particularly in the context of inflammation, as previously shown by genetic and pharmacological approaches. However, the cellular compartment and downstream molecular mediators of IL17-mediated pancreatic tumorigenesis have not been fully identified. This study examined the cellular compartment required by generating transgenic animals with IL17 receptor A (IL17RA), which was genetically deleted from either the pancreatic epithelial compartment or the hematopoietic compartment via generation of IL17RA-deficient (IL17-RA−/−) bone marrow chimeras, in the context of embryonically activated or inducible Kras. Deletion of IL17RA from the pancreatic epithelial compartment, but not from hematopoietic compartment, resulted in delayed initiation and progression of premalignant lesions and increased infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to the tumor microenvironment. Absence of IL17RA in the pancreatic compartment affected transcriptional profiles of epithelial cells, modulating stemness, and immunological pathways. B7-H4, a known inhibitor of T-cell activation encoded by the gene Vtcn1, was the checkpoint molecule most upregulated via IL17 early during pancreatic tumorigenesis, and its genetic deletion delayed the development of pancreatic premalignant lesions and reduced immunosuppression. Thus, our data reveal that pancreatic epithelial IL17RA promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis by reprogramming the immune pancreatic landscape, which is partially orchestrated by regulation of B7-H4. Our findings provide the foundation of the mechanisms triggered by IL17 to mediate pancreatic tumorigenesis and reveal the avenues for early pancreatic cancer immune interception.
See related Spotlight by Lee and Pasca di Magliano, p. 1130
CLN-617 Retains IL2 and IL12 in Injected Tumors to Drive Robust and Systemic Immune-Mediated Antitumor Activity
Authors: Mehta Naveen K. , Rakhra Kavya , Meetze Kristan A. , Li Bochong , Momin Noor , Chang Jason Y.H. , Wittrup K. Dane , Baeuerle Patrick A. , Michaelson Jennifer S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite clinical evidence of antitumor activity, the development of cytokine therapies has been hampered by a narrow therapeutic window and limited response rates. Two cytokines of high interest for clinical development are interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 12 (IL12), which potently synergize to promote the activation and proliferation of T cells and NK cells. However, the only approved human IL2 therapy, Proleukin, is rarely used in the clinic due to systemic toxicities, and no IL12 product has been approved to date due to severe dose-limiting toxicities. Here, we describe CLN-617, a first-in-class therapeutic for intratumoral (IT) injection that co-delivers IL2 and IL12 on a single molecule in a safe and effective manner. CLN-617 is a single-chain fusion protein comprised of IL2, leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 2 (LAIR2), human serum albumin (HSA), and IL12. LAIR2 and HSA function to retain CLN-617 in the treated tumor by binding collagen and increasing molecular weight, respectively. We found that IT administration of a murine surrogate of CLN-617, mCLN-617, eradicated established treated and untreated tumors in syngeneic models, significantly improved response to anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy, and generated a robust abscopal response dependent on cellular immunity and antigen cross-presentation. CLN-617 is being evaluated in a clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT06035744).
Adoção tardia, filiação e devolução de crianças: uma realidade brasileira
Authors: Souza Barbara Manfroni Amaral de , LoBianco Anna Carolina 
Published: June 2024

O artigo trata da questão da adoção a partir da experiência de uma das autoras no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro. Apresenta as formas de adoção presentes na sociedade brasileira – algumas em conformidade com as leis outras realizadas de maneira informal. Examina as vicissitudes da adoção, entre elas os casos conhecidos como de “devolução”. Procura, em seguida, discutir suas consequências para o psiquismo, a partir da psicanálise. Conclui, utilizando fragmentos da clínica, que se trata de escutar os envolvidos – trabalho que envolve a equipe de profissionais – para facilitar os caminhos através dos quais o sujeito venha a fazer para si um lugar e se exercer como sujeito do desejo.
Cervicocerebral Atherosclerosis Burden Increases Long‐Term Mortality in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Lainelehto Kati , Pienimäki Juha‐Pekka , Savilahti Sirpa , Huhtala Heini , Numminen Heikki , Putaala Jukka 
Published: June 2024

Background
The influence of burden of atherosclerosis in the brain supplying arteries on mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack is poorly known. We assessed whether total burden of atherosclerosis within cervicocerebral arteries is associated with long‐term mortality.

Methods and Results

A total of 406 patients (median age, 71.8 years; 57.9% male) with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were included and their cervicocerebral arteries imaged with computed tomography angiography. The presence of atherosclerotic findings was scored for 25 artery segments and points were summed as a Cervicocerebral Atherosclerosis Burden (CAB) score, analyzed as quartiles. Data on all‐cause mortality came from Statistics Finland. After a median follow‐up of 7.3 years, 147 (33.5%) patients had died. Compared with surviving patients, those who died had a higher median CAB score (5, interquartile range 2–10 versus 11, 7–16;
P
<0.001). Cumulative mortality increased from 8.9% (95% CI, 7.0–10.8) in the lowest to 61.4% (95% CI, 55.4–67.4) in the highest quartile of CAB score. Adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, secondary preventive medication, and admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score, every CAB score point increased probability of death by 3%. Analyzed in quartiles, the highest CAB quartile was associated with a 2.5‐fold likelihood of all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions
The main findings of our study were the increasing mortality with the total burden of computed tomography angiography‐defined atherosclerosis in the brain supplying arteries after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and that the CAB score—integrating this pathology—independently increased all‐cause mortality.
Association of Anthropometric Indices With Midlife Cardiovascular Risk in Young Individuals Without Obesity and Traditional Risk Factors
Authors: Masrouri Soroush , Tamehri Zadeh Seyed Saeed , Afaghi Siamak , Hadaegh Farzad , Khalili Davood , Shapiro Michael D. 
Published: June 2024

Background
The aim of this study was to assess how early‐adulthood body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) relate to long‐term cardiovascular structure, function, and prognosis in individuals without obesity and with low cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) burden.

Methods and Results
A total of 2024 participants aged 18 to 30 from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, without obesity and with low CVRFs defined as the absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, hypertension, current smoking, and dyslipidemia were included. A CVRF‐optimal subgroup was also defined, with blood pressure<120/80 mm Hg, fasting glucose <100 mg/dL, total cholesterol <200, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <130, and women with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥50 mg/dL. Coronary artery calcification, carotid intima‐media thickness, left ventricular mass, left ventricular ejection fraction, longitudinal peak systolic strain, and diastolic function were assessed in midlife. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios of BMI and WC for all‐cause death and CVD events. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for subclinical CVD. Over 33.9 years (median follow‐up), 5.2% (n=105) died, and 2.6% (n=52) had CVD events. Each 1‐SD BMI increase was associated with 27% (95% CI, 1.10–1.47), 24% (1.08–1.43), 42% (1.20–1.68), 28% (1.05–1.57), 51% (1.20–1.90), and 49% (1.10–2.02) higher odds of coronary artery calcification presence, increased carotid intima‐media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, low longitudinal peak systolic strain, and diastolic dysfunction, respectively, in the CVRF‐low group. Generally, similar associations were found for WC and in the CVRF‐optimal subgroup. No significant associations between BMI and WC with CVD and death were found.

Conclusions
Elevations in BMI and WC among young low‐risk individuals, even within the nonobesity range, are associated with midlife cardiovascular health.