bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the radiation dose in micro‐CT with optimization of the scan protocol
Authors: Willekens Inneke , Buls Nico , Lahoutte Tony , Baeyens Luc , Vanhove Christian , Caveliers Vicky , Deklerck Rudi , Bossuyt Axel , de Mey Johan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntroductionMicro‐CT provides non‐invasive anatomic evaluation of small animals. Serial micro‐CT measurements are, however, hampered by the severity of ionizing radiation doses cumulating over the total period of follow‐up. The dose levels may be sufficient to influence experimental outcomes such as animal survival or tumor growth.AimThis study was designed to evaluate the radiation dose of micro‐CT and to optimize the scanning protocol for longitudinal micro‐CT scans.Methods and MaterialsNormal C57Bl/6 mice were euthanized. Radiation exposure was measured using individually calibrated lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Thirteen TLDs were placed in the mice at the thyroid, lungs, liver, stomach, colon, bladder and near the spleen. Micro‐CT (SkyScan 1178) was performed using two digital X‐ray cameras which scanned over 180° at a resolution of 83 µm, a rotation step of 1.08°, 50 kV, 615 µA and 121 s image acquisition time. The TLDs were removed after each scan. CTDI100 was measured with a 100 mm ionization chamber, centrally positioned in a 2.7 cm diameter water phantom, and rotation steps were increased to reduce both scan time and radiation dose.ResultsInternal TLD analysis demonstrated median organ dose of 5.5 ± 0.6 mGy per mA s, confirmed by CTDI100 with result of 6.6 mGy per mA s. A rotation step of 2.16 resulted in qualitatively accurate images. At a resolution of 83 µm the scan time is reduced to 63 s with an estimated dose of 2.9 mGy per mA s. At 166 µm resolution, the scan time is limited to 27 s, with a concordant dose of 1.2 mGy per mA s.ConclusionsThe radiation dose of a standard micro‐CT scan is relatively high and could influence the experimental outcome. We believe that the presented adaptation of the scan protocol allows for accurate imaging without the risk of interfering with the experimental outcome of the study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual spatial attention and speech segmentation are both impaired in preschoolers at familial risk for developmental dyslexia
Authors: Facoetti Andrea , Corradi Nicola , Ruffino Milena , Gori Simone , Zorzi Marco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhonological skills are foundational of reading acquisition and impaired phonological processing is widely assumed to characterize dyslexic individuals. However, reading by phonological decoding also requires rapid selection of sublexical orthographic units through serial attentional orienting, and recent studies have shown that visual spatial attention is impaired in dyslexic children. Our study investigated these different neurocognitive dysfunctions, before reading acquisition, in a sample of preschoolers including children with (N=20) and without (N=67) familial risk for developmental dyslexia. Children were tested on phonological skills, rapid automatized naming, and visual spatial attention. At‐risk children presented deficits in both visual spatial attention and syllabic segmentation at the group level. Moreover, the combination of visual spatial attention and syllabic segmentation scores was more reliable than either single measure for the identification of at‐risk children. These findings suggest that both visuo‐attentional and perisylvian‐auditory dysfunctions might adversely affect reading acquisition, and may offer a new approach for early identification and remediation of developmental dyslexia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What does uncertainty mean to women with anorexia nervosa? An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Sternheim Lot , Konstantellou Anna , Startup Helen , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the construct of intolerance of uncertainty in patients with anorexia nervosa through focus groups.MethodNine women with anorexia nervosa participated in three focus groups in an in‐patient, rehabilitation and day care setting. Focus groups probed participants' experiences of uncertainty and the meaning to them of uncertainty on a physical, behavioural, cognitive and emotional level.ResultsData were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Patients experienced uncertainty as stressful and wanted to avoid this at all costs. Prominent sources of uncertainty were fear of negative evaluation by others and feelings of being imperfect. Uncertain situations led participants to feel anxious and ‘out of control’, resulting in a strong desire for control which manifested in extreme organising and planning.DiscussionResults suggest that treatment strategies aimed at increasing tolerance of uncertainty in people with anorexia nervosa could be beneficial. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Self‐sampling versus reminder letter: Effects on cervical cancer screening attendance and coverage in Finland
Authors: Virtanen Anni , Anttila Ahti , Luostarinen Tapio , Nieminen Pekka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOptimizing attendance and coverage of organized screening is needed to reduce cervical cancer incidence to previous lower levels. In our study, all nonparticipants in organized cervical cancer screening in 2008 in Espoo, Finland were randomized to receive a self‐sampling kit (1,130 women) or a reminder letter (3,030 women). Effects on screening coverage were assessed according to the self‐reported previous Pap smear history of the participants. Participation rate in the self‐sampling arm, 29.8%, was significantly higher than in the reminder letter arm, 26.2% (adjusted relative risk for participation 1.13). Total participation in Espoo in 2008 rose significantly after the two interventions from 64.0 to 75.4%. In both arms, ∼ 20% of the participants after second intervention could be considered under screened (previous Pap smear ≥5 years ago) and thus increased screening coverage. Respectively, for 70–75%, the second intervention only provided overscreening. Participation was lowest among young age groups and immigrants, after primary invitation and after interventions. Our study shows that a second intervention for nonattendees after the first invitation is needed to optimize the attendance rates. Self‐sampling might be slightly more successful in this, but the effects on screening coverage were similar in both groups.
Determination of galanthamine in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae by coupling capillary electrophoresis with end‐column electrochemiluminescence detection
Authors: Deng Biyang , Xie Fang , Li Linqiu , Shi Aihong , Liu Yang , Yin Huihui 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel method for the determination of galanthamine (GAL) in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae has been developed based on coupling CE with an end‐column tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Parameters affecting CE separation and ECL detection were investigated and optimized. Baseline separation of GAL from other components in the Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae sample was achieved with an 18 mmol/L phosphate running buffer at pH 9.0. Under the optimized conditions: 12 kV CE‐separation voltage, ECL detection potential at 1.25 V with 5 mmol/L ${\rm{Ru(bpy)}}_3^{2 + }$ and 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 in the detection reservoir, the linear range of GAL concentration was from 0.8 ng/mL to 2 μg/mL, whereas the detection limit was 0.25 ng/mL (S/N=3). The proposed method was successfully demonstrated for the determination of GAL in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae.
Naringenin up‐regulates the expression of death receptor 5 and enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Jin Cheng‐Yun , Park Cheol , Hwang Hye Jin , Kim Gi‐Young , Choi Byung Tae , Kim Wun‐Jae , Choi Yung Hyun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractScope: While TRAIL is relatively non‐toxic to normal cells, it can selectively induce apoptosis in many types of transformed cells. Nevertheless, some non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are particularly resistant to the effects of TRAIL. Here, we report that in combination with naringenin exposure to TRAIL induced apoptosis in TRAIL‐resistant NSCLC A549 cells with no detectable inhibitory effects on cell proliferation of normal lung fibroblast cells.Methods and results: Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using DAPI staining, and flow cytometry. The protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was measured using a colorimetric assay. For knockdown of Bid and DR5 expression, Bid and DR5 siRNAs were transfected into cells via lipofection. We could show that following exposure to naringenin, DR5 proteins were up‐regulated and knockdown of DR5 expression by siRNA attenuated naringenin plus TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Naringenin and TRAIL effectively induced Bid cleavage and siRNA‐mediated silencing of Bid reduced the sensitizing effect of naringenin. Furthermore, co‐treatment with naringenin and TRAIL resulted in reduction of the clonogenic capacity of A549 cells, and surviving clones could be re‐sensitized for repeated TRAIL treatment.Conclusion: Our results indicate that treatment with a combination of TRAIL and naringenin may be a safe strategy for treatment of resistant NSCLC.
Temporal scaling properties and spatial synchronization of spontaneous blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations in rat sensorimotor network at different levels of isoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Wang Kun , van Meer Maurits P.A. , van der Marel Kajo , van der Toorn Annette , Xu Lijuan , Liu Yingjun , Viergever Max A. , Jiang Tianzi , Dijkhuizen Rick M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSpontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI signal during the resting state are increasingly being studied in healthy and diseased brain in humans and animal models. Yet, the relationship between functional brain status and the characteristics of spontaneous BOLD fluctuations remains poorly understood. In order to obtain more insights into this relationship and, in particular, the effects of anesthesia thereupon, we investigated the spatial and temporal correlations of spontaneous BOLD fluctuations in somatosensory and motor regions of rat brain at different inhalation levels of the frequently applied anesthetic isoflurane. We found that the temporal scaling, characterized by the Hurst exponent (H), showed persistent behavior (H > 0.5) at 0.5–1.0% isoflurane. Furthermore, low‐pass‐filtered spontaneous BOLD oscillations were correlated significantly in bilateral somatosensory and bilateral motor cortices, reflective of interhemispheric functional connectivity. Under 2.9% isoflurane anesthesia, the temporal scaling characteristics approached those of Gaussian white noise (H = 0.5), the relative amplitude of BOLD low‐frequency fluctuations declined, and cross‐correlations of these oscillations between functionally connected regions decreased significantly. Loss of interhemispheric functional connectivity at 2.9% isoflurane anesthesia was stronger between bilateral motor regions than between bilateral somatosensory regions, which points to distinct effects of anesthesia on differentially organized neuronal networks. Although we cannot completely rule out a possible contribution from hemodynamic signals with a non‐neuronal origin, our results emphasize that spatiotemporal characteristics of spontaneous BOLD fluctuations are related to the brain's specific functional status and network organization, and demonstrate that these are largely preserved under light to mild anesthesia with isoflurane. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retention time prediction using the model of liquid chromatography of biomacromolecules at critical conditions in LC‐MS phosphopeptide analysis
Authors: Perlova Tatiana Yu , Goloborodko Anton A. , Margolin Yelena , Pridatchenko Marina L. , Tarasova Irina A. , Gorshkov Alexander V. , Moskovets Eugene , Ivanov Alexander R. , Gorshkov Mikhail V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLC combined with MS/MS analysis of complex mixtures of protein digests is a reliable and sensitive method for characterization of protein phosphorylation. Peptide retention times (RTs) measured during an LC‐MS/MS run depend on both the peptide sequence and the location of modified amino acids. These RTs can be predicted using the LC of biomacromolecules at critical conditions model (BioLCCC). Comparing the observed RTs to those obtained from the BioLCCC model can provide additional validation of MS/MS‐based peptide identifications to reduce the false discovery rate and to improve the reliability of phosphoproteome profiling. In this study, energies of interaction between phosphorylated residues and the surface of RP separation media for both “classic” alkyl C18 and polar‐embedded C18 stationary phases were experimentally determined and included in the BioLCCC model extended for phosphopeptide analysis. The RTs for phosphorylated peptides and their nonphosphorylated analogs were predicted using the extended BioLCCC model and compared with their experimental RTs. The extended model was evaluated using literary data and a complex phosphoproteome data set distributed through the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities Proteome Informatics Research Group 2010 study. The reported results demonstrate the capability of the extended BioLCCC model to predict RTs which may lead to improved sensitivity and reliability of LC‐MS/MS‐based phosphoproteome profiling.
Management of genital burns: A review
Authors: Michielsen Dirk PJ , Lafaire Cynthia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe review the etiology and the management strategy of genital burns. The incidence of genital burns ranges from 2.8 to 13%. Most are part of larger injuries. Scald burns are typical for children, whereas flame and chemical burns happen more often in adults. For first and second‐degree genital burns, a conservative approach with physiological dressings and topical antimicrobials is advised. Only third degree burns need to be treated with removal of necrotic tissue and grafting. Indwelling catheters or suprapubic drainage systems must be avoided whenever possible.
Homogeneous Profit Tax Effects for Heterogeneous Firms?
Authors: Egger Peter , Loretz Simon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn most countries, profit taxation is probably much more relevant nowadays than trade liberalisation when it comes to firm‐level decisions about investment. Empirically, firms are quite heterogeneous with regard to fixed costs: the composition of assets (tangible versus intangible; machinery versus buildings; etc.) and the financing of investments. Then, even uniform changes in profit tax instruments cause heterogeneous responses of firm‐level effective tax rates and, hence, after‐tax profits. We argue that, with similar profit margins, firms would then require pre‐tax profits to differ as well. Governments change statutory profit tax rates and, by virtue of firms’ heterogeneity, they cause stark selection effects which are mainly related to heterogeneous fixed rather than variable costs. We compute costs of capital for a large sample of firms to illustrate how homogeneous changes in tax instruments hit firms differently. Using Bureau van Dijk’s ORBIS database, we illustrate that the effects of changes in statutory instruments have relatively large systematic variance components across industries within countries and also relatively large ones of firms within industries and countries.
The Effect of Medication Use on Urinary Incontinence in Community‐Dwelling Elderly Women
Authors: Ruby Christine M. , Hanlon Joseph T. , Boudreau Robert M. , Newman Anne B. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Shorr Ronald I. , Bauer Douglas C. , Resnick Neil M. ,   for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether use of certain medications with potential urological effects is associated with development of incident urinary incontinence in community‐resident older women.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study.SETTING: Pittsburgh, PA, and Memphis, TN.PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred fifty‐nine healthy black and white women aged 65 and older enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study without baseline (Year 1) self‐reported urinary incontinence.MEASUREMENTS: Use of alpha blockers, anticholinergics, central nervous system medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics), diuretics (thiazide, loop, potassium sparing), and estrogen (all dosage forms) was determined during Year 3 interviews. Self‐reported incident (≥weekly) incontinence in during the previous 12 months was assessed at Year 4 interviews.RESULTS: Overall, 20.5% of these women reported incident incontinence at Year 4 (3 years from baseline). The most common medication used with potential urological activity was a thiazide diuretic (24.3%), followed by estrogen (22.2%); alpha blockers were the least commonly used (2.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that current users of alpha blockers (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.98, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.96–12.64) and estrogen (AOR=1.60, 95% CI=1.08–2.36) had a greater risk of urinary incontinence than nonusers. There was no greater risk (P>.05) of urinary incontinence with the current use of anticholinergics, central nervous system medications, or diuretics. No statistically significant race‐by–medication use interactions were found (all P>.05).CONCLUSION: These results corroborate earlier reports that, in elderly women, use of alpha blockers or estrogens is associated with risk of self‐reported incident urinary incontinence.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is a Promising Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary
Authors: Mabuchi Seiji , Kawase Chiaki , Altomare Deborah A. , Morishige Kenichirou , Hayashi Masami , Sawada Kenjiro , Ito Kimihiko , Terai Yoshito , Nishio Yukihiro , Klein-Szanto Andres J. , Burger Robert A. , Ohmichi Masahide , Testa Joseph R. , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This study examines the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a therapeutic target in clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary, which has been regarded as a chemoresistant histologic subtype. Immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarrays of 98 primary ovarian cancers revealed that VEGF was strongly expressed both in early-stage and advanced-stage CCC of the ovary. In early-stage CCCs, patients who had tumors with high levels of VEGF had significantly shorter survival than those with low levels of VEGF. In vitro experiments revealed that VEGF expression was significantly higher in cisplatin-refractory human CCC cells (RMG1-CR and KOC7C-CR), compared with the respective parental cells (RMG1 and KOC7C) in the presence of cisplatin. In vivo treatment with bevacizumab markedly inhibited the growth of both parental CCC cell–derived (RMG1 and KOC7C) and cisplatin-refractory CCC cell–derived (RMG1-CR and KOC7C-CR) tumors as a result of inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. The results of the current study indicate that VEGF is frequently expressed and can be a promising therapeutic target in the management of CCC. Bevacizumab may be efficacious not only as a first-line treatment but also as a second-line treatment of recurrent disease in patients previously treated with cisplatin. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2411–22. ©2010 AACR.
Dinaciclib (SCH 727965), a Novel and Potent Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Parry David , Guzi Timothy , Shanahan Frances , Davis Nicole , Prabhavalkar Deepa , Wiswell Derek , Seghezzi Wolfgang , Paruch Kamil , Dwyer Michael P. , Doll Ronald , Nomeir Amin , Windsor William , Fischmann Thierry , Wang Yaolin , Oft Martin , Chen Taiying , Kirschmeier Paul , Lees Emma M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) are key positive regulators of cell cycle progression and attractive targets in oncology. SCH 727965 inhibits CDK2, CDK5, CDK1, and CDK9 activity in vitro with IC50 values of 1, 1, 3, and 4 nmol/L, respectively. SCH 727965 was selected as a clinical candidate using a functional screen in vivo that integrated both efficacy and safety parameters. Compared with flavopiridol, SCH 727965 exhibits superior activity with an improved therapeutic index. In cell-based assays, SCH 727965 completely suppressed retinoblastoma phosphorylation, which correlated with apoptosis onset and total inhibition of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in &gt;100 tumor cell lines of diverse origin and background. Moreover, short exposures to SCH 727965 were sufficient for long-lasting cellular effects. SCH 727965 induced regression of established solid tumors in a range of mouse models following intermittent scheduling of doses below the maximally tolerated level. This was associated with modulation of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in skin punch biopsies and rapidly reversible, mechanism-based effects on hematologic parameters. These results suggest that SCH 727965 is a potent and selective CDK inhibitor and a novel cytotoxic agent. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2344–53. ©2010 AACR.
Implicit Processing of Phonotactic Cues: Evidence from Electrophysiological and Vascular Responses
Authors: Rossi Sonja , Jürgenson Ina B. , Hanulíková Adriana , Telkemeyer Silke , Wartenburger Isabell , Obrig Hellmuth 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Spoken word recognition is achieved via competition between activated lexical candidates that match the incoming speech input. The competition is modulated by prelexical cues that are important for segmenting the auditory speech stream into linguistic units. One such prelexical cue that listeners rely on in spoken word recognition is phonotactics. Phonotactics defines possible combinations of phonemes within syllables or words in a given language. The present study aimed at investigating both temporal and topographical aspects of the neuronal correlates of phonotactic processing by simultaneously applying ERPs and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Pseudowords, either phonotactically legal or illegal with respect to the participants' native language, were acoustically presented to passively listening adult native German speakers. ERPs showed a larger N400 effect for phonotactically legal compared to illegal pseudowords, suggesting stronger lexical activation mechanisms in phonotactically legal material. fNIRS revealed a left hemispheric network including fronto-temporal regions with greater response to phonotactically legal pseudowords than to illegal pseudowords. This confirms earlier hypotheses on a left hemispheric dominance of phonotactic processing most likely due to the fact that phonotactics is related to phonological processing and represents a segmental feature of language comprehension. These segmental linguistic properties of a stimulus are predominantly processed in the left hemisphere. Thus, our study provides first insights into temporal and topographical characteristics of phonotactic processing mechanisms in a passive listening task. Differential brain responses between known and unknown phonotactic rules thus supply evidence for an implicit use of phonotactic cues to guide lexical activation mechanisms.