bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stationary coupled KdV systems and their Stäckel representations
Authors: Szablikowski Błażej M. , Błaszak Maciej , Marciniak Krzysztof 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate stationary coupled Korteweg–de Vries (cKdV) systems and prove that every ‐field stationary cKdV system can be written, after a careful reparameterization of jet variables, as a classical separable Stäckel system in different ways. For each of these parameterizations, we present an explicit map between the jet variables and the separation variables of the system. Finally, we show that each pair of Stäckel representations of the same stationary cKdV system, when considered in the phase space extended by Casimir variables, is connected by an appropriate finite‐dimensional Miura map, which leads to an ‐Hamiltonian formulation for the stationary cKdV system.
Conservative management of multiple odontogenic keratocysts in a child with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: A case report
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , de Lima Kawhan Felipe Alves , de Oliveira Filho Osias Vieira , Simonato Luciana Estevam , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Tomo Saygo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), which are a hallmark feature of the syndrome. The treatment of these OKC poses challenges due to their high recurrence rates and the myriad of management options available.Case ReportWe describe here a case of NBCCS diagnosed in an 11‐year‐old girl who presented with multiple OKC in the jaws. Chest and cranial radiographs showed no abnormalities in the ribs and the cerebral falx, respectively. Cephalometric analysis indicated mandibular retrusion, a skeletal class II relationship, and a convex profile. The treatment approach involved a personalized strategy tailored for each cyst, comprising marsupialization followed by enucleation. This approach aimed to minimize surgical trauma and to reduce the risk of recurrence. The patient underwent regular follow‐up appointments, demonstrating successful outcomes with no signs of recurrence or de novo OKC observed over a 32‐month period.ConclusionClinicians should consider lesion characteristics and patient cooperation when determining treatment strategies for the optimization of outcomes for children and adolescents with NBCCS and multiple OKC.
Changes in running economy and attainable maximal oxygen consumption in response to prolonged running: The impact of training status
Authors: Unhjem Runar Jakobsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring prolonged running at moderate‐to‐high intensity, running economy (RE) deteriorates and attainable maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) decreases. Whether these changes appear similarly in trained and untrained runners exercising at the same relative intensity is not clear. We recruited 10 trained runners (TR) and 10 active adults (AA), and compared RE and attainable VO2max before and after 1 h of running at 70% of VO2max. Submaximal VO2 increased more (p = 0.019) in AA (0.20 ± 0.13 L min−1) than in TR (0.07 ± 0.05 L min−1). Attainable VO2max decreased in AA (−0.21 ± 0.15 L min−1, p = 0.002), but remained unchanged in TR (−0.05 ± 0.10 L min−1, p = 0.18). Relative intensity (i.e., VO2/attainable VO2max), increased more (p = 0.001) in AA (8.3 ± 4.4%) than in TR (2.6 ± 1.9%). These results demonstrate that the ability to resist changes in RE and VO2max following prolonged running is superior in trained versus untrained runners, when exercising at the same relative intensity.
Civility norm violations and political accountability
Authors: Cagle Drew , Davis Nicholas T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis short article investigates how violations of civility norms by politicians affect attitudes about the importance of norms and demand for political accountability after wrongdoing.ResultsOur main findings are twofold: (1) support for norms and (2) demand for punishing norm‐breaking increases when parties hold political officials accountable for their actions—especially in the case of in‐group norm‐breaking.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to a growing literature on Americans’ support for norms by implying that elites play an important role in sustaining the standards of democratic exchange. When elites impose punishment on copartisan elites, they signal to the public that accountability is acceptable.
Redefining Ormyridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) with establishment of subfamilies and description of new genera
Authors: van Noort Simon , Mitroiu Mircea‐Dan , Burks Roger , Gibson Gary , Hanson Paul , Heraty John , Janšta Petr , Cruaud Astrid , Rasplus Jean‐Yves 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe circumscription of the family Ormyridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) is revised after phylogenetic analysis based on ultra‐conserved elements (UCEs) and comparative morphological assessment of the chalcid ‘Gall Clade’. Six genera are treated in the family, including two new genera, Halleriaphagus van Noort and Burks, gen. nov., and Ouma Mitroiu, gen. nov. One genus, Eubeckerella Narendran, is re‐assigned to the family, and Ormyrulus Bouček is synonymised with Ormyrus Westwood, syn. nov., resulting in the new combination Ormyrus gibbus (Bouček), comb. nov. The six genera are classified in three subfamilies, two of which are newly described, Asparagobiinae van Noort, Burks, Mitroiu and Rasplus, subfam. nov., and Hemadinae van Noort, Burks, Mitroiu and Rasplus, subfam. nov. Halleriaphagus is established for the newly described type species Halleriaphagus phagolucida van Noort and Burks, sp. nov., and Ouma is erected for O. daleskeyae Mitroiu, sp. nov., and O. emazantsi Mitroiu, sp. nov. Asparagobius is revised with description of Asparagobius bouceki van Noort, sp. nov., and Asparagobius copelandi Rasplus and van Noort, sp. nov. Asparagobius and Halleriaphagus are classified in Asparagobiinae, Hemadas in Hemadinae and Eubeckerella, Ormyrus and Ouma in Ormyrinae. The molecular support defining the ormyrid clade is corroborated by the proposed morphological synapomorphy of a foliaceous prepectus overlying the tegula base. Identification keys to the genera of Ormyridae and to the species of Asparagobius and Ouma are provided. Online Lucid identification keys and images of all the species treated herein are available at: http://www.waspweb.org.Zoobank Registration: LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8811695B-EE57-4C18-A6B6-E63D267E2373.
Cerebral blood flow regulation in hypobaric hypoxia: role of haemoconcentration
Authors: Turner Rachel , Rasmussen Peter , Gatterer Hannes , Tremblay Joshua C. , Roche Johanna , Strapazzon Giacomo , Roveri Giulia , Lawley Justin , Siebenmann Christoph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring acute hypoxic exposure, cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases to compensate for the reduced arterial oxygen content (CaO2). Nevertheless, as exposure extends, both CaO2 and CBF progressively normalize. Haemoconcentration is the primary mechanism underlying the CaO2 restoration and may therefore explain, at least in part, the CBF normalization. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that reversing the haemoconcentration associated with extended hypoxic exposure returns CBF towards the values observed in acute hypoxia. Twenty‐three healthy lowlanders (12 females) completed two identical 4‐day sojourns in a hypobaric chamber, one in normoxia (NX) and one in hypobaric hypoxia (HH, 3500 m). CBF was measured by ultrasound after 1, 6, 12, 48 and 96 h and compared between sojourns to assess the time course of changes in CBF. In addition, CBF was measured at the end of the HH sojourn after hypervolaemic haemodilution. Compared with NX, CBF was increased in HH after 1 h (P = 0.001) but similar at all later time points (all P > 0.199). Haemoglobin concentration was higher in HH than NX from 12 h to 96 h (all P < 0.001). While haemodilution reduced haemoglobin concentration from 14.8 ± 1.0 to 13.9 ± 1.2 g·dl−1 (P < 0.001), it did not increase CBF (974 ± 282 to 872 ± 200 ml·min−1; P = 0.135). We thus conclude that, at least at this moderate altitude, haemoconcentration is not the primary mechanism underlying CBF normalization with acclimatization. These data ostensibly reflect the fact that CBF regulation at high altitude is a complex process that integrates physiological variables beyond CaO2.
imageKey points
Acute hypoxia causes an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, as exposure extends, CBF progressively normalizes.
We investigated whether hypoxia‐induced haemoconcentration contributes to the normalization of CBF during extended hypoxia.
Following 4 days of hypobaric hypoxic exposure (corresponding to 3500 m altitude), we measured CBF before and after abolishing hypoxia‐induced haemoconcentration by hypervolaemic haemodilution.
Contrary to our hypothesis, the haemodilution did not increase CBF in hypoxia.
Our findings do not support haemoconcentration as a stimulus for the CBF normalization during extended hypoxia.
Coaching Across Borders: Lessons From Finnish High-Performance Ice Hockey Coaches
Authors: Bespomoshchnov Vladislav A. , Mallett Clifford J. , Saarinen Mika , Vähälummukka Mika , Arvaja Markus 
Published: April 2024

Sport coaching has become globalized. Finnish ice hockey is an example of this globalization of a coaching workforce. Indeed, the success of Finnish ice hockey teams in the international arena has been fueling the demand for coaches and players from this country worldwide. Yet, despite the increasing trends of migration of the workforce in sports, there is limited research that is conducted on the experiences of foreign coaches. Thus, in this study, we aimed to expand our understanding of the work of high-performance coaches in the globalized sports context. A case study design was adopted. The participants were 14 Finnish high-performance head coaches with transnational career experiences across 11 nations. Qualitative data were collected via semistructured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis guided how the authors made sense of these data. Three major themes were (a) preparation practices, (b) acculturation, and (c) emerging learning experiences. The findings provide helpful insights for (a) coach developers when preparing practitioners to work in different cultural settings, (b) club administrators to further inform their decisions when recruiting and working with foreign coaches, and (c) sports’ governing bodies to develop policies to support coaches’ acculturation in the new country.
Performance characteristics of highly automated HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG testing
Authors: Crawford Katharine H. D. , Selke Stacy , Pepper Gregory , Goecker Erin , Sobel Aniela , Wald Anna , Johnston Christine , Greninger Alexander L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are one of the most common and stigmatized infections of humankind, affecting more than 4 billion people around the world and more than 100 million Americans. Yet, most people do not know their infection status, and antibody testing is not recommended, partly due to poor test performance. Here, we compared the test performance of the Roche Elecsys HSV-1 IgG and HSV-2 IgG, DiaSorin LIAISON HSV-1/2 IgG, and Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG assays with the gold-standard HSV western blot in 1,994 persons, including 1,017 persons with PCR or culture-confirmed HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 infection. Across all samples, the Bio-Rad and Roche assays had similar performance metrics with low sensitivity (<85%) but high specificity (>97%) for detecting HSV-1 IgG and both high sensitivity (>97%) and high specificity (>98%) for detecting HSV-2 IgG. The DiaSorin assay had a higher sensitivity (92.1%) but much lower specificity (88.7%) for detecting HSV-1 IgG and comparatively poor sensitivity (94.5%) and specificity (94.2%) for detecting HSV-2 IgG. The DiaSorin assay performed poorly at low-positive index values with 60.9% of DiaSorin HSV-1 results and 20.8% of DiaSorin HSV-2 results with positive index values <3.0 yielding false positive results. Based on an estimated HSV-2 seroprevalence of 12% in the United States, positive predictive values for HSV-2 IgG were 96.1% for Roche, 87.4% for Bio-Rad, and 69.0% for DiaSorin, meaning nearly one of every three positive DiaSorin HSV-2 IgG results would be falsely positive. Further development in HSV antibody diagnostics is needed to provide appropriate patient care.

IMPORTANCE
Serological screening for HSV infections is currently not recommended in part due to the poor performance metrics of widely used commercial HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG assays. Here, we compare three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared automated HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG assays to the gold-standard western blot across nearly 2,000 samples. We find that not all commercially available HSV assays are created equal, with comparably low sensitivities for HSV-1 IgG across platforms and high false positivity rates for DiaSorin on HSV-2 IgG. This study is the first large-scale comparison of performance metrics for the Bio-Rad and Roche assays in over 10 years. Our study confirms that there remains room for improvement in HSV serological diagnostic testing—especially in regard to low sensitivities for HSV-1 IgG detection—and highlights that some previously less-studied assays may have better performance metrics than previously considered typical of commercially available HSV-2 IgG assays.
Integrating safety, security, sustainability, and social responsibility principles into the U.S. bioeconomy
Authors: Attal-Juncqua Aurelia , Getz John , Morhard Ryan , Gronvall Gigi Kwik 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Bioindustrial manufacturing is undergoing rapid expansion and investment and is seen as integral to nations’ economic progress. Ensuring that bioindustrial manufacturing benefits society as the field expands is of critical, urgent importance. To better understand the industry’s ethical trajectory and to shape policy, we explored the views of biotechnology leaders on four aspects of ethical and social responsibility—safety, security, social responsibility, and sustainability—what we have termed “4S principles.” We identified policy actions governments and other stakeholders may take to maximize societal benefits in industrial biotechnology.

IMPORTANCE
We analyzed biotech leaders’ views on safety, security, social responsibility, and sustainability to recommend policies to maximize benefits and economic growth.
Multiple pathways impact the swarming motility of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pf0-1
Authors: Pastora Alexander B. , Rzasa Kara M. , O’Toole George A. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Swarming motility in pseudomonads typically requires both a functional flagellum and the production/secretion of a biosurfactant. Published work has shown that the wild-type
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pf0-1 is swarming deficient due to a point mutation in the
gacA
gene, which until recently was thought to inactivate rather than attenuate the Gac/Rsm pathway. As a result, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate swarming motility by
P. fluorescens
Pf0-1. Here, we demonstrate that a Δ
rsmA
Δ
rsmE
Δ
rsmI
mutant, which phenotypically mimics Gac/Rsm pathway overstimulation, is proficient at swarming motility. RsmA and RsmE appear to play a key role in this regulation. Transposon mutagenesis of the Δ
rsmA
Δ
rsmE
Δ
rsmI
mutant identified multiple factors that impact swarming motility, including pathways involved in flagellar synthesis and biosurfactant production/secretion. We find that loss of genes linked to biosurfactant Gacamide A biosynthesis or secretion impacts swarming motility, as does loss of the alternative sigma factor FliA, which results in a defect in flagellar function. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that
P. fluorescens
Pf0-1 can swarm if the Gac/Rsm pathway is activated, highlight the regulatory complexity of swarming motility in this strain, and demonstrate that the cyclic lipopeptide Gacamide A is utilized as a biosurfactant for swarming motility.

IMPORTANCE

Swarming motility is a coordinated process that allows communities of bacteria to collectively move across a surface. For
P. fluorescens
Pf0-1, this phenotype is notably absent in the parental strain, and to date, little is known about the regulation of swarming in this strain. Here, we identify RsmA and RsmE as key repressors of swarming motility
via
modulating the levels of biosurfactant production/secretion. Using transposon mutagenesis and subsequent genetic analyses, we further identify potential regulatory mechanisms of swarming motility and link Gacamide A biosynthesis and transport machinery to swarming motility.
Could traces of fluoroquinolones in food induce ciprofloxacin resistance in
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
? An
in vivo
study in
Galleria mellonella
with important implications for maximum residue limits in food
Authors: Gestels Zina , Baranchyk Yuliia , Van den Bossche Dorien , Laumen Jolein , Abdellati Said , Britto Xavier Basil , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Kenyon Chris 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

We hypothesized that the residual concentrations of fluoroquinolones allowed in food (acceptable daily intake—ADIs) could select for ciprofloxacin resistance in our resident microbiota. We developed models of chronic
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
infection in
Galleria mellonella
larvae and exposed them to ADI doses of ciprofloxacin via single dosing and daily dosing regimens. The emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance was assessed via isolation of the target bacteria in selective agar plates. Exposure to as low as one-tenth of the ADI dose of the single and daily dosing regimens of ciprofloxacin resulted in the selection of ciprofloxacin resistance in
K. pneumoniae
but not
E. coli
. This resistance was associated with cross-resistance to doxycycline and ceftriaxone. Whole genome sequencing revealed inactivating mutations in the transcription repressors,
ramR
and
rrf2
, as well as mutations in
gyrA
and
gyrB
. We found that ciprofloxacin doses 10-fold lower than those classified as acceptable for daily intake could induce resistance to ciprofloxacin in
K. pneumoniae
. These results suggest that it would be prudent to include the induction of antimicrobial resistance as a significant criterion for determining ADIs and the associated maximum residue limits in food.

IMPORTANCE

This study found that the concentrations of ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin allowed in food can induce
de novo
ciprofloxacin resistance in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. This suggests that it would be prudent to reconsider the criteria used to determine “safe” upper concentration limits in food.
Personalised prediction of maintenance dialysis initiation in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5: a multicentre study using the machine learning approach
Authors: Hoang Anh Trung , Nguyen Phung-Anh , Phan Thanh Phuc , Do Gia Tuyen , Nguyen Huu Dung , Chiu I-Jen , Chou Chu-Lin , Ko Yu-Chen , Chang Tzu-Hao , Huang Chih-Wei , Iqbal Usman , Hsu Yung-Ho , Wu Mai-Szu , Liao Chia-Te 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundOptimal timing for initiating maintenance dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5 is challenging. This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model for early personalised prediction of maintenance dialysis initiation within 1-year and 3-year timeframes among patients with CKD stages 3–5.MethodsRetrospective electronic health record data from the Taipei Medical University clinical research database were used. Newly diagnosed patients with CKD stages 3–5 between 2008 and 2017 were identified. The observation period spanned from the diagnosis of CKD stages 3–5 until the maintenance dialysis initiation or a maximum follow-up of 3 years. Predictive models were developed using patient demographics, comorbidities, laboratory data and medications. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets to ensure robust model performance. Model evaluation metrics, including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and F1 score, were employed.ResultsA total of 6123 and 5279 patients were included for 1 year and 3 years of the model development. The artificial neural network demonstrated better performance in predicting maintenance dialysis initiation within 1 year and 3 years, with AUC values of 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. Important features such as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria significantly contributed to the predictive model.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the efficacy of an ML approach in developing a highly predictive model for estimating the timing of maintenance dialysis initiation in patients with CKD stages 3–5. These findings have important implications for personalised treatment strategies, enabling improved clinical decision-making and potentially enhancing patient outcomes.
Air leak test in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (ALTIPICU): rationale and protocol for a prospective multicentre observational study
Authors: Lacarra Boris , Hayotte Aurélie , Naudin Jérôme , Maroni Arielle , Geslain Guillaume , Poncelet Géraldine , Levy Michael , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Dauger Stéphane 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn children, respiratory distress due to upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a common complication of extubation. The quantitative cuff-leak test (qtCLT) is a simple, rapid and non-invasive test that has not been extensively studied in children. The objective of the ongoing study whose protocol is reported here is to investigate how well the qtCLT predicts UAO-related postextubation respiratory distress in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients.Methods and analysisAir Leak Test in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit is a multicentre, prospective, observational study that will recruit 900 patients who are aged 2 days post-term to 17 years and ventilated through a cuffed endotracheal tube for at least 24 hours in any of 19 French PICUs. Within an hour of planned extubation, the qtCLT will be performed as a sequence of six measurements of the tidal volume with the cuff inflated then deflated. The primary outcome is the occurrence within 48 hours after extubation of severe UAO defined as combining a requirement for intravenous corticosteroid therapy and/or ventilator support by high-flow nasal cannula and/or by non-invasive ventilation or repeat invasive mechanical ventilation with a Westley score ≥4 with at least one point for stridor at each initiation. The results of the study are expected to identify risk factors for UAO-related postextubation respiratory distress and extubation failure, thereby identifying patient subgroups most likely to require preventive interventions. It will also determine whether qtCLT appears to be a reliable method to predict an increased risk for postextubation adverse events as severe UAO.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Robert Debré University Hospital institutional review board (IRB) on September 2021 (approval #2021578). The report of Robert Debré University Hospital IRB is valid for all sites, given the nature of the study with respect to the French law. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT05328206.