bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rôle of compounds containing phosphorus in the colloidal behaviour of potato protein
Authors: Hofstee J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn investigation has been made on the influence of the phosphorus containing compounds in the potato on the solubility of potato protein. It seems probable that only part of the protein is made insoluble by the simultaneous precipitation of phosphorus containing compounds and protein. The remainder is made insoluble by negatively charged compounds containing no phosphorus.
Analysis of textile auxiliary products
Authors: van der Hoeve J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn attempt has been made, in the domain of washing, wetting, retarding agents and emulsifiers to produce a system of qualitative analysis which embraces more groups of compounds within this field than has been the case up to the present. To this end various new tests are introduced such as: the Resolin B‐Solidogen BSE test, the KI3 test, the ammonium cobalt thiocyanate test, the Chlorantinlichtbraun BRLL test, the diazo test, the starch iodine test, alkaline distillation, the heating test and the acid heating test.
The determination of the hardness of organic films
Authors: Hoekstra Joh. , Nijveld H. A. W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn apparatus is described for the determination of the indentation hardness of organic films. The deepness of the indentation can be measured with an accuracy of 0.1 μ. The measurement is performed during the application of the force.A few results are given, indicating how the hardness of some lacquer films changes with time and thickness of the layer.
A new micro‐method for the analysis of gaseous hydrocarbons, based on high‐vacuum evaporation
Authors: Smittenberg J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAbout 0.5 ml of the gas mixture is condensed in a vessel cooled with liquid nitrogen and evaporated in the vacuum of a diffusion pump, first at −196° and subsequently at a gradually increasing temperature. The evaporated gases are collected in an evacuated chamber, where the pressure rise is measured continually. From the pressure‐time curve the relative amounts of C1, C2, C3 and C4 follow immediately, while in a limited number of cases the amount of ethene by the side of ethane and the amount of isobutane by the side of n‐butane, can be measured separately.The principle of the method: higher separation efficiency at decreasing pressure, may be applied in general to all kinds of sufficiently volatile substances of which only tiny quantities are available for analysis.
On the use of the rotating step sector in combination with intermittent light sources in spectrochemical analysis III
Authors: Schmidt R. , Manders H. , van Wijk G. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn a previous paper R. Schmidt, Rec. trav. chim. 65, 825 (1947).
evidence was given that a step sector yields the same calibration curve for a photographic emulsion with either an intermittent light source or a continuous one, provided the emulsion has a negligible intermittency effect under the prevailing conditions. The data of that paper are now presented in a new way, based on that of the two‐line method and the use of densities, transformed according to Seidel, which permits more definite conclusions.Evidence is given that the step sector yields the same calibration curve as the two‐line method, in cases where it may be applied.The precision of both methods is compared; the step sector method proving to be less precise than the two‐line method.
Cylindrical diffusion with a discontinuous boundary
Authors: Vreedenberg H. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn continuation of the article of HermansJ. J. Hermans. J. Colloid Sci. 2, 387 (1947).
the theory is treated of the cylindrical diffusion in a medium with immobile “holes”, in which the diffusing particles are caught. This theory gives a better description of Hermans's observations than a formula of Bungenberg de Jong applied by him.
Determination of the oil content of waxy oils
Authors: Mazee W. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new method is described to determine the oil content of waxy oils. The oil content is determined as a function of the pour point of the dewaxed oil. The waxy oil is dissolved in a mixture of butanone and toluene of a suitable composition, after which part of the wax is precipitated by cooling the solution down to certain temperatures and separated by filtration. The oil in the wax cake is removed by repeated stirring with fresh solvent. By successively adding the extracts of the wax cake to the dewaxed oil and repeating the pour point determination, the maximum quantity of oil of a certain pour point is determined.
The determination of carbazole in anthracene
Authors: Strafford N. , Stubbings W. V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnthracene used in certain industrial processes must be substantially free from carbazole. No simple method, suitable for the routine determination of the carbazole content of semi‐refined and refined technical anthracenes ‐ containing up to about 6 % and less than 1 % carbazole respectively ‐ appears to be available in the literature. An investigation which ultimately led to the development of a suitable method was accordingly undertaken. The results are summarised in the present paper.
The velocity of ozonisation of benzene and its homologues
Authors: van Dijk J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt appears from velocity measurements of the ozonisation of benzene, toluene, m‐xylene, mesitylene and hexamethylbenzene that the reactivity of these substanees increases in the order mentioned. The order of the reaction could not be determined in the case of benzene, toluene and m‐xylene. With mesitylene the reaction is apparently quatermolecular and with hexamethylbenzene it is apparently bimolecular.The results of comparative velocity measurements with mixtures of benzene and toluene are not in disagreement with direct velocity measurements.
A new method for the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. Preparation of β‐methylcinnamic aldehyde, citral and β‐ionylidene acetaldehyde
Authors: Arens J. F. , van Dorp D. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEthoxyacetylene carbinols can be partially hydrogenated to the corresponding ethylenecarbinols, which on hydrolysis yield α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. β‐ionylidene acetaldehyde VI could be obtained in fair yield starting from β‐ionone III (magnified image). This substance was identical with the β‐ionylidene acetaldehyde, described by Kuhn and Morris. Citral and β‐methylcinnamic aldehyde were prepared also.
Études dans la série du thiophène. II). Sur quelques acides et cétones de la série du thiophène, et leurs dérivés
Authors: Buu‐Hoï Ng. Ph. , Hoán Nguyen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDans ce travail, on décrit la préparation et les propriétés de plusieurs acides dérivés du thiophène, du 2‐bromothiophène, des 2 thiotolénes, et du 2,5‐diméthylthiophène. Les méthodes utilisées pour préparer ces acides sont l'oxydation des méthylcétones par l'hypobromite de Na, pour les acides nucléaires, et la réaction de Willgerodt pour les acides à carboxyles extranucléaires. De nombreuses amides substituées dérivant de ces divers acides ont été préparées et comparées avec leurs isologues appartenant aux séries benzénique et furanique. A partir des chlorures de certains de ces acides et au moyen de la réaction de Friedel‐Crafts, on a préparé une série de cétones nouvelles, dont certaines ont été converties en α, β, β‐triaryléthènes à noyau thiophène. Avec les mêmes chlorures d'acides et les magnésiens du pyrrol et de l'indol, on a obtenu de nombreuses cétones, dont certaines ont pu être méthylées à l'azote. Quelques autres composés hétérocycliques azotés à noyau thiophène (benzacridines, phénanthridines, benzimidazols) ont aussi été synthétisés; des isologues furaniques de plusieurs des substances ci‐dessus ont été préparés à titre comparatif. Enfin, la chlorométhylation du 2,5‐thioxène est décrite, ainsi que des réactions de Pfitzinger avec les acétylthiotolènes.
3‐Nitrobenzene‐(1‐azo‐4)‐1‐naphthol. Discrepancies in the literature VI
Authors: van Alphen J. , Drost G. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract3‐Nitrobenzene‐(1 azo 4)‐1‐naphthol has been examined, as contradictory data concerning it are found in the literature.
The electrolytic reduction of pyridine monocarboxylic acids to methylpyridines. (76th communication on pyridine and quinoline derivatives). Preliminary communication
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Boer H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBy the electrolytic reduction of pyridine 2‐ and 4‐carboxylic acids respectively at a lead or mercury cathode, 2‐ and 4‐methylpyridine, respectively have been obtained in yields of 30‐35%. The reduction product from pyridine 3‐carboxylic acid has not yet been identified.
Steric effects on mesomerism. III). Estimation of the direct influence of substituents on the rate of deacylation ofortho‐ andpara‐nitro‐acetanilide
Authors: Wepster B. M. , Verkade P. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper contains data on the rates of “catalytic” deacylation of derivatives ofortho‐ andpara‐nitro‐acetanilide in which steric effects on mesomerism are absent, especially 1‐acetylamino‐2‐nitro‐4‐R‐benzene, 1‐acetyl‐amino‐2‐nitro‐5‐R‐benzene and 1‐acetylamino‐4‐nitro‐6‐R‐benzene. Comparison of these rates with those ofortho‐ orpara‐nitro‐acetanilide gives the (“direct”) influence of the respective substituents inpara‐, meta‐ andortho‐position to the acetylamino group. The results, which will be used in subsequent papers, are nearly always in qualitative agreement with current electronic theory.
Pharmacologically active biurets containing piperidine and their related compounds
Authors: Anderson Hamilton H. , Ch'eng Charles H. , Sah Peter P. T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to find out what chemical groups are responsible for the favorable pharmacologic properties of biurets reported by Hill and Degnan5), four new biurets were synthesized, namely 1,1,5‐triphenyl (1), 1‐phenyl‐5,5‐pentamethylene (II), 5,5‐pentamethylene (III), and 1,1,5,5,‐bis(pentamethylene) (IV). I was obtained from dry diphenylamine and the azide of phenyl‐oxamic acid. The same azide with piperidine gave compound II, while III was obtained from the azide of oxamic acid and piperidine. IV was prepared by the following series of reactions: (a) Diethyl oxalate, heated with a calculated amount of dry piperidine at 150°, gave ethyl N,N‐pentamethylene oxamate (V). (b) V condensed with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol and gave the hydrazide of N,N‐pentamethylene oxamic acid (VI). (c) VI, diazotized in the cold, gave the azide of N,N‐pentamethylene oxalic acid (VII). (d) VII reacted with dry piperidine in dry boiling benzene and gave compound IV.The results of pharmacologic studies indicated that (1) the benzene ring imparts to the biuret molecule toxic properties; (2) the piperidine ring endows to the biuret molecule favorable hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties; and (3) the biuret chain seems to be associated with the reduction of toxicity. Of the four new biurets studied, only IV was found to possess valuable properties. It resembles sodium pentobarbital in its pharmacologic action and is only one tenth as toxic.
Derivatives of bis (4‐aminophenyl)‐sulfone I. Vitamin C Derivatives of Bis (4‐aminophenyl)‐sulfone and Related Sulfa Drugs
Authors: Sah Peter P. T. , Daniels T. C. , Chen K. K. , Kleiderer E. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn order to improve the chemotherapeutic value of bis (4‐aminophenyl)‐sulfone, an agent active against tuberculosis, leprosy, and a number of bacterial infections but too toxic for clinical use, it was condensed with vitamin C (1‐ascorbic acid) in methanol solution to form a crystalline product.This new derivative has a LD 50 of 987.7 ± 94.8 mg per kilo (mice, oral). Compared with the LD 50 of bis (4‐aminophenyl)‐sulfone, which is 12.6 mg/kilo (mice, oral), the vitamin C derivative is only one eightieth as toxic. In a concentration of 0.2 mg per 10 cm3 culture, it inhibited completely the growth of T. B. from 96 to 168 hours; in a concentration of 0.02 mg per 10 cm3 culture, it was found to be still bacteriostatic.The vitamin C derivatives of sulfa drugs were also prepared and studied.The antitubercular activity of the vitamin C derivatives of sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine and sulfamerazine was found to be of the same magnitude as salicylacetone, which inhibited completely the growth of T.B. in a concentration of 2 mg per 10 cm3 culture.
Composition and vapour pressures of aqueous solutions of ammmonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide
Authors: van Krevelen D. W. , Hoftijzer P. J. , Huntjens F. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVapour pressures of aqueous solutions containing ammonia and carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide or ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, have been determined at temperatures from 20‐60° C. Dissolved hydrogen sulphide is present almost completely in the form of ammonium hydrosulphide. Dissolved carbon dioxide is present in the form of carbonate, bicarbonate and carbamate of ammonium.The experimental vapour pressure data are interpreted from the viewpoint of the ionic equilibria in the solutions. The numerical values of the equilibrium constants have been derived.A method is described enabling one to calculate the vapour pressure for arbitrary compositions of the solutions.Diagrams are given for the vapour pressures of the two‐component system ammonia‐carbon dioxide, as a function of the total ammonia content and the ratio R (= total carbon dioxide/total ammonia). From these diagrams also the vapour pressures of the three‐component system ammonia‐carbon dioxide‐hydrogen sulphide can be derived approximatively.
Studies of gas absorption: V. Mass transfer in film reactors (wetted wall columns)
Authors: van Krevelen D. W. , Hoftijzer P. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMeasurements of mass transfer coefficients in film reactors are reported.Turbulence due to entrance effects is shown to explain why mass transfer coefficients in the gas film may be proportional to the 0.8th power of mass velocity even, within the region where streamline flow is normal. It is shown that the velocity profile of gas flow is completely developed only when the apparatus is longer than 25 times the diameter.A theoretical expression for mass transfer in the liquid film is derived. This expression is valid for Reynolds numbers below 25.At higher Reynolds numbers, turbulence in the exterior parts of the layer begins to play a part.
On the existence of solid hydrides of arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Brink C. , Dallinga G. , Nivard R. J. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA critical study was made of the literature describing the formation of solid hydrides of arsenic, antimony and bismuth, and the experiments of Weeks and Druce and others were repeated. From determinations of hydrogen content by heating the products in vacuo and from Röntgen patterns, it was proved that we never obtained solid hydrides. We conclude that the existence of solid hydrides of arsenic, antimony and bismuth is still questionable.
Les Propriétés du Groupe Sulfonyle IV: L'addition de Diazométhane à des Sulfones Cycliques non Saturées
Authors: Backer H. J. , Dost N. , Knotnerus J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLe comportement de quelques sulfones cycliques non saturées vis‐à‐vis du diazométhane forme l'objet de cette étude.Ni en position α, ni en position β par rapport au groupe sulfonyle, une double liaison cyclique ne réagit avec le diazométhane dans les conditions usuelles. Cependant, lorsque la sulfone renferme deux doubles liaisons conjuguées, elle est à méme d'additionner une molécule de diazométhane, en donnant naissance à un dérivé de pyrazoline. Les deux doubles liaisons peuvent faire partie du cycle (thiophènesulfones) ou l'une d'elles peut ètre fixée au cycle en position semicyclique (3‐méthyl‐4‐méthylène‐thiacyclopentène‐2–1,1‐dioxyde).Les pyrazolines obtenues perdent, sous l'action de la chaleur, une molécule d'azote, en abandonnant des dérivés du cyclopropane.
A contribution to the knowledge on metanethole
Authors: van der Zanden J. M. , de Vries G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOxidation of metanethole, , with sodium bichromate in acetic acid afforded 2‐anisoylanisic acid magnified image and an orange coloured product of the formula C18H14O4, melting at 180–180.5°. This latter product on further oxidation also gave 2‐anisoylanisic acid and by another route an acid ‐ probably dibasic ‐ with an equivalent of 164 and melting at 213–214°. These results led us to suggest a preliminary structural formula for metanethole, which was not published.Only at a later date did we learn of a research by Baker and Enderby1), who arrived at a formula which differed from our tentative one.We then carried out two syntheses, which afforded the same product, the formula of which when set up in one plane is identical with that ascribed to metanethole by the above investigators. The substance was not identical with metanethole, however.
Synthesis of 2‐amino‐5‐ethoxypyridine
Authors: den Hertog H. J. , Jouwersma C. , van der Wal A. A. , Willebrands‐Schogt E. C. C. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract2‐Amino‐5‐ethoxypyridine has been synthesised starting from 2‐amino‐pyridine and 3‐ethoxypyridine. The synthesis from 2‐aminopyridine via 2‐amino‐5‐bromopyridine is not a feasible method of preparation because of the occurrence of various side‐reactions in the action of sodium ethylate on the latter substance in the presence of copper powder as a catalyst. The bromine atom is then replaced mainly by hydrogen instead of by ethoxyl, while simultaneously, one of the hydrogen atoms in the amino group is replaced by an ethyl group. An alternative route via 5‐bromo‐2‐nitro‐pyridine leads to no better result, since in this compound sodium ethylate replaces not the bromine atom but the nitro group by ethoxyl.2‐Amino‐5‐ethoxypyridine can be prepared in a satisfactory manner, however, from 3‐ethoxypyridine via 2‐bromo‐3‐ethoxy‐6‐nitropyridine.
Études dans la Série du Thiophène. III. Indoles, naphtindoles, pyrrocolines et pyrimidazoles dérivés du noyau thiophénique
Authors: Buu‐Hoï Ng. Ph. , Nguyen‐Hoán  
Published: September 2010

AbstractDans ce travail, on entreprend l'étude des composés dérivant du noyau thiophène, et qui appartiennent en même temps aux groupes de l'indole, du 4,5‐benzoindole, de la pyrrocoline, et du pyrimidazole. Dans un but de comparaison, une série de composés équivalents en série benzénique a été également synthétisée. Au cours de cette étude, une contribution à la fois théorique et pratique a été apportée à la synthèse des indoles par la méthode deFischer; en même temps, la chimie de plusieurs thiophènes substitués (2‐ et 3‐thiotolènes, 2,5‐thioxène, 2‐chloro‐ et'2‐bromothiophènes. 2‐phényl‐et 2‐xénylthiophène) a pu être développée. Enfin, quelques réactions (nitrosation, réactions de Friedel‐Crafts) ont été effectuées sur les indoles et pyrrocolines ainsi obtenus.
Hydrolysis of the addition products of hydrogen chloride to isoprene
Authors: Ultée A. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBy hydrolysis of the addition products of hydrogen chloride and isoprene, 1‐chloro‐3‐methylbutene‐2 [CH3. C(CH3):CH. CH2Cl) and 3‐chloro‐3‐methylbutene‐1 (CH3. CCl(CH3). CH:CH2], the main product is isoprene alcohol, CH3. C(CH3OH. CH:CH2 (3‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutene‐1) along with a compound, which is very probably prenolCommunication 91 from the Rubber‐Stichting, Delft.
) CH3. C(CH3):CH. CH2OH, also.
The Breckpot calculator for calculating efficiency differences. The systematic error introduced by curvature of sector curves
Authors: Schmidt R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe computation of efficiency differences of spectrum lines in step‐sector spectra may be carried out by means of a special calculator according to Breckpot. The employment of this calculator is based on the assumption that the sector curves are linear and parallel. Curvature of sector curves, which is very common, introduces a systematic error, the order of magnitude of which is determined by an approximative calculation. An exact treatment is given for a special ‐ extremely simple ‐ case. The approximative treatment yields values which are somewhat high, but of the right order of magnitude. The influence of the systematic error on the accuracy of concentrations reported is discussed.
Amides V. Ultraviolet absorption‐spectra of diacylimines
Authors: Polya J. B. , Spotswood T. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUltraviolet absorption‐spectra of some diacylimines in chloroform solution have been measured. The spectra of purely aliphatic diacylimines differ from those of aliphatic amides. Possible structures for diacylimines are discussed.
Synthèse Générale des p‐Nitrophényl‐Arylamines: (Propriétés du groupe sulfonyle. V
Authors: Backer H. J. , Wadman S. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUne nouvelle synthèse, au moyen de la réaction de la p‐nitrophényl‐sulfonylcyanamide sur des amines aromatiques, au sein d'acide acétique, nous rend aisément accessibles les aryl‐p‐nitrophénylsulfonylguanidines, dont la décomposition, en solution alcaline, fournit une méthode générale et excellente pour préparer les amines secondaires nitrées ArNHC6H4NO2(p).
Comparison of the action of some catalysts on the addition of ethyl mercaptan to cetene‐1
Authors: Th. Hackmann J. , Berkenbosch R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe addition of mercaptans to olefins was studied and showed to be a very subtle reaction, which is extremely sensitive both to positive and and negative catalysts.The investigation, which was carried out with pure cetene‐1, revealed that the addition, which was almost unnoticeable without catalyst, is affected by ultra‐violet light, organic peroxides and air, ferrous chloride and ferrous 3,5‐diisopropyl salicylate, combinations of peroxides and ferrous salts, mercuric acetate and mercuric mercaptide.By far the highest rate of reaction is obtained by using ultra‐violet light of the correct wave length, combinations of peroxides and ferrous salts following next in catalytic activity. There is an outstanding activity of the peroxide derived from cetene.The reaction is greatly inhibited by the presence of butadiene, oenanthol and fatty acids; a contamination of 1% of butadiene prevents every reaction from taking place, even when intensely illuminated with ultra‐violet light.
Light scattering by charged particles in electrolyte solutions
Authors: Hermans J. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is easy to show that the concentrations of the ions in an electrolytic solution do not fluctuate independently. For this reason the theory of fluctuations does not represent an adequate approach to the problem of light scattering by electrolytes.The formulae obtained from distribution functions are discussed. It is assumed in most of the treatment that a colloid particle with its double layer can be regarded as a separate unit. On this basis formulae are developed for compact spherical particles and random coils.
Syntheses of polychloro compounds with aluminium chloride IX: Cyclic polychloro compounds of formula C6Cl8
Authors: Prins H. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe preparation is described of a C6Cl8 m.p. 93° (probably octochloromethene‐1‐cyclopentene‐3) and its isomerisation to a C6Cl8 m.p. 45° (probably octochloromethyl‐1‐cyclopentadiene‐2,4) and to a C6Cl8 m.p. 183° (probably octochloromethene‐1‐cyclopentene‐2)See for Raman analyses and structural formulae: H. van Brederode, H. Gerding and H. J. Prins, Rec. trav. chim. 65, 184 (1946); H. van Brederode, H. Gerding and H. J. Prins, Rec. trav. chim. 65, 458 (1946).
).