bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of an upper-limb-artery approach and long sheaths in splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures
Authors: Shimohira Masashi , Ogino Hiroyuki , Mori Yuji , Omiya Hiroko , Suzuki Hirochika , Shibamoto Yuta 
Published: May 2009

Background: The prolonged bed-rest required achieving hemostasis after splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures can be avoided if the upper limb arteries are used. In such procedures, the use of long sheaths capable of reaching the descending aorta may be advantageous. Purpose: To analyze the results of procedures that utilizes an upper-limb-artery approach and long sheaths. Material and Methods: Two hundred forty-two patients with a mean age of 64 years underwent splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures via an upper limb artery using a long sheath (85 cm, 4-French). Repeat examinations were performed on 48 patients and the total number of examinations was 296. The records of these 296 examinations were reviewed and the success rate and complications were evaluated. Results: Overall, 295 of 296 (99.7%) examinations were successful, and one (0.3%) failed. Complications and side effects occurred in six cases (2.0%), a painful sheath manipulation occurred in two examinations (0.7%), and arterial occlusion (including temporary occlusion), hematoma of the puncture site, and pseudoaneurysm occurred in two (0.7%), one (0.3%), and one (0.3%) patient, respectively. Conclusion: The use of a long sheath capable of reaching the descending aorta enables the performance of splanchnic angiography and interventional procedures via the upper limb arteries.
Effect of Reducing Indoor Air Pollution on Women's Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function: The RESPIRE Randomized Trial, Guatemala
Authors: Smith-Sivertsen Tone , Díaz Esperanza , Pope Dan , Lie Rolv T. , Díaz Anaite , McCracken John , Bakke Per , Arana Byron , Smith Kirk R. , Bruce Nigel 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Exposure to household wood smoke from cooking is a risk factor for chronic obstructive lung disease among women in developing countries. The Randomized Exposure Study of Pollution Indoors and Respiratory Effects (RESPIRE) is a randomized intervention trial evaluating the respiratory health effects of reducing indoor air pollution from open cooking fires. A total of 504 rural Mayan women in highland Guatemala aged 15–50 years, all using traditional indoor open fires, were randomized to either receive a chimney woodstove (plancha) or continue using the open fire. Assessments of chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function and individual measurements of carbon monoxide exposure were performed at baseline and every 6 months up to 18 months. Use of a plancha significantly reduced carbon monoxide exposure by 61.6%. For all respiratory symptoms, reductions in risk were observed in the plancha group during follow-up; the reduction was statistically significant for wheeze (relative risk = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.70). The number of respiratory symptoms reported by the women at each follow-up point was also significantly reduced by the plancha (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.97). However, no significant effects on lung function were found after 12–18 months. Reducing indoor air pollution from household biomass burning may relieve symptoms consistent with chronic respiratory tract irritation.
Gene flow by larval dispersal in the Antarctic notothenioid fishGobionotothen gibberifrons
Authors: MATSCHINER MICHAEL , HANEL REINHOLD , SALZBURGER WALTER 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe diversification of the teleost suborder Notothenioidei (Perciformes) in Antarctic waters provides one of the most striking examples of a marine adaptive radiation. Along with a number of adaptations to the cold environment, such as the evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins, notothenioids diversified into eight families and at least 130 species. Here, we investigate the genetic population structure of the humped rockcod (Gobionotothen gibberifrons), a benthic notothenioid fish. Six populations were sampled at different locations around the Scotia Sea, comprising a large part of the species’ distribution range (N = 165). Our analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data (352 bp) and eight microsatellite markers reveal a lack of genetic structuring over large geographic distances (ΦST ≤ 0.058,FST ≤ 0.005,Pvalues nonsignificant). In order to test whether this was due to passive larval dispersal, we used GPS‐tracked drifter trajectories, which approximate movement of passive surface particles with ocean currents. The drifter data indicate that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects the sampling locations in one direction only (west–east), and that passive transport is possible within the 4‐month larval period ofG. gibberifrons. Indeed, when applying the isolation‐with‐migration model in IMA, strong unidirectional west‐east migration rates are detected in the humped rockcod. This leads us to conclude that, inG. gibberifrons, genetic differentiation is prevented by gene flow via larval dispersal with the ACC.
What Drives Wolves: Fear or Hunger? Humans, Diet, Climate and Wolf Activity Patterns
Authors: Theuerkauf Jörn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractActivity patterns of animals depend on environmental and intrinsic factors. Studies undertaken across the current wolf (Canis lupus) range suggested a number of variables that may be correlated with activity patterns of wolves. These factors vary locally and there has been no attempt so far at defining those that ubiquitously impact wolf behaviour. I compared 11 studies (from Alaska to Israel) to assess the influence of (1) public road density, (2) human population density, (3) human‐caused mortality, (4) proportion of domestic animals in wolf diet, (5) proportion of forest, (6) latitude and (7) mean annual temperature on nocturnal wolf activity and movements. Nocturnal activity was mainly correlated to the proportion of domestic animals in the diet and the density of public roads, whereas nocturnal movements were mainly correlated to latitude. The importance of latitude indicates that sun periodicity might represent an important signal (`Zeitgeber') for circadian rhythms in wolves. Environmental constraints such as high temperatures during the day and a higher hunting success in crepuscular periods probably limit the ability of wolves to avoid humans by nocturnal behaviour. I therefore suggest that in regions where wolves hunt wild prey, they experience a trade‐off between predation risk by humans and increased hunting success during twilight hours.
An ‘upside‐down’ view of rural health care
Authors: Mahoney Mary , Townsend Mardie , Hallebone Erica , Nesbitt Pat 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAccess to high quality health care services plays an important part in the health of rural communities and individuals. This fact is reflected in efforts by governments to improve the quality of such services through better targeting of funds and more efficient management of services. In Australia, the difficulties experienced by rural communities in attracting and retaining doctors has long been recognized as a contributing factor to the relatively higher levels of morbidity and mortality in rural areas. However, this paper, based on a study of two small rural communities in Australia, suggests that resolving the health problems of rural communities will require more than simply increasing the quality and accessibility of health services. Health and well‐being in such communities relates as much to the sense of community cohesion as it does to the direct provision of medical services. Over recent years, that cohesion has diminished, undermined in part by government policies that have fuelled an exodus from small rural communities to urban areas. Until governments begin to take an ‘upside‐down’ perspective, focusing on building healthy communities rather than simply on building hospitals to make communities healthy, the disadvantages faced by rural people will continue to be exacerbated.
Men as consumers of maternity services: a contradiction in terms
Authors: Early Rona 
Published: May 2009

AbstractResearch and policy on the consumers of maternity services have tended to focus on women, with service provision directed to meet their needs. It is, after all, women who get pregnant and give birth. However, since the 1970s, men have been encouraged to take up an active role in childbirth and, to a lesser extent, pregnancy. This has resulted in fathers becoming participatory in maternity services. In recent years, there has developed a greater focus on paternity and an awareness of the father’s experiences. This has led to an evaluation of maternity services and a desire to better address the ‘needs’ of men as consumers. This article examines some of the factors that have facilitated paternal participation during the antenatal period and birth, and some of the roles and responsibilities assigned to men. The recent debates regarding fathers within childbirth discourses, and what impact this will have on their experience of pregnancy, childbirth and status as maternity service users, are also discussed.
Regulation of exocytotic protein expression and Ca2+‐dependent peptide secretion in astrocytes
Authors: Paco Sonia , Margelí Maria A. , Olkkonen Vesa M. , Imai Akane , Blasi Juan , Fischer‐Colbrie Reiner , Aguado Fernando 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVesicular transmitter release from astrocytes influences neuronal development, function and plasticity. However, secretory pathways and the involved molecular mechanisms in astroglial cells are poorly known. In this study, we show that a variety of SNARE and Munc18 isoforms are expressed by cultured astrocytes, with syntaxin‐4, Munc18c, SNAP‐23 and VAMP‐3 being the most abundant variants. Exocytotic protein expression was differentially regulated by activating and differentiating agents. Specifically, proteins controlling Ca2+‐dependent secretion in neuroendocrine cells were up‐regulated after long‐term 8Br‐cAMP administration in astrocytes, but not by proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, 8Br‐cAMP treatment greatly increased the cellular content of the peptidic vesicle marker secretogranin‐2. Release assays performed on cAMP‐treated astrocytes showed that basal and stimulated secretogranin‐2 secretion are dependent on [Ca2+]i. As shown release of the chimeric hormone ANP.emd from transfected cells, cAMP‐induced differentiation in astrocytes enhances Ca2+‐regulated peptide secretion. We conclude that astroglial cells display distinctive molecular components for exocytosis. Moreover, the regulation of both exocytotic protein expression and Ca2+‐dependent peptide secretion in astrocytes by differentiating and activating agents suggest that glial secretory pathways are adjusted in different physiological states.
Nicotine‐induced and depolarisation‐induced glutamate release from hippocampus mossy fibre synaptosomes: two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Bancila Victor , Cordeiro J. Miguel , Bloc Alain , Dunant Yves 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHippocampus mossy fibre terminals activate CA3 pyramidal neurons via two distinct mechanisms, both quantal and glutamatergic: (i) rapid excitatory transmission in response to afferent action potentials and (ii) delayed and prolonged release following nicotinic receptor activation. These processes were analysed here using rat hippocampus mossy fibres synaptosomes. The relationships between synaptosome depolarisation and glutamate release were established in response to high‐KCl and gramicidin challenges. Half‐maximal release corresponded to a 52 mV depolarisation step. KCl‐induced release was accompanied by transient dissipation of the proton gradient across synaptic vesicle membrane. Nicotine elicited a substantial glutamate release from mossy fibre synaptosomes (EC50 3.14 μM; Vmax 12.01 ± 2.1 nmol glutamate/mg protein; Hill’s coefficient 0.99). However, nicotine‐induced glutamate release was not accompanied by any change in the membrane potential or in the vesicular proton gradient. The effects of acetylcholine (200 μM) were similar to those of nicotine (25 μM). Nicotinic α7 receptors were evidenced by immuno‐cytochemistry on the mossy fibre synaptosome plasma membrane. Therefore, the same terminals can release glutamate in response to two distinct stimuli: (i) rapid neurotransmission involving depolarisation‐induced activation of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels and (ii) a slower nicotinic activation which does not involve depolarisation or dissipation of the vesicular proton gradient.
EARLY LLANDOVERY CHITINOZOANS FROM JORDAN
Authors: BUTCHER ANTHONY 
Published: May 2009

Abstract:  Chitinozoans recovered from cores BG‐14 and WS‐6 in southern and eastern Jordan are described. Sample ages are well‐constrained by graptolite data to the ascensus‐acuminatus and vesiculosus graptolite biozones. Eighteen chitinozoan taxa are recognized, with Spinachitina fragilis, Plectochitina nodifera, Ancyrochitina laevaensis and Belonechitina postrobusta allowing correlation with both local and global chitinozoan and graptolite biozonations for the Rhuddanian. One new species of chitinozoan is erected, Belonechitina pseudarabiensis sp. nov.
Warfarin Is Not Needed in Low‐Risk Patients Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Procedures
Authors: BUNCH T. JARED , CRANDALL BRIAN G. , WEISS J. PETER , MAY HEIDI T. , BAIR TAMI L. , OSBORN JEFFREY S. , ANDERSON JEFFREY L. , LAPPE DONALD L. , MUHLESTEIN J. BRENT , NELSON JENNIFER , ALLISON SCOTT , FOLEY THOMAS , ANDERSON LARS , DAY JOHN D. 
Published: May 2009

Background:
The recently published HRS/EHRA/ECAS AF Ablation Consensus Statement recommended that warfarin should be used for at least 2 months following an AF ablation in all patients regardless of stroke risk factors. The objective of the study was to assess outcomes based upon anticoagulation practice after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation to determine relative risk of a strategy of aspirin only in low‐risk patients.
Methods:
A total of 630 consecutive patients who underwent 934 ablation procedures using an open irrigated tip catheter for symptomatic AF were evaluated. Outcomes were compared between patients treated with warfarin (goal INR: 2–3) versus aspirin only (325 mg/day) in CHADS2 0–1 patients after ablation.
Results:
Of the 690 patients, 123 (20%) were treated with aspirin and 507 (80%) with warfarin. Prevalences of the CHADS2 scores of patients on aspirin were (0: 40.7%, 1: 59.3%) and on warfarin (0: 13.6%, 1: 31.6%, ≥2: 54.8%), P < 0.0001. Patients in the warfarin group were older, had on average a lower ejection fraction, and had higher rates persistent/permanent AF, repeat ablations, hypertension, prior stroke/TIA, and diabetes. The 1‐year survival free of AF for the total study population was 71.6%. There were no strokes/TIA in the aspirin group and 4 events (4 strokes, 0 TIAs) in the warfarin group. Two patients in the warfarin group died of fatal hemorrhage (1 intracranial, 1 gastrointestinal).
Conclusion:
Select low‐risk patients with a low CHADS2 (0–1) score who undergo left atrial ablation with an aggressive anticoagulation strategy with heparin and use of an open irrigated tip catheter with low CHADS2 scores can safely be discharged following their procedure on aspirin alone.
Rigidity of commonly used dental trauma splints
Authors: Berthold Christine , Thaler Alexandra , Petschelt Anselm 
Published: May 2009

Abstract –  Background/Aims:  The stability of immobilization devices varies from flexible to rigid, depending on the trauma. We evaluated the rigidity of various commonly used splints in vitroMaterial and Methods:  An acrylic resin model was used. The central incisors simulated injured teeth, with increased vertical and horizontal mobility. The lateral incisors and canines stimulated uninjured teeth. Tooth mobility was measured with the Periotest® device. Vertical and horizontal measurements were made before and after splinting, and the difference between values was defined as the splint effect. We evaluated 4 composite splints, 3 wire‐composite splints, a titanium trauma splint, a titanium ring splint, a bracket splint, and 2 Schuchardt splintsResults:  For all injured teeth and all splints, there was a significant splint effect for the vertical and horizontal dimensions (P < 0.05). For injured teeth, the composite splints produced the largest changes in vertical tooth mobility; wire‐composite splints 1 and 2, using orthodontic wires, produced the smallest vertical splint effects. For uninjured teeth, the Schuchardt 1 splint and the bracket splint produced the largest splint effects; wire‐composite splints 1 and 2 produced only a slight change in tooth mobility. Composite splints 2 and 3 produced the largest horizontal splint effects for injured teeth, and the 4 composite splints produced the largest horizontal splint effects for uninjured teeth. The most horizontally flexible splints were the titanium trauma splint and wire‐composite splints 1 and 2.Conclusions:  According to the current guidelines and within the limits of an in vitro study, it can be stated that flexible or semirigid splints such as the titanium trauma splint and wire‐composite splints 1 and 2 are appropriate for splinting teeth with dislocation injuries and root fractures, whereas rigid splints such as wire‐composite splint 3 and the titanium ring splint can be used to treat alveolar process fractures.
Viral disease emergence in shrimp aquaculture: origins, impact and the effectiveness of health management strategies
Authors: Walker Peter J. , Mohan C. V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractShrimp aquaculture has grown rapidly over several decades to become a major global industry that serves the increasing consumer demand for seafood and has contributed significantly to socio‐economic development in many poor coastal communities. However, the ecological disturbances and changes in patterns of trade associated with the development of shrimp farming have presented many of the pre‐conditions for the emergence and spread of disease. Shrimp are displaced from their natural environments, provided artificial or alternative feeds, stocked in high density, exposed to stress through changes in water quality and are transported nationally and internationally, either live or as frozen product. These practices have provided opportunities for increased pathogenicity of existing infections, exposure to new pathogens, and the rapid transmission and transboundary spread of disease. Not surprisingly, a succession of new viral diseases has devastated the production and livelihoods of farmers and their sustaining communities. This review examines the major viral pathogens of farmed shrimp, the likely reasons for their emergence and spread, and the consequences for the structure and operation of the shrimp farming industry. In addition, this review discusses the health management strategies that have been introduced to combat the major pathogens and the reasons that disease continues to have an impact, particularly on poor, small‐holder farmers in Asia.
Characterization of 38 microsatellite loci in the European blackbird, Turdus merula (Turdidae, AVES)
Authors: SIMEONI MICHELLE , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , GENTLE LOUISE K. , COIFFAIT LISETTE , WOLFF KIRSTEN , EVANS KARL L. , GASTON KEVIN J. , HATCHWELL BEN J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe characterized 38 microsatellite loci in the European blackbird, Turdus merula. Thirty‐seven loci were identified by testing 242 loci that had been originally isolated in other avian species. One additional locus was isolated from a European blackbird genomic library. All loci were characterized in 20–29 blackbirds from a population in the Czech Republic and displayed between two and 16 alleles, with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.04 to 1.00. Thirty‐seven loci could be assigned a chromosome location in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) genome based on sequence homology.
Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago
Authors: Tryland Morten , Lydersen Christian , Kovacs Kit M. , Thoresen Stein Istre 
Published: May 2009

Background: Information regarding health and disease is limited for walruses, a keystone species in arctic marine ecosystems. Serum chemistry analysis is a useful clinical tool for the health assessment of walruses, but only a few captive Pacific walruses have been evaluated.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine serum chemistry reference values for free‐ranging male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) on Svalbard and to assess potential differences in animals with low and high tissue levels of organic pollutants.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 17 wild, adult, male Atlantic walruses chemically immobilized with etorphine at eastern Svalbard (Norway). Serum was obtained for routine biochemical analysis as well as nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol tests. Serum protein concentration was also measured by agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: Reference values (ranges) included alanine aminotransferase (12–51 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (54–137 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (42–243 U/L), creatine kinase (32–506 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (480–1322 U/L), amylase (0–23 U/L), lipase (68–298 U/L), total protein (68–91 g/L), albumin (25.3–34.8 g/L), creatinine (84–137 μmol/L), urea (8.2–19.9 mmol/L), bilirubin (0–4 μmol/L), cholesterol (4.4–7.3 mmol/L), NEFA (0.1–0.4 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.6–2.2 mmol/L), calcium (2.0–2.7 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7–2.8 mmol/L), sodium (147–162 mmol/L), potassium (4.7–7.4 mmol/L), chloride (102–115 mmol/L), and cortisol (<28–214 nmol/L). Walruses exposed to high levels of organic pollutants (n=6) had significantly lower (P=.022) phosphorus concentration than those with low levels of pollutants (n=6).Conclusions: The clinical chemistry reference values determined in this study can serve as baseline data for future health‐related studies of walruses in a changing Arctic and may also be helpful for health evaluations of walruses in captivity. Impacts of the exposure of marine mammals to organic pollutants should be further investigated.
QTL-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight in Sumai-3 and two susceptible NILs
Authors: Golkari Saber , Gilbert Jeannie , Ban Tomohiro , Procunier J. Douglas 
Published: May 2009

Fusarium head blight, predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe) in North America, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production around the world. cDNA microarrays consisting of wheat ESTs derived from a wheat – F. graminearum interaction suppressive subtractive hybridization library were used to investigate QTL-specific differential gene expression between the resistant Chinese cultivar Sumai-3 and two susceptible near isogenic lines (NILs) following inoculation with F. graminearum. Stringent conditions were employed to reduce the false discovery rate. A total of 25 wheat unigenes were found to express differentially in response to F. graminearum infection. Genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as β-1,3-glucanase (PR-2), wheatwins (PR-4), and thaumatin-like proteins (PR-5) showed a significant upregulation in genotypes having the Sumai-3 3BS region. For these three genes, the gene activity was significantly less in the genotype (NIL-3) lacking the Sumai-3 3BS segment. Significant upregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was detected only in the resistant Sumai-3, indicating the importance of both the 2AL and 3BS regions in the activation of effective defense responses to infection by F. graminearum. Differences in gene expression between the resistant Sumai-3 and the susceptible NILs were found to be mainly quantitative in nature.