bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and simultaneous occurrence of periodontitis and dental caries
Authors: Mattila Pauli T. , Niskanen Mirka C. , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Nordblad Anne , Knuuttila Matti L. E. 
Published: September 2010

Mattila PT, Niskanen MC, Vehkalahti MM, Nordblad A, Knuuttila MLE. Prevalence and simultaneous occurrence of periodontitis and dental caries. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 962–967. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01620.x.AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and simultaneous occurrence of periodontal disease and dental caries in Finnish adults.Material and Methods: The study was performed as part of the nationally representative Health 2000 Survey. The study population was 5255 subjects aged 30 years and older. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and untreated dentinal caries were recorded by tooth. Teeth with PPD 4 mm and deeper indicated periodontal disease, and teeth with PPD 6 mm and deeper indicated a severe periodontal disease.Results: Sixty‐four percent of persons had periodontal disease, 21% had a severe periodontal disease, and 29% had dental caries. Persons having periodontal disease had significantly more often dental caries (33%) compared with those without periodontal disease (23%). This was even more evident in persons having severe periodontal disease (44%). Accordingly, persons having dental caries had significantly more often severe periodontal disease (31%) compared with those without dental caries (16%). The mean number of teeth with dental caries or periodontal disease per person was greater when the mean number of teeth with the other disease was also greater.Conclusions: These data indicate that especially severe periodontal disease and dental caries tend to accumulate in the same subjects.
Strong exercise stress exacerbates dermatitis in atopic model mice, NC/Nga mice, while proper exercise reduces it
Authors: Orita Kumi , Hiramoto Keiichi , Inoue Risa , Sato Eisuke F. , Kobayashi Hiromi , Ishii Masamitsu , Inoue Masayasu 
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Strong exercise stress exacerbates dermatitis in atopic model mice, NC/Nga mice, while proper exercise reduces it. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1067–1072.Abstract:  Atopic dermatitis is well known to exacerbate by stress. How the influence of exercise stress on the skin symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis has not been clarified. The purpose of our research is to investigate how different strength of exercise stress acts on atopic dermatitis. Specific pathogen‐free (SPF) and conventional NC/Nga male mice were used for the experiments. Conventional mice but not SPF group spontaneously develop dermal symptom similar to that of patients with atopic dermatitis at their age of 7 weeks. They were given two types of stress, mild (20 m/min for 60 min) or strong exercise (25 m/min for 90 min), using a treadmill four times per day. The dermal symptom of the conventional group was strongly exacerbated by strong exercise but ameliorated by mild exercise. Under the standard experimental conditions, plasma concentrations of α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and substance P in conventional mice increased markedly with concomitant exacerbation of the symptom. The plasma concentrations of these proteins elevated after strong exercise but decreased after mild exercise. Under the conventional conditions, plasma levels of β‐endorphin increased with time by some mechanisms enhanced by the mild exercise. These observations suggested that exercise‐induced stress significantly affect the symptom of atopic dermatitis in a pivotal manner depending on the plasma levels of TGF‐β, α‐MSH, substance P and β‐endorphin.
Penis swelling due to foreign body reaction after injection of silicone
Authors: Plaza Tobias , Lautenschlager Stephan 
Published: September 2010

SummaryA 19‐year‐old man presented with phimosis and painful swelling of the penis four weeks after augmentation with silicone in Thailand. Histology revealed a foreign body reaction to silicone. Infectious causes were ruled out. Granulomatous foreign body reactions to silicone are common, but there are few case reports on reactions following silicone injection for penis enlargement. Foreign body reactions should be included in the differential diagnosis of penis swelling.
Molecular diagnostics of parapox virus infections
Authors: Töndury Bettina , Kühne Andreas , Kutzner Heinz , Palmedo Gabriele , Lautenschlager Stephan , Borelli Siegfried 
Published: September 2010

Summary Background: The diagnosis of parapox virus infections relies primarily on a history of contact with infected animals. The clinical presentation is usually a non‐specific necrotic ulcer. The histology may also be non‐specific, especially with older lesions. Negative‐staining electron microscopy (EM) is a fast and reliable diagnostic tool, but is not widely available. Serological tests and the time‐consuming viral culture are also rarely used in Europe. Patients and methods: The diagnostic procedure in two patients with ecthyma contagiosum and milker's nodule using polymerase chain reaction specific for orthopox, parapox and Orf virus is explained. Diagnostics included bacterial culture, viral culture, histology and EM. In addition to these, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in both cases. Results: The patient with ecthyma contagiosum was negative for ortho‐, parapox‐, and orf‐virus on PCR, whereas the patient with milker's nodule had a PCR positive for parapoxvirus. Conclusions: PCR is a simple, fast, and standardized method of diagnosis that can distinguish between the subgroups of parapoxviruses. A diagnosis can be made even in cases of ambiguous history or unspecific clinical presentation. The method is limited by the necessity to sample native material or to use neutrally buffered formalin in case of PCR from paraffin material.
Research in practice: Regulatory T cells – targets for therapeutic approaches?
Authors: Jonuleit Helmut , Tuettenberg Andrea , Steinbrink Kerstin 
Published: September 2010

SummaryRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. They contribute to prevention of autoimmunity by control and modulation of immune responses. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, cancer and allergies has markedly increased in the last decades. In additions the treatment of these disorders is often unsatisfactory so that improvements are needed. This has stimulated intensive research in the biology of Tregs. Recent studies revealed that naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ Tregs (nTregs) and induced Tregs (iTregs) are critical for the control of inadequate immune reactions. In humans, various iTreg populations are generated to inhibit naïve as well as activated effector T cells. Key molecules of signal transduction, essential for suppressor function of iTregs, have been identified and may be target molecules to modulate the activity of suppressor T cells with novel biologicals. Precise insight into the properties of Tregs may contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches which directly affect Tregs in patients or use adoptive transfer of Tregs.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE EFFECT OF SWEETENER AND DIETARY FIBER ON RHELOGICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SALEP BEVERAGE
Authors: YILMAZ MUSTAFA TAHSIN , SERT DURMUŞ , KARAKAYA MUSTAFA , TISKE SÜMEYRA S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Rheological properties of salep beverage samples were evaluated in relation to four processing variables: aspartame concentration, 2–6 g/100 mL; lemon fiber concentration, 0.5–2.5 g/100 mL; cooking time, 5–25 min and serving temperature 25–65C. The power law model fitted the shear stress–shear rate data. Salep beverage samples exhibited a shear‐thinning behavior. A second‐order composite design was used to investigate the effects of the four processing variables on the consistency index (k) and sensory score (Ss) of the samples to find the optimum levels of these processing variables. The aspartame and lemon fiber concentration had the most significant increasing effect on the consistency index and Ss, while serving temperature had a decreasing effect on these values. Based on Ss, optimum conditions were determined as aspartame concentration = 6.0 g/100 mL, lemon fiber concentration = 2.1 g/100 mL, cooking time = 11.6 min and serving temperature = 26C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe rheological properties of salep beverages with added dietary fiber and sweetener have not been well documented. The majority of reported experimental data on the rheological properties have focused solely on the effects of two processing factors, namely concentration and temperature on the rheological properties of salep, but no one has considered the simultaneous effects of sweetener, dietary fiber concentrations, temperature and cooking time on the rheological and the related sensory properties of salep beverage. In addition, no study has appeared to study optimum levels of these processing variables maximizing or minimizing the rheological and sensory score values. Therefore, the results of this study would be useful for engineering applications in the processing of salep beverages under related processing conditions as well as for process design, quality control and sensory properties of salep beverage.
A Composite Plume Approach for the Analysis of Dissolved Contaminants in Ground Water vs. Distance from Source Areas
Authors: Lundegard Paul D. , Johnson Paul C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe analysis of dissolved contaminant transport away from source areas containing nonaqueous phase liquids is an important component in the evaluation of the risk posed to downgradient receptors, of monitoring plan development, and of remedial alternative selection. Typically, individual source‐plume systems are evaluated on a site‐specific basis; however, much can be learned by looking at the collective data from multiple sites. This has been done with leaking underground storage tank sites in California, Texas, and Florida, where the analyses led to important conclusions concerning dissolved MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) and benzene plume behaviors that could not be drawn from individual site data sets. In these previous works, each site data set was reduced to a plume length and then a statistical analysis of plume lengths was performed. In this paper, the use of multiple‐site collective data analyses is also pursued; however, rather than use a single metric plume length analysis, a composite plume data analysis approach is proposed and examined. This alternate approach provides a means for making use of data from ground water plumes that are incompletely defined. In addition, few of the assumptions required by single plume studies for interpolation of data are necessary. The composite plume approach is especially well suited to the analysis of large sites or regions with multiple source areas within similar hydrogeochemical settings. A case study of petroleum hydrocarbon transport at a large former oil field with more than 90 source areas illustrates the application and benefits of this approach.
Microbial Population and Degradation Activity Changes Monitored During a Chlorinated Solvent Biovent Demonstration
Authors: Pfiffner Susan M. , Palumbo Anthony V. , Sayles Gregory D. , Gannon David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMicrobial populations and degradation activity increased significantly during a chlorinated solvent bioventing bioremediation effort using propane at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware. The propane injection resulted in degradation of a mixture of chlorinated solvents, including trichloroethylene (TCE), cis‐dichloroethylene (c‐DCE), and 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (TCA). In only 20 d, the propane injection resulted in decreases of TCE and c‐DCE of > 98%, and a decrease in TCA in soil gas by ∼70%. The degradation of the TCA may not have occurred with a methane, butane, toluene, or phenol injection. These decreases in chlorinated solvent concentrations were accompanied by large increases in propane‐utilizing bacteria that ranged from below detection levels prior to the injection to ∼1% of the ending total aerobic heterotrophic population by the end of the propane injection. Thus, a proportional increase occurred as heterotrophic counts increased a hundredfold. Microbial TCE degradation activity, as measured in microcosms, also increased with the propane injection. The highest rates of degradation were observed in microcosms with propane and nutrients, indicating the potential for higher field rates of degradation with nutrient additions.
Study of Five Discrete‐Interval‐Type Ground Water Sampling Devices
Authors: Parker Louise V. , Clark Charles H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFive relatively newly developed discrete‐interval‐type ground water sampling devices—the KABIS, HydraSleeve, Discrete Interval, Pneumo‐Bailer, and USGS passive diffusion bag (PDB) samplers—were tested to determine their ability to recover representative concentrations of a variety of analytes—volatile organics, explosives, pesticides, and metals—from a standpipe and trichloroethylene (TCE) from a deep monitoring well. Samples taken from a well were compared with samples taken using low‐flow sampling.The PDB sampler was the easiest to use, but could only be used to sample volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The HydraSleeve and the KABIS samplers were also easy to use; these devices produced representative concentrations of explosives, pesticides, and metals in the standpipe experiments, but elevated the turbidity in our monitoring well. Although there were statistically significant differences for some VOCs with both devices, these differences were generally very small (< 5%). The one exception was an 18% loss of TCE with the KABIS sampler.The Discrete Interval sampler and the Pneumo‐Bailer are pressurized devices that are designed to only collect a sample when activated. The Pneumo‐Bailer was heavy and awkward to handle, required a nitrogen tank in the field, and involved many steps to operate. The Discrete Interval sampler only required a bicycle pump to pressurize the chamber and was lighter and easier to handle and operate than its counterpart. Both devices generally delivered representative concentrations of all the analytes tested.
Prediction of resting energy requirements in people taking weight‐inducing antipsychotic medications
Authors: SHARPE Jenny‐Kay , STEDMAN Terry , BYRNE Nuala M. , HILLS Andrew P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the regression equations published by Mifflin are suitable for the prediction of resting metabolic rate in people taking weight‐inducing antipsychotic medications.Methods:  Resting metabolic rate was measured using indirect calorimetry in 45 people with psychotic illnesses who had been taking atypical antipsychotic medications for more than six months. Predicted resting metabolic rate was calculated using the Mifflin, Harris‐Benedict and Schofield equations. The limits of agreement method were used to compare measured and predicted resting metabolic rate.Results:  In men, the prediction equations significantly overestimated resting metabolic rate. There was a systematic variation in the bias using the Mifflin equation. The limits of agreement using the Harris‐Benedict and Schofield equations were 2793 and 3014 kJ/day, respectively. In women, predictions of resting metabolic rate using the Harris‐Benedict equation had the lowest limits of agreement (1008 kJ/day) compared with 1978 kJ for the Mifflin and 3157 kJ/day for the Schofield equations, respectively.Conclusion:  The present study does not support the recent suggestion that the Mifflin equation is the most suitable prediction equation to determine resting metabolic rate in people taking antipsychotic medications. In men, it may be advisable to reduce the estimate provided using the Harris‐Benedict or Schofield equations by 840 kJ/day. The Harris‐Benedict equation provided the ‘best estimate’ of resting energy requirements in women taking antipsychotic medications.
Development and validation of a three‐item questionnaire for dietitians to screen for poor oral health in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and facilitate dental referral
Authors: JEGANATHAN Sarangapany , PURNOMO Julianita , HOUTZAGER Louise , BATTERHAM Marijka , BEGLEY Kim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a three‐item oral health questionnaire for use by dietitians in an ambulatory care setting to screen human immunodeficiency virus‐1‐infected patients at risk of oral diseases to facilitate dental referral.Methods:  The study was a questionnaire‐based survey of 273 participants attending a human immunodeficiency virus clinic in Sydney, Australia. Subjects completed the oral health questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 contemporaneously.Results:  A statistically significant correlation (rho = 0.617 (95% CI 0.54, 0.69), P < 0.0001) was found between the oral health questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 indicating adequate validity. Sensitivity for the three‐question oral health questionnaire was found to be 84% (95% CI 76, 89) with a specificity of 55% (95% CI 46, 63). The negative predictive value was 77 % (95% CI 68, 85). A single screening question performed less well compared with overall sensitivity of the three‐item oral health questionnaire.Conclusion:  The present study found the three‐item oral health questionnaire to be a valid and sensitive screening tool to ‘trigger’ for further oral health assessment and referral to dental professionals. This is a useful tool for dietitians and other health‐care workers involved in the multidisciplinary preventative care of people living with human immunodeficiency virus.
Target Groups' Views and Policy Implementation: Lessons from Guiyang's Housing Monetarization Reform
Authors: ZHU YAPENG 
Published: September 2010

China's housing reform process is facing a familiar public policy challenge: the difficulties of implementation in provinces and cities. This article explores the reasons for these difficulties with special reference to the housing reform process in the city of Guiyang. The study focuses particularly on a frequently neglected aspect of the implementation process, namely the views and responses of the target groups. Drawing on the housing reform experiences in the city, this study identifies target groups as a key factor in the implementation process. The article argues that policy implementation is not only affected by the possible impacts of a given policy on the target groups but also by target groups' views and their understanding of policy directive. The article also contributes to the broad debate on the policy process by focusing on the neglected role of target groups in the study of policy implementation.El proceso de la reforma de la vivienda en China está enfrentando un desafío de política pública conocido: las dificultades de implementación en provincias y ciudades. Este artículo se enfoca particularmente en un aspecto frecuentemente olvidado del proceso de implementación, concretamente las opiniones y reacciones de los grupos objetivo. Basándose en las experiencias de la reforma de vivienda en la ciudad, el artículo identifica los grupos objetivo como un factor clave en el proceso de implementación. El artículo sostiene que la implementación de las políticas en los grupos objetivo no sólo es influida por los posibles impactos de una política determinada sino también por las opiniones de los grupos y su entendimiento de la directiva de la política. El artículo también contribuye al amplio debate sobre el proceso político al enfocarse en el rol hasta ahora descuidado de los grupos objetivo en el estudio de la implementación de políticas.
Hydrothermal Alteration Related to Silver Mineralization at the Iwami Silver Deposit, Shimane Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Zeng Nanshi , Izawa Eiji , Watanabe Koichiro , Motomura Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Iwami epithermal silver deposit consists of Ag‐Cu veins in a dacitic intrusive body at the deep portion of the Eikyu area, and veinlets with disseminated Ag mineralization in dacitic tuff breccia at a shallow portion of the Fukuishi area. Hydrothermal alteration associated with the silver mineralization is characterized by intense potassium metasomatism with oxidizing conditions. An illite zone occurs around the pathways of uprising fluids in both the Eikyu and Fukuishi areas. It grades laterally into the illite/smectite zone, which is surrounded by a broad smectite zone. Because of boiling, abundant adularia associated with silver mineralization overlaps on the altered tuff breccia in the Fukuishi area. The alteration zoning suggests that the western Eikyu area and the eastern Fukuishi area belong to a single hydrothermal system. The data of fluid inclusion microthermometry indicate that the temperatures range 220–270°C, and salinities range 5–7 wt percent NaCl equivalent for the silver mineralization at the upper portion in the Eikyu area and the lower portion in the Fukuishi area.Radiometric ages for volcanic rocks in the area range from 2.19 to 1.64 Ma, and the dacitic intrusion formed at approximately 1.6 Ma. The silver‐dominant mineralizing hydrothermal fluids system was active around 1.44 to 1.07 Ma, which formed the Eikyu Ag‐Cu veins at depth, and the Fukuishi Ag ores at the shallower portion.
Mineralogical Characteristics of the Separated Magnetic Rutile of the Egyptian Black Sands
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Egyptian black sands contain several economic minerals, such as ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, zircon, rutile and monazite. During the concentration and separation of a high‐grade rutile concentrate a bulk magnetic fraction is obtained. This fraction is composed mainly of opaques, titanhematite, ilmenite–titanhematite exsolved intergrown grains, magnetic leucoxene in addition to chromite, and magnetic rutile. The magnetic rutile occupies 6 wt.% of the bulk magnetic fraction or approx. 4 wt.% of the original rutile content in the raw sands. Most of magnetic rutile crystals are contaminated with opaque inclusions, staining‐coating and/or composite locked grains. This magnetic rutile has a magnetic range from strongly paramagnetic to very weak paramagnetic. Electron microprobe analysis for twenty‐three magnetic rutile grains identified mineral components of rutile, titanhematite, pseudorutile, leached pseudorutile and ilmenite in decreasing order of abundance. Some other inclusions are also detected in the different magnetic rutile grains. They are most probably garnet, silica, amphibole, ilmenite, feldspar, mica and zircon. The presence of these inclusions reflect the derivation of magnetic rutile of various crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks. The magnetic susceptibility of magnetic rutile depends on the associated mineral components and their relative volumes in comparison to the rutile mineral component. Magnetic susceptibility of magnetic rutile is also related to both type and size of the associated mineral inclusions. The average chemical composition of the magnetic rutile is 66.34 wt.% TiO2, 21.71 wt.% Fe2O3, 6.39 wt.% SiO2, 1.80 wt.% Al2O3, 1.19 wt.% CaO and 0.10 wt.% Cr2O3. Thus, the contamination of magnetic rutile in the non‐magnetic rutile concentrate would decrease the market value of the rutile concentrate. Alternatively these magnetic rutile grains are recommended to be blended with magnetic leucoxene or some types of ilmenite concentrate to improve the overall marketable specifications especially for both of Ti, Fe and Cr contents.