bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jacobean and Caroline Masquing Culture: Studies on Early Stuart Entertainments, 1998–2010
Authors: Sillitoe Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article overviews literary criticism on the English court masque during the early Stuart period. More specifically, this survey piece analyses a selection of major critical studies that focus attention on to the court masques of James I and Charles I, circa 1603–1641. The article begins in 1998 – the year that witnessed the last major collection of essays on the genre – and then progresses to the present year by way of various journal articles, chapters and monographs.
New Formalism and the Forms of Middle English Literary Texts
Authors: Marshall Helen , Buchanan Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecent work in Middle English literature addresses the emerging relationship between formal analysis and book history. This article, emerging from the 2009 Conference on Editorial Problems in Toronto, seeks to clarify the way in which formalist approaches intersect with trends in English literary manuscript studies. How, we ask, can the lively field of book history take new direction through contact with the ‘new formalisms’ articulated in literary studies? More precisely, how does the form of the medieval book produce literary meaning in a distinctive and historicizable manner? We explore critical approaches to the formal features of medieval manuscripts, addressing medieval and modern theories of the book’s form, the relationship between written and oral forms of texts, the dialect of scribes, authorial composition of manuscripts, scribal corrections, the layout and illustration, and the binding of the codex. We suggest that close readings of manuscript form can shed light on aspects of texts obscured by the printing technology and formatting changes of modern editions. Furthermore, we point to new avenues for contextualizing the book within late medieval literary culture.
Impact of RMB Appreciation on Trade and Labor Markets of China and the USA: A Multi‐country Comparative General Equilibrium Model
Authors: Li Xin , Xu Dianqing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSince the recent economic crisis, the undervaluation of China's exchange rate has been a focus in the debate on the global policy mix. Using a non‐competitive input–output table, we establish a comparative‐static general equilibrium model to simulate the impact of real exchange rate changes on Sino–US trade and labor markets. The simulation shows that the impacts of a 10‐percent RMB revaluation on the trade surplus of China and the labor market of the USA are more modest than is generally perceived, and the negative impact on the output of the non‐processing industry in China is more significant than that on the processing industry. The Sino–US trade imbalance will continue to deteriorate, China's non‐processing trade surplus will decline and the processing trade will increase, with the combined effect being small. For the USA, labor‐intensive goods imported from China will shift to different Asian countries instead of transferring back to the US market. The simulation results indicate that the impacts of an RMB revaluation on both Chinese and US labor markets would be limited.
Influence of International Openness on Corporate Environmental Performance in China
Authors: Bu Maoliang , Liu Zhibiao , Gao Yanyan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper examines how international openness influences China's corporate environmental performance. A unique firm‐level dataset is constructed by combining two databases: the Annual Industrial Survey and the China GreenWatch Program Rating System. The empirical results obtained from a series of ordered probit models indicate that openness has a positive relation to corporate environmental performance in China. However, the two main market‐opening strategies in China, exporting and attracting foreign investment, have different effects on environmental performance. The results reveal that foreign investment plays a substantial and positive role that can support the environmental spillovers in China. However, the effect of exporting is insignificant. The environmental pressure from foreign customers to improve Chinese firms' environmental performance presents a challenge. Our study indicates that China could make environmental quality improvements through increased international openness, as is likely the case for other developing countries.
Vertical Specialization and Trade Growth in Northeast Asia
Authors: Hwang Yun Seop , Song Jun , Kim Soo Eun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAs the global economy has become further integrated, the international production chain has become more sophisticated, with diversified stages of production located in different countries. Economic theorists have argued that the fragmentation of the global production chain is partly attributable to the high growth in international trade over the past several decades. In this study, we examine vertical specialization in China, Japan and Korea, and its contribution to these nations' trade. Using a multilevel model, it is illustrated that vertical specialization has encouraged increases in trade among all three countries. In particular, China's outcome is remarkable considering how recently it became a member of the WTO.
Religion and Science in America
Authors: Zeller Benjamin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMany people assume that the history of religion and science in America is one of conflict. However, this is not the case. While an examination of the relationship between religion and science in America shows a variety of ways that they have related, there are few cases of outright conflict. This article takes a historical approach to the topic of religion and science in America. It looks to how both Native Americans and colonial‐era Americans fused religion and science into a single system, the reasons that this approach began to falter during the early republic and antebellum era, and the twentieth‐century repercussions. It treats the history of natural theology, natural philosophy, Baconian science, fundamentalism, and the post‐Einstein “new physics” of relativity and quantum science. Special attention is paid the famous Scopes Trial, as well as the contemporary Intelligent Design movement.
Theo‐Politics in the Holy Land: Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism
Authors: Aldrovandi Carlo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article focuses on the ‘theo‐political’ core of US Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism. The political militancy characterizing two Millenarian/Messianic movements such as Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism constitutes a still under‐researched and under‐theorized aspect that, at present, is paramount to address for its immediate and long terms implications in the highly sensitive and volatile Israeli‐Palestinian issue, in the US and Israeli domestic domain, and in the wider international community. Although processes of the ‘sacralisation of politics’ and ‘politicisation of religions’ have already manifested themselves in countless forms over past centuries, Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism are unprecedented phenomena given their unique hybridized nature, political prominence and outreach, mobilizing appeal amongst believers, organizational‐communicational skills and degree of institutionalization.
London’s Frantic Quest for the Muslim Holy Grail: The Post‐9/11 Evolution of the Relationship Between Whitehall and the British Muslim Community
Authors: Vidino Lorenzo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOver the last 20 years most European governments have sought to find individuals and organizations that could be identified as representatives of their Muslim communities. These efforts have been frustrated by the extreme fragmentation that characterizes these communities, which, in turn, has caused them to lack a unified leadership. In the mid‐1990s British authorities sought to overcome this situation by supporting and treating as sole government interlocutor the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB), an umbrella body uniting hundreds of British Muslim organizations. Tensions after the 9/11 and, later, 7/7 terrorist attacks raised thorny and previously unexpected issues in the relationship between MCB and Whitehall, leading to its progressive deterioration and, in 2009, to a temporary suspension of contacts. The article examines the evolution of this relationship and the various factors that influenced it.
The Utility of Animal Models in Understanding Links between Psychosocial Processes and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Grippo Angela J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA bidirectional association between mood disorders and cardiovascular disease has been described; however, the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this link have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this review is first to describe some of the important behavioral neurobiological processes that are common to both mood and cardiovascular disorders. Second, this review focuses on the value of conducting research with animal models (primarily rodents) to investigate potential behavioral, physiological, and neural processes involved in the association of mood disorders and cardiovascular disease. In combination with findings from human research, the study of mechanisms underlying mood and cardiovascular regulation using animal models will enhance our understanding of the association of depression and cardiovascular disease, and can promote the development of novel interventions for individuals with these comorbid conditions.
Reworking Postfordism: Labor Process Versus Employment Relations
Authors: Vidal Matt 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Fordism/postfordism framework has been widely used, but also heavily criticized, in the social sciences. I outline the central points of debate over the use of this framework for analysis of work organization, including the range of models offered as successors to Fordism. I then suggest that, while some criticisms of the concept of postfordism have highlighted important problems and issues, the Fordist/postfordist framework can be elaborated as an analytically coherent, theoretically illuminating approach to the historical, institutional, and comparative analysis of work and employment. Although researchers appear to be using the concept of postfordism increasingly less frequently over the last decade, I argue that it provides a unifying framework within which to analyze work and employment relations in the current phase of capitalism, which is characterized by an apparent variety of new organizational forms within a broader context of increasing disconnectedness of economic institutions. Lean production has become established as the predominant postfordist labor process, widespread in manufacturing but also increasingly being implemented in services. However, this must be distinguished from a broader set of changes in employment relations.
Barcode haplotype variation in north American agroecosystem lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: GREENSTONE MATTHEW H. , VANDENBERG NATALIA J. , HU JING H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDNA barcodes have proven invaluable in identifying and distinguishing insect pests, most notably for determining the provenance of exotic invasives, but relatively few insect natural enemies have been barcoded. We used Folmer et al.’s (1994) universal invertebrate primers and Hebert et al.’s (2004) for Lepidoptera, to amplify 658 bp at the 5′ end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) gene in five species of lady beetles from crop fields in six states in the US Mid‐Atlantic, Plains and Midwest: three native species, Hippodamia convergens Guérin‐Méneville, H. parenthesis (Say) and Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer); and two exotic species, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus. Sequence divergences within species were low, never exceeding 0.9% (Kimura 2‐parameter distances). Sequence divergences between the two Hippodamia species ranged from 14.7 to 16.4%, mirroring the relationships found for other arthropod taxa. Among the exotic species, C. septempunctata sequences were as variable as those of the three native species, while H. axyridis populations comprised a single haplotype. Limited data on two Coleomegilla subspecies, C. m. lengi Timberlake and C. m. fuscilabris (Mulsant), are consistent with their belonging to the same species, although morphological and reproductive data indicate that they represent separate species. Our results support the general utility of COI barcodes for distinguishing and diagnosing coccinellid species, but point to possible limitations in the use of barcodes to resolve species assignments in recently divergent sibling species.
DNA barcodes for Mexican Cactaceae, plants under pressure from wild collecting
Authors: YESSON CHRIS , BÁRCENAS ROLANDO T. , HERNÁNDEZ HÉCTOR M. , De La LUZ RUIZ‐MAQUEDA MARÍA , PRADO ALBERTO , RODRÍGUEZ VÍCTOR M. , HAWKINS JULIE A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDNA barcodes could be a useful tool for plant conservation. Of particular importance is the ability to identify unknown plant material, such as from customs seizures of illegally collected specimens. Mexican cacti are an example of a threatened group, under pressure because of wild collection for the xeriscaping trade and private collectors. Mexican cacti also provide a taxonomically and geographically coherent group with which to test DNA barcodes. Here, we sample the matK barcode for 528 species of Cactaceae including approximately 75% of Mexican species and test the utility of the matK region for species‐level identification. We find that the matK DNA barcode can be used to identify uniquely 77% of species sampled, and 79–87% of species of particular conservation importance. However, this is far below the desired rate of 95% and there are significant issues for PCR amplification because of the variability of primer sites. Additionally, we test the nuclear ITS regions for the cactus subfamily Opuntioideae and for the genus Ariocarpus (subfamily Cactoideae). We observed higher rates of variation for ITS (86% unique for Opuntioideae sampled) but a much lower PCR success, encountering significant intra‐individual polymorphism in Ariocarpus precluding the use of this marker in this taxon. We conclude that the matK region should provide useful information as a DNA barcode for Cactaceae if the problems with primers can be addressed, but matK alone is not sufficiently variable to achieve species‐level identification. Additional complementary regions should be investigated as ITS is shown to be unsuitable.
Human dendritic cells promote an antiviral immune response when stimulated by CVT-E002
Authors: Ilarraza Ramses , Wu Yingqi , Davoine Francis , Ebeling Cory , Adamko Darryl J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Objectives
There is interest in developing new compounds to enhance the immune response to airway virus infections. CVT-E002 is a patented ginseng extract shown to decrease symptoms of virus infection in clinical trials. We hypothesized that the mechanism for this antiviral effect could be through modulation of dendritic cells leading to enhanced T-cell activation.

Methods
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) exposed to CVT-E002 (or not) were co-cultured with autologous T cells, with or without virus (respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza virus). Effects of CVT-E002 on cell function were determined through flow cytometry, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and ELISA.

Key findings
moDC cultured with CVT-E002 or virus induced greater activation of T cells, as measured by CD25 expression and BrdU incorporation, compared with untreated moDC. Responding T cells were CD4+CD45RO+. Co-cultures of CVT-E002 treated moDC with T cells responded with increased release of Th1-type cytokines (interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-12). CVT-E002-treated moDC showed increased expression of CD83, CD80 and CD86. Lipopolysaccharide levels were not detected in CVT-E002 and antagonists for Toll-like receptor-4 did not inhibit CVT-E002-induced moDC maturation.

Conclusions
CVT-E002 induced moDC maturation, which caused increased memory T-cell activation and Th1-type cytokine response.
Cognitive ability, academic achievement and academic self‐concept: Extending the internal/external frame of reference model
Authors: Chen Ssu‐Kuang , Hwang Fang‐Ming , Yeh Yu‐Chen , Lin Sunny S. J. 
Published: April 2011

Background. Marsh's internal/external (I/E) frame of reference model depicts the relationship between achievement and self‐concept in specific academic domains. Few efforts have been made to examine concurrent relationships among cognitive ability, achievement, and academic self‐concept (ASC) within an I/E model framework.Aim. To simultaneously examine the influences of domain‐specific cognitive ability and grades on domain self‐concept in an extended I/E model, including the indirect effect of domain‐specific cognitive ability on domain self‐concept via grades.Sample. Tenth grade respondents (628 male, 452 female) to a national adolescent survey conducted in Taiwan.Method. Respondents completed surveys designed to measure maths and verbal aptitudes. Data on Maths and Chinese class grades and self‐concepts were also collected.Results. Statistically significant and positive path coefficients were found between cognitive ability and self‐concept in the same domain (direct effect) and between these two constructs via grades (indirect effect). The cross‐domain effects of either ability or grades on ASC were negatively significant.Conclusions. Taiwanese 10th graders tend to evaluate their ASCs based on a mix of ability and achievement, with achievement as a mediator exceeding ability as a predictor. In addition, the cross‐domain effects suggest that Taiwanese students are likely to view Maths and verbal abilities and achievements as distinctly different.
Pilot Testing of Methods for Evaluation of Acupuncture for Emesis during Radiotherapy: A Randomised Single Subject Experimental Design
Authors: Enblom Anna , Tomasson Annica , Hammar Mats , Steineck Gunnar , Börjeson Sussanne 
Published: April 2011

Background Many acupuncture studies are of weak methodological quality, possibly due to lack of pilot testing. This pilot study tested design features, including test of feasibility, compliance to treatment and data collection, level of blinding success and the patients’ potential perceived effects of the treatment, in preparation for an efficacy study. Method A modified single subject experimental design was conducted. 10 cancer patients were randomised to verum penetrating acupuncture or non-penetrating sham needles for 30 min 2–3 times/week during radiotherapy over abdomen/pelvis. They answered test-retested emesis questions (r=0.527–1.0) covering nausea, vomiting, use of antiemetics, wellbeing and activities of daily living. Results Overall, the patients completed 98% of the 345 emesis-questionnaire days and 101 of the 115 offered treatments. All patients believed they received verum acupuncture. 10 patients experienced antiemetic effects, seven relaxation, five pain-reduction and five experienced sleep improvement. Two types of nausea questions showed absolute concordance (r=1.0) (n of observations=456). Nausea was experienced by one of five verum acupuncture treated patients (duration median 0% of the radiotherapy-days) and four of five sham acupuncture treated patients (duration median 24% of the radiotherapy-days). Patients experiencing nausea rated decreased wellbeing and performance of daily activities compared to patients free from nausea. Conclusions All patients were blinded, complied with verum/sham treatments and data-collection, and believed they had effects of the received treatment. The methods for verum/sham treatment and data collection may thus be used in an adequately powered randomised controlled study of the effect of acupuncture for radiotherapy-induced emesis.
MRI of the knee in asymptomatic adolescent swimmers: a controlled study
Authors: Soder Ricardo Bernardi , Mizerkowski Mariana Damian , Petkowicz Rose , Baldisserotto Matteo 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundSwimming is a widespread sporting activity generally regarded as an ideal form of exercise, which has little or no impact on the knees. However, overuse or repetitive microtrauma injuries may often affect the knee joint of young competitive swimmers. These early lesions are frequently asymptomatic for a considerable period of time before causing discomfort or joint pain.PurposeThe aim of the present study is to use MRI to evaluate the knee joints of asymptomatic young elite swimmers and to compare them with age- and sex-matched controls who do not practice any impact sports regularly.Study designCross-sectional case–control study.Material and methodsThe authors performed a cross-sectional controlled study to evaluate 54 knees of 27 asymptomatic male adolescents aged 14–15 years, paired by age and weight. Participants were divided in two groups: 13 elite swimmers and 14 control adolescents. The authors performed all the exams using a 0.35-T open-field MRI unit and evaluated by two experienced radiologists blinded to study groups. The images were evaluated to detect the presence or absence of abnormalities.ResultsOne or more imaging abnormalities were detected in 18 knees in the group of swimmers (69.2%; p=0.013). The most prevalent findings in the athletes were infrapatellar fat pad edema (53.8%; p=0.049), followed by bone marrow edema (26.9%; p=0.022), edema of prefemoral fat pad (19%; p=0.022) and joint effusion (15.3%; p=0.047).ConclusionSignificantly more MRI abnormalities were found in the knee joints of asymptomatic adolescent elite swimmers. This high prevalence of positive imaging findings in swimmers may correspond to benign changes or preclinical lesions, which should be evaluated in a follow-up study.
Understanding provision of chemotherapy to patients with end stage cancer: qualitative interview study: Table 1
Authors: Buiting Hilde M , Rurup Mette L , Wijsbek Henri , van Zuylen Lia , den Hartogh Govert 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo examine health professionals' experiences of and attitudes towards the provision of chemotherapy to patients with end stage cancer.DesignPurposive, qualitative design based on in-depth interviews.SettingOncology departments at university hospitals and general hospitals in the Netherlands.Participants14 physicians and 13 nurses who cared for patients with metastatic cancer.ResultsPhysicians and nurses reported trying to inform patients fully about their poor prognosis and treatment options. They would carefully consider the (side) effects of chemotherapy and sometimes doubted whether further treatment would contribute to patients' quality of life. Both groups considered the patients' wellbeing to be important, and physicians seemed inclined to try to preserve this by offering further chemotherapy, often followed by the patient. Nurses were more often inclined to express their doubts about further treatment, preferring to allow patients to make the best use of the time that is left. When confronted with a treatment dilemma and a patient's wish for treatment, physicians preferred to make compromises, such as by “trying out one dose.” Discussing death or dying with patients while at the same time administering chemotherapy was considered contradictory as this could diminish the patients' hope.ConclusionsThe trend to greater use of chemotherapy at the end of life could be explained by patients' and physicians' mutually reinforcing attitudes of “not giving up” and by physicians' broad interpretation of patients' quality of life, in which taking away patients' hope by withholding treatment is considered harmful. To rebalance the ratio of quantity of life to quality of life, input from other health professionals, notably nurses, may be necessary.