bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between single‐walled carbon nanotubes and alkyl‐polyglycerol derivatives
Authors: Setaro Antonio , Popeney Chris S. , Trappmann Britta , Haag Rainer , Reich Stephanie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe use three alkyl‐polyglycerol derivatives to suspend single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The molecules differ by the aromatic moieties between the alkyl tail and the polyglycerol head. The suspended nanotubes are analysed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. We observe a dependence of the luminescence intensity and hence nanotube abundance on the aromatic moieties. Interestingly, the strength of interaction depends on the nanotube families.magnified image
Molecular sketch of the studied surfactants.
Honeydew honey as a potent antibacterial agent in eradication of multi‐drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from cancer patients
Authors: Majtan Juraj , Majtanova Lubica , Bohova Jana , Majtan Viktor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMulti‐drug resistance in nosocomial pathogens is a continually evolving and alarming problem in health care units. Since ancient times, honey has been used successfully for the treatment of a broad spectrum of infections with no risk of resistance development.This study investigated the antibacterial activity of two natural honeys, namely honeydew and manuka, against 20 nosocomial multi‐drug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) isolates from cancer patients. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion method with 20 antibiotic disks. The antibacterial activity of honey was determined using a broth dilution method. The concentration of honey used in the study was within the range of 3.75% to 25% (w/v). All 20 clinical isolates were multi‐drug resistant against 11 to 19 antibiotics. The MICs for honeydew honey ranged from 6.25% to 17.5%, while those for active manuka honey ranged from 7.5% to 22.5%. Honeydew honey had lower MICs than manuka honey against 16 of the tested isolates.This study showed that Slovak honeydew honey has exceptional antibacterial activity against multi‐drug resistant S. maltophilia isolates and was more efficient than manuka honey (UMF 15+). Honeydew honey with strong antibacterial activity could be used as a potential agent to eradicate multi‐drug resistant clinical isolates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Autonomous Maritime Navigation (AMN) project: Field tests, autonomous and cooperative behaviors, data fusion, sensors, and vehicles
Authors: Elkins Les , Sellers Drew , Monach W. Reynolds 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMany small boat operations can be considered in the categories of “dull, dirty, or dangerous” jobs that are appropriate for automation. Dull jobs include long‐range missions or surveillance tasks that can cause physical or mental fatigue in the crew. In addition, operational considerations may limit a human operator's time, such as exposure to heat or cold or union rules on maximum hours per day or job. The marine environment can be a dirty one as well, with wind‐driven salt spray damaging unprotected eyes. And military operations such as riverine patrol or interception of potentially hostile craft can be dangerous for a human crew. Robotic systems allowing autonomous small boat operations can be a good match by providing rugged systems that keep sailors out of harm's way and also display “digital acuity” in that their sensors will be as efficient in their first hour of patrolling as in their last. This paper describes work done to build and test an autonomy system allowing several different boats to perform significant missions both by themselves and in cooperative modes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Local resilience of almost spanning trees in random graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Csaba Béla , Samotij Wojciech 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe prove that for fixed integer D and positive reals α and γ, there exists a constant C0 such that for all p satisfying p(n) ≥ C0/n, the random graph G(n,p) asymptotically almost surely contains a copy of every tree with maximum degree at most D and at most (1 ‐ α)n vertices, even after we delete a (1/2 ‐ γ)‐fraction of the edges incident to each vertex. The proof uses Szemerédi's regularity lemma for sparse graphs and a bipartite variant of the theorem of Friedman and Pippenger on embedding bounded degree trees into expanding graphs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Retrieval of a Metabolite from Cells with Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules
Authors: Studer Deborah , Palankar Raghavendra , Bédard Matthieu , Winterhalter Mathias , Springer Sebastian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo monitor cellular processes in individual cells, it is important to measure the concentrations of intracellular metabolites and to retrieve them for analysis. The use of functionalized polyelectrolyte microcapsules as intracellular sensors for in vivo reporting is persented. Capsules loaded with streptavidin–rhodamine, which was introduced into fibroblasts by electroporation, autonomously escaped from an endocytic compartment and efficiently recruited biotin–fluorescein from the cytosol. This work demonstrates the utility of polyelectrolyte microcapsules for intracellular capture of metabolites and eventually for drug delivery on an organismic level.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Dependent Formation of Heterotopic Tendon-Bone Insertions (Osteotendinous Junctions)
Authors: Shahab-Osterloh Sandra , Witte Frank , Hoffmann Andrea , Winkel Andreas , Laggies Sandra , Neumann Berit , Seiffart Virginia , Lindenmaier Werner , Gruber Achim D. , Ringe Jochen , Häupl Thomas , Thorey Fritz , Willbold Elmar , Corbeau Pierre , Gross Gerhard 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Ligament-to-bone and tendon-to-bone interfaces (entheses, osteotendinous junctions [OTJs]) serve to dissipate stress between soft tissue and bone. Surgical reconstruction of these interfaces is an issue of considerable importance as they are prone to injury and the integration of bone and tendon/ligament is in general not satisfactory. We report here the stem cell-dependent spontaneous formation of fibrocartilaginous and fibrous entheses in heterotopic locations of the mouse if progenitors possess a tenogenic and osteo-/chondrogenic capacity. This study followed the hypothesis that enhanced Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-signaling in adult mesenchymal stem cells that are induced for tendon formation may overcome the tendon-inherent interference with bone formation and may thus allow the stem cell-dependent formation of tendon-bone interfaces. The tenogenic and osteo-/chondrogenic competence was mediated by the adeno- and/or lentiviral expression of the biologically active Smad8 signaling mediator (Smad8ca) and of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2). Modified mesenchymal progenitors were implanted in subcutaneous or intramuscular sites of the mouse. The stem cell-dependent enthesis formation was characterized histologically by immunohistological approaches and by in situ hybridization. Transplantation of modified murine stem cells resulted in the formation of tendinous and osseous structures exhibiting fibrocartilage-type OTJs, while, in contrast, the viral modification of primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells showed evidence of fibrous tendon-bone interface formation. Moreover, it could be demonstrated that Smad8ca expression alone was sufficient for the formation of tendon/ligament-like structures. These findings may contribute to the establishment of stem cell-dependent regenerative therapies involving tendon/ligaments and to the improvement of the insertion of tendon grafts at bony attachment sites, eventually.
Opposing Putative Roles for Canonical and Noncanonical NFκB Signaling on the Survival, Proliferation, and Differentiation Potential of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Chunbo , Atkinson Stuart P. , Vilella Felipe , Lloret Maria , Armstrong Lyle , Mann Derek A. , Lako Majlinda 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The canonical and noncanonical NFκB signaling pathways regulate a variety of cellular activities; however, their functions in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have not been fully investigated. Expression studies during hESC differentiation indicated a significant increase in the expression of two key components of the canonical NFκB pathway (p50 and Ser529 phosphorylated form of p65) as well as a significant reduction in expression of key components of the noncanonical NFκB pathway [v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB), p52, NIK]. Inhibition of canonical NFκB resulted in hESC apoptosis, changes in cell cycle distribution, and reduced hESC proliferation. In addition, inhibition of canonical NFκB was associated with significant changes in NANOG and OCT4 expression, suppression of differentiation toward all primitive extraembryonic and embryonic lineages with the exception of primitive ectoderm and ectodermal lineages. Inhibition of noncanonical NFκB via small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of RELB resulted in reduced hESC proliferation and opposite changes to expression of key differentiation lineage markers genes when compared with downregulation of canonical NF-κB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated binding of p65 and RELB to regulatory regions of key differentiation marker genes suggesting a direct transcriptional role for both branches of this pathway in hESC. These findings coupled with opposing trends in expression of key components during hESC differentiation, suggests a fine and opposing balance between the two branches of NFκB signaling pathways and their involvement in two distinct processes: the canonical pathway regulating hESC differentiation and the noncanonical pathway maintaining hESC pluripotency.
Memory in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Reprogrammed Human Retinal-Pigmented Epithelial Cells Show Tendency for Spontaneous Redifferentiation
Authors: Hu Qirui , Friedrich Amy M. , Johnson Lincoln V. , Clegg Dennis O. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from a variety of somatic cell types via introduction of transcription factors that mediate pluripotency. However, it is unknown that all cell types can be reprogrammed and whether the origin of the parental cell ultimately determines the behavior of the resultant iPS cell line. We sought to determine whether human retinal-pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells could be reprogrammed, and to test the hypothesis that reprogrammed cells retain a “memory” of their origin in terms of propensity for differentiation. We reprogrammed primary fetal RPE cells via lentiviral expression of OCT4, SOX2, LIN28, and Nanog. The iPS cell lines derived from RPE exhibited morphologies similar to human embryonic stem cells and other iPS cell lines, expressed stem cell markers, and formed teratomas-containing derivatives of all three germ layers. To test whether these iPS cells retained epigenetic imprints from the parental RPE cells, we analyzed their propensity for spontaneous differentiation back into RPE after removal of FGF2. We found that some, but not all, iPS lines exhibited a marked preference for redifferentiation into RPE. Our results show that RPE cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency, and suggest that they often retain a memory of their previous state of differentiation.
Cardiospheres Recapitulate a Niche-Like Microenvironment Rich in Stemness and Cell-Matrix Interactions, Rationalizing Their Enhanced Functional Potency for Myocardial Repair
Authors: Li Tao-Sheng , Cheng Ke , Lee Shuo-Tsan , Matsushita Satoshi , Davis Darryl , Malliaras Konstantinos , Zhang Yiqiang , Matsushita Noriko , Smith Rachel Ruckdeschel , Marbán Eduardo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are promising candidates for use in myocardial regenerative therapy. We test the hypothesis that growing cardiac-derived cells as three-dimensional cardiospheres may recapitulate a stem cell niche-like microenvironment, favoring cell survival and enhancing functional benefit after transplantation into the injured heart. CSCs and supporting cells from human endomyocardial biopsies were grown as cardiospheres and compared with cells cultured under traditional monolayer condition or dissociated from cardiospheres. Cardiospheres self-assembled into stem cell niche-like structures in vitro in suspension culture, while exhibiting greater proportions of c-kit+ cells and upregulated expression of SOX2 and Nanog. Pathway-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunostaining revealed enhanced expression of stem cell-relevant factors and adhesion/extracellular-matrix molecules (ECM) in cardiospheres including IGF-1, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), Tert, integrin-α2, laminin-β1, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Implantation of cardiospheres in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse hearts with acute infarction disproportionately improved cell engraftment and myocardial function, relative to monolayer-cultured cells. Dissociation of cardiospheres into single cells decreased the expression of ECM and adhesion molecules and undermined resistance to oxidative stress, negating the improved cell engraftment and functional benefit in vivo. Growth of cardiac-derived cells as cardiospheres mimics stem cell niche properties with enhanced “stemness” and expression of ECM and adhesion molecules. These changes underlie an increase in cell survival and more potent augmentation of global function following implantation into the infarcted heart.
Orthogonal array experiment in systems engineering and architecting
Authors: Huynh Thomas V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper espouses the application of orthogonal array experiment to solve a class of engineering optimization problems encountered in systems engineering and architecting. It also illustrates the applicability of orthogonal array experiment in systems engineering and architecting with two examples: verification and validation of the performance of a bandwidth allocation algorithm and architecting of a system of systems to respond to small boat attacks by terrorists. The orthogonal array experiment approach does not call for linearization of nonlinear engineering optimization problems; using orthogonal arrays, it solves them directly by carrying out the smallest possible number of experiments and determining their solutions from the results of the experiments. The orthogonal array experiment method has been found to be effective and efficient for these problems. The feasibility of applying the orthogonal array experiment approach to these problems suggests its potential application to other optimization problems encountered in systems engineering and architecting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 208–222, 2011
Dynamic maritime systems inquiry: The DIVER approach
Authors: Ng Tsan‐Sheng , Lam Shao‐Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe approach of thinking about systems as a whole with the explicit consideration of complex interactions between its constituents is the key conceptual framework underlying systems thinking. Such an approach is particularly useful for unraveling the dynamic interactions that confounds present‐day maritime systems. In this work, we propose the DIVER systems inquiry framework as a logical and platform to guide the systems thinking process in elucidating the maritime dynamics. We describe the implementation of system dynamics modeling and simulation as a particularly relevant tool within this framework. Its role as a structural modeling and analysis tool for various supply‐demand problems is described. Furthermore, as a means to facilitate the systems thinking process in this framework, we propose a set of archetypical system structures that can explain some commonly observed maritime dynamics. Finally, a case study on the evolution of global container ship capacity based on DIVER is presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14:
Prevalence of maternal cardiac defects in women with high‐resistance uterine artery Doppler indices
Authors: Melchiorre K. , Sutherland G. R. , Liberati M. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of previously undiagnosed cardiac structural abnormalities in pregnant women with normal‐ and high‐resistance midtrimester uterine artery Doppler indices.MethodsMaternal transthoracic echocardiography was undertaken in asymptomatic pregnant women after uterine artery Doppler screening for pre‐eclampsia at 21–23 weeks' gestation. Women with a mean uterine artery pulsatility index above the 90th centile (1.25) for the local population (multiethnic, socially diverse and migrant) were considered to have high‐resistance uteroplacental blood flow indices. The prevalence of newly diagnosed cardiac structural defects in these women was recorded.ResultsA total of 491 women underwent echocardiography, of whom 205 had high‐resistance uterine artery blood flow indices. There were nine previously undiagnosed, functionally significant cardiac defects in the high‐resistance uterine artery blood flow group and only one, functionally insignificant cardiac defect in the normal‐resistance group (P = 0.005; relative risk = 12.6, 95% confidence interval, 1.60–98.34). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that both uterine artery Doppler indices (P = 0.024) and ethnicity (P = 0.048) contributed independently towards a higher prevalence of cardiac defects.ConclusionsThe prevalence of previously undiagnosed maternal cardiac structural abnormalities is significantly increased in women with high midtrimester uterine artery Doppler resistance indices. This observation has important consequences for the current and long‐term medical care provided to these patients. Detailed maternal cardiac assessment with echocardiography may be required in migrant women with high uterine artery Doppler indices. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of anterior sacral meningocele
Authors: Sumi A. , Sato Y. , Kakui K. , Tatsumi K. , Fujiwara H. , Konishi I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnterior sacral meningocele is an extremely rare condition and there has been only one previous report of a prenatal diagnosis. We report the case of a 36‐year‐old primigravida who was referred following detection of a huge fetal pelvic cyst on routine ultrasound examination at 19 + 4 weeks' gestation. Neither fetal ultrasound nor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 20 + 5 weeks' gestation could detect communication between the cyst and the spinal cord. Because extension of the pear‐shaped cyst through the pelvic diaphragm down to the perineum was reminiscent of dilated vagina and uterine cervix, a tentative diagnosis of hydrometrocolpos secondary to imperforate hymen was considered. On follow‐up MRI at 33 + 5 weeks' gestation, a narrow stalk connecting the pelvic cyst and the spinal canal through the anterior sacral foramen was clearly delineated, allowing us to reach the prenatal diagnosis of anterior sacral meningocele. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einsatz von Vorpumpen im Aluminium‐Ätzprozeß Erprobung trockenverdichtender Klauenpumpen und ölgedichteter Drehschiebervakuumpumpen im Vergleich
Authors: Bachmann Paul , Kuhn Monika 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWir haben trockenverdichtende Vakuumpumpen vom Klauenprinzip und ölgedichtete Drehschiebervakuumpumpen als Vorpumpen beim Ätzen von AlSi 1‐Substraten erprobt. Beide Pumptypen mußten dabei gleichermaßen sublimierendes Aluminiumtrichlorid (AlCl3) wie korrosives Bortrichlorid (BCl3) und Chlor (Cl2) bewältigen. In Drehschiebervakuumpumpen wird die Hauptmenge des AlCl3 als Feststoff im Öl akkumuliert und muß durch geeignete Ölfilter aus dem Öl entfernt werden. Die zunehmende Zersetzung des teueren PFPE‐Öls durch AlCl3, die sich durch eine schrittweise Verschlechterung des erreichbaren Enddrucks bemerkbar macht, wurde IR‐spektroskopisch verfolgt. Nach einem Durchsatz von 10.000 Wafern muß der Ölfilter gewechselt werden. Nach 30.000 Wafern ist eine komplette Wartung der Drehschiebervakuumpumpe erforderlich. Demgegenüber wird, geeignete Betriebsweise vorausgesetzt, AlCl3 problemlos durch die ölfrei verdichtende Vakuumpumpe hindurch gefördert.Etwa 100.000 Wafer wurden geätzt, ca. 4 kg AlCl3 durch die Klauenpumpe gefördert, ohne daß eine Wartung erforderlich war. Die Pumpe wurde anschließend demontiert, sie befand sich in makellosem Zustand.
Die Entwicklung der Turbomolekularpumpe
Authors: Henning Jörgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVon den Anfängen der Entwicklung der Turbomolekularpumpe ausgehend, wird die technische Entwicklung dieser Vakuumpumpe bis zum heutigen Stand der Technik behandelt. Die neuesten Kombinationen von Turbomolekularpumpen mit molekularen Pumpstufen ermöglichen den Einsatz von kleinen trockenen Vorpumpen. Trends für die zukünftige Entwicklung bei Turbomolekularpumpen werden erwähnt.
Aufbau, Betriebsverhalten und Regelbarkeit von Dampfstrahl‐Vakuumpumpen
Authors: Hinrichs Frerich 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEs werden die wichtigsten Grundlagen, die besonderen Merkmale und Eigenschaften von Dampfstrahl‐Vakuumpumpen erklärt.Unabhängig von der Art der Vakuumpumpe werden Maßnahmen geschildert, die dazu dienen, möglichst wenig Schadstoffe in die Umwelt abzugeben. Es wird dabei erläutert, mit wieviel Schadstoff sich die Leckluft sättigt, und daraus die Konsequenz gezogen, Vakuumanlagen möglichst gut abzudichten. Vakuumpumpen sollen nicht überdimensioniert sein, weil sie sonst, ihrem Saugvermögen entsprechend, mehr Schadstoffe absaugen als notwendig ist. Dazu gehört auch, daß man das Saugvermögen der Vakuumpumpe regelt. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten, die es hierfür bei Verwendung von Dampfstrahl‐Vakuumpumpen gibt, werden aufgezeigt.Um Energie einzusparen, werden Dampfstrahl‐Vakuumpumpen mit Kon‐#### ###densatoren und anderen Vakuumpumpen kombiniert. Auf zusätzliche Energiesparmöglichkeiten wie Dampfersparnis‐Regelung, Abschalten einzelner Verdichterstufen, Einsatz von Kältemitteln etc. wird hingewiesen. Dampfstrahl‐Vakuumpumpen werden nicht nur mit Wasserdampf, sondern auch mit anderen Dämpfen betrieben und arbeiten dann abwasserfrei. Dampfstrahl‐Vakuumpumpen zeichnen sich durch maximale Betriebssicherheit und geringen Wartungsaufwand aus.
Vakuumtechnik im Chemielabor
Authors: Eckle Franz J. , Jorisch Wolfgang , Lachenmann Rudolf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEs werden neue Wege zur Vakuumerzeugung im Chemielabor aufgezeigt.Oberstes Ziel ist, Umweltschutz zu praktizieren und dabei die Betriebskosten für die Vakuumerzeugung gering zu halten.Darüber hinaus wird über den richtigen Einsatz sowie über notwendige konstruktive Details moderner Vakuumerzeuger wie Drehschiebervakuumpumpen und Membranvakuumpumpen berichtet.Der Betrieb dieser Vakuumerzeuger kann durch geeignete Vakuumregler optimiert werden. Über Vakuumregler für das Chemielabor wird ebenfalls referiert.
Stress tuning in AIN thin films
Authors: Rille E. , Öfner H. , Zarwasch R. , Pulker H. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAluminium nitride films were deposited on fused silica by reactive dc magnetron sputtering from an Al‐target in an Ar/N2 atmosphere.In‐situ measurements during deposition provided data concerning mechanical stresses inherent to the growing thin films. By variation of both the gas composition (Ar, N2) and the total gas flow in the vacuum chamber, the occuring intrinsic stresses could be shifted in magnitude and direction. Stress values of the AIN films ranged from −0.9 GPa (compressive) to +1.2 GPa (tensile) when the Ar/N2 ratio was varied between 3:1 and 1:3 for the different total gas flows of 50 sccm, 100 sccm, and 200 sccm (corresponding to total gas pressures of approximately 2 × 10−1 Pa, 4 × 10−1 Pa, and 8 × 10−1 Pa respectively).Investigations of optical and structural film properties were carried out and the results were related to the observed film stress.