bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapse of osteoporosis circumscripta as a lytic ring after treatment of Paget's disease with intravenous 3-amino-1 hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate
Authors: Anderson D. C. , O'Driscoll J. B. , Buckler H. M. , Cantrill J. , Brown J. D. K. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Two patients with osteoporosis circumscripta of the skull are presented who have each been treated with a 3-month course of intravenous infusions of (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) (total dose of 185 and 375 mg), which in both cases was associated with rapid and dramatic remineralization of the porotic bone and marked clinical and biochemical remission. However, osteolytic disease reappeared (after 9 and 18 months, respectively) in both cases as an osteolytic ring showing high uptake of radiolabelled bisphosphonate on bone scan, in formerly unaffected bone just distal to the original leading edge of osteolysis. Further treatment was associated with healing of these new lesions. These cases suggest that the diseased osteoclasts entering previously normal bone are protected against the drug probably because normal bone matrix takes up relatively little APD, and that APD taken up by diseased bone behind this front confers long-term resistance to further resorption. In assessing treatment strategies with bisphosphonates for Paget's disease, the response at the leading edge of osteoporosis circumscripta may be particularly informative.
Dynamic low-dose three-dimensional computed tomography: a preliminary study
Authors: Gholkar A. , Gillespie J. E. , Hart C. W. , Mott D. , Isherwood I. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic reformations have been used successfully as an adjunct to standard axial computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of disorders affecting areas of complex anatomy. The basic requirements for high-quality 3D reformations are an absence of patient movement and narrow-width transaxial sections. Speed of examination is an important factor in optimizing image quality. One hundred examinations were performed on an IGE CT 9800 scanner. For bone studies, 80 rnAs and, for certain soft tissues, 140 or 200 mAs were employed with 120 kVp. The advantages of such a “lowdose” technique are significant reduction in patient skin dose and a faster examination. The main disadvantage is a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio. The image quality obtained in 3D presentations has nevertheless been sufficient to enable all bony abnormalities to be identified. Three-dimensional examinations are now being performed routinely using a dynamic mode and this “lowdose” technique.
99Tcm-HMPAO single photon emission tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral barotrauma
Authors: Macleod M. A. , Adkisson G. H. , Fox M. J. , Pearson R. R. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Cerebral barotrauma, or the neurological manifestation of the “bends”, is a relatively common disease of divers and aviators. To date, however, no–one has succeeded in demonstrating a cerebral or spinal cord lesion in vivo following a decompression incident, despite the presence of definitive clinical signs and symptoms of central nervous system involvement. This paper describes the use of 99Tcm-labelled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcm-HMPAO) with single photon emission tomography in a study of three individuals involved in driving accidents. All three suffered cerebral barotrauma during decompression and all exhibited clinical signs and symptoms of dysbarism to a varying degree. Imaging was performed at time intervals ranging from 2 h to several days following the incidents. The results showed well defined cerebral ischaemic lesions in all three subjects. We conclude that 99Tcm-HMPAO imaging provides a significant advance in locating and demonstrating cerebral lesions following barotrauma and will contribute greatly to our understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved.
Reduction of tumour bed effect after angiogenic stimulation
Authors: Penhaligon Miranda , Courtenay V. Doreen , Camplejohn R. S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A new two-tumour system has been developed to examine the effect of an angiogenic stimulus on the tumour bed effect (TBE) in C3H mouse skin treated with 20 Gy X rays. The first tumour was implanted intradermally to stimulate angiogenesis. The Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) was used for this since it is isogeneic in C57 Bl mice and after initial growth (mean volume 69 mm3), tumours completely regressed within 24 days. The second tumour, the RIF–1 fibrosarcoma (RIF) isogeneic to C3H mice was used to assess stromal function using the TBE assay. After complete regression of the 3LL tumour, RIF cells were implanted into the centre of the stimulated sites and 24 days later the resulting RIF tumours were excised and the TBE measured from the yield of viable RIF cells obtained from each tumour. There was an approximately 10-fold increase in cell yield from tumours implanted into stimulated, pre-irradiated beds compared with those implanted into unstimulated, pre-irradiated beds. This suggests that the angiogenic stimulus provided by the growth of the 3LL tumour led to a substantial restoration of the capacity of the radiation-damaged stroma to support tumour growth. If stromal restoration, as seen during these experiments using artificially induced angiogenesis, was to occur in unstimulated stroma during the normal course of repair and regeneration, this slowly dividing tissue constituent might eventually recover given sufficient time. This raises the possibility that the role of the stroma in late radiation damage might not be as important as was previously thought.
Radiotherapy of epidermoid anal canal cancer
Authors: Dobrowsky W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Forty-eight patients with anal canal cancers were treated with surgery and irradiation or irradiation alone during the period 1970–1982. All cases were treated by external mega voltage equipment. The overall 5-year survival was 50%, and the local recurrence rate 33%. According to the therapy, four major groups were analysed: radical surgery followed by post-operative irradiation (5-year survival 43%, local recurrence rate 38%), incomplete major surgery and post-operative irradiation with very inferior prognosis (none of the patients surviving beyond 52 months). Two groups of patients had sphincter-saving procedures: local surgery followed by irradiation (5-year survival 78%, local recurrence rate 22%) and primary irradiation (5-year survival 57%, local recurrence rate 14%). Lymph node positive patients showed a median survival of 24.5 months against 52 months in N0 cases (5-year survival 21% against 50%). Side-effects of radiotherapy were transient and mild, and no late severe sequelae were seen. The data indicate that post-operative external radiotherapy seems insufficient and unable to decrease the local recurrence rate, especially when surgery is incomplete. Both spincter-saving surgery and radiotherapy, as well as primary irradiation, are effective treatment modalities. These data are analysed and future aspects considering combined radiochemotherapy are discussed.
Discriminant analysis on the treatment results of interstitial radium tongue implants
Authors: Hoshina Masao , Shibuya Hitoshi , Horiuchi Jun-lchi , Matsubara Sho , Suzuki Soji , Takeda Masamune 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Discriminant analysis was carried out for 48 tongue cancer patients who were treated with radium single-plane implantation. The 48 patients were grouped into 32 successfully cured without complications, five successfully cured with complications, six successfully cured but requiring additional boost therapy and five with local recurrence. To evaluate the relation between the dose distribution and the local treatment results, the analysis was based on a volume-dose relationship. The functions introduced by this discriminant analysis were linear, and the parameters used were modal dose, average dose and shape factors of histograms. Each group of treatment results had a correction rate of &gt;80%, except for the successfully cured group with ulcers. The discriminant functions were useful as an index to obtain a final clinical treatment result at the early time of implantation, and these functions could be used as a criterion for the optimal treatment of tongue carcinoma. We were also able to recognize the limitation of the actual arrangement of sources in the single-plane implant.
An indwelling intrauterine tube to facilitate intracavitary radiotherapy of carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Smit B. J. , du Toit J. P. , Groenewald W. A. 
Published: July 2009

This paper aims to show that the indwelling intrauterine tube (IIUT) is safe and can abolish repeated anaesthetics and large doses per fraction (Joslin et al, 1972) typical of high-dose-rate afterloading intracavitary treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. Highdose-rate schedules for Stage IB disease require as many as 12 (Liversage, 1969) to 17 (Dale, 1985) fractions for radiobiological equivalence with low-dose-rate schedules.
The purpose of the IIUT is to act as a semipermanent channel for the applicator tube of the afterloading unit. We use the Gammamed II with a single high-activity 192Ir source (Busch et al, 1977), but the IIUT could probably be adapted for use with any brachytherapy machine or even manual afterloading systems.
Van Buchem's disease with classical radiological features and appearances on cranial computed tomography
Authors: Cook J. V. , Phelps P. D. , Chandy J. 
Published: July 2009

Van Buchem's disease is a rare hereditary sclerosing dysplasia of bone which was first described by van Buchem, Hadders and Ubbens in the Netherlands in 1955. Their original description was of an autosomal recessive disease which particularly affects the skull, mandible and long bones, the characteristic feature of the latter being the endosteal deposition of bone, particularly in the diaphyses.
We present a patient who has the classical recessive form of the disease and has developed auditory and visual symptoms due to encroachment on cranial foramina by hyperostotic bone. The appearances on computed tomography (CT) are described.
This patient had an unusual appearance at birth. Her birth weight was below the 10th centile for her gestational age and she was noted to have a prominent forehead, a long anteverted upper lip and coarse wrinkling of the skin. She was born of unrelated parents after a full-term, normal delivery and pregnancy and there was no family history of any congenital diseases.
Growth and development progressed normally but a year later she developed a mild chest infection during which she had a chest radiograph which showed sclerosis of the clavicles, ribs and spines of the scapulae. A diagnosis of a sclerosing bone dysplasia was made and a later skeletal survey showed classical features of van Buchem's disease (Figs 1,2,3). Allied investigations were normal apart from a raised alkaline phosphatase of 820 i.u./l. She had a normal female karyotype.
Ossified leiomyoma of the stomach: demonstration on computed tomography
Authors: Savit Russ M. , Horrow Mindy M. , Agarwal Pasha 
Published: July 2009

Leiomyomas of the stomach with detectable calcification on plain radiographs are very uncommon, with only a few cases reported in the world literature (Garbarini & Price, 1950; Kolosky et al, 1950; Leigh, 1950; Steen & Newell, 1953; Crummy & Juhl, 1962; Graham et al, 1972; Kojima et al, 1981). We report a case of ossified leiomyoma of the stomach seen on computed tomography (CT) as well as plain radiography.
A 62-year-old white woman with a history of basal cell carcinoma of the face and melanoma of the right arm underwent a routine follow-up CT scan of the abdomen as an outpatient.
A colonic double bubble
Authors: Harrison Antony , Machin Louise , Grundy Alan 
Published: July 2009

A 62-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of two large abdominal swellings. There were no associated gastrointestinal or urinary symptoms and no history of previous abdominal surgery. On clinical examination, two 10 cm diameter, firm, mobile and non-tender masses were present in the left side of the abdomen. They were thought clinically to be arising within the abdominal wall. Clinical examination was otherwise unremarkable.
A supine abdominal radiograph (Fig. 1) was taken. Subsequently, a double-contrast brarium enema was performed (Fig. 2). What is the most likely diagnosis?
The plain abdominal radiograph shows two well circumscribed, oval, air-containing collections in the left side of the abdomen. The bowel gas pattern is otherwise unremarkable. The barium enema shows the sigmoid colon stretched around the two air-filled structures which do not fill with barium. There is evidence of diverticular disease in the adjacent sigmoid colon.
Functional changes in the irradiated rat ureter: assessment by transit-time renography
Authors: Knowles J. F. , Nimmon C. C. 
Published: July 2009

A primary requirement in the investigation of experimentally induced urinary tract obstruction is that there must be a reliable method of assessing the functional changes induced. In previous studies of the effects of X radiation on the rat urinary tract, assessment has used the relatively gross end-point of hydronephrosis development, as detected by regular renal palpation followed up by intravenous urography (Knowles, 1985; Knowles & Trott, 1987).
In order to detect early, subclinical changes and to obtain quantitative measures of radiation effects, more sensitive techniques are required. One such method which has proven successful in investigating human urinary tract obstruction is gamma camera renography. Deconvolution of the gamma camera renogram enables the estimation of radionuclide transit times through the kidney. Drawing of separate regions of interest round the pelvi-calyceal region allows separate whole kidney and parenchymal transit times to be calculated (Whitfield et al, 1978; Britton et al, 1979). Using these it is possible to obtain a measure of delay due to the obstruction and to determine whether or not nephron function is reduced.
We have been assessing the use of these techniques to examine changes occurring in the rat subsequent to localized irradiation of a length of ureter. This paper presents transit time results for the unobstructed urinary tract together with a description of the changes so far observed in radiation-induced obstructing uropathy.
Experiences at the new magnetic resonance imaging centre at Bristol
Authors: Thomson J. L. G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The magnetic resonance imaging unit in Bristol has been housed in a new purpose-built centre, shared between three District Health Authorities, but operated entirely separate from the National Health Service. Inasmuch as this is thought to be a unique arrangement, the publication of its finances and statistics have been readily tabulated at the end of its first year's operation, and may be of interest to others planning a similar organization.
Radical radiotherapy for carcinoma of the vulva
Authors: Slevin N. J. , Pointon R. C. S. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A study was made of 58 patients with carcinoma of the vulva treated by radical radiotherapy between 1965 and 1982. The choice of treatment technique was influenced by site and extent of disease as well as the general condition of the patient. The crude 5- year survival was 26% (15/58). Local control was achieved in 40% of cases and was associated with tumour size of 4 cm or less. Radionecrosis occurred in nine cases but none of these required surgical intervention. Surgery remains the treatment of choice for carcinoma of the vulva. This report emphasizes that radical radiotherapy has a curative potential in those cases considered unsuitable for surgery and that the necrosis type and rate are within the limits of acceptable morbidity.
Interstitial iridium-192 implantation for malignant brain tumours. Part II: Clinical experience
Authors: Chun M. , McKeough P. , Wu A. , Kasdon D. , Heros D. , Chang H. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The treatment results of 37 patients with malignant brain neoplasms treated with a computed-tomography-guided stereotactic iridium-192 implant are reviewed. Of these, 29 patients with high-grade gliomas (20 with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), nine with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA)) received an implant as part of their initial management. The median survival was 14.5 and 15.5 months in the patients with previously untreated GBM and AA, respectively. In those patients with recurrent tumour after external-beam irradiation, durable local control over a year was achieved with implantation. Increasing the total tumour dose from 120 to 160Gy did not improve survival or local control. Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was used as an indicator of quality of life and was seen to decrease with a median interval of 8.5 months following treatment. No severe complications were noted in the entire group of patients treated with this implant procedure.
Intraoperative radioactive localization of an osteoid osteoma: a useful variation in technique
Authors: Todd B. D. , Godfrey L. W. , Bodley R. N. 
Published: July 2009

Only complete excision of the nidus of an osteoid osteoma can guarantee cure. Localization of the nidus by using a gamma camera in theatre (Rinsky et al, 1980) is cumbersome and inaccurate in delineating how much bone should be excised. The use of a sterilizable, portable scaler-ratemeter (Colton & Hardy, 1983) provides good results, but the equipment is expensive to buy and maintain. The use of a scintillation well counter outside theatre to measure counts from bone punch biopsy specimens in and around the suspect area has also been reported (O'Brien et al, 1984). However, up to 24 specimens were required and operative time must have been substantially prolonged.
When a patient presented to our hospital with a probable osteoid osteoma we devised a variation on the above techniques which is reasonably speedy and only requires the type of gamma camera found in most nuclear medicine departments.
Alteration of cardiac myosin isozymes after whole-body irradiation
Authors: Litten R. Z. , Walden T. L. , Gainey G. T. , Nagai R. 
Published: July 2009

Three myosin isozymes (Vl, V2, V3) have been shown to exist in the heart. V1 isozyme, containing two α heavy chains, has relatively higher actin- and calcium-stimulated myosin adenosine triphophatase (ATPase) activities than does V3, which is composed of two β heavy chains (Hoh et al, 1978; Martin et al, 1982; Litten et al, 1983). V2 isozyme appears to be a heterodimer composed of one α and one β heavy chain (Hoh et al, 1979; Everett et al, 1983a).
The proportions of myosin isozymes are altered under various conditions of stress. During pressure-overload-induced hypertrophy, there is a shift toward the V3 isozyme (Mercadier et al, 1981; Litten et al, 1982). The amount of V3 isozyme is also increased with hypothyroidism and age and is decreased by hyperthyroidism and exercise (Litten et al, 1982; Everett et al, 1983b).
Changes in the relative amounts of V1 and V3 isozymes are believed to be responsible, in part, for altered cardiac performance. A high proportion of V3 isozyme is associated with relatively slow, economic tension development within the heart, whereas a high proportion of V1 isozyme is associated with a faster, but less economical force development (Schwartz etal, 1981; Alpert et al, 1983).
In this study, measurements of cardiac myosin isozymes were carried out in rats subjected to acute sublethal wholebody irradiation. The studies showed, for the first time, that there is a shift in the pattern of myosin isozymes 9 days after irradiation. This change may result in functional alterations of the heart following whole-body irradiation.
Paediatric brachytherapy. II. Brain implantation
Authors: Thomson E. S. , Afshar F. , Plowman P. N. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The case histories of four children with brain tumours, for whom stereotactic brachytherapy was indicated, are presented from the St Bartholomew's Hospital intracranial brachytherapy programme. The recent evolution of the computed-tomography-directed stereotactic technique is described and the uses of different radionuclides (198Au, 192Ir) are discussed. The future of brachytherapy for paediatric brain tumours is debated.
Experimental intra-arterial administration of SR-2508 in the rabbit V2 carcinoma model
Authors: Coldwell Douglas M. , Huff James , Marcellus Harvey , Coldwell Susan G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The use of the nitroimidazole radiation sensitizers, misonidazole and SR-2508, has been limited by a variety of sideeffects, principally peripheral neuropathies. In order to increase the effectiveness of radiosensitization and thereby reduce the administered dose of the sensitizers, intra-arterial delivery of SR-2508 was performed and followed with lOGy of 4MeV photon beam radiotherapy in the rabbit V2 carcinoma tumour model. Comparison was made with rabbits treated with an identical dose of SR-2508 given intravenously prior to photon beam radiotherapy. Control animals were treated with radiation therapy only, intraarterial SR-2508 only, or had no treatment. Neither the radiation therapy alone nor the SR-2508 alone had any effect on tumour growth. In the intra-arterial group, the tumour growth was slower and the size was significantly smaller than all other groups. The results suggest that the intra-arterial infusion of the radiation sensitizer produces greater response of the tumour than intravenous infusion when each is combined with radiation therapy.
Contribution of computed tomography in the aetiology and prognosis of cerebral palsy in children
Authors: Schouman-Claeys E. , Picard A. , Lalande G. , Kalifa G. , Lacert P. , Brentanos E. , Frija G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Retrospective analysis of computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 76 children with cerebral palsy without any severe intellectual handicap has revealed abnormalities in 63% of these chilren; abnormalities were present in 88% of former pre-term infants. This study highlights the significant pathogenic role of periventricular leucomalacia in cerebral palsy, since in 45% of the cases of this series this diagnosis had been reached as a result of a characteristic CT appearance associated with a history of premature birth and very specific clinical deficits. The CT abnormalities, mostly posterior and generally bilateral and symmetrical, affect the contours of the lateral ventricles, which become straight and angular, and often involve ventriculomegaly (85%). Localized juxtaventricular hypodensities were only found in a few cases (6%). The cognitive and intellectual sequelae in these children were more severe than in those children whose CT examination was normal, and were also more pronounced when the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum was enlarged.