bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melt processing, mechanical, and fatigue crack propagation properties of reactively compatibilized blends of polyamide 6 and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer
Authors: Handge Ulrich A. , Galeski Andrzej , Kim Sung Chul , Dijkstra Dirk J. , Götz Christian , Fischer Frank , Lim Goy Teck , Altstädt Volker , Gabriel Claus , Weber Martin , Steininger Helmut 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWithin a IUPAC study, melt processing, mechanical, and fatigue crack growth properties of blends of polyamide 6 (PA 6) and poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) (ABS) were investigated. We focused on the influence of reactive compatibilization on blend properties using a styrene–acrylonitrile–maleic anhydride random terpolymer (SANMA). Two series of PA 6/ABS blends with 30 wt % PA 6 and 70 wt % PA 6, respectively, were prepared with varying amounts of SANMA. Our experiments revealed that the morphology of the matrix (PA 6 or ABS) strongly affects the blend properties. The viscosity of PA 6/ABS blends monotonically increases with SANMA concentration because of the formation of high‐molecular weight graft copolymers. The extrudate swell of the blends was much larger than that of neat PA 6 and ABS and decreased with increasing SANMA concentrations at a constant extrusion pressure. This observation can be explained by the effect of the capillary number. The fracture resistance of these blends, including specific work to break and impact strength, is lower than that of PA 6 or ABS alone, but increases with SANMA concentration. This effect is most strongly pronounced for blends with 70 wt % PA 6. Fatigue crack growth experiments showed that the addition of 1–2 wt % SANMA enhances the resistance against crack propagation for ABS‐based blends. The correlation between blend composition, morphology and processing/end‐use properties of reactively compatibilized PA 6/ABS blends is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and properties of catalyzed polyimide/dicyanate semi‐interpenetrating networks for polymer gas membrane with suppressed CO2‐plasticization
Authors: Maya E. M. , Sanchez M. L. , Marcos A. , de la Campa J. G. , de Abajo J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe work presents an approach to reduce the plasticization of polymeric membranes caused by condensable gases, and particularly the effect of plasticization caused on polyimides by CO2 at high pressure. A technical polyimide, Matrimid®, was chosen as a reference of polyimide membrane and the approach applied consisted of incorporating reactive oligomers to have cross‐linkable mixed systems, which do not plasticize at high CO2 pressure. Films of semi‐interpenetrating networks (semi‐IPNs) based on Matrimid® and phenolphthalein dicyanate as cross‐linking monomer in ratios 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30, were prepared using a catalyst to lower the curing temperature from 280 to 180°C. Semi‐IPNs properties such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, glass transition temperatures, or density were measured to characterize the films and were correlated with the dicyanate monomer content. The CO2 gas permeation behavior of the three semi‐IPNs was studied using a CO2 feed pressure ranging from 1 to 30 atm. The gas separation properties were mainly explained attending to the density of the films, which depended on the dicyanate content used. In the three catalyzed semi‐IPNs, the CO2 permeability coefficients remained almost constant all along the investigated range of CO2 pressure while Matrimid® treated at 180°C did show a clear tendency to plasticization over a critical feed pressure of about 17 bar. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The effect of nanoclay and MWNT on fire‐retardency and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester resins
Authors: Kaffashi B. , Honarvar F. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe influence of nanomaterials such as Multi‐Walled Carbon NanoTubes (MWNT) and organoclay (Cloisite 30B) on the physical and mechanical properties of thermoset matrix such as Unsaturated Polyester (UP) resins is investigated. Although styrene containing UP resins have a wide spread application in industry, lack of information exists regarding the behavior of MWNT/organoclay/polyester ternary nanocomposite systems. The main aim of this research was first to evaluate the effect of nanofiller on the flammability of UP resins and, second, to characterize their mechanical properties such as toughness and their tensile strength. The rheological studies showed shear thinning for samples of UP resins containing MWNT and Cloisite 30B. The cone calorimetry measurement was used to evaluate the flame‐retardency, the gas emission of the nanocomposite and whether or not this system can be designated as a nanocomposite. This was understood in the test by the peak heat release rate being lowered and shifted to shorter times. Furthermore, the tensile and impact properties of samples were evaluated. The obtained results indicated that nanofiller particles caused both increase and decrease in the impact and tensile strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Studies on the synthesis of electrospun PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers for antibacterial application
Authors: Mahapatra A. , Garg Nidhi , Nayak B. P. , Mishra B. G. , Hota G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have successfully synthesized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers impregnated with Ag nanoparticles by electrospinning method at room temperature. Briefly, the PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning PAN (10% w/v) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent containing silver nitrate (AgNO3) in the amounts of 8% by weight of PAN. The silver ions were reduced into silver particles in three different methods i.e., by refluxing the solution before electrospinning, treating with sodium borohydride (NaBH4), as reducing agent, and heating the prepared composite nanofibers at 160°C. The prepared PAN nanofibers functionalized with Ag nanoparticles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), SEM elemental detection X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐VIS) analytical techniques. UV‐VIS spectra analysis showed distinct absorption band at 410 nm, suggesting the formation of Ag nanoparticles. TEM micrographs confirmed homogeneous dispersion of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of PAN nanofibers, and particle diameter was found to be 5–15 nm. It was found that all the three electrospun PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers showed strong antibacterial activity toward both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of PAN‐Ag composite nanofibers membrane prepared by refluxed method was most prominent against S. aureus bacteria. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Manufacturing and mechanical behavior of hybrid building materials
Authors: Papanicolaou G. C. , Lagas G. , Papadimitropoulos K. , Ioannou A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis work is an experimental investigation of the flexural properties of hybrid matrix composites reinforced with different types of reinforcement, namely short glass fibers, glass beads, and short steel fibers. The aim of this investigation is to determine the mechanical behavior and properties of the composites that were manufactured, as well as to define an optimum composition of the materials used that will result in a composite with enhanced mechanical performance for building applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fabrication of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polysaccharide composites
Authors: Lv Renliang , Sun Yinyi , Yu Fengyuan , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with a series of anionic polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronate, xanthan gum, pectin, gellan gum were prepared by electropolymerization in aqueous solutions. Some other dopants of potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, sodium poly(styrenesulfonate), and sodium polyacrylate were used in comparison with the anionic polysaccharides. The electrochemical properties and stability of the obtained PEDOT films were also investigated. It was found that indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass could be used as the working electrode of the electropolymerization of EDOT and that the dopant had a great influence on polymerization potential and overoxidation potential. These charged biomolecules of anionic polysaccharides were found to facilitate electropolymerization of EDOT instead of common doping anions as counterion. The electroactive PEDOT films doped with anionic polysaccharides showed stable electrochemical properties, good texture, and adhesion properties to the ITO conductive glass. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The preparation of emulsion type sizing agent for carbon fiber and the properties of carbon fiber/vinyl ester resin composites
Authors: Liu Jianye , Ge Heyi , Chen Juan , Wang Dongzhi , Liu Huashi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVinyl ester resin emulsion type sizing agent (HMSA‐1) was synthesized by phase inversion emulsification method. Centrifugal sedimentation analysis, particle size analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography were used to characterize HMSA‐1 and Japanese commercial sizing agents (JSA‐1 and JSA‐2). Meanwhile, abrasion resistance, fluffs and breakage, stiffness, scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the workability in later process of carbon fiber and surface morphology. The results showed that HMSA‐1 could significantly improve handling characteristics of carbon fiber. SEM micrographs demonstrated that the sized carbon fiber had smooth surface. HMSA‐1 had better compatibility with vinyl ester resin. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of HMSA‐1 sized carbon fiber/vinyl ester resin composite reached the maximum value of 45.96 MPa. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Short Synthesis of Ethyl 3‐(3‐aminophenyl)propanoate
Authors: Nagel Ulrike , Radau Gregor , Link Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA short and effective synthesis of ethyl 3‐(3‐aminophenyl)propanoate is presented, employing a tandem Knoevenagel condensation/alkylidene reduction of 3‐nitrobenzaldehyde with Meldrum's acid in TEAF (triethylammonium formate) followed by reduction of the intermediate 3‐(3‐nitrophenyl)propanoic acid by stannous chloride in ethanol. The use of stannous chloride as the reducing agent in ethanol enabled the simultaneous esterification of the carboxylic acid. Thus, stannous chloride was acting simultaneously as a Lewis acid, which activates the carboxylic acid towards a nucleophilic attack by ethanol.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Pyrazole Derivatives as Anti‐Malarial Agents
Authors: Bekhit Adnan A. , Hymete Ariaya , Asfaw Henok , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNovel series of pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and tested for their in vivo anti‐malarial activity using mice infected with chloroquine sensitive P. berghei at a dose level of 50 µmol/kg. The most active compounds were further tested in vitro against chloroquine resistant (RKL9) strain of P. falciparum. The in vivo anti‐malarial activity study indicated that compounds 2a, 2b, 8a and 8b had mean percent suppression of 85%, 83%, 95% and 97%, respectively at equimolar dose level of the standard drug chloroquine diphosphate. Moreover, compounds 2a, 2b, 8a and 8b showed in vitro IC50 values lower (p < 0.05) than that of the standard drug chloroquine phosphate (0.188 ± 0.003  µM) using the RKL9 strain. Compound 8b was the most active with IC50 of 0.033 ± 0.014  µM. Generally, among the tested compounds, those containing a free carboxylic acid functional group on the pyrazole ring were the most active and this finding was supported by the docking results performed for the active compounds. The acute toxicity studies of the active compounds revealed that they have a good safety profile.
Synthesis and Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of 7‐Alkoxyl Substituted Indolizinoquinoline‐5,12‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Wu Zu‐Ping , Wu Xi‐Wei , Shen Ting , Li Yan‐Ping , Cheng Xi , Gu Lian‐Quan , Huang Zhi‐Shu , An Lin‐Kun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of novel 7‐alkoxyl substituted indolizinoquinoline‐5,12‐dione derivatives were synthesized. The cholinesterase inhibition assays indicated that most synthesized compounds exhibited good activity for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and high selectivity index of AChE over butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Compound 12b exhibited the most potent AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.068 µM and the highest selectivity index of 144. Kinetic study of AChE indicated that a mixed type of inhibition pattern existed for these indolizinoquinoline‐5,12‐dione derivatives. Molecular docking study indicated that compound 12b could bind to both the catalytically active site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE.
Interferon‐γ regulates discordant mechanisms of uveitis versus joint and axial disease in a murine model resembling spondylarthritis
Authors: Kezic Jelena M. , Davey Michael P. , Glant Tibor T. , Rosenbaum James T. , Rosenzweig Holly L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe spondylarthritides (such as ankylosing spondylitis) are multisystem inflammatory diseases that frequently result in uveitis. Despite the common co‐occurrence of uveitis with arthritis, there has been no explanation for the susceptibility of the eye to inflammation. Using an innovative intravital videomicroscopic approach, we discovered the coexistence of uveitis with axial and peripheral joint inflammation in mice immunized with cartilage proteoglycan (PG). The aim of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of uveitis and test the impact of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) deficiency on the eye versus the joint and spine.MethodsFemale T cell receptor (TCR)–transgenic mice or IFNγ‐knockout mice crossed to TCR‐transgenic mice were immunized with PG. Uveitis was assessed by intravital videomicroscopy and histology. The clinical and histopathologic severity of arthritis and spondylitis were evaluated. The bone remodeling process within the spine was assessed by whole‐body near‐infrared imaging. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the expression of PG and ADAMTS‐5 and to examine the cellular composition of eyes with uveitis.ResultsPG neoepitopes along with the aggrecanase ADAMTS‐5 were present in the eye, as they were the joint. Anterior uveitis developed in response to PG immunization. The cellular infiltrate consisted mainly of neutrophils and eosinophils. Unexpectedly, IFNγ deficiency markedly exacerbated uveitis while ameliorating joint and spine disease, indicating divergent mechanisms that drive diseases in the eye versus the joints and spine.ConclusionThis study provides the first detailed description of a murine disease model in which uveitis coincides with arthritis and spondylitis. Our observations provide a great opportunity for understanding the pathogenesis of a relatively common but poorly understood disease.
What kind of science can information science be?
Authors: Buckland Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring the 20th century there was a strong desire to develop an information science from librarianship, bibliography, and documentation and in 1968 the American Documentation Institute changed its name to the American Society for Information Science. By the beginning of the 21st century, however, departments of (library and) information science had turned instead towards the social sciences. These programs address a variety of important topics, but they have been less successful in providing a coherent explanation of the nature and scope of the field. Progress can be made towards a coherent, unified view of the roles of archives, libraries, museums, online information services, and related organizations if they are treated as information‐providing services. However, such an approach seems significantly incomplete on ordinary understandings of the providing of information. Instead of asking what information science is or what we might wish it to become, we ask instead what kind of field it can be given our assumptions about it. We approach the question by examining some keywords: science, information, knowledge, and interdisciplinary. We conclude that if information science is concerned with what people know, then it is a form of cultural engagement, and at most, a science of the artificial.
Chemiluminescence of a cyclometallated iridium(III) complex and its application in the detection of cysteine
Authors: Dong Yong Ping , Shi Ming Juan , Tong Bi Hai , Zhang Qian Feng 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTChemiluminescence (CL) of a cyclometallated iridium (III) complex {tris[1‐(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)phthalazine]iridium(III)} in the presence of potassium permanganate and oxalic acid is reported for the first time. Cysteine exhibits sufficient enhancing effect on the CL generated from the cyclometallated iridium(III) complex, which make it possible for the sensitive detection of cysteine using a flow‐injection–chemiluminescence (FI–CL) method. The optimum conditions for the chemiluminescence emission were investigated. Under the optimal condition, the linear range for the determination of cysteine was 1.0 × 10–9–5.0 × 10–6 mol/L with a detection limit of 6.9 × 10–10 mol/L. A relative standard deviation of 1.6% was obtained for eight replicate determinations. The mechanisms of CL are proposed and the emitting species was identified as the metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited states of the iridium complex. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luchse in der Kulturlandschaft
Authors: Battran Martin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDer Eurasische Luchs ist nach Braunbär und Wolf der größte autochthone Beutegreifer Europas. Historisch dort fast flächendeckend verbreitet, wurde er bis Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts bis auf Restbestände in schwer zugänglichen Gebieten vollständig ausgerottet. Aus zahlreichen, meist erfolglosen Wiederansiedlungsversuchen ab den 1970er Jahren gingen zwar fünf kleine Populationen in den Alpen, dem Jura, Böhmerwald, den Vogesen und dem Harz hervor, doch sind diese stark gefährdet. Für ihr langfristiges Überleben ist ein Anschluss an die größeren Populationen insbesondere der Karpaten und des Balkans unerlässlich. Die Perspektiven dafür sind aber skeptisch zu berurteilen: Zwar findet der Luchs inzwischen in vielen Gebieten Mitteleuropas ausreichend gute Lebensbedingungen vor, doch ruft er als Reh‐ und Schafjäger insbesondere bei Jägern und Viehzüchtern oft grundsätzliche Vorbehalte hervor – Wilderei ist deshalb eine Hauptmortalitätsursache.
Plastiden und Zellkern im Zwiegespräch
Authors: Krupinska Karin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPflanzenzellen besitzen in den Plastiden ein Genom, das Informationen zum Aufbau weniger zentraler Proteine der Photosynthese bereithält. Da die Gene der meisten Bausteine der Photosyntheseeinheiten aber im Zellkern vorliegen, ist eine Abstimmung der beiden Genome unumgänglich. In den Plastiden entstehen kontinuierlich Signale, die ihre Funktionsfähigkeit anzeigen, und die der Zellkern empfangen kann. Zu den Signalen gehören reaktive Sauerstoffverbindungen und Tetrapyrrole. An der Übertragung der Signale scheinen RNA‐Bindeproteine beteiligt zu sein.
Von der Stammlösung zur Arbeitslösung
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: October 2011

AbstractZur Herstellung von Lösungen setzt man gerne konzentrierte Stammlösungen ein. Diese können zu einem Puffer oder einem Gemisch gegeben werden, wenn diese eine geringere Konzentration der eingesetzten Stammlösung enthalten sollen. Beispielsweise lässt sich durch Verdünnung einer 37%igen Formaldehyd‐Stammlösung eine 4%ige Formaldehyd‐Arbeitslösung herstellen. Leicht gesagt, wenn man wüsste, wie viel man von der Stammlösung für die Verdünnung bräuchte...
Final 5‐year results of Z‐FAST trial
Authors: Brufsky Adam M. , Harker W. Graydon , Beck J. Thaddeus , Bosserman Linda , Vogel Charles , Seidler Christopher , Jin Lixian , Warsi Ghulam , Argonza‐Aviles Eliza , Hohneker John , Ericson Solveig G. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Postmenopausal breast cancer (BC) patients receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy are at risk of progressive bone loss and fractures. Zoledronic acid inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, is effective in maintaining bone health, and may therefore be beneficial in this setting.METHODS:Overall, 602 postmenopausal women with early, hormone receptor‐positive BC receiving adjuvant letrozole were randomized (301 each group) to receive upfront or delayed‐start zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously every 6 months) for 5 years. The primary endpoint was the change in lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) at month 12. Secondary endpoints included changes in LS BMD, total hip BMD, and bone turnover markers at 2, 3, and 5 years; fracture incidence at 3 years; and time to disease recurrence.RESULTS:At month 61, the adjusted mean difference in LS and total hip BMDs between the upfront and delayed groups was 8.9% and 6.7%, respectively (P < .0001, for both). Approximately 25% of delayed patients received zoledronic acid by month 61. Only 1 patient experienced grade 4 renal dysfunction; no confirmed cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw were reported. Fracture rates (upfront, 28 [9.3%]; delayed, 33 [11%]; P = .3803) and Kaplan‐Meier disease recurrence rates (upfront, 9.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0‐10.3]; delayed, 10.5 [95% CI, 6.6‐14.4]; P = .6283) were similar at month 61.CONCLUSIONS:Upfront zoledronic acid seems to be the preferred treatment strategy versus delayed administration, as it significantly and progressively increases BMD in postmenopausal women with early BC receiving letrozole for 5 years, and long‐term coadministration of letrozole and zoledronic acid is well tolerated. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Multimodal dispersal during the range expansion of the tropical house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia
Authors: Short Kristen H. , Petren Kenneth 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDispersal influences both the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of range expansion. While some studies have demonstrated a role for human‐mediated dispersal during invasion, the genetic effects of such dispersal remain to be understood, particularly in terrestrial range expansions. In this study, we investigated multimodal dispersal during the range expansion of the invasive gecko Hemidactylus mabouia in Florida using 12 microsatellite loci. We investigated dispersal patterns at the regional scale (metropolitan areas), statewide scale (state of Florida), and global scale (including samples from the native range). Dispersal was limited at the smallest, regional scale, within metropolitan areas, as reflected by the presence of genetic structure at this scale, which is in agreement with a previous study in this same invasion at even smaller spatial scales. Surprisingly, there was no detectable genetic structure at the intermediate statewide scale, which suggests dispersal is not limited across the state of Florida. There was evidence of genetic differentiation between Florida and other areas where H. mabouia occurs, so we concluded that at the largest scale, dispersal was limited. Humans likely contributed to patterns of dispersal at all three scales but in different ways. Infrequent low‐volume dispersal has occurred within regions, frequent high‐volume dispersal has occurred across the state, and infrequent long‐distance dispersal has occurred among continents at the global scale. This study highlights the importance of considering different modes of dispersal at multiple spatial scales to understand the dynamics of invasion and range expansion.