bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value and Determinants of a Hypointense Infarct Core in T2-Weighted Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Acute Reperfused ST-Elevation–Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Eitel Ingo , Kubusch Konrad , Strohm Oliver , Desch Steffen , Mikami Yoko , de Waha Suzanne , Gutberlet Matthias , Schuler Gerhard , Friedrich Matthias G. , Thiele Holger 
Published: April 2011

Background—
A hypointense core of infarcted myocardium in T2-weighted cardiovascular MRI (CMR) has been used as a noninvasive marker for intramyocardial hemorrhage. However, the clinical significance of such findings not yet been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate determinants and prognostic impact of a hypointense infarct core in T2-weighted CMR images, studied in patients after acute, reperfused ST-elevation–myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

We analyzed 346 patients with ST-elevation–myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty <12 hours after symptoms onset. T2-weighted, contrast-enhanced CMR was used for assessment of the area at risk, myocardial salvage, infarct size, hypointense core in T2-weighted images, and late microvascular obstruction. Patients were categorized into 2 groups defined by the presence or absence of a hypointense core. The primary end point of the study was occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events defined as death, reinfarction, and congestive heart failure within 6 months after infarction. A hypointense core was present in 122 (35%) patients and was associated with larger infarcts, greater amount of microvascular obstruction, less myocardial salvage, and impaired left ventricular function (
P
<0.001, respectively). The presence of a hypointense core was a strong univariable predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.59; confidence interval, 1.27 to 5.27) and was significantly associated with an increased major adverse cardiovascular events rate (16.4% versus 7.0%,
P
=0.006) 6 months after infarction.

Conclusions—
A hypointense infarct core within the area at risk of reperfused infarcted myocardium in T2-weighted CMR is closely related to infarct size, microvascular obstruction, and impaired left ventricular function, with subsequent adverse clinical outcome.
Transcranial Doppler Detection of Cerebral Fat Emboli and Relation to Paradoxical Embolism
Authors: Forteza Alejandro M. , Koch Sebastian , Campo-Bustillo Iszet , Gutierrez Jose , Haussen Diogo C. , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Romano Jose , Zych Gregory A. , Duncan Robert 
Published: April 2011

Background—
The fat embolism syndrome is clinically characterized by dyspnea, skin petechiae, and neurological dysfunction. It is associated mainly with long bone fracture and bone marrow fat passage to the systemic circulation. An intracardiac right-to-left shunt (RLS) could allow larger fat particles to reach the systemic circulation. Transcranial Doppler can be a useful tool to detect both RLS and the fat particles reaching the brain.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively studied patients with femur shaft fracture with RLS evaluation, daily transcranial Doppler with embolus detection studies, and neurological examinations to evaluate the relation of RLS and microembolic signals to the development of fat embolism syndrome. Forty-two patients were included; 14 had an RLS detected. Seven patients developed neurological symptoms; all of them had a positive RLS (
P
=<0.001). The patients with an RLS showed higher counts and higher intensities of microembolic signals (
P
=<0.05 and
P
=<0.01, respectively) compared with those who did not have an RLS identified. The presence of high microembolic signal counts and intensities in patients with RLS was strongly predictive of the occurrence of neurological symptoms (odds ratio, 204; 95% confidence interval, 11 to 3724;
P
<0.001) with a positive predictive value of 86% and negative predictive value of 97%.

Conclusions—
In patients with long bone fractures, the presence of an RLS is associated with larger and more frequent microembolic signals to the brain detected by transcranial Doppler study and can predict the development of neurological symptoms.
Early Macrophage Recruitment and Alternative Activation Are Critical for the Later Development of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Vergadi Eleni , Chang Mun Seog , Lee Changjin , Liang Olin D. , Liu Xianlan , Fernandez-Gonzalez Angeles , Mitsialis S. Alex , Kourembanas Stella 
Published: April 2011

Background—
Lung inflammation precedes the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH); however, its role in the pathogenesis of HPH is poorly understood. We sought to characterize the hypoxic inflammatory response and to elucidate its role in the development of HPH. We also aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which heme oxygenase-1, an anti-inflammatory enzyme, is protective in HPH.

Methods and Results—
We generated bitransgenic mice that overexpress human heme oxygenase-1 under doxycycline control in an inducible, lung-specific manner. Hypoxic exposure of mice in the absence of doxycycline resulted in early transient accumulation of monocytes/macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Alveolar macrophages acquired an alternatively activated phenotype (M2) in response to hypoxia, characterized by the expression of found in inflammatory zone-1, arginase-1, and chitinase-3-like-3. A brief 2-day pulse of doxycycline delayed, but did not prevent, the peak of hypoxic inflammation, and could not protect against HPH. In contrast, a 7-day doxycycline treatment sustained high heme oxygenase-1 levels during the entire period of hypoxic inflammation, inhibited macrophage accumulation and activation, induced macrophage interleukin-10 expression, and prevented the development of HPH. Supernatants from hypoxic M2 macrophages promoted the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, whereas treatment with carbon monoxide, a heme oxygenase-1 enzymatic product, abrogated this effect.

Conclusions—
Early recruitment and alternative activation of macrophages in hypoxic lungs are critical for the later development of HPH. Heme oxygenase-1 may confer protection from HPH by effectively modifying the macrophage activation state in hypoxia.
Effects of Baseline Conditions on the Simulated Hydrologic Response to Projected Climate Change
Authors: Koczot Kathryn M. , Markstrom Steven L. , Hay Lauren E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractChanges in temperature and precipitation projected from five general circulation models, using one late-twentieth-century and three twenty-first-century emission scenarios, were downscaled to three different baseline conditions. Baseline conditions are periods of measured temperature and precipitation data selected to represent twentieth-century climate. The hydrologic effects of the climate projections are evaluated using the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), which is a watershed hydrology simulation model. The Almanor Catchment in the North Fork of the Feather River basin, California, is used as a case study.Differences and similarities between PRMS simulations of hydrologic components (i.e., snowpack formation and melt, evapotranspiration, and streamflow) are examined, and results indicate that the selection of a specific time period used for baseline conditions has a substantial effect on some, but not all, hydrologic variables. This effect seems to be amplified in hydrologic variables, which accumulate over time, such as soil-moisture content. Results also indicate that uncertainty related to the selection of baseline conditions should be evaluated using a range of different baseline conditions. This is particularly important for studies in basins with highly variable climate, such as the Almanor Catchment.
Formation Mechanisms of the Extreme High Surface Air Temperature of 40.9°C Observed in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Considerations of Dynamic Foehn and Foehnlike Wind
Authors: Takane Yuya , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA record-breaking high surface air temperature in Japan of 40.9°C was observed on 16 August 2007 in Kumagaya, located 60 km northwest of central Tokyo. In this study, the formation mechanisms of this extreme high temperature event are statistically and numerically investigated using observational data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The extreme event is caused by a combination of two particular factors: 1) Persistent sunshine and a lack of precipitation during the seven consecutive days preceding 16 August 2007 were seen in Kumagaya. This was the 12th-longest stretch of clear-sky days in July and August from 1998 up to 2008. Persistent clear-sky days allow the ground surface to dry out, which produces an increase in sensible heat flux from the ground surface. This contributes to the extreme event, and its mechanism is qualitatively supported by the results of sensitivity experiments of soil moisture on surface air temperature. 2) A foehnlike wind appears in the numerical simulation, which is caused by diabatic heating with subgrid-scale turbulent diffusion and sensible heat flux from the ground surface when this airflow passes in the mixed layer over the Chubu Mountains and the inland of the Tokyo metropolitan area. Backward trajectory analysis and Lagrangian energy budget analysis show that the foehnlike wind plays a more important role in the extreme event than the adiabatic dynamic foehn pointed out by previous studies.
Generation of High-Resolution Rain Fields in West Africa: Evaluation of Dynamic Interpolation Methods
Authors: Vischel T. , Quantin G. , Lebel T. , Viarre J. , Gosset M. , Cazenave F. , Panthou G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHigh-resolution rain fields are a prerequisite to many hydrometeorological studies. For some applications, the required resolution may be as fine as 1 km in space and 5 min in time. At these scales, rainfall is strongly intermittent, variable in space, and correlated in time because of the propagation of the rainy systems. This paper compares two interpolation approaches to generate high-resolution rain fields from rain gauge measurements: (i) a classic interpolation technique that consists in interpolating independently the rain intensities at each time step (Eulerian kriging) and (ii) a simple dynamic interpolation technique that incorporates the propagation of the rainy systems (Lagrangian kriging). For this latter approach, three propagation models are tested. The different interpolation techniques are evaluated over three climatically contrasted areas in West Africa where a multiyear 5-min rainfall dataset has been collected during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) campaigns. The dynamic interpolation technique is shown to perform better than the classic approach for a majority of the rainy events. The performances of the three propagation models differ from one another, depending on the evaluation criteria used. One of them provides a satisfactory time of arrival of rainfall but slightly smooths the rain intensities. The two others reproduce well the rain intensities, but the time of arrival of the rain is sometimes delayed. The choice of an appropriate propagation algorithm will thus depend on the operational objectives underlying the rain field generation.
Comparison between the TOPAZ Airborne Ozone Lidar and In Situ Measurements during TexAQS 2006
Authors: Langford A. O. , Senff C. J. , Alvarez R. J. , Banta R. M. , Hardesty R. M. , Parrish D. D. , Ryerson T. B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The NOAA airborne ozone lidar system [Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and Ozone (TOPAZ)] is compared with the fast-response chemiluminescence sensor flown aboard the NOAA WP-3D during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS). TOPAZ measurements made from the NOAA Twin Otter, flying at an altitude of ~3300 m MSL in the Houston, Texas, area on 31 August, and the Dallas, Texas, area on 13 September, show that the overall uncertainty in the 10-s (~600-m horizontal resolution) TOPAZ profiles is dominated by statistical uncertainties (1σ) of ~8 ppbv (6%–10%) at ranges of ~2300 m from the aircraft (~1000 m MSL), and ~11–27 ppbv (12%–30%) at ranges of ~2800 m (~500 m MSL). These uncertainties are substantially reduced by spatial averaging, and the averages of 11 profiles (of 110 s or 6.6-km horizontal resolution) at ~1000 m MSL are in excellent agreement (±2%) with the in situ measurements at ~500 m MSL. The TOPAZ measurements at lower altitudes on 31 August exhibit a negative bias of up to ~15%, however, when the lidar signals were strongly attenuated by very high ozone levels in the plume from the Houston Ship Channel. This bias appears to result from nonlinear behavior in the TOPAZ signal amplifiers, which is described in the companion paper by Alvarez et al. An empirical correction is presented.
Initial Ice Microparticle Sublimation Measurements from the Levitating Upper-Tropospheric Environmental Simulator (LUTES)
Authors: Magee Nathan , Spector Kayla , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Tong Corey , Beatty John 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Initial ice particle sublimation data are presented from the new Levitating Upper-Tropospheric Environmental Simulator (LUTES) at The College of New Jersey. This experimental system mimics the conditions of a typical cirrus cloud in order to evaluate the phase-change kinetics of single ice particles. These ice particles are charged and then trapped in a levitating electrodynamic balance where they can be observed as they sublimate in a subsaturated atmosphere. Levitation and sublimation take place within a vacuum chamber, which is contained in a freezer at a temperature of −40° to −80°C and is capable of a reduced pressure of 10 mb. The sublimation rates of the ice particles are observed at a variety of temperature, humidity, and pressure conditions and are compared to sublimation rates predicted by particle-scale diffusion models. Initial measurements suggest that the diffusion models are capturing the essential sublimation behavior of the particles, but further measurements promise to inform lingering questions about the fundamental thermodynamics and surface processes of sublimating and growing ice particles under cirrus conditions.
Effects of Chemesthetic Stimuli, Age, and Genetic Taste Groups on Swallowing Apnea Duration
Authors: Plonk Drew P. , Butler Susan G. , Grace‐Martin Karen , Pelletier Cathy A. 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveThis study tested the hypotheses that swallowing apnea duration (SAD) will increase given chemesthetic stimuli (ie, water < ethanol, acid, and carbonation), age (older > young), and genetic taste differences (supertasters > nontasters).Study DesignProspective group design.SettingUniversity medical center.Subjects and MethodsEighty healthy adult women were identified as nontasters and supertasters, equally comprising 2 age groups: 18 to 35 years (n = 40) and 60+ years (n = 40). The KayPentax Swallowing Signals Lab was used to acquire SAD via nasal cannula during individually randomized swallows of 5 mL deionized water, 2.7% w/v citric acid, seltzer water, and 50:50 diluted ethanol/water. Data were analyzed using path analysis, with the mediator of chemesthetic perception, adjusted for repeated measures.ResultsSignificant main effects of chemesthetic stimuli (P =. 002), age (P <. 001), and genetic taste differences (P =. 04) on SAD were found. Older women and supertasters had longer SADs than young women and nontasters. Post hoc analyses revealed ethanol and acid boluses elicited significantly longer SADs than water boluses did. There was no significant effect of chemesthetic perception (P >. 05).ConclusionSAD in healthy women increased with changes in chemesthetic stimuli, older age, and in supertasters versus nontasters. It is unclear at this stage if increased SAD is a helpful mechanistic change (potentially protective against aspiration) or a maladaptive change (associated with aspiration). Future research should use these chemesthetic changes in bolus properties to assess if increased SAD decreases aspiration in patients with dysphagia while accounting for genetic taste differences.
The lymphoma-associated NPM-ALK oncogene elicits a p16INK4a/pRb-dependent tumor-suppressive pathway
Authors: Martinelli Paola , Bonetti Paola , Sironi Cristina , Pruneri Giancarlo , Fumagalli Caterina , Raviele Paola Rafaniello , Volorio Sara , Pileri Stefano , Chiarle Roberto , McDuff Fiona Kate Elizabeth , Tusi Betsabeh Khoramian , Turner Suzanne D. , Inghirami Giorgio , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Colombo Emanuela 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a barrier for tumor development. Oncogene-dependent DNA damage and activation of the ARF/p53 pathway play a central role in OIS and, accordingly, ARF and p53 are frequently mutated in human cancer. A number of leukemia/lymphoma-initiating oncogenes, however, inhibit ARF/p53 and only infrequently select for ARF or p53 mutations, suggesting the involvement of other tumor-suppressive pathways. We report that NPM-ALK, the initiating oncogene of anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs), induces DNA damage and irreversibly arrests the cell cycle of primary fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitors. This effect is associated with inhibition of p53 and is caused by activation of the p16INK4a/pRb tumor-suppressive pathway. Analysis of NPM-ALK lymphomagenesis in transgenic mice showed p16INK4a-dependent accumulation of senescent cells in premalignant lesions and decreased tumor latency in the absence of p16INK4a. Accordingly, human ALCLs showed no expression of either p16INK4a or pRb. Up-regulation of the histone-demethylase Jmjd3 and de-methylation at the p16INK4a promoter contributed to the effect of NPM-ALK on p16INK4a, which was transcriptionally regulated. These data demonstrate that p16INK4a/pRb may function as an alternative pathway of oncogene-induced senescence, and suggest that the reactivation of p16INK4a expression might be a novel strategy to restore the senescence program in some tumors.
Alemtuzumab with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide reduces chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Marsh Judith C. , Gupta Vikas , Lim ZiYi , Ho Aloysius Y. , Ireland Robin M. , Hayden Janet , Potter Victoria , Koh Mickey B. , Islam M. Serajul , Russell Nigel , Marks David I. , Mufti Ghulam J. , Pagliuca Antonio 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We evaluated a novel alemtuzumab-based conditioning regimen in HSCT for acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA). In a multicenter retrospective study, 50 patients received transplants from matched sibling donors (MSD; n = 21) and unrelated donors (UD; n = 29), using fludarabine 30 mg/m2 for 4 days, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 for 4 days, and alemtuzumab median total dose of 60 mg (range:40-100 mg). Median age was 35 years (range 8-62). Overall survival at 2 years was 95% ± 5% for MSD and 83% for UD HSCT (p 0.34). Cumulative incidence of graft failure was 9.5% for MSD and 14.5% for UD HSCT. Full-donor chimerism (FDC) in unfractionated peripheral blood was 42%; no patient achieved CD3 FDC. Acute GVHD was observed in only 13.5% patients (all grade I-II) and only 2 patients (4%) developed chronic GVHD. A low incidence of viral infections was seen. Factors influencing overall survival were HSCT comorbidity 2-year index (92% with score 0-1 vs 42% with score ≥ 2, P < .001) and age (92% for age < 50 years vs 71% ≥ 50 years, P < .001). Our data suggest that the use of an alemtuzumab-based HSCT regimen for SAA results in durable engraftment with a low incidence of chronic GVHD.
The inhibition of the mammalian DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) by dietary black tea and coffee polyphenols
Authors: Rajavelu Arumugam , Tulyasheva Zumrad , Jaiswal Rakesh , Jeltsch Albert , Kuhnert Nikolai 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Black tea is, second only to water, the most consumed beverage globally. Previously, the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 1 was shown by dietary polyphenols and epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenolic constituent of green tea, and 5-caffeoyl quinic acid, the main phenolic constituent of the green coffee bean.

Results
We studied the inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3a by a series of dietary polyphenols from black tea such as theaflavins and thearubigins and chlorogenic acid derivatives from coffee. For theaflavin 3,3 digallate and thearubigins IC50 values in the lower micro molar range were observed, which when compared to pharmacokinetic data available, suggest an effect of physiological relevance.

Conclusions
Since Dnnmt3a has been associated with development, cancer and brain function, these data suggest a biochemical mechanism for the beneficial health effect of black tea and coffee and a possible molecular mechanism for the improvement of brain performance and mental health by dietary polyphenols.
The Proteogenomic Mapping Tool
Authors: Sanders William S , Wang Nan , Bridges Susan M , Malone Brandon M , Dandass Yoginder S , McCarthy Fiona M , Nanduri Bindu , Lawrence Mark L , Burgess Shane C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
High-throughput mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics data is increasingly being used to complement traditional structural genome annotation methods. To keep pace with the high speed of experimental data generation and to aid in structural genome annotation, experimentally observed peptides need to be mapped back to their source genome location quickly and exactly. Previously, the tools to do this have been limited to custom scripts designed by individual research groups to analyze their own data, are generally not widely available, and do not scale well with large eukaryotic genomes.

Results
The Proteogenomic Mapping Tool includes a Java implementation of the Aho-Corasick string searching algorithm which takes as input standardized file types and rapidly searches experimentally observed peptides against a given genome translated in all 6 reading frames for exact matches. The Java implementation allows the application to scale well with larger eukaryotic genomes while providing cross-platform functionality.

Conclusions
The Proteogenomic Mapping Tool provides a standalone application for mapping peptides back to their source genome on a number of operating system platforms with standard desktop computer hardware and executes very rapidly for a variety of datasets. Allowing the selection of different genetic codes for different organisms allows researchers to easily customize the tool to their own research interests and is recommended for anyone working to structurally annotate genomes using MS derived proteomics data.