bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum extraction Process of polyphenols from the bark of Phyllanthus emblica L. based on the response surface methodology
Authors: Yang Li , Jiang Jian‐Guo , Li Wei‐Feng , Chen Jian , Wang Ding‐Yong , Zhu Liang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhyllanthus emblica L. is an economic plant used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The bark of P. emblica is rich in polyphenols and its extractions have shown strong antioxidative and radical scavenging activity. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to assess the optimal extraction of polyphenols from P. emblica bark. Various extraction parameters including ethanol concentration, extraction time, temperature, solid–liquid ratio, and extraction times were chosen to identify their effects on polyphenols extraction. Among these parameters, extraction times and solvent concentration were found to have significant effect on polyphenols extraction. RSM was applied to obtain the optimal combination of solvent concentration, extraction time, temperature, and extraction time for maximum rate of extraction. The most suitable condition for the extraction of polyphenols was at ethanol concentration 75%, extraction time 25 min, extraction temperature 45°C, and extraction times 3. At these optimal extraction parameters, the maximum extraction of polyphenols obtained experimentally was found to be very close to its predicted value. The extraction rate of polyphenols was 19.78% at the optimum conditions. The mathematical model developed was found to fit with the experimental data of polyphenols extraction.
The shrine of remembrance Melbourne: a short study of visitors' experiences
Authors: Winter Caroline 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne, Australia opened in 1934 to articulate the social memory of the Great War of 1914–1918. The site has developed to incorporate other memorials and a Visitor Centre. An exploratory study of visitors indicated that the traditional and new memorials continue to evoke a number of responses to war. People expressed a sense of sadness and gratitude for sacrifices made by all those who have fought in war. Many people had poor knowledge of the battles which had initiated the creation of the Shrine. The study indicates the Shrine's complexity which now commemorates multiple conflicts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact size effect on fretting wear behaviour: application to an AISI 52100/AISI 52100 interface
Authors: Merhej R. , Fouvry S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFretting situations are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications. Fretting wear is defined as a small oscillatory displacement between two contacting bodies. The interface is damaged by debris generation and its ejection from the contact area. In this work, investigations on AISI 52100 steel self‐mated contacts with a ball on flat configuration under dry conditions have been carried out. Fretting tests at a constant maximum Hertzian pressure of 1.1 GPa for different ball diameters have been performed to cover a huge range of contact sizes. A specific experimental procedure is considered to discriminate between the relative impact of the sliding amplitude and the contact size effect. It is shown that a single parameter cannot capture the total interface behaviour. Indeed, an asymptotic decrease in the friction coefficient and wear rate versus the contact size is observed. The increase in the contact area accentuates the implication of third body in the interface. The larger the contact size, the more difficult the debris ejection, the higher the third‐body accommodation, and the lower the coefficient of friction and wear rates. A simple power function is introduced to formalise friction and wear behaviours. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helix‐Sense‐Selective Polymerization of Achiral Bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylenes Bearing Alkyl Groups of Different Lengths
Authors: Hadano Shingo , Kishimoto Takuya , Hattori Tomonori , Tanioka Daisuke , Teraguchi Masahiro , Aoki Toshiki , Kaneko Takashi , Namikoshi Takeshi , Marwanta Edy 
Published: April 2009

Abstract4‐Alkyloxy‐3,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylenes with eight types of alkyl groups were synthesized and polymerized with a chiral catalytic system. We found that the length of the alkyl groups played a very important role in achieving helix‐sense‐selective polymerization. Five helix‐sense‐selective polymerizations were achieved resulting in polymers with alkyl groups whose chain length was longer than six. We think that the longer‐chain alkyl groups prevented the polymers from becoming insoluble by forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups, and stabilized their one‐handed helical structure by promoting the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds.magnified image
95Mo NMR: a useful tool for structural studies in solution
Authors: Brito José Angel , Teruel Helena , Massou Stéphane , Gómez Montserrat 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOxomolybdenum(VI) complexes containing diverse ligands from an electronic and topological point of view have been analysed by means of 95Mo NMR in solution with the purpose of using this technique as a tool to study their coordination chemistry and reactivity. The relationship between the electronic density on the metal tuned by the electron‐donor ability of the coordinated ligands and the 95Mo chemical shift has been proved for mono‐ and bimetallic complexes showing a hexa‐ or hepta‐coordination around the metal centre. The different origins of the signal broadening (associated either to the symmetry of the metallic polyhedron or to the presence of isomers or to the ligand de‐coordination) have been also considered to rationalise the obtained data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clear cell sarcoma of the stomach
Authors: Lagmay Joanne P. , Ranalli Mark , Arcila Maria , Baker Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractClear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a high grade soft tissue sarcoma with a distinct molecular profile. Gastrointestinal CCS is very rare and most reported cases are in adults. We describe a 10‐year‐old female with a 4‐month history of anemia who later developed fever, weight loss and abdominal pain. She was subsequently found to have a large infiltrative gastric mass. A diagnosis of CCS was confirmed by molecular and cytogenetic studies. This case illustrates the necessity of a multimodal approach, particularly the use of molecular studies, in the diagnostic evaluation of rare tumors presenting in unusual sites. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:214–216. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antisocial personality disorder: Co‐morbid Axis I mental disorders and health service use among a national household population
Authors: Ullrich Simone , Coid Jeremy 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAntisocial personality disorder is highly co‐morbid with other mental disorders, particularly substance use disorders, but little is known about the use of mental health services among this group. The study investigated the use of mental health services and associations with psychiatric co‐morbidity among persons with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder within a representative UK household population. Weighted data from 8 395 respondents included 245 (2.9%) with a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder. This diagnosis resulted in independent risks of substance abuse disorders, suicide attempts and generalized anxiety disorders when compared with the general population. Help‐seeking behaviour was more prevalent among the antisocial group than the general population but was primarily mediated through co‐morbid Axis I mental disorders and was not because of antisocial symptoms or other co‐morbid personality disorders. Among those with antisocial personality disorder, approximately one‐quarter had consulted a mental health professional in the year before interview. Of those, nearly 70% suffered from a co‐morbid anxiety disorder. High use of mental health services among persons with antisocial personality disorder appears to be a characteristic of a specific subgroup with high levels of anxiety. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochromic behavior of several new synthesized bis‐1,3‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐enes
Authors: Kiyani H. , Mahmoodi N. O. , Tabatabaeian K. , Zanjanchi M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhotochromic compounds (1–6) are synthesized and characterized and the results of their spectra are presented. The structure–photochromic behavior relationship (SPBR) of the synthesized compounds has been analyzed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards defining the whole salivary peptidome
Authors: Vitorino Rui , Barros António , Caseiro Armando , Domingues Pedro , Duarte José , Amado Francisco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report the identification of 2294 peptides/proteins in whole saliva in the mass range between 700 and 16 000 Da by LC‐MS and MS/MS using a MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometer. Most of the identified peptides/proteins are originated from cellular debris or plasma components while only 26% (n = 607) correspond to salivary peptides/proteins species. In spite of the presence of the major salivary peptides in all samples from the six subjects analyzed, each individual presents a different pattern of fragments, many deriving from the same protein sequence. All our data, in particular the large number of fragments found, suggest high proteolytic activity insight the oral cavity. The analysis of samples by gelatin zymography showed that all saliva donors displayed multiple proteolytic bands, two identified as cathepsin D and G by MS. Analysis of the cleavage site distribution on the main peptide sequences based on contingency tables shows that the predominant cleavages occur between Gln‐Gly or Tyr‐Gly. These cleavages are largely associated with proline‐rich proteins peptides and with histatin 1 and P‐B peptide, respectively. However, depending on the peptide class, different cleavage hits were observed suggesting the presence of a set of proteases acting in different ways according to different peptide sequences. Comparing the number of cleavages involving all residues, it is possible to observe that 44% (±10%) of the observed cleavages in histatin, statherin and P‐B peptide in all individuals may be explained by cathepsin D, suggesting a major role for this enzyme in oral cavity proteolysis.
Flux vacua attractors in type II on SU(3) × SU(3) structure
Authors: Anguelova L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe summarize and extend our work on flux vacua attractors in generalized compactifications. After reviewing the attractor equations for the heterotic string on SU(3) structure manifolds, we study attractors for N = 1 vacua in type IIA/B on SU(3) × SU(3) structure spaces. In the case of vanishing RR flux, we find attractor equations that encode Minkowski vacua only (and which correct a previous normalization error). In addition to our previous considerations, here we also discuss the case of nonzero RR flux and the possibility of attractors for AdS vacua.
Vacuum polarization effects in the cosmic string background
Authors: Sitenko Yu.A. , Vlasii N.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA charged scalar field is quantized in the background of a cosmic string which is generalized to a (d ‐ 2)‐brane in locally flat (d + 1)‐dimensional space‐time. The induced vacuum current is found to circulate around the string. The current is a holomorphic function of the space dimension, decreasing exponentially with the distance from the string. The dependence of the current on the flux and tension of the string is comprehensively analyzed.
N = 2 world‐sheet approach to D‐branes on generalized Kähler geometries: I. General formalism
Authors: Sevrin A. , Staessens W. , Wijns A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present an N = 2 world‐sheet superspace description of D‐branes on bihermitian or generalized Kähler manifolds. To accomplish this, D‐branes are considered as boundary conditions for a nonlinear σ‐model in what we call N = 2 boundary superspace. In this note the general formalism for such an approach is presented and the resulting classification sketched. This includes some remarks regarding target spaces whose parameterization includes semi‐chiral superfields which have not appeared in the literature yet. In an accompanying note we turn to some examples and applications of the general setup presented here.
Heterotic AdS3/CFT2 duality with 𝒩 = (0, 4) supersymmetry
Authors: Hohenegger S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe review a proposal for the holographic dual of a heterotic black string solution with (0, 4) target space supersymmetry. We discuss in detail the construction as well as a non‐trivial check of this proposed duality.
Global limits of gauged supergravity
Authors: Hohm O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWorld‐volume actions for multiple M2 and D2 branes are constructed by taking the limit of 2 + 1 dimensional gauged supergravities to globally supersymmetric 𝒩 = 8 theories on flat space. The embedding tensor formalism adopted for the classification of gauged supergravities is thereby shown to provide a universal description of all known models, including conformal and non‐conformal theories as well as massive deformations thereof.
New supersymmetric flux vacua of type II string theory and Generalized Complex Geometry
Authors: Andriot D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe study Minkowski supersymmetric flux vacua of type II string theory. Based on the work by M. Graña, R. Minasian, M. Petrini and A. Tomasiello, we briefly explain how to reformulate things in terms of Generalized Complex Geometry, which appears to be a natural framework for these compactifications. In particular, it provides a mathematical characterization of the internal manifold, and one is then able to find new solutions, which cannot be constructed as usual via T‐dualities from a warped T6 solut ion. Furthermore, we discuss how, thanks to a specific change of variables, one can ease the resolution of the orientifold projection constraints pointed out by P. Koerber and D. Tsimpis. One is then able to find new solutions with intermediate SU(2) structure. This contribution is mainly based on references [1] and [2]. Due to size constraints, several details and some citations are missing. For completeness, please have a look at [1].
On the consistent interactions in D = 11 among a graviton, a massless gravitino and a three‐form
Authors: Cioroianu E.M. , Diaconu E. , Sararu S.‐C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe couplings that can be introduced between a massless Rarita‐Schwinger field, a Pauli‐Fierz field and an Abelian three‐form gauge field in eleven spacetime dimensions are analyzed in the context of the deformation of the solution of the master equation.
T‐Duality, dual conformal symmetry and integrability for strings on AdS5 × S5
Authors: Beisert N. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn recent years two intriguing observations have been made for 𝒩 = 4 super Yang–Mills theory and for superstrings on AdS5 × S5: In the planar limit the computation of the spectrum is vastly simplified by the apparent integrability of the models. Furthermore, planar scattering amplitudes of the gauge theory display remarkable features which have been attributed to the appearance of a dual superconformal symmetry. Here we review the connection of these two developments from the point of view of the classical symmetry by means of a super‐T‐self‐duality. In particular, we show explicitly how the charges of conformal symmetry and of the integrable structure are related to the dual ones.
High‐resolution array CGH identifies novel regions of genomic alteration in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Ishkanian Adrian S. , Mallof Chad A. , Ho James , Meng Alice , Albert Monique , Syed Amena , van der Kwast Theodorus , Milosevic Michael , Yoshimoto Maisa , Squire Jeremy A. , Lam Wan L. , Bristow Robert G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractApproximately one‐third of prostate cancer patients present with intermediate risk disease. Interestingly, while this risk group is clinically well defined, it demonstrates the most significant heterogeneity in PSA‐based biochemical outcome. Further, the majority of candidate genes associated with prostate cancer progression have been identified using cell lines, xenograft models, and high‐risk androgen‐independent or metastatic patient samples. We used a global high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) assay to characterize copy number alterations (CNAs) in intermediate risk prostate cancer. Herein, we show this risk group contains a number of alterations previously associated with high‐risk disease: (1) deletions at 21q22.2 (TMPRSS2:ERG), 16q22–24 (containing CDH1), 13q14.2 (RB1), 10q23.31 (PTEN), 8p21 (NKX3.1); and, (2) amplification at 8q21.3–24.3 (containing c‐MYC). In addition, we identified six novel microdeletions at high frequency: 1q42.12–q42.3 (33.3%), 5q12.3–13.3 (21%), 20q13.32–13.33 (29.2%), 22q11.21 (25%), 22q12.1 (29.2%), and 22q13.31 (33.3%). Further, we show there is little concordance between CNAs from these clinical samples and those found in commonly used prostate cancer cell models. These unexpected findings suggest that the intermediate‐risk category is a crucial cohort warranting further study to determine if a unique molecular fingerprint can predict aggressive versus indolent phenotypes. Prostate 69:1091–1100, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of conserved water molecules in the catalytic domain of protein kinases
Authors: Knight James D. R. , Hamelberg Donald , McCammon J. Andrew , Kothary Rashmi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProtein kinases are essential signaling molecules with a characteristic bilobal shape that has been studied for over 15 years. Despite the number of crystal structures available, little study has been directed away from the prototypical functional elements of the kinase domain. We have performed a structural alignment of 13 active‐conformation kinases and discovered the presence of six water molecules that occur in conserved locations across this group of diverse kinases. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that these waters confer a great deal of stability to their local environment and to a key catalytic residue. Our results highlight the importance of novel elements within the greater kinase family and suggest that conserved water molecules are necessary for efficient kinase function. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T178 deletion impairs intermolecular interaction of the peptide Nramp1(164–191)
Authors: Xue Rong , Wang Shuo , Qi Haiyan , Song Yuande , Xiao Shuyan , Li Fei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNatural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1), an integral membrane protein with 12 predicted transmembrane domains (TMs), is a divalent cation transporter associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases. A naturally occurring mutation G169D within TM4 of Nramp1 leads to the loss of function, suggesting potential importance of TM4 for the biological function of the protein. In this study, we determine the three‐dimensional structure and topology of a synthetic peptide, del(T178), corresponding to Nramp1(164‐191) (basically consisting of the putative TM4 of Nramp1) with Thr178 deletion in TFE and SDS micelles using NMR and CD spectroscopic techniques, and compare the results with those of the wildtype peptide. Similarly to the wildtype peptide, the del(T178) peptide still forms an amphiphilic‐like α‐helical structure in both membrane mimics and is embedded in SDS micelles. Differently, whereas the wild‐type peptide forms a helix bundle with the hydrophilic side facing the interior of the bundle, the del(T178) peptide exists as a monomer in the membrane mimics and the hydrophilic side of the helix is located near the interface of SDS micelles. Moreover, a strongly cooperative protonation occurs between intramolecular Asp residues for the del(T178) peptide in SDS micelles, while the cooperative proton binding between intermolecular Asp residues was observed for the wildtype peptide. The difference in the results of the two peptides suggests that the deletion of Thr178 impairs intermolecular interaction of the peptide. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamics of a polar low assessed using potential vorticity inversion
Authors: Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Gray Suzanne L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe dynamics of a polar low are examined using a piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion method. In previous studies of this and other polar lows, structural evolution has been described in terms of regions of anomalous PV. In this study the relative importance of different PV anomalies and the interactions between them have been quantified using PV diagnostics. The intensification of the polar low occurred in three stages (in contrast to previous studies of polar lows that have only identified two stages). The dynamical characteristics of stages one and two are consistent with the proposed type C cyclogenesis mechanism. A diabatically‐generated lower‐tropospheric PV anomaly dominated intensification after initial triggering by a positive upper‐level PV anomaly. A phase tilt between the upper and lower levels was maintained through retardation of the positive upper‐level anomaly by the effects of latent heat release. Stage three was a period of growth dominated by wind‐induced surface heat exchange (WISHE), which contributed at least 18% to the amplitude of the mature surface polar low. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Mass spectrometry as a tool for the selective profiling of destruxins; their first identification in Lecanicillium longisporum
Authors: Butt Tariq M. , Hadj Noomen Ben El , Skrobek Anke , Ravensberg Willem J. , Wang Chengshu , Lange Catherine M. , Vey Alain , Shah Umi‐Kulsoom , Dudley Ed 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMass spectrometry was applied to the identification of the destruxins (dtxs), cyclic peptides that are commonly produced by the fungal insect‐pathogen, Metarhizium anisopliae. The aim of the study was to optimise a methodology in order to firstly determine whether these compounds were present in other species and to determine the effect of differing growth conditions upon the dtx content detected. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐ToF‐MS) was initially used to analyse the dtxs, but limitations were indicated. Nano‐scale high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS) and automated ‘data‐dependent’ tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis were also applied, utilising characteristic neutral losses during fragmentation to confirm the presence of the dtxs. This latter approach distinguished the dtx E and B isoforms by retention time and diagnostic neutral losses during fragmentation allowing extraction of the destruxin data from a complex dataset. This process revealed the presence of a number of dtxs in the fungal species Lecanicillium longisporum, a species previously not known to produce dtxs, and dtx production in this species was shown to be significantly higher in aerated cultures compared with still cultures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.