bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The online educational tool “Roadmap to EEGs” significantly improved trainee performance in recognizing EEG patterns
Authors: Sheikh Irfan S. , Katyal Roohi , Hadjinicolaou Aris , Bibby Bo Martin , Olandoski Marcia , Nascimento Fábio A. , Beniczky Sandor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe created a framework to assess the competency‐based EEG curriculum, outlined by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) through a video‐based online educational resource (“Roadmap to EEGs”) and assessed its effectiveness and feasibility in improving trainees' knowledge.MethodsTen video‐based e‐learning modules addressed seven key topics in EEG and epileptology (normal EEG, normal variants, EEG artifacts, interictal epileptiform discharges (IED), focal seizures, idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE)). We posted the educational videos on YouTube for free access. Pre‐ and post‐tests, each comprising 20 multiple‐choice questions, were distributed to institution leadership and advertised on social media platforms to reach a global audience. The tests were administered online to assess the participants' knowledge. Pre‐ and post‐test questions showed different EEG samples to avoid memorization and immediate recall. After completing the post‐test, participants were asked to respond to 7 additional questions assessing their confidence levels and recommendations for improvement.ResultsA total of 52 complete and matched pre‐ and post‐test responses were collected. The probability of a correct response was 73% before teaching (95% CI: 70%–77%) and 81% after teaching (95% CI: 78%–84%). The odds of a correct response increased significantly by 59% (95% CI: 28%–98%, p < .001). For participants having >4 weeks of EEG training, the probability of a correct response was 76% (95% CI: .72–.79) and 81% after teaching (95% CI: .78–.84). The odds of answering correctly increased by 44% (95% CI: 15%–80%, p = .001). Participants felt completely confident in independently interpreting and identifying EEG findings after completing the teaching modules (17.1% before vs. 37.8% after, p‐value < .0001). 86.5% of participants expressed a high likelihood of recommending the module to other trainees.SignificanceThe video‐based online educational resource allows participants to acquire foundational knowledge in EEG/epilepsy, and participants to review previously learned EEG/epilepsy information.
Aroma profiles of shalgam: Effect of purple carrot (Daucus carota) amount
Authors: Tanguler Hasan , Sen Kemal , Dinc Selin Ozge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShalgam is a fermented product characterized by its color and aroma compounds. However, there is no standard regarding the amount of use of purple carrot, which is the major raw material in production and affects the fermentation and aroma compounds of the product. This present research was designed to examine the effect of purple carrot concentrations on aroma compounds, which are one of the most important characteristics that reflect the quality characteristics of shalgam and affect consumer preferences. Aroma compounds in shalgam juices produced using five different amounts of carrots were analyzed by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detector‐mass spectrometry (GC‐FID‐MS). As expected, since the difference between the produced shalgam beverages was only the amount of purple carrots, a qualitative similarity and a quantitative difference were determined in the aroma profiles in general. In the aroma categories defined, terpenes (26 compounds) were the most abundant compounds, followed by esters (17 compounds) and higher alcohols (11 compounds). 88 aroma compounds have been identified in shalgam, and a total of 28 ACs, including 7 terpenes, 7 esters, 3 alcohols, 4 volatile acids, 3 volatile phenols, 1 lactone, 1 norisoprenoid, and 2 naphthalenes, were detected for the first time. The concentration of aromas in the samples varied from 5471.5 to 6490.1 μg/L (p < .05). According to principal component analysis, it was determined that the correlation between the position of the shalgam samples in the coordinate system and the aroma groups was significant. This study shows that purple carrots also affect the aroma compounds of shalgam beverages.
Executive function deficits in patients with the first episode of late‐life depression before and after SSRI treatment: A pilot fMRI study
Authors: Liu Chaomeng , Li Li , Pan Weigang , Mao Peixian , Ren Li , Li Bing , Ma Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExecutive function deficits (EFD) in late‐life depression (LLD) has been reported to be associated with antidepressant treatment resistance, increased disability, and poor quality of life. However, the underlying neutral mechanisms of EFD in patients with the first episode of LLD remains unclear.MethodsA total of 27 patients with first‐episode, drug‐naive LLD and 27 non‐depressed controls (NC) were recruited for the present research. Participants underwent the Trail Making Test, the 17‐item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD‐17) test, and task‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans under the neutral Stroop task. LLD patients' executive functions, depressive symptoms, and brain activity were examined again after 6 months of antidepressant treatment.ResultsOf the 27 LLD patients, 16 cases completed 6‐month follow‐ups. Patients in the LLD baseline group spent more time on the Trail Making Test A test than those in the NC group (p < 0.05). In the presence of an incongruency between the word color and meaning, the accuracy rate of the neutral Stroop task in the LLD baseline group was lower, and the reaction time was greater than that in the NC group, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The HAMD‐17 score in the LLD follow‐up group was significantly lower than that in the LLD baseline group (p < 0.05). More activated brain regions were present in the LLD baseline group than in the NC group when performing the neutral Stroop task. Compared with the LLD baseline group, abnormal activation of relevant brains in the cingulate‐prefrontal‐parietal network of LLD patients still existed in the LLD follow‐up group.ConclusionsLLD patients engaged more brain areas than the NC group while performing the neutral Stroop task. Abnormal activation of the cingulate‐prefrontal‐parietal network could be a contributing factor to EFD in LLD.Trial registrationChiCTR, ChiCTR2100042370 (Date of registration: 21/01/2021).LimitsWe didn't enroll enough first‐episode, LLD patients, the robustness of the findings need to be confirmed by large sample clinical trials.
Treatment patterns, clinical outcomes and gene mutation characteristics of hepatitis B virus‐associated mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Feng Jiangfang , Fei Yue , Gao Meng , Meng Xiangrui , Zeng Dongfeng , Zou Dehui , Ye Haige , Liang Yun , Sun Xiuhua , Liang Rong , Zhou Hui , Wang Xianhuo , Zhang Huilai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon and incurable B‐cell lymphoma subtype that has an aggressive course. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been associated with an increased risk for B‐cell lymphomas, and is characterized by distinct clinical and genetic features. Here, we showed that 9.5% of MCL Chinese patients were hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAg+). Compared to HBsAg‐negative (HBsAg−) patients, HBsAg+ MCL patients had a greater incidence of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), but no difference was observed in the other clinical characteristics, including sex, age, ECOG ps, Ann Arbor stage, MIPI, extranodal involvement and Ki‐67. The HD‐AraC (high‐dose cytarabine) regimen was the main first‐line induction regimen for younger HBsAg+ patients, and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) were used for elderly patients. HBsAg seropositivity was associated with a significantly shorter PFS than HBsAg seronegativity when patients were treated with rituximab or CHOP‐based regimens. Compared with CHOP, the HD‐AraC regimen was associated with longer PFS in HBsAg+ patients. Treatment with a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) alone can also cause HBV reactivation. Among the 74 patients who underwent targeted deep sequencing (TDS), the nonsynonymous mutation load of HBsAg+ MCL patients was greater than that of HBsAg− MCL patients. HDAC1, TRAF5, FGFR4, SMAD2, JAK3, SMC1A, ZAP70, BLM, CDK12, PLCG2, SMO, TP63, NF1, PTPR, EPHA2, RPTOR and FIP1L1 were significantly enriched in HBsAg+ MCL patients.
The use of pembrolizumab monotherapy for the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the UK
Authors: Vasiliadou Ifigenia , Grose Derek , Wilson Christina , Thapa Alekh , Donnelly Olly , Lee Elsa , Leslie Isla , Karim Mahwish , Hartley Andrew , Partridge Sarah , Medlow Katharine , De Boisanger James , Metcalf Robert , Williamson Andrew , Haridass Anoop , Noble David , Mactier Karen , Walter Harriet , Ma Ning , De Winton Emma , Cohen Jennifer , Rayner Lindsay , Geropantas Konstantinos , Jankowska Petra , Mason Jessica , Moleron Rafael , Laws Kirsten , Ulahannan Danny , Nallathambi Chandran , Michaelidou Andriana , Nallamilli Susanna , Raouf Sherif , Palmer Kieran , Bienz Maya , Karet Tracy , Khalique Saira , Paterson Claire , Harrington Kevin , Bhide Shreerang , Kong Anthony 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPembrolizumab has received approval in the UK as first‐line monotherapy for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC (R/M HNSCC) following the results of the KEYNOTE‐048 trial, which demonstrated a longer overall survival (OS) in comparison to the EXTREME chemotherapy regimen in patients with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥1. In this article, we provide retrospective real‐world data on the role of pembrolizumab monotherapy as first‐line systemic therapy for HNSCC across 18 centers in the UK from March 20, 2020 to May 31, 2021. 211 patients were included, and in the efficacy analysis, the objective response rate (ORR) was 24.7%, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 4.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6–6.1), and the median OS was 10.8 months (95% CI 9.0–12.5). Pembrolizumab monotherapy was well tolerated, with 18 patients having to stop treatment owing to immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). 53 patients proceeded to second‐line treatment with a median PFS2 of 10.2 months (95% CI: 8.8–11.5). Moreover, patients with documented irAEs had a statistically significant longer median PFS (11.3 vs. 3.3 months; log‐rank p value = <.001) and median OS (18.8 vs. 8.9 months; log‐rank p value <.001). The efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab first‐line monotherapy for HNSCC has been validated using real‐world data.
Comprehensive genomic profiling of salivary gland carcinoma: Analysis of the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database in Japan
Authors: Iwaki Sho , Kawakita Daisuke , Nagao Toshitaka , Tada Yuichiro , Honma Yoshitaka , Ando Mizuo , Matoba Takuma , Minohara Kiyoshi , Nakano Satsuki , Murase Takayuki , Iwasaki Shinichi , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractComprehensive information on genetic alterations in salivary gland cancer (SGC) is limited. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with SGC using the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C‐CAT) database, a Japanese national genomic database. We analyzed data of 776 patients with SGC registered in the C‐CAT database between June 1, 2019, and June 30, 2023. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common histologic type, followed by salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified. Genetic data of 681 patients receiving FoundationOne® CDx were analyzed. We identified specific features of the combination of TP53 and CDKN2A alterations among the histological types. Specific LYN amplification was mainly detected in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and myoepithelial carcinoma. For SDC, the frequency of ERBB2 and BRAF alterations were higher in cases with metastatic lesions than in those with primary lesions. Although 28.6% patients were offered recommended treatment options, only 6.8% received the recommended treatments. This study highlights the differences in genetic alterations among the histological types of SGC, with comprehensive genomic profiling tests revealing lower drug accessibility. These findings could contribute to the development of personalized treatment for patients with SGC.
HeCapsNet: An enhanced capsule network for automated heel disease diagnosis using lateral foot X‐Ray images
Authors: Taher Osamah , Özacar Kasım 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFoot pain, particularly caused by heel spurs and Sever's disease, significantly impacts mobility and daily activities for many people. These diseases are traditionally diagnosed by orthopedic specialists using X‐ray images of the lateral foot. In certain situations, the absence of specialists requires the adoption of AI‐based methods; however, the lack of a dataset hinders the use of AI for the preliminary diagnosis of these diseases. Therefore, this study first presents a novel dataset consisting of 3956 annotated lateral foot X‐ray images and uses the original capsule network (CapsNet) to automatically detect and classify heel bone diseases. The low accuracy of 73.99% of CapsNet due to the low extraction feature layers led us to search for a new model. For this reason, this paper also proposes a new enhanced capsule network (HeCapsNet) by adjusting the features extraction layers, adding extra convolutional layers, using “he normal” kernel initializer instead of “normal” and utilizing the “same” padding scheme to perform better with medical images. Evaluating the performance of the proposed model, higher accuracy rates are achieved, including 97.29% for balanced data, 94.19% for imbalanced data, area under the curve (AUC) of 98.69%, and a fivefold cross‐validation accuracy of 95.77%. We then compared our proposed model with state‐of‐the‐art modified CapsNet models using various datasets (MNIST, Fashion‐MNIST, CIFAR10, and brain tumor). HeCapsNet performed similarly to modified CapsNets on relatively simple non‐medical datasets such as MNIST and Fashion‐MNIST, but performed better on more complex medical datasets.
A proposed in vitro cytotoxicity test battery to detect and predict hepatotoxicity via multiple mechanisms and pathways: a minireview
Authors: Sahu Saura C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe 21st‐century toxicity testing program recommends the use of cytotoxicity data from human cells in culture for rapid in vitro screening focusing on biological pathways of potential toxicants to predict in vivo toxicity. Liver is the major organ for both endogenous and exogenous chemical metabolism of xenobiotics. Therefore, this review was undertaken to evaluate side by side five different currently used commercial cytotoxicity assay kits for purpose of rapid predictive screening of potential hepatotoxicants. The test compounds for this review were selected from the NIH LiverTox and FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base (LTKB) databases. Human liver HepG2, HepaRG, and rat liver Clone 9 cell cultures were used as the in vitro liver models. Five commercial assay kits representing different biomarkers or pathways were selected for this review. These kits are Vita‐Orange Cell Viability Assay Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich), CellTiter‐Glo Cell Viability Assay Kit (Promega), CytoTox‐ONE Homogeneous Membrane Integrity Assay Kit (Promega), DNA Quantitation Fluorescence Assay Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich), and Neutral Red Based In Vitro Toxicology Assay Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich). This review found that these kits can all be used for rapid predictive cytotoxicity screening of potential hepatotoxicants in human liver HepG2 and rat liver Clone 9 cells in culture as in vitro liver models without compromising quality and accuracy of endpoint measurements as well as the length of toxicity screening time. Unraveling the structure–activity relationship of potential hepatotoxins would help to classify their hepatotoxic effects. Therefore, in addition to the current regulatory hepatotoxicity testing strategies, development and regulatory approval of hepatotoxins need to be discussed in order to identify potential gaps in the safety assessment. The overall results of our study support the hypothesis that a battery of rapid, simple, and reliable assays is an excellent tool for predicting in vivo effects of suspected liver toxins. The human liver HepaRG cells do not appear to be an ideal in vitro liver model for this purpose.
Biodegradable electrospun poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone)/polyethylene glycol/bioactive glass composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering
Authors: de Souza Joyce R. , Cardoso Lais M. , de Toledo Priscila T. A. , Rahimnejad Maedeh , Kito Letícia T. , Thim Gilmar P. , Campos Tiago M. B. , Borges Alexandre L. S. , Bottino Marco C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe field of tissue engineering has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the pursuit of innovative solutions to address the challenges of bone regeneration. In this study, we developed an electrospun composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The composite scaffold is made of a blend of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with the incorporation of calcined and lyophilized silicate‐chlorinated bioactive glass (BG) particles. Our investigation involved a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, alongside an evaluation of its biological efficacy employing alveolar bone‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. The incorporation of PEG and BG resulted in elevated swelling ratios, consequently enhancing hydrophilicity. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the efficient incorporation of BG, with the scaffolds demonstrating thermal stability up to 250°C. Mechanical testing revealed enhanced tensile strength and Young's modulus in the presence of BG; however, the elongation at break decreased. Cell viability assays demonstrated improved cytocompatibility, especially in the PLCL/PEG+BG group. Alizarin red staining indicated enhanced osteoinductive potential, and fluorescence analysis confirmed increased cell adhesion in the PLCL/PEG+BG group. Our findings suggest that the PLCL/PEG/BG composite scaffold holds promise as an advanced biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
The crystallization properties of antifreeze GelMA hydrogel and its application in cryopreservation of tissue‐engineered skin constructs
Authors: Tan Jia , Li Jiahui , Zhou Xinli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels are expected to be ideal skin tissue engineering dressings for a wide range of clinical treatments. Herein, we report the preparation of GelMA or antifreeze GelMA hydrogel sheets with different GelMA concentrations, crosslinking times, and cryoprotectant (CPA) concentrations. The crystallization properties of GelMA or antifreeze GelMA hydrogel sheets were studied by cryomicroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the growth of ice crystals was slower when GelMA hydrogel concentration was more than 7%. The 10% DMSO‐7% GelMA hydrogel sheets crosslinked for 60 min showed no ice crystal formation and growth during cooling and warming. The DSC results showed that the vitrification temperature of the 10% DMSO‐7% GelMA hydrogel sheet was −111°C. Furthermore, slow freezing and rapid freezing of fibroblast‐laden GelMA or antifreeze GelMA hydrogel sheets, and tissue‐engineered skin constructs were studied. The results showed no significant difference in cell survival between slow (88.8% ± 1.51) and rapid (89.2% ± 3.00) freezing of fibroblast‐loaded 10% DMSO‐7% GelMA hydrogel sheets, and significantly higher than that of 7% GelMA hydrogel sheets (33.4% ± 5.46). The cell viability was higher in tissue‐engineered skin constructs after slow freezing (86.34% ± 1.45) than rapid freezing (72.74% ± 1.34). We believe that the combination of antifreeze hydrogels and tissue engineering will facilitate the cryopreservation of tissue engineering constructs.
Prenatal tomography ultrasound imaging diagnosis of fetal pyriform sinus cysts (third or fourth branchial cleft cyst): A case report
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Pei Qiuyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis case report describes a fetal piriform sinus cyst identified via tomographic ultrasound imaging and discusses its prenatal sonographic characteristics. We employed the tomographic ultrasound imaging function of the GE Voluson Ultrasound E10 to visualize multilevel transverse sections of the cyst. Specifically, we propose for the first time that the cross‐sectional shape of a piriform sinus cyst composed of aryepiglottic folds approximates a triangle. This special shape facilitates the precise localization of the piriform sinus, providing valuable insights for timely diagnosis and appropriate postnatal management.
Trends in preoperative carbohydrate load practice: A systematic review
Authors: Canelli Robert J. , Louca Joseph , Gonzalez Rafael M. , Rendon Luis F. , Hartman Ciana R. , Bilotta Federico 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe preoperative carbohydrate load (PCL) is intended to improve surgical outcomes by reducing the catabolic state induced by overnight fasting. However, there is disagreement on the optimal PCL prescription, leaving local institutions without a standardized PCL recommendation. Results from studies that do not prescribe PCL in identical ways cannot be pooled to draw larger conclusions on outcomes affected by the PCL. The aim of this systematic review is to catalog prescribed PCL characteristics, including timing of ingestion, percentage of carbohydrate contribution, and volume, to ultimately standardize PCL practice.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Randomized controlled trials were included if they studied at least one group of patients who were prescribed a PCL and the PCL was described with respect to timing of ingestion, carbohydrate contribution, and total volume.ResultsA total of 67 studies with 6551 patients were included in this systematic review. Of the studies, 49.3% were prescribed PCL on the night before surgery and morning of surgery, whereas 47.8% were prescribed PCL on the morning of surgery alone. The mean prescribed carbohydrate concentration was 13.5% (±3.4). The total volume prescribed was 648.2 ml (±377).ConclusionVariation in PCL practices prevent meaningful data pooling and outcome analysis, highlighting the need for standardized PCL prescription. Efforts dedicated to the establishment of a gold standard PCL prescription are necessary so that studies can be pooled and analyzed with respect to meaningful clinical end points that impact surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction.