bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denitrifying bacteria and hydrogeochemistry in a natural wetland adjacent to farmlands in Chiba, Japan
Authors: Li Fadong , Zhang Qiuying , Tang Changyuan , Fukumoto Kouichiro , Ota Hiromi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study combined bacterial incubation and hydrogeochemical methods to investigate denitrification in the surface water, top soil (0–20 cm), and shallow groundwater of the Ochi wetland in Japan. Surface water was rich in nitrate (40 mg/l) and denitrifying bacteria (700 per ml). Three functional zones in the wetland were identified in the top soil and shallow groundwater. In the upstream portion of the wetland (Zone I), the counts of denitrifying bacteria in top soil increased from 5200 to 14 970 per ml and nitrate decreased from 25·4 to 1·8 mg/l. Organic carbon concentrations decreased as sulfate increased from 4·0 to 9·6 mg/l in this zone. In the middle‐stream of the wetland (Zone II), all concentrations of major anions, iron, organic carbon, and total nitrogen content in top soil were relatively constant, but the counts of denitrifying bacteria increased up to 70 200 per ml. In the downstream portion of the wetland (Zone III), complete removal of nitrate resulted in sharp reduction of counts of denitrifying bacteria. Correspondingly, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic carbon, and total nitrogen increased in this zone. Counts of denitrifying bacteria were lower in shallow groundwater than in top soil; nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater were also very low in this zone. DO and the oxidation/reduction potential data suggest that groundwater flows to the surface along an extended flow path, thus providing nitrate for the denitrifying community. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ischemic heart disease and stroke before and during endocrine treatment for prostate cancer in PCBaSe Sweden
Authors: Robinson David , Garmo Hans , Lindahl Bertil , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Adolfsson Jan , Bratt Ola , Holmberg Lars , Stattin Pär 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn observational studies of men with prostate cancer, men on endocrine treatment (ET) have had an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. However, prostate cancer per se may increase risk of IHD and stroke and men on ET may have been at increased risk already prior to initiation of ET. We assessed the incidence of IHD and stroke in men with prostate cancer before and during different endocrine treatments. The hazard ratio (HR) of IHD and stroke in 39,051 men with prostate cancer vs. a matched control population without prostate cancer was assessed by use of Cox proportion hazard models. An increased risk was found among 30,883 men with prostate cancer who did not receive ET, with a HR of 1.08 (95% CI 1.00–1.18) for IHD and 1.10 (95%CI 1.00–1.21) for stroke. In 8,168 men who initiated ET during the observation period, the risk of IHD was significantly higher (p = 0.014), during ET (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.17–1.67) compared with before initiation of ET (HR of 0.98, 95% CI 0.72–1.33), whereas no such increase was found for stroke. Regardless of treatment, men with prostate cancer had a small increase in risk of IHD and stroke and initiation of ET was associated with a further increase in risk of IHD. Our data underline the importance of a proper indication for ET because many men with low‐risk prostate cancer currently receive ET.
Lymphatic endothelial cell‐secreted CXCL1 stimulates lymphangiogenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Jianbo , Zhang Changhua , He Yulong , Wu Hui , Wang Zhao , Song Wu , Li Wen , He Weiling , Cai Shirong , Zhan Wenhua 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLymph node metastasis is a significant factor in gastric cancer prognosis. It is well known that cancer cells secrete lymphangiogenic factors, thereby promoting lymphangiogenesis. However, the effects of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)‐secreted factors on the process of lymphangiogenesis and tumor cell metastasis remain unclear. We established an animal model and successfully isolated LECs from afferent lymph vessels of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in animal models. A microarray analysis was performed to characterize gene expression profile in afferent LECs induced by metastatic cancer cells. There were significant differences in 846 genes between normal LECs and LECs with lymph node metastasis. Among these genes, we found that expression of CXCL1 was upregulated, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In a coculture system, gastric cancer cells induced CXCL1 secretion from LECs, which was associated with the NF‐κB pathway. CXCL1 stimulated LECs migration and tube formation involving FAK‐ERK1/2‐RhoA activation and reorganization of F‐actin. In human gastric cancer specimens, CXCR2 expression was positively correlated with TNM (Tumor, node, metastasis) stage and lymphatic vessel density. These results suggested that LECs of afferent SLNs had specific expression profiles, which were distinct from those of normal lymphatic vessels and appeared to promote metastasis. The expression pattern described in our study, including CXCL1 in LECs and its receptor CXCR2 in cancer cells, offers a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Implementation of a mental health consultation model and its impact on early childhood teachers' efficacy and competence
Authors: Heller Sherryl Scott , Boothe Allison , Keyes Angela , Nagle Geoffrey , Sidell Margo , Rice Janet 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEarly childhood mental health (MH) consultants work closely with childcare teachers onsite to serve as a resource for childcare providers as they foster and enhance children's early development. The increase in the quality of care that can be supported through an early childhood MH consultation program makes this type of consultation an optimal tool for enhancing the childcare environment and overall child development. This article details the initial launch of the MH consultation program to childcare centers in the state of Louisiana. Analyses support the assertions that (a) a model of MH consultation can be implemented successfully at a statewide level, (b) MH consultation is associated with an increase in teacher self‐efficacy, and (c) teachers' report that the MH consultation increased their competence in specific areas related to children's socioemotional development. Analyses indicate that there is a differential impact on teachers based on their age and level of experience. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Investing in the future: Building an academic hospitalist faculty development program
Authors: Sehgal Niraj L. , Sharpe Bradley A. , Auerbach Andrew A. , Wachter Robert M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Academic hospital medicine (AHM) groups continue to grow rapidly, driven largely by clinical demands. While new hospitalist faculty usually have strong backgrounds in clinical medicine, they often lack the tools needed to achieve excellence in the other aspects of a faculty career, including teaching, research, quality improvement, and leadership skills.Objective:To develop and implement a Faculty Development (FD) Program that improves the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and scholarly output of first‐year faculty.Intervention:We created a vision and framework for FD that targeted our new faculty but also engaged our entire Division of Hospital Medicine. New faculty participated in a dedicated coaching relationship with a more senior faculty member, a core curriculum, a teaching course, and activities to meet a set of stated scholarly expectations. All faculty participated in newly established divisional Grand Rounds, a lunch seminar series, and venues to share scholarship and works in progress.Results:Our FD programmatic offerings were rated highly overall on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 highest): Core Seminars 4.83 ± 0.41, Coaching Program 4.5 ± 0.84, Teaching Course 4.5 ± 0.55, Grand Rounds 4.83 ± 0.41, and Lunch Seminars 4.5 ± 0.84. Compared to faculty hired in the 2 years prior to our FD program implementation, new faculty reported greater degrees of work satisfaction, increased comfort with their skills in a variety of areas, and improved academic output.Conclusion:Building FD programs can be effective to foster the development and satisfaction of new faculty while also creating a shared commitment towards an academic mission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Mutational status of KIT and PDGFRA and expression of PDGFRA are not associated with prognosis after curative resection of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
Authors: Kern Alexander , Görgens Heike , Dittert Dag‐Daniel , Krüger Stefan , Richter Konrad Klaus , Schackert Hans K. , Saeger Hans‐Detlev , Baretton Gustavo , Pistorius Steffen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate if immunohistochemical expression and mutational status of KIT and PDGFRA in GISTs are associated with the clinical course and disease‐free survival after curative resection of the primary tumor without adjuvant systemic therapy.MethodsParaffin‐embedded tumor sections of 95 GISTs were analyzed for KIT and PDGFRA expression by immunohistochemistry. PDGFRA expression was judged using a scoring system subdividing tumors in negative/weak and strong immunoreactivity groups. For mutation analysis, exons 9, 10, 11, 13, and 17 of KIT and exons 10, 12, 14, and 18 of PDGFRA were sequenced.ResultsOf 95 R0‐resected GISTs, 69% showed strong PDGFRA immunoreactivity. Gastric GISTs revealed a significantly higher rate of strong PDGFRA immunoreactivity (P = 0.01) and longer DFS (P = 0.015) than GISTs of the small intestine. KIT mutations were detected in 43 of 63 (68.3%) completely sequenced cases while PDGFRA mutations were identified in 6 cases (10%). In multivariate analysis, neither KIT/PDGFRA expression nor mutational status of KIT or PDGFRA were independent prognostic factors. Only mitotic rate predicted recurrence independently.ConclusionOur data do not support the notion that expression of PDGFRA or mutations in KIT or PDGFRA are independent prognostic factors after curative resection of primary GIST. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:59–65. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparative separation of atropine and scopolamine from Daturae metelis Flos using pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography with counter‐rotation and dual‐mode elution procedure
Authors: He Yutong , Luo Jianguang , Kong Lingyi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo isolate atropine and scopolamine from Daturae metelis Flos, three different elution modes have been applied in pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography. These separations were performed with a two‐phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n‐butanol/water (4:1:5 v/v) with 0.50% triethylamine in the organic phase and 0.15% hydrochloric acid in the aqueous phase. As a result, the best separation was obtained by counter‐rotation and dual‐mode elution procedure. In this new separation mode, the mobile phase and stationary phase were exchanged when the rotation direction was reversed. The two purified alkaloids (purity over 98% as determined by HPLC) were identified by ESI‐MS, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR.
Fluorinated monolithic column for CEC
Authors: Choodum Aree , Smith Norman William , Thavarungkul Panote , Kanatharana Proespichaya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn order to overcome the drawbacks associated with particle‐based fluorinated stationary phases, a fluorinated cationic monolith was successfully synthesized by the in situ copolymerization of a 45% monomer mixture and 55% porogens with thermal initiation using 0.1% initiator with respect to the monomer mixture. The monomer mixture was composed of perfluorododecyl acrylate (49.75%), ethylene dimethacrylate (49.75%), and 0.5% of the quaternary amine acrylic monomer supporting an anodal electroosmotic flow. A tertiary porogenic solvent system consisting of 40% 1‐propanol, 40% 1‐octanol, and 20% 1‐dodecanol was used. The resulting monolith column showed good characteristics in terms of morphology, permeability (pressure drop was 4.8–25.7 MPa between 5 and 25 μL/min), and the electroosmotic mobility (3.68 (±0.05)×10−4 cm2 v−1 s−1). The monolith was tested for the separation of four phenolic compounds, three aromatic hydrocarbons, and one fluorine‐containing compound. Good efficiencies (up to 135 000 (±4000) plate/m and resolution up to 2.6 (±0.1)) with short analysis time (< 9 min for tau‐fluvalinate, <7 min for four phenolic compounds, and <12 min for three aromatic hydrocarbons) and good stability (1.0–1.5% RSD for intraday, 1.2–1.6% RSD for interday, and 3.9–5.0% RSD for column‐to‐column) were obtained.
The cost‐effectiveness of community‐based screening for oral cancer in high‐risk males in the United States: A Markov decision analysis approach
Authors: Dedhia Raj C. , Smith Kenneth J. , Johnson Jonas T. , Roberts Mark 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:The 2004 US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines do not recommend routinely screening adults for oral cancer given no proven mortality reduction. A large cluster‐randomized controlled screening trial in Kerala, India, in 2005, however, reported a significant reduction in mortality for screened male tobacco and/or alcohol users. In the United States, office‐based screening efforts targeting males of high risk (regular use of tobacco and/or alcohol) have been unsuccessful due to poor attendance. Given the newfound screening mortality benefit to this high‐risk subpopulation, we sought to ascertain the cost‐effectiveness threshold of a yearly, community outreach screening program for males more than 40 years regularly using tobacco and/or alcohol.Study Design:Markov decision analysis model; societal perspective.Methods:A literature search was performed to determine event probabilities, health utilities, and cost parameters to serve as model inputs. Screen versus No‐Screen strategies were modeled using assumptions and published data. The primary outcome was the difference in costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) between the two cohorts, representing the potential budget for a screening program. One‐way sensitivity analysis was performed for several key parameters.Results:The No‐Screen arm was dominated with an incremental cost of $258 and an incremental effectiveness of −0.0414 QALYs. Using the $75,000/QALY metric, the maximum allowable budget for a screening program equals $3,363 ($258 + $3,105) per screened person over a 40‐year time course.Conclusion:Given the significant health benefits and financial savings via early detection in the screened cohort, a community‐based screening program targeting high‐risk males is likely to be cost‐effective.
Scientific concepts for an integrated analysis of desertification
Authors: Reynolds J. F. , Grainger A. , Stafford Smith D. M. , Bastin G. , Garcia‐Barrios L. , Fernández R. J. , Janssen M. A. , Jürgens N. , Scholes R. J. , Veldkamp A. , Verstraete M. M. , Von Maltitz G. , Zdruli P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Global Drylands Observing System proposed in this issue should reduce the huge uncertainty about the extent of desertification and the rate at which it is changing, and provide valuable information to scientists, planners and policy‐makers. However, it needs careful design if information outputs are to be scientifically credible and salient to the needs of people living in dry areas. Its design would benefit from a robust, integrated scientific framework like the Dryland Development Paradigm to guide/inform the development of an integrated global monitoring and assessment programme (both directly and indirectly via the use of modelling). Various types of dryland system models (e.g. environmental, socioeconomic, land‐use cover change, and agent‐based) could provide insights into how to combine the plethora of monitoring information gathered on key socioeconomic and biophysical indicators to develop integrated assessment models. This paper shows how insights from models can help in selecting and integrating indicators, interpreting synthetic trends, incorporating cross‐scalar processes, representing spatio‐temporal variation, and evaluating uncertainty. Planners could use this integrated global monitoring and assessment programme to help implement effective policies to address the global problem of desertification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intense pulse light and 5‐ALA PDT: Phototoxic effects in vitro depend on the spectral overlap with protoporphyrine IX but do not match cut‐off filter notations
Authors: Maisch Tim , Moor Anne C.E. , Regensburger Johannes , Ortland Christoph , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Bäumler Wolfgang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSuccessful photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a light source by which light is absorbed by the photosensitizer. Such absorption is achieved by adapting the emission spectrum of the lamp to the absorption‐spectrum of the photosensitizer. Intense pulsed light sources (IPLs) are widely used in dermatology, but a standardized protocol for IPL‐PDT is not available. Five different IPLs were chosen to evaluate their efficacy for PDT in vitro and the possibility for developing a standard protocol for PDT.Materials and MethodsEmission‐spectra of IPLs were measured with an optical spectrograph and compared with the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrine IX (PpIX). Keratinocytes were incubated with 5‐ALA and illuminated with the IPLs. Cell viability was determined for radiant exposures ranging from 0 to 504 J/cm2 and pulse durations from 8 to 100 milliseconds. A standard LED light source was used as a reference.ResultsCell viability is less effectively reduced by 5‐ALA‐PDT with IPLs than by a LED light source. Radiant exposures of the five IPLs ranged between 80 and 311 J/cm2 to achieve the EC50 value. This value correlated with the spectral overlap of the respective IPL and the absorption‐spectrum of PpIX but not with the cut‐off filter notations supplied by the manufacturer.ConclusionsAll IPLs assessed emit different spectra because of different filter technologies. Different radiant exposures (J/cm2) were necessary to achieve a photodynamic effect with 5‐ALA in vitro depending on these spectra similar to the photodynamic effect of the standard LED light source. IPLs may be applicable in clinical PDT but radiant exposure protocols must be separately evaluated for each single IPL despite similar cut‐off filter specifications. Such protocols are highly important for clinical practice to avoid a potential mismatch of excitation wavelengths and to prevent photothermal side effects when light intensities of up to hundreds of W/cm2 are applied. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:176–182, 2011 © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of a multiple diode laser system for body contouring
Authors: Elm Courtney M.L. , Wallander Irmina D. , Endrizzi Bart , Zelickson Brian D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to induce cellular reactions in nonphotosynthetic cells however skepticism remains regarding efficacy at the clinical level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT independent of liposuction. Additionally, a weight loss supplement (Curva™, Santa Barbra Medical Innovations, Santa Barbra, CA) was evaluated. This clinical trial evaluates the effectiveness of the Erchonia EML Laser (Zerona™ System, Santa Barbra Medical Innovations) for non‐invasive fat reduction and body contouring in a split‐body clinical evaluation.Materials and MethodsFive subjects were enrolled and completed the study. Subjects had a body mass index (BMI) of less than or equal to 29 kg/m2 and satisfied the set inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to receive low‐level laser treatments on one side of the body three times per week for 2 weeks. One group took the weight loss supplement and was also treated with the laser. Subject satisfaction questionnaires, physician blinded photo evaluation, circumference measurements and ultrasound measurements were utilized to evaluate efficacy.ResultsCircumference measurements revealed no statistically significant reduction at either 7 days or 1 month post‐treatment. One month following treatment the greatest circumference reduction overall was 0.5 ± 0.3 inches. Ultrasound measurements also did not reveal statistically significant reduction in fat layer thickness (P > 0.5). Evaluation by three blinded dermatologists resulted in average correct photo identification of 51.1%. Results reflect little clinical difference between post‐treatment and baseline images. Three subjects recording a “dissatisfied” rating on satisfaction questionnaires and all subjects reported the effects of the treatment were less than expected. Subjects who took the weight loss supplement had no greater circumference reduction or identifiable clinical outcome.ConclusionsThis small study demonstrates to the authors that there needs to be more evidence to show clinical circumferential reduction before LLLT can be recommended as an effective therapeutic option. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:114–121, 2011 © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrospective analysis of non‐ablative scar treatment in dark skin types using the sub‐millisecond Nd:YAG 1,064 nm Laser
Authors: Badawi Ashraf , Tome Mohamed A. , Atteya Abeer , Sami Nevine , Morsy Iman A.L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe use of lasers to treat atrophic scarring conditions in darker skin types presents a significant challenge to laser practitioners. Current treatment modalities, including deep dermal peels; ablative; non‐ablative; and fractional laser resurfacing and surgical techniques, are limited in skin types IV through VI due to increased risks of hyper‐ and hypo‐pigmentation. This is especially true when attempting to treat large areas of acne scarring. This study investigates the treatment of atrophic scarring with a non‐ablative sub‐millisecond‐pulsed 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser in darker skin types.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of a sub‐millisecond 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of atrophic scarring in Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI through retrospective photographic analysis.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients (n = 22) who received sub‐millisecond Nd:YAG laser treatments for atrophic scarring over a 6‐month period. Patients had Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI and were treated for the indication of atrophic scarring using the fluence of 14–16 J/cm2, pulse duration of 300–500 microseconds and repetition rate of 5–7 Hz. An average of six treatments was performed on each patient approximately 3 weeks apart and the mean follow‐up time after the final treatment was 9 months (range of 3–10 months). Blinded photographic assessments were performed by three independent physicians using photos unlabeled for before and after and arranged in non‐chronological order. Reviewers were asked to determine before and after photos and the degree of improvement in scarring, textural change, and post‐inflammatory hyper‐pigmentation (PIH) secondary to the acne or scarring condition. Degree of improvement was graded using a four‐point scale: 0 = <25%, 1 = 25–50%, 2 = 51–75%, 3 = 76–100%.ResultsBased on blinded photo assessments by three independent reviewers, clinically and statistically significant median improvement of 2 in scarring, 2.3 in texture, and 2 in pigment were observed (one‐sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.001). Reviewers were highly consistent (inter‐reviewer reliability) in identification of before and after photos (kappa of 0.88).ConclusionsPreliminary data collected in this retrospective study suggest that sub‐millisecond 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment is a safe and effective treatment for atrophic scarring in patients with darker skin types, delivering clinically and statistically significant results with reduced risk of pigment complications and patient discomfort. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:130–136, 2011 © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.