bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial Measurement of Lactate Concentration in Horses with Acute Colitis
Authors: Hashimoto‐Hill S. , Magdesian K.G. , Kass P.H. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundSerial measurement of lactate concentration is utilized for therapeutic and prognostic purposes in human critical care. The prognostic value of serial lactate measurement in equine acute colitis warrants investigation.HypothesisSerial lactate concentrations are predictive of outcome in horses with colitis.AnimalsA total of 101 horses with colitis.MethodsRetrospective study. Plasma l‐lactate concentrations were measured at admission and at 4–8 and 24 hours after admission. Associations between admission, early (4–8 hours) and late (24 hours) lactate concentrations, and survival status were determined. The percent reduction in lactate concentration between admission and the early time point, and between admission and the late time point, was calculated. Using a cutoff value, associations between percent reduction in lactate and survival status and associations between percent reduction in lactate and clinical and clinicopathologic data were determined.ResultsThere was no association between admission plasma lactate concentration and survival status (P = .26). The 4–8 and 24 hour after admission lactate concentrations were associated with survival status (P = .023, .013, respectively). Lactate cutoffs of ≤2.3 and ≤1.5 mmol/L had the maximum sensitivity and specificity for predicting survival at the 4–8 and 24 hour time points, respectively. When lactate reduction ≥30% at 4–8 hours and ≥50% at 24 hours after admission were used as the cutoffs, the percent reduction of lactate concentration was significantly associated with survival (P = .012 and .019, respectively).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe prognostic ability of serial measurement of blood lactate concentration warrants prospective study as a measure of therapeutic response in horses with colitis.
Comparisons of 2‐ and 3‐Dimensional Echocardiographic Methods for Estimation of Left Atrial Size in Dogs with and without Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Tidholm A. , Bodegård‐Westling A. , Höglund K. , Ljungvall I. , Häggström J. 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundTwo‐dimensional (2D) and real‐time three‐dimensional (RT3D) echocardiography can be used to assess left atrial (LA) size, but their correlation in dogs remains unknown.HypothesisEstimations of LA size differ depending on the echocardiographic technique.AnimalsPrivately owned dogs; 70 with myxomatous mitral valve disease and 32 healthy control dogs.MethodsProspective observational study comparing RT3D volume at atrial end‐diastole (RT3DLAd) with 4 different 2D methods of estimating LA size: LA diameter and area in short‐axis (LAsax and LAarea) and LA diameter in long‐axis (LAlax), both as indexed variables and as predictors of LA volume indexed to body weight (BW) using allometric scaling and geometric assumption of sphericity. Furthermore, agreement between indexed 2D based methods was studied using concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsNone of the indexed 2D methods of estimating LA size showed good correlation with BW‐indexed RT3DLAd volumes. Estimates of LA volumes from 2D measurements using allometric scaling showed better correlation with RT3D volumes than corresponding calculated volume approximations. The best correlation was found between RT3DLAd and estimated LA volumes based on allometric scaling of LAlax (ρc = 0.89) followed by LAarea (ρc = 0.86) measurements. Comparing indexed 2D‐based measurements of LA size, best agreement was found between LAsax to aortic diameter and LAsax to expected LA diameter, based on allometric scaling.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAllometric scaling of 2D‐based measurements of LA showed good correlation with RT3DLAd, whereas corresponding indexed measurements or calculated volume approximations did not.
Community pharmacists' perceptions of barriers to communication with migrants
Authors: Cleland Jennifer A , Watson Margaret C , Walker Leighto , Denison Ala , Vanes Nei , Moffat Mand 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectivesEffective communication by pharmacists is essential to ensure patient safety in terms of provision and use of medications by patients. Global migration trends mean community pharmacists increasingly encounter patients with a variety of first languages. The aim of this study was to explore community pharmacists' perceptions of communication barriers during the provision of care to A8 (nationals from central/Eastern European states) migrants.MethodsA qualitative face-to-face interview study of purposively sampled community pharmacists, North East Scotland.Key findingsParticipants (n = 14) identified a number of barriers to providing optimal care to A8 migrants including: communication (information gathering and giving); confidentiality when using family/friends as translators; the impact of patient healthcare expectations on communication and the length of the consultation; and frustration with the process of the consultation.ConclusionsSeveral barriers were specific to A8 migrants but most seemed pertinent to any group with limited English proficiency and reflect those found in studies of healthcare professionals caring for more traditional UK migrant populations. Further research is needed using objective outcome measures, such as consultation recordings, to measure the impact of these perceived barriers on pharmacist-patient consultations. Language and cultural barriers impact on the quality of pharmacist-patient communication and thus may have patient safety and pharmacist training implications.
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Adenovirus Prototype 17
Authors: Dehghan Shoaleh , Seto Jason , Hudson Nolan R. , Robinson Christopher M. , Jones Morris S. , Dyer David W. , Chodosh James , Seto Donald 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
As one of the first five human adenoviruses (HAdVs) to be sequenced, type 17 was important as a reference tool for comparative genomics of recently isolated HAdV pathogens in species D. HAdV-D17 was the first species D adenovirus to be sequenced and was deposited in GenBank in 1999. These genome data were not of high quality, and a redetermination of the same stock virus provides corrected data; among the differences are a length of 35,139 bp versus 35,100 bp in the original, and 160 mismatches to the original genome were found. Annotation of the coding sequences reveals 39 as opposed to 8, a finding which is important for phylogenomic studies.
Characterization of the Cellular and Antitumor Effects of MPI-0479605, a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the Mitotic Kinase Mps1
Authors: Tardif Keith D. , Rogers Aaron , Cassiano Jared , Roth Bruce L. , Cimbora Daniel M. , McKinnon Rena , Peterson Ashley , Douce Thomas B. , Robinson Rosann , Dorweiler Irene , Davis Thaylon , Hess Mark A. , Ostanin Kirill , Papac Damon I. , Baichwal Vijay , McAlexander Ian , Willardsen J. Adam , Saunders Michael , Christophe Hoarau , Kumar D. Vijay , Wettstein Daniel A. , Carlson Robert O. , Williams Brandi L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Mps1 is a dual specificity protein kinase that is essential for the bipolar attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and for maintaining the spindle assembly checkpoint until all chromosomes are properly attached. Mps1 is expressed at high levels during mitosis and is abundantly expressed in cancer cells. Disruption of Mps1 function induces aneuploidy and cell death. We report the identification of MPI-0479605, a potent and selective ATP competitive inhibitor of Mps1. Cells treated with MPI-0479605 undergo aberrant mitosis, resulting in aneuploidy and formation of micronuclei. In cells with wild-type p53, this promotes the induction of a postmitotic checkpoint characterized by the ATM- and RAD3-related-dependent activation of the p53–p21 pathway. In both wild-type and p53 mutant cells lines, there is a growth arrest and inhibition of DNA synthesis. Subsequently, cells undergo mitotic catastrophe and/or an apoptotic response. In xenograft models, MPI-0479605 inhibits tumor growth, suggesting that drugs targeting Mps1 may have utility as novel cancer therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(12); 2267–75. ©2011 AACR.
Integrin α6high Cell Population Functions as an Initiator in Tumorigenesis and Relapse of Human Liposarcoma
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Lingxian , Gu Yanhong , Shu Yongqian , Shen Yan , Xu Qiang 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The relapse and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy are main problems in the treatment of human liposarcoma. It is important to find a functional marker existing in the liposarcoma cells for targeting. In this article, we established a new sub-cell line SW872-S cells with high tumorigenicity from human liposarcoma SW872 cells by repeated inoculation approach. The characteristic of the sub-cell line is linked to the high levels of integrin α6 on the surface. The integrin α6high cells show much higher tumor initiation and self-renewal potential in vivo than integrin α6low cells do. Targeting integrin α6 with its specific short interfering RNA and antibody significantly inhibits the cell adhesion to laminin and the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Interestingly, integrin α6 marks almost all of the surgical biopsy specimens of patients with liposarcoma relapse. Moreover, integrin α6 is found to coexpress with CD13, which might contribute to the antiapoptosis ability of integrin α6high cells. Consistently, integrin α6high cells are more sensitive to the CD13 inhibitor bestatin, and 61% of 23 other human tumor cell lines also contain integrin α6high CD13high subgroup. These results provide evidence, for the first time, to our knowledge, that integrin α6 and CD13 can serve as functional markers of the tumor-initiation subcell population in human liposarcoma as well as other cancers for therapeutic targeting. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(12); 2276–86. ©2011 AACR.
Death Receptor Pathway Activation and Increase of ROS Production by the Triple Epigenetic Inhibitor UVI5008
Authors: Nebbioso Angela , Pereira Raquel , Khanwalkar Harshal , Matarese Filomena , García-Rodríguez José , Miceli Marco , Logie Colin , Kedinger Valerie , Ferrara Felicetto , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , de Lera Angel R. , Gronemeyer Hinrich , Altucci Lucia 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Deregulation of the epigenome is recognized as cause of cancer and epigenetic factors are receiving major attention as therapeutic targets; yet, the molecular mode of action of existing epi-drugs is largely elusive. Here, we report on the decryption of the mechanism of action of UVI5008, a novel epigenetic modifier, that inhibits histone deacetylases, sirtuins, and DNA methyltransferases. UVI5008 highly efficiently induces cancer cell–selective death in a variety of models and exerts its activities in several human tumor xenografts and genetic mouse models of human breast cancer in vivo. Its anticancer activity involves independent activation of death receptors and reactive oxygen species production. Importantly, UVI5008 action is not critically dependent on p53, Bcl-2 modifying factor, and/or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand as cell death is efficiently induced in cells mutated or deficient for these factors limiting the risk of drug resistance development and maximizing its application spectrum. The simultaneous modulation of multiple (epigenetic) targets promises to open new avenues with unanticipated potential against cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(12); 2394–404. ©2011 AACR.
Macrophage Polarization by Angiotensin II-Type 1 Receptor Aggravates Renal Injury-Acceleration of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yamamoto Suguru , Yancey Patricia G. , Zuo Yiqin , Ma Li-Jun , Kaseda Ryohei , Fogo Agnes B. , Ichikawa Iekuni , Linton MacRae F. , Fazio Sergio , Kon Valentina 
Published: October 2011

Objective—
Angiotensin II is a major determinant of atherosclerosis. Although macrophages are the most abundant cells in atherosclerotic plaques and express angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), the pathophysiologic role of macrophage AT1 in atherogenesis remains uncertain. We examined the contribution of macrophage AT1 to accelerated atherosclerosis in an angiotensin II-responsive setting induced by uninephrectomy (UNx).

Methods and Results—

AT1
−/−
or AT1
+/+
marrow from apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE
−/−
) mice was transplanted into recipient apoE
−/−
mice with subsequent UNx or sham operation: apoE
−/−
/AT1
+/+
→apoE
−/−
+sham; apoE
−/−
/AT1
+/+
→apoE
−/−
+UNx; apoE
−/−
/AT1
−/−
→apoE
−/−
+sham; apoE
−/−
/AT1
−/−
→apoE
−/−
+UNx. No differences in body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, and serum creatinine were observed between the 2 UNx groups. ApoE
−/−
/AT1
+/+
→apoE
−/−
+UNx had significantly more atherosclerosis (16907±21473 versus 116071±8180 μm
2
,
P
<0.05). By contrast, loss of macrophage AT1 which reduced local AT1 expression, prevented any effect of UNx on atherosclerosis (77174±9947 versus 75714±11333 μm
2
,
P
=NS). Although UNx did not affect total macrophage content in the atheroma, lesions in apoE
−/−
/AT1
−/−
→apoE
−/−
+UNx had fewer classically activated macrophage phenotype (M1) and more alternatively activated phenotype (M2). Further, UNx did not affect plaque necrosis or apoptosis in apoE
−/−
/AT1
−/−
→apoE
−/−
whereas it significantly increased both (by 2- and 6-fold, respectively) in apoE
−/−
/AT1
+/+
→apoE
−/−
mice. Instead, apoE
−/−
/AT1
−/−
→apoE
−/−
had 5-fold–increase in macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies, indicating enhanced efferocytosis. In vitro studies confirmed blunted susceptibility to apoptosis, especially in M2 macrophages, and a more efficient phagocytic function of AT1
−/−
macrophages versus AT1
+/+
.

Conclusion—
AT1 receptor of bone marrow-derived macrophages worsens the extent and complexity of renal injury-induced atherosclerosis by shifting the macrophage phenotype to more M1 and less M2 through mechanisms that include increased apoptosis and impaired efferocytosis.
Contrast Extravasation on Computed Tomography Angiography Predicts Clinical Outcome in Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yilong , Wang Wenjuan , Ma Li , Xue Jing , Weissenborn Karin , Dengler Reinhard , Worthmann Hans , Wang David Z. , Gao Peiyi , Liu Liping , Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
Several retrospective studies suggested that contrast extravasation on CT angiography predicts hematoma expansion, poor outcome, and mortality in primary intracerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to determine the predictive value of contrast extravasation on multidetector CT angiography for clinical outcome in a prospective study.

Methods—
In 160 consecutive patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage admitted within 6 hours of symptom onset, noncontrast CT and multidetector CT angiography were performed on admission. A follow-up noncontrast CT was done at 24 hours. Multidetector CT angiography images were analyzed to identify the presence of contrast extravasation. Clinical outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale on discharge and at 90 days.

Results—

A total of 139 patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage were included in the final analysis. Contrast extravasation occurred in 30 (21.6%) patients. The presence of contrast extravasation was associated with increased hematoma expansion (
P
<0.0001), in-hospital mortality (
P
=0.008), prolonged hospital stay (
P
=0.006), poor outcome on discharge (
P
=0.025), increased 3-month mortality (
P
=0.009), and poor clinical outcome (
P
<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, contrast extravasation was a promising independent predictor (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 3.2–34.7;
P
<0.0001) for 90-day poor clinical outcome followed by the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.7;
P
=0.003) and initial hematoma volume (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 1.0–1.1;
P
=0.013).

Conclusions—
The presence of contrast extravasation on multidetector CT angiography in patients with hyperacute-stage intracerebral hemorrhage is an independent and strong factor associated with poor outcome. Any patient with intracerebral hemorrhage with such sign on multidetector CT angiography should be monitored intensely and treated accordingly.
Risk Profile of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Sato Koji , Yoshimoto Yuhei 
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
Management of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms remains controversial, and recent prospective follow-up studies showed that the rupture rate of small aneurysms is very low. These results are inconsistent with the finding that the majority of ruptured aneurysms in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage are small.

Methods—
A Markov model was constructed to simulate the natural history of intracranial aneurysms. All epidemiological and statistical data obtained from the Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (e-Stat) were adjusted to the standardized age distribution. From the selected data of aneurysm formation, the prevalence of unruptured aneurysms was estimated as 1.45% and the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage calculated to be 19.7/100 000/year in the whole standardized population.

Results—
The function for rupture rate constant with time was first analyzed. Selected values for annual rupture rates of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% showed inconsistencies in the relationship between the prevalence of unruptured aneurysm and the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Next, the function for a short period of high risk followed by a long period of low risk was considered. Annual rupture rates of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% indicated epidemiological compatibility with additional early rupture rates of 20%, 15%, and 10%, respectively.

Conclusions—
This study suggests that some aneurysms bleed shortly after formation and thus are rarely detected as unruptured aneurysms. Most aneurysms without early rupture remain stable for the remainder of life through some healing process, and prophylactic treatment for incidentally identified small unruptured aneurysms has no rationale.
Thrombolytic Therapy Rates and Stroke Severity
Authors: Stecksén Anna , Asplund Kjell , Appelros Peter , Glader Eva-Lotta , Norrving Bo , Eriksson Marie ,   for the Riks-Stroke Collaboration
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
We tested the hypothesis that higher proportions of patients with minor stroke being treated with thrombolysis contribute to increasing overall rates of thrombolysis.

Methods—
We included 1743 ischemic stroke patients (age 18–80 years) treated with thrombolysis, recorded in the Swedish stroke register Riks-Stroke between 2007 and 2010. Minor stroke was defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5.

Results—

The proportion with minor stroke among patients treated with thrombolysis increased from 22.1% in 2007 to 28.7% in 2010 (
P
=0.021). The rate of increase did not differ significantly between men and women, age groups, or hospital types (university hospitals, other large hospitals, or community hospitals). Hospitals with high proportions of thrombolysis patients with minor stroke were more likely to have high thrombolysis frequencies (
R
=0.55;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
In recent years, an increase in the proportion of patients with minor stroke treated with thrombolysis has contributed to rising overall thrombolysis rates in Sweden. At the hospital level, high rates of thrombolysis are associated with a high proportion of minor stroke being treated.
Temporal Profile of Amygdala Gamma Oscillations in Response to Faces
Authors: Sato Wataru , Kochiyama Takanori , Uono Shota , Matsuda Kazumi , Usui Keiko , Inoue Yushi , Toichi Motomi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have reported greater activation of the human amygdala in response to faces than to nonfacial stimuli, yet little is known about the temporal profile of this activation. We investigated this issue by recording the intracranial field potentials of the amygdala in participants undergoing preneurosurgical assessment (n = 6). Participants observed faces, mosaics, and houses in upright and inverted orientations using a dummy target detection task. Time–frequency statistical parametric mapping analyses revealed that the amygdala showed greater gamma-band activity in response to faces than to mosaics at 200–300 msec, with a peak at 255 msec. Gamma-band activation with a similar temporal profile was also found in response to faces versus houses. Activation patterns did not differ between upright and inverted presentations of stimuli. These results suggest that the human amygdala is involved in the early stages of face processing, including the modulation of subjective perception of faces.
The Influence of Language Proficiency on Lexical Semantic Processing in Native and Late Learners of English
Authors: Newman Aaron J. , Tremblay Antoine , Nichols Emily S. , Neville Helen J. , Ullman Michael T. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We investigated the influence of English proficiency on ERPs elicited by lexical semantic violations in English sentences, in both native English speakers and native Spanish speakers who learned English in adulthood. All participants were administered a standardized test of English proficiency, and data were analyzed using linear mixed effects (LME) modeling. Relative to native learners, late learners showed reduced amplitude and delayed onset of the N400 component associated with reading semantic violations. As well, after the N400 late learners showed reduced anterior negative scalp potentials and increased posterior potentials. In both native and late learners, N400 amplitudes to semantically appropriate words were larger for people with lower English proficiency. N400 amplitudes to semantic violations, however, were not influenced by proficiency. Although both N400 onset latency and the late ERP effects differed between L1 and L2 learners, neither correlated with proficiency. Different approaches to dealing with the high degree of correlation between proficiency and native/late learner group status are discussed in the context of LME modeling. The results thus indicate that proficiency can modulate ERP effects in both L1 and L2 learners, and for some measures (in this case, N400 amplitude), L1–L2 differences may be entirely accounted for by proficiency. On the other hand, not all effects of L2 learning can be attributed to proficiency. Rather, the differences in N400 onset and the post-N400 violation effects appear to reflect fundamental differences in L1–L2 processing.
Brain Oscillations during Spoken Sentence Processing
Authors: Peña Marcela , Melloni Lucia 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSpoken sentence comprehension relies on rapid and effortless temporal integration of speech units displayed at different rates. Temporal integration refers to how chunks of information perceived at different time scales are linked together by the listener in mapping speech sounds onto meaning. The neural implementation of this integration remains unclear. This study explores the role of short and long windows of integration in accessing meaning from long samples of speech. In a cross-linguistic study, we explore the time course of oscillatory brain activity between 1 and 100 Hz, recorded using EEG, during the processing of native and foreign languages. We compare oscillatory responses in a group of Italian and Spanish native speakers while they attentively listen to Italian, Japanese, and Spanish utterances, played either forward or backward. The results show that both groups of participants display a significant increase in gamma band power (55–75 Hz) only when they listen to their native language played forward. The increase in gamma power starts around 1000 msec after the onset of the utterance and decreases by its end, resembling the time course of access to meaning during speech perception. In contrast, changes in low-frequency power show similar patterns for both native and foreign languages. We propose that gamma band power reflects a temporal binding phenomenon concerning the coordination of neural assemblies involved in accessing meaning of long samples of speech.