bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, mortality, survival, and treatment statistics of cancers in digestive organs—Japanese cancer statistics 2024
Authors: Higashi Takahiro , Kurokawa Yukinori 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccess to accurate statistical data is paramount in the pursuit of effective cancer control activities, including research, policy development, and clinical care. This paper presents a comprehensive statistical report on the incidence, mortality, survival, and treatment of major digestive organ cancers, including those of the esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, liver, extrahepatic biliary tract, and pancreas, in Japan. We compiled data from the National Cancer Center's “Cancer Information Services” and government “e‐Stat” websites and offered a succinct overview of basic statistics by using tables and graphical presentations. Our findings underscore the critical role of the National Cancer Registry introduced by the Cancer Registry Act of 2016, which mandates hospitals across Japan to report cancer cases. This system ensures more accurate incidence statistics. Mortality data sourced from the National Vital Statistics System and survival rates derived from hospital‐based cancer registries offer insights into the outcomes and efficacy of treatment modalities. These data indicate a downward trend in mortality for stomach and liver cancers and stable or declining rates for other cancers except pancreatic cancer, which has the lowest survival rate. Treatment patterns indicate an increase in endoscopic procedures for esophageal and stomach cancers, with stable treatment approaches for colorectal cancer. This statistical overview aims to improve the understanding and inform research, policy, and clinical decisions in the field of digestive organ cancers.
Delayed diagnosis in a child with strangulated mesenteric hernia
Authors: Tetsuhara Kenichi , Nakabayashi Kazunobu , Muraoka Mamoru , Kikuno Rie , Ueda Michiko , Inoue Ryo , Hayashida Makoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundStrangulated intestinal obstruction is a life‐threatening condition that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with shock. However, it has pitfalls in diagnosis and can lead to diagnostic errors.Case PresentationA 3‐month‐old male patient presented with a pale complexion lasting 2 h and abnormal crying. He was in shock with lactic acidosis, altered mental status, and slight abdominal distension. He required volume resuscitation, vasoactive agents, and transfusion. On Day 2, he had marked abdominal distension and acute kidney injury, which required continuous kidney replacement therapy. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed extensive intestinal ischemia. It took 33.5 h from his arrival to the computed tomography, leading to operative management. The small intestine had entered a mesenteric hiatus, leading to ischemia. He was diagnosed with strangulated mesenteric hernia.ConclusionIn this case, four pitfalls led to delayed diagnosis. Factors for diagnostic errors specific to strangulated intestinal obstruction and intensive care should be noted.
The Use of Photocycloaddition Reactions to Drive Mechanical Motions Resembling Humanoid Movements
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Qiaoqiao , Liu Qi , Abrahams Brendan F. , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the aim of producing a photomechanical material for incorporation in soft microrobots, a one‐dimensional diene coordination polymer (CP) [Cd(F‐bpeb)(3‐CBA)2]n (CP1, F‐bpeb=4,4′‐((1E,1′E)‐(2,5‐difluoro‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(ethene‐2,1‐diyl))dipyridine, 3‐HCBA=3‐chlorobenzoic acid) was synthesized and characterized. Irradiation of CP1 with ultraviolet (UV) or visible light causes [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions resulting in the introduction of crystal strain which triggers various types of crystal movements. Composite films of CP1‐PVA (SC) fabricated by dispersing CP1 crystals into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution allow amplification of the crystal movement so that the film strips exhibit fast and flexible curling upon photoirradiation. The composite films may be cut into long rectangular strips and folded to simulate soft microrobots which exhibit a variety of fast, flexible and continuous photomechanical movements resembling a human performing various gymnastic exercises.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 6/2024
Authors: Scalco Michele , Gerasimov Roman , Bedin Luigi R. , Vesperini Enrico , Nardiello Domenico , Salaris Maurizio , Burgasser Adam , Anderson Jay , Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea , Rosati Piero 
Published: June 2024

Color‐magnitude diagram of the lower mass end of the Main Sequence of globular cluster NGC 6752, as derived from NIR images of a deep field observed under a HST Large Programme led by L.R.Bedin. Three main stellar populations can be reliably distinguished within this cluster. The three isochrones (blue, green, and red lines) were computed with different chemical compositions, adjusted to match the observed colors of the different generations of stars at an age of 12.63 Gy. In the lower left part of the plot, the corresponding isochrone for the White Dwarfs (at an age of 12.5 Gy) is shown in purple, together with the three WD candidates shown as orange crosses. For each isochrone, specific mass values are marked by labeled filled dots. A detailed analysis of the HST data and a discussion of possible scenarios for the formation of multiple stellar populations within NGC 6752 is presented in the article by Scalco et al., this issue e240018.
image
Partial privatisation and green innovation in China: The role of industrial context and regional development
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Ishaque Maria , Gull Ammar Ali , Tawiah Vincent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between partial privatisation (i.e., state ownership reduction) and green innovation in China. Employing a large dataset of 36,072 firm‐year observations between 2005 and 2022, we document a positively significant association between partial privatisation and green innovation, suggesting that privatisation promotes green innovation in Chinese firms. Further analyses shows that the relationship is stronger for firms in environmentally sensitive industries and those located in more developed regions. Our main finding is robust to the alternative measurement of variables and endogeneity concerns using the propensity score matching (PSM), firm‐fixed effects and the system generalised method of moments (GMM) approach. Finally, we document that green innovation in privatised firms yields superior performance. Our findings highlight the significant contribution of privatisation in the quest for low‐carbon emissions in China by promoting green innovation.
Positive, negative or graded sustainability labelling? Which is most effective at promoting a shift towards more sustainable product choices?
Authors: Thøgersen John , Dessart François J. , Marandola Ginevra , Hille Stefanie Lena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSustainability labels convey information about different product attributes, such as its environmental impact, lifespan or ethical performance. The labelling can be either positive (only identifying the most sustainable products available on the market), negative (only identifying the least sustainable products available on the market) or graded (comparing the sustainable performance of a product with that of all other products on the market). We assess the relative performance of these three labelling approaches in terms of influencing product choices. A nationally representative sample of 1243 consumers from Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic participated in an incentive‐compatible online discrete choice experiment with random allocation to different labelling approaches. Compared with positive and negative labels, graded labels were most effective in guiding consumers towards more sustainable product choices. These findings support policy interventions that convey product sustainability with graded labels.
The development of an automated microscope image tracking and analysis system
Authors: McAfee Lillian , Heath Zach , Anderson William , Hozi Marvin , Orr John Walker , Kang Youngbok (Abraham) 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicroscopy image analysis plays a crucial role in understanding cellular behavior and uncovering important insights in various biological and medical research domains. Tracking cells within the time‐lapse microscopy images is a fundamental technique that enables the study of cell dynamics, interactions, and migration. While manual cell tracking is possible, it is time‐consuming and prone to subjective biases that impact results. In order to solve this issue, we sought to create an automated software solution, named cell analyzer, which is able to track cells within microscopy images with minimal input required from the user. The program of cell analyzer was written in Python utilizing the open source computer vision (OpenCV) library and featured a graphical user interface that makes it easy for users to access. The functions of all codes were verified through closeness, area, centroid, contrast, variance, and cell tracking test. Cell analyzer primarily utilizes image preprocessing and edge detection techniques to isolate cell boundaries for detection and analysis. It uniquely recorded the area, displacement, speed, size, and direction of detected cell objects and visualized the data collected automatically for fast analysis. Our cell analyzer provides an easy‐to‐use tool through a graphical user interface for tracking cell motion and analyzing quantitative cell images.
Evaluation of TrpM and PsiD substrate promiscuity reveals new biocatalytic capabilities
Authors: Kanis Fiona C. , Broude Caroline N. , Hellwarth Elle B. , Gibbons William J. , Sen Abhishek K. , Adams Alexandra M. , Wang Xin , Jones J. Andrew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractN‐methylated tryptamines, such as the hallucinogenic natural products, psilocybin and N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are gaining interest from the medical community due to their potential as next generation treatments for mental health disorders. The clinical relevance of these compounds has driven scientists to develop biosynthetic production routes to a number of tryptamine drug candidates, and efforts are ongoing to expand and further develop these biosynthetic capabilities. To that end, we have further characterized the substrate preferences of two enzymes involved in tryptamine biosynthesis: TrpM, a tryptophan N‐methyltransferase from Psilocybe serbica, and PsiD, the gateway decarboxylase of the psilocybin biosynthesis pathway. Here, we show that TrpM can N‐methylate the non‐native amino acid substrate, 4‐hydroxytryptophan, a key intermediate in the Escherichia coli‐based recombinant psilocybin biosynthesis pathway. However, the ability to incorporate TrpM into a functional psilocybin biosynthesis pathway was thwarted by PsiD's inability to use N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxytryptophan as substrate, under the culturing conditions tested, despite demonstrating activity on N‐methylated and 4‐hydroxylated tryptophan derivatives individually. Taken together, this work expands upon the known substrates for TrpM and PsiD, further increasing the diversity of tryptamine biosynthetic products.
Prognostic impact of elective tracheotomy in resected oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Fang Ku‐Hao , Kang Chung‐Jan , Lee Li‐Yu , Ng Shu‐Hang , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Lin Jin‐Ching , Tsai Yao‐Te , Lee Shu‐Ru , Chien Chih‐Yen , Hua Chun‐Hung , Wang Cheng Ping , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Terng Shyuang‐Der , Tsai Chi‐Ying , Wang Hung‐Ming , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Fan Kang‐Hsing , Yeh Chih‐Hua , Lin Chih‐Hung , Tsao Chung‐Kan , Cheng Nai‐Ming , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Lee Li‐Ang , Wang Yu‐Chien , Lin Wan‐Ni , Hsin Li‐Jen , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Wen Yu‐Wen , Liao Chun‐Ta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundElective tracheotomy is commonly performed in resected oral squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) to maintain airway patency. However, the indications for this procedure vary among surgeons. This nationwide study evaluated the impact of tracheotomy on both the duration of in‐hospital stay and long‐term survival outcomes in patients with OCSCC.MethodsA total of 18,416 patients with OCSCC were included in the analysis, comprising 7981 patients who underwent elective tracheotomy and 10,435 who did not. The primary outcomes assessed were 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). To minimize potential confounding factors, a propensity score (PS)‐matched analysis was performed on 4301 patients from each group. The duration of hospital stay was not included as a variable in the PS‐matched analysis.ResultsPrior to PS matching, patients with tracheotomy had significantly lower 5‐year DSS and OS rates compared to those without (71% vs. 82%, p < 0.0001; 62% vs. 75%, p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariable analysis identified tracheotomy as an independent adverse prognostic factor for 5‐year DSS (hazard ratio = 1.10 [1.03–1.18], p = 0.0063) and OS (hazard ratio = 1.10 [1.04–1.17], p = 0.0015). In the PS‐matched cohort, the 5‐year DSS was 75% for patients with tracheotomy and 76% for those without (p = 0.1488). Five‐year OS rates were 66% and 67%, respectively (p = 0.0808). Prior to PS matching, patients with tracheotomy had a significantly longer mean hospital stay compared to those without (23.37 ± 10.56 days vs. 14.19 ± 8.34 days; p < 0.0001). Following PS matching, the difference in hospital stay duration between the two groups remained significant (22.34 ± 10.25 days vs. 17.59 ± 9.54 days; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsWhile elective tracheotomy in resected OCSCC patients may not significantly affect survival, it could be associated with prolonged hospital stays.
Who will stay and who will go? Identifying risk factors for psychotherapy dropout
Authors: McGovern Christopher , Athey Alison , Beale Eleanor E. , Overholser James C. , Gomez Stephanie H. , Silva Christiana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveDropout from psychotherapy remains an issue across various treatment modalities and psychological disorders, with roughly 20% of clients failing to complete treatment. Dropping out of psychotherapy is associated with worse psychological and physical health outcomes. This study aimed to use a clinically generalisable definition of dropout to identify risk factors for dropping out of psychotherapy.MethodRetrospective chart review methods were used to collect data on 203 clients seen at a community‐based clinical psychology doctoral training clinic.ResultsIndependent samples t‐tests and chi‐squared tests for independence indicated that clients who dropped out of psychotherapy were more likely to be non‐students, live farther away from the treatment clinic and no‐show at least once in the first four sessions of therapy.DiscussionTo address dropout risk, it is important that clinicians be attuned to possible indicators of structural and motivational barriers to treatment engagement.
Structure–performance relationship of Au nanoclusters in electrocatalysis: Metal core and ligand structure
Authors: Li Bowen , Kang Lianmei , Lun Yongfeng , Yu Jinli , Song Shuqin , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRemarkable progress has characterized the field of electrocatalysis in recent decades, driven in part by an enhanced comprehension of catalyst structures and mechanisms at the nanoscale. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters, serving as exemplary models, significantly expand the range of accessible structures through diverse cores and ligands, creating an exceptional platform for the investigation of catalytic reactions. Notably, ligand‐protected Au nanoclusters (NCs) with precisely defined core numbers offer a distinct advantage in elucidating the correlation between their specific structures and the reaction mechanisms in electrocatalysis. The strategic modulation of the fine microstructures of Au NCs presents crucial opportunities for tailoring their electrocatalytic performance across various reactions. This review delves into the profound structural effects of Au NC cores and ligands in electrocatalysis, elucidating their underlying mechanisms. A detailed exploration of the fundamentals of Au NCs, considering core and ligand structures, follows. Subsequently, the interaction between the core and ligand structures of Au NCs and their impact on electrocatalytic performance in diverse reactions are examined. Concluding the discourse, challenges and personal prospects are presented to guide the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts and advance electrocatalytic reactions.
Enhancing the efficiency of two‐stage cyclones without increasing pressure drop by optimizing inlet and outlet dimensions
Authors: He Jiongjie , Zhu Zhenxing , Niu Hongbin , Tian Zhihong , Yang Jingxuan , Sun Guogang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfforts to enhance cyclone separators aim to minimize gas energy consumption while improving separation efficiency. This study attempts to achieve this goal for cyclones arranged in series using straightforward methods. Experimental and numerical simulation analyses were performed to study the effect of matching inlet and outlet diameters on the performance of a two‐stage tandem cyclone separator. The results show that the matching method, in which the inlet gas velocities of both stages are higher than the outlet gas velocity, has a better separation efficiency. The efficiency and pressure drop models of the two‐stage cyclones in series were constructed using the response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the optimal combination of inlet size and exhaust pipe diameter. Experimental tests showed that the accuracy of this model was reasonable. At different permitted pressure drops, the optimized structure revealed that: (1) The inlet area should be smaller than the outlet area for each cyclone stage. (2) The secondary inlet size (KA) should be as large as possible. (3) dr decreases while KA increases in each step.
Temporal Trends in the Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Zotarolimus Eluting Stents Versus Everolimus Eluting Stents: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Basit Jawad , Ahmed Mushood , Shafiq Aimen , Zaheer Zaofashan , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Ahmed Aleena , Hamza Mohammad , Naseer Usman , Ali Shafaqat , Gupta Neelesh , Sattar Yasar , Kawsara Akram , Daggubati Ramesh , Alraies M. Chadi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLong‐term follow‐up results of various trials comparing Zotarolimus eluting stents (ZES) with Everolimus eluting stents (EES) have been published recently. Additionally, over the last decade, there have been new trials comparing the ZES with various commercially available EES. We aim to conduct an updated meta‐analysis in light of new evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to provide comprehensive evidence regarding the temporal trends in the clinical outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase. RCTs comparing ZES with EES for short (<2 years), intermediate (2–3 years), and long‐term follow‐ups (3–5 years) were included. Relative risk was used to pool the dichotomous outcomes using the random effects model employing the inverse variance method. All statistical analysis was conducted using Revman 5.4.ResultsA total of 18 studies reporting data at different follow‐ups for nine trials (n = 14319) were included. At short‐term follow‐up (<2 years), there were no significant differences between the two types of stents (all‐cause death, cardiac death, Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), target vessel myocardial infarction, definite or probable stent thrombosis or safety outcomes (target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization, target vessel failure, target lesion failure). At intermediate follow‐up (2–3 years), EES was superior to ZES for reducing target lesion revascularization (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05–1.58, p < 0.05). At long‐term follow‐up (3–5 years), there were no significant differences between the two groups for any of the pooled outcomes (p > 0.05).ConclusionZES and EES have similar safety and efficacy at short, intermediate, and long‐term follow‐ups.
Synthesis and Characterization of DHODH Inhibitors Based on the Vidofludimus Scaffold with Pronounced Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Activity
Authors: Gege Christian , Hahn Friedrich , Wangen Christina , Häge Sigrun , Herrmann Alexandra , Uhlig Nadja , Eberlein Valentina , Issmail Leila , Klopfleisch Robert , Grunwald Thomas , Marschall Manfred , Kohlhof Hella , Vitt Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNew strategies for the rapid development of broad‐spectrum antiviral therapies are urgently required for emerging and re‐emerging viruses like the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Host‐directed antivirals that target universal cellular metabolic pathways necessary for viral replication present a promising approach with broad‐spectrum activity and low potential for development of viral resistance. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) was identified as one of those universal host factors essential for the replication of many clinically relevant human pathogenic viruses. DHODH is the rate‐limiting enzyme catalyzing the fourth step in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Therefore, it is also developed as a therapeutic target for many diseases relying on cellular pyrimidine resources, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases and viral or bacterial infection. Thus, several DHODH inhibitors, including vidofludimus calcium (VidoCa, IMU‐838), are currently in development or have been investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of virus infections such as SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). Here, we report the medicinal chemistry optimization of VidoCa that resulted in metabolically more stable derivatives with improved DHODH target inhibition in various mammalian species, which translated into improved efficacy against SARS‐CoV‐2.
γ‐Butyrolactone Derivatives of MSA‐2 are STING Prodrugs
Authors: Schleyer Kelton , Halabi Elias A. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSTING agonists are potent enhancers of a pro‐inflammatory response and, thus, potentially useful therapeutics. Unfortunately, many agonists developed to date require complex drug delivery formulations and often have poor water solubility, limiting their use for systemic administration. Here, we report the discovery and chemical characterization of lactones of MSA‐2 as new STING prodrugs with enhanced properties. We show that these prodrugs form efficient inclusion complexes with tumor myeloid cell targeting cyclodextrin nanoparticles and propose a new mechanism of formation and hydrolysis.
From Structure to Catalysis: Advances in Metal‐Organic Frameworks‐Based Shape‐Selective Reactions
Authors: Hooriabad Saboor Fahimeh , Shahsavari Shadab , Zandjou Mahshid , Asgari Mehrdad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe presence of shape‐ and size‐selective catalysts in various catalytic reactions is of paramount importance. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) possess a distinctive characteristic of lacking in‐accessible dead spaces, owing to their well‐structured nature. The effective separation of active sites within MOFs is facilitated by their exceptionally high surface area, which allows for a high density of active sites per unit volume of the catalyst. In this comprehensive review article, we delve into one of the most critical and practical features of MOFs: their ability to modify and engineer the structure of these materials. This structural engineering approach enables the attainment of desired physical, chemical, and surface properties, particularly in the realm of heterogeneous catalysts. The article encompasses several key areas, including surface functionalization within MOFs, synthesis of novel enzyme‐inspired MOFs, creation of mesoporous MOFs, development of porous structures utilizing MOFs, and engineering of structural limitations in MOFs. These rapidly advancing and highly applicable topics, especially in the field of heterogeneous catalysts, are thoroughly investigated and analyzed within the purview of this comprehensive review article.