bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved multi‐server authentication protocol
Authors: Huang Chun‐Hui , Chou Jue‐Sam , Chen Yalin , Wun Siang Yu 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIn a multi‐server environment, a user only needs to register at the registration center once instead of repeatedly registering in each server. After registration, the user can access the resources of any of the servers in the system. Many protocols have been proposed for the same. Recently, Geng–Zhang, Zhu et al., and Yoon–Yoo each proposed a multi‐server authentication scheme. They claimed that their schemes are secure and can withstand various attacks. However, after analyses, we found that their schemes are deficient. In this paper, we first demonstrate the deficiencies of these three protocols in turn and then show our improvement on Geng–Zhang's protocol. Our improvement makes use of both the user's and the server's secrecy to achieve mutual authentication. This results in a two‐pass multi‐server authentication scheme. We have analyzed its security with respect to several factors such as mutual authentication, perfect forward and backward secrecy, and prevention of smart‐card‐lost attack. Moreover, almost all of the parameters required for a user to log on to a server can be pre‐computed. This is very important for a low‐energy mobile computing device. That is, our improvement is not only one of the most efficient and secure schemes in this area but also suitable for mobile device. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A beneficial analysis of deployment knowledge for key distribution in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , Jo Minho , Nguyen Tien‐Dung , Huh Eui‐Nam 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBecause of the resource constraints on sensor networks, many recent key management schemes exploit the location of nodes in order to establish pairwise keys. Despite these efforts, location discovery for sensor networks is very difficult because existing schemes have failed to consider changes in the signal range and the deployment error. As a result, network performance may accidentally decrease, whereas costs increase. In this paper, we used the theory of the signal range and deployment error knowledge to analyze sensor nodes location information. Combining with the probabilistic pre‐distribution method, we proposed a scheme that provides high connectivity and secure communication with better communication overhead by defining an efficient number of adjacent cells and determining the adequate length of the cell. With such optimistic results, novel deployment knowledge is also expected to provide superior performance with different types of key distribution schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of a Series of New Coordination Polymers Built from 2‐Ethyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Li Shijie , Song Wendong , Miao Dongliang , Hu Shiwei , Ji Lili , Ma Deyun 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of new coordination polymers, namely, [Sr(H2EIDC)2(H2O)2]n(1),{[Pb(H2EIDC)2(H2O)](H2O)3}n(2), [Ag(H2EIDC)]n(3), and [Ba(H2EIDC)2(H2O)]n(4) (H2EIDC = 2‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex1is a 2D infinite gridlike (4,4)topological layer structure. Complex2is a 2D corrugated layer constructed by PbIIatoms and H2EIDC–anions. Complex3is a 2D corrugated sheet consisting of 1D chains linked by short Ag···Ag interactions, and the three complexes are extended into 3D supramolecular structures by weak intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. Complex4exhibits a 3D framework with 1D channels. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of complexes1,2, and3are also investigated.
Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Bis[trans‐dichlorobis(2,2‐dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diamine)chromium(III)] Tetrachlorozincate
Authors: Choi Jong‐Ha , Joshi Tanmaya , Spiccia Leone 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe structure of trans‐[Cr(Me2tn)2Cl2]2ZnCl4 (Me2tn = 2,2‐dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diamine) was determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study at 173 K. The analysis reveals that there are three crystallographically independent chromium(III) complex cations in the title compound. The chromium(III) atoms are coordinated by four nitrogen atoms of Me2tn and two chlorine atoms in a trans arrangement, displaying a distorted octahedral geometry. The two six‐membered chelate rings in three complex cations are oriented in an anti chair–chair conformation with respect to each other. The Cr–N and Cr–Cl bond lengths average 2.0862(2) and 2.3112(6) Å, respectively. The ZnCl42– have slightly distorted tetrahedral arrangement with Zn–Cl lengths and the Cl–Zn–Cl angles are influenced by hydrogen bonding. The resolved absorption maxima in the electronic d–d spectrum were fitted with a secular determinant for a quartet energy state of the d3 configuration in a tetragonal field. It is confirmed that the nitrogen atoms of the Me2tn ligand are strong σ donors, but the chloro ligands have weak σ‐ and π donor properties toward the chromium(III) ion.
A Zigzag‐Shaped Yb4 Cluster Bridged by Pyridine‐2,6‐dimethanol
Authors: Yang Pei‐Pei 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA homometallic lanthanide tetranuclear cluster, namely [Yb4(pdmH)2(pdm)4 (PhCO2)2(PhCO2H)2(H2O)2]·PhCO2H·0.25MeOH (1) (pdmH2 = pyridine‐2,6‐dimethanol) was prepared and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that complex 1 has a tetranuclear core with a zigzag arrangement. Magnetic properties of complex 1 were also investigated.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the 3D Porous Framework [Zn(INAIP)]·DMA·H2O
Authors: Chen Man‐Sheng , Tan Xiong‐Wen , Zhang Chun‐Hua , Kuang Dai‐Zhi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new three‐dimensional (3D) porous framework [Zn(INAIP)]·DMA·H2O (1) [INAIP = 5‐(isonicotinamido)isophthalate, DMA = N,N′‐dimethylacetamide] was synthesized by solvothermal methods and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The results of X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that complex 1 has an unusual 3D architecture with the (3,6)‐connected rutile (rtl) topology. The adsorption behavior shows that compound 1 exhibits selective adsorptions of CO2 over N2 after the removal of the solvent molecules within the pores.
Hydrazinium Nitriminotetrazolates
Authors: Fischer Niko , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHydrazinium 5‐nitrimino‐1H‐tetrazolate (1) and dihydrazinium nitriminotetrazolate monohydrate (2) were synthesized by the reaction of hydrazine with 5‐nitriminotetrazole. The energetic compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (only 2), NMR spectroscopy, IR‐ and Raman spectroscopy as well as DSC measurements. The sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrical discharge were determined. In addition, several detonation parameters (e.g. heat of explosion, detonation velocity) were computed by the EXPLO5 computer code based on calculated (CBS‐4M) heats of formation and X‐ray densities.
Diffraction of antiplane shear waves by a finite crack in a piezoelectric material
Authors: Singh B.M. , Rokne J. , Dhaliwal R.S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe problem of diffraction of antiplane shear waves by a crack of finite length under the permeable electric boundary conditions is investigated analytically. Using Fourier transforms the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to two pairs of dual integral equations. These dual integral equations are further reduced to a pair of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The iterative solutions of the Fredholm integral equations have been obtained for small values of the wave number. And analytical expressions for the dynamic stress intensity factor and electric displacement intensity factor are obtained. Finally the numerical results for dynamic stress intensity factor are displayed graphically.
The Quality of Life After Bar Removal in Patients After the Nuss Procedure for Pectus Excavatum
Authors: Kim Hyun Koo , Shim Jae Hoon , Choi Kyu Sun , Choi Young Ho 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients who had the Nuss procedure for repair of pectus excavatum.MethodsThirty‐nine patients (26 male, 13 female) of 61 (63.9%) who had bar removal after the Nuss procedure agreed to participate in an interview. All patients and their parents were asked to complete a questionnaire.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 6.8 ± 3.23 years at the time of the Nuss procedure, 9.1 ± 3.54 at bar removal, and 12.0 ± 3.28 when the questionnaire was completed. The scores for satisfaction with the procedure, sense of social belonging, and well‐being increased after the Nuss procedure according to the responses of the patients and their parents. However, the scores did not significantly differ after bar removal compared to after the Nuss procedure. Patients (4.1 ± 1.08) and parents (4.1 ± 1.02) reported that they were satisfied with the final result and their responses did not significantly differ (P = 0.498). However, the surgical team’s score for overall satisfaction was 4.5, which was higher than the patients’ and/or parents’ scores (P = 0.019).ConclusionThe Nuss procedure had a positive impact on the patients’ and parents’ quality of life. However, the scores before and after bar removal did not differ.
Dynamics of mineral nutrient storage for mast reproduction in the tropical emergent tree Dryobalanops aromatica
Authors: Ichie Tomoaki , Nakagawa Michiko 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLimitations in resources are considered to be important in mass‐fruiting trees, based on the speculation that they need to consume a large amount of stored resources in a very short period. To test this hypothesis, we studied the total reproductive costs per individual of the tree Dryobalanops aromatica (Dipterocarpaceae), and the dynamics of stored mineral nutrients, specifically nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; we then estimated the contribution of each of the stored resources to reproduction in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. D. aromatica is an emergent and masting tree species, and it produced a large amount of mature fruit in a masting period running 2001–2002. The dynamics patterns were markedly different for each of the stored nutrients. The phosphorus concentration clearly decreased in the branch, stem and root during reproduction, but nitrogen fluctuated by only a small amount in any organ during this period. The potassium concentration fell in all organs during flowering, but even increased during fruit development. Stored phosphorus accounted for 67.7% of the total phosphorus requirements for reproduction, but nitrogen accounted for only 19.7%. Stored potassium did not appear to contribute anything, at least to fruit production. Our results suggest that D. aromatica supplies phosphorus needed for reproduction mainly from stored resources in the tree, unlike nitrogen or potassium. The accumulation of phosphorus could be the decisive factor in the occurrence and frequency of mast reproduction in the relatively poor soil conditions prevailing in the tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia.
Single Soybean Seed NMR Calibration for Oil Measurement Using Commercial Cooking Oils
Authors: Samii‐Saket Golsa , Boersma Jeffrey G. , Ablett Gary R. , Falk Duane E. , Fletcher Ron , Rajcan Istvan 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDevelopment of high oil soybeans would reduce the cost of soybean oil production for biodiesel or edible oil applications. An accurate determination of soybean seed oil concentration is essential especially when developing superior cultivars with increased seed oil content. The objective of this study was to develop an oil measurement method for single seeds using NMR spectrometry. An NMR spectrometer was calibrated using commercial cooking oil. Fifteen cultivars of known mean oil content were used to evaluate the calibration curves. The calibration curves developed had a correlation coefficient of 0.99. It was found that soybean and corn oil gave identical results over the calibrated interval.
How the Internet transformed the software industry
Authors: Wasserman Anthony I. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The growth of the Internet has had a huge impact on the software industry, from the ease of creating new businesses to the processes that companies use to develop, distribute, and support their products. Software architectures and platforms for web applications differ significantly from traditional desktop and client-server applications, and require a new generation of programming languages and development tools. Developers make extensive use of open source software, particularly at the infrastructure level of their applications. Development teams can easily use Internet-based tools for collaboration, thus facilitating distributed organizations. Product marketing now emphasizes attracting prospective customers to the company’s website. Companies can release products over the Internet, or provide a hosted web application, both of which are more efficient and less expensive ways to sell their products. Companies can also support their products over the Internet through online discussion forums, often with users helping one another. Ongoing advances in mobile and cloud computing, styles of user interaction, and software business models are certain to have a large effect, leading to innovative new products from both new and established companies.
Immediate implant placement following minimally invasive extraction: A case report with a 6‐year follow‐up
Authors: Fu Po‐Sung , Wu Yi‐Min , Tsai Ching‐Fang , Wang Jen‐Chyan , Huang Ta‐Ko , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Hung Chun‐Cheng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSingle tooth replacement with a dental implant has become an increasingly favored treatment option in the anterior maxilla; however, bone resorption following maxillary anterior tooth extraction is very common and often compromises gingival tissue for the implant restoration. Achieving predictable peri‐implant esthetics requires a proper understanding and preservation of the osseous and gingival tissue surrounding the failing tooth. Therefore, the key to maintaining the interproximal papillae is to preserve the osseous support with minimally invasive extraction. An immediate implant insertion after tooth extraction may maintain the crest bone and the interdental papillae, thus achieving peri‐implant esthetics. This article describes the detailed treatment planning and meticulous techniques in immediate implant placement that reduce treatment time and maintain functional as well as esthetic results through a 6‐year follow‐up.
Adult capillary hemangioma of the liver: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jhuang Jie‐Yang , Lin Long‐Wei , Hsieh Min‐Shu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPrimary hepatic capillary hemangioma in adults is very rare. Here, we report a case of hepatic capillary hemangioma in a 71‐year‐old woman. She had abnormal liver function tests, and abdominal sonography revealed a 2‐cm nodular lesion and fatty liver. Computed tomography scan revealed a hypervascular tumor. During 2 years' follow‐up, the hepatic tumor enlarged to 3 cm in diameter. Serological tests showed no evidence of chronic viral hepatitis or increased level of alpha‐fetoprotein. In fear of hepatocellular carcinoma, she received atypical hepatectomy. Microscopically, the tumor turned out to be a capillary hemangioma in a background of steatohepatitis. We searched the literature, and only six similar cases were found. We made a brief review of this rare disease entity and described its clinicopathological features.
Lupin and soya reduce glycaemia acutely in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dove Emma R. , Mori Trevor A. , Chew Gerard T. , Barden Anne E. , Woodman Richard J. , Puddey Ian B. , Sipsas Sofia , Hodgson Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2011

Addition of fibre or protein to carbohydrate-rich foods can reduce the glycaemic response to those foods. This may assist with glycaemic management in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Lupin is a legume rich in fibre and protein. We assessed the acute effects of lupin- and soya-based beverages on glucose and insulin responses in type 2 diabetic individuals. We hypothesised that the lupin and soya beverages would lower the acute glycaemic response compared with a control beverage containing no protein or fibre, and that lupin would reduce the postprandial glucose more than soya. In a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial, twenty-four diabetic adults (nineteen men and five women) attended three testing sessions, each 1 week apart. At each session, participants consumed a beverage containing 50 g glucose (control), 50 g glucose plus lupin kernel flour with 12·5 g fibre and 22 g protein (lupin), or 50 g glucose plus 12·5 g fibre and 22 g protein from soya isolates (soya). Serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide were measured periodically for 4 h following beverage consumption. Compared with the control beverage, the 4 h post-beverage glucose response was lower (P < 0·001), and the 4 h post-beverage insulin and C-peptide responses were higher (P < 0·001) for lupin and soya. Glucose (P = 0·25) and C-peptide (P = 0·07) responses did not differ significantly between lupin and soya, but lupin resulted in a lower insulin response compared with soya (P = 0·013). Adding lupin or soya to a carbohydrate-rich beverage reduces glycaemia acutely in type 2 diabetic individuals. This may have a beneficial role in glycaemic management.
Intake of α-linolenic acid and other fatty acids in relation to the risk of bladder cancer: results from the New Hampshire case–control study
Authors: Brinkman Maree T. , Karagas Margaret R. , Zens Michael S. , Schned Alan R. , Reulen Raoul C. , Zeegers Maurice P. 
Published: May 2011

The role of dietary fat in bladder cancer aetiology is currently unclear due to few studies, equivocal findings and a lack of information on important dietary fatty acids. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the intake of major dietary fats and fatty acids and the risk of bladder cancer. A case–control study was conducted in New Hampshire, USA. Dietary data were collected from 322 cases and 239 controls, and OR and 95 % CI were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Adjustment was made for potential confounders: sex, age, smoking status, pack-years smoked, cholesterol and energy intake. Statistically significant reduced odds of bladder cancer were observed for high intakes (highest quartile v. lowest quartile) of α-linolenic acid (ALA) (OR 0·26, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·65; P for trend = 0·01) and vegetable fat (OR 0·39, 95 % CI 0·18, 0·86; P for trend = 0·03). Borderline statistically significant reduced odds were detected for polyunsaturated fat (OR 0·43, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·98; P for trend = 0·07) and linoleic acid (OR 0·43, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·96; P for trend = 0·06). These fats and fatty acids were highly correlated and following adjustment for each other, the only potential inverse association to remain was for ALA. The present findings suggest that ALA may have a protective role against developing bladder cancer; however, further investigation and replication in other epidemiological studies are required. Future research should focus on the type, source and quantities of different dietary fatty acids consumed.
BAMGRO: A SIMPLE MODEL TO SIMULATE THE RESPONSE OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT TO ABIOTIC STRESS
Authors: KARUNARATNE A. S. , AZAM-ALI S. N. , CROUT N. M. J. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYSimulation models for many crops are often simple, empirical equations that lack generality across different locations or different levels of abiotic stress making them difficult to apply by independent researchers. The objective of this paper is to describe and demonstrate a user-oriented model ‘BAMGRO’ for an underutilized crop, bambara groundnut with enough detail to be general across locations and genotypes but not so complex that independent users cannot apply it to their own situations. The model consists of different sub-modules that deal specifically with weather (thermal time), crop growth (canopy development, biomass production and yield), temperature (heat and cold stress), photoperiod (daylength control of phenology and reproductive development) and soil water (drought stress). The model predictions are achieved by defining genotype (i.e. cultivar) input files, daily weather parameters and soil characteristics. The model achieves a good fit between observed and predicted data for leaf area index (Nash and Sutcliffe (N-S), 0.80–0.84; mean absolute error (MAE) with maximum less than ± 0.50) for tested genotypes. Pod yield simulation correlated well with measured values (N-S 0.73–0.87; MAE ± 16 g m−2). Available soil moisture content correlated well with the observed data for a field site in Botswana indicating successful performance of the soil water module.
IMPACTS OF SOYABEAN EXPANSION ON THE AMAZON ENERGY BALANCE: A CASE STUDY
Authors: PONTE DE SOUZA PAULO JORGE DE OLIVEIRA , RIBEIRO ARISTIDES , DA ROCHA EDSON JOSÉ PAULINO , BOTELHO MARCEL DO NASCIMENTO , DE SOUSA ADRIANO MARLISOM LEÃO , DE SOUZA EVERALDO BARREIROS , BOUÇAS FARIAS JOSÉ RENATO 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYA micrometeorological experiment was carried out in an area of soyabean cultivation located in northeastern Para state, Brazil, in order to evaluate impacts on the local energy balance due to replacement of forests by soyabean. The meteorological data from forest ecosystems were collected in Caxiuanã forests located in central Para. The energy balance components were obtained using the Bowen ratio technique. Differences in energy balance components between ecosystems were significant during the soyabean growing season and more significant between growing seasons. During the soyabean growing season mean impacts of −15%, −9% and −27% on net radiation, latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H), respectively, were observed. At specific soyabean stages, LE was higher than in the forest because of the high soyabean surface conductance of water vapour. However, during the production off-season the impacts were more significant (p< 0.05), showing a reduction of 78% in LE and a substantial increase in H (84%) because of the absence of vegetation cover over this period.