bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment failure and resistance with direct-acting antiviral drugs against hepatitis C virus
Authors: Pawlotsky Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is based on the combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. The recent development of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) molecules that are active on HCV, together with

in vitro

and

in vivo

studies showing that these drugs may lead to the selection of resistant viruses if administered alone, has raised concerns that resistance may undermine therapy based on DAAs. A new standard-of-care treatment will soon be available for both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients infected with HCV genotype 1, based on a triple combination of pegylated interferon-α, ribavirin, and a protease inhibitor (either telaprevir or boceprevir). With this therapy, most failures to eradicate infection in treatment-adherent patients are due to an inadequate response to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, in the context of a low genetic barrier to resistance of first-generation protease inhibitors. This article reviews patterns of resistance to HCV DAA drugs in development, the mechanisms underlying treatment failure when these drugs are combined with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, the consequences of treatment failure, and possible means of optimizing future therapies that use DAAs. (Hepatology 2011;)
Preparation of bioactive Ti‐15Zr‐4Nb‐4Ta alloy from HCl and heat treatments after an NaOH treatment
Authors: Yamaguchi Seiji , Takadama Hiroaki , Matsushita Tomiharu , Nakamura Takashi , Kokubo Tadashi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTi‐15Zr‐4Nb‐4Ta alloy does not contain any cytotoxic elements and has a high mechanical strength. Water or HCl and heat treatments were applied to this alloy after NaOH treatment to form a bioactive titanium oxide layer with a nanometer scale roughness on its surface. The nanometer scale roughness was formed on the surface after the first NaOH treatment and remained, even after a subsequent water or HCl and heat treatment. A layer that was mainly composed of anatase was formed on the surface after the heat treatment. Thus, the treated alloy showed a high apatite‐forming ability in an SBF, as well as a high scratch resistance. Its high apatite‐forming ability was attributed to its positive surface charge. The same alloy subjected to a heat treatment without a water or HCl treatment after the NaOH treatment did not show an apatite‐forming ability. This was attributed to a too slow release rate of sodium ions from the surface in an SBF. Ti‐15Zr‐4Nb‐4Ta alloy samples subjected to a water or HCl and heat treatment after the NaOH treatment are expected to be useful as orthopedic and dental implants, since they can form an apatite layer on their surface in a living body and bond to living bone through this apatite layer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Community psychology in South Africa: origins, developments, and manifestations
Authors: Seedat Mohamed , Lazarus Sandy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article represents a South African contribution to the growing international body of knowledge on histories of community psychology. We trace the early antecedents of social‐community psychology interventions and describe the social forces and academic influences that provided the impetus for the emergence and development of community psychology in South Africa. We then draw on various sources, including undocumented small histories of organized groups and individuals, to present on account of the emergence, development, and focus of community psychology in South Africa. We also very briefly describe community‐focused work in other selected African countries. In the penultimate section, we take a critical look at the notions of “community” embedded in community psychology practice in South Africa, and then by way of conclusion we describe the trajectory of community psychology and speculate about its future in the country. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relative impact of violence exposure and immigrant stressors on Latino youth psychopathology
Authors: Gudiño Omar G. , Nadeem Erum , Kataoka Sheryl H. , Lau Anna S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLatino youth in a low‐income urban community are at high risk of exposure to violence. Given an accumulation of factors before, during, and after migration, immigrant youth might be at increased risk of exposure to violence and other relevant stressors (e.g., acculturation stress, language proficiency, acculturation/enculturation, and parental separations). Utilizing a short‐term longitudinal design, we assessed exposure to violence and immigrant stressors and examined their relative impact on psychopathology in a sample of 164 Latino youth. Immigrant youth reported greater exposure to immigrant stressors relative to native‐born peers, but few differences in rates of exposure to violence emerged. When considered alongside relevant immigration stressors, exposure to violence emerged as the strongest predictor of youth psychopathology. Results suggest that some types of stressors have more consistently deleterious effects on mental health and understanding resilient outcomes might entail considering the meaning attributed to stressors and the resources available to cope with stressors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life experiences of hispanic adolescents: developmental and language considerations in acculturation stress
Authors: Cervantes Richard C. , Cordova David 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHispanic youth currently constitute the largest and fastest growing of all ethnic and racial groups in the United States. In addition to normal developmental life stressors, Hispanic youth also face minority status and acculturation‐related stress. This study examined the psychosocial and acculturative stressors of Hispanic youth (n=170) residing in the northeast and southwest United States through the use of focus group methodology. Findings are presented within a developmental perspective and suggest that Hispanic youth experience stressors broadly categorized across 6 domains, namely: (a) immigration, (b) communication and language, (c) school and academic, (d) peer, (e) family, and (f) social and economic. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteopontin stimulates autophagy via integrin/CD44 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zheng Yue‐Hong , Tian Cui , Meng Yan , Qin Yan‐Wen , Du Ya‐Hao , Du Jie , Li Hui‐Hua 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) exerts pro‐inflammatory effect and is associated with the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this association remains obscure. In the present study, we compared gene expression profiles of AAA tissues using microarray assay, and found that OPN was the highest expressed gene (>125‐fold). Furthermore, the expression of LC3 protein and autophagy‐related genes including Atg4b, Beclin1/Atg6, Bnip3, and Vps34 was markedly upregulated in AAA tissues. To investigate the ability of OPN to stimulate autophagy as a potential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, we treated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with OPN, and found that OPN significantly increased the formation of autophagosomes, expression of autophagy‐related genes and cell death, whereas blocking the signal by anti‐OPN antibody markedly inhibited OPN‐induced autophagy and SMC death. Furthermore, inhibition of integrin/CD44 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways markedly abrogated the biological effects of OPN on SMCs. These data for the first time demonstrate that OPN sitmulates autophagy directly through integrin/CD44 and p38 MAPK‐mediated pathways in SMCs. Thus, inhibition of OPN‐induced autophagy might be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of AAA disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 127–135, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BK virus‐associated infection in cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients and mutation analysis of the complete VP1 gene in different patient groups
Authors: Bárcena‐Panero Ana , Van Ghelue Marijke , Khan Mahmud Tareq Hassan , Echevarría Juan E. , Fedele Giovanni , Moens Ugo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhile BK virus (BKV) is frequently associated with pathological conditions in bone marrow and renal transplant recipients, BKV infection in neurological individuals has been rarely reported. As a result of a BKV, JCV, and SV40 large T antigen‐specific multiplex PCR on 2,062 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from neurological patients suspicious of JCV infection, we identified 20 subjects with at least 1 CSF specimen positive for BKV large T antigen DNA. Because VP1 protein has been suggested to influence the biological/pathological properties of BKV, we tried to sequence the entire VP1 gene in the BKV‐positive neurological patients and succeeded in 14 of the 20 neurological patients. To compare the VP1 sequence of the BKV neurological strains with that of non‐neurotropic strains in other clinical situations, full‐length VP1 DNA was sequenced in 15 renal and 6 bone marrow transplant recipients positive to BKV‐viremia, and in 8 pregnant women as non‐pathological controls. An increased (respectively, decreased) tendency for mutations in the BC loop (respectively, EF loop) was observed, and no mutations were detected in the CD, GH, and HI loops. Subtype I was predominant (93%) and compared to archetypal BKV (WW), amino acid substitutions were detected in 4/14 neurological patients, 10/15 renal transplant recipients, 3/6 bone marrow transplant patients, and in all the pregnant women. Each patient group had distinctive VP1 mutations, but these unique substitutions were not present in all patients of this group. However, molecular modeling simulations of the VP1 mutants predicted changes in protein surface properties which might affect the VP1–receptor interaction. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 136–145, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AKAP350 Is involved in the development of apical “Canalicular” structures in hepatic cells HepG2
Authors: Mattaloni Stella M. , Kolobova Elena , Favre Cristián , Marinelli Raúl A. , Goldenring James R. , Larocca Maria C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHepatocytes are epithelial cells whose apical poles constitute the bile canaliculi. The establishment and maintenance of canalicular poles is a finely regulated process that dictates the efficiency of primary bile secretion. Protein kinase A (PKA) modulates this process at different levels. AKAP350 is an A‐kinase anchoring protein that scaffolds protein complexes involved in modulating the dynamic structures of the Golgi apparatus and microtubule cytoskeleton, facilitating microtubule nucleation at this organelle. In this study, we evaluated whether AKAP350 is involved in the development of bile canaliculi‐like structures in hepatocyte derived HepG2 cells. We found that AKAP350 recruits PKA to the centrosomes and Golgi apparatus in HepG2 cells. De‐localization of AKAP350 from these organelles led to reduced apical cell polarization. A decrease in AKAP350 expression inhibited the formation of canalicular structures and impaired F‐actin organization at canalicular poles. Furthermore, loss of AKAP350 expression led to diminished polarized expression of the p‐glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) at the apical “canalicular” membrane. AKAP350 knock down effects on canalicular structures formation and actin organization could be mimicked by inhibition of Golgi microtubule nucleation by depletion of CLIP associated proteins (CLASPs). Our data reveal that AKAP350 participates in mechanisms which determine the development of canalicular structures as well as accurate canalicular expression of distinct proteins and actin organization, and provide evidence on the involvement of Golgi microtubule nucleation in hepatocyte apical polarization. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 160–171, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incubation temperature influences locomotor performance in young wood ducks (Aix sponsa)
Authors: Hopkins Brittney Cole , DuRant Sarah Elizabeth , Hepp Gary Richard , Hopkins William Alexander 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIncubation temperature is an important maternal effect in birds that can influence numerous offspring traits. For example, ducklings from eggs incubated at lower temperatures have lower growth rates, protein content, and are in poorer body condition than ducklings from eggs incubated at higher temperatures. Based on these observations, we predicted that incubation temperature would indirectly influence performance through its direct effects on body size. Wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs were incubated at three ecologically relevant temperatures (35, 35.9, 37°C). After hatching, all ducklings were housed under identical conditions and were subjected to aquatic and terrestrial racing trials at 15 and 20 days posthatch (dph). Contrary to our prediction, incubation temperature did not influence most duckling body size parameters at 15 or 20 dph. However, incubation temperature did have a strong influence on locomotor performance independent of body size and body condition. Ducklings hatched from eggs incubated at the lowest temperature had significantly reduced maximum aquatic swim velocity than ducklings from higher temperatures. Maximum terrestrial sprint velocity followed a similar pattern, but did not differ statistically among incubation treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that slight changes in incubation temperature can directly affect locomotor performance in avian offspring and thus provide a significant source of phenotypic variation in natural wood duck populations.J. Exp. Zool. 315:274–279, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of edge‐transitive 4‐valent bicirculants
Authors: Kovács István , Kuzman Boštjan , Malnič Aleksander , Wilson Steve 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA bicirculant is a graph admitting an automorphism with exactly two vertex‐orbits of equal size. All non‐isomorphic 4‐valent edge‐transitive bicirculants are characterized in this article. As a corollary, a characterization of 4‐valent arc‐transitive dihedrants is obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory.
On the decoupling of the IODZM from southern Africa Summer rainfall variability
Authors: Manatsa Desmond , Reason Chris J. C. , Mukwada Geoffrey 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe decoupling of the Indian Ocean Dipole/zonal mode (IODZM) from southern Africa's dominant mode of rainfall variability since 1997 is investigated. An approach of using variability as the major descriptive parameter for the observational time series is adopted. This approach enables the identification of epochs differentiated by the examination of low‐frequency signals in the climate data of the Indian Ocean basin. The period of analysis stretches from 1922 to 2008 and focuses on the October to December season so as to capture the most active component of the IODZM events that coincide with the early summer rainfall. The period around 1997/1998 is noted as an important climate regime transition in the Indian Ocean climate system whereas the well known 1976/1977 climate shift appears to be of lesser significance in the region. The temporal manifestation of statistical parameters of the IODZM matches significantly with those of basic atmospheric variables in the western subtropical South Indian Ocean and consistently identifies 1961 and 1997 as important turning points in the Indian Ocean climate system. However, although the relatively high variability of the atmospheric variables quickly decreases after 1997, a corresponding fall in the rainfall and IODZM time series variability is not found. Instead, an abrupt reduction in the correlation between the two time series to insignificant values occurs after 1997. Coincidentally, notable cooling over the western South Indian Ocean is observed during the pre‐1997 positive IODZM events, followed by a synchronized anomalous warming and cooling over the respective western and eastern subtropical South Indian Ocean during the events after 1997. This change is associated with an eastward displacement of the South Indian Ocean anticyclone after 1997. Thus, 1997 is a significant year in the Indian Ocean climate system when a discontinuity acts to decouple the IODZM from the dominant mode of regional rainfall variability. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
An ex‐ante evaluation of the use of seasonal climate forecasts for millet growers in SW Niger
Authors: Roudier P. , Sultan B. , Quirion P. , Baron C. , Alhassane A. , Traoré S. B. , Muller B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis work assesses the value of climate forecasts for millet growers in Niger. We quantify the potential value of three kinds of categorical forecasts assigning cumulated rainfall during the forthcoming rainy season by tercile (dry, normal, or humid): (i) a realistic imperfect tercile forecast; (ii) a perfect tercile forecast; and (iii) a perfect tercile forecast which includes a prediction of rainy season onset and offset dates. Eighteen management strategies are assessed. Corresponding yields are computed using the SARRA‐H crop model then converted into utility by taking into account risk‐aversion. Simulations over an historical 18‐year period 1990‐2007 show that benefit is lowest with imperfect tercile forecasts (+6.9%), higher (+11%) with perfect tercile forecasts, and reaches + 31% when enhanced adaptation strategies and additional climatic indices are available. These results show that improving existing forecast systems by including the prediction of onset and cessation of rainfall is of great value. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Possible effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the strengthening relationship between the East Asian Summer monsoon and ENSO
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Li Jianping , Jiang Zhihong , He Jinhai , Zhu Xiaoying 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn contrast to the weakened relationship between the Indian summer monsoon and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since 1970s, the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has exhibited a strengthened relationship with ENSO. In this study, observational and numerical evidences manifest that spring NAO may exert notable impacts on the enhancement of the EASM–ENSO relationship. Anomalous spring NAO induces a tripole sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) pattern in North Atlantic which persists into ensuring summer. The tripole SSTA excites downstream tele‐connections of a distinct Rossby wave train prevailing over the northern Eurasia and a simple Gill‐Matsuno‐type quadrupole response over western Pacific. The former modulates the blocking highs over the Ural Mountain and the Okhotsk Sea. The latter enhances the linkage between the western Pacific subtropical high and ENSO. The co‐effects of the two tele‐connection patterns help to strengthen (or weaken) the subtropical Meiyu‐Baiu‐Changma front, the primary rain‐bearing system of the EASM. As such, spring NAO is tied to the strengthened connection between ENSO and the EASM. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Establishment of an index with increased sensitivity for assessing murine arthritis
Authors: Sampson Erik R. , Beck Christopher A. , Ketz John , Canary Krista L. , Hilton Matthew J. , Awad Hani , Schwarz Edward M. , Chen Di , O'Keefe Regis J. , Rosier Randy N. , Zuscik Michael J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe goals of our study were to establish quantitative outcomes for assessing murine knee arthritis and develop an Arthritis Index that incorporates multiple outcomes into a single calculation that provides enhanced sensitivity. Using an accepted model of meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI)‐induced osteoarthritis (OA), we assessed mouse knee arthritis using several approaches. Histology‐based methods were performed to visualize joint tissues including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Accepted histologic scoring methods and histomorphometry were performed to grade cartilage degeneration and determine articular cartilage area, respectively. MicroCT was used to visualize and quantify the bony structures of the joint including osteophytes and joint bone volume. A statistical algorithm was then developed that combined histologic scores and cartilage areas into a single Arthritis Index. MLI induced progressive, OA‐like articular cartilage degeneration characterized by increasing (worsening) histologic score and decreasing cartilage area. MicroCT revealed osteophytes and increased joint bone volume between the femoral and tibial physes following MLI. Lastly, an Arthritis Index calculation was established, which incorporated histologic scoring and cartilage area. The Arthritis Index provided enhanced quantitative sensitivity in assessing the level of joint degeneration compared to either histologic scoring or cartilage area determination alone; when using the Index, between 29% and 43% fewer samples are needed to establish statistical significance in studies of murine arthritis. Arthritis in the mouse knee can be quantitatively assessed by histologic scoring, measuring cartilage area, and determining joint bone volume. Enhanced sensitivity can be achieved by performing the Arthritis Index calculation, a novel method for quantitatively assessing mouse knee arthritis. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1145–1151, 2011
Risk of venous thromboembolism in bone and soft‐tissue sarcoma patients undergoing surgical intervention: A report from prior to the initiation of SCIP measures
Authors: Damron Timothy A. , Wardak Zabi , Glodny Bradley , Grant William 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study reviews incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in bone/soft‐tissue sarcoma patients prior to the initiation of Surgical Care Improvement Program (SCIP) measures in October 2009.MethodsA retrospective chart review identified 171 cases of bone (51) and soft‐tissue (120) sarcoma. Data were extracted on demographics, histology, presence of metastasis at presentation, type of adjuvant therapy, and established risk factors for VTE. Risk factors and outcomes were analyzed using chi‐square and logistic regression with the Fisher exact test.ResultsThe rate of clinically diagnosed VTE was 4.1% (7/171). Only those patients undergoing chemotherapy were found to have a significantly increased risk of VTE (P = 0.04). Chemical prophylaxis showed a trend toward reduction in the risk of VTE (2.4% vs. 9.1%, P = 0.13). The number of individual patient prothrombotic risk factors showed a trend towards increased risk of VTE (P = 0.12).ConclusionsThe current rate of 4.1% is at the lower end of the range of reported incidence for musculoskeletal oncology patients. Furthermore, VTE did not occur only in patients with hip/thigh sarcomas, as previously reported by some. The trend for reduced incidence with chemoprophylaxis favors prophylactic measures but requires further substantiation in larger studies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:643–647. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.