bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Single Atom Anchoring Strategy: Rational Design of MXene‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Dou Yuhai , Gan Rong , Zhao Qin , Ma Quanlei , Liao Yijing , Cheng Guidan , Zhang Yan , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are a class of catalysts with low dosage, low cost, and the presence of metal atom‐carrier interactions with high catalytic activity, which are considered to possess significant potential in the field of electrocatalysis. The most important aspect in the synthesis of SACs is the selection of suitable carriers. Metal carbides, nitrides, or carbon‐nitrides (MXenes) are widely used as a new type of 2D materials with good electrical conductivity and tunable surface properties. The abundance of surface functional groups and vacancy defects on MXenes is an ideal anchoring site for metal single atoms and is therefore regarded as a good carrier for single‐atom loading. In this work, the preparation method of MXenes, the loading mode of SACs, the characterization of the catalysts, and the electrochemical catalytic performance are described in detail, and some of the hot issues of the current research and future research directions are also summarized. The aim of this work is to promote the development of MXene‐based SACs within the realm of electrocatalysis. With ongoing research and innovation, these materials are expected to be crucial in the future of energy conversion and storage solutions.
Enabling Charge Trapping with Quasi‐Magnetization through Transition Metal Ion‐Chelated Mesoporous Silica Particles for Wearable Antibacterial Self‐Powering Sensors
Authors: Han Seunghye , Park Jungchul , Sun Jingzhe , Ren Bingqi , Lee Jiwoo , Bae Jihyun , Chang Jeong Ho , Park Jong‐Jin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWearable self‐powering sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) emerging as a promising strategy for a wide range of applications, such as self‐powering and energy‐harvesting systems, are widely used in healthcare and displacement current are utilized as the driving force. Although the TENG theory is rooted in the displacement current equation proposed by Maxwell, the magnetic field created by this current is often overlooked in TENG research. In this work, an effective charge‐trapping method based on the magnetization current induced by transition metal ion chelation is reported. The experimental results, along with a theoretical analysis of the Maxwell equation and a discussion of the charge‐trapping mechanism, demonstrate that magnetic materials provide enhanced charge‐trapping performance. Transition metal ions chelated to mesoporous silica particles (MSPs) can slightly assign weak paramagnetic properties owing to the formation of ligand complexes. As a result, they can generate a feeble quasi‐magnetization current during the TENG cycle, which enhances the surface charge density of the Co‐MSPs‐based polyvinyl alcohol TENG (PVA‐TENG) by 68%. In addition, it is confirmed that the MSPs chelated with transition metal ions exhibit antibacterial properties, thereby providing promising synergistic effects from the perspective of application as a wearable TENG‐based antibacterial sensor system.
Reliability assessment of deflection limitation methods in reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Way Andrew , De Koker Nico , Viljoen Celeste 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe depth of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and slabs is typically governed by the limitation of deflections. The minimisation of beam and slab depths thus notably reduces the material cost of RC structures. Semi‐empirical slenderness ratio methods to initially size member depths are often simplified for ease of use, time efficiency and due to the limited knowledge available at preliminary design stage. These methods often contain considerable uncertainty and the serviceability limit state (SLS) reliability performance implied by using these methods is currently unknown. This research aims to quantify and compare the SLS deflection reliability performance of slenderness ratio (also called span‐to‐effective depth or ) methods to other analytical methods. A database of experimental samples from existing research is used to determine model factors for the methods. The SLS reliability performance of each method is evaluated for a simulated database of beams, considering both hinged and partially restrained supports. Analytical methods were found to achieve satisfactory reliability, whereas slenderness ratio methods produce conservative reliability values and especially so for longer beams. The preferential use of analytical over slenderness ratio methods may therefore promote a more sustainable use of materials and reduce structural costs while still providing adequate SLS reliability.
On the Minimization of the Willmore Energy Under a Constraint on Total Mean Curvature and Area
Authors: Scharrer Christian , West Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Motivated by a model for lipid bilayer cell membranes, we study the minimization of the Willmore functional in the class of oriented closed surfaces with prescribed total mean curvature, prescribed area, and prescribed genus. Adapting methods previously developed by Keller–Mondino–Rivière, Bauer–Kuwert, and Ndiaye–Schätzle, we prove the existence of smooth minimizers for a large class of constraints. Moreover, we analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the energy profile close to the unit sphere and consider the total mean curvature of axisymmetric surfaces.
Vertical federated learning: a structured literature review
Authors: Khan Afsana , ten Thij Marijn , Wilbik Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed learning paradigm with an added advantage of data privacy. With the growing interest in collaboration among data owners, FL has gained significant attention from organizations. The idea of FL is to enable collaborating participants train machine learning (ML) models on decentralized data without breaching privacy. In simpler words, federated learning is the approach of “bringing the model to the data, instead of bringing the data to the model”. Federated learning, when applied to data which is partitioned vertically across participants, is able to build a complete ML model by combining local models trained only using the data with distinct features at the local sites. This architecture of FL is referred to as vertical federated learning (VFL), which differs from the conventional FL on horizontally partitioned data. As VFL is different from conventional FL, it comes with its own issues and challenges. Motivated by the comparatively less explored side of FL, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing methods and developments in VFL, covering various aspects such as communication, learning, privacy, and applications. We conclude by identifying gaps in the current literature and proposing potential future directions for research in VFL.
Building Community Resilience Through Trauma-Informed Solutions: Lessons Learned from a Social Accelerator in Rural North Carolina
Authors: Elliott Alison M. , Jana Bethany , Vu Thi , Rush Macie , Belk Aaliyah , Emmerling Dane , Jagannathan Vichi , Saeugling Seth , Hatcher Abigail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences and intergenerational trauma are associated with a variety of negative health outcomes and are particularly prevalent among people of color and those living in rural communities. The social accelerator model offers a novel means of assisting organizations in scaling up their initiatives and increasing their impact. This study investigates the lessons learned from adapting the social accelerator model to address community-level trauma and build resilience in a rural setting. We conducted qualitative interviews with program staff and the initial cohort of participants of the Resilient Leaders Initiative: a trauma-informed social accelerator designed for public institutions in Edgecombe County, North Carolina. Participating community organizations included a local high school, church, and courthouse. In-depth interviews (n = 23) explored strengths, challenges, and perceived outcomes of the program and were thematically analyzed. The program’s deep community ties generated strong relationships among the cohort and created a safe space for participants to address trauma. Those interviewed identified the virtual program’s flexible structure as a key strength, but also reported experiencing confusion around roles, outcomes, and program language. A shared passion for building community resilience among participants and staff served as a key motivator throughout the program. Findings indicate that a flexible environment, strong interpersonal relationships, and deep community roots are essential to facilitating the creation of trauma-informed solutions among community organizations via the social accelerator model.
The effect of Education 4.0 tools on 7th grade students’ learning outcomes and attitudes in the electrical circuits unit
Authors: Başgül Melek , Coştu Bayram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Education 4.0 represents a visionary approach to the future of education, aiming to enhance teaching and learning through advanced technologies. The aim of this research is to determine student attitudes toward the use of Education 4.0 tools in the 7th-grade Science course Electrical Circuits unit. To achieve this, an attitude test was developed to evaluate the integration of Education 4.0 tools into the Science curriculum, and student attitudes were assessed using this test. A "quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group," one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the study. The research involved 41 seventh-grade students from one public secondary schools in Turkey, with 21 students in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. The "Attitude Scale toward the Use of Education 4.0 Tools in Science Teaching," developed by the researchers, was used as the data collection instrument. The experimental phase lasted four weeks (16 lesson hours), during which the experimental group engaged in activities involving Education 4.0 tools, while the control group followed the curriculum-prescribed activities. The t-test results of the collected data revealed a statistically significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group showing more favorable outcomes. The research findings reveal that students exhibit a positive attitude toward the use of Education 4.0 tools in science education. These results suggest that the integration of Education 4.0 into science education enhances students’ understanding of abstract electrical concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm’s Law, improves knowledge retention, and transforms the learning process into an interactive and discovery-oriented experience. Furthermore, Education 4.0 tools have contributed to the improvement of learning outcomes by promoting student engagement and make learning processes more efficient by improving students’ ability to use technology effectively.
Multiplex Biosensor Interface Utilizing PANI-AgNP Nanocomposite for Glucose and Urea Detection
Authors: Pal Sweety , Kumar Dharmesh , Pillay Shandre , Shukla Sudheesh K. , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present work describes the chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNP), polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline-silver nanoparticle (PANI-AgNP) nanocomposite were used to modify the platinum screen printed electrode (PSPE). We developed a non-enzymatic multiplexed electrochemical biosensor using a PANI-AgNP nanocomposite for the detection of glucose and urea and facilitated the simultaneous detection of glucose and urea molecules using redox reaction on the electrode surface and electroactive areas were calculated using Randles–Sevick equation. Validation and sensing performance of synthesized nanocomposites have been evaluated by the optical and electrochemical methods. The Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of urea at 50 mV showed a linear response with R

2
of 0.989. The detection limit (1.9 µM/0.021 µM) and quantification limit (5 µM/0.652 µM) towards glucose & urea detection. This approach could be useful for diagnosing diabetes, liver and kidney issues.
Alte Wurzeln, neue Wurzeln? Zum Einfluss früherer rechtsradikaler Unterstützung auf den AfD-Wahlerfolg bei der Europawahl 2024
Authors: Kölzer Julius , Debus Marc , Stecker Christian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Trotz laufender Gerichtsverfahren und der Einstufung durch zahlreiche Verfassungsschutzämter als gesichert rechtsextrem konnte die AfD bei der vergangenen Europawahl erhebliche Zugewinne erzielen. Auch wenn die Partei mit 15,9 % das bislang höchste Ergebnis einer rechtsradikalen Partei bei einer bundesweiten Wahl erzielt hat, ist der elektorale Nährboden des Rechtsradikalismus in Deutschland historisch verwurzelt. Schon in den 1990er- und 2000er-Jahren bildete ein räumlich verwurzeltes rechtsautoritäres und nativistisches Wählerreservoir Grundlage für Wahlerfolge von rechtsradikalen und rechtsextremen Parteien wie DVU, NPD und Republikanern. Wir gehen in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach, inwiefern sich der geografisch variierende Wahlerfolg der AfD auch bei der Europawahl 2024 durch die frühere Unterstützung dieser Parteien erklären lässt. Neben einer Analyse auf Ebene der 400 Landkreise und kreisfreien Städte blicken wir gesondert kleinräumlich auf Sachsen und Baden-Württemberg. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die AfD dort eine deutlich höhere Unterstützung erhält, wo in früheren Zeitperioden rechtsradikale Parteien überdurchschnittlich gut abschnitten. Allerdings erreicht die AfD in diesen Regionen anders als bei früheren Wahlen kaum signifikante Zugewinne. Dies könnte darauf hindeuten, dass die AfD ihr rechtsautoritäres und nativistisches Wählerreservoir inzwischen ausgeschöpft hat. Darüber hinaus deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die AfD insbesondere in Gegenden mit größerem Anteil an Beschäftigten ohne akademischen Abschluss hohe Stimmengewinne einfahren konnte.
Haunted Aspirations and Youth Transitions in the Contemporary Context
Authors: McPherson Charlotte 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Contemporary generations of youth are undertaking their “transitions” to adulthood in a period marked by considerable temporal precarity and anxiety. A range of intersecting socio-structural changes and crises have not only made it more difficult for contemporary young people to achieve historically conventional markers of adulthood but have also undermined the previously taken-for-granted sense of continuity between the present and future. Youth studies have been alert to how these shifts have reshaped young people’s lives in the present and their dispositions towards uncertain futures. Significantly less attention has been paid to how this temporal uncertainty evokes the past, present and future in young people’s own perceptions and navigations of the contemporary context. Using the concept of hauntology and drawing on the narratives of 11 working-class young people as they reflect on their transitions to adulthood, this paper provides insights into how young people’s experiences and dispositions in the present are powerfully haunted by losses from both the past and the future.
The potential of Deception Island, Antarctica, as a multifunctional Martian analogue of astrobiological interest
Authors: Leal Leal María Angélica , Tovar Rodríguez David , de Pablo Hernandez Miguel Ángel , Bonilla Gómez María Argenis , Leone Giovanni , Tchegliakova Nikolaevna Nadejda , Sánchez Nieves Jimena , Molina Jurado Antonio , San Martín Lobos José Tomás 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The establishment of the possible presence of life on Mars (past or present) is based on the study of planetary analogues, which allow in situ analysis of the environments in which living organisms adapt to often extreme conditions. Although Mars has been a candidate for hosting life, based on observations made decades ago, it is thanks to the characteristics identified in environments, mainly volcanic, that it has been possible to calibrate instruments and detail the features of the red planet. In this paper, we present a review of the main characteristics of different planetary analogues, particularly deepening the study of Antarctica, to later expose the factors studied in Deception Island that have contributed to considering it as an analogue of Mars from different perspectives. Although geological and geomorphological studies on the analogies of the island already exist, detailed analyses that present the approach of astrobiological analogues are required, thus allowing further research.
Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Ocean Eddies in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Aslam Ashar A. , Schwendike Juliane , Peatman Simon C. , Matthews Adrian J. , Birch Cathryn E. , Bollasina Massimo A. , Barrett Paul A. , Azaneu Marina V. C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMesoscale ocean eddies contribute to the mixing and transport of water properties throughout the global ocean. Sea surface temperature anomalies associated with these eddies can influence atmospheric boundary layer stability, and thus the formation of clouds. The Maritime Continent experiences the modulation of convection and precipitation by processes operating over multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, mesoscale air‐sea interactions, such as those associated with the eddies the region generates, remain understudied. Applying a sea surface height‐based eddy detection and tracking algorithm, we show that lower latitude eddies, such as those in the Maritime Continent, are generally fewer in number, weaker, and shorter‐lived, but larger and faster‐propagating, compared to those at higher latitudes. Crucially, we highlight that eddies in the Maritime Continent can significantly modify air‐sea heat exchange and the near‐surface wind field. However, changes to column water vapor, cloud, and rainfall are less distinct. Compared to the Kuroshio Extension, a representative case study for the extratropics, atmospheric anomalies associated with eddies in the Maritime Continent are weaker, and decreasing in magnitude toward the lower latitudes. We hypothesize that weaker sea surface temperature anomalies associated with eddies in the Maritime Continent, coupled with their faster propagation and intraseasonal variability in convection over the region, reduce the likelihood and intensity of the instantaneous atmospheric imprint. This study therefore emphasizes the importance of the spatial and temporal scales with regard to air‐sea interactions and their influence on cloud and rainfall across the Maritime Continent.
PDO Dynamics Shape the Fire Regime of Boreal Subarctic Landscapes in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Ryzhkova Nina , Asselin Hugo , Ali Adam A. , Kryshen Alexander , Bergeron Yves , Robles Daniela , Pineda‐Zapata Sara , Drobyshev Igor 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpatially explicit reconstructions of fire activity in northwestern boreal Canada are rare, despite their importance for modeling current and future disturbance regimes and forest dynamics. We provide a dendrochronological reconstruction of historical fire activity along Highway 3 in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, within the boreal subarctic zone. We dated 129 fires that occurred between 1202 and 2015 CE, using samples from 479 fire‐scarred living and dead jack pine trees (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Three distinct periods can be distinguished in terms of historical fire cycle (FC) and fire occurrence. Initially (1340–1440 CE), fire activity was low (FC = 572 years; 1 fire/decade), before increasing notably between 1460 and 1840 (FC = 171 years; 4.45 fires/decade), and even more in recent times (1860–2015 CE; FC = 95 years; 7.63 fires/decade). Climate has been an important factor controlling changes in fire frequency and FC in the NWT since the 1300s. The 1440s and 1850s correspond with periods of increased fire activity synchronized with shifts from negative to positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) phases. Since the mid‐1800s, human activities may have contributed to the increase in fire activity, but climate remained the leading factor. During the 20th century, years with increased area burned corresponded to periods with drier‐than‐average conditions associated with positive PDO, suggesting fire activity in the study region is still influenced by climate. Spatial teleconnection patterns among PDO, drought, and large fire years (LFYs) in the NWT reveal persistent relationships between ocean‐atmosphere circulation patterns and fire activity. PDO dynamics hold strong potential for predicting regional fire hazards across northwestern North America.
Expanding tracer space for positron emission tomography with high molar activity 18F-labeled α,α-difluoromethylalkanes
Authors: Zhao Qunchao , Telu Sanjay , Lu Shuiyu , Pike Victor W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced biomedical imaging modality that relies on well-designed radiotracers to report on specific protein targets and processes occurring in living animals and humans. Cyclotron-produced short-lived fluorine-18 (t
1/2 = 109.8 min) is widely used to radiolabel tracers for PET. Herein we aim to expand the chemical space available for PET tracer development to include structures with 18F-labeled α,α-difluoromethylalkyl groups. We report an efficient and broad-scope method for labeling such groups with high molar activities based on a single-step radiofluorination of α-bromo-α-fluoroalkanes. The method is applicable to bioactive compounds and drug-like molecules, and is readily automated for radiotracer production. The unique physical and biochemical features of the α,α-difluoromethyl group can now be exploited in the design of new PET tracers.
Carbon risk and labor investment efficiency
Authors: Luo Tingwei , Luo Fubi , Guo Xu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Labor capital plays a critical role in shaping enterprise competitiveness and in the allocation of macroeconomic resources, while the prominent of carbon risk significantly influences corporate labor allocation patterns. In this paper, utilizing data sampled from China’s A-share listed companies between 2012 and 2021, the impact and mechanism of corporate carbon risk on labor investment efficiency have been examined. The results reveal that carbon risk significantly inhibits labor investment efficiency. Moreover, environmental uncertainty, agency problems, and managerial ability are the primary channels through which carbon risk can affect corporate labor investment efficiency. Additional tests reveal that the impact of carbon risk on labor investment efficiency is more pronounced in firms with lower competitive positions and more severe financing constraints. The detrimental effect of carbon risk on labor investment efficiency is particularly evident in firms characterized by labor underinvestment, high labor intensity, high pollution, and non-high-tech industries. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for policymakers to improve carbon risk management, enhance labor investment efficiency, and optimize the institutional mechanisms for factor market allocation.