bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema and its relationship to mortality and hospitalization: a cross-sectional study of patients attending Damascus Hospital in syria
Authors: Alhallak Kasem , Alasfar Hozaifa , Albardan Hussam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) can be a life-threatening condition leading to compromised gas exchange and acute respiratory failure (ARF) associated with high mortality, Several risk factors have been identified, including those of cardiogenic origin, such as heart failure, hypertension and coronary artery disease>
Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting approximately 167 patients suffering from acute cardiogenic lung edema. The percentage of males was 47% and females were 53%.
Results: The cardiac problems causing pulmonary edema were high blood pressure (62%), myocardial ischemia 42%, heart failure 23%, and valvular disease 37%. The prognosis was better for those associated with high blood pressure
Conclusion: Pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition. There may be a relationship between causes and prognosis, as in our study the prognosis was better for those diagnosed with cardiogenic Pulmonary edema associated with hypertension and mitral insufficiency, while we did not find that myocardial infarction in patients with cardiogenic edema increases the mortality rate. This contradicts Many studies, and this calls us to conduct more accurate research and use more stringent diagnostic criteria.
The GERD-caused middle ear mucous membrane transformation features in chronic otitis media with effusion
Authors: Komarov M. V. , Fedotova A. A. , Bezrukova E. V. , Galeev R F. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is a middle ear disease, characterized by mucous effusion accumulation in its structures. One of the important COME formation mechanism is gastric reflux. Gastric contents reflux into the tympanic cavity which contributes to the irreversible transformation of its mucous membrane.Aim. To substantiate the significance of the gastric reflux in the middle ear mucosa fibrous remodeling.Materials and methods. The study included 96 people diagnosed with COME and concomitant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 54 women and 42 men, in the age range from 18 to 65 years (mean age 51.4 years). All patients underwent tympanostomy tube installation and supervised by an otolaryngologist during 12 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their consent to GERD therapy. The conservative treatment of COME and GERD was carried out in accordance with established and current medical care standards and clinical guidelines for the relevant nosology.Results and discussion. 14 days after the tympanostomy, the otorrhea decrease was noted in 31 (75.6%) of the main group and 31 (56.6%) participants in the comparison group (n = 96).By the end of 12 months observation a positive disease outcome such as exudation reduction and complete tympanic membrane repair was recorded in 35 (83.3%) and 25 (62.5%) patients of both groups respectively (n = 82).Patients with a mixed 34 (35.4%) and non-acid 11 (11.5%) types of reflux showed worse disease outcome rates, just like in patients with COME who delayed GERD treatment 8 (8.3%).Conclusions. The combination of infectious agent exposure causes an active mucous membrane exudation in the disease early stages with mixed and non-acid gastric reflux leads to mucous membrane middle ear fibrous remodeling. It has also been established that an unsuccessful COME treatment duration aggravates the outcome of the disease in the absence of GERD therapy.
Endocrinological aspects of gout
Authors: Panevin T. S. , Kareva E. N. 
Published: May 2024

Gout is the most common inflammatory joint disease, and its incidence increases with age and the presence of certain diseases, primarily obesity and chronic kidney disease, as well as while taking certain medications. Treatment of a patient with gout requires the interaction of a rheumatologist, cardiologist and endocrinologist, and even better, a well-trained therapist who is able to independently supervise gout-related diseases without the involvement of specialized specialists. This review was written to highlight current data on the most common endocrinopathies in gout for practitioners. The data presented indicate the existence of a relationship between gout and various endocrine diseases. The most important aspect is the presence of metabolic syndrome in most patients with gout, the treatment of which also requires taking into account the effect of prescribed drugs on purine metabolism. On the other hand, effects on certain endocrinological diseases can lead to improved purine metabolism. It has been shown that weight loss, including through bariatric means, is accompanied by a decrease in uric acid levels and may be accompanied by a decrease in the need for urate-lowering therapy. Most glucose-lowering drugs affect purine metabolism, and the presence of concomitant gout may determine the specific choice of antidiabetic therapy. Menopause is characterized by an increase in uric acid levels and the incidence of gout. At the same time, the use of menopausal hormone therapy may be accompanied by both a decrease in uric acid levels and the risk of developing gout. Despite the fact that an increase in testosterone levels in men is positively correlated with uric acid levels, its deficiency is accompanied not by a decrease, but by an increase in uric acid levels.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in the treatment of chronic heart failure: new evidence
Authors: Larina V. N. , Leonova M. V. 
Published: May 2024

Rational pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure (HF) remains a relevant issue due to the unfavorable prognosis. Several major studies have confirmed the beneficial effect on reducing hospitalization rates and mortality of modern disease-modifying therapy, including sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors or gliflozins), considered first-line therapy regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and diabetes mellitus in HF patients. The review presents the studied mechanisms of action of this group of drugs in HF, including metabolic, hemodynamic, and other pleiotropic effects, through which SGLT-2 inhibitors prevent the development and progression of HF with different LVEF. The possibilities of the influence of SGLT-2 inhibitors on clinical symptoms and quality of life of HF patients are discussed, as well as the change in the level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a target for rational clinical use justification. The concept of quadruple therapy, depending on the clinical situation, is presented, the basis of which is the rapid and simultaneous initiation of a combina-Rational pharmacotherapy for chronic heart failure (HF) remains a relevant issue due to the unfavorable prognosis. Several major studies have confirmed the beneficial effect on reducing hospitalization rates and mortality of modern disease-modifying therapy, including sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors or gliflozins), considered first-line therapy regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and diabetes mellitus in HF patients. The review presents the studied mechanisms of action of this group of drugs in HF, including metabolic, hemodynamic, and other pleiotropic effects, through which SGLT-2 inhibitors prevent the development and progression of HF with different LVEF. The possibilities of the influence of SGLT-2 inhibitors on clinical symptoms and quality of life of HF patients are discussed, as well as the change in the level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a target for rational clinical use justification. The concept of quadruple therapy, depending on the clinical situation, is presented, the basis of which is the rapid and simultaneous initiation of a combination of major life-saving drug groups (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors / sacubitril + valsartan, SGLT-2 inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists), aimed at improving the clinical condition and prognosis. Thus, a modern, effective approach to managing patients with HF and different LVEF necessarily includes the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors, which have sufficient evidence for their use in this category of patients.
Metabolic activity of the colon microbiota in patients with obesity (pilot research)
Authors: Dushina T. S. , Suplotova L. A. , Klyashev S. M. , Fedoseeva N. N. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The global economic and social burden of obesity requires a clear understanding of the causes and underlying factors contributing to its development which will allow to develop and implement effectively the potential therapeutic pathways to direct influence on the pathology. Recently, in the pathogenesis of obesity, great attention is paid to the state and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, its main interaction with men is performed through short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) – biologically active substances being formed during the anaerobic fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates.Aim. To assess the metabolic activity of the colon microbiota, in terms of quantity and proportion of short-chain fatty acid levels in young obese patients taking into account the degree of obesity in comparison with healthy individuals.Materials and methods. 87 obese patients and 31 subjects with the normal body weight were included in the study. All study participants met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. In addition to filling out a questionnaire specially designed for the goals and objectives of this study, anthropometric measurements were carried out and the level of SCFAs in feces was determined with the help of gas-liquid chromatography usingChromos GC-1000 equipment in the independent INVITRO laboratory.Results. Young obese patients have a higher concentration of SCFAs and SCFA isoforms in feces compared to healthy individuals, while it is statistically significantly higher in the group of patients with BMI more than 40 kg/m2. The proportion of acetate was statistically significantly higher in the normal weight group, while the proportion of propionate was higher in the obese group. No statistical differences were found regarding the proportion of butyrate. In addition, the associations of SCFAs with anthropometric parameters were identified.Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the possible role of SCFA in in pathogenesis of obesity.
Heart failure phenotypes and clinical and laboratory features of patients with type 2 diabetes in inpatient endocrinology and cardiology practice
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Izmaylova M. Ya. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes is a generally recognized risk factor for the development of not only ASCVD, microvascular complications, but also CHF.Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of CHF phenotypes and clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes who are hospitalized in the endocrinology and cardiology departments.Materials and methods. A total of 107 patients with T2DM was included in the analysis. All patients were examined in accordance with the standards and procedures for providing medical care, followed by evaluation of clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators.Results. The average age of these patients was 69.7 ± 9.12 years, the age of onset of type 2 diabetes was 58.9 ± 10 years, the duration of diabetes was 6.5 [4; 17] years. When analyzing the main metabolic parameters, the average HbA1c was 8.18 ± 1.72%, BMI 32 [29; 38] kg/m2. The predominant number of patients with type 2 diabetes had a CHF phenotype with preserved ejection fraction, the proportion of which was 68.22%, 19.63% had HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction and 12.15% – heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Conclusions. The population of patients with type 2 diabetes and CHF, regardless of the specialty of the department, was characterized by a lack of targeted compensation for type 2 diabetes, IR, obesity and a high prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. In the endocrinology department, patients significantly more often had a restrictive phenotype of HF and was characterized by a moderate increase in NTproBNP, with a reduced eGFR, were female, of an older age category, with longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1c levels. All this dictates the high need for integrating SGLT2 inhibitors into patient management regimens. In the cardiology department, a high frequency of the dilated phenotype of CHF with low EF and ischemic heart disease was observed against the background of significantly increased NTproBNP values, significantly more often in males, middle age, with a short duration of diabetes. According to the standards of medical care, such patients require quadruple therapy, one of the mandatory components of which will be iSGLT 2 type.
Evaluation of urate-lowering efficacy of isolated and combined use of febuxostat and empagliflozin in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OPORA Clinical Trial)
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Mazurov V. I. , Novikov I. I. , Minakov A. A. , Reut D. M. , Bashkinov R. A. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Given the increasing frequency of the association of gout and type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to study the impact of modern therapy on their course.Aim. To evaluate the influence of isolated and combined use of febuxostat and empagliflozin on metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods. The “OPORA” study included 120 men aged 40–65 years with the simultaneous presence of gout and type 2 diabetes. The subjects were randomized into 3 groups (n = 40): group 1 (F), receiving febuxostat 80 mg/day; group 2 (E) – empagliflozin 25 mg/day; group 3 (FE) – combination of drugs febuxostat 80 mg/day + empagliflozin 25 mg/day. The studied parameters were analyzed before the appointment of therapy and after 12 weeks of treatment.Results. The decrease in uric acid levels was most significant in group 1 (F) (Δ = 22.3%, p < 0.01). The most pronounced decrease in glucose levels was achieved in group 2 (E) (Δ = 32.2%, p < 0.01) and group 3 (FE) (Δ = 21.6%, p < 0.01). In group 3 (FE) a more significant decrease in insulin levels was revealed (Δ = 26.2%, p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (Δ = 23.0%, p < 0.01) after 3 months. The most significant increase in the level of adiponectin and decrease in the level of leptin was noted in group 3 (FE), p < 0.01. The greatest effect in reducing indicators characterizing inflammation was observed in group 3 (PE) in the form of a significant decrease in the levels of ESR, CRP, TNF-a. After 12 weeks, a decrease in body weight of ~3 kg was noted in groups 2 (E) and 3 (FE).Conclusions. The combination of febuxostat and empagliflozin has an additive effect in positively influencing inflammatory markers and adiponectin levels, without mutual attenuation of urateand glucose-lowering effects.
Exploring urban runoff complexity: road-deposited sediment wash-off mechanisms and dynamics of constraints
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , You Zai-Jin , Idrees Muhammad Bilal , Ali Shoaib , Buttar Noman Ali 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

To accurately figure out how much pollution comes from urban surface runoff and take steps to protect receiving water, we needed to fully understand how road-deposited sediments (RDS) wash off. Our research indicates that particles smaller than 100 μm imparted 59–73% of the wash-off load. Two instances of natural rainfall reduced the aggregate RDS mass by approximately 27–36%. On days without rain, the RDS particle shrank in size, but it became heavier after a downpour. The results showed that the source restricted the tiny particles washed off of RDS, while transport generally restricted the heavier particles washed off. We used 39 artificial rainfall events with different particle sizes to confirm our results on RDS wash-off. When compared to the heavier particles, tiny particles have a greater wash-off percentage, and when it comes to describing the wash-off mechanism, Fw values offer an inventive and insightful assessment. It has been assessed that tiny particles were source-restricted and this mechanism occurred during the initial stage, but heavier particles were transport-restricted and it occurred during the late stage.
Characteristics and causes of water level variations in the Chenglingji–Jiujiang reach of the Yangtze River following the operation of the Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Zhang Guangyue , Tan Guangming , Zhang Wei , Chai Yuanfang , Wang Jingwen , Yin Zhi , Hu Yong 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Water level adjustment downstream of dams significantly impacts river regimes and flood control. However, due to constant strong scouring, our quantitative understanding of the characteristics of water level variations and their causes in the Chenglingji–Jiujiang Reach of the Yangtze River remains limited. Here, we analyzed the water level change trend via the Mann–Kendall method and analyzed geomorphic change and river resistance using 406 cross-sectional profiles as well as data on discharge and water levels from 1991 to 2022. Results showed that the critical conversion discharges (CCD) in the Chenglingji-Hankou Reach and the Hankou-Jiujiang Reach were approximately 35,000 and 30,000 m3/s, respectively, after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam. The water level exhibited an overall decline mainly due to river erosion when the discharge was lower than the CCD. The water level exhibited a nonsignificant upward trend mainly due to increased river resistance (7–20%) when the discharge was higher than the CCD. The obvious increase in the floodwater level in individual years was caused by the effect of downstream water level increase. Our findings further the understanding of downstream geomorphic response to dam operation and their impacts on water levels and have important implications for flood management in such rivers worldwide.
Comparison and evaluation of hydrologic performance of satellite, reanalysis and climate model-based precipitation products in the Upper Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulahi Salih Duri , Husen Sead Burhan , Muleta Alemayehu Hirko 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Some open-source precipitation products offer viable options for hydrological simulation in the absence/limited rain gauge station networks. This study examined the hydrologic performance of reanalysis (CFSR), satellite (CHIRPS) and regional climate model (RACMO22T) based precipitation estimates through Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model. The performance of these precipitation products were evaluated by the graphical and statistical indices such as coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percentage of bias (PBIAS), and mean square error (RMSE) at daily and monthly scales. RACMO22T precipitation product was competent based on all the evaluation statistical indices criteria to simulate flow whereas; CHIRPS and CFSR were unsatisfactory based on the PBIAS and RSME. Flow duration curves indicated that, RACMO22T was able to better estimate high, medium and low flow than CHIRPS and CFSR. The outcome suggested that, RACMO22T is thought to be a more feasible option for the hydrologic simulation than CHIRPS and CFSR in the UARB. Furthermore, the hydrologic performance was improved on monthly scales compared with daily for all precipitation products. The study therefore, suggested that the use of regional climate model-based precipitation products for hydrologic simulation would be of great benefit considering the difficulties in accessing data across and similar basin.
Interplay of natural and anthropogenic inputs on the groundwater contamination of Beenaganj-Chachura block
Authors: Murthy Yogesh , Ahirwar Sanjeev Kumar , Samaiya Nitin Kumar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The present research work investigates the impact of natural and anthropogenic inputs on the chemistry and quality of the groundwater in the Beenaganj-Chachura block of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 50 groundwater samples were examined for nitrates, fluoride, chlorides, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, pH, total hardness, and conductivity, and their impact on entropy-weighted water quality index and pollution index of groundwater (PIG) was investigated via the response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design. According to analytical findings, Ca, Mg, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3− exceed the desired limit and permitted limit set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). According to PIG findings, 76, 16, and 8% of groundwater samples, respectively, fell into the insignificant, low, and moderate pollution categories. The regression coefficients of the quadratic RSM models for the experimental data provided excellent results. Thus, RSM provides an excellent means to obtain the optimized values of input parameters to minimize the PIG values.
LMNB1/CDKN1A Signaling Regulates the Cell Cycle and Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Gao Dute , Guo Huahu , Liu Zhaochen , Bao Liang , Li Suxin , Wang Yunchao , Qiu Jiange , jiang Binghua , Dang Xiaowei 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies
in the world. Lamin B1 (LMNB1) is a key component of the nuclear skeleton structure. Recent
studies have found that LMNB1 is overexpressed in tumor tissues and is associated with the
prognosis of patients. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear in HCC.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of LMNB1
in HCC.

Methods:
The expression level of LMNB1 and its clinical values were analyzed with public
databases, and the level of LMNB1 in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was confirmed by
qRT-PCR and IHC. Functional assays were conducted to explore the impact of LMNB1 knockdown
on cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Genes and Genomes enrichment
analysis, recovery analysis, and ChIP assays were employed to investigate its underlying molecular
mechanisms. Finally, we carried out an analysis of the relationship between LMNB1 and immune
cell infiltration in HCC.

Results:
LMNB1 was found to be overexpressed in HCC and correlated with the pathological
stage and unfavorable prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that LMNB1 promotes HCC proliferation
both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis revealed that LMNB1 promotes the progression
of HCC by regulating CDKN1A expression. Furthermore, the infiltration of immune cells in
HCC tissues suggests a potential correlation between immune infiltration cell markers and the expression
of LMNB1.

result:
LMNB1 was found to be overexpressed in HCC and correlated with the pathological stage and unfavorable prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that LMNB1 promotes HCC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis revealed that LMNB1 promotes the progression of HCC by regulating CDKN1A expression, Furthermore, the infiltration of immune cells in HCC tissues suggests a potential correlation between immune infiltration cell markers and the expression of LMNB1.

Conclusions:
LMNB1 emerged as a promising therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for
HCC, with its expression showing a correlation with several immune infiltration cell markers.