bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapy of Suspected Septicemia in Neonatal Foals Using Plasma‐containing Antibodies to Core Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Whitlock Robert H. 
Published: March 2010

Equine antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was evaluated in a double‐blind prospective study for therapeutic benefit in suspected septicemia in neonatal foals. Forty foals younger than 7 days of age were included in the study by satisfaction of clinical and laboratory criteria, suggestive of gram‐negative septicemia. Twenty‐two foals were treated with core LPS antiserum (plasma produced from horses which were hyperimmunized with rough gram‐negative mutant bacterin) and 18 foals received “nonimmune” plasma (from horses prior to immunization against core LPS). All foals received antimicrobials, fluids, and other supportive care measures, depending on clinical signs and according to accepted current practice. The clinical and laboratory data of each foal were monitored and recorded daily for 14 days after plasma treatment or until death.The overall survival rate of these 40 foals with septicemia was 52.5%. The most prevalent diagnoses in addition to septicemia were enteritis and pneumonia. Of 30 positive bacterial cultures, 93% were due to gram‐negative organisms. There was no statistically significant increase in survival rate in the 22 foals given core LPS antiserum (P± 0.05).
Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Mauldin Guy Neal , Matus Robert E. , Withrow Stephen J. , Patnaik Amiya K. 
Published: March 2010

Osteosarcoma was diagnosed in 38 dogs. Thirty‐six tumors originated from the appendicular skeleton and two from the axial skeleton. Nineteen of the dogs were treated with amputation alone, and 19 were treated with amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin. The 36 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma had complete amputation of the affected limb, whereas the two dogs with osteosarcoma of the axial skeleton had anen blocresection.The mean survival of the 19 dogs treated with amputation alone was 218 days (median, 175 days). Ten dogs were alive at 6 months and four survived 1 year. None of the dogs survived longer than 16 months. Radiographic lesions consistent with metastatic osteosarcoma were seen after surgery in the nine dogs in which radiographs were taken.The mean survival of the 19 dogs treated with amputation and chemotherapy was 415 days (median, 300 days). Drug toxicity was not observed. Fifteen dogs were alive at 6 months, seven dogs were alive at 1 year, 5 dogs were alive at 2 years, and two dogs were alive at 3 years or longer. One dog is alive and well at 25 months. Radiographic lesions suggestive of metastatic osteosarcoma developed in the other 18 dogs. The 19 dogs treated with amputation and chemotherapy had significantly longer survival times than the dogs treated with amputation alone. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1988; 2:177–1805
Thoracic, Abdominal and Vertebral Actinomycosis
Authors: Edwards David F. , Nyland Thomas G. , Weigel Joseph P. 
Published: March 2010

The clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and histologic features and the response to therapy in three dogs with actinomycosis are reported. One dog (dog 1) had a 12‐cm nonresectable mass extending from the ventrolateral chest wall into the left ventricular myocardium. Another dog (dog 2) had a diffuse peritonitis with “sulfur granules‘1and two large masses. One of these masses was nonresectable involving adjacent abdominal structures. A third dog (dog 3) had a subvertebral mass at Ti_3producing quadra‐plegia. Two dogs had periosteal reactions involving adjacent sternebrae (dog 1) or ribs and vertebral bodies (dog 3) that are characteristic ofActinomycesspp infections. In dogs 1 and 2 the diagnosis was based on the morphologic and tinctorial properties of free sulfur granules and/or tissue granules. Culture results were variable. Tissue from dog 1 yielded no growth, while polymicrobial infections, which includedActinomycesspp, were identified in dogs 2 and 3.Actinomyces odontolyticuswas isolated from dog 3.Although the actinomycotic granulomas were either not excised or only partially excised from dogs 1 and 2, both animals were cured by the oral administration of high doses of penicillin G for 19 and 6 months, respectively. Dog 3 responded dramatically to the same antibiotic therapy given for 5 months. However, within4months of discontinuing treatment an abscess and draining fistulous tracts developed in the left axillary region. Two surgical fistulectomies and additional penicillin therapy were required to cure this animal.These cases and the current veterinary and human literature on actinomycosis are used to propose a rational approach to the treatment of actinomycosis in the dog. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1988; 2:184–191)
Investigation of Caval Syndrome in Dogs Experimentally Infected WithDirofilaria immitis
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Keene Bruce W. , McGuirk Sheila M. 
Published: March 2010

Nine of 16 dogs inoculated with 200 infective heartworm larvae developed caval syndrome (CS) of heartworm disease (HWD). There was no difference between dogs that did and did not develop CS with regard to total heartworm burden, burden relative to body weight, or female heartworm burden, indicating that factors other than worm mass are involved in the pathogenesis of CS. Male dogs were twice as frequently affected as females, although this finding was not statistically significant.Dogs afflicted with CS exhibited radiographic, pathologic, and hemodynamic evidence of chronic HWD. In a model of single heartworm exposure, these findings strongly support the theory that CS develops due to retrograde migration of adult worms from the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle to the right atrium and venae cavae.Pulmonary artery pressures were dramatically and significantly greater in dogs with CS (60 ± 18 torr) as compared to non‐CS (30 ± 4 torr) dogs with equal worm burdens.
Evaluation of Citrate‐Phosphate‐ Dextrose‐Adenine as a Storage Medium for Packed Canine Erythrocytes
Authors: Price G. Sylvester , Armstrong P. Jane , McLeod Deborah A. , Babineau Cynthia A. , Metcalf Michael R. , Sellett Louis C. 
Published: March 2010

Packed canine red blood cells (RBCs) stored in the anticoagulant‐preservative solution citrate‐phos‐phate‐dextrose‐adenine (CPDA‐1) were studied at 1,10, 20, 30, and 40 days. The extracellular concentrations of potassium and sodium, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume, and osmotic fragility increased during storage (P <0.05). There was a decrease in the pH, plasma concentration of glucose, and erythrocyte concentrations of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) and adenosine‐5 ‐triphosphate (P <0.05). Erythrocyte 2,3‐DPG concentration decreased by 54% within the first 24 hours of storage (P <0.001). Posttransfusion viability (PTV) decreased from 90% on day 1 to 46% on day 40 (P < 0.05). The PTV of the RBCs stored for 10 and 20 days complied with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standard.Although there are marked biochemical and hematologic changes in stored packed red blood cells (pRBCs), 20‐day‐old units may be expected to be of acceptable quality. The sharp decrease in 2,3‐DPG concentration suggests a reduction in oxygen carrying capacity in erythrocytes stored as pRBCs. Hyperkalemia occurs during storage of pRBCs and does not appear to be associated with high intraeryth‐rocytic potassium concentrations.
Recording of Visual‐Evoked Potentials in Dogs With Scalp Electrodes
Authors: Bichsel Pierre , Jr John E. Oliver , Coulter Dwight B. , Brown J. 
Published: March 2010

Following unsuccessful attempts to record visual‐evoked potentials (VEPs) in dogs with scalp electrodes, adoption of a new stimulation technique seems to be beneficial. Previously, flashes of white light administered after dark adaptation induced relatively high amplitude electroretinograms (ERGs) covering any VEP activity over the surface of the skull. ERG amplitude, however, can be significantly reduced using flashes of red light after light adaptation (mostly cone stimulation). Simultaneous ERG and VEP recording allows identification of VEPs composed of three significantly different negative peaks (N1, N2, and N3) measured in dogs anesthetized with chloralose and halothane. No more than two of the three peaS:s were seen in one recording. Only the N1 and N3 waves were consistently recorded in dogs anesthetized with thiopental and thiopental combined with halothane. In 0% of all recordings, N1 was seen alone. The other VEPs consisted of N1 and N2, or N1 and N3 occurring concurrently. The simultaneous occurrence of N2 and N3 waves, however, was never seen. Among all recordings, N1 was most frequently recorded (85% of measurements), followed by N3 and N2 (38% and 31% of measurements, respectively).Peaks of less than 90 ms are highly reproducible. Anesthesia is necessary to eliminate frequent artifacts obtained in conscious and sedated dogs. Thiopental and/or halothane had no effect on measured latencies compared with chloralose.
Platelet Dysfunction Associated With Immune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia in Dogs
Authors: Kristensen Annemarie T. , Weiss Douglas J. , Klausner Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2010

The effect of antiplatelet antibody on in vitro platelet function was investigated in 15 dogs with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP). Platelet aggregation was assessed after addition of serum from healthy dogs (n = 5) or dogs with ITP (n = 15) to platelet‐rich plasma from a healthy donor dog. The aggregation responses to adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, and collagen/epinephrine were measured as the maximum aggregation observed after 2 minutes. In 13 of 15 dogs with ITP, maximal aggregation was significantly inhibited in response to ADP, thrombin, or collagen/epinephrine. The slope of the aggregation curve was decreased after addition of serum from 9 of 15 patients. A polyclonal rabbit anti—dog platelet antiserum induced inhibition of aggregation with all 3 agonists.Serum from control dogs neither inhibited nor activated platelet aggregation. Aggregation experiments were repeated with all 3 agonists after addition of patient immunoglobulin (lg)G or IgG from a healthy dog to platelet‐rich plasma. The IgG fraction from 9 of 10 dogs with ITP suppressed platelet aggregation. The IgG fraction from polyclonal rabbit anti—dog platelet antiserum inhibited platelet aggregation with all agonists. These results suggest that many canine ITP patients have circulating antibodies that, in addition to causing platelet destruction, may cause platelet dysfunction.
The Effect of Combined Therapy With Captopril, Furosemide, and a Sodium‐Restricted Diet on Serum Electrolyte Concentrations and Renal Function in Normal Dogs and Dogs With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Roudebush Philip , Allen Timothy A. , Kuehn Ned F. , Magerkurth John H. , Bowers Timothy L. 
Published: March 2010

Captopril, furosemide, and a sodium‐restricted diet were administered to 6 normal dogs and 10 dogs with congestive heart failure. Serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function were monitored in both groups. In the normal dogs, no clinically meaningful changes in serum electrolyte, urea nitrogen, or creatinine concentrations developed during therapy with a sodium‐restricted diet and 4 weeks each of furosemide alone, captopril alone, or furosemide plus captopril. Three of 6 normal dogs on furosemide and a sodium‐restricted diet had at least one serum potassium concentration above the reference range during the 4 weeks of observation. One normal dog on captopril, furosemide, and a sodium‐restricted diet developed azotemia, and 2 dogs had serum potassium concentrations above the reference range during the 4 weeks of observation. Ten dogs with congestive heart failure were treated with captopril, furosemide, a sodium‐restricted diet, and digoxin.Etiopathogenesis of the heart failure included valvular insufficiency (n = 6), dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 3), and dilated cardiomyopathy and dirofilariasis (n = 1). Serum electrolyte concentrations and renal function were monitored for 5 consecutive weeks in 7 of the 10 dogs and for 17 weeks or longer in 6. Two dogs were euthanized after 4 weeks because of acute decompensation of heart failure, and one dog developed severe azotemia and uremia. Six of 10 dogs with congestive heart failure had at least one serum potassium concentration above the reference range sometime during the 5 weeks of observation, although the changes in the mean serum potassium concentrations were not statistically significant. Four of 10 dogs with congestive heart failure developed azotemia sometime during the 5 weeks of observation.
Effects of Glucocorticoid Therapy on Urine Protein‐to‐Creatinine Ratios and Renal Morphology in Dogs
Authors: Waters Carrie B. , Adams Larry G. , Scott‐Moncrieff J. Catharine , DeNicola Dennis B. , Snyder Paul W. , White M. Randall , Gasparini Mauro 
Published: March 2010

Glomerulonephritis has been associated with exogenous glucocorticoid administration and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long‐term glucocorticoid therapy on urine protein:creatinine ratios (UP/Cs) and renal morphology. Nine young‐adult male dogs were determined to be healthy and have normal renal function as assessed by physical examination, CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, Knott's test forDirofilaria immitis, urinaly‐sis, urine culture, urine protein electrophoresis, endogenous creatinine clearance, 24‐hour urinary protein excretion, and UP/C. Prednisone was administered to each dog at a dosage of 2.2 mg/kg PO bid for 42 days. Urinalysis and UP/C were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 of treatment. Mean UP/C on day 0 was 0.29 ± 0.10. Mean UP/C increased progressively to a maximum of 1.27 ± 1.02 on day 28. Mean UP/C on day 42 decreased slightly (0.92 ± 0.56) but remained significantly increased above baseline.The most consistent renal light microscopic finding on necropsy examination was generalized hypercellular glomerular tufts, suggestive of mesangial cell proliferation. Four dogs also had occasional adhesions of glomerular tufts to Bowman's capsule, accompanied by thickening of the capsule. Direct immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin deposition was negative in all dogs. Electron microscopy, evaluated in 7 dogs, was characterized by occasional mild segmental thickening of basement membranes, fusion of visceral cell foot processes, and glomerular adhesions. The results of this study indicate that long‐term administration of glucocorticoids results in significant proteinuria and glomerular changes in the dog.
Idiopathic Polyneuropathy in Alaskan Malamutes
Authors: Braund Kyle G. , Shores Andy , Lowrie Chuck T. , Steinberg H. Steven , Moore Michael P. , Bagley Rod S. , Steiss Janet E. 
Published: March 2010

Clinical and morphologic features of a progressive polyneuropathy in young mature Alaskan Malamutes are described. Clinical signs included progressive paraparesis, synchronous pelvic limb gait, exercise intolerance, hyperesthesia, hypore‐flexia, muscle atrophy, and tetraplegia. Electromyographic testing revealed diffuse fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in limb muscles, especially in muscles below the elbow and stifle. Pathologic findings in skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves included neurogenic muscle atrophy, focal or diffuse loss of myelinated nerve fibers, myelinoaxonal necrosis, and variable demyelination or remyelination.Ultrastructural changes included axonal degeneration, presence of numerous Büngner bands, and denervated Schwann cell subunits. The nature and distribution of abnormal electrophysiologic and pathologic findings were suggestive of a distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which we have termed idiopathic polyneuropathy of Alaskan Malamutes to distinguish this condition from hereditary polyneuropathy of Norwegian Alaskan Malamutes, last described in 1982.
Prediction of Serum IgG1 Concentration in Holstein Calves Using Serum Gamma Glutamyltransferase Activity
Authors: Parish Steven M. , Tyler Jeff W. , Besser Thomas E. , Gay Clive C. , Krytenberg Denise 
Published: March 2010

We examined the relationship between serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and serum gamma immunoglobulin G (IgG1) concentration in Holstein calves. Blood samples were collected from calves aged 1 to 3 days. A follow‐up sample was obtained from each calf 2, 7, or 15 days after the initial sampling. Serum GGT activity and lgG1 concentration were measured. Regression models were used to predict lgG1 concentration as a function of age and serum GGT activity measured 2, 7, or 15 days later.Serum GGT activity and calf age at the time of the second sample were directly related to serum IgG1 concentration in the initial sample in calves aged 3 to 17 days (r= .54) and in calves aged 3 to 10 days (r= .63). Models were used to estimate the serum GGT activity equivalent to a serum IgG1 concentration of 1,000 mg/dL. One‐day‐old calves should have serum GGT activities > 200 IU/L. Four‐day‐old calves should have serum GGT activities > 100 IU/L. One‐week‐old calves should have serum GGT activities > 75 IU/L. Calves with serum GGT activities < 50 IU/L should be classified as having failure of passive transfer.
Companion Animal Medicine in the Age of Medical Genetics
Authors: Patterson Donald F. 
Published: March 2010

We'd like to explain what pathology means, In terms of what's wrong with the structure of genes; Know if a control or a structural locus Constitutes the exact pathological focus.With the help of the enzymes that slice DNA, And cloning techniques, we now have a way To study the actual sequence of bases; To know when those purines are not in their places.1
The Effect of Ramipril on Left Ventricular Mass, Myocardial Fibrosis, Diastolic Function, and Plasma Neurohormones in Maine Coon Cats with Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy without Heart Failure
Authors: MacDonald Kristin A. , Kittleson Mark D. , Larson Richard F. , Kass Philip , Klose Tyler , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease of cats, resulting in left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction.Hypothesis:Ramipril will reduce LV mass, improve diastolic function, and reduce myocardial fibrosis in cats with HCM without congestive heart failure (CHF).Animals:This prospective, blinded, placebo‐controlled study included 26 Maine Coon and Maine Coon cross‐bred cats with familial HCM but without CHF.Methods:Cats were matched for LV mass index (LVMI) and were randomized to receive ramipril (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo q24h for 1 year, with investigators blinded. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration, plasma aldosterone concentration, Doppler tissue imaging (DTI), and systolic blood pressure were measured at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was performed to quantify LV mass and myocardial fibrosis by delayed enhancement (DE) cMRI at baseline and 6 and 12 months. Plasma angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured on 16 cats 1 hour after PO administration.Results:Plasma ACE activity was adequately suppressed (97%) in cats treated with ramipril. LV mass, LVMI, DTI, DE, blood pressure, plasma BNP, and plasma aldosterone were not different in cats treated with ramipril compared with placebo (P= .85,P= .94,P= .91,P= .89,P= .28,P= .18, andP= .25, respectively).Conclusion: Treatment of Maine Coon cats with HCM without CHF with ramipril did not change LV mass, improve diastolic function, alter DE, or alter plasma BNP or aldosterone concentrations in a relevant manner.
The Effect of Glucocorticoids on Canine Lymphocyte Marker Expression and Apoptosis
Authors: Ammersbach M.A.G. , Kruth S.A. , Sears W. , Bienzle D. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Glucocorticoids are commonly administered to dogs for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity and cancers such as lymphoma. Despite evidence of clinical efficacy, understanding of the effects of glucocorticoids on cells of the canine immune system is limited.Hypothesis:Glucocorticoids affect the expression of phenotypic markers on canine lymphocytes and induce apoptosis.Animals:Fifteen healthy mixed breed dogs.Methods:Prospective randomized study. Prednisone was administered orally for 3 days, and cells aspirated from the popliteal lymph node before prednisone administration, and on days 1, 3, 10, 17, 24, and 38, were labeled with antibodies against canine CD3, CD4, CD8α, CD18, CD21, CD45, CD45RA, and CD90 molecules, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Additional samples were cultured in media with prednisolone for 24 hours and analyzed by cytometry for marker expression, and by gel electrophoresis for DNA fragmentation.Results:Treatment of dogs with glucocorticoids resulted in reduced (p≤ .05) proportions of CD3 (days 1, 3, 17, and 24), CD4 (days 3 and 10), CD21 (day 1, 3, and 38), CD45RA (day 17) and CD90 (days 1, 10, and 17) expressing lymphocytes, and reduced intensity of CD18 (day 17) and CD45 (day 17 and 24) molecules on nodal lymphocytes. Culture of lymphocytes with prednisolone for 24 hours caused a significant reduction in the expression of all markers (p≤ .05) and DNA fragmentation.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Glucocorticoids significantly alter the expression of phenotypic markers on canine lymphocytes, and in vitro induce apoptosis. These findings identify potential mechanisms for clinical immunosuppression from glucocorticoid treatment.
Dexamethasone, Melphalan, Actinomycin D, Cytosine Arabinoside (DMAC) Protocol for Dogs with Relapsed Lymphoma
Authors: Alvarez Francisco J. , Kisseberth William C. , Gallant Stacey L. , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: March 2010

Background:In general, treatment of relapsed lymphoma is associated with a lower probability of response and shorter duration of remission. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination chemotherapy protocol DMAC (dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin D, and cytosine arabinoside) for reinduction of remission in dogs with relapsed lymphoma.Hypothesis:That DMAC would be an effective reinduction protocol for dogs with relapsed lymphoma.Animals:Fifty‐four dogs.Results: Seventy‐two percent of the dogs achieved remission (44% complete remission [CR] and 28% partial remission [PR]), 11% had stable disease (SD), and 17% had progressive disease (PD). The median remission duration was 61 days (range, 2–467+ days). The median remission durations for dogs with CR, PR, and SD were 112, 44, and 27 days, respectively. Factors that affected the response rate were previous treatment with doxorubicin and an inability to achieve remission with the previous protocol. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 56% of the dogs (grade 1 in 3 dogs, grade 2 in 6 dogs, grade 3 in 7 dogs, and grade 4 in 7 dogs) and neutropenia in 17% of the dogs (grade 2 in 1 dog, grade 3 in 2 dogs, and grade 4 in 4 dogs). Gastrointestinal toxicosis occurred in 22% of the dogs (grades 1 in 5 dogs, grade 2 in 3 dogs, and grade 3 in 1 dog).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The DMAC protocol is an effective rescue protocol for dogs with relapsed multicentric lymphoma. Although thrombocytopenia is a common manifestation of toxicity, in general, the protocol is well tolerated.