bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striving for difference: On the spontaneous preference for ingroup members who maximize ingroup positive distinctiveness
Authors: Castelli Luigi , Carraro Luciana 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrevious research demonstrated that individuals spontaneously prefer ingroup members who display ingroup favoritism rather than egalitarian behaviors (Castelli, Tomelleri, & Zogmaister, 2008). In the current work, we explored what specific strategies toward ingroup favoritism are spontaneously preferred. Results from four studies showed that ingroup members who made it possible for the ingroup to achieve a positive intergroup differentiation were preferred as compared to ingroup members who maximized the absolute gain for the ingroup. Study 5 further demonstrated that in the search for positive distinctiveness people are sensitive to the ratio between the gains of the ingroup and outgroup. Study 6 ruled out a possible alternative explanation. Overall, the current findings indicate that group members who set the difference from an outgroup elicit the most positive spontaneous responses demonstrating that the search for a positive intergroup distinctiveness automatically affects intragroup perception. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the impact of in-ovo exposure to dicofol on avian reproduction
Authors: Kamata Ryo , Shiraishi Fujio , Nakajima Daisuke , Takahashi Shinji , Shimizu Akira 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo assess the possible impact of the currently used organochlorine insecticide, dicofol, on the development and reproduction of avian species, in ovo exposure experiments to its p,p′ and o,p′ isomers were performed using Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs. o,p′-Dicofol (0.3–100 µg/g of egg) and p,p′-dicofol (3–100 µg/g) were injected into the yolk prior to incubation and hatched chicks were raised to adulthood. In ovo treatment with o,p′-dicofol impaired the eggshell-forming ability of female quails after sexual maturity; eggshell strength, mass, and thickness were significantly reduced at minimum dosages of 3, 1, and 0.3 µg/g, respectively. o,p′-Dicofol also caused abnormal development of the right oviduct independently of the dose; even a female exposed at the lowest dose tested (0.3 µg/g) possessed a large right oviduct. Minor but significant mass reductions of both the left oviduct and the testis were observed only at 10 µg/g. In addition, the transcript of a gene encoding cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage in the gonads of male hatchlings was markedly reduced by o,p′-dicofol treatment. p,p′-Dicofol did not have any marked effects on the reproductive systems, although some significant changes in eggshell formation and oviduct morphology were observed. The results indicate that transovarian exposure, especially to o,p′-dicofol, could damage avian reproduction mainly through eggshell thinning. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2316–2322. © 2010 SETAC
Bioaccumulation and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine species from Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Tian Shengyan , Zhu Lingyan , Liu Man 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in invertebrate and fish species collected from Bohai Bay, China in 2007 to 2008. The concentrations of the 16 detected PBDE congeners were in the range of 1.4 to 425 and 2.9 to 767 ng/g lipid for invertebrates and fish, respectively. The summed concentrations of the six major PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154) (Σ6PBDEs) in fish were significantly higher than in invertebrates, while demersal fish concentrations were higher than pelagic fish. The congeners BDE-47, 99, and 100 contributed more in viscera or liver than in muscle, indicating that the metabolic capability of the viscera or liver is greater than that of muscle. The ratio of BDE-47/99 was relatively higher in fish than in invertebrate samples, suggesting a more developed metabolism capacity in fish. Polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners tend to accumulate in viscera or liver rather than in muscle. The fully brominated congener BDE-209 was detected in some species, suggesting that it can be accumulated by organisms. Uptake from sediment may be the major uptake pathway for most brominated PBDEs in benthic species. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2278–2285. © 2010 SETAC
Comparison of the effects of glyphosate and atrazine herbicides on nontarget plants grown singly and in microcosms
Authors: Dalton Rebecca L. , Boutin Céline 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntensification of agriculture and the corresponding increase in herbicide use has led to concern regarding the effects these chemicals may have on nontarget plants of agroecosystems. Current pesticide registration guidelines are focused on testing crop species grown singly in pots under greenhouse conditions and may not provide adequate measures of protection to noncrop species. The objective of the present study was to compare the response of terrestrial and wetland plants to the herbicides glyphosate and atrazine when grown singly in pots versus under different microcosm conditions. Greenhouse microcosms were generally more sensitive than single-species tests. Plants grown for an extended test period or in seminatural field conditions were generally less sensitive to herbicides. Sensitivity was found to be dependent on interactions between species and test conditions. Changes in community structure were observed in herbicide-treated microcosms that would not be predicted from single-species testing. Single-species tests are useful because they are inexpensive, can demonstrate clear dose–response patterns uncomplicated by other factors influencing growth, and are able to provide a measure of the sensitivity of a given species to glyphosate and atrazine. However, they are unable to predict subtle changes in community structure that may have important long-term consequences. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2304–2315. © 2010 SETAC
ESR dating of tooth enamel in Mousterian layer 20, El Castillo, Spain
Authors: Liberda Jonathan J. , Thompson Jeroen W. , Rink W. Jack , Bernaldo de Quirós Federico , Jayaraman Rohit , Selvaretinam Kailash , Chancellor‐Maddison Kerry , Volterra Vito 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNine faunal teeth from layer 20 of El Castillo cave in Cantabrian Spain were dated using electron spin resonance (ESR). Two teeth were rejected due to inconsistent subsample ages, while the remaining teeth yielded a mean age that is consistent with the stratigraphic expectations: 42.7±3.5. Uncertainty in the external γ dose rate results in a potential systematic uncertainty of±6.4ka that should affect all samples equally. The results provide independent confirmation of previously reported 14C ages for layer 20. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of Liver Regeneration and Hepatocyte Proliferation in Hepatocyte-Targeted Glypican 3 Transgenic Mice†
Authors: Liu Bowen , Bell Aaron W. , Paranjpe Shirish , Bowen William C. , Khillan Jaspal S. , Luo Jian-Hua , Mars Wendy M. , Michalopoulos George K. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Glypican 3 (GPC3) belongs to a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. GPC3 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Loss-of-function mutations of GPC3 result in Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, an X-linked disorder characterized by overgrowth of multiple organs, including the liver. Our previous study showed that GPC3 plays a negative regulatory role in hepatocyte proliferation, and this effect may involve CD81, a cell membrane tetraspanin. To further investigate GPC3

in vivo

, we engineered transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing GPC3 in the liver under the control of the albumin promoter. GPC3 TG mice with hepatocyte-targeted, overexpressed GPC3 developed normally in comparison with their nontransgenic littermates but had a suppressed rate of hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Moreover, gene array analysis revealed a series of changes in the gene expression profiles in TG mice (both in normal mice and during liver regeneration). In unoperated GPC3 TG mice, there was overexpression of runt related transcription factor 3 (7.6-fold), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (2.5-fold), GABA A receptor (2.9-fold), and wingless-related MMTV integration site 7B (2.8-fold). There was down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (8.4-fold), Rab2 (5.6-fold), beta-catenin (1.7-fold), transforming growth factor beta type I (3.1-fold), nodal (1.8-fold), and yes-associated protein (1.4-fold). Changes after hepatectomy included decreased expression in several cell cycle–related genes.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that in GPC3 TG mice, hepatocyte overexpression of GPC3 suppresses hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration and alters gene expression profiles, and potential cell cycle–related proteins and multiple other pathways are involved and affected.
Associations Between Serum Lipids and Hepatitis C Antiviral Treatment Efficacy†,‡
Authors: Ramcharran Darmendra , Wahed Abdus S. , Conjeevaram Hari S. , Evans Rhobert W. , Wang Tianyi , Belle Steven H. , Yee Leland J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Approximately one half of patients who undergo antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection do not respond to treatment. African Americans (AAs) are less responsive to treatment than Caucasian Americans (CAs), but the reasons for this disparity are largely unknown. Recent studies suggest that serum lipids may be associated with treatment response. The aims of this study were to evaluate baseline and changes in serum lipids during therapy, determine whether serum lipids are associated with virological response, and assess whether these measures explain the racial difference in efficacy. The study participants were from Virahep-C, a prospective study of treatment-naïve patients with genotype 1 HCV infection who received peginterferon (PEG-IN) alfa-2a plus ribavirin therapy for up to 48 weeks. Fasting serum lipids were analyzed at baseline and during and after therapy in 160 AAs and 170 CAs. A relative risk (RR) model was employed to evaluate characteristics associated with sustained virological response (SVR). Antiviral therapy was associated with changes in serum lipids during and after antiviral therapy, with the changes differing by race and the amount of PEG-IFN taken. Baseline lipid measures independently associated with higher rates of SVR were lower triglyceride and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with an interaction between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and gender. Lipid measures did not contribute significantly to an explanation of the racial difference in SVR.

Conclusion:

Serum lipids are associated with SVR, although these paramaters did not explain the racial difference in treatment response. The results of this study are compatible with proposed biological mechanisms of HCV entry, replication, and secretion, and may underscore new potential therapeutic targets for HCV eradication.
The double spiral of change—experiences of privatization in a Swedish hospital
Authors: Engström Agneta Kullén , Axelsson Runo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesPrivatization is a trend in countries with a public health system. It involves organizational change, a cultural transformation and changes for the employees as well as a more strictly controlled work. The objective of this study is to describe, analyse and interpret how privatization is perceived by the employees of a health care organization in Sweden.Methodology In‐depth interviews have been performed with physicians, paramedics, secretaries, nurses, assistant nurses and local managers, in all 14 respondents, after a private entrepreneur had taken over the management of a hospital. The interviews were tape‐recorded and have been analysed and interpreted following a grounded theory approach.Findings The transcribed interviews show that trust is a core category and linked with emotions, commitment and security. The analysis shows that employees' experience of privatization within a health care organization differs and is full of nuances and complexities.
Conclusion A simultaneous virtuous and a vicious circle of experiences and reactions may describe how employees experience privatization. It can also be concluded that leadership is an important factor in the success of organizational change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental isotopic and hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater systems in Daying and Qicun geothermal fields, Xinzhou Basin, Shanxi, China
Authors: Han Dongmei , Liang Xing , Currell Matthew J. , Song Xianfang , Chen Zongyu , Jin Menggui , Liu Changming , Han Ying 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe conceptual hydrogeological model of the low to medium temperature Daying and Qicun geothermal fields has been proposed, based on hydrochemical characteristics and isotopic compositions. The two geothermal fields are located in the Xinzhou basin of Shanxi, China and exhibit similarities in their broad‐scale flow patterns. Geothermal water is derived from the regional groundwater flow system of the basin and is characterized by Cl·SO4‐Na type. Thermal water is hydrochemically distinct from cold groundwater having higher total dissolved solids (TDS) (>0·8 g/l) and Sr contents, but relatively low Ca, Mg and HCO3 contents. Most shallow groundwater belongs to local flow systems which are subject to evaporation and mixing with irrigation returns. The groundwater residence times estimated by tritium and 14C activities indicate that deep non‐thermal groundwater (130–160 m) in the Daying region range from modern (post‐1950s) in the piedmont area to more than 9·4 ka BP (Before Present) in the downriver area and imply that this water belong to an intermediate flow system. Thermal water in the two geothermal fields contains no detectable active 14C, indicating long residence times (>50 ka), consistent with this water being part of a large regional flow system. The mean recharge elevation estimated by using the obtained relationship Altitude (m) = − 23·8 × δ2H (‰ ) − 121·3, is 1980 and 1880 m for the Daying and Qicun geothermal fields, respectively. The annual infiltration rates in the Daying and Qicun geothermal fields can be estimated to be 9029 × 103 and 4107 × 103 m3/a, respectively. The variable 86Sr/87Sr values in the thermal and non‐thermal groundwater in the two fields reflect different lithologies encountered along the flow path(s) and possibly different extents of water‐rock interaction. Based on the analysis of groundwater flow systems in the two geothermal fields, hydrogeochemical inverse modelling was performed to indicate the possible water‐rock interaction processes that occur under different scenarios. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating nitrate uptake in a Rocky Mountain stream using labelled 15N and ambient nitrate chemistry
Authors: Hubbard K. A. , Lautz L. K. , Mitchell M. J. , Mayer B. , Hotchkiss E. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground aqueous chemistry and 15Nnitrate tracer injection methods were used to calculate in‐stream nitrate uptake metrics at Red Canyon Creek, a third‐order stream in the Rocky Mountains in the state of Wyoming, United States. ‘Net’ nitrate uptake lengths, which reflect both nitrate uptake and regeneration, and ‘gross’ nitrate uptake lengths, which exclude re‐mineralization, were quantified separately from background nitrate chemistry and 15N labelling tracer data, respectively. Gross nitrate uptake lengths, from tracer injections of 15N labelled nitrate, ranged from 502 to 3140 m. Net nitrate uptake lengths, from background nitrate chemistry downstream of a point source, ranged from 1170 to 4330 m. Diurnal changes in uptake lengths suggest the importance of nitrate utilization by autotrophs in the stream and benthic zone. The differences between net and gross nitrate uptake lengths along lower reaches of Red Canyon Creek allowed us to estimate the nitrate regeneration rate, which was 0·056–0·080 µmol m−2 s−1 during the day and 0·0062–0·0083 µmol m−2 s−1 at night. Spatial patterns of streambed pore water chemistry indicate those areas of the hyporheic zone where denitrification was likely occurring. Permanent log dams generated stronger redox gradients in the hyporheic zone than areas with transient beaver dams. By combining isotopically labelled nitrate additions, estimates of uptake from background aqueous nitrate chemistry and characterization of redox conditions in the hyporheic zone, we were able to determine the nitrate regeneration rate and the redox processes responsible for nitrogen cycling in the hyporheic zone. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural evolution during ice‐sphere sintering
Authors: Chen Si , Baker Ian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo‐dimensional ice‐sphere arrays were produced in a cold room and studied as a geometrically simplified model of dry snow aggregates. The structural evolution of the ice‐sphere arrays under either a quasi‐isothermal condition or a temperature gradient was examined temporally. Two observational techniques were combined for the structural characterization. Optical microscopy was used to perform periodic observations, whereas scanning electron microscopy was used to both acquire high‐resolution images and confirm the hexagonal crystal structure. Different thermal conditions led to the development of different morphologies of necks between two ice spheres by affecting the water vapour transfer in the pore spaces and the sublimation–condensation of water molecules. The microstructure of necks could also play a significant role in the structure development at later times by inducing or enhancing the local temperature gradient. This feature was discussed on the basis of steady‐state heat transfer modelling of a two‐sphere structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of connective tissue growth factor/CCN2 expression in human dermal fibroblasts by interleukin‐1α and β
Authors: Nowinski D. , Koskela A. , Kiwanuka E. , Boström M. , Gerdin B. , Ivarsson M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a matricellular protein induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and intimately involved with tissue repair and overexpressed in various fibrotic conditions. We previously showed that keratinocytes in vitro downregulate TGF‐β‐induced expression of CTGF in fibroblasts by an interleukin (IL)‐1 α‐dependent mechanism. Here, we investigated further the mechanisms of this downregulation by both IL‐1α and β. Human dermal fibroblasts and NIH 3T3 cells were treated with IL‐1α or β in presence or absence of TGF‐β1. IL‐1 suppressed basal and TGF‐β‐induced CTGF mRNA and protein expression. IL‐1α and β inhibited TGF‐β‐stimulated CTGF promoter activity, and the activity of a synthetic minimal promoter containing Smad 3‐binding CAGA elements. Furthermore, IL‐1α and β inhibited TGF‐β‐stimulated Smad 3 phosphorylation, possibly linked to an observed increase in Smad 7 mRNA expression. In addition, RNA interference suggested that TGF‐β activated kinase1 (TAK1) is necessary for IL‐1 inhibition of TGF‐β‐stimulated CTGF expression. These results add to the understanding of how the expression of CTGF in human dermal fibroblasts is regulated, which in turn may have implications for the pathogenesis of fibrotic conditions involving the skin. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1226–1233, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placental specializations of the mountain spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovi
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Gavelis Gregory S. , Anderson Kristie E. , Johnson Amy R. , Dunlap Kent D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe lizard Sceloporus jarrovi (Phrynosomatidae) is one of the most widely studied viviparous reptiles of North America. Past research has assumed that placentation in this species is relatively simple and functions mainly in gas exchange. Our examination of the late stage placenta via transmission electron microscopy reveals that S. jarrovi has a unique combination of placental characteristics, with unusual specializations for secretion and absorption. In the chorioallantoic placenta, chorionic and uterine tissues are directly apposed through eggshell loss, and their epithelia are greatly attenuated, enhancing gas exchange; this placenta shows evidence of both nutrient transfer and endocrine function. Contrary to past inferences, a yolk sac placenta forms from the avascular omphalopleure and persists through the end of gestation. The uterine epithelium is enlarged and secretory, and the fetal omphalopleure shows branching absorptive channels and other specializations for uptake. Elsewhere, the omphalopleure develops elongated folds that protrude into a coagulum of degenerating shell membrane and other organic material. Uterine tissue in this region shows specializations for absorption. Placental features in S. jarrovi have unexpected functional implications, and challenge assumptions that specializations for nutrient transfer are confined to matrotrophic species. J. Morphol. 271:1153–1175, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of primary bond scissions by mass spectrometric analysis of ultrasonic degradation products of poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐propylene oxide) copolymers
Authors: Watanabe Takehiro , Okabayashi Masanori , Kurokawa Daisuke , Nishimoto Yukari , Ozawa Tomoyuki , Kawasaki Hideya , Arakawa Ryuichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUltrasonic degradation of poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐propylene oxide) copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion was studied with the aim to determine the location of bonds involved in the initial scission of the copolymers. LC–APCI‐IT‐MS and LC–APCI‐orbitrap‐MS were used for the detailed structural analysis of degradation products. The results indicated that initial bond scissions occurred principally at the boundary regions between backbones of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) chains. Further structural analysis revealed the presence of oxygen adducts in the degradation products. Comparison with a thermal degradation carried out in helium atmosphere, one can conclude that the oxygen adducts are formed by radical reaction with water or dissolving oxygen molecules. The study demonstrated that chemical reactions as well as physical bond stress scissions are involved in the ultrasonic degradation of the copolymers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of the spinal excitability by muscle metabosensitive afferent fibers
Authors: Laurin Jérôme , Dousset Erick , Decherchi Patrick 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the effect of chemical activation of muscle metabosensitive afferent fibers from groups III and IV on Hoffmann (H‐) reflex modulation in the vastus medialis muscle. The experiment was conducted in rats and was divided into two experiments. The first experiment consisted of recording the metabosensitive afferent activity from femoral nerve in rats in response to KCl intraarterial injections in nontreated adults and adults treated neonatally with capsaicin. Thus, the dose‐response curve was determined. The second experiment consisted of eliciting the H‐ and M‐waves before and after KCl injection in nontreated adult animals and those treated neonatally with capsaicin. Thus, the Hmax/Mmax ratio was measured. Results indicated that, 1) in nontreated animals, afferent fibers peak discharge was found after 10 mM KCl injection; 2) no significant increase in afferent discharge rate was found in capsaicin‐treated animal after KCl injections, confirming that capsaicin is an excitotoxic agent that had destroyed the thin metabosensitive nerve fibers; 3) in nontreated animals, Hmax/Mmax ratio was significantly attenuated after a 10 mM KCl injection activating metabosensitive afferent fibers; and 4) in capsaicin‐treated animals, no significant change in Hmax/Mmax ratio was observed after the KCl injection. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the spinal reflex response was influenced by metabosensitive muscle fibers and provide direct evidence that activation of these fibers could partially explain the reported decrease in H‐reflex when metabolites are released in muscle. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.