bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When different means bad or merely worse. How minimal and maximal goals affect ingroup projection and outgroup attitudes
Authors: Berthold Anne , Mummendey Amélie , Kessler Thomas , Luecke Bastian , Schubert Thomas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGroup members tend to perceive their ingroup relative to an outgroup as more prototypical for a common superordinate group because they project features of their ingroup onto the superordinate group. As a consequence, the ingroup is perceived as more positive than the outgroup (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999). We extend the ingroup projection model by examining different types of ingroup goals: minimal and maximal goals as well as actual and ideal goals. Minimal goals should engender either‐or thinking and lead to more ingroup projection compared with maximal goals that should involve more nuanced thinking. Ingroup prototypicality in terms of ideal goals (e.g., what we ideally should strive for) was expected to show a stronger relation to outgroup attitudes than ingroup prototypicality in terms of actual goals (e.g., what we are actually striving for). We manipulated minimal and maximal goal orientation and assessed actual and ideal goals. Across two studies, relative ingroup prototypicality was higher in the minimal compared with the maximal goal condition. Moreover, ingroup prototypicality referring to ideal goals showed a stronger relation to outgroup evaluation than ingroup prototypicality referring to actual goals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary findings for the production of water repellent torrefied wood pellets with pyrolysis oil
Authors: Penmetsa Venkata K. , Steele Philip H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTorrefaction of biomass has attracted considerable attention as a means to reduce biomass weight by 70% through removal of water and the hemicellulosic fractions while retaining most of the original high‐energy cellulose and lignin content. Current torrefied wood pellets or briquettes cannot be shipped in open containers exposed to precipitation because they are not highly water resistant. A highly water repellent pelletized product is required to allow bulk shipping of torrefied wood pellets or briquettes via open railcar or by barge. We have recently developed a binder produced from biomass components that imparts the water repellent quality required to produce a torrefied product that is able to be shipped in open containers. Crushing strength of the pellets produced with this binder are high at between approximately 700 and 1100 psi. Water repellency tests indicate that upon total immersion the pellets absorb water into available pores up to 2–5%. The pellets can then be dried without unacceptable loss of strength. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Heat transfer characteristics of KIMM‐fast pyrolysis reactor
Authors: Choi Hang Seok , Choi Yeon Seok 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNumerical study using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of an innovative inclined gravity‐driven reactor (KIMM‐fast pyrolysis reactor). For the simulation of multiphase flow and thermal fields, we applied an Eulerian–Eulerian approach. The flow and thermal characteristics of the reactor were fully investigated with varying inlet width, inlet location, and inclined angle of the reactor. In particular, the contributions of the solid particle flows on the wall heat transfer were studied. To scrutinize the wall heat transfer, time‐averaged wall heat transfer coefficient was obtained and probability density function between gas volume fraction and wall heat transfer coefficient was analyzed. From the predicted results, it is fully elucidated that the particle packing density and gas volume fraction mainly govern the wall heat transfer, which are closely related to particular near‐wall solid motions. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2012
Family‐based Early Intervention for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Jones Megan , Völker Ulrike , Lock James , Taylor C. Barr , Jacobi Corinna 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study explores whether potential risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) can be modified by a family‐based Internet‐facilitated intervention and examines the feasibility, acceptability, and short‐term efficacy of the Parents Act Now programme in the USA and Germany.MethodForty‐six girls aged 11–17 were studied during a 12‐month period and evaluated at screening, baseline, and post‐intervention. Parents participated in the six‐week intervention.ResultsTwenty‐four per cent of girls (n = 791) screened met the risk criteria for AN. Parents accessed the majority of the online sessions and rated the programme favourably. At post‐assessment, 16 of 19 participants evidenced reduced risk status. Participants remained stable or increased in ideal body weight and reported decreased eating disorder attitudes and behaviours.DiscussionResults suggest that an easily disseminated, brief, online programme with minimal therapist support is feasible, accepted favourably by parents, and may be beneficial for prevention of exacerbation of AN pathology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Revision und Phylogenie der Arten der Gattung Melica L. (Poaceae) in Eurasien und Nordafrika
Authors: Hempel Werner 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDie Studie präsentiert eine monographische Revision der Gattung Melica in Eurasien. Viele Sippen konnten auf Forschungsreisen in die zentralasiatischen und kaukasischen Republiken sowie in die Mongolei in Feldstudien analysiert werden. Später fogten weitere Feldstudien auch auf den Kanaren, in Frankreich, Italien, Griechenland und auf Kreta, so dass ein Überblick über viele Sippen in ihren Lebensräumen gewonnen werden konnte. Dabei standen Morphologie, Anatomie und Systematik im Vordergrund. Eine wesentliche Grundlage der Arbeit ist die Analyse von 15.000 Herbarbelegen. Die Bearbeitung umfasst dichotome Bestimmungsschlüssel von den Untergattungen bis zu den den untersten verwendeten taxonomischen Einheiten. Erstmals wurde auch die gesamte russische Literatur in eine derartige Monographie einbezogen. Insgesamt werden 119 Taxa beschrieben und geschlüsselt. Darüber hinaus werden Schlussfolgerungen zur Evolution und Phylogeographie diskutiert und in 9 Schemata dargestellt. Alle Taxa werden in ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen abgebildet und ihre Verbreitung in Arealkarten dargestellt. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MC1R, ASIP, TYR, and TYRP1 gene variants in a population‐based series of multiple primary melanomas
Authors: Helsing Per , Nymoen Dag A , Rootwelt Helge , Vårdal Mari , Akslen Lars A. , Molven Anders , Andresen Per A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAllelic variants of the low‐penetrance melanoma gene MC1R increase the risk of both melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. Common variants of the genes ASIP, TYR, and TYRP1, which regulate the melanogenic pathway, have also been shown to associate with melanoma. In this population‐based study, we investigated SNPs of MC1R, ASIP, TYR, and TYRP1 as risk factors for development of multiple primary melanomas (MPM) in 388 Norwegian cases. The MPM patients had a significantly higher likelihood of carrying any MC1R variant than the control group of 420 blood donors [86.8 vs. 78.3%, OR = 1.73, and confidence intervals (CI) 1.18–2.52]. When MC1R variants were analyzed individually, Asp84Glu and Arg151Cys were significantly more frequent among the MPM cases than among the controls (OR = 5.77, CI 1.97–16.90, and OR = 1.80, CI 1.36–2.37, respectively). In addition, there was an allele dose‐dependent increase in MPM risk for carriers of red hair color (RHC) MC1R variants. The AH haplotype of ASIP was also a significant risk factor for MPM development (OR = 1.72 and CI 1.12–2.49), whereas no association was observed for previously reported risk variants of the TYR and TYRP1 genes. In summary, by using a population‐based material of high‐risk melanoma cases, we demonstrate a significant effect of both MC1R RHC variants and an ASIP haplotype, but could not replicate an association with postulated risk SNPs of TYR and TYRP1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic and clinical analysis of fusion gene amplification in rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Duan Fenghai , Smith Lynette M. , Gustafson Donna M. , Zhang Chune , Dunlevy Mandy J. , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Barr Frederic G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric cancer of the myogenic lineage with frequent chromosomal translocations involving the PAX3 or PAX7 and FOXO1 genes. Based on previous studies indicating that the fusion genes are amplified in a subset of these cancers, we conducted a comprehensive molecular and clinical investigation of these amplification events. Using oligonucleotide arrays to localize amplicons, we found that the minimal 1p36 amplicon measured 0.13 Mb and only contained PAX7 whereas the minimal 13q14 amplicon measured 0.53 Mb and contained FOXO1 and the poorly characterized LOC646982 gene. Application of a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to over 100 fusion‐positive cases revealed that the fusion gene is amplified in 93% of PAX7‐FOXO1‐positive and 9% of PAX3‐FOXO1‐positive cases. While most cells in amplified PAX7‐FOXO1‐positive cases contained the amplicon, only a fraction of cells in the amplified PAX3‐FOXO1‐positive cases contained the amplicon. Expression studies demonstrated that the fusion transcripts were generally expressed at higher levels in amplified cases, and that the PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion transcript was expressed at higher levels than the PAX3‐FOXO1 fusion transcript. Finally, fusion gene amplification and PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion status were each associated with significantly improved outcome; a multivariate analysis demonstrated that this predictive value was independent of other standard prognostic parameters. These findings therefore provide further evidence for a novel good prognosis subset of fusion‐positive RMS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retinotopic mapping of the peripheral visual field to human visual cortex by functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi , Zhang Zhen , Jin Fengzhe , Guo Qiyong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRetinotopic mapping is a key property of organization in the human occipital cortex. The retinotopic organization of the central visual field of visual areas V1, V2, and V3 has been well established. We used fMRI to measure the retinotopic map of the peripheral visual field (eccentricity up to 60°). We estimated the sizes of the visual areas between 0° and 60° and obtained results consistent with anatomical studies. We also estimated the cortical distances and magnification factors for reconstruction of the retinotopic map using the peripheral wedge dipole model. By comparing the retinotopic map with the flattened surface, we analyzed the datasets used to reconstruct the map. We found that: (1) the percentage of the striate cortex devoted to peripheral vision in humans is significantly larger than that in the macaque, (2) the estimate of the scaling factor in linear magnification is larger than that found in previous studies focusing on central vision, and (3) the estimate of the peripheral factor in the dipolar model is too large to make the curve direction of the dipolar map in the periphery equivalent to that in the center. On the basis of our results, we revised the dipolar map to fit our conditions. The revised map in humans has a similar elliptical shape to that of macaques, and the central parts of the two species are the same. The different parts of the map are the peripheral regions, for which the peripheral wedge dipole model in humans is reversed compared to that of macaques. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interindividual variation in serum cholesterol is associated with regional white matter tissue integrity in older adults
Authors: Williams Victoria J. , Leritz Elizabeth C. , Shepel Juli , McGlinchey Regina E. , Milberg William P. , Rudolph James L. , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Salat David H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated links among vascular health and the occurrence of stroke, mild cognitive decline, and dementia in older adults. However, little is known about whether normal variation in vascular indicators may be related to changes in neural tissue integrity. Even less is known about how the brain is affected by cholesterol levels in the normal to moderate risk range, leading up to overt disease pathology. This study examined associations between serum lipid levels and DTI indicators of white matter (WM) structural integrity in a sample of 125 generally healthy older adults aged 43–87 years. Whole‐brain voxelwise analysis, controlling for age and gender, revealed low density lipoprotein levels (LDL) as the most robust correlate of regional WM structural integrity of the measured lipids. Higher LDL was associated with decreased WM integrity in right frontal and temporal regions, the superior longitudinal fasciculus and internal/external capsules. Increasing LDL was associated with increased radial and axial diffusivity; however, more widespread statistical effects were found for radial diffusivity. These findings suggest that normal interindividual variation in lipid levels is associated with compromised regional WM integrity, even in individuals below clinical thresholds for hyperlipidemia. Given the prevalence of cholesterol‐associated sequelae in older adults, and mounting evidence suggesting a vascular role in the etiology of dementia, the current data suggest that understanding the relationship between cholesterol and brain tissue microstructure may have important clinical implications for early detection of vascular‐related cognitive disorders and optimal regulation of serum lipids to maintain neural health in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential roles of inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex in task switching: Evidence from stimulus‐categorization switching and response‐modality switching
Authors: Philipp Andrea M. , Weidner Ralph , Koch Iring , Fink Gereon R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe used fMRI to investigate both common and differential neural mechanisms underlying two distinct types of switching requirements, namely switching between stimulus categorizations (color vs. form) and switching between response modalities (hand vs. foot responses). Both types of switching induced similar behavioral shift costs. However, at the neural level, switching between stimulus categorizations led to left‐hemispheric activations including the inferior frontal gyrus as well as the intraparietal sulcus extending to the superior parietal gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus. In contrast, switching between response modalities was associated mainly with left‐hemispheric activation of the intraparietal sulcus and the supramarginal gyrus. A conjunction analysis indicated common activation of the left intraparietal sulcus and the supramarginal gyrus for both types of switching. Together, these results qualify previous claims about a general role of the left prefrontal cortex in task control by suggesting that the left inferior frontal gyrus is specifically involved in switching between stimulus categorizations, whereas parietal cortex is more generally implicated in the selection of action rules. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and antiosteoclast activity of Di(1‐oxo/thioxoperhydro‐1λ5‐[1,3,2] diazaphospholo [1,5‐a]pyridine‐1‐yl) (4‐substituted phenyl) boronates
Authors: Reddy G. Chandra Sekhar , Reddy M. Veera Narayana , Rani C. Radha , Reddy N. Bakthavatchala , Rao K. Uma Maheswara , Nayak S.K. , Reddy C. Suresh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new family of di(1‐oxo/thioxoper‐hydro‐1λ5‐[1,3,2]diazaphospholo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐1‐yl)(4‐substituted phenyl) boronates (4a–j) has been synthesized in a two‐step process. A reaction of (±)‐piperidin‐2‐yl‐methanamine (1) phosphoryl/phosphorothioyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in dry tetrahydrofuran formed the intermediate monochloride (2), which on condensation with p‐substituted phenylboronic acids (3a–j) afforded the titled compounds (4a–j). They were characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass spectral analyses. All these compounds showed moderate to high antiosteoclast and osteoblast activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:247–253, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21010
CCR5 plays an important role in resolving an inflammatory response to single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Roh Jinkyu , Kim Soo Nam , Kim Younghun , Han Sang‐Bae , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTOwing to the development of new materials and technology, the pollutants in the environment are becoming more varied and complex over time. In our previous study using ICR mice, we suggested that a single intratracheal instillation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) induced early lung fibrosis and subchronic tissue damage. In the present study, to investigate the role of CCR5 in inflammatory responses to the uptake of SWCNTs, we compared BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) cell composition, cell cycles, cytokines, cell phenotypes, inflammatory response‐related proteins, cell surface receptors and histopathology using CCR5 knockout (KO) and wild‐type mice. Results showed that the distribution of neutrophils in BAL fluid significantly decreased in KO mice. The expression of apoptosis‐related proteins including caspase‐3, p53, phospho‐p53, p21 and cleaved PARP, TGF βl and mesothelin markedly increased in KO mice compared with wild‐type mice. Histopathological lesions were also more frequently noted in KO mice. Moreover, the secretion of IL‐13 and IL‐17 with IL‐6 significantly increased in KO mice compared with wild‐type mice, whereas that of IL‐12 significantly decreased in comparison to wild‐type mice. The distribution of B cells and CD8+ T cells was predominant in the inflammatory responses in KO mice, whereas that of T cells and CD4+ T cells was predominant in the inflammatory responses in wild‐type mice. Furthermore, the expression of CCR4 and CCR7 significantly increased in KO mice. Based on these results, we suggest that the absence of CCR5 delays the resolution of inflammatory responses triggered by SWCNTs inflowing into the lungs and shifts inflammatory response for SWCNTs clearance from Th1‐type to Th2‐type. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of nanometer smoothness and fibronectin immobilization of titanium surface on MC3T3‐E1 cell behavior
Authors: Yoshida Eiji , Yoshimura Yoshitaka , Uo Motohiro , Yoshinari Masao , Hayakawa Tohru 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical treatment, namely, nanometer smoothing (Ra: approximately 2.0 nm) and sandblasting (Ra: approximately 1.0 μm), as well as biochemical treatment, namely, fibronectin immobilization, of a titanium surface on osteoblast‐like cell behavior. Cell proliferation was monitored by measurements of DNA content and ALP activity; osteocalcin production and mineralization behavior were also evaluated, in addition to morphological observation of attached cells. Fibronectin could be immobilized by the tresyl chloride‐activation method. A sandblasted surface resulted in significantly more DNA than a nanometer‐smooth surface, but fibronectin immobilization did not result in a significant increase of DNA at 52 days of cell culture. The nanometer‐smooth surface showed highest ALP activity and osteocalcin production. FN immobilization decreased ALP activity for the nanometer‐smooth surface, but increased it for the sandblasted surface. The nanometer‐smooth surface also showed the highest osteocalcin production. Scanning electron microscopy showed interesting phenomena of the attached cells. Attached cell area was more rapidly increased on the nanometer‐smooth surface than on the sandblasted surface. It was suggested that cultured cells on the nanometer‐smooth surface began to spread earlier and that the proportion of spreading cells among total attached cells increased sooner on the nanometer‐smooth surface than on the sandblasted rough surface. It appeared that FN immobilization influenced the arrangement of attached cells. In conclusion, the nanometer‐smooth surface employed in the present study was beneficial for the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. FN immobilization influenced the morphologies of attached cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.
Monocyte proliferation and differentiation to osteoclasts is affected by density of collagen covalently bound to a poly(dimethyl siloxane) culture surface
Authors: Shafieyan Yousef , Tiedemann Kerstin , Goulet Andrew , Komarova Svetlana , Quinn Thomas M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOsteoclast differentiation is affected by substrate characteristics and environmental conditions; these parameters are therefore of interest for understanding bone remodeling. As a step toward osteoclast mechanotransduction experiments, we aimed to optimize conditions for osteoclast differentiation on extendable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates. Because cells attach poorly on PDMS alone, chemical modification by covalent attachment of collagen type I was performed. Effects of collagen surface concentrations on monocyte fusion and osteoclast differentiation were examined. Osteoclasts differentiated on modified PDMS were fewer in number (by ∼50%) than controls on polystyrene physically modified by nonspecific attachment of collagen, and exhibited somewhat different morphologies. Nevertheless, for certain choices of the chemical modification procedures, appropriate differentiation on PDMS was still evident by qRT‐PCR analysis for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) and cathepsin K (CTSK) gene expression, positive TRAP staining, fluorescent phalloidin staining showing actin ring formation and bone resorption assays. At relatively high collagen surface densities, monocyte clumps appeared on PDMS suggesting substrate‐induced alterations to monocyte fusion. Covalently bound collagen can therefore be used to promote osteoclast differentiation on extendable PDMS substrates. Under appropriate conditions osteoclasts retain similar functionality as on polystyrene, which will enable future studies of osteoclast interactions with microstructured surfaces and mechanostimulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2012.