bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a new artificial intelligence‐aided method to assess body composition CT segmentation in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Cao Ke , Yeung Josephine , Arafat Yasser , Qiao Jing , Gartrell Richard , Master Mobin , Yeung Justin M. C. , Baird Paul N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of our own artificial intelligence (AI)‐generated model to assess automated segmentation and quantification of body composition‐derived computed tomography (CT) slices from the lumber (L3) region in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.MethodsA total of 541 axial CT slices at the L3 vertebra were retrospectively collected from 319 patients with CRC diagnosed during 2012–2019 at a single Australian tertiary institution, Western Health in Melbourne. A two‐dimensional U‐Net convolutional network was trained on 338 slices to segment muscle, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Manual reading of these same slices of muscle, VAT and SAT was created to serve as ground truth data. The Dice similarity coefficient was used to assess the U‐Net‐based segmentation performance on both a validation dataset (68 slices) and a test dataset (203 slices). The measurement of cross‐sectional area and Hounsfield unit (HU) density of muscle, VAT and SAT were compared between two methods.ResultsThe segmentation for muscle, VAT and SAT demonstrated excellent performance for both the validation (Dice similarity coefficients >0.98, respectively) and test (Dice similarity coefficients >0.97, respectively) datasets. There was a strong positive correlation between manual and AI segmentation measurements of body composition for both datasets (Spearman's correlation coefficients: 0.944–0.999, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCompared to the gold standard, this fully automated segmentation system exhibited a high accuracy for assessing segmentation and quantification of abdominal muscle and adipose tissues of CT slices at the L3 in CRC patients.
Root systems of peanut cultivars respond differently to soil P availability to improve P uptake
Authors: Cordeiro Carlos Felipe dos Santos , Echer Fábio Rafael , Rosolem Ciro Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is regarded as a crop with high nutrient use efficiency, but there may be differences between cultivars. Furthermore, there is little information on the strategy of peanut cultivars to adapt to soil P availability and to what extent they explore non‐labile P pools.AimsOur objective was to evaluate growth, root morphology, enzymatic activity in the rhizosphere, and P uptake of peanut cultivars grown under different soil P status.MethodsThe study was conducted in a greenhouse in 6‐L pots. Soils with low P (without fertilization) and high P content (with fertilization) and seven peanut cultivars of different origins, different maturation groups, and release years were investigated. Peanut shoot yield, phosphorus uptake, root growth, soil P fractions as well as phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil were determined.ResultsIn P‐deficient soil, a higher dry matter yield was associated with longer root hairs and root length, which resulted in decreased soil non‐labile P was observed mainly with cultivars developed in Argentina (ARG‐medium‐old and ARG‐medium‐new) and the late maturity Brazilian cultivar (BR I‐late new). These cultivars adapted well to P deficiency and were less dependent on labile P. New Brazilian early and medium maturity cultivars developed less, shorter root hairs, and showed low acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere under P deficiency, resulting in lower P uptake and dry matter yield. Under high P availability, new Brazilian cultivars of medium and late maturity showed the highest dry matter yield (9.0 and 9.8 g plant−1, respectively) and longest roots, around 120 m plant−1. High P availability decreased root hairs in all cultivars.ConclusionOverall, the adaptation of peanut cultivars to P‐deficient soils was lower for the new mid‐ and early‐maturing Brazilian cultivars compared with the Argentinian and old or late‐maturing Brazilian cultivars. The main strategies of P‐efficient cultivars under low P availability are to increase root length, root hair length, and root hair density.
Development of sensory tools for green rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) and changes in quality attributes during shelf‐life storage
Authors: de Beer Dalene , Human Chantelle , du Preez Brigitte VP , Moelich Erika I , van der Rijst Marieta , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGreen rooibos (Aspalathus linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren) herbal tea is popular due to its health‐promoting properties. Information on its characteristic sensory profile is scarce and sensory tools to define product variation are needed. The storage conditions and time during its shelf‐life are hypothesized to affect the product quality.RESULTSProduction batches from two producers spanning 5 years (n = 57) were analyzed using descriptive sensory analysis. Primary attributes (>30 median intensity; 100% occurrence frequency) included ‘hay/dried grass’, ‘cooked oats’, ‘tobacco’, ‘honey’ and ‘caramel’ aromas, and astringent mouthfeel. ‘Cooked vegetables’, ‘green grass’, ‘stewed fruit’, ‘rooibos‐woody’, ‘marmalade’ and ‘cardboard’ aromas, sweet taste and bitter taste were secondary attributes (10–20 median intensity; 100% occurrence frequency). The same flavor attributes were present, except for sweet‐associated and fruity notes. A sensory lexicon and sensory wheels for aroma and palate attributes were constructed from the data. The shelf‐life stability of green rooibos was evaluated in moisture‐impermeable (pouches) and moisture‐permeable (sachets) packaging at 25 and 40 °C at 60% relative humidity over 24 weeks. Green rooibos samples stored in pouches at 4 °C were also evaluated. Storage in sachets led to moisture uptake (~10 g (100 g)−1 dry basis) and an increase in water activity (>0.6), causing degradation of chlorophyll and dihydrochalcones. Changes in color and sensory profile (decreased vegetal, cereal and cardboard aromas and increased sweet‐associated and fruity aromas) were evident and more pronounced at the higher storage temperature.CONCLUSIONSStorage at ≤25 °C in moisture‐impermeable packaging material is recommended for green rooibos herbal tea. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Migrating foreign body granulomas after rupture of a breast implant
Authors: Grünke Teresa , Forchhammer Stephan , Vollert Anneli , Schaller Martin , Aebischer Valentin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present the case of an 80‐year‐old female with a history of bluish streaks and painful lumps on her left arm, initially misdiagnosed as a soft tissue infection. Further investigation revealed granulomatous infiltrates in the arm and a ruptured breast implant. Upon presentation, nodular and painful swelling prompted a new biopsy. Histology and electron spectroscopy confirmed silicone deposits within granulomas. The rupture of the breast implant was identified as the likely source of silicone migration to the arm, possibly exacerbated by a past fall. Treatment challenges included the extensive size of the granuloma, leading to a trial of methotrexate therapy with initial improvement but subsequent discontinuation due to poor tolerance. This case underscores the potential for silicone migration from ruptured breast implants to induce distant granulomatous reactions, necessitating individualised treatment approaches.
A Universal Strategy to Enhance Circularly Polarized Luminescence Brightness in Chiral Perovskites
Authors: Yang Zhengwei , Lu Haolin , Zhang Yu , Yin Baipeng , Wang Hong , Gull Sehrish , Qin Wei , Chen Yongsheng , Yao Jiannian , Zhang Chuang , Long Guankui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChiral perovskites are considered as promising candidates for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) light source, by attracting the broader scientific community for their applications in chiral optoelectronics and spintronics. However, it is still a great challenge to achieve both substantial photoluminescence asymmetry (gCPL) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) simultaneously for high CPL brightness due to the limitations associated with magnetic transition dipole moments. Herein, this problem is overcome and achieve both large gCPL of 1.6×10−2 and PLQY of 56% in chiral perovskite through the magnetic element doping strategy. The substitution of Pb2+ ion with smaller magnetic Mn2+ ions shrinks the crystal lattice around [MnBr6]4− octahedra, amplifying the asymmetric distortion surrounding the Mn2+ ions. Moreover, the transition associated with Mn2+ ions can harvest the photoexcitation energy in chiral perovskites, and its spin‐flipping characteristics enable highly efficient CPL from the d–d transition on Mn2+ energy levels. Furthermore, this magnetic element doping strategy is proven to be a universal tactic for enhancing CPL brightness as confirmed in a series of 1D‐ or 2D‐chiral perovskites with various chiral ligands or halogens. The findings provide an in‐depth understanding of the structure‐property relationship in chiral perovskites toward chiral optoelectronic and spintronic applications.
Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguides with Tunable ENZ Phenomenon Supported by 3D Dirac Semimetals
Authors: Cheng Yan , Cao Wenhan , He Xiaoyong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBy depositing a dielectric fiber on top of 3D Dirac semi‐metal (DSM) and Au layers, the tunable propagation properties of hybrid modes are systematically investigated in the mid‐infrared regime, including the effects of the temperatures, the Fermi levels, and rotation angles. Interestingly, due to the importance of inter‐band transition in the mid‐infrared spectral regime, a strong temperature related epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) phenomenon has manifested near the transition frequency. Namely, below room temperature, the real part of the effective refractive index (propagation length) shows a peak (valley). Particularly, at 77 K, the according abruption ratio (ratio of maximum to minimum in ENZ region) is 9.71 (204.1). Additionally, the propagation properties are also closely associated with the Fermi level. When the Fermi level varies in the range of 0.08–0.15 eV, the peak position of the real part of the effective refractive index shifts blue from 21.3 to 38.2 THz, and the according abruption ratio of the propagation length can be modulated in the range of 3.81–45.3. These results are very useful for designing tunable plasmonic devices, such as cutting‐edge modulator, filter, and resonators.
Speckle‐Insensitive Fractal Superconducting Nanowire Single‐Photon Detector Coupled with Multimode Optical Fiber
Authors: Zou Kai , Meng Yun , Hao Zifan , Li Song , Iovan Adrian , Descamps Thomas , Zwiller Val , Hu Xiaolong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpeckles are ubiquitous phenomena associated with multi‐spatial‐mode optics, which may reduce detection efficiency and induce modal noise if the photoresponse of the detector is polarization‐dependent. Thus far, they limit the performance of superconducting nanowire single‐photon detectors (SNSPDs) coupled with multimode optical fibers (MMF). To solve this problem, here, it is shown that SNSPDs patterned into the fractal geometry is insensitive to speckles and generates minimal modal noise that would otherwise be induced by the polarization‐dependent local device efficiency of the meander and spiral SNSPDs. Using this advantageous property of the fractal SNSPDs, system detection efficiency at the wavelength of 1530 nm and 42‐ps timing jitter is demonstrated when we couple a fractal SNSPD with 50‐micrometer‐core, step‐index MMF. This work not only demonstrates a scheme to achieving high system detection efficiency for MMF‐coupled SNSPDs that can be used in many applications, but also provides insight on how engineered nanostructures of photodetectors can reduce modal noise when detecting light from multiple spatial modes.
Overcoming challenges in real‐world evidence generation: An example from an Adult Medical Care Coordination program
Authors: Savitz Samuel T. , Lampman Michelle A. , Inselman Shealeigh A. , Dholakia Ruchita , Hunt Vicki L. , Mattson Angela B. , Stroebel Robert J. , McCabe Pamela J. , Witwer Stephanie G. , Borah Bijan J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Adult Medical Care Coordination program (“the program”) was implemented at Mayo Clinic to promote patient self‐management and improve 30‐day unplanned readmission for patients with high risk for readmission after hospital discharge. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the program compared to usual care using a pragmatic, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial (“stepped wedge trial”). However, several challenges arose including large differences between the study arms. Our goal is to describe the challenges and present lessons learned on how to overcome such challenges and generate evidence to support practice decisions. We describe the challenges encountered during the trial, the approach to addressing these challenges, and lessons learned for other learning health system researchers facing similar challenges. The trial experienced several challenges in implementation including several clinics dropping from the study and care disruptions due to COVID‐19. Additionally, there were large differences in the patient population between the program and usual care arms. For example, the mean age was 76.8 for the program and 68.1 for usual care. Due to these differences, we adapted the methods using the propensity score matching approach that is traditionally applied to observational designs and adjusted for differences in observable characteristics. When conducting pragmatic research, researchers will encounter factors beyond their control that may introduce bias. The lessons learned include the need to weigh the tradeoffs of pragmatic design elements and the potential value of adaptive designs for pragmatic trials. Applying these lessons would promote the successful generation of evidence that informs practice decisions.
Is shockwave therapy effective in the management of greater trochanteric pain syndrome? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Harding Dan , Cameron Lee , Monga Aastha , Winter Sara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence is lacking for the efficacy of shockwave therapy (SWT) in the treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS).AimTo investigate the efficacy of SWT on pain and function in the management of GTPS.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases and grey literature was conducted up to May 2023. Studies utilising SWT on adults for GTPS, providing measures of pain and/or function at baseline and at follow‐up were considered for inclusion. Meta‐analysis was undertaken using converted pain and functional outcomes. Studies were assessed for quality and risk of bias, and assigned a level of evidence as per the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria.ResultsTwelve articles (n = 1121 subjects) were included, including five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and seven non‐RCTs. No statistical differences were observed for pain over time f(1,5) = 1.349 (p = 0.298) or between SWT and control f(1,5) = 1.782 (p = 0.238). No significant differences in functional outcomes in short‐ (H = 2.591, p = 0.181) and medium‐term follow‐up (H = 0.189, p = 0.664) were identified between SWT and control. Moderate magnitude treatment effects for pain (Hedges‐G [HG] 0.71) favouring SWT groups over control was identified, decreasing to low for function (HG 0.20). Further pain and functional treatment effects were identified at higher magnitudes across follow‐up time‐points in SWT groups compared to control.ConclusionModerate‐quality evidence demonstrated no statistically significant improvements in pain and function post‐SWT compared to control. Low‐quality evidence established clinical improvements throughout all included studies favouring SWT over control. Consequently, owing to relatively low incidence of side effects, SWT should be considered a viable option for the management of GTPS. Issues with both clinical and statistical heterogeneity of studies and during meta‐analysis require consideration, and more robust RCTs are recommended if the efficacy of SWT for the management of GTPS is to be comprehensively determined.
Ductal carcinoma in situ develops within clonal fields of mutant cells in morphologically normal ducts
Authors: Hutten Stefan J , Messal Hendrik A , Lips Esther H , Sheinman Michael , Ciwinska Marta , Braams Esmee , van der Borden Carolien , Kristel Petra , Stoffers Saskia , Wessels Lodewyk FA ,   Grand Challenge PRECISION Consortium, Jonkers Jos , van Rheenen Jacco , Wesseling Jelle , Scheele Colinda LGJ 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMutations are abundantly present in tissues of healthy individuals, including the breast epithelium. Yet it remains unknown whether mutant cells directly induce lesion formation or first spread, leading to a field of mutant cells that is predisposed towards lesion formation. To study the clonal and spatial relationships between morphologically normal breast epithelium adjacent to pre‐cancerous lesions, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) imaging pipeline combined with spatially resolved genomics on archival, formalin‐fixed breast tissue with the non‐obligate breast cancer precursor ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Using this 3D image‐guided characterization method, we built high‐resolution spatial maps of DNA copy number aberration (CNA) profiles within the DCIS lesion and the surrounding normal mammary ducts. We show that the local heterogeneity within a DCIS lesion is limited. However, by mapping the CNA profiles back onto the 3D reconstructed ductal subtree, we find that in eight out of 16 cases the healthy epithelium adjacent to the DCIS lesions has overlapping structural variations with the CNA profile of the DCIS. Together, our study indicates that pre‐malignant breast transformations frequently develop within mutant clonal fields of morphologically normal‐looking ducts. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Retrospective experience of children with relapsed brain tumors treated with oral combination of axitinib and metronomic etoposide
Authors: Donzé Caroline , Revon‐Rivière Gabriel , Pondrom Morgane , Verschuur Arnauld , Leblond Pierre , André Nicolas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetronomic chemotherapy‐based combinations have received interest for relapsed/refractory malignancies. Preclinical and clinical studies showed activity of metronomic etoposide and axitinib. We report our retrospective experience in six children treated with axitinib and metronomic etoposide for refractory/relapsed brain tumors as an “off‐label” combination. Three patients with medulloblastoma experienced partial response; one patient with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) displays an ongoing stable disease (12 months); two patients with medulloblastoma had progressive disease. Grade 3–4 toxicities were observed in two patients (thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, fatigue). The axitinib–etoposide combination shows signals of efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory brain tumors. These results were based on real‐world observation and will need formal evaluation in a phase I/II trial.
Spectrum–effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and antioxidant activity of Qi‐Fu‐Yin based on multiple statistical correlation analysis
Authors: Li Hengyu , Zhao Hongwei , Chen Lingxiao , Yang Yong , Wang Shixue , Gao Rongyu , Cheng Xiaorui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionQi‐Fu‐Yin has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China. Oxidative stress has been recognized as a factor in AD progress. To date, there is no quality control method to ensure batch‐to‐batch consistency of Qi‐Fu‐Yin, and the potential antioxidant compounds in Qi‐Fu‐Yin remain uncertain.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify the potential antioxidant compounds of Qi‐Fu‐Yin and establish quality control standards for Qi‐Fu‐Yin.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography was used to establish and quantify the fingerprints of Qi‐Fu‐Yin from various batches. Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS) was used to identify the common peaks. Bivariate correlation analysis, partial least squares regression analysis, and gray correlation analysis were used to establish the spectrum–effect relationship.ResultsForty‐nine common peaks were determined through the establishment of fingerprints. Among them, 35 common peaks were preliminarily characterized. The multiple statistical correlation analysis methods identified six compounds as potential antioxidant constituents of Qi‐Fu‐Yin, and their antioxidant activities were validated in vitro. All six antioxidant compounds derived from two herbs. Therefore, three chemical index compounds derived from other three herbs were added to the quantitative analysis, while for two herbs, no peaks could be included. Eventually, six antioxidant constituents and three index compounds were quantitatively determined to provide a relatively comprehensive quality control for Qi‐Fu‐Yin.ConclusionsThe study elucidated the antioxidant substance basis of Qi‐Fu‐Yin and provided a relatively comprehensive approach for the assay of Qi‐Fu‐Yin, which is a promising advance in the quality control of Qi‐Fu‐Yin.
Influence of social mindfulness and Zhongyong thinking style on cooperative financial decision making in a Western sample
Authors: Unger Alexander , Li Zixuan , Papastamatelou Julie , Bi Chongzeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial mindfulness and Zhongyong thinking style are of high importance when evaluating relevant co‐actors in the social world. The current study investigates the influence of social mindfulness and Zhongyong thinking style on cooperative financial decision making in a public goods game among a Canadian sample. We hypothesize that higher perceived social mindfulness and higher perceived Zhongyong thinking style will increase the amount of money contributed to a joint project in a public goods game. The sample was a prolific‐based online recruited sample of n = 125 Canadians. We observed a significant main effect of Zhongyong thinking style on the amount of contributed money in the public goods game. Social mindfulness did not reach significance. The influence of Zhongyong thinking style was qualified by a significant Zhongyong by gender interaction, indicating that females but not males reduced their contributions if the Zhongyong thinking style of the co‐actor was manipulated as being low. It is shown that Zhongyong thinking style is also relevant in a Western cultural setting. Future research is needed, however, to investigate further the reasons for the differences between females and males.