bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors and schizophrenia
Authors: de Bartolomeis Andrea , Szumlinski Karen Kathleen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSchizophrenia is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with perturbations in medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) excitability and connectivity. As such, research into the neurobiology of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders has focused on understanding the possible role played by the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in mediating the cognitive and psychosocial impairments characteristic of this disease. Historically, the ionotropic NMDA glutamate receptor has received the greatest experimental attention in this regard. However, converging data point to Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), as well as the Group 1 mGluR scaffolding protein Homer, as critical for normal psychomotor and cognitive function. Moreover, data derived primarily from behavioral pharmacological and genetic studies conducted in animal models of psychosis, suggest that dysregulation of Group 1 mGluR signaling may contribute to anomalies in neuronal excitation putatively underpinning the manifestation of cognitive abnormalities and psychotic‐like behavior. These data implicate targeting Group 1 mGluRs as viable pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:94–103. doi: 10.1002/wmts.15For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Functions of proton channels in phagocytes
Authors: Demaurex Nicolas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhagocytes are immune cells that swallow microbes and degrade them with oxygen radicals produced by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (phox), an enzyme that delivers electrons into the lumen of the phagocytic vacuole to produce toxic oxygen radicals. Voltage‐gated proton channels were long thought to sustain the activity of the phox by providing a compensating charge during electron transfer, and to minimize the cytosolic acidification caused by the activity of the phox. Voltage and pH recordings from neutrophils derived from voltage‐sensing only protein (VSOP)/voltage‐gated proton channel (Hv1) knock‐out mice confirmed that VSOP/Hv1 proton channels mitigate the depolarization and cytosolic acidification associated with the activity of the phox and revealed that VSOP/Hv1 proton channels sustain calcium signaling by maintaining a physiological membrane potential during phox activity, thereby increasing the driving force for the entry of cations across membrane channels. These mechanisms were demonstrated at the plasma membrane however, and whether VSOP/Hv1 proton channels contribute to the voltage and pH homeostasis of phagosomes, the major site of phox activation, has not been tested. VSOP/Hv1 channels might supply protons to the lumen of phagosomes and fuel the dismutation reaction that converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide used for myeloperoxidase‐mediated halogenations or, instead, might remove protons from phagosomes and delay the phagosomal acidification caused by vacuolar ATPases. Future experiments will reveal whether VSOP/Hv1 channels move protons in or out of the phagocytic vacuole and maintain a permissive membrane potential that prevent the self‐inhibition of the phox and favor the efflux of calcium from phagosomes. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:3–15. doi: 10.1002/wmts.2For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Metal Derivatives of Heterocyclic‐2‐thiones: Crystal Structures of [Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane][bis(pyrimidine‐2‐thiolato)]ruthenium(II) and [Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane][bis(pyridine‐2‐thiolato)]ruthenium(II)
Authors: Lobana Tarlok S. , Kaur Parminderjit , Kaur Amanpreet , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRuthenium(II) Complexes containing pyrimidine‐2‐thiolate (pymS–) and bis(diphenylphosphanyl)alkanes [Ph2P–(CH2)m–PPh2, m = 1, dppm; m = 2, dppe; m = 3, dppp; m = 4, dppb] are described. Reactions of [RuCl2L2] (L = dppm, dppp) and [Ru2Cl4L3] (L = dppb) with pyrimidine‐2‐thione (pymSH) in 1:2 molar ratio in dry benzene in the presence of Et3N base yielded the [Ru(pymS)2L] complexes (pymS– = pyrimidine‐2‐thiolate; L = dppm (1); dppp (3); dppb (4)). The complex [Ru(pymS)2(dppe)] (2) was indirectly prepared by the reaction of [Ru(pymS)2(PPh3)2] with dppe. These complexes were characterized using analytical data, IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography (complex 3). The crystal structure of the analogous complex [Ru(pyS)2(dppm)] (5) with the ligand pyridine‐2‐thiolate (pyS–) was also described. X‐ray crystallographic investigation of complex 3 has shown two four‐membered chelate rings (N, S donors) and one six‐membered ring (P, P donors) around the metal atom. Compound 5 provides the first example in which RuII has three four‐membered chelate rings: two made up by N, S donor ligands and one made up by P, P donor ligand. The arrangement around the metal atoms in each complex is distorted octahedral with cis:cis:trans:P, P:N, N:S, S dispositions of the donor atoms. The 31P NMR spectroscopic data revealed that the complexes are static in solution, except 2, which showed the presence of more than one species.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Two New Cobalt Complexes Constructed by Semirigid V‐shaped 5‐(4‐Carboxyphenoxy)‐pyridine‐2‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Song Jiang‐Feng , Zhou Rui‐Sha , Zhang Jia , Pan Cheng‐Ling 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo cobalt complexes, [Co3(L)2(CH3OH)2(μ3‐OH)2] (1) and [Co(L)(bpe)0.5]·H2O (2) [H2L = 5‐(4‐carboxyphenoxy)‐pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid; bpe = 1, 2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene] were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and magnetic analysis. Complex 1 has a two‐dimensional (2D) structure with puckered Co–O–Co chains, and 2 displays a three‐dimensional (3D) network containing one‐dimensional rectangular channels with dimensions of 9.24 × 13.84 Å. In complex 1, variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate antiferromagnetic interactions between cobalt magnetic centers.
Synthesis of a Water‐Stable 2, 4‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl‐Substituted Phosphonous Acid Palladium Complex and its Catalytic Activity in Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kurscheid Boris , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Hoge Berthold 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis manuscript describes the selective synthesis of2, 4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphinic acid, (Rf)P(O)(H)OH.Reaction of chlorobis(diethylamino)phosphane with a mixture of 2, 4‐(CF3)2C6H3Li and 2, 6‐(CF3)2C6H3Li results in the formation of 2, 4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylbis(diethylamino)phosphane, (Rf)P(NEt2)2. The following in situ reaction with gaseous HBr leads to the cleavage of the phosphorus nitrogen bonds resulting in the selective formation of the corresponding dibromophosphane (Rf)PBr2.2, 4‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphinic acid is available via two different synthetic strategies starting from the dibromophosphane (Rf)PBr2. Reduction of the dibromophosphane with tributyltin hydride affords selectively the phosphane (Rf)PH2. The following oxidation to the phosphinic acid (Rf)P(O)(H)OH, however, only proceeds in moderate yields. A more efficient synthesis is achieved via the hydrolysis of the dibromophosphane (Rf)PBr2 in dichloromethane solution. 2, 4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphinic acid, (Rf)P(O)(H)OH, is surprisingly stable towards air and water. The water soluble phosphinic acid reacts sluggishly with a 30 % H2O2 solution, yielding only 23 % of the corresponding phosphonic acid (Rf)P(O)(OH)2 after seven days at ambient temperature.In principle a tautomerization of the phosphinic acid (Rf)P(O)(H)OH to the corresponding phosphonous acid (Rf)P(OH)2 – analogously to the phosphane oxide (Rf)2P(O)H and the phosphinous acid (Rf)2POH – is conceivable. However, the phosphonous acid could not be detected with spectroscopic methods. The energy difference between the phosphinic acid and the phosphonous acid is calculated by quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(2df, p) level of theory to 30.1 kJ·mol–1. This high value explains why the phosphonous acid tautomer could not be detected by spectroscopic methods so far.As transition metal complexes featuring phosphonous acid ligands are of significant interest for the application as homogeneous catalysts we studied the coordination chemistry of the related phosphinic acid in more detail. The preligand 2, 4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylphosphinic acid reacts smoothly with palladium dichloride in THF to the dinuclear complex [Pd2(μ‐Cl)2{[2, 4‐(CF3)2C6H3P(OH)O]2H}2], featuring a phosphonous acid phosphonato unit, with a strong hydrogen bridge substantiated by an O···O distance of 247.7(3) pm. The dinuclear phosphonous acid palladium complex exhibits a high catalytic activity in the Suzuki cross‐coupling. Alternatively, the phosphinic acid can be used as preligand for the in situ formation of a phosphonous acid palladium complex. These compounds combine catalytic activity with a very high stability towards air and water.
Rotational Head Kinematics in Football Impacts: An Injury Risk Function for Concussion
Authors: Rowson Steven , Duma Stefan M. , Beckwith Jonathan G. , Chu Jeffrey J. , Greenwald Richard M. , Crisco Joseph J. , Brolinson P. Gunnar , Duhaime Ann-Christine , McAllister Thomas W. , Maerlender Arthur C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent research has suggested a possible link between sports-related concussions and neurodegenerative processes, highlighting the importance of developing methods to accurately quantify head impact tolerance. The use of kinematic parameters of the head to predict brain injury has been suggested because they are indicative of the inertial response of the brain. The objective of this study is to characterize the rotational kinematics of the head associated with concussive impacts using a large head acceleration dataset collected from human subjects. The helmets of 335 football players were instrumented with accelerometer arrays that measured head acceleration following head impacts sustained during play, resulting in data for 300,977 sub-concussive and 57 concussive head impacts. The average sub-concussive impact had a rotational acceleration of 1230 rad/s2 and a rotational velocity of 5.5 rad/s, while the average concussive impact had a rotational acceleration of 5022 rad/s2 and a rotational velocity of 22.3 rad/s. An injury risk curve was developed and a nominal injury value of 6383 rad/s2 associated with 28.3 rad/s represents 50% risk of concussion. These data provide an increased understanding of the biomechanics associated with concussion and they provide critical insight into injury mechanisms, human tolerance to mechanical stimuli, and injury prevention techniques.
Older consumers and celebrity advertising
Authors: YOON HYUNSUN , POWELL HELEN 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTOlder consumers have long been the ‘invisible majority’ in advertising despite the rapid increase in an ageing population. A significant proportion of this population have high levels of disposable income, even in times of recession, but advertisers are not encouraging them to part with it. This paper intends to find out why advertisers have been slow or struggle to target older consumers effectively. The aims of this study are two-fold. First, it explores the portrayal and representation of older consumers in Tesco's ‘Dotty’ campaign and Marks & Spencer's (M&S) ‘Twiggy’ campaign, with special reference to the use of celebrities. The second aim is to demonstrate how the focus has shifted from the more traditional, negative stereotyping (Tesco campaign) to a more progressive approach, presenting aspirational images that older consumers can identify with (M&S campaign). Although both campaigns were effective in terms of increasing profits, this paper suggests that the ongoing M&S example of using older celebrities in advertising campaigns demonstrates a more effective creative strategy that is in tune not only with a growing population of older consumers but is also especially applicable in times of economic uncertainty.
Factorization of homotopies of nanophrases
Authors: GIBSON ANDREW 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHomotopy on nanophrases is an equivalence relation defined using some data called a homotopy data triple. We define a product on homotopy data triples. We show that any homotopy data triple can be factorized into a product of prime homotopy data triples and this factorization is unique up to isomorphism and order. For any homotopy given by a composite homotopy data triple we define a complete invariant of nanophrases. This invariant is used to show that equivalence of nanophrases under such a homotopy can be calculated just by using the homotopies given by its prime factors.
Impact of Wireless Electronic Medical Record System on the Quality of Patient Documentation by Emergency Field Responders during a Disaster Mass-Casualty Exercise
Authors: Chan Theodore C. , Griswold William G. , Buono Colleen , Kirsh David , Lyon Joachim , Killeen James P. , Castillo Edward M. , Lenert Leslie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The use of wireless, electronic, medical records and communications in the prehospital and disaster field is increasing.Objective: This study examines the role of wireless, electronic, medical records and communications technologies on the quality of patient documentation by emergency field responders during a mass-casualty exercise.Methods: A controlled, side-to-side comparison of the quality of the field responder patient documentation between responders utilizing National Institutes of Health-funded, wireless, electronic, field, medical record system prototype (“Wireless Internet Information System for medicAl Response to Disasters” or WIISARD) versus those utilizing conventional, paper-based methods during a mass-casualty field exercise. Medical data, including basic victim identification information, acuity status, triage information using Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START), decontamination status, and disposition, were collected for simulated patients from all paper and electronic logs used during the exercise. The data were compared for quality of documentation and record completeness comparing WIISARD-enabled field responders and those using conventional paper methods. Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher’s Exact Testing of Proportions with differences and 95% confidence intervals reported.Results: One hundred simulated disaster victim volunteers participated in the exercise, 50 assigned to WIISARD and 50 to the conventional pathway. Of those victims who completed the exercise and were transported to area hospitals, medical documentation of victim START components and triage acuity were significantly better for WIISARD compared to controls (overall acuity was documented for 100% vs 89.5%, respectively, difference = 10.5% [95%CI = 0.5–24.1%]). Similarly, tracking of decontamination status also was higher for the WIISARD group (decontamination status documented for 59.0% vs 0%, respectively, difference = 9.0% [95%CI = 40.9–72.0%]). Documentation of disposition and destination of victims was not different statistically (92.3% vs. 89.5%, respectively, difference = 2.8% [95%CI = -11.3–17.3%]).Conclusions: In a simulated, mass-casualty field exercise, documentation and tracking of victim status including acuity was significantly improved when using a wireless, field electronic medical record system compared to the use of conventional paper methods.
Systemic risk in financial services ‐ Abstract of the Edinburgh Discussion
Authors: Milne Alistair 
Published: October 2011

This abstract relates to the following paper:BesarD., BoothP., ChanK.K., MilneA.K.L. & PicklesJ.Systemic risk in financial services. British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S1357321711000110.
A 15-year study on the treatment of undernourished children at a nutrition rehabilitation centre (CREN), Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Mariana BF , López Rossana VM , de Albuquerque Maria P , Marchesano Anna C , Clemente Ana PG , Martins Vinícius JB , Sawaya Ana L 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo build a life table and determine the factors related to the time of treatment of undernourished children at a nutrition rehabilitation centre (CREN), São Paulo, Brazil.DesignNutritional status was assessed from weight-for-age, height-for-age and BMI-for-age Z-scores, while neuropsychomotor development was classified according to the milestones of childhood development. Life tables, Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox multiple regression models were employed in data analysis.SettingCREN (Centre of Nutritional Recovery and Education), São Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsUndernourished children (n 228) from the southern slums of São Paulo who had received treatment at CREN under a day-hospital regime between the years 1994 and 2009.ResultsThe Kaplan–Meier curves of survival analysis showed statistically significant differences in the periods of treatment at CREN between children presenting different degrees of neuropsychomotor development (log-rank = 6·621; P = 0·037). Estimates based on the multivariate Cox model revealed that children aged ≥24 months at the time of admission exhibited a lower probability of nutritional rehabilitation (hazard ratio (HR) = 0·49; P = 0·046) at the end of the period compared with infants aged up 12 months. Children presenting slow development were better rehabilitated in comparison with those exhibiting adequate evolution (HR = 4·48; P = 0·023). No significant effects of sex, degree of undernutrition or birth weight on the probability of nutritional rehabilitation were found.ConclusionsAge and neuropsychomotor developmental status at the time of admission to CREN are critical factors in determining the duration of treatment.
Rules and collective action: an institutional analysis of the performance of irrigation systems in Nepal
Authors: BASTAKOTI RAM C. , SHIVAKOTI GANESH P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:This paper focuses on understanding rule systems by documenting existing rules and their development in irrigation management in Nepal. We analyze the rule formation of a sample of irrigation systems based on the ADICO syntax (Crawford & Ostrom, 1995; Ostrom, 2005). Farmer-managed irrigation systems generally are autonomous in devising their own rules based on local context considering the ideas, norms and beliefs shared within the community. Rule formation in agency-managed irrigation systems, however, is mostly done by external officials. Strong rule enforcement mechanisms were found in farmer-managed systems compared with agency-managed systems. Better rule enforcement created favorable conditions for collective action among the users and ensured better performance of the irrigation systems. Results imply that the formation of new rules should fully consider biophysical attributes as well as community beliefs and ideas.
Laminar Airflow Ceiling Size: No Impact on Infection Rates Following Hip and Knee Prosthesis
Authors: Breier Ann-Christin , Brandt Christian , Sohr Dorit , Geffers Christine , Gastmeier Petra 
Published: October 2011

Objective.Laminar airflow (LAF) systems are widely used, at least in orthopedic surgery. However, there is still controversial discussion about the influence of LAF on surgical site infection (SSI) rates. The size of the LAF ceiling is also often a question of debate. Our objective is to determine the effect of this technique under conditions of actual rather than ideal use.Design.Cohort study using multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equations method.Setting.Data for hip and knee prosthesis procedures from hospitals participating in the German national nosocomial infection surveillance system (KISS) from July 2004 to June 2009 were used for analysis.Patients.A total of 33,463 elective hip prosthesis procedures due to arthrosis (HIP-A) from 48 hospitals, 7,749 urgent hip prosthesis procedures due to fracture (HIP-F) from 41 hospitals, and 20,554 knee prosthesis (KPRO) procedures from 38 hospitals were included.Methods.The data were analyzed for hospitals with and without LAF in the operating rooms and by the size of the LAF ceiling. The endpoints were severe SSI rates.Results.The overall severe SSI rate was 0.74 per 100 procedures for HIP-A, 2.39 for HIP-F, and 0.63 for KPRO. For all 3 prosthesis types, neither LAF nor the size of the LAF ceiling was associated with lower infection risk.Conclusions.The data demonstrate consistency and reproducibility with the results from earlier registry studies. Neither LAF nor ceiling size had an impact on severe SSI rates.
Super-Reality
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The chapter reveals that the view of “Bontsye Shvayg” presented in the previous chapters is not the popular view of the story after all. A big factor in the popular misreading of Bontsye Shvayg is the “Ozymandias effect” from the well-known sonnet, “Ozymandias” by Percy Shelley. The sonnet portrays a king in a manner that surpasses reality, showing the king’s features in colossal, superhuman terms similar to what Perets did in portraying Bontsye as Super-Job. The “Ozymandias effect” aids in the transformation of a story in an exemplary tale of piety akin to what the original legend of Job was. The chapter also explains how the historical circumstance of Perets’ time and the 19th century until the early 20th century in Eastern Europe have lead Perets’ audience to misread willfully the intent of the author. By filtering reality through the super-reality of Bontsye, Jews see themselves as people singled out to suffer silently and piously in the model of Abraham. A couple of absurdities in the interpretation of Bontsye are also presented in this chapter. It points out that one should not endure punishment without protest, one should not greedily seize the smallest favor offered by an authority but rather insist on the essential rights of all humanity.
The Art of Parody: The Dialogue/Appeal
Authors: Zuckerman Bruce 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The “Poem of Job” like Bontsye Shvayg maintains a sharply critical line against pietistic worldview that a poet like Perets wished to address. The chapter mentions that to understand fully the “Poem of Job,” one must see what the poet wished to turn inside out for purposes of parody, both in broad and small scale terms. Perets wanted the same thing on a whole array of Yiddish themes though it is not as easy as it is in Bontsye since it has a relative wealth of contemporaneous information while Job does not. The two reasons for such is Job, as a literary work, clearly stands within the “Wisdom” tradition and literature within the Ancient Near East is remarkably conservative. The basic structure of the “Poem of Job” is said to be parallel to the “Theodicity” or “Babylonian Theodicity” with the dialogue between Job and his friends as actually an appeal to his God. There is also similarity of Ludlul to the “Poem of Job” which is sometimes called the “Babylonian Job.” The Dialogue/Appeal was an excellent way to show the transition of Job into Anti-Job keeping in mind that the innocent victim must always keep his complains within the bounds of propriety, thus being a “Righteous Sufferer.” At the same time, issues of justice and righteousness do play a role in the standard Dialogue/Appeal though in the end things do turn around right for God acts decisively and dramatically to restore the victim.