bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of interstitial cells of cajal and expression of nitric oxide synthase after experimental bladder outlet obstruction in a rat model of bladder overactivity
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ouck , Oh Byung Seok , Chang In‐Yeup , Song Seung Hee , Ahn Kuyoun , Hwang Eu Chang , Oh Kyung Jin , Kwon Dongdeuk , Park Kwangsung 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAimsRecent studies have showed that interstitial cells (ICs) are widely distributed in the genitourinary tract and have suggested their involvement in spontaneous electrical activity and muscle contraction. Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play a role in bladder overactivity related with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of bladder overactivity induced by BOO on ICs and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in rat urinary bladder.MethodsFemale Sprague‐Dawley rats (230–240 g, n = 40) were divided into two groups: control (group Con, n = 20) and partial BOO (group BOO, n = 20). After 4 weeks, urodynamic studies measuring contraction interval and contraction pressure were done. The cellular localization of cKit immunoreactive ICs and the expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in the rat urinary bladder.ResultsFilling cystometry studies demonstrated a reduced interval between voiding contractions and an increased voiding pressure in BOO bladders. The contraction interval time (2.9 ± 0.35 min) was significantly decreased in the BOO group compared to the control (6.1 ± 0.05; P < 0.05). The population of ICs was increased in the suburothelial and muscle layers in BOO bladders. ICs had a close contact with each other and neighboring nNOS expressing cells.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated an increased population of ICs in the BOO rat model and suggest that the functional change of ICs and NOS isoforms may contribute to the pathophysiology of bladder overactivity induced by BOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1639–1645, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐invasive techniques in the diagnosis of bladder storage disorders
Authors: Farag Fawzy F. , Heesakkers John P. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAimsTo review clinical studies thus have been conducted to develop non‐invasive diagnostic tools in the storage phase of the micturition cycle.MethodsPub Med and Web of Science searches were carried out. The search covered the published data of non‐invasive diagnostic techniques for detrusor overactivity (DO) and/or low compliance bladder in patients with urinary storage symptoms. The patho‐physiological and clinical relevance of these methods were addressed. Diagnostic accuracy of these techniques was scrutinized.ResultsEighteen studies were included in the review. Ultrasonography and biomarkers were the most investigated techniques in the diagnosis of storage disorders. Assessment of diagnostic accuracy was possible in four studies. The heterogeneity in data reporting was too high to conduct a meta‐analysis. Ultrasonographic parameters and cut‐off values have been developed to define DO; such as bladder wall thickness (BWT), detrusor wall thickness and bladder weight. The likelihood ratio of vaginal ultrasonography in measurement of BWT was good. Guidelines are currently developing to standardize the methodologies applied in these techniques. Laboratory biomarkers of DO are gaining more attention recently, but their specificity for DO should be carefully defined. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is potential non‐invasive diagnostic method that is able to detect the DO episodes in real time. However, a solution needs to be found for motion artifacts in this technique.ConclusionNon‐invasive diagnostic techniques for storage disorders show limited progress with some limitations. Yet these techniques still cannot replace the standard filling cystometry in standard clinical practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1422–1428, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does patient activity level affect 24‐hr pad test results in stress‐incontinent women?
Authors: Painter Virginia , Karantanis Emmanuel , Moore Kate H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAimStandardization of the 24‐hr pad test procedure would increase its validity as an objective measure of urinary incontinence. Our aim was to establish whether patient activity levels affect pad test results in stress‐incontinent women, and if so, to develop a standard activity level during the testing period.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, 25 women with pure stress urinary incontinence (SUI) completed two 24‐hr pad tests and documented their daily activities during a “normally active” and “minimally active” day. Activity level was compared with pad weight gain and the number of leakage episodes due to activity according to a patient activity diary (diarized activity leakage episodes) using non‐parametric tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the “normally active” and “minimally active” days for median pad weight gain (9.9 g vs. 5.2 g, P < 0.05) and diarized activity leakage episodes (2 vs. 1, P < 0.05). When the days were re‐categorized, there was a significant difference between “mild activity” and “moderate activity” days for median pad weight gain (4.85 g vs. 7.1 g, P < 0.05) and diarized activity leakage episodes (0 vs. 2, P < 0.05).ConclusionIncreased patient activity levels increase the degree of leakage as measured by 24‐hr pad weight gain therefore patients with SUI should perform the 24‐hr pad test with standardized activity instructions. In scientific research, we recommend that women perform minimal physical activity, as this decreases the variation of activity. This approach will enhance the function of the 24‐hr pad test as a severity measure between patients with SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:143–147, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Culturally Sensitive Diabetes Peer Support for Older Mexican‐Americans
Authors: Haltiwanger Emily Piven , Brutus Henry 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if a peer‐led diabetes support group intervention could improve adherence to recommendations for self‐management in 42 Mexican‐American elders with type 2 diabetes. This mixed‐method pilot study occurred at a community‐based diabetes education centre in Texas. The 10‐week intervention programme was compared to usual care on five self‐reported questionnaires and blood tests during four collection periods. Participants displayed statistically significant improvements in blood sugar, self‐efficacy, transformational change and personal resources. Qualitative themes were derived from 30 focus group meetings, which were as follows: do not trust the system, choice + control = power and the social cost of diabetes. The results suggested a consultation role for occupational therapists in training peer leaders to learn to lead and manage community‐based diabetes self‐management programmes. Limitations were the sample size of the convenience sample, and the lack of qualitative analysis of the control group discussions. Future research should involve a study of expanded community‐based social networks using experimental design. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A system for debugging via online tracing and dynamic slicing
Authors: Nagarajan Vijay , Jeffrey Dennis , Gupta Rajiv , Gupta Neelam 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYDynamic slicing is a promising trace based technique that helps programmers in the process of debugging. In order to debug a failed run, dynamic slicing requires the dynamic dependence graph (DDG) information for that particular run. The two major challenges involved in utilizing dynamic slicing as a debugging technique are the efficient computation of the DDG and the efficient computation of the dynamic slice, given the DDG. In this paper, we present an efficient debugger, which first computes the DDG efficiently while the program is executing; dynamic slicing is later performed efficiently on the computed DDG, on demand. To minimize program slowdown during the online computation of DDG, we make the design decision of not outputting the computed dependencies to a file, instead, storing them in memory in a specially allocated fixed size circular buffer. The size of the buffer limits the length of the execution history that can be stored. To maximize the execution history that can be maintained, we introduce optimizations to eliminate the storage of most of the generated dependencies, at the same time ensuring that those that are stored are sufficient to capture the bug. Experiments conducted on CPU‐intensive programs show that our optimizations are able to reduce the trace rate from 16 to 0.8 bytes per executed instruction. This enables us to store the dependence trace history for a window of 20 million executed instructions in a 16‐MB buffer. Our debugger is also very efficient, yielding slicing times of around a second, and only slowing down the execution of the program by a factor of 19 during the online tracing step. Using recently proposed architectural support for monitoring, we are also able to handle multithreaded programs running on multicore processors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Donepezil, but not galantamine, blocks muscarinic receptor‐mediated in vitro and in vivo responses
Authors: Ago Yukio , Koda Ken , Ota Yuki , Kita Yuki , Fukada Asako , Takuma Kazuhiro , Matsuda Toshio 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe have found that galantamine, but not donepezil, reversed isolation rearing‐induced deficits of prepulse inhibition (PPI) via an activation of muscarinic M1 receptors. To explain this difference, the present study examined the effects of these acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on muscarinic receptor‐mediated responses in in vitro and in vivo systems. Ca2+‐imaging study showed that donepezil, but not galantamine, blocked a muscarinic agonist carbachol‐induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in SH‐SY5Y cells. Moreover, a microdialysis study showed that intraperitoneal administration of donepezil, but not galantamine, attenuated a preferential M1 receptor agonist Ndesmethylclozapine‐induced increase in dopamine release in mouse cerebral cortex. These results suggest that donepezil, but not galantamine, has an ability to block muscarinic receptor function and imply that the differential effects may be responsible for the difference in the effects on isolation rearing‐induced deficits of PPI between these drugs. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Three Organic‐Lanthanide Complexes with 3‐Hydroxycinnamic Acid
Authors: Ye Li‐Qing , Tang Zhi‐Wei , Wen Yi‐Hang 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThree new homodinuclear lanthanide(III) complexes [Ln2(L)6(2,2′‐bipy)2] [Ln = TbIII (1), SmIII (2), EuIII (3); HL = 3‐hydroxycinnamic acid (3‐HCA); 2,2′‐bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine] were synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Complexes 1–3 crystallize in triclinic system, space group P$\bar{1}$. In all complexes the lanthanide ions are nine‐coordinate by two nitrogen atoms from the 2,2′‐bipy ligand and seven oxygen atoms from one chelating L ligands and four bridging L ligands, forming distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic arrangements. The lanthanide(III) ions are intramolecularly bridged by eight carboxylate oxygen atoms forming dimeric complexes with Ln···Ln distances of 3.92747(15), 3.9664(6), and 3.9415(4) Å for complexes 1–3, respectively. The luminescent properties in the solid state of HL ligand and EuIII complex are also discussed.
Gastrointestinal disturbances and their management in miglustat‐treated patients
Authors: Belmatoug Nadia , Burlina Alberto , Giraldo Pilar , Hendriksz Chris J. , Kuter David J. , Mengel Eugen , Pastores Gregory M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMiglustat (Zavesca®) is approved for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable, and for the treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in adult and paediatric patients with Niemann‐Pick disease type C (NP‐C). Gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea, flatulence and abdominal pain/discomfort have consistently been reported as the most frequent adverse events associated with miglustat during clinical trials and in real‐world clinical practice settings. These adverse events are generally mild or moderate in severity, occurring mostly during the initial weeks of therapy. The mechanism underlying these gastrointestinal disturbances is the inhibition by miglustat of intestinal disaccharidase enzymes (mainly sucrase and maltase), leading to sub‐optimal hydrolysis of carbohydrates and subsequent osmotic diarrhoea and altered colonic fermentation. Transient decreases in body weight, which are often observed during initial miglustat therapy, are considered likely due to gastrointestinal carbohydrate malabsorption and associated negative caloric balance. While most cases of diarrhoea resolve spontaneously during continued miglustat therapy, diarrhoea also responds well to anti‐propulsive medications such as loperamide. Dietary modifications such as reduced consumption of dietary sucrose, maltose and lactose have been shown to improve the gastrointestinal tolerability of miglustat and reduce the magnitude of any changes in body weight, particularly if initiated at or before the start of therapy. Miglustat dose escalation at treatment initiation may also reduce gastrointestinal disturbances. This article discusses these aspects in detail, and provides practical recommendations on how to optimize the gastrointestinal tolerability of miglustat.
Dispersal and dispersion of southern elephant seals in the Kerguelen province, Southern Ocean
Authors: Oosthuizen W. Chris , Bester Marthán N. , Tosh Cheryl A. , Guinet Christophe , Besson Dominique , Nico de Bruyn P.J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSouthern elephant sealsMirounga leoninawithin the Kerguelen province disperse between Marion Island (MI), Iles Crozet (IC) and Iles Kerguelen (IK) despite the high site fidelity characteristic of this species. From 1987–2002, 199 IC individuals, or 11.63% of the tagged population there, were resighted at MI. Resights of IC seals at MI peaked during the juvenile moult and seals aged 0–2 represent 66% of all resights made. Equal numbers of male and female seals (all age classes) were dispersing. Dispersing breeding females (n= 22, on 33 occasions) outnumbered dispersing breeding males (n= 6, on 16 occasions), after initially emigrating from IC to MI as juvenile seals (natal dispersal). Greater male-mediated gene flow was ultimately attained due to the polygynous mating system and some extremely successful males. Of 132 seals fitted with satellite-relay data loggers at MI, six hauled out at IC and three at IK. Two of the seals which migrated to IC were born at MI; all others were unmarked males likely to be native to IC or IK. Dispersal should ideally be considered when assessing vital rates for southern Indian Ocean elephant seal populations.
Propidium Iodide Competes with Ca2+ to Label Pectin in Pollen Tubes and Arabidopsis Root Hairs
Authors: Rounds Caleb M. , Lubeck Eric , Hepler Peter K. , Winship Lawrence J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We have used propidium iodide (PI) to investigate the dynamic properties of the primary cell wall at the apex of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root hairs and pollen tubes and in lily (Lilium formosanum) pollen tubes. Our results show that in root hairs, as in pollen tubes, oscillatory peaks in PI fluorescence precede growth rate oscillations. Pectin forms the primary component of the cell wall at the tip of both root hairs and pollen tubes. Given the electronic structure of PI, we investigated whether PI binds to pectins in a manner analogous to Ca2+ binding. We first show that Ca2+ is able to abrogate PI growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. PI fluorescence itself also relies directly on the amount of Ca2+ in the growth solution. Exogenous pectin methyl esterase treatment of pollen tubes, which demethoxylates pectins, freeing more Ca2+-binding sites, leads to a dramatic increase in PI fluorescence. Treatment with pectinase leads to a corresponding decrease in fluorescence. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that PI binds to demethoxylated pectins. Unlike other pectin stains, PI at low yet useful concentration is vital and specifically does not alter the tip-focused Ca2+ gradient or growth oscillations. These data suggest that pectin secretion at the apex of tip-growing plant cells plays a critical role in regulating growth, and PI represents an excellent tool for examining the role of pectin and of Ca2+ in tip growth.
Sufentanil preserves hemodynamics and left ventricular function in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: BHAVSAR R. , SLOTH E. , FOLKERSEN L. , GREISEN J. R. , JAKOBSEN C.‐J. 
Published: July 2011

Objective: Sufentanil has been reported to provide stable hemodynamics similar to other opioids. However, it has not been reliably established whether this stability can be attributed only to Sufentanil and translates into fully preserved left ventricular (LV) function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sufentanil on hemodynamics and LV systolic and diastolic function using invasive monitoring and echocardiography in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Methods: Prospective observational study of thirty patients acting as their own control undergoing echocardiographic imaging before and after bolus Sufentanil 1.5–2.0 μg/kg. Full invasive hemodynamic monitoring was established before Sufentanil administration. Global LV systolic function was evaluated with a global longitudinal peak systolic strain (GLPSS) by speckle tracking ultrasound; systolic displacement by tissue tracking (TT) and diastolic function was evaluated using Doppler tissue imaging and pulse wave Doppler.
Results: Hemodynamic monitoring showed a minor decline in systolic blood pressure from 159 to 154 mmHg (P=0.046). No changes were observed in the cardiac index, stroke volume index and heart rate. An unchanged TT score index (9.9 vs. 10.2 mm, P=0.428) and GLPSS (14.3 vs. 14.5%, P=0.658) indicated preserved LV global systolic function and unchanged E'/A' (0.95 vs. 0.89, P=0.110) and E/E' ratio (15.4 vs. 14.9, P=0.612) indicated unchanged diastolic function.
Conclusion: Sufentanil preserves hemodynamic parameters as well as echocardiographic indices of LV systolic and diastolic function in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).
CYP2C19 genotypes determine the efficacy of on‐demand therapy of pantoprazole for reflux esophagitis as Los‐Angeles grades C and D
Authors: Sheu Bor‐Shyang , Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Yeh Yi‐Chun , Chang Wei‐Lun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgrounds and Aim:  The present study determined whether the genotypes of S‐mephenytoin 4′‐hydroxylase (CYP2C19) could serve as an indicator to assess the success of long‐term on‐demand therapy (ODT) with pantoprazole for the patients with severe reflux esophagitis as Los Angles grade C or D (RE‐CD).Methods:  A total of 240 patients with RE‐CD were prospectively enrolled to receive continuous pantoprazole, 40 mg daily for 6 months. The patients, who achieved complete healing and were free from acid reflux‐related symptoms during follow up, were included to receive ODT with a 40 mg pantoprazole tablet up to 1 year. Each patient was followed to assess the monthly tablet number of 40 mg pantoprazole and the cumulative rate of failure of ODT. The CYP2C19 genotype of each included patient was defined as homologous extensive metabolizer (HomoEM), heterologous extensive metabolizer (HeteroEM), and poor metabolizer (PM).Results:  Two‐hundred patients were included to receive ODT, including 51 as HomoEM, 108 as HeteroEM, and 41 as PM. There were no differences in demographic and endoscopic features among patients with different CYP2C19 genotypes (P > 0.05). The 1‐year cumulative failure rate of ODT was significantly higher in HomoEM than in HeteroEM and PM (P < 0.05, by log–rank test). For those with successful ODT during the 1‐year follow up, the mean monthly tablet number of pantoprazole was lower in PM than in HeteroEM and HomoEM (11.5 vs 16.3 and 18.6, P < 0.05).Conclusion:  For RE‐CD with complete healing after continuous pantoprazole, the successful shift to ODT is determined by the CYP2C19 genotypes of the patients.
Anatomy of an enigma: an osteological investigation of the Namibian festive gecko (Narudasia festiva: Gekkonidae: Gekkota)
Authors: Daza Juan D. , Aurich Janina , Bauer Aaron M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDaza, J.D., Aurich, J. and Bauer, A.M. 2011. Anatomy of an enigma: an osteological investigation of the Namibian festive gecko (Narudasia festiva: Gekkonidae: Gekkota). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 465–486.The monotypic genus Narudasia is a poorly studied Namibian endemic gekkonid lizard. It has been hypothesized to have close relationships with a diversity of other gekkotan genera, including representatives of three of the currently recognized families of geckos, but most such interpretations have been based solely on overall morphological similarity. X‐ray CT scans, cleared‐and‐stained specimens and conventional radiographs were used to provide a detailed osteological description of N. festiva, with an emphasis on the cranium. Narudasia exhibits a number of features associated with miniaturization, including a relatively large neurocranium and a bulging occipital condyle. However, many skeletal features differ from other minaturized taxa but are shared with one or more larger‐bodied gecko taxa. Narudasia shares a number of putatively derived features with at least some representatives of a large clade of Afro‐Malagasy gekkonids, but at present neither molecular nor osteological data adequately resolve its relationships. It remains a phylogenetic enigma, but more extensive osteological taxon sampling across the Gekkota may ultimately reveal synapomorphies uniting Narudasia with particular Afro‐Malagasy genera.
The Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies as a confounding correlation
Authors: Fraix-Burnet D. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Early-type galaxies are characterized by many scaling relations. One of them, the so-called Fundamental Plane, is a relatively tight correlation between three variables and has resisted a clear physical understanding, despite many years of intensive research. Here, we show that the correlation between the three variables of the Fundamental Plane can be the artefact of the effect of another parameter influencing all, so that the Fundamental Plane may be understood as a confounding correlation. Indeed, the complexity of the physics of galaxies and of their evolution suggests that the main confounding parameter must be related to the level of diversification reached by the galaxies. Consequently, many scaling relations for galaxies are probably evolutionary correlations.