bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Reliable Approach for Estimation of Joule-Thomson Coefficient of Reservoir Gas at Bottomhole Conditions
Authors: Pinto M. , Karale C. , Das P. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
With the advent of distributed temperature sensing (DTS), accurate and continuous monitoring of the wellbore temperature profile is possible, which helps identify fluid flow from each reservoir layer. Reliable prediction of fluid flow during large drawdown requires an accurate value of the Joule-Thomson coefficient (JTC), which is a measure of the change in temperature of a fluid for a given change in pressure at constant enthalpy. The JTC also serves as an input for interpretation of temperature log data, which can be used to identify water or gas entry locations. Furthermore, an accurate JTC value is important when modeling the thermal response of the reservoir.
The equation-of-state (EOS) method can be used to predict the JTC of reservoir gas. However, this might not be an easy task because of the complexity involved. In contrast, a simple and reliable method to evaluate the JTC for reservoir gas is presented. Conditions under which this method is applicable are discussed in detail by referring to a typical phase diagram. In addition, a discretized approach to calculate the temperature change during a throttling process using the JTC is also presented.
The methodology has been validated at three levels using experimental data available in the literature—comparison of experimental vs. predicted JTC values of mixtures, comparison of experimentally observed vs. predicted temperature drop for a given pressure drop using lab-scale data, and comparison of experimentally observed vs. predicted temperature drop for a given drawdown using actual reservoir data. A good match with experimental data was obtained within all three areas, demonstrating the reliability of the methodology.
The Chemical Treatment to Remove Liquid Block in Hydraulic Fractured Well-A Simulation Study with Leak-Off
Authors: Yuan C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The chemical treatment using surfactants/solvents can mitigate the liquid block by wettibility alteration in gas/condensate wells. Recently, its application has been extended from wettibility change in matrix to wettibility alteration in propant in hydraulic fractures and tested in field trials. The leak-off of working fluids into matrix may mitigate the liquid block in the matrix adjacent fracture walls unintentionally. However, it is not clear yet whether the mitigation in matrix from leak-off is significant, compared with the mitigation in the fracture propant, and how this may affect the job design. The experimental setup and associated results was for assessment of the treatment in fracture propant only. In the lab, the leak-off will not affect the flow in fracture since hydrocarbon is injected along the fracture to simulate the production. In reality, the hydrocarbon produce passing through the matrix blocks along fracture. And all previous modeling study and job design has ignored the leak-off. This work shows by simulation of a generic case how the leak-off may affect the design and outcome of the treatment.
This work clarifies several important design concerns for the chemical treatment in hydraulic fractured reservoir, which may be extended to natural fractured reservoir as well. This will affect the optimal treatment volume, prediction of outcome and economic evaluation. The leak off may bring little extra benefit from the removal of the block in matrix along fracture walls. But such extra benefit is not significant compared with that in the fracture propant. Due to leak-off, the treatment volume based on fracture volume is not adequate and the associated outcome prediction is optimistic. There is an optimal treatment distance along with fracture that had not been identified in previous study. There is not need to treat the fracture at its full length. Just the opposite, with leak off accounted for the attempt to treat the whole fracture will cost huge volume of working fluid and lead to extra liquid damage. The unintentional matrix treatment due to leak off will cost much more working fluid than the fracture treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the treatment volume during the job design.
Predicting the Performance of Gas Boosting Eductors
Authors: Codrington Kofi , Nouwens N. , Abder C. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Eductors, also known as ejectors or jet pumps, are used to boost low pressure (LP) flows by utilizing energy from high pressure (HP) streams. An application can use gas from an HP well to boost production from an LP well. Historically, vendors only provide the performance expectations of an eductor for initial conditions. However, as reservoirs decline, the pressure and flow regimes change making the future performance of an eductor difficult to predict.
In this study an eductor simulator was developed, modelling the performance from first principles rather than from generic curves. The development of the simulator tool was based on linking spreadsheets with Integrated Asset Modelling software (IAM). IAM is commonly used for reservoir, well and facility modelling, but does not cover eductors. The eductor itself was modelled in a spreadsheet. The simulator determines the eductor geometry based on the performance curves of user provided initial conditions. Subsequently, a novel nodal analysis method was used to solve the equations governing the motive and suction pressures at the entry and exit of the eductor. For each time step these solutions are transferred to a production simulator to establish pressure and rate decline. The simulator was found to predict eductor performance within ±1% of vendor provided initial time step solutions. As per real eductor performance, the simulator is limited in its capability to handle fluids. In general, the simulation results showed that application of eductors boosts production from LP wells, and increases ultimate recovery from their reservoirs, without impacting the ultimate recovery from the HP source.
The simulator was used to predict the performance of two new shallow gas wells boosted by gas from a sidetracked high pressure reservoir, showing an incremental 80 billion cubic feet of gas for an investment corresponding with 10% of the cost of a new well. The simulator is now used to identify eductor related reserves adding opportunities.
For the first time engineers are able to simulate the performance of a gas production boosting system, to verify options provided by vendors and to conduct economic feasibility studies with varying eductor geometries and production schedules.
18F-labelled CCR1-receptor antagonist is not suitable for imaging of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Holthoff V.A. , Mäding P. , Bergmann R. , Pawelke B. , Holl G. , von Kummer R. , Kotzerke J. , van den Hoff J. , Beuthien-Baumann B. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryDiagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) relies on typical alterations of brain glucose metabolism which are, however, not disease specific. Amyloid- β imaging has not entered clinical routine yet. Post mortem histological specimen of brain tissue from AD patients revealed enhanced expression of the chemotactic cytocine receptor 1 (CCR1). Participants, methods: CCR1-antagonist ZK811460 was labeled with fluorine-18 to explore its possible use as specific diagnostic tool in AD. Tracer characterization comprising PET imaging of brain and metabolite analysis was performed in AD patients and controls. Results: Neither qualitative evaluation nor quantitative compartment analysis of PET data did show any enhanced binding of the 18F-labeled CCR1-antagonist in the brain of AD patients or controls. Conclusion: 18F-ZK811460 did not fulfill the expectation as diagnostic tracer in PET imaging of AD.
Evaluation of the Chiral DIANANE Backbone as Ligand for Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Praz Jezabel , Guénée Laure , Aziz Sarwar , Berkessel Albrecht , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNovel endo,endo‐2,5‐diaminonorbonane‐derived tertiary C2‐symmetrical diamines were synthesized via the one‐pot reductive amination of enantiomerically pure norbornane‐2,5‐dione. These ligands were applied to various catalytic reactions such as asymmetric deprotonation, asymmetric bromine‐lithium exchange, and enantioselective addition of aryl‐ and allkylithium reagents to aromatic aldimines.
Photoinduced mesoporosity of Tert‐butoxycarbonyl acrylic photosensitive material with low dielectric constant
Authors: Lin Song‐Shiang , Chan Yu‐Jen , Lee Yu‐Der 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe have developed a photosensitive system having low dielectric constant with mesoporous. The photosensitive system we developed is patternable and the mesoporosity is generated through the combination of photo exposure and thermal treatment. The mesopores were formed in a photosensitive material to reduce its dielectric constant. Tert‐butoxycarbonyl (t‐BOC) containing acrylic copolymer was activated as a photosensitive material via photochemical reactions. Iodonium salt as a photo acid generator was exposed to ultraviolet light with a wavelength of under 365 nm to form the corresponding Lewis acid. The side chains of t‐BOC were cleaved by this Lewis acid to yield isobutylene and acrylic acid groups. The small molecules thus formed were further heated in the polymer matrix to generate mesopores. Notably, the t‐BOC content and heat affect the dimensions and number of mesopores. The dielectric constant decreased as the density of mesopores increases. The formation of mesopores was observed by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. We have also studied the mechanisms of formation of mesopores and their effects on the dielectric constant. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Surface modification of multiwalled carbon nanotubes via gliding arc plasma for the reinforcement of polypropylene
Authors: Luo Z. , Cai X. , Hong R. Y. , Li J. H. , Wei D. G. , Luo G. H. , Li H. Z. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo increase the applicability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functional groups were generated on the generally inert surface of MWCNTs using gliding arc (GA) plasma. MWCNTs were modified using plasma polymerization with styrene (St) as monomer. The surface compositional and structural changes that occur on MWCNTs were investigated using FT‐IR, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area, and elemental analysis. Dispersion of the treated MWCNTs in different solvents was evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the plasma‐treated MWCNTs had a better dispersion than the untreated ones in nonpolar solvents. Subsequently, MWCNTs‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by internal batch mixing with the addition of 1.0 wt % MWCNTs. The morphology of MWCNTs/PP nanocomposites was studied through scanning electron microscopy. Observations of SEM images showed that the plasma‐treated MWCNTs had a better dispersion than the untreated MWCNTs either on the composite fracture surfaces or inside the PP matrix. Moreover, the mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break were improved with the addition of polystyrene‐grafted MWCNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Relations between structure and property of polyamide 11 nanocomposites based on raw clays elaborated by water‐assisted extrusion
Authors: Stoclet Gregory , Sclavons Michel , Devaux Jacques 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBio‐based polymers and polymer nanocomposites have known an increasing interest during the past few years. This work is focused on the elaboration and the characterization of bio‐based nanocomposites made from polyamide 11 (PA11) and nonorganomodified montmorillonite. To elaborate these materials an original elaboration process, consisting in injecting water during the extrusion, was used. Results show that thanks to this process, a well exfoliated morphology is obtained for clay contents as high as 10% wt. This was explained on the one hand by the fact that the clay is soluble in water and on the other hand by the fact that water and PA11 are miscible at high pressure and high temperature. Moreover, the morphology analyses have revealed that from 10% wt of clay, the platelets were not totally randomly distributed but they were rather organized at a mesoscopic scale. The obtaining of such clay's dispersion involves an enhancement of thermomechanical properties. For example, for a clay content of 10% wt, the Young's modulus of the material can be doubled and its degradation temperature increased. The role of the elaboration conditions on the morphology and subsequent properties of the nanocomposites are also carefully analyzed. Finally, it has been evidenced that the presence of the filler infers on both the crystalline form induced and the crystallization kinetics. In summary, this study demonstrates that, in the case of PA11 nanocomposites, the water‐assisted injection process leads to the achievement of an exfoliated morphology for clay contents as high as 10% wt that allows to obtain high performance materials and to be free from using organomodified clays. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Analysis of drug metabolism activities in a miniaturized liver cell bioreactor for use in pharmacological studies
Authors: Hoffmann Stefan A. , Müller‐Vieira Ursula , Biemel Klaus , Knobeloch Daniel , Heydel Sandra , Lübberstedt Marc , Nüssler Andreas K. , Andersson Tommy B. , Gerlach Jörg C. , Zeilinger Katrin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBased on a hollow fiber perfusion technology with internal oxygenation, a miniaturized bioreactor with a volume of 0.5 mL for in vitro studies was recently developed. Here, the suitability of this novel culture system for pharmacological studies was investigated, focusing on the model drug diclofenac. Primary human liver cells were cultivated in bioreactors and in conventional monolayer cultures in parallel over 10 days. From day 3 on, diclofenac was continuously applied at a therapeutic concentration (6.4 µM) for analysis of its metabolism. In addition, the activity and gene expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 were assessed. Diclofenac was metabolized in bioreactor cultures with an initial conversion rate of 230 ± 57 pmol/h/106 cells followed by a period of stable conversion of about 100 pmol/h/106 cells. All CYP activities tested were maintained until day 10 of bioreactor culture. The expression of corresponding mRNAs correlated well with the degree of preservation. Immunohistochemical characterization showed the formation of neo‐tissue with expression of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and the drug transporters breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in the bioreactor. In contrast, monolayer cultures showed a rapid decline of diclofenac conversion and cells had largely lost activity and mRNA expression of the assessed CYP isoforms at the end of the culture period. In conclusion, diclofenac metabolism, CYP activities and gene expression levels were considerably more stable in bioreactor cultures, making the novel bioreactor a useful tool for pharmacological or toxicological investigations requiring a highly physiological in vitro representation of the liver. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 3172–3181. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Materials with Extreme Negative Compressibility: Selective Soft‐Mode Frustration in KMn[Ag(CN)2]3.
Authors: Cairns Andrew B. , Thompson Amber L. , Tucker Matthew G. , Haines Julien , Goodwin Andrew L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe title compound is characterized by variable pressure neutron powder diffraction measurements and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Composite Li[Li0.11Mn0.57Ni0.32]O2: Two‐Step Molten‐Salt Synthesis, Oxidation State Stabilization, and Uses as High‐Voltage Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Yu Chuang , Li Guangshe , Guan Xiangfeng , Zheng Jing , Li Liping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe title composite is prepared by a two‐step molten salt method starting with a ground mixture of Li(OAc), Mn(OAc)2, Ni(OAc)2, and NaOH (1.
ChemInform Abstract: In Operando X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies of Polyoxometalate Molecular Cluster Batteries: Polyoxometalates as Electron Sponges.
Authors: Wang Heng , Hamanaka Shun , Nishimoto Yoshio , Irle Stephan , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMo K‐edge XAFS measurements on rechargeable molecular cluster batteries in which (NBu4)3[PMo12O40] is used as cathode material and Li metal as anode reveal that all 12 Mo6+ ions in [PMo12O40]3‐ are reduced to Mo4+ in the discharge process, leading to the formation of [PMo12O40]27‐, which stores 24 electrons.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties of a Three‐Dimensional Quaternary Hg—In—S—Cl Chalcohalide: Hg7InS6Cl5.
Authors: Liu Yi , Wei Fengxia , Yeo Sing Ning , Lee Fu Min , Kloc Christian , Yan Qingyu , Hng Huey Hoon , Ma Jan , Zhang Qichun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of Hg2Cl2, In2S3, and sulfur (evacuated silica tube, 450 °C, 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Indium‐Mediated Allylation of N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines: Easy Access to Asymmetric Quaternary Stereocenters Bearing Nitrogen Atoms.
Authors: Sirvent Juan Alberto , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe title reaction affords homoallylic derivatives (III), (V), (VII) and (X) with the nitrogen atom bonded to a quaternary stereocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Imidazoles and Imidazole N‐Oxides as Ligands for Stereoselective Cyclopropanation Reactions.
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Mucha Paulina , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNew chiral imidazole‐derived ligands are tested in the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with Diisopropyl Azodicarboxylate Catalyzed by Nitroxyl Radicals.
Authors: Hayashi Masaki , Shibuya Masatoshi , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe simple, mild, and efficient method for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones includes a selective formation of diketones, hydroxy aldehydes, and hydroxy ketones from diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Me3(OMe)tBuXPhos: A Surrogate Ligand for Me4tBuXPhos in Palladium‐Catalyzed C—N and C—O Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Ueda Satoshi , Ali Siraj , Fors Brett P. , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe new and inexpensive phosphine promotes the Pd‐catalyzed arylation of nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles and shows the same effectivity as Me4tBuXPhos.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Assessment of the Efficiency of Chitosan Biohydrogel Beads as Recyclable and Heterogeneous Organocatalyst for C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Kuehbeck Dennis , Saidulu G. , Reddy K. Rajender , Diaz David Diaz 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe efficiency of chitosan hydrogel beads as catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation, Henry reaction, aldol reaction, and Michael addition reaction is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylation of Fluorosulfones for the Preparation Fluoroalkylidene Precursors.
Authors: Larnaud Florent , Pfund Emmanuel , Linclau Bruno , Lequeux Thierry 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCompounds (Ib) ‐ (Ig) are readily prepared by direct alkylation of derivative (Ia) in a one‐pot procedure and smoothly undergo decarboxylation under the described neutral reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Calix[2]phenol[2]pyrrole and a Fused Pyrrolidine‐Containing Derivative.
Authors: Jung Kwang‐Bok , Kim Sung Kuk , Lynch Vincent M. , Cho Dong‐Gyu , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo new hybrid calixarene‐calixpyrrole systems (III) and (V) are prepared according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Stereoselective Organocatalyzed Aldol Reaction of 2‐Hydroxycyclobutanone.
Authors: Aitken David J. , Capitta Francesca , Frongia Angelo , Ollivier Jean , Piras Pier Paolo , Secci Francesco 
Published: June 2012

AbstractL‐Threonine catalyzes the reaction to give the syn‐diastereomers (III) predominantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allenes via Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Propargylic Bromides with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Li Qinghan , Gau Hanmou 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMonosubstituted aryl‐ and alkylallenes are produced with high regioselectivity, if alkyne (I) is used as the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Aromatic Amination Based on Carbon—Nitrogen Coupling Reaction Between Aryl Halides and Azido Compounds.
Authors: Maejima Toshihide , Shimoda Yutaka , Nozaki Kei , Mori Shigeki , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel synthetic method for the synthesis of the primary arylamines (II) is developed and applied to the synthesis of procaine (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Insertion of Aryl Iodides to Nitriles: A Novel Method to Synthesize Arylketones.
Authors: Hsieh Jen‐Chieh , Chen Yen‐Chung , Cheng An‐Yi , Tseng Hsiao‐Chun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe process, carried out in the presence of Zn, tolerates electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing groups and is not sensitive to steric effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzoic Acids and Polybenzamides Containing Tertiary Alkylamino Functionality.
Authors: Khan Gul Shahzada , Dickson Benjamin D. , Barker David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA simple and easily scalable synthesis of the title benzoic acids is achieved from readily available aminobenzoic acids or terephthaloyl chloride and needs almost no chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Arylation/Oxidation of Benzylic C—H Bond.
Authors: Xie Yongju , Yang Yuzhu , Huang Lehao , Zhang Xunbin , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe presence of a bidentate directing group such as pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline is essential for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Anchored Palladium(II) Schiff Base Complex: A Reusable Catalyst for Phosphine‐Free and Copper‐Free Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Islam Manirul , Mondal P. , Roy A. Singha , Tuhina K. , Mondal S. , Hossain D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel polystyrene‐supported Pd(II) complex is synthesized and applied as heterogenous catalyst for Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions under copper‐ and phosphine‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Oxidative Lewis Base Catalysis—Unifying Iminium and Enamine Organocatalysis with Oxidations.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Sunden Henrik , Hubener Lukas , Sugiono Erli 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA novel domino oxidation—asymmetric malonate addition reaction is presented, which affords chiral aryl(formyl)cyclopropanedicarboxylates (III) or linear aldehydes (VII) in moderate to high enantioselectivity (up to 98% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Methyl‐ and 3,4‐Dimethylfurans Using Alkoxide, Thiolate, and Phenoxide‐Mediated Cyclization of 4‐Oxahepta‐1,6‐diynes Bearing Sulfur and Selenium Functional Groups.
Authors: Takahashi Nami , Nagase Yuya , Tanabe Genzoh , Muraoka Osamu , Yoshimatsu Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe cyclizations proceed with desulfanylation and are carried out without addition of transition metals.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Three‐Component Domino Reaction of Alkynyl Aldehydes with Oxindoles.
Authors: Du Ding , Hu Zhongyuan , Jin Jianlin , Lu Yingyan , Tang Weifang , Wang Bo , Lu Tao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reaction leads to the stereoselective formation of highly functionalized spirooxindole 4H‐pyran‐2‐ones with three contiguous stereocenters, generally accompanied by small amounts of Knoevenagel products.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Unsubstituted Oxindole‐1‐carboxamides.
Authors: Porcs‐Makkay Marta , Volk Balazs , Kokai Eszter , Simig Gyula 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the most cases, the one‐pot approach affords the best results in term of yield and synthetic simplicity.