bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scale for the measurement of University teachers’ attitudes towards the integration of ICT
Authors: Tejedor-Tejedor Francisco Javier , García-Valcárcel-Muñoz-Repiso Ana , Prada-San-Segundo Sagrario 
Published: September 2009

Our intention was to study the attitudes of educators in the context of the research project entitled «Integration of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) as teaching tools at University within the framework of the European Higher Education Area». To do this, a Likert-type scale of attitudes was created rigorously following all the steps indicated by the experts. The scale consists of 24 items along with their characteristics of discrimination (all the t values for each item when compared to the averages among extreme groups are highly significant); reliability (calculated through different procedures, provides us with values, all of which are above 0.95); and validity (factorial validity; criteria validity: a correlation of 0.92 between the scores of the scale regarding the criterion «behaviour») could be considered completely satisfactory.
Pretendemos estudiar las actitudes de los docentes en el contexto de la investigación «Integración de las TIC como herramientas docentes en la universidad dentro del marco del espacio europeo». Para ello se ha elaborado una escala de actitudes tipo Likert siguiendo con rigurosidad todos los pasos indicados por los expertos. La escala construida consta de 24 ítems y sus características de discriminación (todos los valores t para cada ítem al comparar las medias entre grupos extremos son altamente significativos); fiabilidad (calculada por distintos procedimientos nos proporciona valores todos ellos superiores a 0.95) y validez (validez factorial: estructura factorial unidimensional con un primer factor que explica por sí solo el 50% de la variabilidad; validez criterial: una correlación de 0.92 entre las puntuaciones de la escala respecto al criterio «comportamiento») pueden considerarse plenamente satisfactorias.
H∞ control for linear systems with state saturation nonlinearities
Authors: Ji Xiaofu , Sun Yukun , Su Hongye 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe problem of H∞ control for a class of linear systems with state saturation nonlinearities is considered in this paper. By introducing a row diagonally dominant matrix with negative diagonal elements and a diagonal matrix with positive elements, the H∞ control problem is reduced to a matrix inequality feasibility problem that can be solved by the proposed iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm. The effectiveness of the presented method is demonstrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Pharmacokinetic behavior of huperzine A in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after intranasal administration in rats
Authors: Wang Qiao , Chen Guoshen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of huperzine A (Hup A) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after intranasal administration (0.5 mg/kg) in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. A pharmacokinetic study of intravenous Hup A (0.5 mg/kg) was also performed. The concentrations of Hup A in the biological samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein and CSF was sampled by cisternal puncture using a stereotaxic frame. The contribution of the olfactory pathway to the uptake of Hup A into CSF was determined by comparing the AUCCSF/AUCplasma ratios after intranasal and intravenous administration. The AUC ratios of intranasal to intravenous administration in CSF and plasma were 104% and 118%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the AUCCSF/AUCplasma ratios of Hup A after intranasal administration (20%) and after intravenous infusion (23%). This indicated that approximately 20% of the Hup A level in plasma reached the CSF after both nasal and intravenous administration, and that no direct transport of Hup A from nose to CSF was found in rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mentally ill individuals in limbo: obstacles and opportunities for providing psychiatric services to corrections inmates with mental illness
Authors: Olley Maureen C. , Nicholls Tonia L. , Brink Johann 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFor more than two millennia, prison reformers and inmate advocates have lamented the ethical and humanitarian injustices experienced by persons with mental illness in correctional settings; yet, we continue to see mentally ill individuals stuck in limbo between health care and custody. Using a case study that exemplifies the challenges that can prevent the provision of efficient mental health care in correctional settings, we identify the gaps and failures in service delivery, and provide specific strategies for streamlining inmates' access to psychiatric assessment and treatment. As a backdrop, we present a brief overview of the reasons why correctional centres experience difficulties in ensuring expedient care (e.g., competence, mental health legislation, waitlists) as well as reviewing the prevalence of mental health needs in correctional settings. Using the partnership and strategic alignment that have been developed for several years between our forensic psychiatric system and our provincial correctional system, we provide a roadmap to successfully reducing wait times and enhancing service delivery to mentally ill inmates. In our view, custody admissions provide a rare opportunity to provide mental health (and other services) to marginalized individuals who often slip through the cracks. imPROVE and related programs and strategies have been found to be effective means of preventing these opportunities from being lost. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid media transition: An experimental approach for steady state analysis of metabolic pathways
Authors: Link Hannes , Anselment Bernd , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCommonly steady state analysis of microbial metabolism is performed under well defined physiological conditions in continuous cultures with fixed external rates. However, most industrial bioprocesses are operated in fed‐batch mode under non‐stationary conditions, which cannot be realized in chemostat cultures. A novel experimental setup—rapid media transition—enables steady state perturbation of metabolism on a time scale of several minutes in parallel to operating bioprocesses. For this purpose, cells are separated from the production process and transferred into a lab‐scale stirred‐tank reactor with modified environmental conditions. This new approach was evaluated experimentally in four rapid media transition experiments with Escherichia coli from a fed‐batch process. We tested the reaction to different carbon sources entering at various points of central metabolism. In all cases, the applied substrates (glucose, succinate, acetate, and pyruvate) were immediately utilized by the cells. Extracellular rates and metabolome data indicate a metabolic steady state during the short‐term cultivation. Stoichiometric analysis revealed distribution of intracellular fluxes, which differs drastically subject to the applied carbon source. For some reactions, the variation of flux could be correlated to changes of metabolite concentrations. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Studies of lysozyme binding to histamine as a ligand for hydrophobic charge induction chromatography
Authors: Shi Qing‐Hong , Shen Fang‐Fang , Sun Shu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHistamine was immobilized on Sepharose CL‐6B (Sepharose) for use as a ligand of hydrophobic charge induction chromatography (HCIC) of proteins. Lysozyme adsorption onto Histamine‐Sepharose (HA‐S) was studied by adsorption equilibrium and calorimetry to uncover the thermodynamic mechanism of the protein binding. In both the experiments, the influence of salt (ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfate) was examined. Adsorption isotherms showed that HA‐S exhibited a high salt tolerance in lysozyme adsorption. This property was well explained by the combined contributions of hydrophobic interaction and aromatic stacking. The isotherms were well fitted to the Langmuir equation, and the equilibrium parameters for lysozyme adsorption were obtained. In addition, thermodynamic parameters (ΔHads, ΔSads, and ΔGads) for the adsorption were obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry by titrating lysozyme solutions into the adsorbent suspension. Furthermore, free histamine was titrated into lysozyme solution in the same salt‐buffers. Compared with the binding of lysozyme to free histamine, lysozyme adsorption onto HA‐S was characterized by a less favorable ΔGads and an unfavorable ΔSads because histamine was covalently attached to Sepharose via a three‐carbon‐chain spacer. Consequently, the immobilized histamine could only associate with the residues on the protein surface rather than those in the hydrophobic pocket, causing a less favorable orientation between histamine and lysozyme. Further comparison of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the unfavorable ΔSads was offset by a favorable ΔHads, thus exhibiting typical enthalpy‐entropy compensation. Moreover, thermodynamic analyses indicated the importance of the dehydration of lysozyme molecule and HA‐S during the adsorption and a substantial conformational change of the protein during adsorption. The results have provided clear insights into the adsorption mechanisms of lysozyme onto the new HCIC material. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Tracing of intracellular zinc(II) fluorescence flux to monitor cell apoptosis by using FluoZin‐3AM
Authors: Li Yi‐Ming , Shi Jing , Wu Xu , Luo Zhao‐Feng , Wang Feng‐Liang , Guo Qing‐Xiang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChanges in the free zinc(II) concentration are closely related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, especially during the early apoptotic process. In the present paper, we demonstrated that zinc(II) probe FluoZin‐3AM owns sensitive properties to distinguish different stages of apoptotic cell (induced by an anticancer agent, etoposide) according to trace intracellular zinc(II) fluorescence flux. When apoptosis in HeLa or K562 cells was artificially induced, FluoZin‐3AM selectively and strongly stained apoptotic cells only at early and middle stages, which was attributed to significantly increased free zinc(II) flux during these stages. This conclusion was further verified by comparing it with the conventional apoptosis detector probe Annexin‐V‐FITC and PI. Furthermore, FluoZin‐3AM was found cell permeable to detect the intracellular zinc(II) fluorescence enhancement to threefolds within 120 s with low cytotoxicity when zinc(II) was incorporated into the cell by zinc(II) ionophore pyrithione. All the above implied that monitoring intracellular zinc fluorescence flux was an effective method to distinguish cell apoptosis from necrosis, and FluoZin‐3AM was found to be a suitable probe acting alone to fulfill the work. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Effect of Enhanced Mass Transfer on Side Reactions in Capillary Microreactors during High‐Temperature Synthesis of an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Waterkamp D. A. , Engelbert M. , Thöming J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this work, the high‐temperature production of the imidazolium‐based ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIM]Br) by means of micro reaction technology was investigated. This reaction is strongly exothermic and a two‐phase liquid/liquid system is formed. Heat and mass transfer limitations can, therefore, have a negative effect on product quality and reaction rate. Here we demonstrate that, even at harsh thermal conditions, the ionic liquid, [BMIM]Br, can be produced at high quality. Side product formation, which usually occurs at elevated temperatures, leading to strong discolorization, can be avoided by enhancing mass transfer in a capillary slug flow. This was done by adjusting the flow rate so that the reaction regime shifted from strongly mass transfer limited to kinetically controlled. Here, the Hatta‐number had been shown to be a suitable measure for defining the minimal flow rate. At 145 °C, [BMIM]Br could be produced continuously within a residence time of 1.3 min and at a space time yield of 1240 kg L–1day–1. This successful approach for continuous ionic liquid production with up to a thousand‐fold space time yield compared to batch processes could be easily transferred to other imidazolium‐based ionic liquids.
Covalent Modification of Glassy Carbon Surfaces by Using Electrochemical and Solid‐Phase Synthetic Methodologies: Application to Bi‐ and Trifunctionalisation with Different Redox Centres
Authors: Chrétien Jean‐Mathieu , Ghanem Mohamed A. , Bartlett Philip N. , Kilburn Jeremy D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGlassy carbon electrodes functionalised with two redox centres have been prepared by using electrochemical and solid‐phase synthetic methodologies. Initially the individual coupling of anthraquinone, nitrobenzene and dihydroxybenzene to a glassy carbon electrode bearing an ethylenediamine linker was optimised by using different coupling agents and conditions. Bifunctionalisation was then carried out, either simultaneously, with a mixture of nitrobenzene and dihydroxybenzene, or sequentially, with anthraquinone then nitrobenzene and with anthraquinone then dihydroxybenzene. Characterisation of these electrodes by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry clearly proved the attachment of the pairs of redox centres to the glassy carbon electrode. Their partial surface coverages can be controlled by varying the coupling agent or by controlling the substrate concentration during the solid‐phase coupling process. Trifunctionalisation was also realised according to this methodology.
Cationic Allyl Complexes of the Rare‐Earth Metals: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and 1,3‐Butadiene Polymerization Catalysis
Authors: Robert Dominique , Abinet Elise , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMonocationic bis‐allyl complexes [Ln(η3‐C3H5)2(thf)3]+[B(C6X5)4]− (Ln=Y, La, Nd; X=H, F) and dicationic mono‐allyl complexes of yttrium and the early lanthanides [Ln(η3‐C3H5)(thf)6]2+[BPh4]2− (Ln=La, Nd) were prepared by protonolysis of the tris‐allyl complexes [Ln(η3‐C3H5)3(diox)] (Ln=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; diox=1,4‐dioxane) isolated as a 1,4‐dioxane‐bridged dimer (Ln=Ce) or THF adducts [Ln(η3‐C3H5)3(thf)2] (Ln=Ce, Pr). Allyl abstraction from the neutral tris‐allyl complex by a Lewis acid, ER3 (Al(CH2SiMe3)3, BPh3) gave the ion pair [Ln(η3‐C3H5)2(thf)3]+[ER3(η1‐CH2CHCH2)]− (Ln=Y, La; ER3=Al(CH2SiMe3)3, BPh3). Benzophenone inserts into the LaCallyl bond of [La(η3‐C3H5)2(thf)3]+[BPh4]− to form the alkoxy complex [La{OCPh2(CH2CHCH2)}2(thf)3]+[BPh4]−. The monocationic half‐sandwich complexes [Ln(η5‐C5Me4SiMe3)(η3‐C3H5)(thf)2]+[B(C6X5)4]− (Ln=Y, La; X=H, F) were synthesized from the neutral precursors [Ln(η5‐C5Me4SiMe3)(η3‐C3H5)2(thf)] by protonolysis. For 1,3‐butadiene polymerization catalysis, the yttrium‐based systems were more active than the corresponding lanthanum or neodymium homologues, giving polybutadiene with approximately 90 % 1,4‐cis stereoselectivity.
Biology‐Oriented Combined Solid‐ and Solution‐Phase Synthesis of a Macroline‐Like Compound Collection
Authors: Wilk Wolfram , Nören‐Müller Andrea , Kaiser Markus , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMacrolines constitute a class of natural products that has more than 100 members and displays diverse biological activities. These compounds feature a cycloocta[b]indole scaffold that represents an interesting target structure for biology‐oriented synthesis (BIOS). We have presented a solid‐phase synthesis of isomerically pure cycloocta[b]indoles by employing the Pictet–Spengler reaction and the Dieckmann cyclization as key steps. The scope of this reaction sequence was investigated in more detail by using various additional diversification procedures, such as Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira or Suzuki couplings on a solid phase, thus allowing, for example, the generation of 10‐substituted cycloocta[b]indole derivatives. Finally, solution‐phase decoration of the cycloocta[b]indole skeleton by reduction and saponification was evaluated, thereby further extending the scope of the solid‐phase synthesis.
Analyse des grenzschichtnahen Stofftransports an frei aufsteigenden Gasblasen
Authors: Kück U. D. , Schlüter M. , Räbiger N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn Gas‐/Flüssigkeits‐Kontaktapparaten hat die möglichst effektive Ausnutzung der Gasphase bei minimalen Energiekosten, optimalen Kontaktzeiten und hohen Stoffaustauschraten eine maßgebende Bedeutung. Dabei werden Nachlaufgebiete von dispergierten Gasblasen zunehmend auch als lokale Mischorgane verstanden, die einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Meso‐ und Mikrovermischung in Mehrphasenströmungen leisten. Ein besseres Verständnis der Vorgänge im grenzschichtnahen Bereich eröffnet neue Perspektiven zur Prozessintensivierung und damit zur gezielten Reaktionsführung. Zur umfassenden Beschreibung des gekoppelten Impuls‐, Wärme‐ und Stoffaustausches in Mehrphasenströmungen sind jedoch Detailkenntnisse erforderlich, die bisher aufgrund der komplexen Zusammenhänge und messtechnischen Unzugänglichkeit nur in geringem Maße zur Verfügung stehen. Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen der sich grenzschichtnah ausbildenden Geschwindigkeits‐ und Konzentrationsfelder an frei aufsteigenden Gasblasen in wässriger Umgebung werden beschrieben. Hierbei werden die sich einstellenden Geschwindigkeits‐ und Konzentrationsfelder mittels Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) und Laser Induzierter Fluoreszenz (LIF) vermessen, um lokale hydrodynamische Effekte sowie örtliche Konzentrationsgradienten entlang der Phasengrenzfläche aufzuklären. Hierdurch wird eine Massenstrombilanzierung und Berechnung lokaler, momentaner Stoffaustauschraten ermöglicht. Während im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit die Mess‐ und Auswertungsmethodik erläutert wird, erfolgt im zweiten Teil die Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse.
Ad‐ und Desorption von Zweikomponentensystemen an Aktivkohlen
Authors: Ciprian J. , Arlt W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn der Gasphasenadsorption an Aktivkohle hat sich als klassische Regeneriermethode die Wasserdampfdesorption bewährt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird es primär die Frage untersucht, ob bei der Inertgasdesorption von zwei Komponenten, eine davon Wasser, immer zuerst Wasser desorbiert wird. Dann können komplexere Lösemittelaufarbeitungen und/oder Abwasserbehandlungsmaßnahmen vermieden werden. Wasser in Koadsorption mit den untersuchten Lösemitteln Aceton, THF und Toluol kann nur dann als erste Komponente desorbiert werden, wenn das Lösemittel nicht in Wasser löslich ist. Bei in Wasser teilweise oder vollständig löslichen Komponenten sind die Verhältnisse komplizierter, hier sind auch die Eigenschaften der Aktivkohle von Bedeutung. Derartige Fälle bedürfen einer experimentellen Abklärung im Einzelfall.
Untersuchungen zur statistischen Zündwahrscheinlichkeit mechanisch erzeugter Schlagfunken im explosionsgefährdeten Bereich
Authors: Grunewald T. , Finke R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag stellt – zusätzlich zur Vervollständigung der empirischen Untersuchung über die Zündwahrscheinlichkeit der Werkstoffpaarung Stahl/Stahl – einen ersten Versuch zur statistischen Erfassung von messbaren Eigenschaften durch Schlagvorgänge abgetrennter Partikel und ihren möglichen Einfluss auf die Zündwahrscheinlichkeit bei Schlagfunkenversuchen vor. Ein eindeutiges Ergebnis der statistischen Untersuchung ist die Zunahme der abgetrennten Partikel und des prozentualen Anteils oxidierter Partikel mit der Schlagenergie bei Acetylen/Luft. Je mehr Partikel abgetrennt werden, umso größer ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass aus der Menge der Partikel diese durch Oxidation über genügend Energie zur Zündung des Brenngas/Luft‐Gemisches verfügt. Um genügend Energie zur Zündung eines Brenngas/Luft‐Gemisches zur Verfügung zu haben, muss das oxidierte Partikel eine bestimmte Größe übersteigen, da es dann mehr Wärme in das umgebende Gas ableiten kann.
CO2 – und was nun? Technische Optionen für den Umgang mit CO2
Authors: Bazzanella A. M. , Ausfelder F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDer durch anthropogene Emissionen von CO2 und anderen klimarelevanten Gasen verursachte Klimawandel ist Gegenstand einer intensiven öffentlichen Debatte. Die politischen Bemühungen, den Klimawandel zu begrenzen, wurden intensiviert, doch bei allen Bemühungen um die Reduzierung von CO2‐Emissionen führen die diskutierten Szenarien zum Klimawandel zu einer Erhöhung der globalen Durchschnittstemperatur. Selbst für das günstigste Szenario werden +2 °C bis 2100 erwartet. Das Europäische Parlament verabschiedete eine Resolution, die die Europäische Kommission auffordert, ein umfangreiches Maßnahmenpaket vorzulegen mit dem Ziel, alle Möglichkeiten zur Gewährleistung des +2 °C‐Zieles auszuschöpfen.
StgDomain—scalable parallel domain software components for particle‐in‐cell finite element methods
Authors: Quenette S. , Hodkinson L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractComputational models for geodynamics are becoming increasingly complex. The rise in complexity comes from an increasingly complex set of coupled, non‐linear equations as well as increasing problem scales, and attempts to encapsulate effects occurring across different time and length scales. Portability, reuse and scalability of code, and solvers in particular, are thus becoming increasingly important for the community. This paper analyses the scalability of fundamental and highly reused components within a suite of geodynamics codes that utilize the Particle‐In‐Cell Finite Element Method. The components demonstrate highly scalable domain‐decomposed meshes and particle swarms. Performance measures of processor counts, mesh and swarm sizes, and the size/number of state variables are provided, together with factors that can affect scalability (especially 3D decompositions). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐seismic changes of noise correlation function (NCF) before the Wenchuan earthquake?
Authors: Peng Hanshu , Wu Zhongliang , Jiang Changsheng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe calculated noise correlation function (NCF) around the Longmenshan fault zone which is responsible for the WenchuanMS8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008. We used 58 station pairs in the investigation. The time period considered was from April 21, 12:00 a.m. local time, to May 12, 2008, 12:00 a.m. local time, 22 days before the occurrence of the earthquake. Correlation coefficient between NCF of each day and its previous day (the ‘second cross‐correlation’) was calculated. Four hundred second long waveform is used in the ‘second cross‐correlation’. Before the earthquake, there seemed to be an apparent variation of such correlation coefficient, and such a pattern seemed coherent for almost all the station pairs. From the scattering around the periodical variations of the ‘second cross‐correlation’, a seemingly precursory change can be observed. However, at the present stage, it is still hard to draw any conclusion about the precursory changes before the earthquake. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.