bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and future challenges of digital twins for structural health monitoring in civil infrastructures
Authors: Parida Lukesh , Moharana Sumedha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the development of digital twins has transformed the area of structural health monitoring (SHM), facilitating continuous monitoring, evaluation, and forecasting of structural behaviors. This article examines the use of digital twins in the SHM of building infrastructure advancements in detail. The study examines the fundamental aspects, case studies, challenges, and recent developments in this rapidly growing field. In addition, the article addresses examples of real world use of digital twins to evaluate the condition of civil infrastructures, revealing their potential to enhance the performance of structures, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the resiliency of urban infrastructure development. This research comprehensively investigates the application of digital twins in significant infrastructure development for SHM. This study is invaluable for academia, researchers, and professionals using digital twin technology to improve the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of built environments. This study also promotes the deployment of digital twins for SHM applications and the practical implications of these needs.
The Mirror Stage
Authors: Sykes Katharine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which ideas about spiritual reproduction that were fostered in monastic and episcopal households in the seventh and eighth centuries were adopted in royal households in the ninth to eleventh centuries to develop metanarratives of spiritual paternity. These metanarratives owed a debt to the language of ministerial kingship that had developed within Carolingian circles, but they also drew on texts that had been composed in the English kingdoms in the seventh and eighth centuries, and which acted as mirrors: they reflected the concerns of the present onto the past, and the concerns of the past onto the present.
The Intrinsic Value of Heritage
Authors: Frowe Helen , Matravers Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies and elaborates some familiar reasons for valuing heritage (such as a heritage site giving us a sense of connection with the past). Our deeper interest, though, lies in the capacity of such features to contribute to our ability to live flourishing lives. The ability of heritage sites and artefacts to make these contributions is essentially connected to their particular properties, such as being the place where our ancestors worshipped or the desk where Charles Dickens wrote Great Expectations. Our account explains why we have reason to value both heritage that matters for our own flourishing and heritage that matters for other people’s flourishing. Each person’s flourishing is morally significant and, thus, we each have moral reason to care that other people enjoy flourishing lives. This, in turn, gives us moral reason to protect heritage that contributes to that flourishing. These reasons can justify the imposition of non-consensual risks of even serious harm on persons, permitting us to impose some such risks in order to protect heritage. They can also ground duties to incur risk to ourselves to avoid damaging heritage and to save heritage from other threats. Our account therefore vindicates the Hague Convention’s assumption that we can justify harms to persons for the sake of protecting heritage. Nevertheless, there are intuitively plausible limits to these risks, and these limits are comparatively low. We cannot, ordinarily, justify either imposing or forcing people to incur even moderate risk of serious harm for the sake of protecting heritage. Unless a person consents to bear or incur such a risk, imposing or forcing her to incur it is impermissible.
Combatants and the Incurring of Risks
Authors: Frowe Helen , Matravers Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 explores some of the constraints on ordering even consenting combatants to protect heritage. It argues, first, that combatants may be ordered to incur risks of serious harm for the sake of heritage only when that heritage is significant for at least some individuals’ flourishing. They may be ordered to incur somewhat greater risks for the sake of heritage that is significant to a greater number of people’s flourishing. These constraints demand a different approach to no-strike lists for heritage in war that focuses on the likely effect of destroying or damaging a heritage site on individuals’ flourishing. Existing no-strike lists are unlikely to provide this information and therefore cannot guide commanders’ decisions about whether to order combatants to incur risks. It then considers how two deontological distinctions bear on the degree of risk that combatants can be ordered to incur. In line with the moral significance of the distinction between doing and allowing harm, combatants may be ordered to incur more risk to avoid damaging heritage than they may be ordered to incur to save heritage from other threats. However, the familiar distinction between intended and foreseen harms does not bear on the permissibility of damaging of heritage. Other things being equal, it is no harder to justify intentionally damaging heritage, including usefully damaging heritage, than it is to justify collaterally damaging heritage. Hence, combatants may not be ordered to incur more risk to avoid targeting heritage sites than they may be ordered to incur to avoid collaterally damaging heritage sites.
Lethal Defence of Heritage
Authors: Frowe Helen , Matravers Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 addresses recent calls to engage in military intervention in order to prevent the destruction of heritage, which raises the broader issue of using force to defend heritage. Unlike the instrumental justifications that we consider in Chapter 3, these arguments hold that heritage warrants lethal defence in its own right. The chapter articulates some important moral assumptions that underpin this view—in particular, the assumption that it is proportionate to intentionally kill or seriously harm a person for the sake of saving heritage. Despite its centrality to the interventionist proposal, this assumption is both unacknowledged and undefended by its proponents. Drawing on work on the ethics of defensive harm, the chapter outlines the idea that a person can render herself morally liable to proportionate defensive harm by culpably threatening unjust harm. We grant that those attacking heritage culpably threaten unjust harm; we doubt that lethal or seriously harmful force is a proportionate response to these threats. However, the aim of this chapter is not to disprove the interventionists’ assumption but rather to show that any defence of the interventionist proposal must include a defence of these controversial claims.
Environmentally associated colour divergence does not coincide with population structure across Lesser Antillean anoles
Authors: Jung Catherine , Frederick Jeffrey H , Graham Natalie R , Wang Ian J , Fenton Calvin , de Queiroz Kevin , Bell Rayna C , Yuan Michael L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Species distributed across heterogeneous environments may undergo local adaptation, which can be limited by the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Lesser Antillean anoles exhibit dorsal colour variation associated with dramatic shifts in environment across small spatial scales, providing an excellent system for studying the maintenance of local adaptation despite ongoing gene flow. The 1995 Soufriere Hills eruption on Montserrat provides an opportunity to understand how natural disasters may influence the evolution of insular species. Thus, our study had two main objectives. First, we collected genetic, phenotypic, and environmental data to investigate whether environmentally associated dorsal coloration reflects underlying population structure in three species of Lesser Antillean anoles. Second, we examined the short-term evolutionary consequences of volcanism by comparing pre- and posteruption samples of Anolis lividus using multilocus sequence data. We found all three species exhibited genetic isolation-by-distance but not isolation-by-environment. Furthermore, phenotypic differences within each species were not predicted by genetic distances, suggesting gene flow across colour morphs. We confirmed the repopulation of A. lividus in the impacted area and found genetic diversity equivalent to pre-eruption sampling. Our findings contribute to our understanding of local adaptation in spatially small-scale systems and the impact of catastrophic natural disasters on population structure.
Brain complexity in stroke recovery after bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation in mice
Authors: Miraglia Francesca , Pappalettera Chiara , Barbati Saviana Antonella , Podda Maria Vittoria , Grassi Claudio , Rossini Paolo Maria , Vecchio Fabrizio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. There are many different rehabilitation approaches aimed at improving clinical outcomes for stroke survivors. One of the latest therapeutic techniques is the non-invasive brain stimulation. Among non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising results in enhancing motor and cognitive recovery both in animal models of stroke and stroke survivors. In this framework, one of the most innovative methods is the bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation that simultaneously increases excitability in one hemisphere and decreases excitability in the contralateral one. As bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation can create a more balanced modulation of brain activity, this approach may be particularly useful in counteracting imbalanced brain activity, such as in stroke. Given these premises, the aim of the current study has been to explore the recovery after stroke in mice that underwent a bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation treatment, by recording their electric brain activity with local field potential and by measuring behavioural outcomes of Grip Strength test. An innovative parameter that explores the complexity of signals, namely the Entropy, recently adopted to describe brain activity in physiopathological states, was evaluated to analyse local field potential data. Results showed that stroke mice had higher values of Entropy compared to healthy mice, indicating an increase in brain complexity and signal disorder due to the stroke. Additionally, the bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation reduced Entropy in both healthy and stroke mice compared to sham stimulated mice, with a greater effect in stroke mice. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between Entropy and Grip Strength values, indicating that higher Entropy values resulted in lower Grip Strength engagement. Concluding, the current evidence suggests that the Entropy index of brain complexity characterizes stroke pathology and recovery. Together with this, bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation can modulate brain rhythms in animal models of stroke, providing potentially new avenues for rehabilitation in humans.
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: demographic, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects. A retrospective monocentric analysis
Authors: Zengarini Corrado , Guglielmo Alba , Bandini Giulia , Filippini Andrea , Mussi Martina , Agostinelli Claudio , Sabattini Elena , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Pileri Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (PCSM-LPDs), represent a rare group of haematological diseases primarily affecting the skin. In this retrospective single-centre case series study, we aimed to investigate the demographic, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of PCSM-LPD. We collected data from cases diagnosed between 2010 and the present, employing histopathological and immunohistochemical methods following the World Health Organization criteria. We included 22 patients with a median age of 61.5 years and a median time between clinical onset and diagnosis of 3.0 months. Surgical excision with conservative margins was the primary choice, showing clinical remission in 17 cases, while nonsurgical treatments, including radiotherapy, high-potency steroids and ablative laser, achieved clinical remission in four cases. Clinical presentations varied, but the most common was a single violaceous nodule or papule on the upper body parts. In conclusion, our single-centre case series provides valuable insights into PCSM-LPD, highlighting the effectiveness of surgical treatments and the potential of nonsurgical ones. Even if controversial, the benign nature of PCSM-LPD emphasizes the importance of achieving tumour clearance with acceptable aesthetic outcomes.
Inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis by sirtuin-1 improves beta-cell function and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Velagapudi Srividya , Karsai Gergely , Karsai Maria , Mohammed Shafeeq A , Montecucco Fabrizio , Liberale Luca , Lee Hwan , Carbone Federico , Adami Giovanni Francesco , Yang Kangmin , Crucet Margot , Stein Sokrates , Paneni Franceso , Lapikova-Bryhinska Tetiana , Jang Hyun-Duk , Kraler Simon , Vdovenko Daria , Züllig Richard Arnold , Camici Giovanni G , Kim Hyo-Soo , Laaksonen Reijo , Gerber Philipp A , Hornemann Thorsten , Akhmedov Alexander , Lüscher Thomas F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are major risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Dysregulated pro-apoptotic ceramide synthesis reduces β-cell insulin secretion, thereby promoting hyperglycaemic states that may manifest as T2D. Pro-apoptotic ceramides modulate insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance while being linked to poor CV outcomes. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a NAD + -dependent deacetylase that protects against pancreatic β-cell dysfunction; however, systemic levels are decreased in obese–T2D mice and may promote pro-apoptotic ceramide synthesis and hyperglycaemia. Herein, we aimed to assess the effects of restoring circulating SIRT1 levels to prevent metabolic imbalance in obese and diabetic mice.

Methods and results
Circulating SIRT1 levels were reduced in obese–diabetic mice (db/db) as compared to age-matched non-diabetic db/+ controls. Restoration of SIRT1 plasma levels with recombinant murine SIRT1 for 4 weeks prevented body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and vascular function in mice models of obesity and T2D. Untargeted lipidomics revealed that SIRT1 restored insulin secretory function of β-cells by reducing synthesis and accumulation of pro-apoptotic ceramides. Molecular mechanisms involved direct binding to and deacetylation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by SIRT1 in β-cells, thereby decreasing the rate-limiting enzymes of sphingolipid synthesis SPTLC1/2 via AKT/NF-κB. Among patients with T2D, those with high baseline plasma levels of SIRT1 prior to metabolic surgery displayed restored β-cell function (HOMA2-β) and were more likely to have T2D remission during follow-up.

Conclusion
Acetylation of TLR4 promotes β-cell dysfunction via ceramide synthesis in T2D, which is blunted by systemic SIRT1 replenishment. Hence, restoration of systemic SIRT1 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract toxic ceramide synthesis and mitigate CV complications of T2D.
IL-21 conditions antigen-presenting human γδ T-cells to promote IL-10 expression in naïve and memory CD4+ T-cells
Authors: Tyler Christopher J , Hoti Inva , Griffiths Daniel D , Cuff Simone M , Andrews Robert , Keisker Maximilian , Ahmed Raya , Hansen Hinrich P , Lindsay James O , Stagg Andrew J , Moser Bernhard , McCarthy Neil E , Eberl Matthias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Direct interaction between T-cells exerts a major influence on tissue immunity and inflammation across multiple body sites including the human gut, which is highly enriched in ‘unconventional’ lymphocytes such as γδ T-cells. We previously reported that microbial activation of human Vγ9/Vδ2+ γδ T-cells in the presence of the mucosal damage-associated cytokine IL-15 confers the ability to promote epithelial barrier defence, specifically via induction of IL-22 expression in conventional CD4+ T-cells. In the current report, we assessed whether other cytokines enriched in the gut milieu also functionally influence microbe-responsive Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells. When cultured in the presence of IL-21, Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells acquired the ability to induce expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 in both naïve and memory CD4+ T-cells, at levels surpassing those induced by monocytes or monocyte-derived DCs. These findings identify an unexpected influence of IL-21 on Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cell modulation of CD4+ T-cell responses. Further analyses suggested a possible role for CD30L and/or CD40L reverse signalling in mediating IL-10 induction by IL-21 conditioned Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells. Our findings indicate that the local microenvironment exerts a profound influence on Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cell responses to microbial challenge, leading to induction of distinct functional profiles among CD4+ T-cells that may influence inflammatory events at mucosal surfaces. Targeting these novel pathways may offer therapeutic benefit in disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease.
The chromosome-scale reference genome for the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) provides insights into their evolutionary and demographic history
Authors: Eaton Katherine M , Krabbenhoft Trevor J , Backenstose Nathan J C , Bernal Moisés A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) is an ecologically, economically, and culturally relevant member of the family Sparidae, playing crucial roles in the marine food webs of the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Despite their high abundance and ecological importance, there is a scarcity of genomic resources for this species. We assembled and annotated a chromosome-scale genome for the pinfish, resulting in a highly contiguous 785 Mb assembly of 24 scaffolded chromosomes. The high-quality assembly contains 98.9% complete BUSCOs and shows strong synteny to other chromosome-scale genomes of fish in the family Sparidae, with a limited number of large-scale genomic rearrangements. Leveraging this new genomic resource, we found evidence of significant expansions of dietary gene families over the evolutionary history of the pinfish, which may be associated with an ontogenetic shift from carnivory to herbivory seen in this species. Estimates of historical patterns of population demography using this new reference genome identified several periods of population growth and contraction which were associated with ancient climatic shifts and sea level changes. This genome serves as a valuable reference for future studies of population genomics and differentiation and provides a much-needed genomic resource for this western Atlantic sparid.
Active prophages in coral-associated Halomonas capable of lateral transduction
Authors: Liu Ziyao , Tang Kaihao , Zhou Yiqing , Liu Tianlang , Guo Yunxue , Wu Duoting , Wang Xiaoxue 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Temperate phages can interact with bacterial hosts through lytic and lysogenic cycles via different mechanisms. Lysogeny has been identified as the major form of bacteria–phage interaction in the coral-associated microbiome. However, the lysogenic-to-lytic switch of temperate phages in ecologically important coral-associated bacteria and its ecological impact have not been extensively investigated. By studying the prophages in coral-associated Halomonas meridiana, we found that two prophages, Phm1 and Phm3, are inducible by the DNA-damaging agent mitomycin C and that Phm3 is spontaneously activated under normal cultivation conditions. Furthermore, Phm3 undergoes an atypical lytic pathway that can amplify and package adjacent host DNA, potentially resulting in lateral transduction. The induction of Phm3 triggered a process of cell lysis accompanied by the formation of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and Phm3 attached to OMVs. This unique cell-lysis process was controlled by a four-gene lytic module within Phm3. Further analysis of the Tara Ocean dataset revealed that Phm3 represents a new group of temperate phages that are widely distributed and transcriptionally active in the ocean. Therefore, the combination of lateral transduction mediated by temperate phages and OMV transmission offers a versatile strategy for host–phage coevolution in marine ecosystems.
LncRNAway: a web-based sgRNA design tool for precise and effective suppression of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Zhang Shikuan , Wang Songmao , Lu Fang , Bie Lingzi , Luo Yongjiang , Sun Jiahe , Zhang Yang , Wang Yi , Zhang Yaou , Lyu Qing Rex 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been annotated via high-throughput RNA sequencing, yet only a small fraction have been functionally investigated. Genomic knockout is the mainstream strategy for studying the biological function of protein-coding genes and lncRNAs, whereas the complexity of the lncRNA locus, especially the natural antisense lncRNAs (NAT-lncRNAs), presents great challenges. Knocking out lncRNAs often results in unintended disruptions of neighboring protein-coding genes and small RNAs, leading to ambiguity in observing phenotypes and interpreting biological function. To address this issue, we launched LncRNAway, a user-friendly web tool based on the BESST (branchpoint to 3’ splicing site targeting) method, to design sgRNAs for lncRNA knockout. LncRNAway not only provides specific and effective lncRNA knockout guidelines but also integrates genotyping primers and quantitative PCR primers designing, thereby streamlining experimental procedures of lncRNA function study. LncRNAway is freely available at https://www.lncrnaway.com.