bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REMARKS ON THE DIVISIBILITY OF THE CLASS NUMBERS OF IMAGINARY QUADRATIC FIELDS
Authors: ITO AKIKO 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe consider the divisibility of the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2^{2k} - q^n})$, where q is an odd prime number, k and n are positive integers. Suppose that k ≡ 1 mod 2 or n ≢ 3 mod 6. We show that the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2^{2k} - q^n})$ ≠ $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})$ are divisible by n for q ≡ 3 mod 8. This is a generalization of the result of Kishi for imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2^{2k} - 3^n})$ when k ≡ 1 mod 2 or n ≢ 3 mod 6. We also show that the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2^{2k} - q^n})$ ≠ $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-1})$ are divisible by n for q ≡ 1 mod 4 and the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2^{2k} - q^n})$ ≠ $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3})$ are divisible by n for q ≡ 7 mod 8.
Administration of the nematophagous fungusDuddingtonia flagransto goats: an evaluation of the impact of this fungus on the degradation of faeces and on free-living soil nematodes
Authors: Paraud C. , Lorrain R. , Pors I. , Chartier C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe environmental impact ofDuddingtonia flagrans, a potential biological control agent for nematode parasites, was tested in a 2-year-plot study using goat faeces. The trial assessed the impact of fungal presence on the disintegration of faeces and on non-target, free-living soil nematode populations. Three groups of goats experimentally infected byTrichostrongylus colubriformisreceived three different doses ofD. flagranschlamydospores (0 chlamydospores/kg body weight (BW), 0.5 × 106chlamydospores/kg BW or 5 × 106chlamydospores/kg BW). One hundred grams of faeces containingT. colubriformiseggs andD. flagranschlamydospores at three different concentrations were deposited on pasture plots on four different occasions: May 2003, September 2003, June 2004 and September 2004. Faeces were weighed 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks after deposit and immediately afterwards replaced to their initial positions. In addition, soil samples were taken just below faecal deposits to evaluate the impact of fungal presence on non-target free-living nematodes. Results showed that there was no treatment effect on the pellet degradation rate. Analysis of soil nematode fauna failed to demonstrate any effect of the dose rate of 0.5 × 106chlamydospores/kg BW, while a reduction of the number of free-living nematodes was seen for the maximal chlamydospore concentration at autumn sets.
Human recombinant antibodies againstTrypanosoma cruziribosomal P2βprotein
Authors: GRIPPO VANINA , NIBORSKI LETICIA L. , GOMEZ KARINA A. , LEVIN MARIANO J. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYPatients with chronic Chagas' Heart Disease (cChHD) develop an antibody response that is suspected to be involved in the cardiac pathogenesis. The response againstTrypanosoma cruziribosomal P proteins is of particular interest, as these antibodies can cross-react with host cardiac receptors causing electrophysiological alterations. To better understand the humoral anti-P response we constructed a single-chain variable fragment library derived from a cChHD patient. The variable heavy and light regions were amplified from bone-marrow RNA and subcloned into the vector pComb3X. The phage library was subsequently panned againstT. cruziribosomal P2βprotein (TcP2β). We obtained 3 different human recombinant antibodies that specifically reacted with TcP2βin ELISA and Western blots. Two of them reacted with the C-terminal region of TcP2β, peptide R13, as the recombinant autoanti-P antibodies from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. Interestingly, the third one was specific for TcP2βbut did not recognize R13, confirming the specific nature of the anti-P response in Chagas disease. Neither sequence nor VH usage similarities between Chagas and SLE anti-P autoantibodies were observed. Herein, the first human mAbs against TcP2βhave been obtained and characterized showing that the humoral anti-P response is directed against the parasite and does not include an autoimmune component.
Salvation as justification and deification
Authors: Chia Roland 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany Christians in the Western tradition would find the idea of salvation as the deification of man alien because the concept of justification by faith has played such a central and influential role in Western soteriologies. There is, however, a renaissance of the concept of deification or theosis in contemporary theology even outside its traditional home in Eastern Orthodoxy. Many Roman Catholic and Protestant theologians have discovered that although the two metaphors, justification and deification, emphasise different aspects of salvation, they are not incompatible with each other. In addition, theologians in the Western tradition are arguing that although the forensic and declarative aspect of justification is important, justification also has a transformative aspect. An exploration of the transformative aspect of justification has resulted in the discovery of interesting ways in which this concept can be brought closer to that of theosis in the Eastern tradition.
Early development of Astronotus ocellatus under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Paes Maria do Carmo Faria , Makino Lilian Cristina , Vasquez Leonardo Avendaño , Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: March 2011

SummaryAstronotus ocellatus, popularly known as Oscar, is a cichlid fish from the Amazon basin (Brazil) with a great potential for fish farming. The aim of this research is to describe the morphology of eggs and larvae of A. ocellatus under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs from natural spawnings were taken to hatcheries, collected at previously established time periods and then analysed. Oscar's eggs are demersal, adhesive and fragile to touch, with a slightly oval shape. The fertile eggs are yellowish in colour and when unfertilized are a white opaque colour. In the initial collection (IC), the majority of eggs were found to be at the gastrula phase with 30% epiboly. At 12 h after the IC, the formation of the embrionary axis and somites was observed, followed by differentiation of the tail and of the head. Fifteen hours after the IC, the emergence of the optic and otic vesicles, and of adhesive glands and the yolk pigmentation was observed. Larval hatching took place between 46 and 58 h after the first collection, at an average temperature of 27.45 ± 2.13°C. The larval stage was characterized by the development of the heart, fins, branchial apparatus, neuromasts, taste buds and adhesive glands on the head. Larval development to yolk absorption took a period of 257 h. These results provide important information for reproduction, rearing and preservation of A. ocellatus.
Finite-state models for speech-based search on mobile devices
Authors: MISHRA TANIYA , BANGALORE SRINIVAS 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present techniques that exploit finite-state models for voice search applications. In particular, we illustrate the use of finite-state models for encoding the search index in order to tightly integrate the speech recognition and the search components of a voice search system. We show that the tight integration mutually benefits Automatic Speech Recognition and improves the search. In the second part of the paper, we discuss the use of finite-state techniques for spoken language understanding, in particular, to segment an input query into its component semantic fields so as to improve search as well as to extend the functionality of the system and be able to execute the user's request against a backend database.
A randomised inference algorithm for regular tree languages
Authors: HÖGBERG JOHANNA 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe present a randomised inference algorithm for regular tree languages. The algorithm takes as input two disjoint finite nonempty sets of trees 𝒫 and 𝒩 and outputs a nondeterministic finite tree automaton that accepts every tree in 𝒫 and rejects every tree in 𝒩. The output automaton typically represents a nontrivial generalisation of the examples given in 𝒫 and 𝒩. To obtain compact output automata, we use a heuristics similar to bisimulation minimisation. The algorithm has time complexity of $\ordo{\negsize \cdot \possize^2}$, where n𝒩 and n𝒫 are the size of 𝒩 and 𝒫, respectively. Experiments are conducted on a prototype implementation, and the empirical results appear to second the theoretical results.
Breast conservation surgery and radiation for a patient with synchronous primary breast cancers and BRCA1/BRCA2 positivity: is mastectomy required?
Authors: Trombetta Mark , Kotinsley Katherine , Julian Thomas B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe role of breast conservation in patients expressing BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations is controversial. A patient who was found to have bilateral synchronous breast cancers and expressed a BRCA genetic mutation was recently evaluated. The patient had a strong desire for breast preservation. This case and a review of the pertinent literature are presented to discuss the role of breast conservation and radiation in patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutations.
Exploring the genetic diversity of the DRF1 gene in durum wheat and its wild relatives
Authors: Di Bianco Domenico , Thiyagarajan Karthikeyan , Latini Arianna , Cantale Cristina , Felici Fabio , Galeffi Patrizia 
Published: March 2011

A drought-related gene belonging to the Dehydration Responsive Element Binding protein (DREB) family has been reported and characterized in durum wheat. Unlike other DREB-homologous genes, it consists of four exons and three introns and produces three transcripts by an alternative splicing mechanism. The gene sequence was analysed in a number of varieties/lines/accessions of durum wheat, triticale and in wheat genome donors, Aegilops speltoides, A. tauschii and Triticum urartu, in order to evaluate the variability and to detect other interesting molecular features. Herewith, some results are presented. In the exon 1, a single sequence repeat codifying for a stretch of alanine residues variable in length (from 3 to 7), was identified. A novel non-autonomous transposon was identified, encompassing the intron1–intron3 region and this was characterized in detail. Part of the exon 4, containing the APetala2 (AP2) domain, responsible for DNA recognition and binding, was isolated and sequenced in a collection of Aegilops species and A. speltoides accessions from the Fertile Crescent, a region characterized by a high wheat biodiversity. Although the 338 bp-long analysed sequences did not reveal substantial differences in the polymorphic patterns, using a geographic subdivision with three clusters (east, centre and west), they completely separated Aegilops from the A. speltoides genus.
Broadband AlGaN/GaN MMIC amplifier
Authors: Darwish Ali M. , Hung H. Alfred , Viveiros Edward , Ibrahim Amr A. 
Published: March 2011

A broadband Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) amplifier, with 12 ± 2 dB gain across the 0.1–27 GHz band has been demonstrated using the AlGaN/GaN on SiC technology. The amplifier design employs a non-conventional, series-DC/RF-High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) configuration. This configuration provides an alternative design to the conventional traveling-wave amplifier (TWA). It results in a smaller MMIC chip size, and extends amplifier gain to the low-frequency region. The amplifier MMIC utilizes four HEMT devices in series and could be biased at voltages up to 120 V.
What to do about depression? Help-seeking and treatment recommendations of the public
Authors: Holzinger A. , Matschinger H. , Angermeyer M.C. 
Published: March 2011

Aims.Several population studies on beliefs about depression carried out in western countries during the 1990s have shown that the public clearly favors psychotherapy over antidepressant medication. The present study examines whether this phenomenon still exists at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century.Materials and Methods.In 2009, a telephone survey was conducted among the population of Vienna aged 16 years and older (n = 1205). A fully structured interview was administered which began with the presentation of a vignette depicting a case of depression fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV for a moderate depressive episode.Results.Psychotherapists were most frequently endorsed as source of professional help. Antidepressant medication still was more frequently advised against than recommended. Respondents familiar with the treatment of depression tended to be more ready to recommend to seek help from mental health professionals and to endorse various treatment options, particularly medication.Conclusion.At the end of the first decade of this century, there still exists a large gap between the public's beliefs and what mental health professionals consider appropriate for the treatment of depression. Therefore, further effort to improve the public's mental health literacy seems necessary.
Study of electronic structure and magnetization correlations in hydrogenated and vacuum annealed Ni doped ZnO
Authors: Singhal R. K. , Sharma S. C. , Kumari P. , Kumar Sudhish , Xing Y. T. , Deshpande U. P. , Shripathi T. , Saitovitch Elisa 
Published: March 2011

The influence of hydrogen and vacuum annealing on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ni-doped ZnO pellets viz. Zn0.95Ni0.05O has been investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization, resistance measurements, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns confirms that all the polycrystalline samples possess wurtzite type hexagonal structure with no evidence of secondary phases. The superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry measurements exhibit a paramagnetic state for the as-synthesized Zn0.95Ni0.05O. However, the post annealing in H2 as well as in vacuum, drive it to a ferromagnetic state at 300 K. The obtained values of coercivity are 177 and 270 Oe, and the saturation magnetizations are 1.67 and 1.91 emu/g, respectively, for the H2 and vacuum annealed samples. Temperature dependent magnetization results show that the Curie temperatures are nearly the same (∼550 K) for both the annealed samples. Resistance of the annealed samples is three orders of magnitude lower than their as-synthesized counterparts. The XPS results confirm bivalency of Ni ions and creation of O vacancies upon annealing, due to the Ni (3d)–O (2p) hybridization. The ferromagnetism and the consequent electronic property changes are reversible with regard to reheating the samples in air, in agreement with the reported switch “on” and “off” ferromagnetic ordering in the doped ZnO.
At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted effective 18 June 2014.
Useful wild tree resources of southern Sudan: a review
Authors: Robinson Jonathan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSouthern Sudan has a rich tree flora. Trees are important in the livelihoods of the numerous tribes of the region, who use them for shelter, fuel, food, fodder, medicine and income generation. The gallery and depression forests contain valuable timber trees. Other species provide non-timber forest products that are potentially tradable outside Sudan, particularly in African countries that have over-exploited their own forest resources. As the carrying capacity of the western and central areas of Sudan decreases, the pressure on the natural resources of the higher rainfall southern areas will increase. This in itself might initiate conflict, as various tribes compete over a relatively rich resource base. The recent peace established between the north and south could result in depletion of the forest resources of the south through commercial exploitation. This paper details and discusses the wild tree resources of southern Sudan, including many already threatened species.
Distinguishing published scholarly content with CrossMark
Authors: MEYER Carol Anne 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe landscape of scholarly communication is complicated by multiple versions of the same documents, available from different sources. What happens if changes need to be made to published documents when scholars tap so many sources? How can important changes be communicated to readers so that they do not rely on outdated or, worse, repudiated research? This article explores the issues and describes the CrossMark service as a possible solution.
Librarians' use of usage statistics for journals and e‐books
Authors: COX Laura 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn September 2010 MPS Limited undertook a short survey of librarians, addressing their use of usage statistics. Over 300 librarians responded. This article covers the findings. 97% of the librarians surveyed use usage statistics in some way. As would be expected, they find COUNTER‐compliant usage statistics invaluable and place their importance above non‐COUNTER‐compliant usage data. They also rely on this information as a major part of the decision‐making process when it comes to purchase and cancellation decisions.
Evaluating the influence of a medical journal using Google Scholar
Authors: SANNI S.A. , ZAINAB A.N. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis study shows how a journal's influence can be calculated by using citations obtained from Google Scholar and other methods even though the journal is not covered by any citation databases. Influence is measured in terms of foreign contributions, ‘equivalent’ immediacy scores of recent articles, and the calculation of citations and ‘equivalent’ impact factor. A total of 580 articles published in the Medical Journal of Malaysia (MJM) between 2004 and 2008 served as the sample. Very few foreign authors contributed to MJM (12.5%), implying its low regional acceptance as a channel for research communication. Immediacy scores for each year indicate citations were received by recently published articles. A total of 1,164 citations were received by 446 of the 580 articles and the main citing sources were journals (1,083) with reasonable h index and impact factor. Yearly impact scores ranged between 0.367 and 0.616. Higher impact factor scores were obtained by older articles.
Compounds In Literature (CIL): screening for compounds and relatives in PubMed
Authors: Grüning Björn A. , Senger Christian , Erxleben Anika , Flemming Stephan , Günther Stefan 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: Searching for certain compounds in literature can be an elaborate task, with many compounds having several different synonyms. Often, only the structure is known but not its name. Furthermore, rarely investigated compounds may not be described in the available literature at all. In such cases, preceding searches for described similar compounds facilitate literature mining. Highlighted names of proteins in selected texts may further accelerate the time-consuming process of literary research. Compounds In Literature (CIL) provides a web interface to automatically find names, structures, and similar structures in over 28 million compounds of PubChem and more than 18 million citations provided by the PubMed service. CIL's pre-calculated database contains more than 56 million parent compound–abstract relations. Found compounds, relatives and abstracts are related to proteins in a concise ‘heat map’-like overview. Compounds and proteins are highlighted in their respective abstracts, and are provided with links to PubChem and UniProt.
Availability: An easy-to-use web interface with detailed descriptions, help and statistics is available from http://cil.pharmaceutical-bioinformatics.de.
Contact: stefan.guenther@pharmazie.uni-freiburg.de
Customizable views on semantically integrated networks for systems biology
Authors: Weile Jochen , Pocock Matthew , Cockell Simon J. , Lord Phillip , Dewar James M. , Holstein Eva−Maria , Wilkinson Darren , Lydall David , Hallinan Jennifer , Wipat Anil 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Motivation: The rise of high-throughput technologies in the post-genomic era has led to the production of large amounts of biological data. Many of these datasets are freely available on the Internet. Making optimal use of these data is a significant challenge for bioinformaticians. Various strategies for integrating data have been proposed to address this challenge. One of the most promising approaches is the development of semantically rich integrated datasets. Although well suited to computational manipulation, such integrated datasets are typically too large and complex for easy visualization and interactive exploration.
Results: We have created an integrated dataset for Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the semantic data integration tool Ondex, and have developed a view-based visualization technique that allows for concise graphical representations of the integrated data. The technique was implemented in a plug-in for Cytoscape, called OndexView. We used OndexView to investigate telomere maintenance in S. cerevisiae.
Availability: The Ondex yeast dataset and the OndexView plug-in for Cytoscape are accessible at http://bsu.ncl.ac.uk/ondexview.
Contact: anil.wipat@ncl.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
AStream: an R package for annotating LC/MS metabolomic data
Authors: Alonso Arnald , Julià Antonio , Beltran Antoni , Vinaixa Maria , Díaz Marta , Ibañez Lourdes , Correig Xavier , Marsal Sara 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: AStream, an R-statistical software package for the curation and identification of feature peaks extracted from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics data, is described. AStream detects isotopic, fragment and adduct patterns by identifying feature pairs that fulfill expected relational patterns. Data reduction by AStream allows compounds to be identified reliably and subsequently linked to metabolite databases. AStream provides researchers with a fast, reliable tool for summarizing metabolomic data, notably reducing curation time and increasing consistency of results.
Availability: The AStream R package and a study example can be freely accessed at http://www.urr.cat/AStream/AStream.html.
Contact: smarsal@ir.vhebron.net; ajulia@ir.vhebron.net
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The role of connexin36 gap junctions in modulating the hypnotic effects of isoflurane and propofol in mice
Authors: Jacobson G. M. , Voss L. J. , Melin S. M. , Cursons R. T. M. , Sleigh J. W. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryGap junction blockade is a possible mechanism by which general anaesthetic drugs cause unconsciousness. We measured the sensitivity of connexin36 knockout mice to the hypnotic effects of isoflurane and propofol. The experimental endpoint was recovery of the righting reflex of the anaesthetised animals during 0.2% step‐reductions in isoflurane concentration, or following intraperitoneal injection of propofol (100 mg.kg−1). Connexin36 knockout animals were more sensitive to the hypnotic effects of isoflurane than ‘normal’ wild‐type animals. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for recovery of righting reflex was 0.37% for connexin36 knockout vs 0.49% for wild‐type animals (p < 0.001). For propofol, connnexin36 knockout animals showed more rapid loss of righting reflex than wild‐type animals (mean (SD) 2.8 (0.13) vs 3.8 (0.27) min); and young (< 60 days) connexin36 knockout animals remained anaesthetised for longer than young wild‐type mice (47.2 (2.9) vs 30.5 (1.7) min; p < 0.00001). These findings suggest that the hypnotic effects of anaesthetic drugs may be moderately enhanced by gap junction blockade.