bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW SOLDIER FLY FROM CANADIAN AMBER (DIPTERA: STRATIOMYIDAE)
Authors: Teskey H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCretaceogaster pygmaeus n. gen., n. sp. found in Canadian amber of Upper Cretaceous age from Cedar Lake, Man., is described and assigned to the subfamily Pachygastrinae of the Stratiomyidae. This is the first pre-tertiary record of this family.
THE APPLICATION OF SPLIT-SCREEN TELEVISION RECORDING AND ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT TO THE STUDY OF FEEDING IN A BLOOD-SUCKING INSECT (RHODNIUS PROLIXUS)
Authors: Smith J. J. B. , Friend W. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method is described for observing, photographing, and video-taping the mouthparts ofRhodnius prolixusStal., a blood-feeding insect, as it feeds on an artificial diet. This method was combined with another for recording the electrical resistance between the haemolymph of a feeding insect and its diet. By using a split-screen television technique simultaneous recordings were made of the changes in electrical resistance and feeding events such as mouthpart movements, salivation, and ingestion. Slow speed and stop-frame playback allowed accurate analysis and correlation of rapid events. The techniques described could be applied to many other types of investigation.
HOST SELECTION BY THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): PRELIMINARY FIELD STUDIES
Authors: Ferrell George T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDaily emergence of Scolytus ventralis Lec. from infested white fir bolts was highest in early afternoon (1200–1600 hours, P.D.S.T.) and limited to periods when air temperature exceeded 21 °C. More females than males emerged each day; the ratio in the total emergence was 1.9:1 and as high as 2.8:1 on warmest days. Flight occurred from mid-July to mid-September, with peak flight in mid-August. The intensity of flight activity was positively associated with varying temperatures above 24 °C (threshold).Visitation rates on lower boles of white firs were 10 times higher than those on Jeffrey pines. Two to three times as many beetles were trapped near girdled or severed white firs as about uninjured firs. Severed trees under attack by S. ventralis attracted three to seven times as many beetles as uninjured firs. When attack density reached 10 to 13 mines per sq. ft, the large number of beetles attracted in flight did not initiate mines in the trees already attacked but attacked surrounding host trees. Sex ratios of beetles trapped at experimental and control trees did not differ from that at emergence.
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: IX. MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PHEROMONE-PRODUCING GLANDS OF SOME FEMALE LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Percy J. E. , Weatherston J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe morphology and histology of the sex pheromone-producing gland in the females ofChoristoneura fumiferana(Clemens),C.pinus(Freeman) (Tortricidae), andMalacosoma disstria(Hubner) (Lasiocampidae) is reported. A review of the literature relevant to such a study is presented in tabular form.
STUDIES OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ARTHROPOD SECRETIONS: X. SEX PHEROMONE OF THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Weatherston J. , Roelofs W. , Comeau A. , Sanders C. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sex pheromone of the female eastern spruce budworm was identified as trans-11-tetradecenal by a combination of electroantennogram techniques, laboratory bioassays, and chemical analysis. Subsequent field trapping showed that this compound is a potent attractant for both male Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) and C. occidentalis Free, thus supporting its identification as a sex pheromone of the eastern spruce budworm and suggesting that it is also a major component in the pheromone system of C. occidentalis.
THIOTEPA AS AN EFFECTIVE AGENT FOR MASS STERILIZING THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Retnakaran Arthur 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTopical application of thiotepa on the adult male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, at a concentration of 10 μg/insect resulted in 100% sterility. Unlike metepa, thiotepa did not have any apparent adverse effects on the competency of the sperms. Large numbers of male moths can be sterilized by allowing them to walk for 30 min on filter paper treated with a 2.5% solution of thiotepa in a 3:1 mixture of acetone and diffusion pump oil.
REVISION OF THE TRIBE QUEDIINI OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE). SUPPLEMENTUM
Authors: Smetana Aleš 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new taxa of Quediini (Staphylinidae) are described: Heterothops arizonicus spec. nov. (Arizona), H. aeneiventris spec. nov. (Huachuca Mts. in Arizona), H. marmotae spec. nov. (Ontario), Quedius leechi neomexicanus subsp. nov. (Sacramento Mts. and Sierra Blanca in New Mexico), and Q. leechi chiricahuensis subsp. nov. (Chiricahua Mts. in Arizona).
THE INTRODUCED AMAUROBIIDAE OF NORTH AMERICA, ANDCALLOBIUS HOKKAIDON. SP. FROM JAPAN (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)
Authors: Leech Robin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour species of the spider family Amaurobiidae introduced to North America are described and figured. They areIxeuticus martius(Simon),Metaltella simoni(Keyserling),Amaurobius similis(Blackwall), andAmaurobius ferox(Walckenaer).Callobius hokkaidon. sp. from Japan is described and figured.
FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF IPS SPP. BARK BEETLES IN VIRGINIA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Berisford C. W. , Kulman H. M. , Pienkowski R. L. , Heikkenen H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEighteen new host records were established among 12 species of parasites and 4 species of Ips beetles. Large numbers of Ips spp. and their associates were secured by mass rearing in specially constructed rearing drums. Confirmation of parasitism was accomplished by individual rearing of parasites in gelatin capsules from Ips larvae and pupae taken from logs. Some parasites were typically associated with a particular tree host, but it was not determined if it was due to tree host, Ips host, or the physiographic province. Parasitism was highest in the upper bole, especially in loblolly pine, but no correlation with bark thickness was established. The density of Ips attack and the time during which Ips infestations were maintained at one location also did not appear to affect the rate of parasitism. Parasitism was highest in the overwintering broods of Ips.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOME FUNGI IN FLOUR, AND HUMIDITY ON THE SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF CRYPTOLESTES TURCICUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE)
Authors: Chang S. S. , Loschiavo S. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe flour mill insect, Cyrptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle), was reared on seven diets at 28 ± 1 °C and at relative humidities of 90% and 60% as follows: flour from a mill previously infested with C. turcicus, commercial flour sterilized with propylene oxide, unenriched commercial flour, and four laboratory-prepared diets each containing a different concentration of fungi isolated from the previously-infested flour.At 90% relative humidity, larvae developed fastest on the infested flour and on the prepared flour–fungi diets, and slowest in sterilized flour. Fungal concentration and rate of larval development were inversely correlated. The highest survival of larvae occurred on the flour–fungi diets and the highest mortality on the flour from the infested mill. There was no clear relationship between rate of pupal development and concentration of fungus. Of the prepared diets, that with the largest concentration of fungus promoted the fastest rate of pupal development. Survival of pupae was about 20% higher on the flour–fungi diets than on the sterilized flour. At 60% relative humidity about 50% of larvae and pupae survived and completed development on the flour–fungi diet containing 1% by weight of fungi, and on the flour from the infested mill but none survived on any of the other diets. Sixty per cent of larvae and 83% of pupae survived and developed on the flour from the infested mill. None of the larvae survived on any of the other diets.
THE DIEL DRIFT OF CHIRONOMIDAE IN AN ARTIFICIAL STREAM AND ITS RELATION TO THE DIET OF COHO SALMON FRY, ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (WAULBAUM)
Authors: Mundie J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe diel pattern of drifting adults, pupae, pupal exuviae, and larvae of Chironomidae in a stream was established. Emergence was trimodal for the common species (Cricotopus sp. and Psectrocladius sp.), and larval drift-rates increased almost two-fold in darkness. The concurrent diel consumption of Chironomidae by coho fry was examined. The fish appeared not to make use of the peak drift-rates of larvae. Closest temporal correspondence between drift and diet was shown by adults. Forage ratios demonstrated greater consumption of chironomids than would be expected from their proportions in the drift. The order of acceptance was pupae, adults, larvae, and exuviae. High degree of utilization of an item is attributed to flotation and visibility. The major determinants of how much food is taken from the stream are identified as: marginal residence of the fish, the occupation by the fish of slow-water feeding stations, and the visibility of food items.
THE TEMPORAL PROGRAMMING OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE INTERTIDAL CHIRONOMID CLUNIO MARINUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Neumann Dietrich 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe emergence times of most European Clunio populations are correlated with certain conditions of low tide and time of day which occur together only every 15 days. This temporal programming of development is determined by the combination of two different endogenous rhythms: a semilunar rhythm which controls the beginning of pupation and a circadian rhythm which controls the diurnal emergence time. The paper summarizes the known characteristics of these two physiological clocks and their adaptation to different tidal and photoperiodic conditions in the field.
ECOLOGY OF LARVAE OF CHIRONOMUS TENTANS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN SALINE LAKES IN CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Topping Milton S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe occurrence and abundance of larvae of Chironomus tentans Fabricius in saline lakes in central British Columbia were studied with respect to: (1) physico-chemical properties of the lakes, (2) physical composition of the bottom muds, (3) food availability, and (4) co-occurrence with other species of chironomids. The study was done to determine the ranges of environmental conditions to which the larvae are adapted and to identify specific environmental factors which might be of particular significance to natural selection. Abundance was significantly correlated with the amount of food available; the numbers of individuals of other Chironomus present; the percentage of mud particles in the 0.59–0.83 mm range; pH; conductivity; and the concentrations of potassium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, and dissolved oxygen. In general, occurrence was affected by the same factors which affect abundance. Additionally, larvae did not occur when hydrogen sulfide was greater than 0.3 p.p.m. The ecological data are particularly relevant since they provide a basis for studying the evolutionary significance of ecological adaptation in C. tentans.
THE OCCURRENCE OF CHARACTERISTIC DEFORMITIES IN THE CHIRONOMID LARVAE OF SEVERAL CANADIAN LAKES
Authors: Hamilton Andrew L. , Saether Ole A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeverely deformed chironomid larvae have been collected in Lake Erie and two lakes in the Okanagan valley of British Columbia. Deformed larvae had very aberrant mouthparts and the head capsules were usually heavily pigmented. In most cases both the head capsule and body wall were many times thicker than in normal specimens. These deformities are apparently caused by pollutants and it is speculated that agricultural and/or industrial chemicals may be responsible.
MALE AND FEMALE HETEROGAMETY IN POPULATIONS OF CHIRONOMUS TENTANS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Thompson Peter E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of Chironomus tentans from Iowa and Wisconsin show consistent polymorphisms for inversion sequences of chromosome 1 which are associated with sex. Male larvae from Iowa populations are invariably heterozygous for a sequence of the left arm which is never present in females. In a Wisconsin population, however, females are consistently heterozygous for a dominant sex factor, female determiner (Fd), linked to but not inseparable from an inversion sequence of the right arm. Two primary loci for sex determination appear to have evolved different dominance relations in these races.
A CONSPECTUS OF THE MACROPELOPIINI AND PENTANEURINI (TANYPODINAE: CHIRONOMIDAE) OF AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA
Authors: Harrison A. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis preliminary report on a revision of the Tanypodinae of Africa south of the Sahara is based mainly on the collection of imagines in the British Museum (Natural History). It has been possible to re-examine most known species, in addition to studying new species, and to classify them according to the scheme proposed by E. J. Fittkau. Most species fit into his genera but a few new ones will have to be erected. The distribution of species is discussed.
THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) OF THE PHILIP L. BOYD DEEP CANYON DESERT RESEARCH CENTER, RIVERSIDE CO., CALIFORNIA
Authors: Frommer Saul I. , Sublette James E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCollections of chironomids have been made in Deep Canyon, a part of the Colorado Desert in Southern California, since 1963. Of the 73 species collected 40 were species new to science. These will be described in later publications. Adults emerged during all months of the year with maximum number of species occurring in June. The fauna is dominated by the Orthocladiinae with 34 species with the Chironominae a close second with 26 species. Of those subfamilies known from North America only the Diamesinae was not represented.
GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION OF CERTAIN TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF TANYTARSUS HEUSDENSIS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN FINLAND
Authors: Rosenberg Tellervo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe variation in several morphological characters of adults and pupal exuviae of Tanytarsus heusdensis Goetgh. sensu auctorum (Tanytarsus usmaënsis Pagast according to Reiss, pers. comm.) in populations from some lakes and from brackish water in Finland was studied in order to check the homogeneity of the material. Significant differences were found in LRI, wing length, AR, and LRIII of males. In pupal exuviae the number of hairs on the anal lobes shows considerable variation in both sexes, and the average length of the spine comb on dorsal tergites III–VI differs in different populations. Nevertheless, from mathematical analysis of the data it is concluded that the differences observed do not indicate the existence of more than one species in the material studied.
LIGHTNING IN THE ECOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE,DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Hodges J. D. , Pickard L. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLoblolly pine trees struck by lightning offer a favorable attack and brood environment for the southern pine andIpsbeetles. In central Louisiana lightning strikes reduced oleoresin exudation pressure, oleoresin flow, and relative water content of inner-bark tissue and resulted in a decrease in sucrose and an increase in reducing-sugar content of inner bark. Interspecific competition was much greater in struck trees than nonstruck trees. Among struck trees, those with highest carbohydrate levels produced the most numerous broods of the southern pine beetle.
THE PRODUCTION OF CHROMOSOME ABERRATION INCHIRONOMUS RIPARIUS(DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) BY TRITIATED WATER
Authors: Blaylock B. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChironomus ripariuswas used to determine whether an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations could be detected in the progeny of an aquatic organism reared in tritiated water (HTO). An increased frequency was detected in larvae whose progenitors had developed either in 250 or 500 μCi/ml of HTO (2500 to 5000 times MPC for occupational exposure). The radiosensitivity ofC.ripariusto acute gamma radiation was determined and compared with the results obtained with tritiated water. The frequency of aberrations produced by incorporated tritium was approximately the same as the frequency produced by an equivalent dose of chronic gamma irradiation.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY IN THE SALIVARY GLAND OFCHIRONOMUS TENTANS(DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) DURING METAMORPHOSIS
Authors: Laufer Hans , Schin Ki Ssu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChanges in the hydrolytic enzymes, ribonuclease and acid phosphatase were investigated in the salivary gland ofChironomus tentanssince these lysosomal enzymes may participate in hormonally stimulated tissue breakdown. Quantitative assays revealed 9- and 12-fold increases in the specific activity of these enzymes during pupation while the protein content of the gland was decreasing. These increases cannot be accounted for by decreased protein but may represent an activation, accumulation, or synthesis which seems to be important in gland breakdown at metamorphosis.
THE PULSATILE ORGAN IN THE TIBIA OF TRIATOMA PHYLLOSOMA PALLIDIPENNIS
Authors: Kaufman W. R. , Davey K. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pulsatile organ, or "accessory heart," in the tibia of Triatoma consists of a membrane which divides the femur and tibia into a series of sinuses, a pulsatile muscle which propels the haemolymph through the sinuses, and a valvular membrane, which imposes unidirectional flow on the system. A possible innervation of the muscle is described, and simple experiments involving nerve stimulation demonstrate that the pulsatile muscle is under nervous control. Using partially isolated preparations of the pulsatile organ, it has been shown that the organ responds to dopamine and serotonin, but fails to respond to acetylcholine. The pulsatile muscle therefore resembles visceral muscle rather than skeletal muscle.
DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS AND SEX PHEROMONE SPECIFICITY AS SEXUAL ISOLATING MECHANISMS IN TWO SPECIES OF CHORISTONEURA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sanders C. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe roles of adult activity patterns and sex pheromones were investigated in the sexual isolation of Choristoneura fumiferana and C. pinus, species which hybridize in cages but not in the field. Female C. fumiferana started calling (extruding the sex pheromone gland) earlier (50% of the females started calling by sunset) than female C. pinus (50% by 11/2 hours after sunset). Male C. fumiferana were also attracted to traps by the females earlier, although the times of the peak catches were approximately the same in both species. Males, both in the laboratory and the field, responded only to the sex pheromone of their own species. It is therefore concluded that while C. pinus adults normally appear about 2 weeks later than those of C. fumiferana, which reduces the possibility of hybridization, when the adults do overlap, the ultimate barrier is the specificity of the sex pheromones.
THE STATUS OF PARASITES OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Monteith L. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOpius melleus Gah. and O. lectus Gah. were the only parasites of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) found in southern Ontario during a 4-year survey. The parasites were found only in the Niagara Region on the slope of the Niagara Escarpment and between it and Lake Ontario. The population of parasites was low though they appeared to be well adapted to attack R. pomonella. They were found in, or adjoining, unsprayed sites where there was shrubby growth under the trees infested by R. pomonella.
NEW ASIAN EPHEMERELLA WITH NOTES (EPHEMEROPTERA: EPHEMERELLIDAE)
Authors: Allen Richard K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe currently recognized Ephemerella species are included in 13 subgenera. New subgenera are Cincticostella and Acerella. Ephemerella levanidovi Tshernova is transferred to Cincticostella n. subg., thus it contains six species, E. nigra Ueno n. comb., E. castanea n. sp., E. delicata n. sp., E. imanishii n. sp., E. insolta n. sp., and E. levanidovae Tshernova n. comb. The subgenus Acerella n. subg. includes four species, E. longicaudata Ueno n. comb., E. commodema n. sp., E. perculta n. sp., and E. undatella n. sp., Ephemerella yoshinoensis Gose is transferred to the subgenus Drunella and four undescribed and unnamed species, E. kohnoi n. sp., E. aculea n. sp., E. hifurcata n. sp., and E. borakensis n. sp., are placed in Drunella. Three undescribed species, E. denticula n. sp., E. keijoensis n. sp., and E. maxima n. sp., are included in the subgenus Ephemerella s. s.
CRICKETS AS PREDATORS OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Monteith L. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe high density of the field crickets Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Burmeister) and Nemobius fasciatus (DeGeer) under test trees in an unsprayed orchard, and the high mortality of apple-maggot pupae, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in test lots at the same time of year, suggested that crickets may have preyed heavily on the pupae and thus have constituted important mortality factors. Laboratory observations showed that crickets can detect, disinter, and consume apple-maggot pupae in simulated natural surroundings.
REVISION OF THE GENUSEUDERUSOF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusEuderusHaliday in America north of Mexico consists of five subgenera,SecodelloideaGirault,EuderusHaliday,Euderoidesn. subgen.,Neoeuderusn. subgen., andLeipocrossusn. subgen. and 25 species; 13 species are described as new and are as follows:Euderus(Secodelloidea)canadensis,E. (Euderoides)purpureus,E. (Neoeuderus)viridilineatus,E. (Neoeuderus)magnificus,E. (Leipocrossus)californicus,E. (Euderus)solidaginis,E. (Euderus)vockerothi,E. (Euderus)chillcotti,E. (Euderus)masoni,E. (Euderus)fuscedinellae,E. (Euderus)pecki,E. (Euderus)glaucus, andE. (Euderus)alaskensis. Species groups ofalbitarsisandsolidaginisform two natural groupings within the genusEuderus s.str. Keys to subgenera and species, distribution, and host records are included.
THE EFFECT OF SOLAR RADIATION ON CONE INSECTS OF EASTERN WHITE PINE (PINUS STROBUS) IN THE FREDERICTON AREA, NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Odera J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInternal cone temperatures recorded in the mornings and in the afternoons demonstrated marked differences between sunny and shaded sites. Analysis of variance confirmed differences between treatment as highly significant. High and low cone temperatures coincided with high and low ground temperatures. The average correlation coefficient relating cone and ground temperatures was highly significant, while that for cone temperatures and cone size was non-significant.Heavy insect mortality occurred in cones exposed to direct solar radiation but mortality remained relatively low in the cones left in the shade. The greatest high-temperature mortality occurred during summer between late June and early August.
THE BIOLOGY OF A BIRCH LEAF BEETLE, PHRATORA HUDSONIA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), WITH A LARVAL KEY TO FOREST CHRYSOMELINAE IN ONTARIO
Authors: Lindquist O. H. , Davis C. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe seasonal occurrence, habits, and immature stages of Phratora hudsonia Brown are described, and a generic key to forest Chrysomelinae of Ontario is given.