bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNF microsatellite alleles may confer protection against the development of lipodystrophy syndrome in Brazilian HIV patients
Authors: Silva M. M. , Simões R. T. , Castelli E. C. , Mendes‐Junior C. T. , Deghaide N. H. S. , Tsuda L. C. , Machado A. A. , Donadi E. A. , Fernandes A. P. M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of TNFa–e microsatellites and the promoter region (TNF‐308 and TNF‐238) in HIV/AIDS‐infected patients presenting or not lipodystrophy syndrome (LS). The design is the genetic case–control association study. Microsatellite and the TNF promoter region polymorphisms were amplified by PCR and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotypes and allele frequencies for 67 HIV‐positive patients with lipodystrophy were compared with 50 HIV‐positive patients with no evidence of lipodystrophy and with 131 healthy HIV‐negative individuals. The presence of the TNFa5 allele could provide HIV/AIDS patients with protection against developing LS. The presence of TNF‐308G allele, as well as of its homozygote TNF‐308GG, were associated with susceptibility to developing LS. In addition, the presence of the haplotype TNFe3‐d3–238G–308A‐c1‐a5–b7 suggests protection against developing that syndrome. This study highlights that polymorphic sites spanning the region nearby the TNF locus are associated with LS development in HIV/AIDS patients.
Let a Thousand Flowers Bloom: A Tour of Logical Pluralism
Authors: Cook Roy T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLogical pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct logic. In this article, I explore what logical pluralism is, and what it entails, by: (i) distinguishing clearly between relativism about a particular domain and pluralism about that domain; (ii) distinguishing between a number of forms logical pluralism might take; (iii) attempting to distinguish between those versions of pluralism that are clearly true and those that are might be controversial; and (iv) surveying three prominent attempts to argue for logical pluralism and evaluating them along the criteria provided by (ii) and (iii).
Basolateral ion transporters involved in colonic epithelial electrolyte absorption, anion secretion and cellular homeostasis
Authors: Bachmann O. , Juric M. , Seidler U. , Manns M. P. , Yu H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractElectrolyte transporters located in the basolateral membrane of the colonic epithelium are increasingly appreciated as elaborately regulated components of specific transport functions and cellular homeostasis: During electrolyte absorption, Na+/K+ ATPase, Cl− conductance, Cl−/HCO3− exchange, K+/Cl− cotransport and K+ channels are candidates for basolateral Na+, Cl− and K+ extrusion. The process of colonic anion secretion involves basolateral Na+/K+/2Cl−, and probably also Na+/HCO3− cotransport, as well as Na+/K+ ATPase and K+ channels to supply substrate, stabilize the membrane potential and generate driving force respectively. Together with a multitude of additional transport systems, Na+/H+ exchange and Na+/HCO3− cotransport have been implicated in colonocyte pHi and volume homeostasis. The purpose of this article is to summarize recently gathered information on the molecular identity, function and regulation of the involved basolateral transport systems in native tissue. Furthermore, we discuss how these findings can help to integrate these systems into the transport function and the cellular homoeostasis of colonic epithelial cells. Finally, disturbances of basolateral electrolyte transport during disease states such as mucosal inflammation will be reviewed.
Les effets de la crise 2007‐2009 constituent‐ils une menace pour la stabilité financière des fonds des régimes de sécurité sociale et des fonds de pension privés?
Authors: Pino Ariel , Yermo Juan 
Published: June 2010

RésuméLes fonds des régimes de sécurité sociale et les fonds de pension ont été touchés de plein fouet par la récente crise financière qui fut d'une brutalité sans précédent. Ils ont subi des moins‐values latentes considérables et leurs mécanismes de gouvernance ont été remis en cause au risque de compromettre leur stabilité financière et de remettre en question leur capacitéà fournir des prestations décentes. L'année 2009 s'est achevée par une reprise des marchés financiers, mais également par des réaménagements des portefeuilles et par une révision des approches traditionnelles de la gestion des risques. Les gouvernements ont réagi à la crise en lançant des plans de relance qui pourraient, à moyen terme, mettre en péril leur situation budgétaire. Les déséquilibres budgétaires pourraient en effet donner lieu à un arbitrage entre la stabilité budgétaire et la réduction des dépenses sociales. Le présent article analyse les effets de la crise sur les fonds des régimes de sécurité sociale et les fonds de pension et aborde l'ensemble des questions susmentionnées.
Soziale Sicherheit in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Bonnet Florence , Ehmke Ellen , Hagemejer Krzysztof 
Published: June 2010

AuszugUm den negativen sozialen Folgen der aktuellen Krise entgegenzuwirken, müssen Staaten Maßnahmen mit dem Ziel ergreifen, betroffenen Arbeitnehmern und ihren Familien Einkommensunterstützung und neue Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten zu bieten. In diesem Artikel betrachten wir Krisenreaktionen in einer Reihe von Ländern in Bezug auf die Unterstützung von Programmen für Leistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit, dem Zweig der sozialen Sicherheit, der von einer wirtschaftlichen Rezession am stärksten betroffen ist. Wir erörtern auch die Dilemmas, mit denen alle Systeme der sozialen Sicherheit in Wirtschaftskrisen konfrontiert sind, wenn die zur Finanzierung von Programmen eingeplanten Einnahmen aus Beiträgen oder Steuern zurückgehen und die Leistungsausgaben steigen. Diesbezüglich wird der Rentenpolitik besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Der Artikel schließt mit einer Erörterung der von den Vereinten Nationen ins Leben gerufenen Initiative zugunsten einer globalen „sozialen Grundsicherung“, die darauf abzielt, zumindest einen grundlegenden Sozialschutz auf die große Mehrheit der Weltbevölkerung auszuweiten, die derzeit ohne eine solche und nach wie vor anfällig für alle wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Krisen ist.
Mesozoic deep-water carbonate deposits from the southern Tethyan passive margin in Iran (Pichakun nappes, Neyriz area): biostratigraphy, facies sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy
Authors: Robin Cécile , Gorican Spela , Guillocheau François , Razin Philippe , Dromart Gilles , Mosaffa Hamid 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the Mesozoic turbiditic sediments from the southern Tethys margin in Iran. These sediments are exposed as nappes in the Pichakun Mountains (i.e. the Zagros Mountains in the Neyriz area), which inverted during latest Cretaceous time. Radiolarians are used to both define and date four main lithostratigraphic formations: (1) the Bar Er Formation (undated, probably Late Triassic to Early Jurassic); (2) the Darreh Juve Formation (Aalenian–early Bajocian to middle Callovian–early Oxfordian); (3) the Imamzadeh Formation (middle Callovian–early Oxfordian to Aptian); (4) the Neghareh Khaneh Formation (late Aptian to Turonian–Coniacian). Most of the sediments are deep-sea gravity-flow lobe deposits. Channel deposits occurred during the Bajocian (i.e. the Darreh Juve Fm) and deeply incised channels (canyons?) occurred during the Albian (i.e. the Neghareh Khaneh Fm). Twenty-seven facies, grouped into eight facies associations, are defined. Based on a sequence stratigraphic study (i.e. the stacking pattern), five second-order cycles (10–30 Ma duration), defined between two successive distal facies time-intervals, are characterized: (1) the J2 (Toarcian?–middle Oxfordian, unconformity: Late Toarcian–Aalenian); (2) the J3 (middle Oxfordian–Berriasian, unconformity: middle? Tithonian); (3) the K1.1 (Berriasian–undated top); (4) the K1.2 (undated base–early Aptian, unconformity: late Hauterivian); (5) the K1.3 (early Aptian–at least Turonian–Coniacian, unconformity: Aptian–Albian boundary). The most important tectonic event recorded occurred at the Aptian–Albian boundary (a deposition of olistoliths, from a few metres to 100 m thick, in debris flows; related to Austrian deformations). The Arabian-scale late Toarcian and early Tithonian deformations have been recorded as unconformities. It is expected that another tectonic event occurred during the late Hauterivian. The unconformity of cycle K1.1 could be a late Valanginian eustatic fall of climatic origin.
The influence of Late Cretaceous tectonic processes on sedimentation patterns along the northeastern Arabian plate margin (Fars Province, SW Iran)
Authors: Piryaei Alireza , Reijmer John J. G. , van Buchem Frans S. P. , Yazdi-Moghadam Mohsen , Sadouni Jalil , Danelian Taniel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

During the Late Cretaceous the northeastern margin of the Arabian plate (Zagros–Fars Area) was characterized by significant variations in sedimentary facies, sedimentation patterns and accommodation space, and by shifting depocentres. A succession of events recording the evolution of the region from a passive to an active margin is documented by the study of eight outcrop sections and one well. This new study uses new age dating (benthic and planktonic foraminifers, nannoplankton and radiolarian biozonations and strontium isotope stratigraphy). The new observations provide a detailed overview of the response of the sedimentary system to changes in the tectonic regime related to obduction processes. These changes are very well shown in regional cross-sections and palaeogeographical maps. Three tectono-sedimentary phases are recognized indicating the evolution from a passive to an active margin: Phase I (Late Albian to Cenomanian, before obduction) comprises three depositional third-order sequences comparable with those of the other parts of the Zagros and Arabian plate. This interval is composed of shallow-water platform carbonates and intra-shelf basins. The platform facies consists of rudist and benthic foraminifer-dominated assemblages, whereas the intra-shelf basins contain an ‘
Oligostegina
’ facies. Eustatic sea-level variations and local differential subsidence controlled sediment deposition during this phase. Phase II (Turonian to Late Campanian, obduction phase) is characterized by major changes in depositional environments and sedimentary facies, as a result of obduction and foreland basin creation. It consists of pelagic and platform carbonates in the south, and a foreland basin with obducted radiolarites, ophiolitic and olistoliths or thrust slices in the north. During this phase, large volumes of turbidites and gravity flows with olistoliths were shed from both the SW and NE into the foreland basin. The age of the tectonic slices increases upward through the section, from Early Cretaceous at the base to Permian at the top. Based on various dating methods used on the far-travelled sediments, the depositional age of the radiolarites can be attributed to the Albian–Cenomanian, whereas the planktonic foraminifers are of Santonian to Campanian age. Phase III (Late Campanian to Maastrichtian, after obduction) shows the development of rudist-dominated carbonates in the NE prograding onto the deep basinal facies in the centre of study area. In the extreme NE no sediments of this age have been recorded, suggesting uplift at that time.
Current distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems
Authors: Bordenave M. L. , Hegre J. A. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

In the current Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and in its contiguous offshore, five petroleum systems caused an impressive gathering of oil and gas fields that represent some 8% and 15% of global oil and gas reserves, respectively. Almost all the oil fields are located in the relatively small Dezful Embayment, which extends over 60 000 km
2
, whereas most of the gas fields are concentrated in Central and Coastal Fars and in the contiguous offshore area. This paper describes the functioning of the various petroleum systems through time, each petroleum system having its own specificity, and reconstructs the succession of events that explains the current location of the oil and gas fields and the reservoirs in which oil and/or gas accumulated. In addition to the classical description of the petroleum systems (distribution and organic composition of the source rocks, evolution of their maturity through time, geometry of drains and reservoirs, and trap availability at the time of migration), the influence of tectonic phases (Acadian, Hercynian, Late Cenomanian to pre-Maastrichtian, and Late Miocene to Pliocene Zagros phases) on the various systems are discussed. As the time of oil and/or gas expulsion from the source rocks is necessary to reconstruct migration paths and to locate the traps available at the time of migration, extensive modelling was used. The timing of oil or gas expulsion was compared with the timing of tectonic events. For the older systems, namely the Palaeozoic (Llandovery source rocks), Middle Jurassic (Sargelu), Late Jurassic (Hanifa–Tuwaiq Mountain–Diyab) and Early Cretaceous (Garau), oil and/or gas expulsion occurred before the Zagros folding. Oil migrated over long distances, according to low-angle geometry, towards large-scale low-relief regional highs and salt-related structures. In the current Zagros Fold Belt, oil and gas remigrated later to the closest Zagros anticlines. In contrast, for the prolific Middle Cretaceous to Early Miocene System (Kazhdumi, Pabdeh), oil expulsion occurred almost everywhere in the Dezful Embayment after the onset of the Zagros folding. Oil migrated vertically towards the closest anticlines through a system of fractures. A comparison was made between the oil expelled from the source rocks, as calculated by the model, and the initial oil in place discovered in the fields. Oils were grouped into families based upon isotopic composition (carbon and sulphur), and biomarkers. Correlation between pyrolysates and oils verifies the origin of the oils that was proposed to explain the current location of the oil (and gas) fields.
The requisite variety of skills for IT professionals
Authors: Gallagher Kevin P. , Kaiser Kate M. , Simon Judith C. , Beath Cynthia M. , Goles Tim 
Published: June 2010

Introduction

IT professionals are beset by ongoing changes in technology and business practices. Some commentators have suggested that, in order to stay competitive, IT professionals should retool themselves to gain competency in specific in-demand technical skills. This article argues that thriving in such a dynamic environment requires competency in a broad range of skills, including not only technical skills, but non-technical skills as well.
Our research shows that IT departments in non-IT companies report that while both technical and non-technical skills are important, the skills most critical to retain in-house and most sought in new mid-level employees are non-technical skills such as project management, business domain knowledge and relationship skills. These skills are critical because they enable IT departments to work effectively with other departments, internal users, and external customers and suppliers. Non-technical skills leverage technical skills to augment the organization's overall effectiveness in designing and delivering solutions to meet an organization's challenges and opportunities.
These findings depart from previous articles emphasizing technical skills as a basis for valuing IT workers and other research recommending business-oriented skills only for those managing IT workers, not for IT professionals themselves. Our findings lead us to the realization that in today's environment of continuous and fast-paced change, a mix of skills is essential for IT professionals.
We believe that the Law of Requisite Variety can help explain the need for greater breadth of knowledge and skills among IT professionals. From cybernetics, the Law of Requisite Variety states that adapting to change requires a varied enough solution set to match the complexity of an environment. In this case, IT workers need a broad enough range of knowledge and skills to meet the demands of their increasingly dynamic and complex profession. Based on our research, we offer a framework outlining six skill categories. We believe that all six skill categories are critically important for the career development of IT professionals.
Negotiating with China in Power Asymmetry: The Case of Sino-British Negotiations on the Handover of Hong Kong
Authors: Wanglai Gao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article describes the process of the Sino-British negotiations over Hong Kong that led to the signing of the Joint Declaration of 1984. It shows how the British, as the weaker party in the asymmetrical negotiations, retreated from their initial proposals and how they came to work within the parameters set by the Chinese side. This then helped them to gain concessions from the other side that were important to them in managing the interim period of their rule, while helping to safeguard the territory after its reversion to China. The article highlights the link between the communications among the top leaders and the conduct of the negotiations, showing how skillfully the British identified the other side's concerns and perspectives and how they were able to use the subtleties of language and pressure of time to their advantage. The British experience has important bearings on the literature of international negotiations.
Time in the Gutter: Temporal Structures in Watchmen
Authors: Barnes David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn 1986 writer Alan Moore and illustrator Dave Gibbons produced a graphic novel called Watchmen. In 2005 Time Magazine produced a list of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to the present. To many surprised readers a comic book was among the top ten. It was Watchmen. The story of former crime-fighters brought out of retirement to solve a world destroying mystery is told with a ruthless realism. The style is cinematic with repeating motifs, flashbacks and overlapping subplots. One of the characters in Watchmen, Jon Osterman, as a result of a nuclear accident, receives typical superhuman powers; more importantly to the character he begins to live in a quantum consciousness in which events occur simultaneously rather than sequentially. In chapter four of Watchmen, Moore and Gibbons brilliantly use the sequential art medium to express the subjective and personal nature of that consciousness. This paper will explicate and analyze the way they simulate Jon Osterman's non-temporal consciousness.
The Round-Table. A Social Time Sculpture
Authors: Mayr Albert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInteractions happen in time. Most of us will agree, therefore, that interactions benefit from an appropriate temporal structure. And for many activities there exists a more or less stringent set of rules regarding that structure. This article, on the other hand, describes how such a structure for an everyday activity, i.e. a group conversation, may arise not from the application of pre-established rules, but from a collective creative effort. The elements of this co-operative process are individual preferences regarding the principal temporal parameters, the tools are the basic procedures used in musical composition for structuring time.
Discharge planning and management for patients with chronic respiratory failure using home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Piper A. 
Published: June 2010

Educational aimsTo identify some of the clinical issues associated with the safe and effective care of the patient using home ventilatory support.To recognise those patients and clinical situations where problems related to home ventilation are more likely to occur.To assist in developing discharge plans to improve quality of care for patients using long-term home ventilation.SummaryThe use of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) to manage chronic respiratory failure (CRF) is becoming increasingly prevalent, and is usually delivered by means of a mask interface and pressure preset device. Although the transition from initial acclimatisation and prescription of ventilation to long-term home use is fairly straightforward for many patients with respiratory failure, issues such as nutrition, progressive ventilatory dependence and psychosocial problems can arise. Anticipating these problems and identifying resources and procedures that can reduce the negative impact of complex care carried out in the home is important for the long-term success and safety of HMV.
Medical aerosols: ins and outs of inhalation therapy
Authors: Radic S. , Salonini E. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe “Medical aerosols: ins and outs of inhalation therapy” ERS School Course was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands in November 2009. The course aimed to provide state-of-the-art knowledge in understanding basic aerosol science, key issues of treating diseased airways, patient-related factors influencing efficacy of aerosol therapy and specific pharmacokinetic/dynamic issues related to aerosol medicine. The course also emphasised regulatory issues and important factors on how to instruct and monitor the technical skills of patients.ERS School Courses are aimed at all health professionals within the respiratory field and provide participants with high-quality information and hands-on session, leading to improvements in the daily clinical practice of all attendants. An important aspect of School Courses is the chance for delegates to meet and discuss their current clinical problems with experts in the field and also network with other delegates and make new contacts from around the world. This review gives the perspectives of two delegates from the course working in the field of aerosol medicine.
Transcriptome analysis in non-model species: a new method for the analysis of heterologous hybridization on microarrays
Authors: Degletagne Cyril , Keime Céline , Rey Benjamin , de Dinechin Marc , Forcheron Fabien , Chuchana Paul , Jouventin Pierre , Gautier Christian , Duchamp Claude 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundRecent developments in high-throughput methods of analyzing transcriptomic profiles are promising for many areas of biology, including ecophysiology. However, although commercial microarrays are available for most common laboratory models, transcriptome analysis in non-traditional model species still remains a challenge. Indeed, the signal resulting from heterologous hybridization is low and difficult to interpret because of the weak complementarity between probe and target sequences, especially when no microarray dedicated to a genetically close species is available.ResultsWe show here that transcriptome analysis in a species genetically distant from laboratory models is made possible by usingMAXRS, a new method of analyzing heterologous hybridization on microarrays. This method takes advantage of the design of several commercial microarrays, with different probes targeting the same transcript. To illustrate and test this method, we analyzed the transcriptome of king penguin pectoralis muscle hybridized to Affymetrix chicken microarrays, two organisms separated by an evolutionary distance of approximately 100 million years. The differential gene expression observed between different physiological situations computed byMAXRSwas confirmed by real-time PCR on 10 genes out of 11 tested.ConclusionsMAXRSappears to be an appropriate method for gene expression analysis under heterologous hybridization conditions.