bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Identities Through Multiliteracies: EL Teens Narrate Their Immigration Experiences as Graphic Stories
Authors: Danzak Robin L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBased on a framework of identity‐as‐narrative and multiliteracies, this article describes Graphic Journeys, a multimedia literacy project in which English learners (ELs) in middle school created graphic stories that expressed their families’ immigration experiences. The process involved reading graphic novels, journaling, interviewing, and integrating written text with family photos and other images to produce original graphic stories with computer software. The components of Graphic Journeys supported a multiliteracies pedagogy in that the students engaged with various linguistic modalities and multiple means of communication, including collaborative learning, composing, visual and graphic arts, and technology. The project also provided a powerful forum where the students could express their individual and family identities, explore their cultural heritage, and share their immigration stories with others. Suggestions are provided as to how the components of Graphic Journeys can be extended to EL academic language and writing development.
Estimation of properties of a photoinitiated silorane‐based composite with potential for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Melander Jennifer R. , Weiler Rachel A. , Miller Bradley D. , Schuman Thomas P. , Kilway Kathleen V. , Day Delbert E. , Velez Mariano , Eick J. David 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe have synthesized a filler‐reinforced silorane composite that has potential applications in orthopaedic surgery, such as for a bone stabilizer. The purpose of the present work was to develop a method for estimating four properties of this material; namely, maximum exotherm temperature, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness. The method involved the use of mixture design‐of‐experiments and regression analysis of results obtained using 23 formulations of the composite. We validated the estimation method by showing that, for each of four composite formulations that were not included in the method development, the value of each of the aforementioned properties was not significantly different from that obtained experimentally. Our estimation method has the potential for use in the development of a wide range of orthopaedic materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Influence of femtosecond laser treatment on shear bond strength of composite resin bonding to human dentin under simulated pulpal pressure
Authors: Gerhardt‐Szep Susanne , Werelius Kristian , de Weerth Francoise , Heidemann Detlef , Weigl Paul 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis in vitro study evaluated the influence of femtosecond laser (fs‐laser)‐generated patterns on shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin bonded to human dentin under simulated pulpal pressure. Laser treatment was used to produce two different patterns on dentin surfaces. Three test groups and a control group without laser treatment under pulpal pressure were investigated. Dentin discs of 800 nm thickness were cut from 60 extracted caries‐free human molars. Using a perfusion machine, the discs were exposed to Ringer solution on their basal surfaces. Clearfil SE Bond/Herculite XRV system was used. The samples were stored in distilled water and thermocycled. Bonding failures caused by a test set‐up to challenge SBS were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). An 80 μm‐sized cube‐shaped pattern caused more cohesive failures in dentin or resin compared with the 160 μm‐sized cube‐shaped pattern. Weibull statistics demonstrated a significant difference between the two laser patterns, but only the test group with small‐sized laser pattern was significantly different from the control group. The Weibull moduli ranged from 4.3 to 9.6 (control group). The 160 μm‐sized pattern enhanced the bonding quality and avoided dentin weakening. It was concluded that fs‐laser treatment in a 160 μm‐sized cube‐shaped pattern enabled a simplified bonding procedure by dispensing the primer without affecting SBS, compared with the control group. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Diagnosis of a female urethral diverticulum using transvaginal contrast‐enhanced sonourethrography
Authors: Dai Yi , Shen Hong , Li Yong Zhong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum is difficult due to its nonspecific symptoms, and invasive diagnostic procedures are often necessary. We report a case in which the diagnosis was made with contrast‐enhanced transvaginal sonourethrography. The microbubble contrast agent could be seen filling the diverticular cavity via its opening. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011;
Genetic risk load and age at symptom onset of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Fontenla Cristina , López‐Golán Yolanda , Calaza Manuel , Pombo‐Suarez Manuel , Gómez‐Reino Juan J. , González Antonio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo test whether a higher genetic risk load for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with an earlier age at symptom onset. Six polymorphisms in GDF5, PTGS2, 7q22 locus, DVWA, DIO3, and ASPN that have been associated with knee OA were analyzed in 255 patients that had undergone total knee replacement (TKR) because of primary OA and in 457 healthy controls. We looked for association between the number of risk alleles in each patient and his age at symptom onset with linear regression and t‐tests between the upper and lower quartiles. There was not even a weak trend in the direction of a younger age at symptom onset in the patients carrying more risk alleles. Patients in the upper quartile of age at symptom onset (67.0 ± 2.8 years) carried the same number of OA risk alleles (5.4 ± 1.4 vs. 5.3 ± 1.0) than patients in the lower quartile (44.6 ± 5.5 years). We did not find any evidence in support of the hypothesis of an earlier knee OA symptom onset associated with higher genetic risk load as determined by the six loci. This result suggests that old age and genetic risk act as independent factors in the pathogenesis of OA. It also indicates that designing OA genetic studies with patients selected for early symptom onset will not provide any substantial power gain. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:905–909, 2012
Mobilisation of inorganic phosphorus induced by rice straw in aggregates of a highly weathered upland soil
Authors: Ding Longjun , Wu Jinshui , Xiao Heai , Zhou Ping , Syers J Keith 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microorganisms mediate biochemical transformations of phosphorus (P) in soil. This is of particular importance in highly weathered soils, which are usually P deficient. This study aimed to extend understanding of the separate role of bacteria and fungi in P transformations in aggregates of a highly weathered soil, by adding P‐stripped rice straw and microorganism inhibitors to aggregates.RESULTS: The amount of microbial biomass phosphorus (MB‐P) in the treatment with rice straw alone increased by over two‐fold during 16 days. At the end of 28 d, the amount of inorganic‐P in Fe‐, Al‐, and Ca‐bound fractions decreased, whilst the amount of organic‐P increased substantially (P < 0.01). The effect of bacterial inhibitors (tetracycline and streptomycin sulphate) on P immobilisation was very small in the early phase (0–4 d), but became pronounced after 8 days, whilst the fungal inhibitor (actidione) initially caused a decrease in P immobilisation by about 60%, but had no effect after that.CONCLUSION: Fungi and bacteria immobilise P in soil aggregates, with fungi being responsible initially. However, bacteria become dominant subsequently and immobilise P from the inorganic fractions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Food resource availability for American black ducks wintering in southern New Jersey
Authors: Cramer Dane M. , Castelli Paul M. , Yerkes Tina , Williams Christopher K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMidwinter waterfowl survey data indicates a long‐term decline in the number of wintering American black ducks (Anas rubripes), potentially due to habitat limitations. In order for future estimates of carrying capacity to be determined, it is critical that regional food availability is estimated. We collected pairs of habitat core samples (n = 510) from 5 habitat types in southern New Jersey, USA, during October, January, and April 2006–2008 to estimate resource availability and variability. We collected upper gastrointestinal tracts from hunter‐killed birds (n = 45) and late season collections (n = 19) to identify food items and limited our estimates of resource availability to only winter food items; thereby reducing the availability of seed foods found in our core samples by 38% and animal foods by 96%. We did not detect differences in years or sampling period, but did between habitat types. Mudflat habitat had the greatest availability of invertebrate and vertebrate food items and appeared to supply the bulk of energy to black ducks wintering in southern New Jersey. We suggest conservation efforts to be focused on restoring or enhancing mudflat habitat as an integral component of an ecologically functioning salt marsh to increase food availability. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Annual and seasonal survival of trumpeter swans in the upper midwest
Authors: Varner Dana M. , Eichholz Michael W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe reintroduction of trumpeter swans to the north central United States appears to be a conservation success story. For the most part, population management goals have been met or exceeded. The population cannot be considered self‐sustaining, however, because 90% of the swans migrate short distances to wintering sites where supplemental feeding occurs. The remaining 10% migrate longer distances to areas where adequate open water and forage occur naturally. To determine how these 2 different wintering habits might affect mortality, we used mark‐resight data gathered between 2000 and 2008 to estimate and compare annual survival rates for long‐ and short‐distance migrant swans marked in Wisconsin. Apparent annual survival rates were similar for long‐ (0.81, SE = 0.019) and short‐ (0.81, SE = 0.022) distant adult migrants but were higher for long‐distance sub‐adult (0.86, SE = 0.036) migrants than for short‐distance sub‐adult migrants (0.7, SE = 0.046). We also estimated seasonal survival of long‐distance migrants to determine if the migratory periods are a time of high mortality. We found little evidence for seasonal variation in survival and estimates for both migratory and non‐migratory seasons were very high (>0.97). Overall, the results suggest that little mortality occurs during migration and long‐distance migrants are able to survive at rates at least equal to, but probably higher than, short‐distance migrants. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Acorn production prediction models for five common oak species of the eastern United States
Authors: Rose Anita K. , Greenberg Cathryn H. , Fearer Todd M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAcorn production varies considerably among oak (Quercus) species, individual trees, years, and locations, which directly affects oak regeneration and populations of wildlife species that depend on acorns for food. Hard mast indices provide a relative ranking and basis for comparison of within‐ and between‐year acorn crop size at a broad scale, but do not provide an estimate of actual acorn yield—the number of acorns that can potentially be produced on a given land area unit based on the species, number, and diameter at breast height (dbh) of oak trees present. We used 10 years of acorn production data from 475 oak trees to develop predictive models of potential average annual hard mast production by five common eastern oak species, based on tree diameter and estimated crown area. We found a weak (R2 = 0.08–0.28) relationship between tree dbh and acorn production per unit crown area for most species. The relationship between tree dbh and acorn production per tree was stronger (R2 = 0.33–0.57). However, this is because larger‐dbh trees generally have larger crowns, not because they have a greater capacity to produce more acorns per unit crown area. Acorn production is highly variable among individual trees. We estimated that dbh of at least 60 dominant or codominant oak trees per species should be randomly sampled to obtain an adequate representation of the range of dbhs (≥12.7 cm dbh) in a given forest area, and achieve precise estimates when using these equations to predict potential acorn production. Our predictive models provide a tool for estimating potential acorn production that land managers and forest planners can apply to oak inventory data to tailor estimates of potential average annual acorn production to different forest management scenarios and multiple spatial scales. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Critical Evaluation of the Microwave Effect on Radical (Co)Polymerizations
Authors: Kwak Yungwan , Mathers Robert T. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCritical evaluations of the microwave effect on initiation, propagation, and termination during conventional radical polymerizations (RPs) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and random copolymerization of styrene (St) with (meth)acrylates are examined by comparing microwave heating (MWH) and conventional heating (CH). Poly(methyl methacrylate) with similar , /, and conversion are obtained under precisely controlled temperature, indicating very small changes of propagation rate constant. Rate enhancement in the absence of precise temperature control is mostly due to the higher reaction temperature of the reaction mixture than the apparent value indicated on display. Rates of initiator decomposition under well‐controlled temperature are essentially the same for MWH and CH.
LINE‐1 retrotransposon copies are amplified during murine early embryo development
Authors: Vitullo Patrizia , Sciamanna Ilaria , Baiocchi Marta , Sinibaldi‐Vallebona Paola , Spadafora Corrado 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo large families of retrotransposons, that is, LINE‐1 (Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements‐1) and endogenous retroviruses, encode reverse transcriptase (RT) proteins in vertebrates. We previously showed that mouse preimplantation embryos are endowed with an endogenous, functional RT activity. Inhibiting that activity by microinjecting antisense oligonucleotides against a highly active LINE‐1 family member in mouse oocytes blocked developmental progression between the two‐ and four‐blastomere stages, indicating that LINE‐1‐encoded RT activity is strictly required at this critical transition in early development. Here we show that incubation of mouse zygotes with 5′‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) yields massive incorporation of this nucleoside analogue in newly synthesized DNA; surprisingly, a significant incorporation still occurs in both zygotic pronuclei in the presence of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA replication. This aphidicolin‐resistant BrdU incorporation is quantitatively abolished when embryos are simultaneously exposed to abacavir, a nucleoside RT inhibitor, indicating its retrotranscription‐dependent nature. Moreover, quantitative PCR analysis revealed a burst of new synthesis of LINE‐1 copies at the zygote‐ and two‐cell embryo stages. These findings support the conclusion that RT‐dependent amplification of LINE‐1 retrotransposons is a distinctive feature of early embryonic genomes. Its physiological involvement in preimplantation murine development is discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:118–127, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endplate contributions to the safety factor for neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Ruff Robert L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ), for most extremity and axial skeletal muscle fibers, with the exception of extraocular, middle ear, and some facial and pharyngeal muscles, is a “slave” synapse that is designed to activate the muscle fiber every time the nerve terminal is activated. The fidelity of the NMJ hinges upon the electrical depolarization produced by activation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), called the endplate potential (EPP), being larger than is needed to trigger an action potential (AP) in the skeletal muscle fiber. The safety factor (SF) is a measure of how much larger the EPP is than the depolarization needed to trigger an AP (EAP). The SF depends on the amount of transmitter released, AChR density, EAP, and the effectiveness of the EPP in stimulating the Na+ channels that trigger the AP. This study focuses on the postsynaptic factors that influence the SF and how the SF is altered in myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Autoimmune stiff person syndrome and related myelopathies: Understanding of electrophysiological and immunological processes
Authors: Rakocevic Goran , Floeter Mary Kay 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStiff person syndrome (SPS) is a disabling autoimmune central nervous system disorder characterized by progressive muscle rigidity and gait impairment with superimposed painful spasms that involve axial and limb musculature, triggered by heightened sensitivity to external stimuli. Impaired synaptic GABAergic inhibition resulting from intrathecal B‐cell–mediated clonal synthesis of autoantibodies against various presynaptic and synaptic proteins in the inhibitory neurons of the brain and spinal cord is believed to be an underlying pathogenic mechanism. SPS is most often idiopathic, but it can occur as a paraneoplastic condition. Despite evidence that anti‐GAD and related autoantibodies impair GABA synthesis, the exact pathogenic mechanism of SPS is not fully elucidated. The strong association with several MHC‐II alleles and improvement of symptoms with immune‐modulating therapies support an autoimmune etiology of SPS. In this review, we discuss the clinical spectrum, neurophysiological mechanisms, and therapeutic options, including a rationale for agents that modulate B‐cell function in SPS. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Testing of the Akt/PKB inhibitor MK‐2206 by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Gorlick Richard , Maris John M. , Houghton Peter J. , Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Kolb E. Anders , Keir Stephen T. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. , Billups Catherine A. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundMK‐2206 is a small molecule allosteric inhibitor of Akt/PKB that is undergoing clinical trials for treatment of cancer.ProceduresMK‐2206 was tested against the PPTP in vitro panel using a 96‐hour exposure (1.0 nM–10 µM), and in vivo using thrice weekly dosing for a planned 4 weeks at its maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 180 mg/kg.ResultsIn vitro, the median relative IC50 value for MK‐2206 was 2.2 µM. Four cell lines with IC50 values < 200 nM included two ALL cell lines (COG‐LL‐317 and RS4;11), an AML cell line with an activating KIT mutation (Kasumi‐1), and a Ewing sarcoma cell line (CHLA‐10). In vivo, MK‐2206 induced significant differences in EFS distribution compared to control in 12 of 29 (41%) of the evaluable solid tumor xenografts and in 2 of 8 (25%) of the evaluable ALL xenografts. Significant differences in EFS distribution were most frequently noted in the osteosarcoma panel (6 of 6). A single solid tumor xenograft (OS‐31) had a greater than twofold increase in time to event compared to control animals, with all other solid tumor xenografts showing lesser degrees of tumor growth inhibition. Objective responses were not observed for either the solid tumor or ALL xenografts.ConclusionsMK‐2206 showed its most consistent activity in vitro against ALL cell lines and in vivo against osteosarcoma xenografts. However, no objective responses were observed in solid tumor or ALL xenografts. Further preclinical work evaluating MK‐2206 in pediatric models in the combination therapy setting may contribute to its pediatric development. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:518–524. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epidemiology and potential preventative measures for viral infections in children with malignancy and those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Fisher Brian T. , Alexander Sarah , Dvorak Christopher C. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Zerr Danielle M. , Sung Lillian 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn pediatric patients with malignancy and those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants, bacterial and fungal infections have been the focus of fever and neutropenia episodes for decades. However, improved diagnostic capabilities have revealed viral pathogens as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Because of limited effective antiviral therapies, prevention of viral infections is paramount. Pre‐exposure and post‐exposure prophylaxis and antiviral suppressive therapeutic approaches are reviewed. Additionally, infection control practices specific to this patient population are discussed. A comprehensive approach utilizing each of these can be effective at reducing the negative impact of viral infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 11–15. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Validated Method for the Simultaneous Quantitation of Bioactive Alkaloid Markers in the Leaf Ethanolic Extract of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl.: a Phenological Variation Study
Authors: Marinho A. F. , Barbosa‐Filho J. M. , Oliveira E. J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe leaf hydroalcoholic extract of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) has shown promising activity in different animal models of asthma. Several alkaloids have been identified in the extract, including warifteine and methylwarifteine (bisbenzylisoquinoline), as well as milonine (morphinandienone).ObjectiveTo develop and validate an analytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of the bioactive markers of C. sympodialis hydroalcoholic leaf extract and to apply the method to a seasonal (phenological) study of the concentration of the alkaloid markers.MethodologyThe method used reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and calibration by standard addition. Separation was achieved using a C18‐column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 0.05% aqueous (Et)3NH2(A):MeOH(B) in gradient mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.ResultsThe method proved to be linear in the concentration range tested (2–100 µg/mL, r2 > 0,99), precise (RSD ≤ 15%), accurate (85–115%), selective and robust. Detection limits for warifteine, methyl‐warifteine and milonine were 0.39, 1.10 and 1.77 µg/mL respectively. The highest concentration of total alkaloids (determined as the sum of the three alkaloids) in the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves was 2.9 ± 0.2 mg/g extract (n = 3), prior to fruit development. Both warifteine and methylwarifteine were detected in the total alkaloid fraction of the ripened fruits.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that significant variations in the concentration of the biomarkers occurred throughout the vegetative cycle. The lowest concentration of the alkaloids in the leaves coincided with their appearance in the ripened fruits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.