bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Code Labs: Expediting Laboratory Test Results During a Code
Authors: Hurliman Shannon K. , Paston Kristin 
Published: October 2011

Background
Knowing a patient’s “laboratory picture” is crucial in any code blue situation. Having no streamlined method for collecting and processing laboratory specimens during codes leads to staff frustration and critical delays in patient care.

Objective
To simplify collection and testing of laboratory specimens during codes.

Methods
Staff nurses led an initiative through which (1) code laboratory tests were placed in a computerized order set, thereby simplifying ordering; (2) prepackaged bags of supplies for the new order set were placed in each code cart; (3) the laboratory department supervisor began carrying a code pager to ensure that laboratory staff are prepared for incoming “code labs”; (4) a protocol was created for laboratory staff to follow after receiving code labs; and (5) processes were developed for units that are not integrated in the organization’s electronic ordering system.

Results
The mean turnaround time (the time from when laboratory tests are ordered to when results are posted) was reduced from 52.0 minutes to 31.3 minutes (P = .002). Laboratory staff improved their processing time (the time from when specimens are received by laboratory staff to when results are posted) from 34.9 minutes to 21.5 minutes (P = .01). Survey responses indicated that staff across disciplines were significantly more satisfied with the new process.

Conclusions
Because the changes are basic, they can be implemented easily in any hospital setting to improve turnaround time for laboratory tests during codes.
Protein Kinase Cε Regulates Proliferation and Cell Sensitivity to TGF-1β of CD4+ T Lymphocytes: Implications for Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Mirandola Prisco , Gobbi Giuliana , Masselli Elena , Micheloni Cristina , Di Marcantonio Daniela , Queirolo Valeria , Chiodera Paolo , Meschi Tiziana , Vitale Marco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe have studied the functional role of protein kinase Cε (PKCε) in the control of human CD4+ T cell proliferation and in their response to TGF-1β. We demonstrate that PKCε sustains CD4+ T cell proliferation triggered in vitro by CD3 stimulation. Transient knockdown of PKCε expression decreases IL-2R chain transcription, and consequently cell surface expression levels of CD25. PKCε silencing in CD4 T cells potentiates the inhibitory effects of TGF-1β, whereas in contrast, the forced expression of PKCε virtually abrogates the inhibitory effects of TGF-1β. Being that PKCε is therefore implicated in the response of CD4 T cells to both CD3-mediated proliferative stimuli and TGF-1β antiproliferative signals, we studied it in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), a pathology characterized by abnormal lymphocyte proliferation and activation. When we analyzed CD4 T cells from HT patients, we found a significant increase of PKCε expression, accounting for their enhanced survival, proliferation, and decreased sensitivity to TGF-1β. The increased expression of PKCε in CD4+ T cells of HT patients, which is described for the first time, to our knowledge, in this article, viewed in the perspective of the physiological role of PKCε in normal Th lymphocytes, adds knowledge to the molecular pathophysiology of HT and creates potentially new pharmacological targets for the therapy of this disease.
Heligmosomoides polygyrus Elicits a Dominant Nonprotective Antibody Response Directed against Restricted Glycan and Peptide Epitopes
Authors: Hewitson James P. , Filbey Kara J. , Grainger John R. , Dowle Adam A. , Pearson Mark , Murray Janice , Harcus Yvonne , Maizels Rick M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a widely used gastrointestinal helminth model of long-term chronic infection in mice, which has not been well-characterized at the antigenic level. We now identify the major targets of the murine primary Ab response as a subset of the secreted products in H. polygyrus excretory–secretory (HES) Ag. An immunodominant epitope is an O-linked glycan (named glycan A) carried on three highly expressed HES glycoproteins (venom allergen Ancylostoma-secreted protein-like [VAL]-1, -2, and -5), which stimulates only IgM Abs, is exposed on the adult worm surface, and is poorly represented in somatic parasite extracts. A second carbohydrate epitope (glycan B), present on both a non-protein high molecular mass component and a 65-kDa molecule, is widely distributed in adult somatic tissues. Whereas the high molecular mass component and 65-kDa molecules bear phosphorylcholine, the glycan B epitope itself is not phosphorylcholine. Class-switched IgG1 Abs are found to glycan B, but the dominant primary IgG1 response is to the polypeptides of VAL proteins, including also VAL-3 and VAL-4. Secondary Ab responses include the same specificities while also recognizing VAL-7. Although vaccination with HES conferred complete protection against challenge H. polygyrus infection, mAbs raised against each of the glycan epitopes and against VAL-1, VAL-2, and VAL-4 proteins were unable to do so, even though these specificities (with the exception of VAL-2) are also secreted by tissue-phase L4 larvae. The primary immune response in susceptible mice is, therefore, dominated by nonprotective Abs against a small subset of antigenic epitopes, raising the possibility that these act as decoy specificities that generate ineffective humoral immunity.
NKT TCR Recognition of CD1d-α-C-Galactosylceramide
Authors: Patel Onisha , Cameron Garth , Pellicci Daniel G. , Liu Zheng , Byun Hoe-Sup , Beddoe Travis , McCluskey James , Franck Richard W. , Castaño A. Raúl , Harrak Youssef , Llebaria Amadeu , Bittman Robert , Porcelli Steven A. , Godfrey Dale I. , Rossjohn Jamie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
NKT cells respond to a variety of CD1d-restricted glycolipid Ags that are structurally related to the prototypic Ag α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). A modified analog of α-GalCer with a carbon-based glycosidic linkage (α-C-GalCer) has generated great interest because of its apparent ability to promote prolonged, Th1-biased immune responses. In this study, we report the activation of spleen NKT cells to α-C-GalCer, and related C-glycoside ligands, is weaker than that of α-GalCer. Furthermore, the Vβ8.2 and Vβ7 NKT TCR affinity for CD1d–α-C-GalCer, and some related analogs, is ∼10-fold lower than that for the NKT TCR–CD1d–α-GalCer interaction. Nevertheless, the crystal structure of the Vβ8.2 NKT TCR–CD1d–α-C-GalCer complex is similar to that of the corresponding NKT TCR–CD1d–α-GalCer complex, although subtle differences at the interface provide a basis for understanding the lower affinity of the NKT TCR–CD1d–α-C-GalCer interaction. Our findings support the concept that for CD1d-restricted NKT cells, altered glycolipid ligands can promote markedly different responses while adopting similar TCR-docking topologies.
Granule-Derived Granzyme B Mediates the Vulnerability of Human Neurons to T Cell-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Haile Yohannes , Simmen Katia Carmine , Pasichnyk Dion , Touret Nicolas , Simmen Thomas , Lu Jian-Qiang , Bleackley R. Chris , Giuliani Fabrizio 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an autoimmune disease of the CNS and is characterized by inflammatory cells infiltrating the CNS and inducing demyelination, axonal loss, and neuronal death. Recent evidence strongly suggests that axonal and neuronal degeneration underlie the progression of permanent disability in MS. In this study, we report that human neurons are selectively susceptible to the serine-protease granzyme B (GrB) isolated from cytotoxic T cell granules. In vitro, purified human GrB induced neuronal death to the same extent as the whole activated T cell population. On the contrary, activated T cells isolated from GrB knockout mice failed to induce neuronal injury. We found that following internalization through various parts of neurons, GrB accumulated in the neuronal soma. Within the cell body, GrB diffused out of endosomes possibly through a perforin-independent mechanism and induced subsequent activation of caspases and cleavage of α-tubulin. Inhibition of caspase-3, a well-known substrate for GrB, significantly reduced GrB-mediated neurotoxicity. We demonstrated that treatment of neurons with mannose-6-phosphate prevented GrB entry and inhibited GrB-mediated neuronal death, suggesting mannose-6-phosphate receptor-dependent endocytosis. Together, our data unveil a novel mechanism by which GrB induces selective neuronal injury and suggest potential new targets for the treatment of inflammatory-mediated neurodegeneration in diseases such as MS.
Ornithodoros moubata Complement Inhibitor Is an Equally Effective C5 Inhibitor in Pigs and Humans
Authors: Barratt-Due Andreas , Thorgersen Ebbe Billmann , Lindstad Julie Katrine , Pharo Anne , Lissina Olga , Lambris John D. , Nunn Miles A. , Mollnes Tom Eirik 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that C inhibition and more particularly combined inhibition of C and the TLR coreceptor CD14 may be of therapeutic benefit in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions. A barrier to the testing and further development of many inhibitors is that their activity is species specific. Pig is a relevant species for experimental models of human disease, and this study undertakes a comprehensive comparison of the inhibitory efficacy of the C5 inhibitor Ornithodoros moubata C inhibitor (OmCI) in human and porcine whole blood ex vivo models of Escherichia coli-induced sepsis. The effect of OmCI on complement activity in pigs undergoing E. coli sepsis was also examined. Porcine and human serum, and whole blood anticoagulated with lepirudin, was incubated with E. coli and the effect of OmCI investigated. The ex vivo results were virtually identical in pig and human. OmCI completely ablated the activity of all three C pathways at 0.64 μM. E. coli-induced C activation and expression of CD11b (wCD11R3 in the pig), was abolished ex vivo at 0.32 μM OmCI. Combining anti-CD14 and OmCI reduced the formation of IL-8 and TNF-α more potently than the single inhibitors. OmCI also efficiently bound E. coli-induced leukotriene B4 in pig and human plasma. In support of our ex vivo findings, in vivo the activity of all C pathways was inhibited at 0.6 mg OmCI/kg pig. In conclusion, OmCI efficiently inhibited pig and human C activation, has accompanying anti-inflammatory effects and is a promising candidate inhibitor for further in vivo studies of sepsis.
MHC Class I Family Proteins Retard Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Autoimmunity and B Cell Lymphomagenesis
Authors: McPhee Caroline G. , Sproule Thomas J. , Shin Dong-Mi , Bubier Jason A. , Schott William H. , Steinbuck Martin P. , Avenesyan Lia , Morse Herbert C. , Roopenian Derry C. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Dysregulation of the T cell-dependent Ab response can lead to numerous immunological disorders, ranging from systemic lupus erythematosus to B cell lymphomas. Cellular processes governed by MHC class II proteins play a major role in this response and its dysregulation. The extent to which processes controlled by the diverse family of MHC class I proteins impact such autoimmune and neoplastic disorders, however, is less clear. In this study, we genetically dissect the contributions of individual MHC class I family members and the pathological processes under their control in the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease of BXSB.Yaa mice and B cell lymphomagenesis of SJL mice. This study reveals a powerful repressive regulatory axis comprised of MHC class I-dependent CD8+ T cells and NK cells. These results indicate that the predominant role of the MHC class I protein family in such immunological disorders is to protect from more aggressive diseases.
Effect of laser CO2 irradiation on various properties of polyester fabric: Focus on dyeing
Authors: Montazer Majid , Taheri Seid Javad , Harifi Tina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this research, the effect of CO2 laser on various properties of polyester fabric specially dyeing was studied. Three disperse dyes of red, yellow, and blue were used and irradiation was performed before and after dyeing. To evaluate the color changes due to laser treatment, CIELAB ΔE color difference values were calculated. The morphology of the irradiated surfaces was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Other properties including color fastness, bending rigidity, wettability, and crystal size were also examined. The results revealed that laser treatment had an increasing effect on the color difference value. Among the three laser parameters examined in this work, laser power had the strongest effect. While no significant color fastness improvement with low laser intensity was observed, high‐intensity laser irradiation increased the light and rubbing fastness. Properties such as wettability and bending rigidity were negatively affected by an increase in laser intensity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The Alimentary Canal of the African Lungfish Protopterus annectens During Aestivation and After Arousal
Authors: Icardo José M. , Loong AI M. , Colvee Elvira , Wong Wai P. , IP Yuen K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe describe the structural modifications that occur in the alimentary canal of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens during aestivation and after arousal. With fasting, all gut segments undergo structural modifications. The epithelium covering the intestinal vestibule undergoes bursts of activation at 4 months of aestivation, adopting a more quiescent appearance at 6 months. The ridge area of the spiral intestine shows, at 4 months of aestivation, epithelial disintegration, cell desquamation, cell death, and loss of the freshwater phenotype. Surprisingly, the epithelium adopts a stratified appearance at 6 months of aestivation. Except for epithelial disintegration, the smooth portion of the spiral intestine follows a similar pattern of modifications than the ridge area. The entire epithelium of spiral intestine appears to be renewed during aestivation. The presence of intraepithelial mast cells suggests that inflammation is part of the cellular response to aestivation. After arousal, cell phenotypes are restored in about 6 days, but full structural recovery is not attained during the experimental period (15 days post‐aestivation). Several aspects of the cellular response to fasting are shared by a wide range of animal groups. This commonality agrees with the presence of a character that allows to adjust the structural and functional properties of the gut to food availability and food quality, and to the characteristics of the fasting episodes. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphometric Features and Glycoconjugate Pattern of Rabbit Intestine are Affected by Particle Size of Pelleted Diets
Authors: Desantis Salvatore , Zizza Sara , Accogli Gianluca , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Laudadio Vito 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFeed particle size effects on morphology and glycoconjugate pattern was investigated in the rabbit intestine. Rabbits fed with fine particles (2 mm) displayed more irregularly shaped, higher duodenal villi and deeper crypts in distal colon as well as higher number of goblet cells than coarse (8 mm) fed ones. Brush border expressed: (i) in duodenum, neutral/sulfated glycoconjugates and glycans binding MAL II, SNA, Con A than KOH‐sialidase‐PNA and DBA reactivity in fine and coarse fed rabbits, respectively, (ii) in cecum, mainly sulfoglycans in coarse fed rabbits, MAL II and PNA staining in all samples, and (iii) in distal colon few sulfoglycans and MAL II reactivity. Enterocytes bound MAL II in duodenum, Con A in cecum, DBA, and Con A in distal colon of all rabbits, SNA in distal colon of coarse fed ones. Brunner's glands displayed high presence of acidic/sulfated mucins in fine fed rabbits, neutral glycoconjugates and reactivity with MAL II, SNA, PNA, KOH‐sialidase‐PNA, and Con A in all rabbits. Goblet cells exhibited: (i) in duodenum neutral and sulfomucins as well as MAL II and KOH‐sialidase‐PNA staining, than SNA and DBA in fine and coarse fed rabbits, respectively, (ii) in cecum sulfated glycans, MAL II, SNA, KOH‐sialidase‐PNA, DBA reactivity, and (iii) in distal colon acidic/sulfomucins, MAL II and SNA staining, and DBA reactivity in fine fed specimens. Crypt cells exhibited neutral and PNA reactive glycoconjugates in the cecum. In the distal colon also acidic/sulfated glycans, and MAL II, KOH‐sialidase‐PNA, DBA; SNA staining showed weaker reactivity in fine fed rabbits, which bound Con A. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen and Insulin Replacement Therapy Modulates the Expression of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐I Receptors in the Salivary Glands of Diabetic Mice
Authors: Yashida Monica Hayashi , Da Silva Faria Ana Luyza Domingues , José Caldeira Eduardo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDiabetes mellitus results in various complications, also compromising the salivary glands. Hormone levels and interactions with cellular receptors are altered, intensifying the damage caused by this disease. Hormone replacement therapy alone or combined with other treatments may reverse this damage, but doubts still exist regarding the efficacy of this procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy combined with insulin treatment on salivary secretory cells and on the expression of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I receptors in salivary glands of spontaneously diabetic (NOD) mice. Twenty‐five mice were divided into five groups of five animals each: group I (NOD diabetic), group II (NOD diabetic treated with insulin), group III (NOD diabetic treated with estrogen), group IV (NOD diabetic treated with insulin and estrogen), and group V (control Balb/c mice). Group II received insulin, group III received estrogen, and group IV received insulin plus estrogen administered daily for 20 days. Groups I and V received saline for the same period of time to simulate treatment. Glucose and estrogen levels were monitored during treatment, and salivary gland samples were collected at the end of treatment for stereological analysis and immunofluorescence detection of IGF‐I receptors. Tissue restructuring and regulation of IGF‐I receptors expression were observed in animals submitted to estrogen replacement therapy plus insulin. Estrogen effectively promoted the recovery of salivary secretory cells, demonstrating that this hormone alone, and especially when combined with insulin, might be important for the reversal of hyperglycemia‐induced tissue injury. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Doping Effect of Fluorinated Aromatic Solvents on the Rate of Ruthenium‐Catalysed Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Samojłowicz Cezary , Bieniek Michał , Pazio Aleksandra , Makal Anna , Woźniak Krzysztof , Poater Albert , Cavallo Luigi , Wójcik Jacek , Zdanowski Konrad , Grela Karol 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA study concerning the effect of using a fluorinated aromatic solvent as the medium for olefin metathesis reactions catalysed by ruthenium complexes bearing N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands is presented. The use of fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (FAH) as solvents for olefin metathesis reactions catalysed by standard commercially available ruthenium pre‐catalysts allows substantially higher yields of the desired products to be obtained, especially in the case of demanding polyfunctional molecules, including natural and biologically active compounds. Interactions between the FAH and the second‐generation ruthenium catalysts, which apparently improve the efficiency of the olefin metathesis transformation, have been studied by X‐ray structure analysis and computations, as well as by carrying out a number of metathesis experiments. The optimisation of reaction conditions by using an FAH can be regarded as a complementary approach for the design of new improved ruthenium catalysts. Fluorinated aromatic solvents are an attractive alternative medium for promoting challenging olefin metathesis reactions.
Assessment of the Electronic Properties of P ligands Stemming from Secondary Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Martin David , Moraleda Delphine , Achard Thierry , Giordano Laurent , Buono Gérard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report the study of the net donating ability of monodentate and bidentate P ligands stemming from secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs). We experimentally measured and/or calculated the frequencies of CO stretching modes of various metal carbonyl complexes. The inferred electronic properties of the ligands span an unprecedented range, going from π‐accepting phosphite‐like compounds, to extremely electron‐donating ligands outclassing N‐heterocyclic carbenes.
Effect of xenon arc irradiation on optical whitened polyester woven fabrics
Authors: Tutak Mustafa , Demiryürek Oğuz , Bulut Şüeda 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, the CIE whiteness (CIE WI) and whiteness tint (Tw) of optically whitened (OWA) woven (plain and twill) polyester fabrics irradiated with xenon arc light were investigated. The fabrics were whitened in four concentrations using nine different commercial optical whitening agents, and were irradiated with xenon arc light under specific conditions between 0 and 100 h at 10‐h intervals. The reflectance of the OWA fabrics was measured by using spectrophotometer, whereas the CIE WI and Tw values were calculated by using computer software. The results were investigated by statistical methods using analysis of variance and regression curves in which of the CIE WI of OWA polyester fabrics was found to decrease, while the Tw was also affected depending on irradiation time from the xenon arc light. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013
Horse metabolism and the photocatalytic process as a tool to identify metabolic products formed from dopant substances: the case of sildenafil
Authors: Medana Claudio , Calza Paola , Giancotti Valeria , Bello Federica Dal , Pasello Emanuela , Montana Marco , Baiocchi Claudio 
Published: October 2011

Two horses were treated with sildenafil, and its metabolic products were sought in both urine and plasma samples. Prior to this, a simulative laboratory study had been done using a photocatalytic process, to identify all possible main and secondary transformation products, in a clean matrix; these were then sought in the biological samples.The transformation of sildenafil and the formation of intermediate products were evaluated adopting titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. Several products were formed and characterized using the HPLC/HRMSn technique. The main intermediates identified in these experimental conditions were the same as the major sildenafil metabolites found in in vivo studies on rats and horses. Concerning horse metabolism, sildenafil and the demethylated product (UK 103,320) were quantified in blood samples. Sildenafil propyloxide, de‐ethyl, and demethyl sildenafil, were the main metabolites quantified in urine. Some more oxidized species, already formed in the photocatalytic process, were also found in urine and plasma samples of treated animals. Their formation involved hydroxylation on the aromatic ring, combined oxidation and dihydroxylation, N‐demethylation on the pyrazole ring, and hydroxylation. These new findings could be of interest in further metabolism studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.