bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Endoscopic Biopsies of the Duodenum and Ileum for Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Small Cell Lymphoma in Cats
Authors: Scott K.D. , Zoran D.L. , Mansell J. , Norby B. , Willard M.D. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundEndoscopic duodenal biopsies are relatively convenient, minimally invasive tests for infiltrative intestinal disorders of cats. Ileal endoscopic biopsies might not be performed because of technical difficulty and effort required to prepare the colon. It is not known whether or not histopathology of feline duodenal and ileal biopsies for detection of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and small cell lymphoma (SC‐LSA) provides comparable results.ObjectivesTo evaluate the agreement between endoscopic biopsies of duodenum and ileum in cats withIBDandSC‐LSA.AnimalsSeventy client‐owned cats with gastrointestinal disease and adequate duodenal and ileal tissue biopsies obtained endoscopically.MethodsRetrospective study: Search of medical records of cats with enteropathy and endoscopy. Samples were blinded and re‐evaluated by single pathologist (JM) for quality, number of biopsies, and diagnosis according toWSAVAstandards. Agreement ofIBDandSC‐LSAdiagnoses among biopsy sites assessed using Cohen's Kappa.ResultsEighteen of 70 cats (26%) were diagnosed withSC‐LSAin duodenum, ileum, or both. Of these 18 cats, 7 (39%) were diagnosed with only duodenalSC‐LSA, 8 (44%) were diagnosed with only ilealSC‐LSA, and 3 (17%) hadSC‐LSAin both duodenum and ileum. There was poor agreement on diagnosis between duodenal and ileal biopsies (kappa = 0.23).Conclusions and clinical importanceAlthough review by a single pathologist remains a limitation of this study, results suggest that there is a population of cats in which diagnosis ofSC‐LSAcan be found only by evaluation of ileal biopsies. Clinicians should consider performing both upper and lowerGIendoscopic biopsies in cats with infiltrative small bowel disease.
Therapeutic interventions for acute hamstring injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Reurink Gustaaf , Goudswaard Gert Jan , Tol Johannes L , Verhaar Jan A N , Weir Adam , Moen Maarten H 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundDespite the high rate of hamstring injuries, there is no consensus on their management, with a large number of different interventions being used. Recently several new injection therapies have been introduced.ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for acute hamstring injuries.Data sourcesThe databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched in May 2011.Study eligibility criteriaProspective studies comparing the effect of an intervention with another intervention or a control group without intervention in subjects with acute hamstring injuries were included.Data analysisTwo authors independently screened the search results and assessed risk of bias. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database score. A best evidence synthesis was used to identify the level of evidence.Main resultsSix studies were included in this systematic review. There is limited evidence for a positive effect of stretching, agility and trunk stability exercises, intramuscular actovegin injections or slump stretching in the management of acute hamstring injuries. Limited evidence was found that there is no effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or manipulation of the sacroiliac joint.ConclusionsThere is a lack of high quality studies on the treatment of acute hamstring injuries. Only limited evidence was found to support the use of stretching, agility and trunk stability exercises, intramuscular actovegin injections or slump stretching. Further research is needed using an appropriate control group, randomisation and blinding.
Bowel cancer screening is safe, detects earlier stage cancer and adenomas in 50% of cases: experience of the prevalent round of screening from two first wave centres in the North East of England
Authors: Rajasekhar P T , Clifford G M , Lee T J W , Rutter M D , Waddup G , Ritchie M , Nylander D , Painter J , Singh J , Ward I , Dempsey N , Bowes J , Handley G , Henry J , Rees C J 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveThe NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) began roll-out in 2006 aiming to reduce cancer mortality through detection at an earlier stage. We report results from the prevalent round of screening at two first wave centres and compare with the UK pilot study.DesignThis is a service evaluation study. Data were collected prospectively for all individuals undergoing faecal occult blood testing (FOBt) and colonoscopy including: uptake and outcomes of FOBt, colonoscopic performance, findings, histological data and complications. Continuous data were compared using a two-tailed test of two proportions.SettingThe South of Tyne and Tees Bowel Cancer Screening centres.PatientsParticipants of the BCSP.Main Outcome Measures1) Colonoscopy Quality Assurance and 2) Cancer stage shift.Results195,772 individuals were invited to participate. Uptake was 54% and FOBt positivity 1.7%. 1524 underwent colonoscopy with caecal intubation in 1485 (97%). 180 (12%) cancers were detected. Dukes stages were: 76 (42%) A; 47 (26%) B; 47 (26%) C; 8 (4%) D and 2 (1%) unknown. This demonstrates a significantly earlier stage at diagnosis compared with data from 2867 non-screening detected cancers (p<0.001). Adenomas were detected in 758 (50%). One perforation occurred (0.07%) and two intermediate bleeds requiring transfusion only (0.12%). Both caecal intubation and adenoma detection were significantly higher than in the UK pilot study (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalent round of screening demonstrates a high adenoma and cancer detection rate and significantly earlier stage at diagnosis. Complications were few providing reassurance regarding safety. Efforts are required to improve uptake.
LMP1 expression is positively associated with metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wang Yan , Zeng Shan , Hu Xinrong 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveLatent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is an oncogene of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Although EBV is associated with 90% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the reported detectable expression rates of LMP1 determined by current techniques were from 50% to 80%. This study evaluates the association of LMP1 expression with metastasis in NPC.MethodsData from published case–control studies on LMP1 expression and metastasis in NPC were collected up to 30 March 2011. The databases of Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Cochrane Library were searched with keywords ‘LMP1 or latent membrane protein 1’, ‘NPC or nasopharyngeal carcinoma’ and ‘metastasis’ to identify articles published in English or Chinese. Review manager V.5.0.24 software was applied for calculating OR and corresponding 95% CI and for statistical analysis. The combined OR and 95% CI for the cumulative metastasis rate in the LMP1 expression cases versus those in the LMP1-negative cases were estimated by using fixed-effects and random-effects models.Results718 cases from 12 articles, including 403 cases with LMP1 expression and 315 cases without LMP1 expression, were reviewed. The cumulative metastasis rates were 66.75% (269/403) in cases with LMP1 expression and 46.98% (148/315) in those without LMP1 expression. The combined OR for the cumulative metastasis rates were 1.98 (95% CI 1.38 to 2.837) in the fixed-effects model and 2.27 (95% CI 1.10 to 4.69) in the random-effects model.ConclusionLMP1 expression is positively associated with metastasis in NPC, thus LMP1 detection in primary NPC might be an effective and feasible means to predict metastasis.
Coordinated expression of oestrogen and androgen receptors in HER2-positive breast carcinomas: impact on proliferative activity
Authors: Lin Francini de Mattos Lima , Pincerato Katia Maciel , Bacchi Carlos Eduardo , Baracat Edmund Chada , Carvalho Filomena Marino 
Published: October 2011

AimsHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers are aggressive neoplasms associated with a variable response to systemic therapies. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers to better characterise this heterogeneity would improve treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of androgen receptor (AR) and oestrogen receptor (ER) on clinicopathological features in a series of HER2-positive breast carcinomas.MethodsA total of 104 carcinomas were selected and reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies for ER, progesterone receptor and Ki-67 were analysed on tumour whole histological sections. AR expression was analysed on samples represented on tissue microarrays. According to steroid receptor expression, cases were classified into three groups: AR positive/ER positive (48 cases), AR positive/ER negative (41 cases) and AR negative/ER negative (13 cases).ResultsAR-positive tumours corresponded to 89 (85.6%) of 104 carcinomas. AR-positive carcinomas were associated with a higher frequency of ER and progesterone receptor co-expression and lower proliferative activity determined by the expression of Ki-67. AR-negative carcinomas were more often high grade. The group of AR-positive/ER-negative carcinomas was associated with the highest frequency of apocrine morphological features. The group of AR-negative/ER-negative carcinomas was associated with the highest proliferative activity and the highest frequency of high histological and nuclear grade. The lowest frequency of high-grade tumours and the lowest proliferative activity were seen among tumours with expression of both receptors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that co-expression of AR and ER can provide a protective effect based on phenotypical presentation of HER2-positive carcinomas. Furthermore, lack of both steroid hormone receptors characterises the most aggressive phenotype.
Change in meticillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusclones at a tertiary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates over a 5-year period
Authors: Sonnevend Ágnes , Blair Iain , Alkaabi Mohammed , Jumaa Pauline , al Haj Mohammed , Ghazawi Akela , Akawi Nadia , Jouhar Fatima Saeed , Hamadeh Mohammad Baraa , Pál Tibor 
Published: October 2011

AimsMeticillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains isolated in Tawam Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates, were examined in order to understand the reasons for a doubling of its incidence between 2003 and 2008 while maintaining the same infection control measures.MethodsAll consecutive non-duplicate clinically relevant MRSA isolates recovered between January and December 2003 and between May and October 2008 were studied. The antibiotic susceptibility, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, toxin gene, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec),spa,agrand multilocus sequence types of the strains were tested.ResultsIn 2003, typical healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA) genotypes (ST239-MRSA-III, ST22-MRSA-IV and ST5-MRSA-II) represented the majority (61.5%) of the isolates. By 2008 this pattern had changed and clonal types considered as community-associated (CA) MRSA comprised 73.1% of the strains with ST80-MRSA-IV, ST5-MRSA-IV and ST1-MRSA with non-typable SCCmec types being the most frequent. However, further epidemiological investigations showed that only one-third of the CA-MRSA infections were actually acquired in the community, indicating that CA-MRSA clones have entered and spread within the hospital.ConclusionsThe emergence of CA-MRSA clones with subsequent entry to and spread within the hospital has contributed to the increasing incidence of MRSA observed in Tawam Hospital and probably also in other hospitals in the UAE.
Young men, sexual health and responsibility for contraception: a qualitative pilot study
Authors: Brown Sally 
Published: November 2011

Background and methodologyDespite increasing interest over the last decade or more in men's views of sexual health services and use of contraception, most published literature focuses on women. It is important that the views of boys and young men are better understood, particularly with regard to responsibility for use of contraception. This pilot study aimed to gain insights into young men's views of sexual health services and contraception; five non-fathers aged between 14 and 18 years took part in two focus groups. The groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method to build up categories of data.ResultsEngaging young men in research is very difficult, particularly young men who are not in education or employment. Young fathers proved impossible to recruit. The young men who took part in the study thought responsibility for contraception was shared, although this was partly dependent on relationship status, namely whether sex was with a regular partner or a one-night stand.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings are based on a small sample and all participants were in full-time education. It is likely that attitudes may differ from those who are not in education, training or employment. In a future study, it would be important to ensure that young men from different class and educational backgrounds are included in the research, as the tentative conclusions from this pilot study suggest that educational status is a factor in beliefs about responsibility.
MEASURING THE REPAIR PERFORMANCE FOR STRICKEN CULTIVATED LAND AND AGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY IN CHINA WITH A MODIFIED TWO-STAGE DEA MODEL
Authors: CHIU YUNG-HO , HUANG CHIN-WEI , TING CHUNG-TE 
Published: November 2011

This study develops a modified two-stage DEA model based on the model of Chen and Zhu (2004) to evaluate China's agricultural efficiency and repaired efficiency (for stricken cultivated land) in a single DEA implementation. The government expenditures and the difference of various cultivated land types are identified as the external influence factors for agricultural efficiency in former works. Those are internalized into the empirical model. The results indicate that the repaired and agricultural efficiencies are positively correlated on a significant level, which implies an efficient utilization of governmental service expenditures that in turn drives high performance in agricultural efficiency. The external effects analysis finds that increasing the degree of education for agricultural employees improves the agricultural efficiency and that developing a mechanized irrigation system is beneficial in enhancing repaired efficiency for fallow land. Information on repaired cultivated land utilization, which was extracted from analysis on optimal ratios and includes the quantity of excess and deficit for each region, is also provided.
Overexpression of ZEB2 at the Invasion Front of Colorectal Cancer Is an Independent Prognostic Marker and Regulates Tumor Invasion In Vitro
Authors: Kahlert Christoph , Lahes Saleh , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Dutta Shamik , Mogler Carolin , Herpel Esther , Brand Karsten , Steinert Gunnar , Schneider Martin , Mollenhauer Martin , Reissfelder Christoph , Klupp Fee , Fritzmann Johannes , Wunder Christina , Benner Axel , Kloor Matthias , Huth Cathrin , Contin Pietro , Ulrich Alexis , Koch Moritz , Weitz Jürgen 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in tumor invasion and dissemination. EMT occurs predominantly at the tumor edge where it is induced by cytokines, the extracellular matrix environment, or hypoxia. In the tumor cell, it is further mediated by several transcription factors and microRNAs. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of EMT-associated genes at the invasive front in colorectal cancer and to evaluate their prognostic significance.
Experimental Design: We evaluated the expression of 13 EMT-associated genes at the invasion front of 30 colorectal liver metastases by quantitative real-time PCR. Immunostaining against zinc finger E-box–binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) was carried out on 175 primary colorectal cancer specimens and 30 colorectal liver metastases and correlated to clinical and histopathologic data. DLD-1 cells were transfected with siRNA and subjected to migration and invasion assays.
Results: Gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry showed an upregulation of ZEB2 at the invasion front in primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases. Overexpression of ZEB2 at the invasion front correlated significantly with tumor stage in primary colorectal cancer. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed overexpression of ZEB2 at the invasion front as an independent prognostic marker for cancer-specific survival. Downregulation of ZEB2 by siRNA decreased the migration and invasion capacity of DLD-1 cells in vitro.
Conclusions: Overexpression of ZEB2 at the invasion front correlates with tumor progression and predicts cancer-specific survival in primary colorectal cancer. Therefore, ZEB2 may be interesting as biomarker and potential target for treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7654–63. ©2011 AACR.
Adaptive Clinical Trial Designs for Simultaneous Testing of Matched Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Scher Howard I. , Nasso Shelley Fuld , Rubin Eric H. , Simon Richard 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A critical challenge in the development of new molecularly targeted anticancer drugs is the identification of predictive biomarkers and the concurrent development of diagnostics for these biomarkers. Developing matched diagnostics and therapeutics will require new clinical trial designs and methods of data analysis. The use of adaptive design in phase III trials may offer new opportunities for matched diagnosis and treatment because the size of the trial can allow for subpopulation analysis. We present an adaptive phase III trial design that can identify a suitable target population during the early course of the trial, enabling the efficacy of an experimental therapeutic to be evaluated within the target population as a later part of the same trial. The use of such an adaptive approach to clinical trial design has the potential to greatly improve the field of oncology and facilitate the development of personalized medicine. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6634–40. ©2011 AACR.
Identification and Elucidation of the Biology of Adverse Events: The Challenges of Safety Assessment and Translational Medicine
Authors: Turteltaub Kenneth W. , Davis Myrtle A. , Burns-Naas Leigh Ann , Lawton Michael P. , Clark Adam M. , Reynolds Jack A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
There has been an explosion of technology-enabled scientific insight into the basic biology of the causes of adverse events. This has been driven, in part, by the development of the various “omics” tools (e.g., genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and associated bioinformatics platforms. Meanwhile, for decades, changes in preclinical testing protocols and guidelines have been limited. Preclinical safety testing currently relies heavily on the use of outdated animal models. Application of systems biology methods to evaluation of toxicities in oncology treatments can accelerate the introduction of safe, effective drugs. Systems biology adds insights regarding the causes and mechanisms of adverse effects, provides important and actionable information to help understand the risks and benefits to humans, focuses testing on methods that add value to the safety testing process, and leads to modifications of chemical entities to reduce liabilities during development. Leveraging emerging technologies, such as genomics and proteomics, may make preclinical safety testing more efficient and accurate and lead to better safety decisions. The development of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidance document on the use of systems biology in clinical testing would greatly benefit the development of drugs for oncology by communicating the potential application of specific methodologies, providing a framework for qualification and application of systems biology outcomes, and providing insight into the challenges and limitations of systems biology in the regulatory decision-making process. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6641–5. ©2011 AACR.
Using Patient-Initiated Study Participation in the Development of Evidence for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ambrose Laurie Fenton , Freedman Jamie , Buetow Kenneth , Friend Stephen , Schilsky Richard L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Personalized cancer therapy offers the promise of delivering the right treatments to the right patients to improve patient outcomes and quality of life, while reducing exposure to ineffective therapies and the cost of cancer care. Realizing this promise depends in large part on our ability to generate timely and sufficiently detailed information regarding factors that influence treatment response. Generating this evidence through the traditional physician investigator-initiated clinical trial system has proved to be challenging, given poor recruitment rates and low compliance with requests for biospecimen collection. As a result, our current understanding of treatment response is inadequate, particularly for cancer therapies that have been in use for many years. Patient-initiated study participation may offer a new model for evidence generation that capitalizes on strong patient interest in furthering research to inform better and more tailored cancer therapies. In this approach, patients are engaged and recruited directly by the sponsor of an Institutional Review Board–approved study, and patients subsequently drive the participation of their health care providers to facilitate collection of required data and tissue samples. The ultimate goal of these studies is to generate evidence of sufficient quality to inform regulatory decisions (i.e., labeling changes for marketed therapies to reflect populations most likely to respond) and treatment selection. Here, we describe a hypothetical prospective observational study in non–small cell lung cancer that could serve as a model for patient-initiated study participation applied to understand molecular determinants of treatment response. Key elements discussed include study design, patient engagement, and data/biospecimen collection and management principles. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6651–7. ©2011 AACR.