bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of dementia diagnoses and cognitive function measures in Medicare claims and the Minimum Data Set
Authors: Niznik Joshua D. , Lund Jennifer L. , Hanson Laura C. , Colón‐Emeric Cathleen , Kelley Casey J. , Gilliam Meredith , Thorpe Carolyn T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundGold standard dementia assessments are rarely available in large real‐world datasets, leaving researchers to choose among methods with imperfect but acceptable accuracy to identify nursing home (NH) residents with dementia. In healthcare claims, options include claims‐based diagnosis algorithms, diagnosis indicators, and cognitive function measures in the Minimum Data Set (MDS), but few studies have compared these. We evaluated the proportion of NH residents identified with possible dementia and concordance of these three.MethodsUsing a 20% random sample of 2018–2019 Medicare beneficiaries, we identified MDS admission assessments for non‐skilled NH stays among individuals with continuous enrollment in Medicare Parts A, B, and D. Dementia was identified using: (1) Chronic Conditions Warehouse (CCW) claims‐based algorithm for Alzheimer's disease and non‐Alzheimer's dementia; (2) MDS active diagnosis indicators for Alzheimer's disease and non‐Alzheimer's dementias; and (3) the MDS Cognitive Function Scale (CFS) (at least mild cognitive impairment). We compared the proportion of admissions with evidence of possible dementia using each criterion and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and agreement of the CCW claims definition and MDS indicators for identifying any impairment on the CFS.ResultsAmong 346,013 non‐SNF NH admissions between 2018 and 2019, 57.2% met criteria for at least one definition (44.7% CFS, 40.7% CCW algorithm, 26.0% MDS indicators). The MDS CFS uniquely identified the greatest proportion with evidence of dementia. The CCW claims algorithm had 63.7% sensitivity and 78.1% specificity for identifying any cognitive impairment on the CFS. Active diagnosis indicators from the MDS had lower sensitivity (47.0%), but higher specificity (91.0%).ConclusionsClaims‐ and MDS‐based methods for identifying NH residents with possible dementia have only partial overlap in the cohorts they identify, and neither is an obvious gold standard. Future studies should seek to determine whether additional functional assessments from the MDS or prescriptions can improve identification of possible dementia in this population.
Advancing primatology through ethical and scientific perspectives on rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) cloning
Authors: Kwon Taeho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA critical turning point was reached in research with the recent success in cloning rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), a major advancement in primatology. This breakthrough marks the beginning of a new age in biomedical research, ushered by improved somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques and creative trophoblast replacement strategies. The successful cloning of rhesus monkeys presents the possibility of producing genetically homogeneous models that are highly advantageous for studying complex biological processes, testing drugs, and researching diseases. However, this achievement raises important ethical questions, particularly regarding animal welfare and the broader ramifications of primate cloning. Approaching the future of primate research with balance is critical, as the scientific world stands on the brink of these revolutionary breakthroughs. This paper aims to summarise the consequences, ethical challenges and possible paths forward in primatology arising from rhesus monkey cloning.
Revolutionizing non‐melanoma skin cancer treatment: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors take the stage
Authors: Gholizadeh Nasim , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Zaresharifi Shirin , Gheisari Mehdi , Tabari Mohammad Amin Khazeei , Zoghi Ghazal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInnovative treatments for non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are required to enhance patient outcomes.AimsThis review examines the effectiveness and safety of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs).MethodsA comprehensive review was conducted on the treatment potential of several RTKIs, namely cetuximab, erlotinib, gefitinib, panitumumab, and lapatinib.ResultsThe findings indicate that these targeted therapies hold great promise for the treatment of NMSCs. However, it is crucial to consider relapse rates and possible adverse effects. Further research is needed to improve treatment strategies, identify patient groups that would benefit the most, and assess the long‐term efficacy and safety, despite the favorable results reported in previous studies. Furthermore, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of integrating RTKIs with immunotherapy and other treatment modalities to enhance the overall efficacy of therapy for individuals with NMSC.ConclusionsTargeted therapies for NMSCs may be possible with the use of RTKIs. The majority of studies focused on utilizing epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors as the primary class of RTKIs for the treatment of NMSC. Other RTKIs were only employed in experimental investigations. Research indicates that RTKIs could potentially serve as a suitable alternative for elderly patients who are unable to undergo chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Nurses' attitudes towards COVID‐19 vaccines: A qualitative study (PROACTIVE‐study)
Authors: Ottonello Giulia , Pesenti Silvia , Napolitano Francesca , Calzolari Michela , Pagnucci Nicola , Aleo Giuseppe , Zanini Milko , Catania Gianluca , Hayter Mark , Sasso Loredana , Bagnasco Annamaria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the attitudes of healthcare workers towards COVID‐19 vaccines.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted between October and November 2021, with a total of 30 nurses from different contexts in Northern Italy. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.ResultsThree main themes were identified: ‘favourable’, ‘unsure’ and ‘contrary to’ COVID‐19 vaccines. The favourable position was underpinned by trust in science, research and vaccination; protection for themselves, their families, patients and the population; duty as professionals; necessity to set an example for others. Participants who were unsure had doubts about the composition, safety and efficacy of the vaccine and were sometimes afraid that media provided incomplete information. The main reason why nurses were against was the feeling that being forced to vaccinate perceived as blackmail. Favourable or unsure nurses struggled to deal with those who were against and developed a series of emotions that ranged from respect and attempt to rationalize, to frustration and defeat.ConclusionsIdentifying the areas of hesitation is essential to understand what affects the choices of acceptance, delay or refusal of vaccination. The issues that emerged regarding proper communication within the vaccination campaign highlights the key importance of adequate vaccination strategies.Implication for the Profession and/or Patient CareUnderstanding attitudes towards vaccine and related motivations among healthcare workers could help develop more specific and targeted vaccination campaigns that can ensure proper vaccination coverage rates and avoid hesitancy or refusal.Impact

Healthcare workers experiences of COVID‐19 vaccines, their views and know how they feel during COVID‐19 vaccinations.

Healthcare workers had three different positions in COVID‐19 vaccination.

This research will guide and target future vaccination campaigns.

Reporting MethodThe study is reported using the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Measuring the importance of olfaction in Chinese children: A psychometric study of the Chinese version of the Children's Personal Significance of Olfaction Questionnaire
Authors: Chen Lixin , Tan Shaozhen , Li Shaowei , Ma Qianwen , Chen Yuying , Yan Chao , Schriever Valentin A. , Zou Laiquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Children's Personal Significance of Olfaction Questionnaire (ChiPSO) is a measurement tool for assessing the importance of olfactory information in children. Due to limited research on the importance of olfaction in Chinese children, this study aims to translate the ChiPSO into Chinese and validate this version, thereby examining its applicability within the Chinese context. The study involved 1015 participants aged 6–15 years, with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) used to evaluate the questionnaire's factor structure, alongside tests for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and concurrent validity. The results confirmed a robust three‐factor structure (food, environment, and social) with adequate internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Furthermore, concurrent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with the Chemosensory Pleasure Scale for Children and the Body Odor Sniffing Questionnaire. In conclusion, this study effectively validated the ChiPSO‐C, proving it to be a reliable instrument for investigating olfactory significance in Chinese children.Practical ApplicationThe Chinese version of the Children's Personal Significance of Olfaction offers a validated tool to assess the personal significance of olfaction in Chinese children. Researchers and educators can use this tool to better understand and support children who may rely more significantly on olfactory cues for learning and interaction. Furthermore, this tool facilitates cross‐cultural research by providing a means to compare olfactory significance across different cultural contexts.
Demographics and exploitation of threatened cyprinid, Hypselobarbus kolus from a small‐scale reservoir fishery in the Western Ghats hot spot, India
Authors: Renjithkumar Chelapurath Radhakrishnan , Roshni Kuttanelloor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Western Ghats region (part of Western Ghats‐Sril Lanka biodiversity hotspot) in India, is known not only for its rich ichthyodiversity and endemism but also as a region that continues to face various human pressure on its freshwater ecosystem through over‐exploitation, habitat destruction and alien fish invasion. Insufficient data regarding the demographics and exploitation pattern of threatened freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats (WG) region serves as a barrier to effectively managing and conserving these species in a sustainable manner. In this study, growth, mortality and exploitation level of an endemic and threatened cyprinid, Hypselobarbus kolus were investigated based on the specimen collected by tribal fishers through small‐scale fishery in Poringalkuthu Reservoir, Chalakudy River, WG, India. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth rate (K) (growth parameters) of H. kolus were estimated as 341.25 mm and 0.64 year−1 respectively. The potential longevity (tmax) and length at first capture (Lc) were found to be 4.69 years and 249.34 mm respectively. The fishing mortality (F = 1.20 year−1) of H. kolus was higher than the natural mortality (M =.65 year−1) suggesting an unsustainable level of exploitation for the species within the present study area. Current exploitation rate is greater than E50 and 68% of the predicted maximum exploitation (Emax) points out the possibility of uncertain future of the stock under current exploitation rate. An integrative conservation approach, including fishing closure during spawning seasons, mesh size regulation, quotas system for local tribes and fishermen will ensure to sustainable harvesting for the species in the WG hotspot.
Understanding marine biodiversity patterns and drivers: The fall of Icarus
Authors: Danovaro Roberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiodiversity patterns are fundamental in our understanding of the distribution of life, ecosystem function, and conservation. In this concept analysis, A survey of the existing knowledge on marine biodiversity patterns and drivers across latitudes, longitudes, and depths indicates that none of the postulated patterns represent a rule. The paradigm of latitudinal gradients or bathymetric patterns of diversity vary across biogeographic regions or biodiversity components, kingdoms, or body sizes. The same holds true for the hypothesized longitudinal and cost‐offshore patterns. Food availability and temperature influence all life forms and appear to be the most relevant factors shaping marine biodiversity. However, these drivers interact with many other variables such as spatial heterogeneity, ecological and physical processes creating a complex mosaic of shaping factors that limits any prediction. Climate change, with its implications for global primary productivity and temperature rise, can represent one of the major influences on future marine biodiversity. Understanding biodiversity emphasizes the need to complete the census of marine life in the next decade. The effort must use the most advanced technologies, develop holistic approaches and promote the integration of morphological‐ and genetic‐based taxonomy to explore the biodiversity of organisms of all size classes, at large spatial scales and across habitat types, particularly open ocean and deep‐sea ecosystems. Without this basic knowledge, coupled with identification of the drivers shaping the observed patterns, we will be unable to fill these knowledge gaps that are crucial for developing adequate conservation measures of marine biodiversity at global scale.
Mechanisms of low nighttime temperature promote oil accumulation in Brassica napus L. based on in‐depth transcriptome analysis
Authors: Mi Chao , Zhang Yusong , Zhao Yanning , Lin Liangbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRape (Brassica napus L.; AACC) is an important oil‐bearing crop worldwide. Temperature significantly affects the production of oil crops; however, the mechanisms underlying temperature‐promoted oil biosynthesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that a temperature‐sensitive cultivar (O) could accumulate higher seed oil content under low nighttime temperatures (LNT,13°C) compared with a temperature‐insensitive cultivar (S). We performed an in‐depth transcriptome analysis of seeds from both cultivars grown under different nighttime temperatures. We found that low nighttime temperatures induced significant changes in the transcription patterns in the seeds of both cultivars. In contrast, the expression of genes associated with fatty acid and lipid pathways was higher in the O cultivar than in the S cultivar under low nighttime temperatures. Among these genes, we identified 14 genes associated with oil production, especially BnLPP and ACAA1, which were remarkably upregulated in the O cultivar in response to low nighttime temperatures compared to S. Further, a WGCNA analysis and qRT‐PCR verification revealed that these genes were mainly regulated by five transcription factors, WRKY20, MYB86, bHLH144, bHLH95, and NAC12, whose expression was also increased in O compared to S under LNT. These results allowed the elucidation of the probable molecular mechanism of oil accumulation under LNT conditions in the O cultivar. Subsequent biochemical assays verified that BnMYB86 transcriptionally activated BnLPP expression, contributing to oil accumulation. Meanwhile, at LNT, the expression levels of these genes in the O plants were higher than at high nighttime temperatures, DEGs (SUT, PGK, PK, GPDH, ACCase, SAD, KAS II, LACS, FAD2, FAD3, KCS, KAR, ECR, GPAT, LPAAT, PAP, DGAT, STERO) related to lipid biosynthesis were also upregulated, most of which are used in oil accumulation.
A Procedure for the Static Design of Activated Carbon-Filled Air Springs
Authors: Breitenbach Stephan , Skoglund Marcel , Mantwill Frank 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Compared to conventional coil springs in passenger vehicles, air springs allow the vehicle body to be leveled independently of the load while maintaining an almost constant spring rate. However, while vehicle masses are increasing, the usable installation space for the suspension and especially the body springs is constantly decreasing as battery packs for electric vehicles tend to become larger. This leads to a conflict of objectives in the design of the air spring, as a low spring rate is mainly achieved by a large air volume in the spring. By introducing adsorbents into the enclosed air volume, the spring rate can be lowered while maintaining the same installation space. Conversely, it is possible to reduce the required installation space while achieving the specified stiffness. This work provides an analytical approach for the determination of the spring stiffness of air springs filled with activated carbon. In contrast to complex numerical approaches based on substitute tests, the presented method provides a simple and application-oriented stiffness prediction for adsorbent-filled air springs under quasi-static excitation. With the validation measurements presented, this provides a robust design tool for industrial use.
Legacy copper/nickel mine tailings potentially harbor novel iron/sulfur cycling microorganisms within highly variable communities
Authors: Chen Molly , Grégoire Daniel S. , Bain Jeffrey G. , Blowes David W. , Hug Laura A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe oxidation of sulfide-bearing mine tailings catalyzed by acidophilic iron and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria releases toxic metals and other contaminants into soil and groundwater as acid mine drainage. Understanding the environmental variables that control the community structure and metabolic activity of microbes indigenous to tailings (especially the abiotic stressors of low pH and high dissolved metal content) is crucial to developing sustainable bioremediation strategies. We determined the microbial community composition along two continuous vertical gradients of Cu/Ni mine tailings at each of two tailings impoundments near Sudbury, Ontario. 16S rRNA amplicon data showed high variability in community diversity and composition between locations, as well as at different depths within each location. A temporal comparison for one tailings location showed low fluctuation in microbial communities across 2 years. Differences in community composition correlated most strongly with pore-water pH, Eh, alkalinity, salinity, and the concentration of several dissolved metals (including iron, but not copper or nickel). The relative abundances of individual genera differed in their degrees of correlation with geochemical factors. Several abundant lineages present at these locations have not previously been associated with mine tailings environments, including novel species predicted to be involved in iron and sulfur cycling.IMPORTANCEMine tailings represent a significant threat to North American freshwater, with legacy tailings areas generating acid mine drainage (AMD) that contaminates rivers, lakes, and aquifers. Microbial activity accelerates AMD formation through oxidative metabolic processes but may also ameliorate acidic tailings by promoting secondary mineral precipitation and immobilizing dissolved metals. Tailings exhibit high geochemical variation within and between mine sites and may harbor many novel extremophiles adapted to high concentrations of toxic metals. Characterizing the unique microbiomes associated with tailing environments is key to identifying consortia that may be used as the foundation for innovative mine-waste bioremediation strategies. We provide an in-depth analysis of microbial diversity at four copper/nickel mine tailings impoundments, describe how communities (and individual lineages) differ based on geochemical gradients, predict organisms involved in AMD transformations, and identify taxonomically novel groups present that have not previously been observed in mine tailings.
Higher HIV-1 evolutionary rate is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations in infants
Authors: Nazziwa Jamirah , Andrews Sophie M. , Hou Mimi M. , Bruhn Christian A. W. , Garcia-Knight Miguel A. , Slyker Jennifer , Hill Sarah , Lohman Payne Barbara , Moringas Dorothy , Lemey Philippe , John-Stewart Grace , Rowland-Jones Sarah L. , Esbjörnsson Joakim 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Escape from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses toward HIV-1 Gag and Nef has been associated with reduced control of HIV-1 replication in adults. However, less is known about CTL-driven immune selection in infants as longitudinal studies of infants are limited. Here, 1,210
gag
and 1,264
nef
sequences longitudinally collected within 15 months after birth from 14 HIV-1 perinatally infected infants and their mothers were analyzed. The number of transmitted founder (T/F) viruses and associations between virus evolution, selection, CTL escape, and disease progression were determined. The analyses indicated that a paraphyletic-monophyletic relationship between the mother-infant sequences was common (80%), and that the HIV-1 infection was established by a single T/F virus in 10 of the 12 analyzed infants (83%). Furthermore, most HIV-1 CTL escape mutations among infants were transmitted from the mothers and did not revert during the first year of infection. Still, immune-driven selection was observed at approximately 3 months after HIV-1 infection in infants. Moreover, virus populations with CTL escape mutations in
gag
evolved faster than those without, independently of disease progression rate. These findings expand the current knowledge of HIV-1 transmission, evolution, and CTL escape in infant HIV-1 infection and are relevant for the development of immune-directed interventions in infants.

IMPORTANCE
Despite increased coverage in antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of perinatal transmission, paediatric HIV-1 infection remains a significant public health concern, especially in areas of high HIV-1 prevalence. Understanding HIV-1 transmission and the subsequent virus adaptation from the mother to the infant’s host environment, as well as the viral factors that affect disease outcome, is important for the development of early immune-directed interventions for infants. This study advances our understanding of vertical HIV-1 transmission, and how infant immune selection pressure is shaping the intra-host evolutionary dynamics of HIV-1.