bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice for All? A Cross‐Time Analysis of Toxics Release Inventory Facility Location
Authors: Campbell Heather E. , Peck Laura R. , Tschudi Michael K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper contributes to the environmental justice literature by addressing several outstanding issues in a single study. Using a cross‐time data set that allows us to control for the prevalent “chicken‐and‐egg” or “which‐came‐first” problem, we analyze the relative importance of poverty and race/ethnicity in an analysis that includes economic costs, potential legal costs, and potential collective action. Because the most appropriate functional form is not obvious, we use several methods, including Tobit, Poisson, and ordinary least squares, on different forms of the dependent variable. In every case, controlling for the population present at the time of disamenity location and controlling the other factors mentioned, we find evidence of disproportionate collocation based on race/ethnicity, but not on poverty alone. We also find that the potential for collective action decreases the likelihood of receipt of the studied disamenities.
Public Opinion, Risk Assessment, and Biotechnology: Lessons from Attitudes toward Genetically Modified Foods in the European Union
Authors: Legge Jr. Jerome S. , Durant Robert F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProponents of biotechnology argue that citizens' opposition to innovations such as genetically modified (GM) foods is rooted in emotionalism, media and nongovernmental organizations' distortions of good science, and scientific ignorance. Critics charge that this “risk management discursive” is too reductionist, exaggerates scientific capacity, inappropriately privileges scientific values over social and political values, and inaccurately captures how citizens evaluate biotechnology. This article uses ordered logit analysis applied to the responses of Europeans to a 2005 Eurobarometer survey to test the validity of these competing perspectives in the area of GM foods. Our analysis supports the arguments of those calling for the inclusion of broader discursive social, political, and cultural elements in deliberations over GM foods. Analysis also shows that citizens are less emotional in evaluating GM foods than proponents claim and supports this “new politics of knowledge” perspective, but citizens also cling more tightly to hopes that science can resolve debates with objective analysis.
Public Lands Policy and Economic Trends in Gateway Communities
Authors: Kurtz Rick S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrom the mid‐1960s through 1980, major policy changes were adopted as a result of federal and state public lands protection statutes. This article analyzes the impact these policy changes have had upon the economies of gateway communities, a subject of limited discussion in the scholarly literature. One conclusion is that gateway community economies have become less dependent on resources extraction. This analysis finds that several factors––beyond policy change––have influenced the shift away from resources extraction. Likewise, there is the question over what economic mainstays have stepped in to fill the resources extraction void? For many gateway communities, it appears that the answer has been recreational tourism. The implications of this economic shift within gateway communities are explored.
The effect of sertindole on QTD and TPTE
Authors: Nielsen J. , Andersen M. P. , Graff C. , Kanters J. K. , Hardahl T. , Dybbro J. , Struijk J. J. , Meyer J. M. , Toft E. 
Published: January 2010

Nielsen J, Andersen MP, Graff C, Kanters JK, Hardahl T, Dybbro J, Struijk JJ, Meyer JM, Toft E. The effect of sertindole on QTD and TPTE.Objective:  Recent research suggests that other surrogate markers than QTc, including QTc dispersion and Tpeak‐Tend, may better correlate with cardiac arrhythmia risk. While sertindole significantly prolongs the QTc interval, the effects on other markers of arrhythmia risk, such as QTc dispersion and Tpeak‐Tend are unknown.Method:  Digital 12‐lead ECG was recorded at baseline and at steady‐state in 37 patients switched to sertindole. ECG was analysed for Fridericia‐corrected QT duration (QTcF), QT dispersion and Tpeak‐Tend.Results:  From a baseline QTcF of 407 ± 22 ms, mean QTcF prolongation during sertindole treatment was 20 ± 23 ms, P < 0.01. No effect on QTc dispersion was found (−1 ± 11 ms; P = 0.41). No increased duration of the Tpeak‐Tend interval from baseline was found (+7 ± 21 ms; P = 0.05).Conclusion:  These findings might be related to the absence of confirmed Torsade de Pointes (TdP) cases related to sertindole exposure, despite sertindole’s QTc prolonging effects.
Linalool – a significant contact sensitizer after air exposure
Authors: Christensson Johanna Bråred , Matura Mihály , Gruvberger Birgitta , Bruze Magnus , Karlberg Ann‐Therese 
Published: January 2010

Background: Linalool is a widely used fragrance terpene. Pure linalool is not allergenic or a very weak allergen, but autoxidizes on air exposure and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized (ox.) linalool has previously been patch tested at a concentration of 2.0% in petrolatum (pet.) in 1511 patients, and 1.3% positive patch test reactions were observed. Objective: To investigate the optimal patch test concentration for detection of contact allergy to ox. linalool. Methods: Four concentrations of ox. linalool (2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 11.0% pet.) were tested in 3418 consecutive dermatitis patients. Results: Ox. linalool 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, and 11.0% pet. detected positive patch test reactions in 0.83%, 3.2%, 5.3%, and 7.2% of the tested patients, respectively. The doubtful reactions increased with rising concentrations but relatively less, giving 5.1%, 6.4%, and 7.3% doubtful reactions, respectively, for ox. linalool 4.0%, 6.0%, and 11.0% pet. Few irritative reactions were seen. Conclusions: Raising the patch test concentration for ox. linalool gave a better detection of contact allergy, as many as 5–7% positive patch test reactions were detected. We suggest a patch test concentration of ox. linalool 6.0% pet. for future patch testing, giving a dose per unit area of 2.4 mg/cm2 when 20 mg test substance is tested in small Finn Chambers®.
Effect of products derived from hydrolysis of wheat and flaxseed non starch polysaccharides by carbohydrase enzymes on net absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88) challenged piglet jejunal segments
Authors: KIARIE Elijah G. , SLOMINSKI Bogdan A. , NYACHOTI Charles M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection results in fluid and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. We investigated the effect of non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) hydrolysis products of wheat middlings (WM) and flaxseed (FS) on net absorption of fluid and solutes during ETEC challenge. Products were generated by incubating WM and FS with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes to produce 2 products: 80% ethanol‐soluble (ES) and 80% ethanol‐insoluble (EI) which were studied in 2 experiments in which 2 factors were investigated: products (EI vs. ES) and time of ETEC challenge (before vs. after perfusion). Pairs of small‐intestine segments, one non‐challenged and the other ETEC‐challenged were perfused with products for 7.5 h. ETEC reduced fluid absorption by more than 380 µL/cm2 in saline (control) perfused segments, whereas this reduction was significantly (P < 0.05) less for the WM and FS products. Interaction (P > 0.05) between product and time of challenge was not observed. For WM, products effects on ETEC‐challenged segments were such that perfusion of ES resulted in higher total solute (measured as osmolality) absorption than EI (138 vs. 103 µOsmol/cm2). In conclusion, hydrolysis products from WM and FS were beneficial in maintaining fluid balance during ETEC challenge, suggesting potential in controlling ETEC induced diarrhea in piglets.
An Educational Strategy for Teaching Standardized Nursing Languages
Authors: Farren Arlene T. 
Published: January 2010

PURPOSE.  The aim of this paper is to describe an educational strategy for teaching standardized nursing languages (SNL) used in both the classroom and clinical components of a psychiatric–mental health nursing course at the associate degree level.DATA SOURCES.  Data included a review of the relevant literature, teaching experiences, and faculty and student experiences.DATA SYNTHESIS.  Enhancing associate degree student nurses' competency regarding diagnosis and interventions is essential to influence positive health outcomes. Use of diagnostic, outcome, and intervention classifications for learning nursing care promotes critical thinking, individualization of nursing care, and students' fluency with SNL. One possible teaching strategy to assist students to learn and use SNL was implemented through the use of a faculty‐developed Student Nurse Documentation Packet.CONCLUSIONS.  The educational strategy provided students opportunities to enhance their experience with the SNL to plan and document care of individuals experiencing psychiatric–mental health problems.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING.  The educational strategy used in this program was judged to be successful. Research is needed to provide empirical evidence of the efficacy of this pedagogical strategy for increasing knowledge and enhancing students' competency.
Trust but verify? Voluntary regulation programs in the nonprofit sector
Authors: Prakash Aseem , Gugerty Mary Kay 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this article we examine how information problems can cause agency slippages and lead to governance failures in nonprofit organizations. Drawing on the principal–agent literature, we provide a theoretical account of an institutional mechanism, namely, voluntary regulation programs, to mitigate such slippages. These programs seek to impose obligations on their participants regarding internal governance and use of resources. By joining these programs, nonprofit organizations seek to differentiate themselves from nonparticipants and signal to their principals that they are deploying resources as per the organizational mandate. If principals are assured that agency slippages are lower in program participants, they might be more likely to provide the participants with resources to deliver goods and services to their target populations. However, regulatory programs for nonprofit organizations are of variable quality and, in some cases, could be designed to obscure rather than reveal information. We outline an analytical framework to differentiate the credible clubs from the “charity washes.” A focus on the institutional architecture of these programs can help to predict their efficacy in reducing agency problems.
High Blood Pressure in Children: Clinical and Health Policy Implications
Authors: Falkner Bonita , Lurbe Empar , Schaefer Franz 
Published: January 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).Hypertension is a global problem, affecting both developed and developing nations. In addition to being a major cause of morbidity and mortality, hypertension places a heavy burden on health care systems, families, and society as a whole. Despite evidence of an increasing prevalence of hypertension among youth, the consequences of early onset are poorly established and often overlooked. Childhood hypertension is often asymptomatic and easily missed, even by health professionals. Target organ damage is detectable in children and adolescents, however, and hypertension continues into adulthood. Additional strategies to improve cardiovascular health among children and adolescents are needed, including methods to achieve healthy lifestyles at home and in school, improved systems for diagnosis, and research on mechanisms and timing of interventions. The burden of hypertension in the young will continue to grow unless it is given the attention it deserves by policy makers, health care providers, schools, parents, and society. This report aims to increase awareness of the problem of hypertension in childhood. Recent reports on prevalence and target organ injury are discussed and health policy initiatives to improve blood pressure control are proposed.
Left Ventricular Geometric Abnormality Screening in Hypertensive Patients Using a Hand‐Carried Ultrasound Device
Authors: Perez‐Avraham Galit , Kobal Sergio L. , Etzion Ohad , Novack Victor , Wolak Talya , Liel‐Cohen Noah , Paran Esther 
Published: January 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:181–186. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors assessed the validity of a hand‐carried cardiac ultrasound device operated by an internal medicine resident for left ventricular geometric abnormalities (LVGAs) in mild hypertensive patients. LVGAs were diagnosed when at least one of the following was present: left ventricular mass index exceeding 125 g/m2 and 110 g/m2 for men and women, respectively; intraventricular septum thickness ≥10 mm; posterior wall thickness ≥10 mm; and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ≥5.3 mm. For validation, a cardiologist performed standard echocardiography in all patients. A total of 85 patients completed both echocardiographic studies. LVGAs were diagnosed in 19 (22.4%) cases, 18 of which were confirmed by standard echocardiography. Standard echocardiography did not detect any case of LVGA among the hand‐carried cardiac ultrasonography LVGA‐negative patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the resident’s examination were 100% and 98.78%, respectively. Agreement between the two studies was 99% (κ 0.97, 95% confidence interval). Hand‐carried cardiac ultrasonography may be used as a screening tool for LVGA in hypertensive patients.
Hypertension as an Underlying Factor in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Volpe Massimo , McKelvie Robert , Drexler Helmut 
Published: January 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).The unique pathophysiology of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HF‐PEF) and the involvement of hypertension in its development are only poorly understood. The upregulation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) has been identified as a key pathologic pathway contributing to fibrosis, cardiomyocyte abnormalities, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, all of which have been implicated in the progression of hypertension to HF‐PEF. In addition, pharmacologic inhibition of the RAAS has been shown in animal models of diastolic dysfunction and in clinical trials to reduce these deleterious processes and to improve diastolic function. Despite these data, clinical trials performed with RAAS inhibitors in patients with HF‐PEF have failed to demonstrate morbidity and mortality benefits. To date, there is no proven effective therapy specifically for HF‐PEF. The deleterious effects of hypertension on mechanisms underlying the development of HF‐PEF underscore the importance of effective and early control of hypertension for the prevention of HF‐PEF.
Variability—The Drama of the Circulation
Authors: Rubin Mario F. , Brunelli Stephen M. , Townsend Raymond R. 
Published: January 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).The two most common vital signs, ie, pulse and blood pressure (BP), are obtained to seek guidance in clinical management of patients in virtually all primary care practices. Even a cursory glance at their values, whether it is within a person over time or between patients on a particular day, reflects an amazing degree of variability. In this brief editorial we provide a focused review of the assessment and the importance of variability in within‐patient heart rate and BP and conclude with a few thoughts about the discordance in significance attached to these ubiquitous clinical measures.
Linear Versus Branching Depictions of Evolutionary History: Implications for Diagram Design
Authors: Novick Laura R. , Shade Courtney K. , Catley Kefyn M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article reports the results of an experiment involving 108 college students with varying backgrounds in biology. Subjects answered questions about the evolutionary history of sets of hominid and equine taxa. Each set of taxa was presented in one of three diagrammatic formats: a noncladogenic diagram found in a contemporary biology textbook or a cladogram in either the ladder or tree format. As predicted, the textbook diagrams, which contained linear components, were more likely than the cladogram formats to yield explanations of speciation as an anagenic process, a common misconception among students. In contrast, the branching cladogram formats yielded more appropriate explanations concerning levels of ancestry than did the textbook diagrams. Although students with stronger backgrounds in biology did better than those with weaker biology backgrounds, they generally showed the same effects of diagrammatic format. Implications of these results for evolution education and for diagram design more generally are discussed.
Designing a Retail Store Environment for the Mature Market: A European Perspective
Authors: Ann Petermans , Koenraad Van Cleempoel 
Published: January 2010

This article discusses elderly consumers’ physical and social needs and wants in the marketplace, and presents case studies of two European food retail stores, which were designed to meet these concerns. The authors review information on the elderly consumers’ segment and discuss literature on retail design and retail branding, and question how designers should be more aware of multiple modes of interpreting brands, given generational differences and the existence of various types of retail settings. Given that the physical and social aspects are considered key to improving the shopping experiences of elderly consumers, the authors also review literature that focuses on the importance of creating efficient, user–friendly, and aesthetically pleasing shopping environments, which pay particular attention to intangible social aspects. Older consumers’ consumption satisfaction does not come merely from consuming for gathering tangible possessions, but from consuming while seeking intangible experiences, such as feeling welcome in a retail store ( Kim et al., 2005 ; Sherman, Schiffman, & Mathur, 2001 ). The authors contend that retail stores, properly designed to meet the needs and wants of the mature market, can strongly enhance this consumer segment's shopping experiences. The article concludes with the presentation of two case studies of “senior supermarkets” in Europe. By investigating how these stores pay attention to physical and social aspects, which older consumers value as important, the authors analyze to what extent both stores are truly retail environments, adapted to the needs and wants of the mature market.
CALCULATION OF THE MOLAR VOLUME IN THE SOLID AND LIQUID PHASES OF CCl4
Authors: YURTSEVEN H. , KAVRUK D. 
Published: January 2010

The molar volume of carbon tetrachloride is calculated as functions of temperature and pressure close to the melting point. By analyzing the experimental data for the pressure dependence of the thermal expansivity according to a power-law formula, the molar volume is calculated for the solid and liquid phases of this molecular organic compound. Our calculations show that the molar volume of the solid phase increases almost linearly as the temperature and pressure increase, so that there is no anomalous behavior close to the melting point in CCl 4. In the liquid phase, it does not vary considerably within the given pressure and temperature ranges. Our calculated molar volumes can be compared with measurements for CCl 4 under the given pressure and temperature variations.
GENERAL DIFFUSE-INTERFACE THEORIES AND AN APPROACH TO PREDICTIVE TUMOR GROWTH MODELING
Authors: ODEN J. TINSLEY , HAWKINS ANDREA , PRUDHOMME SERGE 
Published: January 2010

While a large and growing literature exists on mathematical and computational models of tumor growth, to date tumor growth models are largely qualitative in nature, and fall far short of being able to provide predictive results important in life-and-death decisions. This is largely due to the enormous complexity of evolving biological and chemical processes in living tissue and the complex interactions of many cellular and vascular constituents in living organisms. Several new technologies have emerged, however, which could lead to significant progress in this important area: (i) the development of so-called phase-field, or diffuse-interface models, which can be developed using continuum mixture theory, and which provide a general framework for modeling the action of multiple interacting constituents. These are based on generalizations of the Cahn–Hilliard models for spinodal decomposition, and have been used recently in certain tumor growth theories; (ii) the emergence of predictive computational methods based on the use of statistical methods for calibration, model validation, and uncertainty quantification; (iii) advances in imaging, experimental cell biology, and other medical observational methodologies; and (iv) the advent of petascale computing that makes possible the resolution of features at scales and at speeds that were unattainable only a short time in the past. Here we develop a general phenomenological thermomechanical theory of mixtures that employs phase-field or diffuse interface models of surface energies and reactions and which provides a framework for generalizing existing theories of the types that are in use in tumor growth modeling. In principle, the framework provides for the effects of M solid constituents, which may undergo large deformations, and for the effect of N - M fluid constituents, which could include highly nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluids. We then describe several special cases which have the potential of providing acceptable models of tumor growth. We then describe the beginning steps of the development of Bayesian methods for statistical calibration, model validation, and uncertainty quantification, which, with further work, could produce a truly predictive tool for studying tumor growth. In particular, we outline the processes of statistical calibration and validation that can be employed to determine if tumor growth models, drawn from the broad class of models developed here, are valid for prediction of key quantities of interest critical to making decisions on various medical protocols. We also describe how uncertainties in such key quantities of interest can be quantified in ways that can be used to establish confidence in predicted outcomes.
THE RIEMANN PROBLEM FOR MULTIPHASE FLOWS IN POROUS MEDIA WITH MASS TRANSFER BETWEEN PHASES
Authors: LAMBERT WANDERSON , MARCHESIN DAN 
Published: January 2010

We are interested in solving systems of conservation laws modeling multiphase fluid flows under the approximation of local thermodynamical equilibrium except at very localized places. This equilibrium occurs for states on sheets of a stratified variety called the "thermodynamical equilibrium variety," obtained from thermodynamical laws. Strong deviation from equilibrium occurs in shocks connecting adjacent sheets of this variety. We assume that fluids may expand and we model the physical problem by a system of equations where a velocity variable appears only in the flux terms, giving rise to a wave with "infinite" characteristic speed. We develop a general theory for fundamental solutions for this class of equations. We study all bifurcation loci, such as coincidence and inflection loci and develop a systematic approach to solve problems described by similar equations. For concreteness, we exhibit the bifurcation theory for a representative system with three equations. We find the complete solution of the Riemann problem for two-phase thermal flow in porous media with two chemical species; to simplify the physics, the liquid phase consists of a single chemical species. We give an example of steam and nitrogen injection into a porous medium, with applications to geothermal energy recovery.