bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Gates J. W. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn individual view is provided of the function of the art and science of photogrammetry, over the whole of the history of attempts to make measurements from optical observations. The predominating influence, in past years, of the need for mapping from air photographs is compared with the prospect that increasing demands for similar facilities in close range measurement, for application in fields such as mechanical engineering, medicine and architecture, may soon be seen to give further encouragement to the development of the subject. The author makes use of illustrations from his experience to point out simple cases where the potential of photogrammetric techniques, in the wider sense, has not been appreciated.
ON LINE DATA PROCESSING FOR THE PI‐1A MONOCOMPARATOR USING THE BBC MICROCOMPUTER
Authors: Mayes M. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of small computers for on line data processing in photogrammetry has developed from the desktop calculators of the early 1970s to the microcomputers of today. The restrictions of machine code programming, small memory and limited display have been overcome. Software has been written for the PI‐1A monocomparator using the BBC microcomputer for a calibration test, relative orientation, and strip formation and adjustment in the on line mode. This low cost system is suitable for training inexperienced operators or students in analytical photogrammetry, with the sequence of observation guided by operator prompts and with error checking computations displayed. Re‐observations can be made on line and acceptable observations stored for input to the strip adjustment program or subsequent block adjustment.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ENGINEERING
Authors: Welsh N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe National Engineering Laboratory (NEL) has considerable experience in using photogrammetry to solve diffcult engineering measurement problems. Applications of close range photogrammetry sometimes have to be carried out using cameras which are not specifically designed for such applications. The calibration techniques used to determine the camera parameters in these cases are discussed and satisfactory solutions demonstrated. Seven examples of the value of photogrammetry in engineering are cited to show that photogrammetry is a valuable non‐contacting measurement tool, particularly when dynamic events have to be quantified.
EDUCATION IN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Burnside C. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the author discusses some of his experiences of the past 20 years as a lecturer in photogrammetry and surveying. Comment is made upon the relationship between training and education but with some greater emphasis on the educational topic, and on the role of the lecturer. The final section discusses those elements of a course in photogrammetry which have a strong educational content.
ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO NEPALESE SLOPE MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Chandler J. H. , Clark J. S. , Cooper M. A. R. , Stirling D. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSite procedures and methods of analytical close range photogrammetry are described. The derived data are discussed in relation to the geomorphology of unstable hill slopes in Nepal. Acquisition of low cost multispectral aerial photography for a study of overall slope erosion is also described.
PARALLAX BAR HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS FROM LARGE FORMAT CAMERA PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Lo C. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe accuracy of heighting from Large Format Camera (LFC) stereo‐photographs of the New England area was evaluated using a conventional mirror stereoscope equipped with × 6 binocular eyepieces and a precision parallax bar. It was discovered that a large differential ω had to be removed before acceptable height results could be obtained. Enlarged portions of the LFC photographs covering city areas of Boston, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island could be used to produce accurate height results. It was concluded that analogue mapping from LFC photography using simple instruments could be economically carried out at a scale of 1:100000 or smaller, with a contour interval of 100 m to 120 m.
CENSUS OF GREY SEALS BY AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Hiby A. R. , Thompson D. , Ward A. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe factors determining resolution in aerial photography of wildlife concentrations are considered and two developments that improve resolution with inexpensive equipment are described. Firstly, a rocking camera mount has been constructed that compensates for apparent image motion resulting from forward movement of the aircraft. The mount allows slower shutter speeds to be used so that aerial surveys can be conducted using high resolution colour film under poor light conditions. Secondly, critical prefocusing to the survey flying height is carried out, even for lenses of short focal length. Aerial photography of grey seal breeding colonies is used to illustrate these developments.
AERIAL TRIANGULATION FOR CONTROL PROVISION
Authors: Proctor D. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe author has been involved in aerial triangulation, in various capacities, for some 27 years. This period has seen some very significant changes worthy of remark. This essay is a general review of that period; it does not go into detail and no formulae are quoted. The idea has been to look at the more notable developments, skipping the earlier and well documented period in favour of more recent times, particularly as regards the references. The objective will have been achieved if it provides a starting point, indicating further reading, for those who wish to study the subject in greater depth.
INTEGRATED DIGITAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Brand M. J. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper reviews technological developments since the Second World War and their impact as catalysts in developing the concept of digital information systems. The case for, and progress towards, the establishment of a Geographic Information System for Northern Ireland is discussed together with consideration of the possible implications elsewhere based on the experience gained in Northern Ireland.“There is a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.”Brutus in Julius Caesar, Act IV Scene iii (William Shakespeare)
TERRAIN AND SURFACE MODELLING SYSTEMS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: McCullagh M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a critical investigation of those parts of digital mapping that relate to the specific area of terrain modelling systems. In addition, image processing and database systems are considered where they impinge on model creation or later analysis. The theoretical basis for surface mapping systems is described and an attempt is made to determine how best such systems can cover many of the practical requirements of commercial, industrial, and institutional surveyors and researchers. Some proprietary computer terrain modelling systems are mentioned where they have particular features that relate to the theme of the paper. However, most of the examples are derived from Panacea, the terrain modelling software written by the author, although in many cases any major modelling system could have been used.
BUNDLE TRIANGULATION IN ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: THE BASILICA OF SAN FRANCESCO IN SIENA
Authors: Kotowski R. , Peipe J. , Wester‐Ebbinghaus W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBundle triangulation is an efficient tool for spatial point determination in architectural photogrammetry. All the information available in image and object space may be introduced in a combined adjustment yielding high precision and reliability. Camera calibration performed simultaneously with the object restitution process enables the application of convenient and flexible imaging systems based on professional photographic technology. Thus the survey of monuments can be carried out rapidly with a minimum of personnel and equipment. The photogrammetric recording of the basilica of San Francesco in Siena is presented as an example of the application of this survey procedure. The field work was accomplished in a few days. The equipment used consisted of a partial metric camera, an engineering theodolite and a tape. The bundle adjustment results gave spatial object co‐ordinates with a r.m.s.e. of ± 15 mm for a point.
AN APPLICATION OF CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN SHIPBUILDING
Authors: Cochrane J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA test was devised to measure the distortion of a ship section during and after a crane lift. As the shipbuilders expend significant man hours and costs in carrying out adjustments to fit ship sections together after lifting, it was hoped that information gained from the test could be used to make design adjustments to ensure a better fit. The test was carried out by BKS Surveys Ltd. and Harland and Wolff Ltd., the Belfast shipbuilders.
THE EXTRACTION OF POSITIONAL DATA FROM HISTORICAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO GEOMORPHOLOGY
Authors: Chandler J. H. , Cooper M. A. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA technique which enables spatial data to be obtained from historical photography is outlined. The method is applied to a 40 year sequence of oblique aerial photography of the Black Ven landslide in Dorset, England. Some of the possible data processing options are discussed and illustrated by some preliminary results produced from the Dorset landslide.
STATISTICAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND SURVEYING (CONTINUED)
Authors: Cooper M. A. R. , Cross P. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInner constraints, generalised matrix inverses and S‐transformations are described in relation to least squares estimation of spatial positions. A simple example is used to illustrate some of the theory. The various roles and properties of covariance functions and matrices are presented with a discussion of their practical determination and use in least squares interpolation and collocation.
PASS PROCESSING AND EXTRAPOLATION OF SPOT IMAGE GEOMETRY
Authors: Westin T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA mathematical model for pass processing of SPOT imagery is formulated. It is based on the fact that during one pass, the image data stream from each of the instruments in SPOT forms one single very long image. The geometry of this extended image can thus be rectified with as few control points as for only one scene if orbital constraints and attitude measurements are properly taken into consideration. SPOT imagery is, however, not available as this single long image, but only sectioned into scenes. This creates problems which are accounted for in the solution. The possibility of gaps in the sequence of scenes is also taken into consideration. Extrapolation over gaps is of special interest and, by investigating attitude variability, it is shown that extrapolation is successful over multiple scene gaps which is also verified in a real data test.
Registration of terrestrial laser scanner data using imagery
Authors: Al‐Manasir Khalil , Fraser Clive S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAt the present time there is a considerable amount of development interest in the use of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data for 3D reconstruction and modelling in the fields of heritage recording and plant documentation. TLS technology produces point clouds of very high density in a very short time. When surveying an object of complex geometry, multiple scans are typically required to generate an occlusion‐free 3D model. The principal task associated with building 3D models from laser scanner data in such cases is to transform the scan data from the sensor's local coordinate system into a uniform Cartesian reference datum. This is necessary in order to join the multiple point clouds. This paper presents a registration procedure for TLS data whereby the exterior orientations of the TLS stations are determined via photogrammetry. The images from a digital camera mounted on top of the laser scanner are used first to relatively orient the network of images and then transfer this orientation to the TLS stations to provide exterior orientation and thus a one‐step registration of the point clouds from each scanner position. Test results obtained with the proposed approach are presented to highlight its efficiency and accuracy.
Direct retrieval of exterior orientation parameters using a 2D projective transformation
Authors: Seedahmed Gamal H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDirect solutions are very attractive because they obviate the need for initial approximations associated with non‐linear solutions. The direct linear transformation (DLT) establishes itself as a method of choice for direct solutions in photogrammetry and other fields. The use of the DLT with coplanar object space points leads to a rank deficient model. This rank deficient model leaves the DLT defined up to a 2D projective transformation, which makes the direct retrieval of the exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) a non‐trivial task. This paper presents a novel direct algorithm to retrieve the EOPs from the 2D projective transformation. It is based on a direct relationship between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model using homogenous coordinates. This representation offers a direct matrix correspondence between the 2D projective transformation parameters and the collinearity model parameters. This correspondence lends itself to a direct matrix factorisation to retrieve the EOPs. An important step in the proposed algorithm is a normalisation process that provides the actual link between the 2D projective transformation and the collinearity model. This paper explains the theoretical basis of the proposed algorithm as well as the necessary steps for its practical implementation. In addition, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its validity.
Image‐based 3D Modelling: A Review
Authors: Remondino Fabio , El‐Hakim Sabry 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper the main problems and the available solutions are addressed for the generation of 3D models from terrestrial images. Close range photogrammetry has dealt for many years with manual or automatic image measurements for precise 3D modelling. Nowadays 3D scanners are also becoming a standard source for input data in many application areas, but image‐based modelling still remains the most complete, economical, portable, flexible and widely used approach. In this paper the full pipeline is presented for 3D modelling from terrestrial image data, considering the different approaches and analysing all the steps involved.
A geometric model for linear‐array‐based terrestrial panoramic cameras
Authors: Schneider Danilo , Maas Hans‐Gerd 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDigital panoramic cameras represent a powerful tool for generating high resolution images of scenes. They generate images of up to 100 000 × 10 000 pixels and are especially suited for 360° recording of objects such as indoor scenes or city squares. The paper describes the development of a strict geometric model for rotating linear array panoramic cameras and the extension of the model by additional parameters adapting the camera model to the physical reality. The camera model has been implemented in a spatial resection and a bundle solution. The bundle solution also allows for the combined handling of panoramic and central perspective images. In several practical tests a potential accuracy of around ¼ pixel was demonstrated.
Visibility prediction based on artificial neural networks used in automatic network design
Authors: Saadatseresht Mohammad , Varshosaz Masood 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAutomatic design of photogrammetric networks is a complex task for which the visibility and quality constraints need to be both modelled and satisfied simultaneously. The task becomes even more complex when measurements are carried out for the first time on a large and/or complex object surrounded by multiple obstructions in a confined workspace. In this situation, automatic visibility prediction of a target point becomes an extremely difficult task. The visibility information inherent within the initial photogrammetric network can be used to solve this problem. However, this introduces some uncertainty into the prediction result because of the incompleteness of the visibility information. In a previous study, the authors developed an analytical deterministic method, visibility uncertainty prediction (VUP), that used ‘‘visibility spheres’’ to predict the visibility of target points. This paper investigates the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in visibility prediction, and presents a new technique, ANN‐based visibility uncertainty prediction (AVUP), that works by training a feed‐forward multi‐layer ANN. The visibility data for this network is extracted from the initial photogrammetric network. Once trained, the network can be used to predict the visibility of any target point from a potential camera station. Various experiments were carried out to evaluate the proposed technique. The results showed that, compared to the previous deterministic method, it is more accurate and has a lower computational cost.
The Preventive Effect of Oral EGCG in a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Mouse Model
Authors: Long Ling , Li Yi , Wang Yi Dong , He Qing Yu , Li Mei , Cai Xiao Dong , Peng Kou , Li Xiang Pen , Xie Dan , Wen Yan Ling , Yin De Ling , Peng Ying 
Published: July 2010

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a challenging public health problem. Previous studies have found an association between FASD and oxidative stress. In the present study, we assessed the role of oxidative stress in ethanol‐induced embryonic damage and the effect of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a powerful antioxidant extracted from green tea, on the development of FASD in a murine model.Methods: Pregnant female mice were given intraperitoneal ethanol (25%, 0.005 to 0.02 ml/g) on gestational day 8 (G8) to establish the FASD model. On G10.25, mice were sacrificed and embryos were collected and photographed to determine head length (HL), head width (HW), and crown rump length (CRL). For mice given EGCG, administration was through a feeding tube on G7 and G8 (dose: 200, 300, or 400 mg/kg/d, the total amount for a day was divided into 2 equal portions). G10.25 embryos were evaluated morphologically. Brain tissues of G9.25 embryos were used for RT‐PCR and western blotting of neural marker genes and proteins and detection of oxidative stress indicators.Results: Administration of ethanol to pregnant mice on G8 led to the retardation of embryonic growth and down‐regulation of neural marker genes. In addition, administration of ethanol (0.02 ml/g) led to the elevation of oxidative stress indicators [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA)]. Administration of EGCG on G7 and G8 along with ethanol on G8 ameliorated the ethanol‐induced growth retardation. Mice given EGCG (400 mg/kg/d) along with ethanol had embryo sizes and neural marker genes expression similar to the normal controls. Furthermore, EGCG (400 mg/kg on G7 and G8) inhibited the increase in H2O2and MDA.Conclusions: In a murine model, oxidative stress appears to play an important role in ethanol‐induced embryonic growth retardation. EGCG can prevent some of the embryonic injuries caused by ethanol.
Modulation of serum gastric parietal cell antibody level by levamisole and vitamin B12 in oral lichen planus
Authors: Lin H‐P , Wang Y‐P , Chia J‐S , Chiang C‐P , Sun A 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 95–101Objectives:  The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of three different treatment modalities on the reduction of serum anti‐gastric parietal cell autoantibody (GPCA) level in GPCA‐positive oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.Materials and methods:  Of 147 GPCA‐positive OLP patients, 100 were treated with levamisole plus vitamin B12, 10 with vitamin B12 only and 37 with levamisole only. The serum GPCA levels in 147 OLP patients were measured at baseline and after treatment.Results:  Treatment with levamisole plus vitamin B12 for a period of 2–50 months and treatment with vitamin B12 only for a period of 4–44 months could effectively reduce the high serum GPCA level to undetectable level in 100 and 10 OLP patients, respectively. However, treatment with levamisole only for a period of 2–50 months could not modulate the high mean serum GPCA titer to a significantly lower level in 37 OLP patients. A 92% GPCA recurrence rate was found in 25 OLP patients receiving no further vitamin B12 treatment during the GPCA‐negative remission period.Conclusion:  For GPCA‐positive OLP patients, treatment modality containing vitamin B12 can effectively reduce the high serum GPCA level to undetectable level. OLP patients with underlying autoimmune atrophic gastritis trait should receive a maintenance vitamin B12 treatment for life.
Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in an urban population from South Brazil
Authors: Carrard VC , Haas AN , Rados PV , Filho MS , Oppermann RV , Albandar JM , Susin C 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases(2011)17, 171–179Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) and to perform a multivariable risk assessment of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and oral risk indicators for its occurrence in an urban population in South Brazil.Methods: This cross‐sectional study selected 1586 subjects (719M/867F, age: 14–104 years) using a multistage probability sampling strategy (65.1% response rate). Prevalence, odds ratios (OR), and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated accounting for the survey design.Results: Leukoplakia and lichen planus were observed in 1.01% and 1.02% of subjects, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, these lesions were significantly associated with moderate/heavy smoking (OR = 9.0, 95% CI = 2.1–39.1) and heavy drinking (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1–3.7). Candidiasis and proliferative lesions were observed in 14.09% and 3.80% of the subjects, respectively. These lesions were significantly associated with female gender (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.2 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), older age (OR = 22, 95% CI = 8.0–60.8 and OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 3.4–23.7), and low socioeconomic status (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.5 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2–7.2).Conclusions: This population is in need of OML prevention and treatment. Future studies should validate the findings that premalignant lesions are causally related to smoking and alcohol consumption, and that other OML are associated with socioeconomic‐demographic disparities in this and similar populations.