bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of renal cell carcinoma in children: A single center experience
Authors: Baek Minki , Jung Jae Yong , Kim Jung Jun , Park Kwan Hyun , Ryu Dong Soo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11 Korean children (7 boys and 4 girls) undergoing radical nephrectomy for RCC between September 1997 and January 2008 at our institution. Mean age at diagnosis was 12.7 years. The presenting clinical signs and symptoms included gross hematuria (55%), abdominal mass (45%) and abdominal pain (45%). Two (18%) of the cases were discovered incidentally. Five (45%) were conventional clear cell, four (36%) were papillary, one was a chromophobe and one was a translocation carcinoma. Seven children were T1N0M0, three were T2N0M0 and one child was T1N1M0. While one patient with T2 disease died of disease 89 months postoperatively, the remaining 10 patients, including a patient with regional nodal disease who received adjuvant immunochemotherapy, survived without evidence of recurrence at a mean follow‐up of 6.8 years. Our data suggest that the clinical presentation, pathological characteristics and clinical behavior of pediatric RCC are different from those of adult RCC.
Temporal and spatial variability of rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea populations: is there a role of the alternate host plant Plantago major?
Authors: Brown Amanda , Myers Judith H. 
Published: June 2010

The rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a pest of economic importance to the apple industry worldwide, particularly in organic apple orchards where no acceptable controls are available. In the Similkameen Valley of British Columbia, Canada, the rosy apple aphid population size varies widely between orchards and between years. To explain this variation, potential environmental correlates of aphid density were evaluated. The architecture of the alternate host was also evaluated for its effect on rosy apple aphid summer survival and reproduction.
The percentage of trees infested by rosy apple aphids among orchards was in the range 8–94% for trees having at least one cluster with more than ten aphids in 2007 and in the range 0–39% in 2008.
A general linear model correlating aphid densities to the environmental variables of abundance of the alternate host (plantain Plantago spp.), foliar nitrogen, tree age and planting density, and reduced by stepwise regression, indicated that foliar nitrogen and tree age explained 33% of the variation. Abundance of the summer, alternate food plant, plantain, was not related to later aphid densities on apple trees.
Plantain architecture, however, influenced aphid numbers and 25‐fold more aphids were found on low‐lying plantain leaves than on more upright leaves. Experimental manipulation of leaf angle and leaf size showed that significantly more aphids occurred on low angle, large leaves. Finally, mowing that encouraged low lying plants prior to spring aphid migration was associated with a four‐fold greater number of both winged and wingless aphids on the plantain.
Structural Change, the Social Policy Environment and Female Employment in Turkey
Authors: Buğra Ayşe , Yakut‐Cakar Burcu 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTSince the 1970s, a series of demand and supply related changes have led to significant labour market transformations which have brought about a sustained increase in female employment throughout the world. While similar transformations have also been underway in Turkey, the country appears to be one of the rare exceptions to worldwide trends. During the last two decades both female labour force participation and female employment rates have declined at national level. In this article, two sets of questions are posed to explore the factors likely to influence female labour force participation. One set of questions pertains to the society‐specific dynamics of structural change in employment patterns in Turkey, with particular reference to the level and composition of employment in the service sector. A second set of questions is posed to examine labour market relations and the social policy environment in Turkey, and their impact on the demand for and supply of female labour. Current changes in the prevailing policy environment are considered to highlight a certain contradiction in the attitudes of decision makers who seem to be faced with a trade‐off between continuing adherence to conservative patriarchal values and the objectives of increasing labour force participation and combating poverty.
Post‐Conflict Ambon: Forced Migration and the Ethno‐Territorial Effects of Customary Tenure
Authors: Adam Jeroen 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTIn post‐conflict contexts characterized by large‐scale migration and increasing levels of legal pluralism, customary land tenure risks being deployed as a tool of ethno‐territorialization in which displaced communities are denied return and secure land rights. This thesis will be illustrated through a case study of the Indonesian island of Ambon where a recognition of customary tenure — also called adat — was initiated in 2005 at the end of a high‐intensity conflict between Christians and Muslims. Although a system of land tenure providing multiple forms of social security for the indigenous in‐group, adat in Ambon also constitutes an arena of power in which populations considered as non‐indigenous to a fixed historical territory are pushed into an inferior legal position. The legal registration of customary tenure therefore tends to be deployed to settle long‐standing land contests with a growing migrant community, hereby legally enforcing some of the forced expulsions that were brought about by the recent communal violence.
Child Labour in African Artisanal Mining Communities: Experiences from Northern Ghana
Authors: Hilson Gavin 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe issue of child labour in the artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) economy is attracting significant attention worldwide. This article critically examines this ‘problem’ in the context of sub‐Saharan Africa, where a lack of formal sector employment opportunities and/or the need to provide financial support to their impoverished families has led tens of thousands of children to take up work in this industry. The article begins by engaging with the main debates on child labour in an attempt to explain why young boys and girls elect to pursue arduous work in ASM camps across the region. The remainder of the article uses the Ghana experience to further articulate the challenges associated with eradicating child labour at ASM camps, drawing upon recent fieldwork undertaken in Talensi‐Nabdam District, Upper East Region. Overall, the issue of child labour in African ASM communities has been diagnosed far too superficially, and until donor agencies and host governments fully come to grips with the underlying causes of the poverty responsible for its existence, it will continue to burgeon.
The Measurement of Socio‐economic Gender Inequality Revisited
Authors: Beneria Lourdes , Permanyer Iñaki 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe measurement of socio‐economic gender inequality has not received much attention from the development literature despite its great relevance and important policy implications. In this article we present two new indices to measure gender inequalities that overcome some of the limitations inherent in the UNDP gender‐related indices and other indices presented in the literature. The proposed new indices are conducive to exploring the extent to which gender gaps favour women and/or men, and to showing the contribution of the different subcomponents to the overall levels of gender inequality. Using UNDP data, our calculations suggest that the levels of gender inequality are mostly explained by differences in the earned‐income subcomponent and that the average difference between women's and men's achievement levels has been reduced by 12 per cent during the period 1995–2005.
Alopecia areata as another immune‐mediated disease developed in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor‐α blocker agents
Authors: Ferran M , Calvet J , Almirall M , Pujol RM , Maymó J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  Tumour necrosis factor antagonists (anti‐TNF‐α) have demonstrated the efficacy in different chronic immune inflammatory disorders. Within the spectrum of adverse events, autoimmune diseases have been observed, including cases of alopecia areata (AA).Objectives  The objective of the study is to characterize AA developed during anti‐TNF‐α therapy.Methods  We present five new cases and review all the cases reported in the literature (eleven).Results  One third of the cases had a positive (personal or family) history of AA. Most of them presented with rapid extensive AA, usually involving the ophiasis area. Prognosis was usually poor, with slight response to treatments. In the cases where anti‐TNF‐α therapy was maintained, the course did not seem to change.Conclusions  Although rare, AA developed during anti‐TNF‐α therapy might be more frequent than suggested by reports of isolated cases. Personal and family history of autoimmune disease might alert clinicians to their possible development or relapse once the anti‐TNF‐α therapy is started.
Impact of the small Indian mongoose on native amphibians and reptiles of the Adriatic islands, Croatia
Authors: Barun A. , Simberloff D. , Budinski I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe studied impacts of the introduced small Indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus on the herpetofauna on six islands in the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, comparing abundances of reptiles and amphibians on three islands with the mongoose to those on three islands without the mongoose. We used four types of sampling surveys: distance‐constrained surveys, visual encounter surveys, special searches and accidental trapping. The horned viper Vipera ammodytes and Balkan green lizard Lacerta trilineata were absent from two mongoose‐infested islands (Korčula and Mljet) and rare on the third (Hvar); they were common only on the mongoose‐free island where they had historically been present (Brač). The European green toad was absent from one mongoose‐infested island, where it had historically been present and rare on the other two. It was common on two of the three mongoose‐free islands. Other herpetofaunal species were either very scarce or completely absent on the three mongoose‐infested islands. Most of these species also occur on the mainland but are already scarce there; some are strictly protected under Appendix II of the Berne Convention. The recent spread of the mongoose to the European mainland suggests the need for urgent control to protect vulnerable herpetofauna.
What does seed handling by the drill tell us about the ecological services of terrestrial cercopithecines in African forests?
Authors: Astaras C. , Waltert M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe contribution of primates to the seed rain in tropical forests has been long recognized, and there is evidence that these services are not compensated for by other frugivores in the event of primate extirpations. Given the vulnerability of large rainforest frugivores to hunting and the crisis dimensions that commercial hunting is taking in much of tropical Africa, studies on the seed handling of terrestrial cercopithecine primates are especially timely and needed in order to understand their role in maintaining plant community dynamics. Unlike arboreal species, terrestrial primates handle seeds at the post‐dispersal stage of fruits and their populations are among the first to decline due to hunting pressure. We analyzed, for the first time, the year‐round seed handling of the drill Mandrillus leucophaeus, an endangered terrestrial primate, by examining feeding remains and feces collected over 3284 km of patrols in Korup National Park, Cameroon. Drills defecated intact 110 seeds of diverse plant, fruit and seed traits primarily during periods of fruit abundance, and increased their seed predation during the pronounced fruit‐scarce dry season. Considering the drill's diverse fruit diet, ground foraging, long day ranges and seed handling, we suggest that forest‐dwelling terrestrial cercopithecines differ in their impact on seed deposition patterns compared with sympatric arboreal primates. Our findings emphasize the need to better assess the impact of terrestrial cercopithecines on plant community dynamics in Africa, warn of potential ecological process disruptions in the event of their extirpation and make a case for rethinking primate conservation priorities so that they do not only reflect a species' dire population status but also the impact its loss would entail for the ecosystem.
Estimating the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a clinical prediction model based on patient characteristics and medical history
Authors: van Leeuwen M , Opmeer BC , Zweers EJK , van Ballegooie E , ter Brugge HG , de Valk HW , Visser GHA , Mol BWJ 
Published: June 2010

Objective  To develop a clinical prediction rule that can help the clinician to identify women at high and low risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) early in pregnancy in order to improve the efficiency of GDM screening.Design  We used data from a prospective cohort study to develop the clinical prediction rule.Setting  The original cohort study was conducted in a university hospital in the Netherlands.Population  Nine hundred and ninety‐five consecutive pregnant women underwent screening for GDM.Methods  Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we constructed a model to estimate the probability of development of GDM from the medical history and patient characteristics. Receiver operating characteristics analysis and calibration were used to assess the accuracy of the model.Main outcome measure  The development of a clinical prediction rule for GDM. We also evaluated the potential of the prediction rule to improve the efficiency of GDM screening.Results  The probability of the development of GDM could be predicted from the ethnicity, family history, history of GDM and body mass index. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.77 (95% CI 0.69–0.85) and calibration was good (Hosmer and Lemeshow test statistic, P = 0.25). If an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all women with a predicted probability of 2% or more, 43% of all women would be tested and 75% of the women with GDM would be identified.Conclusions  The use of a clinical prediction model is an accurate method to identify women at increased risk for GDM, and could be used to select women for additional testing for GDM.
Developing and testing of search filters for the new European Union Member States’ research
Authors: Radut Dan Silviu , Sanz‐Valero Javier 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground:  To develop and apply search filters retrieving the scientific output (SO) after 2000 focusing on Public Health (PH) of the new European Union (EU) Member States after the 2004 and 2007 enlargements.Methods:  Twelve geographical filters (GFs) were designed and applied to retrieve references added since 2001 in medline (accessed through PubMed) and originated in the new EU countries. The PH area was accessed using Medical Subject Heading terms. The filters were evaluated through a manual check and the agreement/non‐agreement percentages were calculated.Results:  A number of 99 912 articles revealing the total SO and 6502 articles focusing on PH were retrieved. More than 66% were published abroad and more than 80% in English. The evaluation revealed an average agreement percentage of 98.97%. The results were compared with those obtained by using simple search strategies.Conclusions:  Twelve GFs applied to medline retrieved references belonging to twelve countries for a specific period of time. The evaluation of the GFs through the manual check demonstrated effectiveness of these filters. Complementary studies would be advisable to focus on the development of search filters to retrieve complete and accurate information.
The effects of CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities on the pharmacokinetics of immediate release oxycodone
Authors: Samer CF , Daali Y , Wagner M , Hopfgartner G , Eap CB , Rebsamen MC , Rossier MF , Hochstrasser D , Dayer P , Desmeules JA 
Published: June 2010

Background and purpose: There is high interindividual variability in the activity of drug‐metabolizing enzymes catalysing the oxidation of oxycodone [cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 3A], due to genetic polymorphisms and/or drug–drug interactions. The effects of CYP2D6 and/or CYP3A activity modulation on the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone remains poorly explored.Experimental approach: A randomized crossover double‐blind placebo‐controlled study was performed with 10 healthy volunteers genotyped for CYP2D6 [six extensive (EM), two deficient (PM/IM) and two ultrarapid metabolizers (UM)]. The volunteers randomly received on five different occasions: oxycodone 0.2 mg·kg−1and placebo; oxycodone and quinidine (CYP2D6 inhibitor); oxycodone and ketoconazole (CYP3A inhibitor); oxycodone and quinidine+ketoconazole; placebo. Blood samples for plasma concentrations of oxycodone and metabolites (oxymorphone, noroxycodone and noroxymorphone) were collected for 24 h after dosing. Phenotyping for CYP2D6 (with dextromethorphan) and CYP3A (with midazolam) were assessed at each session.Key results: CYP2D6 activity was correlated with oxymorphone and noroxymorphone AUCs and Cmax(−0.71 < Spearman correlation coefficient ρs < −0.92). Oxymorphone Cmaxwas 62% and 75% lower in PM than EM and UM. Noroxymorphone Cmaxreduction was even more pronounced (90%). In UM, oxymorphone and noroxymorphone concentrations increased whereas noroxycodone exposure was halved. Blocking CYP2D6 (with quinidine) reduced oxymorphone and noroxymorphone Cmaxby 40% and 80%, and increased noroxycodone AUC∞by 70%. Blocking CYP3A4 (with ketoconazole) tripled oxymorphone AUC∞and reduced noroxycodone and noroxymorphone AUCs by 80%. Shunting to CYP2D6 pathway was observed after CYP3A4 inhibition.Conclusions and implications: Drug–drug interactions via CYP2D6 and CYP3A affected oxycodone pharmacokinetics and its magnitude depended on CYP2D6 genotype.
Resveratrol inhibits cell growth in a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Roncoroni Leda , Elli Luca , Dolfini Ersilia , Erba Eugenio , Dogliotti Elena , Terrani Claudia , Doneda Luisa , Grimoldi Maria Grazia , Bardella Maria Teresa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground/Aims: Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating tumour with a poor prognosis. An efficient therapy is unavailable in unoperable patients and new drugs are widely sought for and required. Resveratrol (RES) is a natural molecule with a reported anticancer effect, evaluated on different tumour cell lines. We tested the efficacy of RES on a cholangiocarcinoma cell line for the first time.Methods: We used the human SK‐ChA‐1 cell line, cultured in the classical two‐dimensional model and in the three‐dimensional spheroids. After RES exposure morphology, cell viability (colony‐forming assay), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and cancer antigen (CA) 19‐9 medium releases, cellular transglutaminase activity, karyotype and cell cycle were evaluated.Results: Resveratrol inhibited cell growth in both the cell culture systems used (from −15 to −80% vs untreated controls) and induced a 40‐fold increase of LDH and ALP activities in the culture medium. Also, transglutaminase (TG) activity increased in the cell lysates, together with a cell cycle perturbation characterised by an accumulation in the G1/S phase. Karyotype and CA 19‐9 expression were not influenced by the treatment.Conclusions: The observed cytotoxic effect of RES on the human cholangiocarcinoma SK‐ChA‐1 cell line cultured two‐ and three‐dimensionally suggests to further analyse its chemotherapic/chemopreventive possibilities for this kind of cancer.
Maternal sleep deprivation, sedentary lifestyle and cooking smoke: Risk factors for miscarriage: A case control study
Authors: SAMARAWEERA Yasindu , ABEYSENA Chrishantha 
Published: June 2010

Aims:  To determine risk factors for miscarriage.Methods:  A case control study was carried out at the gynaecological wards and antenatal clinics of the De Soysa Maternity Hospital in Sri Lanka. A case was defined as that of mothers with a confirmed diagnosis of partial or full expulsion of the fetus during the first 28 weeks of gestation. Controls comprised ante‐natal clinic attendees whose period of gestation was <28 weeks and carrying a viable fetus. Two hundred and thirty cases and 504 controls were selected. A pre‐tested interviewer‐administered questionnaire and modified life events inventory were used to gather data. Multivariate logistic regression was applied separately for first and second trimester miscarriages and the results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and as 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).Results:  Sleeping ≤8 h/day (OR:3.80, 95%CI:1.01–14.3) was found to be a risk factor for first trimester miscarriage controlling for the effect of period of gestation. Sleeping ≤8 h/day (OR:2.04, 95%CI:1.24–3.37), standing ≤3 h/day (OR:1.83, 95%CI:1.08–3.10), exposure to cooking smoke (OR:3.83, 95%CI:1.50–9.90) and physical trauma during the pregnancy (OR:43.2, 95%CI:4.55–411.4) were found to be risk factors for second trimester miscarriage controlling for the effect of period of gestation.Conclusions:  Sleep deprivation, a sedentary lifestyle, exposure to cooking smoke and physical trauma during pregnancy were risk factors for miscarriage. Most of the risk factors are therefore modifiable.
First fungus gnats of genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Japan
Authors: HIPPA Heikki , KJÆRANDSEN Jostein 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe genus Manota is recorded from Japan for the first time. Three new species, Manota satoyamanis, Manota indahae and Manota tunoae spp. nov., are described, based on specimens collected in an ecological sampling program of arthropods in the “satoyama” landscape of Ishikawa Prefecture. “Satoyama” represents the traditional rural landscape of Japan, which is characterized by a mosaic of secondary forests, plantations, ponds and rice paddy fields. The new species raise the number of Palearctic Manota species from five to eight.
Taxonomic review of the genusPseudosteganiaButler, 1881, with description of four new species and comments on its tribal placement in the Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: HAN Hongxiang , STÜNING Dieter , XUE Dayong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe genusPseudosteganiaButler is revised. In addition to the two species known, four species are described as new:P. lijiangensissp. nov. from Yunnan Province,P. qinlingensissp. nov. from Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces,P. zhouisp. nov. from Sichuan Province (China) andP. burmaensissp. nov. from Burma (Myanmar); two species are newly combined withPseudostegania:P. distinctaria(Leech, 1897), comb. nov. andP. yargongaria(Oberthür, 1916), comb. nov. All the known species are redescribed and lectotypes are designated forP. defectata(Christoph, 1881),P. distinctariaandP. yargongaria. The generic characters, based on all species, are summarized. The tribal placement ofPseudosteganiais discussed. Illustrations of moths and genitalia are presented.