bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of systemic inhibition of Rho kinase on blood pressure and renal haemodynamics in diabetic rats
Authors: Komers R , Oyama TT , Beard DR , Anderson S 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The RhoA/Rho associated kinases (ROCK) pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Early stages of diabetes are associated with renal haemodynamic changes, contributing to later development of DN. However, the role of RhoA/ROCK, known regulators of vascular tone, in this process has not been studied.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Blood pressure (BP), glomerular filtration (GFR), effective renal plasma flow and filtration fraction (FF) in response to the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 (0.1 and 0.5 mg·kg−1) and fasudil (0.3 and 1.5 mg·kg−1) were examined in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats and non‐diabetic controls.KEY RESULTS Diabetic rats demonstrated baseline increases in GFR and FF. In contrast to similar decreases in BP in diabetic and control rats, renal vasodilator effects and a decrease in FF, following ROCK inhibition were observed only in diabetic rats. The vasodilator effects of Y27632 and a further decrease in FF, were also detected in diabetic rats pretreated with the angiotensin antagonist losartan. The effects of ROCK inhibitors in diabetic rats were modulated by prior protein kinase C (PKC)β inhibition with ruboxistaurin, which abolished their effects on FF. Consistent with the renal vasodilator effects, the ROCK inhibitors reduced phosphorylation of myosin light chain in diabetic kidneys.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results indicate greater dependence of renal haemodynamics on RhoA/ROCK and beneficial haemodynamic effects of ROCK inhibitors in diabetes, which were additive to the effects of losartan. In this process, the RhoA/ROCK pathway operated downstream of or interacted with, PKCβ in some segments of the renal vascular tree.
The Breakthrough of Another West European Populist Radical Right Party? The Case of the True Finns
Authors: Arter David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe True Finn Party (PS), which gained virtually 10 per cent of the national vote at the 2009 European Parliament election, lacks a place in the comparative party literature and also defies ready classification. It has been perceived by its supporters as the most left-wing of the non-socialist parties; by Finnish media commentators as a case of right-wing populism; and by researchers as a distinctive centred-based populist party when viewed in a wider European perspective. Based on a careful study of its programmatic output since its inception in 1995, this article seeks to characterize the PS by reference to its core ideological features. It argues that it is in fact a populist radical right party – with national identity or Finnishness as its pivotal concept – albeit without the xenophobic extremism of such continental counterparts as the Danish People's Party or Austrian Freedom Party.
Survivorship and growth in the larvae of Luehdorfia japonica feeding on old leaves of Asarum megacalyx
Authors: HATADA Aya , MATSUMOTO Kazuma 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAlthough the papilionid butterfly Luehdorfia japonica, usually lays eggs on new leaves of the host plant (Asarum sp.; Aristolochiaceae), eggs of the butterfly were frequently found on old leaves of Asarum megacalyx in Suyama, Tokamachi, Niigata prefecture. Larvae hatched on new leaves and those hatched on old leaves did not show significant differences in their survival rate in the field. In laboratory breeding, about 90% of larvae that were fed old leaves survived and developed normally to the pupal stage. Their growth rate, however, was slightly lower than those that were fed new leaves. No nutritional differences were found between the old and new leaves. The reason why oviposition on the old leaves was so frequent and why larvae that hatched on old leaves could survive in the study area is discussed.
Microsculpture in UK ground beetles: Are there patterns?
Authors: DOBERSKI Julian , WALMESLEY George 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCuticular microsculpture “cells” were measured on 78 species of UK ground beetles. The data were analyzed to establish whether the type of microsculpture could be linked to ground beetle size (length) or ecological preferences. Larger species tended towards isodiametric patterns, while more of the smaller species showed a transverse or effaced pattern. There was no indication that preferences for dry or moist habitat were linked to microsculpture type, which had been suggested in the literature.
Host stage preference, functional response and mutual interference of Aphidius matricariae (Hym.: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on Aphis fabae (Hom.: Aphididae)
Authors: TAHRIRI Sepideh , TALEBI Ali A. , FATHIPOUR Yaghoub , ZAMANI Abbas A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHost stage preference, functional response and mutual interference of Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hom.: Aphididae) were investigated in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25°C, 65% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 h light : 8 h dark on the PP8 variety of sugar beet. Nicholson's model and linear regression were used to determine per capita searching efficiency and interference coefficient, respectively. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on the third instar nymphs of A. fabae in both choice and no‐choice preference tests. There was significant difference between rates of parasitism on different stages of A. fabae (P < 0.01). Using logistic regression, a type II functional response was determined for A. matricariae. The Holling and Rogers models were used for estimating searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th). The data was fitted by the Rogers equation better than by the Holling disc equation based on the R2 values. The estimated values of searching efficiency and handling time were 0.040 ± 0.013/h and 3.439 ± 0.383 h, respectively. The per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly from 0.272 to 0.139 as parasitoid densities increased from one to five. Therefore, different host‐parasitoid ratios could affect the efficacy of A. matricariae.
Diet composition of the endangered giant water bug Lethocerus deyrolli (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) in the rice fields of Japan: Which is the most important prey item among frogs, fish, and aquatic insects?
Authors: HIRAI Toshiaki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe food habits of the endangered giant water bug, Lethocerus deyrolli, were studied in the rice fields of Nose, in the north of Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Field observations revealed that frogs were the most important prey item. Frogs represented 86.4% and 78.6% in the diet of L. deyrolli in spring and summer, respectively. Among seven species of three families (Hylidae, Rhacophoridae, and Ranidae) exploited by L. deyrolli, the most important food item was adult Hyla japonica in spring and juvenile Rana nigromaculta in summer. Fish and aquatic arthropods were not considered important foods for L. deyrolli. The frog‐dependent food habits indicate that the recovery and conservation of frogs should be prioritized to protect L. deyrolli from extinction.
The Evolution of Helicobacter pylori Antibiotics Resistance Over 10 Years in Beijing, China
Authors: Gao Wen , Cheng Hong , Hu Fulian , Li Jiang , Wang Lihui , Yang Guibin , Xu Le , Zheng Xiaoli 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:  To evaluate Helicobacter pylori antibiotics resistance evolution from 2000 to 2009 to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in Beijing, China.Methods:  A total of 374 H. pylori strains isolated from 374 subjects who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 2000 to 2009 were collected and examined by E‐test method for antibiotics susceptibility.Results:  The average antibiotics resistance rates were 0.3% (amoxicillin), 37.2% (clarithromycin), 63.9% (metronidazole), 1.2% (tetracycline), 50.3% (levofloxacin) and 61.9% (moxifloxacin). Overall resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone increased annually (from 14.8 to 65.4%, 38.9 to 78.8%, and 27.1 to 63.5%, in 2000 or 2006–2007 to 2009, respectively). The secondary resistance rates were much higher than primary rates to these antibiotics, which also increased annually in recent 10 years.Conclusions:  The trend of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori increased over time and the resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline was infrequent and stable in Beijing. Clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone should be used with caution for H. pylori eradication treatment.
Socio‐medical Problems of Epileptics A Preliminary Report
Authors: JUUL‐JENSEN PALLE 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYExcluding disability pensioners and married women, a series of 736 adult epileptics revealed only 23 patients with occupational difficulties solely due to epilepsy. It was found that both the psychological constitution and the severity and type of epilepsy are of importance in the social adjustment of the patients.RÉSUMÉSi l'on tient hors de compte les gens en retraite et les femmes mariées, on constate qu'une série de 736 adultes épileptiques n'a donné que 23 malades dont le travail est difficile par suite d'épilepsie seulement. Il s'est révélé que la constitution psychologique, ainsi que la gravité et le type de l'épilepsie ont de l'importance dans l'adaptation sociale des malades.
Research on Epileptic Drugs
Authors: SOREL L. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYInvestigation of the electivity of highly active drugs in the treatment of epilepsy has brought three findings to the front: the diversity in the action of anti‐epileptic drugs is certain in clinical use; the same product can be anti‐epileptic as well as epileptogenic according to the physiological or physiopathological state of the person concerned in the test; the activity of only one sensibilisating epileptogenous factor is very different according to the form of epilepsy in question.The experimental tests should be as numerous as possible, in order to examine the various aspects of the epileptic process.The tests should be executed with very much precision and if possible under EEG control. Two tests evolved by the author have been used.Correlations between human epilepsy and experimental tests appear to have been established in the case of certain tests.RÉSUMÉAprès avoir remarqué l'électivité de nombreuses substances très actives dans le traitement de l'épilepsie on peut dégager 3 constatations: la diversité d'action des antiépileptiques en clinique est certaine; une měme substance peut ětre anti‐épileptique ou épileptogène suivant l'état physiologique ou physiopathologique du sujet en cause; l'action d'un měme facteur sensibilisant épileptogène sera différent selon la forme d'épilepsie en jeu.Les tests expérimentaux devront ětre les plus nombreux possibles afin d'interroger le processus épileptique sous ses divers aspects.Les tests devront ětre le plus précis possibles et si possible sous contr&#x006f;&#x030c;le E.E.G. Deux tests personnels ont été utilisés.Les corrélations entre l'épilepsie humaine et les tests expérimentaux semblent établies pour certains tests.
Vocational Training of Epileptics
Authors: JUUL‐JENSEN PALLE 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYIn 52 patients, who during the period from 1945 to 1958 received financial support for vocational training from the Danish Disability Insurance Tribunal, this training was completed with success only in 16 (or 31%). The series seemed to be very suitable for rehabilitation, since all the patients had been closely examined and adjudged before any aid was granted. The results of the follow‐up study must therefore be said to be highly disappointing. Accordingly, strict criteria must be applied in the selection of epileptics who are to be admitted to the rehabilitation centres which will be established in this country (Denmark) in the near future.RÉSUMÉLa préparation professionnelle de 25 malades ayant reçu à ce propos une aide financière durant la période de 1945 à 1958 n'a été couronnée de succès complet que chez 16 d'entre eux. La série semblait très favorable à la réhabilitation: ils avaient été examinés et jugés conscientieusement avant que l'aide leur fu&#x030c;t accordée. On peut dire par conséquent que les résultats d'une étude sérieuse ont fortement désappointé. Par suite, de rigoureux critères doivent ětre appliqués à la sélection d'épileptiques susceptibles d'admission aux centres de réhabilitation que l'on va établir en ce pays (Danemark) dans une proche avenir.
Basic Mechanisms of Single Cell Discharge in the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: LI CHOH‐LUH , CHOU SHELLEY N. , HOWARD SAXTON Y. 
Published: September 2010

RÉSUMÉLes observations ci‐dessus permettent de comparer les mécanismes du potentiel de décharge de fibres musculaires individuelles et ceux de neurones corticaux individuels. L'auteur en conclut que la decharge de la cellule individuelle dans le cortex cérébral est déterminée par deux mécanismes:

Un mécanisme intrinsèque, comme celui manifesté par l'instabilité du potentiel de la membrane au repos ou par des potientels d'oscillation rythmique qui sont probablement en rapport avec l'état électro‐chimique ou métabolique du neurone. Une décharge épileptique du cortex cérébral provient probablement d'un changement dans l'état métabolique (13) ou d'un trouble du mécanisme intrinsèque de quelques‐uns des neurones corticaux. Le mécanisme intrinsèque peut aussi ětre troublé par d'autres facteurs différents tels qu'une lésion de la membrane cellulaire, un changement dans les composants chimiques de l'entourage, ou bien encore, par stimulation électrique directe. Toutefois, ces facteurs n'existent pas lors de fonction physiologique normale du cerveau.
Un mécanisme extrinséque comme celui observé en certaines cas lors de petits potentiels se réptéant à des intervalles irréguliers et, en d'autres as, lors d'hyperpolarisation du neurone postsynaptique, dépendant entièrement de l'activité des cellules présynaptiques.
Dendritic Mechanisms
Authors: EIDELBERG E. , FRENCH J. D. 
Published: September 2010

RÉSUMÉL'auteur émet la supposition d'une relation directe entre les événements électriques manifestés cornme “réponses dendritiques” et les décharges convulsives. I1 suggére aussi l'opinion que l'induction d'une activité convulsive à des endroits éoignes d'un focus primaire peuvent exprimer un phénomène de “release” du type général d'hypersensibilité d'énervation.
Risk of Injury Associated with Opioid Use in Older Adults
Authors: Buckeridge David , Huang Allen , Hanley James , Kelome Armel , Reidel Kristen , Verma Aman , Winslade Nancy , Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES:To estimate the dose‐related risk of injuries in older adults associated with the use of low‐, medium‐, and high‐potency opioids.DESIGN:Historical population‐based cohort study: 2001 to 2003.SETTING:Quebec, Canada's, universal healthcare system.PARTICIPANTS:Four hundred three thousand three hundred thirty‐nine adults aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS:Population‐based health databases were used to measure preexisting risk factors for injuries in 2001/02 and drug use and injuries during follow‐up (2003). Type and dose of opioids were measured as time‐dependent variables, as were other drugs that may increase the risk of injury from sedating side‐effects or hypotension. The risk of injury per one adult dose increase in opioid dose was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTS:During the follow‐up year, 50.7% of the study population were prescribed drugs with sedating side effects, 15.3% were prescribed an opioid, 20.7% were concurrently using more than one sedating medication, and 3.7% were treated for an injury, fractures (55.1%) being the most common. After adjusting for concurrent drug use and baseline risk factors, low‐ (hazard ratio (HR)=1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.33–1.39) and intermediate‐potency (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.02–1.07) opioids were associated with the risk of injury. Use of codeine combinations was associated with the highest risk of injury, a 127% greater risk (HR=2.27, 95% CI=2.21–2.34) per one adult dose increase. (The mean World Health Organization standardized dose in the study population was 1.71 ± 0.85 adult doses.)CONCLUSION:Opioids increase the risk of injury in older adults, particularly codeine combinations.
Frequency of Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Multinational Perspective Using the Mini Nutritional Assessment
Authors: Kaiser Matthias J. , Bauer Jürgen M. , Rämsch Christiane , Uter Wolfgang , Guigoz Yves , Cederholm Tommy , Thomas David R. , Anthony Patricia S. , Charlton Karen E. , Maggio Marcello , Tsai Alan C. , Vellas Bruno , Sieber Cornel C. ,   for the Mini Nutritional Assessment International Group
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To provide pooled data on the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly people as evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).DESIGN: Retrospective pooled analysis of previously published datasets.SETTING: Hospital, rehabilitation, nursing home, community.PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand five hundred seven people (75.2% female) with a mean age of 82.3.MEASUREMENTS: The prevalence of malnutrition in the combined database and in the four settings was examined.RESULTS: Twenty‐four data sets with information on full MNA classification from researchers from 12 countries were submitted. In the combined database, the prevalence of malnutrition was 22.8%, with considerable differences between the settings (rehabilitation, 50.5%; hospital, 38.7%; nursing home, 13.8%; community, 5.8%). In the combined database, the “at risk” group had a prevalence of 46.2%. Consequently, approximately two‐thirds of study participants were at nutritional risk or malnourished.CONCLUSION: The MNA has gained worldwide acceptance and shows a high prevalence of malnutrition in different settings, except for the community. Because of its specific geriatric focus, the MNA should be recommended as the basis for nutritional evaluation in older people.
Visceral Fat Accumulation and Metabolic Risk Factor Clustering in Older Adults
Authors: Nomura Kazushi , Eto Masato , Kojima Taro , Ogawa Sumito , Iijima Katsuya , Nakamura Tetsuro , Araki Atsushi , Akishita Masahiro , Ouchi Yasuyoshi 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between visceral fat area (VFA) evaluated using computed tomography (CT) scans and the number of metabolic risk factors in older adults.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional studySETTING: A community clinic in Tokyo, Japan.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred eighteen individuals aged 65 and older without impairments in activities of daily living who underwent geriatric health examination (63 men, mean age 74.5 ± 7.1; 155 women, mean age 75.3 ± 6.7).MEASUREMENTS: VFA was obtained from a cross‐sectional image at umbilical level in the supine position using CT scanning. Metabolic syndrome components except waist circumference were measured using the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation.RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between VFA and number of metabolic risk factors in men and women. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that only VFA was significantly correlated with number of risk factors in men, whereas age and VFA were significantly correlated in women; body mass index was not correlated with number of metabolic risk factors in men or women. Dyslipidemia and high blood glucose were associated with higher VFA, but high blood pressure was not. There was a negative correlation between VFA and serum adiponectin level and a positive correlation between VFA and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.CONCLUSION: Visceral fat accumulation is associated with metabolic risk factor clustering even in the elderly population. These results have clinical implications for the management of obesity in older adults.
Hand‐Grip Strength Cut Points to Screen Older Persons at Risk for Mobility Limitation
Authors: Sallinen Janne , Stenholm Sari , Rantanen Taina , Heliövaara Markku , Sainio Päivi , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine optimal hand‐grip strength cut points for likelihood of mobility limitation in older people and to study whether these cut points differ according to body mass index (BMI).DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis of data.SETTING: Data collected in the Finnish population‐based Health 2000 Survey.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eighty‐four men and 1,562 women aged 55 and older with complete data on anthropometry, hand‐grip strength and self‐reported mobility.MEASUREMENTS: Mobility limitation was defined as difficulty walking 0.5 km or climbing stairs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to estimate hand‐grip strength cut points for likelihood of mobility limitation.RESULTS: The overall hand‐grip strength cut points for likelihood of mobility limitation were 37 kg (sensitivity 62%; specificity 76%) for men and 21 kg (sensitivity 67%; specificity 73%) for women. The effect of the interaction between hand‐grip strength and BMI on mobility limitation was significant in men (P=.02), but no such interaction was observed in women (P=.16). In men, the most‐optimal cutoff points were 33 kg (sensitivity 73%; specificity 79%) for normal‐weight men, 39 kg (sensitivity 67%; specificity 71%) for overweight men, and 40 kg (sensitivity 57%; specificity 68%) for obese men. In women, BMI‐specific hand‐grip strength cutoff values was not markedly more accurate than the overall cutoff value.CONCLUSION: The hand‐grip strength test is a useful tool to identify persons at risk of mobility limitation. In men, hand‐grip strength cut points for mobility increased with BMI, whereas in women, only one hand‐grip strength threshold was identified.
Mild Cognitive Impairment: Incidence and Risk Factors: Results of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged
Authors: Luck Tobias , Luppa Melanie , Briel Susanne , Matschinger Herbert , König Hans‐Helmut , Bleich Stefan , Villringer Arno , Angermeyer Matthias C. , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. 
Published: September 2010

OBECTIVES:To provide information on age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and risk factors for incident MCI.DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal cohort.SETTING:Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged, a population‐based German study of the epidemiology of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.PARTICIPANTS:At baseline, 1,692 subjects aged 75 and older were included in the sample.MEASUREMENTS:Trained psychologists and physicians conducted structured clinical interviews including neuropsychological assessment and questions about sociodemographics, familial history of dementia, activities of daily living, subjective memory impairment, and lifestyle (alcohol consumption, smoking) at participants' homes. Structured third‐party interviews were conducted with proxies. Incidence was calculated according to the person‐years‐at‐risk method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between risk factors and incident MCI.RESULTS:During an 8‐year follow‐up period, 26.4% (n=137) of the 519 study participants (population at risk) were identified as incident MCI cases (person‐years=1,791.1). The overall incidence rate of MCI was 76.5 (95% confidence interval=64.7–90.4) per 1,000 person‐years. Older age, subjective memory impairment, impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, and antecedent lower cognitive performance were found to be significantly associated with the development of future MCI.CONCLUSION:MCI is highly incident in the elderly population. For the purpose of early detection of dementia, subjective memory impairment should be taken seriously as a possible prestage of MCI.