bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tear film proteins attached to soft contact lenses
Authors: NIELSEN K , VORUM H , EHLERS N , HJORTDAL J , HONORé B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Contact lenses (CLs) float on the tear film that is the outer 7‐8 µm liquid layer on the cornea. Proteins can adhere to the surface of CLs. Adhered proteins are the agent for irritation and in case of long wear time and poor hygiene, possibly also for keratitis; as the proteins may serve as an anchor for bacteria to attach to. We have isolated and identified such adhered proteins from the CL surface.Methods Soft CLs from 3 non‐atopic human individuals were collected. 1‐day, 14‐days and 30‐days lenses were examined. Adhered proteins were removed in denaturing lysis buffer and separated on two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels that were silver stained. Spots of interest were excised and subjected to in‐gel tryptic digestion prior to liquid chromatography ‐ tandem mass spectrometry analysis.Results Equal amounts of proteins (20‐40 µg) were separated on 2D‐gels. Protein patterns appeared more intense but with similar patterns with longer wear‐period. A fraction of the observed silver stained protein spots were successfully identified with tandem mass spectrometry. Identified proteins included: lactoferrin, lysozyme C, lipocalin‐1, mammaglobulin, beta‐2‐microglobulin, prolactin‐inducible protein, immunoglobulins, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, zinc‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein, cystatin‐S, cystatin‐SN, secretoglobulin family 1D member 1 and serum albumin.Conclusion Adhered proteins from CLs were isolated and identified. The protein composition resembles the protein composition in tears. The combined techniques of 2D‐gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry is proven to be a suitable tool to examine proteins adhered to CLs. Proteins from a single set of CLs can be analyzed.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a mutation for a novel form of hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
Authors: SOLER V , TRAN‐VIET KN , ST.GERMAIN E , FOURNIE P , KLEMM T , HAWTHORNE F , AFSHARI NA , CALVAS P , MALECAZE F , YOUNG T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To identify a gene for a novel, autosomal dominant form of hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID) in a Caucasian French pedigree using deep sequencing technology.Methods A 7‐member family with two affected individuals (6‐year‐old proband and his mother) with corneal lesions was ascertained. The proband presented with bilateral complete corneal opacification with dyskeratosis, and circumferential corneolimbal neovascularization. Cutaneous features of palmoplantar hyperkeratosis as well as laryngeal dyskeratosis were associated with the ocular phenotype. Histopathology studies of cornea and vocal chord biopsies showed dyskeratotic keratinization. Next generation sequencing with mean coverage of 50x using the Illumina Hi Seq and whole exome capture processing was performed. Sequence reads were aligned, and screened for single nucleotide variant and insertion/deletion calls. In‐house pipeline filtering analyses and comparisons with public databases were performed. cDNA expression studies were conducted using systemic and ocular tissues.Results A novel missense mutation M77T was discovered for the gene NLRP1 which maps to chromosome 17p13.2. This mutation was de novo in the proband’s mother, followed segregation in the family, and was not found in 800 control DNA samples. NLRP1 expression was determined in adult cornea.Conclusion A de novo mutation in NLRP1 segregated with HBID in a non‐Native American family. The gene product is implicated in inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and caspase‐mediated apoptosis. This is the first identification of a causative gene for a form of autosomal dominant HBID.
Ocular granulomatosis associated with brimonidine treatment. Does brimonidine have an effect on human macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro?
Authors: BOUABANE I , MAURAGE CA , LABALETTE M , ROULAND JF , LABALETTE P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Conjunctival and episcleral granulomas with uveitis have been reported as a side effect of antiglaucomatous topical use of brimonidine tartrate. We postulated that brimonidine is implicated in this inflammatory process and studied its effects on the antigen presenting cells (APCs) cytokines production.Methods Conjunctival and episcleral granulomatous lesions were immunohistochemically analyzed for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD1a, CD11c, CD68, and CD123. Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) were generated from peripheral blood monocytes of healthy donors and of patients who presented uveitis and granulomatous ocular infiltration induced by brimonidine topical treatment. APCs were respectively exposed to preserved and unpreserved brimonidine tartrate suspension(0.012%),0.005% benzalkonium chloride (BAK) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). APCs Th1/Th2 cytokines production was measured in supernatants by multiplex flow cytometry.Results The granulomas consisted predominantly of CD4+ T‐cells and APCs, i.e. epithelioid macrophages CD 68+ and myeloid DCs CD11c+. Comparative exposure of APCs to unpreserved or preserved brimonidine tartrate formulations, or BAK alone, induced similar amounts of pro (IL‐6 or TNF‐α) and anti (IL‐10) inflammatory cytokines. Brimonidine tartrate and BAK reduced the LPS‐stimulated production of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐10.Conclusion The histhopathological analysis of the conjunctiva and the episclera identified the main cellular actors involved in the granulomatous inflammatory process. By altering the APCs IL‐10 production, brimonidine tartrate will affect induction of tolerance by DCs and allow initiation of immune response leading to granulomas formation.
Ex vivo test bench for preclinical assessment of intra corneal new medical devices is needed more than ever
Authors: BERNARD A , CAMPOLMI N , NEFZAOUI C , THURET G , GAIN P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Intra corneal medical devices (ICMD) currently invade the refractive surgery market, particularly for presbyopia. Proposed to correct a simple loss of accommodation and not a disease, they should have very long‐term efficacy and safety objectives. It becomes evident that pre‐clinical tests must be highly efficient in determining the balance of benefits and risks. Despite the European directive 93/42/EEC that defines this balance, several CE marked ICMD, with a quasi‐cosmetic action, are implanted in healthy human corneas after, at best, non‐representative animal experiments. Aim: to demonstrate the urgent need to develop efficient suitable preclinical assessment methods of these ICMDMethods Exhaustive review of the literature about animal models and human experimentations used until now for ICMD assessmentResults None of the usual animal models of ICMD assessment seemed acceptable for various reasons: primate for ethical reasons (presbyopia is not a disease), rat, rabbits and cats for biological reasons especially because of their spontaneous endothelial regeneration, or financial reason especially for long‐term monitoring after implantation in primate, pig, calf or ovines. One ICMD (CE marked since 2005) was tested in 24 rabbits, without any endothelial viability testing, before being implanted in human corneas. Several ICMD (one CE marked since 2009) were never submitted to pre‐clinical assessment and were directly implanted in human corneaConclusion New pre‐clinical assessment, for example ex vivo test bench with very long term stored and monitored human corneas need to be rapidly developed and validated in order to improve patient safety
Impact of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on bFGF, HGF, KGF, TGFß1 and VEGF secretion of keratocytes in vitro
Authors: SZENTMARY N , STACHON T , WANG J , EPPIG T , LANGENBUCHER A , BISCHOFF M , FOTH HJ , SEITZ B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) may eliminate the microorganisms from the infected cornea by damages caused through free oxygen radicals, or even by supporting different stages of activation of keratocytes and inflammatory cell response. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of PDI on bFGF, HGF, KGF, TGFß1 and VEGF secretion of keratocytes in vitro.Methods Primary human keratocytes were isolated by digestion in collagenase A (1 mg/ml) from human corneal buttons, and cultured in DMEM/Ham’s culture medium supplemented with 10% FCS. Keratocytes underwent illumination (670 nm) for 13 minutes following exposure to 100 nM concentration of photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) in the culture medium. One day after treatment, bFGF, HGF, KGF, TGFß1 and VEGF release of the cells was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results One day after PDI, the secretion of bFGF was 1.58, of HGF 1.61, of KGF 0, of TGFß1 2.83 and of VEGF 9.01 pg/µg protein. The secretion of bFGF decreased (p=0.007) significantly one day after PDI, compared to controls. In HGF, KGF, TGFß1 and VEGF secretion no significant changes could be detected. Using Ce6 or illumination only, bFGF, HGF, KGF, TGFß1 and VEGF secretion of keratocytes did not change significantly.Conclusion As a short‐term effect, PDI decreases bFGF release of keratocytes in vitro. The altered secretion of these factors may play a role in the activation of keratocytes following PDI.
Expression of stromelysins 2 and 3 in rabbit corneal epithelium upon UV radiation
Authors: ARDAN T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Stromelysins belong to the group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes degrade many extracellular matrix proteins in the basement membrane, including proteoglycans and laminin, but are unable to cleave the fibrillar collagens. Activated stromelysin, via its capacity to catabolize proteoglycans, is likely to help reestablish transparency by returning the proteoglycan ratio to normal during remodeling. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of UVA and UVB rays on the expression of stromelysin 2 (MMP‐10) and 3 (MMP‐11) in the corneal epithelium.Methods In the first group of rabbits the corneas were irradiated with UVA lamp (365 nm, once a day during 4 days, and a dose per day 1.01 J/cm2). In the second group of rabbits the corneas were irradiated with UVB lamp (312 nm, once a day during 4 days, and a dose per day 1.01 J/cm2). Stromelysin 2 and 3 were examined on cryostat sections immunohistochemically by using sheep polyclonal anti‐MMP‐10 and anti‐MMP‐11 antibodies.Results Our immunohistochemical results showed that UVA rays did not change the expression of both stromelysins studied in the corneal epithelium. In contrast, UVB rays induced the increased expression of stromelysin 2 and 3 in corneal epithelial cells.Conclusion Even if further studies are necessary, our results point to the suggestions that increased stromelysins after UVB irradiation can participate in remodeling processes during corneal wound healing.
Gelatinous drop like dystrophy (GDLD) in a Sudanese patient
Authors: AKHTAR S , GUGGENHEIM J , ALKATAN H , KIRAT O , ALMUBRAD T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Gelatinous drop‐like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) (OMIM #204870) is an early‐ onset, autosomal recessive corneal dystrophy, reported globally. It presents in the ﬁrst decade of life with bilateral, mulberry‐like or gelatinous lesions, due to amyloid deposition in the superﬁcial cornea.Methods A 50 year old Sudanese patient was diagnosed for GDLD. The patient had penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye. The tissue was processed for light and electron microscopy. A DNA sample was screened for 333 sequence variants in 13 corneal dystrophy genes by Asper Ophthalmics Ltd, followed by confirmatory sequencing.Results The GDLD cornea contained deposits of amyloid fibrils at the sub‐epithelial region and in various parts of stroma. The deposits were Congo red positive and showed apple green birefringence under polarized light. The growth of amyloid fibrils was associated with large splits between lamellae, a reduced diameter of collagen fibrils and degeneration of keratocytes. A homozygous c.355T>A mutation in exon 1 of the TACSTD2 (M1S1) gene was identified, not present in dbSNP, predicted to cause a pathogenic amino acid change (p.Cysl19Ser in NCBI entry NP_002344.2).Conclusion The cornea of this GDLD patient with a novel c.355T>A mutation in exon 1 of TACSTD2 showed degeneration of the corneal epithelium, Bowman’s layer, stroma and keratocytes. Deposits of amyloid were found in the sub‐epithelium region, Bowman’s layer, and stroma. Acknowledgement: Supported by National Plan for Science and Technology, KSU, Riyadh.
The correlation between central corneal thickness and endothelial cells in healthy patients and in patients with cataract or primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: JURKUTE N , PAJAUJIS M , GALGAUSKAS S , KRASAUSKAITE D , ASOKLIS R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare the endothelial cells parameters and central corneal thickness (CCT) in four different groups of patients, to find the correlation between the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and the cell size, percentage of regular hexagonal cells, CCT and age in all four groups.Methods All patients (104 eyes) were devided into 4 groups: patients with cataract, with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), young healthy people and older healthy people. Specular microscopy was performed, endothelial cells parameters were analyzed (ECD, the percentage of regular hexagonal cells), CCT was measured.Results There were 47 (45%) male, 57 (55%) female. Average age was 59 (± 23.8) years. In the POAG group average CCT was 553 (± 32) µm, ECD 2484 (± 482) cell/mm2, hexagonal cells 60% (± 10%). In the cataract group CCT was 540 (± 64) µm, ECD was 2633 (± 430) cell/mm2, hexagonal cells 60% (± 10%). In young healthy subjects average CCT was 555 (± 43) µm, ECD 2940 (± 345) cell/mm2, hexagonal cells 66% (± 10%), in the older healthy patients group average CCT was 545 (± 39) µm, ECD 2394 (± 416) cell/mm2, hexagonal cells 64% (± 10%).Conclusion The ECD is higher in thicker corneas. In young subjects ECD was higher than in elderly patients. In males the percentage of regular hexagonal cells was higher than in females. There was no statistically significant difference in CCT and ECD between the gender. We have found very weak statistically significant direct relationship between ECD and CCT. There was no statistically significant difference in CCT and percentage of hexagonal cells in corneal endothelium in all groups.
Three year visual outcomes and correlation with graft thickness in eyes following descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (dsaek)
Authors: LIM FPM , ANG M , HTOON H , TAN D , MEHTA J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To describe 3 year visual outcomes and correlation with graft thickness in eyes following Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK).Methods Retrospective case series of 106 consecutive eyes that underwent DSAEK. We recorded clinical characteristics , best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and serial measurements of central graft thickness and total central corneal thickness using anterior segment optical coherence tomography over a 3‐year follow‐up. Correlation analysis of preoperative and postoperative graft thickness with BCVA at 1, 2 and 3 years were performed.Results Mean age of recipients was 64.5 years (± 11.8) years. The median preoperative logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA was 0.71. There was significant improvement in post‐operative BCVA at 1‐year (median improvement in BCVA 0.41, P<0.001), but no significant improvement in BCVA after 2 year post operatively (P=0.563). Likewise, median central graft thickness significantly decreased post‐operatively over the first year (190um vs 166 um, P<0.001), but no significant reduction of graft thickness after 2 years post‐operatively (P=0.17). There were no correlations between preoperative graft thickness and BCVA logMAR at 1 year (Spearman=‐0.187; p= 0.069), 2 year (Spearman= ‐0.049; p= 0.650) or at 3 year (Spearman=‐0.068; p= 0.614). There were also no significant correlations of logMAR BCVA with post‐operative graft thickness by AS‐OCT at any time point.Conclusion Visual acuity significantly improves after DSAEK over the first year postoperatively. However, no correlation can be found between both preoperative and postoperative graft thickness and BCVA over 3 year follow up.
Distribution of the central corneal thickness in adult residents of Lithuania
Authors: GALGAUSKAS S , LIUTVINAITE R , JUODKAITE G , TUTKUVIENE J , ASOKLIS R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the distribution of the central corneal thickness by age and gender in Lithuanian population.Methods Lithuanian residents in the age of 18 and senior, who were registered with the primary health care institutions (PHCI) of different Lithuanian cities and regions participated in the survey. Data including age, gender and measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT) of all tested persons was registered. CCT of each eye was measured by using the ultrasound contact pachymeter. The results were statistically analysed by SPSS 17,0 program.Results In total 1650 residents of Lithuania were tested, including 688 (41, 7%) men and 962 (58.3%) women. The average age among men was 57.31 ± 0.61, and among women ‐ 53, 63 ±0.74. The average CCT of individuals by age groups equalled to: 18‐29 (550,8 ±2,8 µm), 30‐39 (557,5±1,9 µm), 40‐49 (551,3±1,8 µm), 50‐59 (544,0±1,9 µm), 60‐69 (544,2±2,1 µm), 70‐79 (535,1±1,9 µm), and 80+ (530,1±1,1 µm)( p=0,000, p<0,05). The central corneal thickness of the tested men and women by different age groups (under 40, from 40 to 60 years of age, and over 60) was calculated in percentiles. Corneas of persons under 40 are thicker than of persons in the age between 40 and 60, and corneas of the tested senior persons over 60 are thinner in comparison with other age groups.Conclusion The average CCT among Lithuanian residents in general is 544,6± 0,7 m, 545,0±0,8 m of men, and 544,4±1,1 m of women. The thickest cornea among Lithuanian residents was measured in individuals under 40. In senior persons it becomes thinner by each decade from 2 to 8µm. The central corneal thickness has no relevance to gender.
Efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on corneal surface in bullous keratopathy eyes
Authors: KOEV K 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the effect of cryopreserved amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) on a patients with bullous keratopathy in pseudophakia eyes.Methods This retrospective study included 5 eyes (5 patients) with bullous keratopathy in pseudophakia eyes presenting with intractable pain or discomfort (photophobia, tearing and foreign‐body sensation). A transplantation of sutureless temporary cryopreserved amniotic membrane was performed on all eyes suffering from bullous keratopathy. The average duration of the follow‐up was 14.1 months +/‐ 1.6 (SD) (range 12 to 16 months).Results After the AMT was established a significant improvement. We observed complete corneal epithelial healing in all eyes. Sixty percent of the 5 eyes had improvement of the ocular discomfort soon after the first postoperative day. Pain relief was obtained in 80% of patients.Conclusion The AMT was efficient, safe, and successful method of treatment for intractable pain with chronic bullous keratopathy. Future studies comparing AMT to other methods of treatment of bullous keratopathy would help to better define the role of AMT in ocular surface disease and perhaps further elucidate the mechanisms by which this therapy works. Keywords: Amniotic membrane transplantation, pseudophakia, bullous keratopathy, intractable pain, discomfort
Keratoconus screening based on data of the high resolution anterior segment OCT Casia 1000
Authors: LANGENBUCHER A , GILLNER M , KANNENGIESSER M , EPPIG T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Anterior segment OCTs are more and more used in clinical practice for evaluation of corneal disorders. The goal of the study was to derive an automatic screening method for diagnosis of forme fruste and early keratoconus based on data extracted from the OCT CASIA‐1000 (Tomey Inc., Japan).Methods From the Casia‐1000 we exported the following raw data: anterior and posterior surface dioptric power data, anterior and posterior surface elevation data, pachymetric data (central, thinnest + X‐Y‐position). These data were decomposed into Zernike base of radial degree 6 and single indices and combinations (compound index 1 and 2) were tested for specificity and sensitivity (ROC analysis, area under curve). Ninety eyes of 45 patients were included in this study (1 eye each with clinical manifest signs of keratoconus the other without clinical signs of keratoconus each) and 48 eyes of 48 normals as reference.Results For the single indices the tilt and coma component of 1st and 2nd radial degree showed the best discriminance level between normal and suspects/keratoconus (area up to 0.74/0.86). Compound index 1 considering anterior and posterior surface coma of 1st and 2nd radial degree and pachymetry yielded a discriminance level of 0.821/0.953 and compound index 2 without considering pachymetry showed 0.799/0.935, respectively.Conclusion The single indexes do not seem do provide better discrimination between normals and suspects/keratoconus compared to the literature data for corneal topography (e.g. Klyce, Maeda, Smolek) or Tomography (Belin&Ambrósio). But in contrast, especially compound index 1 shows an excellent performance. These results have to be validated in a larger case series comparing Casia‐1000, TMS and Pentacam.
Boston Keratoprosthesis (Type I): visual prognosis and complications
Authors: DE LA PAZ M , STOIBER J , MICHAEL R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose to describe the functional results and sight threatening post‐operative complications of Type I Boston Keratoprosthesis.Methods retrospective descriptive study of Boston Keratoprosthesis patients from two European eye centers.Results A total of 66 eyes were included for analysis. Mean follow‐up time was 28 months. Majority of patients had more than 2 penetrating keratoplasties, primary clinical diagnosis are presented. Mean preoperative best corrected visual acuity was 2.05, mean best ever achieved post‐operative best corrected visual acuity was 1.16 and final mean postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 1.47 . The most common sight‐threatening complications were as follows: retroprosthetic membrane, retinal/choroidal detachment, infectious keratitis, endophthalmitis, peripheral retinal occlusive vasculitis and prosthesis extrusion. Management of complications are discussed.Conclusion 95 % retention rate with overall improvement in visual acuity demonstrates that Type I Boston Keratoprosthesis is a good alternative to cases of multiple graft failure due to various primary clinical diagnoses. Complications must be detected early on and managed accordingly to ensure success of the procedure.