bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Multicenter Trial of the Effects of Melanoma-Associated Helper Peptides and Cyclophosphamide on the Immunogenicity of a Multipeptide Melanoma Vaccine
Authors: Slingluff Craig L. , Petroni Gina R. , Chianese-Bullock Kimberly A. , Smolkin Mark E. , Ross Merrick I. , Haas Naomi B. , von Mehren Margaret , Grosh William W. 
Published: June 2011

PurposeThis multicenter randomized trial was designed to test whether melanoma-associated helper peptides augment CD8+T-cell responses to a melanoma vaccine and whether cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreatment augments CD4+or CD8+T-cell responses to that vaccine.Patients and MethodsIn all, 167 eligible patients with resected stage IIB to IV melanoma were randomly assigned to four vaccination study arms. Patients were vaccinated with 12 class I major histocompatibility complex–restricted melanoma peptides (12MP) to stimulate CD8+T cells and were randomly assigned to receive a tetanus helper peptide or a mixture of six melanoma-associated helper peptides (6MHP) to stimulate CD4+T cells. Before vaccination, patients were also randomly assigned to receive CY pretreatment or not. T-cell responses were assessed by an ex vivo interferon gamma ELISpot assay. Clinical outcomes and toxicities were recorded.ResultsVaccination with 12MP plus tetanus induced CD8+T-cell responses in 78% of patients and CD4+T-cell responses to tetanus peptide in 93% of patients. Vaccination with 12MP plus 6MHP induced CD8+responses in 19% of patients and CD4+responses to 6MHP in 48% of patients. CY had no significant effect on T-cell responses. Overall 3-year survival was 79% (95% CI, 71% to 86%), with no significant differences (at this point) by study arm.ConclusionMelanoma-associated helper peptides paradoxically decreased CD8+T-cell responses to a melanoma vaccine (P < .001), and CY pretreatment had no immunologic or clinical effect. Prior work showed immunologic and clinical activity of 6MHP alone. Possible explanations for negative effects on CD8 responses include modulation of homing receptor expression or induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells.
Chronic Immune Stimulation Might Act As a Trigger for the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. , Björkholm Magnus , Hultcrantz Malin , Derolf Åsa R. , Landgren Ola , Goldin Lynn R. 
Published: June 2011

Purpose Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) often present with infections, but there are little data to assess whether a personal history of selected infections may act as pathogenic triggers. To additionally expand our knowledge on the role of immune stimulation in the causation of AML and MDS, we have conducted a large, population-based study to evaluate the risk of AML and MDS associated with a prior history of a broad range of infections or autoimmune diseases. Patients and Methods By using population-based central registries in Sweden, we included 9,219 patients with AML, 1,662 patients with MDS, and 42,878 matched controls. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of AML or MDS with infectious and/or autoimmune diseases. Results Overall, a history of any infectious disease was associated with a significantly increased risk of both AML (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.4) and MDS (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5). These associations were significant even when we limited infections to those occurring 3 or more years before AML/MDS. A previous history of any autoimmune disease was associated with a 1.7-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 1.9) increased risk for AML and 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.6) increased risk for MDS. A large range of conditions were each significantly associated with AML and MDS. Conclusion Our novel findings indicate that chronic immune stimulation acts as a trigger for AML/MDS development. The underlying mechanisms may also be due to a common genetic predisposition or an effect of treatment for infections/autoimmune conditions.
Hedging and Vertical Integration in Electricity Markets
Authors: Aïd René , Chemla Gilles , Porchet Arnaud , Touzi Nizar 
Published: June 2011

This paper analyzes the interactions between competitive (wholesale) spot, retail, and forward markets and vertical integration in electricity markets. We develop an equilibrium model with producers, retailers, and traders to study and quantify the impact of forward markets and vertical integration on prices, risk premia, and retail market shares. We point out that forward hedging and vertical integration are two separate mechanisms for demand and spot price risk diversification that both reduce the retail price and increase retail market shares. We show that they differ in their impact on prices and firms' utility because of the asymmetry between production and retail segments. Vertical integration restores the symmetry between producers' and retailers' exposure to demand risk, whereas linear forward contracts do not. Vertical integration is superior to forward hedging when retailers are highly risk averse. We illustrate our analysis with data from the French electricity market.This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Selling to Strategic Consumers When Product Value Is Uncertain: The Value of Matching Supply and Demand
Authors: Swinney Robert 
Published: June 2011

We address the value of quick response production practices when selling to a forward-looking consumer population with uncertain, heterogeneous valuations for a product. Consumers have the option of purchasing the product early, before its value has been learned, or delaying the purchase decision until a time at which valuation uncertainty has been resolved. Whereas individual consumer valuations are uncertain ex ante, the market size is uncertain to the firm. The firm may either commit to a single production run at a low unit cost prior to learning demand, or commit to a quick response strategy that allows additional production after learning additional demand information. We find that the value of quick response is generally lower with strategic (forward-looking) customers than with nonstrategic (myopic) customers in this setting. Indeed, it is possible for a quick response strategy to decrease the profit of the firm, though whether this occurs depends on various characteristics of the market; specifically, we identify conditions under which quick response increases profit (when prices are increasing, when dissatisfied consumers can return the product at a cost to the firm) and conditions under which quick response may decrease profit (when prices are constant or when consumer returns are not allowed). This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations and supply chain management.
Neuropolitik und plastische Gehirne. Eine Fallstudie des adoleszenten Gehirns
Authors: Fricke Lutz , Choudhury Suparna 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Adolescent brain development has become an important target for governments to act upon, in the name of healthy individuals and economic prosperity. In the Foresight Project on Mental Capital and Wellbeing (MCW), initiated by the Government Office for Science, adolescent behaviour was identified as one of the key challenges for UK policy. The report draws on 'state of the art′ evidence from scientific experts, to recommend ways in which to 'capitalize′ on mental faculties to improve, boost, and make maximum use of the cognitive resources and mental health of individuals during the entire lifespan. Specifically, through a close analysis of the category of adolescence in cognitive neuroscience, we examine the perspective of personhood espoused by MCW. We show how the notion of 'plasticity′, which underpins the recommendations about how to make the most of adolescents′ developing brains and cognitive resources, creates vital linkages between neuroscience and neosocial policy.
Neuroökonomie und Neurokapitalismus. Am Beispiel des Vertrauens
Authors: Hartmann Martin 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The relatively young discipline of neuroeconomics has taken an interest in forms of interpersonal trust from its very inception in an attempt to correct one-dimensional overrationalistic pictures of homo economicus. This article analyzes the notion of trust as present in these studies, but also takes a look at typical philosophical ways of criticizing neuroscientific uses of everyday concepts such as trust that insist on their irreducible semantic complexity. It is suggested that these critical approaches are justified, but often underrate the extent to which everyday concepts change or modify their meaning under various social, economic and political pressures. If this is granted, it becomes possible to take a deepened look at the neuroeconomic concept of trust. While it is true that this concept is under the influence of an every_day concept of trust it can be shown that this everyday concept of trust gradually takes on a reduced economic twist. If this fact remains unrecognized neuroeconomics in particular and neuroscience in general can take on ideological functions in reflecting back to society a seemingly natural understanding of trust that is, in truth, highly shaped by economic forces.
Bestimmte Unbestimmbarkeit. Über die zweite Natur in der ersten und die erste Natur in der zweiten
Authors: Hogh Philip , König Julia 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The neuroscientific naturalism poses a challenge to any philosophical attempt to determine human nature. Although the neurosciences describe the cognitive capacities of human beings as something that is socially acquired, they lack adequate reflection on the social forms in which these capacities emerge and thereby tend to naturalize not only human beings, but society as a whole. In an attempt to find alternatives to the neuroscientific naturalism, the authors refer to the traditions of Critical Theory and psychoanalysis, which enable a different understanding of human nature. This is followed by the debate between Honneth and Whitebook on the question of an anti- or pre-social self, and in reference to Adorno and Lorenzer, the authors develop a concept of second nature that allows them to adhere to the dynamics of the material nature and sociality within the human subject.
James Fenimore Cooper on the Languages of the Americans: A Note on the Author's Footnotes
Authors: Schachterle Lance 
Published: June 2011

Lance Schachterle, "James Fenimore Cooper on the Languages of the Americans: A Note on the Author's Footnotes" (pp. 37–68)
James Fenimore Cooper scattered observations about the formation of a distinctive American language throughout such social analyses as Notions of the Americans (1828), Gleanings from Europe: England (1837) and The American Democrat (1838), arguing the need for Americans to establish mental independence from England in matters of language as well as politics and social structure. And many of the footnotes he added to his novels reinforce this message. "Twenty millions of people not only can make a word, but they can make a language, if it be needed," Cooper wrote in a burst of enthusiasm at the end of a footnote justifying Americanisms in his novel Satanstoe (1845). In this essay I investigate these authorial footnotes for evidence of words that Cooper defended as Americanisms necessary to comprehend the new topography and life-forms that Europeans were finding in the New World. Cooper found such words not only among older usages in English, but also in French, Dutch, and especially Native American adoptions—and even in some neologisms of his own. Unlike Charles Brockden Brown and John Adams, Cooper never advocated for a select elite like an academy to oversee the formation of the American language. The best practices among people like himself, "educated gentlemen of the middle states"—not the nasal tones and artificial rules of New Englanders like Noah Webster—would regulate the amelioration of American english. But he realized in the end that "the twenty millions…can make a language"; as he observed in Notions of the Americans, "when words once get fairly into use, their triumph affords a sufficient evidence of merit to entitle them to patronage."
The Prevalence, Severity, and Distribution of Childhood Food Allergy in the United States
Authors: Gupta Ruchi S. , Springston Elizabeth E. , Warrier Manoj R. , Smith Bridget , Kumar Rajesh , Pongracic Jacqueline , Holl Jane L. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to better estimate the prevalence and severity of childhood food allergy in the United States.METHODS:A randomized, cross-sectional survey was administered electronically to a representative sample of US households with children from June 2009 to February 2010. Eligible participants included adults (aged 18 years or older) able to complete the survey in Spanish or English who resided in a household with at least 1 child younger than 18 years. Data were adjusted using both base and poststratification weights to account for potential biases from sampling design and nonresponse. Data were analyzed as weighted proportions to estimate prevalence and severity of food allergy. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify characteristics significantly associated with outcomes.RESULTS:Data were collected for 40 104 children; incomplete responses for 1624 children were excluded, which yielded a final sample of 38 480. Food allergy prevalence was 8.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6–8.3). Among children with food allergy, 38.7% had a history of severe reactions, and 30.4% had multiple food allergies. Prevalence according to allergen among food-allergic children was highest for peanut (25.2% [95% CI: 23.3–27.1]), followed by milk (21.1% [95% CI: 19.4–22.8]) and shellfish (17.2% [95% CI: 15.6–18.9]). Odds of food allergy were significantly associated with race, age, income, and geographic region. Disparities in food allergy diagnosis according to race and income were observed.CONCLUSIONS:Findings suggest that the prevalence and severity of childhood food allergy is greater than previously reported. Data suggest that disparities exist in the clinical diagnosis of disease.
Adherence to Discharge Guidelines for Late-Preterm Newborns
Authors: Goyal Neera K. , Fager Corinne , Lorch Scott A. 
Published: June 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate trends in adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for early discharge of late-preterm newborns and to test the association between hospital characteristics and early discharge.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This study was a population-based cohort study using statewide birth-certificate and hospital-discharge data for newborns in California, Missouri, and Pennsylvania from 1993 to 2005. A total of 282 601 late-preterm newborns at 611 hospitals were included. Using logistic regression, we studied the association of early discharge with regional and hospital factors, including teaching affiliation, volume, and urban versus rural location, adjusting for patient factors.

RESULTS:
From 1995 to 2000, early discharge decreased from 71% of the sample to 40%. However, by 2005, 39% were still discharged early. Compared with Pennsylvania, California (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.95 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.03–7.04]), and Missouri (aOR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.26–1.93]) were associated with increased early discharge. Nonteaching hospitals were more likely than teaching hospitals to discharge patients early if they were uninsured (aOR: 1.91 [95% CI: 1.35–2.69]) or in a health maintenance organization plan (aOR: 1.40 [95% CI: 1.06–1.84]) but not patients with fee-for-service insurance (aOR: 1.04 [95% CI: 0.80–1.34]). A similar trend for newborns on Medicaid was not statistically significant (aOR: 1.77 [95% CI: 0.95–3.30]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite a decline in the late 1990s, early discharge of late-preterm newborns remains common. We observe differences according to state, hospital teaching affiliation, and patient insurance. Additional research on the safety and appropriateness of early discharge for this population is necessary.
Microcomputed Tomographic and Histologic Analysis of Animal Experimental Degree II Furcation Defects Treated With Porous Titanium Granules or Deproteinized Bovine Bone
Authors: Wohlfahrt Johan C. , Aass Anne M. , Rønold Hans J. , Heijl Lars , Haugen Håvard J. , Lyngstadaas Ståle P. 
Published: June 2011

Background: Titanium is an interesting material for osseous reconstruction given its thrombogenic properties. The aim of this study is to compare the potential of porous titanium granules (PTGs) with sham and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in the reconstructive treatment of surgically created buccal, degree II furcation defects in mini‐pigs.Methods: Buccal degree II furcation defects were surgically created in maxillary premolar teeth in adult, female, mini‐pigs and filled with PTG or DBBM or were left empty (sham). After 6 weeks of healing, pigs were euthanized. Teeth with defects were excised en bloc and analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology.Results: The histologic analysis showed significantly more vertical bone formation in both PTG and sham groups compared to DBBM‐treated defects (P <0.01). The microCT analysis showed significantly more bucco‐palatal bone formation in furcations treated with PTG compared to the DBBM and sham (P <0.05). Bucco‐palatal cylindrical microCT cores demonstrated a median defect fill of 96.8% for PTG‐implanted defects, which was significantly greater than sham (72.2%) and DBBM (62.0%) (P <0.001) treatments. Significantly more regenerated periodontal ligament was seen for sham than DBBM‐treated defects (P <0.05). Root resorption lacunae were small and infrequent and did not differ among groups.Conclusions: The results of this study in mini‐pigs suggest that PTG may integrate well in alveolar bone and supports osseous regrowth in degree II furcation defects. Moreover, PTG seems safe to use in close proximity to root surfaces. Clinical studies will be necessary to further explore these experimental animal findings.
Histologic Comparison of Healing After Ridge Preservation Using Human Demineralized Bone Matrix Putty With One Versus Two Different‐Sized Bone Particles
Authors: Hoang Tram N. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: June 2011

Background: Ridge preservation can minimize the loss of alveolar bone subsequent to tooth extraction in preparation for implant therapy. The purpose of this study is to histologically and clinically compare human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) putty with one size of bone particles (SPS) to human DBM putty with two different sizes of bone particles (multiple particle sizes [MPS]) in ridge preservation after molar extractions.Methods: Molar tooth extraction and ridge preservation were performed in 20 participants for each treatment group. Approximately 20 weeks after grafting, core biopsies were obtained during implant placement and analyzed under light microscopy. Specimens were analyzed for the percentage area of vital bone, residual graft particles, and non‐mineralized structures (connective tissue/other non‐mineralized tissue [CT]). Changes in alveolar ridge dimensions were also determined.Results: Sixteen participants in the SPS group and 14 in the MPS group completed the study. The SPS group had a mean of 49% vital bone, 8% residual graft, and 43% CT. The MPS group had 53%, 5%, and 42%, respectively. Patients in both groups lost a mean of <1 mm alveolar height on the buccal and lingual aspects and <1.5 mm of total ridge width. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for any clinical or histologic parameters.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that addition of larger bone particles to DBM putty does not offer additional benefit in the preservation of alveolar bone after the extraction of molar teeth.
Numerical Modeling of Multistranded-Hydraulic-Fracture Propagation: Accounting for the Interaction Between Induced and Natural Fractures
Authors: Dahi-Taleghani Arash , Olson Jon E. 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Recent examples of hydraulic-fracture diagnostic data suggest that complex, multistranded hydraulic-fracture geometry is a common occurrence. This reality is in stark contrast to the industry-standard design models based on the assumption of symmetric, planar, biwing geometry. The interaction between pre-existing natural fractures and the advancing hydraulic fracture is a key condition leading to complex fracture patterns. Performing hydraulic-fracture-design calculations under these less-than-ideal conditions requires modeling fracture intersections and tracking fluid fronts in the network of reactivated fissures. Whether a hydraulic fracture crosses or is arrested by a pre-existing natural fracture is controlled by shear strength and potential slippage at the fracture intersections, as well as potential debonding of sealed cracks in the near-tip region of a propagating hydraulic fracture. We present a complex hydraulic-fracture pattern propagation model based on the extended finite-element method (XFEM) as a design tool that can be used to optimize treatment parameters under complex propagation conditions. Results demonstrate that fracture-pattern complexity is strongly controlled by the magnitude of anisotropy of in-situ stresses, rock toughness, and natural-fracture cement strength, as well as the orientation of the natural fractures relative to the hydraulic fracture. Analysis shows that the growing hydraulic fracture may exert enough tensile and shear stresses on cemented natural fractures that the latter may be debonded, opened, and/or sheared in advance of hydraulic-fracture-tip arrival, while under other conditions, natural fractures will be unaffected by the hydraulic fracture. Detailed aperture distributions at the intersection between fracture segments show the potential for difficulty in proppant transport under complex fracture-propagation conditions.
Metal Partitioning in Ilmenite- and Barite-Based Drill Cuttings on Seabed Sections in a Mesocosm Laboratory
Authors: Schaanning Morten Thorne , Trannum Hilde Cecilie , Pinturier Laurence , Rye Henrik 
Published: June 2011

Summary
Ilmenite and barite minerals are alternative weight materials frequently used in drilling muds and are discharged to the marine environment. These minerals contain heavy metals that may become remobilized and available for uptake in biota after deposition in sediment. Several oil companies have jointly developed a model to predict the environmental risks associated with discharges of drill cuttings and mud to sea (DREAM). This model applies partition coefficients (Kd) for estimating heavy-metal concentrations in sediment and interstitial waters from which toxic impacts are derived. Kd depend on properties of both the particulate phase and the solute and consequently on local environmental conditions such as redox potential and pH. The literature displays Kd values ranging over several orders of magnitude, and it is a challenge and a major environmental issue to determine the most representative Kd values for drilling discharges in marine offshore areas.
An experiment was performed in box-core samples transferred from a fjord location to a marine soft-bottom mesocosm. Weight minerals and cuttings sampled from offshore drilling operations were added in thin layers on top of the fjord sediment in each box. During the next 3 months, the added layers were reworked by the naturally occurring benthic fauna. Environmental parameters such as dissolved oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and redox potentials were determined as well as metals in added solids, sediments, interstitial water, and fluxes across the sediment/ water interface.
Kd values were obtained for seven metals. To the extent that the experimental environment was able to mimic the offshore environment with respect to bioturbation and physicochemical gradients within the sediment surface, the Kd values obtained are considered relevant for modeling interstitial-water concentrations and toxicity in offshore cuttings deposits.