bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FC12-05 - Genetic effects on emotional network connectivity: FMRI study of healthy individuals
Authors: Surguladze S. , Radua J. , El Hage W. , Phillips M.L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIt has been previously shown that genes implicated in psychiatric disorders modulated Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect in brain regions. These studies add to the knowledge of vulnerability to disorders.ObjectivesThis study has investigated genetic modulation of brain networks associated with emotion processing.Aim of this study was to examine the effect of two genetic markers (5HTTLPR and COMT) on BOLD effect connectivity in healthy individuals.MethodsNinety-one participants participated in four fMRI experiments (at 3T), with dynamic facial expressions of fear, anger, sadness or happiness. We explored the effect of genetic polymorphisms on empirically defined brain network commonly associated with the responses to any emotional expressions. Connectivity was examined by means of Granger analysis allowing to estimate the directionality of information flow between the defined brain regions.ResultsPerception of dynamic emotional facial expressions was commonly associated with activation of the bilateral fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal sulcus, bilateral dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and right amygdala. The genetic modulation of this network was observed only in experiments with fearful facial expressions. There was an interaction between the effects of genetic polymorphisms and the measures of connectivity: (p = 0.0002, adjusted R2 = 18%). This was accounted for by lower connectivity in individuals lacking both copies of COMT Val polymorphism who at the same time lacked both copies of L polymorphism of 5HTTLPR gene.ConclusionsOur results clarify the mechanism of brain network reactivity to emotional signals that is associated with genetic polymorphisms.
FC13-05 - Is african ancestry a protective factor against suicide?
Authors: De Luca V. , Teo C. , Zai C. , Assadzadeh A. , Kennedy J.L. 
Published: May 2011

Suicide officially is causing approximately 30,000 deaths annually in the United States. Despite persisting socioeconomic and health disparities, African-Americans register suicide rates less than half that of Whites.This cross-sectional genetic study uses a sample of schizophrenia patients evaluated for presence of lifetime suicide attempt to assess whether African Ancestry self-reported and determined using informative SNP markers were associated with suicide attempt. Subjects were 233 White, African-American and Asian psychotic patients, whose suicidal behaviour was recorded at the time of the SCID.The African-American ancestry was estimated using the program STRUCTURE 2.1 using 102 HapMap markers across the genome including subjects from the HapMap Phase 3 in the analysis as reference populations. There were 51 suicide attempters and 182 non-attempters in the sample the estimated African ancestry considering three genetic clusters (k = 3) was 23% in the attempters and 24% in the non-attempters. This difference was not significant (p = 0.635). Genetic data disparities might not explain much of the Black-White suicide rate gap. This simple studys support the hypothesis that different rate in suicide between African-Americans and White Caucasians are due to cultural and social difference rather than genetic difference.
FC13-06 - The analysis of the reasons of suicide behaviour owing to family-sexual disharmonies
Authors: Butkova T. , Kibrik N. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveFamily-sexual disharmonies - are the frequent reasons of suicide behaviour. Design: Complex inspection of 62 patients, in the age from 18 years has been performed. In the anamnesis patients had suicide behaviour owing to family-sexual disharmonies.Results1.Age when suicide attempts have been accomplished. Middle age has made 31 ± 8,8 years; 20–29 years - 43% (27 person); 30-39 years - 39% (24 person). The other 11 person-were included into the age groups of 40–49, 50–59 years.2.The reasons of autoaggressive behaviour: Suicide attempts owing to divorce, ideas of matrimonial incorrectness - 52% (32 person).Owing to the unfair attitude from the nearest environment or a dissatisfaction with behaviour and personal qualities of significant another - 48% (30 person). Age features: For young age - unavailability of young spouses to home life, absence of tolerance and respect to each other. Average age group - a dissatisfaction with behaviour of the partner. The senior age group - somatic diseases, loneliness, loss of relatives 3. In 66% of cases (41 person) suicide had no in the anamnesis of mental diseases at relatives.ConclusionsThe primary goal at rendering the psychotherapeutic help - revealing and correction of non adaptive installations of the person. Formation of confidential and empathic attitudes in family. It has been confirmed correlation analysis between partners′ satisfaction attitudes, personal characteristics suicident. It is necessary to raise availability of the information on various aspects of sexual health, psychohygiene of intimate relations.
FC14-03 - First results of the compas group (comparison of methylphenidate and psychotherapy in adult ADHD study)
Authors: Philipsen A. , Graf E. , Tebartz van Elst L. , Jans T. , Colla M. , Sobanski E. , Alm B. , Jacob C. , Rösler M. , Matthies S. , Kis B. , Huss M. , Lieb K. , Schlander M. , Berger M. ,   COMPAS Group
Published: May 2011

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious risk factor for co-occurring psychiatric disorders and negative psychosocial consequences in adulthood. Given this background, there is great need for an effective treatment of adult ADHD patients.Therefore, our research group has conducted a first controlled randomized multicenter study on the evaluation of disorder-tailored DBT-based group program in adult ADHD compared to a psychophar-macological treatment.Between 2007 and 2010, in a four-arm-design 433 patients were randomized to a manualized dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) based group program plus methylphenidate or placebo or clinical management plus methylphenidate or placebo with weekly sessions in the first twelve weeks and monthly sessions thereafter. Therapists are graduated psychologists or physicians. Treatment integrity is established by independent supervision. Primary endpoint (ADHD symptoms measured by the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale) is rated by interviewers blind to the treatment allocation (Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54096201). The trial is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (01GV0606) and is part of the German network for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults (ADHD-NET). In the lecture the first data of our interim analysis are presented (baseline data, results of treatment compliance and adherence).
FC16-05 - Efficacy of social cognitive remediation in schizophrenia patients: a meta-analysis including 22 RCTS
Authors: Mueller D.R. , Schmidt S.J. , Roder V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionToday there is an increased interest from clinicians and researchers in social cognition as a treatment objective for schizophrenia patients.ObjectivesDuring the last years, several new Social Cognitive Remediation (SCR) approaches were developed. SCR directly intervene in individual or multiple social cognitive domains declared by the NIMH-MATRICES-Initiative. Some of these approaches integrate social cognitive interventions with therapeutic components intended to ameliorate neurocognitive and social skills or with work rehabilitation.AimsUntil today no quantitative review to evaluate the efficacy of SCR has been presented.Methods22 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and included in a meta-analysis. Based on the outcome variables from each study, effect sizes (ES) between SCR and control groups were calculated.ResultsOver an average length of more than 20 weeks a significant global therapy effect of SCR compared to controls was evident (average ES of all conducted variables). Significant effects were found in the proximal outcome addressing social cognition and specifically in the domains of emotional processes, social perception and ToM. Additionally, the neurocognitive area showed significant evidence of amelioration compared with the control groups. More distal effects were found for psychopathology and social functioning. The global therapy effect could be maintained during a mean follow-up period of 10 months. The setting, the type of control groups and the type of intervention in the experimental group were identified as moderators.ConclusionsThe results support strong empirical evidence that SCR has a broad effect on various areas of functioning and symptoms relevant in schizophrenia.
FC18-04 - Cue-induced brain activation mediates subsequent relapse in abstinent alcohol-dependent patients
Authors: Beck A. , Wüstenberg T. , Wrase-Post J. , Schlagenhauf F. , Vollstädt-Klein S. , Hermann D. , Smolka M.N. , Ruf M. , Weber-Fahr W. , Flor H. , Mann K. , Braus D.F. , Heinz A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn alcoholism, one relevant mechanism contributing to relapse is the exposure to stimuli that are associated with alcohol intake. Such conditioned cues can elicit conditioned responses like alcohol craving and consumption. In the last decade, considerable progress has been made in identifying basic neuronal mechanisms that underlie cue-induced alcohol craving.Objectives/ aimsWe explored whether functional brain activation during exposure to alcohol-associated stimuli is related to the prospective relapse risk in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients.Methods46 alcohol-dependent and 46 healthy volunteers participated in a fMRI study using a cue reactivity paradigm, in which visual alcohol-related and control stimuli were presented. Patients were followed for 3 months. Afterwards data was analysed regarding the subsequent relapse, resulting in 16 abstainers and 30 relapsers.ResultsAlcohol-related versus neutral stimuli activated a frontocortical-limbic network including inferior, medial and middle frontal gyrus as well as putamen in the group of patients relative to healthy controls. Moreover, abstainers showed a stronger activation in orbitofrontal cortex as well as midbrain during the presentation of alcohol-related cues whereas relapsers revealed a stronger activation of cingulate gyrus.ConclusionsThis study suggests that cue-induced activation of orbitofrontal cortex and dopaminergic innervated midbrain is negatively associated with the prospective relapse risk in alcohol-dependent patients. This could indicate a more pronounced and conscious processing of alcohol cues which might serve as a warning signal and a behavioural controlling function. In contrast, prospective relapsers showed a stronger activation of cingulate gyrus, a region involved in the attribution of motivational value.
FC20-03 - Motives for khat use and abstinence in yemen - a gender perspective
Authors: Wedegaertner F. , Al-Warith H. , Hillemacher T. , te Wildt B. , Schneider U. , Bleich S. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundKhat consumption is widespread in Yemeni society and causes problems both in economic development and public health. The gender-specific motives for khat use and abstinence were studied to create a toe-hold for more specific interventions.MethodsIn a sample with equal numbers of males, females, abstainers and consumers, 320 subjects were interviewed on their specific opinions about khat and its impact on subjective and public health, and on social and community functioning. Strata were compared in their acceptance and denial of opinions. Notions that could predict abstinence status or gender were identified with multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsMale khat users had a strong identification with khat use, while females were more ambivalent. The notion that khat consumption is a bad habit (odds ratio (OR) 3.4) and consumers are malnuorished (OR 2.2) were associated with female gender among khat users. Among the females worries about health impact (OR 3.2) and loss of esteem in the family (OR 3.1) when using khat predicted abstinence. Male abstainers opposed khat users in the belief that khat is the cause of social problems (OR 5.1).ConclusionsDistinct beliefs allow a differentiation between males, females, khat users and abstainers when targeting preventive measures. In accordance to their specific values female khat users are most ambivalent towards their habit. Positive opinions scored lower than expected in the consumers. Public opinion towards khat may have become slightl more negative in recent years. This finding creates a strong toe-hold for gender-specific public health interventions.
FC21-06 - Schizophrenia after the 1941 farhud (a pogrom in IRAQ); a study of 6,781 IRAQI-born men and women observed as parents in the jerusalem cohort
Authors: Harlap S. , Antonius D. , Kleinhaus K. , Perrin M. , Lichtenberg P. , Manor O. , Malaspina D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMaternal stress during pregnancy has been associated with schizophrenia in some settings with evidence suggesting that male and female offspring might be affected differently.Objectives/aimsIn an outbreak of violence in 1941, at least 180 Jews died in Baghdad; rapes, beatings and property damage injured hundreds more in other towns. We questioned whether this stress might be reflected in any change in schizophrenia incidence in people born in 1941.MethodsWe studied admissions to psychiatric hospitals in 39,606 men and 41,208 women, parents of the population-based Jerusalem cohort. We used proportional hazards models to estimate relative incidence of schizophrenia in various groups, over time. Subjects were followed from age in 1950 or immigration, till age at first hospital admission, death or 2004. Schizophrenia was defined by discharge diagnosis, ICD-10 = F20–F29 at any hospital event. Models controlled for secular and cyclic time trends.ResultsFor all years combined, the 3,679 male immigrants from Iraq showed a schizophrenia incidence similar to other men (relative risk RR = 0.92, 95% confidence limits 0.67–1.26). But for 141 men born in Iraq in 1941, RR = 4.12 (1.67–10.2, p = .0021 based on 6 cases), compared with men from Iraq born in all other years. Among other men, RR for 1941 births was 1.21 (0.78–1.88,). Women from Iraq showed no significant findings.ConclusionsThese findings enlarge on long-term consequences of ethnic violence. They raise intriguing questions about the relative resilience of the sexes, but should be interpreted cautiously, given that all subjects in this cohort had been able to reproduce.
FC22-05 - Effectiveness of a home aftercare service for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A 12-month randomized controlled study
Authors: Sharifi V. , Tehranidoost M. , Yunesian M. , Amini H. , Mohammadi M. , Jalali Roudsari M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe revolving door phenomenon of hospitalization and relapse is very common among psychiatric patients in Iran.ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a home aftercare service for patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.MethodsPatients admitted to Roozbeh hospital (Tehran, Iran) were consecutively enrolled and were randomized into the home aftercare service and the treatment-as-usual groups. In the home aftercare group, multidisciplinary teams made home visits on a monthly basis that provided education and treatment. The treatment-as-usual group received the existing services. All patients were followed one year after discharge in 4-month intervals in which data about rehospitalisations, symptoms, functioning, quality of life, and service satisfaction were obtained.ResultsA total of 130 patients were enrolled (70 with bipolar disorder and 60 with schizophrenia) and were randomized to receive either home aftercare (66) or treatment-as usual (64). Home aftercare led to greater reduction in mean rehospitalization rate in the follow-up (0.4 in home care vs 0.07 in TAU, p = 0.011). Moreover, patients in the home care group had more improvement in psychotic symptoms (p = 0.003), depressive symptoms (p = 0.003), and clinical global impression of illness severity (p = 0.008), as well as greater patient satisfaction with the service (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, home aftercare and bipolar diagnosis were associated with less rehopsitalization.ConclusionsHome aftercare is an effective service for patients with severe mental disorders after being discharged from the hospital. Its implementation in aftercare services is suggested.
FC23-06 - Analysis of outpatient care received by over 780,000 statutory health insured individuals diagnosed with depression
Authors: Kocalevent R.D. , Bönisch S. , Mergl R. , Matschinger H. , Wimmer-Brunauer C. , Tauscher M. , Kramer D. , Hegerl U. , Bramesfeld A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionFormer studies show low treatment rates of outpatients with a diagnosis of depression. Various characteristics influence these treatment rates.Objectives/aimsTo examine the effects of individual and regional characteristics on getting depression-specific treatment in the federal state of Bavaria.MethodsOutpatient treatment for depression as well as individual and regional characteristics of outpatients diagnosed with depression were analyzed based on secondary data from the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Bavaria in 2006 (N = 780,226). Depression-specific treatment was classified in “Threshold” and “Subthreshold” treatment according to its intensity. Descriptive analyses were followed by logistic regression analysis (STATA, PASW).ResultsMore than half of the patients diagnosed with depression did not use any depression-specific treatment within one year. Individual factors which heighten the rates of a depression-specific treatment were female gender, middle age, a moderate or severe depression, a psychiatric comorbidity and no somatic comorbidity. Interestingly, living in a more rural area increased the chance of using “Threshold” treatment.ConclusionsThe knowledge about the influence of individual characteristics on getting a depression-specific treatment is important to reach the risk groups. A possible reason for higher rates of “Threshold” treatment in rural areas is the higher rate of pharmacotherapy in rural areas, which was more often classified as “Threshold” treatment than psychotherapy according to our classification.
FC28-05 - Prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and challenging behaviours in a community based population of individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: Grey I. , McClean B. , MacAuley N. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPrevious research has suggested substantial variation in prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in individuals with intellectual disability and also differential patterns of associations between psychiatric disorders and challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to determine with the prevalence rate of specific psychiatric disorders and challenging behaviours and the relationship between them in a community based sample of individuals with intellectual disability.MethodA community based sample of 159 adults primarily with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities was surveyed for the presence of psychiatric disorders and challenging behaviour using the Behaviour Problem Inventory (BPI) and the Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (PAS-ADD). Individuals who met threshold on the PAS-ADD were subsequently evaluated using the Mini- PAS-ADD Interview.ResultsScreening for psychiatric disorder using the PAS-ADD indicated a prevalence rate of 10%. There was a large discrepancy between the overall rate of challenging behaviour (45%) and the rate of psychiatric disorders identified by the Mini PAS-ADD Interview (6%). However, the rate of more severe behaviour problems (8%) was closer to the rate of psychiatric disorders (6%). Thirty one percent of people with severe challenging behaviours also were rated as having psychiatric disorders and odd ratio analysis indicates that individuals with severe challenging behaviour are substantially more likely to present with a psychiatric disorder. However, there does not appear to be a relationship between different topographies of challenging behaviour and discrete diagnostic categories of psychiatric disorder.
FC28-06 - ADHD in elderly. First data from a dutch epidemiological cohort (LASA study)
Authors: Kooij J.J.S. ,   LASA Study Group, VUmc Amsterdam
Published: May 2011

IntroductionADHD occurs in 3–5% of children and adults. Yet little is known about ADHD in elderly.ObjectivesTo review the literature and to present first Dutch epidemiological data on ADHD in elderly (VUmc/LASA and PsyQ).AimsThe study aims to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in eldery and to correlate symptoms of ADHD with comorbidity patterns, cognitive decline and somatic disorders. This knowledge may help predict the future of the current group of adults with ADHD.MethodsThe Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) included a selfreport questionnaire for ADHD in 2009 in around 1500 elderly, aged 63–94 years. From those with low, intermediate and high scores, a random sample was interviewed using the DIVA, a structured Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (N = 234).ResultsFirst data on prevalence of ADHD in elderly in the general Dutch population will be discussed. The long term consequences of the persistence of the disorder in adults and elderly, and the impact for the organisation of treatment of this lifespan disorder will be reviewed.ConclusionsThe continuity of ADHD symptoms and impairment from childhood into to old age, may pose psychiatric services for important questions like the usefulness of separate treatment facilities for different age groups in case of a lifespan disorder like ADHD.
FC31-03 - There is no place for them
Authors: García J.A. , Raya A.S. , del Arco E.S. 
Published: May 2011

PresentationThe example of a real case with autism opens the eyes to us and denounces the current lack of centers and services as well as of certain treatments and programs personalized of psycho-social-health intervention.Remarks--Its problems is promoted by the problematic ones of other interns--Its problems is promoted in environments designed for persons with problems of social adaptation.--The promotion of its problems increases the high place conduct, and the highest, risk for its life and that of the others--The promotion of its problems increases the suffering--The promotion of its problems increases the deployment of resources and social expenseConclusions--They are not delinquents--They are not in court order--They do not come from the social services--They do not have intellectual disability--They have need for specializing professional attentionThey have need for temporary income of average or long stay but THERE IS NO PLACE ADAPTED TO THEM