bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proto‐Design: Architecture's Primordial Soup and the Quest for Units of Synthetic Life
Authors: Oxman Neri 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAt the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Neri Oxman is engaged on the Material‐Based Computation project. It takes an approach that can be regarded as analogous to protocells. It places a similar emphasis on material properties as intermediary agents for the built environment, containing the information for behaviour and evolution. Here she outlines three methods that define her research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Back to the Future
Authors: Preissner Paul 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPaul Preissner provides a typological prototype for the protocell, the Protocell Tower. Does it, however, already look familiar? Though a breathtaking chemical innovation, could protocell technology actually be behind the curve of architecture? Could it be that architects have already been playing with the aesthetics of this unrealised matter for the last 15 years? Preissner suggests some urban approaches that might enable us to use protocells to rejuvenate existing architecture. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AVATAR and the Politics of Protocell Architecture
Authors: Clear Nic 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe Advanced Virtual and Technological Architecture Research Laboratory (AVATAR) was founded in 2004 at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London (UCL). The original remit was to provide a forum for staff and their units to exchange and share their explorations into the digital and visceral terrain. With Neil Spiller's appointment in September 2011 as Dean of the School of Architecture and Construction at the University of Greenwich, the centre of research has shifted south to Greenwich. Here, one of the principle proponents of AVATAR, Nic Clear describes why, given the present economic and political situation, Protocell Architecture has provided the group with such a fecund field of research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZrCSiC Materials from the Polymer‐Derived Ceramics Route
Authors: Pizon David , Lucas Romain , Foucaud Sylvie , Maître Alexandre 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA method to manufacture composites ZrCSiCp using a polymer‐derived ceramic route for SiC is reported. The key point of this approach was the use of SiC precursor polymers synthesized from a vinylsilane monomer, to enhance organic–inorganic interactions between ZrC mineral phase and the polymer. The results were compared with a commercial polycarbosilane, the polycarbomethylsilane. After heat treatment until 1400 °C, XRD analysis indicated the formation of a β‐SiC phase in presence of ZrC. SEM observations emphasized the role of the polymer structure on the final microstructure. The mechanisms of thermal and chemical cross‐linking were investigated, as well as the thermal behaviour of polymers.
On the Atomic Anisotropy of Thermal Expansion in Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Qu Dongdong , Liss Klaus‐Dieter , Yan Kun , Reid Mark , Almer Jonathan D. , Wang Yanbo , Liao Xiaozhou , Shen Jun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGlass transition temperature and plastic yield strength are known to be correlated in metallic glasses. We have observed by in situ synchrotron high energy X‐ray diffraction anisotropy of the thermal expansion behavior in the nearest neighbor and second nearest neighbor atomic distances in the building blocks of ZrCuNiAl based bulk metallic glass, leading inevitably to shear. Mechanical yielding of the latter on the atomic scale leads to the glass transition and the increase of the free volume. These experimental results uncover the mechanism, how glass transition and yield strength are linked.
Preceramic Paper Derived Alumina/Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Gutbrod Björn , Haas Daniel , Travitzky Nahum , Greil Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPreceramic paper offers a novel approach for manufacturing of lightweight ceramic structures applying versatile paper shaping technologies. Substitution of bioorganic pulp fibers in alumina loaded preceramic paper by inorganic short zirconia fibers was investigated. A retention of more than 90 wt% was achieved by a combination of cationic and anionic retention aids. Powder packing density in the paper sheet decreased with increasing amount of non‐deformable zirconia fibers used to substitute highly deformable pulp fibers. Applying post‐pressing, however, resulted in a pronounced improvement of packing density while retaining excellent flexibility and strength of the preceramic paper preform. Thus, preceramic paper containing a zirconia fiber volume fraction of 19% sintered at 1 600 °C attained a rupture strength measured by ball‐on‐three‐balls loading of 120 ± 17 MPa (porosity 44%) which after pressure consolidation of the paper increased to 180 ± 49 MPa (porosity 28%).
An experimental investigation of nucleate pool boiling in aqueous solutions of a polymer
Authors: Athavale A. D. , Manglik R. M. , Jog M. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNucleate boiling characteristics of aqueous solutions of hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC QP‐300; M ∼ 600 kg/mol) in different concentrations (1.0 × 10−9 ≤ C ≤ 4.0 × 10−9 mol/cc) are reported. These are viscous non‐Newtonian, shear‐thinning solutions that also display interfacial tension relaxation, which has both a concentration‐dependent and temporal behavior; surface wetting increases as well, as measured by the reduction of contact angle. The measured pool boiling heat transfer from an electrically heated horizontal cylinder in C = 1.0 × 10−9 mol/cc aqueous solution is found to be enhanced by ∼20% over the entire heat flux range (4.0 < q < 200 kW/m2). In higher concentration solutions, however, heat transfer degrades at low heat fluxes (incipience and partial boiling) with subsequent enhancement (∼45% maximum) at high heat fluxes or in the fully‐developed nucleate boiling regime. This anomalous boiling behavior in the two regimes, characterized by respectively different ebullience signatures, is shown to be scaled with changes in the liquid‐solid interface wetting, vapor‐liquid interfacial tension, and shear‐thinning viscosity of the polymeric solutions. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Familial prion disease with alzheimer disease‐like tau pathology and clinical phenotype
Authors: Jayadev Suman , Nochlin David , Poorkaj Parvoneh , Steinbart Ellen J. , Mastrianni James A. , Montine Thomas J. , Ghetti Bernardino , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Bird Thomas D. , Leverenz James B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the Alzheimer disease (AD)‐like clinical and pathological features, including marked neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology, of a familial prion disease due to a rare nonsense mutation of the prion gene (PRNP).MethodsLongitudinal clinical assessments were available for the proband and her mother. After death, both underwent neuropathological evaluation. PRNP was sequenced after failure to find immunopositive Aβ deposits in the proband and the documentation of prion protein (PrP) immunopositive pathology.ResultsThe proband presented at age 42 years with a 3‐year history of progressive short‐term memory impairment and depression. Neuropsychological testing found impaired memory performance, with relatively preserved attention and construction. She was diagnosed with AD and died at age 47 years. Neuropathologic evaluation revealed extensive limbic and neocortical NFT formation and neuritic plaques consistent with a Braak stage of VI. The NFTs were immunopositive, with multiple tau antibodies, and electron microscopy revealed paired helical filaments. However, the neuritic plaques were immunonegative for Aβ, whereas immunostaining for PrP was positive. The mother of the proband had a similar presentation, including depression, and had been diagnosed clinically and pathologically as AD. Reevaluation of her brain tissue confirmed similar tau and PrP immunostaining findings. Genetic analysis revealed that both the proband and her mother had a rare PRNP mutation (Q160X) that resulted in the production of truncated PrP.InterpretationWe suggest that PRNP mutations that result in a truncation of PrP lead to a prolonged clinical course consistent with a clinical diagnosis of AD and severe AD‐like NFTs. Ann Neurol 2010;
Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction of the Detailed Ear Structures, Identified in Sectioned Images
Authors: Jang Hae Gwon , Chung Min Suk , Shin Dong Sun , Park Seung Kyu , Cheon Keun Soo , Park Hyo Seok , Park Jin Seo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSurface model of semicircular ducts and utricle. See Figure 3, Column B Row E (bottom right panel) in Jang et al., on page 562, in this issue.
Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation Into Spinal Cord Prolongs the Survival of Mutant SOD1G93A ALS Rats Through Neuroprotection and Remyelination
Authors: Li Ying , Bao Jianling , Khatibi Nikan H. , Chen Lin , Wang Hongmei , Duan Yaokui , Huang Hongyun , Zhou Changman 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressively fatal, incurable, neurodegenerative disorder. In this study, we investigated whether olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) transplantation could provide protection to motor neurons and enable remyelination in mutant SOD1G93A transgenic rats with ALS. Seventy‐two rats were divided into four groups: SOD1G93A rats (n = 20); medium+SOD1G93A rats (n = 20); OECs+SOD1G93A rats (n = 24); and another eight wild‐type rats were used as controls. About 5 μL (1 × 105) OECs in DF12 medium was injected into the dorsal funiculus of the thoracic spinal cord at a predetermined depth. Survival analysis revealed a significant increase in the survival time in OEC+SOD1G93A rats. Body weight records and inclined board test showed a significant difference between OEC+SOD1G93A and SOD1G93A from the onset at 7 days to 11 days (P < 0.05). Four weeks following transplantation, motor neuron counts in the ventral horn of the spinal cord noted a significant motor neuron loss in SOD1G93A rats when compared with wild‐type rats (P < 0.001), and much less neuronal loss and collapse was noted in OEC+SOD1G93A rats when compared with SOD1G93A rats(P < 0.001); immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of choline acetyltransferase supported the motor neuron count. Images of confocal microscope indicated that the transplanted OECs had survived for more than 4 weeks and migrated 4.2 mm through the spinal cord. Evidence of remyelination of transplanted OEC was captured with triple fluorescence labeling of green fluorescent protein, neurofilament, and myelin basic protein and was further confirmed by Western blot analysis of MPB. In conclusion, the transplanted OECs could serve as a source of neuroprotection and remyelination to modify the ALS microenvironment. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of head tissue‐specific exposure from mobile phones based on measurements in the homogeneous SAM head
Authors: Gosselin Marie‐Christine , Kühn Sven , Crespo‐Valero Pedro , Cherubini Emilio , Zefferer Marcel , Christ Andreas , Kuster Niels 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe maximum spatial peak exposure of each commercial mobile phone determined in compliance with the relevant safety and product standards is publicly available. However, this information is not sufficient for epidemiological studies aiming to correlate the use of mobile phones with specific cancers or to behavioral alterations, as the dominant location of the exposure may be anywhere in the head between the chin to above the ear, depending on the phone design. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to determine tissue‐specific exposure by expanding the post‐processing of the measured surface or volume scans using standardized compliance testing equipment, that is, specific absorption rate (SAR) scanners. The transformation matrix was developed using the results from generic dipoles to evaluate the relation between the SAR in many brain regions of the Virtual Family anatomical phantoms and in virtual brain regions mapped onto the homogeneous SAM head. A set of transformation factors was derived to correlate the SAR induced in the SAM head to the SAR in the anatomical heads. The evaluation included the uncertainty associated with each factor, arising from the anatomical differences between the phantoms (typically less than 6 dB (4×)). The applicability of these factors was validated by performing simulations of four head models exposed to four realistic mobile phone models. The new methodology enables the reliable determination of the maximum and averaged exposure of specific tissues and functional brain regions to mobile phones when combined with mobile phone power control data, and therefore greatly strengthens epidemiological evaluations and improves information for the consumer. Bioelectromagnetics 32:493–505, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasmid DNA production for pharmaceutical use: Role of specific growth rate and impact on process design
Authors: Bohle K. , Ross A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractApplication of plasmid DNA as pharmaceutical to be used in gene therapy and vaccination has been investigated intensively in recent years. To be able to provide sufficient material that is in accordance with quality of pharmaceutical grade it is mandatory to gain comprehensive process knowledge which is even requested by regulatory agencies. Regarding plasmid DNA production the specific growth rate has been identified as one of the key parameters. The reduction of specific growth rate results in an increase of plasmid DNA formation. However, quantitative explanations that allow for efficient process development and design are still missing. The presented study proposes a model that clearly demonstrates the relationship between specific growth rate and plasmid formation due to identification of the specific plasmid production rate as relevant key parameter. In addition the model is proved to serve as a useful tool in process development and design. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2099–2106. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1‐Amino‐1‐hydrazino‐2,2‐dinitroethene and Corresponding Salts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermolysis Studies
Authors: Gao Haixiang , Joo Young‐Hyuk , Parrish Damon A. , Vo Thao , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSynthesis, characterization, and thermolysis studies of 1‐amino‐1‐hydrazino‐2,2‐dinitroethene (2) and salts thereof are reported. These compounds have been fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density, and impact sensitivity measurements. Compound 2 decomposes at 124.5 °C (DSC) and the salts decompose over the range 138.6–181.6 °C, thus showing higher thermostability. The calculated detonation pressures (P) for these salts range from 27.2 to 37.8 GPa, and detonation velocities (vD) fall between 8424 to 9482 m s−1; these properties make them competitive energetic materials.
Copper(I)‐Containing Ionic Liquids for High‐Rate Electrodeposition
Authors: Brooks Neil R. , Schaltin Stijn , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Meervelt Luc , Binnemans Koen , Fransaer Jan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNew metal‐containing ionic liquids [Cu(CH3CN)n][Tf2N] (n=2, 4; Tf2N=bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)‐ amide) have been synthesised and used as a non‐aqueous electrolyte for the electrodeposition of copper at current densities greater than 25 A dm−2. The tetrahedral copper(I)‐containing cation in [Cu(CH3CN)4][Tf2N] is structurally analogous to quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids and overcomes problems of metal solubility and mass transport. Two CH3CN ligands are removed at elevated temperatures to give [Cu(CH3CN)2][Tf2N], which can be used as a concentrated non‐aqueous electrolyte. The structural and electrochemical characterisation of these compounds is described herein.
ChemInform Abstract: Strontium Magnesium Phosphate, Sr2+xMg3‐xP4O15 (x ≈ 0.36), from Laboratory X‐Ray Powder Data.
Authors: Hong Jung‐Hwa , Song Seung‐Wan , Hong Seung‐Tae 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of SrCO3, MgO, and (NH4)2HPO4 (air, 1303 K, 4 h and 1323 K, 4 h, 90% yield) and its structure is determined by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallo‐chemical Evolution of the La2ZnTiO6 Double Perovskite upon Reduction: A Structural Study.
Authors: Aguadero A. , Alonso J. A. , Martinez‐Lope M. J. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPolycrystalline, white La2ZnTiO6 is synthesized from citrate precursors followed by annealing in air at 1150 °C (2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural, Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Nd‐Doped Co2Z‐Type Hexaferrites.
Authors: Xu Jijing , Ji Guijuan , Zou Haifeng , Zhou Yuan , Gan Shucai 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe compounds Ba3‐xNdxCo2Fe24O41 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25) are synthesized by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of Fe2O3, Co2O3, BaCO3, and Nd2O3 (air, 1250 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Isothermal Section of the Ag2S—PbS—GeS2 System at 300 K and the Crystal Structure of Ag2PbGeS4.
Authors: Kogut Yu. , Fedorchuk A. , Zhbankov O. , Romanyuk Ya. , Kityk I. , Piskach L. , Parasyuk O. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhase equilibria in the title system are determined at 300 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic‐Liquid Synthesis Route of TiO2(B) Nanoparticles for Functionalized Materials.
Authors: Wessel Claas , Zhao Liang , Urban Sven , Ostermann Rainer , Djerdj Igor , Smarsly Bernd M. , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Sallard Sebastien 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSingle‐phase TiO2 (B) nanoparticles are synthesized from TiCl4 and water in a mixture of 1‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at 95 °C (14 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Neither Electron‐Precise nor in Accordance with Wade—Mingos Rules: The Ternary Cluster Anion [Ni2Sn7Bi5]3‐.
Authors: Lips Felicitas , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: March 2011

Abstract[K([2.2.2]crypt)]3 [Ni2Sn7Bi5]·1.8en·2toluene is prepared from a suspension of [K([2.2.2]crypt)]2[Sn2Bi2]·en and Ni(cod)2 in en (room temperature, 3 h) followed by toluene layering (2 d, 15% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Diarylmethanols from Aryl Bromides and Aldehydes by Using Organolithium Reagents.
Authors: Nakagawa Yuya , Muramatsu Yusuke , Harada Toshiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe primarily formed aryllithium compounds are transmetalated to give mixed titanium complexes which undergo highly enantioselective addition reactions with aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrocarboxylation of Unactivated Internal Alkynes with Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by Dinuclear Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Tsukada Naofumi , Takahashi Atsushi , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA dinuclear Pd‐complex is found to be an efficient catalyst for the addition reaction of carboxylic acids to internal alkynes to give trans‐adducts as sole or major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry and Reactivity of F‐ and H‐Vinyldiazocarbonyl Compounds and Their Phosphazines: Synthesis of Pyrazoles and Pyridazines.
Authors: Supurgibekov Murat B. , Zakharova Valerija M. , Sieler Jochim , Nikolaev Valerij A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe difference in the reactivity of alkyl and perfluoroalkyl substituted diazoketones, vinyldiazoacetates, and their phosphazenes with respect to cyclization to pyrazoles and pyridazines is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Functionalized Primary and Secondary Amines with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides: Two Ligands Suffice in Most Cases.
Authors: Maiti Debabrata , Fors Brett P. , Henderson Jaclyn L. , Nakamura Yoshinori , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA broad range of primary and secondary amines is arylated with functionalized aryl‐ and heteroaryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Coordination‐Directed N‐Selective Stereospecific Alkylation of 2‐Pyridones, Carbamates, and Amides Using α‐Halocarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Fang Yuan‐Qing , Bio Matthew M. , Hansen Karl B. , Potter Matthew S. , Clausen Andrew 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA highly efficient synthetic method for the stereoselective N‐alkylation of substituted 2‐pyridones, amides, and carbamates using chiral carboxylic acids in the presence of a mixture of potassium tert‐butylate and magnesium tert‐butylate is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reductive Aldol Reaction of Enones to Ketones Catalyzed by Halogenotin Hydride.
Authors: Shibata Ikuya , Tsunoi Shinji , Sakabe Kumiko , Miyamoto Shinji , Kato Hirofumi , Nakajima Hideto , Yasuda Makoto , Baba Akio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSiH2Ph2 and alcohol promoted reductive aldol reactions of the enone (I) with ketones are carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of SnHClBu2 (SnH2Bu2/SnCl2Bu2) to give the corresponding β‐hydroxy ketones in a highly chemo‐ and diastereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation with Organoboron Reagents.
Authors: Levin Vitalij V. , Dilman Alexander D. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTrifluoromethyl borate salt (II) is found to be an efficient reagent for the trifluoromethylation of non‐enolizable aldehydes, N‐tosylimines and iminium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydration of Propargyl Acetates Assisted by a Neighboring Carbonyl Group: Access to α‐Acyloxy Methyl Ketones and Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Actinopolymorphol B.
Authors: Ghosh Nayan , Nayak Sanatan , Sahoo Akhila K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the presence of AuCl(PPh3)/AgSbF6, propargyl esters undergo simple, mild, and efficient hydration to give a wide range of α‐acyloxy methyl ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed [7 + 1] Cycloaddition of Buta‐1,3‐dienylcyclopropanes and CO for the Synthesis of Cyclooctadienones.
Authors: Yao Zhong‐Ke , Li Jianjun , Yu Zhi‐Xiang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSynthetically challenging eight‐membered carbocycles are prepared and a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic substituents is tolerated.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroreduction of Organic Compounds. Part 37. Electroreduction of 1,4‐Dichlorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Voss Juergen , Baum Werner , Adiwidjaja Gunadi , Behrens Ulrich 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral 1,4‐dichlorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2‐carboxamides (V) are synthesized as potential precursors for the electrochemical synthesis of [2.2.2]propellanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct, One‐Pot Reductive Alkylation of Anilines with Functionalized Acetals Mediated by Triethylsilane and TFA. Straightforward Route for Unsymmetrically Substituted Ethylenediamine.
Authors: Righi Marika , Bedini Annalida , Piersanti Giovanni , Romagnoli Federica , Spadoni Gilberto 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new, efficient, and chemoselective method to prepare unsymmetrical ethylenediamines and propylenediamines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric Chiral Amino Alcohols: Their Usage as Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Opening of Epoxide Ring.
Authors: Turgut Yilmaz , Aral Tarik , Karakaplan Mehmet , Deniz Pinar , Hosgoren Halil 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe used organocatalysts are easily prepared in a few steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyphthalimide Allied Triazole‐Pyrrolidine Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Additions in Water.
Authors: Chandrasekhar Srivari , Kumar Togapur Pavan , Haribabu Kothapalli , Reddy Chada Raji 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAsymmetric Michael addition of β‐nitrostyrenes (II) to cyclic ketones proceeds with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity in the presence of catalytic amounts of a novel pyrrolidinylmethyltriazole bearing an phthalimidyloxymethyl side chain in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 4‐methoxyanilines to 1,4‐Benzoquinones Using Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN).
Authors: Chen Yugang , Ying Weijiang , Harmata Michael 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReaction of substituted 4‐methoxyanilines with cerium ammonium nitrate results in formation of p‐benzoquinone with good tolerability of different functional groups.