bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early life relict feature in peptide mass distribution
Authors: Zubarev Roman , Artemenko Konstantin , Zubarev Alexander , Mayrhofer Corina , Yang Hongqian , Fung Y. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The molecular mass of a biomolecule is characterized by the monoisitopic mass Mmono and the average isotopic mass Mav. We found that tryptic peptide masses mapped on a plane made by two parameters derived from Mmono and Mav form a peculiar feature in the form of a ‘band gap’ stretching across the whole ‘peptide galaxy’, with a narrow line in the centre. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible reasons for the emergence of such a feature, provided it is not a random occurrence. The a priori probability of such a feature to emerge by chance was found to be less than 1:100. Peptides contributing to the central line have elemental compositions following the rules S = 0; Z = C - (N + H)/2 = 0, which nine out of 20 amino acid residues satisfy. The relative abundances of amino acids in the peptides contributing to the central line correlate with the consensus order of emergence of these amino acids, with ancient amino acids being overrepresented in on-Line peptides. Since linear correlation between Mav and Mmono reduces the complexity of polypeptide molecules, and the turnover rate of less complex molecules should be faster in non-equilibrium abiotic synthesis, we hypothesize that the line could be a signature of abiotic production of primordial biopolymers. The linear dependence between the average isotopic masses and monoisotopic masses may have influenced the selection of amino acid residues for terrestrial life.
The Monitoring of the Bearing Nodes with Excessive Radial Clearances Using the FAM-C and FDM-A Methods
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Tokarski Tomasz 
Published: January 2010

The Monitoring of the Bearing Nodes with Excessive Radial Clearances Using the FAM-C and FDM-A Methods
The paper has been intended to present findings resulting from the monitoring of the bearing support elements with increased radial clearances with the FAM-C1 and FDM-A2 methods. The role the lubricant film plays in this type of the rolling-elements' wear has been described. Discussed are symptoms, parameters, and hazards to the resonant state in bearing nodes, as well as capabilities of diagnosing them with the FAM-C and FDM-A methods. Hypotheses about subsequent stages of the wearing process in aircraft turbojet engine's bearing support assemblies, including how the resonant state occurs, have been presented. The mechanism of the resonance in rolling-element bearings has been described, with particular attention paid to the effects of gyrostatic moments upon the bearing support elements, both in micro- and macro-scale. Theoretical analyses have been supplemented with findings resulting from the diagnostic work carried out by the Authors, and with data from the mechanical verification of engines in the course of the authorised dismantling thereof.
Metoda Korekcji Błędów skrośnych DLA Pomiarów Parametrów Ruchu w Zintegrowanych Systemach Awionicznych
Authors: Szelmanowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2010

Metoda Korekcji Błędów skrośnych DLA Pomiarów Parametrów Ruchu w Zintegrowanych Systemach Awionicznych
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki przeprowadzonych w Instytucie Technicznym Wojsk Lotniczych (ITWL) analiz wpływu oddziaływań skrośnych na błędy pomiaru parametrów ruchu statku powietrznego przez klasyczne (elektromechaniczne) czujniki prędkości kątowej i przyspieszeniomierze liniowe. Podano zależności i przebiegi ruchu stożkowego, wytwarzanego na modelu stanowiska SRS-1 zbudowanego w ITWL. Dla posiadanych czujników prędkości kątowej I-1426 (firmy SFIM) i czujników przyspieszeń liniowych MP-95 (ZSRR) przedstawiono modele błędów skrośnych oraz podano metody ich korekcji na podstawie sygnałów z tych czujników. Dla ruchu stożkowego zobrazowano pomiary błędów skrośnych i efektywność ich korekcji przy zastosowaniu algorytmów opracowanych w ITWL.
A Note on the Dusting of Crops with Fluorescein to Mark Visiting Bees
Authors: Musgrave A. J. 
Published: January 2010

Last year a short note (Musgrave, 1949) described the possibilities of fluorescein for marking insects. The method has since been adopted and much elaborated by the Apiculture Department here (Townsend, 1950).But another and very interesting question remained insufficiently answered: was it possible to dust a growing crop with fluorescein (and presumably, certain other solids) in such a way that visiting bees alighting on the crop would pick up the dust and carry it back to the hive an their bodies in detectable quantities? If it were then a very useful tool in field research in Entomology generally might well be available. During the summer of 1950 an experiment was devised to answer this question.
A Study of the Embryology of Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae)
Authors: Rempel J. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe embryonic development of the bertha armyworm is traced from the time of oviposition until blastokinesis. The following are described: the egg; fertilization and cleavage; formation of blastoderm, serosa, and amnion; the germ band; formation and differentiation of the lower layer; germ layers and derivatives; blastokinesis.
The Geographic Variation of Dasyuris polata (Duponchel) in North America (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: January 2010

The arctic species Dasyuris polata, described by Duponchel (1830: 402; Pl. 199, Fig. 4) from northern Europe, has been known from America since early times. The species is notoriously variable; until recently, however, it has not been possible to assess the geographic components of its variation.There are now, largely as a product of the Northern Insect Survey, excellent series of D. polata in the Canadian National Collection. Through the kindness of correspondents I have been able to supplement these series by borrowing material of certain non-Canadian forms, and it has become evident that D. polata has striking geographic variation in North America.
A Toxicological and Histophysiological Study of Certain New Insecticides as “Stomach Poisons” to the Honey BeeApis melliferaL.
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: January 2010

The Effect of DDT on the Mid-Gut of the BeeThe mid-gut from twelve bees poisoned with the pure para isomer of DDT was studied. Of these, five contained the large bubble of gas described on page 48: their histological appearance was almost identical but it differed in some ways from those which contained no bubble.
The Role of the Ant in the Biological Control of Homopterous Insects
Authors: Flanders Stanley E. 
Published: January 2010

The ant as a factor in “facultative helotism” plays an important role in the biological conrrol of certain agricultural pests. This phenomenon was noted by Linnè in 1758 (Jones 1929; Wheeler 1910), when he observed that honeydew-producing insects such as aphids, mealybugs, and scale insects often functioned as “cows of the ants.”The importance of this function in the biological control of homopteroas insects lies in the fact that certain species are effectively controlled by their natural enemies when ants are absent, but not when ants are present. The ant, in gathering the honeydew supplied by such homopterous insects, tends more or less automatically to protect them from their natural enemies (Huber 1810). This apparently protective effect is not limited to the honeydew-producing species hut is often extended to other phytophagous forms such as the citrus red mite,Paratetranychus citri(McGregor), (Kenyon 1935; DeBach, Fleschner, and Dietrick 1951) and diaspid scale insects (Flanders 1945) when such forms happen to be within the area of ant activity.
Key to the Puparia of the Dipterous Parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.
Authors: Ross D. A. 
Published: January 2010

The frequent failure of parasite development beyong the immature stages during insectary rearing work often results in incomplete qualitative and quantitative data on insect parasites. Keys to the larval and pupal stages are therefore an extremely useful aid in completing the picture in a study of A parasite complex.The following illustrated key makes it feasible to obtain reasonably accurate specific determinations of the puparia of the dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., that occur in Canada. The writer gratefully acknowledges the inspiration and co-operation of A. R. Brooks during the preliminary preparations for the key. The illustrations were executed by Miss M. MacKay (Figs. 1-14) and R. Sugden (Fig. 15). Each figure illustratis the following: (a) posterior aspect of a puparium showing the location of the stigmal plates and the anal aperture, and any protuberances that are present; (b) one stigmal place and the stigmal slits; (c) lateral aspect of the outline of a puparium.
Mallophaga Collected from Birds in Ontario
Authors: Stirrett Geo. M. 
Published: January 2010

It is difficult to obtain accurate records of the occurrence of bird-lice and especially those associating them with correctly identified hosts. For this reason it is considered the following records of bird-lice, taken from birds in Ontario, may be of interest and should be published.The collections were made by the author and Messrs. A. A. Wood and D. A. Arnott and one or two other persons. The specimens are in the collection of the Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Chatham, Ontario.
Notes on the Life History and Seasonal Development of the Pine Needle Scale, Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Diaspididae: Homoptera)
Authors: Cumming Margaret E. P. 
Published: January 2010

The pine needle scale is a serious pest of spruce and pine in shelter-belt and ornamental plantings in the agricultural region of the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The present study was made to provide accurate data on the life cycle, habits, and seasonal development of the pine needle scale in this region. This information is essential for investigations of artificial control.Observations were made at Indian Head, Sask., in 1947. The populations sampled were on Scotch pine in a shelter belt and white spruce in an ornamental planting. Other populations were sampled when further information was required.
Observations on Mosquitoes at Whitehorse, Yukon Territory (Culicidae: Diptera)
Authors: Curtis L. Colin 
Published: January 2010

During the summers of 1949 and 1950, studies on the biology of mosquitoes were carried out at Whitehorse, Y.T.At Whitehorse, the principal area under study centred about the Royal Canadian Air Force Station. Some additional collections were made along the Northwest Staging Route, at Fort St. John and Fort Nelson, B.C., and Watson
Lake, Y.T.
Note on Preliminary Field Trials of a Bacterium to Control the Codling Moth
Authors: Phillips C. M. , Bucher Gordon E. , Stephens June M. 
Published: January 2010

A bacterium, Bacillus cereus F. and F., which was isolated from diseased larvae of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), is pathogenic to the codling moth in laboratory experiments (Stephens, 1952).A series of trials was set up at Kentville to test the effectiveness of this bacterium against codling moth larvae in the field. B. cereus spores were propagated according to the method of Reed and McKercher (1948) and shipped to the field as spore suspensions.
Mast Cells, Histamine, and IL-6 Regulate the Selective Influx of Dendritic Cell Subsets into an Inflamed Lymph Node
Authors: Dawicki Wojciech , Jawdat Dunia W. , Xu Nong , Marshall Jean S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn response to bacterial stimuli, multiple dendritic cell (DC) populations accumulate within the draining lymph node, thus enhancing opportunities for effective T cell–DC interaction. DC subpopulations, such as plasmacytoid, CD8+, and CD11b+ subsets, have distinct roles in determining the nature of the immune response. The mechanisms whereby individual DC subpopulations are mobilized and the extent to which these processes are linked to increases in overall lymph node cellularity have not been determined. In the current study, the mechanisms of DC subset mobilization to the draining auricular lymph node were examined after intradermal injection of Staphylococcus aureus-derived peptidoglycan. Using mast cell-deficient mice and local mast cell reconstitution, plasmacytoid and CD8+ DC responses were shown to be mast cell dependent, whereas the CD11b+ DC response was not. A histamine H2 receptor-dependent, CXCL9-independent pathway controlled the selective influx of both plasmacytoid and CD11b+ DC into the lymph node, but not lymph node cellularity. In contrast, IL-6 was important for the mobilization of CD8+ and CD11b+ DC. TNF and IL-1 receptor were dispensable for plasmacytoid, CD11b+, and CD8+ DC responses. These findings provide novel opportunities for the selective mobilization of specific DC subsets to lymph nodes and demonstrate critical roles for both histamine and IL-6 in this process.
Myelin Basic Protein Priming Reduces the Expression of Foxp3 in T Cells via Nitric Oxide
Authors: Brahmachari Saurav , Pahan Kalipada 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a vital role in autoimmune disorders. Among several markers, forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) is the most specific with regard to Treg activity. Therefore, understanding mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 expression is a critical step for unraveling the complicacy of autoimmune pathophysiology. The present study was undertaken to investigate the crosstalk between NO and Tregs. Interestingly, after myelin basic protein (MBP) priming, the expression of Foxp3 decreased in MBP-primed T cells. However, blocking NO either by inhibiting inducible NO synthase with l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine hydrochloride or through scavenging with PTIO or by pharmacological drugs, such as pravastatin, sodium benzoate, or gemfibrozil, restored the expression of Foxp3 in MBP-primed T cells. However, this restoration of Foxp3 by pharmacological drugs was reversed by S-nitrosoglutathione, an NO donor. Similarly, NO also decreased the populations of Tregs characterized by CD4+CD25+ and CD25+FoxP3+ phenotypes. We have further confirmed this inverse relationship between NO and Foxp3 by analyzing the mRNA expression of Foxp3 and characterizing CD25+FoxP3+ or CD4+Foxp3+ phenotypes from inducible NO synthase knockout mice. Moreover, this inverse relation between NO and Foxp3 also was observed during priming with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, another target neuroantigen in multiple sclerosis, as well as collagen, a target autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we demonstrate that NO inhibited the expression of Foxp3 in MBP-primed T cells via soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated production of cGMP. Taken together, our data imply a novel role of NO in suppressing Foxp3+ Tregs via the soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway.
Influenza Virus-Specific Immunological Memory Is Enhanced by Repeated Social Defeat
Authors: Mays Jacqueline W. , Bailey Michael T. , Hunzeker John T. , Powell Nicole D. , Papenfuss Tracey , Karlsson Erik A. , Padgett David A. , Sheridan John F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractImmunological memory (MEM) development is affected by stress-induced neuroendocrine mediators. Current knowledge about how a behavioral interaction, such as social defeat, alters the development of adaptive immunity, and MEM is incomplete. In this study, the experience of social disruption stress (SDR) prior to a primary influenza viral infection enhanced the frequency and function of the T cell memory pool. Socially stressed mice had a significantly enlarged population of CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant NP366–74 epitope of A/PR/8/34 virus in lung and spleen tissues at 6–12 wk after primary infection (resting memory). Moreover, during resting memory, SDR-MEM mice responded with an enhanced footpad delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and more IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T cells were detected after ex vivo stimulation. When mice were rechallenged with A/PR/8/34 virus, SDR-MEM mice terminated viral gene expression significantly earlier than MEM mice and generated a greater DbNP366–74CD8+ T cell response in the lung parenchyma and airways. This enhancement was specific to the T cell response. SDR-MEM mice had significantly attenuated anti-influenza IgG titers during resting memory. Similar experiments in which mice were primed with X-31 influenza and challenged with A/PR/8/34 virus elicited similar enhancements in the splenic and lung airway DbNP366–74CD8+ T cell populations in SDR-MEM mice. This study demonstrates that the experience of repeated social defeat prior to a primary viral infection significantly enhances virus-specific memory via augmentation of memory T cell populations and suggests that social stressors should be carefully considered in the design and analysis of future studies on antiviral immunity.
Loss of CD4+ T Cell IL-6R Expression during Inflammation Underlines a Role for IL-6TransSignaling in the Local Maintenance of Th17 Cells
Authors: Jones Gareth W. , McLoughlin Rachel M. , Hammond Victoria J. , Parker Clare R. , Williams John D. , Malhotra Raj , Scheller Jürgen , Williams Anwen S. , Rose-John Stefan , Topley Nicholas , Jones Simon A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIL-6 responses are classically orchestrated via a membrane-bound IL-6R (CD126) α subunit (classical IL-6R signaling) or through a soluble form of this cognate receptor (IL-6 trans signaling). Appraisal of IL-6R expression on human and mouse T cells emphasized that IL-6R expression is closely linked with that of CCR7 and CD62L. In this regard, infiltrating effector T cells from clinical and experimental peritonitis episodes lose IL-6R expression, and anti-CD3/CD28 Ab costimulation of peripheral T cells in vitro leads to a downregulation in IL-6R expression. Consequently, IL-6 signaling through membrane-bound IL-6R seems to be limited to naive or central memory T cell populations. Loss of IL-6R expression by activated T cells further suggests that these effector cells might still retain IL-6 responsiveness via IL-6 trans signaling. Using IL-6R–deficient mice and recombinant tools that modulate the capacity of IL-6 to signal via its soluble receptor, we report that local control of IL-6 trans signaling regulates the effector characteristics of the T cell infiltrate and promotes the maintenance of IL-17A–secreting CD4+ T cells. Therefore, we concluded that classical IL-6R signaling in naive or central memory CD4+ T cells is required to steer their effector characteristics, whereas local regulation of soluble IL-6R activity might serve to maintain the cytokine profile of the Th cell infiltrate. Therefore, the activation status of a T cell population is linked with an alteration in IL-6 responsiveness.
IL-6 Promotes NK Cell Production of IL-17 during Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Passos Sara T. , Silver Jonathan S. , O’Hara Aisling C. , Sehy David , Stumhofer Jason S. , Hunter Christopher A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have implicated T cell production of IL-17 in resistance to Toxoplasma gondii as well as the development of immune-mediated pathology during this infection. Analysis of C57BL/6 and C57BL/6 RAG−/− mice challenged with T. gondii-identified NK cells as a major innate source of IL-17. The ability of soluble Toxoplasma Ag to stimulate NK cells to produce IL-17 was dependent on the presence of accessory cells and the production of IL-6, IL-23, and TGF-β. In contrast, these events were inhibited by IL-2, IL-15, and IL-27. Given that IL-6 was one of the most potent enhancers of NK cell production of IL-17, further studies revealed that only a subset of NK cells expressed both chains of the IL-6R, IL-6 upregulated expression of the Th17-associated transcription factor RORγt, and that IL-6−/− mice challenged with T. gondii had a major defect in NK cell production of IL-17. Together, these data indicate that many of the same cytokines that regulate Th17 cells are part of a conserved pathway that also control innate production of IL-17 and identify a major role for IL-6 in the regulation of NK cell responses.
Critical Role of the IFN-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 Complex in TLR-Mediated IL-27p28 Gene Expression Revealing a Two-Step Activation Process
Authors: Molle Céline , Goldman Michel , Goriely Stanislas 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
In myeloid dendritic cells, activation of the IL-27p28 gene is selectively induced by ligands of TLR4 or TLR3, both coupled to the Toll/IL-1R–related domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN/IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 pathway. In response to both ligands, autocrine type 1 IFN production was required for optimal IL-27p28 expression. Type I IFN signaling was necessary for sustained IRF1 activation and formation of the IRF9-containing IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 complex. Indeed, we demonstrated that IRF1 and IRF9 are sequentially activated and recruited to the IL-27p28 IFN-stimulated regulatory element site. Involvement of IRF1 and IRF9 in the induction of IL-27p28 was confirmed in vitro and upon in vivo exposure to TLR ligands. Thus, in response to TLR4 or TLR3 ligation, the initial induction of the IL-27p28 gene depends on the recruitment of IRF1 and IRF3, whereas transcriptional amplification requires recruitment of the IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 complex. These results highlight the complex molecular interplay between TLRs and type I IFNs for the control of IL-27 synthesis.
Cyclophosphamide Induces Dynamic Alterations in the Host Microenvironments Resulting in a Flt3 Ligand-Dependent Expansion of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Salem Mohamed L. , AL-Khami Amir A. , EL-Naggar Sabry A. , Díaz-Montero C. Marcela , Chen Yian , Cole David J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Preconditioning a recipient host with lymphodepletion can markedly augment adoptive T cell therapy. However, the precise mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In a recent study, we observed a significant increase in the circulating levels of dendritic cells (DCs; CD11c+CD11b+) during the recovery from cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced lymphodepletion. Herein, we demonstrate that the CTX-induced DC expansion was not altered by adjuvant chemotherapy or tumor burden but was augmented by coadministration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Although the increase in the number of DCs was preceded by a systemic expansion of a population expressing the phenotype of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Gr-1+CD11b+), depletion of these Gr-1+ cells had no effect on the noted expansion. Moreover, when Gr-1highCD11bhigh cells were sorted from CTX-treated mice and adoptively transferred into control or CTX-treated recipients, they did not differentiate into DCs. Post-CTX expansion of DCs was associated with proliferation of DCs in bone marrow (BM) during the lymphopenic phase and in the blood and spleen during the recovery phase. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of BM cells from CTX-treated mice produced equal numbers of DCs in the blood of either CTX-treated or untreated recipients. CTX induced a dynamic surge in the expression of growth factors and chemokines in BM, where CCR2 and Flt3 signaling pathways were critical for DC expansion. In sum, our data suggest that CTX induces proliferation of DCs in BM prior to their expansion in the periphery. Targeting DCs at these phases would significantly improve their contribution to the clinical application of lymphodepletion to adoptive immunotherapy.