bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Fertilization and Altitude on Energy Budgets for Native Meadows1
Authors: Grable A. R. , Hanks R. J. , Willhite F. M. , Haise H. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExperiments were conducted for 2 years near Gunnison, Colorado, to evaluate the influence of N fertilizer and altitude on energy budgets of native wet meadows. Measurements included evapotranspiration from lysimeters (Et), evaporation from Weather Bureau pans (E), net radiation (Rn), total short‐wave radiation (R2), soil heat flow (S), air and soil temperatures, wind velocity, precipitation, and forage yields.During two periods of 1963, Rn, advected heat (A), and Et were slightly but not significantly altered at one location by application of N fertilizer. S was 2% or less of Rn, and A to lysimeters ranged from 6 to 11% of Et when data from all plots were averaged.Studies during the entire growing season of 1964 at altitudes of 2240, 2350, 2670, and 3080 m indicated that Rn, Rs, and E cannot be used to accurately predict Et for high‐altitude wet meadows. Although changes in Rn or Rs were generally accompanied by changes in E or Et, the ratios of the values changed sharply during the season because of advected energy and crop harvest. During at least 1 or 2 weeks just before midseason harvest, S was negligible and sensible heat flux to the lysimeters (−A) was as much as 26% of Et; after harvest, however, S was about 20% of Et and sensible heat flux from the lysimeters (+A) was as much as 97% of Et. Et, E, and A (to lysimeters) during comparable periods generally decreased as altitude increased. The greatest photosynthetic efficiency obtained was about 2% of Rn; usually it was much less.
Effect of Soil Moisture Tension and Physical Condition of Soil on Utilization of Water and Nutrients by Potatoes1
Authors: Flocker W. J. , Timm Herman 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA 3‐year study was made of the effects of irrigation on the nutrient content of potato plants grown in differentially compacted soil Changes in soil moisture tension and in rates of fertilizer application affected the nutrient concentration in the plants more than did the degree of soil compaction. The amount of water, number of irrigations, and timing of applications depended upon the mean soil moisture tension and varied with degree of compaction. Irrigating at a mean soil moisture tension of 0.5 atmosphere provided the most efficient use of water and fertilizer, regardless of degree of compaction. The use of instruments to aid in timing irrigation was emphasized. Measurement of the mean soil moisture tension yielded data potentially useful for conserving both water and nitrogen.
Response of Vicia Genotypes to Flooding1
Authors: Hoveland Carl S. , Donnelly E. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree vetch species and 6 F7 lines from Vicia saliva (Ala. 1894) ✕ V. angustifolia (PI 121275) were grown in the greenhouse for 4 months under 4 flooding treatments: adequate watering but well‐drained, flooded 1 day in 10, flooded 2 days in 10, and flooded 4 days in 10.Generally, herbage yield, root growth, and N content decreased with duration of flooding. For most vetch genotypes, greater Mn uptake by the plants occurred with prolonged flooding. Mn accumulation by V. angustifolia and V. sativa remained low in all treatments. Mn content was much higher in certain hybrids than in either parent, indicating transgressive segregation for accumulation of this element. Herbage growth of the V. angustifolia parent was less affected by flooding than any other entry.
Effects of Subsoil Management Practices on Growth of Flue‐Cured Tobacco1
Authors: Batchelder A. R. , Rogers M. J. , Walker J. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing topsoil removal, tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, was grown on exposed Appling sandy clay and Cecil clay subsoils. Some factors affecting tobacco growth on subsoils were 'determined, and the effectiveness of 3 management treatments on soil moisture conservation and tobacco yields was evaluated. The 3 treatments were: (1) bare surface, (2) straw mulch, and (3) straw mulch plus straw incorporated into the subsoil.Leaf yields were significantly greater with the straw treatments than for the bare surface control during the first two seasons. In the third season, rainfall and supplemental irrigation were sufficient during critical growth periods and no differences occurred between those treatments. Mulching conserved soil moisture and reduced soil surface crusting. Treatment effects were comparable for both soils, but the yields were greater for the Appling subsoil. The data indicate that soil moisture is a primary factor influencing tobacco growth and yields on exposed subsoil.
Fertilizing Dryland Spring and Winter Wheat in the Brown Soil Zone1
Authors: Brown Paul L. , Campbell Ralph E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitrogen and P fertilizers were applied to spring or to winter wheat to measure yield response during an 11‐year period at Huntley, Montana. The soil was a typical Brown soil of the Northern Plains, moderately low in plant available P. Annual precipitation averages 10 to 13 inches in this soil zone. In a wheat‐fallow cropping system, spring wheat grain yields were increased in only 1 year by NP fertilization and decreased in 1 year by P and by NP fertilization. During a 3‐year period, winter wheat yields were not increased by fertilization and were decreased by N and by NP fertilization in 1 year and by N fertilization in another year. Phosphorus and NP fertilizers caused accelerated growth and ,soil moisture use during early spring. Accelerated growth persisted until heading, then gradually disappeared. Soil moisture use was at a lower rate during the heading to maturity period because of decreased moisture supply. Both crops were under drouth stress during the critical heading to maturity stage.With natural precipitation, spring and winter wheat grain yields averaged about 30% of the potential grain yield with soil moisture removed as a limiting factor. Because of the drouth stress, increased vegetative production usually did not carry through to increase grain yields.
Plant Height As A Factor Affecting Responses of Sorghum to Row Width and Stand Density1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Younis M. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree experiments were conducted at Manhattan, Kansas, from 1962 to 1964 to determine the extent plant height affected response to row width and stand density in three grain sorghum varieties. The experimental lines were isogenic differing by one gene (Dw3) and thus allowed the height effect to be determined within a common genetic background. Tall and short types averaged 57 and 37 inches, respectively, when mature.Mean yield from 20‐inch rows exceeded that from 40‐inch rows by 502 pounds per acre, or 11%. There was little evidence for a row width by plant height interaction. However, plant height by stand density and plant height .by variety interactions were significant in each trial. The short genotype (dw3) performed better at high stand density (120 square inches per plant), but the tall genotype (Dw3) was superior at lower stand densities (240 or 360 square inches per plant). The plant height by variety interaction for yield and components of yield resulted largely from Redlan, the latest maturing variety used.
Pelleted Coastal Bermudagrass, Pelleted Whole Stalk Corn, and Ground Whole Stalk Corn with High and Low Concentrates for Lactating Dairy Cows1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Miller W. J. , Brooks O. L. , Clifton C. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing field drying, mature whole‐plant corn containing 32% grain on a dry matter basis was harvested and ground through a hammer mill. A portion was pelleted using 3% molasses as a binder. Because ground unpelleted material was extremely dusty, it was mixed with 20% molasses. Coastal bermudagrass was harvested at 3 weeks of age, dehydrated, and pelleted. In a continuous‐type experiment with 2 replications and 36 cows, the forages were each fed with a high and a low concentrate level for 8 weeks. The concentrates were fed at grain to FCM ratio of 1:5 and 1:2.5. Protein contents of the concentrates were adjusted to equalize intakes and to meet the requirements of the cows. Each cow received 3 pounds of long hay daily. Cows fed ground corn, corn pellets, and coastal pellets produced 29.7, 28.5, and 29.4 pounds of milk per day, respectively. Forage dry matter consumption was 31.2, 28.2, and 32.9 pounds per cow per day for the three forages. Milk composition percentages were: fat, 3.93, 3.62, and 3.80; protein, 3.66, 3.52, and 3.69; and SNF, 8.97, 8.85, and 8.93. Only the differences in fat and protein were significant. Cows fed the high level of concentrates consumed 3.3 pounds less forage dry matter but ate 2.1 pounds more total dry matter. Milk production was 1.0 pound higher for those fed the high level of concentrates but milk composition was not affected. It was concluded that each of the forages was a satisfactory feed and that they were essentially equal.
Variety Differences in Strontium and Calcium Accumulation in Seedlings of Barley1
Authors: Young W. I. , Rasmusson D. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSixteen barley varieties were employed in a study of intraspecific differences in Ca and Sr accumulation. The effect of Ca/Sr ratio, pH, and various Sr‐89 concentrations and durations of feeding on variety differences were evaluated.Significant differences were observed for Ca and Sr accumulation among varieties of barley seedlings grown in nutrient solution. Varieties high in Sr accumulation also were high in Ca accumulation. Two‐fold differences in accumulation were observed for both Ca and Sr‐89. The ratio of Ca to Sr in the nutrient solution had little affect on variety differences in accumulation of Ca or Sr. However, there was evidence that varieties differed in ratio of Ca to Sr accumulated in the shoots. The pH of the solution did not affect total Sr‐89 accumulation or variety differences. Both concentration and duration of feeding had a marked effect on total Sr‐89 accumulation, but no effect on variety differences.
Response of Two Alfalfas (Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L.) to Time and Rate of Potassium Application in the Subarctic1
Authors: Klebesadel L. J. , Brinsmade J. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAnnual topdressings of K at 0, 42, and 166 pounds per acre, applied either in spring or mid‐summer, were compared with 2 alfalfas—Medicago sativa (var. ‘Vernal’) and M. falcata—for 3 seasons in Alaska's Tanana Valley.Stands of both alfalfas thinned rapidly during the study but stands and stand losses showed virtually no relationship to K treatments. Winterkill accounted for most of the reduction of stands and Vernal winterkilled more than M. falcata.K treatments resulted in large differences in yield. Both rates of K topdressing resulted in higher alfalfa yields than no topdressing; and 166 pounds of K per acre were superior to 42 pounds per acre.Crude protein content of forage was seldom influenced to a significant extent by K applications. Where differences existed, crude protein content was lowest with the highest rate of K application. M. falcata contained higher levels of crude protein than Vernal.K content of forage, virtually always lowest where no K was topdressed, was usually higher in alfalfa topdressed with 166 pounds of K per acre than at the lower rate. K content was lower in Vernal than in M. falcata.Highest percentage recovery in forage of applied K occurred with no topdressing. There, recovery exceeded the amount of K applied at planting. K recovery with the higher rate of topdressing was poorer than with the lower rate. M. falcata was superior to Vernal in K recovery.Amounts of available K in the soil did not differ among treatments until the third harvest season, when K levels were higher in most plots that had received the higher rate of K topdressing.
Infrared Thermometry of Vegetation1
Authors: Fuchs M. , Tanner C. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInfrared thermometers with a bandpass filter from 8µ to 13µ can be used to measure the real temperature of vegetal surfaces with errors in the range of 0.1C to 0.3C. To do this the emissivity must be either known or determined and a correction accounting for the reflected radiation from the surroundings must be made. Values of emissivities found for dense canopies of alfalfa and of sudangrass were between 0.97 and 0.98. Emissivities of single leaves of snap bean and tobacco were 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Depending upon the radiation of the surroundings corrections of +0.6C to +1.4C had to be added to the apparent radiative temperature of these surfaces in order to yield real surface temperature.
Effects of Row Width and Seedling Spacing on Yield and its Components in Grain Sorghum Grown under Dryland Conditions1
Authors: Karchi Zvi , Rudich Y. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted under dryland conditions in Israel in 1960‐61 to study the effects of population density and its distribution in the field on tillering, head weight, kernel weight, and yield of grain sorghum. Size of population and plant areas provided were found to be the major factors determining yield. Superior yields resulted from narrow rows combined with wide intrarow seedling spacing. Yield superiority was due primarily to increased number of heads per unit area, rather than to changes in head weight. Heads per unit area and the number of kernels per head were largely free of environmental effects. Kernel weight, on the other hand, was mainly affected by environmental conditions existing at the time of kernel maturation.Interrelationships among yield components indicate that plant yields were inversely associated with the number of heads per unit area. Plot yields were equalized at the different seedling densities, mostly by changes in the number of kernels per head. Plot yields were directly associated with number of heads per unit area and inversely associated with head weights. Highest yields were obtained from 20,000 to 70,000 plants per acre, especially when planted in narrower rows.
Effect of Soil Treatments on Chemical Element Accumulation of Four Corn Hybrids1
Authors: Bradford R. R. , Baker Dale E. , Thomas W. I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour single cross corn hybrids, selected on the basis of the chemical element accumulation characteristics of their inbred parents in single‐cross hybrids, were grown under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of different rates of calcitic and dolomitic limestone at two rates of K on accumulations of Ca, Sr, Mg, and K.As was predicted from the performance of the inbred parents in other single cross hybrids, the four hybrids used in this experiment differed with respect to the concentrations of Ca, Sr, K, and Mg accumulated. Partial genetic control of chemical element accumulation by these hybrids was apparent. With respect to Ca and Sr accumulation the hybrids could be compared at any constant level of lime above 1/2 the L.R. with no significant change in rank order. At the lower rates of lime hybrid IV was relatively low in accumualtion of Ca, and addition of K to the soil caused a greater decrease in Ca accumulation by hybrid IV than was observed for the other hybrids. Hybrid II was a higher accumulator of Ca under all conditions than were hybrids I and III. On the other hand, the capacity of hybrid IV to accumulate Ca increased more with additions of calcitic limestone and decreased more with addition of K than was observed for the other three hybrids.Within rates and sources of lime, accumulation of Ca and Sr were highly related, indicating that no genetic mechanism was operative in these hybrids to cause differential accumulation of these two elements.The observations discussed suggest that antagonistic effects of one element added to soil on accumulation of other elements as well as accumulation levels of each element by these hybrids were under partial genetic control.
Growth, Yields, and Yield Components of Safflower as Affected by Source, Rate, and Time of Application of Nitrogen1
Authors: Gilbert Norris W. , Tucker T. C. 
Published: July 2010

abstractThe effect of source, rate, and time of application of N on the yield and yield components of irrigated safflower was studied at Mesa, Arizona. Yield increased with each 50‐lb. increment of N up to 150 lb., applied as ammonium nitrate at planting in December. Further increases occurred when half was applied at planting and half in the spring. Urea at 50 lb. N preplant inhibited early seedling development, but yield was not lower than with ammonium nitrate at the same rate. Urea at 150 lb. N preplant resulted in failure to obtain stands in three replications and severe injury to seedlings in the remaining five. Ammonium nitrate at the same rate also resulted in some seedling injury but without significant stand reduction. Ammonium sulfate at the 50‐lb. N preplant rate gave higher yields than urea at the same rate, but not significantly higher than ammonium nitrate. Yield was correlated most strongly with numbers of heads per plant. Seeds per head was affected to a minor degree, but significant differences in seed weight did not occur.
Survival of Rhizobia on Pelleted Seeds of Trifolium Subterraneum L.1
Authors: Radcliffe J. C. , McGuire W. S. , Dawson M. D. 
Published: July 2010

abstractWhen Rhizobium trifolii was inoculated into 13 seed pellet coating materials, a wide variation in survival of the organisms was found. Five of six adhesives examined supported rhizobia growth. A tenfold improvement in rhizobia survival was obtained on pelleted subterranean clover seeds when the rhizobia were suspended in peat rather than broth. Only one of seven pelleting treatments using a peat suspension of rhizobia in 40% gum arabic had adequate numbers after 8 days.
Plant Nutrient Deficiencies and Related Tissue Composition of the Sweet Potato1
Authors: Spence J. A. , Ahmad N. 
Published: July 2010

abstractThe visual symptoms which appear in sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, under conditions of deficiency of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, calcium and iron are described. These symptoms were produced by growth of two node cuttings in sand culture. Results of tissue analysis for three harvests during the growth period are also presented.
Growth and Mineral Composition of Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) as Affected by N, P, K, and Tobacco Ring Spot Virus1
Authors: Thomas J. R. , McLean D. M. 
Published: July 2010

abstractA sand culture study was conducted to measure the effects of N, P, K, and tobacco ring spot virus (TRSV) on growth and mineral composition of 'Yellow Straight Neck' squash. Concentrations of N at 56 and 224 ppm, P at 10 and 40 ppm, and K at 60 and 240 ppm were used in the presence and absence of virus. Largest dry matter yield was obtained with a nutrient solution containing the highest concentrations of N, P, and K. Nitrogen and K significantly increased female flower formation. Increasing the nutrient N concentration raised the N content and reduced the percentage of P and K in the total plant tissue. Phosphorus increased the total and alcohol‐soluble N content, whereas K decreased the total N content of the squash. The K content increased significantly as the nutrient K concentration increased.Virus reduced yields only at the high concentrations of N and P. Presence of the TRSV decreased yield response to N and P, but had no effect on yield response to K. The most striking effect of virus on squash was the decrease in the number of female flowers. Virus‐induced reduction in female flower formation was greatest at the highest concentrations of N and P. TRSV significantly increased the N and P content of the squash, but had no effect on K.Virus‐inoculated squash, grown in a nutrient solution containing 224 ppm N, 10 ppm P, and 240 ppm K, did not exhibit the systemic virus symptoms. Fruit produced on virus‐inoculated plants grown in this nutrient solution were also free of disease symptoms.
Water Relations and Growth of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Influenced by Nutrient Solution Temperatures1
Authors: Unger Paul W. , Danielson Robert E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractExperiments to develop and evaluate internal water stress in bean plants were conducted in controlled environment chambers under constant light, air temperature, and air movement conditions. Humidity was not controlled, but varied only slightly. The plants were grown in solution temperatures ranging from 10.0 to 32.5C to induce plant water stress.Plant water stress, if it can be indicated by reduced water use and growth, occurred at 15.0C and lower solution temperatures. Leaf relative turgidity values were not greatly affected by treatments after the first day and measurements were not sufficiently sensitive to adequately evaluate differences in plant responses. Leaf sugar content increased with time for all treatments, but the greatest increases occurred at the low temperatures. Water use efficiency was increased by low solution temperatures, the increases being greater for top than for root production and greater for dry weight than for fresh weight.
Relationship of Tillage and Fertilization to the Yield of Alfalfa on Freeman Silt Loam1
Authors: Cary E. E. , Horner G. M. , Mech S. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLiming (L) and fertilizing with phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) were more effective than any other combination (LP, LS, PS, LPS + N) of fertilizers used in increasing the productivity of alfalfa. Tillage and seeding practices were associated with degrees of frost heaving of alfalfa, but had no effect on production of alfalfa in the second and third cutting years. Plant heaving at the end of the first year following seeding was decreased by seeding alfalfa without a companion crop, by deep tillage, and to some extent by surface compaction.Loosening the soil to a depth of 122 cm reduced average bulk density of the subsoil from 1.65 g/cc to approximately 1.45 g/cc. This treatment permitted greater water storage in the subsoil and an increased availability of subsoil water to plants through more extensive root penetration into the loosened zone.Fertilization, combined with deep soil profile modification (with topsoil and subsoil mixed), produced the highest yield of alfalfa. The unfertilized deep‐tilled soil produced more alfalfa than the fertilized shallow‐tilled soil.Mixing the topsoil and subsoil together to a depth of 122 cm sustained greater yields than tilling to the same depth but replacing topsoil and subsoil in their original sequence.
Population, Growth Rate, and Maturity of Vegetable Crops in Relation to Soil Salinity and Texture Under Sprinkler and Furrow Irrigation
Authors: Robinson Frank E. , McCoy Orval D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSprinkler irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation prevented surface salt accumulation which in turn led to higher plant populations. The sandiest soil produced a higher population of carrots and onions. Higher populations led to smaller average size plants. The driest irrigation treatment afforded better protection against onion bolting in early plantings. Variability in maturity of cabbage and lettuce was predicted by periodic dry matter sampling, In the sandier soil, the maturity of lettuce and cabbage was delayed 2 weeks.
Effect of Clipping Height on Forage Distribution and Regrowth of Pensacola Bahiagrass1
Authors: Stanley Robert L. , Beaty E. R. , Powell John D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass, when grown in pots in the greenhouse, produced a majority of its forage below 5.08 cm in height. Grass fertilized with 84 to 336 kg/ha of N tended to produce a higher percentage of its forage above 5.08 cm than did bahiagrass receiving no N. Regrowth of bahiagrass was highest when clipped to 5.08 cm or less and lowest when allowed to grow to 10.16 or 12.70 cm. Regrowth of bahiagrass was highest at the high level of N fertilization and lowest when no N was applied. Clipping Pensacola bahiagrass to 2.54 cm or less for three times during the first season and four times the second season failed to seriously reduce its regrowth rate.