bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Retinal Detachment Associated with Choroidal Coloboma
Authors: Giansanti Fabrizio , Giuntoli Matteo , Mazzini Cinzia , Pieretti Giulia , Abbruzzese Giacomo , Menchini Ugo 
Published: October 2011

Purpose To report a case of retinal detachment in an eye with choroidal coloboma treated with pneumatic retinopexy and laser. Methods Case report. Results A 34-year-old woman who had had poor vision in her left eye since early childhood and high myopia in her right eye complained a sudden deterioration of vision in her left eye for 3 days. Fundus examination of the left eye showed a large choroidal coloboma, extending to the disc margin from 5–8 o'clock inferiorly and above the inferotemporal arcade, excluding the fovea and the parafovea. Superotemporal bullous detachment of the retina was also observed, including the macula. The patient underwent a pneumatic retinopexy with SF6 gas (0.5 cc) injection into the vitreous cavity. The following day laser was applied around the margin of the choroidal coloboma. Three months later, visual acuity was 20/200 and fundus examination disclosed a completely attached retina. Conclusions This case demonstrates the feasibility of using pneumatic retinopexy in selected cases.
Qualitative assessment of study materials and communication strategies used in studies that include DNA collection
Authors: Jenkins Mary M. , Reed‐Gross Erika , Barfield Wanda D. , Prue Christine E. , Gallagher Margaret L. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo understand motivations and barriers to participation in studies that include DNA collection, focus group discussions were held with mothers who had participated in a case–control study of birth defects. Recruited mothers had completed an interview and had received a mailed kit containing cytobrushes to collect buccal cells for DNA from herself, her infant, and her infant's father. Six moderator‐led focus groups were attended by a total of 38 women residing in Atlanta, Georgia. Focus groups were segmented by DNA collection status (biologics participants or nonparticipants), infant case–control status, infant birthweight, and maternal race and ethnicity. This report assesses maternal attitudes toward study materials and communication strategies. Across groups, respondents expressed concern about how their contact information was obtained. Study materials were described as clear and professional by most women, although some respondents reported confusion about disclosure of individual genetic results. Respondents generally reported that monetary incentives were not a motivation to participate, but increased perceived study legitimacy. Biologics nonparticipants expressed concerns about kit component sterility; government involvement; and DNA sample use, storage, and disposal. Respondents suggested that investigators provide feedback on whether sample collection was performed correctly and provide materials targeted to fathers to help alleviate paternal skepticism. Participation in DNA collection might be improved by strengthening study materials and communication strategies. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis, structure and cytotoxic activity of binuclear phenyltin(IV) complexes with N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐1,2‐ethanebis(dithiocarbamate) ligand
Authors: Tian Laijin , Zheng Xiaofeng , Zheng Xiaoliang , Sun Yuxi , Yan Dongmei , Tu Linglan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo new dinuclear phenyltin(IV) complexes derived from N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐1,2‐ethanebis(dithiocarbamate) ligand, [2‐HOC6H4CH2N(CS2SnPh3)CH2]2 (1) and [2‐HOC6H4CH2N(CS2SnClPh2)CH2]2 (2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 were determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction and show that the dithiocarbamate ligand is coordinated to the tin atom in the anisobidentate manner and the tin atom is five‐coordinated. The coordination geometry of tin atom is best described as an intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal with τ‐values of 0.63 and 0.53, respectively. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds (OH···S and OH···Cl) in 1 and 2 connect neighboring molecules into a one‐dimensional supramolecular chain with the centrosymmetric cyclic motifs. Complex 1 has potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against two human tumor cell lines, CoLo205 and Bcap37, while complex 2 displays weak cytotoxic activity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure evolution of melt‐spun poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers during hot‐drawing
Authors: Wu Qian , Chen Ning , Li Li , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe drawability of melt‐spun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers and its structure evolution during hot‐drawing process were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), two dimensional X‐ray diffraction (2‐D WAXD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that the water content of PVA fibers should be controlled before hot‐drawing and the proper drying condition was drying at 200°C for 3 min. PVA fibers with excellent mechanical properties could be obtained by drawing at 200°C and 100 mm/min. The melt point and crystallinity of PVA fibers increased with the draw ratio increasing. The 2‐D WAXD patterns of PVA fibers changed from circular scattering pattern to sharp diffraction point, confirming the change of PVA fibers from random orientation to high degree orientation. Accordingly, the tensile strength of PVA fibers enhanced by hot‐drawing, reaching 1.85 GPa when the draw ratio was 16. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Sicherheit bei terroristischen Bedrohungen im öffentlichen Raum durch spezielle bauliche Lösungen
Authors: Gebbeken Norbert , Döge Torsten , Larcher Martin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTerroristische Angriffe richteten sich in der Vergangenheit verstärkt gegen sogenannte weiche Ziele. Somit ist es erforderlich, die Bedrohungen zu analysieren und “öffentliche Räume“, die nicht den kritischen Infrastrukturen zugerechnet werden, zu schützen. Aus den Szenarien ergeben sich konkrete Bedrohungen, z. B. aus Explosion, Anprall und dem Herumfliegen von festen Teilen. Öffentliche Räume sollen durch Elemente geschützt werden, die von der Bevölkerung nicht als Schutzelemente wahrgenommen werden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt architektonisch attraktive bauliche Schutzmaßnahmen und intelligente Planungen der Landschaftsarchitektur zum Schutz von öffentlichen Räumen. Der Aufsatz ist ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Steigerung der Sicherheit im urbanen Umfeld vor möglichen terroristischen Bedrohungen.Safety from terrorist threats in public spaces by attractive constructional solutions. Terrorist attacks were increasingly directed against so‐called soft targets in the past. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the threats and to protect “public spaces” that are not attributed to the critical infrastructure. Specific threats e.g. explosions, vehicle impact and impact of flying debris, arise from various scenarios. Public spaces are to be protected by elements that are not perceived by the population as protective elements. This paper describes architectural attractive constructional protective measures and intelligent design of landscape architecture for the protection of public spaces. The paper is an important contribution to the enhancement of safety against terrorist threats in urban environment.
Die Berechnung von Baugruben mit dem Bettungsmodulverfahren nach EB 102
Authors: Brand Thomas , Bastian David , Hillmann Stephan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMit der 4. Auflage der EAB im Jahr 2006 wurden in der Empfehlung EB 102 drei Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Bettungsmoduls für die Berechnung von Verbauwänden vorgeschlagen. Zur Überprüfung der in der EB 102 empfohlenen Berechnungsverfahren wurden von der Ed. Züblin AG, Zentrale Technik Berlin, umfangreiche Vergleichsrechnungen durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse dem Arbeitskreis Baugruben der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. (DGGT) vorgestellt. Da die Ergebnisse der drei Verfahren stark voneinander abwichen und nicht mit Mess‐ und FE‐Ergebnissen zahlreicher Baugruben übereinstimmen, hat der Arbeitskreis Baugruben der DGGT die EB 102 inzwischen überarbeitet und veröffentlicht.In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag wird nun die Anwendung des Bettungsmodulverfahrens nach “neuer“ EB 102 praxisnah erläutert. Es werden die Berechnungsergebnisse ausgeführter Baugruben, mit FE‐ und Messergebnissen verglichen. Hierbei zeigt sich eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung, so dass das Bettungsmodulverfahren nach “neuer“ EB 102 jetzt für die Bemessung von Baugrubenkonstruktionen eingesetzt werden kann.The design of construction pits using the subgrade reaction method according to the recommendations of EB 102 – advice of applications, case studies, comparison with measurements and results of FE – calculations. The 4. edition of the EAB (recommendation of the working group for excavation) of 2006 offered three methods to determine the subgrade modulus for the calculation of retaining walls. In order to verify the recommended methods given in EB 102 numerous comparative calculations were undertaken by the Technical Head Office of Ed. Züblin AG. The results of the calculations based on the three methods were presented to the working group for excavation of the German Society for Geotechnical Engineering. They varied considerably and did not match with those of FE‐calculation and with measurements on numerous excavation constructions. As a consequence the working group for excavation has revised the recommendations completely and published it recently. The following article explains the application of the subgrade reaction method according to the “new” EB 102 for practical use. The results obtained by the subgrade reaction method correspond very well with FE‐simulation and measurements on executed construction pits. As a conclusion the revised recommendation EB 102 can now be used for the design of retaining walls.
Micro‐anatomy of the renal sympathetic nervous system: A human postmortem histologic study
Authors: Atherton Daniel S. , Deep Nicholas L. , Mendelsohn Farrell O. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHypertension remains an epidemic uncontrolled with pharmacologic therapies. A novel catheter inserted into the renal artery has been shown to lower blood pressure by ablating the renal sympathetic nerves with radiofrequency energy delivered through the arterial wall. We report a histologic study describing the anatomic substrate for this technique, specifically the renal sympathetic nervous system. Histological sections from proximal, middle, and distal renal artery segments from nine renal arteries (five human autopsies) were analyzed. Nerves were manually counted and their distance from the lumen‐intima interface was measured using a micrometer. The nerves were then categorized by location into 0.5‐mm‐wid	e “rings” that were arranged circumferentially around the renal artery lumen. Of all nerves detected, 1.0% was in the 0–0.5 mm ring, 48.3% were in the 0.5–1.0 mm ring, 25.6% were in the 1.0–1.5 mm ring, 15.5% were in the 1.5–2.0 mm ring, and 9.5% were in the 2.0–2.5 mm ring. Beyond 0.5 mm, the proportion of nerves tended to decrease as the distance from the lumen increased. Totally, 90.5% of all nerves in this study existed within 2.0 mm of the renal artery lumen. Additionally, the number of nerves tended to increase along the length of the artery from proximal to distal segments (proximal = 216; middle = 323; distal = 417). In conclusion, our analysis indicates that a great proportion of renal sympathetic nerves have close proximity to the lumen‐intima interface and should thus be accessible via renal artery interventional approaches such as catheter ablation. This data provides important anatomic information for the development of ablation and other type devices for renal sympathetic denervation. Clin. Anat. 25:628–633, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online inserting virtual characters into dynamic video scenes
Authors: Zhang Yijiang , Pettré Julien , Ondřej Jan , Qin Xueying , Peng Qunsheng , Donikian Stéphane 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe seamless integration of virtual characters into dynamic scenes captured by video is a challenging problem. In order to achieve consistent composite results, both the virtual and real characters must share the same geometrical constraints and their interactions must follow some common sense. One essential question is how to detect the motion of real objects—such as real characters moving in the video—and how to steer virtual characters accordingly to avoid unrealistic collisions. We propose an online solution. First, by analysis of the input video, the motion states of the real pedestrians are recovered into a common world 3D coordinate system. Meanwhile, a simplified accuracy measurement is defined to represent the confidence of the motion estimate. Then, under the constraints imposed by the real dynamic objects, the motion of virtual characters are accommodated by a uniform steering model. The final step is to merge virtual objects back to the real video scene by taking into account visibility and occlusion constraints between real foreground objects and virtual ones. Several examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pose space parameterization and style transfer of skin deformation
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hyuk , Choi Jung‐Ju , Hoffmann Christoph M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe present a technique to parameterize skin deformation by skeletal motion and to transfer the deformation style from one character to another. We decompose skin deformation into time‐varying signals and basis matrices by using dimension reduction techniques and then approximate the time‐varying signals by using radial basis functions with respect to joint angles that define skeletal motion. This decomposition reduces the size of deformation data to a small number of time‐varying signals that represent the complex role of muscle action. The subsequent parameterization yields a fast and intuitive control of characters; thus, it allows us to construct faithful skin deformations quickly as skeletal bones move. The representation of our parameterization allows us to capture and transfer a derived deformation style to another skeleton–skin structure without considering the input dimension of the deformation data. This style transfer can be used as a basis for realistically animating variants of sample characters that have the same skeletal topology. Parameterization of skin deformation and its style transfer can be performed within a small amount of error once the preprocessing time and control of the deformation is carried out in real time by our graphics processing unit implementation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidative properties of phenolic acids and interaction with endogenous minor components during frying
Authors: Aladedunye Felix A. , Przybylski Roman 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe ability of selected phenolic acids to improve the frying performance of canola oil was evaluated in a frying test. The frying performance of the oil was assessed by analysis of total polar components (TPC), level of 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), and the rate of formation of volatile carbonyl compounds (VCC). All the tested phenolic acids; ferulic acid (FA), caffeic acid (CA), dihydrocaffeic acid (HCA), gallic acid (GA), and vanillic acid (VA) significantly increased the frying performance of canola oil triacylglycerols (CTG). At the end of the frying test, the amount of TPC in CTG was 22.9 ± 1.0% compared to a maximum of 18.8 ± 0.8% in CTG fortified with the phenolic acids. Similarly, the level of HNE was reduced by up to 45% when it was supplemented with phenolic acids. The results showed that ethyl ferulate (EF) was a better antioxidant than FA under frying conditions; HCA offered a slightly better protection than CA; and the cinnamic acid derivative, FA was better than VA, its benzoic acid analogue. A significant synergy was observed between phenolic acids and the sterol fraction isolated from canola oil. The observed synergy was attributed to the possible formation of steryl phenolates during the frying test.Practical applications: The poor thermal stability of polyunsaturated oils limits their application for prolonged frying. PUFA offer important health benefits and can improve nutritional value of fried foods. Contrary to the commonly applied synthetic antioxidants, the phenolic acids tested in this study often are part of endogenous oil components present in oilseeds and also in some oils, and are known for their positive health benefits. Thus, the simple phenolic acids, especially the cinnamic acid derivatives may be applied as potent antioxidants to protect oils during thermal processes used for food production.
An alternative linear trend analysis for assessing the results of the mouse lymphoma assay
Authors: Hou Saimei , Sjögren Niclas , Bolcsfoldi George 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs recommended by the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) Workgroup of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (Aberdeen, 2003), a trend test is critical if an induced mutant frequency (MF) of at least 126 × 10−6 (global evaluation factor, GEF) is achieved at one or more test concentrations. Only those responses that both achieve the GEF and a significant trend are biologically relevant. While no specific trend test was recommended by the Workshop, a trend test was recommended by the UK Environmental Mutagen Society (1989). The test uses MF (untransformed) averaged over replicate cultures following a consistency test (against a historical heterogeneity factor) in a weighted linear regression with chi‐square (χ2) test for slope and returns significant results in virtually all cases that are positive for the GEF, including those with no apparent dose–response. We have explored an alternative method where the natural logarithm of MF and its variance are estimated for each replicate culture separately and used in a weighted ordinary linear regression with t‐test for slope. Using test cases positive for the GEF, the P‐value from this model is shown to be sensitive to changes in the number of replicates, the shape and magnitude of mutant induction, in contrast to the χ2 model. Cases with no apparent dose–response and thereby questionable biological significance are tested negative by our method but positive by the χ2 model. Our method is thus straight‐forward and provides a meaningful complement to the GEF in assessing the biological significance of the MLA results. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous measurement of benzo[a]pyrene‐induced Pig‐a and lacZ mutations, micronuclei and dna adducts in mutaTMmouse
Authors: Lemieux Christine L. , Douglas George R. , Gingerich John , Phonethepswath Souk , Torous Dorothea K , Dertinger Stephen D. , Phillips David H. , Arlt Volker M. , White Paul A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study we compared the response of the Pig‐a gene mutation assay to that of the lacZ transgenic rodent mutation assay, and demonstrated that multiple endpoints can be measured in a 28‐day repeat dose study. Muta™Mouse were dosed daily for 28 days with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage. Micronucleus (MN) frequency was determined in reticulocytes (RETs) 48 hr following the last dose. 72 h following the last dose, mice were euthanized, and tissues (glandular stomach, small intestine, bone marrow and liver) were collected for lacZ mutation and DNA adduct analysis, and blood was evaluated for Pig‐a mutants. BaP‐derived DNA adducts were detected in all tissues examined and significant dose‐dependent increases in mutant Pig‐a phenotypes (i.e., RETCD24‐ and RBC CD24‐) and lacZ mutants were observed. We estimate that mutagenic efficiency (i.e., rate of conversion of adducts into mutations) was much lower for Pig‐a compared to lacZ, and speculate that this difference is likely explained by differences in repair capacity between the gene targets, and differences in the cell populations sampled for Pig‐a versus lacZ. The BaP doubling doses for both gene targets, however, were comparable, suggesting that similar mechanisms are involved in the accumulation of gene mutations. Significant dose‐related increases in % MN were also observed; however, the doubling dose was considerably higher for this endpoint. The similarity in dose response kinetics of Pig‐a and lacZ provides further evidence for the mutational origin of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchor deficiencies detected in the Pig‐a assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small soil storage capacity limits benefit of winter snowpack to upland vegetation
Authors: Smith T. J. , McNamara J. P. , Flores A. N. , Gribb M. M. , Aishlin P. S. , Benner S. G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the western United States, the mountain snowpack is an important natural reservoir that extends spring and summer water delivery to downstream users and ecosystems. The importance of winter snow accumulation to upland ecosystems is not as clearly defined. This study investigates the relative contribution of winter precipitation to upland spring and summer soil moisture storage and availability in a semi‐arid mountainous watershed. At this site, coarse soil textures and shallow soil depths limit soil storage capacity to 6–16 cm. Winter precipitation exceeds soil storage capacity by 2.5 times. Accordingly, soil moisture profiles at most locations in the watershed reach field capacity in early winter. With soil storage near capacity, water released by snowmelt primarily contributes to deep drainage and makes a limited contribution to the soil moisture reservoir. Water that is retained by the soil after the snowpack melts is lost to evapotranspiration in as little as 10 days. In contrast, spring precipitation extends moist soil conditions by up to 90 days into the warm season, when ecological water demand is highest. These field observations suggest that changes in spring precipitation, not winter snowpack, may have the greater impact on upland ecosystems in this environment. Furthermore, because winter precipitation is in excess compared to the soil storage capacity, soil moisture availability may be fairly insensitive to climate change‐induced transitions from snow to rain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Did China diversify its foreign reserves?
Authors: Sheng Liugang 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper takes a novel approach to detect the latent currency portfolio of Chinese foreign exchange reserves and the underlying portfolio management strategies during 2000 and 2007. Based on a portfolio accounting identity and the budget constraint of the Chinese central bank's holding of foreign assets, the monthly growth rate of reserves can be decomposed into monthly rate of return, valuation effects of exchange rates, and monthly net purchase rate. The valuation effect reveals the value share of each currency. Bayesian inference is adopted to estimate the state‐space model with a mixture of Gaussian distributions. The results show that China significantly and dramatically diversified its reserves out of the US dollar in 2002: both the euro's value and quantity shares increased from 5% to more than 20%. By the end of 2007, China held about (at most) 67.3% of its reserves in the US dollar, 22% in the euro, 2.5% in the Japanese yen, 4.7% in the Australian dollar, and 3.5% in the British pound. The average annual rate of return was about 3%. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.