bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and tolerability of adjunctive lacosamide intravenous loading dose in lacosamide‐naive patients with partial‐onset seizures
Authors: Fountain Nathan B. , Krauss Gregory , Isojarvi Jouko , Dilley Deanne , Doty Pamela , Rudd G. David 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  To examine the safety and tolerability of rapidly initiating adjunctive lacosamide via a single intravenous loading dose followed by twice‐daily oral lacosamide in lacosamide‐naive adults with partial‐onset seizures.Methods:  This open‐label, multicenter trial, enrolled patients with epilepsy who were taking 1–2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in one of four sequential cohorts containing 25 subjects each. An intravenous lacosamide loading dose (200, 300, or 400 mg) was administered over 15 min followed 12 h later by initiation of oral dosing consisting of one‐half of the loading dose administered twice daily for 6.5 days. The first cohort was administered lacosamide 200 mg/day, followed by a cohort at 300 mg/day, and then a cohort at 400 mg/day. The results from each cohort were evaluated before enrolling the next highest dose level. The fourth cohort enrolled patients at the highest dose with clinically acceptable safety and tolerability results. Safety evaluations included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), patient withdrawals due to TEAEs, and changes in vital signs, 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) studies, laboratory parameters, and clinical examinations. Postinfusion lacosamide plasma concentrations were also evaluated.Key Findings:  A total of 100 patients were enrolled, 25 in each cohort. The loading dose for the repeat cohort was 300 mg; therefore, 25 patients were enrolled at 200 mg/day, 50 at 300 mg/day, and 25 at 400 mg/day. Most TEAEs occurred within the first 4 h following infusion; dose‐related TEAEs (incidence ≥10%) during this timeframe included dizziness, somnolence, and nausea. Seven patients withdrew, all due to TEAEs: three (6%) from the combined 300 mg group and four (16%) from the 400 mg group; four of these patients discontinued within 4 h following infusion. The most common TEAEs leading to discontinuation (overall incidence >1%) were dizziness (6%), nausea (5%), and vomiting (3%). No clinically relevant pattern of changes from baseline ECG, clinical laboratory parameters, or vital signs were observed. Trough plasma concentrations suggested that near steady‐state lacosamide concentrations were achieved with a single intravenous loading dose.Significance:  Intravenous loading doses of 200 and 300 mg lacosamide administered over 15 min followed by oral lacosamide were well tolerated in lacosamide‐naive patients. The 400‐mg loading dose was less well tolerated due to a higher frequency of dose‐related TEAEs. These results support the feasibility of rapid initiation of adjunctive lacosamide treatment.
Relationship between preoperative hypometabolism and surgical outcome in neocortical epilepsy surgery
Authors: Wong Chong H. , Bleasel Andrew , Wen Lingfeng , Eberl Stefan , Byth Karen , Fulham Michael , Somerville Ernest , Mohamed Armin 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) hypometabolism has been used to localize the epileptogenic zone. However, glucose hypometabolism remote to the ictal focus is common and its relationship to surgical outcome has not been considered in many studies. We investigated the relationship between surgical outcome and FDG‐PET hypometabolism topography in a large cohort of patients with neocortical epilepsy.Methods:  We identified all patients (n = 68) who had interictal FDG‐PET between 1994 and 2004 and who underwent resective epilepsy surgery with follow up for more than 2 years. The volumes of significant FDG‐PET hypometabolism involving the resected epileptic focus and its surrounding regions (perifocal hypometabolism) and those distant to and not contiguous with the perifocal hypometabolism (remote hypometabolism) were determined statistically using Statistical Parametric Mapping (voxel threshold p = 0.01, extent threshold ≥250 voxels, uncorrected cluster‐level significance p < 0.05) and were compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical and demographic variables using a multiple logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of seizure outcome.Key Findings:  Remote hypometabolism was present in 39 patients. Seizure freedom was 49% (19 of 39 patients) in patients with glucose hypometabolism remote from the epileptogenic zone compared to 90% (26 of 29 patients) in patients without remote hypometabolism. In 43 patients with an MRI‐identified lesion, seizure freedom was 79% (34 of 43 patients). In patients with normal MRI, cortical dysplasia was the predominant pathologic substrate. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified a larger volume of significant remote hypometabolism (p < 0.005) and absence of a MRI‐localized lesion (p = 0.006) as independent predictors of continued seizures after surgery.Significance:  In patients with widespread glucose hypometabolism that is statistically significant when compared to controls, epilepsy surgery may not result in complete seizure freedom despite complete removal of the MRI‐identified lesion. The volume of significant glucose hypometabolism remote to the ictal‐onset zone may be an independent predictor of the success of epilepsy surgery.
Human glioma cells induce hyperexcitability in cortical networks
Authors: Campbell Susan L. , Buckingham Susan C. , Sontheimer Harald 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Patients with gliomas frequently present with seizures, but the factors associated with seizure development are still poorly understood. In this study, we assessed peritumoral synaptic network activity in a glioma animal model and tested the contribution of aberrant glutamate release from gliomas on glioma‐associated epileptic network activity.Methods:  In vitro brain slices were made from glioma‐implanted mice. Using extracellular field recordings, we analyzed peritumoral epileptiform activity induced by Mg2+‐free medium in slices from tumor‐bearing animals and sham‐operated controls. We assessed the effect of sulfasalazine (SAS), a blocker of system and glutamate release, on spontaneous and evoked activity in tumor‐associated slices.Key Findings:  Tumor‐associated cortical networks were hyperexcitable. The onset latency of Mg2+‐free–induced epileptiform activity was significantly shorter in tumor‐bearing slices, and the incidence of Mg2+‐free–induced ictal‐like events was higher. Block of glutamate release from system decreased the response area of evoked activity and completely blocked Mg2+‐free–induced ictal‐like, but not interictal‐like events.Significance:  Control of seizures in patients with gliomas is an essential component of clinical management; therefore, understanding the origin of seizures is vital. This work provides evidence that peritumoral synaptic network activity is disrupted by tumor masses resulting in network excitability. We show that blocking glutamate release via system with SAS, a drug already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), can inhibit Mg2+‐free–induced ictal‐like epileptiform events similar to other chemicals used to decrease seizure activity. We, therefore, suggest that further studies should consider SAS a promising agent to aid in the treatment of seizures associated with gliomas.
BRASILONEMA ANGUSTATUM SP. NOV. (NOSTOCALES), A NEW FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIAL SPECIES FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS1
Authors: Vaccarino Melissa A. , Johansen Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2012

A new filamentous cyanobacterial species of the genus Brasilonema was isolated from the island of Oahu, Hawaii. The taxon is distinguished from the seven other species in the genus by attenuation of trichomes, and is here described as Brasilonema angustatum sp. nov. It possesses the cytoplasmic kerotimization and reddish‐brown coloration of several species in the genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence shows B. angustatum within a highly supported clade containing all sequenced Brasilonema species. We compared the secondary structure of the 16S–23S ITS regions for B. octagenarum and B. angustatum. The structurally conservative D1–D1′ and V3 helices show similar motifs between the two taxa, but differ structurally and in sequence, providing additional justification for erection of the new species. The Box‐B helix has identical secondary structure. The existence of tapering in a Brasilonema species is unique in this genus, and requires modification of the current concept of the genus Brasilonema, which was described as being unattenuated. Our phylogenetic evidence supports the hypothesis that tapering has developed repeatedly in separate cyanobacterial lineages and lacks the taxonomic significance once assumed by early workers.
CYP2C29 Produces Superoxide in Response to Shear Stress
Authors: SUN DONG , OJAIMI CAROLINE , WU HONGYAN , KALEY GABOR , HUANG AN 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Sun D, Ojaimi C, Wu H, Kaley G, Huang A. CYP2C29 produces superoxide in response to shear stress. Microcirculation 19: 696–704, 2012.AbstractObjective: Activation of CYP2C29 releases superoxide during shear stress‐induced dilation (SSID).Methods: Mesenteric arteries isolated from female eNOS‐KO and WT mice were cannulated and pressurized. Vasodilation and superoxide production in response to shear stress were assessed.Results: Shear stress‐induced dilation was significantly attenuated in vessels of eNOS‐KO compared with WT mice, which was normalized by tempol and PEG‐Catalase, in a PPOH (inhibitor of CYP2C29)‐sensitive manner, but remained unaffected by VAS2870 and allopurinol, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, respectively. NaNO2‐induced dilation was comparable in both strains of mice. Confocal microscopy shows that SS‐stimulated superoxide was increased particularly in the endothelium of eNOS‐KO mice. HPLC analysis of 2‐EOH indicated an increase in SS‐stimulated superoxide in vessels of eNOS‐KO mice, a response that was sensitive to PPOH. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase significantly enhanced SSID without affecting SS‐stimulated superoxide production. CYP2C29 and catalase were upregulated, and exogenous H2O2 caused vasoconstriction in vessels of eNOS‐KO mice.Conclusions: CYP2C29 synthesizes EETs to mediate SSID, and simultaneously releases superoxide and sequential H2O2, which in turn impair SSID.
AWARD ARTICLE: Microcirculatory Society Award for Excellence in Lymphatic ResearchTime Course of Myocardial Interstitial Edema Resolution and Associated Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: DONGAONKAR RANJEET M. , STEWART RANDOLPH H. , QUICK CHRISTOPHER M. , URAY KAREN L. , COX CHARLES S. , LAINE GLEN A. 
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Dongaonkar RM, Stewart RH, Quick CM, Uray KL, Cox CS, Laine GA. Time course of myocardial interstitial edema resolution and associated left ventricular dysfunction. Microcirculation 19: 714–722, 2012.AbstractObjective: Although the causal relationship between acute myocardial edema and cardiac dysfunction has been established, resolution of myocardial edema and subsequent recovery of cardiac function have not been established. The time to resolve myocardial edema and the degree that cardiac function is depressed after edema resolves are not known. We therefore characterized temporal changes in cardiac function as acute myocardial edema formed and resolved.Methods: Acute myocardial edema was induced in the canine model by elevating coronary sinus pressure for three hours. Myocardial water content and cardiac function were determined before and during coronary sinus pressure elevation, and after coronary sinus pressure restoration.Results: Although no change in systolic properties was detected, accumulation of water in myocardial interstitium was associated with increased diastolic stiffness. When coronary sinus pressure was relieved, myocardial edema resolved within 180 minutes. Diastolic stiffness, however, remained significantly elevated compared with baseline values, and cardiac function remained compromised.Conclusions: The present work suggests that the cardiac dysfunction caused by the formation of myocardial edema may persist after myocardial edema resolves. With the advent of new imaging techniques to quantify myocardial edema, this insight provides a new avenue for research to detect and treat a significant cause of cardiac dysfunction.
Studies on the Genus Mesodinium II. Ultrastructural and Molecular Investigations of Five Marine Species Help Clarifying the Taxonomy
Authors: Garcia‐Cuetos Lydia , Moestrup Øjvind , Hansen Per J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe provide a detailed study of four marine Mesodinium species and compare the data to the companion article on Mesodinium chamaeleon and other available studies on Mesodinium, to shed some light on the taxonomy of the genus. Micrographs of two red phototrophic Mesodinium species, Mesodinium rubrum and Mesodinium major n. sp., as well as the first published micrographs of two heterotrophic species, M. pulex and M. pupula are presented in combination with molecular analyses based on the ribosomal genes. The main conclusion of this study is the invalidity of the genus Myrionecta based on the arrangements of the basal bodies forming the cirri and the separation of species formerly known as M. rubrum resulting in an emended description of M. rubrum and the description of a related new species M. major n. sp.
Invasive treatment in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies: indications and outcome of 120 consecutively treated pregnancies
Authors: SUNDBERG KARIN , SØGAARD KIRSTEN , JENSEN LISA NEERUP , SCHOU KATRINE VASEHUS , JØRGENSEN CONNIE 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective. Monochorionic twin pregnancies are associated with increased risk of severe complications. Umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) and fetoscopic selective laser coagulation (FSLC) are used as invasive treatment. The study aim was to document treatment indications and pregnancy outcome where UCO and FSLC were used for treating fetal discrepancies and twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Design. Cohort study of all consecutively treated monochorionic twin pregnancies 2004–2010. Setting. Tertiary care center. Population. One hundred and twenty pregnancies treated by FSLC (55) or UCO (65). Umbilical cord occlusion was undertaken in 49 TTTS cases, in four cases with fetal abnormality and TTTS and in 12 cases because of fetal anomaly only. Main outcome measures. Overall survival per fetus, survival per pregnancy of at least one fetus and further survival according to the Quintero stages. Infant survival until at least one week after birth. Results. Of the pregnancies studied, 84% had TTTS, 13% had a fetal malformation and 3% had both. Of TTTS cases, 69% were Quintero stage 3 and 4. In the UCO group with TTTS, 87% were in stage 3 and 4. Survival in the UCO group was 82%. In the laser group, the survival of at least one fetus was 85%. Overall survival per fetus was 60%. Conclusions. By far the most common indication for invasive treatment was TTTS in Quintero stage 3. Outcome by means of survival after FSLC and UCO were similar to what has been reported elsewhere. Cord occlusion was an acceptable treatment alternative to fetoscopic selective laser coagulation in severe TTTS cases.
Quality of life after adopting compared with childbirth with or without assisted reproduction
Authors: HOGSTRÖM LARS , JOHANSSON MARIANNE , JANSON PER OLOF , BERG MARIE , FRANCIS JYNFIAF , SOGN JAN , HELLSTRÖM ANNA‐LENA , ADOLFSSON ANNSOFIE 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective. This study compares quality of life among couples who had adopted a child 4–5.5 years previously with couples whose conception was spontaneous, as well as with couples who had successful or unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Design. Cross‐sectional study. Setting. Tertiary level university hospital. Sample. From the following groups, 979 responses were obtained: adoption; successful IVF; unsuccessful IVF–living with children; unsuccessful IVF–living without children; and childbirth after spontaneous conception (controls). Methods. Quality of life was studied with the Psychological General Well Being (PGWB) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) instruments. Demographic, socio‐economic and health data were obtained with additional questionnaires. Multiple variance analysis was applied. Main outcome measures. The PGWB and SOC scores. Results. After adjustment for seven confounders, the adoption group had higher PGWB scores than the unsuccessful IVF–living without children and the controls and higher SOC scores than all other groups. The unsuccessful IVF–living without children had lower PGWB and SOC scores than all other groups. The PGWB and SOC scores among controls did not differ from those with successful IVF or unsuccessful IVF–living with children. Conclusions. Adjusted PGWB and SOC scores revealed a high quality of life in the adoption group. However, the group unsuccessful IVF–living without children had low quality of life scores. Quality of life appears to be independent of the outcome of IVF treatment as long as there are children in the family.
Lamotrigine vs. lamotrigine plus divalproex in randomized, placebo‐controlled maintenance treatment for bipolar depression
Authors: Bowden C. L. , Singh V. , Weisler R. , Thompson P. , Chang X. , Quinones M. , Mintz J. 
Published: June 2012

Bowden CL, Singh V, Weisler R, Thompson P, Chang X, Quinones M, Mintz J. Lamotrigine vs. lamotrigine plus divalproex in randomized, placebo‐controlled maintenance treatment for bipolar depression.Objective:  To compare the maintenance efficacy of lamotrigine (Lam) to combination therapy of Lam + divalproex ER (Div) in recently depressed patients with bipolar disorder (BD).Method:  We randomized 86 BD I or II patients in a major depressive episode to 8 months of double‐blind treatment with Lam + placebo or Lam + Div. To be eligible for randomization, patients had to achieve control of both depressive and manic symptoms during an open phase that included both Lam and Div.Results:  Time to depressive episode did not differ significantly by Kaplan–Maier survival analysis (χ2 = 1.82, df = 1, P = 0.18). However, several secondary outcomes did show significant differences. The proportion of Lam + placebo patients who had at least one Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score ≥15 during the maintenance phase was 67% (30/45) compared with 44% (18/41) for the Lam + Div group (χ2 = 4.51, P = 0.03). Among BD I patients assigned to Lam + placebo, 71.4% (25/35) had at least one visit with MADRS score ≥15 compared with 36.7% (11/30) among Lam + Div patients (χ2 = 7.89, df = 1, P = 0.005).Conclusion:  Lam + Div generally provided greater maintenance efficacy than Lam alone for depressive indices in recently depressed BD patients.
Bone loss biomarkers associated with peri‐implantitis. A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rakic Mia , Lekovic Vojislav , Nikolic‐Jakoba Natasa , Vojvodic Danilo , Petkovic‐Curcin Aleksandra , Sanz Mariano 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo investigate the levels of biomarkers associated with osteoclastogenesis in patients suffering peri‐implantitis and to compare them with levels in healthy peri‐implant sites and severe chronic periodontitis.Material and methodsPeri‐implant/gingival crevicular fluid samples and clinical parameters including: bleeding on probing, modified Plaque Index (PlI), pocket depth and clinical attachment level were collected from 70 patients (23 with peri‐implantitis, 25 with healthy peri‐implant tissues and 22 with severe chronic periodontitis). The concentrations of sRANKL, RANK and OPG were evaluated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays; they were compared between the groups and correlated with the clinical findings.ResultssRANKL (P = 0.01), RANK (P = 0.01) and OPG (P = 0.03) concentrations were significantly higher in peri‐implantitis sites when compared to those in healthy implant sites, although differences in the sRANKL/OPG ratio were not statistically significant. In these sites all three markers were significantly correlated with the clinical parameters, with exception of OPG/PI correlation that remained insignificant (P = 0.121). When comparing peri‐implantitis and periodontitis findings, RANK was significantly higher in peri‐implantitis sites whereas, sRANKL (P = 0.03) and sRANKL/OPG ratio (P = 0.004) were significantly higher in periodontitis sites. Among periodontitis and healthy implant sites the same differences have been observed for both sRANKL (P = 0.000) and sRANKL/OPG ratio (P = 0.000), furthermore RANK was higher in periodontitis sites as well (P = 0.010).ConclusionThe findings of this preliminary study on a relatively small sample size suggest that the PICF levels of biomarkers sRANKL, RANK, and OPG are associated with peri‐implant tissue destruction and the pattern of these biomarkers differed when compared to periodontitis.
Prevalence of Candida spp. associated with bacteria species on complete dentures
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela G , Pavarina Ana C , Dovigo Lívia N , Machado Ana L , Giampaolo Eunice T , Vergani Carlos E 
Published: June 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00578.xPrevalence of Candida spp. associated with bacteria species on complete denturesObjective:  This study evaluated the prevalence of Candida spp., Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from complete upper dentures.Background:  Factors that may increase the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity include denture‐wearing and deficient denture hygiene.Materials and Methods:  Ninety denture wearers participated in this study. Collection of biological material from each denture was performed on all denture surfaces. Conventional biochemical methods were used to identify the microorganisms. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on percentage data.Results:  Candida spp. were the most frequent microorganisms found on dentures (65.5%), while Strep. mutans and Staph. aureus were present in 53.3 and 34.4%, respectively.Conclusion:  Candida species were the most frequent microorganisms on dentures, followed by Strep. mutans and Staph. aureus.
Comparing salinity tolerance in embryonic and larval development of two species of water strider, Aquarius paludum and Gerris latiabdominis (Hemiptera: Gerridae)
Authors: Kishi Manabu , Harada Tetsuo , Fujisaki Kenji 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWater strider Aquarius paludum (Fabricius) is a cosmopolitan species colonizes mainly freshwater but occasionally brackish habitats throughout the Palearctic and Oriental regions. Water strider Gerris latiabdominis (Miyamoto) is a common species in Japan lives in temporary habitats as freshwater paddy fields. These two species often occur syntopically. We investigated differences in the developmental response to brackish water during embryonic and larval stages between the two species. Eggs were exposed to 0–1.8% NaCl solutions within 24 h of oviposition. Larvae of G. latiabdominis were exposed to salinities of 0, 0.5%, and 0.9% from the first instar until adult emergence. Limits of NaCl concentration for hatching were 1.3% and 1.0% for A. paludum and G. latiabdominis, respectively. The hatching rate of G. latiabdominis was lower than that of A. paludum at salinities ≥0.9%. The period of embryonic development of G. latiabdominis was more prolonged than that of A. paludum at a given salinity. Although the salinity tolerance of G. latiabdominis was lower than that of A. paludum, our results suggest G. latiabdominis has the physiological capacity to expand into brackish waters. High and low salinity tolerances of A. paludum and G. latiabdominis, respectively, reflect the relatively wide range of habitat salinities utilized by A. paludum and the relatively restricted habitats preferred by G. latiabdominis. The high salinity tolerance of A. paludum could be an important factor contributing to their cosmopolitan distribution because high tolerance to salinity means the possibility of them to be dispersed via ocean or sea to other continents and islands.