bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Study of Precise Hemihepatectomy Guided by Middle Hepatic Vein
Authors: Qiu Yudong , Zhu Xinhua , Zhu Rixiang , Zhou Jianxin , Zhou Tie , Wang Yang , Ding Yitao 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to analyze the feasibility of classification for hepatic veins preoperatively and to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of precise hemihepatectomy guided by middle hepatic vein.MethodsThirty patients who underwent precise hemihepatectomy (PH group) were subjected to multi‐slice helical CT hepatic venography preoperatively to achieve Nakamura’s and Kawasaki’s classification of hepatic veins. The hemihepatectomy was performed precisely by the guidance of middle hepatic vein, which was revealed by the hepatic venography and confirmed with intraoperative ultrasound. The clinical data of these patients were compared with other 38 traditional hemihepatectomy patients (control group). The amount of intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion, liver function recovery, postoperative complications, and 1‐year follow‐up data were compared between two groups.ResultsThe ratios of Nakamura’s classification type I, II, and III of hepatic veins were 56.7 % (17/30), 26.7 % (8/30), and 16.7 % (5/30), respectively; The percentages of Kawasaki’s classification type I and II of hepatic veins were 36.7 % (11/30) and 63.3 % (19/30), respectively. The total 30 cases of precise hemihepatectomies were performed successfully, including 13 cases of right hemihepatectomy without MHV, 15 cases of left hemihepatectomy without MHV, 1 case of right hemihepatectomy with MHV, and 1 case of left hemihepatectomy with MHV. There was no significant difference in operation‐related mortality, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion, as well as serum alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and cholinesterase of the third postoperative day between the two groups. However, negative resection margin and albumin level were more favorable in precise hemihepatectomy group than control group. In addition, the incidence of postoperative pleural effusion and seroperitoneum was decreased significantly in precise hemihepatectomy group. The 1‐year, tumor‐free survival rate was 79 % (15/19) In PH group, which is 48 % in control group.ConclusionsPreoperative evaluation of hepatic veins is of great value for individual operative program via determination of anatomical type of hepatic veins. Precise hemihepatectomy could preserve functional liver tissue with complete venous return to a great extent, resulting in fewer incidences of postoperative pleural effusion and seroperitoneum. Precise hemihepatectomy also has the potential to achieve more adequate tumor‐free resection margin, which may result in higher tumor‐free survival rate.
A Review of Risk Factors and Timing for Postoperative Hematoma After Thyroidectomy: Is Outpatient Thyroidectomy Really Safe?
Authors: Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Yih Patricia Chun‐Ling , Lo Chung‐Yau 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough postoperative hematoma after thyroidectomy is uncommon, patients traditionally have been advised to stay overnight in the hospital for monitoring. With the growing demand for outpatient thyroidectomy, we assessed its safety and feasibility by evaluating the potential risk factors and timing of postoperative hematoma after thyroidectomy.MethodsFrom 1995–2011, 3,086 consecutive patients underwent thyroidectomy at our institution; of these, 22 (0.7 %) developed a postoperative hematoma that required surgical reexploration (group I). Potential risk factors were compared between group I and those without hematoma (n = 3,045) or with hematoma but not requiring reexploration (n = 19; group II). Variables that were significant in the univariate analysis were entered into multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsGroup I was significantly more likely to have undergone previous thyroid operation than group II (27.3 vs. 8.2 %, p = 0.007). The median weight of excised thyroid gland (71.8 vs. 40 g, p = 0.018) and the median size of the dominant nodule (4.1 vs. 3 cm, p = 0.004) were significantly greater in group I than group II. Previous thyroid operation (odds ratio (OR) = 4.084; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.105–15.098; p = 0.035) and size of dominant nodule (OR = 1.315; 95 % CI, 1.024–1.687; p = 0.032) were independent factors for hematoma. Sixteen (72.7 %) had hematoma within 6 h, whereas the other 6 (27.3 %) had hematoma at 6–24 h.ConclusionsPrevious thyroid operation and large dominant nodule were independent risk factors for hematoma requiring surgical reexploration. Given that a quarter of hematoma occurred between 6 to 24 h after surgery, routine outpatient thyroidectomy could not be recommended.
A Modified Statistically Optimal Null Filter Method for Recognizing Protein-Coding Regions
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tian Fengchun , Wang Shiyuan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Computer-aided protein-coding gene prediction in uncharacterized genomic DNA sequences is one of the most important issues of biological signal processing. A modified filter method based on a statistically optimal null filter (SONF) theory is proposed for recognizing protein-coding regions. The square deviation gain (SDG) between the input and output of the model is used to identify the coding regions. The effective SDG amplification model with Class I and Class II enhancement is designed to suppress the non-coding regions. Also, an evaluation algorithm has been used to compare the modified model with most gene prediction methods currently available in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precision. The performance for identification of protein-coding regions has been evaluated at the nucleotide level using benchmark datasets and 91.4%, 96%, 93.7% were obtained for sensitivity, specificity and precision, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed model is potentially useful in gene finding field, which can help recognize protein-coding regions with higher precision and speed than present algorithms.
The wiggling trajectories of bacteria
Authors: Hyon Yunkyong , Marcos  , Powers Thomas R. , Stocker Roman , Fu Henry C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMany motile bacteria display wiggling trajectories, which correspond to helical swimming paths. Wiggling trajectories result from flagella pushing off-axis relative to the cell body and making the cell wobble. The spatial extent of wiggling trajectories is controlled by the swimming velocity and flagellar torque, which leads to rotation of the cell body. We employ the method of regularized stokeslets to investigate the wiggling trajectories produced by flagellar bundles, which can form at many locations and orientations relative to the cell body for peritrichously flagellated bacteria. Modelling the bundle as a rigid helix with fixed position and orientation relative to the cell body, we show that the wiggling trajectory depends on the position and orientation of the flagellar bundle relative to the cell body. We observe and quantify the helical wiggling trajectories ofBacillus subtilis, which show a wide range of trajectory pitches and radii, many with pitch larger than 4 $\lrm{\ensuremath{\mu}} \mathrm{m} $. For this bacterium, we show that flagellar bundles with fixed orientation relative to the cell body are unlikely to produce wiggling trajectories with pitch larger than 4 $\lrm{\ensuremath{\mu}} \mathrm{m} $. An estimate based on torque balance shows that this constraint on pitch is a result of the large torque exerted by the flagellar bundle. On the other hand, multiple rigid bundles with fixed orientation, similar to those recently observed experimentally, are able to produce wiggling trajectories with large pitches.
TRIBUNAL JUSTICE AND PROPORTIONATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Authors: Elliott Mark , Thomas Robert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe tribunals system in England and Wales has been transformed by the entry into force of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007; among other things, tribunals are now located more firmly and explicitly than ever before within the judicial branch. Questions concerning the relationship between tribunals and regular courts fall to be confronted afresh within this new institutional landscape. Those questions form the focus of this article, which is particularly concerned with the issue recently considered by the Supreme Court in Cart whether, and if so to what extent, decisions taken within the tribunals system (by the Upper Tribunal) should be susceptible to judicial review by the High Court. In Cart, emphasis was placed upon the concept of “proportionate dispute resolution” as a means by which to delimit regular courts' oversight of tribunals' decisions, raising fundamental questions both of legal doctrine (relating to the relevance of the orthodox doctrinal tools of administrative law) and legal policy (concerning the degree of error on the part of a tribunal that a higher court should tolerate in the interests of the efficient, or proportionate, use of judicial resources).
PROTECTING THE PROPERTY OF THE MENTALLY ILL: THE JUDICIAL SOLUTION IN NINETEENTH CENTURY LUNACY LAW
Authors: Stebbings Chantal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe modern legal framework for the protection of the mentally ill was conceived and developed in the nineteenth century. A substantial growth in the numbers of the mentally ill revealed an absence of effective and accessible legal protection for the property of patients with small estates. This challenge was met through the retention and reform of the ancient jurisdiction of the Lord Chancellor in the Lunacy Court as the sole instrument of protection. The judicial solution was adopted in preference to bureaucratic regulation, despite the strong forces of state intervention and the reform of the legal system and its processes.
Use of the Patient Concerns Inventory to identify speech and swallowing concerns following treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Ghazali N , Kanatas A , Scott B , Lowe D , Zuydam A , Rogers S N 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground and aims:The Patient Concerns Inventory is a holistic, self-reported screening tool for detecting unmet needs in head and neck cancer patients. This study aimed to assess its value in screening for self-perceived swallowing and speech concerns, and in facilitating multidisciplinary supportive care.Methods:The Patient Concerns Inventory and the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire were completed by 204 post-treatment patients attending routine out-patient review clinics, and those with speech or swallowing issues were identified.Results:Swallowing and speech issues were respectively reported by 21 and 7 per cent of University of Washington questionnaire respondents and by 17 and 13 per cent of Patient Concerns Inventory respondents. The two surveys combined indicated that speech or swallowing issues arose in 39 per cent of consultations (n = 178), involving 48 per cent of patients (n = 97). Of these 97 patients, 74 were known to the speech and language therapist. The remaining 23 patients had their concerns discussed in the clinic; three were referred on, and were assessed by the speech and language therapist and given appropriate interventions.Conclusion:The use of both surveys concurrently enabled all patients with swallowing or speech issues to discuss these concerns in the clinic and to access appropriate multidisciplinary interventions.
Locke on the Irrelevance of the Soul
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCommentators usually agree that Locke's discussion of thinking matter is intended to undermine the plausibility of the belief in the existence of the soul. In this paper I argue that, instead of trying to reveal the implausibility of this belief, Locke seeks to rid the concept of the soul of its traditional cognitive and moral functions in order to render references to the soul redundant in philosophical explanations of the nature of human beings and their place in the world. On this reading, the driving force behind Locke's discussion is not a sceptical problem posed by the impossibility of proving the existence of the soul, but the wish to maximize the ability of limited creatures such as ourselves to engage positively with their lives in the here and now. Locke's experience-focused philosophy will here present itself as a position with significant moral implications.
Prosthetic gestures: How the tool shapes the mind
Authors: Malafouris Lambros 
Published: June 2012

AbstractI agree with Vaesen that it is a mistake to discard tool use as a hallmark of human cognition. I contend, nonetheless, that tools are not simply external markers of a distinctive human mental architecture. Rather, they actively and meaningfully participate in the process by which hominin brains and bodies make up their sapient minds.
Can object affordances impact on human social learning of tool use?
Authors: Jacquet Pierre O. , Tessari Alessia , Binkofski Ferdinand , Borghi Anna M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe author describes “higher” and “uniquely human” sociocognitive skills that he argues as being necessary for tool use. We propose that those skills could be based on simpler detection systems humans could share with other animal tool users. More specifically, we discuss the impact of object affordances on the understanding and the social learning of tool use.
Laser fusion energy from p-7Li with minimized radioactivity
Authors: Ghoranneviss M. , Salar Elahi A. , Hora H. , Miley G.H. , Malekynia B. , Abdollahi Z. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe new possibility of side-on laser ignition of p-11B with negligible radioactivity encouraged to study the fusion of solid state p-7Li fuel that again turns out to be only about 10 times more difficult than the side-on ignition of solid deuterium-tritium using petawatt-picosecond laser pulses at anomalous interaction conditions if very high contrast ratio. Updated cross sections of the nuclear reaction are included.
Galvanic vestibular stimulation modulates the electrophysiological response during face processing
Authors: WILKINSON DAVID , FERGUSON HEATHER J. , WORLEY ALAN 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to affect the speed and accuracy of visual judgments, the underlying electrophysiological response has not been explored. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effect of GVS on the N170 event-related potential, a marker commonly associated with early visual structural encoding. To elicit the waveform, participants distinguished famous from nonfamous faces that were presented in either upright or inverted orientation. Relative to a sham, stimulation increased the amplitude of the N170 and also elevated power spectra within the delta and theta frequency bands, components that have likewise been associated with face processing. This study constitutes the first attempt to model the effects of GVS on the electrophysiological response and, more specifically, indicates that unisensory visual processes linked to object construction are influenced by vestibular information. Given that reductions in the magnitude of both the N170 event-related potential and delta/theta activity accompany certain disease states, GVS may provide hitherto unreported therapeutic benefit.
Unleashing Presidential Power: The Politics of Pets in the White House
Authors: Maltzman Forrest , Lebovic James H. , Saunders Elizabeth N. , Furth Emma 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this article, we use a multimethod approach to shed light on the strategic use of presidential pets. We draw on primary source materials to demonstrate that pets are an important power center in the White House. Then we turn to presidents' strategic use of their pets in public. We present a theoretical framework and statistical evidence to explore the conditions under which presidents are most likely to trot out their four-legged friends. We show that presidents carefully gauge the best and worst times to conduct a dog and pony show. In times of war or scandal, dogs are welcome public companions, but not so in periods of economic hardship.
Data Processing for Atomic Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Cueva Paul , Hovden Robert , Mundy Julia A. , Xin Huolin L. , Muller David A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe high beam current and subangstrom resolution of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes has enabled electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping with atomic resolution. These spectral maps are often dose limited and spatially oversampled, leading to low counts/channel and are thus highly sensitive to errors in background estimation. However, by taking advantage of redundancy in the dataset map, one can improve background estimation and increase chemical sensitivity. We consider two such approaches—linear combination of power laws and local background averaging—that reduce background error and improve signal extraction. Principal component analysis (PCA) can also be used to analyze spectrum images, but the poor peak-to-background ratio in EELS can lead to serious artifacts if raw EELS data are PCA filtered. We identify common artifacts and discuss alternative approaches. These algorithms are implemented within the Cornell Spectrum Imager, an open source software package for spectroscopic analysis.
LOG-SINE EVALUATIONS OF MAHLER MEASURES
Authors: BORWEIN JONATHAN M. , STRAUB ARMIN 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe provide evaluations of several recently studied higher and multiple Mahler measures using log-sine integrals. This is complemented with an analysis of generating functions and identities for log-sine integrals which allows the evaluations to be expressed in terms of zeta values or more general polylogarithmic terms. The machinery developed is then applied to evaluation of further families of multiple Mahler measures.
Engaging non-state armed actors in state- and peace-building: options and strategies
Authors: Hofmann Claudia , Schneckener Ulrich 
Published: June 2012

AbstractArmed actors dominate contemporary conflict environments dramatically. Their degree of dispersion, influence, and effect on international politics make it necessary to establish strategies for interaction with them. This article makes a contribution by assessing particular strategies and their suitability and applicability with regard to specific actors. First, it delineates options for dealing with armed actors based on three perspectives from international relations theory: realist, institutionalist, and constructivist. Second, it matches these perspectives to the capabilities of international actors. Finally, it offers an assessment of the difficulties that arise from the plurality of forms of armed actors, as well as of external actors.
Dependency of the North Pacific winter storm tracks on the zonal distribution of MJO convection
Authors: Lee Yun‐Young , Lim Gyu‐Ho 
Published: June 2012

We investigate the effects of the tropical Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) convection on the zonal location and intensity of storm activity during the boreal cool season (Nov. 1 to Feb. 28, 120 days) over the Pacific Ocean. As tropical convection shifts eastward from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western North Pacific, MJO‐induced local Hadley circulation leads to an eastward displacement of extratropical Rossby Wave Source (RWS). Consequently, this influence leads to an eastward shift of the peak area of the storm track. The storm track is strongest with the MJO convection over the eastern Indian Ocean (phase 3), and it experiences the suppression when MJO convection is located over the Maritime continents (phase 4), and it increases again when the MJO propagates to the western Pacific (phase 5), after which it weakens again (phase 6). The intensity of the storm track, particularly over the western North Pacific (120°E–180°), is determined by the integrated effects of three factors: the midlatitude convective forcing (MCF), the jet stream, and RWS. These factors are associated with the locations of MJO convections. It is estimated that MJO‐induced suppression accounts for only 2.5% of the total observed midwinter suppression (MWS). However, the pattern generated by the MJO is remarkably similar to the observed meridional displacement of North Pacific storm track associated with sub‐seasonal variation. We conclude that the spatial distribution of MJO affects the variation of the Pacific storm track, but is not a cause of the MWS.
High‐resolution water content estimation from surface‐based ground‐penetrating radar reflection data by impedance inversion
Authors: Schmelzbach C. , Tronicke J. , Dietrich P. 
Published: June 2012

Mapping hydrological parameter distributions in high resolution is essential to understand and simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Of particular interest is surface‐based ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) reflection imaging in electrically resistive sediments because of the expected close link between the subsurface water content and the dielectric permittivity, which controls GPR wave velocity and reflectivity. Conventional tools like common midpoint (CMP) velocity analysis provide physical parameter models of limited resolution only. We present a novel reflection amplitude inversion workflow for surface‐based GPR data capable of resolving the subsurface dielectric permittivity and related water content distribution with markedly improved resolution. Our scheme is an adaptation of a seismic reflection impedance inversion scheme to surface‐based GPR data. Key is relative‐amplitude‐preserving data preconditioning including GPR deconvolution, which results in traces with the source‐wavelet distortions and propagation effects largely removed. The subsequent inversion for the underlying dielectric permittivity and water content structure is constrained by in situ dielectric permittivity data obtained by direct‐push logging. After demonstrating the potential of our novel scheme on a realistic synthetic data set, we apply it to two 2‐D 100 MHz GPR profiles acquired over a shallow sedimentary aquifer resulting in water content images of the shallow (3–7 m depth) saturated zone having decimeter resolution.
The many faces of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in progenitor/stem cell differentiation
Authors: Oeztuerk-Winder Feride , Ventura Juan-Jose 
Published: June 2012

Regulation of stem cells is essential for development and adult tissue homoeostasis. The proper control of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation maintains organ physiology, and disruption of such a balance results in disease. There are many mechanisms that have been established as stem cell regulators, such as Wnt or Notch signals. However, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate and integrate these signals are not well understood. A new intracellular pathway that has been reported to be involved in the regulation of many stem cell types is that of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). In particular, p38α is essential for the proper differentiation of many haematopoietic, mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Many reports have shown that disruption of this kinase pathway has pathological consequences in many organs. Understanding the extracellular cues and downstream targets of p38α in stem cell regulation may help to tackle some of the pathologies associated with improper differentiation and regulation of stem cell function. In the present review we present a vision of the current knowledge on the roles of the p38α signal as a regulator of stem/progenitor cells in different tissues in physiology and disease.