bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanopsin and its role in photophobia
Authors: KARDON RANDY 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Photosensitivity is common in patients known to have migraine headaches, in patients following traumatic brain injury, in patients with certain CNS pathology and in inflammatory disorders of the eye. However, it is a subjective complaint and difficult to substantiate and treat. Recently, we have taken advantage of a primitive reflex, the photic blink reflex, to objectively quantify the eye’s sensitivity to light.Methods Patients with light sensitivity and normal subjects were tested using red (640nm) and blue (485nm) Ganzfeld, full field light, one second in duration, over a 6 log unit range of intensity (0.5 log unit steps). Time‐stamped, computerized recording of the orbicularis and procerus/corrugator muscle EMG were quantified using the maximum root mean squared (RMS).Results The photic blink reflex appeared to show similar response characteristics as the pupil light reflex, having both a transient response to photopic red and blue light and a sustained response to high intensity blue light. Patients with light sensitivity showed an exaggerated EMG response to light compared to normals.Conclusion The sustained EMG response to bright blue light provides evidence for a melanopsin mediated photic blink reflex. The photic blink reflex, as measured by the electromyogram, appears useful for quantifying light sensitivity and its response to treatment.
Study of stromal femtosecond laser ablation for deep corneal cut optimization
Authors: BERNARD A , AUDOUARD E , THURET G , PEOC'H M , DUMOLLARD JM , GRANIER J , SODER H , MOINE B , GAIN P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Anterior and posterior stroma of human cornea present different biophysical characteristics, the later being more hydrated and collagen fibers less tightly packed. Our aim was to investigate interactions between femtosecond laser (FL) and stroma according to the depth of cut in order to optimize FL endothelial graft preparationMethods organ cultured human corneas were prepared with a mechanical microkeratome (Moria, France) by a lamellar cut from anterior side at two different depths: 50µm for the study of anterior stroma and 350µm for the study of posterior stroma. Grooves were then performed in the remaining anterior or posterior stroma with a 800nm, 150fs FL (Thales, France) with different processing configurations (Speed: 1900 to 10000µm/s; Power: 0.8 to 6mW). After treatment, corneas were observed by light and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to compare ablation rates (AR) (in µm/pulse) and cut quality in anterior and posterior stromaResults Preliminary results (n=4 corneas) showed no significant differences between posterior stroma AR (1.97±0.91µm/pulse) and anterior stroma AR (1.73±0.50µm/pulse). Using SHG microscopy, two different cutting types (with or without disruption) occurred, depending on processing configurations and independently of depth in the stromaConclusion These results suggest that there is no significant difference of AR between anterior and posterior stroma. Consequently, difficulties usually encountered to cut endothelial grafts with FL may not directly depend on a particular ablation rate of the posterior human corneal stroma, but rather on the optical scattering when FL passes through the stromal layers, already identify as a limiting factor
New improvements in Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro): titanium surface modifications
Authors: SALVADOR CULLA B , JEONG KJ , PASCHALIS EI , CHIANG HH , GIPSON IK , DOHLMAN CH , KOHANE DS 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Improve biointegration and esthetics of Boston KPro through Ti coating.Methods Polydopamine (PDA) was used to form a Ti oxide (TiO2) film on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) rods through liquid phase deposition. The rods were inserted in porcine corneas and kept in culture for two weeks. Biointegration was assessed by measuring the force required to pull the rods out of the corneas with an Instron 5542 tensiometer, followed by SEM examination of their surface. Color modification (blue or brown) of Ti backplates of the Boston KPro was achieved using oxide formation in an anodization setup, and biocompatibility was studied using human corneal limbal epithelial cells.Results Mechanical pull‐out showed that TiO2 significantly increased the force required to separate the rods from the corneas (0.354 N), compared to bare PMMA (0.039 N) and PDA (0.098 N). SEM images showed residual cellular and extracellular materials only on TiO2‐coated rods. Ti oxidation produced blue or brown‐coated backplates. No difference was observed in proliferation, migration or cytotoxicity between coated and uncoated groups in cell culture (p>0.745).Conclusion TiO2 coating enhanced corneal tissue integration with PMMA rods. Oxidation also improved the esthetics of the Ti backplates of the Boston KPro, without compromising its safety or biocompatibility.
Stromal alteration in post‐lasik ectasia cornea
Authors: AKHTAR S , KIRAT O , ALKATAN H , ALMUBRAD T 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Post‐LASIK corneal ectasia is a serious late postoperative complication. After LASIK, the corneal stroma is structurally weakened. Patients with this complication present with an increase in myopia and astigmatism. Here we report the stromal alteration in the post‐LASIK cornea.Methods Two Saudi male patients were diagnosed post‐LASIK ectasia. Patient 1, had ectasia six years after LASIK in both eyes. Patient 2, had ectasia four years after LASIK in right eye. Both patients had undergone penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye. The corneas were processed for light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM).Results The LASIK flap was detached from the residual stromal bed. The posterior end of the flap which had separated from the stromal bed lacked collagen fibrils and instead contained numerous very fine microfilaments. The proteoglycans were absent. There were large keratocytes containing a large nucleus in the stroma. The stromal lamellae were thin and disorganized. The collagen fibrils were running randomly and their distribution was not uniform. There were aggregates of micro‐filaments, which replaced some parts of the Bowman’s layer and stroma.Conclusion The present study showed the disorganisation of the lamellae collagen fibrils. A large number of microfilaments were present at the detachment end of the flap and the residual stroma. Numerous aggregates of micro‐fibrils replaced some parts of the Bowman’s layer and stroma. Acknowledgement: Supported by National Plan for Science and Technology, KSU, Riyadh.
Surgical approach in corneal perforations and deep ulcers
Authors: DOBROWOLSKI D , JANISZEWSKA D , TARNAWSKA D , KRYSIK K , WYLEGALA E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Outcomes of patch grafts in corneal perforations and deep ulcers.Methods For the study 184 patients (follow‐up at least 6 months) were qualified: 57men and 127 women, mean age 61,7,±19,1 years. 198 procedures (112 in corneal perforations and 86 in deep ulcers) were performed. We applied grafts with diameter from 2,5 to 5 mm with oversize of 0,5 – 1 mm. Visual outcomes and corneal surface stability were analysedResults In 175 eyes we achieved stabile corneal surface, 23 grafts were failed due to graft melting. Among 175 eyes improvement of VA was achieved in 89 eyes, 58 required further procedures of penetrating keratoplasty or cataract surgery. The best visual outcomes were achieved in peripheral ulcers or perforations, central changes usually required further management or were connected with poor prognosis for good vision. 28 eyes due to dry eye, no light localization or retinal detachment (3 eyes) were disqualified to other proceduresConclusion Patch grafts are useful to restore vision and maintain corneal integrity.
Deutsche Uveitis Arbeitsgemeinschaft (DUAG) ‐ How patients can support research
Authors: ZIERHUT M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis presentation will summarize how the DUAG (Deutsche Uveitis Arbeitsgemienschaft) was founded and developed. The reasons for the group, having an umbrella position over the local patient groups, will become explained, and how this concept may become adapted to other ocular diseases.
Initiating a glaucoma interest group in Belgium
Authors: STALMANS I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Belgian Association for Glaucoma Patients was founded in 2010. Its goals are to inform about glaucoma, to improve early detection and follow‐up of glaucoma, to promote interaction between the members and others, to promote the interests of the Belgian glaucoma patients and to enforce their position in the Belgian society. During this lecture, the experiences and activities during the start‐up phase will be shared with the audience, followed by an open discussion with the participants.
Reccurence of vasculitis
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRetinal vasculitis (RV) is a sight‐threatening disease associated with different infectious or auto‐immune conditions. RV may be isolated or revealing a systemic disease such as Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, SLE or multiple sclerosis. Recurrence rate depends on multiple factors such as demographics, etiology, type and extension of vasculitis and most importantly, the therapeutic strategy. The Optimal use of immunosuppressive and biologic agents block recurrences in mots of the cases and decrease the rate of complications. Long‐term remission may be achieved in specific entities, after treatment discontinuation.
Clinical study results with new wireless electronic subretinal implant alpha‐ims
Authors: ZRENNER E , BARTZ‐SCHMIDT KU , GEKELER F , GREPPMAIER U , HEKMAT A , HOERTDOERFER G , KERNSTOCK C , KITIRATSCHKY V , SACHS H , STINGL K , WILHELM B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Restitution of vision in blind Retinitis Pigmentosa patients by the new wireless implant Alpha‐IMS (Retina Implant AG, Tübingen, Germany).Methods Each of the 1500 subfoveal photodiodes within an 11 by 11 deg field controls an amplifier that ejects light evoked currents onto bipolar cells via TiN electrodes (Zrenner et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2011, 278: 1489ff). Power and control signals are transmitted transdermally via retroauricular inductive coils connected to a subdermal cable to the eye.Results Ten patients received implants since 2010 (average age 46±84). In 8 patients the chip was at the desired subfoveal position; in 2 patients slightly parafoveal. All patients were able to perform the function tests except one due to loss of inner retina function after surgery. Results in all other patients were: light perception 9/9; light localization 8/9; motion recognition 5/9; grating resolution 8/9 (up to 3,3 cycle/degree); Landolt C rings 3/9 (up to 0,036); recognition of geometric objects 8/9; recognition of objects in table setup 8/9; letter reading 4/9; clock hands reading 3/9; grey scale differentiation 6/9; improved outdoor mobility 5/9. Patients` experiences: recognition of unknown objects, facial or clothes’ characteristics, moving objects in nature and traffic, small objects (glasses, telephone, doors, door handles, washing basin, dices).Conclusion The wireless Alpha‐IMS implant can restore useful visual abilities in blind RP‐patients. Subretinal surgery for positioning chips subfoveally is safe and the multicenter part of the study has been started in Oxford, London and Hongkong.
Commercial interest
ARHGEF26/SGEF controls fovea formation, immunity, neurodevelopment and arteriosclerosis
Authors: BITOUN P , PIPIRAS E , BENZACKEN B , DELAHAYE A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Identify cause of congenital syndrome with macular dystrophy, absent fovea in consanguineous family 6 yo girl with congenital nystagmus,low vision after informed consent.Methods Family had complete ophthalmologic, neurologic examination, brain MRI, genetic tests, array CGH, lipid profiles, vascular Doppler US.Mouse,human fetal ISHResults Proband had congenital nystagmus and corpus callosum agenesis.Vision was 20/200 w/o photophobia,night blindness. Fundus showed macular atrophy, normal vessels w/o pigment, small papilla. ERG, OP were normal, absent pattern VEP points to macular bundle defect.OCT showed absent fovea, thin retina (102 µm OD and 92 OS) interruption of the photoreceptor layer. MRI showed hippocampi hypoplasia. ABCA4 testing was negative as 18 ARRP genes. Parents have normal vision,ERG,VEP,OCT, angio and brain MRI. Array CGH showed 114kb homozygous 3q23 deletion up to 6th intron of SGEF gene in 3 sibs. Sister had absent fovea on OCT, low vision and macular dystrophy, brother had decreased foveal function on multifocal ERG with normal vision. Girls have repeated infections: EBV hepatitis,dental abcesses..Well parents harbor same heterozygous deletion. Mouse antibody In situ hybridisatio mapped to retina.Human Fetal brain cortex ISH wss positive. SGEF controls leukocyte trans‐endothelial migration,1st phase of atherosclerosis. Mother with high cholesterol 212mg/dl and hyper‐triglyceridemia had normal cervical arteries doppler US normal examination w/o atherosclerosis at 42yoConclusion Data suggests ARHGEF26/SGEF gene controls arteriosclerosis, macular cone development, immune function, axon midline crossing with recessive inheritance. Deletion possibly has protective effect against arteriosclerosis
Efficacy and safety of gene therapy with AAV4 in childhood blindness due to rpe65 mutations
Authors: LE MEUR G , LEBRANCHU P , PEREON Y , BILLAUD F , IVAN C , CHAUVEAU C , ROLLING F , WEBER M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess the safety and efficiency of an subretinal injection of an AAV2/4.rpe65.hrpe65 in subjects with LCA due to mutations rpe65 genes.Methods A phase I/II clinical trial assessed the safety and the efficiency of one subretinal injection with AAV2/4.rpe65.hrep65 vector in the worse eye of patient with rpe65‐/‐ retinal dystrophy. Patients of the first cohort received up to 400 µL and patients of the second cohort up to 800 µL of a vector solution at 6.1010 vector genome/mL. The primary safety endpoints are evaluated by biomicroscopy, laser flare meter, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, OCT and a tolerance questionnaire. Secondary efficacy endpoints are evaluated by global ERG, multifocal ERG, visual field, near and far visual acuity, color vision test, pupillometry, microperimetry, visual mobility, functional MRI and fundus autofluorescence.Results We will present results of the first six patients included in an ongoing study. Patients are 21 to 42 years old. The three first patients were included in the first cohort and three other were included in the second cohort. No adverse effects or ocular inflammation are noticed one year to 2 months after subretinal injection. Visual acuity is limited to light perception to 1/12 and remained stable after subretinal injection. Visual field modifications in the subretinal treated area are noticed in all patients.Conclusion subretinal injection of a serotype 4 AAV vector for gene therapy treatment of rpe65‐/‐ retinal degeneration is safe. Visual field improvement found in our adult patients want us to treat 3 childrens scheduled in the third cohort.
Genetics of keratoconus
Authors: SOLER V , CASSAGNE M , FOURNIE P , MALECAZE F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractKeratoconus (KC) is a vision‐threatening condition characterized by thinning and deformation of the cornea. It is one of the most common indications for corneal grafting in industrialized countries. The disease prevalence is approximately 1 in 2000. Familial aggregation, together with increased familial risk, suggests important genetic influences on its pathogenesis. To date, it has been shown that several genomic regions are linked to KC rare familial forms but no genes have been identified as responsible for common KC. Aside from genetic determinants, environmental stresses such as eye rubbing or atopy have been suggested as possible causes or aggravating factors in KC. The interaction of genetics and environmental factors in diseases occurrence contributes to the development of complex and multifactorial trait, such as KC. And, despite the many attempts to reveal KC pathophysiology, the mechanisms leading to its corneal characteristics and vision impairment are still poorly understood. In this presentation, we will discuss all works that have been achieved on keratoconus pathophysiology and we will consider future directions on this topic.
Apoplexy in pituitary tumors, clinical and MRI analyses
Authors: DE KEIZER RJW , SCHUTTE P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of the study is to evaluate the different types and incidence of pituitary tumors with apoplexy between 1988‐2009.Methods Retrospective data analysis from the notes of the neuro‐endocrine multidiciplinary workgroup and medical records of these patients treated by neurosurgeon or conservatively.Results complete notes were found from 5 years. Different ways of detection were found: the classic tumor pituitary apoplexy, accidental during MRI analyses and during surgery for an pituitary adenoma. Of the 82 macroadenomas, found in the notes over 5 years, in 17 cases an apoplexy was found, which is a higher incidency than described in the literature. From the in total 27 cases found during the 20 years period analysis, 15 cases had the classic pattern, with‐ at most‐ eyemovements disorders ; 10 cases had a subclinical pattern and were diagnosed by MRI, and or histopathological or biochemical; in 2 patients the mass was without tumor, and only hemorrhage.Conclusion Headache, eye motility disturbances and +/‐ chiasmal syndrome may pronounce in 20 % of the pituirary masses to an apoplexy. Because a pituirary mass frequently is managed with surgery, but conservative treatment is possible without complications, this differential diagnosis is important in neuro‐ophthalmological clinical practice. The different MRI patterns will demonstrated during the presentation.
Four‐year‐ old child with optic nerve glioma revealed by a proptosis
Authors: BENNAI D , CRETU I , FICHTEN A , SEVESTRE H , COPIN H , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Optic pathway gliomas are rare tumors accounting for 3‐5% of brain tumors in children. Our case aims to understand surgical options.Methods We report the case of a 4‐year‐old child with a single optic pathway glioma revealed by a non esthetical proptosis and blindness. Association with NF1 was not found. The MRI showed a tortuous enlargement of the left optic nerve, the glioma extended into the optic canal with a scleral invasion. Considering those results, a treatment consisting of a double team surgery, ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons was performed with enucleation and complete section of the nerve at its optic chiasm root.Results Histology confirmed the diagnosis of glioma, as a pilocytic astrocytoma, with safety margins. Cytogenetic analysis showed an unspecific chromosome 8 deletion. Chemotherapy was avoided because of systemic toxicity and tumor localization.Conclusion Association with NF1 is classical and the incidence of optic nerve glioma is estimated at 15%. In young children the glioma can be the first manifestation of NF1 and the disease should be kept in mind. Cytogenetic mutation must be searched with surgical sample in culture. In children, surgical treatment can be preferred to chemotherapy when excision of the total tumor removal can be performed.
Strabismus and visual acuity in children with ocular coloboma
Authors: ARNAUD M , NADEAU S , AZIZ A , HAMDAN J , DENIS D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose to report visual acuity and strabismus frequency in children with ocular coloboma.Methods We retrospectively analysed 43 children diagnosed as having ocular coloboma (18 boys and 25 girls). Median patient age at diagnosis was 30 months. We studied: visual acuity, binocular status, and refractive errors. We ranked different coloboma as anterior, posterior and antero‐posterior with a whole ophthalmological examination and were divided in two groups: with (I) or without (II) strabismus.Results 43 children were included, 25 (58.1 %) had strabismus, 18 with esotropia (72 %) and 7 with exotropia (28 %). Groups I and II were similar on social issues. 23 children had bilateral coloboma and 20 unilateral coloboma. A total of 66 eyes were studied: we found 5 anterior coloboma, 33 posterior and 28 antero‐posterior. 13 were associated with microphtalmia. There was no significant difference between children in group I and II. 29 Colobomatous anomalies were found in group I and 37 in group II. Children in group I had a worse visual acuity than in group II (p< 0.001). Severe coloboma frequency (posterior or antero‐posterior with macular involution) was higher in group I than in group II.Conclusion These results are comparable to those found in literature. There is a worse visual acuity for strabismus‐associated coloboma.Strabismus more often occurs in coloboma‐diagnosed children than in general population and is often associated with amblyopia.
Combined approach, the yield of microincisions for cataract surgery
Authors: BRON A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCataract extraction combined with glaucoma surgery remains a matter of debate. Some authors advocate consecutive surgeries arguing that the expected lower inflammation will allow a better outcome of the filtering surgery. However cataract extraction after a filter may impair the long term efficacy of glaucoma surgery. Conversely the combined approach is more convenient for the patient with one operation and generally a better visual result. However it is generally considered that the IOP‐lowering effect is less effective in combined procedures. Rather than opposing these two approaches, it is probable than according to the characteristics of the patient and the type and the stage of glaucoma, a consecutive or a combined surgery is more appropriate. Therefore the surgeon must be prepared to perform the two types of surgery. Micro incisions for cataract surgery (MICS) offer some substantial advantages vs conventional corneal incisions; a better tightness of the surgical wound allows a better control of IOP during the surgery. Therefore glaucoma surgeries (penetrating or not) are much easier to perform without changing your technique. In this presentation some surgical tips will be given in order to facilitate your combined procedures.
Drug delivery by ionic hydrogel contact lenses in preoperative prophylaxis of intraocular infections
Authors: FOKINA DV , BOIKO EV , REITUZOV VA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficiency of ophthalmic drug delivery through ionic hydrogel soft contact lenses (SCL) in comparison with eye drops in preoperative prophylaxis of intraocular infections.Methods The efficiency of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin delivered via SCL was compared to eye drops in patients having cataract surgery. Investigations were conducted with 1‐DAY ACUVUE® TruEye® hydrogel SCL, saturated with moxifloxacin solution 0.16 % (Avelox) and levofloxacin solution 0.5% (Tavanic), which were put on the cornea (Group 1). Another group of patients were given five times the dosage of these drugs (Group 2). These manipulations were made one hour before phacoemulsification in both groups. Aqueous samples (0.1 mL) were collected at the beginning of the surgery. The antibiotic concentration in aqueous aliquots was determined using spectrofluorimetry and liquid chromatography.Results Maximum therapeutic concentrations (TC) of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin in the aqueous humor were achieved after 4 hours 18.0 ± 2.0 and 9.0 ± 1.2 μg/mL (Group 1), followed by gradual decrease of them (p<0.05). TC lasted no less than 6 hours. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were only achieved by eye drops of the same drugs (Group 2). Moxifloxacin and levofloxacin delivered via SCL in 10 and 5 times respectively increased the relative bioavailability in comparison with the eye drops of these antibiotics.Conclusion 1. The application of ionic hydrogel soft contact lenses is an effective drug delivery method. 2. Ionic hydrogel soft contact lenses, saturated with moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, provide a therapeutic antibiotic concentration in the aqueous humor. 3. Ophthalmic drug delivery through contact lenses increases bioavailability.