bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parotid gland swelling following mouthrinse use
Authors: Van der Weijden GA , Ten Heggeler JMAG , Slot DE , Rosema NAM , Van der Velden U 
Published: November 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 276–279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2008.00419.x Van der Weijden GA, ten Heggeler JMAG, Slot DE, Rosema NAM, Van der Velden U. Parotid gland swelling following mouthrinse use.Abstract:  Background:  Unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid gland is a reported side effect of rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine. Although the incidence rate is extremely low, there have been several case reports on this topic and the authors of these reports have suggested several explanations for the mechanism of this complication.Methods:  In this report, two cases of parotid gland swelling are discussed. Both patients developed unilateral parotid swelling following the use of a mouthwash, case 1 after using a chlorhexidine mouthwash following flap surgery and case 2 after using a hexetidine mouthwash in an approved clinical trial that was testing different mouthwashes.Results:  In both of the cases, differential diagnoses were made to explain the cause of the parotid swelling. However, discontinuing use of the product resulted in an eventual complete resolution of symptoms in both patients.Conclusions:  Swelling of the parotid gland following use of a mouthwash has previously been reported, although previous reports found this side effect only in patients who used chlorhexidine mouthwashes. This complication has therefore been informally linked to chlorhexidine. The present case report questions this hypothesis and suggests that parotid gland swelling may not be related to the type of mouthwash used, but may instead be a consequence of the rinsing action itself.
The plaque inhibitory effect of a CPC mouthrinse in a 3‐day plaque accumulation model – a cross‐over study
Authors: Versteeg PA , Rosema NAM , Hoenderdos NL , Slot DE , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: November 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 269–275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00421.x Versteeg PA, Rosema NAM, Hoenderdos NL, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. The plaque inhibitory effect of a CPC mouthrinse in a 3‐day plaque accumulation model – a cross‐over study.Abstract:  Objective:  To test the plaque inhibitory effect of an experimental 0.07% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthrinse in a 3‐day plaque accumulation model in a cross‐over design.Material and Methods:  A total of 30 subjects (non‐dental students), ≥18 years of age, were randomly assigned to use one of three different mouthrinses three times a day. After 3 days, the subjects returned for the clinical assessments and received a questionnaire to evaluate their attitude towards the product used by them. The cross‐over procedure was repeated twice to have all subjects use all products.Results:  A total of 29 subjects completed the protocol and this resulted in a statistically significant difference between the three groups (P < 0.001) with regard to plaque scores. Over three sessions, the mean plaque scores were 2.17 for the control product, 1.14 for the CPC group and 1.12 for the 0.1% Hexetidine product (positive control). Results of the questionnaire show that, compared with hexetidine, the taste of the CPC was appreciated better, and less oral sensations were observed following rinsing.Conclusion:  The CPC mouthrinse proved to be effective in inhibiting ‘de novo’ plaque formation to an extent similar to that of a 0.1% hexetidine product. Compared with hexetidine, the taste of the CPC was appreciated better and less oral sensations were observed following rinsing.
Long‐term effects of rapid weight gain in children, adolescents and young adults with appropriate birth weight for gestational age: the kiel obesity prevention study
Authors: Hitze B , Bosy‐Westphal A , Plachta‐Danielzik S , Bielfeldt F , Hermanussen M , Müller MJ 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim:  This study investigates the effect of rapid weight gain in term children, adolescents and young adults born appropriate for gestational age.Methods:  In all, 173 girls and 178 boys aged 6.1–19.9 (12.5 ± 3.1)years participated. Rapid weight gain (group 1) was defined as a change in weight‐SDS (standard deviation score) from birth till two years >0.67, ‘no change’ as ≥−0.67 and ≤0.67 (group 2) vs ‘slow weight gain’ as <−0.67 (group 3). BMI‐SDS, waist circumference (WC) z‐score, fat mass (FM)/fat free mass (FFM; Air‐Displacement‐Plethysmography), resting energy expenditure (REE; ventilated hood system), cardio‐metabolic risk factors, serum leptin and adiponectin were assessed. >90th age‐/sex‐specific BMI‐percentile was defined as overweight. Parental BMI, socio‐economic status and lifestyle were assessed as confounders.Results:  A total of 22.8% gained weight rapidly, and 15.7% was overweight. Group 1 compared with group 2 and 3 subjects was taller, heavier and had a higher prevalence of overweight (girls/boys: 26.2%/28.9% vs 11.6%/19.0% vs 2.8%/5.0%; p < 0.01/p < 0.05). Concomitantly, a higher WC, %FM and FFM were observed. Rapid weight gain was positively associated with REE (adjusted for FFM) in boys (r = 0.26; p < 0.01), but not with cardio‐metabolic risk factors.Conclusion:  Rapid weight gain was related to increases in height, weight, a higher prevalence of overweight and central fat distribution. In addition, rapid weight gain was related to a higher REE in boys, but not to cardio‐metabolic risk factors.
Land‐use legacies in a central Appalachian forest: differential response of trees and herbs to historic agricultural practices
Authors: Dyer James M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractQuestion: Are contemporary herb and tree patterns explained by historic land use practices? If so, are observed vegetation patterns associated with life‐history characteristics, soil properties, or other environmental variables?Location: Southeastern Ohio, USA.Methods: Using archival records, currently forested sites were identified with distinct land use histories: cultivated, pasture (but not plowed), and reference sites which appear to have never been cleared. Trees were recorded by size and species on twenty 20 m × 20 m plots; percent cover was estimated for each herb species in nested 10 m × 10 m plots. Environmental characteristics were noted, and soil samples analysed for nutrient availability and organic matter. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination was performed separately on both tree and herb datasets to graphically characterize community composition among plots. Life‐history traits were investigated to explain observed compositional differences.Results: Vegetation patterns were explained by current environmental gradients, especially by land‐use history. Cultivated and pasture sites had similar tree composition, distinct from reference sites. Herb composition of pasture and reference sites was similar and distinct from cultivated sites, suggesting the ‘tenacity’ of some forest herbs on formerly cleared sites. Tilling removes rhizomatous species, and disfavors species with unassisted dispersal. These life‐history traits were underrepresented on cultivated sites, although ant‐dispersed species were not.Conclusions: Historic land‐use practices accounted for as much variation in species composition as environmental gradients. Furthermore, trees and herbs responded differently to past land‐use practices. Life‐history traits of individual species interact with the nature of disturbance to influence community composition.
Modulation of sterol homeostasis by the Cdc42p effectors Cla4p and Ste20p in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lin Meng , Grillitsch Karlheinz , Daum Günther , Just Ursula , Höfken Thomas 
Published: November 2009

The conserved Rho‐type GTPase Cdc42p is a key regulator of signal transduction and polarity in eukaryotic cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc42p promotes polarized growth through the p21‐activated kinases Ste20p and Cla4p. Previously, we demonstrated that Ste20p forms a complex with Erg4p, Cbr1p and Ncp1p, which all catalyze important steps in sterol biosynthesis. CLA4 interacts genetically with ERG4 and NCP1. Furthermore, Erg4p, Ncp1p and Cbr1p play important roles in cell polarization during vegetative growth, mating and filamentation. As Ste20p and Cla4p are involved in these processes it seems likely that sterol biosynthetic enzymes and p21‐activated kinases act in related pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of either STE20 or CLA4 results in increased levels of sterols. In addition, higher concentrations of steryl esters, the storage form of sterols, were observed in cla4Δ cells. CLA4 expression from a multicopy plasmid reduces enzyme activity of Are2p, the major steryl ester synthase, under aerobic conditions. Altogether, our data suggest that Ste20p and Cla4p may function as negative modulators of sterol biosynthesis. Moreover, Cla4p has a negative effect on steryl ester formation. As sterol homeostasis is crucial for cell polarization, Ste20p and Cla4p may regulate cell polarity in part through the modulation of sterol homeostasis.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7291456: STE20 (uniprotkb:Q03497) physically interacts (MI:0915) with CBR1 (uniprotkb:P38626) by ubiquitin reconstruction (MI:0112)
MINT‐7291480: STE20 (uniprotkb:Q03497) physically interacts (MI:0915) with BEM1 (uniprotkb:P29366) by ubiquitin reconstruction (MI:0112)
MINT‐7291468: STE20 (uniprotkb:Q03497) physically interacts (MI:0915) with NCP1 (uniprotkb:P16603) by ubiquitin reconstruction (MI:0112)
MINT‐7291441: STE20 (uniprotkb:Q03497) physically interacts (MI:0915) with ERG4 (uniprotkb:P25340) by ubiquitin reconstruction (MI:0112)
MINT‐7291492: CLA4 (uniprotkb:P48562) physically interacts (MI:0915) with BEM1 (uniprotkb:P29366) by ubiquitin reconstruction (MI:0112)
MINT‐7291412: STE20 (uniprotkb:Q03497) physically interacts (MI:0915) with ARE1 (uniprotkb:P25628) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐7291424: STE20 (uniprotkb:Q03497) physically interacts (MI:0915) with ARE2 (uniprotkb:P53629) by pull down (MI:0096)
First high-resolution detection of a warm absorber in the Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C 382
Authors: Torresi E. , Grandi P. , Longinotti A. L. , Guainazzi M. , Palumbo G. G. C. , Tombesi F. , Nucita A. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Recent high-resolution measurements suggest that the soft X-ray spectrum of obscured radio galaxies exhibits signatures of photoionized gas (e.g. 3C 445 and 3C 33) similar to those observed in radio-quiet obscured active galactic nuclei. While signatures of warm absorbing gas covering a wide range of temperature and ionization states have been detected in about one-half of the population of nearby type 1 Seyfert galaxies, no traces of warm absorber gas have been reported to date in the high-resolution spectra of broad-line radio galaxies (BLRG). We present here the first detection of a soft X-ray warm absorber in the powerful Fanaroff–Riley type II BLRG 3C 382 using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on-board XMM–Newton. The absorption gas appears to be highly ionized, with column density of the order of 1022 cm−2, ionization parameter log ξ &gt; 2 erg cm s−1 and outflow velocities of the order of 103 km s−1. The absorption lines may come from regions located outside the torus, however, at distances less than 60 pc. This result may indicate that a plasma ejected at velocities near the speed of light and a photoionized gas with slower outflow velocities can coexist in the same source beyond the broad-line regions.
BP NEURAL NETWORK FOR EVALUATING SENSORY TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF COOKED SAUSAGE
Authors: DONG QING‐LI 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT In order to replace sensory evaluation by instrumental measurement with more accuracy for texture properties of cooked sausage, correlation analysis between sensory and instrumental texture was established by multiple regression and back propagation (BP) neural network, respectively. Effect of different fat, salt, moisture and starch addition on the texture of cooked sausage was also investigated in this paper. It indicated that the accuracy and goodness of fit of predicting sensory hardness, cohesiveness and juiciness by BP neural network were more significant than those by multiple regressions with lower root mean square error and standard error of prediction. Although both accuracy and bias factors of two models were in acceptable range, BP neural network provides an accurate and selective method for predicting sensory texture evaluation in similar meat products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe effect of different fat, salt, moisture and starch addition on textural properties of cooked sausage could be valuable to the meat industry in order to select the appropriate components for improving the texture of sausage. Artificial neural network technology used in this study can be useful for the fast, on‐time and convenient detection of texture measurement by instrumental instead of sensory evaluation.
ASSESSING CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS FOR FOOD BARS BY CONJOINT ANALYSIS
Authors: MAHANNA K. , MOSKOWITZ H.R. , LEE S.‐Y. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTFood bars, which include meal replacement, protein, granola and cereal bars, have rapidly increased in sales with current estimation of above $3.2 billion. Despite such rapid growth in the market, research on consumer expectations for these products is still lacking. Conjoint analysis was used to probe the effect of different elements of food bar products on purchase intent, including types of bar, ingredients, macro‐nutrients, health claims, calories and sensory characteristics. Overall, consumers wanted a food bar to be less than 150 kcal, made with whole grains and higher in protein. Consumers divided into four mind‐set segments were characterized as “Label Readers” (n = 213), “Calorie Health Nuts” (n = 90), “Flavor Energy Seekers” (n = 79) and “Chocolate Lovers” (n = 44). Sensory characteristics and types of bar categories were not important to consumers, although calorie elements played the largest role in motivating purchase intent for food bars.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results found from this research help to guide new product development in the food bar market by identifying the desires of specific consumer segments. Consumers were interested in food bar products with lower calorie content, which supports the idea that food bars are more typically consumed as a snack than a meal replacement. Half of the sample consumers tested belonged to the “Label Readers” segment. These consumers are interested in a healthful food bar product high in fiber. Development of a bar that is considered healthful would appeal not only to the “Label Readers” segment, but also to the “Calorie Health Nuts” segment. When developing a food bar product, the labeled bar type or sensory claims are not important to consumers. Consumers are more interested in the ingredients and caloric content of the food bar.
SENSORY APPROACH TO MEASURE FRAGRANCE INTENSITY ON THE SKIN
Authors: CORTEZ‐PEREIRA CLAUDIA SILVA , BABY ANDRÉ ROLIM , KANEKO TELMA MARY , VELASCO MARIA VALÉRIA ROBLES 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Sensory analysis is a precise and descriptive measuring technique to quantify human responses to stimuli. Odor, one of these stimuli, is basically the result of the interaction between a chemical stimulus and the olfactory receptor system, which can be described using a number of different dimensions and measures through different sensory tests: threshold, intensity and quality. To measure fragrance performance on the skin, these parameters are very important, but the main attribute to be evaluated is substantivity, thus the importance of the sensory scale chosen to measure perception, discriminate different intensities and determine the substantivity of the fragrance. Some studies comparing the labeled magnitude scale (LMS) with other magnitude scales and their derivations showed that the use of the LMS scale to measure fragrance intensity could semantically understand the intensity of the stimulus. Tests using this scale confirmed the applicability and efficiency of the LMS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe objective of this article is to review the techniques used to measure odor and fragrance intensities applied on the skin. The review shows general sensory techniques and their goals, the newest olfactory mechanism and its contribution to sensory evaluation and which attributes should be considered to measure odor. Substantivity/retentivity or longevity can be regarded as the most important attributes if you want to measure fragrance performance on the skin. Past studies showed different scales tested to measure odor, and some of them demonstrated that the labeled magnitude scale is very suitable to measure fragrance on the skin.
CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF FAT REDUCTION IN CHEESE
Authors: CHILDS JESSICA L. , DRAKE MARYANNE 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the consumer perception of fat reduction in cheese. Choice‐based conjoint analysis surveys for Cheddar and mozzarella cheeses (n = 179 and 171 consumers, respectively) were developed using results from focus groups conducted with users and nonusers of lower fat cheeses. Factors investigated were fat content, flavor, texture and price of cheese. Relative importance of product attributes was determined through a realistic trade‐off scenario. Consumer acceptance testing (n = 101) was then conducted on Cheddar and mozzarella cheeses with varying levels of fat reduction. Conjoint analysis results suggested that a 2% milk Cheddar cheese would be most appealing among fat reduced Cheddar cheeses and that a part‐skim mozzarella would be more appealing than a fat‐free mozzarella, and these results were confirmed by consumer acceptance testing. These results confirm that most consumers are not willing to sacrifice flavor or texture for fat reduction in cheeses. Significant changes in flavor and texture are needed for a low‐fat Cheddar cheese to have widespread consumer appeal.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study found that most consumers are not accepting of lower fat Cheddar or mozzarella cheeses when their flavor and texture are different from the full‐fat version of the cheese, even if those differences are small. These results are in contrast to the rise in obesity in the United States, consumer interest in fat‐reduced foods and industry and government interest in offering sensible lower fat versions of foods. For a true low‐fat version of Cheddar cheese to have widespread consumer appeal, significant changes in flavor and texture are required. These results will help cheese manufacturers understand what changes need to be made in order to successfully develop a lower fat cheese that will appeal to consumers. In addition, if manufacturers are able to provide this product, consumers will be able to purchase and consume a lower fat cheese that they enjoy and feel good about eating.
Economic Diversity and Regional Socioeconomic Performance: An Empirical Analysis of the Western Australian Grain Belt
Authors: DAVIES AMANDA , TONTS MATTHEW 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne of the truisms ingrained in much regional development policy and practice is the claimed importance of economic diversity in contributing to socio‐economic stability and well‐being. There is, however, very little recent research examining this contention in the context of rural Australia. This paper examines the extent to which economic diversity affects the socio‐economic performance of local areas in the Western Australian grain belt. The results indicate that employment diversity across industry sectors is clearly associated with population growth, labour force expansion, labour force participation, and rising median incomes. However, the paper also argues that economic diversity is not necessarily the cause of these changes, but simply one, albeit important, component of the dynamics of regional change.
Relationship between vegetation of the levee neo‐ecosystems and environmental heterogeneity in the Lower Delta of the Paraná River, Argentina
Authors: Kalesnik Fabio , Aceñolaza Pablo , Hurtado Martín , Martínez Jorge 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe relationship between environmental heterogeneity and the vegetation of the levee neo‐ecosystems in the Delta of the Paraná River was studied. These habitat types were considered plant communities of recent origin related to local productive activities. Vegetation coverage was evaluated in 97 plots of three different environmental units (A, B and C), using classification analysis, indirect and direct ordinations. The differential vegetation in different environmental units could be related to a greater fluvial influence of the Paraná River on unit A and a greater tidal influence of the de la Plata River on units B and C. The Lower Delta hydrological regimes only affect a few of edaphic variables particularly pH, organic matter percentage and clay content. To understand the spatial pattern of neo‐ecosystems vegetation, it is also necessary to consider the invasion of alien species that has been taking place for over 50 years.
Feline extranodal lymphoma: response to chemotherapy and survival in 110 cats
Authors: Taylor S. S. , Goodfellow M. R. , Browne W. J. , Walding B. , Murphy S. , Tzannes S. , Gerou‐Ferriani M. , Schwartz A. , Dobson J. M. 
Published: November 2009

Objective:To determine response to treatment, survival and prognostic factors for feline extranodal lymphoma in the UK.Methods:Records of cats diagnosed with lymphoma of extranodal sites at seven referral centres were reviewed and information on signalment, tumour location, prior treatment and chemotherapy protocol recorded. Factors influencing response to treatment and survival were assessed.Results:One hundred and forty‐nine cases met inclusion criteria. Sixty‐nine cats had nasal lymphoma, 35 renal, 15 central nervous system, 11 laryngeal and 19 miscellaneous locations. Sixty‐six cats received cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone, 25 Wisconsin‐Madison doxorubicin‐containing multi‐agent protocol, 10 prednisolone alone and nine other combinations. The response rate for the 110 treated cats was 85·5 per cent. Of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone treated cats 72·7 per cent achieved complete remission, median survival 239 days. Sixty‐four per cent of Wisconsin‐Madison treated cats achieved complete remission, median survival 563 days. Cats with nasal lymphoma achieving complete remission had the longest survival (749 days) and cats with central nervous system lymphoma the shortest (70 days). If complete remission was achieved, prior treatment with corticosteroids significantly reduced survival time.ClinicalSignificance:Cats with extranodal lymphoma respond to chemotherapy and achieve survival times comparable to other locations. Corticosteroid pretreatment reduced survival time in cats achieving complete remission.