bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF DDT RESISTANCE IN CERTAIN MAYFLIES IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Grant C. D. , Brown A. W. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of the mayfly Heptagenia hebe McDunnough in areas of New Brunswick air-sprayed with DDT for budworm control for eight successive years, when tested as nymphs taken from the streams, showed LC50 levels 3 times as high as those in untreated areas. Populations surviving an airspray in 1965 proved to be 12 to 40 times as DDT-resistant as the normal. Pre-spray populations of Stenonema fuscum (Clemens) showed a 5-fold resistance, and post-spray populations of Stenonema interpunctatum (Say) showed a 10-fold DDT resistance when those from treated areas were compared with those from untreated. The DDT-resistant nymphs of H. hebe detoxified DDT to DDE 15 times faster than the normal nymphs; DDE was also the metabolite in S. interpunctatum. In both these species the DDT-resistant nymphs absorbed roughly twice as much DDT as the normal.
A METHOD FOR REARING THE ROOT WEEVIL, HYLOBIUS WARRENI (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Cerezke H. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA technique for rearing the root weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood, is described and figured. Plastic cages containing weevils were attached to stumps placed in pans containing moist moss. Observations of adult behaviour and records of eggs deposited, egg mortality, and early larval development are presented as evidence of success of the technique. Third instar larvae were obtained without handling and required only the addition of moisture.
ACICNEMIDINAE IN NORTH AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Zimmerman Elwood C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe subfamily Acicnemidinae is for the first time recorded in America, descriptive details and illustrations are given for its introduced representative, the EuropeanTrachodes hispidus(Linnaeus), notes on the distribution and synonymy of Acicnemidinae andTrachodesare presented, and the subfamily keys of Blatchley and Leng and of Kissinger are emended to include the Acicnemidinae.
A NEW GENUS AND A NEW SPECIES OF PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChrysothyridia n. gen., related to Didymostoma Warren, is described, with Gonocausta invertalis Snellen as type-species. C. triangulifera n. sp., from the Philippines, type locality Mt. Makiling, Luzon, is described. Didymostoma is recognized as distinct from Bocchoris Moore and Bocchoris aurotinctalis Hampson is transferred to Didymostoma.
A BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF EPINOTIA SOLANDRIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), A LEAF ROLLER ON BIRCH IN ONTARIO
Authors: Lindquist O. H. , Macleod L. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life history and habits of Epinotia solandriana Linnaeus are discussed and the immature stages described. Information is given on distribution, host trees, variations in wing pattern of the adults, laboratory rearing, and parasites.
SPERM DEPLETION IN CHEMOSTERILIZED AND NORMAL MALES OF THE YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Sharma V. P. , Rai K. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe apholate-sterilized males of Aedes aegypti deplete their sperm earlier than the normal males. This indicates reduced fecundity of the sterilized mosquitoes and may result from either death of gonial cells at different stages of development or an inhibited rate of spermatogenesis.
A TRAP FOR THE DETECTION AND RECOVERY OF INSECTS IN STORED GRAIN
Authors: Loschiavo S. R. , Atkinson J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA trap that excludes grain kernels but permits the entry of grain beetles and mites is described. It may be used as a sampling device to detect insect infestations in stored grain. Sampling may be done with little disturbance to the surrounding grain and since the insects cannot escape, the trap can be left in position for prolonged periods.
DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (HEMEROCAMPA PSEUDOTSUGATA) EGG-MASS DISTRIBUTION ON WHITE FIR IN NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA
Authors: Luck Robert F. , Dahlsten Donald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe distribution of Douglas-fir tussock moth (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata McD.) egg-masses on white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lindl.) was studied in three areas of northern California. In each area 100 trees between 4.5 and 8.4 in. in diameter were stratified into five defoliation classes and four crown classes, giving a total of 20 classes per study area with five trees per class. Trees were divided into four crown levels and samples were taken at each of the cardinal directions at each level. Two branches comprised n sample unit in the top half of the tree (eight branches per level) and one branch the sample unit in the bottom half of the tree (four branches per level). Egg masses were recorded per 10 sq. ft of foliage or branch area. Eighty per cent or more of the egg masses were found in the bottom half of the crown. This percentage in the bottom half of the crown increased on trees with heavy defoliation or with increased exposure of the crown. Of the four possible sources of variation considered in this study, crown level, defoliation class, and crown class were significant while cardinal direction was not. A sampling method is proposed on the basis of the information gathered in this investigation.
THE COLUMBIAN TIMBER BEETLE, CORTHYLUS COLUMBIANUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IV. INTRASTAND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Crozier Robert G. , Giese Ronald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCorthylus columbianus Hopkins became permanently established in. the study area in southern Indiana during 1940–62. Three epicenters were present in 1945. Two of these shifted, expanded, and merged the following year. The two remaining epicenters merged during the first outbreak. As the population declined after the first outbreak and began retreating toward the center of the stand, two epicenters were again definable. One of these alternately expanded and contracted for several years demonstrating, qualitatively, that epicenters are definable and dynamic in time and space. That is, any particular locus undergoes some degree of areal shift each year and varies in size through time.Quantitatively, attack and egg cradle densities within the epicenters follow the same pattern. Densities were generally lowest in the newly invaded areas. Except during epiphytotics, highest density areas were usually aggregated near the center of the stand, but shifted from year to year. For example, only one tree contained a high density in 1954; by 1956 the high density area had shifted spatially and encompassed 10% of the study trees.An “indigenous population” of C. columbianus is an areal concept. The insect withdrew to certain areas, not certain trees, during times of low population numbers. The “brood” tree concept–a single tree containing all or a majority of the population during times of low population numbers–is rejected in the case of the Columbian timber beetle for the study area in southern Indiana.
IMMATURE STAGES OF SOME LEPIDOPTERA OF DURANGO, MEXICO
Authors: McGuffin W. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper is the first in a series on the Lepidoptera of the Sierra Madre Occidental area of Durango, Mexico. The immature stages of eight species of Geometridae are described in detail: Grossbeckia semimaculata Barnes and McDunnough, Semiothisa cyda (Druce), Galenara lallata (Hulst), Glena interpunctata interpunctata (Barnes and McDunnough), Iridopsis sp., Anacamptodes angulata Rindge, Phaeoura kirkwoodi Rindge, and Sicya snoviaria Hulst. Less detailed descriptions or short notes are given for the pierids Colias caesonia (Stoll) and Eucheira socialis Westwood; the arctiids Halisidota propinqua Henry Edwards and Arachnis perotensis Schaus; the noctuids Lichnoptera gulo Herrich-Schaeffer and Lacinipolia eucyria Dyar; a notodontid, Disphragis edwardsi Druce; a lasiocampid, Malacosoma incurvum aztecum (Neumogen); a pyralid, Dioryctria rossi Munroe; and an olethreutid, Petrova albicapitana (Busck).
ECOLOGY OF SPECIES OF BOMBUS (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA: VI. SUBGENUS PYROBOMBUS
Authors: Hobbs G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOf the 21 Nearctic species of Pyrobombus Dalla Torre 11 are known to occur in southern Alberta. Distribution, macrohabitat, microhabitat, and period of nest establishment of the 11 species are compared. The behavioral patterns of camouflaging entrances to underground and false-underground hives, gathering material for nests, constructing first- and succeeding-brood egg cells, producing second-generation colonies, storing honey and pollen and producing wax, superseding intra- and inter-specifically, and mating and hibernating are compared both intra- and inter-subgenerically. Most of the behavioral patterns were common to all southern Alberta species of Pyrobombus; some were common only to certain species indicating a close relationship between these species, and one pattern was common to species in two subgenera but to only 4 of the 11 species of Pyrobombus. Thus, evolutionary trends were indicated. The enemies Psithyrus spp., Volucella bombylans (L.), and inclement weather are discussed.
A SUCCESSFUL METHOD FOR ARTIFICIALLY HIBERNATING MEGABOMBUS F. FERVIDUS, AND NOTES ON A RELATED SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE; BOMBINAE)
Authors: Milliron H. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMegabombus f. fervidus (F.) queens were successfully hibernated in 1961–62 under artificial conditions that are described in detail. One-half succumbed within 3 days after being removed to conditions allowing resumption of active behavior, and 68.7% perished by the end of 3 weeks. Hibernation and (or) post-hibernation survival are believed to be dependent on the amount of fat bodies metabolized prior to this dispause period. Infertile queens (and possibly large workers) are capable of hibernating. It has been discovered that during hibernation the spermatozoa encyst in the spermatheea of fervidus, and it is probable that this phenomenon is not unusual to most species hibernating under cold conditions.
PREVALENCE OF SPIDERS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE AS PREDATORS IN ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARDS
Authors: Putman W. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPhilodromus spp., especially praelustris Keyserlmg, and sometimes Theridion murarium were the only abundant spiders in peach orchards, though small numbers of many other species were present. No satisfactory method of sampling the population density of all species was discovered. The spider population as a whole reached a minor peak in June and a much higher peak in early August. A single tree may contain more than 200 spiders. When fed only on Panonychus ulmi (Koch), young P. praelustris eventually died without moulting; young of T. murarium moulted once or twice but their development was slower than that of those in the orchards. Chironomids were the commonest prey of P. praelustris and apparently of other spiders in the orchards.Spiders collected from peach plots with different densities of P. ulmi and Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson were examined for pigments of these mites by paper chromatography. Some spiders in all collections had fed on the mites, and the percentage that had done so usually varied directly with mite density in the plots. Spiders form part of the complex of minor predators that aid the major predators in regulating the density of P. ulmi at endemic levels.
THE EFFECT OF REARING TEMPERATURE ON THE SIZE AND FAT CONTENT OF THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE
Authors: Atkins Michael D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDouglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., broods developed more rapidly at a constant 21 °C. than at 13 °C. or at the temperature outdoors during the summer. The dry weight and fat content of young larvae developed at 13 °C. were lowest, whereas the dry weight and fat content of adults reared at 13 °C. were highest. Adults reared outdoors had the lowest dry weight and fat content. The differences in weight and accumulated fat are attributed to the effect of temperature on the length of time available for feeding, and on the rate of metabolism in the various developmental stages. Variations in temperature during the prediapause–diapause period also produce changes in the relation between the size and fat content of the adults.
THE BISEXUAL AND AGAMIC GENERATIONS OF BESBICUS MIRABILIS (HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE), AND THEIR ASSOCIATE INSECTS
Authors: Evans David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlternation of generations, or heterogony, wherein progeny resemble their grandparents but not their parents, is a little-known aspect of some cynipid life histories. This study represents the first record of its occurrence within the genus Besbicus, until now recognized solely from agamic females. The bisexual generation described herein has not been described previously. The literature on B. mirabilis (Kinsey) is reviewed briefly and some of the difficulties of cynipid study are assessed. The life history and ecology of both generations is presented and the immediate insect associates are discussed.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE ENGELMANN SPRUCE WEEVIL, PISSODES ENGELMANNI (CURCULIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA) AND ITS PARASITES AND PREDATORS
Authors: Stevenson Robert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Engelmann spruce weevil, Pissodes engelmanni Hopkins, is an indigenous pest of spruce regeneration in western Canada and the adjacent United States. It is univoltine, overwintering as an adult in the duff beneath the host trees. Eggs are deposited in feeding punctures in the terminal leader. Larvae feed downward in the phloem causing two or more years loss of height growth. Deformities incurred by three or more consecutive years of weevil attacks produce a tree of no commercial value. The incidence of weevilling is most numerous in open grown, even-aged, young stands. Of 14 insect parasites and one predator, Dolichomitus terebrans nubilipennis (Viereck), Eurytoma pissodis Girault and Lonchaea corticis Taylor are considered principal natural control agents.
DEVELOPMENT AND MORTALITY OF THE APPLE MAGGOT, RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA, IN CRAB APPLES
Authors: Neilson W. T. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEggs of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) laid in Siberian crab, Malus baccata Borkh., hatched, but the larvae did not develop beyond the first instar. The small amount of feeding indicated that death occurred within a few days after hatching. Similar incidents of complete mortality occurred in the crab apples of Malus toringoides Hughes, Dupont Flowering, Henrietta Crosby, and Almey that were infested in the laboratory. Larvae were able to complete their development in the crab apples of Bedford, Pink, Beauty, Dolgo, Virginia, and Chestnut. The causes of this mortality are unknown.
A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT LIGHTS IN TRAPS FOR CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Belton Peter , Pucat Amalia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effectiveness of incandescent and cool white and black light fluorescent lamps was compared in traps used to sample biting midges, mainly Culicoides sanguisuga (Coq.), around Lac Serpent, Quebec, between 17 June and 31 July 1966. The ratio of the modified geometric mean nightly catches of the lamps was about 1:1:40, respectively. A New Jersey trap with a fluorescent black light is highly effective, and to some extent selective, for Culicoides spp.
DIEL PERIODICITY IN SENSITIVITY OF TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) TO DICOFOL
Authors: Fisher R. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, showed a pronounced two-peak diel periodicity of susceptibility to dicofol, in a natural regimen of light: dark. The first occurred between 0200 and 0500 hours and the second between 1300 and 1800 hours. Mortality dropped sharply after sunrise (0441 hours) and again an hour before sunset (2002 hours). Lowest mortality occurred near midday. Egg-laying was inversely related to mortality over the 24-hour period.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE AMBROSIA BEETLE XYLOTERINUS POLITUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: MacLean David B. , Giese Ronald L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHead capsule measurements of the ambrosia beetle Xyloterinus politus (Say) revealed three larval instars. The xylomycetophagous larvae lengthened their cradles and a positive correlation existed between head width and cradle length. A sex factor of 0.84 was in favor of the female adults. Dissection of active galleries revealed only a single female per gallery. Males were never seen to initiate or excavate a gallery and were forced from the entrance hole by the female when placed in an active attack. The gallery system studied was simple, the entrance hole penetrated into the sapwood for a variable distance before it branched into secondary tunnels at right angles to the main gallery.Eggs were laid singly in cup-shaped cradles excavated by the female. The cradle openings were plugged with frass throughout the duration of the immature stages. Callow adults emerged from the cradles by forcing the frass plug covering the entrance, and re-entered, their position reversed to feed upon the ambrosial fungus growing on the cradle walk X. politus overwintered as an adult in the old cradles and galleries. Larvae of Ipideurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), probably a larval parasite of X. politus, were found in cradles.
AN EXTRACTION METHOD FOR RAPID COUNTS OF INSECT EGGS AND SMALL ORGANISMS
Authors: Condrashoff S. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsect eggs and small organisms may be removed from foliage or bark with solvents and recovered on filter paper. Tests with Acleris variana (Fern.) showed that 96 per cent of eggs were recovered compared to 47–70 per cent counted on foliage. Tests indicated that the extraction method required one-third to one-tenth the time spent in counting the organisms on foliage. The extraction method was more consistent than counts on foliage, and less affected by differences in personnel and working conditions. The method and the solvent must be selected and modified to suit the organism.
A Spray Nozzle Composed of Three Concentric Tubes
Authors: Randall A. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn account is given of the development of a spray nozzle consisting of three steel hypodermic needles coaxially arranged to form three concentric tubes. Air from the inner passage and outer annular orifice atomizes the liquid issuing from the intermediate annular orifice. The resultant effect is an improved control over spray breakup and deposit. A description of the nozzle, its performance characteristics and some application to the study of insect toxicology are presented.
DISTRIBUTION OF CHOLINESTERASE IN THE LARVAE OF HYPODERMA BOVIS AND HYPODERMA LINEATUM (DIPTERA: OESTRIDAE) AND ITS INHIBITION BY SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES
Authors: Steward C. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of Hypoderma bovis (L.) and H. lineatum (De Vill.) when incubated with the substrate acetylthiocholine iodide showed the presence of cholinesterase throughout the central nervous system and sense organs, in gonads, oenocytes, Malpighian tubes, anlagen of adult structures, part of the posterior midintestine, and at the junctions of the muscles of the body wall. Incubation with the substrate 5-bromoindoxyl acetate showed all the aforementioned and in addition demonstrated the presence of aliesterase (organophosphorus-sensitive esterase) in the cell cytoplasm of all the midintestinal epithelium, the ring gland, tracheal epithelium, salivary duct epithelium, and in the perineurium of the nerve sheath. Aromesterase (organophosphorus-resistant esterase) was particularly abundant in the epithelium of the midintestine. Lipase was prominent in the lipid droplets of the fat body cells and in similar droplets in the haemocytes.When the larvae or their tissues, prior to incubation with the substrates, were treated with any one of the three organophosphorus insecticides coumaphos (Co-Ral), trichlorfon (Neguvon, Dipterex), or Ruelene, the cholinesterase was inhibited and so was much of the aliesterase, but not the aromesterase or lipase. Fixation of the larval tissues in formalin did not result in loss of enzyme activity, but on the other hand was not necessary for good histochemical demonstration of the enzymes.It is concluded that these insecticides by their anticholinesterase action kill the first-instar cattle grubs before the latter can migrate to the lumbar region of the bovine host.
ANNOTATED KEYS TO SOME NEARCTIC LEAF-MINING LEPIDOPTERA ON CONIFERS
Authors: Freeman T. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper contains six annotated keys to the larval behavior of 28 species of Lepidoptera that mine the leaves of Picea spp., Abies spp., Tsuga canadensis (L.), Larix spp., Juniperus spp, and Thuja occidentalis L.
INFLUENCE OF WILD FLOWERS ON PARASITISM OF TENT CATERPILLAR AND CODLING MOTH
Authors: Leius K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurveys in unsprayed orchards showed that the wild flowers that are food sources for adult parasites influence the extent to which host Lepidoptera are parasitized. Proportionately about 18 times as many tent caterpillar pupae were parasitized in orchards with rich undergrowths of wild flowers as in orchards with poor floral undergrowths. The corresponding figures for tent caterpillar egg parasitisms were about 4 to 1, and for codling moth larvae about 5 to 1. Orchards with average undergrowths of wild flowers produced intermediate figures.
ON CONIFEROPHAGOUS SPECIES OF CHORISTONEURA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: IV. SEXUAL ISOLATION BETWEEN THREE SPECIES
Authors: Campbell I. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTests of sexual isolation indicate that, in the absence of temporal and spatial isolation, the strict mating behavior of the females and the high sexual aggressiveness of the males of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) would obstruct any inward flow of genes from either C. occidentalis Free, or C. biennis Free. Under these same conditions, however, the two latter species may receive genes from C. fumiferana, since, in tests, their females mated indiscriminately and their males were less aggressive than those of C. fumiferana.
Notes on the Biology of the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Ontario and Quebec
Authors: Finnegan R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pitted ambrosia beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.), was studied during widespread infestations in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands of southern Ontario and Quebec. A brief description of each stage of the insect is given, and its life history and habits, as well as the damage caused to the host plant are discussed.
BIOLOGY AND DOWNSTREAM DRIFT OF SOME OREGON TRICHOPTERA
Authors: Anderson N. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractData are given on the biology of several species of Trichoptera in the Metolius River, Oregon, based on drift and benthos samples. Twenty-seven species were collected. Species of Limnephilidae, Brachycentridae, Hydroptilidae, and Lepidostomatidae were important drift components. The Metolius River is extremely productive, with a mean density of larval Trichoptera of 7400 per square meter in benthos samples and a maximum of 5000 per 24 hours in drift-trap samples. Different species varied in their tendency to drift, in the age class distribution in the drift, and in diel periodicity. Drift-trap collecting is shown to be a useful method of studying aspects of behavior such as the dispersal of larvae and the emergence of pupae.