bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
False‐Positive Meconium Test Results for Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Secondary to Delayed Sample Collection
Authors: Zelner Irene , Hutson Janine R. , Kapur Bhushan M. , Feig Denice S. , Koren Gideon 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundMeconium analysis for fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) is a validated method for identifying heavy prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure. This study investigated whether delayed sample collection can result in false‐positive test results for FAEEs because of collection of samples potentially contaminated with postnatally produced stool.MethodsSerial excretions were prospectively collected from neonates born to nondrinking mothers to capture the transition from meconium to postnatal stool. These were analyzed for FAEEs using headspace‐solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experiments involving incubation of samples with glucose or EtOH were performed to explore a potential mechanism of FAEE elevation.ResultsA total of 136 samples were collected from 30 neonates during their first few days of life (median of 4 samples/baby over a mean period of 68.5 hours postpartum). Although the first‐collected meconium sample tested negative for FAEEs in all babies, later samples tested above the 2 nmol/g positive cutoff in 19 of 30 babies. Median time to appearance of FAEE‐positive samples was 59.2 hours postpartum. In vitro experiments demonstrated that FAEE levels can be further increased in late samples (likely containing postnatal stool) after incubation with glucose, and that FAEEs are readily formed in meconium in the presence of EtOH.ConclusionsCollection of samples excreted later in the postpartum period can lead to false‐positive test results for FAEEs, which could be because of contamination with dietary components of postnatally produced stool and EtOH‐producing microorganisms. Clinically, it is critical to collect the earliest possible excretion for determination of FAEEs to ensure that the FAEE content is representative of in utero EtOH exposure.
Forecasting the Effect of the Amethyst Initiative on College Drinking
Authors: Fitzpatrick Ben G. , Scribner Richard , Ackleh Azmy S. , Rasul Jawaid , Jacquez Geoffrey , Simonsen Neal , Rommel Robert 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundA number of college presidents have endorsed the Amethyst Initiative, a call to consider lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). Our objective is to forecast the effect of the Amethyst Initiative on college drinking.MethodsA system model of college drinking simulates MLDA changes through (i) a decrease in heavy episodic drinking (HED) because of the lower likelihood of students drinking in unsupervised settings where they model irresponsible drinking (misperception), and (ii) an increase in overall drinking among currently underage students because of increased social availability of alcohol (wetness).ResultsFor the proportion of HEDs on campus, effects of large decreases in misperception of responsible drinking behavior were more than offset by modest increases in wetness.ConclusionsFor the effect of lowering the MLDA, it appears that increases in social availability of alcohol have a stronger impact on drinking behavior than decreases in misperceptions.
Nucleus Accumbens mGluR5‐Associated Signaling Regulates Binge Alcohol Drinking Under Drinking‐in‐the‐Dark Procedures
Authors: Cozzoli Debra K. , Courson Justin , Caruana Amanda L. , Miller Bailey W. , Greentree Daniel I. , Thompson Andrew B. , Wroten Melissa G. , Zhang Ping‐Wu , Xiao Bo , Hu Jia‐Hua , Klugmann Matthias , Metten Pamela , Worley Paul F. , Crabbe John C. , Szumlinski Karen K. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundAlcohol increases the expression of Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and their associated scaffolding protein Homer2 and stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) within the nucleus accumbens (NAC). Moreover, functional studies suggest that NAC Group 1 mGluR/Homer2/PI3K signaling may be a potential target for pharmacotherapeutic intervention in alcoholism.MethodsImmunoblotting was conducted to examine the effects of alcohol consumption under drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) procedures on Group 1 mGluR‐associated proteins in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Follow‐up behavioral studies examined the importance of Group 1 mGluR/Homer2/PI3K signaling within the NAC shell for limited‐access alcohol drinking. Finally, immunoblotting examined whether the NAC expression of Group 1 mGluR‐associated proteins is a genetic correlate of high alcohol drinking using a selectively bred high DID (HDID‐1) mouse line.ResultsLimited‐access alcohol drinking under DID procedures up‐regulated NAC shell Homer2 levels, concomitant with increases in mGluR5 and NR2B. Intra‐NAC shell blockade of mGluR5, Homer2, or PI3K signaling, as well as transgenic disruption of the Homer binding site on mGluR5, decreased alcohol consumption in B6 mice. Moreover, transgenic disruption of the Homer binding site on mGluR5 and Homer2 deletion both prevented the attenuating effect of mGluR5 and PI3K blockade upon intake. Finally, the basal NAC shell protein expression of mGluR1 and Homer2 was increased in offspring of HDID‐1 animals.ConclusionsTaken together, these data further implicate Group 1 mGluR signaling through Homer2 within the NAC in excessive alcohol consumption.
The Insurance Industry's Talent Gap and Where We Go From Here
Authors: Cole Cassandra R. , McCullough Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere is concern among insurers and related firms in the United States and abroad that there will be a shortage of skilled insurance professionals in the next few years as current workers retire. Though there have been discussions among insurers, organizations, and academics as to how to address this issue, until recently, each group has been primarily working in isolation. The Insurance Education & Career Summit, which took place in September 2011, brought together 110 individuals across these groups for the purpose of creating a unified strategy to both attract and retain skilled workers to the insurance industry and work to create the next generation of insurance executives. This article provides a brief background on the talent gap issue. We also discuss its potential impact on the insurance industry. Finally, we summarize the main obstacles identified by Summit participants to both attracting and retaining skilled workers as well as the strategies developed to overcome these obstacles.
Glutamatergic changes in the cerebral white matter associated with schizophrenic exacerbation
Authors: Ota M. , Ishikawa M. , Sato N. , Hori H. , Sasayama D. , Hattori K. , Teraishi T. , Nakata Y. , Kunugi H. 
Published: March 2012

Ota M, Ishikawa M, Sato N, Hori H, Sasayama D, Hattori K, Teraishi T, Nakata Y, Kunugi H. Glutamatergic changes in the cerebral white matter associated with schizophrenic exacerbation.Objective:  Glutamatergic dysfunction in the brain has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study was aimed to examine several brain chemical mediators, including Glx (glutamate + glutamine), using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in medicated patients with schizophrenia, with and without psychotic exacerbation.Method:  1H MRS was acquired in 24 patients with schizophrenia, with psychotic exacerbation; 22 patients without exacerbation; and 27 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. The levels of metabolites were measured in the left frontal and inferior parietal white matter and compared across the three groups.Results:  The Glx level was significantly elevated in the left inferior parietal white matter in the patients with psychotic exacerbation in comparison with that in the healthy volunteers and the patients without exacerbation (P < 0.05). We also detected that there was a significant correlation between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale‐positive scale and Glx level in the left parietal white matter (r = 0.51, P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Higher than normal Glx levels indicate glutamatergic overactivity in the left inferior parietal white matter with schizophrenic exacerbation, a finding that is in accordance with the glutamatergic hypothesis in schizophrenia. The Glx level measured by 1H MRS could be a biomarker for exacerbation in schizophrenia.
Who Gives a Tweet: Assessing Patients’ Interest in the Use of Social Media for Health Care
Authors: Fisher Jennifer , Clayton Margaret 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Social media (SoMe) use is quickly accelerating in healthcare delivery. Evidence‐based SoMe use may improve patient engagement and communication, leading to better outcomes.Aim: To assess patient use of and preferences regarding SoMe in their health care.Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted using an 11‐item questionnaire that was completed by 111 patients at an outpatient family practice clinic in Southern Utah, USA. Age, gender, health status, current or future SoMe use, provider use of SoMe, perceived barriers, and health mobile application use was assessed.Results: Eighty three percent of respondents used some form of SoMe. Fifty six percent of the participants wanted providers to use SoMe. Gender or health status did not affect SoMe attitudes or use, however, use varied with age. Patients wanted providers to use SoMe for appointment setting and reminders, reporting diagnostic test results, prescription notifications, providing health information, and as a forum for asking general questions. Among those who did not use SoMe, 41.6% would consider using it if their healthcare provider used it. E‐mail and mobile telephones were the preferred communication mode. Privacy and confidentiality concerns were the most frequently cited barriers (48%) when considering the use of SoMe.Discussion and Implications: This study indicates growing patient acceptance of SoMe in health care. Understanding user profiles, preferences, and barriers can help providers in prioritizing where to direct efforts when using evidence‐based SoMe in their practice.
Behaviour of rat‐cultured dental pulp cells in three‐dimensional collagen type‐1 gel in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Khan Sultan Zeb , Kokubu Eitoyo , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Inoue Takashi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the growth and differentiation potential of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in three‐dimensional (3‐D) collagen type‐1 scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Third passage DPCs were cultured in a 3‐D collagen and expression of both bone‐ or dentin‐related mRNA (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN)) and morphological changes evaluated in vitro. In the in vivo study, two types of grafts were transplanted into the rectus abdominus muscles of rats and harvested after 7 days: DPCs in α‐minimal essential medium and DPCs mixed with a collagen gel. ALP, BSP and OPN were used as primary antibodies for immunohistochemical study. Histological and immunohistochemical results showed that DPCs in collagen gel were spindle shaped and showed significantly greater expression of ALP, BSP and OPN in vitro than the controls. Transplanted DPCs in collagen type‐1 gel showed greater positive immunoreactivity for ALP, BSP and OPN than the controls. It was concluded that the collagen gel scaffold encouraged the differentiation of DPCs into osteoblastic cells.
Fronteras y Colonialismo: Una Reflexión Desde La Frontera México‐Guatemala
Authors: Fábregas Andrés 
Published: March 2012

ResumenFrom the point of view of two classics of the frontier thesis, Frederick Jackson Turner and Owen Lattimore, the author developed his own thesis about the formation and consolidation of the border between Mexico and Guatemala. The author remarks the process of colonization in the jungles of Mexico's southwest, as a result of National Mexican State policies and the role of the state of Chiapas in those policies. In the author's opinion, globalization is a colonial process and in this context it is very important to note the migrations to the United States in order to understand the contemporaneous situation of the border Mexico‐Guatemala.
Kichwa Migrations Across the Atlantic Border Regime: Transterritorial Practices of Identity and Rights within a Postcolonial Frame
Authors: Suárez‐Navaz Liliana 
Published: March 2012

ResúmenEn este trabajo analizo el proceso migratorio de comuneros indígenas de la parroquia de Calderón (Pichincha), que ahora residen en la Comunidad de Madrid. Me centro en el modo en que sus experiencias en territorio europeo incorporan y redefinen su memoria histórica, las fronteras comunitarias, socioespaciales, nacionales, y etnoraciales y cómo éstas son reproducidas en el espacio migratorio trasnacional. Basado en un trabajo etnográfico multilocal se analizan las experiencias de las familias de la Comuna de Jatum Pamba en el espacio jurídico, socioespacial, y político en España y el impacto de esta emigración en la redefinición de la Comuna, como espacio público y contexto identitario. Mientras los emigrantes residentes en España aseguran su presencia en la Comuna a través de inversiones estratégicas en terrenos y vivienda, se han creado unas “migraciones encadenadas” que, con nuevos inmigrantes no indígenas que ocupan espacios marginales en la misma, transforman dramáticamente el paisaje étnico de la Comuna.
Cross‐Border Mobility and Transnational Identities: New Border Crossings Amongst Mexican Mam People
Authors: Hernández Castillo Rosalva Aída 
Published: March 2012

ResúmenEste artículo se propone abrir una ventana etnográfica para observar los nuevos cruces de fronteras que viven miles de indígenas en América Latina. Para examinar la complejidad y el potencial político de las identidades transnacionales y translocales, se partirá de un estudio de caso: la realidad de los indígenas mames de Chiapas, un pueblo maya del sureste de México. El pueblo mam ha experimentado distintos procesos migratorios y cruces de fronteras en búsqueda de alternativas de vida. Su experiencia histórica de continua movilidad a través de fronteras nacionales, regionales y religiosas, han influido en sus distintas concepciones de comunidad, sin que necesariamente trasciendan el territorio porque, como este artículo demostrará, las referencias al lugar están siempre presentes en sus narrativas de identidad. Pero podríamos afirmar que han mantenidos nociones de espacio en un sentido complejo del “aquí” y el “allá”.
A Middle Class Besieged: Brazilians’ Motives to Migrate
Authors: Torresan Angela 
Published: March 2012

ResúmenUsando material etnográfico coletado durante minha pesquisa entre imigrantes brasileiros em Lisboa, exploro nesse artigo como a migração internacional se tornou uma das alternativas usadas por pessoas jovens da classe média para manter sua posição de classe. Analizo o papel da crise brasileira das décadas de 80 e 90 na decisão que muitos tomaram de migrar e afirmo que além da situação de privação econômica relativa, muitos brasileiros da classe média se sentiam alienados do seu país uma vez que a promessa do processo de modernidade nunca foi cumprida. Muitos acreditavam que não tinham nada a perder ao sair do seu país.
CONTROL OF NANOPARTICLE SIZE, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE BY HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT
Authors: BERBER MOHAMED R. , HAFEZ INAS H. , MINAGAWA KEIJI , KATOH MASAHIRO , TANAKA MASAMI , MORI TAKESHI 
Published: March 2012

Here, we showed the effect of hydrothermal treatment and aging process of urea hydrolysis on crystal structure, particle size and particle size distribution of Mg - Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray crystallography and scanning electron microscopy. The studied synthetic parameters showed a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the selected LDH materials. At insufficient conditions of hydrothermal treatments, the formed LDH particles were amorphous and the non-LDH phases dominated the X-ray diffraction chart. The crystal growth increased with increasing hydrothermal temperature. Aging process improved the crystal morphology up to18 hours, while further aging destroyed the LDH particles. The increase of hydrothermal aging led to a wide particle size distribution.
NDE OF ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE COMPOSITE MATERIALS THAT APPLY ULTRASOUND INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
Authors: CHOI SEUNG-HYUN , PARK SOO-KEUN , KIM JAE-YEOL 
Published: March 2012

The infrared thermographic nondestructive inspection technique is a quality inspection and stability assessment method used to diagnose the physical characteristics and defects by detecting the infrared ray radiated from the object without destructing it. Recently, the nondestructive inspection and assessment that use the ultrasound-infrared thermography technique are widely adopted in diverse areas. The ultrasound-infrared thermography technique uses the phenomenon that the ultrasound wave incidence to an object with cracks or defects on its mating surface generates local heat on the surface. The car industry increasingly uses composite materials for their lightweight, strength, and environmental resistance. In this study, the car piston passed through the ultrasound-infrared thermography technique for nondestructive testing, among the composite material car parts. This study also examined the effects of the frequency and power to optimize the nondestructive inspection.
Nidicolous development in Limnonectes limborgi (Anura, Dicroglossidae)
Authors: Rowley Jodi J.L. , Altig Ronald 
Published: March 2012

The Southeast Asian frog Limnonectes limborgi and the closely related L. hascheanus have been considered direct developers for almost 50 years. We report that rather than having direct development, L. limborgi has nidicolous development (= eggs oviposited terrestrially and larvae are free-living but nonfeeding) from large, nonpigmented eggs laid in a terrestrial nest constructed by the male. Thirteen nests were observed at four sites in Cambodia and Vietnam, five of which contained clutches of up to 15 eggs or tadpoles. Calling males were in attendance regardless of the presence of or developmental stage of their progeny. Large yolk reserves present as late as stage 37 and the lack of organic material in the gut indicate that these tadpoles do not feed. It is likely that L. hascheanus also has nidicolous development.
An Analysis for the Applicability of Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory in Stable Conditions
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Sharan Maithili 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
An analysis in a plane of the stability parameters ζ = z/L (where z is a height above the ground surface and L is the Obukhov length) and bulk Richardson number RiB is proposed to examine the applicability of Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory in stable conditions. In this analysis, the data available from two different experimental datasets [(i) Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) and (ii) Cardington] are divided into four quadrants. An unexpected behavior of decreasing ζ with increasing RiB was observed with both datasets in quadrant II characterized by ζ &lt; 1 and RiB &gt; 0.2 and in quadrant IV with ζ &gt; 1 and RiB &lt; 0.2. This is in contrast to a commonly expected monotonically increasing behavior between ζ and RiB. It is shown that the MOS theory is consistent for computing the surface fluxes corresponding to the data points lying in quadrants I (with ζ &gt; 1 and RiB &gt; 0.2) and III (with ζ &lt; 1 and RiB &lt; 0.2), whereas it may not be applicable for the points in quadrants II and IV. Thus, a breakdown of the relationship between observed ζ and RiB with growing stability in these quadrants may limit the applicability of MOS theory in stable conditions. Since quadrant IV has very few data points, the applicability of MOS theory needs to be substantiated further with the availability of sufficient data points in this regime.
Structural features based genome-wide characterization and prediction of nucleosome organization
Authors: Gan Yanglan , Guan Jihong , Zhou Shuigeng , Zhang Weixiong 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Nucleosome distribution along chromatin dictates genomic DNA accessibility and thus profoundly influences gene expression. However, the underlying mechanism of nucleosome formation remains elusive. Here, taking a structural perspective, we systematically explored nucleosome formation potential of genomic sequences and the effect on chromatin organization and gene expression in S. cerevisiae.

Results
We analyzed twelve structural features related to flexibility, curvature and energy of DNA sequences. The results showed that some structural features such as DNA denaturation, DNA-bending stiffness, Stacking energy, Z-DNA, Propeller twist and free energy, were highly correlated with in vitro and in vivo nucleosome occupancy. Specifically, they can be classified into two classes, one positively and the other negatively correlated with nucleosome occupancy. These two kinds of structural features facilitated nucleosome binding in centromere regions and repressed nucleosome formation in the promoter regions of protein-coding genes to mediate transcriptional regulation. Based on these analyses, we integrated all twelve structural features in a model to predict more accurately nucleosome occupancy in vivo than the existing methods that mainly depend on sequence compositional features. Furthermore, we developed a novel approach, named DLaNe, that located nucleosomes by detecting peaks of structural profiles, and built a meta predictor to integrate information from different structural features. As a comparison, we also constructed a hidden Markov model (HMM) to locate nucleosomes based on the profiles of these structural features. The result showed that the meta DLaNe and HMM-based method performed better than the existing methods, demonstrating the power of these structural features in predicting nucleosome positions.

Conclusions
Our analysis revealed that DNA structures significantly contribute to nucleosome organization and influence chromatin structure and gene expression regulation. The results indicated that our proposed methods are effective in predicting nucleosome occupancy and positions and that these structural features are highly predictive of nucleosome organization.
The implementation of our DLaNe method based on structural features is available online.
Telephone follow-up to a mail survey: when to offer an interview compared to a reminder call
Authors: Ziegenfuss Jeanette Y , Burmeister Kelly R , Harris Ann , Holubar Stefan D , Beebe Timothy J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Using a different mode of contact on the final follow-up to survey non-respondents is an identified strategy to increase response rates. This study was designed to determine if a reminder phone call or a phone interview as a final mode of contact to a mailed survey works better to increase response rates and which strategy is more cost effective.

Methods
A randomized study was embedded within a survey study of individuals treated with ulcerative colitis conducted in March 2009 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. After two mail contacts, non-respondents were randomly assigned to either a reminder telephone call or a telephone interview. Average cost per completed interview and response rates were compared between the two experimental conditions.

Results
The response rate in the reminder group and the interview did not differ where we considered both a completed survey and a signed form a complete (24% vs. 29%, p = 0.08). However, if such a signed form was not required, there was a substantial advantage to completing the interview over the phone (24% vs. 43%, p < 0.0001). The reminder group on average cost $27.00 per completed survey, while the interview group on average cost $53.00 per completed survey when a signed form was required and $36.00 per complete when a signed form was not required.

Conclusions
The additional cost of completing an interview is worth it when an additional signed form is not required of the respondent. However, when such a signed form is required, offering an interview instead of a reminder phone call as a follow up to non-respondents does not increase response rates enough to outweigh the additional costs.