bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of seizures associated with the use of acepromazine in dogs undergoing myelography
Authors: Drynan Eleanor A. , Gray Peter , Raisis Anthea L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of seizures associated with acepromazine administration when used as a premedicant with methadone for dogs undergoing myelography.DesignRetrospective clinical case study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsSixty‐six dogs (mixed and pure breeds), aged between 4 months and 15 years, weighing between 3.5–61 kg. All animals were classified as ASA score I or II.InterventionsForty‐three animals were premedicated with methadone (0.1–0.5 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.01–0.05 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Twenty‐three animals were premedicated with methadone alone (0.1–0.5 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with propofol intravenously and maintained with isoflurane delivered in 100% oxygen. All animals received a balanced isotonic crystalloid solution intravenously at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h. Blood pressure, end‐tidal CO2, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and heart rate were monitored throughout anesthesia. Animals requiring surgery immediately following myelography were excluded from the study.Measurements and Main ResultsThe frequency of seizures was 14% (CI: 3.6–24.3%) and 13.0% (CI: 0.7–27%) in dogs that received methadone/acepromazine and methadone alone, respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of seizures between dogs receiving methadone/acepromazine or methadone alone (P= 1). Analysis of the association of site of injection of the contrast and the frequency of seizures in dogs receiving methadone/acepromazine showed no significant difference in the frequency of seizures following cervical injection (25%; CI: 0.5–24.5%) or lumbar injection (9.7%; CI: –0.7–20.1%).ConclusionsThe administration of acepromazine combined with methadone as a premedicant used with propofol and isoflurane anesthesia did not significantly increase the frequency of seizures following myelography compared to dogs who received methadone alone.
Partners' ambivalence towards cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: Holm Marianne S , Norekvål Tone M , Fålun Nina , Gjengedal Eva 
Published: April 2012

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of partners of patients who had cardiac arrest and subsequent hypothermia treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU).Method: Nine in‐depth interviews were conducted 5 months to 1 year after hospitalization. The participants were partners of patients who had survived cardiac arrest and had undergone hypothermia treatment without serious brain damage. All the interviews were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological method.Findings: Six main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) terrified by witnessing the cardiac arrest; (2) ambivalence towards the ICU room and the cold body; (3) need for honest and realistic information; (4) anticipating the awakening; (5) social network as support and burden; and (6) the frightening homecoming.Conclusion: The essential structure of the partners' experiences of loved ones' cardiac arrest and hypothermia treatment was characterized by ambivalence; they experienced both fear and relief. There may be a relationship between experiences before entering the ICU and reactions during hypothermia treatment and afterwards. Some partners experienced a feeling of guilt after the resuscitation event, and especially during the awakening phase. After discharge, the partners described feeling anxiety.Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses play a pivotal role in providing partners with information and in nurturing hope and feelings of security. Partners need to fully understand the reason for hypothermia treatment to enable them to accept the cold body as part of a life‐saving process. We recommend follow‐up after discharge. This may increase the partners' sense of security and control.
Relationship Characteristics and the Relationship Context of Nonmarital First Births Among Young Adult Women
Authors: Manlove Jennifer , Wildsmith Elizabeth , Welti Kate , Scott Mindy E. , Ikramullah Erum 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to examine whether and how characteristics of the relationship dyad are linked to nonmarital childbearing among young adult women, additionally distinguishing between cohabiting and nonunion births.MethodsWe used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort and discrete time‐event history methods to examine these objectives.ResultsOur analyses found that similarities and differences between women and their most recent sexual partner in educational attainment, disengagement from work or school, race/ethnicity, and age were linked to the risk and context of nonmarital childbearing. For example, partner disengagement (from school and work) was associated with increased odds of a nonmarital birth regardless of whether the woman herself was disengaged. Additionally, having a partner of a different race/ethnicity was associated with nonmarital childbearing for whites, but not for blacks and Hispanics.ConclusionsWe conclude that relationship characteristics are an important dimension of the lives of young adults that influence their odds of having a birth outside of marriage.
What Predicts the Actions Taken Toward Observed Child Neglect? The Influence of Community Context and Bystander Characteristics
Authors: Fledderjohann Jasmine , Johnson David R. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveUsing data from a sample of 3,679 respondents in 50 rural and urban communities in a midwestern state, the authors explore the relationship between individual and community characteristics and the provision of helping behavior when child neglect is observed.MethodTelephone surveys of community residents were analyzed in a series of logistic regression models.ResultsAt the individual level, age, gender, place of residence, and sentinel status were all found to have a significant effect. The level of role overlap, cohesion, comfort, and belongingness perceived to exist in the community were found to be important community‐level predictors.ConclusionIndividual and contextual characteristics affected observation of a case of child neglect and the action taken.
Ganglionated Plexi Ablation Directed by High‐Frequency Stimulation and Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: POKUSHALOV EVGENY , ROMANOV ALEXANDER , ARTYOMENKO SERGEY , SHIROKOVA NATALYA , TUROV ALEX , KARASKOV ALEXANDER , KATRITSIS DEMOSTHENES G. , PO SUNNY S. 
Published: April 2012

Background:

The effectiveness of ganglionated plexi (GP) ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is ambiguous. Some researchers had already suggested that additional identification of complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) around the areas with a positive reaction to high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) might improve the accuracy of GP's boundaries location, then enhancing the success rate of ablation. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of GP ablation directed by HFS and CFAE in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).
Methods and Results:

Sixty‐two patients with PAF (age 57±8 years) underwent GP ablation. Ablation targets were the sites where vagal reflexes were evoked by HFS and additional extended ablation CFAE area around the areas where vagal reflexes were evoked.At 12 months, 71% of patients were free of symptomatic AF. At 3 months after ablation the root mean square successive differences and HF were significantly lower in patients without AF recurrence (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.004). The LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in patients without AF recurrence (P = 0.02).
Conclusion:

Enhanced GP ablation directed by HFS and CFAE can be safely performed and enables maintenance of sinus rhythm in the majority of patients with PAF for a 12‐month period. Denervation of the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system may be the preferable target of catheter ablation of AF. (PACE 2012;XX:1–9)
EFFECT OF SODIUM METABISULFITE ADDITION AND BAKING TEMPERATURE ON MAILLARD REACTION IN BREAD
Authors: ERBAS MUSTAFA , SEKERCI HANIFE , ARSLAN SULTAN , DURAK A. NUR 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effect of sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) doses (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg dough) and baking temperatures (200, 230 and 250C) on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of bread were researched to reduce 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) and acrylamide contents. HMF and acrylamide contents of bread crust were decreased significantly by increasing SMBS dose and decreasing baking temperature. The HMF (137.29 mg/kg) and acrylamide (671.44 µg/kg) contents of bread crust were decreased by 33 and 67%, respectively by addition of 100 mg/kg SMBS. The maltol content of bread crusts were significantly affected by baking temperature, and were 7.19, 10.23 and 22.69 mg/kg in breads baked at 200, 230 and 250C, respectively. No HMF, acrylamide and maltol were detected in the bread crumb. The sulfur dioxide content of the crust and crumb of control bread was 6.99 and 10.69 mg/kg, and increased by 49 and 59%, respectively at 100 mg/kg SMBS dose. All breads were evaluated as acceptable by a sensory panel.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSince Maillard reaction products such as acrylamide and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) are known as toxic compounds, mitigation of these compounds is important subject for health and nutrition. There is not an efficient method to prevent the formation of acrylamide and HMF in bread crusts comparison with potato crisps. The purpose of this research is to slow down Maillard reaction by addition of sodium metabisulfite in bread‐making process. As a result of this research, acrylamide and HMF content of bread crusts decreased by 33 and 67%, respectively with acceptable sensory evaluation.
Modulation of Photochemical Damage in Normal and Malignant Cells by Naturally Occurring Compounds†
Authors: Lee Yuan‐Hao , Kumar Neeru C. , Glickman Randolph D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCertain phytochemicals, such as the stilbene, resveratrol (RES, found in red grapes and berries), and the triterpenoid, ursolic acid (UA, found in waxy berries and herbs such as rosemary and oregano), have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. Two human‐derived cell lines, hTERT‐RPE with a nonmalignant phenotype derived from retinal pigment epithelium, and ATCC CRL‐11147 derived from a malignant skin melanoma, were used as in vitro models of photooxidative stress produced by exposure to the broadband output of a 150 W Hg vapor arc lamp at an irradiance of 19–26 mW cm−2. In untreated cells, UV–VIS broadband light exposure produced a loss of proliferative ability, an activation of NF‐κB and an increase in protein carbonyl adducts at 24 h postexposure. Pretreatment of the cells with RES or UA at 1–2 μmsignificantly reduced the amount of phosphorylated NF‐κB at 24 h postexposure. RES pretreatment reduced the burden of light‐induced protein carbonyl adducts by up to 25% in exposed cells. UA treatment markedly increased the sensitivity of melanoma cells to UV radiation, while conferring some photoprotection to RPE cells. These observations indicate that phytochemicals modulate the cellular response to photochemical stress by interacting with specific cell‐signaling pathways.
Pricing and Logistics Decisions for a Private‐Sector Provider in the Cash Supply Chain
Authors: Mehrotra Mili , Dawande Milind , Mookerjee Vijay , Sriskandarajah Chelliah 
Published: April 2012

We study a problem faced by a secure‐logistics provider (SLP) of maximizing profit by jointly pricing the services of fit‐sorting and transporting cash along with the design of the supporting logistics network, in a market consisting of a population of Depository Institutions (DIs). The need to jointly price the services assumes significance because they are partial substitutes of one another. Our study finds that the influence of the logistics network on prices is especially strong when there are non‐linearities in the cost of provisioning the logistics services. Furthermore, the impact of logistics decisions on different types of pricing schemes (e.g., volume discount, bundled pricing) is different, both in its structure and extent. In present times, when the market for the fit‐sorting service is relatively immature, our findings have major implications to the way an SLP's business is managed.
Novel iron‐regulated and Fur‐regulated small regulatory RNAs in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Amarasinghe J.J. , Connell T.D. , Scannapieco F.A. , Haase E.M. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryIron can regulate biofilm formation via non‐coding small RNA (sRNA). To determine if iron‐regulated sRNAs are involved in biofilm formation by the periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, total RNA was isolated from bacteria cultured with iron supplementation or chelation. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the expression of four sRNA molecules (JA01–JA04) identified by bioinformatics was significantly upregulated in iron‐limited medium compared with iron‐rich medium. A DNA fragment encoding each sRNA promoter was able to titrate Escherichia coli ferric uptake regulator (Fur) from a Fur‐repressible reporter fusion in an iron uptake regulator titration assay. Cell lysates containing recombinant AaFur shifted the mobility of sRNA‐specific DNAs in a gel shift assay. Potential targets of these sRNAs, determined in silico, included genes involved in biofilm formation. The A. actinomycetemcomitans overexpressing JA03 sRNA maintained a rough phenotype on agar, but no longer adhered to uncoated polystyrene or glass, although biofilm determinant gene expression was only modestly decreased. In summary, these sRNAs have the ability to modulate biofilm formation, but their functional target genes remain to be confirmed.
On modular inverses of cyclotomic polynomials and the magnitude of
their coefficients
Authors: Dunand Clément 
Published: April 2012

AbstractLet p and r be two primes, and let
n and m be two distinct divisors of
pr. Consider Φn and Φm, the nth and mth cyclotomic
polynomials. In this paper, we present lower and upper bounds for the
coefficients of the inverse of Φn modulo Φm and discuss an application to torus-based cryptography.
Bloodstream Infection Caused by Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in an Immunocompromised Host in the United States
Authors: Wojewoda Christina M. , Koval Christine E. , Wilson Deborah A. , Chakos Mary H. , Harrington Susan M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTCorynebacteriumspecies are well-known causes of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Toxigenic strains ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaecause respiratory diphtheria. We report a bloodstream infection caused by a nontoxigenic strain ofC. diphtheriaeand discuss the epidemiology, possible sources of the infection, and the implications of rapid species identification of corynebacteria.
Multiplex PCR for Rapid and Improved Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Rath Peter-Michael , Saner Fuat , Paul Andreas , Lehmann Nils , Steinmann Eike , Buer Jan , Steinmann Joerg 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

This prospective study evaluated the utility of the SeptiFast (SF) test in detecting 25 clinically important pathogens in 225 blood samples from 170 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with suspected sepsis after liver transplantation (LTX) or after other major abdominal surgery (non-LTX). SF yielded a significantly higher positivity rate in the LTX group (52.3%) than in the non-LTX group (30.5%;
P
= 0.0009). SF may be a powerful tool for the early diagnosis of bloodstream infections in LTX patients.
Interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive development in children to age 8 years: a longitudinal study
Authors: Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Egeland Byron , Blood Emily A , Wright Robert O , Wright Rosalind J 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundChildhood trauma exposure has been associated with deficits in cognitive functioning. The influence of timing of exposure on the magnitude and persistence of deficits is not well understood. The impact of exposure in early development has been especially under-investigated. This study examined the impact of interpersonal trauma exposure (IPT) in the first years of life on childhood cognitive functioning.MethodsChildren (N=206) participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study were assessed prospectively for exposure to IPT (physical or emotional abuse or neglect, sexual abuse, witnessing maternal partner violence) between birth and 64 months. Child intelligent quotient (IQ) scores were assessed at 24, 64 and 96 months of age. Race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, maternal IQ, birth complications, birth weight and cognitive stimulation in the home were also assessed.ResultsIPT was significantly associated with decreased cognitive scores at all time points, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors, maternal IQ, birth complications, birth weight and cognitive stimulation in the home. IPT in the first 2 years appeared to be especially detrimental. On average, compared with children not exposed to IPT in the first 2 years, exposed children scored one-half SD lower across cognitive assessments.ConclusionIPT in early life may have adverse effects on cognitive development. IPT during the first 2 years may have particular impact, with effects persisting at least into later childhood.
Endovascular intervention for delayed stenosis of extracranial–intracranial bypass saphenous vein grafts
Authors: Qahwash Omar , Alaraj Ali , Aletich Victor , Charbel Fady T , Bulsara Ketan R , Ho Winson , Valyi-Nagy Tibor , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh 
Published: April 2012

PurposeBypass graft stenosis is an uncommon but significant issue which can be encountered following extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) bypass surgery and carries significant potential for morbidity and mortality. Angioplasty for graft stenosis (with or without stenting) has been extensively discussed in the cardiothoracic literature but its application for neurosurgical purposes has not been well documented.MethodsCases of EC–IC bypass undergoing endovascular intervention for graft stenosis were retrospectively reviewed; a literature search was performed. Diagnosis, pathology and indications for intervention were reviewed.ResultsThree patients underwent 13 endovascular interventions for EC–IC saphenous vein graft stenosis. The indication for the initial bypass was an unsecured intracranial aneurysm in all cases, using an interposition saphenous vein graft. The initial endovascular procedure was needed 9–23 weeks after the bypass surgery, a timeframe suggestive of intimal hyperplasia as the underlying etiology of stenosis. There were nine cases of angioplasty alone, three with stent placement and one case in which vasodilators were infused. Non-invasive phase contrast quantitative MR angiography was effective in predicting graft stenosis. Despite intervention, two grafts ultimately occluded and a third has remained patent only after multiple angioplasties and placement of a drug eluting coronary stent.ConclusionAlthough rare, bypass graft stenosis can occur in the subacute period, and likely represents a flow related venopathy. Given the challenges of re-do bypass surgery, endovascular intervention is an attractive treatment option. However, although repeated interventions with diligent follow-up may allow graft salvage, failure of endovascular intervention can also ultimately result in graft occlusion.
A Great Salt Lake Waterspout
Authors: Simpson Joanne , Roff G. , Morton B. R. , Labas K. , Dietachmayer G. , McCumber M. , Penc R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A waterspout funnel and spray ring were observed under a cumulus line over the Great Salt Lake for about 5 min shortly after sunrise on 26 June 1985. Videotaped features strongly suggested that the funnel rotation was anticyclonic, These observations have been used as the basis for a study of the initiation and evolution of waterspouts through a series of numerical experiments at two scales, that of a cloud and a waterspout.
The cloud scale has been simulated using an improved Goddard-Schlesinger model with nearby Salt Lake City soundings. The main model improvements have been 1) a parameterized, three-class ice phase and 2) a line initialization in addition to the more common axisymmetric buoyant bubble. Cloud-scale vortex pairs developed for each mode of initiation, but a much stronger, more upright, low-level anticyclonic vortex grew from the line initiation than from the bubble. However, cumulus-scale vortices are common while waterspouts are rare, and the real test of a model is whether a waterspout can develop in the limited cumulus lifetime.
The 600-m horizontal grid of the cloud model cannot resolve waterspouts, and a modified Monash high-resolution axisymmetric vortex model with vertical domain and small section has been “embedded” at selected positions and initiated at selected times in the computed flow field of the cloud. Many experiments have been carried out with the vortex model. In the most important series, the boundary conditions were changed with the fields of the model cumulus as it evolved, and the time at which the vortex was started was varied through the lifetime of the parent cloud. Results showed that for each mode of cloud initiation, the vortex that started at the anticyclonic center grew faster than those started at other centers. This result fits with the observed anticyclonic rotation of the waterspout, strongly suggesting that the cloud vorticity was important in its initiation. The greatest azimuthal speed for the bubble-initiated cloud was 11 ms−1 when the vortex model was started at 28 min cloud time with time-varying boundary conditions, whereas it was 21 m s−1 when started at 12 min in the line-initiated cloud. Speeds were comparable when the inner domain moved with the anticyclonic cloud center. These speeds are close to the spray-ring threshold azimuthal velocity of roughly 22 m s−1 estimated by Golden from photographs.
Together, these model results support the hypothesis that, at least in some circumstances, cloud processes alone can produce waterspouts in the absence of external vorticity sources such as surface convergence lines or other shear features.
Gravity Waves Generated by Sheared Three-Dimensional Potential Vorticity Anomalies
Authors: Lott François , Plougonven Riwal , Vanneste Jacques 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe gravity waves (GWs) produced by three-dimensional potential vorticity (PV) anomalies are examined under the assumption of constant vertical shear, constant stratification, and unbounded domain. As in the two-dimensional case analyzed in an earlier paper, the disturbance near the PV anomaly is well modeled by quasigeostrophic theory. At larger distances the nature of the disturbance changes across the two inertial layers that are located above and below the anomaly, and it takes the form of a vertically propagating GW beyond these.For a horizontally monochromatic PV anomaly of infinitesimal depth, the disturbance is described analytically using both an exact solution and a WKB approximation; the latter includes an exponentially small term that captures the change of the solution near the PV anomaly induced by the radiation boundary condition in the far field. The analytical results reveal a strong sensitivity of the emission to the Richardson number and to the orientation of the horizontal wavenumber: the absorptive properties of the inertial layers are such that the emission is maximized in the Northern Hemisphere for wavenumbers at negative angles to the shear.For localized PV anomalies, numerical computations give the temporal evolution of the GW field. Analytical and numerical results are also used to establish an explicit form for the Eliassen–Palm flux that could be used to parameterize GW sources in GCMs. The properties of the Eliassen–Palm flux vector imply that in a westerly shear, the GWs exert a drag in a southwest direction in the upper inertial layer, and in a northwest direction at the altitudes where the GWs dissipate aloft.