bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing on Wisdom From the Past: An Elder Abuse Intervention With Tribal Communities
Authors: Holkup Patricia A. , Salois Emily Matt , Tripp-Reimer Toni , Weinert Clarann 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The Family Care Conference (FCC) is an elder-focused, family-centered, community-based intervention for the prevention and mitigation of elder abuse. It is based on a family conference intervention developed by the Maori people of New Zealand, who determined that Western European ways of working with child welfare issues were undermining such family values as the definition and meaning of family, the importance of spirituality, the use of ritual, and the value of noninterference. The FCC provides the opportunity for family members to come together to discuss and develop a plan for the well-being of their elders.
Design and Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, investigators piloted and implemented the FCC in one northwestern Native American community. The delivery of the FCC intervention has grown from having been introduced and facilitated by the researchers, to training community members to facilitate the family meetings, to becoming incorporated into a Tribal agency, which will oversee the implementation of the FCC.
Results: To date, families have accepted and appreciated the FCC intervention. The constructive approach of the FCC process helps to bring focus to families' concerns and aligns their efforts toward positive action.Implications:The strength-based FCC provides a culturally anchored and individualized means of identifying frail Native American elders' needs and finding solutions from family and available community resources.
Step by Step: Integrating Evidence-Based Fall-Risk Management Into Senior Centers
Authors: Baker Dorothy I. , Gottschalk Margaret , Bianco Luann M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose:  Our purpose in this project was to conceptualize and implement evidence-based fall-prevention programming into senior centers. We present challenges to this process and strategies to overcome them. Design and Methods: We carried out a dissemination project in nine diverse senior centers in Connecticut. Participants included investigators from the Connecticut Collaboration for Fall Prevention (CCFP), senior center administrators, and trained staff interventionists implementing a program of fall prevention based on the Yale Frailty and Injury Cooperative Studies of Intervention Trials (known as the Yale FICSIT). Using CCFP materials that were based on the stages of change, senior center staff developed methods to integrate fall-prevention programming into their centers. We extracted implementation challenges, and the strategies that senior center staff developed to overcome them, from the minutes of monthly work-group meetings. Monthly counts of individual assessments were also a source of data. Results: Challenges included staffing and the delineation of authority, structural issues, engaging senior center membership, cultural issues, and the modification of existing practices. Each senior center devised site-specific methods to overcome these challenges when CCFP investigators convened work-group meetings. We developed creative strategies to inform senior center membership about fall prevention, and in the first 18 months, 4% of members scheduled individual assessments. Implications: The challenges of integrating evidence-based fall-prevention programming into existing senior center services can be negotiated by collaboration among senior center administrators, health providers, the center membership, and researchers. This experience suggests that senior centers may be important venues to reach older adults with fall-prevention programming.
Examination of the Relationship Among Hearing Impairment, Linguistic Communication, Mood, and Social Engagement of Residents in Complex Continuing-Care Facilities
Authors: Brink Peter , Stones Michael 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Earlier evidence was not conclusive about whether hearing loss is associated with mood (i.e., depressive symptoms and anhedonia) and social engagement (i.e., reduced psychosocial involvement and reduced activity levels) in elderly residents living in complex continuing-care facilities. If hearing impairment results in poor mood and lower levels of social engagement, then remedying hearing impairment might result in a higher quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if functional hearing impairment in continuing-care residents is associated with mood and social engagement. Design and Methods: This study included all residents in Ontario who were admitted to complex continuing-care facilities between April 2000 and March 2001. Through the Canadian Institute of Health Information, we gathered health information by using the Minimum Data Set 2.0 questionnaire.  Results: The results were consistent with our hypothesized direct effect of functional hearing impairment on mood. Path analyses showed that hearing impairment impairs linguistic communication and that impaired linguistic communication is related to lower levels of mood and social engagement. Implications: This study adds to the literature supporting an association between hearing impairment and mood. It suggests that remedying hearing impairment may lower levels of poor mood in residents of complex continuing-care facilities. This, in turn, may reduce the negative effects of hearing impairment on social engagement and increase the quality of life for residents of these facilities. This study also suggests that questionnaires used to assess hearing, such as the Minimum Data Set 2.0, are suitable for early identification of hearing problems and may be used to refer residents to audiological services.
What the Resident Meant to Say: Use of Cognitive Interviewing Techniques to Develop Questionnaires for Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Housen Patricia , Shannon George R. , Simon Barbara , Edelen Maria Orlando , Cadogan Mary P. , Sohn Linda , Jones Malia , Buchanan Joan L. , Saliba Debra 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose:  Emphasis on consumer-centered care for frail and institutionalized older adults has increased the development and adaptation of surveys for this population. Conventional methods used to pretest survey items fail to investigate underlying sources of measurement error. However, the use of the cognitive interview (CI), a method for studying how respondents answer survey items, is not well established or documented in this population. This study demonstrates how CIs can be used to improve questionnaires intended for nursing home residents. Design and Methods: CIs were conducted with 29 nursing home residents in order to identify potential problems with prospective survey items. We used scripted probes to standardize the interviews and adapted the Question Appraisal System to enumerate and classify the problems discovered. Results: We fielded between one and five versions of each item in an iterative process that identified 61 item-specific problems. Additionally, residents' cognitive responses suggested that some screened their answers on the basis of perceived physical and environmental limitations, and some had difficulty answering items about preferences that fluctuate day to day. These findings led us to modify the items and response set to simplify the respondents' cognitive task. Implications: This study illustrates how CI techniques can be used to understand residents' comprehension of and response to survey items.
Fall-Related Hospitalization and Facility Costs Among Residents of Institutions Providing Long-Term Care
Authors: Carroll Norman V. , Delafuente Jeffrey C. , Cox Fred M. , Narayanan Siva 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to estimate hospital and long-term-care costs resulting from falls in long-term-care facilities (LTCFs). Design and Methods: The study used a retrospective, pre/post with comparison group design. We used matching, based on propensity scores, to control for baseline differences between fallers and non-fallers. We estimated residents' propensity to fall from demographics, comorbidities, and reimbursement in the pre-period. The matched sample included 1,130 fallers and 1,130 non-fallers who were residents of a large, multifacility long-term-care chain. Cost estimates were based on information in the Minimum Data Set and were defined as hospital and LTCF reimbursements. We estimated fall-related costs as the difference between changes in costs for fallers and non-fallers from the pre- to post-period. Results: Fallers were substantially more likely to suffer fractures and hospitalizations in the post-period than were non-fallers. Fall-related LTCF and hospital costs were $6,259 (95% confidence interval = $2,034–$10,484) per resident per year. About 60% of this amount was attributable to higher hospitalization costs. Fallers were more likely to be discharged to hospitals or to die. Implications: Falls in LTCFs are associated with costs of about $6,200 per resident per year. These results provide baseline estimates that one may use to estimate the cost-effectiveness of interventions to reduce fall rates.
Effect of Rifampicin on S-ketamine and S-norketamine Plasma Concentrations in Healthy Volunteers after Intravenous S-ketamine Administration
Authors: Noppers Ingeborg , Olofsen Erik , Niesters Marieke , Aarts Leon , Mooren René , Dahan Albert , Kharasch Evan , Sarton Elise 
Published: April 2011

Background
Low-dose ketamine is used as analgesic for acute and chronic pain. It is metabolized in the liver to norketamine via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. There are few human data on the involvement of CYP enzymes on the elimination of norketamine and its possible contribution to analgesic effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CYP enzyme induction by rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of S-ketamine and its major metabolite, S-norketamine, in healthy volunteers.

Methods
Twenty healthy male subjects received 20 mg/70 kg/h (n = 10) or 40 mg/70 kg/h (n = 10) intravenous S-ketamine for 2 h after either 5 days oral rifampicin (once daily 600 mg) or placebo treatment. During and 3 h after drug infusion, arterial plasma concentrations of S-ketamine and S-norketamine were obtained at regular intervals. The data were analyzed with a compartmental pharmacokinetic model consisting of three compartments for S-ketamine, three sequential metabolism compartments, and two S-norketamine compartments using the statistical package NONMEM® 7 (ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD).

Results
Rifampicin caused a 10% and 50% reduction in the area-under-the-curve of the plasma concentrations of S-ketamine and S-norketamine, respectively. The compartmental analysis indicated a 13% and 200% increase in S-ketamine and S-norketamine elimination from their respective central compartments by rifampicin.

Conclusions
: A novel observation is the large effect of rifampicin on S-norketamine concentrations and indicates that rifampicin induces the elimination of S-ketamine's metabolite, S-norketamine, probably via induction of the CYP3A4 and/or CYP2B6 enzymes.
An Src Homology 3 Domain-Like Fold Protein Forms a Ferredoxin Binding Site for the Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase-Like Complex in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Peng Lianwei , Fukao Yoichiro , Shikanai Toshiharu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some subunits of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) are related to those of the respiratory complex I, and NDH mediates photosystem I (PSI) cyclic electron flow. Despite extensive surveys, the electron donor and its binding subunits have not been identified. Here, we identified three novel components required for NDH activity. CRRJ and CRRL are J- and J-like proteins, respectively, and are components of NDH subcomplex A. CRR31 is an Src homology 3 domain-like fold protein, and its C-terminal region may form a tertiary structure similar to that of PsaE, a ferredoxin (Fd) binding subunit of PSI, although the sequences are not conserved between CRR31 and PsaE. Although CRR31 can accumulate in thylakoids independently of NDH, its accumulation requires CRRJ, and CRRL accumulation depends on CRRJ and NDH. CRR31 was essential for the efficient operation of Fd-dependent plastoquinone reduction in vitro. The phenotype of crr31 pgr5 suggested that CRR31 is required for NDH activity in vivo. We propose that NDH functions as a PGR5-PGRL1 complex-independent Fd:plastoquinone oxidoreductase in chloroplasts and rename it the NADH dehydrogenase-like complex.
d-myo-Inositol-3-Phosphate Affects Phosphatidylinositol-Mediated Endomembrane Function inArabidopsisand Is Essential for Auxin-Regulated Embryogenesis
Authors: Luo Yu , Qin Genji , Zhang Jun , Liang Yuan , Song Yingqi , Zhao Meiping , Tsuge Tomohiko , Aoyama Takashi , Liu Jingjing , Gu Hongya , Qu Li-Jia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn animal cells, myo-inositol is an important regulatory molecule in several physiological and biochemical processes, including signal transduction and membrane biogenesis. However, the fundamental biological functions of myo-inositol are still far from clear in plants. Here, we report the genetic characterization of three Arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding d-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in de novo synthesis of myo-inositol. Each of the three MIPS genes rescued the yeast ino1 mutant, which is defective in yeast MIPS gene INO1, and they had different dynamic expression patterns during Arabidopsis embryo development. Although single mips mutants showed no obvious phenotypes, the mips1 mips2 double mutant and the mips1 mips2 mips3 triple mutant were embryo lethal, whereas the mips1 mips3 and mips1 mips2+/− double mutants had abnormal embryos. The mips phenotypes resembled those of auxin mutants. Indeed, the double and triple mips mutants displayed abnormal expression patterns of DR5:green fluorescent protein, an auxin-responsive fusion protein, and they had altered PIN1 subcellular localization. Also, membrane trafficking was affected in mips1 mips3. Interestingly, overexpression of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL SYNTHASE2, which converts myo-inositol to membrane phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), largely rescued the cotyledon and endomembrane defects in mips1 mips3. We conclude that myo-inositol serves as the main substrate for synthesizing PtdIns and phosphatidylinositides, which are essential for endomembrane structure and trafficking and thus for auxin-regulated embryogenesis.
Pituitary apoplexy in non‐functioning pituitary adenomas: long term follow up is important because of significant numbers of tumour recurrences
Authors: Pal A. , Capatina C. , Tenreiro A.P. , Guardiola P.D. , Byrne J.V. , Cudlip S. , Karavitaki N. , Wass J.A.H. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryObjectives  The frequency of pituitary tumour regrowth after an episode of classical pituitary apoplexy is unknown. It is thus unclear whether regrowth, if it occurs, does so less frequently than with non‐apoplectic non‐functioning pituitary macroadenomas that have undergone surgery without postoperative irradiation. This has important repercussions on follow up protocols for these patients.Design  Retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with classical pituitary apoplexy in Oxford in the last 24 years.Measurements  MRI/CT scans of the pituitary were performed post‐operatively and in those patients who did not receive pituitary irradiation, this was repeated yearly for 5 years and 2 yearly thereafter.Results  Thirty‐two patients with non‐functioning pituitary adenomas who presented with classical pituitary apoplexy were studied. There were 23 men and the mean age was 56·6 years (range 29–85). The mean follow up period was 81 months (range 6–248). Five patients received adjuvant radiotherapy within 6 months of surgery and were excluded from further analysis. In this group, there were no recurrences during a mean follow up of 83 months (range 20–150). In the remaining 27 cases there were 3 recurrences, with a mean of 79 months follow up (range 6–248) occurring 12, 51 and 86 months after surgery. This gives a recurrence rate of 11·1% at a mean follow up of 6·6 years post surgery. All recurrences had residual tumour on the post operative scan.Conclusions  Patients with classical pituitary apoplexy may show recurrent pituitary tumour growth and therefore these patients need continued post‐operative surveillance if they have not had post‐operative radiotherapy.
Association of AGER gene G82S polymorphism with the severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Lu Weixin , Feng Bo , Xie Guangping , Liu Fengjing 
Published: April 2011

SummaryBackground and objective  Advanced glycosylation end‐product receptor (AGER) plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The G82S polymorphism (rs2070600) is located in the ligand‐binding V‐domain of AGER suggesting a possible influence of this variant on AGER function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of the G82S polymorphism with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Design and methods  The AGER gene G82S polymorphism was analysed in 270 nondiabetic and 270 type 2 diabetic Chinese Han patients with angiographically proven CAD (luminal stenosis ≥50%). The number of diseased vessels and Gensini score were used to determine the severity of CAD. Genotyping for the G82S polymorphism was performed by PCR‐RFLP using restriction enzymes AluI.Results  The frequency of 82S allele was significantly lower in the diabetic CAD patients with multi‐vessel disease than in those with single‐vessel disease (P = 0·015). When controlled for confounding variables, the 82S allele was associated with decreased risk of multi‐vessel disease [P = 0·038, adjusted OR = 0·565 (0·329–0·972)]. The protective effect of the 82S allele against the severity of CAD was not observed in patients with nondiabetic CAD.Conclusions  AGER 82S allele showed a protective effect on CAD severity in the presence of T2DM in Chinese Han population.
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus availability on the emergence, growth and over‐wintering of Rumex crispus and Rumex obtusifolius
Authors: Křišťálová V. , Hejcman M. , Červená K. , Pavlů V. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius are known to be nitrophilous but it is not known whether either or both species require a high N supply at all developmental stages. Furthermore, it is not clear whether both species require a high P supply, attain flowering in the seeding year, or have similar levels of winter resistance. The effect of nutrient availability on the emergence, growth and over‐wintering of both Rumex species was investigated in a pot experiment (ten N, P and K fertilizer treatments) in Prague, Czech Republic. In both species, emergence of seedlings was negatively affected by very high N, but positively affected by increased P availability in the soil. No effect of K supply on the emergence, or subsequent growth, was recorded. High flowering in the seeding season and high winter mortality of R. obtusifolius contrasted with no flowering and no mortality of R. crispus. Over‐wintering was not markedly affected by N, P or K supply. Both Rumex species are sensitive to a very high N supply in early developmental stages but tend to require a high N supply from the fully developed rosette‐stage onwards. In addition to high N requirements during stem growth, flowering and seed ripening, both species also require a high P supply. At least some Central European populations of R. crispus, in contrast to R. obtusifolius, do not flower in the seeding year. In Central Europe, the frequently reported high field winter mortality of R. obtusifolius can be caused by its low frost resistance.
Making a difference: towards a method for weighing the evidence in a qualitative synthesis
Authors: Boeije Hennie R. , van Wesel Floryt , Alisic Eva 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives  In a qualitative synthesis, primary qualitative studies are integrated to develop a theory or evidence‐based interventions. Until now, the strength of the evidence in the primary studies has not been taken into account in the outcome of the qualitative synthesis. In this paper, a method is developed and evaluated to assign weights to the findings of the qualitative studies using both the frequency and the quality of the reported results.Method  Seventeen qualitative studies were retrieved in an illustrative example project on children and trauma. Findings were extracted from the primary studies with the use of coding which resulted in 14 themes. The quality of the studies was appraised using both expert judgement and a quality checklist. These outcomes are used to calculate the weights.Results  When the outcomes of the checklist appraisal are compared with those of the expert judgement, the effect on the strength of the evidence is virtually always in the same direction. We found that as the frequency with which a concept is studied is low, the strength of the evidence oftentimes decreases even further when using the quality of the results in the weighing process.Conclusions  In the end, the outcomes of a critical appraisal affect the weight that is placed on particular studies. The use of a checklist is recommended because of its more distinguishing ability. The method that was developed for assigning weights to the evidence is discussed in light of both the quality appraisal in qualitative research and the objectives of qualitative synthesis.
Attitude towards Evidence‐Based Nursing Questionnaire: development and psychometric testing in Spanish community nurses
Authors: Ruzafa‐Martínez María , López‐Iborra Lidón , Madrigal‐Torres Manuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground  A readiness assessment for identifying and measuring variables that can facilitate evidence‐based nursing (EBN) is important. Attitude towards EBN is one of its components. However, questionnaires that exclusively measure attitude to EBN do not exist in Spanish‐speaking contexts.Aim  This paper is a report of the development and psychometric testing of a Spanish‐language assessment tool: the Evidence‐Based Nursing Attitude Questionnaire (EBNAQ).Methods  The questionnaire was developed in three phases: item generation through a review of scientific literature and focus groups; item selection through an expert review; content and construct validity testing, and internal consistency reliability testing. The instrument was validated in terms of construct validity by a factorial analysis and content validity by grouping the items into the three categories of attitude: cognitive, affective and behavioural. Data were collected from May to November of 2008.Results  The questionnaire was validated in a sample of 219 Spanish community nurses, who had a mean age of 43.21 (SD 10.3) years, and 64.5% (141) were women. A total of 54.3% (121) had been working in the community for more than 10 years. The questionnaire consisted of 15 items grouped into the three factors that make up the concept of attitude. Cronbach's alpha was 0.853 for the entire questionnaire. The factor solution explained 54.70% of the variance.Conclusions  The EBNAQ is brief, making it a user‐friendly tool. It is the first Spanish‐language questionnaire that exclusively measures attitude towards EBN in nurses who work in the community. The EBNAQ can be used efficiently in research and practice settings to better understand nurses' attitudes towards evidence‐based practice.