bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of developmental delay in children from the age group of 6 months to 6 years
Authors: Gaikwad Sarika , Uke Punam , Kundalwal Ashwini , Swarnakar Keerti 
Published: June 2024

Background: Infants at risk for developmental delay (DD) have a history of one or more risk factors that occurred during pregnancy, the perinatal period, or after birth. Despite numerous studies on high-risk pregnancies and child development in advanced countries, there is scanty data from developing nations like India. Objectives: To determine the antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors of DD in children aged 6 months to 6 years. Method: A case-control study comprising 61 infants with DD and 61 controls was carried out at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe) in Maharashtra from December 2019 to May 2020. Children with DD were taken as cases and children without DD as controls. A questionnaire delivered to mothers was used to gather data. Data analysis was carried out using STATA, version 10 software. Results: Common risk factors were caesarean sections (55%), infections (58%), and chronic disorders during pregnancy (49%). Maternal infections, chronic diseases during pregnancy, caesarean section, failure to cry after birth and absence of breastfeeding were significantly more in cases compared to controls. Conclusions: In this case-control study, maternal infections, chronic diseases during pregnancy, caesarean section, failure to cry after birth and absence of breastfeeding were risk factors of DD in children aged 6 months to 6 years.
Human Alveolar and Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Campo Monica , Dill-McFarland Kimberly A , Peterson Glenna J , Benson Basilin , Skerrett Shawn J , Hawn Thomas R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) mediate early lung immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Differences in the response of these distinct cell types are poorly understood and may provide insight into mechanisms of tuberculosis pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether M. tuberculosis induces unique and essential antimicrobial pathways in human AMs compared with MDMs. Using paired human AMs and 5-d MCSF-derived MDMs from six healthy volunteers, we infected cells with M. tuberculosis H37Rv for 6 h, isolated RNA, and analyzed transcriptomic profiles with RNA sequencing. We found 681 genes that were M. tuberculosis dependent in AMs compared with MDMs and 4538 that were M. tuberculosis dependent in MDMs, but not AMs (false discovery rate [FDR] &lt; 0.05). Using hypergeometric enrichment of DEGs in Broad Hallmark gene sets, we found that type I and II IFN Response were the only gene sets selectively induced in M. tuberculosis–infected AM (FDR &lt; 0.05). In contrast, MYC targets, unfolded protein response and MTORC1 signaling, were selectively enriched in MDMs (FDR &lt; 0.05). IFNA1, IFNA8, IFNE, and IFNL1 were specifically and highly upregulated in AMs compared with MDMs at baseline and/or after M. tuberculosis infection. IFNA8 modulated M. tuberculosis–induced proinflammatory cytokines and, compared with other IFNs, stimulated unique transcriptomes. Several DNA sensors and IFN regulatory factors had higher expression at baseline and/or after M. tuberculosis infection in AMs compared with MDMs. These findings demonstrate that M. tuberculosis infection induced unique transcriptional responses in human AMs compared with MDMs, including upregulation of the IFN response pathway and specific DNA sensors.
Mental Health, Stigma, Resilience, and Mental Health Literacy among Schoolteachers: A Cross-sectional Survey from South India
Authors: Kashyap Rithvik S. , Sahithya B. R. , D’Souza Lancy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The mental well-being of teachers profoundly influences educational quality and directly impacts the mental health of students. Recognizing the challenges faced by schoolteachers is crucial for policymakers to address these issues.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate Indian schoolteachers’ mental health, aiming to uncover issues such as stigma, resilience, and mental health literacy.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study employed an online survey method, incorporating demographic information, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale, and Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire. Google Form survey was disseminated through e-mail to teachers across 65 schools. The study targeted full-time teachers aged between 25 and 50 years, with at least 3 years of experience.

Results:
Among the 404 completed surveys, a significant majority (59.4%) of teachers demonstrated elevated scores, signaling a need for diagnostic evaluation for anxiety and depression, with 37.4% experiencing comorbid symptoms, and 30.7% reporting elevated stress levels. Teachers with anxiety and depression symptomatology had significantly lower hardiness (t = 3.616, P ≤ 0.001), coping (t = 2.946, P = 0.003), optimism (t = 2.156, P = 0.032), emotion regulation (t = 3.133, P = 0.002), self-efficacy (t = 5.042, P ≤ 0.001), and total resilience scores (t = 3.213, P = 0.001). Despite the majority reporting no personal experience with mental health issues, a substantial number expressed neutrality toward living (42.8%), working (36.1%), or residing nearby (37.6%) with individuals with mental health problems. However, 34.9% slightly disagreed with maintaining relationships with friends facing mental health challenges. While teachers exhibited above-average knowledge of mental health problems and related skills, they also displayed higher levels of erroneous beliefs or stereotypes.

Conclusion:
These results provide preliminary, data-based insights into the mental health, resilience, stigma, and mental health literacy of schoolteachers in India. The findings underscore the need for targeted programs to empower teachers as effective gatekeepers of child and adolescent mental health.
Effectiveness of shoulder mobilization combined with muscle energy technique in the management of adhesive capsulitis: A randomized control trial
Authors: Alam Md. Farhan , Azharuddin Muhammad , Zaki Saima 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Adhesive capsulitis is a debilitating condition characterized by a gradual, painful loss of shoulder motion. As a part of physical therapy programs, mobilization techniques are an important part of the intervention. However, the potential utility of mobilization along with other interventions under supervision is not explored, especially compared to home program exercises.

Aim:
The objective of the study was to compare the effects of the combination of Maitland’s mobilization protocol and muscle energy techniques (METs) with self-directed nonsupervised general home exercise program (HEP) in frozen shoulder patients.

Methods:
A total of 24 subjects (14 females and 10 males) were randomized into mobilization with supervised exercise therapy (MSE) group (n = 12) and HEP group (n = 12). Subjects in the MSE group were given Maitland’s mobilization technique and MET for 3 sets (10 glides per set), 3 times/week for 6 weeks, and nonsupervised general HEP for the HEP group. Pain intensity and range of motions (ROMs) of the shoulder were measured for both the groups at the completion of the study duration.

Results:
Both the groups showed alleviation in pain, but a significant improvement was found in the MSE group than the HEP group. The within-group study showed that ROM was improved in flexion, abduction, external rotation (ER), and internal rotation in the two groups; however, the percentage change was higher in the MSE group than in the HEP group. Significant group effect (P = 0.041 and P = 0.009), time effect (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), and group × time effects (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) were found for flexion and ER ROM.

Conclusions:
A supervised protocol that includes mobilization and other exercises can be an alternative protocol used for the treatment of frozen shoulder without profound adverse effects.
Exploring medical humanities from heterogeneous focus groups: A thematic analysis
Authors: Yi Lieh-Yu , Tseng Ting-Chun , Chu Shao-Yin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Medical humanities has evolved to encompass a multidisciplinary approach, integrating humanities, social sciences, and arts into medical education and practice. Despite its flourishing development, the definition of medical humanities still requires refinement to be inclusive of various cultures and regions. This study aimed to explore perceptions among students, physicians, and nurses, with a focus on the definition, learning, and implementation of medical humanities.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted four heterogeneous focus groups, comprising 4th-year and 6th-year medical students, physicians (including three medical humanities educators), and nurses. Data collection utilized semi-structured guiding questions, followed by thematic analysis. The transcripts were manually analyzed in their original Mandarin, and participant names were anonymized to ensure that the authors remained unaware of the participants’ identities throughout the study.

Results:
The analysis identified three themes and 16 subthemes. Theme 1, “Medical Humanities Properties,” included four subthemes: variety, evolvement, clinical relevancy, and the value of humaneness. Theme 2, “Medical Humanities Contents,” comprised seven subthemes: self-cultivation, communication, empathy, cultural competence, medical ethics and law, embodiment, and one subtheme open for interpretation in varying circumstances. Theme 3, “Medical Humanities Cultivation,” included five subthemes: personal growth, curriculum, multimedia, clinical experience, and metacognition.

Conclusion:
Our study introduces a three-layered framework of medical humanities, emphasizing the field’s dynamic nature and the critical role of experiential learning in developing key competencies such as empathy, awareness, and communication. This framework incorporates the concept of “self-cultivation” from Eastern philosophy, accentuating the significance of well-being for health-care professionals. The research not only enriches medical humanities education and practice by incorporating Eastern perspectives but also deepens the overall understanding of humanity in health care.
Machine Learning Based Intelligent Management System for Energy Storage Using Computing Application
Authors: Panigrahi Bhawani Sankar , Kanna R. Kishore , Paramita Das Pragyan , Sahoo Susanta Kumar , Dutta Tanusree 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing, a still emerging technology, allows customers to pay for services based on usage. It provides internet-based services, whilst virtualization optimizes a PC’s available resources.
OBJECTIVES: The foundation of cloud computing is the data center, comprising networked computers, cables, electricity components, and various other elements that host and store corporate data. In cloud data centres, high performance has always been a critical concern, but this often comes at the cost of increased energy consumption.
METHODS: The most problematic factor is reducing power consumption while maintaining service quality and performance to balance system efficiency and energy use. Our proposed approach requires a comprehensive understanding of energy usage patterns within the cloud environment.
RESULTS: We examined power consumption trends to demonstrate that with the application of the right optimization principles based on energy consumption models, significant energy savings can be made in cloud data centers. During the prediction phase, tablet optimization, with its 97 % accuracy rate, enables more accurate future cost forecasts.
CONCLUSION: Energy consumption is a major concern for cloud data centers. To handle incoming requests with the fewest resources possible, given the increasing demand and widespread adoption of cloud computing, it is essential to maintain effective and efficient data center strategies.
BUILDING SOME MAPS FOR TEACHING, LEARNING, AND RESEARCHING LOCAL GEOGRAPHY IN AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Dinh Tran The 
Published: June 2024

Through field surveys, data collection and processing, and the use of GIS (Geographic Information System), we have constructed geographic maps of An Giang province to serve teaching, learning, and researching local geography. The research results have built 3 geographic maps of An Giang province at a scale of 1:400,000, including soil, flood, and population maps. These maps will be a necessary addition to the map system of An Giang province to serve the needs of teaching, learning, and researching local geography.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/lit/0757/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE ROLE OF L1 PROSODY IN L2 VOWEL DURATION PRODUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH
Authors: Le Nguyen Van Anh , Nguyen Huu Thanh Minh , Thieu Hoang My 
Published: June 2024

The pre-fortis clipping pattern refers to vowels being shorter before voiceless consonants compared to vowels before voiced consonants. This study examined whether first-language (L1) prosodic properties affect the production of this vowel duration pattern in second-language (L2) English speech. Native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese with varying English proficiency participated in a production experiment. Results showed that while speakers exhibited some pre-fortis clipping, there were no significant vowel lengthening patterns. Additional analysis revealed subtle differences based on the L1 prosody type. Native Mandarin and Vietnamese speakers, with lexical tone, had similar duration ratios. However, native Korean speakers, with no tone, showed less distinction in vowel duration by consonant voicing. Japanese speakers, with pitch accents, fell in the middle. The findings provide limited evidence that L1 prosody affects L2 vowel duration production. The results have implications for theories of L2 speech acquisition as well as pedagogical techniques when teaching English vowels.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0711/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
FROM NOTHING TO SOMETHING: TALE OF UNRAVELING THE SECRET TO SUCCESS OF A NEOPHYTE CRIMINOLOGIST IN TAKING LICENSURE EXAM
Authors: Pueblo Jerine A. , Besas Marnie J. , Rodriguez Geraldine D. 
Published: June 2024

This phenomenological study aimed to fathom the tale of unravelling the secret to the success of neophyte criminologists in passing the licensure examination. The study utilized a qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach, with 18 criminologists from Ramon Magsaysay Memorial College, General Santos City, chosen through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used as a data analysis tool. In light of this, results revealed the themes developed wherein this also discovered that the secret to the success of criminologists in taking and passing the CLE where they experienced mixed emotions, very challenging, stressful phenomena, feelings of nervousness, lack of preparation, frustrating events, remaining hopeful and positivism helps. In addition, criminologists experienced challenges like time constraints, financial problems, no face-to-face review, sleepless nights, anxiety situations and restrictions during the pandemic. On the coping mechanisms, criminologists pray harder, seek help, manage time well, rest when necessary, study hard, boost self-esteem, enrol in a review centre and practice the elimination methods. Furthermore, criminologists’ insights or realization revealed that preparation is necessary: take the review seriously, join a group study, give your best shot, surpass trials, increase faith and prioritize well-being. Taking a criminologist licensure exam requires extensive preparation and perseverance as they will encounter many challenges before they pass it. The insights learned by the neophyte criminologists make them more competent as professionals in their field of specialization.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0787/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE EFFICACY OF PAN AFRICA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY TRANSFORMATIVE SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM ON THE TEACHER’S MORAL AND SOCIAL LIFE
Authors: Too Sally J. , Nyamai Dinah K. , Mambo Alice W. 
Published: June 2024

Nearly every civilization has faced a plethora of moral issues since the introduction of contemporary innovations, including violence, drug misuse, nepotism, thievery, corruption, immorality, and sexual abuse. The old institutions that formerly taught social cohesion, morality, and the meaning of life have been eroded and are no longer helpful. This study argues that Sunday school, which Robert Raikes founded in the eighteenth century, remains essential for teaching morality to the next generation. It examines how Pan Africa Christian University's training program aligns with Sunday school teachers’ understanding of contemporary Christianity, at Christ Is The Answer Ministries in Kapsabet, Nandi County. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-method research design. The target population was 135 participants, including trained teachers, church leaders and parents with children in Sunday school. The study findings indicated a statistically positive and significant relationship between the Transformational Leadership Training Program and Teachers’ moral life at (r=0.519**; p&lt;0.05). The study findings also revealed a statistically significant relationship between the Transformational Leadership Training Program and Teachers’ social lifestyle at (r=0.509**; p&lt;0.05). The study findings confirmed that the said church leaders’ training program effectively equips and trains Sunday school teachers to nurture children holistically.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0087/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
DISCUSSING PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION DURING ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS AND LESSONS FOR VIETNAM
Authors: Quyen Do Hong , Linh Bui Ngoc 
Published: June 2024

In today's society, where digital technologies have a pervasive influence, data protection has emerged as a paramount concern across various scientific fields. In the realm of legal science, international arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, also faces its own challenges in this regard. This article delves into the issue of personal data, the urgency of data protection in international arbitration, and, through an analysis of typical data protection regulations worldwide, domestic laws on data protection in general and in arbitration proceedings in particular. Based on this analysis, the article proposes recommendations for enhancing data protection in arbitration proceedings, contributing to the improvement of the Draft Commercial Arbitration Law of Vietnam.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0707/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
UM VERDADEIRO CENÁRIO ÉTNICO EM MACEIÓ: sociabilidade urbana e arranjos culturais no bairro da Levada na Primeira República
Authors: Rafael Ulisses 
Published: June 2024

Este artigo explora as formas de interação social em espaços públicos da cidade de Maceió, em Alagoas, especificamente no bairro periférico da Levada, cuja população se formou a partir da passagem do século XIX para o século XX, por ex-escravizados, remanescentes africanos, homens e mulheres livres e pobres. Diante das dinâmicas cotidianas relacionadas ao trabalho e ao entretenimento, podemos pensá-lo como um verdadeiro cenário étnico. Procuramos explorar as formas de sociabilidades verificadas nas áreas públicas do bairro, sobretudo as sociabilidades das celebrações religiosas, espaço privilegiado para observação dos costumes e normas de comportamento público. Destacamos duas situações celebrativas: a festa de São Benedito e as homenagens à Santa Bárbara. Essas festas, realizadas pelas casas religiosas de matrizes africanas, atraiam muitas pessoas, tanto do bairro como de outras localidades. Elas ganhavam maior visibilidade quando organizadas por Chico Foguinho, liderança religiosa do bairro. Nas notícias jornalísticas, as festas eram frequentemente relatadas como fatos trágicos, anedóticos ou como denúncias feitas por vizinhos insatisfeitos. A interpretação se deu sobre matérias de jornais da época, particularmente o Jornal de Alagoas, principal órgão oposicionista, além das crônicas locais daquele período. Este artigo deriva da pesquisa de doutorado, iniciado nos anos 2000, cujo objetivo foi investigar a perseguição contra as casas de culto religioso, conhecidas, à época, como xangôs. A conclusão, conforme já verificada na tese (Rafael, 2004), é que a presença da população negra de Maceió sempre foi obliterada, não apenas por parte da imprensa, mas, sobretudo nos trabalhos de cunho acadêmico de períodos mais recentes.
A DÁDIVA PATERNALISTA: apontamentos sobre a reciprocidade das concessões na cidade-empresa
Authors: Ornelas Norberto Quintana Guidotti de 
Published: June 2024

Entendendo que o paternalismo envolve vínculos de proximidade, benfeitoria, auxílio e ajuda que se desenvolvem entre sujeitos de posições desiguais — relação comum em assentamentos industriais que mantêm um projeto autárquico de assistência aos trabalhadores —, este artigo busca refletir em que medida o paternalismo empresarial pode ser interpretado como uma forma de dádiva, baseada na reciprocidade e dependência. Para tal, parte-se do constructo teórico de Marcel Mauss (2003) e seus desdobramentos contemporâneos. O caso concreto que baliza esta reflexão é o da cidade-empresa de Minas do Camaquã/RS. A partir da compreensão do fenômeno no grupo investigado, por meio de análise documental e entrevistas com ex-trabalhadores(as) da Companhia Brasileira do Cobre, é possível estabelecer aproximações explicativas entre os dons e dívidas que eram oriundos das benesses do patrão e as dinâmicas das relações laborais tecidas entre os trabalhadores mineiros e a empresa.
Kurangnya Keaktifan Belajar Siswa pada Materi Kata Baku dan Kata Tidak Baku di Kelas VI SD/MI
Authors: Sari Dessy Kartika , Simarmata Grace Lilyana , Giawa Serniman Julita , Khairani Sufina , Wihelmina Yurika 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis masalah yang ada dalam pembelajaran bahasa indonesia ini khususnya pada materi penggunaan kata baku dan tidak baku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan kurangnya aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dan kurangnya minat siswa dalam mempelajari bahasa Indonesia. Dari analisis permasalahan yang ditemukan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Kurangnya aktivitas siswa dapat disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal dan faktor internal. Kurangnya minat siswa dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya rasa suka dan minat terhadap suatu hal tanpa ada yang menyuruhnya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dan meningkatkan minat belajar siswa Bahasa Indonesia.