bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of influenza vaccination with reduced risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Zhu Tienan , Carcaillon Laure , Martinez Isabelle , Cambou Jean-Pierre , Kyndt Xavier , Guillot Karine , Vergnes Marie-Christine , Scarabin Pierre-Yves , Emmerich Joseph 
Published: October 2009

SummaryInfluenza vaccination can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease, but its impact on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been studied. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether influenza vaccination reduces the risk of VTE. We conducted a case-control study involving 1,454 adults enrolled in 11 French centers between 2003 and 2007, comprising 727 consecutive cases with a first documented episode of VTE and 727 age- and sex-matched controls. In the case and control groups 202 (28.2%) and 233 (32.1%) subjects, respectively, had been vaccinated against influenza during the previous 12 months. After multivariate regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR) for VTE associated with vaccination were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.97) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.32–0.85), respectively, for the whole population and for subjects aged 52 years or less. The protective effect of vaccination was similar for deep venous thrombosis (OR 0.9; 95% CI, 0.60–1.35) and pulmonary embolism (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.94) and for both provoked (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.97) and unprovoked VTE (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59–1.23).This case-control study suggests that influenza vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of VTE.
Effectiveness of a new immuno-assay for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and improved specificity when detecting IgG antibodies
Authors: Pouplard Claire , Leroux Dorothée , Regina Sandra , Rollin Jérôme , Gruel Yves 
Published: October 2009

SummaryThe diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is based on clinical criteria and biological assays. Most immunoassays detect antibodies (either IgG alone or additionally IgA and IgM) against PF4 immobilised in wells of microtiter plates with stoichiometric concentrations of polyanion (heparin or polyvinylsulfonate). We studied whether diagnostic sensitivity and/or specificity for HIT could be improved using a novel assay in which unfractionated heparin is immobilised alone to the microwells, with PF4 (and, potentially, other heparin-dependent antigen proteins) provided by adding platelet lysate during the procedure. Samples from 101 patients with suspected HIT and from 101 controls (including 50 with antiphospholipid antibodies) were tested. The global assay (Zymutest HIA IgG/A/M®, Hyphen BioMed) was positive for 39 of 40 patients with definite HIT (positive PF4-specific ELISA and positive serotonin release assay). It was positive in only two of the 101 control patients studied and also in 14 of the 61 patients with suspected HIT for whom the disease was excluded (specificity (sp): 77%). On the other hand, Zymutest HIA IgG®, an IgG-specific assay, was positive in only six patients without HIT (Sp: 90%). Heparin-dependent IgG antibodies were present at higher levels in patients with definite HIT than in those for whom the diagnosis of HIT was ruled out. A single ELISA that detects IgG antibodies is more effective for the diagnosis of HIT in clinical practice. These results also support the hypothesis that heparin-dependent antibodies of IgG class have a major role in the pathogenesis of HIT.
Anticoagulant activity of a sulfated galactan: Serpin-independent effect and specific interaction with factor Xa
Authors: Glauser Bianca , Rezende Ricardo , Melo Fabio , Pereira Mariana , Francischetti Ivo , Monteiro Robson , Rezaie Alireza , Mourão Paulo 
Published: October 2009

SummaryAn algal sulfated galactan has high anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. Its serpin-dependent anticoagulant action is due to promoting thrombin and factor (F)Xa inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. Here, we evaluated the anticoagulant effect of the algal sulfated galactan using serpin-free plasma. In contrast to heparin, the sulfated galactan is still able to prolong coagulation time and delay thrombin and FXa generation in serpin-free plasma. We further investigated this effect using purified blood coagulation proteins, discovering that sulfated galactan inhibits the intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complexes, which are critical for FXa and thrombin generation, respectively. We also investigated the mechanism by which sulfated galactan promotes FXa inhibition by antithrombin using specific recombinant mutants of the protease. We show that sulfated galactan interacts with the heparin-binding exosite of FXa and Arg-236 and Lys-240 of this site are critical residues for this interaction, as observed for heparin. Thus, sulfated galactan and heparin have similar high-affinity and specificity for interaction with FXa, though they have differences in their chemical structures. Similar to heparin, the ability of sulfated galactan to potentiate FXa inhibition by antithrombin is calcium-dependent. However, in contrast to heparin, this effect is not entirely dependent on the conformation of the γ-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain of the protease. In conclusion, sulfated galactan and heparin have some similar effects on blood coagulation, but also differ significantly at the molecular level. This sulfated galactan opens new perspective for the development of antithrombotic drugs.
Organ- and endotheliotropism of Nipah virus infections in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Neufeld james , Weingartl Hana , Maisner Andrea 
Published: October 2009

SummaryNipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that was first isolated in 1999 during an outbreak in Malaysia. In contrast to other paramyxoviruses NiV infects many mammalian species. Because of its zoonotic potential, the high pathogenicity and the lack of therapeutic treatment, NiV was classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen. In humans NiV causes a severe acute encephalitis whereas in some animal hosts respiratory symptoms are predominantly observed. Despite the differences in the clinical outcome, microvascular endothelial cell damage predominantly underlies the pathological changes in NiV infections in all sus-ceptible host species. NiV generally induces a pronounced vasculitis which is primarily characterised by endothelial cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. For future developments of specific antiviral therapies or vaccines, a detailed understanding of the molecular basis of NiV pathogenesis is required.This article reviews the current knowledge about natural and experimental infections in different mammals, focusing on the main organ and cell tropism in vivo, and summarises some recent studies in cell culture on the role of ephrin-B2 and -B3 receptors in NiV infection of endothelial cells.
Characterisation of an antibody specific for coagulation factor VIII that enhances factor VIII activity
Authors: Takeyama Masahiro , Nogami Keiji , Matsumoto Tomoko , Soeda Tetsuhiro , Suzuki Tsukasa , Hattori Kunihiro , Shima Midori 
Published: October 2009

SummaryMany reports have identified factor (F)VIII inhibitory antibodies with epitopes located in all subunits of the FVIII molecule. Antibodies that promote FVIII activity do not appear to have been reported. We characterised, for the first time, a unique anti-FVIII monoclonal antibody, mAb216, that enhanced FVIII coagulant activity. The mAb216 shortened the activated partial thromboplastin time and specifically increased FVIII activity by ~1.5-fold dose-dependently. FXa generation and thrombin generation were similarly increased by ~1.4- and ~2.5-fold, respectively. An A2 epitope, not overlapping the common A2 epitope, was identified and the antibody was shown to enhance thrombin (and FXa)-catalysed activation of FVIII by modestly accelerating cleavage at Arg372. The presence of mAb216 mediated an ~1.5-fold decrease in Km for the FVIII-thrombin interaction. Enhanced FVIII activity was evident to an equal degree, even the presence of anti-FVIII neutralising antibodies with epitopes in each subunit. In addition, mAb216 depressed the rates of heat-denatured loss of FVIII activity and FVIIIa decay by 2 to ~2.5-fold. We have developed an anti-A2, FVIII mAb216 that augmented procoagulant activity. This enhancing effect could be attributed to an increase in thrombin-induced activation of FVIII, mediated by cleavage at Arg372 and a tighter interaction of thrombin with the A2 domain. The findings may cast new light on new principles for improving the treatment of haemophilia A patients.
Expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in human breast and colon cancer tissue
Authors: Sierko Ewa , Wojtukiewicz Marek , Zimnoch Lech , Kisiel Walter 
Published: October 2009

SummaryActivation of blood coagulation, a phenomenon frequently observed in breast and colon cancer patients, contributes to tumour progression. The principal initiator of blood coagulation activation in cancer patients is tissue factor (TF), while tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the main inhibitor of the TF-dependent pathway of blood coagulation. Previous immunohistochemical studies revealed no expression of TFPI in human cancer cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of TFPI protein and mRNA in breast and colon cancer tissues. A total of 108 cancer tissues (from primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes) were obtained from 87 patients during surgical treatment. Immunohistochemical studies using a polyclonal anti-TFPI antibody were performed including a semiquantitative analysis. The in situ hybridisation method employed single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide (probe sequence: 5’Biotin-CCACCATACTTGAAACGTTCACACT-Biotin3’) directed against TFPI mRNA. Strong or medium expression of TFPI protein was observed in cancer cell bodies in all breast cancers and in most (39/66 cases) colon cancers examined. Weaker expression of TFPI was detected in cancer cells localised in lymph node metastatic foci of breast cancer. Endothelial cells were also TFPI-positive. TFPI mRNA was demonstrated in all cases of breast and in approximately 80% cases of colon cancer cells. TFPI mRNA and protein are present in association with colon and breast cancer cells, suggesting that the protein may play a role in cancer biology. The presence of TFPI in association with breast cancer cells localised in regional lymph nodes may indicate its role in lymphatic spread.
Revisiting the Parable of the Prodigal Son for Decolonization: Luke's Reconfiguration of Oikos in 15:11-32
Authors: Park Rohun 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe early Christian Gospels' most radical construction of the household (oikos) helps to create extensive opportunities and freedoms over and against the constraints of the Roman Empire. In particular, the Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11-32) provides a transformative awareness of living and interacting under the Empire and writes its empowering effects into the present context of grassroots people. The paterfamilias of the parable is crossing the boundary of colonial oikos which has been least traversed. While going back and forth interacting with his sons, the paterfamilias erases the borderline and releases oikos from the economic, social, and cultural constructions of colonial power. Jesus' oikos emerges not from a moral regarding good economic discipline and earnings, but rather from real needs and real community under the mercy and grace of a God who levels all boundaries: "every valley" and "every mountain." This essay is a postcolonial reading of the Parable of the Prodigal Son from an East Asian perspective.
Herman Melville: Between Charlemagne and the Antemosaic Cosmic Man: Race, Class, and the Crisis of Bourgeois Ideology in the American Renaissance Writer
Authors: Tally Jr. Robert 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTally reviews Loren Goldner's Herman Melville: Between Charlemagne and the Antemosaic Cosmic King, which posits that Melville was the American Marx, exposing the crisis of bourgeois ideology in the revolutionary period around 1848. In this, Goldner follows a tradition of Marxian scholarship of Melville, notably including C.L.R. James, Michael Paul Rogin, and Cesare Casarino. Tally concludes that Goldner's argument, while interesting, is limited by its focus on American exceptionalism and by ignoring the postnational force of Melville's novels.
The Korean Developmental State: From Dirigisme to Neoliberalism
Authors: Jeong Seongjin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPirie's new book attempts a long-awaited Marxist analysis of the contemporary Korean state. It seeks to go beyond the binary opposition between neoliberal market-fundamentalism and Keynesian statism by persuasively demonstrating the indispensability of the state's role in the establishment of neoliberalism in Korea. It also provides an original and insightful analysis of the neoliberal regulation of finance in Korea. However, Pirie's central argument that the stable neoliberal régime of accumulation was established in Korea after the 1997 crisis can be questioned in view of the trend in profitability, the same empirical evidence on which his argument rests. Pirie also needs to provide a more consistent Marxist class-analysis of capitalism in Korea.
Terrible Silence, Eternal Silence: A Feminist Re-Reading of Dinah's Voicelessness in Genesis 34
Authors: Blyth Caroline 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article explores the theme of Dinah's narrative silence in the text and interpretive traditions of Genesis 34. Although Dinah's rape is of central importance to the narrative development of this text, she remains throughout the story a marginal character. Her experience is contextualized by the author within a strictly patriarchal ideological framework, thereby denying her a voice with which to articulate and focalize her thoughts, feelings, and pain. Furthermore, there is a propensity within biblical interpretation simply to re-endorse the narrator's ideologies and value systems pertaining to sexual violence by accepting Dinah's voicelessness and absence as simply an invitation likewise to ignore her. I explore the ethical implications of Dinah's suppression within both this biblical text and its interpretive traditions, comparing her plight to that of contemporary rape survivors, and propose a means of utilising the testimonies of these survivors as a hermeneutical key in order to conceptualise Dinah's narrative elision as an intrinsic part of her rape experience. Using this feminist hermeneutical strategy, I hope to open the door to further readings of Genesis 34, which may endeavour to grant Dinah more sympathetic interpretive consideration, protest against her marginalization, and give her a voice with which to tell her story.
Presence Deferred: The Name of Jesus and Self-Referential Eschatological Prophecy in Acts 3
Authors: Busch Austin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn Acts 3, Peter calls God "the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the God of our fathers" (3:13), a surprisingly rare OT appellation occurring thrice in Exodus 3. Acts 3's story of the healed cripple rewrites LXX Exodus 3, reversing various markers of God's presence prominent therein, the most significant of which is God's resistance to being named. Initially calling himself òων (3:14), God ultimately acquiesces to a periphrastic self-designation: the unnamed god of named others (3:15-16). In "Edmond Jabès and the Question of the Book," Jacques Derrida explains why God's presence resists naming: to call something something else involves a conceptualization of being that effaces Being itself. Following this logic, Acts 3's repeated references to "the name of Jesus" (3:6, 16) signify the ascended Christ's absence (1:6-11), whose implications Peter's sermon explores. Although Peter speaks of the eschatological consummation that the "holy prophets" announced (3:20-21), when recalling such a prophecy he quotes from Deuteronomy 18, "the Lord will raise up a prophet like me" (3:22-23), going on to assert that "all prophets" speak of the time when God will do this (3:24). Prophets' prophesy about a time when God will raise up a prophet who, according to 3:24, will prophesy about a time when God will raise up a prophet. This circular prophecy of an eschatological prophet gestures at the infinite deferral of Christ's eschatological presence, or παρoυσíα. In dialogue with Hans Conzelmann, I consider the implications of this and a related episode (Luke 17:22-37) for Lukan eschatology.
Beyond Theological Rationalism: The Contemporary Relevance of Herder's Psychology of Religion
Authors: Crowe Benjamin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractJ.G. Herder (1744-1804) is acknowledged as a pioneer in philosophy, theology, history, anthropology, and allied disciplines. This paper explores Herder's development of a psychogenetic account of religion through a critical confrontation with the dominant theological rationalism of the age. Herder's view undercuts various false dilemmas posed by the rationalists by situating religion within a reconfigured account of the “lower faculties” of the soul, thereby effecting an important, if somewhat overlooked, revolution in the modern science of religion.
The Mennaisian “Catholic Science of Religion”: Epistemology and History in Early Nineteenth-Century French Study
Authors: McCalla Arthur 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis article examines the “science of religion” constructed by the Catholic Traditionalist Félicité de Lamennais (1782-1854) and his followers associated with the journal Mémorial Catholique (1824-1830) as an aspect of the career of the concept of religion in France in the early nineteenth century. It rests on the dual convictions that “religion” is an epistemological object that possesses a history and that the early nineteenth century occupies a transitional place in the shift from biblically-based to critical-historical approaches to thinking about religion. It will also yield some concluding reflections on the post-colonialist turn in recent historiography of religion.
Connections, Confusions, Colonialism and the Construction of Religion: Making Sense of Fitzgerald's Discourse on Civility and Barbarity
Authors: Kellison Rosemary 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTimothy Fitzgerald's recent Discourse on Civility and Barbarity, represents an important development in his work. In this book he attempts to introduce a new argument into his overall project, illustrating a connection between the invention of “religion” that he has described elsewhere and a particular (English) colonial discourse. This essay argues that while Fitzgerald's argument shows promise, he has not yet fully succeeded in making this connection explicit. Confusion over his accounts of Locke's colonial interests, as well as the supposed universality of the discourse of civility and barbarity, indicate that Fitzgerald has more work to do.
Sensitivity Studies of the Models of Radar-Rainfall Uncertainties
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Krajewski Witold F. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
It is well acknowledged that there are large uncertainties associated with the operational quantitative precipitation estimates produced by the U.S. national network of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). These errors result from the measurement principles, parameter estimation, and the not fully understood physical processes. Even though comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the total radar-rainfall uncertainties has been the object of earlier studies, an open question remains concerning how the error model results are affected by parameter values and correction setups in the radar-rainfall algorithms. This study focuses on the effects of different exponents in the reflectivity–rainfall (Z–R) relation [Marshall–Palmer, default Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD), and tropical] and the impact of an anomalous propagation removal algorithm. To address this issue, the authors apply an empirically based model in which the relation between true rainfall and radar rainfall could be described as the product of a systematic distortion function and a random component. Additionally, they extend the error model to describe the radar-rainfall uncertainties in an additive form. This approach is fully empirically based, and rain gauge measurements are considered as an approximation of the true rainfall. The proposed results are based on a large sample (6 yr) of data from the Oklahoma City radar (KTLX) and processed through the Hydro-NEXRAD software system. The radar data are complemented with the corresponding rain gauge observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet and the Agricultural Research Service Micronet.
A Rain-Rate Retrieval Algorithm for Attenuated Radar Measurements
Authors: Koner Prabhat K. , Battaglia Alessandro , Simmer Clemens 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
A dynamic regularization scheme for rain-rate retrievals from attenuated radar measurements is presented. Most regularization techniques, including the optimal estimation method, use the state-space parameters to regularize the problem, which will always lead to a bias in the solution. To avoid this problem the authors introduce an evolutionary regularization technique, which is based on the spatial derivative of the measured reflectivity profile and allows for a bias-free global solution. The regularization strength is determined by the quadratic eigenvalue solution using the regularized total least squares method. With the new method, the authors perform a retrieval of rain-rate profiles from simulated measurements of a nadir-pointing W-band (94 GHz) radar, in a configuration similar to the cloud radar employed on CloudSat. The simulations assume that multiple scattering is negligible and only liquid hydrometeors are taken into account. The authors compare the results of this method with the outcome of an optimal estimation method and demonstrate that their method is superior in terms of reliability, correlation coefficient, and dispersion to the optimal estimation method for layers experiencing high values of attenuation; therefore, the a priori bias typical for optimal estimation solutions is avoided.
An Analysis of the Effect of Topography on the Martian Hadley Cells
Authors: Zalucha Angela M. , Plumb R. Alan , Wilson R. John 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Previous work with Mars general circulation models (MGCMs) has shown that the north–south slope in Martian topography causes asymmetries in the Hadley cells at equinox and in the annual average. To quantitatively solve for the latitude of the dividing streamline and poleward boundaries of the cells, the Hadley cell model of Lindzen and Hou was modified to include topography. The model was thermally forced by Newtonian relaxation to an equilibrium temperature profile calculated with daily averaged solar forcing at constant season. Two sets of equilibrium temperatures were considered that either contained the effects of convection or did not. When convective effects were allowed, the presence of the slope component shifted the dividing streamline upslope, qualitatively similar to a change in season in Lindzen and Hou’s original (flat) model. The modified model also confirmed that the geometrical effects of the slope are much smaller than the thermal effects of the slope on the radiative–convective equilibrium temperature aloft. The results are compared to a simple MGCM forced by Newtonian relaxation to the same equilibrium temperature profiles, and the two models agree except at the winter pole near solstice. The simple MGCM results for radiative–convective forcing also show an asymmetry between the strengths of the Hadley cells at the northern summer and northern winter solstices. The Hadley cell weakens with increasing slope steepness at northern summer solstice but has little effect on the strength at northern winter solstice.