bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GABAergic system in atrioventricular node pacemaker cells controls electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles
Authors: Liang Dandan , Zhou Liping , Zhou Huixing , Zhang Fulei , Fang Guojian , Leng Junwei , Wu Yahan , Zhang Yuemei , Yang Anqi , Liu Yi , Chen Yi-Han 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhysiologically, the atria contract first, followed by the ventricles, which is the prerequisite for normal blood circulation. The above phenomenon of atrioventricular sequential contraction results from the characteristically slow conduction of electrical excitation of the atrioventricular node (AVN) between the atria and the ventricles. However, it is not clear what controls the conduction of electrical excitation within AVNs. Here, we find that AVN pacemaker cells (AVNPCs) possess an intact intrinsic GABAergic system, which plays a key role in electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles. First, along with the discovery of abundant GABA-containing vesicles under the surface membranes of AVNPCs, key elements of the GABAergic system, including GABA metabolic enzymes, GABA receptors, and GABA transporters, were identified in AVNPCs. Second, GABA synchronously elicited GABA-gated currents in AVNPCs, which significantly weakened the excitability of AVNPCs. Third, the key molecular elements of the GABAergic system markedly modulated the conductivity of electrical excitation in the AVN. Fourth, GABAA receptor deficiency in AVNPCs accelerated atrioventricular conduction, which impaired the AVN’s protective potential against rapid ventricular frequency responses, increased susceptibility to lethal ventricular arrhythmias, and decreased the cardiac contractile function. Finally, interventions targeting the GABAergic system effectively prevented the occurrence and development of atrioventricular block. In summary, the endogenous GABAergic system in AVNPCs determines the slow conduction of electrical excitation within AVNs, thereby ensuring sequential atrioventricular contraction. The endogenous GABAergic system shows promise as a novel intervention target for cardiac arrhythmias.
Mapping and annotating genomic loci to prioritize genes and implicate distinct polygenic adaptations for skin color
Authors: Kim Beomsu , Kim Dan Say , Shin Joong-Gon , Leem Sangseob , Cho Minyoung , Kim Hanji , Gu Ki-Nam , Seo Jung Yeon , You Seung Won , Martin Alicia R. , Park Sun Gyoo , Kim Yunkwan , Jeong Choongwon , Kang Nae Gyu , Won Hong-Hee 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvidence for adaptation of human skin color to regional ultraviolet radiation suggests shared and distinct genetic variants across populations. However, skin color evolution and genetics in East Asians are understudied. We quantified skin color in 48,433 East Asians using image analysis and identified associated genetic variants and potential causal genes for skin color as well as their polygenic interplay with sun exposure. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 known and 11 previously unreported loci and SNP-based heritability was 23–24%. Potential causal genes were determined through the identification of nonsynonymous variants, colocalization with gene expression in skin tissues, and expression levels in melanocytes. Genomic loci associated with pigmentation in East Asians substantially diverged from European populations, and we detected signatures of polygenic adaptation. This large GWAS for objectively quantified skin color in an East Asian population improves understanding of the genetic architecture and polygenic adaptation of skin color and prioritizes potential causal genes.
Design and synthesis of broadband absorption covalent organic framework for efficient artificial photocatalytic amine coupling
Authors: Fang Yuanding , Liu Youxing , Huang Haojie , Sun Jianzhe , Hong Jiaxing , Zhang Fan , Wei Xiaofang , Gao Wenqiang , Shao Mingchao , Guo Yunlong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yunqi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping highly active materials that efficiently utilize solar spectra is crucial for photocatalysis, but still remains a challenge. Here, we report a new donor-acceptor (D-A) covalent organic framework (COF) with a wide absorption range from 200 nm to 900 nm (ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light). We find that the thiophene functional group is accurately introduced into the electron acceptor units of TpDPP-Py (TpDPP: 5,5’-(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)−3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diyl)bis(thiophene-2-carbaldehyde), Py: 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)pyrene) COFs not only significantly extends its spectral absorption capacity but also endows them with two-photon and three-photon absorption effects, greatly enhancing the utilization rate of sunlight. The selective coupling of benzylamine as the target reactant is used to assess the photocatalytic activity of TpDPP-Py COFs, showing high photocatalytic conversion of 99% and selectivity of 98% in 20 min. Additionally, the TpDPP-Py COFs also exhibit the universality of photocatalytic selective coupling of other imine derivatives with ~100% conversion efficiency. Overall, this work brings a significant strategy for developing COFs with a wide absorption range to enhance photocatalytic activity.
Bending skyrmion strings under two-dimensional thermal gradients
Authors: Ran Kejing , Tan Wancong , Sun Xinyu , Liu Yizhou , Dalgliesh Robert M. , Steinke Nina-Juliane , van der Laan Gerrit , Langridge Sean , Hesjedal Thorsten , Zhang Shilei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMagnetic skyrmions are topologically protected magnetization vortices that form three-dimensional strings in chiral magnets. With the manipulation of skyrmions being key to their application in devices, the focus has been on their dynamics within the vortex plane, while the dynamical control of skyrmion strings remained uncharted territory. Here, we report the effective bending of three-dimensional skyrmion strings in the chiral magnet MnSi in orthogonal thermal gradients using small angle neutron scattering. This dynamical behavior is achieved by exploiting the temperature-dependent skyrmion Hall effect, which is unexpected in the framework of skyrmion dynamics. We thus provide experimental evidence for the existence of magnon friction, which was recently proposed to be a key ingredient for capturing skyrmion dynamics, requiring a modification of Thiele’s equation. Our work therefore suggests the existence of an extra degree of freedom for the manipulation of three-dimensional skyrmions.
Ion migration mechanisms in the early stages of drying and degradation of oil paint films
Authors: Gnemmi Margherita , Fuster-Lòpez Laura , Mecklenburg Marion , Murray Alison , Sands Sarah , Watson Greg , Izzo Francesca Caterina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study of film-formation processes of oil paints has been extensively addressed over the last decade and the influence of metal ions in the drying and degradation stages of oil paints has been demonstrated. This research aimed to determine a suitable methodology for monitoring the early drying stages of selected commercial oil paint films and to gain an insight into the migration mechanisms of material degradation taking place between adjacent paint films, with special attention to the influence of the lead white. For this purpose, a hybrid approach was adopted to characterize the composition of the paint and highlight failure mechanisms in the paint films through a wide range of time. The methods included scribe tests, percentage weight variation (ΔW%), attenuated reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results show how metal ions interact with the oil binder and the pigment in the adjacent paint film: the transverse migration of lead white is shown to affect the reactivity of polyunsaturated triglycerides, increasing the rate of oxygen uptake and promoting the formation of radicals and bonds between polymer chains, depending on the pigment with which it interacts.
A de novo designed coiled coil-based switch regulates the microtubule motor kinesin-1
Authors: Cross Jessica A. , Dawson William M. , Shukla Shivam R. , Weijman Johannes F. , Mantell Judith , Dodding Mark P. , Woolfson Derek N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany enzymes are allosterically regulated via conformational change; however, our ability to manipulate these structural changes and control function is limited. Here we install a conformational switch for allosteric activation into the kinesin-1 microtubule motor in vitro and in cells. Kinesin-1 is a heterotetramer that accesses open active and closed autoinhibited states. The equilibrium between these states centers on a flexible elbow within a complex coiled-coil architecture. We target the elbow to engineer a closed state that can be opened with a de novo designed peptide. The alternative states are modeled computationally and confirmed by biophysical measurements and electron microscopy. In cells, peptide-driven activation increases kinesin transport, demonstrating a primary role for conformational switching in regulating motor activity. The designs are enabled by our understanding of ubiquitous coiled-coil structures, opening possibilities for controlling other protein activities.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of high latitude bamboo coral via X-ray microfocus Computed Tomography
Authors: Williams Thomas J. , Basford Philip J. , Katsamenis Orestis L. , Solan Martin , Foster Gavin L. , Standish Christopher , Godbold Jasmin A. , Archambault Philippe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe skeletons of long-lived bamboo coral (Family Keratoisididae) are promising archives for deep-water palaeoceanographic reconstructions as they can record environmental variation at sub-decadal resolution in locations where in-situ measurements lack temporal coverage. Yet, detailed three dimensional (3D) characterisations of bamboo coral skeletal architecture are not routinely available and non-destructive investigations into microscale variations in calcification are rare. Here, we provide high-resolution micro-focus computed tomography (µCT) data of skeletal density for two species of bamboo coral (Acanella arbuscula: 5 specimens, voxel size, 15 µm (central branch scans) and 50 µm (complete structure scan); Keratoisis sp.: 4 specimens, voxel size, 15 µm) collected from the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay deep-water basins, Eastern Canadian Arctic. These data provide reference models useful for developing methods to assess structural integrity and other fine-scale complexities in many biological, geological, and industrial systems. This will be of wider value to those investigating structural composition, arrangement and/or composition of complex architecture within the fields and subdisciplines of biology, ecology, medicine, environmental geology, and structural engineering.
A harmonized global gridded transpiration product based on collocation analysis
Authors: Li Changming , Han Juntai , Liu Ziwei , Tu Zhuoyi , Yang Hanbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTranspiration (T) is pivotal in the global water cycle, responding to soil moisture, atmospheric stress, climate changes, and human impacts. Therefore, establishing a reliable global transpiration dataset is essential. Collocation analysis methods have been proven effective for assessing the errors in these products, which can subsequently be used for multisource fusion. However, previous results did not consider error cross-correlation, rendering the results less reliable. In this study, we employ collocation analysis, taking error cross-correlation into account, to effectively analyze the errors in multiple transpiration products and merge them to obtain a more reliable dataset. The results demonstrate its superior reliability. The outcome is a long-term daily global transpiration dataset at 0.1°from 2000 to 2020. Using the transpiration after partitioning at FLUXNET sites as a reference, we compare the performance of the merged product with inputs. The merged dataset performs well across various vegetation types and is validated against in-situ observations. Incorporating non-zero ECC considerations represents a significant theoretical and proven enhancement over previous methodologies that neglected such conditions, highlighting its reliability in enhancing our understanding of transpiration dynamics in a changing world.
Time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate abundances and site characteristics of European streams and rivers
Authors: Welti Ellen A. R. , Bowler Diana E. , Sinclair James S. , Altermatt Florian , Álvarez-Cabria Mario , Amatulli Giuseppe , Angeler David G. , Archambaud Gaït , Arrate Jorrín Iñaki , Aspin Thomas , Azpiroz Iker , Baker Nathan Jay , Bañares Iñaki , Barquín Ortiz José , Bodin Christian L. , Bonacina Luca , Bonada Núria , Bottarin Roberta , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , Csabai Zoltán , Datry Thibault , de Eyto Elvira , Dohet Alain , Domisch Sami , Dörflinger Gerald , Drohan Emma , Eikland Knut A. , England Judy , Eriksen Tor E. , Evtimova Vesela , Feio Maria J. , Ferréol Martial , Floury Mathieu , Forcellini Maxence , Forio Marie Anne Eurie , Fornaroli Riccardo , Friberg Nikolai , Fruget Jean-François , Garcia Marquez Jaime R. , Georgieva Galia , Goethals Peter , Graça Manuel A. S. , House Andy , Huttunen Kaisa-Leena , Jensen Thomas Correll , Johnson Richard K. , Jones J. Iwan , Kiesel Jens , Larrañaga Aitor , Leitner Patrick , L’Hoste Lionel , Lizée Marie-Hélène , Lorenz Armin W. , Maire Anthony , Manzanos Arnaiz Jesús Alberto , Mckie Brendan , Millán Andrés , Muotka Timo , Murphy John F. , Ozolins Davis , Paavola Riku , Paril Petr , Peñas Silva Francisco Jesús , Polasek Marek , Rasmussen Jes , Rubio Manu , Sánchez Fernández David , Sandin Leonard , Schäfer Ralf B. , Schmidt-Kloiber Astrid , Scotti Alberto , Shen Longzhu Q. , Skuja Agnija , Stoll Stefan , Straka Michal , Stubbington Rachel , Timm Henn , Tyufekchieva Violeta G. , Tziortzis Iakovos , Uzunov Yordan , van der Lee Gea H. , Vannevel Rudy , Varadinova Emilia , Várbíró Gábor , Velle Gaute , Verdonschot Piet F. M. , Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Vidinova Yanka , Wiberg-Larsen Peter , Haase Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFreshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group and play key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling primary producers, and providing food for predators. Their differences in tolerances and short generation times manifest in rapid community responses to change. Macroinvertebrate community composition is an indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal and spatial variation of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM dataset (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates), consisting of macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years and 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include >93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to test questions ranging from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts.
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of oil-tea tree Camellia crapnelliana
Authors: Zhang Fen , Feng Li-ying , Lin Pei-fan , Jia Ju-jin , Gao Li-zhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCamellia crapnelliana Tutch., belonging to the Theaceae family, is an excellent landscape tree species with high ornamental values. It is particularly an important woody oil-bearing plant species with high ecological, economic, and medicinal values. Here, we first report the chromosome-scale reference genome of C. crapnelliana with integrated technologies of SMRT, Hi-C and Illumina sequencing platforms. The genome assembly had a total length of ~2.94 Gb with contig N50 of ~67.5 Mb, and ~96.34% of contigs were assigned to 15 chromosomes. In total, we predicted 37,390 protein-coding genes, ~99.00% of which could be functionally annotated. The chromosome-scale genome of C. crapnelliana will become valuable resources for understanding the genetic basis of the fatty acid biosynthesis, and greatly facilitate the exploration and conservation of C. crapnelliana.
Development of a novel self-healing Zn(II)-metallohydrogel with wide bandgap semiconducting properties for non-volatile memory device application
Authors: Roy Arpita , Dhibar Subhendu , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Bhattacharjee Subham , Saha Bidyut , Ray Soumya Jyoti 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA rapid and effective strategy has been devised for the swift development of a Zn(II)-ion-based supramolecular metallohydrogel, termed Zn@PEH, using pentaethylenehexamine as a low molecular weight gelator. This process occurs in an aqueous medium at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The mechanical strength of the synthesized Zn@PEH metallohydrogel has been assessed through rheological analysis, considering angular frequency and oscillator stress dependencies. Notably, the Zn@PEH metallohydrogel exhibits exceptional self-healing abilities and can bear substantial loads, which have been characterized through thixotropic analysis. Additionally, this metallohydrogel displays injectable properties. The structural arrangement resembling pebbles within the hierarchical network of the supramolecular Zn@PEH metallohydrogel has been explored using FESEM and TEM measurements. EDX elemental mapping has confirmed the primary chemical constituents of the metallohydrogel. The formation mechanism of the metallohydrogel has been analyzed via FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, zinc(II) metallohydrogel (Zn@PEH)-based Schottky diode structure has been fabricated in a lateral metal–semiconductor-metal configuration and it’s charge transport behavior has also been studied. Notably, the zinc(II) metallohydrogel-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) device (Zn@PEH) demonstrates bipolar resistive switching behavior at room temperature. This RRAM device showcases remarkable switching endurance over 1000 consecutive cycles and a high ON/OFF ratio of approximately 270. Further, 2 × 2 crossbar array of the RRAM devices were designed to demonstrate OR and NOT logic circuit operations, which can be extended for performing higher order computing operations. These structures hold promise for applications in non-volatile memory design, neuromorphic and in-memory computing, flexible electronics, and optoelectronic devices due to their straightforward fabrication process, robust resistive switching behavior, and overall system stability.
Improvisation and live accompaniment increase motor response and reward during a music playing task
Authors: Palumbo Anna , Groves Karleigh , Munoz-Vidal Eva Luna , Turry Alan , Codio Robert , Raghavan Preeti , Schambra Heidi , Voelbel Gerald T. , Ripollés Pablo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMusic provides a reward that can enhance learning and motivation in humans. While music is often combined with exercise to improve performance and upregulate mood, the relationship between music-induced reward and motor output is poorly understood. Here, we study music reward and motor output at the same time by capitalizing on music playing. Specifically, we investigate the effects of music improvisation and live accompaniment on motor, autonomic, and affective responses. Thirty adults performed a drumming task while (i) improvising or maintaining the beat and (ii) with live or recorded accompaniment. Motor response was characterized by acceleration of hand movements (accelerometry), wrist flexor and extensor muscle activation (electromyography), and the drum strike count (i.e., the number of drum strikes played). Autonomic arousal was measured by tonic response of electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate (HR). Affective responses were measured by a 12-item Likert scale. The combination of improvisation and live accompaniment, as compared to all other conditions, significantly increased acceleration of hand movements and muscle activation, as well as participant reports of reward during music playing. Improvisation, regardless of type of accompaniment, increased the drum strike count and autonomic arousal (including tonic EDA responses and several measures of HR), as well as participant reports of challenge. Importantly, increased motor response was associated with increased reward ratings during music improvisation, but not while participants were maintaining the beat. The increased motor responses achieved with improvisation and live accompaniment have important implications for enhancing dose of movement during exercise and physical rehabilitation.
Task-irrelevant semantic relationship between objects and scene influence attentional allocation
Authors: Nah Joseph C. , Malcolm George L. , Shomstein Sarah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent behavioral evidence suggests that the semantic relationships between isolated objects can influence attentional allocation, with highly semantically related objects showing an increase in processing efficiency. This semantic influence is present even when it is task-irrelevant (i.e., when semantic information is not central to the task). However, given that objects exist within larger contexts, i.e., scenes, it is critical to understand whether the semantic relationship between a scene and its objects continuously influence attention. Here, we investigated the influence of task-irrelevant scene semantic properties on attentional allocation and the degree to which semantic relationships between scenes and objects interact. Results suggest that task-irrelevant associations between scenes and objects continuously influence attention and that this influence is directly predicted by the perceived strength of semantic associations.
Software cost estimation predication using a convolutional neural network and particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Draz Moatasem. M. , Emam Osama , Azzam Safaa. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, the software industry has expanded to include all industries. Since stakeholders tend to use it to get their work done, software houses seek to estimate the cost of the software, which includes calculating the effort, time, and resources required. Although many researchers have worked to estimate it, the prediction accuracy results are still inaccurate and unstable. Estimating it requires a lot of effort. Therefore, there is an urgent need for modern techniques that contribute to cost estimation. This paper seeks to present a model based on deep learning and machine learning techniques by combining convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) in the context of time series forecasting, which enables feature extraction and automatic tuning of hyperparameters, which reduces the manual effort of selecting parameters and contributes to fine-tuning. The use of PSO also enhances the robustness and generalization ability of the CNN model and its iterative nature allows for efficient discovery of hyperparameter similarity. The model was trained and tested on 13 different benchmark datasets and evaluated through six metrics: mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), mean magnitude relative error (MMRE), root mean square error (RMSE), median magnitude relative error (MdMRE), and prediction accuracy (PRED). Comparative results reveal that the performance of the proposed model is better than other methods for all datasets and evaluation criteria. The results were very promising for predicting software cost estimation.