bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of neuromorphic processing accuracy against non‐ideal errors in synapse‐based neural network systems
Authors: Jo Hwi Jeong , Kang Minil , Um Minseong , Kim Juhee , Kwon Kon‐Woo , Kim Seyoung , Lee Hyung‐Min 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe synapse‐based neuromorphic systems for deep neural network (DNN) require neuron read/update circuit blocks which specifications depend on the synapse components. In this study, we implemented and verified the dedicated circuit system to operate the three‐terminal analog synaptic memory cells, electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM), for multi‐bit analog neuromorphic computing. In addition, we analyzed the impact of the noise/offset generated by the neuron circuit systems and synapse cell arrays, which can affect the neuromorphic processing accuracy, by using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database (MNIST) dataset. The experiments with MNIST datasets were conducted in two ways: by performing ideal inference simulations with MATLAB and experiments with the neuromorphic system board. The results of the ideal inference simulation and experiment were 97.4% and 96.92%, respectively. The accuracy of 97.31% was measured when the weight of the hidden layer was set with the fixed resistance values to confirm the effectiveness of the synapse cells. According to the results, the effects of synapse cells and neuron circuits to the processing accuracy were 0.09% and 0.39%, respectively. Also, this MNIST experiments verified that about 10% or smaller variations of weight values in the synapse cells lead to negligible effects on processing accuracy through the training and inference.
Phenomenological modeling of fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators at multiple lateral deformation levels
Authors: Montalto Eduardo J. , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Ankem Neerav M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnbonded fiber‐reinforced elastomeric isolators (FREIs) are a cost‐effective seismic isolation technology that uses lightweight fiber‐fabric reinforcement and forgoes the attachment plates connecting the isolators to the supports. These devices exhibit a complex nonlinear mechanical behavior under lateral deformation, which has typically been represented by uniaxial phenomenological models. In this paper, a new model, called Pivot Bouc–Wen model, is proposed to address the shortcomings of existing numerical models and obtain a better prediction of the response over the whole range of motion. The model has been formulated with the objective of providing (a) improved interpretability of the model parameters, (b) adequate energy dissipation prediction at multiple deformation levels, and (c) stable response at large deformations. The model combines a nonlinear elastic spring and a Bouc–Wen element with a modified pivot hysteresis rule to capture the lateral response of the isolators at different deformation amplitudes. Initial values for the model parameters are recommended based on existing analytical formulations of the quasi‐static lateral response of FREIs and data corresponding to 36 cyclic tests from 12 different experimental programs. The proposed and existing models are compared in their ability to predict the lateral cyclic test results from a previous experimental study. The models are further compared via response history analyses of idealized one, two, three and four‐story base‐isolated shear buildings subjected to 30 ground motions at different intensity levels. The results highlight the importance of capturing the hysteretic response of the isolators at multiple deformation levels and not only at the maximum expected displacement.
Bio‐inspired hierarchical bamboo‐based air filters for efficient removal of particulate matter and toxic gases
Authors: Gao Qi , Gan Jian , Wang Pixiang , Huang Yuxiang , Zhang Daihui , Yu Wenji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAir pollution is caused by the perilous accumulation of particulate matter (PM) and harmful gas molecules of different sizes. There is an urgent need to develop highly efficient air filtration systems capable of removing particles with a wide size distribution. However, the efficiency of current air filters is compromised by controlling their hierarchical pore size. Inspired by the graded filtration mechanisms in the human respiratory system, microporous ZIF‐67 is in situ synthesized on a 3D interconnected network of bamboo cellulose fibers (BCFs) to fabricate a multiscale porous filter with a comprehensive pore size distribution. The macropores between the BCFs, mesopores formed by the BCF microfibers, and micropores within the ZIF‐67 synergistically facilitate the removal of particulates of different sizes. The filtration capabilities of PM2.5 and PM0.3 could reach 99.3% and 98.6%, respectively, whereas the adsorption of formaldehyde is 88.7% within 30 min. In addition, the filter exhibits excellent antibacterial properties (99.9%), biodegradability (80.1% degradation after 14 days), thermal stability, and skin‐friendly properties (0 irritation). This study may inspire the research of using natural features of renewable resources to design high‐performance air‐filtration materials for various applications.
Improving data quality in online parenting research
Authors: Kaylor‐Tapscott Makena L. , Tolliver‐Lynn Maddison N. , Sullivan Maureen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOnline surveys provide many benefits for researchers but are vulnerable to fraudulent responders that threaten data quality. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of current detection strategies after noting patterns in our data. We systematically reviewed responses (N = 180) from parenting studies utilizing two online platforms. Respondents were categorized as accepted (n = 45) or fraudulent (n = 135), and responses on standardized measures were examined to determine if fraudulent scores differed. Accepted participants were predominately female (98.4%) and White (67.9%). Average caregiver age was 40.61 (SD = 7.37) on Qualtrics and 59.88 (SD = 6.01) on REDCap. The majority of fraudulent responders reported being female (62.1%) and White (80.6%), with average caregiver ages of 37.83 (SD = 7.35) for Qualtrics and 56.16 (SD = 8.86) for REDCap. Fraudulent responders had significantly higher median scores on measures of caregiver distress (rDASS = 0.21) and child behavioural problems (rCBCL = 0.33). Previously recommended strategies were insufficient at preventing and identifying fraudulent responders. Recommendations for improving these strategies are discussed.Highlights
The current paper includes experiences using multiple strategies to detect fraudulent responders in two online parenting studies.
Improvements to previously recommended strategies and an example review form are included to aid researchers in detecting fraudulent responders.
Moral foundations theory and consumer behavior
Authors: Goenka Shreyans , Thomas Manoj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRamos et al. (Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2024) explain the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) and discuss its applicability to explain marketing persuasion, consumer emotions, and prosocial behavior. We concur with Ramos et al. but suggest that the scope for MFT in consumer behavior is much broader – it can be used to investigate heterogeneity in consumers' moral utility. Specifically, we discuss how MFT can be used to investigate heterogeneity in product preferences, consumers' financial choices, consumer reactions to brand activism, and market regulation. We conclude by discussing three important challenges of using MFT in consumer research – causal identification, discriminant validity, and scientific objectivity.
An examination of the effect of exercise and creatine monohydrate on oral tissues
Authors: Dogan Mehmet Sinan , Celik Hakim , Türedi Sibel , Taskın Abdullah , Dogan Mehmet Emin , Yıldız Şemsettin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough physical exercise is extremely important for health and a good lifestyle, it can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle fatigue. The aim of this study was to determine changes in dental tissues and the mandible created by creatines monohydrate (CrM) supplementation together with low and high‐intensity exercise (HIE). The study material comprised Balb/c male mices, which were separated into two groups for the application of low and HIE on a running band. CrM supplement was administered together with the exercise. At the end of the experiment period, dental tissue samples were surgically removed and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically (TNF‐α and lL‐1β).As a result of the histopathological examinations, in the pulp, oedema, vascular congestion, and capillary dilatation were seen to be statistically significantly increased in the Group 3 mices that performed HIE compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant increase was observed in periodontal ligament (PDL) degeneration, and disruption of the continuity and separation of collagen fibers in Group 3 compared to the control group (p = 0.001). In the immunohistochemical examination, TNF‐α and IL‐1β positivity was observed in Group 3, and this was significantly increased compared to the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.000).Exposure of the mices to low and HIE caused histological and immunohistochemical changes in dental pulp and PDL, and it was determined that the use of CrM could have a protective effect against these changes.Research Highlights
The results of this study showed negative effects of HIE in the dental pulp and PDL, which play an important role in dental health.
CrM was seen to be effective in preventing these negative effects.
Variability of rainy season onsets over East Africa
Authors: Mwangi Emmah , MacLeod Dave , Kniveton Dominic , Todd Martin C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver the East Africa region forecasts of the onset of the rainy seasons have the potential to support decision‐making, especially in the largely rain‐fed agricultural sector. However, the understanding of key features of onset remains limited. Here, we analyse the variability of onset and associated drivers at interannual and subseasonal timescales, using several onset definitions. Results show that the onset date is especially variable from year to year in some of the high‐potential agricultural areas (standard deviation >20 days), which has implications for agricultural risk management. The choice of onset definition metric matters; agronomic definitions have limited applicability at the regional scale and are also highly sensitive to the spatial scale of analysis and to the choice of rainfall data. Onset information provided at coarse scales should be used with caution for decision‐making at the local scale; the “hit rate” of coarse‐scale tercile onset information at the local scale is less than 40% on average. To varying degrees, onset is related to total seasonal rainfall and thus to dominant interannual drivers of rainfall, including the Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO modes in October–December and the western Pacific “V‐gradient” pattern in March–May. However, by analysing the dominant proportion of onset variance unrelated to total rainfall during the climatological season we show a substantial influence of subseasonal drivers, notably the Madden–Julian Oscillation. As such, there is an opportunity for rainfall onset information to be provided across seasonal and subseasonal timescales. Our work reinforces the need for enhanced co‐production of such onset information with stakeholders, especially regarding the choice of metric, alignment of forecasts with livelihood calendars, interpretation of the credibility of information content for local‐level decision‐making, as well as appropriate strategies for staggered risk management interventions informed by forecasts over “seamless” lead times.
Diverse Functions of Parkin in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Song Pingping , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by preferential degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons that contributes to its typical clinical manifestation. Mutations in the parkin gene (PARK2) represent a relatively common genetic cause of early onset PD. Parkin has been implicated in PINK1‐dependent mitochondrial quantity control by targeting dysfunctional mitochondria to lysosomes via mitophagy. Recent evidence suggests that parkin can be activated in PINK1‐independent manner to regulate synaptic function in human dopaminergic neurons. Neuronal activity triggers CaMKII‐mediated activation of parkin and its recruitment to synaptic vesicles where parkin promotes binding of synaptojanin‐1 to endophilin A1 and facilitates vesicle endocytosis. In PD patient neurons, disruption of this pathway on loss of parkin leads to defective recycling of synaptic vesicles and accumulation of toxic oxidized dopamine that at least in part explains preferential vulnerability of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. These findings suggest a convergent mechanism for PD‐linked mutations in parkin, synaptojanin‐1, and endophilin A1 and highlight synaptic dysfunction as an early pathogenic event in PD. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Data‐informed uncertainty quantification for laser‐based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Chiappetta Mihaela , Piazzola Chiara , Tamellini Lorenzo , Reali Alessandro , Auricchio Ferdinando , Carraturo Massimo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present an efficient approach to quantify the uncertainties associated with the numerical simulations of the laser‐based powder bed fusion of metals processes. Our study focuses on a thermomechanical model of an Inconel 625 cantilever beam, based on the AMBench2018‐01 benchmark proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The proposed approach consists of a forward uncertainty quantification analysis of the residual strains of the cantilever beam given the uncertainty in some of the parameters of the numerical simulation, namely the powder convection coefficient and the activation temperature. The uncertainty on such parameters is modelled by a data‐informed probability density function obtained by a Bayesian inversion procedure, based on the displacement experimental data provided by NIST. To overcome the computational challenges of both the Bayesian inversion and the forward uncertainty quantification analysis we employ a multi‐fidelity surrogate modelling technique, specifically the multi‐index stochastic collocation method. The proposed approach allows us to achieve a 33% reduction in the uncertainties on the prediction of residual strains compared with what we would get basing the forward UQ analysis on a‐priori ranges for the uncertain parameters, and in particular the mode of the probability density function of such quantities (i.e., its “most likely value”, roughly speaking) results to be in good agreement with the experimental data provided by NIST, even though only displacement data were used for the Bayesian inversion procedure.
Associations Between Race and Survival Outcomes Among Veterans With Head and Neck Cancer in a Racially Diverse Setting
Authors: Walsh Amanda R. , Giurintano Jonathan P. , Maxwell Jessica H. , Shah Anuja H. , Haupt Thomas L. , Wadley Andrew E. , Kowkuntla Sandeep R. , Habib Andy M. , Shah Veranca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited data on the impact of clinical‐demographic factors on survival outcomes among veterans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of race and other factors on overall survival (OS) in a population of veterans with HNSCC treated with curative intent.MethodsDemographic and clinical data were collected on veterans with HNSCC treated with curative intent at our institution between 1999 and 2021. The primary outcome was 3‐year OS. Secondary outcomes included treatment delay intervals, including time to treatment initiation (TTI), total package time, and duration of chemoradiation (DCRT).ResultsOf 260 veterans with HNSCC, black veterans had significantly lower 3‐year OS (49.4%) compared to white veterans (65%, P = .019). Black veterans were also more likely to experience delays in treatment initiation (median TTI 46 vs 41 days; P = .047). Black patients were more likely to receive radiation alone (25.8% [black] vs 8.4% [white]; P < .001) and less likely to receive adjuvant therapy if treated surgically (11.1% [black] vs 22.4% [white]; P = .004), despite any statistically significant difference in stage of their tumor at presentation (Stage I: 21.2% [black] vs 19.6% [white]; P = .372); (Stage IV: 44.4% [black] vs 48.6% [white]; P = .487). Other factors associated with worse 3‐year OS included older age (P = .023), lower body mass index (P = .026), neurocognitive disorder/dementia (P = .037), mental health disorders (P = .020), hypopharyngeal primary (P = .001), higher stage disease (P = .002), treatment type (P = .001), need for prophylactic gastrostomy tube (P = .048) or tracheotomy (P = .005), recurrent disease (P = .036), persistent disease (P < .001), distant metastases (P = .002), longer TTI (P = .0362), and longer DCRT (P = .004).DiscussionBlack race appears to be an independent predictor of 3‐year OS in veterans with HNSCC. Further studies are warranted to determine the factors responsible for disparities in survival.Implications for PracticeThis study evaluated the ways in which race affects survival for US veterans with head and neck cancer. The authors found that black veterans had an increased risk of death compared to white patients, and also experienced delays when receiving treatment.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
The Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxyapatite Repair of Cholesteatoma Skull Base Defects
Authors: Shah Rema , Reeder Allison , Wilkins Sarah G. , Kveton John , Schwartz Nofrat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the possibility of hydroxyapatite as a safe and effective alternative to currently used bioavailable materials for repair of tegmen defects and labyrinthine fistulas in the setting of cholesteatoma.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingTertiary‐level‐care hospital.MethodsElectronic medical records of patients 18+ years undergoing cholesteatoma‐removal surgery between 2013 and 2022 were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐two patients diagnosed with cholesteatoma who underwent repair of either a tegmen defect or labyrinthine fistula using hydroxyapatite were evaluated. There were 17 canal wall up (CWU) and 5 canal wall down (CWD) surgeries. The cholesteatoma recidivism rate was 18.2% (n = 4) and the recurrence rate was 4.5% (n = 1). To ensure that these rates were similar to cholesteatoma‐removal surgeries in which hydroxyapatite was not used, a 22 age, gender, and operative technique‐matched cohort was evaluated. For patients with CWU surgeries, the rate of recurrence and recidivism were identical between both cohorts (0% and 23.5%, respectively; P = 1 for both). While in CWD surgeries, there was a nonstatistically significant difference in the recurrence as there was only 1 patient with recurrence in the hydroxyapatite group (P = 1). Three (13.5%) patients in the hydroxyapatite group had a local infection and 1 (4.5%) had a subacute mastoid infection. All patients with semicircular canal fistulas had consistent bone lines on postoperative audiograms, with no worsening sensorineural hearing loss.ConclusionIn our cohort, hydroxyapatite was safe and successful in repairing skull base defects and inner‐ear fistulas in the setting of cholesteatoma with a low rate of postoperative infection and no evidence of a higher rate of cholesteatoma recurrence. Further studies are needed to assess population generalizability.
Use of expanded perlite as green filler for the preparation of EPDM‐perlite rubber composites with improved thermal stability and insulation properties
Authors: Çavdaroğlu Cennet , Olgun Uğursoy , Altuncu Ekrem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the use of expanded perlite (e‐perlite) as a sustainable and cost‐effective filler for EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber composites. Various amounts of e‐perlite were incorporated into EPDM to assess its impact on the composite properties, such as curing characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, crosslink density, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, surface roughness, and contact angle. The composite with 15 phr of e‐perlite exhibited approximately 20% higher crosslink density and a 12% increase in hardness, while slight decreases were observed in elongation at break and tensile strength. The FE‐SEM (field emission‐scanning electron microscopy), atomic force microscopy, and contact angle analysis have been performed to investigate the surface morphology and the hydrophobicity. The thermal properties of the composites were assessed through thermogravimetric analysis, thermal aging tests, and thermal conductivity measurements. The results showed that e‐perlite significantly improved the aging resistance and the thermal stability. The composites with 15 phr e‐perlite exhibited a 21% reduction in thermal conductivity and enhanced thermal isolation properties compared to the EPDM composite without e‐perlite. This work demonstrated the potential utilization of e‐perlite in EPDM as a green sustainable filler to enhance the thermal insulation and the stability properties of the composites, which may have practical applications in automotive, aerospace, construction, and electronic industries.Highlights
E‐perlite enhances the thermal insulation property of EPDM rubber composites.
Higher e‐perlite content increases composite hardness and crosslink density.
The thermal conductivity of EPDM is reduced by increasing e‐perlite content.
EPDM/e‐perlite exhibits improved thermal stability and aging resistance.
Potential uses in automotive, aerospace, construction, and defense industries.
Study of thermally conductive polyurethane/boron nitride composite fibers: Fabrication, characterization, properties and textile applications
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Zhang Jiajing , Xia Liangjun , Hu Xiaoqing , Zhang Chunhua , Liu Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyurethane resin (PU) and boron nitride (BN) are used to develop a series of boron nitride/polyurethane (BN/PU) composite fibers by a wet‐spinning method. The thermal conductivity of the composite fibers was improved by blending modified thermally conductive particles with polymer. The improvement of thermal conductivity depends largely on the interfacial effect between them. The results show that PU composite fabric filled with BN functionalized with polyethylenimine and glutaraldehyde (GPBN/PUF) has a high thermal conductivity, revealing an increase of 226% compared to the PU fabric. The GPBN/PUF fabric can reduce the simulated skin temperature by 2.3°C compared with conventional cotton fabric. Additionally, the as‐prepared GPBN/PUF fabric possesses good mechanical stability and washability. This work provides a strategy for developing flexible heat‐conducting fabric.Highlights
The stability of the PEI coating formed on the BN surface was significantly improved by GA cross‐linking.
The composite fiber fabric has improved thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties.
The composite fiber fabric can dissipate heat quickly in practical applications.