bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authority and Coercion Beyond the State? The Limited Applicability of Legitimacy Standards for Extraterritorial Border Controls
Authors: Beckman Ludvig 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtraterritorial border controls prevent migrants from arriving at the territory of the state and effectively undermine rights to apply for asylum and protections against non-refoulement. As a result, a wealth of scholarship argues that external border controls are illegitimate exercises of state power. This paper challenges two versions of this argument, first, the claim that carrier-sanctions are illegitimate because they subject migrants to morally impermissible forms of coercion and, second, the claim that carrier-sanctions are illegitimate because they subject migrants to illegitimate claims to authority.Against coercion-based accounts of legitimacy, this paper defends the view that while carrier-sanctions are coercive, the coerciveness of a policy is not relevant to its legitimacy. What is relevant is instead whether the authority claimed by the state is legitimate. Against authority-based accounts, this paper argues that states are unable to claim authority in the relevant sense over migrants that are present in the territories of other states.The paper concludes by suggesting that the charge that carrier-sanctions are illegitimate should shift towards the state that allows carriers to enforce these policies on their territories. No state has the legitimate authority to permit other states to pressure carriers to prevent migrants in need of protection from travelling. The state that introduces carrier-sanction legislation, on the other hand, is not exercising illegitimate authority though they may act contrary to demands of justice.
SDG 6 progress analyses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2015–2020: the need for urgent action
Authors: Dinka Megersa Olumana , Nyika Joan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study used data from various international databases to track the progress of SDG 6 target indicators in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region between 2015 and 2020. Findings showed that although minimal positive progress was realized in the evaluation period, more than half of SSA residents had no access to safe drinking water services, improved sanitation facilities, hygiene services and safe wastewater treatment. The computed SDG 6 profile index conformed with the trend of indicators as progress of the region to the goal’s realization was rated as medium–low. The trend was further compounded by limited data, preferential access to water and sanitation services to the urban rich and poor monitoring of progress. The analysis also noted that despite these challenges the region was putting concerted efforts to promote transboundary cooperation in water management and had 6% of water stressed resources. The study recommended on the need to revamp water data collection and monitoring efforts to enable decision-making and planning on management actions, use of technology to treat and reuse wastewater as well as device new sources of water, enhanced participation of communities in water projects and improved water use efficiency to steer progress towards SDG 6 realization in SSA region.
Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profiles in heat-processed meat and fish: a study on health risk evaluation
Authors: Iwu Gina Ifeyinwa , Lajide Labunmi , Madu Paschal Chima , Isah Ibrahim Attai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in selected heat-processed meat and fish were evaluated to determine the potential health risk associated with consumption. The samples were analysed using a gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer. Different concentrations of individual PAHs were detected in the samples, with the smoked samples having the highest concentrations. The total PAHs (mg/kg) in smoked samples were 2.763 ± 0.185 (game meat), 1.618 ± 0.102 (mackerel fish), and 1.718 ± 0.129 (catfish), whereas levels (mg/kg) in grilled samples were 0.771 ± 0.049 (chicken) and 0.911 ± 0.053 (fish). The total carcinogenic PAH (PAH7) concentrations (mg/kg) in grilled chicken and fish and smoked (game meat, mackerel fish, and catfish) samples were 0.231, 0.294, 0.440, 0.309, and 0.332, while their total PAH8 concentrations were 0.356, 0.371, 0.537, 0.465, and 0.476 respectively. The non-carcinogenic PAH risk estimations, both individually (hazard quotient) and cumulatively (hazard index), were below 1 in all the samples. The mean concentrations of PAH markers B[a]P and the PAH4 were above the EU limits in both the smoked and the grilled samples tested. This implies that exposure to high levels of these PAHs through regular consumption of these products may increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer and other health issues. The smoked fishes has the lowest MOE values for the PAH8 compared to the other samples. The margin of exposures (MOEs), carcinogenic toxic equivalent (TEQ), and excess cancer risk (ECR) also indicated that frequent consumption of smoked fish (mackerel or catfish) by an adult of 70 kg body weight above the reported intake rate of 0.0019 kg/AME/day for a prolonged period may have higher cancer risks than in other samples. Smoked game meat had the highest PAH16 level, but indicated a relatively lower risk level, possibly because of its relatively low intake rate (0.0004 kg/AME/day).
Predicting life engagement and happiness from gaming motives and primary emotional traits before and during the COVID pandemic: a machine learning approach
Authors: Dagum Nolan , Pontes Halley M. , Montag Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated whether life engagement and happiness can be predicted from gaming motives and primary emotional traits. Two machine learning algorithms (random forest model and one-dimensional convolutional neural network) were applied using a dataset from before the COVID-19 pandemic as the training dataset. The algorithms derived were then applied to test if they would be useful in predicting life engagement and happiness from gaming motives and primary emotional systems on a dataset collected during the pandemic. The best prediction values were observed for happiness with ρ = 0.758 with explained variance of R2 = 0.575 when applying the best performing algorithm derived from the pre-COVID dataset to the COVID dataset. Hence, this shows that the derived algorithm based on the pre-pandemic data set, successfully predicted happiness (and life engagement) from the same set of variables during the pandemic. Overall, this study shows the feasibility of applying machine learning algorithms to predict life engagement and happiness from gaming motives and primary emotional systems.
Subsurface flow pathway and hydrochemistry of a geographically isolated depression wetland in the Serra Geral Diabase Formation, São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Franco Isabella , de Souza Sardinha Diego , Moreira Furlan Lucas , Casagrande Matheus Felipe Stanfoca , Moreira César Augusto , Rosolen Vania 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConnectivity among water bodies is crucial for hydrological and ecological processes and fundamental for water management. Hydrochemistry and potentiometric studies on an isolated wetland allow to assess landscape influence, flow pathways, and subsurface connection. This study focuses on an isolated wetland over diabase on a topographic depression, with no visible river connection, and aims to determine the influence of rainfall and landscape on water composition and investigate subsurface flow toward the Santa Gertrudes stream. Water levels were monitored, and samples were collected from four wells during wet and dry seasons. Physical and chemical water parameters were measured, and ion concentrations determined. Pearson’s correlations highlighted codependence between physical and chemical parameters and ions and Piper’s diagram classified water composition. Six potentiometric maps were generated using interpolated hydraulic loads from monitoring campaigns. The findings show fluctuations in water level (0.11 to 0.93 m during wet periods and 1.25 to 1.79 m during dry periods), indicating rainwater directly affects water availability. Water composition was categorized as Sodium Bicarbonate and electrical conductivity values (greater than 100 µS/cm) may indicate that upstream wells are retaining salts from the surrounding crops. Strong positive correlation between sodium, bicarbonate and carbonate, and sulfate with electrical conductivity suggests simultaneous release of ions due to rock and soil mineral alteration. Potentiometric data reinforce the hypothesis of a subsurface connection between the studied area and the Santa Gertrudes stream. Future studies could benefit from expanding the monitoring network to include more GIWs and applying additional methods, such as isotope tracers.
Design and development of new charge controller for GPS tracker for electric vehicles
Authors: Mariprasath T. , Venkatanaraya M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis investigation introduces a new charge controller for GPS trackers, with the objective of offering long-lasting and efficient tracking solutions. The article emphasizes the widespread use of GPS trackers in various sectors, as well as the critical need for sustainable power sources to maintain their effectiveness. The charge controller ensures optimal performance and durability by meticulously choosing components. Experimental investigations confirm the efficacy of the charge controller to deliver a steady power supply to the GPS tracker. The integration of GPS technology with solar PV charging allows for continuous monitoring. The results show that the solar photovoltaic (PV) system reached a peak output voltage of 10 V, ensuring that the battery remained at a stable level of 12.4 V and continually providing the GPS tracker with a steady 5 V. These findings validate the system's capacity to deliver dependable and enduring electricity, signifying notable progress in remote monitoring, asset tracking, and fleet management.
WTCRNet: a wavelet transform and contrastive regularization network for sonar denoising by self-supervision
Authors: Si Chengling , Zhang Shu , Cai Qing , Zhang Tiange , Zhang Mengfan , Han Xu , Dong Junyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the field of underwater acoustics, forward-looking sonar represents a pivotal tool for acquiring subaqueous imagery. However, this technique is susceptible to the inherent ambient noise prevalent in underwater environments, resulting in degraded image quality. A notable challenge in this domain is the scarcity of pristine image exemplars, making it difficult to apply many advanced deep denoising networks for the purification of sonar images. To address this issue, the study introduces a novel self-supervised methodology specifically designed for denoising forward-looking sonar images. The proposed model employs a blind-spot network architecture to reconstruct unblemished images. Additionally, it integrates wavelet transform technology within a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, combining frequency and structural information. Furthermore, the model incorporates contrastive regularization to augment denoising efficiency. This innovative denoising network, which leverages wavelet transform and contrastive regularization (CR), is henceforth referred to as WTCRNet. To evaluate the performance of WTCRNet, this study constructs a dual dataset comprising both simulated and authentic forward-looking sonar images, thereby furnishing a comprehensive dataset for network training and evaluation. Empirical assessments conducted on these datasets demonstrate that WTCRNet substantially outperforms existing denoising methodologies by effectively mitigating noise. The code is available at https://gitee.com/sichengling/wtcrnet.git.
Beyond texture: unveiling spiny crown-of-thorns starfish with multiresolution analysis
Authors: Dubey Satyam , Nirmal Jagannath 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoral reefs are essential ecosystems in the vast expanses of oceans, nurturing various forms of marine life within their vibrant and expansive structures. However, these underwater paradises suffer considerable threat from the population explosions of crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS), which detrimentally affect scleractinian corals across the Indo-Pacific region. This study addresses the early drawback of solely relying on texture analysis for COTS detection, recognizing the associated insufficiency due to variability in reef substrates. By integrating multiresolution analysis employing wavelet transform, edge information, and texture analysis using gray-level co-occurrence probability, this approach employs crucial Haralick features refined for pattern recognition. This enables a more detailed understanding of COTS traits, including the detection of the numerous sharp spines that cover their upper bodies. This approach considerably enhances classification reliability, making notable progress with an impressive accuracy of 95.00% using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) Classifier. Moreover, this model streamlines processing requirements by increasing computational and memory efficiencies, making it more resource-efficient than the current models. This advancement enhances detection and opens avenues for early intervention and future research. Furthermore, integrating the model with underwater imagery could enable citizen science initiatives and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) surveys. Empowering trained volunteers and equipping AUVs with this technology could considerably expand coral reef monitoring efforts. Early COTS outbreak detection allows for shorter response times, potentially mitigating the damage and facilitating targeted conservation strategies.
Carbon Outwelling and Uptake Along a Tidal Glacier‐Lagoon‐Ocean Continuum
Authors: Ljungberg Wilma , Yau Yvonne Y. Y. , Cabral Alex , Majtényi‐Hill Claudia , Henriksson Linnea , McKenzie Tristan , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel , Szymczycha Beata , Dittmar Thorsten , Ulber Ina , Santos Isaac R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTidewater glaciers are highly vulnerable to climate change due to warming from both atmospheric and seawater sources. Most tidewater glaciers are rapidly retreating, but little is known about how glacial melting modifies coastal biogeochemical cycles. Here, we investigate carbonate and nutrient dynamics and fluxes in an expanding proglacial tidal lagoon connected to Europe's largest glacier in Iceland (Vatnajökull). The lagoon N:P:Si ratios (2:1:30) imply a system deficient in nitrogen. The large variations in the freshwater endmembers highlighted the complexity of resolving sources and transformations. The lagoon acted as a sink of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Floating chamber incubations revealed a CO2 uptake of 26 ± 15 mmol m−2 d−1. Lagoon waters near the glacier had a 170% higher CO2 uptake than near the lagoon mouth, likely driven by primary production stimulated by nitrogen‐rich bottom water upwelling. The lateral DIC and total alkalinity (TA) flux rates (outwelling) from the lagoon to the ocean were −1.5 ± 0.1 (export to ocean) and 23 ± 5 mmol m−2 d−1 (import into the lagoon) respectively. All samples were undersaturated with respect to aragonite due to glacial meltwater dilution of TA and CO2 uptake. This implies dilution of oceanic alkalinity, lowering the nearshore buffering capacity against ocean acidification.
Emerging roles of ferroptosis in pulmonary fibrosis: current perspectives, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hu Yixiang , Huang Ying , Zong Lijuan , Lin Jiaxin , Liu Xiang , Ning Shipeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic interstitial lung disorder characterized by abnormal myofibroblast activation, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and thickening of fibrotic alveolar walls, resulting in deteriorated lung function. PF is initiated by dysregulated wound healing processes triggered by factors such as excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Despite advancements in understanding the disease’s pathogenesis, effective preventive and therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death (RCD) mechanism involving lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, exhibits unique features distinct from other RCD forms (e.g., apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis). Imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification leads to ferroptosis, causing cellular dysfunction through lipid peroxidation, protein modifications, and DNA damage. Emerging evidence points to the crucial role of ferroptosis in PF progression, driving macrophage polarization, fibroblast proliferation, and ECM deposition, ultimately contributing to alveolar cell death and lung tissue scarring. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest findings on the involvement and signaling mechanisms of ferroptosis in PF pathogenesis, emphasizing potential novel anti-fibrotic therapeutic approaches targeting ferroptosis for PF management.
Hidden transport phenomena in an ultraclean correlated metal
Authors: Brahlek Matthew , Roth Joseph D. , Zhang Lei , Briggeman Megan , Irvin Patrick , Lapano Jason , Levy Jeremy , Birol Turan , Engel-Herbert Roman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdvancements in materials synthesis have been key to unveil the quantum nature of electronic properties in solids by providing experimental reference points for a correct theoretical description. Here, we report hidden transport phenomena emerging in the ultraclean limit of the archetypical correlated electron system SrVO3. The low temperature, low magnetic field transport was found to be dominated by anisotropic scattering, whereas, at high temperature, we find a yet undiscovered phase that exhibits clear deviations from the expected Landau Fermi liquid, which is reminiscent of strange-metal physics in materials on the verge of a Mott transition. Further, the high sample purity enabled accessing the high magnetic field transport regime at low temperature, which revealed an anomalously high Hall coefficient. Taken with the strong anisotropic scattering, this presents a more complex picture of SrVO3 that deviates from a simple Landau Fermi liquid. These hidden transport anomalies observed in the ultraclean limit prompt a theoretical reexamination of this canonical correlated electron system beyond the Landau Fermi liquid paradigm, and more generally serves as an experimental basis to refine theoretical methods to capture such nontrivial experimental consequences emerging in correlated electron systems.
Evolutionary dynamics of any multiplayer game on regular graphs
Authors: Wang Chaoqian , Perc Matjaž , Szolnoki Attila 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiplayer games on graphs are at the heart of theoretical descriptions of key evolutionary processes that govern vital social and natural systems. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework for solving multiplayer games with an arbitrary number of strategies on graphs is still missing. Here, we solve this by drawing an analogy with the Balls-and-Boxes problem, based on which we show that the local configuration of multiplayer games on graphs is equivalent to distributing k identical co-players among n distinct strategies. We use this to derive the replicator equation for any n-strategy multiplayer game under weak selection, which can be solved in polynomial time. As an example, we revisit the second-order free-riding problem, where costly punishment cannot truly resolve social dilemmas in a well-mixed population. Yet, in structured populations, we derive an accurate threshold for the punishment strength, beyond which punishment can either lead to the extinction of defection or transform the system into a rock-paper-scissors-like cycle. The analytical solution also qualitatively agrees with the phase diagrams that were previously obtained for non-marginal selection strengths. Our framework thus allows an exploration of any multi-strategy multiplayer game on regular graphs.
Magnon interactions in a moderately correlated Mott insulator
Authors: Wang Qisi , Mustafi S. , Fogh E. , Astrakhantsev N. , He Z. , Biało I. , Chan Ying , Martinelli L. , Horio M. , Ivashko O. , Shaik N. E. , Arx K. von , Sassa Y. , Paris E. , Fischer M. H. , Tseng Y. , Christensen N. B. , Galdi A. , Schlom D. G. , Shen K. M. , Schmitt T. , Rønnow H. M. , Chang J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantum fluctuations in low-dimensional systems and near quantum phase transitions have significant influences on material properties. Yet, it is difficult to experimentally gauge the strength and importance of quantum fluctuations. Here we provide a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of magnon excitations in Mott insulating cuprates. From the thin film of SrCuO2, single- and bi-magnon dispersions are derived. Using an effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian generated from the Hubbard model, we show that the single-magnon dispersion is only described satisfactorily when including significant quantum corrections stemming from magnon-magnon interactions. Comparative results on La2CuO4 indicate that quantum fluctuations are much stronger in SrCuO2 suggesting closer proximity to a magnetic quantum critical point. Monte Carlo calculations reveal that other magnetic orders may compete with the antiferromagnetic Néel order as the ground state. Our results indicate that SrCuO2—due to strong quantum fluctuations—is a unique starting point for the exploration of novel magnetic ground states.
Molecular insight into interactions between the Taf14, Yng1 and Sas3 subunits of the NuA3 complex
Authors: Nguyen Minh Chau , Rostamian Hosein , Raman Ana , Wei Pengcheng , Becht Dustin C. , Erbse Annette H. , Klein Brianna J. , Gilbert Tonya M. , Zhang Gongyi , Blanco M. Andres , Strahl Brian D. , Taverna Sean D. , Kutateladze Tatiana G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe NuA3 complex is a major regulator of gene transcription and the cell cycle in yeast. Five core subunits are required for complex assembly and function, but it remains unclear how these subunits interact to form the complex. Here, we report that the Taf14 subunit of the NuA3 complex binds to two other subunits of the complex, Yng1 and Sas3, and describe the molecular mechanism by which the extra-terminal domain of Taf14 recognizes the conserved motif present in Yng1 and Sas3. Structural, biochemical, and mutational analyses show that two motifs are sandwiched between the two extra-terminal domains of Taf14. The head-to-toe dimeric complex enhances the DNA binding activity of Taf14, and the formation of the hetero-dimer involving the motifs of Yng1 and Sas3 is driven by sequence complementarity. In vivo assays in yeast demonstrate that the interactions of Taf14 with both Sas3 and Yng1 are required for proper function of the NuA3 complex in gene transcription and DNA repair. Our findings suggest a potential basis for the assembly of three core subunits of the NuA3 complex, Taf14, Yng1 and Sas3.