bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci in Chinese Women
Authors: Long Jirong , Shu Xiao-Ou , Cai Qiuyin , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Ying , Li Guoliang , Li Chun , Gu Kai , Wen Wanqing , Xiang Yong-Bing , Lu Wei , Zheng Wei 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), mostly conducted among women of European ancestry, have identified 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with breast cancer.
Methods: We evaluated these SNPs with the risk of breast cancer and further by estrogen receptor status in a population-based study of 6,498 cases and 3,999 controls in Chinese women. We also searched for novel genetic risk variants in four loci, 2q35, 5p12/MRPS30, 8q24.21, and 17q23.2/COX11, in a two-stage study. In stage I, 868 SNPs were analyzed in 2,073 cases and 2,084 controls. In stage II, 58 SNPs selected from stage I were evaluated, including 4,425 cases and 1,915 controls.
Results: Statistically significant associations (P &lt; 0.05) were observed for eight GWAS-identified SNPs, including rs4973768 (3p24/SLC4A7), rs889312 (5q11.2MAP3K1), rs2046210 (6q25.1), rs1219648 (10q26.13/FGFR2), rs2981582 (10q26.13/FGFR2), rs3817198 (11p15.5/LSP1), rs8051542 (16q12.1/TOX3), and rs3803662 (16q12.1/TOX3). Two additional SNPs, rs10941679 (5p12/MRPS30) and rs13281615 (8q24.21), showed a marginally significant association. Some of these associations varied by estrogen receptor status. In the fine-mapping analysis, five SNPs showed a consistent association with breast cancer risk in both stages: rs10169372 (2q35), rs283720 (8q24.21), rs10515083 (17q23.2/COX11), rs16955329 (17q23.2/COX11), and rs2787487 (17q23.2/COX11).
Conclusions: This study shows that approximately half of the SNPs initially reported from GWAS of breast cancer in European descendants can be directly replicated in Chinese. Our fine-mapping analyses revealed several candidates of risk variants that can be further evaluated in studies with a larger sample size.
Impact: Findings from this study may help guide future fine-mapping studies to identify causal variants for breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2357–65. ©2010 AACR.
Knowledge and Use of Finasteride for the Prevention of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hamilton Robert J. , Kahwati Leila C. , Kinsinger Linda S. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: The knowledge about and use of chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer by physicians has not been described. The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that finasteride was effective in reducing the incidence of prostate cancer. We examined the influence of the PCPT on finasteride prescribing within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
Methods: We assessed trends on monthly new and total prescriptions for finasteride filled within the VHA from January 2000 to December 2005. Additionally, all VHA urologists and a random sample of VHA primary care physicians (PCP) were surveyed about their use of finasteride.
Results: The number of men starting finasteride grew over the study period. Publication of the PCPT was not significantly associated with any change in this pattern (P = 0.45). Fifty-seven percent of urologists and 40% of PCPs endorsed prescribing finasteride more frequently in 2006 than 5 years prior. However, among those who reported changing prescribing patterns, fewer than 2% reported being influenced by the PCPT. Sixty-four percent of urologists and 80% of PCPs never prescribe finasteride for prostate cancer chemoprevention; 55% of urologists cited concerns of inducing high-grade tumors, whereas 52% of PCPs did not know it could be used for chemoprevention.
Conclusions: The number of men starting finasteride in the VHA increased over time, but the change did not seem to be due to increased use of finasteride for chemoprevention. Publication of the PCPT seemed to have little influence over the study period.
Impact: Physicians may not readily accept the use of chemopreventive agents for prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2164–71. ©2010 AACR.
Context-Dependent Effects of Genome-Wide Association Study Genotypes and Macroenvironment on Time to Biochemical (Prostate Specific Antigen) Failure after Prostatectomy
Authors: Rebbeck Timothy R. , Weber Anita L. , Walker Amy H. , Stefflova Klara , Tran Teo V. , Spangler Elaine , Chang Bao-Li , Zeigler-Johnson Charnita M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground: Disparities in cancer defined by race, age, or gender are well established. However, demographic metrics are surrogates for the complex contributions of genotypes, exposures, health care, socioeconomic and sociocultural environment, and many other factors. Macroenvironmental factors represent novel surrogates for exposures, lifestyle, and other factors that are difficult to measure but might influence cancer outcomes.Methods: We applied a “multilevel molecular epidemiology” approach using a prospective cohort of 444 White prostate cancer cases who underwent prostatectomy and were followed until biochemical failure (BF) or censoring without BF. We applied Cox regression models to test for joint effects of 86 genome-wide association study–identified genotypes and macroenvironment contextual effects after geocoding all cases to their residential census tracts. All analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis and tumor aggressiveness.Results: Residents living in census tracts with a high proportion of older single heads of household, high rates of vacant housing, or high unemployment had shorter time until BF postsurgery after adjustment for patient age and tumor aggressiveness. After correction for multiple testing, genotypes alone did not predict time to BF, but interactions predicting time to BF were observed for MSMB (rs10993994) and percentage of older single heads of households (P = 0.0004), and for HNF1B/TCF2 (rs4430796) and census tract per capita income (P = 0.0002).Conclusions: The context-specific macroenvironmental effects of genotype might improve the ability to identify groups that might experience poor prostate cancer outcomes.Impact: Risk estimation and clinical translation of genotype information might require an understanding of both individual- and macroenvironment-level context. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2115–23. ©2010 AACR.
Parental Decision Making about the HPV Vaccine
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Othus Megan K.D. , Shelton Rachel C. , Li Yi , Norman Nancy , Tom Laura , del Carmen Marcela G. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are available, but uptake is suboptimal. Information on factors influencing parental decisions regarding vaccination will facilitate the development of successful interventions.
Methods: Parents of girls ages 9 to 17 years (n = 476; cooperation rate = 67%) from a panel of U.S. households completed online surveys between September 2007 and January 2008, documenting vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and intentions.
Results: Among those aware of the vaccine, 19% had already vaccinated their daughter(s), 34% intended to, 24% were undecided, and 24% had decided against vaccination. Awareness of HPV was high but knowledge levels were suboptimal (mean 72%, SEM 0.8%). Black and Hispanic parents were significantly less likely to be aware of the vaccine compared with White parents. In multivariate analyses, compared with parents who opposed vaccination, those who had already vaccinated their daughter(s) or who intended to do so had more positive attitudes, reported fewer barriers, and were more likely to perceive that family and friends would endorse vaccination. They also reported higher levels of trust in pharmaceutical companies that produce the vaccine.
Conclusions: Despite limited knowledge, most parents had decided to vaccinate their daughter(s). Given evidence of diminished access to information among Black and Hispanic parents, programs should focus on reaching these groups. Interventions should address parental concerns about behavioral consequences, reduce structural barriers, and promote the perception that vaccination is endorsed by significant others. Moreover, interventions may need to address mistrust of pharmaceutical companies.
Impact Statement: This study documents factors associated with parental decisions about HPV vaccination for their daughter(s) and provides direction for intervention development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2187–98. ©2010 AACR.
Patient Delay in Presentation of Possible Cancer Symptoms: The Contribution of Knowledge and Attitudes in a Population Sample from the United Kingdom
Authors: Simon Alice E. , Waller Jo , Robb Kathryn , Wardle Jane 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Qualitative studies implicate knowledge of cancer symptoms and attitudes towards help-seeking as important factors in patient delay. The present study uses quantitative data from a population-based survey to test the hypotheses that (a) a greater knowledge of early cancer symptoms is associated with a higher likelihood of having appraised a symptom as possibly due to cancer, and (b) more negative attitudes towards help-seeking are associated with a lower likelihood of having sought medical advice for that symptom.
Methods: Two thousand and seventy-one adults were asked whether they had experienced a symptom that they worried might be cancer in the past 3 months, and if so, whether they had seen a doctor. Respondents also completed the Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) assessing symptom knowledge and barriers to help-seeking.
Results: Two hundred and thirty-six (11.4%) respondents reported having experienced a possible cancer symptom. In logistic regression analyses controlling for age, sex, and self-rated health, higher CAM symptom knowledge scores were associated with a greater likelihood of having experienced a possible cancer symptom (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.17). Of those who had experienced a symptom, 75% (177/236) had seen a doctor. Higher scores on the CAM barriers scale were associated with being less likely to have seen a doctor (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.87).
Conclusions: Better knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer might help people recognize possible cancer symptoms and therefore reduce appraisal delay, whereas more positive attitudes towards help-seeking might reduce behavioral delay.
Impact: Campaigns to educate the public about cancer symptoms and reduce help-seeking barriers could play a role in promoting early diagnosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2272–7. ©2010 AACR.
The Screening of Volatile Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qin Tao , Liu Hu , Song Qi , Song Geng , Wang Hong-zhi , Pan Yue-yin , Xiong Fu-xing , Gu Kang-sheng , Sun Guo-ping , Chen Zhen-dong 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Breath analysis became promising for noninvasive diagnoses of cancer with sophisticated spectrometry technology introduced. This study aimed to screen volatile markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods: Breath samples were collected from 30 HCC patients who were comorbid with type B hepatitis and cirrhosis and from 27 hepatocirrhosis patients and 36 healthy persons, both taken as controls. The volatile organic compounds in the samples were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the markers were selected by comparing their levels between groups. Each of the markers was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a discriminant function using the markers was established. The relationships of α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and clinical stages with the concentrations of the markers were also investigated.
Results: 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone, styrene, and decane were screened as potential markers, among which 3-hydroxy-2-butanone was found to have the best diagnostic value. The diagnostic function using these markers had a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 91.7% between HCC patients and normal controls and a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 91.7% by cross-validation. No statistically significance (P &gt; 0.05) was found for the concentration differences of these markers between HCC patients with AFP &gt;400 or &lt;400 μg/L or between stage I-II and stage III-IV patients.
Conclusion: These volatile organic compounds could be useful as breath markers of HCC patients, independent of AFP levels or clinical stages.
Impact: Breath analysis could be useful for early diagnosis of HCC, especially for AFP-negative HCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2247–53. ©2010 AACR.
Plasma Coenzyme Q10 Levels and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Chai Weiwen , Cooney Robert V. , Franke Adrian A. , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Caberto Christian P. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Le Marchand Loïc , Henderson Brian E. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Goodman Marc T. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is considered an important cellular antioxidant. Decreased circulating CoQ10 levels have been reported in women with breast cancer, but evidence is limited. We examined the association of plasma CoQ10 levels with postmenopausal breast cancer risk using prospectively collected blood samples.
Methods: Prediagnostic plasma levels of total CoQ10 were measured among 160 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 289 controls in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cases and controls were individually matched on age, sex, ethnicity, study location (Hawaii or California), hormone replacement therapy use, date and time of specimen collection, and hours of fasting. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Plasma CoQ10 levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk, overall (P = 0.04). The association was stronger after women diagnosed within 1 year of blood draw were excluded to eliminate possible preclinical cases (odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest tertile, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-4.19; P for trend = 0.01).
Conclusions: Higher CoQ10 levels in postmenopausal women may be associated with increased breast cancer risk.
Impact: A potential role for CoQ10 in the development and progression of breast cancer has been postulated, but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. Findings from this prospective cohort study add to the limited literature, indicating the potential positive association of circulating CoQ10 with postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2351–6. ©2010 AACR.
Postdiagnosis Diet Quality Is Inversely Related to a Biomarker of Inflammation among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: George Stephanie M. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Mayne Susan T. , Irwin Melinda L. , Albanes Demetrius , Gail Mitchell H. , Alfano Catherine M. , Bernstein Leslie , McTiernan Anne , Reedy Jill , Smith Ashley W. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: Inflammation and immune response have potential prognostic implications for breast cancer survivors. We examined how postdiagnosis diet quality is cross-sectionally related to biomarkers of inflammation and adipose-derived hormones among breast cancer survivors and determined whether physical activity or body size modified any observed associations.
Methods: Participants included 746 women diagnosed with stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer. Thirty months after diagnosis, the women completed food frequency questionnaires. We scored diet quality with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2005. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A, leptin, and adiponectin were measured in fasting 30 mL blood samples. Log biomarker values were regressed on quartiles of HEI-2005 scores in multivariate models, and β scores were exponentiated and expressed as geometric means within quartiles of HEI-2005 scores.
Results: Women with better versus poor quality postdiagnosis diets, as defined by higher HEI-2005 scores (Q4 versus Q1), had lower concentrations of CRP (1.6 mg/L versus 2.5 mg/L), but no significant difference in concentrations of serum amyloid A, leptin, or adiponectin. Among women not engaging in recreational physical activity after diagnosis, better diet quality was associated with lower CRP concentrations (2.5 mg/L versus 5.0 mg/L), but no association was observed among women engaging in any recreational physical activity (1.4 mg/L versus 1.6 mg/L; P heterogeneity = 0.03).
Conclusions: Among breast cancer survivors, a better-quality diet seems to be associated with lower levels of chronic inflammation.
Impact: Lower levels of chronic inflammation have been associated with improved survival after breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2220–8. ©2010 AACR.
Survival of Women with Colon Cancer in Relation to Precancer Anthropometric Characteristics: the Iowa Women's Health Study
Authors: Prizment Anna E. , Flood Andrew , Anderson Kristin E. , Folsom Aaron R. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background: We hypothesized that precancer anthropometric variables are associated with mortality among women who developed colon cancer in a prospective cohort, the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS).
Methods: From 1986 to 2005, 1,096 incident cases of colon cancer were identified (mean age at diagnosis, 73 years). Anthropometric characteristics were self-measured before colon cancer diagnosis (in 1986). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for all-cause and colon-cancer mortality, adjusted for age at cancer diagnosis, stage, education, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking.
Results: During the follow-up of up to 20 years, 493 women died; 289 had colon cancer as the underlying cause. The HRs of all-cause death were increased for the highest versus lowest tertile for weight (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.76; P trend = 0.005); waist to hip ratio (WHR; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.72; P trend = 0.008), and waist (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.15-1.82; P trend = 0.001). Compared with that for body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, HRs were increased for BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.14-1.85) and for the few women with BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2 (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.01-3.53). Colon cancer mortality was positively associated with WHR and waist: HR, 1.37 (95% CI, 1.02;1.85; P trend = 0.04) and 1.34 (95% CI, 1.01-1.80; P trend = 0.05), respectively, for the highest versus lowest tertile.
Conclusion: Greater precancer anthropometric measures and BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2 predicted poorer survival among colon cancer patients. Higher abdominal adiposity measured by WHR and waist was associated with increased risk of colon cancer death.
Impact: Prediagnostic obesity may be a modifiable risk factor for death in colon cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2229–37. ©2010 AACR.
Jumonji Domain Containing 1A Is a Novel Prognostic Marker for Colorectal Cancer: In vivo Identification from Hypoxic Tumor Cells
Authors: Uemura Mamoru , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Takemasa Ichiro , Mimori Koshi , Hemmi Hideyuki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Ikeda Masataka , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Matsuura Nariaki , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify novel hypoxia-inducible and prognostic markers in vivo from hypoxic tumor cells.
Experimental Design: Using carbonic anhydrase 9 and CD34 as a guide for hypoxic tumor cells, laser capture microdissection was used to isolate colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. The samples were analyzed by microarray analysis, in parallel with five CRC cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions. To evaluate the prognostic impact of the expression of certain genes, samples from a total of 356 CRC patients were analyzed by microarray or quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. In vitro mechanistic studies and in vivo therapeutic experiments were also done about a histone H3 Lys9 demethylase, Jumonji domain containing 1A (JMJD1A).
Results: Several candidate genes were identified by microarray analysis of liver metastases and culturing of CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. Among them, we found that JMJD1A was a novel independent prognostic factor for CRC (P = 0.013). In vitro assays revealed that loss of JMJD1A by small interfering RNA treatment was associated with a reduction of proliferative activity and decrease in invasion of CRC cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with an adenovirus system for antisense JMJD1A construct displayed prominent therapeutic effects when injected into established tumor xenografts of the CRC cell lines HCT116 and DLD1.
Conclusions: JMJD1A is a useful biomarker for hypoxic tumor cells and a prognostic marker that could be a promising therapeutic target against CRC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(18); 4636–46. ©2010 AACR.
Inhibitory Effect of Silibinin against Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice
Authors: Ravichandran Kameswaran , Velmurugan Balaiya , Gu Mallikarjuna , Singh Rana P. , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths, which suggests that more effort is needed to prevent/control this disease. Herein, for the first time, we investigate in vivo the efficacy of silibinin against azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis in A/J mice.
Experimental Design: Five-week-old male mice were gavaged with vehicle or silibinin (250 and 750 mg/kg) for 25 weeks starting 2 weeks before initiation with azoxymethane (pretreatment regime) or for 16 weeks starting 2 weeks after the last azoxymethane injection (posttreatment regime). The mice were then sacrificed, and colon tissues were examined for tumor multiplicity and size, and molecular markers for proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis.
Results: Silibinin feeding showed a dose-dependent decrease in azoxymethane-induced colon tumorigenesis with stronger efficacy in pretreatment versus posttreatment regimen. Mechanistic studies in tissue samples showed that silibinin inhibits cell proliferation as evident by a decrease (P &lt; 0.001) in proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, and increased Cip1/p21 levels. Silibinin also decreased (P &lt; 0.001) the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, suggesting its anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic potential in this model. Further, silibinin increased cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase levels, indicating its apoptotic effect. In other studies, colonic mucosa and tumors expressed high levels of β-catenin, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptorβ, phospho Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and phospho protein kinase B/pAkt proteins in azoxymethane-treated mice, which were strongly lowered (P &lt; 0.001) by silibinin treatment. Moreover, azoxymethane reduced insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protein level, which was enhanced by silibinin.
Conclusions: Silibinin targets β-catenin and IGF-1Rβ pathways for its chemopreventive efficacy against azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in A/J mice. Overall, these results support the translational potential of silibinin in colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Clin Cancer Res; 16(18); 4595–606. ©2010 AACR.