bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–tribological property relationship of nanoparticles and short carbon fibers reinforced PEEK hybrid composites
Authors: Zhang G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn a previous work, the roles of low‐loading, that is, 1 vol %, nano‐SiO2 particles on the tribological behavior of short carbon fibers (SCFs)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/graphite filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were studied. In the present work, the effects of nanoparticle content, varying from 1 to 4 vol %, on the structure and the tribological performance of the composite was investigated. The polished cross sections of the composites were inspected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The incorporated nanoparticles significantly reduce the friction coefficients of the composite. With low pressure‐sliding velocity (pv) factors, nanoparticle agglomerates seem to exert an abrasive effect on SCF, and thereby lead to high wear rates. Under such conditions, an increase in nanoparticle content decreases the wear resistance. With high pv factors, the nanoparticles remarkably improve the wear resistance of the composite and the nanoparticle contents do not play an important role on the wear resistance. The worn surfaces, transfer films and wear debris of the composites were analyzed. The tribological mechanisms were discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 801–811, 2010
Rain drop size distribution variability and impact on X‐band polarimetric radar retrieval: Results from the AMMA campaign in Benin
Authors: Gosset Marielle , Zahiri Eric‐Pascal , Moumouni Sounmaila 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDuring the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field campaign, polarimetric weather radars, a rain‐gauge network and disdrometers were available to analyse the convective systems and the rainfall in Benin. In this paper a three‐year dataset of drop size distributions is used to compute theoretical relationships between X‐band polarimetric variables and the rain rate, adjusted for the region of interest. The variability of these relationships from storm to storm and between rain types is studied. With an X‐band polarimetric radar the rain rate can be retrieved from the differential specific phase shift KDP, the specific attenuation AH, the reflectivity Z or differential reflectivity ZDR corrected for attenuation, or a combination of these variables. The set of coefficients needed to run the rain retrieval or the attenuation correction schemes under the conditions found in Benin are computed. The rain retrieval schemes are compared on the basis of simulations. The retrievals based on one single propagative variable like KDP or AH perform well. Preliminary results from direct comparisons between X‐band polarimetric radar estimates and rain‐gauges are consistent with the disdrometer‐based analysis. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Fitting VAD winds to aliased Doppler radial‐velocity observations: A global minimization problem in the presence of multiple local minima
Authors: Xu Qin , Nai Kang , Wei Li 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhen the horizontal vector wind is estimated by the traditional velocity azimuth display (VAD) analysis from radar radial‐velocity observations on a selected range circle, the observations should be thoroughly de‐aliased first. When the effect of aliasing is formulated into the cost function, the VAD analysis can be applied to raw aliased radial‐velocity observations, but the minimization problem for the VAD fitting is complicated by the multiple local minima caused by the zigzag‐discontinuities of the aliasing operator. An efficient two‐step VAD algorithm is thus developed in this paper to find the global minimum in properly transformed subspaces of the VAD wind parameters. The algorithm is then extended into a three‐step volume velocity processing (VVP) method to estimate the vertical profile of horizontal winds from each volume of radar radial‐velocity scans. Examples are presented to illustrate the capability and robustness of the method. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of a low dose of amphetamine on vesicular monoamine transporter binding: A PET (+)[11C]DTBZ study in humans
Authors: Boileau Isabelle , Houle Sylvain , Rusjan Pablo M. , Furukawa Yoshiaki , Wilkins Diana , Tong Junchao , Selby Peter , Wilson Alan A. , Kish Stephen J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe previously reported increased binding of (+)[11C]DTBZ (dihydrotetrabenazine), the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, in striatum of some methamphetamine users. This finding might be explained by stimulant‐induced vesicular DA depletion resulting in decreased DA (+)[11C]DTBZ competition at VMAT2. In a prospective PET study, we now find that administration of an acute oral dose of amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg) to humans does not cause increased striatal (+)[11C]DTBZ binding but a slight 5% decrease. Our data suggest that a low amphetamine dose is unlikely to cause sufficient DA depletion to detect increased (+)[11C]DTBZ binding and that a higher dose might be required. Synapse 64:417–420, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeated intermittent methylenedioxymethamphetamine exposure protects against the behavioral and neurotoxic, but not hyperthermic, effects of an MDMA binge in adult rats
Authors: Piper Brian J. , Ali Syed F. , Daniels Lauren G. , Meyer Jerrold S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have recently shown that chronic intermittent exposure of adolescent rats to 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) completely blocks the reduction in serotonin transporter (SERT) binding and the hypoactivity seen following a subsequent MDMA binge treatment. The present study determined whether a similar neuroprotective effect also occurs in rats given the same intermittent MDMA exposure in adulthood. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were given either MDMA (10 mg/kg × 2) or saline, every fifth day, from postnatal day (PD) 60 to PD 85. The MDMA‐induced latency until seminal plug production was reduced over the course of intermittent treatments. After a 1‐week wash‐out period, animals received either a low‐ or high‐dose MDMA binge (2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg × 4). Core body temperature was measured during and after the binge to determine the effects of MDMA pretreatment on MDMA‐induced hyperthermia. Spontaneous motor activity was determined the next day, and cortical and hippocampal samples were collected at 1 week postbinge to measure serotonin (5‐HT) and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) concentrations as well as [3H]citalopram binding to SERT. Hyperthermia occurred more rapidly and seminal discharge was more common in the MDMA‐pretreated group compared to the MDMA‐naïve group in animals given the low‐dose binge. MDMA preexposure protected animals from the reductions in cortical 5‐HT levels and SERT binding produced by the high‐dose binge and blocked the postbinge hypoactivity. These findings indicate that chronic, intermittent MDMA exposure in adulthood induces neuroprotective effects similar to those seen with adolescent treatment. However, there was also evidence for drug‐induced sensitization in adults that was not observed in adolescents. Thus, altered drug sensitivity in chronic Ecstasy users may depend not only on the frequency and pattern of use but also on the age of the user. Synapse 64:421–431, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The strength of family networks in transnational immigrant entrepreneurship
Authors: Mustafa Michael , Chen Stephen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this article we examine how five immigrant entrepreneurs in Malaysia and Singapore have internationalized their businesses and the role of transnational family networks in this process. We show that one of the key means by which these entrepreneurs are able to access resources and make use of contacts across borders is through transnational family and kinship networks that allow them to simultaneously engage in social and business activities in both countries. We discuss the characteristics of these family networks compared with other social networks that make them of particular value in internationalization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The success factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs: In search of a model
Authors: Chrysostome Elie 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study focuses on the success factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs. It proposes a profile for the necessity immigrant entrepreneur as well as for the opportunity immigrant entrepreneur. It clarifies the concept of success for immigrant entrepreneurs and suggests that the concept of survival is more appropriate for the necessity immigrant entrepreneurs and should mainly be measured by the age of the business, while the traditional concept of success is relevant for the opportunity immigrant entrepreneur and can be measured by the usual quantitative performance indicators. Based on different existing theories, the study suggests a theoretical explanation of the survival factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs. This contributed to propose a theoretical model of survival factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs. This model, which represents the major contribution of this study, suggests five categories of survival factors: ethno‐cultural factors, financial factors, managerial factors, psycho‐behavioral factors, and institutional factors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Derivation of viscous correction terms for the isothermal quantum Euler model
Authors: Brull S. , Méhats F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compute viscous correction terms for the isothermal quantum Euler system of Degond, Gallego, and Méhats (SIAM Multiscale Model Simul., 6, 2007). We derive this model by using a Chapman‐Enskog expansion up to order 1. In a last part, we consider a situation where the flow is nearly irrotational in order to get a simplified model.
Dynamic materials with formation of clots: optimal mass transport in one spatial dimension without takeover
Authors: Lurie K.A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe concept of dynamic materials (DM) was introduced in the earlier work [1, 2, 9] and developed there for the case of non‐colliding characteristics. The present paper extends this concept toward the case when the characteristics collide. The extension is formulated for a linear continuity equation in 1D with a no takeover condition applied to the moving masses. This implies the formation of clots with the preservation of both mass and momentum, which makes the approach resemble the method of “sticky particles” known in pressureless gas dynamics. The extension introduces non‐linearity into the transportation problem that was originally missing, thus placing it closer to a non‐linear conservation law.
Diffusion problems in fractal media defined on Cantor sets
Authors: Carpinteri A. , Sapora A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a fractional approach to describe the diffusion process in fractal media is put forward. After introducing anomalous diffusion quantities, the continuity and constitutive equations are derived by means of local fractional calculus, and the problem is formulated both in the steady‐state regime and in the transient regime. Eventually, a simple heat conduction problem in the steady‐state regime is solved analytically.
Pull‐in voltage analysis for an electrostatically actuated extensional microbeam with large deflection
Authors: Wang Y.‐G. , Lin W.‐H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of pull‐in behavior for nonlinear microelectromechanical coupled microbeams. Based on the accurate geometrically nonlinear theory of Euler‐Bernoulli beams, a distributed electromechanical model that accounts for electrostatic fringing field, finite deformation, and residual stress, is proposed. The governing differential equations, in conjunction with the corresponding boundary conditions, constitute a nonlinear two‐point boundary value problem which is solved numerically by shooting method. Taking the applied voltage as an unknown and the maximum deflection as a control parameter, the characteristic relations of applied voltage vs. deflection are successfully obtained. In order to confirm the model results, several case studies are compared with available published simulations, showing a good reliability. The influences of various parameters, such as the initial gap‐length ratio, fringing field effect, residual stress, on the pull‐in parameters have been studied with this method. Numerical results show that the proposed method is accurate and stable, which is an effective method to analyze the deformation of a microbeam.
The effect of zoledronate during bone healing
Authors: Matos Marcos Almeida , Tannuri Uenis , Guarniero Roberto 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Bisphosphonates have become the treatment of choice for a variety of bone diseases in which excessive osteoclastic activity is an important pathologic feature. However, inhibition of osteoclastic activity could lead to inhibition of remodeling during bone healing or repair. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of zoledronate (the most potent bisphosphonate) in the biological process of bone healing.

Methods
Thirty immature male rabbits were divided into two groups (control and experimental) of 15 animals each. Both groups were submitted to fibular osteotomy. Only in the experimental group a single dose of zoledronate was administered. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, animals of both groups were euthanized and the osteotomy site was histomorphometrically evaluated. The associated parameters analyzed were tissue volume (TV), fractional trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), fractional woven bone volume (WoV/TV), fractional periosteal fibrous volume (FbV/TV), and medullary fibrous volume (MaV/TV).

Results
The first week of healing was characterized by small callus area (experimental group) and less periosteal fibrosis. The second week was characterized by a large quantity of woven bone and marked decrease in periosteal fibrosis in the two groups. In the control group there was also a significant increase in trabecular bone. The fourth week was characterized by increased amount of woven bone and trabecular bone in the experimental group; there was increased medullary fibrosis in the two groups, while there continued to be significantly less periosteal fibrosis in the experimental group.

Conclusions
Zoledronate does not prevent bone healing. However, the effect of zoledronate was characterized by accentuated stimulation of primary bone production and probably inhibition of remodeling, leading to retention of trabecular bone.
Key factors in determining surgical timing of total knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritic patients: age, radiographic severity, and symptomatic severity
Authors: Chang Chong Bum , Yoo Jae Ho , Koh In Jun , Kang Yeon Gwi , Seong Sang Cheol , Kim Tae Kyun 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Patient age, radiographic severity of osteoarthritis (OA), and severity of symptoms are typically considered as the three key factors in selecting the osteoarthritic patients for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between the three selection criteria and the postoperative outcomes including patient satisfaction. We also attempted to determine whether the patients not fully satisfying the criteria are different from the typical candidates in postoperative outcomes.

Materials and methods
Three hundred and eighty-three uncomplicated TKAs with 1-year follow-up data were included in this study. We evaluated three preoperative factors including age, radiographic severity of OA, and WOMAC pain and function scores as proxies of preoperative level of symptoms. Evaluation of the postoperative outcomes included WOMAC pain and function scores and the level of patient satisfaction. Regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between the preoperative factors and the postoperative outcomes. Comparative analyses of the postoperative outcomes were made between the typical candidates with all selection criteria and the groups of patients who did not meet one of the selection criteria.

Results
Increasing age was associated with worse postoperative functional outcomes. Worse preoperative WOMAC pain and function scores were associated with worse postoperative WOMAC pain and function scores, and had a statistical tendency toward higher patient dissatisfaction. Compared to the typical candidates, the groups of patients who did not meet one of the selection criteria did not have worse postoperative outcomes. On the contrary, the group of younger age and the group with less severe preoperative symptoms were more likely to have better postoperative outcomes. The radiographic severity of OA had no significant associations with any of postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion
This study indicates that, when considering TKA as a treatment option, orthopedic surgeons need to comprehend the selection criteria in an overall view to offer the best timing for optimal postoperative outcomes.
Ethoxy Carboxylate Extended Surfactant: Micellar, Adsorption and Adsolubilization Properties
Authors: Arpornpong Noulkamol , Charoensaeng Ampira , Sabatini David A. , Khaodhiar Sutha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe micellar, adsorption, and adsolubilization properties of a novel ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant are measured and compared to an extended sulfate surfactant. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant is measured to be 0.02 mM while it is 0.07 mM for the extended sulfate surfactant. Adsorption and adsolubilization studies are carried out on alumina oxide surfaces. The extended sulfate surfactant has a higher maximum adsorption capacity onto the aluminum than the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant (0.47 vs. 0.14 mmol/g, respectively). For adsolubilization, the extended sulfate surfactant shows a slightly higher phenanthrene adsolubilization compared to the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant (log Kadm of 6.15 vs. 5.71, respectively). In contrast, for solubilization, the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant exhibits higher phenanthrene solubilization capacities than the extended sulfate surfactant (log Kmic of 5.61 vs. 5.42, respectively). Relative to surfactant loss from the solid surface, the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant shows a higher desorption capacity as compared to the extended sulfate surfactant. From these measurements, the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant has better properties for micellar applications (lower CMC, higher Kmic), while the extended sulfate surfactant has better properties for admicellar applications (higher qmax and Kadm values, and less desorption).
The effect of surgical timing on operative duration and quality of reduction in Type III supracondylar humeral fractures in children
Authors: Murnaghan M. Lucas , Slobogean Bronwyn L. , Byrne Angela , Tredwell Stephen J. , Mulpuri Kishore 
Published: February 2010

Purpose To determine the influence of the time from injury to surgery of Type III supracondylar fractures on operative duration and quality of reduction. Methods A retrospective review of Type III supracondylar fractures treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning over a 3-year period was performed. Results The subjects were divided into two groups based on the time from injury to surgery (IST): Group 1 (<8 h) 48 subjects and Group 2 (>8 h) 39 subjects. There was no difference in the mean age or gender ratio between the two groups. There were no cases of compartment syndrome or conversion to open reduction in either group. The mean IST was 669 min. The mean IST for Group 1 was 340 min and it was 1,074 min for Group 2. The operative duration for Group 1 was 32.56 min and for Group 2 it was 31.72 min ( P = 0.77). There were no significant differences in the quality of reduction. Conclusions There was no difference in the operative duration demonstrated between IST <8 h and IST >8 h. This failure to demonstrate a difference should not be interpreted as demonstrating equivalence. This study does not conclude that all displaced supracondylar fractures should be delayed, though it does inform the surgeon that, if compelled to delay surgery, this series did not demonstrate an increased risk of complications, nor a worsened quality of reduction.
Surgical approaches for open reduction and pinning in severely displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children: A systematic review
Authors: Pretell Mazzini Juan , Rodriguez Martin Juan , Andres Esteban Eva María 
Published: February 2010

Purpose There is no clear evidence in the actual literature regarding which of the surgical approaches could bring about the best functional, cosmetic, and radiological outcomes, as well as fewer complications, when an open reduction and pinning of a severely displaced supracondylar humerus fracture is performed. We, therefore, performed a systematic review of the English literature to investigate the existing evidence regarding this issue. Methods A MEDLINE and EMBASE databases search was performed to identify articles that focused on the functional, cosmetic, and radiological outcomes, as well as post-surgical complications, regarding different surgical approaches used for open reduction and pinning in severely displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children. One hundred and ninety-four articles were identified, of which seven were included for review. Data analysis included weighted means for all contingency tables and the Chi-square test. Standardized residues were studied when the Chi-square test was statistically significant. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 9.1/SE (StataCorp., College Station, TX) and P-values lower than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant for all analyses. Results For functional outcome, a high frequency of excellent results was found within the lateral and medial approaches, and a high frequency of good results within the anterior approach. A high frequency of poor results was found within the posterior approach. For cosmetic outcome, there was a high frequency of fair results within the posterior and lateral approaches, and a high frequency of poor results within the posterior approach. No statistically significant difference regarding time to union, as well as complications, was found. Conclusion Our results suggest that a combined antero-medial approach could be the method which allows the achievement of better functional and cosmetic outcome according to Flynn's criteria. Time to union, as well as post-surgical complications, should not be an issue regarding surgical approaches used for open reduction and pinning in these fractures.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Lim C M , Ng A , Loh K S 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence and profile of patients who use complementary and alternative medicine, within a cohort of head and neck cancer patients.Study design:Cross-sectional survey.Subjects and methods:Ninety-three consecutive head and neck cancer patients being followed up at the department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery were surveyed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.Results:The prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use was 67.8 per cent. Patients who used complementary and alternative medicine were more likely to be female, better educated and younger, compared with non-users. A total of 82.5 per cent (52/63) perceived complementary and alternative medicine to be effective, even though they were aware of the lack of research and endorsement by their physician regarding such medicine.Conclusion:The use of complementary and alternative medicine by head and neck cancer patients is common, regardless of efficacy or cost. Clinicians should routinely ask patients about their use of complementary and alternative medicine, to facilitate communication and enable appropriate use of such medicine.