bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Igκ Gene Enhancers, E3′ and Ed, Are Essential for Triggering Transcription
Authors: Zhou Xiaorong , Xiang Yougui , Garrard William T. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The mouse Igκ gene locus has three known transcriptional enhancers: an intronic enhancer (Ei), a 3′ enhancer (E3′), and a further downstream enhancer (Ed). Previous studies on B lymphocytes derived from mutant embryonic stem cells have shown that deletion of either Ei or E3′ significantly reduces Igκ gene rearrangement, whereas the combined deletion of both Ei and E3′ eliminates such recombination. Furthermore, deletion of either E3′ or Ed significantly reduces rearranged Igκ gene transcription. To determine whether the combined presence of both E3′ and Ed are essential for Igκ gene expression, we generated homozygous double knockout (DKO) mice with targeted deletions in both elements. Significantly, homozygous DKO mice were unable to generate κ+ B cells both in bone marrow and the periphery and exhibited surface expression almost exclusively of Igλ-chains, despite the fact that they possessed potentially functional rearranged Igκ genes. Compared with their single-enhancer–deleted counterparts, Igκ loci in homozygous DKO mice exhibited dramatically reduced germline and rearranged gene transcription, lower levels of gene rearrangement and histone H3 acetylation, and markedly increased DNA methylation. This contributed to a partial developmental block at the pre-B cell stage of development. We conclude that the two downstream enhancers are essential in Igκ gene expression and that Ei in homozygous DKO mice is incapable of triggering Igκ gene transcription. Furthermore, these results reveal unexpected compensatory roles for Ed in E3′ knockout mice in triggering germline transcription and Vκ gene rearrangements to both Jκ and RS elements.
Cutting Edge: The Transcription Factor Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Regulates the Differentiation of Th17 Cells Independently of RORγt
Authors: Lebson Lori , Gocke Anne , Rosenzweig Jason , Alder Jonathan , Civin Curt , Calabresi Peter A. , Whartenby Katharine A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Th17 cells play a significant role in inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Although a number of molecular pathways that contribute to the lineage differentiation of T cells have been discovered, the mechanisms by which lineage commitment occurs are not fully understood. Transcription factors play a key role in driving T cells toward specific lineages. We have identified a role for the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 4 in the development of IL-17–producing CD4+ T cells. KLF4 was required for the production of IL-17, and further, chromatin immunoprecipation analysis demonstrated binding of KLF4 to the IL-17 promoter, indicating a direct effect on the regulation of IL-17. Further, KLF4-deficient T cells upregulated expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt similar to wild-type during the polarization process toward Th17, suggesting that these two transcription factors are regulated independently.
Emergent Properties Resulting from Type‐II Band Alignment in Semiconductor Nanoheterostructures
Authors: Lo Shun S. , Mirkovic Tihana , Chuang Chi‐Hung , Burda Clemens , Scholes Gregory D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe development of elegant synthetic methodologies for the preparation of monocomponent nanocrystalline particles has opened many possibilities for the preparation of heterostructured semiconductor nanostructures. Each of the integrated nanodomains is characterized by its individual physical properties, surface chemistry, and morphology, yet, these multicomponent hybrid particles present ideal systems for the investigation of the synergetic properties that arise from the material combination in a non‐additive fashion. Of particular interest are type‐II heterostructures, where the relative band alignment of their constituent semiconductor materials promotes a spatial separation of the electron and hole following photoexcitation, a highly desirable property for photovoltaic applications. This article highlights recent progress in both synthetic strategies, which allow for material and architectural modulation of novel nanoheterostructures, as well as the experimental work that provides insight into the photophysical properties of type‐II heterostructures. The effects of external factors, such as electric fields, temperature, and solvent are explored in conjunction with exciton and multiexciton dynamics and charge transfer processes typical for type‐II semiconductor heterostructures.
Structural development of poly(ethylene terephthalate) during uniaxial stretching above the glass‐transition temperature: Study of the statistical influence of the stretching variables
Authors: Todorov Lyudmil V. , Martins Carla I. , Viana Júlio C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, we present an investigation of the structural development of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) during uniaxial stretching above the glass‐transition temperature; this followed a statistical design of experiment approach to determine the influence of the stretching variables on the structural development. Amorphous PET was submitted to a stretching program with variations in the stretching temperature (Tst), stretching rate (
$\dot {\varepsilon}_{st}$), and stretching ratio (λst). Stretched samples were rapidly quenched and characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, optical birefringence, and differential scanning calorimetry. The relevance and influence of the stretching variables on the obtained parameters (phase fraction, phase orientation, and thermal parameters) were analyzed. The strain‐induced crystallinity was controlled by Tst, λst, and the interactions between them. Mesophase development was not dependant on Tst but on the interactions between
$\dot {\varepsilon}_{st}$
and λst. The molecular orientation was proportionally dependent on Tst, λst, and their interactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer coatings with the multiple bulk copolymerization method for solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Hu Xiaogang , Pan Jialiang , Hu Yuling , Li Gongke 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe multiple bulk copolymerization method, which was developed in our previous works, was further investigated with prometryn, tetracycline, and propranolol as templates for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coatings on silicon fibers for solid‐phase microextraction. The preparation conditions (e.g., the solvent, monomer, crosslinker, component proportions, polymerization time, and number of coating procedures) were investigated systemically in an effort to enhance the coating thickness, surface morphology, and reproducibility. The methodology was examined, and some common specialties were explored in the preparation of three MIP‐coated fibers. Even after the coating procedure was repeated 10 times, the prometryn, tetracycline, and propranolol MIP‐coated fibers were prepared reproducibly with coating‐thickness relative standard deviations of 2.6, 3.0, and 5.1%, respectively; they were highly homogeneous, and a compact morphological structure was obtained. The extraction capacities of prometryn, tetracycline, and propranolol with corresponding MIP‐coated fibers were approximately 10.4, 3.9, and 3.3 times as much as those with the nonimprinted polymer (NIP)‐coated fibers, respectively, and the selectivity factors of prometryn, tetracycline, and propranolol MIP coatings for the template molecules and structural analogues were 2.2–10.4, 2.2–3.9, and 1.3–3.3, respectively, in comparison with the corresponding NIP coatings. In comparison with commercial polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coatings that were approximately 3 times thicker, the extracted amounts of prometryn, tetracycline, and propranolol were 4.2, 12.3, and 7.7 times higher with prometryn, tetracycline, and propranolol MIP coatings, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The outcome of 5‐ALA‐mediated photodynamic treatment in melanoma cells is influenced by vitamin C and heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Grimm Stefanie , Mvondo Dagmar , Grune Tilman , Breusing Nicolle 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important clinical approach for cancer treatment. It involves the administration of a photosensitizer, followed by its activation with light and induction of cell death. The underlying mechanism is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress, which is followed by cell death. However, effectiveness of PDT is limited due to an initiation of endogenous rescue response systems like heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in tumor cells. In recent years, consuming of antioxidant supplements has become widespread, but the effect of exogenously applied antioxidants on cancer therapy outcome remains unclear. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate if exogenous antioxidants might decrease ROS‐induced cytotoxicity in photodynamic treatment. Lycopene, β‐carotene, vitamin C, N‐acetylcysteine, trolox, and N‐tert‐butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone in different doses were administered to human melanoma cells prior exposure to photodynamic treatment. Supplementation with vitamin C resulted in a significant decrease of the cell death rate, whereas the other tested antioxidants had no effect on cell viability and oxidative stress markers. The simultaneous application of vitamin C with the HO‐1 activity inhibitor zinc protoporphyrine IX (ZnPPIX) caused a considerable decrease of photodynamic treatment‐induced cytotoxicity compared to ZnPPIX alone. It can be summarized that exogenously applied antioxidants do not have a leading role in the protective response against photodynamic treatment. However, further studies are necessary to investigate more antioxidants and other substances, which might affect the outcome of photodynamic treatment in cancer therapy.
The antianxiety‐like effect of astaxanthin extracted from Paracoccus carotinifaciens
Authors: Nishioka Yasushi , Oyagi Atsushi , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Ishibashi Takashi , Hara Hideaki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAstaxanthin is a red carotenoid pigment and is widely found in living organisms. Astaxanthin has a potent antioxidative ability and has been reported as having various biological effects on the central nerve system, such as a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and improvement in cognitive function. In this study, to investigate the effects of astaxanthin on anxiety and depression, we performed some behavioral trials including the elevated plus maze test, hole‐board test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Astaxanthin (100 and 300 mg/kg/day for 10 days, p.o.) significantly increased the time spent in open arms in the elevated plus maze test and increased the head‐dipping count and duration in the hole‐board test. On the other hand, astaxanthin (10, 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg/day for 10 days, p.o.) did not change the immobility time in the forced swim test or the tail suspension test. In conclusion, in mice, astaxanthin exerted anxiolytic‐like effects, but not antidepressant‐like effects.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxygen Deficient Cubic Perovskite SrFe1‐xScxO3‐δ (x ≤ 0.5; 0.1 ≤ δ ≤ 0.5): Structural Features and Physical Properties.
Authors: Rizki Youssef , Breard Yohann , Le Breton Jean‐Marie , Folcke Emeric , Lechevallier Luc , Kobayashi Wataru , Maignan Antoine 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of SrO2, Fe2O3, and Sc2O3 (1200 °C, 12 h) and characterized by XRD, 57Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy, TEM, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloid Ester Derivatives as Ligands in the Asymmetric Dihydroxylation and Aminohydroxylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Qiao Feng , Sun Xiao Li , Luo Jing , Jiang Ru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA range of new cinchona alkaloid ester derivatives having a phthaloyl or pyridyl spacer group are synthesized and successfully applied as chiral ligands in the title asymmetric hydroxylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes Using a Primary Amino Acid Lithium Salt.
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Sato Atsushi , Hara Shoji 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEnantioselective Michael addition of aldehydes to various aromatic nitroalkenes is successfully carried out by the present new procedure catalyzed by L‐phenylalanine lithium salt, affording γ‐nitroaldehydes in good yields and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethyl Nitrones: From Fluoral to Optically Active Hydroxylamines.
Authors: Milcent Thierry , Hinks Nathan , Bonnet‐Delpon Daniele , Crousse Benoit 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel method for the preparation of trifluoromethyl nitrones is presented which is also applicable to optically active compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Reliable and Diverse Synthesis of Aryl Azides Through Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Boronic Acids or Esters with TMSN3.
Authors: Li Yu , Gao Lian‐Xun , Han Fu‐She 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present method offers several advantages over the available methods that include an increased safeness and a broadened functional group compatibility.
ChemInform Abstract: Brucine N‐Oxide‐Catalyzed Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of Vinyl Ketones: A Mechanistic Implication of Dual Catalyst System with Proline.
Authors: Oh Kyungsoo , Li Jian‐Yuan , Ryu Jinhyang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAmine N‐oxide‐catalyzed Morita—Baylis—Hillman reaction of vinyl ketones with various aldehydes (Ia‐h) results in the formation of racemic products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Approach to Optically Active α‐Alkylidene‐β‐amino Esters by Thermal Overman Rearrangement.
Authors: Lee Sung Il , Moon Soon Young , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe rearrangement of various racemic hydroxycarboxylic ester substrates is investigated in the presence of (II) to give the (E)‐configurated amino acid esters nearly exclusively.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Highly Enantioselective Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of Brassard′s Diene with Aromatic Aldehydes by Combined Lewis Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Guowei , Zhao Jinfeng , Zhou Yuhan , Wang Baomin , Qu Jingping 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe catalyst generated promotes the asymmetric reaction of the diene (I) with aromatic and conjugated aldehydes to give functionalized esters of type (III) with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic N‐Phosphonyl Imine Chemistry: The Use of Primary Free Amino Acids and Et2AlCN for Asymmetric Catalytic Strecker Reaction.
Authors: Kaur Parminder , Pindi Suresh , Wever Walter , Rajale Trideep , Li Guigen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new and efficient method allows formation of various arylated α‐amino nitriles with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Assisted Pentafluorophenylation of Oximes.
Authors: Levin Vitalii V. , Gritsenko Roman T. , Dilman Alexander D. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Arkhipov Dmitry E. , Struchkova Marina I. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPentafluorophenylation of salicylic aldehyde oximes is easily achieved via their preliminary transformation into difluoroboryl chelate complexes of type (II), which react with (C6F5)3SiF.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Substituent Effects on the Selectivity of 4π‐Electrocyclization of 1,3‐Diarylallylic Cations for the Formation of Highly Substituted Indenes.
Authors: Smith Chris D. , Rosocha Gregory , Mui Leo , Batey Robert A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBoth nature and position of the substituents have a strong effect on the regio‐ and chemoselective outcome of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Allylic Azides for the Synthesis of Fused Triazoles and Tetrazoles via Intramolecular Cycloaddition.
Authors: Mishra Amita , Hutait Samiran , Bhowmik Subhendu , Rastogi Neeraj , Roy Raja , Batra Sanjay 
Published: November 2010

AbstractStarting from Baylis—Hillman adducts, the synthesis of different annulated triazoles and tetrazoles using an intramolecular cycloaddition approach is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Fluoroalkanesulfonyl Azides with Pyrrole and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Xiong Wanting , Xin Yong , Han Jianwei , Zhu Shizheng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe reactions between the title compounds proceed smoothly under mild conditions affording the 3‐(fluoroalkanesulfonylamido) pyrroles (III) and (V) as exclusive products in good to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Aminoenone via Direct Reaction of the Chloroalkyl Enone with NaN3: Rapid Access to Polycyclic Alkaloids.
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Ming , Gu Peiming , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Hai‐Jun , Zhang Qing‐Wei , Fan Chun‐An 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe formation of the target compounds proceeds via formation of triazoline intermediates and subsequent 1,2‐migration.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Construction of Spiro[4H‐pyran‐3,3′‐oxindoles] Through a Domino Knoevenagel/Michael/Cyclization Sequence Catalyzed by Cupreine.
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bing , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Pei Qing‐Lan , Cun Lin‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe process is highly efficient for the preparation of alkaloid structures and drug candidates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity Evaluation of Some Sulfonamide and Amidine Derivatives of 4‐Aryl‐3‐(2 or 4‐picolyl)‐2‐imino‐4‐thiazolines.
Authors: Sondhi Sham M. , Dwivedi Amrender Dhar , Singh Jaiveer , Gupta P. P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCompound (VIIa) exhibits antiinflammatory activity comparable to that of ibuprofen.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Modification of Substituted 2‐Azaanthraquinones.
Authors: Welzel Thomas , Weiss Dieter , Beckert Rainer , Goerls Helmar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe complex cycloaddition—ring transformation reaction of pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrazines (I) with substituted naphthoquinones is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diarylazolo[a]pyridines from [(Z)‐2,4‐Diaryl‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenyl]azolium Salts
Authors: Potikha L. M. , Turelyk A. R. , Kovtunenko V. A. , Turov A. V. 
Published: November 2010

Abstractvia base initiated cyclization of corresponding quaternary azolium salts
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 5‐Benzoylamino‐2‐(aralkylsulfanyl)pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Hansen Finn K. , Geffken Detlef 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe amino compounds (II) are used as either hydrochlorides or hydrobromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed Reductions of Alkyl Silyl Peroxides by Titanium Hydride Reducing Agents: Development of the Method and Mechanistic Investigations.
Authors: Harris Jason R. , Haynes M. Taylor II , Thomas Andrew M. , Woerpel K. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnder conditions A), alkyl silyl peroxides undergo convenient reduction to silylated alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Organogermanium Protected Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Oxazolone.
Authors: Lim Doo Hyeon , Li Minghua , Seo Jung‐A , Lim Kyung‐Min , Ham Seung Wook 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA novel organogermanium compound (IV) with ascorbic acid as hydrophilic moiety is synthesized and the anti‐inflammatory and barrier protecting effects are investigated for chronic oxazolone‐induced murine atopic dermatitis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoline‐Bearing Ferrocene Derivatives via Friedlaender Reaction of Acetyl‐ and 1,1′‐Diacetylferrocenes with o‐Amino Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Gao Wentao , Cheng Xiuping , Li Yang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCarrying out the reaction of acetylferrocene (I) with aminobenzaldehyde (IIa) under standard Friedlnder conditions using sodium ethoxide as a base provides product (IIIa) only in low yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Aminoglycosides Derived from Alkaloid Cytisine, Their Biological Activity and Crystal Structure of N‐(β‐D‐Galactopyranosyl)cytisine.
Authors: Kulakov I. V. , Nurkenov O. A. , Turdybekov D. M. , Mahmutova A. S. , Ahmetova S. B. , Sejdahmetova R. B. , Turdybekov K. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNew N‐aminoglycosides (4 examples) of the alkaloid cytisine (I) are synthesized using commercially available monosaccharides.
ChemInform Abstract: JBIR‐83 and JBIR‐84, New Promothiocin Derivatives, Isolated from Streptomyces sp. RI9.
Authors: Takagi Motoki , Motohashi Keiichiro , Nagai Aya , Hashimoto Junko , Shin‐ya Kazuo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe new promothiocin derivatives JBIR‐83 (Ia) and JBIR‐84 (Ib) do not show cytotoxic or antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Phase Stability of NiMnGa Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys by Experimental and ab initio Techniques
Authors: Esling C. , Cong D. Y. , Bai J. , Zhang Y. D. , Raulot J. M. , Zhao X. , Zuo L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReview: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Mechanistic Concept for Homogeneous Selective Ethylene Oligomerization of Chromium‐Based Catalysts: Binuclear Metallacycles as a Reason for 1‐Octene Selectivity?
Authors: Peitz Stephan , Aluri Bhaskar R. , Peulecke Normen , Mueller Bernd H. , Woehl Anina , Mueller Wolfgang , Al‐Hazmi Mohammed H. , Mosa Fuad M. , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReview: 66 refs.
River Suspended Sediment Control through Riparian Vegetation: A Method to Detect the Functionality of Riparian Vegetation
Authors: Pavanelli Donatella , Cavazza Claudio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a method to detect the functionality of riparian vegetation as buffers/filters/trap against soil runoff and polluting agents caused by agricultural land and erosion areas, near the river. The suspended sediment yield (SSY) is the main vector for pollutants and nutrients generated from the runoff, in the Apennines torrents, indeed finer particles of the soil and their aggregates were proved to be the preferential vehicle of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other polluting agents. The stages of the current study were to spot soil erosion critical areas by the application of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), on a river strip buffer of 200 m, with support of aerial photos and satellite images, land surveys, and application of a G. I. S. The riparian vegetation analysis, on a 20 m wide buffer, was obtained on the basis of ecologic richness, the structural quality, and the depth of the vegetation. The two maps obtained, “erosion risk strip” and “degree of effectiveness of riparian vegetation”, were connected to identify, for every river trunk, the level of functionality of the riparian vegetation in relation to the level of risk erosion on the near hill slopes. The methodology was applied on the Gaiana torrent, near Bologna, North Italian Apennines, where both basin soil loss and SSY have been well studies. The proposed methodology has been designed for the control of water pollution induced by suspended solids, pollutants, and nutrients coming from soil erosion and as a tool to improve the quality of the river environment. The method has the advantage of being easily applicable and can represent a basic tool for stakeholders to take decisions regarding the control and improvement of the river and it can suggest ways to improve or replant the degraded vegetation on the stream banks.