bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Overall Sexual Function, Sexual Intercourse/Activity, Sexual Satisfaction, and Sexual Desire During the Three Trimesters of Pregnancy and Assessment of Their Determinants
Authors: Chang Shiow-Ru , Chen Kuang-Ho , Lin Ho-Hsiung , Yu Hong-Jeng 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Pregnancy affects women's sexual function. However, few reports have addressed this phenomenon.

Aim
To examine overall sexual function and three dimensions of the Taiwan version of the Female Sexual Function Index and to assess their determinants during the three trimesters of pregnancy.

Methods
Cross-sectional investigation of 663 pregnant women using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence Short Form, the Body Image Scale for Pregnant Women, and demographics questions.

Main Outcome Measures
Urinary incontinence, body image, obstetrical history, demographics, and other factors potentially influencing overall sexual function, intercourse/activity, satisfaction, and desire during pregnancy.

Results
Mean scores for overall sexual function, intercourse/activity, and satisfaction differed significantly among the three trimesters (P = or &lt;0.02), whereas mean scores for sexual desire did not. Mean scores for overall sexual function and intercourse were significantly lower during the third trimester than during the first trimester (P &lt; 0.001) or second trimester (P &lt; 0.001). Mean score for satisfaction was significantly higher during the third trimester than during the first trimester (P = 0.01). Significant effects included the following: (i) the discomfort and infertility experiences on overall sexual function and on intercourse, the interaction between body image and artificial abortion on satisfaction, spontaneous abortion on desire during the first trimester; (ii) the full-time work and infertility experiences on overall sexual function and on intercourse, the interactions between body image and medical condition on desire during the second trimester; and (iii) the interaction between gestational age and HoLou ethnicity on overall sexual function, the interaction between body image and discomfort on overall sexual function and on intercourse, the interactions between body image and infertility experiences and gravidity on satisfaction, urinary incontinence on desire during the third trimester.

Conclusions
Results demonstrated that biopsychosocial and cultural factors affected Female Sexual Function Index (FSFIT) scores throughout pregnancy.
A Sociodrama: An Innovative Program Engaging College Students to Learn and Self‐Reflect About Alcohol Use
Authors: Haleem Diane M. , Winters Justin 
Published: August 2011

TOPIC:  A sociodrama addressing college drinking.PURPOSE:  This article reports on the development, production, and evaluation of an innovative sociodrama addressing college drinking mental health professionals caring for students who drink at levels that cause negative consequences can use techniques addressed in the sociodrama to help students self‐reflect on their alcohol use. The goal is to help students make healthy choices to decrease the negative consequences as a result of drinking. A script for the sociodrama was developed and five students acted out the sociodrama. A facilitator engaged the audience of college students, at scripted pauses, during the production to reflect on the scenes presented. The purpose of the sociodrama is to foster a discussion, to aid in student understanding concerning college drinking, to have students consider and commit to use harm reduction techniques, to access resources, and to correct misperceptions about drinking. The sociodrama format can help address communication challenges, problem solving, and self‐awareness.METHODS:  Pre‐ and post‐surveys were administered to test commitment to use harm reduction techniques, assess the perception of a student's own drinking pattern to the perception of their fellow student colleague drinking, assess the student use of resources, and assess the effectiveness of the sociodrama as a means of learning. This research was Institutional Review Board approved.FINDINGS:  Over 41% of students reported not consuming alcohol the last time they partied or socialized yet reported only 3.8% of their students colleagues did not consume alcohol. Most students (94%) reported that drinking five or more drinks would place them at risk as opposed to estimating that the same amount would put fewer students at risk (75%). Students significantly increased their commitment to use harm reduction techniques.CONCLUSION:  A sociodrama is an effective method of involving students in discussions about college drinking and engaging them in conversation and self‐reflection.
Warning Signs in the Development of Speech, Language, and Communication: When to Refer to a Speech‐Language Pathologist
Authors: Wankoff Lorain S. 
Published: August 2011

TOPIC:  Because of the link between communication impairments and psychiatric disorders, it is important for nurses and other healthcare professionals to know the warning signs for the need for a communication/speech/language evaluation for children during infancy through early childhood.PURPOSE:  This article presents an overview of the role of speech‐language pathologists (SLPs); the expected developmental achievements for youngsters from infancy to age 5 in speech, language, and communication; and the clinically significant warning signs that indicate a need for speech/language assessment.SOURCES:  Sources for this article included published literature on the topic along with the clinical judgment and expertise of the author, a certified SLP.CONCLUSIONS:  Warning signs for referral to an SLP may be subtle and may present in developmental, academic, behavioral, or social–emotional realms. Collaboration between nurses and communication professionals will allow for early identification and intervention. Early detection of speech and language disabilities is key to maximizing the effects of early intervention, resulting in more positive communication outcomes in later life. It has been found that speech and language delays and disorders, with symptoms left untreated, can cause difficulties in learning and socialization that can last into adolescence and beyond. Early identification of children with developmental delay or developmental disabilities may lead to intervention at a young age when chances for improvement may be best.
Bed Sharing in School‐Age Children—Clinical and Social Implications
Authors: Jain Shailesh , Romack Rebecca , Jain Rakesh 
Published: August 2011

TOPIC:  The topic of this review was the clinical and social implications of bed sharing in school‐age children.PURPOSE:  The present review of literature was aimed to explore the reasons why school‐age children seek bed sharing with parents, and the effect of culture on bed sharing practice. We also sought to examine if the duration of bed sharing has an impact on children, and importantly, what effect bed sharing had on a child's psychosexual development, if any. This article will also review the literature in search of scientific evidence regarding the short‐ and long‐term consequences of bed sharing.SOURCES:  A search for peer‐reviewed English language literature published in the past 20 years was performed from various databases (Medline, PsycInfo, and Cochran Data Base Systemic Reviews).CONCLUSIONS:  We found that bed sharing is a cultural practice. Generally speaking, infant–parent bed sharing has distinct benefits. Its perceived benefits and drawbacks are distinctly influenced by cultural beliefs and practices.
Structural Coupling between RNA Polymerase Composition and DNA Supercoiling in Coordinating Transcription: a Global Role for the Omega Subunit?
Authors: Geertz Marcel , Travers Andrew , Mehandziska Sanja , Sobetzko Patrick , Chandra Janga Sarath , Shimamoto Nobuo , Muskhelishvili Georgi 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACT

In growing bacterial cells, the global reorganization of transcription is associated with alterations of RNA polymerase composition and the superhelical density of the DNA. However, the existence of any regulatory device coordinating these changes remains elusive. Here we show that in an exponentially growing
Escherichia coli
rpoZ
mutant lacking the polymerase ω subunit, the impact of the Eσ
38
holoenzyme on transcription is enhanced in parallel with overall DNA relaxation. Conversely, overproduction of σ
70
in an
rpoZ
mutant increases both overall DNA supercoiling and the transcription of genes utilizing high negative superhelicity. We further show that transcription driven by the Eσ
38
and Eσ
70
holoenzymes from cognate promoters induces distinct superhelical densities of plasmid DNA
in
vivo
. We thus demonstrate a tight coupling between polymerase holoenzyme composition and the supercoiling regimen of genomic transcription. Accordingly, we identify functional clusters of genes with distinct σ factor and supercoiling preferences arranging alternative transcription programs sustaining bacterial exponential growth. We propose that structural coupling between DNA topology and holoenzyme composition provides a basic regulatory device for coordinating genome-wide transcription during bacterial growth and adaptation.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding the mechanisms of coordinated gene expression is pivotal for developing knowledge-based approaches to manipulating bacterial physiology, which is a problem of central importance for applications of biotechnology and medicine. This study explores the relationships between variations in the composition of the transcription machinery and chromosomal DNA topology and suggests a tight interdependence of these two variables as the major coordinating principle of gene regulation. The proposed structural coupling between the transcription machinery and DNA topology has evolutionary implications and suggests a new methodology for studying concerted alterations of gene expression during normal and pathogenic growth both in bacteria and in higher organisms.
Effects of 17β-estradiol and antioxidant administration on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Abbas Amr M. , Elsamanoudy Ayman Z. 
Published: August 2011

The prevalence of insulin resistance syndrome increases during menopause with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the free radical scavenger function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitamin E, as an antioxidant, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats as well as on insulin resistance in those rats. Forty female Sprague–Dawley rats, 3 months of age and weighing 231.5 ± 9.4 g, were divided into 4 groups: sham, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX treated with E2 (40 µg/kg subcutaneously), and OVX treated with E2 and vitamin E (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The 4 groups received the appropriate treatment every day for 8 weeks. Levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , catalase, and malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and liver of ovariectomized rats were measured. Also, fasting plasma insulin, glucose, and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. Malondialdehyde increased and antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) decreased in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Also, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR increased in OVX rats. E2 and E2 plus vitamin E decreased malondialdehyde and increased antioxidants in the brain cortex and liver of OVX rats. Moreover, they decreased fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in ovariectomized rats. This study demonstrates that E2 and E2 plus vitamin E supplementation to OVX rats may improve insulin resistance, strengthen the antioxidant system, and reduce lipid peroxidation.
The Seoul National University Business School: Managing Global Challenge and Cultural Change
Authors: Park Jinsoo , Choi Minjung 
Published: August 2011

The Seoul National University Business School (SNUBS) consists of two sub-organizations, the College of Business Administration (CBA) and the Graduate School of Business (GSB). The former, taking control of undergraduate, master, and doctorate programs, has been the main body of the SNU Business School. The latter, newly established at the dawn of Master of Business Administration (MBA) education in the country, is to manage the "Global MBA" program which is aimed at achieving global recognition in World's business school rankings. As Seoul National University has been administered by the government, faculty and staff were not accustomed to a different type of institution conforming to the North American standard, for example, getting evaluated by the class they taught. A few professors were negative about the new program. However, most of the faculty tried to be positive and proactive about creating new curricula, once they understood the rationale behind the need of MBA education in Seoul National University. As the Global MBA was about to be included in the rankings list, the global competition will be inevitable and ever challenging. If Seoul National University was aimed at reaching number 10 within ten years, the school had far more way to go despite its unique characteristics and strong advantages. To make matters more demanding, competitors from all over the world, particularly Asian institutes, were exerting themselves and going up the ladders rapidly. Considering these changes and challenges, what are the strategic issues and constraints faced by the SNUBS? What have they done in the past and what should they do in the future? What should be given strategic priority? The case will help readers to dive deep into these management questions and analysis.
Tumor-Derived Autophagosome Vaccine: Induction of Cross-Protective Immune Responses against Short-lived Proteins through a p62-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Twitty Christopher G. , Jensen Shawn M. , Hu Hong-Ming , Fox Bernard A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPurpose: Tumor-specific antigens of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcomas were defined by the narrow immune responses they elicited, which uniquely rejected the homologous tumor, with no cross-reactions between independently derived syngeneic MCA-induced tumors. This study examines whether an autophagosome-enriched vaccine derived from bortezomib-treated sarcomas can elicit an immune response that cross-reacts with other unique sarcomas.Experimental Design: Mice were vaccinated with either MCA-induced sarcomas or autophagosomes derived from those tumors and later challenged with either homologous or nonhomologous sarcomas. In addition, 293 cells expressing a model antigen were used to understand the necessity of short-lived proteins (SLiP) in this novel vaccine. These findings were then tested in the sarcoma model. Autophagosomes were characterized by Western blotting and fluorescent microscopy, and their ability to generate immune responses was assessed in vitro by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution of antigen-specific T cells and in vivo by monitoring tumor growth.Results: In contrast to a whole-cell tumor vaccine, autophagosomes isolated from MCA-induced sarcomas treated with a proteasome inhibitor prime T cells that cross-react with different sarcomas and protect a significant proportion of vaccinated hosts from a nonhomologous tumor challenge. Ubiquitinated SLiPs, which are stabilized by proteasome blockade and delivered to autophagosomes in a p62/sequestosome-dependent fashion, are a critical component of the autophagosome vaccine, as their depletion limits vaccine efficacy.Conclusion: This work suggests that common short-lived tumor-specific antigens, not physiologically available for cross-presentation, can be sequestered in autophagosomes by p62 and used as a vaccine to elicit cross-protection against independently derived sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6467–81. ©2011 AACR.
Mammary Gland Density Predicts the Cancer Inhibitory Activity of the N-3 to N-6 Ratio of Dietary Fat
Authors: Zhu Zongjian , Jiang Weiqin , McGinley John N. , Prokopczyk Bogden , Richie John P. , El Bayoumy Karam , Manni Andrea , Thompson Henry J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a broad range of dietary ratios of n-3:n-6 fatty acids on mammary gland density and mammary cancer risk. Cancer was induced in female rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Purified diet that provided 30% of dietary kilocalories from fat was formulated to contain ratios of n-3:n-6 fatty acids from 25:1 to 1:25. Mammary gland density was determined by digital analysis, fatty acids by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, and other plasma analytes via ELISA. Mammary gland density was reduced dose dependently at n-3:n-6 ratios from 1:1 to 25:1 (r = −0.477, P = 0.038), with a 20.3% decrease of mammary gland density between n-3:n-6 of 1:1 versus 25:1, P &lt; 0.001. Mammary carcinogenesis was inhibited in the absence or presence of tamoxifen (1 mg/kg diet) in a manner predicted by mammary gland density. Plasma n-3 fatty acid concentrations failed to increase above an n-3:n-6 ratio of 5:1, and changes in specific plasma n-3 or n-6 fatty acids were not predictive of mammary gland density or cancer inhibitory activity. A strong reciprocal effect of the n-3:n-6 ratio on plasma leptin (decreased, P = 0.005) and adiponectin (increased, P &lt; 0.001) was observed indicating adipose tissue function was modulated. However, neither cytokine was predictive of mammary gland density. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) decreased with increasing dietary n-3:n-6 ratio (P = 0.004) and was predictive of the changes in mammary gland density (r = 0.362, P &lt; 0.005). These findings indicate that (i) mammary gland density predicted the carcinogenic response, (ii) the n-3:n-6 ratio exerts effects in the presence or absence of hormonal regulation of carcinogenesis, and (iii) signaling pathways regulated by IGF-I are potential targets for further mechanistic investigation. Cancer Prev Res; 4(10); 1675–85. ©2011 AACR.
TMS to the Lateral Occipital Cortex Disrupts Object Processing but Facilitates Scene Processing
Authors: Mullin Caitlin R. , Steeves Jennifer K. E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The study of brain-damaged patients and advancements in neuroimaging have lead to the discovery of discrete brain regions that process visual image categories, such as objects and scenes. However, how these visual image categories interact remains unclear. For example, is scene perception simply an extension of object perception, or can global scene “gist” be processed independently of its component objects? Specifically, when recognizing a scene such as an “office,” does one need to first recognize its individual objects, such as the desk, chair, lamp, pens, and paper to build up the representation of an “office” scene? Here, we show that temporary interruption of object processing through repetitive TMS to the left lateral occipital cortex (LO), an area known to selectively process objects, impairs object categorization but surprisingly facilitates scene categorization. This result was replicated in a second experiment, which assessed the temporal dynamics of this disruption and facilitation. We further showed that repetitive TMS to left LO significantly disrupted object processing but facilitated scene processing when stimulation was administered during the first 180 msec of the task. This demonstrates that the visual system retains the ability to process scenes during disruption to object processing. Moreover, the facilitation of scene processing indicates disinhibition of areas involved in global scene processing, likely caused by disrupting inhibitory contributions from the LO. These findings indicate separate but interactive pathways for object and scene processing and further reveal a network of inhibitory connections between these visual brain regions.
The Rapid Extraction of Gist—Early Neural Correlates of High-level Visual Processing
Authors: Oppermann Frank , Hassler Uwe , Jescheniak Jörg D. , Gruber Thomas 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The human cognitive system is highly efficient in extracting information from our visual environment. This efficiency is based on acquired knowledge that guides our attention toward relevant events and promotes the recognition of individual objects as they appear in visual scenes. The experience-based representation of such knowledge contains not only information about the individual objects but also about relations between them, such as the typical context in which individual objects co-occur. The present EEG study aimed at exploring the availability of such relational knowledge in the time course of visual scene processing, using oscillatory evoked gamma-band responses as a neural correlate for a currently activated cortical stimulus representation. Participants decided whether two simultaneously presented objects were conceptually coherent (e.g., mouse–cheese) or not (e.g., crown–mushroom). We obtained increased evoked gamma-band responses for coherent scenes compared with incoherent scenes beginning as early as 70 msec after stimulus onset within a distributed cortical network, including the right temporal, the right frontal, and the bilateral occipital cortex. This finding provides empirical evidence for the functional importance of evoked oscillatory activity in high-level vision beyond the visual cortex and, thus, gives new insights into the functional relevance of neuronal interactions. It also indicates the very early availability of experience-based knowledge that might be regarded as a fundamental mechanism for the rapid extraction of the gist of a scene.
When “It” Becomes “Mine”: Attentional Biases Triggered by Object Ownership
Authors: Turk David J. , van Bussel Kim , Brebner Joanne L. , Toma Andreea S. , Krigolson Olav , Handy Todd C. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that higher-order cognitive processes associated with the allocation of selective attention are engaged when highly familiar self-relevant items are encountered, such as one's name, face, personal possessions and the like. The goal of our study was to determine whether these effects on attentional processing are triggered on-line at the moment self-relevance is established. In a pair of experiments, we recorded ERPs as participants viewed common objects (e.g., apple, socks, and ketchup) in the context of an “ownership” paradigm, where the presentation of each object was followed by a cue indicating whether the object nominally belonged either to the participant (a “self” cue) or the experimenter (an “other” cue). In Experiment 1, we found that “self” ownership cues were associated with increased attentional processing, as measured via the P300 component. In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect while demonstrating that at a visual–perceptual level, spatial attention became more narrowly focused on objects owned by self, as measured via the lateral occipital P1 ERP component. Taken together, our findings indicate that self-relevant attention effects are triggered by the act of taking ownership of objects associated with both perceptual and postperceptual processing in cortex.