bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of volcanic glass alteration to sediment stabilization: offshore Japan
Authors: WHITE RUSSELL J. , SPINELLI GLENN A. , MOZLEY PETER S. , DUNBAR NELIA W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA minor amount (ca 1 wt%) of amorphous silica cement sourced from volcanic glass inhibits consolidation of hemipelagic sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone throughout the Shikoku Basin. The distribution and nature of the cement were examined via secondary and backscattered electron imaging. The amorphous silica occurs as altered material in contact with volcanic glass, coating grains (including grain contacts) and filling pores. Based on chemical and petrographic evidence, the cement is probably sourced from volcanic glass; this is in contrast to a previous suggestion that this silica cement is sourced dominantly from biogenic silica. Amorphous silica sourced from disseminated volcanic glass shards has the ability to form a thin coating on clay‐dominated sediment throughout the Shikoku Basin. Measured amorphous silica content in hemipelagic sediments suggests that the cementing process is active throughout the Shikoku Basin (at sites separated by >500 km). The cementation process may occur in other locations where sediment containing hydrated disseminated volcanic glass is buried sufficiently for heat to facilitate alteration (i.e. Central America, Cascadia and the Gulf of Alaska).
Late‐onset incontinence in a cohort of radical prostatectomy patients
Authors: Naselli Angelo , Simone Giuseppe , Papalia Rocco , Gallucci Michele , Introini Carlo , Andreatta Rossana , Puppo Paolo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA cohort of 235 subjects, who underwent radical prostatectomy from 1994 to 2002, completely continent at the 2‐year follow up and with the last follow‐up visit in 2009, was examined to assess incidence and risk factors of late‐onset incontinence. Median follow up was 100 months, range 84–176. At the last follow‐up visit, 209 (89%) maintained continence, and 26 (11%) became incontinent. Specifically 14 out of 26 (6%) used one pad and 12 (5%) used two or more pads daily. Incidence of age ≥65 years at radical prostatectomy was greater in the subgroup who developed late incontinence, 109/209 (52%) vs 19/26 (73%). Incidence of adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy, of hormonal manipulation and of extraprostatic disease was similar in the two subgroups. Univariate and multivariate analysis did not disclose any difference. Late‐onset incontinence is to be expected in about 10% of subjects who became completely continent after radical prostatectomy. The cause is likely to be related to ageing. Patients should be informed about the long‐term risk of becoming incontinent.
Transanal repair for treatment of rectocele in obstructed defaecation: manual or stapled
Authors: Mahmoud S. A. , Omar W. , Farid M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim  Our aim is to evaluate the results of transanal repair of rectocele, either manual or stapled, considering the anatomic, manometric and symptomatic improvement.Methods  Forty‐five female patients with obstructed defaecation due to anterior rectocele were operated on in the Colorectal Surgery Unit, Mansoura University Hospital, after history taking, detailed questionnaire analysis, barium enema, anorectal manometric studies, EMG studies, anal endosonography, balloon expulsion test, colonic transit time and defaecographic studies. Transanal manual repair was performed for 23 patients (group 1), and transanal stapled repair (group 2) was performed for 22 patients. Postoperative complications were recorded, and the patients were followed up for 1 year. Functional results were evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery by questionnaire, anorectal manometry and evacuation proctography.Results  Time of operation and hospital stay were significantly shorter in group 2. Postoperatively, there was no mortality or major morbidity. Two patients in group 1 experienced temporary anal incontinence (A3 and B1 stages). There were no reported adverse effects on sexual life, but significant clinical improvement was observed in both groups after surgery. Manometrically, there was a significant improvement in MARP, FLAC, RS, UTDV and MTV in both groups (significantly better in the early postoperative period in the stapled group). Also, follow‐up defaecographic findings showed a significant decrease in the rectocele size in all the patients.Conclusion  Transanal repair of rectocele is a safe and effective technique in improving symptomatic rectocele. Stapled repair offers the advantage of short operative time, no comorbidity, and shorter hospital stay.
C‐reactive protein is a strong predictor for anaemia in renal cell carcinoma: role of IL‐6 in overall survival
Authors: Falkensammer Claudia E. , Thurnher Martin , Leonhartsberger Nicolai , Ramoner Reinhold 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Prognostic (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)‐associated anaemia has been linked with more aggressive tumours. Metastatic RCC patients with elevated IL‐6 levels have significantly decreased haemoglobin concentrations.We elucidate the association of progression of advanced RCC with anaemia and different factors influencing tumour‐associated anaemia. Interleukin‐6 emerges as a possible target to treat cancer‐related anaemia in metastatic RCC.OBJECTIVE• To elucidate the association of progression of advanced renal cell carcinoma with anaemia and investigate factors influencing tumor‐associated anaemia.PATIENTS AND METHODS• We analyzed different clinical variables to study associations with anaemia in 86 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients.• 45 (52%) of patients had already developed anaemia prior to therapy.RESULTS• Anaemic patients had an increase in the serum markers C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL‐6 and erythropoietin (EPO). In addition we observed substantial correlation between IL‐6 and CRP serum levels (R = 0.639, P < 0.0001).• Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with IL‐6 >10 pg/mL had a considerable increase in risk for anaemia (odds ratio 3.86, P= 0.003).• In addition, patients with CRP >0.7 mg/dL had a very strong increase in risk for anaemia (OR = 14.08, P < 0.0001).• Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed CRP >0.7 mg/mL as the only independent predictor for anaemia. Cox‐regression modeling selected serum IL‐6 as the strongest independent prognostic indicator (hazard ratio 3.58, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION• Anaemia depends on serum IL‐6, which is a strong inductor of CRP and regulator of the iron‐transport. Serum IL‐6 may be considered as a target to treat cancer‐related anaemia.
Dorothy Hodgkin Lecture 2010^. From hype to hope? A journey through the genetics of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: McCarthy M. I. 
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 132–140 (2011)AbstractRecent advances in genetic analysis have enabled researchers to perform genome‐wide surveys for common DNA sequence variants associated with risk of Type 2 diabetes and related traits. Over the past 4 years, these endeavours have extended the number of proven Type 2 diabetes‐susceptibility loci from a handful to the current total of over 40. Each of these loci provides an opportunity to uncover insights into the biology of glucose regulation and the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes, insights which should support clinical translation to identify novel ways of treating and preventing disease. Here, I describe (i) progress in identification of diabetes‐susceptibility loci; (ii) biological insights that have been gained in the relatively short period since these loci were discovered; and (iii) the challenges that need to be addressed if we are to maximize the translational benefits of this research.
A new hybrid recommendation algorithm with privacy
Authors: Renckes Sahin , Polat Huseyin , Oysal Yusuf 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProviding accurate and dependable recommendations efficiently while preserving privacy is essential for e‐commerce sites to recruit new customers and keep the existing ones. Such sites might be able to increase their sales and profits while customers can obtain precise and trustworthy predictions if they use appropriate collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms without deeply jeopardizing users' privacy. We propose a new recommendation algorithm, which is a hybrid‐memory and model‐based algorithm to generate truthful referrals efficiently. Moreover, we use randomization techniques to preserve users' privacy while still offering CF services with decent accuracy. We perform real data‐based trials and analyse our proposed schemes in terms of privacy, accuracy, and performance.
Classifiers sensitive to external context – theory and applications to video sequences
Authors: Rafajłowicz Ewaryst 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn external context like weather conditions, lighting, etc. influences classification results, but it is frequently omitted in a mathematical model of the problem at hand. Our aim is to propose a mathematical model, which extends the Bayesian problem of pattern recognition by incorporating external context variables. They are implanted as functions, which influence parameters of class distributions. We prove that context variables influence a shape or a position of the optimal class separating surface, without enlarging the dimensionality of a pattern space. Thus, one can treat the proposed extended Bayesian model as a fusion of patterns and external context variables, embedded into the same pattern space. Then, learning algorithms for neural network classifiers are proposed, which take context variables into account.
Social context, stress, and plasticity of aging
Authors: Amdam Gro V. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryPositive social contact is an important factor in healthy aging, but our understanding of how social interactions influence senescence is incomplete. As life expectancy continues to increase because of reduced death rates among elderly, the beneficial role of social relationships is emerging as a cross‐cutting theme in research on aging and healthspan. There is a need to improve knowledge on how behavior shapes, and is shaped by, the social environment, as well as needs to identify and study biological mechanisms that can translate differences in the social aspects of behavioral efforts, relationships, and stress reactivity (the general physiological and behavioral response‐pattern to harmful, dangerous or unpleasant situations) into variation in aging. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide a genetic model in sociobiology, behavioral neuroscience, and gerontology that is uniquely sensitive to social exchange. Different behavioral contact between these social insects can shorten or extend lifespan more than 10‐fold, and some aspects of their senescence are reversed by social cues that trigger aged individuals to express youthful repertoires of behavior. Here, I summarize how variation in social interactions contributes to this plasticity of aging and explain how beneficial and detrimental roles of social relationships can be traced from environmental and biological effects on honey bee physiology and behavior, to the expression of recovery‐related plasticity, stress reactivity, and survival during old age. This system provides intriguing opportunities for research on aging.
Convict Transportation from Britain and Ireland 1615–1870
Authors: Maxwell‐Stewart Hamish 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn 1787, the First Fleet was dispatched from the British Isles to find a penal settlement at Botany Bay, Australia. By this time, the British government had already experimented with convict transportation for over 160 years. The aim of this article is to place the history of transportation to Australia within the context of the wider flow of convict labour from the British Isles in the period 1615 to 1870. Using data from a range of sources it attempts to chart and explain fluctuations in the number of convicts transported over time. It also seeks to explore how the integration of convict labour within the transatlantic market in unfree labour‐shaped British penal policy in the long‐run. Such an analysis is useful in explaining the differing impacts that transportation had on the prisoners who experienced it and the intensity with which it was opposed in the 19th century by the British anti‐slavery movement. Geographically the article explores these issues in relation to transportation to the New World (especially Barbados, Jamaica, Maryland and Virginia), West Africa, New South Wales, Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania), Western Australia, Bermuda and Gibraltar.
Religion and the Enlightenment(s)
Authors: Sandberg John M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article focuses on the ‘relationship’ between ‘science’ and ‘religion’ in the ‘Enlightenment’. It shows through a ‘historiographical’ survey of the last half‐century how our understanding of the ‘Enlightenment’ has evolved, and with it the assumptions pertaining to the relationship between religion and science have undergone a series of revisions. From seeing the Enlightenment as a single‐minded project aiming to rid the world of organized religion and its concomitant superstitions to appreciating the multifaceted nature of the century with its local variations has made historians question the very idea ofanEnlightenment. The old consensus narrative invoked by a ‘rise of modern paganism’ theory along with a tendency to view the secularizing effects upon society as inevitable have by now ceased its hold over the ‘historical imagination’. The situation was remarkably different in country to country: In France, ‘Materialist’‘philosophes’ such as Voltaire, d’Holbach, and Diderot launched a vituperative campaign to erase what they saw as the infamy of organized religion. Across the channel, however, the situation was far from that polarized. In Britain, a number of the most prominent ‘natural philosophers’ of the day were actually devout believers despite their scientific interests. From seeing the ‘Enlightenment’ as a ‘teleological project’ which apotheosis was ‘secularizing’ eighteenth century society, we now have a much more nuanced and complete picture of the ‘long eighteenth century’ and its relationship between science and religion. It has thus been suggested that there were several enlightenments spread both in terms of geography and time. Portraying a spectrum of Enlightenments, either compartmentalized in a national context or thematically distinguished – recent revisionist literature has come a long way from the old consensus thesis.
Treatment of Migraine With Occipital Nerve Blocks Using Only Corticosteroids
Authors: Tobin Joshua , Flitman Stephen 
Published: November 2010

(Headache 2011;51:155‐162)The indications for using steroids when performing occipital nerve blocks (ONBs) are not completely clear. We report a patient with chronic migraines who was allergic to local anesthetics, for whom ONBs using only corticosteroid proved useful. To our knowledge, this is only published case describing the effects of ONBs using only corticosteroid, without local anesthetic.
A Randomized Clinical Trial on Preventing Pressure Ulcers with Wheelchair Seat Cushions
Authors: Brienza David , Kelsey Sheryl , Karg Patricia , Allegretti Ana , Olson Marian , Schmeler Mark , Zanca Jeanne , Geyer Mary Jo , Kusturiss Marybeth , Holm Margo 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of skin protection wheelchair seat cushions in preventing pressure ulcers in the elderly nursing home population.DESIGN: Clinical trial with participants assigned at random to a skin protection or segmented foam cushion. Two hundred thirty‐two participants were recruited between June 2004 and May 2008 and followed for 6 months or until pressure ulcer incidence.SETTING: Twelve nursing homes.PARTICIPANTS: Nursing home residents aged 65 and older who were using wheelchairs for 6 or more hours per day and had a Braden score of 18 or less and a combined Braden activity and mobility score of 5 or less. Participants were recruited from a referred sample.INTERVENTION: All participants were provided with a fitted wheelchair and randomized into skin protection (SPC, n=113) or segmented foam (SFC, n=119) cushion groups. The SPC group received an air, viscous fluid and foam, or gel and foam cushion. The SFC group received a 7.6‐cm crosscut foam cushion.MEASUREMENTS: Pressure ulcer incidence over 6 months for wounds near the ischial tuberosities (IT ulcers) were measured. Secondary analysis was performed on combined IT ulcers and ulcers over the sacrum and coccyx (sacral ulcers).RESULTS: One hundred eighty participants reached a study end point, and 42 were lost to follow‐up. Ten did not receive the intervention. There were eight (6.7%) IT ulcers in the SFC group and one (0.9%) in the SPC group (P=.04). There were 21 (17.6%) combined IT and sacral ulcers in the SFC group and 12 (10.6%) in the SPC group (P=.14).CONCLUSION: Skin protection cushions used with fitted wheelchairs lower pressure ulcer incidence for elderly nursing home residents and should be used to help prevent pressure ulcers.
Mature endothelium and neurons are simultaneously derived from embryonic stem cells by 2Din vitroculture system
Authors: Noghero Alessio , Arese Marco , Bussolino Federico , Gualandris Anna 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe connections existing between vessels and nerves go beyond the structural architecture of vascular and nervous systems to comprise cell fate determination. The analysis of functional/molecular links that interconnect endothelial and neural commitments requires a model in which the two differentiation programs take place at the same time in an artificial controllable environment. To this regard, this work presents anin vitromodel to differentiate embryonic stem (ES) cells simultaneously into mature neurons and endothelial cells. Murine ES cells are differentiated within an artificial environment composed of PA6 stromal cells and a serum‐free medium. Upon these basal culture conditions ES cells preferentially differentiate into neurons. The addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) to the medium allows the simultaneous maturation of neurons and endothelial cells, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 drives endothelial differentiation to the disadvantage of neural commitment. The responsiveness of the system to exogenous cytokines was confirmed by genes expression analysis that revealed a significant up‐regulation of endothelial genes in presence of FGF2 and a massive down‐regulation of the neural markers in response to BMP4. Furthermore, the role played by single genes in determining endothelial and neural fate can be easily explored by knocking down the expression of the target gene with lentiviruses carrying the corresponding shRNA sequence. The possibility to address the neural and the endothelial fate separately or simultaneously by exogenous stimuli combined with an efficient gene silencing strategy make this model an optimal tool to identify environmental signals and genes pathways involved in both endothelial and neural specification.
Peptides that bind the HIV‐1 integrase and modulate its enzymatic activity – kinetic studies and mode of action
Authors: Levin Aviad , Benyamini Hadar , Hayouka Zvi , Friedler Assaf , Loyter Abraham 
Published: November 2010

Several peptides that specifically bind the HIV‐1 integrase (IN) and either inhibit or stimulate its enzymatic activity were developed in our laboratories. Kinetic studies using 3′‐end processing and strand‐transfer assays were performed to study the mode of action of these peptides. The effects of the various peptides on the interaction between IN and its substrate DNA were also studied by fluorescence anisotropy. On the basis of our results, we divided these IN‐interacting peptides into three groups: (a) IN‐inhibitory peptides, whose binding to IN decrease its affinity for the substrate DNA – these peptides increased the Km of the IN–DNA interaction, and were thus inhibitory; (b) peptides that slightly increased the Km of the IN–DNA interaction, but in addition modified the Vmax and Kcat values of the IN, and thus stimulated or inhibited IN activity, respectively; and (c) peptides that bound IN but had no effect on its enzymatic activity. We elucidated the approximate binding sites of the peptides in the structure of IN, providing structural insights into their mechanism of action. The IN‐stimulating peptide bound IN in several specific sites that did not bind any of the inhibitory peptides. This may account for its unique activity.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐8053571, MINT‐8053597, MINT‐8053615, MINT‐8053633, MINT‐8053651, MINT‐8053669, MINT‐8053687, MINT‐8053705, MINT‐8053723, MINT‐8053741, MINT‐8053759, MINT‐8053777, MINT‐8053795, MINT‐8053814, MINT‐8053836, MINT‐8053854, MINT‐8053872, MINT‐8053890, MINT‐8053908, MINT‐8053926, MINT‐8053944, MINT‐8053962, MINT‐8053980, MINT‐8053998, MINT‐8054037, MINT‐8054145, MINT‐8054163: IN (uniprotkb:P04585) binds (MI:0407) to IN‐alpha5 (uniprotkb:P04585) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐8053074, MINT‐8053093, MINT‐8053115, MINT‐8053135, MINT‐8053154, MINT‐8053173, MINT‐8053190, MINT‐8053207, MINT‐8053224, MINT‐8053241, MINT‐8053257, MINT‐8053273, MINT‐8053289, MINT‐8053305, MINT‐8053321, MINT‐8053337, MINT‐8053353, MINT‐8053370, MINT‐8053386, MINT‐8053402, MINT‐8055897: IN (uniprotkb:P04585) binds (MI:0407) to LEDGF (uniprotkb:O75475) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
MINT‐8053418, MINT‐8053442, MINT‐8053458, MINT‐8053474, MINT‐8053506, MINT‐8053523, MINT‐8053539, MINT‐8053555: IN (uniprotkb:P04585) binds (MI:0407) to Rev (uniprotkb:P69718) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (MI:0411)
Allelic Analyses of theArabidopsis YUC1Locus Reveal Residues and Domains Essential for the Functions of YUC Family of Flavin Monooxygenases
Authors: Hou Xianhui , Liu Sainan , Pierri Florencia , Dai Xinhua , Qu Li‐Jia , Zhao Yunde 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFlavin monooxygenases (FMOs) play critical roles in plant growth and development by synthesizing auxin and other signaling molecules. However, the structure and function relationship within plant FMOs is not understood. Here we defined the important residues and domains of theArabidopsisYUC1 FMO, a key enzyme in auxin biosynthesis. We previously showed that simultaneous inactivation ofYUC1and its homologueYUC4caused severe defects in vascular and floral development. We mutagenized theyuc4mutant and screened for mutants with phenotypes similar to those ofyuc1 yuc4double mutants. Among the isolated mutants, five of them contained mutations in theYUC1gene. Interestingly, the mutations identified in the newyuc1alleles were concentrated in the two GXGXXG motifs that are highly conserved among the plant FMOs. One such motif presumably binds to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and the other binds to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). We also identified the Ser139to Phe conversion inyuc1, a mutation that is located between the two nucleotide‐binding sites. By analyzing a series ofyuc1mutants, we identified key residues and motifs essential for the functions of YUC1 FMO.