bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Ready to Serve Tilapia Fish Curry with PUFA in Retortable Pouches
Authors: Dhanapal K. , Reddy G.V.S. , Nayak B.B. , Basu S. , Shashidhar K. , Venkateshwarlu G. , Chouksey M.K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Studies on the physical, chemical, and microbiological qualities of fresh tilapia meat revealed its suitability for the preparation of ready to eat fish curry packed in retort pouches. Studies on the fatty acid profile of tilapia meat suggest fortification with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to increase the nutritional value. Based on the commercial sterility, sensory evaluation, color, and texture profile analysis F0 value of 6.94 and cook value of 107.24, with a total process time of 50.24 min at 116 °C was satisfactory for the development of tilapia fish curry in retort pouches. Thermally processed ready to eat south Indian type tilapia fish curry fortified with PUFA was developed and its keeping quality studied at ambient temperature. During storage, a slight increase in the fat content of fish meat was observed, with no significant change in the contents of moisture, protein, and ash. The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of fish curry significantly increased during storage. Fish curry fortified with 1% cod liver oil and fish curry without fortification (control) did not show any significant difference in the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during thermal processing and storage. Sensory analysis revealed that fortification of fish curry with cod liver oil had no impact on the quality. Tilapia fish curry processed at 116 °C and F0 value of 7.0 (with or without fortification of cod liver oil) was fit for consumption, even after a period of 1‐y storage in retort pouch.Practical Application:  Tilapia is a lean variety of fish with white flesh and therefore an ideal choice as raw material for the development of ready to serve fish products such as fish curry in retort pouches for both domestic and international markets. Ready to eat thermal processed (116 °C and F0 value of 7.0) south Indian type tilapia fish curry enriched with PUFA and packed in retort pouch was acceptable for consumption even after a storage period of 1 y at ambient temperature.
Concentration and Application Order Effects of Sodium Benzoate and Eugenol Mixtures on the Growth Inhibition of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces Bailii
Authors: Dai Yumei , McLandsborough Lynne A. , Weiss Jochen , Peleg Micha 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii cells was monitored in the presence of sodium benzoate and eugenol alone or combined. The two antimicrobials’ concentration, addition order, and timing were varied to determine and quantify any additive inhibitory effect on the yeasts. The yeast growth was also followed in the presence of ethanol, which served as solubilizer, at pertinent concentrations. The growth patterns are depicted as adjusted optical density compared with time curves. They all had sigmoid shape, described mathematically by a shifted logistic model that had an almost perfect fit to the data. The model's 3 parameters accounted for the curve's asymptote, the location of its inflection point and slope, which are rough measures of the overall growth level and its degree of suppression, the time to reach the peak growth rate and its retardation, and the overall growth rate, respectively. Maximum growth inhibition was achieved when the sodium benzoate and eugenol were administered together or alone in full dose. When each was administered alone but in 2 half dose additions, their efficacy dropped. When they were used together but added sequentially with a 24 h pause, their administration order had a noticeable effect on the treatment's efficacy, which depended on their respective concentrations. These observations are presented in a slightly modified version of the “hurdle” ideogram. They suggest that sequencing the administration of antimicrobials can be a simple tool to probe their mode of activity and quantify their efficacy.Practical Application:  Reducing the amount of additives in foods is a goal pursued by many branches of the food industry. In microbial growth suppression, a promising way to accomplish such a reduction is through the administration of 2 or more antimicrobials, preferably natural, exploiting their synergism. To search for effective combinations, in respect to type and concentration, one needs an insight into their mode of activity. Sequencing their administration, as demonstrated with 2 antimicrobials and 2 common yeasts that are involved in beverage spoilage, has offered a simple way to probe into certain aspects of the effect of antimicrobial combinations on microorganisms. The presented algebraic growth model enables to quantify, separately, the growth overall suppression, its retardation, and lowering its peak rate. The proposed modified version of the “hurdles paradigm” helps to visualize the differences in the antimicrobials’ general mode of activity and how it is affected by their sequencing.
Use of UV‐C Treatment to Inhibit the Microbial Growth and Maintain the Quality of Yali Pear
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Qian , Cui Yang , Yan Jiaqi , Cao Jiankang , Zhao Yumei , Jiang Weibo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The effects of UV‐C radiation on microbial growth in vitro (Monilinia fruticola) and in inoculated Yali pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) were investigated. Moreover, postharvest quality and the activities of defense and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed after the pears were exposed to UV‐C irradiation at an energy level of 5 kJ m−2.The results showed that spore germination of M. fructicola was significantly inhibited by each of the 3 doses (1, 5, and 10 kJ m−2) in vitro. In the in vivo assays, lesion diameter on the fruit being inoculated before or after the UV‐C treatment was both significantly lower than that on the fruit of control. Meanwhile, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase were induced to high levels by UV‐C treatment. We conclude that UV‐C treatment could reduce postharvest disease by the germicidal and induced effects and maintain the quality by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.Practical Application:  UV‐C radiation has recently been proposed as a new technology to avoid chemical fungicides. However, there are few studies regarding the effect of UV‐C treatment on Yali pear. In this study, we found that 5 kJ m−2 UV‐C irradiation can control postharvest disease and maintain the quality of Yali pear. This method may be applied to reduce the decay of Yali pears during exporting and storage.
Ohmic Heating of Peaches in the Wide Range of Frequencies (50 Hz to 1 MHz)
Authors: Shynkaryk Mykola V. , Ji Taehyun , Alvarez Valente B. , Sastry Sudhir K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The ohmic heating (OH) rate of peaches was studied at fixed electric field strength of 60 V.cm−1, square‐shaped instant reversal bipolar pulses, and frequencies varying within 50 Hz to 1 MHz. Thermal damage of tissue was evaluated from electrical admittivity. It showed that the time for half disruption (τT) of tissue was required more than 10 h at temperatures below 40 °C. However, cellular thermal disruption occurred almost instantly (τT < 1 s) at high temperatures (> 90 °C). Electrical conductivity σo and admittivity σo* of tissue at To= 0 °C and their temperature coefficients (m, m*) were calculated. For freeze–thawed tissues, σ and σ* as well as m and m* were nearly indifferent to the frequency. However, for the intact tissue, both σo, σo* and m, m* were frequency dependent. For freeze–thawed product, the power factor (P) was approximately equal to 1 and indifferent to the frequency and temperature. On the other hand, strong frequency dependence was observed for intact tissue with the minimum P approximately equal to 0.68 in the range of tens of kHz. The time required to reach a target temperature tf was evaluated. The tf increased with frequency up to the middle of the range of tens of kHz and thereafter continuously decreased. Samples exposed to the low‐frequency electric field demonstrated faster electro‐thermal damage rates. The textural relaxation data supported more intense damage kinetics at low‐frequency OH. It has been demonstrated that a combination of high‐frequency OH with pasteurization at moderate temperature followed by rapid cooling minimizes texture degradation of peach tissue.Practical Application:  In this study, we investigated the electric field frequency effect on the rate of OH of peaches. It was shown that the time required for reaching the target temperature is strongly dependent upon the frequency. Samples exposed to low‐frequency OH demonstrated higher electro‐thermal damage rates. It has been shown that the combination of high‐frequency OH with pasteurization at moderate temperature followed by rapid cooling minimizes texture degradation of peach tissue. Obtained results provide new information on the impact of electric field frequency on OH, which is useful for OH process design.
Sensory and Physicochemical Characterization of Juices Made with Pomegranate and Blueberries, Blackberries, or Raspberries
Authors: Vázquez‐Araújo Laura , Chambers IV Edgar , Adhikari Koushik , Carbonell‐Barrachina Ángel A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The quality parameters of 1 commercial pomegranate juice mixed with 5 different concentrations of blueberry, blackberry, or raspberry juices were studied. The pH, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content were determined. To understand the aroma differences of the juices, solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatile compounds present in the mixtures. A consumer study also was carried out to relate consumer ratings to the instrumental data and to determine acceptance and possible modifications of the designed juices. Four juices received the highest scores in overall consumer liking: pomegranate/blueberry juice with 20% and 50% of blueberry, pomegranate/blackberry with 10% of blackberry, and pomegranate/raspberry with 10% of raspberry. The main characteristics in these juices were: a high maturity index (from 13.9 to 16.5), low acidity (0.79 to 1.09 g citric acid 100 per milliliter juice), and the presence of aromatic compounds typical in blueberries such as 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, α‐terpineol, and E‐nerol. The total phenolic content was significantly higher in the pomegranate/blackberry 90%/10% sample, raising around 3500 mg gallic acid equivalents per liter, and could be a positive determinant for consumers interested in purchasing healthful products.Practical Application:  The data presented in this article will help the juice industry, in the United States and elsewhere, to understand the consumer's preferences for pomegranate blended juices. Pomegranate juices have high antioxidant content, which makes these juices more desirable for the health‐conscious consumer of today.
Les enseignements politiques tirés de l'expérience d'autrui et des échanges internationaux en matière d'assurance sociale des soins de santé de longue durée: Allemagne, Japon et République de Corée
Authors: Campbell John Creighton , Ikegami Naoki , Kwon Soonman 
Published: September 2010

RésuméDe nombreux pays développés ont récemment décidé d'adopter des systèmes complets de soins de santé de longue durée (SSLT). Outre les explications conventionnelles de ces changements de politique, qui sont basées sur des facteurs nationaux, il conviendrait d'étudier les enseignements que l'on peut tirer de ce qui se passe à l'étranger. Nous nous concentrerons sur le modèle d'assurance sociale des SSLT, et en particulier sur la façon dont le Japon a tiré des leçons de ce qu'avait fait l'Allemagne, et comme la République de Corée a profité de l'expérience du Japon. Nous suggérerons un certain nombre d'approches quant à la façon de considérer les enseignements politiques généraux tirés de l'expérience d'autrui et des échanges internationaux spécialisés.
Sozialrenten und politisches Lernen am Fallbeispiel des südlichen Afrikas
Authors: Casey Bernard H. , McKinnon Roddy 
Published: September 2010

AuszugIm letzten Jahrzehnt und insbesondere seit der Veröffentlichung der Jahrtausend‐Entwicklungsziele der Vereinten Nationen (Millennium Development Goals), stoßen die Sozialrenten auf das Interesse der an der Wohlfahrt älterer Menschen Interessierten in großen Teilen der Welt, in denen formale, beitragsgestützte Altersrentensysteme nur eine Bevölkerungsminderheit abdecken. Die internationalen Organisationen richten ihr Augenmerk auf diese Systeme, und einige davon weisen ihnen eine wichtige Rolle zu. Allerdings sind Informationen über ihre Beschaffenheit und Funktionsweise sowie ihre Effizienz bezüglich ihrer Zielsetzungen immer noch beschränkt. Es fand hier nicht nur in den internationalen Organisationen ein Lernprozess statt, sondern auch in der Region, in der sie eine besondere Stellung einnehmen — im südlichen Afrika. Dieser Lernprozess sollte gefördert werden und die Internationale Vereinigung für Soziale Sicherheit sollte hier eine Rolle spielen.
Prevalence and Severity of Dental Caries among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Niendorff William J. , Jones Candace M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Objectives:This paper reports findings from the 1991IHS Patient Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs Survey (1991 IHS patient survey) and presents trends in caries among American Indian and Alaska Native (Native American) populations since 1957. Methods: The 1991 IHS patient survey obtained data from approximately 10 percent (25,000) of the dental patients seen annually at IHS, tribal, and urban Indian clinics. The results of this survey are compared descriptively with previous surveys conducted by the IHS beginning in 1957. Results: Findings from the 1991 IHS patient survey indicate that Native Americans experience a much higher prevalence of dental caries in their primary and permanent dentitions than the general US population. However, caries rates in Native American children peaked in 1983‐84 and have been going down since that time. Conclusions: While progress has been made in preventing dental caries among Native Americans, the high prevalence and severity at all ages in this rapidly growing population have resulted in a large backlog of untreated disease with an overwhelming demand on the resources available to provide care. Continued emphasis on dental caries prevention and health promotion is an important part of the solution. New strategies such as targeting preventive services toward individuals and groups with the highest risk of disease and the use of modern conservative treatment methods to control disease must be employed. Full implementation of these strategies and identification of the resources required will depend upon new and ongoing partnerships among tribes, federal and state governments, and the private sector.
A Review of the Oral Health of American Indian and Alaska Native Elders
Authors: Jones David B. , Niendorff William J. , Broderick Eric B. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Objectives: This paper reviews the demographics, access to care barriers, and the oral health of American Indian and Alaska Native (Native American) elders aged 65 years and older using complete tooth loss as a measure to compare with the US population. Strategies for improving oral health and increasing access to care for Native American elders also are discussed. Methods: We reviewed the results from patient surveys conducted by the Indian Health Service (1983‐84 and 1991) and data from other sources, including the second International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS‐II) conducted in 1990 on the Sioux and Navajo reservations. We compared complete tooth loss data from these studies with findings of the 1985 National Institute of Dental Research Oral Health Survey of US Employed Adults and Seniors and the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Results: The 1991 Indian Health Service (IHS) patient survey reported a complete tooth loss prevalence of 42 percent among elders. Although it is based on a patient sample, this finding is comparable to the rate of 40 percent found among a random sample of Navajo and Lakota adults aged 65–74 years reported in the ICS‐II study. The 1991 IHS patient survey also found complete tooth loss among diabetics to be much higher than among nondiabetics. Conclusions: The prevalence of complete tooth loss for Native American elders is higher than in population surveys of US elders based on random samples. The actual prevalence of complete tooth loss is probably even higher in Native American elders because estimates presented in this paper are clinic based.
The Impact of HIV on Oral Health and Subsequent Use of Dental Services
Authors: Dobalian Aram , Andersen Ronald M. , Stein Judith A. , Hays Ron D. , Cunningham William E. , Marcus Marvin 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Objective: This study examined differences in health and access to dental services among a nationally representative sample of patients with HIV using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Methods: This investigation is a longitudinal study that used structural equation modeling to analyze data from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study, a probability sample of 2,864 adults under treatment for HIV infection. Key predisposing variables included sex, drug use, race/ethnicity, education, and age. Enabling factors included income, insurance, and regular source of care. Need factors included mental, physical, and oral health. Dependent variables included whether a respondent utilized dental services and number of visits. Results: More education, dental insurance, usual source of dental care, and poor oral health predicted a higher probability of having a dental visit. African Americans, Hispanics, those exposed to HIV through drug use or heterosexual contact, and those in poor physical health were less likely to have a dental visit. Of those who visited dental professionals, older persons, those with dental insurance, and those in worse oral health had more visits. African Americans and persons in poor mental health had fewer visits. Conclusions: Persons with more HIV‐related symptoms and a diagnosis of AIDS have a greater need for dental care than those with fewer symptoms and without AIDS, but more pressing needs for physical and mental health services limit their access to dental services. Providers should better attend to the oral health needs of persons with HIV who are in poor physical and mental health.
The Association Between Tooth Loss and Coronary Heart Disease in Men and Women
Authors: Hung Hsin‐Chia , Joshipura Kaumudi J. , Colditz Graham , Manson JoAnn E. , Rimm Eric B. , Speizer Frank E. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper evaluates the relation of tooth loss to incidence of coronary heart disease in two large cohort studies. Methods: Participants included 41,407 men and 58,974 women free of any cardiovascular diseases at baseline. We recorded 1,654 incident coronary heart disease events (562 fatal events) among men during 12 years of follow‐up and 544 events (158 fatal events) among women during 6 years of follow‐up. Results: After controlling for important cardiovascular risk factors, compared to men with 25–32 teeth at baseline, men with 0–10 teeth had a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR]/1.36; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]/1.11, 1.67). The relative risk increased to 1.79 (95% CI/1.34, 2.40) when limited to fatal events. Women with 0–10 teeth were also at increased risk of coronary heart disease compared to women with 25–32 teeth (RR/1.64; 95% CI/1.31, 2.05). The association was similar for fatal events (RR/1.65; 95% CI=1.11, 2.46). The association between number of teeth and incidence of coronary heart disease was similar between men with and without a history of periodontal disease, and there was no significant association between tooth loss during follow‐up and coronary heart disease. Conclusions: This study showed a significant association between number of teeth at baseline and risk of coronary heart disease and the mechanisms to explain this association should be further clarified. [J Public Health Dent 2004;64(4):209–15]
Routine Dental Visits Are Associated with Tooth Retention in Brazilian Adults: the Pró‐Saúde Study
Authors: Cunha‐Cruz Joana , Nadanovsky Paulo , Faerstein Eduardo , Lopes Claudia S. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the effect of routine visits for dental check‐up on tooth loss. Methods: In a cross‐sectional study of university employees, the Rio de Janeiro Pró‐Saúde Study, tooth loss was measured as the reported number of missing teeth and routine dental visit as the reported pattern and frequency of visits to the dentist. Results: Data were obtained from 4,030 individuals (91% of eligible subjects). Odds ratio of excessive tooth loss (“many” or “all” teeth lost) was 2.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]/1.79,2.72) for subjects who reported visiting the dentist only when in trouble and 1.17 (95% CI=0.90, 1.51) for subjects who reported visiting for routine dental checks every two years or less frequently, compared with those who reported visiting for dental checks at least annually, after controlling for age, sex, education, income, race, smoking, and diet. Conclusions: There was a positive effect of routine visits for dental check‐up on maintaining teeth. This effect was the same for one year and two years or longer intervals between check‐ups. [J Public Health Dent 2004;64(4):216–22]
Use of Preexisting Radiographs for Assessing Periodontal Disease in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Pitiphat Waranuch , Crohin Constant , Williams Paige , Merchant Anwar T. , Douglass Chester W. , Colditz Graham A. , Joshipura Kaumudi J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study evaluates the feasibility of obtaining preexisting dental radiographs by mail, the validity of assessing alveolar bone loss from posterior radiographs compared to full mouth, and the validity of alveolar bone loss assessed from radiographs taken at different times. Methods: This investigation uses data obtained for a study evaluating associations between oral conditions, blood biomarkers, and coronary heart disease within two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. If consenting participants had dental radiographs, we requested these radiographs from their dentists. Some dentists returned multiple sets of radiographs, which enabled us to conduct this study. A calibrated periodontist read all radiographs with good intraexaminer reliability (r=0.91). We compared posterior radiographs to full mouth (n=121 sets), as well as radiographs taken at different times (mean difference of 5 years) (n=102 pairs). Results: Of the 812 participants, 81 percent consented and 66 percent provided radiographs. Posterior radiographs underestimated periodontitis (≥1 site with ≥5 mm alveolar bone loss) prevalence by 6 percent (53.7% vs 57.0%) compared to full mouth, with sensitivity of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]/0.86, 0.98) and specificity of 1. Spearman correlation coefficients comparing mean alveolar bone loss were 0.70 for anterior versus posterior teeth (mean difference/0.48), 0.92 for posterior teeth versus full mouth (mean difference/0.25), and 0.78 for pairs of radiographs taken at different times (mean difference=0.01). The kappa statistic was 0.70 comparing radiographs taken within 5 years and 0.29 when the period extended beyond 5 years. Conclusion: Preexisting radiographs are feasible for use in epidemiologic studies and provide valid assessments of periodontal disease. [J Public Health Dent 2004;64(4):223–30]