bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations near rock slopes using the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion
Authors: Saada Z. , Maghous S. , Garnier D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations resting on a modified Hoek–Brown rock mass is investigated within the framework of the kinematic approach of limit analysis theory. The analysis focuses on evaluating the reduction in bearing capacity induced by seismic loading and by the proximity of a rock slope. A pseudo‐static approach is adopted to account for the earthquake effects for the seismic bearing capacity evaluations. At the rock material level, the closed‐form expressions previously obtained for the support functions of the rock failure criterion allow the implementation of different failure mechanisms families, and thus to derive rigorous upper bounds estimates of the load‐bearing capacity in both static and seismic conditions. The effects of geometrical, strength and loading parameters are assessed through a large number of parametric computations. Finally, design tables are presented for practical use in rock engineering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental analysis of kaolinite particle orientation during triaxial path
Authors: Hattab Mahdia , Fleureau Jean‐Marie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe goal of this study was to analyze the relation between the behaviour of a clayey material at the macroscopic scale and its microfabric evolution. This may lead to a better understanding of macroscopic strain mechanisms especially the contractancy and dilatancy phenomena. The approach proposed in this paper is based on the study of clay particles orientation by SEM picture analysis after different phases of triaxial loading. In the initial state of the samples (one‐dimensional compression), the SEM observations highlight a microstructural anisotropy with a preferential orientation of the particles normal to the loading direction. During isotropic loading, densification of the clayey matrix occurs related to a random orientation of particles indicated by the term ‘depolarization’. In the earlier stages of constant σ3 drained triaxial path on slightly overconsolidated specimens, the microstructural depolarization seems to persist inside a macroscopic domain, in which only the volumetric strains due to the isotropic part of the stress tensor evolve. Then, a rotation mechanism of the particles towards preferred directions seems to be activated. The phenomenon appears directly linked to the evolution of the deviatoric part of the stress tensor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo31P MRS detection of an alkaline inorganic phosphate pool with short T1 in human resting skeletal muscle
Authors: Kan H. E. , Klomp D. W. J. , Wong C. S. , Boer V. O. , Webb A. G. , Luijten P. R. , Jeneson J. A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNon‐invasive determination of mitochondrial content is an important objective in clinical and sports medicine. 31P MRS approaches to obtain information on this parameter at low field strength typically require in‐magnet exercise. Direct observation of the intra‐mitochondrial inorganic phosphate (Pi) pool in resting muscle would constitute an alternative, simpler method. In this study, we exploited the higher spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise at 7T to investigate the MR visibility of this metabolite pool. 31P in vivo MR spectra of the resting soleus (SOL) muscle were obtained with 1H MR image‐guided surface coil localization (six volunteers) and of the SOL and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle using 2D CSI (five volunteers). A resonance at a frequency 0.38 ppm downfield from the cytosolic Pi resonance (Pi1; pH 7.0 ± 0.04) was reproducibly detected in the SOL muscle in all subjects and conditionally attributed to the intra‐mitochondrial Pi pool (Pi2; pH 7.3 ± 0.07). In the SOL muscle, the Pi2/Pi1 ratio was 1.6 times higher compared to the TA muscle in the same individual. Localized 3D CSI results showed that the Pi2 peak was present in voxels well away from blood vessels. Determination of the T1 of the two Pi pools in a single individual using adiabatic excitation of the spectral region around 5 ppm yielded estimates of 4.3 ± 0.4 s vs 1.4 ± 0.5 s for Pi1 and Pi2, respectively. Together, these results suggest that the intra‐mitochondrial Pi pool in resting human skeletal muscle may be visible with 31P MRS at high field. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study and restudy of curated skeletal collections in bioarchaeology: A perspective on the UK and the implications for future curation of human remains
Authors: Roberts C. , Mays S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper considers the bioarchaeological study and restudy of human skeletal remains in museums and other institutions that curate human remains from archaeological sites. Papers published from 1990 to 2009 in the Journal of Archaeological Science, Journal of Paleopathology, American Journal of Physical Anthropology and International Journal of Osteoarchaeology were considered and contributions dealing with skeletal remains from UK archaeological sites were assessed. There were 258 papers published that matched these criteria and 352 instances when a skeletal collection had been analysed. Seventy‐nine per cent of the papers were based on skeletal samples curated in five geographic areas, London, Bradford, Portsmouth, Canterbury and York; the two sites that were most used were those of Wharram Percy, North Yorkshire, curated in Portmouth at English Heritage, and Christ Church, Spitalfields, curated at the Natural History Museum, London. Reasons for this concentration of research are suggested. It is recommended that the ‘use load’ should be better and more evenly spread around skeletal samples in other geographic areas of the UK in order that knowledge is not limited just to a few skeletal collections, and that a centralised database of skeletal collections curated by different institutions would contribute to this aim. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barrett's oesophageal adenocarcinoma encompasses tumour‐initiating cells that do not express common cancer stem cell markers
Authors: Grotenhuis Brechtje A , Dinjens Winand NM , Wijnhoven Bas PL , Sonneveld Petra , Sacchetti Andrea , Franken Patrick F , van Dekken Herman , Tilanus Hugo W , van Lanschot J Jan B , Fodde Riccardo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAccumulating evidence has suggested that tumours have a hierarchical organization in which only the cancer stem cells (CSCs) have tumour‐initiating properties. Several surface antigens have been employed to isolate CSCs from various malignancies, although not from oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We tested whether Barrett's oesophagus (BE) and EA might serve as a model for the CSC concept. In vivo assays were performed by transplantation of serially diluted bulk EA cells into NOD‐SCID mice to establish the presence and frequency of tumour‐initiating cells. These were found to be present as ca. 1 in 64 000 cells. The transplanted tumours fully recapitulated the primary lesions. Subsequently, a panel of previously established CSC markers was employed for immunohistochemistry. CD24, CD29 and CD44 showed heterogeneous staining in EA. Nuclear β‐catenin accumulation increased during progression from metaplasia to dysplasia and was often observed in the basal compartment with CD24 and CD29 staining. However, the overall staining patterns were not such to clearly point out specific candidate markers. Accordingly, all markers were employed to sort the corresponding subpopulations of cancer cells and transplant them at low multiplicities in NOD‐SCID mice. No increased tumour‐initiating capacity of sorted EA cells was observed upon transplantation. These results indicate that tumour‐initiating cells are present in EA, thus reflecting a hierarchical organization. However, antibodies directed against novel surface antigens are needed to detect subpopulations enriched for CSCs in EA by transplantation assays. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High efficiency inline diffused emitter (ILDE) solar cells on mono‐crystalline CZ silicon
Authors: Ebong Abasifreke , Cooper Ian B. , Rounsaville Brian , Tate Keith , Rohatgi Ajeet , Bunkenburg Brian , Cathey Jim , Kim Steve , Ruf Dan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHigh throughput, low cost, and high efficiency are the keys to reducing the cost of photovoltaic electricity. To realize high efficiency, the quality of emitter is critical. The emitter can be formed either by batch deposition in a tube using liquid POCl3 source or by inline spray deposition of phosphoric acid (P2O5). The POCl3 process has been optimized over the years to give reproducible performance, whereas the inline diffusion has not been systematically optimized. This paper reports on solar cell results with the inline emitters. Sheet resistance mapping tool has been used to quantify the emitter uniformity in conjunction with junction depth and phosphorus surface concentration to characterize the inline emitters. We have achieved average efficiencies of 17.1 and 17.4%, respectively, on 2 Ω‐cm textured CZ with 45 and 60 Ω/sq emitters. Average fill factor of 0.772 and ideality factor of 1.06 support the front contact firing optimization for the inline emitters. Personal computer one dimensional (PC1D) modeling of the 60 Ω/sq emitter showed efficiency of >18% is achievable by reducing the front surface recombination velocity (FSRV) from 120 000 to 80 000 cm/s and increasing the fill factor to 79.5%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The lamination of (multi)crystalline and thin film based photovoltaic modules
Authors: Lange Ronald F. M. , Luo Yun , Polo Roman , Zahnd Jürg 
Published: May 2010

AbstractElectricity generation using photovoltaic (PV) becomes more and more important and significant research is performed in this PV arena. Although the electrical cell connection as well as the encapsulation of the PV active material are of utmost importance, these so‐called back‐end processes in the production of PV modules are often neglected. Here, we present our currently used activities to encapsulate inorganic PV materials, i.e. crystalline silicon as well as the various thin film technologies and focus on the lamination step. The importance of an exceedingly homogeneous temperature profile during the lamination step is highlighted as well as the application of various pressures in time. The control of both the temperature and pressure profile is key to produce bubble free and long‐lasting high quality PV modules. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of FBXO25‐interacting proteins using an integrated proteomics approach
Authors: Teixeira Felipe R. , Yokoo Sami , Gartner Carlos A. , Manfiolli Adriana O. , Baqui Munira M. A. , Assmann Eliana M. , Maragno Ana Leticia G. C. , Yu Huijun , de Lanerolle Primal , Kobarg Jörg , Gygi Steven P. , Gomes Marcelo Damário 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFBXO25 is one of the 68 human F‐box proteins that serve as specificity factors for a family of ubiquitin ligases composed of s‐phase‐kinase associated protein 1, really interesting new gene‐box 1, Cullin 1, and F‐box protein (SCF1) that are involved in targeting proteins for destruction across the ubiquitin proteasome system. We recently reported that the FBXO25 protein accumulates in novel subnuclear structures named FBXO25‐associated nuclear domains (FAND). Combining two‐step affinity purification followed by MS with a classical two‐hybrid screen, we identified 132 novel potential FBXO25 interacting partners. One of the identified proteins, β‐actin, physically interacts through its N‐terminus with FBXO25 and is enriched in the FBXO25 nuclear compartments. Inhibitors of actin polymerization promote a significant disruption of FAND, indicating that they are compartments influenced by the organizational state of actin in the nucleus. Furthermore, FBXO25 antibodies interfered with RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro. Our results open new perspectives for the understanding of this novel compartment and its nuclear functions.
Synthesis, characterization, and heterogeneous catalysis of polymer‐supported poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticle catalyst
Authors: Murugan Eagambaram , Rangasamy Rajmohan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report here, the synthesis of two types of heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts viz., polymer‐supported poly(propyleneimine)‐G2 dendrimer stabilized gold nanoparticle catalysts using crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine) matrix (PSP4VP) as support material. The grafting of dendrimer on the surface of P4VP beads was characterized by FTIR spectrophotometer and CHN analyses. The immobilization of AuNPs was characterized by UV‐Vis spectrum, SEM, and HRTEM studies. The resultant polymer‐supported dendrimer stabilized AuNPs were used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. The catalytic activity is found to be excellent and it can also be reused many times by simple filtration and activity remains maintained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2525–2532, 2010
Maleimide‐based thiol reactive multiarm star polymers via Diels‐Alder/retro Diels‐Alder strategy
Authors: Gok Ozgul , Durmaz Hakan , Ozdes Emrah Soner , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit , Sanyal Amitav 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMultiarm star polymers containing thiol‐reactive maleimide groups at their core have been synthesized by utilization of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of various methacrylates using a masked maleimide containing multiarm initiator. One end of the initiator contains multiple halogen groups that produce the star architecture upon polymerization and the other end contains a masked maleimide functional group. Unmasking of the maleimide group after the polymerization provides the thiol reactive maleimide core that is widely used in bioconjugation. Functionalization of the core maleimide group with a thiol containing tripeptide was used to demonstrate facile reactivity of the core of these multiarm polymers under reagent‐free conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2546–2556, 2010
Water‐soluble triply‐responsive homopolymers of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with a terminal azobenzene moiety
Authors: Tang Xinde , Liang Xiaochao , Gao Longcheng , Fan Xinghe , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNovel water‐soluble triply‐responsive homopolymers of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) containing an azobenzene moiety as the terminal group were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The ATRP process of DMAEMA was initiated by an azobenzene derivative substituted with a 2‐bromoisobutyryl group (Azo‐Br) in the presence of CuCl/Me6TREN in 1,4‐dioxane as a catalyst system. The molecular weights and their polydispersities of the resulting homopolymers (Azo‐PDMAEMA) were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The homopolymers are soluble in aqueous solution and exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) that alternated reversibly in response to Ph and photoisomerization of the terminal azobenzene moiety. It was found that the LCST increased as pH decreased in the range of testing. Under UV light irradiation, the trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety resulted in a higher LCST, whereas it recovered under visible light irradiation. This kind of polymers should be particularly interesting for a variety of potential applications in some promising areas, such as drug controlled‐releasing carriers and intelligent materials because of the multistimuli responsive property. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2564–2570, 2010
Structure and surface properties of polyacrylates with short fluorocarbon side chain: Role of the main chain and spacer group
Authors: Wang Qiongyan , Zhang Qinghua , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe degradation of poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)s with long perfluoroalkyl groups, especially with perfluorooctyl group, leads to the release of biopersistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). To find the environmentally friendly substitutes, a series of nonbiopersistant fluorinated polymers containing perfluorohexyl groups in the side chains have been synthesized and characterized. This study was then focused on the role played by the main chain and spacer group located in the side chain between the backbone and the fluorinated segment and, in particular, on the properties of poly[2‐[[[[2‐(perfluorohexyl)]‐sulfonyl]methyl]amino]ethyl] acrylate (PC6SA), methacrylate (PC6SMA) and poly[(perfluorohexyl)ethyl] methacrylate (PC6MA). Surface properties and bulk organization of fluorinated side chains of those polymers were investigated by contact angles, differential scanning calorimetry, optical polaring microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. Results were compared with those obtained with poly[(perfluorohexyl) ethyl] acrylate (PC6A). They all had very low surface free energies. Surprisingly, with the same perfluoalkyl chain, PC6SA and PC6SMA with a N‐methylsulfonamide spacer group were found to be organized in a liquid crystalline lamellar structure, whereas PC6A and PC6MA were found to be amorphous. This was mainly attributed to the steric term and polarity of N‐methylsulfonamide group that tended to facilitate the orientation of the perfluorinated segments in smectic phases. PC6SA, PC6SMA, and PC6MA had rich dynamic water repellency because of the low surface molecular mobility. This phenomenon relates to the crystallization of side chains or high glass transition temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2584–2593, 2010
An efficient way to tune grafting density of well‐defined copolymers via an unusual Br‐containing acrylate monomer
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Li Yaogong , Li Yongjun , Yang Dong , Hu Jianhua , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers, containing hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbone and hydrophobic poly(butyl acrylate) side chains, were synthesized by sequential reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) without any postpolymerization functionality modification followed by selective acidic hydrolysis of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) backbone. tert‐Butyl 2‐((2‐bromopropanoyloxy)methyl)‐acrylate was first homopolymerized or copolymerized with tert‐butyl acrylate by RAFT in a controlled way to give ATRP‐initiation‐group‐containing homopolymers and copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.20) and their reactivity ratios were determined by Fineman‐Ross and Kelen‐Tudos methods, respectively. The density of ATRP initiation group can be regulated by the feed ratio of the comonomers. Next, ATRP of butyl acrylate was directly initiated by these macroinitiators to synthesize well‐defined poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate) graft copolymers with controlled grafting densities via the grafting‐from strategy. PtBA‐based backbone was selectively hydrolyzed in acidic environment without affecting PBA side chains to provide poly(acrylic acid)‐g‐poly(butyl acrylate) amphiphilic graft copolymers. Fluorescence probe technique was used to determine the critical micelle concentrations in aqueous media and micellar morphologies are found to be spheres visualized by TEM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2622–2630, 2010
New poly(phenylenevinylene)‐methyl methacrylate‐based photonic crystals
Authors: Achelle Sylvain , Blanco Álvaro , López‐García Martín , Sapienza Riccardo , Ibisate Marta , López Cefe , Rodríguez‐López Julián 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMonodisperse colloids have been prepared efficiently by copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and fluorescent first‐ and second‐generation poly(phenylenevinylene) dendrons under surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization conditions. The copolymers were characterized by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the copolymers were microspheres with smooth surfaces and narrow dispersity. The bead diameter could be varied by changing the monomer/water ratio. The materials could be crystallized to give polymer opal photonic crystals. The emission was not affected by the periodic structure because of the large spectral distance between the emission and the pseudogap position. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2659–2665, 2010
Unexpected alternating radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene with 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate
Authors: Kyulavska M. , Kostov G. , Ameduri B. , Mateva R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe radical solution copolymerization of hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinylidene fluoride, and tert‐butyl‐α‐trifluoromethylacrylate with different monomers bearing isocyanato groups such as allyl isocyanate, 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (m‐TMI), and 2‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, initiated by 2,5‐bis(tert‐butylperoxy)‐2,5‐dimethylhexane were studied. Several of these radical copolymerizations were not successful in contrast to that of CTFE with m‐TMI, although m‐TMI monomer does not homopolymerize under radical initiation. The resulting poly(CTFE‐co‐m‐TMI) copolymers were characterized by 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and their compositions assessed by elemental analysis. The reactivity ratios of both comonomers were determined by linearization methods of Fineman‐Ross, Kelen‐Tüdös for low conversions of monomers, and by the extended Kelen‐Tüdös method for high monomer conversions. The average values of the monomer reactivity ratios, rCTFE and rm‐TMI, were 0.076 and 0.034 at 130 °C, respectively, depending on these monomer conversions and the applied methods of calculation. In all cases, rCTFE × rm‐TMI product was close to zero, which indicates that poly(CTFE‐co‐m‐TMI) copolymers exhibit a high tendency toward alternation. This was also confirmed by the Igarashi's theory which revealed a high content of CTFE‐m‐MTI heterodyads. The Q and e values for m‐TMI monomer were also assessed (Qm‐TMI = 0.007 and em‐TMI = 0.99). As well as this kinetics of copolymerization, several properties of the obtained fluorofunctional copolymers such as molecular weights (ranging from 1500 to 8200 g mol−1), molecular weight distributions (from 1.2 to 2.1) were also investigated. Their thermal properties revealed satisfactory thermal stability (higher than 250 °C). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2681–2697, 2010