bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translational up‐regulation of Aurora‐A in EGFR‐overexpressed cancer
Authors: Lai Chien‐Hsien , Tseng Joseph T. , Lee Yi‐Chao , Chen Ying‐Ju , Lee Jeng‐Chang , Lin Bo‐Wen , Huang Tai‐Chien , Liu Yao‐Wen , Leu Tzeng‐Horng , Liu Yi‐Wen , Chen Ya‐Ping , Chang Wen‐Chang , Hung Liang‐Yi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAbnormal expression of Aurora‐A and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is observed in different kinds of cancer and associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the relationship between Aurora‐A and EGFR in tumour development was not clear. In previous reports, we found that EGFR translocates to nucleus to activate Aurora‐A expression after EGF treatment in EGFR‐overexpressed cells. However, we also observed that not all the EGFR‐overexpressed cells have the nuclear EGFR pathway to mediate the Aurora‐A expression. In this study, we demonstrated that EGF signalling increased the Aurora‐A protein expression in EGFR‐overexpressed colorectal cancer cell lines via increasing the translational efficiency. In addition, the overexpression of EGFR was also associated with higher expression of Aurora‐A in clinical colorectal samples. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways mediated the effect of EGF‐induced translational up‐regulation. Besides, only the splicing variants containing exon 2 of Aurora‐A mRNA showed increased interaction with the translational complex to synthesize Aurora‐A protein under EGF stimulus. Besides, the exon 2 containing splicing variants were the major Aurora‐A splicing forms expressed in human colorectal cancers. Taken together, our results propose a novel regulatory mechanism for the abnormal expression of Aurora‐A in EGFR‐overexpressed cancers, and highlight the importance of alternative 5′‐UTR splicing variants in regulating Aurora‐A expression. Furthermore, the specific expression of exon 2 containing splicing variants in cancer tissues may serve as a potential target for cancer therapy in the future.
Functional characterization of the progestagen‐associated endometrial protein gene in human melanoma
Authors: Ren Suping , Liu Suhu , Howell Jr Paul M. , Zhang Guangyu , Pannell Lewis , Samant Rajeev , Shevde‐Samant Lalita , Tucker J. Allan , Fodstad Oystein , Riker Adam I. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUtilizing gene microarray profiling of melanoma samples, we have recently identified a novel gene overexpressed in both thick primary and metastatic melanomas. This gene, progestagen‐associated endometrial protein (PAEP), has never before been implicated in the oncogenic processes of melanoma, with its true function in oncogenesis and tumour progression relatively unknown. Overexpression of the PAEP gene in freshly procured thick primary and metastatic melanoma samples (58%) and daughter cell lines (77%) is confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and mass spectrometric analysis. We suggest that PAEP gene overexpression is involved with melanoma tumour progression as well as an aggressive phenotype. Transfection of melanoma cells with PAEP small interfering RNA (siRNA) reveals a significant decrease in soft agar colony formation and a marked inhibition of both cell migration and cell invasion. Furthermore, we establish stable melanoma transfectants via PAEP lentiviral small hairpin RNA (shRNA), examine their growth characteristics in a murine xenograft model and reveal that tumour growth is significantly inhibited in two separate melanoma cell lines. Our data strongly implicate the PAEP gene as a tumour growth promoter with oncogenic properties and a potential therapeutic target for patients with advanced melanoma.
Haematopoietic stem cells in spleen have distinct differentiative potential for antigen presenting cells
Authors: Tan Jonathan K.H. , O’Neill Helen C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) are known to develop from macrophage dendritic progenitors (MDP) in bone marrow (BM), which give rise to conventional (c)DC and monocytes, both dominant antigen presenting cell (APC) subsets in spleen. This laboratory has however defined a distinct dendritic‐like cell subset in spleen (L‐DC), which can also be derived in long‐term cultures of spleen. In line with the restricted in vitro development of only L‐DC in these stromal cultures, we questioned whether self‐renewing HSC or progenitors exist in spleen with restricted differentiative capacity for only L‐DC. Neonatal spleen and BM were compared for their ability to reconstitute mice and to give rise to L‐DC, as well as other splenic APC. Neonatal spleen cells were transplanted into allotype‐distinct lethally irradiated hosts along with host‐type competitor BM cells, and assayed over 8 to 51 weeks for haematopoietic reconstitution of L‐DC and cDC subsets, along with other lymphoid and myeloid cells. In this study, neonatal spleen showed multilineage haematopoietic reconstitution in mouse chimeras, rather than specific or restricted ability to differentiate into L‐DC. However, the representation of individual APC subsets was found to be unequal in chimeras partially reconstituted with donor cells, such that more donor‐derived progeny were seen for L‐DC than for myeloid and cDC subsets. The ability of HSC in spleen to develop into L‐DC was indicated by a strong bias in the subset size of these cells over other splenic APC subsets. This type of evidence supports a model whereby spleen represents an important site for haematopoiesis of this distinct DC subset. The conditions under which haematopoiesis of L‐DC occurs in spleen, or the progenitors involved, will require further investigation.
Familial and racial determinants of tumour suppressor genes promoter hypermethylation in breast tissues from healthy women
Authors: Dumitrescu R.G. , Marian C. , Krishnan S.S. , Spear S.L. , Kallakury B.V.S. , Perry D. J. , Convit J. R. , Seillier‐Moiseiwitsch F. , Yang Y. , Freudenheim J.L. , Shields P.G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTo determine the hypermethylation status of the promoter regions of tumour suppressor genes in breast tissues from healthy women and identify the determinants of these epigenetic changes. Questionnaires and breast tissues were collected from healthy women without a history of cancer and undergoing reduction mammoplasty (N= 141). Methylation for p16INK4, BRCA1, ERα and RAR‐β promoter regions from breast tissues were determined by methylation specific PCR. Associations were examined with chi‐square and Fisher’s exact test as well as logistic regression. All statistical tests were two‐sided. p16INK4, BRCA1, ERα and RAR‐β hypermethylation were identified in 31%, 17%, 9% and 0% of the women, respectively. Women with BRCA1 hypermethylation had an eight‐fold increase in the risk of ERα hypermethylation (P= 0.007). p16INK4 hypermethylation was present in 28% of African‐Americans, but 65% in European‐Americans (P= 0.02). There was an increased likelihood of p16INK4 or BRCA1 hypermethylation for women with family history of cancer (OR 2.3; 95%CI: 1.05–4.85 and OR 5.0; 95%CI: 1.55–15.81, respectively). ERα hypermethylation was associated with family history of breast cancer (OR 6.6; 95%CI: 1.58–27.71). After stratification by race, p16INK4 in European‐Americans and BRCA1 hypermethylation in African‐Americans were associated with family history of cancer (OR 3.8; 95%CI: 1.21–12.03 and OR 6.5; 95%CI: 1.33–31.32, respectively). Gene promoter hypermethylation was commonly found in healthy breast tissues from women without cancer, indicating that these events are frequent and early lesions. Race and family history of cancer increase the likelihood of these early events.
Effect of combination therapy of hydroxyurea with l‐carnitine and magnesium chloride on hematologic parameters and cardiac function of patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia
Authors: Karimi Mehran , Mohammadi Faranak , Behmanesh Farzane , Samani Soleiman M. , Borzouee Mohammad , Amoozgar Hamid , Haghpanah Sezaneh 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground:  l‐Carnitine and magnesium have antioxidant properties. They have the potential to stimulate production of fetal hemoglobin and stabilize the RBC membrane, respectively. Several studies have also shown the beneficial effects of hydroxyurea in thalassemic patients. We assessed the effect of combination therapy of hydroxyurea with l‐carnitine and magnesium chloride on hematologic parameters and cardiac function of patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia.Methods:  One‐hundred‐and‐twenty patients with thalassemia intermedia (range, 4–35 yr; mean, 19 ± 6.4 yr) who had no need for blood transfusion or requirement for blood transfusion with an interval of >6 months were randomly selected. All patients had been on hydroxyurea for >6 months. They were randomly divided into four groups: group A (hydroxyurea alone); group B (hydroxyurea and l‐carnitine); group C (hydroxyurea and magnesium chloride); and group D (hydroxyurea, l‐carnitine and magnesium chloride).Results:  In groups B, C, and D, mean Hb and hematocrit increased during 6‐month treatment (P < 0.001). Echocardiographic studies revealed a significant decrease in left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter in group B (P = 0.032), increase in pulmonary acceleration time in group C (P = 0.012), and increase in left ventricular ejection fraction in groups C and D (P < 0.000 and 0.006, respectively).Conclusion:  Combination of hydroxyurea with l‐carnitine or magnesium could be more effective in improving hematologic parameters and cardiac status in patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia than hydroxyurea alone.
BCR‐ABL positive cells and chronic myeloid leukemia in immune suppressed organ transplant recipients
Authors: Le Coutre Philipp , Reinke Petra , Neuhaus Ruth , Trappe Ralf , Ringel Frauke , Lalancette Marc , Hemmati Philipp G. , Dörken Bernd , Daniel Peter T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe constitutively activated tyrosine kinase activity of the p210bcr‐abl fusion protein, generated by a t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation, is pathogenetically associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, mechanisms contributing to the expansion of a BCR‐ABL positive clone are largely obscure. In the presence of an impaired immune surveillance, cells carrying any of these alterations may become phenotypically relevant. Therefore, immunosuppressed solid organ recipients represent an optimal population to investigate the frequency of mRNA products of this translocation. Blood leukocytes were studied in 201 individuals (100 organ recipients and 101 control individuals) for the presence of BCR‐ABL transcripts by a nested‐reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction assay, routinely used in our institution. In 5/100 immunosuppressed patients, at least one out of two RT‐PCR products was bcr‐abl positive while all controls were negative. These findings were extended by four CML cases of organ transplant recipients (three renal and one liver transplants). Three of these cases developed CML in a total of 2088 transplantations in 9 yr, suggesting a higher incidence of CML in these patients.
Follicular dendritic cells in multicentric Castleman disease present human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8)‐latent nuclear antigen 1 (LANA1) in a proportion of cases and is associated with an enhanced T‐cell response
Authors: El‐Daly Hesham , Bower Mark , Naresh Kikkeri N. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMulticentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8)‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs more frequently in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In tissue samples, HHV8‐infected plasmablasts localise to the mantle zones of the lymphoid follicles. We revisited the immunohistological features in 25 lymph node (LN) and three spleen samples of MCD. In five (20%) LN and one (33%) spleen sample, HHV8 latent nuclear antigen 1 (LANA1) staining was also noted on the follicular dendritic cells (FDC). The HHV8‐positive FDC subgroup of patients had significantly higher numbers of CD3‐positive T cells infiltrating the follicles when compared to the HHV8‐negative FDC subgroup (P = 0.047). Furthermore, the numbers of HHV8‐positive plasmablasts and serum HHV8 viral copy numbers were lower among the HHV8‐positive FDC subgroup when compared to the HHV8‐negative FDC subgroup (not statistically significant). Our findings show, for the first time, possible ‘presentation’ of an HHV8 antigen by FDCs in MCD.
Nonlinear Crest,
Trough, and Wave Height Distributions in Sea States With Double-Peaked
Spectra
Authors: Arena Felice , Soares C.
Guedes 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The peak to trough distributions of nonlinear high sea waves in bimodal sea states in deep water are investigated. The statistical distribution of wave height is first analyzed by considering the Boccotti’s expression, where the parameters of the distribution are calculated for some bimodal spectra of sea states recorded in the Atlantic Ocean. The nonlinear crest and trough distributions are then obtained, particularizing for two peaked spectra the second-order Fedele and Arena expression, which depends on two parameters. The results have been finally validated by means of Monte Carlo simulations of second-order random waves with bimodal spectra.
Analysis of the Variability in the Number of Viable Bacteria after Mild Heat Treatment of Food
Authors: Aguirre J. S. , Pin C. , Rodríguez M. R. , García de Fernando G. D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Variability in the numbers of bacteria remaining in saline solution and whole milk following mild heat treatment has been studied with
Listeria innocua
,
Enterococcus faecalis
,
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis, and
Pseudomonas fluorescens
. As expected, the most heat-resistant bacterium was
E. faecalis
, while
P. fluorescens
was the least heat resistant, and all bacteria showed greater thermal resistance in whole milk than in saline solution. Despite the differences in the inactivation kinetics of these bacteria in different media, the variability in the final number of bacteria was affected neither by the species nor by the heating substrate, but it did depend on the intensity of the heat treatment. The more severe the heat treatment was, the lower the average number of surviving bacteria but the greater the variability. Our results indicated that the inactivation times for the cells within a population are not identically distributed random variables and that, therefore, the population includes subpopulations of cells with different distributions for the heat resistance parameters. A linear relationship between the variability of the log of the final bacterial concentration and the logarithmic reduction in the size of the bacterial population was found.
Contamination of Soil by Copper Affects the Dynamics, Diversity, and Activity of Soil Bacterial Communities Involved in Wheat Decomposition and Carbon Storage
Authors: Bernard L. , Maron P. A. , Mougel C. , Nowak V. , Lévêque J. , Marol C. , Balesdent J. , Gibiat F. , Ranjard L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

A soil microcosm experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of copper contamination on the dynamics and diversity of bacterial communities actively involved in wheat residue decomposition. In the presence of copper, a higher level of CO
2
release was observed, which did not arise from greater wheat decomposition but from a higher level of stimulation of soil organic matter mineralization (known as the priming effect). Such functional modifications may be related to significant modifications in the diversity of active bacterial populations characterized using the DNA stable-isotope probing approach.
Clonal Relationship among Atypical Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Strains Isolated from Different Animal Species and Humans
Authors: Moura Rodrigo A. , Sircili Marcelo P. , Leomil Luciana , Matté Maria Helena , Trabulsi Luiz R. , Elias Waldir P. , Irino Kinue , Pestana de Castro Antonio F. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Forty-nine typical and atypical enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) strains belonging to different serotypes and isolated from humans, pets (cats and dogs), farm animals (bovines, sheep, and rabbits), and wild animals (monkeys) were investigated for virulence markers and clonal similarity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The virulence markers analyzed revealed that atypical EPEC strains isolated from animals have the potential to cause diarrhea in humans. A close clonal relationship between human and animal isolates was found by MLST and PFGE. These results indicate that these animals act as atypical EPEC reservoirs and may represent sources of infection for humans. Since humans also act as a reservoir of atypical EPEC strains, the cycle of mutual infection of atypical EPEC between animals and humans, mainly pets and their owners, cannot be ruled out since the transmission dynamics between the reservoirs are not yet clearly understood.
Occurrence of Putative Pathogenicity Islands in Enterococci from Distinct Species and of Differing Origins
Authors: Semedo-Lemsaddek Teresa , Barreto-Crespo Maria Teresa , Tenreiro Rogério 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Enterococci isolated from ewe's milk and cheese, clinical isolates of human and veterinary origins, and reference strains obtained from culture collections were screened for the occurrence of putative pathogenicity island (PAIs). Results obtained after PCR amplification and hybridization point toward PAI dissemination among enterococci of diverse origins (food/clinical) and species (
Enterococcus faecalis
/non-
E. faecalis
).
Detection and Identification of
tdh
- and
trh
-Positive
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Strains from Four Species of Cultured Bivalve Molluscs on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast
Authors: Roque Ana , Lopez-Joven Carmen , Lacuesta Beatriz , Elandaloussi Laurence , Wagley Sariqa , Furones M. Dolores , Ruiz-Zarzuela Imanol , de Blas Ignacio , Rangdale Rachel , Gomez-Gil Bruno 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Presented here is the first report describing the detection of potentially diarrheal
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
strains isolated from cultured bivalves on the Mediterranean coast, providing data on the presence of both
tdh
- and
trh
-positive isolates. Potentially diarrheal
V. parahaemolyticus
strains were isolated from four species of bivalves collected from both bays of the Ebro delta, Spain.
Accurate Quantification of Microorganisms in PCR-Inhibiting Environmental DNA Extracts by a Novel Internal Amplification Control Approach Using Biotrove OpenArrays
Authors: van Doorn R. , Klerks M. M. , van Gent-Pelzer M. P. E. , Speksnijder A. G. C. L. , Kowalchuk G. A. , Schoen C. D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
PCR-based detection assays are prone to inhibition by substances present in environmental samples, thereby potentially leading to inaccurate target quantification or false-negative results. Internal amplification controls (IACs) have been developed to help alleviate this problem but are generally applied in a single concentration, thereby yielding less-than-optimal results across the wide range of microbial gene target concentrations possible in environmental samples (J. Hoorfar, B. Malorny, A. Abdulmawjood, N. Cook, M. Wagner, and P. Fach, J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:1863-1868, 2004). Increasing the number of IACs for each quantitative PCR (qPCR) sample individually, however, typically reduces sensitivity and, more importantly, the reliability of quantification. Fortunately, current advances in high-throughput qPCR platforms offer the possibility of multiple reactions for a single sample simultaneously, thereby allowing the implementation of more than one IAC concentration per sample. Here, we describe the development of a novel IAC approach that is specifically designed for the state-of-the-art Biotrove OpenArray platform. Different IAC targets were applied at a range of concentrations, yielding a calibration IAC curve for each individual DNA sample. The developed IACs were optimized, tested, and validated by using more than 5,000 unique qPCR amplifications, allowing accurate quantification of microorganisms when applied to soil DNA extracts containing various levels of PCR-inhibiting compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a suite of IACs at different target concentrations to monitor PCR inhibition across a wide target range, thereby allowing reliable and accurate quantification of microorganisms in PCR-inhibiting DNA extracts. The developed IAC is ideally suited for high-throughput screenings of, for example, ecological and agricultural samples on next-generation qPCR platforms.
Development and Application of Quantitative-PCR Tools for Subgroups of the
Roseobacter
Clade
Authors: Buchan Alison , Hadden Mary , Suzuki Marcelino T. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Specific SYBR green-based quantitative-PCR assays targeting conserved regions in the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer regions were developed for five subgroups of the environmentally abundant and biogeochemically active
Roseobacter
clade of marine bacteria. The assays were applied to field samples demonstrating their utility in investigations of abundant
Roseobacter
group phylotypes in the environment.
Low Salinity and High-Level UV-B Radiation Reduce Single-Cell Activity in Antarctic Sea Ice Bacteria
Authors: Martin Andrew , Hall Julie , Ryan Ken 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Experiments simulating the sea ice cycle were conducted by exposing microbes from Antarctic fast ice to saline and irradiance regimens associated with the freeze-thaw process. In contrast to hypersaline conditions (ice formation), the simulated release of bacteria into hyposaline seawater combined with rapid exposure to increased UV-B radiation significantly reduced metabolic activity.
Phylogenetic Diversity and Metabolic Potential Revealed in a Glacier Ice Metagenome
Authors: Simon Carola , Wiezer Arnim , Strittmatter Axel W. , Daniel Rolf 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

The largest part of the Earth's microbial biomass is stored in cold environments, which represent almost untapped reservoirs of novel species, processes, and genes. In this study, the first metagenomic survey of the metabolic potential and phylogenetic diversity of a microbial assemblage present in glacial ice is presented. DNA was isolated from glacial ice of the Northern Schneeferner, Germany. Pyrosequencing of this DNA yielded 1,076,539 reads (239.7 Mbp). The phylogenetic composition of the prokaryotic community was assessed by evaluation of a pyrosequencing-derived data set and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The
Proteobacteria
(mainly
Betaproteobacteria
),
Bacteroidetes
, and
Actinobacteria
were the predominant phylogenetic groups. In addition, isolation of psychrophilic microorganisms was performed, and 13 different bacterial isolates were recovered. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates revealed that all were affiliated to the predominant groups. As expected for microorganisms residing in a low-nutrient environment, a high metabolic versatility with respect to degradation of organic substrates was detected by analysis of the pyrosequencing-derived data set. The presence of autotrophic microorganisms was indicated by identification of genes typical for different ways of carbon fixation. In accordance with the results of the phylogenetic studies, in which mainly aerobic and facultative aerobic bacteria were detected, genes typical for central metabolism of aerobes were found. Nevertheless, the capability of growth under anaerobic conditions was indicated by genes involved in dissimilatory nitrate/nitrite reduction. Numerous characteristics for metabolic adaptations associated with a psychrophilic lifestyle, such as formation of cryoprotectants and maintenance of membrane fluidity by the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids, were detected. Thus, analysis of the glacial metagenome provided insights into the microbial life in frozen habitats on Earth, thereby possibly shedding light onto microbial life in analogous extraterrestrial environments.