bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size and Microstructure Control of Calcium Aluminate Microcapsules
Authors: Sturzenegger Philip N. , Gonzenbach Urs T. , Martynczuk Julia , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: April 2012

Microencapsulation is nowadays widely applied for the separation or controlled and targeted release of substances. In the present work we propose using particle‐stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsions to produce microcapsules from calcium aluminate cement. First, we investigate the parameters determining the capsule size and size distribution. Then, the anhydrous particles at the water‐oil contact line are hydrated resulting in the formation of a layer of precipitated calcium aluminate hydrate that strengthens the capsule shells. By manipulating the hydration reaction of the cement particles, the capsule shell thickness is varied between 200 and 1300 nm. For hydration temperatures of 3°C and 25°C, the capsule walls are mainly formed from Ca2Al2O5·8H2O, whereas Ca2Al2O5·8H2O and the stable γ‐Al(OH)3 and Ca3Al2O6·6H2O phases are precipitated at 60°C. In addition, the impact of these manipulations on the yield of dry microcapsules is discussed. The highest yield of intact capsules observed in this study is 72 ± 3%. We believe that such microcapsules can lead to new applications, particularly in environments with harsh conditions or in inorganic matrixes.
The potential benefits of sugar‐free chewing gum on the oral health and quality of life of older people living in the community: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al‐Haboubi M , Zoitopoulos L , Beighton D , Gallagher JE 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effects of prescribing sugar‐free chewing gum on the oral health and quality of life of dentate older people living in the community and attending for routine dental care.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted on 186 older people who were not regular chewers of gum, (aged 60 years and over with ≥ 6 teeth) recruited from primary care clinics. Participants were randomly allocated to a gum‐chewing group (chewing xylitol‐containing gum twice a day for 15 min; n = 95) or a control group (no gum; n = 91). Both groups were examined at baseline and at the end of the study (6 months later). The primary outcome measure for the study was increased in stimulated saliva flow rate. Secondary measures included improvements in Plaque and Gingival Indices, and self‐perceived change in oral health.ResultsThe retention rate for the study was 78.5% (n = 146 at follow‐up); reported compliance with the protocol was 84% (ranged between 12% and 100%). There was no significant change in the saliva flow of the gum‐chewing group (1.20–1.17 ml/min), while the control group experienced an increase in flow rate (1.06–1.32 ml/min; P = 0.001). The gum‐chewing group, however, demonstrated significant improvement in Plaque and Gingival Index scores over the control group. For the Plaque Index, the mean scores (±SD) were 0.29 (±0.29) and 0.56 (±0.46) for the gum‐chewing group and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001), at the second examination, which remained significant after controlling for age and saliva flow rate. For the Gingival Index, the scores were 0.73 (±0.30) and 0.92 (±0.32), respectively (P < 0.001), which persisted after controlling for age. A significantly higher proportion of participants in the gum‐chewing group perceived that their oral health had improved during the study period in comparison with the control group (40% cf 21%; P = 0.016).ConclusionsPrescription of sugar‐free chewing gum to dentate older people living in the community and attending routine dental services was not associated with a significant increase in stimulated saliva flow. There were, however, significant improvements in Plaque and Gingival Index scores, and in self‐perceived oral health.
Validation of a dental image‐analyzer tool to measure the radiographic defect angle of the intrabony defect in periodontitis patients
Authors: Moutinho R. P. , Coelho L. , Silva A. , Lobo Pereira J. A. , Pinto M. , Baptista I. P. 
Published: April 2012

Moutinho RP, Coelho L, Silva A, Lobo Pereira JA, Pinto M, Baptista IP. Validation of a dental image‐analyzer tool to measure the radiographic defect angle of the intrabony defect in periodontitis patients. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 695–700. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  A report describing the software Dental Image Analyzer (DIA) was published in this journal in 2009. A new function – measurement of the periodontal intrabony defect angle – was added to the software in 2010. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether measurements of the radiographic intrabony defect angle using digital radiographs and the newly developed DIA tool were comparable with measurements obtained using the conventional protractor method.Material and Methods:  The baseline radiographic defect angle of intrabony defects was measured conventionally, using a protractor, in 60 selected teeth from 47 patients and then digitally using the newly developed DIA tool. The measurements were made independently by four experienced dentists. The radiographic defect angle of intrabony defects was measured after the three anatomical landmarks were identified, namely the cemento–enamel junction, the top of the crest and the bottom of the defect.Results:  Both methods showed a high interexaminer reliability for measurements of the radiographic defect angle of intrabony defects (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.97). Moreover, both methods showed high reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.96). On the other hand, the new DIA tool, compared with the conventional method, exhibited high sensitivity (0.92) and high specificity (0.91) in selecting defects of ≥ 37° or < 37°. Analysis of the time taken for measurements revealed significant differences between the two methods, with the protractor method being more time consuming.Conclusions:  This study provided evidence for the lack of a significant difference between the conventional method and the DIA tool for radiographic measurement of intrabony defects. However, digital analysis was significantly faster.
Nitric oxide inhibits androgen receptor‐mediated collagen production in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Lin S‐J. , Lu H‐K. , Lee H‐W. , Chen Y‐C. , Li C‐L. , Wang L‐F. 
Published: April 2012

Lin S‐J, Lu H‐K, Lee H‐W, Chen Y‐C, Li C‐L, Wang L‐F. Nitric oxide inhibits androgen receptor‐mediated collagen production in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 701–710. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  In our previous study, we found that flutamide [an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist] inhibited the up‐regulation of collagen induced by interleukin (IL)‐1β and/or nifedipine in gingival fibroblasts. The present study attempted to verify the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the IL‐1β/nifedipine‐AR pathway in gingival overgrowth.Material and Methods:  Confluent gingival fibroblasts derived from healthy individuals (n = 4) and those with dihydropyridine‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) (n = 6) were stimulated for 48 h with IL‐1β (10 ng/mL), nifedipine (0.34 μm) or IL‐1β + nifedipine. Gene and protein expression were analyzed with real‐time RT‐PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. Meanwhile, Sircol dye‐binding and the Griess reagent were, respectively, used to detect the concentrations of total soluble collagen and nitrite in the medium.Results:  IL‐1β and nifedipine simultaneously up‐regulated the expression of the AR and type‐I collagen α1 [Colα1(I)] genes and the total collagen concentration in DIGO cells (p < 0.05). IL‐1β strongly increased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and the nitrite concentration in both healthy and DIGO cells (p < 0.05). However, co‐administration of IL‐1β and nifedipine largely abrogated the expression of iNOS mRNA and the nitrite concentration with the same treatment. Spearman’s correlation coefficients revealed a positive correlation between the AR and total collagen (p < 0.001), but they both showed a negative correlation with iNOS expression and the NO concentration (p < 0.001). The iNOS inhibitor, 1400W, enhanced IL‐1β‐induced AR expression; furthermore, the NO donor, NONOate, diminished the expression of the AR to a similar extent in gingival fibroblasts derived from both healthy patients and DIGO patients (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  IL‐1β‐induced NO attenuated AR‐mediated collagen production in human gingival fibroblasts. The iNOS/NO system down‐regulated the axis of AR/Colα1(I) mRNA expression and the production of AR/total collagen proteins by DIGO cells.
Motion perception in children with foetal alcohol syndrome
Authors: Gummel Kristina , Ygge Jan , Benassi Mariagrazia , Bolzani Roberto 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the visual magnocellular pathway by a coherent motion perception test in children with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).Methods:  Eighty‐nine children (49 with verified FAS and 40 without FAS) aged from 10 to 16 years were included into the study. Both the study and the control group were children living in orphanages. A coherent motion perception test was used. The test consisted of 150 white moving dots on a black background presented in different signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions. The task was direction detection of the coherently moving dots whose percentage decreased at each step.Results:  A significant difference between the two groups was found (p = 0.018). Children with FAS had lower coherent motion perception ability in all the signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions. A significant difference between difficulty levels (p < 0.001) was found for all subjects in both groups – decreasing the stimulus signal‐to‐noise level decreased the motion perception score. In both groups, the motion perception score differed for vertical and horizontal stimuli (p = 0.003) with better performance with vertical stimuli.Conclusion:  Impaired motion perception in FAS children could be indicative of a dorsal stream developmental dysfunction resulting from alcohol brain damage.
The effect of sex on outcome of preterm infants – a population‐based survey
Authors: Neubauer Vera , Griesmaier Elke , Ralser Elisabeth , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  To provide comprehensive data on potential sex differences in maternal and neonatal characteristics, short‐term morbidity and neurodevelopmental outcome within an entire geographically determined collective of infants born at a gestational age <32 weeks.Methods:  Between 2003 and 2008, we prospectively enrolled all infants born in Tyrol at <32 weeks of gestation; the association between sex, and a wide set of pre‐ and postnatal factors, post‐discharge morbidity and neurodevelopmental outcome was analysed.Results:  Girls less frequently suffered from early‐onset sepsis than boys (p = 0.030). After adjustment for multiple corrections (Bonferroni’s p = 0.003), no sex differences were seen within any maternal or neonatal parameter. Analysis of morbidity revealed a higher readmission rate in boys (p < 0.0001), which was primarily caused by a greater incidence of respiratory problems (p = 0.003). Boys did not show a greater adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 12 or 24 months.Conclusion:  Parents of boys should be prepared for a potentially higher frequency of readmission after initial discharge, but our data currently give no reason for parents of boys to be disproportionately anxious about their neurodevelopmental outcome. Whether boys also enjoy a rosy prognosis for developmental outcome at school age remains to be elucidated.
Distinct sulfonation activities in resveratrol‐sensitive and resveratrol‐insensitive human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Sun Zheng , Li Hong , Shu Xiao‐Hong , Shi Hui , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Kong Qing‐You , Wu Mo‐Li , Liu Jia 
Published: April 2012

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells show different responses to resveratrol, for unknown reasons. Our data from human medulloblastoma cells and primary cultures of rat brain cells revealed an inverse correlation of sulfonation activity with resveratrol sensitivities, providing a clue to the underlying mechanisms of the variable sensitivities of GBM cells to resveratrol. In this study, we found that U251 cells were sensitive and LN229 cells were insensitive to resveratrol. Thus, these two cell lines were taken as comparable models for elucidating the influence of sulfonation activities on resveratrol sensitivity. HPLC showed identical resveratrol metabolic patterns in both cell lines. LC/MS and high‐resolution mass MS analyses further demonstrated that resveratrol monosulfate generated by sulfotransferases (SULTs) was the major metabolite of human GBM cells. The levels of brain‐associated SULT (SULT1A1, SULT1C2, and SULT4A1) expression in U251 cells were lower than those in LN229 cells, suggesting the inverse relationship of SULT‐mediated sulfonation activity with high intracellular resveratrol bioavailability and resveratrol sensitivity of human GBM cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed reductions in expression of the three brain‐associated SULTs in 72.8%, 47.5% and 66.3% of astrocytomas, respectively. Therefore, the levels of brain‐associated SULTs and sulfonation activity mediated by them could be important parameters for evaluating the potential response of human GBM cells to resveratrol, and may have value in the personalized treatment of GBMs with resveratrol.Database
Nucleotide sequence data for SULT1A1, SULT1C2 and SULT4A1 are available in the GenBank database under the accession numbers BC110887, BC005353, and BC028171.
Occupational therapy for inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: FORUZANDEH Nasrin , PARVIN Neda 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim:  People with schizophrenia tend to experience difficulties in social and cognitive function, self‐care, residual negative symptoms, high rates of unemployment, and social exclusion. Occupational therapy has contributed to the treatment and rehabilitation of people with severe mental health problems. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of occupational therapy on symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:  This survey was an experimental study in which positive and negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia were assessed with a scale for the assessment of positive and negative symptoms (SANS, SAPS, respectively). The study was conducted in Sina Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran. The samples consisted of patients with schizophrenia who were divided randomly into intervention and usual treatment groups (30 patients in each group). The occupational therapy was performed in the intervention group for 18 h/week for 6 months. SANS and SAPS were assessed at the beginning and after 6 months of treatment.Results:  The groups were homogeneous in demographic variables, SANS and SAPS scores at baseline. The occupational therapy group showed significant improvement in the total score for the SANS and SAPS at 6 months (P < 0.001), but the control group did not show any significant improvement.Conclusion:  The results of this study indicated that occupational therapy combined with medications can improve the symptoms of schizophrenia.
HLA‐A*11:53 is shown to be identical to the corrected A*11:02:01 allele sequence
Authors: Yang K. L. , Chu C. C. , Marsh S. G. E. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAccording to the IMGT/HLA Database, the DNA sequence of A*11:53 is identical to A*11:02:01 in exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 except at codon 276. A*11:53 was reported as a rare variant of A*11, while A*11:02:01 was understood to be the second most frequently observed variant of A*11 after A*11:01:01 in Taiwanese. We sequenced HLA‐A locus exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Taiwanese blood donors (n = 50) previously typed to carry A*11:02:01. We found out all of their sequences are identical to A*11:53 in exons 2, 3, 4 and 5′ part of exon 5 including codon 276.
Optical spectroscopy of the γ-ray bright blazars PKS 0447−439 and PMN J0630−24
Authors: Landt Hermine 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
The large majority of sources detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope are blazars, belonging in particular to the blazar subclass of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs). BL Lacs often have featureless optical spectra, which make it difficult and sometimes impossible to determine their redshifts. This presents a severe impediment for the use of BL Lacs to measure the spectrum of the extragalactic background light through its interaction with high-energy γ-ray photons. I present here high-quality optical spectroscopy of two of the brightest γ-ray blazars, namely PKS 0447−439 and PMN J0630−24. The medium-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra show clear absorption lines, which place these BL Lacs at relatively high redshifts of z≥ 1.246 for PKS 0447−439 and z≥ 1.238 for PMN J0630−24.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FORTIFIED CORN CHIPS WITH BROAD BEAN FLOUR, CHICKPEA FLOUR OR ISOLATED SOY PROTEIN
Authors: RABABAH TAHA M. , BREWER SUSAN , YANG WADE , AL‐MAHASNEH MAJDI , AL‐U'DATT MUHAMMAD , RABABA SHAFEAH , EREIFEJ KHALIL 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of substituting different concentrations (3, 6 or 9%) of broad bean flour (Bb), chickpea flour (Cp) or isolated soy protein (ISP) on the physiochemical and sensory properties of corn chips was evaluated. Fortification increased (P ≤ 0.05) protein contents from 6.4 to 10.5%. Sensory and instrumental color results indicated that fortification at high levels (9%) increased (P ≤ 0.05) chip redness. Texture profile analysis results (TPA) indicated that, as fortification ratios increased, texture measures of TPA measures decreased (P ≤ 0.05). The raw and cooked corn flavor attributes decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in chips fortified with 9% Bb and Cp, and with 6 and 9% ISP. The descriptive texture indicated that 9% Bb and Cp decreased hardness. The consumer intensity scale results showed that Bb, Cp and ISP at 9% decreased (P ≤ 0.05) crunchiness and hardness. It can be concluded that Bb, Cp or ISP can be added in corn chips.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSAs the protein–energy–malnutrition problem continues to expand because of limited protein sources, using inexpensive and readily available sources of protein has become a major research focus in recent years. Fortification of several food products with components such as legume flours was proposed to enhance the nutritional values of products by using these products in schools, feeding programs and in catastrophic situations. Chickpeas and broad beans, rich in food proteins, are widely available and used in different countries as a source of protein. Soybean flour contains 38% protein, also has been used to fortify different types of food to enhance their quality. Corn and tortilla chips account for 80% of the corn‐based snacks consumed worldwide. Corn‐based snacks increased over the last 30 years because of being included to the main meal as well as between‐meal nourishments. For that, this study evaluated fortifications in chips with different high‐legume proteins.
ANTIFUNGAL, AFLATOXIN INHIBITORY AND FREE RADICAL‐SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACTS
Authors: SHUKLA RAVINDRA , SINGH PRIYANKA , PRAKASH BHANU , ANURADHA  , DUBEY N.K. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe antifungal, aflatoxin inhibitory and antioxidant activity of methanol–aqueous extract (2:1) of 62 medicinal plants was explored. Based on the antifungal results, the extracts of 25 plants showed more than 50% antifungal activity and were further investigated for their aflatoxin inhibition and antioxidant properties. Methanol–aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula fruits caused 100% inhibition of aflatoxin production by the toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus in semisynthetic medium at 1 mg/mL. In addition, P. emblica (IC50 = 4.1 µg/mL) and T. chebula (IC50 = 6.9 µg/mL) fruits extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity during the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging assay in comparison with butylated hydroxytoluene (IC50 = 8.1 µg/mL) and butylated hydroxyanisole (IC50 = 6 µg/mL).PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBased on the results of the present study, methanol–aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula, being endowed with strong antifungal, aflatoxin inhibitory and antioxidant activity, may be recommended as plant‐based preservatives for the enhancement of shelf life of food items and their protection from the undesirable harmful effects of molds, aflatoxin and free radical‐mediated damages.
PREVIOUS BACTERIAL INFECTION AFFECTS TEXTURAL QUALITY PARAMETERS OF HEAT‐TREATED FILLETS FROM RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)
Authors: INGERSLEV H.‐C. , HYLDIG G. , PRZYBYLSKA D. , FROSCH S. , NIELSEN M.E. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTSensory quality of fish meat is influenced by many parameters prior to slaughter. In the present study, it was examined if previous infections or damages in the muscle tissue influence product quality parameters in fish. Fillets from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in seawater at a commercial fish farm were sensory evaluated for more than a year after recovery following physical tissue damage or infection by the bacterial pathogens Yersinia ruckeri and Vibrio anguillarum. The effect of vaccination was also included as some fish were vaccinated before bacterial challenge. The fish fillets were sensory examined as heat‐treated and cold‐smoked. Heat‐treated fillets from nonvaccinated fish previously infected by V. anguillarum had changed textural characteristics and were less flaky, had a lower oiliness and a higher toughness and fibrousness in comparison with control fish. This article was the first to describe a correlation between previous infections in fish and changes in sensory‐quality parameters.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis work contributes with knowledge about sensory‐quality parameters of fish meat after recovery from infections and physical‐tissue damage. Because the results demonstrate an influence on the texture from previous disease, the practical potentials of the results are valuable for the aquaculture industry. In order to minimize the effects of previous diseases on the sensory quality regarding the texture, these fishes should be processed as cold‐smoked instead of being sold as raw meat. The established correlation between disease history stresses the importance of disease prevention in aquaculture production, e.g., vaccination of the fish.
The Agency of Dolphins: Towards Inter‐species Embassies as Sites of Engagement with ‘Significant Otherness’
Authors: TAYLOR C. SCOTT , CARTER JENNIFER 
Published: April 2012

AbstractCetacean–human interaction, at sites where free‐ranging dolphins approach humans, is occurring more than ever before. Management policies and strategies, and their underlying research, intended to protect both dolphins and humans during these interactive events, affect the quality and nature of interactivity. The agency of the dolphins, and its representation in management schemes, is analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis of selected texts from the discourse of Dolphin–Human Interaction Management (DHIM). Analysis suggests a prevailing discourse of protectionism but also reveals the possibility for a new kind of management scheme based upon an acceptance of the ‘significant otherness’ of non‐human species. This can be achieved by means of inter‐species etiquette, acknowledging the choices made by non‐humans to interact with humans. An inter‐species etiquette, coupled with multi‐species education (education across species boundaries, designed and delivered so as to enable mutually beneficial interaction), offers those non‐human animals widely referred to as ‘ambassadors’ safe places in which to be encountered. This new form of inter‐species interaction space is named an ‘embassy’.