bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the vagina: Cytomorphology of previously unreported case
Authors: Jin Bo , Pickens Alex , Shah Mahendra B. , Turrisi Andrew , Saleh Husain 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSquamous carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the vagina. Other malignancies include adenocarcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, and very rarely, neuroendocrine carcinoma/small‐cell carcinoma. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) has not been reported in this location. In this report, we describe a case of LCNEC of the vagina, which is believed to be the first case to date in the English literature. The patient is a 53‐year old gravida 3, para 2, African‐American woman who had a 4 month history of severe pelvic pain and difficulty voiding and was found to have a firm plate‐like mass on the anterior vaginal wall. Thin prep of vaginal swap was interpreted as atypical glandular cells; however, the biopsies showed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma which was confirmed by diffuse strong immunoreactivity to AE1/3, CAM5.2, CK7, and CD56 in the tumor cells. Subsequent clinical workup showed that the patient also had numerous metastatic nodules in the bilateral lungs and a vaginal‐urethral fistula caused by the tumor. The patient underwent palliative radiation of pelvis for local pain control and then chemotherapy. Although the vaginal tumor increased in size even after radiation, her symptoms were under control and she was doing well for a short period of time. The patient is still alive but developed brain metastasis a year later after initial diagnosis. Despite its rarity, large cell neuroendocrine cell carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis when cytomorphology shows features suggestive of neuroendocrine differentiation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:925–928. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting the pentose phosphate pathway in syndrome X‐related cardiovascular complications
Authors: Gupte Sachin A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSyndrome X is a combination or co‐occurrence of several known cardiovascular risk factors (including central obesity, dyslipidemias, fatty liver disease, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension) that affects at least one in five people in developed countries. Syndrome X shortens life and increases morbidity by contributing to the development of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Type 1 or 2 diabetes affects approximately 170 million people globally, and these numbers are rapidly rising. In patients with diabetes, vascular diseases develop early and progress at an accelerated rate. It has recently become evident that glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate‐limiting enzyme in the pentose‐phosphate pathway and its reaction products play key roles in regulating vascular function. Epidemiological studies have also shown that G6PD deficiency markedly reduces retinopathy and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in males from certain Mediterranean regions. Conversely, G6PD expression and activity are upregulated in rat and mouse models of obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, and a role for G6PD in the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes has been proposed. Unfortunately, no selective drugs are available to validate the hypothesis that G6PD and its products are involved in the development of syndrome X in humans. This review discusses the potential mechanisms by which G6PD could be implicated in vascular diseases in syndrome X and the need to develop new approaches, including new drugs and molecular tools, to ameliorate diabetes‐induced vascular dysfunction and vasculopathies. Drug Dev Res 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long circulating nanoparticles of etoposide using PLGA‐MPEG and PLGA‐pluronic block copolymers: characterization, drug‐release, blood‐clearance, and biodistribution studies
Authors: Yadav Khushwant S. , Chuttani Krishna , Mishra Anil K. , Sawant Krutika K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe anti‐leukemic drug, etoposide (ETO), has variable oral bioavailability ranging from 24–74% with a short terminal half‐life of 1.5 h i.v. necessitating continuous infusion for 24–34 h for the treatment of leukemia. In the present study, etoposide‐loaded PLGA‐based surface‐modified nanoparticles (NPs) with long circulation were designed as an alternative to continuous i.v. administration. PLGA‐mPEG and PLGA‐PLURONIC copolymers were synthesised and used to prepared ETO‐loaded NPs by high‐pressure homogenization. The mean particle size of ETO‐loaded PLGA‐MPEG nanoparticles was 94.02±3.4 nm, with an Entrapment Efficiency (EE) of 71.2% and zeta potential value of −6.9±1.3 mV. ETO‐loaded PLGA‐pluronic nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 148.0±2.1 nm, an EE of 73.12±2.7%, and zeta potential value of −21.5±1.6 mV. In vitro release of the pure drug was complete within 4 h, but was sustained up to 7 days from PLGA‐mPEG nanoparticles and for 5 days from PLGA‐pluronic nanoparticles. Release was first order and followed non‐Fickian diffusion kinetics in both instances. ETO and ETO‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles labeled with 99mTc were used in blood clearance studies in rats where the two coated NPs, 99mTc‐ ETO‐PLGA‐PLU NP and 99mTc‐ ETO‐PLGA‐mPEG NP, were found to be available in higher concentrations in the circulation as compared to the pure drug. Biodistribution studies in mice showed that ETO‐loaded PLGA‐MPEG NP and PLGA‐PLURONIC NP had reduced uptake by the RES due to their steric barrier properties and were present in the circulation for a longer time. Moreover, the NPs had greater uptake in bone and brain where concentration of the free drug, ETO, was negligible. Drug delivered from these NPs could result in a single i.v. injection that would release the drug for a number of days, which would be potentially beneficial and in better control of leukemia therapy. Drug Dev Res 71: 228–239, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Luminescent Ionic Liquid Crystal: [C12mim]4[EuBr6]Br
Authors: Getsis Anna , Tang Sifu , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: March 2010

Abstract[C12mim]4[EuBr6]Br·CH3CN (2) was obtained at –15 °C by reacting europium bromide with [C12mim]Br (1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide) in acetonitrile. 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$ (No. 2) with two formula units in the unit cell. The structure is characterized by double layers of [C12mim] cations with interdigitated alkyl chains which are separated by anion layers formed by [EuBr6] octahedra and Br···CH3CN units. Upon warming to room temperature 2 looses acetonitrile to form the room temperature ionic liquid crystal [C12mim]4[EuBr6]Br (1). The temperature dependent structural behavior has been characterized by differential scanning calorimentry and hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. In the temperature range of –3 to 98 °C 1 adopts a smectic liquid crystal phase. At 77 K 1 shows a strong red emission with a lifetime of 2.6 ms. Analysis of the emission spectrum yields a quantum efficiency of 0.45.
A Chemometric Approach to Map Reaction Media Chemoselectivity: Example of Selective Debenzylation
Authors: Bensel Nicolas , Klär Daniel , Catala Cédric , Schneckenburger Patrick , Hoonakker Frank , Goncalves Sylvie , Wagner Alain 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA chemometric process consisting in measuring the reactivity of a set of substrates under standardized and complementary reaction conditions was run to evaluate the possibility of building a coherent database that would give a general overview of the selectivity of a variety of catalysts. This systematic experimental approach was applied to the hydrogenolysis of O‐benzyl ether compounds. Analysis of collected data revealed reaction conditions with precise chemoselectivity. For instance, Pd/C in EtOH or PdOH in THF enabled the specific cleavage of the benzyl group in the presence of p‐CF3Bn groups, and addition of triethylamine in EtOH suppressed the cleavage of the phenoxybenzyl bond. The latter selectivity was exemplified on several polyfunctional substrates.
Voltammetric Determination of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Sulfur Compounds in Hydrothermal Vent Fluids – Studies with Hydrogen Sulfide, Methanethiol, Ethanethiol and Propanethiol
Authors: Dias Daiane , do Nascimento Paulo C. , Jost Cristiane L. , Bohrer Denise , de Carvalho Leandro M. , Koschinsky Andrea 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDetermination of sulfide compounds in hydrothermal vent fluid samples was performed by DPCSV. The methodology was applied to speciate sulfides via primitive and first‐derivative curve interpretation. Hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and propanethiol were simultaneously assayed in samples containing no ethanethiol. In the presence of ethanethiol, the organic sulfides were determined without speciation. Sulfides were determined in an acidic electrolyte, and detection limits ranging from 0.1 to 1.1 μmol L−1 were calculated. The method was tested in real hydrothermal vent fluid samples, with recoveries ranging from 86.9% (R–SH) to 115.3% (H2S). Interference of the metallic species present in seawater was investigated.
Electrochemical Determination of 2‐Nitrophenol in Water Samples Using Mg‐Al‐SDS Hydrotalcite‐Like Clay Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Yin Huanshun , Zhou Yunlei , Ai Shiyun , Cui Lin , Zhu Lusheng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Mg‐Al‐SDS hydrotalcite‐like clay (SDS‐HTLC) was used for the sensitive voltammetric determination of 2‐nitrophenol (2‐NP) utilizing the oxidation process. The results indicate the prepared modified electrode has an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward 2‐NP oxidation, lowering the oxidation overpotential and increasing the oxidation current. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation current was proportional to 2‐NP concentration in the range from 1.0×10−6 to 6.0×10−4 M with the detection limit of 5.0×10−7 M by DPV (S/N=3). The fabricated electrode was applied for 2‐NP determination in water samples and the recovery for these samples was from 95.6 to 103.5%.
A free surface finite element model for low Froude number mould filling problems on fixed meshes
Authors: Coppola‐Owen H. , Codina R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe simulation of low Froude number mould filling problems on fixed meshes presents significant difficulties. As the Froude number decreases, the coupling between the position of the interface and the resulting flow field increases. The usual two‐phase flow model provides poor results for such flow. In order to overcome the difficulties, a free surface model that applies boundary conditions at the interface accurately is used. Moreover, the use of wall laws on curved boundaries also fails in the case of low Froude number flows. To solve this second problem, we combine wall laws with ‘do nothing’ boundary conditions. A special feature of our approach is that ‘do nothing’ boundary conditions are only applied in the normal direction. These two key ingredients together with the Level Set method allow us to simulate three‐dimensional mould filling problems borrowed directly from the foundry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of protein kinase D activation in response to P2Y2and P2X7 receptors in primary astrocytes
Authors: Carrasquero Luz MarÍa G. , Delicado Esmerilda G. , SÁnchez‐Ruiloba LucÍa , Iglesias Teresa , Miras‐Portugal Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProtein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by many stimuli via protein kinase C in a variety of cells. This is the first report where PKD activation and localization is studied in glial cells. Herein, we demonstrate that P2Y2and P2X7 receptor stimulation of primary rat cerebellar astrocytes rapidly increases PKD1/2 phosphorylation and activity. P2Y2receptor response evokes a PKD1/2 activation that is dependent on apertussistoxin‐insensitive G protein, phospholipase C (PLC)‐mediated generation of diacylglycerol, and protein kinase C. This mechanism is similar to the one described for other G‐protein coupled receptors. In contrast, the way the ionotropic P2X7 receptor activates PKD1/2 is significantly different. Importantly, this response is not dependent on calcium entry, but depends on the activity of several phospholipases, including phosphoinositide‐phospholipase C (PI‐PLC), phosphatidylcholine‐phospholipase C (PC‐PLC) and also phospholipase D (PLD). Immunoblot and confocal microscopy analysis show that PKD1/2 activation by nucleotides is transient. The active kinase first moves to and concentrates in certain plasma membrane domains. Then, phosphorylated‐PKD1/2 translocates to intracellular vesicles, where it remains active. All together, our results open the perspective of PKD1/2 being involved in many physiological functions where nucleotides play important roles not only in astrocytes but in other cell types bearing these receptors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiotherapy for accessory nerve shoulder dysfunction following neck dissection surgery: A literature review
Authors: McGarvey Aoife C. , Chiarelli Pauline E. , Osmotherly Peter G. , Hoffman Gary R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground:Neck dissection is an operation that can result in accessory nerve injury. Accessory nerve shoulder dysfunction (ANSD) describes the pain and impaired range of motion that may occur following neck dissection. The aim of this review was to establish the level of evidence for the effectiveness of physiotherapy in the postoperative management of ANSD.Methods:A literature search of physiotherapy and ANSD using Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Cochrane Library databases was undertaken.Results:Physiotherapy has been shown to be well tolerated in this patient group following surgery. However, few studies exist as to the effect of physiotherapy on ANSD.Conclusions:There is a need for research to investigate the effects of early, appropriate physiotherapy on the development of ANSD following neck dissection surgery. Such a study has the potential to improve the functional outcome and quality of life in this patient group, and ultimately to promote best practice guidelines for management. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
The untranslated side of hair and skin mammalian pigmentation: Beyond coding sequences
Authors: Rouzaud Francois , Oulmouden Ahmad , Kos Lidia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor several decades, tremendous advances in studying skin and hair pigmentation of mammals have been made using Mendelian genetics principles. A number of loci and their associated traits have been extensively examined, crossings performed, and phenotypes well documented. Continuously improving PCR techniques allowed the molecular cloning and sequencing of the first pigmentation genes at the end of the 20th century, a period followed by an intense effort to detect and describe polymorphisms in the coding regions and correlate allelic combinations with the observed melanogenic phenotypes. However, a number of phenotypes and biological events could not be elucidated solely by analysis of the coding regions of genes. Messenger RNA isolation, characterization and quantification techniques allowed groups to move ahead and investigate molecular mechanisms whose secrets lay within the noncoding regions of pigmentation genes transcripts such as MC1R, ASIP, or Mitf. The untranslated elements contain specific nucleotidic sequences and structures that dramatically influence the mRNA half‐life and processing thus impacting protein translation and melanin production. As we are progressively uncovering the complex processes regulating melanocyte biology, unraveling complete mRNA structures and understanding mechanisms beyond coding regions has become critical. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(5): 340–346, 2010
Mammalian ceramide synthases
Authors: Levy Michal , Futerman Anthony H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn mammals, ceramide, a key intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism and an important signaling molecule, is synthesized by a family of six ceramide synthases (CerS), each of which synthesizes ceramides with distinct acyl chain lengths. There are a number of common biochemical features between the CerS, such as their catalytic mechanism, and their structure and intracellular localization. Different CerS also display remarkable differences in their biological properties, with each of them playing distinct roles in processes as diverse as cancer and tumor suppression, in the response to chemotherapeutic drugs, in apoptosis, and in neurodegenerative diseases. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(5): 347–356, 2010
Microarchitectural deterioration of cortical and trabecular bone: Differing effects of denosumab and alendronate
Authors: Seeman Ego , Delmas Pierre D , Hanley David A , Sellmeyer Deborah , Cheung Angela M , Shane Elizabeth , Kearns Ann , Thomas Thierry , Boyd Steven K , Boutroy Stephanie , Bogado Cesar , Majumdar Sharmila , Fan Michelle , Libanati Cesar , Zanchetta Jose 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The intensity of bone remodeling is a critical determinant of the decay of cortical and trabecular microstructure after menopause. Denosumab suppresses remodeling more than alendronate, leading to greater gains in areal bone mineral density (aBMD). These greater gains may reflect differing effects of each drug on bone microarchitecture and strength. In a phase 2 double-blind pilot study, 247 postmenopausal women were randomized to denosumab (60 mg subcutaneous 6 monthly), alendronate (70 mg oral weekly), or placebo for 12 months. All received daily calcium and vitamin D. Morphologic changes were assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and distal tibia and QCT at the distal radius. Denosumab decreased serum C-telopeptide more rapidly and markedly than alendronate. In the placebo arm, total, cortical, and trabecular BMD and cortical thickness decreased (−2.1% to −0.8%) at the distal radius after 12 months. Alendronate prevented the decline (−0.6% to 2.4%, p = .051 to &lt;.001 versus placebo), whereas denosumab prevented the decline or improved these variables (0.3% to 3.4%, p &lt; .001 versus placebo). Changes in total and cortical BMD were greater with denosumab than with alendronate (p ≤ .024). Similar changes in these parameters were observed at the tibia. The polar moment of inertia also increased more in the denosumab than alendronate or placebo groups (p &lt; .001). Adverse events did not differ by group. These data suggest that structural decay owing to bone remodeling and progression of bone fragility may be prevented more effectively with denosumab. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Time‐dependent density functional theory study on the electronic excited‐state hydrogen‐bonding dynamics of 4‐aminophthalimide (4AP) in aqueous solution: 4AP and 4AP–(H2O)1,2 clusters
Authors: Wang Rui , Hao Ce , Li Peng , Wei Ning‐Ning , Chen Jingwen , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method has been carried out to investigate the excited‐state hydrogen‐bonding dynamics of 4‐aminophthalimide (4AP) in hydrogen‐donating water solvent. The infrared spectra of the hydrogen‐bonded solute−solvent complexes in electronically excited state have been calculated using the TDDFT method. We have demonstrated that the intermolecular hydrogen bond C O···HO and NH···OH in the hydrogen‐bonded 4AP−(H2O)2 trimer are significantly strengthened in the electronically excited state by theoretically monitoring the changes of the bond lengths of hydrogen bonds and hydrogen‐bonding groups in different electronic states. The hydrogen bonds strengthening in the electronically excited state are confirmed because the calculated stretching vibrational modes of the hydrogen bonding CO, amino NH, and HO groups are markedly red‐shifted upon photoexcitation. The calculated results are consistent with the mechanism of the hydrogen bond strengthening in the electronically excited state, while contrast with mechanism of hydrogen bond cleavage. Furthermore, we believe that the transient hydrogen bond strengthening behavior in electroniclly excited state of chromophores in hydrogen‐donating solvents exists in many other systems in solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Psychotherapy for self‐stigma among rural clients
Authors: Larson Jonathon E. , Corrigan Patrick W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe stigma of mental disorders and psychological treatment afflicts rural clients more than most. This article provides practitioners with guidance in selecting and utilizing effective treatments for self‐stigma in rural settings. We review both public stigma and self‐stigma. Public stigma explains society's negative impact on individuals, while self‐stigma describes an individual's internalization of public stigma. We review treatment principles and empirical research on psychotherapy for self‐stigma rural settings. We finish with a case illustration of cognitive therapy with a rural client suffering from self‐stigma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–13, 2010.
Hürthle cell neoplasm: Correlation of gray‐scale and power Doppler sonographic findings with gross pathology
Authors: Lee Sang Kwon , Rho Byung Hak , Woo Seong‐Ku 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground.To describe gray‐scale and power Doppler (PD) sonographic (US) findings of Hürthle cell neoplasms (HCNs) of the thyroid gland, and to determine if there is any correlation between US and gross pathologic features.Method.This retrospective study included 30 pathologically proven HCNs in 30 subjects who underwent preoperative gray‐scale and PD US examinations. The size, shape, margin, echogenicity, echotexture, presence or absence of cystic change, calcifications and halo sign, and vascularity at PD US were evaluated.Result.The longest diameter of HCNs ranged from 12 mm to 63 mm. The shape and margins of the mass were ovoid and smooth, respectively, in all cases. The echogenicity was hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, or mixed in 43.3%, 33.3%, 10.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. The echotexture was heterogeneous in 73.3% and homogeneous in 26.7%. Cystic change was present in 56.7% and involved less than 25% of the volume of the mass in 50.0% and 26–50% of the volume in 6.7%. Coarse calcifications were present in 20.0%. Halo sign was present in all cases. The vascularity was combined peri‐ and intranodular in all cases: predominantly intranodular in 50.0%, predominantly perinodular in 46.7%, and of the “inferno” type in 3.3%. All HCNs were encapsulated on gross pathologic examination.Conclusion.Although many of the US features we observed were nonspecific, HCNs tend to have a halo sign and combined peri‐ and intranodular vascularity on US, which raises the possibility of an association. The US halo sign corresponds to tumor capsule ongross pathologic examination. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010