bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression associated with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and the effect of somatotherapy
Authors: TAKAHASHI Sho , MIZUKAMI Katsuyoshi , YASUNO Fumihiko , ASADA Takashi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground:  Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common type of dementia. It is difficult to make an initial diagnosis of DLB because of a variety of early symptoms, including psychosis‐like and depressive states. In this study, we examined the characteristic depressive symptoms of the prestage of DLB and the efficacy and safety of somatotherapy for depression accompanying DLB.Methods:  Subjects in the study were 167 consecutive clinical cases aged 50 years or more, hospitalized at Tsukuba University Hospital from December 2002 to September 2007. At the time of admission, patients were diagnosed with certain types of mood disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition Text Revision. For each subject, a series of neuropsychological tests, along with a standard psychiatric and neurological assessment and biological examinations, were conducted. Using the data from these exams, we diagnosed probable and possible DLB according to the criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies established by McKeith et al.1 We compared patients' depressive symptoms according to the Hamilton Depression Scale, and distinguished between patients with depression associated with DLB and those with other mood disorders.2 We also examined the efficacy and safety of somatotherapy (electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)) for patients with drug therapy–resistant depression associated with DLB.Results: 1 The characteristic symptoms of patients with DLB were classified into two groups: psychotic and non‐psychotic. The former consisted of patients with states such as delusion and agitation, and the latter included patients exhibiting psychomotor retardation, loss of insight and hypochondriasis.2 Eight DLB patients with therapy‐resistant depression underwent ECT. After ECT, significant improvement was observed, with no remarkable safety hazards. Six patients with drug therapy–resistant DLB underwent TMS. TMS appears to be an effective, safe remedy for this kind of patient.Conclusions: • A total of 13.8% of patients came to be re‐diagnosed as having DLB as a consequence of a thorough examination after admission.• Patients with depression associated with DLB were classified into psychotic and non‐psychotic clusters.• ECT and TMS are effective and safe therapeutic tools for drug therapy–resistant depression observed in DLB patients.
Quantifying tissue level ischemia: Hypoxia response element‐luciferase transfection in a rabbit ear model
Authors: Said Hakim K. , Roy Nakshatra K. , Gurjala Anandev N. , Mustoe Thomas A. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTIschemia is a common underlying factor in a number of pathologic conditions ranging from cardiac dysfunction to delayed wound healing. Previous efforts have shown the resulting hypoxia activates the hypoxia inducible factor, a transcription factor with signaling effects through an intranuclear hypoxia response element (HRE). We hypothesized that ischemic conditions should activate these hypoxic signaling pathways in a measurable manner. We tested our hypothesis using variations of an established rabbit ear ischemic wound model and an HRE‐luciferase‐reporter gene construct. This plasmid construct was transfected into the ears of young, female New Zealand White rabbits, harvested at day 7 and processed to yield a reactive solution. Luminometry was used to quantify luciferase expression in each solution as a marker for HRE activation in each wound. Quantitative readings of hypoxic signaling as measured by luminescence yielded profound and statistically significant differences between the various ischemic models. Our results suggest that the biologic systems for hypoxic signaling can be used to detect local ischemia. HRE‐luciferase transfection is an effective tool for quantifying the degree of tissue hypoxia. The caudal ischemic rabbit ear model showed significantly higher levels of hypoxia. Use of a validated model that produces sufficient tissue levels of hypoxia is recommended for meaningful study of ischemic wound healing.
Basic fibroblast growth factor induces down‐regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin and reduction of myofibroblast areas in open skin wounds
Authors: Ishiguro Shigeki , Akasaka Yoshikiyo , Kiguchi Hideko , Suzuki Takeya , Imaizumi Risa , Ishikawa Yukio , Ito Kinji , Ishii Toshiharu 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTTo examine the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the inhibition of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression in dermal fibroblasts, we have established two dermal myofibroblastic cell lines positive for α‐SMA (rat myofibroblasts [RMF] and rat myofibroblast‐like [RMFL] cells) and one fibroblastic cell line negative for α‐SMA (rat fibroblasts cells) as a model of fibroblast differentiation. In contrast to the increased expression of α‐SMA in RMF and RMFL cells, irrespective of transforming growth factor‐β1 treatment, bFGF induced a decrease in α‐SMA expression in the myofibroblastic cells and the reduced expression patterns of α‐SMA differed between cells, as demonstrated by Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. Along with the inhibition of α‐SMA expression by bFGF, the RMF and RMFL cells also showed different activated expression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, suggesting the involvement of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 activation in the down‐regulation of α‐SMA expression in myofibroblasts. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrated that bFGF administration markedly decreases the area that is positive for α‐SMA expression in the treated wounds after day 18. In contrast, bFGF administration significantly increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining and α‐SMA‐positive cells at days 10 and 14, and reduced the double‐positive cells rapidly after day 18. Collectively, the current investigation identified bFGF as a potent stimulator for the reduction of the myofibroblastic area in vivo, presumably because of its effects on the down‐regulation of α‐SMA expression as well as rapid induction of apoptosis in myofibroblasts.
Assessment of microcirculatory influence on cellular morphology in human burn wound healing using reflectance‐mode‐confocal microscopy
Authors: Altintas Ahmet Ali , Altintas Mehmet Ali , Ipaktchi Kyros , Guggenheim Merlin , Theodorou Pauangiotis , Amini Peymaneh , Spilker Gerald 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have assessed the effects of changes in microcirculation on wound healing; however, the influence of microcirculation on tissue histomorphology remains widely unknown. Reflectance‐mode‐confocal microscopy (RMCM) enables in vivo tissue observation on a cellular level. We present RMCM data evaluating the local microcirculation and assess the influence on histomorphology during burn healing. RMCM was performed in 12 patients (aged; 36.2±14.2 years, maximum‐burn‐extent: 4% total body surface area) at times 12, 36, and 72 hours after a superficial burn. The following parameters were assessed: quantitative blood‐cell‐flow (cbf), epidermal thickness (Emin), basal‐layer thickness (tbl), and granular cell‐size (Agran). Cbf was found to be 54±3.6 cells/minutes (control), increased to 91±3.6 cells/minutes (p<0.05) 12 hours postburn; decreased to 71±6.1 cells/minutes (p<0.05) (36 hours), and to 63±2.3 cells/minutes (p>0.05) 72 hours postburn. Emin was 43.74±3.87 μm (control), increased to 51.67±4.04 μm (p<0.05) 12 hours, decreased to 48.67±3.51 μm (p<0.05) 36 hours, and to 45.33±3.21 μm (p>0.05) at 72 hours postburn. Tbl was 14.17±0.6 μm (control), increased to 16.93±1.15 μm (p<0.05) 12 hours, decreased to 15.93±1.20 μm (p<0.05) 32 hours, and to 15.00±0.85 μm (p>0.05) 72 hours postburn. Agran was 718±56.20 μm2 (control), increased to 901±66.02 μm2 (p<0.05) 12 hours, decreased to 826±56.86 μm2 36 hours, and 766±65.06 μm2 at 72 hours postburn. RMCM enables in vivo observation of wound microcirculation and allows direct assessment of vascular effects on cutaneous histomorphology during the healing course of superficial burns.
Metamorphic P–T conditions and thermal structure of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling main hole eclogites: Fe–Mg partitioning thermometer vs. Zr‐in‐rutile thermometer
Authors: ZHANG R. Y. , IIZUKA Y. , ERNST W. G. , LIOU J. G. , XU Z.‐Q. , TSUJIMORI T. , LO C.‐H. , JAHN B.‐M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCore rocks recovered from the main hole (5158 m deep) of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD‐MH) project, southern Sulu UHP terrane, east‐central China, consist of eclogites, various gneisses and minor metaperidotite cumulates; this lithological section underwent subduction‐zone UHP metamorphism. Coesite‐bearing eclogites are mainly present between the depths of 100–2000 m, but below 2000 m, mafic eclogites are rare. Selected elements (Zr, Nb, Cr, Fe, Si, Mg, Al & Ti) in rutile from 39 eclogite cores from 100 to 2774 m, and major elements of minerals from representative eclogites were analysed by electron microprobe. Zirconium and Nb concentrations of rutile cluster ∼100–400 and 200–700 ppm respectively. However, Zr and Nb contents in rutile from strongly retrograded eclogites show larger variations than those of fresh or less retrograded eclogites, implying that somehow fluid infiltration affected rutile chemistry during retrograde metamorphism. Zr contents in rutile inclusions in garnet and omphacite are slightly lower than those of the matrix rutile, suggesting that the rutile inclusions formed before or close to the peak temperature. The P–T conditions of the CCSD‐MH eclogites were estimated by both Fe–Mg exchange and Zr‐in‐rutile thermometers, as well as by the Grt–Cpx–Phn–Ky geothermobarometer. The maximum temperature range of 700–811 °C calculated at 40 kbar using the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometer is comparable with temperature estimates by the Fe–Mg exchange thermometer. The temperature estimates of eclogites in a ∼3000 m thick section define a continuous gradient, and do not show a distinct temperature gap, suggesting that the rocks from 100 to 3000 m depth might belong to a single, large‐scale UHP slab. These data combined with P–T calculations for CCSD‐MH peridotites yield a low geotherm (∼5 °C km−1) for the Triassic subduction zone between the Sino‐Korean and Yangtze cratons; it lies ∼30–35 mW m−2 conductive model geotherm.
From Psychoneurosis to ICHD‐2: An Overview of the State of the Art in Post‐Traumatic Headache
Authors: Gladstone Jonathan 
Published: July 2009

Post‐traumatic headache (PTH) is an important public health issue – head injuries are common, headache is the most common sequelae of head injuries, and PTH can be particularly disabling. Fortunately, for most individuals with PTH, the headache gradually dissipates over a period of several days, weeks, or months either spontaneously or aided by non‐pharmacologic and/or pharmacologic management. Regrettably, for a minority of head‐injured individuals, the PTH is intractable and disabling despite aggressive and comprehensive treatment.Unfortunately, there are many prejudices against individuals with PTH. Frequently, the presence or absence of litigation and/or the mechanism of head injury (sports‐related trauma, slip‐and‐fall injury, motor vehicle accident, or military service‐related injury) biases physicians' views on the legitimacy of the patient's PTH. Accordingly, this review attempts to summarize the state of the art of our understanding of PTH. This clinical review highlights: (a) views on PTH throughout the last few centuries, (b) the ICHD‐2 classification of PTH, (c) the epidemiology of head injuries and PTH, (d) the clinical characteristics of PTH, (e) PTH related postconcussive symptoms, (f) pathophysiology of PTH, (g) evaluation of PTH, and (h) management of PTH.
ABO‐identical versus nonidentical platelet transfusion: a systematic review
Authors: Shehata Nadine , Tinmouth Alan , Naglie Gary , Freedman John , Wilson Kumanan 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: The significance of ABO matching for platelet (PLT) transfusion has not been clearly defined. The primary objective of this report is to assess whether ABO‐identical PLT transfusion is associated with improved mortality and/or morbidity for patients with hematologic/oncologic disorders.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic review to January 2009 was conducted. Data on mortality, morbidity, PLT refractoriness, and PLT increment after transfusion were abstracted.RESULTS: A total of 100 citations were identified. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. A total of 1502 patients from three randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies were included. Survival, bleeding events, and transfusion reactions were only considered as secondary outcomes in the reports reviewed. The PLT count increment was the primary outcome of several studies and was consistently higher with ABO‐identical PLT transfusion. The largest difference in increment between ABO‐identical and nonidentical PLT transfusion was 4 × 109/L. No consistent benefit in clinical outcomes was noted. Survival was assessed in three reports with conflicting results. Although two studies described bleeding as an outcome, the assessment of hemorrhage was considered inadequate. In six studies, ABO‐nonidentical PLT transfusion was not associated with transfusion reactions, and the results from four studies addressing the impact of ABO‐identical PLT transfusion on PLT and red blood cell utilization were conflicting.CONCLUSION: ABO‐identical PLT transfusion results in a higher PLT increment. Randomized controlled trials are required to definitely determine the effect of ABO‐identical PLT transfusion on survival, bleeding events, or transfusion reactions.
BLOOD COMPONENTS: Red blood cell hemolysis during blood bank storage: using national quality management data to answer basic scientific questions
Authors: Hess John R. , Sparrow Rosemary L. , Van Der Meer Pieter F. , Acker Jason P. , Cardigan Rebecca A. , Devine Dana V. 
Published: July 2009

BACKGROUND: Hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) during blood bank storage is the most obvious manifestation of RBC storage system failure. However, its analysis is made difficult because the largest source of interunit difference is donor specific. Availability of data from national blood systems on large numbers of RBC units used for internal quality control (QC) purposes and stored and processed in uniform ways permits statistical analysis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Measures of hemolysis during and at the end of storage on randomly selected donor units observed for QC purposes were obtained from four national blood systems. Groups of these measures from units that had undergone similar processing and storage were sorted to create histograms and the histograms were compared statistically.RESULTS: A total of 14,087 measures were obtained under seven storage conditions, including more than 12,000 measures made in a single country under four closely related conditions. Distributions of percent hemolysis are skewed normal and outliers are random. Additive solutions appear to be equivalent, except that the 42 mmol/L mannitol in AS‐1 reduces hemolysis compared to conventional 30 mmol/L mannitol in saline, adenine, glucose, and mannitol. Increasing storage from 35 to 42 days increased measured hemolysis by 30% and leukoreduction decreased it by 53%.CONCLUSIONS: Large national data sets provide useful information about the distribution of hemolysis at the end of RBC storage. This information can aid blood storage system development and regulatory science.
The Path Not Taken: Leonard White and the Macrodynamics of Administrative Development
Authors: Roberts Alasdair 
Published: July 2009

Leonard White, The Federalists: A Study in Administrative History (New York: Macmillan, 1948). Leonard White, The Jeffersonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1801–1829 (New York: Macmillan, 1951). Leonard White, The Jacksonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1829–1861 (New York: Macmillan, 1954). Leonard White, The Republican Era, 1869–1901: A Study in Administrative History (New York, Macmillan, 1958). This is a review of four books by Leonard White: The Federalists (1948), The Jeffersonians (1951), The Jacksonians (1954), and The Republican Era (1958). In these books, White develops an approach to the study of administrative development that accounts for a broad range of considerations, including political and economic structure, the organization of the international order, popular culture, the stock of available communication and organizational technologies, and executive talent. White also offers an early argument about the significance of path dependence in institutional evolution. White's approach is largely concerned with the macrodynamics of administrative development. It has been neglected within the field of public administration over the last half century. A literature that builds on White's work would improve the field's ability to explain and anticipate failures in state building and administrative reform.
Higher‐Order Systematic Comoments and Asset Pricing: New Evidence
Authors: Nguyen Duong , Puri Tribhuvan N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe provide evidence supporting Rubinstein's (1973) model that if returns are not normal, measuring risk requires more than just measuring covariance. Higher‐order systematic comoments should be important to risk‐averse investors who are concerned about the extreme outcomes of their investments. Our paper shows that the Fama‐French factors [SMB (return on small stocks less the return on big stocks), HML (return on high book‐to‐market stocks less the return on low book‐to‐market stocks)] as well as the momentum and market liquidity factors can be explained by the higher‐order systematic comoments, and it lends support to the traditional covariance risk‐based theory without having to resort to behavior assumptions.
The Forex Forward Puzzle: The Career Risk Hypothesis
Authors: Liu Fang , Sercu Piet 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe conjecture that the forward puzzle may reflect career risks. When professional investors observe public danger signals about a currency, they require a premium for holding it. We find evidence of this in Exchange Rate Mechanism rates. As deep discounts do signal danger, we next specify nonlinear variants of the Fama regression to capture this risk. We also decompose the forward premium into a long‐memory trend and short‐term component. We find empirical evidence for a career risk premium; risk is in fact dominant in the trend component while the short‐term component loads more on expectations. All confidence intervals are calculated via Monte Carlo.
Uncontrolled Hemorrhage in Insulin‐dependent Diabetic Rats
Authors: Morley Eric J. , Paladino Lorenzo , Tham Edward , Gantman Miriam , Carrer Alexandra , Yakabov Michael , Kelly Shane , Sinert Richard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for higher morbidity and mortality after trauma. The authors tested the hypothesis that there is a difference in the response to uncontrolled hemorrhage between normal euglycemic rats and insulin‐dependent diabetic rats.Methods: Thirty‐one adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used in this study. Fifteen streptozocin (STZ)‐injected rats became diabetic (DM+) 2 weeks after treatment. Sixteen rats served as nondiabetic controls (DM–). All rats were anesthetized with Althesin and their femoral arteries were catheterized via cutdown, allowing continuous monitoring of vital signs. Sixteen (eight DM–, eight DM+) rats underwent uncontrolled hemorrhage by 75% tail amputation. Fifteen (eight DM–, seven DM+) rats served as nonhemorrhage controls. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), lactate, and cumulative hemorrhage volume per 100 g were measured prehemorrhage and then every 15 minutes posthemorrhage for 2 hours. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Interval data were analyzed by analysis of variance (two tails, α = 0.05).Results: Prehemorrhage glucose was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the DM+ (357.9 ± 22.2 mg/dL) versus DM– (125.7 ± 9.7 mg/dL) rats. At baseline, there was no significant difference in weight, MAP, or lactate between DM+ and DM– rats. Body‐weight‐adjusted mean cumulative hemorrhage volume was significantly greater (p < 0.04) in diabetic rats (2.52 ± 0.15 cm3/100 g body weight) than the nondiabetic rats (1.86 ± 0.25 cm3/100 g body weight).Conclusions: Compared to nondiabetic rats, diabetic rats suffered a greater blood loss after the same uncontrolled vascular injury.
Autophagy inhibition enhances vorinostat‐induced apoptosis via ubiquitinated protein accumulation
Authors: Carew Jennifer S. , Medina Ernest C. , Esquivel II Juan A. , Mahalingam Devalingam , Swords Ronan , Kelly Kevin , Zhang Hui , Huang Peng , Mita Alain C. , Mita Monica M. , Giles Francis J. , Nawrocki Steffan T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cell survival pathway that enables cells to recoup ATP and other critical biosynthetic molecules during nutrient deprivation or exposure to hypoxia, which are hallmarks of the tumour microenvironment. Autophagy has been implicated as a potential mechanism of resistance to anticancer agents as it can promote cell survival in the face of stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents by breaking down cellular components to generate alternative sources of energy. Disruption of autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) induces the accumulation of ubiquitin‐conjugated proteins in a manner similar to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ). However, CQ‐induced protein accumulation occurs at a slower rate and is localized to lysosomes in contrast to BZ, which stimulates rapid buildup of ubiquitinated proteins and aggresome formation in the cytosol. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat (VOR) blocked BZ‐induced aggresome formation, but promoted CQ‐mediated ubiquitinated protein accumulation. Disruption of autophagy with CQ strongly enhanced VOR‐mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Accordingly, knockdown of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 also sensitized cells to VOR‐induced apoptosis. Knockdown of HDAC6 greatly enhanced BZ‐induced apoptosis, but only marginally sensitized cells to CQ. Subsequent studies determined that the CQ/VOR combination promoted a large increase in superoxide generation that was required for ubiquitinated protein accumulation and cell death. Finally, treatment with the CQ/VOR combination significantly reduced tumour burden and induced apoptosis in a colon cancer xenograft model. Collectively, our results establish that inhibition of autophagy with CQ induces ubiquitinated protein accumulation and VOR potentiates CQ‐mediated aggregate formation, superoxide generation and apoptosis.