bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy and Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Operable Breast Cancer: Tolerability and Adverse Event Data From the NCCTG Phase III Trial N9831
Authors: Halyard Michele Y. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Dueck Amylou C. , Suman Vera , Pierce Lori , Solin Larry , Marks Larry , Davidson Nancy , Martino Silvana , Kaufman Peter , Kutteh Leila , Dakhil Shaker R. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: April 2009

Purpose To assess whether trastuzumab (H) with radiotherapy (RT) increases adverse events (AEs) after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy. Patients and Methods Patients with early-stage resected human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) –positive breast cancer (BC) were randomly assigned to doxorubicin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C), followed by weekly paclitaxel (T; AC-T-H or AC-TH-H). RT criteria (with or without nodal RT) were postlumpectomy breast or (optional) postmastectomy chest wall. RT of internal mammary nodes was prohibited. RT commenced within 5 weeks after T, concurrently with H. Analysis included 1,503 irradiated patients for RT-associated AEs across treatment arms. Rates of cardiac events (CEs) with and without RT were compared within arms. Results No significant differences among arms were found in incidence of acute skin reaction, pneumonitis, dyspnea, cough, dysphagia, or neutropenia. A significant difference occurred in incidence of leukopenia, with higher rates for AC-T-H versus AC-T (odds ratio = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.88). At a median follow-up of 3.7 years (range, 0 to 6.5 years), RT with H did not increase relative frequency of CEs regardless of treatment side. The cumulative incidence of CEs with AC-T-H was 2.7% with or without RT. With AC-TH-H, the cumulative incidence was 1.7% v 5.9% with or without RT, respectively. Conclusion Concurrent adjuvant RT and H for early-stage BC was not associated with increased acute AEs. Further follow-up is required to assess late AEs.
Phase I Study of Ixabepilone, Mitoxantrone, and Prednisone in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Previously Treated With Docetaxel-Based Therapy: A Study of the Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium
Authors: Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Ryan Charles J. , Weinberg Vivian K. , Smith David C. , Hussain Maha , Beer Tomasz M. , Ryan Christopher W. , Mathew Paul , Pagliaro Lance C. , Harzstark Andrea L. , Sharib Jeremy , Small Eric J. 
Published: April 2009

Purpose Mitoxantrone plus prednisone and ixabepilone each have modest activity as second-line chemotherapy in docetaxel-refractory castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Clinical noncrossresistance was previously observed. Patients and Methods Metastatic CRPC patients progressing during or after taxane-based chemotherapy enrolled in a phase I multicenter study of ixabepilone and mitoxantrone administered every 21 days along with prednisone. Ixabepilone and mitoxantrone doses were alternately escalated in a standard 3 + 3 design. Patients were evaluated for toxicity and disease response. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined as treatment related, occurring during cycle 1, and included grade 4 prolonged or febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia (grade 4 or grade 3 with bleeding), or ≥ grade 3 nonhematologic toxicity. Results Thirty-six patients were treated; 59% of patients experienced grade 3/4 neutropenia. DLTs included grade 3 diarrhea (n = 1), prolonged grade 4 neutropenia (n = 4), and grade 5 neutropenic infection (n = 1). Due to prolonged neutropenia, the highest dose levels were repeated with pegfilgrastim on day 2 of each cycle. The maximum tolerated dose in combination with pegfilgrastim was not exceeded. The recommended phase II dose is mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 and ixabepilone 35 mg/m2 every 21 days, pegfilgrastim 6 mg subcutaneously day 2, and continuous prednisone 5 mg twice per day. Thirty-one percent of patients have experienced ≥ 50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines, and two experienced objective responses. Of 21 patients treated with mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 plus ixabepilone ≥ 30 mg/m2, nine (43%) experienced ≥ 50% PSA declines (95% CI, 22% to 66%). Conclusion These results suggest that the combination of ixabepilone and mitoxantrone is feasible and active in CRPC and requires dosing with pegfilgrastim.
Phase III Trial of Irinotecan/Cisplatin Compared With Etoposide/Cisplatin in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical and Pharmacogenomic Results From SWOG S0124
Authors: Lara Primo N. , Natale Ronald , Crowley John , Lenz Heinz Josef , Redman Mary W. , Carleton Jane E. , Jett James , Langer Corey J. , Kuebler J. Philip , Dakhil Shaker R. , Chansky Kari , Gandara David R. 
Published: April 2009

Purpose Irinotecan plus cisplatin (IP) improved survival over etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) in Japanese patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (E-SCLC). To confirm those results and discern the potential role of population-related pharmacogenomics (PG) in outcomes, we conducted a large randomized trial of identical design to the Japanese trial in North American patients with E-SCLC. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to IP (irinotecan 60 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15; cisplatin 60 mg/m2 day 1, every 4 weeks) or EP (etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3; cisplatin 80 mg/m2 day 1, every 3 weeks). Blood specimens for genomic DNA analysis were collected before random assignment in 169 patients. Results Of 671 patients, 651 were eligible (324 and 327 patients in the IP and EP arms, respectively). Response rates with IP and EP were 60% and 57%, respectively (P = .56). Median progression-free survival for IP and EP was 5.8 and 5.2 months, respectively (P = .07). Median overall survival for IP and EP was 9.9 and 9.1 months, respectively (P = .71). Severe diarrhea was more common with IP (19% v 3%); severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were higher with EP versus IP (68% v 33% and 15% v 4%, respectively). PG analysis showed that ABCB1 (C3435T)T/T (membrane transport) was associated with IP-related diarrhea; UGT1A1 (G-3156A)A/A (drug metabolism) was associated with IP-related neutropenia. Conclusion This large North American trial failed to confirm the previously reported survival benefit observed with IP in Japanese patients. Both regimens produced comparable efficacy, with less hematologic and greater gastrointestinal toxicity with IP. These results emphasize the potential importance of PG in interpreting trials of cancer therapy.
Concurrent dual allergen exposure and its effects on airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in mice
Authors: DiGiovanni Franco A. , Ellis Russ , Wattie Jennifer , Hirota Jeremy A. , Southam David S. , Inman Mark D. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARY
Experimental mouse models of asthma have broadened our understanding of the mechanisms behind allergen-induced asthma. Typically, mouse models of allergic asthma explore responses to a single allergen; however, patients with asthma are frequently exposed to, and tend to be allergic to, more than one allergen. The aim of the current study was to develop a new and more relevant mouse model of asthma by measuring the functional, inflammatory and structural consequences of chronic exposure to a combination of two different allergens, ovalbumin (OVA) and house dust mite (HDM), in comparison with either allergen alone. BALB/c mice were sensitized and exposed to OVA, HDM or the combination of HDM and OVA for a period of 10 weeks. Following allergen exposure, airway responsiveness was measured using the flexiVent small animal ventilator, and mice were assessed for indices of airway inflammation and remodeling at both 24 hours and 4 weeks after the final allergen exposure. Mice exposed to the HDM-OVA combination exhibited increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) when compared with mice exposed to a single allergen. Mice exposed to HDM-OVA also exhibited an elevated level of lung tissue mast cells compared with mice exposed to a single allergen. Following the resolution of inflammatory events, mice exposed to the allergen combination displayed an elevation in the maximal degree of total respiratory resistance (Max RRS) compared with mice exposed to a single allergen. Furthermore, trends for increases in indices of airway remodeling were observed in mice exposed to the allergen combination compared with a single allergen. Although concurrent exposure to HDM and OVA resulted in increased aspects of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and airway remodeling when compared with exposure to each allergen alone, concurrent exposure did not result in a substantially more robust mouse model of allergic asthma than exposure to either allergen alone.
A novel in-vehicle real-time brake-monitoring system
Authors: Fumi D E , Sultan I A 
Published: April 2009

The design of vehicle brake systems involves optimizing a large number of competing parameters. In order to find an appropriate balance of properties, it is important to have a good picture of the range of operating conditions that the system will operate under. Obtaining such information for a large range of driving conditions requires recording data over a long period of time from a number of vehicles under various driving conditions. In this paper, a proposed data acquisition system has been designed, constructed, and implemented to measure and to store in real time the performance-related parameters of brake systems. The system proposed here to monitor brake performance employs a small embedded personal computer together with a number of peripheral cards as its basis. As a part of the validation process, recordings have been made of some long-term test sequences during a brake development programme. The results, which would be considered representative of normal confident driving, are given and discussed at the end of the paper. These results are used to monitor brake performance and do offer valuable guidance for future brake design projects.
Significance of phyllosilicate mineralogy and mineral chemistry in an epithermal environment. Insights from the palai-islica Au-Cu deposit (Almería, SE Spain)
Authors: Carrillo-Rosúa Javier , Morales-Ruano Salvador , Esteban-Arispe Iñaki , Fenoll Hach-Alí Purificación 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPhyllosilicate mineralogy is key to understanding hydrothermal processes within accepted epithermal deposit models but little information has been published about the mineral chemistry of epithermal deposits. X-ray diffraction, optical and electronic microscopy (scanning and transmitted), electron microprobe, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used in this work to study phyllosilicates in the Palai-Islica Au-Cu epithermal, volcanic-hosted deposit, in order to link phyllosilicate mineralogy and mineral chemistry to ore genesis. Different phyllosilicate assemblages are characteristic of two types of mineralization, and related hydrothermal alteration. Chlorite and mica appear in polymetallic quartz veins with sulfides, and in the related chloritic and sericitic hydrothermal alteration. These minerals have notable textural and chemical differences (i.e. Fe/(Fe+Mg), Si and Al in chlorite and illitic and phengitic components in mica) amongst veins and altered rocks, revealing different genetic conditions. These chemical features also distinguish propylitic and regional, non ore-related, low-temperature alteration. Hot hydrothermal fluids of near-neutral pH are responsible for vein mineralization and alteration. Illite, interstratified illite-smectite, kaolinite, and pyrophyllite are characteristic, with a distribution pattern by zones, of the intermediate argillic and advanced argillic alteration around areas of silicification. In the latter, native gold appears associated with interstratified illite-smectite, suggesting a relatively low-temperature formation. Hot, low-pH fluids are responsible for this mineralization and alteration assemblage. The present study contributes to epithermal models showing the co-existence of two different alteration styles in the same hydrothermal system.
X-Ray diffraction line-broadening study on two vibrating, dry-milling procedures in kaolinites
Authors: Pardo Pablo , Bastida Joaquín , Serrano Francisco J. , Ibáñez Rafael , Kojdecki Marek A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDue to the great technological importance of the microstructure of kaolinite, characterizing its evolution during dry milling of kaolin and analyzing the microstructural information obtained from different methods were the main aims of this work. The microstructural alteration of kaolinite is evaluated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods, comparing the results obtained and analyzing the correlations between them. The Warren-Averbach and Voigt-function methods of X-ray diffraction microstructural analysis have been applied successfully to the study of the effects of two different, vibrating-cup dry-milling configurations in the microstructure of kaolinite from the reflections corresponding to (001) diffracting planes. The crystallite-size estimates obtained from the two methods correlate well. Field emission scanning electron microscopy measurements of kaolinite particle thickness are in good agreement with the crystallite size estimated by the two methods. The Warren-Averbach method also provided estimates of the contribution to line broadening. Vibrating-cup milling has been proved to be a more efficient method of strain comminution of kaolinites than other milling techniques, reaching extensive microstructural degradation within seconds.
Rapid and direct synthesis of spherical organotalc
Authors: Jaber Maguy , Gaslain Fabrice O. M. , Miehé-Brendlé Jocelyne 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOrganotalcs, in which organic moieties are covalently bonded to Si atoms belonging to the tetrahedral sheets, are usually prepared by a sol-gel process starting from ethanolic solution of Mg nitrate, organo-alcoxysilanes, and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. In this case, gypsum-like particles are obtained. In this work, evaporation-induced self-assembly within aerosols was used for the first time in order to prepare organotalc spheres. These hybrid lamellar materials can be used as environmental barriers, as polymer fillers, and as catalytic supports. Using octyltriethoxysilane as a source of Si, spherical particles with sizes ranging from 20 nm to 1 µm are obtained. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy images show that the d001 value equals 2.8 nm meaning that, in this case, organic moities are either alternatively distributed or identically tilted in the interlayer space. Compared to the classical synthesis at room temperature or in autoclaves, and besides being a continuous process, the reaction time is reduced to several minutes instead of hours. Homogeneous forms are obtained by aerosol whereas irregular shapes are obtained in the classical synthesis.
Magnetic enhancement during the crystallization of ferrihydrite at 25 and 50°C
Authors: Cabello E. , Morales M. P. , Serna C. J. , Barrón V. , Torrent J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSoil formation usually results in an increase in magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic properties of the products of transformation of ferrihydrite, a typical precursor of other soil Fe oxides, were examined in the present work. Synthetic 2-line ferrihydrite was aged at two temperatures (25 and 50°C) and two different relative humidities (80 and 100%) in the presence of silicate, phosphate, citrate, and tartrate as adsorbed ligands (molar anion/Fe ratio = 1–3%). The ligands delayed or prevented the transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite. The magnetic susceptibility of the ferrihydrite transformation products increased with aging, the rate of increase depending on the type of ligand added and its concentration. The largest increase in magnetic susceptibility, sixfold, was obtained with ferrihydrite in a citrate/Fe ratio of 1%, after 1500 days. The resulting magnetic products exihibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and high coercivity at 5 K. The formation of an intermediate ferrimagnetic phase in the ferrihydrite-to-hematite transformation might explain the magnetic enhancement observed in many aerobic soils lacking other sources of magnetic minerals.
Hydrogen bonding and vibrational spectra in kaolinite-dimethylsulfoxide and -dimethylselenoxide intercalates — A solid-state computational study
Authors: Scholtzová Eva , Smrčok L’ubomír 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aims of this study were to obtain accurate structural information on the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylselenoxide (DMSeO) kaolinite intercalates, paying close attention to the hydrogen-bond geometries, and to provide a detailed interpretation of the individual vibrational modes of intercalates under study and relate their energies to the formation of the hydrogen bonds. Accurate positions of all the atoms in the structures of kaolinite:dimethylsulfoxide (K:DMSO) and kaolinite:dimethylselenoxide (K:DMSeO) intercalates have been obtained by the total energy minimization in solid state at density functional theory (DFT) level of the theory. The bond distances and angles in the kaolinite 1:1 layer are in good agreement with those reported in the most recent single-crystal refinement of kaolinite. Computed geometries of DMSO and DMSeO agree well with the high-quality diffraction data and independent theoretical ab initio calculations. The organic molecules are fixed in the interlayer space mainly by three moderately strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, of different strengths, with the O⋯O contact distances being within 2.739–2.932 Å (K:DMSO) and 2.681–2.849 Å (K:DMSeO). Substantially weaker C-H⋯O and O-H⋯S(Se) contacts play only a supporting role. The optimized atomic coordinates were used to calculate the individual vibrational modes between 0 and 4000 cm−1. The maximum red shifts of the OH-stretching modes caused by the formation of the O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were 407 cm−1 (K-DMSO) and 537 cm−1 (K-DMeSO), respectively. The Al-O-H bending modes are spread over the large interval of 100–1200 cm−1, but the dominant contributions are concentrated between 800 and 1200 cm−1. Theoretically calculated energies of the OH- and CH-stretching modes show good agreement with the previously published figures obtained from the infrared and Raman spectra of these intercalates.
A new massive deposit of allophane raw material in Ecuador
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Kaufhold Annette , Jahn Reinhold , Brito Salomón , Dohrmann Reiner , Hoffmann Rainer , Gliemann Hartmut , Weidler Peter , Frechen Manfred 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Ecuador, DINAGE (known today as the Servicio Geológico Nacional) and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources have discovered a huge allophane deposit covering an area of >4000 km2. This study presents the results from an investigation of a 16-m thick vertical sequence from this deposit, supposedly the weathering product of two different volcanic ash deposits. In particular, the distribution of alkali metals within the uppermost layer indicates that the weathering process is still ongoing.According to the mineralogical composition, an allophane-rich layer (allophane facies) could be distinguished from the underlying halloysite-rich layer (halloysite facies). A 2-m thick transition zone is characterized by the presence of gibbsite and intermediate specific surface area values. Only a few imogolite fibers could be identified (by scanning electron microscopy), indicating the dominance of allophane over imogolite in the allophane facies. Single allophane particles were investigated by atomic force microscopy, though this method was less accurate than transmission electron microscopy with respect to the determination of the primary particle diameter. Carbon isotope analysis (14C) suggested an age of ∼20,000 y for the allophane layer.Within the allophane facies, a 4-m thick layer occurs containing 70–80 wt.% allophane with an N2-BET specific surface area of >300 m2/g. Based on infrared and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements, an Al/Si ratio of 1.3–1.4 was established for this allophane, which is between Al-rich and Si-rich allophane. The allophane layer may be of economic value due to the large allophane content, the small amount of organic matter, and the significant thickness of the deposit.
Extraction of diagenetic and detrital ages and of the 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic ratio from K-Ar dates of clay fractions
Authors: Szczerba Marek , Środoń Jan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIllite age analysis (IAA) is a classical method for extracting diagenetic and detrital ages from mixed ages measured by K-Ar. This approach is based on measuring the masses of diagenetic and detrital illitic components in a few different grain-size fractions of one rock sample and measuring the mixed ages of these fractions. The 1Md illitic polytype is usually considered to be diagenetic, while 2M1 is considered detrital. A plot of the function: exp(λt)−1 (where t is time and λ is the decay constant) vs. weight percent of the detrital fraction is constructed. On the basis of linear extrapolation to end-member fractions, the diagenetic and the detrital age is obtained. This approach does not take into account various K contents in different polytypes (%Kdetrital and %Kdiagenetic). In order to do that, the detrital mass fraction (wt.%detrital) should be recalculated into the percentage of detrital K (%Id(K)):

Analytical constraint of the K content of different polytypes is very difficult, so a new approach to this problem has been developed. In the present study, the plot of 40Ar*/40K vs. %Id(K) for a precisely determined ratio of 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic was observed to be linear. On the basis of this observation, a computer program, MODELAGE, was written in the Java programming language using as input a few measured detrital illite mass fractions along with the mixed K-Ar ages of the relevant grain fractions. It then calculates the end-member ages and the 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic ratio using genetic algorithms.The errors in diagenetic and detrital illite mass-fraction determination mean that the 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic ratio and the end-member ages can be evaluated only with some uncertainty. The best results are obtained if the measured mass fractions represent a relatively broad range. Constraining one of the unknowns (particularly the 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic ratio) improves the results significantly.Evaluation of data obtained from the literature using the proposed approach leads to the conclusion that the 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic ratio is often >1.00, and some of 1Md illite polytype materials may be of detrital origin. If this is not the case, if a broad range of mass fractions is covered, and if the differences between end-member ages are relatively small, IAA analysis still gives appropriate results, even if the true 40Kdetrital/40Kdiagenetic ratio is different from 1.00.