bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTERIOR CHAMBER DEPTH AND PRIMARY ANGLE‐CLOSURE GLAUCOMA
Authors: ALSBIRK P. H. 
Published: May 2009

The genetics of primary angle‐closure glaucoma (a.c.g.) was studied:a) through the prevalence in sibs and children of a.c.g. probands, andb) through the family distribution of the closely correlated axial anterior chamber depth (ACD). The material emerged from an epidemiologic study in Greenland Eskimos.a) Compared with the general population, the observed prevalence of a.c.g. was increased in sibs of a.c.g. probands and the estimated, future prevalence was found to be the same in sibs and children. Age influence prevented a proper Mendelian analysis, but no simple monogenic inheritance seems probable.b) The biometric study showed a relatively shallow chamber in sibs, children, nephews, nieces and grandchildren of a.c.g. probands. Regression analyses revealed a corresponding pattern, also in control families of probands with shallow chambers and in general population families. A heritability of 70% was found, indicating that about two thirds of the age and sex independent variation in ACD seems to be genetic.
BACTERIAL FLORA IN RELATION TO CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: FAHMY J. A. , MØLLER S. , BENTZON M. WEIS 
Published: May 2009

The peroperative flora of 499 patients undergoing cataract extraction was studied with local bacterial cultures taken at the beginning and end of surgery and compared with the preoperative flora examined previously (Fahmy et al. 1975 b) on admission the day prior to surgery.The local application of a single dose of oxytetracycline — polymyxin B, approximately 18 hours before surgery, significantly reduced the incidence of bacteria at the time of surgery. However, 92% of the conjunctivas examined immediately before operation proved to harbour one or more kinds of microorganisms. Futhermore, 61% of the wound sites were found to be contaminated with bacteria at the conclusion of surgery. The reasons are discussed.The origin of Staphylococcus aureus isolated peroperatively from the conjunctiva and wound site was studied. The great majority of strains could be traced to the patient's own conjunctiva preoperatively. In a few cases S. aureus was traced to the patient's own nose, skin of face or to the surgeon's nose. The air of the wards and operating theatre as well as the hands and gloves of surgeons and assistant nurses apparently did not play any role as a source of S. aureus infection.
THE NONCONTACT TONOMETER
Authors: SØRENSEN PER NELLEMANN 
Published: May 2009

The measurement of intraocular pressure with a noncontact tonometer was correlated to a Goldmann tonometer in 20 normal persons, 20 glaucomatous patients, and 8 patients suffering from corneal diseases.In normal persons the error in measurement for the noncontact tonometer was related to their skill in fixation, and in eye patients to height of pressure and corneal state.Acceptable correlation was found between noncontact tonometry and Goldmann applanation tonometry when the cornea was normal and the pressure below 35 mmHg (Goldmann), otherwise noncontact tonometry was only a guide, and in the presence of corneal disease, unreliable. Good fixation reduced the method error. The standard deviation was 1.09 mmHg at poor fixation and 0.60 mmHg at good fixation.Repeated measurements on the same eye with noncontact tonometry did not alter the intraocular tension.
EFFECTS OF DENERVATIONS ON THE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE‐CONTAINING AND FLUORESCENT NERVES OF THE RAT IRIS
Authors: HUHTALA ANTERO , TERVO TIMO , HUIKURI KAUKO T. , PALKAMA ARTO 
Published: May 2009

The thiocholine method for the demonstration of AChE‐containing fibres and the formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence technique for the visualization of adrenergic fibres were employed to study the innervation of the albino rat iris. The following denervations were performed in order to verify the origins of different nerve types: (1) extirpation of the ciliary ganglion, (2) extirpation of the superior cervical ganglion, (3) stereotactic coagulation of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and (4) all possible combinations of the above‐mentioned procedures.The denervations disclosed three main types of AChE‐containing nerves in the iris: (1) nerve fibres degenerating after ciliary ganglionectomy, (2) thick nerve bundles in the dilator region disappearing after trigeminal neurotomy, and (3) fibres remaining intact after any type of denervation. Cervical sympathectomy had no effect on AChE‐positive fibres.Under electron microscope AChE activity could be seen in the axolemma both in unmyelinated and in myelinated fibres.All fluorescent fibres vanished after ipsilateral cervical sympathectomy. Most of these fibres also disappeared after trigeminal neurotomy and the remaining fibres degenerated after subsequent ciliary ganglionectomy. On the basis of the present findings, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Most AChE‐containing fibres of the rat iris originate in the ciliary ganglion. (2) The majority of the myelinated sensory fibres of the rat iris also contain AChE. (3) There is no AChE in the adrenergic fibres of the rat iris. (4) All adrenergic fibres of the rat iris originate in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, and (5) these fibres enter the iris along with both the long and short ciliary nerves.
TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA TREATED WITH THE ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC DRUG TRANEXAMIC ACID
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

During the year 1975 (Jan. 1st‐Dec. 31st) 72 patients, consecutively admitted to the eye department of Århus Kommunehospital with traumatic hyphaema, were treated with the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid. Secondary haemorrhage occurred in one case. This incidence of secondary haemorrhage (1.4%) seems to be the lowest on record.A group of patients from the period 1965–1968, treated identically with the exception of the tranexamic acid, were selected for comparison. This group of 135 patients included 9 cases (6.7%) with a secondary haemorrhage. The difference between these two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.05).
CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS IN NEWBORNS AND CHILDREN
Authors: EHLERS NIELS , SØRENSEN TORBEN , BRAMSEN THORKILD , POULSEN ERIK HOLK 
Published: May 2009

Central corneal thickness was measured optically in premature and full‐term babies, and in children. The thickness was found to decrease from the values found in premature and full‐term babies to those found in small children aged between 2–4 years. The thickness of the adult cornea is reached at the age of about 3 years.These findings are discussed with respect to the possible role of corneal thickness as a biometric parameter, to intraocular pressure measurement, and to corneal thickness steady state regulation.
THE CYCLOPENTOLATE PROVOCATIVE TEST IN SUSPECTED OR UNTREATED OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: VALLE OLAVI 
Published: May 2009

The mydriasis provocative test with 1 % cyclopentolate (CPT) was performed on 218 patients with suspected or untreated open‐angle glaucoma, on 431 eyes in all. Gonioscopy was performed before and during the test to ensure that tc chamber angles were open throughout. The effect of cyclopentolate on intraocular pressure (IOP) in these eyes is reported in the present paper.The mean change in IOP (+ SD) during CPT was +2.5 + 3.1 mmHg in the glaucoma group (196 eyes), +0.4 + 2.5 mmHg in the group with suspicion of open‐angle glaucoma (235 eyes), and +1.4 + 2.9 mmHg in the total series. The difference in IOP change between the groups with glaucoma and suspected glaucoma is statistically highly significant. The incidence of positive responses (IOP rise ≥ 8 mmHg) in the glaucoma group (8.7 %>: 17 eyes) was significantly higher than in the suspicion group (1.7%: 4 eyes). Significant IOP elevations in the total series were demonstrated in 21 eyes of 18 patients (4.9%). Including the borderline cases, IOP elevations ≥ 5 mmHg were also significantly more frequent in eyes with glaucoma (24.0%>: 47 eyes) than in eyes with suspected glaucoma (11.9%: 28 eyes)The occurrence and magnitude of positive responses were not dependent on the initial IOP level. Further analysis of the responder group and clinical studies of the mechanism of IOP elevation on the same patients are presented in parts II and III
INFLUENCE OF CATALEPTOID ANAESTHETIC AGENTS ON THE INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IN MONKEYS (MACACA FASCICULARIS)
Authors: HAHNENBERGER RUDOLPH W. 
Published: May 2009

Trained monkeys which allowed a tonometry while conscious were used to test the influence of cataleptoid anaesthetics on intraocular pressure (IOP).The drugs were injected intramuscularly in two dosages: with the lower dose (DT) it became just possible to perform a tonometry in untrained monkeys. The second dose (Ds) induced surgical anaesthesia. The drugs used were: Phencyclidine, DT: 0.6‐0.7 mg/kg, Ds: 1.2‐1.4 mg/kg. Ketamine, DT>: 4–6 mg/kg, Ds: 25 mg/kg. CI‐744, a combination of a pure cataleptoid anaesthetic (Tiletamine) and a tranquilizer (Zolazepam), DT: 2–3 mg/kg and Ds: 7.5 mg/kgTonometry was performed prior to and 15 and 30 min after drug administration. Except for phencyclidine in the smaller dose, which had virtually no effect on IOP, the drugs lowered IOP about 10–30 % on an average with a large intra‐ and intcrindividual scatter
EPISCLERAL VENOUS PRESSURE AND FLOW DYNAMICS
Authors: WIDAKOWICH JOHANNES 
Published: May 2009

Episcleral venous pressure was measured by means of an air jet at different levels of occlusion of the measured vessel.This was repeated at different points in one branching venous plexus systemThe results indicate that the most reliable estimate of the pressure is obtained at the pressure level at which the blood column becomes somewhat palerOcclusion of the vessel causes a rise in venous pressure which may be considerable, especially in large veins
MAY TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS PROVOKE CONJUNCTIVITIS?
Authors: NORN M. S. , LUNDVALL F. , PÆRREGAARD P. 
Published: May 2009

In the world literature we have found descriptions of five cases of Trichomonas vaginalis in the conjunctiva.Conjunctival swabs taken from 122 patients with conjunctivitis or keratitis revealed no flagellate micro‐organisms on phase‐contrast microscopy and culture. Neither did conjunctival swabs from 272 newborn infants, in spite of the fact that 3.7 per cent of their mothers had Trichomonas in the vagina. Trichomonas vaginalis is hardly likely to be responsible for conjunctivitis.
EXAMINATION OF COLOUR VISION BY USE OF INDUCED CONTRAST COLOURS
Authors: HANSEN EGILL 
Published: May 2009

The ability to induce contrast colours is evident in normal persons by the tissue paper contrast principle. However, tests of good quality are not easily available.The design of a new series of charts follows two principles: 1) Selection of background hues in accordance with the maximally desaturated regions of the spectrum as seen by the colour defectives. 2) Exact adjustment of the neutral test field (constituted by the chart figures) in order to eliminate any false clue due to brightness contrasts. By introducing chart figures of alternative grey values appropriate tests can be attained for each type of colour vision defect37 persons with congenital colour defects and 15 persons with acquired defects were examined. The charts, according to the criteria for selection, proved to be selective in their screening efficiency
THE CYCLOPENTOLATE PROVOCATIVE TEST IN SUSPECTED OR UNTREATED OPEN‐ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: VALLE OLAVI , VANNAS ANTTI 
Published: May 2009

Fluorescein angiography of the iris (IFAG) was performed on 15 patients with a positive cyclopentolate response (IOP elevation ≧ 8 mmHg) in 17 eyes to the cyclopentolate provocative test. The chamber angles were open in all the eyes. Seven of the responder eyes had capsular glaucoma undergoing treatment, six had simple glaucoma, two had pigmentary glaucoma and two suspicion of open‐angle glaucoma.The object was to study with IFAG whether vascular changes can be established in the iris of the responder eyes such as could have a role in the elevation of IOP.All the eyes with capsular glaucoma displayed vascular changes, vaso‐proliferation and fluorescein leakage from the iris vessels. No other vascular changes were seen in the irises of the responder eyes. IFAG revealed no differences in the iris vasculature between responder and non‐responder eyes. A vascular aetiology for the IOP elevation in responders is improbable.
TRANSITORY BLINDNESS DURING ETHANOL AND PHENETHYLBIGUANIDE INDUCED LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN A SUBJECT WITH DIABETES MELLITUS A Case Report
Authors: SØRENSEN NELLEMANN 
Published: May 2009

Transitory blindness is described in a diabetic patient with typical ethanol‐ and phenethylbiguanide induced lactic acidosis. The blindness developed in the course of 8 hours, but the vision returned during treatment with iv bicarbonate, insulin and glucose.The condition is discussed in relation to a presumed inhibition of the oxidative metabolism in the retina.
IMMOBILIZATION OF THE EYE
Authors: ALGVERE PEEP , ROSENGREN BENGT 
Published: May 2009

Experiments on eye phantoms (closed chambers filled with suspensions of lipoid particles in water) have shown that saccadic rotational movements induce liquid currents flowing back and forth through a hole in a latex membrane mounted inside the chamber. It is postulated that rapid (saccadic) eye movements generate similar motions in the liquid vitreous, capable of moving a detached retina.Sixty‐five non‐selected eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were immobilized by traction sutures, usually for 2–3 days (range 1–5 days) prior to surgery. An almost complete “spontaneous” reattachment occurred in 45% of the cases, a partial reattachment (i. e. more than half of the detached area) was seen in 37%, but no reattachment took place in 18%. This rate of reattachment is higher than that obtained by bilateral eye patching and complete bed rest.Rapid (saccadic) eye movements are considered to be one crucial factor counteracting retinal reattachment. Eyes, in which preoperative reattachment is achieved, can be cured by simple surgical procedures and have a favourable prognosis.
REINFORCED EPISCLERAL CERCLAGE IN RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: ALGVERE PEEP 
Published: May 2009

Episcleral silicone rods are used as encircling elements in retinal detachment surgery. In order to reinforce the encircling effect and form a stable effective buckle, the episcleral silicone rod is combined with an Arruga suture or a fairly rigid teflon band. The Arruga string (a 2‐0 supramid suture) is sewn, in a longitudinal direction, into a solid silicone rod (2 mm in diameter) or into a silicone half‐cylinder (diameter 3 or 4 mm). Soft sponge‐like rods can also be reinforced with a 2 mm broad teflon band, placed on the flat surface of the half‐cylindrical silicone element. Drainage of subretinal fluid is usually performed in order to make room for the high circumferential buckle.Experience has shown that this modified encircling procedure is very useful in complicated cases of retinal detachment.
ON THE MOLECULAR COMPOSITION AND PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PSEUDO‐EXFOLIATION MATERIAL
Authors: DAVANGER MARTIN 
Published: May 2009

The protein tracer peroxidase has been found to be excluded from pseudo‐exfoliation (PE) material. But after the treatment of the PE material with cetylpyridinium‐chloride, peroxidase was found to penetrate into the material. This observation seems to support the concept that the PE material is a gel of proteoglycans, from which peroxidase is excluded by an excluded volume effect.Microperoxidase was found to penetrate into the superficial parts of the (untreated) PE material, and to be regularly distributed according to two different patterns: 1) along the PE fibrils, and 2) along lines in the interfibrillar matrix; lines which can not be seen without the presence of microperoxidase. At both locations the microperoxidase reaction product was found at regular intervals, with spacings of about 53 nm. The interpretation is that both the fibrils and the interfibrillar matrix are composed of the same kind of long extended linear proteoglycan complexes, but with a different arrangement and density.
BULLOUS KERATOPATHY (FUCHS‘ ENDOTHELIAL DYSTROPHY) TREATED SYSTEMICALLY WITH 4‐TRANS‐AMINO‐CYCLOHEXANO‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD , EHLERS NIELS 
Published: May 2009

Twenty patients with bullous keratopathy (Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy) were treated systemically with the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid. The effect was evaluated by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, measurement of central corneal thickness and determination of visual acuity. The patients subjective complaints were also registered. The duration of the treatment varied from 3 to 16 months. In most cases the treatment was given over several periods with intervening free intervals.In all cases the central corneal thickness decreased and slit‐lamp biomicroscopy revealed an improvement. The visual acuity improved and all patients became free of pain.A possible mechanism involving the complement system is discussed and preliminary studies on the composition of the aqueous humour in cases of bullous keratopathy are mentioned.
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN CAPSULAR GLAUCOMA
Authors: VANNAS ANTTI , SETÄLÄ KIRSI , RUUSUVAARA PEKKA 
Published: May 2009

The clinical specular microscope has made it possible to study corneal endothelial cells in vivo. In this study we report for the first time cell densities of unilateral glaucoma patients compared to the normotensive control eyes of the same patient.The corneal endothelium of 27 unilateral capsular glaucoma patients was photographed with a clinical specular microscope. The endothelial cell density was lower in the affected eye than in the normotensive fellow eye in 15 cases. In 10 patients the cell density was the same in both eyes. In two cases the glaucoma eye had a higher density than the fellow eye. Comparison of the above groups showed a statistical difference in the number of glaucoma eyes with a lower cell density (15 lower against 2 higher). The endothelial cell density could not be correlated with the duration of treatment or severity of the glaucoma.
CONTRACTILE AND HISTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INFERIOR OBLIQUE MUSCLE IN THE RAT AND IN THE CAT
Authors: HANSON JERKER , LENNERSTRAND GUNNAR 
Published: May 2009

Mechanical and histochemical properties of inferior oblique muscles (IO) were compared in adult albino rat and pigmented cat. The twitch contraction times and the fusion frequencies were about the same in both species indicating similar contractile properties of the fast contracting fibers. Rat IO seemed to contain fewer slowly contracting fibers than cat IO; half‐decay time of the twitch was shorter in rat than in cat muscles and fusion started at higher stimulus frequencies. Fatigue resistance was lower in rat than in cat. Post‐tetanic potentiation occurred in the cat but not in the rat IO.Almost all fibers of rat IO were rich in myofibrillar ATPase. In cat IO most fibers showed high myofibrillar ATPase activity, but some fibers in the global layer had moderate to small amounts of this enzyme. This correlates well with the physiological differencies between cat and rat IO.
PILOCARPINE‐INDUCED SUBSENSITIVITY TO CARBACHOL AND PILOCARPINE OF CILIARY MUSCLE IN VERVET AND CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS
Authors: BÄRÄNY ERNST H. 
Published: May 2009

Vervet monkeys were given unilateral treatment for two weeks with one 2% pilocarpine eye drop three times daily between 8 a. m. and 6 p. m. (night interval 14 h) and were then subjected to anterior chamber perfusion. 20 μg pilocarpine intracamerally caused similar and substantial increases in outflow facility in both eyes. Cynomolgus monkeys were unilaterally treated with continuous release of 33 μg/h of pilocarpine for 5–6 days. The facility response to 1 mg/kg pilocarpine iv was small or absent on the treated side.Iridectomized cynomolgus monkeys responded with 12.6±5.2 (SD) diopters accommodation to 1.5 mg/kg pilocarpine im, with very similar responses in the two eyes. During continuous release of 30 μg/h pilocarpine, accommodation of the treated eye dropped gradually and after 4–8 days treatment the accommodative response was markedly reduced to pilocarpine 1.5 mg/kg im or 100 μg topically. The degree of subsensitivity was much less when tested with either systemic or topical carbachol. This was also the case in a few vervet experiments. Recovery of full pilocarpine sensitivity took several weeks in the cynomolgus monkey.As an explanation for the excessive subsensitivity and large interindividual differences found with pilocarpine, an individually variable, non‐muscarinic relaxant action counteracting the muscarinic excitatory action is suggested. Clinical implications of this hypothesis are discussed.
SENILE CATARACT
Authors: BRAENDSTRUP P. 
Published: May 2009

Since the late 1940's the annual number of cataract extractions performed at the Eye Department of the Municipal Hospital of Copenhagen has quintupled. This increase has been followed by a tendency towards stabilisation. An increase of the potential cataract clientele by about 60 per cent and an extended indication for operation are considered obvious causes of this rise, to which must be added an increase‐inducing factor due to the popularisation of a visual rehabilitating operation in a community with a relative preponderance of old inhabitants.An attempt at a statistical calculation of the percentage of the population subjected to cataract extraction in a defined area, related to age, is presented. This calculation may be of some guidance in the planning of ophthalmosurgical facilities.
FORMATION OF AFTER‐CATARACT BY REGENERATION OF HUMAN AND RABBIT LENS EPITHELIUM IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: FAGERHOLM PER P. , PHILIPSON BO T. 
Published: May 2009

Regeneration of lens epithelium on the lens capsule was studied in tissue culture. The entire capsule with attached epithelium was taken from rabbit lenses and from human lenses with cataract.Generally, the epithelium grew in a monolayer but multilayered masses of cells were also seen. Most lens fibers degenerated during the first days and formed spherical membrane enclosed vesicles containing cytoplasm but no nuclei. The lens fiber remnants, together with regenerating epithelium, created structures that were similar in many ways to the clinical appearance of after‐cataract.
RETINAL DETACHMENT IN APHAKIA
Authors: STENKULA STAFFAN , TÖRNQUIST RAGNAR 
Published: May 2009

In a prospective study five hundred consecutive cases of cataract operations were followed during ten years. Nine cases of retinal detachment were observed.In a retrospective study 77 cases with aphakic retinal detachment were studied according to type of cataract operation, interval between this operation and the onset of retinal detachment, refraction, area of detachment and results of treatment.About fifty percent of the cases of retinal detachment are observed during the first year after the cataract operation. At the first examination the detached area is usually larger in aphakic eyes than in phakic eyes. The anatomical and functional cure after detachment operation is probably less in aphakic than phakic eyes.
SOCIAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF UNILATERAL TRAUMATIC APHAKIA
Authors: HAGHFELT TOVE , GOLDSCHMIDT E. 
Published: May 2009

Twenty‐one males between 16 and 50 years of age were admitted during a five year period and treated for a corneal perforation and traumatic cataract. One did not attend the follow‐up examination. Five patients were not offered contact lens owing either to their occupation or to bad visual acuity. Twelve patients were offered contact lens, but only four patients made permanent use of them and have good binocular function. Three patients were given an intraocular lens, two of these with good results.Many of the patients had considerable problems at work, and there appears to be a certain amount of relationship between the length of the sick leave and their later employment. Half of the patients had to change their occupation either totally or partly.Social security and social problems are discussed.