bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence certainty in neonatology—a meta-epidemiological analysis of Cochrane reviews
Authors: Varrio Tuomas , De Luca Daniele , Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We hypothesized that certainty of the available evidence is relatively low in neonatology. Thus, we designed a meta-epidemiological review to examine what is the certainty of evidence in the latest Cochrane neonatal reviews and investigate if the number of trials and enrolled patients is associated with the certainty of evidence. We searched Cochrane neonatal reviews published between January 2022 and May 2024. We included all reviews on interventions concerning neonates that had at least one meta-analysis performed with GRADE-rated evidence certainty. From those reviews, we extracted the presented certainty of evidence and analyzed its association with the number of trials and participants by ANOVA. We screened 55 Cochrane reviews and included 49 of them. In these 49 reviews, there were 443 reported outcomes with graded certainty of evidence. The certainty was reported to be high in 8 (1.8%), moderate in 89 (20.2%), low in 195 (44.0%), and very low in 151 (34%) of the outcomes. Reviews reporting outcomes with higher certainty of evidence had significantly more trials and patients (approximately 3 and 1.5 times more, respectively) than those with only low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion: In the past 2 years, Cochrane neonatal reviews have generally had low or very low certainty of evidence for most outcomes. Only 2% of the reviewed outcomes had high certainty. The number of included patients and trials significantly affected the certainty. These findings highlight the continuous need for better quality and larger trials.

What Is Known:
• Neonatology is among the largest specialities and the evidence certainties of interventions have been varying.
• Neonatal patients and studies need to consider the uniqueness of the patients and the acute situations in the study designs.
What Is New:
• The included 49 reviews consisted of 443 outcomes and of these only 1.8% were classified as high certainty of evidence.
• Higher evidence certainties were associated with higher number of included trials and participants.
Association between early radiographic chest findings and clinical outcomes in pediatric drowning: a retrospective study in a tertiary Italian hospital
Authors: Bellini Tommaso , Brisca Giacomo , D’Alessandro Matteo , Tibaldi Jessica , Andreottola Valentina , Conti Chiara , Casabona Federica , Lampugnani Elisabetta , Piccotti Emanuela , Moscatelli Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pediatric drowning incidents, both fatal and non-fatal, represent a significant challenge in emergency medicine, particularly for children under 14 years of age. Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury-related deaths, with children aged one to four years being especially vulnerable. Accurate and timely assessment, particularly through chest imaging, such as chest radiography (CXR) and lung point-of-care ultrasound (LUS), is crucial for evaluating pulmonary complications and guiding treatment decisions. This retrospective study analyzed 64 pediatric drowning cases in Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Italy, from 2012 to 2023. For all patients, demographic data, vital parameters, blood tests upon PED admission and at 24 h, need for intensive care unit admission, length of stay, therapies administered, ventilatory support in the PED and in the hospital ward, and mortality were recorded. The patients were subsequently divided into two groups based on the chest X-ray result. The results indicated that pathological CXR findings upon admission were associated with a higher likelihood of hospital admission, prolonged hospital stay, and more severe clinical outcomes, including the need for oxygen supplementation and antibiotic therapy. Patients with abnormal CXR findings also exhibited lower oxygen saturation, Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and body temperature upon admission, reflecting a more significant physiological compromise, and higher RCP values at 24 h.

Conclusion: Although the majority of non-fatal drowning patients recovered without lasting neurological deficits, the findings suggest that CXR plays a critical role in early management, assisting in the identification of those at greater risk for complications.

What is Known:
• Fatal and non-fatal pediatric drowning incidents may represent a critical issue in pediatric emergency medicine, requiring prompt assessment and accurate management upon admission, even if standardized protocols are lacking.

What is New:
• Chest imaging in the initial assessment of pediatric drowning cases may serve as a fundamental tool to support early clinical decision-making, particularly when integrated with other key parameters such as neurological status, vital signs, and blood exams.
Exploring the interplay of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and neurodegenerative pathologies: insights from streptozotocin and hypoglycaemic in vitro models
Authors: Grünblatt Edna , Yde Ohki Cristine Marie , Schmitt-Böhrer G. Angelika , Riederer Peter , Walitza Susanne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases raise public health concerns. Recent evidence indicates that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) sufferers will triple by 2050. The rising incidence of dementia diagnoses raises concerns about the socio-economical and emotional impact of this uncurable illness, which reduces quality of life through cognitive decline. Although genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its aetiology, neuropathological mechanisms underlying these disorders are still under investigation. One is brain insulin resistance (BIR), which has been associated with clinical cognitive dysfunction and linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, neurogenesis deficits, and cell death. Not limited to neurodegeneration, these phenotypes have been associated with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Streptozotocin (STZ), a diabetes-causing drug that targets pancreatic β-cells, may imitate BIR in suitable models. From patients’ neuroimaging to in vitro approaches, scientists have been striving to understand the pathophysiology of such disorders at the behavioural, molecular, and cellular levels. Although animal models are useful for studying insulin resistance’s systemic effects, in vitro phenotypic research represents an alternative to study molecular and cellular aspects. STZ and hypoglycaemia-like scenarios have been successful for studying neurodegenerative disorders in primary cell culture (e.g., neuroblastoma cells) and patient-specific neural cell lines derived from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Intriguingly, STZ treatment or hypoglycaemia-like conditions in a dish were able to induce AD pathological characteristics such Aβ plaque deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Such approaches have shown potential in understanding molecular and cellular implications of metabolic changes in neuropsychiatric disorders, according to this review. Furthermore, these models may help identify novel treatment targets.
miR-451a and IL18 can differentiate familial Mediterranean fever patients in attack and remission periods: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Terzi Menderes Yusuf , Özcan Oğuzhan , Kimyon Gezmiş , Okuyan Hamza Malik , Arpacı Abdullah , Doğan Serdar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease and requires a diligent strategical approach considering disease periods and mutation subtypes. We aimed to investigate serum levels of autoimmunity-related cell-free miRNAs and inflammatory and apoptotic markers in FMF patients.

Methods
Sixty FMF patients, of which 30 were in attack (FMF-A) and 30 were in remission (FMF-R) periods, and 25 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls were included in our study. The expression levels of miR-26a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155–2-5p, and miR-451a were analyzed with reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of interleukin-18 (IL18) and soluble Fas cell surface death receptor (sFAS) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum CRP levels were analyzed by nephelometry, ferritin levels by chemiluminescence, and routine biochemical parameters by spectrophotometry. Correlation analyses were performed to seek potential associations of miRNAs with serum markers and biochemical parameters. Potential biomarkers were tested with receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
We observed elevated serum IL18 levels but not sFAS, in FMF patients, particularly during attack period. IL18 demonstrated diagnostic value and was significantly correlated with acute-phase markers namely CRP, fibrinogen, and ferritin. Altered levels of IL18 and miR-451a could distinguish FMF patients in the attack period from the ones in remission. miR-26a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-155–2-5p were downregulated in FMF patients carrying M694V mutations.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that IL18 and specific miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for FMF pathogenesis. Discovering promising targets for FMF-related miRNAs using mechanistic strategies will enhance our understanding of FMF disease management and therapy.

Key Points

• miR-451a and IL18 can serve as an indicator in distinguishing familial Mediterranean fever patients in attack and remission periods.• miR-26a-5p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-155–2-5p were dysregulated in FMF patients carrying M694V mutation.
A probabilistic procedure to define multidimensional rainfall thresholds for territorial landslide warning models
Authors: Zhang Sen , Pecoraro Gaetano , Jiang Qigang , Calvello Michele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A procedure designed to develop probabilistic thresholds for rainfall-induced landslides adopting novel rainfall variables is proposed and tested in an area of Campania region, southern Italy. The dataset used comprises 180 rainfall-induced landslides in the period 2010–2020, derived from the FraneItalia catalogue (https://franeitalia.wordpress.com/), and rainfall records retrieved from a network of 22 regional rain gauges active in the area. The procedure starts by reconstructing rainfall events responsible and not responsible for landslides in the period of analysis. Subsequently, a large number of rainfall variables are derived automatically, adopting a time series feature extraction tool, and their significance in identifying landslide-triggering events is evaluated. Then, adopting a Bayesian approach, the most significant rainfall variables are used to define a set of probabilistic thresholds in one, two, and three dimensions. Finally, the most effective thresholds are identified by means of standard performance indicators. The probabilistic thresholds developed using novel rainfall variables outperform those employing conventional variables. Specifically, looking at the minimum distance from the perfect classification point (δ), thresholds employing novel variables yield a minimum δ of 0.230, while those adopting conventional variables lead to a minimum δ of 0.292. The results achieved herein demonstrate that the use of novel rainfall variables within territorial landslide warning models can represent a promising option for improving the performance of these models.
The outer gravitational potential of an inhomogeneous torus with an elliptical cross-section
Authors: Bannikova Elena , Skolota Serhii , Capaccioli Massimo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Toroidal/ring structures are a common feature in a wide variety of astrophysical objects, including dusty tori in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), rings in galaxies, protoplanetary disks, and others. The matter distribution in such structures is not homogeneous and can be flattened by self-gravity or become elongated in the vertical direction, as is the case with obscuring tori in AGNs. This led us to consider the more general case of the gravitational potential of an inhomogeneous torus with an elliptical cross-section. We begin by showing that the outer potential of a homogeneous elliptical torus can be effectively approximated with less than 1% error by the potentials of two infinitely thin rings with a minor correction term. These two rings have masses each equal to half the total mass of the torus. The most notable feature is that each such infinitely thin ring is positioned at precisely the halfway point between the center and the focus of the elliptical cross-section, regardless of the torus’ other parameters. The result, which holds for both oblate and prolate geometries, allows us to find a new expression to handle the outer potential of an inhomogeneous torus with an elliptical cross-section. The confocal density distribution is a special case. We have found that the outer potential of such a torus is only weakly dependent on the density distribution law. Consequently, even for the confocal inhomogeneous case, the outer potential is well represented by two infinitely thin rings. This approach simplifies problems of dynamics and allows for the analysis of the results of N-body simulations for the systems consisting of toroidal structures. For completeness, we have derived the expressions for the components of the external force exerted by a homogeneous torus with an elliptical cross-section, both for the exact form of the potential and for our approximation by two infinitely thin rings. Comparison of the two shows that our model fits the true trend of the force well.
Outstanding Questions and Future Research on Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Nakamura R. , Burch J. L. , Birn J. , Chen L.-J. , Graham D. B. , Guo F. , Hwang K.-J. , Ji H. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Liu Y.-H. , Oka M. , Payne D. , Sitnov M. I. , Swisdak M. , Zenitani S. , Drake J. F. , Fuselier S. A. , Genestreti K. J. , Gershman D. J. , Hasegawa H. , Hoshino M. , Norgren C. , Shay M. A. , Shuster J. R. , Stawarz J. E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This short article highlights unsolved problems of magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasma. Advanced in-situ plasma measurements and simulations have enabled scientists to gain a novel understanding of magnetic reconnection. Nevertheless, outstanding questions remain concerning the complex dynamics and structures in the diffusion region, cross-scale and regional couplings, the onset of magnetic reconnection, and the details of particle energization. We discuss future directions for magnetic reconnection research, including new observations, new simulations, and interdisciplinary approaches.
Prioritization Blue-Green Infrastructure Strategies: Developing a Hybrid Quantitative Approach Model for Sustainable Urban Water Management
Authors: Demir Sara , Dilman Gokkaya Merve , Ersoz Nazlı Deniz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) is critical in protecting natural and cultural landscapes, managing urban water resources, and mitigating agricultural, urban, and industrial pressures. BGI aims to implement nature-based solutions across various scales, from planning to design, to reduce surface runoff and enable rainwater collection and reuse. This study focuses on Ayvali Creek in Bursa, a significant urban stream impacted by agricultural, residential, and industrial activities, along with inadequate technical infrastructure, degrading water quality and the natural landscape. This study aims to identify BGI solutions suitable for Ayvali Creek and formulate planning and design strategies for sustainable and effective rainfall management. The methodology of this study included a SWOT (Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) analysis for identifying the current conditions of the study area and a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method known as the best and worst method (BWM) conducted with experts and stakeholders to rank BGI strategies according to their priority. Among the main criteria and sub-criteria, the “water/soil” (0.41) and “land-use/land-cover” (0.32) criteria, which contribute to the overarching ecological protection criterion (0.71), emerged as the highest priority strategies for effective BGI solutions. This finding underscores the paramount importance of ecological protection for Ayvali Creek. The methods and results of this quantitative research can serve as a framework for BGI, offering insight into successful strategies for sustainable water resource and rainfall management, not only for the region under study but also for other developing countries facing similar challenges with their water resources.
Lactobacillomics as a new notion in lactic acid bacteria research through omics integration
Authors: Kahraman Ilıkkan Özge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Omics technologies are a set of disciplines that analyze large-scale molecular data to understand biological systems in a holistic way. These technologies aim to reveal the structure, functions and interactions of organisms by studying processes at many levels of biomolecules, from the genome to metabolism. Lactobacillomics is introduced as an interdisciplinary field that integrates multiple “omics” technologies—including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics— to provide a comprehensive insight into “lactic acid bacteria” species. Lactobacillomics aims to elucidate the genetic, metabolic, and functional characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying their probiotic effects and contributions to the host microbiome. By analyzing genomes and metabolic pathways, researchers can identify specific genes responsible for health-promoting functions and desirable fermentation characteristics, which can guide the development of targeted probiotic strains with optimized health benefits. The integration of these omics data allows facilitating the discovery of biomarkers for health and disease states, the development of new probiotics tailored to specific populations or health conditions, and the optimization of fermentation processes to enhance the safety, flavor, and nutritional profile of fermented foods. A comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis were conducted to provide an overview of this promising field between 2005 and 2025 by examining Web of Science Core Collection data. Research results reveal trending topics, future perspectives, and key areas of growth within lactic acid bacteria (LAB) studies, particularly as they intersect with omics technologies.
Double-mix pseudo-label framework: enhancing semi-supervised segmentation on category-imbalanced CT volumes
Authors: Zhang Luyang , Hayashi Yuichiro , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Deep-learning-based supervised CT segmentation relies on fully and densely labeled data, the labeling process of which is time-consuming. In this study, our proposed method aims to improve segmentation performance on CT volumes with limited annotated data by considering category-wise difficulties and distribution.

Methods
We propose a novel confidence-difficulty weight (CDifW) allocation method that considers confidence levels, balancing the training across different categories, influencing the loss function and volume-mixing process for pseudo-label generation. Additionally, we introduce a novel Double-Mix Pseudo-label Framework (DMPF), which strategically selects categories for image blending based on the distribution of voxel-counts per category and the weight of segmentation difficulty. DMPF is designed to enhance the segmentation performance of categories that are challenging to segment.

Result
Our approach was tested on two commonly used datasets: a Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) dataset and a Beyond-the-Cranial-Vault (BTCV) Abdomen dataset. Compared to the SOTA methods, our approach achieved an improvement of 5.1% and 7.0% in Dice score for the segmentation of difficult-to-segment categories on 5% of the labeled data in CHD and 40% of the labeled data in BTCV, respectively.

Conclusion
Our method improves segmentation performance in difficult categories within CT volumes by category-wise weights and weight-based mixture augmentation. Our method was validated across multiple datasets and is significant for advancing semi-supervised segmentation tasks in health care. The code is available at https://github.com/MoriLabNU/Double-Mix.
Improving Home Insurance Ratemaking with Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR) Model: Assessing Water Damage Risk
Authors: Rivas-Lopez Maria-Victoria , Matilla-García Mariano , Minguez-Salido Roman , Bravo-Ovalle Miguel Angel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the consideration of spatial heterogeneity in the development of Home Insurance rates, specifically focusing on water damage throughout Spain. This focus arises from the need to establish a methodology that not only improves ratemaking procedures for water damage but also acknowledges the potential impacts of climate change, allowing differentiation in the effect of variables such as rainfall depending on the location and frequency of water claims. By using the GWPR model, spatial heterogeneity is taken into account and the ratemaking process is enhanced by identifying spatial clusters related to the frequency of water damage claims. Moreover, an empirical development has been carried out employing a database of home insurance data for water coverage in the Spanish territory. The variables selected in this process are not only associated with weather, but also with characteristics of the policies, housing, and socio-economic conditions of the policyholders.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Method Based on Infrared Deflectometry
Authors: Xiong Ping , Zhao Jing , Chen Jinping , Hu Hao , Cao Jiangping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Deflectometry is a non-contact and rapid detection method with high sensitivity, which can be utilized in the areas of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, surface quality detection, and defect location. It has important applications in the automotive industry, optical parts manufacturing, and other fields. Classical deflectometry methods require the integration of slope data to reconstruct the absolute surface shape. However, the integration procedure is error-prone due to the accumulation of random errors into large shape deviations, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. In this paper, we extract the position of the centerline of the bright fringe from the stripe image and find the center of the fringe line point by point. Using the principle of triangulation, the 3D data for the object’s shaped surface can be obtained. In addition, infrared light enhances specular reflection, resulting in better deflectometry performance than that of visible light. Experiments show that the proposed method is sensitive to the changes in height and can roughly restore the surface topography of the object without calibration.