bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramedullary screw fixation with bone autografting to treat proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fracture in athletes: a case series
Authors: Tsukada Sachiyuki , Ikeda Hiroo , Seki Yoshie , Shimaya Masayuki , Hoshino Akiho , Niga Sadao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundDelayed unions or refractures are not rare following surgical treatment for proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures. Intramedullary screw fixation with bone autografting has the potential to resolve the issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of the procedure.MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed 15 athletes who underwent surgical treatment for proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fracture. Surgery involved intramedullary cannulated cancellous screw fixation after curettage of the fracture site, followed by bone autografting. Postoperatively, patients remain non weight-bearing in a splint or cast for two weeks and without immobilization for an additional two weeks. Full weight-bearing was allowed six weeks postoperatively. Running was permitted after radiographic bone union, and return-to-play was approved after gradually increasing the intensity.ResultsAll patients returned to their previous level of athletic competition. Mean times to bone union, initiation of running, and return-to-play were 8.4, 8.8, and 12.1 weeks, respectively. Although no delayed unions or refractures was observed, distal diaphyseal stress fractures at the distal tip of the screw occurred in two patients and a thermal necrosis of skin occurred in one patient.ConclusionsThere were no delayed unions or refractures among patients after carrying out a procedure in which bone grafts were routinely performed, combined with adequate periods of immobilization and non weight-bearing. These findings suggest that this procedure may be useful option for athletes to assuring return to competition level.
Cross-species genomic and functional analyses identify a combination therapy using a CHK1 inhibitor and a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor to treat triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Bennett Christina N , Tomlinson Christine C , Michalowski Aleksandra M , Chu Isabel M , Luger Dror , Mittereder Lara R , Aprelikova Olga , Shou James , Piwinica-Worms Helen , Caplen Natasha J , Hollingshead Melinda G , Green Jeffrey E 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is diagnosed in approximately 15% of all human breast cancer (BrCa) patients. Currently, no targeted therapies exist for this subtype of BrCa and prognosis remains poor. Our laboratory has previously identified a proliferation/DNA repair/cell cycle gene signature (Tag signature) that is characteristic of human TNBC. We hypothesize that targeting the dysregulated biological networks in the Tag gene signature will lead to the identification of improved combination therapies for TNBC.

Methods
Cross-species genomic analysis was used to identify human breast cancer cell lines that express the Tag signature. Knock-down of the up-regulated genes in the Tag signature by siRNA identified several genes that are critical for TNBC cell growth. Small molecule inhibitors to two of these genes were analyzed, alone and in combination, for their effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Synergy between the two drugs was analyzed by the Chou-Talalay method.

Results
A custom siRNA screen was used to identify targets within the Tag signature that are critical for growth of TNBC cells. Ribonucleotide reductase 1 and 2 (RRM1 and 2) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) were found to be critical targets for TNBC cell survival. Combination therapy, to simultaneously attenuate cell cycle checkpoint control through inhibition of CHK1 while inducing DNA damage with gemcitabine, improved therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in xenograft models of TNBC.

Conclusions
This combination therapy may have translational value for patients with TNBC and improve therapeutic response for this aggressive form of breast cancer.
Association of hemoglobin concentration and mortality in critically ill patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sekhon Mypinder S , McLean Nielson , Henderson William R , Chittock Dean R , Griesdale Donald EG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The critical care management of traumatic brain injury focuses on preventing secondary ischemic injury. Cerebral oxygen delivery is dependent upon the cerebral perfusion pressure and the oxygen content of blood, which is principally determined by hemoglobin. Despite its importance to the cerebral oxygen delivery, the precise hemoglobin concentration to provide adequate oxygen delivery to injured neuronal tissue in TBI patients is controversial with limited evidence to provide transfusion thresholds.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of severe TBI patients, investigating the association between mean 7-day hemoglobin concentration and hospital mortality. Demographic, physiologic, intensive care interventions, clinical outcomes and daily hemoglobin concentrations were recorded for all patients. Patients were all cared for at a tertiary, level 1 trauma center in a mixed medical and surgical intensive unit. Patients were divided into quartiles based on their mean 7-day hemoglobin concentration: < 90 g/L, 90 - 99 g/L, 100 - 109 g/L and > 110 g/L. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to model the association between mean daily hemoglobin concentration and hospital mortality.

Results
Two hundred seventy-three patients with traumatic brain injury were identified and 169 were included in the analysis based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of these, 77% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 38 (SD 17) years and a median best GCS of 6 (IQR 5 - 7). One hundred fifteen patients (68%) received a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. In RBCs administered in the ICU, the median pre-transfusion hemoglobin was 79 g/L (IQR 73 - 85). Thirty-seven patients (22%) died in hospital. Multivariable analysis revealed that mean 7-day hemoglobin concentration < 90 g/L was independently associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality (RR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5 - 6.3, p = 0.03). Other variables associated with increased mortality on multivariable regression were insertion of external ventricular drain, age and decreased GCS. Red blood cell transfusion was not associated with mortality following multivariable adjustment.

Conclusions
A mean 7-day hemoglobin concentration of < 90g/L is associated with increased hospital mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Task dependent activity of motor unit populations in feline ankle extensor muscles
Authors: Hodson-Tole Emma F. , Pantall Annette L. , Maas Huub , Farrell Brad J. , Gregor Robert J. , Prilutsky Boris I. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryUnderstanding the functional significance of morphological diversity of mammalian skeletal muscles is limited by technical difficulties of estimating the contribution of motor units with different properties to unconstrained motor behaviours. Recently developed wavelet and principal components analysis of intramuscular myoelectric signals has linked signals with lower and higher frequency contents to use of slower and faster motor unit populations. In this study we estimated the relative contributions of lower- and higher-frequency signals of cat ankle extensors (soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemii; plantaris) during level, downslope and upslope walking and the paw-shake response. This was done using the first two myoelectric-signal principal components (PCI, PCII), explaining over 90% of signal, and an angle theta, a function of PCI/PCII, indicating the relative contribution of slower and faster motor unit populations. Mean myoelectric frequencies in all walking conditions were lowest for slow soleus (234 Hz) and highest for fast gastrocnemii (307 and 330 Hz) muscles. Motor unit populations within and across the studied muscles that demonstrated lower myoelectric frequency (suggesting slower populations) were recruited during tasks and movement phases with lower mechanical demands on the ankle extensors - during downslope and level walking and in early walking stance and paw-shake phases. With increasing mechanical demands (upslope walking, mid-phase of paw-shake cycles), motor unit populations generating higher frequency signals (suggesting faster populations) contributed progressively more. We concluded that the myoelectric frequency contents within and between feline ankle extensors vary across studied motor behaviours with the patterns that are generally consistent with muscle fibre type composition.
Fabrication of Nanoengineered Metallic Structures and Their Application to Nonlinear Photochemical Reactions
Authors: Ueno Kosei , Misawa Hiroaki 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
We used metallic nanoparticles exhibiting localized surface plasmon resonance and electromagnetic (EM) field enhancement effects induced by plasmon excitation for the photochemical reaction field; this approach makes it possible to increase the probability of an interaction between photons and the materials. EM field enhancement effects induced by gold nanostructures were elucidated using two-photon-induced photoluminescence from nanogap-spaced gold nanoparticles. The photoluminescence was promoted mainly in the surface regions of the gold nanoblocks adjacent to the nanogaps due to the EM field enhancement effect. To elucidate the near-field intensity distribution of the nanogap gold structures, we investigated the photopolymerization of a commercially available negative photoresist assisted by EM field enhancement in the nanogaps separating the gold nanoblocks. Photopolymerization rates were enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the gold nanoblock structures that contained nanogaps narrower than 10 nm. We propose two surface plasmon-assisted nanolithography techniques based on spatially selective photochemical reactions promoted by the EM field enhancement effect. The first method uses ultimate near-field lithography with a local near-field distribution induced in the nanogaps, and the second technique uses the scattering component of multipole plasmon resonance as an exposure mechanism. These lithographic techniques represent a type of application based on plasmon-enhanced chemical reactions.
Predicting portal hypertension as assessed by acoustic radiation force impulse: correlations with the Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Han J-Y , Cho J H , Kwon H J , Nam K J 
Published: July 2012

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) for evaluating portal hypertension by correlating the elasticity of liver cirrhosis, as measured by ARFI, with haemodynamic indices measured by Doppler ultrasound.
Methods We evaluated the data of a total of 154 prospectively enrolled patients who underwent both duplex Doppler ultrasound and ARFI imaging. The duplex Doppler ultrasound indices, including the mean portal vein velocity, splenic index (SI) and splenoportal index (SPI) were evaluated to determine the statistical correlation with shear wave velocity (SWV) of ARFI. We also analysed the differences in the correlations between the SI, SPI and SWV of the group who had varices. The correlations were assessed with Spearman′s rank correlation coefficients.
Results There was an increase of SWV in parallel with the increase of the SI (ρ=0.409, p&lt;0.01) and SPI (ρ=0.451, p&lt;0.01). In the patient group who did not have varices (n=74), the Doppler indices were found to be more correlated with the SWV (SI: ρ=0.447, SPI: ρ=0.552, p&lt;0.01). However, the group with varices showed no correlation between the SWV and the Doppler parameters.
Conclusion SWV of ARFI was well correlated statistically with Doppler parameters, but is of limited value in predicting portal hypertension directly owing to great variability of Doppler parameters. By evaluating the correlation between ARFI and Doppler ultrasound, we suggest that the SWV might be a non-invasive supplementary tool for predicting portal hypertension.
Men Too Sometimes Shy Away from Competition: The Case of Team Competition
Authors: Dargnies Marie-Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Recent results in experimental and personnel economics indicate that women do not like competitive environments as much as men. This paper presents an experimental design that gives participants the opportunity to enter a tournament as part of a team rather than alone. Although a large and significant gender gap in entry in the individual tournament is found, in line with the literature, no gender gap is found in entry in the team tournament. Women do not enter the tournament significantly more often when it is team based, but men enter significantly less when they are part of a team than when alone. The main reason for men's disaffection with team competition appears to be linked to the uncertainty of their teammate's performance in a team tournament. More precisely, high-performing men fear being the victims of the free-riding behavior of their teammate. Women, especially low-performing women, tend to enter the team tournament more often than the individual one when they know they will be matched to a teammate of the same level as their own. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, decision analysis.
Momentum and Organizational Risk Taking: Evidence from the National Football League
Authors: Lehman David W. , Hahn Jungpil 
Published: July 2012

This study examines how momentum shapes organizational risk taking. We define momentum as a sustained and systematic trajectory in performance over time, and we argue that such trends impact interpretations of current performance as well as expectations of future performance. Drawing on the variable focus of attention model, we posit that momentum therefore directs the focus of organizational attention between concerns of aspirations, survival, and slack. Our conceptual model accounts for momentum that occurs within a performance period as well as that which occurs across periods. We propose that within- and across-period momentums are unique in terms of when and how each type impacts risk taking. We tested and found support for our hypotheses in the context of 22,603 play-by-play decisions made by the 32 teams of the National Football League during the 2000–2005 regular season games. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. This paper was accepted by Jesper Sørensen, organizations.
Reduction of Emission in a Diesel Engine Using Nanofuel – Ceria Nanoparticle Dispersed Diesel
Authors: Mandal Saptarshi , Kanagaraj S. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
About one-third of passenger vehicles available in the world market are diesel powered, which leads to greater emphasis on improving the performance of a diesel engine without changing the engine configuration. In this study, an attempt has been made to improve the combustion efficiency of nanofuel, CeO2 nanoparticles dispersed diesel. It was prepared using a tip sonicator with different concentration of ceria varied in the range of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 wt. % in diesel. Cerium concentration in diesel played an important role to control the concentration of toxic exhaust gases by influencing the complete combustion of fuel. The maximum reduction of emission gases and an increase of engine performance were observed at an optimum condition of 75 % of load and 0.06 wt. % of CeO2 in diesel, where brake thermal and mechanical efficiency were increased by 10 % and 7 %, respectively and the specific fuel consumption, NOx, and CO was found to be decreased by 10 %, 50 %, and 40 %, respectively. It is concluded that the use of nanofuel is a very efficient tool to protect our environment from the toxic gases emitted from the burning of fossil fuel.
„Das Amt“ zwischen Versailles und Rapallo
Authors: Neitzert Dieter 
Published: July 2012

Vorspann
Ernst von Simsons neu entdecktes Erinnerungsfragment ist keine Sensation, aber doch in dreierlei Hinsicht eine Rarität, die besondere Beachtung verdient: Hier schreibt ein hoher Beamter, der im Staatsdienst vor und nach 1918 viel erlebt hat. Hier berichtet ein kenntnisreicher Außenpolitiker, der in Versailles und Rapallo dabei war, als Weichen gestellt wurden, und hier blickt ein Mann zurück, der vom NS-Regime zum Juden gestempelt und ins Exil gedrängt wurde – trotz seiner immensen Verdienst um sein Volk, die er seinen ehrwürdigen Kollegen im „Amt“ nicht mehr vor Augen führen konnte. In den Geschichtsbüchern werden sie aber ihren Platz finden.
Tests of prestressed concrete beams with alloy steel bars
Authors: Ross A. D. 
Published: July 2012

Summary The paper reports a series of tests of beams prestressed on a system, developed by Mr. Donovan Lee, which utilizes alloy steel bars with an ultimate tensile strength of about 70 tons per sq. in. in diameters up to 1 ⅛ in. The beams were constructed and tested at the Field Test Unit of the Ministry of Works, which has since become the Building Operations Research Unit of the D.S.I.R. Details are given of the five test beams of I- and U-shaped cross sections. Some Were assembled from precast elements and others were monolithic. The spans varied from 21 ft 6 in. to 46 ft 6 in. and the total prestressing force from 27·5 to 89·1 tons. The method of loading, the sequence of the tests and the recording of deflexions and strains are described. Typical strain and deflexion curves are given, and the results are presented in tables showing loads at cracking and failure, deflexions at working loads and ultimate load factors. Measurements on the steel were obtained in one of the beams, and data on the strain during prestressing, anchoring and loading are also given.
The relationship between compressive strength and age for soils stabilized with four types of cement
Authors: Clare K. E. , Pollard A. E. 
Published: July 2012

Summary: The relationships between unconfined compressive strength and age up to 28 days have been determined for soil-cement specimens made with a sand, a silty clay and a clay, stabilized with four different cements. A comparison has also been made of the effects on compressive strength of coating test specimens with wax and of placing them in a humid atmosphere during the curing period. High-alumina cement was found to give the highest strength after 24 hours, wirh all three soils, but afier 28 days it gave lower strengths than the other cements. Rapid-hardening cement was found to give strengths 20-40 lb per sq. in. greater than normal Portland cement with the two cohesive soils, while super-rapid-hardening cement generally gave strengths about 40 lb per sq. in. lower than those obtained with the other two Portland-type cements. The setting of normal Portland and rapid-hardening cement mixed with the sand was retarded for seven days, due to an organic impurity, but the setting of high-alumina cement was not affected. The addition of lime, or calcium chloride (e.g. in super-rapid-hardening cement) was found to reduce the retardation, the latter being the most effective. The action of calcium chloride in this respect was confirmed with three other soils containing deleterious organic matter. Coating test specimens with paraffin wax during the curing period was found to result in considerably smaller differences in moisture content among similar specimens in a batch than was obtained by storage in a humid atmosphere. This was accompanied by a reduction in the differences in the unconfined compressive strength of specimens only in the case of the sand-cement. The average limits of error of the mean compressive strengths based on ten independent measurements were calculated to be between ±10 and ±20 lb per sq. in. for strengths ranging between 200 and 400 lb per sq. in.
The bearing capacity of concrete and rock
Authors: Meyerhof G. G. 
Published: July 2012

Summary The results of published work relating to triaxial compression tests on concrete and rock are briefly analysed to determine the principal strength characteristics which govern the bearing capacity of blocks subjected to concentrated loads and offoundations of concrete and rock. A simple method of estimating the bearing capacity of footings on blocks of various sizes is suggested, and is checked by the results of previous model tests. To obtain further information, especially for large blocks, a series of loading tests has been made on mass and reinforced concrete blocks. The observed bearing capacity, mechanism and extent offailure are analysed and found to be in fair agreement with the theoretical estimates.
The strength of plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete under the action of combined stresses, with particular reference to the combined bending and torsion of rectangular sections
Authors: Cowan Henry J. 
Published: July 2012

Summary A theory for the strength of concrete and reinforced concrete under the action of combined stresses is advanced, which combines Rankine's maximum principal stress criterion and Coulomb's internal friction criterion. Equations for the strength of plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete in combined bending and torsion are then derived. The distinct difference between primary bending and primary torsion fracture is explained by the dual character of the criterion of failure. It also accounts for the increase in the torsional strength of a reinforced concrete section resulting from the addition of bending. Prestressing delays the formation of tension cracks until the compression due to the initial prestress has been offset, and it therefore effects a very great improvement in the torsional strength of concrete.
The thermal diffusivity of hardened cement paste
Authors: Hoyle Russell 
Published: July 2012

Summary The thermal diffusivity of hardened cement paste was measured by immersing long square bars in a steam atmosphere. Thermocouples were used to read temperature at the surface and on the axial centre line during the period of unsteady state of temperature distribution. By reference to existing information for an infinitely long square bar the thermal diffusivity of cement was calculated for each specimen.
A preliminary investigation of the use of fibre-glass for prestressed concrete
Authors: Rubinsky Ivan A. , Rubinsky Andrew 
Published: July 2012

Summary This paper discusses the feasibility of using fibre-glass reinforcement for prestressed concrete, summarizing the physical properties of fibre-glass and some experimental work carried on by the authors. It also gives practical suggestions for future research and concludes with a comparison between fibre-glass and conventional steel reinforcement
A note on the transverse moments in a prestressed concrete bridge slab
Authors: Rowe R. E. 
Published: July 2012

Summary The distribution of load in bridge deck systems(1)* is arousing considerable interest at the present time and this note deals with the application of the theories of Massonnet(2) and Guyon(3) to a flat slab bridge model. Particular mention is made of the distribution and the absolute values of the transverse moments in relation to the theoretical values. Only one slab has been tested at the time of writing but further tests on slabs of different span/breadth ratios are now in progress