bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrotactile Perception at Glabrous and Nonglabrous Skin of Fingers: Repeatability of Measurements and Changes Induced by Acute Vibration Exposure
Authors: Mahbub MH , Ohnari Hiroto , Tanigawa Kazuko , Hiroshige Kenichi , Takahashi Yukio , Togari Taisuke , Harada Noriaki 
Published: November 2010

Vibrotactile Perception at Glabrous and Nonglabrous Skin of Fingers: Repeatability of Measurements and Changes Induced by Acute Vibration Exposure: MH Mahbub, et al. Department of Hygiene, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine—ObjectivesWe sought to determine the within‐session and between‐session repeatability of vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) measurements and the response patterns in VPT induced by acute exposure to short‐term vibration from grasping a vibrating handle, at both glabrous and nonglabrous skin of ingers.MethodsBaseline VPT was recorded twice at glabrous and nonglabrous side of ingers in the righthand of eight healthy volunteers. Then, the subjects were exposed to three exposure conditions (vibration at 31.5 Hz and 250 Hz, and no vibration), from gripping a vertical handle by the right hand, conducted on 3 different days at an interval of 1–3 wk. After exposure, the subjects released the hand and further VPT measurements at each location were made.ResultsCompared to the nonglabrous side, VPT measurements at the glabrous side demonstrated better within‐session and between‐session repeatability with lower coefficient of repeatability and higher intraclass correlation coefficient. After exposure, a significant increase in VPT was noted under both 31.5 Hz and 250 Hz (p<0.05– 0.001) exposure conditions in the glabrous inger. In the nonglabrous inger, a pronounced increase in VPT was revealed under 250 Hz exposure condition (p=0.05).ConclusionsWhile measuring VPT at glabrous and/ or nonglabrous ingers, the importance of the site of measurement should be considered; the repeatability for such measurements appears to be better at the glabrous site. At high frequency, vibrotactile perception appears to be affected in both glabrous and nonglabrous skin from acute vibration exposure.
Life Beyond 80: A look at Conventional WAG Recovery Beyond 80% HCPV Injection in CO2 Tertiary Floods
Authors: Merchant D. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDuring the past 38 years, CO2 flood technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery projects evolved from a partially understood process filled with uncertainties to a process based on proven technology and experience. Many questions involved with CO2 flooding have been thoroughly analyzed and answered. This knowledge is currently being used by a limited number of companies that actually know how to design, implement, and manage a CO2 flood for long term profit. Unfortunately, this knowledge has not been disseminated to operating companies interested in EOR flooding or to CO2 Sequestration Communities interested in storing CO2 in EOR projects.The primary objective of this report is to target "Conventional WAG Techniques" which have been used in over 90% of all the Enhanced Oil Recovery projects implemented in the Permian Basin in Texas, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. Over the years, oil companies have reported a wide range of values of Tertiary Oil Recovery, CO2 Utilization, and CO2 Retention, resulting in a wide range of variation and uncertainty. Many of the numbers reported to date are tied to a specific HCPV CO2 Injected based on some Economic Cut-off. This typically has been in the range of 30% to 80% HCPV Injected. The question becomes "What is life after 80% HCPV?" And "What effect does life after 80% HCPV have on Tertiary Oil Recovery, CO2 Utilization and CO2 Retention in different producing formations?" Results of this study show Tertiary Oil Recovery can be as high as 26% OOIP when slug sizes exceed 190% HCPV injected.
Evaluation of losses and group effective refractive index of Er3+:Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides
Authors: Vasile Georgiana , Puscas Niculae 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In this paper, we report some experimental results concerning several types of loss measurements of Er3+:Ti:LiNbO3 optical waveguides by using optical methods. Using the Fabry-Pérot interferometry method, we evaluated the attenuation coefficient of an optical waveguide resonator for a laser radiation having λ = 1.55 µm. We also evaluated the insertion losses, polarization dependent losses, and coupling with external losses. Additionally, from the transmitted spectra of the symmetrical monomode Fabry-Pérot optical waveguide resonator, we were able to evaluate the value of the group effective refractive index.
Application of genetic programming for proton-proton interactions
Authors: El-Dahshan EL-Sayed 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to use one of the machine learning techniques named the genetic programming (GP) to model the p-p interactions through discovering functions. In our study, GP is used to simulate and predict the multiplicity distribution of charged pions (P(n
ch)), the average multiplicity (〈n
ch〉) and the total cross section (σ
tot) at different values of high energies. We have obtained the multiplicity distribution as a function of the center of mass energy ($$
\sqrt s
$$) and charged particles (n
ch). Also, both the average multiplicity and the total cross section are obtained as a function of $$
\sqrt s
$$. Our discovered functions produced by GP technique show a good match to the experimental data. The performance of the GP models was also tested at non-trained data and was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
A short overview of vitamin C and selected cells of the immune system
Authors: Pavlovic Voja , Sarac M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential water-soluble nutrient that primarily exerts its effect on a host defense mechanisms and immune homeostasis and is the most important physiological antioxidant. Stable intake of vitamin C is essential for life in humans because the body does not synthesize it. Even the numerous studies have demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation stimulates the immune system, prevents DNA damage and significantly decreases the risk of a wide range of pathologies; the potential protective mechanisms are still largely unknown. This review summarizes the recently known facts about the role of vitamin C on the selected cells of the immune system and potential molecular mechanisms involved. Further, in this review, many new data about the positive effects of vitamin C on the immune system, potential toxicological effects, vitamin C supplementation in disease development, as well as some proposed mechanisms of vitamin C activity, are discussed.
Relativistic effects in atomic and molecular properties
Authors: Iliaš Miroslav , Kellö Vladimír , Urban Miroslav 
Published: November 2010

Relativistic effects in atomic and molecular propertiesWe present an overview of basic principles and methods of the relativistic quantum chemistry. Practical aspects of different methods will be discussed stressing their capability of providing accurate predictions of molecular properties, particularly in species containing a heavy metal element. We will present a series of examples showing the importance of relativistic effects in a variety of molecular properties including electron affinities, ionization potentials, reaction and dissociation energies, electric, spectroscopic and other properties. It is possible to recognize a link between these properties and behaviour of materials in some cases. Particular attention is paid to relativistic calculations of the nuclear quadrupole moments for which accurate theoretical electric field gradient is combined with data from the microwave spectra. Important aspect of the present paper is understanding of trends in electronically related atoms throughout the Mendeleev Periodic Table rather than focusing on highly accurate numbers. We will show that relativistic effects represent an unavoidable instrument for explaining some unexpected properties of heavy metal containing compounds. We will also discuss an interplay between the many-electron correlation and relativistic effects.
Light front field theory: An advanced Primer
Authors: Martinovič L'ubomír 
Published: November 2010

Light front field theory: An advanced PrimerWe present an elementary introduction to quantum field theory formulated in terms of Dirac's light front variables. In addition to general principles and methods, a few more specific topics and approaches based on the author's work will be discussed. Most of the discussion deals with massive two-dimensional models formulated in a finite spatial volume starting with a detailed comparison between quantization of massive free fields in the usual field theory and the light front (LF) quantization. We discuss basic properties such as relativistic invariance and causality. After the LF treatment of the soluble Federbush model, a LF approach to spontaneous symmetry breaking is explained and a simple gauge theory - the massive Schwinger model in various gauges is studied. A LF version of bosonization and the massive Thirring model are also discussed. A special chapter is devoted to the method of discretized light cone quantization and its application to calculations of the properties of quantum solitons. The problem of LF zero modes is illustrated with the example of the two-dimensional Yukawa model. Hamiltonian perturbation theory in the LF formulation is derived and applied to a few simple processes to demonstrate its advantages. As a byproduct, it is shown that the LF theory cannot be obtained as a "light-like" limit of the usual field theory quantized on an initial space-like surface. A simple LF formulation of the Higgs mechanism is then given. Since our intention was to provide a treatment of the light front quantization accessible to postgradual students, an effort was made to discuss most of the topics pedagogically and a number of technical details and derivations are contained in the appendices.
Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics - Concepts and applications
Authors: Scheel Stefan , Buhmann Stefan 
Published: November 2010

Macroscopic quantum electrodynamics - Concepts and applicationsIn this article, we review the principles of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics and discuss a variety of applications of this theory to medium-assisted atom-field coupling and dispersion forces. The theory generalises the standard mode expansion of the electromagnetic fields in free space to allow for the presence of absorbing bodies. We show that macroscopic quantum electrodynamics provides the link between isolated atomic systems and magnetoelectric bodies, and serves as an important tool for the understanding of surface-assisted atomic relaxation effects and the intimately connected position-dependent energy shifts which give rise to Casimir—Polder and van der Waals forces.
Evaluation of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in a vaccinated Nigerian population
Authors: Adoga Moses P. , Pennap Grace , Akande Becky O. , Mairiga Jamey P. , Pechulano Simon , Agwale Simon M. 
Published: November 2010

Introduction: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in 1986 and has gradually replaced the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. No published data are available on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines in Nigerians. The current study aimed to evaluate protective sero-conversion rates after vaccination with Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine in Nigerian subjects between January and September 2009. Methodology: After having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance, 2 mL of blood were aseptically collected from each participant aged ≤ 50 years, one month after the first, second and third doses of the vaccine. Sera were separated into cryovials and frozen at -21oC until analysed for the detection of the protective antibody titre induction. Protective antibody titre was defined as a titre of ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: Of the 376 participants, 192 (51.1%) were males and 184 (48.9%) were females. A total of 144 subjects participated in the first-dose group, nine (6.3%) of whom developed protective antibody titre (8.3% of males and 4.2% of females). Of the 121 participants in the second-dose group, 108 (89.3%) developed protective antibody titre (98.3% of males and 80.3% of females), while of the 111 participants in the third-dose group, 100% protectively sero-converted. Males were more likely to develop protective antibody titre than females after the second dose (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This data provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine and the need to adhere to the recommended three-dose schedule to achieve full and lasting sero-protection among Nigerians.
Characterizing aquifers when using magnetic resonance sounding in a heterogeneous geomagnetic field
Authors: Vouillamoz J.M. , Legchenko A. , Nandagiri L. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIt has previously been reported that the heterogeneity of the geomagnetic field disturbs the currently‐measured free induction decay signal of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS). To overcome the limitation of MRS in a non‐homogeneous geomagnetic field, we adapted the spin‐echo methodology usually used at the laboratory scale and in boreholes. We present examples of measurements carried out in a sandy aquifer in southern India. The 15–25 m thick sand deposit overlays a gneissic basement. Two sources of geomagnetic field heterogeneity have been identified at this site, both affecting the geomagnetic field within the sandy aquifer: the gneissic bedrock and an intruded dyke into the bedrock. Spin‐echo and free induction decay signals have been recorded at six locations. We found that the groundwater content, the thickness of the saturated aquifer and its transmissivity calculated with free induction decay measurements are underestimated compared to those derived from spin‐echo measurements. The closer to the dyke the higher the underestimation. Time‐domain electromagnetic measurements indicate that the aquifer is rather homogeneous at the site scale, as suggested by spin‐echo results. We also found that a small heterogeneity of the geomagnetic field can go unnoticed, thus leading to an unknown mis‐estimate of aquifer properties when using free induction decay measurements. Thus spin‐echo measurements can be used to improve the accuracy of aquifer characterization when using MRS in geological contexts where geomagnetic field heterogeneity exists.
Relative hydraulic conductivity and effective saturation from Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance – a method for assessing the vadose zone
Authors: Costabel Stephan , Yaramanci Ugur 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTBeside the water content, petrophysical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques in the lab and in boreholes as well as in the field, provide estimates of the hydraulic conductivity of water saturated sediments and rocks. In the vadose zone, the hydraulic conductivity is a function of the water saturation. Regarding the characterization of the vadose zone, the magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method is expected to have great potential. However, so far, the petrophysical relationship of the hydraulic properties under partial saturation conditions and the NMR parameters in the Earth’s magnetic field is not fully understood. In this study, laboratory NMR experiments in the Earth’s field (EFNMR) are performed in comparison to conventional high field NMR (HFNMR). Sand‐filled columns were used to generate partially saturated conditions by simulating capillary fringes (grain sizes from fine to coarse). We investigate the ability of both NMR techniques to determine the residual water content and the dependency of the NMR relaxation times on the water saturation degree. We note that EFNMR measurements tend to underestimate the residual water content due to long measurement dead times. Furthermore, it shows that the HFNMR relaxation time , as a function of the saturation, behaves according to the Brooks‐Corey model that describes the water retention function and thus allows for the prediction of the relative hydraulic conductivity ,. The EFNMR relaxation time as a function of the saturation degree differs from the Brooks‐Corey expectation due to the influence of the dephasing relaxation rate that is, in general, responsible for the difference of and . We assume that the dephasing relaxation rate itself, when induced by internal magnetic field gradients, depends on the water saturation. We introduce a model that accounts for this dependency with a weighting factor for the dephasing relaxation rate, given as a power law of the saturation degree. The model enables the description of as a function of the water saturation and thus provides the estimation of from . We compare the NMR based predictions with the functions estimated from gravity induced outflow experiments at the columns. The results are in agreement within half a decade for every sand sample of the study. In principle, the suggested approach can be applied for estimating in situ by MRS measurements in the vadose zone. We discuss the potential and limitations of this approach for MRS.
Distinct Roles for the NK Cell-Activating Receptors in Mediating Interactions with Dendritic Cells and Tumor Cells
Authors: Wai Lu-En , Garcia Jordan A. , Martinez Olivia M. , Krams Sheri M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells that are important in tumor immunity, but also have the ability to modulate the adaptive immune system through cytokine production or direct cell–cell interactions. This study investigates the interaction of NK cells with dendritic cells (DCs) and tumor cells, and the role of specific NK cell-activating receptors in this process. Primary rat NK cells and an NK cell line produced IFN-γ when cocultured with either DCs or the rat hepatoma cell line McA-RH7777 (McA). This NK cell activation by DCs and McA required cell-cell contact and was dependent on distinct NK-activating receptors. Silencing NK cell expression of NKp46 and NKp30 significantly diminished DC- and McA-mediated NK cell IFN-γ production, respectively. NK cells killed immature and mature DCs independently of NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D; however, cytotoxicity against McA cells was dependent on NKp30 and NKG2D. Thus, we have shown in this study that NKp30 plays dual activating roles in NK–McA tumor interactions by mediating cytokine production and cytotoxicity. More importantly, NK cells are activated by both DCs and hepatoma cells to produce IFN-γ, but require distinct NK cell-activating receptors, NKp46 and NKp30, respectively. Our data suggest that therapeutics could be developed specifically to target NK–DC interactions without compromising NK tumor immunity.
THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY IN HAEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION:AN UPDATE
Authors: Stavrou Evi , Lazarus Hillard Michael 
Published: November 2010

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a vital procedure for patients with various hematologic conditions. Despite advances in the field, HCT carries significant morbidity and mortality. A rare but potentially devastating complication is transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA). In contrast to idiopathic TTP, whose etiology is attributed to deficient activity of ADAMTS13, (a member of the A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin 1 repeats family of metalloproteases), patients with TA-TMA have > 5% ADAMTS13 activity. Pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with TA-TMA, include loss of endothelial cell integrity induced by intensive conditioning regimens, immunosuppressive therapy, irradiation, infections and graft-versus-host (GVHD) disease. The reported incidence of TA-TMA ranges from 0.5% to 75%, reflecting the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in these patients. Two different groups have proposed consensus definitions for TA-TMA, yet they fail to distinguish the primary syndrome from secondary causes such as infections or medication exposure. Despite treatment, mortality rate in TA-TMA ranges between 60% to 90%. The treatment strategies for TA-TMA remain challenging. Calcineurin inhibitors should be discontinued and replaced with alternative immunosuppressive agents. Daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-CD25 antibody, has shown promising results in the treatment of TA-TMA. Rituximab or the addition of defibrotide, have been reported to induce remission in this patient population. In general, plasma exchange is not recommended.
Marginal zone B cell lymphomas with extensive plasmacytic differentiation are neoplasms of precursor plasma cells
Authors: Meyerson Howard J. , Bailey Jeffrey , Miedler John , Olobatuyi Felix 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOccasional marginal zone lymphomas have extensive plasmacytic differentiation (P‐MZL). We present an argument based on our data and previous published observations that P‐MZL represent neoplasms of precursor plasma cells. Five P‐MZL were analyzed by flow cytometry and the phenotype was compared with conventional MZL, plasma cell myeloma (PCM), reactive plasmacytoses (RP), and normal marrow plasma cells. The clonal cells in four of five P‐MZL were CD19(+), CD20(dim/−), CD38(bright), CD45(++), CD56(−), CD138(−), and surface light chain(dim/−). One case was CD56(+), CD138(+), and CD19(−). A separate clonal mature B cell population [CD20(+), CD79b(+)] was not detected in any of these tumors. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated similarity between the neoplastic cells in four of the five P‐MZL with plasma cells in RP comprised of precursor plasma cells. Analysis of normal bone marrow plasma cells revealed a CD45(++)CD38(bright)CD19(+)CD138(−/+) precursor plasma cell population similar to the plasma cells in RP and P‐MZL and a very small population of mature CD45(+/−)CD38(bright)CD138(+)CD19(−) plasma cells resembling the neoplastic cells in PCM. The findings suggest that P‐MZL represents a malignancy of a plasma cell stage of differentiation distinct from the plasma cell stage corresponding to PCM. We propose the term precursor plasma cell neoplasm for these tumors. ©2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Managing high‐potency active pharmaceutical ingredients—A drug sponsor's guide
Authors: Wollowitz Susan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe wide interest in developing improved therapies for cancer has led to a dramatic increase in the number of highly potent active pharmaceutical ingredients (HAPIs) under development and in use today. The following is an overview of the “cradle‐to‐grave” health risk issues that must be addressed during drug development of a HAPI, as seen from a drug sponsor's perspective. Although much of the handling of the drug may be outsourced, this article points out the principal responsibilities of the drug sponsor and what they need to know about the responsibilities of the CMOs and CROs in handling HAPIs to ensure the most effective partnership. The major focus is on manufacturing activity, but upstream and downstream issues are also presented. Drug Dev Res 71:420–428, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.