bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color‐edge detection based on discrimination of noticeable color contrasts
Authors: Liu Kuo‐Cheng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractColor‐edge detection is an important research task in the field of image processing. Efficient and accurate edge detection will lead to higher performance of subsequent image processing techniques, including image segmentation, object‐based image coding, and image retrieval. To improve the performance of color‐edge detection while considering that human eyes are ultimate receiver of color images, the perceptually insignificant edges should avoid being over‐detected. In this article, a color‐edge detection scheme based on the perceptual color contrast is proposed. The perceptual color contrast is defined as the visible color difference across an edge in the CIE‐Lab color space. A perceptual metric for measuring the visible color difference of a target color pixel is defined by utilizing the associated perceptually indistinguishable region. The perceptually indistinguishable region for each color pixel in the CIE‐Lab color space is estimated by the design of an experiment that considers the local property due to local changes in luminance. Simulation results show that the perceptual color contrast is effectively defined and the color edges in color images are detected while most of the perceptually insignificant edges are successfully suppressed through the proposed color‐edge detection scheme. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 332–339, 2009
Cross‐band fusion by energy weight as solution to illumination and arch restrictions in palm‐print recognition
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Hua , Li Chun‐Zhi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPalm‐print image is often influenced by illumination and the arch of the palm‐print results in a great deal of noise during the course of palm‐print image acquisition. This article presents palm‐print recognition based on cross‐band fusion by energy weight and comprehensively takes into account the noisy properties of various sub‐bands in single wavelet level and decomposition coefficient of the adjacent sub‐band, thus the method of energy weight based on palm‐print image is employed. Then two‐dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) is employed for dimension reduction and decorrelated. Finally, a nearest neighbor classifier is used for palm‐print recognition. Experimental results on Hong Kong PolyU palm‐print database show that correct recognition rate can reach 100% by the method presented within this article. Correct recognition rate and recognition efficiency is higher than that of 2DPCA and WT + DCT + 2DPCA (Wavelet Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform and 2DPCA, WT + DCT + 2DPCA). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 350–355, 2009
An image compression method based on multiple models for the probabilities of patterns
Authors: Chan Yung‐Kuan , Wang Ching‐Lin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article proposes an image compression method based on multiple models for the probabilities of patterns (MMPP method) to encode a gray‐level image f. First, the MMPP method employs a median edge detector (MED) to reduce the entropy of f. The intensities of two adjacent pixels in an image are usually close to each other. A base switching transformation (BST) is then used to lessen the spatial redundancy of f. Finally, the arithmetic encoding method is applied to further encode the data generated after the processing of MED and BST. To reduce the memory space required to hold f, the MMPP method classifies the data and then compresses the data in each cluster by the arithmetic encoding method based on different probability tables. The experimental results show that mostly the MMPP method can provide better efficiency in memory space than the lossless JPEG 2000 method does. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 362–368, 2009
Low CD34 collection from a healthy blood progenitor cell donor: A case report
Authors: Refaai Majed A. , Cusick Robin M. , Paranjape Geeta , Sutor Laurie J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground:Transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells is widely used to ameliorate the consequences of bone marrow failure. In allogeneic transplantation, peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) from an HLA‐matched donor are collected by apheresis and then identified using flow cytometric methods as being CD34 marker positive cells.Case Report:A 25‐year‐old healthy male was matched with an obese 106 kg 23‐year‐old female diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. After a routine course of G‐CSF induction, a 2‐day PBPC collection procedure with a collection volume of 12 L/day was planned. All samples for CD34 estimation were shipped, stored, and tested according to the laboratory standard regulations. Testing was performed per International Society for Hematotherapy and Graft protocol, and CD34+ cells were immunophenotyped using monoclonal antibody against CD34 and CD45 by multicolor flow cytometry.Results:The cumulative yield of both collections was 70.6 × 106 CD34+ cells (0.67 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg), which fell short of the requested dose of 530 × 106 (5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). Surprisingly, the recipient engrafted successfully and 12 days posttransplant short tandem repeat testing demonstrated only T cells of donor origin in the peripheral blood.Conclusion:To our knowledge, no successful engraftment has been reported as yet with such a poor collection of PBPC. The amountof transfused CD34+ cells (0.67 × 106/kg) was significantly less than the minimum required amount (5× 106/kg). J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Appropriate timing of G‐CSF use after mobilization chemotherapy significantly increases the yield of CD34+ cells in autoPBSCT
Authors: Xu Li , Chang Chunkang , Li Xiao , Gan Weijin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe yield of CD34+ cells collected by apheresis for autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation was greatly increased when the appropriate timing was determined to begin using G‐CSF after COAEP (Cytoxan, Vinblastine, Arabinosylcytosin, Etoposide and Prednisone) mobilization. Twenty‐nine patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma (MM) received the same mobilization chemotherapy, including cytoxan (CTX) 400 mg/m2 d1; vinblastine (VLB) 2 mg/m2 d1; Ara‐C 60 mg/m2 × 5d; vp‐16 60 mg/m2 × 5d; and prednisone 40 mg/m2 × 5d. The historical control group (12 cases) received subcutaneous G‐CSF (filgrastim) at the first restoration after the initial nadir of the peripheral WBC count. The experimental group (17 cases) received G‐CSF during the steady rise of the WBC count (end of fluctuating after initial nadir). G‐CSF was given in a single daily subcutaneous dose of 5 μg/kg until the final PBSC apheresis. When the peripheral WBC and mononuclear cell (MNC) counts reached 10 × 109/L and 1 × 109/L, respectively, leukapheresis was carried out using the COBE Spectrablood cell separator. Despite comparable treatment with alkylating agents, a significantly increased yield of CD34‐positive cells was observed in the experimental group (32 × 106/kg) compared with the historical control group (3.1 × 106/kg) (P = 0.0182). This result indicates the importance of appropriate timing for the use G‐CSF after mobilization chemotherapy to increase the CD34+ cell yield. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA methylation in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Altun Gulsah , Loring Jeanne F. , Laurent Louise C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self‐renewing cells. These cells can be used in applications such as cell therapy, drug development, disease modeling, and the study of cellular differentiation. Investigating the interplay of epigenetics, genetics, and gene expression in control of pluripotence and differentiation could give important insights on how these cells function. One of the best known epigenetic factors is DNA methylation, which is a major mechanism for regulation of gene expression. This phenomenon is mostly seen in imprinted genes and X‐chromosome inactivation where DNA methylation of promoter regions leads to repression of gene expression. Differential DNA methylation of pluripotence‐associated genes such as Nanog and Oct4/Pou5f1 has been observed between pluripotent and differentiated cells. It is clear that tight regulation of DNA methylation is necessary for normal development. As more associations between aberrant DNA methylation and disease are reported, the demand for high‐throughput approaches for DNA methylation analysis has increased. In this article, we highlight these methods and discuss recent DNA methylation studies on ESCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1–6, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purity, cell viability, expression of GFAP and bystin in astrocytes cultured by different procedures
Authors: Du Fang , Qian Zhong Ming , Zhu Li , Wu Xiao Mei , Qian Christopher , Chan Robbie , Ke Ya 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrimary astrocyte cultures are the most commonly used in vitro model for neurobiological studies. We speculated that different protocols might induce differences not only in the percentage of astrocytes but also in their biological characteristics. In this study, we investigated the effects of four major protocols on the purity of astrocytes, cell viability, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and bystin of cultured astrocytes using MTT assay, immunocytochemical staining, and Western blot analysis. We demonstrated that the purity of astrocytes (98.9%) generated by the subculture (SC) procedure is significantly higher than those generated by primary culture (PC), shaken once culture (SK‐1) or shaken twice culture (SK‐2). We also showed that expressions of GFAP and bystin in astrocytes that are purified by the SK‐2 or SK‐1 procedures are significantly higher than those in astrocytes prepared by PC or SC. In addition, astrocytes cultured by SK‐2 or SK‐1 have a higher level of cell viabilities at most time points after ischemia compared with astrocytes cultured by PC or SC. These suggested that physical stimulation induced by “shaken” or culture operation might be able to activate astrocytes and implied that different procedures induce differences not only in the purity but also in the biological characteristics of astrocytes, such as the percentage of activated astrocytes, GFAP, and bystin expressions and responses to ischemia. A more detailed analysis about the effect of “culture protocol factor” on the biological characteristics of astrocytes is absolutely needed. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 30–37, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RNA secondary structure prediction using a self‐consistent mean field approach
Authors: Kleesiek Jens , Torda Andrew E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe propose a method for predicting RNA base pairing which imposes no restrictions on the order of base pairs, allows for pseudoknots and runs in O(mN2) time for N base pairs and m iterations. It employs a self‐consistent mean field method in which all base pairs are possible, but with each iteration, the most energetically favored base pairs become more likely as long as they are consistent with their neighbors. Performance was compared against three other programs using three test sets. Sensitivity varied from 20% to 74% and specificity from 44% to 77% and generally, the method predicts too many base pairs leading to good sensitivity and worse specificity. The predicted structures have excellent energies suggesting that, algorithmically, the method performs well, but the classic literature energy models may not be appropriate when pseudoknots are permitted. Website and source code for the simulations are available at http://cardigan.zbh.uni‐hamburg.de/∼rnascmf. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Evaluation of the impact of lipid fouling during the chromatographic purification of virus‐like particles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jin Jing , Chhatre Sunil , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. , Bracewell Daniel G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Production of recombinant virus‐like particles (VLPs) in yeast expression systems for use as vaccines requires cell disruption and detergent‐mediated steps to liberate the product. Typically, these release high levels of cellular components such as lipids that foul chromatography columns. This study compares the impact of applying lipid‐rich and lipid‐depleted feedstocks to hydrophobic interaction chromatography columns to quantify the loss of performance caused by the presence of host lipids over a total of 40 operational cycles.RESULTS: VLP binding capacity in the lipid‐rich feed was significantly lower than for the lipid‐depleted feed, with greater than 24% of the lipids remaining in the column after each cycle. Triacylglycerol was found to be the major contaminant. The effectiveness of subsequent caustic clean‐in‐place was limited, resulting in column hydrophobicity increasing over repeated loading cycles. This improved the effective VLP binding capacity and affinity, but also made product elution more difficult, and recovery decreased by more than 70% over the 40 cycles.CONCLUSION: Host cell lipids cause major fouling problems during VLP purification. Instead of screening for better CIP conditions, priority should be given to identifying suitable upstream lipid removal strategies in order to maintain column performance and so yield more economically viable processes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A facile and practical approach to randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Cui Yanli , Wang Caixia , Mao Jianwei , Yu Yongping 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Because of its high demand for use in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, soil remediation technologies, etc., randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin (RM‐β‐CD) is one of the most important cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. The aim of this present work is to use a green and commercially available approach to obtain RM‐β‐CD. Compared with other methylated CDs, RM‐β‐CD with an asymmetric molecular structure has higher water solubility. When the degree of substitution (DS) is about 1.8, the solubility tends to increase with increasing temperature and is suitable for pharmaceutical applications.RESULTS: RM‐β‐CD was synthesized using a green approach with ideal DS equal to 1.79. The one step process of β‐cyclodextrin methylation by CH3Cl instead of (CH3)2SO4 at mild temperature (80 °C) and pressure (1.60 MPa) with a good yield (78%), is convenient and environmentally friendly. The mixture of RM‐β‐CD obtained contained five compounds with various DS, from which the main compound with a DS equal to 1.8 was separated by column chromatography. The compounds were carefully characterized by infra‐red, NMR and mass spectrometry.CONCLUSIONS: The one‐step process to RM‐β‐CDs with CH3Cl is more economical, more efficient and less noxious than the usual method using (CH3)2SO4. Moreover, this approach avoids some poisonous residual materials and meets the demand for protecting the environment. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma: A case of complete prenatal involution
Authors: Ozcan Umit Aksoy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report a case of rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma of the flank, which was diagnosed in the 2nd trimester of gestation and showed complete involution before term. In our case sonography revealed a highly vascular soft tissue mass with smooth contours, which was isointense with the placenta on T2‐weighted MR images. The fetus was born with scar tissue at the site of the lesion. To our knowledge this is the 1st reported case of rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma showing complete involution before term. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010
A new reaction of 1,2‐di‐ and 1,2,3‐trialkyldiaziridines: Ring expansion under the action of diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in ionic liquids
Authors: Syroeshkina Yuliya S. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Kachala Vadim V. , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image New reaction of diaziridine ring expansion resulting in diethyl 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐4,5‐dicarboxylate derivatives was discovered under the action of diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate on 1,2‐di‐ and 1,2,3‐trialkyldiaziridines in ionic liquids. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthesis of imidacloprid analogues from novel chloronicotinaldehydes
Authors: Gangadasu B. , Raju B. China , Rao V. Jayathirtha 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A serious of imidacloprid analogues have been synthesized from novel chloronicotinaldehydes. The chloronicotinaldehydes are the important synthons obtained from Vilsmeier reaction of various enamides. Thus synthesized imidacloprid analogues are new heterocyclic compounds obtained in very good yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 5‐arylnaphtho[2,1‐c][2,7]naphthyridine derivatives catalyzed by iodine
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Shan , Li Qing , Wu Jian‐Rong , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A novel method for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydro‐5‐arylnaphtho[2,1‐c][2,7]naphthyridine derivatives via a three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, naphthalen‐2‐amine, and N‐substituted piperidin‐4‐one derivatives is described using 5 mol % iodine as catalyst. The features of this new procedure are mild reaction condition, high yield, operational simplicity, and uses available reactants. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Knowledge translation: An opportunity to reduce global health inequalities
Authors: Welch Vivian , Ueffing Erin , Tugwell Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractKnowledge translation represents an opportunity to redress global health inequalities. This paper first assesses models for how health inequalities are produced and sustained, including effects of catastrophic illness and globalisation. Secondly, this paper illustrates how methods for knowledge translation can be applied to reducing inequalities in health by ensuring the best evidence is applied when appropriate. Thirdly, the paper describes available databases and tools for monitoring effects of knowledge translation on global health inequalities. In particular, mapping methods for creating visual representations of changes in global health inequalities are useful for setting priorities for action and research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The global pattern of household wealth
Authors: Davies James B. , Sandström Susanna , Shorrocks Anthony , Wolff Edward 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe provide the first estimate of the level and distribution of global household wealth. The level of assets and debts for 39 countries are measured using household balance sheet and survey data centred on the year 2000. Average wealth holdings are imputed to countries lacking direct evidence. Microdata on household wealth distribution are assembled for 20 countries. Wealth inequality is imputed to other countries from the observed relation between wealth and income distribution in these countries. We find that the top 10 per cent owned 85 per cent of world wealth, and the Gini coefficient was 0.893, greater than that for the global distribution of income. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global inequality and injustice
Authors: Moellendorf Darrel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper I shall argue that much of the existing global inequality is unjust, and that this injustice is not only because reducing inequality could serve the important goal of poverty reduction. I reject arguments of John Rawls and Thomas Nagel that limit the importance of distributive egalitarianism to states. I argue in contrast that a commitment to respect for human dignity has egalitarian distributive implications for the global economy. Injustice in the existing institutional order provides reasons for reforming the global institutional structure to reduce inequality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Did globalisation affect health status? A simulation exercise
Authors: Cornia Giovanni Andrea , Rosignoli Stefano , Tiberti Luca 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe last two decades of the 20th century recorded a slowdown in the pace of progress of life expectancy at birth in most developing and transitional regions. The paper explores the causes of such trend on the basis of existing mortality theories. The results obtained through an eclectic econometric model confirm the negative impact of the 1980–2000 trends in the main determinants of health, such as rising inequality and volatility, declining health expenditure, lower vaccination coverage, slowly improving female literacy and so on. Finally, the paper simulates the level of LEB that would have been achieved in 10 regions of the world if the above determinants of health had continued developing over 1980–2000 as they did over 1960–1980. The results indicate that in seven of such regions (including China and India) in 2000 LEB would have been higher than actually observed. In this regard, the paper raises some doubts about the way globalisation has taken place and the way public policy oriented it. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and radiosynthesis of N5‐[18F]fluoroethyl‐Pirenzepine and its metabolite N5‐[18F]fluoroethyl‐LS 75
Authors: Riss Patrick J. , Soskic Vukic , Schrattenholz Andre , Roesch Frank 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe well established M1 selective muscarinergic antagonist Pirenzepine 11‐[2‐(4‐methyl‐piperazin‐1‐yl)‐acetyl]‐5,11‐dihydro‐benzo[e]pyrido[3,2‐b][1,4]diazepin‐6‐one (1) exhibits an unusual behaviour in vivo, which cannot be explained with M1 antagonism exclusively. One of the aspects discussed is a specific interaction with poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP‐1). 1 undergoes metabolism to form LS 75 5,11‐dihydro‐benzo[e]pyrido[3,2‐b][1,4]diazepin‐6‐one (2). In order to study deviations in Pirenzepine efficacy from pure M1 binding in vivo using PET, appropriate positron emitter labelled analogues of 1 and 2 were synthesised. Non‐radioactive reference compounds 3 and 4 were tested for PARP‐1 inhibition. The n‐octanol–water partition coefficients of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 at pH 7.4 (logD7.4) were determined. Both, 3 and 4 were labelled with 18F via 2‐[18F]fluoroalkylation in position 5 of the benzodiazepinone moiety to obtain N5‐[18F]fluoroethyl Pirenzepine [18F]‐3 and N5‐[18F]fluoroethyl LS 75 [18F]‐4. Radiotracers [18F]‐3 and [18F]‐4 were obtained in radiochemical yields of 15±4 % and 30±5% after 120 and 110 min, respectively. Metabolism of both compounds was investigated in vitro in human and rat plasma, respectively. Compound 3 did not show activity as an inhibitor of PARP‐1. Contrary, 4 displays moderate PARP‐1 inhibition potency. The new radiotracer [18F]‐4 can be applied for molecular imaging using autoradiography and PET. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate coefficients for the reactions of OH with n‐propanol and iso‐propanol between 237 and 376 K
Authors: Rajakumar B. , McCabe David C. , Talukdar Ranajit K. , Ravishankara A. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe rate coefficients for the reaction OH + CH3CH2CH2OH → products (k1) and OH + CH3CH(OH)CH3 → products (k2) were measured by the pulsed‐laser photolysis–laser‐induced fluorescence technique between 237 and 376 K. Arrhenius expressions for k1 and k2 are as follows: k1 = (6.2 ± 0.8) × 10−12 exp[−(10 ± 30)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, with k1(298 K) = (5.90 ± 0.56) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and k2 = (3.2 ± 0.3) × 10−12 exp[(150 ± 20)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1, with k2(298) = (5.22 ± 0.46) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The quoted uncertainties are at the 95% confidence level and include estimated systematic errors. The results are compared with those from previous measurements and rate coefficient expressions for atmospheric modeling are recommended. The absorption cross sections for n‐propanol and iso‐propanol at 184.9 nm were measured to be (8.89 ± 0.44) × 10−19 and (1.90 ± 0.10) × 10−18 cm2 molecule−1, respectively. The atmospheric implications of the degradation of n‐propanol and iso‐propanol are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 10–24, 2010