bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tear level of nerve growth factor in normal dogs
Authors: DODI PL , ZANOTTI C , ROSSI S , ALOE L 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To evaluate tear level of nerve growth factor (NGF) in normal dogs. Methods In the present study we investigated the presence and the level of NGF in the tear of 12 normal dogs (24 eyes) with different sex (5 males and 7 females) and age (ranging from 2 to 12 years old). Tears were collected by washing the eye surface 150 microliter of physiological salt after clinical examinations. Tear samples were stored at ‐20°C until tested for presence of NGF performed with a commercially available immunoenzymatic assay and expressed as pg/ml of sample. Results All samples examined showed presence of NGF, suggesting that this growth factor is a constitutive biological mediator of the ocular surface. It was also found that the level of NGF in the right eye is different from the left eye. Thus, the average concentration in the tear of the right was 7,97 (ranging from 5.0 to 38.3 pg/ml), whereas the average in the left eyes was 15,79 (ranging from 5.0 to 67.5 pg/ml). Conclusion Tear fluid is a secretion of lacrimal gland that lubrificates the eye surface and plays a critical role in response to eye irritation, by improving optical performance and the deficit induced by keratoconjuntivitis sicca. The observation that NGF is present in tear of dogs in a physiological relevant amount suggests that this molecule may be involved in the regulation of corneal homeostasis. Moreover, as NGF is known to play a role in emotional and anxiety‐like behaviour, and tear secretion is a widespread phenomena among vertebrates, the possibility exists that NGF might be also involved in these behaviour responses. Because cats rarely suffer from emotional behavioural and keratoconjuntivitis sicca further studies may help to understand the role of NGF in tear secretion.
Istopathological aspects of complications of DSAEK: our experience
Authors: PESCE G , VALENZANO E , MACINAGROSSA G , DI GESU I , MONTRONE F 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Descemet–stripping automated endotelium Keratoplasty (DSAEK) is a selective tissue transplanation procedure in which only the deseaded endotelium and descemet membrane is replaced. The aim is to study the histopathologic features of DSAEK graft removed after graft failure and to correlate with relevant clinical features. Methods Retrospective study of 2 cases of DSAEK graft failure in 22 patients who underwent DSAEK for Fuchs Endotelial Dystrophy and Bullous keratopathy. Perioperative clinical finding were correlated with pathologic finding of the explanted graft specimens. Anormalities in the DSAEK graft and in the interface between the recipient cornea and the DSAEK graft were studied. Results All DSAEK procedures were uneventful. All graft failure occured in association with graft dethacment or more surgical manipolation. In 1 case the donor tessue detached in CA, in 1 cases the graft remained attached but failed to clear. By ligthmicroscopy, explanted donor tessue showed the presence of extentively damaged keratocytes in the deep posterior stroma and also in the interface at the graft‐ host junction. Histopatologic evaluation showed marked corneal edema and endotelial cell loss. Conclusion The DSAEK proves to be a viable surgical technique in cases of imbalance corneal from endothelial problems. Rare are the cases of failure, in which histopathological study shows that the complication is due to bullous detachment between the two flaps, because of failure histopathological and clinical surgery
Surveillance cultures of contact lenses of patients with Boston KPRO type keratoprosthesis
Authors: DE LA CRUZ J , MCMAHON T 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Patients with Type 1 Boston KPRO require the use of a contact lens to avoid complications of drying of the corneal tissue surrounding the KPro. Additionally, these patients require chronic use of topical antibiotics to reduce the ever‐present risk of endophthalmitis. This may promote the growth resistant organisms. The purpose of this study is to perform surveillance cultures of contact lenses of KPro patients to determine if organism growth may be detected prior to clinical presentation of infection. Methods Cultures of contact lenses from Boston KPro type 1 patients were performed. All patients were maintained on a prophylactic antibiotic regimen including vancomycin. All contact lenses were removed 1 week to 1 month after insertion. Removal prior to 1 month was necessary when excessive protein deposits were noted on the lens. Lenses were removed cultured and analyzed under electron microscopy. Results 45 patients with a KPro implanted in the last 18 months, the lenses of 15 patients were analyzed in the above manner. These 15 patients had various conditions including Stevens Johnson Syndrome, chemical burns, keratoconus, and multiple graft failures. Of the 15 lenses analyzed, one patient had cultures positive for streptococcus pneumonia, consistent with the patient's presentation of endophthalmitis. Three had cultures positive for coagulase negative staphylococcus although they did not present with any signs or symptoms of infection. Conclusion Surveillance cultures appear to be an effective way to monitor the contact lenses of Boston KPro patients for possible organism growth. The detection of these organisms prior to the clinical presentation of infection could serve as a signal to change the patient's antibiotic regimen.
Limbal choristomas – analysis of surgical technique and postoperative results (3 case reports)
Authors: ASOKLIS R , BUTKIENE L , JUODKAITE G , MAKSELIS A , PETROSKA D , PAJAUJIS M 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To present three case reports of the limbal choristomas.Analyse surgical technique, pathology slides, evaluate postoperative results by anterior optical coherence tomography (OCT) and keratotopography. Methods Three patients with limbal choristomas were operated in Vilnius University Hospital. Location of the tumor was typical – inferiotemporal part of the limbus. All patients were admitted to the hospital lately after the time of diagnosis establishment. Patients were operated at the age of nineteen, six and fifteen years old. Case 1. Surgery was performed on the right eye of the nineteen years old lady. Visual acuity (VA) before the surgery 0,2 Case 2. Surgery was performed on the left eye of the six years old girl. VA before the surgery 0,8. Case 3. Surgery was performed on the right eye of the fifteen years old boy. VA before the surgery 0,2. Surgical technique‐excision of the limbal tumor and lamellar corneal graft transplantation. Results In case 1 and case 3 visual acuity of the operated eyes remaned the same as it was before the surgery. In case 2 postoperative visual acuity improved by 2 lines. Excised tumors were evaluated by pathologist and diagnosis of the limbal dermoid was established. Postoperative results were evaluated by anterior (OCT)and keratotopography. Conclusion 1.In purpose to prevent amblyopia scheduling of the surgery should be decided depending on the general health of the child and size of the tumor. 2.Appropriate surgical technique should be chosen after the evaluation of the size and location of the limbal dermoid. 3.Modern diagnostic tools such as OCT and keratotopography are important for the evaluation of postoperative results.
Importance of electron microscopy in neuronal ceroid lipofucinosis
Authors: HALFELD FURTADO DE MENDONCA R , KOK F , ROSEMBERG S , YUKIHIKO TAKAHASHI W 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To describe the electroretinographic and ultra‐structural alteration in a very rare family case of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofucinosis (NCL). Methods A 7‐year‐old boy and his brother a 5‐year‐old boy with NCL of juvenile type, underwent complete ophthalmological exams, including retinography, electroretinography and ultra structural study of the conjunctiva. Results Both children presented optic nerve pallor and arteriolar narrowing. The fundoscopy of the oldest boy showed bone‐spicule changes. The ERG scotopic (rod and maximal) and photopic (cone) responses were absent. The flicker responses were absent in the oldest brother and severely reduced in the youngest brother. It could be a typical case of retinitis pigmentosa. The electron microscopy study of the conjunctiva, detected the curvilinear bodies typical from Neuronal Ceroid Lipofucinosis (NCL). Conclusion The retinal and electroretinographic changes were typical from retinitis pigmentosa. The electron microscopy study is an important tool in LCN diagnosis.
Comparison of refractive cylinder and corneal cylinder in aphakic eyes
Authors: PADRICK T , PACKER, MD, FACS M 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose This paper compares the refractive cylinder in aphakic eyes measured with an intraoperative wavefront aberrometer to preoperative corneal cylinder values which have been corrected for an assumed magnitude of induced cylinder on the axis of the phaco incision. Such a difference could play a significant role in planning corrective cylinder procedures such as LRIs or Toric lens positioning during cataract surgery. Methods Preoperative corneal cylinder was measured for 30 eyes undergoing standard cataract surgery. Using established cross cylinder calculation methods and assuming an induced cylinder of 0.5 D at the phaco incision axis, a modified corneal cylinder was calculated. These modified values were compared to aphakic refractive cylinder values measured with the ORange intraoperative wavefront aberrometer. These aphakic measurements were obtained with the globe re‐inflated with viscoelastic to an IOP of 20 ‐ 25 mm Hg. Three aphakic measurements were obtained for each eye and averaged. Results The modified corneal cylinder should be nearly equal to the aphakic refractive cylinder if the anterior corneal surface represents the total corneal contribution to astigmatism as any affect of the natural crystalline lens on the refractive cylinder has been removed. Statistical differences were found between the modified corneal cylinder (from preoperative keratometry and induced cylinder) in ~15% of the 30 eyes. Differences occurred in both the magnitude and axis of the astigmatism. Conclusion The use of an intraoperative wavefront aberrometer can significantly improve the outcomes of cylinder reducing procedures such as LRIs and Toric IOLs by correctly identifying the magnitude and axis of the patient's refractive corneal astigmatism during surgery.
Commercial interest
Dextran 70 solutions for the intra‐operative control of corneal hydration in rabbit corneas
Authors: PENTARI I , GINIS H , DIAKONIS V , KYMIONIS G , PALLIKARIS IG 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose In terms of excimer laser ablation, the cornea is water bound on an organic matrix. Corneal hydration might affect the excimer laser ablation rate, which could affect the accuracy of correction. It was the purpose of the study to investigate the use of Dextran solutions of varying concentrations to control corneal hydration in rabbit corneas. Methods The corneal epithelium was removed by means of a rotating brush from both eyes of 10 anesthetized pigmented rabbits . The Dextran 70 solutions,with concentrations ranging from 1 to 7%, was topically applied to the eyes for two minutes. The thickness of the cornea in each eye was determined by ultrasound pachymetry after epithelial removal and immediately after rinsing. The Dextran concentration corresponding to zero change in pachymetry was determined by linear regression. In a different series of experiments, rabbit corneas were either overhydrated by means of rinsing with saline or left exposed to dehydrate. Following this artificial change in hydration the corneas were rinsed for 2 minutes with the previously determined iso‐osmotic concentration. Results A strong negative correlation between Dextran concentration and change in pachymetry was observed. Rinsing with the isotonic concentration (2.6%) regulated pachymetry whithin 2% of the original value. Conclusion Corneal hydration can be regulated intraoperatively by means of appropriate Dextran solutions. This may prove useful in cases that hydration is potentially different from normal such as in the case of extensive surgical manipulations prior to laser ablation.
LASIK surgery for myopia in Chinese patients
Authors: KACHANOV A , BALASHEVICH L , GOLOVATENKO S , TIEHUI Z , WANG X , BAUER S , ZIMIN B 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To investigate the results of LASIK surgery for myopia in Chinese patients in Joint Russian‐Chinese Ophthalmic Center. Methods We reviewed our consecutive 296 cases (148 chinese patients, including 92 women and 56 men) of LASIK surgery for myopia with the sphere from ‐1.0 to ‐13.5 D and the cylinder till ‐4.5 D. LASIK was performed by Russian surgeons with the NIDEK EC‐5000 excimer laser and microkeratomes LSK Evolution‐2 (“Moria”). Follow‐up period was up to 3 months. The age of our patients was 26.7+/‐6.2 years. Pre‐op UCVA and BCVA were 0.13+/‐0.08 and 0.97+/‐0.08 consequently. All patients had standard ophthalmic examinations, including pneumotonometry, refractometry etc. We performed statistical analysis by using "Statistica" programm. Results Ablation depth was 89.3+/‐24.5 microns, ablation time was 47.53+/‐15.26 sec. Post‐op UCVA was 0.85+/‐0.24 in the first day, 0.97+/‐0.23 in the first week, 1.05+/‐0.20 in the first month and 1.10+/‐0.11 in the third month after LASIK. Pre‐op IOP was 15.6+/‐2.9 mm Hg. Post‐op IOP was 10.2+/‐2.7 in the first day, 10.5+/‐2.5 in the first week, 10.7+/‐2.9 in the first month and 9.1+/‐2.6 in the third month. UCVA was equal or more than 1.0 in 51.0% in the first day, 71.1% in the first week and 79.1% in the first month after LASIK. There were no serious complications in all cases. Conclusion The results of LASIK surgery for myopia in Chinese patients in the Joint Russian‐Chinese Ophthalmic Center were effective and successful. LASIK surgery by using NIDEK EC‐5000 excimer laser gives predictable and good results in Chinese patients. None of the authors has no financial interest in this work.
Antioxidants reduce diabetic damage in bovine lenses in culture
Authors: DOVRAT A , BORMUSOV E , DOVRAT Y , CHEVION M 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose Background: There are several theories regarding possible mechanisms leading to diabetic cataract. Few of them include oxidation stress. Aims: Investigation of the mechanisms of cataract formation under diabetic conditions, and examination of the effects of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), (which is a precursor of glutathione and an anti‐inflammatory agent) and derivatives of Desferrioxamine (DFO)(which is an iron chelator and reduces oxidative stress) on diabetic cataract. Methods The experiments included 78 bovine lenses. The lenses were divided into eight different treatments including controls and lenses incubated with high glucose levels (450 mg %) with or without each one of the antioxidants. The intact lenses were incubated for a period of two weeks in our special organ culture conditions. Lens optical quality was analyzed every 24 hours. At the end of the culture period, oxidation was followed in the lens epithelial cells with dichlorofluorescein assay and lens proteins were analyzed by SDS and 2D gel electrophoresis. Results High levels of glucose in the culture medium caused optical damage to bovine lenses, increased lens volume due to swelling, increased oxidation of lens epithelial cells, and caused changes in lens beta crystallin. The anti‐oxidants reduced this damage. NAC and Zn‐DFO protected the lenses better than DFO. Conclusion Antioxidants can protect the lens from high glucose damage. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Esther and Chaim Coppel Trust and by the Guzik Ophthalmology Research Fund
Predictive factors of visual outcome in acute post‐cataract endophthalmitis
Authors: COMBEY‐DE LAMBERT A , THURET G , MAURIN M , BRON AM , CORNUT PL , CREUZOT C , VANDENESCH F , DENIS P , ROMANET JP , CHIQUET C 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To study potential clinical and microbiological predictive factors of visual outcome in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Methods A prospective study included 100 patients in 4 University hospital.Factors related to the cataract surgery, the initial clinical presentation and the microbiological identification were analyzed according to the final visual outcome using univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Results 46% out of the patients had a final visual acuity less than or equal to 0.3 logMar (good visual outcome) at 6 months while 10% had only light perceptions. Patients with good visual outcome differed for the duration of cataract surgery, initial visual acuity, the visibility of fundus and the identification of a coagulase negative staphylococcus. In contrast, patients with a poor visual outcome were older, had more cornea oedema and a more important hypopion at the admission, more complications at the time of cataract surgery. Furthermore a bacterium was more frequently identified in this latter group. Multivariate analysis showed that age, complications at the time of cataract surgery, microbiological identification, pars plana vitrectomy were independent predictive factors. Conclusion Factors of visual outcome in acute postcataract endophthalmitis identified in this prospective study were similar to that reported during the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study 10 years ago. As part of the treatment, pars plana vitrectomy is associated with predictive factors of poor visual outcome. Identification of these predictive factors at presentation should allow a better management of patients needed an aggressive treatment.
IC3D classification of corneal dystrophies
Authors: MØLLER HU 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe IC3D group, an international group of corneal specialists and ophthalmic pathologists, formed a few years ago to review known corneal dystrophies. Based on personal experience and literature studies the new IC3D classification of corneal dystrophies was published in December 2008 as a freely available supplement to the journal Cornea. The classification suggests new names for some dystrophies, suggests definitions when an entity could be called a dystrophy, and gives examples of typical slit lamp images. It is built in a way to accommodate new and variant dystrophies found in the future. The purpose of this symposium is to draw attention to this new classification with special emphasis on recent variant dystrophies associated with the TBFBI gene. The IC3D group urges authors and reviewers alike to require stringent criteria to be met before publication of a dystrophy as a new entity.
Overview of the TGFBI corneal dystrophies
Authors: KLINTWORTH GK 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSeveral phenotypically distinct clinicopathologic entities involving the cornea are caused by mutations in the transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) gene. These disorders include different types of granular corneal dystrophy (GCD): GCD type 1, GCD type 2 (Avellino corneal dystrophy), GCD type 3 (Reis‐Bücklers corneal dystrophy) as well variants of lattice corneal dystrophy type 1 and Thiel‐Benhke corneal dystrophy. Investigations of these inherited corneal diseases throughout the world strongly suggest that specific mutations in the TGFBI gene account for the specific phenotypes and that the corneal opacities that account for the clinical features of the different phenotypes result from the deposition of all or part of the mutated encoded protein. To date the mutated protein is only known to accumulate in the cornea eventhough the TGFBI is widely expressed throughout the body in experimental animals. This presentation will provide an overview of the TGFBI corneal dystrophies and offer a hypothesis to explain the different phenotypes caused by different mutations in TGFBI.
Internal limiting membrane staining
Authors: KATSIMPRIS J 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To describe the different modalities of internal limiting membrane (ILM) staining for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Methods Search of the MEDLINE database by using Medical Subject Heading search terms and key words related to ILM staining, macular hole surgery. Results ILM removal has been closely related with increased closure rates. However, because of poor ILM visibility the surgical removal of ILM is very difficult and poses serious complications. To obtain better visibility of ILM some special techniques have been developed using specific dyes such as, trypan blue (TB), indocyanine green (ICG), infracyanine green or triamsinolone acetonide(TA). Anatomic success rates with one surgery have increased (>90%) however, concern for toxicity has emerged. Patients with ICG‐assisted ILM peeling appear to have a depressed recovery of visual acuity compared to those not using ICG. Concentrations of ICG that are <0.5 mg/mL have been shown to be non‐toxic in cultures of RPE cells. Infracyanine green is a similar molecule that does not contain iodine and is less likely to induce osmolarity related toxic effects on the PRE cells when compared to ICG. It has been used also for ILM staining in combination with trypan(TB). TB is a second generation vital dye that stains epiretinal membranes (ERMs) directly and ILM to a lesser extent. Thus TB is useful for both macular hole and macular pucker surgery. TA may be also used to help highlight the ILM, although it is not a dye. It does adhere to the posterior hyaloid, making the detection of ILM easier. Conclusion This review largely reflects the great advent of different techniques for ILM staining. The use of ICG is more toxic when compared with TB. For TA long‐term effects have not been well studied.
Electrophysiology
Authors: HOLDER GE 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose To describe the diagnostic electrophysiological features associated with disorders that may present with positive phenomena. Methods Standardised electrophysiological testing, performed to incorporate and exceed the Standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. Results Illustrative cases will be used to demonstrate diagnostic electrophysiological features in a variety of disorders. Conclusion The objective functional data provided by electrophysiological testing are of considerable importance to the diagnosis and management of these conditions.