bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐1 deficiency in combination with macrophage depletion increases susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia
Authors: Horino Tetsuya , Matsumoto Tetsuya , Ishikawa Hiroki , Kimura Soichiro , Uramatsu Masashi , Tanabe Masaaki , Tateda Kazuhiro , Miyazaki Shuichi , Aramaki Yukihiko , Iwakura Yoichiro , Yoshida Masaki , Onodera Shoichi , Yamaguchi Keizo 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the role of IL‐1 during Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia by intravenously injecting P. aeruginosa strain D4 into IL‐1‐deficient and WT mice. The two strains showed equivalent mortality rates. However, when the mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, bacteremia‐induced mortality was significantly greater in the IL‐1‐deficient mice than in the WT mice (P < 0.01). We then investigated the role of neutrophils and macrophages in protecting IL‐1‐deficient mice from bacteremia by administering anti‐Gr‐1 antibody or liposomes containing dichloromethylene diphosphonate, respectively. After P. aeruginosa inoculation survival was significantly lower in the macrophage‐depleted IL‐1‐deficient mice than in the WT mice. In contrast, neutrophil depletion did not have this effect. Compared to the macrophage‐depleted WT mice, the macrophage‐depleted IL‐1‐deficient bacteremic mice had higher bacterial counts in various organs 48 and 72 hr post‐infection. They also had lower TNF‐α, IL‐6, and INF‐γ concentrations in their livers during the early phase of sepsis. Thus, IL‐1 deficiency becomes disadvantageous during P. aeruginosa bacteremia when it is accompanied by immunosuppression, particularly when macrophage functions are seriously impaired.
Analysis of herpesvirus host specificity determinants using herpesvirus genomes as bacterial artificial chromosomes
Authors: Arii Jun , Kato Kentaro , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Tohya Yukinobu , Akashi Hiroomi 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTAlmost all mammalian alphaherpesviruses can grow in cells derived from several types of animals in vitro. However, FHV‐1 can only infect feline cell lines. For this reason, FHV‐1 should be a good model to investigate species barriers to herpesviruses in vivo. To apply bacterial mutagenesis of FHV‐1, we cloned the FHV‐1 genome as a BAC. Using λ and flp recombinations, we introduced a monomeric red fluorescence protein into the C‐terminus of glycoprotein D. Although GFP in the constructed recombinant FHV‐1, a transfectant of the bacmid of FHV‐1 that possessed the GFP, acted in non‐feline cell lines, the virus could not enter non‐feline cell lines, demonstrating that the host specificity of FHV‐1 was restricted in an early step of infection. The host range of canine herpesvirus is limited to dogs in vitro and in vivo; it cannot enter non‐canine cell lines as a result of infection but the GFP is active by transfection, revealing the same result that the restriction step is at an early stage of infection. These results suggest the possibility of breaking species barriers of FHV‐1 and CHV by modifying the gene(s) that act at the early stage of infection.
Characteristics of dengue virus‐infected peripheral blood mononuclear cell death that correlates with the severity of illness
Authors: Jaiyen Yanin , Masrinoul Promsin , Kalayanarooj Siripen , Pulmanausahakul Rojjanaporn , Ubol Sukathida 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe pathogenic mechanism of the severe form of dengue is complicated. Recent reports indicate that apoptotic death of various tissues or organs may be associated with vascular leakage, and ultimately leads to the death of DENV‐infected patients. In the present study, we provide additional evidence supporting the detrimental role of apoptosis in DENV infection. A comparison of the rate of apoptosis in PBMCs isolated from patients suffering DF, a mild form of the disease, and the rate in patients with DHF, a life‐threatening disease, revealed that PBMCs from DHF patients underwent apoptosis at a significantly higher rate than those suffering from DF alone. This suggests that the severity of natural DENV infection correlates with PBMC apoptosis. In addition, this cell death was induced not only by DENV itself, but also by the apoptotic activities of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF‐α, and IL‐1β, that were upregulated in DHF patients. The death of these mononuclear cells that function in an innate immune system may explain the higher viral load in DHF patients than in DF patients. Interestingly, a gene expression profile pattern elucidated that apoptosis occurring during natural DENV infection involved mainly the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, which is mediated via both caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent mechanisms. In conclusion, our data highlight the adverse effect of apoptosis induced by DENV and by pro‐inflammatory cytokines during natural DENV infection.
A proposal for standardization in forensic bovine DNA typing: allele nomenclature of 16 cattle‐specific short tandem repeat loci
Authors: Van De Goor L. H. P. , Panneman H. , Van Haeringen W. A. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIn this study, a proposal is presented for the allele nomenclature of 16 polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci (BM1824, BM2113, ETH10, ETH225, INRA023, SPS115, TGLA122, TGLA126, TGLA227, ETH3, TGLA53, BM1818, CSRM60, CSSM66, HAUT27 and ILSTS006) for bovine genotyping (Bos taurus). The nomenclature is based on sequence data of the polymorphic region(s) of the STR loci as recommended by the DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics for human DNA typing. To cover commonly and rarely occurring alleles, a selection of animals homozygous for the alleles at these STR loci were analysed and subjected to sequence studies. The alleles of the STR loci consisted either of simple or compound dinucleotide repeat patterns. Only a limited number of alleles with the same fragment size showed different repeat structures. The allele designation described here was based on the number of repeats including all variable regions within the amplified fragment. The set of 16 STR markers should be propagated for the use in all bovine applications including forensic analysis.
Number needed to treat and number needed to harm are not the best way to report and assess the results of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Hutton Jane L. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe inverse of the difference between rates, called the ‘number needed to treat’ (NNT), was suggested 20 years ago as a good way to present the results of comparisons of success or failure under different therapies. Such comparisons usually arise in randomised controlled trials and meta‐analysis. This article reviews the claims made about this statistic, and the problems associated with it. Methods that have been proposed for confidence intervals are evaluated, and shown to be erroneous. We suggest that giving the baseline risk, and the difference in success or event rates, the ‘absolute risk reduction’, is preferable to the number needed to treat, for both theoretical and practical reasons.
High extracellular induced sputum haem oxygenase‐1 in sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease
Authors: Kokturk N. , Sabag M. , Stark M. , Grief J. , Fireman E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground  Sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease (CBD) are inflammatory conditions in which oxidative stress state may be crucial for disease outcome. This study compares haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) extracellular activity for the first time in patients with sarcoidosis or CBD and in healthy controls.Materials and methods  Induced sputum was recovered using a standard protocol. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed by conventional methods. T lymphocyte subsets (CD4 and CD8) were measured by flow activated cell shorter (FACS). The HO‐1 and nitrite levels were measured by a bilirubin‐biliverdin reductase‐dependant reaction and Greiss reaction respectively. Ferritin and iron levels were measured by enzymatic reaction and chemiluminometric immunoassay respectively.Results  The mean percentage of lymphocytes was significantly higher in the 36 sarcoid patients compared with that in the 17 controls (P = 0·001). The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher in the sarcoid and the 10 CBD patients compared to that in controls (P = 0·000 and 0·002 respectively), as was the mean HO‐1 activity (P = 0·045 and 0·041 respectively). The HO‐1 activity did not differ with the sarcoidosis stage. The HO‐1 level and PFT parameters were negatively correlated. The differences in mean nitrite, ferritin and iron levels were non‐significant between the three groups. The HO‐1 and ferritin levels were correlated (P = 0·008).Conclusions  We succeeded in non‐invasively measuring the activity of HO‐1 from cells of airways in spite of its being an intracellular enzyme. The HO‐1 levels in sarcoidosis and CBD were abnormally elevated.
Innate immune receptors on neutrophils and their role in chronic lung disease
Authors: Koller B. , Bals R. , Roos D. , Korting H. C. , Griese M. , Hartl D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNeutrophils, the prototypic cells of the innate immune system, are recruited to infected sites to protect the human body from invading pathogens. To accomplish this function, neutrophils sense pathogens and endogenous damage‐associated molecules via innate immune receptors, such as Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors. This defence function is essential for the pulmonary microenvironment where the host is faced with millions of particles and pathogens inhaled daily. Chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are characterized by a neutrophil accumulation and chronic bacterial colonization of the airways. Consequently, insights into the role of TLRs on neutrophils in chronic lung diseases are of high relevance for further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here we summarize and discuss recent advances in the expression, regulation and functional role of TLRs on neutrophils in chronic lung diseases.
Euler homogeneity equation along ridges for a rapid estimation of potential field source properties
Authors: Quarta Tatiana Anna Maria 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe Euler deconvolution is the most popular technique used to interpret potential field data in terms of simple sources characterized by the value of the degree of homogeneity. A more recent technique, the continuous wavelet transform, allows the same kind of interpretation. The Euler deconvolution is usually applied to data at a constant level while the continuous wavelet transform is usually applied to the points belonging to lines (ridges) connecting the m‐order partial derivative modulus maxima of the upward‐continued field at different altitudes in the harmonic region. In this paper a new method is proposed that unifies the two techniques. The method consists of the application of Euler's equation to the ridges so that the equation assumes a reduced form. Along each ridge the ratio among the m‐order partial derivative of the field and its vertical partial derivative, for isolated source model, is a straight line whose slope and intercept allows the estimation of the source depth and degree of homogeneity. The method, strictly valid for single source model, has also been applied to the multisource case, where the presence of the interference among the field generated by each single source causes the path of the ratio to be no longer straight. The method in this case gives approximate solutions that are good estimations of the source depth and its degree of homogeneity only for a restricted range of altitudes, where the ratio is approximately linear and the source behaves as if it were isolated.
Ex‐vivo area‐metric analysis of root canal obturation using gutta‐percha cones of different taper
Authors: Romania C. , Beltes P. , Boutsioukis C. , Dandakis C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate the percentage of gutta‐percha and sealer‐filled canal area when four different types of master gutta‐percha cones were used.Methodology  Sixty mandibular premolars with straight canals were instrumented using System ProTaper rotary instruments with a crown‐down technique and assigned to four groups. Canals were obturated with AH‐26 sealer either using lateral condensation and 0.02 taper gutta‐percha cones (group A), 0.04 taper gutta‐percha cones (group B), nonstandardized F‐ medium (group C) master gutta‐percha cones, or a single System ProTaper gutta‐percha cone (group D). The percentage of gutta‐percha and sealer‐filled area was calculated in horizontal sections of the apical portion of each canal, using image analysis software. The data was statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis test.Results  The distribution of filling materials amongst groups was not significantly different at each level of sectioning (P > 0.05).Conclusion  The percentage of gutta‐percha and sealer‐filled canal area was similar when canals were filled with different master cones using lateral condensation or single cone techniques.
pH of pus collected from periapical abscesses
Authors: Nekoofar M. H. , Namazikhah M. S. , Sheykhrezae M. S. , Mohammadi M. M. , Kazemi A. , Aseeley Z. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim  To determine the pH of pus collected from periapical abscesses.Methodology  Forty patients (Male = 17/Female = 23) between the ages 17 and 37 years, each with a periapical abscess and with no relevant medical history, were recruited. All the participants had moderate‐to‐severe pain on percussion accompanied by localized or generalized swelling. At least 1 mL of pus was aspirated from each participant using a No 20 gauge needle. A pH meter was used to define the pH of the pus immediately following aspiration.Result  The mean pH of pus from the periapical abscesses of patients was 6.68 ± 0.324 with a range between 6.0 and 7.3. There was no statistically significant difference in pH by gender or age.Conclusion  The mean pH of pus from periapical abscesses was generally acidic, but some samples (two female and three male) were neutral and some samples (four female and one male) were alkaline.
Utilization of brewer’s spent grain in the production of Frankfurters
Authors: Özvural Emin Burçin , Vural Halil , Gökbulut İncilay , Özboy‐Özbaş Özen 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe effects of dried and ground brewer’s spent grain (BSG) on dietary fibre content and some quality characteristics of beef Frankfurters were investigated. BSG preparations of fine (<212 μm), medium (212–425 μm) and coarse (425–850 μm) particle sizes were used in the production of Frankfurters. The total dietary fibre (TDF) content of the Frankfurters supplemented with BSG of different particle sizes increased significantly (P < 0.05) as the level of addition was increased. The mean TBA (2‐thiobarbituric acid), colour and texture values except springiness had significant differences (P < 0.05) among the treatments. The overall acceptability scores for the control and the Frankfurters with BSG were 7.57 and 5.47–7.02 on a nine‐point scale, respectively. Cluster analysis was also carried out to divide the measured parameters into clusters according to their similarities and to find out the correlations among them. It can be concluded that BSG can be added to Frankfurters to increase their fibre content without deleteriously affecting their sensory parameters.
Short‐chain fructooligosaccharides as potential functional ingredient in dry fermented sausages with different fat levels
Authors: Salazar Pilar , García Maria Luisa , Selgas Maria Dolores 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe effects of short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (sc‐FOS) on colour, textural and sensory properties in dry fermented sausages have been studied. The sausages were manufactured with three different amounts of backfat (30%, 15% and 6%). The sc‐FOS was incorporated in a sufficient amount to constitute 2%, 4% and 6% of the initial mixture. Physico‐chemical parameters and microbiota evolution during ripening were not affected by the presence of this fibre. Colour parameters, especially lightness, decreased as the amount of sc‐FOS incorporated increased. However, the presence of sc‐FOS reduced hardness making the sausage easier to chew. Although all batches were well evaluated by the panellists, the higher acceptability was reported in batches with an intermediate fat level (15% of backfat). The results indicated that fibre could be suitable for use in the manufacture of dry fermented sausages
Canning of vegetable soybean: procedures and quality evaluations
Authors: Mozzoni Leandro A. , Morawicki Rubén O. , Chen Pengyin 
Published: April 2009

SummarySome aspects of the preservation process of vegetable soybean are discussed in this paper. Factors, like the effects of blanching duration, and brine composition, were discussed in relation with the quality attributes of the product including enzyme activity, texture and colour. It was observed that the concentration of CaCl2 influenced the texture and luminosity (L), while the pH affected luminosity (L) and green colour (–a/b) of the processed product. Furthermore, blanching for 90 s before heat‐processing was effective to inactivate 99% of the initial lipoxygenase activity. It was found that a brine containing 150 g L−1 NaCl and 2.9 g L−1 CaCl2, at pH 6.5 that was thermally treated for 9 min generated a lethality of 4 min that is enough to produce a 12‐log reduction required for low acid foods and at the same time retaining desirable colour and texture.
Chemical composition and inhibitory effect of essential oil and organic extracts of Cestrum nocturnum L. on food‐borne pathogens
Authors: Al‐Reza Sharif M. , Rahman Atiqur , Kang Sun Chul 
Published: April 2009

SummaryIn this study, we examined the chemical compositions of essential oil and tested the efficacy of oil and organic extracts of Cestrum nocturnum L. against food‐borne pathogens. The chemical compositions of the oil was analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Forty‐seven compounds representing 93.28% of the total oil were identified. The oil [5 μL of 1:5 (v/v) dilution of oil with methanol] and organic extracts of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol (300 μg per disc) of C. nocturnum displayed a great potential of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538 and KCTC 1916), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19166 and ATCC 15313), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 2004, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 2515 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Also the oil had strong detrimental effect on the viable count of the tested bacteria. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antimicrobial agents with potential applications in food industries as natural preservatives to control food‐borne pathogens.
Effectiveness of active and modified atmosphere packaging on shelf life extension of a cheese tart
Authors: Sanguinetti Anna Maria , Secchi Nicola , Del Caro Alessandra , Stara Giuseppe , Roggio Tonina , Piga Antonio 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThis study evaluated the shelf life extension of a cheese cake subjected to modified atmosphere (MAP) and active packaging (AP). Cheese cakes were packaged under different N2/CO2 ratios (70/30 and 20/80) (MAP batches), by placing a sachet of an iron oxide‐based oxygen absorber inside trays (AP batch) and with air (air batch). Changes in microbial growth, in‐package gas composition, chemical–physical parameters including texture and sensory attributes were monitored for 48 days at 20 °C. AP allowed a mould‐free cheese cake shelf life of 48 days, MAP extended the shelf life of samples packaged under 30% and 80% CO2 up to 14 and 34 days, respectively, whereas tarts stored with air spoiled after 7 days. MAP resulted in a significant increase in hardness after 14 days of storage, whereas AP tarts recovered the initial texture after 48 days. Panellists judged AP tarts over the acceptability threshold during the whole shelf life of cheese tarts.
Degradation kinetics of tomato juice quality parameters by ozonation
Authors: Tiwari Brijesh K. , O’ Donnell Colm P. , Brunton Nigel P. , Cullen Patrick J. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryTomato juice samples were ozonated with control variables of ozone concentration (1.6–7.8 %w/w) and treatment time (0–10 min). Effects of ozone processing variables on quality parameters of pH, oBrix, titratable acidity (TA), cloud value, non‐enzymatic browning, colour values (L*, a*, and b*) and ascorbic acid (AA) content were determined. No significant changes (P > 0.05) in pH, oBrix, TA, cloud value and Non enzymatic browning (NEB) (P ≤ 0.05) were found with ozonation. L*, a* and b* colour values were significantly affected by ozone concentration and treatment time. A significant reduction of AA (96 %) was observed at an ozone concentration of 7.8%w/w and a treatment time of 10 min. Results presented in this study indicate that visual colour and nutritional quality is significantly affected during ozone processing. Thus, the effects of ozonation on the nutritional properties of tomato juice should be considered by processors prior to its adoption as a preservation technique.
Potential formation of ethyl carbamate in simulated wine inoculated with Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Romero Silvana V. , Reguant Cristina , Bordons Albert , Masqué M. Carme 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe production of ethyl carbamate (EC) and its precursor citrulline by two strains of Oenococcus oeni and one of Lactobacillus plantarum during malolactic fermentation (MLF) was studied in different conditions of pH, temperature, and ethanol and l‐malic acid concentrations. The potential EC, defined as the concentration of EC after wine is heated at 80 °C for 48 h, was also investigated. The O. oeni strains were able to degrade arginine in the conditions studied and to excrete some citrulline. In these strains, the conditions that led to a slight increase in EC were a high ethanol concentration, low pH and a high l‐malic acid concentration. However, the potential EC increased with higher pH. In the case of L. plantarum, arginine was not degraded and citrulline was not produced, although the potential EC was comparable with that of the O. oeni strains studied.
Flow behaviour of inulin‐enriched dairy desserts: influence of inulin average chain length
Authors: González‐Tomás Luis , Bayarri Sara , Coll‐Marqués José , Costell Elvira 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe effect of the addition of different types of inulin (long‐chain, native and short‐chain inulin) at four concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% w/w) on flow properties of semisolid dairy desserts formulated with either skimmed or whole milk and three modified tapioca starch concentrations (2.5, 3.25 and 4% w/w) was studied. All samples displayed shear‐thinning flow behaviour. The addition of the three types of inulin to whole milk samples with low starch concentrations (2.5 and 3.25% w/w) led to combined hysteresis loops: samples showed antithixotropy at low shear rate values, but thixotropy at high shear rate values. The remaining samples showed thixotropic behaviour. The effect of the different types of inulin on the flow properties was not only highly dependent on the inulin concentration but also on milk type and starch concentration. On adding 7.5% of long‐chain inulin, which significantly increased consistency index values and significantly decreased flow index values in both types of milk and for all starch concentrations.