bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lattice location of nickel in diamond by RBS channelling and PIXE
Authors: Drumm Virginia S. , Alves Andrew D. C. , Orwa Julius O. , Jamieson David N. , McCallum Jeffrey C. , Prawer Steven , Ryan Chris C. G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractColour centres in diamond are important for potential applications in quantum information technology. Centres based on Ni have attractive properties but the structures are still not fully understood. One interesting colour centre is NIRIM‐2 which emits around 884 nm and is based on Ni preferentially incorporated into the <111> growth sector during high‐pressure high‐temperature diamond growth in the presence of a Ni catalyst. To help understand the structure of this colour centre a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) with ion channelling and particle induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) with 2 MeV H and He ions has been used to study the location of the Ni atoms in the diamond lattice. The Ni concentration, typically below 25 ppm, is well below the detection threshold for RBS, but the yield of characteristic Ni Kα X‐rays shows a decrease when the ion beam is channelled into the <111> growth sector of the diamond. This suggests a significant fraction of Ni is incorporated substitutionally in the diamond lattice. Correlation of Ni location in the diamond host with optical properties of Ni‐related centres in the same growth sector of the diamond offers the possibility of advancing our understanding of the structure of these important optical centres.
Electronic properties of stable decagonal quasicrystals
Authors: Zhang Dianlin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSelected topics of electronic properties of stable decagonal quasicrystals are reviewed. Phonon localization and enhanced electron–phonon interaction may play important roles in the transport properties of these materials. The electronic specific heat measurements support the picture that the Hume–Rothery instability is responsible for the formation of the phase. On the other hand, careful examination of the magnetoresistance on highly oriented quasicrystalline films does not support the applicability of the quantum interference effect to the phenomenon.
Grammar‐based test generation with YouGen
Authors: Hoffman Daniel Malcolm , Ly‐Gagnon David , Strooper Paul , Wang Hong‐Yi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGrammars are traditionally used to recognize or parse sentences in a language, but they can also be used to generate sentences. In grammar‐based test generation (GBTG), context‐free grammars are used to generate sentences that are interpreted as test cases. A generator reads a grammar G and generates L(G), the language accepted by the grammar. Often L(G) is so large that it is not practical to execute all of the generated cases. Therefore, GBTG tools support ‘tags’: extra‐grammatical annotations which restrict the generation. Since its introduction in the early 1970s, GBTG has become well established: proven on industrial projects and widely published in academic venues. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness, the tool support is uneven; some tools target specific domains, e.g. compiler testing, while others are proprietary. The tools can be difficult to use and the precise meaning of the tags are sometimes unclear. As a result, while many testing practitioners and researchers are aware of GBTG, few have detailed knowledge or experience. We present YouGen, a new GBTG tool supporting many of the tags provided by previous tools. In addition, YouGen incorporates covering‐array tags, which support a generalized form of pairwise testing. These tags add considerable power to GBTG tools and have been available only in limited form in previous GBTG tools. We provide semantics for the YouGen tags using parse trees and a new construct, generation trees. We illustrate YouGen with both simple examples and a number of industrial case studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of wake interaction between two wind turbines at various inflow conditions
Authors: Troldborg Niels , Larsen Gunner C. , Madsen Helge A. , Hansen Kurt S. , Sørensen Jens N. , Mikkelsen Robert 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of wake interaction between two wind turbines was analysed using the actuator line technique and full unsteady Navier–Stokes computations. Results are presented for varying mutual distances between the two turbines and both full wake and half wake situations were considered. Furthermore, simulations were carried out at different degrees of ambient turbulence intensity representing laminar, offshore and onshore conditions. From the simulations, the main characteristics of the interacting wakes were extracted including the averaged velocity and turbulence fields as well as the development of wake generated vortex structures. Moreover, the influence of the wake of the upstream turbine on the external aerodynamic loading on the blades of the downstream turbine was studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amelioration of hyperglycaemia and its associated complications by finger millet (Eleusine coracanaL.) seed coat matter in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Shobana Shanmugam , Harsha Mysore R. , Platel Kalpana , Srinivasan Krishnapura , Malleshi Nagappa G. 
Published: October 2010

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is extensively cultivated and consumed in India and Africa. The millet seed coat is a rich source of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds. The effect of feeding a diet containing 20 % finger millet seed coat matter (SCM) was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats maintained on the millet SCM diet (diabetic experimental (DE) group) for 6 weeks exhibited a lesser degree of fasting hyperglycaemia and partial reversal of abnormalities in serum albumin, urea and creatinine compared with the diabetic control (DC) group. The DE group of rats excreted comparatively lesser amounts of glucose, protein, urea and creatinine and was accompanied by improved body weights compared with their corresponding controls. Hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia associated with diabetes were also notably reversed in the DE group. Slit lamp examination of the eye lens revealed an immature subcapsular cataract with mild lenticular opacity in the DE group of rats compared to the mature cataract with significant lenticular opacity and corneal vascularisation in the DC group. Lower activity of lens aldose reductase, serum advanced glycation end products and blood glycosylated Hb levels were observed in the DE group. The millet SCM feeding showed pronounced ameliorating effects on kidney pathology as reflected by near normal glomerular and tubular structures and lower glomerular filtration rate compared with the shrunken glomerulus, tubular vacuolations in the DC group. Thus, the present animal study evidenced the hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolaemic, nephroprotective and anti-cataractogenic properties of finger millet SCM, suggesting its utility as a functional ingredient in diets for diabetics.
Repunit Lehmer numbers
Authors: Cilleruelo Javier , Luca Florian 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA Lehmer number is a composite positive integer n such that ϕ(n)|n − 1. In this paper, we show that given a positive integer g > 1 there are at most finitely many Lehmer numbers which are repunits in base g and they are all effectively computable. Our method is effective and we illustrate it by showing that there is no such Lehmer number when g ∈ [2, 1000].
Elementary operators and subhomogeneousC*-algebras
Authors: Gogić Ilja 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLetAbe aC*-algebra and let ΘAbe the canonical contraction form the Haagerup tensor product ofM(A) with itself to the space of completely bounded maps onA. In this paper we consider the following conditions onA: (a)Ais a finitely generated module over the centre ofM(A); (b) the image of ΘAis equal to the set E(A) of all elementary operators onA; and (c) the lengths of elementary operators onAare uniformly bounded. We show thatAsatisfies (a) if and only if it is a finite direct sum of unital homogeneousC*-algebras. We also show that if a separableAsatisfies (b) or (c), thenAis necessarily subhomogeneous and theC*-bundles corresponding to the homogeneous subquotients ofAmust be of finite type.
The Future of Ontario French
Authors: GRIMM RICK , NADASDI TERRY 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study is a Labovian sociolinguistic analysis of forms used to express the future tense in the spoken French of adolescents residing in Ontario, Canada. Two primary variants are examined: a) the periphrastic future (e.g.elle va partir); and b) the inflected future (e.g.elle partira). The general trend that emerges is that distribution rates of the periphrastic future are markedly higher than previous accounts of the variable and that many speakers are in fact categorical users of the periphrastic form in certain contexts. Note, too, that negation is not a strong predictor for all speakers with respect to the choice of the inflected future, a finding that is in strong contrast to previous analyses of the variable in Laurentian varieties of spoken French in Canada. After presenting the general results, we provide an in-depth analysis of the linguistic and social factors that condition variant use.
L'aspect de phase en français: le rôle des périphrases verbales
Authors: GOSSELIN LAURENT 
Published: October 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article porte sur les périphrases aspectuelles (commencer à, être en train de, etc.). On montre que si les grammaires divergent fortement à propos du statut lexical ou grammatical qu'il convient de leur accorder, il est néanmoins possible et pertinent de dissocier deux classes de périphrases, auxquelles on attribue un fonctionnement sémantique nettement différent. Les unes servent à construire un sous-procès, tandis que les autres indiquent un type de visée aspectuelle particulier. Cette analyse prend appui sur des études récentes (Kronning, François, Laca), qui montrent de façon indépendante, mais convergente, qu'il est nécessaire de dissocier deux classes de périphrases aspectuelles sur la base de leur comportement syntaxique.
Ultrasensitive Bioanalytical Imaging
Authors: Mirasoli Mara , Venturoli Simona , Guardigli Massimo , Dolci Luisa Stella , Simoni Patrizia , Musiani Monica , Roda Aldo 
Published: October 2010

Bio- and chemiluminescence imaging combines the high sensitivity of luminescence detection techniques with the possibility to localize and quantify signal emission down to the single-photon level, employing state-of-the art light imaging devices. These techniques have been employed for the development of sensitive analytical methods based on the evaluation of the spatial distribution of the photons emitted from the sample surface, both in macro- and microsamples.The use of imaging detection offers the possibility to exploit the analytical features of bio- and chemiluminescence for the rapid and precise analyte quantification in membrane-based assays and for the development of high-throughput methods in high-density microtiter plate formats.Furthermore, the high detectability of the bio- and chemiluminescent analytical signal also in small volumes makes it appropriate for miniaturized bioanalytical formats (e.g., microarrays, microfluidic devices) suitable for high-throughput screening assays and for point-of-care applications.Finally, bio- and chemiluminescence detection have also been employed for the sensitive localization and quantification of target analytes (metabolites, enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids) in tissue sections and single cells, also in multiplexed formats and for the monitoring of biomolecular interactions.
“In Vivo” Molecular Imaging
Authors: Kaijzel Eric L. , Snoeks Thomas J. A. , Que Ivo , Baiker Martin , Kok Peter , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P. , Löwik Clemens W. G. M. 
Published: October 2010

Whole body optical imaging (OI) refers to in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging. This technology is one of the most rapidly emerging to non-invasively follow molecular and cellular processes in small laboratory animals. Optical imaging modalities are based on very sensitive devices capable of detecting and quantifying bioluminescent or fluorescent light that is transmitted through tissues from internal sources. This imaging of very weak visible light is rendered possible by the use of cooled charged coupled device (CCCD) cameras, peltier-cooled detectors, micro-plate channel intensifiers and liquid-nitrogen-cooled detectors aimed at enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio by decreasing the background or amplifying the signal. The role of molecular imaging in pre-clinical research is continuously evolving. Particularly in small animal models in biomedical research, optical imaging technologies are frequently used to visualize normal as well as aberrant cellular processes at a molecular-genetic or cellular level of function.
This chapter will focus on the application of whole body bioluminescence molecular imaging strategies -either alone or in combination with CT- in different fields (e.g. to study non-invasive and real-time imaging of gene expression, tumor progression and metastasis, and response to therapeutic intervention).
Chemiluminescent and Bioluminescent Biosensors
Authors: Marquette Christophe A. , Blum Loïc J. 
Published: October 2010

The present chapter gives an overview of the chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions' applications in the field of biosensors. Both light emitting reactions are, in a first part, thoroughly described together with biosensors and immunosensors basic concepts.Then, analytical applications of these luminescent reactions are presented and commented. Particular attention is given to the experimental systems used (batch, flow, reaction triggering system) and the performances obtained (dynamic range, limit of detection). All over the chapter, electrochemiluminescence (as part of the chemiluminescent system) will be presented as a separated light emitting system since it has generated numbers of analytical applications and innovative experimental set ups.
Developing the Applicability Domain of In Silico Models: Relevance, Importance and Methods
Authors: Hewitt M. , Ellison C. M. 
Published: October 2010

The past two decades has seen the rapid growth in the development and utilisation of computational technologies to predict the toxicity of chemicals. Most notably, widespread pressure to both reduce and replace current animal testing regimes has led to in silico modelling becoming a widely utilised tool in toxicological screening. Unfortunately, given that computational models are open to misuse, there has been, and still is, significant reluctance to accept them for regulatory use. In an effort to combat this, the validation of both model and predictions is now at the forefront of research, with the concept of applicability domain being central to the validation process.
In this chapter the applicability domain concept is defined and numerous methods for its characterisation are detailed and explored with the aid of a case study example. These approaches are shown to span from relatively simple descriptor-based methods to more complex approaches based upon structural similarity or mechanism of action. Given the wealth of differing approaches available and the different information each method yields about the model, a stepwise scheme which considers numerous methods is recommended. With appreciation of model architecture and subsequent utilisation, this chapter shows that a robust and multifaceted applicability domain can be generated. Once defined, the applicability domain serves as a critical screening stage ensuring that a model is fit-for-purpose and predictions are made with maximal confidence.
Optimized data fusion for K-means Laplacian clustering
Authors: Yu Shi , Liu Xinhai , Tranchevent Léon-Charles , Glänzel Wolfgang , Suykens Johan A. K. , De Moor Bart , Moreau Yves 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMotivation: We propose a novel algorithm to combine multiple kernels and Laplacians for clustering analysis. The new algorithm is formulated on a Rayleigh quotient objective function and is solved as a bi-level alternating minimization procedure. Using the proposed algorithm, the coefficients of kernels and Laplacians can be optimized automatically.Results: Three variants of the algorithm are proposed. The performance is systematically validated on two real-life data fusion applications. The proposed Optimized Kernel Laplacian Clustering (OKLC) algorithms perform significantly better than other methods. Moreover, the coefficients of kernels and Laplacians optimized by OKLC show some correlation with the rank of performance of individual data source. Though in our evaluation the K values are predefined, in practical studies, the optimal cluster number can be consistently estimated from the eigenspectrum of the combined kernel Laplacian matrix.Availability: The MATLAB code of algorithms implemented in this paper is downloadable from http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~sistawww/bioi/syu/oklc.html.Contact: shiyu@uchicago.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neostigmine/Glycopyrrolate Administered after Recovery from Neuromuscular Block Increases Upper Airway Collapsibility by Decreasing Genioglossus Muscle Activity in Response to Negative Pharyngeal Pressure
Authors: Herbstreit Frank , Zigrahn Daniela , Ochterbeck Christof , Peters Jürgen , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: October 2010

Background
Reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., neostigmine) improves respiratory function. However, neostigmine may also impair muscle strength. We hypothesized that neostigmine administered after recovery of the train-of-four (TOF) ratio impairs upper airway integrity and genioglossus muscle function.

Methods
We measured, in 10 healthy male volunteers, epiglottic and nasal mask pressures, genioglossus electromyogram, air flow, respiratory timing, and changes in lung volume before, during (TOF ratio: 0.5), and after recovery of the TOF ratio to unity, and after administration of neostigmine 0.03 mg/kg IV (with glycopyrrolate 0.0075 mg/kg). Upper airway critical closing pressure (Pcrit) was calculated from flow-limited breaths during random pharyngeal negative pressure challenges.

Results
Pcrit increased significantly after administration of neostigmine/glycopyrrolate compared with both TOF recovery (mean ± SD, by 27 ± 21%; P = 0.02) and baseline (by 38 ± 17%; P = 0.002). In parallel, phasic genioglossus activity evoked by negative pharyngeal pressure decreased (by 37 ± 29%, P = 0.005) compared with recovery, almost to a level observed at a TOF ratio of 0.5. Lung volume, respiratory timing, tidal volume, and minute ventilation remained unchanged after neostigmine/glycopyrrolate injection.

Conclusion
Neostigmine/glycopyrrolate, when administered after recovery from neuromuscular block, increases upper airway collapsibility and impairs genioglossus muscle activation in response to negative pharyngeal pressure. Reversal with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may be undesirable in the absence of neuromuscular blockade.
Vitamin E biosynthesis: functional characterization of the monocot homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase
Authors: Yang Wenyu , Cahoon Rebecca E. , Hunter Sarah C. , Zhang Chunyu , Han Jixiang , Borgschulte Trissa , Cahoon Edgar B. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe biosynthesis of the tocotrienol and tocopherol forms of vitamin E is initiated by prenylation of homogentisate. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) is the prenyl donor for tocotrienol synthesis, whereas phytyl diphosphate (PDP) is the prenyl donor for tocopherol synthesis. We have previously shown that tocotrienol synthesis is initiated in monocot seeds by homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT). This enzyme is related to homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT), which catalyzes the prenylation step in tocopherol synthesis. Here we show that monocot HGGT is localized in the plastid and expressed primarily in seed endosperm. Despite the close structural relationship of monocot HGGT and HPT, these enzymes were found to have distinct substrate specificities. Barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Morex) HGGT expressed in insect cells was six times more active with GGDP than with PDP, whereas the Arabidopsis HPT was nine times more active with PDP than with GGDP. However, only small differences were detected in the apparent Km values of barley HGGT for GGDP and PDP. Consistent with its in vitro substrate properties, barley HGGT generated a mixture of tocotrienols and tocopherols when expressed in the vitamin E‐null vte2‐1 mutant lacking a functional HPT. Relative levels of tocotrienols and tocopherols produced in vte2‐1 differed between organs and growth stages, reflective of the composition of plastidic pools of GGDP and PDP. In addition, HGGT was able to functionally substitute for HPT to rescue vte2‐1‐associated phenotypes, including reduced seed viability and increased fatty acid oxidation of seed lipids. Overall, we show that monocot HGGT is biochemically distinct from HPT, but can replace HPT in important vitamin E‐related physiological processes.
Somatosensory amplification as a possible source of subjective symptoms behind modern health worries
Authors: KÖTELES FERENC , SZEMERSZKY RENÁTA , FREYLER ANETT , BÁRDOS GYÖRGY 
Published: October 2010

Köteles, F., Szemerszky, R., Freyler, A. & Bárdos, G. (2011). Somatosensory amplification as a possible source of subjective symptoms behind modern health worries. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 174–178.The theoretically hypothesized connection between modern health worries (MHWs) and somatosensory amplification (SSA), as well as the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the MHW scale were investigated in a cross‐sectional questionnaire study. A total of 163 university students (mean age = 21.3± 2.70 yrs; 44.2% male) and 145 patients (mean age = 49.4±17.51 yrs; 31.7% male) visiting their general practitioners (GPs) completed questionnaires assessing MHWs, SSA, subjective somatic symptoms (PHQ‐15), and trait anxiety (STAI‐T). The previously described four‐factor structure of the MHW scale was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In the linear regression analysis, participants’ age and SSA scores were positively related to MHWs even after controlling for gender, anxiety, and subjective somatic symptom scores. The conclusions are that: MHWs are indicators of cognitive, behavioral and social level of sensitization for health‐related concerns; SSA can provide the somatic background process for generation and/or misattribution of subjective somatic symptoms; better understanding of the cognitive‐emotional background of MHWs could help to determine possible interventions.