bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal risk factors and types of sport associated with drive for thinness and drive for muscularity in NextGen athletes
Authors: Maurin Juliette , Labossière Sophie , Pomerleau-Fontaine Lara , Boudreault Véronique , Brassard Sophie , Dion Jacinthe , Durand-Bush Natalie , Parent Sylvie , Soulard Amélie 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionProfessional and student-athletes are at risk of developing symptoms of eating disorders (ED), including drive for thinness and muscularity due to personal risk factors (e.g., low self-esteem) and sport-specific characteristics (e.g., sport requirements). However, limited studies have focused on ED symptoms among NextGen athletes (identified in Canada as élite or relève) who compete at the provincial, national, and international levels but are not yet part of national teams. As such, they have access to fewer financial resources and support from their sport federations, which can create additional stress for these athletes. The present study aimed to identify personal risk factors and types of sports associated with (a) drive for thinness and (b) drive for muscularity in NextGen athletes.MethodsThese athletes (n = 254) aged between 14 and 25 years old completed an online questionnaire. Perfectionism, self-esteem in sport, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity were, respectively, assessed by the Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport, the Sport State Self-Esteem Scale, the Eating Attitude Test-26, and the Drive for Muscularity Scale. Other personal risk factor (e.g., athletic status) were measured using in-house questions. Each personal risk factor was included in two multiple linear regressions, respectively, to determine which factors were most associated with drive for thinness and drive for muscularity.ResultsAnalyses revealed that perfectionist aspirations during training were linked to a stronger desire for thinness. In addition, not being in school or not having a job were also linked to a stronger desire for thinness. Several variables were found to be associated with a greater desire for muscularity: being a male athlete, playing team sport, weight category sport or endurance sport (as opposed to esthetic sport), having elite status, being less satisfied with one’s current sporting performance and having higher perfectionist aspirations during training.DiscussionThis study offers initial insights into the factors influencing EDs among NextGen athletes, which provides a foundation for deeper exploration and the creation or modification of targeted interventions. These findings can guide sport organizations in creating guidelines and programs to better support the next generation of national athletes (e.g., create programs to help athletes maintain investments outside).
Enfortumab vedotin–related cutaneous toxicity correlates with overall survival in patients with urothelial cancer: a retrospective experience
Authors: Vlachou Evangelia , Johnson Burles Avner , McConkey David , Jing Yuezhou , Matoso Andres , Hahn Noah M. , Hoffman-Censits Jean 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionEnfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody drug conjugate approved for advanced urothelial cancer, consisting of a monomethyl auristatin E payload linked to a human monoclonal antibody targeting nectin-4. No validated biomarker predictive of or correlated with response exists for EV. Cutaneous toxicity is among the most common EV-related toxicities and typically emerges in early cycles. This retrospective experience of patients with urothelial cancer treated with EV monotherapy evaluated whether EV-related cutaneous toxicity correlated with improved outcomes including progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival and overall response rate (ORR).Patients and methodsPatients treated with EV monotherapy at Johns Hopkins were identified, and baseline characteristics, treatment, and toxicity details were extracted through chart review. Univariable Cox hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for assessing the effect of baseline patient characteristics and cutaneous toxicity in PFS and OS. Based on the univariable analysis and known risk factors, all subsequent analyses were adjusted for: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, visceral metastases at baseline, gender as well as EV dose, and weight to account for dosing differences. Multivariable Cox proportional HRs were used for comparing PFS and OS between patients with and without cutaneous toxicity, assessing toxicity and EV dose as a time-dependent variables. Adjusted p-values were calculated to compare ORR and disease control rate (DCR) between groups using the Poisson regression model.ResultsOf the 78 patients analyzed, 42 (53.8%) experienced EV-related cutaneous toxicity that appeared early during treatment (median time to occurrence 0.5 months from EV initiation). Cutaneous toxicity correlated with significantly improved OS [HR, 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25, 0.9; P = 0.0235], ORR (68.3% vs. 20.7%, P = 0.0033) and DCR (82.9% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.0122). Median PFS was numerically longer in the cutaneous toxicity group (6.3 vs. 1.7 months), although no significance was achieved in the multivariable analysis (HR, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.108; P = 0.0925).ConclusionIn this retrospective study, EV-related cutaneous toxicity was associated with improved patient outcomes. Confirming this observation and understanding its mechanism could lead to discovery of a new clinical biomarker of EV response that can emerge in the first cycle.
A phase I, randomized study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of mefunidone in healthy subjects
Authors: Han Mai , Huo Bishan , Hu Gaoyun , Zhang Xin , Cui Gang , Wu Wei , Mi Na , Zhang Shixi , Jin Jiangli , Lu Xing , Wu Bidong , Xiao Chunyan , Wang Jing , Bian Zheng , Li Jintong 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundMefunidone is a novel synthetic compound and is better when compared to pirfenidone for the anti-fibrotic treatment of renal fibrosis in end-stage renal disease. We conducted this first-in-human, phase I clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) (including food effect) profiles of mefunidone administered orally as single and multiple ascending doses in healthy subjects.MethodsPart A assessed single ascending doses of mefunidone from 25 mg to 800 mg or placebo once daily in the fasting state. Part A also assessed the effect of food on tolerability and PK in the 100 mg cohort. Part B consisted of three treatment groups who received 100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg of mefunidone or placebo twice daily (BID, bis in die) on days 1–6 and once in the morning on day 7.ResultsSingle oral doses of mefunidone up to 800 mg and multiple doses of mefunidone up to 400 mg BID were all well-tolerated. Mefunidone behaved with ideal dose proportionality within the single-dose range of 50 mg–600 mg and the multiple-dose range of 100 mg BID to 400 mg BID by day 7. High-fat fed conditions led to a delay in Tmax by approximately 1 h and a slight reduction of approximately 20% in Cmax compared to that in fasting conditions, but it did not significantly affect systemic exposure.ConclusionMefunidone exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles. The present study informed and supported further developmental clinical studies of mefunidone.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier CXHL1900206
Prompt gamma energy integration: a new method for online-range verification in proton therapy with pulsed-beams
Authors: Everaere Pierre , Dauvergne Denis , Gallin-Martel Marie-Laure , Hérault Joël , Koudia Ayoub , Koumeir Charbel , Létang Jean Michel , Testa Étienne 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: We propose a method for prompt-gamma verification of proton range during particle therapy, called Prompt-Gamma Energy Integration (PGEI).Method: This method is based on the measurement of the total energy deposited in a set of detectors located around a patient. It is particularly suited in the case of high-instantaneous beam intensities, like for pulsed beams extracted from a synchro-cyclotron. GATE simuations were used to evaluate the sensitivity, and dedicated scintillators were tested as a function of beam intensity.Results and discussion: Simulations show that millimetric range shifts can be measured at a beam-spot scale. The sensitivity is slightly degraded as compared to the Prompt-Gamma Peak Integration Method, for which Time-of-Flight can be employed to reduce the background in single-photon detection conditions at cyclotron accelerators. Experimentally, lead tungstate scintillators have shown to cope with the high instantaneous gamma count rates for PGEI at synchro-cyclotrons.
Gestational intermittent hypoxia reduces mandibular growth with decreased Sox9 expression and increased Hif1a expression in male offspring rats
Authors: Suzuki Takumi , Hosomichi Jun , Maeda Hideyuki , Ishida Yuji , Usumi-Fujita Risa , Moro Manaka , Jariyatheerawong Korkuan , Ono Takashi 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionMaternal obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is the risk factor for impaired fetal growth with low birth weight in the offspring. However, it is unclear whether gestational intermittent hypoxia (IH, a hallmark of maternal OSA) has long-term detrimental consequences on the skeletal development of offspring. This study aimed to investigate postnatal maxillofacial bone growth and cartilage metabolism in male and female offspring that were exposed to gestational IH.MethodsMother rats underwent IH at 20 cycles/h (nadir, 4% O2; peak, 21% O2; 0% CO2) for 8 h per day during gestational days (GD) 7–20, and their male and female offspring were analyzed postnatally at 5 and 10 weeks of age. All male and female offspring were born and raised under normoxic conditions.ResultsThere was no significant difference in whole-body weight and tibial length between the IH male/female offspring and their control counterparts. In contrast, the mandibular condylar length was significantly shorter in the IH male offspring than in the control male offspring at 5 and 10 weeks of age, while there was no significant difference in the female offspring. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that gestational IH significantly downregulated the mRNA level of SOX9 (a chondrogenesis marker) and upregulated the mRNA level of HIF-1α (a hypoxia-inducible factor marker) in the mandibular condylar cartilage of male offspring, but not in female offspring.ConclusionGestational IH induced underdeveloped mandibular ramus/condyles and reduced mRNA expression of SOX9, while enhancing mRNA expression of HIF-1α in a sex-dependent manner.
Automatic classification of fetal heart rate based on a multi-scale LSTM network
Authors: Rao Lin , Lu Jia , Wu Hai-Rong , Zhao Shu , Lu Bang-Chun , Li Hong 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionFetal heart rate monitoring during labor can aid healthcare professionals in identifying alterations in the heart rate pattern. However, discrepancies in guidelines and obstetrician expertise present challenges in interpreting fetal heart rate, including failure to acknowledge findings or misinterpretation. Artificial intelligence has the potential to support obstetricians in diagnosing abnormal fetal heart rates.MethodsEmploy preprocessing techniques to mitigate the effects of missing signals and artifacts on the model, utilize data augmentation methods to address data imbalance. Introduce a multi-scale long short-term memory neural network trained with a variety of time-scale data for automatically classifying fetal heart rate. Carried out experimental on both single and multi-scale models.ResultsThe results indicate that multi-scale LSTM models outperform regular LSTM models in various performance metrics. Specifically, in the single models tested, the model with a sampling rate of 10 exhibited the highest classification accuracy. The model achieves an accuracy of 85.73%, a specificity of 85.32%, and a precision of 85.53% on CTU-UHB dataset. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating curve of 0.918 suggests that our model demonstrates a high level of credibility.DiscussionCompared to previous research, our methodology exhibits superior performance across various evaluation metrics. By incorporating alternative sampling rates into the model, we observed improvements in all performance indicators, including ACC (85.73% vs. 83.28%), SP (85.32% vs. 82.47%), PR (85.53% vs. 82.84%), recall (86.13% vs. 84.09%), F1-score (85.79% vs. 83.42%), and AUC(0.9180 vs. 0.8667). The limitations of this research include the limited consideration of pregnant women’s clinical characteristics and disregard the potential impact of varying gestational weeks.
Effects of gold and copper mining on the structure and diversity of the surrounding plant communities in Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Yue , Bai Xueyuan , Sheng Lianxi , Zhang Houling , Chen Faping , Xiao Yujun , Liu Wenze , Zhai Yuquan 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionNortheast China Tiger and Leopard National Park is home to the largest and only breeding family of wild tigers and leopards in China. The mining of open-pit gold and copper mines in the core zone might affect the surrounding forest ecosystem and the survival activities of wild tigers and leopards.MethodsIn order to understand the impacts of gold and copper mining on the structure and diversities of the surrounding plant communities, the vegetation of the forest layer, shrub layer and herb layer of the forest community in the original forest area, mining area, tailings area and restoration area of the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park were investigated, and the influence of plant community structure on species diversity was also evaluated.ResultsThis study concluded that there are 25 species belonging to 11 families, 16 genera of trees, 43 species belonging to 22 families, 35 genera of shrubs, and 57 species belonging to 23 families, 46 genera of herb in the sampling sites. There were no significant differences in the community structure characteristics and species diversities of the tree layer and the shrub layer in different operational areas. However, in herb layer, the heights, the coverage and the species diversity index were higher in the restoration area. Additionally, the community structure was one of the major factors that influence the diversity indices, which might be an important way for mining to impact plant diversity.DiscussionTherefore, mining had some impacts on the structure and diversity of the surrounding plant communities, but the impacts did not reach a significant level. These results could provide scientific support for the management of the forest ecosystems around the mining area of Northeast Tiger and Leopard Park.
Effects of spatial accessibility of community health services on the activities of daily living among older adults in China: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Li Yuee , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe Chinese government proposes to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, and attaches great importance to community health services. Under the background of population aging and the increase of older adults with disability, this study aimed to analyze the effect of spatial accessibility of community health services on the activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults in China.MethodsA research sample of 7,922 older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data in 2018 was adopted. There were 2,806 participants in the treatment group and 5,116 participants in the control group. The propensity score matching method was adopted to match the treatment and control groups to calculate the values of average treatment effects on treated (ATT).ResultsThe results of kernel density matching method showed that the factual ADL score of the treatment group was 10.912, the counterfactual ADL score of the control group was 10.694, and the ATT value was 0.218 (p &lt; 0.01). The spatial accessibility of community health services could significantly improve the activities of daily living among older adults in China. Meanwhile, there was urban-rural heterogeneity in the impact of spatial accessibility of community health services on the activities of daily living of older adults in China. The effect value in urban samples (ATT = 0.371, p &lt; 0.01) was higher than that in rural samples (ATT = 0.180, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionSpatial accessibility of community health services could improve the activities of daily living among older adults in China. The Chinese government should take actions to improve the distribution of community health service resources.
The global burden of cataracts and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Tang Tong , Li Peiheng , Zhao Jing , Shen Bairong , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe global distribution and trends in the attributable burden of cataract risk have rarely been systematically explored. To guide the development of targeted and accurate cataract screening and treatment strategies, we analyzed the burden of cataract disease attributable to known risk factors.MethodThis study utilized detailed cataract data from the Global Burden of Disease e 2019, and we analyzed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) e each risk factor from 1990 to 2019. Additionally, we calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) during the study period.ResultsThe results revealed that from 1990−2019, the global age-standardized DALYs of e attributable to particulate matter pollution, smoking, high fasting glucose plasma and high BMI showed steady downward trends (1990−2009: EAPC = −0.21 [−0.57 −0.14]); 2000−2009: EAPC = −0.95 [−1.01 −0.89]; 2010−2019: EAPC = −1.41 [−1.8 −1.02]). The age-standardized DALYs and mortality caused by each risk factor were highest in the low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) region (EAPC = −1.77[(−2.19–−1.34)]). The overall disease burden of cataracts is lower in males than in females. When analyzing the EAPCs of cataract disease burden for each risk factor individually, we found that the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years caused by particulate matter pollution and smoking decreased (PMP1990-2009: EAPC = −0.53 [−0.9–−0.16]; 2000−2009: EAPC = −1.39 [−1.45--1.32]; 2010−2019: EAPC = −2.27 [−2.75–−1.79]; smoking 2000 to 2009: EAPC = −1.51 [−1.6–−1.43], 2009 to 2019: EAPC = −1.34 [−1.68–−1])), while high fasting plasma glucose and high body mass index increased annually (HFPG1990 to 1999: EAPC = 1.27 [0.89−1.65], 2000 to 2009: EAPC = 1.02 [0.82−1.22], 2010−2019: EAPC = 0.44 [0.19−0.68]; HBMI 1990 to 1999: EAPC = 1.65 [1.37−1.94], 2000 to 2009: EAPC = 1.56 [1.43−1.68], 2010−2019: EAPC = 1.47 [1.18−1.77]).DisscussionThe burden of cataracts caused by ambient particulate matter and smoking is increasing in low, low-middle SDI areas, and specific and effective measures are urgently needed. The results of this study suggest that reducing particulate matter pollution, quitting smoking, controlling blood glucose, and lowering BMI could play important roles in reducing the occurrence of cataracts, especially in older people.
Public awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding proper disposal of unused medicines and associated factors in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Addisu Afrassa , Genet Gebremariam , Workie Limenh Liknaw , Yohannes Lamrot , Mohammed Seid Abdulwase , Alemayehu Tekletsadik Tekleslassie , Ayenew Wondim , Simegn Wudneh 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundProper disposal of unwanted medicines, in addition to reducing wastage, has a positive impact on the environment and public health. Improper disposal of medications increases the risk of accidental poisonings, particularly among children. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness regarding the proper disposal of unused medicines in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia.MethodFrom 30 July to 30 August 2023, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the public in Gondar city. The data were gathered using the Kobo toolbox, exported into an Excel sheet, and then analyzed using SPSS version 27. Multivariate and bivariate binary logistic regressions were performed. A p-value of 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine statistical significance.ResultFrom 786 study participants, the overall knowledge and attitude of the community toward the proper disposal of unused medicines were 42.6 and 42.9%, respectively. Factors identified in this study included ages between 19 and 25 [AOR = 6.91, 95% CI: (3.45, 13.84); education level: secondary [AOR = 11.82, 95% CI: (1.01, 3.29)] and college and above [AOR = 5.68, 95% CI: (2.25, 14.30)]; prior information [AOR = 6.41; 95% CI: (4.02, 10.22)]; and good attitudes [AOR = 2.11; 95% CI: (1.47, 3.02)]] as factors associated with good knowledge toward proper disposal of unused medicines. In addition, receiving information [AOR = 1.86 95% CI: (1.22, 2.86)], taking medication in the past 6 months [AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: (1.09, 2.38)], and being knowledgeable [AOR = 2.07 95% CI: (1.46, 2.94)] were factors contributing to positive attitudes toward the disposal of unused medicines among the general public. Furthermore, approximately 369 participants (46.9%) in our study lacked awareness about the harmful effects of disposing of unused medicine in regular waste.ConclusionA relatively low level of knowledge and attitudes about the proper disposal of unused medications is present in the community. In this regard, a well-coordinated and methodical public awareness campaign is recommended to disseminate information and promote the appropriate disposal of unused medications.