bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of patterned laser trabeculoplasty: Pilot study
Authors: DENEYER J , POURJAVAN S , DETRY‐MOREL M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of Pascal Laser Trabeculoplasty (PLT) employing reduced energy levels in patients with OHT or POAG.Methods Prospective, pilot study including 12 patients with OHT or POAG. Pascal laser trabeculoplasty was performed on the inferior 180° of the treated eye after titrating the energy for each patient. The IOP was measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) on laser treatment day (D0), 1 week post laser (D7) and 1 month post laser (D30). Anova for repeated measurements was used for the statistical analysis.Results The mean IOP on D0 was 25.2 ± 1.4 mmHg (range: 22 to 28.4 mmHg), mean IOP on D7 was 23.1 ± 1.5 mmHg (range: 19.8 to 26.4 mmHg) and mean IOP on D30 was 20.6 ± 1.1 mmHg (range: 18 to 23.1 mmHg). There was no significant difference between the D0 IOP and D7 IOP (p= 0.43) but between D0 IOP and D30 IOP (p= 0.001)Conclusion Patterned laser trabeculoplasty causes significant IOP decrease after 1 month. In this pilot study The IOP drops by 20% after 1 month.
Follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region in Denmark
Authors: RASMUSSEN PK , RALFKIAER E , PRAUSE JU , SJÖ LD , HEEGAARD S 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To characterize the clinicopathological features of follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region.Methods The present nation‐based series of orbital and adnexal follicular lymphoma was collected between 1980 and 2009. Histological specimens were re‐evaluated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Clinical files from all patients with confirmed follicular lymphoma were collected.Results A total of 24 patients with follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region were identified. Fourteen of the patients were females. The patients had a median age of 63 years (range 42 to 96 years). Eighty‐eight percent of the patients had unilateral ocular adnexal region involvement, and the most frequently affected sites were: the conjunctiva (35%), the orbit (29%), and the lacrimal gland (21%). Fifteen patients (63%) presented with Stage I lymphoma. Three patients (12%) had Stage II, one patient (4%) had Stage III, and five patients (21%) presented with Stage IV lymphoma. Patients were treated with: radiotherapy (58%), chemotherapy (37%), and surgery alone (5%). Complete remission was observed in 79% of the patients. However, seven (37%) of these had a relapse, and were treated with local radiotherapy prior to setback. The 5‐year and 10‐year overall survival rate for the whole study group was 89% and 66%.Conclusion Follicular lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region is mainly prevalent in elderly patients. The conjunctiva is the most commonly affected location. The majority of patients present with Stage I/II lymphoma, and the overall prognosis is relatively good. However, relapse or disease progression is frequently seen in this patients group.
High resolution images of the tear film lipid layer: effect of the blink cycle
Authors: KING‐SMITH PE , BRAUN RJ , NICHOLS JJ , NICHOLS KK 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Deficiency of the lipid layer causes evaporative dry eye. We have therefore developed a high‐resolution microscope to investigate lipid layer structure and how it may relate to evaporation and the blink cycle.Methods The microscope images a 200 um diameter spot at the center of the cornea, with a resolution of about 1 um. Time after a blink is also recorded. Over 10,000 images of at least “fair” quality were recorded from 375 subjects including dry eyes and normals.Results 1. Within about 0.1 seconds after a blink, lipid layer reflectance was less than at later times, implying that lipid thickness was lower. In this early interval, cloud‐like patches of lipid were more often seen than at later times; they were surrounded by darker (thin) lipid. 2. Some structures in the lipid layer were very fluid, showing pronounced shape changes in a fraction of a second, whereas other structures were stable, with no evident change over several seconds.Conclusion 1. Immediately after a blink, the lipid layer tends to be thin and often has an unusual appearance. 2. At later times, some structures vary rapidly in shape, indicating that the lipid layer is fluid with a low viscosity. Other structures are stable, suggesting that the lipid layer can have a gel‐like structure.
Analysis of factors affecting the decrease of endothelial cell density of imported donor corneas
Authors: HOSIK H , MAN SOO K , EUN CHUL K , SEOK JOON K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the difference between corneal endothelial cell density at the moment of preservation and keratoplasty in imported donor corneas, and analyze the correlated factors of the difference.Methods Eighty‐seven corneas imported between March 2009 and February 2011 were evaluated. Corneal endothelial cell density at the moment of preservation was obtained from the medical record and was measured just before the keratoplasty.Results All of the corneas showed decrease of endothelial cell density. Mean endothelial cell density of imported donor corneas at the moment of preservation and keratoplasty was 2789±235 cells/mm2 and 2592±254 cells/mm2(p=<0.001). Mean endothelial cell loss was 197±148 cells/mm2, which was significantly correlated with preservation to surgery time, death to surgery time and preservation period more than 7 days(p=0.042, p=0.045, p=0.036 respectively).Conclusion Decrease of death to surgery time and keratoplasty before 7days of preservation period are needed for better surgical outcome.
A retrospective comparison of enhancement rate between low myopic astigmatism and high myopic astigmatism in patients treated with Femtosecond LASIK
Authors: CANADAS SUAREZ P , IGLESIAS M , GIMENEZ P , CANONES R , TEUS M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To analyze the retreatment rate between patients with low myopic astigmatism versus patients with high myopic astigmatism; all of them treated with Femtosecond Laser‐ Assisted Sub‐Bowman Keratomileusis ( FSBK ).Methods To analyze the retreatment rate between patients with low myopic astigmatism versus patients with high myopic astigmatism; all of them treated with Femtosecond Laser‐ Assisted Sub‐Bowman Keratomileusis ( FSBK ).Results The preoperative mean data were: Group I: Sphere was –3.98  2.09. Cylinder was –0.44  0.3 and best corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA ) was 1.15  0.1. Group II: Sphere was –3.66  2.54. Cylinder was –2.41  0.87 and BSCVA was 1.00  0.1. Three months after FSBK: The mean postoperative uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) remained slightly higher in group I ( 1.08  0.2 ) than in group II ( 0.88  0.2 ) with p  0.001. The mean sphere was + 0.02  0.4 in group I and + 0.11  0.5 in group II ( p  0.009 ), and the mean cylinder was statistically significant superior ( p  0.0001 ) in group II ( ‐0.55  0.6 ) than in group I ( ‐0.11  0.2 ). This is correlated with the retreatment rate found, which was 26.9% ( 110 eyes) in group II and 6.48% ( 28 eyes ) in group I ( p  0.0001 ).Conclusion In patients with primary myopic astigmatism treated with FSBK, we found an statistically significant higher rate of enhancements in eyes with high myopic astigmatism ( 26.9 % ) than in eyes with low myopic astigmatism ( 6.48 % ).
Strontium brachytherapy in conjunctival melanoma
Authors: MISSOTTEN G , DE KEIZER RJW , SPILEERS W , BLANK L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To describe the experience, the indications, the outcome, complications and prognosis of strontium brachytherapy in bulbar conjunctival melanoma.Methods 46 with conjunctival melanoma, treated with strontium brachytherapy in Leuven, Leiden or Amsterdam, were revised. Clinical indications, visual outcome, prognosis and complications were registered.Results In 38 patients 6x10 Gy was used, with 2 recurrences and 1 scleral melting. In 7 cases 6x5,9 Gy was used with 4 recurrences. In 3 cases a second strontium brachytherapy application was needed. Although there were in almost all cases transient dry eye symptoms, no major anterior segment problems were seen. With the exception of 1 scleral melting,in a patient where also a previous extended surgery was done with excision of sclera.Conclusion Strontium brachytherapy is a safe treatment for conjunctival melanomas, when a dosis of 60 Gy is used. It gives rarely complications.
Chromosomal alterations in iris melanoma
Authors: COUPLAND SE , BAUDO MM , LAKE SL , KALIRAI H , DAMATO BE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Melanomas arising in the iris (IM) are rare comprising about 5% of all uveal melanomas (UM). They are seldom lethal with only 2‐4% of IM associated with metastatic spread. The genetic pathogenesis of IM and its favourable outcome, compared with choroidal and ciliary body UMs, is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic changes associated with prognosis in choroidal/ciliary body UMs (i.e. monosomy 3 and polysomy 6p or 8q) are also indicative of prognosis in IM.Methods Changes in chromosome 1p, 3, 6 and 8 copy number were detected in seven IMs by Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification. Full clinical, histomorphological and survival information was available for each patient.Results There were five male and two female patients, whose age ranged from 32‐68 years (median 51 yrs). Three patients had received previous proton beam therapy. Two patients died due to metastatic melanoma; both tumours showed polysomy 8q, with one tumour also showing monosomy 3 and the other showing polysomy 6p. Time from diagnosis to metastatic death was longer for the patient with a polysomy 6p tumour (6 yrs) than for the monosomy 3 tumour (3 yrs). The remaining five patients demonstrated no consistent genetic alterations and were alive with no evidence of metastases at the time of analysis.Conclusion This study suggests that genetic changes in chromosomes 3, 6p and 8q, previously observed for choroidal/ciliary body UM, could also be associated with survival in IMs. Further high‐resolution studies with a larger cohort of IM are currently being performed to validate these data.
Are liver function tests relevant for early detection of liver metastasis of uveal melanoma?
Authors: MOURIAUX F , DIORIO C , BERGERON D , BERCHI C , ROUSSEAU A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The liver is the main target for screening for uveal melanoma metastasis, which could be achieved by liver function tests (LFTs). The aim of our study is to analyze the relevance of LFTs for detection of metastatic disease in term of prognostic value and cost evaluationMethods Patients (n=88, who developed metastasis while undergoing semi‐annual follow‐up with LFTs including aspartate‐aminotransferase (AST), alanine‐aminotransferase (ALT), gammagutamylransferase (γGT), lactodeshydrogenase (LDH), and phosphatase alkaline (PA) were included. For assessing the level of LFTs for metastasis only the one preceding screening LFTs before the diagnostic by imaging was recorded. Consecutive patients (n=174) with uveal melanoma were chosen as control from patients who did not develop metastasisResults We were able to detect metastasis after LFTs abnormality in 40 (45%) patients. However, at the time of the one preceding screening LFTs before the metastasis diagnosis, 51(58%) patients had at least one abnormal LFT. The metastasis diagnosis was missed in 11 patients (13%). The overall sensitivity of LFTs ranged from 12.5 to 58.0% and the predictive positive value ranged from 9.4 to 38.6%. Interestingly we observed false positives in 20.3% with the variable “at least one abnormal LFT”. Using financial approach, we calculated the semi‐annual screening by LFTs.Conclusion Using the most important retrospective series analyzing semi‐annually all LFTs, we demonstrate that LFTs screening (AST, ALT, γGT, LDH and PA) is not relevant for detection of early metastasis even if the over cost induced by imaging requested for false positive is low
Blood‐Ocular Barriers and Macular Edema
Authors: CUNHA‐VAZ J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe blood‐ocular barrier system is formed by two main barriers: the blood‐aqueous barrier (BAB) and the blood‐retinal barrier (BRB). Homeostasis in the retina microenvironment is maintained by the function of the BRB which regulates the movement of chemicals and cells between the intravascular compartment and the retina. The BRB consists of two major topographically distinct components: the endothelium of the retinal vessels (inner BRB) and the retinal pigment epithelium (outer BRB). The barrier function of the retinal vascular endothelium depends on its continuous epithelial‐like arrangement with the endothelial cells united by tight junctions, whereas the ability of the retinal pigment epithelium to regulate solute transport depends on the apical tight junctions between these cells. The tight junctions are membrane fusion areas between adjacent cells that serve as a diffusion barrier for paracellular transport and as a “molecular fence”, restricting the free movement of transmembrane proteins, and thus maintaining cell polarity and the asymmetric distribution of transmembrane proteins. Among the most important proteins that are associated with tight junctions are occludin, zonula occludens and claudins. Pathologic increase in blood retinal permeability can be caused by endothelial damage, tight junction disassembly, or cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Several methods have been developed to allow detection, quantification and monitoring of BRB breakdown in experimental and clinical settings. In humans, fluorescein angiography, vitreous fluorophotometry and OCT are the most commonly used. Alterations of the BRB play a crucial role in the development of retinal edema. Macular edema is the result of an accumulation of fluid in the retinal layers around the fovea, contributing to vision loss by altering the functional relationship in the retina and promoting an inflammatory reparative response. The accumulation of fluid is directly associated with an alteration of the BRB. In this situation the protective effect of the BRB is lost and Starling’s law applies.
Macular edema: clinical pattern and imaging
Authors: GIANI A , PELLEGRINI M , INVERNIZZI A , STAURENGHI G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMacular edema is a common feature in different retinal and chorioretinal disorders. It is often the major cause of vision impairment in these pathologies. Edema can be evaluated in clinic practice with different diagnostic modalities. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become the most important tool for the evaluation and quantification of macular edema. Spectral‐domain OCT (SD‐OCT) represents the latest advancement in OCT technology and provides unprecedented visualization of retinal structure. Therefore, using SD‐OCT it is possible to better characterize the pattern of presentation of macular edema, in regards of the retinal layers involved. Moreover, SD‐OCT allows the visualization of photoreceptors alteration, which is directly correlated with visual loss. Another fundamental tool for the evaluation of macular edema is fluorescein angiography (FA). However, this diagnostic technique allows studying the leakage from the vessels, rather than the accumulation of fluid within the retina. Therefore FA provides different information compared to SD‐OCT, and the two tools should be considered complementary, rather than interchangeable. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a non‐invasive tool that provides additional information in pathologies characterized by macular edema. In particular, the displacement of macular pigment induced by cystoid spaces within the retina increases the autofluorescence from the underlying pigment epithelium. In a confocal system, this results in precise visualization of the cysts that can be therefore monitored throughout the time.
ICAM‐1 and HLADR expression on conjunctival epithelial cells in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy and Graves’ disease ‐ preliminary report
Authors: PAWLOWSKI P , MYSLIWIEC J , MRUGACZ M , BAKUNOWICZ‐LAZARCZYK A , ZAK J , WYSOCKA J , GORSKA M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The objective of the study was to evaluate wheather an assessment of conjunctival epithelium expression of HLA‐DR and ICAM‐1 could be helpful as an early marker of local inflamation in the eye and the orbital tissue.Methods Specimens for flow‐cytometric evaluations of ICAM‐I and HLADR expression were collected by impression of ocular surface from 8 eyes with Graves’ diaseas without signs of active Graves’ orbitopathy (CAS ≤ 4), from 8 eyes of patients with active Graves’ orbitopathy (CAS ≥ 4) and from 14 normal speciments without any ocular surface disorders.Results Decreased fluorescence of ICAM‐1 on conjunctival epithelium cells was detected in patients with active Graves orbitopathy vs. patients with Graves wihout orbitopathy. There was no correlation between the CAS and NOSPECS values and the expression of ICAM‐I and HLADR expression on conjuctival epithelium.Conclusion Results of this preliminary study confirm that conjunctival epithelial cells may abnormally express ICAM‐1 on conjunctival epithelium cells in active ocular surface disorder like Graves orbitopathy. Nethertheless, since the number of the examined patients needs to be enlarged the study needs further examination.
Small aperture keratophakia for correction of presbyopia
Authors: RIHA W , GRABNER G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To assess the safety and efficacy of a small‐aperture optic device for the treatment of presbyopia in emmetropic presbyopes.Methods The Kamra Inlay, formerly known as the AcuFocus ACI corneal inlay (AcuFocus, Irvine, CA), is an ultrathin microperforated, opaque artificial aperture (3.8 mm outer diameter and 1.6 mm inner diameter) made of highly biocompatible polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF). A randomized pattern of minute holes allows nutritional flow through the implant to the anterior stroma. Following creation of a superior‐hinged flap in the non‐dominant eye, a Kamra inlay was centered on the stroma based on the first Purkinje reflex in 32 emmetropic patients with a mean age of 51.20 ± 2.2 years. Manifest refraction and visual acuity at three years postoperative are reported here. Four year data will be presented at the meeting.Results In the implanted eye, mean spherical equivalent shifted from 0.19 ± 0.22 D preop to 0.08 ± 0.68D at 3 years. Mean UNVA improved from J7/J8 to J1 at 3 years. Mean UIVA went from 20/40 preop to 20/25 at 3 years. Mean UDVA decreased slightly from 20/16 to 20/20 at 3 years. At 3 years, all eyes achieved UDVA of 20/32 or better. Mean binocular UDVA was 20/16. There were no explants. Two inlays had to be recentered due to initial misplacement. During the follow up period, no irritation, inflammatory reactions, or changes in corneal appearance were observed.Conclusion The Kamra corneal inlay improves near and intermediate vision without severe loss of distance visual acuity in emmetropic presbyopes by increasing the depth of field, based on the small aperture optics concept.
Commercial interest
Histopathology of Behçet’s uveitis
Authors: DAMATO EM , DICK A , COUPLAND SE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To report the histological findings in an eye with severe Behçet’s disease.Methods A 17‐year‐old male had a longstanding history of chronic intraocular inflammation, which was treated with high dose steroids, immunosuppression and biological agents (anti‐TNF therapy). Despite this aggressive treatment, he suffered persistent uveitis, and had also undergone cataract and pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. Eventually the patient underwent enucleation of his left eye, which had become blind and painful. The specimen was sent to the Pathology Dept. RLBUHT, for morphological examination.Results Histological sections of the enucleated eye demonstrated extensive pathological changes. These included: chronic keratitis with associated neovascularisation; severe chronic granulomatous iridocyclitis with the development of anterior synechiae with angle closure, as well as extensive posterior cyclitic membrane formation with ciliary process destruction. The inflammation, which was characterised by dense lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrates, extended posteriorly into the choroid, focally involving the retina. Chronic vasculitis resulted in a typical “onion‐skinning” appearance of some blood vessels. There was optic disc cupping. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterise the lymphocytic and plasma cell populations.Conclusion This case is a rare example of end‐stage Behçet’s disease in which the histopathological alterations will be demonstrated.
Vitreo‐retinal interactions and optical coherence tomography study in Fuchs’ uveitis
Authors: BOUCHENAKI N , HERBORT C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate an describe vitreo‐retinal interactions by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Fuchs’ uveitis.Methods Retrospective study including 29 patients (31 eyes) with Fuchs’ uveitis who underwent OCT evaluation. Vitreo‐retinal interface was analyzed and morphological changes described and compared to the normal controlateral eye (except 2 bilateral cases).Results Vitreo‐retinal modifications were seen on OCT in 90% of Fuchs’ uveitis patients. The main vitreo‐retinal interactions that could be described were : retinal surface fibrosis (43.3%), epiretinal membrane (33.3%), vitreo‐retinal traction (23.3%), foveal vitreous opacity (23.3%).Conclusion Vitreous involvement is a characteristic feature of Fuchs’ uveitis with cellular infiltration and/or vitreous opacification, moreover, these OCT findings show that there is a high prevalence of vitreoretinal abnormalities in Fuchs’ uveitis.
The effect of cataract surgery on imaging optic nerve head topography with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
Authors: FALCK AAK , SAARELA V 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has an effect on measuring optic nerve head (ONH) topography using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).Methods The study population inculuded 31 women and 12 men aged 59‐81 years with no previous history of eye diseases, surgery, laser procedures or medication. The patients underwent first‐eye cataract surgery for senile cataract. HRT II with software version 1.6 was used to obtain three‐dimensional images of the ONH as a part of a meticulous eye examination. The quality of the HRT image was assessed using topography standard deviation (TSD). The topography measurements are considered unreliable if TSD is more than 50 µm. Re‐examination took place one month after surgery.Results Before surgery the topography measurements were unreliable in 33% (14/43) of the eyes; in 4 of these cases ONH topography could not be calculated at all. One month after cataract surgery the ONH topography could be calculated in all eyes and only one had unreliable topography measurements. The mean TSD was 39 µm before and 22 µm after surgery when calculated for all eyes with measurable topographies. The change in the TSD was statistically significant (p<0.0005). The image alignment between the HRT examinations before and after surgery was excellent in 67% (26/39). Magnification changes occurred in 13% (5/39) of the eyes.Conclusion Phacoemulsification cataract surgery with IOL implantation improves the image quality of the HRT. Because of magnification changes and image misalignment, HRT follow‐up over cataract surgery was unreliable in more than one third of eyes.