bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elective induction of labor versus expectant management at 39 weeks among low‐risk nulliparous pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial in India (ELITE‐39 trial)
Authors: Lalithadevi Palaparthi , Rengaraj Sasirekha , Dasari Paapa , Adhisivam Bethovu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present open label randomized controlled trial was to compare the rate of cesarean section (CS) after elective induction with that of expectant management in low‐risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial from a tertiary maternity care center enrolled low risk nulliparous pregnant women at 38–38+4 weeks between April 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Participants were randomized into either the elective induction group (e‐IOL) or the expectant management (EM) group though computer generated block randomization. The primary outcome was cesarean rate and the secondary outcome include adverse maternal and perinatal outcome between e‐IOL and EM groups. We performed intention to treat analysis.ResultsA total of 360 women were enrolled into the present study. Analysis was performed for 179 women in the e‐IOL group and 180 women in the EM group. The baseline demographic characteristics including Bishop score were comparable between the groups. The CS rate in both groups was 17.3% (31/179) and 25% (45/180), which is comparable (P = 0.08). There was one intrapartum stillbirth in the e‐IOL group, and two babies succumbed in the neonatal period in the EM group. The maternal and perinatal outcomes between the groups were not found to be significantly different.ConclusionElective induction of low‐risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks was not associated with increased cesarean section rate. The maternal and perinatal outcomes were comparable. Large, multicentric real time randomized controlled trials are needed to understand the benefit of elective induction in low‐risk nulliparous women. This should include centers with large volume of deliveries especially from emerging countries also.
Adolescents' use of digital media during the pandemic: Implications for literacy
Authors: Lim Fei Victor , Loh Chin Ee , Teravainen Taina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown measures in many countries have increased young people's engagement with digital media. The digital divide goes beyond just having devices and includes differences in how well young people can use digital technology. In this paper, we shift our attention beyond screen time to the nature of the adolescents' digital media use. Our study looks at two adolescents from different backgrounds to understand how their digital media experiences differ in viewing, play, and reading. We add to the literature on the influence SES has on the ways in which adolescents are using digital media during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Singapore. Our study was conducted during the pandemic and participants were selected using convenience stratified sampling and the snowballing method. Our findings show that the adolescents' digital viewing was motivated by the need to be a part of an affinity group and that while the viewing was passive, it served a social function to develop a sense of connectedness with peers. We also found that adolescents from high socioeconomic backgrounds tended to engage in more digital reading compared to their peers from low socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition, while the adolescents' digital play was shaped by their socioeconomic realities, they were able to make the most from their circumstances and demonstrated both creativity and savviness. By demonstrating the disparities in digital media experiences between two adolescents from contrastive socioeconomic backgrounds, we shed light on the implications of the digital divide, where both equitable access to digital resources and the development of digital literacies necessary to navigate the digital landscape is currently lacking. We argue for the importance for researchers and policymakers to move beyond acknowledging long‐standing concerns and take actionable steps to address these issues.
Bacteriophage‐cocktail hydrogel dressing to prevent multiple bacterial infections and heal diabetic ulcers in mice
Authors: Shiue Sheng‐Jie , Wu Ming‐Shun , Chiang Yi‐Hsien , Lin Hsin‐Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacteriophage (phage) has been reported to reduce the bacterial infection in delayed‐healing wounds and, as a result, aiding in the healing of said wounds. In this study we investigated whether the presence of phage itself could help repair delayed‐healing wounds in diabetic mice. Three strains of phage that target Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. To prevent the phage liquid from running off the wound, the mixture of phage (phage‐cocktail) was encapsulated in a porous hydrogel dressing made with three‐dimensional printing. The phage‐cocktail dressing was tested for its phage preservation and release efficacy, bacterial reduction, cytotoxicity with 3T3 fibroblast, and performance in repairing a sterile full‐thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The phage‐cocktail dressing released 1.7%–5.7% of the phages embedded in 24 h, and reduced between 37%–79% of the surface bacteria compared with the blank dressing (p <.05). The phage‐cocktail dressing exhibited no sign of cytotoxicity after 3 days (p <.05). In vivo studies showed that 14 days after incision, the full‐thickness wound treated with a phage‐cocktail dressing had a higher wound healing ratio compared with the blank dressing and control (p <.01). Histological analysis showed that the structure of the skin layers in the group treated with phage‐cocktail dressing was restored in an orderly fashion. Compared with the blank dressing and control, the repaired tissue in the phage‐cocktail dressing group had new capillary vessels and no sign of inflammation in its dermis, and its epidermis had a higher degree of re‐epithelialization (p <.05). The slow‐released phage has demonstrated positive effects in repairing diabetic skin wounds.
Therapeutic apheresis in kidney transplantation: Emerging trends
Authors: Okwuonu Chimezie Godswill , Shah Monarch , Rafique Iram , Abdelrazeq Abdallah Saleh , Kamal Jeanne , Rao Swati , Abiodun Balogun Rasheed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe use of therapeutic apheresis (TA) either as stand‐alone or adjunctive treatment in kidney transplantation has increased over the years to become a leading indication. This study shows recent trends in indications for TA related to kidney transplantation, adverse events, and patient outcome in this cohort.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort review of adults who received TA for kidney transplant‐related indications from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, at the University of Virginia Medical Centre, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Data extracted include basic demographics, indication for apheresis, number of procedures, procedure characteristics, procedure‐related adverse events (complications), and serum ionized calcium and serum creatinine. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 2022 IBM Inc).ResultsData from a total of 131 patients who received 860 TA procedures were analyzed. Indications for TA were antibody‐mediated rejection (65.5%), recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (15%), thrombotic microangiopathy (5%), desensitization for ABO incompatibility (4.5%) and for HLA‐incompatibility (4.5%), and recurrent IgA nephropathy (1%). Some adverse events were encountered in 16.7% of the procedures and include hypocalcemia (7%), vascular access malfunction (0.7%), hypotension (1.2%), arrhythmia (0.6%), and depletion coagulopathy (0.6%). The overall case mortality rate was 8.4% over the 6‐year period. There was one death recorded on machine during TA resulting in a procedure‐mortality rate of 0.12%.ConclusionAntibody‐mediated rejection was the most common indication for TA related to kidney transplantation. Adverse events were minor and patient survival over the time was within usual limits.
Paraoxonase‐2 shRNA‐mediated gene silencing suppresses proliferation and migration, while promotes chemosensitivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Schiavoni Valentina , Emanuelli Monica , Campagna Roberto , Cecati Monia , Sartini Davide , Milanese Giulio , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Pozzi Valentina , Salvolini Eleonora 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents the most common subtype of renal tumor. Despite recent advances in identifying novel target molecules, the prognosis of patients with ccRCC continues to be poor, mainly due to the lack of sensitivity to chemo‐ and radiotherapy and because of one‐third of renal cell carcinoma patients displays metastatic disease at diagnosis. Thus, identifying new molecules for early detection and for developing effective targeted therapies is mandatory. In this work, we focused on paraoxonase‐2 (PON2), an intracellular membrane‐bound enzyme ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, whose upregulation has been reported in a variety of malignancies, thus suggesting its possible role in cancer cell survival and proliferation. To investigate PON2 involvement in tumor cell metabolism, human ccRCC cell lines were transfected with plasmid vectors coding short harpin RNAs targeting PON2 transcript and the impact of PON2 silencing on cell viability, migration, and response to chemotherapeutic treatment was then explored. Our results showed that PON2 downregulation was able to trigger a decrease in proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells, as well as an enhancement of cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus, taken together, data reported in this study suggest that the enzyme may represent an interesting therapeutic target for ccRCC.
The Role of Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR) as an Early Indicator of Mortality in Pediatric Septic Shock
Authors: Turan Caner , Yurtseven Ali , Ozkaya Pinar Yazici , Azarsiz Elif , Saz Eylem Ulas 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite advancements in antibiotic therapy and resuscitation protocols, sepsis and septic shock remain major contributors to morbidity and mortality in children. We aimed to investigate the utility of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) for the early detection of septic shock and to evaluate its accuracy in predicting mortality.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED), enrolling patients diagnosed with the sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock. In addition to assessing infection biomarkers such as C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin, suPAR levels were quantified upon admission using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day mortality.ResultsOverall 72 patients and 80 healthy children included. Plasma suPAR levels demonstrated a statistically significant elevation in the sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock groups compared with the control group (p < 0.001 for all). The septic shock group exhibited the highest suPAR levels upon admission, surpassing both the sepsis and severe sepsis groups (p = 0.009 and 0.042). ROC analysis underscored the promising potential of suPAR with an AUC of 0.832 for septic shock. Analysis of mortality prediction revealed significantly higher suPAR levels in nonsurvivors than survivors (9.7 ng/mL vs. 4.2 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Employing plasma suPAR levels to discriminate between mortality and survival, a threshold of ≥7.0 ng/mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 71.0%.ConclusionPlasma suPAR levels have the potential as a biomarker for predicting mortality in children with septic shock. In pediatric septic shock, the presence of plasma suPAR ≥7 ng/mL along with an underlying disease significantly increases the risk of mortality.
Revisiting surprise appeals: How surprise labeling curtails consumption
Authors: Schumacher Anika , Goukens Caroline , Geyskens Kelly , Nielsen Jesper H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElements of surprise are effective tools for attracting consumers' attention and influencing their choices. Consequently, a common marketing practice is to promote a product or consumption experience as surprising. An example is Netflix, which relabeled its “Play Something” feature as “Surprise Me.” While surprise labeling positively influences choice, across 10 studies and a variety of consumption experiences, this research shows that adding a surprise label can negatively influence actual consumption. Particularly when a consumption experience in itself is not meaningfully different from usual, surprise labeling might result in a perceived label–experience mismatch, ultimately leading to a curtailing of consumption. This research adopts a dual‐process perspective, providing evidence for both the cognitive appraisal of this label–experience mismatch and the heightened state of tense arousal accompanying this expectancy violation. Relatedly, we show that the negative consumption effect can be attenuated by increasing the degree of unexpectedness of the experience or by reducing tense arousal. Moreover, we show that consumers' dispositional need for cognitive closure moderates the observed consumption effect.
Moderators and predictors of treatment outcome following adjunctive internet‐delivered emotion regulation therapy relative to treatment as usual alone for adolescents with nonsuicidal self‐injury disorder: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ojala Olivia , Hesser Hugo , Gratz Kim L. , Tull Matthew T. , Hedman‐Lagerlöf Erik , Sahlin Hanna , Ljótsson Brjánn , Hellner Clara , Bjureberg Johan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the wide‐ranging negative consequences of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), there are few evidence‐based treatments for NSSI among adolescents and little is known about what treatments that work best for whom. The objective of this study was to investigate moderators (i.e., for whom a specific treatment works) and predictors (i.e., factors associated with treatment outcome independent of treatment type) of treatment outcome in a randomized clinical trial comparing internet‐delivered emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (IERITA) plus treatment as usual (TAU) to TAU alone.MethodsAdolescents (N = 166; mean [SD] age = 15.0 [1.2] years) with NSSI disorder were randomized to IERITA plus TAU (n = 84) or TAU‐only (n = 82). Adolescent emotion regulation difficulties, suicidality, NSSI frequency, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulties, global functioning, and age, and parental invalidation, were measured pre‐treatment and investigated as moderators and predictors of treatment outcome (i.e., NSSI frequency during treatment and for 4 weeks post‐treatment). A zero‐inflated negative binomial generalized linear mixed effects regression model was used to estimate the rate of NSSI change as a function of both treatment condition and moderator/predictor.ResultsNo significant moderators of treatment outcome were found. Parental invalidation was a significant predictor of treatment outcome regardless of treatment condition, such that high levels of parental invalidation pre‐treatment were associated with a less favorable NSSI frequency.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence of a differential treatment effect as a function of any of the examined client factors. Future research should investigate moderation in larger samples and with sufficient statistical power to detect moderation effects of smaller magnitude. Results suggest that parental invalidation may have a negative impact on treatment response and highlight the importance of further investigating parental invalidation in the context of NSSI treatments.
Radical scavenging potential of spectrophotometric, spectroscopic, microscopic, and EDX observed zinc oxide nanoparticles from leaves, buds, and flowers extract of Bauhinia Variegata Linn: A thorough comparative insight
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Irshad Muhammad , Ali Shaukat , Summer Muhammad , Rasheed Aamir , Jawad Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study incorporated an environment‐friendly and cost‐efficient green synthesis method for fabricating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) using various parts (leaves, buds, and flowers) of Bauhinia Variegate Linn. UV‐Spectrophotometric analysis was used to confirm the synthesis of ZnO‐NPs, which showed an absorption band within 360–380 nm range. Further techniques like FT‐IR spectroscopy and (SEM) scanning electron microscopy equipped with a novel EDX were also included to confirm the synthesis, size, and shape of ZnO‐NPs. Results obtained by FT‐IR showed that the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract successfully acted as a capping agent. SEM micrographs confirmed irregularly shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 70–80 nm. The presence of Zinc and Oxygen peaks in EDX also confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The radical scavenging (antioxidant) potential of prepared nanoparticles was also evaluated by DPPH radical assay. The ZnO‐NPs obtained from the ethanolic extract of buds showed the highest %RSA (86%) as compared to the flowers (79%) and leaves (76%). The current study findings showed the versatile morphology of all parts of the plant with significant antioxidant potential, establishing the use of Bauhinia Variegate in biological systems for various biomedical applications.Research Highlights
A thorough comparative analysis of the radical scavenging power of major parts of the Bauhinia Variegate, which is 1st of its kind.
Extensive characterization using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FT‐IR, SEM, and EDX to observe the conformational and morphological changes.
Analysis of the reduction potential of leaves, buds, and flowers of a single plant for future directions in green synthesis.
Lamiales epidermal dynamics: Unveiling antimicrobial resilience in a structural symphony
Authors: Aljowaie Reem M. , Zengin Gokhan , Jaradat Nidal , Mammadova Afat O. , Azad Abul Kalam , Beylerli Ozal , Beilerli Aferin , Valioglu Ferzane , Biturku Jonida , Kiren Ifrah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research on Lamiales epidermal anatomy not only provides in‐depth understanding of their structural traits but also highlights the significance of uncovering the inherent antimicrobial resilience embedded within these plants. Such insights hold promise for advancing natural product‐based approaches in medicine, potentially contributing to the development of novel antimicrobial agents inspired by Lamiales unique biological defense mechanisms. Scanning microscopic tools were utilized to conduct foliar epidermal anatomy of nine species that belong to seven genera and four families within the Lamiales order, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Verbenaceae, and Lamiaceae. This approach aimed to gather both qualitative and quantitative data, facilitating the assessment of taxonomic microanatomical significance. The shape of epidermal cells and their anticlinal walls; number of epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes; type of stomata and trichomes; length and width of epidermal cells, trichomes, stomatal pore, guard cells, and subsidiary cells; and stomatal index were determined statistically. Most of the species examined were amphistomatous and showed extensive array of trichomes diversity. The exploration of Lamiales epidermal micromorphology and their antimicrobial potential were significant for their implications in multidisciplinary fields. The pharmacological research to utilize sustainable agricultural practices prompts avenues to strengths of Lamiales order for the development of novel antimicrobial solutions and ecological benefits.Research Highlights
Diverse trichome morphometry reveals a wide array of trichome structures across Lamiales species.
Epidermal microscopic architecture variability of epidermal cell shapes and sizes signifies the interspecies variability.
Secondary metabolite localization within microanatomical structures elucidates potential hotspots for antimicrobial compound production.
Human genetic defects of sphingolipid synthesis
Authors: Dubot Patricia , Sabourdy Frédérique , Levade Thierry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSphingolipids are ubiquitous lipids, present in the membranes of all cell types, the stratum corneum and the circulating lipoproteins. Autosomal recessive as well as dominant diseases due to disturbed sphingolipid biosynthesis have been identified, including defects in the synthesis of ceramides, sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids. In many instances, these gene variants result in the loss of catalytic function of the mutated enzymes. Additional gene defects implicate the subcellular localization of the sphingolipid‐synthesizing enzyme, the regulation of its activity, or even the function of a sphingolipid‐transporter protein. The resulting metabolic alterations lead to two major, non‐exclusive types of clinical manifestations: a neurological disease, more or less rapidly progressive, associated or not with intellectual disability, and an ichthyotic‐type skin disorder. These phenotypes highlight the critical importance of sphingolipids in brain and skin development and homeostasis. The present article reviews the clinical symptoms, genetic and biochemical alterations, pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic options of this relatively novel group of metabolic diseases.
Dynamic Regularized Adaptive Cluster Optimization (DRACO) for Quantitative Cardiac Cine MRI in Complex Arrhythmias
Authors: Ming Zhengyang , Pogosyan Arutyun , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Finn J. Paul , Ruan Dan , Nguyen Kim‐Lien 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIrregular cardiac motion can render conventional segmented cine MRI nondiagnostic. Clustering has been proposed for cardiac motion binning and may be optimized for complex arrhythmias.PurposeTo develop an adaptive cluster optimization method for irregular cardiac motion, and to generate the corresponding time‐resolved cine images.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirteen with atrial fibrillation, four with premature ventricular contractions, and one patient in sinus rhythm.Field Strength/SequenceFree‐running balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) with sorted golden‐step, reference real‐time sequence.AssessmentEach subject underwent both the sorted golden‐step bSSFP and the reference Cartesian real‐time imaging. Golden‐step bSSFP images were reconstructed using the dynamic regularized adaptive cluster optimization (DRACO) method and k‐means clustering. Image quality (4‐point Likert scale), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), edge sharpness, and ventricular function were assessed.Statistical TestsPaired t‐tests, Friedman test, regression analysis, Fleiss' Kappa, Bland–Altman analysis. Significance level P < 0.05.ResultsThe DRACO method had the highest percent of images with scores ≥3 (96% for diastolic frame, 93% for systolic frame, and 93% for multiphase cine) and the percentages were significantly higher compared with both the k‐means and real‐time methods. Image quality scores, SNR, and CNR were significantly different between DRACO vs. k‐means and between DRACO vs. real‐time. Cardiac function analysis showed no significant differences between DRACO vs. the reference real‐time.ConclusionDRACO with time‐resolved reconstruction generated high quality images and has early promise for quantitative cine cardiac MRI in patients with complex arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation.Level of Evidence1.Technical EfficacyStage 2.