bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoactivation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells with diode laser: Effects and mechanisms of action
Authors: Giannelli Marco , Chellini Flaminia , Sassoli Chiara , Francini Fabio , Pini Alessandro , Squecco Roberta , Nosi Daniele , Bani Daniele , Zecchi‐Orlandini Sandra , Formigli Lucia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell candidate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their proliferative potential can be increased by low‐level laser irradiation (LLLI), but the mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. With the aim of expanding the therapeutic application of LLLI to MSC therapy, in the present study we investigated the effects of 635 nm diode laser on mouse MSC proliferation and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, focusing the attention on the effects of laser irradiation on Notch‐1 signal activation and membrane ion channel modulation. It was found that MSC proliferation was significantly enhanced after laser irradiation, as judged by time lapse videomicroscopy and EdU incorporation. This phenomenon was associated with the up‐regulation and activation of Notch‐1 pathway, and with increased membrane conductance through voltage‐gated K+, BK and Kir, channels and T‐ and L‐type Ca2+ channels. We also showed that MSC proliferation was mainly dependent on Kir channel activity, on the basis that the cell growth and Notch‐1 up‐regulation were severely decreased by the pre‐treatment with the channel inhibitor Ba2+ (0.5 mM). Interestingly, the channel inhibition was also able to attenuate the stimulatory effects of diode laser on MSCs, thus providing novel evidence to expand our knowledge on the mechanisms of biostimulation after LLLI. In conclusions, our findings suggest that diode laser may be a valid approach for the preconditioning of MSCs in vitro prior cell transplantation. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 172–181, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Stress During Handling, Seawater Acclimation, Confinement, and Induced Spawning on Plasma Ion Levels and Somatolactin‐Expressing Cells in Mature Female Liza ramada
Authors: KHALIL NOHA A. , HASHEM AMAL M. , IBRAHIM AMAL A. E. , MOUSA MOSTAFA A. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe present experiments were designed to determine the effect of different stress factors; handling, seawater acclimation, confinement, and induced spawning on plasma cortisol, hydro mineral balance as well as changes in size, number and integrated intensity of somatolactin (SL)‐expressing cells in Liza ramada mature females confined to fresh water ponds. The plasma levels of cortisol, PO43−, Na+, and K+ were higher, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ were lower than controls during transportation without anesthesia. By using clove oil (5 mg L−1) as an anesthetic during transportation, the plasma cortisol, PO43−, Na+, and K+ were similar to controls, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ were higher. During seawater acclimation, the plasma cortisol and minerals were significantly higher except Na+ which was lower than controls. In addition, during induction of spawning, the plasma levels of cortisol, PO43−, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ were significantly higher than controls. The SL‐producing cells are located in the pars intermedia (PI) bordering the neurohypophysis. The stress affected the number, size, and immunostaining of SL‐expressing cells. During seawater acclimation, the size and the integrated intensity of SL immunoreactivity were lower, but the number of these cells was higher than controls. Furthermore, the number, size, and the integrated intensity of SL immunoreactivity were significantly lower than controls during handling and after spawning, which was opposite to confinement. The response of SL‐expressing cells in PI in parallel with changes in cortisol and hydro mineral balance induced by stress support the possible role of SL in the adaptive response of fish to stress. J. Exp. Zool. 00A:1‐15, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the full list of finite‐valued solutions of the Euler‐Poisson equations having four first integrals
Authors: Belyaev A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOnly 13 general and partial solutions of the problem of a heavy rigid body's movement have been found from the discovery of the first one by Euler in 1758 till now. All these solutions are finite‐valued in the classical Euler and Poisson's variables except the one in the Hess case. In this paper the problem of finding the full list of the finite‐valued solutions is considered.
Sphere‐Like Fourth Generation Pseudo‐Dendrimers with a Hyperbranched Core
Authors: Lederer Albena , Hartmann Tobias , Komber Hartmut 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA pseudo‐dendritic structure clear of linear units is obtained from a hyperbranched aliphatic–aromatic polyester core modified by a B‐protected AB2 monomer. The chosen sequence of reaction and deprotection steps yields four generations of pseudo‐dendrimers with either silyl‐ or OH‐terminal units. 1H and 13C NMR confirm the extent of modification and the degree of branching in the different generations. The influence of generation number, end group type, and degree of branching on the specific solution behavior of the pseudo‐dendrimers is investigated by size‐exclusion chromatography coupled to static light scattering and by intrinsic viscosity characterization. Apparent density and scaling parameters indicate increased compactness of the pseudo‐dendrimers with increasing generation number.
Explicit level‐set‐based topology optimization using an exact Heaviside function and consistent sensitivity analysis
Authors: van Dijk N.P. , Langelaar M. , van Keulen F. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a level‐set‐based topology optimization method based on numerically consistent sensitivity analysis. The proposed method uses a direct steepest‐descent update of the design variables in a level‐set method; the level‐set nodal values. An exact Heaviside formulation is used to relate the level‐set function to element densities. The level‐set function is not required to be a signed‐distance function, and reinitialization is not necessary. Using this approach, level‐set‐based topology optimization problems can be solved consistently and multiple constraints treated simultaneously.The proposed method leads to more insight in the nature of level‐set‐based topology optimization problems. The level‐set‐based design parametrization can describe gray areas and numerical hinges. Consistency causes results to contain these numerical artifacts. We demonstrate that alternative parameterizations, level‐set‐based or density‐based regularization can be used to avoid artifacts in the final results.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using several benchmark problems. The capability to treat multiple constraints shows the potential of the method. Furthermore, due to the consistency, the optimizer can run into local minima; a fundamental difficulty of level‐set‐based topology optimization. More advanced optimization strategies and more efficient optimizers may increase the performance in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly soluble polyamide–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrid nanocomposites: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Gnanasekaran D. , Reddy B.S.R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA method of preparing linear polyamide‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PA‐POSS) hybrid nanocomposites in a reactor using thionyl chloride/triethylamine (TEA) as the activating agent was investigated. Soluble polyamic acid (PAA) having carboxylic acid end groups were first synthesized by condensation reaction of 2,2‐ bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropane, (6FODA). The PAA was acylated by SOCl2/TEA and followed by the addition of different mole percentages of aminopropyl heptacyclopentyl POSS (AP‐POSS) and 3‐(trifluoromethyl) aniline to get the PA‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites. The chemical structure of PA‐POSS hybrid nanocomposites were investigated by ATR‐FTIR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Thermal and morphological properties of PA‐POSS were influenced by changing the percentage of POSS and investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction and contact angle measurements. The PA‐POSS with hexafluoroisopropylidene and POSS groups have higher bulk density resulting in higher free volume and then increasing the solubility property. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Pattern formation of colloidal suspensions by dip‐coating: An in situ grazing incidence X‐ray scattering study
Authors: Perlich J. , Schwartzkopf M. , Körstgens V. , Erb D. , Risch J. F. H. , Müller‐Buschbaum P. , Röhlsberger R. , Roth S. V. , Gehrke R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDip‐coating of a colloidal suspension is investigated in situ with microbeam grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering. We focus on the real‐time monitoring of a vertical dip‐coating process yielding insights into structural changes during pattern formation of the thin film. With the selected configuration a fixed spot on the sample surface is probed and the structural information at the time the contact line passes this spot is obtained, hence revealing the structure at the vicinity of the flowing meniscus owing to the microfocused beam. After dip‐coating the morphology is analyzed with atomic force microscopy, yielding real space information about the arrangement of individual nanoparticles at the film surface.magnified imageGISAXS allows for in situ investigation of structure formation during dip‐coating. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ensemble forecasts of a flood‐producing storm: comparison of the influence of model‐state perturbations and parameter modifications
Authors: Leoncini G. , Plant R. S. , Gray S. L. , Clark P. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHigh‐resolution ensemble simulations (Δx = 1 km) are performed with the Met Office Unified Model for the Boscastle (Cornwall, UK) flash‐flooding event of 16 August 2004. Forecast uncertainties arising from imperfections in the forecast model are analysed by comparing the simulation results produced by two types of perturbation strategy. Motivated by the meteorology of the event, one type of perturbation alters relevant physics choices or parameter settings in the model's parametrization schemes. The other type of perturbation is designed to account for representativity error in the boundary‐layer parametrization. It makes direct changes to the model state and provides a lower bound against which to judge the spread produced by other uncertainties. The Boscastle has genuine skill at scales of approximately 60 km and an ensemble spread which can be estimated to within ∼ 10% with only eight members. Differences between the model‐state perturbation and physics modification strategies are discussed, the former being more important for triggering and the latter for subsequent cell development, including the average internal structure of convective cells.Despite such differences, the spread in rainfall evaluated at skilful scales is shown to be only weakly sensitive to the perturbation strategy. This suggests that relatively simple strategies for treating model uncertainty may be sufficient for practical, convective‐scale ensemble forecasting. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
Is unequal weighting significantly better than equal weighting for multi‐model forecasting?
Authors: DelSole Timothy , Yang Xiaosong , Tippett Michael K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article proposes a statistical test for whether a multi‐model combination with unequal weights has significantly smaller errors than a combination with equal weights. A combination with equal weights includes the case of a no‐skill model, in which all weights equal zero, and the multi‐model mean, in which all weights equal 1/M, where M is the number of models. The test is applied to seasonal hindcasts of 2 m temperature and precipitation generated by five state‐of‐the‐art coupled atmosphere–ocean models. The hypothesis of equal weights could not be rejected over 75% the globe for temperature and 90% of the land for precipitation, implying that strategies for unequal weighting of forecasts may be of value only over a relatively small fraction of the globe. The fact that the test does not require pre‐specifying a specific strategy for weighting forecasts suggests that it should be useful for exploring a wide range of multi‐model strategies. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Enthalpies of formation of phosphorus and oxygen compounds determined by the correlation consistent composite approach
Authors: Morgon Nelson H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe heats of formation of small molecules (O2, O3, P2, P4, PO, PO2, PO3, P2O, P2O2, and P4O6) have been determined by a modified version of the correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA). The equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies were computed via density functional theory, using the M06‐2X exchange‐correlation functional and 6‐31G(2df,p) basis sets. The original methodology requires CCSD(T) energy, which now is obtained by CR‐CCSD(T)_L method. The theoretical heats of formation, whose accuracy is estimated as ranging from ±4 to ±10 kJ mol−1, are closer to the available experimental data, but O3 and P4O6 are exceptions, exceed the desired value of ±10 kJ mol−1. The ccCA result for ozone (159.2 kJ mol−1) shows a deviation in comparison to experimental data (142.67 ± 1.7 kJ mol−1), but it is closer to the calculated value 154.0 kJ mol−1 by the high‐level quantum chemical calculation (W1U; Janoschek and Fabian, J. Mol. Struct.
2006, 780–781, 80). The value of heat formation to P4O6 was estimated to be −1706.3 kJ mol−1. This value is quite different of experimental data, and additional studies are needed to understand this deviation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies of interaction between insulin and glutathione using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Du Yonggang , Zhang Ningbo , Cui Meng , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Shuying 
Published: May 2012

RATIONALEThe interaction of glutathione (GSH) with insulin plays an important role in the degradation or regulation of insulin. The characterization of the reaction products of GSH and insulin is very important for a proper understanding of the mechanism of insulin regulation of GSH.METHODSSolutions of insulin and glutathione were incubated under different experimental conditions in vitro. The reaction products were determined by electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe multi‐reaction products were identified, including insulin A chain with two intrachain disulfides, insulin B chain with one intrachain disulfides, GSH‐modified insulin, GSH‐modified A chain, GSH‐modified B chain, aggregates of A chain and B chain, and reduced A chain and B chain. The binding site of the B chain with insulin was determined directly by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) without enzyme digestion. It was found that the reaction between GSH and insulin was pH‐, O2‐ and temperature‐dependent.CONCLUSIONSThe results provide insight into the interaction between GSH and insulin. It has also been demonstrated that ESI‐MS combined with high‐resolution FTICRMS and MS/MS provides a powerful tool for screening the reactions of proteins and small molecules. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signaling Profiling at the Single-Cell Level Identifies a Distinct Signaling Signature in Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Du Juan , Wang Jinyong , Kong Guangyao , Jiang Jing , Zhang Jingfang , Liu Yangang , Tong Wei , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is tightly regulated by cytokine signaling. Although phospho-flow cytometry allows us to study signaling in defined populations of cells, there has been tremendous hurdle to carry out this study in rare HSCs due to unrecoverable critical HSC markers, low HSC number, and poor cell recovery rate. Here, we overcame these difficulties and developed a “HSC phospho-flow” method to analyze cytokine signaling in murine HSCs at the single-cell level and compare HSC signaling profile to that of multipotent progenitors (MPPs), a cell type immediately downstream of HSCs, and commonly used Lin− cKit+ cells (LK cells, enriched for myeloid progenitors). We chose to study signaling evoked from three representative cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO) that are essential for HSC function and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) that is dispensable for HSCs. HSCs display a distinct TPO and GM-CSF signaling signature from MPPs and LK cells, which highly correlates with receptor surface expression. In contrast, although majority of LK cells express lower levels of cKit than HSCs and MPPs, SCF-evoked ERK1/2 activation in LK cells shows a significantly increased magnitude for a prolonged period. These results suggest that specific cellular context plays a more important role than receptor surface expression in SCF signaling. Our study of HSC signaling at the homeostasis stage paves the way to investigate signaling changes in HSCs under conditions of stress, aging, and hematopoietic diseases.
Men's health down under
Authors: Kirby Roger 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAustralia is a country where many men still take ‘Crocodile Dundee’ for a macho role model. Returning from the annual meeting of the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand (USANZ), where I delivered a lecture on ‘The Trouble with Men’ and took part in a public forum on men's health, gives me pause to contemplate these issues in the southern hemisphere, and to suggest some solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Advanced prostate cancer – lessons from the past for success in the future
Authors: Fizazi Karim , Payne Heather A. , Staffurth John 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis report is based on a workshop seminar held during the 8th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group in York last September. The workshop contrasted the well‐known clinical trial failures of a number of promising drugs for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) before 2009, with the rush of positive late‐phase trials reported over the past two years. The disappointing experiences of the earlier period were discussed in the context of optimising the chances of successfully developing emerging CRPC therapies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Hormonal and Behavioral Variation in Pied Tamarins Housed in Different Management Conditions
Authors: Armstrong D. M. , Santymire R.M. 
Published: May 2012

Pied tamarins are an endangered Amazonian primate that has limited breeding success in zoos. Unfortunately, little is known about their reproductive biology and adrenocortical activity. Objectives were: (1) determine if fecal hormones could be utilized to monitor gonadal and adrenocortical activity; (2) characterize male and female gonadal and adrenocortical hormones; and (3) determine if there were differences between adrenocortical activity and behavior in a nonbreeding, on‐exhibit (NB‐ON) pair compared to a breeding, off‐exhibit (B‐OFF) pair. Fecal samples were collected from four (two males; two females) individuals. Hormones were analyzed for fecal progesterone (FPM), androgen (FAM), and glucocorticoid (FGM) metabolites by enzyme immunoassay. Behavioral observations were conducted for 6 months. Data were collected on instantaneous behavior, location, and all occurrences of intraspecific behaviors. Fecal progesterone metabolites were validated by pregnancy (mean ± SE, pregnant: 28.47 ± 1.60 μg/g; nonpregnant: 8.63 ± 0.89 μg/g). Fecal androgen metabolites were higher (T = 31,971, P < 0.05) in the B‐OFF male (863.66 ± 46.30 μg/g) than the NB‐ON male (838.63 ± 60.70 μg/g). Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites were validated by response to veterinary procedure with elevated values (7.31 ± 1.48 μg/g) seven times the baseline (0.37 ± 0.04 μg/g) at 24‐hr postphysical. Females had higher baseline FGM than the males (P < 0.05). Baseline FGM were higher (P < 0.05) in the NB‐ON female (0.93 ± 0.03 μg/g) compared to the B‐OFF female (0.38 ± 0.02 μg/g). Similarly, the NB‐ON male's FGM baseline (0.71 ± 0.03 μg/g) were higher (P < 0.05) than the B‐OFF male (0.21 ± 0.01 μg/g). Behavioral data revealed stereotypical behaviors in the NB‐ON pair but no stereotypical behaviors in the B‐OFF pair. Fecal hormone monitoring and behavioral analysis may provide insight on the limited breeding success of pied tamarins in zoos. Zoo Biol. 32:299–306, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of hypoxia on metabolic rate, core body temperature, and c‐fos expression in the naked mole rat
Authors: Nathaniel Thomas I. , Otukonyong Effiong , Abdellatif Ahmed , Soyinka Julius O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRecent investigations of hypoxia physiology in the naked mole rat have opened up an interesting line of research into the basic physiological and genomic alterations that accompany hypoxia survival. The extent to which such findings connect the effect of hypoxia to metabolic rate (O2 consumption), core body temperature (Tb), and transcripts encoding the immediate early gene product (such as c‐fos) under a constant ambient temperature (Ta) is not well known. We investigated this issue in the current study. Our first sets of experiments measured Tb and metabolic rates during exposure of naked mole rats to hypoxia over a constant Ta. Hypoxia significantly decreased metabolic rates in the naked mole rat. Although core Tb also decreased during hypoxia, the effect of hypoxia in suppressing core Tb was not significant. The second series of experiments revealed that c‐fos protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampus neurons (CA1) increased in naked mole rats that were repeatedly exposed to 3% O2 for 60 min per day for 5 days when compared to normoxia. Our findings provide evidence for the up‐regulation of c‐fos and suppression of metabolic rate in hypoxia tolerating naked mole rats under constant ambient temperature. Metabolic suppression and c‐fos upregulation constitute part of the physiological complex associated with adaptation to hypoxia.
Reducing self‐control depletion effects through enhanced sensitivity to implementation: Evidence from fMRI and behavioral studies
Authors: Hedgcock William M. , Vohs Kathleen D. , Rao Akshay R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractResearch suggests self‐control relies on a limited set of resources that can be diminished by use. Recent theories posit that there are two stages of self‐control: recognizing the need for control and implementing controlled responses. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment and an intervention experiment to investigate whether one or both stages were affected by the prior exercise of self‐control. Results from both experiments indicated that only the implementation stage was affected. Further, we demonstrate that self‐control can be increased by an intervention designed to boost implementation, as opposed to the recognition of the need to control one's responses.
Adapted task configuration of a reconfigurable binary parallel robot with

P

RRR

P

structure
Authors: Schütz Daniel , Raatz Annika , Hesselbach Jürgen 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYBinary-actuated robots offer a discrete workspace with the advantage that no feedback control is needed, as their actuators have two mechanical end-positions. This contribution focuses on a planar parallel robot with a PRRRP structure and driven by rodless pneumatic cylinders. Thus, the robot's workspace only features four destination points, which can be reached quickly and with high repeatability. Because of the fact that there is no possibility to reach in discrete points, an adapted task configuration is essential. The objective of this work is to establish and validate a synthesis and calibration technique for binary parallel robots with a PRRRP structure.