bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FILTRATION TECHNIQUE FOR RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: Poole Bruce M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe use of biological filters in closed systems to maintain salmonids and crustaceans is becoming more common as commercial aquaculture ventures approach the urban marketplace. Competition for land and water resources makes the capital costs for equipment, tanks, and material economically feasible. The advantages of intensive closed system aquaculture are greater control over water quality, more production per unit area, and controllable growth rates. The feeding techniques and high loadings generally produce a concentrated wastewater that must be treated by physical, chemical, and biological processes before reuse. Treatment of ammonia, nitrite, and suspended solids are the primary concerns of the culturist. This paper describes the removal efficiencies of biological sand filters in commercial service for various loading parameters. Design factors and the ranges of operation for different systems and organisms are related to data collected over two years of culture. Particular attention is paid to the various soluble and solid forms of nitrogenous waste and their removal in prefiltration, submerged, and trickling biological oxidation systems. The recycled water is returned to many different tanks for polyculture production of fish and crustaceans.
FISH PRODUCTION AND COMMUNITY METABOLISM IN AN ORGANICALLY FERTILIZED FISH POND
Authors: Behrends L. L. , Kingsley J. B. , Maddox J. J. , Waddell E. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFish production and community metabolism were monitored from March 1 to October 12, 1979, in an organically fertilized fish pond. Six hundred l/ha/min of warm water, simulating condenser cooling water from a steam‐electric power plant, was diverted into the pond to optimize fish production and lengthen the growing season. Liquid swine manure was added daily to the pond at a mean dry matter loading rate of 61 kg/ha/day. Two species of tilapia and 3 species of Asiatic carp were stocked at a combined density of 15,400/ha. In September, fish density was reduced to 6,625/ha.Net fish production after 213 days of culture was equivalent to 7,200 kg/ha. Community metabolism values (minimum‐maximum, mean) expressed as gO2/m2/day were: gross primary production (9.2–45.5, 22.1), net primary production (5.9–17.4, 10.4), and community respiration (8.2–46.6, 22.1). From June to September, a negative correlation existed between fish standing crop and primary production. Net primary production during afternoon hours averaged 32% less than production during morning hours. Seasonal and daily changes in primary production are discussed in relation to fish standing crop and fish grazing pressure.
THE ROLE OF INTRODUCED BIVALVE MOLLUSC SPECIES IN MARICULTURE1
Authors: Mann Roger 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPremeditated introductions of non‐indigenous molluscan shellfish species have been important in establishing several substantial fisheries. The North American fishery for Crassostrea gigas developed from active introductions that began in the early part of this century and continued until 1978. More recently C. gigas has been introduced to many sites in Europe, South Africa, South America, the Mediterranean, and the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, has been successfully introduced to the state of Maine. An internationa code of practice for examining and effecting intentional introductions has been developed which recommends a combination of quarantine procedures and hatchery rearing to avoid accidental introduction of associated species and disease organisms. Several nations have developed comprehensive legislation to control movement of non‐indigenous species. Active movement of species for culture purposes continues, especially in Europe and the Pacific Islands.
ESTUARINE CAGE CULTURE OF HYBRID STRIPED BASS
Authors: Woods L. Curry , Kerby J. Howard , Huish Melvin T. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTNine 0.5‐m3 cages were stocked with three densities (100, 150 and 200/m3) of female striped bass X male white bass hybrids that averaged 44.6 g on 10 April 1981. Fish received a dry, floating commercial trout diet ad libitum 2 or 3 times daily. Survival to harvest (22 November 1981) for all densities averaged 95% with a mean weight per fish of 333 g. Growth of the hybrids was positively correlated with temperature, and greatest growth occurred during the period of highest water temperatures. Growth was negatively correlated with salinity. The mean coefficient of condition (K) was approximately 1.5 for the hybrids. No significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in terms of growth in length, weight or condition of the hybrids, between densities. Biomass at harvest averaged 46.6 kg/m3 with a maximum of 62.2 kg/m3 for a high density replicate. A combined feed conversion ratio of dry feed to wet fish weight was 1.58:1. Results demonstrate the potential of the hybrid striped bass for use in aquaculture and indicate that the hybrids can be grown to commercial size within 18 months in small cages at densities as high as 200 fish/m3. Additional information was obtained for striped bass held in cages at a density of 50 fish/m3.
ATTRACTIVE CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE WEANING OF DOVER SOLE (Solea vulgaris): QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACH
Authors: Métailler R. , Cadena‐Roa M. , Ruyet J. Person‐Le 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were conducted to confirm and define quantitatively and qualitatively the efficiency of a mixture of attractive chemical substances (betaine, glycine, L‐alanine, L‐arginine, L‐glutamic acid, inosine) for the weaning of 35‐day‐old, 120 mg weight soles. During the weaning period, a relatively high quantity (6.9% of the diet) is needed. Addition at lower levels (2.9%, 1.5%) resulted in slower growth (specific growth rate from 4.9% to 4.1%), lower survival (from 78% to 50%) and poorer feed conversion (from 2.2 to 5.5). The chemical mixture can be simplified by using only betaine, glycine and inosine, without any loss in attractive efficiency as compared to the original mixture.
REVIEW OF TEN YEARS OF EXPERIMENTAL PENAEID SHRIMP CULTURE IN TAHITI AND NEW CALEDONIA (SOUTH PACIFIC)
Authors:   AQUACOPs
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSince 1973, the Centre Océanologique du Pacifique has been conducting, in its Tahitian and New Caledonian facilities, tropical penaeid shrimp rearings. Up to now, among the different species tested, Penaeus mnodon, P. stylirostris, P. indicus and P. vannamei have been selected and currently cultured for several generations. P. monodon is a fastgraving species especially adapted to tropical semi‐intensive culture conditions with a 2–3 tons/ha/year production from postlarvae. P. stylirostris is particularly suitable for cultures at lower temperatures (22–28°C). Yields are similar to those obtained with P. mnodon. P. indicus, a smaller species, is easily bred in captivity. In semi‐intensive cultures, production is slightly inferior (1.5‐2 tons/ha/year). However, P. indicus tolerates high density culture conditions (>100/m2), though at a lower growth rate (yields, 15 tons/ha/year). P. vannamei excels in intensive systems. Production, obtained in small volumes (10 m3), averages 40 tons/ha/year but results in larger volumes (100 to 1,000 m3) are still lower.
A PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A PROPOSED COMMERCIAL PENAEID SHRIMP CULTURE OPERATION1
Authors: Huang Hann‐Jin , Griffin Wade L. , Aldrich David V. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis analysis utilized the production data obtained in 1982 from ponds at the Cedar Bayou Texas A&M Mariculture Facility, east of Baytown, Texas. The Aquaculture Budget Simulation System developed at Texas A&M University was applied to create budgetary information including the net return, economic profit, break‐even quantities and prices, and net present values over a 10‐year horizon. This information was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of different stocking strategies at a proposed 76‐ha commercial penaeid shrimp culture operation. The stocking strategies consist of monoculture of Penaeus stylirostris at 10 and 20/m2 respectively and polyculture of P. stylirostris with P. vannamei at two ratios (3:1 and 1:3) with a total density of 20/m2.The results indicated that only the polyculture of 75% P. vannamei with 25% P. stylirostris is economically profitable. This stocking strategy yields an economic profit of $54,589 for the first year of operation. The break‐even production of 1,526 kg/ha is less than the expected annual production of 1,919 kg/ha. The break‐even price of $6.11/kg is less than the market price of $8.23/kg. The net present value is $839,424 over 10 years considering the beginning $20,000 cash and 20% of the total investment as owner's investment. The payback occurred following the second year's harvest.
DISEASES OF WILD, CAPTIVE AND CULTURED SCALLOPS
Authors: Leibovitz L. , Schott E. F. , Karney R. C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMass mortalities of wild, captive and cultured scallops have been frequently reported. The cailses of such mortalities and population fluctuations have not been established. A review of specific diseases of scallops is presented and the following newly reported diseases are discussed. Odostomia spp. and Polydora spp. are important predators and shell inhabitants of captive and cultured scallops. Rickettsial infections in the bay scallop are reported. Bacterial infections, especially vibriosis, are common in cultured scallop larvae. Protozoan infections and fouling are common and may be pathogenic. These include algal infections of mantle tissue, environmental dinoflagellate blooms (e.g., Prorocentrum spp.), renal coccidia, Hexamita spp., trichodina‐like organisms, and others. A variety of helminth parasites, especially in adductor muscle tissues, are of public health importance. Fouling organisms are common in captive and cultured populations. Sabellaria vulgaris, a polychaete, is an important lethal fouling agent for wild bay scallops.Motile scallops differ from many other bivalves by their anatomical and physiological predisposition to traumatic injuries, fouling and predation.Specific diseases can be most readily observed in captive and cultured populations, increasing our understanding of diseases of wild stock and young larval and juvenile stages.
IMPROVING MARKET COORDINATION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AN AQUACULTURAL INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CATFISH INDUSTRY IN ALABAMA
Authors: Mims Steve D. , Sullivan Gregory M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA major criterion for successful development of an aquacultural industry is to achieve sustained and smooth expansion. Orderly growth can be accomplished through improved coordination of information and product flows from producers to consumers. This study focuses on the catfish industry in Alabama as an example of ways to improve market coordination beneficial to development of the industry. The Alabama catfish industry has grown rapidly over the last decade and is concentrated in six West Alabama counties. Two large processing plants currently operate in close proximity to each other, obtaining catfish from approximately 200 producers. A “mirror image” field survey was designed to obtain information from both processors and producers. Three management personnel from each plant were interviewed. A cross section of 39 large‐ to small‐scale producers were interviewed who own 70% of the total catfish production pond acreage in five of the counties. The study of market coordination between catfish producers and processors in West Alabama reveals areas of agreement and disagreement in operation of the current system. Producers and processors were in agreement on preferred sizes of fish and the importance of “on‐flavor” taste of catfish. Establishment of a producers' cooperative feed mill and increased market promotion were agreed upon as critical prerequisites to expansion of the catfish industry. Producers and processors disagreed on the following major points: pricing mechanisms and agreements, time lag for payments to producers by processors, advance scheduling of harvest, elimination of “hold‐over” fish, liability for catfish at harvest, pricing contracts and communication. Lack of communication was agreed to be the most common reason for most differences of opinion. A bargaining association could improve coordination between producers and processors without jeopardizing a firm's ability to do business.
BLACK DRUM X RED DRUM HYBRIDIZATION AND GROWTH
Authors: Henderson‐Arzapalo Anne , Colura Robert L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTHybridization, development, juvenile growth in ponds, and morphological characteristics of black drum (Pogonias cromis) female x red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) male hybrids are described. Hormone (HCG) injection was used to induce ovulation in a field collected black drum. Spermatogenesis was induced in a laboratory maintained red drum by temperature and photoperiod manipulation. Hybridization was accomplished by strip‐spawning with a fertilization rate of 66%. Hatching began 30 hours post‐fertilization at 21–22°C, and mean total length of newly hatched fry was 1.6 mm. Mouthpart development was complete 58 hours post‐hatch, at which time larval fish were stocked into a 0.8 hectare fertilized pond. After 34 days, mean total length was 33.1 mm and survival was 16.6%. Approximately 13,000 hybrids were retained, fed commercial salmon feed, and harvested after 197 days. Mean total length at harvest was 189 mm. Mean daily growth rate was 0.81 mm/day while the food conversion efficiency was 1.9. Hybrid pigmentation patterns, number of anal rays, and the number of gill rakers were intermediate between the parent species.
CULTURING THE SPINY OYSTER, Saccostrea echinata, IN AMBON, INDONESIA
Authors: Angell Charles L. , Tetelepta J. , Smith Lynwood S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA demonstration project for the small‐scale culture of Saccostrea echinata was set up in Ambon Bay, Indonesia, and operated from May 1981 to July 1983. Four cultch materials were tested for setting of natural seed. Asbestos‐cement gave good results, but a cement‐palm fiber composite was later found to be equally effective and more economical. The minimum grow‐out was 19 months. Meat yield varied from 26 to 140 grams per collector. Cooked meats were processed for local consumption.The projected family farm would consist of 2,500 collectors occupying an area of 1/4 ha. Total meat yield would be 175 kg. The internal rate of return for such a farm was estimated to be 26.97%.
SURVIVAL AND PRODUCTION OF ONE‐ AND SEVEN‐DAY‐OLD STRIPED BASS LARVAE IN HATCHERY PONDS
Authors: Harrell Reginal M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTProduction of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) historically has been initiated by stocking five‐ to 15‐day‐old larvae. Age of stocking was based on the fact that developmentally these larvae were more advanced and should have a better chance of survival than those less than five days old (prolarvae). This need to stock more advanced larvae to improve probability of survival has not been demonstrated thoroughly.Survival and production of one‐day‐old and seven‐day‐old striped bass larvae stocked in triplicate rearing ponds during two hatchery seasons were compared. Evidence obtained indicates larval striped bass may not need a lotic environment to survive their earliest life stages as previously believed. Survival, total weight, number harvested, and mean daily growth were two to three times better for the one‐day‐old larvae than sibling seven‐day‐old larvae.Results of these findings indicate striped bass culturist may successfully stock larvae under the right conditions at an earlier age than previously believed. These striped bass hatchery management implications and benefits of these findings are presented and compared with previous findings.
CULTURE OF FISHES OF THE GENUS Trachinotus (CARANGIDAE) IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Jory Darryl E. , Iversen E. S. , Lewis R. H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTCarangid fishes of the genus Trachinotus have received much attention as mariculture candidates. Foremost among these is the Florida pompano (T. carolinus), which drew considerable research attention in Florida and Alabama that culminated in several business‐sponsored, intensive but uneconomical attempts to commercially culture pompano in south Florida and the Dominican Republic from the 1960's through the mid‐1970's. These attempts, however, demonstrated the biological feasibility of rearing pompano. Recently renewed interest has developed in commercially culturing pompano and two related species, Atlantic permit (T. falcatus) and palometa (T. goodei). Research on Trachinotus spp. in Martinique, Venezuela and Miami, Florida, is summarized, together with problems and prospects for commercial culture of these species.
SPAWNING AND CULTURE OF SHORTNOSE STURGEON,Acipenser brevirostrum1
Authors: Smith Theodore I. J. , Dingley Edward K. , Lindsey Robert D. , Van Sant Scott B. , Smiley Robert A. , Stokes Alvin D. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn 1983 and 1984, the endangered shortnose sturgeon,Acipenser brevirostrum, was successfully spawned and progeny reared as part of a cooperative culture program between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of South Carolina. Wild‐caught adults were induced to spawn through injection of either carp or sturgeon pituitaries. Ovulated eggs were removed through an abdominal incision or through manual stripping. In one case, an uninjected female spawned in a tank with ripe males. Hatching began at 111–121 hours at 20°C and 136 hours at 18°C. Fish hatched at a mean size of 9.6 mm TL and grew to 28.9 mm by day 35.Tank‐held spawned brood stock and wild‐caught non‐brood stock decreased in size in spite of the availability of natural foods, however, pond‐held adults grew in size.
EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR FISHERY MARKET TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: AQUACULTURE ALTERNATIVES
Authors: Street D. R. , Sullivan G. M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTFishery products represent one alternative to improve nutrition levels for low‐income consumers. Governments and aid organizations in Less Developed Countries often attempt to help low‐income consumers and simultaneously to improve fishery marketing operations. Increased market stability beneficial to sellers and/or high‐income consumers of fishery products may have serious distributional consequences in an equity context which completely eliminate low‐income consumers from purchasing products. Aquacultural alternatives are discussed as means to satisfy low‐income demands and raise incomes of sellers of fishery products.
THE EFFECT OF EYESTALK ABLATION ON SPERMATOPHORE AND SPERM QUALITY INPenaeus vannamei
Authors: Leung‐Trujillo Joanna K. , Lawrence A. L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of eyestalk ablation on spermatophore and sperm quality inPenaeus vannameiwere investigated in bilaterally, unilaterally, and unablated males stocked at a 1:1 ratio with unilaterally ablated females. Males were evaluated for sperm quality by determining sperm count, percent live sperm and percent abnormal sperm from males at the initiation of the experiment (baseline), and at the end of the 104‐day experimental period. The bilateral treatment group was terminated at 56 days, due to excessive mortality. Data indicate that unilateral ablation enhances gonad weight, gonad index and spermatophore weight. Of critical importance is the fact that unilaterally ablated males demonstrated a significantly higher mean sperm count (81.8 million) than both the unablated controls (31.9 million) and the bilaterally ablated males (39.4 million). Additionally, neither unilateral nor bilateral ablation caused a decrease in sperm quality. Sperm viability profiles (i.e., percent live, and percent abnormal) determined for all treatments were not significantly different from one another. Values determined for mean percent live sperm were: 89.0, 98.6, and 99.0%, while average percentage abnormal sperm were: 10.5, 4.5, and 3.3% respectively for the control, unilateral, and bilateral treatments. These data suggest that unilateral eyestalk ablation enhances the reproductive capabilities of males by increasing sperm count, without diminishing sperm quality. The effects of these treatment manipulations on mating and hatch rate are briefly discussed.
HEAVY METAL. CONCENTRATIONS IN SEA WATER FROM GRASS PRAWN HATCHERIES AND THE COAST OF TAIWAN
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Chu , Ting Yun‐Yuan , Lin Haun , Lian Tzong‐Chang 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTOf the 1500 million postlarvae produced last year, the average survival rate was estimated at lower than 20%. The intent of this study was to examine heavy metal as a potential contributory factor to their mortality. Although the concentrations of heavy metals in most areas were lower than the maximum permissible levels recommended by Japanese Fishery Agency and U.S. Coastal Sea Water Quality Criteria. Those hatheries with the lowest survival rates, however, were at Chyijin peninsula of Kaohsiung where the waters contained significantly high concentrations of iron and heavy metals.Since most of the prawn hatchery farmers buried the inlet pipe under the sand beach and pumped the sea water from beneath the ground in the tidal zone instead of using coastal sea water directly, both waters were analyzed. The results indicated that except for manganese, the heavy metals in the coastal sea water were in higher concentrations than those in underground sea water. The higher manganese concentration found in the underground sea water was probably caused by dissolution from the manganese‐containing sediments. Pretreatment of sea water before use was recommended.
ARTIFICIAL BAITS FOR TRAPPING CRAWFISH (Procambarus spp.): FORMULATION AND ASSESSMENT
Authors: Burns Carol , Avault James W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEleven experimental crawfish (Procambarus spp.) baits, a commercial bait (Purina), and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) were evaluated. Experimental baits consisted of attractant (fish solubles, menhaden [Brevoortia patronus] meal, and crawfish waste, alone or in combination), binder (wheat flour and wheat middlings), and carrier (rice bran and sugarcane bagasse). Baits were field tested two consecutive days each week from 9 January through 27 May 1984. Total number and total weight (±l g) of crawfish caught in each trap were recorded. Mean number and weight of crawfish caught for each cent of bait used was determined.The level of fish solubles (0, 5, 10%) in a bait did not significantly (P> 0.05) affect mean number and weight of crawfish caught. Mean number and weight of crawfish caught increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing levels (0, 15, 25%) of menhaden meal. Crawfish waste (20 and 30%) baits did not differ (P> 0.05) in mean number and weight caught.