bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Obturator Foramen Suggests No Differences Between Sexes in Young Bovines
Authors: Parés‐Casanova P. M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryAmong the numerous bovine pelvic traits displaying sex differences, no detailed studies of bovine obturator foramen are available in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this work was to study quantitatively this structure using lineal biometrics, shape indexes and Fourier analysis. The material consisted of 60 hemicoxae belonging to young bovines of approximately 1 year of age. Although significant differences were found in area, perimeter and length of obturator foramen, none of the analyses used were able to differentiate between sexes and thus cannot be used as a natural trait for determining sex, at least in young bovines.
Contrasting functional trait syndromes underlay woody alien success in the same ecosystem
Authors: TECCO PAULA A. , URCELAY CARLOS , DÍAZ SANDRA , CABIDO MARCELO , PÉREZ‐HARGUINDEGUY NATALIA 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe performed a comprehensive comparative study of functional traits in coexisting alien and native woody species in order to examine the strategies related to resource use and dispersion underlying alien success in mountain Chaco woodlands of central Argentina. Our approach integrated seemingly contrasting pieces of evidence in the region. We specifically assessed whether (i) the ‘functional acquisitive trend’ previously observed along a broad environmental gradient accounts for woody alien naturalization when considering a single mesic ecosystem; or (ii) more than one trait syndrome is important among alien species, which would be more in line with the context‐dependent nature of biological invasions at a local scale. Fifteen vegetative and regenerative traits were measured on the most common 14 native and 11 alien woody species. We compared the attributes of (i) native and alien species and (ii) between native species and two contrasting groups of alien species identified in the previous analysis. The overall trait comparison (i) showed that, in terms of vegetative attributes, woody alien species tend to be on average more acquisitive than native species. However, (ii) two contrasting syndromes were revealed among alien species: a group of seven deciduous species with acquisitive attributes; and a group of four evergreen species showing markedly more conservative attributes than the first group. The functional attributes of ‘conservative aliens’ completely overlapped with the range observed for native species, except for an exclusive dispersal phenology and a stronger tendency to clonal spread. Acquisitive aliens, in turn, proved to be beyond the range of attributes of native species, at the acquisitive extreme, as they did in previous comparisons. Despite their importance, general trends in plant functional attributes across regions and ecosystems can sometimes obscure trends at more local scales that are nevertheless important for the understanding and management of particular systems. Our study concurs with previous general trends when looking at the overall comparison between native and alien species, but unveils contrasting functional strategies among alien species when examining their attributes more closely, even within the same ecosystem.
An updated prostate cancer staging nomogram (Partin tables) based on cases from 2006 to 2011
Authors: Eifler John B. , Feng Zhaoyang , Lin Brian M. , Partin Michael T. , Humphreys Elizabeth B. , Han Misop , Epstein Jonathan I. , Walsh Patrick C. , Trock Bruce J. , Partin Alan W. 
Published: July 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Pathological stage after radical prostatectomy can be accurately predicted by serum prostate‐specific antigen level, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason sum, the ‘Partin tables’.
Since the previous publication of the Partin tables, an updated Gleason scoring system has been established and incremental changes have occurred in the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The current analysis updates the Partin nomogram in a contemporary cohort of patients.
Objective
To update the 2007 Partin tables in a contemporary patient population.
Patients and MethodsThe study population consisted of 5,629 consecutive men who underwent RP and staging lymphadenectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 1, 2006 and July 30, 2011 and met inclusion criteria.
Polychotomous logistic regression analysis was used to predict the probability of each pathologic stage category: organ‐confined disease (OC), extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesicle involvement (SV+), or lymph node involvement (LN+) based on preoperative criteria.
Preoperative variables included biopsy Gleason score (6, 3+4, 4+3, 8, and 9–10), serum PSA (0–2.5, 2.6–4.0, 4.1–6.0, 6.1–10.0, greater than 10.0 ng/mL), and clinical stage (T1c, T2c, and T2b/T2c).
Bootstrap re‐sampling with 1000 replications was performed to estimate 95% confidence intervals for predicted probabilities of each pathologic state.
Results
The median PSA was 4.9 ng/mL, 63% had Gleason 6 disease, and 78% of men had T1c disease.
73% of patients had OC disease, 23% had EPE, 3% had SV+ but not LN+, and 1% had LN+ disease. Compared to the previous Partin nomogram, there was no change in the distribution of pathologic state.
The risk of LN+ disease was significantly higher for tumours with biopsy Gleason 9–10 than Gleason 8 (O.R. 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.6).
The c‐indexes for EPE vs. OC, SV+ vs. OC, and LN+ vs. OC were 0.702, 0.853, and 0.917, respectively.
Men with biopsy Gleason 4+3 and Gleason 8 had similar predicted probabilities for all pathologic stages.
Most men presenting with Gleason 6 disease or Gleason 3+4 disease have <2% risk of harboring LN+ disease and may have lymphadenectomy omitted at RP.
Conclusions
The distribution of pathologic stages did not change at our institution between 2000–2005 and 2006–2011.
The updated Partin nomogram takes into account the updated Gleason scoring system and may be more accurate for contemporary patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.
BAYESIAN PREDICTION FOR SPATIAL GENERALISED LINEAR MIXED MODELS WITH CLOSED SKEW NORMAL LATENT VARIABLES
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Mohammadzadeh Mohsen 
Published: July 2012

SummarySpatial generalised linear mixed models are used commonly for modelling non‐Gaussian discrete spatial responses. In these models, the spatial correlation structure of data is modelled by spatial latent variables. Most users are satisfied with using a normal distribution for these variables, but in many applications it is unclear whether or not the normal assumption holds. This assumption is relaxed in the present work, using a closed skew normal distribution for the spatial latent variables, which is more flexible and includes normal and skew normal distributions. The parameter estimates and spatial predictions are calculated using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is analysed via two simulation studies, followed by a case study in which practical aspects are dealt with. The proposed model appears to give a smaller cross‐validation mean square error of the spatial prediction than the normal prior in modelling the temperature data set.
Written on the body? Individual differences between British adults who do and do not obtain a first tattoo
Authors: SWAMI VIREN 
Published: July 2012

Swami, V. (2012). Written on the body? Individual differences between British adults who do and do not obtain a first tattoo. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 407–412.This study compared individual psychological differences of individuals who do and not obtain their first tattoo. A total of 136 British residents visiting a tattoo parlour completed measures of the Big Five personality factors, Sensation Seeking, Need for Uniqueness, distinctive appearance investment, attitudes to authority, and sociosexual orientation. As compared to individuals who did not subsequently obtain a tattoo, individuals that did were significantly less conscientious, more extraverted, more willing to engage in sexual relations in the absence of commitment, and had higher scores on sensation seeking, Need for Uniqueness, and distinctive appearance investment. The effect sizes of uncovered differences were small‐to‐moderate (ηp2 = .07–.14). These results are discussed in relation to the mainstreaming of tattoos in contemporary, post‐industrialised societies.
Eating‐related problems among 13‐15 year old Swedish adolescents: Frequency and stability over a one‐year period
Authors: VIBORG NJÖRDUR , WÅNGBY‐LUNDH MARGIT , LUNDH LARS‐GUNNAR , JOHNSSON PER 
Published: July 2012

Viborg, N., Wångby‐Lundh, M., Lundh, L.‐G. & Johnsson P. (2012). Eating‐related problems among 13‐15 year old Swedish adolescents: Frequency and stability over a one‐year period. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 401–406.The frequency of eating‐related problems in young adolescents, and their stability over a one‐year period, was studied by the RiBED‐8 (Risk Behaviours related to Eating Disorders, 8 items) in a community sample of 13–15 year old adolescents who took part in a prospective study with a 2‐wave longitudinal design. The RiBED‐8 was found to have good reliability and construct validity among the girls, although it did not show equally convincing psychometric properties among boys. With a cut‐off of at least three critical answers on the RiBED‐8, 28.5–31.0% of the girls were seen as risk cases for the development of eating disorder. Of those girls who were risk cases at Time 1, a majority (68.8%) remained so at Time 2; of those girls who were not risk cases at Time 1, 16.1% became risk cases at Time 2. It is suggested that the RiBED‐8 is a brief, easily administered instrument that may be potentially useful in screening for eating‐related problems among girls.
THE ASSIMILATION ARGUMENT AND THE ROLLBACK ARGUMENT
Authors: FRANKLIN CHRISTOPHER EVAN 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSeth Shabo has presented a new argument that attempts to codify familiar worries about indeterminism, luck, and control. His ‘Assimilation Argument’ contends that libertarians cannot distinguish overtly randomized outcomes from exercises of free will. Shabo claims that the argument possesses advantages over the Mind Argument and Rollback Argument, which also purport to establish that indeterminism is incompatible with free will. I argue first that the Assimilation Argument presents no new challenges over and above those presented by the Rollback Argument, and second that the Rollback Argument itself neither presents a deep challenge to, nor raises the cost of, accepting libertarianism.
Relational Governance and the Formation of a New Economic Space: The Case of Teheran Valley, Seoul, Korea
Authors: Jung Namji 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article articulates the relational capacity of the nation‐state, and its role in the growth of information and communication technology (ICT) entrepreneurs and industry cluster formation. In particular, it emphasizes the state's strategic coupling with the private sector and social groups as the main forces that facilitated the rise of ICT entrepreneurs and the high‐technology industry cluster in Teheran Valley (TV) in Seoul, Korea, during the post‐1997 financial‐crisis downturn. Historical analysis shows that the seemingly serendipitous rise of TV is an outcome of the dynamic interplay between the state, ICT entrepreneurs and other social forces in the post‐industrial restructuring process. Importantly, while the Korean state still maintained its role as a reformer of industry structure, it continuously and flexibly revised its mode of governing in response to technological change and social demands, forming a governance system that I term ‘relational governance’. During the industrial upgrading period from 1980 to the early 2000s, the governance system for the ICT sector shifted from centralized planning to selective deregulation through close partnership with ICT entrepreneurs, and then later to a more flexible mode of governance whereby the state re‐centralized ICT policymaking functions while devising indirect ways of supporting emerging small and medium ICT enterprises.RésuméCet article expose la capacité relationnelle de l'État‐nation, ainsi que son rôle dans le développement de pôles industriels et d'entreprises innovantes des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC). Il insiste notamment sur la combinaison stratégique de l'État avec le secteur privé et les groupes sociaux, principaux moteurs ayant facilité l'épanouissement des entreprises des TIC et du pôle de haute technologie de Teheran Valley, à Séoul, lors du ralentissement liéà la crise financière de 1997. Une analyse historique montre que l'essor apparemment providentiel de Teheran Valley résulte de l'interaction entre État, entreprises des TIC et forces sociales pendant la restructuration post‐industrielle. Il faut noter que, si l'État coréen a conservé son rôle de réformateur de l'architecture industrielle, il n'a cessé de corriger son mode de gouvernement face à l'évolution technologique et aux exigences sociales, aboutissant à un système qualifié ici de ‘gouvernance relationnelle’. Durant la phase de revalorisation de l'industrie, entre 1980 et le début des années 2000, le système de gouvernance du secteur des TIC est passé d'une planification centralisée à une déréglementation sélective grâce à un partenariat étroit avec les entreprises du secteur, puis à un assouplissement du mode de gouvernance qui a permis à l'État de recentraliser les décisions stratégiques en matière de TIC, tout en créant des moyens indirects de soutenir les petites et moyennes entreprises nouvelles du secteur.
How should flow‐mediated dilation be normalized to its stimulus?
Authors: Stoner Lee , Tarrant Michael A. , Fryer Simon , Faulkner James 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation test (FMD) is the non‐invasive gold‐standard used to assess endothelial function. Reduced FMD is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis and provides a marker for predicting future cardiovascular disease events. Despite its widespread popularity and proven validity, the FMD test is limited by poor reliability. There are three major limitations associated with the standard FMD methodology: (i) inappropriate expression of FMD, (ii) measurement variance associated with a short‐lived FMD response and (iii) most studies fail to account for the FMD stimulus. A series of relatively simple statistical practices can be adopted to account for these limitations. In particular, we suggest that endothelial function be estimated using shear rate–diameter dose–response curves, which can be statistically analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. The use of dose–response curves could potentially improve measurement reliability and validity.
Drivers of Change in Hunter Offtake and Hunting Strategies in Sendje, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Gill David J. C. , Fa Julia E. , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Kümpel Noëlle F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEconomic development in Africa is expected to increase levels of bushmeat hunting through rising demand for meat and improved transport infrastructure. However, few studies have tracked long‐term changes in hunter behavior as a means of testing this prediction. We evaluated changes in hunter behavior in a rural community in Equatorial Guinea over a period of rapid national economic growth, during which time road access to the regional capital greatly improved. We conducted offtake surveys (Supporting Information) over 3 7‐week periods at the same time of year in 1998, 2003, and 2010 and conducted hunter and household interviews (Supporting Information) in 2003 and 2010. We tested whether relations existed among catch, hunting effort, hunting strategy, and income earned through hunting and other livelihoods in 2003 and 2010. Although village offtake increased from 1775 kg in 1998 to 4172 kg in 2003, it decreased in 2010 to 1361 kg. Aggregate catch per unit effort (i.e., number of carcasses caught per hunter and per trap) decreased from 2003 to 2010, and the majority of hunters reported a decrease in abundance of local fauna. Although these results are indicative of unsustainable hunting, cumulative changes in offtake and catch per unit effort were driven by a contraction in the total area hunted following an out‐migration of 29 of the village's hunters, most of whom left to gain employment in the construction industry, after 2003. Hunters operating in both 2003 and 2010 hunted closer to the village because an increased abundance of elephants posed a danger and because they desired to earn income through other activities. Our study provides an example of national economic development contributing to a reduction in the intensity and extent of hunting.Factores de Cambio en la Captura de Cazadores y Estrategias de Caza en Sendje, Guinea Ecuatorial
Heart Rate Variability Assessment of the Effect of Physical Training on Autonomic Cardiac Control
Authors: Grant Catharina C. , Viljoen Margaretha , Janse van Rensburg D.C. , Wood Paola S. 
Published: July 2012

Background: The effect of exercise interventions on autonomic nervous system (ANS) control of the heart by heart rate variability (HRV) is often investigated in just one position. It was hypothesized that results of exercise‐induced changes on ANS are dependent on body position and that it is possible to distinguish between exercise induced changes in vagal and sympathetic influence by taking measurements in different body positions.Methods: One hundred eighty‐three (male = 100, female = 83) healthy volunteers, between 18 and 22 years, participated in a prospective twelve week medium to high intensity exercise intervention study with a self‐control design. The influence of the exercise intervention was investigated on supine, rising, and standing as well as on the orthostatic response. Time domain, frequency domain and nonlinear (Poincaré) HRV analysis were performed.Results: The exercise intervention lead to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in vagal influence during supine, rising, and standing. Sympathetic control in the supine position was decreased and increased during rising and standing. In the initial orthostatic response to rising from the supine position, the exercise intervention lead to increased (P < 0.05) vagal withdrawal as well as increased sympathetic control. The orthostatic response measured as the difference between standing and supine indicated only an exercise induced increase in sympathetic control.Conclusions: Exercise‐induced changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS control differ, depending on posture and period of measurement. Exercise induced changes in parasympathetic and sympathetic outflow, respectively, can be extracted from measurements from supine, through the orthostatic response, to standing, thereby detecting changes in ANS that are otherwise obscured.
T‐Wave Amplitude Is Related to Physical Fitness Status
Authors: Arbel Yaron , Birati Edo Y. , Shapira Itzhak , Topilsky Yan , Wirguin Michal , Canaani Jonathan 
Published: July 2012

Background: Abnormalities in repolarization may reflect underlying myocardial pathology and play a prominent role in arrhythmogenesis The T‐wave amplitude has been associated with cardiovascular outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) Additionally, T‐wave amplitude is considered a predictor of arrhythmias, as well as being related to an individual's inflammatory status. The combined influence of different variables, such as inflammation, cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness status, on the T‐wave amplitude has not been evaluated to date. The aim of this study was to identify factors that affect the T‐wave amplitude.Methods: Data from 255 consecutive apparently healthy individuals included in the Tel Aviv Medical Center Inflammation Survey (TAMCIS) were reviewed. All patients had undergone a physical examination and an exercise stress test, and different inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers (fibrinogen, potassium, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) were measured.Results: Multivariate stepwise analysis revealed that the body mass index and the resting heart rate were significantly associated with the T‐wave amplitude (β=−0.34, P < 0.001; β=−0.19, P = 0.03, respectively) in males, while the recovery rate and the usage of statins significantly affected the T‐wave amplitude in females (β= 0.36, P = 0.002; β= 0.35, P = 0.002, respectively). Inflammatory variables had no significant affect on the T‐wave amplitude of either gender.Conclusions: In conclusion, the T‐wave amplitude is linked to an individual's physical fitness and not to his/her inflammatory status.
Melanocytic lesions with eczematous reaction (Meyerson's phenomenon) – a histopathologic analysis of 64 cases
Authors: Pižem Jože , Stojanovič Larisa , Luzar Boštjan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundEczematous (spongiotic) reaction in melanocytic lesions (Meyerson's phenomenon) has not been systematically analyzed and has not been convincingly documented in melanoma.MethodsWe analyzed 64 consecutive melanocytic lesions with spongiotic reaction, occurring in 57 patients (age range 14–81 years; mean, 39 years; 30 females, 27 males) including 16 common acquired nevi, 3 nevi with congenital features, 2 Spitz nevi, 29 dysplastic nevi, 6 in situ and 8 invasive melanomas.ResultsThe intensity of the spongiotic reaction was graded as mild in 24 (38%), moderate in 22 (34%) and marked in 18 (28%) lesions. It was moderate/marked in 6 of 14 (43%) in situ or invasive melanomas. Upward migration of melanocytes in the epidermis was noted in 7 (33%) non‐dysplastic and 10 (34%) dysplastic nevi but was generally limited to the lower half of the epidermis. Moderate/severe cytologic atypia was found in 14 (48%) dysplastic nevi and all melanomas but not in non‐dysplastic nevi.ConclusionsProminent spongiotic reaction with eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate can affect all types of melanocytic lesions. Upward migration involving the uppermost layers of the epidermis, especially when extensive and present in areas with a less pronounced spongiotic reaction, and moderate/severe cytologic atypia indicate a melanoma.
Discovery of the novel HLA‐DRB1*09:01:08 allele in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor and identification of the probable HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 haplotype in association with DRB1*09:01:08
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lee S. K. , Yang S. Y. , Kao R. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWe report here the novel variant of HLA‐DRB1*09:01, DRB1*09:01:08, discovered in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor by a sequence‐based typing (SBT) method. The DNA sequence of DRB1*09:01:08 is identical to the sequence of DRB1*09:01:02 in exon 2 except a silent mutation at nucleotide position 261(C→T) (GCC→GCT at codon 58). We hypothesize DRB1*09:01:08 was probably derived from DRB1*09:01:02 via a nucleotide point mutation event. The plausible HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 haplotype in association with DRB1*09:01:08 was deduced as A*02:07‐B*46:01‐DRB1*09:01:08.