bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital nurse practice environment, burnout, job outcomes and quality of care: test of a structural equation model
Authors: Van Bogaert Peter , Meulemans Herman , Clarke Sean , Vermeyen Karel , Van de Heyning Paul 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Hospital nurse practice environment, burnout, job outcomes and quality of care: test of a structural equation model. Aim.  The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between nurse practice environment, burnout, job outcomes and nurse‐assessed quality of care.Background.  A growing line of work confirms that, in countries with distinctly different healthcare systems, nurses report similar shortcomings in their work environments and the quality of care in hospitals. Neither the specific work environment factors most involved in dissatisfaction, burnout and other negative job outcomes, and patient outcomes, nor the mechanisms tying nurse job outcomes to quality of care are well understood.Method.  A Nurse Practice Environment and Outcome causal structure involving pathways between practice environment dimensions and outcome variables with components of burnout in a mediating position was developed. Survey data from 401 staff nurses across 31 units in two hospitals (including the Revised Nursing Work Index, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and job outcome and nurse‐assessed quality of care variables) were used to test this model using structural equation modelling techniques. The data were collected from December 2006 to January 2007.Results.  Goodness of fit statistics confirmed an improved model with burnout dimensions in mediating positions between nurse practice environment dimensions and both job outcomes and nurse‐assessed quality of care, explaining 20% and 46% of variation in these two indicators, respectively.Conclusion.  These findings suggest that hospital organizational properties, including nurse–physician relations, are related to quality of care assessments, and to the outcomes of job satisfaction and turnover intentions, with burnout dimensions appearing to play mediating roles. Additionally, a direct relationship between assessments of care quality and management at the unit level was observed.
Healthcare routines of university students with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Balfe Myles 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Healthcare routines of university students with Type 1 diabetes. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study examining the benefits that university students with Type 1 diabetes associate with diabetes self‐care routines, and the barriers that they experience in enacting self‐care routines in the university environment.Background.  Many young adults with Type 1 diabetes attend university, and it is thought that these students might experience difficulties with their self‐care routines while they are there.Method.  A qualitative method was chosen to explore students’ own perspectives. Seventeen students with diabetes were interviewed twice, and each kept a research diary for a 2‐week period. Interviews and diaries were analyzed using standard qualitative techniques. The study was conducted in 2004–2005.Findings.  Routines had a number of identity‐producing benefits for students. However, students often experienced difficulties routinizing their self‐care practices at university. These difficulties stemmed both from the irregular nature of university life and from students’ desires not to let their diabetes interfere with their student lives. Most participants learned to adjust to university and enact self‐care routines, although they could still experience routine difficulties during times of transition and stress.Conclusion.  Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the difficulties that university students with Type 1 diabetes experience with their self‐care routines. This awareness needs to encompass older students in the second, third and fourth years of their undergraduate degrees and postgraduate students as well as students in their first year at university.
The theory of music, mood and movement to improve health outcomes
Authors: Murrock Carolyn J. , Higgins Patricia A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  The theory of music, mood and movement to improve health outcomes. Aim.  This paper presents a discussion of the development of a middle‐range nursing theory of the effects of music on physical activity and improved health outcomes.Background.  Due to the high rate of physical inactivity and the associated negative health outcomes worldwide, nurses need new evidence‐based theories and interventions to increase physical activity.Data sources.  The theory of music, mood and movement (MMM) was developed from physical activity guidelines and music theory using the principles of statement and theory synthesis. The concepts of music, physical activity and health outcomes were searched using the CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases covering the years 1975–2008.Discussion.  The theory of MMM was synthesized by combining the psychological and physiological responses of music to increase physical activity and improve health outcomes. It proposes that music alters mood, is a cue for movement, and makes physical activity more enjoyable leading to improved health outcomes of weight, blood pressure, blood sugar and cardiovascular risk factor management, and improved quality of life.Conclusion.  As it was developed from the physical activity guidelines, the middle‐range theory is prescriptive, produces testable hypotheses, and can guide nursing research and practice. The middle‐range theory needs to be tested to determine its usefulness for nurses to develop physical activity programmes to improve health outcomes across various cultures.
Nurses’ role in detecting deterioration in ward patients: systematic literature review
Authors: Odell Mandy , Victor Christina , Oliver David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTitle.  Nurses’ role in detecting deterioration in ward patients: systematic literature review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a review conducted to identify and critically evaluate research investigating nursing practice in detecting and managing deteriorating general ward patients.Background.  Failure to recognize or act on deterioration of general ward patients has resulted in the implementation of early warning scoring systems and critical care outreach teams. The evidence of effectiveness of these systems is unclear. Possible mechanisms for low effectiveness may be inconsistent recording of patient observations by ward staff, or inconsistent application of ‘calling criteria’ for outreach teams, even when observations have been recorded.Methods.  The literature was searched between 1990 and 2007 using four sources: electronic databases, reference lists, key reports and experts in the field. Three broad search categories were used: nursing observations, physiological deterioration and general ward patients. All research designs describing nursing observations (vital signs) on deteriorating adult patients in general hospital wards were included.Results.  Fourteen studies met the inclusion and quality criteria. The findings were grouped into four main themes: recognition; recording and reviewing; reporting; and responding and rescuing. The main findings suggest that intuition plays an important part in nurses’ detection of deterioration, and vital signs are used to validate intuitive feelings. The process is highly complex and influenced by many factors, including the experience and education of bedside nurses and their relationship with medical staff.Conclusion.  Greater understanding of the context within which deterioration is detected and reported will facilitate the design of more effective education and support systems.
Influence of climate and reproductive timing on demography of little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus
Authors: Frick Winifred F. , Reynolds D. Scott , Kunz Thomas H. 
Published: September 2009

Summary 1. Estimating variation in demographic rates, such as survival and fecundity, is important for testing life‐history theory and identifying conservation and management goals. 2. We used 16 years (1993–2008) of mark–recapture data to estimate age‐specific survival and breeding probabilities of the little brown myotis Myotis lucifugus LeConte in southern New Hampshire, USA. Using Kendall & Nichols' (1995) full‐likelihood approach of the robust design to account for temporary emigration, we tested whether survival and breeding propensity is influenced by regional weather patterns and timing of reproduction. 3. Our results demonstrate that adult female survival of M. lucifugus ranged from 0·63 (95% CL = 0·56, 0·68) to 0·90 (95% CL = 0·77, 0·94), and was highest in wet years with high cumulative summer precipitation. First‐year survival [range: 0·23 (95% CL = 0·14, 0·35) to 0·46 (95% CL = 0·34, 0·57)] was considerably lower than adult survival and depended on pup date of birth, such that young born earlier in the summer (c. late May) had a significantly higher probability of surviving their first year than young born later in the summer (c. mid‐July). Similarly, the probability of young females returning to the maternity colony to breed in the summer following their birth year was higher for individuals born earlier in the summer [range: 0·23 (95% CL = 0·08, 0·50) to 0·53 (95% CL = 0·30, 0·75)]. 4. The positive influence of early parturition on 1st‐year survival and breeding propensity demonstrates significant fitness benefits to reproductive timing in this temperate insectivorous bat. 5. Climatic factors can have important consequences for population dynamics of temperate bats, which may be negatively affected by summer drying patterns associated with global climate change. 6. Understanding long‐term demographic trends will be important in the face of a novel disease phenomenon (White‐Nose Syndrome) that is associated with massive mortalities in hibernating bat species, including M. lucifugus, in the northeastern United States.
Structured review: evaluating the effectiveness of nurse case managers in improving health outcomes in three major chronic diseases
Authors: Sutherland Debbie , Hayter Mark 
Published: September 2009

Aim.  This paper presents the findings of a review and appraisal of the evidence for the effectiveness of nurse case management in improving health outcomes for patients living either with Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Coronary Heart Disease.Background.  Long term chronic health conditions provide some of the greatest challenges to western health care systems. In the UK, three of the most significant chronic conditions are Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Coronary Heart Disease. Patients with these long term conditions are high users of health services who often receive unplanned, poorly co‐ordinated, ad‐hoc care in response to an exacerbation or crisis. To counter this, the nurse case manager is identified as a central aspect of improving care for these patients. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of nurse case management in improving health outcomes for the chronically ill is scarce.Design.  A structured review of the literature.Method.  The review was undertaken focussing on studies that evaluated nurse case management with one or all of the three major long term chronic conditions. A total of 108 papers were initially reviewed and filtered to leave 75 citations that were appraised. About 18 papers were finally included in the review and subject to thematic analysis based on the health outcomes evaluated in the studies.Results.  Significantly positive results were reported for nurse case management impact on five health outcomes; ‘objective clinical measurements’, ‘quality of life and functionality’, ‘patient satisfaction’, ‘adherence to treatment’ and ‘self care and service use’.Relevance to clinical practice.  The evidence generated in this review suggests that nurse case managers have the potential to achieve improved health outcomes for patients with long term conditions. Further research is required to support role development and create a more targeted approach to the intervention.
Birthweight and early neonatal health: Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Ullah Anayet , Barman Arunodaya , Haque Jawadul , Khanum Merina , Bari Iqbal 
Published: September 2009

SummaryIt has been suggested that a birthweight limit of 2.5 kg should not be regarded as valid for all populations as the cut‐off point of low‐weight births because of demographic, genetic and environmental differences. Countries often choose alternative cut‐off values for low birthweight for clinical purposes. Bangladesh also needs to choose a convenient cut‐off value for low birthweight. A total of 770 live singleton full‐term normal newborns were included in this study by stratified sampling; birthweight was measured using the Detecto‐type baby weight machine. Newborns were followed up to the end of their first week of life. For data collection a pretested structured questionnaire and an Apgar Score estimating checklist were used. Chi‐square test was applied to assess the association of different birthweight strata and neonatal health outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the independent effects of different levels of birthweight on early neonatal health.The neonates having birthweight ≤2 kg had a significantly higher risk of early neonatal mortality and morbidity than the higher level birthweight group. Birth asphyxia was the commonest cause of early neonatal mortality and morbidity. Borderline birthweight (>2 to <2.5 kg) neonates experienced the same mortality and morbidity rates as the normal birthweight neonates during their early neonatal life. Birthweight ≤2 kg may be one of the criteria for admission to a neonatal intensive care unit whereas more than 2 kg may not require admission unless otherwise necessary.
Previous maternal oral contraception and the risk among subsequent offspring of asthma diagnosis in early childhood
Authors: Osman Mustafa F , Black Corri , Jick Susan , Hannaford Philip 
Published: September 2009

SummaryPrevious maternal use of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) has been linked with asthma in subsequent offspring and has been implicated in the increased prevalence of childhood asthma in recent decades. We conducted a matched case–control study to test the hypothesis that maternal OCP used close to conception is associated with asthma in the offspring, particularly in children with coexistent eczema. We examined maternal OCP exposure in relation to asthma in the offspring (n = 6730) compared with offspring with no asthma (n = 6730) further stratifying by eczema, age group, treatment category and gender of the offspring. Maternal use of OCP was classified as: no OCP use in the 2 years prior to conception; past OCP use within 2 years but >6 months before conception; and recent OCP use within 6 months of conception.The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for asthma in the offspring was 1.16 [95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.27] among mothers who were recent users of the OCP when compared with mothers who had not used the OCP. Past OCP use was not associated with asthma in the offspring. In the stratified analyses, we observed weak but statistically significant associations between recent maternal OCP use and asthma in the offspring among children: without a history of eczema (adjusted OR 1.22 [1.09, 1.36]), those aged ≤3 years (adjusted OR 1.24 [1.12, 1.37]), those not on treatment for their asthma (adjusted OR 1.33 [1.12, 1.58]) and among females (adjusted OR 1.34 [1.13, 1.51]). We did not find convincing evidence for a causal relationship between maternal OCP used close to conception and asthma in the offspring. The small statistically significant associations were not among children with characteristic features of asthma such as those with eczema and may be due to bias, uncontrolled confounding or chance.
Persistent fatigue in liver transplant recipients: a two‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Van Ginneken Berbke T.J. , Van Den Berg‐Emons Rita J.G. , Van Der Windt Anna , Tilanus Huug W. , Metselaar Herold J. , Stam Henk J. , Kazemier Geert 
Published: September 2009

van Ginneken BTJ, van den Berg‐Emons RJG, van der Windt A, Tilanus HW, Metselaar HJ, Stam HJ, Kazemier G. Persistent fatigue in liver transplant recipients: a two‐year follow‐up study. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E10–E16. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:Background:  Fatigue after liver transplantation (LTx) is a major problem that is associated with lower daily functioning and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to assess changes over time in fatigue following LTx. We also examined daily functioning and HRQoL changes over time and assessed the influence of fatigue and changes in fatigue on daily functioning and HRQoL. We determined whether sleep quality, anxiety, and depression were associated with fatigue.Methods:  We identified 70 LTx recipients who had previously participated in a cross‐sectional study and reassessed them after two yr to determine changes in level of fatigue, daily functioning, and HRQoL. We also assessed sleep quality, anxiety, and depression after two yr.Results:  Level of fatigue and level of daily functioning were unchanged at follow‐up. HRQoL domains remained stable or worsened. Fatigue was a significant predictor of daily functioning and all HRQoL domains (p < 0.01). Change in fatigue was a significant predictor of daily functioning and the HRQoL domains of “physical functioning,”“vitality,” and “pain” (p < 0.05). Sleep quality, anxiety, and depression were associated with fatigue severity (r = 0.35 to r = 0.60, p < 0.05).Conclusion:  This longitudinal study shows that fatigue is a chronic problem after LTx and that daily functioning and HRQoL do not improve over time. This study supports the need for intervention programs to address fatigue after LTx.
Two‐year follow‐up of a prospective study of circulating regulatory T cells in renal transplant patients
Authors: Segundo David San , Fernández‐Fresnedo Gema , Ruiz Juan C. , Rodrigo Emilio , Benito María J. , Arias Manuel , López‐Hoyos Marcos 
Published: September 2009

San Segundo D, Fernández‐Fresnedo G, Ruiz JC, Rodrigo E, Benito MJ, Arias M, López‐Hoyos M. Two‐year follow‐up of a prospective study of circulating regulatory T cells in renal transplant patients. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 386–393. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in alloreactivity and may be associated with protection from rejection. Their quantification in peripheral blood could guide clinicians in the management of renal transplant patients. Thus, we prospectively monitored the levels and in vitro suppression of circulating Tregs in 33 renal transplant patients from deceased donors within the first two yr of transplantation. Patients received maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mofetil mycophenolate and prednisolone. Results showed that peripheral blood Tregs were significantly lower six months after transplantation and recovered to almost basal levels at first post‐transplant year. The number of circulating Tregs increased significantly over basal levels afterwards. The decrease in circulating Tregs at six months may be explained by the high load of tacrolimus, as demonstrated by the inverse correlation between the blood concentration of Tregs and tacrolimus. Likewise, nine patients treated with anti‐CD25 antibodies showed higher numbers of Tregs at six months than those that did not, although differences were not observed later. In conclusion, circulating Tregs decrease in the first six months but recover thereafter up to two yr after kidney transplantation. Such a decrease is favored by high levels of tacrolimus but not by induction protocols with anti‐CD25.
Impact of RIFLE classification in liver transplantation
Authors: Ferreira Ana Carina , Nolasco Fernando , Carvalho Dulce , Sampaio Sandra , Baptista Alexandre , Pessegueiro Pedro , Monteiro Estela , Mourão Luís , Barroso Eduardo 
Published: September 2009

Ferreira AC, Nolasco F, Carvalho D, Sampaio S, Baptista A, Pessegueiro P, Monteiro E, Mourão L, Barroso E. Impact of RIFLE classification in liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 394–400. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Acute renal failure (ARF) is common after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of RIFLE classification in the development of CKD, hemodialysis requirement, and mortality. Patients were categorized as risk (R), injury (I) or failure (F) according to renal function at day 1, 7 and 21. Final renal function was classified according to K/DIGO guidelines. We studied 708 OLT recipients, transplanted between September 1992 and March 2007; mean age 44 ± 12.6 yr, mean follow‐up 3.6 yr (28.8%≥5 yr). Renal dysfunction before OLT was known in 21.6%. According to the RIFLE classification, ARF occurred in 33.2%: 16.8% were R class, 8.5% I class and 7.9% F class. CKD developed in 45.6%, with stages 4 or 5d in 11.3%. Mortality for R, I and F classes were, respectively, 10.9%, 13.3% and 39.3%. Severity of ARF correlated with development of CKD: stage 3 was associated with all classes of ARF, stages 4 and 5d only with severe ARF. Hemodialysis requirement (23%) and mortality were only correlated with the most severe form of ARF (F class). In conclusion, RIFLE classification is a useful tool to stratify the severity of early ARF providing a prognostic indicator for the risk of CKD occurrence and death.
Simple sequence repeat‐based diversity in elite pigeonpea genotypes for developing mapping populations to map resistance to Fusarium wilt and sterility mosaic disease
Authors: Saxena R. K. , Saxena K. B. , Kumar R. V. , Hoisington D. A. , Varshney R. K. 
Published: September 2009

With 1 figure and 3 tables AbstractIn order to maximize polymorphism in the mapping populations for mapping loci for Fusarium wilt (FW) and sterility mosaic disease (SMD) resistance in pigeonpea, a set of 32 pigeonpea lines were screened for polymorphism with 30 microsatellite or simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 23 marker loci showed polymorphism with 2–4 alleles and the polymorphism information content for these markers ranged from 0.12 to 0.65 with an average of 0.43 per marker. High number of polymorphic markers, higher genetic dissimilarity coefficient and contrasting phenotypic data taken into consideration and five parental combinations were identified and crosses initiated for developing five genetically diverse mapping populations. Of these crosses, one cross segregates for FW resistance, two for SMD resistance and the remaining two crosses segregate for resistance to both FW and SMD. Development of mapping populations is in progress for mapping loci for resistance to FW and SMD in pigeonpea.