bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI CAMPURAN TEPUNG SAGU-TEPUNG TAPIOKA DAN KONSENTRASI KITOSAN PADA KARAKTERISTIK BAKSO DAGING IKAN LELE
Authors: Arianus Arianus , Sasongko Pramono 
Published: June 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kosentrasi kitosan terbaik yang mampu meningkatkan masa simpan bakso ikan lele pada suhu ruang dan mengetahui formulasi yang terbaik pada campuran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua factorial. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi tepung sagu dan tepung tapioca dalam 200-gram campuran tepung untuk 500gram adonan bakso dalam 5 level yaitu: T1: Tepung sagu 95% + Tepung Tapioka 5% (w/w), T2: Tepung sagu 80% + Tepung Tapioka 20% (w/w), T3: Tepung sagu 65% + Tepung Tapioka 35% (w/w), T4: Tepung sagu 50% + Tepung Tapioka 50% (w/w), T5: Tepung sagu 35% + Tepung Tapioka 65% (w/w) Faktor kedua adalah penambahan stok larutan kitosan10% dalam 2 level yaitu: K1: penambahan stok larutan kitosan 1,0% (v/w), K2 : penambahan stok larutan kitosan 2,0% (v/w). Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh pada perlakuan yaitu penambahan tepung sagu sebesar 50%, tepung tapioka sebesar 50% dan penambahan stok larutan kitosan sebesar 2,0%. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada penambahan tepung sagu sebesar 50%, tepung tapioka sebesar 50% dan penambahan stok larutan kitosan sebesar 2,0%. Kandungan konsentrasi yang dihasilkan parameter adalah protein 6,69%, air 6,80%, kadar abu 1,23%, aroma 4,69% rasa 4,49%, warna 4,78%, dan tekstur 4,60%
КОМПЛЕКСНЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ МЕДИ(II) НА ОСНОВЕ ATSIЛГИДРАЗОНОВ 1-(2-ТЕНОИЛ)-3,3,3-ТРИФТОРАЦЕТОНА
Authors: Раъно КУЧКОРОВА,  , Бако УМАРОВ  
Published: June 2024

В данной работе представлен анализ ИК и ЭПР спектры комплексные соединения Cu (II) на основе ацилгидразонов 1-2-(теноил)-3,3,3-ацетона.
TORIY (IV) IONING 2,4-DINITROZA-1-GIDROKSI-5-AMINONAFTALIN-6,8-DISULFOKISLOTA REAGENTI BILAN KOMPLEKS HOSIL QILISHINING ELEKTROKIMYOVIY O`ZGARISHLARI
Authors: Salohiddin MAHMADOLIYEV  , Nigora QUTLIMUROTOVA,  , Habibulla TODJIMUHAMEDOV,  , Ruhiya QUTLIMUROTOVA  , Aziza ABDIRAHMONOVA,  
Published: June 2024

Ushbu maqolada 2,4-dinitroza-1-gidroksi-5-aminonaftalin-6,8-disulfokislota reagentining elektrokimyoviy xususiyatlari siklik voltamperometriya, xronoamperometriya usullari yordamida oʻrganilgan va toriy (IV) ionini aniqlashning elektrokimyoviy usuli ishlab chiqilgan. Toriy (IV) ionini aniqlashga har xil fon elektrolitlarning va kuchlanishning ta`siri oʻrganildi va universal bufer pH=2.82 hamda 1,0 v kuchlanishda optimal sharoit ekanligi aniqlandi. Siklik voltamperometriya usulida 2,4-dinitroza-1-gidroksi-5-aminonaftalin-6,8-disulfokislota reagentining toriy (IV) ioni bilan hosil qilgan kompleksining yarim toʻlqin potensiali 0,42 volt ekanligi; xronoamperometriya usulida kompleks hosil qilish uchun 7 sekundda davom etishi aniqlandi.
MEMBANGUN UMAT DENGAN ZAKAT
Authors: Muna Rifatul 
Published: June 2024

Salah satu kelompok yang berhak menerima zakat adalah fi sabilillah yaitu mereka yang berperang dengan mengangkat senjata melawan orang-orang kafir. Namun seiring dengan perkembangan zaman sekarang ini lembaga-lembaga sosial, seperti lembaga pendidikan Islam, perpustakaan Islam, rumah sakit Islam, serta lembaga kebajikan lainnya dapat dikategorikan sebagai jihad fi sabilillah yang berhak menerima zakat.
Pokok permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pendapat Yusuf Qardhawi tentang lembaga sosial keagamaan seperti lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam, perpustakaan Islam, rumah sakit Islam, serta lembaga kebajikan lainnya sebagai mustahik zakat dari golongan sabilillah? Bagaimana pula Istinbath hukum yang digunakan Yusuf Qardhawi dalam hal ini?
Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian tersebut adalah library reseach. Data primer yang digunakan adalah kitab Fiqhu al- Zakat karya Yusuf Qardhawi,
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapat Yusuf Qardhawi tentang diperbolehkannya lembaga sosial keagamaan sebagai mustahik zakat dari golongan sabilillah merupakan pendapat yang dapat diterima. Menurut Yusuf Qardhawi mendirikan lembaga sosial keagamaan seperti mendirikan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, rumah sakit Islam, perpustakaaan Islam, atau pusat kegiatan Islam lainnya merupakan media jihad pada zaman sekarang yang memberikan pengaruh besar kepada masyarakat sebagai alat propaganda penyiaran Islam.
Effect of Seed Priming and Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Rabi Maize
Authors: Choudhary Khemendra , Pankhaniya Ramesh M. , Choudhary Mahendra , Pareek Akshay , Choudhary Raghuveer , Gurjar Satyanarayan , Ram Ganesha 
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-20 at College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the “Effect of seed priming and fertilizer levels on rabi maize under south Gujarat condition”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with ten treatment combinations consisting of two factors which consists seed priming, Control (No priming), Seed priming with water for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KCl for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KMnO4 for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs and fertilizer levels, 75% RDF (112.5+45+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) and 100 Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatments are replicated three times. The result indicated Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs recorded significantly higher plant population, number of leaves per plant, plant height, grain and straw yield compared to other treatments. In case of fertilizer levels number of leaves per plant and plant height recorded non significant at 30 DAS. Significantly higher plant height at 60 DAS, 90 DAS, at harvest, grain and straw yield recorded in treatment of 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatment combination S5F2: (KH2PO4 at 0.5% for 12 hrs with 100% RDF i.e., 150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) recorded significantly higher plant height at 90 DAS, at harvest, Grain and straw yield as compared to other treatments. Thus a combination of Seed priming 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs with 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) helps in enhancing the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of rabi maize without negative influence on plant and the environment.
Enhancement of ionic conductivity and structural properties by 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid in poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene)‐based polymer electrolytes
Authors: Ramesh S. , Lu Soon‐Chien 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPolymer electrolytes (PEs) with poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) [P(VdF–HFP)] as the polymer host and doped with lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTf) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIMTf) were synthesized via a solution casting method. This P(VdF–HFP)/LiTf/BMIMTf‐based PE achieved about 1.8 ×10−3 S/cm at room temperature with 100 parts by weight (pbw) of BMIMTf. A discrepancy was observed when 25 pbw of BMIMTf was doped into the system and was related to the reactivity of Li+ and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation (BMIM+), which could be corroborated with differential scanning calorimetry scans. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction revealed the role of P(VdF–HFP) as merely a mechanical support with no direct interaction with BMIMTf. Photoluminescence was also used to detect structural alterations in the local environment of PE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012
Flammability of EVA/IFR (APP/PER/ZB system) and EVA/IFR/synergist (CaCO3, NG, and EG) composites
Authors: Wu Xinfeng , Wang Lichun , Wu Chao , Wang Genlin , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/intumescent flame retardant (ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol/zinc borate system) composites‐EVA/IFR (APP/PER/ZB system) and EVA/IFR/Synergist [CaCO3, natural graphite, or expanded graphite (EG)] composites have been prepared by melting compounding method. The flammability, the combustion process, the quantity of the residual chars, the morphology of the residual chars, and the thermal stability of the chars have been investigated by cone calorimeter, scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The results indicate that heat release rate (HRR), total heat released, and total smoke release (TSR) of EVA/IFR (IFR 30 phr) composite decrease to about 67.1, 78.2, and 64% of that of pure EVA, respectively. HRR, THR, and TSR of EVA/IFR/EG (IFR 9 phr, EG 1phr) composite decrease to about 62.1, 76.2, and 44% of that of pure EVA, respectively. The quantity, the thermal stability of residual chars and the char structure are discussed to find the reasons of the phenomenon above. It has been found that the flame retardant of EVA vulcanizates is improved and the fire jeopardizing is dramatically reduced due to the addition of IFR and synergist, which can give some advice to design formulations for practical applications as cable. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Improvement of the properties of plasma‐modified ground tire rubber‐filled cement paste
Authors: Cheng Xiaowei , Chen Haitao , Huang Sheng , Li Zaoyan , Guo Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe thesis investigated that the adhesion of ground tire rubber (GTR) to cement can be improved by applying surface plasma modification. The hydrophobic surface of GTR powder has been transformed to a hydrophilic one through plasma treatment. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectral studies showed the increase in peak intensity at the range of 1400–1600 cm−1, indicating the generation of carbon–carbon double bond after plasma treatment on the surface of the GTR powder. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis further confirmed the presence of oxygen‐containing polar functional groups on the surface of the GTR powder after atmospheric plasma treatment. The improvements in plastic deformation and elastic deformation that attributed to the enhanced interfacial interaction between modified GTR powder and cement matrix were observed for the modified GTR‐filled cement paste via triaxial test. The pore size distribution testing manifested a better compactness of plasma GTR‐filled cement paste. Besides, scanning electron microscope illustrated that adhesion of modified GTR powder with cement matrix increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Study of carbon black‐filled poly(butylene succinate)/polylactide blend
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Zhuang Yugang , Dong Lisong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, carbon black (CB) was used to control the conductivity and the compatibility of immiscible poly(butylene succinate)/polylactide (PBS/PLA) blend. It is shown that most of the CB particles are selectively dispersed in the matrix PBS phase because of the viscosity ratio of the blend components. The increasing viscosity of PBS phase prevents the coalescence of the dispersed PLA domain during the melt mixing. The domain sizes of PLA are refined when compared with that of blank PBS/PLA blend. The ternary composite shows an onset of the electrical conductivity at low filler loadings (1.5 wt %), which is attributed to a percolation of CB in the insulating matrix polymer. Moreover, the composites exhibited remarkable improvement of rheological properties in the melt state when compared with that of blank PBS/PLA blend. According to the van Gurp‐Palmen plot, the rheological percolation threshold for ternary systems is lower than 1.5 wt %. Furthermore, the ternary composites present improved mechanical properties and thermal stability even at very low loading levels of the CB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Disecondary amine synthesis and its reaction kinetics with epoxy prepolymers
Authors: Pramanik Monoj , Mendon Sharathkumar K. , Rawlins James W. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract3,3′‐Diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3′‐DDS) was reacted with acetaldehyde in the presence of sodium triacetoxy borohydride via reductive amination to yield a 3,3′‐DDS based secondary diamine, N,N′‐diethyl‐3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Near IR analysis indicated that the 5060 cm−1 peak for primary amine (NH2) in 3,3′‐DDS was absent in the reaction product spectrum. The NH2 proton peak at δ 5.66 ppm shifted to δ 6.16 ppm in the product. Methyl and methylene protons of CH3CH2NHPh group were observed at δ 3.01 and 1.12 ppm, respectively, in the product. The carbon NMR spectrum of the reaction product showed new peaks at δ 37.46 and 14.47 ppm that further confirmed secondary amine formation. The liquid chromatography coupled mass spectra peaks at 248–250 for 3,3′‐DDS and 304 for the reaction product further supported the formation of N,N′‐diethyl‐3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone. A blend of N,N′‐diethyl‐3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy prepolymer started reacting at about 110–125°C surpassing an energy barrier of ∼ 66 kJ/mol as determined via differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Reaction kinetics were characterized via near IR spectroscopy specific to the reaction between secondary amine and DGEBA epoxy prepolymer. The results confirmed >97% conversion at a cure protocol of 5 h at 80°C, 5 h at 100°C, 11 h at 125°C, and 6 h at 185°C. N,N′‐diethyl‐3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone‐DGEBA thermoplastics displayed tensile and flexural modulii of 3.08 and 2.86 GPa, respectively, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of 120.77°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and properties of polydimethylsiloxane‐mica composites
Authors: Jia Zhenmei , Chen Shuangjun , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis is a comparison study of the effects of various colloids on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites. Mica of layered structure and silica of nanospherical shape were both used with different content. Silane coupling agent was used for surface modification of mica to improve its dispersion. Wide X‐ray diffraction patterns showed no intercalation during the incorporation of mica into PDMS matrix. Rheological characterization of the PDMS composites before curing showed that viscosities of PDMS‐mica composites were much lower than that of PDMS composites with silica, particularly at low shear rates. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggested the existence of mica lamellar structure with high aspect ratio within the PDMS matrix. After vulcanization at room temperature, PDMS‐mica composites could obtain mechanical properties close to that of PDMS composites with silica at same filler content. The cooperative effects of mica with silica showed that same mechanical properties of PDMS composites could be obtained at much lower viscosity, cost, and processing insecurity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A novel water‐soluble, conducting polymer composite for mild steel acid corrosion inhibition
Authors: Ali Fathima Sabirneeza A. , Subhashini S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel water‐soluble conducting polymer composite, poly(vinyl alcohol‐histidine) was synthesized from aqueous solution by free radical condensation using persulfate. The composite was characterized using UV–Visible, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry techniques while its AC conductance was measured by LCZ analyzer. The inhibitive action of the composite on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1MHCl was studied by conventional weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization studies (Tafel), linear polarization studies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of inhibitor concentrations, exposure time, and temperature have been investigated. The corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency (IE), and other parameters have been evaluated for different inhibitor concentrations. The composite provided more than 95% IE at an optimum concentration of 0.6% by weight. The results showed the composite as an effective mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of this inhibitor obeyed Temkin adsorption isotherm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy‐amine composites
Authors: Jyotishkumar P. , Logakis Emmanuel , George Sajeev Martin , Pionteck Jürgen , Häussler Liane , Haßler Rüdiger , Pissis Polycarpos , Thomas Sabu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDifferent amounts of multiwalled carbon tubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated into an epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and both epoxy precursor and composite were cured with 4,4′‐diamino diphenyl sulfone. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the carbon nanotubes are dispersed well in the epoxy matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirmed the decrease in overall cure by the addition of MWCNTs. A decrease in volume shrinkage of the epoxy matrix caused by the addition of MWCNTs was observed by pressure–volume–temperature measurements. Thermomechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed for the MWCNT/epoxy composites, showing that the Tg was slightly affected, whereas the dimensional stability and stiffness are improved by the addition of MWCNTs. Electrical conductivity measurements of the composite samples showed that an insulator to conductor transition takes place between 0.019 and 0.037 wt % MWCNTs. The addition of MWCNTs induces an increase in both impact strength (18%) and fracture toughness (38%) of the epoxy matrix with very low filler content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Modified shape memory epoxy resin composites by blending activity polyurethane
Authors: Liu Yuyan , Sun He , Tan Huifeng , Du Xingwen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of modified shape‐memory epoxy resin composites were prepared by blending activity polyurethane (APU). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and fold‐deploy shape memory tests were used to characterize the structure, mechanical, morphology, thermodynamics, and shape memory performance of these materials. FTIR results suggest that APU has been introduced into the resin matrix resin. Tensile test results show that the addition of appropriate APU can increase the elongation at break significantly, compared with neat epoxy. SEM results indicate that the fracture mechanism has changed from brittle to ductile, suggesting that the brittleness of the material has been overcome. DMA results show that modified materials have lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and lower cross‐linking density for shape memory function. Furthermore, the fold‐deploy shape memory tests prove that the materials possess excellent shape memory properties. They can be deformed into different shapes and recover their original shapes fully within 2 min atTg,while they are hardly affected by ninefold‐deploy cycles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Study on wear and friction behavior of graphite flake‐filled PTFE composites
Authors: Goyal R. K. , Yadav M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe wear rate and coefficient of friction for graphite flake (GF)‐filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were evaluated on a pin‐on‐disk wear tester under dry conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed significant reduction in the abrasive wear of the composites. The wear rates of 5 and 10 wt % GF composites were reduced by more than 22 and 245 times, respectively, at sliding speed of 1 m/s. With increasing sliding distance from 1 to 8 km, the wear rate of pure PTFE decreased by 1.4 times whereas that of composites, it decreased up to three times. The significant decreased in wear rate and coefficient of friction might be attributed to the formation of a thin and tenacious transfer film on the counter‐surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Properties of nanoparticles filled soft poly(vinyl chloride) composites including antistatic plasticizer
Authors: Liu Shuzhen , Yang Wanqing , Lei Jingxin , Zhou Changlin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNanoparticles (NP) filled permanently antistatic poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites, constituted of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and antistatic plasticizer (AP) which included bis[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl]phthalate doped with sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), were prepared in a Haaka torque rheometer. Surface resistivity measurement, mechanical test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to investigate the comprehensive properties of PVC/AP/NP (100/40/x) (A40/NP) and PVC/AP/DBP/NP (100/40/40/x) (A80/NP) composites. The results demonstrated that the surface resistivity of A40/NP composites was lower than that of pure A40 composites at a humidity of 60% and 0.1% as the nano SiO2 or TiO2 content is 2 phr, respectively. Moreover, the surface resistivity of A40 composites was decreased by about half an order of magnitude even at the humidity of 0.1% when 2 phr of NP was added. The surface resistivity of A80/NP composites achieved the optimum value as the SiO2 and TiO2 content were 1 phr and 2 phr, respectively. Because the DBP functioned as small molecule plasticizer which endowed PVC composites with comparatively large free volume, the surface resistivity of A80/NP composites is much lower than that of A40/NP composites. The tensile strength and elongation at break of A40/NP (100/2) and A80/NP (100/2) were increased to some extent with respect to pure PVC/AP composites. DSC‐TGA analysis and rheological properties demonstrated that NP filled PVC composites processed good thermostability and thermoprocessability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Production of modified clays and their use in polypropylene‐based nanocomposites
Authors: Seyidoglu Tijen , Yilmazer Ulku 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe use of modified bentonite as a reinforcement in polypropylene (PP)/organoclay/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) nanocomposites was investigated. The modified bentonites (organoclays) were prepared from raw (unpurified) bentonite (RB) and two quaternary ammonium salts with long alkyl tails: hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide [HDA][Br] and tetrakisdecyl ammonium bromide [TKA][Br]. The ternary composites were produced by using a corotating twin screw extruder, followed by injection molding, and they exhibited microcomposite structure as observed by XRD. In order to observe the effects of purification of the bentonite, purified bentonite (PB) was obtained through sedimentation of raw bentonite, and later modified with two quaternary ammonium salts: dimethyl dioctadecylammonium chloride [DMDA][Cl] and [TKA][Br], and one quaternary phosphonium salt: tributyl hexadecyl phosphonium bromide [TBHP][Br]. Ternary nanocomposites (PP/organoclay/MAPP) with these organoclays were produced by using a corotating twin screw extruder, followed by batch mixing in an intensive batch mixer, and by injection molding. The use of [DMDA][Cl] and [TBHP][Br] resulted in nanocomposite formation, whereas the use of [TKA][Br] resulted in microcomposite formation as observed by XRD and TEM. Young's modulus of PP was increased by 30% with DMDA and 9% with TBHP. The yield strength of PP was increased by 15% with DMDA and 8.3% with TBHP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013