bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shizikou Gravitational Gliding Structure in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River
Authors: Sennan Yang , Jianye Ren 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA study has been made about the structural attribute of the NNW–trending Shizikou linear image belt in the head area of the reservoir of the Yangtze River Gorges and the evaluation of its crustal stability. On the basis of regional geological surveys and by making a structural analysis and a multidisciplinary study, it has been ascertained that the segment with the best displayed image characteristics is marked by a gravity gliding structure with a multilayer gliding fold type architecture. This paper also analyzes the medium conditions, slope structure and dynamic setting for the formation of the structure system.
Study on the Electrical Conductivity of 0.025 mol NaCl Solution at 0.25–3.75 GPa and 20–370°C
Authors: Haifei Zheng , Hongsen Xie , Yousheng Xu , Maoshuang Song , Jie Guo , Yueming Zhang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrical conductance of 0.025 mol NaCl solution was measured at 0.25–3.75 GPa and 20–370°C As shown by the results, the conductance increases with temperature, and there is a liner relation between the reciprocal of temperature and the logarithm of the conductance but their slopes are different at different pressures. The relations between the conductance and pressure is rather complex and there are some discontinuities: in the range of 2.25–3.75 GPa, the conductance increases with the pressure; in the range of 1.25–2.0 GPa, the conductance is not related to the pressure; and at a pressure of 0.75 GPa, the conductance is higher than that at the pressures nearby. This reflects that the NaCl solution has rather different properties of electronic chemistry at various pressures, and probably is an important cause for the existence of the layers with high electrical conductance and low velocity in the Earth's crust and mantle.
Separate Analysis of Remote Sensing Information of Structures of Different Geological Periods and Quantitative Study of Corresponding Tectonic Stress Fields
Authors: Wunian Yang , Zhangsen Zhu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structural feature shown on a remote sensing image is a synthetic result of combination of the deformations produced during the entire geological history of an area. Therefore, the respective tectonic stress field of each of the different stages in the complex deformation of an area can be reconstructed in three steps: (1) geological structures formed at different times are distinguished in remote sensing image interpretation; (2) structural deformation fields at different stages are determined by analyzing relationships between microstructures (joints and fractures) and the related structures (folds and faults); and (3) tectonic stress fields at different stages are respectively recovered through a study of the features of structural deformation fields in different periods.Circular structures and related circlular and radial joints are correlated in space to concealed structural rises. The authors propose a new method for establishing a natural model of the concealed structural rises and calculating the tectonic stress field by using quantitative data of the remote sensing information of circular structures and related linear structures.
Composite Stratigraphy of the Sailinhudong Group and Ore–bearing Micrite Mounds in the Bayan Obo Deposits, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Xiufu Qiao , Linzhi Gao , Yang Peng , Yuxu Zhang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on studies of sequence stratigraphy, event stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy, it is concluded that the Sailinhudong Group is a part of the Bayan Obo Group. Some trilobite fragments are first found in thin sections of the rock from the lower part of the Sailinhudong Group and some Ordovician acritarchs and chitinozoans are also found in this group. A formationa unit of carbonate seismites is first recognized in the upper part and a huge micrite mound is first identified at the top. Dolomite, the host rock of the super giant Bayan Obo Fe–Nb–REE deposits, is neither an igneous carbonatite nor a common bedded sedimentary carbonate, but a huge micrite mound. It has the same macroscopic characters as the micrite mounds at the top of the Sailinhudong Group, which suggests that they should be of the same horizon. According to the fossils, the Sailinhudong and Bayan Obo Groups should be of the Early Palaeozoic rather than the Middle Proterozoic. The new discovery and new idea will throw light on the explanation of the genesis of the supergiant Bayan Obo Fe–Nb–REE deposits.
Selenium Enrichment in Cambrian Stratabound Gold Deposits in the Western Qinling Mountains
Authors: Jiajun Liu , Minghua Zheng , Jianming Liu , Yufeng Zhou , Xuexiang Gu , Bin Zhang , Li Lin , Wenquan Lu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStratabound gold deposits in the western Qinling Mountains occur in Cambrian chert formation composed of carbonaceous chert and carbonaceous slate. The distinctive chert formation provides important grounds for the mineralization and controls on the formation of gold deposits. Study shows that Se is exceptionally higher in both host rocks and gold orebodies. It may be recovered as a valuable component in ores for total utilization, and in some localities even independent Se orebodies (which are mined exclusively for Se) may be delineated. In gold ore Se mainly occurs as independent minerals or in the isomorphous form in sulphides and there is a positive correlation between Se and Au.
Thermodynamic Modelling of Ore–Forming Mechanism of the Changkeng Gold–Silver Deposits in Guangdong Province
Authors: Sheng Zhang , Tongjin Li , Liankui Wang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Changkeng gold–silver deposits consist of a sediment–hosted, disseminated gold deposit and a replacement–type silver deposit. The mineralizations of gold and silver are zoned and closely related to the silicification of carbonate and clastic rocks, so that siliceous ores dominate in the deposit. The mineralizing temperature ranges mainly from 300 to 170°C, and K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl− are the major ions in the ore–forming fluid. Calculations of distribution of metal complexes show that gold is mainly transported by hydrosulphide complexes, but chloride complexes of silver, iron, lead, and zinc, which are transformed into hydroxyl and hydrosulphide complexes under neutral to weak–alkaline circumstances in the late stage, predominate in the ore–forming solutions. Water–rock interaction is confirmed to be the effective mechanism for the formation of silver ores by computer modelling of reaction of hydrothermal solution with carbonate rocks. The solubility analyses demonstrate that the precipitation of gold and silver–bearing minerals taking place under weak–acid conditions and near–neutral to weak–alkaline conditions, respectively, is the main or favourable factor for the ore zonation and separation between gold and silver.
A New Idea of Sinian Doushantuo‘ an Metaphyte Fossils from Xiuning, Anhui Province
Authors: Feng Tang , Chongyu Yin , Linzhi Gao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper gives a summary of the fossil data from the Sinian Doushantuo' an Lantian Formation in the Xiuning area, Anhui Province, China, and reports the genital butt structure comparable to that of some modern advanced algae and the fossil structure comparable to the dehiscence of sporangia as well as the ontogenetic phenomenon occurring possibly from the formation of embryos by zygote germination to the production of sessile benthonic algal adults. This phenomenon furnishes a useful clue to the further study of the life history of alternate generations in advanced algae and provides megafossil evidence for the sex differentiation of metaphytic algae.
Uraniferous Black Shale and Related Uranium Mineralization Features in South China
Authors: Qiuying ZHANG 
Published: September 2010

Abstract  Black shales are marine sediments with argillaceous, silty and siliceous compositions and high contents of organic materials, disseminated pyrite and uranium. Uraniferous black shale has uranium content of more than 20 ppm.Black shales are widely distributed in 17 provinces or autonomous regions in northwestern and southern‐central China. Their sedimentary ages are from the Sinian to the Tertiary and uraniferous black shales are mainly exposed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the economically significant uranium deposits associated with black shale occur in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Uranium mineralization associated with black shale has the following main features: (1) forming stratabound deposits; (2) controlled by structures such as interlayer and intersected faults and fractures; (3) associated with different ore‐forming processes such as leaching and hydrothermal reworking; (4) occurring in five periods, namely 120‐110 Ma, 84‐74 Ma, 75‐65 Ma, 48‐39 Ma and 30‐24 Ma.
Determination of 3‐D Velocity Anomalies of the Nanbei Tectonic Zone of China Based on Local Earthquakes
Authors: Xu CHANG , Yike LIU 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: In this paper, 3‐D velocity images of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Nanbei tectonic zone of China are constructed using P‐wave travel time residuals of earthquakes, with the data supplied by China's seismic networks and the International Seismic Centre.During the model parameterization in the tomographic inversion the interpolation function of grid node velocities is used as the space function of velocity, and the velocity function is allowed to be discontinuous. The difficulties caused by large memory demand and high computing cost in solving the system of equations are avoided by utilizing the least squares QR decomposition algorithm. Thus, the stability of the algorithm is ensured. Though resolution images are not derived in the inversion process based on the resolution theory of Backus and Gilbert, a covariance resolution method is put forward by the authors. The resolution analyses have proved the reliability of the image results. 3‐D ray tracing is conducted to obtain the ray paths in a spherical coordinate system.The imaging results indicate that there is a significant lateral heterogeneity in the crust and upper mantle beneath the North‐South tectonic zone of China persisting down to 200 km in depth. The velocity images of the upper crust show features closely related to the tectonic features on the surface. A low‐velocity layer exists in a very wide range of the mid‐crust. The lowest velocity value is about 5.60 km/s. In a long narrow area between 25.0°N‐38.0°N and 100.0°E‐103.2°E, a low‐velocity anomaly of about 7.49 km/s appears at the top of the upper mantle. Almost all of the major earthquakes (ML≥6.0) took place in the transitional strips between high and low velocity zones at depths above 20 km in the crust. From the velocity images at 20+0 km and 50+0 km depth respectively, we find that the epicentres of strong earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 6.0 are almost entirely distributed in the low‐velocity zones or on their boundaries.
The Most Complete Sequence of Telychian Graptolite Zones in the World
Authors: Lipu FU , Zifu ZHANG , Liangyu GENG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper divides the Telychian into 7 graptolite zones, 12 subzones and 4 chitinoans in the Ziyang region, China. The zones and subzones of England are almost totally suitable for the case of Ziyang in China, though they are 10000 km apart. All the above‐mentioned biozones are found only in a unitary continuous section in Ziyang. It has been proved that the Ziyang section is the one with the most complete sequence of Telychian graptolite biozones in the world.
Transgressive Surface as Sequence Boundary
Authors: Hongfu YIN , Jinnan TONG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnalysis of the four cases of the sequence boundary (SB)‐transgressive surface (TS) relation in nature shows that applying transgressive surfaces as sequence boundaries has the following merits: it improves the methodology of stratigraphic subdivision; the position of transgressive surface in a sea level curve is relatively fixed; the transgressive surface is a transforming surface of the stratal structure; in platforms or ramps, the transgressive surface is the only choice for determining the sequence boundary; the transgressive surface is a readily recognized physical surface reflected by seismic records in seismostratigraphy. The paper reaches a conclusion that to delineate a SB in terms of the TS is theoretically and practically better than to delineate it between highstand and lowstand sediments as has been done traditionally.
Multi‐mechanism Orogenic Model of the Su‐Jiao Orogenic Belt
Authors: Jintao FAN , Jiongda CHEN , Huogen CHEN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Su‐Jiao orogenic belt is the eastern part of the Central Mountain System of China. Recent studies on its orogenic system indicate that the Su‐Jiao orogenic belt is a complex orogenic belt which suffered at least 3 orogenies of different mechanisms in the Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and Triassic respectively. The Meso‐Neoproterozoic orogenies belong to the Wilson cycle on the plate margins. The belt is a part of the Late Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. The Triassic orogeny belongs to the re‐orogeny of the non‐Wilson cycle. Delamination of mountain roots occurred after both the Wilson and non‐Wilson cycles in the Su‐Jiao orogenic belt. The large‐amplitude isostatic uplift of mountains, magmatic activities and basin‐forming and mountain‐making in the upper crust, all indicate the general significance of delamination in the development of orogenic belts.
Junction and Evolution of the Qinling, Qilian and Kunlun Orogenic Belts
Authors: Yangui SUN , Zhengxing CHEN , Yong'an LIU , Tongqing WANG , Zhiyong ZHANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAs the main part of the “central mountain system” in the continent of China, the Qinling, Qilian and Kunlun orogenic belts have been comprehensively and deeply studied since the 1970s and rich fruits have been reaped. However, these achievements were mostly confined to an individual orogenic belt and the study of the mutual relationship among the three orogenic belts was obliged to depend on comparative studies. Different views were produced therefrom. The material composition and structural features of the junction region show that there are several epicontinental and intracontinental transform faults developed in different periods. Restricted by these transform faults, the large‐scale lateral movements and, as a consequence, complicated magmatism and tectonic deformation took place in the orogenic belts. According to these features, the authors put forward a three‐stage junction and evolution model and point out that there is not a single junction zone traversing from west to east but that the three orogenic belts have been joined progressively by the epicontinental and intracontinental transform faults.
Relation of Isotope Geochemical Steep Zones with Geophysical Fields and Tectonics in the Junction Area of the Cathaysian, Yangtze and Indochina Plates
Authors: Bingquan ZHU , Yunpeng Dong , Xiangyang CHANG , Zhengwei ZHANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThrough lead isotope geochemical mapping in the Yunnan‐Guizhou area geochemical steep zones (GSZ) have been established, which clearly reveal the junction relationship of the Cathaysian, Yangtze and Indo‐China plates. GSZ are closey related to gravity Moho gradient zones and lithospheric thickness. The GSZ between the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates is consistent with the Shizong‐Mile tectonic belt, where island are basalts are well developed. The Yangtze‐Indo‐China GSZ is parallel to the Jingdong‐Mojiang volcanic belt in rift‐island are environments. The evidence of geology, geophysics and geochemistry all indicates that Cathaysia was subducted towards the Yangtze plate and that the Yangtze plate was underthrust beneath the Indo‐China, which took place from the Early Carboniferous to the Early Triassic.
Sm‐Nd, Pb‐Pb and Rb‐Sr Isotopic Dating and Its Dynamic Implications for the Proterozoic Augen Granite in the Yunkai Area, Western Guangdong Province
Authors: Songbai PENG , Yeming ZHANG , Mingguo ZHAN , Fuwen CHEN , Ruizhao QIU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe samples of ductile‐rheologic deformational augen granite from the Yunkai uplift area, western Guangdong province, were determined by the whole‐rock Sm‐Nd, Pb‐Pb and Rb‐Sr isotopic dating to have an Sm‐Nd isochron age of 1414±68 Ma, a Pb‐Pb isochron age of 1388±90 Ma and a Rb‐Sr isochron age of 490±36 Ma. The first two ages are interpreted as the formation age of this suite of granite and the last age represents the timing of the tectono‐thermal event of Caledonian ductile‐rheologic shear partial melting. It is indicated that in the study area not only an orogeny took place in the Caledonian, but also a more important tectono‐magmatic activity occurred in the Meso‐proterozoic there, which may be related to the subduction‐collision between the Yangtze block and Cathaysia block.
Hydrobios and Control of Eutrophication in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province
Authors: Suzhen DOU , Zhaocai SUN , Ying CAO , Yumei MA , Jingfu ZHANG , Guicheng LIU , Xiaoyan KOU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Hydrobios in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province, mainly includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals, fishes and hydrophytic vascular plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the restrictive factors for the growth and propagation of hydrophyta, therefore the key to the prevention and control of eutrophication in lakes lies in the control of the contents of the two elements in the water. Artificial fishing of algae can reduce the concentrations of trophic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies, and biological measures may decrease the contents of these trophic substances in the bottom sediments and the water bodies, thereby playing an active role in modifying the eutrophication of the lake.
Biological and Molecular Geochemical Evidence for Dinoflagellate Ancestors in the Upper Sinian‐Cambrian
Authors: Shuichang ZHANG , MOLDOWAN J. Mike , Lizeng BIAN , Baomin ZHANG , Liping ZHANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDinoflagellates are single celled organisms that reflect the ecological conditions in modern oceans and lakes. Their earliest undisputed fossil record suggests that dinoflagellates originated from the Middle Triassic (c. 240 Ma ago). However, the presence of molecular biomarkers (dinosterane, 4α‐methyl‐24‐ethylcholestane and triaromatic dinosteroids) in rock extracts and coccoid dinoflagellate fossils from the upper Sinian to Cambrian of the Tarim basin confirms the hypothesis that dinoflagellates have an ancient origin, and predate the oldest undisputed dinoflagellate fossils at least by 300 Ma, as early as the late Sinian‐Cambrian.
Ordovician Intrusive‐related Gold‐Copper Mineralization in West‐Central New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Fengjun NIE , Sihong JIANG , Shengmin ZHAO , COOKE David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree major types of Ordovician intrusive‐related gold‐copper deposits are recognized in central‐west New South Wales, Australia: porphyry, skarn and high sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits are mainly distributed within two Ordovician volcano‐intrusive belts of the Lachlan Fold Belt: the Orange‐Wellington Belt and the Parkes‐Narromine Belt. Available isotopic age data suggest that mineralization of the three types of deposits is essentially coeval with the Ordovician intrusive rocks (480–430 Ma).Porphyry gold‐copper deposits can be further divided into two groups. The first group is associated with monzonite showing shoshonitic features, represented by Cadia and Goonumbla. The second group is associated with diorite and dacite, including the Copper Hill and Cargo gold‐copper deposits. Gold skarn is associated with Late Ordovician (430–439 Ma) monzonitic intrusive complexes in the Junction Reefs area (Sheahan‐Grants, Frenchmans, and Cornishmens), Endeavour 6, 7 and 44, Big and Little Cadia. The epithermal gold deposits with high sulphidation including Gidginbung (Temora) and Peak Hill mainly occur within Ordovician andesite and volcaniclastic rocks, and are associated with advanced argillic alteration. Available isotopic age data indicate that both alteration and mineralization of the porphyry, skarn and epithermal gold‐copper deposits are broadly coeval with the Late Ordovician shoshonitic magmatism, which is thought to result from the melting of sub‐continental lithosphere caused by Palaeozoic subduction events.The Ordovician intrusive‐related gold‐copper deposits are restricted to two longitudinal parallel volcano‐intrusive belts, rarely extending outside them. Diagonal intra‐belt trends of mineralization are common, particularly at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse (oblique) fault/fracture zones based on the authors' review of available geological data. The locations of these gold‐copper deposits are obviously influenced by transverse (oblique) fault/fracture zones that are oriented northwest, eastwest and northeast. The conjunctions of these fault/fractures zones are thought to be zones of structural weakness, and appear to be the favourable locus for the Ordovician intrusive‐related gold‐copper deposits. Differences in structural patterns, intrusive, wall rock types, and depths of ore formation may contribute to the differences among the deposits.
Dating of the Karakorum Strike‐slip Fault
Authors: Yong ZHOU , Ronghua XU , Yuehua YAN , Yusheng PAN , YANG Tsanyao Frank , LO Wei , Chunming WU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper mainly discusses the timing of the Karakorum strike‐slip fault, and gives a brief introduction of its structures, offset, and deformational style. This fault strikes NNW‐SSE. Asymmetrical folds, stretching lineation, S‐C fabrics, feldspar and quartz s̀‐porphyroclasts, domino structure, shear cleavages and faults in the fault zone are products of tectonic movements. They all indicate a dextral slip sense of faulting. Mylonitic bands are widely developed along this fault. Phengite appears, indicating rather high deformational pressure. Geochronological data indicate that the Karakorum strike‐slip faulting occurred from 6.88±0.36 to 8.75±0.25 Ma. The cumulative displacement from Muztag Ata to Muji is about 135 km.
Early‐Middle Permian Reef Frameworks and Reef‐building Models in the Eastern Kunlun Mountains
Authors: Shugan TIAN , Jiasong FAN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReef frameworks and building models of the Early‐Middle Permian in the eastern Kunlun Mountains have been verified through studies of reef‐building communities, palaeoecology and carbonate facies. The eastern Kunlun reefs are built mainly by 6 reef‐building communities, which include 11 major categories of frame‐building organisms and 6 categories of reef‐associated organisms. Eight types of reef‐frames have been distinguished and eleven kinds of rocks identified to belong to 6 reef facies. Three sorts of reefs classified by previous researchers, namely mudmounds, knoll reefs and walled reefs, are well developed in the study area. Such reef‐facies association and reef distribution show that there are 4 models of reef growth and development, i.e. the tidal‐bank knoll‐reef model, the plateau‐margin wall‐reef model, the composite wall‐reef model and the deep‐water mudmound model. The reefs are mainly constructed by calcareous sponge and calcareous algae, which are similar to all Permian reefs in other areas of South China and the world. Their great scales indicate a secular stable platform‐marginal environment.