bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talar morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotor adaptation of a large‐bodied amphipithecid primate from the late middle eocene of Myanmar
Authors: Marivaux Laurent , Beard K. Christopher , Chaimanee Yaowalak , Dagosto Marian , Gebo Daniel L. , Guy Franck , Marandat Bernard , Khaing Kyaw , Kyaw Aung Aung , Oo Myo , Sein Chit , Soe Aung Naing , Swe Myat , Jaeger Jean‐Jacques 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA well‐preserved fossil talus [National Museum of Myanmar Primates (NMMP) 82] of a large‐bodied primate is described from the late middle Eocene Pondaung Formation of central Myanmar. The specimen was collected at Thandaung Kyitchaung, a well‐known amphipithecid primate–bearing locality near the village of Mogaung. NMMP 82 adds to a meager but growing sample of postcranial remains documenting the large‐bodied primates of the Pondaung Formation. This new talus exhibits a suite of features that resemble conditions found in living and fossil haplorhine primates, notably anthropoids. As such, the phylogenetic signal deriving from the morphology of NMMP 82 conflicts with that provided by NMMP 20, a partial skeleton (including a fragmentary calcaneus) of a second large‐bodied Pondaung primate showing undoubted adapiform affinities. Analysis subtalar joint compatibility in a hypothetical NMMP 82/NMMP 20 combination (talus/calcaneus) reveals a substantial degree of functional mismatch between these two tarsal bones. The functional incongruence in subtalar joint morphology between NMMP 20 and NMMP 82 is consistent with the seemingly divergent phylogenetic affinities of these specimens, indicating that two higher level taxa of relatively large‐bodied primates are documented in the Pondaung Formation. On the basis of its size and morphology, we refer the NMMP 82 talus to the large‐bodied amphipithecid Pondaungia. The occurrence of anthropoid‐like tali in the Pondaung Formation obviates the need to invoke homoplasy to explain the shared, derived dental characters that are common to amphipithecids and undoubted anthropoids. Functionally, the NMMP 82 talus appears to have pertained to a primate that is engaged in active quadrupedalism in an arboreal environment along broad and subhorizontal branches. The primate taxon represented by NMMP 82 was capable of climbing and leaping, although it was not particularly specialized for either of these activities. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:208–222, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of new poly(amide‐imide)s based on 1,3‐bis[4,4'‐(trimellitimido) phenoxy] propane and aromatic diamines
Authors: Isfahani Hossein Nasr , Faghihi Khalil , Valikhani Nasim 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSix new poly(amide‐imide)s 8a–f containing trimethylene moiety in the main chain were synthesized by the polycondensation reactions of 1,3‐bis[4,4'‐(trimellitimido) phenoxy] propane 6 with six different aromatic diamines 7a–f in a medium constituting N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, triphenylphosphite, CaCl2, and pyridine as condensing agents. The polycondensation reaction produced a series of novel poly(amide‐imide)s 8a–f in high yields with inherent viscosities between 0.35 and 0.63 dL/g. The resulting poly(amide‐imide)s were characterized by elemental analysis, viscosity measurements, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG), solubility tests, and FTIR spectroscopy. 1,3‐Bis[4,4'‐(trimellitimido) phenoxy] propane 6as a new monomer containing trimethylene moiety was synthesized using a three‐step reaction. At first 1,3‐bis[4,4'‐nitrophenoxy] propane 3was prepared by the reaction of 4‐nitrophenol 1 with 1,3‐dibromo propane 2in DMF solution. Then, dinitro 3 was reduced to 1,3‐bis[4,4'‐aminophenoxy] propane 4by using a solution of sodium sulfite in ethanol. Finally, 1,3‐bis[4,4'‐(trimellitimido) phenoxy] propane 6 was prepared by the reaction of one equivalent diamine 4with two equivalents of trimellitic anhydride 5in a mixture of acetic acid‐pyridine (3 : 2). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Graft copolymerization of methoxyacrylethyl phosphate onto expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) facial membranes
Authors: Chandler‐Temple Adrienne , Wentrup‐Byrne Edeline , Whittaker Andrew K. , Grøndahl Lisbeth 
Published: May 2010

AbstractExpanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) membranes were modified by graft copolymerization with methoxyacrylethyl phosphate (MOEP) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) solutions at ambient temperature using gamma irradiation. The effect of monomer concentration (3–30%) was studied and the modified membranes were characterized by weight increase, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results show that the ePTFE membrane had a degree of crystallinity of 59% and that this did not significantly change after grafting indicating that grafting occurs in the amorphous regions. SEM images showed a globular surface morphology for the grafted membranes. XPS was used to evaluate the chemical structure of the graft copolymer and to determine the XPS grafting extent using the C‐F (ePTFE membrane) and the C‐C (MOEP graft copolymer) peaks. The graft yield as well as grafting extent was found to increase with increasing monomer concentration. Concomitantly, the contact angle was found to decrease with increasing monomer concentration. No direct correlation was found between XPS grafting extent and the advancing water contact angle illustrating that the former does not adequately give an indication of the copolymer surface coverage of the first molecular layer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Emission properties of composite semiconducting polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Kong Fan , Liu Jing , Hu Qian , Qiu Teng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of composite polymer nanoparticles was prepared from poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(2,5‐bistriethoxy‐p‐phenylene vinylene‐alt‐phenylene vinylene) (BTEO–PPV‐alt‐PPV). The nanoparticle sizes were measured to be in the range of 50–80 nm with transmission electron microscopy. The photoluminescence intensity of PVK decreased with the content of BTEO–PPV‐alt‐PPV increasing in the composite polymer nanoparticles because the excited states in PVK were quenched by BTEO–PPV‐alt‐PPV. The emission from BTEO–PPV‐alt‐PPV was enhanced in the composite polymer nanoparticles because of energy transfer from PVK to BTEO–PPV‐alt‐PPV for excitation at the absorption maximum of PVK. The energy‐transfer efficiency was markedly improved in the composite polymer nanoparticles versus the composite polymer films according to emission spectral analyses. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Anti–apolipoprotein A‐1 IgG predicts major cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vuilleumier Nicolas , Bas Sylvette , Pagano Sabrina , Montecucco Fabrizio , Guerne Pierre‐André , Finckh Axel , Lovis Christian , Mach François , Hochstrasser Denis , Roux‐Lombard Pascale , Gabay Cem 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether anti–apolipoprotein A‐1 (anti–Apo A‐1) IgG are associated with major cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe determined anti–Apo A‐1 IgG levels and the concentrations of cytokines, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1) MMP‐2, MMP‐3, and MMP‐9 in sera from 133 patients with RA who did not have cardiovascular disease at baseline, all of whom were longitudinally followed up over a median period of 9 years. A major cardiovascular event was defined as a fatal or nonfatal stroke or acute coronary syndrome. The proinflammatory effects of anti–Apo A‐1 IgG were assessed on human macrophages in vitro.ResultsDuring followup, the overall incidence of major cardiovascular events was 15% (20 of 133 patients). At baseline, anti–Apo A‐1 IgG positivity was 17% and was associated with a higher incidence of major cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5–12.1). Patients who experienced a subsequent major cardiovascular event had higher circulating levels of anti–Apo A‐1 IgG at baseline compared with those who did not have a major cardiovascular event. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that anti–Apo A‐1 IgG was the strongest of all tested biomarkers for the prediction of a subsequent major cardiovascular event, with an area under the curve value of 0.73 (P = 0.0008). At the predefined and previously validated cutoff levels, the specificity and sensitivity of anti–Apo A‐1 IgG to predict major cardiovascular events were 50% and 90%, respectively. Anti–Apo A‐1 IgG positivity was associated with higher median circulating levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), oxidized LDL, and MMP‐9 and higher proMMP‐9 activity as assessed by zymography. On human macrophages, anti–Apo A‐1 IgG induced a significant dose‐dependent increase in IL‐8 and MMP‐9 levels and proMMP‐9 activity.ConclusionAnti–Apo A‐1 IgG is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events in RA, possibly by affecting vulnerability to atherosclerotic plaque.
Racial disparities in age at time of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular‐related death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Scalzi Lisabeth V. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Wang Li 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether racial disparities exist with regard to the age at which patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD‐associated death.MethodsUsing the 2003–2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we calculated the age difference between patients with SLE and their race‐ and sex‐matched controls at the time of hospitalization for a cardiovascular event and for CVD‐associated death. In addition, we calculated the age difference between white patients with SLE and sex‐matched controls for each minority group for the same outcomes.ResultsThe mean age difference between women with and those without SLE at the time of admission for a CVD event was 10.5 years. All age differences between women with SLE (n = 3,627) and women without SLE admitted for CVD were significant (P < 0.0001). Among different racial groups with SLE, black women were the youngest to be admitted with CVD (53.9 years) and to have a CVD‐associated in‐hospital death (52.8 years; n = 218). Black women with SLE were 19.8 years younger than race‐ and sex‐matched controls at the time of CVD‐associated death. Admission trends for CVD were reversed for black women, such that the highest proportions of these patients were admitted before age 55 years, and then the proportions steadily decreased across age categories. Among the 805 men with SLE who were admitted with a CVD event, those who were black or Hispanic were youngest.ConclusionThere are significant racial disparities with regard to age at the time of hospital admission for CVD events and CVD‐related hospitalization resulting in death in patients with SLE.
Enhanced chemiluminescence: A sensitive analytical system for detection of sweet potato peroxidase
Authors: Vdovenko Marina M. , Della Ciana Leopoldo , Sakharov Ivan Y. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract3‐(10'‐Phenothiazinyl)propane‐1‐sulfonate (SPTZ) was shown to be a potent enhancer of anionic sweet potato peroxidase (aSPP)‐induced chemiluminescence. The optimal conditions for aSPP‐catalyzed oxidation of luminol were investigated by varying the concentrations of luminol, hydrogen peroxide, Tris, and SPTZ as well as the pH values of the reaction mixture. Addition of 4‐morpholinopyridine (MORP) to the reaction mixture markedly increased the light intensity. Using SPTZ and MORP together enhanced the effect 265 times. The lower detection limit (LDL) of SPP was 0.09 pM, approximately in 10 times lower than that for the cationic isozyme c of horseradish peroxidase/4‐iodophenol system. It was shown that aSPP in the presence of SPTZ produced a longer lasting chemiluminescent signal.
Borane–Lewis Base Complexes as Homolytic Hydrogen Atom Donors
Authors: Hioe Johnny , Karton Amir , Martin Jan M. L. , Zipse Hendrik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRadical stabilization energies (RSE)s have been calculated for a variety of boryl radicals complexed to Lewis bases at the G3(MP2)‐RAD level of theory. These are referenced to the BH bond dissociation energy (BDE) in BH3 determined at W4.3 level. High RSE values (and thus low BDE(BH) values) have been found for borane complexes of a variety of five‐ and six‐membered ring heterocycles. Variations of RSE values have been correlated with the strength of Lewis acid–Lewis base complex formation at the boryl radical stage. The analysis of charge‐ and spin‐density distributions shows that spin delocalization in the boryl radical complexes constitutes one of the mechanisms of radical stabilization.
Using a Threading‐Followed‐by‐Swelling Approach to Synthesize [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Ko Jia‐Ling , Ueng Shau‐Hua , Chiu Ching‐Wei , Lai Chien‐Chen , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chiu Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have developed a “threading‐followed‐by‐swelling” protocol to synthesize [2]rotaxanes efficiently and atom economically. Our protocol employs cis‐1‐[(Z)‐alk‐1′‐enyl]‐2‐vinylcyclopropane units as the termini of the threadlike components; these end groups are converted into more‐sizable cycloheptadiene motifs, which function as stopper units, through Cope rearrangements at elevated temperature. We used this approach to synthesize [2]rotaxanes in good yield from [2]pseudorotaxanes featuring either one or two swellable termini to interlock three different types of macrocycle. The chiral centers created by the swelling process were “erased” by hydrogenating the cycloheptadiene termini into the corresponding cycloheptane units, affording achiral molecular [2]rotaxanes as the only final products.
Cytologic appearance of myospherulosis of the breast diagnosed by fine‐needle aspirates: A clinical, cytological and immunocytochemical study of 23 cases
Authors: Hata Sakae , Kanomata Naoki , Kozuka Yuji , Fukuya Minako , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Ohno Eiji , Moriya, Takuya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to introduce the clinical and cytological aspects of myospherulosis. A total of 5,174 consecutive breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology cases were reviewed, among which 23 cases of myospherulosis of the breast were found, all in female patients. The main findings of myospherulosis, best seen with the Papanicolaou stain, consisted in the observation of spherules that were homogeneously smooth or contained one or more internal dense bodies. Routine Papanicolaou‐stained slides with or without Romanowsky staining were analyzed. Immunocytochemistry was conducted for carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), glycophorin C, KP1, and PGM1. The patients' ages ranged from 41 to 79 years (mean age: 56 years). Of the 23 patients, 21 had a previous history of breast surgery. Cytologically malignant or suspicious diagnoses were made in four of the 23 cases. The size of parent bodies varied from 18.2 to 151 μm (mean, 52 μm). The size of spherules ranged from 2.1 to 16.4 μm (mean, 6.6 μm). Immunocytochemistry showed that the myospherules reacted with anti‐CA1 and anti‐glycophorin C antibodies. Most breast myospheruloses occur in patients with a history of breast surgery. Immunocytochemistry for CA1 and glycophorin C can enhance the diagnosis of myospherulosis. Diagn. Cytopathol.2011;39:177–180. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle dysmorphia and the DSM‐V conundrum: Where does it belong? A review paper
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Rieger Elizabeth , Touyz Stephen W. , De la Garza García, Lic Yolanda 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveMuscle dysmorphia is a relatively recently identified psychological condition that, since its inception, has been variously conceptualized as an eating disorder and subsequently as a type of body dysmorphic disorder within the somatoform disorders. This review aims to inform and encourage ongoing debate surrounding the diagnostic placement of this disorder.MethodWe present a review and synthesis of the extant literature with a view to informing future decisions regarding the conceptualization of muscle dysmorphia.ResultsThe validity of muscle dysmorphia as a clinical entity has been empirically demonstrated. While the condition bears little semblance to somatization as currently conceptualized, the research suggests a strong conceptual similarity with anorexia nervosa. However, future research needs to utilize more appropriate measures of male eating disorder pathology. Muscle dysmorphia is also inclusive of obsessive compulsive features that are typical to those seen in eating disorder presentations.DiscussionWe suggest that muscle dysmorphia be reanalyzed through the lens of an eating disorder spectrum. Recognition of muscle dysmorphia as an eating disorder may offer more clinical utility in recognizing the male experience of eating disorder pathology and also help reduce the number of current male cases falling into the EDNOS category. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010; 43:483–491
EuIII‐Doping of Lamellar Bilayer and Amorphous Mono‐Amide Cross‐Linked Alkyl/Siloxane Hybrids
Authors: Nunes Silvia C. , Planelles‐Aragó José , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Carlos Luis D. , de Zea Bermudez Verónica 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwo structurally different but chemically similar families of alkyl/siloxane mono‐amidosil hosts, represented by m‐A(x) [where x = 14 or 8 represents the number of CH2 groups of the pendant alkyl chains directly bonded to the carbonyl group of the amide cross‐link] have been doped with a wide range of concentrations of Eu(CF3SO3)3. Mono‐amidosils m‐A(x)nEu(CF3SO3)3 with n ≥ 10 (where n is the molar ratio of carbonyl groups per Eu3+ ion) have been analyzed. The m‐A(8)nEu(CF3SO3)3 mono‐amidosils are transparent and amorphous films, in which the alkyl chains adopt gauche conformations. In contrast, the m‐A(14)nEu(CF3SO3)3 mono‐amidosils are solid powders; here the lamellar bilayer hierarchical structure of m‐A(14) coexists with a new lamellar phase in which the Eu3+ ions are bonded to carbonyl oxygen atoms of the amide groups. At n = 10 the hydrogen‐bonded associations formed are highly ordered and considerably stronger than those found in the less concentrated hybrids and in the nondoped matrices. “Free” and weakly coordinated triflate ions occur in all the mono‐amidosil samples. The hybrids are white light emitters (maximum quantum yield: 0.08 ± 0.01), presenting a broad emission band in the blue/purplish‐blue spectral region (ascribed to the hybrid host) superimposed on the 5D0→7F0–4 Eu3+ intra‐4f6 transitions. Two Eu3+ local coordination sites (named A and B) have been discerned in both systems. Site A is attributed to weakly coordinated Eu3+/CF3SO3– ion pairs, whereas site B involves Eu3+ coordination to the oxygen atoms of the C=O groups, of the CF3SO3– ions and of the water molecules. For site B, the long‐range order of the hybrid host induces distinct features in the energy of the 5D0→7F0–4 transitions, the 5D0 lifetime and the degree of covalency of the Eu3+–first‐ligand bonds.
Decolorization of simulated textile dye baths by crude laccases from Trametes hirsuta and Cerrena unicolor
Authors: Moilanen Ulla , Osma Johann F. , Winquist Erika , Leisola Matti , Couto Susana Rodríguez 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study crude laccases from the white‐rot fungi Cerrena unicolor and Trametes hirsuta were tested for their ability to decolorize simulated textile dye baths. The dyes used were Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) (100 mg/L), Congo Red (12.5 mg/L), Lanaset Grey (75 mg/L) and Poly R‐478 (50 mg/L). The effect of redox mediators on dye decolorization by laccases was also assessed. C. unicolor laccase was able to decolorize all the dyes tested. It was especially effective towards Congo Red and RBBR with 91 and 80% of color removal in 19.5 h despite the fact that simulated textile dye baths were used. Also Poly R‐478 and Lanaset Grey were partially decolorized (69 and 48%, respectively). C. unicolor laccase did not need any mediators for removing the dyes. However, T. hirsuta laccase was only able to decolorize simulated Congo Red and RBBR dye baths (91 and 45%, respectively) in 19.5 h without mediators. When using mediators the decolorization capability was enhanced substantially, e.g. Poly R‐478 was decolorized by 78% in 25.5 h. On the whole, both laccases showed potential to be used in industrial applications.
Development of level set method with good area preservation to predict interface in two‐phase flows
Authors: Sheu Tony W. H. , Yu C. H. , Chiu P. H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA two‐step conservative level set method is proposed in this study to simulate the gas/water two‐phase flow. For the sake of accuracy, the spatial derivative terms in the equations of motion for an incompressible fluid flow are approximated by the coupled compact scheme. For accurately predicting the modified level set function, the dispersion‐relation‐preserving advection scheme is developed to preserve the theoretical dispersion relation for the first‐order derivative terms shown in the pure advection equation cast in conservative form. For the purpose of retaining its long‐time accurate Casimir functionals and Hamiltonian in the transport equation for the level set function, the time derivative term is discretized by the sixth‐order accurate symplectic Runge–Kutta scheme. To resolve contact discontinuity oscillations near interface, nonlinear compression flux term and artificial damping term are properly added to the second‐step equation of the modified level set method. For the verification of the proposed dispersion‐relation‐preserving scheme applied in non‐staggered grids for solving the incompressible flow equations, three benchmark problems have been chosen in this study. The conservative level set method with area‐preserving property proposed for capturing the interface in incompressible fluid flows is also verified by solving the dam‐break, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, bubble rising in water, and droplet falling in water problems. Good agreements with the referenced solutions are demonstrated in all the investigated problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An fMRI study of risk‐taking following wins and losses: Implications for the gambler's fallacy
Authors: Xue Gui , Lu Zhonglin , Levin Irwin P. , Bechara Antoine 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHuman decision‐making involving independent events is often biased and affected by prior outcomes. Using a controlled task that allows us to manipulate prior outcomes, the present study examined the effect of prior outcomes on subsequent decisions in a group of young adults. We found that participants were more risk‐seeking after losing a gamble (riskloss) than after winning a gamble (riskwin), a pattern resembling the gambler's fallacy. Functional MRI data revealed that decisions after riskloss were associated with increased activation in the frontoparietal network, but decreased activation in the caudate and ventral striatum. The increased risk‐seeking behavior after a loss showed a trend of positive correlation with activation in the frontoparietal network and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex but a trend of negative correlation with activation in the amgydala and caudate. In addition, there was a trend of positive correlation between feedback‐related activation in the left lateral frontal cortex and subsequent increased risk‐seeking behavior. These results suggest that a strong cognitive control mechanism but a weak affective decision‐making and reinforcement learning mechanism that usually contribute to flexible, goal‐directed decisions can lead to decision biases involving random events. This has significant implications for our understanding of the gambler's fallacy and human decision making under risk. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.