bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IsoGeometric Analysis: Stable elements for the 2D Stokes equation
Authors: Buffa A. , de Falco C. , Sangalli G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the application of IsoGeometric Analysis to incompressible viscous flow problems. We consider, as a prototype problem, the Stokes system and we propose various choices of compatible spline spaces for the approximations to the velocity and the pressure fields. The proposed choices can be viewed as extensions of the Taylor–Hood, Nédélec and Raviart–Thomas pairs of finite element spaces, respectively. We study the stability and convergence properties of each method and discuss the conservation properties of the discrete velocity field in each case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective neck dissection in the management of the neck after (chemo)radiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Proposal for a classification update
Authors: Hamoir Marc , Leemans C.René , Dolivet Gilles , Schmitz Sandra , Grégoire Vincent , Andry Guy 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor patients with advanced regional disease, neck dissection following (chemo)radiotherapy remains controversial. Selective neck dissection (SND) was reported as suitable after chemoradiation in patients with advanced regional disease. Reduced morbidity represents the major advantage of SND. In a situation in which there is a major fibrosis around the previously invaded nodes, resection of 1 or more nonlymphatic structures may be required. The current classification of SND could be implemented by the addition of extended selective neck dissection (ESND). The standard basic procedures for SND spare the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), the internal jugular vein (IJV), and the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). When an SND is associated with the resection of 1 or more nonlymphatic structures, it should be termed ESND. All additional nonlymphatic structure(s) removed should be identified in parentheses. The proposal to subclassify SND not only in accord with the resected lymph node levels but also upon the nonlymphatic structures removed may be of some help to avoid potential misinterpretation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Chloride channel ClC‐3 promotion of osteogenic differentiation through Runx2
Authors: Wang Huan , Mao Yong , Zhang Bin , Wang Tao , Li Feifei , Fu Shanmin , Xue Yang , Yang Ting , Wen Xuan , Ding Yin , Duan Xiaohong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractClC‐3 chloride channel has been speculated to contribute to the acidification of synaptic vesicles and endosomes. However, the biological function of ClC‐3 in osteogenesis remains to be determined. In this study, we first analyzed ClC‐3 expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells and primary mouse osteoblasts and then performed the osteoinductive procedure to determine the effects on gene expression. Subsequently, we transiently transfected ClC‐3 cDNA or ClC‐3‐siRNA into MC3T3‐E1 cells to determine the changed phenotype and gene expression. Lastly, we assessed the underlying mechanism responsible for ClC‐3‐induced osteodifferentiation. We found that ClC‐3 mRNA was expressed in primary mouse osteoblasts and MC3T3‐E1 cells and induced by using an osteoinductive procedure. We also found that overexpression of ClC‐3 contributed to osteodifferentiation, such as increase in the expression of osteogenic markers [alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteocalcin (Oc), bone sialoprotein (Bsp), osterix (Osx), and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2)], morphological changes, and mineralized nodules in MC3T3‐E1 cells. ClC‐3 gene silencing suppressed gene expression of these osteogenic markers. Moreover, overexpressed ClC‐3 protein co‐localized with TGF‐β1 in intracellular organelles, inhibited TGF‐β1 protein expression and induced endosomal acidification. Nevertheless, knockdown of Runx2 expression antagonized the effects of ClC‐3 in osteodifferentiation and expression of osteogenic markers. The data from the current study suggest that the function of ClC‐3 in osteodifferentiation may be through the Runx2 pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 49–58, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The biology and pathology of vitamin D control in bone
Authors: Bell Taison D. , Demay Marie B. , Burnett‐Bowie Sherri‐Ann M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractVitamin D is a steroid pro‐hormone, whose active metabolite binds the vitamin D receptor (VDR) which, in turn, binds to DNA sequences on target genes as a heterodimer with the retinoid‐X receptor, resulting in regulation of gene expression. The vitamin D pro‐hormone can be synthesized in the skin, in response to ultraviolet radiation; however, dietary sources have become increasingly important as a result of cultural changes over the past few centuries. Based on its initial discovery as an anti‐rachitic factor, studies of the role of vitamin D and its receptor have largely focused on the skeleton. Investigations into the pathophysiologic basis and therapeutic responses of skeletal disorders associated with impaired vitamin D action have led to the identification of the molecular pathways involved in hormone activation and regulation of gene expression by the liganded VDR. These studies have also demonstrated that the skeletal actions of the VDR and its ligand are largely redundant if normal mineral ion homeostasis can be maintained by other means. However, investigations in animal models with tissue‐specific ablation of the VDR or the enzyme required for hormone activation have demonstrated novel actions in skeletal tissues. The active vitamin D metabolite has been shown to have both paracrine and endocrine actions in other tissues as well. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 7–13, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) protects cultured mouse embryonic stem cells from H2O2‐mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Zhang Chi , Jia Pingping , Jia Yuanyuan , Weissbach Herbert , Webster Keith A. , Huang Xupei , Lemanski Sharon L. , Achary Mohan , Lemanski Larry F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMethionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), a member of the Msr gene family, can reduce methionine sulfoxide residues in proteins formed by oxidation of methionine by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Msr is an important protein repair system which can also function to scavenge ROS. Our studies have confirmed the expression of MsrA in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in culture conditions. A cytosol‐located and mitochondria‐enriched expression pattern has been observed in these cells. To confirm the protective function of MsrA in ESCs against oxidative stress, a siRNA approach has been used to knockdown MsrA expression in ES cells which showed less resistance than control cells to hydrogen peroxide treatment. Overexpression of MsrA gene products in ES cells showed improved survivability of these cells to hydrogen peroxide treatment. Our results indicate that MsrA plays an important role in cellular defenses against oxidative stress in ESCs. Msr genes may provide a new target in stem cells to increase their survivability during the therapeutic applications. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 94–103, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profile of the embryonic markers nanog, OCT‐4, SSEA‐1, SSEA‐4, and frizzled‐9 receptor in human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Trubiani Oriana , Zalzal Sylvia Francis , Paganelli Roberto , Marchisio Marco , Giancola Raffaella , Pizzicannella Jacopo , Bühring Hans‐Jörg , Piattelli Maurizio , Caputi Sergio , Nanci Antonio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self‐renewing cells with the ability to differentiate into various mesodermal‐derived tissues. Recently, we have identified in adult human periodontal ligament (PDL) a population of stem cells (PDL‐MSCs) with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The aim of the present work was to further characterize this population and the expression profile of its cells. To achieve our objective we have used flow cytometry, magnetic cell sorting, cytokine antibody array, and light and electron microscope immunostaining. Our results show that the PDL‐MSCs contain a subpopulation of frizzled‐9 (CD349) positive cells expressing a panel of key mesenchymal and embryonic markers including CD10, CD26, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, SSEA‐1, and SSEA‐4. They are additionally positive for nanog and Oct‐4; two critical transcription factors directing self‐renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and they also express the cytokines EGF and IP‐10. The presence of nanog, Oct‐4, SSEA‐1, and SSEA‐4 suggests that PDL‐MSCs are less differentiated than bone marrow‐derived MSCs. Taken together, these data indicate the presence of immature MSCs in PDL and suggest that the frizzled‐9/Wnt pathway plays an important role in regulating proliferation and differentiation of these cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 123–131, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential localization of putative stem/progenitor cells in human bulbar conjunctival epithelium
Authors: Qi Hong , Zheng Xiaofen , Yuan Xiaoyong , Pflugfelder Stephen C. , Li De‐Quan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlthough the conjunctival fornix appears to contain the greatest proportion of stem cells, it is likely that pockets of conjunctival epithelial stem cells may also exist throughout the conjunctival epithelium. This study was to investigate the potential localization of putative stem/progenitor cells in the human bulbar conjunctival epithelium by evaluating 6 keratins and 13 molecules that have been previously proposed stem cell associated or differentiation markers. We found that cornea specific cytokeratin (CK) 3 was not expressed by the bulbar conjunctival epithelial cells. In contrast, CK4 and CK7 were expressed by the superficial cells of bulbar conjunctival epithelium. CK14 and CK15 were confined to the basal cell layer. CK19 was strongly expressed by all layers of the bulbar conjunctival epithelium. The expression patterns of molecular markers in the basal cells of human bulbar conjunctival epithelium were found to be similar to the corneal epithelium. Basal conjunctival epithelial cells strongly expressed stem cell associated markers, including ABCG2, p63, nerve growth factor (NGF) with its receptors tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA) and neurotrophin low‐affinity receptor p75NTR, glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) with its receptor GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα‐1), integrin β1, α‐enolase, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The differentiation associated markers nestin, E‐cadherin and involucrin were not expressed by these cells. These findings indicate that the basal cells of bulbar conjunctival epithelium shares a similar expression pattern of stem cell associated markers to the corneal epithelium, but has a unique pattern of differentiation associated cytokeratin expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 180–185, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative multiparametric PROPELLER MRI of diethylnitrosamine‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in wister rat model
Authors: Deng Jie , Jin Ning , Yin Xiaoming , Yang Guang‐Yu , Zhang Zhuoli , Omary Reed A. , Larson Andrew C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:To develop a quantitative multiparametric PROPELLER (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach and its application in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN) chemically induced rodent model of hepatocarcinogenesis for lesion characterization.Materials and Methods:In nine rats with 33 cirrhosis‐associated hepatic nodules including regenerative nodule (RN), dysplastic nodule (DN), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and cyst, multiparametric PROPELLER MRI (diffusion‐weighted, T2/M0 (proton density) mapping and T1‐weighted) were performed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, T2 and M0 maps of each tumor were generated. We compared ADC, T2, and M0 measurements for each type of hepatic nodule, confirmed at histopathology.Results:PROPELLER images and resultant parametric maps were inherently coregistered without image distortion or motion artifacts. All types of hepatic nodules demonstrated complex imaging characteristics within conventional T1‐ and T2‐weighted images. Quantitatively, cysts were distinguished from RN, DN, and HCC with significantly higher ADC and T2; however, there was no significant difference of ADC and T2 between HCC, DN, and RN. Mean tumor M0 values of HCC were significantly higher than those of DN, RN, and cysts.Conclusion:This study exploited quantitative PROPELLER MRI and multidimensional analysis approaches in an attempt to differentiate hepatic nodules in the DEN rodent model of hepatocarcinogenesis. This method offers great potential for parallel parameterization during noninvasive interrogation of hepatic tissue properties. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1242–1251. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of (deep infiltrating) endometriosis: The value of diffusion‐weighted imaging
Authors: Busard M.P.H. , Mijatovic V. , van Kuijk C. , Pieters‐van den Bos I.C. , Hompes P.G.A. , van Waesberghe J.H.T.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurposeTo assess the value of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the evaluation of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).Materials and MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, DWI was added to the standard MRI protocol in 56 consecutive patients with known or suspected endometriosis. Endometriotic lesions as well as (functional) ovarian cysts were analyzed for location, size, and signal intensity on T1, T2, and DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated using b‐values of 50, 400, 800, and 1200 s/mm2. Statistical analysis included the Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsA total of 112 lesions (62 endometrial cysts and 48 DIE) were detected, 60 of which were large enough to analyze. Mean ADC values of endometrial cysts and functional ovarian cysts were 1.11 × 10−3/mm2/s and 2.14 × 10−3/mm2/s, respectively. Mean ADC values of DIE retrocervical, infiltrating the colon, and bladder were 0.70 × 10−3/mm2/s, 0.79 × 10−3/mm2/s, and 0.76 × 10−3/mm2/s, respectively. ADC values of DIE did not show a significant difference between varying pelvic locations (P = 0.63).ConclusionResults of our study suggest that ADC values of DIE are consistently low, without significant difference between pelvic locations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1117–1123. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual pathway lesion and its development during hyperbaric oxygen treatment: A bold‐ fMRI and DTI study
Authors: Chen Ziqian , Ni Ping , Lin Yuning , Xiao Hui , Chen Jinhua , Qian Gennian , Ye Youqiang , Xu Shangwen , Wang Jinliang , Yang Xizhang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurposeTo characterize and evaluate functional and anatomic changes of visual pathway lesions during hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment with blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent functional MRI (BOLD‐fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Materials and MethodsSixteen patients with visual pathway lesions received HBO treatment. Both BOLD‐fMRI and DTI were performed before and after the treatment, while 12 healthy subjects were also studied with 2 examinations as control. The t‐tests were used for the comparison of number of activated voxels (AVs) and fractional anisotropy (FA) between the two groups, and within the patient group before and after HBO treatment. Visual acuity of the patient group before and after the treatment was compared using Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsBefore the treatment, both AVs (P < 0.01) and FA (P < 0.05) in the bilateral cortexes of occipital lobes were significantly less in the patient group than in the control group. After the treatment, both AVs (P < 0.05) and FA (P < 0.05) were significantly increased. Moreover, The FA of 6 patients with lesions in the optical nerve was greater than the FA of the other 10 patients with lesions in the optic radiation (P < 0.05).ConclusionBOLD‐fMRI combined with DTI was useful for the characterization and evaluation of anatomic and functional changes of visual pathway lesions and their development during HBO treatment. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1054–1060. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fat suppression with short inversion time inversion‐recovery and chemical‐shift selective saturation: A dual STIR‐CHESS combination prepulse for turbo spin echo pulse sequences
Authors: Tanabe Koji , Nishikawa Keiichi , Sano Tsukasa , Sakai Osamu , Jara Hernán 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:To test a newly developed fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prepulse that synergistically uses the principles of fat suppression via inversion recovery (STIR) and spectral fat saturation (CHESS), relative to pure CHESS and STIR. This new technique is termed dual fat suppression (Dual‐FS).Materials and Methods:To determine if Dual‐FS could be chemically specific for fat, the phantom consisted of the fat‐mimicking NiCl2 aqueous solution, porcine fat, porcine muscle, and water was imaged with the three fat‐suppression techniques. For Dual‐FS and STIR, several inversion times were used. Signal intensities of each image obtained with each technique were compared. To determine if Dual‐FS could be robust to magnetic field inhomogeneities, the phantom consisting of different NiCl2 aqueous solutions, porcine fat, porcine muscle, and water was imaged with Dual‐FS and CHESS at the several off‐resonance frequencies. To compare fat suppression efficiency in vivo, 10 volunteer subjects were also imaged with the three fat‐suppression techniques.Results:Dual‐FS could suppress fat sufficiently within the inversion time of 110–140 msec, thus enabling differentiation between fat and fat‐mimicking aqueous structures. Dual‐FS was as robust to magnetic field inhomogeneities as STIR and less vulnerable than CHESS. The same results for fat suppression were obtained in volunteers.Conclusion:The Dual‐FS‐STIR‐CHESS is an alternative and promising fat suppression technique for turbo spin echo MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1277–1281. ©2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced image quality in black‐blood MRI using the improved motion‐sensitized driven‐equilibrium (iMSDE) sequence
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Yarnykh Vasily L. , Yuan Chun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurposeTo propose an improved motion‐sensitized driven‐equilibrium (iMSDE) pulse sequence to enhance the tissue signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) while maintaining the same flow suppression capability in black‐blood carotid artery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsCompared to the traditional MSDE sequence, the iMSDE sequence uses an extra refocusing pulse and two extra gradients to achieve SNR improvement. Computer simulation and phantom studies were used to evaluate both eddy currents and local B1 inhomogeneity effects on SNR behaviors on both MSDE and iMSDE images. To further assess the SNR improvements brought by iMSDE in vivo, five healthy volunteers were also scanned with both sequences. The paired t‐test was used for statistical comparison.ResultsBoth simulations and phantom studies demonstrated that eddy currents and local B1 inhomogeneity will cause image SNR reduction in the MSDE sequence, and that these factors can be partially compensated for with the iMSDE sequence. In vivo comparison showed that the iMSDE sequence significantly improved the tissue‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and static tissue SNR (P < 0.001 for both), while maintaining low lumen SNR in carotid MRI.ConclusionCompared to the traditional MSDE sequence, the iMSDE sequence can achieve improved soft‐tissue SNR and CNR in carotid artery MRI without sacrificing flow suppression capability and time efficiency. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1256–1263. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative diffusion weighted imaging for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions: The influence of the choice of b‐values
Authors: Peters Nicky H.G.M. , Vincken Koen L. , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Luijten Peter R. , Mali Willem P.Th.M. , Bartels Lambertus W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the influence of the choice of different combinations of b‐values on the ADC and on the diagnostic performance of quantitative diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in breast lesions.Materials and Methods:Seventy‐three patients (90 lesions) underwent 3 Tesla (T) breast MRI including a DWI‐scan using b‐values 0, 150, 499, and 1500 s/mm2 and histological analysis. Five combinations of b‐values were used to calculate the ADC, each with different sensitivities to perfusion and diffusion effects. The median ADC of benign lesions, noninvasive carcinomas and invasive carcinomas and the diagnostic performance of the five methods were compared.Results:Eighty‐eight lesions were analyzed (37 benign, 13 noninvasive carcinomas, 38 invasive carcinomas). The median ADC was highest in benign lesions, intermediate in noninvasive carcinomas and lowest in invasive carcinomas for all methods. Calculating the ADC with the lowest 2 b‐values yielded the highest ADC for all lesions types; the highest 2 b‐values yielded the lowest ADC. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was approximately equal for all methods.Conclusion:The ADC of breast lesions varied substantially with the choice of different b‐values, indicating that absolute ADC threshold values to differentiate benign and malignant lesions should be interpreted with caution. However, the diagnostic performance of quantitative DWI was not affected by the choice of different b‐values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1100–1105. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of brown adipose tissue in mice with fat–water IDEAL‐MRI
Authors: Hu Houchun H. , Smith Daniel L. , Nayak Krishna S. , Goran Michael I. , Nagy Tim R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the feasibility of using IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation) fat–water imaging and the resultant fat fraction metric in detecting brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice, and in differentiating BAT from white adipose tissue (WAT).Materials and Methods:Excised WAT and BAT samples and whole‐mice carcasses were imaged with a rapid three‐dimensional fat–water IDEAL‐SPGR sequence on a 3 Tesla scanner using a single‐channel wrist coil. An isotropic voxel size of 0.6 mm was used. Excised samples were also scanned with single‐voxel proton spectroscopy. Fat fraction images from IDEAL were reconstructed online using research software, and regions of WAT and BAT were quantified.Results:A broad fat fraction range for BAT was observed (40–80%), in comparison to a tighter and higher WAT range of 90–93%, in both excised tissue samples and in situ. Using the fat fraction metric, the interscapular BAT depot in each carcass could be clearly identified, as well as peri‐renal and inguinal depots that exhibited a mixed BAT and WAT phenotype appearance.Conclusion:Due to BAT's multi‐locular fat distribution and extensive mitochondrial, cytoplasm, and vascular supply, its fat content is significantly less than that of WAT. We have demonstrated that the fat fraction metric from IDEAL‐MRI is a sensitive and quantitative approach to noninvasively characterize BAT. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1195–1202. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.