bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Cabanis M. , Krug A. , Pyka M. , Walter H. , Winterer G. , Müller B. , Herrlich J. , Wiedemann G. , Vogeley K. , Rapp A. , Klingberg S. , Kircher T. 
Published: May 2011

There is evidence that patients with persecutory delusions tend to attribute excessively hypothetical positive events to internal causes and hypothetical negative events to external causes, arrive at hasty conclusions and fail in gathering and assessing adequate feedback, particularly when emotionally salient material is involved. Research on the neural correlates of the corresponding neural correlates and even more so on the potential effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the associated cerebral networks is almost unavailable.The first and preliminary results of a multicentre fMRI study will be presented.In this study eighty schizophrenia patients from the POSITIVE clinical trial and eighty healthy subjects were recruited at six German university hospitals (Bonn, Duisburg-Essen, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Cologne, Tubingen). After nine months of therapy (either with CBT or Supportive Therapy) patients and controls were re-examined enabling the study correlates of cerebral reorganization processes.We found reliable differences in brain activation relating to phenomena of decision making under uncertainty, and biased attribution (self- vs. external reference of emotional events).The comparison of both groups revealed significant decreased activation in key areas for decision making, self-reflection, self-relevance and agency attribution of patients with schizophrenia.The preliminary data analysis of the still blinded treatment arms shows significantly increased activations in these areas after nine months of CBT. This suggest neuroplasitic changes according to relearning strategies in psychotic patients with schizophrenia and will hopefully give rise to a more widespread application of CBT in treatment of schizophrenia.
Difficulties identifying feelings, alexithymic features and brain responses in social phobia trait: an fMRI study
Authors: Carré A. , Tran E. , Gierski F. , Bera-Potelle C. , Hubsch B. , Portefaix C. , Kaladjian A. , Besche-Richard C. , Pierot L. , Limosin F. 
Published: May 2011

AimsA growing body of research now documents a specific pattern of brain activation during emotional tasks in patients with social phobia. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that non-clinical participants show a similar pattern of responses. Clinical and physiological data from literature highlight that social anxiety is associated with difficulties in emotional managing. However, much less is known about the part of alexithymia in social phobia, as far as clinical and infra-clinical (high shyness) approaches are concerned.MethodFour hundred undergraduate university students were screened with an anxiety and social phobia questionnaire. Forty participants, with low and high levels of social phobia, were then included according to a dimensional approach. Each participant underwent a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation that included a structured clinical interview for current and past psychiatric disorders and psychometric scales, including the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Participants were asked to make gender discrimination choices when viewing faces that showed happiness, fear, anger, sadness, neutral expressions or distractors while in a 3 Tesla fMRI scanner.ResultsAs expected, social phobia trait was correlated with TAS-20 scores, and specifically in “difficulties identifying feelings”. Brain activations showed an evolutionary pattern response in correlation with social phobia and alexithymia concerning limbic regions (amygdala and insula). Social phobia trait seems to be particularly receptive to anger faces.ConclusionOur findings support the hypothesis that alexithymia play a major role in social anxiety disorder. Identifying feelings could explain alexithymic functioning in social phobia, clinically and physiologically.
Profitability of cranial CT scans in emergency services
Authors: de la Vega D.C. , García Dorado M. , Andrada Meyer J. , Durán Cristóbal I. , Arcenegui Calvo Á. , Chinchilla Moreno A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe request of diagnostic imagining techniques, such as CT, is sometimes necessary when working in the emergency service as a psychiatrist. Common circumstances that need CT are altered level of consciousness, absence of psychiatric history, sudden beginning of the symptoms or visual hallucinations.ObjectivesTo study the profitability of the cranial CT for patients with psychiatric symptoms in the Emergency Service.MethodsRetrospective review of the cranial CT was made to patients who presented psychiatric symptoms in the Emergency Service of our hospital from November 2009 to July 2010 using Hospital Ramon Cajal’s history software.ResultsWe collected a total of 94 patients.-Sex: there were no important differences, 45,7% were women and 53,3% were men. -Age: < 18 years (3,2%), 18–30 years (12,8%), 31–40 (7,4%), 41–50 (26,6%), 51–60 (17%), 61–70 (14,9%), >71 (18,1%) Cause of consulting: The most frequent cause of consulting was “behavior disorder” (35,1%) and psychotic symptoms (14,9%). Other causes were altered level of consciousness and neurological symptoms.Image findings: It stands out that up to a 63,8% of the patients had no significant radiological findings. The most frequent diagnosis (26,6%) was cortical-subcortical atrophy, followed by vascular cerebral illness in 9,6%.Diagnosis: 20,2% were diagnosticated of psychotic disorder, 11,7% neurological disorder and 10,6% dementia.Conclusions-Only in 6,4% of the cases the image results were indispensable to reach a correct diagnosis.-Cranial CT requests should not be made routinely and guides should be followed more strictly.
Study of brain asymmetries in sporadic and familial first episode patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Deng W. , Zou L. , Cui L. , Huang C. , Chen Z. , Li M. , Jiang L. , He Z. , Lui S. , Gong Q. , Li T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlthough the deviations of brain volume deficits in sporadic and familial first-episode schizophrenia patients (FEP) had been presented, the difference of brain asymmetries remained unidentified.ObjectivesTo assess the potential differences of volumetric asymmetries of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) between groups.AimsTo find out the different injury alteration of sporadic FEP and familial FEP.Methods42 sporadic and 30 familiar drug-naïve FEP with and 72 matched normal controls (NC) were recruited. Participants were assessed with neuropsychological tests and scanned by a 3.0T MRI to obtain T1-weighted and DTI images. Lateralization distribution maps of GM and WM volume were generated by employing optimized voxel-based morphometry. The asymmetries were analyzed by comparing calculating Laterality Index (LI) voxel by voxel.ResultsAll three groups showed similar overall brain torque. Familiar FEP have more regional extensive GM asymmetry brain lesions compared to sporadic FEP. There was no shared regional lesion between two groups. LIGM and LIWM in right superior temporal were negatively correlated. Significant negative correlations were also found between LIGM of left superior parietal lobule and LIWM of right superior parietal lobule, and between LIGM of right inferior parietal lobule and LIWM of left inferior parietal lobule. The asymmetry in distinct brain regions were related to cognitive deficits especially in the domains of language and memory.ConclusionsThe two patient groups had different alteration in injuries of brain asymmetry. Familiar FEP has more GM extensive asymmetry brain region, which may correlate with their high genetic burdens.
Increased visual-ventral prefrontal cortical coupling during facial affect recognition
Authors: Dima D. , Stephan K.E. , Roiser J.P. , Frangou S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEmotional regulation is a crucial aspect of adaptive behaviour and social interaction, and is often disrupted in a range of psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesIn the past decade, neuroimaging studies have identified key components of the neural networks that underpin emotional processing during facial affect recognition. Although these networks are extremely interconnected, current evidence points to the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) as having a pivotal role in emotional regulation.AimsWe were particularly interested in specifying the functional interrelationships of VPFC with component network regions and in exploring potential modulation by the valence of the facial affect.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 40 healthy individuals during a facial affect recognition task involving fearful, sad and angry facial expressions. Within the networks engaged by the task, we used Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) to measure effective connectivity followed by Bayesian Model Selection to identify the model best model fitting our data and Bayesian Model Averaging to analyze the endogenous connections and the modulatory influence of affect.ResultsProcessing of all three facial expressions engaged the visual cortex, fusiform gyrus, amygdala and VPFC. DCM analysis showed that the connection between the visual cortex and the VPFC plays a more important role in the recognition of facial emotions than other regions.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for the central role of a valence independent increase in visual cortical and VPFC coupling during the processing of facial affect.
Intrahemispheric EEG coherence in neurotic patients
Authors: Dokukina T.V. , Misuik N.N. , Minser M.F. 
Published: May 2011

When studying the structure of intercentral relations reflected in electrical activity of different brain parts, we use calculation of complex function of coherence (Coh). High level of Coh between electrical processes indicates that they originate from the same source or that the sources of these processes are functionally related. The level of Coh between functionally separate parts will be low.The goal of our study was to examine the level of intrahemispheric Coh in patients suffering from organic pseudoneurotic disorders F06.3–F06.8 and F07.0–F07.8 according to ICD-10 and neuroses (stress-related disorders) F 4.We examined 100 healthy people, 100 patients with organic pseudoneurotic disorders and 65 patients with stress-related disorders aged 18–50. Pseudoneurotic symptomatology in patients with pseudoneurotic disorders was represented with asthenovegetative, asthenodepressive, emotionally labile and anxiety disorders occurring as a result of cerebral injuries, neuroinfections, and chronic vascular processes. The same symptomatology was observed in patients with neuroses. The study was conducted on 16-channel encephalograph “Mitsar” in spectral and coherent analysis modes.Coh was detected in left and right hemispheres.The level of intrahemispheric coherence of all rhythms (especially of beta-rhythm) was Identically increased in both hemispheres, more evidently in electrode pairs: frontopolar and temporal, temporal and occipital, central and occipital in both group of patients. There were no differences revealed in intrahemispheric coherence rates between patients with organic pseudoneurotic disorders and with neuroses.
Brain mapping criteria in diagnostic of brain state in epilepsy
Authors: Dokukina T.V. , Misuik N.N. , Dakukina V.V. , Kozmidiadi A.O. 
Published: May 2011

Digital EEG criteria which help to differ EEG of patients with organic brain damage and healthy ones invented by Misiuk N. and coauthors (2003). They are: alpha-rhythm mean and peak frequency ≥9.15 Hz both, slow-wave activity index < 29%, beta- and alpha-activity correct spatial organization. Scientifically proved that appearance of anyone abovementioned characteristic means actuality of brain damage. Their reduction is a sign of brain state rehabilitation.The aim of the investigation was to study the chance to use abovementioned diagnostic system as criteria of remission/acute condition of epilepsy.Objectives182 patients with epilepsy aged 18–55 years observed recurrently for 5–9 years. Etiologically epilepsy was symptomatic (n = 108), idiopathic (n = 26) and cryptogenic (n = 48). Remission for ≥2 year period was set in 67% cases.MethodsDigital EEG performed on 19 channels and analyzed in spectral and period metric regimen.ResultsBrain mapping (digital EEG) revealed organic brain damage patterns (1–4 Digital EEG signs) in 81.9% of cases: 86.1% for symptomatic, 69.2% for idiopathic, 79.2% for cryptogenic epilepsy among patients with acute phase of disease. When remission achieved EEG patterns exposition decreased dramatically - from 81.9% to 9.8%.ConclusionThe data obtained fits the hypothesis that activity of epilepsy defined by mean of Digital EEG. These characteristics of the brain’ functional state are very sensible and neurologists have possibility to take into account this information while prescribing or depriving anticonvulsants.
Abnormalities in cool (inhibition response) and hot (reward anticipation) executive functions in medication naïve ADHD adults
Authors: Fernàndez V.R. , Quiroga J.A.R. , Munso R.B. , Brugué M.C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.Current accounts of ADHD postulate the existence of at least two different but not mutually exclusive ADHD endophenotypes: those characterized by cognitive executive function (“cool EF”) abnormalities, presumably produced by dysfunctions in dopaminergic mesocortical branches; and those characterized by abnormalities in reward management processes (also know as “hot EF”), which are thought to result from alterations in dopaminergic mesolimbic circuits.The aim of the present study is to assess brain activity during “cool EF” and “hot EF” in adults with ADHD and to identify the neurobiological and behavioral interrelation between the each of the processes.MethodsSample: 19 control subjects and 19 ADHD adults, naïve.In order to assess “cool EF”, we employed a paradigm assessing inhibition response, the Go-noGo task. A reward paradigm was used to assess hot EF functions.ResultsPreliminary results are in line with previous functional magnetic resonance imaging showing reduced ventro-striatal activation during reward anticipation in ADHD. In addition, results derived form the inhibition response paradigm are also in agreement with neuroimaging and lesion studies, appointing the right inferior frontal cortex as a key region for inhibition processing.ConclusionsOur results indicate the existence of alterations in cool EF and hot EF as reflected by abnormal activity in dopaminergic mesocortical and dopaminergic mesolimbic circuits. These findings underline the importance of taking into account both “cool EF” and “hot EF” in order to understand the neurobiology of ADHD.
Multimodal imaging of an astrocytoma affecting the amygdalar region
Authors: Fink M. , Moser U. , Pezawas L. , Savli M. , Stein P. , Hahn A. , Spindelegger C. , Wadsak W. , Windischberger C. , Mitterhauser M. , Kasper S. , Lanzenberger R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRegional alterations of serotonergic neurotransmission and functional activation in the amygdalar region of patients with major depression are underpinning its important role in affective disorders. In this study we used fMRI and PET to describe functional and molecular alterations associtated with an astrocytoma in the left amygdalar region in a patient with organic depressive disorder compared to control subjects.MethodsThe serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor binding (BPND) was quantified with PET (30 frames, 90 min, 4.4 mm FWHM) in 36 subjects using the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635, and a reference tissue model (MRTM2). In fMRI (3T, EPI inplane resolution 1.6*2.7 mm, 10 AC-PC orientated slices, ST = 3 mm, TE/TR = 31/1000 ms), 32 participants performed emotion discrimination and sensorimotor control tasks. Statistical analysis with SPM5 and unpaired t-tests were performed on molecular and functional data separately.ResultsThe astrocytoma was delineated in the serotonin-1A receptor distribution showing (p < 0.01, uncorrected) regional BPND decrease. The ipsilateral thalamus and bilateral habenula regions displayed (p < 0.001; uncorrected) BPND increase. The fMRI data showed significantly (p < 0.05; uncorrected) reduced activation in the affected amygdalar region, ipsilateral fusiform gyrus, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and temporal regions and increased activation in the contralateral temporal pole.ConclusionsLower serotonin-1A receptor binding in the left amydala region reflects the glial provenance of the tumor. The increased receptor binding in the habenulae might be associated with altered monoaminergic neurotransmission and depressive symptoms according to the influence of the habenulae on monoaminergic nuclei. The functional data demonstrate neuroplastic changes beyond affected areas and might indicate compensatory mechanisms.
Commonalties and differences of two psychotic phenotypes using connectivity fMRI
Authors: Foucher J.R. , Pham B.-T. , Gounot D. , Stöber G. 
Published: May 2011

The ICD/DSM schizophrenia diagnosis is a ill-defined phenotype. The Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school distinguish 35 major phenotypes in the psychotic spectrum. Among them, the cycloid psychoses (CP, remitting forms) and affect laden paraphrenia (ALP, the core of paranoid schizophrenia) appear promising. We used a resting state functional connectivity analysis to find commonalities and differences between these 2 groups.Seventeen patients with CP and 17 with ALP all fulfilling DSM-IV defined schizophrenia were recruited together with 57 controls. Participants took part to a 20 min resting state fMRI scan keeping eyes closed but remaining awake. The signal from the 78 Brodman areas was averaged and a correlation coefficient was the metric for functional connectivity between them. Groups were compared using permutation test corrected for multiple testing.CP and ALP commonly differed from controls by a disconnection of their temporal regions (internal temporal, the temporal pole, the inferior temporal - in black). But CP had an increase of connectivity between the same temporal regions relative to both ALP and controls. Conversely ALP had a much larger disconnectivity pattern relative to both CP and controls including the cingulate and the orbito-frontal regions as a whole (in white).CP and ALP share temporal disconnectivity which could be correlated with psychosis proneness. However the reasons for it appear different in the two groups: an excess of intra-temporal connectivity in CP, a more global and widespread decrease of connectivity in ALP which correlate with the type of residual symptoms observed in this group.
Food-cue evoked activation of reward pathways is modulated by the satiety factor leptin: An fMRI study in obese and normal weight subjects
Authors: Grosshans M. , Vollmert C. , Vollstaedt-Klein S. , Leber S. , Bach P. , Buehler M. , von der Goltz C. , Wiedemann K. , Kiefer F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMechanisms contributing to the development and maintenance of obesity remain to be elucidated especially regarding the interaction between appetite regulating hormones and mesolimbic reward circuits. Leptin was recently suggested to attenuate dopamine release in mesolimbic reward pathways. We now test the functional relevance assessing whether leptin plasma concentration affects the BOLD-response following the presentation of food cues.Methods21 obese and 23 normal weight subjects were investigated. Visual food cues and neutral stimuli were presented in a block design during fMRI. Blood-samples were collected immediately prior to the scan to assess plasma leptin concentration. Using linear regression analyses, the association between BOLD response to food cues and the body mass index (BMI) as well as plasma leptin concentration was examined.ResultsFood-cues elicited activation of large cortical and subcortical networks, whereas only in obese patients food cues activated the left ventral and right dorsal striatum. Mean plasma concentration of leptin was significantly increased in obese subjects compared to normal weight controls. We found a significant positive correlation between the food cue-induced BOLD signal change in the ventral striatum and leptin plasma concentration. Furthermore, ventral and dorsal striatum BOLD response to food cues was significantly positive associated with the body mass index (BMI).ConclusionsThese findings suggest a physiological role of the satiety factor leptin in modulating responsivity of reward pathways towards food cues. Altered homeostatic feedback regulation of the mesolimbic brain reward circuit might explain the inability of obese patients to adapt their food intake according to physiologically needs.
Neurocognitive predictors of functional outcome in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Hauska S. , Erfurth A. , Lenz G. , Sachs G. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNeurocognitive deficits are known as a core feature in bipolar disorder (BPD). Persisting neurocognitive impairment is associated with low self-reported quality of life and low psychosocial functioning. Current findings indicate the importance of adjunctive psychosocial interventions in the treatment of BPD patients to enhance symptomatic and functional outcome.ObjectivesTo assess whether functional outcome in patients with BPD is affected by cognitive psychoeducational therapy, clinical parameters and cognitive impairment.AimsTo identify potential predictors of functional outcome, global clinical impression and early recurrence in patients with BPD.MethodsUsing a neurocognitive test battery 43 patients with BPD in euthymic state were compared to 40 healthy controls. Patients were assigned to two treatment Conditions cognitive psychoeducational therapy over 14 weeks (n = 19, 12 female, age) and treatment-as-usual (n = 24, 14 female). Predictors for functional disability, global clinical impression and early recurrence including clinical and cognitive variables as well as treatment conditions were examined using logistic regression.ResultsCompared to healthy controls patients with BPD showed lower performance in executive function (p < 0.01) and sustained attention (p < 0.001). Cognitive psychoeducation (p < 0.05) and subthreshold depressive symptoms (p < 0.05) were predictors for occupational functioning. Age (p < 0.05), delayed verbal memory (p < 0.05) and word fluency (p < 0.05) predicted global clinical impression. Recurrence in the follow-up period of 12 months was predicted by delayed verbal memory (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with BPD seem to benefit from cognitive psychoeducational training mainly in areas of working life. The extent of cognitive impairment appears to impact clinical outcome and recurrence rate.