bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the social cognition and neurocognitive characteristics of adolescents with suicide behavior, adolescent with depression and healthy controls
Authors: Yavuz B. Ece , Turan Serkan , Mutlu Caner , Çamlı Şafak Eray 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionDeficits in neurocognition and social‐cognition have been suggested to be an endophenotype for suicidal behavior. We aimed to compare the social‐cognition and neurocognitive characteristics of adolescents diagnosed with depression with and without suicidal behavior and to investigate whether these functions predict suicide.MethodAdolescents diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with suicidal behavior (n = 42); MDD without suicidal behavior (n = 44) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 43) were included. The University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurobehavioral Test Battery and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) were used to evaluate social‐cognition and neurocognitive characteristics.ResultsSeveral neurocognitive domain values of MDD groups, were significantly different from the control group. Neutral emotion recognition task (p = 0.025) and ASSQ scores were found to be significantly impaired in the patient groups (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that, only the increase in the Suicide Probability Scale score was found to be significant as a risk factor predicting suicide (p = 0.007, OR: 1.246).ConclusionWhile the neurocognitive and social‐cognitive performances of adolescents with MDD were significantly lower than the control group, these performances in the two depression groups were similar. When the predictors of suicidal behavior were examined, it was found that only the increase in suicidal ideation scores predicted suicide.
Exploring a practice‐based approach to elementary preservice science teacher preparation
Authors: Thompson Stephen L. , Fan Xumei , Adgerson Amber J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe science methods course model presented here, called an immersed methods course (IMC), engaged preservice elementary teachers in reform‐based science instructional approaches within authentic classroom settings and with elementary students in a guided format. Questions guiding the study were: (1) Did participation in the IMC model impact preservice teachers (PTs') science teaching self‐efficacy? (2) Which science methods course model activities/experiences did PTs identify as the most impactful on their science teaching? (3) How did participation in the IMC model impact PTs' understandings of science teaching? Participants were 138 elementary PTs from a Southeastern United States university. Data were collected from seven course sections over 3 years and included pre/post science teaching self‐efficacy survey data, post written responses, and interviews. Member checking approaches were also used to refine and establish the validity of findings. Researchers completed qualitative data analysis, which was complimented by quantitative statistical analysis. Findings across data sources suggest participation positively influenced PTs' science teaching self‐efficacy and beliefs about the effectiveness of the instructional approaches. Participation also helped PTs apply theories to practice and develop competency using the practices. Findings highlight how the IMC model mitigates constraints associated with current science teacher preparation approaches.
Impacts of the tillage systems on the production of green corn (Zea mays L.) in long‐term plots in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Jusimara de Andrade , Pedrotti Alceu , Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Santos Luiz Diego Vidal , Andrade Brisa Marina da Silva , de Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno , Villwock Ana Paula Schervinski , Filho Raimundo Rodrigues Gomes , Conceição Soenne França , Carvalho Larissa dos Santos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the current global context of climate change and the increasing demand for sustainability, optimizing agricultural production is very important in order to meet the demands for food and to mitigate environmental impact. To achieve sustainable agricultural production, particularly in regions with tropical soil and climate conditions, is necessary to adopt conservation‐oriented techniques. This includes no‐tillage system, the use of soil‐cover crops, and the application of inoculants. The objective of this research was, at the end of the 22nd cropping season, to assess the influence of soil compaction in the production of green corn (Zea mays L.) in a long‐term field experiment. This study was conducted under different soil tillage systems in a Red‐Yellow Ultisol from the Coastal Tablelands of northeastern Brazil. Three soil tillage systems were applied: Conventional Tillage (CT), Minimum Tillage (MT), and No‐tillage (NT). These were combined with four previous crops: cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncacea), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), and millet (Pennisetum glaucum), as well as two levels of nitrogen fertilizer application: (1) 100% of the recommended N dose, and (2) 50% of the recommended N dose plus Azospirillum brasilense inoculant. The experimental design consisted of strip plots with subplots divided and randomized within each strip, with three replications. Soil compaction was assessed using parameters of soil density (SD) and soil mechanical resistance to penetration (MRP) in conjunction with moisture content (MC). The principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that conservation‐oriented systems exhibited greater soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, leading to increased productivity of commercial green corn cobs. The synergistic effect of diversifying previous crops and adopting conservation tillage systems, especially in soils under long‐term tillage, resulted in heightened productivity of commercial green corn ears.
Thirsty nation: An investigation into water scarcity and public conservation behaviour in Pakistan
Authors: Zulqarnain Aimen , Khan Muhammad Ammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPakistan is on the brink of becoming a water‐scarce country as a result of a peak in population and rapid urbanization. This research investigates the awareness of water scarcity amongst the general public in Pakistan and their behaviour and attitude towards water conservation practices at the household level. The study incorporated the theory of planned behaviour to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon. Households were surveyed in Islamabad Capital City using a quantitative research approach. Descriptive analysis and Fischer's exact test were followed to measure the variables. Results demonstrated a significant awareness regarding water scarcity amongst the residents which influenced positive behaviour and attitudes towards water conservation in the households. Notably, the p‐value for water consumption patterns was found to be highly significant at 0.000 for activities such as laundry, gardening and car washing and less significant at 0.003 for bathing and 0.002 for housecleaning. It is concluded that water use is conditioned by dwelling characteristics and the types of devices employed in the houses. This comprehensive understanding is crucial for developing targeted interventions that resonate with diverse populations worldwide.
Shortest closed curve to contain a sphere in its convex hull
Authors: Ghomi Mohammad , Wenk James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show that in Euclidean 3‐space any closed curve which contains the unit sphere within its convex hull has length , and characterize the case of equality. This result generalizes the authors' recent solution to a conjecture of Zalgaller. Furthermore, for the analogous problem in dimensions, we include the estimate by Nazarov, which is sharp up to the constant .
Wetzel families and the continuum
Authors: Schilhan Jonathan , Weinert Thilo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe provide answers to a question brought up by Erdős about the construction of Wetzel families in the absence of the continuum hypothesis: A Wetzel family is a family of entire functions on the complex plane which pointwise assumes fewer than values. To be more precise, we show that the existence of a Wetzel family is consistent with all possible values of the continuum and, if is regular, also with Martin's Axiom. In the particular case of this answers the main open question asked by Kumar and Shelah [Fund. Math. 239 (2017) no. 3, 279–288]. In the buildup to this result, we are also solving an open question of Zapletal on strongly almost disjoint functions from Zapletal [Israel J. Math. 97 (1997) no. 1, 101–111]. We also study a strongly related notion of sets exhibiting a universality property via mappings by entire functions and show that these consistently exist while the continuum equals .
Quasiregular curves and cohomology
Authors: Heikkilä Susanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLet be a closed, connected, and oriented Riemannian manifold, which admits a quasiregular ‐curve with infinite energy. We prove that, if the de Rham class of is nonzero and a finite sum of nontrivial products, then there exists a nontrivial graded algebra homomorphism from the de Rham algebra of to the exterior algebra . As an application, we give examples of pairs , where is a closed manifold and is a closed ‐form for , for which every quasiregular ‐curve is constant.
Supplemental Material: Tectonic inversion of an intracontinental rift basin: An example from the opening and closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Jie , al. et 
Published: May 2024

<p>Table S1: LA-ICP-MS results of zircon U-Pb geochronology from this study. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS results of zircon U-Pb geochronology from previous studies. </p>
O01 Recent trends in HIV diagnoses and tests among men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics in england
Authors: Ogaz Dana , Furegato Martina , Brown Alison E , Mohammed Hamish , Kirwan Peter , Yung Mandy , Nash Sophie , Connor Nicky , Gill Noel , Delpech Valerie , Hughes Gwenda 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) remain at highest risk of HIV acquisition in England. We assessed recent national trends in HIV diagnoses and tests among MSM attending specialist sexual health clinics (SHCs) in England.MethodsNumbers of HIV diagnoses and tests in MSM were obtained from GUMCADv2, the national surveillance system for sexually transmitted infections. Trends were stratified by HIV testing history (new/repeat-testers in last 2 years) and service location (London/Outside-London). Student’s t-tests were used to assess the differences in mean numbers of HIV diagnoses and tests between Q4/2014–Q3/2015 and Q4/2015–Q3/2016.ResultsA decline in HIV diagnoses from 515 to 427 (17%) was observed between Q4/2014–Q3/2015 and Q4/2015–Q3/2016 (p=0.05). Greatest declines were in London SHCs (276–209; 24%; p=0.04) and among new-testers (390–308; 21%; p=0.03). In London SHCs, there was a 29% diagnosis decline among new-testers (195–138; p=0.03) with no evidence of a difference in repeat-testers (81–71; p=0.33); HIV tests in repeat-testers increased 15% (9,768–11,270; p=0.02) but remained stable among new-testers (7,166–6,638; p=0.28). In Outside-London SHCs, HIV diagnoses remained stable in new- (194–170; p=0.06) and repeat-testers (44–48; p=0.52) while HIV testing increased 14% in new- (7,679–8,734; p=0.05) and 16% in repeat-testers (7,423–8,602; p=0.02).DiscussionHIV diagnoses among MSM have decreased despite overall increased testing at SHCs. Stable levels of testing in new-testers as well as scale-up of repeat-testing may be contributing to diagnosis declines by earlier identification of undiagnosed infections. Further investigation of treatment and prevention initiatives among new- and repeat-testers in London SHCs is necessary.
P054 2017 update of drug interactions detected using electronic care records (ECR)
Authors: Rafferty PJ , McCarty EM , Dinsmore WW , Donnelly CM , Emerson CR , Hunter M , Walker E , Quah SP 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionIn 2014 the pharmacy team completed an interaction screen of all HIV patients on a boosted antiretroviral (ARV) regimen using then recently launched NIECR. We concluded that there was a need for primary and secondary care teams to screen and manage drug-drug interactions (DDI). 56 patients in 2014 required urgent clinical intervention.MethodsIn 2014 we reported on patients taking a boosted ARV regimen for DDI; we continued this work for all patients and this year we reviewed our interaction screening database, to assess the following: Interaction screen documented, Number of patients issued medication by their GP, Percentage of interactions identified.Results1093 unique patient records, 887 (81.2%) have a recorded H&C number and interaction screen. 468/887 patients (53%) are prescribed medication by their GP with no or no significant interactions. 235/887 patients (27%) are prescribed medication by their GP where an interaction is identified by the MDT and managed. 122/887 patients (14%) do not obtain any medication from their GP. 9/887 patients (1%) have opted out of NIECR. No patients required an immediate clinical intervention.DiscussionThe number of patients prescribed medications by their GP has increased from 45% in our 2014 report compared with 79.3% in this review. There was a significant improvement in the latest review of interactions and no patients were identified with serious interactions. A medicines reconciliation and interaction screen before initiating/switching treatment and prior to a clinic review has enabled our cohort to avoid clinically significant DDI.
P069 Post exposure prophylaxis after sexual exposure: management in ed and gum
Authors: Kjerrstrom Anne , Witter Julie , Drummond Juliet , Turner Neil , Barber Tristan , Day Sara 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPost-exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE) is a method of preventing HIV infection. 2015 BASHH guidelines identify criteria for when PEPSE should and could be offered. Our aim was to review patients prescribed PEPSE either at our local Emergency Department (ED) or via GUM between 1stJuly – 31stDec 2016 to establish if we are following the BASHH guidelines.MethodsThis retrospective study identified patients that were prescribed PEPSE through the ED or GUM using electronic records and paper notes to audit criteria.Results176 PEP recipients were identified. Twenty-two of these were not associated with sexual exposure. Two were extending a current course of PEPSE due to new exposure; prescribed according to guidelines. 14 patients received PEP according to the ED register but no documentation was available. 7 patients received PEP in ED with documented exposure risk consistent with the BASHH guidelines but were lost to follow up. 131 PEP patients were seen in GUM. 6 patients presented to GUM after PEP was initiated at a different ED, all these were provided PEP according to guidelines. 35 presented after PEP was started in ED and the rest presented directly. 98% were prescribed PEP according to guidelines. There were 2 that were started on PEP in ED that was discontinued in GUM.DiscussionThe majority of patients with available documentation were prescribed PEP according to guidelines. We intend to support our ED service in better documentation of patients presenting for, and prescribe, PEPSE.
P071 PRE PREP PREP
Authors: Street Emma , Short Lindsay 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionSexual health of MSM has worsened over the last decade and with NHS PREP provision on the horizon we needed to assess the current sexual health of MSM attending our small integrated sexual health clinic to ascertain who may be eligible for PREP.MethodsRetrospective case notes review of all MSM attending as a new or rebook attendance in 2015.Results140 attendances of MSM in 2015 were analysed. 136/140 (97%) had a HIV test. 36/140 (26%) were diagnosed with an STI of which 10 were rectal STIs. 62/140 (44%) had a previous STI. Documented recent unprotected anal sex occurred in 80/140 (57%), 3 patients were in a sero-discordant relationship- all had partners with an undetectable viral load. Recreational drugs were used by 9/140 (6%) of which 4 patients were engaged in chem-sex.80/140 (57%) patients would fulfil the baseline criteria for PREP.DiscussionMSM in our clinic have a high rate of STIs and more than half have had recent unprotected anal sex. There is a low rate of recreational drug use. Over half would be eligible for PREP if they continued in engage in unprotected sex. Repeated attendances through 2015 will be analysed to assess behaviour change.
P072 Do we meet the criteria? consideration for PrEP provision locally
Authors: Wilson Yvonne , Quah Say , Emerson Carol 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionWith various studies demonstrating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) as highly effective in reducing HIV transmission, Health Departments are under pressure to provide the treatment.MethodsQuestionnaire feedback from 60 men who have sex with men (MSM) attending sexual health clinic, questions were based around the eligibility criteria for the PROUD study and some additional information we felt may be useful.Results58 MSM & 2 Trans women: 35 (58%) reported unprotected anal intercourse (UPAI) in the past 3 months, average number of partners 7. 6/35 had treatment for an infection in the past 6 months, all Gonorrhoea. 25 MSM (42%) reported no UPAI in past 3 months, average number of partners 2. 2 treated for infections, 1 GC and 1 had Syphilis and Chlamydia. Overall 16 (27%) reported drug use, no IVDU. 43 (72%) used social media to meet partners, 16 (27%) used male only saunas. 56 (93%) would use PrEP if available. 24/60 was asked if using PrEP may encourage them to have UPAI, 5 (20%) responded yes. 6 (10%) had used Post Exposure Prophylaxis following Sexual Exposure (PEPSE). In the last 2 years we provided 216 MSM with PEPSE, 29 (14%) used it more than once, 5 (2%) are now HIV positive.DiscussionThere appears to be high risk behaviour within our MSM cohort. PrEP has a role to play in prevention of HIV transmission, if funding became available for PrEP the service may need to find ways to target the higher risk individuals. 58% met the recommended criteria by BASHH/BHIVA.
P075 Efficacy and safety of switching to EVG/COBI/FTC/TAF in virologically suppressed women
Authors: Hodder Sally , Squires Kathleen , Kityo Cissy , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Plotnikova Yulia , Jiang Shuping , Kulkarni Rima , Cheng Andrew , Elliott Cindy , Cao Huyen 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionElvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(E/C/F/TDF) demonstrated superior efficacy when compared with atazanavir boosted by ritonavir(ATV/r+F/TDF) in 575 treatment naïve women at Week(W) 48. We now report the safety and efficacy of subsequent switching to E/C/F/tenofovir alafenamide(TAF) versus remaining on ATV/r+F/TDF.MethodsAfter completing the initial randomised, blinded 48-week trial,women on ATV/r+F/TDF were randomised 3:1 to receive open label E/C/F/TAF versus remaining on their current regimen. Viral suppression by FDA snapshot analysis, pre-defined bone and renal safety and tolerability endpoints 48 weeks after switch are reported. Women who become pregnant while on study are given the option to continue study drug.Results212 HIV-infected, virologically suppressed women were randomised(E/C/F/TAF n=159, ATV/r+F/TDF n=53). Virologic suppression(<50c/mL) was maintained in 94.3% on E/C/F/TAF vs 86.8% on ATV/r+F/TDF with virologic failure in 1.9%, 3.8%, respectively. More women on E/C/F/TAF achieved <20c/mL at W48 compared with ATV/r+F/TDF (84.9% versus 71.7%p=0.041). No treatment emergent resistance was detected in either group. Mean% increase in BMD was higher in the TAF group for both lumbar spine and total hip. Multiple markers of renal safety were improved for participants randomised to TAF. No cases of proximal renal tubulopathy were reported. Nineteen women became pregnant during the switch study 13 E/C/F/TAF, 6 ATV/r+F/TDF,3 normal infants have been delivered in each group to date.DiscussionThese data demonstrate that women who switch to an integrase inhibitor+TAF-based regimen maintain high levels of virologic suppression with improvement in BMD and renal function biomarkers compared with those remaining on their ATV/r+TDF-based regimen.
P076 Five years of feedback for the newly diagnosed course – an evaluation of a peer-led intervention for people diagnosed with HIV
Authors: Oxenham Chantal , Haddow Lewis , Sandulescu Cristian , Bayakwaga Angela , Sandford Christopher , Sultan Binta , Williams Ian , Waters Laura , Edwards Simon , Tariq Shema 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNew diagnosis of HIV can be psychologically challenging, and presents an important opportunity to improve health literacy and engagement in care. Peer-led interventions are an effective means of providing support to people living with HIV (PLWH). We present an evaluation of a newly-diagnosed course (NDC) in London.MethodThe NDC, established in its current form in 2011, is accessible to ‘those recently diagnosed or struggling with diagnosis’. Providing a structured, peer-led, group-based, participatory programme delivered by experienced facilitators. NDC comprises 6 sessions (21 contact hours). All participants were invited to complete pre-and post-course questionnaires (using a 4-or 5-point scale), most did at the first and last sessions. This analysis presents data from 2011-2016. Data were analysed in STATA using Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsAcross 30 NDCs, 314 participants completed both questionnaires (response rate 87%). The majority were men who have sex with men (91.3%), 72% of whom were of white ethnicity. Approximately 15% were female, the majority Black-African ethnicity (56%) and heterosexual (88%). Heterosexual men and transgender individuals represented 6.5% and 0.3% respectively. The table summarises participant’s responses for selected questions (P Values <0.001 for all comparisons):Pre- and Post-Course Questions:•Pre-course n/N (%)•Post-course n/N (%)*Current emotional state144/136 (43)287/339 (85)*Confidence in dealing with HIV status130/335 (39)307/339 (91)*Confidence around sex and relationships46/336 (14)172/279 (62)*Confidence in the future130/338 (39)290/332 (90)How confident do you feel about disclosing your HIV status?26/338 (8)136/340 (40)How satisfied are you with your ability to get more information about HIV medications?97/336 (29)130/314 (41)How much knowledge do you have about how HIV is transmitted?183/337 (54)324/340 (95)How much do you know about how to access Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)?169/337 (28)274/340 (81)How much knowledge do you have about CD4 count and HIV viral load?82/337 (24)300/340 (88)Personal satisfaction with NDC overall n/N (%) rating ‘mostly’ or ‘fully’ useful324/328 (99)*Questions headed: ‘Thinking about your HIV how would you rate the following’ Respondents rating highest using 4- or 5-point scaleDiscussionThis innovated peer-led NDC engaged over 300 PLWH since 2011, resulting in short-term self-reported improvements. 6-and 12-month questionnaires would assess durability of changes, and we’re exploring the association with attendance at NDC and clinical outcomes (e.g. viral suppression and retention in care). In conclusion, the NDC is a sustainable and acceptable model, providing holistic support and promoting self-management in PLWH.