bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing and monitoring of phage–bacteria interaction using CE
Authors: Soykut Esra Acar , Boyacι İsmail Hakkι 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe utilization of CE for monitoring bacteria–phage interaction was investigated in this study. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus strains and their phages were used as model bacteria and phages for the purpose of validation in this study. CE with heterogeneous polymer polyethylene oxide was utilized for the separation of intact bacteria and investigation of phage–bacteria interaction. An intact phage detection was carried out with CZE by adding SDS in the running buffer. Calibration graphs of bacteria and phages were obtained with R2 values of 0.963 and 0.937, respectively. S. thermophilus strain was infected with its virulent phage B3‐X18 for investigation of phage–bacteria interaction. It was observed in capillary electropherogram that the culture was lysed depending on the multiplicity of infection value and it showed to be completely lysed when the multiplicity of infection value was 10. The interaction of S. thermophilus strain with L. bulgaricus phage was also investigated by using a CE and a microbiological method and it was observed that the L. bulgaricus phage attached itself to the cell wall of S. thermophilus strain without damaging the cell.
Dynamic light‐scattering measurement of sieving polymer solutions for protein separation on SDS CE
Authors: Sumitomo Keiko , Mayumi Koichi , Yokoyama Hideaki , Sakai Yasuhiro , Minamikawa Hiroyuki , Masuda Mitsutoshi , Shimizu Toshimi , Ito Kohzo , Yamaguchi Yoshinori 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe evaluated the mesh size and homogeneity of polymer network by dynamic light scattering and discussed the relationship between the physical properties of polymer network and the protein separation behavior by capillary polymer electrophoresis. We compared three kinds of sieving polymers in solutions with a wide range of molecular weights and concentrations: polyacrylamide and polyethylene oxide as flexible polymers, and hydroxyethyl cellulose as a semiflexible polymer. We found that the mobility of protein was dominated primarily by the mesh size ξ, irrespective of the type of sieving polymers, and the peak spacing between protein peaks increased drastically in the range of ξ<10 nm, where the mobility also decreased. And the peak widths were dependent on the molecular species of sieving polymers and their homogeneity of polymer network. We proposed that a polymer network with a homogenous mesh size of less than 10 nm is the best sieving medium for separation of the proteins in the molecular weight range 14 300–97 200 Da from the view point of the resolution in protein separation.
Proteomic characterization of plasma‐derived clotting factor VIII–von Willebrand factor concentrates
Authors: Clifton James G. , Huang Feilei , Kovac Spomenka , Yang Xinli , Hixson Douglas C. , Josic Djuro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractProteomic methods were used to identify the levels of impurities in three commercial plasma‐derived clotting factor VIII‐von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF) concentrates. In all three concentrates, significant amounts of other plasma proteins were found. In Octanate and Haemoctin, two concentrates developed in the 1990s, the major impurities identified were inter‐α inhibitor proteins, fibrinogen and fibronectin. These two concentrates were also found to contain additional components such as clotting factor II (prothrombin) that are known activators of FVIII. In Wilate, a recently developed FVIII/VWF concentrate, the amount of these impurities was significantly reduced. Batch‐to‐batch variations and differences between three investigated products were detected using iTRAQ, an isotope labeling technique for comparative MS, demonstrating the potential value of this technique for quality control analysis. The importance of thorough proteomic investigations of therapeutic FVIII/VWF preparations from human plasma is also discussed.
Three New Triterpene Saponins from Hemsleya chinensis
Authors: Li Zhen‐Jie , Chen Jian‐Chao , Sun Yun , Song Na‐Li , Cheng Bao‐Hui , Lu Lu , Ma Wei‐Guang , Zhou Lin , Zhang Xian‐Min , Li Zhong‐Rong , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThree new triterpenoid saponins, xuedanglycosides A–C (1–3, resp.), along with six known ones, were isolated from the rhizomes of Hemsleya chinensis. By detailed analysis of the NMR spectra, by chemical methods, and by comparison with spectral data of known compounds, the structures of new compounds were determined to be 16α,23α‐epoxy‐2β,3α,20β‐trihydroxy‐10α,23α‐cucurbita‐5,24‐dien‐11‐on‐2‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), 2β,3α,16α,20β‐tetrahydroxycucurbita‐5,25‐diene‐11,22‐dion‐2‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), and oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (3). In addition, hemslecin A 2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (6), hemsamabilinin B (7), and hemslonin A (9) were obtained for the first time from this plant.
Prenylated Phenols from Sabia japonica
Authors: Yu Juan , Zhang Hao‐Hao , Yu Qiang , Xuan Li‐Jiang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSix prenylated phenols, sabphenols A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and sabphenosides A–D (3–6, resp.), along with eight known constituents, were isolated from the rhizomes of Sabia japonica Max. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectral analysis.
Chemoselectivity of the Reactions of Diazomethanes with 5‐Benzylidene‐3‐phenylrhodanine
Authors: Seyfried Martin S. , Linden Anthony , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe reactions of 5‐benzylidene‐3‐phenylrhodanine (2; rhodanine=2‐thioxo‐1,3‐thiazolidin‐4‐one) with diazomethane (7a) and phenyldiazomethane (7b) occurred chemoselectively at the exocyclic CC bond to give the spirocyclopropane derivatives 9 and, in the case of 7a, also the C‐methylated products 8 (Scheme 1). In contrast, diphenyldiazomethane (7c) reacted exclusively with the CS group leading to the 2‐(diphenylmethylidene)‐1,3‐thiazolidine 11 via [2+3] cycloaddition and a ‘two‐fold extrusion reaction’. Treatment of 8 or 9b with an excess of 7a in refluxing CH2Cl2 and in THF at room temperature in the presence of [Rh2(OAc)4], respectively, led to the 1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones 15 and 20, respectively, i.e., the products of the hydrolysis of the intermediate thiocarbonyl ylide. On the other hand, the reactions with 7b and 7c in boiling toluene yielded the corresponding 2‐methylidene derivatives 16, 21a, and 21b. Finally, the reaction of 11 with 7a occurred exclusively at the electron‐poor CC bond, which is conjugated with the CO group. In addition to the spirocyclopropane 23, the C‐methylated 22 was formed as a minor product. The structures of the products (Z)‐8, 9a, 9b, 11, and 23 were established by X‐ray crystallography.
Clofarabine in the treatment of poor risk acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Krawczyk Janusz , Ansar Naeem , Swords Ronan , Murphy Tracy , MacDonagh Barry , Meenaghan Teresa , Hayden Patrick , Hayad Amjad , Murray Margaret , O'Dwyer Michael 
Published: September 2009

AbstractClofarabine is a second generation nucleoside analogue. It inhibits DNA repair and activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway leading to cell death. In vitro clofarabine has demonstrated synergy with daunorubicin and Ara‐C and in phase II clinical trials has shown promising activity in poor risk Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. In our institution over a 24 month period 22 AML patients (11 M, 11 F) with poor risk features, deemed unsuitable for standard therapy, were treated with clofarabine, alone (eight patients) or in combination (14 patients) for up to three cycles of treatment. The median age was 67.5 years (24–76) with 16 patients > 60 years. At the time of treatment 18 patients had active AML. Four patients intolerant of standard induction received clofarabine as consolidation. The overall response rate (ORR) for the 18 patients with active AML was 61%, nine patients (50%) achieving a complete response (CR). Induction and consolidation were well tolerated with no unexpected toxicities. Predictably, all patients developed grade 4 neutropenia but the median duration was only 20 days (17–120). Induction mortality was acceptable at 17%. In conclusion, clofarabine (alone or in combination) is active in poor risk AML with an acceptable safety profile and should be considered a potential option in poor risk AML patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of FGF2 and PEG hydrogel matrix properties on hMSC viability and spreading
Authors: King William J. , Jongpaiboonkit Leenaporn , Murphy William L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this study, three‐dimensional (3‐D) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel arrays were used to screen for the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2), combined with multiple hydrogel matrix parameters, on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and spreading. In particular, we examined the effects of FGF2 while co‐varying hydrogel matrix degradability, cell adhesion ligand type, and cell adhesion ligand density. FGF2 significantly improved viability of hMSCs in a dose‐dependent manner in both nondegrading and degrading PEG hydrogels in the absence of extracellular matrix‐derived cell adhesion ligands. The presence of a small molecule that inhibits autophosphorylation of the FGF2 receptor blocked the effects of FGF2 on hMSC viability in PEG hydrogels, both in the presence and absence of the Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser‐Pro (RGDSP) ligand. FGF2 effects on hMSC viability were less pronounced when FGF2 was presented in combination with the RGDSP cell adhesion ligand or the IKVAV cell adhesion ligand in nondegrading PEG hydrogels. Importantly, spread hMSC morphologies were observed and quantified in a select subset of hydrogel networks, which were degradable and included both FGF2 and RGDSP. These results indicate that the hydrogel arrays described here can be used to efficiently study the influence of soluble and insoluble hydrogel matrix parameters on stem cell behavior, and to identify synthetic, 3‐D environments that promote specific hMSC behaviors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Porous hollow membrane sheet for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Hadjizadeh Afra , Mohebbi‐Kalhori Davod 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn spite of the present advances in the scaffolds fabrication and bioreactor systems, the ability to create functional thick tissue masses in vitro is still a great tissue engineering challenge. To overcome this problem, the fabrication of a capillary bed, for nutrient supply to and waste product removal from the tissue engineering construct as it grows, is essential. However, the technical construction of a capillary‐like architecture is complex and challenging. This study reports, for the very first time, a simple method to design and fabricate a porous hollow membrane sheet (PHMsh) to provide both a capillary bed and a scaffold to support tissue growth. The PHMsh composed of a flexible porous sheet involving parallel porous channels and can be used as flat‐, rolled‐, or sandwiched‐shape scaffold. The PHMsh was fabricated from poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) polymer solution using solvent casting methods (i.e., immersion precipitation and air casting). Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for the morphological analyses. The PHMsh was surface treated using n‐hepthylamine plasma polymer (HApp) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed successful surface coating. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblast cells were used to evaluate the capability of PHMsh toward cell adhesion. The HApp coating enhanced both HUVEC and fibroblast cells adhesion. The obtained preliminary results demonstrated the successful fabrication of the PHMsh, with potential application for tissue engineering scaffolds, particularly in large tissue mass generation under perfusion systems in vitro, which is our future research direction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Generation of reactive oxygen species from porous silicon microparticles in cell culture medium
Authors: Low Suet Peng , Williams Keryn A. , Canham Leigh T. , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNanostructured (porous) silicon is a promising biodegradable biomaterial, which is being intensively researched as a tissue engineering scaffold and drug‐delivery vehicle. Here, we tested the biocompatibility of non‐treated and thermally‐oxidized porous silicon particles using an indirect cell viability assay. Initial direct cell culture on porous silicon determined that human lens epithelial cells only poorly adhered to non‐treated porous silicon. Using an indirect cell culture assay, we found that non‐treated microparticles caused complete cell death, indicating that these particles generated a toxic product in cell culture medium. In contrast, thermally‐oxidized microparticles did not reduce cell viability significantly. We found evidence for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by means of the fluorescent probe 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin. Our results suggest that non‐treated porous silicon microparticles produced ROS, which interacted with the components of the cell culture medium, leading to the formation of cytotoxic species. Oxidation of porous silicon microparticles not only mitigated, but also abolished the toxic effects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
PEGylation of interleukin‐10 for the mitigation of enhanced pain states
Authors: Soderquist Ryan G. , Milligan Erin D. , Harrison Jacqueline A. , Chavez Raymond A. , Johnson Kirk W. , Watkins Linda R. , Mahoney Melissa J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) shows promise for the treatment of neuropathic pain, but for IL‐10 to be clinically useful as a short‐term therapeutic its duration needs to be improved. In this study, IL‐10 was covalently modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the goal of stabilizing and increasing protein levels in the CSF to improve the efficacy of IL‐10 for treating neuropathic pain. Two different PEGylation methods were explored in vitro to identify suitable PEGylated IL‐10 products for subsequent in vivo testing. PEGylation of IL‐10 by acylation yielded a highly PEGylated product with a 35‐fold in vitro biological activity reduction. PEGylation of IL‐10 by reductive amination yielded products with a minimal number of PEG molecules attached and in vitro biological activity reductions of ∼3‐fold. In vivo collections of cerebrospinal fluid after intrathecal administration demonstrated that 20 kDa PEG attachment to IL‐10 increased the concentration of IL‐10 in the cerebrospinal fluid over time. Relative to unmodified IL‐10, the 20 kDa PEG‐IL‐10 product exhibited an increased therapeutic duration and magnitude in an animal model of neuropathic pain. This suggests that PEGylation is a viable strategy for the short‐term treatment or, in conjunction with other approaches, the long‐term treatment of enhanced pain states. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Imperfect hybrid layers created by an aggressive one‐step self‐etch adhesive in primary dentin are amendable to biomimetic remineralization in vitro
Authors: Kim Jongryul , Vaughn Ryan M. , Gu Lisha , Rockman Roy A. , Arola Dwayne D. , Schafer Tara E. , Choi Kyoung Kyu , Pashley David H. , Tay Franklin R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDegradation of hybrid layers created in primary dentin occurs as early as 6 months in vivo. Biomimetic remineralization utilizes “bottom‐up” nanotechnology principles for interfibrillar and intrafibrillar remineralization of collagen matrices. This study examined whether imperfect hybrid layers created in primary dentin can be remineralized. Coronal dentin surfaces were prepared from extracted primary molars and bonded using Adper Prompt L‐Pop and a composite. One‐millimeter‐thick specimen slabs of the resin‐dentin interface were immersed in a Portland cement‐based remineralization medium that contained two biomimetic analogs to mimic the sequestration and templating functions of dentin noncollagenous proteins. Specimens were retrieved after 1–6 months. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for evaluating the permeability of hybrid layers to Rhodamine B. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the status of remineralization within hybrid layers. Remineralization at different locations of the hybrid layers corresponded with quenching of fluorescence within similar locations of those hybrid layers. Remineralization was predominantly intrafibrillar in nature as interfibrillar spaces were filled with adhesive resin. Biomimetic remineralization of imperfect hybrid layers in primary human dentin is a potential means for preserving bond integrity. The success of the current proof‐of‐concept, laterally diffusing remineralization protocol warrants development of a clinically applicable biomimetic remineralization delivery system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Decrease in as‐needed sedative use by limiting nighttime sleep disruptions from hospital staff
Authors: Bartick Melissa C. , Thai Xia , Schmidt Timothy , Altaye Amsalework , Solet Jo M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hospital routines frequently interrupt nighttime sleep. Sedatives promote sleep, but increase the risk of delirium and falls. Few interventional trials have studied sleep promotion in medical‐surgical units and little is known about its impact on sedative use.OBJECTIVE:To determine causes of sleep disruption, and assess whether decreasing sleep disruptions lowers sedative use in medical‐surgical patients.DESIGN AND SETTING:Interventional trial with historical controls on a medical‐surgical unit of a community teaching hospital. Nurses, physicians, and patients were blinded to the measurement of as‐needed sedative use.PATIENTS:Consecutive eligible adults (n = 161 preintervention patients, n = 106 intervention patients).INTERVENTION:We developed the “Somerville Protocol,” which included the establishment of an 8‐hour “Quiet Time” that began with automated lights‐off and lullaby; staff‐monitored noise; and avoidance of waking of patients for routine vital signs and medications.MEASUREMENTS:As‐needed sedative use, responses to a patient questionnaire, and responses to a modified Verran Snyder‐Halpern (VSH) sleep scale.RESULTS:Preintervention, “hospital staff “ was the disturbance most likely to keep patients awake. The intervention decreased the proportion of patients reporting it from 42% to 26%, a 38% reduction (P = 0.009; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0452‐0.2765). Preintervention, 32% of patients received as‐needed sedatives, compared to 16% with the intervention, a 49% reduction (P = 0.0041; 95% CI: 0.056‐0.26), with a 62% decrease in patients over age 64 years (P = 0.005). VSH scores were unchanged.CONCLUSIONS:Small modifications in hospital routines, especially in the timing of vital signs and routine medication administration, can significantly reduce sedative use in unselected hospital patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Statistical modelling in the investigation of stranger rape
Authors: ter Beek Mirjam , van den Eshof Paul , Mali Bas 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA sample of stranger rape offences (n = 271) registered in the Dutch Violence Crime Linkage Analysis System database in the Netherlands between 1997 and 2007 was studied with the objective of developing statistical models, which give an indication of the probability of basic offender characteristics. Observable crime characteristics concerning the modus operandi, interaction between the offender and the victim, violence, precautionary measures, and sexual behaviours were selected in the dataset. Offender characteristics were selected based on their usefulness for the police organisation in narrowing the scope of a criminal investigation. Spatial behaviour, criminal history, and living situation of the offender were selected. From the predictive models, four out of five achieved a correct rate of over 70%, and all models predicted better than the best guess method. The proposed models for distance and prior convictions for violence seem particularly promising. Both these models show an improvement of correctly predicted offender characteristics of more than 20 percentile points compared with that which could have been estimated based on the average in the total sample. The predictive value of the models needs to be tested further with ‘new offences’, which were not used to construct the model. In general, the current study supports the finding that crime characteristics can be used to get an indication of the probability of certain offender characteristics. Nevertheless, for an understanding of the relationship between the crime characteristics and offender characteristics, a further development of a theoretical framework is urgently necessary. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and elucidation of deuterated vanillylamine hydrochloride and capsaicin
Authors: Kim Sang Wook , Park Jeong Hoon , Jung Soon Jae , Choi Tae Bum , Hur Min Goo , Yang Seung Dae , Yu Kook Hyun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCapsaicin is the major pungent component of hot peppers, which belong to the plant genus Capsicum. Although the biosynthesis of capsaicin is known to involve the condensation of vanillylamine and 8‐methylnonenoic acid by capsaicin synthase, the mechanism of biosynthesis is still not fully understood. In this study, deuterium labelled versions of capsaicin and the precursor vanillylamine were synthesized in order to investigate the biosynthesis of capsaicin in hot peppers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional analysis of polyomavirus BK non‐coding control region quasispecies from kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Olsen Gunn‐Hege , Hirsch Hans H. , Rinaldo Christine Hanssen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractReplication of the human polyomavirus BK (BKV) in renal tubular epithelial cells causes viruria and BKV‐nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients. Following prolonged high‐level BKV replication, rearrangement of the archetype non‐coding control region (NCCR) leads to a mixture of BKV variants. The aim of this study was to compare potential functional differences of 12 rearranged (rr)‐NCCR variants with the archetype (ww)‐NCCR (WWT) found in allograft biopsies or urine from three kidney transplant recipients including two with BKV‐nephropathy. Twelve different rr‐NCCRs and one archetype ww‐NCCR were inserted between the early and late protein coding region of BKV(Dunlop) to make recombinant BKV genomes for transfection into Vero cells. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and quantitative PCR demonstrated that viral protein expression and extracellular BKV loads of 10 rr‐NCCR variants were similar or higher than observed for the ww‐NCCR BKV. Two rr‐NCCR variants (RH‐2 and RH‐19) were non‐functional. The functional rr‐NCCRs produced infectious progeny successfully infecting primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. The number of infected cells and extracellular BKV loads corresponded to the activity seen in Vero cells. Three rr‐NCCR variants (RH‐1, RH‐10, RH‐13) only gave rise to a few infected cells similar to ww‐NCCR, whereas seven variants had intermediate activity (RH‐5, RH‐6, RH‐8, RH‐9, RH‐11) or high replication activity (RH‐7 and RH‐18) with several hundred infected cells per well. The results indicate that both functional and non‐functional BKV rr‐NCCR variants arise during BKV replication in kidney transplant recipients and that most functional rr‐NCCR variants confer a higher replication capacity than archetype ww‐NCCR. J. Med. Virol. 81:1959–1967, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.