bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐Dependent Gelation Behaviour of Double Responsive P2VP‐b‐PEO‐b‐P(GME‐co‐EGE) Triblock Terpolymers: A SANS Study
Authors: Karg Matthias , Reinicke Stefan , Lapp Alain , Hellweg Thomas , Schmalz Holger 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAqueous solutions of a double responsive P2VP62‐b‐PEO452‐b‐P(GME36‐co‐EGE36) triblock terpolymer were investigated by means of small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) in order to derive information about structural changes going along with the temperature triggered gel‐sol‐gel transition at pH = 7, and the sol‐gel transition at pH = 3.5, respectively, observed by rheology. SANS measurements on dilute samples at different pH and temperature confirmed the formation of core‐shell‐corona micelles under conditions, where only one of the outer blocks is insoluble. In addition, temperature‐dependent scattering experiments were performed for higher volume fractions, that is, the concentration range where hydrogels were formed. This allowed us to identify the structural transitions, being responsible for the gel‐sol‐gel transition at pH = 7, and the structure of the gel phase formed at low pH and elevated temperatures.
Pain in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ha Ainhi D. , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPain and other nonmotor symptoms in PD are increasingly recognized as a major cause of reduced health‐related quality of life. Pain in PD may be categorized into a number of different subtypes, including musculoskeletal, dystonic, radicular neuropathic, and central pain. The onset of pain can vary in relation to motor symptoms, and may precede the appearance of motor symptoms by several years, or occur after the diagnosis of PD has been made. Pain in PD is frequently under‐recognized and is often inadequately treated. Levodopa‐related dystonia may respond to manipulation of dopaminergic medication. Dopaminergic therapy may also improve musculoskeletal pain related to rigidity and akinesia, as well as akathisia in PD. Botulinum toxin injections can be effective for treatment of painful focal dystonia. Pain and dysesthesia have been reported to improve with DBS, in some cases. Increased understanding of basal ganglia pathways has provided further insights into the pathogenesis of pain in PD, but the exact mechanism of pain processing and modulation remains unclear. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of signalling loads in a cognitive network management architecture
Authors: Tsagkaris Kostas , Akezidou Maria , Galani Aristi , Demestichas Panagiotis 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYFuture networks will need to accommodate a significantly augmented user demand, mainly stemming from the wireless and mobile domains. In general, the emerging radio landscape will comprise multiple, collaborating radio access networks (RANs) able to operate a plethora of diverse radio access technologies (RATs), variant types of mobile terminals (MTs), with the ability to choose among various supported RANs/RATs and, in addition, both devices and networks with dynamic spectrum access capabilities that allow the sharing and/or optimization of spectrum usage among different systems. The above will stress network operators for developing mechanisms to confront the challenges and to leverage the opportunities posed by such a versatile radio environment. In particular, the situation calls for adaptive and flexible management paradigms that are able to dynamically manage network elements and terminals, thus ensuring the great availability and efficient usage of spectrum and other radio resources. Framed within the above, this paper considers a cognitive network management architecture, which is destined for optimized management of future wireless networks operating in versatile radio environments, and presents a performance evaluation methodology, which was set up for measuring the signalling loads that the operation of the architecture will bring to the managed network. The methodology is analytically described, and useful results with respect to the signalling load produced for management signalling purposes in an indicative scenario are presented and analysed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified nodal cubic spline collocation for elliptic equations
Authors: Bialecki Bernard , Wang Zhongben 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe consider the modified nodal cubic spline collocation method for a general, variable coefficient, second order partial differential equation in the unit square with the solution subject to the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The bicubic spline approximate solution satisfies both the Dirichlet boundary conditions and a perturbed partial differential equation at the nodes of a uniform partition of the square. We prove existence and uniqueness of the approximate solution and derive an optimal fourth order maximum norm error bound. The resulting linear system is solved efficiently by a preconditioned iterative method. Numerical results confirm the expected convergence rates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2011
EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE AND NON‐GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS: A SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nair Padmaja 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYNon‐government organisations (NGOs) have become a critical constituent of the larger civil society, and their activities have been institutionalised into the development process. Under the title ‘NGO’, they are only a few decades old in the region, but they had an earlier life as ‘voluntary’ organisations. In the context of the Indian sub‐continent, NGOs evolved from institutions of charity and welfare, mainly within the prerogative of kings and philanthropists, to become stakeholders in the development process and the self‐appointed well‐wishers of poor and marginalised communities. In their journey, they were sometimes partners and collaborators with the state, sometimes advocates and sometimes adversaries. The state–NGO relationship evolved through various political regimes and was marked by tensions—at times overt and at times hidden. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to manage vaccinations in children with cancer
Authors: Ruggiero Antonio , Battista Andrea , Coccia Paola , Attinà Giorgio , Riccardi Riccardo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe optimal use of routine childhood immunizations in children with malignancy is still a matter of debate. Despite their higher risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases and of suffering important complications, there is little understanding of the magnitude of the possible benefit of administering active immunization in this population due to a paucity of clinical trial data. Our review focuses on the management of children with cancer and offers some suggestions regarding their vaccination schedules. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1104–1108. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balance measures for propensity score methods: a clinical example on beta‐agonist use and the risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: Groenwold Rolf H. H. , de Vries Frank , de Boer Anthonius , Pestman Wiebe R. , Rutten Frans H. , Hoes Arno W. , Klungel Olaf H. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPurposePropensity score (PS) methods aim to control for confounding by balancing confounders between exposed and unexposed subjects with the same PS. PS balance measures have been compared in simulated data but limited in empirical data. Our objective was to compare balance measures in clinical data and assessed the association between long‐acting inhalation beta‐agonist (LABA) use and myocardial infarction.MethodsWe estimated the relationship between LABA use and myocardial infarction in a cohort of adults with a diagnosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder from the Utrecht General Practitioner Research Network database. More than two thousand PS models, including information on the observed confounders age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder status, were applied. The balance of these confounders was assessed using the standardised difference (SD), Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) distance and overlapping coefficient. Correlations between these balance measures were calculated. In addition, simulation studies were performed to assess the correlation between balance measures and bias.ResultsLABA use was not related to myocardial infarction after conditioning on the PS (median heart rate = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.47–2.75). When using the different balance measures for selecting a PS model, similar associations were obtained. In our empirical data, SD and KS distance were highly correlated balance measures (r = 0.92). In simulations, SD, KS distance and overlapping coefficient were similarly correlated to bias (e.g. r = 0.55, r = 0.52 and r = −0.57, respectively, when conditioning on the PS).ConclusionsWe recommend using the SD or the KS distance to quantify the balance of confounder distributions when applying PS methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient titanium‐based photoanode for dye‐sensitized solar cell under back‐side illumination
Authors: Tsai Ting‐Ya , Chen Chih‐Ming , Cherng Sheng‐Jye , Suen Shing‐Yi 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPretreatment of H2O2 is performed on titanium (Ti) foil as an efficient photoanode substrate for dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The H2O2‐treated Ti shows high surface area because of the formation of networked TiO2 nanosheets, which enhances electrical contact between screen‐printed TiO2 nanoparticles and Ti foil. Electron transfer on the photoanode is improved, as identified by reduced charge transfer resistance and improved electron transport properties. Compared with DSSC based on non‐treated Ti photoanode, DSSC with this H2O2‐treated Ti photoanode exhibits remarkable increases in short‐circuit current density (from 8.55 to 14.38 mA/cm2) and energy conversion efficiency (from 4.68 to 7.10%) under AM1.5 back‐side illumination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of branched polymers by high resolution multidetector size exclusion chromatography: Separation of the effects of branching and molecular weight distribution
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Burchard Walther , Heidenreich Andrew J. , Santos Lucas Dos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article presents the SEC analysis of branched polyisobutylene PIB and polystyrene PS with high molecular weight and broad multimodal molecular weight distribution. Both polymers were synthesized using an inimer technique, which results in long‐chain branched polymers with statistical branching and broad multimodal distributions. Using high resolution multidetector Size Exclusion Chromatography SEC the polymers were analyzed based on three branching factors: g = (Rz,br/Rz,lin)Mw; h = (〈Rh〉z,br/〈Rh〉z,lin)Mw ; and ρ = (R
1/2/〈Rh〉z). It is generally accepted that for monodisperse branched polymers g and h < 1. In the case of our polydisperse PIB and PS, it was seen that g and h > 1, and ρ increases with molar mass and the number of chain ends as predicted earlier. The multidetector SEC system allowed for the separation of branching and polydispersity, reported here for the first time experimentally. The g parameter as a function of DPi was compared to the theory developed by Zimm and Stockmayer. The plots followed a similar trend, but were shifted by a factor related to the average chain length between branching points. The ρ parameter decreased with increasing DPi, as predicted theoretically by Kajiwara. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Polymer‐assisted biocatalysis: Unprecedented enzymatic oxidation of fullerene in aqueous medium
Authors: Gitsov Ivan , Simonyan Arsen , Wang Lili , Krastanov Albert , Tanenbaum Stuart W. , Kiemle Dave 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEnzymatic complexes, constructed by linear‐dendritic copolymers and laccase, are used for the unprecedented one‐pot biotransformation of fullerene (C60) into epoxide‐ and hydroxyl‐derivatives under mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions (45 °C and aqueous medium). The reaction is catalyzed by mediator pairs ‐ N‐hydroxy‐5‐norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid imide/1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole or 2,2′‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)/1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole used in equimolar amounts. After 24 and 48 h, the biotransformation products C60On, C60(OH)n, C60(H)n(OH)n, and/or C60On(H)m(OH)m range between 50 and 78%, respectively. Their structure is revealed by FTIR, NMR, and mass‐spectrometry. The mechanism of the process is discussed and elucidated. The reaction procedure allows the repeated usage of the enzyme/linear‐dendritic complex, which retains its catalytic activity after several cycles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Latex aging: The effects of coalescing agents and thermal annealing on the morphology of composite latex particles
Authors: Stubbs Jeffrey M. , Sundberg Donald C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMany composite polymer latices are produced with nonequilibrium particle morphologies and these can be prone to structural changes with the time of storage. Here we report on the use of coalescing agents, and separately thermal annealing to follow the morphology changes with aging time. Two coalescing agents with very different water solubilities were used to plasticize the latex polymers. During months of storage time the polymer particles were analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. A parallel set of aging experiments were carried out for the same latices where the change agent was simple thermal annealing. Both latex and dry polymer samples were annealed at temperatures above 100 °C and for various periods of time. Both sets of experiments lead to the conclusion that when the aging temperature is at or above the effective glass transition temperature (taking into account solvent plasticization) of the glassiest of the polymers in a two‐component latex, morphological change can be rather fast and easily characterized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1583–1589, 2011
Spectroscopic Characterization of Plasmas Generated by ECR Microwave Discharge of N2 Gas and Pulsed Laser Ablation of a B4C Target
Authors: Feng Hui , Sun Jian , Ding Dayu , Xu Ning , Ying Zhifeng , Wu Jiada 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe plasmas generated by co‐action of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave discharge of N2 gas and pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of a B4C target were spectroscopically characterized using time‐ and space‐resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The plasmas exhibit rapid variations in time and space and the optical emissions of the plasmas show unique characteristics in comparison with the plasmas generated solely by ECR discharge or PLA. At the early stages of the expansion of the PLA boron/carbon plasma in the ECR nitrogen plasma, the plasma emission is dominated by emission lines from atomic and ionic boron and carbon which decrease rapidly during the expansion of the PLA plasma, and then evolves to be dominant in emission bands from nitrogen molecules and nitrogen molecular ions. The emission bands of the C2 Swan system and the CN violet system were also distinguished. The processes including gas‐phase reactions occurring in the plasmas were discussed based on the characteristics of the plasma emissions.magnified image
Seroquel XL: add‐on treatment for major depressive disorder
Authors: Jauhar Sameer 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuetiapine prolonged release (Seroquel XL) now has a licence extension as an addon treatment of major depressive episodes in patients with major depressive disorder. Dr Sameer Jauhar presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and discusses its place in treatment. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Apolipoprotein A‐I peptide models as probes to formulate potential inhibitors of the low‐density lipoprotein oxidation
Authors: Darvari Maria I. , Petraki Maria P. , Tellis Constantinos , Harilogis Konstantinos , Tselepis Alexandros D. , Sakarellos‐Daitsiotis Maria 
Published: September 2011

AbstractApolipoprotein A‐I (apoA‐I), which constitutes the principal protein component of high‐density lipoprotein, is responsible for its major antiatherogenic functions. Aiming at contributing to the development of potent inhibitors of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) peptide models of helices 4,6 and 9,10 of apoA‐I were designed and synthesized. Specific amino acid substitutions, resulting in transformation of the original helix class A and Y to G according to the Schiffer and Edmundson helical wheel representation, were introduced in order to validate the contribution of these modifications in the inhibitory activity of the synthesized peptide models against the LDL oxidation. The role of Met at positions 112 (helix 4) and 148 (helix 6) as oxidant scavenger was also investigated. The helical characteristics of all the peptide models were studied by CD in membrane‐mimicking microenvironments and compared with the original helices. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automotive and medical: can we learn from each other?
Authors: Kramer Anne 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present an analysis of the new standard ISO 26262 for the automotive industry. We compare this standard to existing regulations of another safety‐critical domain, that is, the medical device industry. As can be expected, a large number of activities coincide, because they simply correspond to common best practices that can also be found, for example, in ISO/IEC 15504. However, some interesting differences can be observed both in philosophy and in wording that make cross‐domain communication complicated. This paper is intended to encourage the exchange of experiences and methods between the two domains that are driven by the same concern, that is, the user's safety. We point out the most striking similarities and differences and translate from one domain to the other. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristic equation‐based computation of Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits
Authors: Kelebekler Ersoy , Yildiz Ali Bekir 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a new method is proposed for determining the parameters of Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits. The method is unified and employs only one topology that depends on the test load impedance, Zx, connected to the output of the circuit. It does not require setting all independent sources to zero for determining Thévenin and Norton impedance. All equivalent circuit parameters are derived simultaneously and systematically from the characteristic equation relating to the output of the circuit. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A model‐based dead‐band compensation for the dual‐active‐bridge isolated bidirectional DC–DC converter
Authors: Bai Hua , Nie Ziling , Chunting Mi Chris 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe dual active bridge (DAB)‐based isolated bidirectional converter has been used to realize bidirectional energy flow while offering needed isolation between the primary and secondary side: for example, the battery side and grid side of one plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Even though the operation of a DAB‐based DC–DC converter is straightforward, various transient processes exist, such as the dead‐band effect, which deeply affects the dynamic performance of the converter in real world applications. Compensation of this effect is not easy because of the strong nonlinearity of the entire system. This paper quantitatively analyzed the dead‐band effect at different output powers, and presented a model‐based controller to realize the nonlinear dead‐band compensation strategy, which can effectively mitigate demerits of the traditional PI‐based control strategy. The proposed control algorithm is validated through theoretical simulation and experimental results. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐Dimensional Heteropolynuclear Zn4Ln2 Coordination Frameworks: Structure and NIR Luminescent Properties
Authors: Gao Ting , Li Guang‐Ming , Gao Po , Sun Wen‐Bin , Xu Hui , Wang Cheng , Hou Guang‐Feng , Yan Peng‐Fei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo three‐dimensional metal‐organic framework heteropolynuclear complexes [Nd2Zn4L4(OAc)6(NO3)2(OH)2]·Et2O·2EtOH (1) and [Eu2Zn4L4(OAc)6(NO3)2(OH)2]2·EtOH (2) [L = o‐vanillin] were prepared by reactions of the o‐vanillin ligand with Ln(NO3)3·6H2O and Zn(OAc)2·2H2O. X‐ray crystallographic analyses revealed that molecules of 1 have an unusual central cage‐like cavity through short intermolecular C···H···O interactions and π–π stacking giving rise to a three‐dimensional metal‐organic framework, which contains open channels. Photophysical studies showed that the typical emission bands of Nd3+ ion assigned to the 4F3/2→4Ij/2 (j = 9, 11, 13) transition are observed upon excitation of the ligand‐centered absorption band at 380 nm. But the characteristic luminescence emission of the EuIII ion in MeCN is not observed.
Coevolutionary fine-tuning: evidence for genetic tracking between a specialist wasp parasitoid and its aphid host in a dual metapopulation interaction
Authors: Nyabuga F.N. , Loxdale H.D. , Heckel D.G. , Weisser W.W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the interaction between two ecologically-associated species, the population structure of one species may affect the population structure of the other. Here, we examine the population structures of the aphidMetopeurum fuscoviride, a specialist on tansyTanacetum vulgare, and its specialist primary hymenopterous parasitoidLysiphlebus hirticornis, both of which are characterized by multivoltine life histories and a classic metapopulation structure. Samples of the aphid host and the parasitoid were collected from eight sites in and around Jena, Germany, where both insect species co-occur, and then were genotyped using suites of polymorphic microsatellite markers. The host aphid was greatly differentiated in terms of its spatial population genetic patterning, while the parasitoid was, in comparison, only moderately differentiated. There was a positive Mantel test correlation between pairwise shared allele distance (DAS) of the host and parasitoid, i.e. if host subpopulation samples were more similar between two particular sites, so were the parasitoid subpopulation samples. We argue that while the differences in the levels of genetic differentiation are due to the differences in the biology of the species, the correlations between host and parasitoid are indicative of dependence of the parasitoid population structure on that of its aphid host. The parasitoid is genetically tracking behind the aphid host, as can be expected in a classic metapopulation structure where host persistence depends on a delay between host and parasitoid colonization of the patch. The results may also have relevance to the Red Queen hypothesis, whereupon in the ‘arms race’ between parasitoid and its host, the latter ‘attempts’ to evolve away from the former.