bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Stacking Fault Energy on the Indentation Size Effect of FCC Pure Metals and Alloys
Authors: Stegall D.E. , Mamun M.A. , Elmustafa A.A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effect of stacking fault free energy (SFE), on the magnitude of the indentation size effect (ISE) of several pure FCC metals using nanoindentation. The metals chosen were 99.999% Aluminum, 99.95% Nickel, 99.95% Silver, and 70/30 Copper Zinc (α-brass). Aluminum has a high SFE of about 200 mJ/ m2, whereas α -brass has a low SFE of less than 10 mJ/ m2. Nickel and Silver have intermediate SFE of about 128 mJ/ m2 and 22 mJ/m2 respectively. The SFE is an important interfacial characteristic and plays a significant role in the deformation of FCC metals due to its influence on dislocation movement and morphology. The SFE is a measure of the distance between partial dislocations and has a direct impact on the ability of dislocations to cross slip during plastic deformation. The lower the SFE the larger the separation between partial dislocations and thus cross slip and dynamic recovery are inhibited. The SFE impacts pure metals differently from alloys. It was discovered that the characteristic ISE behavior for the pure metals was different when compared to the α-brass which is an alloy. Several additional alloys were chosen for comparison including 7075 Aluminum and 70/30 Nickel Copper.
Impact of Periodontal Therapy on the Subgingival Microbiota of Severe Periodontitis: Comparison Between Good Responders and Individuals With Refractory Periodontitis Using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray
Authors: Colombo Ana Paula V. , Bennet Susan , Cotton Sean L. , Goodson J. Max , Kent Ralph , Haffajee Anne D. , Socransky Sigmund S. , Hasturk Hatice , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Paster Bruce J. 
Published: February 2012

Background: This study compares the changes to the subgingival microbiota of individuals with “refractory” periodontitis (RP) or treatable periodontitis (good responders [GR]) before and after periodontal therapy by using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM) analysis.Methods: Individuals with chronic periodontitis were classified as RP (n = 17) based on mean attachment loss (AL) and/or >3 sites with AL ≥2.5 mm after scaling and root planing, surgery, and systemically administered amoxicillin and metronidazole or as GR (n = 30) based on mean attachment gain and no sites with AL ≥2.5 mm after treatment. Subgingival plaque samples were taken at baseline and 15 months after treatment and analyzed for the presence of 300 species by HOMIM analysis. Significant differences in taxa before and post‐therapy were sought using the Wilcoxon test.Results: The majority of species evaluated decreased in prevalence in both groups after treatment; however, only a small subset of organisms was significantly affected. Species that increased or persisted in high frequency in RP but were significantly reduced in GR included Bacteroidetes sp., Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella spp., Tannerella forsythia, Dialister spp., Selenomonas spp., Catonella morbi, Eubacterium spp., Filifactor alocis, Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus sp. OT113, Fusobacterium sp. OT203, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Streptococcus intermedius or Streptococcus constellatus, and Shuttlesworthia satelles. In contrast, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Cardiobacterium hominis, Gemella haemolysans, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Kingella oralis, Lautropia mirabilis, Neisseria elongata, Rothia dentocariosa, Streptococcus australis, and Veillonella spp. were more associated with therapeutic success.Conclusion: Persistence of putative and novel periodontal pathogens, as well as low prevalence of beneficial species was associated with chronic refractory periodontitis.
Suicide Mortality Among Patients Treated by the Veterans Health Administration From 2000 to 2007
Authors: Blow Frederic C. , Bohnert Amy S. B. , Ilgen Mark A. , Ignacio Rosalinda , McCarthy John F. , Valenstein Marcia M. , Knox Kerry L. 
Published: February 2012

Objectives. We sought to examine rates of suicide among individuals receiving health care services in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities over an 8-year period. Methods. We included annual cohorts of all individuals who received VHA health care services from fiscal year (FY) 2000 through FY 2007 (October 1, 1999–September 30, 2007; N = 8 855 655). Vital status and cause of death were obtained from the National Death Index. Results. Suicide was more common among VHA patients than members of the general US population. The overall rates of suicide among VHA patients decreased slightly but significantly from 2000 to 2007 (P < .001). Male veterans between the ages of 30 and 64 years were at the highest risk of suicide. Conclusions. VHA health care system patients are at elevated risk for suicide and are appropriate for suicide reduction services, although the rate of suicide has decreased in recent years for this group. Comprehensive approaches to suicide prevention in the VHA focus not only on recent returnees from Iraq and Afghanistan but also on middle-aged and older Veterans.
Addressing the Surveillance Goal in the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: The Department of Defense Suicide Event Report
Authors: Gahm Gregory A. , Reger Mark A. , Kinn Julie T. , Luxton David D. , Skopp Nancy A. , Bush Nigel E. 
Published: February 2012

The US National Strategy for Suicide Prevention (National Strategy) described 11 goals across multiple areas, including suicide surveillance. Consistent with these goals, the Department of Defense (DoD) has engaged aggressively in the area of suicide surveillance. The DoD's population-based surveillance system, the DoD Suicide Event Report (DoDSER) collects information on suicides and suicide attempts for all branches of the military. Data collected includes suicide event details, treatment history, military and psychosocial history, and psychosocial stressors at the time of the event. Lessons learned from the DoDSER program are shared to assist other public health professionals working to address the National Strategy objectives.
Pressure-derived versus pressure wave amplitude–derived indices of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity in relation to early clinical state and 12-month outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Sorteberg Angelika , Bentsen Gunnar , Marthinsen Pål Bache , Stubhaug Audun , Sorteberg Wilhelm 
Published: February 2012

Object
Indices of cerebrovascular pressure reactivity (CPR) represent surrogate markers of cerebral autoregulation. Given that intracranial pressure (ICP) wave amplitude–guided management, as compared with static ICP-guided management, improves outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), indices of CPR derived from pressure wave amplitudes should be further explored. This study was undertaken to investigate the value of CPR indices derived from static ICP–arterial blood pressure (ABP) values (pressure reactivity index [PRx]) versus ICP-ABP wave amplitudes (ICP-ABP wave amplitude correlation [IAAC]) in relation to the early clinical state and 12-month outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

Methods
The authors conducted a single-center clinical trial enrolling patients with aneurysmal SAH. The CPR indices of PRx and IAAC of Week 1 after hemorrhage were related to the early clinical state (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score) and 12-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale score).

Results
Ninety-four patients were included in the study. The IAAC, but not the PRx, increased with decreasing GCS score; that is, the higher the IAAC, the worse the clinical state. The PRx could differentiate between survivors and nonsurvivors only, whereas the IAAC clearly distinguished the groups “independent,” “dependent,” and “dead.” In patients with an average IAAC ≥ 0.2, mortality was approximately 3-fold higher than in those with an IAAC < 0.2.

Conclusions
The IAAC, which is based on single ICP-ABP wave identification, relates significantly to the early clinical state and 12-month outcome following aneurysmal SAH. Impaired cerebrovascular pressure regulation during the 1st week after a bleed relates to a worse outcome. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00248690.
GPR investigation in different archaeological sites in Tuscany (Italy). Analysis and comparison of the obtained results
Authors: Piro S. , Campana S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA Ground‐penetrating Radar (GPR) survey can enhance the quantity and quality of information when applied to archaeological prospection. The potential of the GPR method lies both in its relevance to a wide range of site conditions and the complementary nature of the data in comparison with other geophysical methods.The areas described in this paper were ‘detected’ by the Laboratory for Landscape Archaeology and Remote Sensing of University of Siena, during aerial prospection between 2001–2005. Analysis of the aerial photographs allowed interpretation of the Aiali, Castellina and Pava sites, province of Grosseto and Siena (Tuscany, Central Italy). These sites are related to quite a limited chronological range between late Roman and the early mediaeval period.All sites were studied through a multimethodological project based on the integration of field‐walking and digital global position system (DGPS) surveys combined with different geophysical investigations such as: differential magnetics, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and automatic resistivity profiler (ARP).This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of GPR over the indicated sites characterized by differences in the soil condition and hypothesized archaeological features. With this method a high‐resolution data acquisition was adopted with the aim of reconstructing the location, depth and shape of the archaeological structures in the selected areas. Signal processing and the time‐slice representation technique were used for the analysis of the collected data.Archaeological excavations and interpretations were then conducted systematically after completing the geophysical surveys (from 2006–2009), which confirmed the location and shape of most of the individualized structures. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy with which GPR data can be matched to excavation data and the improvement in target definition.
Instability analysis of the Villa Arianna site at Castellammare di Stabia (Naples)
Authors: Orlando Luciana 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe detection of fractures using ground‐penetrating radar is usually obtained by analysing the attributes of reflected and scattered energy. In this paper, I test advanced processing of the GPR direct ground wave in order to successfully detect and map near‐vertical fractures that generally affect structures located in unstable areas. I show that the advanced processing applied to the GPR time window of a direct ground wave (embedding the early reflection arrivals) overcomes the problem that often occurs when detecting near‐vertical distensive fractures on the basis of reflected and scattered energy. For the validation of the processing, I use a synthetic model simulating an oblique fracture in a homogeneous and stratified host material. The theoretical radargrams show that an oblique vertical fracture induces variations in the ground direct wave, in terms of both two‐way traveltime and shape. Taking into account such evidences, I relate the fracture to the attributes of the delay time of the ground direct wave and the spectral analysis of a time window embedding the direct waves.I test the advanced processing on real data acquired in the Villa Arianna archaeological complex (Naples) by analysing three kinds of floors composed of heterogeneous material, concrete and ancient mosaic. The last two floor types are affected by extensive cracks, which are visible on the floor. The analysis of attributes of actual data indicates that both attributes are effective for the detection of fractures in an homogeneous near‐surface layer and that the spectral analysis is more effective than the delay time of the ground direct wave for an heterogeneous layer. The selected GPR attributes are quickly and easily applicable in the detection and monitoring of near‐vertical distensive fractures because they can be calculated using GPR data acquired with a system deployed in reflection and continuous mode.
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with Takayasu arteritis: Experience from a referral center with long‐term followup
Authors: Schmidt Jean , Kermani Tanaz A. , Bacani A. Kirstin , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo report a single‐center experience with the use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA).MethodsWe retrospectively studied a cohort of patients with refractory TA evaluated at our institution and treated with TNF inhibitors. American College of Rheumatology criteria for TA were used for inclusion. Disease activity was assessed according to the National Institutes of Health criteria.ResultsWe included 20 patients (19 women, 17 white) with a mean ± SD age of 33 ± 10.2 years and a median disease duration of 15.9 months (interquartile range [IRQ] 2–32.7 months) prior to the use of TNF inhibitors. Before the use of TNF inhibitors, all 20 patients received prednisone. Other medication use included methotrexate (18 patients), azathioprine (5 patients), mycophenolate mofetil (3 patients), and cyclophosphamide (3 patients). Seventeen patients (85%) received infliximab, 2 patients (10%) received adalimumab, and 1 patient (5%) received etanercept. The median duration of treatment with TNF inhibitors was 23.0 months (IQR 8.7–38.9 months). Treatment with TNF inhibitors resulted in disease remission in 18 (90%) of 20 patients and sustained remission in 10 patients (50%). Ten (83%) of 12 patients were able to taper prednisone below 10 mg and 7 patients discontinued prednisone. However, 6 of the 18 patients achieving remission experienced relapse while receiving TNF inhibitors. Eleven patients (55%) discontinued TNF inhibitors for the following reasons: relapse, persistently active disease, lack of corticosteroid‐sparing effect, adverse effects (4 patients), and other reasons (4 patients).ConclusionIn this study, treatment with TNF inhibitors induced remission, including sustained remission in patients with refractory TA. However, 33% of patients experienced disease relapse while receiving TNF inhibitors and 20% discontinued treatment because of adverse events.
Local Organization of Graphene Network Inside Graphene/Polymer Composites
Authors: Alekseev Alexander , Chen Delei , Tkalya Evgeniy E. , Ghislandi Marcos G. , Syurik Yuliya , Ageev Oleg , Loos Joachim , de With Gijsbertus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe local electrical properties of a conductive graphene/polystyrene (PS) composite sample are studied by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) applying various methods for electrical properties investigation. We show that the conductive graphene network can be separated from electrically isolated graphene sheets (GS) by analyzing the same area with electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM). EFM is able to detect the graphene sheets below the sample surface with the maximal depth of graphene detection up to ≈100 nm for a tip‐sample potential difference of 3 V. To evaluate depth sensing capability of EFM, the novel technique based on a combination of SPM and microtomy is utilized. Such a technique provides 3D data of the GS distribution in the polymer matrix with z‐resolution on the order of ≈10 nm. Finally, we introduce a new method for data correction for more precise 3D reconstruction, which takes into account the height variations.
Characteristic time scales for predicting the scalar flux at a free surface in turbulent open‐channel flows
Authors: Nagaosa Ryuichi , Handler Robert A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to predict the turbulent scalar flux at a free surface subject to a fully developed turbulent flow based on a hydrodynamic analysis of turbulence in the region close to the free surface. The effect of the Reynolds number on turbulent scalar transfer mechanisms is extensively examined. A direct numerical simulation technique is applied to achieve the purpose. The surface‐renewal approximation is used to correlate the free‐surface hydrodynamics and scalar transport at the free surface. Two types of characteristic time scales have been examined for predicting turbulent scalar flux. One is the time scale derived from the characteristic length and velocity scale at the free surface. The other is the reciprocal of the root‐mean‐square surface divergence. The results of this study show that scalar transport at the free surface can be predicted successfully using these time scales based on the concept of the surface‐renewal approximation. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Silica‐based iminodiacetic acid functionalized adsorbent for Ni hydrometallurgical extraction of nickeliferous laterite
Authors: Li Xin , Li Baohua , Wu Shan , Li Jingbing , Xu Qitai , Yang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuqiang , Wang Shaohua , Chen Dongsheng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel silica‐based iminodiacetic acid functionalized adsorbent was fabricated and then used to nickel hydrometallurgical extraction for low‐grade nickeliferous laterites. The surface morphology of the adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption experiment indicated a maximum nickel load capacity of about 0.45 mmol/g. Analysis of adsorption thermodynamic and kinetics revealed a spontaneous adsorption process driven by entropy increase, and limited by film diffusion. Semi‐industrial scale column experiments revealed that the Ni2+ in the acidic leach liquor of low‐grade nickeliferous laterites may be efficiently extracted by the iminodiacetic acid functionalized adsorbent, if the Fe3+ ions existing in the acidic leach liquor were previously reduced to be Fe2+ by sodium sulfite. This environmentally safe adsorbent may supplant the traditional solvent extraction process for low‐grade nickeliferous laterites. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Craniodental features in male Mandrillus may signal size and fitness: An allometric approach
Authors: Klopp Emily B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAccording to a hypothesis in the broader mammalian literature, secondary sexual characteristics that have evolved to signal fitness and size to other conspecifics should exhibit positive allometry across adult males within a species. Here this hypothesis is tested in the genus Mandrillus. The overbuilding of bony features in larger individuals necessitates a functional explanation as bone is metabolically expensive to produce and maintain. Canine size and size of the maxillary ridge are scaled against a body size surrogate in intraspecific samples of male Mandrillus sphinx (mandrills) and Mandrillus leucophaeus (drills). Areal dimensions are weighted more heavily as they represent the size of a feature as it is viewed by individuals. Measures of the maxillary ridge and canine tooth are significantly correlated with the size surrogate and scale with positive allometry in both samples supporting the hypothesis that these features function to advertise a male's body size and fitness to other males competing for mates and potential discerning females. This is the first study in primates to test for intraspecific positive allometric scaling of bony facial features in adult males based on a theory of fitness signaling and sexual selection. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is hyperactivated in systemic sclerosis and induces Smad‐dependent fibrotic responses in mesenchymal cells
Authors: Wei Jun , Fang Feng , Lam Anna P. , Sargent Jennifer L. , Hamburg Emily , Hinchcliff Monique E. , Gottardi Cara J. , Atit Radhika , Whitfield Michael L. , Varga John 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveFibrosis in human diseases and animal models is associated with aberrant Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation, activity, mechanism of action, and significance of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in the context of systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsThe expression of Wnt signaling pathway components in SSc skin biopsy specimens was analyzed. The regulation of profibrotic responses by canonical Wnt/β‐catenin was examined in explanted human mesenchymal cells. Fibrotic responses were studied using proliferation, migration, and gel contraction assays. The cell fate specification of subcutaneous preadipocytes by canonical Wnt signaling was evaluated.ResultsAnalysis of published genome‐wide expression data revealed elevated expression of the Wnt receptor FZD2 and the Wnt target LEF1 and decreased expression of Wnt antagonists DKK2 and WIF1 in skin biopsy specimens from subsets of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc compared to the other distinct subsets. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased nuclear β‐catenin expression in these biopsy specimens. In vitro, Wnt‐3a induced β‐catenin activation, stimulated fibroblast proliferation and migration, collagen gel contraction, and myofibroblast differentiation, and enhanced profibrotic gene expression. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to demonstrate that these profibrotic responses involved autocrine transforming growth factor β signaling via Smads. In contrast, in explanted subcutaneous preadipocytes, Wnt‐3a repressed adipogenesis and promoted myofibroblast differentiation.ConclusionCanonical Wnt signaling was hyperactivated in SSc skin biopsy specimens. In explanted mesenchymal cells, Wnt‐3a stimulated fibrogenic responses while suppressing adipogenesis. Taken together, these results indicate that Wnts have potent profibrotic effects, and that canonical Wnt signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and lipoatrophy in SSc.
N‐ and c‐terminal extensions of μ‐conotoxins increase potency and selectivity for neuronal sodium channels
Authors: Schroeder Christina I. , Adams Denise , Thomas Linda , Alewood Paul F. , Lewis Richard J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstractμ‐Conotoxins are peptide blockers of voltage‐gated sodium channels (sodium channels), inhibiting tetrodotoxin‐sensitive neuronal (Nav1.2) and skeletal (Nav1.4) subtypes with highest affinity. Structure‐activity relationship studies of μ‐conotoxins SIIIA, TIIIA, and KIIIA have shown that it is mainly the C‐terminal part of the three‐loop peptide that is involved in binding to the sodium channel. In this study, we characterize the effect of N‐ and C‐terminal extensions of μ‐conotoxins SIIIA, SIIIB, and TIIIA on their potency and selectivity for neuronal versus muscle sodium channels. Interestingly, extending the N‐ or C‐terminal of the peptide by introducing neutral, positive, and/or negatively charged residues, the selectivity of the native peptide can be altered from neuronal to skeletal and the other way around. The results from this study provide further insight into the binding profile of μ‐conotoxins at voltage‐gated sodium channels, revealing that binding interactions outside the cysteine‐stablilized loops can contribute to μ‐conotoxin affinity and sodium channel selectivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 161–165, 2012.