bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XIII. Letter from Captain Nepean, to the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., President, communicating an account of certain Antiquities excavated, under his direction, in the Island of Sacrificios: followed by a Report upon the examination of them, by Samuel Birch, Esq.
Authors: Nepean Evan 
Published: June 2012

The public curiosity has been much roused by Stevens's recent work on Central America, as well as by the late visit of Mr. Walker and Captain Caddy of the Artillery, to Palenque, and other ancient cities in that quarter.I have the honour to acquaint your Lordship, as President of the Society of Antiquaries, that, having been lately on service in the gulph of Mexico, whilst laying off the island of Sacrificios, I caused several excavations to be made there, and succeeded in digging up various articles of pottery, idols, and musical instruments; amongst other specimens, are three or four types, or signets, with hieroglyphics, which may perhaps throw some light on the origin of the Mexicans, or the still more ancient race that preceded them.
XVII. Letter purporting to be written by Margaret Countess of Salisbury to her Son, Cardinal Pole; communicated, with remarks, by Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H., F.R.S. and S.A., to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H. F.R.S., Secretary
Authors: Palgrave Francis 
Published: June 2012

Amongst the State Papers in this repository, is a document without signature, written in a good bold secretary hand, such as was common in the reign of Henry VIII. and to the following effect:“Sonne Reignald—I send you God's blessyng and myne, more of my charitie then of your deservyng; for where my hope and trust was, in God, to have had comfort of you, the same, by your demeanour, is turned to sorrow.
XXII. A Letter from John Gage, Esq. F.R.S., Director, to Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Secretary, accompanying a Gold British Corselet exhibited to the Society, and since purchased by the Trustees of the British Museum
Authors: Gage John 
Published: June 2012

Diodorus in his account of Gaul, speaking of the ore obtained from the streams, says, that “by this means accumulating abundance of Gold, not only the women, but the men, use it for ornament; for round their wrists and arms they wear bracelets; round their necks thick collars of pure gold, and rings of great value, and even golden breast-plates.” Polybius, particularly remarks this national custom, and it is the subject of frequent allusion among the Roman authors, as in the following passage from Virgil, relating to the host of Brennus:Aurea csesaries ollis, atque aurea vestis:Virgatis lucent sagulis: turn lactea collaAuro innectuntur.
A simple proof of 𝐿^{𝑞}-estimates for the steady-state Oseen and Stokes equations in a rotating frame. Part I: Strong solutions
Authors: Galdi Giovanni , Kyed Mads 
Published: June 2012

Consider a rigid body moving in a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes liquid with a prescribed velocity

ξ
∈

R

3

\xi \in \mathbb {R}^3

and a non-zero angular velocity

ω
∈

R

3

∖
{
0
}

\omega \in \mathbb {R}^3\setminus \{ 0\}

that are constant when referred to a frame attached to the body. By linearizing the associated equations of motion, we obtain the Oseen (

ξ
≠
0

\xi \neq 0

) or Stokes (

ξ
=
0

\xi =0

) equations in a rotating frame of reference. We will consider the corresponding steady-state whole-space problem. Our main result in this first part concerns elliptic estimates of the solutions in terms of data in

L

q

(

R

3

)

L^{q}(\mathbb {R}^3)

. Such estimates have been established by R. Farwig in Tohoku Math. J., Vol. 58, 2006, for the Oseen case, and R. Farwig, T. Hishida, and D. Müller in Pacific J. Math., Vol. 215 (2), 2004, for the Stokes case. We introduce a new approach resulting in an elementary proof of these estimates. Moreover, our method yields more details on how the constants in the estimates depend on

ξ
\xi

and

ω
\omega

. In part II we will establish similar estimates in terms of data in the negative order homogeneous Sobolev space

D
0

−
1
,
q

(

R

3

)

D^{-1,q}_0(\mathbb {R}^3)

.
Low frequency oscillations in cephalic vessels assessed by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Phillip Dorte , Schytz Henrik W , Selb Juliette , Payne Stephen , Iversen Helle K , Skovgaard Lene T , Boas David A , Ashina Messoud 
Published: June 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (11): 1180–1188AbstractBackground and Methods  Low frequency oscillations (LFO) of cerebral vessels are believed to reflect cerebral autoregulation. We investigated day‐to‐day and hemispheric variations in 0·1 Hz LFO with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to determine phase shift and gain of oxygenated haemoglobin (oxyHb) and the velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmca) to the arterial blood pressure (ABP). The direct left–right phase shifts of oxyHb and Vmca were also assessed. We examined 44 healthy volunteers by simultaneous recordings of ABP, oxyHb and Vmca during spontaneous and paced breathing at 6 breaths per minute on two separate days.Results  The variation between hemispheres had a prediction interval (PI) of ±39° for ABP–oxyHb phase shift and ±69% for gain. ABP–Vmca showed ±57° PI phase shift and ±158% PI for gain. The variation from day to day showed ±61° PI for ABP–oxyHb phase shift and ±297% PI for gain. ABP–Vmca showed ±45° PI phase shift and ±166% PI for gain. We found a linear relation between phase shift of oxyHb and Vmca at paced breathing (P = 0·0005), but not at rest (P = 0·235).Conclusion  Our results show that LFO phase shift ABP–oxyHb may be used as a robust measurement of differences in autoregulation between hemispheres and over time. In addition, we found a strong relation between oxyHb and Vmca during paced breathing. Gain showed too large variation for clinical use, as the SD was up to 100‐fold of mean values.
Deletion of carboxypeptidase N delays onset of experimental cerebral malaria
Authors: DARLEY M. M. , RAMOS T. N. , WETSEL R. A. , BARNUM S. R. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryComplement contributes to inflammation during pathogen infections; however, less is known regarding its role during malaria and in the severest form of the disease, cerebral malaria. Recent studies have shown that deletion of the complement anaphylatoxins receptors, C3aR and C5aR, does not alter disease susceptibility in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). This does not, however, preclude C3a‐ and C5a‐mediated contributions to inflammation in ECM and raises the possibility that carboxypeptidase regulation of anaphylatoxin activity rapidly over rides their functions. To address this question, we performed ECM using carboxypeptidase N‐deficient (CPN−/−) mice. Unexpectedly, we found that CPN−/− mice survived longer than wild‐type mice, but they were fully susceptible to ECM. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration was not reduced at the peak of disease in CPN−/− mice, and there was no corresponding reduction in pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Our results indicate that carboxypeptidases contribute to the pathogenesis of ECM and that studies examining the contribution of other carboxypeptidase families and family members may provide greater insight into the role these enzymes play in malaria.
Recruitment, habitat selection and larval photoresponse of Paraleucilla magna (Porifera, Calcarea) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Padua André , Lanna Emilio , Zilberberg Carla , Paiva Paulo César de , Klautau Michelle 
Published: June 2012

AbstractLittle is known about the recruitment and behaviour of sponge larvae, especially of the class Calcarea. The calcareous sponge Paraleucilla magna is very common in Southeast Brazil, where it is considered a cryptogenic species. This study quantified recruitment rates in shaded and illuminated habitats for 2 years in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and analyzed larval photoresponses of this species. Four structures, each containing a shaded and an illuminated surface, were exchanged every 3 months for 2 years. The number of recruits was quantified on each plate. In the laboratory, larvae of P. magna were placed in half‐shaded Petri dishes and the number of settlers in each side was counted after 24 h. Paraleucilla magna recruited continuously throughout the experiment. Recruits occurred in greater abundance on shaded surfaces than on illuminated surfaces, and the larvae were negatively phototactic in vitro. Despite the possible influence of other factors in the recruitment of sponges (such as sedimentation, competition and predation), the prevalence of P. magna in shaded habitats may also be related to larval choice.
ICTs and Remembering the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade in Britain: An Occasion for Celebration or Remorse?
Authors: HUGHES CHRISTOPHER R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper will take the 2007 commemoration of the bicentenary of the abolition of the trans‐Atlantic slave trade by the United Kingdom as a case study to explore some of the dynamics that are generated when Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are used to shape social memory. Halbwach's proposition that memory is the product of a social group poses a fascinating challenge to many of the individualistic assumptions of the Western philosophical tradition.1 One of the major weaknesses of this theory, however, is that it says little about how memories are passed on within the same social group or transmitted from one generation to another.2 Existing work on this process of communication is in fact quite limited and tends to emphasise the role of commemorative ceremonies and bodily practices (such as gestures and manners).3 Even less attention has been paid to the role played by technological development.
Lifespan differences in nonlinear dynamics during rest and auditory oddball performance
Authors: Müller Viktor , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: June 2012

AbstractElectroencephalographic recordings (EEG) were used to assess age‐associated differences in nonlinear brain dynamics during both rest and auditory oddball performance in children aged 9.0–12.8 years, younger adults, and older adults. We computed nonlinear coupling dynamics and dimensional complexity, and also determined spectral alpha power as an indicator of cortical reactivity. During rest, both nonlinear coupling and spectral alpha power decreased with age, whereas dimensional complexity increased. In contrast, when attending to the deviant stimulus, nonlinear coupling increased with age, and complexity decreased. Correlational analyses showed that nonlinear measures assessed during auditory oddball performance were reliably related to an independently assessed measure of perceptual speed. We conclude that cortical dynamics during rest and stimulus processing undergo substantial reorganization from childhood to old age, and propose that lifespan age differences in nonlinear dynamics during stimulus processing reflect lifespan changes in the functional organization of neuronal cell assemblies.
Potential of Regional and Seasonal Requirements in US Regulation of Fresh Lemon Imports
Authors: Cororaton Caesar B. , Peterson Everett B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPeterson regional destination and seasonal access restrictions are regulatory options available to mitigate pest risk on imported fresh fruits and vegetables rather than impose an import ban. This paper analyses the economic effects of potential entry of Argentine lemons into the United States under alternative geographic and seasonal restrictions. One challenge to assessing the economic effect of entry is determining the post‐entry quantity of Argentine exports. Using a homothetic trans‐log expenditure function, we calibrate a set of reservation prices for US demand for Argentine lemons based on observed prices and quantities of other lemon varieties. These are compared with a set of projected entry prices to determine whether entry will occur and post‐entry export levels. Across the policy scenarios, Argentine lemon exports to the United States range from 8.0 to 14.9 million kg. Higher prices for Argentine lemons reduce its exports to the European Union and other markets, while lemon exports from Chile and Mexico are adversely affected. Broader applications of regional and/or seasonal restrictions may be effective policies for achieving pest risk mitigation goals in a manner consistent with WTO obligations to minimise distortions to trade.
Morphology and ultrastructure of the chorioallantoic placenta of the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis) with special reference to heterophagous areolas and the nature of interhaemal barrier
Authors: Siniza Swetlana , Lupiañez Dario G. , Jiménez Rafael , Zeller Ulrich 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study provides a contribution to the reconstruction of the eulipotyphlan placental morphotype and also may help resolving a long‐standing conflict about the interhaemal barrier in moles. As detailed descriptions of talpid placentation, only available for Talpa europaea and Scalopus aquaticus, led to a controversial debate on the nature of interhaemal barrier, the collection of more placental data of further mole species was strongly desired. Hence, the placentas of six gestational stages of Talpa occidentalis have been studied concerning their morphogenesis and ultrastructure with special focus on the structure of the interhaemal barrier and heterophagous regions. Generally, the mode of placentation in T. occidentalis resembles that of T. europaea, including a broad, discoid, antimesometrial, definitive chorioallantoic placenta of labyrinthine type being still villous in earlier stages. Within the labyrinth, the zona intima shows an endotheliochorial interhaemal barrier with a two‐layered trophoblast. This clearly contradicts former statements on the S. aquaticus placenta made by Prasad et al. (1979), although their findings cannot exclude a totally different interpretation. Regardless, the placenta of moles represents the least invasive mode of placentation among Eulipotyphla, which otherwise have highly invasive placentas. Although the phagocytic areolas situated above uterine gland openings are heterophagous, they mainly seem to serve fetal histiotrophic nutrition, at least early in pregnancy. In later stages the number of glands and areolas decreases. This special type of additional phagocytic region is usually most common in species with noninvasive, epitheliochorial placentation, which suggests a correlation between placental invasiveness and the occurrence and type of phagocytic placental structures. The compact and invasive mode of placentation of Talpidae and all other Eulipotyphla seems to be plesiomorphic within Laurasiatheria and is always correlated with an altricial neonate.
Mechanism of Mn(II)‐mediated dysregulation of glutamine–glutamate cycle: focus on glutamate turnover
Authors: Sidoryk‐Wegrzynowicz Marta , Lee Eunsook , Aschner Michael 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 856–867.AbstractManganese (Mn) has been implicated in the impairment of the glutamate–glutamine cycling (GGC) by deregulation of Glu and glutamine (Gln) turnover in astrocytes. Here, we have examined possible mechanisms involved in the Mn(II)‐mediated disruption of Glu turnover, including those related to protein degradation, such as the proteasomal and lysosomal machinery. Our study revealed that lysosome but not proteasomal inhibition is responsible for down‐regulation of the Glu transporter after Mn(II) treatment. Because protein kinase C (PKC) activation leads to the down‐regulation of Glu carriers, and Mn(II) increases PKC activity, we hypothesized that the PKC signaling contributes to the Mn(II)‐mediated disruption of Glu turnover. Our results show that PKC activation causes a decrease in Glu uptake and that inhibition of PKC reverses Mn(II)‐dependent down‐regulation of Glu influx as well as glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) and glutamate–aspartate transporter (GLAST) protein level. Co‐immunoprecipitation studies show association of GLT1 with the PKCδ and PKCα isoforms and Mn(II)‐induced specific increase in PKCδ‐GLT1 interaction. In addition, astrocytes transfected with shRNA against PKCδ show decreased sensitivity to Mn(II) compared with those transfected with control shRNA or shRNA targeted against PKCα. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PKCδ signaling is involved in the Mn(II)‐induced deregulation of Glu turnover in astrocytes.
Entering a World with No Future: A phenomenological study describing the embodied experience of time when living with severe incurable disease
Authors: Ellingsen Sidsel , Roxberg Åsa , Kristoffersen Kjell , Rosland Jan Henrik , Alvsvåg Herdis 
Published: June 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 165–174

A phenomenological study describing the embodied experience of time when living with severe incurable disease
This article presents findings from a phenomenological study exploring experience of time by patients living close to death. The empirical data consist of 26 open‐ended interviews from 23 patients living with severe incurable disease receiving palliative care in Norway. Three aspects of experience of time were revealed as prominent: (i) Entering a world with no future; living close to death alters perception of and relationship to time. (ii) Listening to the rhythm of my body, not looking at the clock; embodied with severe illness, it is the body not the clock that structures and controls the activities of the day. (iii). Receiving time, taking time; being offered – not asked for – help is like receiving time that confirms humanity, in contrast to having to ask for help which is like taking others time and thereby revealing own helplessness. Experience of time close to death is discussed as an embodied experience of inner, contextual, relational dimensions in harmony and disharmony with the rhythm of nature, environment and others. Rhythms in harmony provide relief, while rhythms in disharmony confer weakness and limit time.
COERCION, AUTONOMY, AND THE PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR IN THE ETHICS OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: JAYCOX MICHAEL P. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe debate concerning whether to legalize and regulate the global market in human organs is hindered by a lack of adequate bioethical language. The author argues that the preferential option for the poor, a theological category, can provide the grounding for an inductive moral epistemology adequate for reforming the use of culturally Western bioethical language. He proposes that the traditional, Western concept of bioethical coercion ought to be modified and expanded because the conditions of the market system, as viewed from the perspective of organ vendors systemically deprived of access to sufficient resources, are sufficiently exploitative as to diminish the possibility of these vendors giving informed consent. Moreover, empirical studies conducted by professionals in medicine, sociology, psychiatry, economics, and medical anthropology continue to contribute support to the growing interdisciplinary consensus that functionally coercive structural factors exert the most significant influence upon a vendor's decision to sell an organ within any market, regardless of legality or degree of regulation. Therefore any proposal to legalize and regulate the organ market remains patently unethical because doing so would likely function to constrain further the agency of poor potential vendors.
FROM INTEGRATIVE BIOETHICS TO PSEUDOSCIENCE
Authors: BRACANOVIĆ TOMISLAV 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIntegrative bioethics is a brand of bioethics conceived and propagated by a group of Croatian philosophers and other scholars. This article discusses and shows that the approach encounters several serious difficulties. In criticizing certain standard views on bioethics and in presenting their own, the advocates of integrative bioethics fall into various conceptual confusions and inconsistencies. Although presented as a project that promises to deal with moral dilemmas created by modern science and technology, integrative bioethics does not contain the slightest normativity or action‐guiding capacity. Portrayed as a scientific and interdisciplinary enterprise, integrative bioethics displays a large number of pseudoscientific features that throw into doubt its overall credibility.
Time constraints related to sexual maturation and prolonged copulation in the female‐dimorphic damselfly Ischnura senegalensis
Authors: Takahashi Yuma , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTime constraints are critical for reproductive success. To understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of morph frequency in the female‐dimorphic damselfly Ischnura senegalensis, we compared two different morphs for two important time constraints on female reproductive output, i.e. post‐emergence sexual maturation and prolonged copulation. The females of both morphs achieved sexual maturation 4–5 days after emergence, suggesting that the rate of sexual mutation does not result in morph‐specific fitness. The copulation durations declined with the time of onset of copulation in both morphs. Consequently, all copulations terminated at approximately 12:00 hours. Because females show foraging and oviposition activity only after copulation, the copulation duration does not result in morph‐specific time constraints. These two important time constraints do not account for morph‐specific reproductive success and do not affect the evolutionary equilibrium of morph frequency in I. senegalensis.