bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pastoralism and Resulting Challenges for National Parks in Afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Samson , Melaku Hamere , Kidanu Ashenafi GebreGiorgis , Tschopp Rea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPastoralists and national parks are key stakeholders in the management and conservation of natural and protected habitats. In Ethiopia, Afar pastoralists migrate seasonally with their livestock in search for grazing and water areas. Livestock are also a source of infectious diseases that can spread into wildlife populations when pastoralists encroach into unfenced national parks. The interactions between pastoralists and national parks, as well as the subsequent impacts, remain insufficiently understood in Afar. Two structured questionnaire surveys were conducted in 2021, including 300 pastoralist households in seven woredas of Afar, and 58 staff from three national parks (Awash, Alidegi and Yangudi Rassa). They captured pastoralist movements and livestock diseases as well as the perception of national park staff regarding challenges resulting from pastoral encroachment into parks. Among the pastoralists, 74.7% migrated with their livestock for a mean 3.5 months per year, during which time, 90% of respondents reported contact with other livestock herds, and over 80% with wildlife. A third (34.2%) reported disease outbreaks in their village prior to migration. Pastoralists traveled long distances, crossing woreda, regional or national boundaries. All 58-park respondents reported pastoralists with livestock inside their park and their close contact with wildlife. Additionally, 69% reported the presence of domestic dogs. Wildlife displacement, habitat loss and dog attacks on wildlife were perceived as the main threat caused by the presence of pastoralists, whereas diseases were only mentioned by 15.5%. Overall, park staff showed poor disease knowledge. They reported poor disease surveillance and no disease response. Within pastoral contexts, improved collaboration between wildlife and livestock authorities regarding land use, disease awareness and surveillance is needed to balance the needs of both wildlife and pastoralist’s livestock development and mitigate threats to wildlife habitats.
Resonant Ring with a Gain of 36 for Use with a 1 MW 110 GHz Gyrotron
Authors: Claveau Elliot L. , Shapiro Michael A. , Temkin Richard J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 110 GHz quasi-optical ring resonator, designed for use with a 1 MW pulsed gyrotron, has been built and successfully tested using a 100 mW solid-state source. A low reflectance (2.4%) input coupler and a low-loss, four-mirror ring demonstrated a compression ratio, defined as the ratio of output to input power, of 36. The 6 ns output pulses were generated from the 2 m length ring using a silicon laser-driven semiconductor switch (LDSS). The quasi-optical ring resonator was designed with large waist sizes so that input pulses of up to 1 MW will stay under the 35 kV/cm electric field limit for ionization in ambient air. Maximum compression gain was achieved by matching the input coupling fraction to the round trip loss in the ring, achieving close to critical coupling. The experimental output pulse shape obtained after firing the LDSS was modeled using the reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance of the switch vs. time and vs. laser pulse fluence, with good agreement found with theory. The timing for the peak energy efficiency of 32% was found and the main loss mechanism limiting that efficiency was found to be the absorptance in the silicon wafer.
GPINN with Neural Tangent Kernel Technique for Nonlinear Two Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Jha Navnit , Mallik Ekansh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeural networks as differential equation solvers are a good choice of numerical technique because of their fast solutions and their nature in tackling some classical problems which traditional numerical solvers faced. In this article, we look at the famous gradient descent optimization technique, which trains the network by updating parameters which minimizes the loss function. We look at the theoretical part of gradient descent to understand why the network works great for some terms of the loss function and not so much for other terms. The loss function considered here is built in such a way that it incorporates the differential equation as well as the derivative of the differential equation. The fully connected feed-forward network is designed in such a way that, without training at boundary points, it automatically satisfies the boundary conditions. The neural tangent kernel for gradient enhanced physics informed neural networks is examined in this work, and we demonstrate how it may be used to generate a closed-form expression for the kernel function. We also provide numerical experiments demonstrating the effectiveness of the new approach for several two point boundary value problems. Our results suggest that the neural tangent kernel based approach can significantly improve the computational accuracy of the gradient enhanced physics informed neural network while reducing the computational cost of training these models.
ACKR3 Antagonism Enhances the Repair of Demyelinated Lesions Through Both Immunomodulatory and Remyelinating Effects
Authors: Pouzol Laetitia , Sassi Anna , Tunis Mélanie , Zurbach Anaïs , Baumlin Nadège , Gnerre Carmela , Strasser Daniel S. , Marrie Julia , Vezzali Enrico , Martinic Marianne M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAddressing inflammation, demyelination, and associated neurodegeneration in inflammatory demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) remains challenging. ACT-1004-1239, a first-in-class and potent ACKR3 antagonist, currently undergoing clinical development, showed promise in preclinical MS models, reducing neuroinflammation and demyelination. However, its effectiveness in treating established disease and impact on remyelination after the occurrence of demyelinated lesions remain unexplored. This study assessed the therapeutic effect of ACT-1004-1239 in two demyelinating disease models. In the proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, ACT-1004-1239 administered upon the detection of the first signs of paralysis, resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in EAE disease severity, concomitant with diminished immune cell infiltrates in the CNS and reduced demyelination. Notably, efficacy correlated with elevated plasma concentrations of CXCL11 and CXCL12, two pharmacodynamic biomarkers of ACKR3 antagonism. Combining ACT-1004-1239 with siponimod, an approved immunomodulatory treatment for MS, synergistically reduced EAE severity. In the cuprizone-induced demyelination model, ACT-1004-1239 administered after 5 weeks of cuprizone exposure, significantly accelerated remyelination, already quantifiable one week after cuprizone withdrawal. Additionally, ACT-1004-1239 penetrated the CNS, elevating brain CXCL12 concentrations. These results demonstrate that ACKR3 antagonism significantly reduces the severity of experimental demyelinating diseases, even when treatment is initiated therapeutically, after the occurrence of lesions. It confirms the dual mode of action of ACT-1004-1239, exhibiting both immunomodulatory effects by reducing neuroinflammation and promyelinating effects by accelerating myelin repair. The results further strengthen the rationale for evaluating ACT-1004-1239 in clinical trials for patients with demyelinating diseases.
Entwicklung, Pretestung und Erprobung von Selbstbewertungsinstrumenten zur Erhebung der organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz in Einrichtungen der Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: László Emese , Spatzier Denis , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Projekt „Entwicklung der Gesundheitskompetenz in Einrichtungen der Gesundheitsversorgung“ (EwiKo) wurden fünf Selbstbewertungsinstrumente (Selbstchecks) zur Erfassung der organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz (OGK) in Einrichtungen der Gesundheitsversorgung (Krankenhaus, Einrichtungen der (Alten‑)Pflege und Eingliederungshilfe sowie in Leichter Sprache) entwickelt, gepretestet und in Piloteinrichtungen erprobt.

Ziel
Ziel des Beitrags ist es, den mehrstufigen, partizipativen Entwicklungsprozess der Selbstchecks zu beschreiben sowie die Anpassungen an den deutschsprachigen Kontext und an die genannten Einrichtungsarten im Projekt „EwiKo“ darzustellen.

Methodik
Auf Basis des „International Self-Assessment Tool for Organizational Health Literacy of Hospitals v1.0“ (SAT-OHL-Hos-v1.0; n = 8 Standards, n = 21 Substandards, n = 155 Items) wurden fünf Selbstchecks (für das Krankenhaus, Einrichtungen der (Alten‑)Pflege, Eingliederungshilfe und in Leichter Sprache für Menschen mit kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen) entwickelt. Die Selbstchecks wurden von n = 9 Expert*innen aus n = 7 Gesundheitseinrichtungen gepretestet. Nach den Pretests wurde das Instrument überarbeitet und im Projekt „EwiKo“ mit n = 43 Vertreter*innen in n = 6 Piloteinrichtungen erprobt. Die Änderungsbedarfe der Piloteinrichtungen wurden in Fokusgruppeninterviews erfasst und die Selbstchecks nach der Pilotphase (15–18 Monate) angepasst.

Ergebnisse
Vor den Pretests umfassten die Selbstchecks (Ausnahme: Leichte Sprache) n = 8 Standards der OGK, n = 21 Substandards, n = 102 Items. Nach den Pretests wurden die Selbstchecks gekürzt und enthielten n = 8 Handlungsfelder (HF) der OGK, n = 20 Substandards und n = 77–89 Items. Nach der Erprobung der Instrumente wünschten sich die Piloteinrichtungen eine differenziertere Ausformulierung der Items. Die Bezeichnung „Standards“ wurde zu „Handlungsfelder der OGK“ umbenannt. Nach der Überarbeitung umfassten die Selbstschecks n = 8 HF der OGK, n = 21 Substandards und n = 81–93 Items. Der Selbstcheck in Leichter Sprache wurde erstmalig entwickelt, dem Pretest unterzogen und enthielt in der pilotierten Version 20 Items.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Erfassung der OGK in Einrichtungen der Gesundheitsversorgung mit validierten Instrumenten ist unabdingbar, um Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der GK bedarfsspezifisch zu planen und umsetzen zu können. Mit den Selbstchecks ist es künftig möglich, die OGK nach Einrichtungsart zu erfassen und den Erfolg der durchgeführten Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der OGK – im Sinne eines Monitorings – kontinuierlich zu überprüfen.
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen digitaler Resilienztrainings
Authors: Göritz Anja S. , Bührle Robin , Wimmer Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDie durch Digitalisierung gesteigerte Flexibilität und Effizienz im Beruf haben ihren Preis in
Form digitalen Stresses, welcher u.a. durch ständige Erreichbarkeit und eine stetige Anpassung an
den Stand der Technik entsteht. In ihrer Doppelgesichtigkeit ist die Digitalisierung zugleich Quelle gesteigerter
und verminderter Resilienz von Arbeitenden. Digitale Resilienztrainings stärken individuelle Resilienz,
indem sie über das WWW, per App oder in anderen virtuellen Umgebungen psychische Fertigkeiten und Haltungen
der Arbeitnehmenden wie Achtsamkeit, Optimismus und Selbstwirksamkeit schulen. Der Beitrag bespricht exemplarisch
ein auf Optimismus abzielendes digitales Resilienztraining, das in einem Unternehmen durchgeführt und
evaluiert wurde, und setzt es mit den Grenzen und Herausforderungen digitaler Resilienztrainings allgemein
in Beziehung.
Role of tranexamic acid in reducing peri-operative blood loss in open spine surgeries
Authors: Kanhangad Madhava Pai , Ramachandra Theja V. , Bhat Shyamasunder N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpine surgeries are associated with significant blood loss due to the extensive soft tissue dissection, bony decompression, and prolonged surgical time. Excessive bleeding may require blood transfusions and thereby increase the risk of adverse transfusion reactions. Therefore, minimizing peri-operative bleeding is important for spine surgeons to reduce post-operative morbidity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic drug, which helps in reducing perioperative blood loss in major surgeries. The evidence on the efficacy of this agent in all manner of spine surgeries is not sufficient. Hence this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of TXA on perioperative blood loss in major spinal surgeries. In a prospective study, two groups of patients with similar surgical profiles who were posted for all manner of open spine surgeries were included. One group received one gram of intravenous TXA while the others did not. Intra- and post-operative assessments included noting levels of surgery, duration of surgery, assessment of blood loss, intra- and/or post- operative blood transfusion, and blood collected in surgical drain at the end of 24 h. The intra-operative blood loss, frequency of intra-operative blood transfusion, post-operative Hemoglobin drop, and surgical drain output were found to be significantly lower in patients who received TXA. In spine surgeries, TXA was found to be effective in reducing intra-operative blood loss, need for intra-operative blood transfusion and post-operative Hb drop. Also, TXA had reduced surgical drain output significantly between the two groups.
Ionic Liquid Processing of Residual Wood Powder into Additive-Free Wood Composites
Authors: Barr Meredith Rose , Lee Koon-Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work presents a novel process for production of additive-free wood composites by ionic liquid treatment of wood powder involving extraction of lignin followed by precipitation onto particle surfaces, and hot pressing to form a cellulose-reinforced lignin biocomposite. Physicochemical properties of lignin-coated wood powders, as well as their degree of fusion upon hot pressing, were evaluated with the aim of optimising ionic liquid treatment and hot-pressing conditions. Optimal conditions to achieve complete fusion while minimising process energy demand were determined using response surface methodology, and mechanisms of process parameter effects investigated using gas pycnometry, electron microscopy, image analysis, thermogravimetry, and calorimetry. These novel materials, derived solely from waste with only reusable reagents, represent a sustainable alternative to existing engineered wood products, which rely on petrochemical additives that release toxic volatile compounds, offering a means to reduce environmental and health hazards associated with production and use of composites from wood waste.
Discussing Conflicting Explanatory Approaches in Flexibility Training Under Consideration of Physiology: A Narrative Review
Authors: Warneke Konstantin , Behm David G. , Alizadeh Shahab , Hillebrecht Martin , Konrad Andreas , Wirth Klaus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying range of motion enhancements via flexibility training discussed in the literature show high heterogeneity in research methodology and study findings. In addition, scientific conclusions are mostly based on functional observations while studies considering the underlying physiology are less common. However, understanding the underlying mechanisms that contribute to an improved range of motion through stretching is crucial for conducting comparable studies with sound designs, optimising training routines and accurately interpreting resulting outcomes. While there seems to be no evidence to attribute acute range of motion increases as well as changes in muscle and tendon stiffness and pain perception specifically to stretching or foam rolling, the role of general warm-up effects is discussed in this paper. Additionally, the role of mechanical tension applied to greater muscle lengths for range of motion improvement will be discussed. Thus, it is suggested that physical training stressors can be seen as external stimuli that control gene expression via the targeted stimulation of transcription factors, leading to structural adaptations due to enhanced protein synthesis. Hence, the possible role of serial sarcomerogenesis in altering pain perception, reducing muscle stiffness and passive torque, or changes in the optimal joint angle for force development is considered as well as alternative interventions with a potential impact on anabolic pathways. As there are limited possibilities to directly measure serial sarcomere number, longitudinal muscle hypertrophy remains without direct evidence. The available literature does not demonstrate the necessity of only using specific flexibility training routines such as stretching to enhance acute or chronic range of motion.
Pharmacogenomic Testing to Guide Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khorassani Farah , Jermain Mandy , Cadiz Christine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
Major depressive disorder is a prevalent psychiatric illness associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic burden worldwide. Despite the widespread use of antidepressants, remission rates among those treated with antidepressants remain low. Opportunities to personalize medication choices and doses and optimize clinical outcomes using pharmacogenomic testing have been evaluated.

Recent findings
Several prospective clinical trials and a recent meta-analysis have evaluated the impact of PGx-guided prescribing compared to treatment as usual and found no difference in clinical outcomes for patients with MDD.

Summary
We performed a systematic review of all prospective trials evaluating the effect of pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing on clinical outcomes of patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases for articles in English published from January 2010 to December 2022. Studies that did not report any patient-level outcomes were excluded. A total of 2489 studies were screened for eligibility. Full-text screening for 315 yielded 293 exclusions; thus, 22 studies were included. Sixteen of the 22 studies were randomized-controlled trials with durations varying from 90 days to 52 weeks. The findings of this systematic review suggest widespread routine pharmacogenomic testing may not yield significant changes in clinical outcomes when compared to treatment as usual. These results may or may not be generalizable to all persons taking antidepressants given guideline recommendations for pharmacogenomic-guided prescribing in patients on specific antidepressants. Future studies are warranted evaluating the utility of such testing in these subpopulations.
ACGND: towards lower complexity and fast solution for dynamic tensor inversion
Authors: Ye Aiping , Xiao Xiuchun , Xiao Hua , Jiang Chengze , Lin Cong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDynamic Tensor Inversion (DTI) is an emerging issue in recent research, prevalent in artificial intelligence development frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Traditional numerical methods suffer significant lagging error when addressing this issue. To address this, Zeroing-type Neural Dynamics (ZND) and Gradient-type Neural Dynamics (GND) are employed to tackle the DTI. However, these two methods exhibit inherent limitations in the resolution process, i.e. high computational complexity and low solution accuracy, respectively. Motivated by this technology gap, this paper proposes an Adaptive Coefficient Gradient Neural Dynamics (ACGND) for dynamically solving the DTI with an efficient and precise manner. Through a series of simulation experiments and validations in engineering applications, the ACGND demonstrates advantages in resolving DTI. The ACGND enhances computational efficiency by circumventing matrix inversion, thereby reducing computational complexity. Moreover, its incorporation of adaptive coefficients and activation functions enables real-time adjustments of the computational solution, facilitating rapid convergence to theoretical solutions and adaptation to non-statinary scenarios. Code is available at https://github.com/Maia2333/ACGND-Code-Implementation.
Effects of CuCr1Zr contamination on the tensile properties and microstructure of stainless steel 316L produced via laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Tucker Michael R. , Deillon Léa , Forner Robin , Bambach Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCopper contamination has a negative effect on the tensile properties of certain stainless steel grades due to a weakening of grain boundaries via liquid metal embrittlement. This is especially problematic given current trends in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) that elevate contamination risks, such as multi-material processing or the use of recycled materials. As such, it is critical to establish composition limits for use in standard specifications. This study investigates the changes in tensile properties and cracking behavior in stainless steel alloy 316L contaminated with copper alloy CuCr1Zr at concentrations of 0–10 particle percent (pt.%) in horizontal, diagonal, and vertical build orientations. It is found that microcracks are already present at 1 pt.% Cu alloy and increase in density with contamination. The cracks are generally vertically oriented along columnar grain boundaries and are associated with high local Cu content, thus exacerbating the anisotropy of the as-built material. The contamination decreases the elastic modulus, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and uniform elongation, eventually transitioning from ductile to brittle fracture modes. The build orientation relative to the tensile loading axis is shown to be a critical design parameter due to the preferential crack initiation and growth direction. The fracture surfaces at 10 pt.% contamination show regularly spaced, smooth brick-like cleavage patterns that correspond to the columnar grain dimensions. Even so, the measured YS and UTS exceeded the ASTM F3184-16 standard for CuCr1Zr contaminations up to 5 pt.%. As a conservative limit, it is proposed that a maximum content of 1 wt% Cu be specified for L-PBF SS316L.
Patterns of stability in complex contagions
Authors: Reisinger Daniel , Tschofenig Fabian , Adam Raven , Kogler Marie Lisa , Füllsack Manfred , Veider Fabian , Jäger Georg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractContagions refer to the spread or transmission of diseases, behaviors, beliefs, or emotions. While some contagions easily propagate throughout entire populations, others seem to be more constrained and propagate only within specific parts of the population. This arises not just because of different transmission rates but because of qualitative differences in the mechanisms with which contagions propagate throughout a network. Diseases typically propagate through single connections, while behaviors and beliefs often necessitate multiple connections for further propagation, termed complex contagions. In this paper, we propose a graph reduction method to reduce a network to include only connections immediately relevant to the propagation of a complex contagion. Through repeated application, we obtain structures that remain stable under the reduction, allowing us to define and measure for any given network, (i) strongly contagious components, (ii) weakly contagious components, and (iii) bridge components. Information about the size and location of these components can be used as a meaningful basis to assess and prevent the potential spread of harmful contagions as well as incentivize the spread of beneficial contagions.