bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithetical asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: a line bisection study
Authors: Rao Naren P , Arasappa Rashmi , Reddy Nalini N , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Gangadhar Bangalore N 
Published: May 2010

Rao NP, Arasappa R, Reddy NN, Venkatasubramanian G, Gangadhar BN. Antithetical asymmetry in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder: a line bisection study. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 221–229. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Evolutionary theories link the pathogenesis of psychosis with anomalous brain asymmetry. Research shows that aberrant lateralization is linked to schizophrenia with elevated rates of left‐handedness and reversal of normal cerebral asymmetries. However, lateralization is underexamined in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and the available literature suggests the possibility of greater lateralization, which is diametrically opposite to what is observed in schizophrenia. For the first time, we report concurrent analyses of asymmetry in BPAD and schizophrenia using a line bisection task.Methods:  We examined 164 subjects (31 patients with BPAD in remission, 30 patients with schizophrenia, and 103 healthy controls) using a two‐hand line bisection task with established methodology. Raters with good inter‐rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.8) measured deviation from the center. Task performance was compared using analysis of covariance with age, sex, and education as covariates.Results:  Study groups did not differ significantly on age, sex, and handedness (p > 0.06). Patients (both schizophrenia and BPAD) had significantly more errors in identifying the center than controls (p < 0.001). Patients with schizophrenia bisected fewer lines at center than controls and BPAD subjects (p < 0.001). Using their right hand, schizophrenia patients had significant rightward deviation and BPAD patients had leftward deviation (p = 0.001). A significant interaction between diagnosis and direction of deviation (p = 0.01) was noted, with significant rightward deviation in schizophrenia and a trend toward leftward deviation in BPAD.Conclusions:  Study findings suggest attenuation of normal pseudoneglect in schizophrenia and accentuation of normal pseudoneglect in BPAD, indicating lesser lateralization in schizophrenia and possibly greater lateralization in BPAD. From an evolutionary perspective, schizophrenia and BPAD might have antithetical origins.
Pretreatment and outcome correlates of past sexual and physical trauma in 118 bipolar I disorder patients with a first episode of psychotic mania
Authors: Conus Philippe , Cotton Sue , Schimmelmann Benno G , Berk Michael , Daglas Rothanthi , McGorry Patrick D , Lambert Martin 
Published: May 2010

Conus P, Cotton S, Schimmelmann BG, Berk M, Daglas R, McGorry PD, Lambert M. Pretreatment and outcome correlates of past sexual and physical trauma in 118 bipolar I disorder patients with a first episode of psychotic mania. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 244–252. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  To assess the prevalence and correlates of childhood and adolescent sexual and/or physical abuse (SPA) in bipolar I disorder (BDI) patients treated for a first episode of psychotic mania.Methods:  The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre admitted 786 first‐episode psychosis patients between 1998 and 2000. Data were collected from patients’ files using a standardized questionnaire. A total of 704 files were available; 43 were excluded because of a nonpsychotic diagnosis at endpoint and 3 due to missing data regarding past stressful events. Among 658 patients with available data, 118 received a final diagnosis of BDI and were entered in this study.Results:  A total of 80% of patients had been exposed to stressful life events during childhood and adolescence and 24.9% to SPA; in particular, 29.8% of female patients had been exposed to sexual abuse. Patients who were exposed to SPA had poorer premorbid functioning, higher rates of forensic history, were less likely to live with family during treatment period, and were more likely to disengage from treatment.Conclusions:  SPA is highly prevalent in BDI patients presenting with a first episode of psychotic mania; exposed patients have lower premorbid functional levels and poorer engagement with treatment. The context in which such traumas occur must be explored in order to determine whether early intervention strategies may contribute to diminish their prevalence. Specific psychological interventions must also be developed.
Association between mood stabilizers and hypothyroidism in patients with bipolar disorders: a nested, matched case‐control study
Authors: Gau Churn‐Shiouh , Chang Ching‐Jui , Tsai Fang‐Ju , Chao Pei‐Fong , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen 
Published: May 2010

Gau C‐S, Chang C‐J, Tsai F‐J, Chao P‐F, Gau SS‐F. Association between mood stabilizers and hypothyroidism in patients with bipolar disorders: a nested, matched case‐control study. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 253–263. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  This study investigated whether lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate increased the risk for hypothyroidism using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Dataset.Methods:  The sample included 557 bipolar disorder patients with incident hypothyroidism first diagnosed between 1998 and 2004, and 2,228 sex‐, age‐, and index date‐matched bipolar disorder patients without hypothyroidism from 1996–2004. We compared the use of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate before the onset of hypothyroidism between the two groups using a conditional logistical regression model.Results:  Compared with patients who had never used any of the three mood stabilizers, patients were more likely to have hypothyroidism if they only used carbamazepine [odds ratio (OR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.65]; or comedication of lithium and valproate (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.70–3.40), lithium and carbamazepine (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.10–2.08), and three mood stabilizers (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.68–3.25). There was a dose‐response relationship between the number of mood stabilizers and risk for hypothyroidism (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.21–1.49) and a significant interaction between lithium and valproate on the risk for hypothyroidism (p = 0.020).Conclusions:  Our findings indicate that lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate may increase the risk for hypothyroidism, particularly if combined, and suggest regular monitoring of thyroid function and monotherapy of mood stabilizers for treating patients with bipolar disorders.
A randomized, placebo‐ and active‐controlled study of paliperidone extended release for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder
Authors: Vieta Eduard , Nuamah Isaac F , Lim Pilar , Yuen Eric C , Palumbo Joseph M , Hough David W , Berwaerts Joris 
Published: May 2010

Vieta E, Nuamah IF, Lim P, Yuen EC, Palumbo JM, Hough DW, Berwaerts J. A randomized, placebo‐ and active‐controlled study of paliperidone extended release for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 230–243. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  To evaluate the antimanic efficacy and safety of paliperidone extended‐release (ER) tablets in patients with bipolar I disorder.Methods:  This study included a 3‐week, double‐blind, acute treatment phase (paliperidone ER versus placebo, with quetiapine as control), and a 9‐week, double‐blind, maintenance phase (paliperidone ER versus quetiapine). Patients [n = 493; Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score ≥ 20] were randomized (2:2:1) to flexibly dosed paliperidone ER (3–12 mg/day), quetiapine (400–800 mg/day), or placebo for the acute treatment phase. During the maintenance phase, patients assigned to placebo were switched to paliperidone ER but not included in analysis of efficacy.Results:  Paliperidone ER was superior to placebo at the 3‐week endpoint {primary outcome; least‐squares mean difference in change from baseline in YMRS scores [95% confidence interval (CI)]: −5.5 (−7.57; −3.35); p < 0.001} and noninferior to quetiapine at the 12‐week endpoint [least‐squares mean difference (95% CI): 1.7 (−0.47; 3.96)]. The median mode dose during the 12‐week treatment period was 9 mg for paliperidone ER and 600 mg for quetiapine. The most common (≥ 10%) treatment‐emergent adverse events during the 12‐week period were: headache (16%), somnolence (10%), and akathisia (10%) for paliperidone ER; somnolence (21%), sedation and dry mouth (17% each), headache (14%), and dizziness (13%) for quetiapine. Body weight increase ≥ 7% from baseline to 12‐week endpoint was 8% with paliperidone ER and 17% with quetiapine. A higher percentage of paliperidone ER (13.9%) versus quetiapine patients (7.5%) ‘switched to depression’ at the12‐week endpoint.Conclusions:  Paliperidone ER (3–12 mg/day) was efficacious and tolerable in the treatment of acute mania.
The trophic blockage hypothesis is not supported by the diets of fishes on Seine Seamount
Authors: Hirch Stefanie , Christiansen Bernd 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeveral hypotheses exist about the trophic mechanisms that support fish stocks at seamounts. This study investigated the diets of benthopelagic fish species on the summit plateau of Seine Seamount (NE Atlantic), testing the sound‐scattering layer interception hypothesis. A combined approach of gut content, stable isotopes and fatty‐acid biomarker analyses was employed. Fish species included zooplanktivores, benthivores, piscivores and species with mixed crustacean/cephalopod/fish diets. Trophic coupling between pelagic food sources and benthopelagic fish consumers was apparent based on three main lines of evidence: (i) dominance of pelagic prey in the guts of zooplanktivores, (ii) stable isotope enrichment of consumers indicative of a pelagic prey source, and (iii) high proportions of fatty acids that are typical of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the storage lipids of fishes and their similarity with fatty acid signatures of pelagic prey. Elevated levels of arachidonic acid in a benthivorous species suggested a minor dietary contribution of rhodophytes. The lack of larger taxa that undergo diel vertical migrations in the fish guts suggests that it is horizontal fluxes of non‐, or weakly migrating zooplankton that are the main food supply to the resident fish consumers. Overall, there was no unambiguous support for the trophic blockage hypothesis. Differences in gut contents, trophic position and storage lipid fatty acid signatures of zooplanktivorous fishes indicate some degree of resource partitioning with respect to feeding habitats, prey selection and ontogenetic diet shifts. Irrespective of body size and feeding mode, the benthopelagic fishes occupied intermediate trophic positions between the 3rd and 4th trophic level in a food web composed mainly of omnivorous species.
Assemblage structure, but not diversity or density, change with depth on a northeast Pacific seamount
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Lundsten Lonny , Barry James , DeVogelaere Andrew 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough depth‐related patterns in assemblage structure are documented in several deep‐sea systems, variation in diversity, assemblage structure, and abundance with depth on individual seamounts remains unexplored. Knowledge of alpha‐ and beta‐diversity on single seamounts is needed for any robust generalization about large‐scale biodiversity patterns on seamounts. Here, we explore bathymetric variation in benthic megafauna, based on ROV video transects, on Davidson seamount (1246–3656 m) in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We found that substantial change in assemblage structure can occur over vertical scales on an individual seamount. Changes of 50% in assemblage composition (beta‐diversity, faunal turnover) were observed over as little as a ∼1500 m depth interval down the flanks of the seamount, although bathymetric clines in composition were not uniform across major taxa. Diversity and density exhibit no consistent bathymetric pattern and can vary greatly on a single isobath. Our findings suggest that ecological and evolutionary processes may vary considerably on a single seamount. As such, seamounts should be viewed as patchworks of habitats where high beta‐diversity may ultimately increase total biodiversity.
Mounting evidence: near‐slope seamounts are faunally indistinct from an adjacent bank
Authors: Howell Kerry L. , Mowles Sophie L. , Foggo Andrew 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeamounts have been described as island habitats harbouring a unique fauna, and as biodiversity hotspots with high rates of endemism. However, recent research suggests that these generalisations are inappropriate and poorly supported, though appropriate on and off seamount comparative data are lacking. This study uses quantitative data derived from video analysis to compare epibenthic megafaunal community composition, diversity and potential species endemism on two seamounts and one bank in the Rockall Trough region of the NE Atlantic. Sample data were standardised for substratum type across all three features and as far as possible for depth and geomorphological variation. The results suggest that under similar environmental conditions, e.g. similar substratum, depth and geomorphology, there is little difference between the communities of the bank and seamounts in the Rockall Trough. Where differences are observed, the ‘guyot’ seamount is as different to the conical seamount as it is to the bank. The seamounts are no more or less diverse than the bank; endemism is low or non‐existent. The results are discussed in the context of the common generalisations made concerning seamount communities and the implications for conservation and management of the deep sea.
A test of the seamount oasis hypothesis: seamounts support higher epibenthic megafaunal biomass than adjacent slopes
Authors: Rowden Ashley A. , Schlacher Thomas A. , Williams Alan , Clark Malcolm R. , Stewart Robert , Althaus Franziska , Bowden David A. , Consalvey Mireille , Robinson Wayne , Dowdney Joanne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeamounts have often been viewed as specialized habitats that support unique communities; this notion has given rise to several hypotheses about how seamount ecosystems are structured. One, the ‘seamount oasis hypothesis’, predicts that invertebrates are more abundant, speciose and attain higher standing stocks on seamounts compared to other deep‐sea habitats. Because this hypothesis has remained untested for biomass, we ask two questions: (i) Do seamounts support a higher benthic biomass than nearby slopes at corresponding depths? (ii) If they do, which particular taxa and trophic groups drive observed difference in biomass? Analysis of more than 5000 sea‐floor images reveals that the mean biomass of epibenthic megafauna on 20 southwest Pacific seamounts was nearly four times greater than on the adjacent continental slope at comparable depths. This difference is largely attributable to the scleractinian coral Solenosmilia variabilis, whose mean biomass was 29 times higher on seamounts. In terms of trophic guilds, filter‐feeders and filter‐feeders/predators made up a significantly greater proportion of biomass on seamounts, whereas deposit feeders and those with mixed feeding modes dominated at slope habitats. Notwithstanding support for the seamount oasis hypothesis provided by this study, the hypothesis needs to be critically tested for seamounts in less productive regions, for seamounts with a greater proportion of soft substratum, and in other parts of the oceans where scleractinian corals are not prevalent. In this context, testing of seamount paradigms should be embedded in a broader ecological context that includes other margin habitats (e.g. canyons) and community metrics (e.g. diversity and body size).
Ophthalmic and facial veins are not valveless
Authors: Zhang John , Stringer Mark D 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground:  The ophthalmic and facial veins are frequently stated to be devoid of valves, facilitating the spread of infection from the mid‐face to the cavernous sinus.Methods:  Twelve superior and eight inferior ophthalmic veins together with 13 angular and facial veins were harvested from adult cadavers. Each vein was opened longitudinally and examined by stereomicroscopy; the number, location and geometry of valve cusps were recorded.Results:  Ten valves were identified in nine (75%) superior ophthalmic vein specimens: four valves were in the superior ophthalmic vein and the remainder were located near its origin from angular and supra‐orbital tributaries. No valves were seen in the inferior ophthalmic vein. Seventeen bicuspid valves were identified in tributaries of the angular vein or in the facial vein, but none were in the angular vein itself. Four of seven facial vein segments extending to the lower border of the mandible had valves. The orientation of valve cusps predicted the following blood flow: in the facial vein, inferiorly; in the superior ophthalmic vein, towards the cavernous sinus; and in the angular vein, to the facial or superior ophthalmic vein.Conclusions:  This study demonstrates, for the first time, the existence of valves in the superior ophthalmic vein and its two main tributaries. Valves were also seen in the facial vein. It is not the absence of venous valves but the existence of communications between the facial vein and cavernous sinus and the direction of blood flow that is important in the spread of infection from the face.
Establishing species' environmental requirements to understand how the southernmost species of South American pitvipers (Bothrops, Viperidae) are distributed: A niche‐based modelling approach
Authors: DI COLA VALERIA , CHIARAVIGLIO MARGARITA 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThreeBothropsspecies are known to be present along an extensive and generally xeric band of the south‐eastern portion of South America. Yet, the environmental factors responsible for the maintenance of the structure of this community have remained undetermined. To have a better understanding of snakes' geographic range limits in Argentina, we modelled the ecological niche ofBothrops alternatus,B. ammodytoidesandB. diporusto identify areas of their occurrence and sympatry. We used snakes presence records and pseudo‐absence data with topographic (altitude and slope), vegetation and 19 bioclimatic variables as predictors. These variables were evaluated for each species, using Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. The distribution ofB. alternatuswas correlated with temperature, precipitation and vegetation; that ofB. ammodytoideswith altitude, slope, precipitation, temperature and vegetation; and that ofB. diporusrelated only to precipitation and temperature variables. Five variables appeared in all three models (i.e. annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the driest month, mean diurnal temperature range and temperature range), although with different effects in different species. Probable sympatry areas were identified, forB. alternatus – B. ammodytoidesin a narrow area, forB. diporus – B. alternatusin a wide area andB. ammodytoides – B. diporusin a small area. While some factors constrain the distribution of the southernmost pitvipers community in South America to spatially non‐overlapping ranges, others facilitate sympatry by allowing spatial coexistence. We found high sympatry between phylogenetically distantly related pitvipers. Niche‐based Geographic Information Systems modelling allowed us to identify the environmental factors correlated with each pitviper range in Argentina and in its contact zones, and to understand species distributional limits.
Altitudinal distribution of native and alien plant species in roadside communities from central Argentina
Authors: PAIARO VALERIA , CABIDO MARCELO , PUCHETA EDUARDO 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRoadsides may homogenize the distribution of native species and act as corridors for the spread of alien taxa. We examined the variation in native and alien plant species richness and composition at two spatial scales defined by altitude and habitat type (edges and fill slopes), as well as the relationship between native and exotic species richness in roadside plant communities in mountains from central Argentina. Following a gradient from 1100 to 2200 m a.s.l. along a mountain road, plant species cover was recorded within sample plots of 30 m × 10 m systematically located at 100‐m altitude intervals on both roadside habitats. Although native species richness decreased with altitude and composition changed accordingly, the number of alien species peaked at both extremes of the elevation gradient and did not reflect an altitudinal replacement of chorological groups. The number of both native and alien species was higher in roadside edges, but a negative association between the richness of native and alien species occurred only on fill slopes, suggesting that roadside habitats differ in their susceptibility to plant species colonization and in the mechanisms driving native and alien species richness. Our results highlight the importance of altitude and roadside habitat as factors controlling plant species richness and composition along roadside communities in central Argentina. Although altitude acts as a filter for native plants, it apparently did not constrain the establishment of alien species along the studied roadsides, indicating that the influence of this road as a plant species corridor may increase with time, promoting the opportunities for aliens to expand their current distribution.
Individual growth rates do not predict aphid population densities under altered atmospheric conditions
Authors: Mondor Edward B. , Awmack Caroline S. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: May 2010

Altered atmospheric composition, associated with climate change, can modify herbivore population dynamics through CO2 and/or O3‐mediated changes in plant quality.
Although pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum genotypes exhibit intraspecific variation in population growth in response to atmospheric composition, the proximate mechanisms underlying this variation are largely unknown.
By rearing single (green, pink) and mixed (green + pink) pea aphid genotypes on red clover Trifolium pratense at the Aspen Free Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (Aspen FACE) site, we assessed whether: (i) elevated CO2 and/or O3 concentrations alter aphid growth and development and (ii) individual aphid growth rates predict aphid population densities.
We showed that growth and development of individual green and pink aphids were not influenced by CO2 and/or O3 concentrations when reared as individual or mixed genotypes. Individual growth rates, however, did not predict population densities.
Reared as a single genotype, green pea aphid populations decreased in response to elevated CO2 concentrations, but not in response to elevated CO2 + O3 concentrations. Pink pea aphid populations reared as a single genotype were unaffected by augmented CO2 or O3. Populations of mixed genotypes, however, were reduced under elevated CO2 concentrations, irrespective of O3 concentrations.
Herbivore population sizes may not readily be predicted from growth rates of individual organisms under atmospheric conditions associated with global climate change.