bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tragedy of the Crimean Tartars
Authors: Turkay Osman 
Published: September 2011

Cenghis Daĝci, with his nine best-sellers published by Varlik Yainevi, a leading Turkish publishing house, takes his place at the top of the list of successful Turkish novelists over the last twenty years. Two of his bulky works (1,019 pages) - Onlar da Insandi (‘They Too Were Human Beings’) and O Topraklar Bizimdi (‘Those Lands Belonged to Us’) - can be counted among the world's modern classics. Another two of his novels - Badem Dalina Asili Bebekler (‘Dolls Hanged on the Almond Tree’) and tlsiiyen Sokak (‘Cold Street’) - are said to be masterpieces of contemporary colloquial Turkish. Daĝci is a Crimean Turk who writes in Turkish and publishes his books in Istanbul. He seems to have set himself the task of recording the tragedies of the Crimean Tartars under the Communist regime in the early years of the Soviet state (1920-36) from a critical realist's point of view. The genuine love of a writer towards his people enabled Daĝci to bring about his remarkable achievement. His own life is a sequence of contradictions and tragedies. When the war broke out he was a young university graduate. During the German invasion of the USSR he fought against the Nazis as a Red Army officer, and later against the Russians as a member of the Free Turkestan Army after he had been taken prisoner by the Germans. When the Russians advanced deep into Poland Daĝci, who had in the meantime been wounded, fled with the help of a Polish nurse to Italy by way of Czechoslovakia. By then the war was over and Cenghis Dagci decided to make his home in England.
Challenging the silence
Authors: Fugard Athol 
Published: September 2011

The problems created by the policy of apartheid for the theatre in South Africa are discussed by the playwright, actor and producer Athol Fugard in this interview with Michael Coveney, Assistant Editor of Plays and Players (November 1973). Athol Fugard was in London to produce his play Sizwe Bansi Is Dead, which he had written in collaboration with the two actors taking part in it, John Kani and Winston Ntshona, and which has been very well received both at The Theatre Upstairs in London and on its tour of the provinces in November and December.
India: Two viewpoints
Authors: Ghosh Tushar Kanti , Irani C. R. 
Published: September 2011

Two leading Indian journalists, Mr Tushar Kanti Ghosh and Mr C. R. Irani, published their views on the restrictions of India's press freedom in the CPU Quarterly. Mr Ghosh is the Editor of Amrita Bazar Patrika and, at 77, still active in international newspaper affairs. A former chairman of the Press Trust of India and past president of the Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society and the All-India Newspaper Editors Conference, he was head of the Indian section of the CPU for almost 20 years. Mr Irani, managing director of The Statesman and, like Mr Ghosh, a former leading official of the Press Trust of India and the Indian and Eastern Newspaper Society, was one of the first top journalists to raise his voice against government moves to regulate and dominate the press. Below, we reprint the two articles in full.
Reading for Meaning: The Effects of Concurrent Articulation
Authors: Besner Derek , Davies Julia , Daniels Shona 
Published: September 2011

Six experiments are reported which examine the assertion that phonological recoding for the purpose of lexical access in visual word recognition is prevented or impaired by concurrent articulation (“articulatory suppression”). The first section of this paper selectively reviews the literature, and reports two experiments which fail to replicate previous work. The third experiment contrasts performance with visually presented words and with non-words. Latency measures show an effect of suppression that is specific to words, whilst error rates show an effect common to both words and non-words. The fourth experiment shows that if the task is changed from a judgement of rhyme (BLAME-FLAME) to one of homophony (AIL-ALE), the suppression effect seen in the latency data is eliminated, whilst error effects remain. It is suggested that, in addition to producing error effects that are not easily interpretable, suppression prevents or impairs a phonological segmentation process operating subsequent to the retrieval of whole word phonology (a process that is needed for rhyme judgement but not for one of homophony). Experiment V shows that while suppression has no effect on the time taken to decide if printed non-words sound like real words (e.g. PALLIS), error rates increase. Experiment VI shows that suppression has no effect on either RT or errors in the same task if subjects suppress at a slower rate than in Experiment V. It is suggested that there are at least two different phonological codes. Buffer storage and/or maintenance of phonologically coded information derived from print is affected by suppression; phonological recoding from print for the purpose of lexical access can be carried out without any interference from suppression.
Visual Dissociations of Movement, Position, and Stereo Depth: Some Phenomenal Phenomena
Authors: Gregory Richard L. , Heard Priscilla F. 
Published: September 2011

Helmholtz (1867) described as “irradiation” the apparently greater size of a white compared with a dark square, or disc or whatever of the same physical size. The illusory size difference is reversed at low contrasts (Weale, 1974). It is also known that rapid increases in brightness gives apparent movement (gamma movement), though there is no agreed explanation for either phenomenon. When narrow bordering stripes are added, further systematic phenomena occur. With intensity modulation of an edge-striped grey rectangle, which has a dark stripe on the left side and a light stripe on the right (which is similar to figures used by Stuart Anstis and Brian Rogers), the entire figure shifts, with reversed motion when the background luminance is modulated. By presenting a pair of such figures, mirror reversed one to each eye and fused stereoscopically, the question may be asked: Do these illusory shifts produce stereo depth? The answer is surprising: stereo is produced-but at the cross-over with luminance of the central grey rectangle with the background the depth change is opposite to that given by normal, non-illusory, opposed lateral shifts. We interpret this anomalous stereo depth as a switch of which edges of the stripes are fused, with the change of relative contrast of the edges of the dark and light stripes as the figure-background contrast is changed. Measures of static shift, lateral movement, and stereo depth, give somewhat different functions. These are considered in terms of different signalled positions, stereo depth, and movement. This study brings out the importance, for explaining such perceptual anomalies, of distinguishing between neural signal channel characteristics and which stimulus features from the display are selected and accepted for perception. Although conceptually clearly distinct these are all too easily confused in psycho-physical experiments.
Bilingual Biscriptal Deep Dyslexia
Authors: Byng Sally , Coltheart Max , Masterson Jacqueline , Prior Margot , Riddoch Jane 
Published: September 2011

Studies of deep dyslexia in Japanese patients, and of non-word reading by deep dyslexic readers of alphabetic scripts, suggest a general principle that reading that depends on the mapping of characters onto phonological segments (phonemes in the case of alphabetic scripts, syllables in the case of syllabaries) is impossible in deep dyslexia. We describe a case of deep dyslexia in a patient who premorbidly could read English and Nepalese. As the latter is written in the syllabic Devanagari script, this case may be used to explore the generality of this principle. It would be expected that reading Nepalese words written in the syllabic script would be more difficult than reading English words written in the Roman alphabet. In oral reading tasks this was the case, even though Nepalese was the patient's first language. However, further studies showed that he could understand Nepalese words written in the syllabic script at least as well as English words written in the Roman alphabet, and that he could read aloud Nepalese words written in the Devanagari script, provided he was allowed to respond in English. In addition, naming of pictures was much worse in Nepalese than in English. Therefore this patient's difficulties in reading Nepalese aloud were output difficulties, not difficulties in reading a syllabic script. We argue that the superiority of expressive speech in English over expressive speech in Nepalese arose because the patient had had intensive speech therapy in English and no speech therapy in Nepalese. We also conclude that his reading performance demonstrates that the reading of syllabic scripts is not necessarily abolished in deep dyslexia. The inability of Japanese deep dyslexics to read aloud or comprehend the syllabic script kana is thus not simply a function of this script being a syllabary. This inability therefore remains to be explained.
The Role of Script and Phonology in Lexical Representation
Authors: Brown Heather , Sharma N. K. , Kirsner Kim 
Published: September 2011

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of script in lexical representation in bilinguals. The particular issue under investigation concerned the role of a script difference when the translations concerned are in all other respects identical. Does it provide a basis for the operation of unique functional entries in the lexicon, or is it, like case, treated as a pre-lexical attribute? The experiments contrasted the physically unrelated scripts used to depict Hindi and Urdu, North Indian languages which share a substantial vocabulary and which, with minor qualifications, are phonemically identical. The experiments used repetition effects in lexical decision and memory for language of presentation procedures, respectively, to assess the representational status of items common to the Hindi and Urdu vocabularies. Experiment 1 demonstrated that transfer is virtually complete between Hindi and Urdu translations, suggesting that the role of script is akin to that of case, and quite unlike phonology in its impact on lexical definition. Experiment 2 showed that whereas memory for language of presentation is reliable in tests involving language pairs such as Hindi and English, performance on this task is poor when script alone provides the distinguishing feature. Considered together, the results of the experiments are consistent with the proposition that when translations differ only with regard to script, a common lexical unit is involved in visual recognition and attribute retention. By implication, therefore, a morphophonemic distinction is a pre-requisite for the presence and use of distinct units for translations. The representational character of this interpretation was supported by the fact that complementary evidence was obtained from tasks involving qualitatively different retrieval processes.
Phonological Dyslexia and Dysgraphia in a Highly Literate Subject: A Developmental Case with Associated Deficits of Phonemic Processing and Awareness
Authors: Campbell Ruth , Butterworth Brian 
Published: September 2011

This paper describes some aspects of reading and writing in a highly literate subject who has unusual difficulty in reading and spelling non-words. No cerebral trauma is indicated, and she performs at above average levels on standard tests of reading, spelling and cognitive ability. Only digit span is significantly impaired. Although auditory phoneme discrimination is normal, she performs poorly on aural tasks, like rhyme judgement and homophone matching, that require awareness of phonemic structure, and she is impaired at segmenting heard words into their component sounds. Tests of immediate memory confirm abnormal span and indicate a failure to use normal phonological coding in immediate recall. We argue that a deficit in phonological processing underlies impaired performance on tasks of reading, spelling and immediate memory.
Reading without Phonology?
Authors: Besner Derek , Dennis Ian , Davelaar Eileen 
Published: September 2011

Responses to items such as brane are slower and/or more error prone than responses to items such as slint in lexical decision (is this string spelt like a real word?). The received view is that this “pseudohomophone” effect is attributable to phonological receding. Taft (1982) has challenged this view, offering instead a grapheme-grapheme account which assumes that graphemes that map onto a common phoneme develop the ability to activate each other without reference to phonological mediation. Taft's grapheme-grapheme account is tested in two experiments. Experiment 1 shows that the presentation of a pseudohomophone facilitates the response to a subsequently presented word (e.g., groce–gross). Experiment 2 shows that nonword letter strings that are translatable into words by the application of putative grapheme-grapheme rules (e.g., gloce–gloss) produce no facilitation. These results are consistent with the notion of a phonological influence but inconsistent with the grapheme–grapheme account. Loci for this pseudohomophone priming effect are discussed.
Synthesis, structural and photocatalytic characteristics of nano-Cu2−x
Se
Authors: Ung Thi Dieu Thuy , Nguyen Quang Liem 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Large-scale synthesis of Cu
2−x

Se nanocrystals (nano-Cu
2−x

Se) with uniform size was performed via a facile hydrothermal method at room temperature and at 120 °C. Nano-Cu
2−x

Se with different structures could be synthesized by changing the reaction/growth time, the Cu:Se molar ratios, and the initial concentration of the precursors. The synthesized nano-Cu
2-x
Se was characterized using various techniques, including x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photocatalytic activity. Systematic studies showed that the reaction time played a key role in controlling the morphology and structure leading to significant influence on the photocatalytic activity of nano-Cu
2−x

Se. With increasing reaction/growth time, Cu
2−x

Se could transform gradually from a cubic to hexagonal structure and from nanoparticles to nanoplate/nanorod shapes. The photocatalytic characteristics were evaluated by the photo-decoloration of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. As-prepared nano-Cu
2−x

Se showed good photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, indicating potential applications in depollution technologies.
First Report of Leaf Disease on Cinnamomum subavenium Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae in China
Authors: Sun W. , Su Y. Y. , Cai L. , Sun W. , Sha W. 
Published: September 2011

Cinnamomum subavenium Miq. (Lauraceae) is a subtropical arbor plant widely distributed in southwest China. It has a long history of cultivation and has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, food flavors, and industrial materials. In August 2010, a serious leaf disease was observed on wild Cinnamomum subavenium growing in Gutianshan Nature Reserve, Zhejiang, China. Lesions were approximately 1.0 cm in diameter and the margin of the lesions was light to dark brown and the middle was gray to pale yellowish. Necrotic lesions were surface disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min and 70% ethanol for 3 min, and isolations were made from lesion edges onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Three plants were tested and a fungus was consistently isolated from lesions. Colonies of this fungus on PDA were at first gray becoming pinkish gray with age, with salmon pink conidial masses, and the reverse of the colony was pink. The growth rate was 10.82 to 11.95 mm per day (average = 11.58 ± 0.25, n = 6) on PDA at 25°C. Conidia were oblong or cylindrical with acute ends, occasionally guttulate, hyaline, 7.5 to 14.5 × 2.5 to 4.3 μm (average = 11.25 ± 0.5 × 3.4 ± 0.4, n = 30). These characteristics matched the description of Colletotrichum fioriniae (Marcelino & Gouli) R.G. Shivas & Y.P. Tan (2). DNA was extracted from one isolate and the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (1). The ITS sequence of the isolate (GenBank Accession No. JN208890) shared 100% identity to the holotype of C. fioriniae (Accession No. EF464594). The pathogenicity of C. fioriniae on Cinnamomum subavenium was confirmed through inoculation. Three freshly harvested, healthy leaves were washed under running tap water, immersed in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min and 70% ethanol for 1 min, rinsed three times in sterilized water, and finally dried with sterilized tissue paper. Plant leaves were inoculated with a concentration of 2.5 × 106 spores/ml. Sterilized water was used for controls. All the leaves inoculated with C. fioriniae were symptomatic with round to elliptical lesions with a brown margin 14 days postinoculation. The fungus, reisolated from symptomatic leaf tissue, had the same morphological and cultural characteristics of C. fioriniae. Although C. gloeosporioides has been reported from several species in the genus Cinnamomum ( http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ ), to our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf disease on Cinnamomum subavenium caused by a Colletotrichum species. References: (1) H. Prihastuti et al. Fungal Divers. 39:89, 2009. (2) R. G. Shivas and Y. P. Tan. Fungal Divers. 39:111, 2009.
Nurse‐led delivery of specialist supportive care for bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: CROWE M. , INDER M. , CARLYLE D. , WILSON L. , WHITEHEAD L. , PANCKHURST A. , O'BRIEN T. , FRAMPTON C. , JOYCE P. 
Published: September 2011

Accessible summary
Bipolar disorder is a severe and recurrent mental disorder that has a long‐term impact on the patient's ability to function.
Specialist supportive care is a manualized psychotherapy that provides support and psycho‐education for self‐management.
This study provided specialist supportive care as an addition to usual care from community mental health services.
It is not feasible to provide specialist supportive care to patients with bipolar disorder while they are in mood episode and receiving usual care.
AbstractThe aim of the study is (1) to assess the feasibility of delivering nurse‐led specialist supportive care as an adjunct to usual care in the clinical setting; (2) to examine the relationship between the delivery of specialist supportive care and improved self‐efficacy and functioning and reduced depressive symptoms. A randomized controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of specialist supportive care as an adjunct to usual care was conducted in community mental health services at one site. Participants were randomized to either usual care or usual care and the adjunctive intervention. Self‐report measures of depression, general functioning and self‐efficacy were completed by participants in both groups at baseline and 9 months. The intervention was delivered parallel to usual treatment arrangements. While recruitment numbers were sufficient, a low rate of engagement meant we were unable to show significant differences in depressive symptoms or self‐efficacy between the usual care group and the specialist supportive care plus usual care group. This study demonstrated that it was difficult to engage patients with bipolar disorder in specialist supportive care when they were currently in a mood episode and under the care of community mental health services.
Coat color dilution in mice because of inactivation of the melanoma antigen MART‐1
Authors: Aydin Iraz T. , Hummler Edith , Smit Nico P. M. , Beermann Friedrich 
Published: September 2011

SummaryMelanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART‐1) is a melanoma‐specific antigen, which has been thoroughly studied in the context of immunotherapy against malignant melanoma and which is found only in the pigment cell lineage. However, its exact function and involvement in pigmentation is not clearly understood. Melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 has been shown to interact with the melanosomal proteins Pmel17 and OA1. To understand the function of MART‐1 in pigmentation, we developed a new knockout mouse model. Mice deficient in MART‐1 are viable, but loss of MART‐1 leads to a coat color phenotype, with a reduction in total melanin content of the skin and hair. Lack of MART‐1 did not affect localization of melanocyte‐specific proteins nor maturation of Pmel17. Melanosomes of hair follicle melanocytes in MART‐1 knockout mice displayed morphological abnormalities, which were exclusive to stage III and IV melanosomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that MART‐1 is a pigmentation gene that is required for melanosome biogenesis and/or maintenance.
Quotient Kinematics
Machines: Concept, Analysis, and Synthesis
Authors: Wu Yuanqing , Wang Hong , Li Zexiang 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper presents a geometric analysis and synthesis theory for quotient kinematics machines (QKMs). Given a desired motion type described by a subgroup G of the special Euclidean group SE(3), QKM refers to a left-and-right hand system that realizes G through the coordinated motion of two mechanism modules, one synthesizing a subgroup H of G, and the other a complement of H in G, denoted by G/H. In the past, QKMs were often categorized into hybrid kinematics machines (HKMs) and were treated on a case-by-case basis. We show that QKMs do have a unique and well-defined kinematic structure that permits a unified and systematic treatment of their synthesis and design. We also study the properties of G/H as a novel motion type for parallel kinematics machine (PKM) synthesis. Another contribution of the paper is to model five-axis machines by SE(3)/R(o,z) (where R(o,z) represents the spindle symmetry) and give a complete classification of five-axis QKMs using the same geometric framework.
Four New Records of Caridean Shrimps (Decapoda: Palaemonidae, Alpheidae) in Mexican Pacific Waters
Authors: Martínez-Guerrero Betel , Hendrickx Michel E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
New records are provided for four species of caridean shrimp (Alpheidae and Palaemonidae) from Sonora, Sinaloa, and Oaxaca, along the west coast of Mexico. Alpheus tenuis Kim & Abele, 1988 extends its northern range to Puerto Peñasco, Sonora. Alpheus martini Kim & Abele, 1988 is recorded for the first time outside of Panama (Alcatraz Island, Sonora). Pontonia simplex Holthuis, 1951 is recorded from Teacapan, Sinaloa, in the pen shell Atrina maura (Sowerby, 1835), which constitutes a new host record; additionally, its live colour pattern is described. The range of Pontonia margarita Smith, 1869 is extended along the Mexican coast south to Oaxaca.
The Philosophy behind the Movement: Animal Studies versus Animal Rights
Authors: Aaltola Elisa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRecently, many pro-animal thinkers have expressed critical views on the animal rights movement. In particular, the movement has been criticized for being philosophically uninformed, politically regressive, and practically unpersuasive. This paper investigates these criticisms and seeks to map out the philosophy behind the grassroots animal rights movement, specifically. It concludes that the criticism presented by animal studies scholars is often misplaced due to a lack of understanding of the philosophical notions within the movement, but that the critics are right to argue that the movement needs to place more emphasis on persuasion.