bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peroneal nerve injury associated with sports-related knee injury
Authors: Cho Dosang , Saetia Kriangsak , Lee Sangkook , Kline David G. , Kim Daniel H. 
Published: November 2011

Object
This study analyzes 84 cases of peroneal nerve injuries associated with sports-related knee injuries and their surgical outcome and management.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of peroneal nerve injury associated with sports between the years 1970 and 2010. Each patient was evaluated for injury mechanism, preoperative neurological status, electrophysiological studies, lesion type, and operative technique (neurolysis and graft repair). Preoperative status of injury was evaluated by using a grading system published by the senior authors. All lesions in continuity had intraoperative nerve action potential recordings.

Results
Eighty-four (approximately 18%) of 448 cases of peroneal nerve injury were found to be sports related, which included skiing (42 cases), football (23 cases), soccer (8 cases), basketball (6 cases), ice hockey (2 cases), track (2 cases) and volleyball (1 case). Of these 84 cases, 48 were identified as not having fracture/dislocation and 36 cases were identified with fracture/dislocation for surgical interventions. Good functional outcomes from graft repair of graft length < 6 cm (70%) and neurolysis (85%) in low-intensity peroneal nerve injuries associated with sports were obtained. Recovery from graft repair of graft length between 6 and 12 cm (43%) was good and measured between Grades 3 and 4. However, recovery from graft repair of graft length between 13 and 24 cm was obtained in only 25% of patients.

Conclusions
Traumatic knee-level peroneal nerve injury due to sports is usually associated with stretch/contusion, which more often requires graft repair. Graft length is the factor to be considered for the prognosis of nerve repair.
Zur Freizeitnutzung von Schweizer Wäldern: ihre Bedeutung für die regionale Ökonomie
Authors: Vogt Luisa , Pütz Marco 
Published: November 2011

Recreational use of Swiss forests: their importance for the regional economy
Forests fulfill conservation, production and welfare functions. If forests are not considered isolatedly, but rather as part of a landscape or a region, their positive impact on regional welfare becomes apparent. The regional economic impact of the recreational use of Swiss forests is investigated in the case study regions of Sihlwald, a typical local recreation area, and Bergell, a destination for nature-based tourism. The relative importance of forests in the decision to visit the case study regions is identified by means of a conjoint analysis that assesses the forest affinity of visitors. Both the regional added value and the employment effects of the recreational use of forests are identified in an economic impact analysis. The results show that although they have a high affinity for forests, visitors to local recreation forests, such as the Sihlwald, spend little and generate rather small regional economic impacts. In contrast, the findings for nature-based tourism destinations, such as the Bergell, show a different picture: although the forest is not the most important criterion when selecting the destination, the regional economy benefits from higher consumer expenditures. The amount of visitor expenditure most notably depends on the variety and quality of tourism services in and around the forest area. Hence, to promote the regional economic importance of the recreational use of forests, tourism services in forest areas would have to be created or enhanced.
Warum Nachhaltigkeitsbeurteilungen Alternativen zu Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen erfordern
Authors: Hadorn Gertrude Hirsch , Allenspach Urs , Brun Georg 
Published: November 2011

Why alternatives to cost-benefit analysis in sustainability assessments are necessary
Policies for sustainable forest management aim at maintaining forest ecosystems for sustainable development. Sustainable development as a societal mission comprises a diversity of factors that are neither hierarchically ordered nor freely compensable. Policies must therefore be assessed by a multidimensional criterion. Cost-benefit analysis provides a clear recommendation for a rational choice of policy. However, from a sustainability perspective, cost-benefit analysis has disadvantages, due to its methodological basis. Monetization and aggregation of preferences leave the reasons for measured preferences intransparent; trade-offs can occur arbitrarily; and it is not registered, whether and how critical limits of life support systems are affected. Avoiding these problems calls for assessment methods without aggregation or synthesising across heterogeneous standards. Dynamic decision theory provides ideas on how rational decisions can be taken based on a plurality of standards. The crucial ideas are prevention, precommitment, and a memory of past decisions. These can already be found in practice.
Oral ulceration at primary care-A Review
Authors: Ahmed MU , Uddin MN 
Published: November 2011

Oral ulcers are common, with an estimated point prevalence of 4% in the world wide. Aphthous ulcers may affect as many as 25% of the population worldwide. Patients with an oral ulcer may present initially to a general practitioner or a dental practitioner. Most ulcers are benign and resolve spontaneously but a small proportion are malignant. The incidence and prevalence of oral cancer varies across the world. Some of the highest incidences are seen in the Indian subcontinent, southern France, and South America. Importantly, the incidence of oral cancer is rising in most populations, particularly in young women. In the United Kingdom, around 2500 cases of oral cavity cancers are seen every year. Prevalence of oral lesions in population screening and survey studies shows that Candida-related and red-and­white lesions affect 47%, denture-related 8.4%, tobacco 4.7%, oral caratotic 3.4%, carcinoma or severe dysplasia 0.2%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v1i2.8802 BDJPS 2010; 1(2): 23-29
A teenage girl with extensive form of Hidradenitis suppurativa of sternal, submammary region and both axilla
Authors: Kalam MA , Rahman SA , Ahmad F , Akhter SMQ 
Published: November 2011

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a rare non-contagious, chronic, relapsing suppurativa cicatrizing skin disease that most commonly affects areas of the body bearing apocrine sweat glands or sebaceous glands, such as the underarms, breasts, inner thighs, groin and buttocks, which manifests itself as a clusters of chronic abscesses, sinus, fistulas or multilocalised infections. This physically, psychologically, and socially disabling disease is extremely painful to touch and may persist for years with occasional to frequent periods of inflammation, culminating in drainage, often leaving open wounds that will not heal. As it is considered as a rare disease the incidence rate is not well known, but estimated in a range between 1:24(4.1%) and 1:600(0.2%) in which the post-pubertal females are more affected than males. The exact cause of hidradenitis suppurativa remains unclear. What is understood is that the condition is a disorder of follicular occlusion. With genetic predisposition, obesity, hormonal influences etc contribute to the causation of the disease .There is no cure for hidradenitis suppurativa. But early treatment can help to manage the symptoms and to prevent new lesions from developing. Long term antibiotics are the treatment of choice in early stage, but relapsing and recurrent cases may need surgical interventions. Here we present an 18 year old girl suffering from this disabling disease in both axillas, sternal and submammary region for six years. She was treated inadequately with oral antibiotics and surgical intervention in the form of incision and drainage done previously. We treated her with wide excision of the diseased skin and defect reconstructed with local advancement flap. Histopathological study of the excised skin revealed Hidradenitis suppurativa. Key word : Epidermis/surgery; vitiligo/therapy; transplantation alutologous DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v1i2.8803 BDJPS 2010; 1(2): 30-37
Effectiveness of Statins on Total Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: SHENG XIA , MURPHY MICHAEL J. , MacDONALD THOMAS M. , WEI LI 
Published: November 2011

Objective.There is increasing prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the effectiveness of statins on total cholesterol (TC), cardiovascular (CV) morbidity, and mortality in patients with OA or RA.Methods.A population-based cohort study was done using a record-linkage database in Tayside, Scotland. In total, 2024 OA or RA patients who had at least 2 separate TC measurements between 1993 and 2007 were studied. They were categorized into statin-exposed and statin-unexposed groups according to statin use status during followup. The main outcomes were TC concentration change from baseline, CV events, and all-cause mortality during the followup. Multivariate Cox regression models with a time-dependent variable for statins were employed to assess the risk of outcomes.Results.Statin-associated TC concentrations in OA decreased by 15% in patients without CV disease (primary prevention, n = 1269) and 7% in patients with CV disease (secondary prevention, n = 247) from baseline of 5.30 mmol/l and 4.54 mmol/l, respectively. Correspondingly, in RA TC was reduced by 16% (n = 430) and 15% (n = 78) with baselines of 5.54 mmol/l and 4.95 mmol/l. In primary prevention, statins were associated with reduced CV events and all-cause mortality in RA patients [adjusted HR 0.45 (95% CI 0.20–0.98) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.20–0.92), respectively] and all-cause mortality in OA patients [adjusted HR 0.43 (95% CI 0.25–0.72)]. Statins were not associated with reduced risk of CV events or all-cause mortality in the secondary prevention of RA or OA patients [adjusted HR 0.68 (95% CI 0.30–1.54) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.20–1.34) for OA patients, and HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.07–4.79) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.18–3.53) for RA patients].Conclusion.Statins reduced TC concentrations between 7% and 16% in patients with OA or RA. Statins were associated with reduced CV events and mortality in RA and mortality in OA in primary prevention.
Hand Joint Space Narrowing and Osteophytes Are Associated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging-defined Knee Cartilage Thickness and Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: HAUGEN IDA K. , COTOFANA SEBASTIAN , ENGLUND MARTIN , KVIEN TORE K. , DREHER DONATUS , NEVITT MICHAEL , LANE NANCY E. , ECKSTEIN FELIX ,   the Osteoarthritis Initiative Investigators
Published: November 2011

Objective.To evaluate whether features of radiographic hand osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined knee cartilage thickness, radiographic knee OA, and 1-year structural progression.Methods.A total of 765 participants in Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI; 455 women, mean age 62.5 yrs, SD 9.4) obtained hand radiographs (at baseline), knee radiographs (baseline and Year 1), and knee MRI (baseline and Year 1). Hand radiographs were scored for presence of osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN). Knee radiographs were scored according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. Cartilage thickness in the medial and lateral femorotibial compartments was measured quantitatively from coronal FLASHwe images. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between features of hand OA (total osteophyte and JSN scores) and knee cartilage thickness, 1-year knee cartilage thinning (above smallest detectable change), presence of knee OA (KL grade ≥ 3), and progression of knee OA (KL change ≥ 1) by linear and logistic regression. Both hand OA features were included in a multivariate model (if p ≤ 0.25) adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).Results.Hand JSN was associated with reduced knee cartilage thickness (ß = −0.02, 95% CI −0.03, −0.01) in the medial femorotibial compartment, while hand osteophytes were associated with the presence of radiographic knee OA (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.18; multivariate models) with both hand OA features as independent variables adjusted for age, sex, and BMI). Radiographic features of hand OA were not associated with 1-year cartilage thinning or radiographic knee OA progression.Conclusion.Our results support a systemic OA susceptibility and possibly different mechanisms for osteophyte formation and cartilage thinning.
Giant Gouty Tophi of the Hand and Wrist
Authors: Mittag Falk , Wuenschel Markus 
Published: November 2011

Gout is an inflammatory-rheumatic disease characterized by an elevated serum urate concentration and recurrent flares, including painful, hot, red, and swollen joints and surrounding tissue. Untreated gout often develops into a chronic disease with tophi and destruction of joint surfaces. Giant tophi are often resistant to medication and change in diet.
This article presents a case of a 44-year-old man with giant gouty tophi at his hand and wrist. The last acute gout flare in his left wrist was approximately 3 years prior. For 2 years he had refused adequate nutrition, such as a low-purine diet, and had refused to take any preventive medication. Blood urate level was elevated to 8.7 mg/dL (normal range, 3.4–7.0 mg/dL). In time, the tophi led to a massive limitation of motion and use of especially the left wrist and thumb. Under the condition that the patient changed his diet and took the medication for his underlying disease, we surgically removed the almost skin-perforating tophi. Surgical debulking significantly improved joint function and cosmetic appearance.
The best treatment for gouty tophi is prevention by ensuring adequate nutrition, treating the underlying causes, and taking effective medication. In the case of massive limitation of joint motion, skin breakdown with risk of infection, and compression of neurovascular structures, surgical debulking of the tophi should be considered.
The Role for Decorin in Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
Authors: Seidler Daniela G. , Mohamed Negia A. , Bocian Carla , Stadtmann Anika , Hermann Sven , Schäfers Klaus , Schäfers Michael , Iozzo Renato V. , Zarbock Alexander , Götte Martin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDecorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, regulates extracellular matrix organization, growth factor-mediated signaling, and cell growth. Because decorin may directly modulate immune responses, we investigated its role in a mouse model of contact allergy (oxazolone-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH]) in decorin-deficient (Dcn−/−) and wild-type mice. Dcn−/− mice showed a reduced ear swelling 24 h after oxazolone treatment with a concurrent attenuation of leukocyte infiltration. These findings were corroborated by reduced glucose metabolism, as determined by 18fluordeoxyglucose uptake in positron emission tomography scans. Unexpectedly, polymorphonuclear leukocyte numbers in Dcn−/− blood vessels were significantly increased and accompanied by large numbers of flattened leukocytes adherent to the endothelium. Intravital microscopy and flow chamber and static adhesion assays confirmed increased adhesion and reduced transmigration of Dcn−/− leukocytes. Circulating blood neutrophil numbers were significantly increased in Dcn−/− mice 24 h after DTH elicitation, but they were only moderately increased in wild-type mice. Expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α was reduced, whereas syndecan-1 and ICAM-1 were overexpressed in inflamed ears of Dcn−/− mice, indicating that these adhesion molecules could be responsible for increased leukocyte adhesion. Decorin treatment of endothelial cells increased tyrosine phosphorylation and reduced syndecan-1 expression. Notably, absence of syndecan-1 in a genetic background lacking decorin rescued the attenuated DTH phenotype of Dcn−/− mice. Collectively, these results implicated a role for decorin in mediating DTH responses by influencing polymorphonuclear leukocyte attachment to the endothelium. This occurs via two nonmutually exclusive mechanisms that involve a direct antiadhesive effect on polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a negative regulation of ICAM-1 and syndecan-1 expression.
Lung CD103+ Dendritic Cells Efficiently Transport Influenza Virus to the Lymph Node and Load Viral Antigen onto MHC Class I for Presentation to CD8 T Cells
Authors: Ho Adrian W. S. , Prabhu Nayana , Betts Richard John , Ge Moyar Qing , Dai Xilei , Hutchinson Paul Edward , Lew Fei Chuin , Wong Kok Loon , Hanson Brendon John , Macary Paul A. , Kemeny David Michael 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The uptake, transport, and presentation of Ags by lung dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the initiation of CD8 T cell responses against respiratory viruses. Although several studies have demonstrated a critical role of CD11blow/negCD103+ DCs for the initiation of cytotoxic T cell responses against the influenza virus, the underlying mechanisms for its potent ability to prime CD8 T cells remain poorly understood. Using a novel approach of fluorescent lipophilic dye-labeled influenza virus, we demonstrate that CD11blow/negCD103+ DCs are the dominant lung DC population transporting influenza virus to the posterior mediastinal lymph node as early as 20 h postinfection. By contrast, CD11bhighCD103neg DCs, although more efficient for taking up the virus within the lung, migrate poorly to the lymph node and remain in the lung to produce proinflammatory cytokines instead. CD11blow/negCD103+ DCs efficiently load viral peptide onto MHC class I complexes and therefore uniquely possess the capacity to potently induce proliferation of naive CD8 T cells. In addition, the peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2 are constitutively expressed at higher levels in CD11blow/negCD103+ DCs, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence of a distinct regulation of the Ag-processing pathway in these cells. Collectively, these results show that CD11blow/negCD103+ DCs are functionally specialized for the transport of Ag from the lung to the lymph node and also for efficient processing and presentation of viral Ags to CD8 T cells.
Cross-Talk Between TCR and CCR7 Signaling Sets a Temporal Threshold for Enhanced T Lymphocyte Migration
Authors: Schaeuble Karin , Hauser Mark A. , Singer Eva , Groettrup Marcus , Legler Daniel F. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Lymphocyte homing to, and motility within, lymph nodes is regulated by the chemokine receptor CCR7 and its two ligands CCL19 and CCL21. There, lymphocytes are exposed to a number of extracellular stimuli that influence cellular functions and determine the cell fate. In this study, we assessed the effect of TCR engagement on CCR7-mediated cell migration. We found that long-term TCR triggering of freshly isolated human T cells through CD3/CD28 attenuated CCR7-driven chemotaxis, whereas short-term activation significantly enhanced CCR7-mediated, but not CXCR4-mediated, migration efficiency. Short-term activation most prominently enhanced the migratory response of naive T cells of both CD4 and CD8 subsets. We identified distinct roles for Src family kinases in modulating CCR7-mediated T cell migration. We provide evidence that Fyn, together with Ca2+-independent protein kinase C isoforms, kept the migratory response of naive T cells toward CCL21 at a low level. In nonactivated T cells, CCR7 triggering induced a Fyn-dependent phosphorylation of the inhibitory Tyr505 of Lck. Inhibiting Fyn in these nonactivated T cells prevented the negative regulation of Lck and facilitated high CCR7-driven T cell chemotaxis. Moreover, we found that the enhanced migration of short-term activated T cells was accompanied by a synergistic, Src-dependent activation of the adaptor molecule linker for activation of T cells. Collectively, we characterize a cross-talk between the TCR and CCR7 and provide mechanistic evidence that the activation status of T cells controls lymphocyte motility and sets a threshold for their migratory response.
Quantifying Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells during a Viral Infection: CD4 T Cell Responses Are Larger Than We Think
Authors: McDermott Daniel S. , Varga Steven M. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The number of virus-specific CD8 T cells increases substantially during an acute infection. Up to 90% of CD8 T cells are virus specific following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. In contrast, studies identifying virus-specific CD4 T cell epitopes have indicated that CD4 T cells often recognize a broader array of Ags than CD8 T cells, consequently making it difficult to accurately quantify the total magnitude of pathogen-specific CD4 T cell responses. In this study, we show that CD4 T cells become CD11ahiCD49d+ after LCMV infection and retain this expression pattern into memory. During the effector phase, all the LCMV-specific IFN-γ+ CD4 T cells display a CD11ahiCD49d+ cell surface expression phenotype. In addition, only memory CD11ahiCD49d+ CD4 T cells make IFN-γ after stimulation. Furthermore, upon secondary LCMV challenge, only CD11ahiCD49d+ memory CD4 T cells from LCMV-immune mice undergo proliferative expansion, demonstrating that CD11ahiCD49d+ CD4 T cells are truly Ag specific. Using the combination of CD11a and CD49d, we demonstrate that up to 50% of the CD4 T cells are virus specific during the peak of the LCMV response. Our results indicate that the magnitude of the virus-specific CD4 T cell response is much greater than previously recognized.
Using a Structural Equation Model to Describe the Infusion of Civic Engagement in the Campus Culture
Authors: Billings Meredith S. , Terkla Dawn Geronimo 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study assesses whether Tufts University's campus culture was successful at infusing civic-mindedness in all undergraduates. A structural equation model was developed, and findings revealed that the campus environment had a significant positive impact on civic values and beliefs and a positive indirect effect on civic engagement activities.