bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of lipid emulsions on antioxidant capacity in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition
Authors: Köksal Nilgün , Kavurt Ahmet V. , Çetinkaya Merih , Ozarda Yesim , Özkan Hilal 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  Although a variety of different lipid emulsions with varying fatty acid contents have been developed, there are some concerns about the administration of these lipid emulsions because of potential adverse effects, including oxidative stress‐related morbidity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the standard soybean oil‐based and olive oil‐based i.v. lipid emulsions (ILE) on oxidative stress, determined by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and to investigate the safety of the use of these two emulsions in terms of biochemical indices.Methods:  In this prospective study, premature infants were randomly assigned to two groups, each group consisting of 32 patients who received parenteral ILE of either 20% olive oil or 20% soybean oil. They were given ILE for 7 days and then were evaluated with regard to TAC.Results:  No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of routine biochemical parameters. TAC for both groups on day 7 was significantly lower compared with that on day 0. Although the decrease in TAC within 7 days of ILE administration was greater in the soybean group compared with that in the olive oil group, it was not statistically significant.Conclusions:  Olive oil‐based ILE exhibit similar antioxidant activity and can be used as an alternative to soybean oil‐based ILE. TAC significantly decreased in infants following administration of either lipid emulsion, and premature infants tolerated either ILE well, both biochemically and clinically.
Social normative beliefs regarding cigarette smoking in Hungarian adolescents
Authors: Page Randy M. , Piko Bettina F. , Balazs Mate A. , Struk Tamara 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  Hungary will continue to experience a high burden of disease and death from lung cancer and other tobacco‐induced disease unless there is a significant reduction in youth smoking. Social factors have been found to be among the most important determinants of adolescent smoking, yet few studies have investigated social normative beliefs in Hungarian youth. The purpose of the current study was to investigate three measures of smoking normative beliefs thought to influence adolescent smoking: perceived prevalence of smoking; perceived popularity of smoking among successful/elite elements of society; and perceived disapproval by friends and family.Methods:  A cross‐sectional school‐based survey of eighth grade (n = 258) and 12th grade (n = 288) students in Mako, Hungary was conducted to assess social normative beliefs about smoking, current smoking, ever smoking, and susceptibility to smoking. The association of the normative beliefs with the smoking behavior variables was examined through logistic regression analysis, and the underlying factor structure of the normative belief items in the current sample was determined through factor analysis.Results:  The percent of boys reporting current smoking was 40.5% in 12th grade and 27.0% in eighth grade. Among girls, the percent was 44.0% of 12th graders and 29.1% of eighth graders. Parent/peer disapproval was the most consistently associated normative belief with smoking behavior and susceptibility to smoking across both samples.Conclusions:  Youth smoking prevention programs should consider assessing and taking into account normative beliefs and develop strategies that provide accurate information about the actual prevalence of smoking, the types of individuals who smoke, and approval/disapproval of smoking by parents and peers.
Association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene polymorphisms: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Long Jun , Zhang Shaofang , Fang Xiaoyan , Luo Yuyuan , Liu Jiebo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  Recent reports have suggested that genetic factors, including mutations in the coding region or promoter of uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) may increase the risk of development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, but the relationship has not been evaluated on systematic review or meta‐analysis.Methods:  A meta‐analysis of observational studies reporting effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was conducted on the association between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Results:  A total of 27 eligible studies were identified. In total, 17 studies focused on the association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with UGT1A1 Gly71Arg polymorphisms, which indicated that these polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (A/A+G/A vs G/G: odds ratio [OR], 2.70; P= 0.00; 95%CI: 2.22–3.29; I2= 0.0%; Pheterogeneity= 0.55). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity validated this correlation in Asian, but not in Caucasian, populations (OR, 1.74; P= 0.10; 95%CI: 0.90–3.35; I2= 0.00%; Pheterogeneity= 0.67). Furthermore, 18 studies focused on the association of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with UGT1A1 TATA promoter polymorphisms. These studies concluded that TATA promoter variants were not associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (7/7 + 6/7 vs 6/6: OR, 1.13; P= 0.23; 95%CI: 0.93–1.37; I2= 80.0%; Pheterogeneity= 0.00).Conclusion:  UGT1A1 Gly71Arg polymorphisms are a risk factor for developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Asian, but not Caucasian, subjects. UGT1A1 TATA promoter polymorphisms were not associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Asian subjects, but results from the Caucasian population were conflicting and require further epidemiological investigation.
Survey of Japanese pediatricians on vaccination of children with neurological disorders
Authors: Tanabe Takuya , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Arai Hiroshi , Imaishi Hidenori , Uno Risa , Tanaka Junko , Nagai Toshisaburou , Nishida Masaru , Awaya Yutaka , Maekawa Kihei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  Primary care physicians in Japan are often unwilling to vaccinate children with neurological disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine the state of vaccination in children who are severely handicapped and/or have convulsive disorders, in order to increase the vaccination rate in this patient population.Methods:  Six hundred and eighty pediatricians belonging to Osaka Shonika Ikai were asked to answer a questionnaire, and 359 doctors responded.Results:  Two hundred and thirty‐four doctors consulted for febrile seizures (Fs), 190 for epilepsy and 145 for conditions affecting severely handicapped children, responded that they refused to vaccinate. The reasons for reluctance to vaccinate these children were short interval since the last seizure, including febrile (226 doctors) and epileptic (121 doctors) seizures. It was especially likely that a child with a past history of status epilepticus would be refused vaccination. Primary care doctors are very cautious about the indications for vaccination, especially the inoculation of live vaccines, because they often induce post‐vaccination fever‐associated convulsions. Intractable daily epileptic seizures was the most common reason for refusal to vaccinate severely handicapped children. Examples of inadequate decision‐making as regards the indications for vaccination were: “need more than 6 months observation since last seizure whether Fs or epileptic”, “need EEG examination for Fs”, “contraindication because of low bodyweight and/or chronic wheezing in severely handicapped children”.Conclusions:  There is a need to provide correct information about the adverse effects of vaccination and for greater cooperation between primary care doctors and pediatric neurologists.
Length of site‐specific positive surgical margins as a risk factor for biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hsu Mark , Chang Steven L , Ferrari Michelle , Nolley Rosalie , Presti Jr Joseph C , Brooks James D 
Published: February 2011

Objectives:  Positive surgical margins (PSM) have been associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy, but the significance of PSM length and location are debated. We assessed the impact of PSM lengths at specific locations for BCR in an open radical prostatectomy series.Methods:  Detailed clinical and pathological data were collected from 117 post‐prostatectomy patients with PSM from 1984 to 2004 at our institution. PSM locations were classified as apex, mid‐gland, base, bladder neck, and anterior fibromuscular region with lengths measured at each site. Aggregate PSM length was obtained by summing lengths of all PSM areas in contact with the inked surface. BCR was defined as serum prostate specific antigen level 0.2 ng/mL or greater. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses of PSM lengths were conducted either as a continuous or categorical variable relative to location as a predictor of BCR.Results:  Multivariate analyses demonstrated that as a continuous variable, PSM length at the anterior fibromuscular region (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17; P = 0.027) and bladder neck (HR = 1.29; P = 0.046) were significant predictors for BCR. As a categorical variable, PSM length ≥ 2 mm at the anterior fibromuscular area was significant for BCR (HR = 3.02; P = 0.036). Increasing Gleason grade and positive lymph node status were also found to be significant independent predictors for BCR.Conclusion:  PSM length at the anterior fibromuscular region (continuous and categorical) and the bladder neck (continuous) was significantly associated with BCR. Site‐specific PSM length, along with Gleason grade and lymph node status, can be predictive of BCR and assist in risk stratification of patients with PSM following radical prostatectomy.
Impact of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy on health‐related quality of life in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Choi Eun Yong , Jeong Jeongyun , Kang Dong Il , Johnson Kelly , Ercolani Matt , Jang Thomas , Lee Dong Hyeon , Kim Wun‐Jae , Kim Isaac Yi 
Published: February 2011

Objective:  Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a common complaint in patients with prostate cancer. We attempted to elucidate the effect of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on patients having different preoperative LUTS severity through analysis of postoperative health‐related quality of life.Methods:  From 1/2006 to 9/2009, over 500 patients underwent RARP at our institution. Preoperative American Urologic Association Symptom Score (AUA‐SS), preoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and postoperative Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite were available in 183 of them. These patients were divided into three subgroups based on their AUA‐SS as follows: mild AUA‐SS (score 0–7) group, moderate AUA‐SS (8–19) group, and severe AUA‐SS (20–35) group.Results:  Of the 183 men, 94 (51.4%), 70 (38.2%), and 19 (10.4%) were in the mild, moderate, and severe group, respectively. In the comparison of Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite domain subscales with mean score, only urinary domain had significant differences among subgroups. Patients with high preoperative LUTS persistently showed a statistical trend for decreased urinary function (P = 0.056) and suffered more from urinary bother postoperatively (P < 0.01). In the analysis of urinary bother items, all items except “bleeding with urination” showed statistically significant differences among the subgroups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Even after RARP, patients with severe preoperative LUTS continue to have significant symptoms postoperatively. In analyzing urinary bother items, all LUTS items, including dysuria, storage symptoms, and postmicturition or voiding symptoms, were higher in patients with high preoperative AUA‐SS.
Sequencing PDX1 (insulin promoter factor 1) in 1788 UK individuals found 5% had a low frequency coding variant, but these variants are not associated with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Edghill E. L. , Khamis A. , Weedon M. N. , Walker M. , Hitman G. A. , McCarthy M. I. , Owen K. R. , Ellard S. , T Hattersley A. , Frayling T. M. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 681–684 (2011)AbstractAim  Genome‐wide association studies have identified > 30 common variants associated with Type 2 diabetes (> 5% minor allele frequency). These variants have small effects on individual risk and do not account for a large proportion of the heritable component of the disease. Monogenic forms of diabetes are caused by mutations that occur in < 1:2000 individuals and follow strict patterns of inheritance. In contrast, the role of low frequency genetic variants (minor allele frequency 0.1–5%) in Type 2 diabetes is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the role of low frequency PDX1 (also called IPF1) variants in Type 2 diabetes.Methods  We sequenced the coding and flanking intronic regions of PDX1 in 910 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 878 control subjects.Results  We identified a total of 26 variants that occurred in 5.3% of individuals, 14 of which occurred once. Only D76N occurred in > 1%. We found no difference in carrier frequency between patients (5.7%) and control subjects (5.0%) (P = 0.46). There were also no differences between patients and control subjects when analyses were limited to subsets of variants. The strongest subset were those variants in the DNA binding domain where all five variants identified were only found in patients (P = 0.06).Conclusion  Approximately 5% of UK individuals carry a PDX1 variant, but there is no evidence that these variants, either individually or cumulatively, predispose to Type 2 diabetes. Further studies will need to consider strategies to assess the role of multiple variants that occur in < 1 in 1000 individuals.
Lower cardiorespiratory fitness in children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Williams B. K. , Guelfi K. J. , Jones T. W. , Davis E. A. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1005–1007 (2011)AbstractAims  The present study aimed to compare cardiorespiratory fitness levels in children with and without Type 1 diabetes. In addition, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and a range of physical and clinical factors was investigated.Methods  Eighty‐eight children with Type 1 diabetes aged 5–14 years completed a submaximal step test of cardiorespiratory fitness. Sixty‐two of these children were successfully matched to control subjects without diabetes based on age, sex and anthropometrics for comparison. In addition, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and a range of physical and clinical variables was assessed in the children with diabetes.Results  The heart rate response to exercise was higher in children with Type 1 diabetes, indicating reduced cardiorespiratory fitness levels compared with control subjects. Both gender and glycaemic control (HbA1c) were significantly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, with female sex and poorer glycaemic control associated with reduced fitness.Conclusions  Future research should investigate whether the reduced fitness in children with Type 1 diabetes is attributable to lower physical activity levels, or physiological changes resulting from the diabetes pathology itself.
Agreement and reasons for disagreement between photographic and hospital biomicroscopy grading of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sallam A. , Scanlon P. H. , Stratton I. M. , Jones V. , Martin C. N. , Brelen M. , Johnston R. L. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 741–746 (2011)AbstractAims  To compare agreement level and identify reasons for disagreement between grading of mydriatic digital photographs in a diabetic retinopathy screening service and hospital eye service biomicroscopy grading.Methods  Structured examination findings leading to automatically calculated National Screening Committee grades recorded on an electronic medical record system in the hospital eye service at the first clinic visit after diabetic retinopathy screening service referral between April 2006 and November 2007 were retrospectively compared with the grade at the screening visit that prompted referral. In cases of disagreement, screening images were reviewed.Results  Data on 452 eyes (226 patients) were analysed. For retinopathy, hospital eye service slit‐lamp biomicroscopy grades were: R0 (no diabetic retinopathy) in 63 eyes; R1 (background retinopathy) in 251eyes; R2 (pre‐proliferative) in 129 eyes and R3 (proliferative) in nine eyes. Diabetic retinopathy screening service grades were in agreement in 350 eyes (77.4%), showed a lower grade in 59 eyes and a higher grade in 43. Agreement was moderate (κ = 0.60). The most common reason for disagreement was overgrading of R1 by clinicians. Hospital eye service biomicroscopy maculopathy grades were: M0 (no maculopathy) in 366 eyes and M1 (maculopathy) in 86 eyes. Diabetic retinopathy screening service grades were in agreement in 327 eyes (72.3%), showed a lower grading in five eyes and a higher grade in 120 eyes. Agreement was moderate (κ = 0.41). The commonest cause for disagreement was clinicians failing to identify fine macular exudates.Conclusions  This study of routine clinical services demonstrates moderate agreement between non‐medical grading of mydriatic digital retinal photography images and hospital slit‐lamp biomicroscopy grading of patients referred with diabetic retinopathy. The majority of errors in grading were attributable to errors by hospital doctors, usually in the direction of under‐grading which could be a potential source of clinical risk if treatment is delayed.
Education for Democracy: reasons and strategies
Authors: Edelstein Wolfgang 
Published: February 2011

According to social scientists Herfried Münkler in Germany and Colin Crouch in England, major developments in Western industrial societies — individualism, increasing social complexity, globalisation — present serious threats to basic requirements of stable societies and expose democracy to the corrosion of its socio‐moral resources such as social trust and civic commitment to the public good. In order to grow and to flourish, the competences and capabilities that constitute these resources require systematic cultivation through educational processes.The school is the only institution that can provide the appropriate experience of a democratic life to all members of society. At present, however, schools are generally far from this goal.This article describes strategies for providing the experience of schools as democratic lifeworlds from an early age: classroom councils as tools for democratic self government and sites for sociomoral learning; projects of service learning in the community which can be successfully organized by these councils; and early experiences of civic engagement in community contexts as part of democratic classroom practice.
BRUTE FACTS, THE NECESSITY OF IDENTITY, AND THE IDENTITY OF INDISCERNIBLES
Authors: CROSS CHARLES B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn ‘Two Spheres, Twenty Spheres, and the Identity of Indiscernibles,’ Della Rocca argues that any counterexample to the PII would involve ‘a brute fact of non‐identity [. . .] not grounded in any qualitative difference.’ I respond that Adams's so‐called Continuity Argument against the PII does not postulate qualitatively inexplicable brute facts of identity or non‐identity if understood in the context of Kripkean modality. One upshot is that if the PII is understood to quantify over modal as well as non‐modal properties, the qualitative explicability of numerical distinctness requires not the PII but a principle of the identity of necessary indiscernibles.
Associations of objectively measured physical activity with daily mood ratings and psychophysiological stress responses in women
Authors: Poole Lydia , Steptoe Andrew , Wawrzyniak Andrew J. , Bostock Sophie , Mitchell Ellen S. , Hamer Mark 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine associations of objectively measured physical activity with daily mood ratings and psychophysiological stress responses. We recruited 40 healthy females (aged 28.7 ± 6.1 yrs) who completed a once‐a‐day mood rating scale for 7 days, along with a 7‐day assessment of physical activity using accelerometers and psychophysiological stress testing. The findings suggest that levels of physical activity as measured using an accelerometer are associated with both depressive symptoms over the past 2 weeks (CES‐D) (r=−.33, p=.038) and with daily positive emotional style (r=.49, p=.001). The relationship between physical activity and positive emotional style remained after controlling for age, body mass index, and negative emotional style (t=3.31, p=.002). Physical activity was not related to any psychophysiological stress responses.
Mediators of the relationship between socioeconomic status and allostatic load in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study (CHASRS)
Authors: Hawkley Louise C. , Lavelle Leah A. , Berntson Gary G. , Cacioppo John T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLow socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher levels of allostatic load (AL). Posited mechanisms for this association include stress, personality, psychosocial variables, coping, social networks, and health behaviors. This study examines whether these variables explain the SES‐AL relationship in a population‐based sample of 208 51‐ to 69‐year‐old White, Black, and Hispanic adults in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. AL was based on nine markers of physiological dysregulation. SES was inversely associated with a composite measure of AL; hostility and poor sleep quality helped to explain the association between AL and SES. Factor analyses revealed four AL components corresponding to the bodily systems of interest. SES was significantly associated with two AL components, suggesting that the effects of SES on physiological dysregulation are specific to certain systems in a middle to early old‐age population.
An ERP study of cognitive architecture and the insertion of mental processes: Donders revisited
Authors: Vidal Franck , Burle Boris , Grapperon Jacques , Hasbroucq Thierry 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn his seminal paper, Donders proposed that Choice reaction time (RT) tasks differ from Go/No‐go RT tasks only by the insertion of a response decision operation. We evaluated this possibility by comparing the time course of Laplacian‐transformed ERPs, recorded over the primary (M1s) and supplementary motor areas (SMAs) in a Choice and in a Go/No‐go task. Laplacian‐transformed ERPs showed that a component that develops over the SMAs during the RT of Choice tasks vanishes in our Go/No‐go task. This indicates that a process, absent in the Go/No‐go task, was “inserted” in the Choice task. The Choice versus Go/No‐go manipulation also modified the motor command: the activity recorded over M1s and the delay separating EMG onset from response completion depended on the nature of the task. This indicates that, although a process was inserted in the Choice task, it was not “purely” inserted, contrary to Donders' initial assumption.
State of the art in non‐invasive imaging of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Smith Louise , MacNeil Sheila 
Published: February 2011

Background: This review focuses on looking at recent developments in the non‐invasive imaging of skin, in particular at how such imaging may be used at present or in the future to detect cutaneous melanoma.Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed for papers using imaging techniques to evaluate cutaneous melanoma, including melanoma metastasis.Results: Nine different techniques were found: dermoscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (including multiphoton microscopy), optical coherence tomography, high frequency ultrasound, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and Fourier, Raman, and photoacoustic spectroscopies. This review contrasts the effectiveness of these techniques when seeking to image melanomas in skin.Conclusions: Despite the variety of techniques available for detecting melanoma, there remains a critical need for a high‐resolution technique to answer the question of whether tumours have invaded through the basement membrane.