bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geometric characteristics, genesis and petroleum significance of inversion structures
Authors: Cooper Mark , Warren Marian J. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Inversion structures are now recognized in most orogenic belts and in many other tectonic settings, however, this has not always been the case. For many years the thin-skinned paradigm dominated the interpretation of thrust belts which resulted in many inversion structures being erroneously interpreted as thin-skinned thrusts. In rift basins, intra-cratonic basins and on passive margins inversion structures were often interpreted as having alternative origins, for example, strike-slip deformation. The classic paper of Bally described the geometric characteristics of inversion structures, in which he identified the extensional fault geometry and its subsequent compressional reactivation as essential requirements of an inversion structure. The increased recognition of inversion structures in a wide variety of tectonic settings is illustrated by four hydrocarbon exploration case studies. The geometric characteristics of inversion structures are remarkably consistent irrespective of the tectonic setting and by applying a few simple criteria they can easily be identified. The impact of inversion on hydrocarbon prospectivity is a function of the control on the petroleum system elements from the initial extensional tectonic history and of the later compressional tectonic history which commonly creates new, or modifies old trap configurations.
The fractionation of phosphorus in some modern and late-Holocene calcareous tufas in North Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Pentecost Allan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Phosphorus fractionation studies were undertaken on seven UK tufas: three modern, and four old. The phosphorus in the carbonate fraction of the tufa averaged 19% of the total phosphorus in the modern material, and from 48–64% in the 4000 year-old deposits and the increase attributed to the mineralization of the contained organic matter. Two further phosphorus fractions contained significant amounts of P. The dithionite fraction ranged from 10–27% of the total, and most of this fraction was probably associated with detrital iron minerals. The alkali-soluble fraction which removed most of the organically-bound P was highest in the modern bryophyte tufas.
Total P levels in the tufas ranged from 33–119 ppm. These are low values for stream sediments. Phosphorus uptake rates into tufa were estimated for these sites. They were less than 5% of the incoming P and deemed to have a negligible effect on the aquatic biota.
In vitro
investigations of the impact of different temperature and flow velocity conditions on tufa microfabric
Authors: Pedley H. Martyn , Rogerson Mike 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A series of experiments on freshwater carbonates (tufas) involving biofilm colonization in both fast-flow and slow-flow mesocosms was carried out in order to assess the changing nature of biofilm and associated precipitates under contrasting conditions. A thin biofilm developed over 14 weeks during the ‘summer’ experimental run contained a basal calcite layer overlain by small calcite crystals suspended within the Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS). The ‘autumn’ biofilm, however, showed the development of multi-laminated calcite precipitates within the EPS despite constant environmental conditions throughout the run. The experiments also showed that the largest volume of calcite precipitate developed in the fast-flow flumes regardless of temperature control. Development of an extensive calcite layer at the base of EPS in conditions of complete darkness within the sump was also observed. This study provides increased weight for the concepts: (1) that fresh- and saltwater stromatolites appear to be highly comparable multi-laminated systems with precipitation strongly influenced by both phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes; and (2) that microbial precipitation may be more common within aphotic (including cave, lake bottom and soil) systems than has previously been considered.
Association of Genetic Risk Variants With Expression of Proximal Genes Identifies Novel Susceptibility Genes for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Folkersen Lasse , Hooft Ferdinand van't , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Agardh Hanna E. , Hansson Göran K. , Hedin Ulf , Liska Jan , Syvänen Ann-Christine , Paulsson-Berne Gabrielle , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Hamsten Anders , Gabrielsen Anders , Eriksson Per ,   on behalf of the BiKE and ASAP study groups
Published: June 2010

Background—
Population-based genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cardiovascular disease or its risk factors. Genes in close proximity to these risk-SNPs are often thought to be pathogenetically important based on their location alone. However, the actual connections between SNPs and disease mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Methods and Results—

To identify novel susceptibility genes, we investigated how 166 SNPs previously found to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk and/or predisposing metabolic traits relate to the expression of nearby genes. Gene expression in 577 samples of aorta, liver, mammary artery, and carotid atherosclerotic plaque was measured using expression arrays. For 47 SNPs, the expression levels of proximal genes (located within 200 kb) were affected (
P
<0.005). More than 20 of these genes had not previously been identified as candidate genes for cardiovascular or related metabolic traits. SNP-associated gene effects were tissue-specific and the tissue specificity was phenotype-dependent.

Conclusions—
This study demonstrates several instances of association between risk-SNPs and genes immediately adjacent to them. It also demonstrates instances in which the associated gene is not the immediately proximal and obvious candidate gene for disease. This shows the necessity of careful studies of genetic marker data as a first step toward application of genome-wide association studies findings in a clinical setting.
Is surface EMG biofeedback an effective training method for persons with neck and shoulder complaints after whiplash-associated disorders concerning activities of daily living and pain — a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ehrenborg Cecilia , Archenholtz Birgitha 
Published: June 2010

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of surface electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training as a supplement to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme regarding consequences for activities of daily living and pain. Design: A randomized controlled unblinded trial. Settings: The study was carried out in a pain unit at a rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Sixty-five people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders consecutively referred to the pain unit agreed to participate in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the treatment or control group. Intervention: All participants received interdisciplinary rehabilitation and the treatment group also had four weeks of surface EMG biofeedback training. Main measures: The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used at admission discharge and at six-month follow-up to register changes in activities of daily living. The Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Swedish version, was used at admission and at six-month follow-up to capture the multidimensional aspects of pain. Results: Sixty-two people completed the study. Both treatment and control groups improved significantly according to the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure at discharge and the results remained after six months (P<0.001). The subscale ‘Interference’ on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory was significantly decreased at six months for the treatment group (P<0.001). No differences were found between the two groups for activities of daily living (performance P = 0.586; satisfaction P = 0.988) at follow-up or for pain level (P = 0.914), indicating no additional effect of the surface EMG biofeedback training. Conclusion: In this study there was no support for the effectiveness of surface EMG biofeedback training as a supplement to an interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme for people with long-lasting pain after whiplash.
Review of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors in the treatment of established febrile neutropenia
Authors: Pérez Velasco Román 
Published: June 2010

Purpose: To assess the value of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) in promoting recovery from established episodes of febrile neutropenia (FN) after chemotherapy in cancer patients. Method: The literature was searched using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and IPA databases. Reference lists from the retrieved papers and hand searches of relevant journals complemented the search. Eleven randomized controlled trials were selected for review. Result: G-CSF use in established FN appears to be limited to a small reduction in neutropenia duration, length of hospitalization, and duration of antibiotic use. Overall, there are no significant reductions in time to neutrophil recovery and fever resolution. The cost analyses performed do not show significant cost savings. Conclusion: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) are biological agents typically used for prevention of febrile neutropenia (FN) or as adjunctive treatment with antibiotics of established FN. Most clinical guidelines discourage the general use of G-CSF for adjunctive treatment of ongoing neutropenic fever; however, its use in special situations, such as high-risk for infectious complications or adverse prognostic factors, is advised. G-CSF should be reserved for high-risk cancer patients, in accordance with the results of this review. This recommendation needs to be taken with caution in view of the disparities and methodological flaws found among trials. It is necessary to design further trials appropriately, well-powered and focused on high-risk patients. Moreover, it is necessary to perform an appropriate economic evaluation for this setting.
Overcoming resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors in human leukemia with the redox modulating compound β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Hu Yumin , Lu Weiqin , Chen Gang , Zhang Hui , Jia Yu , Wei Yue , Yang Hui , Zhang Wan , Fiskus Warren , Bhalla Kapil , Keating Michael , Huang Peng , Garcia-Manero Guillermo 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Mechanisms of action and resistance of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are not well understood. A gene expression analysis performed in a phase 1 trial of vorinostat in leukemia indicated that overexpression of genes involved in antioxidant defense was associated with clinical resistance. We hypothesized that nonepigenetic mechanisms may be involved in resistance to HDACI therapy in leukemia. Here we confirmed up-regulation of a series of antioxidants in a pan-HDACI–resistant leukemia cell line HL60/LR. Vorinostat induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in leukemia cells. An increase in ROS resulted in translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 from cytosol to nucleus, leading to up-regulation of antioxidant genes, including a majority of glutathione-associated enzymes as a cellular protective mechanism. Addition of β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, a natural compound capable of depleting cellular glutathione, significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of vorinostat in leukemia cell lines and primary leukemia cells by inhibiting the cytoprotective antioxidant response. These results suggest that ROS plays an important role in action of vorinostat and that combination with a redox-modulating compound increases sensitivity to HDACIs and also overcomes vorinostat resistance. Such a combination strategy may be an effective therapeutic regimen and have potential clinical application in leukemia.
Immature B-cell progenitors survive oncogenic stress and efficiently initiate Ph+ B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Signer Robert A. J. , Montecino-Rodriguez Encarnacion , Witte Owen N. , Dorshkind Kenneth 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) can initiate in committed B-cell progenitors. However, the stages of B-cell differentiation in which disease can initiate and the efficiency with which this occurs are unclear. We now demonstrate that B-cell progenitors, up to and including the pro-B cell, efficiently initiate Ph+ B-ALL. However, cells at the pre-B-cell stage of development did not initiate disease. We show that this difference in leukemia initiating potential is due to the level at which the Arf tumor suppressor gene is induced in specific stages of B lymphopoiesis. Whereas immature B-cell progenitors survive the relatively low levels of Arf that are induced after oncogene expression, pre-B cells express the tumor suppressor gene at high levels and undergo massive apoptosis. These data demonstrate that the molecular events that control Ph+ B-ALL initiation and tumor suppression in the B-cell lineage are developmentally regulated.
Expansion of EBNA1-specific effector T cells in posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Jones Kimberley , Nourse Jamie P. , Morrison Leanne , Nguyen-Van Do , Moss Denis J. , Burrows Scott R. , Gandhi Maher K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractImmunosuppression resulting in impaired Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–specific T-cell immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of EBV-positive post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV+ PTLD). Restoration of EBV-specific T-cell immunity by adoptive immunotherapy can induce remission. EBV-nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) is unique in being expressed in all cases of EBV+ PTLD. Recent data demonstrate that EBNA1 is not immunologically silent and can be exploited as a T-cell target. There are no data on EBNA1-specific T cells in PTLD. EBNA1-specific T cells capable of proliferation, interferon-γ release, and CD107a/b degranulation were assayed in 14 EBV+ PTLD diagnostic blood samples and 19 healthy controls. EBNA1-specific CD4+ T cells predominated and were expanded in 10 of 14 patients and 19 of 19 controls. Although human leukocyte antigen class I alleles influenced the magnitude of the response, EBNA1-specific CD8+ effector T cells were successfully generated in 9 of 14 EBV+ PTLD patients and 16 of 19 controls. The majority of PTLD patients had a polymorphism in an EBNA1 epitope, and T-cell recognition was greatly enhanced when EBNA1 peptides derived from the polymorphic epitope were used. These results indicate that EBNA1-specific T cells should be included in adoptive immunotherapy for PTLD. Furthermore, expansion protocols should use antigenic sequences from relevant EBV strains.
Inhaled phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors restore chloride transport in cystic fibrosis mice
Authors: Lubamba B. , Lebacq J. , Reychler G. , Marbaix E. , Wallemacq P. , Lebecque P. , Leal T. 
Published: June 2010

Sildenafil and vardenafil, two selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) are able, when applied by intraperitoneal injection, to activate chloride transport in cystic fibrosis (CF) mice homozygous for the F508del mutation. Oral treatment with the drugs may be associated with adverse haemodynamic effects. We hypothesised that inhaled PDE5 inhibitors are able to restore ion transport in F508del CF airway epithelium.We developed a restraint-free mouse chamber for inhalation studies. PDE5 inhibitors were nebulised for 15 min at concentrations adjusted from recommended therapeutic oral doses for male erectile dysfunction. We measuredin vivonasal transepithelial potential difference 1 h after a single inhalation of sildenafil, vardenafil or tadalafil in F508del CF and normal homozygous mice.After nebulisation with the drugs in F508del mice, chloride transport, evaluated by perfusing the nasal mucosa with chloride-free buffer containing amiloride followed by forskolin, was normalised; the forskolin response was increased, with the largest values being observed with tadalafil and intermediate values with vardenafil. No detectable effect was observed on sodium conductance.Our results confirm the role of PDE5 inhibitors in restoring chloride transport function of F508del CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein and highlight the potential of inhaled sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil as a therapy for CF.
A randomised controlled trial of azithromycin to prevent chronic rejection after lung transplantation
Authors: Vos R. , Vanaudenaerde B.M. , Verleden S.E. , De Vleeschauwer S.I. , Willems-Widyastuti A. , Van Raemdonck D.E. , Schoonis A. , Nawrot T.S. , Dupont L.J. , Verleden G.M. 
Published: June 2010

Azithromycin reduces airway inflammation and improves forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in chronic rejection or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation (LTx). Azithromycin prophylaxis might prevent BOS.A double-blind randomised controlled trial of azithromycin (n = 40) or placebo (n = 43), initiated at discharge and administered three times a week for 2 yrs, was performed in 2005–2009 at the Leuven University Hospital (Leuven, Belgium). Primary end-points were BOS-free and overall survival 2 yrs after LTx; secondary end-points were acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis and pneumonitis rate, prevalence of pseudomonal airway colonisation or gastro-oesophageal reflux, and change in FEV1, airway and systemic inflammation over time. Patients developing BOS were assessed for change in FEV1with open-label azithromycin.BOS occurred less in patients receiving azithromycin: 12.5versus44.2% (p = 0.0017). BOS-free survival was better with azithromycin (hazard ratio 0.27, 95% CI 0.092–0.816; p = 0.020). Overall survival, acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, colonisation and reflux were comparable between groups. Patients receiving azithromycin demonstrated better FEV1(p = 0.028), and lower airway neutrophilia (p = 0.015) and systemic C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.050) over time. Open-label azithromycin for BOS improved FEV1in 52.2% patients. No serious adverse events were noted.Azithromycin prophylaxis attenuates local and systemic inflammation, improves FEV1and reduces BOS 2 yrs after LTx.
Candidate genes for COPD in two large data sets
Authors: Bakke P.S. , Zhu G. , Gulsvik A. , Kong X. , Agusti A.G.N. , Calverley P.M.A. , Donner C.F. , Levy R.D. , Make B.J. , Paré P.D. , Rennard S.I. , Vestbo J. , Wouters E.F.M. , Anderson W. , Lomas D.A. , Silverman E.K. , Pillai S.G. 
Published: June 2010

Lack of reproducibility of findings has been a criticism of genetic association studies on complex diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).We selected 257 polymorphisms of 16 genes with reported or potential relationships to COPD and genotyped these variants in a case–control study that included 953 COPD cases and 956 control subjects. We explored the association of these polymorphisms to three COPD phenotypes: a COPD binary phenotype and two quantitative traits (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC)). The polymorphisms significantly associated to these phenotypes in this first study were tested in a second, family-based study that included 635 pedigrees with 1,910 individuals.Significant associations to the binary COPD phenotype in both populations were seen forSTAT1(rs13010343) andNFKBIB/SIRT2(rs2241704) (p<0.05). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs17467825 and rs1155563 of theGCgene were significantly associated with FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC, respectively, in both populations (p<0.05).This study has replicated associations to COPD phenotypes in theSTAT1,NFKBIB/SIRT2andGCgenes in two independent populations, the associations of the former two genes representing novel findings.
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is linked to severity of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Baguet J-P. , Barone-Rochette G. , Lévy P. , Vautrin E. , Pierre H. , Ormezzano O. , Pépin J-L. 
Published: June 2010

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk. The present study examined the relationships between respiratory parameters and left ventricular abnormalities in OSA.150 newly diagnosed OSA patients without any known cardiovascular disease were included in the study (mean±sdage 49±11 yrs, body mass index 27.1±3.3 kg·m−2, respiratory disturbance index 41±18 h−1). Haemodynamic, biological, respiratory, cardiac and arterial parameters were assessed at inclusion.34 (22.7%) patients had a grade 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Patients with an abnormal diastole were older (p<0.001) and 81% of them were hypertensive. The only respiratory parameter independently associated with the peak flow velocity in early diastole/peak flow velocity at atrial contraction ratio was mean nocturnal oxygen saturation. 17 (13%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. A multivariate analysis showed that clinic systolic blood pressure and mean nocturnal oxygen saturation were independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. In a logistic regression model, age ≥58 yrs (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.78–5.64) and mean nocturnal oxygen saturation <92% (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.45–4.91) were associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.Our findings demonstrate that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction frequently occurs in patients with OSA and that it is related to the severity of oxygen desaturation.
Extraction of Cd2+ and Am3+ Ions into Organic and Fluorous Solvents with a TPEN Chelating Agent bearing a Fluoroalkyl Substituent
Authors: Kida Tatsuya , Inaba Yusuke , Watanabe Wataru , Nakajima Yasutaka , Fukuoka Sachio , Takeshita Kenji , Mori Atsunori 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Introduction of polyfluorinated alkyl groups into TPEN (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) derivatives provides soft metal ion extracting agents with high acid tolerance. The TPEN derivative bearing a pentafluoropropoxy substituent efficiently extracts Cd2+ and Am3+ into organic and fluorous solvents.
Dependence of Single-photon Emission from Single Conjugated Polymer Chains on Their Spatial Size as Determined by Photon-correlation Measurements in Fluid Solution
Authors: Masuo Sadahiro , Nishi Nobuhiro , Hosugi Masaaki , Machida Shinjiro , Itaya Akira 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Photon-correlation measurements were applied to single chains of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] of various molecular weights in a fluid solvent in order to investigate the relationship between the probability of single-photon emission and spatial size of the chains. We clearly observed that polymer chains with faster translational diffusion time exhibited a high probability of single-photon emission. This result indicates that the photon antibunching behavior of single conjugated polymer chains is strongly correlated with their spatial size, and that the polymer chains can be made to behave as single-photon sources by controlling the size.