bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural, Optical and Electrical Properties Of Post-Annealed ZnO:Al Thin Films
Authors: Charpentier Coralie , Prod’Homme Patricia , Francke Loïc , Roca i Cabarrocas Pere 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films were prepared on glass substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering from a ceramic mixed target ZnO:Al2O3 (1 wt.%) with a power of 250 W. Two series of samples were deposited at room temperature, the first one in pure Ar atmosphere, the second one in Ar/O2 gas mixture. Effects of post-deposition annealing treatments carried out from 400 °C to 500 °C under vacuum and in N2/H2 (5%) atmosphere have been investigated. The influence of these parameters was studied by a detailed microstructural analysis using X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. For N2/H2 annealing process, the increase of charge carrier concentration limits the increase of the mobility while after vacuum annealing, an improvement of both electrical and optical properties was observed. The increase of the crystallinity and grain size for ZnO:Al films deposited in Ar/O2 gas mixture could explain their improvements. Resistivity was reduced down to 3.5×10-4 Ω.cm, for a mobility of 49 cm2/V.s with a vacuum annealing at 450 °C for ZnO:Al deposited in Ar/O2 gas mixture.
Time-of-Flight Technique Limits of Applicability for Thin-Films of Π-Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Cavallari Marco R. , Zanchin Vinicius R. , Amorim Cleber A. , dos Santos Gerson , Fonseca Fernando J. , Andrade Adnei M. , Mergulhão Sergio 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTTime of flight (ToF) is the most straightforward technique to determine polymeric semiconductor mobility for electronic applications. We demonstrate ToF limits of applicability to amorphous PPV derivatives, such as poly[2-methoxy-5-(3’,7’-dimethylloctyloxy)-1-4-phenylene vinylene] (MDMO-PPV) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethylhexyloxy)-1-4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV), and polycrystalline poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Hole and electron mobility (μ) in submicrometric films (200 – 500 nm) is overestimated compared to casted layers, due to reduced absorption capability, which is confirmed by Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage (CELIV) measurements. Charge transport properties in nanometric films, such as for Field-Effect Transistors (FET), can not be studied by current-mode ToF. Hole mobility of ca. 10-5 cm2/Vs with Poole-Frenkel behavior for PPV derivatives and 10-3 cm2/Vs for P3HT is at least one order of magnitude higher than ToF results.
Oligoaniline crystals: morphology control, hierarchical assembly and structure-property relationships
Authors: Wang Yue , Tran Henry D. , Liu Jinglin , Martin David C. , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTShort-chain oligomers of aniline are attractive semi-metallic materials for applications as organic electrodes or hole-transporting layers in organic photovoltaics. However, conventionally processed oligoanilines are often amorphous, which limits their conductivities and carrier transport mobilities. Here, we report a simple solvent-exchange method that can render a variety of oligoanilines and their derivatives into crystals of different shapes and dimensions, including 1-D fibers and wires, 2-D ribbons, and 3-D plates, hollow spheres, porous sheets, and flower-like structures. Dopant ions are also simultaneously incorporated into the crystals during self-assembly, allowing them to become conducting. Mechanistic studies suggest that the higher order crystals arise from the most primitive nanofibrillar morphology via hierarchical assembly, providing insights into a general approach to control organic crystal morphologies. Selected area electron diffraction studies reveal their single crystalline nature.
Associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and long-term neurologic outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation
Authors: Witsberger Tige H. , Levine Jonathan M. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Slater Margaret R. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Russell Karen E. , Levine Gwendolyn J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To examine associations between CSF biomarkers, initial neurologic dysfunction, and long-term ambulatory outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH).
Design—Prospective clinical study.
Animals—54 dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH and 16 clinically normal dogs.
Procedures—For each dog, variables, including CSF myelin basic protein (MBP), lactate, calcium, glucose, and total protein concentrations; nucleated cell count; and creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase activities, were measured. For dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH, initial neurologic function was characterized by use of a modified Frankel score (MFS; determined on a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 represented paraplegia with no deep nociception and 5 represented paraspinal hyperesthesia only). Long-term follow-up was assessed.
Results—Among dogs with thoracolumbar IVDH, those with CSF CK activity ≤ 38 U/L had a 35-fold increase in the odds of long-term ambulation, compared with the odds in dogs with CSF CK activity > 38 U/L, adjusting for neurologic functioning at the evaluation. The CSF lactate, calcium, and glucose concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were not predictive of long-term ambulatory outcome. Data analysis revealed that long-term functional recovery was > 98% for affected dogs, regardless of their initial MFS, when CSF CK activity was ≤ 38 U/L and MBP concentration was ≤ 3 ng/mL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDH, CSF CK activity and MBP concentration appeared to be prognostic indicators and, along with initial MFS, can be used to predict long-term ambulatory outcome.
Associations among weight loss, stress, and upper respiratory tract infection in shelter cats
Authors: Tanaka Aki , Wagner Denae C. , Kass Philip H. , Hurley Kate F. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To identify associations among change in body weight, behavioral stress score, food intake score, and development of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) among cats admitted to an animal shelter.
Design—Prospective cohort study.
Animals—60 adult cats admitted to an animal shelter.
Procedures—Body weight was measured on days 0 (intake), 7, 14, and 21. Behavioral stress and food intake were scored daily for the first 7 days; cats were monitored daily for URI.
Results—49 of the 60 (82%) cats lost weight during at least 1 week while in the shelter. Fifteen (25%) cats lost ≥ 10% of their body weight while in the shelter. Thirty-five of the 60 (58%) cats developed URI prior to exiting the shelter, and only 4 cats remained at least 21 days without developing URI. Cats with high stress scores during the first week were 5.6 times as likely to develop URI as were cats with low stress scores. Food intake and stress scores were negatively correlated (r = −0.98).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that cats admitted to an animal shelter were likely to lose weight while in the shelter and likely to develop URI, and that cats that had high stress scores were more likely to develop URI.
Functionality of implanted microchips following magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Haifley Katherine A. , Hecht Silke 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the functionality of implanted microchips following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Design—Prospective clinical trial.
Animals—53 client-owned patients implanted with a microchip undergoing MRI of various areas of the body for a variety of medical conditions.
Procedures—General anesthesia was induced, and each patient's microchip was scanned with a universal microchip scanner; the chip number was recorded. Patients were transported to the MRI suite, and MRI was completed. Patients were moved out of the magnetic environment, and microchips were scanned again. Patient information and chip number were recorded. Chip numbers before and after MRI were compared.
Results—For all 53 microchips scanned from 53 patients, the same number was read accurately following MRI of a variety of sites.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data indicated that MRI did not interfere with the functionality of these microchips. This information is valuable for practitioners recommending MRI for their patients and for clients who have invested in implanting a microchip in their pets.
Meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis in horses: 28 cases (1985–2010)
Authors: Toth Balazs , Aleman Monica , Nogradi Nora , Madigan John E. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To describe clinical and clinicopathologic findings and outcome of horses with meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—28 horses.
Procedures—Medical records of horses admitted to the hospital during a 25-year period were reviewed. Horses with a definitive diagnosis of meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis were included in this study. Information extracted from the medical records included signalment, history, reason for admission, clinical signs, results of clinicopathologic testing and diagnostic procedures, treatment, outcome, and necropsy findings.
Results—22 horses had confirmed infectious disease (19 bacterial, 2 parasitic, and 1 fungal), 4 had suspected infectious disease on the basis of CSF cytologic examination findings, and 2 had noninfectious meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. Trauma of the head and vertebral column with disruption of the blood-brain barrier and local ascending or hematogenous spread were the most common routes of infection. Common neurologic signs included abnormal mental status, cranial nerve deficits, vestibular dysfunction, ataxia, tetraparesis, and apparent neck pain. Common hematologic abnormalities included leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Cytologic examination of CSF samples revealed moderate to marked suppurative inflammation. Mortality rate was 96.4%. Microbial culture of CSF yielded bacterial growth in 15 of 23 horses (before death [2 horses], after death [11], and both [2]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis are uncommon disorders in horses. Infectious disease was more common than noninfectious disease. Local trauma, ascending infection, or hematogenous spread of infection were the most common causes of meningitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. Neurologic deficits, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, hyperfibrinogenemia, and CSF with neutrophilic pleocytosis were common findings in affected horses.
Evaluation of two point-of-care meters and a portable chemistry analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in juvenile white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Burdick Stacy , Mitchell Mark A. , Neil Johanna , Heggem Brittany , Whittington Julia , Acierno Mark J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate agreement of blood glucose concentrations measured in juvenile white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by use of 2 point-of-care (POC) blood glucose meters and 1 portable chemistry analyzer with values obtained in serum by use of a standard laboratory chemistry analyzer, and to evaluate agreement between results obtained with the 2 POC meters.
Design—Prospective evaluation study.
Sample—14 venous blood samples from 14 healthy white-tailed deer fawns.
Procedures—Blood glucose concentration was measured with each of 2 POC meters. The remainder of the sample was divided into 2 tubes (1 that contained lithium heparin and 1 with no anticoagulant). Glucose concentration in anticoagulated whole blood was measured with the portable analyzer. Serum was collected from the remaining sample for measurement of glucose concentrations with the laboratory analyzer. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement.
Results—Agreement between POC blood glucose meters and the laboratory analyzer was poor; mean values for bias were 2.9 mg/dL (95% limits of agreement [LOA], −70.2 to 76.0 mg/dL) and −30.8 mg/dL (95% LOA, −111.6 to 49.9 mg/dL), respectively. Agreement between the 2 POC meters was also poor (bias, 31.0 mg/dL; 95% LOA, −47.2 to 109.2 mg/dL). Agreement between the portable analyzer and the laboratory analyzer was good (bias, −1.6 mg/dL; 95% LOA, −15.3 to 12.1 mg/dL).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the POC blood glucose meters used in this study are not appropriate for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in juvenile white-tailed deer.
A model to calculate the viscosity of silicate melts
Authors: Brosh Eli , Pelton Arthur D. , Decterov Sergei A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Our recently developed model for the viscosity of silicate melts is extended to describe and predict the viscosities of oxide melts containing boron. The model requires three adjustable parameters to reproduce the viscosity of B2O3–SiO2 melts and two parameters for each B2O3–MO
x
melt, where MO
x
is a basic oxide other than an alkali oxide. All available experimental data have been collected for binary melts formed by B2O3 with SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, ZnO, PbO to calibrate the model. The viscosities of the B2O3-containing ternary and higher-order subsystems of the B2O3–CaO–MgO–PbO–ZnO–SiO2 system and of the B2O3–CaO–MgO–PbO–ZnO–Al2O3 system are then predicted by the model without any additional adjustable parameters. Experimental data were found for only five such subsystems: B2O3–PbO–SiO2, B2O3–CaO–SiO2, B2O3–PbO–ZnO, B2O3–PbO–Al2O3 and B2O3–CaO–Al2O3. Predictions of the model are compared to these experimental data.
A model to calculate the viscosity of silicate melts
Authors: Brosh Eli , Pelton Arthur D. , Decterov Sergei A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Our recently developed model for the viscosity of borosilicate melts is extended to describe and predict the viscosities of melts containing alkali oxides. In addition to the two model parameters that are required for each B2O3–MO
x
melt, where MO
x
is a basic oxide, three more parameters are needed when MO
x
is an alkali oxide to account for the formation of clusters near the tetraborate composition. The additional parameters represent the size and Gibbs energy of formation of these clusters and their contribution to the activation energy of the viscous flow. A general algorithm for the calculation of the viscosity is presented which summarizes the application of the viscosity model to melts that can contain two network formers, SiO2 and B2O3, any basic oxide and amphoteric oxides exhibiting the Charge Compensation Effect such as Al2O3. The predictive ability of the model is tested on all ternary subsystems of the B2O3–Na2O–K2O–CaO–MgO–PbO–ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 system containing both an alkali oxide and B2O3 for which experimental data are available and on several multicomponent glass-forming melts around commercial glass compositions.
Preparation and characterization of low temperature sintering nanocrystalline TiO2prepared via the sol-gel method using titanium(IV) butoxide applicable to flexible dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Bazargan M. Hossein , Byranvand M. Malekshahi , Kharat A. Nemati 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLow temperature nanocrystalline titanium dioxide particles were prepared via the sol-gel method using titanium(IV) butoxide for fabrication of flexible dye sensitized solar cells. The prepared sample was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, specific surface area, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Results confirm that the synthesized sample was highly crystalline anatase TiO2with an average particle size of 35 nm. The measured specific surface area for TiO2powder and average surface roughness for TiO2film were 61.11 m2g−1and 17.25 nm respectively. The prepared nano-scale TiO2was then employed to fabricate flexible dye sensitized solar cell via the low temperature sintering and operated with a platinum counter electrode. The solar energy conversion efficiency for the cell fabricated with TiO2nanoparticles was about 0.85%.
Growth of rare-earth zirconates-based pyrochlore buffer layers on YSZ for YBCO-coated conductors via chemical solution deposition
Authors: Shen Ya , Zhang Guofang , Li Chengshan , Yu Zeming , Jin Lihua , Wang Yao , Lu Yafeng 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Epitaxial films of rare-earth zirconates, RE2Zr2O7 (RE = La, Nd, Sm and Gd) were grown on yttrium stabilized zirconia (100) single crystal substrates using metal-organic deposition. A precursor solution of 0.25 '0.40 M concentration of total cations was spin-coated on yttrium stabilized zirconia substrates and crystallized at 1 000 8C for 3 h in Ar-4%H2 after calcination at 500 8C for 1 h. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the resulting pyrochlore RE2Zr2O7 films were highly textured with cube-on-cube epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy investigations revealed that the surfaces of La2Zr2O7, Nd2Zr2O7 and Sm2Zr2O7 films had a fairly dense and smooth microstructure without cracks and porosity, but that voids could be seen on the surface of the Gd2Zr2O7 film. Optical microscopy measurements confirmed that the Gd2Zr2O7 precursor solution showed poor wetting behavior on the substrate. It was concluded that the Nd2Zr2O7 and Sm2Zr2O7 films could be potentially used as buffer layers for YBa2Cu3O7-d coated conductors.
Li–Cr substituted nickel–zinc–copper ferrite powders: structural and magnetic properties
Authors: Xia Ailin , Liu Shunkai , Jin Chuangui , Du Dexin , Hu Jinlian 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Li–Cr substituted NiZnCu ferrite powder specimens with the nominal composition Ni0.
25
–2

x
Li
x
Cr
x
Cu0.15Zn0.6Fe2O4 (x=0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared primarily via chemical coprecipitation. X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry were used to study their structural or magnetic properties. It is found that all the specimens exhibit a single phase after annealing. The variation tendency of saturation magnetization with x exhibts a strange variation tendency and can be attributed to the different site occupation of Li+ions. It is also found that suitable Li–Cr substitutions help decrease the annealing temperature.
Flow dynamics of an accumulation basin: a case study of upper Kahiltna Glacier, Mount McKinley, Alaska
Authors: Campbell Seth , Kreutz Karl , Osterberg Erich , Arcone Steven , Wake Cameron , Volkening Kevin , Winski Dominic 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe interpreted flow dynamics of the Kahiltna Pass Basin accumulation zone on Mount McKinley, Alaska, USA, using 40,100 and 900 MHz ground-penetrating radar profiles and GPS surface velocity measurements. We found dipping, englacial surface-conformable strata that experienced vertical thickening as the glacier flowed westward from a steep, higher-velocity (60 m a-1) region into flat terrain associated with a 90° bend in the glacier and lower velocities (15 m a-1) to the south. Stratigraphy near the western side of the basin was surface-conformable to ˜170m depth and thinned as flow diverged southward, down-glacier. We found complex strata beneath the conformable stratigraphy and interpret these features as buried crevasses, avalanche debris and deformed ice caused by up-glacier events. We also suggest that basin dimensions, bed topography and the sharp bend each cause flow extension and compression, significantly contributing to conformable and complex strata thickness variations. Our findings show that surface-conformable stratigraphy continuous with depth and consistent strata thicknesses cannot be assumed in accumulation basins, because local and up- glacier terrain and flow dynamics can cause structural complexities to occur under and within surface- conformable layers.
Subglacial clast/bed contact forces
Authors: Byers John , Cohen Denis , Iverson Neal R 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA laboratory device was built to measure the forces that ice exerts on a 0.05 m diameter rigid plastic sphere in two different configurations: in contact with a flat bed or isolated from the bed. Measurements indicated that bed-normal contact forces were 1.8 times larger than drag forces due to creeping flow past a slippery sphere isolated from the bed. Measurements of forces as a function of the bed-normal ice velocity, estimations of the ice viscosity parameter and observations of markers in the ice indicate ice is Newtonian with a viscosity of ~1.3x 1011 Pas. Newtonian behavior is expected due to small and transient stresses. A model of regelation indicates that it had a negligible (<5%) influence on forces. Water pressure in the cavity beneath the sphere in contact with the bed had a likewise negligible influence on contact forces. When no cavity is present, drag forces can be correctly estimated using Stokes’s law (Newtonian viscosity) for a slippery sphere. The same law with a bed-enhancement factor of 1.8 is appropriate for estimating bed-normal contact forces. These results reinforce previous laboratory measurements and theories but provide no support for explanations of high debris/bed friction or rates of abrasion that depend on high contact forces.
Variational assimilation of albedo in a snowpack model and reconstruction of the spatial mass-balance distribution of an alpine glacier
Authors: Dumont Marie , Durand Yves , Arnaud Yves , Six Delphine 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAccurate knowledge of the spatial distribution of the mass balance of temperate glaciers is essential for a better understanding of the physical processes controlling the mass balance and for the monitoring of water resources. In relation to albedo variations, the shortwave radiation budget is a controlling variable of the surface energy balance of glaciers. Remotely sensed albedo observations are here assimilated in a snowpack model to improve the modeling of the spatial distribution of the glacier mass balance. The albedo observations are integrated in the snowpack simulation using a variational data assimilation scheme that modifies the surface grain conditions. The study shows that mesoscale meteorological variables and MODIS-derived albedo maps can be used to obtain a good reconstruction of the annual mass balance on Glacier de Saint-Sorlin, French Alps, on a 100 m × 100m grid. Five hydrological years within the 2000-10 decade are tested. The accuracy of the method is estimated from comparison with field measurements. Sensitivity to roughness lengths and winter precipitation fields is investigated. Results demonstrate the potential contribution of remote-sensing data and variational data assimilation to further improve the understanding and monitoring of the mass balance of snowpacks and temperate glaciers.
Glacier recession and water resources in Peru’s Cordillera Blanca
Authors: Baraer Michel , Mark Bryan G. , McKenzie Jeffrey M. , Condom Thomas , Bury Jeffrey , Huh Kyung-In , Portocarrero Cesar , Gómez Jesús , Rathay Sarah 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe tropical glaciers of the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, are rapidly retreating, resulting in complex impacts on the hydrology of the upper Río Santa watershed. The effect of this retreat on water resources is evaluated by analyzing historical and recent time series of daily discharge at nine measurement points. Using the Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test, the significance of trends in three hydrograph parameters was studied. Results are interpreted using synthetic time series generated from a hydrologic model that calculates hydrographs based on glacier retreat sequences. The results suggest that seven of the nine study watersheds have probably crossed a critical transition point, and now exhibit decreasing dry-season discharge. Our results suggest also that once the glaciers completely melt, annual discharge will be lower than present by 2-30% depending on the watershed. The retreat influence on discharge will be more pronounced during the dry season than at other periods of the year. At La Balsa, which measures discharge from the upper Río Santa, the glacier retreat could lead to a decrease in dry-season average discharge of 30%.