bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Fasting of 2 Hours Minimizes Insulin Resistance and Organic Response to Trauma After Video‐Cholecystectomy: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Faria Marcelo S. M. , de Aguilar‐Nascimento José E. , Pimenta Osvânio S. , Alvarenga Luis C. , Dock‐Nascimento Diana B. , Slhessarenko Natasha 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundStudies showing the improvement of insulin sensitivity by reducing the term of preoperative fasting are mostly done in patients undergoing major operations. More information about the role of shortened preoperative fasting in perioperative metabolism is needed for such elective minor/moderate abdominal procedures as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We investigated the influence of a carbohydrate‐rich drink given 2 h before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on insulin resistance and the metabolic response to trauma.MethodsA group of 21 female candidates (18–65 years old) for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to either an 8 h fasting group (control group: n = 10) or to a group receiving 200 ml of a carbohydrate beverage containing 12.5% (25 g, 50 kcal per 100 ml and approximately 285 mOsm) of maltodextrine 2 h before operation (CHO group: n = 11). Blood samples for various biochemical assays were collected both at induction of anesthesia and after the 10th postoperative hour. Insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA‐IR equation (Insulin (μU/ml) × blood glucose (mg/dl)/405).ResultsThere were no postoperative complications. Seventy percent (7/10) of the controls and 27.3% (3/11) of the CHO group experienced at least one episode of vomiting (RR = 2.42, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.88–6.68; P = 0.08). Biochemical analysis showed that serum glucose (P < 0.01), insulin (P < 0.01), lactate/pyruvate ratio (P = 0.03), and triglycerides (P < 0.01) for the control group were higher than for the CHO group. The value of HOMA‐IR was significantly greater (P = 0.03) in the conventionally fasted patients than in the CHO group.ConclusionsAbbreviation of the period of preoperative fasting and administration of a carbohydrate beverage diminishes insulin resistance and the organic response to trauma.
Impact of Surgical Training on Incidence of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Rosenthal Rachel , Weber Walter P. , Zwahlen Marcel , Misteli Heidi , Reck Stefan , Oertli Daniel , Widmer Andreas F. , Marti Walter R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundDespite availability of other training forms, tutorial assistance cannot be entirely replaced in surgical education. Concerns exist that tutorial assistance may lead to an increased rate of surgical site infection (SSI). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the risk of SSI is higher after surgery with tutorial assistance than after surgery performed autonomously by a fully trained surgeon.MethodsAll consecutive visceral, vascular, and traumatological inpatient procedures at a Swiss University Hospital were prospectively recorded during a 24‐month period, and the patients were followed for 12 months to ascertain the occurrence of SSI. Using univariable and multivariable logistic regressions, we assessed the association of tutorial assistance surgery with SSI in 6,103 interventions.ResultsAutonomously performed surgery was associated with SSI in univariable analysis (5.36% SSI vs. 3.81% for tutorial assistance, p = 0.006). In multivariable analysis, the odds of SSI for tutorial assistance was no longer significantly lower (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.82; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.62–1.09; p = 0.163).ConclusionsSurgical training does not lead to higher SSI rate if trainees are adequately supervised and interventions are carefully selected. Although other forms of training are useful, tutorial assistance in the operating room continues to be the mainstay of surgical education.
Prospective Study of Routine Day‐Case Laparoscopic Modified Lind Partial Fundoplication
Authors: Agrawal S. , Shapey I. , Peacock A. , Ali A. , Super P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of performing day‐case laparoscopic modified Lind fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease on a routine basis and to determine possible implications for health care costs to the hospital.MethodsAll patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication between November 2005 and November 2007 under the care of one surgeon were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II with adequate home support. The surgical procedure was laparoscopic modified Lind fundoplication in all the cases. Patients were reviewed in the clinic at 6 weeks and were subsequently assessed through a structured postal questionnaire at a median of 1 year.ResultsOver the 25‐month period, a total of 130 laparoscopic modified Lind fundoplications were performed, of which 103 (79.2%) met the inclusion criteria for day‐case surgery. The patients were 16 to 75 years of age. Ninety (87.4%) were discharged on the same day as planned, and 11 patients were admitted overnight because of nausea. At clinic follow‐up at a median of 6 weeks all patients expressed satisfaction and were reflux free. There was a significant reduction of mean modified Visick score and visual analog scale for reflux at a median of 1 year after surgery.ConclusionsRoutine day‐case laparoscopic modified Lind fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease is safe and well tolerated, with high levels of patient satisfaction and reduced costs to the hospital. Patients with ASA grade >2 and redo antireflux surgery should not be considered for day‐case surgery. Hospital readmission was required in less than 3% of patients after discharge home, but those readmissions were not related to early discharge on the same day of surgery.
Significance of Biochemical Parameters in Differentiating Uniglandular from Multiglandular Disease and Limiting Use of Intraoperative Parathormone Assay
Authors: Thakur Abhijit , Sebag Frederic , Slotema Eveline , Ippolito Giuseppe , Taïeb David , Henry Jean François 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe studied whether serum calcium and parathormone (PTH) levels are significantly different for uniglandular disease (UGD) and multiglandular disease (MGD) and whether intraoperative rapid intact parathormone (IOPTH) monitoring can be avoided in some cases of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) without affecting cure rates, substantiating various previous published studies.MethodThis is a single‐referral‐center retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 281 patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (sPHPT) from January 1999 to February 2005. The calcium and PTH values were categorized using the following parameters: calcium ≥3 mmol/l = 1, <3 mmol/l = 0, PTH ≥ 100 pg/ml = 1, PTH < 100 = 1.ResultsP values for serum calcium and PTH by ANOVA were 0.0547 and 0.3936, respectively, and by the Mann‐Whitney test were 0.1606 and 0.6208, respectively. We had 118 patients with concordant technetium 99 m sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) and neck ultrasonography (US) and UGD was confirmed in 118 (100%) cases.ConclusionsNo significant difference between serum calcium and PTH for UGD and MGD was found. IOPTH monitoring could be avoided when there is concordant positive MIBI and neck US for single, unilateral, hyperfunctioning gland without affecting cure rates.
Treatment of Postoperative Esophagorespiratory Fistulas with Dual Self‐Expanding Metal Stents
Authors: Agustsson Thorhallur , Nilsson Magnus , Henriksson Gert , Arnelo Urban , Juto Jan E. , Lundell Lars 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundFistulas between the esophagus and the respiratory tract can occur as a complication to anastomotic dehiscence after esophageal resection. The traditional therapeutic approach is to deviate the proximal portion of the esophagus and transpose the conduit into the abdominal cavity. With the introduction and development of self‐expandable metal stents (SEMS), new therapeutic options have emerged for these severe complications.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐seven consecutive esophageal resections were reviewed to address the outcome of a stent‐based therapeutic strategy in cases with esophagorespiratory fistulas. The patency of each anastomosis was checked only at the time of clinical suspicion of leakage but then radiology, endoscopy, and bronchoscopy were used together.ResultsSeven patients developed esophagorespiratory fistula. All of these fistulas were diagnosed more than 1 week after the operation. Two patients (27%) died due to the fistula. Four could be successfully treated but in two of these we were forced to change strategy and either perform a colonic interposition or externalize the esophagus. One of these patients subsequently developed total respiratory failure and required extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to recover.ConclusionsWhen an esophagorespiratory fistula is diagnosed, an attempt to close the fistula tract by SEMS from both the esophageal and the respiratory side is a feasible treatment option. This strategy has to be prolonged and aggressive with a commitment to repeatedly change stents and modify sizes and designs. Thereby a majority of these patients can be managed conservatively with prospects of a successful outcome.
Tensiometry as a Decision Tool for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with Component Separation
Authors: Dragu Adrian , Klein Peter , Unglaub Frank , Polykandriotis Elias , Kneser Ulrich , Hohenberger Werner , Horch Raymund E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe recurrence rate for incisional hernias following reconstruction depends not only on the size of the initial hernia or abdominal wall defect but also on the number of the concomitant diseases. The surgical approach chosen and the level of tension affecting the sutures both represent essential indicators of long‐term success in abdominal wall reconstruction. Several techniques have been advocated to reconstruct the abdominal wall, either with or without use of alloplastic material. A number of authors even recommended separating the lateral components of the abdominal wall to preserve innervation and blood supply of the advanced parts.MethodsThis retrospective study is based on a patient collective consisting of 23 patients. In addition to hernias or abdominal wall defects, all of them suffered several concomitant diseases and were treated at the German university hospitals in Erlangen‐Nürnberg and Freiburg. All procedures were performed between the years 2000 and 2006. In all cases, reconstruction of the abdominal wall was achieved by employing the separation of components technique by Ramirez. Some of these procedures entailed the use of alloplastic material. Use of this material was based on intraoperative tensiometry results. Surgical outcome was determined by evaluating postoperative complications and the hernia recurrence rate.ResultsWe achieved complete anatomic reconstruction of the abdominal wall in 61% of cases. Alloplastic mesh was used in 39% of the cases. Results of a long‐term follow‐up (56 months) revealed that only 18% of patients experienced hernia recurrence.ConclusionsIntraoperative tensiometry provides an additional important parameter for the surgical algorithm. Depending on the results, the appropriate surgical method for each case can be chosen. The decision on whether this procedure entails the use of alloplastic mesh can also be based on intraoperative tensiometry results.
Pharmacogenetics education in British medical schools
Authors: Higgs Jenny E. , Andrews Julie , Gurwitz David , Payne Katherine , Newman William 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Pharmacogenetic tests allow medications to be tailored to individual patients to improve efficacy and reduce drug toxicity. In 2005, the International Society of Pharmacogenomics (ISP) made recommendations for undergraduate medical teaching in pharmacogenetics. We aimed to establish the quantity and scope of this in British medical schools. An electronic survey was sent to all British medical schools. Nineteen out of 34 (56%) medical schools responded. Sixteen of the 19 (84%) respondents provided pharmacogenetics teaching, usually 1–2 h in total. Only four (21%) medical schools offered the four or more hours of teaching recommended by the ISP. However, 10 of 16 (63%) schools felt the amount of pharmacogenetic teaching offered was sufficient. The quantity of undergraduate teaching of pharmacogenetics is low. However, a majority of UK medical schools teach it, covering a broad scope of elements. It is encouraging that future clinicians are being provided with the knowledge to deliver pharmacogenetics into clinical practice.
Mental health literacy and attitude towards people with mental illness: A trend analysis based on population surveys in the eastern part of Germany
Authors: Angermeyer M.C. , Holzinger A. , Matschinger H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that mental health literacy has improved in western countries in recent years. The question arises as to whether this trend is paralleled by an improvement of attitudes towards people with mental illness.AimTo examine the development of mental health literacy and the desire for social distance towards people with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in Eastern Germany over a time period of eight years.MethodA trend analysis was carried out using data from two population surveys conducted in the eastern part of Germany in 1993 and 2001. By means of a fully structured interview psychiatric labelling, causal beliefs, help-seeking and treatment recommendations as well as the desire for social distance was assessed.ResultsWhile there was an increase in the mental health literacy of the public, the desire for social distance from people with major depression and schizophrenia remained unchanged or even increased.ConclusionsThe assumption underlying a number of anti-stigma campaigns, namely that educating people about mental disorders may automatically lead to the improvement of their attitudes towards the mentally ill, appears questionable.
Parallel surfaces in the real special linear gorup SL (2,ℝ)
Authors: Belkhelfa Mohamed , Dillen Franki , Inoguchi Jun-Ichi 
Published: April 2009

Dedicated to Professor Koichi Ogiue on his sixtieth birthdayWe show that the only parallel surfaces in SL (2,ℝ) are rotational surfaces with constant mean curvature.
A remark on the derivative of the one-dimensional Hardy-Littlewood maximal function
Authors: Tanaka Hitoshi 
Published: April 2009

Dedicated to Professor Kôzô Yabuta on the occasion of his 60th birthdayJ. Kinnunen proved that of P > 1, d ≤ 1 and f is a function in the Sobolev space W1,P(Rd), then the first order weak partial derivatives of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function ℳf belong to LP(Rd). We shall show that, when d = 1, Kinnunen's result can be extended to the case where P = 1.
Autoclinisms and automorphisms of finite groups
Authors: Reimers Ratje , Tappe Jürgen 
Published: April 2009

Let Γ be a family of isoclinic finite groups, and let acl(Γ) be the group of autoclinisms of Γ. In this paper we prove the following formula:where the sum is taken over a complete system of stem groupsSin Γ. This result is due to P. Hall, who outlined a proof in his paper, “On groups of automorphisms” (J. reine angew. Math). 182 (1940), 194–204, using presentations, whereas in this paper we consider stem groups in terms of central extensions.
On certain non-archimedean functions analogous to complex analytic functions
Authors: Mahler Kurt 
Published: April 2009

LetQpandKbe the rationalp–adic field and an algebraic extension ofQpof finite degree, respectively, and letIandIkbe the subsets ofQpand ofKconsisting of thep–adic integers of these fields.It is known that the continuous functionsf:I→Qpcan be written aswhere this series converges uniformly onI, and that such continuous functions need not be differentiable at any point. We here study continuous functionsF:IK→Kwhich for allXonIKare the sum of a uniformly convergent seriesIt is proved that such functionsF(X)have at every point ofIKderivatives of all orders. In the special case whenKis totally ramified, they cannot in general be developed into power series that converge everywhere onIK, but this is possible whenKis not totally ramified.
Existence theory for the complex nonlinear complementarity problem
Authors: Parida J. , Sahoo B. 
Published: April 2009

The main result in this paper is an existence theorem for the following complex nonlinear complementarity problem: find z such thatwhere S is a polyhedral cone in Cn, S* the polar cone, and g is a mapping from Cn into itself. It is shown that the above problem has a unique solution if the mapping g is continuous and strongly monotone on the polyhedral cone S.
Certain inequalities for submanifolds in (K,μ)-contact space forms
Authors: Arslan Kadri , Ezentas Ridvan , Mihai Ion , Murathan Cengizhan , Özgür Cihan 
Published: April 2009

Chen (1999) established a sharp relationship between the Ricci curvature and the squared mean curvature for a submanifold in a Riemanian space form with arbitrary codimension. Matsumoto (to appear) dealt with similar problems for sub-manifolds in complex space forms.In this article we obtain sharp relationships between the Ricci curvature and the squared mean curvature for submanifolds in (K, μ)-contact space forms.
Varieties of topological groups III
Authors: Morris Sidney A. 
Published: April 2009

This paper continues the invèstigation of varieties of topological groups. It is shown that the family of all varieties of topological groups with any given underlying algebraic variety is a class and not a set. In fact the family of all β-varieties with any given underlying algebraic variety is a class and not a set. A variety generated by a family of topological groups of bounded cardinal is not a full variety.The varieties V(R) and V(T) generated by the additive group of reals and the circle group respectively each with its usual topology are examined. In particular it is shown that a locally compact Hausdorff abelian group is in V(T) if and only if it is compact. Thus V(R) properly contains V(T).It is proved that any free topological group of a non-indiscrete variety is disconnected. Finally, some comments are made on topologies on free groups.
Risk of damage to tomato crops by the generalist zoophytophagous predatorNesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Arnó J. , Castañé C. , Riudavets J. , Gabarra R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis(Reuter) (Hem. Miridae) is a native zoophytophagous predator of the Mediterranean region, and its populations colonize tomato crops when they are not heavily treated with insecticides. This generalist predator has a high capacity for controlling insect pests, and it is currently commercially produced and released in some areas to controlBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Hem. Aleyrodidae). However, its status as a pest and/or as beneficial is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of damage to tomatoes in extreme conditions of prey scarcity, as well as high predator populations. Three predator densities were tested in a greenhouse cage experiment during a summer tomato crop. The crop did not display any negative effect caused by the predators during the first six weeks of interaction, independently of the density released. However, subsequently, the effect was dramatic, both on the vegetative growth of the plant and on the production of fruits. The reduction in vegetative growth was located at truss eight and it was expressed mainly by a lower number of leaves and a shorter length of the shoot above the truss. There was a significant reduction of yield with a lower number of fruits collected and a smaller mean weight, although this was not observable until truss seven. It seems that feeding on the plant by this mirid bug competed with the vegetative growth and fruiting processes of the plant in the extreme conditions of prey shortage maintained in our experiment.
Host use and crop impacts of Oribius Marshall species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Wesis P. , Niangu B. , Ero M. , Masamdu R. , Autai M. , Elmouttie D. , Clarke A. R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOribius species are small flightless weevils endemic to the island of New Guinea and far northern Cape York, Australia. The adults feed externally on leaves, developing fruit and green bark, but their impact as pests and general host use patterns are poorly known. Working in Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, we carried out structured host use surveys, farmer surveys, shade-house growth trials and on-farm and on-station impact trials to: (i) estimate the host range of the local Oribius species; (ii) understand adult daily activity patterns; (iii) elucidate feeding habits of the soil dwelling larvae; and (iv) quantify the impacts of adult feeding damage. Oribius inimicus and O. destructor accounted for nearly all the Oribius species encountered locally, of these two O. inimicus was the most abundant. Weevils were collected from 31 of 33 plants surveyed in the Aiyura Valley, and a combination of farmer interviews and literature records provided evidence for the beetles being pestiferous on 43 crops currently or previously grown in the Highlands. Adult weevils had a distinct diurnal pattern of being in the upper plant canopy early in the morning and, to a lesser extent, again late in the afternoon. For the remainder of the day, beetles resided within the canopy, or possibly off the plant. Movement of adults between plants appeared frequent. Pot trials confirmed the larvae are root feeders. Quantified impact studies showed that the weevils are damaging to a range of vegetable and orchard crops (broccoli, capsicum, celery, French bean, Irish potato, lettuce, orange and strawberry), causing average yield losses of around 30–40%, but up to 100% on citrus. Oribius weevils pose a significant and, apparently, growing problem for Highland's agriculture.
SOUTH AFRICAN TERRITORIAL SEGREGATION: NEW DATA ON AFRICAN FARM PURCHASES, 1913–1936
Authors: FEINBERG HARVEY M. , HORN ANDRÉ 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTBy using new sources and a complementary historical and geo-analytical approach, this article illustrates that the Natives Land Act (no. 27 of 1913) failed to stop Africans from buying land. New evidence demonstrates that African land ownership outside the reserves in the Transvaal actually increased after 1913. This evidence leads to a deeper questioning of the extent to which the South African government was able to impose rural territorial segregation by 1936 and reveals the limits of white power in the early Union period.
Does Corporate Governance Matter to Bondholders?
Authors: Klock Mark S. , Mansi Sattar A. , Maxwell William F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe examine the relation between the cost of debt financing and a governance index that contains various antitakeover and shareholder protection provisions. Using firm-level data from the Investors Research Responsibility Center for the period 1990–2000, we find that antitakeover governance provisions lower the cost of debt financing. Segmenting the data into firms with the strongest management rights (strongest antitakeover provisions) and firms with the strongest shareholder rights (weakest antitakeover provisions), we find that strong antitakeover provisions are associated with a lower cost of debt financing while weak antitakeover provisions are associated with a higher cost of debt financing, with a difference of about 34 basis points between the two groups. Overall, the results suggest that antitakeover governance provisions, although not beneficial to stockholders, are viewed favorably in the bond market.