bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and smoking habits in an elderly population
Authors: Atti A.R. , Morini V. , Forlani M. , Attili T. , Moretti F. , De Ronchi D. 
Published: May 2011

Background/aimsTo describe the prevalence of drinking and smoking habits in an Italian population aged 75+.A research by “Istituto Superiore della Sanità” found that drinking alcohol involves one-third of elderly over 65 years. In Italy, smoking habit in population over 65 involves 23% of men and 11% of women.Material and methodsCross-sectional study on a population of 462 subjects from the cohort of “The Faenza Community Aging Study” (De ronchi, 2005). All participants were interviewed with CAMDEX-R (Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly - revised).Results56,7% of interviewed subjects drank alcohol (men 74.8%, women 40.8%; p< 0,005).Hundred and twentynine subjects (28,7%) were moderate drinkers (≥2 A.U./day).The 20% of the drinkers (6,2% of the total population) consumed ≥ 3 alcohol units per day. When we asked them if they consider themselves like heavy drinker, only 3,9%, (80% men) answer “yes”.The 56,9% (50,4% of the total and 58,3% women) of drinkers had symptoms of anxiety and 44,1% were affected by depression. Furthermore, among smokers the 51,1% had symptoms of anxiety and the 38% of depression.Discussion/conclusionDrinking and smoking habits are an increasing attitude in elderly. These un-healthy habits might have severe implications and aggravate the clinical conditions in otherwise frail persons. Our data suggest to general practitioners and policy makers to be aware of this problem to actively investigate drinking and smoking habits in the general population, to launch preventive campaigns and to study aversion therapy.
Effectiveness of quetiapin as monotherapy for the treatment of organic affective disorder in female patient
Authors: Bise S. , Kurtović B. , Begic D. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundQuetiapin is the only antipsychotic approved in the USA as a monotherapy for the treatment of both acute mania and depression associated with bipolar disorder.ObjectiveThe paper's objective was to research the capabilities of quetiapin in the treatment of a patient with treatment-resistant organic affective disorder.Materials and methodConsidering the existence of recommendations for introducing an atypical antipsychotic as a therapy in the treatment of unipolar depression, we will demonstrate our experience in that indication.The subject is a 69 year old patient whose mental disorders appeared for the first time two years ago. The current hospitalization occurred due to depressive and psychotic symptoms and suicidal tendencies. Since the patient had psychomotor inhibition to the point of stupor, and in order to obtain anamnestic data on cognitive disturbances, due to a diagnostic dilemma (dementia or pseudodementia within the affective disorder) the relevant diagnostics were completed: structured psychiatric interview, laboratory tests, internist examination, a brain scan, MMS test, HAM/D17, and CGI/S. Due to a poor response to the therapy and unwanted side effects of the applied drugs, the therapy was modified several times.Quetiapin was introduced to the therapy up to a dose of 400 mg/d. With the introduction of quetiapin there was a reduction in the psychopathology. Improvement was noted in cognitive and work and social functioning.ConclusionThe introduction of quetiapin as a monotherapy turned out to be effective in the treatment of therapy-resistant organic affective disorder, with good tolerability and no side effects.
Late-Onset Schizophrenia: a Case Report
Authors: Lloret M. , Harto M. , Tatay A. , Almonacid C. , Castillo A. , Calabuig R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLate-onset psychoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders whose nosology has been controversial throughout history. Several methodological limitations have made difficult the comparison among studies and, as a consequence, the research interest has been little, leading to the absence of late-onset schizophrenia and paraphrenia in current official classifications.Aims and methodologyTo highlight the specific symptoms of late-onset schizophrenia as well as its differences with other psychoses though the study of a case report.ResultsA 70-year-old woman developed psychotic symptoms during the last seven years, consisting of auditory and olfactory hallucinations, telepathic phenomena and injury delusions, erotomania and thought control, with a high level of systematization and fantasy. She was admitted in an inpatient unit. She was treated with risperidone and the psychotic symptoms got better. At the time of hospital discharge, hallucinations and delusional thoughts had disappeared and no behavioral or emotional disorder was observed. Some weeks later, risperidone had to be substituted by paliperidone due to side effects, such as tremor, sialorrhea and parkinsonism.ConclusionsLate-onset schizophrenic psychosis is not as exceptional as it has been traditionally considered. One of the main problems is that current classifications do not include specific diagnostic categories for cases of late or very-late-onset psychoses. It would be necessary that future ICD-11 and DSM-V classifications will include different-age criteria when diagnosing mental disorders.
Clustering of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus in bipolar disorder: A case-control study of chinese patients
Authors: Lee E. , Leung C.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPatients with bipolar disorder are at risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Little was known about the association of clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder and diabetes mellitus.ObjectivesInvestigate the clinical characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder and diabetes mellitus.AimsIdentify the risk factors of medical comorbidity.MethodsPatients suffering from bipolar disorder, according to DSM-IV classification, with and without diabetes mellitus were retrieved from computer database in a university teaching hospital psychiatric outpatient clinic. Patients with diabetes mellitus were compared with patients without diabetes mellitus after matching with sex and age.ResultsOne hundred and fifty patients with bipolar disorder (30 with diabetes mellitus and 120 without diabetes mellitus) were collected. All patients were Chinese and 86.7% were female. For patients with and without diabetes mellitus, the mean (SD) age were 49.9 (9.3) years and 49.4 (8.9) years respectively. Their mean (SD) duration of mental illness were 18.1 (10.9) years and 16.8 (10.6) years and the mean number of admissions were 3.4 (4.2) and 3.2 (4.3) for patients with and without diabetes mellitus respectively. The use of antipsychotics and mood stabilizer were similar between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Hypertension and dyslipidemia were statistically significant factors associated with diabetes mellitus among patients with bipolar disorder.ConclusionsHypertension and dyslipidemia are associated with diabetes mellitus among Chinese patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatrists should be alerted to screen and monitor for hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus among patients with bipolar disorder.
Epilepsy in context of acquired brain injury (ABI) in a tertiary neuropsychiatric setting
Authors: Tajer A. , Faruqui R.A. , Bonthala S. , El-Kadi K. , Shah R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionEach year around 1/10,000 of general population sustain a traumatic brain injury (7,000 individual in UK) and as a result have an increased risk of epilepsy in the long term.To the best of our knowledge there is not much literature available on incidence and prevalence of epilepsy following ABI in the group of patients who develop psychiatric presentation as a result.AimsTo ascertain the prevalence of epilepsy in a group of in-patients with neuropsychiatric presentation admitted in a tertiary Brain Injury Neuropsychiatry Centre.MethodsA cross sectional survey of healthcare records of 125 in-patients was carried out to ascertain the diagnosis of epilepsy. The current diagnosis of epilepsy and frequency of these patients’ seizures as well as history of early seizures following ABI were noted.ResultsOut of 125 patients studied, 40 (32%) were diagnosed with epilepsy at some point following their brain injury or at the time of survey. Out of these, 35 patients had active epilepsy at the time of the survey with definite seizures witnessed and documented in the in-patients notes. Fifteen patients had had seizures in early phase following their ABI and no seizures reported since.ConclusionsPatients who present with either cognitive impairment, challenging behaviour or and psychiatric illness are at a higher risk of epilepsy compared to those reported in general Brain Injury Neuro-rehabilitation setting. This could be explained by severity of ABI or the areas of brain damaged which may be involved in neuro-psychiatric presentation also causing epilepsy.
Autoantibodies reacting with vasopressin and oxytocin in relation to cortisol secretion in major depression
Authors: Garcia F.D. , Coquerel Q. , Kiive E. , Déchelotte P. , Harro J. , Fetissov S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAbnormal vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) signaling may contribute to the altered activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in major depression; the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain.ObjectiveThis study characterized plasma levels and affinities of OT-and VP-reactive autoantibodies (autoAbs) with relation to disease severity and plasma cortisol response to physical exercise in patients with mild and moderate depression and healthy controls.MethodsPhysical exercise was used to elicit plasma cortisol response in 23 male depressive and 20 healthy subjects. All subjects were evaluated by the MADRS. Plasma levels VP-and OT-reactive IgG, IgA and IgM autoAbs were measured by ELISA, before and after the exercise, and affinity was measured by plasmon resonance.ResultsPlasma levels of OT-and VP-reactive total IgG autoAbs were lower in patients with moderate depression vs. controls and patients with mild depression. Both OT- and VP- free IgG autoAbs levels were negatively correlated with MADRS scores. Affinity values displayed 100 fold variability in both groups. Patients with moderate depression displayed blunted response of cortisol secretion to physical exercise. Baseline levels of VP total IgG and IgM autoAbs correlated negatively and of VP free IgG autoAbs correlated positively with plasma cortisol after physical exercise.ConclusionThese data show that changes of levels but not affinity of OT- and VP- reactive autoantibodies can be associated with the altered mood in subjects with moderate depression and that levels of VP-reactive autoAbs are associated with cortisol secretion.
A novel mechanism of olanzapine-induced lipid accumulation
Authors: Dzitoyeva S. , Chen H. , Manev R. , Manev H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSecond generation antipsychotic drugs (SGADs) including olanzapine trigger adverse metabolic alterations possibly by a direct action on adipocytes.Objectives and aimsThe system of the inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and its activating protein (FLAP) have been implicated in lipid dysfunction in obesity. We investigated whether this system could participate in the adipogenic action of olanzapine.MethodsExperiments were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Cells were treated with olanzapine and a FLAP inhibitor MK-886. Their lipid content, 5-LOX and FLAP mRNA content, and FLAP protein content were measured.ResultsOlanzapine treatment did not affect the cell content of 5-LOX mRNA; however, it decreased FLAP mRNA content at day five but not 24 hours after olanzapine addition. The inhibitory effect of olanzapine on FLAP expression was confirmed by quantitative Western blot assays. In the absence of a FLAP inhibitor, low concentrations of olanzapine (0.5 and 5 μM) increased lipid content only by about 13% (compared to about a 56% increase induced by 50 μM olanzapine) whereas in the presence of MK-886 these concentrations of olanzapine produced lipid increases comparable to the increase caused by 50 μM. In these experimental conditions, MK-886 alone did not alter the cell content of lipids.Conclusions5-LOX system may be involved in lipid dysfunction not only in conditions of obesity but possibly in SGAD-related metabolic alterations. The known polymorphism in the genes of the human 5-LOX system could play a role in setting a variable individual susceptibility to the metabolic side effects of SGADs.
Comparison of manual and automatic methods of hippocampus segmentation
Authors: Barteček R. , van Haren N.E.M. , Koolschijn P.C.M.P. , Hulshoff Pol H.E. , Kahn R.S. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPsychiatric Patients show abnormalities in volumes of several subcortical structures. Recently wider usage of automated segmentation methods in research of these abnormalities based on MR images has become possible. However manual segmentation is still considered to be the gold standard.ObjectivesTo compare differences in hippocampus volumes between manual segmentation and 2 packages for automatic segmentation (FSL and FreeSurfer).AimTo explore the overlap and differences between different segmentation methods used for segmentation of subcortical structures.MethodsStructural MR brain scans were aquired from 98 subjects (53 schizophrenia patients, 45 controls). Volumes of left and right hippocampus were measured after manual, FreeSurfer and FSL segmentations. Differences between volumes from different methods were tested by the t-test (using R). In addition percent volume differences, Pearson correlations, Bland-Altman plots and Cronbach’s alpha were computed.ResultsBoth automatic methods yielded significantly larger hippocampal volumes than the manual segmentation. FreeSurfer volumes showed a higher correlation and lower percent volume difference with manual segmentation than FSL. Bland-Altman plots and Cronbach’s alpha showed only limited agreement between manual and both automatic methods.ConclusionsAlthough volumes acquired by FreeSurfer appeared to be more related to manual segmentation, clear superiority of either of automatic methods could not be demonstrated. Therefore, all three methods seem to measure other aspects of hippocampus volume. An useful approach would be to compare effect-size of the difference between patients and healthy controls using different segmentation methods. We are currently pursuing this in a larger sample.
Brain structural abnormalities in first episode psychosis: A multimodal analysis
Authors: Rigucci S. , Comparelli A. , De Carolis A. , Rossi-Espagnet M.C. , Ambrosi E. , Kotzalidis G. , Bozzao A. , Ferracuti S. , Girardi P. , Tatarelli R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWhite matter abnormalities play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies showed a widespread decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) in psychotic disorders.AimsTo examine white and grey matter abnormalities in first episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsWe obtained T1-weighted and DTI magnetic resonance images (1.5 T) from 8 right-handed drug-naïve FEP patients and 8 healthy controls. The DTI data set was used to calculate FA maps; we carried-out optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of grey matter (GM) and FA maps using SPM2.Patients were assessed with a neuropsychological battery comprising the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Colour Word Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and a test of Facial Affect recognition.ResultsThe voxelwise analysis showed decreased FA in the superior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi, bilaterally, and in the left uncinate fasciculus. We observed reduced GM volume in the left frontal cortex (Brodmann areas [BA] 47, 13, 11, 10, and 9) and in right frontal (BA6), temporal (BA34) and occipital (BA 18, 19, and 30) cortex.Neuropsychological assessment showed impaired executive function and deficit in facial affect recognition.ConclusionOur findings showed fronto-temporal disconnectivity in FEP and structural alterations in both cortical and subcortical regions.Neuroanatomical findings are consistent with patients’ neuropsychological performance.Further studies to establish a relationship between white and grey matter disarray on one hand and neuropsychological testing are needed.
Moral conflict and first sexual experience - case presentation
Authors: Kravic N. , Hasanovic M. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesIn our mind as well as in our body and nature nothing is happened accidentally, we can often see that there is mutual connection between them. There is a case presentation of young man age 29 with obsessive thoughts for getting fatal disease if step on junky needles which he had seen in his neighbor. It thoughts influence his all life he is avoiding to go out of his apartment, poorly sleep, he insisted to be admitted to in patient treatment because he „would probably kill himself if he had to stay there jet…” His first difficulties appeared when he was 20, after his first sexual experience which he has had with prostitute, after his friend’s birthday party. Then he obsessively started to think about getting AIDS, getting died… Four years ago he really have got malignant testicular tumor and in his 24he had passed through exhausting surgery and chemotherapy. As a child he was growing up during the war time, experienced snake bite, often tonsil infections.Now he has no job, live with parents and one year older brother, no girlfriend or other relationship. Treated with antidepressant venlafaxin, and atypical narcoleptic risperidon, with additionally used EMDR, he showed good recovery and getting into every day activities.ConclusionMoral conflict and unsolved guilty feelings lead to real illness and constant fear of fatal disease as a punishment for him.
Influence of pharmacological treatment on obsessive beliefs in the patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Selvi Y. , Besiroglu L. , Aydin A. , Atli A. , Gulec M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionCognitive models hypothesize that certain dysfunctional beliefs leading to misinterpretation of the significance of intrusions are important in the etiology and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is no consensus about which characteristics of OCD patients more likely to be associated with better treatment response.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether obsessive beliefs change over time in the OCD patients receiving Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. We also investigated the effect of change in obsessive beliefs on psychopharmacological treatment response.MethodsA sample of 75 patients with OCD were interviewed the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). To measure dysfunctional beliefs, they were administered the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) which contains three subscales; threat overestimation and responsibility, importance and control of intrusive thoughts, and perfectionism and need for certainty.ResultsThe seventy-six percent (n=57) patients completed the treatment period and they were reassessed after 12 weeks with the Y-BOCS, HDRS and OBQ-44. The mean change scores of responders for OBQ-44 Responsibility/Threat Estimation and OBQ-44 Perfectionism/Certainty were not significantly differing from those of non-responders. The mean change in responders for OBQ-44 Importance/Control of Thoughts and HDRS were significantly higher than non responders.ConclusionsOur results suggest that treatment response to pharmacotherapy in OCD is negatively associated with the obsessive beliefs about perfectionism and certainty. The alleviation of negative mood by SRIs may not allow the sufferer disengages from dysfunctional appraisals.
Changes of pain perception in subjects with differences in emotionality
Authors: Christ O. , Wolff K. , Rapp A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe association between pain and neuroticism varies from higher neuroticism values in patients with chronic pain compared to healthy subjects and lower neuroticism values in psychiatric patients with pain compared to psychiatric patients without pain (Bond, 1971; Merksey, 1972). Raselli & Broderick (2007) showed a possible influence of time (actual state and recall) and neuroticism on reporting pain in patients with chronic pain (Raselli & Broderick, 2007). Data from experimental studies are missing.ObjectiveThe goal was to test whether differences in neuroticism, measured with the Freiburg Personality Inventory N Scale (FPI-R N), effects the correlation between the reported subjective maximal pain threshold (SMPT) before and after an experimental pain study.Methods20 healthy subjects divided into a non neuroticism group (NNG with FPI-R N value < 5, N = 10) and a neuroticism group (NG with FPI-R N value > 5, N = 10) were exposed to aversive electric stimuli in different conditions in an experimental pain study. Before and after the experimental procedure SMPT was recorded (milliamperes/mA).ResultsSMPT before and after the experimental procedure correlated significantly in both groups, but with higher a correlation in the NNG (R2 = 96%) in contrast to the NG (R2 = 88%). The NG showed lower SMPTs (mean 4.5 ± 2.9 mA) than in the NNG (mean 6.6 ± 3.3 mA).ConclusionAccording to Raselli & Broderick (2007) the correlation between pre and post SMPTs in an experimental setup varies between subjects with high or low neuroticism values. Deductions and Limitations of the study are discussed.
The prevalence of unexplained chronic pain complaints in apparently healthy elderly subjects
Authors: Danoiu S. , Calarasu M.E. , Rosca R.I. , Danoiu M. , Danciulescu Miulescu R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionStudies regarding chronic pain have demonstrated that there is a high prevalence of this condition in 65 years of age and older population.Our study objectives was to assess the prevalence of chronic pain in a sample of older subjects without known or diagnosticated pathology, and without analgesic routine use. It was a preliminary step in assessing the effects of aerobic exercise on this condition (as part of a research project supported by The National Council of the Higher Education’s Scientific Research - CNCSIS).MethodsA complete anamnesis and routine laboratory was performed for each subject. Subjective tools (Faces Scale and the Visual Analog Scale) was used for assessment of pain, and two self-report measures of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Visual Analogue Scale) was used for assessment of anxiety.ResultsOf 136 subjects enrolled (Av. Age 64 ± 4) 39 subjects (28.67%) presented chronic pain. In bivariate analyses pain was associated with anxiety, negative life events, loneliness, sedentary life.DiscussionDespite the apparent health of the subjects involved in this study the prevalence of unexplained chronic pain complaints was high. It seems necessary to explore more this condition in general practice in older to highlight any specific cases, in order to reach diagnoses and to select the treatment or, considering the subjective nature of this entity and the associated features of aging in absence of any identifiable pathology, to select an appropriate intervention to improve the quality of life for this people.