bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice of the Peace Courts in the Adjudication of Property Disputes in the Ottoman Countryside (1839–1914)
Authors: Kaya Alp Yücel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article examines the institutionalization of justice of the peace courts in the 19th-century Ottoman Empire on the one hand, and on the other investigates the adjudication of property disputes in the lowest administrative units (villages and communes), within the context of establishing a regime of individual and exclusive property rights. Such an analysis historicizes the transformation that justice of the peace courts underwent in the 19th century. It therefore seeks to free these courts from being regarded as an ahistorical extrajudicial and/or judicial dispute settlement mechanism (sulh).
Insect meal as feed: discrimination of particles issued from authorised and unauthorised species using Near Infrared Microscopy (NIRM)
Authors: Anselmo A. , Veys P. , Stevens F. , Fernández Pierna J.A. , Michez D. , Baeten V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 2017, insect meals have been authorised for animal feed in the European Union, but only eight insect species can be used to produce these meals. This legislation brings with it new analytical challenges, such as the need to identify the insect species processed in the meal. This paper investigated the ability of Near Infrared Microscopy (NIRM) to discriminate meal particles from authorised insect species and differentiate them from unauthorised species. The spectral data was analysed using chemometrics, enabling the assessment of classification specificity and sensitivity for each species to be discriminated. Using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), insect species could be efficiently discriminated with specificity and sensitivity values generally above 0.90. However, the discrimination between particular species appeared more difficult. Most of the observed confusion is probably due to the chemical composition of the insects, which can be very similar between closely related species. These results were encouraging, but also indicated that the use of the NIRM technique alone in case of fraud or natural contamination should be complemented by other techniques such as RT-PCR or mass spectrometry.
Characteristics and Mechanisms of the Interannual Variability of the Northwest–Southeast Shift of the Tropical Easterly Jet’s Core in July
Authors: Liu Shihua , Huang Sihua , Tan Yanke , Wen Zhiping , Chen Xiaodan , Guo Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have pointed out that the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) core varies longitudinally or latitudinally. Whether there is a linkage between longitudinal and latitudinal variations of the TEJ core remains unclear. We found that, on the interannual time scale, the northward (southward) movement of the TEJ core is typically accompanied by a westward (eastward) shift, characterized by a noticeable northwest–southeast (NW–SE) displacement. This NW–SE shift is most evident in July. A locational index is defined to capture this shift by the difference of area-averaged 200-hPa zonal winds between the western Arabian Sea (AS) and the southern tip of the Indian Peninsula. Observations and numerical simulations demonstrated that the northwestward-shifted (southeastward-shifted) TEJ core is caused by the joint and individual influences from the enhanced (suppressed) convective activities over the eastern AS and suppressed (enhanced) convective activities over the northern Bay of Bengal–South China Sea (BOB–SCS). Enhanced (suppressed) convective activities over the eastern AS can induce upper-tropospheric divergence (convergence) and anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulations to the northwest of the convection, leading to anomalous easterly (westerly) over the western AS. The suppressed (enhanced) convective activities over the northern BOB–SCS can further facilitate the northwestward (southeastward) shift through inducing anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation centering at the BOB and the associated anomalous westerly (easterly) over the southern tip of the Indian Peninsula. The NW–SE shift of the TEJ core may have an implication for the change in the area of the intense rainfall in South Asia.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to explore the linkage between the zonal and meridional variations of the core of the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) and its underlying mechanisms. We found that the TEJ core features a pronounced northwest–southeast shift and this phenomenon only occurs in July. Thus, we defined a locational index to depict this unique characteristic and reveal its relationship with the anomalous convective activities over the eastern Arabian Sea and the northern Bay of Bengal–South China Sea. These results may help improve our understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of the variations of the TEJ core.
Impact of graphene concentration on crystallinity, rheological, and mechanical characteristics of a polypropylene copolymer
Authors: Ost Charles A , Beltrami Lilian VR , Lazzari Lídia K , Piazza Diego , Zattera Ademir J 
Published: May 2024

This study examines the impact of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the properties of a CP442XP polypropylene (PP) copolymer. GNP was added in concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% by mass, alongside a 2% flake graphite blend. An objective of this work is to prepare the material using industrial equipment. Therefore, PP/GNP composite production involved twin-screw extrusion for mixing and injection molding to produce samples. Characterization as crystallinity by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), mechanical and thermal properties, morphology and rheological properties are investigated. Results indicate that 0.5% and 1% GNP enhance PP crystallinity, due to GNP particles acting as nucleation sites. However, 2% GNP reduced crystallinity, possibly due to poor dispersion. Besides that, the PP copolymer usually starts with a better impact strength, compared to a PP homopolymer. Mechanical analysis showed that 1% GNP in PP improves elasticity but reduces impact strength at higher concentrations, indicating a stiffer polymer matrix. Rheological analysis revealed that 1% GNP in PP lowers viscosity at shear rates of 10 to 100 1/s, suggesting less energy required for polymer processing. In summary, low GNP concentrations beneficially modify the mechanical properties and rheology of PP copolymers. Some properties are possible to achieve even using standard industrial equipment.
CAD-Related Disorder (EIEE-50) in an Infant With Cortical Visual Impairment
Authors: Thurman Sarah , Fischer Callie , Guerin Julie , Gavrilova Ralitza , Brodsky Michael 
Published: May 2024

Purpose To document the association of CAD-related disorder (EIEE-50) with cortical visual impairment. Observations An 8-month-old Caucasian boy with whole genome sequencing confirming 2 variants in the gene CAD, who presented with severe seizures, microcephaly, hyperreflexia, hypotonia, anemia, and severe cortical visual impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain noted thickened cortical gray matter along the right calcarine fissure as well as changes suggesting malformation of cortical development. Empiric uridine monophosphate supplementation has significantly improved seizure activity, hypotonia, and development and has led to resolution of anemia. Conclusions and Importance CAD-related disorder is treatable and may affect visual cortical development causing severe secondary cortical visual impairment, a newly described clinical manifestation.
Analysis of single-point warm incremental forming for glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 sheets: Experimentation and simulation
Authors: Mirnia Kalaei Seyed Milad , Razbin Milad , Emami Mohammad , Gholami Mohammad Reza , Salehian Mortaza , Biglari Farid Reza 
Published: May 2024

The single-point warm incremental forming (SPWIF) methodology significantly enhances the formability of composite materials, enabling precise and efficient shaping of complex geometries. This research investigates the impact of several design parameters such as fiber weight fraction (0%, 20%, 30% by weight), process temperature (80°C, 120°C, 180°C), step size (0.25 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.75 mm), and fiber orientation (0°, 22.5°, 45°) on the formability of glass fiber-reinforced polyamide six sheets. Employing the Taguchi design of experiments methodology, a systematic study was undertaken. The sample with a 20% fiber weight fraction, 80°C process temperature, 0.50 mm step size, and 0° fiber orientation showed the greatest forming depth at 5.5 mm. Additionally, the study highlighted the predominant influence of fiber weight fraction on forming depth, attributing a significant contribution percentage of 58.75% to forming depth. Moreover, a numerical analysis, encompassing the homogenization of the composite sheet and simulation of the SPWIF process, was conducted. The findings revealed a consistent trend for both experimental and numerical results. For depth analysis, the thickness distribution was simulated, aligning with the observed experimental trends. This demonstrates the reliability of the numerical results. This research not only provides a detailed analysis of the SPWIF process in shaping composite sheets but also serves as a valuable resource for scholars engaging in numerical analyses within this domain.
Evaluation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Frequency, course, and associated risk factors
Authors: Neufeld Kate M. , Moaf Paris , Quilter Michelle , Danguecan Ashley N. , Couture Julie , Dominguez Daniela , Hendrikx Olivia , Ng Lawrence , Schachter Reva , Korczak Daphne D. , Levy Deborah M. , Hiraki Linda , Knight Andrea M. 
Published: May 2024

Background Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), yet their etiology and course remain unclear. We investigated the frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms longitudinally in youth with cSLE, and associated socio-demographic and disease factors. Methods Participants 8-18 years with cSLE completed baseline measures [demographic questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), and psychiatric interview] and follow-up measures (CES-DC and SCARED) > 6 months later. Prevalence of clinically significant depressive (score >15 on CES-DC) or anxiety symptoms (score ≥25 on SCARED) was calculated at baseline and follow-up. Baseline psychiatric interview diagnoses were tabulated. Relationships between socio-demographics (neighborhood-level material deprivation, ethnic concentration, adverse childhood event history, psychiatric condition in a first-degree relative), disease-related factors (disease duration, major organ disease, disease activity, glucocorticoid use, comorbid medical condition) and baseline depressive and anxiety scores, were examined in linear regression models. Factors with univariate associations with p < 0.2 were included in multivariable adjusted models. Results At baseline, of 51 participants with a mean disease duration of 4.3 years (SD 2.7), 35% ( n = 18) and 35% ( n = 18) had clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Anxiety disorder was diagnosed by psychiatric interview in 14% ( n = 7), depressive disorders in 6% ( n = 3), and post-traumatic stress disorder in 4% ( n = 2). Adverse childhood events and first-degree relative with psychiatric condition were present in 40% ( n = 20) and 37% ( n = 18), respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, baseline depressive symptoms were positively correlated with neighbourhood-level material deprivation (β = 4.2, 95% CI [1.0, 7.3], p = 0.01) and psychiatric condition in a first-degree relative (β = 7.3, 95% CI [2.2, 12.4], p = 0.006). No associations were found between baseline anxiety scores and patient factors. At a median follow-up of 13.5 months (IQR 10.5, 18) for CES-DC ( n = 34) and SCARED ( n = 44), depressive and anxiety symptoms were persistent (18%, n = 6; 16%, n = 7), and newly present (24%, n = 8; 16% n = 7) at follow-up. Conclusion In this sample, depressive and anxiety symptoms were prevalent and persistent. Depressive symptoms correlated with neighborhood-level material deprivation, and family psychiatric history. These findings support routine psychosocial assessment in cSLE, and provision of appropriate resources.
Efficient designs for three-sequence stepped wedge trials with continuous recruitment
Authors: Hooper Richard , Quintin Olivier , Kasza Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims: The standard approach to designing stepped wedge trials that recruit participants in a continuous stream is to divide time into periods of equal length. But the choice of design in such cases is infinitely more flexible: each cluster could cross from the control to the intervention at any point on the continuous time-scale. We consider the case of a stepped wedge design with clusters randomised to just three sequences (designs with small numbers of sequences may be preferred for their simplicity and practicality) and investigate the choice of design that minimises the variance of the treatment effect estimator under different assumptions about the intra-cluster correlation. Methods: We make some simplifying assumptions in order to calculate the variance: in particular that we recruit the same number of participants, [Formula: see text], from each cluster over the course of the trial, and that participants present at regularly spaced intervals. We consider an intra-cluster correlation that decays exponentially with separation in time between the presentation of two individuals from the same cluster, from a value of [Formula: see text] for two individuals who present at the same time, to a value of [Formula: see text] for individuals presenting at the start and end of the trial recruitment interval. We restrict attention to three-sequence designs with centrosymmetry – the property that if we reverse time and swap the intervention and control conditions then the design looks the same. We obtain an expression for the variance of the treatment effect estimator adjusted for effects of time, using methods for generalised least squares estimation, and we evaluate this expression numerically for different designs, and for different parameter values. Results: There is a two-dimensional space of possible three-sequence, centrosymmetric stepped wedge designs with continuous recruitment. The variance of the treatment effect estimator for given [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be plotted as a contour map over this space. The shape of this variance surface depends on [Formula: see text] and on the parameter [Formula: see text], but typically indicates a broad, flat region of close-to-optimal designs. The ‘standard’ design with equally spaced periods and 1:1:1 allocation rarely performs well, however. Conclusions: In many different settings, a relatively simple design can be found (e.g. one based on simple fractions) that offers close-to-optimal efficiency in that setting. There may also be designs that are robustly efficient over a wide range of settings. Contour maps of the kind we illustrate can help guide this choice. If efficiency is offered as one of the justifications for using a stepped wedge design, then it is worth designing with optimal efficiency in mind.
Using mHealth to reduce disparities in Black maternal health: Perspectives from Black rural postpartum mothers
Authors: Hernandez-Green Natalie , Davis Morgan V , Farinu Oluyemi , Hernandez-Spalding Kaitlyn , Lewis Kennedy , Beshara Merna S , Francis Sherilyn , Baker LeThenia Joy , Byrd Sherrell , Parker Andrea , Chandler Rasheeta 
Published: May 2024

Background: Racial disparities are evident in maternal morbidity and mortality rates globally. Black women are more likely to die from pregnancy and childbirth than any other race or ethnicity. This leaves one of the largest gaps in women’s health to date. Objectives: mHealth interventions that connect with women soon after discharge may assist in individualizing and formalizing support for mothers in the early postpartum period. To aid in developing an mHealth application, Black postpartum mothers’ perspectives were examined. Design: Utilizing the Sojourner Syndrome Framework and Maternal Mortality & Morbidity Measurement Framework, group interview discussion guides were developed to examine the facilitators and barriers of postpartum transitional care for rural Black women living in the United States to inform the development of a mobile health application. Methods: In this study, seven group interviews were held with Black mothers, their support persons, and healthcare providers in rural Georgia to aid in the development of the Prevent Maternal Mortality Using Mobile Technology (PM3) mobile health (mHealth) application. Group interviews included questions about (1) post-birth experiences; (2) specific needs (e.g. clinical, social support, social services, etc.) in the postpartum period; (3) perspectives on current hospital discharge processes and information; (4) lived experiences with racism, classism, and/or gender discrimination; and (5) desired features and characteristics for the mobile app development. Results: Fourteen out of the 78 screened participants were eligible and completed the group interview. Major discussion themes included: accessibility to healthcare and resources due to rurality, issues surrounding race and perceived racism, mental and emotional well-being in the postpartum period, and perspectives on the PM3 mobile application. Conclusion: Participants emphasized the challenges that postpartum Black women face in relation to accessibility, racism and discrimination, and mental health. The women favored a culturally relevant mHealth tool and highlighted the need to tailor the application to address disparities.
Massive open online course on breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Lozada-Tequeanes Ana Lilia , Rosas Magallanes Cynthia , Spielman Kathryn L. , Bonvecchio Arenas Anabelle 
Published: May 2024

Background: COVID-19 virus was reported to be transmitted through breastfeeding (BF), creating the need for rapidly available, standardized information and training for health personnel and the community about BF as an urgent action to reduce misinformation and unethical promotion of breast milk substitutes (BMS). In Mexico, a massive open online course (MOOC) was designed and implemented to protect, promote and support BF in emergency contexts. Methods: MOOC registration consisted of collection of quantitative data regarding participant characteristics, MOOC coverage, scores achieved and completion rates. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to relate the absolute and relative skills earned in the MOOC to participant characteristics. In addition, factors associated with completion rate and dissemination of information from the MOOC were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and presented as odds ratios. Results: During a period of 19 months, 52,426 participants across the country, including health personnel and general population, entered the Cursos en Linea del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CLIMSS) platform, of which 50.5% completed the MOOC. The level of participation was maintained from January 2021 to early 2022 when the perception of the risk of getting sick from COVID-19 and quarantining decreased. In adjusted analysis, completion rate was associated with being older or belonging to a health institution; furthermore, residing in the north of the country doubled the odds of completing the MOOC (odds ratio 2.24; 95% confidence interval 1.95–2.56). Conclusions: A MOOC can be a useful training strategy to disseminate information, especially in emergencies where physical distancing is important and reaching the largest possible population is required.
Combination of TPLO, medial and lateral augmentation techniques for the treatment of traumatic stifle luxation in a cat
Authors: Bartolomé i Gadea Paula , Coppola Mario 
Published: May 2024

Case summary An 11-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for surgical management of a traumatic right stifle luxation. Orthopaedic examination of the affected stifle under general anaesthesia revealed joint effusion and craniocaudal and rotational instability. Cranial displacement of the tibia with respect to the femur and infrapatellar pad sign were identified on radiography. Intraoperatively, complete rupture of both cruciate ligaments and marked disruption of the mid and caudal poles of the medial and lateral menisci were observed. Both collateral ligaments appeared intact. The remnants of the injured cruciate ligaments were removed, and medial and lateral caudal hemimeniscectomies were performed. A tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) was performed to address the craniocaudal stifle instability. Intraoperative assessment of the stifle revealed persistent instability with cranial tibial translation, internal and external rotation, and a positive caudal draw test. A lateral augmentation suture was employed to address the persistent cranial tibial translation and internal rotation. To successfully neutralise caudocranial and external rotational instability secondary to the caudal cruciate ligament deficiency, a medial augmentation suture was placed with the aid of three interference screws. Stifle stability was achieved. A modified Robert-Jones bandage was kept on for 24 h postoperatively. An excellent outcome was achieved, with successful limb function restoration. Relevance and novel information This case report represents the first documented instance of feline traumatic stifle luxation repair by combining a corrective tibial osteotomy and extra-articular augmentation. Notably, it introduces the novel technique of implementing a TPLO with medial and lateral augmentation sutures to address multidirectional stifle instability.