bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical decision support systems in the care of inpatients with diabetes in non‐critical care setting: systematic review
Authors: Nirantharakumar K. , Chen Y. F. , Marshall T. , Webber J. , Coleman J. J. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 698–708 (2012)AbstractBackground  Computerized clinical decision support systems have been claimed to reduce prescription errors and improve patient care. They may play an important role in the care of hospitalized patients with diabetes.Aim  To collate evidence for the use of clinical decision support systems in improving the care of hospitalized patients with diabetes in a non‐critical care setting and to assess their effectiveness.Methods  We searched four databases from 1980 to 2010 without language restrictions. All types of studies other than case reports were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were carried out based on the Centre for Review and Dissemination guidance. A narrative synthesis was conducted.Results  Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including two cluster randomized controlled trials, eight before‐and‐after studies and four other descriptive studies. Generally, the quality of the studies was not very high. Nine out of 10 studies reported reduction in mean blood glucose or similar measures (patient‐day‐weighted mean blood glucose) during inpatient stay. The reduction using computerized physician order entry system in patient‐day‐weighted mean blood glucose ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 mmol/l (10.8–15.6 mg/dl). Other beneficial effects during inpatient stay included reduced use of sliding scale insulin and greater use of basal–bolus insulin regimen. Only one study found a significant increase in hypoglycaemic events.Conclusions  Clinical decision support systems have been used, often as part of a complex programme, to improve the care of hospitalized patients with diabetes. There is some evidence that they may have a beneficial effect, but this needs further confirmation.
The relationship between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose in patients with increased plasma liver enzyme measurements
Authors: Christiansen R. , Melholt Rasmussen L. , Nybo H. , Steenstrup T. , Nybo M. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 742–747 (2012)AbstractBackground  HbA1c is currently being introduced for diagnostic purpose in diabetes. Previous studies have, however, indicated that patients with liver disease have false low HbA1c levels. We therefore investigated the correlation between HbA1c and plasma glucose in patients with different levels of increased liver enzyme concentrations.Methods  Data from 10 065 patients with simultaneous measurement of HbA1c, venous fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase and γ‐glutamyl transferase were extracted from our laboratory database. Correlations were investigated in four patient groups divided according to their liver enzyme concentrations.Results  The correlation between HbA1c and plasma glucose was high in all groups, with r = 0.77 for men and r = 0.78 for women (P < 0.001), a correlation confirmed with multiple regression analysis (P < 0.001). However, interaction analysis revealed that linear regression lines were significantly different for men and women, with increase of both liver enzyme measurements and also, for women, with increased alanine aminotransferase. When compared with biological variation for HbA1c, only men with increased measurements of both liver enzymes had a clinically important decrease in HbA1c.Conclusions  Increased liver enzyme concentrations do not bias the correlation between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose. However, men with low plasma glucose and increased concentrations of both liver enzymes do have a slightly decreased HbA1c and, if the clinical suspicion is strong enough, one should consider supplement testing.
Association between age, IL‐10, IFNγ, stimulated C‐peptide and disease progression in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kaas A. , Pfleger C. , Kharagjitsingh A. V. , Schloot N. C. , Hansen L. , Buschard K. , Koeleman B. P. C. , Roep B. O. , Mortensen H. B. , Alizadeh B. Z. ,   on behalf of the Hvidoere Study Group on Childhood Diabetes
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 734–741 (2012)AbstractAims  The relation of disease progression and age, serum interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) and their genetic correlates were studied in paediatric patients with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.Methods  Two hundred and twenty‐seven patients from the Hvidoere Study Group were classified in four different progression groups as assessed by change in stimulated C‐peptide from 1 to 6 months. CA repeat variants of the IL‐10 and IFNγ gene were genotyped and serum levels of IL‐10 and IFNγ were measured at 1, 6 and 12 months.Results  IL‐10 decreased (P < 0.001) by 7.7% (1 month), 10.4% (6 months) and 8.6% (12 months) per year increase in age of child, while a twofold higher C‐peptide concentration at 1 month (p = 0.06), 6 months (P = 0.0003) and 12 months (P = 0.02) was associated with 9.7%, 18.6% and 9.7% lower IL‐10 levels, independent of each other. IL‐10 concentrations did not associate with the disease progression groups. By contrast, IFNγ concentrations differed between the four progression groups at 6 and 12 months (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively); patients with rapid progressing disease had the highest levels at both time points. Distribution of IL‐10 and IFNγ genotypes was equal among patients from the progression groups.Conclusion  IL‐10 serum levels associate inversely with age and C‐peptide. As age and C‐peptide also associate, a triangular association is proposed. Genetic influence on IL‐10 production seems to be masked by distinct disease mechanisms. Increased serum IFNγ concentrations associate with rapid disease progression. Functional genetic variants do not associate with a single progression pattern group, implying that disease processes override genetically predisposed cytokine production.
Improved health status with insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine in people with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Home P. D. , Meneghini L. , Wendisch U. , Ratner R. E. , Johansen T. , Christensen T. E. , Jendle J. , Roberts A. P. , Birkeland K. I. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 716–720 (2012)AbstractAims  The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec (degludec), a new‐generation ultra‐long‐acting basal insulin, was compared with insulin glargine (glargine) in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a 16‐week, open‐label, randomized trial. Health status, an important aspect of effective diabetes management, was also assessed.Methods  Degludec (n = 59) or glargine (n = 59) were injected once daily, with insulin aspart at mealtimes. Health status assessment utilized the validated Short Form 36 Health Survey, version 2, which has two summary component scores for mental and physical well‐being, each comprising four domains.Results  At study end, HbA1c reductions were comparable between groups, but confirmed nocturnal hypoglycaemia was significantly less frequent with degludec [relative rate 0.42 (95% CI 0.25–0.69)], and overall hypoglycaemia numerically less frequent [relative rate 0.72 (95% CI 0.52–1.00)]. After 16 weeks, a significant improvement in Short Form 36 Health Survey mental component score of +3.01 (95% CI 0.32–5.70) was obtained for degludec against glargine, attributable to significant differences in the social functioning [+8.04 (95% CI 1.89–14.18)] and mental health domains [+2.46 (95% CI 0.10–4.82)]. For mental component score, Cohen’s effect size was 0.42, indicating a small‐to‐medium clinically meaningful difference. The physical component score [+0.66 (95% CI –2.30 to 3.62)] and remaining domains were not significantly different between degludec and glargine.Conclusions  In the context of comparable overall glycaemic control with glargine, degludec improved mental well‐being as measured using the mental component score of the Short Form 36 Health Survey. The improvements in overall mental component score and the underlying social functioning and mental health domains with degludec compared with glargine may relate to the observed reduction in hypoglycaemic events.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parlea L. , Bromberg I. L. , Feig D. S. , Vieth R. , Merman E. , Lipscombe L. L. 
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, e25–e32 (2012)AbstractAims  There is emerging evidence of a relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and glucose intolerance. The aim of this study was to determine whether low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods  This nested case–control study examined the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and risk of gestational diabetes within a cohort of pregnant women from March 2008 to December 2009, who had undergone antenatal screening between 15 and 18 weeks gestation and subsequent glucose tolerance testing. Cases were women diagnosed with gestational diabetes and each case was matched to up to two controls without gestational diabetes on age, race and date of blood collection. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was measured from stored antenatal screening samples and compared between cases and controls.Results  Of the 116 women with gestational diabetes and 219 control subjects studied, the average age was 34.3 years and 41% were of non‐Caucasian race. Women with gestational diabetes had significantly lower serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D compared with control subjects (56.3 vs. 62.0 nmol/l, P = 0.018). After adjusting for gestational age and maternal weight, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D below the top quartile (< 73.5 nmol/l) was associated with a twofold greater likelihood of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval 1.19–4.13).Conclusions  Lower vitamin D status in early pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of subsequent gestational diabetes that was independent of race, age, season and maternal weight. This study suggests that vitamin D may influence glucose tolerance during pregnancy and provides support for studies of vitamin D as a potential intervention to prevent gestational diabetes.
Associations of serum vitamin D concentrations with obstetric glucose metabolism in a subset of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study cohort
Authors: McLeod D. S. A. , Warner J. V. , Henman M. , Cowley D. , Gibbons K. , McIntyre H. D. ,   for the HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group
Published: December 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, e199–e204 (2012)AbstractAims  To assess associations between maternal serum vitamin D concentration and glucose metabolism in a cohort of pregnant women living in an Australian subtropical environment.Methods  Cross‐sectional assessment of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D concentrations in 399 Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ancillary study participants, treated at an obstetric teaching hospital in Brisbane, Australia. All patients underwent a blinded 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–32 (target 28) weeks’ gestation.Results  The mean (± standard deviation) fasting plasma glucose was 4.5 ± 0.4 mmol/l. Mean (± standard deviation) serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D was 132.5 ± 44.0 nmol/l. A difference of one standard deviation in maternal 25‐hydroxy vitamin D was inversely related to fasting glucose (fasting glucose lower by 0.047 mmol/l, P = 0.012) when assessed with multiple linear regression after adjusting for confounders. Maternal 25‐hydroxy vitamin D correlated with β‐cell function as estimated by the log‐transformed homeostasis model assessment–β‐cell function equation (r = 0.131, P = 0.009), but not with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.Conclusions  An association between mid‐gestational 25‐hydroxy vitamin D and fasting glucose was confirmed in a largely normoglycaemic and vitamin D‐replete pregnant population. The correlation between 25‐hydroxy vitamin D and β‐cell function suggests that vitamin D may influence glucose metabolism through this mechanism. Intervention studies are required to determine causality and the role of vitamin D replacement in deficient individuals.
Scenarios for investigating risks to biodiversity
Authors: Spangenberg Joachim H. , Bondeau Alberte , Carter Timothy R. , Fronzek Stefan , Jaeger Jill , Jylhä Kirsti , Kühn Ingolf , Omann Ines , Paul Alex , Reginster Isabelle , Rounsevell Mark , Schweiger Oliver , Stocker Andrea , Sykes Martin T. , Settele Josef 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAim  This paper describes a set of integrative scenarios developed in the ALARM (Assessing LArge‐scale environmental Risks for biodiversity with tested Methods) project. The ultimate aim of ALARM was to develop and test methods and protocols for the assessment of large‐scale environmental risks to biodiversity and to evaluate mitigation options. Scenarios provide a tool for exploring such risks and the policy options to mitigate them; therefore they play a central role within the ALARM project.Methods  Three integrative scenarios (liberalization, business as might be usual, sustainability) were developed and illustrated using the econometric model described in a subsequent paper. They are contextualized with projections from climate models and provide the input for model‐based assessments of biodiversity trends. Additionally, three shock scenarios were developed (Gulf Stream collapse, peak oil, pandemic) to demonstrate the limits of linear extrapolation. As these extend beyond model capabilities, they are discussed semi‐quantitatively based on modelling insights.Results  Although the policy impacts on biodiversity are different for different pressures, biomes and species groups, some general trends could be identified. An extension of current EU policies will act as a brake on current trends by slowing down the loss of biodiversity in many cases and in most biomes, but it will be capable of neither halting nor of reversing the loss. Liberalization has the effect of accelerating biodiversity loss across the board, with few exceptions. A coherent sustainability scenario is clearly the most effective at preserving biodiversity, but the variant tested here still does not halt losses in all cases.Main conclusions  Current EU policies for protecting biodiversity appear to be insufficient to reverse ongoing losses. Coherent sustainability strategies are effective at conserving biodiversity, but in order to assess losses and then reverse them, measures would need to be introduced that extend beyond the steps tested in the ALARM sustainability scenario.
Representing two centuries of past and future climate for assessing risks to biodiversity in Europe
Authors: Fronzek Stefan , Carter Timothy R. , Jylhä Kirsti 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTAim  Environmental changes may have important implications for biodiversity in Europe. This study aimed to provide quantification of changes in regional climate during the 20th century and provide scenarios of future changes in CO2 concentration and climate for the 21st century as an input to models used to study risks to biodiversity in the EU‐funded ALARM project.Location  Europe.Methods  Monthly time series of eight climate variables (maximum, mean and minimum temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, humidity, growing degree days and evapotranspiration) interpolated to a regular 10′ grid, and of global atmospheric CO2 concentration were constructed for the period 1901–2100. These combine observations from the 20th century with model projections for the 21st century. Projections were selected to capture a range of both climate model and SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) emissions uncertainties.Results  Averaged over Europe, the scenarios describe changes in mean annual temperature by the end of the 21st century relative to 1961–90 that range between 3.0 and 6.1 °C. Annual precipitation is projected to increase in northern Europe (+5 to +13%) and decrease in southern Europe (−17 to −7%). An additional scenario describing the collapse of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation exhibits a sharp cooling over much of Europe and a drying in most seasons.Main conclusions  The climate scenarios presented are consistent with socio‐economic storylines developed in parallel, and include a high‐emissions case, CO2 stabilization and a high‐impact ‘surprise’ scenario, involving the collapse of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. They embrace a number of key climate and related variables required for studying the impacts of climate change, offer continental coverage and capture a range of uncertainties in future European climate that are also consistent with the most recent climate projections assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The scenarios have already been applied in numerous studies of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity, some reported in this special issue.
Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in the adult population of Spain, 2008–2010: the ENRICA study
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Fisac J. L. , Guallar‐Castillón P. , León‐Muñoz L. M. , Graciani A. , Banegas J. R. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo F. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis is the first study to report the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity (AO) in the adult population of Spain based on measurements of weight, height and waist circumference. The data are taken from the ENRICA study, a cross‐sectional study carried out between June 2008 and October 2010 in 12,883 individuals representative of the non‐institutionalized population on Spain aged 18 years and older. Anthropometry was performed under standardized conditions in the households by trained interviewers. Overweight was considered as body mass index (BMI) 25–29.9 kg m−2, and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2. AO was defined as waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. The prevalence of obesity was 22.9% (24.4% in men and 21.4% in women). About 36% of adults had AO (32% of men and 39% of women). The frequency of obesity and of AO increased with age and affected, respectively, 35 and 62% of persons aged 65 and over. The frequency of obesity and AO decreased with increasing educational level. For example, 29% of women with primary education or less had obesity vs. only 11% of those with university studies. The prevalence of obesity was very high in the Canary Islands and in the south of Spain.
Beyond Catmull–Clark? A Survey of Advances in Subdivision Surface Methods
Authors: Cashman Thomas J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSubdivision surfaces allow smooth free‐form surface modelling without topological constraints. They have become a fundamental representation for smooth geometry, particularly in the animation and entertainment industries. This survey summarizes research on subdivision surfaces over the last 15 years in three major strands: analysis, integration into existing systems and the development of new schemes. We also examine the reason for the low adoption of new schemes with theoretical advantages, explain why Catmull–Clark surfaces have become a de facto standard in geometric modelling, and conclude by identifying directions for future research.
How does it feel? Workplace bullying, emotions and musculoskeletal complaints
Authors: VIE TINA LØKKE , GLASØ LARS , EINARSEN STÅLE 
Published: December 2011

Vie, T. L., Glasø, L. & Einarsen, S. (2012). How does it feel? Workplace bullying, emotions and musculoskeletal complaints.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology53, 165–173.The present study examines experienced emotions among self‐labelled victims of ongoing workplace bullying and tests whether emotions mediate the relationship between exposure to bullying and health in the form of musculoskeletal complaints. A total of 1,024 employees from a Norwegian public transport company participated in the study, in which 116 self‐labelled victims were identified. Ten positive and 10 negative emotions were measured (PANAS). The results showed significant differences in emotional experiences between victims and non‐victims regarding all 10 negative emotions and one out of 10 positive emotions. Victims felt less “interested” and more “afraid,”“upset,”“angry,”“guilty,”“nervous,”“hostile,”“frustrated,”“ashamed,”“scared” and “stressed” than did non‐victims. Further, the results pointed to both positive and negative emotions as mediators of the relationship between exposure to bullying and musculoskeletal complaints. In particular the negative emotion “stress” acted as a significant mediator regarding this relationship. Hence, emotions seem to be central to understanding the detrimental effects of bullying on the victims’ health.
Boat race: rhythm and the possibility of collective performance1
Authors: King Anthony , de Rond Mark 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMany sociologists have observed the close connection between coordination and rhythm. In order to accomplish a communal task, participants need to develop a common rhythm if they are to coordinate their actions. Indeed, the harder the collective task, the more critical – but difficult – it is for participants to develop a common rhythm in order to synchronize their actions. Rhythm is thus an important and recurrent feature of social performance. This article explores the ways in which participants try to generate common rhythm in order to execute collective performances. To this end, the paper takes a single sporting example. It examines a decisive period in the 153rd Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race in 2007 to examine how a small social group, the Cambridge crew, struggled to create and maintain a rhythm in order to maximize their rowing performance.
Ilya Neustadt, Norbert Elias, and the Leicester Department: personal correspondence and the history of sociology in Britain
Authors: Goodwin John , Hughes Jason 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe central aims of this paper are: (1) to explore the utility of using personal correspondence as a source of data for sociological investigations into the history of sociology in the UK; (2) in relation to this undertaking, to advance the beginnings of a figurational analysis of epistolary forms; and (3), to provide an empirically‐grounded discussion of the historical significance of the Department of Sociology at the University of Leicester (a University largely ignored in ‘standard histories’ of the subject) at a formative phase in the development of the discipline within the UK. The correspondence drawn upon in the paper is between Norbert Elias and Ilya Neustadt between 1962 and 1964 when Elias was Professor of Sociology at the University of Ghana and Ilya Neustadt was Professor of Sociology and Head of the Sociology Department at the University of Leicester. From an analysis of this correspondence, we elucidate an emergent dynamic to the relationship between Neustadt and Elias, one which, we argue, undergirds the development of sociology at Leicester and the distinctive character of the intellectual climate that prevailed there during the 1960s. The paper concludes with a consideration of whether it was a collapse of this dynamic that led to a total breakdown in the relationship between Neustadt and Elias, and by extension, an important phase in the expansion of sociology at Leicester.