bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmonella‐mediated tumor‐targeting TRAIL gene therapy significantly suppresses melanoma growth in mouse model
Authors: Chen Jianxiang , Yang Bingya , Cheng Xiawei , Qiao Yiting , Tang Bo , Chen Guo , Wei Jing , Liu Xiufeng , Cheng Wei , Du Pan , Huang Xiaofeng , Jiang Wenhui , Hu Qingang , Hu Yiqiao , Li Jiahuang , Hua Zi‐Chun 
Published: November 2011

Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) strains can selectively grow and express exogenous genes in tumors for targeted therapy. We engineered S. typhimurium strain VNP20009 to secrete tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) under the control of a hypoxia‐induced nirB promoter and examined the efficacy of Salmonella‐mediated targeted expression of TRAIL in mice bearing melanoma tumor and in TRAIL‐resistant RM‐1 tumor. We found that VNP preferentially accumulated in tumor tissues and the nirB promoter effectively drove targeted expression of TRAIL. Compared with recombinant TRAIL protein and VNP20009 combination therapy, VNP20009 expressing TRAIL significantly suppressed melanoma growth but failed to suppress RM‐1 tumor growth. Furthermore, we confirmed that VNP20009 expressing TRAIL yielded its antitumor effect by inducing melanoma apoptosis. Our findings indicate that Salmonella‐mediated tumor‐targeted therapy with TRAIL could reduce tumor growth and extend host survival. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 325–333)
Characterization of the PilN, PilO and PilP type IVa pilus subcomplex
Authors: Tammam S. , Sampaleanu L. M. , Koo J. , Sundaram P. , Ayers M. , Andrew Chong P. , Forman‐Kay J. D. , Burrows L. L. , Howell P. L. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryType IVa pili are bacterial nanomachines required for colonization of surfaces, but little is known about the organization of proteins in this system. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilMNOPQ operon encodes five key members of the transenvelope complex facilitating pilus function. While PilQ forms the outer membrane secretin pore, the functions of the inner membrane‐associated proteins PilM/N/O/P are less well defined. Structural characterization of a stable C‐terminal fragment of PilP (PilPΔ71) by NMR revealed a modified β‐sandwich fold, similar to that of Neisseria meningitidis PilP, although complementation experiments showed that the two proteins are not interchangeable likely due to divergent surface properties. PilP is an inner membrane putative lipoprotein, but mutagenesis of the putative lipobox had no effect on the localization and function of PilP. A larger fragment, PilPΔ18‐6His, co‐purified with a PilNΔ44/PilOΔ51 heterodimer as a stable complex that eluted from a size exclusion chromatography column as a single peak with a molecular weight equivalent to two heterotrimers with 1:1:1 stoichiometry. Although PilO forms both homodimers and PilN–PilO heterodimers, PilPΔ18‐6His did not interact stably with PilOΔ51 alone. Together these data demonstrate that PilN/PilO/PilP interact directly to form a stable heterotrimeric complex, explaining the dispensability of PilP's lipid anchor for localization and function.
Helicobacter pylori cholesteryl glucosides interfere with host membrane phase and affect type IV secretion system function during infection in AGS cells
Authors: Wang Hung‐Jung , Cheng Wen‐Chi , Cheng Hsin‐Hung , Lai Chih‐Ho , Wang Wen‐Ching 
Published: November 2011

SummaryHelicobacter pylori infection is an aetiological cause of gastric disorders worldwide. H. pylori has been shown to assimilate and convert host cholesterol into cholesteryl glucosides (CGs) by cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase encoded by capJ. Here, we show that CapJ‐deficient (ΔcapJ) H. pylori resulted in greatly reduced type IV secretion system (TFSS)‐associated activities, including the hummingbird phenotype of AGS cells, IL‐8 production, CagA translocation/phosphorylation and CagA‐mediated signalling events. Complementation of the ΔcapJ mutation with wild type cagJ or by adding CGs‐containing lysates or exogenous fluorophore‐tagged CGs reversed the mutant phenotypes. We also show that the wild‐type but not ΔcapJ H. pylori recruited raft‐associated components to sites of bacterial attachment. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of AGS cells treated with fluorescence‐tagged cholesterol/CGs revealed that there was a higher proportion of CGs associated with immobile fractions. CGs‐associated membranes were also more resistant to a cold detergent extraction. Thus, we propose that CGs synthesized by H. pylori around host‐pathogen contact sites partition in detergent‐resistant membranes (DRMs), alters lateral‐phase segregation in membrane and reorganizes membrane architecture. These processes together promote the formation of a functional TFSS and H. pylori infection.
Behavioral Versus Drug Treatment for Overactive Bladder in Men: The Male Overactive Bladder Treatment in Veterans (MOTIVE) Trial
Authors: Burgio Kathryn L. , Goode Patricia S. , Johnson Theodore M. , Hammontree Lee , Ouslander Joseph G. , Markland Alayne D. , Colli Janet , Vaughan Camille P. , Redden David T. 
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of behavioral treatment with that of antimuscarinic therapy in men without bladder outlet obstruction who continue to have overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms with alpha‐blocker therapy.DesignThe Male Overactive Bladder Treatment in Veterans (MOTIVE) Trial was a two‐site randomized, controlled, equivalence trial with 4‐week alpha‐blocker run‐in.SettingVeterans Affairs Medical Center outpatient clinics.ParticipantsVolunteer sample of 143 men aged 42 to 88 who continued to have urgency and more than eight voids per day, with or without incontinence, after run‐in.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to 8 weeks of behavioral treatment (pelvic floor muscle exercises, urge suppression techniques, delayed voiding) or drug therapy (individually titrated, extended‐release oxybutynin, 5–30 mg/d).MeasurementsSeven‐day bladder diaries and a validated urgency scale were used to calculate changes in 24‐hour voiding frequency, nocturia, urgency, and incontinence. Secondary outcomes were global patient ratings and American Urological Association Symptom Index.ResultsMean voids per day decreased from 11.3 to 9.1 (−18.8%) with behavioral treatment and 11.5 to 9.5 (−16.9%) with drug therapy. Equivalence analysis indicated that posttreatment means were equivalent (P < .01). After treatment, 85% of participants rated themselves as much better or better; more than 90% were completely or somewhat satisfied, with no between‐group differences. The behavioral group showed greater reductions in nocturia (mean = −0.70 vs −0.32 episodes/night; P = .05). The drug group showed greater reductions in maximum urgency scores (mean = −0.44 vs −0.12; P = .02). Other between‐group differences were nonsignificant.ConclusionBehavioral and antimuscarinic therapy are effective when added to alpha‐blocker therapy for OAB in men without outlet obstruction. Behavioral treatment is at least as effective as antimuscarinic therapy.
Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Its Relationship to Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hip Fracture
Authors: Sieber Frederick E. , Mears Simon , Lee Hochang , Gottschalk Allan 
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between opioid consumption and cognitive impairment after hip fracture repair.DesignProspective study of consecutive patients.SettingJohns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsTwo hundred thirty‐six participants aged 65 and older undergoing hip fracture repair.MeasurementsOlder adults without preoperative delirium who underwent hip fracture repair between April 2005 and July 2009 were followed for pain, opioid consumption, and postoperative delirium. Participants were tested for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method preoperatively and midmorning on Postoperative Day 2. The nursing staff assessed pain on a numeric oral scale (range 0–10). Opioid analgesia was provided in response to pain at rest to achieve scores of 3 or less. Opioid consumption was analyzed with respect to the occurrence of incident postoperative delirium, presence of dementia, and other demographic variables.ResultsOf the 236 participants, 66 (28%) had dementia, and 213 (90%) received opioids postoperatively, including 55 (83%) with dementia and 158 (93%) without. There was no association between the use of any postoperative opioid and incident delirium (P = .61) in participants with (P = .33) and without (P = .40) dementia. Dementia, but not postoperative delirium, was associated with less opioid use (P < .001 for dementia; P = .12 for delirium; P = .04, for their interaction; Wald chi‐square = 142.8, df = 7). Opioid dose (P ≥ .59) on Postoperative Days 1 and 2 was not predictive of incident delirium. Dementia (P < .001) and intensive care unit admission (P = .006), not opioid consumption, were the most important predictors of incident postoperative delirium.ConclusionConcern for postoperative delirium should not prevent the use of opioid analgesic therapy sufficient to achieve a generally accepted level of comfort in individuals with or without preexisting cognitive impairment.
Associations Between Sleep Architecture and Sleep‐Disordered Breathing and Cognition in Older Community‐Dwelling Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study
Authors: Blackwell Terri , Yaffe Kristine , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Redline Susan , Ensrud Kristine E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Laffan Alison , Stone Katie L. ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group
Published: November 2011

ObjectivesTo examine the association between sleep architecture, sleep‐disordered breathing, and cognition in older men.DesignPopulation‐based cross‐sectional study.SettingSix clinical sites in the United States.ParticipantsTwo thousand nine hundred nine community‐dwelling men aged 67 and older who were not selected on the basis of sleep problems or cognitive impairment.MeasurementsPredictors were measured using in‐home polysomnography: sleep architecture, nocturnal hypoxemia (any sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation <80%), apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and arousal index. Cognitive outcomes were measured using the modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MS), Trail‐Making Test Part B (TMT‐B), and the Digit Vigilance Test (DVT).ResultsAnalyses adjusted for age, race, education, body mass index, lifestyle, comorbidities, and medication use showed that participants who spent less percentage of time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep had lower levels of cognition; participants in the lowest quartile (<14.8%) took an average of 5.9 seconds longer on the TMT‐B and 20.1 seconds longer on the DVT than those in the highest quartile (≥23.7%). Similarly, greater percentage of time spent in Stage 1 sleep was related to poorer cognitive function. Participants in the highest quartile of Stage 1 sleep (≥8.6%) had worse cognitive scores on average than those in the lowest quartile (<4.0%). Those with nocturnal hypoxemia took an average of 22.3 seconds longer to complete the DVT than those without, but no associations were found with 3MS or the TMT‐B.ConclusionSpending less percentage of time in REM sleep and greater percentage of time in Stage 1 sleep and having higher levels of nocturnal hypoxemia were associated with poorer cognition in older men. Further studies are needed to clarify the direction of these associations and to explore potential mechanisms.
Effects of Low‐level Laser Therapy at Wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm in Experimental Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: da Rosa Alessandra Schleder , dos Santos Aline Ferreira , da Silva Márcia Maria , Facco Gilberto Gonsalves , Perreira Daniel Martins , Alves Ana Carolina Araruna , Leal Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto , de Carvalho Paulo de Tarso Camillo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of low‐level laser radiation at wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA). The sample was composed of 36 male adult Wistar rats divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3). For the induction of cartilage injury, three injections of 4% papain and 10 μL of a cysteine solution were performed at right knee of the hind leg. Two weeks after the last injection, group G1 was treated with InGaAlP (660 nm, 100 mW, 3.57 W cm−2, 40 s) and G2 was treated with AsGaAl (808 nm, 100 mW, 3.57 W cm−2, 40 s) both with energy of 4 J. There were significant differences in the type of squamous epithelium between days 7 and 14 in G2 (P < 0.05) and on day 14 between G1 and G2 (P < 0.05). Moreover, statistically significant differences were found in the formation of new blood vessels between G1 and G3 on days 7 and 21 as well as between G2 and G3 on day 21. The formation of fibrotic tissue was greater in G3 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, laser therapy, especially at a wavelength of 808 nm, stimulated angiogenesis and reduced the formation of fibrosis in an experimental model of OA.
Assessing Research Participants’ Perceptions of their Clinical Research Experiences
Authors: Kost Rhonda G. , Lee Laura M. , Yessis Jennifer , Coller Barry S. , Henderson David K. ,   The Research Participant Perception Survey Focus Group Subcommittee
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Participants’ perceptions of their research experiences provide valuable measures of ethical treatment, yet no validated instruments exist to measure these experiences. We conducted focus groups of research participants and professionals as the initial step in developing a validated instrument.Methods: Research participants enrolled in 12 focus groups, consisting of: (1) individuals with disorders undergoing interventions; (2) in natural history studies; or (3) healthy volunteers. Research professionals participated in six separate groups of: (1) institutional review board members, ethicists, and Research Subject Advocates; (2) research nurses/coordinators; or (3) investigators. Focus groups used standard methodologies.Results: Eighty‐five participants and 29 professionals enrolled at eight academic centers. Altruism and personal relevance of the research were commonly identified motivators; financial compensation was less commonly mentioned. Participants were satisfied with informed consent processes but disappointed if not provided test results, or study outcomes. Positive relationships with research teams were valued highly. Research professionals were concerned about risks, undue influence, and informed consent.Conclusions: Participants join studies for varied, complex reasons, notably altruism and personal relevance. They value staff relationships, health gains, new knowledge, and compensation, and expect professionalism and good organization. On the basis of these insights, we propose specific actions to enhance participant recruitment, retention, and satisfaction. Clin Trans Sci 2011; Volume 4: 403–413
WE‐G‐BRC‐04: A Hub‐and‐Spoke Residency Model for Meeting the 2014 ABR Mandate
Authors: Parker B , Hogstrom K , Gibbons J , Mitra R , Duhon J , Yang C , Wu H 
Published: November 2011

Purpose: Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center (MBPCC) has established a Medical Physics Residency Program to provide clinical training to M.S. and Ph.D. graduates of the CAMPEP‐accredited Louisiana State University (LSU)‐MBPCC Medical Physics Graduate Program. It graduates approximately six students yearly, which equates to a need for twelve residency positions in a two‐year program. To address this need for residency positions, MBPCC decided to expand its maximum capacity of 6 residents to a total of 12 residents by developing a Consortium consisting of partnerships with radiation oncology physics residency programs located at regional outside clinical institutions. Methods: We feel that the proposed Consortium model offers:• broader range of procedures than available at most single institutions• exposure to more commercial products than training at most single institutions• various approaches to clinical topics than may be available at most single institutions• potential reduction of CAMPEP workload by producing smaller number of large programs• broad evaluation and examination of all Consortium residents, regardless of training location, by representatives from each of the Consortium partner sitesMBPCC will be responsible for organization, accreditation, administration, and operation of the Consortium program. Partner institutions could then focus on clinical training of the residents. Results: The Consortium institutions have shown a great deal of support, both from their medical physics groups and administrations, in developing these partnerships. We are currently working with administrative personnel at each location to finalize the details of these partnerships through a Memorandum of Understanding. All partner sites are expected to begin resident training in July of this year. Conclusions: The Consortium is a network of for‐profit, non‐profit, academic, community, and private entities. These types of collaborative endeavors will be required to reach the number of residency positions needed to meet the 2014 ABR mandate and to maintain graduate medical physics training programs.
Deformed shell model results for two-neutrino double-beta decay of 82Se
Authors: Sahu R. , Srivastava P.C. , Kota V.K.B. 
Published: November 2011

The half-life for two-neutrino double-beta decay has been calculated for 82Se, within the framework of the deformed shell model (DSM) based on Hartree–Fock states employing a modified Kuo interaction in 2p3/2, 1f5/2, 2p1/2, and 1g9/2 space with single particle energies (relative to a 56Ni core) for the four orbitals taken as 0.0, 0.78, 1.08, and 4.25 MeV, respectively. A reasonable description is obtained for the spectroscopic properties of yrast levels in 82Se, and similarly in the past 82Kr was studied successfully using DSM. The half-life calculated using DSM is ∼3.56 × 1020 a compared to the experimental value (0.92 ± 0.07) × 1020 a. We have also recalculated the half-life by including the 1f7/2 orbit in the preceding model space using the fpg interaction introduced by Sorlin et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 092501 (2002)). The calculated half-life is 2.05 × 1019 a (0.58 × 1020 a if we include the quenching factor of 0.77).
The Influence of Light at Night Exposure on Melatonin Levels among Canadian Rotating Shift Nurses
Authors: Grundy Anne , Tranmer Joan , Richardson Harriet , Graham Charles H. , Aronson Kristan J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: Shift work has been identified as a risk factor for several cancer sites in recent years, with melatonin as a potential intermediate on the proposed causal pathway. This study examined the influence of nighttime light exposure on melatonin levels among 123 rotating shift nurses.Methods: Nurses working a rotating shift schedule (two 12-hour days, two 12-hour nights, and five days off) were recruited and participated on a day and night shift in both the summer and winter seasons. Over each 48-hour study period, nurses wore a light data logger and provided two urine and four saliva samples.Results: Saliva measurements showed that the pattern of melatonin production did not differ between day and night shifts. Mean light exposure was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.0001) when nurses were working at night, although peak melatonin levels (P = 0.65) and the daily change in melatonin levels (P = 0.80) were similar across day/night shifts. Multivariate analysis did not show an association between light exposure and melatonin levels when data from both shifts was combined; however, when data from the night shift was considered alone, a statistically significant inverse relationship between light and change in melatonin was observed (P = 0.04).Conclusion: These results show that light exposure does not seem to be strongly related to reduced melatonin production among nurses on this rapidly rotating shift schedule.Impact: Future research considering more extreme shift patterns or brighter lighting conditions could further clarify the relationship between light exposure and melatonin production in observational settings. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(11); 2404–12. ©2011 AACR.
Area-Level Socioeconomic Position and Repeat Mammography Screening Use: Results from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Dailey Amy B. , Brumback Babette A. , Livingston Melvin D. , Jones Beth A. , Curbow Barbara A. , Xu Xiaohui 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background: Despite a considerable number of studies describing the relationship between area-level socioeconomic conditions and mammography screening, definitive conclusions have yet to be drawn. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between area-level socioeconomic position (SEP) and repeat mammography screening, using nationwide U.S. census SEP data linked to a nationally representative sample of women who participated in the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).
Methods: An area-level SEP index using 2000 U.S. census tract data was constructed and categorized into quartiles, including information on unemployment, poverty, housing values, annual family income, education, and occupation. Repeat mammography utilization (dichotomous variable) was defined as having three mammograms over the course of 6 years (24-month interval), which must have included a recent mammogram (in past 2 years). Results were obtained by ordinary multivariable logistic regression for survey data. Women ages 46 to 79 years (n = 7,352) were included in the analysis.
Results: In a model adjusted for sociodemographics, health care factors, and known correlates of mammography screening, women living in more disadvantaged areas had lower odds of engaging in repeat mammography than women living in the most advantaged areas [OR comparing quartile 4 (most disadvantaged) to quartile 1 (most advantaged) = 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.80].
Conclusion: The results of this nationwide study support the hypothesis that area-level SEP is independently associated with mammography utilization.
Impact: These findings underscore the importance of addressing area-level social inequalities, if uptake of mammography screening guidelines is to be realized across all social strata. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(11); 2331–44. ©2011 AACR.
Significance of Smoking Machine Toxicant Yields to Blood-Level Exposure in Water Pipe Tobacco Smokers
Authors: Shihadeh Alan L. , Eissenberg Thomas E. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Background: The global increase in tobacco smoking with a water pipe (hookah, narghile, or shisha) has made understanding its health consequences imperative. One key to developing this understanding is identifying and quantifying carcinogens and other toxicants present in water pipe smoke. To do so, the toxicant yield of machine-generated water pipe smoke has been measured. However, the relevance of toxicant yields of machine-generated smoke to actual human exposure has not been established.
Methods: In this study, we examined whether carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine yields measured with a smoking machine programmed to replicate the puffing behavior of 31 human participants who smoked a water pipe could reliably predict these participants' blood-level exposure. In addition to CO and nicotine, yields of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, volatile aldehydes, nitric oxide (NO), and “tar” were measured.
Results: We found that when used in this puff-replicating manner, smoking machine yields are highly correlated with blood-level exposure (nicotine: r &gt; 0.76, P &lt; 0.001; CO: r &gt; 0.78, P &lt; 0.001). Total drawn smoke volume was the best predictor of toxicant yield and exposure, accounting for approximately 75% to 100% of the variability across participants in yields of NO, CO, volatile aldehydes, and tar, as well as blood-level CO and normalized nicotine.
Conclusions: Machine-based methods can be devised in which smoke toxicant yields reliably track human exposure.
Impact: This finding indicates the basic feasibility of valid analytic laboratory evaluation of tobacco products for regulatory purposes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(11); 2457–60. ©2011 AACR.