bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimising harm to older Victorians from heatwaves: A qualitative study of the role of community‐based health profession and carer organisations
Authors: McInnes Judith A , Ibrahim Joseph E 
Published: July 2010

Aim:  To investigate the role of community‐based health profession and carer organisations in Victoria in minimising harm to older people from heatwaves.Methods:  A qualitative study based on semistructured interviews was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Twelve people were interviewed, representing four professional groups that support the health of older Victorians who reside at home.Results:  None of the health profession and carer organisations studied had formalised heatwave strategies; however, their staff conduct a range of activities before and during heatwaves that may reduce harm to older clients. Interviewees discussed roles their organisations could play in a heatwave response plan, including coordination, identification of high‐risk individuals and education. All saw a need for extra resources and training if responses to heatwaves were required more frequently.Conclusion:  It may be feasible to utilise the existing services and infrastructure of community‐based health profession and carer organisations operating in Victoria within a State‐wide Heatwave Response plan; however, this will require extra resources, training and coordination.
Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Erectile Dysfunction: Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Uncoupling in the Mouse Penis by NAD(P)H Oxidase
Authors: Musicki Biljana , Liu Tongyun , Lagoda Gwen A. , Strong Travis D. , Sezen Sena F. , Johnson Justin M. , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypercholesterolemia induces erectile dysfunction (ED) mostly by increasing oxidative stress and impairing endothelial function in the penis, but the mechanisms regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the penis are not understood.

Aims
We evaluated whether hypercholesterolemia activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD[P]H) oxidase in the penis, providing an initial source of ROS to induce endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction resulting in ED.

Methods
Low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)–null mice were fed Western diet for 4 weeks to induce early-stage hyperlipidemia. Wild type (WT) mice fed regular chow served as controls. Mice received NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10 mM in drinking water) or vehicle. Erectile function was assessed in response to cavernous nerve electrical stimulation. Markers of endothelial function (phospho [P]-vasodilator-stimulated-protein [VASP]-Ser-239), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [HNE]), sources of ROS (eNOS uncoupling and NAD[P]H oxidase subunits p67phox, p47phox, and gp91phox), P-eNOS-Ser-1177, and eNOS were measured by Western blot in penes.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures are the molecular mechanisms of ROS generation and endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia-induced ED.

Results
Erectile response was significantly (P &lt;0.05) reduced in hypercholesterolemic LDLR-null mice compared with WT mice. Relative to WT mice, hypercholesterolemia increased (P &lt;0.05) protein expressions of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits p67phox, p47phox and gp91phox, eNOS uncoupling, and 4-HNE-modified proteins, and reduced (P &lt;0.05) P-VASP-Ser-239 expression in the penis. Apocynin treatment of LDLR-null mice preserved (P &lt;0.05) maximal intracavernosal pressure, and reversed (P &lt;0.05) the abnormalities in protein expressions of gp67phox and gp47phox, 4-HNE, P-VASP-Ser-239, and eNOS uncoupling in the penis. Apocynin treatment of WT mice did not affect any of these parameters. Protein expressions of P-eNOS-Ser-1177 and total eNOS were unaffected by hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusion
Activated NAD(P)H oxidase in the penis is an initial source of oxidative stress resulting in eNOS uncoupling, thus providing a mechanism of eNOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia-induced ED.
Genital Manifestation of Graft-vs.-Host Disease: A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Da Silva Lara Lúcia Alves , De Andrade Jurandyr Moreira , Mauad Lenira Maria Queiroz , Ferrarese Sany Rose , Marana Heitor Ricardo Cosiski , Tiezzi Daniel Guimarães , De Sá Rosa e Silva Ana Carolina Japur 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), many patients present genital graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) that can culminate with sexual problems, which are poorly dimensioned.

Aim
We hope to draw attention to the need to perform genital biopsy to diagnose genital GVHD, and thus to call attention to the need to incorporate careful attention to sexual health in the treatment of these patients.

Methods
Five allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients complaining of coital pain after HSCT were clinically diagnosed for genital GVHD. Genital biopsies were given for histological analysis, and microphotographs of the corresponding marked field in the slide were taken. Specimens were evaluated by the site pathologist and then sent to a reference pathologist, each blinded to the histological findings. A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE (1966–2009) for cross-sectional and cohort studies or trials related to genital GVHD. Expert opinions peer reviews and case reports were also considered.

Main Outcome Measures
HSCT, genital GVHD, genital biopsy.

Results
The biopsy showed evidence of dilated apoptotic cells in the basal layer and detachment of the epithelial lining of the mucosa, hyalinization and thickening of collagen fibers, capillary ectasia, and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate of the submucosa. Three patients presented vulval lesion such as leucoplasia and ulcer on the large lip. Histological analyses showed evidence of epithelial hyperplasia and influx of inflammatory cells to the epithelial surface, intercellular edema and spongiosis, apoptotic bodies on the basal layer of the epithelium, spongiosis, and nuclear vacuolization. A common treatment based on corticotherapy resulted in complete remission of coetaneous or mucous genital lesions in all five patients.

Conclusion
Genital biopsy is important to differentially diagnose GVHD and secondary symptoms due to hypoestrogenism. Prevention is the most important step in controlling the evolution GVHD in the vagina to prevent vaginal obstruction and sexual dysfunction.
The Determination of Total Testosterone and Free Testosterone (RIA) are not Applicable to the Evaluation of Gonadal Function in HIV-Infected Males
Authors: Moreno-Pérez Oscar , Escoín Corina , Serna-Candel Carmen , Portilla Joaquín , Boix Vicente , Alfayate Rocio , González-Sánchez Victor , Mauri Montserrat , Sánchez-Payá José , Picó Antonio 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypogonadism is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men; the high concentration of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in this population, induces a “false increase” in total testosterone (TT) values.

Aims
To validate the determination of TT and measured free testosterone (FT [radioimmunoassay {RIA} ] ) for hypogonadism diagnosis in an HIV-infected population using calculated free testosterone (CFT) as reference method; and also to determine the prevalence and identify the risks factors of hypogonadism.

Methods
Cross-sectional, observational study. Ninety HIV-infected males (42 ± 8.2 years), not HCV coinfected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive (14 patients), on current ART with enhanced protease inhibitor (PI) (39 patients), or patients on PI-naive ART (NN) (37 patients).

Main Outcome Measures
CFT was calculated by determining TT, SHBG, and albumin (Vermeulen’s formula); hypogonadism was defined as CFT &lt;0.22 nmol/L (reference range for young healthy males in our laboratory); sensitivity of TT and FT (RIA) for hypogonadism diagnosis was calculated.

Results
Twelve patients (13.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8–21.9) by CFT presented hypogonadism. TT and FT (RIA) presented a sensitivity of less than 30% in the diagnosis of hypogonadism. Logistic regression multivariate analysis confirmed an independent association between hypogonadism, the patient’s age per decade, odds ratio (OR) 6.9 (CI 1.9–24.8; P = 0.003), and longer duration of HIV infection per decade, OR 13.1 (CI 1.3–130.6; P = 0.02). Hypogonadism was associated with erectile dysfunction.

Conclusions
TT and FT (RIA) are not useful in the differential diagnosis of hypogonadism in HIV-infected males. There is a significant prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected males, with the patient’s age and duration of the disease being the only identifiable risk factors.
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Mirodenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Men in Korea: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Park Hyun Jun , Choi Hyung Ki , Ahn Tai Young , Park Jong Kwan , Chung Woo Sik , Lee Sung Won , Kim Sae Woong , Hyun Jae Seog , Park Nam Cheol 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mirodenafil is a newly developed selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of mirodenafil in the treatment of ED in Korean men with diabetes.

Methods
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, fixed-dose study was conducted with 112 subjects who were randomized to either placebo or mirodenafil 100 mg on demand for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary efficacy variable was the erectile function (EF) domain scores of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) questionnaire. Secondary efficacy variables included change in the scores of IIEF question 3 and 4 (IIEF Q3 and Q4) from baseline, change in all domain scores in the IIEF from baseline, Sexual Encounter Profile questions 2 and 3 (SEP2 and SEP3), the Global Assessment Question (GAQ) and the Life Satisfaction Checklist (LSC).

Results
After 12 weeks of treatment, mirodenafil group showed significantly greater change in the IIEF-EF domain score from baseline compared with the placebo group (9.3 vs. 1.4, P &lt;0.0001). The changes from baseline in the mirodenafil group in IIEF Q3 (1.7 vs. 0.4, P &lt;0.0001) and Q4 (1.7 vs. 0.3, P &lt;0.0001) were higher compared with the placebo group. Differences between the mirodenafil and placebo groups were significant in the SEP2 (82.0% vs. 55.2%, P = 0.0003), SEP3 (68.9% vs. 22.3%, P &lt;0.0001). Difference in GAQ “YES” responses was also significant (76.9% vs. 19.1%, P &lt;0.0001). Normal EF domain scores (≥26) at study end were achieved by 32.7% and 9.4% in the mirodeniafl and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.0031). As for the LSC scores, the mirodenafil group showed significantly greater improvements in sexual life and partner relationship than the placebo group. Most treatment-associated AEs were mild that resolved spontaneously.

Conclusions
Mirodenafil is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of diabetic patients with ED in Korea.
Validation of a Chinese Version of the Short Form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire
Authors: Su Tsung-Hsien , Lau Hui-Hsuan 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence. An instrument is needed to assess sexual function in urogynecologic patients who speak Chinese.

Aim
To evaluate the reliability and validity of a Chinese translation of the short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) in urogynecologic patients in Taiwan.

Methods
After a pilot study showing good test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the Chinese PISQ-12, 120 urogynecological patients and 63 normal women were recruited. All participants underwent the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system and urodynamic assessment. They each completed the Chinese PISQ-12 and the short form of Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7).

Main Outcome Measures
PISQ-12, POP-Q system and IIQ-7 scores were compared between the urogynecologic patients and normal controls.

Results
The test–retest reliability and internal consistency of the Chinese PISQ-12 total score (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.939, Cronbach’s alpha=0.892, respectively) and of each of its three domains were excellent. The mean total PISQ-12 score and mean scores in each domain indicated significantly worse sexual dysfunction in the urogynecologic group as compared with the control group were correlated with the severity of prolapse and distress caused by incontinence.

Conclusion
This Chinese translation of the PISQ-12 is a reliable, consistent and valid instrument to evaluate sexual function in Taiwanese women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Recommendations to Improve Patient and Partner Quality of Life
Authors: Elliott Stacy , Latini David M. , Walker Lauren M. , Wassersug Richard , Robinson John W. , ADT Survivorship Working Group  
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Because of improved prostate cancer detection, more patients begin androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) earlier and remain on it longer than before. Patients now may be androgen deprived for over a decade, even when they are otherwise free of cancer symptoms.

Aim
An ADT Survivorship Working Group was formed to develop and evaluate interventions to limit the physiological and emotional trauma patients and their partners experience from this treatment.

Methods
The multidisciplinary Working Group met for 2 days to define the challenges couples face when patients commence ADT. A writing sub-group was formed. It compiled the meeting’s proceedings, reviewed the literature and, in consultation with the other members of the working group, wrote the manuscript.

Main Outcome Measures
Expert opinion of the side effects of ADT that affect the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their partners and the recommendations for managing ADT to optimize QOL were based on the best available literature, clinical experience, and widespread internal discussions among Working Group members.

Results
Side effects identified as particularly challenging include: (i) body feminization; (ii) changes in sexual performance; (iii) relationship changes; (iv) cognitive and affective symptoms; and (v) fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depression. Recommendations for managing ADT include providing information about ADT side effects before administration of ADT, and, where appropriate, providing referrals for psychosocial support. Sexual rehabilitation principles for persons with chronic illness may prove useful. Psychological interventions for sexual sequelae need to be offered and individualized to patients, regardless of their age or partnership. Support should also be offered to partners.

Conclusions
Our hope is that this plan will serve as a guide for optimizing how ADT is carried out and improve the lives of androgen-deprived men and their intimate partners.
Association between Attributes of a Cyclist and Bicycle Seat Pressure
Authors: Bressel Eadric , Nash Dustin , Dolny Dennis 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Bicycle seat pressure is thought to be the principal risk factor for bicycle seat injuries such as erectile dysfunction; however there is a lack of understanding regarding the characteristics of a cyclist that predict bicycle seat pressure.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to determine if select attributes of a cyclist are associated with seat pressure during stationary bicycling. A secondary purpose was to determine which of the associated attributes were the best predictors of seat pressure and if they were consistent between two different seats.

Methods
There were two data collection phases to this correlational study in which 40 males between the ages 20 and 50 years volunteered. For the first phase, select attributes of the cyclist (age, weight, flexibility, experience level, and ischial tuberosity width) were measured. The second phase required participants to ride a stationary cycle ergometer while pelvic tilt angles and seat pressures were measured on two different traditional seats.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome is the mean and peak bicycle seat interface pressure over the anterior and total seat.

Results
Body weight explained up to 50% of the variance in mean total seat pressure (P = 0.001). Regarding peak total pressure, pelvic tilt angle and flexibility explained 43% and 17% of the variance, respectively, for the two seats tested (P = 0.01).

Conclusion
These results indicate that predictors of mean seat pressure are not the same for peak pressure. Body weight alone accounted for the most variance in mean pressure whereas pelvic tilt and flexibility accounted for the most variance in peak pressure. These variables related to seat pressure may give some guidance to cyclists and clinicians who intend to prevent or alleviate the symptoms associated with bicycle seat injuries that include erectile dysfunction.
Severe Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Risk in Subjects with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Bandini Elisa , Fisher Alessandra D. , Corona Giovanni , Ricca Valdo , Monami Matteo , Boddi Valentina , Balzi Daniela , Melani Cecilia , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) and mood depression are often associated and both are correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Aim
The aim of the present study is to explore biological and clinical correlates of depressive symptomatology in a sample of men consulting for sexual dysfunction and to verify possible associations between depressive symptoms and incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods
A consecutive series of 2,303 male patients attending the Outpatient Clinic for sexual dysfunction was retrospectively studied. A subset of the previous sample (N=1,687) was enrolled in a longitudinal study. All patients were investigated using a Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY), composed of 3 scales which explore organic, relational and intra-psychic components of ED. MHQ-D scoring from Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) was used as a putative marker of depressive symptoms.

Main Outcome Measures
Information on MACE was obtained through the City of Florence Registry Office.

Results
We found a positive relationship between MHQ-D score and a progressive impairment in obtaining an erection hard enough for penetration, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Moreover, we observed positive relationships between MHQ-D score and the three pathogenetic domains underlying ED. When the longitudinal subset was evaluated, during a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 2.6 years, 139 MACE, 15 of which were fatal, were observed. Unadjusted incidence of MACE was significantly associated with baseline depressive symptoms. When the presence of severe depressive symptoms were introduced in a Cox regression model, along with the arteriogenic ED and partner’s hypoactive sexual desire, after adjusting for age, Chronic Diseases Score, and ΣMHQ (a broader index of psychopathology), severe depressive symptomatology was independently associated with a higher incidence of MACE.

Conclusion
Depressive symptomatology constitutes an independent risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality in men with ED.
The PC12 cell as model for neurosecretion
Authors: Westerink R. H. S. , Ewing A. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis review attempts to touch on the history and application of amperometry at PC12 cells for fundamental investigation into the exocytosis process. PC12 cells have been widely used as a model for neural differentiation and as such they have been used to examine the effects of differentiation on exocytotic release and specifically release at varicosities. In addition, dexamethasone‐differentiated cells have been shown to have an increased number of releasable vesicles with increased quantal size, thereby allowing for an even broader range of applications including neuropharmacological and neurotoxicological studies. PC12 cells exhibiting large numbers of events have two distinct pools of vesicles, one about twice the quantal size of the other and each about half the total releasable vesicles. As will be outlined in this review, these cells have served as an extremely useful model of exocytosis in the study of the latency of stimulation‐release coupling, the role of exocytotic proteins in regulation of release, effect of drugs on quantal size, autoreceptors, fusion pore biophysics, environmental factors, health and disease. As PC12 cells have some advantages over other models for neurosecretion, including chromaffin cells, it is more than likely that in the following decade PC12 cells will continue to serve as a model to study exocytosis.
Noteworthy Discrepancies in China's GDP Accounting
Authors: He Xinhua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConsistency is essential in statistical data processing. This paper reports some notable discrepancies in China's GDP accounting, which are unexpectedly found after testing the consistency of GDP accounting and its components. Although these discrepancies are mainly attributed to the revision methodology adopted after the 2004 economic census, the intention to harmonize GDP accounting data, in terms of production and expenditure, also contributes to the discrepancies. Our finding highlights the need for careful checking of consistency and for testing before formal release of any official statistics.
Business Cycle Asymmetry in China: Evidence from Friedman's Plucking Model
Authors: Zheng Tingguo , Teng Yujuan , Song Tao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFriedman's plucking model of business fluctuations suggests that output cannot exceed an upper limit, but it is occasionally “plucked” downward below trends as a result of economic recessions. This paper investigates China's business fluctuations using quarterly real GDP data for the period 1978–2009. Our results show some evidence supporting Friedman's plucking model. We find that a ceiling effect of real output exists, and that negative asymmetric shocks significantly affect the transitory component, which captures the plucking downward behavior during the recession. The results also suggest that the basic asymmetric unobserved component model is not appropriate for directly modeling China's real output because the business cycle is inaccurately measured, but it works quite well when considering a structural break in the second quarter of 1992. The results reveal that although China's economy strengthened in the second quarter of 2009, it is essential for China's government to take further positive and effective measures to maintain sustainable development of the economy.