bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Share Liquidity and Market Microstructure Reform: The Case of Screen‐based Trading in Mumbai*
Authors: Green Christopher J. , Manos Ronny , Murinde Victor , Suppakitjarak Nathridee 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigate the impact of the March 1995 move to screen‐based trading on the Mumbai Stock Exchange, using separate samples of more liquid (A) and less liquid (B) shares. Following the move, the average cumulative abnormal return for A shares was 4.5%, whereas that for B shares was over 12%; market liquidity and efficiency increased but the effect on volatility was more ambiguous. We identify a significant cross‐sectional relationship between the size of cumulative abnormal returns and firm‐specific improvements in liquidity, efficiency, and volatility, with differences in the effects of reform on A and B shares.
Information Effects of Trade Size and Trade Direction: Evidence from the KOSPI 200 Index Options Market*
Authors: Ahn Hee‐Joon , Kang Jangkoo , Ryu Doojin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the present study, we examine two important issues related to the information content of a trade in option markets: (i) whether trade size is related to information content; and (ii) whether buy and sell transactions carry different information content. Our analysis is based on comprehensive market microstructure data on the KOSPI 200 options, the single most actively traded derivative securities in the world. We use two structural models modified from the Madhavan et al. [Review of Financial Studies 10 (1997) 1035–1064] model, the size‐dependent model (SDM), and the dummy variable model (DVM). The SDM incorporates trade size in the model to estimate the magnitude of the information content of a trade. The DVM separately estimates information contents for buyer‐ and seller‐initiated trades using a dummy variable. Our SDM analysis reveals that large trades are in general more informative than small trades. The results from the DVM analysis indicate that buyer‐initiated trades generally have greater information content than seller‐initiated trades. A further analysis using investor‐type information shows that the asymmetry in information content between buy and sell trades is mostly attributable to the orders submitted by foreign and domestic institutional investors.
Are Museums Still Necessary?
Authors: Watkins Charles Alan 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMuseums today face a crisis of confidence arising from two issues: (1) the erosion of a historically unreliable funding base, and (2) a challenge for audience by entrepreneurial elements in the culture. Other issues center on a growing public idea that museum work can be shared by entities such as theme parks and exhibition halls and the perception that education should be shaped as recreation.Museum responses to these problems have exacerbated their vulnerability as unique institutions. Certain dichotomies in the museum world help to explain this situation: (1) professionalism versus the audience, (2) connoisseurship versus the public experience, (3) the centrality versus the peripherality of objects in museums, (4) museums as businesses versus museums as educators, and (5) visitor expectations versus available resources.Resolution of the conflicts requires museums to remember that they are communication systems capable of teaching hard information, to stop emulating the forces that threaten to destroy them, and to pay attention to certain lessons understood in the business world. Museums also must find stable and reliable funding, reinvigorate the museum accreditation program, and pay attention to what museums really exist for. Museums are still necessary only when they function as true museums.
Beyond the Blockbuster: Good Exhibitions in Small Packages
Authors: Lee Ellen W. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMany American and European art museums are now featuring small, highly‐focused shows in their exhibition programs. In 1990, the Indianapolis Museum of Art organized an exhibition that reunited, for the first time in a century, the four landscape paintings created by neo‐impressionist Georges Seurat during the last summer of his life. Using Seurat at Gravelines: The Last Landscapes as an example, this article addresses the advantages — for museums and their visitors — of the small temporary exhibition.
The ASTC Legacy and the Institute of Museum Services
Authors: McGrath Lee Kimche 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe Association of Science‐Technology Centers (ASTC) represents 283 science‐technology centers in the United States and 89 centers around the world. Among its most significant accomplishments is the leadership role that it played in the passage of the legislation that created the Institute of Museum Services (IMS), the federal agency that provides general operating support for the nation's museums. Prior to the funding of the IMS, government support for individual projects in art and history museums had come from the NEA and NEH, but the science museums fell through the cracks. Science museums, were already represented in Washington by ASTC, and ASTC became the natural lobbying group to establish a separate agency for museums. Although ASTC was one of the major driving forces behind the creation of IMS, its members represent only a fraction of the beneficiaries of IMS grants. Since 1984, ASTC institutions have received only 10 to 16 percent of the total dollars awarded by IMS.
Visitor Meaning‐Making in Museums for a New Age
Authors: Silverman Lois H. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe concept of meaning‐making is generating excitement within the museum community, with good reason. Providing an approach to understanding visitor experiences, the paradigm illuminates the visitor's active role in creating meaning of a museum experience through the context he/she brings, influenced by the factors of self‐identity, companions, and leisure motivations. As a result, visitors find personal significance within museums in a range of patterned ways that reflect basic human needs, such as the need for individualism and the need for community.The dynamics of visitor meaning‐making indicate the importance of fashioning a better “fit” between people and museums in two critical areas: (1) between human meaning‐making and museum methods and (2) between human needs and the purpose of museums in society. Each of these areas illuminates a promising direction for a new age of museums in which we actively support, facilitate, and enhance the many kinds of meaning possible in museums and explicitly incorporate human needs into exhibit goals and institutional missions. Examples of successful strategies are discussed.
Building a Community‐Based Identity at Anacostia Museum
Authors: James Portia 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTA historian explores the construction of Anacostia Museum's identity from the 1960s to the present by examining the history of its exhibitions. Direct community accessibility was part of the museum's founding mission, but Smithsonian administration, museum staff, and community residents all seemed to have different ideas about the meaning of the “neighborhood museum” concept. Designated a “Smithsonian outpost,” and intended to draw African‐American visitors to the Smithsonian museums on the Mall, the new museum's mission was instead shaped by community advisory groups to focus broadly on African‐American history and culture. Staff efforts to “professionalize” and upgrade museum operations later threatened community access to the exhibition‐development process, and most community/museum interaction was relegated to the program and outreach activities of the education department. The 1994 Black Mosaic exhibition provided an opportunity to devise new ways of integrating the perspectives of a changed community into the exhibition‐development process.
The Inside Story of Science City—An Outdoor Public Science Exhibition
Authors: Cole Peggy Ruth , Cutting Jennifer McGregor 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTScience City is an outdoor exhibition, supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and created by the New York Hall of Science (NYHS). It was designed to increase public awareness of, and interest in, the science and technology of daily life by creating a series of exhibits that people would “find” in public places in New York City. Using the streets and structures of the city to present the science and technology of everyday life in order to reach the non‐museum‐going public, eye‐catching exhibits and signs were placed along fences, on streets and buildings and in subway stations and parks. The development and installation of museum exhibits for public urban spaces requires skills and experience that stretch beyond the expertise of a science‐technology museum exhibition staff. This article discusses and compares on‐ and off‐site exhibition development.
The Models of Architeuthis
Authors: Ellis Richard 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTModels of the giant squid (Architeuthis spp.) are probably unique in natural history exhibition: they are representations of a giant living animal that has never been seen in a healthy state by a human being. Since its discovery in the mid‐nineteenth century, the giant squid has remained one of the world's great zoological mysteries. In the attempt to introduce this fabulous creature, museums around the world have resorted to life‐sized models. Yale teuthologist A.E. Verrill was responsible for the first such models in 1882; then Ward's Natural Science Establishment in Rochester, New York, manufactured and sold them. In this century, various museums (and one zoo) have made their own models of these ten‐armed monsters of the deep. Their disparate attempts to re‐create Architeuthis for the museum public represent one of the most intriguing case histories in the annals of museum exhibition.
Enhancing Family Learning Through Exhibits
Authors: Borun Minda , Chambers Margaret B. , Dritsas Jennifer , Johnson Julie I. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTCan enhanced exhibits produce measurable increases in active family learning? Four Philadelphia area science institutions—The Franklin Institute Science Museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden, and the Philadelphia Zoo—have investigated the answer to this question as part of the PISEC (Philadelphia‐Camden Informal Science Education Collaborative) Family Learning Project. PISEC is conducting research and exhibit development aimed at increasing the understanding of family learning in science museums and identifying the characteristics of successful family learning exhibits.The PISEC project is organized into three phases: (1) a research study to establish behavioral indicators for family science learning (Borun et al., 1996); (2) the development and evaluation of four exhibit enhancements aimed at achieving family science learning goals (Borun and Dritsas, 1997); (3) a research study comparing the frequency of learning behaviors for treatment families that have used enhanced test exhibits to control‐group families that have used only the test exhibits. The results of the first two phases of this project have been discussed previously. This article describes the research study conducted during Phase 3 of the project.Results of the study show that all four modified exhibits produced significant increases in performance indicators. Using seven characteristics of successful family exhibits—multi‐sided, multi‐user, accessible, multi‐outcome, multi‐modal, readable, and relevant—as a guide to exhibit development proved to be an effective strategy for increasing active family learning.
Exhibiting Japanese History and Culture
Authors: HASHIMOTO HIROYUKI 
Published: May 2010

AbstractJapan's first history museum—the National Museum of Japanese History (NMJH)—had its tenth anniversary only a few years ago. It is thus a comparatively new national museum, and only a segment of the public is aware of its existence. With many unique characteristics, it offers the potential of new directions for the national museum system. The article reviews the NMJH's past and present and examines the ideologies and practices relating to exhibiting Japanese history and culture.
Communication and Persuasion in a Didactic Exhibition: The Power of Maps Study
Authors: DOERING ZAHAVA D. , BICKFORD ADAM , KARNS DAVID A. , KINDLON AUDREY E. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article describes a study of The Power of Maps, an exhibition presented in 1992 at the Cooper‐Hewitt, National Design Museum, in New York City. The study compared the result of surveys administered to visitors at the Cooper‐Hewitt as they entered and exited the exhibition with a control group of surveys administered to visitors at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, DC, who had not seen The Power of Maps exhibition. It was found that visitors who were surveyed as they entered the exhibition were closer in agreement with the message of the exhibition than the control group. It was also found that visitors surveyed upon exiting The Power of Maps exhibition were in closer agreement with the message of the exhibition than with visitors who were surveyed as they entered the exhibition. The study demonstrates that it is possible to document a change in visitors' conceptions about a topic as a result of hearing about or visiting an exhibition and reliably determine the degree to which exhibitions can influence visitors.
Why Do They Come? Listening to Visitors at a Decorative Arts Museum
Authors: COMBS AMBER AULD 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article presents the background, methodology, and results of a yearlong study of visitor motivation conducted by the Visitor Research Team (VRT) of Winterthur, a Delaware decorative arts museum. The article details the VRT's use of focus groups to determine what really motivates visitors to attend museums. Study results are consistent with recent work in the field showing that learning and recreation are the primary motivations behind museum visitation. Visitors valued museums as places for active, personal learning through the observation of objects and as outlets for physical and mental relaxation and escapism. Results also show that Winterthur visitors ascribe meanings to the words learning and recreation that are different from education and entertainment. The author calls on museums to discover the needs of their audiences and to design marketing and programming using visitors' vocabularies to promote and provide meaningful museum experiences.
Museum Visits, Education, and Topic Interest
Authors: BICKFORD ADAM 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper compares two perspectives on why individuals visit museums using data from a telephone survey conducted in Minnesota in 1996. One perspective holds that individuals visit museums because of interest in the materials exhibited. Another holds that visits to museums are markers of social status, influenced more by social class variables, such as educational attainment. Information from the survey allows for construction of a set of interest indices, which reflect the respondents' levels of interest in various museum topics. The survey data also allow the estimation of regression models that test the relative roles of interest versus respondents' educational attainment as indicators of their likelihood of visiting any one of five different types of museums. Results show that topic interest is a stronger predictor than educational attainment. The implications for attracting museum visitors are discussed.
Signs Fail to Increase Zoo Visitors' Ability to See Tigers
Authors: BASHAW MEREDITH J. , MAPLE TERRY L. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTZOO exhibits have fairly high attractive power, but often do not engage visitors or hold their attention for long. A drawback of naturalistic zoo exhibits is the frequent inability of zoo visitors to find the animals, as increased animal visibility increases visitor stay time and engagement. Even visible animals can be difficult for visitors to find unaided. In this study, signs pointing out the animals' locations were added to a tiger exhibit at Zoo Atlanta, but they did not increase the number of visitors who found the tigers in the exhibit While the signs were accurate in pointing out the tigers' locations (due to the high predictability of the tigers' resting habits), very few visitors reported even using the signs. Interviews with visitors indicated that visitors did not read the signs, and that animal activity and children's ability to see animals may affect visitors' self‐reports of ability to find tigers.
Developing a Student Research Grant Program at a Location Remote from the Museum
Authors: SHERBROOKE WADE C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTMuseums often have smaller facilities at locations remote from the main administrative unit. Activities at these units may be somewhat distinct from those at the organization's center, although fitting within the goals of the institution. Local contacts with the server and surrounding communities present unique opportunities for development of funding at these locations, opportunities not easily available at the organization's main development office. This account documents an example of a modest effort by the Southwestern Research Station (SWRS) in Portal, Arizona (a facility of the American Museum of Natural History in New York) to develop local funding for the SWRS Student Support Fund. Through local efforts developing this fund, 66 graduate students have received funding assistance for their research at the Station between 1989–2001. Institutions with more than one site should closely examine opportunities for decentralizing development efforts, relying instead on locally focused sources of funding for special projects. Such efforts reach new communities and garner local loyalties for institutional support.
Urinary tract pathogens and resistance pattern
Authors: Chakupurakal R , Ahmed M , Sobithadevi D N , Chinnappan S , Reynolds T 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundEpidemiology and resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens in paediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) show large inter-regional variability, and rates of bacterial resistance are changing due to different antibiotic treatment. Empiric therapy to treat UTI should be tailored to the surveillance data on the epidemiology and resistance patterns of common uropathogens to reduce treatment failures and emergence of bacterial resistance within the community.ObjectiveA retrospective data review was carried out to evaluate the resistance patterns to commonly used antibiotics in children with culture proven UTIs.MethodsAll infants and children with culture proven UTI from 2002 to 2008 were included. Urine culture was deemed positive with a pure growth >105(single organism).ResultsA total of 547 UTIs were confirmed on urine cultures in 337 patients. An average of 78 cases were diagnosed each year.E coliwas the most commonly grown pathogen (92%). From 2002 to 2008, rising resistance patterns were noted for trimethoprim (p≤0.05) and Augmentin (p≤0.001). In contrast, resistance to cefalexin and nitrofurantoin remained relatively low (11% and 7%, respectively, in 2008).ConclusionOur data suggest that there has been an increasing resistance trend to the first-line antibiotics like trimethoprim and Augmentin againstE coli. In accordance with NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) guidance, each region should monitor resistance patterns to urinary pathogens on a regular basis and use antibiotics with a low resistance pattern. Further studies are required from other centres in the UK to look at similar data.
Venous invasion demonstrated by orcein staining of colorectal carcinoma specimens is associated with the development of distant metastasis
Authors: Sejben István , Bori Rita , Cserni Gábor 
Published: May 2010

AimsTo assess venous invasion (VI) and its relation to distant metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsPrimary untreated CRC cases were assessed for VI. All tumour blocks were stained with H&E and orcein. The presence of VI and nodal status were then correlated with the presence of synchronous or metachronous distant metastases.ResultsVI was detected more frequently with the orcein stain (18% versus 71%). Eleven tumours (nine node-positive tumours, all VI positive) were associated with synchronous distant metastasis. During a median follow-up of 17 months nine further cases were diagnosed with distant metastasis (six node-positive tumours, all VI positive). The specificity and sensitivity of the presence of nodal metastasis for predicting distant metastasis were 0.56 and 0.75, respectively. The same values for orcein-detected VI were 0.39 and 1, respectively.ConclusionsElastic stains such as the orcein stain enable the detection of clinically relevant VI with greater frequency than conventionally stained histological slides. If nodal involvement is an indication for systemic chemotherapy, the data presented here suggest that VI detected by the orcein stain should also be an indication for systemic chemotherapy.
Population-Based Estimate of the Contribution of TP53 Mutations to Subgroups of Early-Onset Breast Cancer: Australian Breast Cancer Family Study
Authors: Mouchawar Judy , Korch Christopher , Byers Tim , Pitts Todd M. , Li Efang , McCredie Margaret R.E. , Giles Graham G. , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although germline TP53 mutations have been identified in women with breast cancer from families meeting Li-Fraumeni criteria, their contribution to breast cancer per se is not well known, but is thought to be minimal. We aimed to determine the prevalence of germline TP53 mutations in subgroups of early-onset breast cancer. Germline TP53 mutation status was assessed by DNA sequencing, screening for heterozygous single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification analyses. From an Australian population-based series of invasive breast cancers, we studied (a) 52 women diagnosed before age 30 years unselected for family history [very early-onset (VEO)] and (b) 42 women diagnosed in their 30s with two or more first- or second-degree relatives with breast or ovarian cancer [early-onset family history (EO-FH)]. Of the VEO group, two (4%) had a mutation: G13203A (exon 6 missense) in a 24-year-old and a large 5,338-bp genomic deletion in a 26-year-old. Neither had a family cancer history that met Li-Fraumeni criteria. Of the EO-FH group, three (7%) had a mutation: T13240G (a known intron 5 splicing mutation) in a 36-year-old from a classic Li-Fraumeni family; G12299A (exon 4 missense) in a 33-year-old from a Li-Fraumeni–like family; and 14058delG (exon 7 frame-shift) in a 39-year-old with a family cancer history that did not meet Li-Fraumeni criteria. Germline TP53 mutations play a larger role in early-onset breast cancer than previously thought, and in this context, can be evident outside clinically defined Li-Fraumeni families. Cancer Res; 70(12); 4795–800. ©2010 AACR.