bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION OF ENTEROBACTER SAKAZAKII (CRONOBACTER SPP.) BY MID‐INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSES
Authors: LIN MENGSHI , AL‐HOLY MURAD , AL‐QADIRI HAMZAH , KONG FANBIN , RASCO BARBARA A. , SETIADY DEWI 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTEnterobacter sakazakii can cause rare but life‐threatening diseases such as meningitis in infants and neonates. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy was used to detect and discriminate between eight E. sakazakii strains, two Enterobacter cloacae strains, three Escherichia coli strains and two Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. FT‐IR vibrational combination bands reflect subtle compositional differences in the cell membranes of E. sakazakii strains, especially in the region between 1,200 and 900 cm−1which contains absorption bands from carbohydrates. Two multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used for data analysis. E. sakazakii strains were clearly distinguishable from the other strains by PCA. Based upon SIMCA analysis, 90% of E. sakazakii, 88% of E. cloacae, 91% of E. coli and 91% of K. pneumoniae samples were correctly classified, suggesting that this technique could be used to detect E. sakazakii strains rapidly and accurately.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) coupled with multivariate statistical analyses can be used to detect, discriminate and identify Enterobacter sakazakii strains that have been implicated in food safety incidents caused by contaminated infant formula. Compared with traditional microbiological plating methods, this new approach of using FT‐IR could be an alternative means for rapid and accurate detection of bacterial samples that are important in agricultural, food and medical areas.
EFFECT OF SANITIZER STRESS RESPONSE ON THE GROWTH KINETICS OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ON IMITATION CRABMEAT AND IN BROTH AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
Authors: EOM SOYOUN , JUNG YANGJIN , YOON KISUN 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT Two Listeria monocytogenes strains stressed with sodium hypochlorite sanitizers for 5 min were inoculated in broth or onto crabmeat and stored at 4, 10 or 25C. Lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR) of unstressed and stressed L. monocytogenes were compared along with those of L. monocytogenes in pathogen modeling program. Compared with L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313, more rapid growth was observed in the stressed L. monocytogenes isolated from pork bulgogi (Korean marinated steak), regardless of the storage temperature. Overall, the effect of stress response on the growth kinetics was more obvious at 4C, where LT of stressed L. monocytogenes with 75 ppm sanitizer was extended up to four times compared with the unstressed sample. Although the overall growth rate of unstressed and stressed L. monocytogenes increased with the increase of temperature, sanitizer stress mainly affected LT in the growth curve, which varied with the strength of sanitizer, storage temperature and strain.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research can help us to understand the behavior of stressed Listeria monocytogenes with sanitizer and the risk of stressed L. monocytogenes in the RTE foods, such as cooked crabmeat or shrimp at the retail market. Therefore, strict attention must be emphasized on the use of lethal concentration of sanitizer for optimal exposure times to avoid the incidence of sublethal‐injured L. monocytogenes in food processing plants, and thus additional hurdle technology must be considered for the potential growth of stressed L. monocytogenes in foods at the retail markets and home. The results of this study also indicate that the United States Department of Agriculture pathogen modeling program needs to be continuously expanded to include growth kinetics of stressed pathogen, especially L. monocytogenes as this is a psychrotrophic microorganism, which is resistant to various stresses in a food processing environment.
LEMON EXTRACT AS NATURAL PRESERVATIVE IN FRUIT SALAD
Authors: CONTE AMALIA , SCROCCO CARMELA , SINIGAGLIA MILENA , DEL NOBILE MATTEO ALESSANDRO 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT In this study the feasibility of using lemon extract to preserve the microbial quality of fresh fruit salad is addressed. In particular, two different packaging strategies were tested: lemon extract directly dissolved into the fruit solution and lemon extract dissolved into a gelatin that was put at the bottom of the salad tray. The microbiological quality decay kinetic of the differently packed cut fruit, stored at 4C, was determined by monitoring spoilage microorganisms for about 20 days. Results show that the active gel in the packaged fruit salad does not seem to affect to a great extent the growth of the investigated microorganisms; on the contrary, the use of the active solution seems to be effective in inhibiting the growth of the natural spoilage microflora, preserving the microbial quality of the packaged product for a longer time. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe results obtained in this research could be advantageously used by industry as a request of consumer demand for high‐quality convenience food. The present research represents a starting point to develop high safety packaging systems able to prolong the shelf life of fresh cut fruit. Encouraging results on the use of natural products to control postharvest rotting indicate that it is possible to substitute the synthetic compounds with preservatives safer for man and environment.
REDUCTIONS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI, COLIFORMS, AEROBIC PLATE COUNTS AND CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI BY A SMALL‐SCALE, HIGH‐PRESSURE SYSTEM DEVISED TO CLEAN A MINIATURIZED POULTRY GIBLETS TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: OYARZABAL OMAR A. , FERGUS JEFFREY W. , MILLER ROBERT S. , GALE WILLIAM F. , CONNER DONALD E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT The efficacy of using direct high‐pressure hot water (60C, 140F) and a quaternary ammonium compound to clean the inside of stainless steel pipe used to transport chicken giblets was evaluated. The giblets were collected from a commercial processing plant and were inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni. The cleaning system was effective in reducing the numbers of inoculated C. jejuni and naturally occurring mesotrophic bacteria (aerobic plate counts) on the inside surface of the stainless steel pipe used to transport the giblets. However, the decreases in naturally occurring Escherichia coli and coliforms were not significant. These results suggest that additional improvements are needed to better disinfect the piping system used to transport giblets to reduce the potential for cross‐contamination with C. jejuni and E. coli. The devised cleaning system could be optimized to reduce the use of chemical agents, the cleaning time and the cost of cleaning pipes in poultry processing facilities.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThese experiments suggest that the traditional use of hot water and quaternary ammonium compounds to clean the inside of the piping system used to transport chicken giblets may not be sufficient to reduce the contamination with Campylobacter jejuni and mesotrophic bacteria (aerobic plate count). Poultry processors should be aware of the limitations of cleaning closed piping systems and develop and test high‐pressure systems to thoroughly clean the pipes used to transport giblets after processing to avoid potential sources of cross‐contamination with C. jejuni and mesotrophic bacteria.
Molecular characterization of adenovirus circulating in Central and South America during the 2006–2008 period
Authors: García Josefina , Sovero Merly , Laguna‐Torres Victor Alberto , Gomez Jorge , Chicaiza Wilson , Barrantes Melvin , Sanchez Felix , Jimenez Mirna , Comach Guillermo , De Rivera Ivette L. , Agudo Roberto , Arango Ana E. , Barboza Alma , Aguayo Nicolas , Kochel Tadeusz J. 
Published: October 2009

Background  Human Adenoviruses are recognized pathogens, causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Serotype identification is critical for epidemiological surveillance, detection of new strains and understanding of HAdvs pathogenesis. Little data is available about HAdvs subtypes in Latin America.Methods  In this study, we have molecularly characterized 213 adenoviruses collected from ILI presenting patients, during 2006‐08, in Central and South America.Results  Our results indicate that 161(76%) adenoviruses belong to subgroup C, 45 (21%) to subgroup B and 7 (3%) to subtype E4.
Secondary Hypertension in Overweight and Stage 1 Hypertensive Children: A Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium Report
Authors: Kapur Gaurav , Ahmed Maheen , Pan Cynthia , Mitsnefes Mark , Chiang Myra , Mattoo Tej K. 
Published: October 2009

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:34–39. ©2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.According to the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents, stage 1 hypertension is often primary in origin and associated with overweight. In contrast, stage 2 hypertension is more often secondary in origin and, hence, requires more extensive evaluation according to task force recommendations. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate whether the presence of stage 1 hypertension in overweight pediatric patients precludes workup for secondary hypertension (SH). This study included children (5–18 years) with hypertension (defined and staged per task force recommendations) referred to 4 pediatric nephrology centers in the Midwest region. Of the 246 referred patients, 166 patients with primary hypertension (PH) and SH were included for body mass index and hypertension stage analysis. The study revealed no significant differences in the mean age at diagnosis (PH, 13.1±3.1 years; SH, 12.4±3.8 years), distribution of overweight (PH, 89.4% BMI >85th percentile; SH, 80% BMI >85th percentile), and stage 1 (PH, 45%; SH, 40%) or 2 hypertensive (PH,55%; SH, 60%) children between PH vs SH. Overweight and presence of stage 1 hypertension should not preclude evaluation for SH.
Treatment of Hypertension in the Inpatient Setting: Use of Intravenous Labetalol and Hydralazine
Authors: Weder Alan B. , Erickson Steven 
Published: October 2009

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:29–33. ©2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Acute blood pressure elevations are commonly treated in hospitalized patients. There are no guidelines for appropriate practice and no evidence that such treatment is useful. The authors performed a retrospective review of medical and pharmacy records to determine how often intravenous hydralazine and labetalol are ordered and administered. During a 1‐year study period, a total of 29,545 hospitalizations were recorded. The authors identified 2189 patients (7.4% of all patients) for whom 7242 orders were written for hydralazine as needed (10–20 mg per dose) and 5915 for labetalol (10–20 mg per dose). Ordered drugs were adminstered in 60.3% of patients, and the average number of doses administered was 5.3±8.2 (mean ± SD) for hydralazine and 5.6±7.7 for labetalol. Hospital length of stay (LOS) for patients for whom hydralazine was ordered was 12.0±15.9 days for those who received at least 1 dose and 7.1±9.0 days for those who did not receive a dose (P<.001). For patients for whom labetalol was ordered, patients receiving at least 1 dose had an LOS of 11.8±16.1 days vs 7.9±10.4 days for those who did not receive a dose (P<.001). Treatment of elevated blood pressure in in‐patients is a common practice. The authors suggest that evidence is needed to determine whether the practice is of benefit.
Assessing the Validity of the Omron HEM‐907XL Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measurement Device in a National Survey Environment
Authors: Ostchega Yechiam , Nwankwo Tatiana , Sorlie Paul D. , Wolz Michael , Zipf George 
Published: October 2009

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:22–28. ©2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Blood pressure (BP) readings taken by Omron HEM‐907XL were compared with the results obtained using sphygmomanometer (HgS) in 509 individuals using 2002 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) criteria. With the exception of diastolic BP in youth ages 13 to 19 years (mean difference, −1.77 mm Hg; standard deviation, 8.65), the Omron device met the criteria. Agreement for hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) was above chance (κ=0.68) and, compared with HgS, Omron underestimated the prevalence of hypertension by 2.65%. The Omron and HgS measurements were highly correlated (r=0.94 for systolic BP and r=0.83 for diastolic BP). Both increased systolic and diastolic BP decreased device agreement (β‐coefficient=−0.10872, P<.0001; β‐coefficient=−0.25981, P<.0001, respectively). The Omron device meets AAMI criteria with the exception of diastolic BP in youth ages 13 to 19 years. However, Omron underestimated the prevalence of hypertension and device agreement decreases with increased systolic and diastolic BP.
Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long‐Term Monitoring1
Authors: Densmore Roseann V. , Karle Kenneth F. 
Published: October 2009

Densmore, Roseann V. and Kenneth F. Karle, 2009. Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long‐Term Monitoring. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1424‐1433.Abstract:  On a nationwide basis, few stream restoration projects have long‐term programs in place to monitor the effects of floods on channel and floodplain configuration and floodplain vegetation, but long‐term and event‐based monitoring is required to measure the effects of these stochastic events and to use the knowledge for adaptive management and the design of future projects. This paper describes a long‐term monitoring effort (15 years) on a stream restoration project in Glen Creek in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska. The stream channel and floodplain of Glen Creek had been severely degraded over a period of 80 years by placer mining for gold, which left many reaches with unstable and incised streambeds without functioning vegetated floodplains. The objectives of the original project, initiated in 1991, were to develop and test methods for the hydraulic design of channel and floodplain morphology and for floodplain stabilization and riparian habitat recovery, and to conduct research and monitoring to provide information for future projects in similar degraded watersheds. Monitoring methods included surveyed stream cross‐sections, vegetation plots, and aerial, ground, and satellite photos. In this paper we address the immediate and outlying effects of a 25‐year flood on the stream and floodplain geometry and riparian vegetation. The long‐term monitoring revealed that significant channel widening occurred following the flood, likely caused by excessive upstream sediment loading and the fairly slow development of floodplain vegetation in this climate. Our results illustrated design flaws, particularly in regard to identification and analysis of sediment sources and the dominant processes of channel adjustment.
Disproportionate sales of crime guns among licensed handgun retailers in the United States: a case–control study
Authors: Wintemute G J 
Published: October 2009

Objective:To determine risk factors among licensed firearm retailers for disproportionate sales of handguns that are later subjected to ownership tracing, generally after use in crime.Design:Case–control; the study period was 1998–2003. Cases were all eligible firearm retailers whose handguns were later traced at a rate that significantly (p<0.05) exceeded the expected value. Controls were a 4:1 random sample of the remainder. Data were obtained from sales and tracing records for 1998–2003 and site visits conducted August–December, 2004.Subjects and setting:60 cases and 240 controls, from the 573 retailers in California selling ⩾ 50 handguns annually during the study period.Main outcome measure:Status as a case. Odds ratios were used to measure relative risk.Results:In multivariate analyses, cases had larger sales volumes, sold inexpensive handguns more often, had a higher percentage of sales denied because the prospective purchasers were prohibited from owning firearms, and were more likely to be in an urban area, in or near a city with a policy of tracing all recovered crime guns. The effects of several risk factors, including status as a pawnbroker and sales to law enforcement personnel, appeared to be mediated by purchaser characteristics for which denied sales are a proxy measure.Conclusions:A number of factors—most of them characteristics of the retailers or of their handgun purchasers, and most of them available in existing data—were linked to disproportionate sales of handguns that are later used in crime.
Validation of a HOME Injury Survey
Authors: Phelan K J , Khoury J , Xu Y , Lanphear B 
Published: October 2009

Background:There are no validated observational surveys to assess injury hazards in the home environment.Objective:To evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of a survey quantifying home injury hazards for children.Methods:A nested cohort of children in the intervention arm of the Home Observations and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study trial were analysed. The number and density of hazards were quantified by research assistants in the homes of participants at a baseline visit (BHV) for four high-risk rooms (kitchen, main activity room, child’s bathroom and child’s bedroom) and stairways and later at an intervention planning visit (IPV) for the four high-risk rooms and entire household. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation, Bland–Altman analysis of agreement, analysis of variance and κ statistics.Results:There were163 households with measurements at BHV and IPV. The number and density of hazards for the four high-risk rooms correlated significantly between BHV and IPV (r = 0.50 and 0.75, respectively). The number and density of hazards for the four high-risk rooms correlated significantly with that for the whole household at the IPV (r = 0.17 and 0.52, respectively). The number of injury hazards was significantly higher in the kitchen than in the other high-risk rooms, whereas density was highest in the child’s bathroom. Inter-rater reliability between research assistants, as measured by the κ statistic, was excellent with a mean of 0.81.Conclusions:The HOME Injury Survey was a reliable and replicable tool for quantifying residential injury hazards. The density of injury hazards was a more stable and valid measure than the number of injury hazards.
Characteristics of adult male and female firearm suicide decedents: findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Kaplan M S , McFarland B H , Huguet N 
Published: October 2009

Objective:To examine the risk factors and precipitating circumstances associated with firearm suicide.Methods:Data from the restricted National Violent Death Reporting System (2003–6) for 25 491 male and female suicide decedents aged 18 and older were analysed by multiple logistic regression to estimate the relative odds of firearm use with 95% CIs.Results:Firearms were often used in male (58.1%) and female (31.2%) suicides. Among male decedents, older age, veteran status, residing in areas with higher rates of firearm availability, raised blood alcohol concentration, acute crisis and relationship problems were all associated with firearm use. Conversely, men with a diagnosis of a mental health problem, a history of suicide attempts or alcohol problems had lower odds of firearm use. Among female decedents, factors with a significant effect on firearm use included: being older, married, white and a veteran; residing in areas with higher rates of firearm availability; having an acute crisis; having experienced the death of a relative or friend; being depressed; and having relationship problems. Of note, women who had a treated DSM-IV-diagnosed problem, previous suicide attempts and physical health problems were less likely to use firearms.Conclusions:These findings challenge the conventional view that those who are severely depressed and suicidal are prone to highly lethal methods, such as firearms. Rather, firearms users may be reacting to acute situations.
Histories including number of falls may improve risk prediction for certain non-vertebral fractures in older men
Authors: Faulkner K A , Chan B K S , Cauley J A , Marshall L M , Ensrud K E , Stefanick M L , Orwoll E S 
Published: October 2009

Objective:To determine whether information on number of falls on a falls history screen predicts risk of non-vertebral and hip fracture.Methods:A cohort of 5995 community-dwelling men aged 65 years and older (mean 73.7) was followed over 7.2 years for incident non-vertebral fractures. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) for incident fracture comparing a history of one and two or more falls with no falls. Models were adjusted for age, clinic, body mass index, height, femoral neck bone mineral density and whether the participant had a non-trauma fracture after the age of 50. p⩽0.05 was considered to denote significance.Results:There were 498 incident non-vertebral fractures (15.5/1000 person-years) and 121 incident hip fractures (3.6/1000 person-years). Compared with men who had had no falls, the risk of non-vertebral and lower extremity fractures was significantly higher in men with one fall (HR = 1.54 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.96) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.67), respectively) and men with two or more falls (HR = 1.81 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.34) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.61), respectively). The risk of head/chest, upper extremity and hip fractures (HR = 2.22 (95% CI 1.42 to 3.49), 2.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.28) and 1.79 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.98), respectively) was significantly higher for two or more falls than no falls; however, equivalent risks were not significantly higher (HR = 1.36 (95% CI 0.88 to 2.20), 1.55 (95% CI 0.74 to 3.25) and 1.41 (95% CI 0.87 to 2.27), respectively) comparing men with one fall versus no falls.Conclusion:Expanding clinical screens to include an assessment of fall frequencies may improve prediction of older men at risk of head/chest, upper extremity and hip fractures.
REGULARITY RESULTS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ISOTROPIC AND KINEMATIC HARDENING INCLUDING BOUNDARY DIFFERENTIABILITY
Authors: FREHSE JENS , LÖBACH DOMINIQUE 
Published: October 2009

For a flat Dirichlet boundary we prove that the first normal derivatives of the stresses and internal parameters are in L∞(0, T; L1+δ) and in L∞(0, T; H½-δ) up to the boundary. This deals with solutions of elastic–plastic flow problems with isotropic or kinematic hardening with von Mises yield function. We show that the elastic strain tensor ε(u) of three-dimensional plasticity with isotropic hardening is contained in the space [Formula: see text] and in L∞(0,T;H4-δ) up to the flat Dirichlet boundary. We obtain related results concerning traces of ε(u). In the case of kinematic hardening we present a simple proof of the [Formula: see text] inclusion of the elastic strain tensor.