bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Hydrocarbons in Irradiated Chilled Beef by HS‐SPME–GC–MS and Optimization of the Method
Authors: Li An , Ha Yiming , Wang Feng , Li Yanjie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe hydrocarbons 1,7‐hexadecadiene (1,7‐C16:2) and 8‐heptadecene (8‐C17:1), which are used as markers for identifying irradiated chilled beef, were easily detectable in chilled beef irradiated at 0.5 kGy or higher by using a new method of headspace solid‐phase microextraction, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME–GC–MS). The conditions for using SPME were optimized in this study for qualitative and quantitative determination of 1,7‐C16:2 and 8‐C17:1 produced by γ‐radiation in chilled beef. The relationship between irradiation dose and production of hydrocarbons was also studied, which showed good linear correlation with the coefficients of 0.9942 and 0.9943 for 1,7‐C16:2 and 8‐C17:1, respectively. HS‐SPME–GC–MS is a simple and sensitive method for the analysis of hydrocarbons in irradiated chilled beef.
Interaction Between Polar Components and the Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acids on the Oxidative Stability of Emulsions
Authors: Decker Eric A. , Alamed Jean , Castro Inar A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMinor components (polar components) and the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids are the main factors responsible for the oxidative stability of bulk oils and emulsions. The isolated effects of these two factors and their interaction were evaluated in oil–in‐water emulsions stored at 32 °C. Samples of coconut, olive, soybean, linseed and fish oils, both full and stripped of their polar components, were used to prepare the emulsions (1% w/w). The maximum concentration of hydroperoxide (LOOHmax) and the rate of formation of hydroperoxides (μmol L−1 h−1) were used to measure the primary products. Hexanal, propanal and malondialdehyde were used to determine the secondary products of the oxidized emulsions containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. LOOHmax varied from 0.16 to 12.75 mmol/kg among the samples. The interaction between the polar components and the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids was significant (p < 0.001) when the hydroperoxides were evaluated. In general, the degree of unsaturation (β1) and the absence of polar components (β2), respectively, represented 30 and 20% of the contribution to increase the mean oxidation, with the interaction (β12) contribution being more sensitive to the rate of formation of hydroperoxides (16%) than to the LOOHmax (5%). The significance of this interaction suggests that both strategies present synergism and should be applied to improve the oxidative stability of food emulsions.
Rapid screening for the posterior fat pad sign in suspected pediatric elbow fractures using point-of-care ultrasound: a “FAST exam” for the traumatized elbow
Authors: Tsung James W. , Blaivas Michael 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Purpose
Children with elbow injuries frequently present to the emergency department for evaluation. Fractures of the elbow are sometimes not visualized on plain radiographs and the only sign of an occult fracture is an elevated posterior fat pad that normally sits within the olecranon fossa. The elevated posterior fat pad sign is highly sensitive and its absence likely rules out fractures of the elbow and can be readily visualized by ultrasound. Lipohemarthrosis within an elevated fat pad can also be visualized by ultrasound, but not by X-ray. This finding with an elevated posterior fat pat adds additional specificity to rule in elbow fractures.

Methods
We report the use of point-of-care ultrasound to rapidly screen for the presence of the posterior fat pad sign and lipohemarthrosis in a series of children presenting with elbow injuries to the emergency department.

Results
Point-of-care ultrasound identified elevated and normal posterior fat pads that correlated with X-ray. Lipohemarthrosis within an elevated fat pad was also detectable by ultrasonography.

Conclusions
Knowledge of whether a posterior fat pad is elevated or not and noting the presence of lipohemarthrosis by using point-of-care ultrasound may be helpful to expedite diagnosis and treatment of these patients, especially in settings with no access to plain radiography.
Bowel Preparation Regimen for Computed Tomography Colonography
Authors: Behrens Carola , Eddy Richard , Stevenson Giles , Audet Louise , Mathieson John 
Published: March 2010

Purpose This study was designed to determine whether a reduction in oral contrast dose and a change in timing of administration will result in less residual material in the colonic lumen. Method We retrospectively assessed, in a blinded fashion, the amount and nature of residual material in the colon in 40 patients who received computed tomography colonography. Half of the cohort received the standard bowel-preparation regimen, whereas a sex- and age-matched test arm received the modified regimen. A scoring system that consisted of metrics to quantify the nature and extent of residual fluid and solid material was defined. Image analysis was conducted with the investigators blinded to the group assignment of each patient. Three different trained observers independently reviewed and scored the 6 colonic segments in supine and prone positions for each patient in the cohort. In cases in which interobserver discrepancies existed, the observers reanalyzed the images together to come to an agreement on scores. Results The new bowel-preparation regimen resulted in significantly less “sticky coat” ( P < .005), a problematic phenomenon in which the colonic mucosa is covered in a thin coating of residual contrast and fecal material. There was no difference in the amount of residual fluid. Fewer masses of stool were noted with the new preparation, but this was not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion A new bowel-preparation regimen that consisted of lower quantities of contrast administered earlier in the day preceding computed tomography colonography resulted in a lower incidence of adherent contrast and fecal matter. The reduction of this “sticky coat” problem not only improved radiologic analysis of the colon but may permit same-day therapy via colonoscopy if indicated on imaging.
Colloquium – Toward a Reconceptualization of ‘Language’ and ‘Acquisition’ in SLA Research
Authors: Hellermann John , Olsher David 
Published: March 2010

Held at the American Association for Applied Linguistics Annual Conference, Denver, CO, USA; 21 March 2009.This all-day colloquium was part of an ongoing discussion of ways that methods and frameworks from micro-ethnography, Conversation Analysis (CA), and Vygotskian Sociocultural Theory are re-specifying ‘language’ and ‘acquisition’ from a socio-interactional view of SLA.
Children do not overcome lexical biases where adults do: the role of the referential scene in garden-path recovery
Authors: KIDD EVAN , STEWART ANDREW J. , SERRATRICE LUDOVICA 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on a visual world eye-tracking experiment that investigated the differing abilities of adults and children to use referential scene information during reanalysis to overcome lexical biases during sentence processing. The results showed that adults incorporated aspects of the referential scene into their parse as soon as it became apparent that a test sentence was syntactically ambiguous, suggesting they considered the two alternative analyses in parallel. In contrast, the children appeared not to reanalyze their initial analysis, even over shorter distances than have been investigated in prior research. We argue that this reflects the children's over-reliance on bottom-up, lexical cues to interpretation. The implications for the development of parsing routines are discussed.
Exact confidence limits for prevalence of a disease with an imperfect diagnostic test
Authors: REICZIGEL J. , FÖLDI J. , ÓZSVÁRI L. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYEstimation of prevalence of disease, including construction of confidence intervals, is essential in surveys for screening as well as in monitoring disease status. In most analyses of survey data it is implicitly assumed that the diagnostic test has a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. However, this assumption is invalid in most cases. Furthermore, asymptotic methods using the normal distribution as an approximation of the true sampling distribution may not preserve the desired nominal confidence level. Here we proposed exact two-sided confidence intervals for the prevalence of disease, taking into account sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic test. We illustrated the advantage of the methods with results of an extensive simulation study and real-life examples.
Height and weight gains in a nutrition rehabilitation day-care service
Authors: Alves Vieira Maria de Fátima , Ferraro Alexandre Arcanjo , Nascimento Souza Maria Helena do , Fernandes Maria Tereza B , Sawaya Ana Lydia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate nutritional recovery patterns in 106 undernourished children assisted by the Center of Nutritional Recovery and Education (CREN, in Portuguese) between January 1995 and December 1999.DesignCREN assists undernourished children aged 0 to 72 months living in the southern regions of Sao Paulo, in an outpatient setting. Nutritional status was assessed by Z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height. Nutritional recovery evaluation considered Z-score gains in weight-for-age and height-for-age, grouping into four categories (Z-score increment of 0·50 between groups). Children with birth weight less than 2500 g were classified as low birth weight (LBW), while those born at term and with LBW were classified as small for gestational age.SettingCREN (Center of Nutritional Recovery and Education in Portuguese), Sao Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsOne hundred and six children from CREN.ResultsAmong the 106 evaluated children, ninety-eight (92·5 %) recovered their weight or height and seventy-two (67·9 %) recovered both. Nearly half of studied children presented a nutritional recovery (increase in Z-score) of more than 0·50 in height-for-age (46·2 %) and about 40 % in weight-for-age (38·7 %). Multivariate analysis showed that treatment duration and initial weight-for-age contributed to weight-for-age Z-score increment, explaining 25 % of the variation; and treatment duration, initial height-for-age and weight-for-age Z-score increment contributed to height-for-age Z-score increment, explaining 62 % of the variation.ConclusionsOur findings show that nutritional recovery among children who attended CREN was influenced primarily by the degree of nutritional deficit at admission. It has also been shown that biological variables are more important than socio-economic status in determining the rate of nutritional recovery.
The prevalence and correlates of taking folic acid and vitamin supplements among adults aged ≥45 years with CVD
Authors: Zhao Guixiang , Ford Earl S , Li Chaoyang , Mokdad Ali H 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and likelihood of taking folic acid or vitamin supplements among adults with CHD or stroke v. adults without these conditions.DesignA cross-sectional Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System survey was conducted in twelve states of the United States and Puerto Rico in 2006. Self-reported data from participants were collected.SettingThe United States.SubjectsUS non-institutionalised adults (n 41 792), aged ≥45 years.ResultsOf all participants, 5445 had CHD and 2076 had stroke. Significantly higher percentages of women than men reported taking folic acid or vitamin supplements. After adjustment for potential confounders, women with CHD had a significantly lower adjusted prevalence (AP) and adjusted OR (AOR) than women without CHD for taking folic acid less than one time per d (AP = 3·9 % v. 5·5 %; AOR = 0·56; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·81), for taking folic acid one to four times per d (AP = 50·0 % v. 57·5 %; AOR = 0·68; 95 % CI 0·60, 0·79), and for taking vitamin supplements (AP = 60·9 % v. 69·9 %; AOR = 0·66; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·76). Men with CHD had a significantly higher AP (50·4 % v. 46·2 %) and AOR (1·17; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·33) of taking folic acid one to four times per d than men without CHD. In both sexes, adults with stroke were as likely as those without to take these supplements.ConclusionsSubstantial variations in the prevalence and likelihood of taking folic acid or vitamin supplements exist by gender and by CHD status, but not by stroke status.
Modeling the Effects of Restricting Packer‐Owned Livestock in the U.S. Swine Industry
Authors: Wohlgenant Michael K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn imperfectly competitive model of processor (packer) behavior is formulated to estimate welfare effects from restricting alternative marketing arrangements of livestock procured by packers. Pork was aggregated into a composite good and hog supply was partitioned into negotiated (spot), contract, and packer‐owned. The model was estimated with the dynamic SUR method using weekly Mandatory Price Reporting (MPR) hog and pork data from 2001 to 2005. The model incorporates production uncertainty by modeling expected pork output as expected output in the input demand functions. The welfare effects from banning packer‐owned hogs indicate that independent producers, consumers, and packers all would lose.
Prognostic implications of functional mitral regurgitation according to the severity of the underlying chronic heart failure: a long‐term outcome study
Authors: Bursi Francesca , Barbieri Andrea , Grigioni Francesco , Reggianini Letizia , Zanasi Vera , Leuzzi Chiara , Ricci Caterina , Piovaccari Giulia , Branzi Angelo , Modena Maria Grazia 
Published: March 2010

AimsTo examine the independent prognostic role of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and its impact across the severity of chronic heart failure (CHF) in a large population of outpatients with systolic CHF followed at two multidisciplinary clinics.Methods and resultsEchocardiography was performed upon enrolment in 469 CHF patients. Follow‐up for death and heart transplant was updated on January 2007. Five‐year transplant‐free survival was 82.7% in patients with no or Grade I FMR, 64.4% in Grade II, 58.5% in Grade III, and 46.5% in Grade IV (P < 0.0001). There was a strong graded association between FMR and the long‐term risk of death and heart transplant, which remained significant after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.0003). The association between FMR and events was strong and independent in patients with less severe symptoms and in those at lower overall risk based on a propensity score analysis, while it was not significant in patients with more advanced CHF or in the high‐risk subgroup (P < 0.0001 for interactions).ConclusionThis study clarifies previous apparently discrepant results by demonstrating that FMR is an independent determinant of death and heart transplantation only in less severe CHF and in patients with a lower risk profile. This finding indicates that FMR plays a major role in the early phase of CHF, suggesting that this should be the focus of strategies attempting to reduce it.
Critical elements of clinical follow‐up after hospital discharge for heart failure: insights from the EVEREST trial
Authors: Dunlay Shannon M. , Gheorghiade Mihai , Reid Kimberly J. , Allen Larry A. , Chan Paul S. , Hauptman Paul J. , Zannad Faiez , Maggioni Aldo P. , Swedberg Karl , Konstam Marvin A. , Spertus John A. 
Published: March 2010

AimsHospitalized heart failure (HF) patients are at high risk for death and readmission. We examined the incremental value of data obtained 1 week after HF hospital discharge in predicting mortality and readmission.Methods and resultsIn the Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study with tolvaptan, 1528 hospitalized patients (ejection fraction ≤40%) with a physical examination, laboratories, and health status [Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)] assessments 1 week after discharge were included. The ability to predict 1 year cardiovascular rehospitalization and mortality was assessed with Cox models, c‐statistics, and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Not using a beta‐blocker, rales, pedal oedema, hyponatraemia, lower creatinine clearance, higher brain natriuretic peptide, and worse health status were independent risk factors for rehospitalization and death. The c‐statistic for the base model (history and medications) was 0.657. The model improved with physical examination, laboratory, and KCCQ results, with IDI increases of 4.9, 7.0, and 3.2%, respectively (P < 0.001 each). The combination of all three offered the greatest incremental gain (c‐statistic 0.749; IDI increase 10.8%).ConclusionPhysical examination, laboratories, and KCCQ assessed 1 week after discharge offer important prognostic information, suggesting that all are critical components of outpatient evaluation after HF hospitalization.
Subjective social status affects smoking abstinence during acute withdrawal through affective mediators
Authors: Reitzel Lorraine R. , Mazas Carlos A. , Cofta‐Woerpel Ludmila , Li Yisheng , Cao Yumei , Businelle Michael S. , Cinciripini Paul M. , Wetter David W. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives  Direct and mediated associations between subjective social status (SSS), a subjective measure of socio‐economic status, and smoking abstinence were examined during the period of acute withdrawal among a diverse sample of 421 smokers (33% Caucasian, 34% African American, 33% Latino) undergoing a quit attempt.Methods  Logistic regressions examined relations between SSS and abstinence, controlling for socio‐demographic variables. Depression, stress, positive affect and negative affect on the quit day were examined as potential affective mediators of the SSS‐abstinence association, with and without adjusting for pre‐quit mediator scores.Results  SSS predicted abstinence to 2 weeks post‐quit. Abstinence rates were 2.6 (postquit week 1) and 2.4 (postquit week 2) times higher in the highest versus the lowest SSS quartile. Depression and positive affect mediated the SSS–abstinence relationships, but only depression maintained significance when adjusting for the baseline mediator score.Conclusions  Among a diverse sample of quitting smokers, low SSS predicted relapse during acute withdrawal after controlling for numerous covariates, an effect accounted for partially by quit day affective symptomatology. Smokers endorsing lower SSS face significant hurdles in achieving cessation, highlighting the need for targeted interventions encompassing attention to quit day mood reactivity.
Effectiveness of a hospital‐based vascular screening programme (SMART) for risk factor management in patients with established vascular disease or type 2 diabetes: a parallel‐group comparative study
Authors: Brouwer B. G. , Visseren F. L. J. , Algra A. , Van Bockel J. H. , Bollen E. L. E. M. , Doevendans P. A. , Greving J. P. , Kappelle L. J. , Moll F. L. , Pijl H. , Romijn J. A. , Van Der Wall E. E. , Van Der Graaf Y. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.  Brouwer BG, Visseren FLJ, Algra A, van Bockel JH, Bollen ELEM, Doevendans PA, Greving JP, Kappelle LJ, Moll FL, Pijl H, Romijn JA, van der Wall EE, van der Graaf Y (University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; the Netherlands). Effectiveness of a hospital‐based vascular screening programme (SMART) for risk factor management in patients with established vascular disease or type 2 diabetes: a parallel‐group comparative study. J Intern Med 2010; 268:83–93.Aims.  Modification of vascular risk factors is effective in reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis; however, it is difficult to achieve and maintain. The aim of the Risk management in Utrecht and Leiden Evaluation (RULE) study was to assess risk factor status after referral in patients with established vascular disease or type 2 diabetes who took part in the multidisciplinary hospital‐based vascular screening programme, Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease, compared with a group who did not participate in such a programme.Methods and results.  Patients with type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral arterial disease referred by general practitioners to the medical specialist at the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht (a setting with a vascular screening programme of systematic screening of risk factors followed by treatment advice) and the Leiden UMC (a setting without such a screening programme), were enrolled in the study. Blood pressure, levels of lipids, glucose and creatinine, weight, waist circumference and smoking status were measured in patients 12–18 months after referral to the two hospitals.A total of 604 patients were treated in the setting with a vascular screening programme and 566 in the setting without such a programme; 70% of all patients were male, with a mean age of 61 ± 10 years. Amongst screened patients, systolic blood pressure [2.5 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–4.6] and the level of LDL cholesterol (0.3 mmol L−1, 95% CI 0.2–0.4) were lower compared with the group that received usual care, after a median of 16 months from referral.Conclusion.  Systematic screening of risk factors, followed by evidence‐based, tailored treatment advice contributed to slightly better risk factor reduction in patients with established vascular disease or type 2 diabetes. However, a large proportion of patients did not reach the treatment goals according to (inter)national guidelines. Systematic screening of vascular risk factors alone is not enough for adequate risk factor management in high‐risk patients.
The Effect of Male Incubation Feeding, Food and Temperature on the Incubation Behaviour of New Zealand Robins
Authors: Boulton Rebecca L. , Richard Yvan , Armstrong Doug P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBecause of finite resources, organisms face conflict between their own self‐care and reproduction. This conflict is especially apparent in avian species with female‐only incubation, where females face a trade‐off between time allocated to their own self‐maintenance and the thermal requirements of developing embryos. We recorded incubation behaviour of the New Zealand robin (Petroica longipes), a species with female‐only incubation, male incubation feeding and high nest predation rates. We examined how male incubation feeding, ambient temperature and food availability (invertebrate biomass) affected the different components of females’ incubation behaviour and whether incubation behaviour explained variation in nest survival. Our results suggest that male incubation feeding rates of 2.8 per hour affect the female’s incubation rhythm by reducing both on‐ and off‐bout duration, resulting in no effect on female nest attentiveness, thus no support for the female‐nutritional hypothesis. The incubation behaviours that we measured did not explain nest survival, despite high nest predation rates. Increased ambient temperature caused an increase in off‐bout duration, whereas increased food availability increased on‐bout duration. While males play a vital role in influencing incubation behaviour, female robins attempt to resolve the trade‐off between their own foraging needs and the thermal requirements of their developing embryos via alternating their incubation rhythm in relation to both food and temperature.