bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research note: Two measures of conflict orientation
Authors: Bresnahan Mary Jiang , Donohue William A. , Shearman Sachiyo M. , Guan Xiaowen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study analyzed the construct validity of two new measures: the Attitude Toward Conflict Scale and the Mediation Scale. Although both of these measures are still being developed, results of two studies (with 557 participants) suggest that these instruments are valid and reliable measures that might be of use to alternative dispute resolution administrators, other mediation practitioners, and university personnel who deal with conflict as a screening device to measure attitude toward conflict and the mediation process.
Temporal and spatial expression of FGF ligands and receptors during Xenopus development
Authors: Lea Robert , Papalopulu Nancy , Amaya Enrique , Dorey Karel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling plays a major role during early vertebrate development. It is involved in the specification of the mesoderm, control of morphogenetic movements, patterning of the anterior‐posterior axis, and neural induction. In mammals, 22 FGF ligands have been identified, which can be grouped into seven subfamilies according to their sequence homology and function. We have cloned 17 fgf genes from Xenopus tropicalis and have analysed their temporal expression by RT‐PCR and spatial expression by whole mount in situ hybridisation at key developmental stages. It reveals the diverse expression pattern of fgf genes during early embryonic development. Furthermore, our analysis shows the transient nature of expression of several fgfs in a number of embryonic tissues. This study constitutes the most comprehensive description of the temporal and spatial expression pattern of fgf ligands and receptors during vertebrate development to date. Developmental Dynamics 238:1467–1479, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometry methods for the study of cell‐cycle parameters of planarian stem cells
Authors: Kang Hara , Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDue to their characteristic inaccessibility and low numbers, little is known about the cell‐cycle dynamics of most stem cells in vivo. A powerful, established methodology to study cell‐cycle dynamics is flow cytometry, which is used routinely to study the cell‐cycle dynamics of proliferating cells in vitro. Its use in heterogeneous mixtures of cells obtained from whole animals, however, is complicated by the relatively low abundance of cycling to non‐cycling cells. We report on flow cytometric methods that take advantage of the abundance of proliferating stem cells in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. The optimized protocols allow us to measure cell‐cycle dynamics and follow BrdU‐labeled cells specifically in complex mixtures of cells. These methods expand on the growing toolkit being developed to study stem cell biology in planarians, and open the door to detailed cytometric studies of a collectively totipotent population of adult stem cells in vivo. Developmental Dynamics 238:1111–1117, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Penta‐, Hexa‐, and Heptanuclear Organotin–Oxygen Arsonate Clusters Constructed from an Acetate Drum Cluster Precursor and Different Arsonate Anions
Authors: Xie Yun‐Peng , Ma Jian‐Fang , Yang Jin , Liu Ying‐Ying , Ma Ji‐Cheng , Su Min‐Zhong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment of the acetate drum [nBuSn(O)O2CMe]6 withdifferent arsonic acids gave seven organotin arsonate clusters: [(nBuSn)5(μ3‐O)(OH)(R′O)3(RAsO3)4(RAsO3H)] [R = 2‐NO2C6H4, R′ = Me (1a and 1b)], [(nBuSn)3(RAsO3)(μ3‐O)(CH3CO2)3(R′O)2]2 [R = 2,4‐(NO2)2C6H3, R′ = Me (2)], [(nBuSn)3(RAsO3)2(RAsO3H)(μ3‐O)(R′O)2]2 [R = 4‐NO2C6H4, R′ = Me (3)], and [(nBuSn)3(RAsO3)3(μ3‐O)(OH)(R′O)2]2Sn [R = C6H5CH2, R′ = Me (4); R = C6H5CH2, R′ = H (5); R = C6H5, R′ = H (6)]. The pentanuclear motif of 1a and 1b, which consists of [Sn3(μ3‐O)(μ2‐OR′)2] and [Sn2(OH)(μ2‐OR′)] units, was firstly found in organotin compounds. The structures of 2 and 3 possess similar organotin–oxygen clusters. However, the structure of 2 presents the first example of a hexanuclear organotin–oxygen cluster that contains both carboxylate and arsonate ligands. The heptanuclear structures of 4–6, which are composed of two [Sn3(μ3‐O)(μ2‐OR′)2] units connected through hydroxy and arsonate ligands to a single tin atom, were firstly obtained by displacement reactions. The syntheses, structures, and structural interrelationship of these diverse organotin–oxygen clusters are also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of π‐d Interactions in Supramolecular Assemblies Based on TTF‐CH=CH‐Py Ligands Tethered to Mo6Xi8 Octahedral Molybdenum Halide Cluster Cores
Authors: Prabusankar Ganesan , Molard Yann , Cordier Stéphane , Golhen Stéphane , Le Gal Yann , Perrin Christiane , Ouahab Lahcène , Kahlal Samia , Halet Jean‐François 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSynthesis, characterization, and physical properties of [Mo6Xi8(TTF‐CH=CH‐Py)a6]4+ supramolecular assemblies [TTF = tetrathiafulvalene; Py = pyridine; X = Cl (1), Br (2),I (3)] resulting from the reaction between [Mo6Xi8(OSO2CF3)6]2– cluster precursor and TTF‐CH=CH‐Py ligands were investigated. They are based on the association of the strongly delocalized metallic electron [Mo6Xi8]4+ cluster cores with six redox‐active π‐conjugated TTF‐CH=CH‐Py terminal ligands attached to the Mo clusters through the pyridinyl group. Synergetic π‐d interactions between the organic ligands and the cluster core were experimentally evidenced by electrochemistry and absorption measurements, and corroborated by DFT calculations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Insertion Reactions of an Aminogermylene and Formation of a Single‐Source Precursor for GeTe Thin Films
Authors: Chen Tianniu , Hunks William , Chen Philip S. , Stauf Gregory T. , Cameron Thomas M. , Xu Chongying , DiPasquale Antonio G. , Rheingold Arnold L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInsertion reactions between a liquid germylene 1, and either a carbodiimide or dialkyl telluride lead to the formation of the group‐14‐metal(II) guanidinate complex 2 or the stable group‐14‐metal terminal alkyl tellurolate compound 3, respectively. The complexes 2 and 3 were structurally elucidated by multinuclear NMR and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The use of 3 as a single‐source precursor (SSP) for the MOCVD of GeTe films was demonstrated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Iodine‐Promoted Efficient Homocoupling of Arylboronic Acids in PEG‐400 under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Mao Jincheng , Hua Qiongqiong , Xie Guanlei , Yao Zhigang , Shi Daqing 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIodine is able to catalyze the homocoupling of arylboronic acids in moderate to good yields in PEG‐400 under aerobic conditions. This transition‐metal‐free catalytic system is readily available at low cost, which is practical and useful. It is noteworthy that a high activity of our catalytic system could be maintained under mild conditions (100 °C) by addition of water.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Straightforward Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxy Isocyanides
Authors: Bauer Michael , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVarious types of hydroxy isocyanides have been prepared from the corresponding amino alcohols. These hydroxy isocyanides are interesting building blocks for multicomponent reactions and the synthesis of (hydroxyalkyl)oxazoline ligands. The isocyanides are susceptible to cyclization, giving rise to oxazolines. Therefore, they should be prepared freshly before use or be stored below –30 °C.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrochemical Sensor for trans‐Resveratrol Determination Based on Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Modified with Molecularly Imprinted Self‐Assembled Films
Authors: Xiang Hai Yan , Li Wei Guo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA voltammetric sensor for sensitive and specific determination of trans‐resveratrol (RES) were prepared based on immobilization of an RES‐imprinted film on the surface of functionalized Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode, which was modified with γ‐methacyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (γ‐MPS). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was presented to extract RES from the molecularly imprinted polymer film and RES were extracted rapidly and completely. The binding performance of the imprinted electrode with the template RES were investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the imprinted ITO film can give selective recognition to the template RES over that of structurally analogous molecules. A linear response to RES in the concentration range of 2.0×10−6 M to 2.0×10−5 M was observed with a correlation coefficient of 0.992, and the detection limit of the electrochemical sensor was 8.0×10−7 M. Whereas, binding to the reference nonimprinted electrode, made in the same way but without the addition of template RES, there was almost no response to RES.
Prediction of erythemally effective UVB radiation by means of nonlinear regression model
Authors: Láska Kamil , Prošek Pavel , Budík Ladislav , Budíková Marie , Milinevsky Gennadi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOne of the research programs carried out within the Czech‐Ukrainian scientific co‐operation is the monitoring of global solar and ultraviolet radiation at the Vernadsky Station (formerly the British Faraday Station), Antarctica. Radiation measurements have been made since 2002. Recently, a special attention is devoted to the measurements of the erythemally effective UVB radiation using a broadband Robertson Berger 501 UV‐Biometer (Solar Light Co. Inc., USA). This paper brings some results from modelling the daily sums of erythemally effective UVB radiation intensity in relation to the total ozone content (TOC) in atmosphere and surface intensity of the global solar radiation. Differences between the satellite‐ and ground‐based measurements of the TOC at the Vernadsky Station are taken into consideration. The modelled erythemally effective UVB radiation differed slightly depending on the seasons and sources of the TOC. The model relative prediction error for ground‐ and satellite‐based measurements varied between 9.5% and 9.6% in the period of 2002–2003, while it ranged from 7.4% to 8.8% in the period of 2003–2004. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental fire analysis of steel‐to‐timber connections using dowels and nails
Authors: Frangi Andrea , Erchinger Carsten , Fontana Mario 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe paper describes and discusses the results of an extensive testing programme on the structural behaviour of timber connections under ISO‐fire. The results of reference tests performed at normal temperature are also presented. From the variety of timber connections multiple shear steel‐to‐timber connections with dowels and slotted‐in steel plates and connections with steel side plates and annular ringed shank nails were experimentally studied. Particular attention was given to the analysis of the efficiency of different strategies in order to increase the fire resistance of the timber connections. The test results showed that unprotected multiple shear steel‐to‐timber connections with dowels designed for normal temperature reached a fire resistance of about 30 min. A reduction of the load level applied during the fire did not lead to a significant increase of the fire resistance. By increasing the side timber members as well as the end distance of the dowels by 40 mm the connections reached a fire resistance of more than 70 min. Connections protected by timber boards or gypsum plasterboards showed a fire resistance of around 60 min. Thus, from a fire design point of view these strategies were favourable in order to increase the fire resistance of the connections significantly. Unprotected connections with steel side plates and annular ringed shank nails failed already after about 12 min due to large deformations of the nails and the steel side plates directly exposed to fire. By protecting the steel side plates using an intumescent paint the fire resistance of the connections was increased to around 30 min. The test results enlarged the experimental background of timber connections in fire significantly. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct numerical simulation of low Reynolds number flows in an open‐channel with sidewalls
Authors: Joung Younghoon , Choi Sung‐Uk 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA direct numerical simulation of low Reynolds number turbulent flows in an open‐channel with sidewalls is presented. Mean flow and turbulence structures are described and compared with both simulated and measured data available from the literature. The simulation results show that secondary flows are generated near the walls and free surface. In particular, at the upper corner of the channel, a small vortex called inner secondary flows is simulated. The results show that the inner secondary flows, counter‐rotating to outer secondary flows away from the sidewall, increase the shear velocity near the free surface. The secondary flows observed in turbulent open‐channel flows are related to the production of Reynolds shear stress. A quadrant analysis shows that sweeps and ejections are dominant in the regions where secondary flows rush in toward the wall and eject from the wall, respectively. A conditional quadrant analysis also reveals that the production of Reynolds shear stress and the secondary flow patterns are determined by the directional tendency of the dominant coherent structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quadratic stochastic estimation of far‐field acoustic pressure with coherent structure events in a 2D compressible plane mixing layer
Authors: Druault Ph. , Yu M. , Sagaut P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMathematical tools based on cross correlations between aerodynamic quantities of interest inside the shear flow region and the radiated sound pressure are used to investigate noise generation mechanisms in a plane compressible mixing layer. An original methodology relying on an efficient coupling between proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and stochastic estimation procedures is developed to analyze the main aerodynamic mechanisms that govern noise production. POD is used to split the instantaneous flow fluctuations as the sum of three components: the large‐ and small‐scale coherent structures (LCS and SCS) and the background quasi‐Gaussian fluctuations. Based on this flow partitioning, quadratic stochastic estimation is implemented to estimate the far‐field acoustic pressure associated with each flow component. The far field acoustic pressure associated with both LCS and SCS is then investigated. By analyzing the RMS and temporal spectra of the far‐field acoustic pressure, it is observed that the SCSs, as defined thanks to the POD basis, are responsible for the main part of the noise emission. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Stilbene, Benzofuran, and Coumarin Glycosides from Morus alba
Authors: Piao Shu‐Juan , Qiu Feng , Chen Li‐Xia , Pan Ya , Dou De‐Qiang 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFive new compounds, including three new stilbene‐derived glycosides, one novel arylbenzofuran derivative, and one new coumarin glycoside, along with ten known compounds were isolated from the H2O extract of the bark of Morus alba L. The new compounds were assigned to the structures of 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐hydroxyresveratrol 3‐(6‐O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (1), 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐hydroxyresveratrol 3‐(6‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (2), 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐hydroxyresveratrol 4′‐(6‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (3), moracin M 6‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (4), and 5,7‐dihydroxycoumarin 7‐(6‐O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (5) by spectroscopic means, and acid and enzymatic hydrolyses. Three compounds, 2′‐hydroxyresveratrol 2′‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (7), moracin M 3′‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (8), and 6,7‐dihydroxycoumarin 7‐(6‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (9), were found for the first time in Morus alba.
New Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes from the Roots of Ligularia fischeri
Authors: Deng Meicai , Dong Weiwei , Jiao Wei , Lu Runhua 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageNew eremophilane sesquiterpenes, (3β,6β,8α,10β)‐3‐acetyl‐6,8,10‐trihydroxyeremophil‐7(11)‐eno‐12,8‐lactone (1), (3β,6β,8β,10β)‐3‐acetyl‐8,10‐dihydroxy‐6‐(2‐methyl‐1‐oxobutoxy) eremophil‐7(11)‐eno‐12,8‐lactone (2), (3β,6β,10β)‐ and (3β,6β,10α)‐3‐acetyl‐6,10‐dihydroxyeremophila‐7(11),8‐dieno‐12,8‐lactone (3 and 4, resp.), and a dinoreremophilane derivative, (3aR,4R,5S,7aS)‐2‐acetyl‐3a,4,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydro‐7a‐hydroxy‐1H‐inden‐5‐yl acetate (5), were isolated from the roots of Ligularia fischeri. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and the structure of 1 was further confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiment. Among the isolated compounds, lactone 1 exhibited inhibitory activity towards PTP1B with an IC50 value of 1.34 μM in vivo. The other compounds were inactive.
[2+2] Cycloadditions of Electron‐Poor Acetylenes to (5Z)‐5‐[(Dimethylamino)methylene]imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones
Authors: Uršič Uroš , Grošelj Uroš , Meden Anton , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageMicrowave‐assisted [2+2] cycloadditions of acetylene mono‐ and acetylenedicarboxylates 2 to (5Z)‐5‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione 4a or to the corresponding thioxo derivative 4b in MeCN furnished the highly functionalized imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives 5 and 6 or the corresponding thioxo derivatives 5–7 as single isomers or mixtures of two isomers (Schemes 2 and 3, Table 1). When the reaction of (5Z)‐5‐[(dimethylamino)methylene]imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione (4c) with acetylenedicarboxylate 2a was performed in DMF, hydrolysis of the (dimethylamino)methylene group took place to give (2E)‐2‐(2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene)butanedioate 11 (Scheme 5).
Acylated Stilbene Glucosides and Further Constituents from Acanthopanax brachypus
Authors: Hu Hao‐Bin , Zheng Xu‐Dong , Hu Huai‐Sheng , Li Yan 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new acylated stilbene glucosides, (E)‐3‐O‐methylresveratrol 5‐O‐β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐(2″‐vanilloyl)glucopyranoside (1) and (E)‐3‐O‐methylresveratrol 5‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐2″‐[(E)‐feruloyl]glucopyranoside (2), together with five known compounds 2‐methoxyphenyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside, (−)‐syringaresinol‐4,4′‐bis‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, acantrifoside A, β‐sitosterol, and daucosterol, were isolated from the EtOH extract of Acanthopanax brachypus. Their structures were characterized by means of spectroscopic methods, especially by 1H‐, 13C‐, 2D‐NMR, and HR‐MS, as well as by chemical methods and comparison with literature data.
Cathepsin B Inhibitory Tetraene Lactones from the Fungus Talaromyces wortmannii
Authors: Dong Yuesheng , Lin Jie , Lu Xinhua , Zheng Zhihui , Ren Xiao , Zhang Hua , He Jiangong , Yang Junshan 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageWortmannilactones E–H (1–4), four new cathepsin B inhibitors, were produced and isolated from the culture of the soil filamentous fungus Talaromyces wortmannii. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques, three of them (1, 2, and 4) posses an oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane moiety. Compounds 1–4 showed inhibitory activities against cathepsin B with IC50 values of 4.3, 6.5, 13.0, and 6.0 μM, respectively.
Access to elective surgery in New Zealand: considering equity and the private and public mix
Authors: Derrett Sarah , Bevin Tui H. , Herbison Peter , Paul Charlotte 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNew Zealand has a two‐tier health system with elective surgery provided by both publicly funded state hospitals and by private hospitals. Issues of equity should be considered across such systems—where the better off can access surgery in private hospitals regardless of relative clinical need. This study evaluated equity of provision of surgery after the introduction of a prioritization system to manage access. Data for people receiving publicly funded elective joint replacement, prostatectomy or cataract surgery between 2000 and 2005 were obtained, as well as most recent data for people receiving privately funded surgery (2001 and 2002). Denominators were derived from the 2001 census for the population of District Health Board regions. NZDep2001, a small‐area deprivation index, was used to identify people in poorest deciles. Despite the introduction of a prioritization system aimed at increased equity and fairness, the provision of elective surgery remains inequitable geographically. High private provision was not associated with better access to publicly funded surgery. Moreover, the argument that private provision for the well off reduces the burden on the public system allowing better access for the poor was not supported. Consequences of two‐tier health systems, as in New Zealand, need more investigation and public discussion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour in childhood: developmental trends and interrelations
Authors: Laing Sarah V. , Fernyhough Charles , Turner Michelle , Freeston Mark H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies of childhood fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour have been limited by restricted age ranges, narrow ranges of anxiety phenomena, non‐comparable methodologies, and assessment of typical behaviour within a pathological context. Content and intensity of fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour, and associations among these variables, were assessed through a semi‐structured interview individually administered to 142 children aged 7–16 years. Common themes in the content of fear, worry, and ritualistic behaviour varied predictably with age. Intensity ratings for all three phenomena decreased with age, although this decline was only significant between 7 and 10 years. Levels were higher in girls than boys. Fear and worry were positively related, and the regular performance of rituals was related to anxiety across the age range. Worry was more strongly related than fear to engagement in ritualistic behaviour. We consider implications for the understanding of anxiety and ritualistic behaviour in typical and atypical development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.