bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All experience is not created equal: learning, adapting, and focusing in product portfolio management
Authors: Eggers J.P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study explores the contingencies relating firm experience to product development capabilities, focusing on experience type (breadth versus depth) and timing (prior versus concurrent). Results from empirical tests in the U.S. mutual fund industry offer two primary findings. First, firms increase proficiency at adapting their processes to address new opportunities as they accumulate experience in entering new niches, but face initial hurdles broadening their experience base. Second, concurrent learning is capacity constrained, as product quality increases in the number of products introduced simultaneously in one niche, but quality decreases as the firm's concurrent portfolio of new products broadens. Jointly, these findings highlight that dynamic capabilities are built through prior adaptation experience and that management of a product development portfolio is an important managerial capability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercellular adhesion: mechanisms for growth and metastasis of epithelial cancers
Authors: Balzer Eric M. , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCell–cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) comprise a broad class of linker proteins that are crucial for the development of multicellular organisms, and for the continued maintenance of organ and tissue structure. Because of its pivotal function in tissue homeostasis, the deregulation of intercellular adhesion is linked to the onset of most solid tumors. The breakdown of homeostatic cell adhesions in highly ordered epithelial sheets is directly implicated in carcinogenesis, while continued changes in the adhesion profile of the primary tumor mass facilitate growth and expansion into adjacent tissue. Intercellular adhesion molecules are also involved in each subsequent phase of metastasis, including transendothelial migration, transit through the bloodstream or lymphatics, and renewed proliferation in secondary sites. This review addresses various roles of cadherin‐ and selectin‐mediated intercellular adhesion in tumor initiation and malignant transformation, and discusses the mechanisms for the arrest and adhesion of circulating tumor cells to the vessel endothelium. Considering the contributions of these CAMs to cancer progression in the context of a systematic biological framework may prove valuable in identifying new ways to diagnose and treat cancer. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:171–181. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.160This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods
Risk Factors for Mesh‐related Infections After Hernia Repair Surgery: A Meta‐analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Mavros Michael N. , Athanasiou Stavros , Alexiou Vangelis G. , Mitsikostas Pantelis K. , Peppas George , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMesh infection, although infrequent, is a devastating complication of mesh hernioplasties. The aim of this study was to systematically review and synthesize the available evidence on risk factors for synthetic mesh infection after hernioplasty. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases. The extracted data were synthesized with the methodology of meta‐analysis. We identified six eligible studies that reported on 2,418 mesh hernioplasties. The crude mesh infection rate was 5%. Statistically significant risk factors were smoking (risk ratio [RR] = 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.73]; 1,171 hernioplasties), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥3 (RR = 1.40 [1.15, 1.70]; 1,682 hernioplasties), and emergency operation (RR = 2.46 [1.56, 3.91]; 1,561 hernioplasties). Also, mesh infections were significantly correlated with patient age (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 2.63 [0.22, 5.04]; 2,364 hernioplasties), ASA score (WMD = 0.23 [0.08, 0.38]; 1,682 hernioplasties), and the duration of the hernioplasty (WMD = 44.92 [25.66, 64.18]; 833 hernioplasties). A trend toward higher mesh infection rates was observed in obese patients (RR = 1.41 [0.94, 2.11]; 2,243 hernioplasties) and in patients operated on by a resident (in contrast to a consultant; RR = 1.18 [0.99, 1.40]; 982 hernioplasties). Mesh infections usually resulted in mesh removal, and common pathogens included Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and gram‐negative bacteria. Patient age, ASA score, smoking, and the duration and emergency setting of the operation were found to be associated with the development of synthetic mesh infection. The heterogeneity of the available evidence should be taken under consideration. Prospective studies with a meticulous follow‐up are warranted to further investigate mesh‐related infections.
Regulatory responses to excess zinc ingestion in growing rats
Authors: Fujimura Tomoya , Matsui Tohru , Funaba Masayuki 
Published: September 2011

The growth of weaning piglets is effectively improved by feeding a high-Zn diet (3000 mg Zn/kg of diet). The present study examined whether feeding a diet supplemented with Zn (1016–3000 mg/kg) for 10 d induces growth benefits in rats. In addition, tissue weight, Zn content of tissues and expression of Zn transporters were examined in these rats. Zn supplementation did not significantly increase body weight. Breaking line model analyses indicated that the weight of the pancreas, the organ most sensitive to excess Zn, significantly decreased with increasing Zn intake beyond 15·2 mg/d. Excess Zn has been suggested to accumulate in the liver, kidney and bone in order to protect the pancreas. Zn concentrations in the plasma, liver, kidney and femur increased with increasing Zn intake up to approximately 30 mg/d, whereas those in the pancreas increased up to 8·4 mg/d and decreased by Zn intake beyond 8·4 mg/d. The expression levels of the Zn transporters Zip4 and ZnT1 in the intestinal epithelium were significantly lower in rats fed a diet supplemented with 1016 mg/kg Zn compared to those fed the basal diet. The present study reveals that (1) excess Zn intake does not accelerate growth in rats, but is detrimental to the pancreas, (2) the excess Zn is effectively accumulated in the liver, kidney and bone, without sufficient protection of the pancreas and (3) expression of Zn transporters is down-regulated in response to excess Zn intake.
Effects of climatic elements on Campylobacter-contaminated chicken products in Japan
Authors: ISHIHARA K. , TAKAHASHI R. , ANDOH M. , MAKITA K. , KAMIJI S. , UENO H. , MURAMATSU Y. , TAMURA Y. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYJapanese weather data for areas that produced Campylobacter spp.-positive chicken products were compared with those for areas producing negative samples. Regarding samples produced during the period of rising temperature (spring and summer), the mean weekly air temperatures for Campylobacter-positive samples were higher than those for negative samples for the period of the week in which the samples were purchased (18·7°C vs. 13·1°C, P=0·006) to a 12-week lag (12 weeks before purchasing samples; 7·9°C vs. 3·4°C, P=0·009). Significant differences in weekly mean minimum humidity and sunshine duration per day were also observed for 1- and 2-week lag periods. We postulated that the high air temperature, high humidity and short duration of sunshine for the chicken-rearing period increased Campylobacter colonization in chickens during the period of rising temperature. Consequently, the number of Campylobacter-contaminated chicken products on the market in Japan may fluctuate because of the climatic conditions to which reared chickens are exposed.
Zoonotic bacteria, antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish: a systematic review of the existing research and survey of aquaculture-allied professionals
Authors: WEIR M. , RAJIĆ A. , DUTIL L. , CERNICCHIARO N. , UHLAND F. C. , MERCIER B. , TUŠEVLJAK N. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYUsing systematic review methodology, global research reporting the frequency of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in ornamental fish, and human illness due to exposure to ornamental fish, was examined. A survey was performed to elicit opinions of aquaculture-allied personnel on the frequency of AMU and AMR in ornamental fish. The most commonly reported sporadic human infections were associated withMycobacterium marinum, whileSalmonellaParatyphi B var. Java was implicated in all reported outbreaks.Aeromonasspp. were most frequently investigated (n=10 studies) in 25 studies surveying ornamental fish from various sources. High levels of resistance were reported to amoxicillin, penicillin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline, which was also in agreement with the survey respondents' views. Studies on AMU were not found in our review. Survey respondents reported frequent use of quinolones, followed by tetracyclines, nitrofurans, and aminoglycosides. Recommendations for future surveillance and public education efforts are presented.
Rapid assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness: analysis of an internet-based cohort
Authors: EAMES K. T. D. , BROOKS-POLLOCK E. , PAOLOTTI D. , PEROSA M. , GIOANNINI C. , EDMUNDS W. J. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe effectiveness of influenza vaccination programmes is seldom known during an epidemic. We developed an internet-based system to record influenza-like symptoms and response to infection in a participating cohort. Using self-reports of influenza-like symptoms and of influenza vaccine history and uptake, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) without the need for individuals to seek healthcare. We found that vaccination with the 2010 seasonal influenza vaccine was significantly protective against influenza-like illness (ILI) during the 2010–2011 influenza season (VE 52%, 95% CI 27–68). VE for individuals who received both the 2010 seasonal and 2009 pandemic influenza vaccines was 59% (95% CI 27–77), slightly higher than VE for those vaccinated in 2010 alone (VE 46%, 95% CI 9–68). Vaccinated individuals with ILI reported taking less time off work than unvaccinated individuals with ILI (3·4 daysvs. 5·3 days,P<0·001).
FieldML
Authors: Miller Andrew , Nielsen Poul , Bradley Christopher , Britten Randall , Christie Richard , Hunter Peter , Little Caton 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFieldML is an open format for storing and exchanging models containing field information. It is able to represent a wide variety of field value types, including scalar, vector, tensor, logical, and strings. Fields are defined over domains explicitly in terms of functions. Domains may be nested to form embedding hierarchies.
Identifiers.org/MIRIAM Registry annotation and cross-referencing framework
Authors: Juty Nick , Laibe Camille , Le Novere Nicolas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe describe the MIRIAM Registry, which forms a foundation layer database upon which persistent, unambiguous and perennial identifiers of data can be built. We describe the existing MIRIAM URI identifiers, and the newly minted resolvable, parallel forms of these identifiers which use Identifiers.org URLs.
Cytochrome P450 3A expression and function in liver and intestinal mucosa from dexamethasone‐treated sheep
Authors: MATÉ M. L. , LIFSCHITZ A. , SALLOVITZ J. , BALLENT M. , MUSCHER A. S. , WILKENS M. R. , SCHRÖDER B. , LANUSSE C. , VIRKEL G. 
Published: September 2011

Maté, M. L., Lifschitz, A., Sallovitz, J., Ballent, M., Muscher, A. S., Wilkens, M. R., Schröder, B., Lanusse, C., Virkel, G. Cytochrome P450 3A expression and function in liver and intestinal mucosa from dexamethasone‐treated sheep. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 319–328.The effects of repeated administrations of dexamethasone (DEX) (3 mg/kg/day by IM route for 7 days) on the gene expression profile of a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A28‐like isoenzyme, on the expression of a CYP3A‐immunoreactive protein and on CYP3A‐dependent metabolic activities in sheep liver and small intestinal mucosa were evaluated in the current work. CYP 3A‐dependent metabolic activities (erythromycin and triacetyl‐oleandomycin N‐demethylations) were assessed in microsomal fractions. The mRNA expression of CYP3A28‐like, glucocorticoid receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor and retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) was determined by quantitative real‐time PCR. The expression of a CYP3A‐immunoreactive protein was measured by Western blot analyses. In the liver, DEX treatment increased CYP3A28‐like mRNA levels (2.67‐fold, P < 0.01) and CYP3A apoprotein expression (1.34‐fold, P < 0.05) and stimulated CYP3A‐dependent metabolism. High and significant correlation coefficients between CYP3A‐dependent activities and CYP3A28‐like gene (r = 0.835–0.856, P < 0.01) or protein (r = 0.728–0.855, P < 0.05) expression profiles were observed. Among the transcriptional factors, DEX only stimulated (2.1‐fold, P < 0.01) the mRNA expression of RXRα. In sheep small intestine, DEX caused a slight increment (34.6%, P < 0.05) in erythromycin N‐demethylase activity in the jejunal mucosa and a significant enhancement (P < 0.05) of CYP3A apoprotein level in the duodenal mucosa.
Costs of dengue prevention and incremental cost of dengue outbreak control in Guantanamo, Cuba
Authors: Baly Alberto , Toledo Maria E. , Rodriguez Karina , Benitez Juan R. , Rodriguez Maritza , Boelaert Marleen , Vanlerberghe Veerle , Van der Stuyft Patrick 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective To assess the economic cost of routineAedes aegypticontrol in an at‐risk environment without dengue endemicity and the incremental costs incurred during a sporadic outbreak.Methods The study was conducted in 2006 in the city of Guantanamo, Cuba. We took a societal perspective to calculate costs in months without dengue transmission (January–July) and during an outbreak (August–December). Data sources were bookkeeping records, direct observations and interviews.Results The total economic cost per inhabitant (p.i.) per month. (p.m.) increased from 2.76 USD in months without dengue transmission to 6.05 USD during an outbreak. In months without transmission, the routineAedescontrol programme cost 1.67 USD p.i. p.m. Incremental costs during the outbreak were mainly incurred by the population and the primary/secondary level of the healthcare system, hardly by the vector control programme (1.64, 1.44 and 0.21 UDS increment p.i. p.m., respectively). The total cost for managing a hospitalized suspected dengue case was 296.60 USD (62.0% direct medical, 9.0% direct non‐medical and 29.0% indirect costs). In both periods, the main cost drivers for theAedescontrol programme, the healthcare system and the community were the value of personnel and volunteer time or productivity losses.Conclusions Intensive efforts to keepA. aegyptiinfestation low entail important economic costs for society. When a dengue outbreak does occur eventually, costs increase sharply. In‐depth studies should assess which mix of activities and actors could maximize the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of routineAedescontrol and dengue prevention.
Effects of a 10‐year conservation programme on the genetic diversity of the Pottoka pony – new clues regarding their origin
Authors: Rendo F. , Iriondo M. , Manzano C. , Estonba A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryHere, we present the results of a genetic analysis of 463 Pottoka ponies corresponding to four generations, using 17 microsatellite markers. Ten years after the beginning of the Pottoka conservation programme, the values for the genetic diversity of the breed are still high and stable, indicating the success of the programme. We found null alleles in Pottoka for the ASB23, HMS3 and HTG10 microsatellites. Together with information obtained from other pony breeds from the Iberian Peninsula, this finding indicates that these microsatellites should not be used for phylogenetic analyses or parentage tests, at least for these breeds. The high heterozygosity exhibited by this breed in comparison to other ponies, together with its genetic proximity to the centroid of the allele frequencies, suggest that Pottoka allele frequencies are close to those initially exhibited by the ancestors of current European ponies. The results obtained in the current work, together with results from previous studies of ponies and horses from the Iberian Peninsula, corroborate the idea of a unique origin of all ponies from the European Atlantic Area. In contrast, our results do not corroborate the idea that these are derived from a domestication event in the Iberian Peninsula, nor that they have incorporated ancient Iberian horse genes into their genetic pool to a larger extent than other horse breeds.
Growth dependence of conjugation explains limited plasmid invasion in biofilms: an individual‐based modelling study
Authors: Merkey Brian V. , Lardon Laurent A. , Seoane Jose M. , Kreft Jan‐Ulrich , Smets Barth F. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPlasmid invasion in biofilms is often surprisingly limited in spite of the close contact of cells in a biofilm. We hypothesized that this poor plasmid spread into deeper biofilm layers is caused by a dependence of conjugation on the growth rate (relative to the maximum growth rate) of the donor. By extending an individual‐based model of microbial growth and interactions to include the dynamics of plasmid carriage and transfer by individual cells, we were able to conduct in silico tests of this and other hypotheses on the dynamics of conjugal plasmid transfer in biofilms. For a generic model plasmid, we find that invasion of a resident biofilm is indeed limited when plasmid transfer depends on growth, but not so in the absence of growth dependence. Using sensitivity analysis we also find that parameters related to timing (i.e. a lag before the transconjugant can transfer, transfer proficiency and scan speed) and spatial reach (EPS yield, conjugal pilus length) are more important for successful plasmid invasion than the recipients' growth rate or the probability of segregational loss. While this study identifies one factor that can limit plasmid invasion in biofilms, the new individual‐based framework introduced in this work is a powerful tool that enables one to test additional hypotheses on the spread and role of plasmids in microbial biofilms.
Effects of ocean acidification on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Witt Verena , Wild Christian , Anthony Kenneth R. N. , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo , Uthicke Sven 
Published: September 2011

SummaryRising anthropogenic CO2 emissions acidify the oceans, and cause changes to seawater carbon chemistry. Bacterial biofilm communities reflect environmental disturbances and may rapidly respond to ocean acidification. This study investigates community composition and activity responses to experimental ocean acidification in biofilms from the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Natural biofilms grown on glass slides were exposed for 11 d to four controlled pCO2 concentrations representing the following scenarios: A) pre‐industrial (∼300 ppm), B) present‐day (∼400 ppm), C) mid century (∼560 ppm) and D) late century (∼1140 ppm). Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone library analyses of 16S rRNA genes revealed CO2‐correlated bacterial community shifts between treatments A, B and D. Observed bacterial community shifts were driven by decreases in the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and increases of Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes) at increased CO2 concentrations, indicating pH sensitivity of specific bacterial groups. Elevated pCO2 (C + D) shifted biofilm algal communities and significantly increased C and N contents, yet O2 fluxes, measured using in light and dark incubations, remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that bacterial biofilm communities rapidly adapt and reorganize in response to high pCO2 to maintain activity such as oxygen production.
Beyond the oral microbiome
Authors: Jenkinson Howard F. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe human oral microbiome currently comprises 600–700 taxa, but estimates suggest that overall species numbers may turn out to be higher (∼1200). Within the oral cavity, groups of microbial species become arranged into surface‐localized communities that vary considerably in composition according to sites of establishment. Factors such as nutrient availability, pH, toxic metabolites, shear forces and host conditions contribute to modelling the structure and activities of these oral microbial communities. With development of more rapid and accurate molecular techniques it has become possible to begin to characterize the genome contents of individual communities. However, understanding the phenotypic interactions between cultivable microorganisms within communities is essential in order to complement the genomic data. This will then enable construction of microbial community interactomes, incorporating genomic and spatial information with functional knowledge of physical and metabolic interplays between the microorganisms. Enlightenment of the changes in genome composition and phenotypic interactions as functions of niche, time and intrusions will help towards developing better means of manipulating communities for host benefit.
Survival after elective surgery for colonic cancer in Denmark
Authors: Perdawid S. K. , Hemmingsen L. , Boesby S. ,   on behalf of The Danish Colorectal Cancer Group
Published: September 2011

AbstractAim  Total mesorectal excision (TME) has been shown to improve the outcome for patients with rectal cancer. In contrast, there are fewer data on complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colonic cancer.Method  Data from the National Colorectal Cancer Database were analysed. This includes about 95% of all patients with colorectal cancer in Denmark. Only patients having elective surgery for colonic cancer in the period 2001–2008 were included. Overall and relative survival analyses were carried out. The study period was divided into the periods 2001–2004 and 2005–2008.Results  9149 patients were included for the final analysis. The overall 5‐year survival rates were 0.65 in 2001–2004 and 0.66 in 2005–2008. The relative 5‐year survival rates were also within 1% of each other. None of these comparisons was statistically significant.Conclusion  Survival following elective colon cancer surgery has been almost unchanged since 2001.