bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological study of the nasal septal cartilage in BALB/c‐bm/bm mouse which spontaneously induces malocclusion
Authors: Takahashi K. , Kajii T. S. , Tsukamoto Y. , Saito F. , Wada S. , Sugawara‐Kato Y. , Iida J. 
Published: March 2012

Takahashi K., Kajii T. S., Tsukamoto Y., Saito F., Wada S., Sugawara‐Kato Y., Iida J. Histological study of the nasal septal cartilage in BALB/c‐bm/bm mouse which spontaneously induces malocclusion  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 15: 84–91. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjectives –  The BALB/c‐bm/bm mouse is characterized by short limbs and short tail attributed to undersulfated glycosaminoglycans. Anterior transverse crossbite sometimes spontaneously appears in BALB/c‐bm/bm mice. The BALB/c‐bm/bm mouse shows a short nose and cranium. The reason for hypo‐growth of anterior craniofacial structures has not been clarified, although the nasal septal cartilage might be related to the growth of anterior craniofacial structures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate histological findings of the nasal septal cartilage at the border region of the ethmoid and sphenoid bone in BALB/c‐bm/bm mice.Materials and Methods –  BALB/c mice (wild type) and BALB/c‐bm/bm mice with normal occlusion (bm/bm) were used. Sagittal sections of female mice aged 2, 4, and 8 weeks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis.Results –  At the border region between the nasal septal cartilage and the ethmoid bone in bm/bm, the area of proliferative zone was significantly smaller than that in wild type. At the border regions between the nasal septal cartilage and both the ethmoid and sphenoid bones, the number of proliferative chondrocytes was significantly smaller. Normal endochondral ossification was not observed at the border region between the nasal septal cartilage and the sphenoid bone in bm/bm.Conclusion –  The findings suggest that disorder of endochondral ossification in the nasal septal cartilage contributes to the hypo‐growth of anterior craniofacial structures in bm/bm.
Statistical modelling of lip movement in the clinical context
Authors: Popat H. , Zhurov A. I. , Toma A. M. , Richmond S. , Marshall D. , Rosin P. L. 
Published: March 2012

Popat H., Zhurov A. I., Toma A. M., Richmond S., Marshall D., Rosin P. L. Statistical modelling of lip movement in the clinical context  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 15: 92–102. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjective –  To establish three‐dimensional (3D) reference data on average lip movement in normal healthy subjects using statistical shape analysis techniques.Setting and Sample Population –  School of Dentistry and Cardiff School of Computer Science, Cardiff University, United Kingdom. One hundred and fifteen white subjects.Material and Methods –  Subjects performed four reproducible verbal gestures (puppy, rope, baby and bob) in a normal relaxed manner, which were captured using a non‐invasive, 3D motion scanner (3dMDFace™ Dynamic System). Six landmarks were manually placed around the lips of the 3D facial shells showing maximum lip displacement. Generalized procrustes analysis followed by principal component analysis was applied to the landmark coordinates to characterize lip movement for each word.Results –  The first four principal components (PCs) describe the majority of variation in lip movement for the four words involving a complex interaction of lip movements in three dimensions. Bilateral landmarks were paired within PCs showing that movement was largely symmetrical. Female resting lip shape was narrower and shorter in height than males. During motion, females preferred a more protrusive articulation than males.Conclusion –  Statistical shape analysis techniques can be used to characterize lip movement during articulation. Data from this study can act as a reference for average lip movement to compare similar population groups.
Dental arch relationship in 5‐year‐olds with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate after early alveolar bone grafting
Authors: Offert B. , Pazera P. , Janiszewska‐Olszowska J. , Hozyasz K. , Katsaros C. , Fudalej P. S. 
Published: March 2012

Offert B., Pazera P., Janiszewska‐Olszowska J., Hozyasz K., Katsaros C., Fudalej PS. Dental arch relationship in 5‐year‐olds with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate after early alveolar bone grafting  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012; 15: 117–123. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SStructured AbstractObjective –  To evaluate dental arch relationship in preschoolers with unilateral cleft lip and palate after early alveolar bone grafting (ABG).Materials and methods –  Three raters blindly assessed the dental arch relationship with the GOSLON Yardstick (using a 5‐point scale, from 1 – very good to 5 – very poor outcome) in Early‐grafted group (27 boys and 15 girls; mean age = 5.2 years, SD 0.5) and Non‐grafted group (17 boys and 12 girls; mean age = 5.8 years, SD 0.8). The groups differed regarding the age when ABG was performed: between 2 and 4 years (mean = 2.4, SD 0.6) in the Early‐grafted group and after 9 years in the Non‐grafted group. The strength of agreement of rating was evaluated with kappa statistics.Results –  The intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement was high (κ > 0.800). The mean GOSLON score in the Early‐grafted group was 2.72 and in the Non‐grafted group −2.64. The distribution of the GOSLON grades in the Early‐grafted group was: 54.8% had a score 1 or 2, 23.8%– 3, and 21.4%– 4 or 5; in the Non‐grafted group, 38.0% subjects scored 1 or 2, 41.4%– 3, and 20.6%– 4 or 5 (p = 0.023).Conclusions –  Early alveolar bone grafting carried out between the ages of 2 and 4 years was not found to negatively affect dental arch relationship by the age of 5 years. However, it is possible that such a negative effect could be found if a longer observation period (e.g. at age 10 years or age 15 years) was allowed.
Newborn feeding behaviour depressed by intrapartum oxytocin: a pilot study
Authors: Olza Fernández Ibone , Marín Gabriel Miguel , Malalana Martínez Ana , Fernández‐Cañadas Morillo Aurora , López Sánchez Francisco , Costarelli Valeria 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  To investigate the effect intrapartum oxytocin administration can have on Primitive Neonatal Reflexes. The secondary objective was to observe the influence of intrapartum oxytocin may have on breastfeeding.Methods:  Twenty healthy primiparae with a single gestation at term were included. To assess Primitive Neonatal Reflexes, video film was taken during an experimental situation designed to elicit Primitive Neonatal Reflexes. Three independent observers blinded to the oxytocin dose that had been administered coded the Primitive Neonatal Reflexes. Data regarding breastfeeding were collected by telephone at 3 months.Results:  Medium oxytocin dose was 1931.9 ± 1754.4 mUI. A Kappa index >0.75 was obtained for four Primitive Neonatal Reflexes: swallow, jaw jerk, suck and gazing. A negative association was found between oxytocin dose and sucking (p = 0.03). At 3 months of life, women exclusively breastfeeding (63.1%) had received a significantly lower average dose of oxytocin than those not exclusively breastfeeding (36.8%) (p = 0.04).Conclusion:  In this pilot study, intrapartum exogenous oxytocin seems to disturb sucking and breastfeeding duration. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to ascertain whether there could be other effects of intrapartum oxytocin on newborn behaviour.
Antiretroviral use in Italian children with perinatal HIV infection over a 14‐year period
Authors: Chiappini Elena , Galli Luisa , Tovo Pier‐Angelo , Gabiano Clara , Lisi Catiuscia , Giacomet Vania , Bernardi Stefania , Esposito Susanna , Rosso Raffaella , Giaquinto Carlo , Badolato Raffaele , Guarino Alfredo , Maccabruni Anna , Masi Massimo , Cellini Monica , Salvini Filippo , Di Bari Cesare , Dedoni Maurizio , Dodi Icilio , de Martino Maurizio ,   for the Italian Register for HIV infection in children
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  Information on the use of new antiretroviral drugs in children in the real setting of clinical fields is largely unknown.Methods:  Data from 2554 combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens administered to 911 children enrolled in the Italian Register for HIV infection in children, between 1996 and 2009, were analysed. Factors potentially associated with undetectable viral load and immunological response to cART were explored by Cox regression analysis.Results:  Proportion of protease inhibitor (PI)‐based regimens significantly decreased from 88.0% to 51.2% and 54.9%, while proportion on non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based regimens increased from 4.5% to 38.8% and 40.2% in 1996–1999, 2000–2004 and 2005–2009, respectively (p < 0.0001). Significant change in the use of each antiretroviral drug occurred over the time periods (p < 0.0001). Factors independently associated with virological and immunological success were as follows: later calendar periods, younger age at regimen (only for virological success) and higher CD4+ T‐lymphocyte percentage at baseline. Use of unboosted PI was associated with lower adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of virological or immunological success with respect to NNRTI‐ and boosted PI‐based regimens, with no difference among these two latter types.Conclusion:  Use of new generation antiretroviral drugs in Italian HIV‐infected children is increasing. No different viro‐immunological outcomes between NNRTI‐ and boosted PI‐based cART were observed.
Challenging symptoms in children with rare life‐limiting conditions: findings from a prospective diary and interview study with families
Authors: Malcolm C , Hain R , Gibson F , Adams S , Anderson G , Forbat L 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim was to describe the nature, frequency, severity and management challenges of symptoms in children with two rare life‐limiting conditions [Mucopolysaccharide (MPS) and Batten disease].Methods:  This was an embedded mixed‐method study set in the UK between 2009 and 2011. Twenty‐six children from 23 families took part. Seventeen children had an MPS condition [MPS III (Sanfilippo) n = 15; MPS I (Hurler) n = 1; MPS IVA (Morquio); n = 1]. Nine children had Batten disease. Prospective data relating to symptoms were collected over 8 weeks using a symptom diary, and qualitative retrospective interviews with families were conducted. Main outcome measures included frequency, severity rating and identification of most challenging symptoms to manage.Results:  The most common and severe symptoms in MPS III were agitation, repetitive behaviours, hyperactivity and disturbed sleep, and in Batten disease were agitation, joint stiffness, secretions, and disturbed sleep. The data highlighted the high prevalence of behavioural symptoms. Distress caused to families by symptoms was not related simply to their occurrence, but to difficulty in management, likelihood of control and extent to which they signalled disease progression and decline.Conclusion:  In challenging contrast to the dominant biomedical framing of these rare conditions it was behavioural symptoms, rather than the physical ones, that families documented as most frequent, severe and challenging to manage. The diary developed for this study has potential use in aiding parents and clinicians to document and communicate concerns about symptoms.
Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children
Authors: Dencker Magnus , Wollmer Per , Karlsson Magnus K. , Lindén Christian , Andersen Lars B. , Thorsson Ola 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  We analysed whether total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat and body fat distribution are associated with higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young children.Methods:  Cross‐sectional study of 238 children aged 8–11 years. TBF and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Absorptiometry. TBF was expressed as a percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z‐scores were calculated. Sum of z‐scores for SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT and −VO2PEAK was calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score.Results:  Pearson correlations between ln BF%, ln AFM and AFM/TBF versus composite risk factor score for boys were r = 0.56, r = 0.59 and r = 0.48, all p < 0.001, and for girls r = 0.45, r = 0.50 and r = 0.48, all p < 0.001.Conclusion:  Total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution were all associated with higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in young children.
Grassland diversity under changing productivity and the underlying mechanisms – results of a 10‐yr experiment
Authors: Liira Jaan , Ingerpuu Nele , Kalamees Rein , Moora Mari , Pärtel Meelis , Püssa Kersti , Roosaluste Elle , Saar Liina , Tamme Riin , Zobel Kristjan , Zobel Martin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the response of the grassland community to either increasing or decreasing productivity? Which are the possible mechanisms underlying vegetation change, addressing in particular the relative role of competition and dispersal limitation? What are the implications for grassland management?LocationMesophyte semi‐natural grassland in southeast Estonia (58°06′37′′ N, 27°4′14′′ E).MethodsWe decreased grassland productivity by adding sugar and increased productivity by fertilizing in a 10‐yr experiment, using four plot scales for treatments. We also conducted sowing experiment with Plantago lanceolata as a phytometer and describe the soil seed bank in experimental plots.ResultsWe found that in comparison to control plots, fertilization decreased species richness, increased the dominance of a few species and prevented the establishment of sown P. lanceolata. Although the sugar treatment decreased the standing crop, plant communities diverged little from the control over the 10 yr. Beta‐diversity decreased over time in the control and sugar‐treated plots, and increased in the fertilized plots. In plots with the least fertilization, species richness began to increase from year 9, probably due to the immigration of species from outside the treatment area. There were several grassland species in the surrounding vegetation or in the seed bank, but these did not appear in the sugar‐treated plots over the 10‐yr experimental period.ConclusionsThe short‐term response of grassland communities to changing productivity is driven by competition, presumably most importantly by competition for light, and the role of dispersal limitation is small. However, long‐term dynamics in the community where the standing crop decreased is dispersal‐limited. Given that there is a source of additional species, local immigration may reverse the decrease in diversity due to eutrophication. Biomass removal and the suppression of productivity (soil fertility) are primary goals of semi‐natural grassland management and also during the creation of sown grassy strips at field margins, but in the case of grassland restoration, enhancement of long‐distance arrival of grassland species should be supported.
Selection and validation of quality indicators for the Shorter Stays in Emergency Departments National Research Project
Authors: Jones Peter , Harper Alana , Wells Susan , Curtis Elana , Carswell Peter , Reid Papaarangi , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective: Despite the spread of time targets for ED lengths of stay around the world, there have been few studies exploring the effects of such policies on quality of ED care. The Shorter Stays in Emergency Departments (SSED) National Research Project seeks to address this. The purpose of this paper was to describe how the indicators for the SSED study in New Zealand were selected and validated.Methods: A literature review was used to identify potential indicators. A reference group of 25 key stakeholders from across the health system was convened, with the aims of validating the suggested indicators and to ensure that other candidate indicators were not overlooked. A thematic analysis using a general inductive approach was used to analyse focus group discussions.Results: The major themes were communication, access, timeliness, appropriateness and satisfaction. The 12 indicators selected after literature review were confirmed and two further indicators added after the thematic analysis. The indicators are: hospital and ED length of stay; re‐presentation within 48 h; mortality; times to reperfusion, antibiotics, asthma treatment, analgesia, CT for head injury and to theatre (appendicitis and fractured neck of femur); triage time compliance; proportion who left without being seen; quality of discharge information; and ED overcrowding/access block.Conclusion: Through literature review and consultation with stakeholders, an evidence‐based and clinically relevant set of indicators was compiled with which to measure the effect of the SSED target. This indicator set is consistent with recent international recommendations for measuring quality of care in EDs.
Intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters
Authors: Lou Yu-Qing , Wu Yihong 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
There have been reports of possible detections of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in globular clusters (GCs). Empirically, there exists a tight correlation between the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass and the mean velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, ‘pseudo-bulges’ and classical bulges of spiral galaxies. We explore such a possible correlation for IMBHs in spherical GCs. In our model of self-similar general polytropic quasi-static dynamic evolution of GCs, a heuristic criterion of forming an IMBH is proposed. The key result is , where MBH is the IMBH mass, σ is the GC mean stellar velocity dispersion, is a coefficient and 2/3 &lt; n &lt; 1. Available observations are examined.
Computational Studies on the Resistance of Penicillin‐Binding Protein 2B (PBP2B) of Wild‐type and Mutant Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae Against β‐Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Ramalingam Jothi , Vennila Jannet , Subbiah Parthasarathy 
Published: March 2012

Mutations within transpeptidase domain of penicillin‐binding protein 2B of the strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to resistance against β‐lactam antibiotics. To uncover the important residues responsible for sensitivity and resistance, the recently determined three dimensional structures of penicillin‐binding protein 2B of both wild‐type R6 (sensitive) and mutant 5204 (resistant) strains along with the predicted structures of other mutant strains G54, Hungary19A‐6 and SP195 were considered for the interaction study with β‐lactam antibiotics using induced‐fit docking of Schrödinger. Associated binding energies of the complexes and their intermolecular interactions in the binding site clearly show that the wild‐type R6 as sensitive, mutant strains 5204 and G54 as highly resistant, and the mutant strains Hungary19A‐6 and SP195 as intermediate resistant. The study also reveals that the mutant strains Hungary19A‐6 and SP195 exhibit intermediate resistant because of the existence of mutations till the intermediate 538th and 516th positions, respectively, and not till the end of the C‐terminus. Furthermore, our investigations show that if the mutations are extended till the end of the C terminus, then the antibiotic resistance of induced‐mutated strains increases from intermediate to high as in the strains 5204 and G54. The binding patterns obtained in the study are useful in designing potential inhibitors against multidrug resistant S. pneumoniae.
Evaluation of derived Coulter red blood cell parameters for the assessment of iron deficiency in adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: DOPSAJ V. , MIKOVIC‐GOLUBOVIC G. , MARTINOVIC J. , KALIMANOVSKA‐OSTRIC D. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIntroduction:  The aim of our study was to evaluate derived red blood cell parameters in determining the presence of iron depletion and iron‐deficient erythropoiesis, as states that precede iron deficiency anemia, in adults with congenital heart disease.Methods:  Eighty‐eight adults who were diagnosed with congenital heart disease were divided into two groups (cyanotic and acyanotic). In both groups, congenital heart disease patients were then divided into three subgroups: with iron depletion, with iron‐deficient erythropoiesis, and a control group. The following parameters were measured: complete blood count, reticulocytes, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, haptoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and calculated parameters: low hemoglobin density (LHD), red cell size factor (RSF), and microcytic anemia factor (MAF).Results:  Discriminant analysis indicated statistically significant differences in the first discriminant function: Function 1 – body iron, LHD, MAF, sTfR, and RSF (P < 0.001) in patients with acyanotic congenital heart disease and significant differences in both discriminant functions in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease: Function 1 – body iron, soluble transferrin receptor, LHD, RSF, MAF, lactate dehydrogenase, and haptoglobin (P = 0.008) and Function 2 – reticulocytes (#), immature reticulocyte fraction and reticulocytes (%) (P = 0.049).Conclusions:  Beside parameters that describe iron metabolism dynamics (body iron and soluble transferrin receptor), LHD, indicator of hypochromia, have the highest potential to differentiate and classify iron deficiency in patients with congenital heart disease.
Production of recombinant nonstructural 1 protein in Escherichia coli for early detection of Japanese encephalitis virus infection
Authors: Tripathi Nagesh K. , Kumar Jyoti S. , Biswal Karttik C. , Rao P. V. Lakshmana 
Published: March 2012

SummaryJapanese encephalitis is a major public health problem in South‐East Asia and Western Pacific countries. The recombinant nonstructural 1 (rNS1) protein of Japanese encephalitis virus is a potential diagnostic as well as vaccine candidate. Developments of cost‐effective and simple culture media as well as appropriate culture conditions are generally favourable for large‐scale production of recombinant proteins. The effects of medium composition and cultivation conditions on the production of rNS1 protein were investigated in shake flask culture as well as batch cultivation of Escherichia coli. Further, the fed‐batch process was also carried out for high cell density cultivation (HCDC) of E. coli expressing rNS1 protein. Isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was used to induce the expression of rNS1 protein at ∼ 13 g dry cell weight per litre of culture. The final dry cell weight after fed‐batch cultivation was ∼ 17 g l−1. The Inclusion bodies were isolated and purified through affinity chromatography to give a final product yield of ∼ 142 mg l−1. The reactivity of purified protein was confirmed by Western blotting and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. These results show that rNS1 protein may be used as a diagnostic reagent or for further prophylactic studies. This approach of producing rNS1 protein in E. coli with high yield may also offer promising method for production of other viral recombinant proteins.