bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unemployed Individuals' Work Values and Job Flexibility: An Explanation from Expectancy‐Value Theory and Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Van den Broeck Anja , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Lens Willy , De Witte Hans 
Published: May 2009

Changes in the contemporary labour market have resulted in an increasing demand for flexibility in the work context. The present research examines the associations between unemployed individuals' work values and their attitudes towards job flexibility. Consistent with Expectancy‐Value Theory, results showed that the general concept of employment value was positively related to all measured types of flexibility, that is, training flexibility, pay flexibility, the flexibility to accept an undemanding job, and the flexibility to accept a job for which one is over‐qualified. In line with Self‐Determination Theory, holding an intrinsic work value orientation related positively to training and pay flexibility, whereas extrinsic work value orientation was negatively related to these two types of flexibility. Overall, these results indicate that not only the degree of employment value but also the content of unemployed individuals' work value orientations matter in understanding their job flexibility.L'évolution actuelle du marché de l'emploi a provoqué une demande croissante de flexibilité dans le domaine du travail. On étudie dans cette recherche les liens qui existent entre les valeurs professionnelles de chômeurs et leurs attitudes envers la flexibilité. Dans la ligne de la théorie expectation‐valence, les résultats montrent que le concept général de valence de l'emploi est relié positivement à toutes les mesures de la flexibilité, c'est‐à‐dire la flexibilité de la formation, du salaire et de l'acceptation d'un poste sans intérêt ou sous‐qualifié. En accord avec la théorie de l'autodétermination, le fait d'accorder une valeur intrinsèque au travail entretient une corrélation positive avec la flexibilité de la formation et du salaire, tandis que la valeur extrinsèque est en relation négative avec ces deux aspects de la flexibilité. En somme, ces résultats indiquent que chez les chômeurs non seulement le niveau de la valence de l'emploi, mais aussi le contenu des valeurs relatives au travail permettent de comprendre leur flexibilité.
Swedish student nurses' knowledge of health statutes: a descriptive survey
Authors: Kapborg I.D. , Berterö C.M. 
Published: May 2009

Background:  The nurse's function, no matter the working area, is guided by ethical approaches, grounded in science and well‐tried experiences, and has to be conducted according to national laws, statutes and instructions.Aim:  To survey newly graduated Swedish nurses' knowledge about current statutes and laws that govern their healthcare system.Method:  A questionnaire was developed from facts in relevant statutes and laws presented and used in the nursing education programmes. Following a pilot study testing the items, a 20‐item questionnaire, with mostly open‐ended questions, was distributed to student nurses in the last semester of their nursing education programme before graduation.Results:  One hundred and seventy‐eight participants answered the questionnaire (response rate 59%). Only 29% of responses on all questions showed correct knowledge about the different statutes and laws that regulate their work as nurses. The best knowledge was found in the area of documentation (range 35–86%) and in the area of information (range 16–54%) on group scores.Conclusion:  This survey concerning novice nurses' knowledge about statutes and laws showed great deficiencies. It was surprising to find that, on existing demands regarding nurses delegating medical tasks, not a single respondent presented a correct answer. Evidence‐based knowledge was difficult to recognize. Nurses will be more conscious of their own limitations and more prepared to meet the reality of practice if there is emphasis on relevant statutes and laws during their education.
Pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes about stem cells and cord blood banking
Authors: Dinç H. , Şahin N.H. 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  This study was to determine pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes towards stem cells and cord blood banking in Istanbul, Turkey.Background:  Stem cell research is one of the most important and, at the same time, the most controversial topics of science and technology today. Nurses need to understand stem cell research so they can enter the debate on this issue. They can become important sources of information in order to help parents understand the issues.Methods:  This exploratory descriptive study was conducted in two antenatal outpatient clinics in Istanbul. The sample consisted of 334 pregnant women during routine prenatal visits. Data were collected in interviews by using an interview form developed by the researchers according to the literature. The form included demographic characteristics of participants and 20 questions about stem cells, storing cord blood and banking and 10 independent attitude statements.Results:  The majority of the participants had a lack of knowledge about stem cells and cord blood banking and wanted more information. Before pregnancy, they received some information through the media (newspaper, Internet, television, etc.), but unintentionally. It was determined that they wanted information before becoming pregnant, more from their obstetrician but also from nurses and midwives. The majority also wanted to store their infants' cord blood and stated that they would be more likely to choose a public cord blood bank.Conclusion:  Those giving ante‐ and perinatal care need to offer accurate and scientific counselling services on this subject to parents who need to be informed.
Nurse–patient communication barriers in Iranian nursing
Authors: Anoosheh M. , Zarkhah S. , Faghihzadeh S. , Vaismoradi M. 
Published: May 2009

Background:  Providing effective communication with patients is an essential aspect of nursing care. Understanding the barriers that inhibit nurse–patient communication can provide an opportunity to eliminate them.Aim:  To investigate nurse–patient and environment‐related communication barriers perceived by patients and nurses in Iranian nursing.Methods:  A descriptive survey was carried out in three randomly selected educational hospitals in a large urban city in Iran. Data were collected by questionnaire; the study sample consisted of 61 patients and 75 nurses. Participants were asked to rate the importance of each communication barriers item. Finally, data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and to compare the perceived importance of communication barriers between patients and nurses, item means were calculated and the t‐test for independent samples was applied.Results:  Similarities and differences between the two groups were identified. According to nurses' views, ‘heavy nursing workload’, ‘hard nursing tasks’ and ‘lack of welfare facilities for nurses’ were the main communication barriers. From patients' views, ‘unfamiliarity of nurses with dialect’, ‘having contagious diseases’ and ‘sex differences between nurses and patients’ were determined as the main communication barriers. The shared communication barriers were ‘age difference’, ‘social class difference’ and ‘having contagious diseases’.Conclusion:  It can be concluded that nursing managers and healthcare system planners should focus on eliminating or modifying the barriers stated by the two groups, particularly the shared ones. It is suggested that understanding the cultural aspects of nurse–patient communication barriers in various contexts can help nurses.Limitations:  The study relied on self‐report by a limited sample of nurses and patients. The responses should now be tested by a larger sample and then by empirical research into actual practice in order to test whether the nurses' and patients' perceived ideas of communication barriers are substantiated.
Internationally educated nurses: profiling workforce diversity
Authors: Blythe Jennifer , Baumann Andrea 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  Nurses with diverse educational and cultural backgrounds are likely to adapt differently to new workforces. The aim of this study was to provide a profile of nurses educated in different countries who are employed in a major settlement jurisdiction.Background:  Despite difficulties in measuring its magnitude, it is evident that nurse migration has increased as a result of globalization. Major destinations for internationally educated nurses (IENs) include the USA, Canada, the UK, Australia and the Gulf States. Chief donor countries include the Philippines, India and other South Asian countries. Half of all IENs registered in Canada work in the province of Ontario.Methods:  Published literature and secondary data were used to profile cohorts of nurses educated in different countries who are employed in the Ontario workforce.Findings:  Statistics available on IENs in Ontario reveal a largely urban settlement pattern. There are major differences among IEN cohorts in terms of age, gender, work status, and type and place of employment.Discussion and conclusions:  Although IENs resident in Ontario could not be quantified, a relatively detailed description of IENs in the workforce was possible. Comparison of nurse cohorts indicated that generalizations about IENs should be made with caution. Changes in regulatory conditions have a significant effect on IEN employment. Difficulties associated with international educational and regulatory differences illustrate the need to create global nursing standards. Further investigation of differences in workforce profiles should provide insights leading to improved utilization of IENs.
Is the grass any greener? Canada to United States of America nurse migration
Authors: McGillis Hall L. , Pink G.H. , Jones C.B. , Leatt P. , Gates M. , Peterson J. 
Published: May 2009

Aim:  Little or no attempt has been made to determine why nurses leave Canada, remain outside of Canada, or under what circumstances might return to Canada. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of Canadian‐educated registered nurses working in the USA.Data sources:  Data for this study include the 1996, 2000 and 2004 USA National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses and reports from the same time period from the Canadian Institute for Health Information.Findings:  This research demonstrates that full‐time work opportunities and the potential for ongoing education are key factors that contribute to the migration of Canadian nurses to the USA. In addition, Canada appears to be losing baccalaureate‐prepared nurses to the USA.Discussion:  These findings underscore how health care policy decisions such as workforce retention strategies can have a direct influence on the nursing workforce. Policy emphasis should be on providing incentives for Canadian‐educated nurses to stay in Canada, and obtain full‐time work while continuing to develop professionally.Conclusion:  Findings from this study provide policy leaders with important information regarding employment options of interest to migrating nurses.Study limitations:  This study describes and contrasts nurses in the data set, thus providing information on the context of nurse migration from Canada to the USA. Data utilized in this study are cross‐sectional in nature, thus the opportunity to follow individual nurses over time was not possible.
Childhood obesity: current literature, policy and implications for practice
Authors: Ben‐Sefer E. , Ben‐Natan M. , Ehrenfeld M. 
Published: May 2009

The problem:  In most of the industrialized world, a childhood obesity epidemic is evident, with the numbers rising each year.Purpose:  To discuss the current literature in relation to childhood obesity and to provide health practitioners, especially nurses, with the fundamental knowledge that is imperative in the recognition of children who are at risk and thereby tailor appropriate interventions.Method:  Databases that were accessed for current literature included CINAHL, Science Direct and ProQuest. Keywords used in the search included obesity, childhood, health, relevant national statistics, policy and health risks. The literature was confined to the past 10 years with emphasis on the past 5 years. The 50 most pertinent papers from a variety of countries were chosen, and 35 papers that represented key areas of relevance were selected as the basis of this article. This selection of papers dictated the key areas of discussion such as the acknowledged factors in childhood obesity.Findings:  Although childhood obesity may be related to specific cultural and national circumstances, universal themes emerged from the literature review. These include social factors, exercise, advertising, public policy and the importance of partnerships in policy.Conclusion:  Any country that has a high rate or increasing rate of childhood obesity must acknowledge core factors that contribute to this serious health problem. Furthermore, public policy and community partnerships that include all health professionals have a responsibility in the prevention of childhood obesity. This can be implemented through education, research and advocacy of all nurses involved with children and families.
An Analysis of Workplace Representatives, Union Power and Democracy in Australia
Authors: Peetz David , Pocock Barbara 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to illuminate the views and experiences of workplace representatives in Australia in the context of falling union density, and to analyse factors that are most strongly associated with subjective union power at the workplace level, as perceived by delegates. The analysis relies on a large random survey of workplace delegates in eight significant Australian unions. The article describes the situation broadly facing delegates as shown by the survey and analyses a set of factors associated with the power of workers as perceived by delegates. We find that higher levels of reported activism among delegates are strongly associated with greater subjective union power. We also find that self‐reported delegate confidence is also strongly associated with perceptions of higher union power, as is delegate's clarity about their roles. The data also show a strong association between perceptions of democracy within the union and union power. Support for delegates from the union office and organizers is also associated with higher levels of union power at the local level. The analysis provides some support for union renewal strategies associated with the ‘organizing model’ as applied in Australia and some other Anglo‐Saxon countries that aim to increase the activism of workplace delegates through education, the provision of support for workplace delegates and more democratic union structures.
Worker Control as a Facilitator in the Match between Education and Jobs
Authors: Weststar Johanna 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between worker control and subjective underemployment among workers who have more education than is needed for entry into their jobs (credential underemployment). Results indicate that social and technical controls are related to a greater sense of education–job matching. Workers who have credential underemployment are less likely to report subjective underemployment (underutilization and lack of fit between education and job) if they have higher levels of workplace control. This article contains implications for job design and the role of employers and managers in fostering the utilization of their workforces.
Killing the Golden Goose? Third Sector Organizations and Back‐to‐Work Programmes in Germany and the UK
Authors: Aiken Mike , Bode Ingo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThird sector, or not‐for‐profit, organizations have been viewed in many parts of Europe as agencies that can be harnessed by public policy programmes to support the socially excluded. Within the emerging mixed economy of welfare, third sector agencies offering training, support and employment for groups disadvantaged in the labour market provide an important example. This illustrates, from one specific field, the dynamics occurring at the interface between public and third sectors in the delivery of public policy goals. This article examines both the history of ‘partnership regimes’ in this field and the evolving local organizational arrangement. The developments in the contrasting welfare regimes of Britain and Germany, which exemplify different institutional traditions, are analysed. The potential impact of regulatory changes on the capacity of third sector work integration agencies to deliver policy goals is assessed in both countries using evidence from recent case study research. The analysis suggests that the emerging managerialist partnership structures are tending to convert third sector organizations into ‘just in time’ deliverers of poor programme outcomes in both welfare regimes while also eroding their distinctive potential to provide more than mere labour market integration.
Determining Semi‐Normative Poverty Lines Using Social Survey Data
Authors: Deeming Christopher 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDebates about how to set minimum income standards for health and general well‐being are very current in Britain. Family budget standards remain popular but the results can be criticized for being little more than abstractions. They are to an extent ‘artificial’ and this raises questions about their ‘real adequacy’. Another way to operationalize adequacy of income, in a lived sense, is to consider the household income levels at which a specified, desirable, healthy standard of living is in fact achieved, indicated here by diet and nutrition. Data are taken from the United Kingdom's Expenditure and Food Survey; the sample has been restricted to an older population, and three years of data (2002–5) provided a combined sample of 4,300 households. The study findings and semi‐normative poverty lines are critically discussed in relation to the national UK policy context as well as the international research literature on poverty measurement.
LEKTI‐1 in sickness and in health
Authors: Roelandt T. , Thys B. , Heughebaert C. , De Vroede A. , De Paepe K. , Roseeuw D. , Rombaut B. , Hachem J.‐P. 
Published: May 2009

SynopsisThe stratum corneum (SC) is a biosensor that mediates responses to a variety of exogenous insults through various signalling mechanisms, including the activation of SC serine proteases (SP) kallikrein cascade. The SPINK5 gene encodes an SP inhibitor, the lympho‐epithelial‐Kazal‐type‐1 inhibitor (LEKTI‐1), which in turn will buffer the excess of SP cascade initiation, key in the maintenance of permeability barrier homeostasis. We demonstrate that LEKTI processing can occur within the SC after secretion from stratum granulosum keratinocytes at least partially by klk7, an SC‐specific chymotryptic SP. Unlike the recently described LEKTI‐2, neither recombinant full‐length LEKTI‐1 nor recombinant LEKTI‐1 fragments exhibit antimicrobial activity. Finally, we discuss the pathophysiological implications of LEKTI‐1 in skin biology as well as its contribution to the pathogenesis of Netherton Syndrome and its potential involvement in atopic dermatitis.
Impact of transition zones, variable fluid viscosity and anthropogenic activities on coupled fluid‐transport processes in a shallow salt‐dome environment
Authors: MAGRI F. , BAYER U. , MAIWALD U. , OTTO R. , THOMSEN C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the Schleswig–Holstein region (S–H) of Germany, most observed near‐surface saline ground waters originate from dissolution of shallow salt domes. Previous numerical simulations of thermohaline flow clarified the major mechanisms controlling large‐scale density‐driven flow. It has been found that, in addition to topographically driven flow, gravitational and thermohaline convection are the primary mechanisms for extensive solute exchange between shallow and deep aquifers. Geological features such as glacial channels control recharge/discharge processes at the surface. Here we address several previously unresolved issues: (i) the impact of a permeable unit (transition zone) between the salt and adjacent units; (ii) the role of variable brine viscosity in affecting regional‐ (i.e. km‐) scale heat and mass patterns; and (iii) the influence of anthropogenic activities such as pumping stations on density‐driven flow. We found that geophysical factors play a major role in determining the dynamics of fluid processes. The transition zone significantly influences the flow field and the distribution of heat, slowing the formation of highly concentrated salty plumes. The impact of variable fluid viscosity on the coupled heat and brine flow is twofold. In a colder and highly concentrated environment, such as a shallow salt‐dome crest, it retards brine flow. In a less saline environment, variable fluid viscosity enhances thermally induced upward fluid flow. Groundwater extraction from production wells only affects brine and heat flow locally within the upper aquifers.
Executive function deficits in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB)
Authors: Green C.R. , Mihic A.M. , Nikkel S.M. , Stade B.C. , Rasmussen C. , Munoz D.P. , Reynolds J.N. 
Published: May 2009

Background:  Chronic prenatal alcohol exposure causes a spectrum of deleterious effects in offspring, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), and deficits in executive function are prevalent in FASD. The goal of this research was to test the hypothesis that children with FASD exhibit performance deficits in tasks that assess attention, planning and spatial working memory.Methods:  Subjects (8–15 years male and female children) with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial FAS (pFAS), or alcohol‐related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and age‐ and sex‐matched controls, completed four tasks selected from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB®).Results:  Compared with age‐matched control children (n = 92), subjects with FASD (n = 89) exhibited longer reaction and decision times (effect size range; Cohen's d = .51 to .73), suggesting deficits in attention. Children with FASD demonstrated deficits in planning and spatial working memory that became more pronounced when task difficulty increased. The largest effect size in this study population (Cohen’s d = 1.1) occurred in the spatial working memory task. Only one outcome measure revealed differences across the diagnostic subgroups, although all groups were different from control.Conclusion:  This study demonstrates that deficits in multiple executive function domains, including set shifting, planning and strategy use, attention and spatial working memory, can be assessed in children with FASD using an easy to administer, brief battery of computer‐based neuropsychological tasks. The tasks appear to be equally sensitive for brain injury resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol, regardless of the presence of facial dysmorphology.