bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of inflammation but not ankylosis by glucocorticoids in mice: further evidence for the entheseal stress hypothesis
Authors: Braem Kirsten , Deroose Christophe M , Luyten Frank P , Lories Rik J 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Introduction

Studies in the spontaneous ankylosis model in aging male DBA/1 mice and in patients with ankylosing spondylitis provide evidence that inflammation and new tissue formation leading to joint or spine ankylosis are likely linked but largely uncoupled processes. We previously proposed the 'entheseal stress' hypothesis that defines microdamage or cell stress in the enthesis as a trigger for these disease processes. Here, we further investigated the relationship between inflammation and ankylosis by focusing on the early phase of the spontaneous arthritis model.

Methods

Aging male DBA/1 mice from different litters were caged together at the age of ten weeks and studied for signs of arthritis. A group of DBA/1 mice were treated daily with dexamethasone (0.5 μg/g body weight). Severity of disease was assessed by histomorphology and by positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) as a tracer. Bone loss in dexamethasone-treated or control mice was determined by in vivo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Chemokine gene expression was studied ex vivo in dissected paws and in vitro in mesenchymal cells (periosteal and bone marrow stromal cells) by quantitative real-time PCR in the presence or absence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and dexamethasone.

Results

Dexamethasone treatment did not affect incidence or severity of ankylosis, but led to an expected reduction in inflammation in the paws at week 15 as measured by PET tracer uptake. Treatment with dexamethasone negatively affected bone mineral density. Chemokines attracting neutrophils and lymphocytes were expressed in affected paws. In vitro, BMP2 stimulation upregulated chemokines in different mesenchymal joint-associated cell types, an effect that was inhibited by dexamethasone.

Conclusions

BMP signaling may be a trigger for both inflammation and ankylosis in the spontaneous model of ankylosing enthesitis. The lack of inhibition by glucocorticoids on new bone formation while causing systemic bone loss highlights the paradoxical simultaneous loss and gain of bone in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Breastfeeding and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
Authors: Kotsopoulos Joanne , Lubinski Jan , Salmena Leonardo , Lynch Henry T , Kim-Sing Charmaine , Foulkes William D , Ghadirian Parviz , Neuhausen Susan L , Demsky Rochelle , Tung Nadine , Ainsworth Peter , Senter Leigha , Eisen Andrea , Eng Charis , Singer Christian , Ginsburg Ophira , Blum Joanne , Huzarski Tomasz , Poll Aletta , Sun Ping , Narod Steven A ,   the Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Breastfeeding has been inversely related to breast cancer risk in the general population. Clarifying the role of breastfeeding among women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation may be helpful for risk assessment and for recommendations regarding prevention. We present an updated analysis of breastfeeding and risk of breast cancer using a large matched sample of BRCA mutation carriers.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study of 1,665 pairs of women with a deleterious mutation in either BRCA1 (n = 1,243 pairs) or BRCA2 (n = 422 pairs). Breast cancer cases and unaffected controls were matched on year of birth, mutation status, country of residence and parity. Information about reproductive factors, including breastfeeding for each live birth, was collected from a routinely administered questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between ever having breastfed, as well as total duration of breastfeeding, and the risk of breast cancer.

Results
Among BRCA1 mutation carriers, breastfeeding for at least one year was associated with a 32% reduction in risk (OR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.91; P = 0.008); breastfeeding for two or more years conferred a greater reduction in risk (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.74). Among BRCA2 mutation carriers, there was no significant association between breastfeeding for at least one year and breast cancer risk (OR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.31; P = 0.43).

Conclusions
These data extend our previous findings that breastfeeding protects against BRCA1-, but not BRCA2-associated breast cancer. BRCA mutation carriers should be advised of the benefit of breastfeeding in terms of reducing breast cancer risk.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Chandra Paresh , Mubarki Meraj Ahmed 
Published: March 2012

FRAMING THE NATION: LANGUAGES OF 'MODERNITY' IN INDIA, AJANTA SIRCAR (2011) Calcutta: Seagull University Press, 252 pp., ISBN 978-1906497309, HB, Rs. 595
ISLAMICATE CULTURES OF BOMBAY CINEMA, IRA BHASKAR AND RICHARD ALLEN (2009) New Delhi: Tulika Books, 346 pp., ISBN: 978-81-89487-53-9,
p/bk, Rs. 995
Improved Outcomes in a Quality Improvement Collaborative for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Crandall Wallace V. , Margolis Peter A. , Kappelman Michael D. , King Eileen C. , Pratt Jesse M. , Boyle Brendan M. , Duffy Lynn F. , Grunow John E. , Kim Sandra C. , Leibowitz Ian , Schoen Bess T. , Colletti Richard B. ,   for the ImproveCareNow Collaborative
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Unintended variation in the care of patients with Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) may prevent achievement of optimal outcomes. We sought to improve chronic care delivery and outcomes for children with inflammatory bowel disease by using network-based quality improvement methods.

METHODS:
By using a modified Breakthrough Series collaborative structure, 6 ImproveCareNow Network care centers tested changes in chronic illness care and collected data monthly. We used an interrupted time series design to evaluate the impact of these changes.

RESULTS:
Data were available for 843 children with CD and 345 with UC. Changes in care delivery were associated with an increase in the proportion of visits with complete disease classification, measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) before initiation of thiopurines, and patients receiving an initial thiopurine dose appropriate to their TPMT status. These were significant in both populations for all process variables (P &lt; .01) except for measurement of TPMT in CD patients (P = .12). There were significant increases in the proportion of CD (55%–68%) and UC (61%–72%) patients with inactive disease. There was also a significant increase in the proportion of CD patients not taking prednisone (86%–90%). Participating centers varied in the success of achieving these changes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Improvements in the outcomes of patients with CD and UC were associated with improvements in the process of chronic illness care. Variation in the success of implementing changes suggests the importance of overcoming organizational factors related to quality improvement success.
Topological algebras with maximal regular ideals closed
Authors: Abel Mati 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
It is shown that all maximal regular ideals in a Hausdorff topological algebra A are closed if the von Neumann bornology of A has a pseudo-basis which consists of idempotent and completant absolutely pseudoconvex sets. Moreover, all ideals in a unital commutative sequentially Mackey complete Hausdorff topological algebra A with jointly continuous multiplication and bounded elements are closed if the von Neumann bornology of A is idempotently pseudoconvex.
Injection Molding of Water Containing Thermoplastic Polyolefin
Authors: Mulyana R. , Cabrera E. , Castro J. M. , Lee L. J. , Min Y. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel injection molding approach using water containing thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) to reduce the cycle time and to improve the dimensional stability of parts without any equipment or mold modifications. A small amount of water was pressurized into TPO pellets pre-mixed with water carrier particles such as highly porous activated carbon or tubular-shaped nanoclay. Our results showed that the cycle time could be drastically reduced with substantially reduced surface sink mark and part warpage without any adverse effects on mechanical properties. Water evaporation during molding resulted in internal cooling, which led to a large reduction in cycle time. This phenomenon, however, could not be explained by the average water content in TPO alone. It is believed that the accumulation of water in the thickest section of the mold cavity, i.e., the base of the conical shaped sprue in the molds used in the study, during injection molding played a major role. The lower sink mark and part warpage were due to water induced internal cooling and foaming. Complete filling of thin parts could also be achieved at a lower packing pressure in the presence of water, perhaps due to steam (from water evaporation) induced mold cavity heating during filling. This was supported by the measured temperature rise at the mold surface in the early stage of the molding cycle.
Measurement Modification of Barrier Properties against UV Irradiation of PP Composite Fibres
Authors: Ujhelyiová A. , Dulíková M. , Borsig E. , Alexy P. , Brejka O. , Marcinčin A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBesides comfort and hygiene of textile materials sufficient barrier properties, such as protection against ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, are also often required. For the evaluation of barrier properties of textile materials against UV irradiation, a quantitative expression, “ultraviolet protection factor (UPF)”, is used. This factor correlates with the time period of human skin protection against UV irradiation in the open air. One of the experimental methods for quantitative UPF evaluation involves a spectrophotometric method of fabric testing. This paper describes a novel modification approach to transfer this method to non-woven and non-knitted fabrics. The aim of the transformation was to modify the used method to determine barrier properties of polymer composite fibres so that the measurement could be simplified while keeping the reliability of the obtained results. As a testing material samples of polypropylene fibres with dispersed nanoTiO2filler reeled on the sheet-metal frame were used. The results show that this modified method gives reliable results and is suitable for development of new kinds of fibres with higher barrier protection against UV irradiation.
Familial Trend and Socioeconomic Status of the Hypertensive Patients attending at Hypertension Clinic
Authors: Hossain Kazi Jahangir , Parvin Nazma , Wazed A , Alam Md Shamsul , Kamal Md Mustafa 
Published: March 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate familial trend and socioeconomic status of the hypertensive patients attending at the Hypertension Clinic of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. The study period was from July 2009 to June 2010. A total of 417 patients were recruited of which 245 were male and 172 female respectively, and selected consecutively on the basis of defined criteria. The research instrument was an interviewer-administered questionnaire. For assessment of familial trend of hypertension, first and second degree relatives of the respondents were investigated. Results showed that majority of the respondents were educated of which 22.1%(n=92), 18.2%(n=76), 19.9%(83) and 13.7%(n=57) were secondary, higher secondary, graduate and postgraduate educated respectively. In profession, 64.4%(n=111) female had household works, and 56.8%(n=139) male were in service and 41.2%(n=101) businessmen and had monthly income of Tk. 10,000 to 80,000. The mean age of them was 47.4±6.9 years and BMI was 25.5±3.0 kg/m2. The nutritional status of them were normal in 40.5%(n=169) and rest had different degree of malnutrition. In malnutrition, 53.1%(n=130) male were overweight, 2.9%(n=7) obese and 0.8%(n=2) undernourished; and 51.2%(n=88) female were overweight, 11.0(n=19) obese and 1.2%(n=2) undernourished respectively. About 70.5%(n=294) of the studied hypertensive patients had positive history of hypertension in first and second degree relatives of which 17.3%(n=72) had single member positive history of hypertension, 18.2%(n=76) two, 16.8%(n=70) three, 14.1%(n=69) four and 4.1%(n=17) five members. In single member positive, most of them were in first degree relatives; in two members, 67.1%(n=51) were in first degree relatives and 27.6%(n=21) in both first and 2nd degree relatives; in three members, 64.3%(n=45) were in 1st degree and 31.4%(n=22) in both 1st and 2nd degree; in four members, 31.9%(n=22) were in 1st degree relationship, 17.4%(n=12) in 2nd degree and 50.7%(n=35) in both 1st and 2nd degree; and in five members, 17.6%(n=3) and 82.4%(n=14) in second degree, and both 1st and 2nd degree relatives respectively. Heath education and behavioral change intervention programs among the hypertensive population may be one of the most important applicable ways to control and/or prevention of hypertension and its complications in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i1.5941 JOM 2012; 13(1): 10-15
Evaluating the Labour Costs Associated with Pharmacy Adaptation Services in British Columbia
Authors: Marra Carlo A. , Lynd Larry D. , Grindrod Kelly A. , Joshi Pamela , Isakovic Alana 
Published: March 2012

Background: Pharmacists' scope of practice has been steadily expanding across Canada to encompass clinical activities. In January 2009, pharmacists in British Columbia (BC) were given the authority to adapt prescriptions for renewals; change in dose, formulation or regimen; and therapeutic substitutions. This study evaluated the labour costs associated with pharmacy adaptation services in BC. Methods: Ten high-adapting pharmacies participated in the study. Through workflow observations, we measured the time incurred for adapted and nonadapted prescriptions. Results: We observed 91 adapted prescriptions and 1081 nonadapted prescriptions. The total average time to provide adapted prescriptions was 6:43 minutes (SD 3:50) longer than to provide nonadapted prescriptions. The total average cost of an adapted prescription was $6.10 greater than a nonadapted prescription. Renewals took the least amount of time to complete, and therapeutic substitutions took the most time to complete. Discussion: Through workflow observations, it was determined that 10 stages of activity occur when adapting a prescription, with the most time being expended during the documentation and processing phases. Labour costs associated with adapted prescriptions were higher than for nonadapted prescriptions.
Le héros populaire chez les Slaves du Sud : lutte nationale de libération (1941-1945) et mythologie
Authors: Šmitek Zmago 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Le personnage de Josip Broz « Tito » – chef charismatique du mouvement national de libération de 1941 à 1945, puis président de l’État yougoslave – emprunte de nombreux traits au héros populaire traditionnel des Slaves méridionaux. Il a fallu toutefois adapter ce stéréotype mythologique au contexte politique moderne. Le cas de Tito soulève en outre des questions concernant le croisement du mythe et de la réalité, mais aussi la distance historique et les niveaux de réceptions.
L'entre-soi élitaire à Saint-Barthélemy
Authors: Cousin Bruno , Chauvin Sébastien 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Après un siècle de dénuement, l’île antillaise de Saint-Barthélemy a connu un développement continu depuis sa « découverte » par la grande bourgeoisie américaine à la fin des années 1950. Centrées autour de la villégiature de luxe, les activités économiques de l’île ont nécessité le recours croissant à une immigration venue principalement de France métropolitaine. Tous trois à majorité blanche, le groupe des Saint-Barths, celui des immigrés métropolitains, et les riches villégiateurs et propriétaires de villas entretiennent aujourd’hui des rapports qui contribuent à maintenir le caractère élitiste de l’île, tout en effaçant l’essentiel de son héritage créole et de son insertion dans l’espace afro-caribéen. L’exotisme générique structurant la nouvelle identité balnéaire de Saint-Barthélemy participe de la déclinaison locale d’un espace mondial du haut loisir mondain dans lequel l’île occupe désormais une position centrale. Parfois devenues multimillionnaires, les vieilles familles saint-barths qui contrôlent l’essentiel des leviers économiques et politiques de l’île cherchent quant à elles à en orienter le développement d’une manière qui consolide leur monopole.
Quatre leçons sur le Syndicalisme Français (août-septembre 1919 et été 1920)
Authors: Febvre Lucien 
Published: March 2012

Résumé Aborder l’histoire du syndicalisme français au sortir de la guerre, c’est se heurter à une triple difficulté : il s’agit d’un mouvement contemporain sur lequel chacun a ses préjugés, la documentation est rare et la guerre a causé des bouleversements dont on peine à prendre la mesure. Cette histoire prend place dans une évolution internationale, mais il s’agit ici de rendre compte de l’originalité du cas français. Elle ne tient pas d’abord à l’existence, face au capitalisme, de deux adversaires distincts, le socialisme et le syndicalisme, car cette dualité existe ailleurs qu’en France. Mais il y a en France quelque chose d’irréductible dans l’opposition entre syndicalisme et socialisme. Cette irréductibilité tient à la condition même du prolétariat ouvrier, à son expérience de l’histoire, à ses formes d’organisation et à ses pratiques d’action. Les divergences d’opinions qui opposaient, au sein de la première Internationale, les marxistes et les bakouninistes, eux-mêmes héritiers de Proudhon, puis, dans les premiers congrès ouvriers français, les guesdistes aux militants libertaires, anti-étatistes et anti-politiciens, sont les mêmes qui, avant 1914, séparent le mouvement syndicaliste révolutionnaire du mouvement socialiste parlementaire. La solidarité de classe de la condition ouvrière fonde le syndicat ; la solidarité du groupement d’opinion, sociologiquement hétérogène, fonde le parti. Le parti s’attaque par le suffrage majoritaire à la conquête du pouvoir ; le syndicalisme, lui, ne compte que sur l’action directe de la minorité consciente, qui n’est pas forcément violente et qui profite à la majorité. Le clivage entre révolutionnaires et réformistes passe à l’intérieur des deux institutions et n’est pas le clivage majeur. Il faut d’ailleurs distinguer entre une révolution socialiste qui suppose assuré le contrôle de l’État et une révolution syndicaliste qui part d’en bas, de l’autonomie de l’organisation ouvrière. Dans la crise générale qui fait suite à la guerre, le mouvement ouvrier français semble hésitant. La guerre a causé autant de désillusion que d’espérance. Les conquêtes obtenues par la voie législative prouvent surtout la capacité de l’État bourgeois à lâcher du lest pour obtenir la production et la stabilité nécessaires. Le syndicalisme français est travaillé par les débats d’interprétation de la révolution russe, mais à la fin de la guerre, la CGT s’est orientée décidément vers la tactique réformiste. Le bolchevisme est un mythe, au sens de Georges Sorel, et à supposer que l’on sache vraiment ce qui se fait en Russie, cela ne peut être transféré dans la société française.
Le récit historique et les intentions des acteurs. Réponse à François Buton
Authors: Branche Raphaëlle 
Published: March 2012

Résumé La réponse propose de revenir sur trois questions, celle des sources, celle de l’intentionnalité des acteurs et celle de la tension entre vraisemblance et vérité. Faire l’histoire de l’Algérie coloniale, c’est se confronter à l’inégalité des traces conservées selon les lieux et les périodes. Dans la région de Palestro, la population est encore très majoritairement rurale ; les sources sont ou orales, ou issues du petit nombre des notables indigènes, ou administratives. Le contexte de crise permet de comprendre que, du côté français, l’imaginaire collectif ait eu tendance à se rabattre sur des souvenirs et des images qui associaient ce lieu à la violence des indigènes. La question de l’intention individuelle semble non seulement hors d’atteinte par les sources mais aussi peu pertinente dans le cadre d’analyse choisi ici, qui s’intéresse aux groupes et aux identités collectives. Si le cadre colonial est structurant pour l’ensemble des acteurs, l’autonomie des villageois est dans leur manière de se positionner dans la construction d’une identité collective sur laquelle le FLN prétend exercer une direction exclusive. Pour expliquer les mutilations, aucun lien de causalité simple n’est postulé : l’événement reste fortuit, et identifier la transmission d’un passé violent chez quelques individus ne permet pas d’affirmer que tous ont agi en fonction de ce passé.
Produire des comptes
Authors: Mackenzie Donald 
Published: March 2012

Cet article montre que la perspective théorique connue sous le nom de « finitisme » – dont Barry Barnes est un auteur central – éclaire des questions fondamentales qui concernent la comptabilité et l’information financière. L’auteur rappelle les principaux tenants et aboutissants du finitisme et le distingue de la théorie de la signification à laquelle elle s’oppose : la sémantique expansionniste. L’analyse s’appuie sur une étude de cas empirique relevant de la comptabilité et de l’information financière dans une entreprise britannique. Il défend l’idée que le finitisme offre un point de vue approprié à partir duquel on peut analyser l’application des règles comptables.
Le carnet de surveillance dans le diabète
Authors: Nguyen-Vaillant Marie-France 
Published: March 2012

La surveillance de la glycémie fait partie des piliers de la démarche de prise en charge recommandée aux diabétiques pour l’adaptation des doses d’insuline et de l’alimentation. Quand les patients reportent glycémies et observations sur leur carnet, celui-ci devient objet d’interaction avec le médecin, le patient lui‑même et témoin des régulations mises en œuvre. Dans notre analyse, nous tenterons d’explorer le carnet : de sa construction comme objet intermédiaire, à son appropriation et l’élaboration de connaissances locales. Cela met en évidence des ajustements du malade autour des traces, ainsi que des attachements qui révèlent une démarche particulière du malade en route vers l’autonomisation.
Les ressources biologiques
Authors: Milanovic Fabien 
Published: March 2012

Ce texte introduit le dossier sur les ressources biologiques. L’essor de la biologie moléculaire, de la bio-informatique, le séquençage du génome d’organismes sans cesse plus nombreux, tout comme la mise en évidence de la perte de diversité biologique sur terre, tout cela fait jouer aux ressources biologiques un rôle de premier plan qu’il est effectivement pertinent de questionner. L’un des objectifs du dossier est de documenter l’accroissement du pouvoir (des humains) sur la vie, ce « bio-pouvoir » dont parlait M. Foucault. Pour en rendre compte, ce texte introductif adopte un point de vue transversal en remontant aux enjeux qui concernent diverses formes de vie (végétale, animale dont humaine). Trois enjeux transversaux de connaissances relatifs aux ressources biologiques y sont explicités : l’insertion de celles-ci au sein de chaînes métrologiques qui contribuent à la composition des liens sociaux et environnementaux ; les cibles qu’elles sont au regard de pratiques destinées à la régulation des usages, de la circulation et de l’appropriation du vivant ; les modifications qu’elles engendrent dans les activités qui les mobilisent. Les ressources biologiques autorisent ainsi une réflexion qui ouvre sur une série d’enjeux fondamentaux, relatifs à l’environnement, la santé, les sciences, l’agro-industrie. Cependant, qu’en est-il des pratiques effectives où elles sont engagées, aussi bien à l’échelle planétaire dans leurs relations avec la biodiversité, qu’aux échelles humaine (dans leurs rapports à la santé) et animale (de par la place de la génomique dans la gestion des espèces domestiques) ? Les articles qui composent ce dossier abordent ces aspects sous l’angle de l’une de ces échelles.