bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of the actin depolymerizing factor ADF in the mouse inner ear and spiral ganglia
Authors: Herde Michel K. , Friauf Eckhard , Rust Marco B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHair cells, the inner ear's sensory cells, are characterized by tens to hundreds of actin‐rich stereocilia that form the hair bundle apparatus necessary for mechanoelectrical transduction. Both the number and length of actin filaments are precisely regulated in stereocilia. Proper cochlear and vestibular function also depends on actin filaments in nonsensory supporting cells. The formation of actin filaments is a dynamic, treadmill‐like process in which actin‐binding proteins play crucial roles. However, little is known about the presence and function of actin binding molecules in the inner ear, which set up, and maintain, actin‐rich structures and regulate actin turnover. Here we examined the expression and subcellular location of the actin filament depolymerizing factor (ADF) in the cochlea and vestibular organs. By means of immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we analyzed whole‐mount preparations and cross‐sections in fetal and postnatal mice (E15–P26). We found a transient ADF expression in immature hair cells of the organ of Corti, the utricle, and the saccule. Interestingly, the stereocilia were not labeled. By P26, ADF expression was restricted to supporting cells. In addition, we localized ADF in presynaptic terminals of medio‐olivocochlear projections after hearing onset. A small population of spiral ganglion neurons strongly expressed ADF. Based on their relative number, peripheral location within the ganglion, smaller soma size, and coexpression of neurofilament 200, we identified these cells as Type II spiral ganglion neurons. The developmentally regulated ADF expression suggests a temporally restricted function in the stereocilia and, thus, a hitherto undescribed role of ADF. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1724–1741, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commentary on ‘School based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6–18’
Authors: Haroon Munib 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Dobbins M, DeCorby K, Robeson P, Husson H, Tirilis D. School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6–18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007651. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007651.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Two commentaries on ‘Interventions for treating obesity in children’
Authors: Weiss Ram , Berry Elliot M. , Ball Geoff D. C. , Chanoine Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewsbury VA, O'Malley C, Stolk RP, Summerbell CD. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001872. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001872.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6–18’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Dobbins M. , DeCorby K. , Robeson P. , Husson H. , Tirilis D. , van Dalen E.C. , Kremer L.C.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Dobbins M, DeCorby K, Robeson P, Husson H, Tirilis D. School‐based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6‐18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007651. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007651.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children’, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials
Authors: Lazzerini M. , Ronfani L. , van Dalen E.C. , Kremer L.C.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis is a summary, including tables of key findings and quality of included trials, of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Lazzerini M, Ronfani L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD005436. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005436.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Tapasin edits peptides on MHC class I molecules by accelerating peptide exchange
Authors: Praveen P. V. K. , Yaneva Rakina , Kalbacher Hubert , Springer Sebastian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein tapasin is essential for the loading of high‐affinity peptides onto MHC class I molecules. It mediates peptide editing,i.e.the binding of peptides of successively higher affinity until class I molecules pass ER quality control and exit to the cell surface. The molecular mechanism of action of tapasin is unknown. We describe here the reconstitution of tapasin‐mediated peptide editing on class I molecules in the lumen of microsomal membranes. We find that in a competitive situation between high‐ and low‐affinity peptides, tapasin mediates the binding of the high‐affinity peptide to class I by accelerating the dissociation of the peptide from an unstable intermediate of the binding reaction.
Physicochemical Studies of New Anthocyano‐Ellagitannin Hybrid Pigments: About the Origin of the Influence of Oak C‐Glycosidic Ellagitannins on Wine Color (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1/2010)
Authors: Chassaing Stefan , Lefeuvre Dorothée , Jacquet Rémi , Jourdes Michael , Ducasse Laurent , Galland Stéphanie , Grelard Axelle , Saucier Cédric , Teissedre Pierre‐Louis , Dangles Olivier , Quideau Stéphane 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the bathochromism observed when the grape‐derived wine red pigment oenin reacts with the oak‐derived C‐glycosidic ellagitannin vescalagin to furnish the deep‐purple anthocyano‐ellagitannin 1‐deoxyvescalagin‐(1β→8)‐oenin. Results of a detailed physicochemical characterization of this fascinating new hybrid pigment are discussed in the article by O. Dangles S. Quideau, et al. on p. 55 ff. Such a bathochromism‐inducing covalent association is a plausible consequence of the aging of wine in oak‐made barrels. Cheers!
Cost effective protocol for in vitro mass propagation of Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw.– a medicinally important orchid
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Musharof , Sharma Madhu , Pathak Promila 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the present study, four nutrient media viz., Murashige and Skoog (MS), Phytamax (PM), Mitra et al. (M) and Knudson ‘C’ (KC), were evaluated for seed germination and early protocorm development in Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw., a medicinally important orchid of Bangladesh. Besides, effect of peptone, activated charcoal, plant growth regulators viz., 6‐benzylaminopurine (1.0–2.0 mg/L) and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (1.0–2.0 mg/L), and light and dark conditions were also studied. Varied response in terms of per cent seed germination was observed in different media. Mitra et al. medium supplemented with 2.0 g/L activated charcoal (AC) showed 100% seed germination and effective for induction of significantly large size protocorms (1.64 mm in dia.). Protocorms turned necrotic under dark condition. Within two weeks of culture spherules emerged out due to cracking of the seed coat. The spherules developed into protocorms with a leaf primordium at apical portion after 3‐4 weeks and gradually produced complete seedlings. A strong and stout root system was induced in in vitro seedlings upon transfer to half strength PM and M media fortified with 0.5 mg/L indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA). Well‐rooted seedlings were transferred to a green house with 95% survival. Based upon cost analysis it was suggested that Mitra et al. medium supplemented with AC (2.0 g/L) was more effective and economic for high frequency germination of seeds and seedlings development. IAA (0.5 mg/L) in Mitra et al. medium was suitable for development of stout root system which helped in high survival of seedlings under greenhouse condition.
Numerical modelling and flow analysis of a centrifugal pump running as a turbine: Unsteady flow structures and its effects on the global performance
Authors: Santolaria Morros Carlos , Fernández Oro Jesús Manuel , Argüelles Díaz Katia María 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the flow patterns in a centrifugal pump when it works as a centripetal turbine, with special interest in the unsteady behavior in order to explain the shape of the performance curves. Also, we focus on the determination of the radial thrust and other mechanical loads over a pump‐designed machine. The pump studied is commercial, with single axial suction and a vaneless spiral volute casing.A numerical study has been carried out in order to obtain more information about the flow into the volute and the impeller. A numerical three‐dimensional unsteady simulation has been developed using a commercial code that solves the URANS set of equations with a standard k–ε turbulence model. The results show the non‐axisymmetric flow developed in the volute, responsible for a significant radial thrust; the interaction between the tongue and the impeller, generating force fluctuations; the velocity and pressure distributions inside the impeller; and the exit flow, characterized with post‐rotation and low‐pressure. These flow results allow us to understand the behavior of the machine by comparing it with the pump mode. Complementarily, an experimental study was conducted to validate the numerical model and characterize the pump‐turbine performance curves at constant head. Fast‐response pressure taps and a three‐hole pneumatic pressure probe were employed to obtain a complete data set of non‐stationary and stationary measurements throughout the centrifugal machine. As a result, loss of efficiency or susceptibility to cavitation, detected numerically, was confirmed experimentally.The study demonstrates that the numerical methodology presented here has shown its reliability and possibilities to predict the unsteady flow and time‐mean characteristics of centrifugal pumps working as turbines. In particular, it is shown that the commercial design of the pump allows a reasonable use of the impeller as a turbine runner, due to the suitable adaptation of the inflow distributions to the volute casing. Moreover, the efficiency for the inverse mode is shown to be as high as achieved for the pumping operational mode. In addition, it is concluded that both axial and radial thrusts are controlled, though important unsteady fluctuations—up to 25%—clocked with the blade passing frequency appear beyond the nominal conditions. In that case, a moderate use of the pump as a turbine is recommended in order to minimize risks of fatigue failure of the bearings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amygdala damage affects event‐related potentials for fearful faces at specific time windows
Authors: Rotshtein Pia , Richardson Mark P. , Winston Joel S. , Kiebel Stefan J. , Vuilleumier Patrik , Eimer Martin , Driver Jon , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe amygdala is known to influence processing of threat‐related stimuli in distant brain regions, including visual cortex. The time‐course of these distant influences is unknown, although this information is important for resolving debates over likely pathways mediating an apparent rapidity in emotional processing. To address this, we recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) to seen fearful face expressions, in preoperative patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy who had varying degrees of amygdala pathology, plus healthy volunteers. We found that amygdala damage diminished ERPs for fearful versus neutral faces within the P1 time‐range, ∼100–150 ms, and for a later component at ∼500–600 ms. Individual severity of amygdala damage determined the magnitude of both these effects, consistent with a causal amygdala role. By contrast, amygdala damage did not affect explicit perception of fearful expressions nor a distinct emotional ERP effect at 150–250 ms. These results demonstrate two distinct time‐points at which the amygdala influences fear processing. The data also demonstrate that while not all aspects of expression processing are disrupted by amygdala damage, there is a crucial impact on an early P1 component. These findings are consistent with the existence of multiple processing stages or routes for fearful faces that vary in their dependence on amygdala function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of genetic algorithms and shuffled complex evolution approach for calibrating distributed rainfall–runoff model
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chi , Yu Pao‐Shan , Yang Tao‐Chang 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree methods, Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE), Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) and Micro‐Genetic Algorithm (µGA), are applied in parameter calibration of a grid‐based distributed rainfall–runoff model (GBDM) and compared by their performances. Ten and four historical storm events in the Yan‐Shui Creek catchment, Taiwan, provide the database for model calibration and verification, respectively. The study reveals that the SCE, SGA and µGA have close calibration results, and none of them are superior with respect to all the performance measures, i.e. the errors of time to peak, peak discharge and the total runoff volume, etc. The performances of the GBDM for the verification events are slightly worse than those in the calibration events, but still quite satisfactory. Among the three methods, the SCE seems to be more robust than the other two approaches because of the smallest influence of different initial random number seeds on calibrated model parameters, and has the best performance of verification with a relatively small number of calibration events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grid‐based distribution model for simulating runoff and soil erosion from a large‐scale river basin
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Hapuarachchi, H. A. P. , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Ishidaira Hiroshi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGrid‐based modelling is an effective approach for handling the spatial heterogeneity of basin characteristics, such as land use, soil, rainfall and topographical information. In this study, the grid‐based block‐wise use of TOPMODEL together with the Muskingum–Cunge (BTOPMC) model (block‐wise use of TOPMODEL together with the Muskingum–Cunge) was improved by using an erosion module to estimate soil erosion and sediment outflow during storm events. Instead of representing a grid using a single erosion type, the model accounts for the erosion caused by both raindrop detachment in the sheet area as well as concentrated flow detachment in the channel area. The sediment transport process is simulated at the assumed river channel networks, which avoids the problems that are caused by the difference between the channel widths in the upstream and downstream areas. This also enables the model to be applicable in simulating soil erosion and sediment outflow from a large river basin. Geographic information system (GIS) techniques have been utilized in the model to delineate the river network and extract the basin information from the digital elevation model (DEM) data. Through a case study in China's Lushi basin, the improved BTOPMC model got an average Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) efficiency of about 86·1% in discharge simulations and an average NS efficiency of about 75% in sediment outflow simulations. Overall, the results show a satisfactory accuracy for all of the selected events. Moreover, by analysing the spatial distribution of soil erosion or deposition, the erosion‐prone areas can be identified and prioritized. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RACK1: A superior independent predictor for poor clinical outcome in breast cancer
Authors: Cao Xi‐Xi , Xu Jing‐Da , Liu Xiao‐Li , Xu Jia‐Wen , Wang Wen‐Juan , Li Qing‐Quan , Chen Qi , Xu Zu‐De , Liu Xiu‐Ping 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the expression of RACK1 in breast cancer, evaluate its role in predicting prognosis and compare with commonly used biomarkers: Ki67, ER, PR and HER‐2 for patients with breast cancer. The RACK1 expression and its clinical significance were examined in 160 breast carcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry. Correlations of RACK1 expression with other commonly used biomarkers and survival analyses were assessed. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the number of RACK1 cases scoring 0, 1, and 2 were 66, 54, and 40, respectively. RACK1 staining was strongly related to clinical stage, histological grade, Ki67, ER, PR and HER‐2 (all p < 0.05). Consistently, all of the cases exhibiting RACK1 staining score 0 were survivors, whereas the majority (55.0%) of those exhibiting RACK1 staining score 2 were deaths. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of 160 cases revealed a correlation between higher RACK1 expression levels and shorter overall survival times (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that RACK1, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and HER‐2 were independent prognostic factors (all p < 0.05). Interestingly, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the ROC areas for RACK1, Ki67, ER, PR and HER‐2 were 0.833, 0.766, 0.446, 0.387, and 0.689, respectively, and the superiority of RACK1 in sensitivity and specificity as biomarker was demonstrated. To our knowledge, it is the first time to investigate the expression of RACK1, and identified that RACK1 is a superior independent biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis comparing with currently widely used diagnostic index in breast carcinoma.
Radial‐template approach for accurate density representation in computational quantum theory
Authors: Miljacic Lj. , Ellis D. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method for improved representation of electronic charge and spin densities for molecular and solid state systems is presented, based upon extensions of least squares fits to quantum mechanical “true” densities using basis functions of limited support. Attention is given to optimization of radial degrees of fit freedom, and the design of fit functions permitting rapid analytic manipulation and calculation of properties, such as Coulomb potentials. The method is demonstrated for covalent CO and for a large metal‐organic crystalline structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
A new unconventional halogen bond CX···HM between HCCX (X = Cl and Br) and HMH (M = Be and Mg): An ab initio study
Authors: Li Qing‐Zhong , Dong Xu , Jing Bo , Li Wen‐Zuo , Cheng Jian‐Bo , Gong Bao‐An , Yu Zhi‐Wu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this article, a new type of halogen‐bonded complex YCCX···HMY (X = Cl, Br; M = Be, Mg; Y = H, F, CH3) has been predicted and characterized at the MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. We named it as halogen‐hydride halogen bonding. In each YCCX···HMY complex, a halogen bond is formed between the positively charged X atom and the negatively charged H atom. This new kind of halogen bond has similar characteristics to the conventional halogen bond, such as the elongation of the CX bond and the red shift of the CX stretch frequency upon complexation. The interaction strength of this type of halogen bond is in a range of 3.34–10.52 kJ/mol, which is smaller than that of dihydrogen bond and conventional halogen bond. The nature of the electrostatic interaction in this type of halogen bond has also been unveiled by means of the natural bond orbital, atoms in molecules, and energy decomposition analyses. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Attitudes of mental health professionals about mental illness: a review of the recent literature
Authors: Wahl Otto , Aroesty‐Cohen Eli 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA large body of research has documented public attitudes toward people with mental illness. The current attitudes of the people who provide services to those with psychiatric disorders are important to understand, as well. The authors review what studies over the past 5 years reveal about the attitudes of psychiatric professionals. Empirical studies of the attitudes of mental health professionals, published since 2004, were identified and reviewed. Only 19 such studies were found. Most of these studies revealed overall positive attitudes among mental health professionals. However, evidence of negative attitudes and expectations was also found, particularly with respect to social acceptance of people with mental illness. Results indicate a need for greater research attention to mental health professionals' views and for improved attitudes among caregivers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytometry and DNA ploidy: Clinical uses and molecular perspective in gastric and lung cancer
Authors: D'Urso Vittorio , Collodoro Angelo , Mattioli Eliseo , Giordano Antonio , Bagella Luigi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFlow cytometry is one of the most powerful and specific methods used for the integrated study of the molecular and morphological events occurring during cell proliferation. Many methods have been described for investigating this process. Several cell cycle regulators controlling the correct entry and progression through the cell cycle are altered in tumors. In fact, in most, if not all, human cancers there is a deregulated control of G1 phase progression, the period when cells decide if they will start proliferation or stay quiescent. Cytometry (flow and image) is able to analyze DNA content thanks to the use of the same “molecule” conjugates with a fluorochrome that permits to identify DNA content of single cell in a sample. Most important results of studies on DNA ploidy have been reviewed during the last years and as a result the analyses of DNA ploidy in cancer may provide clinically useful information on diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects. In fact, aneuploid cancer has a high proliferative activity and a metastatic or invasive potential, markers of a poor prognosis. Multiparametric flow cytometry should allow the simultaneous determination of morphology, phenotype, intracellular protein expression, and status of chromatin and DNA. Evaluating if a particular protein is responsible for the aggressiveness of cancer, or the alteration of DNA content, or if the activation of its state is the cause of rapid growth of cancer cells, is very important and it can facilitate the clinical treatment of patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 532–539, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.