bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium(II) Complexes of the dpp‐BIAN Radical‐Anion: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Catalytic Activity in Lactide Polymerization
Authors: Fedushkin Igor L. , Morozov Alexander G. , Chudakova Valentina A. , Fukin Georgy K. , Cherkasov Vladimir K. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractReaction of (dpp‐BIAN)Mg(THF)3 (1) {dpp‐BIAN = 1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene} with one molar equivalent of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) proceeds with oxidation of the dpp‐BIAN dianion in 1 to the radical‐anion and affords the (dpp‐BIAN)Mg(TEMPO)(thf) (2) complex. The reaction of dpp‐BIAN with an excess amount of magnesium and 0.5 molar equivalents of I2 in Et2O gives (dpp‐BIAN)MgI(Et2O)n, which then reacts in situ with (Me3Si)2NK to produce (dpp‐BIAN)Mg[N(SiMe3)2](Et2O) (3). Solvent‐free magnesium amide (dpp‐BIAN)Mg[N(SiMe3)2] (4) was synthesized by treating equimolar amounts of MgI2, dpp‐BIAN, and sodium in toluene at reflux followed by treatment with (Me3Si)2NK. Deprotonation of diphenylacetonitrile with [(dpp‐BIAN)Mg(μ‐Me)]2 (5) produces keteniminate complex (dpp‐BIAN)Mg(N=C=CPh2)(Et2O) (6). Complexes 2–4 and 6 were characterized by ESR and IR spectroscopy; their molecular structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Compounds 1–3 catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐ and rac‐lactides to give high molecular weight isotactic and stereoblock polylactides correspondingly.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
An Unprecedented Trinuclear Dawson Sandwich Complex with Internal Lacuna: Synthesis and 31P NMR Spectroscopic Analysis of the Symmetrical [NaNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17– and [CoNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16– Anions
Authors: Schaming Delphine , Canny Jacqueline , Boubekeur Kamal , Thouvenot René , Ruhlmann Laurent 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe tri‐nickel Dawson sandwich complex [NaNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]17– has been obtained from [P2W15O56]12– and Ni2+. The X‐ray crystal structure analysis is reported. This complex presents an unprecedented structure with the three transition metal ions in two external and one internal positions. Addition of 1 equiv. of Co2+ in the solution of {NaNi3P4W30} leads to the formation of the “saturated” mixed‐metal sandwich complex [CoNi3(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]16–, which is characterized by microanalysis, IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of {NaNi3P4W30} and {CoNi3P4W30} are also reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Activation and Deactivation of Cp*Ir(TsDPEN) Hydrogenation Catalysts in Water
Authors: Letko Christopher S. , Heiden Zachariah M. , Rauchfuss Thomas B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe addition of H3PO4 to Cp*Ir(TsDPEN‐H), where TsDPEN = H2NCHPhCHPhNTs–, is a simple method to obtain a water‐soluble hydrogenation catalyst capable of reducing aromatic ketones to their corresponding alcohols in aqueous solutions. Key to the reactivity is the low affinity of the coordinatively unsaturated [Cp*Ir(TsDPEN)]+ for H2PO4–. Catalyst degradation proceeds via the protonation of the tosylamido ligand, as was established by the crystallographic characterization of the tosylamine complex [Cp*Ir(NCMe)(HTsDPEN)]2+.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Formation of Unusual Trinuclear Assemblies: Scope and Mechanism of Zn(salphen)‐Templated Activation of Pyridine‐Alcohol Substrates
Authors: Martínez Belmonte Marta , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report here a full study on the templating properties of a series of Zn(salphen) complexes toward pyridine‐alcohol substrates by selective activation of the OH group providing trinuclear supramolecular assemblies as products. The templated process was investigated by various techniques including NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and X‐ray diffraction studies. A range of substrates were tested to reveal the scope and limitations of this process. The successful examples furnish remarkable trinuclear supramolecular assemblies comprising a non‐symmetrical central unit made up of two monodeprotonated pyridine‐alcohol ligands that coordinate a ZnII ion. The anionic oxygen atoms of this central Zn complex in turn are both associated with a Zn(salphen) unit. A number of model compounds were also prepared and substantiated the view that the first step in the templated mechanism involves the coordination of the alcohol function to the ZnII centre of the salphen complex. Hereafter, a double proton transfer to the salphen ligand occurs with simultaneous formation of the nonsymmetrical central complex, which combines with two Zn(salphen) modules through coordinative Zn–O bonds. The latter may be regarded as effective supramolecular protecting groups: stability studies performed in more polar media have revealed the full reversibility of the templated process. The reactivity of the Zn(salphen) complex towards alcoholic substrates may be useful in Lewis acid mediated synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Facile Synthesis of Tumor‐Associated Carbohydrate Antigen Ganglioside GM3from Sialic Acid, Lactose, and Serine
Authors: Xing Guo‐wen , Chen Li , Liang Fen‐fen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGanglioside GM3[α‐Neu5Ac‐(2,3)‐β‐Gal‐(1,4)‐β‐Glc‐(1,1)‐Cer;1] is considered as an important tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigen, which can be used in the development of tumor vaccine. In this study, a facile and convergent synthetic strategy for GM3was developed, and the preparation of three building blocks started from the most readily available compounds sialic acid, lactose, andL‐serine. Ceramide aglycon9was constructed fromL‐serine in 13 steps with 6 % overall yield, and lactosyl trichloroacetimidate14was synthesized from lactose in 7 steps with 25 % yield. With novelN‐acetyl‐5‐N,4‐O‐oxazolidinone protectedp‐toluenethiosialoside15as donor, which was developed by our group, the sialylation of benzoyl‐protected lactosyl ceramide diol23was successfully accomplished in 54 % yield. Our strategy here provides a shorter linear total synthesis of GM3in five steps and with 26 % overall yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Phosphinic Acids R′P(O)OHR″
Authors: Fougère Cécile , Guénin Erwann , Hardouin Julie , Lecouvey Marc 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA new synthesis of unsymmetrical phosphinic acids R′P(O)OHR″ has been evaluated. The first P–C bond was formed by base‐promoted H‐phosphinate alkylation of a protected H‐phosphinate, which is easier and safer to handle. A one‐pot methodology was developed for the second P–C bond formation reaction that involves the sila‐Arbuzov reaction. This methodology was then extended to the synthesis of a dialkylphosphinic acid with an amino functionality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Enantiomerically Pure Cyclopropylamines from Cyclopropylboronic Esters
Authors: Pietruszka Jörg , Solduga Gemma 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCyclopropylamines are versatile intermediates and products both in organic synthesis in general and for active substances in particular. Although the synthesis of the corresponding enantiomerically pure cyclopropylboronic esters had been established previously, the C–B to C–N transformation was elusive. A detailed study directed towards the synthesis of several enantiomerically pure cyclopropylamines is disclosed; tranylcypromine [(1S,2R)‐36] and the known belactosin A intermediate 43 were both obtained by use of trifluoroborates as key intermediates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Practical aspects of demand and capacity evaluation of RC members in the context of EC8‐3
Authors: Romão Xavier , Delgado Raimundo , Costa Aníbal 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe structural safety assessment procedures proposed in Part 3 of Eurocode 8 (EC8‐3) for the case of reinforced concrete structures are addressed. The practical evaluation of the member chord rotation demand according to EC8‐3 is examined in detail along with several alternative formulations. The need for these formulations is demonstrated by presenting example situations where the EC8‐3 proposal is difficult to apply. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is assessed through an example application and recommendations for their practical use are defined. Given the importance of the shear span in this context, a sensitivity analysis of the EC8‐3 capacity models with respect to this parameter is carried out and discussed in a later section. This analysis aims to assess the validity of the simplifications proposed by a previous research study for the quantification of the EC8‐3 capacity values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population‐based survey of cancer risks in chromosome 3 translocation carriers
Authors: Woodward Emma R. , Skytte Anne‐Bine , Cruger Dorthe G. , Maher Eamonn R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFamilial renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is genetically heterogeneous and may be associated with germline mutations in a number of genes. Twelve different constitutional translocations involving chromosome 3 have also been described in association with inherited RCC. In some families the lifetime risk of RCC in chromosome 3 translocation carriers has been estimated to be more than 80%; however the cancer risks in patients with chromosome 3 translocations not ascertained because of a family history of RCC are not well defined. We report a retrospective population‐based study using Danish national cytogenetic and cancer registries to clarify tumor risks associated with constitutional translocations involving chromosome 3. We identified 222 (105 females, 117 males) individuals with a constitutional chromosome 3 translocation and compared their cancer risks to those of the Danish population. None of the chromosome 3 translocation carriers had developed RCC at the time of study (female 95% CIs 0.000–0.042, male 95% CIs 0.000–0.038) (P = 1.0 and P = 0.498 for females and males compared to Danish population). Fourteen translocation carriers had developed cancer but there was no evidence of an excess of early onset disease and lifetime cancer risks in chromosome 3 translocation carriers were similar that in the Danish population. There was no association between cancer risk and location of the chromosome 3 breakpoint (HR = 1.322, P = 0.673). These findings suggest that, in the absence of a family history of RCC or evidence of disruption of a specific tumor suppressor gene, chromosome 3 translocations carriers are not at high risk of developing RCC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced effectiveness in visuo‐haptic object‐selective brain regions with increasing stimulus salience
Authors: Kim Sunah , James Thomas W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe occipital and parietal lobes contain regions that are recruited for both visual and haptic object processing. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the underlying neural mechanisms for bimodal integration of vision and haptics in these visuo‐haptic object‐selective brain regions to find out whether these brain regions are sites of neuronal or areal convergence. Our sensory conditions consisted of visual‐only (V), haptic‐only (H), and visuo‐haptic (VH), which allowed us to evaluate integration using the superadditivity metric. We also presented each stimulus condition at two different levels of signal‐to‐noise ratio or salience. The salience manipulation allowed us to assess integration using the rule of inverse effectiveness. We were able to localize previously described visuo‐haptic object‐selective regions in the lateral occipital cortex (lateral occipital tactile‐visual area) and the intraparietal sulcus, and also localized a new region in the left anterior fusiform gyrus. There was no evidence of superadditivity with the VH stimulus at either level of salience in any of the regions. There was, however, a strong effect of salience on multisensory enhancement: the response to the VH stimulus was more enhanced at higher salience across all regions. In other words, the regions showed enhanced integration of the VH stimulus with increasing effectiveness of the unisensory stimuli. We called the effect “enhanced effectiveness.” The presence of enhanced effectiveness in visuo‐haptic object‐selective brain regions demonstrates neuronal convergence of visual and haptic sensory inputs for the purpose of processing object shape. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of traffic‐related pollution on individuals' life‐style: results from the BRFSS
Authors: Di Novi Cinzia 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper employs the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2001) data in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System data to investigate how air pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions affects the likelihood of good health and the amount of health investments. Models are estimated using three different measures of overall health: a measure of self‐assessed health and two health outcome indicators (asthma and blood pressure). A multivariate probit approach is used to estimate recursive systems of equations for self‐assessed health, health outcomes and life‐styles. The most interesting result concerns the influence of pollution on health‐improving life‐style choices: only if traffic pollution is in the ‘satisfactory range’ (AQI level at or below 100), individuals will have incentive to invest in health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabinoids modulate hippocampal memory and plasticity
Authors: Abush Hila , Akirav Irit 
Published: October 2009

AbstractConsiderable evidence demonstrates that cannabinoid agonists impair whereas cannabinoid antagonists improve memory and plasticity. However, recent studies suggest that the effects of cannabinoids on learning do not necessarily follow these simple patterns, particularly when emotional memory processes are involved. We investigated the involvement of the cannabinoid system in hippocampal learning and plasticity using the fear‐related inhibitory avoidance (IA) and the non‐fear‐related spatial learning paradigms, and cellular models of learning and memory, i.e., long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD). We found that microinjection into the CA1 of the CB1/CB2 receptor agonist WIN55,212‐2 (5 μg/side) and an inhibitor of endocannabinoid reuptake and breakdown AM404 (200 ng/side) facilitated the extinction of IA, while the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (6 ng/side) impaired it. WIN55,212‐2 and AM251 did not affect IA conditioning, while AM404 enhanced it, probably due to a drug‐induced increase in pain sensitivity. However, in the water maze, systemic or local CA1 injections of AM251, WIN55,212‐2, and AM404 all impaired spatial learning. We also found that i.p. administration of WIN55,212‐2 (0.5 mg/kg), AM404 (10 mg/kg), and AM251 (2 mg/kg) impaired LTP in the Schaffer collateral‐CA1 projection, whereas AM404 facilitated LTD. Our findings suggest diverse effects of the cannabinoid system on CA1 memory and plasticity that cannot be categorized simply into an impairing or an enhancing effect of cannabinoid activation and deactivation, respectively. Moreover, they provide preclinical support for the suggestion that targeting the endocannabinoid system may aid in the treatment of disorders associated with impaired extinction‐like processes, such as post‐traumatic stress disorder. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blockade of TGF‐β enhances tumor vaccine efficacy mediated by CD8+ T cells
Authors: Takaku Shun , Terabe Masaki , Ambrosino Elena , Peng Judy , Lonning Scott , McPherson John M. , Berzofsky Jay A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThough TGF‐β inhibition enhances antitumor immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells in several tumor models, it is not always sufficient for rejection of tumors. In this study, to maximize the antitumor effect of TGF‐β blockade, we tested the effect of anti‐TGF‐β combined with an irradiated tumor vaccine in a subcutaneous CT26 colon carcinoma tumor model. The irradiated tumor cell vaccine alone in prophylactic setting significantly delayed tumor growth, whereas anti‐TGF‐β antibodies alone did not show any antitumor effect. However, tumor growth was inhibited significantly more in vaccinated mice treated with anti‐TGF‐β antibodies compared to vaccinated mice without anti‐TGF‐β, suggesting that anti‐TGF‐β synergistically enhanced irradiated tumor vaccine efficacy. CD8+ T‐cell depletion completely abrogated the vaccine efficacy, and so protection required CD8+ T cells. Depletion of CD25+ T regulatory cells led to the almost complete rejection of tumors without the vaccine, whereas anti‐TGF‐β did not change the number of CD25+ T regulatory cells in unvaccinated and vaccinated mice. Though the abrogation of CD1d‐restricted NKT cells, which have been reported to induce TGF‐β production by MDSC through an IL‐13‐IL‐4R‐STAT6 pathway, partially enhanced antitumor immunity regardless of vaccination, abrogation of the NKT cell‐IL‐13‐IL‐4R‐STAT‐6 immunoregulatory pathway did not enhance vaccine efficacy. Taken together, these data indicated that anti‐TGF‐β enhances efficacy of a prophylactic vaccine in normal individuals despite their not having the elevated TGF‐β levels found in patients with cancer and that the effect is not dependent on TGF‐β solely from CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells or the NKT cell‐IL‐13‐IL‐4R‐STAT‐6 immunoregulatory pathway.
Sterile alpha motif containing domain 9 is involved in death signaling of malignant glioma treated with inactivated Sendai virus particle (HVJ‐E) or type I interferon
Authors: Tanaka Masahiko , Shimbo Takashi , Kikuchi Yasushi , Matsuda Masahide , Kaneda Yasufumi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMalignant glioma is one of the most aggressive cancers. For the development of effective therapeutic strategies against such malignant diseases, elucidation of molecular targets is necessary. We found that inactivated Sendai virus particle (HVJ‐E) induced extensive cell death in the human glioblastoma cell line U251MG. Intradermal U251MG tumors were more effectively suppressed by HVJ‐E than interferon (IFN)‐β. From microarray analysis of gene expression in U251MG cells treated with HVJ‐E, we focused on the up‐regulation of sterile alpha motif containing domain 9 (SAMD9) gene. The expression of the SAMD9 gene was induced by administration of recombinant human IFN‐α, ‐β or ‐γ. The up‐regulation of the SAMD9 gene by HVJ‐E treatment was abrogated by IFN receptor blocking antibody or JAK inhibitor treatment. When SAMD9 expression was knocked down by RNA interference, apoptotic cell death induced by HVJ‐E was blocked in U251MG cells. Suppression of SAMD9 using SAMD9 siRNA also inhibited IFN‐β‐induced death in U251MG cells with a small, but significant, difference to control groups. However, overexpression of the SAMD9 gene failed to induce significant cell death in U251MG cells. Thus, SAMD9 could be a key molecule to control cancer cell death by HVJ‐E or IFN‐β treatment.
Attenuation of estradiol on the reduction of striatal dopamine by amphetamine in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Yu Po‐Ling , Wu Ching‐I , Lee Tzong‐Shyuan , Pan Wynn H.T. , Wang Paulus S. , Wang Shyi‐Wu 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAmphetamine (AMPH) is a highly addictive drug of abuse which exhibits toxicity to dopaminergic neurons in long‐term abusers. Estrogen seems to show neuroprotection in dopamine (DA) deficit caused by AMPH. The present study was to investigate the effects of estradiol on the levels of striatal DA in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats treated with or without AMPH. Female rats were Ovx for 2 weeks before administration of AMPH (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) with or without 17β‐estradiol benzoate (EB) (25 µg/kg/day, s.c.) for 7 days. The striatal tissues were collected, homogenized with DA mobile phase, and centrifuged. The concentrations of DA in the supernatants were detected by HPLC. The protein expressions of dopamine transporter (DAT), vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT‐2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were analyzed by Western blotting. The results indicated that AMPH could attenuate DA level significantly in striatum (P < 0.01). Comparing to control groups, administration of either EB or EB plus AMPH increased DA level (P < 0.01). The protein expression of striatal DAT was significant greater (P < 0.01) in rats treated with AMPH plus EB than AMPH treated animals. These results suggest that the DA levels in striatum can be enhanced by EB via an increase of DAT expression following administration of AMPH. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1318–1324, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1,4‐butanediyl‐bismethanethiosulfonate (BMTS) induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Hossain Khaled , Kawamoto Yoshiyuki , Hamada Masataka , Akhand Anwarul A. , Yanagishita Takeshi , Hoque Md. Ashraful , Tsuboi Hideo , Kato Masashi , Nakashima Izumi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough methane sulfonate compounds are widely used for the protein modification for their selectivity of thiol groups in proteins, their intracellular signaling events have not yet been clearly documented. This study demonstrated the methane sulfonate chemical 1,4‐butanediyl‐bismethanethiosulfonate (BMTS)‐induced cascades of signals that ultimately led to apoptosis of Jurkat cells. BMTS induced apoptosis through fragmentation of DNA, activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, and downregulation of Bcl‐2 protein with reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, BMTS intensely and transiently induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS produced by BMTS was mediated through mitochondria. We also found that a reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) and an anti‐oxidant N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibited BMTS‐mediated caspase‐9 and ‐3 activation, ROS production and induction of Annexin V/propidium iodide double positive cells, suggesting the involvement of ROS in the apoptosis process. Therefore, this study further extends our understanding on the basic mechanism of redox‐linked apoptosis induced by sulfhydryl‐reactive chemicals. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1059–1065, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐pressure freezing of spermiogenic nuclei supports a dynamic chromatin model for the histone‐to‐protamine transition
Authors: Martens Garnet , Humphrey Elaine C. , Harrison Lionel G. , Silva‐Moreno Begonia , Ausió Juan , Kasinsky Harold E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this study, we present for the first time a description of the dynamic chromatin changes that occur during spermiogenesis in the internally fertilizing caenogastropod mollusc Nucella lamellosa. Chromatin condensation in developing sperm cells in some animals, such as the model biological system used here, involves the histone‐to‐protamine transition and proceeds through a patterning stage from granules to fibers to lamellae. This may be due to the physicochemical phenomenon of phase separation by spinodal decomposition, a dynamic mechanism known to generate pattern. This hypothesis is based entirely on published transmission electron microscopy photomicrographs using conventional fixation technology. We now report that spermatid nuclear patterning and subsequent condensation in testis of Nucella lamellosa fixed by high‐pressure freezing and freeze substitution (HPF/FS) is similar to that in glutaraldehyde‐fixed testis, and can be related to the processing of sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs). J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1399–1409, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.