bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Survivorship of Invasive Mosquito Species in South Florida Cemeteries: Do Site-Specific Microclimates Explain Patterns of Coexistence and Exclusion?
Authors: Lounibos L P , O'Meara G F , Juliano S A , Nishimura N , Escher R L , Reiskind M H , Cutwa M , Greene K 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWithin 2 yr of the arrival of the invasive container mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse), the previously dominant invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) disappeared from many Florida cemeteries. At some cemeteries, however, Ae. aegypti populations seem stable despite Ae. albopictus invasion. We sought to understand this variation in the outcome (exclusion, coexistence) of this invasion, given that previous experiments show that Ae. albopictus is the superior larval competitor. We tested experimentally the hypothesis that climate-dependent egg survivorship differs between exclusion and coexistence cemeteries and that differences in invasion outcome are associated with microclimate. Viability of eggs oviposited in the laboratory and suspended in vases at six cemeteries was significantly greater for Ae. aegypti than for Ae. albopictus, and greater in 2001 than in 2006. Cemeteries differed significantly in egg survivorship of Ae. albopictus, but not of Ae. aegypti, which is consistent with the hypothesis that Ae. albopictus suffers site-specific, climate-driven egg mortality that mitigates the competitive superiority of larval Ae. albopictus. Principal component (PC) analysis of microclimate records from vases during the experiments yielded three PCs accounting for &gt;96% of the variance in both years of experiments. Multivariate analysis of variance of the three PCs revealed significant microclimate differences among the six cemeteries and between exclusion versus coexistence cemeteries. Stepwise logistic regression of egg survivorship versus microclimate PCs yielded significant fits for both species, and twice as much variance explained for Ae. albopictus as for Ae. aegypti in both years, Higher mortalities in 2006 were associated with high average daily maximum temperatures in vases, with lethal thresholds for both species at ≈40°C. From 1990 to 2007, vase occupancy by Ae. albopictus increased and that by Ae. aegypti decreased, with increasing seasonal precipitation at one well-sampled cemetery. Results support the hypothesis that locally variable climate-driven mortality of Ae. albopictus eggs contributes to patterns of exclusion of, or coexistence with, Ae. aegypti.
Sticky Substance on Eggs Improves Predation Success and Substrate Adhesion in Newly Hatched Zelus renardii (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Instars
Authors: Law Yao-Hua , Sediqi A 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Oviparous species have evolved eggs with traits that provide protection, nutrients, or symbionts for the offspring. In the assassin bug genus Zelus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), newly hatched first instars have been observed to collect a sticky substance from their eggs and coat it on their legs. Here, we tested the hypotheses that the sticky substance improves predation success and substrate adhesion ability of the Zelus renardii Kolenati first instar, Z. renaidii instars that had access to the sticky substance imposed higher mortality on adult flies and became dislodged at higher wind speeds than instars without access to sticky substance.
Review of Phyllocoptruta, with Descriptions of Two New Species (Acari: Eriophyoidea)
Authors: Xue Xiao-Feng , Song Zi-Wei , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) in Phyllocoptruta are reviewed. Two new species of Phyllocoptruta from Shaanxi Province, China, are described and illustrated: Phyllocoptruta huayangiana n. sp. on Rosa sericea Lindl. subsp. omeiensisi (Rolfe) A. V. Roberts (Rosaceae) and Phyllocoptruta clematoclethra n. sp. on Clematoclethra sp. Maxim. (Actinidiaceae). The new species described herein are vagrants on the undersurface of host leaves, causing no apparent injury.
Effects of Female Age and Ovarian Development on Mating Behavior in Stenotus rubrovittatus (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Oku K , Okutani-Akamatsu Y , Watanabe T 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In Stenotus rubrovittatus (Heteroptera: Miridae), mating behavior consists of male courtship and female mating receptivity. This behavior was shown previously to be correlated with female age. The ovaries of S. rubmvittatus females start to develop in the absence of mating and the development is correlated with age. Accordingly, the relationships between female age and ovarian development that affect the mating behavior of S. rubrovittatus were examined. Male courtship behavior was most active toward 3-d-old females, and almost all 3-d-old females were receptive to male courtship. The ovaries of 3-d-old females showed either signs of oogenesis or the presence of mature eggs. Fifty percent of the males courted females regardless of the stage of ovarian developmental stage, whereas almost all of females with undeveloped ovaries refused male courtship. However, the fraction of males exhibiting courtship behavior and receptive females peaked after the start of oogenesis, These results suggest that S. rubrovittatus males are able to sense, and thus to court, females whose ovaries are at least partially developed. In some heteropterans, including S. rubrovittatus, some ovarian development is needed in order for mating to occur.
Specific Mining Pattern as a Result of Selective Feeding Within a Leaf by the Dipteran Leafminer Ophiomyia maura (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Ayabe Yoshiko 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Leaf mines exhibit complicated patterns with crosses and branch structures. Mining patterns are hypothesized to be a result of selective feeding on leaf areas that are nutritionally rich or that are poor in chemical and structural defenses (the selective feeding hypothesis). The hypothesis was tested using the leafminer Ophiomyia maura Meigen (Diptera: Agromyzidae) by examining leaf anatomy and nutritional content of the host plant Aster microcephalus (Miq.) Franch. et Savat. variety ovatus (Franch. et Savat.) Soejima et Mot. Ito (Asteraceae). O. maura shows a specific mining pattern by preferentially mining the marginal part of the leaf. Cross sections of mined leaves revealed that O. maura consumed a layer of palisade parenchyma cells. The mining site of O. maura was limited to a particular area by the midrib and lateral veins, but not by minor veins, because midrib and lateral veins have well developed parenchyma cells around the vascular bundles and interrupted the palisade layer. By mining at the marginal part of the leaf, O. maura avoided the midrib and lateral veins, or pinnate venation of A. microcephalus. The nitrogen content of the marginal part of the leaf was higher than that of the inner part of the leaf, which also contributed to O. maura mining the marginal part of the leaf. The specific mining pattern of O. maura demonstrated that the leafminer could have developed an adaptive life-history strategy by responding in a most efficient manner to the arrangement of veins and the nutritional variability even at a within-leaf scale, following the selective feeding hypothesis.
Cannabinoid Receptor Stimulation Impairs Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Mouse White Adipose Tissue, Muscle, and Liver
Authors: Tedesco Laura , Valerio Alessandra , Dossena Marta , Cardile Annalisa , Ragni Maurizio , Pagano Claudio , Pagotto Uberto , Carruba Michele O. , Vettor Roberto , Nisoli Enzo 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor is involved in whole-body and cellular energy metabolism. We asked whether CB1 receptor stimulation was able to decrease mitochondrial biogenesis in different metabolically active tissues of obese high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The effects of selective CB1 agonist arachidonyl-2-chloroethanolamide (ACEA) and endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression were examined, as were mitochondrial DNA amount and mitochondrial biogenesis parameters in cultured mouse and human white adipocytes. These parameters were also investigated in white adipose tissue (WAT), muscle, and liver of mice chronically treated with ACEA. Moreover, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation was investigated in WAT and isolated mature adipocytes from eNOS−/− and wild-type mice. eNOS, p38 MAPK, adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial biogenesis were investigated in WAT, muscle, and liver of HFD mice chronically treated with ACEA.

RESULTS
ACEA decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and eNOS expression, activated p38 MAPK, and reduced AMPK phosphorylation in white adipocytes. The ACEA effects on mitochondria were antagonized by nitric oxide donors and by p38 MAPK silencing. White adipocytes from eNOS−/− mice displayed higher p38 MAPK phosphorylation than wild-type animals under basal conditions, and ACEA was ineffective in cells lacking eNOS. Moreover, mitochondrial biogenesis was downregulated, while p38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased and AMPK phosphorylation was decreased in WAT, muscle, and liver of ACEA-treated mice on a HFD.

CONCLUSIONS
CB1 receptor stimulation decreases mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes, through eNOS downregulation and p38 MAPK activation, and impairs mitochondrial function in metabolically active tissues of dietary obese mice.
Effect of HLA Class I and Class II Alleles on Progression From Autoantibody Positivity to Overt Type 1 Diabetes in Children With Risk-Associated Class II Genotypes
Authors: Lipponen Kati , Gombos Zsofia , Kiviniemi Minna , Siljander Heli , Lempainen Johanna , Hermann Robert , Veijola Riitta , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael , Ilonen Jorma 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Class II alleles define the main HLA effect on type 1 diabetes, but there is an independent effect of certain class I alleles. Class II and class I molecules are differently involved in the initiation and effector phases of the immune response, suggesting that class I alleles would be important determinants in the rate of β-cell destruction. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the role of HLA class I and class II gene polymorphisms in the progression from diabetes-associated autoimmunity to clinical disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The effect of HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes and a panel of class I HLA-A and -B alleles on the progression from autoantibody seroconversion to clinical diabetes was studied in 249 children persistently positive for at least one biochemical diabetes-associated autoantibody in addition to islet cell autoantibody.

RESULTS
The progression to clinical disease was separately analyzed after the appearance of the first and the second persistent biochemical autoantibody using Cox regression. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant protective effect of the A*03 allele (odds ratio [OR] 0.61, P = 0.042 after the first and OR 0.55, P = 0.027 after the second autoantibody), whereas the B*39 allele had a promoting effect after seroconversion for the second autoantibody (OR 2.4, P = 0.014). When children with the DR3/DR4 genotype were separately analyzed, HLA-B*39 had a strong effect (OR 6.6, P = 0.004 and OR 7.5, P = 0.007, after the appearance of the first and the second autoantibody, respectively). The protective effect of A*03 was seen only among children without the DR3/DR4 combination.

CONCLUSIONS
These results confirm that class I alleles affect the progression of diabetes-associated autoimmunity and demonstrate interactions between class I and class II alleles.
Cause-Specific Mortality Trends in a Large Population-Based Cohort With Long-Standing Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Secrest Aaron M. , Becker Dorothy J. , Kelsey Sheryl F. , LaPorte Ronald E. , Orchard Trevor J. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Little is known concerning the primary cause(s) of mortality in type 1 diabetes responsible for the excess mortality seen in this population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Allegheny County (Pennsylvania) childhood-onset (age &lt;18 years) type 1 diabetes registry (n = 1,075) with diagnosis from 1965 to 1979 was used to explore patterns in cause-specific mortality. Cause of death was determined by a mortality classification committee of at least three physician epidemiologists, based on the death certificate and additional records surrounding the death.

RESULTS
Vital status for 1,043 (97%) participants was ascertained as of 1 January 2008, revealing 279 (26.0%) deaths overall (141 females and 138 males). Within the first 10 years after diagnosis, the leading cause of death was acute diabetes complications (73.6%), while during the next 10 years, deaths were nearly evenly attributed to acute (15%), cardiovascular (22%), renal (20%), or infectious (18%) causes. After 20 years' duration, chronic diabetes complications (cardiovascular, renal, or infectious) accounted for &gt;70% of all deaths, with cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death (40%). Women (P &lt; 0.05) and African Americans (P &lt; 0.001) have significantly higher diabetes-related mortality rates than men and Caucasians, respectively. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for non–diabetes-related causes do not significantly differ from the general population (violent deaths: SMR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6–1.8; cancer: SMR 1.2, 0.5–2.0).

CONCLUSIONS
The excess mortality seen in type 1 diabetes is almost entirely related to diabetes and its comorbidities but varies by duration of diabetes and particularly affects women and African Americans.
Chromatin Quality as a Crucial Factor for the Success of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analyses of Unfertilized Oocytes, Polar Bodies and Arrested Zygotes
Authors: Zhivkova R , Delimitreva S , Toncheva D , Vatev I 
Published: August 2010

Chromatin Quality as a Crucial Factor for the Success of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analyses of Unfertilized Oocytes, Polar Bodies and Arrested ZygotesMaterial that is supernumerary or unsuitable for in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures is used for basic and for IVF-related research. Despite the disadvantages of such cells, they have contributed much to our understanding of the mechanisms and prevalence of different abnormalities.Fifty-four human unfertilized oocytes, 34 arrested bipronuclear zygotes and 15 polar bodies were fixed for analysis on the third day after in vitro insemination and were subjected to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes for chromosomes 18, 21, X and Y (centromere for 18, X, Y and locus-specific for 21). The aim of the study was the comparison of FISH efficiency in differently condensed chromatin.The success of FISH analysis was over 60% of analyzed cells and it was dependent on the chromatin changes (condensation and/or fragmentation) during the culture period before cell fixation. Chromatin ageing was the crucial factor for the reduced success of FISH in both oocyte chromosomes (60.0%) and pronuclei (61.76%). The chromatin of second polar bodies (PBII), and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) of the sperm chromatin in oocytes was more suitable for FISH analysis (FISH success 75.0% in PBII and 64.29% in PCC) with both centromere and locus-specific probes.These results revealed the significance of early signs of in vitro cell ageing for the success of FISH analysis and for the interpretation of results in case of analysis of unfertilized human ova, polar bodies and arrested zygotes.
Y Chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Typing by SNaPshot MINISEQUENCING
Authors: Noveski P , Trivodalieva S , Efremov G , Plaseska-Karanfilska D 
Published: August 2010

Y Chromosome Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Typing by SNaPshot MINISEQUENCINGAnalysis of Y chromosome haplogroups, defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), is now a standard approach for study of the origin of human populations and measurement of the variability among them. It is also a new forensic tool, because it may allow determination of the origin of any male sample of interest. We have used a strategy for rapid, simple and inexpensive Y chromosome SNP typing of 343 male DNA samples, of which 211 were Macedonians, 111 Albanians and 21 Roma, Serbs or Turks. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) and a SNaPshot multiplex kit for single nucleotide extension reaction, 28 markers were grouped into five multiplexes. Twenty different Y haplogroups were found in these samples. The most common Y haplogroups in Macedonians were I2a-P37b (27.5%), E1b1b1a-M78 (15.6%), R1a1-SRY1532 (14.2%) and R1b1-P25 (11.4%). In the Albanians E1b1b1a-M78 accounted for 28.8%, R1b1-P25 for 18.0%, J2b2-M241 for 13.5% and R1a1-SRY1532 for 12.6%. We conclude that five haplogroups (E1b1b1a-M78, I2a-P37b, J2b2-M241, R1a1-SRY1532 and R1b1-P25) comprised 72.6% of the Y chromosomes, this being characteristic of the typical European Y chromosome gene pool.
A p.P30L Mutation at the CYP21A2 Gene in Macedonian Patients with Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Anastasovska V , Kocova E , Kocova M 
Published: August 2010

A p.P30L Mutation at the CYP21A2 Gene in Macedonian Patients with Nonclassical Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaNonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) is an autosomal recessive imbalance in cortisol synthesis with adrenal androgen excess. Although rarely recognized in infants, it may cause premature adrenarche and pubarche, virilization in young women and variable symptoms in young men. It is commonly caused by mutations in CYP21A2, the gene for steroid 21-hydroxylase. Patients with the p.P30L allele tend to have pronounced evidence of androgen excess but are categorized as nonclassical. We used direct molecular detection of the p.P30L mutation in CYP21A2 in 11 Macedonian NCAH patients and in 17 members of their families using polymerase chain reaction/amplification created restriction site (PCR/ACRS) analysis and digestion with restriction enzymes. The p.P30L mutation was found in a homozygous state in seven (63.6%) and in a heterozygous state in four (36.4%) patients. Of the latter, one was also heterozygous for the p.Q318X mutation. The p.P30L mutation was found in a heterozygous state in 10 (58.8%) and in a homozygous state in one (5.9%) of the family members. These findings support a role of the p.P30L mutation in NCAH.
Possible Association of Maternal Haemorrhoid with Congenital Abnormalities in their Children - a Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Bánhidy F , Ács N , Puhó E , Czeizel A 
Published: August 2010

Possible Association of Maternal Haemorrhoid with Congenital Abnormalities in their Children - a Population-Based Case-Control StudyObjectives:To look for a possible association of maternal haemorrhoid during pregnancy with a risk of congenital abnormalities in their children.Methods:Comparison of the prevalence of medically-recorded haemorrhoid in pregnant women who had fetuses/newborns (cases) with congenital abnormalities and healthy babies (controls) in the population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities.Results:Of 22,843 cases with congenital abnormalities, 798 (3.49%), while of 38,151 controls, 1,624 (4.26%) had mothers with recorded and usually treated severe haemorrhoids. We found a higher risk for exomphalos (OR with 95% CI: 4.9, 1.7-7.9), and malposition-malrotation of gut (OR with 95% CI: 17.2, 2.1-142.0) which were present in 14 and 8 children of pregnant women with haemorrhoid, respectively. These associations could not be explained by teratogenic effect of maternal haemorrhoid or by drug treatments, so we hypothesized a possible common genetic background.Conclusions:The higher frequency of exomphalos and malposition-malrotation of gut found in the children of mothers with haemorrhoid during pregnancy requires further study.
Unusual Detection of Tuberculosis in a Woman with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Pešut D , Raljević S , Slijepčević Tomić 
Published: August 2010

Unusual Detection of Tuberculosis in a Woman with Down's SyndromeA woman with Down's syndrome (DS) had sub-febrile temperature, nodular/patchy shadows on the chest X-ray over the right pulmonary base, and a history of recurrent respiratory infections. She was pale, asthenic, uncommunicative, mildly anemic and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 80/first hour. The tuberculin skin test (TST) PPD3 was negative. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from oral mucosal brushing, sensitive to the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Patients with DS and other mental disabilities need special care and attention during diagnostic procedures for tuberculosis (TB).
Economizer Selection Method with Reference to its Reliability at Preliminary Design Stage of Seagoing Vessels
Authors: Adam Charchalis , Jerzy Krefft 
Published: August 2010

Economizer Selection Method with Reference to its Reliability at Preliminary Design Stage of Seagoing Vessels
The economizers are used for production of steam heating on en route ships. The economizers are producing steam in a heat exchange process from the ship's main engine exhaust gas. Products of the incomplete combustion of the heavy fuel oil remaining in engines, passing the boiler, collect on the heat exchange surface of the economizer. When the incorrect assumptions are made for the boiler operation conditions, the boiler steam capacity drops and fire and burning of the incomplete combustion products can occur in the economizer. To minimize combustion product quantity that collects on the boiler surface, the allowable exhaust gas pressure drop in the boiler should be taken into consideration, as well as the results from recommended exhaust gas flow velocity that is determined by main engine service load determined in the preliminary design phase of the ship. The remaining operating conditions are made in such a way to obtain high steam capacity of the boiler. It is essential at the design stage to take into consideration the future operating parameters of the combustion-steam-water installation, since these parameters depend on the choice of boiler and determined at the design stage production of steam. On the basis of operation parameters of contemporary container ships, an attempt was made to select economizer capacity in the preliminary design stage taking into consideration operation conditions of the propulsion system-steam installations unit in aspect of economizer reliability.
The Analisys of Elements Decided of Ship's Movement during Strike on Ground
Authors: Galor Wiesław 
Published: August 2010

The Analisys of Elements Decided of Ship's Movement during Strike on GroundThe main goal of navigation is to handle the ship in accordance with the basic aim, which should be executed. The port water areas are one of especially, where risk of navigation accident is high. The safety of manoeuvring ship on port water area depends mainly on under-keel clearance (UKC). The paper presents the analysis of elements, which determine the movement of ship during strike on ground.
A New Species of the Genus Macrargus (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Micronetinae) from the North-East of Ukraine and Redescription of Two Related Species
Authors: Gnelitsa V. , Koponen S. 
Published: August 2010

A New Species of the Genus Macrargus (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Micronetinae) from the North-East of Ukraine and Redescription of Two Related Species
Macrargus sumyensis Gnelitsa et Koponen, sp. n. is described from the North-East of Ukraine. Two closely related species of the genus Macrargus Dahl, 1886, Macrargus boreus Holm, 1968 and M. multesimus (O.-P. Cambridge, 1875), are redescribed and illustrated in detail.
New Records of Tortricid Moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Kavurka V. 
Published: August 2010

New Records of Tortricid Moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Ukraine
Five species of tortricid moths of the tribe Grapholitini are recorded from Ukraine for the first time: Cydia oxytropidis (Martini, 1912); Pammene ignorata Kuznetzov, 1968; Dichrorampha teichiana Šulcs et Kerppola, 1997; Dichrorampha sylvicolana Heinemann, 1863 and Dichrorampha baixerasana Trematerra, 1991. Most of these species were collected in north-eastern regions of Ukraine.