bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction in Indole Chemistry: A Synthesis of Novel 7β‐Substituted Yohimbine and 4aα‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐β‐carboline Derivatives.
Authors: Yoshino Katsumasa , Yamada Fumio , Somei Masanori 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Knowledge Based Identification of Potent Antitubercular Compounds Using Structure Based Virtual Screening and Structure Interaction Fingerprints.
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Chaturvedi Vinita , Bhatnagar Shalini , Sinha Sudhir , Siddiqi Mohammad Imran 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Docking Study of Anibamine as the First Natural Product CCR5 Antagonist in CCR5 Homology Models.
Authors: Li Guo , Haney Kendra M. , Kellogg Glen E. , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discovery of the Benzhydroxamate MEK Inhibitors CI‐1040 and PD 0325901.
Authors: Warmus Joseph S. , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Arylimino‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐thiazines as a New Class of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists. Part 3. Synthesis and Activity of Isosteric Analogues.
Authors: Kai Hiroyuki , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Advances in Zirconium Phosphate and Phosphonate Chemistry: Structural Archetypes
Authors: Vivani Riccardo , Alberti Giulio , Costantino Ferdinando , Nocchetti Morena 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐assembled Magnetic Nanostructures
Authors: Jia Z. , Misra R. D. K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Strecker Reactions.
Authors: Merino Pedro , Marques‐Lopez Eugenia , Tejero Tomas Tejero , Herrera Raquel P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Anticancer Prodrugs for Reductive Activation
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Longqin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent and Emerging anti‐Diabetes Targets
Authors: Mohler Michael L. , He Yali , Wu Zhongzhi , Hwang Dong Jin , Miller Duane D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Electro‐Active Protein Architectures on Electrodes for the Construction of Biomimetic Signal Chains
Authors: Lisdat Fred , Dronov Roman , Moehwald Helmuth , Scheller Frieder W. , Kurth Dirk G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Fraga Braulio M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Nucleic Acid Transfection Technology to the Kidney
Authors: Mukai Hidefumi , Kawakami Shigeru , Hashida Mitsuru 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Bio‐Hybrid Micro Machines
Authors: Hiratsuka Yuichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of molecular parameters and increasing magnetic field strength on relaxivity of gadolinium‐ and manganese‐based T1 contrast agents
Authors: Caravan Peter , Farrar Christian T. , Frullano Luca , Uppal Ritika 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSimulations were performed to understand the relative contributions of molecular parameters to longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivity as a function of applied field, and to obtain theoretical relaxivity maxima over a range of fields to appreciate what relaxivities can be achieved experimentally. The field‐dependent relaxivities of a panel of gadolinium and manganese complexes with different molecular parameters, water exchange rates, rotational correlation times, hydration state, etc. were measured to confirm that measured relaxivities were consistent with theory. The design tenets previously stressed for optimizing r1 at low fields (very slow rotational motion; chelate immobilized by protein binding; optimized water exchange rate) do not apply at higher fields. At 1.5T and higher fields, an intermediate rotational correlation time is desired (0.5–4 ns), while water exchange rate is not as critical to achieving a high r1. For targeted applications it is recommended to tether a multimer of metal chelates to a protein‐targeting group via a long flexible linker to decouple the slow motion of the protein from the water(s) bound to the metal ions. Per ion relaxivities of 80, 45, and 18 mM−1 s−1 at 1.5, 3 and 9.4 T, respectively, are feasible for Gd3+ and Mn2+ complexes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bilateral projections from rat MI whisker cortex to the neostriatum, thalamus, and claustrum: Forebrain circuits for modulating whisking behavior
Authors: Alloway Kevin D. , Smith Jared B. , Beauchemin Kyle J. , Olson Michelle L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn rats, whisking behavior is characterized by high‐frequency synchronous movements and other stereotyped patterns of bilateral coordination that are rarely seen in the bilateral movements of the limbs. This suggests that the motor systems controlling whisker and limb movements must have qualitative or quantitative differences in their interhemispheric connections. To test this hypothesis, anterograde tracing methods were used to characterize the bilateral distribution of projections from the whisker and forepaw regions in the primary motor (MI) cortex. Unilateral tracer injections in the MI whisker or forepaw regions revealed robust projections to the corresponding MI cortical area in the contralateral hemisphere. Both MI regions project bilaterally to the neostriatum, but the corticostriatal projections from the whisker region are denser and more evenly distributed across both hemispheres than those from the MI forepaw region. The MI whisker region projects bilaterally to several nuclei in the thalamus, whereas the MI forepaw region projects almost exclusively to the ipsilateral thalamus. The MI whisker region sends dense projections to the contralateral claustrum, but those to the ipsilateral claustrum are less numerous. By contrast, the MI forepaw region sends few projections to the claustrum of either hemisphere. Bilateral deposits of different tracers in MI revealed overlapping projections to the neostriatum, thalamus, and claustrum when the whisker regions were injected, but not when the forepaw regions were injected. These results suggest that the bilateral coordination of the whiskers depends, in part, on MI projections to the contralateral neostriatum, thalamus, and claustrum. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:548–564, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bestrophin 2: An anion channel associated with neurogenesis in chemosensory systems
Authors: Klimmeck Daniel , Daiber Philipp C. , Brühl Anja , Baumann Arnd , Frings Stephan , Möhrlen Frank 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe chemosensory neuroepithelia of the vertebrate olfactory system share a life‐long ability to regenerate. Novel neurons proliferate from basal stem cells that continuously replace old or damaged sensory neurons. The sensory neurons of the mouse and rat olfactory system specifically express bestrophin 2, a member of the bestrophin family of calcium‐activated chloride channels. This channel was recently proposed to operate as a transduction channel in olfactory sensory cilia. We raised a polyclonal antibody against bestrophin 2 and characterized the expression pattern of this protein in the mouse main olfactory epithelium, septal organ of Masera, and vomeronasal organ. Comparison with the maturation markers growth‐associated protein 43 and olfactory marker protein revealed that bestrophin 2 was expressed in developing sensory neurons of all chemosensory neuroepithelia, but was restricted to proximal cilia in mature sensory neurons. Our results suggest that bestrophin 2 plays a critical role during differentiation and growth of axons and cilia. In mature olfactory receptor neurons, it appears to support growth and function of sensory cilia. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:585–599, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary significance of delayed neurogenesis in the core versus shell auditory areas of Mus musculus
Authors: Zeng Shao‐Ju , Lin Yu‐Tao , Tian Cui‐Ping , Song Kui‐Jin , Zhang Xin‐Wen , Zuo Ming‐Xue 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEarly comparative embryogenesis can reflect the organization and evolutionary origins of brain areas. Neurogenesis in the auditory areas of sauropsids displays a clear core‐to‐shell distinction, but it remains unclear in mammals. To address this issue, [3H]‐thymidine was injected into pregnant mice on consecutive embryonic (E) days (E10–E19) to date neuronal birthdays. Immunohistochemistry for substance P, calbindin, and parvalbumin was conducted to distinguish the core and shell auditory regions. The results showed that: 1) cell generation began at E13 in the external or dorsal nucleus of the inferior colliculus (IC), but it did not start in the caudomedial portion of the central nucleus of IC, and significantly fewer cells were produced in the medial and rostromedial portions of the central nucleus of IC; 2) cells were generated at E11 in the dorsal and medial divisions of the medial geniculate complex (MGd and MGm, respectively), whereas cell generation was absent in the medial and rostromedial portions of the ventral medial geniculate complex (MGv), and fewer cells were produced in the caudomedial portion of MGv; 3) in the telencephalic auditory cortex, cells were produced at E11 or E12 in layer I and the subplate, which receive projections from the MGd and MGm. However, cell generation occurred at E13–E18 in layers II–VI, including the area receiving projections from the MGv. The core‐to‐shell distinction of neurogenesis is thus present in the mesencephalic to telencephalic auditory areas in the mouse. This distinction of neurogenesis is discussed from an evolutionary perspective. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:600–613, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collateral projections of neurons in laminae I, III, and IV of rat spinal cord to thalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, and lateral parabrachial area
Authors: Al‐Khater Khulood M. , Todd Andrew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProjection neurons in lamina I, together with those in laminae III–IV that express the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1r), form a major route through which nociceptive information reaches the brain. Axons of these cells innervate various targets, including thalamus, periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), and lateral parabrachial area (LPb), and many cells project to more than one target. The aims of this study were to quantify projections from cervical enlargement to PAG and LPb, to determine the proportion of spinothalamic neurons at lumbar and cervical levels that were labelled from PAG and LPb, and to investigate morphological differences between projection populations. The C7 segment contained fewer lamina I spinoparabrachial cells than L4, but a similar number of spino‐PAG cells. Virtually all spinothalamic lamina I neurons at both levels were labelled from LPb and between one‐third and one‐half from PAG. This suggests that significant numbers project to all three targets. Spinothalamic lamina I neurons differed from those labelled only from LPb in that they were generally larger, were more often multipolar, and (in cervical enlargement) had stronger NK1r immunoreactivity. Most lamina III/IV NK1r cells at both levels projected to LPb, but few were labelled from PAG. The great majority of these cells in C7 and over one‐fourth of those in L4 were spinothalamic, and at each level some projected to both thalamus and LPb. These results confirm that neurons in these laminae have extensive collateral projections and suggest that different neuronal subpopulations in lamina I have characteristic patterns of supraspinal projection. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:629–646, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative morphometry of electrophysiologically identified CA3b interneurons reveals robust local geometry and distinct cell classes
Authors: Ascoli Giorgio A. , Brown Kerry M. , Calixto Eduardo , Card J. Patrick , Galván E.J. , Perez‐Rosello T. , Barrionuevo Germán 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe morphological and electrophysiological diversity of inhibitory cells in hippocampal area CA3 may underlie specific computational roles and is not yet fully elucidated. In particular, interneurons with somata in strata radiatum (R) and lacunosum‐moleculare (L‐M) receive converging stimulation from the dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex as well as within CA3. Although these cells express different forms of synaptic plasticity, their axonal trees and connectivity are still largely unknown. We investigated the branching and spatial patterns, plus the membrane and synaptic properties, of rat CA3b R and L‐M interneurons digitally reconstructed after intracellular labeling. We found considerable variability within but no difference between the two layers, and no correlation between morphological and biophysical properties. Nevertheless, two cell types were identified based on the number of dendritic bifurcations, with significantly different anatomical and electrophysiological features. Axons generally branched an order of magnitude more than dendrites. However, interneurons on both sides of the R/L‐M boundary revealed surprisingly modular axodendritic arborizations with consistently uniform local branch geometry. Both axons and dendrites followed a lamellar organization, and axons displayed a spatial preference toward the fissure. Moreover, only a small fraction of the axonal arbor extended to the outer portion of the invaded volume, and tended to return toward the proximal region. In contrast, dendritic trees demonstrated more limited but isotropic volume occupancy. These results suggest a role of predominantly local feedforward and lateral inhibitory control for both R and L‐M interneurons. Such a role may be essential to balance the extensive recurrent excitation of area CA3 underlying hippocampal autoassociative memory function. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:677–695, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term survival of olfactory sensory neurons after target depletion
Authors: Sultan‐Styne Krista , Toledo Rafael , Walker Christine , Kallkopf Anna , Ribak Charles E. , Guthrie Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLife‐long addition and elimination of neurons within the adult olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb allows for adaptive structural responses to sensory experience, learning, and recovery after injury. The interdependence of the two structures is highlighted by the shortened life span of sensory neurons deprived of bulb contact, and has prompted the hypothesis that trophic cues from the bulb contribute to their survival. The specific identity and source of these signals remain unknown. To investigate the potential role of target neurons in this support, we employed a neurotoxic lesion to selectively remove them while preserving the remaining nerve projection pathway, and examined the dynamics of sensory neuron proliferation and survival. Pulse‐labeling of progenitors with bromodeoxyuridine showed that, as with surgical bulb removal, increased apoptosis in the epithelium triggered accelerated production of new neurons after chemical depletion of target cells. Rather than undergoing premature death, a large subpopulation of these neurons survived long term. The combination of increased proliferation and extended survival resulted in essentially normal numbers of new sensory neurons surviving for as long as 5 weeks, with an accompanying restoration of olfactory marker protein expression. Changes in neurotrophic factor expression levels as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR), and in bulb cell populations, including the addition of new neurons generated in the subventricular zone, were observed in the injured bulb. These data indicate that olfactory sensory neurons can adapt to reductions in their normal target field by obtaining sufficient support from remaining or alternative cell sources to survive and maintain their projections. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:696–710, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila serotonergic varicosities are not distributed in a regular manner
Authors: Chen John , Condron Barry G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNeurons of the brain form complex tree‐like structures that are critical for function. Here we examine the spatial pattern of serotonergic varicosities, the synaptic sites of serotonin release in the central nervous system (CNS). These varicosities are thought to form largely nonjunctional‐type connections that partition in a grid‐like manner in order to distribute evenly the neuromodulatory neurotransmitter serotonin. We describe the neuropil distribution of serotonergic varicosities in the brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC) of the larval Drosophila CNS. In the brain, we find evidence for avoidance between varicosities at distances lower than 1.75 μm. However, in the VNC, we find a clustered distribution. A similar clustered pattern is found in the Xenopus brain. This pattern produces many varicosities that are clustered together but also includes some varicosities that are very isolated. These isolated varicosities are not found along particular topological sections of the neurite tree or in particular locations in the CNS. In addition, the pattern breaks down when serotonergic branches of adjacent segments invade each other's territory. The pattern is similar to those described by a power law. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:441–453, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐order TVB discretizations in time using Richardson's extrapolation
Authors: Amat S. , Busquier S. , Gómez M. A. , Manzano F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRichardson's extrapolation is applied to total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge–Kutta schemes in order to improve their accuracy without doubling their computational cost as classical high‐order (more than three) TVD schemes. The obtained schemes preserve the total variation bounded (TVB) property. Since the extrapolation is performed with schemes that are really TVD, a stable behavior is expected. Using also TVB schemes in space, some numerical experiments showing good performances of the proposed schemes are presented. Up to our knowledge, it is the first time that extrapolation procedures are used in this way. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab Initio Kinetics for Decomposition/Isomerization Reactions of C2H5O Radicals
Authors: Xu Zhen Feng , Xu Kun , Lin Ming Chang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRadical reactions: The ground‐state potential energy surface of the C2H5O system is investigated by ab initio methods using optimized geometries. The rate constants for the unimolecular isomerization and decomposition reactions of the three isomeric radicals (see picture) are calculated by microcanonical transition‐state theory at 200–3000 K, varying the pressures of the diluents.magnified imageThe ground‐state potential energy surface of the C2H5O system, including the decomposition and isomerization of the ethoxy (CH3CH2O), 1‐hydroxyethyl (CH3CHOH), and 2‐hydroxyethyl (CH2CH2OH) radicals, is computed by the modified Gaussian‐2 (G2M) and CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(3df,2p) methods by using the geometries optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. These detailed reaction pathways are used to calculate the rate constants for the unimolecular isomerization and decomposition reactions of the three radicals by the microcanonical transition‐state theory and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory in the temperature range of 200–3000 K at varying pressures of He and other diluents. The predicted rate constants are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. In addition, the predicted heats of formation of the three isomeric radicals are compared with available experimental and theoretical values.