bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seminal vesicle invasion: what is the best adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy?
Authors: Bastide Cyrille , Rossi Dominique , Lechevallier Eric , Bladou Franck , Barriol David , Bretheau Denis , Grisoni Vincent , Mancini Julien , Giusiano Sophie , Eghazarian Christophe , Van Hove Antoine 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Therapy (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer has a poor prognosis. Nowadays, there is no consensus about the best adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy when seminal vesicle invasion is observed in the specimen.To our knowledge, this is the first comparative study between different adjuvant treatments after radical prostatectomy when seminal vesicle invasion is observed in the specimen.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the biochemical‐failure free survival according to different adjuvant treatments in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) with seminal vesicle invasion (SVI).PATIENTS AND METHODS• Between 1994 and 2008, 4090 men underwent RP in nine centres. Of these, 310 men had a SVI.• Exclusion criteria were: detectable postoperative prostate‐specific antigen, lymph node metastases and follow‐up <18 months.• Therefore, the study group included 199 patients. Of these, 41 received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) only, 26 received adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) only, 50 received adjuvant ADT combined with RT and 82 were monitored. The endpoint for this analysis was biochemical no evidence of disease (bNED).• Preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, specimen Gleason score, age, clinical stage, surgical margin status and adjuvant treatment were evaluated in a multivariable analysis with respect to bNED survival.RESULTS• After a mean (range) follow‐up of 60.3 (18–185) months, 88 (44.2%) patients had a biochemical relapse.• The estimated 5‐ and 7‐year bNED survival were 32.6% and 25.9% for the observation group, 44.4% and 28.6% for the RT only group, 48.4% and 32.3% for the ADT only group and 82.8% and 62.1% for the adjuvant ADT combined with RT group.• On multivariate analysis, only adjuvant ADT combined with RT (P < 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor of biochemical relapse.CONCLUSIONS• RP appeared to be insufficient as a single treatment for patients with SVI.• The findings of the present study suggest that adjuvant ADT combined with RT after RP for patients with SVI confers a substantial benefit on 5‐year bNED survival.
Serum testosterone level as a predictor of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Røder Martin Andreas , Christensen Ib Jarle , Berg Kasper D. , Gruschy Lisa , Brasso Klaus , Iversen Peter 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Aetiology (individual cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?The precise relationship between serum testosterone (T) and prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and progression is controversial.Low pre‐treatment serum T correlates with higher risk of BF after radical prostatectomy, and T may possess biological information about PCa progression potential.OBJECTIVE• To investigate serum testosterone levels as a predictor for biochemical failure (BF) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).PATIENTS AND METHODS• Prospective cohort study with 227 patients and a median follow‐up of 7.7 years.• Total serum testosterone was measured at diagnosis.• Primary endpoint: 5‐year BF‐free survival defined as first PSA > 0.2 ng/mL.• Testosterone was tested as a predictor of BF as a dichotomized and continuous variable.RESULTS• Median (range) age was 62 years (45–74), median PSA 9.9 ng/mL (0.4–96), and median testosterone was 14 nmol/L (2.2–40).• BF occurred for 57 patients (26%) within 5 years.• In multivariate analysis with age, PSA, and biopsy Gleason score, testosterone levels >11 nmol/L were an independent predictor for reduced risk of BF (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.90; P= 0.02).• When analyzed as a continuous variable, testosterone was not a statistically significant predictor of BF.CONCLUSION• Low pretreatment serum testosterone levels correlate with a higher risk of BF, and testosterone may possess biological information about prostate cancer progression potential, which makes it an independent predictor of biochemical failure after RRP.
Expression of the tumour antigen T21 is up‐regulated in prostate cancer and is associated with tumour stage
Authors: Miles Amanda K. , Rogers Alistair , McCulloch Thomas , Hodi Zsolt , McArdle Stephanie , Bishop Michael , Rees Robert C. 
Published: August 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?T21 is an immunogenic prostate‐associated tumor antigen identified by SEREX expression cloning and shown to have a highly restricted mRNA expression profile. This study shows the expression of T21 at the protein level in a panel of tissues and cell lines and demonstrates increasing levels of T21 protein expression in patients with more advanced stage prostate cancer.OBJECTIVES
To define the expression pattern of the tumour antigen T21 at the protein level in prostate tissues, prostate cell lines and a panel of normal tissues.
To correlate the expression pattern of T21 in prostate cancer with clinical parameters.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Tissue samples were collected from 79 patients presenting at clinic with either prostate cancer (63 patients) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, 16 patients).
A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from 44 of the prostate cancer tissues and areas of benign disease (43 patients) from these tissues were also included on the TMA. The remaining tissues (prostate cancer 19 patients and BPH 16 patients) were mounted fresh frozen onto cork boards and sectioned.
Full ethical approval was granted for all aspects of the study and informed patient consent was taken before tissue collection.
Immunohistochemistry was used on the prostate tumour TMA, the normal tissue TMA and the fresh‐frozen prostate tissues. Fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry was performed on prostate cell lines.
RESULTS
Expression of T21 was highly restricted within normal tissues with only the stomach, ovary, breast and prostate having detectable T21 expression.
T21 was significantly over‐expressed in prostate cancer glands compared with benign tissue and was present in >80% of the malignant specimens analysed.
Increased expression was positively correlated to pathological stage of prostate tumours.
Additionally, T21 was associated with Gleason grade and prostate‐specific antigen recurrence, although statistical significance was not reached in this restricted cohort of patients.
CONCLUSION
Taken together these results show that T21 is a potential new biomarker for advanced disease and that elevated levels of T21 appear relevant to prostate cancer development.
Long‐term outcomes of augmentation ileocystoplasty in patients with spinal cord injury: a minimum of 10 years of follow‐up
Authors: Gurung Pratik M.S. , Attar Kaka H. , Abdul‐Rahman Ahmad , Morris Tim , Hamid Rizwan , Shah P. Julian R. 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Suprasacral spinal cord injuries can result in intractable detrusor overactivity adversely effecting patients’ quality of life. It can lead to high pressure bladder resulting in urinary incontinence and deterioration of upper tract function. Augmentation cystoplasty is an accepted procedure in treating refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity.Several publications have reported on the short‐ to intermediate‐term outcomes with augmentation cystoplasty in patients with spinal cord injury. However, it is not known how these outcomes alter over a longer period. This study has a follow‐up of at least 10 years. It evaluates the durability of this procedure over the longer term. It also assesses the patients reported outcome over this period. This data can help counsel patients better when considering augmentation cystoplasty as a treatment option for the management of refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity secondary to spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE
To report the long‐term outcomes of augmentation ileocystoplasty (AIC) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), with a minimum follow‐up period of 10 years.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analysed all operations performed by a single surgeon at a specialist spinal unit.
Outcomes were measured by comparing preoperative and follow‐up videocystometrograms (VCMGs).
Complications were identified from case notes and the surgery database.
Subjective assessment was through a previously validated questionnaire.
RESULTS
The mean (range) follow‐up was 14.7 (10.5–20.3) years. There were 19 patients (12 males) with a mean (range) age at time of surgery of 28.9 (12–52) years. The mean (range) period from injury to surgery was 4.5 (0.3–22) years. All had suprasacral injuries.
The VCMGs showed a significant improvement in bladder capacity and a decrease in intravesical pressures (P < 0.001).
Long‐term complications included bladder stones (n= 4); urosepsis (n= 2); vesico‐ureteric reflux ([VUR]n= 2), VUR requiring ureteric re‐implantation (n= 1); neurogenic detrusor overactivity ([NDO]n= 1); and laparatomy for bowel obstruction (n= 1). Surveillance cystoscopies did not detect any bladder neoplasms.
The response rate for the questionnaire survey was 14/17; 13/14 patients were satisfied with the operation such that they would consider it again or recommend it to a friend. No patient reported any significant changes in either bowel habit or sexual function.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that AIC has excellent long‐term outcomes in the definitive management of refractory NDO in patients with SCI.
The complications of AIC appear to be more than counterbalanced by a high level of patient satisfaction with the procedure and by the achievement of the primary aim of ensuring continence and upper tract safety in these patients.
Simulating climate change impacts on forests and associated vascular epiphytes in a subtropical island of East Asia
Authors: Hsu Rebecca C.‐C. , Tamis Wil L. M. , Raes Niels , de Snoo Geert R. , Wolf Jan H. D. , Oostermeijer Gerard , Lin Shu‐Hua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim  This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on forests and vascular epiphytes, using species distribution models (SDMs).Location  Island of Taiwan, subtropical East Asia.Methods  A hierarchical modelling approach incorporating forest migration velocity and forest type–epiphyte interactions with classical SDMs was used to model the responses of eight forest types and 237 vascular epiphytes for the year 2100 under two climate change scenarios. Forest distributions were modelled and modified by dominant tree species’ dispersal limitations and hypothesized persistence under unfavourable climate conditions (20 years for broad‐leaved trees and 50 years for conifers). The modelled forest projections together with 16 environmental variables were used as predictors in models of epiphyte distributions. A null method was applied to validate the significance of epiphyte SDMs, and potential vulnerable species were identified by calculating range turnover rates.Results  For the year 2100, the model predicted a reduction in the range of most forest types, especially for Picea and cypress forests, which shifted to altitudes c. 400 and 300 m higher, respectively. The models indicated that epiphyte distributions are highly correlated with forest types, and the majority (77–78%) of epiphyte species were also projected to lose 45–58% of their current range, shifting on average to altitudes c. 400 m higher than currently. Range turnover rates suggested that insensitive epiphytes were generally lowland or widespread species, whereas sensitive species were more geographically restricted, showing a higher correlation with temperature‐related factors in their distributions.Main conclusions  The hierarchical modelling approach successfully produced interpretable results, suggesting the importance of considering biotic interactions and the inclusion of terrain‐related factors when developing SDMs for dependant species at a local scale. Long‐term monitoring of potentially vulnerable sites is advised, especially of those sites that fall outside current conservation reserves where additional human disturbance is likely to exacerbate the effect of climate change.
A novel Y231del mutation of HFE in hereditary haemochromatosis provides in vivo evidence that the Huh‐7 is a human haemochromatotic cell line
Authors: Takano Atsuko , Niimi Hideki , Atarashi Yoshinari , Sawasaki Takuro , Terasaki Teiichi , Nakabayashi Tomoyuki , Kitajima Isao , Tobe Kazuyuki , Takahara Terumi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHereditary haemochromatosis (HH), which is mainly associated with a C282Y polymorphism in HFE, is common among Caucasians of north European descent, but is very rare among Asians. Herein, we report a 43‐year‐old Japanese man who was diagnosed as having HH. A laboratory examination revealed an elevated serum iron level (280 μg/dl), hyperferritinemia (1698 ng/ml) and a low serum level of hepcidin‐25 (4.0 ng/ml). Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings suggestive of iron accumulation in the liver and pancreas. HFE gene sequencing in the patient revealed a novel homozygous TAC nucleotide deletion (c. 691_693del) responsible for the loss of a tyrosine at position 231 (p. Y231del) of the HFE protein. This homozygous Y231del mutation was recently found in the Huh‐7 hepatoma cell line and was shown to prevent the translocation of HFE to the cell surface. This clinical case provides in vivo evidence suggesting that Huh‐7 is undoubtedly a human haemochromatotic cell line and, as such, is a valuable tool for investigating the pathogenesis of HFE‐related HH in humans.
Provision and quality of dialysis services in Libya
Authors: ALASHEK Wiam A. , MCINTYRE Christopher W. , TAAL Maarten W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDialysis is entirely funded by the public health care sector in Libya. Access to treatment is unrestricted for citizens but there is a lack of local information and no renal registry to gather national data. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate dialysis provision and practice in Libyan dialysis facilities in 2009. A structured interview regarding dialysis capacity, staffing and methods of assessment of dialysis patients, and infection control measures was conducted with the medical directors of all 40 dialysis centers and 28 centers were visited. A total of 2417 adult patients were receiving maintenance dialysis in 40 centers, giving a population prevalence of approximately 624 per million. Most dialysis units were located in the northern part of the country and only 12.5% were free‐standing units. Only three centers offered peritoneal dialysis. One hundred ninety‐two hemodialysis rooms hosted 713 functioning hemodialysis stations, giving a ratio of one machine to 3.4 patients. Around half of centers operated only two dialysis shifts per day. Nephrologist/internist to patient ratio was 1:40 and nurse to patient ratio was 1:3.7. We found a wide variation in monitoring of dialysis patients, with dialysis adequacy assessed only in a minority. Separate rooms were allocated for chronic viral infection seropositive patients in 92.5% of the units. In general, the provision of dialysis is adequate but several areas for improvement have been identified, including a need for implementation of guidelines, recruitment of more nephrologists, and the development of more cost‐effective alternatives such as peritoneal dialysis and transplantation.
A Human Neutralizing Antibody Specific to Ang‐2 Inhibits Ocular Angiogenesis
Authors: RENNEL EMMA S. , REGULA JÖRG T. , HARPER STEVEN J. , THOMAS MARKUS , KLEIN CHRISTIAN , BATES DAVID O. 
Published: August 2011

Please cite this paper as: Rennel, Regula, Harper, Thomas, Klein and Bates (2011). A Human Neutralizing Antibody Specific to Ang‐2 Inhibits Ocular Angiogenesis. Microcirculation 18(7), 598–607.AbstractObjective:  Angiogenesis, a critical contributor to ocular as well as neoplastic diseases, is stimulated by endothelial production of angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2). Our objective was to determine the requirement of ocular angiogenesis for Ang2 in animal models of disease.Methods:  We developed and compared the effect of a novel human Ang2 antibody with a pan‐angiopoietin strategy on angiogenesis in ocular angiogenesis in animal models of oxygen‐induced retinopathy, and laser photocoagulation and confirmed its efficacy in xenografted human colorectal tumors.Results:  Human anti‐Ang2 and anti‐angiopoietin1(Ang1)/Ang2 antibodies blocked colorectal carcinoma growth in immuno‐compromised mice (p < 0.001, n = 6). Injection of 1 μg of Ang2 or Ang2/Ang1 antibody‐inhibited angiogenesis in models of retinal (p < 0.001, n = 6), and choroidal neovascularization (p < 0.001, n = 11–13 per group) to levels similar to that with anti‐VEGF antibodies. There was no difference between Ang2 specific and Ang1/Ang2 bi‐specific antibodies. In vitro, Ang2 antibodies showed no cytotoxicity and did not inhibit endothelial cell migration or proliferation.Conclusion:  Thus, human Ang2 antibodies are potentially therapeutic agents for ocular neovascularization in models of retinal and choroidal neovascularization, in the absence of VEGF inhibition.
The effect of clockwise and counterclockwise twisting moments on abutment screw loosening
Authors: Yao Kuang‐Ta , Kao Hung‐Chan , Cheng Cheng‐Kung , Fang Hsu‐Wei , Yip Shing‐Wai , Hsu Ming‐Lun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectivesAbutment screw loosening is one of the most common complications of dental implants. When occlusal loading is applied, bending and twisting moments are counteracted by the implant‐abutment connection held with the abutment screw. Restorations in different quarters of the oral cavity might bear clockwise or counterclockwise twisting moments that result from a regular chewing pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different directional twisting moments on abutment screws.MethodsTwenty 3i implants were divided into four groups of C, R, L, and O. Each assembly consisted of an implant, abutment, and superstructure. For group C, a cyclic load of 10–100 N for 106 cycles was applied centrally and perpendicular to the long axis of the implant, whereas for groups R and L, the same load conditions were applied eccentrically in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. Group O was left unloaded. The difference between the initial torque and post‐load reverse torque was defined as the total torque loss. The data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test. The surface of the abutment hexagon corners were examined with SEM after loading.ResultsNo abutment screw loosening was found after loading. Total torque loss of groups C, R, L, and O were 10.50 ± 0.58, 9.56 ± 1.01, 9.98 ± 1.81, and 9.58 ± 0.94 Ncm, respectively. There were no statistical differences among the four groups. SEM observations showed marked burnishing at the hexagonal corners on the compression sides of the R and L groups.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, there was little effect of twisting moment direction on the total torque loss of an internal hexagon connection implant system. This could be attributed to the anti‐twisting mechanism of the internal hexagon connection.
Mechanosensation and maximum bite force in edentulous patients rehabilitated with bimaxillary implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses
Authors: Luraschi Julien , Schimmel Martin , Bernard Jean‐Pierre , Gallucci German O. , Belser Urs , Müller Frauke 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare tactile sensitivity and maximum voluntary bite force (MBF) of edentulous patients with implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (IFDP/IFDPs) to those wearing complete dentures (CG‐CC) and fully dentate subjects (CG‐DD).MethodsSeven edentulous subjects with IFDP/IFDPs, seven with CG‐CC and seven CG‐DD, matched for age and gender, participated in the pilot experiments. Three active tactile thresholds (absolute, 50% and 100%) were evaluated by means of copper foils of decreasing thickness (12 foils: 700–5 μm). The passive thresholds were measured in six different sites per quadrant using a custom‐made computer‐supported strain gauge. MBF was evaluated electronically using the central‐bearing point method.ResultsActive tactile thresholds were different between all three groups of dental state (Kruskal–Wallis: absolute P = 0.0156; 50% P = 0.0019; 100% P = 0.0059). The active tactile sensitivity with IFDP/IFDPs was between those of the two other groups, except for the 100% threshold. The median passive tactile threshold was higher in patients with IFDP/IFDPs (5.7 N) than in CG‐CC (1.7 N) and CG‐DD (0.5 N) (Kruskal–Wallis P < 0.0005). MBF did not differ significantly between the dental states (ns).ConclusionIFDP/IFDPs are a valuable treatment option for restoring edentulous patients. Limitations concerning their physiological integration into the orofacial system are mainly related to a poor passive rather than active tactile sensitivity or maximum bite force.
Biological complications and peri‐implant clinical and radiographic changes at immediately placed dental implants. A prospective 5‐year cohort study
Authors: Rodrigo Daniel , Martin Conchita , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate clinically and radiographically immediate implants 5 years after insertion and to compare them with delayed‐placed implants in the same subjectsMaterial and methodsTwenty‐two consecutive patients that needed at least two implants for replacing hopeless teeth, one immediately upon extraction and the other in a delayed fashion (at least 4 months post‐extraction) were selected in this prospective cohort study. Post‐extraction immediate implants (II) and delayed implants (DI) groups were defined. One and 5 years after implant loading, clinical and radiographical outcome variables were recorded and analysed both at site and at implant level. Intra‐group and inter‐group comparisons were performed.ResultsThe intergroup comparison did not show significant differences for plaque index, bleeding on probing and suppuration. These parameters worsen in both groups along the study. This trend was stronger for the plaque index in the group II, which increased from 15.6% at 1 year to 25.9% at 5 years (P < 0.04). One year after loading, the sites with probing depth ≥5 mm were higher for the group II compared to DI (2.5% vs. 0%; P = 0.049). At the end of the study, no significant statistical differences were found. Radiographically, bone crestal changes did not yield significant differences. During the follow‐up period, 25% of the implants (26.4% in group II and 23.5% in DI) showed biological complications: mucositis (20%) and/or periimplantitis (5.8%). No differences between groups were found.ConclusionsWithin the same patients, the implants placed with the immediate protocol demonstrated a higher tendency to crestal bone loss and to peri‐implantitis, although these differences were not statistically significant.
Medical devices in dermatology: topical semi‐solid formulations for the treatment of skin diseases
Authors: Korting Hans Christian , Schöllmann Claudia 
Published: August 2011

SummaryIn recent years, topically applied semi‐solid formulations certified as medicals devices and not as topical drugs are increasingly used for the treatment of skin diseases. Medical devices primarily unfold their therapeutic effect by physical means, not by pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means. Intensified placing of medical devices on the dermatological market may at least partly be explained by a less complex marketing authorization process compared to topical drugs. If the requirements are fulfilled to certify a product as a medical device the opportunity will be offered to quickly introduce innovations onto the market and propagate them. A variety of evidence‐based medical devices for several dermatological indications are presented here.