bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do we take drugs? From the drug-reinforcement theory to a novel concept of drug instrumentalization
Authors: Spanagel Rainer 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe drug-reinforcement theory explains why humans get engaged in drug taking behavior. This theory posits that drugs of abuse serve as biological rewards by activating the reinforcement system. Although from a psychological and neurobiological perspective this theory is extremely helpful, it does not tell us about the drug-taking motives and motivation of an individual. The definition of drug instrumentalization goals will improve our understanding of individual drug-taking profiles.
Theoretical predictions of mass, semimajor axis and eccentricity distributions of super-Earths
Authors: Ida Shigeru 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe discuss the effects of close scattering and merging between planets on distributions of mass, semimajor axis and orbital eccentricity, using population synthesis model of planet formation, focusing on the distributions of close-in super-Earths, which are being observed recently. We found that a group of compact embryos emerge interior to the ice line, grow, migrate, and congregate into closely-packed convoys which stall in the proximity of their host stars. After the disk-gas depletion, they undergo orbit crossing, close scattering, and giant impacts to form multiple rocky Earths or super-Earths in non-resonant orbits around ~ 0.1AU with moderate eccentricities of ~ 0.01–0.1. The formation of these planets does not depend on model parameters such as type I migration speed. The fraction of solar-type stars with these super-Earths is anti-correlated with the fraction of stars with gas giants. The newly predicted family of close-in super-Earths makes less clear “planet desert” at intermediate mass range than our previous prediction.
Composition of massive giant planets
Authors: Helled Ravit , Bodenheimer Peter , Lissauer Jack J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe two current models for giant planet formation are core accretion and disk instability. We discuss the core masses and overall planetary enrichment in heavy elements predicted by the two formation models, and show that both models could lead to a large range of final compositions. For example, both can form giant planets with nearly stellar compositions. However, low-mass giant planets, enriched in heavy elements compared to their host stars, are more easily explained by the core accretion model. The final structure of the planets, i.e., the distribution of heavy elements, is not firmly constrained in either formation model.
Direct imaging and spectroscopy of planets and brown dwarfs in wide orbits
Authors: Bonavita Mariangela , Jayawardhana Ray , Janson Markus , Lafrenière David 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent direct imaging discoveries of exoplanets have raised new questions about the formation of very low-mass objects in very wide orbits. Several explanations have been proposed, but all of them run into some difficulties, trying to explain all the properties of these objects at once. Here we present the results of a deep adaptive optics imaging survey of 85 stars in the Upper Scorpius young association with Gemini, reaching contrasts of up to 10 magnitudes. In addition to identifying numerous stellar binaries and a few triples, we also found several interesting sub-stellar companions. We discuss the implications of these discoveries, including the possibility of a second pathway to giant planet formation.
Understanding exoplanet formation, structure and evolution in 2010
Authors: Chabrier Gilles , Leconte Jérémy , Baraffe Isabelle 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this short review, we summarize our present understanding (and non-understanding) of exoplanet formation, structure and evolution, in the light of the most recent discoveries. Recent observations of transiting massive brown dwarfs seem to remarkably confirm the predicted theoretical mass-radius relationship in this domain. This mass-radius relationship provides, in some cases, a powerful diagnostic to distinguish planets from brown dwarfs of same mass, as for instance for Hat-P-20b. If confirmed, this latter observation shows that planet formation takes place up to at least 8 Jupiter masses. Conversely, observations of brown dwarfs down to a few Jupiter masses in young, low-extinction clusters strongly suggests an overlapping mass domain between (massive) planets and (low-mass) brown dwarfs, i.e. no mass edge between these two distinct (in terms of formation mechanism) populations. At last, the large fraction of heavy material inferred for many of the transiting planets confirms the core-accretion scenario as been the dominant one for planet formation.
Exoplanet atmospheres: A theoretical outlook
Authors: Seager Sara 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWith over two dozen exoplanet atmospheres observed today, the field of exoplanet atmospheres is solidly established. The highlights of exoplanet atmosphere studies include: detection of molecular spectral features; constraints on atmospheric vertical temperature structure; detection of day-night temperature gradients; and a new numerical approach to atmosphere temperature and abundance retrieval. As hot Jupiter observations and interpretation are maturing, the next frontier is super Earth atmospheres. Theoretical models of super Earth atmospheres are moving forward with observational hopes pinned on the James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled for launch in 2014. Further in the future lies direct imaging attempts to answer the enigmatic and ancient question, “Are we alone?” via atmospheric biosignatures.
The diverse origin of exoplanets' eccentricities & inclinations
Authors: Ford Eric B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRadial velocity surveys have discovered over 400 exoplanets. While measuring eccentricities of low-mass planets remains a challenge, giant exoplanets display a broad range of orbital eccentricities. Recently, spectroscopic measurements during transit have demonstrated that the short-period giant planets (“hot-Jupiters”) also display a broad range of orbital inclinations (relative to the rotation axis of the host star). Both properties pose a challenge for simple disk migration models and suggest that late-stage orbital evolution can play an important role in determining the final architecture of planetary systems. One possible formation mechanism for the inclined hot-Jupiters is some form of eccentricity excitation (e.g., planet scattering, secular perturbations due to a distant planet or wide binary) followed tidal circularization. The planet scattering hypothesis also makes predictions for the population of planets at large separations. Recent discoveries of planets on wide orbits via direct imaging and highly anticipated results from upcoming direct imaging campaigns are poised to provide a new type of constraint on planet formation. This proceedings describes recent progress in understanding the formation of giant exoplanets.
Towards habitable Earths with EUCLID and WFIRST
Authors: Beaulieu Jean-Philippe , Bennett David P. , Kerins Eamonn , Penny Matthew 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe discovery of extrasolar planets is arguably the most exciting development in astrophysics during the past 15 years, rivalled only by the detection of dark energy. Two projects are now at the intersection of the two communities of exoplanet scientists and cosmologists: EUCLID, proposed as an ESA M-class mission; and WFIRST, the top-ranked large space mission for the next decade by the Astro 2010 Decadal Survey report. The missions are to have several important science programs: a dark energy survey using weak lensing, baryon acoustic oscillations, Type Ia supernova, a survey of exoplanetary architectures using microlensing, and different surveys. The WFIRST and EUCLID microlensing planet search programs will provide a statistical census of exoplanets with masses greater than the mass of Mars and orbital separations ranging from 0.5 AU outwards, including free-floating planets. This will include analogs of all Solar System planets except for Mercury, as well as most types of planets predicted by planet formation theories. In combination with Kepler's census of planets in shorter period orbits, EUCLID and WFIRST's planet search programs will provide a complete statistical census of the planets that populate our Galaxy. As of today, EUCLID is proposed to ESA as a M class mission (the result of the selection will be known in october 2011). We are presenting here preliminary results about the expected planet yields. WFIRST has just appointed a Science Definition Team.
Super-Earths and life - a fascinating puzzle: Example GJ 581d
Authors: Kaltenegger Lisa , Segura Antígona , Mohanty Subhanjoy 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSpurred by the recent large number of radial velocity detections and the discovery of several transiting system and among those two planets, that are consistent with rocky composition, the study of planets orbiting nearby stars has now entered an era of characterizing massive terrestrial planets (aka super-Earths). One prominent question is, if such planets could be habitats. Here we focuss on one particular planet Gl581d. For Earth-like assumptions, we investigate the minimal atmospheric conditions for Gl581d to be potentially habitable at its current position, and if habitability could be remotely detected in its spectra. The model we present here only represents one possible nature an Earth-like composition - of a planet like Gl581d in a wide parameter space. Future observations of atmospheric features of such super-Earths can be used to examine if our concept of habitability and its dependence on the carbonate-silicate cycle is correct, and also assess whether Gl581d is indeed the first detected habitable super-Earth. We will need spectroscopic measurements to probe the atmosphere of such planets to break the degeneracy of mass and radius measurements and characterize a planetary environment.
Metallicity of M dwarfs: The link to exoplanets
Authors: Neves V. , Bonfils X. , Santos N. C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe determination of the stellar parameters of M dwarfs is of prime importance in the fields of galactic, stellar and planetary astronomy. M stars are the least studied galactic component regarding their fundamental parameters. Yet, they are the most numerous stars in the galaxy and contribute to most of its total (baryonic) mass. In particular, we are interested in their metallicity in order to study the star-planet connection and to refine the planetary parameters. As a preliminary result we present a test of the metallicity calibrations of Bonfils et al. (2005), Johnson & Apps (2009), and Schlaufman & Laughlin (2010) using a new sample of 17 binaries with precise V band photometry.
Observable signatures of dust evolution mechanisms which shape the planet forming regions
Authors: Panić Olja , Birnstiel Tilman , Visser Ruud , van Kampen Elco 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOverdensity of dust with respect to the gas in the planet forming regions is a crucial prerequisite to form larger bodies and eventually planets. We use a state-of-the-art code to simulate dust evolution processes in gas-rich circumstellar discs, including the viscous gas evolution. We find significant deviations of the radial distribution of dust from that of the gas as early as 1-2Myr. These deviations are closely related to the efficiency of grain growth. Apparent discrepancies between dust and gas distributions are suggested by the current millimetre interferometer observations, and ALMA will allow us tointerpret any such discrepancies in the context of dust evolution.
Observational signs of planet infall and Roche lobe overflow outward migration
Authors: Taylor Stuart F. , Jiang Ing-Guey 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOutward migration of planets due to Roche lobe overflow may play an important role in producing the presently observed distribution of planet parameters. We suggest that many of the currently known short period planets may have already migrated into the Roche distance from the star, and then deposited at their current semi-major axes by being migrated outwards due to angular momentum transfer from an episode of Roche lobe overflow (RLO). This RLO outward migration (RLOOM) could be sustained in the region where planetary radius increases with decreasing mass. We are modeling how RLOOM may leave what kind of planet parameter statistics. This modeling seeks to predict what observable signs of RLOOM there may be. Overflow of planetary mass may leave behind characteristic hot dust and gas as well as produce luminous signatures.
Detectability of Earth mass planets with RV techniques around Sun-like stars. The example of the Sun
Authors: Lagrange Anne-Marie , Meunier Nadege , Desort Morgan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present the results of detailed simulations of the RV and astrometric signals expected from the Sun, when taking into account its activity (spots, plages, convection). To do so, we considered all structures (2,000,000) identified on the Sun surface over a full cycle. We show that the Sun activity would prevent the detection of the Earth in the Habitable Zone with RV technics with today or future forthcoming instruments, mainly because of inhomogeneous convection. We also show that the activity-induced signal would be comparatively easier for the astrometric detection of the Earth of similar planets.
Imaging faint companions very close to stars
Authors: Serabyn Eugene , Mawet Dimitri , Burruss Rick 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA vortex coronagraph on our extreme adaptive optics “well-corrected subaperture” on the Hale telescope has recently allowed the imaging of the triple-planet HR8799 system with a 1.5 m subaperture. Moreover, a faint, low-mass companion to a second star was imaged only one diffraction beam width away from the primary. These results illustrate the potential of the vortex coronagraph, which can enable exoplanet imaging and characterization with smaller telescopes than previously thought.
Large-scale motif discovery using DNA Gray code and equiprobable oligomers
Authors: Ichinose Natsuhiro , Yada Tetsushi , Gotoh Osamu 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: How to find motifs from genome-scale functional sequences, such as all the promoters in a genome, is a challenging problem. Word-based methods count the occurrences of oligomers to detect excessively represented ones. This approach is known to be fast and accurate compared with other methods. However, two problems have hampered the application of such methods to large-scale data. One is the computational cost necessary for clustering similar oligomers, and the other is the bias in the frequency of fixed-length oligomers, which complicates the detection of significant words.
Results: We introduce a method that uses a DNA Gray code and equiprobable oligomers, which solve the clustering problem and the oligomer bias, respectively. Our method can analyze 18 000 sequences of ~1 kbp long in 30 s. We also show that the accuracy of our method is superior to that of a leading method, especially for large-scale data and small fractions of motif-containing sequences.
Availability: The online and stand-alone versions of the application, named Hegma, are available at our website: http://www.genome.ist.i.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~ichinose/hegma/
Contact: ichinose@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp; o.gotoh@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp
AURA: Atlas of UTR Regulatory Activity
Authors: Dassi E. , Malossini A. , Re A. , Mazza T. , Tebaldi T. , Caputi L. , Quattrone A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: The Atlas of UTR Regulatory Activity (AURA) is a manually curated and comprehensive catalog of human mRNA untranslated regions (UTRs) and UTR regulatory annotations. Through its intuitive web interface, it provides full access to a wealth of information on UTRs that integrates phylogenetic conservation, RNA sequence and structure data, single nucleotide variation, gene expression and gene functional descriptions from literature and specialized databases.
Availability: http://aura.science.unitn.it
Contact: aura@science.unitn.it; dassi@science.unitn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fast computation of minimum hybridization networks
Authors: Albrecht Benjamin , Scornavacca Celine , Cenci Alberto , Huson Daniel H. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Hybridization events in evolution may lead to incongruent gene trees. One approach to determining possible interspecific hybridization events is to compute a hybridization network that attempts to reconcile incongruent gene trees using a minimum number of hybridization events.
Results: We describe how to compute a representative set of minimum hybridization networks for two given bifurcating input trees, using a parallel algorithm and provide a user-friendly implementation. A simulation study suggests that our program performs significantly better than existing software on biologically relevant data. Finally, we demonstrate the application of such methods in the context of the evolution of the Aegilops/Triticum genera.
Availability and implementation: The algorithm is implemented in the program Dendroscope 3, which is freely available from www.dendroscope.org and runs on all three major operating systems.
Contact: scornava@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de; huson@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Distinctive demand and risk characteristics of residential housing loan market in India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam , Saha Asish 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe primary objective of the paper is to demonstrate the importance of borrower‐specific characteristics as well as local situation factors in determining the demand prospect as well as the risk of credit loss on residential housing loan repayment behavior in India.Design/methodology/approachUsing 13,487 housing loan accounts (sanctioned from 1993‐2007) data from Banks and Housing Finance Cos (HFCs) in India, this paper attempts to find out the crucial factors that drive demand for housing and its correlation with borrower characteristics using a panel regression method. Next, using logistic regression, housing loan defaults and the major causative factors of the same are examined.FindingsIn analyzing the housing demand pattern, some special characteristics of the Indian residential housing market (demographic and social features) and the housing loan facility structure (loan process, loan margin, loan rate, collateral structure etc.), that have contributed to the safety and soundness of the Indian housing market have been deciphered. The empirical results suggest that borrower defaults on housing loan payments is mainly driven by change in the market value of the propertyvis‐à‐visthe loan amount and EMI to income ratio. A 10 percent decrease in the market value of the propertyvis‐à‐visthe loan amount raises the odds of default by 1.55 percent. Similarly, a 10 percent increase in EMI to income ratio raises the delinquency chance by 4.50 percent. However, one cannot ignore borrower characteristics like marital status, employment situation, regional locations, city locations, age profile and house preference which otherwise may inhibit the lender to properly assess credit risk in home loan business, as the results show that these parameters also act as default triggers.Originality/valueThis study contributes on the micro side of the housing market in India, since it uses unique and robust loan information data from banks and HFCs. The empirical results obtained in this paper are useful to regulators, policy makers, market players as well as the researchers to understand housing market demand and risk characteristics in an emerging market economy such as India.
The influence of service quality and trade show effectiveness on post‐show purchase intention
Authors: Gottlieb Udo R. , Brown Mark R. , Drennan Judy 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and test an integrative services framework to investigate the role of perceived trade show effectiveness on overall trade show service outcome, conceptualised as the intention to purchase a related product after, rather than during, a show.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the services marketing and trade show literature, the authors test a model of trade show effectiveness with data collected from 592 attendees at a major automotive trade show in a large metropolitan centre.FindingsResults show that improving trade show visitors' perceived service quality positively affects visitor perceptions of trade show effectiveness. Furthermore, both trade show effectiveness and service quality directly influence future purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsEmploying a services theoretical framework to evaluate trade show visitor experiences provides an alternative to the traditional marketing communications approach. By viewing such visits as service encounters, managers must inevitably consider the effects of service quality and service outcomes in determining the likely success of their shows. The study primarily focuses on one large consumer show and therefore does not constitute a complete, nor necessarily representative, sample of the trade show industry.Originality/valueThe original contribution of the paper stems from the paucity of research conceptualising trade shows as services and the comparative lack of emphasis placed on visitors rather than exhibitors in the literature. The research not only has utility for trade show organisers but also provides necessary theory‐based research in the trade show domain.
The (post‐human) consumer, the (post‐avian) chicken and the (post‐object) Eglu
Authors: Bettany Shona , Kerrane Ben 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential of material‐semiotic ontology to the field of anti‐consumption research.Design/methodology/approachThe paper's approach is multi‐site ethnography, following a consumer object, the Omlet Eglu, to trace a field of study within the practices and processes of urban stock‐keeping.FindingsIt was found that the Omlet Eglu was produced as an ambivalent actor within the practices of urban stock‐keeping, allowing an analysis of multiple aspects of consumption/anti‐consumption and consumer resistance/domination that challenges those dualisms as organizing constructs.Practical implicationsThe paper fdds to knowledge about the complex constructions of the meaning of egg consumption by consumers. This has the potential to inform retailers and farm producers, as well as organizations that provide goods and services to home food producers.Originality/valueThe paper provides a novel ontological approach to anti‐consumption that addresses current concerns in this field over its underpinning categorizations and over‐reliance upon neo‐liberal models of consumer agency.