bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in Wistar rats
Authors: Kale Vijay P. , Joshi Girish S. , Gohil Parikshit B. , Jain Mukul R. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Fasting is an important preanalytical factor that may affect the interpretation of hematology and clinical biochemistry data in toxicology or pharmacology studies. Limited information is available on how the results may be affected by different durations of fasting.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in male and female rats and to determine an optimum fasting time for preclinical studies.Methods: Male and female Wistar rats (10 each per group) were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Changes in body weight and in the results of routine CBC and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated by 1‐way ANOVA.Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by 4 hours of fasting in all rats, and hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased at 16 hours in male rats. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes and cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐C concentrations in female rats were also significantly decreased beginning at 16 hours. The creatinine concentration was increased in females after 16 hours of fasting. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased after 8 hours in males and 16 hours in females.Conclusions: Fasting‐induced changes in clinical pathology results were consistent with hemoconcentration and altered nutrition and metabolic function. Most changes occurred at 16 hours, with minimal subsequent changes. Hence, a 16‐hour fasting duration may be recommended for preclinical studies involving clinical pathology measurements.
A review of eGFR reporting after 6 months in practice
Authors: Kremmyda A , Neithercut W D 
Published: March 2009

Background:Following the introduction of routine calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from all serum creatinine values in samples received from general practice it was noted that there was a preponderance of values consistent with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 or higher.Methods:A review was conducted of all eGFR values from 51 314 individuals received from primary care during October 2006 to April 2007.Results:It was found that more than 25% of eGFR results indicated CKD stage 3 or higher. The median age in this group was 64 years (range 18–104 years) while that of the local general population according to the 2001 census was 40 years (range 18–104 years); these ages were statistically significantly different (p<0.001). There was no difference between the groups with regard to gender. The eGFR data were therefore corrected for age distribution, and an estimated prevalence of 5.6% of eGFR consistent with CKD stage 3 was found. This was a higher proportion than estimates of CKD suggested before the introduction of eGFR.Conclusions:The higher proportion of CKD stage 3 may be due to difference in age and gender in populations studied, as there is a marked effect of age on calculated eGFR values found.
Evidence-based guidelines for treating bipolar disorder: revised second edition—recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Authors: Goodwin GM ,   Consensus Group of the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Published: March 2009

Abstract The British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines specify the scope and target of treatment for bipolar disorder. The second version, like the first, is based explicitly on the available evidence and presented, like previous Clinical Practice guidelines, as recommendations to aid clinical decision making for practitioners: they may also serve as a source of information for patients and carers. The recommendations are presented together with a more detailed but selective qualitative review of the available evidence. A consensus meeting, involving experts in bipolar disorder and its treatment, reviewed key areas and considered the strength of evidence and clinical implications. The guidelines were drawn up after extensive feedback from participants and interested parties. The strength of supporting evidence was rated. The guidelines cover the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, clinical management, and strategies for the use of medicines in treatment of episodes, relapse prevention and stopping treatment.
No Influence of Age, Gender, Weight, Height, and Impact Profile in Achilles Tendinopathy in Masters Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Rittweger Joern , Garau Giorgio , Radonic Biljana , Gutwasser Constanze , Gilliver Sally F. , Kusy Krzysztof , Zieliński Jacek , Felsenberg Dieter , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: March 2009

Background Achilles tendinopathy is commonly reported by athletes involved in activities that include running and jumping. Despite the prevalence of the problem, causative factors in Achilles tendinopathy remain poorly understood. Hypothesis In Masters track and field athletes, there is no influence of age, gender, weight, height, and impact profile in developing Achilles tendinopathy. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods During the European Veterans Athletics Championships in Poznań, Poland, in July 2006, 178 athletes (110 men and 68 women; mean age, 54.1 years; range, 35-94 years) were evaluated with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment—Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire. A fully trained orthopaedic surgeon made a diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy according to clinical criteria. Results There was no effect of gender on the presence of Achilles tendinopathy (P = .14). No significant track and field specialty effect upon the frequency of Achilles tendinopathy was found on the VISA-A questionnaire scores (P = .32). Equally, there was no effect of track and field specialty on the VISA-A score (P = .31). No correlation was found between age and VISA-A score (P = .36). There was no statistically significant difference in either prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy or VISA-A score between high-impact and low-impact athletes (P = .19 and P = .31, respectively). Conclusion In competing Masters track and field athletes, we did not find any influence of age, gender, weight, height, or impact profile on the development of Achilles tendinopathy. Additional research is required to improve our understanding of the causative factors in Achilles tendinopathy.
Tunnel Widening after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Neddermann Alexandra , Willbold Elmar , Witte Frank , Hurschler Christof , Hankemeier Stefan , Stübig Timo , Hesse Eric , Fehr Michael , Krettek Christian , Meller Rupert 
Published: March 2009

Background A common clinical concern after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the expansion of the bone tunnels as seen radiographically. The etiology and clinical relevance of this phenomenon remain unclear. Hypothesis Tunnel widening results in an increased anteroposterior translation, and there are specific histologic changes due to osteoclastic bone resorption associated with this phenomenon. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirty sheep (age, 4 months) underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a soft tissue graft. Graft fixation was achieved using the EndoButton and Suture Washer. Six animals each were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. Each anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed knee was examined by computed tomography. Anteroposterior translation was determined using a universal force-moment sensor robot. The bone surrounding the tunnel was evaluated histologically. Results The prevalence of tunnel enlargement on the femoral side was 77.3%. Animals with tunnel widening did not demonstrate increased anteroposterior translation. Widening of the femoral tunnel was significantly associated with a higher stiffness of the graft (P <. 05) and hypertrophy of the graft throughout the remodeling process. The histologic evaluation of the bone tunnel walls demonstrated an increase of bone volume in animals with tunnel enlargement. No statistically significant correlation could be found between the number of osteoclasts and the presence of tunnel widening. Conclusion In this large animal model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, animals with significant tunnel widening did not suffer increased anteroposterior translation. Tunnel widening was associated with a high stiffness of the graft, graft hypertrophy, and an increase in bone volume of the tunnel wall. Clinical Relevance The present data correspond to the current opinion in humans that tunnel widening is not associated with knee instability. Further research is needed to understand the role of graft stiffness, graft hypertrophy, and the increase in bone volume in this phenomenon.
A new genomic resource dedicated to wood formation in Eucalyptus
Authors: Rengel David , Clemente Hélène San , Servant Florence , Ladouce Nathalie , Paux Etienne , Wincker Patrick , Couloux Arnaud , Sivadon Pierre , Grima-Pettenati Jacqueline 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Renowned for their fast growth, valuable wood properties and wide adaptability, Eucalyptus species are amongst the most planted hardwoods in the world, yet they are still at the early stages of domestication because conventional breeding is slow and costly. Thus, there is huge potential for marker-assisted breeding programs to improve traits such as wood properties. To this end, the sequencing, analysis and annotation of a large collection of expressed sequences tags (ESTs) from genes involved in wood formation in Eucalyptus would provide a valuable resource.

Results
We report here the normalization and sequencing of a cDNA library from developing Eucalyptus secondary xylem, as well as the construction and sequencing of two subtractive libraries (juvenile versus mature wood and vice versa). A total of 9,222 high quality sequences were collected from about 10,000 cDNA clones. The EST assembly generated a set of 3,857 wood-related unigenes including 2,461 contigs (Cg) and 1,396 singletons (Sg) that we named 'EUCAWOOD'. About 65% of the EUCAWOOD sequences produced matches with poplar, grapevine, Arabidopsis and rice protein sequence databases. BlastX searches of the Uniref100 protein database allowed us to allocate gene ontology (GO) and protein family terms to the EUCAWOOD unigenes. This annotation of the EUCAWOOD set revealed key functional categories involved in xylogenesis. For instance, 422 sequences matched various gene families involved in biosynthesis and assembly of primary and secondary cell walls. Interestingly, 141 sequences were annotated as transcription factors, some of them being orthologs of regulators known to be involved in xylogenesis. The EUCAWOOD dataset was also mined for genomic simple sequence repeat markers, yielding a total of 639 putative microsatellites. Finally, a publicly accessible database was created, supporting multiple queries on the EUCAWOOD dataset.

Conclusion
In this work, we have identified a large set of wood-related Eucalyptus unigenes called EUCAWOOD, thus creating a valuable resource for functional genomics studies of wood formation and molecular breeding in this economically important genus. This set of publicly available annotated sequences will be instrumental for candidate gene approaches, custom array development and marker-assisted selection programs aimed at improving and modulating wood properties.
Phylogenetic analysis, subcellular localization, and expression patterns of RPD3/HDA1 family histone deacetylases in plants
Authors: Alinsug Malona V , Yu Chun-Wei , Wu Keqiang 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Although histone deacetylases from model organisms have been previously identified, there is no clear basis for the classification of histone deacetylases under the RPD3/HDA1 superfamily, particularly on plants. Thus, this study aims to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree to determine evolutionary relationships between RPD3/HDA1 histone deacetylases from six different plants representing dicots with Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, and Pinus taeda, monocots with Oryza sativa and Zea mays, and the lower plants with Physcomitrella patens.

Results
Sixty two histone deacetylases of RPD3/HDA1 family from the six plant species were phylogenetically analyzed to determine corresponding orthologues. Three clusters were formed separating Class I, Class II, and Class IV. We have confirmed lower and higher plant orthologues for AtHDA8 and AtHDA14, classifying both genes as Class II histone deacetylases in addition to AtHDA5, AtHDA15, and AtHDA18. Since Class II histone deacetylases in other eukaryotes have been known to undergo nucleocytoplasmic transport, it remains unknown whether such functional regulation also happens in plants. Thus, bioinformatics studies using different programs and databases were conducted to predict their corresponding localization sites, nuclear export signal, nuclear localization signal, as well as expression patterns. We also found new conserved domains in most of the RPD3/HDA1 histone deacetylases which were similarly conserved in its corresponding orthologues. Assessing gene expression patterns using Genevestigator, it appears that RPD3/HDA1 histone deacetylases are expressed all throughout the plant parts and developmental stages of the plant.

Conclusion
The RPD3/HDA1 histone deacetylase family in plants is divided into three distinct groups namely, Class I, Class II, and Class IV suggesting functional diversification. Class II comprises not only AtHDA5, AtHDA15, and AtHDA18 but also includes AtHDA8 and AtHDA14. New conserved domains have also been identified in most of the RPD3/HDA1 family indicating further versatile roles other than histone deacetylation.
Palladium(II)-catalyzed Selective Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes to α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Kon Yoshihiro , Imao Daisuke , Nakashima Takuya , Sato Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed chemoselective oxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with hydrogen peroxide to give α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids was performed. Cinnamaldehyde was effectively catalyzed by palladium(II) trifluoroacetate to generate cinnamic acid in 92% yield under organic solvent-free conditions. The reaction appears to be applicable to various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
Determination of Genetic Predisposition to Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants
Authors: Dagle John M. , Lepp Nathan T. , Cooper Margaret E. , Schaa Kendra L. , Kelsey Keegan J.P. , Orr Kristin L. , Caprau Diana , Zimmerman Cara R. , Steffen Katherine M. , Johnson Karen J. , Marazita Mary L. , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. Patent ductus arteriosus is a common morbidity associated with preterm birth. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus increases with decreasing gestational age to ∼70% in infants born at 25 weeks' gestation. Our major goal was to determine if genetic risk factors play a role in patent ductus arteriosus seen in preterm infants.
METHODOLOGY. We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that regulate smooth muscle contraction, xenobiotic detoxification, inflammation, and other processes are markers for persistent patency of ductus arteriosus. Initially, 377 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 130 genes of interest were evaluated in DNA samples collected from 204 infants with a gestational age of &lt;32 weeks. A family-based association test was performed on genotyping data to evaluate overtransmission of alleles.
RESULTS. P values of &lt;.01 were detected for genetic variations found in 7 genes. This prompted additional analysis with an additional set of 162 infants, focusing on the 7 markers with initial P values of &lt;.01, and 1 genetic variant in the angiotensin II type I receptor previously shown to be related to patent ductus arteriosus. Of the initial positive signals, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the transcription factor AP-2 β and tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 1 genes remained significant. Additional haplotype analysis revealed genetic variations in prostacyclin synthase to be associated with patent ductus arteriosus. An angiotensin II type I receptor polymorphism previously reported to be associated with patent ductus arteriosus after prophylactic indomethacin administration was not associated with the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus in our population.
CONCLUSIONS. Overall, our data support a role for genetic variations in transcription factor AP-2 β, tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 1, and prostacyclin synthase in the persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus seen in preterm infants.
Adenotonsillectomy and the Development of Overweight
Authors: Wijga Alet H. , Scholtens Salome , Wieringa Marjan H. , Kerkhof Marjan , Gerritsen Jorrit , Brunekreef Bert , Smit Henriette A. 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. Studies among patients have shown accelerated weight gain after (adeno)tonsillectomy.* Whether (adeno)tonsillectomy is also a risk factor for the development of overweight is unknown. We investigated the association between (adeno)tonsillectomy and the subsequent development of overweight in the general population.
METHODS. The study population consisted of 3963 children participating in the Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort. Data on weight and height, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy, and covariates (gender, birth weight, maternal education, maternal overweight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and smoking in the home) were obtained from annual questionnaires completed by the parents. In addition to the questionnaire data, weight and height were measured by the investigators when the children were 8 years old.
RESULTS. (Adeno)tonsillectomy between 0 and 7 years of age was significantly associated with overweight and obesity at age 8. Overweight at the age of 2 years was not associated with increased risk of (adeno)tonsillectomy in later years, indicating that the association between (adeno)tonsillectomy and overweight was not explained by preexisting overweight. Longitudinal data on weight and height in the years before and after surgery suggest that (adeno)tonsillectomy forms a turning point between a period of growth faltering and a period of catch-up growth, which might explain the increased risk to develop overweight after the operation.
CONCLUSION. Children who undergo (adeno)tonsillectomy are at increased risk to develop overweight in the years after surgery.
A Nationwide Study on the Risk of Autism After Prenatal Stress Exposure to Maternal Bereavement
Authors: Li Jiong , Vestergaard Mogens , Obel Carsten , Christensen Jakob , Precht Dorthe Hansen , Lu Michael , Olsen Jørn 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. Prenatal stress has been linked to several adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, which may share a common pathophysiology with autism. We aimed to examine whether prenatal stress exposure after maternal bereavement is associated with an increased risk of autism later in life.METHODS. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of all 1492709 singletons in Denmark born from 1978 to 2003. A total of 37275 children were born to women who lost a close relative during pregnancy or up to 1 year before pregnancy. These children were included in the exposed group, and the remaining children were in the unexposed group. All children were followed up from birth until their death, migration, onset of autism, or the end of 2006. Information on autism was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios in the exposed group compared with those in the unexposed group.RESULTS. Maternal bereavement during the prenatal period was not associated with an increased risk of autism in the offspring. The hazard ratios did not differ by the nature of the exposure (maternal relationship to the deceased or cause of death). The hazard ratios were comparable between the 5 prenatal exposure periods under study (7–12 months before pregnancy, 0–6 months before pregnancy, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester).CONSLUSIONS. This is the first population-based cohort study to examine the effect of prenatal stress on autism in childhood. Our data do not support any strong association between prenatal stress after maternal bereavement and the risk of autism.
Family-centered Multidisciplinary Rounds Enhance the Team Approach in Pediatrics
Authors: Rosen Paul , Stenger Elizabeth , Bochkoris Matthew , Hannon Michael J. , Kwoh C. Kent 
Published: March 2009

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of family-centered multidisciplinary rounds on an inpatient pediatric ward. We hoped to (1) gain a better understanding of the patient and family experience with family-centered multidisciplinary rounds, (2) measure hospital staff satisfaction with family-centered multidisciplinary rounds compared with conventional rounds, and (3) understand the time commitment for family-centered multidisciplinary rounds and conventional rounds.
METHODS. A quasi-experimental design was undertaken during a 2-week period. During the first week, the hospital staff conducted conventional rounds. Families were surveyed daily, and the staff were surveyed at the end of the week regarding their experiences. During the second week, newly admitted patients received family-centered multidisciplinary rounds at the bedside. Again, both families and staff were surveyed. Observers recorded the interactions between families and staff and measured the time required to conduct rounds.
RESULTS. A total of 27 patients were admitted during the 2-week study period. No significant differences were found in family satisfaction between conventional rounds and family-centered multidisciplinary rounds. A total of 53 surveys were collected from staff members. The staff reported better understanding of the patients' medical plans, better ability to help the families, and a greater sense of teamwork with family-centered multidisciplinary rounds compared with conventional rounds. It required an additional 2.7 minutes per patient during rounds for family-centered multidisciplinary rounds. With family-centered multidisciplinary rounds, the family affected the medical decision-making discussion in 90% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS. Family-centered multidisciplinary rounds is a method of conducting inpatient hospital rounds that fosters teamwork and empowers hospital staff. The patient and family are engaged in and are the focal point of the rounds. Staff members are able to hear everyone's perspective and give input. The impact on staff satisfaction and the family's ability to participate in their care is significant.