bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithospheric bulge in the West Taiwan Basin
Authors: Tensi J. , Mouthereau F. , Lacombe O. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTWe use well data to investigate the timing and the origin of the lithospheric bulge in the West Taiwan Basin. The possibility that the subsidence patterns observed since Middle‐Upper Miocene are simply related to the flexural response of the Chinese continental margin to loading is examined by the reconstructions of the West Taiwan Basin evolution using two‐dimensional geometric and numerical flexural modelling of a purely elastic plate. Reconstructions of the forebulge and basin evolution since Middle Miocene are finally discussed in terms of plate strength and geological context. The results are finally placed in the framework of the geodynamic setting of the Philippines Sea Plate/Eurasia convergence in order to provide new insights on the early stage of the Taiwan arc‐continent collision. Modelling suggests that the initiation of the flexure in the West Taiwan Basin occurred at ca. 12.5–8.6 Ma. A good fit is obtained for Te of 10–20 km, consistent with earlier studies. During 5–6 m year−1 the growth of the bulge was static and associated with increasing plate curvature. Then, at 3–4 Ma the bulge migrated forelandward within the West Taiwan Basin in relation to the migration of the load and the increase in plate curvature. The passage of the forebulge into an inherited weaker portion of the Chinese margin produced an increase in plate curvature and renewed extension, leading to enhancement of the bulge uplift and to its localization for a prolonged period of time. Taking into account the age of the flexure initiation and plate convergence rates, we infer that the load might not be related to the arc‐continent collision. We conclude that a Middle Miocene obduction, already proposed by some authors, may explain the deflection of the Chinese margin at that time. It is not before 3–4 Ma that the bulge and the load propagated forelandward in association with the development of the Taiwan arc‐continent collision.
Three‐dimensional‐seismic coherency signature of Niger Delta growth faults: integrating sedimentology and tectonics
Authors: Back S. , Höcker C. , Brundiers M. B. , Kukla P. A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis case study of growth faults and associated deltaic sedimentation in the shallow‐offshore Niger Delta uses an integrated analysis of three‐dimensional (3D)‐seismic coherence facies and wireline data that supports an evaluation of the sedimentary response to delta tectonics. The study area comprises four fault blocks bounded by a set of kilometre‐scale, basinward‐dipping, synsedimentary normal faults. Correlation of highly variable growth stratigraphy across faults was achieved by a systematic visualization and interpretation of series of coherence horizon‐slices: the detection and matching of erosive and depositional patterns (e.g. channels) across faults allowed the establishment of sedimentology‐controlled links between diverse footwall and hanging‐wall growth successions. At the same time, this interpretation approach helped to visualize seismic‐sedimentological and seismic‐geomorphological features survey‐wide at all depth levels. The integration of this extensive 3D database with lithology information from wireline logs provides a powerful tool for subsurface sedimentology interpretation.Synoptic analysis of the 3D‐seismic sedimentology interpretation with stratigraphy based fault‐kinematic analysis using throw vs. depth plots (Th–Z plots) enabled a discussion of the relation between delta tectonics and sedimentary‐system development, and the evaluation of the Th–Z method for subsurface‐lithology prediction. The interpretation results document that both motion analysis of synsedimentary deltaic faults and Th–Z‐based lithology prediction are only feasible when supported by detailed 3D information on palaeoenvironment and palaeotopography at and around studied fault systems. We therefore recommend the use of fast‐track fault‐kinematic and subsurface‐lithology predictions based on Th–Z plots only when supported by comprehensive 3D seismic‐sedimentological interpretations.
Morphometric and Kinetic Studies On the Changes Induced In the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats By Intraperitoneal Administration of Quinacrine
Authors: Senior P. V. , Sunter J. P. , Appleton D. R. , Watson A. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe intraperitoneal administration of large doses of quinacrine in rats results in a state of enteromegaly affecting mainly the distal small bowel, caecum and proximal colon. This enteromegaly is associated with mucosal crypt hyperplasia, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the Muscularis propria. In order to investigate the changes in the intestinal mucosal crypts, morphometry and a metaphase‐arrest experiment with vincristine were undertaken on a group of rats given 12 mg of quinacrine hydrochloride by intraperitoneal injection daily for 5 days 2 weeks previously, and comparisons drawn with a group of control animals.In the quinacrine‐treated animals there was marked enteromegaly affecting the distal small bowel, caecum and proximal colon, and in these segments there was clear crypt hyperplasia. Proximal and distal to the dilated bowel hyperplasia was not seen. No consistent pattern of change in crypt‐cell birth rate was evident. the mechanisms by which quinacrine may effect kinetic and morphometric changes in the intestinal crypts are considered.
Circadian‐Stage Dependence of Methotrexate In A Keratinized Epithelium. an in‐vivo Study Using Flow Cytometry On the Hamster Cheek Pouch Epithelium
Authors: Møller Ulla , Larsen Jørgen Knud , Keiding Niels , Christensen Ib Jarle 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe partially synchronized cell system of the hamster cheek pouch epithelium shows a characteristic diurnal rhythm of cell proliferation. Bolus injections of methotrexate (Mtx) in both lethal (10 g/m2) and non‐lethal (2 g/m2) doses were found to inhibit cell‐cycle progression primarily by impairing the G1/S transition. the results were obtained by flow cytometric DNA analysis. the inhibitory effect of Mtx manifested itself as a relative decrease of the S fraction (drug‐effector phase), and was found to be dependent both on the dose and on the time of the day it was given. A bolus injection of Mtx was given either at 1200 hr (when a minimal number of cells are in S phase) or at 0200 hr (when a maximum number of cells are in S phase). the greatest cumulative decrease in S fraction was seen when the injection was given at 1200 hr. the time between injection and the effect (seen as a decrease in S fraction) was independent of the time of the Mtx injection, but seemed instead to be related to the natural diurnal period of increasing flux from G1 to S phase (at the onset of the dark period). the main effect (the relative decrease in S fraction) was repeated during the following 24‐hr period, pointing to a protracted effect of Mtx on G1 cells. G1 cells affected by the initial high Mtx plasma concentration seem to be responsible for the reduced influx into S phase in both the first and second 24‐hr period. In earlier toxicological studies, the survival rate of hamsters was dependent on the time of injection and was highest after injection at 1200 hr. Thus maximum cytokinetic effect on epithelial cells was found at the time of the day when there was a minimum lethal effect on the animal.
Effect of Methotrexate On Cells In A Keratinized Epithelium With an Active Thymidine Salvage Pathway Assessed By Autoradiography*
Authors: Møller Ulla , Keiding Niels , Larsen Jörgen Knud 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the partially synchronized cell system of the hamster cheek pouch epithelium, the inhibitory effect of a bolus injection of methotrexate (Mtx) (2 g/m2, injected at 1200 hr) was analysed by means of both autoradiography and flow cytometry (FCM) in a 21‐hr experiment. For autoradiography [3H]TdR and [3H]UdR were used as tracers for salvage andde nouopathways of thymidylate (TMP) synthesis, respectively. For FCM no tracers were injected. the autoradiographic studies demonstrated an active TdR salvage pathway for DNA synthesis, not affected by the impairedde novoTMP synthesis. the blockedde novoTMP synthesis was partially released 7 hr after Mtx injection, but it had not totally recovered at the end of the experiment. the decrease in the fraction of S‐phase cells detected about 10 hr after Mtx injection by autoradiographic labelling with [3H]TdR and by FCM was found to be caused by a decrease in the number of cells entering S phase. However, Mtx did not influence the salvage TMP synthesis rate of cells entering S phase.)
Liver Cell Hyperplasia: On the Suitability of Using the Metaphase‐ Arrest Technique
Authors: Alabi J. A. , Alison M. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study has explored the possibility of applying the metaphase‐arrest method with colchicine to two models of induced liver growth in the rat, regenerative growth and phenobarbital‐induced growth. At a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW), colchicine caused a linear accumulation of mitoses for up to 90 min when administered at 3 days after the start of phenobarbital treatment; however these mitoses included a number of anaphases and telophases. No anaphase escape was seen when this dose of colchicine was given at various times after partial hepatectomy, though the arrested mitoses were invariably more fragmented and some may have even degenerated beyond recognition as early as 90 min after injection. It is concluded that the optimal dose of stathmokinetic agent is heavily dependent on the relative liver weight, and thus would change continuously during compensatory hyperplasia.
Aspects of Statistics In Studies of Cell Proliferation
Authors: Appleton David R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn cell kinetic experiments, as in many other branches of biological science, we often sample at various stages of an experiment: we may for example take a sample of animals, then from each study a sample of sites, and from each site take replicate observations. This sampling process can be optimized to give maximum precision to an estimated quantity, but care must be taken in analysing data so gathered because the analysis depends on the precise sampling strategy.
Human CD34+ stem cells produce bone nodules in vivo
Authors: Graziano A. , D’Aquino R. , Laino G. , Proto A. , Giuliano M. T. , Pirozzi G. , De Rosa A. , Di Napoli D. , Papaccio G. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.  Objectives: The aim of this study was to select and provide enough stem cells for quick transplantation in bone engineering procedures, avoiding any in vitro expansion step. Materials and Methods: Dental germ pulp, collected from 25 healthy subjects aged 13–20 years, were subjected to magnetic‐activated cell sorting to select a CD34+ stem cell population capable of differentiating into pre‐osteoblasts. These cells were allowed to adhere to an absorbable polylactic–coglycolic acid scaffold for 30 min, without any prior expansion, and the CD34+ cell‐colonized scaffolds were then transplanted into immunocompromised rats, subcutaneously. Results: After 60 days, analysis of recovered transplants revealed that they were formed of nodules of bone, of the same dimensions as the original scaffold. Bone‐specific proteins were detected by immunofluorescence, within the nodules, and X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed characteristic features of bone. In addition, presence of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and von Willebrand factor immunoreactivity were suggestive of neo‐angiogenesis and neovasculogenesis taking place within nodules. Importantly, these vessels were HLA‐1+ and, thus, clearly human in origin. Conclusions: This study indicates that CD34+ cells obtained from dental pulp can be used for engineering bone, without the need for prior culture expanding procedures. Using autologous stem cells, this schedule could be used to provide the basis for bone regenerative surgery, with limited sacrifice of tissue, low morbidity at the collection site, and significant reduction in time needed for clinical recovery.
Involvement of PKC‐ι in glioma proliferation
Authors: Patel R. , Win H. , Desai S. , Patel K. , Matthews J. A. , Acevedo‐Duncan M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.  Atypical protein kinase C‐iota (PKC‐ι) protects cells against apoptosis and may play a role in cell proliferation. However, in vivo, the status and function of PKC‐ι in human normal brain tissue, gliomas, benign and malignant meningiomas as well as its in vitro status in proliferating and confluent glioma cells, remains unknown. Objectives: The objectives of our research were to determine whether expression of PKC‐ι is altered either in gliomas or in benign and malignant meningiomas, compared to normal brain. In addition, we wished to establish the expression of PKC‐ι in proliferating plus in cell cycle‐arrested glioma cell lines, as well as the relationship between PKC‐ι siRNA on PKC‐ι protein content and cell proliferation. Materials and Methods: Western blot analyses for PKC‐ι were performed on 12 normal brain biopsies, 15 benign meningiomas, three malignant meningiomas and three gliomas. Results: Results demonstrated no (n = 9) or very weak (n = 3) detection of PKC‐ι in normal brain tissue. In comparison, PKC‐ι was robustly present in the majority of the benign meningiomas. Similarly, PKC‐ι was abundant in all malignant meningiomas and gliomas. Western blotting for PKC‐ι in confluent or proliferating glioma cell lines depicted substantial quantities of PKC‐ι in proliferating T98G and U‐138MG glioma cells. In contrast, confluent cells had either 71% (T98G) or 21% (U‐138MG) less PKC‐ι than proliferating cells. T98 and U‐138 MG glioma cells treated with 100 nm PKC‐ι siRNA had lower levels of cell proliferation compared to control siRNA‐A and complete down‐regulation of PKC‐ι protein content. Conclusion: These results support the concept that presence of PKC‐ι may be required for cell proliferation to take place.
Potential for access to embryonic‐like cells from human umbilical cord blood
Authors: McGuckin C. P. , Forraz N. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.  All too often media attention clouds the reality that there are many types of stem cell. The embryos, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood (UCB) are the three most used sources. However, despite what it would appear, embryonic stem cells have not been the first to yield life‐saving cures at present. Faster routes to clinical intervention have been using adult stem cells that can be sourced from bone marrow and from cord blood, and that are readily accessible and are more ethically acceptable to the general public. Both these non‐embryonic sources have been able to provide sufficient numbers of cells to allow development of clinical translational protocols. Bone marrow‐derived cells have been used successfully in myocardial infarct therapy where relining by endothelial tissue has allowed limited reperfusion to damaged cardiac tissue. UCB have also demonstrated significant success for around 20 years in haematotransplantation. With a global human population in excess of 6 billion, births thus UCB, remain the largest untouched source of stem cells available every year. UCB also provide a distinct advantage over other adult stem cells due to the length of the telomere and also due protected immunological status of the developing neonatal environment. The total mutation load in the UCB populations is clearly likely to be significant less than in adult tissues.
Preventing emotional and behavioural problems: the effectiveness of parenting programmes with children less than 3 years of age
Authors: Barlow J. , Parsons J. , Stewart‐Brown S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Emotional and behavioural problems in children under 3 years of age have a high prevalence, and parenting practices have been shown to be strongly associated with their development. A number of recent systematic reviews have shown that group‐based parenting programmes can be effective in improving the emotional and behavioural adjustment of older children (aged 3–10 years). The aim of this review was to establish whether there is evidence from controlled trials that group‐based parenting programmes are effective in improing the emotional and behavioural adjustment of children less than 3 years of age, and their role in the primary prevention of emotional and behavioural problems.Methods  English and non‐English language articles published between January 1970 and July 2001 were retrieved using a keyword search of a number of electronic databases.Results  Five studies were included and two meta‐analyses were conducted, the first combining data from parent reports and the second combining data from independent observations of children's behaviour. The combined parent reports showed a non‐significant difference favouring the intervention group, while the combined independent observations showed a significant difference favouring the intervention group.Conclusion  It is concluded that this review points to the potential of parenting programmes to improve the emotional and behavioural adjustment of children less than 3 years of age, but that there is insufficient evidence from controlled trials to assess whether the short‐term benefit is maintained over time, or the role that such programmes might play in the primary prevention of emotional and behavioural problems. This review points to the need for further primary preventive research on this important public health issue.
Development of a questionnaire to collect public health data for school entrants in London: Child Health Assessment at School Entry (CHASE) project
Authors: Edmunds S. , Haines L. , Blair M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  To develop a multiprofessional consensus about the relative contributions of the components of children's health and well‐being and to develop a questionnaire that can be used to assess these in London's children.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews with health, education and social services professionals were used to identify areas to include in the questionnaire. These ideas were used as the basis for a wider Delphi consultation, with 79 experts in the area of child health. Round 1 of the Delphi asked panellists to rate 54 items as to whether they should be included in the questionnaire or not. Responses were divided into four categories: item to be included measurement method agreed, item to be included measurement method not agreed, no consensus, or excluded. In round 2, consensus was sought for the categories where there was none following round 1.Results  Themes identified by the interviews were: economic factors, ethnicity, environment, nutrition, hygiene and physical activity, growth, suffers from chronic/serious illness, development, disability and learning, accidents and hospital attendances, self‐regulation, psychological well‐being, significant life events. After Delphi round 1, items included, where quality measurement method was agreed, were: deprivation index (from postcode), child's ethnicity, temporary accommodation, care status, registered with general practitioner, dental visits, height, weight, special educational needs status, baseline educational assessment result, immunization status, visual and hearing function. Following round 2, items relating to chronic illness, mental health, physical functioning, general health, self‐esteem, family cohesion and accident status were agreed for inclusion with a measurement method also agreed. The questionnaire was acceptable to parents.Conclusion  The validity, reliability and feasibility of this questionnaire must now be examined. This data set, if collected across London, would substantially increase the public health data available and allow trends in health to be monitored.
Socially unbiased parenting support on the Internet: a cross‐sectional study of users of a large Swedish parenting website
Authors: Sarkadi A. , Bremberg S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  The Internet is becoming increasingly recognized as a source of social support. Parents of children with cancer and autism have been shown to find social support online, and many parents of healthy infants and children seek information about parenting online. However, access and use of the Internet is greater among socio‐economically advantaged groups, a phenomenon known as the ‘digital divide’. Our aim was to investigate whether users of a Swedish general parenting website perceived support in the parenting role and, if so, whether this support was socially biased because of the digital divide phenomenon.Methods  Users of the largest Swedish parenting website were asked to participate in the study. A total of 2221 users completed the anonymous survey posted on the website during a one‐week period.Results  Most respondents (95%) were female (mean age 30.6 years). Respondents’ educational level was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that in the general population, whereas 68% had income levels at or under the national average, contradicting the intuitive hypothesis that users would be socio‐economically privileged. Perceived social support, measured by the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) appraisal subscale, indicated high perceived support. Living without a partner and having lower levels of income and education increased perceived support. The perception that other parents’ opinions are more valuable than the advice of experts was influential in the regression equation for ISEL scores, indicating that peer help is important in online social support.Conclusions  Internet use for general parenting issues in Sweden, mainly by women, does not seem to follow the digital divide phenomenon. Therefore, the internet provides an exciting opportunity for future infant and child public health work. The lack of fathers, however, was a surprising finding and introduces a gender bias into this seemingly socially unbiased medium.
Cancers and immune related diseases associated with Down's syndrome: a record linkage study
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: September 2010

Objective  To determine the risk of cancers and selected immune‐related diseases in people with Down's syndrome, relative to risk in other people.Design  Cohort analysis of a linked dataset of abstracts of hospital and death records; results expressed as the ratios of rates of disease in people with and without Down's syndrome.Setting  The former Oxford health region, England, 1963–1999.Subjects  Cohort of 1453 people with Down's syndrome and cohort of 460 000 people with other conditions for comparison.Main outcomes  As expected, the rate ratio for leukaemia was substantially elevated in people with Down's syndrome: it was 19‐fold higher (95% confidence intervals 10.4–31.5) than the rate in the comparison cohort. For other cancers combined, excluding leukaemia, the rate ratio was not significantly elevated (1.2; 0.6–2.2). The risk of testicular cancer was increased (12.0; 2.5–35.6), although this was based on only three cases in the cohort of subjects with Down's syndrome. Significantly, elevated risks were found for coeliac disease (4.7; 1.3–12.2), acquired hypothyroidism (9.4; 3.4, 20.5), other thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (2.8; 1.0–6.1). A decreased risk was found for asthma (0.4; 0.2–0.6).Conclusions  Our data add to the body of information on the risks of co‐morbidity in people with Down's syndrome. The finding on asthma needs to be confirmed or refuted by other studies.