bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying effects of local and nonlocal factors of soil water storage using cyclical correlation analysis
Authors: Biswas Asim , Si Bing Cheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere are various factors governing the spatial and temporal variability of soil water storage including soil properties, topography and vegetation. Some factors act locally, whereas others act nonlocally, which means that a factor measured at one location has effect on soil water storage at another location. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of local and nonlocal controls of soil water storage in a hummocky landscape using cyclical correlation analysis. Soil water storage, soil properties and terrain indices were measured along a 128‐point transect of 576 m long from the semiarid, hummocky, prairie pothole region of North America. There are large coefficients of determination (r2) between soil water storage and sand content (r2 = 0.32–0.53), organic carbon content (r2 = 0.22–0.56), depth to carbonate layer (r2 = 0.13–0.63), wetness index (r2 = 0.25–0.45) and other variables at the measurement scale at different times, indicating strong local effects from these variables. The correlation coefficients were also calculated by physically shifting the spatial series of soil water storage with respect to that of controlling factors. The shifting improves the correlation between the spatial series, and the length of shifting indicated the difference in the response of soil water to its controlling factors. For example, the value of r2 increased more than eightfold (r2 = 0.47–0.64) after shifting the spatial series of soil water storage by 54 m, almost equal to the average length of existing slope, compared with the very weak correlation (r2 = 0.02–0.08) at the measurement scale. This indicated the nonlocal effect from the relative elevation. The identification of nonlocal effects from factors improves the prediction of soil water storage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of winter warming on the timing of nutrient export from forested catchments
Authors: Casson N. J. , Eimers M. C. , Watmough S. A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWinter climatic conditions can influence the timing and magnitude of water and nitrate (NO3–N) export from seasonally snow‐covered catchments. Specifically, mid‐winter rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events are a major source of NO3–N export to forested streams, but the impact of these events on other nutrients is not known. Climate projections for Ontario suggest that climate warming will be most pronounced during the winter months, which could result in more mid‐winter rain events and consequent changes in nutrient delivery to streams. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of winter climate variability on the timing of NO3–N export relative to water and other nutrients at six headwater catchments in south‐central Ontario that have long‐term water quality and hydrology records (1980–2002). The catchments represent a wide range of physiographic characteristics and stream chemistry, yet the timing of nitrate export from all catchments was coherent. In warmer winters with more ROS events, the bulk of NO3–N export relative to the export of water shifted earlier in the year from spring (i.e. the main period of snow melt) to winter. ROS events did not cause similar temporal shifts in the export of other nutrients, including dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus and calcium. Instead, their export was synchronous with the bulk of water export. Future shifts to earlier export of NO3–N relative to water and other nutrients may impact aquatic productivity and cause more frequent episodic acidification of surface waters. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional genetic variants of c‐Jun and their interaction with smoking and drinking increase the susceptibility to lung cancer in southern and eastern Chinese
Authors: Huang Binfang , Liu Bin , Yang Lei , Li Yinyan , Cheng Mei , Huang Dongsheng , Wang Hui , Zhang Xin , Zheng Jian , Li Qingchu , Ji Weidong , Zhou Yifeng , Lu Jiachun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHuman proto‐oncogene c‐Jun and c‐Fos assemble the activator protein‐1 complex which is a crucial transcription factor responding to environmental factors and promotes tumorgenesis. We hypothesized that genetic variants in these two genes may alter the carriers' susceptibility to lung cancer. In two independent case–control studies, we genotyped three putative functional polymorphisms (−1318T>G and −673T>C of c‐Jun; −60C>T of c‐Fos) in southern Chinese and then validated the association in eastern Chinese. We found that compared to −1318TT genotype, the −1318GT/GG variant genotypes had an increased lung cancer risk (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.26–1.69), and the −673CC genotype had an increased lung cancer risk compared to −673TT/CT genotypes (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.17–1.56) in the total 1,559 cases versus 1,679 controls. After combining these two loci, the number of the risk genotypes was associated with increased cancer risk in a dose‐response manner (ptrend = 2.21 × 10−11); moreover, the risk genotypes interacted with smoking or drinking status on increasing cancer risk (p values of interaction were 0.009 and 0.007, respectively). Further, we found that those with −1318GT/GG genotypes, −673CC genotypes or both genotypes in c‐Jun had higher mRNA and protein expression levels in vivo, and those variants had higher transcription activities in reporter genes in vitro, especially under the stimuli with tobacco extract or alcohol mixture as luciferase assay shown. However, for −60C>T of c‐Fos, no significant association was observed for lung cancer risk. Our data suggested that the genetic variants in c‐Jun (−1318T>G and −673T>C) increase the carriers' susceptibility to lung cancer via interaction with smoking or drinking on increasing the c‐Jun's expression.
LAND. IF YOU DON'T HAVE IT, CREATE IT. THE CASE OF IJBURG, AMSTERDAM
Authors: Steenbergen J. J. M. , Van Bemmelen R. J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTEver since Amsterdam was founded, a key characteristic was the lack of space. Amsterdam is located in‐between water bodies and bogs. If the people of Amsterdam needed habitable land, they had to create it themselves. In 1996 the municipality decided to embark on a new land reclamation project, a group of islands called IJburg. Several major issues had to be overcome. The project site has extremely weak subsoil. In order to create a stable island, the ‘pancake’ method was used. An inventive solution to prevent silt from dispersing using silt curtains is currently being tested for application during the construction of IJburg phase II. IJburg was designed with a system of internal waterways to manage the groundwater levels of the islands. IJburg also has a system of sluices, dykes and embankments in order to protect IJburg from the IJmeer and rising sea levels. Environmental aspects are very important. IJburg is located next to a severely polluted former dumping ground for chemical waste, which had to be rehabilitated. Furthermore, several nature development projects (man‐made mussel beds and dams to create sheltered waters) are being realized. Upon completion, IJburg will offer housing for approximately 45 000 inhabitants and jobs for 12 000 people. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE KOKEMÄENJOKI RIVER BASIN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN––A NATIONAL PILOT FROM FINLAND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE EU FLOODS DIRECTIVE
Authors: Verta Olli‐Matti , Triipponen Juha‐Pekka 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThe Kokemäenjoki River Basin is the fourth largest in Finland. The city of Pori at the delta of the river is the most significant flood risk area in Finland. The preparation of a flood risk management plan (FRMP) for the Kokemäenjoki River Basin as a national pilot began in 2007 and will be finalised during 2011.The main challenges of the FRMP are the reconciliation of flood risks and various interests in different parts of the river basin, and adaptation to climate change. It has been predicted that climate change will alter the flood dynamics of the Kokemäenjoki River: the highest flow peaks will shift from spring to late autumn and winter and the risk of ice jam floods will increase.Development of the existing early warning systems and adaptive lake regulation practices are the two most important non‐structural measures for preventing and mitigating flood damage. A new channel in the mid‐river reach would help to manage the increasing winter flows. Also robust structural flood protection measures will be needed in the city of Pori. Nevertheless, close collaboration among authorities, municipalities and water body regulators will be critical in successful flood risk management in the Kokemäenjoki River Basin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FIELD STUDY AND SUPPORTING ANALYSIS OF AIR CURTAINS AND OTHER MEASURES TO REDUCE SALINITY TRANSPORT THROUGH SHIPPING LOCKS
Authors: Keetels Geert , Uittenbogaard Rob , Cornelisse John , Villars Nicki , Pagee Hans Van 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an overview of a study on salinity intrusion through shiplocks that are located at a saltwater and freshwater interface, and the possible measures that can be taken to reduce this salinity transport. The main focus of the study was to test the effectiveness of several measures against salt intrusion through a shiplock. For this reason a series of field experiments was conducted in the Stevin shiplock in the Afsluitdijk, near Den Oever, the Netherlands, in between the Wadden Sea and the IJsselmeer. The measures tested include an air curtain at both ends of the shiplocks, alone and in combination with a water jet, as well as a rigged sill to reduce the effective depth, and flushing of the lock with fresh water. A new type of air curtain with air injectors was designed and built for this study. Prior to the field experiments, a series of laboratory scale experiments and computer simulations of lock‐exchange flow were conducted to gain insight into the salinity transport process and to support the design of the field study.The study has shown that a significant reduction of salinity intrusion can be attained by using a combination of measures. These findings are relevant for shiplocks located in a saline–freshwater transition zone for which salinity intrusion should be reduced as much as possible. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coincubation of PON1, APO A1, and LCAT increases the time HDL is able to prevent LDL oxidation
Authors: Hine David , Mackness Bharti , Mackness Mike 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe inhibition of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) is a major antiatherogenic property of this lipoprotein. This activity is due, in part, to HDL associated proteins. However, whether these proteins interact in the antioxidant activity of HDL is unknown. LDL was incubated with apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1), lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) alone or in combination, in the presence or absence of HDL under oxidizing conditions. LDL lipid peroxide concentrations were determined. Apo A1, LCAT, and PON1 all inhibit LDL oxidation in the absence of HDL and enhance the ability of HDL to inhibit LDL oxidation. Their effect was additive rather than synergistic; the combination of these proteins significantly enhanced the length of time LDL was protected from oxidation. This seemed to be due to the ability of PON1 to prevent the oxidative inactivation of LCAT. Apo A1, LCAT, and PON1 can all contribute to the antioxidant activity of HDL in vitro. The combination of apo A1, LCAT, and PON1 prolongs the time that HDL can prevent LDL oxidation, due, at least in part, to the prevention LCAT inactivation. © 2011 IUBMB Life,, 2011.
Bone density and structure in long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Ginsberg Jill P , Bunin Nancy , Zemel Babette , Shults Justine , Leonard Mary B 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Children requiring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) have multiple risk factors for impaired bone accrual. The impact of alloHSCT on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and cortical structure has not been addressed. Tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were obtained in 55 alloHSCT recipients, ages 5 to 26 years, a median of 7 (range, 3–16) years after alloHSCT. pQCT outcomes were converted to sex- and race- specific Z-scores relative to age based on reference data in &gt;700 concurrent healthy participants. Cortical section modulus (Zp; a summary measure of cortical bone structure and strength), and muscle and fat area Z-scores were further adjusted for tibia length for age Z-scores. AlloHSCT survivors had lower height Z-scores (−1.21 ± 1.25 versus 0.23 ± 0.92; p &lt; 0.001), versus reference participants; BMI Z-scores did not differ. AlloHSCT survivors had lower trabecular vBMD (−1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.33 to −0.78; p &lt; 0.001), cortical Zp (−0.63; 95% CI, −0.91 to −0.35; p &lt; 0.001), and muscle (−1.01; 95% CI, −1.30 to −0.72; p &lt; 0.001) Z-scores and greater fat (0.82; 95% CI, 0.54–1.11; p &lt; 0.001) Z-scores, versus reference participants. Adjustment for muscle deficits eliminated Zp deficits in alloHSCT. Total body irradiation (TBI) was associated with lower trabecular vBMD (−1.30 ± 1.40 versus −0.49 ± 0.88; p = 0.01) and muscle (−1.34 ± 1.42 versus −0.34 ± 0.87; p &lt; 0.01) Z-scores. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was associated with lower Zp Z-scores (−1.64 ± 2.47 versus −0.28 ± 1.24; p = 0.05); however, muscle differences were not significant (−1.69 ± 1.84 versus −0.78 ± 1.01; p = 0.09). History of graft versus host disease was not associated with pQCT outcomes. In summary, alloHSCT was associated with significant deficits in trabecular vBMD, cortical geometry, and muscle area years after transplantation. TBI and GHD were significant risk factors for musculoskeletal deficits. Future studies are needed to determine the metabolic and fracture implications of these deficits, and to identify therapies to improve bone accrual following alloHSCT during childhood. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Examination of nuclear receptor expression in osteoblasts reveals rorβ as an important regulator of osteogenesis
Authors: Roforth Matthew M , Liu Gang , Khosla Sundeep , Monroe David G 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A complex network of transcription factors contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the osteoblastic phenotype. Although relatively few transcription factors, such as Runx2 and osterix, are essential to the process of osteoblastic differentiation, others serve the purpose of fine-tuning in response to various environmental and hormonal cues. The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors are involved in numerous aspects of bone biology. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of the entire NR superfamily in differentiating primary murine calvarial cells in order to identify novel NR regulatory patterns. Dynamic patterns of NR expression were observed throughout the differentiation process. Interestingly, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor β (Rorβ) expression was markedly suppressed at later stages of differentiation. To gain further insight into the function of NRs in bone biology, the NR superfamily was also profiled in mouse bone marrow precursor cells isolated from either young (6-month) or aging, osteoporotic (18–22-month) mice. Of interest, Rorβ was potently overexpressed in the aged cohort. Collectively, these data provided evidence that Rorβ expression is inversely correlated with osteogenic potential, suggesting Rorβ may be an important and unexplored regulator of osteogenesis. To validate this hypothesis, a cell model stably expressing Rorβ in mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was produced (MC3T3-Rorβ). These cells displayed markedly suppressed bone nodule formation as well as reduced osteocalcin and osterix gene expression. Because these genes are Runx2 targets, we reasoned that Rorβ may interfere with Runx2 activity. Consistent with this, transient transfection analysis demonstrated that Rorβ inhibited Runx2-dependent activation of a Runx2-reporter construct. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive profile of NR expression during osteoblast differentiation and identify Rorβ as a novel regulator of osteogenesis and potentially of age-related bone loss through antagonism of Runx2 activity. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Site-specific changes in bone microarchitecture, mineralization, and stiffness during lactation and after weaning in mice
Authors: Liu X Sherry , Ardeshirpour Laleh , VanHouten Joshua N , Shane Elizabeth , Wysolmerski John J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Despite the dramatic bone loss that occurs during lactation, bone mineral density rapidly recovers after offspring are weaned and milk production stops. The goal of this study is to quantify site-specific changes in bone quantity and quality during and after lactation in a mouse model. We used micro computed tomography (µCT), individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), digital topological analysis (DTA)-based tissue mineral density (TMD) analysis, and micro finite element analysis (µFEA) to quantify the effects of lactation and weaning on bone microarchitecture, mineralization, and stiffness at the spine, tibia, and femur. We found a significant decrease in trabecular plate microarchitecture, tissue mineralization of the trabecular surface, trabecular central skeleton, and intervening envelopes, and whole bone stiffness in lactating versus nulliparous mice at all three sites. In recovered mice, all these different aspects of bone quality were comparable to nulliparous mice at the spine. In contrast, trabecular plate microarchitecture and whole bone stiffness at the tibia and femur in recovered mice were lower than nulliparous mice, as were central trabecular tissue mineralization and cortical structure at the femur. These findings are consistent with clinical observations of partial recovery of femoral bone mineral density BMD after lactation in humans. The observed differences in trabecular surface tissue mineralization in nulliparous, lactating, and recovered mice are consistent with prior observations that maternal bone turnover shifts from resorption to formation at the time of pup weaning. The significant differences in trabecular central tissue mineralization during these three states suggest that osteocytes may contribute to the reversible loss of mineral during and after lactation. Future studies are necessary to determine whether differing functions of various bone cells at individual skeletal sites cause site-specific skeletal changes during and after lactation. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Regulation of RUNX2 transcription factor–DNA interactions and cell proliferation by vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) prohormone activity
Authors: Underwood Karen F , D'Souza David R , Mochin-Peters Maria , Pierce Adam D , Kommineni Sravya , Choe Moran , Bennett Jessica , Gnatt Averell , Habtemariam Bahru , MacKerell Alexander D , Passaniti Antonino 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The fat-soluble prohormone cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) is a precursor of the circulating 25-OH Vitamin D3, which is converted by 1α-hydroxylase to the biologically active 1,25-OH Vitamin D3. Active Vitamin D3 interacts with the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor that plays an important role in calcium mobilization and bone formation. RUNX2 is a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates target genes important in bone formation, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Using computer-assisted drug design (CADD) and a microtiter plate-based DNA-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (D-ELISA) to measure nuclear RUNX2 DNA binding, we have found that Vitamin D3 prohormones can modulate RUNX2 DNA binding, which was dose-dependent and sensitive to trypsin, salt, and phosphatase treatment. Unlabeled oligonucleotide or truncated, dominant negative RUNX2 proteins were competitive inhibitors of RUNX2 DNA binding. The RUNX2 heterodimeric partner, Cbfβ, was detected in the binding complexes with specific antibodies. Evaluation of several RUNX2:DNA targeted small molecules predicted by CADD screening revealed a previously unknown biological activity of the inactive Vitamin D3 precursor, cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol modulated RUNX2:DNA binding at nanomolar concentrations even in cells with low VDR. Cholecalciferol and 25-OH Vitamin D3 prohormones were selective inhibitors of RUNX2-positive endothelial, bone, and breast cancer cell proliferation, but not of cells lacking RUNX2 expression. These compounds may have application in modulating RUNX2 activity in an angiogenic setting, in metastatic cells, and to promote bone formation in disease-mediated osteoporosis. The combination CADD discovery and D-ELISA screening approaches allows the testing of other novel derivatives of Vitamin D and/or transcriptional inhibitors with the potential to regulate DNA binding and biological function. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sustained RANKL response to parathyroid hormone in oncostatin M receptor-deficient osteoblasts converts anabolic treatment to a catabolic effect in vivo
Authors: Walker Emma C , Poulton Ingrid J , McGregor Narelle E , Ho Patricia WM , Allan Elizabeth H , Quach Julie M , Martin T John , Sims Natalie A 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the only approved anabolic agent for osteoporosis treatment. It acts via osteoblasts to stimulate both osteoclast formation and bone formation, with the balance between these two activities determined by the mode of administration. Oncostatin M (OSM), a gp130-dependent cytokine expressed by osteoblast lineage cells, has similar effects and similar gene targets in the osteoblast lineage. In this study, we investigated whether OSM might participate in anabolic effects of PTH. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of PTH-treated murine stromal cells and primary calvarial osteoblasts identified significant regulation of gp130 and gp130-dependent coreceptors and ligands, including a significant increase in OSM receptor (OSMR) expression. To determine whether OSMR signaling is required for PTH anabolic action, 6-week-old male Osmr−/− mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were treated with hPTH(1–34) for 3 weeks. In WT mice, PTH increased trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness. In contrast, the same treatment had a catabolic effect in Osmr−/− mice, reducing both trabecular bone volume and trabecular number. This was not explained by any alteration in the increased osteoblast formation and mineral apposition rate in response to PTH in Osmr−/− compared with WT mice. Rather, PTH treatment doubled osteoclast surface in Osmr−/− mice, an effect not observed in WT mice. Consistent with this finding, when osteoclast precursors were cultured in the presence of osteoblasts, more osteoclasts were formed in response to PTH when Osmr−/− osteoblasts were used. Neither PTH1R mRNA levels nor cAMP response to PTH were modified in Osmr−/− osteoblasts. However, RANKL induction in PTH-treated Osmr−/− osteoblasts was sustained at least until 24 hours after PTH exposure, an effect not observed in WT osteoblasts. These data indicate that the transient RANKL induction by intermittent PTH administration, which is associated with its anabolic action, is changed to a prolonged induction in OSMR-deficient osteoblasts, resulting in bone destruction. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.