bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1 On Analytic Theology
Authors: Crisp Oliver D. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter presents a possible research programme that could provide a fruitful means of thinking theologically. The theological model under consideration draws upon one stream of current philosophical thinking, namely, analytic philosophy of religion. Analytic theology is an approach that is characterized by (a) explanatory/metaphysical ambitions that prioritize explanations marked by rhetorical features like clarity and (b) a commitment to the view that there are theological truths that are accessible to human beings. Analytic theology as such carries no commitment to the view that reason is a source of ‘fundamental knowledge’ (rather than merely a tool for exploring the relations among ideas).
4 A Conception of Faith in the Greek Fathers
Authors: Lamont John 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A frequent complaint about the application to theology of ideas from analytic philosophy is that such applications are unhistorical; they impose anachronistic concepts and questions upon issues from the Christian theological tradition, while ignoring vital elements of this tradition that do not fit into analytic ways of thinking. This chapter considers a subject where this accusation is the opposite of the truth. It uses a contemporary debate in analytic philosophy — that of the nature of testimony as a source of knowledge — to gain a better understanding of an important theological tradition on the nature of Christian belief. This tradition, developed by the Greek Fathers, is not only illuminated but supported by current arguments for testimony as an autonomous source of knowledge.
8 On Understanding Scripture as the Word of God
Authors: McCall Thomas 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The so-called classical view of scripture states that scripture really is the word of God. Karl Barth's view has emerged as an important and influential alternative to the classical view. He does not endorse what is often loosely called a ‘progressive’ or ‘liberal’ view of scripture. He does not think that the Bible contains or reflects the Word of God and does not believe that it is merely the record of some important religious experiences. But nor does he endorse the traditional view, and indeed he is critical of it. Instead, he is convinced that scripture really is the Word of God — but only in the ‘event’ that it becomes so. This chapter engages Barth's proposal. It attempts to show how Barth's own concerns might be addressed by the use of analytic tools. Making use of recent developments in analytic philosophy of language, it argues that the theologian who shares Barth's fundamental theological commitments can — and indeed should — hold to the classical view.
9 On Believing that the Scriptures are Divinely Inspired
Authors: Crisp Thomas M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter investigates the epistemology of belief that the Bible is divinely inspired. It assumes that most Christians arejustified in believing as much and asks: Whence comes justification for this belief? It considers and rejects the possibility that justification for the belief comes by way of argument from history or natural theology, then considers and rejects the possibility that its justification owes to something like Calvin's ‘internal testimony of the Holy Spirit’. Rather, the chapter argues, for most Christians, justification for belief that the Bible is divinely inspired is akin to the justification enjoyed by beliefs accepted on the basis of testimony from those deemed expert by one's social group.
11 Science and Religion in Constructive Engagement
Authors: Murray Michael J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In recent years theologians have worked harder to incorporate the deliverances of science into their theological systems. Most of them are keen to avoid Galileo-Affair-style collision courses with science. But there is much less agreement on what a more accommodating approach might be. This chapter critically assesses a variety of proposals. After arguing against Stephen Gould's segregationist approach and John Haught's fully integrationist approach, the chapter considers a couple of critical historical episodes which illustrate the ways in which theology and science can engage in mutually critical constructive dialogue. The first of those episodes concerns the 17th-century tension between Cartesian physics and the Roman doctrine of transubstantiation, while the second focuses in William Ralph Inge's engagement with cosmology in the early 20th century.
14 Dark Contemplation and Epistemic Transformation
Authors: Coakley Sarah 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter explores the mystical writings of St Teresa of Ávila with an eye to providing certain correctives to analytic appropriations of St Teresa's work. It begins with a playful feminist analysis of some of the most important turns to religious experience in analytic philosophy of religion in recent decades, which lead on, in the light of a feminist critique, to an analysis of how Teresa's project might suggest how contemplative practice (as opposed to passing religious experiences) could help provide justification for certain sorts of theistic claim, and what role an apophatic sensibility would play in such a move. This final chapter not only attempts to extend some of the main moves made by William Alston in his Perceiving God in such a new way, but also responds to Alston's own recent attempt to press his epistemological project in this apophatic direction. It is argued that Alston's new ‘turn’ has considerable potential, but one still in need of further development and critique.
International Law and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Authors: Joyner Daniel H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) technologies is by no means a new concern for the international community. Indeed, since the signing of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty in 1968, tremendous energies have been expended upon diplomatic efforts to create a web of treaties and international organizations regulating the production and stockpiling of WMD sensitive materials within states, as well as their spread through the increasingly globalized channels of international trade to other states and non-state actors. However, the intervention in 2003 by Western powers in Iraq has served as an illustration of the importance of greater understanding of and attention to this area of law, as disagreements over its content and application have once again lead to a potentially destabilizing armed intervention by members of the United Nations into the sovereign territory of another member state. Other ongoing disputes between states regarding the character of obligations work assumed under non-proliferation treaty instruments, and the effect of international organizations' decisions in this area, form some of the most contentious and potentially destabilizing issues of foreign policy concern for many states.
The Nuclear Non-proliferation Regime
Authors: Joyner Daniel H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter discusses the origins of the nuclear Nnon-proliferation regime. The NPT was opened for signature on July 1, 1968 at Washington, London, and Moscow. It was signed that first day by the three depository governments and by more than fifty other states. The treaty entered into force on March 5, 1970. In 2007, the membership of the NPT stands at 187 states, and the treaty continues to serve as the cornerstone legal instrument of the nuclear non-proliferation system. Articles I, II, III, and VI of the NPT are discussed.
The Chemical and Biological Weapons Non-proliferation Regimes
Authors: Joyner Daniel H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter analyzes international legal regimes regulating the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. It begins with a brief description of chemical and biological weapons. It then discusses provisions of the 1925 Geneva Protocol, the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). It argues that the biological and chemical weapons regulatory regimes, with the BWC and CWC as their cornerstones, have succeeded in establishing a comprehensive legal prohibition upon possession, development, proliferation, and use of biological and chemical weapons. This legal prohibition is supported by a pervasive and powerful ancient moral taboo particularly on the use of biological and chemical weapons.
The World Trade Organization and WMD Dual-Use Export Controls
Authors: Joyner Daniel H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter considers one further substantive area of international law which may be included under the umbrella category of non-proliferation law, in that it provides the rules and administrative structures concerned with cross-border transfers of a broad range of goods and services, inclusive of cross-border transfers (i.e., horizontal proliferation) of WMD-related items and technologies. The rules of international trade law most relevant to this consideration can be found in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which, since 1995, has been housed within the administrative framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Non-proliferation Law and the United Nations System: The U.N. Political Bodies
Authors: Joyner Daniel H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of the United Nations political bodies in creating, facilitating, maintaining, and enforcing international law on the subject of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. As the cornerstone international organization in the area of international peace and security, the United Nations has had a long history of engagement with the issue of WMD proliferation, beginning with the very first General Assembly Resolution on January 24, 1946. The UN Charter itself gives to the political bodies of the organization specific powers to participate in the creation of new international law on issues of WMD proliferation, as well as special powers of enforcement of non-proliferation law to the UN Security Council.
The Challenges of Counterproliferation: The Proliferation Security Initiative
Authors: Joyner Daniel H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), an ongoing informal diplomatic program involving some fifty states at various levels of cooperation in logistic, law enforcement, and military efforts aimed at interdicting WMD-related items and technologies in transit, most often over the sea lanes. It argues that the PSI presents potentially problematic issues of legal and jurisprudential concern, from which more general lessons can be learned regarding counterproliferation-oriented pre-emptive uses of force. When viewed from a policy standpoint as well, its utility as a function of costs versus benefits, particularly in its more aggressive modes of prosecution, is also questionable. However, both legal and policy-related concerns could be substantially allayed through the operationalization of the PSI's principles in a more reserved and transparent manner.
‘Virgil in the Basket’: narrative as hermeneutics in Hebrew literature of the Middle Ages
Authors: Yassif Eli 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes the continuity of central ideas over many centuries. Despite tremendous innovation and change within the literature, it persuasively connects folkloric motifs from a medieval Hebrew folktale with classical images from Jewish tradition. It addresses the question of the authority of narrative texts as historical documents as well as the question of narrative hermeneutics — in all its force and seriousness.
Women reading the Song of Songs in the Christian tradition
Authors: McGinn Bernard 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter explores a neglected topic in the history of Christian reception of the Song of Songs — its interpretation for and by women. The reason for this lack of attention is not hard to find. Although women began to make major contributions to theology, especially mystical theology, from the 13th century on, even educated women could not receive the formal training in scriptural interpretation that was under the control of male monks and schoolmen.
Myth as historia divina and historia sacra
Authors: Assmann Jan 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Taking Fishbane's groundbreaking methodological work in biblical mythology, this chapter explores the possibility of applying these insights to a range of non-Israelite historical and mythological texts. It argues that such a thing as the narrative representation of the past is anything but normal and self-evident. It requires a general cultural option for change over against identity and continuity. The past, in order to become the subject of such a representation, must in itself possess a kind of narrative structure.
The riddle of Psalm 111
Authors: Zvi Brettler Marc 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter pays tribute to Fishbane's extraordinary philological and literary skills. Arguing on the basis of careful textual analysis as well as inner-biblical interpretation, it urges reconsideration of the classification of Psalm 111. Psalm 111 is seen as a ‘riddle psalm’ within the larger category of Torah psalms rather than as a historical psalm.
Calling God names: an inner‐biblical approach to the Tetragrammaton
Authors: Schniedewind William M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter explores holistically a question that touches on Fishbane's interest in mythopoesis as well as inner-biblical interpretation, and the cultural roles of both endeavors. It investigates the Tetragrammaton's enigmatic etymology in Exod 3:15 and 6:3, its meaning and use, and the ways the meaning of this divine name may have changed with the loss of the First Temple and its eventual re-establishment. The careful analysis of this single key concept offers insight into the much larger issues surrounding communal redefinition.
A rabbinic disquisition of Leviticus 26:3℃13: a utopian vision between Jews and Christians
Authors: Weinberg Joanna 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter seeks out clues to the underlying social reality of a rabbinic text — the earliest midrash on Leviticus, Sifra, and its later interpretations. The midrashic presentation of God's corporeality is viewed as a forum for Jewish–Christian theological discussions over multiple centuries.
Yearning for intimacy: Pesikta d'Rav Kahana and the Temple
Authors: Hirshman Marc 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter examines the ambience of the Pesikta d'Rav Kahana and its objectives by paying close attention to some of the Greek loanwords it uses and, more generally, to the nature of the language it employs in parables when speaking of the temple and the degree of intimacy indicated between God and Israel. The Pesikta d'Rav Kahana throbs with a longing for God's presence in the temple. The longing for restoration is accompanied by a strong desire for retribution on the nations of the world, a motif that is a staple of most, if not all, of the piskaot. The king parables are employed to indicate God's desire for a place (papilion) where intimacy with Israel is assured and secure. God secures a place among the Jewish elders, abandoning the angels above (sunkleten), in order to guide the discussion of calendar, the heart of the Pesikta's concern.
‘Sage is preferable to prophet’: revisioning midrashic imagination
Authors: Wolfson Elliot R. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter begins with Fishbane's understanding of ‘inspired exegesis’, that is, the thread found in rabbinic literature itself that considers rabbinic exegesis not only reliant on Torah study but also deeply revelatory. It then turns to the mystical text of the Zohar and demonstrates that its authors take this idea a step further, viewing their interpretive work and experience not only as participating in revelation but also as exceeding the normal range of prophetic experience. The chapter demonstrates that these medieval mystics are really practising an intellectual mysticism, strongly reminiscent of Fishbane's concept of exegetical illumination.
Between sensual and heavenly love: Franz Rosenzweig's reading of the Song of Songs
Authors: Mendes‐Flohr Paul 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
This chapter examines how Franz Rosenzweig read and responded to the Song of Songs' juxtaposition of love and death. Rosenzweig viewed the erotic imagery of the Song of Songs as the most eloquent statement in the Hebrew Bible on the meaning of revelation, of the divine-human relation. Indeed, he refers to this love-song as the Kernbuch der Offenbarung, the focal-book of revelation. Yet God is not once mentioned, nor even alluded to, in this dialogue between a man and a woman, testifying to the physical delights and anguish of their mutual love.
Christianity and Conservative Historiography: Herbert Butterfield, Cambridge, and the Greater World
Authors: Soffer Reba N. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
While also discussing Geoffrey Elton and George Kitson Clark, this chapter concentrates on Butterfield, who spoke to the wide audience that listened to the BBC, lectured throughout Britain and America, participated in planning international policy in both countries, and exerted global influence. In the aftermath of a horrific Second World War, Butterfield called upon an unknown providential dispensation higher than human understanding, and he fortified that dispensation by a ‘scientific’ study of international politics to guarantee peace and the continuity of traditions and institutions that had succeeded historically. Refusing to judge individuals, Butterfield was convinced that history must be understood as the tragic effect of original sin upon moral freedom.
Conservatism and Exceptionalism
Authors: Soffer Reba N. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Daniel Boorstin, a pre‐eminent historian, and Rowland Berthoff, less famous but sharing the same convictions, believed in a democratic society that reflected the given historicity of a vast and heterogeneous geography, massive waves of immigration, and social and economic incentives that made success possible. Each historian produced an American conservative historiography that was an eclectic amalgam of liberal, populist, and conservative interests. They presented American history the experimental product of exceptional American circumstances: the separation of Church and state, religious pluralism, a classless society, social and geographical mobility, the constant influx of productive immigrants, and the replacement of a paternalistic landed aristocracy by an industrial plutocracy.
Structural Crystallography of Inorganic Oxysalts
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis book deals with the structural crystallography of inorganic oxysalts in general. A special emphasis is placed upon structural topology and the methods of its description. The latter include graph theory, nets, 2-D and 3-D tilings, polyhedra, etc. The structures considered range from minerals to organically templated oxysalts, for all of which this book provides a unified approach to structure interpretation and classification. Most of the structures are analysed and it is shown that they possess the same topological genealogy and relationships, sometimes despite their obvious chemical differences. In order to expand the range of oxysalts considered, the book offers traditional schemes and also alternative approaches such as anion topologis, anion-centered polyhedra and cation arrays. It also looks into the amazingly complex and diverse world of inorganic oxysalts.
Basic concepts
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter introduces basic concepts in structural chemistry relevant to the description and interpretation of structures of inorganic oxysalts. It starts from the structural classification of these materials using bond-valence theory and theory of mixed anionic radicals developed by the Moscow school of crystal chemistry. Typical bond lengths in inorganic oxysalts are tabulated and their behaviour is discussed. Some important parameters of hydrogen bonding are considered.
Graph theory applied to low-dimensional structural units in inorganic oxysalts
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter describes a multitude of low-dimensional (0-, 1-, and 2-D) structural units in inorganic oxysalts using graph theory. It shows that most topologies can be described as derivatives of several graphs that are termed basic. The derivation procedures include deleting vertices and/or edges, branching, recombination, etc. The concepts of geometrical and structural isomerism are discussed and these phenomena are analysed by means of orientation matrices. The chapter provides systematic treatment of low-dimensional topologies in inorganic oxysalts with over 400 references to the original literature that are critically analysed and re-considered from a topological point of view.
Topology of framework structures in inorganic oxysalts
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter deals with framework structures that represent one of the most complex units in inorganic oxysalts. The frameworks are considered from different viewpoints. First, several examples of structures based upon fundamental building units are considered and it is shown that many of them are organized on the basis of regular nets. However, most of the frameworks in oxysalts are much more complex and require detailed and sometimes non-trivial approaches for their interpretation. The frameworks are considered based upon polyhedral units, chains, or layers. Special attention is paid to the investigation of internal topologies of framework channels that are described by means of tubular units.
Anion-topology approach
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter deals with description of dense 2-D topologies using the concept of anion-topology introduced by P. C. Burns and co-authors for the analysis of uranyl layered structures. Anion topologies are considered as plane tilings and their classification is developed. Several cases of geometrical isomerism are discussed using the concept of orientation matrix introduced in Chapter 2.
Alternative approaches to structure description
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to alternative approaches to description of complex structures of inorganic oxysalts. These include, first, treatment in terms of anion-centered polyhedra (either tetrahedra or octahedra). The history of this approach is considered and its effectiveness is demonstrated. Many examples of structural units based upon anion-centered polyhedra are provided (e.g., stella quadrangula and inverted perovskites). The second approach examined is description in terms of cation arrays, this is the most suitable description for structures with large and heavy cations (e.g., lanthanoids). As example, the structural chemistry of rare earth fluoride carbonates is discussed.
Dimensional reduction in inorganic oxysalts
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis chapter analyses ‘structure-composition’ correlations in inorganic oxysalts by means of dimensional reduction. It is shown that the dimensionality of structural units in inorganic oxysalts is controlled by the incorporation of ionic component (e.g., alkali metal salt or oxide) into parent structure. This allows for compositional diagrams with fields of units of different dimensionality or different connectedness values of polyhedra. For hydrated oxysalts, it is shown that incorporation of water and acid also reduces dimensionality.