bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of oral versus transdermal testosterone supplementation in hypogonadal men
Authors: Raynaud Jean-Pierre , Colle Michel , Pujos-Gautraud Michèle , Lemaire Antoine , Auzerie Jack , Gardette Jean 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To compare mean serum total testosterone, bioavailable-testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone levels between transdermal testosterone and oral testosterone undecanoate treatment.Methods: Multicentre, randomized, cross-over study; 44 men >18 years, testosterone ≤2.5 ng/mL. Two patches (Testopatch®) every other day in the morning or two capsules Pantestone®40 mg bid in each 22-day period. Hormone serum levels of four blood samples over the first and last 48 h of each treatment period.Results: Mean age 49 years. Mean testosterone before inclusion 1.99 ng/mL. Mean testosterone serum levels over the last 48 h of Testopatch treatment were superior to Pantestone (4.64 vs. 2.58 ng/mL, p<0.001). Testosterone trough levels at the end of each treatment period were significantly higher for Testopatch (3.15 vs. 2.45 ng/mL, p<0.01). Bioavailable-testosterone levels over the first and last 48 h of treatment were significantly greater with Testopatch than with Pantestone (p=0.001 and p<0.01). Dihydrotestosterone levels over the first and last 48 h of treatment (0.71 vs. 1.05 ng/mL and 0.68 vs. 0.89 ng/mL) as well as at trough (0.59 vs. 0.96 ng/mL) were significantly lower with Testopatch than with Pantestone (p<0.001, p<0.05, and p<0.001). SHBG levels decreased by Pantestone but not by Testopatch (p<0.001).Conclusions: Testopatch was superior to Pantestone to increase testosterone and bioavailable-testosterone levels in hypogonadal men from the first days and throughout the three weeks of treatment. Pantestone increased dihydrotestosterone to a larger extent and decreased SHBG.
A Review of ASHRAE Standard 160—Criteria for Moisture Control Design Analysis in Buildings
Authors: TenWolde Anton 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Many of our current recommendations for moisture and condensation control are not based on quantitative analysis under a consistent set of design assumptions, even though a growing number of computer tools are beginning to make such analysis practical. To address this issue, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) published ASHRAE Standard 160, “Criteria for Moisture-Control Design Analysis in Buildings,” in January 2009. The standard provides performance-based procedures and criteria for moisture design analysis for buildings. It sets criteria for moisture design loads, moisture analysis methods, and satisfactory building performance. The standard can be used for the design analysis of the building envelope or to help guide specifications for HVAC equipment and controls. Eventually, it should form the basis for prescriptive moisture design rules based on a uniform set of design assumptions and loads. It is intended to help reduce building failures in service, provide consistency in design approach and recommendations, offer more flexibility in design for moisture control and better ability to incorporate new materials, and provide greater transparency by requiring reporting of design assumptions. This paper describes the rationale behind this standard, what is in it, its potential uses, and areas of uncertainties. A standing ASHRAE Standard Project Committee has now been formed to update the standard. The paper discusses some of the main changes that are likely to occur in the next update.
Enhanced Performance in Vapor O-Methylation of Hydroxybenzene Over a Noval Kind of Mesoporous Rare Earth Phosphate
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Qingbo , Yang Xiangguang , Zhang Xiangping , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Mesoporous rare earth phosphates (MREPs) have been prepared by template method. The mesoporous structure of these materials has been characterized by XRD and TEM measurement. The catalytic performance of these materials in vapor O-methylation of hydroxybenzene has been investigated. These MREPs show higher performance in O-methylation of hydroxybenzene than the materials prepared without template. The excellent performance of these MREPs could be ascribed to their porous structure and much more amount of active sites.
Estimation of Lacking Standard Thermodynamic Data of Peroxodisulfates at 0–50 °C
Authors: Balej Jan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Estimated standard formation enthalpies and standard entropies of solid sodium and ammonium peroxodisulfate enabled to estimate standard Gibbs formation energies of these substances in the solid state at 25 °C. Their reliability was checked on the basis of the thermodynamic condition for the equilibrium between the solid substance and its saturated solution, in combination with estimated mean activity coefficients of the saturated solutions and with reliable data of standard Gibbs formation energies in the aqueous solutions. Using suitable estimation methods for the temperature dependence of the appropriate C°p data, the corresponding values Δf
H° and Δf
G° of sodium, potassium and ammonium peroxodisulfates in the standard solid and aqueous state at 0–50 °C have been derived.
Pressure Dependence of Iso-Propyl Nitrate Formation in the i-C3H7O2 + NO Reaction
Authors: Butkovskaya N. I. , Kukui A. , Le Bras G. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The branching ratio β = k1b/k1a for the formation of iso-propyl nitrate, i-C3H7ONO2, in the gas-phase reaction of i-C3H7O2 with NO, i-C3H7O2 + NO → i-C3H7O + NO2 (1a), i-C3H7O2 + NO → i-C3H7ONO2 (1b), was determined over the pressure range 55–500 Torr at 298 K using a high-pressure turbulent flow reactor coupled with a chemical ionization quadrupole mass-spectrometer. The β coefficient was found to increase linearly with pressure from about 0.6% at 55 Torr to about 3% at 500 Torr. The atmospheric implication of the results obtained is briefly discussed.
Heterogeneous Chemistry of Cl2O and HOCl on Frozen Natural Sea Salt, Recrystallized Sea Salt, KCl and NaCl Solutions at 200 and 215 K
Authors: Pratte Pascal , Rossi Michel J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The HOCl heterogeneous reaction on frozen natural (NSS) and recrystallized (RSS) sea salt, KCl and NaCl solutions was studied using a low pressure flow reactor in order to measure the uptake coefficient γ and products of reaction. The HOCl sample used in these experiments always contained up to 25% Cl2O which was also studied separately as a pure gas in order to understand the heterogeneous chemistry of both gases. By performing HOCl uptake on frozen NSS solution at 200 K and a gas-phase residence time of (1.6±0.6) s we obtained a steady state uptake coefficient γHOCl on NSS = (2.5±0.7)×10-3 and γCl2O on NSS = (2.8±0.8)×10-3. On frozen KCl solution at 200 K we obtain γHOCl on KCl = (2.8±1.3)×10-3, identical to NSS, and γCl2O on KCl = (4.6±0.8)×10-4. The main product formed during the uptake on frozen NSS solution is Cl2 which is sustained for at least one hour. In contrast, only a transient Cl2 flow (pulse) decreasing on the time scale of 100 s was observed on frozen KCl (NaCl) solution. 25±10 % of the HOCl taken up on all chloride-containing frozen substrates at 200 K react to produce Cl2 at high HOCl concentration (4.5×1011 molecule cm-3) and at a residence time of 1.6 s in comparison with twice that for Cl2O. For smaller concentrations such as [HOCl] = 3.7×1010 molecule cm-3 and/or a shorter residence time (0.137±0.004s), HOCl uptake did not generate Cl2 in contrast to Cl2O. A single Br2 burst event was monitored when a Cl2O or HOCl/Cl2O mixture is taken up on fresh frozen NSS solution during the first uptake at 200 K. Further Cl2O or HOCl/Cl2O uptake on the same sample, even after annealing at 240 K does not show an additional Br2 pulse. This Br2 release may be significant in the autocatalytic ozone destruction mechanism in the troposphere during polar sunrise. Some of the atmospheric implications of the present results are highlighted with emphasis on the preequilibrium Cl2O(ads) + H2O(ice) ↔ 2 HOCl(ads) between adsorbed HOCl and Cl2O, with the latter being the gateway to reactive uptake of HOCl at low temperatures.
Atmospheric Heterogeneous Reactions of Benzo(a)pyrene
Authors: Cazaunau M. , Le Ménach K. , Budzinski H. , Villenave E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This experimental study deals with heterogeneous reactions of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with ozone, nitrogen dioxide and hydroxyl radicals. BaP was adsorbed on silica particles chosen here as a model of mineral atmospheric particles. Compound extractions were assisted by focused microwave and analyses were performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy in single ion monitoring mode. Pseudo-first order rate constants were obtained from the fit of experimental decays of particulate-BaP concentration versus reaction time. Second order rate constants were determined considering the different oxidant gaseous concentrations except for the case of hydroxyl radicals where only a pseudo-first order rate constant was proposed. Values obtained at room temperature are (2.1±0.5)×10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for (BaP + ozone), (5.8±1.4)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for (BaP + nitrogen dioxide) and (3.4±0.8)×10−2 s−1 for (BaP + OH) reactions. Products have only been investigated for the NO2 and the OH (in the presence of NOx) reactions. 1-, 3- and 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrenes were detected as degradation products and quantified. Reaction rate constants for product formation are (3.7±0.9)×10−16 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for 6-NBaP, (2.2±0.6)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for 1-NBaP and (5.3±1.3)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for 3-NBaP. 1-, 3- and 6-nitroBaP account respectively for approximately 5%, 12% and 83% of total nitrated species. If in the presence of only nitrogen dioxide, BaP was totally degraded within few minutes, only 20 to 25 % of the initial BaP led to nitrated compounds when reacting with OH (in the presence of NOx).
Interaction of NO2 with Soot: Oxidation and Gasification at Temperatures Between 300 and 670 K
Authors: Pashkova Aneta , Seisel Sabine 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In this study the interaction of NO2 with ethylene soot particles has been studied in a temperature from 300 to 670 K and NO2 concentrations ranging from 5 · 1010 molecules cm−3 to 5 · 1012 molecules cm−3. The adsorption of NO2 takes place in the whole temperature range studied with a mean initial uptake coefficient of (5.9±1.0) · 10−2 independent of temperature and gas phase concentration. At low temperatures HONO and NO are formed as gas phase products. At higher temperatures NO and CO2 have been observed as gaseous products indicating the oxidation and gasification of soot. For the NO and CO2 forming reaction an activation energy of EA = (44.7±8.2) · kJ mol−1 has been determined.
Adiposity and insulin resistance correlate with telomere length in middle-aged Arabs: the influence of circulating adiponectin
Authors: Al-Attas Omar S , Al-Daghri Nasser M , Alokail Majed S , Alfadda Assim , Bamakhramah Ahmed , Sabico Shaun , Pritlove Dave , Harte Alison , Tripathi Gyanendra , McTernan Philip G , Kumar Sudhesh , Chrousos George 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveStudies in obesity have implicated adipocytokines in the development of insulin resistance, which in turn may lead to accelerated aging. In this study, we determined associations of chromosomal telomere length (TL) to markers of obesity and insulin resistance in middle-aged adult male and female Arabs with and without diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2).Design and methodsOne hundred and ninety-three non-diabetic and DMT2 subjects without complications (97 males and 96 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical data, as well as fasting blood samples, were collected. Serum glucose and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and PAI-1 were quantified using customized multiplex assay kits. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and angiotensin II (ANG II) were measured using ELISAs. Circulating leukocyte TL was examined by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsCirculating chromosomal leukocyte TL had significant inverse associations with body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and total cholesterol, ANG II and hsCRP levels. Adiponectin, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol predicted 47% of the variance in TL (P<0.0001). HOMA-IR was the most significant predictor for TL in males, explaining 35% of the variance (P=0.01). In females, adiponectin accounted for 28% of the variance in TL (P=0.01).ConclusionObesity and insulin resistance are associated with chromosomal TL among adult Arabs. Evidence of causal relations needs further investigation. The positive association of adiponectin to TL has clinical implications as to the possible protective effects of this hormone from accelerated aging.
Genomic Admixture Analysis in European Populus spp. Reveals Unexpected Patterns of Reproductive Isolation and Mating
Authors: Lexer Christian , Joseph Jeffrey A , van Loo Marcela , Barbará Thelma , Heinze Berthold , Bartha Denes , Castiglione Stefano , Fay Michael F , Buerkle C Alex 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdmixture between genetically divergent populations facilitates genomic studies of the mechanisms involved in adaptation, reproductive isolation, and speciation, including mapping of the loci involved in these phenomena. Little is known about how pre- and postzygotic barriers will affect the prospects of “admixture mapping” in wild species. We have studied 93 mapped genetic markers (microsatellites, indels, and sequence polymorphisms, ∼60,000 data points) to address this topic in hybrid zones of Populus alba and P. tremula, two widespread, ecologically important forest trees. Using genotype and linkage information and recently developed analytical tools we show that (1) reproductive isolation between these species is much stronger than previously assumed but this cannot prevent the introgression of neutral or advantageous alleles, (2) unexpected genotypic gaps exist between recombinant hybrids and their parental taxa, (3) these conspicuous genotypic patterns are due to assortative mating and strong postzygotic barriers, rather than recent population history. We discuss possible evolutionary trajectories of hybrid lineages between these species and outline strategies for admixture mapping in hybrid zones between highly divergent populations. Datasets such as this one are still rare in studies of natural hybrid zones but should soon become more common as high throughput genotyping and resequencing become feasible in nonmodel species.
Reducing Childhood Mortality From Diarrhea and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Brazil
Authors: Rasella Davide , Aquino Rosana , Barreto Mauricio L. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effects of the Family Health Program (FHP), a strategy for reorganization of primary health care in Brazil, on mortality of children younger than 5 years, particularly from diarrheal diseases and lower respiratory tract infections.

METHODS:
Mortality rates and the extent of FHP coverage from 2000 to 2005 was evaluated from the 2601 (of 5507) Brazilian municipalities with an adequate quality of vital information. A multivariable regression analysis for panel data was conducted by using a negative binomial model with fixed effects, adjusted for relevant demographic and socioeconomic covariates.

RESULTS:
A statistically significant negative association was observed between FHP coverage levels, classified as none (the reference category), low (&lt;30%), intermediate (≥30% and &lt;70%), or high (≥70%), and all analyzed mortality rates, with a reduction of 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%–6%), 9% (95% CI: 7%–12%), and 13% (95% CI: 10%–15%), respectively, on mortality rates or children younger than 5. The greatest effect was on postneonatal mortality. Reductions of 31% (95% CI: 20%–40%) and 19% (95% CI: 8%–28%) in mortality rates from diarrheal diseases and lower respiratory infections, respectively, were found in the group of municipalities with the highest FHP coverage.

CONCLUSIONS:
The FHP, one of the largest comprehensive primary health care programs in the world, was effective in reducing overall mortality of children younger than 5, and particularly deaths related to diarrheal diseases and lower respiratory tract infections.
DMSA Scan for Revealing Vesicoureteral Reflux in Young Children With Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Fouzas Sotirios , Krikelli Erifyli , Vassilakos Pavlos , Gkentzi Despoina , Papanastasiou Dimitrios A. , Salakos Christos 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to assess the ability of acute dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy for revealing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in young children after a first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).

METHODS:
Children aged ≤24 months and were admitted with a first febrile UTI during a 5-year period were evaluated. The ability of acute DMSA scintigraphy to reveal dilating (grades 3–5) or severe (grades 4–5) VUR was assessed by comparing DMSA scan findings with those of voiding cystourethrography.

RESULTS:
Of the 296 children included, 46 had dilating and 25 severe VUR. Abnormal DMSA scan results were associated with an odds ratio of 4.36 for dilating and 5.50 for severe VUR. For detecting dilating VUR, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.68, the positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 2.00, and the negative LR was 0.46; for severe VUR, those values were 0.69, 2.10, and 0.38, respectively. Children with abnormal DMSA scan results combined with abnormal ultrasonography had an odds ratio of 3.60 for dilating and 6.32 for severe VUR. Despite normal findings on both investigations, 12 children had dilating and 4 severe VUR. For dilating VUR, the area under the (AUC) was 0.65, the positive LR was 1.70, and the negative LR was 0.47; for severe VUR, the values were 0.69, 1.90, and 0.29, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest that acute DMSA scintigraphy has limited overall ability in identifying VUR and should not be endorsed as replacement for voiding cystourethrography in the evaluation of young children with a first febrile UTI.
Hydroxyapatite as an In‐Office Agent for Tooth Hypersensitivity: A Clinical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Shetty Shreya , Kohad Ramesh , Yeltiwar Ramreddy 
Published: August 2010

Background: Pain caused by hypersensitivity is very common and a variety of agents have been tried and tested to put an end to this ailment, but with limited or short‐term success. The search for an agent that would predictably and permanently occlude the tubules and blend with them has prompted the use of durapatite/hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is the principal inorganic constituent of the tooth.Methods: A total of 486 hypersensitive teeth in 45 patients with hypersensitive symptoms confirmed by visual analog scale and verbal rating scale were divided into four groups. Two were treated with HAP in two forms (dry sol gel and liquid precipitate form), and the other two groups included a positive control group (distilled water) and a negative control group (no treatment). The responses were evaluated at 0 and 1 days, and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks, for all groups. Ten freshly extracted teeth were prepared and treated as mentioned previously and subjected to scanning electron microscopy to assess the tubule occlusion.Results: HAP‐treated teeth showed statistically significant reduction in hypersensitive symptoms (P <0.001) compared to the other groups at the end of 1 day and 1, 2, and 4 weeks, but at the end of 8 weeks all four groups showed no statistical differences (P <0.5). The scanning electron microscopic study showed completely obliterated dentinal tubules in the HAP‐treated specimens, whereas the other groups showed predominantly open or partially occluded tubules.Conclusions: HAP shows definite potential as an effective and permanent desensitizer when used as an in‐office procedure. However, further long‐term studies and comparative clinical trials with other popular desensitizing methods need to be carried out to prove its superiority.
Association Between Periodontal Disease and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women in Jordan
Authors: Al Habashneh Rola , Alchalabi Haifa'a , Khader Yousef S. , Hazza'a A.M. , Odat Ziad , Johnson Georgia K. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Some studies suggest that females with osteoporosis are at an increased risk of periodontal attachment loss and tooth loss; however, results have varied. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between periodontitis and osteoporosis among postmenopausal Jordanian women.Methods: This cross‐sectional study includes 400 Jordanian postmenopausal women with a mean age of 62.5 years (SD ± 6.4 years). These subjects were recruited from patients who had received a routine dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry examination in the Radiology Department, King Abdullah Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, between June 2008 and February 2009. The relationship between skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographic and clinical parameters of periodontal status, including the loss of alveolar crestal height (ACH), clinical attachment level, probing depth, and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing, was evaluated after controlling for known confounders.Results: Bivariate analyses revealed no significant differences in the severity and extent of clinical attachment and ACH loss among women with normal BMD, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. However, in the multivariate analysis, women with osteoporosis were more likely to have severe ACH loss (odds ratio [OR]: 4.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57 to 11.22) and periodontitis (OR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.38 to 4.34).Conclusion: Osteoporosis was significantly associated with severe alveolar crestal bone loss and the prevalence of periodontitis cases in postmenopausal Jordanian women.
Analysis of Complications Following Augmentation With Cancellous Block Allografts
Authors: Chaushu Gavriel , Mardinger Ofer , Peleg Michael , Ghelfan Oded , Nissan Joseph 
Published: August 2010

Background: Bone grafting may be associated with soft and hard tissue complications. Recipient site complications encountered using cancellous block allografts for ridge augmentation are analyzed.Methods: A total of 101 consecutive patients (62 females and 39 males; mean age 44 ± 17 years) were treated with implant‐supported restoration of 137 severe atrophic alveolar ridges augmented with cancellous bone‐block allografts. Alveolar ridge deficiency locations were classified as anterior maxilla (n = 58); posterior maxilla (n = 32 sinuses); posterior mandible (n = 32); and anterior mandible (n = 15). A total of 271 rough‐surface implants were placed. Recipient site complications associated with block grafting (infection, membrane exposure, incision line opening, perforation of mucosa over the grafted bone, partial graft failure, total graft failure, and implant failure) were recorded.Results: Partial and total bone‐block graft failure occurred in 10 (7%) and 11 (8%) of 137 augmented sites, respectively. Implant failure rate was 12 (4.4%) of 271. Soft tissue complications included membrane exposure (42 [30.7%] of 137); incision line opening (41 [30%] of 137); and perforation of the mucosa over the grafted bone (19 [14%] of 137). Infection of the grafted site occurred in 18 (13%) of 137 bone blocks. Alveolar ridge deficiency location had a statistically significant effect on the outcome of recipient site complications. More complications were noted in the mandible compared to the maxilla. Age and gender had no statistically significant effect.Conclusions: Failures caused by complications were rarely noted in association with cancellous block grafting. The incidence of complications in the mandible was significantly higher. Soft tissue complications do not necessarily result in total loss of cancellous block allograft.