bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NeuroD1 is required for survival of photoreceptors but not pinealocytes: Results from targeted gene deletion studies
Authors: Ochocinska Margaret J. , Muñoz Estela M. , Veleri Shobi , Weller Joan L. , Coon Steven L. , Pozdeyev Nikita , Michael Iuvone P. , Goebbels Sandra , Furukawa Takahisa , Klein David C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNeuroD1 encodes a basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor involved in the development of neural and endocrine structures, including the retina and pineal gland. To determine the effect of NeuroD1 knockout in these tissues, a Cre/loxP recombination strategy was used to target a NeuroD1 floxed gene and generate NeuroD1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Tissue specificity was conferred using Cre recombinase expressed under the control of the promoter of Crx, which is selectively expressed in the pineal gland and retina. At 2 months of age, NeuroD1 cKO retinas have a dramatic reduction in rod‐ and cone‐driven electroretinograms and contain shortened and disorganized outer segments; by 4 months, NeuroD1 cKO retinas are devoid of photoreceptors. In contrast, the NeuroD1 cKO pineal gland appears histologically normal. Microarray analysis of 2‐month‐old NeuroD1 cKO retina and pineal gland identified a subset of genes that were affected 2–100‐fold; in addition, a small group of genes exhibit altered differential night/day expression. Included in the down‐regulated genes are Aipl1, which is necessary to prevent retinal degeneration, and Ankrd33, whose protein product is selectively expressed in the outer segments. These findings suggest that NeuroD1 may act through Aipl1 and other genes to maintain photoreceptor homeostasis.
Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 signaling promotes oligodendrocyte myelination in vitro
Authors: Xiao Junhua , Ferner Anita H , Wong Agnes W , Denham Mark , Kilpatrick Trevor J , Murray Simon S 
Published: July 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 1167–1180.AbstractMultiple extracellular factors have been implicated in orchestrating myelination of the CNS; however, less is known about the intracellular signaling cascades that regulate this process. We have previously shown that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes oligodendrocyte myelination. Here, we screened for the activation of candidate signaling pathways in in vitro myelination assays and found that extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) signaling positively correlated with basal levels of oligodendrocyte myelination as well as BDNF‐induced myelination in vitro. By selectively manipulating Erk1/2 activation in oligodendrocytes in vitro, we found that constitutive activation of Erk1/2 significantly increased myelination, mimicking the promyelinating effect of BDNF, and also caused myelination to occur earlier. Conversely, selective inhibition of Erk1/2 in oligodendrocytes significantly reduced the basal level of myelination and blocked the promyelinating effect of BDNF. Analysis of myelinating spinal cord and corpus callosum white matter tracts revealed that the majority of mature oligodendrocytes are co‐labeled with phospho‐Erk1/2, whereas phospho‐Erk1/2 was rarely observed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Finally, the total level of phospho‐Erk1/2 correlated with myelin formation during the early postnatal period. Collectively, these data identify that Erk1/2 signaling within oligodendrocytes exerts an important and direct effect to promote myelination.
The association of statins plus LDL receptor‐targeted liposome‐encapsulated doxorubicin increases in vitro drug delivery across blood–brain barrier cells
Authors: Pinzón‐Daza ML , Garzón R , Couraud PO , Romero IA , Weksler B , Ghigo D , Bosia A , Riganti C 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The passage of drugs across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in brain tumours. For instance, the anticancer drug doxorubicin, which is effective against glioblastoma in vitro, has poor efficacy in vivo, because it is extruded by P‐glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance‐related proteins and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in BBB cells. The aim of this study was to convert poorly permeant drugs like doxorubicin into drugs able to cross the BBB.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experiments were performed on primary human cerebral microvascular endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells, alone and co‐cultured with human brain and epithelial tumour cells.KEY RESULTS Statins reduced the efflux activity of Pgp/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 in hCMEC/D3 cells by increasing the synthesis of NO, which elicits the nitration of critical tyrosine residues on these transporters. Statins also increased the number of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors exposed on the surface of BBB cells, as well as on tumour cells like human glioblastoma. We showed that the association of statins plus drug‐loaded nanoparticles engineered as LDLs was effective as a vehicle for non‐permeant drugs like doxorubicin to cross the BBB, allowing its delivery into primary and metastatic brain tumour cells and to achieve significant anti‐tumour cytotoxicity.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We suggest that our ‘Trojan horse’ approach, based on the administration of statins plus a LDL receptor‐targeted liposomal drug, might have potential applications in the pharmacological therapy of different brain diseases for which the BBB represents an obstacle.
Metamorphic evolution of non‐equilibrated granulitized eclogite from Punta de li Tulchi (Variscan Sardinia) determined through texturally controlled thermodynamic modelling
Authors: CRUCIANI G. , FRANCESCHELLI M. , GROPPO C. , SPANO M. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe metamorphic evolution of a granulitized eclogite from Punta de li Tulchi, NE Sardinia, Italy, reconstructed utilizing a combined microstructural (symplectitic, coronitic and kelyphytic features) and thermodynamic approach, involved a complex metamorphic history with equilibrium attained only at a domainal scale. Microstructural analysis and mineral zoning allow recognition of reactants and products involved in successive balanced mineral reactions. The P–T conditions at which each microstructure was formed are constrained by calculating isochemical phase diagrams (pseudosections) for the composition of effectively reacting domains. A pre‐symplectite stage developed during prograde metamorphism under conditions ranging from 660–680 °C, 1.6–1.8 GPa to 660–700 °C at 1.7–2.1 GPa. Pseudosections calculated for subsequent clinopyroxene + plagioclase and orthopyroxene + plagioclase symplectitic coronae using the composition of effectively reacting microdomains suggest temperature in excess of 800 °C and pressures of 1.0–1.3 GPa. Modelling the development of later plagioclase + amphibole coronae around garnet during decompression yields conditions of 730–830 °C and 0.8–1.1 GPa. H2O (wt%) isomodes indicate that the granulitized eclogites were H2O‐undersaturated at peak‐P conditions and during most of the subsequent heating and decompression. This allowed the preservation of prograde garnet zoning in spite of the strong granulite facies overprint. The P–T evolution of Punta de li Tulchi granulitized eclogite is very similar in shape to that registered by other NE Sardinia retrogressed eclogites thus suggesting a common tectonic scenario for their evolution.
Early Palaeozoic high‐pressure granulites from the Dunhuang block, northeastern Tarim Craton: constraints on continental collision in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: ZONG K. Q. , ZHANG Z. M. , HE Z. Y. , HU Z. C. , SANTOSH M. , LIU Y. S. , WANG W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the largest accretionary collages in the world, and records a prolonged sequence of subduction‐accretion and collision processes. The Tarim Craton is located at the southernmost margin of the CAOB. In this study, the discovery of early Palaeozoic high‐pressure (HP) granulites from the Dunhuang block in the northeastern Tarim Craton is reported, and these rocks are characterized through detailed petrological and geochronological studies. The peak mineral assemblage of the HP mafic granulite is garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + quartz + rutile, which is overprinted by amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphic assemblages. The calculated P–T conditions of the peak metamorphism are ∼1.4–1.7 GPa and ∼800 °C. The retrograde P–T conditions are ∼0.7 GPa and ∼700 °C. The metamorphic zircon grains from the HP mafic granulite show homogeneous CL‐images, low Th/U ratios and flat HREE patterns and yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 444 ± 5 Ma. The metamorphic zircon grains from the associated kyanite‐bearing garnet gneiss and garnet‐mica schist show a similar 206Pb/238U age of 429 ± 3 and 435 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The c. 440–430 Ma age is interpreted to mark the timing of HP granulite facies metamorphism in the Dunhuang block. The results from this study suggest that the Dunhuang block experienced continental subduction prior to the early Palaeozoic collisional orogeny between the northeastern Tarim Craton and the southern CAOB, and the Dunhuang area could be considered as the southward extension of the CAOB. It is suggested that the continental collision in the eastern part involving the Dunhuang block of the southern CAOB may have occurred c. 120 Ma earlier than in the western part involving the Tianshan orogen.
In‐Center Thrombolysis for Clotted AV Access: A Cohort Review
Authors: Umanath Kausik , Morrison Robert S. , Christopher Wilbeck J. , Schulman Gerald , Bream Peter , Dwyer Jamie P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThrombosis is the leading cause of arteriovenous (AV) access failure for hemodialysis patients requiring frequent interventions. We describe a novel approach to the lyse‐and‐wait technique in thrombosed AV access using nurse‐administered thrombolytics in a hospital‐based hemodialysis unit. All patients at a single‐center, large, urban, tertiary care hospital, who underwent in‐center thrombolysis via alteplase instilled directly into a thrombosed AV access by inpatient hemodialysis unit staff between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007, were eligible. Included subjects were at least 18 years old and did not have known or suspected infection or trauma to the AV access site. Primary outcome measure was successful thrombolysis defined as hemodialysis performed immediately or after the interventional radiology (IR) procedure. Adverse events related to the procedure were collected. A total of 321 procedures, performed on 145 subjects (77 (53%) male, 68 (47%) female) remained for analysis. Successful instillation occurred in 317 of 321 procedures (98.8%). Successful thrombolysis occurred in 237 of 321 procedures (73.8%). Adverse events (8 major and 10 minor) occurred in 18 procedures, yielding a complication rate of 5.6%. In‐center thrombolysis with alteplase administration by hemodialysis unit nursing staff under physician supervision is safe and effective with an adverse outcome rate similar to the literature. Thus, this modified lyse‐and‐wait protocol can be adopted with appropriate IR and surgical backup in place.
Schools, Their Spatial Distribution and Characteristics, and Fertility Limitation*
Authors: Brauner‐Otto Sarah R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article investigates the complex relationship between various dimensions of women's educational context and their contraceptive use later in life. Using data from rural Nepal on all the schools that ever existed in one community, I create geographically weighted measures of school characteristics—specifically teacher and student characteristics—that capture exposure to the complete array of schools and investigate the direct relationship between these dimensions of school characteristics and contraceptive use. These analyses provide new information on the broader issue of how social context influences the adoption of innovative behaviors by exploring the wide‐reaching effects of school characteristics on individuals. Findings show that the gender of teachers, the gender of other students, and the level of teacher education are all related to women's use of contraception; that increased exposure to these school characteristics throughout the study area, but not necessarily at the closest school, is related to higher rates of contraceptive use; and that school characteristics early in the life course can have long‐term consequences for individual behavior.
The Role of Social Capital in Educational Aspirations of Rural Youth*
Authors: Byun Soo‐yong , Meece Judith L. , Irvin Matthew J. , Hutchins Bryan C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDrawing on a recent national survey of rural high school students, this study investigated the relationship between social capital and educational aspirations of rural youth. Results showed that various process features of family and school social capital were important for predicting rural youths' educational aspirations beyond sociodemographic background. In particular, parents' and teachers' educational expectations for their child and student, respectively, were positively related to educational aspirations of rural youth. In addition, discussion with parents about college was positively related to educational aspirations of rural youth. On the other hand, there was little evidence to suggest that number of siblings and school proportions of students eligible for free lunch and minority students are related to educational aspirations of rural youth, after controlling for the other variables. We highlight unique features of rural families, schools, and communities that may combine to explain the complexity of the role of social capital in shaping educational aspirations of rural youth.
Bonding promotion of resin composite to silica‐coated zirconia implant surface using a novel silane system
Authors: Matinlinna Jukka P. , Choi Andy H. , Tsoi James Kit‐Hon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesBonding of restorative materials in dentistry may be enhanced significantly by the use of engineered silane blends. Trialkoxy silane esters have the unique property to unite dissimilar materials. Silanization is required when cementing the crown or the abutment on a silica‐coated zirconia subgingival implant surface with an organophosphate‐resin‐composite. In this laboratory study, we report about our latest findings in laboratory experiments on experimental silane primers.Material and methodsIn the adhesion promotion of resin‐composites to the zirconia implant surface using four experimental blends, a so‐called “Novel Silane System”, consisting of a functional silane (3‐acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3‐styrylethyltrimethoxysilane) and a cross‐linking silane, bis‐1,2‐(triethoxysilyl)ethane, were mixed in a water/ethanol solvent system with a pH of 4.5, and applied onto silica‐coated planar zirconia specimens. A resin composite stub (with a bonding area diameter of 2.0 mm) was cemented using a polypropylene mold. Initial shear bond strengths (baseline values) were measured of specimens after dry storage and after thermo‐cycling between 5.0 ± 0.5°C and 55.0 ± 0.5°C. As the control was a dental prehydrolyzed ready‐to‐use silane product.ResultsAll the values for shear bond strength test were significantly increased (P > 0.05) during thermo‐cycling. The results showed that the highest shear bond strength was obtained for 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane +bis‐1,2‐(triethoxysilyl)ethane in both dry and thermo‐cycled conditions with stress values of 11.04 and 14.89 MPa, respectively. The lowest values were found for the control silane in both dry and thermo‐cycled conditions with stress values of 4.5 and 6.5 MPa, respectively.ConclusionSilanization with a novel silane system yielded significantly higher shear bond strength than the control silane (a 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane containing). We have introduced a bonding system that might be useful and durable in implant dentistry.
Osteocyte lacunar density and area in newly formed bone of the augmented sinus
Authors: Kuchler Ulrike , Pfingstner Gerd , Busenlechner Dieter , Dobsak Toni , Reich Karoline , Heimel Patrick , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesOsteocytes, the most common cells of the bone, are buried in lacunae. Density and area of the osteocyte lacunae change with increasing maturation of the newly formed bone. Evaluation of osteocyte lacunae can therefore provide insights into the process of graft consolidation.Materials and MethodsHere, we determined the osteocyte lacunar density (number of osteocyte lacunae per bone area; N.Ot/BAr) and the osteocyte lacunar area in μm2 (Lac.Ar) in histological specimens 6 and 12 weeks after the sinuses of 10 minipigs were augmented with Bio‐Oss®, a deproteinized bovine bone mineral, and Ostim®, an aqueous paste of synthetic nanoparticular hydroxyapatite. The region of interest was defined by the following criteria: (i) >1 mm from the host bone, (ii) >0.5 mm from the sinus mucosa, (iii) minimum area of 0.2 mm2, and (iv) bone tissue spanning at least two bone substitute particles.ResultsThe overall osteocyte lacunar density was significantly higher in the Bio‐Oss® group than in the Ostim® group and decreased during the observation period at a similar range in both groups. The osteocyte lacunar area was smaller in the Bio‐Oss® group than the Ostim® group but there was no significant change within the groups over time.ConclusionsThese results suggest that bone substitutes affect the osteocyte lacunar density and the osteocyte lacunar area in the newly formed bone within the augmented sinus in this particular model situation. These measures can provide insights into the maturation of newly formed bone in the augmented sinus.
A simple method for lower lip reconstruction after trauma using an advancement mucosal flap from the remaining lip
Authors: Liu Ming‐Yueh , Sapountzis Stamatis , Choong Mun‐Yau , Li Tzong‐Shiun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe traumatic injury of lower lip is a frequent clinical condition, and quite often, the soft tissue loss makes the reconstruction of lower lip's defect a challenging procedure. Many methods have been described to reconstruct these defects; however, most of them lack simplicity and require advance experience in flap surgery. In this report, a simple technique is presented for lower lip reconstruction following traumatic injury using an advancement mucosal flap from the remaining lower lip. With this method pleasant cosmetic result can be achieved.
Influence of smear layer removal and application mode of MTA on the marginal adaptation in immature teeth: a SEM analysis
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina , Nunes Eduardo , Fonseca Ana Abras , Cortes Maria Ilma , Horta Martinho Campolina , Silveira Frank Ferreira 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study was an ex vivo evaluation of the marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical barrier using teeth with an open apex and scanning electron microscopy.Materials and methodsEighteen single‐rooted human teeth were used. An artificial open apex was created using Gates Glidden drills #6–1 in a crown‐down manner until the #1 bur passed through the foramen. A 1.36‐mm divergent open apex was created at the foramen by retrograde apical transportation using a #40 Profile 0.6 taper instrument inserted to the length of the cutting blade. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 4), and two teeth served as controls. The GI = mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was placed as a 5‐mm‐thick apical barrier without removal of the smear layer; GII = MTA was placed with indirect ultrasonic activation; GIII = apical plug was placed after removal of the smear layer without indirect ultrasonic activation; and GIV = MTA was placed with indirect ultrasonic activation, but the smear layer had been previously removed. The root apices were visualized with SEM (1000×), and 12 predetermined material/dentine interface points were measured (gaps). One‐way anova and Bonferroni's post hoc tests were used to compare the linear measurements of the gaps between the groups.Results
GIV had the lowest gap when compared with other groups, and no statistical differences were found among GI, GII, and GIII.ConclusionsThe technique of MTA placement using passive ultrasonic vibration in association with smear layer removal improved the marginal adaptation of the material.
Bone augmentation and autogenous transplantation of premolar to the site of the fissure in a cleft palate patient
Authors: Luvizuto Eloá R. , Faco Eduardo F. S. , Faco Renato S. , Queiroz Thallita P. , Margonar Rogerio , Betoni‐Júnior Walter , Camara Kléryo A. S. , Assunção Wirley G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article presents a case report of autogenous tooth transplantation to the site of the fissure, in addition to bone augmentation with graft of autogenous bone harvested from the iliac crest, performed in a cleft palate patient, who had insufficient bone volume. A non‐syndromic 10‐year‐old girl, with a unilateral cleft lip and palate, incisal transforamen fissures, agenesis of the maxillary left central incisor and both maxillary lateral incisors, was treated with autogenous bone graft in the cleft area. The orthodontic treatment plan was to replace the missing lateral incisors with the maxillary canines and to extract the mandibular first premolars. One of the mandibular premolars was extracted from its site with 2/3 of its root formation completed and transplanted to the maxillary left central incisor area. After orthodontic treatment, the anatomic crowns were characterized with composite resin. Autogenous tooth transplantation can be performed in the area of the fissure in young cleft palate patients, by performing bone graft augmentation before transplantation of the tooth, to gain sufficient recipient alveolar bone volume. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the success of this clinical procedure, especially in cleft palate patients.
Dental trauma in patients with maxillofacial fractures
Authors: Zhou Hai‐Hua , Ongodia David , Liu Qi , Yang Rong‐Tao , Li Zu‐Bing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the correlation between dental injuries and the pattern of maxillofacial fractures. The correlation with age, gender, trauma mechanism and type of maxillofacial fracture was also investigated.Materials and methodsFrom January 2000 to December 2009, 1131 patients with facial fractures were registered. Of these, 473 presented with associated dental trauma. The information and data collected and analyzed included: age, gender, mechanism of injury, type of facial fracture, type of dental injury, and the relationship between dental injury and facial fracture.ResultsDental injury was sustained by 473 patients (41.8%), with a total of 2215 injured teeth. Of the 2215 injured teeth, 1191 (53.8%) were in the maxilla and 1024 (46.2%) in the mandible. Fall from a height had the highest risk of dental injuries (OR = 4.145, P = 0.002). The central incisor was the most injured tooth for both the maxilla (388, 36.2%) and mandible (284, 27.7%). The most common type of dental injury was avulsion (1070, 47.4%). More anterior teeth in the maxilla were of crown fracture, avulsion, and intrusion than that in the mandible, whereas more anterior teeth in the mandible were of subluxation and concussion than that in the maxilla. Dental injuries were more prone to occur in patients who sustained only symphysis fractures (OR = 2.817, P < 0.001), only 0.236‐fold risk in patients who sustained only mandible angle fracture (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe occurrence of dental trauma is significantly related to the pattern and position of the maxillofacial fractures.