bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of high‐precision continuous measurements of water vapor isotopologues in laboratory and remote field deployments using wavelength‐scanned cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (WS‐CRDS) technology
Authors: Gupta Priya , Noone David , Galewsky Joseph , Sweeney Colm , Vaughn Bruce H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study demonstrates the application of Wavelength‐Scanned Cavity Ring‐Down Spectroscopy (WS‐CRDS) technology which is used to measure the stable isotopic composition of water. This isotopic water analyzer incorporates an evaporator system that allows liquid water as well as water vapor to be measured with high precision. The analyzer can measure HO, HO and HD16O content of the water sample simultaneously. The results of a laboratory test and two field trials with this analyzer are described. The results of these trials show that the isotopic water analyzer gives precise, accurate measurements with little or no instrument drift for the two most common isotopologues of water. In the laboratory the analyzer has a precision of 0.5 per mil forδD and 0.1 per mil forδ18O which is similar to the precision obtained by laboratory‐based isotope ratio mass spectrometers. In the field, when measuring vapor samples, the analyzer has a precision of 1.0 per mil forδD and 0.2 per mil forδ18O. These results demonstrate that the isotopic water analyzer is a powerful tool that is appropriate for use in a wide range of applications and environments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic characteristics of the Garonne River and its tributaries
Authors: Lambs Luc , Brunet Frédéric , Probst Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Garonne is the largest river in the south‐west of France, and its drainage basin stretches between the Pyrénées and the Massif Central mountains. Until now, no water stable isotope study has been performed on the whole Garonne river basin which is composed of different geological substrata, and where the water resources are limited during the dry summer period. This study focuses on the Garonne river and its tributaries from the Pyrénées foothill upstream to its confluence with the Lot River downstream. The aim of the study is to determine the origins of the surface waters using their chemical and stable isotopic compositions (18O, D and 13C), to better understand their circulation within the drainage basin and to assess the anthropogenic influences. The Garonne displays a specific 18O seasonal effect, and keeps its Pyrénean characteristics until its confluence with the Tarn River. The difference in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) comes mainly from the change in lithology between the Pyrénées and the Massif Central mountains. Agriculture activity is only detected in the small tributaries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular turnover time of soil organic matter in particle‐size fractions of an arable soil
Authors: Bol Roland , Poirier Natacha , Balesdent Jérôme , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe composition and molecular residence time of soil organic matter (SOM) in four particle‐size fractions (POM >200 µm, POM 63–200 µm, silt and clay) were determined using Curie‐point pyrolysis/gas chromatography coupled on‐line to mass spectrometry. The fractions were isolated from soils, either continuously with a C3 wheat (soil 13C value = −26.4‰), or transferred to a C4 maize (soil 13C value = −20.2‰) cropping system 23 years ago. Pyrograms contained up to 45 different pyrolysis peaks; 37 (ca. 85%) were identifiable compounds. Lignins and carbohydrates dominated the POM fractions, proteins were abundant, but lignin was (nearly) absent in the silt and clay fractions. The mean turnover time (MRT) for the pyrolysis products in particulate organic matter (POM) was generally <15 years (fast C pool) and 20–300 years (medium or slow C pools) in silt and clay fractions. Methylcyclopentenone (carbohydrate) in the clay fraction and benzene (mixed source) in the silt fraction exhibited the longest MRTs, 297 and 159 years, respectively. Plant‐derived organic matter was not stored in soils, but was transformed to microbial remains, mainly in the form of carbohydrates and proteins and held in soil by organo‐mineral interactions. Selective preservation of plant‐derived OM (i.e. lignin) based on chemical recalcitrance was not observed in these arable soils. Association/presence of C with silt or clays in soils clearly increased MRT values, but in an as yet unresolved manner (i.e. ‘truly’ stabilized, or potentially still ‘labile’ but just not accessible C). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of mineral water resources from the Eastern Carpathians using stable isotopes
Authors: Magdas Dana A. , Cuna Stela M. , Berdea Petre , Balas Gabriela , Cuna Cornel , Dordai Edina , Falub Mihaela C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Eastern Carpathians contain many mineral water springs that feed famous Romanian health resorts such as Borsec, Biborteni and Vatra Dornei. These waters have been used for their different therapeutic effects. In this work, mineral and spring waters from these Romanian regions were investigated by means of chemical and isotopic (δD and δ18O) analyses in order to understand the recharge mechanisms and also to determine their origins. Most of the investigated springs are of meteoric origin, having the average deuterium content of the local meteoric water. The higher 18O content with respect to the Meteoric Water Line (MWL) indicated an exchange reaction with crystalline igneous rocks at depth and with other rocks that the water encounters on its journey back to the surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A process algebraic framework for specification and validation of real-time systems
Authors: Sherif Adnan , Cavalcanti Ana , Jifeng He , Sampaio Augusto 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFollowing the trend to combine techniques to cover several facets of the development of modern systems, an integration of Z and CSP, calledCircus, has been proposed as a refinement language; its relational model, based on the unifying theories of programming (UTP), justifies refinement in the context of both Z and CSP. In this paper, we introduceCircus Time, a timed extension ofCircus, and present a new UTP time theory, which we use to give semantics toCircus Timeand to validate some of its laws. In addition, we provide a framework for validation of timed programs based on FDR, the CSP model-checker. In this technique, a syntactic transformation strategy is used to split a timed program into two parallel components: an untimed program that uses timer events, and a collection of timers. We show that, with the timer events, it is possible to reason about time properties in the untimed language, and so, using FDR. Soundness is established using a Galois connection between the untimed UTP theory ofCircus(and CSP) and our time theory.
Generating certified code from formal proofs: a case study in homological algebra
Authors: Aransay Jesús , Ballarin Clemens , Rubio Julio 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

We apply current theorem proving technology to certified code in the domain of abstract algebra. More concretely, based on a formal proof of the
Basic Perturbation Lemma
(a central result in homological algebra) in the prover Isabelle/HOL, we apply various code generation techniques, which lead to certified implementations of the associated algorithm in ML. In the formal proof, algebraic structures occurring in the Basic Perturbation Lemma are represented in a way, which is not directly amenable to code generation with the available tools. Interestingly, this representation is required in the proof, while for the algorithm simpler data structures are sufficient. Our approach is to establish a link between the non-executable setting of the proof and the executable representation in the algorithm, which is to be generated. This correspondence is established within the logical framework of Isabelle/HOL—that is, it is formally proved correct. The generated code is applied to and illustrated with a number of examples.
Healing of Stoma Orifices: Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Study Comparing Calcium Alginate Mesh and Polyvidone Iodine Mesh
Authors: Brehant Olivier , Pessaux Patrick , Regenet Nicolas , Tuech Jean Jacques , Panaro Fabrizio , Mantion Georges , Tassetti Vincent , Lehur Paul Antoine , Arnaud Jean Pierre 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this multicenter, randomized, prospective study was to reveal a difference in terms of a guided healing period in the case of stoma orifices after reestablishing digestive continuity by comparing an alginate mesh with a polyvidone iodine mesh.MethodsBetween April 2004 and September 2005, a total of 73 patients were randomized into two groups: A (alginate mesh) and M (polyvidone iodine mesh). The groups were comparable for demographic data, indications for and the type of stoma, and perioperative data. The main evaluation criterion was percentage healing at the 28th postoperative day (D28); and the secondary criteria were healing time, rate of infectious complications, and number of dressing changes applied.ResultsThe mean percentage healing at D28 was 91% in group A and 87% in group M (p = 0.49). The mean healing time was 31 days in group A and 32 days in group M (p = 0.80). One parietal abscess (3%) occurred in group A (p = 0.37). The mean number of meshes used was 13 ± 5 in group A and 18 ± 8 in group M (p < 0.005).ConclusionThe use of an alginate mesh for guided healing of stoma orifices after reestablishing digestive continuity allows effective healing within a normal period of time with a lower number of meshes.
An Evaluation of Morbidity and Mortality in Oncologic Gastric Surgery with the Application of POSSUM, P‐POSSUM, and O‐POSSUM
Authors: Luna Alexis , Rebasa Pere , Navarro Salvador , Montmany Sandra , Coroleu David , Cabrol Joan , Colomer Oscar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of surgical results observed in oncologic gastric surgery with reference to estimation of risks through POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity), P‐POSSUM (Portsmouth POSSUM), and O‐POSSUM (regression model based on the POSSUM and P‐POSSUM, especially designed for gastric and esophagus surgery).MethodsA prospective follow‐up of a cohort of 106 consecutive patients, gastrectomized because of gastric cancer. The variables studied were: age, sex, technical surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, the Charlson comorbidity index, morbidity, and mortality.ResultsFrom January 2004 to April 2008, 131 patients were operated on for gastric neoplasia. Of these, 28 patients were excluded: 5 because of nonstandard gastrectomy, 17 because of staging laparoscopy or unresectable cancer after laparotomy, and 3 because of palliative gastroenteroanastomosis; 106 patients were included. We performed 38 total gastrectomies, 65 distal gastrectomies, 2 esophagogastrectomies, and 1 proximal gastrectomy. The mean age was 68 years (standard deviation (SD) = 12.1; range, 34–85 years). Associated comorbidity (Charlson) was 5.4 (SD = 2.7; range, 2–16); ASA 1 at 1.9%; ASA 2 at 36.8%; ASA 3 at 43.4%; and ASA 4 at 17.9%. Expected morbidity, according to POSSUM was 46.7%; observed morbidity was 50.5%. Morbidity ratio observed/expected was 1.08. Expected mortality, according to POSSUM = 13%, according to P‐POSSUM = 4.9%, and according to O‐POSSUM = 12.1%. Observed mortality was 7.8%. Mortality ratio observed/expected according to POSSUM, P‐POSSUM, O‐POSSUM was 0.6, 1.6, and 0.6, respectively. Morbidity results were within the confidence interval of the POSSUM estimation. Our results show lower mortality than the POSSUM and the O‐POSSUM estimation (P < 0.001) and higher mortality regarding P‐POSSUM estimation (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe control systems of risk allow us continuous evaluation of our results and objective comparison to other teams. Compared with the POSSUM scoring systems, our series showed quality improvement (morbidity and mortality) over time.
Surgical Education in Mexico
Authors: Cervantes Jorge 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSurgical education in Mexico basically follows the same model as in the United States, with a selection process resembling the matching program. There is a 4‐year training period during which residents in their third year spend 4 months as the sole surgeon in a rural community. During the senior year they are entitled to an elective period in a place of their choosing. After completion of the 4 years, residents have to present a thesis and undergo an oral examination before getting a university diploma. They are then encouraged to pass the written and oral examination of the Mexican Board of Surgery before they are fully certified to enter practice in a public or private hospital.
Factors Related to Preoperative Assessment of the Circumferential Resection Margin and the Extent of Mesorectal Invasion by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Comparison Study
Authors: Kim Young‐Wan , Cha Seung‐Whan , Pyo Juyon , Kim Nam‐Kyu , Min Byung‐Soh , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Kim Hoguen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to identify factors related to inaccurate prediction of circumferential resection margin (CRM) and the extent of mesorectal invasion (EMI) in T3 tumors by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer.MethodsA total of 66 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled prospectively in this study. CRM was defined as the distance from the outer tumor margin to the mesorectal fascia, and EMI was defined as the distance from the outer surface of the muscularis propria to the outermost tumor margin. CRM and EMI measurements on MRI were compared with corresponding measurements from whole‐mount sections using 1‐mm and 5‐mm reference values, respectively, as prognostic indicators. The following variables were analyzed for relevance to preoperative staging: tumor distance from the anal verge (lower and middle), tumor location (anterior and posterior), tumor (T) and nodal (N) stage, and the thickness of the perirectal fat (anterior, left, right, and posterior positions).ResultsMRI correctly predicted CRM status in 57 of the 66 tumors and EMI status in 51 of the 58 tumors (eight T1 tumors were excluded from EMI analysis). Univariate analysis showed that T3 stage, lymph node involvement, anterior tumor location, and thin perirectal fat thickness at the anterior portion were related to incorrect prediction of CRM. Anterior tumor location and thin perirectal fat thickness at the anterior portion were related to incorrect prediction of EMI.ConclusionsPreoperative chemoradiation can be accurately guided by preoperative MRI staging, but CRM and EMI in anterior rectal tumor should be interpreted with caution.
Rainfall extremes explain interannual shifts in timing and synchrony of calving in topi and warthog
Authors: Ogutu Joseph O. , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Dublin Holly T. , Bhola Nina , Reid Robin S. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that ungulates time and synchronize births to match gestation and lactation with peak food availability and quality in seasonal environments, using ground counts of topi and warthog conducted over 174 months (July 1989–December 2003) in the Mara–Serengeti ecosystem. During this 15‐year period, 2,725 newborn and 45,574 adult female topi and 933 newborn and 7,831 adult warthogs were recorded. Births were distinctly synchronized in both species but far less so than in ungulates in temperate regions. Extreme droughts delayed onset and reduced synchrony of calving and natality rates but high rainfall advanced onset and increased synchrony of calving and natality rates in both species, supporting the seasonality hypothesis. Annual shifts in birth peaks were significantly negatively correlated with the preceding wet season rainfall. Varying the timing and synchrony of births and natality rates are widespread but little understood adaptations of ungulates to climatic extremes. Climate change heightens the need for advancing this understanding because increasing frequency and severity of droughts is likely to decouple phenology of breeding in seasonally breeding ungulates from that in their food plants. Similar studies of African ungulates are either extremely rare or non‐existent. New approaches to estimating the time of peak births and its confidence limits and the degree of synchrony of breeding are also presented.
Bioconjugates of Glucose Oxidase and Gold Nanorods Based on Electrostatic Interaction with Enhanced Thermostability
Authors: Ma Zhanfang , Ding Teng 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Bioconjugates made up of an enzyme and gold nanorods (GNRs) were fabricated by electrostatic interactions (layer-by-layer method, LBL) between anionic glucose oxidase (GOD) and positively charged GNRs. The assembled processes were monitored by UV–Vis spectra, zeta potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The enzyme activity assays of the obtained bioconjugates display a relatively enhanced thermostability behavior in contrast with that of free enzyme. Free GOD in solution only retains about 22% of its relative activity at 90 °C. Unexpectedly, the immobilized GOD on GNRs still retains about 39.3% activity after the same treatment. This work will be of significance for the biologic enhancement using other kinds of anisotropic nanostructure and suggests a new way of enhancing enzyme thermostability using anisotropic metal nanomaterials.
Karl Polanyi in Budapest: On his Political and Intellectual Formation
Authors: Dale Gareth 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA major thinker and inspiring teacher, Karl Polanyi's contributions have long been influential in a variety of disciplines, notably economic sociology and economic history. Two of his innovations, substantivist economic anthropology and the “double movement thesis,” are recognized as seminal. All of the works for which he is known, however, were written late in life, when in exile, and very little is known of his Hungarian writings, virtually none of which had, until now, been translated. Despite his fame, the biographical literature on Polanyi remains modest: some studies provide invaluable insights, yet all are brief. This article attempts to make some headway in remedying these lacunae. It sketches the contours of that extraordinary historical-geographical conjuncture in which he was formed, and explores his intellectual and political engagements in the Galilei Circle and the Radical Bourgeois Party. It seeks in particular to elucidate the complex roles played by questions of nation, ethnicity and class in the life of the young Karl Polanyi.
Dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy in a Mediterranean country
Authors: Serra-Majem Lluís , Bes-Rastrollo Maira , Román-Viñas Blanca , Pfrimer Karina , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena , Martínez-González Miguel A. 
Published: July 2009

Dietary patterns have been related to health outcomes and morbi-mortality. Mediterranean diet indexes are correlated with adequate nutrient intake. The objective of the present study was to analyse the adequacy of nutrient intake ofa posterioridefined Mediterranean (MDP) and Western (WDP) diet patterns in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. A sample of 17 197 subjects participated in the study. Participants completed a 136-item validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Principal component analysis was used to define dietary patterns. Individuals were classified according to quintiles of adherence based on dietary pattern scores. Non-dietary variables, such as smoking and physical activity habits, were also taken into account. The probability approach was used to assess nutrient intake adequacy of certain vitamins (vitamins B12, B6, B3, B2, B1, A, C, D and E) and minerals (Na, Zn, iodine, Se, folic acid, P, Mg, K, Fe and Ca). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the adequacy of nutrient intake according to adherence to dietary patterns. WDP and MDP were defined. A higher quintile of adherence to an MDP was associated to a lower prevalence of inadequacy for the intake of Zn, iodine, vitamin E, Mg, Fe, vitamin B1, vitamin A, Se, vitamin C and folic acid. The adjusted OR for not reaching at least six (or at least ten) nutrient recommendations were 0·09 (95 % CI: 0·07, 0·11) (and 0·02 (95 % CI: 0·00, 0·16)) for the upper quintile of MDP and 4·4 (95 % CI: 3·6, 5·5) and 2·5 (95 % CI: 1·1, 5·4) for the WDP. The MDP was associated to a better profile of nutrient intake.
How to find information on national food and nutrient consumption surveys across Europe: systematic literature review and questionnaires to selected country experts are both good strategies
Authors: Blanquer Maria , García-Álvarez Alicia , Ribas-Barba Lourdes , Wijnhoven Trudy M. A. , Tabacchi Garden , Gurinovic Mirjana , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: July 2009

The present research was conducted within the framework of the EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned project. In order to identify the best practice in assessing nutrient intakes, a search strategy for collecting data from national food consumption surveys/studies in Europe was developed. Systematic literature searches were carried out on twenty-eight European and the four European Free Trade Association countries. A questionnaire was also sent to two to five experts in each country. Systematic reviews using PubMed yielded 12 703 abstracts that were reduced to 200 studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Similarly, a search of ministry web sites yielded 3033 hits, and subsequently reduced to nine surveys. Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Spain and the United Kingdom were the countries with most data and Slovenia and Liechtenstein were those with the least. Seventy-eight expert questionnaires were obtained from all countries except for Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Slovakia. Detailed results and references are given. A systematic search and questionnaires are equally good at identifying national surveys across countries. Literature searching provides globally accessible and objective information albeit limited, whereas the questionnaire provides information that, depending upon responders, can be more complete. A combination of both strategies is recommended.