bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ErbB3 Ablation Impairs PI3K/Akt-Dependent Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Cook Rebecca S. , Garrett Joan T. , Sánchez Violeta , Stanford Jamie C. , Young Christian , Chakrabarty Anindita , Rinehart Cammie , Zhang Yixian , Wu Yaming , Greenberger Lee , Horak Ivan D. , Arteaga Carlos L. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The ErbB receptor family member ErbB3 has been implicated in breast cancer growth, but it has yet to be determined whether its disruption is therapeutically valuable. In a mouse model of mammary carcinoma driven by the polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) oncogene, the ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib reduced the activation of ErbB3 and Akt as well as tumor cell growth. In this phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent tumor model, ErbB2 is part of a complex containing PyVmT, p85 (PI3K), and ErbB3, that is disrupted by treatment with lapatinib. Thus, full engagement of PI3K/Akt by ErbB2 in this oncogene-induced mouse tumor model may involve its ability to dimerize with and phosphorylate ErbB3, which itself directly binds PI3K. In this article, we report that ErbB3 is critical for PI3K/Akt-driven tumor formation triggered by the PyVmT oncogene. Tissue-specific, Cre-mediated deletion of ErbB3 reduced Akt phosphorylation, primary tumor growth, and pulmonary metastasis. Furthermore, EZN-3920, a chemically stabilized antisense oligonucleotide that targets the ErbB3 mRNA in vivo, produced similar effects while causing no toxicity in the mouse model. Our findings offer further preclinical evidence that ErbB3 ablation may be therapeutically effective in tumors where ErbB3 engages PI3K/Akt signaling. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3941–51. ©2011 AACR.
Frequency and Predictors of Stent Thrombosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dangas George D. , Caixeta Adriano , Mehran Roxana , Parise Helen , Lansky Alexandra J. , Cristea Ecaterina , Brodie Bruce R. , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Guagliumi Giulio , Peruga Jan Z. , Dudek Dariusz , Möeckel Martin , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: April 2011

Background—
Concerns persist regarding the risk of stent thrombosis in the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

The Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial included 3602 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention who were randomized to heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) (n=1802) versus bivalirudin monotherapy (n=1800). Stents were implanted in 3202 patients, including 2261 who received drug-eluting stents and 861 who received only bare metal stents. Definite or probable stent thrombosis within 2 years occurred in 137 patients (4.4%), including 28 acute events (0.9%), 49 subacute events (1.6%), 32 late events (1.0%), and 33 very late events (1.1%). The 2-year cumulative rates of stent thrombosis were 4.4% with both drug-eluting stents and bare metal stents (
P
=0.98) and 4.3% versus 4.6% in patients randomized to bivalirudin monotherapy versus heparin plus a GPI, respectively (
P
=0.73). Acute stent thrombosis occurred more frequently in patients assigned to bivalirudin compared with heparin plus a GPI (1.4% versus 0.3%;
P
<0.001), whereas stent thrombosis after 24 hours occurred less frequently in patients with bivalirudin compared with heparin plus a GPI (2.8% versus 4.4%;
P
=0.02). Prerandomization heparin and a 600-mg clopidogrel loading dose were independent predictors of reduced acute and subacute stent thrombosis, respectively.

Conclusions—
Stent thrombosis is not uncommon within the first 2 years after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and occurs with similar frequency in patients receiving drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents and bivalirudin alone versus heparin plus a GPI. Optimizing adjunct pharmacology including early antithrombin therapy preloading with a potent antiplatelet therapy may further reduce stent thrombosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Clinical Trial Registration:—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00433966.
Socrates And The Patients: Republic IX, 583c-585a
Authors: Warren James 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRepublic IX 583c-585a presents something surprisingly unusual in ancient accounts of pleasure and pain: an argument in favour of the view that there are three relevant hedonic states: pleasure, pain, and an intermediate. The argument turns on the proposal that a person’s evaluation of their current state may be misled by a comparison with a prior or subsequent state. The argument also refers to ‘pure’ and anticipated pleasures. The brief remarks in the Republic may appear cursory or clumsy in comparison with the Philebus, but this appearance is misleading. Rather, they are part of a neat dialectical argument against a potentially troubling set of opponents. Socrates’ use of a topological analogy at 584d3-585a7 rounds off this section by clarifying and illustrating his position, preparing the ground for the final explanation of the pleasantness of the philosophical life at 585a-587c.
Delphi and Jerusalem: Two Spirits or Holy Spirit? A Review of John R. Levison’s Filled with the Spirit
Authors: Shelton James B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractLevison presents a sweeping panoramic overview of the Holy Spirit throughout Scripture while noting significant Greco-Roman, Jewish, and Christian parallels. The Spirit is the life force animating humans, the agent of regeneration, and the source of prophetic inspiration and power. Levison identifies distinct pneumatological trajectories that show a continuity in the Spirit traditions that are clarified and enhanced as they move through the Christian tradition. But how indebted is the Church to Greco-Roman spirit-concepts for her pneumatology?
A Critical Comparison of the Main Compensation Mechanism for Victims of Natural Catastrophes in Belgium and the Netherlands. With a Law and Economics Twist
Authors: Bruggeman Véronique 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe yearly increase in the number of natural catastrophes is tangible and most probably to persist. It is therefore necessary to build a legal framework that can respond timely and efficiently to events of this scale by formulating a structural, comprehensive and efficient compensation model. This article aims, first, at giving policymakers and legal scholars some clear starting points for setting up such a compensation model to the victims of a natural catastrophe. The article will, second, sketch the compensation systems in Belgium and the Netherlands, discussing only the main compensation regime specifically designed for victims of natural catastrophes. Third and finally, these two systems will be compared using the insights from the economic analysis of law.
Revisiting Cold War Propaganda: Close Readings of Chinese and American Film Representations of the Korean War
Authors: Pickowicz Paul 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNo doubt the most memorable 1950s American propaganda film on the Korean War was Pork Chop Hill (1959), directed by Lewis Milestone, who made the anti-war classic All Quiet on the Western Front (1930). The most popular and influential on the Chinese side was Shangganling (The Battle of Sangkumryung Ridge or The Battle of Triangle Hill; 1956). Both deal with a single battle in which a small, dedicated unit is seen defending a remote hill top in the face of an overwhelming enemy onslaught. Their purpose was to convey political messages and teach long-term lessons to members of the audience well after the Korean War was over. But a shot by shot and character by character comparison and close reading reveals both parallels and differences.
The Contract of Language: John Searle's Philosophy of Society
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn Making the Social World, John Searle develops what he calls a "philosophy of society", which explores the ontological status and logical structure of institutional facts like universities and baseball games. This philosophy of society crucially depends on Searle's earlier work in the philosophy of language and mind. In this review, I discuss some aspects of Searle's theory of institutional facts as structured in terms of declaratives that are most relevant to working linguists, like the relation of language to other social institutions, the emergence of normativity in language, the articulation of (legitimate and illegitimate) power in language usage, and the question of whether there should be any restrictions on the allegedly universal human right to free speech.
Examination of POLDER/PARASOL and MODIS/Aqua Cloud Fractions and Properties Representativeness
Authors: Zeng Shan , Parol Frédéric , Riedi Jérôme , Cornet Céline , Thieuleux François 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences Coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) and Aqua are two satellites on sun-synchronous orbits in the A-Train constellation. Aboard these two platforms, the Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) provide quasi simultaneous and coincident observations of cloud properties. The similar orbits but different detecting characteristics of these two sensors call for a comparison between the derived datasets to identify and quantify potential uncertainties in retrieved cloud properties.
To focus on the differences due to different sensor spatial resolution and coverage, while minimizing sampling and weighting issues, the authors have recomputed monthly statistics directly from the respective official level-2 products. The authors have developed a joint dataset that contains both POLDER and MODIS level-2 cloud products collocated on a common sinusoidal grid. The authors have then computed and analyzed monthly statistics of cloud fractions corresponding either to the total cloud cover or to the “retrieved” cloud fraction for which cloud optical properties are derived. These simple yet crucial cloud statistics need to be clearly understood to allow further comparison work of the other cloud parameters.
From this study, it is demonstrated that on average POLDER and MODIS datasets capture correctly the main characteristics of global cloud cover and provide similar spatial distributions and temporal variations. However, each sensor has its own advantages and weaknesses in discriminating between clear and cloudy skies in particular situations. Also it is shown that significant differences exist between the MODIS total cloud fraction (day mean) and the “retrieved” cloud fraction (combined mean). This study found a global negative difference of about 10% between POLDER and MODIS day-mean cloud fraction. On the contrary, a global positive difference of about 10% exists between POLDER and MODIS combined-mean cloud fraction. These statistical biases show both global and regional distributions that can be driven by sensors characteristics, environmental factors, and also carry potential information on cloud cover structure. These results provide information on the quality of cloud cover derived from POLDER and MODIS and should be taken into account for the use of other cloud products.
Global Modes of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in Relation to Regional Climate Indices
Authors: Messié Monique , Chavez Francisco 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A century-long EOF analysis of global sea surface temperature (SST) was carried out and the first six modes, independent by construction, were found to be associated with well-known regional climate phenomena: the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), El Niño Modoki, and the Atlantic El Niño. Four of the six global modes are dominated by Pacific changes, the other two (M2 and M6) being associated with the AMO and Atlantic El Niño, respectively. The principal component time series of the ENSO (M1) and North Pacific (M3) modes are coherent at time scales &gt;10 yr, and their interaction results in the traditional PDO pattern and the dominant mode of Pacific multidecadal variability. The M3 and PDO time series are well correlated, but the EOFs have different spatial patterns. The fourth mode (M4) has been strengthening since the 1950s and is related to the NPGO but also to El Niño Modoki, especially at the decadal scale. The fifth global mode (M5) is also spatially and temporally correlated to El Niño Modoki. The Pacific SST modes are further related to atmospheric forcing and the circulation of the North Pacific subpolar and subtropical gyres.
Atmospheric Climate Change Detection by Radio Occultation Data Using a Fingerprinting Method
Authors: Lackner Bettina C. , Steiner Andrea K. , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Kirchengast Gottfried 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The detection of climate change signals in rather short satellite datasets is a challenging task in climate research and requires high-quality data with good error characterization. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) provides a novel record of high-quality measurements of atmospheric parameters of the upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere (UTLS) region. Because of characteristics such as long-term stability, self calibration, and a very good height resolution, RO data are well suited to investigate atmospheric climate change. This study describes the signals of ENSO and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the data and investigates whether the data already show evidence of a forced climate change signal, using an optimal-fingerprint technique. RO refractivity, geopotential height, and temperature within two trend periods (1995–2010 intermittently and 2001–10 continuously) are investigated. The data show that an emerging climate change signal consistent with the projections of three global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project cycle 3 (CMIP3) archive is detected for geopotential height of pressure levels at a 90% confidence level both for the intermittent and continuous period, for the latter so far in a broad 50°S–50°N band only. Such UTLS geopotential height changes reflect an overall tropospheric warming. 90% confidence is not achieved for the temperature record when only large-scale aspects of the pattern are resolved. When resolving smaller-scale aspects, RO temperature trends appear stronger than GCM-projected trends, the difference stemming mainly from the tropical lower stratosphere, allowing for climate change detection at a 95% confidence level. Overall, an emerging trend signal is thus detected in the RO climate record, which is expected to increase further in significance as the record grows over the coming years. Small natural changes during the period suggest that the detected change is mainly caused by anthropogenic influence on climate.
Sensitivity of the Stratospheric Circulation to the Latitude of Thermal Surface Forcing*
Authors: Winter Barbara , Bourqui Michel S. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using the chemistry climate model Intermediate General Circulation Model–Fast Stratospheric Ozone Chemistry (IGCM-FASTOC), the authors analyze the response in the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere to idealized thermal forcing imposed at the surface. The forcing is a 2-K temperature anomaly added to the control surface temperature at all grid points within a latitudinal window of 10° or 30°. The bandwise forcing is applied systematically throughout all latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Thermal forcing applied anywhere equatorward of 20°N, or continuously from the equator to 30°N, increases planetary-wave generation in the troposphere and enhances the flux of wave activity propagating vertically into the stratosphere. Consequently, a greater flux of wave activity breaks in the polar vortex, increasing the Brewer–Dobson circulation and leading to a warm anomaly in the polar stratosphere. Ozone concentration increases at high latitudes and decreases at low latitudes. Thermal surface forcing imposed between 30° and 60°N has the reverse effect—decreased planetary-wave generation in the lower troposphere and reduced vertically propagating wave flux entering the stratosphere—and leads to a stronger and colder vortex. Thermal forcing applied poleward of 60°N has little effect on the tropospheric mean state but nonetheless decreases the planetary-scale eddy heat flux from the surface to the tropopause, resulting in a sufficient decrease of the vertical flux of wave activity for the vortex to be anomalously strong and cold. When surface forcing is imposed only poleward of 30°N, ozone concentration decreases at high latitudes but is not affected at low latitudes. Combining the forcing in an equatorial and an extratropical band leads to a response similar to that of the equatorial forcing, demonstrating that the subtropical surface temperature changes determine the sign of the surface-driven response in the vortex.
The Asian Monsoon in the Superparameterized CCSM and Its Relationship to Tropical Wave Activity
Authors: DeMott Charlotte A. , Stan Cristiana , Randall David A. , Kinter James L. , Khairoutdinov Marat 
Published: April 2011

Three general circulation models (GCMs) are used to analyze the impacts of air–sea coupling and superparameterized (SP) convection on the Asian summer monsoon: Community Climate System Model (CCSM) (coupled, conventional convection), SP Community Atmosphere Model (SP-CAM) (uncoupled, SP convection), and SP-CCSM (coupled, SP). In SP-CCSM, coupling improves the basic-state climate relative to SP-CAM and reduces excessive tropical variability in SP-CAM. Adding SP improves tropical variability, the simulation of easterly zonal shear over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and increases negative sea surface temperature (SST) biases in that region. SP-CCSM is the only model to reasonably simulate the eastward-, westward-, and northward-propagating components of the Asian monsoon. CCSM and SP-CCSM mimic the observed phasing of northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation (NPISO), SST, precipitation, and surface stress anomalies, while SP-CAM is limited in this regard. SP-CCSM produces a variety of tropical waves with spectral characteristics similar to those in observations. Simulated equatorial Rossby (ER) and mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves may lead to different simulations of the NPISO in each model. Each model exhibits some northward propagation for ER waves but only SP-CCSM produces northward-propagating MRG waves, as in observations. The combination of ER and MRG waves over the Indian Ocean influences the spatiotemporal structure of the NPISO and contributes to the differences seen in each model. The role of ocean coupling must be considered in terms of the time scale of the SST response compared to the time scale of tropical variability. High-frequency disturbances experience coupling via its changes to the basic state, while lower-frequency disturbances may respond directly to SST fluctuations.
The Modification of Bottom Boundary Layer Turbulence and Mixing by Internal Waves Shoaling on a Barrier Reef
Authors: Davis Kristen A. , Monismith Stephen G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Results are presented from an observational study of stratified, turbulent flow in the bottom boundary layer on the outer southeast Florida shelf. Measurements of momentum and heat fluxes were made using an array of acoustic Doppler velocimeters and fast-response temperature sensors in the bottom 3 m over a rough reef slope. Direct estimates of flux Richardson number Rf confirm previous laboratory, numerical, and observational work, which find mixing efficiency not to be a constant but rather to vary with Frt, Reb, and Rig. These results depart from previous observations in that the highest levels of mixing efficiency occur for Frt &lt; 1, suggesting that efficient mixing can also happen in regions of buoyancy-controlled turbulence. Generally, the authors find that turbulence in the reef bottom boundary layer is highly variable in time and modified by near-bed flow, shear, and stratification driven by shoaling internal waves.
Thermal Lag Correction on Slocum CTD Glider Data
Authors: Garau Bartolomé , Ruiz Simón , Zhang Weifeng G. , Pascual Ananda , Heslop Emma , Kerfoot John , Tintoré Joaquín 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In this work a new methodology is proposed to correct the thermal lag error in data from unpumped CTD sensors installed on Slocum gliders. The advantage of the new approach is twofold: first, it takes into account the variable speed of the glider; and second, it can be applied to CTD profiles from an autonomous platform either with or without a reference cast. The proposed methodology finds values for four correction parameters that minimize the area between two temperature–salinity curves given by two CTD profiles. A field experiment with a Slocum glider and a standard CTD was conducted to test the method. Thermal lag–induced salinity error of about 0.3 psu was found and successfully corrected.
Tropical Cyclogenesis Associated with Kelvin Waves and the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Schreck Carl J. , Molinari John 
Published: April 2011

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) influences tropical cyclone formation around the globe. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves are often embedded within the MJO, but their role in tropical cyclogenesis remains uncertain. This case study identifies the influences of the MJO and a series of Kelvin waves on the formation of two tropical cyclones. Typhoons Rammasun and Chataan developed in the western North Pacific on 28 June 2002. Two weeks earlier, conditions had been unfavorable for tropical cyclogenesis because of uniform trade easterlies and a lack of organized convection. The easterlies gave way to equatorial westerlies as the convective envelope of the Madden–Julian oscillation moved into the region. A series of three Kelvin waves modulated the development of the westerlies. Cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) developed in a strip between the growing equatorial westerlies and the persistent trade easterlies farther poleward. Rammasun and Chataan emerged from the apparent breakdown of this strip. The cyclonic PV developed in association with diabatic heating from both the MJO and the Kelvin waves. The tropical cyclones also developed during the largest superposition of equatorial westerlies from the MJO and the Kelvin waves. This chain of events suggests that the MJO and the Kelvin waves each played a role in the development of Rammasun and Chataan.