bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mosquito NADPH‐cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase: kinetics and role of phenylalanine amino acid substitutions at leu86 and leu219 in CYP6AA3‐mediated deltamethrin metabolism
Authors: Sarapusit Songklod , Pethuan Sirikun , Rongnoparut Pornpimol 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe NADPH‐cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR) enzyme is a membrane‐bound protein and contains both FAD and FMN cofactors. The enzyme transfers two electrons, one at a time, from NADPH to cytochrome P450 enzymes to function in the enzymatic reactions. We previously expressed in Escherichia coli the membrane‐bound CYPOR (flAnCYPOR) from Anopheles minimus mosquito. We demonstrated the ability of flAnCYPOR to support the An. minimus CYP6AA3 enzyme activity in deltamethrin degradation in vitro. The present study revealed that the flAnCYPOR purified enzyme, analyzed by a fluorometric method, readily lost its flavin cofactors. When supplemented with exogenous flavin cofactors, the activity of flAnCYPOR‐mediated cytochrome c reduction was increased. Mutant enzymes containing phenylalanine substitutions at leucine residues 86 and 219 were constructed and found to increase retention of FMN cofactor in the flAnCYPOR enzymes. Kinetic study by measuring cytochrome c–reducing activity indicated that the wild‐type and mutant flAnCYPORs followed a non‐classical two‐site Ping‐Pong mechanism, similar to rat CYPOR. The single mutant (L86F or L219F) and double mutant (L86F/L219F) flAnCYPOR enzymes, upon reconstitution with the An. minimus cytochrome P450 CYP6AA3 and a NADPH‐regenerating system, increased CYP6AA3‐mediated deltamethrin degradation compared to the wild‐type flAnCYPOR enzyme. The increased enzyme activity could illustrate a more efficient electron transfer of AnCYPOR to CYP6AA3 cytochrome P450 enzyme. Addition of extra flavin cofactors could increase CYP6AA3‐mediated activity supported by wild‐type and mutant flAnCYPOR enzymes. Thus, both leucine to phenylalanine substitutions are essential for flAnCYPOR enzyme in supporting CYP6AA3‐mediated metabolism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for context‐based search
Authors: Cecchini Rocío L. , Lorenzetti Carlos M. , Maguitman Ana G. , Brignole Nélida B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFormulating high‐quality queries is a key aspect of context‐based search. However, determining the effectiveness of a query is challenging because multiple objectives, such as high precision and high recall, are usually involved. In this work, we study techniques that can be applied to evolve contextualized queries when the criteria for determining query quality are based on multiple objectives. We report on the results of three different strategies for evolving queries: (a) single‐objective, (b) multiobjective with Pareto‐based ranking, and (c) multiobjective with aggregative ranking. After a comprehensive evaluation with a large set of topics, we discuss the limitations of the single‐objective approach and observe that both the Pareto‐based and aggregative strategies are highly effective for evolving topical queries. In particular, our experiments lead us to conclude that the multiobjective techniques are superior to a baseline as well as to well‐known and ad hoc query reformulation techniques.
Meso‐Substituted Liquid Porphyrins
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Gryko Dorota , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMeso‐substituted A4‐porphyrins bearing 3,4,5‐trialkoxyphenyl substituents are efficiently synthesized and characterized. Porphyrins bearing twelve C10 and C11 alkyl chains turned out to be liquid at room temperature. The remaining porphyrins, bearing C8, C9, C12, and C18 alkyl chains, have low melting points and high solubility in nonpolar solvents. Their differential scanning calorimetry distinctly shows, in most cases, only one phase transition.
A microwell platform for the scale‐up of a multistep bioconversion to bench‐scale reactors: Sitosterol side‐chain cleavage
Authors: Marques Marco P. C. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Fernandes Pedro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe microwell‐scale approach is widely used for screening purposes and one‐pot biotransformations, but it has seldom been applied to complex whole cell multistep bioconversions, requiring prolonged incubation periods. The present study aims to contribute to filling this gap. The side‐chain cleavage of sitosterol to androstenedione (AD) with Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B‐3805 cells was used as a model system, and focus was given to the screening of suitable bioconversion media with 24‐well microwell plates. Results show that to perform this particular bioconversion growing cells are preferred over resting cells due to higher conversion yields obtained in aqueous medium. The use of resting cells may nevertheless present an interesting approach provided catalytic activity is retained throughout successive runs. Maintaining suitable aeration levels (air flow of 1 mL/min) allowed minimizing the decay of catalytic activity typically observed alongside consecutive bioconversion runs with resting cells. Microwell plates with dedicated oxygen and pH monitoring capabilities proved effective in media development for complex multistep bioconversions using relatively slow‐growing bacteria. Under constant kLa (0.044/s) similar AD production and dissolved oxygen profiles were observed in microwell plates and in a bench‐scale reactor. Selection of a suitable kLa value proved critical, since under lower kLa values scale‐up proved unsuccessful. The same pattern was observed when other scale‐up criteria were evaluated to perform the scale‐up of this particular bioconversion. Results gathered seem to validate the proposed approach “from microwell plate to bench‐scale fermentor”.
Spinal cord termination in adult Africans: Relationship with intercristal line and the transumbilical plane
Authors: Gatonga P. , Ogeng'o J.A. , Awori K.O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe level of cord termination and level of vertebral intersection of intercristal line and transumbilical plane (TUP), frequently used landmarks, show ethnic variation. The relationship of the spinal cord termination to these lines is vital in spinal surgery and anesthesia, but data on these parameters are scarce in the African population. The purpose of this work is to determine the level of cord termination and establish its relationship with intercristal line and TUP. One hundred and twelve specimens obtained from the department of Human Anatomy at the University of Nairobi were used in this study. The conus medullaris was exposed by laminectomy and its vertebral level together with those of intercristal line and TUP recorded. The distance of conus medullaris from intercristal plane was measured in millimeters. Data obtained were coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 16.0 Chicago, Illinois, 2002. Student's t‐test was used in the statistical assessment of gender differences. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The median level of termination of the cord was the upper third of L2, 51.9% of cases terminating below this. There was no statistically significant gender difference in the level of termination of the cord. The intercristal plane passed through L4/L5 disc (70.9%) and below (29.1%). The TUP corresponded with intercristal line in 78.2% of subjects. The mean distance of the spinal cord termination from intercristal line was 99 ± 24 mm. The spinal cord terminates at or below the upper third of L2. Care should be exercised during lumbar punctures and spinal epidural anesthesia among Africans. Intecristal line and TUP are safe landmarks to use in location of conus medullaris. Clin. Anat. 23:563–565, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of the thoracic splanchnic nerves and celiac ganglia
Authors: Loukas Marios , Klaassen Zachary , Merbs William , Tubbs R. Shane , Gielecki Jerzy , Zurada Anna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnatomical variation of the thoracic splanchnic nerves is as diverse as any structure in the body. Thoracic splanchnic nerves are derived from medial branches of the lower seven thoracic sympathetic ganglia, with the greater splanchnic nerve comprising the more cranial contributions, the lesser the middle branches, and the least splanchnic nerve usually T11 and/or T12. Much of the early anatomical research of the thoracic splanchnic nerves revolved around elucidating the nerve root level contributing to each of these nerves. The celiac plexus is a major interchange for autonomic fibers, receiving many of the thoracic splanchnic nerve fibers as they course toward the organs of the abdomen. The location of the celiac ganglia are usually described in relation to surrounding structures, and also show variation in size and general morphology. Clinically, the thoracic splanchnic nerves and celiac ganglia play a major role in pain management for upper abdominal disorders, particularly chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Splanchnicectomy has been a treatment option since Mallet‐Guy became a major proponent of the procedure in the 1940s. Splanchnic nerve dissection and thermocoagulation are two common derivatives of splanchnicectomy that are commonly used today. Celiac plexus block is also a treatment option to compliment splanchnicectomy in pain management. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided celiac injection and percutaneous methods of celiac plexus block have been heavily studied and are two important methods used today. For both splanchnicectomies and celiac plexus block, the innovation of ultrasonographic imaging technology has improved efficacy and accuracy of these procedures and continues to make pain management for these diseases more successful. Clin. Anat. 23:512–522, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen
Authors: Zheng Nan , Gong Jin , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Zhang Jian‐Fei , Tang Wei , Zhang Cheng‐Hong , Bai Jian , Liu Jie , Sui Hong‐Jin , Shi Bing‐Yi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith the development of hepatic surgery and radiology, a more accurate understanding of intrahepatic vessels and hepatic segments is necessary. Previously, research in these fields was primarily by means of dissecting livers, preparing corrosion cast specimens, reconstructing three‐dimensional MSCT images of intrahepatic vessels, and so on. The aim of this study was to search for a new specimen preparing method, which could demonstrate intrahepatic vessels and the relationships between internal vessels and external structures of liver simultaneously. Rabbit livers were prepared with three different techniques in this study: (a) corrosion‐cast technique; (b) transparency technique; and (c) combination technique of cast and transparency. The results showed that the combination of casting and transparent liver specimens in group C could demonstrate both the intrahepatic vessels and the external structures clearly. The relationships between the internal vessels and external structures could also be observed clearly. In conclusion, the combination method for preparing casting and transparent liver specimen created a new approach for the research of intrahepatic vessels, especially for applied basic research of hepatic segments. Clin. Anat. 23:559–562, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological changes in the position of the mandibular foramen in dentate and edentate Brazilian subjects
Authors: Prado F.B. , Groppo F.C. , Volpato M.C. , Caria P.H.F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study assessed the mandibular foramen (MF) position variability in dentate and edentate Brazilian mandibles. Eighty dentate and 79 edentate mandibles of unknown sex were measured bilaterally using a digital caliper (0.1‐mm precision). Horizontal linear measurements (HM) were done from the MF to the anterior border of the mandibular ramus (MF‐A) and from the MF to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus (MF‐B). Vertical linear measurements (VM) were done from the MF to the most inferior point of the mandibular notch (MF‐C) and from the MF to the inferior border of the mandibular ramus (MF‐D). Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA (alpha = 5%). The HM means and standard deviations (±SD) for MF‐A were, edentate right (ER): 17.5 (±3.2) mm, edentate left (EL): 17.4 (±3.4) mm, dentate right (DR): 19.2 (±3.6) mm, and dentate left (DL): 18.8 (±3.8) mm. The means (±SD) for the MF‐B measurements were, respectively, ER: 12.8 (±2.4) mm, EL: 12.9 (±2.3) mm, DR: 14.2 (±2.4) mm, and DL: 13.9 (±2.6) mm. The VM values for the MF‐C measurements were, ER: 23.4 (±3.8) mm, EL: 22.9 (±3.7) mm, DR: 23.6 (±3.1) mm, and DL: 23.1 (±3) mm, and for the MF‐D measurements, ER: 26.4 (±4.2) mm, EL: 26.4 (±4) mm, DR 28.3 (±3.9) mm, and DL 28 (±3.8) mm. Side had no influence (p>0.05) on any edentate or dentate mandible measurement. Dentate mandible measurements showed statistically significant differences compared to the edentate mandibles, except for MF‐C. The mandibular foramen position changes with loss of teeth and this variability may be responsible for occasional failure of inferior alveolar nerve block. Clin. Anat. 23:394–398, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radical Stability Directs Electron Capture and Transfer Dissociation of β‐Amino Acids in Peptides
Authors: Ben Hamidane Hisham , Vorobyev Aleksey , Larregola Maud , Lukaszuk Aneta , Tourwé Dirk , Lavielle Solange , Karoyan Philippe , Tsybin Yury O. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report on the characteristics of the radical‐ion‐driven dissociation of a diverse array of β‐amino acids incorporated into α‐peptides, as probed by tandem electron‐capture and electron‐transfer dissociation (ECD/ETD) mass spectrometry. The reported results demonstrate a stronger ECD/ETD dependence on the nature of the amino acid side chain for β‐amino acids than for their α‐form counterparts. In particular, only aromatic (e.g., β‐Phe), and to a substantially lower extent, carbonyl‐containing (e.g., β‐Glu and β‐Gln) amino acid side chains, lead to NCβ bond cleavage in the corresponding β‐amino acids. We conclude that radical stabilization must be provided by the side chain to enable the radical‐driven fragmentation from the nearby backbone carbonyl carbon to proceed. In contrast with the cleavage of backbones derived from α‐amino acids, ECD of peptides composed mainly of β‐amino acids reveals a shift in cleavage priority from the NCβ to the CαC bond. The incorporation of CH2 groups into the peptide backbone may thus drastically influence the backbone charge solvation preference. The characteristics of radical‐driven β‐amino acid dissociation described herein are of particular importance to methods development, applications in peptide sequencing, and peptide and protein modification (e.g., deamidation and isomerization) analysis in life science research.
Efficient Olefin Epoxidation by Robust Re4 Cluster‐Supported MnIII Complexes with Peracids: Evidence of Simultaneous Operation of Multiple Active Oxidant Species, MnVO, MnIVO, and MnIIIOOC(O)R
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Xu Li , Park Byeong Kwon , Mironov Yuri V. , Kim Soo Hyun , Song Young Ju , Kim Cheal , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo new tetranuclear chalcocyanide cluster complexes, [{Mn(saloph)H2O}4Re4Q4(CN)12]⋅4 CH3OH⋅ 8 H2O (saloph=N,N′‐o‐phenylenebis(salicylidenaminato), Q=Se (1‐Se), Te (2‐Te)), have been synthesized by the diffusion of a methanolic solution of [PPh4]4[Re4Q4(CN)12] into a methanolic solution of [Mn(saloph)]+. The structure of 2‐Te has been determined by X‐ray crystallography. These rhenium cluster‐supported [MnIII(saloph)] complexes have been found to efficiently catalyze a wide range of olefin epoxidations under mild experimental conditions in the presence of meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). Olefin epoxidation by these catalysts is proposed to involve the multiple active oxidants MnVO, MnIVO, and MnIIIOOC(O)R. Evidence in support of this interpretation has been derived from reactivity and Hammett studies, H218O‐exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid as a mechanistic probe. Moreover, it has been observed that the participation of MnVO, MnIVO, and MnIIIOOC(O)R can be controlled by changing the substrate concentration. This mechanism provides the greatest congruity with related oxidation reactions that employ certain Mn complexes as catalysts.
Durable responses with the metronomic rituximab and thalidomide plus prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide regimen in elderly patients with recurrent mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Ruan Jia , Martin Peter , Coleman Morton , Furman Richard R. , Cheung Ken , Faye Adam , Elstrom Rebecca , Lachs Mark , Hajjar Katherine A. , Leonard John P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Targeting the tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis is a novel lymphoma therapeutic strategy. The authors report safety, activity, and angiogenic profiling results with the rituximab and thalidomide plus prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide (RT‐PEPC) regimen in patients with recurrent mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).METHODS:RT‐PEPC included induction (Months 1‐3) of rituximab 4 times weekly, daily thalidomide (50 mg), and PEPC followed by maintenance thalidomide (100 mg), oral PEPC titrated to the neutrophil count, and rituximab every 4 months. Endpoints included safety, efficacy, quality of life (QoL), and translational studies, including tumor angiogenic phenotyping, plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and circulating endothelial cells.RESULTS:Twenty‐five patients were enrolled, and 22 were evaluable. The median age was 68 years (range, 52‐81 years), 24 patients (96%) had stage III or IV disease, 18 patients (72%) had an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 3 to 5, and 20 patients (80%) had high‐risk Mantle Cell International Prognostic Index (MIPI) scores. Patients had received a median of 2 previous therapies (range, 1‐7 previous therapies), and 15 patients (60%) had progressed on bortezomib. At a median follow‐up of 38 months, the overall response rate was 73% (complete response [CR]/unconfirmed CR rate, 32%; partial response [PR] rate, 41%; n = 22 patients), and the median progression‐free survival was 10 months. Four CRs were ongoing (≥6 months, ≥31 months, ≥48 months, and ≥50 months). Toxicities included grade 1 and 2 fatigue, rash, neuropathy, and cytopenias, including grade 1 and 2 thrombocytopenia (64%) and grade 3 and 4 neutropenia (64%). Two thromboses and 5 episodes of grade 3 or 4 infections occurred. QoL was maintained or improved. Correlative studies demonstrated tumor autocrine angiogenic loop (expression of VEGF A and VEGF receptor 1) and heightened angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in stroma. Plasma VEGF levels and circulating endothelial cells trended down with treatment.CONCLUSIONS:RT‐PEPC had significant and durable activity in MCL with manageable toxicity and maintained QoL. Novel, low‐intensity approaches warrant further evaluation, potentially as initial therapy in elderly patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
How Does the Trans–Cis Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Take Place in Organic Solvents?
Authors: Tiberio Giustiniano , Muccioli Luca , Berardi Roberto , Zannoni Claudio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe trans–cis photoisomerization of azobenzene‐containing materials is key to a number of photomechanical applications, but the actual conversion mechanism in condensed phases is still largely unknown. Herein, we study the ${{\rm{n}}{\rm{,{\rm \pi} ^\ast }}}$ isomerization in a vacuum and in various solvents via a modified molecular dynamics simulation adopting an ab initio torsion–inversion force field in the ground and excited states, while allowing for electronic transitions and a stochastic decay to the fundamental state. We determine the trans–cis photoisomerization quantum yield and decay times in various solvents (n‐hexane, anisole, toluene, ethanol, and ethylene glycol), and obtain results comparable with experimental ones where available. A profound difference between the isomerization mechanism in vacuum and in solution is found, with the often neglected mixed torsional–inversion pathway being the most important in solvents.
Redox Activity and Structural Transition of Heptyl Viologen Adlayers on Cu(100)
Authors: Jiang Min , Sak Emilia , Gentz Knud , Krupski Aleksander , Wandelt Klaus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe redox behaviour and potential‐dependent adsorption structure of heptyl viologen (1,1′‐diheptyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium dichloride, DHV2+) on a Cu(100) electrode was investigated in a chloride‐containing electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC–STM). The dicationic DHV molecules generate a few pairs of current waves in CV measurements which are ascribed to two typical one‐electron transfer steps. STM images obtained in a KCl‐containing electrolyte solution disclose a well‐ordered c(2×2) chloride adlayer on a Cu(100) electrode surface. After injecting DHV2+ molecules into the KCl electrolyte solution, a highly ordered 2D “dot‐array” structure in STM images emerges on the c(2×2)‐Cl modified Cu(100) electrode surface. DHV2+ molecules spontaneously arrange themselves with their molecular planes facing the electrode surface and their long molecular axis parallel to the step edge. Such adsorption structure can be described by mirror domains and rotational domains which stably exist between 200 mV and −100 mV. One‐electron reduction of the dications DHV2+ around −150 mV causes a phase transition from a ‘dot‐array’ assembly to a stripe pattern formed by DHV.+ radical monocations in STM images which has a bilayer structure. With a further decrease of the applied electrode potential, the structure of the DHV.+ adlayer undergoes a change from a loose stripe phase to a more compact stripe phase, a subsequent decay of the compact structure, and finally the formation of a new dimer phase. A further electron transfer reaction at −400 mV causes the formation of an amorphous phase on the chloride free electrode surface. In a reverse anodic sweep, the reproduction of the ordered DHV.+ stacking phase occurs again on top of the chloride lattice.
Weaving social responsibility with business strategy: a case study of South India Paper Mills
Authors: Kanchan M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAny company in any country can be a responsible leader, if it chooses to be so. South India Paper Mills (SIPM), a medium‐sized family business manufacturing recycled paper integrated corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities early in its business strategy; activities such as providing free treated water for agriculture to the local farmers while finding a way of disposing of wastewater. The company voluntarily increased compensation and guaranteed employment to the children of retired employees, which ensured better living and educational standards, provided employment opportunities, and reversed the migration trend to the city. The acute power shortage led the management to generate its own power with the locally available biomass to ensure a steady supply of power and income, by supplying excess power to the State, and a regular source of income to the villagers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.