bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DMXB (GTS‐21) ameliorates the cognitive deficits in beta amyloid injected mice through preventing the dysfunction of alpha7 nicotinic receptor
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Haofei , Zhang Zhuo , Li Zhen , He Danjun , Sokabe Masahiro , Chen Ling 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntracerebroventricular injection of beta‐amyloid25–35(Aβ25–35) in mice leads to cognitive deficits with the dysfunction of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) within 1–2 weeks in a dose‐dependent manner. The present study focused on the effect of DMXB, a selective α7nAChR agonist, on Aβ25–35(3 nmol)‐impaired spatial memory and α7nAChR function. We found that the treatment with DMXB on days 1–10 after Aβ25–35injection dose‐dependently prevented Aβ25–35‐induced impairment of acquisition performance and probe trail test in Morris water maze. Importantly, the treatment with DMXB (1 mg/kg) perfectly prevented Aβ25–35‐induced depression of α7nAChR response, which was associated with improving the probability of presynaptic glutamate release and the induction of high‐frequency stimulation (HFS)‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal Schaffer collaterale‐CA1 synapse. Furthermore, although either the basal level of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) or its phosphorylation in the hippocampus had no difference between control and Aβ25–35mice, the Aβ25–35injection significantly attenuated HFS‐triggered increase in ERK2 phosphorylation. The treatment with DMXB also rescued the ERK2 phosphorylation triggered by HFS in Aβ25–35mice that is required for LTP induction. This study firstly provides in vivo evidence that the anti‐amnesic effect of DMXB is likely due to preventing the Aβ25–35‐induced dysfunction of α7nAChR. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamin 1 depletion and memory deficits in rats treated with Aβ and cerebral ischemia
Authors: Watanabe Takuya , Iwasaki Katsunori , Takasaki Kotaro , Yamagata Norito , Fujino Mutsumi , Nogami Ai , Ii Miyuki , Katsurabayashi Shutaro , Mishima Kenichi , Fujiwara Michihiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive dementia with senile plaques composed of β‐amyloid (Aβ). Recent studies suggest that synaptic dysfunction is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of AD. Here we provide the first experimental evidence that a change in the level of dynamin 1 induced by Aβ correlates with memory impairment in vivo. We treated rats with transient cerebral ischemia with oligomeric forms of Aβ (Aβ oligomers), including dimers, trimers, and tetramers, intracerebroventricularly. The combination of Aβ oligomers and cerebral ischemia, but not cerebral ischemia alone, significantly impaired memory and decreased the level of dynamin 1, which plays a critical role in synaptic vesicle recycling, but did not affect the levels of other synaptic proteins, such as synaptophysin and synaptobrevin, in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist memantine prevented memory impairment and dynamin 1 degradation, suggesting that these changes might be mediated by NMDA receptors. These results suggest that Aβ oligomers induce memory impairment via dynamin 1 degradation, which may imply that dynamin 1 degradation is one of the causes of synaptic dysfunction in AD. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oligodendrogenesis in iron‐deficient rats: Effect of apotransferrin
Authors: Rosato‐Siri M.V. , Badaracco M.E. , Ortiz E.H. , Belforte N. , Clausi M. Guardia , Soto E.F. , Bernabeu R. , Pasquini J.M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn rats, iron deficiency produces an alteration in myelin formation. However, there is limited information on the effects of this condition on oligodendroglial cell (OLGc) proliferation and maturation. In the present study, we further analyzed the hypomyelination associated with iron deficiency by studying the dynamics of oligodendrogenesis. Rats were fed control (40 mg Fe/kg) or iron‐deficient (4 mg Fe/kg) diets from gestation day 5 until postnatal day 3 (P3) or 11 (P11). OLGc proliferation, migration and differentiation were investigated before and after an intracranial injection of apotransferrin at 3 days of age (P3). The proliferating cell population was evaluated at P3. Iron‐deficient (ID) animals showed an increase in the oligodendrocyte precursors cell (OPC) population in comparison with controls. The overall pattern of migration of cells labeled with BrdU was investigated at P11. Iron deficiency increased the amount of BrdU+ cells in the corpus callosum (CC) and decreased OLGc maturation and myelin formation. Changes in nerve conduction were analyzed by measuring visual evoked potentials. Latency and amplitude were significantly disturbed in ID rats compared with controls. Both parameters were substantially normalized when animals were treated with a single intracranial injection of 350 ng apotransferrin (aTf). The current results give support to the idea that iron deficiency increases the number of proliferating and undifferentiated cells in the CC compared with the control. Treatment with aTf almost completely reverted the effects of iron deficiency, both changing the migration pattern and increasing the number of mature cells in the CC and myelin formation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reinterpreting the magnetic resonance signs of hemodynamic impairment in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients from the perspective of a recent discovery of outflow block in the extracranial veins
Authors: Simka Marian , Zaniewski Maciej 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMultiple sclerosis patients examined with perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have been found to have patterns of abnormal blood flow. These include prolonged mean transit time, a trend toward decreased cerebral blood flow in the area of plaques, and decreased cerebral blood flow and prolonged mean transit time within normal‐appearing white matter. In‐creased cerebral blood flow and volume and decreased mean transit time (compared with the baseline values before the relapse) were found to precede the development of plaques. In addition, susceptibility‐weighted imaging utilizing deoxyhemoglobin as the contrast has revealed that venous blood in cerebral veins of multiple sclerosis patients is less deoxygenated compared with healthy controls. All these findings were traditionally interpreted as a sign of local flow disturbances mediated by inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. However, recent findings of significant stenoses in the extracranial veins that drain the brain and spinal cord shed new light on these MR results. With the assumption that a majority, if not all, of multiple sclerosis patients exhibit such extracranial venous obstacles, the perfusion MR images of multiple sclerosis patients should be reinterpreted. Perhaps ongoing MR studies with respect to extracranial venous hemodynamics may decipher some of the unsolved puzzles related to this neurologic disease. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Climatological onset dates of summer monsoon over Myanmar
Authors: Htway Ohnmar , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAsian summer monsoon is the predominant climate system in Myanmar and nearly 90% of total rainfalls are from summer monsoon. The timing of monsoon onset is of importance to the agricultural sector and water replenishment. However, there is a lack of systematic method to detect the climatological monsoon onset dates of Myanmar. In this study, the climatology of the summer monsoon onset over Myanmar is defined using the mean pentad precipitation data of 29 stations from 1968 to 2000. As a result, the climatological monsoon onset dates over Myanmar are on 18th May (the middle date of pentad number 28) in the southern and central Myanmar and on 28th May (the middle date of pentad number 30) in the northern Myanmar. These climatological onset dates in two areas of Myanmar are confirmed by examining seven meteorological parameters of the observed station data and ERA40 re‐analysis data during the period between 21st April and 9th June. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Observed changes in precipitation on the wettest days of the year in China, 1960–2000
Authors: Liu Binhui , Henderson Mark , Xu Ming , Zhang Yandong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that extreme precipitation events accounted for a disproportionate share of the nearly 2% increase in precipitation in China over the period of 1960–2000. Michaels et al. challenged a similar finding in the USA, arguing that fixed‐bin methods for analysing extreme events obscure underlying precipitation patterns, and proposing a method that focusses on trends of the 10 wettest days of the year. Applying this method to China, we find that trends of precipitation on the 10 wettest days are generally proportional to changes in annual total precipitation. Regionally, a disproportionate increase is observed in southwest China. While the greatest absolute increase in precipitation on the wettest 10 days is seen in east China, the trend as a percentage of the annual total is not statistically significant. In the other six climate regions, the annual total rainfall is increasing at a proportionally greater rate than the 10 wettest days. Seasonally, the changes in precipitation on the five wettest days show increasing trend both nationally and for most of the climate regions. The greatest absolute increase in precipitation on the wettest five days is seen in east China in both summer and winter half‐years. Only in southwest China during the summer half‐year do we see a significant, disproportional increase in the precipitation falling on the five wettest days. Nationally, there has been an increasing trend in the frequency of precipitation exceeding the long‐term mean 97.5th percentile and 99th percentile values. Although the annual increasing precipitation on the 10 wettest days corresponds with a similar increase in water vapour pressure in China nationally, regional results suggest that change in humidity is not the only factor that influences the changes in heavy precipitation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of organic and inorganic carbon, δ13C, and nitrogen in soils containing carbonates after acid fumigation with HCl
Authors: Walthert Lorenz , Graf Ursula , Kammer Adrian , Luster Jörg , Pezzotta Daniele , Zimmermann Stephan , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn carbonate‐containing soils a reliable determination of organic C requires a method that effectively separates organic and inorganic C without altering the organic matter. This study was conducted to determine whether HCl vapor completely removes carbonates even in dolomite‐rich soils and to what extent a widely used acid‐fumigation method has to be modified for humus‐rich soils. Furthermore, it was tested whether HCl fumigation alters organic‐C content. Since C and N parameters are often analyzed simultaneously we also tested the influence of acid‐vapor treatment on N content and on δ13C of soil organic matter. We applied fumigation with 37% HCl for 8 and 32 h using 9 carbonate‐containing soil samples. Inorganic C ranged from 7 to 124 and organic C from 9 to 267 g kg–1. The maximum contents of dolomite and calcite were 940 and 640 g kg–1, respectively. A time of 8 h was enough to completely remove all carbonates. Neither the content nor the δ13C of organic C were significantly affected by fumigation. In contrast, N contents were altered by acid treatment. Based on these results and on our experience in analyzing more than 1000 soil samples, a recommended procedure for acid fumigation of carbonate‐containing soils with a wide range of organic‐ and inorganic‐C contents was derived. Samples pretreated in this way can be analyzed reliably for their organic‐C content and δ13C. Furthermore, N and inorganic‐C contents can be determined with a quality sufficient for many purposes.
Induction of apoptosis by tomato using space mutation breeding in human colon cancer SW480 and HT‐29 cells
Authors: Shi Jiahui , Yang Bin , Feng Pan , Li Duo , Zhu Jiajin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: As far as we know, there have been no reports concerning the functional characteristics of tomatoes using space mutation breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐colon cancer effect of tomatoes M1 and M2 using space mutation breeding.RESULTS: In the present study, obvious anti‐cancer activity was shown with tomato juice of M1 and M2 and their parent CK treatment in colon cancer cell lines SW480 and HT‐29 in cell growth inhibition. In addition, SW480 cells were more sensitive to M1 and M2 than HT‐29 cells in cell apoptosis. Furthermore, M1 and M2 induced cell cycle arrest both in G0–G1 and G2/M phases.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that consumption of tomato using space mutation breeding may provide benefits to inhibit growth of colon cancer cells. Therefore, tomato production using space mutation breeding may be a good candidate for development as a dietary supplement in drug therapy for colon cancer. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Air analysis in the assessment of fumonisin contamination risk in maize
Authors: Torelli Emanuela , Gubiani Rino , Firrao Giuseppe , Cividino Sirio , Locci Romano , Gobbi Emanuela 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: In maize‐growing areas where fumonisin contamination is endemic, there is an urgent need for novel methods to assess the quality of grain lots before their delivery to common drying and storage collection centres. Aerobiological samples of fungal spores released during harvest were analysed to establish a relationship between fumonisin contamination and the abundance of pathogen propagules collected in the combine harvester using a cyclone and membrane filters. Filter‐captured propagules were analysed by direct plating, immunoenzymatic assay of specific Fusarium extracellular polysaccharides and real time polymerase chain reaction of the extracted DNA using fum1, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of fumonisin, as a target.RESULTS: The results showed that time of harvest and environmental conditions strongly influenced the efficiency and performance of the collection system. The data obtained were informative in comparing individual samples collected under similar conditions. The immunoenzymatic assay provided the most reliable data, which improved the ability of a neural network to predict the fumonisin content of lots, when added to agronomic, environmental and phytosanitary data.CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to evaluate the Fusarium propagules dispersed during harvesting as a predictive means to assess maize quality. A method based on cyclone/filter capture and immunological detection has been shown to be feasible and to have the potential for the development of a continuous monitoring system, but the prediction capabilities in the present implementation were limited. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradation of genetically modified seeds and plant tissues during composting
Authors: Reuter Tim , Alexander Trevor W , Xu Weiping , Stanford Kim , McAllister Tim A 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The increasing global market of genetically modified (GM) crops amplifies the potential for unintentional contamination of food and feed with GM plants. Methods proposed for disposal of crop residues should be assessed to prevent unintended distribution of GM materials. Composting of organic material is inexpensive and location‐independent. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of composting for disposal of GM plants in terms of reducing seed viability and promoting the degradation of endogenous as well as transgenic DNA.RESULTS: Duplicate samples of corn kernels, alfalfa leaves, and GM canola seeds, meal and pellets were sealed in porous nylon bags and implanted in duplicate 85 000 kg (initial weight) feedlot manure compost piles. Samples were collected at intervals over 230 days of composing. Canola seeds and corn kernels were not viable after 14 days of composting with temperatures in the piles exceeding 50 °C. In all samples, PCR analyses revealed that plant endogenous and transgenic fragments were substantially degraded after 230 days of composting. Southern blotting of genomic DNA isolated from canola seeds identified differences in the persistence of endogenous, transgenic, and bacterial DNA.CONCLUSION: Composting GM and non‐GM plant materials with manure rendered seeds non‐viable, and resulted in substantial, although not complete, degradation of endogenous and transgenic plant DNA. This study demonstrates that composting could be effective for disposing of GM crops in the event of their inadvertent entry into the food or feed chain. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The effects of steaming and roasting treatments on β‐glucan, lipid and starch in the kernels of naked oat (Avena nuda)
Authors: Hu Xinzhong , Xing Xiaohui , Ren Changzhong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Normal pressure steaming (NPS), autoclaved steaming (AS), and hot‐air roasting (HAR) are widely used to deactivate oat enzyme in the oat‐processing industry. Infrared roasting (IR) is a new oat deactivation method, and is welcomed and employed by increasing numbers of oat‐processing plants in China. It is widely known that oat starch plays an important role in the processing function of oat food, and that oat β‐glucan and lipid contribute greatly to the health benefits of oat food. However, the effects of steaming and roasting treatments on the starch, β‐glucan and lipid in oat kernels are poorly known.RESULTS: In this research, the level and distribution of β‐glucan and lipid in oat kernels with and without deactivation treatments were tested. We also measured the viscosity properties of oat flour from kernels after NPS, AS, HAR and IR treatments, and examined the effects of these treatments on oat starch granularity using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the deactivation treatments did not have significant effects on oat β‐glucan and lipid levels in oat kernels (P < 0.01). The distribution of β‐glucan and lipid in enzyme‐deactivated kernels was very similar to that in normal kernels. NPS, AS, HAR and IR treatments changed the shape of starch granules, crumbled large starch granules, reduced the connection between the protein network and starch granules, and improved starch gelatinization properties.CONCLUSIONS: NPS, AS, HAR and IR treatments can change the structure of oat starch granules and improve the viscosity property of oat starch without causing β‐glucan and lipid loss to oat food. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of foliar fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on Salvia officinalis L. growth, antioxidant capacity, and essential oil composition
Authors: Geneva Maria P , Stancheva Ira V , Boychinova Madlen M , Mincheva Nadezhda H , Yonova Petranka A 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of foliar fertilization and Glomus intraradices inoculation on the growth, qualitative and quantitative pattern of essential oil in Salvia officinalis was determined. Sage plants were grown in a glass house on a soil/sand mixture (w/w = 3:1). Agroleaf® total, N:P:K = 20:20:20 + microelements, was used at the whole vegetative growth stage as a 0.3% solution. Inoculation with Glomus intraradices was done at the sowing stage.RESULTS: Application of foliar fertilization and/or mycorrhizal colonization improved dry biomass accumulation and increased the content of antioxidant metabolites (ascorbate and reduced glutathione). Applied treatments lowered the activities of the antioxidants enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, while guaiacol peroxidase increased. The relative quantity of essential oil pattern was also altered as a result of the applied treatments. Combined application (FF + Gi) significantly promoted 1,8‐cineole and α‐thujone, mycorrhizal colonization enhanced bornyl acetate, 1,8‐cineole, α‐ and β‐thujones, while foliar fertilization increased bornyl acetate and camphor. The favorable effect of root colonization by Glomus intraradices was determined both on quantitative and qualitative pattern of sage essential oil.CONCLUSION: We conclude that inoculation with Glomus intraradices resulted in improved essential oil yield and quality, while combined application of foliar fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi predominantly enhanced shoot biomass accumulation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanical flower thinning improves the fruit quality of apples
Authors: Solomakhin Alexey A , Blanke Michael M 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Apple ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ and ‘Gala Mondial’ trees were mechanically blossom‐thinned with 30–77 × g (300–480 rpm rotation) and 5 or 7.5 km h−1 vehicle speed to improve fruit quality, minimise leaf damage, reduce hand and chemical thinning and to prevent or overcome alternate bearing; adjacent untreated or manually thinned apple trees served as controls.RESULTS: Mechanical thinning (43 × g, 360 rpm, 5–7.5 km h−1) had a positive effect on fruit size (15% larger), firmness (8.4 in Gala vs. 7.6 kg cm−2 in the unthinned control), sweetness (124 vs. 117 g kg−1 sugar in the control), contained the largest malic acid content (4 g kg−1 vs. 3.4 g kg−1 in the control) and 17% more anthocyanin (normalised anthocyanin index = 0.8 in Gala vs. 0.7 in the control); fruit of Golden and Gala showed additionally advanced starch breakdown and ripened earlier.CONCLUSIONS: Since increases in rotor speed, viz. centrifugal force, versus increases in the vehicle speed resulted in opposing effects, an integrated coefficient of thinning (ICT) was devised with optimum values of 10–40 (at 43 × g, 5–7.5 km h−1), where an ICT > 50 led to tree damage and ICT < 8 led to sub‐optimum thinning efficacy. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve veterans
Authors: Shea M. Tracie , Vujanovic Anka A. , Mansfield Abigail K. , Sevin Elizabeth , Liu Fengjuan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aims of the present investigation were (a) to examine associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; diagnosis and symptoms) and different aspects of functioning, severity, and subjective distress among Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom National Guard and Reserve veterans, and (b) to examine the unique contribution of PTSD symptom clusters to different aspects of functioning and distress. Participants were 124 veterans who had returned from war‐zone deployment. A PTSD diagnosis and PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with nearly all of the psychosocial functioning and distress measures, controlling for Axis I disorders and other covariates. Of the PTSD symptom clusters, numbing/avoidance symptoms were the strongest predictors of interpersonal and social functioning, and hyperarousal symptoms were the strongest predictors of overall severity and distress.