bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive testing on concrete-based treated wastewater
Authors: ElGazzar Moemn , Elnemr Amr , Tayeh Bassam A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecycled wastewater in construction presents an opportunity to ease freshwater scarcity while advancing sustainability. This study investigated the influences of cement-type and treated wastewater source on setting time and mechanical properties of cement paste and mortar. Three cement types: ordinary Portland cement (CEM I), CEM III/A, and CEM IV/A-P, were encountered. Four plants treated wastewater versus potable water as control were included. Fifteen mixes were encountered; every 5 mixes addressed certain cement types along with specified treated water types. Two phases were designed: Phase I for pastes toe value setting time and Phase II for the mortar to evaluate the flexural and compressive strengths of tool 90 specimens, 6 at 2 and 28 days of age. The significant impact of both variables was observed. CEM III/A displayed the fastest setting among the other mixes, while CEM I was the slowest. Wastewater accelerated setting versus distilled water. The mechanical performance also varied based on the cement–wastewater combination. CEM IV/A-P provided optimal strength enhancement up to 50% in flexural and 35% in compressive strength with wastewater compared to CEM I control. Results were attributed to cement–water interactions influencing hydration and microstructure, while CEM I underperformed with wastewater, CEM III/A, and CEM IV/A-P benefits, especially at early ages. Considerable variability highlights the complex interplay of factors governing performance. Coupled chemical-microstructural analysis was recommended to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Overall, tailored cement–wastewater selection shows promise for sustainable concrete, pending further optimization and durability testing. The study provides a platform for context-specific development of eco-efficient construction materials utilizing locally available resources.
Kleine Spuren der Geschichte
Authors: Hegel Philipp 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von zwei Konzepten der hermeneutischen Tradition, der Parallelstellenmethode und dem von Dilthey so genannten »Lebenshorizont«, wird zunächst deren mögliche Verbindung im Kontext philologischen Arbeitens skizziert. Aufgegriffen werden dabei insbesondere Problematisierungen der Parallelstellenmethode im Zusammenhang mit literarischen Texten. Die Methode kann aber genutzt werden, um Hypothesen über Textstellen zu erzeugen oder zu überprüfen. Sie kann auch genutzt werden, um Hypothesen über die Verbreitung von Themenfeldern innerhalb eines Korpus zu erzeugen oder zu überprüfen und so ein Mittel bei der Rekonstruktion von Lebenshorizonten sein. Abschließend werden diese hermeneutische Methode und dieser hermeneutische Begriff im Rahmen einer rhetorischen Analyse einiger Stellen aus zwei Konvoluten des Koblenzer Liebesbriefarchivs angewendet. Aufgezeigt werden dabei Möglichkeiten und Grenzen, Briefe mit Parallelen innerhalb und außerhalb des jeweiligen Konvolutes zu erläutern. Überschneidungen können so auf thematische Bündelungen und Streuungen einer bestimmten Zeit hindeuten. Gezeigt werden soll ferner, dass auch unterschiedliche rhetorische Verfahren in alltäglicher Kommunikation Hinweise auf in mehreren Teilen des Korpus angesprochene Themenfelder geben können, zu denen die Schreibenden sich meinen verhalten zu müssen.
Collaboration in Decarbonisation Research: Comparing the UK and European Funding Landscape
Authors: Smith Matthew , Christopoulos Dimitris 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndustrial decarbonisation has become an increasingly important policy issue in recent years, as governments and nations aim to tackle the climate crisis. This study makes use of UK research council and Horizon 2020 data to map the research landscape for industrial decarbonisation. This includes an analysis of 435 projects funded by various UK research councils, and 239 projects funded under Horizon 2020 linked to industrial decarbonisation. This study finds in the UK case, University–Industry–Government links are critical elements of the decarbonisation research landscape. Universities playing key roles in the UK system are often members of the prestigious Russell Group. In the case of the European industrial decarbonisation landscape (as captured by projects funded under Horizon 2020), private firms play a crucial role. This study also maps a country-to-country collaboration network based on industrial decarbonisation research projects funded under Horizon 2020. This study examines the link between country position in the network and share of electricity consumption that comes from coal; no significant relationship is identified.
Coastal Flood Induced Salinity Intrusion Risk Assessment Using a Spatial Multi-criteria Approach in the South-Western Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Tahmina , Hoque Muhammad Al-Amin , Mukul Sharif A. , Pradhan Biswajeet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise and other climate-induced extreme events, such as flooding, storm surge, and salinity intrusion. The south-western coastal region of Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to salinity intrusion caused by cyclone induced storm surges and coastal floods. Salinity intrusion endanger land productivity by increasing both soil and surface water salinity. Detailed risk assessment using spatial mapping approach can contribute to mitigating the effects of salinity intrusion on natural capital and the environment. In this study, we established and evaluated a spatial multi-criteria approach for mapping the risk levels of areas to salinity intrusion impacts using field data and geospatial techniques at the local scale. We evaluated the viability of the proposed approach using Khulna District, a major coastal city and saline prone area in the south-western Bangladesh. We considered three risk components (i.e. vulnerability, exposure and hazard) with 16 relevant criteria for the study. For each criterion, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to build and weight spatial raster map layers. Individual maps for each risk component were generated using a weighted sum technique, and lastly, a risk map was created by combining those. Our generated maps correctly identified relevant spatial dimensions as well as risk levels (i.e. very-high to very-low). The outcomes of our study suggest that the southern (east and west) parts of the study area are mostly susceptible to salinity intrusion due to higher storm surge impacts, lower elevation, and land use patterns than other parts. We validate our findings using a qualitative and quantitative approach. We believe that this novel approach would be useful to create risk maps that policymakers and relevant stakeholders could potentially use to evaluate risks posed by flood induced salinity intrusion in coastal regions of Bangladesh and elsewhere with similar geo-climatic context.
Use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections up to and after care home admission in Denmark: a nationwide study
Authors: Bjørk Emma , Aabenhus Rune , Larsen Søren P. , Ryg Jesper , Henriksen Daniel P. , Lundby Carina , Pottegård Anton 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Older people have the highest use of antibiotics for acute and chronic urinary tract infection (UTI), despite diagnostic uncertainty and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. We aim to describe use-patterns of UTI antibiotics two years prior to and following care home admission in Denmark.

Methods
This was a register-based nationwide drug-utilization study. In a cohort comprising all Danish residents admitted into a care home from 2015 to 2021, we described the use of UTI antibiotics, and examined differences between regions and individual care homes in rates of UTI antibiotic use. Further, we described trends in UTI-related contacts with hospitals in the two years prior to and following care home admission.

Results
The cohort comprised 101,297 residents (61% female; median age 84 years). UTI antibiotic use doubled from 7 to 14 treatments/100 residents/month two months prior to care home admission and remained at 10 treatments/100 residents/month the following two years. Prescription of pivmecillinam (55%) was most common. Primary care practitioners prescribed the majority (92%) of UTI antibiotics. UTI-related hospital contacts peaked at two months prior to care home admission, with 6 admissions/100 residents/month, subsequently dropping to 2 admission/100 residents/month. We found considerable variation in UTI antibiotic use, with 10% of care homes responsible for 20% of treatments in 2021.

Conclusion
Use of UTI antibiotics increased prior to and remained at a stable high level following care home admission in Denmark. Despite variation in use across regions and individual care homes, an overall decrease was seen throughout the years 2016–2021.
Permutation invariant encodings for quantum machine learning with point cloud data
Authors: Heredge Jamie , Hill Charles , Hollenberg Lloyd , Sevior Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantum computing offers a potentially powerful new method for performing machine learning. However, several quantum machine learning techniques have been shown to exhibit poor generalisation as the number of qubits increases. We address this issue by demonstrating a permutation invariant quantum encoding method, which exhibits superior generalisation performance, and apply it to point cloud data (three-dimensional images composed of points). Point clouds naturally contain permutation symmetry with respect to the ordering of their points, making them a natural candidate for this technique. Our method captures this symmetry in a quantum encoding that contains an equal quantum superposition of all permutations and is therefore invariant under point order permutation. We test this encoding method in numerical simulations using a quantum support vector machine to classify point clouds drawn from either spherical or toroidal geometries. We show that a permutation invariant encoding improves in accuracy as the number of points contained in the point cloud increases, while non-invariant quantum encodings decrease in accuracy. This demonstrates that by implementing permutation invariance into the encoding, the model exhibits improved generalisation.
Status of postharvest papaya anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in Assosa Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Getnet Muluken , Alemu Kumlachew , Tsedaley Binyam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPapaya is among the most economically important fruit crops cultivated in Ethiopia supporting the livelihood of thousands of people. Anthracnose of papaya caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the major limitation that threatens the production and consumption of papaya fruit worldwide. This investigation was initiated to determine the current status of papaya anthracnose and identify factors influencing postharvest loss of papaya fruit in Assosa Zone, western Ethiopia. Field and market assessments were conducted in three major papaya-producing districts of Assosa Zone namely Assosa, Bambasi, and Homosha. Data on the disease intensity of anthracnose was recorded both in the field and in the market. Furthermore, factors associated with postharvest disease development were recorded through administration of a pretested semi-structured questionnaire to randomly selected papaya producers, wholesalers, and retailers. The results revealed that anthracnose of papaya was prevalent in all assessed localities, nevertheless, there was a significant (p < 0.05) difference between districts and peasant association in intensity of disease. At the orchard level, the disease incidence and severity ranged between 21.30–33.87% and 10.90–20.83%, respectively. Similarly, postharvest anthracnose incidence and severity ranged between 47.04–60.85% and 28.84–47.95%, respectively. Morphological and pathological identification of pure cultures from symptomatic fruits revealed that C. gloeosporioides was the causal agent of postharvest anthracnose of papaya in the Assosa Zone. Moreover, poor postharvest practices such as wrong methods of harvesting, improper handling of produce, and poor or improper transportation facilities are some factors that significantly influence postharvest disease development. This empirical evidence revealed that anthracnose is the major challenge to papaya production and utilization in Assosa, Western Ethiopia.
Staphylococcal aureus outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units: strategies, nuances, and lessons learned from the frontline
Authors: Rooney Christopher M. , Lancaster Rebecca , McKechnie Liz , Sethi Kavita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in neonates can result in significant morbidity and mortality. However, comparatively to adults, neonatal MRSA data remains relatively scarce. Additionally, while evidence-driven practices for adults have seen considerable progress, neonatal infection prevention strategies remain poorly described. The Leeds Newborn Service adopted a series of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures following a rise in MRSA cases in 2008–2009. This narrative review presents IPC measures for neonatal MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections and reflects upon local challenges and successes of these interventions. Our experience underscores the importance of an adaptive, evidence-based strategy, tailored to the neonatal population. Effectively addressing MRSA/MSSA requires continuous monitoring with sustained targeted interventions. Our key learning points highlight the intertwined difficulties of specific neonatal requirements and lack of definitive IPC guidance, suggesting a holistic approach is key for successful IPC outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit setting.
Unthinkable, Thinkable, and Back Again: The Use of Incarceration in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Johnson Brendyn , Leclerc Chloé 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe arrival of COVID-19 added potentially deadly consequences to incarceration. In response, jurisprudence developed allowing for some to be spared the deprivation of their liberty. However, there is insufficient empirical evidence that this avoidance of incarceration occurred in practice in Ontario. Using fieldwork methods conducted in Ontario criminal courts coupled with data from Statistics Canada, we investigate if a change in the use of incarceration during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and if friction emerged between those who may and may not espouse this new outlook. We find a notable and persistent decrease in the use of incarceration, that this was welcomed by many court actors but also that a fatigue with such leniency grew among others. We discuss what this fatigue might signify for the potential longevity of this more exceptional use of incarceration and more largely what this can signify about changes in Canada’s criminal justice system.
Compliance considerations in the geo-enrichment of an EHR data warehouse with social and environmental determinants of health
Authors: Abdallah Maryam , Bahroos Neil , Angyan Praveen , MacDonald Beau , Catignas Camilla , Garofalo Daniella , Chuang Amy , Abajian Hakob , Wilson John 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Social and environmental determinants of health (SEDoH) are crucial for achieving a holistic understanding of patient health. In fact, geographic factors may have more influence on health outcomes than patients’ genetics. Integrating SEDoH into the electronic health record (EHR), however, poses notable technical and compliance-related challenges. We evaluated barriers to the integration of SEDoH in the EHR and developed a privacy-preserving strategy to mitigate risk of protected health information exposure. Using coded identifiers for patient addresses, the strategy evaluates an alternative approach to ensure efficient, secure geocoding of data while preserving privacy throughout the data enrichment processes from numerous SEDoH data sources.
Social Inquisitiveness: A Normative Account of the Social Epistemic Virtue of Good Questioning
Authors: Cabral Marcelo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper I offer a characterization of the intellectual virtue of social inquisitiveness, paying attention to its difference from the individual virtue of inquisitiveness. I defend that there is a significant distinction between individual and social epistemic virtues: individual epistemic virtues are attributed to individuals and assessed by the quality of their cognitive powers, while social epistemic virtues are attributed to epistemic communities and are assessed by the quality of the epistemic relations within the communities. I begin presenting Lani Watson's characterization of the (individual) practice of questioning and its related intellectual virtue, inquisitiveness. While she does not employ normative language, I show that her description can be constructed through four norms. Then, based on an account of epistemic communities, I defend that, while epistemic virtues attributable to individuals have norms regulating cognitive powers, epistemic virtues attributable to epistemic communities have norms regulating social epistemic interactions and shared epistemic responsibility. I then present a robust characterization of the epistemic virtue of social inquisitiveness through its social epistemic norms: DISTRIBUTION, ACCESSIBILITY, SOCIAL SINCERITY, SOCIAL CONTEXT, and FREQUENCY. I respond to two possible objections to my account and conclude by offering suggestions to broaden the scope of the epistemology of questioning.
Treating taboo thoughts on a psychiatric intensive care unit: a four-phase mixed methods single case experimental design
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Gaskell Chris , Keslake Andy , Seneviratne Mike , Simmonds-Buckley Melanie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:Well-designed evaluations of psychological interventions on psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) are a rarity.Aims:To evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for intrusive taboo thoughts with a patient diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder admitted to a PICU due to significant ongoing risk of harm to self.Method:This was a four-phase ABC plus community follow-up (D) mixed methods n=1 single case experimental design. Four idiographic measures were collected daily across four phases; the baseline (A) was during PICU admission, the first treatment phase (B) was behavioural on the PICU, the second treatment phase (C) was cognitive on an acute ward and the follow-up phase (D) was conducted in the community. Four nomothetic measures were taken on admission, on discharge from the PICU, discharge from the acute ward and then at 4-week follow-up. The participant was also interviewed at follow-up using the Change Interview.Results:Compared with baseline, the behavioural and the cognitive interventions appeared effective in terms of improving calmness, optimism and rumination, but the effects on sociability were poor. There was evidence across idiographic and nomothetic outcomes of a relapse during the follow-up phase in the community. Eleven idiographic changes were reported in the interview and these tended to be unexpected, related to the therapy and personally important.Discussion:Single case methods can be responsive to tracking the progress of patients moving through in-patient pathways and differing modules of evidence-based interventions. There is a real need to implement robust outcome methodologies on PICUs to better evaluate the psychological aspects of care in this context.
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and wound complication: literature review and review of single surgeon series of myxoid liposarcoma treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgery
Authors: Perkins Christian S , Chandrasekar C R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART) is often used in the treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) including myxoid liposarcoma (MLS). Postoperative major wound complications (WC) are a well-recognised problem following NART.

Aims:
A review of the literature regarding the definition and incidence of WC following NART and surgery for STS and a retrospective review of a single surgeon series of 25 MLS.

Methods:
A literature search for papers focusing on MLS, NART and WC was performed, with 12 papers being reviewed. Retrospective data from a single surgeon series of 25 patients with MLS, treated with NART and surgery, were reviewed, focussing on WC.

Results:
The average rate of WC from the 12 papers included was 29·4% (20–47%), and the average rate of reoperation was 15·6% (7·3–24%). There were a range of definitions used for WC, most commonly O’Sullivan’s definition. In the single surgeon series, two patients (8%) developed WC and were treated conservatively, and there were no reoperations within 120 days.

Conclusion:
This literature review identified that there was a lack of consistency between the definitions used for major WC. The single surgeon series of MLS showed WC that were lower when compared to the reviewed literature (8% versus 29·4%).
Magnetospheric Time‐History in Storm‐Time Magnetic Flux Dynamics: A Global Simulation Campaign
Authors: Atilaw T. Y. , Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Al Shidi Q. , Pulkkinen T. I. , Fontaine D. , Le Contel O. , Slavin J. A. , Le G. , Chen L.‐J. , Reiff P. H. , Alqeeq S. W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to quantify the magnetospheric magnetic flux contents under moderate to intense space weather conditions using global simulations. This study is a companion to Akhavan‐Tafti, Atilaw, et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031832) where magnetic flux evolution is presented for a catalog of storm events, using Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO) observations. For this study, we used the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) in Geospace configuration to study magnetic flux dynamics for a subset of their storm events (15 events). Simulations reliably resolve the storm‐time magnetic flux Bz and current density |J| asymmetries across the different storm phases. It is revealed that: relative to the quiet period, flux content is enhanced during the storm sudden commencement (SSC) phase in the dayside by ΔBz/Bz, quiet = +17%, and reduced in the nightside magnetosphere (r[RE] < −6 RE) by −15%. At the same time, the cross‐tail current is found to enhance (|J| = 2 nA/m2), which suggests the storm impact in the nightside magnetosphere is much earlier in the storm cycle than previously shown. Concurring with previous studies, a significant depletion of magnetic flux by up to −40%, with day‐night and dawn‐dusk asymmetries, can be seen during the main and recovery phases. This corresponds to the enhanced current density (|J| = 5–8 nA/m2) at ∼6 RE further confirming the role of ring current in driving magnetospheric dynamics during the main and recovery phases. This is in contrast with the SSC phase wherein the Chapman‐Ferraro and cross‐tail currents are the dominant current systems.