bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bioactivity of dietary anthocyanins is likely to be mediated by their degradation products
Authors: Kay Colin D. , Kroon Paul A. , Cassidy Aedin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo date the in vitro mechanistic bioactivity of anthocyanins has been exclusively explored using aglycones and glycoside conjugates, despite a lack of evidence establishing these as the biologically available forms. We conducted intestinal epithelial cell (Caco‐2 cells) culture experiments, which indicated that after a 4 h incubation of anthocyanins in cell‐free culture media (DMEM), 57% of the initial cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) and 96% of cyanidin had degraded. The level of degradation was not statistically different from that of cultured cell incubations, suggesting that degradation was spontaneous. Degradation products were identified as protocatechuic acid (PCA) and phloroglucinaldehyde (PGA), and were confirmed in two other buffer matrices (phosphate and Hank's buffers). In cultured cell media the degradation products PCA and PGA were metabolised to glucuronide and sulphate conjugates, as indicated by both enzyme hydrolysis (sulphatase and glucuronidase treatments) and MS (PCA and PGA m/z = 155; sulphate = 235; glucuronide = 331). These data suggest a significant proportion of intestinal metabolites of anthocyanins are likely to be conjugates of their degradation products. Future efforts to establish the biological activities of anthocyanins should therefore include the investigation of phenolic acid and aldehyde products of degradation, along with their respective metabolites.
Adherence to walking or stretching, and risk of preeclampsia in sedentary pregnant women
Authors: Yeo SeonAe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPregnant women at risk for preeclampsia may benefit from the positive effects of exercise, but they may be unlikely to adhere to an exercise program. A randomized trial was conducted with 124 sedentary pregnant women to compare the effects of walking exercise to a stretching exercise on adherence and on the preeclampsia risk factors of heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and weight gain. Walkers exercised less than stretchers both overall and as pregnancy advanced. HR and blood pressure were lower among stretchers than walkers, but weight gain did not differ between the groups. For sedentary pregnant women, a stretching exercise may be more effective than walking in mitigating the risk of preeclampsia due to higher adherence and possible cardiac–physiologic effects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 379–390, 2009
The essence of healing from sexual violence: A qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Draucker Claire Burke , Martsolf Donna S. , Ross Ratchneewan , Cook Christina Benson , Stidham Andrea Warner , Mweemba Prudencia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA qualitative metasynthesis was conducted to identify the essence of healing from sexual violence, as described by adults who experienced it as children or as adults. Based on the findings of 51 reports, four domains of healing were identified: (a) managing memories, (b) relating to important others, (c) seeking safety, and (c) reevaluating self. The ways of healing within each domain reflected opposing responses. The dialectical process identified for each of the four domains include, respectively: (a) calling forth memories, (b) regulating relationships with others, (c) constructing an “as‐safe‐as‐possible” lifeworld, and (d) restoring a sense of self. These complex processes resulted in a new reality for the participants that was based on a greater sense of agency and provided a more satisfying life course. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 366–378, 2009
Branding HIV/AIDS communication: the social marketing campaigns of MTV and Viacom
Authors: Martens Cheryl 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Based on an ethnographic study of the production and reception of HIV/AIDS public service campaigns by MTV and Viacom, this paper examines the role of branding in HIV/AIDS education promotion. A main premise of the paper is that audiences for HIV/AIDS social marketing campaigns are now less addressed in terms of the classic HIV/AIDS prevention categories of ‘general public’ and ‘risk groups’ and are increasingly viewed as ‘market segments’ implicated in the campaigns in relation to the techniques of branding. Drawing on examples from research conducted amongst audiences in the North of England, the findings highlight the differing audience understandings of the branded consumer objects and icons of HIV awareness. Using a cultural materialist perspective, concerned with the relationship between the campaigns and social relations, this paper examines the process of corporate‐sponsored HIV/AIDS campaigns. The findings underscore how social marketing campaigns are increasingly being related to as branded media objects and icons, closely tied to people's material experience and understandings of the aesthetics framing these branded objects and icons. The paper argues that identification and engagement with the campaigns is most evident amongst participants who shared the consumer values and the marketing discourses used by marketing managers and producers of the public service announcements.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with polyurethane shell: preparation, characterization, and its flame retardance in polyurethane
Authors: Ni Jianxiong , Tai Qilong , Lu Hongdian , Hu Yuan , Song Lei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of polyurethane (PU) microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) were prepared by in situ polymerization from toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and pentaerythtritol (PER). And the structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then it chose the optimal PEG constituent to design microcapsule from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water solubility test. The combustion and thermal degradation behaviors of PU blended APP or MCAPP were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL‐94 test, and microcombustion calorimetry. The results showed that the PU/MCAPP had better thermal stability and flame retardance, due to the stable char forming by APP and PU shell. Moreover, the water resistance of flame retarded PU composite was greatly improved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infection‐related mortality in children with malignancy in England and Wales, 2003–2005
Authors: Bate Jessica , Ladhani Shamez , Sharland Mike , Chisholm Julia , Lamagni Theresa , Ramsay Mary , Johnson Alan , Pebody Richard 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundInfections are an important component of treatment‐related mortality in children with malignancy. Infection‐related mortality is potentially preventable and it is important to identify areas where prevention and treatment can be improved such as through vaccination, early diagnosis and aggressive management. The aim of this study is to describe the infections contributing to deaths in children under 15 years with malignancy in England and Wales in the period 2003–2005.ProcedureAnalysis of death certificate data of children under 15 years in England and Wales from 2003–2005 identified all patients with pre‐selected ICD‐10 codes relating to haematological malignancy or solid tumours and an infectious disease as the main or underlying cause of death.ResultsThere were 82 infection‐related deaths contributing to approximately 25% of all deaths from haematological malignancy and 5% of all deaths from solid tumours during 2003–2005. This included 15 relapsed patients (18%), 5 haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients (6%) and 4 patients with Down's syndrome (5%). Organisms were documented in 44 deaths (54%). Seventeen infections (21%) were fungal of which 12 (15%) were Aspergillus; 17 (21%) were bacterial, including 9 (11%) Gram‐negative isolates. There were 10 (12%) infection‐related deaths where viruses were identified of which three deaths were from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).ConclusionsThis study shows that infections still make an important contribution to deaths amongst children with malignancy. Effective prevention strategies need to be identified and strengthened. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:371–374. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
iTRAQ quantitative analysis of Francisella tularensis ssp. holarctica live vaccine strain and Francisella tularensis ssp. tularensis SCHU S4 response to different temperatures and stationary phases of growth
Authors: Lenco Juraj , Link Marek , Tambor Vojtech , Zaková Jitka , Cerveny Lukas , Stulik and Jiri 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProteomics has been shown to significantly contribute to the investigation of the pathogenicity of the extremely infectious bacteria Francisella tularensis. In this study, the authors employed iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis in order to monitor alterations in proteomes of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica live vaccine strain and F. tularensis ssp. tularensis SCHU S4 associated with the cultivation at different temperatures or in the stationary phase. Correlated production of the identified proteins studied by the exploratory statistical analysis revealed novel candidates for virulence factors that were regulated in a similar manner to the genes encoded in the Francisella Pathogenicity Island. Moreover, the assessment of the adaptation of live vaccine strain and SCHU S4 strain to the examined stimuli uncovered differences in their physiological responses to the stationary phase of growth.
A critical comparison between two classical and a kit‐based method for mitochondria isolation
Authors: Hartwig Sonja , Feckler Christian , Lehr Stefan , Wallbrecht Katrin , Wolgast Heike , Müller‐Wieland Dirk , Kotzka Jörg 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNumerous protocols for isolation of mitochondria are available. Here, three methods for the isolation of intact mitochondria from mouse liver tissues are compared with regard to yield, purity and activity. Mitochondria were isolated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, free‐flow electrophoresis or a commercially available kit‐based method. Our analyses show that the sophisticated (and most expensive) free‐flow electrophoresis method enables isolation of intact mitochondria with an enrichment of approximately 70%. Using the classical density centrifugation method is very laborious and time‐consuming, but delivers about 57% intact mitochondria. Using standard laboratory equipment in a quick and simple procedure, the kit provides approximately 50% intact mitochondria, suitable for most standard investigations.
Proteomic analysis of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea during cellulose degradation
Authors: Fernández‐Acero Francisco Javier , Colby Thomas , Harzen Anne , Cantoral Jesús Manuel , Schmidt Jürgen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe ascomycete Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus infecting and causing significant yield losses in a number of crops. Moreover, in the last few years, B. cinerea has been adopted as an important model system in molecular phytopathology. In spite of these contributions, the molecular basis of the infection cycle remains unclear. Proteomic approaches have revealed significant information about the infective cycle of several pathogens, including B. cinerea. The main aim of this study is to make available a proteomic database containing a significant number of identified proteins from B. cinerea. In brief, three independent B. cinerea cultures supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose were used, and the extracted proteins were independently separated by 2‐D PAGE to obtain the proteome map from B. cinerea. Two hundred and sixty‐seven spots were selected for MALDI TOF/TOF MS analysis, resulting in 303 positive identifications, mostly representing unannotated proteins. Identified proteins were then classified into categories using the PANTHER classification system (www.pantherdb.org), showing the relevance of protein metabolism and modification process and oxidoreductase activity. Since cellulose is one of the major components of the plant cell wall, many of the identified proteins may have a crucial role in the pathogenicity process. In brief, this proteomic map of B. cinerea will be a useful basis for exploring the proteins involved in the infection cycle, which will in turn provide new targets for crop diagnosis and focused fungicide design.
Differential proteomic analysis of adrenal gland during postnatal development
Authors: Pascual Alberto , Romero‐Ruiz Antonio , Lopez‐Barneo Jose 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe adrenal glands (AGs) are endocrine organs essential for life. They undergo a fetal to adult developmental maturation process, occurring in rats during the first postnatal month. The molecular modifications underlying these ontogenic changes are essentially unknown. Here we report the results of a comparative proteomic analysis performed on neonatal (Postnatal day 3) versus adult (Postnatal day 30) AGs, searching for proteins with a relative higher abundance at each age. We have identified a subset of proteins with relevant expression in each developmental period using 2‐DE and DIGE analysis. The identified proteins belong to several functional categories, including proliferation/differentiation, cell metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. To study if the changes in the proteome are correlated with changes at the mRNA level, we have randomly selected several proteins with differential expression and measured their relative mRNA levels using quantitative RT‐PCR. Cell‐cycle regulating proteins (retinoblastoma binding protein 9 and prohibitin) with contrasting effects on proliferation are expressed differentially in neonatal and adult AG. Progesterone metabolizing enzymes, up‐regulated in the neonatal gland, might contribute to the hyporesponsiveness of the adrenal cortex characteristic of this developmental period. We have also observed in the adult gland a marked up‐regulation of enzymes involved in NAD(P)H production, thus providing the reducing power necessary for steroid hormone biosynthesis.
Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase is overexpressed in the conditioned medium and the extract of LNCaP lineaged androgen independent cell lines and facilitates prostate cancer progression
Authors: Pang Bo , Zhang Hui , Wang Jian , Chen Wen‐Zheng , Li Shan‐Hu , Shi Qing‐Guo , Liang Rei‐Xia , Xie Bang‐Xiang , Wu Rui‐Qin , Qian Xiao‐Long , Yu Lan , Li Qi‐Man , Huang Cui‐Fen , Zhou Jian‐Guang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAndrogen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) is not responsive to androgen ablation therapy. The biomarkers of AIPC are lack. Numerous proteomics studies have focused on finding new markers of AIPC and exploring their possible functions, but little is known about the difference between conditioned medium (CM) from AIPC and androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) cells.METHODSWe performed a proteome analysis of CM from LNCaP, C4‐2, and C4‐2B cells by a two dimensional electrophoresis based technology. Western blots and immunohistochemical studies were employed to explore the expression pattern of the identified protein in prostate cancer cell lines and clinical specimens, respectively. Then we examined the possible roles and mechanisms of the ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK) in vitro.RESULTSBesides prostate specific antigen (PSA) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐2 (IGFBP2), uMtCK was identified in the CM of AIPC cells. uMtCK was up‐regulated in AIPC cells and in human prostate cancer tissues at WHO grade III. Stably transfected exogenous uMtCK showed a growth promoting effect rather than mock vector in LNCaP cells, with or without bicalutamide in culture medium. Further assays showed that higher degrees of ROS generation and Akt signaling pathway activation in LNCaP‐uMtCK than in LNCaP‐neo cells.CONCLUSIONSWe showed that uMtCK could be easily detected in CM of LNCaP lineaged AIPC cells. Exogenous uMtCK in LNCaP cells surprisingly contributed to overproduction of ROS, activation of Akt signaling pathway and more aggressive phenotypes including androgen independence development. Prostate 69:1176–1187, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of ultrathin high‐efficiency silicon solar cells
Authors: Kray Daniel , McIntosh Keith R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present experimental data on ultrathin silicon wafer solar cells as well as the analytical description of their open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. For this we use the analytical model of Fischer and Plagwitz to describe the rear surface recombination that we extend for very low wafer thicknesses. We observe an unexpected drop of the cell voltage at ∼40 μm thickness. This decrease cannot be described by the used models and is not reproduced via DESSIS simulations. From the new series resistance formula we can derive an analytical relationship for the fill factor. This allows us to perform a loss analysis of the cells and an optimization of the point contact pitch for different cell thicknesses. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The field emission properties of nonpolar a ‐plane n‐type GaN films grown on nano‐patterned sapphire substrates
Authors: Sun Lili , Yan Fawang , Wang Junxi , Zhang Huixiao , Zeng Yiping , Wang Guohong , Li Jinmin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSi‐doped nonpolar a ‐plane GaN films were grown on nano‐patterned sapphire substrates by a low‐pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The structure, morphology and field emission properties of the sample were studied by means of high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission measurement. The XRD analysis shows that the sample is a nonpolar a ‐plane (11$ \bar 2 $0) GaN film. The field emission measurement shows that the nonpolar GaN films exhibit excellent field emission properties with a threshold emission field of as low as 10 V/μm at a current density of 0.63 μA/cm2, and a high field emission current density of 74 mA/cm2 at an applied field of 24 V/μm. Moreover, the Fowler–Nordheim plot of the sample fits a near linear relation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies of the tetragonal distortion due to Jahn–Teller effect for the Cu2+ centres in trigonal ZnMF6·6H2O (M = Si, Ti, Zr) crystals from the calculations of spin‐Hamiltonian parameters
Authors: Yang Wei‐Qing , He Lv , Liu Hong‐Gang , Zheng Wen‐Chen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe spin‐Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g ‐factors g∥, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A∥, A⊥) of the tetragonal Cu(H2O)62+ centres (which are caused by the static Jahn–Teller effect) in trigonal ZnMF6·6H2O (M = Si, Ti, Zr) crystals are calculated from two theoretical methods, the perturbation theory method (PTM) and the complete diagonalization (of energy matrix) method (CDM). In the calculations, the required crystal‐field parameters are estimated from the superposition model which enables correlation of the crystal‐field parameters and hence the SH parameters with the tetragonal distortion (characterized by ΔR = R∥ – R⊥, where R∥ and R⊥ denote the metal–ligand distances parallel with and perpendicular to the tetragonal axis) of Cu(H2O)62+ centres. The calculated SH parameters from both methods are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values, suggesting that both PTM and CDM can explain satisfactorily the SH parameters of 3d9 ions in crystals. The tetragonal distortion of the Cu(H2O)62+ centres in ZnMF6·6H2O crystals are also obtained from the calculations. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methodology for the structural characterisation of Vx Oy species supported on silica under reaction conditions by means of in situ O K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Hävecker Michael , Cavalleri Matteo , Herbert Rita , Follath Rolf , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Hess Christian , Hermann Klaus , Schlögl Robert 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA methodology and its application to silica supported vanadia are presented that allows for a detailed analysis of structural peculiarities of the vanadia species on the surface. We introduce in situ oxygen K‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) based on the Auger electron yield (AEY) technique as a characterisation tool to assist vibrational spectroscopy that has been applied extensively in earlier work on this system. The analysis of the O K‐near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) allows a clear distinction between separate vanadia, silica and interface contribution in contrast to vibrational spectroscopy with strongly overlapping contributions due to vibrational coupling. Differently coordinated oxygen can be identified in the O K‐NEXAFS spectrum by comparison with theoretical spectra obtained by state of the art density‐functional theory (DFT) calculation. A study of catalysts with different V loadings (0 wt% V, 2.7 wt% V, and 10.8 wt% V) shows that the contributions of silica to the NEXAFS appear in an energy region well separated from the spectral signature of oxygen bound to vanadium. Dehydrated catalysts with high (10.8 wt% V) and low (2.7 wt% V) vanadium loading on silica SBA‐15 show identical NEXAFS under in situ conditions. This finding indicates that independent of the loading a distribution of vanadia species with a very similar molecular structure, including non‐monomeric as well as possibly monomeric configurations and different from crystalline V2O5, is present on this model catalyst. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic ordering in TiO2 thin films studied by X‐ray reflection spectroscopy
Authors: Filatova Elena , Taracheva Elena , Shevchenko Galina , Sokolov Andrey , Kozhevnikov Igor , Yulin Sergey , Schaefers Franz , Braun Walter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper shows the importance of soft X‐ray reflection spectroscopy as a non‐destructive in‐depth characterization tool for the middle atomic ordering in TiO2 thin films. The microstructure of TiO2 films synthesized by magnetron sputtering on Si(100) wafers was characterized by X‐ray reflection spectroscopy (XRS), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) method and X‐ray reflectometry (XRR). Reflection spectra and calculated absorption spectra were analyzed in the vicinity of Ti L2,3 and O K absorption edges. It was established that the 70 nm TiO2 film is polycrystalline with an anatase structure and homogeneous in depth. The 10 nm TiO2 film is amorphous. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New Structural Descriptors of Molecules on the Basis of Symbiosis of the Informational Field Model and Simplex Representation of Molecular Structure
Authors: Ognichenko Lyudmila N. , Kuz'min Victor E. , Artemenko Anatoly G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article the calculation scheme of new molecular descriptors on the basis of symbiosis of the informational field model and simplex representation of molecular structure (so‐called, simplex‐informational descriptors) is introduced. The following advantages of the proposed descriptors are demonstrated: i) high‐sensitivity to molecular structure changes; ii) good mechanistic interpretation; and iii) the ability to produce well‐fitted, robust and predictive QSAR models. The efficiency of the method is also demonstrated on the example of QSAR analysis of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, and ligands of 5‐HT1A receptors. QSAR tasks have been solved using the PLS‐method. Resulting 2D models are obtained using simplex‐informational and original simplex descriptors and were also compared with descriptors generated by other QSAR approaches (COMFA, COMSIA, EVA, HQSAR). The advantage of the developed method over others are shown by the comparison of different statistical characteristics.