bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Carp and Mammalian Skin Gelatin Films
Authors: Ninan George , Joseph Jose , Abubacker Zynudheen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Films of 0.11 to 0.13 mm thickness were prepared using gelatins from the skins of cultured freshwater carp species and mammalian gelatins viz., porcine and bovine skin gelatin. A comparative study was made on the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of these films. The amino acid composition, gel strength, clarity, and gel setting point of the gelatins were also determined. Carp skin gelatins had a lower imino acid content (19.16% to 20.86%) than mammalian skin gelatins (22.91% to 23.7%). Grass carp gelatin had gel strength of 230.2 B that is comparable to the reported value for bovine skin gelatin (227.2 B). The bloom values of rohu and common carp skin gelatins were 188.6 B and 181.3 B, respectively, which were significantly lower than mammalian gelatins. Mammalian gels have significantly higher (P < 0.05) setting temperatures (23.7 to 24.2 °C) than carp skin gelatins. Tensile strength (TS) was lowest for films from common carp and rohu skin gelatin (490 and 497 kg/cm2, respectively) and highest for porcine skin gelatin film. The degree of transparency (L*) was significantly higher for films from grass carp, bovine hide, and pork skin gelatin films. Carp skin gelatin films had significantly lower water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) than mammalian skin gelatin films, which indicated that carp skin gelatin based films have superior barrier properties than mammalian skin gelatin films.Practical Application:  Carp species viz., rohu, common carp, and grass carp form the bulk of the aquaculture production in India and studies have shown that the filleting waste of these species, particularly skin can be a good source of gelatin with functional properties comparable to mammalian gelatins. Films prepared from these sources have good potential as replacer for mammalian gelatin based edible films. A comparative study of the physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of these films with mammalian gelatin films will give a better understanding of the specific areas of application viz., quality preservation and shelf life extension of muscle foods.
A Low‐Calorie Beverage Supplemented with Low‐Viscosity Pectin Reduces Energy Intake at a Subsequent Meal
Authors: Perrigue Martine , Carter Brett , Roberts Susan A. , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  The addition of fiber to foods and beverages has been linked with greater satiety and reduced energy intakes at the next meal. However, measures of satiety can be influenced by the time interval between beverage consumption and the next meal. The objective of this study was to determine how the time interval between consumption and a subsequent test meal impacts the satiating power of a low‐calorie beverage supplemented with low‐viscosity pectin fiber. Forty‐two participants (20 men, 22 women) each participated in 4 study sessions. Study preloads were 2 low‐calorie beverages (355 mL, 8 kcal) containing either 0 g fiber (no fiber) or 8 g low‐viscosity fiber (added fiber). These preloads were consumed either 90 min before lunch or 15 min before lunch. Every 15 min, participants rated hunger, desire to eat, fullness, and thirst using 100‐mm visual analogue scales. A test lunch was served and plate waste was measured. Beverages with added fiber reduced energy intakes at lunch relative to those without fiber. A short delay (15 min) between beverage consumption and a subsequent meal was associated with higher satiety ratings and reduced energy intakes, regardless of fiber content. The addition of low‐viscosity pectin to low‐calorie beverages reduced energy intakes at the next meal, presenting a possible tool for intake regulation. A short time interval between consumption of a low‐calorie beverage and a meal also increased satiety and decreased food intake, reflecting the short‐lived effect of volume.Practical Application:  Consumption of a low‐calorie beverage supplemented with 8 g of low‐viscosity pectin fiber reduced energy intakes at the next meal. However, beverages consumed 15 min prior to the test meal were associated with higher satiety and lower subsequent energy intakes than beverages consumed 90 min prior to the test meal, regardless of fiber content. Timing of preload consumption has an important impact on measures of satiating power.
Electrostatic Sprays of Food‐Grade Acids and Plant Extracts are More Effective than Conventional Sprays in Decontaminating Salmonella Typhimurium on Spinach
Authors: Ganesh Vijayalakshmi , Hettiarachchy Navam S. , Ravichandran Madhuram , Johnson Michael G. , Griffis Carl L. , Martin Elizabeth M. , Meullenet Jean‐Francois , Ricke Steven C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  About 40000 people fall victim to Salmonella infections every year in the United States. Recent occurrences of Salmonella contaminated spinach and its recalls have accelerated the need for efficient antimicrobials targeting these pathogens. Our study was aimed at evaluating the inhibitory properties of malic, tartaric, and lactic acids, and grape seed extract (GSE) alone and in combinations and their application methods against Salmonella Typhimurium‐inoculated spinach using a response surface method. Fresh spinach leaves were washed, disinfected with sodium hypochlorite solution (0.04% v/v), rewashed with sterile deionized (DI) water, and inoculated with a 2nd‐day culture of S. Typhimurium (7.0 log CFU/mL). Adhered S. Typhimurium population on day 0 were 7.5 log CFU/g. These were treated with individual and combinations of organic acids with GSE or DI water (control) adjusted to the same pH as that of the test solutions with both the modes of application and leaves were refrigerated at 4 °C. Malic acid (2%) in combination with GSE (3%) or lactic acid (3%) sprayed electrostatically showed reductions of 2.6 to 3.3 log CFU/g compared to lower log reductions (0.0 to 0.3 log CFU/g) by day 14 if sprayed conventionally. These findings indicate that malic acid in combination with GSE/lactic acid solutions applied by electrostatic spraying exhibited higher inhibition of pathogens than conventional spraying and can be used for commercial applications to enhance food safety.Practical Application:  Electrostatic spraying is a novel technology that can be used to apply natural antimicrobials onto spinach for effective decontamination of food pathogens. The technique introduces the economical use of food‐grade organic acids and grape seed extract that offer health benefits in addition to antimicrobial properties. The multiple hurdle technology could be extended to disinfect other fresh produce, meat systems, and other commercial food safety applications.
Articles: Association of An Intronic, but Not Any Exonic, FRMD4B Sequence Variant and Heart Failure
Authors: Matkovich Scot J. , Van Booven Derek J. , Cappola Thomas P. , Dorn II Gerald W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCommon forms of heart failure (HF) exhibit familial clustering, but specific genetic risk factors have been challenging to identify. A recent single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray study implicated a locus within an intron of FRMD4B in Caucasian HF. Here, we used next‐generation resequencing of pooled DNA and individual Sequenom genotyping to test for associations between FRMD4B SNPs and ischemic and/or nonischemic cardiomyopathy in two independent populations. Exonic resequencing of Caucasians and African‐Americans identified 32 FRMD4B SNPs, 13 of which had allele frequencies greater than 1%. None of these common FRMD4B SNPs were significantly associated with ischemic, nonischemic, or all‐cause HF in either of the study populations. We individually genotyped the seminal intronic rs6787362 FRMD4B SNP in the primary study population and compared genotypes between HF cases and controls. The rs6787362 variant allele was more frequent in Caucasians with ischemic cardiomyopathy, and carriers (heterozygous or homozygous) of the variant allele had increased risk of HF (OR 1.437, CI 1.085–1.904; p= 0.0118). No such association was seen for African‐American HF. These results confirm an association between the intronic rs6787362 FRMD4B SNP and ischemic cardiomyopathy in a European‐derived population, but do not support the proposition that coding FRMD4B variants are susceptibility factors in common HF. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 134–139
Thirteen‐week dose‐intensifying simultaneous combination chemotherapy protocol for malignant lymphoma in dogs
Authors: Zenker I. , Meichner K. , Steinle K. , Kessler M. , Hirschberger J. 
Published: November 2010

This prospective study aimed to record the toxicity profile of a dose‐intensifying simultaneous chemotherapy (DISC) protocol for lymphoma in dogs. Remission rates and the duration of the protocol were also evaluated. Twenty‐one dogs were studied. Diagnosis was based on cytological or histological assessments. The DISC protocol is a 13‐week maintenance‐free protocol. L‐Asparaginase (400 iu/kg) was administered subcutaneously on day 1, followed by weekly simultaneous intravenous administration of vincristine (0.7 mg/m2= 100 per cent), cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2= 100 per cent) and doxorubicin (30 mg/m2= 100 per cent) at a starting dose level of 33 per cent. Dose levels were given twice and then increased by 5 to 7 per cent if grade 0 or I toxicities were seen, to a maximum dose level of 60 per cent. Two dogs experienced a grade IV toxicity (asymptomatic neutropenia in one dog and sepsis in the other). Two episodes of asymptomatic grade III thrombocytopenia and one episode of neutropenia were recorded. Other toxic events were infrequent and mild. Only one dog required hospitalisation for less than 72 hours. Seventeen dogs (80.9 per cent) achieved complete remission, one (4.8 per cent) achieved partial remission, two (9.5 per cent) had stable disease and in one (4.8 per cent) disease progressed.
On the stabilization of the carbonate dianion by sulfur dioxide
Authors: Grein Friedrich , Chan Justin K. , Liko Idlir 
Published: November 2010

The stabilization in the gas phase of the carbonate dianion [Formula: see text] by SO2 molecules is being investigated. The geometries of various isomers of [Formula: see text] (SO2)n and [Formula: see text] (SO2)n, for n = 1–4, have been optimized by the B3PW91/6−311+G(3df) method. Single-point CCSD and CCSD(T) energies at the DFT-optimized geometries were obtained for n = 1–3, using the 6−311+G(d) basis set. For n = 1 and 2, the monoanionic clusters are adiabatically more stable than the dianionic ones. However, starting at n = 3, they become less stable. The CCSD adiabatic electron detachment energy of the dianionic cluster switches from −0.39 eV for n = 2 to +0.20 eV for n = 3. The vertical electron detachment energy turns positive at n = 2, with a CCSD value of 1.35 eV. Several of the less stable dianionic, and most of the monoionic clusters, are characterized by the transfer of an oxygen atom from CO3 to SO2, forming [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] units, owing to [Formula: see text] + CO2 being more stable than [Formula: see text] + SO2. For the stabilization of the sulfate dianion by stepwise hydration, studied both experimentally and theoretically by other groups, a minimum of three water molecules was required.
The long-term course of factor VIII inhibitors in patients with congenital haemophilia A without immune tolerance induction
Authors: Caram Camila , de Souza Roberta Grazielle , de Sousa Júlio Carepa , Pereira Tatiana Araújo , Cerqueira Ana Maria do Amaral , van Der Bom Johanna , Rezende Suely Meireles 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe development of alloantibodies that inhibit or neutralise the function of factor VIII is considered the most serious complication of the treatment of congenital haemophilia A. In order to describe their course without immune tolerance induction (ITI), we documented data on all performed inhibitor tests with dates as well as on clotting factor infusions of all consecutive patients who were treated in our centre between 1993 and 2006. Patients were tested every 7.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6–7.8). A ‘sustained negative inhibitor status’ was defined as consistent non-positive inhibitor measurements for two years or longer. A total of 60/486 (12%) patients tested had a positive inhibitor titre in two or more occasions. Most of the patients (56%) with a maximum inhibitor titre of < 5 Bethesda unit (BU)/ml (named “low titre inhibitor”) developed a sustained negative inhibitor status. Among patients with high (5–9.9 BU/ml) and very high (≥ 10 BU/ ml) inhibitor titres, the proportions were 50% and 3%, respectively. Our findings suggest that ITI might not be needed for all patients with non-transient inhibitors, especially when their maximum inhibitor titre is below 10 BU/ml. Further studies in countries where ITI is not available are needed to examine predictors of the natural sustained negative inhibitor status.
Low insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with anaemia in adult non-diabetic subjects
Authors: Succurro Elena , Arturi Franco , Caruso Vittoria , Rudi Stefania , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Hribal Marta , Perticone Francesco , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: November 2010

SummaryAnaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among factors responsible for anaemia, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a plausible candidate. We evaluated the association of IGF-1 with haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and anaemia in a cohort of 1,039 Caucasians subjects. Subjects with anaemia exhibited lower IGF-1 (p=0.006), and higher hsCRP levels (p=0.003). To estimate the independent contribution of variables to Hb concentration, a multivariable regression analysis was modeled including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, IGF-1, fibrinogen, hsCRP, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum iron, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). The variables significantly associated with Hb concentration were gender (p<0.0001), IGF-1 (p<0.0001), waist circumference (p=0.02), hsCRP (p<0.04), MCH (p<0.0001), MCV (p<0.0001), serum iron (p=0.001), IGF-1 (p=0.003), hsCRP (p=0.008), and waist circumference (p=0.01), accounting for 54.0% of its variation. Hb concentration was significant lower in subjects in the lowest IGF-1 quartile as compared with those in the third (p=0.02) and fourth (p=0.001). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, fibrinogen, hsCRP, MCH, MCV, serum iron, eGFR, and treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs, subjects in the first quartile of IGF-1 had a 2.49-fold higher risk of having anaemia as compared with those in the fourth (odds ratio 2.70, 95% confidence interval 1.02–7.16). Our data suggest that low IGF-1 may be an important contributor to mild anaemia.
High incidence of ankle arthropathy in mild and moderate haemophilia A
Authors: Ling Min , Heysen Jonathan Peter Hans , Duncan Elizabeth Mary , Rodgers Susan Elizabeth , Lloyd John Viner 
Published: November 2010

SummaryA clinical study of patients with mild haemophilia A to document the frequency and severity of arthropathy has not been previously published. We studied ankle arthropathy in 34 patients with mild/moderate haemophilia A. The patients were assessed for the presence and severity of pain, and by the physical and radiological scoring systems for the evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy recommended by the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH). Of the 34 patients, 16 (47%) had ankle pain, which was of moderate to severe degree in nine patients, and associated with limitation of physical activities in 13 patients. Of 33 patients examined by radiology 17 (52%) were positive for ankle arthropathy, and of these, 16 were also positive by the physical score. The presence and severity of ankle arthropathy was more common in patients with a one-stage factor VIII level of less than or equal to 11 IU/ dl. There was a significant relationship between the presence of ankle arthropathy and a history of bleeds into the ankle joint as a child. We conclude that arthropathy of the ankle in these patients is common, is often severe and disabling, and is due to episodes of bleeding into the ankle joint during childhood.
Diversity of feeding strategies in adult Mecoptera
Authors: Palmer Christopher 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article I review the diet and feeding behaviour of adult scorpionflies in the nine extant families. Members of the Apteropanorpidae and Panorpidae are saprophagous on dead and decaying invertebrates, and the only known eomeropid Notiothauma reedi is also saprophagous on animal matter. Bittacids are predacious on a variety of invertebrates, predominantly insects. Both bittacids and panorpids supplement their diet with a variety of food sources such as nectar, and members of the Nannochoristidae most likely utilise nectar as the primary food source. Adult Panorpodidae are phytophagous, and all species of Boreidae are also regarded as phytophagous, although feeding on invertebrate carrion has also been reported for this family. The diets of the Meropeidae and Choristidae in natural habitats are unknown, although choristids may be saprophagous based on laboratory investigations. Nuptial feeding is a feature of the Bittacidae and Panorpidae, whereby the male provides the female with a food item as a prelude to or during courtship, and the female feeds on it during copulation. Relating head morphology to known diets indicates some patterns. The rostrum is more elongate in those taxa known to feed predominantly on animal matter, and shorter and wider in plant-feeding taxa such as the Panorpodidae. An exception is the predominantly phytophagous Boreidae, in which most species have a long rostrum.
Mixing Apples and Hand Grenades The Logical Limit of Applying Human Rights Norms to Armed Conflict
Authors: Corn Geoffrey 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOne of the most complex contemporary debates related to the regulation of armed conflict is the relationship between international humanitarian law (or the law of armed conflict) and international human rights law. Since human rights experts first began advocating for the complementary application of these two bodies of law, there has been a steady march of human rights application into an area formerly subject to the exclusive regulation of the law of armed conflict (LOAC). While the legal aspects of this debate are both complex and fascinating, like all areas of conflict regulation the outcome must ultimately produce guidelines that can be translated into an effective operational framework for war-fighters. In an era of an already complex and often confused battle space, there can be little tolerance for adding complexity and confusion to the rules that war-fighters must apply in the execution of their missions. Instead, clarity is essential to aid them in navigating this complexity. This article will explore this debate from a military operational perspective. It asserts the invalidity of extreme views in this complementarity debate, and that the inevitable invocation of human rights obligations in the context of armed conflict necessitates a careful assessment of where symmetry between these two sources of law is operationally logical and where that logic dissipates.
Hip Acetabular Dysplasia and Joint Laxity of Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Injured Patients
Authors: Yamazaki Junya , Muneta Takeshi , Ju Young-Jin , Morito Toshiyuki , Okuwaki Toru , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: November 2010

Background: It has been noted that some female anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients have complaints of both coxalgia and joint laxity. Hypothesis: Female anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients tend to have both acetabular dysplasia and generalized joint laxity. Study Design: Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Hip radiographs of 100 female anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients and 40 female athletes without any hip joint complaints or history of anterior cruciate ligament injury were evaluated by measuring their center-edge angle (CEA). In addition, generalized joint laxity tests using 8 items were performed for anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients. Anterior-posterior (A-P) tibiofemoral translation of the uninjured knee was measured using a KT-1000 knee arthrometer to evaluate joint laxity under anesthesia before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Results: The average (± standard deviation) CEA of female anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients was 25.5° ± 5.3° (uninjured side) and 25.8° ± 4.8° (injured side), and that of the control group was 28.2° ± 4.2° (right side) and 29.2° ± 5.7° (left side), both P < .05. Among the 100 patients with anterior cruciate ligament tears, both the generalized joint laxity score and A-P tibiofemoral translation of the group with acetabular dysplasia (CEA of <25°, n = 37) were significantly greater than that of the normal group (CEA of ≥25°, n = 63). There was a negative correlation between the CEA of female anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients and both the generalized joint laxity score and A-P tibiofemoral translation. Conclusion: The CEA of female anterior cruciate ligament–injured patients was significantly smaller than that of the control group. Statstical analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between the CEA and generalized joint laxity score. Female athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament injury had an increased prevalence of acetabular dysplasia and generalized joint laxity.
Reinjury After Acute Posterior Thigh Muscle Injuries in Elite Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Malliaropoulos Nikolaos , Isinkaye Tomide , Tsitas Kostas , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: November 2010

Background: Hamstring muscle strains often recur. The authors studied the effect of the grade of initial injury on the subsequent risk of reinjury. Hypothesis: No difference in reinjury rate between acute low-grade (grades I and II) and high-grade (III and IV) hamstring muscle strains would be seen. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Between 1999 and 2007, the authors managed 165 elite track and field athletes with acute, first-time unilateral hamstring muscle strains. Strains were classified into 4 grades (I, II, III, and IV) based on knee active range of motion deficit at 48 hours. The same rehabilitation protocol was prescribed, and the rate of reinjury was recorded during the following 24 months. Results: The average time to return to sport after initial injury was 7.4 days for grade I injuries, 12.9 days for grade II injuries, 29.5 days for grade III injuries, and 55.0 days for grade IV injuries. At follow-up, 23 of the 165 athletes (13.9%) had experienced a second hamstring muscle strain. Of the 75 athletes with a grade I injury, 7 (9.3%) had experienced a recurrence after 24 months. Of the 58 athletes with a grade II injury, 14 (24.1%) experienced a recurrence. Of the 26 athletes with a grade III injury, 2 (7.7%) experienced a recurrence, and of the 6 athletes with a grade IV injury, none had experienced a recurrence after 24 months. Conclusion: Low-grade hamstring muscle lesions appear to lead to a higher risk of reinjury than high-grade hamstring muscle lesions. However, there were disproportionately fewer high-grade injuries than low-grade injuries. Objective clinical findings can accurately determine the risk of reinjury after acute hamstring muscle strains in elite track and field athletes.