bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to be a physiotherapist: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Lindquist Ingrid , Engardt Margareta , Richardson Barbara 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The health system is increasingly engaging in a wider concept of health which includes lifestyle conditions and well being as well as disease. This challenges physiotherapy educators to take an active role in preparing students for modern health care. Few studies have explored the experience of learning to be a physiotherapist from the student perspective to help illuminate the learning process. The aim of this study was to gain a higher level of theoretical understanding of the longitudinal process of students' learning to be a physiotherapist across the curriculum. Methods. A metasynthesis design was used to analyse the findings of four individual research studies, based on interviews with a cohort of 18 physiotherapy students. A qualitative phenomenographic approach to analysis was adopted within the metasynthesis. Results. Three patterns of learning, described as ‘Learning to cure body structure’, ‘Learning to educate about movement problems’ and ‘Learning to manage peoples' health’ indicate differences in the focus of learning, the ways in which learning occurs, the learning partners and the context of learning. Conclusion. A variation in patterns of learning identified in students' experience of learning to be a physiotherapist reflects different views of knowledge and learning throughout the education programme which progresses the theoretical base on which models of education can be developed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hall effect and conductivity in zinc oxide (ZnO) doped by thermal diffusion of indium and copper
Authors: Juárez‐Diaz G. , Martínez J. , García‐Cruz M. L. , Peña‐Sierra R. , García J. A. , Pacio M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMeasurements of the conductivity and the Hall effect of single crystals were performed on zinc oxide (ZnO) samples after a thermal diffusion of indium (In) and copper (Cu) with different time periods. Single crystals of ZnO were growth by hydrothermal method and annealed previously to diffusion process. Diffusion was carried out in ZnO at 1000 ΩC in N2 atmosphere for 3, 6, and 15 h. Hall effect measurements were carried out using the Van der Pauw configuration with a current of 1 mA and a magnetic field of 0.37 T at room temperature. Results showed an increase in donor concentration from 4.6x1014 cm–3 to 1.15×1017 cm–3 when In is diffused and up to 9.9×1015 cm–3 when Cu is introduced in ZnO. Mobility decreased from 134.9 (undoped ZnO) to 44.7 cm2/V s, in In‐doped, and 101.9 cm2/V s, in Cu‐doped. Resistivity decreased with time from 1.29x102 Ω cm to 1.26 Ω cm and 6.25 Ω cm, in the same order as described. Based on measurements, introduction of indium is faster than copper and the higher concentration of donors is result of substitution of Zn by an ion with a different valence. This is a relative simple method to control the conductivity and donor concentration in single crystals of ZnO. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using amorphous silicon solar cells to boost the viability of luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Farrell Daniel J. , Sark Wilfried G. J. H. M. van , Velthuijsen Steven T. , Schropp Ruud E. I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have, for the first time, designed and fabricated hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells to be used in conjunction with Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSCs). LSCs are planar plastic sheets doped with organic dyes that absorb solar illumination and down shift the energy to narrowband luminescence which is collected by solar cells attached to the sheet edge.We fabricated an LSC module with two bonded solar cells and performed characterisation with the cells connected in series and parallel configurations. We find that the LSC module has an optical collection efficiency of 9.5% and an optimum power conversion efficiency of approaching 1% when the cells are in a parallel connection. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positron annihilation depth‐profiling as a promising tool for the structural analysis of light‐soaked a‐Si:H absorber layers
Authors: Eijt S. W. H. , Zhu H. , Schut H. , Tijssen M. , Zeman M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPositron annihilation depth profiling is applied as a sensitive probe to investigate the defect evolution of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) absorber layers fabricated by the PE‐CVD method with typical thicknesses of 300‐500 nm. The Doppler broadening lineshape parameter S of the layers was found to depend significantly on the applied hydrogen‐to‐silane flow ratio during their deposition, related to hydrogen‐induced changes in the microstructure and local composition at the positron trapping site. Light‐soaking degradation induces a time‐dependent variation in the S parameter which seems to correlate with the evolution of defect densities extracted from FT‐Photocurrent Spectroscopy measurements. (© WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficiency of nested Markov chain Monte Carlo for polarizable potentials and perturbed Hamiltonians
Authors: Calvo Florent 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNested Markov chain Monte Carlo is a rigorous way to enhance sampling of a given energy landscape using an auxiliary, approximate potential energy surface. Its practical efficiency mainly depends on how cheap and how different are the auxiliary potential with respect to the reference system. In this article, a combined efficiency index is proposed and assessed for two important families of energy surfaces. As illustrated for water clusters, many‐body polarizable potentials can be approximated by simplifying the polarization contribution and keeping only the two‐body terms. In small systems, neglecting polarization entirely is also acceptable. When the reference potential energy is obtained from diagonalization of a quantum mechanical Hamiltonian, a first‐order perturbation scheme can be used to estimate the energy difference occuring on a Monte Carlo move. Our results indicate that this perturbation approximation performs well provided that the number of steps between successive diagonalization is adjusted beforehand. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2342–2346, 2010
The outbreak of carp disease caused by CyHV‐3 as a model for new emerging viral diseases in aquaculture: a review
Authors: Ilouze Maya , Davidovich Maya , Diamant Ariel , Kotler Moshe , Dishon Arnon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAquacultured koi and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are intensively bred for ornamental purposes and for human consumption worldwide. The carp and koi farming industries have suffered enormous economic losses over the past decade due to an epizootic disease caused by Cyprinus herpesvirus‐3 (CyHV‐3) also known as koi herpesvirus and carp interstitial nephritis gill necrosis virus. CyHV‐3 is a large dsDNA virus, morphologically similar to herpesviruses, yet contains genetic elements similar to those of pox, irido‐ and herpesviruses. Considering the phylogenic distance between CyHV‐3 and higher vertebrate herpesviruses, CyHV‐3 represents the prototype of viruses assigned to the novel family Alloherpesviridae. Although emergence of a new virus rarely initiates a pandemic so severe that it reduces the life expectancy of a population, CyHV‐3 is exceptional because of its enormous impact on the world carp population. High population density is the major contributing factor to the epizootic disease caused by CyHV‐3.
Anti-metabolic syndrome effects of adenosine ingestion in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Ardiansyah  , Shirakawa Hitoshi , Sugita Yumi , Koseki Takuya , Komai Michio 
Published: February 2010

We have demonstrated previously that both acute and chronic oral administration of adenosine have novel functions such as anti-hypertensive effects and improved hyperlipidaemia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) fed a normal diet. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of adenosine administration on metabolic syndrome-related parameters in SHRSP fed a high-fat diet. Six-week-old rats were divided into three groups, and were administered either water (control) or adenosine (10 or 100 mg/l) for 8 weeks. During this period, the rats had free access to a high-fat diet based on AIN-93M. The results showed that hypertension, plasma lipid, NO, insulin, glucose and urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels improved significantly in both adenosine groups. The mRNA expression levels of genes involved in anti-oxidative activity and adenosine receptors were also altered in the adenosine groups. Administration of adenosine also increased plasma adiponectin levels, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA expression level of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 in perirenal fat and adiponectin receptor 2 in the liver. In conclusion, oral administration of adenosine is effective for improving metabolic syndrome-related parameters in SHRSP, and accordingly it may prevent the progression of the metabolic syndrome.
The rush for English education in urban Cameroon: sociolinguistic implications and prospects
Authors: Fonyuy Kelen Ernesta 
Published: February 2010

The growing demand for English in parts of Cameroon that were once firmly under French influence.In the last decade, multilingual Cameroon has awoken to a new linguistic reality characterised by reconstructing linguistic identities in order to fit in the global space. This is seen in more and more urban Francophones pursuing English medium education and the Anglophones consolidating their identity alignment to the English language. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this paper evaluates the prominence and implications and prospects of this rush for English education in contemporary urban Cameroon. The case study method and cost-benefit analysis confirm that there is a fast growing interest in English medium education and the beginnings of English as an L1 in urban Cameroon. The result is a paradoxical sociolinguistic outcome: first of all, there is a shift by the majority Francophone group, who are shifting from a predominantly French medium to an English medium education, principally for economic benefits. Secondly, the Anglophones are increasingly shifting to English as an L1, without losing French as they live in basically French-speaking urban zones. This state of language shift implies that there will subsequently be bilingualism without diglossia in Cameroon's two official languages, and loss of the long-standing French language hegemony in Cameroon. At the same time, this shift threatens Cameroon's ancestral languages, forcing them increasingly into attrition and possibly endangerment.
Influence of MT7 toxin on the oligomerization state of the M1muscarinic receptor1
Authors: Marquer Catherine , Fruchart‐Gaillard Carole , Mourier Gilles , Grandjean Olivier , Girard Emmanuelle , le Maire Marc , Brown Spencer , Servent Denis 
Published: February 2010

Background information. The idea that GPCRs (G‐protein‐coupled receptors) may exist as homo‐ or hetero‐oligomers, although still controversial, is now widely accepted. Nevertheless, the functional roles of oligomerization are still unclear and gaining greater insight into the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of GPCR assembly and, in particular, assessing the effect of ligands on this process seems important. We chose to focus our present study on the effect of MT7 (muscarinic toxin 7), a highly selective allosteric peptide ligand, on the oligomerization state of the hM1(human M1muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype).Results. We analysed the hM1oligomerization state in membrane preparations or in live cells and observed the effect of MT7 via four complementary techniques: native‐PAGE electrophoresis analysed by both Western blotting and autoradiography on solubilized membrane preparations of CHO‐M1 cells (Chinese‐hamster ovary cells expressing muscarinic M1receptors); FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) experiments on cells expressing differently tagged M1receptors using either an acceptor photobleaching approach or a novel fluorescence emission anisotropy technique; and, finally, by BRET (bioluminescence resonance energy transfer) assays. Our results reveal that MT7 seems to protect the M1receptor from the dissociating effect of the detergent and induces an increase in the FRET and BRET signals, highlighting its ability to affect the dimeric form of the receptor.Conclusions. Our results suggest that MT7 binds to a dimeric form of hM1receptor, favouring the stability of this receptor state at the cellular level, probably by inducing some conformational rearrangements of the pre‐existing muscarinic receptor homodimers.
Appropriate maturation and folding of 16S rRNA during 30S subunit biogenesis are critical for translational fidelity
Authors: Roy-Chaudhuri Biswajoy , Kirthi Narayanaswamy , Culver Gloria M. 
Published: February 2010

Ribosomal protein S5 is critical for small ribosomal subunit (SSU) assembly and is indispensable for SSU function. Previously, we identified a point mutation in S5, (G28D) that alters both SSU formation and translational fidelity in vivo, which is unprecedented for other characterized S5 mutations. Surprisingly, additional copies of an extraribosomal assembly factor, RimJ, rescued all the phenotypes associated with S5(G28D), including fidelity defects, suggesting that the effect of RimJ on rescuing the miscoding of S5(G28D) is indirect. To understand the underlying mechanism, we focused on the biogenesis cascade and observed defects in processing of precursor 16S (p16S) rRNA in the S5(G28D) strain, which were rescued by RimJ. Analyses of p16S rRNA-containing ribosomes from other strains further supported a correspondence between the extent of 5′end maturation of 16S rRNA and translational miscoding. Chemical probing of mutant ribosomes with additional leader sequences at the 5′end of 16S rRNA compared to WT ribosomes revealed structural differences in the region of helix 1. Thus, the presence of additional nucleotides at the 5′end of 16S rRNA could alter fidelity by changing the architecture of 16S rRNA in translating ribosomes and suggests that fidelity is governed by accuracy and completeness of the SSU biogenesis cascade.
Female-specific flightless phenotype for mosquito control
Authors: Fu Guoliang , Lees Rosemary S. , Nimmo Derric , Aw Diane , Jin Li , Gray Pam , Berendonk Thomas U. , White-Cooper Helen , Scaife Sarah , Kim Phuc Hoang , Marinotti Osvaldo , Jasinskiene Nijole , James Anthony A. , Alphey Luke 
Published: February 2010

Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever are increasing public health problems with an estimated 50–100 million new infections each year.Aedes aegyptiis the major vector of dengue viruses in its range and control of this mosquito would reduce significantly human morbidity and mortality. Present mosquito control methods are not sufficiently effective and new approaches are needed urgently. A “sterile-male-release” strategy based on the release of mosquitoes carrying a conditional dominant lethal gene is an attractive new control methodology. Transgenic strains ofAedes aegyptiwere engineered to have a repressible female-specific flightless phenotype using either two separate transgenes or a single transgene, based on the use of a female-specific indirect flight muscle promoter from theAedes aegypti Actin-4gene. These strains eliminate the need for sterilization by irradiation, permit male-only release (“genetic sexing”), and enable the release of eggs instead of adults. Furthermore, these strains are expected to facilitate area-wide control or elimination of dengue if adopted as part of an integrated pest management strategy.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Dysregulation of plasma ghrelin in alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Goodyear Stephen J. , Mottershead Marcus , Sung Edmond Z. H. , Wong Ling S. , McTernan Philip G. , Kumar Sudhesh , Nwokolo Chuka U. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryObjective  Abnormalities in circulating ghrelin have been reported in chronic liver disease. This study assessed the response of anabolic peptides ghrelin, growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and healthy subjects to oral glucose. In a previous study, using oral glucose we identified loss of ghrelin regulation in nonalcoholic steato‐hepatitis.Patients/Design/Measurements  Fourteen patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were compared with 11 healthy subjects. Patients with cirrhosis were studied when adjudged clinically stable in hospital. After an overnight fast, they ingested 100‐g glucose dissolved in 250 ml of water. Blood was sampled before and every 20 minutes after ingestion for 120 minutes. Plasma acylated and des‐acyl ghrelin, GH, IGF‐1 and insulin were assayed by ELISA.Results  Expressed as median (95% CI): 120‐minutes integrated acylated ghrelin was 26 (19–66) in controls compared to 170 (129–252) pg/ml per hour in patients with cirrhosis; P < 0·001. Both groups exhibited a normal postglucose plasma total ghrelin profile. Among patients with cirrhosis (compared to controls), growth hormone was increased 15‐fold and IGF‐1 decreased 4‐fold. Acylated ghrelin correlated with GH (Spearman r = 0·69, P = 0·0015) in control subjects but not in patients with cirrhosis.Conclusions  Acylated ghrelin is markedly increased in alcoholic cirrhosis, with apparent preservation of normal postprandial mechanisms of gastric ghrelin secretion. GH is also increased; however, its correlation with acylated ghrelin (confirmed in healthy subjects) is absent in patients with cirrhosis. Despite increased ghrelin and GH, patients with alcoholic cirrhosis remain anorexic and catabolic suggesting potential tissue resistance to the actions of these anabolic peptides.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Leuprolide stimulation testing for the evaluation of early female sexual maturation
Authors: Sathasivam Anpalakan , Garibaldi Luigi , Shapiro Sofia , Godbold James , Rapaport Robert 
Published: February 2010

SummaryContext  Low concentrations of serum LH and/or oestradiol (E2) in girls with early physical signs of precocious puberty pose a diagnostic challenge.Objective  To assess the diagnostic value of the leuprolide stimulation test in female precocious puberty.Design  Retrospective Chart Review.Setting  Outpatient clinic.Patients and intervention  Thirty‐nine girls, 6·9 (1·4) years, with premature stage II–III breast development, with or without pubarche, underwent stimulation testing with subcutaneous leuprolide (20 μg/kg) with the following hormonal measurements in serum: FSH, LH, oestradiol at baseline; FSH and LH at 1 and 2 h; oestradiol at 24 h. Twelve girls with isolated pubarche were also tested with leuprolide.Main outcome measure  A pubertal hormonal pattern was defined as at least one of the following: a baseline serum level of LH ≥ 0·3 U/l, a baseline oestradiol ≥ 37 pmol/l (10 ng/l), a stimulated (peak) LH ≥ 5·0 U/l, a stimulated oestradiol ≥ 184 pmol/l (50 ng/l) to leuprolide. The hormonal response was related to the clinical course during a period of observation of at least 6 months.Results  Following leuprolide stimulation, the hormonal response was concordant with pubertal progression (n = 23) or lack thereof (n = 16) in all children. At baseline, pubertal serum concentrations of LH and/or oestradiol were associated with pubertal progression in all, while serum prepubertal LH and/or oestradiol concentrations were associated with pubertal progression in approximately 50% of the patients.Conclusions  In girls with early clinical signs of precocious puberty and low serum concentrations of LH and oestradiol in random samples, the LH and oestradiol responses to leuprolide stimulation accurately predict pubertal progression.
AphidBase: a centralized bioinformatic resource for annotation of the pea aphid genome
Authors: Legeai F. , Shigenobu S. , Gauthier J.‐P. , Colbourne J. , Rispe C. , Collin O. , Richards S. , Wilson A. C. C. , Murphy T. , Tagu D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAphidBase is a centralized bioinformatic resource that was developed to facilitate community annotation of the pea aphid genome by the International Aphid Genomics Consortium (IAGC). The AphidBase Information System designed to organize and distribute genomic data and annotations for a large international community was constructed using open source software tools from the Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD). The system includes Apollo and GBrowse utilities as well as a wiki, blast search capabilities and a full text search engine. AphidBase strongly supported community cooperation and coordination in the curation of gene models during community annotation of the pea aphid genome. AphidBase can be accessed at http://www.aphidbase.com.
A genomic analysis of transcytosis in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, a mechanism involved in virus transmission
Authors: Tamborindeguy C. , Monsion B. , Brault V. , Hunnicutt L. , Ju H. J. , Nakabachi A. , Van Fleet E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAphids are the primary vectors of plant viruses. Transmission can occur via attachment to the cuticle lining of the insect (non‐circulative transmission) or after internalization in the insect cells with or without replication (circulative transmission). In this paper, we have focused on the circulative and non‐propagative mode during which virions enter the cell following receptor‐mediated endocytosis, are transported across the cell in vesicles and released by exocytosis without replicating. The correct uptake, transport and delivery of the vesicles cargo relies on the participation of proteins from different families which have been identified in the Acyrthosiphon pisum genome. Assemblage of this annotated dataset provides a useful basis to improve our understanding of the molecules and mechanisms involved in virus transmission by A. pisum and other aphid species.
Halloween genes and nuclear receptors in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signalling in the pea aphid
Authors: Christiaens O. , Iga M. , Velarde R. A. , Rougé P. , Smagghe G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is the first whole genome sequenced insect with a hemimetabolic development and an emerging model organism for studies in ecology, evolution and development. The insect steroid moulting hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls and coordinates development in insects, especially the moulting/metamorphosis process. We, therefore present here a comprehensive characterization of the Halloween genes phantom, disembodied, shadow, shade, spook and spookiest, coding for the P450 enzymes that control the biosynthesis of 20E. Regarding the presence of nuclear receptors in the pea aphid genome, we found 19 genes, representing all of the seven known subfamilies. The annotation and phylogenetic analysis revealed a strong conservation in the class of Insecta. But compared with other sequenced insect genomes, three orthologues are missing in the Acyrthosiphon genome, namely HR96, PNR‐like and Knirps. We also cloned the EcR, Usp, E75 and HR3. Finally, 3D‐modelling of the ligand‐binding domain of Ap‐EcR exhibited the typical canonical structural scaffold with 12 α‐helices associated with a short hairpin of two antiparallel β‐strands. Upon docking, 20E was located in the hormone‐binding groove, supporting the hypothesis that EcR has a role in 20E signalling.