bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of robenacoxib in a feline tissue cage model of inflammation
Authors: PELLIGAND L. , KING J. N. , TOUTAIN P. L. , ELLIOTT J. , LEES P. 
Published: July 2011

Pelligand, L., King, J. N., Toutain, P. L., Elliott, J., Lees, P. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of robenacoxib in a feline tissue cage model of inflammation. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 19–32.Robenacoxib is a novel nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug developed for use in cats. It is a highly selective COX‐2 inhibitor. Results from previous feline studies showed that, despite a short half‐life in blood, the effect of robenacoxib persisted for 24 h in clinical studies. A tissue cage model of acute inflammation was used to determine robenacoxib’s pharmacokinetics and its ex vivo and in vivo selectivity for COX‐1 and COX‐2 using serum TxB2 and exudate PGE2 as surrogate markers for enzyme activity, respectively. After intravenous, subcutaneous and oral administration (2 mg/kg), the clearance of robenacoxib from blood was rapid (0.54–0.71 L·h/kg). The mean residence time (MRT) in blood was short (0.4, 1.9 and 3.3 h after intravenous, subcutaneous and oral administration, respectively), but in exudate MRT was approximately 24 h regardless of the route of administration. Robenacoxib inhibition of COX‐1 in blood was transient, occurring only at high concentrations, but inhibition of COX‐2 in exudate persisted to 24 h. The potency ratio (IC50 COX‐1: IC50 COX‐2) was 171:1, and slopes of the concentration–effect relationship were 1.36 and 1.12 for COX‐1 and COX‐2, respectively. These data highlight the enzymatic selectivity and inflamed tissue selectivity of robenacoxib and support the current recommendation of once‐daily administration.
Independent evolutionary origins of functional polyamine biosynthetic enzyme fusions catalysingde novodiamine to triamine formation
Authors: Green Robert , Hanfrey Colin C. , Elliott Katherine A. , McCloskey Diane E. , Wang Xiaojing , Kanugula Sreenivas , Pegg Anthony E. , Michael Anthony J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryWe have identified gene fusions of polyamine biosynthetic enzymesS‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC,speD) and aminopropyltransferase (speE) orthologues in diverse bacterial phyla. Both domains are functionally active and we demonstrate the novelde novosynthesis of the triamine spermidine from the diamine putrescine by fusion enzymes from β‐proteobacteriumDelftia acidovoransand δ‐proteobacteriumSyntrophus aciditrophicus, in a ΔspeDEgene deletion strain ofSalmonella entericasv. Typhimurium. Fusion proteins from marine α‐proteobacteriumCandidatus Pelagibacter ubique, actinobacteriumNocardia farcinica, chlorobi speciesChloroherpeton thalassium, and β‐proteobacteriumD. acidovoranseach produce a different profile of non‐native polyamines includingsym‐norspermidine when expressed inEscherichia coli. The different aminopropyltransferase activities together with phylogenetic analysis confirm independent evolutionary origins for some fusions. Comparative genomic analysis strongly indicates that gene fusions arose by merger of adjacent open reading frames. Independent fusion events, and horizontal and vertical gene transfer contributed to the scattered phyletic distribution of the gene fusions. Surprisingly, expression of fusion genes inE. coliandS.Typhimurium revealed novel latent spermidine catabolic activity producing non‐native 1,3‐diaminopropane in these species. We have also identified fusions of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes agmatine deiminase andN‐carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase in archaea, and ofS‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase in the single‐celled green algaMicromonas.
Neogene exhumation in the Outer Western Carpathians
Authors: Zattin Massimiliano , Andreucci Benedetta , Jankowski Leszek , Mazzoli Stefano , Szaniawski Rafal 
Published: July 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 283–291, 2011AbstractApatite fission‐track analysis was used to investigate the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Polish sector of the Outer Western Carpathians, where thrusting was overlapped by extension in the last 10 Ma. The results show a general decrease of burial degree towards the European foreland and a range of cooling ages between 26 and 7 Ma. Younger ages (10–7 Ma) are confined to the eastern region, whereas exhumation in the central‐western region is about 10 Ma older and is characterized by no major age differences among structural units. Therefore, exhumation of the chain is inferred to have occurred since the Early Miocene, when it appears to have been essentially coeval with thrusting, whereas extensional tectonics is likely to have played an important role during Late Miocene exhumation.
Impact of temperature and precipitation on propagation of intestinal schistosomiasis in an irrigated region in Ethiopia: suitability of satellite datasets
Authors: Xue Zhao , Gebremichael Mekonnen , Ahmad Rais , Weldu Mekuria L. , Bagtzoglou Amvrossios C. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective  To assess the suitability of satellite temperature and precipitation datasets for investigating the dependence of Schistosoma mansoni disease transmission on meteorological conditions in an irrigated agricultural region in Ethiopia.Methods  Data used were monthly number of patients infected with S. mansoni and seeking treatment at the local hospital, monthly maximum air temperature from a local weather station, monthly average land surface temperature from MODIS satellite data, monthly total precipitation from a local rain gauge and precipitation estimates from four widely used satellite products, namely, TMPA 3B42RT, TMPA 3B42, CMORPH and PERSIANN. The number of patients was used as proxy for vector abundance.Results  Temperature and precipitation play a role in the transmission of S. mansoni disease. There is a weak but significant positive correlation between monthly maximum air temperature derived from a meteorological station (or average land surface temperature derived from MODIS satellite product) and the number of patients in the same month. There is a significant negative correlation between monthly precipitation volume (derived from rain gauge or satellite data) and number of patients at lags of 1 and 2 months.Conclusion  Satellite temperature and precipitation products provide useful information to understand and infer the relationship between meteorological conditions and S. mansoni prevalence.
Neuropeptide Y signaling modulates the expression of ethanol‐induced behavioral sensitization in mice
Authors: Hayes Dayna M. , Fee Jon R. , McCown Thomas J. , Knapp Darin J. , Breese George R. , Cubero Inmaculada , Carvajal Francisca , Lerma‐Cabrera Jose Manuel , Navarro Montserrat , Thiele Todd E. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTNeuropeptide Y (NPY) and protein kinase A (PKA) have been implicated in neurobiological responses to ethanol. We have previously reported that mutant mice lacking normal production of the RIIβ subunit of PKA (RIIβ−/− mice) show enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol and increased behavioral sensitization relative to littermate wild‐type RIIβ+/+ mice. We now report that RIIβ−/− mice also show increased NPY immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and the ventral striatum relative to RIIβ+/+ mice. These observations suggest that elevated NPY signaling in the NAc and/or striatum may contribute to the increased sensitivity to ethanol‐induced behavioral sensitization that is a characteristic of RIIβ−/− mice. Consistently, NPY−/− mice failed to display ethanol‐induced behavioral sensitization that was evident in littermate NPY+/+ mice. To examine more directly the role of NPY in the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol, we infused a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) into the region of the NAc core of DBA/2J mice. The rAAV‐fibronectin (FIB)‐NPY13–36 vector expresses and constitutively secretes the NPY fragment NPY13–36 (a selective Y2 receptor agonist) from infected cells in vivo. Mice treated with the rAAV‐FIB‐NPY13–36 vector exhibited reduced expression of ethanol‐induced behavioral sensitization compared with mice treated with a control vector. Taken together, the current data provide the first evidence that NPY signaling in the NAc core and the Y2 receptor modulate ethanol‐induced behavioral sensitization.
Successful deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in severe alcohol dependence is associated with changed performance monitoring
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Gründler Theo O. J. , Bauer Robert , Huff Wolfgang , Fischer Adrian G. , Lenartz Doris , Maarouf Mohammad , Bührle Christian , Klosterkötter Joachim , Ullsperger Markus , Sturm Volker 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTFollowing recent advances in neuromodulation therapy for mental disorders, we treated one patient with severe alcohol addiction with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Before and one year following the surgery, we assessed the effects of DBS within the NAc on the addiction as well as on psychometric scores and electrophysiological measures of cognitive control. In our patient, DBS achieved normalization of addictive behavior and craving. An electrophysiological marker of error processing (the error‐related negativity) linked to anterior mid‐cingulate cortex (aMCC) functioning was altered through DBS, an effect that could be reversed by periods without stimulation. Thus, this case supports the hypothesis that DBS of the NAc could have a positive effect on addiction trough a normalization of craving associated with aMCC dysfunction.
Dynamics of cell‐mediated immune responses to cytomegalovirus in pediatric transplantation recipients
Authors: Patel Manisha , Stefanidou Martha , Long Caroline B. , Fazzari Melissa J. , Tesfa Lydia , Del Rio Marcela , Lamour Jacqueline , Ricafort Rosanna , Madan Rebecca P. , Herold Betsy C. 
Published: July 2011

Patel M, Stefanidou M, Long CB, Fazzari MJ, Tesfa L, Del Rio M, Lamour J, Ricafort R, Madan RP, Herold BC. Dynamics of cell‐mediated immune responses to cytomegalovirus in pediatric transplantation recipients.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: 18–28. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  CMI responses, combined with quantification of CMV DNA (DNAemia), may identify transplantation recipients at risk for invasive disease. PBMC were collected in pediatric transplantation candidates at one, three, and six months post‐transplant in 10 subjects (six renal, three cardiac, one stem cell) and at single time points in eight HC and 14 children greater than one yr post‐transplant (LTTx). Cells were stimulated with anti‐CD3mAb or CMV pp65 peptide pools and responses assessed by IFNG enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot assay and cytokine secretion. IFNG responses to anti‐CD3mAb were significantly lower pretransplant relative to HC and were further decreased at one and three months post‐transplant, but recovered to levels comparable to HC by six months. Responses to pp65 among CMV‐seropositive recipients followed a similar pattern but recovered by three months. CMV‐seropositive LTTx and HC showed a Th1 cytokine response to pp65 stimulation. Three LTTx subjects developed CMV DNAemia; two demonstrated decreased responses to anti‐CD3mAB (and pp65 in the CMV seropositive subject) at the onset of DNAemia, which recovered as DNAemia resolved. Monitoring CMI in children is feasible and may provide an adjunct biomarker to predict CMV progression and recovery.
Genomic selection strategies in dairy cattle: Strong positive interaction between use of genotypic information and intensive use of young bulls on genetic gain
Authors: Buch L.H. , Sørensen M.K. , Berg P. , Pedersen L.D. , Sørensen A.C. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryWe tested the following hypotheses: (i) breeding schemes with genomic selection are superior to breeding schemes without genomic selection regarding annual genetic gain of the aggregate genotype (ΔGAG), annual genetic gain of the functional traits and rate of inbreeding per generation (ΔF), (ii) a positive interaction exists between the use of genotypic information and a short generation interval on ΔGAGand (iii) the inclusion of an indicator trait in the selection index will only result in a negligible increase in ΔGAGif genotypic information about the breeding goal trait is known. We examined four breeding schemes with or without genomic selection and with or without intensive use of young bulls using pseudo‐genomic stochastic simulations. The breeding goal consisted of a milk production trait and a functional trait. The two breeding schemes with genomic selection resulted in higher ΔGAG, greater contributions of the functional trait to ΔGAGand lower ΔFthan the two breeding schemes without genomic selection. Thus, the use of genotypic information may lead to more sustainable breeding schemes. In addition, a short generation interval increases the effect of using genotypic information on ΔGAG. Hence, a breeding scheme with genomic selection and with intensive use of young bulls (a turbo scheme) seems to offer the greatest potential. The third hypothesis was disproved as inclusion of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) for an indicator trait in the selection index increased ΔGAGin the turbo scheme. Moreover, it increased the contribution of the functional trait to ΔGAG, and it decreased ΔF. Thus, indicator traits may still be profitable to use even when GEBV for the breeding goal traits are available.
Pitfalls of using estimations of glomerular filtration rate in an intensive care population
Authors: Martin J. H. , Fay M. F. , Udy A. , Roberts J. , Kirkpatrick C. , Ungerer J. , Lipman J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground:  Accurate knowledge of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is imperative in the intensive care unit (ICU) as renal status is important for medical decisions, including drug dosing.Aims:  Recently, an estimation of GFR (eGFR) was suggested as a method of estimating GFR. How well this formula predicts GFR in unwell patients with normal initial serum creatinine concentrations has not been examined.Methods:  The accuracy of the eGFR (before and after adjustment for actual body surface area (BSA)) was compared with measured and with estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft Gault (CG) formula adjusted for total and lean body weight.Results:  A total of 237 observations was recorded in 47 subjects. These were initially analysed independently, and then using the first observation only. Overall the mean difference between measured creatinine clearance and eGFR was −12 mL/min (95% confidence interval (CI) −20 to −3), between measured creatinine clearance and CG +17 mL/min (95% CI 9–24), between measured creatinine clearance and CG adjusted for ideal body weight +12 mL/min (95% CI 4–21) and between measured creatinine clearance and eGFR ‘unadjusted’ for BSA 5 mL/min (95% CI −2–13).Conclusions:  Using either eGFR or CG formulae to estimate renal function in ICU subjects with normal serum creatinine concentrations is inaccurate. Although correcting for BSA improves the eGFR, this requirement to measure height and weight removes a major attraction for its use. We suggest that eGFR should not be automatically calculated in the ICU setting.
Rationale for the use of immunomodulatory therapies in the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step V asthma other than oral glucocorticosteroids
Authors: Domingo C. , Moreno A. , Mirapeix R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAsthma is a major problem worldwide, which is estimated to affect 300 million individuals. The global prevalence ranges from 1% to 18% of the population. The incidence, morbidity and mortality of the condition have increased over the last 50 years despite the development of new anti‐asthmatic drugs. Fewer than 1% of the asthmatic population are steroid‐dependent, but these patients consume most of the resources and time at asthma units. The consensus documents published by professional societies all support a stepwise therapeutic approach for asthma. However, patients who require frequent or continuous oral corticosteroid administration have received little attention. Due to the severe side‐effects of oral corticosteroids when administered over long periods or at high doses, many drugs have been assessed in the search for a possible corticosteroid‐sparing agent. Recently, the update of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) introduced a new drug – omalizumab – as an alternative to oral corticosteroids in patients included in step V. Other alternatives include immunosuppressive drugs, among which methotrexate has been found to offer the best benefit/risk ratio. This paper will review, comment and criticize the evidence of the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs, as an alternative to oral glucocorticosteroid treatment in GINA step V asthma patients. The experience of the authors combined with the information of the literature will lead to the conclusion that methotrexate and omalizumab are the only advisable drugs and will clarify when and how these drugs should be used.
Can catch share fisheries better track management targets?
Authors: Melnychuk Michael C , Essington Timothy E , Branch Trevor A , Heppell Selina S , Jensen Olaf P , Link Jason S , Martell Steven J D , Parma Ana M , Pope John G , Smith Anthony D M 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFisheries management based on catch shares – divisions of annual fleet‐wide quotas among individuals or groups – has been strongly supported for their economic benefits, but biological consequences have not been rigorously quantified. We used a global meta‐analysis of 345 stocks to assess whether fisheries under catch shares were more likely to track management targets set for sustainable harvest than fisheries managed only by fleet‐wide quota caps or effort controls. We examined three ratios: catch‐to‐quota, current exploitation rate to target exploitation rate and current biomass to target biomass. For each, we calculated the mean response, variation around the target and the frequency of undesirable outcomes with respect to these targets. Regional effects were stronger than any other explanatory variable we examined. After accounting for region, we found the effects of catch shares primarily on catch‐to‐quota ratios: these ratios were less variable over time than in other fisheries. Over‐exploitation occurred in only 9% of stocks under catch shares compared to 13% of stocks under fleet‐wide quota caps. Additionally, over‐exploitation occurred in 41% of stocks under effort controls, suggesting a substantial benefit of quota caps alone. In contrast, there was no evidence for a response in the biomass of exploited populations because of either fleet‐wide quota caps or individual catch shares. Thus, for many fisheries, management controls improve under catch shares in terms of reduced variation in catch around quota targets, but ecological benefits in terms of increased biomass may not be realized by catch shares alone.
Intentional weight loss in overweight and obese individuals and cognitive function: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siervo M. , Arnold R. , Wells J. C. K. , Tagliabue A. , Colantuoni A. , Albanese E. , Brayne C. , Stephan B. C. M. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryHigh adiposity in middle age is associated with higher dementia risk. The association between weight loss and cognitive function in older adults is still controversial. A meta‐analysis was undertaken to estimate the effectiveness of intentional weight loss on cognitive function in overweight and obese adults. A structured strategy was used to search randomized and non‐randomized studies reporting the effect of intentional and significant weight loss on cognitive function in overweight and obese subjects. Information on study design, age, nutritional status, weight‐loss strategy, weight lost and cognitive testing was extracted. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted to obtain summary effect estimates for memory and attention–executive domains. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Seven were randomized trials and the remaining five included a control group. A low‐order significant effect was found for an improvement in cognitive performance with weight loss in memory (effect size 0.13, 95% CI 0.00–0.26, P = 0.04) and attention/executive functioning (effect size 0.14, 95% CI 0.01–0.27, P < 0.001). Studies were heterogeneous in study design, sample selection, weight‐loss intervention and assessment of cognitive function. Weight loss appears to be associated with low‐order improvements in executive/attention functioning and memory in obese but not in overweight individuals.
The Contributions of the Health Decommodification Typologies to the Study of the East Asian Welfare Regime
Authors: Kam Yu Wai 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSince Esping‐Andersen presented the three worlds of welfare typology thesis, the study of the classification of welfare regimes has been dominated by his work and the debates surrounding it. This article is concerned with two important responses to his work. The first response is the development of welfare typologies based on the principle of decommodification. The second response is the concern that East Asian countries are underrepresented in the 18 members of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) studied by Esping‐Andersen. As a result, there are calls for expanding the scope of the studies on the classification of welfare regimes to those in East Asia.This article makes contributions to these two responses by presenting two analytical tasks. The first task is to develop two health decommodification typologies based on two different methods (cluster analysis and Esping‐Andersen's index‐based regime construction). Both of them cover the 18 OECD members studied by Esping‐Andersen and four tiger economies (Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore). The second task is to demonstrate that the two health decommodification typologies provide important information for the debate on the existence of two essential preconditions for the development of an all‐encompassing East Asian welfare regime, namely the existence of significant differences in the welfare systems between the East Asian countries and the 18 OECD countries studied by Esping‐Andersen (1990) and the existence of significant similarities in the welfare systems between East Asian countries.
Tolerance and Herd Behavior: Sophistication of Ideas under Payoff Complementarity
Authors: OIKAWA KOKI 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I first show that there may be inefficient herd behavior even with a continuous choice set and a continuous loss function if there is payoff complementarity. Then, I show that the probability of inefficient herd behavior is asymptotically zero and the choice sequence converges to the optimal one almost surely if people have even a small amount of tolerance that they are willing to accept one another as a partner in joint work. This result is closely related to the argument in J. S. Mill’s On Liberty, where he states that tolerance for others’ ideas is essential for sophistication of ideas.
Family Policies: What Does the Standard Endogenous Fertility Model Tell Us?
Authors: BAUDIN THOMAS 
Published: July 2011

AbstractVery few studies have explored the optimality properties of the “standard model” of fertility where parents must determine their optimal trade‐off between quality and quantity. The present paper works to fill that gap and find three main results. First, when there exist positive externalities in the accumulation of human capital, it is optimal to subsidize education and to tax births. Second, when the Social Welfare Function does not consist of the average utility, the social returns on educational investments can be weaker than the private returns when the optimal population growth rate is negative. In this case, the optimal economic policy consists in subsidizing births and taxing education. Finally, when the health expenditure is introduced as another source of positive externalities, it can be optimal to tax the parental health expenditure to decentralize the first‐best path even if this expenditure is always too low at the laissez‐faire equilibrium.