bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CAD‐based feature recognition system for escape route planning
Authors: Gittens Anton , Chowdary Boppana V. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe main objective of this paper is to introduce the development of a novel feature recognition system for escape route planning. The genetic algorithm (GA) can be a useful tool in solving route planning problems.Design/methodology/approachA computer‐aided design (CAD) system is proposed to help to predict the best escape route. The system is based on a feature recognition process, which will scan a CAD drawing to determine the centroid points of corridors, and determine the best escape route with the help of GA.FindingsThe feature recognition system provides a quick method of determining the available pathways for use in escape route planning.Research limitations/implicationsFactors such as multiple story buildings, number of occupants, or fire spread are not considered. Thus the system will be useful in the initial stages of escape route planning.Practical implicationsThe system is limited to perpendicular walls, which should be of the same thickness. Doorways should also be a constant size. Thus the system will be useful in determining where escape routes exist, and attempt to determine the best route based on that information.Originality/valueThis paper shows how legacy drawings from various CAD systems may be reused to plan escape routes, rather than creating new drawings for the same purpose. This is useful to those in escape route planning, since the redrawing of plans using custom software is inefficient.
Disaster management: findings from a systematic review
Authors: Lettieri Emanuele , Masella Cristina , Radaelli Giovanni 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe paper aims to discuss a systematic review of the literature about disaster management within the period 1980‐2006.Design/methodology/approachThe research protocol is based on the methodology that is commonly used in healthcare for analysing the literature and provides a state‐of‐art medical discipline. The paper presents both a descriptive analysis and a thematic analysis in order to provide a state‐of‐art of international literature. The research protocol is provided in order to make transparent the review process.FindingsThe descriptive analysis highlights the peculiarities of the literature in terms of attention paid during the years, country of provenience and clusters of content of the selected papers. The thematic analysis deepens the content of the papers formalising the state of art.Research limitations/implicationsThe review considered only academic journals and peer‐reviewed published papers, excluding working papers and books.Practical implicationsThrough both the analyses the authors argue for scholars in disaster management specific streams for further research and for providing practitioners with a state of art of disaster management discipline.Originality/valueThe paper is original and is aimed at translating to the disaster management discipline the methodology of the systematic review commonly used in healthcare disciplines.
One crisis after another
Authors: Enander Ann , Hede Susanne , Lajksjö Örjan 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical understanding of experiences of crisis management among municipal leaders.Design/methodology/approachA total of 16 chief officers and three politicians from three different municipalities were interviewed concerning experiences of dealing with a severe storm. Data were analyzed by a grounded theory approach.FindingsData analysis generated a model. Central to the model is an evaluation sphere, which reflects tension between everyday circumstances and crisis needs, between assessments of legislation and practices as a support or hindrance, and assessments of human vulnerability versus coping resources. Manager characteristics, the societal context within which the event occurred, and crisis characteristics all influence this evaluation sphere. Particular stressors include the fact that the leaders themselves were personally affected by the storm, the difficult decisions and assessments that had to be made, the uncertainty of the situation and the timing, soon after the tsunami. Crisis management, decisions and actions can be seen as formed from the evaluation sphere and the influencing factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper has a small sample and limited representativeness. Generalizability of the model should be tested in other crisis events.Practical implicationThe model can be used as a tool to design exercises and as a guideline for authorities, in providing preparedness and crisis support.Originality/valueThe paper provides a theoretical model highlighting the complex evaluations underlying managers' decisions and actions in real‐ life situations.
The role of earthquake information management systems (EIMSs) in reducing destruction
Authors: Ajami Sima , Fattahi Mahshid 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe daily life of people is threatened by natural disasters. Crisis management is that in which attempts are made to before, during and after disasters. The most important factor for a manager to be able to overcome a crisis depends on his/her readiness before it. The main objective of this study was determining an earthquake information management system (EIMS) in Japan, Turkey and Iran and describing how it can reduce destruction by crisis management.Design/methodology/approachThis study was an analytical comparison in which data were collected by questionnaire, observation and checklist. The subject was the EIMS in selected countries. Sources of information were staff in related organizations, scientific documentation and the internet. To analyze the findings, criteria rating technique, Delphi technique, and descriptive method were used.FindingsFindings showed that the EIMSs in Japan, Turkey and Iran are decentralized. The EIMS is called “Phoenix” in Japan, and “natural disaster management information system” or “AFAYBIS” in Turkey. In Iran there was not a useful and efficient EIMS to evaluate earthquake information. According to outcomes, it is clear that an information system can only influence decisions if it is relevant, reliable and available for the decision‐makers in a timely fashion. Therefore, it is necessary to reform and design a model. The model contains responsible organizations and their functions.Originality/valueThis paper contains valuable information on EIMSs and their role in reducing destruction.
Health knowledge construction and pedagogical style in Finnish health education textbooks
Authors: Kosonen Anna‐Liisa , Haapala Irja , Kuurala Säde , Mielonen Salla , Hänninen Osmo , Carvalho Graca S. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the construction of health knowledge in the Finnish national curriculum and recent Finnish health education textbooks, at primary and secondary levels of education. The authors examine the visual and textual content of the textbooks in an attempt to identify their pedagogical style and approach to health education.Design/methodology/approachThe study is part of an international, European Union funded, FP6 STREP Project, Biohead‐Citizen. Conceptual health knowledge construction is analysed evaluating the emphasis placed on a biomedical model or on a health promotion ( HP) approach. Pedagogical style of the text and illustration is classified as either neutral, persuasive, participative or injunctive, out of which especially persuasive and participative reflect the constructionist approach.FindingsThe textbooks cover a wide range of health topics and meet the core contents of the national curriculum. The approach used was primarily that of HP and used a persuasive and participative approach. The pedagogical style of text, tasks and illustrations reflected current pedagogical thinking.Research limitations/implicationsThe study encourages future research to explore the effects of pedagogical construction on materials and learning in health education.Originality/valueThe paper usefully analyzes the pedagogical properties of recent Finnish health knowledge textbooks.
Working with or against the stores?
Authors: Geidne Susanna , Eriksson Charli 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the implementation by a non‐governmental organization (NGO) of an intervention with two different strategies – one employing confrontational approaches, the other cooperative ones – aiming to reduce the rate of successful purchase attempts (PAs) of medium‐strength beer in Sweden.Design/methodology/approachThe Swedish Youth Temperance Movement (UNF) has been responsible for the development and implementation of the intervention, and a research team at Örebro University for the evaluation. The outcome analysis is based on 1,475 PA from 25 Swedish cities during 2003‐2006. Annual reports, discussions and telephone interviews have been used to understand the intervention process.FindingsIn 40 per cent of all registered PAs, beer is sold to minors. In the eight cities using a structured strategy, there is a significant decrease from 2003 to 2006 (44‐27 per cent;p<0.001). The confrontation method, compared to no model, is more than four times (OR = 3.8; CI 2.0‐7.0) more likely to yield a positive result. Compared to the cooperation method, it is even more likely to yield a positive result (OR = 4.7; CI 2.1‐10.7).Practical implicationsWorking with a structured strategy gives significantly better results than working without one. The confrontation method is more successful than the cooperation method. Developing a preventive strategy takes time, cooperation perhaps requiring even more time to succeed than confrontation. The result reveals the importance of building local networks in the municipalities.Originality/valueThe advocacy for Swedish alcohol policy by the young members of UNF and participatory research is a unique combination.
How to organize for local resource generation
Authors: Backström Tomas 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe generation of resources is a central issue for the sustainability of companies. The purpose of this paper is to deal with two research questions: “Is decentralized generation of resources a possible way to reach sustainability in modern work life?” and “What prerequisites must be formed by organizations and managers to reach decentralized generation of resources?”Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical basis for this discussion is the complex adaptive systems theory. Three requirements for sustainable decentralized resource production are deduced: worker's autonomy, worker's integration in the organization, and demands on increased fitness. The empirical basis for answering these questions is the study of four different pharmacy‐districts, each with a different organizational solution. Three sources of data are used: interviews with the four pharmacy‐district managers; a questionnaire to all employees, and the balance scorecard of the company.FindingsTwo of the districts may have reached an unbalance on the system level between autonomy and integration. The other two districts have similar scores of medium for both autonomy and feeling of integration. One of the balanced districts has also a manager focusing bottom‐up change processes. This district has both the strongest resource generation and a leading position in increasing efficiency and customer satisfaction and, thus, sustainability.Originality/valueA simple model is formulated based on complex systems theory and tested in real life: decentralized resource generation is one way of obtaining sustainability; co‐existence of both autonomy and integration of employees, combined with a leadership of transformative character, all encourage this. The paper may inspire researchers, managers, consultants and workers to use this new perspective on organizations and sustainability.
Towards communication and learning based leadership
Authors: Saari Eveliina , Talja Heli 
Published: April 2009

PurposeManagement systems designed for the purposes of the industrial era are not sufficient to rise to the challenge of knowledge‐creating organizations. This paper seeks to analyse how the motives and aims of top management and knowledge workers differ from each other. In order to avoid confrontation between managerialism and research work logic, the paper suggests building up a communication and learning‐based leadership model.Design/methodology/approachBased on findings from the previous research projects, the paper analyses the challenges arising from the gap between top‐down type management and the research built on a bottom‐up basis. The empirical observations are based on the studies of organizational changes and development of research groups in Finnish public research organizations.FindingsThe paper presents four new constructions that the management and personnel of a research organization tend to interpret very differently: the tension between freedom and control, formation of research strategies, applicability of business management models to research organizations, and the meaning of structural changes.Practical implicationsThe paper offers guidelines for constructing dialogue between managers and knowledge workers and highlights the importance of embedding communication and learning as an integral part of a knowledge organization's practice. Crossing of positions and building up accessible arenas and forms for continuous communication between managers and employees are encouraged.Originality/valueThe four constructions present a new framework for understanding the worldviews of top managers and employees in knowledge creating organizations when facing the challenges of globalization.
Complexity framework for sustainability: an analysis of five papers
Authors: Putnik Goran D. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an examination of the concepts and mechanisms of complexity and learning usability and applicability for management in turbulent environments as well as their examination through the Chaordic system thinking (CST) lenses and framework. Contributing to awareness of how different mechanisms could be interpreted as the complexity mechanisms and learning for sustainability of organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology applied is a secondary analysis of the papers that present concepts, research thesis and case study on applications of the complexity mechanisms and learning for sustainability of organizations.FindingsComplexity and learning, applied through the CST, are enablers of sustainability of organizations. CST mechanisms are proved feasible and acceptable within the organization that seeks sustainability, which is an emerging requirement in nowadays turbulent environments.Practical implicationsAll findings contribute to further learning and growth in capability for application of the complexity mechanisms and learning towards sustainability in concrete organizations.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the perspective of organizational sustainability through complexity and learning approach. The complexity approach means in the first place that for going towards the sustainability the complexity should be increased, in opposite to the “traditional” management approaches. Additionally, the CST is seen, and validated through the secondary analysis of five papers in this special issue, as a model of complexity for management towards sustainability.
Emotional intractability: gender, anger, aggression and rumination in conflict
Authors: Coleman Peter T. , Goldman Jennifer S. , Kugler Katharina 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how people's gender‐role identities (self‐identified masculinity and femininity) affect their perceptions of the emotional role of the humiliated victim in conflicts (and the norms surrounding the role), and how these perceptions affect the negativity and aggressiveness of their responses and the degree to which they ruminate over conflict and remain hostile over time.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds on literature on humiliation, aggression, gender, and rumination and presents a correlational scenario study with 96 male graduate students from a large Northeastern University.FindingsMales with high‐masculine gender‐role identities are more likely to perceive the social norms surrounding a humiliating conflictual encounter as privileging aggression, and to report intentions to act accordingly, than males with high‐feminine gender‐role identities. Furthermore, participants are more likely to ruminate about the conflict, and therefore maintain their anger and aggressive intentions a week later, when they perceive the situation to privilege aggression.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper sheds light on how aspects of peoples' identities can affect their perceptions of social norms (i.e. whether or not aggression is condoned), and degrees of dysphoric rumination and aggression in conflict. Subsequent research should investigate the social conditions influencing these processes.Originality/valueResearch on the psychology of humiliation has identified it as a central factor in many intractable conflicts. However, this is the first study to begin to specify the nature of this relationship and to investigate it in a laboratory setting.
The game to play: expanding the co‐opetition proposal through the strategic games matrix
Authors: Arantes da Costa Eliezer , Pascoli Bottura Celso , Maurício Gama Boaventura João , Américo Fischmann Adalberto 
Published: April 2009

PurposeUsing Brandenburger and Nalebuff's 1995 co‐opetition model as a reference, the purpose of this paper is to seek to develop a tool that, based on the tenets of classical game theory, would enable scholars and managers to identify which games may be played in response to the different conflict of interest situations faced by companies in their business environments.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on game theory and business strategy are reviewed and a conceptual model, the strategic games matrix (SGM), is developed. Two novel games are described and modeled.FindingsThe co‐opetition model is not sufficient to realistically represent most of the conflict of interest situations faced by companies. It seeks to address this problem through development of the SGM, which expands upon Brandenburger and Nalebuff's model by providing a broader perspective, through incorporation of an additional dimension (power ratio between players) and three novel, respectively, (rival, individualistic, and associative).Practical implicationsThis proposed model, based on the concepts of game theory, should be used to train decision‐ and policy‐makers to better understand, interpret and formulate conflict management strategies.Originality/valueA practical and original tool to use game models in conflict of interest situations is generated. Basic classical games, such as Nash, Stackelberg, Pareto, and Minimax, are mapped on the SGM to suggest in which situations they could be useful. Two innovative games are described to fit four different types of conflict situations that so far have no corresponding game in the literature. A test application of the SGM to a classic Intel Corporation strategic management case, in the complex personal computer industry, shows that the proposed method is able to describe, to interpret, to analyze, and to prescribe optimal competitive and/or cooperative strategies for each conflict of interest situation.
Trust congruence among integrative negotiators as a predictor of joint‐behavioral outcomes
Authors: Tomlinson Edward C. , Dineen Brian R. , Lewicki Roy J. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe why trust congruence is important to negotiation, illustrate potential types of trust congruence in negotiating dyads, and link those types of congruence to joint‐behavioral outcomes.Design/methodology/approachStudies pertinent to negotiators' trust in one another are reviewed, and based on prior theoretical and empirical work, propositions are developed to posit how different types of trust congruence or incongruence can predict joint‐behavioral outcomes in an integrative negotiation context.FindingsThis analysis offers a potentially valuable framework for deepening the understanding of how trust affects interpersonal relationships and the negotiations that occur within them.Originality/valueThis paper extends prior work on trust that has linked unilateral trust in one's negotiating partner to behavioral outcomes by considering how a bilateral measure of trust (trust congruence) will affect these outcomes.
Inequity, conflict, and compliance dilemma as causes of cyberloafing
Authors: Zoghbi‐Manrique‐de‐Lara Pablo 
Published: April 2009

PurposePrior research has found empirical evidence that procedural justice is an antecedent of cyberloafing in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to explore why that association is possible. It is argued that perceptions of procedural justice affect cyberloafing because unfair procedure places an employee in conflict with the organizational rules. Accordingly, this paper predicts that it is normative conflict rather than procedural justice that really prompts employees to retaliate against the organization by engaging in cyberloafing.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 147 (19.4 percent) of the 758 non‐teaching staff at a public university where internet usage policy to combat its improper use has been increasingly rigid. Structural equation modeling is used to test the predicted mediation.FindingsThe results show that procedural justice is an antecedent of the normative conflict that fully mediates the link between procedural justice and cyberloafing.Research limitations/implicationsThe subjects in this study reflect job conditions that are peculiar to the public sector. This may limit the ability to extrapolate the findings to the private sector. The findings provide a new explanation for the mechanics of the link between unfair/fair procedural perceptions and cyberloafing.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to a better understanding of the way procedural justice is able to monitor cyberloafing, and discusses how actions designed to promote procedural justice may be useful to the efficient management of normative conflict, hence, the normative process is able to stifle cyberloafing.Originality/valueEmployee perceptions of normative conflict are shown to mediate the relationship between procedural justice and cyberloafing. This is the first empirical test of this mediation.
Developing new corporate understanding of an existing product
Authors: Gofman Alex , Moskowitz Howard R. , Mets Tõnis 
Published: April 2009

PurposeInnovation cannot come without in‐depth understanding of the product and its consumer perception. This paper aims to show the approach for consumer‐centric re‐development strategy, from design of the experiment to execution, analysis, modeling and strategies for implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe approach described uses a relatively large‐scale experimental design of ingredients (12 variables) to vary sensory attributes and conduct sensitivity analysis with consumers.FindingsThe resulting product was a big marketing success for the producer. A disciplined experimentation based on statistically sound experimental designs produces much better food products with increased acceptability by consumers.Practical implicationsStatisticians have turned their attention to modeling the relations between physical variables and subjective consumer responses. The resulting products are optimized to meet sensory preferences of the consumers including varied sensory segmentation of the markets.Originality/valueUsing advanced multivariate experimental design for sensory optimization has proved many times its advantages although still not universally used. The approach could help the marketers and developers create better products that consumers like.