bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed-duration pirtobrutinib plus venetoclax with or without rituximab in relapsed/refractory CLL: the phase 1b BRUIN trial
Authors: Roeker Lindsey E. , Woyach Jennifer A. , Cheah Chan Y. , Coombs Catherine C. , Shah Nirav N. , Wierda William G. , Patel Manish R. , Lamanna Nicole , Tsai Donald E. , Nair Binoj , Wang Chunxiao , Zhao Xiang , Liu Dan , Radtke David , Chapman Sonya , Marella Narasimha , McNeely Samuel C. , Brown Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pirtobrutinib is a highly selective, noncovalent (reversible) Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi). Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were treated with fixed-duration pirtobrutinib plus venetoclax (PV) or pirtobrutinib plus venetoclax and rituximab (PVR) in this phase 1b trial. Prior covalent BTKi therapy was allowed, but not prior treatment with venetoclax. Patients were assigned to receive PV (n = 15) or PVR (n = 10) for 25 cycles. Most patients (68%) had received prior covalent BTKi therapy. At the data cutoff date, the median time on study was 27.0 months for PV and 23.3 months for PVR. Overall response rates were 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.1-99.8) for PV and 100% (95% CI, 69.2-100.0) for PVR, with 10 complete responses (PV: 7; PVR: 3). After 12 cycles of treatment, 85.7% (95% CI, 57.2-98.2) of PV and 90.0% (95% CI, 55.5-99.7) of PVR patients achieved undetectable minimal residual disease (&lt;10-4) in peripheral blood. Progression-free survival at 18 months was 92.9% (95% CI, 59.1-99.0) for PV patients and 80.0% (95% CI, 40.9-94.6) for PVR patients. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed during the 5-week assessment period. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) for all patients included neutropenia (52%) and anemia (16%). AEs led to dose reduction in 3 patients and discontinuation in 2. In conclusion, fixed-duration PV or PVR was well tolerated and had promising efficacy in patients with R/R CLL, including patients previously treated with a covalent BTKi. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03740529.
ERRFI1 exacerbates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by promoting hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis in a GRB2-dependent manner
Authors: Zhao Hang , Mao Huizi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Programmed cell death is an important mechanism for the development of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, and multiple novel forms of programmed cell death are involved in the pathological process of hepatic IR. ERRFI1 is involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis in myocardial IR. However, the function of ERRFI1 in hepatic IR injury and its modulation of programmed cell death remain largely unknown.

Methods
Here, we performed functional and molecular mechanism studies in hepatocyte-specific knockout mice and ERRFI1-silenced hepatocytes to investigate the significance of ERRFI1 in hepatic IR injury. The histological severity of livers, enzyme activities, hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis were determined.

Results
ERRFI1 expression increased in liver tissues from mice with IR injury and hepatocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions. Hepatocyte-specific ERRFI1 knockout alleviated IR-induced liver injury in mice by reducing cell apoptosis and ferroptosis. ERRFI1 knockdown reduced apoptotic and ferroptotic hepatocytes induced by OGD/R. Mechanistically, ERRFI1 interacted with GRB2 to maintain its stability by hindering its proteasomal degradation. Overexpression of GRB2 abrogated the effects of ERRFI1 silencing on hepatocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis.

Conclusions
Our results revealed that the ERRFI1-GRB2 interaction and GRB2 stability are essential for ERRFI1-regulated hepatic IR injury, indicating that inhibition of ERRFI1 or blockade of the ERRFI1-GRB2 interaction may be potential therapeutic strategies in response to hepatic IR injury.
Video livestreaming from medical emergency callers’ smartphones to emergency medical dispatch centres: a scoping review of current uses, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Magnusson Carin , Ollis Lucie , Munro Scott , Maben Jill , Coe Anthony , Fitzgerald Oliver , Taylor Cath 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Timely dispatch of appropriate emergency medical services (EMS) resources to the scene of medical incidents, and/or provision of treatment at the scene by bystanders and medical emergency lay callers (referred to as ‘callers’ in this review) can improve patient outcomes. Currently, in dispatch systems worldwide, prioritisation of dispatch relies mostly on verbal telephone information from callers, but advances in mobile phone technology provide means for sharing video footage. This scoping review aimed to map and identify current uses, opportunities, and challenges for using video livestreaming from callers’ smartphones to emergency medical dispatch centres.

Methods
A scoping review of relevant published literature between 2007 and 2023 in the English language, searched within MEDLINE; CINAHL and PsycINFO, was descriptively synthesised, adhering to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.

Results
Twenty-four articles remained from the initial search of 1,565 articles. Most studies were simulation-based and focused on emergency medical dispatchers’ (referred to as ‘dispatcher/s’ in this review) assisted video cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), predominantly concerned with measuring how video impacts CPR performance. Nine studies were based on real-life practice. Few studies specifically explored experiences of dispatchers or callers. Only three articles explored the impact that using video had on the dispatch of resources. Opportunities offered by video livestreaming included it being: perceived to be useful; easy to use; reassuring for both dispatchers and callers; and informing dispatcher decision-making. Challenges included the potential emotional impact for dispatchers and callers. There were also concerns about potential misuse of video, although there was no evidence that this was occurring. Evidence suggests a need for appropriate training of dispatchers and video-specific dispatch protocols.

Conclusion
Research is sparse in the context of video livestreaming. Few studies have focussed on the use of video livestreaming outside CPR provision, such as for trauma incidents, which are by their nature time-critical where visual information may offer significant benefit. Further investigation into acceptability and experience of the use of video livestreaming is warranted, to understand the potential psychological impact on dispatchers and callers.
Determinants of and interventions for Proton Pump Inhibitor prescription behavior: A systematic scoping review
Authors: van Gestel L. C. , Adriaanse M. A. , Kanis S. L , Mensink-Bout S. M. , Schoones J. W. , Numans M. E. , Kiefte-de Jong J. C. , van den Brink G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) are frequently prescribed. Long-term use is associated with side-effects and patients often lack a valid indication. Inappropriate PPI prescribing thus needs to be addressed. This review aims to scope 1) what determinants are studied as reasons for PPI prescribing, 2) what strategies are used for changing PPI (de)prescribing, and 3) whether important determinants are addressed in these interventions.

Methods
We searched eight databases for papers on determinants of physician PPI prescribing. Studies were included if they were conducted in a Western country and focused on oral PPIs for an adult population. By following the Behaviour Change Wheel, we extracted information regarding PPI prescribing behavior, behavioral determinants and intervention strategies.

Findings
We included 74 papers. Most focused on the determinants knowledge and beliefs about consequences. The latter was consistently related to PPI prescribing. Results for knowledge were mixed. Most interventions used education or enablement (e.g., algorithms, quality check improvements, involvement of pharmacists) as strategies. Enablement consistently improved PPI prescribing, while results for education were mixed.

Interpretation
There is an overemphasis on reflective processes in studies on PPI prescribing. Future research should comprehensively identify behavioral determinants, focusing on reflective and impulsive processes, such that interventions can address the most important determinants.
Investigating the relationship between health literacy and preconceptual care components during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sajjadian Fatemeh , Amiri-Farahani Leila , Haghani Shima , Pezaro Sally 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and Aim
Preconceptual care aiming to improve health is influenced by various factors including health literacy. Considering the importance and necessity of high quality preconceptual care, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and receiving components of preconceptual care prior to pregnancy.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 693 participants with pregnancies of less than 14 weeks gestation referred to health centers and gynecologists in Shiraz city, Iran. Multi-stage sampling was done from May 2021 to February 2022 in 18 comprehensive urban health centers and 20 gynecology offices via proportional allocation method. The data collection tool comprised a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts: (1) individual and fertility characteristics, (2) information related to the components of preconceptual care and (3) health literacy for Iranian adults. This was completed by individual participants via the self-reporting method.

Results
The majority of participants were between 30 and 34 years old. They also identified as women with a university education and were predominantly unemployed. The mean health literacy of participants was 76.81%. Health literacy obtained the highest mean score in the dimension of ‘understanding’ and the lowest mean score in the dimension of ‘access’. The frequency of preconceptual counseling, folic acid supplement consumption, exercise, blood testing, dental visits, genetic counseling, Pap smear testing and rubella, diphtheria, and hepatitis vaccinations prior to pregnancy was 66.8%, 53.8%, 45.6%, 71.86%, 44.44%, 12%, 53.4%, 10.83%, respectively. Many (> 64%) received preconceptual care at specialist gynecology offices. Results demonstrated that health literacy had a statistically significant relationship with preconceptual care, folic acid consumption, exercise and dental care, (p < 0.001), along with blood testing and Pap smear testing (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Overall, our results demonstrate that despite health literacy being optimal, uptakes of some components of preconceptual care are low. As such, it will be important to further raise awareness of the importance of preconceptual care for people prior to pregnancy as a priority in health promotion and education.
Regional differences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection and multidrug resistance epidemic in Luoyang
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Guo Tengfei , Xu Liyang , Liu Jinwei , Hou Yi , Jin Junrong , Zhang Qing , Jiang Tao , Zhao Zhanqin , Xue Yun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health event of great concern, however epidemic data on TB covering entire areas during the special period of the COVID-19 epidemic have rarely been reported. We compared the dissemination and multidrug-resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in the main urban area of Luoyang City, China (including six municipal jurisdictions) and nine county and township areas under its jurisdiction, aimed to establish the epidemiology of TB in this region and to provide reference for precision anti-TB in places with similar settings.

Methods
From 2020 to 2022, sputum samples were collected from 18,504 patients with confirmed, suspected and unexcluded TB in 10 designated TB medical institutions. Insertion sequence 6110 was amplified by PCR (rpoB gene detection if necessary) to confirm the presence of MTBC. PCR-positive specimens were analyzed by multicolor melting curve analysis to detect multidrug resistance.

Results
Among the 18,504 specimens, 2675 (14.5%) were MTBC positive. The positive rate was higher in the main urban area than in the county and township areas (29.8% vs. 10.9%, p < 0.001). Male, re-treated and smear-positive groups were high-burden carriers of MTBC. Individuals aged > 60 years were the largest group infected with MTBC in the main urban area, compared with individuals aged < 61 years in the county and township areas. The detection of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was higher in the main urban area than in the county and township areas (13.9% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001). In all areas, MDR-TB groups were dominated by males, patients with a history of TB treatment, and patients aged < 61 years. Stratified analysis of MDR-TB epidemiology showed that MDR4 (INH þ RIF þ EMB þ SM) was predominant in the main urban area, while MDR3 (INH þ RIF þ SM) was predominant in the county and township areas. MDR-TB detection rate and epidemiology differed among the county and township areas.

Conclusions
For local TB control, it is necessary to plan more appropriate and accurate prevention and control strategies according to the regional distribution of MTBC infection.
Global, regional and national burdens of Nasopharynx cancer in the adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions
Authors: Huang Guoxin , Wang Yaojie , Qin Bingqing , Zeng Jing , tan Huazhang , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Qiuyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to report the global, regional and national rates and trends of deaths incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for Nasopharynx cancer (NPC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).

Methods
Data from the GBD 2019 were used to analyze deaths incidence, prevalence and DALYs due to NPC at global, regional, and national levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage changes (AAPC). The association between incidence, prevalence and DALYs and socioeconomic development was analyzed using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Finally, projections were made until 2030 and calculated in Nordpred.

Results
The incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs rates (95%UI) due to NPC 0.96 (0.85–1.09, 6.31 (5.54–7.20),0.20 (0.19–0.22), and 12.23(11.27–13.29) in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence rates increased by 1.79 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.55) and 2.97(95% CI 2.13 to 3.82) respectively while the deaths and DALYs rates declined by 1.64(95%CI 1.78 to 1.49) and 1.6(95%CI 1.75 to 1.4) respectively. Deaths and DALYs rates in South Asia, East Asia, North Africa and Middle East decreased with SDI. Incidence and prevalence rates in East Asia increased with SDI. At the national level, the incidence and prevalence rates are high in China, Taiwan(China), Singapore, Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Malta. Meanwhile, the deaths and DALYs rates are still high in Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Greenland and Taiwan(Province of China). The deaths and DALYs rates are low in Honduras, Finland and Norway. From the 2020 to 2030, ASIR、ASPR and ASDR in most regions are predicted to stable, but DALYs tends to decline.

Conclusion
NPC in AYAs is a significant global public problem. The incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates vary widely by region and country. Therefore different regions and countries should be targeted to improve the disease burden of NPC.
Clinical features of primary and compound forms of wide macular posterior staphyloma in high myopia
Authors: Yoon Chang Ki , Lee Eun Kyoung , Bae Kunho , Park Un Chul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
To compare the ocular features of highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma of wide macular type according to its morphological complexity.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, wide macular posterior staphyloma (WMPS) was classified into the primary (Curtin type I) and the compound (Curtin types VI to X) forms based on the configuration within the staphyloma. The grades of myopic maculopathy and the thicknesses of choroid and sclera were compared between the primary and compound forms of WMPS.

Results
A total of 154 eyes (103 patients) with primary WMPS and 65 eyes (49 patients) with compound WMPS were included. Eyes with compound WMPS had worse visual acuity (P = 0.001) and greater axial length (P < 0.001) than those with primary WMPS. Compared to primary WMPS, compound WMPS had a higher grade of myopic macular degeneration (P < 0.001) and a higher frequency of lamellar or full-thickness macular hole associated with myopic traction (21.5% vs. 10.4%; P = 0.028) and active or scarred myopic choroidal neovascularization (33.8% vs. 20.1%; P = 0.030). On swept-source optical coherence tomography, eyes with compound WMPS had significantly thinner choroid and sclera.

Conclusions
The compound form of WMPS had more severe myopic macular changes and worse visual prognosis compared to the primary form of WMPS, and these were associated with more structural deformation in the posterior eyeball. Compound WMPS should be considered as an advanced form of staphyloma.
The impact of retirement on blood pressure: evidence from a nationwide survey in China
Authors: Mi Jiarun , Han Xueyan , Cao Man , Cheng Hanchao , Pan Zhaoyang , Guo Jian , Sun Wei , Liu Yuanli , Zheng Congyi , Wang Xin , Cao Xue , Hu Zhen , Tian Yixin , Wang Zengwu , Guan Tianjia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The health impact of retirement is controversial. Most previous studies have been based on self-reported health indicators or the endpoints of some chronic diseases (e.g., morbidity or mortality), but objective physiological indicators (e.g., blood pressure) have rarely been used. The objective of this study is to elucidate the health effects of retirement on blood pressure, thereby offering empirical evidence to facilitate the health of retirees and to optimize retirement policies.

Methods
From 2012 to 2015, 84,696 participants of the Chinese Hypertension Survey (CHS) were included in this study. We applied the fuzzy regression discontinuity design (FRDD) to identify retirement’s causal effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure. We also explored the heterogeneity in the effects of retirement across different sex and education level groups.

Results
Based on the fully adjusted model, we estimated that retirement increased SBP by 5.047 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.628-12.723, P value: 0.197), DBP by 0.614 mm Hg (95% CI: -3.879-5.108, P value: 0.789) and pulse pressure by 4.433 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.985-9.851, P value: 0.109). We found that retirement led to a significant increase in male participants’ SBP and pulse pressure as well as a possible decrease in female participants’ blood pressure. Additionally, the blood pressure levels of low-educated participants were more vulnerable to the shock of retirement.

Conclusion
Retirement is associated with an increase in blood pressure level. There is a causal relationship between the increase in blood pressure levels of men and retirement. Policy-makers should pay extra attention to the health status of men and less educated people when adjusting retirement policies in the future.
Utilization of machine learning for dengue case screening
Authors: Bohm Bianca Conrad , Borges Fernando Elias de Melo , Silva Suellen Caroline Matos , Soares Alessandra Talaska , Ferreira Danton Diego , Belo Vinícius Silva , Lignon Julia Somavilla , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDengue causes approximately 10.000 deaths and 100 million symptomatic infections annually worldwide, making it a significant public health concern. To address this, artificial intelligence tools like machine learning can play a crucial role in developing more effective strategies for control, diagnosis, and treatment. This study identifies relevant variables for the screening of dengue cases through machine learning models and evaluates the accuracy of the models. Data from reported dengue cases in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais for the years 2016 and 2019 were obtained through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (SINAN). The mutual information technique was used to assess which variables were most related to laboratory-confirmed dengue cases. Next, a random selection of 10,000 confirmed cases and 10,000 discarded cases was performed, and the dataset was divided into training (70%) and testing (30%). Machine learning models were then tested to classify the cases. It was found that the logistic regression model with 10 variables (gender, age, fever, myalgia, headache, vomiting, nausea, back pain, rash, retro-orbital pain) and the Decision Tree and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models achieved the best results in decision metrics, with an accuracy of 98%. Therefore, a tree-based model would be suitable for building an application and implementing it on smartphones. This resource would be available to healthcare professionals such as doctors and nurses.
Supporting whānau during COVID-19 pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand: a systems thinking case study
Authors: Sharma Sudesh , Davies Cheryl , Mana Helena Rattray-Te , Baker Michael , Kvalsvig Amanda , Walton Mat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19 pandemic response has been hailed as a success story, however, there are concerns about how equitable it has been. This study explored the experience of a collective of Māori health and social service providers in the greater Wellington region of Aotearoa New Zeland delivering COVID-19 responses.

Methods
The study was a collaboration between a large urban Māori health and social service provider, Tākiri Mai Te Ata whānau ora collective, and public health researchers in Aotearoa New Zealand. Two online workshops were held with staff of the Māori service provider, collectively developing a qualitative causal loop diagram and generating systemic insights. The causal loop diagram showed interactions of various factors affecting COVID-19 response for supporting whānau (Māori family/households) at a community level. The iceberg model of systems thinking offered insights for action in understanding causal loop diagrams, emphasizing impactful changes at less visible levels.

Results
Six interacting subsystems were identified within the causal loop diagram that highlighted the systemic barriers and opportunities for effective COVID-19 response to Māori whānau. The medical model of health service produces difficulties for delivering kaupapa Māori services. Along with pre-existing vulnerability and health system gaps, these difficulties increased the risk of negative impacts on Māori whānau as COVID-19 cases increased. The study highlighted a critical need to create equal power in health perspectives, reducing dominance of the individual-focused medical model for better support of whānau during future pandemics.

Conclusions
The study provided insights on systemic traps, their interactions and delays contributing to a relatively less effective COVID-19 response for Māori whānau and offered insights for improvement. In the light of recent changes in the Aotearoa New Zealand health system, the findings emphasize the urgent need for structural reform to address power imbalances and establish kaupapa Māori approach and equity as a norm in service planning and delivery.