bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connected Life Courses: Influences on and Experiences of ‘Midlife’ In‐Migration to Rural Areas
Authors: Stockdale Aileen , MacLeod Marsaili , Philip Lorna 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to contribute to the theorisation of midlife migration into rural areas. Although the factors influencing migration are known to be variable at different stages of a person's life, much less well understood is how migration decisions at different stages of the life course are connected and how post‐migration experiences may be influenced by an earlier life course stage. We argue that midlife migration decisions are the product of the migrant's lifetime experiences and influences up until that stage in their life alongside their expectations and aspirations for future life course stages. Using a case study of the Glens of Antrim (Northern Ireland), this paper specifically demonstrates the role of childhood memories to explain midlife migration to a rural area. In doing so, it argues that some findings more commonly associated with second‐generation transnational migration are also equally relevant to migration within the UK. Roots migration and place attachment alongside the midlife migrant's post‐migration sense of belonging and permanency are found to be influenced by the migrant's earlier memories, behaviours, and experiences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the ozonolysis of model lipids by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Chenxing , Zhao Yuan‐Yuan , Curtis Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALEThe ozonolysis of vegetable oils has been proposed as step to functionalise unsaturated lipids for the production of bio‐based chemicals and materials. The observation of ozonolysis products by mass spectrometry will facilitate mechanistic studies that are essential for the further development of industrial processes based on lipid ozonolysis.METHODSOzonolysis of the model lipids methyl oleate and triolein was performed and samples were taken over a range of reaction times. Ozonlysis products were separated by normal and non‐aqueous reversed‐phase (NARP) liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a hybrid quadrupole‐time of flight instrument. Post‐column addition of ammonium acetate solutions aided ionization. Volatile reaction products were observed using gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/MS).RESULTSSecondary ozonides, reaction intermediates and previously unreported high molecular weight product dimers were observed as intact molecular ammonium ion adducts under positive ESI. The main fragment ions obtained by MS/MS were from cleavage of the trioxolane group, loss of fatty acyl chain and fragmentation between n‐8 and n‐9 on the fatty acyl chain. The MS/MS spectra and exact mass measurements explain most of the ozonolysis reaction products.CONCLUSIONSLC/MS, LC/MS/MS and GC/MS results demonstrate that the products from the ozonolysis of the model lipids methyl oleate and triolein are consistent with known ozonolysis reaction pathways. LC/MS techniques using non‐aqueous chromatography have permitted the direct observation of mono‐, di‐ and tri‐1,2,4‐triloxanes which are the secondary ozonides formed by the ozonolysis of triolein. It was also shown that intermediates formed during the ozonolysis of triolein can combine to form high molecular weight ozonide dimers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐stage liquid‐phase lipid microextraction coupled to nanospray mass spectrometry for detailed, nano‐scale lipid analysis
Authors: Horn Patrick J. , Joshi Ubisha , Behrendt Anna K. , Chapman Kent D. , Verbeck Guido F. 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALEDevelopments in instrumentation aimed at microscopic sampling have led to an emphasis on applications analyzing small volumes and molecular concentrations within biological, chemical, and industrial samples. Simultaneous improvements in the sensitivity and versatility of nanospray mass spectrometers have made it possible to directly couple these sampling and analysis processes.METHODSWe developed a versatile liquid‐phase lipid microextraction (LPME) technique for nanoliter to microliter volumes that is amenable to direct nanospray mass spectrometry (NMS). Lipophilic analytes within several types of biological samples were extracted and analyzed by partitioning and concentrating the analytes based on their solubility within two immiscible or partially miscible liquid phases.RESULTSThe utility of LPME‐NMS is demonstrated by extracting and analyzing molecules in four different types of applications: (1) visualization of an extracted neutral lipid‐specific fluorescent dye from an aqueous solvent; (2) identification of controlled acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols within nanospray capillaries; (3) reproducible sampling of a fatty acid emulsion; and (4) profiling of diverse lipids in a complex biological matrix of rabbit serum.CONCLUSIONSThe modified instrumentation of a multi‐port, on‐stage bioworkstation shows considerable versatility by combining nanomanipulation, microextraction and direct NMS for a variety of chemical, biological, industrial, and clinical applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic uterine fibroids: short‐term evaluation of effect of treatment on quality of life and symptom severity
Authors: Iversen H. , Lenz S. , Dueholm M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation (USgRFA) for the treatment of women with symptomatic uterine fibroids in relation to volume of fibroid.MethodsForty‐three women with symptomatic fibroids underwent USgRFA for treatment of uterine fibroids. Improvements in fibroid symptoms and quality of life were measured by the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire scores at baseline and 3, 6 and 9 months after the intervention, and analyzed in relation to baseline fibroid volume. Volume reduction of fibroids was measured and the frequency of adverse events and re‐interventions was recorded.ResultsFollowing USgRFA, mean Symptom Severity Scores (SSS) decreased from 60.7 ± 17.8 to 31.2 ± 19.5, corresponding to an improvement of 48.6%. The total Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) score improved by 46.4% from 55.6 ± 20.9 to 81.4 ± 16.6. There was no correlation between fibroid volume at baseline and improvement in SSS and HRQOL scores. Fibroid volume was reduced in all patients, by a mean of 69.7 ± 19.4%. Two (4.7%) patients underwent hysterectomy. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionUSgRFA reduces fibroid symptom and size even in patients with larger fibroids. USgRFA is a promising new treatment for fibroids in gynecological settings and should be further investigated. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Synthesis of PbO Nanoparticles From a Lead(II) Nano Coordination Polymer Precursor: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and DFT Calculations of [Pb2(dmp)2(μ‐N3)2(μ‐ClO4)2]n with the First Pb2‐(μ‐ClO4)2 Unit
Authors: Mirtamizdoust Babak , Shaabani Behrouz , Khandar Aliakbar , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Huang Shiping , Shadman Muhammad , Hojati‐Talemi Pejman 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNanostructures of a new coordination polymer of divalent lead with the ligand 2, 9‐dimethyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline (dmp) containing the first Pb2‐(μ‐ClO4)2 motif, [Pb2(dmp)2(μ‐N3)2(μ‐ClO4)2]n (1), was synthesized by a sonochemical method that produces the coordination polymers at nano size. The new nanostructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Compound 1 was structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and the single‐crystal X‐ray data shows that the coordination number of PbII ions is six, (PbN4O2), with two N‐donor atoms from aza‐aromatic base ligands and four O‐donors from two perchlorate anions and two N‐donors from two azide anions. It has a “stereo‐chemically active” electron lone pair, and the coordination sphere is hemidirected. The supramolecular features in these complexes are guided and controlled by weak directional intermolecular interactions. The chains interact with each other through π–π stacking interactions creating a 3D framework. The structure of the title complex was optimized by density functional theory calculations. Calculated structural parameters and IR spectra for the title complex are in agreement with the crystal structure. The PbO nanoparticles were obtained by thermolysis of 1 at 180 °C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was estimated by the Scherrer equation to be 23 nm. The morphology and size of the prepared PbO samples were further observed using SEM.
Risk Associated with Bilobectomy after Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Stage IIIA‐N2 Non‐small‐cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Cho Jong Ho , Kim Jhingook , Kim Kwhanmien , Shim Young Mog , Kim Hong Kwan , Choi Yong Soo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of surgical resection, especially bilobectomy, after chemoradiation therapy to treat stage IIIA‐N2 non‐small‐cell lung cancer.MethodsData from all patients who underwent surgical resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for stage IIIA‐N2 non‐small‐cell lung cancer between 1998 and 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of weekly paclitaxel plus cisplatin or weekly paclitaxel plus carboplatin for 5 weeks. The concurrent thoracic radiotherapy dose was 45 Gy over 5 weeks. Surgical resection was planned at around 4 weeks following the completion of neoadjuvant therapy.ResultsOf 186 patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy, 23 bilobectomies, 28 pneumonectomies, and 135 lobectomies were performed. The early postoperative mortality rate (within 30 days after operation) was 7.1, 8.7, and 1.5% for the pneumonectomy, bilobectomy, and lobectomy groups, respectively. The late postoperative mortality rate (within 90 days) of the lobectomy, bilobectomy, and pneumonectomy groups was 5.9, 13, and 10.7%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly higher among patients treated by lobectomy than among those treated by bilobectomy (p = 0.041) or pneumonectomy (p = 0.010). Recurrence was significantly lower in patients treated by lobectomy than in those treated by pneumonectomy (p = 0.034).ConclusionsBilobectomy is associated with high operative mortality and poor long‐term survival after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for stage IIIA‐N2 non‐small‐cell lung cancer. The outcomes of bilobectomy were similar to those of pneumonectomy in terms of overall survival, disease‐free survival, and postoperative mortality.
Treatment of Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Redefining the Role of Surgery
Authors: Alsfasser Guido , Schwandner Frank , Pertschy Annette , Hauenstein Karlheinz , Foitzik Thomas , Klar Ernst 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundEarly surgical intervention in necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) is associated with high mortality. Guidelines recommend fine needle aspiration (FNA) in patients with NP and signs of sepsis. Because infection of necrosis is considered an indication for surgery, operations are often performed early. We changed treatment toward a conservative approach with FNA in selected cases only, thereby reducing the rate of necrosectomy.MethodsRetrospectively analyzed patients, all operated on for FNA‐proven infection of pancreatic necrosis (n = 20, group 1) were compared to patients subjected to conservative treatment (n = 24, group 2) who were followed prospectively.ResultsPrognostic scores did not differ between the two groups, indicating comparable severity: the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score was 19.8 ± 1.7 versus 16 ± 2.2; the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8.7 ± 1.4 versus 6.9 ± 1.0, the C‐reactive protein (CRP) level on day 3 was 243 ± 21 versus 291 ± 21, and the CTSI (CT severity index) was 7.8 ± 0.5 versus 7.9 ± 0.4 (p = ns). Ten patients in group 2 underwent operation because of severe extrapancreatic complications. Mortality differed significantly (45% in group 1 vs. 8.3% in group 2; p = 0.01).ConclusionsA highly conservative approach avoiding open necrosectomy in NP results in significantly lower mortality than previous serial FNA and consecutive indication for surgery in case of proven infection. Open surgery in NP should be reserved for concomitant intra‐abdominal complications.
Transvaginal Specimen Extraction After Laparoscopic Colectomy
Authors: Torres Ricardo A. , Orban Raúl D. , Tocaimaza Laura , Vallejos Pereira Guillermo , Arévalo José René 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundDespite the advantages of laparoscopic colon surgery, the need for an incision in the abdominal wall to remove the surgical specimen is a morbidity factor. The objective of this article is to introduce transvaginal specimen extraction after laparoscopic colectomy, in order to avoid an abdominal incision.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2011, 21 selected women with benign and malignant colorectal pathologies underwent laparoscopic colectomy and the extraction of the surgical specimen was done through a transvaginal access route. Of these patients, 12 had symptomatic diverticular disease, four had rectal villous adenomas, two had severe chronic constipation, and three had adenocarcinomas. We describe the surgical technique and the short‐term outcomes related to the transvaginal specimen extraction.ResultsThe procedure was successful in all cases. There were no immediate complications or mortality. At follow‐up, between 2 and 34 months, there were no functional disorders associated with the transvaginal specimen extraction.ConclusionSpecimen removal of laparoscopic colectomies via the transvaginal route avoids the abdominal wall incision and its potential complications. It is feasible, safe, and simple to perform, with no additional costs, and provides excellent cosmetic results.
Effects of Post‐transplant Enteral Nutrition with an Immunomodulating Diet Containing Hydrolyzed Whey Peptide after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kaido Toshimi , Ogura Yasuhiro , Ogawa Kohei , Hata Koichiro , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Yagi Shintaro , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundComplications due to infections, including bacteremia, often arise after liver transplantation (LT) and are the most frequent causes of in‐hospital death. Hydrolyzed whey peptide (HWP), a protein complex derived from milk, has anti‐inflammatory effects. The present study retrospectively analyzes the effects of early enteral nutrition with a new immunomodulating diet (IMD) enriched with HWP in patients after living‐donor LT (LDLT).MethodsData from 76 consecutive adult patients who underwent LDLT at our institute between September 2009 and March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The new IMD enriched with HWP and a conventional elemental diet were administered enterally to 40 (HWP group) and 36 (control group) patients, respectively, within the first 24 h after surgery.ResultsThe characteristics of patients and surgical parameters did not differ between the two groups. The incidence of bacteremia was significantly lower in the HWP (15%) than in the control group (47%) (p = 0.002). The in‐hospital mortality due to infection was a little lower in the HWP group than in the control group, although there was no statistical difference (p = 0.145). The fasting blood glucose level at postoperative day 7 was significantly lower in the HWP group than in the control group (p = 0.005). The incidence of acute cellular rejection was similar between the two groups (p = 0.858).ConclusionEarly enteral nutrition with the new IMD enriched with HWP can prevent post‐transplant bacteremia and post‐transplant hyperglycemia without increasing the incidence of acute cellular rejection.
Heat transport by laminar boundary layer flow with polymers
Authors: Benzi Roberto , Ching Emily S. C. , Chu Vivien W. S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMotivated by recent experimental observations, we consider a steady-state boundary layer flow with polymers in forced convection above a heated plate and study how the heat transport might be affected by the polymers. We discuss how a set of equations can be derived for the problem and how these equations can be solved numerically by an iterative scheme. By carrying out such a scheme, we find that the effect of the polymers is equivalent to producing a space-dependent effective viscosity that first increases from the zero-shear value at the plate then decreases rapidly back to the zero-shear value far from the plate. We further show that such an effective viscosity leads to a decrease in the streamwise velocity near the plate, which in turn leads to a reduction in heat transport.
Impact of age on leptin and adiponectin independent of adiposity
Authors: Schautz Britta , Later Wiebke , Heller Martin , Peters Achim , Müller Manfred J. , Bosy-Westphal Anja 
Published: February 2012

Age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels remain controversial, being affected by inconsistent normalisation for adiposity and body fat distribution in the literature. In a cross-sectional study on 210 Caucasians (127 women, eighty-three men, 18–78 years, BMI 16·8–46·8 kg/m2), we investigated the effect of age on adipokine levels independent of fat mass (FM measured by densitometry), visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes (VAT and SAT assessed by whole-body MRI). Adiponectin levels increased with age in both sexes, whereas leptin levels decreased with age in women only. There was an age-related increase in VAT (as a percentage of total adipose tissue, VAT%TAT), associated with a decrease in SATlegs%TAT. Adiposity was the main predictor of leptin levels, with 75·1 % of the variance explained by %FM in women and 76·6 % in men. Independent of adiposity, age had a minor contribution to the variance in leptin levels (5·2 % in women only). The variance in adiponectin levels explained by age was 14·1 % in women and 5·1 % in men. In addition, independent and inverse contributions to the variance in adiponectin levels were found for truncal SAT (explaining additional 3·0 % in women and 9·1 % in men) and VAT%TAT (explaining additional 13·0 % in men). In conclusion, age-related changes in leptin and adiponectin levels are opposite to each other and partly independent of adiposity and body fat distribution. Normalisation for adiposity but not for body fat distribution is required for leptin. Adiponectin levels are adversely affected by subcutaneous and visceral trunk fat.
Interrelated effects of dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids, and sesamin on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in rats
Authors: Ide Takashi , Ono Yoshiko , Kawashima Hiroshi , Kiso Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2012

Interrelated effects of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), and sesamin, a sesame lignan, on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were examined in rats. Rats were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 2 g/kg sesamin (1:1 mixture of sesamin and episesamin), containing 100 g/kg of maize oil or fungal oil rich in DGLA or ARA for 16 d. Among the groups fed sesamin-free diets, oils rich in DGLA or ARA, especially the latter, compared with maize oil strongly reduced the activity and mRNA levels of various lipogenic enzymes. Sesamin, irrespective of the type of fat, reduced the parameters of lipogenic enzymes except for malic enzyme. The type of dietary fat was rather irrelevant in affecting hepatic fatty acid oxidation among rats fed the sesamin-free diets. Sesamin increased the activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation in all groups of rats given different fats. The extent of the increase depended on the dietary fat type, and the values became much higher with a diet containing sesamin and oil rich in ARA in combination than with a diet containing lignan and maize oil. Analyses of mRNA levels revealed that the combination of sesamin and oil rich in ARA compared with the combination of lignan and maize oil markedly increased the gene expression of various peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzymes but not mitochondrial enzymes. The enhancement of sesamin action on hepatic fatty acid oxidation was also confirmed with oil rich in DGLA but to a lesser extent.
Symplectic cobordisms and the strong Weinstein conjecture
Authors: GEIGES HANSJÖRG , ZEHMISCH KAI 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe study holomorphic spheres in certain symplectic cobordisms and derive information about periodic Reeb orbits in the concave end of these cobordisms from the non-compactness of the relevant moduli spaces. We use this to confirm the strong Weinstein conjecture (predicting the existence of null-homologous Reeb links) for various higher-dimensional contact manifolds, including contact type hypersurfaces in subcritical Stein manifolds and in some cotangent bundles. The quantitative character of this result leads to the definition of a symplectic capacity.
Understanding the concept of a “good death” among bereaved family caregivers of cancer patients in Singapore
Authors: Lee Geok Ling , Woo Ivan Mun Hong , Goh Cynthia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to examine the concept of a good death from the perspectives of both the dying person and the family caregiver, as perceived by bereaved family caregivers of advanced cancer patients.Method:The data were gathered from five focus group discussions and one face-to-face qualitative interview conducted over 8 months among 18 bereaved family caregivers recruited from a local hospice. The transcripts of the focus groups and the interview were entered into NVivo Version 8 and were analyzed using the thematic approach.Results:A good death may be understood as having the biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects of life handled well at the end of life. Five major themes were identified. These were preparation for death, family and social relationships, moments at or near death, comfort and physical care, and spiritual well-being. Differences were also noted in what is important at the end of life between the patients and caregivers. Having a quick death with little suffering was perceived to be good by the patient, but the family caregiver wanted to be able to say a final goodbye to the patient. Patients tend to prefer not to die in their children's presence but the children wished to be present for the final moment. In addition, family caregivers reported it was important for them to be able to give the patients permission to die, to feel recognized for the efforts made, and to have had a fulfilling caregiving experience.Significance of results:Whereas there are global attributes of a good death, our findings suggest that patients and family caregivers may define a good death differently. Therefore, there is a need to respect, address, and reconcile the differences, so that all parties may have a good experience at the end of a person's life.