bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire, climate change, and forest resilience in interior AlaskaThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska's Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.
Authors: Johnstone Jill F. , Chapin F. Stuart , Hollingsworth Teresa N. , Mack Michelle C. , Romanovsky Vladimir , Turetsky Merritt 
Published: July 2010

In the boreal forests of interior Alaska, feedbacks that link forest soils, fire characteristics, and plant traits have supported stable cycles of forest succession for the past 6000 years. This high resilience of forest stands to fire disturbance is supported by two interrelated feedback cycles: (i) interactions among disturbance regime and plant–soil–microbial feedbacks that regulate soil organic layer thickness and the cycling of energy and materials, and (ii) interactions among soil conditions, plant regeneration traits, and plant effects on the environment that maintain stable cycles of forest community composition. Unusual fire events can disrupt these cycles and trigger a regime shift of forest stands from one stability domain to another (e.g., from conifer to deciduous forest dominance). This may lead to abrupt shifts in forest cover in response to changing climate and fire regime, particularly at sites with intermediate levels of moisture availability where stand-scale feedback cycles are only weakly constrained by environmental conditions. However, the loss of resilience in individual stands may foster resilience at the landscape scale, if changes in the landscape configuration of forest cover types feedback to stabilize regional patterns of fire behavior and climate conditions.
Decomposition and nutrient release from four epiphytic lichen litters in sub-boreal spruce forests
Authors: Campbell Jocelyn , Fredeen Arthur L. , Prescott Cindy E. 
Published: July 2010

Epiphytic lichens are highly abundant in many sub-boreal forests and may be important components of nutrient cycling. Decomposition of, and nutrient release from, two cyanolichens (with N2-fixing cyanobacterial partners) and two chlorolichens (with green-algal partners) were quantified to estimate N inputs from epiphytic lichen litter in late-seral forests. Initial decay rates were strongly correlated with initial %N; the high-N cyanolichen litters ( Nephroma helveticum Ach. and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.) lost 26% more mass than the lower-N chlorolichen litters ( Alectoria sarmentosa (Ach.) Ach. and Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb.) over the first 4 months. Morphological characteristics also influenced decay, as decomposition of the hair chlorolichen (A. sarmentosa) was similar to that of the foliose cyanolichens, despite an N concentration that was 87% lower. N was immediately released from cyanolichen litters and retained in chlorolichen litters. After 24 months of decay, N concentrations remained highly divergent with 22–27 and 7–8 mg N·g–1in cyanolichen and chlorolichen litter, respectively. Cyanolichen litter represents 0.1%–2.3% of the total aboveground litter biomass and 0.5%–11.5% of the total N input from aboveground litterfall. Decomposition of cyanolichen litter is estimated to release up to 2.1 kg N·ha–1·year–1of newly fixed N that would otherwise be unavailable in mature sub-boreal forests.
A dendrochronological analysis of a disturbance–succession model for oak–pine forests of the Appalachian Mountains, USA
Authors: Brose Patrick H. , Waldrop Thomas A. 
Published: July 2010

Disturbance–succession models describe the relationship between the disturbance regime and the dominant tree species of a forest type. Such models are useful tools in ecosystem management and restoration, provided they are accurate. We tested a disturbance–succession model for the oak–pine ( Quercus spp. – Pinus spp.) forests of the Appalachian Mountains region using dendrochronological techniques. In this model, fire promotes pines, while fire suppression, bark beetle outbreaks, and ice storms encourage oaks. We analyzed nine Appalachian oak–pine stands for species establishment dates and the occurrence of fires and canopy disturbances. We found no evidence that fire preferentially promoted the establishment of pine more than oak, nor did we find any evidence that canopy disturbances or periods of no disturbance facilitated the establishment of oak more than pine. Rather, we found that both species groups originated primarily after combined canopy and fire disturbances, and reduction of fire frequency and scope coincided with the cessation of successful oak and pine regeneration. Currently, heath shrubs are slowly dominating these stands, so we present a revised disturbance–succession model for land managers struggling to manage or restore oak–pine forests containing a dense ericaceous understory.
Intervention analysis of the antidumping investigation on wooden bedroom furniture imports from China
Authors: Wan Yang , Sun Changyou , Grebner Donald L. 
Published: July 2010

In recent years, the annual imports of wooden bedroom furniture by the United States have been over five billion dollars, with more than two billion dollars of that coming from China. This trend led to an antidumping action against China in October 2003. Since January 2005, antidumping duties of 0.83% to 198.08% have been imposed on individual Chinese firms. To assess the impact of this antidumping action, intervention analysis was employed to examine the import values of four furniture commodities and the prices of two of them over 1997–2008. China and six other major competing countries were included in the analysis. With regard to import values from China, significant trade investigation effects were identified: the petition announcement generated a positive impact in March 2004; the preliminary less-than-fair-value (LTFV) determination had a negative impact from July to December 2004. However, the final implementation did not show any expected trade duty effect. The aggregate impact of the antidumping action on import values from China over 2003–2008 was approximately equivalent to a 1-month import reduction. The impact on the unit prices for China was insignificant. For the six competing countries, intervention analyses revealed that the antidumping action generated a positive trade diversion effect, with the magnitude smaller than the trade depression effect on China.
Twenty-five years of vegetation change along a putative successional chronosequence on the Tanana River, AlaskaThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.
Authors: Hollingsworth Teresa N. , Lloyd Andrea H. , Nossov Dana R. , Ruess Roger W. , Charlton Brian A. , Kielland Knut 
Published: July 2010

Along the Tanana River floodplain, several turning points have been suggested to characterize the changes in ecosystem structure and function that accompany plant community changes through primary succession. In the past, much of this research focused on a presumed chronosequence that uses space for time substitutions. Within this chronosequence, permanent vegetation plots repeatedly measured over time provide an excellent test of the turning points model. We analyzed both canopy and understory vegetation data collected since 1987 in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest at the Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research site to address the following questions: (i) Do long-term changes in the densities of seedling, sapling, and mature trees and shrubs of the dominant woody taxa at each successional stage support the turning points model? (ii) How does the entire plant community change with time at each hypothesized turning point? (iii) Do we see evidence of directional and synchronous shifts in species composition across successional stages? We conclude that some aspects of vegetation change during the last 25 years were consistent with the turning points model; however, many changes were not consistent, indicating the potential roles of biological, environmental, landscape, and climate controls in vegetation patterns.
Alaska’s changing fire regime — implications for the vulnerability of its boreal forestsThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.
Authors: Kasischke Eric S. , Verbyla David L. , Rupp T. Scott , McGuire A. David , Murphy Karen A. , Jandt Randi , Barnes Jennifer L. , Hoy Elizabeth E. , Duffy Paul A. , Calef Monika , Turetsky Merritt R. 
Published: July 2010

A synthesis was carried out to examine Alaska’s boreal forest fire regime. During the 2000s, an average of 767 000 ha·year–1 burned, 50% higher than in any previous decade since the 1940s. Over the past 60 years, there was a decrease in the number of lightning-ignited fires, an increase in extreme lightning-ignited fire events, an increase in human-ignited fires, and a decrease in the number of extreme human-ignited fire events. The fraction of area burned from human-ignited fires fell from 26% for the 1950s and 1960s to 5% for the 1990s and 2000s, a result from the change in fire policy that gave the highest suppression priorities to fire events that occurred near human settlements. The amount of area burned during late-season fires increased over the past two decades. Deeper burning of surface organic layers in black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests occurred during late-growing-season fires and on more well-drained sites. These trends all point to black spruce forests becoming increasingly vulnerable to the combined changes of key characteristics of Alaska’s fire regime, except on poorly drained sites, which are resistant to deep burning. The implications of these fire regime changes to the vulnerability and resilience of Alaska’s boreal forests and land and fire management are discussed.
The Monte Maggiore peridotite (Corsica, France): a case study of mantle evolution in the Ligurian Tethys
Authors: Piccardo Giovanni B. , Guarnieri Luisa 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Monte Maggiore peridotite represents subcontinental mantle that underwent tectonic and magmatic evolution during the rifting stage of the Jurassic Ligurian Tethys oceanic basin. Pristine garnet peridotites were first equilibrated under spinel-facies conditions. During continental extension they were diffusely infiltrated by asthenospheric melts that consisted of single fractional melt increments (6% melting degree) showing depleted MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt) signature. Diffuse melt migration of undersaturated melts at spinel-facies conditions formed reactive spinel peridotites, and melt impregnation at plagioclase-facies conditions formed impregnated plagioclase peridotites. Further focused melt migration occurred within high-porosity dunite channels.
Subsequently, the single melt fractions underwent coalescence to form aggregate MORB melts that were intruded into shallow magma chambers. They underwent fractional crystallization and formation of variably evolved Mg-rich and Fe–Ti-rich magmas. Mg- and Fe–Ti-gabbroic dykes were formed by intrusion along fractures of these magmas. Melt-percolated peridotites and gabbroic rocks are isotopically homogeneous, suggesting that melts which percolated and intruded the mantle lithosphere derived from isotopically homogeneous asthenospheric mantle sources.
The magmatic cycle, that is, asthenosphere partial melting, lithosphere diffuse melt percolation and dyke intrusion, occurred during Late Jurassic times (163–150 Ma) and represents the youngest events of lithosphere–asthenosphere interaction so far documented in ophiolitic peridotites from the Ligurian Tethys. The Ligurian Tethys basin never reached a mature oceanic stage, that is, the genetic link between exposed oceanic crustal rocks and refractory mantle peridotites.
Composite xenoliths from Spitsbergen: evidence of the circulation of MORB-related melts within the upper mantle
Authors: Grégoire Michel , Chevet June , Maaloe Sven 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

The Sverrefjell Quaternary volcano in Spitsbergen contains composite xenoliths showing lherzolite rocks cross-cut by websterite veins. These two rock types are characterized by similar major element compositions of olivines, orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes and spinels, as well as similar trace element composition for clinopyroxene. The clinopyroxenes of both rock types mostly display upwards convex or spoon-shaped REE (rare earth elements) patterns with a systematic enrichment in La over Ce (Ce
N
/Yb
N
0.72–1.32; Sm
N
/Yb
N
0.86–1.93 and La
N
/Ce
N
1.27–1.93), except for one sample (SV-69) in which clinopyroxenes show a pattern characterized by low LREE compare to HREE (Ce
N
/Yb
N
0.33–0.35). Metasomatic processes appear to be the most reasonable origin to form the lherzolite–websterite associations. We therefore propose that the Spitsbergen mantle has undergone at least two events: (1) a sub-alkaline (tholeiitic) metasomatism followed by (2) an alkaline metasomatic event.
Insights into the origin of mantle graphite and sulphides in garnet pyroxenites from the External Liguride peridotites (Northern Apennine, Italy)
Authors: Montanini Alessandra , Tribuzio Riccardo , Bersani Danilo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes a rare occurrence of graphite in non-cratonic mantle rocks. Graphite has been found in garnet clinopyroxenite layers from the External Liguride peridotites that represent slices of subcontinental lithospheric mantle exhumed at the ocean floor in Mesozoic times. The high-pressure assemblage of the pyroxenites is characterized by garnet+Al–Na-rich clinopyroxene, and testifies to an early stage of equilibration at approximately 2.8 GPa and 1100 °C. Graphite occurs as small dispersed euhedral flakes and stacks of flakes. Structural characterization by microRaman spectrometry indicates a highly ordered structure, compatible with a high-temperature mantle origin. C isotope composition of graphite has a typical mantle signature. Fe–Ni–Cu sulphides occur as accessory phases, both as blebs enclosed in silicates (E-Type) and interstitial grains (I-Type). The sulphide assemblage (Ni-free pyrrhotite, pentlandite, Cu–Fe sulphides) mainly reflects subsolidus exsolution from high-temperature Fe–Ni–Cu monosulphide solid solutions with variable Ni (up to 18 wt%) and Cu content (up to 7 wt%). The origin of E- and I-Type sulphides requires the existence of an immiscible Fe–Ni–Cu sulphide liquid, which segregated from the partial melt of the garnet pyroxenite. Graphite precipitation in the pyroxenite was presumably related to the reduction of a more oxidized carbon species interacting with the sulphide liquid as a reducing agent.
Composition and evolution of the lithospheric mantle in central Spain: inferences from peridotite xenoliths from the Cenozoic Calatrava volcanic field
Authors: Villaseca C. , Ancochea E. , Orejana D. , Jeffries T. E. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Spinel lherzolite xenoliths from the Cenozoic Calatrava volcanic field provide a sampling of the lithospheric mantle of central Spain. The xenoliths are estimated to originate from depths of 35–50 km. Trace element content of clinopyroxene and Cr-number in spinel indicate low degrees of partial melting (≤ 5%) of the xenoliths. Although a major element whole-rock model suggests wider degrees of melting, the Calatrava peridotite chemistry indicates a moderately fertile mantle beneath central Spain. Calatrava peridotite xenoliths bear evidence for interaction with two different metasomatic agents. The enrichment in LREE(light rare earth element), Th, U and Pb, and the negative anomalies in Nb–Ta in clinopyroxene and amphibole from xenoliths of El Aprisco, indicate that the metasomatic agent was probably a subduction-related melt, whereas the enrichment in MREE in clinopyroxene from xenoliths of the Cerro Pelado centre suggests an alkaline melt similar to the host undersaturated magmas. These metasomatic agents are also consistent with the chemistry of interstitial glasses found in xenoliths of the two volcanic centres. Differences in metasomatism but also in mantle composition is supported by Sr–Nd whole-rock data which show a more radiogenic nature for Sr isotopes of samples from the El Aprisco centre (
87
Sr/
86
Sr ratios of 0.7035–0.7044 instead of 0.7032–0.7037 for samples from Cerro Pelado). The timing of the subduction-related metasomatic stage is unconstrained, although the Calatrava intraplate volcanism intrudes an old Variscan lithospheric section reworked during the converging plate system affecting SE Iberia in the Tertiary. The presence of wehrlite types within the Calatrava peridotite xenoliths is here interpreted as a reaction of host lherzolites with silica-undersaturated silicate melts that could be related to the Calatrava alkaline magmatism. The Sr–Nd isotopic composition of Calatrava peridotites plot within the European athenospheric reservoir(EAR) mantle, these values represent more enriched signatures than those found in the other Spanish Cenozoic alkaline province of Olot.
Cryptic metasomatism in clino- and orthopyroxene in the upper mantle beneath the Pannonian region
Authors: Dobosi G. , Jenner G. A. , Embey-Isztin A. , Downes H. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Clino- and orthopyroxenes in anhydrous spinel peridotite xenoliths from Pliocene alkali basalts of the western Pannonian Basin have been analysed for trace elements by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Clinopyroxenes show highly variable mantle normalized REE (rare earth elements) patterns but basically can be classified into three major groups: LREE-depleted, LREE-enriched and U-shaped patterns. As the REE patterns of clinopyroxenes usually reflect the REE patterns of the host peridotite, the three major REE patterns define three geochemically different groups of xenoliths. LREE-depleted xenoliths generally have undeformed protogranular textures, while the more deformed xenoliths with porphyroclastic and equigranular textures have LREE-enriched trace element patterns. The U-shaped pattern is very distinctive and is generally associated with poikilitic textures. The HREE content of the clinopyroxenes suggest that most of the xenoliths experienced less than15% partial melting, with the lowest degree occurring in the LREE-depleted xenoliths, and the highest degree in LREE-enriched xenoliths. Cryptic metasomatism frequently accompanies deformation. Metasomatic enrichment of incompatible trace elements can be observed not only in clinopyroxenes but also in coexisting orthopyroxenes. The metasomatic agents were probably alkaline mafic melts of asthenospheric origin and some may relate to upper Cretaceous alkali lamprophyre magmatism. Geochemical signatures of subduction-related melts or fluids have not been found in the anhydrous LREE-enriched xenoliths, although poikilitic xenoliths with U-shaped normalized REE patterns may indicate the influence of subduction-related melts.
An Ishikawa-Hybrid Proximal Point Algorithm for Nonlinear Set-Valued Inclusions Problem Based on "Equation missing" -Accretive Framework
Authors: Li HongGang , Xu AnJian , Jin MaoMing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA general nonlinear framework for an Ishikawa-hybrid proximal point algorithm using the notion of "Equation missing"-accretive is developed. Convergence analysis for the algorithm of solving a nonlinear set-valued inclusions problem and existence analysis of solution for the nonlinear set-valued inclusions problem are explored along with some results on the resolvent operator corresponding to "Equation missing"-accretive mapping due to Lan-Cho-Verma in Banach space. The result that sequence "Equation missing" generated by the algorithm converges linearly to a solution of the nonlinear set-valued inclusions problem with the convergence rate "Equation missing" is proved.
Ten Common Genetic Variants Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk Are Not Associated with Survival after Diagnosis
Authors: Tenesa Albert , Theodoratou Evropi , Din Farhat V.N. , Farrington Susan M. , Cetnarskyj Roseanne , Barnetson Rebecca A. , Porteous Mary E. , Campbell Harry , Dunlop Malcolm G. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Purpose: To date, genomewide association studies have identified 10 genetic loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. We hypothesized that these loci might also affect cancer survival.
Experimental Design: To determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms tagging these 10 loci influenced all-cause and CRC-specific mortality, we prospectively followed survival outcomes for 2,838 Scottish patients recruited soon after a diagnosis of CRC. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, age, and sex.
Results: None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be statistically significantly associated with all-cause or CRC-specific mortality.
Conclusions: We conclude that none of the 10 common genetic variants thus far shown to be associated with CRC risk are associated with survival from CRC. Clin Cancer Res; 16(14); 3754–9. ©2010 AACR.
Green Tea Polyphenols and Metabolites in Prostatectomy Tissue: Implications for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Wang Piwen , Aronson William J. , Huang Min , Zhang Yanjun , Lee Ru-Po , Heber David , Henning Susanne M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest that green tea consumption may prevent prostate cancer through the action of green tea polyphenols including (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). To study the metabolism and bioactivity of green tea polyphenols in human prostate tissue, men with clinically localized prostate cancer consumed six cups of green tea (n = 8) daily or water (n = 9) for 3 to 6 weeks before undergoing radical prostatectomy. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, 4″-O-methyl EGCG (4″-MeEGCG) and EGCG were identified in comparable amounts, and (−)-epicatechin-3-gallate was identified in lower amounts in prostatectomy tissue from men consuming green tea (38.9 ± 19.5, 42.1 ± 32.4, and 17.8 ± 10.1 pmol/g tissue, respectively). The majority of EGCG and other green tea polyphenols were not conjugated. Green tea polyphenols were not detected in prostate tissue or urine from men consuming water preoperatively. In the urine of men consuming green tea, 50% to 60% of both (−)-epigallocatechin and (−)-epicatechin were present in methylated form with 4′-O-MeEGC being the major methylated form of (−)-epigallocatechin. When incubated with EGCG, LNCaP prostate cancer cells were able to methylate EGCG to 4″-MeEGCG. The capacity of 4″-MeEGCG to inhibit proliferation and NF-κB activation and induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells was decreased significantly compared with EGCG. In summary, methylated and nonmethylated forms of EGCG are detectable in prostate tissue following a short-term green tea intervention, and the methylation status of EGCG may potentially modulate its preventive effect on prostate cancer, possibly based on genetic polymorphisms of catechol O-methyltransferase. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 985–93. ©2010 AACR.