bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of ethylene‐propylene copolymers with high‐temperature gradient adsorption liquid chromatography and CRYSTAF
Authors: Macko Tibor , Brüll Robert , Wang Yongmei , Coto Baudilio , Suarez Inmaculada 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBlends of linear polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different average molar masses and a series of ethylene‐propylene (EP) copolymers with different chemical composition as well as blends of PE, Ipp, and EP copolymers were separated using a carbon‐column packing (Hypercarb®) and gradients of 1‐decanol or 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol → 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene (TCB). The separation is based on full adsorption of linear PE on the carbon sorbent at temperature 160°C. However, iPP is not adsorbed and elutes in size exclusion mode. The random EP copolymers have been adsorbed in the column packing and separated according to their average chemical composition after application of the gradient starting with alcohol and ending with pure TCB. The elution volumes of the copolymers depended linearly on the average concentration of ethylene in the copolymers. The HPLC elution profiles were correlated with the CRYSTAF elution profiles. In contrast to CRYSTAF, fully amorphous polyolefin samples were separated with the high‐temperature adsorption liquid chromatography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Application of the distribution of citations among publications in scientometric evaluations
Authors: Vinkler Péter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe π‐indicator (or πv‐indicator) of a set of journal papers is equal to a hundredth of the total number of citations obtained by the elite set of publications. The number of publications in the elite set P(π) is calculated as the square root of total papers. For greater sets the following equation is used: P(πv) = (10 log P) − 10, where P is the total number of publications. For sets comprising a single or several extreme frequently cited paper, the π‐index may be distorted. Therefore, a new indicator based on the distribution of citations is suggested. Accordingly, the publications are classified into citation categories, of which lower limits are given as 0, and (2n + 1), whereas the upper limits as 2n (n = 0, 2, 3, etc.). The citations distribution score (CDS) index is defined as the sum of weighted numbers of publications in the individual categories. The CDS‐index increases logarithmically with the increasing number of citations. The citation distribution rate indicator is introduced by relating the actual CDS‐index to the possible maximum. Several size‐dependent and size‐independent indicators were calculated. It has been concluded that relevant, already accepted scientometric indicators may validate novel indices through resulting in similar conclusions (“converging validation of indicators”).
Small Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Carriers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhu Jie , Wang Huixiang , Liao Lei , Zhao Lingzhi , Zhou Liang , Yu Meihua , Wang Yunhua , Liu Baohong , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSmall mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs; ca. 37 nm in diameter) have a high loading capacity for a hydrophobic photosensitizer, SiPcCl2 (82.6 % in weight), and excellent endocytosis properties. As a result, the amount of SiPcCl2 being delivered to cancer cells is increased by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to pure SiPcCl2 at the same dosage, and the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency is enhanced by over fourfold. Our method can be widely used to increase the dosage of hydrophobic anti‐cancer drugs in cancer cells and therefore increase the cytotoxicity of the drugs.
The secreted kinase ROP18 defends Toxoplasma's border
Authors: Fentress Sarah J. , Sibley L. David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite capable of infecting virtually all warm‐blooded animals by actively invading nucleated host cells and forming a modified compartment where it replicates within the cytosol. The parasite‐containing vacuole provides a safe haven, even in professional phagocytes such as macrophages, which normally destroy foreign microbes. In an effort to eliminate the parasite, the host up‐regulates a family of immunity‐related p47 GTPases (IRGs), which are recruited to the parasite‐containing vacuole, resulting in membrane rupture and digestion of the parasite. To avoid this fate, highly virulent strains of Toxoplasma coat the external surface of their vacuole with a secretory serine/threonine kinase, known as ROP18. At this host‐pathogen interface, ROP18 phosphorylates and inactivates IRGs, thereby protecting the parasite from killing. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which the parasite disarms host innate immunity
Photoluminescence in rare earth‐doped complex hexafluoride phosphors
Authors: Puppalwar S. P. , Dhoble S. J. , Kumar Animesh 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study, using a simple combustion process and a wet chemical process, fluorides showing intense photoluminescence were prepared and developed as low‐cost phosphors. The prepared phosphors were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) techniques. PL emission spectra of the phosphor suggest the presence of Eu3+ as well as Eu2+ ions in LiMgBF6:Eu and Li2NaBF6:Eu lattice sites. This article summarizes the fundamentals and possible applications of optically useful inorganic fluoride with visible photoluminescence of doped Eu3+ and Eu2+ ions. Our results on LiMgBF6:Ce and Li2NaBF6:Ce are also reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of metacavir and its metabolites in rat plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC‐MS/MS)
Authors: Zhang Yue , Huang Xin , Jiang Zhenzhou , Huang Xiao , Hu Yue , Zhu Dan , Zhang Shuang , Wang Jiaying , Zhang Luyong 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTA sensitive and selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of metacavir and its two metabolites in rat plasma was developed and validated. Tinidazole was used as an internal standard and plasma samples were pretreated with one‐step liquid–liquid extraction. In addition, these analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse‐phase C18 column and analyzed by MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The monitored precursor to product‐ion transitions for metacavir, 2′,3′‐dideoxyguanosine, O‐methylguanine and the internal standard were m/z 266.0 → 166.0, m/z 252.0 → 152.0, m/z 166.0 → 149.0 and m/z 248.0 → 202.0, respectively. The standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 1–1000 ng/mL for metacavir, 5–5000 ng/mL for 2′,3′‐dideoxyguanosine and 1–1000 ng/mL for O‐methylguanine in rat plasma. The precision and accuracy for both within‐ and between‐batch determination of all analytes ranged from 2.83 to 9.19% and from 95.86 to 111.27%, respectively. No significant matrix effect was observed. This developed method was successfully applied to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study after a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg metacavir in rats. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arterial anatomy of the gracilis muscle as determined by latex injection and glycerin transparency
Authors: An Xiaochun , Yue Bin , Lee Je‐Hun , Lin Chenghe , Han Seung‐Ho 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe gracilis muscle is widely used in reconstructive surgery, either as a pedicled flap or as a free microsurgical flap. The aim of this study was to demonstrate in detail the arterial anatomy of the gracilis muscle, particularly its intramuscular artery distribution, by using a method involving red latex injection and glycerin transparency, which makes muscle tissues quite transparent and allows direct visualization of the arterial anatomy. Twenty‐four specimens of gracilis muscle were harvested after injecting 12 cadavers with red latex. The different patterns of blood supply of the gracilis muscle were counted. A complete arterial system formed by anastomoses of intramuscular arterial branches was observed in each specimen. The existence of several arterial branches at the proximal origin of each muscle was observed. The results of this study provide reconstructive surgeons with useful information regarding gracilis muscle flap design. Clin. Anat. 25:231–234, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural Basis of Bcl‐xL Recognition by a BH3‐Mimetic α/β‐Peptide Generated by Sequence‐Based Design
Authors: Lee Erinna F. , Smith Brian J. , Horne W. Seth , Mayer Kelsey N. , Evangelista Marco , Colman Peter M. , Gellman Samuel H. , Fairlie W. Douglas 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe crystal structure of a complex between the prosurvival protein Bcl‐xL and an α/β‐peptide 21‐mer is described. The α/β‐peptide contains six β‐amino acid residues distributed periodically throughout the sequence and adopts an α‐helix‐like conformation that mimics the bioactive shape of the Puma BH3 domain. The α/β‐peptide forms all of the noncovalent contacts that have previously been identified as necessary for recognition of the prosurvival protein by an authentic BH3 domain. Comparison of our α/β‐peptide:Bcl‐xL structure with structures of complexes between native BH3 domains and Bcl‐2 family proteins reveals how subtle adjustments, including variations in helix radius and helix bowing, allow the α/β‐peptide to engage Bcl‐xL with high affinity. Geometric comparisons of the BH3‐mimetic α/β‐peptide with α/β‐peptides in helix‐bundle assemblies provide insight on the conformational plasticity of backbones that contain combinations of α‐ and β‐amino acid residues. The BH3‐mimetic α/β‐peptide displays prosurvival protein‐binding preferences distinct from those of Puma BH3 itself, even though these two oligomers have identical side‐chain sequences. Our results suggest origins for this backbone‐dependent change in selectivity.
Numerical Simulation of Dispersed Gas/Liquid Flows in Bubble Columns at High Phase Fractions using OpenFOAM®. Part II – Numerical Simulations and Results
Authors: Marschall H. , Mornhinweg R. , Kossmann A. , Oberhauser S. , Langbein K. , Hinrichsen O. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe design of industrial gas/liquid reactors such as bubble columns requires detailed information with respect to the flow structure and characteristics of two‐ or multiphase systems in the reactor. The contribution is focused on the evaluation of the simulation results obtained by model selection. The results are further compared with those reported in literature. The simulation has been performed with the CFD software OpenFOAM®. The main focus of the numerical simulation was set on capturing the characteristic process and design parameters of bubble columns.
Design of Cross‐Linked Semicrystalline Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐Based Networks with One‐Way and Two‐Way Shape‐Memory Properties through Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Raquez Jean‐Marie , Vanderstappen Sophie , Meyer Franck , Verge Pierre , Alexandre Michael , Thomassin Jean‐Michel , Jérôme Christine , Dubois Philippe 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCross‐linked poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐based polyesterurethane (PUR) systems have been synthesized through Diels–Alder reactions by reactive extrusion. The Diels–Alder and retro‐Diels–Alder reactions proved to be useful for enhancing the molecular motion of PCL‐based systems, and therefore their crystallization ability, in the design of cross‐linked semicrystalline polymers with one‐way and two‐way shape‐memory properties. Successive reactions between α,ω‐diol PCL (PCL2), furfuryl alcohol, and methylene diphenyl 4,4′‐diisocyanate straightforwardly afforded the α,ω‐furfuryl PCL‐based PUR systems, and subsequent Diels–Alder reactions withN,N‐phenylenedimaleimide afforded the thermoreversible cycloadducts. The cross‐linking density could be modulated by partially replacing PCL‐diol with PCL‐tetraol. Interestingly, the resulting PUR systems proved to be semicrystalline cross‐linked polymers, the melting temperature of which (close to 45 °C) represented the switching temperature for their shape‐memory properties. Qualitative and quantitative measurements demonstrated that these PUR systems exhibited one‐way and two‐way shape‐memory properties depending on their cross‐linking density.
Patients, family caregivers, and patient navigators
Authors: Palos Guadalupe R. , Hare Martha 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Navigation services may be strengthened by establishing a partnership between the patient, family/caregiver, and the navigator. Involvement of a patient's familial or social network in the navigation process would allow patient navigators to spend more time and resources with the subset of patients who do not have support from family and friends. The Partnership Approach evolves from combining the strength of a patient's existing social support and network with the delivery of navigation services.METHODS:To develop this novel approach, the Family and Caregiver Workgroup was convened at the American Cancer Society's National Leadership Summit. Individuals were asked to serve in this group due to their interest, research, or experience in family and caregiver issues.RESULTS:By the end of the Summit, the workgroup had achieved 3 major outcomes: 1) enhancement of current patient navigation services by building a partnership between the patient, family or primary caregivers, and navigators; 2) identification of a set of core functions that a family/caregiver could perform in a partnership; and 3) consensus on a set of metrics to use with caregivers and patients. Five major domains were selected to measure patient and/or caregiver outcomes: quality of life, satisfaction with care, social support, distress, and caregiver burden. Metrics appropriate for each domain were recommended.CONCLUSIONS:Integration of these domains and scales in current navigation services is needed to develop future research. Evidence from such research would help determine whether the Partnership Approach contributes to improved patient and caregiver outcomes. Cancer 2011;117(15 suppl):3590–3600. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Concerns related to eating, weight, and shape: Typologies and transitions in men during the college years
Authors: Cain Angela S. , Epler Amee J. , Steinley Douglas , Sher Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective:How to best classify concerns related to eating, weight, and shape (CREWS) in men remains an open question. Research on men considering CREWS during different developmental periods could be particularly informative.Method:Focusing on one potentially dynamic developmental period, this study charts the course of CREWS in men over the college years. Latent class/latent transition analysis identified typologies of weight‐ and shape‐influenced self judgment, limiting attempts, fasting, overeating, binge eating, self‐induced vomiting, and laxative or diuretic abuse for 1,025 men over the four traditional college years.Results:Three classes emerged: (1) no obvious pathological eating‐related concerns (61–65%); (2) a high likelihood of limiting attempts and a moderately high likelihood of overeating (31–34%); (3) pervasive bulimic‐like concerns (4–6%). Class membership was highly stable across assessment occasions.Discussion:The results contribute to the growing literature on empirically derived classifications of CREWS and indicate that for many men CREWS are a chronic presence during the college years. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:768–775)
Modelling ecological flow regime: an example from the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins
Authors: Knight Rodney R. , Gain W. Scott , Wolfe William J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTPredictive equations were developed for 19 ecologically relevant streamflow characteristics within five major groups of flow variables (magnitude, ratio, frequency, variability, and date) for use in the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins using stepbackward regression. Basin characteristics explain 50% or more of the variation for 12 of the 19 equations. Independent variables identified through stepbackward regression were statistically significant in 78 of 304 cases (α > 0.0001) and represent four major groups: climate, physical landscape features, regional indicators, and land use. Of these groups, the regional and climate variables were the most influential for determining hydrologic response. Daily temperature range, geologic factor, and rock depth were major factors explaining the variability in 17, 15, and 13 equations, respectively. The equations and independent datasets were used to explore the broad relation between basin properties and streamflow and the implication of streamflow to the study of ecological flow requirements. Key results include a high degree of hydrologic variability among least disturbed Blue Ridge streams, similar hydrologic behaviour for watersheds with widely varying degrees of forest cover, and distinct hydrologic profiles for streams in different geographic regions. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The central role of CD30L/CD30 interactions in allergic rhinitis pathogenesis in mice
Authors: Fuchiwaki Takafumi , Sun Xun , Fujimura Kenjiro , Yamada Hisakata , Shibata Kensuke , Muta Hiromi , Podack Eckhard R. , Kawauchi Hideyuki , Yoshikai Yasunobu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCD30 ligand (CD30L) plays an important role in the amplification and/or activation of effector CD4+ T cells, irrespective of Th cell subset. To examine the role of CD30L in allergic rhinitis, we evaluated an OVA model of allergic rhinitis in CD30L knock out (KO) mice on a BALB/c background sensitized with OVA. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis such as eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa were drastically diminished in OVA‐sensitized CD30L KO mice following intranasal challenge with OVA. The levels of OVA‐specific IgE in the sera and the Th2 response in nasopharynx‐associated lymphoid tissues and cervical LNs of CD30L KO mice were significantly lower than those of WT mice following intranasal challenge with OVA. Intranasal administration of CD30‐Ig during the effector phase with OVA significantly prevented the development of allergic rhinitis in WT mice. These results suggest that CD30L plays an important role in allergic rhinitis and that the inhibition of CD30L/CD30 signaling might be useful as a novel biological therapy for allergic rhinitis.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the Unnatural Enantiomers of the Fungal Sesquiterpenoids Acorenone and Trichoacorenol
Authors: Brock Nelson L. , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe volatiles released by several strains of Trichoderma fungi were collected using a closed‐loop stripping apparatus and analysed by GC–MS. Most of the investigated strains released the two structurally related spirocyclic sesquiterpenoids trichoacorenol, previously identified in Trichoderma koningii (Huang et al., 1995), and acorenone. A new enantioselective synthesis of the enantiomer of the natural spirocyclic sesquiterpene acorenone and the first enantioselective synthesis of the related compound ent‐trichoacorenol have been completed by a chiral‐pool approach starting from (+)‐(R)‐pulegone using ring‐closing metathesis as the key step. The absolute configuration of natural trichoacorenol from Trichoderma harzianum sp. 714 has been assigned by chiral GC–MS analysis and is the same as that in T. koningii.
Electrochemical Impedance Analysis of V2O5 and PEDOT Composite Film Cathodes
Authors: Song H.‐M. , Yoo D.‐Y. , Hong S.‐K. , Kim J.‐S. , Cho W. I. , Mho S.‐I. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractComposite films of nanobeam V2O5 and poly‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) were grown using an electrochemical polymerization method. PEDOT in the composite film connects the isolated V2O5 nanobeams and gives rise to a conductive network, improved Li‐ion accessibility and transport pathways in the electrode. The nanobeam‐V2O5/PEDOT composite film cathodes have high capacities, excellent rate capabilities and cycling stabilities at various C rates: their specific capacities were 262 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 239 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 186 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and 141 mAh g−1 at 100 C. After testing the battery for more than 150 battery cycles at a rate of 10 C, the degradation rate was found to be approximately 9 %. The diffusion coefficient of the nanobeam‐V2O5 crystalline electrode was calculated to be approximately 4.6×10−8; and those of α‐, ε‐, and δ‐LixV2O5 crystalline phases, were estimated to be in the range of (2.1–9.8)×10−10. Under the conditions of PEDOT coating and networking in the composite film, the diffusion coefficients of each phase of LixV2O5 that reversibly formed during the discharging and charging processes were able to be estimated.
Preparation of PEG Tethered Ferrocene Modified Polyacrylic Acid/Silica Composite as an Electroactive Polymeric Platform for Biosensors
Authors: Jirimali Harishchandra Digambar , Nagarale Rajaram Krishna , Lee Jong Myung , Saravanakumar Durai , Shin Woonsup 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA silica composite of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) functionalized by ferrocene via polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker (PAA‐PEG‐Fc/silica) was synthesized and electrochemical properties were characterized. The drop‐coated PAA‐PEG‐Fc/silca composite on screen printed electrode shows a facile reversible redox behavior at E°=0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl at pH 7 in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The apparent diffusion coefficient in the film was measured to be 2.2×10−7 cm2/s. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were successfully immobilized in the composite film and showed a linear response up to 0.5 mM for hydrogen peroxide and 10 mM for glucose.
Electroanalytical Performance of (SiPy+Cl−/CuTsPc)5 LbL Film for Detecting Promethazine Hydrochloride
Authors: de Jesus Cliciane Guadalupe , Sampaio Forte Cristiane Maria , Wohnrath Karen , Andrade Pessôa Christiana , de Sá Soares Janete Elisa , Fujiwara Sérgio Toshio , de Lima‐Neto Pedro , Nunes Correia Adriana 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA (SiPy+Cl−/CuTsPc)5 layer‐by‐layer film was employed for the electroanalytical determination of promethazine hydrochloride in BR buffer pH 5.0 with peaks at 0.48 and 0.79 V. After optimisation of the square‐wave parameters (f=100 s−1, a=40 mV and ΔEs=2 mV), the peak at 0.79 V was used for quantification and a detection limit of 8.71×10−9 mol L−1 and a quantification limit of 9.31×10−8 were calculated. The applicability of this procedure was tested on commercial formulations of promethazine hydrochloride by observing the stability, specificity, recovery and precision of the procedure in complex samples, without any preliminary treatment.
Proteomic analysis of the interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) response in hepatitis B virus‐positive human hepatocelluar carcinoma cell line HepG2.2.15
Authors: Yao Yuqin , Li Jiong , Lu Zejun , Tong Aiping , Wang Wei , Su Xiaolan , Zhou Yan , Mu Bo , Zhou Shijie , Li Xiaoan , Chen Lijuan , Gou Lantu , Song Hongbing , Yang Jinliang , Wei Yuquan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. In recent decades, significant progress toward understanding the molecular virology and pathogenesis of HBV infection has been made. In addition, multiple treatment modalities have been developed for persons with HBV infection. In the present study, we demonstrated that IL‐4 inhibits the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen in a HBV stably transfected hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2.2.15). To reveal the anti‐HBV mechanism of IL‐4 by proteomics, 2‐DE and MS technology were utilized to profile global changes in protein expression in HepG2.2.15 cells after IL‐4 treatment. A total of 56 differentially expressed proteins were identified in IL‐4‐treated HepG2.2.15 cells. To find out the interaction of these changed proteins by bioinformatics, signaling network analysis with the STRING tool showed that the identified proteins are primarily involved in transcription and proteolysis. Taken together, these results offer valuable clues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the IL‐4‐mediated anti‐HBV response.