bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted versus traditional surgery in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Jiaxiao , Shen Jiaxin , Zhang Chaochao , Guo Wei , Wang Fangfang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntramedullary nail fixation of intertrochanteric fractures assisted by orthopedic surgical robot navigation is a new surgical method, but there are few studies comparing its efficacy with traditional intramedullary nail fixation. We aimed to assess whether robot-assisted internal fixation confers certain surgical advantages through a literature review. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan fang Data Knowledge service Platform were searched to collect randomized and non-randomized studies on patients with calcaneal fractures. Five studies were identified to compare the clinical indexes. For the clinical indexes, the technology of robot-assisted is generally feasible, in time to operation, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, blood loss, pine insertion, tip apex distance (TAD), and Harris score (P < 0.05). However, on the complication and excellent and good rate after operation did not show good efficacy compared with the traditional group (P > 0.05). Based on the current evidence, For the short-term clinical index, the advantages of robot-assisted are clear. The long-term clinical effects of the two methods are also good, but the robot-assisted shows better. However, the quality of some studies is low, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed for further verification.
On some results related to the Karlsson–Nussbaum conjecture in geodesic spaces
Authors: Huczek Aleksandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show a Wolff–Denjoy type theorem in the case of a one-parameter continuous semigroup of nonexpansive mappings in which there is a compact mapping. Using the notion of attractor, we are also able to prove some specific properties directly related to the Karlsson–Nussbaum conjecture.
Beyond Vertigo: Vestibular, Aural, and Perceptual Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Ceriani Claire E. J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To review the vestibular, aural, and perceptual symptoms of vestibular migraine (VM) that may present alongside vertigo.

Recent Findings
Increased research attention to the wide spectrum of symptoms presenting in VM patients has improved understanding of this disorder, with recent identification of five different VM phenotypes. Research into the clinical overlap between VM and other chronic vestibular syndromes such as persistent postural-perceptual dizziness and mal-de-debarquement syndrome reveals a range of vestibular symptoms and hints at pathophysiological connections between migraine and vestibular dysfunction. Studies of migraine treatment for hearing loss suggest patients presenting with aural symptoms may have an underlying diagnosis of migraine and deserve a trial of migraine preventives. Research into the neurologic basis of the perceptual disorder Alice in Wonderland syndrome has revealed brain areas that are likely involved and may help explain its prevalence in VM patients.

Summary
VM is a sensory processing disorder that presents with more than just vertigo. Understanding the range of potential symptoms improves diagnosis and treatment for migraine patients whose diagnosis may be missed when only the symptoms identified in the diagnostic criteria are considered.
Protective Effects of Polysaccharides on Antifungal Activity of Bread Waste-derived Bioactive Peptides During Freeze Drying
Authors: Santangelo Daniele , Halahlah Abedalghani , Adesanya Idowu Onyinye , Mikkonen Kirsi S. , Coda Rossana , Ho Thao Minh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBioactive peptides (BPs) derived from agri-food side-streams display great potential as functional ingredients and nutraceuticals. However, BPs can be susceptible to environmental stressors and food processing conditions and typically exist as an aqueous mixture of various peptides, making their storage and use in foods very challenging. Microencapsulation offers a solution, utilizing suitable wall materials to create a protective matrix and transform them into powders for improved stability and application versatility. Here, we investigated the possibility of creating freeze-dried microencapsulated BP powders from bread waste using maltodextrin as the wall material to maintain their antifungal properties against Penicillum albocoremium, Eurotium herbariorum and Penicillium roqueforti fungi. The results were compared to those obtained from galactoglucomannans (GGM) and glucuronoxylans (GX) sourced from forest industry side-streams, aiming to explore their potential suitability as innovative materials for microencapsulating BPs. Maltodextrin microcapsules exhibited the highest inhibition rate on the tested fungi (10 − 44%), followed by GX (26 − 39%) and then GGM (9 − 14%) counterparts. Interactions between wall materials and BPs, as illustrated by FTIR analyses, were found to be the cause of variations in antifungal activities among BP microcapsules. The use of wall materials, especially wood hemicelluloses, facilitated freeze drying of BPs. However, their application in food products is restricted by the decline in the BP bioactivity resulting from the freeze drying process. For this reason, additional research on alternative drying methods is needed. The results of this study are expected to open new ways of production of stable functional ingredients from side-streams of the forest and food industries.
HIV/AIDS, Disability, and Viral Masculinities
Authors: Bollas Angelos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between HIV/AIDS, disability, and masculinity, critically analysing how these elements intersect and influence societal norms and individual identities. It begins by examining the categorisation of HIV/AIDS as a disability, questioning the adequacy of traditional disability frameworks in capturing the complex realities of living with HIV/AIDS. The discussion extends to the implications of such categorisation, considering both the medical and social models of disability, and how these models interact with legal protections and social stigmas. The article also discusses how HIV/AIDS as disability impacts conceptions of masculinity, with a specific focus on how practices like bugchasing subvert traditional notions of health, risk, and masculinity, examining cultural constructions of masculinity in relation to HIV/AIDS and highlighting how societal expectations and popular culture representations often perpetuate certain masculine ideals while marginalising others. By examining these intersections, the article challenges established health paradigms and societal norms around disability, HIV/AIDS, and masculinity. Ultimately, it aims to broaden the dialogue around health, disability, and gender, advocating for policies that reflect the nuanced realities of people living with HIV/AIDS and encouraging a reassessment of entrenched perceptions.
Mathematical Model-Based Optimization of Continuous Flow Photobioreactor Operating at Steady State Using MATLAB Optimization Function
Authors: Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicroalgae have received great attention recently due to its potential for sustainable CO2 emission reduction and production of biofuel. These applications are highly dependent on microalgae biomass productivity of photobioreactor (PBR). The objective of this work is to optimize continuous flow PBR at steady state using a mathematical model describes growth of the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris. The operating conditions that affect the performance of PBR are determined as pH, CO2 percentage in the gas feed, light intensity, and dilution rate. The MATLAB optimization function (fmincon) is used to find the best design and operating variables in the tested region. The maximum biomass productivity is achieved at the upper-bound of the range for pH, CO2 percentage in the gas feed, and light intensity, while for dilution rate, there exists an optimum value that guarantees maximum productivity. The maximum biomass productivity and specific growth rate were estimated as 4.03 and 0.196 billion cells/L h, respectively. This is achieved at optimum dilution rates of 0.049 and 1.0 h−1, respectively. The fmincon optimization results agree well with the literature that used different optimization methods. The model-based optimization predicts the best performance of PBR without conducting experiments. Sensitivity analysis of model constants on biomass concentration showed that mass transfer coefficient KLa has the highest sensitivity followed by µmax, KCL, and KE which has the lowest sensitivity for biomass production. The obtained results are of technological significance for processes such as CO2-fixation and biofuel production. Research effort is needed to exploit optimization results in large-scale cultivation.
The history of science through the prism of race
Authors: Burton Elise K. , Ghoshal Sayori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne methodological approach to grasping a ‘big-picture’ history of modern science involves tracing the complex entanglements between scientific knowledge and the development of racism and racialized economic systems. Indeed, no historical account of any scientific field can be complete without acknowledging the role of race as an intellectual, social or economic factor. We substantiate this argument through a synthetic review of three overlapping threads in the historiography of science. First, historical research on ‘race science’ has analysed the formation of disciplines directly involved in constructing scientific concepts of race, including medicine, anthropology, linguistics, phrenology, psychology, archaeology and genetics. Second, historians have demonstrated that connections between race and science are not limited to the domain of race science. Rather, European imperial expansion, colonialism and capitalism created the foundational infrastructures undergirding the emergence of modern professional science. Finally, new research shows how race remains covertly embedded in theoretical frameworks, statistical formulae and technological devices still used by scientists today. Through these examples, we perceive a big-picture history of science in which its co-constitution with race links localized case studies and imperial narratives across space and time.
Health equity engineering: Optimizing hope for a new generation of healthcare
Authors: Enders Felicity T. , Golembiewski Elizabeth H. , Balls-Berry Joyce E. , Brooks Tayla R. , Carr Allison R. , Cullen John P. , DiazGranados Deborah , Gaba Ayorkor , Johnson Leigh , Menser Terri , Messinger Shari , Milam Adam J. , Orellana Minerva A. , Perkins Susan M. , Pineda Tiffany D. Chisholm , Thurston Sally W. , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Hanlon Alexandra L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Medical researchers are increasingly prioritizing the inclusion of underserved communities in clinical studies. However, mere inclusion is not enough. People from underserved communities frequently experience chronic stress that may lead to accelerated biological aging and early morbidity and mortality. It is our hope and intent that the medical community come together to engineer improved health outcomes for vulnerable populations. Here, we introduce Health Equity Engineering (HEE), a comprehensive scientific framework to guide research on the development of tools to identify individuals at risk of poor health outcomes due to chronic stress, the integration of these tools within existing healthcare system infrastructures, and a robust assessment of their effectiveness and sustainability. HEE is anchored in the premise that strategic intervention at the individual level, tailored to the needs of the most at-risk people, can pave the way for achieving equitable health standards at a broader population level. HEE provides a scientific framework guiding health equity research to equip the medical community with a robust set of tools to enhance health equity for current and future generations.
High-efficiency, high-resolution multiple monochromatic imaging based on a multilayer mirror array for laser–plasma diagnostics of X-ray continuum emission
Authors: Li Tongzhou , Du Huiyao , Zhang Zhong , Zhang Zhe , Huang Qiushi , Yi Shengzhen , Wang Zhanshan , Wang Wei , Sun Jinren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The measurement of X-ray continuous emission from laser-driven plasma was achieved through multiple monochromatic imaging utilizing a multilayer mirror array. This methodology was exemplified by the development of an eight-channel X-ray imaging system, capable of operating in the energy range of several keV with a spatial resolution of approximately 3 μm. By integrating this system with a streak camera, the temperature and trajectory of imploding capsules were successfully measured at the kJ-class Shenguang III prototype laser facility. This approach provides a synchronous diagnostic method for the spatial, temporal and spectral analysis of laser-driven plasma, characterized by its high efficiency and resolution.
Implementing nasal povidone-iodine decolonization to reduce infections in hemodialysis units: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Dukes Kimberly C. , Hockett Sherlock Stacey , Racila AM , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Jacob Jesse , Vijayan Anitha , Kellogg Joseph , Pegues David , Tolomeo Pam C. , Cobb Jason , Fraer Mony , Bleasdale Susan C. , Ward Melissa A. , Lindsey Brenna , Schweizer Marin L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:A substantial proportion of patients undergoing hemodialysis carry Staphylococcus aureus in their noses, and carriers are at increased risk of S. aureus bloodstream infections. Our pragmatic clinical trial implemented nasal povidone-iodine (PVI) decolonization for the prevention of bloodstream infections in the novel setting of hemodialysis units.Objective:We aimed to identify pragmatic strategies for implementing PVI decolonization among patients in outpatient hemodialysis units.Design:Qualitative descriptive study.Setting:Outpatient hemodialysis units affiliated with five US academic medical centers. Units varied in size, patient demographics, and geographic location.Interviewees:Sixty-six interviewees including nurses, hemodialysis technicians, research coordinators, and other personnel.Methods:We conducted interviews with personnel affiliated with all five academic medical centers and conducted thematic analysis of transcripts.Results:Hemodialysis units had varied success with patient recruitment, but interviewees reported that patients and healthcare personnel (HCP) found PVI decolonization acceptable and feasible. Leadership support, HCP engagement, and tailored patient-focused tools or strategies facilitated patient engagement and PVI implementation. Interviewees reported both patients and HCP sometimes underestimated patients’ infection risks and experienced infection-prevention fatigue. Other HCP barriers included limited staffing and poor staff engagement. Patient barriers included high health burdens, language barriers, memory issues, and lack of social support.Conclusion:Our qualitative study suggests that PVI decolonization would be acceptable to patients and clinical personnel, and implementation is feasible for outpatient hemodialysis units. Hemodialysis units could facilitate implementation by engaging unit leaders, patients and personnel, and developing education for patients about their infection risk.
Quiet environments and the intentional practice of silence: Toward a new perspective in the analysis of silence in organizations
Authors: Asselineau Alexandre , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile nonspeech communication and “metaphorical” silence (in opposition to voice) have benefited from a considerable academic attention, less is known about quiet environments and the intentional practice of silence. We theorize these silences as potential catalysts of internal and collective reflection. Such silences can strongly impact individual and organizational processes and outcomes, notably in the workplace. The meaning, valence, and effects of these silences are highly context- and perspective-dependent. By characterizing and studying these silences and their effects, we show how they are functional or dysfunctional to individuals or organizations. These silences can notably serve as emotion regulators and generate an environment favorable to individual and collective decision making. Examining what is lost by individuals and organizations due to a lack of these silence and what can be gained with a better harnessing of their power is promising.
Noise sensitivity of the minimum spanning tree of the complete graph
Authors: Israeli Omer , Peled Yuval 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study the noise sensitivity of the minimum spanning tree (MST) of the
$n$
-vertex complete graph when edges are assigned independent random weights. It is known that when the graph distance is rescaled by
$n^{1/3}$
and vertices are given a uniform measure, the MST converges in distribution in the Gromov–Hausdorff–Prokhorov (GHP) topology. We prove that if the weight of each edge is resampled independently with probability
$\varepsilon \gg n^{-1/3}$
, then the pair of rescaled minimum spanning trees – before and after the noise – converges in distribution to independent random spaces. Conversely, if
$\varepsilon \ll n^{-1/3}$
, the GHP distance between the rescaled trees goes to
$0$
in probability. This implies the noise sensitivity and stability for every property of the MST that corresponds to a continuity set of the random limit. The noise threshold of
$n^{-1/3}$
coincides with the critical window of the Erdős-Rényi random graphs. In fact, these results follow from an analog theorem we prove regarding the minimum spanning forest of critical random graphs.
Cognitive behavioural therapy including habit reversal training for treating dermatillomania in the context of anxiety and low mood
Authors: Batchelor Rachel , Penn Cathryn , Anderson Ciorsdan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dermatillomania is characterised by repetitive skin picking, resulting in tissue damage and significant distress and/or functional impairment. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the recommended psychological intervention for dermatillomania in clinical guidelines, with the evidence base also supporting habit reversal training (HRT) as part of CBT. However, research evaluating CBT and HRT for dermatillomania remains scarce. This case study describes a young woman with dermatillomania, in the context of co-morbid anxiety and low mood, treated with 20 sessions of CBT including HRT in a community setting. Guided by her formulation, additional techniques such as those fostering self-compassion were also integrated, and sociocultural factors were adapted for. Improvements were reported in client-centred goals and outcomes of global psychological distress, functioning, anxiety and symptoms and psychosocial impacts of skin picking. The intervention was well received by the client. Limitations as well as clinical practice implications and research recommendations for dermatillomania are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand using CBT, including HRT, to treat a case of dermatillomania in the context of anxiety and depression.

(2)
To use a formulation-driven approach to guide the intervention.

(3)
To consider adapting interventions for sociocultural factors.
Early season weed management options in water-seeded rice production
Authors: Webster L. Connor , Rustom Samer Y. , Webster Eric P. , Stoker Ben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two separate field studies were conducted at two locations near Crowley, Louisiana, to evaluate early season applications of florpyrauxifen and a prepackaged mixture of halosulfuron plus prosulfuron in water-seeded rice production. In each study, florpyrauxifen and halosulfuron plus prosulfuron were applied at two rates and either applied to the soil surface 48 h before the seeding flooding and seeding, directly onto the pregerminated seed 24 h following seeding and immediately after removal of the seeding flood (SEED), and at pegging. Data suggest that both florpyrauxifen and halosulfuron plus prosulfuron have a role to play in water-seeded rice production. Crop injury of 19% was observed from applications of florpyrauxifen applied directly to pregerminated SEED. Additionally, 28% crop injury was observed when halosulfuron plus prosulfuron was applied directly to SEED. Due to crop injury observations, both herbicides should be avoided when the pregerminated seed is exposed to the soil surface after removing the seeding flood. These data suggest that florpyrauxifen may be a better option for postemergence application, whereas halosulfuron plus prosulfuron may be a better preemergence option in water-seeded rice production. Overall, the findings show that both herbicide technologies will provide adequate early-season weed control in water-seeded rice production.
Plant growth regulators differentially suppress goosegrass and smooth crabgrass in creeping bentgrass turf
Authors: Peppers John M. , McElroy J. Scott , Askew Shawn D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Goosegrass and smooth crabgrass in creeping bentgrass turf are difficult to control due to a lack of selective herbicides. Based on preliminary field observations, we hypothesized that paclobutrazol and flurprimidol would reduce the overall competitiveness of goosegrass and smooth crabgrass in creeping bentgrass. Greenhouse and field studies were designed to evaluate the effect of several plant growth regulators (PGRs) on goosegrass and smooth crabgrass competitive indices. In greenhouse studies, flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, trinexapac-ethyl, and prohexadione-calcium were applied either preemergence only or preemergence plus two biweekly postemergence applications to goosegrass and smooth crabgrass plants to simulate the first 1.5 mo of typical PGR programs used on golf courses. Two weeks after the final postemergence treatment, aboveground biomass and root biomass were recorded. Programmatic flurprimidol and paclobutrazol applications reduced smooth crabgrass aboveground biomass by 67% and 69%, respectively, and more than trinexapac ethyl or prohexadione-calcium. When averaged across application programs, flurprimidol and paclobutrazol reduced smooth crabgrass root biomass by 74% and goosegrass biomass by 73% to 80%. Field studies were established to further evaluate the influence of PGRs on smooth crabgrass coverage in creeping bentgrass turf. Treatments consisting of flurprimidol, trinexapac-ethyl, flurprimidol plus trinexapac-ethyl, paclobutrazol, and fenoxaprop-p were applied every 3 wk from April to August. Weed coverage data were collected throughout the growing season, and final smooth crabgrass control data were collected at the end of the season. In general, flurprimidol-containing treatments more effectively reduced smooth crabgrass coverage throughout the growing season than trinexapac ethyl. After the studies, regimens that contained flurprimidol controlled smooth crabgrass by 68% to 73%, greater than any other PGR program evaluated. Results from these studies indicate that flurprimidol may be used to effectively control smooth crabgrass or goosegrass in creeping bentgrass turf. These are the first reported data regarding the use of flurprimidol for smooth crabgrass or goosegrass control in turf.