bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the WRKY gene family in Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense
Authors: Guo Xiangmeng , Yan Xinyu , Li Yonghui 
Published: May 2024

Background
This work explored the characteristics of the WRKY transcription factor family in Rhododendron henanense subsp. lingbaoense (Rhl) and the expression patterns of these genes under abiotic stress by conducting bioinformatics and expression analyses.

Methods
RhlWRKY genes were identified from a gene library of Rhl. Various aspects of these genes were analyzed, including genetic structures, conserved sequences, physicochemical properties, cis-acting elements, and chromosomal location. RNA-seq was employed to analyze gene expression in five different tissues of Rhl: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and hypocotyls. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of five RhlWRKY genes under abiotic stress.

Result
A total of 65 RhlWRKY genes were identified and categorized into three subfamilies based on their structural characteristics: Groups I, II, and III. Group II was further divided into five subtribes, with shared similar genetic structures and conserved motifs among members of the same subtribe. The physicochemical properties of these proteins varied, but the proteins are generally predicted to be hydrophilic. Most proteins are predicted to be in the cell nucleus, and distributed across 12 chromosomes. A total of 84 cis-acting elements were discovered, with many related to responses to biotic stress. Among the identified RhlWRKY genes, there were eight tandem duplicates and 97 segmental duplicates. The majority of duplicate gene pairs exhibited Ka/Ks values <1, indicating purification under environmental pressure. GO annotation analysis indicated that WRKY genes regulate biological processes and participate in a variety of molecular functions. Transcriptome data revealed varying expression levels of 66.15% of WRKY family genes in all five tissue types (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and hypocotyls). Five RhlWRKY genes were selected for further characterization and there were changes in expression levels for these genes in response to various stresses.

Conclusion
The analysis identified 65 RhlWRKY genes, among which the expression of WRKY_42 and WRKY_17 were mainly modulated by the drought and MeJA, and WRKY_19 was regulated by the low-temperature and high-salinity conditions. This insight into the potential functions of certain genes contributes to understanding the growth regulatory capabilities of Rhl.
Suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis: Prevalence and subgroups at highest risk. Data from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Tektonidou Maria G. , Dasgupta Abhijit , Ward Michael M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence, correlates, and subgroups at highest risk for suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis.MethodsWe used data on US adults with arthritis, ages ≥40 years, participating in the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Suicidal ideation was assessed by item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9). Sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and comorbid conditions were examined as potential correlates. Depression was measured by the PHQ‐8 score (range 1–24). We used random forests to identify subgroups at highest risk for suicidal ideation. To determine if any correlates were unique to arthritis, we compared results to those for persons with diabetes mellitus and cancer.ResultsThe prevalence ± SEM of suicidal ideation was 5.6% ± 0.8% among persons with arthritis and 2.4% ± 0.4% among those without. The most important correlates for suicidal ideation in adults with arthritis were depression, anxiety, duration of arthritis, age, income:poverty ratio, number of close friends, pain, alcohol, excessive daytime sleepiness, and comorbidities. Eleven of the 16 most important contributors for suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis were also important for people with diabetes mellitus and cancer. Among persons with arthritis, subgroups at highest risk for suicidal ideation were those with a PHQ‐8 score between 18 and 24 and less than 4.5 years of arthritis (96.5%), and those with a PHQ‐8 score between 7 and 17, ≥1.24 days of binges/month, and either an income of ≥$45,000/year (85.4%) or an income of <$45,000/year and >3 comorbidities (70.8%).ConclusionDepression, short duration of arthritis, binge drinking, income, and >3 comorbidities identified subgroups of adults with arthritis at greatest risk for suicidal ideation.
Predicting response to a cognitive–behavioral approach to treating low back pain: Secondary analysis of the BeST data set
Authors: Underwood Martin , Mistry Dipesh , Lall Ranjit , Lamb Sallie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying factors that predict who is likely to gain the greatest benefit from different treatments for low back pain is an important research priority. Here we report moderator analyses of the Back Skills Training Trial (BeST) that tested a cognitive–behavioral approach for low back pain.MethodsWe recruited 701 participants ages ≥18 years with at least moderately troublesome low back pain present for >6 weeks from 56 general practices in 7 localities across England to a trial adding a group cognitive–behavioral approach to active management advice. The cognitive–behavioral package had a moderate effect on primary outcomes (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire [RMDQ] and modified Von Korff scales). At 12‐month followup, we tested for interaction between randomized groups on 2 prespecified baseline variables (troublesomeness and fear avoidance) and 10 post hoc (exploratory) variables identified from previous studies.ResultsNeither troublesomeness nor fear avoidance moderated treatment effect on any of our primary outcomes. In the final model, the only moderation by baseline variables of the effect of randomization was on the RMDQ outcome. Being younger and currently working both moderated treatment effect, resulting in larger improvements as a response to treatment.ConclusionAlthough BeST is one of the larger trials of back pain treatment, it is still too small to reliably detect moderation if it exists. Since the significant moderation effects were only observed for 1 outcome measure in 3 of 10 post‐hoc analyses, we cannot conclude that these are true moderation effects.
Are the benefits of a high‐intensity progressive resistance training program sustained in rheumatoid arthritis patients? A 3‐year followup study
Authors: Lemmey Andrew B. , Williams Sarah L. , Marcora Samuele M. , Jones Jerry , Maddison Peter J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were reassessed for body composition and physical function mean ± SD 39 ± 6 months after commencing a randomized controlled trial involving 24 weeks of either high‐intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) or low‐intensity range of movement exercise (control) to determine whether the benefits of PRT (i.e., reduced fat mass [FM], increased lean mass [LM], and improved function) were retained.MethodsNine PRT and 9 control subjects were reassessed for body composition (dual x‐ray absorptiometry) and function (knee extensor strength, chair test, arm curl test, 50‐foot walk) approximately 3 years after resuming normal activity following the exercise intervention.ResultsAt followup, PRT subjects remained significantly leaner than control subjects (P = 0.03), who conversely had accumulated considerable FM during the study period (approximately −1.0 kg versus +2.4 kg, PRT versus controls). PRT subjects also retained most of the improvement in walking speed gained from training (P = 0.03 versus controls at followup). In contrast, the PRT‐induced gains in LM and strength‐related function were completely lost. Data from the controls suggest that established and stable RA patients have similar rates of LM loss but elevated rates of FM accretion relative to age‐matched sedentary non‐RA controls.ConclusionWe found that long‐term resumption of normal activity resulted in loss of PRT‐induced improvements in LM and strength‐related function, but substantial retention of the benefits in FM reduction and walking ability. The relatively long‐term benefit of reduced adiposity, in particular, is likely to be clinically significant, as obesity is very prevalent among RA patients and is associated with their disability and exacerbated cardiovascular disease risk.
Rapid Fabrication of an Inverse Opal TiO2 Photoelectrode for DSSC Using a Binary Mixture of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Seo Young Gon , Woo Kyoungja , Kim Junkyung , Lee Hyunjung , Lee Wonmok 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA rapid fabrication method of highly reflective TiO2 inverse opal (IO) film exhibiting controllable thickness, high TiO2 content, and excellent interfacial contact with glass substrate is presented. By inducing accelerated solvent evaporation during the colloidal self‐assembly process, a composite film of polystyrene (PS)/TiO2 has been directly fabricated on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate, which exhibits the highly ordered opaline structure of PS embedded into the TiO2 matrix. This hybrid fabrication path leads to the formation of layers with the preferred {111} face‐centered cubic (FCC) orientation parallel to the substrate and to produce a 1 cm2‐wide well‐ordered composite colloidal crystal film in less than 30 min. The film showed highly ordered FCC structure, particularly at the upper region, due to the induced solvent evaporation and exhibited a reliable light modulation at a reflectance mode. Regardless of the size of sacrificial PS microspheres, TiO2 IO films of controllable thickness were successfully formed by varying the moving speed of the fabrication cell. The binary aqueous dispersion of tailor‐made anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and monodisperse PS microspheres showed a high degree of dispersion stability under basic conditions. Hydrothermal treatment of the TiO2 dispersion favored the crystallinity of the coated film and provided small volume contraction after thermal calcinations. The high degree of dispersion stability enabled to increase TiO2 content in a binary mixture, which is more favorable toward the robust and large‐area IO film. The calcined films exhibited excellent mechanical robustness and intimate interfacial contact with the glass substrate. which in turn resulted in higher TiO2 content near the glass substrate. The TiO2 IO film was tested as a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoelectrode, and a single cell showed a relatively high photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency of 4.2%. The high TiO2 content of IO film and its good adhesion to the FTO subratrate remarkably improved in the performance of the solar cell compared to the previous investigations where post‐infiltration of TiO2 had been employed.
Recurrent, severe wheezing is associated with morbidity and mortality in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Cohen Robyn T. , Madadi Anusha , Blinder Morey A. , DeBaun Michael R. , Strunk Robert C. , Field Joshua J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPrior studies of asthma in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) were based on reports of a doctor‐diagnosis of asthma with limited description of asthma features. Doctor‐diagnoses of asthma may represent asthma or wheezing unrelated to asthma. Objectives of this study were to determine if asthma characteristics are present in adults with a doctor‐diagnosis of asthma and/or wheezing, and to examine the relationship between doctor‐diagnosis of asthma, wheezing and SCD morbidity. This was an observational cohort study of 114 adults with SCD who completed respiratory symptom questionnaires and had serum IgE measurements. A subset of 79 participants completed pulmonary function testing. Survival analysis was based on a mean prospective follow‐up of 28 months and data were censored at the time of death or loss to follow‐up. Adults reporting a doctor‐diagnosis of asthma (N= 34) were more likely to have features of asthma including wheeze, eczema, family history of asthma, and an elevated IgE level (allP< 0.05). However, there was no difference in pain or ACS rate, lung function, or risk of death between adults with and without a doctor‐diagnosis of asthma. In contrast, adults who reported recurrent, severe episodes of wheezing (N= 34), regardless of asthma, had twice the rates of pain and ACS, decreased lung function and increased risk of death compared with adults without recurrent, severe wheezing. Asthma features were not associated with recurrent, severe wheezing. Our data suggest that wheezing in SCD may occur independently of asthma and is a marker of disease severity. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved differential diagnosis of anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: A prospective multicenter evaluation of soluble transferrin receptor and the sTfR/log ferritin index
Authors: Skikne Barry S. , Punnonen Kari , Caldron Paul H. , Bennett Michael T. , Rehu Mari , Gasior Gail H. , Chamberlin Janna S. , Sullivan Linda A. , Bray Kurtis R. , Southwick Paula C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAnemia of chronic disease (ACD) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most prevalent forms of anemia and often occur concurrently. Standard tests of iron status used in differential diagnosis are affected by inflammation, hindering clinical interpretation. In contrast, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) indicates iron deficiency and is unaffected by inflammation. Objectives of this prospective multicenter clinical trial were to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of sTfR and the sTfR/log ferritin index (sTfR Index) for differential diagnosis using the automated Access® sTfR assay (Beckman Coulter) and sTfR Index. We consecutively enrolled 145 anemic patients with common disorders associated with IDA and ACD. Subjects with IDA or ACD + IDA had significantly higher sTfR and sTfR Index values than subjects with ACD (P < 0.0001). ROC curves produced the following cutoffs for sTfR: 21 nmol/L (or 1.55 mg/L), and the sTfR Index: 14 (using nmol/L) (or 1.03 using mg/L). The sTfR Index was superior to sTfR (AUC 0.87 vs. 0.74, P < 0.0001). Use of all three parameters in combination more than doubled the detection of IDA, from 41% (ferritin alone) to 92% (ferritin, sTfR, sTfR Index). Use of sTfR and the sTfR Index improves detection of IDA, particularly in situations where routine markers provide equivocal results. Findings demonstrate a significant advantage in the simultaneous determination of ferritin, sTfR and sTfR Index. Obtaining a ferritin level alone may delay diagnosis of combined IDA and ACD. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of intraoperative saline irrigations on bacterial load within the maxillary sinus
Authors: Seiberling Kristin A. , McHugh Richard K. , Aruni Wilson , Church Christopher A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundSaline irrigations are routinely employed during endoscopic sinus surgery to remove mucous and debris from the sinus cavities. What is unknown is whether this results in a quantitative reduction in pathologic bacteria within the sinus mucosa. The objectives of this study were to quantify the amount of 5 different bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus (CNS), and Streptococcus pneumoniae) within the maxillary sinus and to determine the impact of saline irrigations on bacterial counts.MethodsTwenty patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were prospectively enrolled. After bilateral maxillary antrostomies, biopsies were taken of the maxillary sinus mucosa prior to any irrigation. In each patient, the left maxillary sinus was then irrigated with 250 cc of normal saline (NS) with a pressurized pulse‐irrigation device and the right side was irrigated with 250 cc of NS using a 30‐cc syringe attached to a curved suction tip. Repeat maxillary sinus mucosal biopsies were then taken from each side. Each biopsy was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the presence and amount of each of the bacteria.ResultsSaline irrigations were found to significantly reduce the amount of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S. pneumoniae found within the maxillary sinus mucosa. No difference was found for H. influenzae or CNS. No difference in bacterial load reduction was able to be shown between the pressurized saline flushes and manual saline rinse methods.ConclusionIntraoperative saline irrigations are able to significantly reduce the amount of potentially pathogenic bacteria within the diseased sinus mucosa.
Preparation and release study of ibuprofen‐loaded porous matrices of a biodegradable poly(ester amide) derived from L‐alanine units
Authors: del Valle Luis J. , Roca Diana , Franco Lourdes , Puiggalí Jordi , Rodríguez‐Galán Alfonso 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScaffolds of a biodegradable poly(ester amide) constituted of L‐alanine, sebacic acid, and 1,12‐dodecanediol units (abbreviated as PADAS) were prepared by the compression‐molding/particulate‐leaching method. The influence of the type, size, and percentage of salt on the scaffold porosity and morphology was evaluated. The thermal behavior and crystallinity were also studied for samples obtained under different processing conditions. PADAS scaffolds were not cytotoxic because they showed good cell viability and supported cell growth at a similar ratio to that observed for the biocompatible materials used as a reference. The use of PADAS scaffolds as a drug‐delivery system was also evaluated by the employment of ibuprofen, a drug with well known anti‐inflammatory effects. Different drug‐loading methods were considered, and their influence on the release in a Sörensen's medium was evaluated as well as the influence of the scaffold morphology. A sustained release of ibuprofen could be attained without the production of a negative effect on the cell viability. The release kinetics of samples loaded before melt processing was well described by the combined Higuchi/first‐order model. This allowed the estimation of the diffusion coefficients, which ranged between 3 × 10−14 and 5 × 10−13 m2/s. Samples loaded by immersion in ibuprofen solutions showed a rapid release that could be delayed by the addition of polycaprolactone to the immersion medium (i.e., the release rate decreased from 0.027 to 0.015 h−1). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Thermal degradation behaviors of phosphorus–silicon synergistic flame‐retardant copolyester
Authors: Li Jun , Zhu Hongfang , Li Juan , Fan Xinyu , Tian Xingyou 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel phosphorus‐containing poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) copolyester/nano‐SiO2 composite (PET‐co‐DDP/SiO2) was synthesized by in situ polycondensation of terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol (EG), [(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz[c,e] [1,2]oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)‐methyl]‐butanedioic acid (DDP), and nano‐SiO2. The morphology of PET nanocomposites was observed by using transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly at nanoscale in the copolyesters with content 2 wt %. The thermal degradation behavior of PET nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis performed with air and nitrogen ambience. The activation energies of thermal degradation were determined using Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods, respectively. The results obtained from Kissinger method showed that the activation energy was increased with the introduction of SiO2. Moreover, the activation energy is decreased for PET‐co‐DDP system in nitrogen and air. The results also indicated that the SiO2 and DDP had synergic effect on the early decomposition and the late charring in air. Furthermore, in the PET‐co‐DDP/SiO2 system, the activation energy increased when the DDP component increased. However, the opposite results were obtained when the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method was used. That was because the Doyle approximation stands correct as the conversion degree is from 5% to 20%. The effects of SiO2 and DDP on the PET thermal degradation were lower in nitrogen than in air. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dielectric dynamics of some nylon 6/CaCO3 composites using broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Turky G. M. , Ghoneim A. M. , Kyritsis A. , Raftopoulos K. , Moussa M. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBroadband dielectric spectroscopy (10−1 to 106 Hz) in combination with TSDC were employed to study the relaxations and the conductivity phenomena in polyamide 6/CaCO3 composites loaded with different contents and particle sizes of treated and untreated CaCO3. In addition to the primary α‐relaxation associated with the glass transition, significant interfacial relaxation and ionic conduction processes have been revealed. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rates of α‐relaxation and Maxwell–Wagner–Siller‐process as well as that of the hopping rate of the conduction mechanism were found to follow the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann‐model. This may support the idea that the three mechanisms are not completely independent. The modification of the filler does not add any effect on the resistivity values. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Thermal decomposition behavior of carbon nanotube reinforced thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers
Authors: Ho Park Sang , Goo Lee Seung , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP), 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA)/6‐hydroxyl‐2‐naphthoic acid (HNA) copolyester, and HNA/hydroxylbenzoic acid (HAA)/terephthalic acid (TA) copolyester reinforced by carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by melt compounding using Hakke internal mixer. The thermal behavior and degradation of CNT reinforced HBA/HNA copolyester and HNA/HAA/TA copolyester have been investigated by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range 30 to 800°C to study the effect of CNT on the thermal decomposition behavior of the TLCP/CNT nanocomposites. The thermal decomposition temperature at the maximum rate, residual yield, integral procedural decomposition temperature, and activation energy for thermal decomposition was studied to investigate thermal stability of TLCP/CNT nanocomposites. The thermal stability of CNT reinforced HBA/HNA copolyester was increased by addition of a very small quantity of CNT and the residual weight was 42.4% and increased until 50.8% as increasing CNT contents. However, the thermal stability of CNT reinforced HNA/HAA/TA copolyester was decreased initially when a very small quantity of CNT added. The residual weight was decreased from 50.4% to 45.1%. After addition of CNTs in the TLCP matrix, the thermal stability of CNT reinforced HNA/HAA/TA copolyester increased as increasing content of CNT and the residual weight was increased until 53% as increasing CNT contents. The activation energy was calculated by multiple heating rate equations such as Friedman, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, Kissinger, and Kim‐Park methods to confirm the effect of CNT in two different TLCP matrices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011