bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Speaking the Dialect”: Understanding Public Discourse in the Aftermath of an HIV Vaccine Trial Shutdown
Authors: Newman Peter A. , Logie Carmen , James LLana , Charles Tamicka , Maxwell John , Salam Khaled , Woodford Michael 
Published: July 2011

Objectives. We investigated how persons from key populations at higher risk of HIV exposure interpreted the process and outcomes of the Step Study HIV-1 vaccine trial, which was terminated early, and implications for willingness to participate in and community support for HIV vaccine research. Methods. We used qualitative methods and a community-based approach in 9 focus groups (n = 72) among ethnically and sexually diverse populations and 6 semistructured key informant interviews in Ontario, Canada, in 2007 to 2008. Results. Participants construed social meaning from complex clinical and biomedical phenomena. Social representations and mental models emerged in fears of vaccine-induced infection, conceptualizations of unfair recruitment practices and increased risk behaviors among trial participants, and questioning of informed consent. Narratives of altruism and the common good demonstrated support for future trials. Conclusions. Public discourse on HIV vaccine trials is a productive means of interpreting complex clinical trial processes and outcomes in the context of existing beliefs and experiences regarding HIV vaccines, medical research, and historical disenfranchisement. Strategic engagement with social representations and mental models may promote meaningful community involvement in biomedical HIV prevention research.
Neighborhood Social Disorganization and the Acquisition of Trichomoniasis Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Ford Jodi L. , Browning Christopher R. 
Published: July 2011

Objectives. We examined relationships between neighborhood social disorganization and trichomoniasis among young US adults. Methods. We employed multilevel logistic regression modeling with secondary data from wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (2001–2002). The dependent variable—trichomoniasis—was measured via urine testing. The measures for neighborhood social disorganization were derived from the 2000 US Census—racial and ethnic composition, concentrated poverty, and residential instability. The sample comprised 11 370 individuals across 4912 neighborhoods. Results. Trichomoniasis was more likely in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of Black residents (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.30). However, this association was mediated by neighborhood concentrated poverty. Furthermore, young adults who lived in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of poverty were significantly more likely to have trichomoniasis (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.46). Neither immigrant concentration nor residential instability was significantly associated with trichomoniasis. Conclusions. These findings strengthen the evidence that neighborhood structural conditions are associated with individual sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. Research is needed to explore the mechanisms through which these conditions influence STI. In addition, STI-prevention programs that include structural interventions targeting neighborhood disadvantage are needed.
Risk Factors for 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)–Related Hospitalization and Death Among Racial/Ethnic Groups in New Mexico
Authors: Thompson Deborah L. , Jungk Jessica , Hancock Emily , Smelser Chad , Landen Michael , Nichols Megin , Selvage David , Baumbach Joan , Sewell Mack 
Published: July 2011

Objectives. We assessed risk factors for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)–related hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death among New Mexico residents. Methods. We calculated population rate ratios using Poisson regression to analyze risk factors for H1N1-related hospitalization. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of hospitalizations during September 14, 2009 through January 13, 2010, using logistic regression to assess risk factors for mechanical ventilation and death among those hospitalized. Results. During the study period, 926 laboratory-confirmed H1N1-related hospitalizations were identified. H1N1-related hospitalization was significantly higher among American Indians (risk ratio [RR] = 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 3.2), Blacks (RR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.4), and Hispanics (RR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.5, 2.0) than it was among non-Hispanic Whites, and also was higher among persons of younger age and lower household income. Mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with age 25 years and older, obesity, and lack of or delayed antiviral treatment. Death was significantly associated with male gender, cancer during the previous 12 months, and liver disorder. Conclusions. This analysis supports recent national efforts to include American Indian/Alaska Native race as a group at high risk for complications of influenza with respect to vaccination and antiviral treatment recommendations.
Suspension Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs: Fractional Flow Theory
Authors: Bedrikovetsky P. , Monteiro P. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Transport of particle suspensions in oil reservoirs occurs during sea- or produced water injection with particle capture and consequent injectivity decline, produced water disposal in aquifers and subterranean water contamination, drilling fluid invasion causing formation damage, fines migration during production of heavy oils in low consolidated reservoirs resulting in productivity decline and during sand production control by gravel packs and sand screens.
Previous studies derive micro- and macro scale equations for deep bed filtration in rocks. A finite size particle cannot enter smaller pore; it also cannot approach the wall of the larger pore closer that its radius. Therefore, mono dispersed suspension and clean water move in separate parts of porous space, and have different viscosities and densities. The suspension "saturation" is so-called accessibility factor. Relative permeabilities for each "phase" in modified Darcy's law depend on saturation and on deposited particle concentration. It closes system of equations for mono dispersed suspension transport in porous media. Finally, so-called flux reduction factor turned to be the fractional flow function. The closed macro scale system has fractional flow type. The developed model significantly differs from the classical filtration model.
In the current work, the laboratory data on injectivity impairment with suspension coreflood were treated. The model exhibits good agreement with experimental data.
Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending
Authors: Koch Thomas G 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.
The use of a human papillomavirus 18 promoter for tissue-specific expression in cervical carcinoma cells
Authors: Lung Mandy , Mak Wendy , Murray Vincent 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe use of tissue-specific promoter elements in the treatment of cervical cancer has been explored in this paper. The P105 promoter of human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) was utilised to direct tissue-specific expression in a number of cell types. Expression was examined in three cervical carcinoma cell lines: HeLa (HPV18 positive), SiHa (HPV16 positive), and C33A cells (HPV negative); the epithelial cell line, H1299; and the foetal fibroblast cell line, MRC5, utilising a luciferase expression vector. Expression was highest in the cervical cell lines by a factor of at least 80. The effect of a number of mutations in the P105 promoter on expression levels was examined. Three deletion constructs of the long control region (LCR) were investigated: an 800 bp fragment (LCR800), a 400 bp fragment (LCR400), and a 200 bp fragment (LCR200), as well as the full length product LCR of HPV18 (LCR1000). The LCR800 construct of the HPV18 P105 promoter had the highest level of expression in the cervical cell lines and was also highest in the HPV18-positive HeLa cell line. Site-directed mutagenesis was then employed on the LCR800 construct to create four further constructs that each had inactivating mutations in one of the four E2 binding sites (E2BSs). Overall, this study indicated that the LCR800 construct of the HPV18 P105 promoter could be utilised as a tissuerestricted promoter in cervical cancer cells.
Influence of electric field on photoluminescence of Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells
Authors: Igalson M. , Pawłowski M. , Prządo D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) of solar cells, based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and bare Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers, has been studied. Shapes and intensity dependencies of the PL spectra in the junctions and in thin films are compared and discussed in terms of influence of the junction field. Measurements of the photoluminescence in the cells biased in the forward direction are employed in order to show straightforwardly how electric field changes the radiative recombination rate.
Optoelectronic method for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer
Authors: Pruski D. , Przybylski M. , Kędzia W. , Kędzia H. , Jagielska-Pruska J. , Spaczyński M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe optoelectronic method is one of the most promising concepts of biophysical program of the diagnostics of CIN and cervical cancer. Objectives of the work are evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the optoelectronic method in the detection of CIN and cervical cancer. The paper shows correlation between the pNOR number and sensitivity/specificity of the optoelectronic method. The study included 293 patients with abnormal cervical cytology result and the following examinations: examination with the use of the optoelectronic method — Truscreen, colposcopic examination, and histopathologic biopsy.Specificity of the optoelectronic method for LGSIL was estimated at 65.70%, for HGSIL and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix amounted to 90.38%. Specificity of the optoelectronic method used to confirm lack of cervical pathology was estimated at 78.89%.The field under the ROC curve for the optoelectronic method was estimated at 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.92) which shows high diagnostic value of the test in the detection of HGSIL and squamous cell carcinoma.The optoelectronic method is characterised by high usefulness in the detection of CIN, present in the squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix.
Investigation of Optimized Homogenization by Ball Mills for Quantitative Chemical Analysis in Sandy Soils
Authors: Rudovica V. , Tjutrins J. , Viksna A. , Zarina G. 
Published: July 2011

Investigation of Optimized Homogenization by Ball Mills for Quantitative Chemical Analysis in Sandy SoilsThe efficiency of homogenization was studied by examining particle size distribution and element quantification in the sandy soils using the ball mills. The following parameters were optimized - sample volume, oscillation frequency and grinding time. The homogenized soil fraction with ~ 85% of particles with sizes below 40 μm was established to give high precision and accuracy of quantitative analysis of the results.
Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions
Authors: Robalds A. , Klavins M. , Zicmanis A. 
Published: July 2011

Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+and Cr3+IonsHeavy metals as trace elements can often be found in industrial waste waters, and their discharge to the environment is a significant threat due to their acute toxicity to the aquatic and terrestrial life. The common methods used for removal of toxic metals and trace elements from the municipal and industrial waste waters are based on their adsorption onto insoluble compounds - sorbents. Synthetic sorbents usually are quite expensive; therefore, as a prospective approach to the metal removal, the use of a natural sorbent - peat - was tested. Peat as sorbent was proved to have a relatively high sorption capacity in respect to the studied metal ions, it can be used batchwise and in a dynamic regime and is a relatively robust and reliable sorbent regarding pH, the ionic strength, and the amounts of sorbed metal.
Evaluation of the distance sampling technique to survey red grouseLagopus lagopus scoticuson moors in northern England
Authors: Warren Philip , Baines David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe surveyed red grouseLagopus lagopus scoticususing pointing dogs in spring and again in summer from 2000 to 2010 on four moors in northern England using a line‐transect distance sampling method. We compared density estimates generated with those obtained using three other methods on the same moors: counts of calling males within sample blocks of 0.5‐km2, absolute counts of grouse within sample blocks of 0.5‐km2using a line of beaters and gamekeepers' own transect counts obtained using their dogs. We found that distance estimates were positively correlated with abundance estimates from all three sampling methods. Our distance sampling estimates of males pre‐breeding were 47% higher than call count estimates, with pre‐breeding distance sampling estimates 65% higher than the absolute counts. Distance sampling along transects across the whole moor provides a method for extensive surveys of red grouse, generating estimates of grouse population size at a moor level which can be directly related to management practices, particularly to harvesting and parasite control strategies.
Translocations and human‐carnivore conflicts: problem solving or problem creating?
Authors: Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Simonetti Javier A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTranslocation is a non‐lethal practice used to manage carnivore‐livestock conflicts. Nevertheless, its use has been questioned due to its low success rate and high cost. We performed a literature review to assess the effectiveness of translocation, human‐related mortality and cost. We estimated the overall effectiveness to be 42% ± 6, felids were involved in 70% of the translocations and 80% of the case studies were conducted in North America and Africa. Human‐related mortality accounted for the 83% of deaths after translocations. Translocation cost per individual was estimated at US$ 3,756 ± 357 (N = 16), a sum equivalent to compensate for up to 30 livestock heads. For conservation purposes, translocation is costly and less effective than other alternatives such as compensation with best herding practices.
The use of Google EarthTM satellite imagery to detect the nests of masked boobies Sula dactylatra
Authors: Hughes B. John , Martin Graham R. , Reynolds S. James 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMasked boobies Sula dactylatra, like many other species of Sulidae, do not construct elaborate nests. However, their nest sites produce a characteristic ‘nest signature’. We found that these nest signatures could apparently be seen in freely available satellite images (Google EarthTM) of the main island of Ascension in the south Atlantic. We verified that this was the case by comparing nest signatures detected on these satellite images with field reports of occupied nests. We found that the locations of these nest signatures determined from satellite images agreed closely with the coordinates of actual nests on the ground. We used this information to determine the position and size of a previously unreported masked booby colony on the island. Thus, we show that the presence and abundance of some species can be estimated using freely available satellite imagery if a suitable signature in the satellite image can be found. Regularly updated satellite imagery of target sites could also be used for population monitoring. While this would be expensive, initial evaluation of the technique for particular species or populations can be achieved using freely available images. We encourage wildlife managers to view their study sites on Google EarthTM for evidence of their target species.
Faecal nitrogen, an index of diet quality in roe deer Capreolus capreolus?
Authors: Verheyden Hélène , Aubry Lise , Merlet Joël , Petibon Patrick , Chauveau‐Duriot Béatrice , Guillon Nadine , Duncan Patrick 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIndices of diet quality are useful tools for research on the ecology, behaviour and the management of wildlife. The quality of diets is an essential driver of the performance of individuals, which in turn drives the dynamics of populations. Dietary nitrogen (DN) is a good index of diet quality in some herbivores, and faecal nitrogen (FN) has proved a good predictor of DN in grazers, but there is some doubt as to its validity in browsers, since they eat food with significant amounts of tannins, which bind with proteins. In order to test the validity of FN to predict DN, we first test for seasonal and spatial variations of FN in a population of roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Secondly, we examine the relation between DN and FN according to the occurrence of condensed tannin in the diets of 41 individuals of this population. Third, using feeding trials with captive roe deer, we test if free condensed tannins in diets affect the relationship between DN and FN. The results show that FN broadly follows seasonal and spatial variations of food quality, with higher values in spring, and higher values in roe deer living in a farmed area with richer food resources compared to those of deer in forests. Both in wild and captive animals, DN increases with FN when the dietary condensed tannin is low or absent, but the relationship disappears when there is an appreciable amount of condensed tannin in the diet (> 2%). We conclude that FN is not suitable for predicting individual short term diet quality for browsers that ingest significant levels of tannin. FN may, nonetheless, reflect broad seasonal and spatial patterns of diet quality at the population level.
Patency, flow, and endothelialization of the sutureless Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis (ELANA) technique in a pig model
Authors: van Doormaal Tristan P. C. , van der Zwan Albert , Redegeld Saskia , Verweij Bon H. , Tulleken Cornelis A. F. , Regli Luca 
Published: July 2011

Object
The purpose of this study was to assess flow, patency, and endothelialization of bypasses created with the sutureless Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis (SELANA) technique in a pig model.

Methods
In 38 pigs, a bypass was made on the left common carotid artery (CCA), using the right CCA as a graft, with 2 SELANAs. Bypass flow was measured using single-vessel flowmetry. The pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 survival groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 days; 2 and 3 weeks; and 3 and 6 months). One extra animal underwent the procedure and then was killed after 1 hour of bypass patency to serve as a control. Angiography was performed just before the animals were killed, to assess bypass patency. Scanning electron microscopy and histological studies were used to evaluate the anastomoses after planned death.

Results
The mean SELANA bypass flow was not significantly different from the mean flow in the earlier ELANA (Excimer Laser Assisted Non-occlusive Anastomosis) pig study at opening and follow-up. Overall SELANA bypass patency (87%) was not significantly different from the ELANA patency of 86% in the earlier study. Complete SELANA endothelialization was observed after 2–3 weeks, compared with 2 weeks in the earlier ELANA study.

Conclusions
The SELANA technique is not inferior to the current ELANA technique regarding flow, patency, and endothelialization. A pilot study in patients is a logical next step.
Family and personal medical history and risk of meningioma
Authors: Claus Elizabeth B. , Calvocoressi Lisa , Bondy Melissa L. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Wrensch Margaret 
Published: July 2011

Object
Little is known about the epidemiology of meningioma, the most frequently reported primary brain tumor in the US. The authors undertook a case-control study to examine the relationship between family and personal medical history and meningioma risk.

Methods
The authors compared the personal and first-degree family histories of 1124 patients with meningioma (age range 20–79 years) in Connecticut, Massachusetts, North Carolina, the San Francisco Bay Area, and 8 Houston counties between May 1, 2006, and February 26, 2010, and the histories of 1000 control individuals who were frequency-matched for age, sex, and geography.

Results
The patients were more likely than the controls to report a first-degree family history of meningioma (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6–11.5), and there was an even stronger association in younger cases. The patients were less likely than controls to report immune conditions including allergy (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.7) but were more likely to report a history of thyroid cancer (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.02–21.5) or leukemia (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2–24.1) (most after radiotherapy). Among women, patients were more likely than controls to report hormonally related conditions—uterine fibroid tumors (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.5), endometriosis (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.5–2.1), and breast cancer (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8–2.3).

Conclusions
The influence of genetics, the immune system, and radiation near the head on meningioma risk is suggested in the authors' findings; the role of hormones is intriguing but requires further study.
Prevalence and natural history of pineal cysts in adults
Authors: Al-Holou Wajd N. , Terman Samuel W. , Kilburg Craig , Garton Hugh J. L. , Muraszko Karin M. , Chandler William F. , Ibrahim Mohannad , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: July 2011

Object
We reviewed our experience with pineal cysts to define the natural history and clinical relevance of this common intracranial finding.

Methods
The study population consisted of 48,417 consecutive patients who underwent brain MR imaging at a single institution over a 12-year interval and who were over 18 years of age at the time of imaging. Patient characteristics, including demographic data and other intracranial diagnoses, were collected from cases involving patients with a pineal cyst. We then identified all patients with pineal cysts who had been clinically evaluated at our institution and who had at least 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up. All inclusion criteria for the natural history analysis were met in 151 patients.

Results
Pineal cysts measuring 5 mm or larger in greatest dimension were found in 478 patients (1.0%). Of these, 162 patients were male and 316 were female. On follow-up MR imaging of 151 patients with pineal cyst at a mean interval of 3.4 years from the initial study, 124 pineal cysts remained stable, 4 increased in size, and 23 decreased in size. Cysts that were larger at the time of initial diagnosis were more likely to decrease in size over the follow-up interval (p = 0.004). Patient sex, patient age at diagnosis, and the presence of septations within the cyst were not significantly associated with cyst change on follow-up.

Conclusions
Follow-up imaging and neurosurgical evaluation are not mandatory for adults with asymptomatic pineal cysts.
Ruptures et mutations
Authors: Stiller Henri , Maille Benoît , Delaleuf Laëtitia , Torri Lionel , May Delphine , Dufour Dominique , Duperrin Bertrand , Henry Julien , Paillaré Joris , Chesne-Seck Marie-Laure 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Quelle place pour la fonction information-documentation dans les grandes entreprises françaises ? Pour la troisième fois en une quinzaine d’années, le cabinet Histen-Riller a enquêté pour connaître les besoins, attentes et perceptions des grands organismes en la matière. Et les résultats ne sont pas univoques. Heureusement !