bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhinorrhea and watery eyes in infancy and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in school‐age children
Authors: Perzanowski Matthew S. , Rauh Virginia , Ramphal Bruce , Acosta Luis , Hoepner Lori , Rundle Andrew G. , Perera Frederica P. , Herbstman Julie , Miller Rachel L. , Margolis Amy E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreased parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity is associated with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattentive symptoms, but not hyperactive‐impulsive symptoms, and may contribute to inattentive subtype etiology. Guided by prior work linking infant rhinorrhea and watery eyes without a cold (RWWC) to PNS dysregulation, we examined associations between infant RWWC and childhood ADHD symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of Black and Latinx children living in the context of economic disadvantage (N = 301 youth: 158 females, 143 males). Infant RWWC predicted higher inattentive (relative risk [RR] 2.16, p < .001) but not hyperactive‐impulsive (RR 1.53, p = .065) ADHD symptoms (DuPaul scale), administered to caregivers at child age 8–14 years. Stratified analyses revealed that these associations were present in females but not males, who were three times more likely to have higher ADHD current total symptoms if they had infant RWWC than if they did not. Additionally, associations between RWWC and inattention symptoms were observed only in females. RWWC may thus serve as a novel risk marker of ADHD inattentive‐type symptoms, especially for females.
Forecasting corporate financial performance with deep learning and interpretable ALE method: Evidence from China
Authors: Liang Longyue , Liu Bo , Su Zhi , Cai Xuanye 
Published: May 2024

AbstractForecasting and analyzing corporate financial performance are of significant value to investors, managers, and regulators. In this paper, we constructed the one‐dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D‐CNN) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) deep learning models to investigate the feasibility of forecasting corporate financial performance with deep learning models, using the corporate financial features and environment, social and governance (ESG) rating index of Chinese A‐share listed corporation data from 2015 to 2021. Five evaluation metrics were employed to measure models' forecasting effects, and four competing machine learning models were built to verify the improvement in forecasting accuracy brought by the deep learning models. Furthermore, we also introduced the Accumulated Local Effects method to explore the forecasting processes of the deep learning models. The empirical results show the following: (1) Deep learning models can effectively extract the time‐series information in corporate data, thereby solving the task of predicting corporate financial performance with high accuracy. (2) The introduction of ESG information significantly contributes to the forecasting accuracy of corporate financial performance. For both 1D‐CNN and LSTM models, the ESG rating index can provide additional useful information for forecasting. (3) The interpretable results reveal the preference and emphasis of the two deep learning models for the different features. This further proves the robustness and reliability of deep learning models in forecasting corporate financial performance.
Data patterns that reliably precede US recessions
Authors: Leamer Edward E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of forecasting US recessions beginning with data displays that contain the last 12 quarters of seven US expansions. These end‐of‐expansion displays allow observers to see for themselves what is different about the last year before recessions compared with the two earlier years. Using a statistical model that treats this historical data as draws from a 12‐dimensional multivariate normal distribution, the most recent data are probabilistically inserted into these images where the recent data are most like the historical data. This is a recession forecast based not on presumed patterns but on patterns revealed by the data.
Metabolomic analysis of dietary‐restriction‐induced attenuation of sarcopenia in prematurely aging DNA repair‐deficient mice
Authors: He Yupeng , Yang Wei , Huang Luojiao , Mever Marlien Admiraal‐van , Ramautar Rawi , Harms Amy , Rijksen Yvonne , Brandt Renata M.C. , Barnhoorn Sander , Smit Kimberly , Jaarsma Dick , Lindenburg Peter , Hoeijmakers Jan H. J. , Vermeij Wilbert P. , Hankemeier Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, and is a major risk factor for disability and independence in the elderly. Effective medication is not available. Dietary restriction (DR) has been found to attenuate aging and aging‐related diseases, including sarcopenia, but the mechanism of both DR and sarcopenia are incompletely understood.MethodsIn this study, mice body weight, fore and all limb grip strength, and motor learning and coordination performance were first analysed to evaluate the DR effects on muscle functioning. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was utilized for the metabolomics study of the DR effects on sarcopenia in progeroid DNA repair‐deficient Ercc1∆/− and Xpg−/− mice, to identify potential biomarkers for attenuation of sarcopenia.ResultsMuscle mass was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased (13–20%) by DR; however, the muscle quality was improved with retained fore limbs and all limbs grip strength in Ercc1∆/− and Xpg−/− mice. The LC–MS results revealed that metabolites and pathways related to oxidative‐stress, that is, GSSG/GSH (P < 0.01); inflammation, that is, 9‐HODE, 11‐HETE (P < 0.05), PGE2, PGD2, and TXB2 (P < 0.01); and muscle growth (PGF2α) (P < 0.01) and regeneration stimulation (PGE2) (P < 0.05) are significantly downregulated by DR. On the other hand, anti‐inflammatory indicator and several related metabolites, that is, β‐hydroxybutyrate (P < 0.01), 14,15‐DiHETE (P < 0.0001), 8,9‐EET, 12,13‐DiHODE, and PGF1 (P < 0.05); consumption of sources of energy (i.e., muscle and liver glycogen); and energy production pathways, that is, glycolysis (glucose, glucose‐6‐P, fructose‐6‐P) (P < 0.01), tricarboxylic acid cycle (succinyl‐CoA, malate) (P < 0.001), and gluconeogenesis‐related metabolite, alanine (P < 0.01), are significantly upregulated by DR. The notably (P < 0.01) down‐modulated muscle growth (PGF2α) and regeneration (PGE2) stimulation metabolite and the increased consumption of glycogen in muscle and liver may be related to the significantly (P < 0.01) lower body weight and muscle mass by DR. The downregulated oxidative stress, pro‐inflammatory mediators, and upregulated anti‐inflammatory metabolites resulted in a lower energy expenditure, which contributed to enhanced muscle quality together with upregulated energy production pathways by DR. The improved muscle quality may explain why grip strength is maintained and motor coordination and learning performance are improved by DR in Ercc1∆/− and Xpg−/− mice.ConclusionsThis study provides fundamental supporting information on biomarkers and pathways related to the attenuation of sarcopenia, which might facilitate its diagnosis, prevention, and clinical therapy.
High dose vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of deficiency in male conscripts, but has no effect on physical performance—A randomized study
Authors: Rips Leho , Toom Alar , Kuik Rein , Varblane Ahti , Mölder Hanno , Kibur Ragnar , Laidvere Marika , Kull Mart , Kartus Jüri‐Toomas , Gapeyeva Helena , Rahu Madis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposePhysical load during military training might increase the need for vitamin D; therefore, supplementation could be beneficial for 25(OH)D serum levels and physical performance.MethodsOne hundred and twelve male conscripts were randomized into two vitamin D oil capsule supplementation groups: 55 participants in the 600 IU group and 57 in the 4000 IU group with a follow‐up period from July 2021 to May 2022. Physical fitness tests were performed in July, October and May. Hand grip strength tests were performed in July, October and January. Blood serum (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone PTH), calcium and ionized calcium (i‐Ca) values were measured in July, October, January and May.ResultsThe 600 IU group had a lower (p < 0.001) value of 25(OH)D at all time points compared to the 4000 IU group, except at baseline. None of the subjects in the 600 IU group reached sufficient levels of 75 nmol/L of 25(OH)D in January and May. In May, 60% of participants in the 600 IU group and 30% in the 4000 IU group had 25(OH)D levels under 50 nmol/L. No significant differences in PTH or i‐Ca values were found between the study groups at any time point. No significant differences at any time point were found in the physical fitness test or hand grip strength test between the groups.ConclusionA 10‐month vitamin D supplementation with 4000 IU decreased the incidence of vitamin D deficiency (<75 nmol/L) in young, male army conscripts during wintertime, but no differences in physical performance were found compared to 600 IU supplementation.Level of EvidenceLevel I, Prospective randomized study.
A review of perioperative immune‐modulating and metabolic‐modulating nutrition strategies for bowel resection surgery
Authors: Walsh Maura , Martindale Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFocused perioperative nutrition strategies have proven benefits on the outcomes for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. In this brief article, we will review these strategies and the evidence to support them with a focus on gastrointestinal anastomotic healing. We will elaborate the risks and benefits of enteral feeds, immune‐ and metabolic‐modulating formulas, prebiotics and probiotics, and prehabilitation in preparation for surgery. Additionally, we will discuss the role of fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the surgical patient and new data on specialized proresolving mediators in inflammation resolution. Finally, this article will consider the harmful impact surgical trauma has on the microbiome and the potential for perioperative dietary modulation to attenuate these negative effects.
Femtosecond Laser 3D Nano‐Printing for Functionalization of Optical Fiber Tips
Authors: Bian Peng , Hu Zhi‐Yong , An Ran , Tian Zhen‐Nan , Liu Xue‐Qing , Chen Qi‐Dai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFunctionalized optical fiber tips featuring miniature sizes and diverse functions have broken the limitations of traditional optical fiber with fixed shapes and single materials, significantly enriching the application scenarios in communication, sensing, imaging, and other fields. However, the unconventional shape presents challenges in manufacturing arbitrarily sophisticated 3D micro/nano structures on optical fiber tips. Femtosecond laser 3D nano‐printing (FL‐3DNp) technology injects new vitality into the functionalization of fiber tips due to its high‐precision, customizable structure, and real 3D processing abilities, as well as advantages of non‐vacuum, maskless, and plentiful materials. This paper extensively compares the key performance parameters of various micro‐nano manufacturing technologies for functionalizing optical fiber probes and focuses on the FL‐3DNp technology. In addition, the latest research progresses are systematically presented from the perspective of structure and application. Finally, the current research challenges and future development directions in this emerging field are discussed, aiming at providing scientific and industrial guidance for FL‐3DNp in functionalizing optical fibers.
Accelerated motion correction with deep generative diffusion models
Authors: Levac Brett , Kumar Sidharth , Jalal Ajil , Tamir Jonathan I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this work is to develop a method to solve the ill‐posed inverse problem of accelerated image reconstruction while correcting forward model imperfections in the context of subject motion during MRI examinations.MethodsThe proposed solution uses a Bayesian framework based on deep generative diffusion models to jointly estimate a motion‐free image and rigid motion estimates from subsampled and motion‐corrupt two‐dimensional (2D) k‐space data.ResultsWe demonstrate the ability to reconstruct motion‐free images from accelerated two‐dimensional (2D) Cartesian and non‐Cartesian scans without any external reference signal. We show that our method improves over existing correction techniques on both simulated and prospectively accelerated data.ConclusionWe propose a flexible framework for retrospective motion correction of accelerated MRI based on deep generative diffusion models, with potential application to other forward model corruptions.
Aqueous CuS nanocrystals via a flow synthesis approach
Authors: Decker Helena , Wolf Andre , Kemmler Moritz , Lesnyak Vladimir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAqueous synthesis of covellite CuS nanoparticles holds significant importance in the field of nanomaterials and environmental sustainability. Using water as a solvent and reactant in the synthesis process aligns with green chemistry principles. It enhances nanoparticle production's scalability and safety. CuS nanoparticles have gained attention for their diverse applications in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Aqueous synthesis reduces the environmental footprint associated with hazardous organic solvents, making it an eco‐friendly approach. We report on synthesis routes toward covellite CuS nanocrystals (NCs), emphasizing easy and fast synthesis techniques. Additionally, we develop a flow synthesis of small near infrared active CuS NCs in a custom‐made flow reactor. Combining the advantages of aqueous synthesis and flow chemistry yields a robust and sustainable method for producing covellite CuS NCs readily dispersible in water medium, paving the way for their widespread application in diverse fields.
Star poly(ionic liquid)s: Chain architecture‐property relationships
Authors: Nixon Kevin D. , Sun Rui , Elabd Yossef A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis of 3‐, 4‐, and 6‐arm star poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) (specifically, star poly(vinylbenzyl methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide) (poly(VBMIm‐TFSI))) via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with a core‐first approach, followed by quaternization and anion exchange. The impact of star polymer architecture on properties was explored by measuring the thermal, mechanical, and ion transport properties of each star PIL compared to those of an analogous linear PIL. The star PILs exhibited up to 2‐fold higher ionic conductivity, 150% higher elastic modulus, and 465% higher ultimate tensile strength compared to the analogous linear PIL. The Williams‐Landel‐Ferry (WLF) equation was employed to explore the effect of increased free volume on the improved ion transport properties of the star PILs. These results highlight the impact of star polymer architecture on PILs and star PILs as promising materials for electrochemical energy devices.
Dynamics and Stability via Thin‐Shell of Approximated Black Holes in f(Q)$f(\mathbb {Q})$ Gravity
Authors: Javed Faisal , Lin Ji , Mustafa Ghulam , Tawfiq Ferdous M. O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study is devoted to exploring the geometrical configuration of a thin‐shell in the background of symmetric teleparallel gravity. For this purpose, the well‐known cut‐and‐paste approach by matching the inner flat and outer newly calculated class of approximated black hole (BH) solutions in symmetric teleparallel gravity are considered, i.e., uncharged, charged, and anti‐de‐Sitter BHs. The dynamical analysis of thin‐shell configuration by adopting the massive and massless scalar field via Klein‐Gordon's equation of motion is discussed. The effective potential and proper time derivative of shell radius for both massive and massless scalar shells are used to discuss the collapse, expansion, and oscillatory behavior. The stable configuration of thin‐shell is observed through the linearized radial perturbation approach with a phantomlike equation of state, i.e., quintessence, dark energy, and phantom energy. It is noted that stable/unstable behavior of thin‐shell is found after the expected position of the event horizon of an exterior manifold. It is concluded that the stability of a thin‐shell is greater for BH with cosmological constant as compared to the uncharged and charged BHs.
Synthesis, antifungal evaluation, two‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship and molecular docking studies of isoxazole derivatives as potential fungicides
Authors: Tripathi Kailashpati , Kaushik Parshant , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Misra Sameer Ranjan , Godara Rajni , Bashyal Bishnu Maya , Rana Virendra Singh , Kumar Rajesh , Yadav Jagdish , Shakil Najam Akhtar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSheath blight and bakanae disease, prominent among emerging rice ailments, exert a profound impact on rice productivity, causing severe impediments to crop yield. Excessive use of older fungicides may lead to the development of resistance in the pathogen. Indeed, a pressing and immediate need exists for novel, low‐toxicity and highly selective fungicides that can effectively combat resistant fungal strains.RESULTSA series of 20 isoxazole derivatives were synthesized using alkoxy/halo acetophenones and N,N‐dimethylformamidedimethylacetal. These compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, namely 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and were evaluated for their fungicidal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium fujikuroi. Compound 5n (5‐(2‐chlorophenyl) isoxazole) exhibited highest activity (effective dose for 50% inhibition [ED50] = 4.43 μg mL−1) against R. solani, while 5p (5‐(2,4‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxylphenyl) isoxazole) exhibited highest activity (ED50 = 6.7 μg mL−1) against F. fujikuroi. Two‐dimensional quantitative structural–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, particularly multiple linear regression (MLR) (Model 1), highlighted chi6chain and DistTopo as the key descriptors influencing fungicidal activity. Molecular docking studies revealed the potential of these isoxazole derivatives as novel fungicides targeting sterol 14α‐demethylase enzyme, suggesting their importance as crucial intermediates for the development of novel and effective fungicides.CONCLUSIONAll test compounds were effective in inhibiting both fungi, according to the QSAR model, with various descriptors, such as structural, molecular shape analysis, electronic and thermodynamic, playing an important role. Molecular docking studies confirmed that these compounds can potentially replace commercially available fungicides and help control fungal pathogens in rice crops effectively. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A case of pulmonary primary MALT lymphoma with distinctive bronchoscopic findings
Authors: Miura Hiroyuki , Miura Jun , Goto Shinichi , Yamamoto Tomoko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is a low‐grade lymphoma, but cases in which it has transformed into a high‐grade lymphoma have been reported, necessitating an accurate diagnosis. The patient was a 79‐year‐old nonsmoking Japanese female with history of ocular sarcoidosis. A computed tomography scan of her chest revealed a 35‐mm nodule in the left S1 + 2, contiguous with the lymph nodes. Additional nodules were observed around the left B5 and B10a. Bronchoscopy revealed stenosis caused by a white, glossy, elevated lesion with angiogenesis at the orifice of the left upper lobe bronchus. The biopsy specimen demonstrated the dominance of lymphoid cells and tested positive for CD20, CD79a, Bcl‐2, and IRTA‐1, which is consistent with the findings in MALT lymphoma. Therefore, in the presence of multiple infiltrative shadows along the bronchi with glossy elevated lesions without necrosis on bronchoscopy, it is important to consider MALT lymphoma as a differential diagnosis.
Calcifying fibrous tumour of the pleura without gross calcification
Authors: Lee Hwan Jin , Jeong Jae Seok , Lee Yong Chul 
Published: May 2024

Key messageCalcifying fibrous tumours of the pleura (CFTP) typically appear as calcified, non‐enhancing lesions on chest CT scans. However, enhancing pleural lesions can mimic malignancy like mesothelioma. We report a rare case that enhancing pleural thickening, confirmed as CFTP through pathological examination, despite the absence of visible calcification on radiological imaging.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology as measured by PCL‐5 and its relationships to resilience, hostility and stress among paramedics and social professionals
Authors: Alexandrov Anna , Román Nóra , Kovács Petra , Ritz Anna , Viszket Mónika Kissné , Kaló Zsuzsa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis survey study aimed to contribute to the extensive debate on the dimensionality of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) questionnaire by examining the psychometric properties and construct validity of its Hungarian version and relying on the inspection of a conceptual network of related variables, that is, perceived stress, hostility, and resilience. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and path analysis were applied on data collected from 177 paramedics and 66 professionals from the social field (58.4% male; Mage = 43.5 ± 9.96 years). Despite the acceptable fit indices gained with CFA when testing the original four‐factor DSM‐5 model of PCL‐5, strong associations (r = 0.69–0.90) between subscales were found. Thus, ESEM was applied and as a result a new, three‐factor version of the DSM‐5 model of PCL‐5 was proposed due to significant crossloadings that was theoretically also supported. The Reexperiencing and Avoidance subscales were merged and named Difficulty with Assimilation of Experience (DAE). In the path analysis only two of the tested associations were not significant using the new factor structure, in which stress fully mediated the relationship between resilience and DAE, and resilience and Hyperarousal. Overall, the hypothesised pathways between variables fit the collected data well. (weighted least squares mean‐and variance‐adjusted χ2 = 503.750 (df = 270), comparative fit index = 0.948, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.939, root mean square error of approximation (90% confidence interval) = 0.064 (0.055–0.073), weighted root mean square residual = 1.024). Our analysis of the Hungarian version of PCL‐5 contributes to the testing of a DSM‐5‐based questionnaire measuring posttraumatic stress disorder symptomology.
Large black hole entropy from the giant brane expansion
Authors: Beccaria Matteo , Cabo-Bizet Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We show that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of large supersymmetric black holes in AdS5 × S5 emerges from remarkable cancellations in the giant graviton expansions recently proposed by Imamura, and Gaiotto and Lee, independently. A similar cancellation mechanism is shown to happen in the exact expansion in terms of free fermions recently put-forward by Murthy. These two representations can be understood as sums over independent systems of giant D3-branes and free fermions, respectively. At large charges, the free energy of each independent system localizes to its asymptotic expansion near the leading singularity. The sum over the independent systems maps their localized free energy to the localized free energy of the superconformal index of U(N) $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 4 SYM. This result constitutes a non-perturbative test of the giant graviton expansion valid at any value of N. Moreover, in the holographic scaling limit N → ∞ at fixed ratio $$\frac{{\text{Entropy}}}{{N}^{2}}$$, it recovers the 1/16 BPS black hole entropy by a saddle-point approximation of the giant graviton expansion.