bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Reproductive Hormones Levels Following Administration of Hydroethanolic Extract of Azanza garckeana Fruit in Cadmium Chloride Exposed Female Wistar Rats
Authors: J. O. A Laz-Okenwa , F. S. Amah-Tariah, , S. O. Ojeka, 
Published: May 2024

There have been many claims of aphrodisiac and other beneficial attributes of Azanza garckeana fruit by both tradomedicinal practitioners and some early scientific investigations; the present study, thus, set out to investigate the changes in reproductive hormones following administration of hydroethanolic extract of azanza garckeana fruit (HEAGF) in cadmium chloride exposed female Wistar rats. Thirty five (35) female Wistar rats weighing 230±10 grams were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as negative control that received 1ml of distilled water; Group 2 served as positive control and received oral dose of 10mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 (or Cd); Group 3 had Clomiphene citrate (0.3mg/ml) + Cd; Group 4 received Vitamin E (0.3mg/ml) + Cd; Group 5 received 250mg/kg HEAGF+ Cd; Group 6 received 500mg/kg HEAGF+ Cd and Group 7received 1000mg/kg HEAGF+ Cd. All treatments were done orally and daily for 28 days. Blood samples were collected, and serum levels of reproductive hormones including estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured using ELISA and spectrophotometric technique. The results showed that CdCl2 exposure significantly (P<0.05) decreased FSH level but non-significantly (P>0.05) decreased LH level while increasing oestrogen and progesterone levels compared to the negative control group. However, administration of HEAGF, especially the 250mg/kg bw dose most appreciably restored the hormonal balance towards normal levels. In conclusion, although, the findings of the present study highlights the potential therapeutic value of HEAGF in improving the adverse effects of an environmental toxin―CdCl2 on female reproductive health indicators, further studies may be necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action prior to its clinical exploration and possible recommendation for supplementation in reproductive disorders associated with a heavy metal toxicity.
Knowledge Attitude and Practices of Food Handlers towards Food Hygiene
Authors: Singh Swechha , Singh Rashmi 
Published: May 2024

Knowledge of food hygiene essentially entails the handlers’ awareness or things to be done or things to be put in place, in the course of either acquiring raw food materials, preparing food or serving food to the consumers, so that food safety is achieved. Food hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices are important because inadequate knowledge, poor attitude and poor sanitation practices have life-threatening danger to food safety. It is important to have an understanding of the interaction on prevailing food hygiene knowledge attitude and practices of food handlers in order to minimize foodborne outbreaks. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of food handlers regarding the aspect of food hygiene in Kanpur. One hundred ten food handlers from fifty food establishments of Kanpur were involved in this study. The data was collected from the street food vendors with the help of structured questionnaire and extensive observation. Analysis of data revealed that Knowledge and attitude towards food hygiene was satisfactory among food handlers, where most of the food handlers have fair knowledge and attitude that was (50.0 %) and (40.90%) but fair practice was practiced by only (17.27%) whereas, majority of them had poor practice (46.36). About 53.6 per cent of food handlers always wash their hands before handling food and only (38.1%) of the food handlers had knowledge about hygiene and sanitation. Statistical testing with chi-square at p<0.05 showed that there is no correlation between educational level of the food handlers and practice of food hygiene; like-wise attitude of the handlers towards food hygiene and work experience had no impact on food hygiene practices of food handlers.
The present study concludes that practice regarding food hygiene is not satisfactory and therefore there is need to increase the practice level of food handlers towards food hygiene.
Potential Effect of Chloroquine in Modulating Hyperglycemia and PTEN Receptor Linked Dyslipidemia on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Etti Imaobong C. , Essang Eno-obong A. , Olorunsola Emmanuel O. 
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disease associated with worsening of glycemic control, progressive metabolic dysfunctions and disruption of the Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) receptor.
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of chloroquine on blood glucose level and lipid profile of alloxan-induced diabetic mice and to observe its interaction with PTEN, a negative regulator of insulin signaling pathway.
Methodology: Thirty mice were used for the experiment. A group (n = 5) was kept as healthy control while the others were pre-treated with 140 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate in distilled water. The alloxan-induced diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups: diabetic model control group, 60 mg/kg chloroquine, 120 mg/kg chloroquine, and 10 mg/kg glibenclamide treatment groups respectively. Treatment was done once daily for seven days and the blood glucose level was investigated acutely and then daily throughout the experimental period. A molecular docking study was also conducted to evaluate the interaction of chloroquine with PTEN using PYRX software, while an automated COBAS C 311 machine was used to analyze the lipid profile after the treatment period.
Results: Oral administration of chloroquine gradually and significantly lowered the raised blood glucose level in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A repeated study with 120 mg/kg of chloroquine revealed a decline in blood sugar from 221.5 ± 3.6 on day 1 to 85.5 ± 2.4 on day 7 in comparison to glibenclamide, whose sugar level was reduced to 75.5 ± 3.7 at the end of day 7. The docking study revealed a non-competitive inhibition with an inhibition score of -6.1 in comparison to metformin, which had a score of -4.4, and glibenclamide, which had a score of -9.0. This interaction resulted in a conformational change of the receptor, hence, enhancing glucose uptake and reducing the raised hyperglycemia. Treatment with chloroquine was also observed to reduce the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels from 162 in the model group to 144 and 141 to 116 mmol/L, respectively. The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) following treatment with chloroquine were not statistically different from the non-diabetic healthy mice. These values were very similar to those obtained with glibenclamide-treated diabetic mice.
Conclusion: From the results, chloroquine possesses potent antidiabetic properties and can improve dyslipidemia imposed by hyperglycemia probably owing to its inhibition of PTEN, a negative regulator of insulin resistance.
Ligand‐Free and Heterogeneous Palladium on Carbon‐Catalyzed Hetero‐Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Kitamura Yoshiaki , Sako Satoko , Tsutsui Azusa , Monguchi Yasunari , Maegawa Tomohiro , Kitade Yukio , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA ligand‐free and heterogeneous palladium on carbon (Pd/C)‐catalyzed hetero‐Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction has been developed. The protocol enables the construction of both heterocyclic‐alicyclic and heterocyclic‐heterocyclic biaryl derivatives in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, Pd/C could be reused. The time‐course study clarified that palladium was leached into the reaction media as the reaction proceeded and then completely deposited on the carbon support.
Simultaneous quantitative measurement of gaseous species composition and solids volume fraction in a gas/solid flow
Authors: Laviolette Jean‐Philippe , Patience Gregory S. , Chaouki Jamal 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel spectroscopic method was developed to measure quantitatively and simultaneously solids volume fraction (1−ε) and gaseous species composition (Yi) in a gas/solid system. The method was comprised of an FT‐IR coupled to a fiber‐optic probe that could perform real‐time and in situ measurements of absorbance. The effect of (1−ε) and Yi on the absorbance spectra were additive and could be independently calibrated. Experiments were conducted with alkane/nitrogen mixtures and two types of particles: sand and FCC. Fuel mole fractions and (1−ε) were varied between 1.8–10.1 mol % and 0–0.45, respectively. The relative errors for Yi time‐averaged measurements were below 6% and the error increased significantly with decreasing beam intensity. A proof of concept for a novel application in fluidized beds was also completed: the fiber‐optic probe was used to measure the molar fraction of a tracer gas inside the emulsion and bubble phases during gas tracer experiments. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Expanding spectrum of the association between Type 1 Gaucher disease and cancers: A series of patients with up to 3 sequential cancers of multiple types—Correlation with genotype and phenotype
Authors: Lo Sarah M. , Stein Philip , Mullaly Sean , Bar Michael , Jain Dhanpat , Pastores Gregory M. , Mistry Pramod K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn Gaucher disease (GD), inherited deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase due to mutations in GBA1 gene results in accumulation of glucosylceramide in tissue macrophages, systemic macrophage activation, and a complex multisystemic phenotype. We and others have reported an increased risk of multiple myeloma and other malignancies in non‐neuronopathic Type 1 GD (GD1). Here, we describe a subset of GD1 patients with multiple malignancies. In our cohort of 403 patients with GD1, nine patients (2.2%) developed two or three different types of cancers either consecutively or simultaneously. Patients were characterized by age at diagnosis of GD1, GBA1 genotype, disease severity, age at cancer diagnosis, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) status, and splenectomy status. Of the nine patients, six developed two types of malignancies and three had three cancers each. Overall, the hematologic malignancies comprised lymphoma/leukemia (4) and multiple myeloma (4). Nonhematologic malignancies included colon (2), lung (2), thyroid (2), and prostate cancer (1). Of the seven patients who received ERT, the first cancer was diagnosed before initiation of ERT in all but one. Asplenic patients were more likely to have single or multiple cancers compared with patients with intact spleens (P < 0.0072 and P < 0.0203, respectively). Our data strengthen the association of GD1 and cancer and suggest that patients may be at risk of developing multiple malignancies. We found an association between splenectomy and multiple cancers in GD1. It will be of interest to determine whether timely ERT and declining rates of splenectomy will translate into declining rates of multiple and single cancers. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of 3D parametric model of human spine and simulator for biomedical engineering education and scoliosis screening
Authors: Devedzic Goran , Ristic Branko , Stefanovic Miladin , Cukovic Sasa , Lukovic Tanja 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEngineering education has been changing during the time and starting to cover many interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary fields. We are witnessing the growing importance of biomedical engineering (BME). It leads to increasing needs for development of effective education in BME on the one side, and development of different models and simulation tools for both education and medical purposes on the other hand. BME is a highly interdisciplinary field, influenced by various other engineering and medical fields. This article describes the instrumentation, technique and the results in development of 3D parametric model of human spine and its kinematics using 3D computer aided modeling and simulation. Based on 3D parametric model of spine, software for simulation and visualization of scoliosis (deformation of spine) is also developed. The presented solutions, 3D model and scoliosis simulator could improve education in the field of BME and become useful tool in spinal deformities detection and treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 434–444, 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Density Functional Theory Calculations of the Optical Rotation and Electronic Circular Dichroism: The Absolute Configuration of the Highly Flexible trans‐Isocytoxazone Revised.
Authors: Kwit Marcin , Rozwadowska Maria D. , Gawronski Jacek , Grajewska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of New Flavonoids and Benzofuran‐Type Stilbene and Degranulation Inhibitors of Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells from the Brazilian Herbal Medicine Cissus sicyoides.
Authors: Xu Fengming , Matsuda Hisashi , Hata Hiroki , Sugawara Kaoru , Nakamura Seikou , Yoshikawa Masayuki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Structure‐Performance Relationships in Oxidic Catalysts: Controlling Shape and Tuning Performance
Authors: van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Update on the Synthesis of β‐Lactams
Authors: Aranda M. Teresa , Perez‐Faginas Paula , Gonzalez‐Muniz Rosario 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Reactive Radical Intermediates in Combustion and the Atmosphere
Authors: Hayes Carrigan J. , Merle John K. , Hadad Christopher M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Overview of 45 Years of Studies on Peptide Chemistry
Authors: Okada Yoshio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Online Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Levels Cadmium in Water Samples Using Flow Injection Systems Coupled with Flame AAS
Authors: Zhao Songlin , Liang Huading , Yan Hua , Yan Zhengzhong , Chen Suqing , Zhu Xiandi , Cheng Miaoxian 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA rapid and sensitive method for the determination of trace levels cadmium in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. It is based on the online sorption of Cd(II) ions on a microcolumn packed with HCl treated bamboo charcoal. In a pH range of 5.0–7.5, Cd(II) ions were effectively retained on the microcolumn, which exhibited fast kinetics, permitting the use of high sample flow rates up to at least 12.8 mL/min without the loss of retention efficiency. The retained Cd(II) ions were quantitatively eluted with HCl (2.0 mol/L) for an online determination. With a preconcentration time of 80 s at a sample loading flow rate of 8.6 mL/min, a sensitivity enhancement factor of 63 was obtained compared with the slope of the linear portion of the calibration curves before and after preconcentration. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for cadmium was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997, at levels from 1–40 ng/mL. The precision (RSD) for 11 replicate measurements were 3.2% for the determination of 5 ng/mL Cd(II) and 1.8% for 20 ng/mL Cd(II), respectively, and the detection limit (3s) was 0.36 ng/mL. The accuracy was assessed through the determination of a certified reference material, and also through recovery experiments.
Generation and characterization of a novel neural crest marker allele, Inka1‐LacZ, reveals a role for Inka1 in mouse neural tube closure
Authors: Reid Bethany S. , Sargent Thomas D. , Williams Trevor 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPrevious studies identified Inka1 as a gene regulated by AP‐2α in the neural crest required for craniofacial morphogenesis in fish and frog. Here, we extend the analysis of Inka1 function and regulation to the mouse by generating a LacZ knock‐in allele. Inka1‐LacZ allele expression occurs in the cephalic mesenchyme, heart, and paraxial mesoderm prior to E8.5. Subsequently, expression is observed in the migratory neural crest cells and their derivatives. Consistent with expression of Inka1 in tissues of the developing head during neurulation, a low percentage of Inka1−/− mice show exencephaly while the remainder are viable and fertile. Further studies indicate that AP‐2α is not required for Inka1 expression in the mouse, and suggest that there is no significant genetic interaction between these two factors during embryogenesis. Together, these data demonstrate that while the expression domain of Inka1 is conserved among vertebrates, its function and regulation are not. Developmental Dynamics 239:1188–1196, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of the autophagic machinery in human neutrophils
Authors: Mitroulis Ioannis , Kourtzelis Ioannis , Kambas Konstantinos , Rafail Stavros , Chrysanthopoulou Akrivi , Speletas Matthaios , Ritis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe induction of the autophagy machinery, a process for the catabolism of cytosolic proteins and organelles, constitutes a crucial mechanism in innate immunity. However, the involvement of autophagy in human neutrophils and the possible inducers of this process have not been completely elucidated. In this study, the induction of autophagy was examined in human neutrophils treated with various activators and detected by the formation of acidified autophagosomes through monodansylcadaverine staining and via LC‐3B conversion screened by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In addition, the expression of the ATG genes was assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR. We provide evidence that autophagy is implicated in human neutrophils in both a phagocytosis‐independent (rapamycin, TLR agonists, PMA) and phagocytosis (Escherichia coli)‐dependent initiation manner. ROS activation is a positive mechanism for autophagy induction in the case of PMA, TLR activation and phagocytosis. Furthermore, LC3B gene expression was uniformly upregulated, indicating a transcriptional level of regulation for the autophagic machinery. This study provides a stepping stone toward further investigation of autophagy in neutrophil‐driven inflammatory disorders.
Azodicarboxamides vs. Azodicarboxylates in Reactions against Thioisomünchnones: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition or Nucleophilic Addition?
Authors: Sánchez Bárbara , López Ignacio , Light Mark E. , Silvero Guadalupe , Bravo José Luis 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis communication presents the first study on the use of azodicarboxamides against mesoionic heterocycles as 1,3‐dipoles. The reactions yield thioureido compounds. Their formation could be explained, on the basis of experimental results and preliminary theoretical calculations, by a nucleophilic addition followed by rearrangement; however, a formal 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and subsequent fragmentation and rearrangement of the transient cycloadducts could not be ruled out. Reactions are carried out in refluxing toluene and are complete in 90–240 min. Structural elucidation of the products is based on single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, as well as other spectroscopic data and 2D‐NMR correlations.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Cyanine Dyes as Fluorescent DNA Base Substitutions for Live Cell Imaging (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 7/2010)
Authors: Holzhauser Carolin , Berndl Sina , Menacher Florian , Breunig Miriam , Göpferich Achim , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows how thiazole orange and its elongated derivative TO3 can be combined as a fluorescent base pair for imaging nucleic acids inside living cells. Both dyes were incorporated synthetically as DNA base substitutions and are able to display DNA dehybridization by changing color from red to green. Details are discussed in the article by H.‐A. Wagenknecht et al. on p. 1239 ff.
A novel polyacrylamide gel system for proteomic use offering controllable pore expansion by crosslinker cleavage
Authors: Bornemann Sandra , Rietschel Benjamin , Baltruschat Sabrina , Karas Michael , Meyer Bjoern 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSDS‐PAGE is still one of the most widespread separation techniques in proteomic research and usually coupled to subsequent MS measurement for protein identification. The proteins are digested while embedded in the gel matrix. The resultant peptides are eluted out of the gel and finally analyzed. The in‐gel digestion process suffers from several drawbacks which influence the experimental outcome with respect to protein sequence coverage and detection sensitivity. Limited accessibility of the protease to the substrate protein and insufficient peptide extraction represent the two major problems. To specifically target these issues, we established a novel partly reversible gel system, in which the gel matrix can be conditionally cleaved to increase the pore diameters. By using a crosslinker mixture consisting of Bis and ethylene‐glycol‐diacrylate the acrylamide filament interconnections can be partly hydrolyzed in alkaline solution. The new hybrid gels have been tested to be compatible with a variety of acidic staining techniques. They exhibit similar electrophoretic performance compared with regular solely Bis‐based gels, but yield significantly better MS results. Thus, the Bis/ethylene‐glycol‐diacrylate SDS‐PAGE gel system is a promising alternative for MS‐based in‐gel workflows and might be transferred to other gel‐electrophoretic applications.