bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homology of prostomial and pharyngeal structures in eunicida (Annelida) based on innervation and morphological similarities
Authors: Zanol Joana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEunicidan bristle worm families are commonly identified by the shape of their prostomia and pharyngeal structures. However, current hypotheses of homology among these structures are conflicting, making it difficult to assess morphological evolution, reconstruct phylogeny, and produce a stable classification. To generate more consistent hypotheses of homology among eunicidan anterior structures, the author examined the anterior morphology and the nervous system stained with anti‐α‐tubulin and serotonin antibodies in representative species of Eunicidae, Onuphidae, Oenonidae, Dorvilleidae and Lumbrineridae. The shape of the brain varied conspicuously among families; however, it has mostly the same commissures (usually two of the dorsal and five of the ventral roots of the circumoesophageal connective). The stomatogastric system is also conservative in composition, having two main pairs of stomatogastric nerves which vary in their relative position among the different families. Innervation similarities combined with correspondence and topological morphological similarities made it possible to present explicit hypotheses of primary homology of features, such as buccal lips, pharyngeal fold, and dorsolateral fold anterior extension. Buccal lips are present in all families; however, ventral pads on the prostomium of the Dorvillea line of Dorvilleidae are anterior prolongations of the pharyngeal fold and not buccal lips. All examined taxa, except dorvilleid species, have conspicuous dorsolateral fold anterior extension. In Eunicidae, this anterior extension is a transverse band, while in other families it is a pair of folds. Observed similarities also gave insights on the homology of maxillary elements of Dorvilleidae, providing background knowledge for future studies. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of quantum transport in double‐gate MOSFETs using the non‐equilibrium Green's function formalism in real‐space: A comparison of four methods
Authors: Sabry Yasser M. , Abdolkader Tarek M. , Farouk Wael F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractQuantum effects play an important role in determining the double‐gate (DG) MOSFETs characteristics. The non‐equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF) in real‐space (RS) representation provides a rigorous description of quantum transport in nanoscale devices. Unfortunately, the traditional NEGF framework has the disadvantage of being heavy in computations. Methods that reduce the computations exist in the literature like the recursive Green's Function (RGF) algorithm, the contact block reduction (CBR) method, and Gauss elimination (GE) method. Comparison of the simulation time of the traditional NEGF, the RGF algorithm, the CBR method, and the GE method was always theoretical and based on approximate estimates. In this work, we carry out a real comparison between the four methods by implementing them inside the same simulator, using them to simulate the same device dimensions and parameters on the same machine. It is demonstrated that the RGF algorithm or the GE method introduce about one order of magnitude reduction in simulation time below that traditional NEGF, whereas the CBR method yields the smallest simulation time with about two orders of magnitude reduction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moderating effects of political skill on the perceived politics–outcome relationships
Authors: Brouer Robyn L. , Harris Kenneth J. , Kacmar K. Michele 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrevious research has established that perceptions of organizational politics are associated with negative organizational outcomes. However, this may not hold true for all individuals. We offer subordinate and supervisor political skill, the ability to understand interactions at work and to use that understanding to effectively influence others, as possible moderators. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of both employees' self‐rated political skill and their managers' political skill on job satisfaction, job performance, and manager‐rated commitment. We examined these relationships in an organizational sample of 106 matched dyadic pairs and found mixed support for the joint moderating effect of self and manager political skill on the politics perceptions‐outcome relationships. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Der Einfluß verschiedener organischer Lösungsmittel auf das Wachstum von Bakterien
Authors: Patsch R. , Höhne C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wurden 10 organische Lösungsmittel auf ihre antibakterielle Wirkung untersucht, um ihre Brauchbarkeit als Lösungsvermittler für Resistenzbestimmungen von Bakterien gegenüber in Wasser schwer löslichen Chemotherapeutica zu ermitteln. Aceton, Acetonitril und Diäthylformamid eignen sich nicht. Diacetonalkohol wird von S. aureus bis 2% und 1,4‐Dioxan von Kl. pneumoniae bis 1% toleriert. Die höchsten Toleranzgrenzen erreicht das Diäthylenglykolmonoäthylätheracetat, das bei S. aureus, E. coli, Kl. pneumoniae und Ps. aeruginosa bis 2% keine Wachstumshemmung verursacht. Die Grenzkonzentrationen für Formamid, Dimethylformamid und 1,4‐Dioxan variieren bei den getesteten Keimen von maximal 2% bis unter 1%.
Mutants with altered DNA base composition in Bacterium paracoli — the evidence from a marker
Authors: Gause G. F. , Laiko A. V. , Bibikova M. V. , Kusovkova L. I. , Selesneva T. I. , Dudnik Yu. V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractChain‐forming mutants of Bacterium paracoli 5099 with increased sensitivity to many antibiotics and altered DNA base composition were first induced by ultraviolet radiation in 1966, and regularly obtained under the standard conditions of experiments during the last three years. When a marker of resistance to cycloserine was inserted into the parent strain, this marker was retained by mutants with altered DNA base composition which were induced by ultraviolet radiation in the parent strain. The system under investigation represents considerable interest for further studies of the origin of macro‐mutants of bacteria with altered DNA base composition.
L‐Formen von Escherichia coli K 12 (λ) I. Induktion und Vermehrungsweise
Authors: Schuhman Edith , Taubeneck U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractE. coli K12(λ) was transferred into L‐forms using penicillin and different temperatures of incubation. At 32 °C penicillin induced a stable L‐form (protoplast‐type) whereas at 37 °C instable L‐forms (spheroplast‐type) were obtained. Normal or reduced access of oxygen yielded the same results.One of the instable L‐forms isolated (LK12(λ) inst I) as well as rods reverted from this L‐form in the absence of penicillin produced large amounts of a slimy substance on fluid or solid culture media. Newly formed rods were transformed on penicillin at once back into pleomorphic L‐form‐cells exactly resembling the instable L‐form LK12(λ) inst I. It is assumed that a mutation has taken place which is similar to the mucoid Ion mutants described with E. coli.
The in vitro transformation of progesterone by Rhizopus nigricans REF 129
Authors: Sallam L. A. R. , El‐Refai A. H. , El‐Kady I. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydroxylation of progesterone at C‐6, C‐11, C‐17, C‐21 as well as formation of 11α‐hydroxyallopregnane‐3,20‐dione was successfully performed with cell homogenate of a local strain of Rhizopus nigricans REF 129. Progesterone was only transformed to 17α‐ and 21‐hydroxy derivatives with the supernatant solution of the cell homogenate. 5α‐Hydrogenase, β‐hydroxylase, and 11α‐hydroxylase appeared to be located in the cell‐sediment fraction. Successful isolation of a cell preparation containing 11α‐hydroxylase system was obtained by treating the cell‐sediment fraction with citrate buffer, then by precipitation with ammonium sulphate. The formation of 6β,11α‐dihydroxyprogesterone was hindered by the addition of ascorbic acid to the reaction mixture.
Untersuchungen über die Aufnahme ünd Verwertung von Phosphatverbindungen durch Phosphatmangelzellen von Candida utilis I. Die Aufnahme von Pyrophosphat
Authors: Jungnickel F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBei Phosphatmangelzellen von Candida utilis ist die Aufnahmerate für Pyrophosphat vergleichbar mit der von Orthophosphat. Ebenso wie Orthophosphat kann auch Pyrophosphat nur bei Bereitstellung zellulärer Stoffwechselenergie in die Synthese von makromolekularen anorganischen Polyphosphaten einbezogen werden.
Der Spindelapparat bei Saccharomyces fragilis
Authors: Unger E. , Strunk Christa , May R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUltrastrukturuntersuchungen an Protoplasten und aufgebrochenen Zellen von Saccharomyces fragilis zeigten, daß während des gesamten Kernteilungscyklus die Kernhülle intakt bleibt sowie centriolar plaques und intranucleäre Mikrotubuli vorhanden sind. Während des Teilungsvorganges lassen sich kernassoziierte extranucleäre Mikrotubuli nachweisen. Die centriolar plaques besitzen eine Mehrscheibenstruktur und liegen auf dem Niveau der Kernhülle in einer modifizierten Kernpore. Sie sind eng assoziiert mit der Kernmembran und den Mikrotubuli, die sich ins Kerninnere und ins Grundplasma erstrecken.Die Wanderung der centriolar plaques während des Kernteilungsvorganges in der Kernhülle wird wahrscheinlich hauptsächlich durch das Wachstum des Zentralstranges der Spindel gesteuert.Im Zusammenhang mit der Existenz eines intranucleären Anhangsbereiches am centriolar plaque, mit dem Auftreten und den Veränderungen des Zentralkörperchens während des Kernteilungscyklus und des Übergangs des centriolar plaque von einer Zwei‐ zu einer Drei‐Scheiben‐Struktur werden seine Funktionen als Mikrotubulus‐Organisator, als Kinetochorenäquivalent und als Bewegungszentrum für den Kern diskutiert.
Biochemical analysis of bacterial macromutations
Authors: Roe C. R. , You K. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA mutant (DNA GC 70%) of Pseudomonas testosteroni (DNA GC 60%) has been shown to produce new strains of P. testosteroni having the same GC content as the parent strain 78 (60 moles %). Analyses of the protein and analogous enzymes by electrophoresis reveal an acidic alteration in the charge of all soluble proteins. Evaluation of the organisms in the Bacillus and Paracolon systems clearly demonstrates that total protein charge alterations from acidic to basic or basic to acidic are common features associated with alterations of DNA base compositions. The reported DNA content changes of mutants appears to follow a rule of single or multiple 25% substitution of parental adenine‐thymine content to guanine‐cytosine content in the mutant produced. The accuracy of this prediction of such a percentage change in mutant DNA content is presented.The common features of extent of GC alteration and protein charge changes observed in the Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Paracolon systems suggest the possibility of a single mutational event producing an organism which is classified in a genus other then the parent.
Eine Mikromethode zur schnellen und spezifischen Serienbestimmung des Proteingehaltes unzerstörter Mikroorganismen
Authors: Hesse G. , Lindner K. , Müller R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wird eine Methode beschrieben, die es gestattet, den absoluten Proteingehalt in unzerstörten Mikroorganismen serienmäßig zu bestimmen. Als Material zur Erarbeitung und Diskussion der Methodik dienten Hefen; es lassen sich jedoch ohne Abänderung des Verfahrens Bakterien, Zellorganellen, Pilzsporen u. ä. untersuchen.Proben mit einer Trockenmasse von 25 μg bis 200 μg werden auf Filterpapierquadrate aufgebracht, extrahierend fixiert und mit Bromphenolblau angefärbt. Die Extinktion des eluierten Farbstoffs wird spektrophotometrisch bei 598 nm gemessen.Die Farbausbeute der Anfärbung ist nahezu linear abhängig von der Masse des Proteins und unabhängig von dessen Struktur und Aminosäurezusammensetzung.Vergleichende Untersuchungen mit Hilfe klassischer Proteinbestimmungsverfahren (Gesamtstickstoff, Proteinstickstoff, Aminosäuren nach Totalhydrolyse) bestätigten die über die Färbemethode gewonnenen Proteinwerte.Zur Trockengewichtsbestimmung kleinster Probemengen (Abnahme einer Impföse von distinkten Kolonien) dient eine Streulichtmessung im Suspensionsmittel Methanol/Wasser.In proteinreichen Hefen ist der Anteil freier Aminosäuren signifikant niedriger als in proteinarmen Spezies. Dagegen ist der Anteil des nichtproteinischen Stickstoffes in allen untersuchten Stämmen annähernd gleich.
Induction of nocardioform growth in actinomycetes on media with D‐fructose
Authors: Nikitina E. T. , Kalakoutskii L. V. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract189 strains of Actinomyces (Streptomyces) spp. were screened for their ability to give secondary nocardioform colonies when plated on synthetic mineral medium with either D‐fructose, D‐glucose or D‐galactose as a sole carbon and energy source. All cultures examined were able to utilize each of the sugars as a sole carbon and energy source. Over 6% of cultures tested yielded nocardioform variants when grown on medium with D‐fructose but not on D‐glucose or D‐galactose. The ability to respond in a particular manner to cultivation on a medium with D‐fructose was strain‐specific. No correlation was found between this ability and the systematic relationships or the antibiotic activity of the actinomycetes tested. Secondary nocardioform colonies usually emerged after a definite lag (5–12 days at 28 °C) within primary (or “normal”) colonies of actinomycetes. The size and number of secondary nocardioform colonies depended on the D‐fructose concentration in the medium. Certain implications of the reported findings are discussed.
Quantitative Untersuchungen zum Abbau von n‐Alkanen durch Candida‐Stämme
Authors: Krauel H. , Köhler M. , Weide H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDurch Zentrifugation erhaltenes Rest‐Mepasin wurde gaschromatographisch analysiert. Bei der quantitativen Auswertung der Daten wurde Eikosan als Bezugsbasis zur Mengenermittlung aller verbliebenen Kettenlängen des Alkangemisches herangezogen. Der Fehler dieser Rechnung liegt unter 5%.In der Belüftungskultur verdunsteten sowohl das Medium als auch die niederen Kettenlängen des Alkangemisches unkontrollierbar stark. Die Verdunstung in der Schüttelkultur war geringer und ließ sich standardisieren. Zu Untersuchungen des Wachstums der Hefen und des Abbaus des Alkangemisches wurde deshalb diese Form der Kultur angewandt.Das Wachstum der Hefen und der Alkanverbrauch liefen konform. Der maximale Gesamtverbrauch von Kohlenwasserstoffen wurde zu Beginn der stationären Phase festgestellt und betrug etwa 30% (v/v) der eingesetzten Menge.
Interferenzmikroskopische Trockenmassebestimmungen an primären Strumazellen in Gewebekultur II. Messungen
Authors: Seeber Christine , Beyer H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Trockenmasse und das Volumen von 200 primären fibroblastenartigen Strumazellen wurde bestimmt. Für den Kern betrug die Trockenmasse 79 ± 25 pg, das Volumen 2075 μm3, für das Plasma ergab sich eine Trockenmasse von 1016 ± 34 pg und ein Volumen von 9155 μm3. Eine signifikante Korrelation ließ sich für die Trockenmasse und das Volumen von Kern und Plasma nachweisen.
Phänotypische und genetische Analysen der „nutrient markers”︁ von Staphylococcus aureus und ihre taxonomische Bedeutung
Authors: Tschäpe H. , Rische H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVon über 1000 Staphylococcus aureus‐Stämmen verschiedener epidemiologischer und geographischer Herkünfte wurden die Aminosäure‐ und Vitaminbedürftigkeiten (nutrient markers) bestimmt und deren genetische Ursachen durch Revertanten‐ und Transduktionsanalyse untersucht. Mit Hilfe der verschiedenen „nutrient markers”︁ lassen sich mindestens drei Standortvarietäten von S. aureus charakterisieren.
Herstellung von Seren gegen ein thermolabiles Antigen von Shigella sonnei und ihre immunelektrophoretischen Untersuchungen
Authors: Kühn H. , Kemmer G. , Seltmann G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractZur Herstellung von Seren gegen ein thermolabiles Antigen von Shigella sonnei muß die Immunisierung auf 10 Injektionen verlängert werden, da nach 6 Injektionen die entsprechende Linie in der Immunelektrophorese im allgemeinen noch nicht gefunden werden kann. Zwischen der Höhe des Agglutinintiters und der Ausbildung von Antikörpern gegen das thermolabile Antigen fanden wir keine Zusammenhänge.
Phage‐like structures (SE‐particles) in cells of the unstable and stable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52
Authors: Gumpert J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn cells of the stable and unstable spheroplast type L‐form of Proteus mirabilis D 52 small ellipsoidal particles (SE‐particles) could be found after investigation of ultrathin sections. The SE‐particles have diameters of 220–260 and 280–320 Å. They are composed of an electron lucent centre, an internal electron deanse layer, an electron lucent line and an outer electron dense layer. There is a porus of about 25 Å in the internal electron dense layer. The SE‐particles may be arranged in chains up to 10 particles. It seems that the particle formation starts near the cytoplasmic membrane at one or more sites in a cell.Comparing electron microscopic observations with data from literature it seems certain that SE‐particles are bacteriophage‐like structures. However, it is not clear until now, whether they are intact tail‐less phages or defect phage structures.
Regulation der Alaninaminotransferase von Neurospora durch freie Aminosäuren
Authors: Ke‐Suong Ngo , Aurich H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Aktivität der Alaninaminotransferase von Neurospora ist mit Aminosäuren als N‐Quelle höher als mit NH. In „shift”︁‐Versuchen induzieren Aminosäuren die Enzymsynthese.Das Enzym zeigt während des Wachstums unabhängig von der N‐Quelle zwei Maxima der spezifischen Aktivität; das erste liegt in der lag‐Phase bzw. in der frühen exponentiellen Phase, das zweite bei Beginn der Autolyse.Alaninaminotransferase wird vom Mycel in zwei Phasen produziert, einmal zu Beginn des Wachstums, zum zweiten in der stationären Phase. Während der Autolyse wird das Enzym abgebaut.Die Funktionen der Alaninaminotransferase werden unter der Sicht der Regulation durch die intrazellulären freien Aminosäuren diskutiert.
Morphology, development and autoecism in Ravenelia breyniae SYDOW
Authors: Singh U. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRavenelia breyniae SYDOW, parasitic on Melanthesa rhamnoides BLUME is autoecious, producing pycnia, uredinoid aecia, uredia, and telia. The teliospores differentiate by elongation of cells in the top stromatal layer while the central cuboid cells differentiate into a compound pedicel. The cell layer immediately below the maturing teliospore provides the cysts, one for each teliospore. Appendages on the surface of the teliospores differentiate from material of the apical wall.
Über die Variabilität physiologischer Eigenschaften in der Gattung Microsporum GRUBY I. Verwertung von Oleum pedum tauri durch M. audouinii und M. gypseum
Authors: Böhme Hannelore 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFive species of the genus Microsporum (M. audouinii, M. canis, M. cookei, M. gypseum, M. vanbreuseghemii) were cultivated in an Oleum pedum tauri‐glutamate‐broth for three months. Amongst them M. gypseum produced the highest, M. audoinii the lowest amount of mycelium (dry weight) under these conditions. Both species differed further in rate and strength of growth, uptake of phosphate, deamination of glutamate, uptake of ammonium from, and excretion of enzymes into the medium. M. gypseum exceeded M. audouinii only with regard to the lipolytic, but not to the proteolytic or phospholytic activity. No direct correlations exist between growth rate, enzyme production, and pathogenicity of these fungi.
Untersuchungen zur heterotrophen Nitrifikation im See
Authors: Gode P. , Overbeck J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ecological importance of NH+4‐oxidation in an eutrophic lake by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria is examined by determination of the cell numbers of both groups of bateria over a long period. Ammonium oxidized by autotrophic bacteria is apparently of less importance because of the very low cell numbers of these bacteriaHeterotrophic nitrifying bacteria were found in much higher cell numbers. Calculation of the possible amount of oxidized ammonium by a single cell shows that in all probability these bacteria are responsible for the major part of nitrification in lake Plußsee.
Untersuchungen zur Konjugationsfähigkeit von Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Höhne C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wird die durch R‐Plasmide verursachte Konjugationsfähigkeit von 20 S. typhimurium‐Stämmen im Vergleich zu Klebsiella pneumoniae und S. heidelberg ermittelt. Im Durch‐schnitt lagen die Übertragungsfrequenzen mit S. typhimurium deutlich unter denen mit Kl. pneumoniae und S. heidelberg. Jedoch wurden auch Ausnahmen beobachtet, aus denen sich die Bedeutung des Donators für die jeweilige Übertragungsfrequenz ergibt. Donatoren, die neben R‐Plasmiden auch eine Nifurantin‐ bzw. Nalidixinsäureresistenz besaßen, konnten zwar das R‐Plasmid, nicht aber die Nifurantin‐ bzw. Nalidixinsäureresistenz auf S. typhimurium übertragen.
Pilze aus Pilzgärten von Atta insularis in Kuba
Authors: Kreisel H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOnly one fungus species develops in the fungus gardens of the leaf‐cutting ant Atta insularis in Cuba under the influence of the ants. This species equals the fungus described by MÖLLER and forms the characteristic ‘kohlrabi bodies’ composed of bromatia. The supposed perfect fructification ‘Rozites’ gongylophora MÖLLER, was not found. With regard of the very rare appearance of that basidiomycete and of the dubious generic position of it, the bromatia‐forming mycelium is described under the new name Attamyces bromatificus (Mycelia sterilia). In pure culture, Attamyces bromatificus does not form reproductive structures. In nature, probably, propagation of this fungus depends almost on the activity of the leaf‐cutting ants. Therefore, the fungus must be considered as a specialized ectosymbiontAttamyces bromatificus forms bromatia also in pure culture. Consequently, bromatia are not formed as a reaction to direct influence (by bite of by moistening with saliva) of antsIf the ants are eliminated from the fungus garden, in unsterile conditions, Attamyces bromatificus succumbs rapidly to the competition of unspecific soil fungi. Among others, a rapidly growing imperfect fungus, which represents a new genus and species described as Phialocladus zsoltii, develops frequently within 2–3 days; it corresponds to the ‘strong conidial form of Rozites gongylophora’ illustrated by MÖLLER and others. Simultaneously with the substitution of Attamyce by contaminants, the pH of the fungus substrate ascends from 5 to 6–8.
Co‐transduction mapping in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Stamminger Gudrun , Brendel M. , Kaplan R. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe linkage of 34 auxotrophic markers in strain HY of Serratia marcescens was studied by means of transductions with phages x and y. The markers could be ordered into 18 loci of different auxotrophies by transduction crosses with phage x (markers in trans‐position) 17 of which showed to be linked to at least one of the other loci. A linear map of this section of the genome was constructed. It corresponds well to the map of 8 loci derived from transductive crosses (markers in cis‐position) with phage y. Since a virion can transduce about 5 loci at the same time the map represents only a small section of the Serratia genome. No similarity to any part of the maps of Escherichia or Salmonella can be detected. It is discussed why most auxotrophic mutations which were induced by nitrosoguanidine map in this small genomic region.