bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1H‐HRMAS NMR study of smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Castejón David , Villa Palmira , Calvo Marta M. , Santa‐María Guillermo , Herraiz Marta , Herrera Antonio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHigh‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopic data of smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fully assigned by combination of one‐ and two‐dimensional‐HRMAS experiments. Complete representative spectra, obtained after few minutes of analysis time, revealed a large number of minor and major compounds in the sample. The methodology is limited by the low sensitivity of NMR, and therefore HRMAS only enables the determination of the most relevant components. These were fatty acids (FAs), carbohydrates, nucleoside derivatives, osmolytes, amino acids, dipeptides and organic acids. For the first time, spectra were resolved sufficiently to allow semiquantitative determination in intact muscle of the highly polyunsaturated FA 22:6 ω‐3. Additionally, the feasibility of 1H‐HRMAS NMR metabolite profiling was tested to identify some bioactive compounds during storage. This profiling was carried out by the non‐destructive and direct analysis (i.e. without requiring sample preparation and multiple step procedures) of intact salmon muscle. The proposed procedure can be applied to a large number of samples with high throughput due to the short time of analysis and quick evaluation of the data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety of nerve conduction studies in patients with peripheral intravenous lines
Authors: Mellion Michelle L. , Buxton Alfred E. , Iyer Venkat , Almahameed Soufian , Lorvidhaya Peem , Gilchrist James M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNerve conduction studies (NCS) may be deferred because of a perceived risk of cardiac arrhythmia in the presence of same‐limb peripheral intravenous lines. Patients with implanted pacemakers or defibrillators provide a model in whom this risk can be assessed. Twenty patients, seven with pacemakers and 13 with defibrillators, had peripheral intravenous lines placed during routine care and underwent NCS in the same limb. NCS were performed with the intravenous line clamped and then with saline open to gravity. The implanted cardiac device was interrogated before and after the study. During NCS the surface electrocardiogram and intracardiac electrograms were monitored continuously. Electrical impulses generated during routine NCS were never detected by the sensing amplifiers of the pacemakers/defibrillators and did not affect the programmed settings or interfere with pacing of the device. Routine NCS are safe in patients with same‐limb peripheral intravenous lines, even with saline open to gravity. Muscle Nerve 42:189–191, 2010
Attitudes and beliefs of occupational therapists participating in a cultural competency workshop
Authors: Steed Robin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the subjective experience of 13 white, female occupational therapists in Louisiana as they participated in a 6‐hour workshop on cultural competency. The study employed a mixed method design using qualitative data, obtained from structured reflection questions, and quantitative data, obtained from two objective outcome measures. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data regarding the participants' conflicting attitudes towards African American clients. Therapists believed that: (1) healthcare disparities are not due to racial discrimination; (2) therapists should listen to and educate African American clients; and (3) racial bias and stress contribute to health issues in African American clients. Results from the two outcome measures, the Racial Argument Scale and the Racial Attitude Implicit Association Test, indicate that overall, the study participants held significantly negative attitudes towards African Americans which was not ameliorated by the intervention.The small convenience sample in this study precludes generalization to a broader population, and further investigation into the attitudes of healthcare professionals in Louisiana is needed. Future instructional interventions should take into account the participants' developmental stage of cultural competence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria proteome differences disclose functional specializations in skeletal muscle
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Vitorino Rui , Alves Renato M. P. , Appell Hans Joachim , Powers Scott K. , Duarte José Alberto , Amado Francisco 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a highly specialized tissue that contains two distinct mitochondria subpopulations, the subsarcolemmal (SS) and the intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria. Although it is established that these mitochondrial subpopulations differ functionally in several ways, limited information exists about the proteomic differences underlying these functional differences. Therefore, the objective of this study was to biochemically characterize the SS and IMF mitochondria isolated from rat red gastrocnemius skeletal muscle. We separated the two mitochondrial subpopulations from skeletal muscle using a refined method that provides an excellent division of these unique mitochondrial subpopulations. Using proteomics of mitochondria and its subfractions (intermembrane space, matrix and inner membrane), a total of 325 distinct proteins were identified, most of which belong to the functional clusters of oxidative phosphorylation, metabolism and signal transduction. Although more gel spots were observed in SS mitochondria, 38 of the identified proteins were differentially expressed between the SS and IMF subpopulations. Compared to the SS mitochondrial, IMF mitochondria expressed a higher level of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation. This observation, coupled with the finding of a higher respiratory chain complex activity in IMF mitochondria, suggests a specialization of IMF mitochondria toward energy production for contractile activity.
Fabrication and Characterisation of Amine‐Rich Organic Thin Films: Focus on Stability
Authors: Ruiz Juan‐Carlos , St‐Georges‐Robillard Amélie , Thérésy Charles , Lerouge Sophie , Wertheimer Michael R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThin films, rich in primary amines (CNH2), were deposited from nitrogen (N2) or ammonia (NH3) and ethylene (C2H4) with different gas mixture ratios, R, using three different methods: atmospheric‐pressure‐ or low‐pressure plasma polymerisation (PP), and vacuum‐ultraviolet photo‐polymerisation. They are designated H‐plasma‐polymerised ethylene (PPE):N, L‐PPE:N and ultraviolet‐polyethylene (UV‐PE):N, respectively. Of interest in cell‐culture and tissue engineering, all three coating‐types were examined with regard to stability in air and solubility in water, compared with other deposits in the literature that were obtained from single precursors such as allylamine (AA) or n‐heptylamine (HA), PP‐AA and PP‐HA, respectively. The three types of deposits, prepared using comparable R values, were characterised by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and found to vary significantly among themselves in regard to their [N]‐ and [NH2] concentrations, and their chemical stabilities during long‐term exposures to air or aqueous solvents. UV‐PE:N and L‐PPE:N films were found to compare very favourably with their best PP‐AA and PP‐HA counterparts; we conclude that the additional important fabrication parameter (the gas mixture ratio, R) is a major asset for preparing stable NH2‐rich organic coatings with optimal properties.magnified image
Effects of Relaxed Modulus on the Structure Integrity of NEPE Propellant Grains during High Temperature Aging
Authors: Sui Xin , Wang Ningfei , Wan Qian , Bi Shihua 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellants were accelerated aged at 65, 70, and 75 °C, respectively. The dynamic mechanical properties of NEPE propellants were determined with the dynamic mechanical analysis method. The strength limit of NEPE propellants was tested by the uniaxial tension test. The relaxed modulus and strength limit both decreased. By calculating the structural integrity of NEPE grain, the effects of modulus changes on the structure integrity were analyzed. The results provide a reference for the life prediction of solid rocket motor containing an NEPE propellant.
Towards automatic computer‐aided knee surgery by innovative methods for processing the femur surface model
Authors: Cerveri Pietro , Marchente Mario , Bartels Ward , Corten Kristoff , Simon Jean‐Pierre , Manzotti Alfonso 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe femoral shaft (FDA) and transepicondylar (TA), anterior–posterior (WL) and posterior condylar (PCL) axes are fundamental quantities in planning knee arthroplasty surgery. As an alternative to the TA, we introduce the anatomical flexion axis (AFA). Obtaining such axes from image data without any manual supervision remains a practical objective. We propose a novel method that automatically computes the axes of the distal femur by processing the femur mesh surface.MethodsSurface data were processed by exploiting specific geometric, anatomical and functional properties. Robust ellipse fitting of the two‐dimensional (2D) condylar profiles was utilized to determine the AFA alternative to the TA. The repeatability of the method was tested upon 20 femur surfaces reconstructed from CT scans taken on cadavers.ResultsAt the highest surface resolutions, the relative median error in the direction of the FDA, AFA, PCL, WL and TA was < 0.50°, 1.20°, 1.0°, 1.30° and 1.50°, respectively. As expected, at the lowest surface resolution, the repeatability decreased to 1.20°, 2.70°, 3.30°, 3.0° and 4.70°, respectively. The computed directions of the FDA, PCL, WL and TA were in agreement (0.60°, 1.55°, 1.90°, 2.40°) with the corresponding reference parameters manually identified in the original CT images by medical experts and with the literature.ConclusionsThe proposed method proved that: (a) the AFA can be robustly computed by a geometrical analysis of the posterior profiles of the two condyles and can be considered a useful alternative to the TA; (b) higher surface resolutions leads to higher repeatability of all computed quantities; (c) the TA is less repeatable than the other axes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomegalovirus seroconversion rates and risk factors: implications for congenital CMV
Authors: Hyde Terri B. , Schmid D. Scott , Cannon Michael J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCongenital CMV infection is caused by in utero mother‐to‐fetus transmission and is a leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. The highest risk of disability is to children born to women who have a primary infection during pregnancy, which can be detected by measuring seroconversion. We reviewed studies that reported rates of CMV seroconversion in different populations. Among pregnant women, annual seroconversion rates typically ranged from 1 to 7% (summary annual rate = 2.3%, 95% CI = 2.1–2.4%). Healthcare workers, including those caring for infants and children, had seroconversion rates similar to pregnant women (summary annual rate = 2.3%, 95% CI = 1.9–2.9%). Among day‐care providers, seroconversion rates ranged from 0 to 12.5% (summary annual rate = 8.5%, 95% CI = 6.1–11.6%). Parents whose child was not shedding CMV were much less likely to seroconvert (summary annual rate = 2.1%, 95% CI = 0.3–6.8%) than were parents who had a child shedding CMV (summary annual rate = 24%, 95% CI = 18–30%). Nevertheless, over the course of a year, most parents exposed to a CMV‐shedding child do not become infected. Other groups with elevated risk included families with a CMV‐shedding member, female minority adolescents and women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. The relatively low rate of CMV seroconversion in most populations is encouraging for behavioural interventions and for vaccine strategies attempting to prevent infection during pregnancy. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a fish‐based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring riverine ecosystems in the Lake Victoria drainage Basin, Kenya
Authors: Raburu P. O. , Masese F. O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe long term monitoring of aquatic ecosystems based on chemical analysis is expensive resulting in a lack of time series data for management purposes thus necessitating the need for new cost effective methodologies. This study developed a fish‐based index of biotic integrity (FIBI) for monitoring environmental conditions in riverine ecosystems within the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. The fish fauna in the basin is poorly studied, less diverse and ecologically specialized than the temperate fauna that provided the origins of the Index of Biotic Integrity. Fish samples were collected by electrofishing from 24 sites during baseflow periods in February, March and July 2004. Validation data were collected from 7 sites with varying levels of degradation. Fish samples were identified, counted and grouped into different trophic groups, relative tolerance to pollution, habitat guild and whether exotic or native to riverine environment. Thirty‐three candidate metrics were evaluated for responsiveness to habitat quality and twelve were selected for inclusion in the final index. The index classified 6 of the 7 validation sites according to their levels of degradation. As a bioassessment tool, the index was useful in laying the basis for long‐term monitoring of rivers in the Lake Victoria drainage basin. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualizing and assessing discrimination in the logistic regression model
Authors: Royston Patrick , Altman Douglas G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLogistic regression models are widely used in medicine for predicting patient outcome (prognosis) and constructing diagnostic tests (diagnosis). Multivariable logistic models yield an (approximately) continuous risk score, a transformation of which gives the estimated event probability for an individual. A key aspect of model performance is discrimination, that is, the model's ability to distinguish between patients who have (or will have) an event of interest and those who do not (or will not). Graphical aids are important in understanding a logistic model. The receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve is familiar, but not necessarily easy to interpret. We advocate a simple graphic that provides further insight into discrimination, namely a histogram or dot plot of the risk score in the outcome groups. The most popular performance measure for the logistic model is the c‐index, numerically equivalent to the area under the ROC curve. We discuss the comparative merits of the c‐index and the (standardized) mean difference in risk score between the outcome groups. The latter statistic, sometimes known generically as the effect size, has been computed in slightly different ways by several different authors, including Glass, Cohen and Hedges. An alternative measure is the overlap between the distributions in the outcome groups, defined as the area under the minimum of the two density functions. The larger the overlap, the weaker the discrimination. Under certain assumptions about the distribution of the risk score, the c‐index, effect size and overlap are functionally related. We illustrate the ideas with simulated and real data sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General job performance of first‐line supervisors: the role of conscientiousness in determining its effects on subordinate exhaustion
Authors: Perry Sara Jansen , Rubino Cristina , Witt L. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn an integrated test of the job demands–resources model and trait activation theory, we predicted that the general job performance of employees who also hold supervisory roles may act as a demand to subordinates, depending on levels of subordinate conscientiousness. In a sample of 313 customer service call centre employees, we found that high‐conscientiousness individuals were more likely to experience emotional exhaustion, and low‐conscientiousness individuals were less likely as the general job performance of their supervisor improved. The results were curvilinear, such that high‐conscientiousness individuals' exhaustion levelled off with very high supervisor performance (two standard deviations above the mean), and low‐conscientiousness individuals' exhaustion levelled off as supervisor performance improved from moderate to high. These findings suggest high‐conscientiousness employees may efficiently handle demands presented by a low‐performing coworker who is their boss, but when performance expectations are high (i.e. high‐performing boss), these achievement‐oriented employees may direct their resources (i.e. energy and time) towards performance‐related efforts at the expense of their well‐being. Conversely, low‐conscientiousness employees suffer when paired with a low‐performing boss, but benefit from a supervisor who demonstrates at least moderate job performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of morphologically dominant follicles is associated with fewer metabolic disturbances in amenorrheic women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Lujan M. E. , Kepley A. L. , Chizen D. R. , Lehotay D. C. , Pierson R. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo determine if amenorrheic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) demonstrate ultrasonographically detectable changes in follicle population.MethodsSixteen women with PCOS reporting the absence of menses for more than 3 months were enrolled in the study. Subjects had a physical examination, fasting blood tests and two transvaginal ultrasound scans spaced 1 month apart. In cases where evidence of a morphologically dominant follicle (≥ 10 mm in diameter) occurred, subsequent ultrasound scans were performed to determine the fate of the dominant follicle. Differences in total follicle population, maximum follicle diameter and clinical, hormonal and metabolic features were determined.ResultsForty‐four percent of subjects showed changes in follicle population of 6–10 follicles and 37% showed changes in follicle population of > 10. Maximum follicle diameters ranged between 5.4 and 33.0 mm. Four subjects demonstrated follicle diameters ≥ 10 mm. Of those who developed dominant follicles, two subjects ovulated, one subject developed a persistent anovulatory follicle and the dominant follicle regressed in the remaining subject. Diagnostic criteria for PCOS were similar among women that did or did not develop dominant follicles (menstrual cycle length, P = 0.880; hirsutism score, P = 0.809; free androgen index, P = 0.991; total follicle count, P = 0.199). However, lower glycosylated hemoglobin (P = 0.047) and insulin levels (P = 0.049) and better insulin sensitivity (P = 0.048) were noted in women who attained dominant follicles.ConclusionAmenorrheic women with PCOS demonstrate changes in follicle population that are consistent with active follicle growth and regression despite prolonged periods of anovulation. Morphologic selection occurs in amenorrheic women and attainment of dominant follicles is associated with improved metabolic status. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of nano‐size SiO2 additive on the thermal behavior of cyanoacrylate nanocomposite
Authors: Yaghmaei Amir , Torbati Mehrdad Kashefi , Zebarjad Seyyed Mojtaba 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNowadays, solvent‐free, one‐part cyanoacrylate adhesive is widely used in medicine and dentistry. According to a literature survey done by the authors, there are few papers concentrated on the role of nano‐sized particles on the thermal behavior of cyanoacrylate glue. Thus the main goal of the current research focused on clarifying the role of nano‐sized SiO2 on the thermal behavior of cyanoacrylate. Thermal behavior of all materials including cyanoacrylate and its nanocomposites was studied by using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The results of DSC analysis showed that an increase in the amount of nano‐sized SiO2 results in decreases in the duration of cyanoacrylate curing, energy release during polymerization, and incubation time of polymerization. Furthermore, the results of TGA tests illustrated that the weight loss of cyanoacrylate strongly depends on the contents of both caffeine and SiO2. In fact, an increase in nano‐sized SiO2 content increases the degradation temperature of cyanoacrylate. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Current Outcomes of Simultaneous Carotid Endarterectomy and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in North America
Authors: Prasad Sunil M. , Li Shuang , Rankin J. Scott , O’Brien Sean M. , Gammie James S. , Puskas John D. , Shahian David M. , Chedrawy Edgar G. , Massad Malek G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveManagement of patients with concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease has been controversial. Divergent strategies have been employed, including simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and coronary bypass (SCC) versus various staged procedures. Although no strict comparison group is available, this study defines current outcomes of SCC, compared qualitatively to two reference categories.MethodsUtilizing the STS database from 2003 to 2007, patients who had SCC were compared with patients with cerebrovascular disease who had coronary bypass (CABG) with prior carotid endarterectomy (CEA), and those with carotid Doppler stenosis >75% and no carotid intervention. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics and operative mortality (OM), and a composite of neurological complications (NC) was assessed.ResultsOf 745,769 patients who underwent isolated CABG with/without CEA, 108,212 (14 %) had cerebrovascular disease. Of this group, 5,732 (5%) underwent SCC. The SCC group had more males and lower preoperative risk factors. After statistical adjustment for all baseline differences, SCC had clinically and statistically higher OM and NC compared with any of the reference groups, with 20–40% higher event risk.ConclusionsAlthough no quantitative control group exists for comparison, SCC as recently performed in North America has a high risk compared with any of the reference groups. Suboptimal results associated with the SCC strategy suggest a need for quality improvement and research on the optimal management of patients with simultaneous carotid and coronary disease.