bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Oxygen Vacancies in In2O3 with Enhanced Polysulfides Immobilization and Selective Catalytic Capability
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Huanhuan , Ji Jie , Liu Jingjie , Zhang Qing , Ma Shexia , Lu Jun , Bai Zhengyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is identified as an ideal candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems in consideration of its high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur resources. However, the shuttling behavior of soluble polysulfides (LiPSs) and their sluggish reaction kinetics severely limit the practical application of the current Li–S battery. In this work, a series of In2O3 nanocubes with different oxygen vacancy concentrations are designed and prepared via a facile self‐template method. The introduced oxygen vacancy on In2O3 can effectively rearrange the charge distribution and enhance sulfiphilic property. Moreover, the In2O3 with high oxygen vacancy concentration (H‐In2O3) can slightly slow down the solid–liquid conversion process and significantly accelerate the liquid–solid conversion process, thus reducing the accumulation of LiPSs in electrolyte and inhibiting the shuttle effect. Contributed by the unique selective catalytic capability, the prepared H‐In2O3 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance when used as sulfur host. For instance, a high reversible capacity of 609 mAh g−1 is obtained with only 0.044% capacity decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1.0 C. This work presents a typical example for designing advanced sulfur hosts, which is crucial for the commercialization of Li–S battery.
Achiral Solvent Inversed Helical Pathway and Cosolvent Controlled Excited‐State “Majority Rule” in Enantiomeric Dansulfonamide Assemblies
Authors: Wen Xin , Wang Fulin , Du Sifan , Jiang Yuqian , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAchiral solvents are commonly utilized to induce the self‐assembly of chiral molecules. This study demonstrates that achiral solvents can trigger helicity inversion in the assemblies of dansyl amphiphiles and control the excited‐state “majority rule” in assemblies composed of pure enantiomers, through variation of the cosolvent ratio. Specifically, enantiomers of dansyl amphiphiles self‐assemble into helical structures with opposite handedness in methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (MeCN), together with inversed circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. When a mixture of MeOH and MeCN is employed, the achiral cosolvents collectively affect the CPL of the assemblies in a way similar to that of “mixed enantiomers”. The dominant cosolvent governs the CPL signal. As the cosolvent composition shifts from pure MeCN to MeOH, the CPL signals undergo a significant inversion and amplification, with two maxima observed at ≈20% MeOH and 20% MeCN. This study deepens the comprehension of how achiral solvents modulate helical nanostructures and their excited‐state chiroptical properties.
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Thermoelectric Polymers Enabled by Incorporating Fused‐Ring Conjugated Breakers
Authors: Tseng Chi‐Chun , Wang Kuang‐Chieh , Lin Po‐Shen , Chang Chi , Yeh Li‐Lun , Tung Shih‐Huang , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Cheng Yen‐Ju 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile research on organic thermoelectric polymers is making significant progress in recent years, realization of a single polymer material possessing both thermoelectric properties and stretchability for the next generation of self‐powered wearable electronics is a challenging task and remains an area yet to be explored. A new molecular engineering concept of “conjugated breaker” is employed to impart stretchability to a highly crystalline diketopyrrolepyrrole (DPP)‐based polymer. A hexacyclic diindenothieno[2,3‐b]thiophene (DITT) unit, with two 4‐octyloxyphenyl groups substituted at the tetrahedral sp3‐carbon bridges, is selected to function as the conjugated breaker that can sterically hinder intermolecular packing to reduce polymers’ crystallinity. A series of donor–acceptor random copolymers is thus developed via polymerizing the crystalline DPP units with the DITT conjugated breakers. By controlling the monomeric DPP/DITT ratios, DITT30 reaches the optimal balance of crystalline/amorphous regions, exhibiting an exceptional power factor (PF) value up to 12.5 µW m−1 K−2 after FeCl3‐doping; while, simultaneously displaying the capability to withstand strains exceeding 100%. More significantly, the doped DITT30 film possesses excellent mechanical endurance, retaining 80% of its initial PF value after 200 cycles of stretching/releasing at a strain of 50%. This research marks a pioneering achievement in creating intrinsically stretchable polymers with exceptional thermoelectric properties.
Laser‐Printed Photoanode: Femtosecond Laser‐Induced Crystalline Phase Transformation of WO3 Nanorods for Space‐Efficient and Flexible Thin‐Film Solar Water‐Splitting Cells
Authors: Kim Hyeonwoo , Lee Jehoon , Kong Heejung , Park Taeuk , Kim Tae Sung , Yang Haechang , Yeo Junyeob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite its potential for clean hydrogen harvesting, photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting cells face challenges in commercialization, particularly related its harvesting performance and productivity at an industrial scale. Herein, a facile fabrication method of flexible thin‐film photoanode for PEC water‐splitting to overcome these limitations, based on laser processing technologies, is proposed. Laser‐induced graphene, a carbon structure produced through direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC), plays a dual role: a flexible and stable current collector and a substrate for the hydrothermal synthesis of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanorods (NRs). To facilitate water‐splitting, a femtosecond‐pulsed laser (fs laser) is focused on the WO3 NRs, converting their crystalline phase from pristine orthorhombic to monoclinic structure without thermal damage. With NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst, the flexible thin‐film photoanode exhibits good PEC performance (1.46 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE) and retains ≈90% of its performance after 3000 bending cycles. With its excellent mechanical properties, the flexible photoanode can be operated in various shapes with different curvatures, enabling space‐efficient PEC water‐splitting by loading larger photoanode within a given space. This study is expected to contribute to the advancement of large‐scale solar water‐splitting cells, introducing a new approach to enhance H2/O2 production and expand its application range.
Bioinspired Bone Seed 3D‐Printed Scaffold via Trapping Black Phosphorus Nanosheet for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Cai Zhengwei , Chen Zhijie , Tang Yuan , Cheng Liang , Qiu Minglong , Wang Ningtao , Jiang Wei , Li Zhanchun , Pereira Catarina Leite , Zhang Yunhai , Sarmento Bruno , Cui Wenguo 
Published: May 2024

Significance of endogenous mineralization in bone reconstruction is paramount, as it facilitates the accumulation of calcium ions for bone tissue deposition. However, conventional 3D‐printed scaffolds lack the capacity for calcium ion enrichment and mineralization, coupled with their low bone inductive activity. Inspired from the development of natural plant seeds, a biomimetic 3D printing scaffold is developed by implanting photosensitive black phosphorus “bone seeds” (BS), guiding a sequential process mirroring rooting (osteoblast recruitment), sprouting (fibrous callus mineralization), flowering (osseous callus formation), and fruiting (callus plasticity). BS were trapped onto porous 3D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with aminated surfaces via electrostatic interactions between phosphates and amino groups, creating the PCL‐BS scaffold that can actively capture calcium ions for accelerating the endogenous regeneration of critical bone defects. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the PCL‐BS scaffold has good biocompatibility and strong osteogenic ability for rapid new bone regeneration under near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation. In addition, whole transcriptome sequencing analysis is performed to reveal the transcriptomic mechanism of BS involved in signal transduction and network regulation during bone regeneration. This NIR light‐regulated biomimetic BS inspired by seed planting, introduces a pioneering concept in the design of 3D printing bone repair scaffolds.
Visualizing Electrochemical CO2 Conversion via the Emerging Scanning Electrochemical Microscope: Fundamentals, Applications and Perspectives
Authors: Yu Mulin , Sui Peng‐Fei , Tang Yu‐Feng , Zhang Tong , Liu Shuo , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li , Liu Subiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development and maturity of electrochemical CO2 conversion involving cathodic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), conventional ex situ characterizations gradually fall behind in detecting real‐time products distribution, tracking intermediates, and monitoring structural evolution, etc. Nevertheless, advanced in situ techniques, with intriguing merits like good reproducibility, facile operability, high sensitivity, and short response time, can realize in situ detection and recording of dynamic data, and observe materials structural evolution in real time. As an emerging visual technique, scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) presents local electrochemical signals on various materials surface through capturing micro‐current caused by reactants oxidation and reduction. Importantly, SECM holds particular potentials in visualizing reactive intermediates at active sites and obtaining instantaneous morphology evolution images to reveal the intrinsic reactivity of active sites. Therefore, this review focuses on SECM fundamentals and its specific applications toward CO2RR and OER, mainly including electrochemical behavior observation on local regions of various materials, target products and onset potentials identification in real‐time, reaction pathways clarification, reaction kinetics exploration under steady‐state conditions, electroactive materials screening and multi‐techniques coupling for a joint utilization. This review undoubtedly provides a leading guidance to extend various SECM applications to other energy‐related fields.
Web‐based e‐portfolios for oral health students’ competency assessment and professional development
Authors: Gallagher Des , Radif Mustafa , Zheng Meixun , Iyer Parvati 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study describes the 4‐year experience of a dental school in implementing web‐based e‐portfolios for competency assessment and professional development. We discuss our adaptable strategies and the lessons learned, hoping to contribute to the literature and offer guidance to other institutions considering the implementation of e‐portfolios.
Outcomes of patients with acute severe autoimmune hepatitis: Predictors of non‐response to corticosteroids and need for liver transplantation
Authors: Eshraghian Ahad , Taghavi Alireza , Nikeghbalian Saman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAcute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS‐AIH) is an evolving concept and the outcomes and optimal treatment have been less studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the outcomes of patients with AS‐AIH and predictors of non‐response to corticosteroid therapy and need for liver transplantation.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort, we included patients with AS‐AIH admitted to our liver center. We defined AS‐AIH based on the international autoimmune hepatitis group score as acute presentation of AIH with an international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.5 and without liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy. All patients received high dose corticosteroid therapy. Treatment response was defined as liver transplant free survival at 4 months after presentation. Factors associated with response to corticosteroids and survival of patients were studied.ResultsIn total, 61 patients with AS‐AIH were included. Forty‐seven patients responded to corticosteroid therapy. In the multivariate regression model, baseline INR (odds ratio [OR]: 0.184; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.048–0.699; p = 0.013) and delayed versus early initiation of corticosteroid (after vs. before 5 days of presentation) (OR: 0.189; 95% CI: 0.039–0.919; p = 0.039) were independent predictors of clinical non‐response to corticosteroid therapy. In the multivariable Cox regression model, baseline INR level (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.542; 95% CI: 1.188–5.440; p = 0.016) and delayed initiation of corticosteroids (HR: 3.578; 95% CI: 1.084–11.812; p = 0.036) were independent predictors of liver transplant free survival at 6 months after diagnosis.ConclusionDelayed initiation of corticosteroid therapy might be predictive of clinical non‐response to medical therapy and need for liver transplantation in patients with AS‐AIH.
Colonial erasures in gender and climate change solutions
Authors: Resurrección Bernadette P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite deliberate moves to integrate gender with climate change solutions, efforts do not go far enough to account for coloniality, thus falling short of achieving feminist, just and transformative ends. Coloniality is a political blind spot and a systematic amnesia in climate policies and actions, despite being a key driver of climate change manifested through various forms of extractivism, economic growth, and hegemonic Eurocentric knowledge production. As a corrective and a pathway toward realizing a post/decolonial feminist climate praxis, I will disclose the colonial underpinnings in (i) a persistent gender binary and women‐centered approaches; (ii) white feminist epistemic privileging; and (iii) acquiescing to masculine Enlightenment‐inspired techno‐managerialism. Furthermore, disclosures of colonial erasures entail a foundational re‐evaluation of the climate change narrative from an isolated form of natural crisis to a phenomenon embedded in complex histories of colonialism, extractivism, and capitalist exploitation that threatens the intrinsic interdependence of nature and society and planetary survival. As a result, a post/decolonial feminist climate praxis then asks that we foster and restore this interdependence by institutionalizing an ethics of socioecological care, acknowledging epistemic diversity through embodied knowledge, and carrying out intersectional justice.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
Climate and Development > Sustainability and Human Well‐Being
Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Rules and impacts of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay in the degradation of long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Singh Anand Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality‐control process that selectively degrades mRNAs having premature termination codon, upstream open reading frame, or unusually long 3′UTR. NMD detects such mRNAs and rapidly degrades them during initial rounds of translation in the eukaryotic cells. Since NMD is a translation‐dependent cytoplasmic mRNA surveillance process, the noncoding RNAs were initially believed to be NMD‐resistant. The sequence feature‐based analysis has revealed that many putative long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have short open reading frames, most of which have translation potential. Subsequent transcriptome‐based molecular studies showed an association of a large set of such putative lncRNAs with translating ribosomes, and some of them produce stable and functionally active micropeptides. The translationally active lncRNAs typically have relatively longer and unprotected 3′UTR, which can induce their NMD‐dependent degradation. This review defines the mechanism and regulation of NMD‐dependent degradation of lncRNAs and its impact on biological processes related to the functions of lncRNAs or their encoded micropeptides.This article is categorized under:
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Integrating worthiness with leader identity development for college students
Authors: Orsini Jonathan , Sunderman Hannah , McCain Kate D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile leader identity development (LID) and meaning making are interwoven and essential for student development, little research has explicitly explored their intersection. In this article, we briefly summarize the work of two research projects that explored the intersection of LID and meaning making, including a review of the findings that “worthiness” is a central component of the LID process among college students. Next, we propose an Input‐Process‐Worthiness‐Outcome model for LID that highlights the centrality of worthiness, conceptualizing inputs as developmental experiences; processes as meaning making, and outcomes as personal development. Finally, we close with a review of the scholarship behind the concept of worthiness and point out future research directions that require exploration regarding worthiness in LID, particularly among college students.
The early universe as an open quantum system: complexity and decoherence
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Brahma Suddhasattwa , Haque S.Shajidul , Lund Jacob S. , Paul Arpon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we extend previous results, demonstrating how complexity in an open quantum system can identify decoherence between two fields, even in the presence of an accelerating background. Using the curved-space Caldeira-Leggett two-field model in de Sitter as our toy model, we discover a distinctive feature, namely the appearance of a bump in the growth of complexity of purification, providing an alternative diagnostic for studying decoherence when the adiabatic perturbation is coupled to a heavy field. This paper initiates a new pathway to explore the features of quantum complexity in an accelerating background, thereby expanding our understanding of the evolution of primordial cosmological perturbations in the early universe.
Semi-inclusive single-jet production in DIS at next-to-leading order in the Color Glass Condensate
Authors: Caucal Paul , Ferrand Elouan , Salazar Farid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Within the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective field theory, we derive the next-to-leading order (NLO) cross-section for the single-jet semi-inclusive cross-section in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at small x, for both longitudinally and transversely polarized virtual photons. We provide analytic expressions, valid at finite Nc and suitable for numerical evaluation, for both the cross-section differential in rapidity and transverse momentum and the cross-section differential in rapidity only. Our NLO formulae demonstrate that the very forward rapidity regime is plagued by large double logarithmic corrections coming from phase space constraints on soft gluons close to the kinematic threshold for jet production. A joint resummation of small-x and threshold logarithms at single logarithmic accuracy is proposed to remedy the instability of the cross-section in this regime. By integrating over the single-jet phase space, we recover known results for the NLO DIS structure functions at small x, previously obtained using the optical theorem.
Wall-crossing effects on quiver BPS algebras
Authors: Galakhov Dmitry , Morozov Alexei , Tselousov Nikita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
BPS states in supersymmetric theories can admit additional algebro-geometric structures in their spectra, described as quiver Yangian algebras. Equivariant fixed points on the quiver variety are interpreted as vectors populating a representation module, and matrix elements for the generators are then defined as Duistermaat-Heckman integrals in the vicinity of these points. The well-known wall-crossing phenomena are that the fixed point spectrum establishes a dependence on the stability (Fayet-Illiopolous) parameters ζ, jumping abruptly across the walls of marginal stability, which divide the ζ-space into a collection of stability chambers — “phases” of the theory. The standard construction of the quiver Yangian algebra relies heavily on the molten crystal model, valid in a sole cyclic chamber where all the ζ-parameters have the same sign. We propose to lift this restriction and investigate the effects of the wall-crossing phenomena on the quiver Yangian algebra and its representations — starting with the example of affine super-Yangian $${\text{Y}}\left({\widehat{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}}}_{1\left|1\right.}\right)$$. In addition to the molten crystal construction more general atomic structures appear, in other non-cyclic phases (chambers of the ζ-space). We call them glasses and also divide in a few different classes. For some of the new phases we manage to associate an algebraic structure again as a representation of the same affine Yangian $${\text{Y}}\left({\widehat{\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}}}_{1\left|1\right.}\right)$$. This observation supports an earlier conjecture that the BPS algebraic structures can be considered as new wall-crossing invariants.
Sudden breakdown of effective field theory near cool Kerr-Newman black holes
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Kolanowski Maciej , Remmen Grant N. , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It was recently shown that (near-)extremal Kerr black holes are sensitive probes of small higher-derivative corrections to general relativity. In particular, these corrections produce diverging tidal forces on the horizon in the extremal limit. We show that adding a black hole charge makes this effect qualitatively stronger. Higher-derivative corrections to the Kerr-Newman solution produce tidal forces that scale inversely in the black hole temperature. We find that, unlike the Kerr case, for realistic values of the black hole charge large tidal forces can arise before quantum corrections due to the Schwarzian mode become important, so that the near-horizon behavior of the black hole is dictated by higher-derivative terms in the effective theory.
Thermal Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from the worldsheet
Authors: Halder Indranil , Jafferis Daniel L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We define and compute the leading sphere diagram contribution to the entropy of the BTZ black hole supported by Kalb-Ramond flux in bosonic string theory. In a winding condensate description, integrating exactly over the constant mode for the radial direction of AdS3 reduces the problem to one of the correlation functions of winding operators in the free theory. The volume of the residual PSL(2,ℂ) gauge group of the sphere is canceled by the action of conformal transformations on the winding interaction insertions. We formulate a precise version of the replica trick in terms of (infinitesimally) non-integer winding condensates to produce the entropy of the BTZ black hole. The resulting entropy can be calculated from the one-point function of a non-local operator on the worldsheet.
Higher-loop integrated negative geometries in ABJM
Authors: Lagares Martín , Zhang Shun-Qing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the three-dimensional $$\mathcal{N}$$ = 6 Chern-Simons matter (ABJM) theory, the integrand for the logarithm of the scattering amplitude admits a decomposition in terms of negative geometries, which implies that all the infrared divergences concentrate in the last loop integration. We compute the infrared-finite functions that arise from performing a three-loop integration over the four-loop integrand for the logarithm of the four-point amplitude, for which we use the method of differential equations. Our results provide a direct computation of the four-loop cusp anomalous dimension of the theory, in agreement with the current all-loop integrability-based proposal. We find an apparent simplicity in the leading singularities of the integrated results, provided one works in the frame in which the unintegrated loop variable goes to infinity. Finally, our results suggest an alternating sign pattern for the integrated negative geometries in the Euclidean region.