bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbivory and irradiance shape periphytic architecture in a Swiss alpine stream
Authors: Wellnitz Todd A. , Ward J.V. 
Published: June 2010

The effects of herbivory and light on epilithic periphyton from Minor Creek (2,200 m above sea level), a Swiss alpine stream, were examined by manipulating light intensity and the densities of two abundant grazers in stream‐side channels. We hypothesized that the high light intensities in Minor Creek (exceeding 2,000 μmol m−2 s−1 on the stream bed) would cause photoinhibiton and thus regulate algal composition and biomass accrual. After 18 d, full sunlight had negative effects on all measures of periphytic abundance in streamside channels. A five‐level light gradient experiment in Minor Creek corroborated these findings: full sunlight suppressed periphytic accumulation.To test the interactive effects of grazing and light, we used two herbivorous insects with distinctly different feeding structures. Ecdyonurus sp. (Heptageniidae) possesses brushing mouthparts; Drusus lateralis (Limnephilidae) has scraping mandibles. In accordance with a conceptual model that predicts algal physiognomy and herbivore feeding mode regulate algal susceptibility to grazing, we hypothesized that Ecdyonurus would primarily reduce physiognomies composing the periphytic overstory (e.g., stalked and filamentous algae), whereas Drusus would have greater access to understory physiognomies (e.g., prostrate forms). In addition, we hypothesized that tall physiognomies would be less abundant under full sunlight due to the exposure of the periphytic mat to photoinhibiting irradiance. Thus, we expected Ecdyonurus to have a smaller effect on periphyton at high light intensities.Light in channels did not directly modify grazing effects; however, the data suggest light intensity altered periphytic susceptibility to grazing. Channels receiving full sunlight had less periphyton, yet grazer weights did not differ between light treatments despite the fact that weight gain for each grazer was negatively correlated with conspecific biomass, implicating competition for limited periphytic food. Algal responses were most pronounced under grazing by Ecdyonurus, which was associated with decreases in the abundance of six of the seven algal physiognomies. Contrary to model predictions, Ecdyonurus reduced low‐lying as well as overstory physiognomies. Drusus, by contrast, was associated with reductions in only four physiognomies. Results from this study suggest that understanding periphytic community responses to grazing will require more sophisticated models of periphytic structure.
The attenuation of ultraviolet radiation in high dissolved organic carbon waters of wetlands and lakes on the northern Great Plains
Authors: Arts Michael T. , Robarts Richard D. , Kasai Fumie , Waiser Marley J. , Tumber Vijay P. , Plante Amanda J. , Rai Hakumat , de Lange Hendrika J. 
Published: June 2010

We used a scanning spectroradiometer to conduct underwater optical surveys of 44 waterbodies during the ice‐free seasons of three consecutive years in wetlands and lakes in central Saskatchewan, Canada. The waterbodies ranged widely in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration (4.1–156.2 mg L−1) and conductivity (270–74,300 mohms cm−1). Although penetration of UV radiation (UV‐R; 280–400 nm) in these systems was largely a function of DOC concentration, as has been reported previously, UV‐R penetrated more deeply in saline waterbodies than in freshwater systems with similar DOC concentrations. Power models representing our KdUV‐B or KdUV‐A versus DOC relationships were described by KdUV−B = 0.604DOC1.287 (r2 = 0.76, N = 23) and KdUV‐A = 0.428DOC1.136 (r2 = 0.55, N = 24) for freshwater systems and KdUV‐B = 2.207DOC0.732 (r2 = 0.40, N = 20) and KdUV‐A = 1.436DOC0.600 (r2 = 0.18, N = 20) for saline systems. Our data, when combined with data from other researchers, resulted in the more general freshwater models KdUV−B = 0.705DOC1.248 (r2 = 0.84, N = 43) and KdUV‐A = 0.470DOC1.112 (r2 = 0.70, N = 44).UV‐B radiation (280–320 nm) is not expected to penetrate deeply (typically <50 cm) in prairie lakes and wetlands because of high intrinsic DOC concentrations. However, the central plains are characteristically windy and this, coupled with the shallowness of many of these systems, suggests that biota may still be at risk from present‐day and future‐enhanced levels of UV‐B (which may result from ozone depletion). Moreover, this risk may be exacer‐bated in saline systems. This could be significant, especially because saline waterbodies are often highly productive and represent important North American staging areas for shorebirds and waterfowl.
The effects of light and nitrate levels on the relationship between nitrate reductase activity and 15NO3− uptake: Field observations in the East China Sea
Authors: Hung Chin‐Chang , Wong George T. F. , Liu Kon‐Kee , Fuh‐Kwo Shiah , Gwo‐Ching Gong 
Published: June 2010

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and 15NO3− uptake (NU) were determined in the East China Sea and the adjoining Kuroshio in May 1996, at six stations covering a range of hydrographic conditions: the nutrient‐rich and fresherplume of Changjiang Diluted Water along the Chinese coast, the nutrient‐rich upwelling Kuroshio Subsurface Water at the shelf edge northeast of Taiwan, the oligotrophic Kuroshio Surface Water and the mixing zones among these water masses on the shelf. The values of NRA in the surface mixed layer ranged between 16 and 0.1 nM‐N h−1, whereas those of NU ranged between 37 and 1 nM‐N h−1. Higher NRA and NU were found in the frontal zone between the coastal and shelf waters and in the upwelling zone, whereas the lowest values were found in the surface Kuroshio. The NRA/Chl a ratio increased linearly with increasing NU/primary production ratio in the sequence: Kuroshio, coastal plume, upwelling zone and mixing zones in the shelf. This is probably a reflection of the varying nutrient condition and the relative importance of NU in sustaining the biomass in these regions.In nitrate‐ and light‐replete waters, the average NU/NRA was 1.0 ± 0.3. NRA was linearly related to NU so that NU = 1.08 (± 0.07)NRA (r2 = 0.79). Thus, NRA may be used for estimating NU in these waters. In nitrate‐deficient and light‐replete waters, the average NU/NRA was 4 ± 4. These high and variable values of NU/NRA might have been caused by an over‐estimation of NU as a result of the stimulatory effect of the added 15NO3− on phytoplankton growth. Thus, NRA may be a more reliable indicator of the rate of 15NO3− uptake in oligotrophic waters. In nitrate‐replete and light‐deficient waters, NU did not correlate well with NRA. The average NU/NRA was 0.7 ± 0.7. These low and variable values of NU/NRA suggest a possible decoupling between NRA and NU.By using the relationship between NU and NRA in nitrate‐ and light‐replete waters and the depth‐integrated inventory of NRA in the photic zone at each station, NU in oligotrophic waters, the coastal plume, upwelling waters and shelf waters can be estimated to be 0.45, 1.55, 3.12, and 3.59 mg‐N m−2 h−1 respectively. These values fall well within the range of previously reported values in similar types of water.
On the dispersal of riverine colored dissolved organic matter over the West Florida Shelf
Authors: Del Castillo Carlos E. , Gilbes Fernando , Coble Paula G. , Müller‐Karger Frank E. 
Published: June 2010

We investigated the optical properties of surface water in areas of the West Florida Shelf influenced by riverine discharge and by the occurrence of a phytoplankton plume. Results of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses and determination of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration showed that the injection of riverine colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) strongly affected the optical properties and DOC concentrations over the shelf. Riverborne nutrients contributed to an increase in primary productivity. However, during the study period, the increase in primary productivity did not result in the production of significant amounts of CDOM.Fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that optical properties of riverine CDOM were lost close to the mouth of the rivers. A simple mathematical model describing mixing between riverine and marine end‐members demonstrated that most of the observed changes in optical properties of CDOM along salinity gradients can be explained by mixing. Laboratory mixing experiments between riverine water and seawater indicated that flocculation of organic matter during estuarine mixing did not affect the optical properties of CDOM. Remote‐sensing studies of the Gulf of Mexico using historical data from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner show a recurrent, seasonal chlorophyll bloom over the West Florida
Isolation of Nucleoli
Authors: Hacot Sabine , Coute Yohann , Belin Stéphane , Albaret Marie Alexandra , Mertani Hichem C. , Sanchez Jean‐Charles , Rosa‐Calatrava Manuel , Diaz Jean‐Jacques 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNucleoli are now recognized as multi‐functional nuclear domains involved in several fundamental cell processes such as ribosome biogenesis, regulation of the assembly of non‐ribosomal ribonucleoprotein complexes, tRNA maturation, sequestration of protein, viral infection, and cellular ageing. Extensive proteomic analyses of these nucleolar domains after their purification have contributed to the description of their multiple biological functions. Because nucleoli are the largest and densest nuclear structures, they are easily amenable to purification from nuclei of cultured animal cells using the protocol described in this unit. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 47:3.36.1‐3.36.10. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Silencing of Gene Expression in Cultured Cells Using Small Interfering RNAs
Authors: Sakurai Kumi , Chomchan Pritsana , Rossi John J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and related small RNA–mediated regulatory pathways has significantly altered the understanding of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. In the RNAi pathway, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) ∼21 to 23 nucleotides in length serve as the regulatory molecules that guide and induce sequence‐specific gene silencing. The use of siRNA‐mediated silencing as a tool for investigating gene function is well established in cultured mammalian cells. This unit provides basic approaches to explore the field of RNAi, and hopes to address the importance of optimizing transfection conditions after empirical determinations in order to understand various degrees of silencing efficiency. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 47:27.1.1‐27.1.28. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tailored cognitive–behavioral therapy and exercise training for high‐risk patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: van Koulil Saskia , van Lankveld Wim , Kraaimaat Floris W. , van Helmond Toon , Vedder Annemieke , van Hoorn Hanneke , Donders Rogier , de Jong Alphons J. L. , Haverman Joost F. , Korff Kurt‐Jan , van Riel Piet L. C. M. , Cats Hans A. , Evers Andrea W. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of patients with fibromyalgia (FM), a high‐prevalence chronic pain condition with a high impact on both patients and society, poses a great challenge to clinicians due to a lack of effective treatments. In view of the large individual variability in outcome, selecting patients at risk of long‐term dysfunction and offering tailored treatment may be promising for beneficial treatment effects.MethodsHigh‐risk patients were selected and classified into 2 groups (pain‐persistence and pain‐avoidance groups) and subsequently randomized in groups to either a treatment condition (TC) or a waiting list control condition (WLC). Treatment consisted of 16 sessions of cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) and exercise training in groups, tailored to the patient's specific cognitive–behavioral pattern, delivered within 10 weeks. Physical and psychological functioning and impact of FM were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 6‐month followup. Treatment effects were evaluated using a linear mixed model.ResultsThe treatment effects were significant for all primary outcomes, showing significant differences in physical (pain, fatigue, and functional disability) and psychological (negative mood and anxiety) functioning, and impact of FM for the TC in comparison with the WLC. Effect sizes in the TC were overall large, and reliable change indices indicated a clinically relevant improvement among the TC.ConclusionThe presented results demonstrate for the first time that tailored CBT and exercise training for high‐risk patients with FM is effective in improving short‐ and long‐term physical and psychological functioning, indicating that tailoring treatment is likely to promote beneficial outcomes in FM and reduce the burden for patients and society.
Mycophenolate mofetil: A possible therapeutic agent for children with juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Rouster‐Stevens Kelly A. , Morgan Gabrielle A. , Wang Deli , Pachman Lauren M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) diminishes skin and muscle disease activity in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM), thereby permitting a decrease in corticosteroid dose.MethodsA retrospective data review for 50 children with juvenile DM (mean ± SD age 12.2 ± 5.0 years) who had received MMF for 12 months identified the following characteristics: 38 (76%) were girls, 39 (78%) were white, 10 (20%) were Hispanic, and 1 (2%) was African American. The MMF dose and frequency, type of infection, white blood cell (WBC) count, corticosteroid dose, and the validated disease activity score (DAS) subscores for skin (DAS‐S) and muscle (DAS‐M) were obtained.ResultsTwelve months after the start of MMF, the mean ± SD DAS‐S decreased from 5.24 ± 0.29 to 3.72 ± 0.29 (P = 0.001), and the mean ± SD DAS‐M decreased from 2.44 ± 0.39 to 1.17 ± 0.28 (P = 0.002). The mean ± SD prednisone dosage decreased from 0.39 ± 0.06 to 0.23 ± 0.02 mg/kg/day (P = 0.0001), with resumption of linear growth (P = 0.008). The WBC/lymphocyte count was unchanged over the 12 months on MMF. The infection rate was assessed in a subset of 26 children with juvenile DM who were observed for 12 months before the start of MMF and then compared with the ensuing 12 months of MMF therapy. There was no significant difference between the pretreatment period and the first 6 months of MMF therapy (P = 0.44), but the infection rate decreased in months 7–12 (P = 0.001).ConclusionMMF appears to be worthy of consideration as an additional therapeutic modality for treatment of children with juvenile DM. These data suggest that the use of MMF decreases skin and muscle disease activity and is steroid sparing. MMF appears to be well tolerated, but patients should be monitored for infection.
Occupation and multiple myeloma: An occupation and industry analysis
Authors: Gold Laura S. , Milliken Kevin , Stewart Patricia , Purdue Mark , Severson Richard , Seixas Noah , Blair Aaron , Davis Scott , Hartge Patricia , De Roos Anneclaire J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with a poorly understood etiology. The purpose of our research was to examine the relationships between lifetime occupations and MM in a relatively large case–control study.MethodsMM cases (n = 180) were identified through cancer registries in the Seattle‐Puget Sound area and Detroit. Population‐based controls (n = 481) were identified using random digit dialing and Medicare and Medicaid Services files. In‐person interviews were conducted to ascertain occupational histories. Standard occupational classification (SOC) and standard industrial classification (SIC) codes were assigned to each job held by each participant. Unconditional logistic regression was used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between MM and having ever worked in each occupation/industry and according to duration of employment in an occupation/industry.ResultsThe risk of MM was associated with several manufacturing occupations and industries, including machine operators and tenders, not elsewhere classified (SOC 76) (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.0–3.3); textile, apparel, and furnishing machine operators and tenders (SOC 765) (OR = 6.0, CI = 1.7–21); and machinery manufacturing, except electrical (SIC 35) (OR = 3.3, CI = 1.7–6.7). Several service occupations and industries, such as food and beverage preparation (SOC 521) (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.1–3.8), were also associated with MM. One occupation that has been associated with MM in several previous studies, painters, paperhangers, and plasterers (SOC 644) was associated with a non‐significantly elevated risk (OR = 3.6, CI = 0.7–19).ConclusionsWe found associations between the risk of MM and employment in several manufacturing and service‐related occupations and industries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:768–779, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Pennsylvania certified safety committee program: An evaluation of participation and effects on work injury rates
Authors: Liu Hangsheng , Burns Rachel M. , Schaefer Agnes G. , Ruder Teague , Nelson Christopher , Haviland Amelia M. , Gray Wayne B. , Mendeloff John 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundSince 1994, Pennsylvania, like several other states, has provided a 5% discount on workers' compensation insurance premiums for firms with a certified joint labor management safety committee. This study explored the factors affecting program participation and evaluated the effect of this program on work injuries.MethodsUsing Pennsylvania unemployment insurance data (1996–2006), workers' compensation data (1998–2005), and the safety committee audit data (1999–2007), we conducted propensity score matching and regression analysis on the program's impact on injury rates.ResultsLarger firms, firms with higher injury rates, firms in high risk industries, and firms without labor unions were more likely to join the safety committee program and less likely to drop out of the program. The injury rates of participants did not decline more than the rates for non‐participants; however, rates at participant firms with good compliance dropped more than the rates at participant firms with poor compliance.ConclusionsFirm size and prior injury rates are key predictors of program participation. Firms that complied with the requirement to train their safety committee members did experience reductions in injuries, but non‐compliance with that and other requirements was so widespread that no overall impact of the program could be detected. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:780–791, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A structural equation model relating work stress, coping resource, and quality of life among chinese medical professionals
Authors: Wu Siying , Li Huangyuan , Zhu Wei , LI Jian , Wang Xiaorong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundWork stress and coping resource may contribute to the quality of life in medical professionals. This study is to determine the relationships among work stressor, personal strain, coping resource and the quality of life (QOL) and its two dimensions in medical professionals.MethodsThe Chinese version of Short Form‐36 Health Survey was used to measure QOL, the modified edition of the Occupational Stress Inventory was applied to evaluate the work stressor, personal strain and coping resources among 2,721 medical professionals. The structural equation model was established to assess the relationships among these variables.ResultsWork stressor and coping resources had both direct and indirect effects on QOL and its two dimensions, the indirect effects were mediated by personal strain. Personal strain had a negative direct effect on QOL and its two dimensions.ConclusionsThis study confirmed a complex relationship among these variables. Countermeasures targeting work stressor, reducing personal strain and strengthening coping resources are necessary in order to improve the QOL among medical professionals. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1170–1176, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case–control study of male germ cell tumors nested in a cohort of car‐manufacturing workers: Findings from the occupational history
Authors: Langner Ingo , Schmeißer Nils , Mester Birte , Behrens Thomas , Gottlieb Andrea , Ahrens Wolfgang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundTo examine whether the previously observed excess risk of male germ cell cancer in a cohort of car‐manufacturing workers can be attributed to occupational activities inside and/or outside the car industry.MethodsA nested case–control study among workers in six plants included 205 cases of germ cell cancer and 1,105 controls, individually matched by year of birth (±2 years). Job periods of the individual occupational histories were coded based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) and the industrial classification of economic activities (NACE). Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95%‐confidence intervals (CI) for ever‐never and cumulative employment were calculated by conditional multivariate logistic regression adjusted for cryptorchidism.ResultsSignificantly increased risks were observed for machinery fitters and assemblers (A) (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.25–2.53) and “workers not elsewhere classified” (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.27–3.54), but no trend was observed for employment duration in either occupational group. Stratification of job group A by metal‐cutting and non‐cutting jobs yielded ORs of 1.87 (95% CI 1.31–2.67) and of 1.24 (95% CI 0.68–2.28), respectively. Among “plumbers, welders, sheet & structural metal workers” (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.99–1.95) only “structural metal preparers and erectors” showed a substantially increased risk (OR = 2.30; 95% CI 1.27–4.27).ConclusionsOur results do not fully explain the increased incidence of germ cell cancer in the cohort, but support previous findings showing increased risks among metal workers. These risks were most strongly pronounced in metal‐cutting activities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1006–1018, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary 3D computed tomography study of the human maxillary sinus and nasal cavity
Authors: Butaric Lauren N. , McCarthy Robert C. , Broadfield Douglas C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDespite centuries of investigation, the function of the maxillary sinus (MS) and underlying patterns governing its form remain elusive. In this study, we articulate a methodology for collecting volumetric data for the MS and nasal cavity (NC) from computed tomography (CT) scans and report details for a small sample of 39 dried human crania of known ecogeographic provenience useful for assessing variation in MS size and shape. We use scaling analyses to preliminarily test the hypothesis that volumes of the nasal cavity (NCV) and maxillary sinus (MSV) are inversely correlated such that the NC covaries with size of the face, whereas the MS “fills in” the leftover space [proposed by Shea: Am J Phys Anthropol 47 (1977):289–300]. Against expectation, MSV is not significantly correlated with NCV or any cranial size variable. NCV, on the other hand, scales isometrically with facial size. The results of this pilot study suggest that NCV covaries with facial size, but that the MS does not simply fill in the leftover space in the face. The role, if any, of the MSs in midfacial function and architecture remains unclear. Larger sample sizes, additional environmental variables, and assessment of MS and NC shape are necessary to resolve this issue. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:426‐436, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.