bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Model for Gangrenous/Perforated Appendicitis Identification in Adults: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Liang Yun , Sailai Maimaitiaili , Ding Rui , Yimamu Baihitiyaer , kazi Tayierjiang , He Ming , Liu Zehui , Lin Junyu , Liu Yile , Deng Chaolun , Huang Jiangtao , Zhang Xingwei , Chen Zheng , Su Yonghui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Gangrenous or perforated appendicitis (GPA) is a severe form of appendicitis with a higher mortality rate than uncomplicated appendicitis. Accurate preoperative identification of GPA is crucial for timely surgical intervention.
Methods
This retrospective multicenter study included 796 patients who underwent appendectomy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to develop a nomogram model for predicting GPA based on laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) findings. The model was validated using an external dataset.
Results
Seven independent predictors were included in the nomogram: white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, D-dimer, serum glucose, albumin, maximum outer diameter of the appendix, and presence of appendiceal fecalith. The nomogram achieved good discrimination and calibration in both the training and testing sets. In the training set, the AUC was 0.806 (95%CI: 0.763–0.849), and the sensitivity and specificity were 82.1% and 66.9%, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good calibration (P = 0.7378). In the testing set, the AUC was 0.799 (95%CI: 0.741–0.856), and the sensitivity and specificity were 70.5% and 75.3%, respectively. Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.
Conclusions
The laboratory test-CT nomogram model can effectively identify GPA patients, aiding in surgical decision-making and improving patient outcomes.
Prognostic analysis of different pathological types of uterine sarcoma
Authors: Aziz Aziz ur Rehman , Yang Siyi , Yu Xiaohui , Wang Daqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
There is a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis of uterine sarcomas, which are rare and aggressive gynecologic malignancies. Therefore, the study aims to examine the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors associated with different histology types of uterine sarcomas.
Method
This study is a retrospective study. The clinical data of 80 patients (40 patients of uterine leiomyosarcom (ULMS) and 40 patients of endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS)) treated at Chunliu Hospital of Dalian Women and Children's Center (group) over the past ten years were collected. A follow-up was conducted for all patients. For revealing the prognostic factors for different pathological types, SPSS25.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data retrospectively.
Results
Among the ULMS patients, univariate analysis showed that the postmenopausal patients had poor survival results (P = 0.025). While the patients with lower tumor stage (P = 0.000), tumor size ≤ 5 cm (P = 0.012), Ki-67 expression ≤ 10% (P = 0.012), PR expression negative (P = 0.007) and without lymph node resection (P = 0.049) had better survival results. Among the ESS patients, univariate analysis showed that postmenopausal patients with a higher tumor stage (P = 0.026) and those with tumor > 5 cm (P = 0.007) had poorer survival results. Multivariate analysis showed that surgical stage and tumor size are independent prognostic and survival indicators for ULMS, while menopause is an independent prognostic and survival indicator for ESS.
Conclusion
Multiple factors can affect the prognosis of uterine sarcoma. However, tumor size, and tumor stage, are independent risk factors for ULMS and menopause status is an independent risk factor for ESS prognosis.
Widespread rock wall permafrost degradation in Greenland by the end of the 21st century under CMIP6 projections
Authors: Marcer Marco , Citterio Michele , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Permafrost in rock walls is a critical component of cold mountain environments, as it plays a crucial role in slope stability. Under warming climate, the interstitial ice in fractures and porosities thaws, compromising slope stability and inducing failures. Although in Greenland this phenomenon is known to have recently generated catastrophic landslides that have severely impacted the local community, there is currently no knowledge of its broad distribution nor of its response to climate projections. Here we model current and future rock wall permafrost extents in Greenland, using field data and CMIP6 projections under different scenarios. In the current climatic conditions, rock wall permafrost is widespread in the region, and 76% of the rockwalls are likely hosting permafrost. By the end of the 21st century, two dominant climatic trends—arctic amplification and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) weakening—emerge, shaping the future of rock wall permafrost in this region. While arctic amplification drives virtually certain degradation in northern sectors for all scenarios investigated, AMOC weakening poses varied impacts in southern sectors, including stationary conditions (possible) or cooling (very unlikely). Central West Greenland, a region known for landslide propensity, is very likely to experience substantial permafrost degradation. Overall, our findings suggest very likely degradation of rock wall permafrost across Greenland. We emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring and proactive protection of people and infrastructure from rising rockfall and landslide hazard, both in Greenland and across Arctic.
Identification of tumor stem cell regulatory genes related to prognosis of colon cancer by co expression analysis
Authors: Zeng Di , Wang Yaoqun , Li Bei , Cheng Nansheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Cancer stem cells play a key role in the progression and therapy resistance of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). In this study, we investigated and identified stem cell-regulated genes associated with COAD prognosis by co-expression network analysis.
Methods: R software was used to analyze the mRNA expression stemness index (mRNAsi) of COAD, and the differentially expressed genes were screened out to conduct weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Functional analysis and prognostic analysis were performed on the key modules and genes obtained from WGCNA. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognosis prediction model of COAD.
Result: The mRNAsi in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. The prognosis of patients in the high mRNAsi group was significantly better than that in the low mRNAsi group. Co-expression network analysis showed that the yellow module was significantly positively correlated with mRNAsi, while the brown and green modules were significantly negatively correlated with mRNAsi. We selected highly correlated genes from the three modules for survival analysis, and found that 20 genes were significantly correlated with patient prognosis. The above genes were included in a multivariate Cox regression analysis, and a risk prediction model consisting of eight genes was finally constructed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the accuracy and specificity of the prognosis prediction model were high (AUC=0.738).
Conclusion: The 8 prognostic tumor stem cell regulation-related genes identified in this study can be used as sensitive indicators to predict the prognosis of COAD.
Decision-Making for Patients with Permanent Mature Painful Vital Teeth: A Pilot Study in the Australian Public Dental System
Authors: Peters Christine , Alfaisal Yasmen , Peters Ove , Idris Ghassan , Zafar Sobia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The socio-economic status (SES) of patients influences dental treatment decisions.Aims To investigate the influence of patients’ demographics and SES on treatment choices for permanent mature teeth with painful pulpitis.Methods Records of adult patients who received dental care in public sector were categorised by treatment received (extraction, root canal treatments RCT, vital pulp therapies VPT). Patients age, gender and SES correlation with rendered treatments were investigated. Patients SES was determined using their postcode (SEIFA scores).Results Three groups of n = 25 patients per treatment were analysed. There was no significant correlation between patient age or gender and treatment performed (P = 0.250, P = 0.683) or patients SES and treatment type (P = 0.210). SEIFA scores were highest for VPT and lowest for extraction. Formal diagnosis was undocumented in 8% of VPT, 28% of RCT, and 64% of extraction cases. VPT was never offered in RCT or extraction groups. Pulp exposure guided VPT treatments, while patient preference drove half of RCT and extraction choices.Conclusions Patients age and gender did not affect treatment decisions. Socio-economic status may influence decision-making in permanent painful teeth. Service setting appeared to have a major impact. These findings are relevant for patients seeking treatment in public health systems.
Challenges and Solutions for Transitioning from Medical Residency to Job: the example of Iran
Authors: Rahimi Behrooz , Nemati Ali , Tadayon Behzad , Samadpour Mahmood , Biglarkhani Amin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Residency is a highly stressful and exhausting phase in the professional lives of physicians. Low income, high workload, and uncertainty about their career future can lead to lower job satisfaction among residents, and inadequate attention to this issue can have long-term negative effects on the quality and quantity of healthcare services provided. One of the solutions proposed in this regard is the transition from residency to a full-fledged job. This research explores the feasibility of this solution.
Methods
In this qualitative study, interviews were used to identify the challenges, facilitators, barriers, and solutions for transitioning from residency to a job. In the qualitative section, a total of 26 interviewees and for Delphi 17 expert were selected purposefully at three levels: macro (Ministry of Health), intermediate (university), and executive (hospital). The qualitative data were analyzed using a conceptual framework analysis, while the Delphi data were analyzed quantitatively.
Results
Based on the analysis of the qualitative results, 5 general themes with 13 main categories and 70 sub-categories were extracted as challenges, 2 general themes as facilitators, and barriers to the transition from residency to a job, and 8 main categories with 52 interventions were identified as solutions to overcome these barriers. In the Delphi stage, the number of proposed solutions reduced to 44 interventions. The most significant challenges identified in this study were high workload during residency, low income, career future challenges, welfare services, and educational and communication challenges.
Conclusion
The decrease in residents' willingness, along with the high work and financial pressures on them, poses a serious threat to the healthcare system that requires serious reforms. It appears that transitioning from residency to a full-fledged job can address a significant portion of the expressed needs. These reforms require serious determination and collaboration with sectors outside the healthcare system and should be carried out as part of the comprehensive national healthcare plan, taking into account the country's capabilities.
Construction and validation of a predictive model for the risk of rebleeding in patients with esophageal and gastric varices hemorrhage
Authors: Gao Wei , Huang Yushuang , Wang Ying-De 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Esophageal and gastric varices hemorrhage (EGVH) is a life-threatening condition with the 6-week mortality rate of 15-25%. Up to 60% of patients with EGVH may experience rebleeding with a mortality rate of 33%. The existing scoring systems, such as RS scoring system (Rockall score, RS) and GBS scoring system (Glasgow-Blatchford score, GBS), have limitations in predicting the risk of rebleeding. Our study was to construct and validate a novel predictive model for the risk of rebleeding in patients with EGVH, and to compare the predictive power of the predictive model with GBS and pRS.
Methods
Data of patients with EGVH was collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2016 to June 2020. Binary logistic and stepwise regression was performed to construct a predictive model. Compare the predictive power of the new predictive model with GBS and pRS scoring systems.
Results
Clinical data from a total of 265 patients with EGVH was collected. Six factorsincluding systolic blood pressure, transfusion requirement, CA199, platelet count, upper esophageal varices and severity of esophageal varices were included in our new predictive model. The AUCs of the specificity of the predictive model, GBS and pRS are 0.82, 0.60 and 0.56.
Conclusion
This study successfully constructed a predictive model for the risk of rebleeding in patients with EGVH. This predictive model demonstrated higher predictive ability than pRS and GBS scoring systems for assessing rebleeding risk in EGVH patients.
Estimation of lettuce shoot nitrogen via a portable spectrophotometer
Authors: Putti Fernando Ferrari , Guerrero Pedro Henrique Lupo , Barcellos Jéssica Pigatto Queiroz , Arruda Bruna , de Souza Angela Vacaro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Lettuce are vegetables with a high commercial value and a short cycle production, which requires precise managements to guarantee a profitable production. For this, the nutritional providing is an important factor, highlining the nitrogen, a macronutrient considered essential for the proper development of plants due to its participation in the composition of the main plant molecules, such as chlorophyll. In this sense, non-destructive strategies to monitor the balance nutrition is fundamental to avoid deficiency or excess of nutrients during the lettuce cycling, and the agriculture 4.0, brings to light new technological means to achieve this goal. This work aimed to verify the potential to use a portable spectrophotometer to estimate N shoot in lettuce, as a non-destructive, precise, quickly, cheap, waste free option to be operated by the lettuce farmers, on farm, for the N monitoring, based on the destructive laboratory analysis for N shoot and chlorophyll, and the widely used sensor chlorophyll meter (SPAD). For this, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with lettuce cropped under N levels input, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of the lettuce recommendation. The estimation for N in the lettuce shoot was performed by destructive analysis: i) shoot N; ii) chlorophyll and non-destructive analysis: iii) chlorophyll meter SPAD and iv) a portable spectrophotometer. Non-destructive measurements were performed 3 times at: 20, 23 and 26 days after transplanting (DAT). The lettuce harvest occurred 28 DAT, to determine N shoot uptake and chlorophyll, using a destructive way, and lettuce production. The estimation of N shoot in lettuce using the portable spectrophotometer showed a high correlation to the standard destructive laboratory analysis and the chlorophyll meter (SPAD), showing high explanation of the data and so a high potential to estimate N shoot in lettuce using the proposed portable spectrophotometer as an optimum non-destructive, precise, quickly, cheap, waste free option to be operated by the lettuce farmers, on farm, for the N monitoring.
Associations between Soft drinks intake and Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Cross-sectional Study among Chinese undergraduate female students
Authors: Wang Lijiao , Qiao Lingyan , Wen Shuo , Li Xinyuan , Maxwell Ahiafor , Guo Qiang , Lu Peng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common global health concern. However, limited studies explored the association between soft drinks intake and PD among female undergraduates in China.
Objective
To determine the association between soft drinks (carbonated soft drinks, etc.) as well coffee intake and the incidence/severity of PD among female undergraduates in China.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study among 1809 female undergraduates in China from September 29, 2020 to October 22, 2020. The demographic information and menstrual information of the participants were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and logistic regression test were used to investigate the association between soft drinks intake and the incidence/severity of PD. We also conducted stratification analysis among different locations ( rural or urban).
Results
The prevalence of PD was 47.1% (n = 852). There were 221 (25.9%) participants suffered from severe pain. In the participants with PD, the OR of carbonated soft drinks intake was 1.244 (95% CI = 1.010–1.533). Among the participants with PD from rural areas, the OR of carbonated soft drinks intake was 1.402 (95% CI = 1.045–1.881), compared with the non-carbonated soft drink group. In the participants with moderate and severe PD, the OR of coffee intake was 0.451 (95% CI = 0.228–0.892), compared with the non-coffee-drinking group. There was a significant association between carbonated soft drinks intake frequency and the severity of PD (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our study showed that carbonated soft drinks intake is a risk factor for PD, especially in participants from rural areas. Coffee intake is a protective factor for the severity of PD. Periodical awareness programs about adverse effects of excessive soft drink consumption should be introduced to reduce the prevalence and exacerbation of PD. Coffee intake might be helpful to relieve the severity of PD.
Altered Intramyocellular Lipids Use with Exercise in Males with Childhood-Onset Obesity
Authors: Santosa Sylvia , Feola Sarah , Al-Nabelsi Lyne , Tam Bjorn , Near Jamie , Morais Jose 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Compared to adulthood-onset obesity (AO), those with childhood-onset obesity (CO) are at greater risk of metabolic disease. However, the differences between these two obesity phenotypes are not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate how the age of obesity onset (CO vs. AO) affects the use of intramyocellular (IMCL) and extramyocellular (EMCL) lipids in response to exercise.
Methods
Males with CO (n = 5) and AO (n = 5) were recruited. At the first study visit, body composition was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured via indirect calorimetry. Participants were provided with standardized meals for 3 days prior to the exercise study visit. At the exercise study visit, IMCL and EMCL were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after 90-minute of moderate intensity cycling with indirect calorimetry.
Results
Substrate oxidation at rest and during exercise was not different between groups. Post-exercise, a decrease in IMCL was observed in the AO group that was not demonstrated in the CO group. There were no changes in EMCL post-exercise in either group.
Conclusions
This was the first study to compare the effects of exercise on IMCL and EMCL use in males with CO and AO. The decreases in IMCL of the AO group is similar with those observed in the literature in lean individuals. We made the novel observation that with moderate intensity cycling, males with CO do not appear to use IMCL as effectively as those with AO, suggesting perturbations in IMCL metabolism.
REST/NRSF preserves muscle stem cell identity and survival by repressing alternate cell fates
Authors: Soleimani Vahab , Sahinyan Korin , Blackburn Darren , Simon Marie-Michelle , Lazure Felicia , Kwan Tony , Wilson David , von Maltzahn Julia , Yamada Yasuhiro , Jahani-Asl Arezu , Bourque Guillaume , Rudnicki Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Cell fate and identity require timely activation of lineage-specific and concomitant repression of alternate-lineage genes. How this process is epigenetically encoded remains largely unknown. In skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the myogenic regulatory factors play key roles in sequential activation of the myogenic program, however, less is known about how suppression of alternate lineage genes contributes to this program. Here, we report that a significant number of non-lineage genes in MuSCs retain permissive chromatin marks yet are repressed transcriptionally. We show that the master epigenetic regulator, Repressor Element 1- Silencing Transcription factor (REST), also known as Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (NRSF), plays a key role in the repression of these non-muscle lineage genes and developmentally regulated genes. MuSCs lacking functional REST exhibit an altered epigenetic and transcriptional signature and impaired self-renewal. Consequently, MuSCs progressively enter cell death by apoptosis and the stem cell pool undergoes depletion. Skeletal muscle lacking REST shows impaired regeneration and display myofiber atrophy. Collectively, our data suggests that REST plays a key role in safeguarding muscle stem cell identity and survival by repressing multiple non-muscle lineage and developmentally regulated genes in adult mice.
Lateral cracks in soda-lime glass under the threshold load due to the interaction of indentations
Authors: Teles Vinícius Carvalho , de Oliveira Sonia Aparecida Goulart , Silva Washington Martins 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Indentation fracture is a commonly employed technique for investigating solids' material properties and response to indentation. Subsurface lateral cracks are related to the mass lost on materials presenting brittle behaviour, and these cracks are usually observed in indentation experiments performed above critical loads. In this study, five microindentations were superimposed to evaluate the formation of lateral cracks under low loads, lower than the critical load, on soda-lime glass. Experimental tests were carried out using a standard Vickers indenter for individual indentations, revealing that radial cracks appeared for indentation forces greater than 98 mN. In comparison, lateral cracks only manifested for indentation forces exceeding 980 mN. To further investigate this phenomenon, we performed superimposition tests, consisting of seven lines, each containing five indentations. The indentation load ranged from 200 mN to 1000 mN, with varying relative distances between indentations in subsequent lines, thereby controlling the superimposition index from − 200–90%. Our findings established a direct correlation between crack formation, the degree of superimposition, and the indentation load. A single indentation performed with a load below the critical threshold did not generate sufficient stress to initiate lateral crack formation. However, with the superimposition of indentations, the interaction of the residual stress field near the previous indentation imprints induced lateral cracks even with loads five times lower than the critical threshold. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanics involved in indentation-induced crack formation in brittle materials, with potential implications for material science and engineering applications.