bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary technologies, knowledge relatedness, and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Makri Marianna , Hitt Michael A. , Lane Peter J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrior research on M&As and invention outcomes has not systematically examined the influence of two types of knowledge differences. Knowledge relatedness has typically been equated with knowledge similarity and the separate influence of knowledge complementarity has been overlooked. Similarly, studies examining innovation outcomes of M&As have typically focused on the role of technological knowledge and overlooked the influence of scientific knowledge. We develop a model of relatedness and invention performance of high‐technology M&As that considers science and technology similarity and complementarity as important drivers of invention. We test the model using a sample of M&As from the drug, chemical, and electronics industries and a fine‐grained measure of knowledge relatedness that distinguishes between science and technology relatedness. We find that complementary scientific knowledge and complementary technological knowledge both contribute to post‐merger invention performance by stimulating higher quality and more novel inventions. This suggests that high‐technology firms seeking acquisitions should search for, identify, and acquire businesses that have scientific and technological knowledge that is complementary to their own. Our results also suggest that similarities in knowledge facilitate incremental renewal, while complementarities would make discontinuous strategic transformations more likely, and that absorptive capacity research should be expanded to consider complementarities as well as similarities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of GFP Under the Control of the RNA Helicase VASA Permits Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting Isolation of Human Primordial Germ Cells
Authors: Tilgner Katarzyna , Atkinson Stuart P. , Yung Sun , Golebiewska Anna , Stojkovic Miodrag , Moreno Ruben , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The isolation of significant numbers of human primordial germ cells at several developmental stages is important for investigations of the mechanisms by which they are able to undergo epigenetic reprogramming. Only small numbers of these cells can be obtained from embryos of appropriate developmental stages, so the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is essential to obtain sufficient numbers of primordial germ cells to permit epigenetic examination. Despite progress in the enrichment of human primordial germ cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), there is still no definitive marker of the germ cell phenotype. Expression of the widely conserved RNA helicase VASA is restricted to germline cells, but in contrast to species such as Mus musculus in which reporter constructs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a Vasa promoter have been developed, such reporter systems are lacking in human in vitro models. We report here the generation and characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines stably carrying a VASA-pEGFP-1 reporter construct that expresses GFP in a population of differentiating human embryonic stem cells that show expression of characteristic markers of primordial germ cells. This population shows a different pattern of chromatin modifications to those obtained by FACS enrichment of Stage Specific Antigen one expressing cells in our previous publication.
Heparan Sulfation–Dependent Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Maintains Embryonic Stem Cells Primed for Differentiation in a Heterogeneous State
Authors: Lanner Fredrik , Lee Kian Leong , Sohl Marcus , Holmborn Katarina , Yang Henry , Wilbertz Johannes , Poellinger Lorenz , Rossant Janet , Farnebo Filip 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells continuously decide whether to maintain pluripotency or differentiate. While exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor and BMP4 perpetuate a pluripotent state, less is known about the factors initiating differentiation. We show that heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are critical coreceptors for signals inducing ES cell differentiation. Genetic targeting of NDST1 and NDST2, two enzymes required for N-sulfation of proteoglycans, blocked differentiation. This phenotype was rescued by HS presented in trans or by soluble heparin. NaClO 3−, which reduces sulfation of proteoglycans, potently blocked differentiation of wild-type cells. Mechanistically, N-sulfation was identified to be critical for functional autocrine fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling. Microarray analysis identified the pluripotency maintaining transcription factors Nanog, KLF2/4/8, Tbx3, and Tcf3 to be negatively regulated, whereas markers of differentiation such as Gbx2, Dnmt3b, FGF5, and Brachyury were induced by sulfation-dependent FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling. We show that several of these genes are heterogeneously expressed in ES cells, and that targeting of heparan sulfation or FGFR-signaling facilitated a homogenous Nanog/KLF4/Tbx3 positive ES cell state. This finding suggests that the recently discovered heterogeneous state of ES cells is regulated by HS-dependent FGFR signaling. Similarly, culturing blastocysts with NaClO 3− eliminated GATA6-positive primitive endoderm progenitors generating a homogenous Nanog-positive inner cell mass. Functionally, reduction of sulfation robustly improved de novo ES cell derivation efficiency. We conclude that N-sulfated HS is required for FGF4 signaling to maintain ES cells primed for differentiation in a heterogeneous state. Inhibiting this pathway facilitates a more naïve ground state.
Quality of Life in Stoma Patients: Appropriate and Inappropriate Stoma Sites
Authors: Mahjoubi B. , Kiani Goodarzi K. , Mohammad‐Sadeghi H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the cross‐sectional study reported here was to compare the quality of life of patients with an appropriate stoma site and with that of patients with an inappropriate stoma site.Materials and methodsTwo groups of patients with permanent intestinal stomas were assessed, 174 patients with appropriate stoma sites and 174 patients with inappropriate stoma sites. We used the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and the EORTC QLQ‐CR38, which evaluate 26 quality of life (QoL) scales. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software.ResultsFrom a total of 9 functional scales, 3 scales in patients with an appropriate stoma site were significantly higher than in patients with an inappropriate stoma site: sexual enjoyment (71.2% vs. 63.2%; p = 0.02), physical functioning (74.3% vs. 68.2%; p = 0.005), and role functioning (74.3% vs. 64.4%; p < 0.0001). From the total of 16 symptom scales, patients with an inappropriate stoma site had significantly more problems than patients with an appropriate stoma site in 8 scales: micturation (27% vs. 22.5%; p = 0.04), gastrointestinal problems (32.6% vs. 27%; p = 0.01), weight loss (36.5% vs. 29.2%; p = 0.03), dyspnea (25.95% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.0001), pain (39.3% vs. 29.6%; p = 0.001), fatigue (43.5% vs. 34.5%; p < 0.0001), nausea and vomiting (18.15% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.03), and insomnia (39.8% vs. 31.1%; p = 0.01). Patients with an appropriate stoma site scored global QoL significantly higher than those with an inappropriate stoma site (56.2% vs. 49.7%; p = 0.007)ConclusionsA perfectly placed intestinal stoma is strongly related to good QoL for affected patients. From the total of 26 QoL scales assessed in the study, patients with appropriate stoma sites achieved better results in at least 50% of the scales.
Efficacy of Blebs Detection for Preventive Surgery in Children’s Idiopathic Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Nathan Nadia , Guilbert Julia , Larroquet Michèle , Lenoir Marion , Clement Annick , Epaud Ralph 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective, single‐center study was designed to assess our management strategy based on blebs detection on the initial CT scan.MethodsChildren younger than aged 18 years presenting with a primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) between 2000 and 2007 in a University Children’s Hospital (hospital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France) were included in this study.ResultsTwenty‐five children who presented with PSP were included. The mean age was 14.2 ± 1.9 years, and the sex ratio was 2.1. There was no significant difference between patients with or without blebs with regard to the anthropomorphic data or the side of the pneumothorax. Six patients had recurrence, which, in most cases, was a grade 1 pneumothorax. Fourteen (56%) children showed blebs on CT scan, which was ipsilateral or bilateral in 13 cases and contralateral in 1 case. Eleven of these children had surgery, and all the remaining patients (n = 3) had recurrence. All the patients, except one, presenting blebs on the preoperating CT scan, showed blebs on the subsequent surgery (predictive positive value = 92%), and the CT‐scan sensibility for blebs was 75%.ConclusionsIn children, blebs detection on CT scan has a good sensitivity and may be a useful tool to determine the indication of lung surgery to prevent PSP recurrence.
The Massachusetts Paper Money of 1690
Authors: Goldberg Dror 
Published: November 2009

Modern currency originates in the inconvertible, legal tender paper money that Massachusetts devised in 1690. The circumstances that led to its creation are more complex than the typical story of wartime specie shortage. Due to temporary political constraints of that turbulent period, the currency could be neither backed by land nor imposed on anyone, as was then standard. Instead, it had to be disguised from England as a simple, private-seeming IOU. By pleasing both its pay-demanding troops and England, the government maximized its probability of survival subject to the constraints.“Monetary innovation, the development of new forms of money, has not received much systematic study from economic historians.”1
Does regional pollen load affect the prevalence of clinical allergy to those pollen groups?
Authors: Can I H , İslam A , Karasoy D S , Samim E E 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:To test the association between clinical allergic sensitisation to pollens and the profile and load of those pollens, in Ankara, Turkey.Materials and methods:Forty-three patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were included. Clinical sensitisation to various pollens was compared with 10-year counts of the same pollens. The ratios of sensitisation to various pollen groups, and the association between clinical sensitisation and pollen load, were investigated.Results:Grass pollen allergy was the leading cause of seasonal allergic rhinitis, followed by tree pollen allergy. In Ankara, the most common type of airborne tree pollen was salicacea; however, the commonest clinical tree pollen allergies were due to the betulaceae and fagaceae families.Conclusions:Higher concentrations of airborne pollens may not always result in a higher prevalence of clinical allergy to those pollens.
Necrotising fasciitis complicating Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis in an adult
Authors: Chalmers C 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:To present the first reported case of Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis leading to necrotising fasciitis.Method:Case report and review of the literature regarding the association of necrotising fasciitis with Haemophilus influenzae infection and with epiglottitis.Case report:A previously well, 64-year-old woman presented with epiglottitis, and subsequently developed necrotising fasciitis of her chest wall. The cause of both infections was Haemophilus influenzae serotype b. This organism has frequently been implicated in epiglottitis, but has not previously been reported to cause simultaneous necrotising fasciitis. The patient became critically ill, requiring intensive care management, but following surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment she made a full recovery.Conclusion:Although increasingly uncommon, clinicians must continue to be proficient in the diagnosis and management of epiglottitis, and to be aware of its full range of possible complications. This case report highlights a previously unknown and potentially fatal complication of Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis.
Hyoid bone fracture identified only with nasal Valsalva manoeuvre
Authors: Spielmann P M , Hathorn I F , Clarke J K V , Denholm S 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective:We present two cases of a hyoid bone fracture identified through careful clinical examination with a Valsalva manoeuvre during nasendoscopy.Method:Case reports and review of the literature, with emphasis on technique during nasendoscopy.Results:The first patient had sustained a blow to the neck with a stick, six months prior to presentation with a globus sensation. External examination and standard nasendoscopy were unremarkable. The second patient had been struck across the neck by a wire whilst riding a motorbike at low speed. Endoscopy revealed swelling of the supraglottis. He recovered and was asymptomatic at review one month later. Computed tomography scans on both patients were unremarkable. During nasendoscopy, both patients were asked to forcibly expire with their mouths closed (the so-called nasal Valsalva manoeuvre), and the hyoid bone was seen to swing into view on the side where the first patient complained of symptoms, and in the second case where swelling had been noticed previously.Conclusion:We would not ordinarily have reached a diagnosis in these patients, as radiography and examination were otherwise unremarkable. The use of the nasal Valsalva manoeuvre during routine nasendoscopic examination is recommended, as unusual pathology may be demonstrated and the need for direct laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia may, in some instances, be avoided.
Péter Eötvös in conversation about ‘Three Sisters’
Authors: Willson Rachel Beckles 
Published: November 2009

ApologiaWhen Péter Eötvös was in Brussels in October 2000, conducting Janáćek's The Makropouhs Case at the Theatre de la Monnaie, I met him one morning to discuss his opera Three Sisters. The conversation, which took place in Hungarian and which I recorded, lasted for over 90 minutes.
Haflidi Hallgrímsson: A Personal Account
Authors: Mackay Neil 
Published: November 2009

The Icelandic composer Haflidi Hallgrímsson has lived in Edinburgh since 1977.Never to be forgotten: my first meeting with Haflidi Hallgrimsson's music. In 1987 at the Edinburgh Festival the astonishing Helsinki Junior Strings (astonishing because they execute each note as if their lives were at stake) with conductor Géza Silvay played Hallgrimsson's Daydreams in Numbers. Here was a unique aural imagination and intensity of transforming workmanship. Music which stretched its virtuosic young performers to their limits but which was immediately accessible. Physically exciting music, incorporating folkloric elements yet entirely unnostalgic: purged, unsentimental, full of Northern lights and colours of all temperatures. The lullaby was sung at the glacier, the winged horse rose from the sea. These pieces breathed the fresh ‘air of other planets’. They moved in fluid dreamtime: utterly strange, entirely new, yet paradoxically familiar and friendly.
The Separation of Traffic at Sea
Authors: Richey M. W. 
Published: November 2009

This report was first published in the Journal in 1966 (Vol. 19, p. 411). In its reprinted form it has been abridged by omitting detailed recommendations for the establishment of separation areas and recommended routes in the Baltic, the North Sea, the Dover Strait, and the English Channel to Gibraltar. These recommendations were included in the original section 7. The report is followed by comments from Norman Cockcroft.In 1961 the Institutes of Navigation in Great Britain and France, with the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Ortung und Navigation, formed a representative Working Group to go into the question of regulating traffic in converging areas at sea with particular reference to the Dover Strait. The Group's Report, which was published in October 1962, made certain proposals for routing traffic in the area which were accepted, in April 1964, by the Maritime Safety Committee of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization.
Navigation and Strategy in Ocean Racing
Authors: Illingworth J. H. 
Published: November 2009

This paper was originally published in Vol. 34 of the Journal (p. 286). In its reprinted form, it has been reduced in length by Robin Payne. It is followed by comments from Stuart Quarrie.Captain Illingworth's paper was read to an Ordinary Meeting of the Institute held at the Royal Geographical Society on 17 March 1950. Introducing the speaker, the chairman, Captain G. C. Saul, said that Captain Illingworth's name was familiar to anyone who had had any connection with ocean racing, and to most people who were interested in sailing. He was Commodore of the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) and of the Royal Naval Sailing Association, and was a member of the Council of the Yacht Racing Association.He had had many years' experience of long distance racing and had won his first championship in 1929. In 194; he had won the Sydney—Hobart race in Rani and in 1947 won the Fastnet and the Channel Race in Myth of Malham (Fig. 1). In 1948 he took part in the Bermuda race in Myth of Malham and then sailed back across the Atlantic to compete in the Santander and Belle He races. In the latter race he beat the whole ocean racing fleet boat for boat. In 1949 he again won the Fastnet Cup and also won the points championship over the whole season.
The Display and Use of Navigational Intelligence
Authors: Majendie A. M. A. 
Published: November 2009

This paper was the second Presidential Address given by Captain Majendie. It was first published in the Journal in 1958 (Vol. 11, p. 1). It is followed by comments from David Hopkin. For reasons of space, Captain Majendie's paper has been slightly abridged, mainly by omitting a section on the provision of monitoring intelligence.I have chosen the title of this paper ‘The Display and Use of Navigational Intelligence’, as I believe that our major problems in the future are likely to be as much concerned with the presentation and the use of data, as with its provision.
Non-military Navigation by Satellites
Authors: Moody Alton B. 
Published: November 2009

This paper was first published in the Journal in 1963 (Vol. 16, p. 9). It is followed by comments from Brian Kendal.The Transit satellite navigation system, scheduled to become operational in the near future, has been publicized sufficiently for its main features to be rather well known. The excellent article by Dr. R. B. Kershner and Dr. R. R. Newton in the April 1962 issue of this Journal provides a particularly thorough description of the system. In the same issue, Dr. H. C. Freiesleben gives a clear summary of the principal alternative solutions to the navigation satellite problem.
Integrated Navigation under the Sea
Authors: Cardew Marcus St Erme 
Published: November 2009

Since the large-scale development of offshore oil installations started in the 1970s the requirements for navigating men and machines around structures and on the sea bed have increased dramatically.The earliest forms of navigation were by tracking with fish-finding sonar, either directly or with the aid of an acoustic transponder. The sonar would usually be fitted to a surface craft, whose position was found by using one of the commercial navigation systems such as HIFIX. The range and bearing of the object being tracked was then applied to this position. Most of this work was done by hand and the position up-date rate was of the order of minutes. The error of position was the sum of the surface system and tracking system errors and was of the order of at least 10 m.
A Sideways-looking Towed Depth-measuring System
Authors: Cloet R. L. , Hurst S. L. , Edwards C. R. , Phillips P. S. , Duncan A. J. 
Published: November 2009

A swath sounding system is under development which is capable of being towed from ships of opportunity. The principle on which it is based is an acoustic interferometer to which a vernier has been added to resolve the ambiguity of phase ramp identification. The ‘fish’ is equipped with both rotational and translational attitude sensors, though no attempt is made to stabilize it. This is in the interest of size and hence of both instrumental and deployment economy.The paper, which was presented at Oceanology International 1982 at Brighton, proposes a novel method to permit replication of the swath depth measurements, and also to provide an independent means of ground scale correction, which may obviate the need to deploy a positioning network for deep-water high-resolution swath surveys.
Shipping and the European Environment
Authors: Bièvre Aline De 
Published: November 2009

In December 1981 the European Environmental Bureau (EEB) published a Memorandum on Shipping and the Environment, of which the following is a condensed version. Prior to publication, the Memorandum was favourably discussed at a one-day EEB Workshop on Shipping and the Environment, held in London, on 23 October 1981, and attended by representatives of the European Commission, the Marine Environment and Maritime Safety Divisions of the International Maritime Organization and shipping interests. The EEB is an independent, international liaison body which coordinates the activities of some sixty non-governmental environmental organizations operating in all the member States of the European Economic Community (EEC).The EEB Memorandum intends to put into perspective various recent initiatives by the European Commission aimed at curbing pollution of the sea by ships, as well as improving maritime safety. These initiatives concern the development of a Community information system for marine oil pollution prevention and abatement, together with an advisory committee; the establishment of Port State control; and the adoption of a concerted action project on shore-based maritime navigation aid systems through European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical research (the so-called COST-301 project).After examining the complementary roles of worldwide and regional arrangements for maritime safety and the prevention of vessel-source pollution, and in particular the distinct but related functions of IMO and EEC in this regard, the EEB Memorandum indicates two major aspects of ship safety and pollution control: the inspection of vessels in port, to ensure compliance with generally agreed safety standards, and offshore vessel traffic management in areas of safety and pollution hazard.
The Development of Electronic Navigation Systems
Authors: O'Sullivan J. P. 
Published: November 2009

This paper, which reviews briefly the development of modern maritime electronic navigation aids, was presented at a meeting of the Scottish Branch of the Institute held in Edinburgh on 7 October 1981.The electronic navigation systems dealt with in this paper are the principal position-fixing aids and the somewhat related computer radar data-processing equipment or Collision Avoidance Systems, inasmuch as these envelop a navigational task. The survey will thus embrace the principal hyperbolic aids – Decca Main Chain and Loran-C; the artificial satellite navigation systems – TRANSIT SATELLITE and NAVSTAR, the Global Positioning System; and the navigational role of collision avoidance systems.