bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mulching, Tillage and Rotation on Yield in Non‐flooded Compared with Flooded Rice Production
Authors: Qin J. , Hu F. , Li D. , Li H. , Lu J. , Yu R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNon‐flooded rice cultivation has been proven to be an effective measure to reduce water consumption in drought areas of Southeast China. However, rice cultivation under non‐flooded conditions leads to less stable productivity and lower grain yield. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare crop performance and yields among flooded and non‐flooded rice over several seasons, (2) to identify the yield performed in non‐flooded rice systems over seasons and whether the options which included no‐tillage, straw mulching and wet‐dry rotation system can narrow the grain yield gap between non‐flooded and traditional flooded condition. The results showed the difference between flooded rice (F) and non‐flooded rice (NF) with straw mulching was much lower than the difference between F and NF without straw mulching. Within late seasons, the difference of aboveground total biomass between non‐flooded rice without mulching and flooded rice gradually widened as the number of cropping seasons increased. Compared with the non‐flooded rice without mulching, straw mulching can reduce the decline of aboveground total biomass and grain yield. The yield difference between F and NF treatments became smaller in no‐tillage plots than complete tillage plots. It suggested that no‐tillage can keep the crop production more stable. In comparison with continuously non‐flooded cultivation, our study indicated that the wet‐dry rotation system can reduce the yield decline under non‐flooded condition.
Changes in Hormonal Balance: A Possible Mechanism of Pre‐Sowing Chilling‐Induced Salt Tolerance in Spring Wheat
Authors: Iqbal M. , Ashraf M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThere is a lack of knowledge about factors contributing to the chilling‐induced alleviatory effects on growth of plants under salt stress. Thus, the primary objective of the study was to determine whether chilling‐induced changes in endogenous hormones, ionic partitioning within shoots and roots and/or gaseous exchange characteristics is involved in salt tolerance of two genetically diverses of wheat crops. For this purpose, the seeds of two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, MH‐97 (salt intolerant) and Inqlab‐91 (salt tolerant) were chilled at 3°C for 2 weeks. The chilled, hydroprimed and non‐primed (control) seeds of the two wheat cultivars were sown in both Petri dishes in a growth room and in the field after treatment with 15 dS m−1 NaCl salinity. Chilling was very effective in increasing germination rate and subsequent growth when compared with hydropriming and control under salt stress. Results from field experiments clearly indicated the efficacy of chilling over hydropriming in improving shoot dry biomass and grain yield in either cultivar, particularly under salt stress. This increase in growth and yield was related to increased net photosynthetic rate, greater potential to uptake and accumulate the beneficial mineral elements (K+ and Ca2+) in the roots and reduced uptake and accumulation of toxic mineral element (Na+) in the shoots of both wheat cultivars when grown under salt stress. Salt‐stressed plants of both wheat cultivars raised from chilled seed had greater concentrations of indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid and spermine when compared with hydropriming and control. Therefore, induction of salt tolerance by pre‐sowing chilling treatment in wheat could be attributed to its beneficial effects on ionic homeostasis and hormonal balance. The results presented are also helpful to understand the chilling‐induced cross adaptation of plants in natural environments. Moreover, efficacy of pre‐sowing chilling treatment over hydropriming suggested its commercial utilization as a low risk priming treatment for better wheat crop production under stressful environments.
Interaction of hydrogen sulfide with ion channels
Authors: Tang Guanghua , Wu Lingyun , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signalling gasotransmitter. It targets different ion channels and receptors, and fulfils its various roles in modulating the functions of different systems. However, the interaction of H2S with different types of ion channels and underlying molecular mechanisms has not been reviewed systematically.2. H2S is the first identified endogenous gaseous opener of ATP‐sensitive K+channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Through the activation of ATP‐sensitive K+channels, H2S lowers blood pressure, protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury, inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells, and exerts anti‐inflammatory, anti‐nociceptive and anti‐apoptotic effects.3. H2S inhibited L‐type Ca2+channels in cardiomyocytes but stimulated the same channels in neurons, thus regulating intracellular Ca2+levels. H2S activated small and medium conductance KCachannels but its effect on BKCachannels has not been consistent.4. H2S‐induced hyperalgesia and pro‐nociception seems to be related to the sensitization of both T‐type Ca2+channels and TRPV1channels. The activation of TRPV1and TRPA1by H2S is believed to result in contraction of nonvascular smooth muscles and increased colonic mucosal Cl−secretion.5. The activation of Cl−channel by H2S has been shown as a protective mechanism for neurons from oxytosis. H2S also potentiatesN‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid receptor‐mediated currents that are involved in regulating synaptic plasticity for learning and memory.6. Given the important modulatory effects of H2S on different ion channels, many cellular functions and disease conditions related to homeostatic control of ion fluxes across cell membrane should be re‐evaluated.
High glucose induces apoptosis in AC16 human cardiomyocytes via macrophage migration inhibitory factor and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase
Authors: Liang Jia‐Liang , Xiao Ding‐Zhang , Liu Xiao‐Ying , Lin Qiu‐Xiong , Shan Zhi‐Xin , Zhu Jie‐Ning , Lin Shu‐Guang , Yu Xi‐Yong 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. It is known that high glucose can induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may be involved in the development of diabetes. However, the relationship between high glucose and MIF in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear.2. In the present study, AC16 human cardiomyocytes were cultured in the presence of 25 mmol/L glucose for 20, 30 and 60 min before being subjected to western blot analyses to determine MIF expression and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation. In addition, AC16 cells were pretreated with 2.5 μmol/L SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), 40 μmol/L (s,r)‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐5‐isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO‐1; an MIF antagonist) or 0.1% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO; vehicle) for 1 h prior to exposure to 25 mmol/L glucose and culture for 72 h, followed by annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis. Caspase 3 activity and phosphorylation of JNK were also analysed by western blotting.3. The high concentration of glucose increased expression of endogenous MIF and JNK phosphorylation in AC16 cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment of cells with SP600125 and ISO‐1 reduced glucose‐induced apoptosis and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, JNK phosphorylation was attenuated by inhibition of endogenous MIF.4. In conclusion, myocardial cell apoptosis induced by high glucose involves the overexpression of MIF and activation of the JNK signalling pathway. The identification of a high glucose–MIF–JNK pathway will help determine potential new targets in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Adenosine A1and A2Areceptors are not upstream of caffeine’s dopamine D2receptor‐dependent aversive effects and dopamine‐independent rewarding effects
Authors: Sturgess Jessica E. , Ting‐A‐Kee Ryan A. , Podbielski Dominik , Sellings Laurie H. L. , Chen Jiang‐Fan , Van Der Kooy Derek 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCaffeine is widely consumed throughout the world, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying its rewarding and aversive properties. We show that pharmacological antagonism of dopamine not only blocks conditioned place aversion to caffeine, but also reveals dopamine blockade‐induced conditioned place preferences. These aversive effects are mediated by the dopamine D2receptor, as knockout mice showed conditioned place preferences in response to doses of caffeine that C57Bl/6 mice found aversive. Furthermore, these aversive responses appear to be centrally mediated, as a quaternary analog of caffeine failed to produce conditioned place aversion. Although the adenosine A2Areceptor is important for caffeine’s physiological effects, this receptor seems only to modulate the appetitive and aversive effects of caffeine. A2Areceptor knockout mice showed stronger dopamine‐dependent aversive responses to caffeine than did C57Bl/6 mice, which partially obscured the dopamine‐independent and A2Areceptor‐independent preferences. Additionally, the A1receptor, alone or in combination with the A2Areceptor, does not seem to be important for caffeine’s rewarding or aversive effects. Finally, excitotoxic lesions of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus revealed that this brain region is not involved in dopamine blockade‐induced caffeine reward. These data provide surprising new information on the mechanism of action of caffeine, indicating that adenosine receptors do not mediate caffeine’s appetitive and aversive effects. We show that caffeine has an atypical reward mechanism, independent of the dopaminergic system and the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus, and provide additional evidence in support of a role for the dopaminergic system in aversive learning.
The metavirome of a hypersaline environment
Authors: Santos Fernando , Yarza Pablo , Parro Víctor , Briones Carlos , Antón Josefa 
Published: June 2010

SummaryHypersaline environments harbour the highest number of virus‐like particles reported for planktonic systems. However, very little is known about the genomic diversity of these virus assemblages since most of the knowledge on halophages is based on the analysis of a few isolates infecting strains of hyperhalophilic Archaea that may not be representatives of the natural microbiota. Here, we report the characterization, through a metagenomic approach, of the viral assemblage inhabiting a crystallizer pond (CR30) from a multi‐pond solar saltern in Santa Pola (SE Spain). A total of 1.35 Mbp were cloned that yielded a total of 620 kb sequenced viral DNA. The metavirome was highly diverse and different from virus communities of marine and other aquatic environments although it showed some similarities with metaviromes from high‐salt ponds in solar salterns in San Diego (SW USA), indicating some common traits between high‐salt viromes. A high degree of diversity was found in the halophages as revealed by the presence of 2479 polymorphic nucleotides. Dinucleotide frequency analysis of the CR30 metavirome showed a good correlation with GC content and enabled the establishment of different groups, and even the assignment of their putative hosts: the archaeon Haloquadratum walsbyi and the bacterium Salinibacter ruber.
Immunophenotyping of inflammatory cells in subacute prurigo
Authors: Gambichler T , Skrygan M , Werries A , Scola N , Stücker M , Altmeyer P , Kreuter A 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground  Subacute prurigo (SP) is a relatively common disease of papular cutaneous lesions that itch intensely. However, there is a lack of systematic clinical and histological studies on SP.Objectives  We aimed to immunophenotype inflammatory cells in SP using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.Methods  Lesional and non‐lesional skin of 21 patients with SP was investigated. Immunohistochemical staining for CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD15, CD34, CD68, and anti‐human tryptase (AHT) was performed. In order to evaluate the absolute counts and percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of SP patients, flow cytometric methods were used.Results  Compared to non‐lesional skin, there was a significant increase of the median percentage of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in the lesional dermis (12.6% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.044; 0.8% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.016; and 1% vs. 15.6%, P = 0.0039, respectively). The mean ± SD CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.58 ± 0.6. Median percentage of CD15+ cells was significantly increased in lesional skin as compared to non‐lesional skin (11.7 vs. 1%, P = 0.027). Median percentage immunoreactivity of CD68+ cells was significantly increased in lesional dermis as compared to non‐lesional skin (32.5% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.0005). CD1a, CD34, and AHT positive cells did not significantly differ between lesional and non‐lesional skin. T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of SP patients did not show significant pathologies.Conclusions  We observed that the inflammatory cell infiltrate in SP mainly consists of T lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ cells, CD15+ neutrophils, and CD68+ macrophages.
Treatment of advanced dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with imatinib mesylate with or without surgical resection
Authors: Rutkowski P , Dębiec‐Rychter M , Nowecki ZI , Michej W , Symonides M , Ptaszynski K , Ruka W 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma of the skin characterized by the presence of specific COL1A1–PDGFB fusion protein, which appears as a consequence of the t(17;22) (q22;q13) translocation.Objective The aim of the study was to perform an analysis of patients with advanced DFSP treated with imatinib, with or without surgery, in clinical practice outside trials.Patients and Methods We analysed the data of 15 patients (6 male, 9 female; median age 56 years) with locally advanced/initially inoperable and/or metastatic DFSP treated with imatinib 400–800 mg daily between 12/2004 and 06/2009. All diagnoses were ascertained cytogenetically (fluorescent in situ hybridization). Median follow‐up time was 16 months (range: 4–81).Results Metastases were present in six cases (two lungs, two soft tissue, two lymph nodes). Fibrosarcomatous transformation (FS‐DFSP) was confirmed in seven patients (47%). A 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 60%, and a 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 78% (median time for PFS/OS was not reached). The best overall responses were: 10 partial responses (67%, including 5 FS‐DFSP – 1 progressed during the follow‐up), 2 stable diseases (13%) and 3 progressive diseases (20%). Seven patients (47%) underwent resection of residual disease and remained free of disease.Conclusions We have confirmed the profound anti‐tumour effect of imatinib in DFSP harbouring t(17;22) with long‐term responses. Imatinib therapy may in some cases lead to tumour resectability of lesser disfiguration.
Structural changes in endometrial basal glands during menstruation
Authors: Garry R , Hart R , Karthigasu KA , Burke C 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Garry R, Hart R, Karthigasu KA, Burke C. Structural changes in endometrial basal glands during menstruation. BJOG 2010;117:1175–1185.Objective  To prospectively observe the changes occurring in endometrial glandular morphology during menstrual shedding and regeneration.Design  Prospective observational study.Setting  The academic gynaecological endoscopy unit of a university teaching hospital.Population  Thirteen patients investigated for a variety of benign, non‐infective gynaecological disorders during the active bleeding phase of the menstrual cycle.Methods  The morphological appearances of concurrent histological and scanning electron microscopic images of endometrium taken at different stages of the active bleeding phase of menstruation were studied and correlated with the simultaneous immunohistochemical expression of the Ki–67 proliferation marker and the CD68 marker of macrophage activity.Main outcome measure  Change in morphology of endometrial glands at various stages of menstruation.Results  Endometrial glands within the basalis show evidence of apoptosis and associated macrophage activity immediately before and during menstruation. There is subsequent destruction and removal of old secretory glandular epithelial elements, and rapid replacement with new narrow glands lined with small epithelial cells. There is no evidence of mitotic cell division or expression of Ki–67 in the glandular cells during this replacement process, but there is evidence of marked macrophage activity prior to glandular cell loss.Conclusions  Early endometrial epithelial repair after menstruation is not a consequence of mitotic cell division. It occurs without evidence of Ki–67 expression. There is structural evidence of programmed cell death and intense macrophage activity associated with glandular remodelling. Dead epithelial cells are shed from the glands and accumulate within the endometrial cavity to be replaced by new small epithelial cells that appear to arise by differentiation of the surrounding stromal cells. We propose that these stromal cells are endometrial progenitor/stem cells.
Misoprostol dose and route after mifepristone for early medical abortion: a randomised controlled noninferiority trial
Authors: von Hertzen H , Huong NTM , Piaggio G , Bayalag M , Cabezas E , Fang AH , Gemzell‐Danielsson K , Hinh ND , Mittal S , Ng EHY , Chaturachinda K , Pinter B , Puscasiu L , Savardekar L , Shenoy S , Khomassuridge A , Tuyet HTD , Velasco A , Peregoudov A ,   for the WHO Research Group on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: von Hertzen H, Huong N, Piaggio G, Bayalag M, Cabezas E, Fang A, Gemzell‐Danielsson K, Hinh N, Mittal S, Ng E, Chaturachinda K, Pinter B, Puscasiu L, Savardekar L, Shenoy S, Khomassuridge A, Tuyet H, Velasco A, Peregoudov A, for the WHO Research Group on Postovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Misoprostol dose and route after mifepristone for early medical abortion: a randomised controlled noninferiority trial. BJOG 2010;117:1186–1196.Objective  To compare 400 and 800 μg sublingual or vaginal misoprostol 24 hours after 200 mg mifepristone for noninferiority regarding efficacy in achieving complete abortion for pregnancy termination up to 63 days of gestation.Design  Placebo‐controlled, randomised, noninferiority factorial trial, stratified by centre and length of gestation. Misoprostol 400 or 800 μg, administered either sublingually or vaginally, with follow up after 2 and 6 weeks.Setting  Fifteen obstetrics/gynaecology departments in ten countries.Population  Pregnant women (n = 3005) up to 63 days of gestation requesting medical abortion.Methods  Two‐sided 95% CI for differences in failure of complete abortion and continuing pregnancy, with a 3% noninferiority margin, were calculated. Proportions of women with adverse effects were recorded.Outcome measures  Complete abortion without surgical intervention (main); continuing live pregnancies, induction‐to‐abortion interval, adverse effects, women’s perceptions (secondary).Results  Efficacy outcomes analysed for 2962 women (98.6%): 90.5% had complete abortion after 400 μg misoprostol, 94.2% after 800 μg. Noninferiority of 400 μg misoprostol was not demonstrated for failure of complete abortion (difference: 3.7%; 95% CI 1.8–5.6%). The 400‐μg dose showed higher risk of incomplete abortion (P < 0.01) and continuing pregnancy (P < 0.01) than 800 μg. Vaginal and sublingual routes had similar risks of failure to achieve complete abortion (P = 0.47, difference in sublingual minus vaginal −0.7%, 95% CI −2.6–1.2%). A similar pattern was observed for continuing pregnancies (P = 0.21). Fewer women reported adverse effects with vaginal than sublingual administration and with the 400‐μg dose than the 800‐μg dose. Of the women, 94% were satisfied or highly satisfied with the regimens, 53% preferred the sublingual route and 47% preferred the vaginal route.Conclusions  A 400‐μg dose of misoprostol should not replace the 800‐μg dose when administered 24 hours after 200 mg mifepristone for inducing abortion in pregnancies up to 63 days. Sublingual and vaginal misoprostol have similar efficacy, but vaginal administration is associated with a lower frequency of adverse effects.
Management of acute coronary syndromes from a gender perspective
Authors: Alfredsson Joakim , Swahn Eva 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAcute Coronary Syndromes are the most frequent manifestations of coronary heart disease (CHD). Gender differences in treatment intensity, including differences in level of care, have been reported. Also differences in benefit from certain treatments, especially invasive treatment, have been discussed. Finally, differences in outcome between men and women have been proposed. Results have been inconsistent, partly depending on if and how adjustment for differences in background characteristics has been made.
Modulation of drug block of the cardiac potassium channel KCNA5 by the drug transporters OCTN1 and MDR1
Authors: Yang Tao , McBride Brian F , Leake Brenda F , Kim Richard B , Roden Dan M 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEA common site for drug binding on voltage‐gated ion channels is at the interior face of the channel pore. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the extent of drug block of the human cardiac KCNA5 (Kv1.5) channel underlying the atrial‐specific, ultra‐rapidly activating, delayed K+current (IKur) is modulated by the drug uptake and efflux transporters encoded by organic cation transporter 1 (OCTN1) and multiple drug‐resistant gene 1 (MDR1) and expressed in human heart.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHDrug block of KCNA5 was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently transfected with KCNA5 alone or in combination with the OCTN1 or MDR1 transporter construct, as well as in an MDR1 stably expressed cell line.KEY RESUTLSCo‐expression of OCTN1 significantly facilitated block by quinidine (10 µM), verapamil (20 µM), propafenone (5 µM) and clofilium (30 µM). Further evidence of drug transport modulating drug block was the finding that with OCTN1, block developed faster and only partially washed‐out, and that block potentiation was prevented by cimetidine, an inhibitor of OCTN1. MDR1 expression attenuated KCNA5 block by erythromycin (an MDR1 substrate). Block was restored by reversin‐205 (10 µM, an MDR1 inhibitor). MDR1 did not affect KCNA5 inhibition by KN‐93 (1 µM), a blocker acting on the outer mouth of the channel pore.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSThe extent of drug block of KCNA5 can be modulated by drug uptake and efflux transporters. These data provide further support for the idea that modifying intracellular drug concentrations could modulate the effects of blocking ion channels in patients.
Dependence of reaction kinetics on H2O activity as inferred from rates of intergranular diffusion of aluminium
Authors: CARLSON W. D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractQuantitative constraints on the accelerative effects of H2O on the kinetics of metamorphic reactions arise from a comparison of rates of intergranular diffusion of Al in natural systems that are fluid‐saturated, hydrous but fluid‐undersaturated, and nearly anhydrous. Widths of symplectitic reaction coronas around partially resorbed garnet crystals in the contact aureole of the Makhavinekh Lake Pluton, northern Labrador, combined with time–temperature histories from conductive thermal models, yield intergranular diffusivities for Al from ∼700–900 °C under nearly anhydrous conditions. Those rates, when extrapolated down temperature, are approximately three orders of magnitude slower than rates derived from re‐analysis of garnet resorption coronas formed under hydrous but fluid‐undersaturated conditions near 575 °C in rocks of the Llano Uplift of central Texas, which are in turn approximately four orders of magnitude slower than rates at comparable temperatures derived from numerical simulations of prograde garnet growth in fluid‐saturated conditions in rocks from the Picuris Range of north‐central New Mexico. Thus, even at constant temperature, rates of intergranular diffusion of Al – and corresponding length scales and timescales of metamorphic reaction and equilibration – may vary by as much as seven orders of magnitude across the range of H2O activities found in nature.