bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HealthNuts population‐based study of paediatric food allergy: validity, safety and acceptability
Authors: Osborne N. J. , Koplin J. J. , Martin P. E. , Gurrin L. C. , Thiele L. , Tang M. L. , Ponsonby A.‐L. , Dharmage S. C. , Allen K. J. ,   for the HealthNuts Study Investigators
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground
The incidence of hospital admissions for food allergy‐related anaphylaxis in Australia has increased, in line with world‐wide trends. However, a valid measure of food allergy prevalence and risk factor data from a population‐based study is still lacking.Objective
To describe the study design and methods used to recruit infants from a population for skin prick testing and oral food challenges, and the use of preliminary data to investigate the extent to which the study sample is representative of the target population.Methods
The study sampling frame design comprises 12‐month‐old infants presenting for routine scheduled vaccination at immunization clinics in Melbourne, Australia. We compared demographic features of participating families to population summary statistics from the Victorian Perinatal census database, and administered a survey to those non‐responders who chose not to participate in the study.Results
Study design proved acceptable to the community with good uptake (response rate 73.4%), with 2171 participants recruited. Demographic information on the study population mirrored the Victorian population with most the population parameters measured falling within our confidence intervals (CI). Use of a non‐responder questionnaire revealed that a higher proportion of infants who declined to participate (non‐responders) were already eating and tolerating peanuts, than those agreeing to participate (54.4%; 95% CI 50.8, 58.0 vs. 27.4%; 95% CI 25.5, 29.3 among participants).Conclusion
A high proportion of individuals approached in a community setting participated in a food allergy study. The study population differed from the eligible sample in relation to family history of allergy and prior consumption and peanut tolerance, providing some insights into the internal validity of the sample. The study exhibited external validity on general demographics to all births in Victoria. Cite this as: N. J. Osborne, J. J. Koplin, P. E. Martin, L. C. Gurrin, L. Thiele, M. L. Tang, A.‐L. Ponsonby, S. C. Dharmage, K. J. Allen for the HealthNuts Study Investigators, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1516–1522.
13C‐breath tests for clinical investigation of liver mitochondrial function
Authors: Grattagliano Ignazio , Lauterburg Bernhard H. , Palasciano Giuseppe , Portincasa Piero 
Published: July 2010

Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (9): 843–850AbstractBackground  Mitochondria play a major role in cell energetic metabolism; therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction inevitably participates in or even determines the onset and progression of chronic liver diseases. The assessment of mitochondrial function in vivo, by providing more insight into the pathogenesis of liver diseases, would be a helpful tool to study specific hepatic functions and to develop rational diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies.Design  This review focuses on the utility of breath tests to assess mitochondrial function in humans and experimental animals.Results  The introduction in the clinical setting of specific breath tests may allow elegantly and noninvasively overcoming the difficulties caused by previous complex techniques and might provide clinically relevant information, i.e the effects of drugs on mitochondria. Substrates meeting this requirement are alpha‐keto‐isocaproic acid and methionine that are both decarboxylated by mitochondria. Long‐and medium‐chain fatty acids that are metabolized through the Krebs cycle, and benzoic acid which undergoes glycine conjugation, may also reflect the function of mitochondria.Conclusions  Breath tests to assess in vivo mitochondrial function in humans represent a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical investigation.
A laboratory comparison of apical leakage between immediate versus delayed post space preparation in root canals filled with Resilon
Authors: Attam K. , Talwar S. 
Published: July 2010

Attam K, Talwar S. A laboratory comparison of apical leakage between immediate versus delayed post space preparation in root canals filled with Resilon. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 775–781, 2010.AbstractAim  To analyse ex vivo the integrity of the apical seal of Resilon root fillings following immediate post space preparation or after 1 week when leaving either 5 mm or 3 mm of remaining filling material.Methodology  One hundred and fifty freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single, straight root canals were used. Teeth were autoclaved and cleaned of debris and soft tissue. After decoronation at 16 mm length, the root canals were instrumented using the K3 rotary system to apical file size 45, 0.04 taper with intermittent irrigation using 1% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups with 30 teeth in each group. Group 1: control group in which the root canals were not filled. Group 2: the canals were filled with Resilon and a post space prepared immediately leaving 5 mm of apical filling. Group 3: the canals were filled and post space preparation delayed for 1 week leaving 5 mm of material apically. Group 4: post space preparation in the canals was initiated immediately after filling leaving 3 mm of material apically. Group 5: the root canals were filled and post space preparation was delayed for 1 week leaving 3 mm of material apically. Microleakage was evaluated using a fluid transport device. The results were analysed statistically using one‐way anova followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results  There was a highly significant difference amongst the groups (P < 0.001). The maximum mean leakage was observed in group 5 (141.63 × 10−6 μL min−1 cm−1) and the least microleakage in group 2 (99.87 × 10−6 μL min−1 cm−1).Conclusion  Immediate post space preparation was associated with less microleakage than delayed preparation when both 5 mm and 3 mm of apical filling remained. Leaving 5 mm of Resilon provided a significantly better seal compared to leaving 3 mm of material.
Personalizing protocol‐driven care: the case of specialist heart failure nurses
Authors: Sanders Tom , Harrison Stephen , Checkland Katherine 
Published: July 2010

sanders t., harrison s. & checkland k. (2010) Personalizing protocol‐driven care: the case of specialist heart failure nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(9), 1937–1945.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore how specialist heart failure nurses negotiate treatment advice with patients, in the context of an increasing expectation that clinical staff in the National Health Services will follow guidelines in their daily work.Background.  The development of specialist nurse roles has given rise to questions about their compatibility with patient‐centred care. However, research has revealed little about how specialist nurses balance clinical guidelines with traditional caring tasks.Methods.  Semi‐structured interviews (n = 10) were conducted with specialist heart failure nurses in northern England recruited from a heart failure specialist nursing contact list. In addition, non‐participant observations were carried out on nurse‐patient consultations (n = 16) in one regional nurse‐led heart failure clinic. Data were collected between 2003 and 2005, and analysed using a variation of grounded theory.Findings.  Heart failure nurses sought to combine traditional caring work with the wider goal of improving patient outcomes by ‘personalizing’ their advice to patients and presenting their heart failure as ‘typical’. They accommodated protocol‐driven care into their daily routines, and perceived no disjuncture between evidence‐based practice and patient‐centredness. However, their approach allowed little space for the exploration of each patient’s own priorities about their illness.Conclusion.  There is a need both to re‐examine the appropriateness of traditional caring concepts, and to reflect on the need to incorporate patients’ own values into the consultation process.
Combined moxidectin and environmental therapy do not eliminate Chorioptes bovis infestation in heavily feathered horses
Authors: Rüfenacht Silvia , Roosje Petra J. , Sager Heinz , Doherr Marcus G. , Straub Reto , Goldinger‐Müller Pamela , Gerber Vincent 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Chorioptes bovis infestation is a common cause of pastern dermatitis in the horse, with a predilection in draft horses and other horses with thick hair ‘feathers’ on the distal limbs. The treatment of this superficial mite is challenging; treatment failure and relapse are common. Furthermore, C. bovis infestation may affect the progression of chronic pastern dermatitis (also known as chronic proliferative pastern dermatitis, chronic progressive lymphoedema and dermatitis verrucosa) in draft horses, manifesting with oedema, lichenification and excessive skin folds that can progress to verruciform lesions. An effective cure for C. bovis infestation would therefore be of great clinical value. In a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, the efficacy of oral moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg body weight) given twice with a 3 week interval in combination with environmental treatment with 4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenol and propoxur was tested in 19 heavily feathered horses with clinical pastern dermatitis and C. bovis infestation. Follow‐up examinations over a period of 180 days revealed significantly more skin crusting in the placebo group than in the treatment group. However, no other differences in clinical signs or the numbers of mites detected were found between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that moxidectin in combination with environmental insecticide treatment as used in this study is ineffective in the treatment of C. bovis in feathered horses.
Low genetic variability ofStriga gesnerioidespopulations parasitic on cowpea might be explained by a recent origin
Authors: DUBE M‐P , BELZILE F J 
Published: July 2010

DubeM‐P & BelzileFJ (2010). Low genetic variability ofStriga gesnerioidespopulations parasitic on cowpea might be explained by a recent origin.Weed Research50, 493–502.SummaryStriga gesnerioidesis an obligate root hemiparasitic plant that causes considerable yield losses to cowpea, an important crop legume of Sub‐Saharan Africa. The use of resistant cultivars is the easiest and most effective method to control the parasite. Several cowpea cultivars exhibiting resistance have been identified during the last decades. However, most resistant cultivars show a differential response when grown in different countries across West Africa, suggesting that there are different races ofS. gesnerioides. In this study, we investigated the genetic variability within and between 43 populations of five of the previously recognised races of the parasite present in West Africa. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used on up to 10 individuals from each population. These markers showed almost no genetic variability within populations. The variability between the populations was also extremely low and did not allow discrimination of the five races. There was a certain geographical structure, but no ‘racial’ clustering could be seen. Even AFLP markers previously reported to be race‐specific on another set ofStrigapopulations proved unable to discriminate between races in this collection of populations. Possible causes of the low level of genetic variability include the hypothesis that this strain has only quite recently arisen. Such a low level of variability and the absence of specific markers for the virulence will have consequences on the evolution of the parasite and on the development of adequate control methods.
Non‐surgical treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy: The role of treating IgE‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Scadding Glenis 
Published: July 2010

Scadding G. Non‐surgical treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy: The role of treating IgE‐mediated inflammation Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 1095–1106. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAdenoidal hypertrophy (AH) and adenotonsillar hypertrophy are common disorders in the pediatric population and can cause symptoms such as mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as chronic sinusitis and recurrent otitis media. More serious long‐term sequelae, typically secondary to OSA, include neurocognitive abnormalities (e.g. behavioral and learning difficulties, poor attention span, hyperactivity, below‐average intelligence quotient); cardiovascular morbidity (e.g. decreased right ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular hypertrophy, elevated diastolic blood pressure); and growth failure. Adenoidectomy (with tonsillectomy in cases of adenotonsillar hypertrophy) is the typical management strategy for patients with AH. Potential complications have prompted the investigation of non‐surgical alternatives. Evidence of a pathophysiologic link between AH and allergy suggests a possible role for intranasal corticosteroids (INS) in the management of patients with AH. This article reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of AH with a particular focus on evidence of its association with allergy and allergic rhinitis. Current treatment options are briefly considered with discussion on the rationale and evidence for the use of INS.
A translational and systemic approach to transferring liver transplant recipients from pediatric to adult‐oriented care settings
Authors: Annunziato Rachel A. , Hogan Brittany , Barton Codette , Miloh Tamir , Arnon Ronen , Iyer Kishore , Kerkar Nanda 
Published: July 2010

Annunziato RA, Hogan B, Barton C, Miloh T, Arnon R, Iyer K, Kerkar N. A translational and systemic approach to transferring liver transplant recipients from pediatric to adult‐oriented care settings. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:823–829. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The purpose of this review is to (i) describe systemic changes made in our clinical practice to facilitate transfer of transplant recipients from the pediatric to the adult service and (ii) provide the rationale for instituting these organizational changes. To determine specific areas patients struggle to master, a survey assessing behaviors indicative of health care management was administered in pediatrics. Based on the results of the survey, all liver transplant recipients who transfer out of pediatrics are given a comprehensive clinical protocol, which includes a transfer checklist containing prerequisite items derived from our prior work. Patients are furthermore invited to enroll in a research study prospectively tracking both medical and psychosocial outcomes at six‐month intervals. Data are discussed by the pediatric and adult teams, and additional adjustments to the transfer process are implemented in response. A summary of our clinical interventions and the resources required for implementation are presented. In conclusion, preliminary studies have demonstrated that transplant recipients are vulnerable to disruptions in health care management when they transfer out of pediatrics. This study describes one site’s translational efforts to improve the transfer process for both the recipients and the clinicians, thus improving outcomes.
Exploring beyond viral load testing for EBV lymphoproliferation: Role of serum IL‐6 and IgE assays as adjunctive tests
Authors: Barton M. , Wasfy S. , Hébert D. , Dipchand A. , Fecteau A. , Grant D. , Ng V. , Solomon M. , Chan M. , Read S. , Stephens D. , Tellier R. , Allen U. D. ,   the EBV and Associated Viruses Collaborative Research Group
Published: July 2010

Barton M, Wasfy S, Hébert D, Dipchand A, Fecteau A, Grant D, Ng V, Solomon M, Chan M, Read S, Stephens D, Tellier R, Allen UD and the EBV and Associated Viruses Collaborative Research Group. Exploring beyond viral load testing for EBV lymphoproliferation: Role of serum IL‐6 and IgE assays as adjunctive tests. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14: 852–858. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  We examined serum IL‐6 and IgE assays as adjuncts to VL monitoring for PTLD. Paediatric solid organ transplant recipients were followed with VL monitoring. VL, IL‐6, and IgE assays were compared between PTLD cases and non‐cases at <3, 3–6 and >6 months after transplantation. Median IL‐6 levels in PTLD cases were 15.5 (2.0–87.1) and 23.3 (2.1–276) pg/mL compared with 3.25 (0.92–114) and 3.5 (0.75–199.25) pg/mL in non‐cases at 3–6 and >6 months, respectively (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005). At >6 months, IL‐6 levels correlated with VL and PTLD occurrence (Spearman’s coefficients = 0.40; p = 0.001 and 0.32; p = 0.003) in univariate analyses. No benefit was derived from performance of IgE levels. The sensitivity and specificity of high VL as a test of PTLD were 76.3% and 92.5%, while the negative predictive value and PPV of VL were 94.9% and 68.4%, respectively. Combining elevated IL‐6 with high VL increased the PPV and specificity to 80% and 96.2%, respectively, and improved the receiver operating characteristic curve. Serum IL‐6 levels can improve the clinician’s ability to identify PTLD, among patients with elevated EBV viral loads.
Characterization of Transgenic Pigs That Express Human Decay Accelerating Factor and Cell Membrane‐tethered Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
Authors: Lee HJ , Lee BC , Kim YH , Paik NW , Rho HM 
Published: July 2010

ContentsThe expression of human complement regulatory proteins (hCRP; hDAF, hCD59, and hMCP) in pig tissues has been suggested as one of strategies to overcome the hyperacute rejection (HAR) in pig‐to‐human transplantation. Expression of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (hTFPI) in porcine endothelial cells has been suggested as a remedy to overcome microvascular thrombosis. To investigate the effects of these combined transgenes, we established transformed pig cells expressing human decay accelerating factor (hDAF) under the control of enhancer promoter (5′LTR‐PCMVIE), and the fusion protein (hTFPI/hCD4) consisting of the functional domains (K1 and K2) of hTFPI and membrane‐tethering domains (D3 and D4) of hCD4 under the control of PCMVIE. Transgenic pigs were generated with the transformed porcine cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Analysis of quantitative PCR and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR showed that four copies of hDAF were integrated and 391 copies of hDAF mRNA expressed in the cells of the transgenic pig. The enhancing activity of 5′LTR was approximately 2 fold compared to CMVIE promoter only. The cell viability test showed that more than 80% of ear cells were viable in the presence of 50% human serum. The chromogenic substrate assay and immunocytochemical staining with tail cells showed that the TFPI activity of fusion protein was observed on the cell membrane. The membrane localization of hDAF and hTFPI proteins was observed by immunocytochemical staining, and the expression of transgenes in heart and liver tissues was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Jurassic–Cretaceous Tetori Group, central Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Takashi , Hibino Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPrimary data on the organic geochemistry of the Tetori Group provide basic information about depositional environments and thermal maturation of organic matter through two geological sections in the Hokuriku region, central Japan. The thermal maturity of organic matter was evaluated by the methylphenanthrene index‐1. The maturity progressively increases stratigraphically down through the Izumi section in Fukui Prefecture. The estimated vitrinite reflectance equivalent is <1.35% near the top of the section, gradually increasing to >2.0% near the base. The thermal maturation process can account for stratigraphic changes in abundance of PAHs through this section. However, the occasional occurrence of coronene in the middle of the Izumi section is attributed to possible paleo‐wildfires that supplied more coronene to the depositional site. The stratigraphic distribution of PAHs through the Tateyama section, Toyama Prefecture, also can be explained by the same scenario as envisaged for the Izumi section, but weathering and/or other secondary factors may have partly modified primary signals for this section. Polycyclic aromatic sulfur compounds were observed in nearly all samples from both sections, even in samples for which a freshwater paleoenvironment is surmised. Most plausibly, some reduced sulfur was re‐oxidized to elemental sulfur, which persisted in the sediments and may have contributed to the formation of aromatic sulfur compounds. Hence, polycyclic aromatic sulfur compounds do not provide an index to separate marine environments from the freshwater settings for the Tetori Group.
The clinical course of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial peritoneal dialysis infections in Asians: A case series and literature review
Authors: RENAUD CLAUDE J , SUBRAMANIAN SRINIVASAN , TAMBYAH PAUL A , LEE EVAN JC 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTIntroduction:  Peritoneal dialysis (PD)‐related infections due to rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (RGNTM) are rare in Asians and have variable clinical outcomes.Methods:  We analysed retrospectively a series of RGNTM infections in a single‐centre multi‐ethnic Asian population over a 5‐year period. Clinical features, treatment, risk factors and outcomes are discussed.Results:  Ten infections are described. They constituted 3% of all culture‐positive exit site infection (ESI) and PD peritonitis. Seventy percent were due to Mycobacterium abscessus (three ESI and four peritonitis). There were two Mycobacterim fortuitum and one Mycobacterium chelonei peritonitis. No specific findings differentiated RGNTM infections from those caused by traditional organisms. Six cases had received prior antibiotics, two being topical gentamicin. Initial routine culture and alcohol acid fast bacillus were negative except for one case of M. abscessus. A confirmatory diagnosis was made a median 9 days post culture. No infection responded to routine antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was variable but M. abscessus was universally sensitive to clarithromycin. Combined antibiotics based on sensitivity profile were successfully used in 70% of the cases. PD catheter loss was 80%. Three‐month mortality was 40% (vs. 8.5% and 12% in non‐RGNTM ESI and peritonitis, respectively). This may be related to the cohort high mean Charlson score of 7.5.Conclusion:  RGNTM PD infections are commoner in Asians than previously reported. Their early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and appropriate treatment started promptly. They are associated with prior antibiotic use and refractory culture‐negative infections, delayed diagnosis and lead to significant catheter loss and death.