bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of famotidine in goats after intravenous administration
Authors: Escher Olivia G. , Smith Joe S. , Christopher Kamryn , Hogan Bryan , Harvill Lainey E. , Hopson Makenna , Cox Sherry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is currently limited pharmacokinetic data for the use of famotidine in goats for treatment and prevention of abomasal ulceration. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters after a single intravenous administration of famotidine (0.6 mg/kg). Famotidine was administered to six healthy goats and plasma samples were collected over a 24‐h period. The famotidine concentration was measured using reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Non‐compartmental analysis was then used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters. The maximum plasma concentration was estimated at 5476.68 ± 1530.51 ng/mL and elimination half‐life was estimated at 18.455 ± 13.26 min. The mean residence time was determined to be 19.85 ± 12.14 min with the apparent volume of distribution being estimated at 321.924 ± 221.667. The area under the curve was determined to be 54230.08 ± 24947.6 min*ng/mL. Total exposure and elimination half‐life were less than what has been reported in cattle and horses. Future research evaluating the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous administration and looking at the pharmacodynamics of famotidine in goats is needed to determine the effectiveness of famotidine on raising pH levels of the abomasum.
Pediatric dermatologists versus AI bots: Evaluating the medical knowledge and diagnostic capabilities of ChatGPT
Authors: Huang Charles Y. , Zhang Esther , Caussade Marie‐Chantal , Brown Trinity , Stockton Hogrogian Griffin , Yan Albert C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the clinical accuracy of OpenAI's ChatGPT in pediatric dermatology by comparing its responses on multiple‐choice and case‐based questions to those of pediatric dermatologists. ChatGPT's versions 3.5 and 4.0 were tested against questions from the American Board of Dermatology and the “Photoquiz” section of Pediatric Dermatology. Results show that human pediatric dermatology clinicians generally outperformed both ChatGPT iterations, though ChatGPT‐4.0 demonstrated comparable performance in some areas. The study highlights the potential of AI tools in aiding clinicians with medical knowledge and decision‐making, while also emphasizing the need for continual advancements and clinician oversight in using such technologies.
Immunotherapy Combining Mimotopes Selected by Phage Display Plus Amphotericin B Is Effective for Treatment Against Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Soyer Tauane Gonçalves , Bandeira Câmara Raquel Soares , Pereira Isabela Amorim Gonçalves , Ramos Fernanda Fonseca , de Jesus Marcelo Moreira , Ludolf Fernanda , de Paula Costa Guilherme , Lage Daniela Pagliara , de Freitas Camila Simões , Vale Danniele Luciana , Pimenta Breno Luiz , Martins Vívian Tamietti , Galdino Alexsandro Sobreira , Chávez‐Fumagalli Miguel Angel , Roatt Bruno Mendes , de Sousa Vieira Tavares Grasiele , Coelho Eduardo Antonio Ferraz 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) causes toxicity in patients, entails high cost and/or leads to the emergence of resistant strains. No human vaccine exists, and diagnosis presents problems related to the sensitivity or specificity of the tests. Here, we tested two phage clones, B1 and D11, which were shown to be protective against Leishmania infantum infection in a murine model as immunotherapeutics to treat mice infected with this parasite species. The phages were used alone or with amphotericin B (AmpB), while other mice received saline, AmpB, a wild‐type phage (WTP) or WTP/AmpB. Results showed that the B1/AmpB and D11/AmpB combinations induced polarised Th1‐type cellular and humoral responses, which were primed by high levels of parasite‐specific IFN‐γ, IL‐12, TNF‐α, nitrite and IgG2a antibodies, which reflected in significant reductions in the parasite load in distinct organs of the animals when analyses were performed 1 and 30 days after the treatments. Reduced organic toxicity was also found in these animals, as compared with the controls. In conclusion, preliminary data suggest the potential of the B1/AmpB and D11/AmpB combinations as immunotherapeutics against L. infantum infection.
The child welfare system as a social determinant of health
Authors: Maldonado Fabela Katherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch documents the ways that policing, incarceration, and deportation influence the health of racialized, poor families in the U.S. However, we lack empirical analysis of the ways that family policing through the child welfare system affects health. In this paper, I review the literature on intersectional harms in carceral institutions to argue that the child welfare system is a social determinant of health. First, I provide a review of the ways carceral institutions target women of color through settler‐colonial logic and the criminalization of race, poverty, and reproduction. Second, I share what is known about carceral effects on health and the mechanisms by which they function: 1. stigma, 2. maternal stressors, and 3. threat. Third, I delve into how these mechanisms manifest within the child welfare system and underscore the importance of examining their adverse health consequences. I conclude with a discussion where I call for more research on the child welfare system as a social determinant of health to understand abolitionist healthcare practices that contribute to dismantling the expanding carceral state. Collectively, these areas of literature illustrate the U.S. child welfare system's role in a broader criminalization process that detrimentally impacts the health of impoverished mothers of color.
Negotiating class, religion, and residential segregation: Aspirations of Muslim middle‐class women in Delhi
Authors: Salman Aashti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper delves into the employment aspirations and struggles for upward social mobility of middle‐class Muslim female youth in Delhi, located in segregated and non‐segregated areas. The paper contends that women respondents navigate constraints such that their class, gender and religious background have an ambivalent role in the production of aspirations but a more definitive one in their realisation. This argument is anchored in the three key themes addressed in the paper. For women from middle and lower sections of the middle‐class the presence of high aspirations does not translate into gainful employment, leading to the problem of fraying hope and ‘frustrated freedom’. They are engaged in prolonged waiting experiencing what Ghassan Hage would call ‘stuckedness’. The upper stratum placed strategically in the Bourdieusian field, can leverage their economic and cultural capital to offset uncertainties around employment and marriage. The third section navigates religious, gender and class‐based constraints by participating in self‐employment activities in a segregated neighbourhood in Delhi. For these women, the segregated neighbourhood has a dual role as an enabler and a barrier to their aspirations.
A lower fibrinogen threshold does not lead to increased bleeding risk in patients receiving therapeutic plasma exchange: A prospective single‐center analysis
Authors: Wodajo Amelework , Sarode Ravi , Valiyaparambil Shiney , Webb Christopher , De Simone Nicole , Rebecca Dill , Usmani Amena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPlasma exchange (PLEX) therapy is indicated for several disorders. The 5% albumin is often used as a sole replacement fluid during most PLEX. However, each 1.0 plasma volume exchange depletes coagulation factors by ~65%. Although most coagulation factors recover to hemostatic levels within 24 h post‐PLEX, fibrinogen requires 48–72 h to recover. Fibrinogen is the key coagulation protein for hemostasis. Therefore, fibrinogen is often monitored during the acute course of PLEX, and plasma is supplemented to prevent bleeding if fibrinogen is <100 mg/dL.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a prospective, single‐center, observational study to evaluate bleeding risk in adults who received an acute course of PLEX with a fibrinogen level of 80–100 mg/dL without plasma supplementation during the procedure or before central venous catheter removal. The study group was compared to patients with plasma fibrinogen >100 mg/dL.ResultsAmong the 275 patients who received 1406 PLEXes, 62 patients (23%) who underwent 323 PLEXes met the inclusion criteria, and only 2 (3%) patients had bleeding while on oral anticoagulants. In contrast, out of 275 patients, 143 (52%) with fibrinogen levels >100 mg/dL received 751 PLEX treatments, and bleeding occurred in 2 (1%) while on low‐molecular‐weight heparin.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a pre‐procedure fibrinogen threshold of 80–100 mg/dL without plasma supplementation does not increase bleeding risk unless patients were on anticoagulation.
Child life specialist services, practice, and utilization across health care: a scoping review
Authors: Rosenblatt Audrey , Pederson Renee , Davis-Sandfoss Tyler , Irwin Lauren , Mitsos Rebecca , Manworren Renee 
Published: May 2024

Objective:The objective of this review was to map the available evidence regarding the scope of child life specialist services, practice, and utilization.Introduction:Child life specialists are members of multidisciplinary health care system teams who prioritize the developmental needs of pediatric patients to support and improve patient and family health care experiences. Evidence of the effectiveness of child life specialist services and the utilization of those services is often incorporated in multidisciplinary research reports and thus overlooked.Inclusion Criteria:All quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research study reports and systematic reviews investigating child life specialist services, practice, and utilization in health care systems were included.Methods:This review was guided by the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and a published a priori protocol. CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and PsycINFO (APA) were searched for evidence published from January 1980 to August 2022.Results:Research publications about child life specialist services, practice, and utilization have increased dramatically over the past decade with more than 50% of studies published in the last 5 years. Although the first authors of the majority of the research publications were physicians, these multidisciplinary author teams depicted child life specialist services in a variety of roles, including co-investigators, interventionists, and research subjects. The 105 full-text publications reviewed were from 10 countries and occurred across a wide scope of health care settings and medical subspecialties, but primarily in hospitals and health centers, and to a lesser extent, in ambulatory clinics and communities. A wide variety of child life specialist services were described across these settings.Conclusion:The concept of child life services began in 1922 and emerged as the child life specialist services specialty in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. Mapping the research can help delineate the barriers and facilitators to these services in health care systems. This scoping review provides evidence of the global diffusion of child life specialist services across health care system settings with recent increases in research publications involving child life specialist services.
Nursing-sensitive outcomes for the provision of pain management in pediatric populations with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review protocol
Authors: MacNeil Morgan , McCord Helen , Alcock Lynsey , Mireault Amy , Rothfus Melissa , Campbell-Yeo Marsha 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The aim of this review is to identify and map nursing-sensitive outcomes for the provision of pain management in pediatric populations with intellectual disabilities that are currently reported in the literature.

Introduction:
The experience of pain is highly individualized and subjective, with physiological, biochemical, and psychological differences contributing to pain perception. Pediatric populations with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of ubiquitous pain exposure. Pain management effectiveness can be determined through the measurement of nursing-sensitive outcomes, which have not been mapped in the context of pediatric populations with intellectual disabilities.

Inclusion criteria:
Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, and gray literature discussing nursing pain management in pediatric populations with intellectual disabilities will be included. No date limits will be applied. Only studies published in English will be considered.

Methods:
This review will be guided by the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The search strategy will aim to locate published and unpublished literature using the databases CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, PsycINFO (ProQuest), LILACS, SciELO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Titles and abstracts, and then full-text studies, will be selected and reviewed by 2 independent researchers against the inclusion criteria. Content analysis using the NNQR-C, C-HOBIC, NDNQI, and Donabedian model frameworks will be used for data extraction and organization, accompanied by charted results and narrative summaries, as appropriate.
Transformative engagement with community music-making for older adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: English Helen Jane , Lewis Suzanne , Davidson Jane W. , Goodwin Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
This scoping review has 3 objectives: to identify the literature on older adults’ engagement with community music-making in which an experience of transformative change is noted, to explore the different ways transformation is described, and to identify the factors that enable this experience.

Introduction:
Music has been shown to stimulate transformation (positive change) in individuals. Documented experiences of transformation fall into 3 broad areas: self-perception, quality of life, and personal growth. Yet the specific elements of musical experience that enable such effects remain little understood. Identifying the literature on this topic will enable deeper understanding and identify gaps in knowledge.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will include peer-reviewed publications, systematic and scoping reviews, and gray literature, including theses and reports. Studies will focus on older community-dwelling adults (60 years or over) engaged in group music-making in community settings. The studies must include enquiry into transformative effects. Music used therapeutically in health settings, individual music-making, and listening (rather than active music-making) will be excluded. Any empirical methodology will be accepted.

Methods:
The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Databases to be searched will include MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, Embase (Ovid), Informit, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, JBI Evidence-based Practice Database, Web of Science, JSTOR, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar. Studies must be published in English, from 2000 until the present. Retrieved studies will be independently screened by at least 2 reviewers. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the research team. The findings will be presented in tabular format, supported by a narrative summary.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/ftuhx
Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model of
Giardia lamblia
infection
Authors: Ihara Sozaburo , Nguyen Brian V. , Miyamoto Yukiko , Eckmann Lars 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Giardia lamblia
is an important protozoan cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, delayed development and cognitive impairment in children in low- and middle-income countries, and protracted post-infectious syndromes in developed regions.
G. lamblia
resides in the lumen and at the epithelial surface of the proximal small intestine but is not mucosa invasive. The protozoan parasite is genetically diverse with significant genome differences across strains and assemblages. Animal models, particularly murine models, have been instrumental in defining mechanisms of host defense against
G. lamblia
, but mice cannot be readily infected with most human pathogenic strains. Antibiotic pretreatment can increase susceptibility, suggesting that the normal microbiota plays a role in controlling
G. lamblia
infection in mice, but the broader implications on susceptibility to diverse strains are not known. Here, we have used gnotobiotic mice to demonstrate that robust intestinal infection can be achieved for a broad set of human-pathogenic strains of the genetic assemblages A and B. Furthermore, gnotobiotic mice were able to eradicate infection with a similar kinetics to conventional mice after trophozoite challenge. Germ-free mice could also be effectively immunized by the mucosal route with a protective antigen, α1-giardin, in a manner dependent on CD4 T cells. These results indicate that the gnotobiotic mouse model is powerful for investigating acquired host defenses in giardiasis, as the mice are broadly susceptible to diverse
G. lamblia
strains yet display no apparent defects in mucosal immunity needed for controlling and eradicating this lumen-dwelling pathogen.
Comparison of CcrM-dependent methylation in
Caulobacter crescentus
and
Brucella abortus
by nanopore sequencing
Authors: Campbell Maxwell , Barton Ian Scott , Roop R. Martin , Chien Peter 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria rely on DNA methylation for restriction-modification systems and epigenetic control of gene expression. Here, we use direct detection of methylated bases by nanopore sequencing to monitor global DNA methylation in Alphaproteobacteria, where use of this technique has not yet been reported. One representative of this order,
Caulobacter crescentus
, relies on DNA methylation to control cell cycle progression, but it is unclear whether other members of this order, such as
Brucella abortus
, depend on the same systems. We addressed these questions by first measuring CcrM-dependent DNA methylation in
Caulobacter
and showing excellent correlation between nanopore-based detection and previously published results. We then directly measure the impact of Lon-mediated CcrM degradation on the epigenome, verifying that loss of Lon results in pervasive methylation. We also show that the AlkB demethylase has no global impact on DNA methylation during normal growth. Next, we report on the global DNA methylation in
B. abortus
for the first time and find that CcrM-dependent methylation is reliant on Lon but impacts the two chromosomes differently. Finally, we explore the impact of the MucR transcription factor, known to compete with CcrM methylation, on the
Brucella
methylome and share the results with a publicly available visualization package. Our work demonstrates the utility of nanopore-based sequencing for epigenome measurements in Alphaproteobacteria and reveals new features of CcrM-dependent methylation in a zoonotic pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

DNA methylation plays an important role in bacteria, maintaining genome integrity and regulating gene expression. We used nanopore sequencing to directly measure methylated bases in
Caulobacter crescentus
and
Brucella abortus
. In
Caulobacter
, we showed that stabilization of the CcrM methyltransferase upon loss of the Lon protease results in prolific methylation and discovered that the putative methylase AlkB is unlikely to have a global physiological effect. We measured genome-wide methylation in
Brucella
for the first time, revealing a similar role for CcrM in cell-cycle methylation but a more complex regulation by the Lon protease than in Caulobacter. Finally, we show how the virulence factor MucR impacts DNA methylation patterns in
Brucella
.
A human papillomavirus 16 E2-TopBP1 dependent SIRT1-p300 acetylation switch regulates mitotic viral and human protein levels and activates the DNA damage response
Authors: Prabhakar Apurva T. , James Claire D. , Youssef Aya H. , Hossain Reafa A. , Hill Ronald D. , Bristol Molly L. , Wang Xu , Dubey Aanchal , Karimi Elmira , Morgan Iain M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

An interaction between human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E2 and the cellular proteins TopBP1 and BRD4 is required for E2 plasmid segregation function. The E2-TopBP1 interaction promotes increased mitotic E2 protein levels in U2OS and N/Tert-1 cells, as well as in human foreskin keratinocytes immortalized by HPV16 (HFK + HPV16). SIRT1 deacetylation reduces E2 protein stability and here we demonstrate that increased E2 acetylation occurs during mitosis in a TopBP1 interacting-dependent manner, promoting E2 mitotic stabilization. p300 mediates E2 acetylation and acetylation is increased due to E2 switching off SIRT1 function during mitosis in a TopBP1 interacting-dependent manner, confirmed by increased p53 stability and acetylation on lysine 382, a known target for SIRT1 deacetylation. SIRT1 can complex with E2 in growing cells but is unable to do so during mitosis due to the E2-TopBP1 interaction; SIRT1 is also unable to complex with p53 in mitotic E2 wild-type cells but can complex with p53 outside of mitosis. E2 lysines 111 and 112 are highly conserved residues across all E2 proteins and we demonstrate that K111 hyper-acetylation occurs during mitosis, promoting E2 interaction with Topoisomerase 1 (Top1). We demonstrate that K112 ubiquitination promotes E2 proteasomal degradation during mitosis. E2-TopBP1 interaction promotes mitotic acetylation of CHK2, promoting phosphorylation and activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). The results present a new model in which the E2-TopBP1 complex inactivates SIRT1 during mitosis, and activates the DDR. This is a novel mechanism of HPV16 activation of the DDR, a requirement for the viral life cycle.

IMPORTANCE
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents in around 5% of all human cancers. While there are prophylactic vaccines that will significantly alleviate HPV disease burden on future generations, there are currently no anti-viral strategies available for the treatment of HPV cancers. To generate such reagents, we must understand more about the HPV life cycle, and in particular about viral-host interactions. Here, we describe a novel mitotic complex generated by the HPV16 E2 protein interacting with the host protein TopBP1 that controls the function of the deacetylase SIRT1. The E2-TopBP1 interaction disrupts SIRT1 function during mitosis in order to enhance acetylation and stability of viral and host proteins. We also demonstrate that the E2-TopBP1 interaction activates the DDR. This novel complex is essential for the HPV16 life cycle and represents a novel anti-viral therapeutic target.