bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GMAP210 and IFT88 are present in the spermatid golgi apparatus and participate in the development of the acrosome–acroplaxome complex, head–tail coupling apparatus and tail
Authors: Kierszenbaum Abraham L. , Rivkin Eugene , Tres Laura L. , Yoder Bradley K. , Haycraft Courtney J. , Bornens Michel , Rios Rosa M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe describe the localization of the golgin GMAP210 and the intraflagellar protein IFT88 in the Golgi of spermatids and the participation of these two proteins in the development of the acrosome–acroplaxome complex, the head–tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) and the spermatid tail. Immunocytochemical experiments show that GMAP210 predominates in thecis‐Golgi, whereas IFT88 prevails in thetrans‐Golgi network. Both proteins colocalize in proacrosomal vesicles, along acrosome membranes, the HTCA and the developing tail. IFT88 persists in the acrosome–acroplaxome region of the sperm head, whereas GMAP210 is no longer seen there. Spermatids of theIft88mouse mutant display abnormal head shaping and are tail‐less. GMAP210 is visualized in theIft88mutant during acrosome–acroplaxome biogenesis. However, GMAP210–stained vesicles, mitochondria and outer dense fiber material build up in the manchette region and fail to reach the abortive tail stump in the mutant. In vitro disruption of the spermatid Golgi and microtubules with Brefeldin‐A and nocodazole blocks the progression of GMAP210‐ and IFT88‐stained proacrosomal vesicles to the acrosome–acroplaxome complex but F‐actin distribution in the acroplaxome is not affected. We provide the first evidence that IFT88 is present in the Golgi of spermatids, that the microtubule‐associated golgin GMAP210 and IFT88 participate in acrosome, HTCA, and tail biogenesis, and that defective intramanchette transport of cargos disrupts spermatid tail development. Developmental Dynamics 240:723–736, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of spring drought on carbon sequestration, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in the songnen meadow steppe in northeast China
Authors: Dong Gang , Guo Jixun , Chen Jiquan , Sun Ge , Gao Song , Hu Liangjun , Wang Yunlong 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGlobal climate change projections suggest an increasing frequency of droughts and extreme rain events in the steppes of the Eurasian region. Using the eddy covariance method, we measured carbon and water balances of a meadow steppe ecosystem in Northeast China during 2 years which had contrasting precipitation patterns in spring seasons in 2007 and 2008. The meadow steppe sequestrated only 64·2 gC m−2 year−1 in 2007 compared to 160·5 gC m−2 year−1 in 2008, due to a severe spring drought in 2007. The 2007 spring drought resulted in a dramatic reduction of leaf area index (LAI) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, the meadow steppe still acted as a carbon sink in 2007. The strength of the sink was much greater than that in the typical steppes in Central Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Spring drought also caused a reduction of plant transpiration (Tr) and total ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET). However, the suppression of ET in 2007 was relatively small in comparison to gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) reduction. Thus, ecosystem water use efficiency (WEU) (GEP/ET) in 2007 was reduced to 5·0 gCO2 kg−1 H2O or 75% of that of 2008. We concluded that spring drought detrimentally impacted meadow steppe ecosystem by reducing leaf areas, biomass, GEP, WUE and associated increases in soil evaporation (Es) that might aggravate soil salinization of the Songnen Plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of fertilization and cutting frequency on the water balance of a temperate grassland
Authors: Rose Laura , Coners Heinz , Leuschner Christoph 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn large areas of Central Europe, grassland management has shifted from extensive grazing and mowing to highly intensive systems during the past 50 years. Although effects on biodiversity have intensively been studied, little is known about the response of important ecosystem functions, in particular, water and nutrient cycling, to management intensification. We conducted a two‐factorial grassland management experiment (GRASSMAN) with two cutting frequencies (one/three cuttings per year) and two fertilization levels (non‐fertilized/N‐fertilized) in a moderately species‐rich temperate grassland to analyse the effects of management regimes on evapotranspiration (ET) and infiltration (I). Both were measured in the growing season 2009 with small, weighable lysimeters that contained undisturbed soil monoliths and vegetation. Aboveground biomass production (ANPP), belowground biomass, root length density, plant diversity, water use efficiency (WUE), and climatic factors were also measured. Fertilization with 180 kg N ha−1yr−1 increased aboveground biomass production by 50–70% and stand ET by 10–15% (or 20–40 mm), whereas I and ground water recharge decreased by about 50%. Consequently, fertilization increased the WUE of the grassland plants by 20–30%. However, increasing the mowing frequency from 1 to 3 had no significant effect. We found close relations between ANPP, ET and I and conclude that grassland management intensification influences the water balance primarily through fertilization effects on productivity. In areas of Central Europe with abundant grassland, ground water recharge must have significantly decreased with management intensification in the past 50 years. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen Coordination to the Active Site of Hmd in Relation to [FeFe] Hydrogenase
Authors: Stiebritz Martin T. , Finkelmann Arndt R. , Reiher Markus 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe application of [FeFe] hydrogenases for renewable energy production is limited by the generally high O2‐sensitivity of this class of enzymes. In this work, we report energy differences in oxygen coordination at the active sites of [FeFe] and monoiron (Hmd) hydrogenase as obtained from DFT calculations. Whereas O2 addition is clearly exothermic in the case of [FeFe] hydrogenase, it is endothermic for monoiron hydrogenase. By applying a recently proposed concept [Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 5818], which allows us to structurally and electronically relate the two active sites, we show that an inversion in oxygen affinity is observed as a result of mutually exchanging the first ligand sphere of the central iron atoms of both catalytic centers. Modified Hmd active sites can bind O2 exothermically, whereas O2 addition to the altered H‐cluster variants is less exothermic than in the wild‐type configuration. Our results show that oxygen affinity is not very strong when measured in terms of the coordination energy. Hence, changes in the first ligand shell of the reactive iron atoms with retention of the similarity of the ligand spheres, that is, having the same type of ligands in the same positions of the coordination octahedron, can render oxygen coordination endo‐ or exothermic. This observation could explain the difference in oxygen sensitivity of Hmd and [FeFe] hydrogenases.
A Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Lanthanum Bis(phosphinimino)methanide
Authors: Revel Bertrand , Delevoye Laurent , Tricot Grégory , Rastätter Marcus , Kuzdrowska Magdalena , Roesky Peter W. , Gauvin Régis M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGrafting of the bis(phosphinimino)methanide complex [La{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2}{N(SiHMe2)2}2] (1) onto dehydroxylated silica (SiO2‐700) affords material 2. Full characterization of this material by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and multinuclear, multidimensional solid‐state NMR spectroscopy showed formation of well‐defined bis(phosphinimino)methanide amido surface species, [(≡SiO)La{CH(PPh2NSiMe3)2}{N(SiHMe2)2}], along with [≡SiOSiHMe2] sites.
Stable 3‐Imino‐2,3‐dihydroindazol‐1‐yl Radicals
Authors: Quast Helmut , Philipp Gottfried , Ross Karl‐Heinz , Doht Ulrich M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOxidation of 2‐tert‐butyl‐3‐(tert‐butylamino)‐2H‐indazoles with lead(IV) oxide yields red, stable radicals, which can be distilled under high vacuum and recrystallized. They revert to their precursors on Pd‐catalysed hydrogenation. Configuration and atomic distances were obtained by X‐ray diffraction analysis. EPR hfc constants were assigned with the help of 15N labeling and exchange of a phenyl hydrogen atom for a tert‐butyl group. The X‐ray and EPR results show that the novel radicals are to be considered as cyclic hydrazyl radicals, modified by delocalization of the unpaired electron involving the exocyclic imino group and the benzene ring.
Self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information
Authors: Wojciszke Bogdan , Baryla Wieslaw , Parzuchowski Michal , Szymkow Aleksandra , Abele Andrea E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a Double Perspective Model (DPM) explaining why agency (competence) and communion (warmth) constitute two basic content dimensions of social cognition. Every social action involves two perspectives: of the agent (a person who performs an action) and of the recipient (a person at whom the action is directed). Immediate cognitive goals of the agent and recipient differ, which results in heightened accessibility and weight of content referring either to agency (from the agent's perspective) or to communion (from the recipient's perspective). DPM explains why evaluations of other persons are dominated by communal over agentic considerations and allows a novel hypothesis that self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information. We present several studies supporting this hypothesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain treatment of agitation in patients with dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Husebo B.S. , Ballard C. , Aarsland D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundAdvancing age is associated with high prevalence of both dementia and pain. Dementia is frequently accompanied by distressing behavioral and psychological symptoms, including agitation and aggression, particularly in nursing home patients. The etiology of agitation is multifactorial. It has been suggested that un‐diagnosed and untreated pain may contribute to agitation in people with dementia. If this is correct, individual pain treatment could be of benefit in ameliorating agitation and other behavioral changes in people with dementia.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review of studies of whether pain medication can improve agitation in people with dementia.MethodsA systematic search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases for the period 1992–2010 was performed, using dementia, agitation, aggression, depression, behavioral disturbances, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), pain, pain assessment, pain treatment, pain management, and analgesics as search terms. Inclusion criteria were: prospective studies including patients with dementia, interventions focusing on pain reduction, inclusion of a control condition, and outcome measures including agitation or other related behavioral disturbances.ResultsOnly three controlled trials were identified; all were cross‐over trials, and two included small sample sizes (<50). Findings were inconsistent, and although some correlations were reported, these did not support the hypothesis that pain management reduced agitation.ConclusionThere is a profound dearth of rigorous studies of the effect of pain treatment in patients with dementia and agitation. The available studies do not support the hypothesis that pain management reduces agitation in nursing‐home patients with dementia. Randomized, controlled parallel‐group studies are needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tobacco use and dementia: evidence from the 1066 dementia population‐based surveys in Latin America, China and India
Authors: Ferri Cleusa P , West Robert , Moriyama Tais S. , Acosta Daisy , Guerra Mariella , Huang Yueqin , Jacob K. S. , Ribeiro Wagner , Llibre de Rodriguez Juan J. , Salas Aquiles , Sosa Ana Luisa , Williams Joseph , Acosta Isaac , Liu Zhaouri , Hernandez Milagros A. Guerra , Prince Martin J 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association between tobacco consumption and dementia using the same methodology in seven developing countries, testing the specific hypotheses that higher exposure to tobacco is associated with a higher prevalence of dementia, that the association is limited to smoked tobacco and is stronger for vascular dementia compared to Alzheimer's disease.MethodsCross‐sectional surveys conducted on individuals aged 65+. A total of 15 022 residents in specified catchment areas were assessed face‐to‐face using a standardised protocol, which included dementia diagnosis and detailed information on past and current tobacco consumption, and on important potential confounders of this association.ResultsA high proportion of participants were never smokers (52% in Dominican Republic to 83% in Peru), most of those who ever used tobacco in China and India were still smoking at age 65 and above (80% and 84%, respectively). There was a positive association between history of tobacco smoke exposure (pack years up to age 50) and dementia (pooled PR = 1.003; 95%CI 1.001–1.005), Alzheimer's disease (pooled PR = 1.007; 95% CI, 1.003–1.011) and Vascular Dementia (pooled PR = 1.003; 95% CI = 1.001–1.005). These associations were attenuated but remained significant if exposure after the age of 50 was included. In India there was no association between smokeless tobacco and dementia.ConclusionsDementia in developing countries appears to be positively associated with history of tobacco smoking but not smokeless tobacco use. Selective quitting in later life may bias estimation of associations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yoo Byoung Kwon , Santhekadur Prasanna K. , Gredler Rachel , Chen Dong , Emdad Luni , Bhutia Sujit , Pannell Lewis , Fisher Paul B. , Sarkar Devanand 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

There is virtually no effective treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and novel targets need to be identified to develop effective treatment. We recently documented that the oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) plays a seminal role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Employing yeast two-hybrid assay and coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, we identified staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1), a nuclease in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) facilitating RNAi-mediated gene silencing, as an AEG-1 interacting protein. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization studies confirmed that AEG-1 is also a component of RISC and both AEG-1 and SND1 are required for optimum RISC activity facilitating small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing of luciferase reporter gene. In 109 human HCC samples SND1 was overexpressed in ≈74% cases compared to normal liver. Correspondingly, significantly higher RISC activity was observed in human HCC cells compared to immortal normal hepatocytes. Increased RISC activity, conferred by AEG-1 or SND1, resulted in increased degradation of tumor suppressor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that are target of oncomiRs. Inhibition of enzymatic activity of SND1 significantly inhibited proliferation of human HCC cells. As a corollary, stable overexpression of SND1 augmented and siRNA-mediated inhibition of SND1 abrogated growth of human HCC cells

in vitro

and

in vivo

, thus revealing a potential role of SND1 in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Conclusion:

We unravel a novel mechanism that overexpression of AEG-1 and SND1 leading to increased RISC activity might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeted inhibition of SND1 enzymatic activity might be developed as an effective therapy for HCC. (Hepatology 2011;)
Telomerase gene mutations are associated with cirrhosis formation
Authors: Hartmann Daniel , Srivastava Ujala , Thaler Michaela , Kleinhans Karin N. , N'Kontchou Gisèle , Scheffold Annika , Bauer Kerstin , Kratzer Ramona F. , Kloos Natalia , Katz Sarah-Fee , Song Zhangfa , Begus-Nahrmann Yvonne , Kleger Alexander , von Figura Guido , Strnad Pavel , Lechel André , Günes Cagatay , Potthoff Andrej , Deterding Katja , Wedemeyer Heiner , Ju Zhenyu , Song Ge , Xiao Feng , Gillen Sonja , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Mertens Thomas , Ziol Marianne , Friess Helmut , Jarek Michael , Manns Michael P. , Beaugrand Michel , Rudolph Lenhard K. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Telomere shortening impairs liver regeneration in mice and is associated with cirrhosis formation in humans with chronic liver disease. In humans, telomerase mutations have been associated with familial diseases leading to bone marrow failure or lung fibrosis. It is currently unknown whether telomerase mutations associate with cirrhosis induced by chronic liver disease. The telomerase RNA component (TERC) and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were sequenced in 1,121 individuals (521 patients with cirrhosis induced by chronic liver disease and 600 noncirrhosis controls). Telomere length was analyzed in patients carrying telomerase gene mutations. Functional defects of telomerase gene mutations were investigated in primary human fibroblasts and patient-derived lymphocytes. An increased incidence of telomerase mutations was detected in cirrhosis patients (allele frequency 0.017) compared to noncirrhosis controls (0.003,

P

value 0.0007; relative risk [RR] 1.859; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.552–2.227). Cirrhosis patients with TERT mutations showed shortened telomeres in white blood cells compared to control patients. Cirrhosis-associated telomerase mutations led to reduced telomerase activity and defects in maintaining telomere length and the replicative potential of primary cells in culture.

Conclusion:

This study provides the first experimental evidence that telomerase gene mutations are present in patients developing cirrhosis as a consequence of chronic liver disease. These data support the concept that telomere shortening can represent a causal factor impairing liver regeneration and accelerating cirrhosis formation in response to chronic liver disease. (Hepatology 2011;)
Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen titers in prediction of treatment response to entecavir
Authors: Lee Jung Min , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Hyon Suk , Park Hana , Chang Hye Young , Kim Do Young , Hwang Seong Gyu , Rim Kyu Sung , Chon Chae Yoon , Han Kwang-Hyub , Park Jun Yong 
Published: February 2011

Abstract

Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg) and quantitative hepatitis B e antigen (qHBeAg) titers are emerging as useful tools for measuring viral loads and for predicting the virological response (VR) and serological response (SR) to pegylated interferon therapy. However, the clinical utility of these assays in patients taking entecavir (ETV) is largely unknown. Treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who were taking ETV for 2 years were enrolled. The qHBsAg and qHBeAg levels were serially measured with the Architect assay. From 95 patients, 60.0% of whom were hepatitis B e antigen–positive [HBeAg(+)], 475 samples were analyzed. The median baseline log hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, log qHBsAg, and log qHBeAg values were 6.73 copies/mL (4.04–9.11 copies/mL), 3.58 IU/mL (1.17–5.10 IU/mL), and 1.71 Paul Ehrlich (PE) IU/mL (−0.64 to 2.63 PE IU/mL), respectively. For the prediction of VR (HBV DNA < 60 copies/mL at 24 months) in HBeAg(+) patients, baseline alanine aminotransferase (

P

= 0.013), HBV DNA (

P

= 0.040), and qHBsAg levels (

P

= 0.033) were significant. For the prediction of VR, the area under the curve for the baseline log qHBsAg level was 0.823 (

P

< 0.001); a cutoff level of 3.98 IU/mL (9550 IU/mL on a nonlogarithmic scale) yielded the highest predictive value with a sensitivity of 86.8% and a specificity of 78.9%. As for SR (HBeAg loss at 24 months), the reduction of qHBeAg was significantly greater in the SR(+) group versus the SR(−) group. The sensitivity and specificity were 75.0% and 89.8%, respectively, with a decline of 1.00 PE IU/mL at 6 months. With ETV therapy, the correlation between HBV DNA and qHBsAg peaked at 6 months in HBeAg(+) patients.

Conclusion:

Both qHBsAg and qHBeAg decreased significantly with ETV therapy. The baseline qHBsAg levels and the on-treatment decline of qHBeAg in HBeAg(+) patients were proven to be highly useful in predicting VR and SR, respectively. The determination of qHBsAg and qHBeAg can help us to select the appropriate strategy for the management of patients with CHB. However, the dynamic interplay between qHBsAg, qHBeAg, and HBV DNA during antiviral therapy remains to be elucidated. (Hepatology 2011;)
A role for the CAMKK pathway in visual object recognition memory
Authors: Tinsley Chris J. , Narduzzo Katherine E. , Brown Malcolm W. , Warburton E. Clea 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe role of the CAMKK pathway in object recognition memory was investigated. Rats' performance in a preferential object recognition test was examined after local infusion into the perirhinal cortex of the CAMKK inhibitor STO‐609. STO‐609 infused either before or immediately after acquisition impaired memory tested after a 24 h but not a 20‐min delay. Memory was not impaired when STO‐609 was infused 20 min after acquisition. The expression of a downstream reaction product of CAMKK was measured by immunohistochemical staining for phospho‐CAMKIThr177 at 10, 40, 70, and 100 min following the viewing of novel and familiar images of objects. Processing familiar images resulted in more pCAMKI stained neurons in the perirhinal cortex than processing novel images at the 10‐ and 40‐min delays. Prior infusion of STO‐609 caused a reduction in pCAMKI stained neurons in response to viewing either novel or familiar images, consistent with its role as an inhibitor of CAMKK. The results establish that the CAMKK pathway within the perirhinal cortex is important for the consolidation of object recognition memory. The activation of pCAMKI after acquisition is earlier than previously reported for pCAMKII. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of fractures in older adults using antihypertensive medications
Authors: Solomon Daniel H , Mogun Helen , Garneau Katie , Fischer Michael A 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Many medications used to control blood pressure have been associated with bone metabolism. In addition, hypertension itself may be associated with reduced bone mineral density. We examined the relative risk of fracture among subjects with hypertension initiating single-drug therapy for antihypertension treatment. We assembled a large cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with a diagnosis of hypertension who had not filled a prescription for an antihypertensive medication in the prior 365 days. All subsequently began treatment with a single antihypertensive drug. These subjects were followed forward using health care utilization data to determine the risk of a typical osteoporotic fracture. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to assess the relative risk of fracture across types of antihypertensive medications. We identified 376,061 eligible subjects. Fracture rate in the total cohort was 35.2 per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.4–36.1]. Rates varied significantly across type of antihypertensive, with thiazide diuretics having the lowest rate (28.5, 95% CI 25.4–31.9) and loop diuretics the highest rate (49.0, 95% CI 46.1–52.1). In models adjusting for relevant comorbidities and comedications accessible in health care utilization data, the risk of fracture was reduced in users of angiotensin receptor blockers [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.86) and thiazide diuretics (HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.76–0.97) compared with calcium channel blockers. The adjusted fracture risk was not significantly different from the reference for loop diuretics, beta blockers, and angiotensin-conversting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It is concluded that the risk of fracture differs across users of different antihypertensive medications. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.