bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CiMT‐1, an unusual chordate metallothionein gene in Ciona intestinalis genome: structure and expression studies
Authors: Franchi Nicola , Boldrin Francesco , Ballarin Loriano , Piccinni Ester 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe present article reports on the characterization of the urochordate metallothionein (MT) gene, CiMT‐1, from the solitary ascidian Ciona intestinalis. The predicted protein is shorter than other known deuterostome MTs, having only 39 amino acids. The gene has the same tripartite structure as vertebrate MTs, with some features resembling those of echinoderm MTs. The promoter region shows the canonical cis‐acting elements recognized by transcription factors that respond to metal, ROS, and cytokines. Unusual sequences, described in fish and echinoderms, are also present. In situ hybridization suggests that only a population of hemocytes involved in immune responses, i.e. granular amebocytes, express CiMT‐1 mRNA. These observations support the idea that urochordates perform detoxification through hemocytes, and that MTs may play important roles in inflammatory humoral responses in tunicates. The reported data offer new clues for better understanding the evolution of these multivalent proteins from non‐vertebrate to vertebrate chordates and reinforce their functions in detoxification and immunity. J. Exp. Zool. 315:90–100, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired performance on the angle board test is induced in a model of painful whiplash injury but is only transient in a model of cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Dunk Nadine M. , Nicholson Kristen J. , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlthough clinical studies report motor impairment associated with some painful injuries of the neck, assessment of motor function in animal models has been largely limited only to studies of direct trauma to the nervous system. The incline plane test was modified to evaluate motor function in two rodent pain models of facet joint distraction (FJD) and nerve root compression (NRC) injury (n = 5/group). Sham groups were also included as controls. Motor function was measured using the modified inclined plane test with rats facing downward before surgery (baseline) and following surgery on days corresponding to when mechanical sensitivity is established and remains elevated. Mean baseline values of the board angle inducing slip for FJD (45.8 ± 3.1°) was significantly greater (p = 0.014) than that for NRC (43.5 ± 2.5°), but baseline measurements did not vary for either group over time. No changes in motor function were found for shams. Motor function after FJD significantly decreased (p < 0.001) at days 1 and 7 after injury. In contrast, at day 1 after NRC injury, slip occurred at significantly lower (p = 0.0016) incline angles, but returned to baseline levels by day 7. These results show motor function impairment is induced following painful FJD and suggest the incline plane test offers utility to evaluate functional deficits in painful injuries. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:562–566, 2011
The most cited works in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ponce Francisco A. , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe number of citations a work has received is a measure of its impact. We identified the top cited works in Parkinson's disease. A Web of Science search was performed for articles including the keyword “Parkinson*” in the title (the asterisk was included in the search string as a wild card character). Articles with more than 400 citations, the threshold to be considered a “citation classic,” were identified and analyzed. The 107 articles identified appeared in 33 different journals, with clinical articles primarily appearing in the New England Journal of Medicine and Lancet, and scientific articles primarily in Nature, Science, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. There were 52 laboratory studies, 38 clinical studies, 12 review articles, and 5 classifications of disease. The clinical studies included evaluation of medical and surgical therapies, and the laboratory studies included gene discovery, molecular biology, and cellular biology, as well as animal models and neuropathological studies. High impact topics included deep brain stimulation, levodopa therapy and related adverse effects, MPTP‐based animal studies, discovery and evaluation of genetic mutations, and pathogenesis related to oxidative degeneration. More than half of the articles identified in this study have been published in the past 20 years. Prior to 1990, highly cited articles in Parkinson's disease tended to be those that evaluated medical therapies and defined the clinical and neuropathological characteristics of the disease. Since 1990, a high proportion of the citation classics address the genetic characterization of and surgical treatments for the disease suggesting that these are the most significant recent developments and main drivers of impact in this field. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The nanogranular origin of friction and cohesion in shale—A strength homogenization approach to interpretation of nanoindentation results
Authors: Bobko Christopher P. , Gathier Benjamin , Ortega J. Alberto , Ulm Franz‐Josef , Borges Lavinia , Abousleiman Younane N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn inverse micromechanics approach allows interpretation of nanoindentation results to deliver cohesive‐frictional strength behavior of the porous clay binder phase in shale. A recently developed strength homogenization model, using the Linear Comparison Composite approach, considers porous clay as a granular material with a cohesive‐frictional solid phase. This strength homogenization model is employed in a Limit Analysis Solver to study indentation hardness responses and develop scaling relationships for indentation hardness with clay packing density. Using an inverse approach for nanoindentation on a variety of shale materials gives estimates of packing density distributions within each shale and demonstrates that there exists shale‐independent scaling relations of the cohesion and of the friction coefficient that vary with clay packing density. It is observed that the friction coefficient, which may be interpreted as a degree of pressure‐sensitivity in strength, tends to zero as clay packing density increases to one. In contrast, cohesion reaches its highest value as clay packing density increases to one. The physical origins of these phenomena are discussed, and related to fractal packing of these nanogranular materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of advances in sugar‐based polymers
Authors: Feng Xianhong , East Anthony J. , Hammond W. B. , Zhang Yi , Jaffe M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolymeric biomaterials, especially agricultural commodity‐based polymers, have been moving forward quickly during the last few years because of the significant rise in oil and natural gas prices. From a life‐cycle perspective, sugar is a renewable resource that has the potential to be used as an alternative to petroleum‐based polymers. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the wide utility of a cereal‐derived material, isosorbide, for high added value applications in polymers. As a bicyclic ether derivative of glucose, isosorbide is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as a “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) material. Because of its rigidity, chirality, and nontoxicity, isosorbide can be incorporated into thermosets and thermoplastics. Such processes and products offer a more sustainable and “green” technology. By making the diglycidyl ether, isosorbide epoxy resins were synthesized in this work as a new class of thermosets with comparable dry mechanical property similar to bisphenol A (BPA) epoxide. These could be a potential replacement for BPA in coatings and adhesives. By controlling the stereochemistry, multiple isosorbide‐derived AB monomers such as isosorbide methyl terephthalate were synthesized for future homopolymerization and copolymerizations with commercial available polymers like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and PLLA. The increased glass transition temperature and semicrystalline morphology of these isosorbide copolyesters demonstrate a way to improve the performance of polyester thermoplastics in many applications such as hot‐fill containers and engineering resins. All the intermediates generated during the syntheses were characterized by NMR. The thermal tests were conducted using the techniques of DSC and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combustible dust hazard recognition—An insurer's view
Authors: Febo Henry L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article will discuss some of the key factors that FM Global engineering representatives use in evaluating combustible dust hazards at insured locations. The information is used to develop underwriting information, but more importantly, it is the basis for guidance provided for the client with regard to understand the hazards of combustible dust presented by their operations. Where there are deficiencies relative to FM Global standards, detailed recommendations are provided for correction. Some brief loss background with special emphasis on the chemical industry will be provided, and 10 key factors used to develop these evaluations will be discussed. These same factors can be used by individual companies to focus their efforts in the area of prevention of incidents as a result of uncontrolled combustible dusts. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2011.
Sativex: oromucosal cannabinoid spray for spasticity in MS
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Dobson Ruth 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSativex is an oromucosal cannabinoid spray licensed as add‐on therapy for moderate to‐severe spasticity in multiple sclerosis. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and side‐effects, and Dr Ruth Dobson discusses its place in the treatment of spasticity.
Graphene‐based composite materials with high dielectric permittivity via an in situ reduction method
Authors: Cui Lili , Lu Xiaofeng , Chao Danming , Liu Hongtao , Li Yongxin , Wang Ce 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNovel nanocomposites with graphene as conductive filler have been prepared through simple ultrasonic exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO) and subsequent in situ reduction approach. The graphene oxide and graphene nanosheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The composite materials with graphene as conductive filler exhibited a low value of the percolation threshold (4.08 vol.%). It has been observed that the maximum dielectric permittivity of the composite film with 12.5 vol.% of graphene fillers achieved 2080 at 1000 Hz.
The dependence of excitation energy transfer pathways on conjugation length of carotenoids in purple bacterial photosynthetic antennae
Authors: Maruta Satoshi , Kosumi Daisuke , Horibe Tomoko , Fujii Ritsuko , Sugisaki Mitsuru , Cogdell Richard J. , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUltrafast excited state dynamics of carotenoids in solution and bound to pigment–protein complexes have been investigated by femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopic measurements. Possible excitation energy transfer (EET) pathways between carotenoids and bacteriochlorophylls and their efficiency depend strongly on the conjugation length of carotenoids. In the case of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1, dual EET channels from carotenoid to bacteriochlorophyll (S2 → Qx and S1 → Qy) upon excitation of carotenoid were observed. In the case of Rhodospirillum rubrum S1, on the other hand, the EET pathway of S1 → Qy upon excitation of carotenoid was closed, whereas reverse energy transfer from bacteriochlorophyll to carotenoid was clearly observed upon excitation of bacteriochlorophyll. The role of carotenoids in the light‐harvesting complexes is discussed in terms of their conjugation length.
Graphite–diamond phase transition induced by interlayer charge transfer exciton in visible region
Authors: Nishioka Keita , Nasu Keiichiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new photoinduced phase with interlayer σ bonds was experimentally discovered in a graphite crystal. We theoretically study the mechanism of this nonequilibrium phase transition, in terms of the proliferation of photogenerated interlayer charge transfer (CT) excitations in visible region. At the Franck–Condon state, the resultant electron–hole pair is quite unstable, being easily dissipated into the two‐dimensional (2D) electronic continuum as plus and minus free carriers. However, by a small probability, the electron and the hole are bound as an interlayer CT exciton, due to the Coulomb attraction between them. This exciton self‐localizes, contracting the interlayer distance and buckling the six membered ring of graphite, only around it. Due to plenty of excitations, interlayer σ bonds are cooperatively formed, and thus a tiny sp3 nanoscale domain appears.
Exciton spin dynamics in CdTe/ZnTe quantum structures
Authors: Tomimoto Shinichi , Nozawa Shinsuke , Terai Yoshikazu , Kuroda Shinji , Takita Kôki , Masumoto Yasuaki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the exciton spin dynamics in an ultrathin CdTe/ZnTe single quantum well (QW) and self‐assembled quantum dots (QDs) by observing time‐resolved Kerr rotation (TRKR). At temperatures low enough to suppress the thermal escape of holes from the quantum‐confinement structures, excitons dominate the TRKR signal. It shows characteristic dependence on the magnetic field, which is distinctly different from that of isolated electrons. From the data, we have estimated the electron–hole exchange energy to be 137 µeV in the QW, and larger than 190 µeV in the QDs.
Erratic strategic decisions: when and why managers are inconsistent in strategic decision making
Authors: Robert Mitchell J. , Shepherd Dean A. , Sharfman Mark P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhile decision makers in organizations frequently make good decisions rooted in stable and consistent preferences, such consistency in outcomes is not always the case. In this study, we adopt a psychological perspective of judgment to investigate managers' erratic strategic decisions, which we define as a manager's inconsistent judgments that can shape the direction of the firm. In a study of 2,048 decisions made by 64 CEOs of technology firms, we examine how both metacognitive experience and perceptions of the external environment (hostility and dynamism) could affect the extent to which managers make erratic strategic decisions. The results indicate that managers with greater metacognitive experience make less erratic strategic decisions. The results also indicate that in hostile environments managers make more erratic strategic decisions. But contrary to our expectations, in dynamic environments managers makelesserratic strategic decisions. Similarly, hostility and dynamism interact in their effect on erratic strategic decisions in that the positive relationship between environmental hostility and erratic strategic decisions will belesspositive for managers experiencing high environmental dynamism than those experiencing low environmental dynamism. These results have important implications for strategic decision‐making research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's all that (strategic) noise? anticipatory impression management in CEO succession
Authors: Graffin Scott D. , Carpenter Mason A. , Boivie Steven 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe develop and test a novel theory about strategic noise with regard to CEO appointments. Strategic noise is an anticipatory and preemptive form of impression management. At the time it announces a new CEO, a board of directors seeks to manage stakeholder impressions by simultaneously releasing confounding information about other significant events. Several CEO and firm characteristics affect the likelihood that this will happen. Strategic noise is most likely when long‐term CEOs have a wide pay gap between other top managers at high stock price performance firms, and when a new CEO does not have previous CEO experience or comes from a less well‐regarded firm. Results showing that CEO succession announcements are noisier than they would be by chance have some interesting implications for impression management theory, traditional event study methodology, and managerial and public policy. Interviews with public firm directors on CEO succession provide additional validity for the strategic noise construct and help us to articulate key elements of the theory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Photooxidation of Bis(8‐dimethylaminonaphthyl) Ditelluride
Authors: Beckmann Jens , Bolsinger Jens 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe photooxidation of (8‐Me2NC10H6Te)2 provided a complex reaction mixture from which the novel tetranuclear telluroxane cluster (8‐MeNC10H5TeO)4 (1) was isolated in 17 % yield. Compound 1 contains two 5,5′‐binaphthyl moieties that presumably formed by oxidation of C5–H bonds of the naphthyl ring. Upon formation of 1, one of the two methyl groups of the 8‐dimethylamino group was cleaved and the remaining coordinative Te···N bond turned into a covalent Te–N bond. In the solid‐state, individual molecules of 1 are associated through secondary Te···O interactions giving rise to a 1D coordination polymer.
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Flax Lignans
Authors: Comin Lauren M. , Temelli Feral , Saldaña Marleny Aranda 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLignans, such as flaxseed secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), have been implicated in the prevention of hormonally related cancers and other prevalent diseases. Lignans are typically extracted using organic solvents, which must then be removed from the extract. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) is a non‐toxic, inexpensive solvent, which, when combined with polar modifiers, can be used to extract polar phenolic compounds, such as SDG. The effects of processing conditions and pre‐treatment on the extraction of SDG using SC‐CO2 were investigated. Extraction from defatted flaxseed was performed with SC‐CO2 modified with ethanol at levels of 0, 10 and 20 mol% at different temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) and pressure (35, 40 and 45 MPa) conditions. Extracts were analyzed using RP‐HPLC. The condition (7.8 mol% ethanol, 45 MPa and 60 °C) which produced the maximum CO2 loading of SDG (0.49 μg/g CO2) was used for the pre‐treatment study, in which flaxseed defatted with petroleum ether and SC‐CO2, full‐fat hulls, defatted hulls and pre‐hydrolyzed flaxseed were used. Temperature, pressure and solvent modifier level had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the SDG loading of CO2. However, pre‐hydrolyzed seed resulted in a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher CO2 loading of SDG (3.8 μg/g CO2) compared to the other treatments studied. The yields obtained represented only a small fraction of the original lignan content (15 mg/g petroleum ether defatted flaxseed).
Imprinting des RB1-Gens und „Parent-of-Origin-Effekte“ beim Retinoblastom
Authors: Lohmann D. 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Mutationen beider Allele des Retinoblastomgens (RB1) sind Voraussetzung für die Entstehung des Retinoblastoms. Dieser Augentumor kann auf der Grundlage einer autosomal-dominanten Disposition entstehen, die durch Keimbahnmutationen im RB1-Gen verursacht wird. Die Entstehung eines Tumorherds wird durch eine somatische Mutation des anderen RB1-Allels ausgelöst. Bei Patienten mit der nichterblichen Form sind beide RB1-Mutationen somatisch. Beim erblichen und beim nichterblichen Retinoblastom können Elterneffekte beobachtet werden. Diesen ist gemeinsam, dass die onkogene Wirkung der ersten Mutation höher ist, wenn sie das RB1-Allel paternaler Herkunft betrifft. Das RB1-Gen des Menschen unterliegt dem Imprinting: Als indirekte Folge differenzieller Methylierung einer CpG-Insel im Intron 2 überwiegt die Expression der mit Exon 1 beginnenden Transkripte vom maternalen, methylierten Allel. Ob und wie das Imprinting dieser CpG-Insel zu den beobachteten Elterneffekten führt, ist noch ungeklärt.
Acute scrotal ultrasound: a practical guide
Authors: Heller Matthew T. , Fargiano Antonio , Rudzinski Scott , Johnson Nathan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide a practical review of common ultrasound (US) findings in patients presenting with acute scrotal pain.MethodsWe performed a literature search and reviewed numerous US cases archived in the radiology department of a large university hospital to find examples that illustrate the common US findings encountered in acute scrotal pain.ResultsWe reviewed the literature and provided several practical examples of common US findings in patients presenting with acute scrotal pain.ConclusionScrotal US plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of acute scrotal pain and allows proper triage of patients for conservative, medical, or surgical management due to its ability to rapidly differentiate intra versus extratesticular pathology, determine extent of trauma, and assess parenchymal perfusion.
Oral nitric‐oxide donor glyceryl‐trinitrate induces sensitization in spinal cord pain processing in migraineurs: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study
Authors: Perrottal Armando , Serraol Mariano , Tassorellil Cristina , Arce‐Leall Natalia , Guaschinol Elena , Sancesl Grazia , Rossil Paolo , Bartolol Michelangelo , Pierellil Francesco , Sandrinil Giorgio , Nappil Giuseppe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNitric‐oxide donor glyceryl‐trinitrate (GTN) modulates cerebral and spinal regions that are involved in migraine and pain processing. We hypothesized that in migraineurs, the susceptibility to develop a migraine attack after GTN administration should parallel with an high sensitivity to GTN‐induced change in the pain processing at spinal level.We used the temporal summation threshold (TST) of the lower limb nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and the related pain sensation to study in parallel the time‐course of the effect of the GTN administration on the pain processing at spinal level in migraine and healthy subjects. Twenty‐eight (21 F; 7 M; mean age 34.2±8.2) migraine and 15 (11 F; 4 M; mean age 35.9±8.9) healthy subjects were recruited in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial. Neurophysiological examinations were carried out before (baseline) and 30′, 60′, 120′, 180′ and 240′ after GTN (0.9 mg sublingual) or placebo administration during two different sessions.In migraineurs, GTN administration was associated to a significant facilitation in temporal summation of pain (reduced TST and increased painful sensation) 60′, 120′ and 180′ after drug intake when compared to baseline, to placebo condition and to controls after GTN intake. Furthermore, in migraineurs who developed migraine after GTN, a significant facilitation in temporal summation of pain was detected 60′, 120′ and 180′ after drug intake when compared to patients without clinical response.In migraineurs the susceptibility to develop migraine attack after GTN administration seems to be a specific trait of a subgroup of patients linked to a supersensitivity of the pain system to GTN.