bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘More than Words’: touch practices in child and family social work
Authors: Lynch Rachel , Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper explored the subject of physical touch occurring between social workers and children in the Republic of Ireland. Here, it was maintained that touch practices occupy an ambiguous area for social work practitioners. The empirical component was based on interviews that were conducted with a small group of practitioners in one particular Irish county. The study provided insight into the social workers' personal experiences of, and opinions on, touch with children in the context of their practice. Despite a lack of prescriptive ‘do's and don'ts’ regarding physical touch and social work, the findings suggested that social workers do not consciously engage in physical touch with children. Rather, touch occurs as a result of practicality and safety concerns for a child. Recognized as beneficial in terms of communication, reassurance and conveying empathy, touch practices are also guided by a fear of misinterpretation, allegations and concern for causing harm to the child. The place of physical touch with children is regarded as being outside the remit of the social work role. Despite this, a majority of those interviewed spoke of a desire to have more discussion and guidance on the subject of physical touch with children within their work locations.
Self‐reported drug allergies and the diagnostic work‐up in the surgical population
Authors: Tamayo Eduardo , Álvarez F. Javier , Castrodeza Javier , Yánez Javier , Arnaiz Pilar , Lajo Carmen , Soria Susana 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective  The diagnostic work‐up of a drug hypersensitivity reaction is indeed difficult. In general, medical documentation of allergic reactions in medical reports is usually highly deficient or non‐existent. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of self‐reported drug allergies in the surgical population as well as the criteria used in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions.Methods  A prospective study with the consecutive participation of 1439 patients, following surgical intervention, attended the Post‐Operative Care Unit. Previously, as a routine process during the pre‐anesthesia consultation, all patients were questioned about whether they had any drug allergies to report and diagnostic work‐up.Results  The prevalence of self‐reported drug allergies was 8.3% (119/1439): 3.6% considered themselves allergic to β‐lactams and 2.4% to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Approximately one‐third of the subjects (40 out of the 119) had not been subjected to any allergy diagnostic procedure and with 79 (66.4%), the only diagnostic test used by the Allergy Unit had been the skin prick‐test. None of those participating in the study had tryptase, methylhistamine, specific IgE or intradermal tests carried out to characterize the diagnosis of the allergic reaction.Conclusions  These results show that self‐reported drug allergies are highly prevalent and as yet little explored. It is an important prevalence which should bring about modifications to the prescription of certain medicaments. The medical personnel must be made aware of the need to make an accurate diagnosis of allergies to medicaments.
The improper use of research placebos
Authors: Kottow Miguel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRationale  Reasons given for the routine use of placebos in Phase III clinical research are not convincing. Ethically inadequate strategies such as using placebos and recruiting the mentally incompetent for non‐therapeutic research are allegedly permissible because research is purportedly aimed at benefiting the common weal.Method and results  A review of current literature concludes that placebos are not equivalent to inactive substances, as has been amply shown in clinical use; in research settings they may actually be harmful, for patients recruited as research subjects often develop expectations that are all the more frustrated if they receive a control substance that is not therapeutic but may show unexpected side effects. Supposedly inert control substances have met with strong opposition, for patients are placed at risk of becoming therapeutic orphans when their current medication is withdrawn and they have a 50% chance of being randomized to the inactive control arm. Using placebos, it is claimed, increase the internal validity of a study, but this concern appears misplaced when scant attention to external validity is given.Conclusions  Although rejected and disregarded by many investigators, it is an accepted practice that control groups should receive the best treatment in existence, not what is locally available nor a placebo. Inactive comparators should only be used when no effective medications exists for the disease under scrutiny. Bioethics should be wary of the tenuous justifications presented, as researchers rarely resort to placebos in their own sponsor countries, while actively endorsing them in Third World nations where most of their trials are being located.
FabAct®: a decision‐making tool for the anticipation of the preparation of anticancer drugs
Authors: Bonan Brigitte , Martelli Nicolas , Berhoune Malik , Vidal Ludovic‐Alexandre , Sahin Evren , Prognon Patrice 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRationale  Due to the increase of new cancer cases, our chemotherapy compounding unit must face with ever‐growing production needs. To support this increasing workload, we decided to anticipate the preparation of several anti‐cancer drugs.Aims and objectives  To help us in the decision making, we needed a modern tool able to combine several criteria for selecting appropriate medications for an anticipated preparation. The aim of this study was to assess the decision‐making software, FabAct® (Version 1.0).Methods  FabAct® ranked all of the anti‐cancer drugs used in our chemotherapy compounding unit according to price, chemical stability, compounding difficulties, dosage and production per year. Then, we started to anticipate currently the preparation of four medications and conducted a follow‐up of destroyed preparations between January and May 2007. We tried to identify the destruction causes and calculated the time saved for the patients and for the pharmacy technicians.Results  According to the decision‐making software, the first four drugs for an anticipated preparation were: fluorouracil, cisplatin, carboplatin and paclitaxel. A total of 3913 (50.2%) anticipated preparations were performed and among those, 470 (12%) were destroyed. The main cause of destruction was due to the preparation expiration. Finally, the mean waiting time per patient was reduced from 118 minutes to 68 minutes after the application of the anticipated model.Conclusion  According to this 5‐month follow‐up, FabAct® helped us to select appropriate anti‐cancer drugs to anticipate the compounding. Most of the anticipated preparations were administrated to patients and the patient waiting time was significantly reduced.
Doctors' perceptions of laboratory monitoring in office practice
Authors: Goldman Roberta E. , Soran Christine S. , Hayward Geoffrey L. , Simon Steven R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground  Laboratory monitoring has been increasingly recognized as an important area for improving patient safety in ambulatory care. Little is known about doctors' attitudes towards laboratory monitoring and potential ways to improve it.Methods  Six focus groups and one individual interview with 20 primary care doctors and nine specialists from three Massachusetts communities.Results  Participants viewed laboratory monitoring as a critical, time‐consuming task integral to their practice of medicine. Most believed they commit few laboratory monitoring errors and were surprised at the error rates reported in the literature. They listed various barriers to monitoring, including not knowing which doctor was responsible for ensuring the completion of laboratory monitoring, uncertainty regarding the necessity of monitoring, lack of alerts/reminders and patient non‐adherence with recommended monitoring. The primary facilitator of monitoring was ordering laboratory tests while the patient is in the office. Primary care doctors felt more strongly than specialists that computerized alerts could improve laboratory monitoring. Participants wanted to individualize alerts for their practices and warned that alerts must not interrupt work flow or require too many clicks.Conclusions  Doctors in community practice recognized the potential of computerized alerts to enhance their monitoring protocols for some medications. They viewed patient non‐adherence as a barrier to optimal monitoring. Interventions to improve laboratory monitoring should address doctor workflow issues, in addition to patients' awareness of the importance of fulfilling recommended therapeutic monitoring to prevent adverse drug events.
Association of prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 gene polymorphisms with asthma and atopy in Chinese children
Authors: Chan I. H. S. , Tang N. L. S. , Leung T. F. , Ma S. L. , Zhang Y. P. , Wong G. W. K. , Wong C. K. , Lam C. W. K. 
Published: July 2010

Background:  Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) plays essential roles in inflammation. Previous studies have suggested associations between prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) polymorphisms and prostaglandins production in asthma.Objective:  We have investigated the effects of Chinese tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTGS2 on asthma traits in 299 Chinese asthmatic children and 175 controls.Methods:  Plasma total and allergen‐specific IgE were measured by enzyme immunoassay. PTGS2.8473T→C in the 3′‐untranslated region of exon 10 and three tag SNPs covering most of the variations in PTGS2 haplotypes in Chinese were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results:  Among the four SNPs, only PTGS2.8473 showed significant association with asthma (P = 0.034) and atopy (P = 0.005 when compared with non‐atopic controls; P = 0.023 with all controls). Carriers of the C allele had a 1.5‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.30) risk of developing asthma than those homozygous for the T allele. Multivariate regression revealed significant correlations between PTGS2.8473 and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; P = 0.002) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR; P = 0.001) with age and gender adjusted. Patients with the C allele of PTGS2.8473 had significantly lower FEV1 (median: 90.0%vs 98.0%; P = 0.0047) and PEFR (70.0%vs 73.5%; P = 0.0065) than those homozygous for the T allele. No significant association between plasma total and allergen‐specific IgE and these SNPs or with their haplotypes was found.Conclusions:  PTGS2.8473 polymorphism is associated with asthma, atopy and lung function but not plasma IgE in Chinese children. This may help to explore the pharmacogenetics of COX‐2 inhibitors.
Factors associated with severity of occupational asthma with a latency period at diagnosis
Authors: Descatha A. , Leproust H. , Choudat D. , Garnier R. , Pairon J.‐C. , Ameille J. 
Published: July 2010

Background:  Severity of occupational asthma at diagnosis is an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to determine which factors affect the severity of occupational asthma with a latency period at diagnosis.Methods:  The study population consisted of 229 consecutive subjects with occupational asthma with a latency period recruited by four occupational health departments and divided into two groups according to the severity of the disease at diagnosis. The moderate‐severe (FEV1 <70% predicted, or PD20 methacholine ≤300 μg; n = 101) and mild (FEV1≥70% predicted and PD20 methacholine >300 μg, n = 128) groups were compared in terms of clinical and demographic parameters. Multivariate analysis using logistic regressions was performed to examine factors associated with asthma severity.Results:  Duration of symptoms before diagnosis was significantly longer in the moderate‐severe group (mean ± SD: 6.3 ± 6.8 years vs 3.4 ± 4.4 years, P < 0.001). Sex ratio, age, atopy, smoking habits, duration of exposure before symptoms, and molecular weight of the causal agent were not significantly different between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, only duration of symptoms before diagnosis was associated with asthma severity (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.18, P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Severity of occupational asthma with a latency period at diagnosis was associated with duration of symptoms before diagnosis, but not with the type of causal agent. This finding emphasizes the need for early diagnosis and avoidance of exposure.
Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense with pulmonary nodules in a kidney transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Doggett J.S. , Strasfeld L. 
Published: July 2010

J.S. Doggett, L. Strasfeld. Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense with pulmonary nodules in a kidney transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 38–43. All rights reservedAbstract: We report a case of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense with pulmonary nodules in a kidney transplant recipient and review the associated literature. Disease caused by M. genavense has been recognized in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients since 1990, with subsequent case reports in other immunocompromised host populations. In AIDS patients, pulmonary lesions are an uncommon finding. This is the first report to our knowledge of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative patient with pulmonary nodules as a feature of disseminated M. genavense. Diagnosis of M. genavense is often challenging and frequently requires nucleic acid‐based identification techniques. Because of limitations in culture and drug susceptibility testing, treatment regimens rely on reported clinical experience. This case report and literature review illustrates a successful approach to the diagnosis and treatment of disseminated M. genavense and summarizes the reports of M. genavense infection in HIV‐negative patients.
Regulation of Nucleolar RNA Metabolism by Hydrocortisone
Authors: Jacob S. T. , Sajdel E. M. , Munro H. N. 
Published: July 2010

Purified rat liver nucleoli were examined for RNA polymerase activity in the presence of Mg2+ and of Mn2+ with added ammonium sulfate. Both types of activity were found to be present in this organelle.A single injection of hydrocortisone 21‐phosphate into adrenalectomized rats resulted, after 3.5 hours, in a threefold increase in the Mg2+‐dependent polymerase activity while the Mn2+‐dependent polymerase activity was not significantly altered. When rats were injected with [14C]orotic acid hydrocortisone induced a 60% increase in the synthesis of 45 S RNA isolated from nucleoli. Pulse‐chase experiments using low doses of actinomycin D suggested that the hormone enhances the turnover of newly synthesized 45 S RNA.Similar studies on extra‐nucleolar RNA produced smaller changes in the synthesis of this RNA fraction following hydrocortisone treatment and the pattern of RNA turnover in the chase experiments was not affected by the hormone.
Study of the Dansylation Reaction of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Gros C. , Labouesse B. 
Published: July 2010

The reaction rates between dansyl chloride and water, amino acids or peptides are studied as a function of pH and temperature. The rate of hydrolysis of dansyl chloride is constant and low up to pH 9.5 and above this pH it increases rapidly. The various reactive groups of amino acids and peptides react with dansyl chloride in their unprotonated form. It is shown that a compromise for optima conditions of dansylation (pH and temperature) may be found, taking into account the rate of hydrolysis and the pK of the group to be dansylated.A complete chromatographic separation on Silica gel G thin layer plates of dansyl amino acids is proposed using 4 solvents. The quantitative recovery of the separated derivatives is described.The study of the acid hydrolysis of dansylated proteins shows that the release of the dansyl derivatives from the peptide chain is faster than that of free amino acids; it also shows that the destruction of dansyl amino acids occurs rather rapidly. Therefore a hydrolysis time of 4 hours (110°) is suggested, except in the special cases of the release of dansyl valine, dansyl leucine or dansyl isoleucine which needs 18 hours of hydrolysis.For quantitative estimation of each dansyl derivative a correction factor is given, taking into account the loss during hydrolysis, the recovery from the plates and the individual fluorescence of any dansyl derivative as compared to the fluorescence of a reference compound.The general conditions described in this work require 1 nmole of material for qualitative determination of the N‐terminal amino acids, and 5–10 nmoles for their quantitative estimation.Some examples (α‐chymotrypsin, trypsinogen, ribonuclease, lysozyme, aspartokinase and triose phosphate dehydrogenase) illustrate the efficiency of the method.
Studies on the Structures and Apoprotein Linkages of the Phycobilins
Authors: Rüdiger W. , Carra P. Ó 
Published: July 2010

The structures of the phycobilins have been studied by chromic acid oxidation followed by identification of the imide products by thin layer chromatography. The results, in conjunction with spectral and other data, permit the assignment to phycoerythrobilin of a structure which may be regarded as a derivative of mesobilidiene a, b IXα, with the ethyl side‐chain and ring double‐bond of ring A replaced by an isomeric ethylidene grouping, and the ethyl side‐chain of ring D replaced by a vinyl group. Phycocyanobilin has an isomeric bilitriene structure which may be regarded as mesobilitriene IXα with the ethyl side‐chain and ring double‐bond of ring A replaced by an ethylidene grouping.Oxidation of intact algal biliproteins reveals that the covalent linkages of the above two phycobilins to their apoproteins involve both a group in ring A, probably the ring nitrogen group, and a carboxyl group of one of the propionic acid side‐chains.
Déficience en cytochrome oxydase chez les souches de Saccharomyces cerevisiae exigeant la thréonine pour leur croissance
Authors: Surdin Y. , de Robichon‐Szulmajster H. , Lachowicz T. M. , Slonimski P. P. 
Published: July 2010

During the study of the biosynthesis of threonine and methionine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae it appeared that the strains carrying the unliked mutated alleles thr2 or thr3 were devoid of cytochrome oxidase activity. Genetic studies have shown that: (a) these strains are not petites; (b) the cytochrome oxidase deficiency segregates with the auxotrophic character for threonine and methionine; (c) reversion to prototrophy simultaneously leads to the recovery of cytochrome oxidase synthesis; (d) the presence of a suppressor for one heteroallele of the thr2 locus leads also to the recovery of cytochrome oxidase synthesis.Additional studies have shown that partial cytochrome oxidase deficiency is found in mutants blocked at other steps in the threonine biosynthetic pathway. The multiplicity of unlinked genes giving such an effect has led to the hypothesis of a metabolic relationship between the two phenotypes.
Synthesis of δ‐Aminolaevulinate Synthase in vitro Using Hepatic mRNA from Chick Embryos with Induced Porphyria
Authors: BROOKER John D. , MAY Brian K. , ELLIOTT William H. 
Published: July 2010

Polyadenylated mRNA was isolated from chick embryo liver following induction of hepatic porphyria. The RNA was translated in vitro using a wheat germ cell‐free system and δ‐aminolaevulinate synthase was identified in the translation products by indirect immunoprecipitation. The enzyme was not apparent in the translation products of polyadenylated RNA from non‐induced livers.The molecular weight of δ‐aminolaevulinate synthase synthesised in vitro was 70000 and the protein was estimated to represent up to 5% of total products synthesised in vitro.These data demonstrate for the first time that induction of chick embryo liver δ‐aminolaevulinate synthase activity in hepatic porphyria correlates with a large increase in the translational capacity of isolated polyadenylated RNA for this enzyme and, together with preliminary cDNA · RNA hybridization studies, indicate that an increase in the level of δ‐aminolaevulinate synthase mRNA is responsible.
Photoinduced Protein‐RNA Cross‐Linking in Mammalian 80‐S Ribosomes
Authors: REBOUD Anne‐Marie , BUISSON Monique , DUBOST Simone , REBOUD Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2010

RNA‐protein interactions in the 80‐S rat liver ribosomes were studied by measuring cross‐linking of proteins to rRNAs induced by ultraviolet radiation, as already reported for free 40‐S and 60‐S subunits. Our results are compatible with the model in which most of the ribosomal proteins are accessible to rRNAs in the native conformational state of the ribosomes. Subunit association in 80‐S ribosomes does not seem to induce modifications in protein‐RNA interactions as measured by this irradiation technique. However, two proteins, S9 and S13, appeared to be significantly less cross‐linked with RNA in ribosomes than in free subunits.Ribosomes which had been frozen and thawed several times were highly sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. Such treatment in the cold chiefly modified their 60‐S subunit moiety.
Subunit Composition and Partial Reactions of the 2‐Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex of Acetobacter xylinum
Authors: De Kok Arie , KORNFELD Saul , BENZIMAN Moshe , MILNER Yoram 
Published: July 2010

The 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from Acetobacter xylinum consists of three components, 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), lipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The molecular weight of the complex as studied by sedimentation and diffusion is 2.6 × 106. The E1 component and the E2E3 subcomplex were purified by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration after dissociation of the complex at pH 9.8. The E2E3 subcomplex was further dissociated in 1 M NaCl at neutral pH and the components purified by gel filtration.The active E1 component is a tetramer of Mr 360000. The E3 component is a dimer of Mr 103000. The E2E3 subcomplex showed an S20,w value of 36.6 S indicating an Mr around 1.6 × 106. The Mr of E2 was estimated to be 900000. From these data and the chain weights as derived from sodium dodecylsulphate gel electrophoresis it was concluded that the complex consists of 12 E1, 12 E2 and 12 E3 chains.Incorporation of N‐ethyl[2,3‐14C]maleimide in the presence of NADH indicated the presence of 12 reactive SH groups per complex located on the E2 component. Titration of the lipoyl moiety with substoichiometric amounts of N‐ethylmaleimide in the presence of NADH, as assayed by cleavage with 5,5′‐dithio‐bis(2‐nitrobenzoic acid), indicated that the complex contains 12 lipoyl groups of which only one of the two SH groups is reactive towards N‐ethylmaleimide.In agreement with this number, reaction of the complex with 2‐oxo[2‐14C]glutarate yields incorporation of 12–14 mol succinyl groups/mol complex. With non‐saturating concentrations of 2‐oxo‐glutarate, the presence of the allosteric effector AMP or addition of N‐ethylmaleimide was required for maximum incorporation. AMP caused enhancement of the rate of succinylation with cooperative dependence on the AMP concentration, Hill coefficient h= 1.3 at pH 7.4 and h= 2 at pH 8.2. N‐Ethylmaleimide prevented desuccinylation. The rate of succinylation was at least six times slower than the rate of FAD reduction as measured from the decrease in fluorescence in the presence of coenzyme A. This indicates that either coenzyme A participates in the succinylation of the lipoyl moiety or that the formation of succinyllipoate is a side reaction of the catalytic pathway, which takes only place in the absence of coenzyme A.