bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemoembolization of colorectal liver metastases with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodol, and polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Albert Marissa , Kiefer Matthew V. , Sun Weijing , Haller Daniel , Fraker Douglas L. , Tuite Catherine M. , Stavropoulos S. William , Mondschein Jeffrey I. , Soulen Michael C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Unresectable colorectal liver metastases have a 1‐ and 2‐year survival of 55% and 33% with current systemic therapies. The authors evaluated response and survival after transarterial chemoembolization.METHODS:Chemoembolization with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, ethiodized oil, and polyvinyl alcohol particles was performed at monthly intervals for 1 to 4 sessions. Cross‐sectional imaging and clinical and laboratory evaluation were performed before treatment, 1 month after treatment, and then every 3 months. A second cycle was performed for intrahepatic recurrence. Toxicity was assessed using National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria version 3.0. Response was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Progression and survival were estimated with Kaplan‐Meier analysis.RESULTS:A total of 245 treatments were performed over 141 cycles on 121 patients. Ninety‐five of 141 treatment cycles were evaluable for response: 2 (2%) partial response, 39 (41%) stable disease, and 54 (57%) progression. Median time to disease progression (TTP) in the treated liver was 5 months, and median TTP anywhere was 3 months. Median survival was 33 months from diagnosis of the primary colon cancer, 27 months from development of liver metastases, and 9 months from chemoembolization. Survival was significantly better when chemoembolization was performed after first‐ or second‐line systemic therapy (11‐12 months) than after third‐ to fifth‐line therapies (6 months) (P = .03). Presence of extrahepatic metastases did not adversely affect survival (P = .48).CONCLUSIONS:Chemoembolization provided local disease control of hepatic metastases after 43% of treatment cycles. Median survival was 27 months overall, and 11 months when initiated for salvage after failure of second‐line systemic therapy. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Soft tissue sarcoma presenting with metastatic disease
Authors: Ferguson Peter C. , Deheshi Benjamin M. , Chung Peter , Catton Charles N. , O'Sullivan Brian , Gupta Abha , Griffin Anthony M. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to assess patient, tumor, and treatment factors that affected overall survival in a group of patients who underwent surgery for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and presented with American Joint Commission on Cancer stage IV disease.METHODS:A retrospective review was undertaken of a single institution's database from the years 1986 to 2006 in all patients who met the following inclusion criteria: 1) surgical management of the primary tumor was undertaken, and 2) metastatic disease was present at the time of initial presentation. In total, 112 patients were identified who met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS:The 5‐year survival rate for the entire group was 17%. In univariate analysis, the variables that were identified as statistically significant for predicting improved overall survival were resection of metastatic disease (P = .003), <4 pulmonary metastases (P = .05), and the presence of lymph node metastases versus pulmonary metastases (P = .0002). In multivariate analysis, only the presence of lymph node metastases versus pulmonary metastases retained statistical significance (P = .05). The 5‐year survival rate for patients who had lymph nodes metastases at diagnosis was 59%, whereas it was only 8% for patients who presented with pulmonary metastases.CONCLUSIONS:Patients who presented with metastatic STS had a very poor prognosis despite aggressive surgical management of their primary tumor. The current results indicated that, although patients with isolated lymph node metastases may be cured by surgical resection, patients with pulmonary metastases are unlikely to be cured even with aggressive surgical management and should be treated with palliation of symptoms as the main objective. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Contemporary use of perioperative cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Raj Ganesh V. , Karavadia Saumil , Schlomer Bruce , Arriaga Yull , Lotan Yair , Sagalowsky Arthur , Frenkel Eugene 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Level I evidence indicates that neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, in combination with radical cystectomy (RC), is associated with a significant survival advantage for patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Despite this, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not uniformly used. Our objective was to determine the patterns of utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing RC for muscle invasive bladder cancer in a contemporary cohort in a tertiary care center.METHODS:A retrospective review was performed of patients with bladder cancer who underwent RC between 2003 and 2008 at our institution. Clinical stage, pathologic stage, renal function, and perioperative chemotherapy treatments were tabulated. Primary outcome measures were the type and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy among eligible patients. Secondary measures were the utilization patterns of adjuvant chemotherapy, renal function, pathologic outcomes, and disease specific and overall survival. Reasons for nonutilization of chemotherapy were also examined.RESULTS:Among 238 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer, 145 had a preoperative clinical stage ≥T2. Only 17% (25 of 145) of these patients received cisplatin‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The renal function was adequate (CrCl > 60 ml/min) in 97 (67%) of these patients. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had higher p0 rates (29% vs 8%) than patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Advanced patient age, comorbidities, concerns over toxicity of chemotherapy, and the modest nature of benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy may explain why this treatment is not often used.CONCLUSIONS:Despite level I evidence, neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapies continue to be underutilized in the management of bladder cancer, even at a high‐volume tertiary center. A prospective evaluation of management choices, including the patient and physician factors involved in the use of perioperative cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in bladder cancer, is indicated. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
An Efficient Route to Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Films with Improved Electrochromic Properties
Authors: Wu Wei‐Ting , Liao Wen‐Pin , Chen Jen‐Sue , Wu Jih‐Jen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn effective chemical route to nanostructured tungsten oxide films derived from a peroxopolytungstic acid (PTA)/thiourea precursor solution is demonstrated. The conventional procedure of preparing the precursor needs more than 24 h for well‐mixing and refluxing the PTA‐based solution, while the thiourea‐assisted approach takes less than 1 h to prepare the precursor solution because the excess hydrogen peroxide can be efficiently eliminated by oxidation of thiourea. With the precursor solution, tungsten oxide films are deposited by spin coating followed by high temperature annealing. The film annealed at 400 °C possesses a porous nanostructure of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide embedded in an amorphous tungsten oxide matrix, which arises from the gaseous species released through decomposition of thiourea oxides during annealing. The 400 °C‐annealed, thiourea‐assisted tungsten oxide film exhibits electrochromic (EC) properties superior to those of the film prepared without thiourea, including large transmittance modulation and coloration efficiency, fast response time and adequate reliability. When increasing the annealing temperature to 450 °C, the thiourea‐assisted tungsten oxide film is also porous but well‐crystallized and shows inferior EC properties. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicates that, in addition to the porous structure, a fast charge‐transport rate within the solid portion of the 400 °C‐annealed nanostructured film plays a crucial role in enhancing EC performances of the thiourea‐assisted tungsten oxide film.
Long‐term follow‐up of monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis detected in environmental health studies
Authors: Marti Gerald E. , Shim Youn K. , Albitar Maher , Middleton Dan , Abbasi Fatima , Anderson Ayana , Vogt Robert F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Four individuals in whom Monoclonal B cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) had been previously detected were evaluated for the fourth time after 15–18 years since initial testing. All four were environmental health study participants without hematologic malignancies who had elevated absolute B cell counts at initial testing.Methods:The current laboratory evaluation included complete blood counts, lymphocyte immunophenotypes, immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable (IGHV) gene mutation status, and serum tests for monoclonal immunoglobulins and free light chains. Results from this evaluation were compared with those from the three previous evaluations. Clinical status was assessed by reviewing medical records.Results:B‐cell clones with phenotypic characteristics of the original MBL clone were detected in three of the four individuals. Since the last evaluation in 2003, one participant who had a clinical diagnosis of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia had developed a diffuse large cell lymphoma and was treated. Another participant continued to show a decline in lymphocyte and B cell counts, reaching clinical lymphocytopenia and B cell lymphopenia. The MBL clone was still detectable. The remaining two participants had stable blood counts and MBL phenotypes. Neither had been diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy. However, molecular analysis revealed clonal changes in both: one showed a marked decline in the percentage of somatically‐mutated B cells, and the other showed a clonal transition from IGHV3‐13 to IGHV4‐34.Conclusions:A diversity of clonal evolution was observed in these MBL cases. These observations suggest that long‐term follow‐up studies using standardized MBL subcategories are essential to understanding B‐cell pathobiology and optimizing clinical management. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and CLL‐type monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL) show differential expression of molecules involved in lymphoid tissue homing
Authors: Rawstron Andy C. , Shingles Jane , de Tute Ruth , Bennett Fiona , Jack Andrew S. , Hillmen Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to screen for cell surface markers that could discriminate CLL‐type MBL from CLL or identify CLL cases likely to have stable disease.Methods:Six color flow cytometry was performed on CLL‐type MBL (n = 94) and CLL (n = 387) at diagnosis or relapse; 39 cases had poor‐risk chromosomal abnormalities (17p and/or 11q deletion). Expression of 30 markers was analysed: CCR6, CD10, CD103, CD11c, CD138, CD200, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD25, CD27, CD31, CD38, CD39, CD43, CD49d, CD5, CD52, CD62L, CD63, CD79b, CD81, CD86, CD95, CXCR5, HLADR, IgD, IgG, IgM, LAIR1.Results:There was no difference in expression between CLL‐type MBL and CLL for the majority of markers. Differential expression was observed for several markers, mainly between MBL and CLL cases with adverse‐risk chromosomal abnormalities. These differences included lower expression of CD38 (9.4‐fold lower, P = 0.007) and CD49d (3.2‐fold lower, P = 0.008) and higher expression of LAIR‐1 (3.7‐fold higher, P = 0.003), CXCR5 (1.25‐fold higher, P = 0.002), and CCR6 (1.9‐fold higher P < 0.001) on CLL‐type MBL compared to CLL with adverse chromosomal abnormalities. CD62L (L‐selectin) which mediates lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial venules of lymphoid tissue, was expressed at a significantly different level between CLL‐type MBL and both CLL sub‐groups, with 1.3‐fold lower (P = 0.04) expression levels on the MBL cases. However, there was broad overlap in expression levels.Conclusions:CLL‐type MBL is phenotypically identical to CLL for a very broad range of markers. Differential expression is predominantly related to known prognostic markers and proteins involved in homing to lymphoid tissue. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Prevalence of monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis: A systematic review
Authors: Shim Youn K. , Middleton Dannie C. , Caporaso Neil E. , Rachel Jane M. , Landgren Ola , Abbasi Fatima , Raveche Elizabeth S. , Rawstron Andy C. , Orfao Alberto , Marti Gerald E. , Vogt Robert F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Individuals with monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (MBL) have been identified in clinic outpatients, in unaffected relatives of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and in general populations. MBL and its relationship with CLL have been actively investigated over the last decade. This report systematically reviews the prevalence of MBL in the context of the populations studied and the evolution of laboratory methods used to define MBL.Methods:To identify published studies that have assessed the prevalence of MBL, we systematically searched the MEDLINE® databases and consulted with members of the International MBL Study Group. We reviewed the 10 articles that were identified by this process. We abstracted information on study populations, laboratory tests, criteria for designating MBL, and the reported frequencies.Results:Three of the ten studies were published in 2009, three between 2007 and 2008, and four between 2002 and 2004. Reported prevalences varied widely, ranging from 0.12 to 18.2%. This variability was clearly associated with both the laboratory methods and the populations studied. MBL was more common among older individuals and kindred of persons with CLL. The most common MBL subtype was CLL‐like MBL.Conclusions:Large population‐based studies of MBL that employ standardized laboratory methods with a consensus case definition are needed to assess prevalence and establish risk factors. These studies should include prospective follow‐up of MBL cases to determine the relationship between MBL and CLL. Data from original studies should be reported in sufficient detail to allow future synthesis of information from multiple studies, such as meta‐analysis. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis in hepatitis C virus infected individuals
Authors: Fazi Claudia , Dagklis Antonis , Cottini Francesca , Scarfò Lydia , Bertilaccio Maria Teresa Sabrina , Finazzi Renato , Memoli Massimo , Ghia Paolo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a preclinical condition characterized by an expansion of clonal B cells in the absence of B lymphocytosis (BALC < 5 × 109/L) in the peripheral blood, without clinical signs, suggestive of a lymphoproliferative disorder. B cell clonal expansions are also associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and they can evolve into lymphoproliferative disorders such as mixed cryoglobulinemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The relationship between MBL and HCV infection has not been established yet.Methods:By five‐colour flow cytometry, we analyzed 123 HCV positive subjects with diagnosis of chronic hepatitis (94) or cirrhosis (29); 16 of those with cirrhosis had a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Results:MBL were identified in 35/123 (28.5%), at significantly higher frequency than in the general population. Sixteen/thirty‐five were atypical‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) MBL (CD5+, CD20bright), 13/35 were CLL‐like MBL (CD5bright, CD20dim), and 6/35 were CD5− MBL. Twenty‐four/ninety‐four (25.5%) patients affected by chronic hepatitis had MBL, whereas 11/29 (37.9%) patients with cirrhosis showed a B cell clone. A biased usage of IGHVgenes similar to HCV‐associated NHL was evident.Conclusions:All three types of MBL can be identified in HCV‐infected individuals at a higher frequency than in the general population, and their presence appears to correlate with a more advanced disease stage. The phenotypic heterogeneity is reminiscent of the diversity of NHL arising in the context of HCV infection. The persistence of HCV may be responsible for the dysregulation of the immune system and in particular of the B cell compartment. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Commentary: Comparison of current flow cytometry methods for monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis detection
Authors: Nieto Wendy G. , Almeida Julia , Teodosio Cristina , Abbasi Fatima , Allgood Sallie D. , Connors Fiona , Rachel Jane M. , Ghia Paolo , Lanasa Mark C. , Rawstron Andy C. , Orfao Alberto , Caporaso Neil E. , Hanson Curt A. , Shim Youn K. , Vogt Robert F. , Marti Gerald E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMonoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is now recognized as the B‐lymphocyte analogue of a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. MBL can be the precursor of chronic lymphocytic leukemia or associated with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. It may be associated with an autoimmune abnormality or be related to aging (immunosenescence). The combination of available new fluorochrome‐conjugated monoclonal antibody reagents, multilaser instrumentation, and improved software tools have led to a new level of multicolor analysis of MBL. Presently, several centers, including the University of Salamanca (Spain), Duke University (Durham, NC), Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN), and the National Cancer Institute (Bethesda, MD) in conjunction with the Genetics and Epidemiology of Familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia Consortium, the Food and Drug Administration (Bethesda, MD), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (Atlanta, GA) in collaboration with Saint Luke's Hospital (Kansas City, MO), the Università Vita‐Salute San Raffaele in Milan (Italy), and Leeds Teaching Hospital (UK) are all actively conducting studies on MBL. This commentary is an updated summary of the current methods used in these centers. It is important to note the diversity of use in reagents, instruments, and methods of analysis. Despite this diversity, there is a consensus in what constitutes the diagnosis of MBL and its subtypes. There is also an emerging consensus on what the next investigative steps should be. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell‐specific deletion of STIM1 and STIM2 protects mice from EAE by impairing the effector functions of Th1 and Th17 cells
Authors: Ma Jian , McCarl Christie‐Ann , Khalil Sara , Lüthy Kevin , Feske Stefan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractT‐cell function is dependent on store‐operated Ca2+ influx that is activated by the stromal interaction molecules (STIM) 1 and 2. We show that mice with T‐cell‐specific deletion of STIM1 or STIM2 are protected from EAE, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). While STIM1‐ and STIM2‐deficient T cells could be successfully primed by autoantigen, they failed to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐17 and IFN‐γ. STIM1‐deficient T cells showed reduced expression of IL‐23R, required for Th17 cell homeostasis, and had impaired chemokine‐dependent T‐cell migration caused by a lack of chemokine‐induced Ca2+ influx. Autoantigen‐specific STIM1‐ or STIM2‐deficient T cells failed to expand and accumulate in the CNS and lymph nodes following adoptive transfer to passively induce EAE, suggesting that autoantigen‐specific restimulation or homeostasis of STIM1‐ and STIM2‐deficient T cells are impaired. Combined deletion of both STIM1 and STIM2, previously shown to impair Treg development and function, completely protected mice from EAE. This indicates that, in the absence of Ca2+ influx, autoreactive T cells are severely dysfunctional rendering Treg dispensable for the prevention of CNS inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that both STIM1 and STIM2 are critical for T‐cell function and autoimmunity in vivo.
Abiotic, residual and functional components of landforms
Authors: Corenblit Dov , Steiger Johannes , Delmotte Sébastien 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe concept of functional ecogeomorphology developed originally from the study of fluvial systems represents an insightful framework for describing landforms as structures adjusting to external physical forces, and also as functional components contributing to the complex play of interactions and reciprocal adjustments between biotic and abiotic elements of ecosystems. In this commentary we propose to extend the model of functional ecogeomorphology by classifying landforms in three fundamental components: abiotic, residual and functional. The various possible combinations of these three components are presented and discussed in the scope of evolutionary geomorphology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The release of cytokines by macrophages is not affected by myelin ingestion
Authors: Glim J. E. , Vereyken E. J. F. , Heijnen D. A. M. , Vallejo J. J. GarcÍa , Dijkstra C. D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Activated macrophages ingest myelin particles, thereby acquiring a foamy appearance. Foamy macrophages in MS lesions were described as being anti‐inflammatory. Therefore, these cells might play a role in modulating the inflammatory state of an active lesion. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which myelin uptake leads to skewing of macrophages toward an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Macrophages were incubated with myelin, leading to the development of foamy macrophages. Afterwards, the cells were stimulated with the TLR‐4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cytokine production was determined. Interestingly, foamy macrophages appeared to have a reduced cytokine secretion and were LPS insensitive only when generated with one of the myelin preparations. The factor responsible for the different outcomes between different myelin batches turned out to be LPS. We demonstrated that LPS contamination induced insensitivity to LPS in foamy macrophages. On the contrary, foamy macrophages generated in the presence of LPS‐free myelin were able to secrete cytokines upon activation. To conclude, myelin‐laden macrophages were not LPS insensitive, indicating that they had not acquired an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A proteome map of axoglial specializations isolated and purified from human central nervous system
Authors: Dhaunchak Ajit S. , Huang Jeffrey K. , De Faria Omar , Roth Alejandro D. , Pedraza Liliana , Antel Jack P. , Bar‐Or Amit , Colman David R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCompact myelin, the paranode, and the juxtaparanode are discrete domains that are formed on myelinated axons. In humans, neurological disorders associated with loss of myelin, including Multiple Sclerosis, often also result in disassembly of the node of Ranvier. Despite the importance of these domains in the proper functioning of the CNS, their molecular composition and assembly mechanism remains largely unknown. We therefore performed a large‐scale proteomics MudPIT screen for the identification of proteins in human myelin and axogliasomal fractions. We identified over 1,000 proteins in these fractions. Since even minor perturbations in neuron‐glial interactions can uncouple the glial support of axons, the proteome map presented here can be used as a reference library for “myelin health” and disease states, including white matter disorders such as leukodystrophies and multiple sclerosis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.