bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Assessment of Obsessive Compulsive Smoking Scale – A Cross-Sectional Study among Private Bus Drivers of Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Kumar Krishnaja , Shavi Girish R. , Sanga Ranganath , Shankar S. , Lalithambigai G. , Santhakumari S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Assessment of tobacco-induced preoccupation and compulsive drive may help us to better diagnose addictive behavior, enhance cessation treatment, and predict smokers at the greatest risk of relapse.

Objective:
This study attempted to make a comparative assessment of the Obsessive Compulsive Smoking Scale (OCSS), which measures compulsive smoking with the Modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) Scale.

Methodology:
The cross-sectional study included 250 private bus drivers of Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, who were current smokers. OCSS and Modified FTND Scale were used to collect the data on nicotine dependence. Ordinal regression analysis was used to compare OCSS and FTND scales with smoking dependence predictor variables.

Results:
About 79% of the drivers exhibited high OCSS scores. The OCSS scores were significantly associated with variables such as duration of smoking, the number of cigarettes/bidis consumed, time of consumption of first cigarette, age when first smoked, age of daily smoking, and the number of quit attempts. Ordinal regression analysis revealed a higher statistically significant proportional odds ratio associated with the OCSS scale compared to the FTND scale (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the OCSS scale offers a better measure of nicotine dependence than the Modified FTND scale. Further studies are needed to conclude that the OCSS scale has better advantages over the FTND scale in clinical settings and thus be used as an effective tool in cessation programs.
The Prevalence of Chronic Periodontitis Among the Endangered Toto Tribe of India
Authors: Mukherjee Sudarshana , Banerjee Sohini , Biswas Chhanda , Bandopadhyay P. K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The endangered Toto tribe of North Bengal is unique in their traditional oral hygiene practices.

Aims & objective:
To evaluate the prevalence of chronic periodontitis in the unique genetically homogenous population and also to assess their oral hygiene status.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted on the population with help of two stage approach involving both preformed set of questionaries' and also the intra-oral examination in accordance with standard guidelines.

Results and Observations:
The data were subjected to statistical analysis and significant association was found between loss of attachment, oral habits, OHI-S scores. CPI scores could be positively associated with OHI-S scores.

Discussion and Conclusion:
It was observed that despite of having predominantly fair OHI-S scores, high prevalence of deleterious oral habits and other local factors, prevalence of periodontal disease was low among the population.
How to Spot a Cloned Journal? Why Its Very Relevant for Us to Know about It Today More than Before?
Authors: Mukhida Sahjid , Das Nikunja Kumar , Kannuri Sriram , Desai Deepali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Publication of various clinical studies or trials is very important to researchers, colleges and countries due to various reasons. Medical teachers get promotion on the basis of their teaching experience as well as their research profile and publications. Time to time MCI/NMC issue guidelines for faculty qualification for various post and their future promotions. There was lack of clarity and several temporary indexed journals published articles with higher Article processing charge without any peer review processed. Cloned/predatory journal is harmful not only for students or faculties but also for medical science. Medical science can get harmed by two ways either under reporting data or over reporting/wrong data. To avoid the wrong information and getting real prevalence, cloned/predatory journal should be identified Publication in those journal is always harmful for authors as well as complete society, country and medical world too.
Burden of Care and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Persons with Schizophrenia in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Onuorah Chukwuweta C. , Oriji Sunday Onyemaechi , Aina Francis Olatunji , Omoaregba Joyce O. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia experience physical, socio-economic, and mental stress that may end up plummeting their quality of life.

Aims:
The study aimed to assess the relationship between the burden of care and the quality of life in carers of individuals with schizophrenia.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study involving 246 adult participants (outpatients with schizophrenia and their caregivers in ratio 1:1) in a psychiatric hospital. Patients within age 18–65 years, and their caregiver who were older or equal to 18 years were recruited via convenience sampling. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-6), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and demographic questionnaire were used to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia, obtain the details of the severity of psychopathology, and record the demographic data of the patients, respectively. The Zarit Burden Interview and WHO Quality of Life-Bref scale were deployed to obtain information on carers’ care burden and their subjective quality of life, respectively.

Results:
One in five of the caregivers’ experiences moderate-severe burden of care. Caring for unemployed patients (P = 0.03) and patients with severe psychopathology (P = 0.01), older age of caregiver (P = 0.033), and being a parent (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with high burden of care.

Conclusion:
The quality of life of carers of individuals with schizophrenia significantly, negatively correlated with high level of care burden. We recommend that clinicians should endeavor to address some modifiable correlates, such as reducing the patients’ illness severity and liaising with occupational therapists to empower patients with employable job skills.
Knowledge of obstetric danger signs and its determinants among household heads of a rural community in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Gobir Abdulrazaq Abdullahi , Aliyu A. A. , Abubakar A. A. , Nuru S. M. , Nmadu A. G. , Esekhaigbe C. , Joshua I. A. , Adagba K. O. , Omole V. N. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Birth preparedness and complication readiness remains one of the important strategies for reducing maternal mortality. One of its important components is knowledge of obstetric danger signs (KODS). The KODS is as important to men as it is to women, especially in African countries where majority of the household heads are men and are the major decision makers.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the KODS among the household heads of Nasarawan Buhari, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional community-based descriptive study was conducted among 104 household heads (or their representatives) of Nasarawan Buhari, Giwa Local Government Area Kaduna State, Nigeria, from April 15 to May 10, 2019. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25 (2017).

Results:
Majority of the respondents were aged between 40 and 49 years, with a mean age of 40 ± 12.6 years. The overall KODS was poor (70.2%). After controlling for confounders, the only determinant of good KODS was the age of respondents. Household heads older than 30 years were more likely to have good KODS than those younger than 30 years (odds ratio 1.04, 1.001–1.07).

Conclusion:
The overall KODS among the respondents was poor, while the age of respondents was a determinant of having good KODS. The Authority of Giwa Local Government Area Council (LGC) of Kaduna State should design and implement a program aimed at educating the household heads in the LGC.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections among patients admitted to intensive care units in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Aminu Aliyu , Daneji Isa Muhammad , Yusuf Mustafa Ahmad , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Ismail , Yahaya Mohammed , Adamu Abdu Abdullahi , Yaqub Yahaya , Dayyab Farouq Muhammad , Edwin Chinagozi Precious , Garba Sadiq , Gadzama Galadima Bala 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Globally, intensive care units (ICUs) are encountering emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and for some pathogens, there are few therapeutic options available.

Objectives:
The study assessed prevalence, susceptibility pattern, and risk factors of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections among ICU patients in Kano, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to study 190 patients admitted to the ICUs of two tertiary hospitals in Kano. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolated organisms was determined by disc diffusion technique. Suspected carbapenemase producers were further subjected to the modified Hodge test (MHT) method for confirmation.

Results:
A total of 76 out of the 190 samples yielded clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae as follows: 34 (44.7%) Escherichia coli, 19 (25%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 (3.9%) Proteus mirabilis, 4 (5.3%) Enterobacter aerogenes, 3 (3.9%) Proteus vulgaris, 2 (2.6%) Citrobacter freundii, 2 (2.6%) Klebsiella ozaenae, 2 (2.6%) Klebsiella oxytoca, 2 (2.6%) Salmonella subsp. 3b, 2 (2.6%) Enterobacter agglomerans, 2 (2.6%) Enterobacter cloacae, and 1 (1.3%) Serratia odorifera. Screening the Enterobacteriaceae-positive samples for carbapenem resistance using ertapenem disc (10 μg) showed 8 samples (10.5%) as resistant while MHT gave a carbapenem resistance prevalence of 7.9% (6 out of 76). Based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction; the distributions of genotypes of the carbapenemase producers were as follows: Verona Integron Metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) genes only (4 [50%]) New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) genes only (2 [25%]), and 1 (12.5%) had Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) and VIM gene coexisting. Surgical procedure (P = 0.009) and history of recent admission (P = 0.001) were found to be risk factors for CRE.

Conclusion:
The study provided evidence of the presence of CRE infections among patients admitted to ICUs in the study centers. This underscores the need for effective infection prevention and control measures to avoid the spread of CRE in hospital setting.
Prevalence and psychosocial effects of acne vulgaris among secondary school students
Authors: Okwara Benson Uchechukwu , Ofili Antoinette N. , Effiong Edidiong Felix , Ekhator Uhunoma 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological disease which affects a wide range of ages; however, it occurs more in the adolescent years with its attendant psychosocial effects.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and psychosocial effects of acne vulgaris among secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area, Benin City, South–South Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Four hundred and ten students (263 females and 147 males) from two secondary schools were enrolled in this descriptive cross-sectional study using a simple random sampling technique. A structured open- and close-ended interviewer-administered questionnaire was used and each student was examined and a clinical diagnosis was made by a dermatologist. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Version 20 and P < 0.05 was set for statistical significance.

Results:
The overall prevalence of acne vulgaris was 37.3% with a slightly higher prevalence in females (37.6%) than in males (36.7%). A higher percentage of acne was observed among students in the private school (51.4%) compared to those in public school (32.2%). An increased prevalence (41.2%) was also observed in the higher age group (15–19 years) compared to (35.8%) in the 10–14 years age group. Psychological disorder was found in 170 (41.5%) respondents. The type of school (P < 0.001), class of student (P < 0.014), depression (P < 0.004), anxiety (P < 0.015), worry (P < 0.001), fear (P < 0.001), and anger (P < 0.001) were found to be statistically associated with acne vulgaris. Similarly, the type of school (P < 0.007) and marriage type of parents (P < 0.001) were found to be statistically associated with psychological disorder.

Conclusion:
School health education about this condition is imperative in order to significantly reduce its psychosocial effects.
Prevalence, clinical profile and outcome of children with cardiomyopathy
Authors: Isezuo Khadijat Omeneke , Sani Usman Mohammed , Waziri Usman Muhammad , Garba Bilkisu Ilah , Jibrin Baba , Adamu Asma’u , Jiya Fatima Bello 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cardiomyopathies are myocardial disorders in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, thereby affecting the ventricular systolic function and/or diastolic function. Comprehensive approach to management warrants recognizing the clinical profile in order to strategize to improve outcomes.

Aim:
To evaluate the types of cardiomyopathies, presentation and outcome among children admitted into a tertiary hospital in Sokoto. Methods. A hospital based prospective study of children aged below 15 years who were seen over an 8.5-year period. A proforma was used to collect the information on their socio-demographics, type of cardiomyopathy, associated presentations and outcome. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.

Results:
71 out of 78,321 children seen that period (0.1%) were diagnosed with CM giving a hospital prevalence of 90.7/100,000. They comprised 40 (56.3%) males and 31 (43.7%) females. Age ranged from 1 month to 15 years (6.2 ± 3.8 years). Dilated CM (DCM) was the commonest in 63 (88.7%), restrictive CM (endomyocardial fibrosis-EMF) in 5 (7.0%) and hypertrophic (HCM) in 3 (4.2%). Forty-six (73%) of DCM had severe systolic dysfunction. DCM also occurred in 2 siblings of 2 patients on follow up. Two of the patients with EMF had recurrent pericardial effusions and all the patients with HCM died in infancy. Thirty (42.2%) of the total patients were lost to follow-up while 27 (38.0%) died.

Conclusion:
Dilated cardiomyopathy followed by restrictive type are the commonest types seen among children in Sokoto. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality.
Effect of health education on knowledge and awareness of sickle cell disease among adolescents
Authors: Ezenwosu Osita U. , Chukwu Barth F. , Ndu Ikenna K. , Uwaezuoke Ndubuisi A. , Ezenwosu Ifeyinwa L. , Udorah Ifechukwu M. , Ikefuna Anthony N. , Emodi Ifeoma J. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Majority of Nigerians are not aware of their personal genotype, and the knowledge about sickle cell disease is quite low. We hypothesize that health education will improve the knowledge and awareness of sickle cell genotype among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the effect of health education on knowledge and awareness of sickle cell genotype among adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
Adolescent students of Federal Government College were recruited, and necessary data on sociodemography, knowledge, and awareness of sickle cell were obtained through a pretested sickle cell knowledge assessment questionnaire. Following health education, the same questionnaire was re-administered to the participants for assessment of any change in knowledge.

Results:
Majority (58.1%) of the respondents heard about sickle cell during lessons in class, while mass media was the next common source (16.5%) of knowledge and awareness. Following health education, there was an improvement in all the specific knowledge questions, especially the prevalence of sickle cell trait in Nigeria (28.1% vs. 75.2%) and the probability of carrier couple having a child with sickle cell anemia (SCA) (10.3% vs. 48.2%). There was a statistically significant increase in mean knowledge score (t = −14.203, P < 0.001), as well as a significant increase in high knowledge level (χ2 = 105.13, P < 0.001) after education.

Conclusion:
Health education improved the knowledge and awareness of sickle cell among adolescents in secondary schools, especially the chances of having children with SCA in carrier couples. Inculcating health education on sickle cell in secondary school curriculum will help in informed decision on marriage and birth, ultimately reducing the birth of children with SCA.
The Effect of The Implementation of Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) In Maintaining Maritime Environment Safety of Lombok Strait
Authors: Suryadi Awel , Artha Dewi Komang , Bosoz Alexsandros 
Published: May 2024

Ships must meet marine pollution prevention requirements according to applicable regulations. The government regulates the separation scheme of ship shipping traffic in the Lombok Strait with the Traffic. Separation Scheme (TSS) system as an effort to improve shipping safety and security and protection of the maritime environment in Indonesian territorial waters. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of the Traffic Separation Scheme system in maintaining the safety of the maritime environment in the Lombok Strait and the effect of the application of the Traffic Separation Scheme system in maintaining the safety of the maritime environment in the Lombok Strait. This study used a comparative descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The result of this study is the implementation of the Traffic Separation Scheme system aimed at facilitating more effective traffic management and prioritizing shipping safety and marine environment protection. All Indonesian-flagged vessels are obliged to implement these rules, foreign-flagged vessels can adjust. The implementation of the TSS system has an impact on maritime development in Indonesia. From the results of testing the research hypothesis, there is a partial positive and significant influence. The implementation of the Traffic Separation Scheme system in the Lombok Strait has helped reduce and manage Traffic.
Rodríguez Rojo, Jesús
Authors: Rodríguez Reintjes Niklas 
Published: May 2024

El artículo consiste en una reseña del libro Cuestión de clase. De la crítica de la sociología a la acción política revolucionaria, escrito por Jesús Rodríguez Rojo, profesor e investigador, y publicado por Bellaterra Edicions. La reseña se centra en un análisis de la obra en dos partes, insertas cada una en un largo historial político, teórico y académico. En el primero trata de demostrar, frente a las acepciones más comunes de la clase, que las relaciones clasistas, y por tanto las propias clases, se articulan en base a los vínculos establecidos en y por el modo de producción capitalista. La segunda parte del libro se adentra en el terreno político y plantea cuestiones cruciales sobre la ciudadanía y la acción política de clase, haciendo gala de aquella máxima de que uno de los fundamentos del marxismo es su carácter práxico y su intencionalidad política, como bien señala Andrés Piqueras en el prólogo de la obra.
Prosedur Kepengurusan Administrasi Kegiatan Bea Cukai Barang Ekspor/Impor
Authors: Sahara Siti , Putri Marini Andriyani , Faturrahman Rifaldi 
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendidikan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, khususnya pelaku UMKM yang mengekspor barang ke luar negeri. Pasalnya, ekspor Indonesia masih tergolong kecil dibandingkan negara ASEAN lainnya. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini, data sekunder dikumpulkan dari buku, majalah, situs resmi pemerintah, dan lain-lain selama periode penerbitan lima tahun. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor ekspor Indonesia masih relatif kecil karena ketidaktahuan masyarakat mengenai persyaratan hukum untuk mengekspor barang ke luar negeri. Bea dan Cukai telah melakukan sejumlah inisiatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, termasuk melibatkan pelaku UMKM. Selain itu, Bea Cukai juga memiliki aturan yang menurunkan harga ekspor bagi peserta UMKM. Selain itu, diperlukan pelatihan untuk mengekspor barang ke luar negeri.
The Civil War in Yemen and Saudi Regional Hegemonic Ambition
Authors: Lukman Muhammad Lutfi 
Published: May 2024

The Arab Spring revolution has forced Yemen’s ruler, Ali Abdullah Saleh to resign after 33 years in power. The dispute between Saleh and his successor, Abdurrabuh Mansur Hadi has opened a huge opportunity for the Houthis who is backed by Iran to claim their power over Yemen. Saudi Arabia became directly involved in the conflict as Hadi seek assistance from Saudi to reclaim his right to rule but Saudi also has its own agenda. This study examines the implications of Saudi intervention in Yemen on the securitization of its national interests and its sphere of influence in the region. This research considers the changes in Saudi foreign policy towards other states in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) particularly in the aftermath of the Arab Spring in 2011. This study also seeks to understand the war by proxy used by Saudi Arabia and Iran to further their agenda in Yemen and MENA as well as the possibility of stabilising Yemen in the event of Saudi withdrawal from Yemen. This study may provide some insights on the effectiveness of foreign intervention in the Middle East taking into account the impacts of the Arab Spring and the COVID-19 pandemic in the region.

Revolusi Arab Spring telah memaksa penguasa Yaman, Ali Abdullah Saleh untuk meletakkan jawatan selepas 33 tahun berkuasa. Pertikaian antara Saleh dan penggantinya, Abdurrabuh Mansur Hadi telah membuka peluang besar bagi puak Houthi yang disokong oleh Iran untuk menuntut kuasa mereka ke atas Yaman. Arab Saudi terlibat secara langsung dalam konflik ini apabila Hadi meminta bantuan dari Saudi untuk menuntut kembali haknya untuk memerintah, tetapi Saudi juga mempunyai agendanya yang tersendiri. Kajian ini meneliti implikasi campur tangan Saudi di Yaman terhadap sekuritisasi kepentingan nasionalnya dan lingkungan pengaruhnya di rantau ini. Penyelidikan ini melihat perubahan dalam dasar luar Saudi terhadap negara-negara lain di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara (MENA) khususnya selepas Arab Spring pada tahun 2011. Kajian ini juga cuba untuk memahami perang melalui proksi yang digunakan oleh Arab Saudi dan Iran untuk melanjutkan agenda mereka di Yaman dan MENA serta kemungkinan menstabilkan Yaman sekiranya Saudi menarik diri dari Yaman. Kajian ini boleh meningkatkan kefahaman mengenai keberkesanan campur tangan asing di Timur Tengah dengan mengambil kira kesan Arab Spring dan pandemik COVID-19 di rantau ini.
Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi Bangunan Melalui Modifikasi Fasad Menggunakan Software Ecotect Gedung Fakultas Teknik Unkris : Sebuah Pendekatan Eksperimental
Authors: Marzuki Zulkarnain , Purwanto L.M.F. 
Published: May 2024

Saat ini, Kesadaran akan isu perubahan iklim dan keberlanjutan sudah semakin tinggi, Global Warming yang terjadi sebagai akibat dari konsumsi energi yang tinggi harus menjadi perhatian semua pihak, efisiensi energi menjadi prioritas utama dalam segala aspek tak terkecuali aspek bangunan. Bangunan menyumbang 39% dari emisi CO2 per tahun, lebih dari transportasi (33%) atau bidang industri (29%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana bentuk fasad bangunan dapat mempengaruhi efisiensi penggunaan energi pada bangunan Fakultas Teknik Unkris. Penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan eksperimental dengan metode pretest dan postest, menggunakan simulasi computer dengan Ecotect. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan tercapainya kenyamanan termal dan visual setelah melakukan modifikasi fasad bangunan sehingga penggunaan energi lebih efisien, kesimpulannya adalah desain fasad dapat mempengaruhi tinggi rendahnya penggunaan energi.