bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Equilibrium Composition of MnO-SiO2 and Al2O3-MnO-SiO2 Inclusions in Liquid Fe and Fe-36%Ni Alloy During Cooling
Authors: Jerzak W. , Kalicka Z. 
Published: July 2012

Evolution of Equilibrium Composition of MnO-SiO2and Al2O3-MnO-SiO2Inclusions in Liquid Fe and Fe-36%Ni Alloy During CoolingEvolution of chemical composition of inclusions for Fe-36%Ni melt on cooling was simulated on the basis of theoretical analysis. The equilibrium states for deoxidization reactions using manganese, silicon and aluminum were found by using the subregular solution thermodynamic model, including the interaction parameters and the activity coefficients for O, Mn, Si i Al at infinite dilution in iron and nickel. The equilibrium compositions of the inclusions when cooling the melt were computed for Fe-36%Ni for the temperatures from 1873K to 1773K. For comparison, the same analysis was made for pure iron melt. The obtained results indicate different behavior of the inclusions for those melts. For Fe-36%Ni, either MnO-SiO2inclusions or Al2O3-MnO-SiO2ones always increase substantially in MnO content on cooling. When Al2O3content goes up, the effect gets weaker. As to the pure iron melt, the inclusions behave more differently, i.e., the MnO content may go up, go down or stay constant depending on the initial inclusion composition. Despite of the fact that Al2O3-MnO-SiO2inclusions fluctuate significantly as to their compositions for Fe-36%Ni melt, it seems however, that it would be easier for this melt - in comparison to pure iron one - to forecast such a chemical target composition which would allow to achieve the desired composition of the inclusions left within the residual melt after metal cooling from 1873K to 1773 K.
The Microstructure of Annealed Galfan Coating on Steel Substrate
Authors: Żelechower M. , Kliś J. , Augustyn E. , Grzonka J. , Stróż D. , Rzychoń T. , Woźnica H. 
Published: July 2012

The Microstructure of AnnealedGalfanCoating on Steel SubstrateThe commercially availableGalfancoating containing 5-7wt.% of Al deposited on the low carbon steel substrate by hot dipping has been examined with respect to the microstructure of the coating/substrate interface area. The application of several experimental techniques (SEM/EDS, XRD, TEM/AEM/EDS/ED) allowed demonstrating the two-phase structure of the alloy coating in non-treated, commercially availableGalfansamples: Zn-rich pre-eutectoidηphase grains are surrounded by lamellar eutectics ofβ-Al andη-Zn. The transition layer between the alloy coating and steel substrate with the considerably higher Al content (SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS) has been found in both non-treated and annealed samples (600°C/5 minutes). Only the monoclinic FeAl3Znxphase however was revealed in the annealed sample (TEM/electron diffraction) remaining uncertain the presence of the orthorhombic Fe2Al5Znxphase, reported by several authors.
Examination of Coil Pipe Butt Joint Made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10(T24) Steel After Service
Authors: Golański G. , Gawień P. , Słania J. 
Published: July 2012

Examination of Coil Pipe Butt Joint Made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10(T24) Steel After Service
The paper presents the results of examination of coil pipe butt joint made of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 steel (T24). Tested joint was in service for approximately 12 000 hours at the temperature of 540°C and pressure of 5.48MPa. Tests have revealed that the structure of all regions of the homogenous welded joint are correct and without any welding imperfections. Operation of the weld contributed mainly to advantaged precipitation of carbides especially on grain boundaries - frequently in the contact area of three grains' boundaries as well as in the form of continuous network of precipitates. The measurement showed high hardness of the weld, what indicates high stability of the microstructure. It makes possible to find that post-weld heat treatment is indispensable.
Identification and Evaluation of Freckles in Directionally Solidified Casting Made of PWA 1426 Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Chmiela B. , Sozańska M. , Cwajna J. 
Published: July 2012

Identification and Evaluation of Freckles in Directionally Solidified Casting Made of PWA 1426 Nickel-Based SuperalloyManufacturing of modern aero engine turbine blades made of nickel-based superalloys is very complex and expensive. The thrust and performance of new engines must address constantly more demanding requirements. Therefore, turbine blades must be characterised by very good mechanical properties, which is possible only if the blades are free of casting defects. An important innovation has been the launching of directionally solidified (DS) and single crystal (SX) turbine blades. But, manufacturing procedures and the chemical composition of many superalloys promote the formation of casting defects that are characteristic only for directional solidification. One of these defects is freckles. Freckles are small equiaxed grains in the form of long chains parallel to the solidification direction and are located on the surface of the casting. Freckles decrease the mechanical properties of DS and SX blades; therefore, they should be always unambiguously identified to improve the manufacturing process. This work presents the possibilities of identifying and evaluating freckles in DS casting made of PWA 1426 superalloy by combining the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques.
FEM Modelling and Experimental Research of Die Forging of Ni-Mo-Fe Alloy Antenna Components
Authors: Wojtaszek M. , Chyła P. , Śleboda T. , Łukaszek-Sołek A. , Bednarek S. 
Published: July 2012

FEM Modelling and Experimental Research of Die Forging of Ni-Mo-Fe Alloy Antenna ComponentsThis work was focused on the design of hot forging process for a selected element of Ni-Mo-Fe alloy. The research included numerical FEM simulation, testing in industrial conditions as well as laboratory tests. The numerical FEM simulation of hot forging of a selected forging was prepared and performed with application of QForm software. Next, the forging tests of the analyzed element were performed in industrial conditions, with application of the parameters used in the numerical simulation. The selected properties of the obtained forging were determined. The metallographic examination was also performed, including microstructure observation as well as the analysis of fractures formed during impact testing of specimens. Chemical composition of the investigated alloy was also examined during SEM-EDS characterization. The results of investigations were compared with the data obtained from FEM simulation, in order to specify the forging process parameters. The research showed, that the parameters of forging of the analyzed alloy assumed in the FEM numerical analysis and then verified in industrial conditions, allowed to produce a good quality product with quite uniform microstructure within its volume. No signs of porosity or micro-shrinkages were observed in the obtained product, what signifies, that the selection of forging parameters for the investigated material allowed to eliminate the casting defects present in the volume of a feedstock. Ni-Mo-Fe alloy product showing the strength and plastic properties allowing its application for the components of antennas was obtained by hot forging.
Effects of Insecticides on Sugarcane Termites in Modhupur Tract
Authors: Alam MN , Alam MA , Abdullah M , Begum M , Ahmed T 
Published: July 2012

An experiment was conducted with insecticides, namely Krisban 50WP, Neptune 48EC, Aincoban 48EC, Greater 48EC, Chlorguard 48EC, Chlorban 40.8EC, Vifos 20EC, Luciban 20EC, Bismark 20SP, Imidagold 20SL, Lorsban 15G to find out their effectiveness for controlling sugarcane termites and on the growth and yield of sugarcane at Sreepur. All these insecticides were applied @ 2.25/0.20 Kg ha-1 or l ha-1 during plantation, April and May. All of them except Aincoban, Chlorgaurd and Bismark provided 71-97% termite population control. Germination of sugarcane bud was higher in chemical treated plot than the untreated control. Yield of cane increased in Greater 48EC, Chlorban 40.8EC, Luciban 20EC, Imidagold 20SL and Lorsban 15G treated plots. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11232 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 295-299, June 2012
Vegetative Growth, Harvesting Time, Yield and Quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) as Influenced by Soil Drench Application of Paclobutrazol
Authors: Sarker Babul C , Rahim M A 
Published: July 2012

The experiment was conducted during the fruiting season of 2005-06 to investigate the effects of paclobutrazol in manipulating the harvesting time, increasing yield and quality in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. BARI Aam-3 (Amrapali) plants at the BAU Germplasm Centre, FTIP, Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Paclobutrazol at 2500, 5000, 7500, 10000 ppm, and control (water application) and two times of application (15 October and 15 December) were included in the study as treatments. Soil drench application of paclobutrazol at 10000 ppm and 7500 ppm on 15 October was more effective in suppressing vegetative growth i.e. terminal shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area compared to control. Both 7500 ppm and 10000 ppm paclobutrazol applied as soil drench on 15 October caused earlier panicle emergence by 19 days as well as harvesting by 15 days compared with control. Applying paclobutrazol at 7500 ppm on 15 October produced the highest number of fruits as well as yield per plant and the heaviest fruit compared with the lowest yield in control. Paclobutrazol at 7500 ppm applied on 15 October also resulted in higher edible portion, lower stone pulp ratio and peel pulp ratio, longer shelf life, higher TSS, increased vitamin C, lower titratable acidity, higher dry matter, reducing, non-reducing and total sugar contents as compared to control plants. The present results suggest that the application of paclobutrazol at 7500 ppm in October enhances yield and quality in mango. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11238 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 335-348, June 2012
MORTALITY AND DISEASE STATUS IN HY-LINE AND ISA-BROWN STRAINS OF LAYER CHICKENS REARED IN CAGE SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Uddin MZ , Samad MA , Kabir SML 
Published: July 2012

Mortality and disease status in Hy-Line (n= 3450) and ISA-Brown (n = 250) strains of layer chickens were carried out in three commercial layer farms in the district of Mymensingh from day-old to 65 weeks age of birds from September 2003 to December 2004. The management including housing, hygienic measures, vaccination practices, diseases occurred and mortality were observed and recorded daily. Diseases and disorders were diagnosed based on the disease history, clinical signs, characteristics necropsy lesions, morbidity and mortality rates, and laboratory investigations including bacteriological and parasitological examinations. The morbidity and mortality of chickens caused by different diseases and disorders were statistically analyzed on the basis of farms, strains of birds, age and seasons. An overall 32.38% (n = 1198) morbidity and 21.30% (n = 788) mortality was recorded among 3700 chickens. Etiological analysis showed that the highest mortality caused by bacterial diseases (7.08%), followed by viral diseases (5.81%), fungal diseases (2.18%), mycoplasmosis (1.89%), parasitic diseases (1.83%) and nutritional and other disorders (2.48%). Specific diseases and disorders caused mortality in chickens included Salmonellosis (3.14%), Colibacillosis (2.51%), Fowl cholera (0.46%), Infectious coryza (0.41%), Necrotic enteritis (0.59%), Infectious bursal disease (2.19%), Newcastle disease (1.76%), Avian leukosis (0.73%), Fowl pox ( 0.51%), Mareks disease (0.62%), Aspergillosis (1.54%), Aflatoxicosis (0.65%), Mycoplasmosis ( 1.89%), Ascaridiasis (0.22%), Tapeworm infection (0.16%), Coccidiosis (1.32%), Ectoparasitosis (0.14%), Nutritional deficiency (0.68%), Ascites, Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (0.49%), Cannibalism (0.27%), Egg peritonitis (0.22%), Egg bound disorder (0.43%) and Heat stroke and cold (0.41%). Diseases caused highest mortality during laying period (8.43%), followed by growing (6.32%), pullet stage (4.65%) and brooding (3.78%) ages. Both the morbidity and mortality rates in ISA-Brown strain (62.60% and 37.20%) were found significantly (p < 0.01) higher in comparison to Hy-Line (30.17% and 20.14%) strain of chickens. Seasonal influences on mortality in layer type chickens showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest mortality during summer (8.57%), followed by winter (6.51%) and rainy (6.22%) months. It may be concluded that the infectious diseases even with vaccination associated with high morbidity and mortality in commercial egg type chickens in Bangladesh.DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11204 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 01-16
Diagnostic Value of Anti-Sa and Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: HOU YAN-FENG , SUN GUANG-ZHI , SUN HONG-SHENG , PAN WEN-PING , LIU WEN-BO , ZHANG CHENG-QI 
Published: July 2012

Objective.To determine the diagnostic value of anticitrullinated protein antibodies, second generation (ACPA2), by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) and anti-Sa by ELISA in a large cohort of Chinese patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.One hundred ninety-eight patients with early RA (< 1 yr duration), 112 with other rheumatic diseases, and 60 healthy individuals were studied.Results.The combination of anti-Sa and ACPA2 positivity had the highest specificity (99.42%), but it had a rather low sensitivity (50.0%). The combination of anti-rheumatoid factor (RF) and ACPA2 showed the highest sensitivity (80.30%), with specificity of 95.93%. The mean titer of ACPA2 and RF was significantly higher in the anti-Sa-positive group compared to the negative group (ACPA2, p <0.001; RF, p = 0.007). The 28-joint Disease Activity Scores of the anti-Sa-positive patients were significantly higher than those of the negative group (p = 0.01). The anti-Sa had no significant correlation with age, sex, antinuclear antibody, SSA, SSB, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, C3, and C4.Conclusion.Our results come from a newly developed ECLIA for detection of ACPA2 and the anti-Sa-antibody-based ELISA system. The combined application of ACPA2 and anti-Sa tests can improve the laboratory diagnosis of early RA.
Longterm Safety and Efficacy of Abatacept Through 5 Years of Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: GENOVESE MARK C. , SCHIFF MICHAEL , LUGGEN MICHAEL , LE BARS MANUELA , ARANDA RICHARD , ELEGBE AYANBOLA , DOUGADOS MAXIME 
Published: July 2012

Objective.To evaluate abatacept safety and efficacy over 5 years in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in the ATTAIN trial.Methods.Patients completing the 6-month, double-blind (DB) placebo-controlled period were eligible to enter the longterm extension (LTE), where all patients received abatacept every 4 weeks (∼10 mg/kg, according to weight range). Safety, efficacy, physical function, and health-related quality of life were monitored throughout.Results.In total, 317 patients (218 DB abatacept, 99 DB placebo) entered the LTE; 150 (47.3%) completed it. Overall incidences of serious adverse events, infections, serious infections, malignant neoplasms, and autoimmune events did not increase during the LTE versus the DB period. American College of Rheumatology responses with abatacept at Month 6 were maintained over 5 years. At Year 5, among patients who received abatacept for 5 years and had available data, 38/103 (36.9%) achieved low disease activity as defined by the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)/C-reactive protein (CRP); 23/103 (22.3%) achieved DAS28/CRP-defined remission. Health Assessment Questionnaire response was achieved by 62.5% of patients remaining on treatment at Year 5; mean improvements from baseline in physical component summary and mental component summary scores were 7.34 and 6.42, respectively. High proportions of patients maintained efficacy and physical function benefits or improved their disease state at each timepoint throughout the LTE, if remaining on abatacept treatment.Conclusion.Safety remained consistent, and abatacept efficacy was maintained from 6 months to 5 years, demonstrating the benefits of switching to abatacept in this difficult-to-treat population of patients with RA previously failing anti-TNF therapy.
Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Polymorphisms at 6q23 Are Associated with Radiological Damage in Autoantibody-positive RA
Authors: MAXWELL JAMES R. , MARINOU IOANNA , KUET KAR-PING , OROZCO GISELA , MOORE DAVID J. , BARTON ANNE , WORTHINGTON JANE , WILSON A. GERRY 
Published: July 2012

Objective.Recent studies have identified 6q23 as an important susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with risk alleles at 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms combining to give an effect size greater than that of these markers individually. We investigated whether these polymorphisms are also associated with disease severity measured by radiological damage.Methods.We studied 927 patients from a cross-sectional RA cohort. Median Larsen scores (LS) read from radiographs taken at study entry were compared by genotype at rs6920220, rs13207033, and rs5029937 according to a dominant model using negative binomial regression with stratification for autoantibody status.Results.Median LS was associated with genotype at rs6920220 [LS 31 GG vs 36 GA/AA (p = 0.02) in cyclic citrullinated peptide+ (CCP) RA] and rs13020220 [LS 37 GG vs 29 GA/AA (p = 0.02) in CCP+ RA] only in autoantibody-positive RA, with no association at rs5029937. Association was stronger for these markers in combination [LS 28 vs 42 for lowest vs highest risk genotype combination in rheumatoid factor positivity (p = 0.007), LS 28 vs 37 for anti-CCP+ (p = 0.01)].Conclusion.Established RA risk markers at 6q23 are associated also with radiographic severity in autoantibody-positive RA; as for susceptibility, the association for these markers in combination is stronger than that for markers alone.
Présentation
Authors: Labrecque Marie France 
Published: July 2012

Tout en poursuivant l’objectif de la présentation du numéro, cet article constitue une introduction aux perspectives anthropologiques et féministes de l’économie politique, particulièrement dans le contexte historique de l’anthropologie nord-américaine. L’auteure tente de définir l’objet et les méthodes de l’économie politique et de montrer les spécificités des approches féministes dans le domaine. En recourant à des auteurs qui ont marqué les perspectives de l’économie politique, elle présente aussi quatre ensembles conceptuels fondamentaux : 1) la production, la reproduction, la maisonnée ; 2) les sujets anthropologiques, l’État et l’agencéité (agency) ; 3) la culture et l’hégémonie ; 4) la division du travail, la restructuration et la mondialisation. Enfin, elle fait ressortir l’importance des approches comparatives et du travail ethnographique pour la consolidation de la théorie.
Les politiques de développement et les politiques de la santé
Authors: Pigg Stacy Leigh 
Published: July 2012

Cet article prend le programme de prévention du sida au Népal comme étude de cas pour réfléchir sur l’intersection entre les programmes internationaux de bien-être social et les politiques locales du développement. Il s’agit d’examiner comment un modèle progressiste mettant l’accent sur les conditions sociales qui favorisent l’infection au VIH s’est transformé dans la pratique, à la faveur de son application par des organisations non gouvernementales à travers la rationalité courante de l’appareil népalais de développement. Loin de remettre en question les rapports de pouvoir qui perpétuent les modèles de mauvaise santé, la réponse au sida issue des pratiques des ONG a davantage stigmatisé les groupes marginaux, spécialement les populations des castes inférieures et les travailleuses du sexe appartenant à une minorité ethnique, en les ciblant comme des gens qui « ont besoin » des interventions de prévention du sida. Pour comprendre comment et pourquoi cela a pu se produire, il faut examiner les pratiques de développement des ONG au sein du contexte politique dans lequel elles agissent. Les analyses des réponses sociales au sida dans des pays du Sud doivent tenir compte des façons dont les politiques locales de développement s’immiscent même dans les stratégies les plus progressistes de prévention du sida.
L’agriculture urbaine au sein des jardins collectifs québécois
Authors: Boulianne Manon 
Published: July 2012

L’agriculture d’autosubsistance pratiquée en milieu urbain connaît une résurgence dans les pays « développés » lors des phases d’ajustement de l’économie capitaliste. C’est le cas en Amérique du Nord ces dernières années. Les initiatives les plus récentes favorisent une autoproduction collective. Elles surgissent au Québec dans le contexte d’une reconnaissance accrue de l’économie sociale par l’État. Les jardins collectifs, portés par des organismes communautaires, se veulent une alternative à l’aide alimentaire et un outil d’insertion sociale pour les personnes appauvries.Les femmes occupent une place importante dans les organismes de support et les collectifs de production utilisés. Alors que certaines auteures mettent en relief le potentiel des organisations communautaires féminines actives dans le domaine de la sécurité alimentaire sur le renforcement du pouvoir d’agir individuel et collectif des femmes, d’autres y voient plutôt, dans le contexte de la décentralisation des programmes sociaux, une « domestication de l’espace public ». L’essor du jardinage collectif au Québec s’inscrit-il dans un processus de renforcement du pouvoir individuel et collectif des femmes ou de domestication de l’espace public ? À partir de données de terrain, cet article vise à apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question.
Tourisme de masse et identité sur les marches sino-tibétaines
Authors: McKhann Charles F. 
Published: July 2012

Cet article s’intéresse à la croissance spectaculaire du tourisme de masse dans la petite ville de Lijiang sur les marches sino-tibétaines. L’auteur, anthropologue ayant cumulé dix-huit années d’expérience dans la région, présente un essai sous forme de réflexion ethnographique sur les dimensions économiques et culturelles de la rencontre touristique mettant la population locale naxi en présence de l’Autre, qu’il soit han ou étranger à la Chine. En dépit d’un influx massif de richesses liées au commerce touristique, une partie de la population locale n’est guère plus prospère qu’il y a vingt ans, tandis que le tourisme accentue des clivages ethniques et sociaux anciens. On note en particulier un changement dans les images de la « naxi-tude » produites à des fins de consommation touristique, ainsi que dans la manière dont ces images deviennent importantes pour le remodelage des identités locales.