bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Performance Drilling Fluids Addressing the Challenges in Drilling Shallow Viscous Oil Reservoir in Kuwait
Authors: El Khateeb Samir , Ahmed Khaled , Sotomayor Ghery , Hussein Ahmed 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The primary challenge in drilling shallow depth viscous oil formation in Kuwait is to achieve gauged holes while drilling in unconsolidated friable sand-shale alteration. Gauged holes are the key for the production techniques used in this field, where cement channeling and perforation effectiveness are of main concern. To achieve this, a specific drilling fluid design was necessary. Laboratory tests and extensive research were initiated to customize the drilling fluid parameters and wellbore hydraulics necessary to achieve the primary drilling objectives.
The drilling fluid design goal was to provide enhanced clay inhibition for the clay strikes, gave good lubricity and low friction coefficient to ensure the smooth drilling and tripping operations in a gauged hole profile. Additionally, the environmental advantage of avoiding the generation of drilling waste with high chloride content was achieved, therefore contributing to KOC’s HS&E goals.
Fluids viscosity and hydraulics were designed in high profile to remain completely in laminar flow while drilling to minimize washout occurrence and maximize hole cleaning at low circulation rates (140 – 150 GPM) without the use of regular sweeps. The customized drilling parameters and practices, in addition to the knowledge gained from the laboratory testing phase, were transferred to the field. This resulted in proved success with more than hundred and twenty five perfect gauge holes
The Well-Wormhole Model of Cold Production of Heavy Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Istchenko C. M. , Gates I. D. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is a non-thermal heavy oil recovery technique used primarily in the heavy oil belt in eastern Alberta and western Saskatchewan. Under CHOPS, typical recovery factors are between 5 and 15% with the average being under 10%. This leaves approximately 90% of the oil in the ground after the process becomes uneconomic, making CHOPS wells and fields, prime candidates for EOR and field optimization. CHOPS wells show an enhancement in production rates compared to conventional primary production, which is explained by the formation of high permeability channels known as wormholes. The formation of wormholes has been shown to exist in laboratory experiments as well as field experiments conducted with fluorescein dyes.
The major mechanisms for CHOPS production are foamy oil flow, sand failure and sand production. Foamy oil flow aids in mobilizing sand and reservoir fluids leading to the formation of wormholes. Foamy oil behaviour cannot be effectively modeled by conventional PVT behaviour, leading to the use of a kinetic model, which can be easily implemented with the kinetic reaction features in CMG STARS. The sand is mobilized due to sand failure, determined by a minimum fluidization velocity. The individual wormholes will be modeled in CMG STARS using existing wellbore features. The ability to grow a wellbore dynamically is not built into STARS, leading to the creation of a Dynamic Wellbore Module. The module continuously restarts the STARS simulation runs and determines the growth criteria for wormhole growth. If the criterion is met, the wormhole is grown in the appropriate direction; otherwise the simulation is run again until the criterion is met.
The proposed model incorporates the major factors in CHOPS production and shows an adequate to fit to model general production trends of typical CHOPS well. The model demonstrates there is a criterion for which wormhole growth occurs as wells as limits its extent of growth in a reservoir. The model can then be used for follow-up EOR processes such as cycle solvent injection as well as field optimization.
The Characterization of Heavy Oil Reservoirs Using Downhole Fluid Analysis to Determine Fluid Type and Reservoir Connectivity
Authors: Tsiklakov A. , Weinheber P. , Wichers W. , Zimin S. , Driller A. , Oshmarin R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Vankor oilfield in Eastern Siberia is characterized by multiple layers of varying types of hydrocarbons, including oils ranging in viscosity from less than 1 cp to over 20 cp, the Russian regulatory cut-off for heavy oil. It is important for every reservoir penetration to determine the type of oil encountered and also to make any possible inferences about reservoir connectivity. Wireline formation testers equipped with downhole fluid analysis (DFA) sensors acquiring color and gas-oil ratio data (GOR) are used to determine the hydrocarbon type and fluid property gradients. Then, using the emerging technology of asphaltene gradient modeling and prediction for heavier oils, we are able to help support conclusions of reservoir connectivity.
In this paper we present datasets from wells where we determine the fluid type from DFA data. Additionally, we incorporate color with pressure gradient data to help build reservoir models that predict reservoir connectivity and compartmentalization.
Geomechanical Screening Criteria for Steam Injection Processes in Heavy Oil and Bitumen Reservoirs
Authors: Collins Patrick M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Thermal recovery processes such as CSS (cyclic steam stimulation) and SAGD (steam-assisted gravity drainage) are affected and limited by reservoir geomechanics. This paper provides new thermal recovery screening criteria based on geomechanics. The purpose is to provide a means of screening prospective reservoirs to assess the practicality of using various steam injection recovery processes, and to assess their relative efficiencies in these reservoirs.
The choice of a thermal recovery process is based on the project economics, which are largely determined by the expected behaviour of the recovery process in the reservoir. Typically, geological hydraulic characteristics, such as the vertical permeability and the presence or absence of impediments to vertical flow, will be the deciding factors in the choice of the recovery process.
However, conventional reservoir characteristics are insufficient to determine the probable success of a recovery process. Reservoir geomechanics can have a significant and even dominant effect on the efficacy of recovery processes.
As a result, the same recovery process in reservoirs with identical conventional reservoir properties can have markedly different levels of success due to their differing geomechanical properties. Reservoir simulations and reserves evaluations should consider these differences, given the expected variance in performance in terms of production rates and ultimate recoveries.
Geomechanical screening provides an additional filter by which recovery processes can be assessed, and perhaps eliminated, based on their expected performance in any given reservoir. Furthermore, the valuation of the recoverable reserves of a reservoir is highly dependent on the expected efficiency of a recovery process, and if the geomechanical characteristics limit the efficiency of recovery processes, that should be known when assessing the value of the heavy oil or bitumen resource. This is essential for recovery process selection and operation.
Convergence Flaws
Authors: Reilly David 
Published: December 2011

SYNOPSIS
The creation of a truly global set of accounting standards is a long-held dream for many. And the U.S. is inching closer to joining in that effort. Yet before signing on, regulators should consider potential flaws in the underpinnings of such a system. Namely that it will likely prove impossible to consistently enforce such rules across national borders. And even if it was, differing national views of the purpose of financial markets would still lead to varied interpretations of rules. In light of this, a global accounting language is likely to end up with some distinctly different national dialects. If so, the cost and effort associated with a U.S. switch to international standards may not be worth it.
The O*NET: A Challenging, Useful Resource for Investigating Auditing and Accounting Work
Authors: Scarlata Audrey N. , Stone Dan N. , Jones Keith T. , Chen Clement C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
The Occupational Information Network database (O*NET), a publicly available employment and occupation resource, contains considerable relevant data on accountants' and auditors' work and employment. Created and maintained by the U.S. Department of Labor, the O*NET is organized into six categories; annual updates derived from multiple sources including job analysts, surveys of employers and employees, and labor economists' employment projections. The extensive resources supporting its creation and maintenance have resulted in statistically defensible sampling methods but considerable variability in the validity of O*NET conceptual constructs and measures. Users of the O*NET include scholars, state employment agencies, employers, career counselors, and job seekers. Although we are unaware of current applications of the O*NET in professional accounting, we suggest ten applications. A small body of accounting research uses the O*NET; we suggest additional future research applications. The limitations of the O*NET include overly broad categories of accounting work, issues related to biases and construct validity, and poor organization and ease-of-use. But for scholars with patience and tenacity, the O*NET provides an important publicly available, longitudinal, and cross-sectional resource for investigating accountancy employment and work.
On parabolic Whittaker functions II
Authors: Oblezin Sergey 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
We propose a Givental-type stationary phase integral representation for the restricted Grm,N-Whittaker function, which is expected to describe the (S
1×U
N)-equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of the Grassmann variety Grm,N. Our key tool is a generalization of the Whittaker model for principal series U(gl
N)-modules, and its realization in the space of functions of totally positive unipotent matrices. In particular, our construction involves a representation theoretic derivation of the Batyrev-Ciocan-Fontanine-Kim-van Straten toric degeneration of Grm,N.
Stereodynamics of chemical reactions: quasi-classical, quantum and mixed quantum-classical theories
Authors: Xu Wenwu , Zhao Guangjiu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this review, some benchmark works by Han and coworkers on the stereodynamics of typical chemical reactions, triatomic reactions H + D2, Cl + H2 and O + H2 and polyatomic reaction Cl+CH4/CD4, are presented by using the quasi-classical, quantum and mixed quantum-classical methods. The product alignment and orientation in these A+BC model reactions are discussed in detail. We have also compared our theoretical results with experimental measurements and demonstrated that our theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method ignores some quantum effects like the tunneling effect and zero-point energy. The quantum method will be very time-consuming. Moreover, the mixed quantum-classical method can take into account some quantum effects and hence is expected to be applicable to large systems and widely used in chemical stereodynamics studies.
Growth and EPR properties of KSm(WO4)2 and KEr(WO4)2 single crystals
Authors: Leniec Grzegorz , Skibiński Tomasz , Kaczmarek Slawomir , Iwanowski Przemyslaw , Berkowski Marek 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Growth conditions and electron paramagnetic resonance investigations of two well oriented KSm(WO4)2 and KEr(WO4)2 single crystals have been presented and discussed. Hyperfine structure of Sm3+ ion was detected and analyzed for angular and temperature dependences. EPR spectra of KEr(WO4)2 and its angular dependence showed the presence of 5 magnetically nonequivalent Er centers in the crystal. A change in the type of magnetic interactions was analyzed using mixed (Gaussian and Lorentzian) fits of the EPR spectra.
Study of the thermal stability of Zerodur glass ceramics suitable for a scanning probe microscope frame
Authors: Číp Ondřej , Šmíd Radek , Čížek Martin , Buchta Zdeněk , Lazar Josef 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The work presents measurements of the length stability of Zerodur glass ceramic with temperature change. Measurement of this thermal characteristic is necessary for determination of the optimal temperature at which the Zerodur glass ceramic has a coefficient of thermal expansion close to zero. The principle of the measurement is to monitor the length changes using an optical resonator with a cavity mirror spacer made from the Zerodur material to be studied. The resonator is placed inside a vacuum chamber with a temperature control. A tunable laser diode is locked to a certain optical mode of the resonator to monitor the optical frequency of this mode. A beat-note signal from optical mixing between the laser and a stabilized femtosecond frequency comb is detected and processed. The temperature dependence of the glass ceramics was determined and analyzed. The resolution of the length measurement of the experimental set-up is on the order of 0.1 nm.
Characterisation and performance of three promising heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification of palm oil
Authors: Isahak Wan , Ismail Manal , Jahim Jamaliah , Salimon Jumat , Yarmo Mohd 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, the performance of three heterogeneous catalysts, namely potassium hydroxide/γ-alumina, bulk calcium oxide, and nano-calcium oxide, in comparison with the homogeneous potassium hydroxide was studied in the transesterification of palm oil to produce methyl esters and glycerol. The physical and chemical properties of the heterogeneous catalysts were thoroughly characterised and determined using a number of analytical methods to assess their catalytic activities prior to transesterification. The reaction products were analysed using liquid chromatography and their properties were quantified based on the American Society of Testing and Materials and United State Pharmacopoeia standard methods. At the 65°C reaction temperature, the oil-to-methanol mole ratio of 1: 15, 2.5 h of the reaction time, and catalyst (φ r = 1: 40), potassium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide/γ-alumina, nano-calcium oxide, and bulk calcium oxide gave methyl ester yields of 97 %, 96 %, 94 %, and 90 %, respectively. The impregnation of γ-alumina with potassium hydroxide displayed a catalytic performance comparable with the performance of potassium hydroxide where the former could be physically separated via filtration resulting in a relatively greater purity of products. Other advantages included the longer reusability of the catalyst and more active sites with lower by-product formation.
Genetic Diversity Of Some Restorer Lines For Hybrid Rice Development
Authors: Kulsum MU , Hasan MJ , Begum H , Billah MM , Rahman H 
Published: December 2011

Genetic divergence of thirty six restorer lines was studied through Mohalanobis’s D2 and principal component analysis for nine characters. Genotypes were grouped into five different clusters. Cluster III comprised of maximum number of genotypes (eleven) followed by cluster I and IV. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between clusters II and IV (14.064) indicating wide genetic diversity between these two clusters followed by the distance between cluster II and V (10.353), cluster III and cluster IV (8.588). The minimum inter- cluster distance was observed between cluster I and cluster III (2.885) followed by cluster I and cluster V (4.359) and cluster III and cluster V (4.825) indicating that the genotypes of these clusters were genetically close. The intra cluster distance in the entire five clusters was less, which indicated that the genotypes within the same cluster were closely related. Among the characters, number of tillers/hill, panicle length, number of filled spikelets/ panicle, spikelet fertility % and yield/plant contributed most for divergence in the studied genotypes. It indicates that these parameters can contribute more for yield in hybrid rice development. Keywords: Rice; restorer line; genetic divergence; D2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9226 BJAR 2011; 36(1): 21-28
The insect‐pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii (Clavicipitaceae) is also an endophyte that stimulates plant root development
Authors: Sasan Ramanpreet K. , Bidochka Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: The soil‐inhabiting insect‐pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii also colonizes plant roots endophytically, thus showing potential as a plant symbiont. Metarhizium robertsii is not randomly distributed in soils but preferentially associates with the plant rhizosphere when applied in agricultural settings. Root surface and endophytic colonization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and haricot beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by M. robertsii were examined after inoculation with fungal conidia.• Methods: We used light and confocal microscopy to ascertain the plant endophytic association with GFP‐expressing M. robertsii. Root lengths, root hair density, and lateral roots emerged were also observed.• Key results: Initially, M. robertsii conidia adhered to, germinated on, and colonized roots. Furthermore, plant roots treated with Metarhizium grew faster and the density of plant root hairs increased when compared with control plants. The onset of plant root hair proliferation was initiated before germination of M. robertsii on the root (within 1–2 d). Plants inoculated with M. robertsii ΔMAD2 (plant adhesin gene) took significantly longer to show root hair proliferation than the wild type. Cell free extracts of M. robertsii did not stimulate root hair proliferation. Longer‐term (60 d) associations showed that M. robertsii endophytically colonized cortical cells within bean roots. Metarhizium appeared as a mycelial aggregate within root cortical cells as well as between the intercellular spaces with no apparent damage to the plant.• Conclusions: These results suggest that M. robertsii is not only rhizosphere competent but also displays a beneficial endophytic association with plant roots that results in the proliferation of root hairs.
Hiv-1 Tat Protein Impairs Adipogenesis and Induces the Expression and Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Human Sgbs Adipocytes
Authors: Díaz-Delfín Julieta , Domingo Pere , Wabitsch Martin , Giralt Marta , Villarroya Francesc 
Published: December 2011

Background HIV-1 Tat protein has been shown to play multiple roles in the pathogenesis of AIDS; however, there is no information currently available on its effects on adipose tissue alterations. We have studied the effects of Tat on SGBS adipocytes to gain insight on its role on the development of lipodystrophy. Methods SGBS preadipocytes were exposed to Tat during and after differentiation. Acquisition of adipocyte morphology, expression of gene markers of adipogenesis and inflammation, release of adipokines and cytokines to the medium, and glucose uptake were measured. The action of Tat on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-regulated messenger RNA expression was determined in differentiated adipocytes. The capacity of rosiglitazone, resveratrol and parthenolide to influence the action of Tat was also assessed. Results Tat treatment reduced the number of SGBS preadipocytes that acquired adipocyte morphology. It also led to repression of adipogenic gene expression and induced the coordinate expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines in human adipose cells. Moreover, combined treatment with Tat and TNF-α produced an additive effect on the repression of adipocyte genes. The observed effects of Tat on gene transcription in adipocytes were due, in part, to TNF-α that was secreted as a consequence of intracellular exposure to Tat. Conclusions Tat impairs adipogenesis in human SGBS preadipocytes and increases the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Positive crosstalk between Tat and TNF-α contributes to the anti-adipogenic and proinflammatory effects. HIV-1 Tat protein may play a role in the adipose tissue alterations that ultimately lead to lipoatrophy and systemic metabolic disturbances observed in HIV-1-infected patients.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema Compared to Patients with Pure Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: KIMURA MAKIKO , TOKUDA YASUHARU , OSHIAWA HIDETO , YOSHIDA KAZUKI , UTSUNOMIYA MASAKO , KOBAYASHI TATSUO , DESHPANDE GAUTAM A. , MATSUI KAZUO , KISHIMOTO MITSUMASA 
Published: December 2011

Objective.To compare clinical features of patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) and patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and to explore the purported association between RS3PE and malignancy.Methods.We did a retrospective chart review of patients with RS3PE and PMR treated in a community-based hospital between January 2000 and December 2009. Outcomes assessed were clinical course of disease and associated malignancies.Results.We identified 28 patients with RS3PE and 123 with pure PMR. All patients with RS3PE fulfilled PMR criteria as well. Age, comorbidity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, duration and progression of symptoms, treatment response to initial low-dose steroids, and steroid complication rates were similar in both groups. Patients with RS3PE were more likely to be male (79% vs 41%; p = 0.001) and to have a history of smoking (39% vs 15%; p = 0.008) and a higher rate of depression (11% vs 2%; p = 0.044) at diagnosis. Among those with RS3PE, hip pain was less common (39% vs 74%; p = 0.001) than in the PMR group. No patients with RS3PE and 6 patients with pure PMR (4.9%) developed another rheumatological disease during followup. Seven of 9 patients (78%) with concurrent cancer presented slightly more frequently with systemic symptoms compared to patients without cancer (48%; p = 0.098), especially with fatigue (56% vs 22%; p = 0.037) and anorexia (33% vs 9.0%; p = 0.047). Despite rigorous cancer screening in patients with RS3PE, however, the rate of associated malignancy was not statistically different from that of patients with pure PMR [2 (7%) vs 7 (6%), respectively; p = 0.673].Conclusion.Despite evidence that RS3PE is clinically distinct from PMR, we observed characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes like those expected in pure PMR. Compared to patients with pure PMR, patients with RS3PE are more likely to be male, to be depressed, and to smoke. Contrary to earlier studies, no clear association of RS3PE with malignancy was found despite rigorous cancer screening, although clinicians should be aware that patients with concurrent cancer may manifest more systemic signs and symptoms, as well as steroid resistance.