bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Sodium Intake and Change in Uric Acid, Urine Albumin Excretion, and the Risk of Developing Hypertension
Authors: Forman John P. , Scheven Lieneke , de Jong Paul E. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Curhan Gary C. , Gansevoort Ron T. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
A high-sodium diet has little short-term effect on blood pressure in nonhypertensive individuals but, for unclear reasons, is associated with hypertension if consumed long term. We hypothesized that a chronically high sodium intake would be associated with increases in biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, specifically serum uric acid (SUA) and urine albumin excretion (UAE), and that high sodium intake would be associated with incident hypertension among those with higher SUA and UAE.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively analyzed the associations between sodium intake and the change in SUA (n=4062) and UAE (n=4146) among participants of the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End Stage Disease (PREVEND) study who were not taking antihypertensive medications. We also examined the association of sodium intake with the incidence of hypertension (n=5556) among nonhypertensive participants. After adjustment for confounders, each 1-g-higher sodium intake was associated with a 1.2-μmol/L increase in SUA (
P
=0.01) and a 4.6-mg/d increase in UAE (
P
<0.001). The relation between sodium intake and incident hypertension varied according to SUA and UAE. For each 1-g-higher sodium intake, the adjusted hazard ratio for developing hypertension was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.08) among those in the lowest tertile of SUA and 1.09 (1.02–1.16) among those in the highest tertile. Corresponding hazard ratios were 0.99 (confidence interval, 0.93–1.06) among participants whose UAE was <10 mg/d and 1.18 (confidence interval, 1.07–1.29) among those whose UAE was >15 mg/d.

Conclusions—
Over time, higher sodium intake is associated with increases in SUA and UAE. Among individuals with higher SUA and urine UAE, a higher sodium intake is an independent risk factor for developing hypertension.
Histone Deacetylation Inhibition in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhao Lan , Chen Chien-Nien , Hajji Nabil , Oliver Eduardo , Cotroneo Emanuele , Wharton John , Wang Daren , Li Min , McKinsey Timothy A. , Stenmark Kurt R. , Wilkins Martin R. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Epigenetic programming, dynamically regulated by histone acetylation, is a key mechanism regulating cell proliferation and survival. Little is known about the contribution of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension, a condition characterized by profound structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries and arterioles.

Methods and Results—
HDAC1 and HDAC5 protein levels were elevated in lungs from human idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and in lungs and right ventricles from rats exposed to hypoxia. Immunohistochemistry localized increased expression to remodeled vessels in the lung. Both valproic acid, a class I HDAC inhibitor, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat), an inhibitor of class I, II, and IV HDACs, mitigated the development of and reduced established hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat. Both valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid inhibited the imprinted highly proliferative phenotype of fibroblasts and R-cells from pulmonary hypertensive bovine vessels and platelet-derived growth factor–stimulated growth of human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Exposure to valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid was associated with increased levels of p21 and FOXO3 and reduced expression of survivin. The significantly higher levels of expression of cKIT, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, stromal-derived factor-1, platelet-derived growth factor-b, and S100A4 in R-cells were downregulated by valproic acid and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment.

Conclusions—
Increased HDAC activity contributes to the vascular pathology of pulmonary hypertension. The effectiveness of HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid, and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, in models of pulmonary arterial hypertension supports a therapeutic strategy based on HDAC inhibition in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Timing of Aneurysm Treatment After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dorhout Mees Sanne M. , Molyneux Andrew J. , Kerr Richard S. , Algra Ale , Rinkel Gabriel J.E. 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
The ideal timing of coiling or clipping after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unknown. Within the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial we assessed differences in incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and clinical outcome between different timings of treatment.

Methods—
The treated 2106 patients randomized to coiling or clipping were divided into 4 categories: treatment <2 days, on days 3 to 4, on days 5 to 10, and >10 days after the hemorrhage. ORs with 95% CI were calculated with logistic regression analysis for delayed cerebral ischemia, poor outcome at 2 months, and 1 year for the different timing categories, with treatment <2 days as reference. Analyses were performed for all patients, and for coiled and clipped patients separately, and were adjusted for baseline characteristics.

Results—
Adjusted ORs of delayed cerebral ischemia for treatment on days 5 to 10 were 1.18 (95% CI, 0.91–1.53) for all patients, 1.68 (95% CI, 1.17–2.43) after coiling, and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.54–1.16) after clipping. ORs for poor outcome at 2 months were 1.16 (95% CI, 0.89–1.50) for treatment (clipping and coiling combined) at 3 to 4 days, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.08–1.80) for treatment at 5 to 10 days, and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.36–2.51) for treatment >10 days. ORs for coiled and clipped patients separately were in the same range. Results for outcome at 1 year were similar.

Conclusions—
Our results support the current practice for early aneurysm treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The risk for poor outcome was highest when treatment was performed after day 10; postponing treatment in patients who are eligible for treatment between days 5 to 10 after subarachnoid hemorrhage is not recommended.
Intensive Versus Subcutaneous Insulin in Patients With Hyperacute Stroke
Authors: Rosso Charlotte , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Pires Christine , Crozier Sophie , Attal Yohan , Jacqueminet Sophie , Deltour Sandrine , Multlu Gurkan , Leger Anne , Meresse Isabelle , Payan Christine , Dormont Didier , Samson Yves 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) has not yet proven its efficacy on stroke prognosis or in the reduction of MRI infarct growth. The INSULINFARCT study aims at determining in patients with hyperacute stroke whether IIT, with a better control of poststroke hyperglycemia, would reduce subsequent MRI infarct growth than usual care with subcutaneous insulin.

Methods—
One hundred eighty patients with MRI-proven ischemic stroke and with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from 5 to 25 at admission (<6 hours) were randomized to receive IIT or usual subcutaneous insulin for 24 hours. Admission hyperglycemia was not required for recruitment. Control MRI and 3-month follow-up (with functional outcome and serious adverse events) were planned. The primary objective was to detect a difference in the proportion of patients with mean capillary glucose test <7 mmol/L during 24 hours. The secondary objective was to investigate whether IIT would reduce infarct growth. The analysis was planned in intention-to-treat. Patients with >3 missing capillary glucose test were excluded (n=4).

Results—

The proportion of patients with mean capillary glucose test <7 mmol/L in the first 24 hours was higher in the IIT group (95.4% [83 of 87] versus 67.4% [60 of 89];
P
<0.0001). The infarct growth was lower in the subcutaneous insulin group (median, 10.8 cm
3
; 95% CI, 6.5–22.4 versus 27.9 cm
3
; 14.6–40.7; 60% of increase;
P
=0.04). The 3-month functional outcome (45.6% [41 of 90] versus 45.6% [41 of 90]), death (15.6% [14 of 90] versus 10% [9 of 90]), and serious adverse events (38.9% [35 of 90] versus 35.6% [32 of 90]) were similar in the subcutaneous insulin and IIT group.

Conclusion—
The IIT regimen improved glucose control in the first 24 hours of stroke but was associated with larger infarct growths. IIT cannot be recommended in hyperacute ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT00472381.
Patterns of CO2 Variability from Global Satellite Data
Authors: Ruzmaikin Alexander , Aumann Hartmut H. , Pagano Thomas S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The authors present an analysis of the global midtropospheric CO2 retrieved for all-sky (clear and cloudy) conditions from measurements by the Atmospheric Infrared Radiation Sounder on board the Aqua satellite in 2003–09. The global data coverage allows the identification of the set of CO2 spatial patterns and their time variability by applying principal component analysis and empirical mode decomposition. The first, dominant pattern represents 93% of the variability and exhibits the linear trend of 2 ± 0.2 ppm yr−1, as well as annual and interannual dependencies. The single-site record of CO2 at Mauna Loa compares well with variability of this pattern. The first principal component is phase shifted relative to the Southern Oscillation, indicating a causative relationship between the atmospheric CO2 and ENSO. The higher-order patterns show regional details of CO2 distribution and display the semiannual oscillation. The CO2 distributions are compared with the distribution of two major characteristics of air transport: the vertical velocity and potential temperature surfaces at the same height. In agreement with modeling, CO2 concentration closely traces the potential temperature surfaces (isentropes) in middle and high latitudes. However, its vertical transport in the tropics, where these surfaces are mostly horizontal, is suppressed. The results are in agreement with the previous results on annual and interannual CO2 time variability obtained by using the network flask data. This knowledge of the global CO2 spatial patterns can be useful in climate analyses and potentially in the challenging task of connecting CO2 sources and sinks with its distribution in the atmosphere.
Renal Pathophysiologic Role of Cortical Tubular Inclusion Bodies
Authors: Radi Zaher A. , Stewart Zachary S. , Grzemski Felicity A. , Bobrowski Walter F. 
Published: June 2012

Renal tubular inclusion bodies are rarely associated with drug administration. The authors describe the finding of renal cortical tubular intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies associated with the oral administration of a norepinephrine/serotonin reuptake inhibitor (NSRI) test article in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were given an NSRI daily for 4 weeks, and kidney histopathologic, ultrastructural pathology, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. Round eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed histologically in the tubular epithelial cells of the renal cortex in male and female SD rats given the NSRI compound. No evidence of degeneration or necrosis was noted in the inclusion-containing renal cells. By ultrastructural pathology, inclusion bodies consisted of finely granular, amorphous, and uniformly stained nonmembrane-bound material. By immunohistochemistry, inclusion bodies stained positive for d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) protein. In addition, similar inclusion bodies were noted in the cytoplasmic tubular epithelial compartment by ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination. This is the first description of these renal inclusion bodies after an NSRI test article administration in SD rats. Such drug-induced renal inclusion bodies are rat-specific, do not represent an expression of nephrotoxicity, represent altered metabolism of d-amino acids, and are not relevant to human safety risk assessment.
Intrinsic Risk Factors of Noncontact Ankle Sprains in Soccer
Authors: Fousekis Konstantinos , Tsepis Elias , Vagenas George 
Published: June 2012

Background: Ankle sprain is an extremely common injury in soccer players. Despite extensive research, the intrinsic cause of this injury under noncontact conditions remains unclear. Purpose: To identify intrinsic risk factors for noncontact ankle sprains in professional soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2 Methods: One hundred professional soccer players were assessed in the preseason for potential risk factors of noncontact ankle sprains. The assessment included (A) ankle joint asymmetries (right-left) in isokinetic muscle strength, flexibility, proprioception, and stability; (B) somatometric asymmetries; (C) previous injuries; and (D) lateral dominance traits. Noncontact ankle sprains were prospectively recorded and diagnosed for a full competition period (10 months). Results: Seventeen of the players sustained at least 1 noncontact ankle sprain. Logistic regression revealed that players with (A) eccentric isokinetic ankle flexion strength asymmetries (odds ratio [OR] = 8.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95-40.36, P = .005), (B) increased body mass index (OR = 8.16; 95% CI, 1.42-46.63, P = .018), and (C) increased body weight (OR = 5.72; 95% CI, 1.37-23.95, P = .017 ) each had a significantly higher risk of a noncontact ankle sprain. A trend for younger players (OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.061-1.24, P = .092) and for players with ankle laxity asymmetries (OR = 3.38; 95% CI, 0.82-14.00, P = .093) to be at greater risk for ankle sprain was also apparent to the limit of statistical significance (.05 < P < .10). Conclusion: Functional strength asymmetries of the ankle flexors and increased body mass index and body weight raise the propensity for ankle sprains in professional soccer players. Age and asymmetries in ankle laxity are potential factors worth revisiting, as there was an indication for younger players and players with ankle instability to be at higher risk for ankle injury. Proper preseason evaluation may improve prevention strategies for this type of injury in soccer.
Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures Associated With Skiing and Snowboarding Injuries According to the AO Comprehensive Classification
Authors: Gertzbein Stanley D. , Khoury David , Bullington Andrew , St. John Thomas A. , Larson Andrew I. 
Published: June 2012

Background: The incidence of spinal fractures varies from 1% to 17% in alpine skiing injuries. Distinctions have been made regarding the differences in the mechanisms of injury and fracture types between skiing and snowboarding. Although fracture patterns have been described, there have not been any detailed descriptions of the specific fracture types and subgroups. Purpose: To address the patterns of spinal fractures associated with these sports and to determine the incidence of various fracture groups and subgroups as well as to determine whether the fracture patterns differ between skiing and snowboarding injuries. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This is a retrospective review of thoracic and lumbar spinal fractures associated with either skiing or snowboarding over a period of 5 years. The injuries were classified according to the AO Comprehensive Classification. In addition, isolated transverse process fractures and isolated spinous process fractures were included. Cervical spine fractures were excluded from this study. Results: There were a total of 119 patients with thoracic and lumbar fractures that were identified after 1,283,348 skiing/snowboarding days. There were a total of 146 fractures, of which 114 were classified according to the AO Comprehensive Classification, with the remaining fractures (n = 32) consisting of isolated transverse or spinous process fractures. The preponderance of these injuries (94.7%) was compression injuries. Burst fractures (A3.1 and A3.2) made up 23%, and simple compression fractures (A1.1, A1.2, and A1.3) made up 71% of the total. Distraction injuries composed only 4.4%, and rotation injuries composed 0.9% of the total. The snowboarders incurred only compression fractures, whereas the 5 distraction injuries and the 1 rotational injury were noted only in the skier population. There were no patients with neurological deficits in this review. Fourteen skiers (14%) and 10 snowboarders (8%) were found to have isolated transverse process fractures. All 6 isolated spinous process fractures (4% of all fractures) were in the thoracic spine. Conclusion: Thoracic and lumbar fractures caused by skiing and snowboarding are mainly stable injuries, composed of either compression fractures, mostly simple compression injuries, or isolated transverse and spinous process fractures. Neurological injury was not seen in this study.
Evaluación de proceso del programa de educación afectivo-sexual Ni ogros ni princesas
Authors: García-Vázquez Jose , Ordóñez Adelina Lena , Álvarez y Óscar Suárez 
Published: June 2012

Resumen Fundamento: En 2008, se puso en marcha el programa Ni ogros ni princesas en 12 centros de secundaria de Asturias (España) para incorporar la educación afectivo-sexual. El programa proponía 14 actividades, dirigidas a alumnado, profesorado y familias. Este estudio recoge la evaluación de proceso de esta intervención, en relación a la ejecución de las actividades, participación, satisfacción, utilidad percibida y propuestas de mejora. Métodos: La población de estudio fueron los 12 centros que participaron en el programa, y su alumnado, profesorado y familias. Se obtuvo información sobre la ejecución de actividades mediante un cuestionario de seguimiento; se recogió la satisfacción y utilidad percibida con cuestionarios auto-administrados para alumnado y profesorado; también se recogieron sus propuestas de mejora, y las de las familias, en grupos focales. Resultados: El número medio de actividades realizadas por los 12 centros fue 11,6. Se implicaron 185 docentes (26%), que impartieron sesiones al 81% del alumnado en estos 12 centros. El número medio de sesiones impartidas fue 6 en cada nivel de la ESO. El 79% del profesorado se sintió bastante/muy satisfecho con su actuación y al 65% del alumnado le gustaron bastante/mucho estas sesiones. Más del 60% de estudiantes y docentes consideraron que estas sesiones servían bastante/mucho para aumentar conocimientos, reflexionar, mejorar la igualdad, conocer otras opiniones y favorecer el respeto a la diversidad sexual. Entre las propuestas de mejora, más horas para la educación sexual, liberación horaria para el profesorado, y más actividades para familias. Conclusiones: El programa fue una intervención novedosa y percibida como útil para incorporar la educación sexual en los centros de secundaria, ya que contó con un gran nivel de ejecución, así como una alta participación, satisfacción y utilidad percibida por el alumnado y profesorado.
Las estrategias de promoción y prevención en el Modelo Integral de Atención en Salud - Trienio 2003-2006, Tabasco, México
Authors: Calvo Silvia Martínez , Padrón y Hilda Santos 
Published: June 2012

Resumen Introducción. Las estrategias de atención de salud previstas en el modelo de atención del Estado de Tabasco para el período 2003-2006, se organizaron en dos grupos: i) relacionadas con la promoción de la salud y la prevención de enfermedades; y ii) relacionadas con la gestión y administración de los servicios de salud. La estrategia dirigida a la promoción de salud y la prevención de enfermedades, fue considerada como prioritaria en el nuevo Modelo de Atención de Salud y para ello, se privilegió la participación comunitaria. Objetivo. después de casi 3 años de ejecución, era imprescindible indagar sobre lo alcanzado, para lo cual, se diseñó y ejecutó un ejercicio valorativo, cuya descripción representa el objetivo de este trabajo. Metodología. se realizó un ejercicio valorativo, desarrollado durante los meses de agosto-octubre del año 2006 en Jurisdicciones Sanitarias seleccionadas en el estado de Tabasco, in México. Resultados. destacan hallazgos como, la creación y funcionamiento de los Comités de Salud, la identificación del trabajo intersectorial y la utilidad de la participación comunitaria. Conclusiones. se concluye que en todo modelo de atención de salud, son ineludibles las actividades de promoción y prevención para obtener resultados exitosos. Estas actividades mantienen su vigencia y utilidad, particularmente, las acciones intersectoriales y la toma de decisiones con participación comunitaria. Sin dudas, la creación y funcionamiento del Comité Local de Salud, principal órgano coordinador municipal para las actividades de promoción y prevención, requiere perfeccionar su funcionamiento.
Cryopreserved ovarian cortex from patients with leukemia in complete remission contains no apparent viable malignant cells
Authors: Greve Tine , Clasen-Linde Erik , Andersen Morten T. , Andersen Mette K. , Sørensen Stine D. , Rosendahl Mikkel , Ralfkiær Elisabeth , Andersen Claus Yding 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Some women suffering from leukemia require bone marrow transplantation to be cured. Bone marrow transplantation is associated with a high risk of sterility, and some patients are offered fertility preservation by cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex. Transplantation of the ovarian cortex to women cured of leukemia who became menopausal is currently not performed because of the risk of introducing the disease. In this study, individual pieces of ovarian cortex intended for reimplantation from 25 patients with leukemia were transplanted to each of 25 nude mice for 20 weeks. The ovarian cortex was examined before and after transplantation by histology and immunohistochemistry, and RT–quantitative PCR (in the 7 patients with a known marker). Seventeen patients had the ovarian cortex retrieved when they were in complete remission. Before transplantation, 4 of 7 pieces (2 from patients in complete remission) of ovarian cortex had a positive RT–quantitative PCR. After transplantation, none of the mice revealed any sign of disease, neither in the pieces of ovarian cortex transplanted nor in any of the murine organs evaluated. Thus, the ovaries from patients in complete remission do not appear to contain viable malignant cells contrasting ovarian tissue retrieved before treatment.
Disease characteristics and clinical outcome in young adults with essential thrombocythemia versus early/prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Barbui Tiziano , Thiele Jürgen , Carobbio Alessandra , Passamonti Francesco , Rumi Elisa , Randi Maria Luigia , Bertozzi Irene , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Gisslinger Heinz , Gisslinger Bettina , Finazzi Guido , Ruggeri Marco , Rodeghiero Francesco , Rambaldi Alessandro , Gangat Naseema , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated disease characteristics and clinical outcome in young patients (< 40 years) with World Health Organization (WHO)–defined essential thrombocythemia (ET) compared with early/prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (PMF) with presenting thrombocythemia. We recruited 213 young patients (median age, 33.6 years), ncluding 178 patients (84%) with WHO-defined ET and 35 patients (16%) showing early PMF. Median follow-up time was 7.5 years. A trend for more overall thrombotic complications, particularly arterial, was seen in early PMF compared with ET. Progression to overt myelofibrosis was 3% in ET and 9% in early PMF, but no transformation into acute leukemia was observed. Combining all adverse events (thrombosis, bleeding, and myelofibrosis), the rate was significantly different (1.29% vs 3.43% of patients/year, P = .01) in WHO-ET and early PMF, respectively. In multivariate analysis, early PMF and the JAK2V617F mutation emerged as independent factors predicting cumulative adverse events.