bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einstellbare Kranbahnkonsole aus Stahlblech zum Anbau an Stahlbeton‐Fertigteilstützen
Authors: Bube Eckhard , Hardt Andreas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDer einwandfreie Betrieb einer Krananlage ist abhängig von der Einhaltung enger Toleranzgrenzen. Herkömmliche Stahlbetonkonsolen erlauben keinen wirtschaftlichen Ausgleich der Hochbau‐ und Fertigungstoleranzen. Qualitätsmängel, Mehraufwendungen und Terminverzug durch Montageprobleme sind die Folge. Die neuentwickelte Stahlkonsole ermöglicht eine bequeme Einstellbarkeit und bietet eine wirtschaftliche Lösung für den Tragwerksplaner, den Hersteller der Stahlbetonkonstruktion und den Kranbahnlieferanten. Eine Reihe mit statischen und dynamischen Versuchen bestätigt die Tragfähigkeit und die Gebrauchstauglichkeit der neuen Stahlkonsole.Adjustable crane way bracket made of steel plates for fastening to a concrete support.The operation of a crane system depends on the realisation of the crane runway tolerance. Common concrete brackets do not allow an economical compensation of building and manufacturing tolerances. The result is a lack of quality, additional fitting work and time delay. The new designed steel bracket allows a comfortable adjustability and offers an innovative solution for engineering, manufacturing and assembly. Several tests under static and dynamic conditions confirm the load capacity and the service fitness of the new steel bracket.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Windbelastung auf freistehende Telekomunikationsmasten nach DIN 4131 und Eurocode 3
Authors: Vayas Ioannis , Dasiou Maria‐Eleni , Efthymiou Evangelos 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWind stellt die wichtigste Einwirkung bei der Bemessung freistehender Gittermasten aus Stahl dar. Nach Einführung der Eurocodes im März 2010 soll die Windbelastung auf Masten nach Eurocode bestimmt werden, anstelle der bis jetzt auch in Griechenland gültigen Norm DIN 4131. Telekommunikationsmasten werden mit immer neuen Antennen bestückt, so dass die Standsicherheit ständig nach den gültigen Normen neu geprüft werden muss. So ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer Untersuchung, ob die neue Norm günstige oder ungünstige Ergebnisse liefert. Im folgenden Beitrag werden Ergebnisse vergleichender Untersuchungen zur Windbelastung und ihrer Auswirkung nach DIN sowie nach den Eurocodes dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Be‐messungskräfte nach Eurocode in Abhängigkeit von den Eingangsdaten in Bezug auf die Topographie, der Zuverlässigkeitsklasse usw. sowohl kleiner als auch größer sein können als nach DIN.Comparative study of wind loading on telecommunication masts according to DIN 4131 and Eurocode 3.Wind is the principal action for the design of self‐supporting lattice steel masts. After the introduction of the Eurocodes on March 2010, wind loading shall be determined according to Eurocode instead of DIN 4131, applicable also in Greece. New antennas are constantly placed on masts, which are used for telecommunication purposes, so that new strength and stability verifications according to the valid Codes are continuously needed. This paper presents comparative studies on the wind loading and their effects according to DIN and the Eurocodes. It is shown that the design forces according to Eurocode, dependent on the importing data related to the topography, the reliability class etc., can be smaller or larger than the corresponding ones resulting from DIN.
Brandschutz für die Hallen der Neuen Messe in Stuttgart
Authors: Brux Gunther 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDie neun Hallen der Neuen Messe in Stuttgart mit insgesamt über 100000 m2 Ausstellungsfläche haben weitgespannte Hängedächer und F90‐feuerbeständige Stahlkonstruktionen. Dabei bestehen Druck‐ und Zugstützen sowie Riegel aus betongefüllten Rohren mit und ohne Stahlkern sowie teilweise mit Beschichtung mit Dämmschichtbildnern. Diese Mischform des baulichen Brandschutzes erforderte besondere Voruntersuchungen.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Macrolactonization Using MNBA in the Synthesis of Erythromycin A Aglycon
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Katoh Takashi , Nagai Shunsuke , Hashizume Minako 
Published: December 2009

AbstractVarious intermediates for the synthesis of erythronolide A, an aglycon of erythromycin A, are prepared from the corresponding seco‐acids using 2‐methyl‐6‐nitrobenzoic anhydride (MNBA) in the presence of 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) with or without triethylamine. The efficiency of the MNBA lactonization is assessed by studying this method and comparing the results with those of the other established macrocyclization protocols. It has been finally concluded that (i) the conformationally appropriate substrate for the monomeric cyclization gave the desired lactone in excellent yield under mild reaction conditions in the presence of MNBA and DMAP, (ii) the highly‐strained substrate for the cyclization also afforded the monomeric lactone in relatively good yield at 100°C in toluene, and (iii) the seco‐acid having stable linear conformation, which preferred dimerizing more than forming the monomeric lactone, provided the corresponding diolide in high yield with the constant ratio of the monomer to dimeric lactone (approximately 1/5). © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 305–320; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900017
Therapeutic Efficacy Comparison of Two Surgical Procedures to Treat Middle Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Yang , Wang Zhou , Liu Xiang‐Yan , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Chen Qing‐Fu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of two surgical procedures used to treat middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and compare the results.MethodsA total of 167 patients with middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study, including 102 patients who underwent Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy and another 65 who underwent dual‐incision esophagectomy through the left chest and neck (Dual‐incision). The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic risk factors.ResultsPerioperative complications occurred in 35 patients (21%). The incidence rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and anastomotic leakage was higher in the Dual‐incision group (p < 0.05), and the incidence rate of gastric retention was higher in the Ivor‐Lewis group. However, there were no statistically significant differences. The 3‐year local recurrence rate was 37.3% in the Ivor‐Lewis group and 40% in the Dual‐incision group (p > 0.05). The overall 5‐year survival rate was 34.6%; the rates of the Ivor‐Lewis group and the Dual‐incision group were 36.0 and 32.3%, respectively (p > 0.05). The Cox analysis indicated that the pTNM staging was an independent prognostic risk factor (p = 0.00, hazard ratio = 2.69).ConclusionsBoth Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy and Dual‐incision esophagectomy through the left chest and neck are options for treating middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It is suggested that a patient’s individual condition be taken into account when choosing the operative approach.
Antibiotic Therapy Versus Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Varadhan Krishna K. , Humes David J. , Neal Keith R. , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic treatment has been shown to be effective in treating selected patients with acute appendicitis, and three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared the efficacy of antibiotic therapy alone with that of surgery for acute appendicitis. The purpose of this meta‐analysis of RCTs was to assess the outcomes with these two therapeutic modalities.MethodsAll RCTs comparing antibiotic therapy alone with surgery in patients over 18 years of age with suspected acute appendicitis were included. Patients with suspected perforated appendix or peritonitis, and those with an allergy to antibiotics had been excluded in the RCTs. The outcome measures studied were complications, length of hospital stay, and readmissions.ResultsMeta‐analysis of RCTs of antibiotic therapy versus surgery showed a trend toward a reduced risk of complications in the antibiotic‐treated group [RR (95%CI): 0.43 (0.16, 1.18) p = 0.10], without prolonging the length of hospital stay [mean difference (inverse variance, random, 95% CI): 0.11 (−0.22, 0.43) p = 0.53]. Of the 350 patients randomized to the antibiotic group, 238 (68%) were treated successfully with antibiotics alone and 38 (15%) were readmitted. The remaining 112 (32%) patients randomized to antibiotic therapy crossed over to surgery for a variety of reasons. At 1 year, 200 patients in the antibiotic group remained asymptomatic.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that although antibiotics may be used as primary treatment for selected patients with suspected uncomplicated appendicitis, this is unlikely to supersede appendectomy at present. Selection bias and crossover to surgery in the RCTs suggest that appendectomy is still the gold standard therapy for acute appendicitis.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Presence of Angiovascular Cells in Tissues from Different Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Itoh Asako , Iwase Katsumi , Jimbo Shin , Yamamoto Haruo , Yamamoto Naoki , Kokubo Masahiro , Senda Takao , Nakai Akira , Nagagasaka Akio , Nagasaka Takaaki , Hibi Yatsuka , Seko Teppei 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in tumor angiogenesis and other pathophysiological processes.Materials and methodsWe studied the localization of VEGF in human thyroid tissues to clarify its involvement in proliferative processes in a variety of thyroid disorders. Immunohistochemical analysis using purified rabbit polyclonal anti‐human VEGF or anti‐human CD34 antibody and a streptavidin–biotin peroxidase complex detection system was performed on 58 tissue specimens from 53 patients with different thyroid disorders and 5 normal thyroid glands.ResultsVascular endothelial growth factor was not detected in normal thyroid follicular cells. However, some thyroid tumor cells expressed VEGF in the cytoplasm (papillary carcinoma, 10/18; follicular carcinoma, 1/3; medullary carcinoma, 2/2; follicular adenoma, 3/11; adenomatous goiter, 2/4). In benign follicular adenoma and adenomatous goiter, weak expression of VEGF was found in small areas of the tumor, whereas in malignant thyroid tumors, it was strongly expressed in many cells. However, VEGF was not expressed in anaplastic carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, or Graves’ disease. Angiovascular cells stained with CD34 antibody in tissues from different thyroid disorders reflected statistically significant differences in papillary carcinoma, follicular adenoma, and Graves’ disease compared with normal thyroids, and such cells showed a trend toward increases in medullary carcinoma and adenomatous goiter. In contrast, low vascularity was observed in anaplastic carcinoma, malignant lymphoma, and follicular carcinoma.ConclusionsBecause VEGF probably functions as a hypoxia‐inducible angiogenic factor, overexpression of this mediator, concomitant with hypervascularity, may be induced more strongly in malignant thyroid tumors, which need more oxygen to proliferate, than in benign follicular tumors. However, neither VEGF nor CD34 was expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, which is an extremely poorly differentiated malignant tumor. CD34 but not VEGF was expressed in the hyperplastic thyroid tissues of Graves’ disease composed of nontransformed cells. Thus, the expression of VEGF concomitant with CD34 is suggested to reflect both the transformation and differentiation state of malignant tumors.
Central Lymph Node Metastasis: Is It a Reliable Indicator of Lateral Node Involvement in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma?
Authors: Xiao Gui‐Zhou , Gao Li 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of central lymph node metastases in predicting lateral node involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsThis retrospective study consists of 121 patients with PTC who underwent ipsilateral selective neck dissection. The quantitative relationship between central and lateral lymph node metastases (LNM) was analyzed.ResultsA total of 86 patients (71.1%) had pathologically proven LNM; 55 patients had LNM in both the central and lateral compartments, 22 patients had only central LNM, and 9 patients had skip metastasis to lateral nodes. The sensitivity of central node involvement to predict lateral LNM was 85.9%, the specificity was 61.4%. The presence of two or more positive central nodes was associated with a high incidence of lateral LNM (70–93.3%), when compared with none (20.5%) or one (47.4%) positive central node.ConclusionsThe node status of the central compartment is moderately predictive of that of lateral compartment. The presence of two or more positive central nodes may be of value in predicting lateral node involvement.
Excellent Prognosis of Patients with Solitary T1N0M0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Who Underwent Thyroidectomy and Elective Lymph Node Dissection Without Radioiodine Therapy
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Masuoka Hiroo , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kihara Minoru , Tomoda Chisato , Higashiyama Takuya , Takamura Yuuki , Kobayashi Kaoru , Miya Akihiro , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of surgery for papillary carcinoma significantly differs between western countries and Japan. Almost routine total thyroidectomy with radioiodine ablation therapy has been performed in western countries, whereas limited thyroidectomy has been adopted in Japan, especially for low‐risk cases. In this study, the prognosis of patients with solitary papillary carcinoma measuring 2 cm or less without massive extrathyroid extension, clinically apparent lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis at diagnosis (T1N0M0 in the UICC TNM classification) was investigated to elucidate the appropriate extent of surgery for these patients.MethodsWe investigated the prognosis of 2,638 patients with solitary T1N0M0 papillary carcinoma who underwent initial surgery between 1987 and 2004. Total or near total thyroidectomy was performed for 1,037 patients and the remaining 1,601 patients underwent more limited thyroidectomy. Elective central node dissection was performed for 2,511 patients, accounting for 96%, and 1,545 (59%) also underwent prophylactic lateral node dissection. Radioiodine ablation therapy was performed only for three patients.ResultsThe 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate of our series was 97%. To date, recurrence was observed in 62 patients (2%) and 41 showed recurrence to the regional lymph nodes. Seventeen of 1,601 patients who received limited thyroidectomy (1%) showed recurrence to the remnant thyroid. Pathological nodal‐positive patients showed a worse DFS, but the 10‐year DFS rate was still high at 96%. Patients with total or near total thyroidectomy had a better DFS, but the difference disappeared if recurrence to the remnant thyroid was excluded. A number needed to treat (NNT) for total or near total thyroidectomy over hemithyroidectomy was 83 to prevent 1 recurrence.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that solitary T1N0M0 patients have an excellent prognosis when they undergo thyroidectomy and elective lymph node dissection without radioiodine therapy. Regarding the extent of thyroidectomy, hemithyroidectomy is adequate for these patients, if a 1% risk of recurrence to the remnant thyroid is accepted.
Oncocytic Cell Tumors of the Thyroid: Factors Predicting Malignancy and Influencing Prognosis, Treatment Decisions, and Outcomes
Authors: Pisanu Adolfo , Di Chiara Barbara , Reccia Isabella , Uccheddu Alessandro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe distinction between malignant and benign thyroid oncocytic cell tumors (OCTs) before and during surgery still represents a diagnostic challenge. We focused on the search for specific factors that predict malignancy and influence the prognosis of OCTs, and for their most appropriate management.MethodsFrom January 1998 to May 2007, 57 patients underwent thyroidectomy in our surgical department because of OCT. A cross‐sectional study of 28 patients with carcinoma and 29 patients with adenoma was performed: demographic data, tumor characteristics, diagnostic results, patient management, postoperative, and follow‐up results were evaluated.ResultsThe prevalence of malignancy was 49.1%. The mean tumor size was significantly greater for carcinomas than for adenomas (3.0 cm vs. 1.8 cm; p = 0.003). Threshold sizes of more than 3.0 cm and 4.0 cm were significant for predicting malignancy (p = 0.020 and p = 0.010, respectively). Tumor multifocality, microfollicular features, and severe cytological atypia also were significantly related to malignancy (p = 0.012 and p = 0.025, respectively). Recurrent OCT was observed in three patients with carcinoma. One patient with distant metastases died from the disease. Older age, tumor size, thyroid capsular invasion, higher TNM stage, and AMES high risk were factors significantly related to tumor recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size was the only factor predictive of malignancy and influencing recurrence.ConclusionsAll OCTs should be referred to surgery because of the high prevalence of malignancy. In the case of OCTs with larger tumor size and microfollicular features with severe cytological atypia, total thyroidectomy is strongly recommended as initial treatment also in relation with the more likely aggressive biological behavior of greater tumors.
Effect of Metal Contaminants and Antioxidants on the Oxidation Stability of the Methyl Ester of Pongamia
Authors: Sarin Amit , Arora Rajneesh , Singh N. P. , Sarin Rakesh , Sharma Meeta , Malhotra R. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAccording to the proposed National Mission on biodiesel in India, we have undertaken studies on the stability of biodiesel from tree‐borne non‐edible oil seeds like Pongamia pinnata. Neat Pongamia methyl ester (PoME) exhibited an oxidation stability (OS) of 2.54 h and research was conducted to investigate the effect of the presence of transition metals likely to be present in the metallurgy of storage tanks and barrels, on the OS of PoME. It was found that the influence of metal was detrimental to OS and was catalytic, as even small concentrations of metal contaminants showed nearly the same influence on OS as large amounts. Copper showed the strongest detrimental and catalytic effect on OS. The OS of metal‐contaminated PoME was found to increase with an increase in the dosage of antioxidant but the dosage required for copper‐contaminated PoME became approximately four times than required for neat PoME. The dependence of the OS on the type of metal showed that long‐term storage tests in different types of metal containers for examining the influence of container material on OS of biodiesel may be replaced by the significantly faster Rancimat test serving as an accelerated storage test.
Australian Oryza: Utility and Conservation
Authors: Henry Robert J. , Rice Nicole , Waters Daniel L. E. , Kasem Shabana , Ishikawa Ryuji , Hao Yin , Dillon Sally , Crayn Darren , Wing Rod , Vaughan Duncan 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Australian Oryza are an understudied and underexploited genetic resource for rice improvement. Four species are indigenous: Oryza rufipogon, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza australiensis are widespread across northern Australia, whereas Oryza officinalis is known from two localities only. Molecular analysis of these wild populations is required to better define the distinctness of the taxa and the extent of any gene flow between them and rice. Limited collections of these wild populations are held in seed and DNA banks. These species have potential for domestication in some cases but also have many traits of potential value in the improvement of domesticated rice. Stress tolerance (biotic and abiotic) and grain quality characteristics in these populations may be useful.
Calcium and zinc supplementation protects lead (Pb)‐induced perturbations in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in developing mouse brain
Authors: Prasanthi R.P. Jaya , Devi C. Bhuvaneswari , Basha D. Chand , Reddy N. Saya , Reddy G. Rajarami 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeveral studies have implicated oxidative stress as one of the important mechanisms of toxic effects of lead (Pb). In the present study we tested the beneficial effects of calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) in protecting the Pb‐induced oxidative stress in the brains of developing and adult mice. Mice were lactationally exposed to 0.2% Pb and supplemented with either calcium (Ca2+) or zinc (Zn2+) and the mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO) and catalase (CAT)] and lipid peroxidation (LP) were analyzed in cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and medulla of brains excised on postnatal day (PND) 14, 21, 28 and 3 months. The levels of free radicals were measured using direct Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Exposure to Pb resulted a significant decrease in the activities of SOD, XO and CAT while the LP levels were significantly increased in different brain regions. Evaluation of EPR signals and g‐values showed abundant accumulation of free radicals in different regions of the brain following Pb exposure. Interestingly the supplementation with Ca2+ or Zn2+ reversed the Pb‐induced effects on antioxidant enzymes, LP and free radical formation; however Zn2+ supplementation appeared to be more protective. These findings strongly support that zinc and calcium supplementation significantly protect the Pb‐induced oxidative stress, a major contributing factor to neurotoxicity.
Effects of a chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet and its withdrawal, in adulthood, on cerebral Na+,K+‐ATPase and plasma S100B in neonatally handled rats
Authors: da S. Benetti Carla , Silveira Patrícia P. , Matté Cristiane , Stefanello Francieli M. , Leite Marina C. , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto S. , Wyse Angela T.S. , Dalmaz Carla , Goldani Marcelo Z. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that early environment influences the metabolic response, affecting abdominal fat deposition in adult female rats exposed to a long‐term highly caloric diet. In the present study, our goal was to verify the effects of the chronic exposure, in adulthood, to a highly palatable diet (chocolate) on cerebral Na+,K+‐ATPase activity and S100B protein concentrations, and the response to its withdrawal in neonatally handled and non‐handled rats. We measured the consumption of foods (standard lab chow and chocolate), body weight gain, S100B protein concentrations, as well as cerebral Na+,K+‐ATPase activity during chronic exposure and after chocolate withdrawal in adult female rats that had been exposed or not to neonatal handling (10 min/day, 10 first days of life). Non‐handled rats chronically exposed to chocolate exhibited increased plasma S100B levels, but there was no difference in abdominal fat S100B concentration between groups. Chronic chocolate consumption decreased Na+,K+‐ATPase activity in both amygdala and hippocampus in non‐handled, but not in handled rats, and this effect disappeared after chocolate withdrawal. Non‐handled animals also demonstrated increased frequency of head shaking in the open field after 24 h of chocolate withdrawal in comparison to handled ones. These findings suggest that neonatal handling modifies the vulnerability to metabolic and brain alterations induced by chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet in adulthood.