bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p62/sequestosome-1 as a severity-reflecting plasma biomarker in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A
Authors: Yoon Byeol-A , Kim Young Hee , Nam Soo Hyun , Lee Hye-Jin , Oh Seong-il , Kim Namhee , Kim Kyeong-Hee , Jo Young Rae , Kim Jong Kuk , Choi Byung-Ok , Park Hwan Tae 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutophagy is a self-degradation system for recycling to maintain homeostasis. p62/sequestosome-1 (p62) is an autophagy receptor that accumulates in neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the elevation of plasma p62 protein levels in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A) for its clinical usefulness to assess disease severity. We collected blood samples from 69 CMT1A patients and 59 healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of p62 were analyzed by ELISA, and we compared them with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy score version 2 (CMTNSv2). A mouse CMT1A model (C22) was employed to determine the source and mechanism of plasma p62 elevation. Plasma p62 was detected in healthy controls with median value of 1978 pg/ml, and the levels were significantly higher in CMT1A (2465 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The elevated plasma p62 levels were correlated with CMTNSv2 (r = 0.621, p < 0.0001), motor nerve conduction velocity (r =  − 0.490, p < 0.0001) and disease duration (r = 0.364, p < 0.01). In C22 model, increased p62 expression was observed not only in pathologic Schwann cells but also in plasma. Our findings indicate that plasma p62 measurement could be a valuable tool for evaluating CMT1A severity and Schwann cell pathology.
Weight change in the first 30 days among infants born less than 2000 grams in Guinea-Bissau and Uganda
Authors: Co Raimundo , Nankabirwa Victoria , Bale Carlito , de Sa Augusto Braima , Martin-Herz Susanne P. , Blair Emily , Pollack Lance , Laleau Victoria , Flaherman Valerie , Ginsburg Amy Sarah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of low birth weight infants in sub-Saharan Africa and the associated poor outcomes, weight change during the newborn period has not been well characterized for this population. We prospectively assessed growth over the first 30 days among 120 infants born < 2000 g (g) in Guinea‐Bissau and Uganda, and compared it to a similar cohort of 420 infants born ≥ 2000 g. Among those born < 2000 g, mean birth weight was 1747 ± 164 g, and initial weight loss was 8.25 ± 4.40% of birth weight prior to the initiation of weight gain at a median of 3 (interquartile range 2, 4) days of age. This initial weight loss was more pronounced (8.25 vs 6.06%; p < 0.001) and lasted longer (median 3 vs 2 days; p < 0.001) than for infants born ≥ 2000 g. The initial period of weight loss was an important predictor of growth at 30 days in both cohorts. Infants born < 2000 g on average grew proportionately to their size at birth but did not experience catch-up growth; their weights at 30 days remained much lower than that of infants born ≥ 2000 g and most remained severely underweight. Targeted interventions to optimize early growth should be investigated.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancement of salt-tolerance in Melia azedarach under salinity stress
Authors: Li Na , Shao Tianyun , Xu Li , Long Xiaohua , Rengel Zed , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMelia azedarach demonstrates strong salt tolerance and thrives in harsh saline soil conditions, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed gene expression under low, medium, and high salinity conditions to gain a deeper understanding of adaptation mechanisms of M. azedarach under salt stress. The GO (gene ontology) analysis unveiled a prominent trend: as salt stress intensified, a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) became enriched in categories related to metabolic processes, catalytic activities, and membrane components. Through the analysis of the category GO:0009651 (response to salt stress), we identified four key candidate genes (CBL7, SAPK10, EDL3, and AKT1) that play a pivotal role in salt stress responses. Furthermore, the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signaling pathways and starch and sucrose metabolism under both medium and high salt exposure in comparison to low salt conditions. Notably, genes involved in JAZ and MYC2 in the jasmonic acid (JA) metabolic pathway were markedly upregulated in response to high salt stress. This study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying M. azedarach salt tolerance and identifies potential candidate genes for enhancing salt tolerance in M. azedarach.
Orbital-overlap-driven hybridization in 3d-transition metal perovskite oxides LaMO3 (M = Ti-Ni) and La2CuO4
Authors: Liu Chun-Yu , Celiberti Lorenzo , Decker Régis , Ruotsalainen Kari , Siewierska Katarzyna , Kusch Maximilian , Wang Ru-Pan , Kim Dong Jik , Olaniyan Israel Ibukun , Di Castro Daniele , Tomiyasu Keisuke , van der Minne Emma , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Kiens Ellen M. , van den Bosch Iris C. G. , Patil Komal N. , Baeumer Christoph , Koster Gertjan , Lazemi Masoud , de Groot Frank M. F. , Dubourdieu Catherine , Franchini Cesare , Föhlisch Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe wide tunability of strongly correlated transition metal (TM) oxides stems from their complex electronic properties and the coupled degrees of freedom. Among the perovskite oxides family, LaMO3 (M = Ti-Ni) allows an M-dependent systematic study of the electronic structure within the same-structure-family motif. While most of the studies have been focusing on the 3d TMs and oxygen sites, the role of the rare-earth site has been far less explored. In this work, we use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the lanthanum N4,5 edges and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the hybridization mechanisms in LaMO3. We link the spatial-overlap-driven hybridization to energetic-overlap-driven hybridization by comparing the RIXS chemical shifts and the DFT band widths. The scope is extended to highly covalent Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite La2CuO4 by intercalating lanthanum atoms to rock-salt layers. Our work evidences an observable contribution of localized lanthanum 5p and 4f orbitals in the band structure.
Electrochemical ocean iron fertilization and alkalinity enhancement approach toward CO2 sequestration
Authors: Taqieddin Amir , Sarrouf Stephanie , Ehsan Muhammad Fahad , Buesseler Ken , Alshawabkeh Akram N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAchieving net-zero emissions by 2050 requires the development of effective negative emission techniques, including ocean-based approaches for CO2 sequestration. However, the implementation and testing of marine CO2 removal (mCDR) techniques such as ocean iron fertilization (OIF) or ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) face significant challenges. Herein, a novel self-operating electrochemical technology is presented that not only combines OIF and OAE, but also recovers hydrogen gas (H2) from seawater, hence offering a promising solution for achieving quantifiable and transparent large-scale mCDR. Experimental results show that the electrochemical OIF (EOIF) can not only increase the concentration of ferrous iron (Fe+2) by 0–0.5 mg/L, but also significantly increases the seawater pH by 8% (i.e., a 25% decrease in the hydrogen ions concentration). The release of iron (Fe+2/Fe+3) can be regulated by adjusting the magnitude of the electric current and its form (e.g., pulsed current and polarity reversal), as well as by optimizing the electrode material and geometry. In certain ocean regions, enhanced iron concentrations stimulate the naturally occurring biological carbon pump (BCP), leading to increased phytoplankton growth, CO2 uptake, and subsequent export of carbon to the deep ocean. Simultaneously, the system increases seawater alkalinity and the buffer capacity, enhancing CO2 solubility and storage in the shallow ocean through the solubility pump. The obtained measurements demonstrate the scalability of EOIF and its ability to operate using solar energy at a lower cost. Overall, the proposed EOIF technology offers a practical, effective, and sustainable solution for addressing climate change on a large scale.
Modelling the impact of wastewater flows and management practices on antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms
Authors: Todman Henry , Helliwell Richard , King Liz , Blanchard Adam , Gray-Hammerton Charlotte J. , Hooton Steven P. , Baker Michelle , Margerison Jean , Wilson Paul , Dodd Christine E. R. , Morris Carol , Raman Sujatha , Hudson Chris , Kreft Jan-Ulrich , Hobman Jon L. , Kypraios Theodore , Stekel Dov J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDairy slurry is a major source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant genes and bacteria. We developed mathematical models and conducted on-farm research to explore the impact of wastewater flows and management practices on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in slurry. Temporal fluctuations in cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli were observed and attributed to farm activities, specifically the disposal of spent copper and zinc footbath into the slurry system. Our model revealed that resistance should be more frequently observed with relevant determinants encoded chromosomally rather than on plasmids, which was supported by reanalysis of sequenced genomes from the farm. Additionally, lower resistance levels were predicted in conditions with lower growth and higher death rates. The use of muck heap effluent for washing dirty channels did not explain the fluctuations in cephalosporin resistance. These results highlight farm-specific opportunities to reduce AMR pollution, beyond antibiotic use reduction, including careful disposal or recycling of waste antimicrobial metals.
A continuum of zinc finger transcription factor retention on native chromatin underlies dynamic genome organization
Authors: Hu Siling , Liu Yangying , Zhang Qifan , Bai Juan , Xu Chenhuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTranscription factor (TF) residence on chromatin translates into quantitative transcriptional or structural outcomes on genome. Commonly used formaldehyde crosslinking fixes TF-DNA interactions cumulatively and compromises the measured occupancy level. Here we mapped the occupancy level of global or individual zinc finger TFs like CTCF and MAZ, in the form of highly resolved footprints, on native chromatin. By incorporating reinforcing perturbation conditions, we established S-score, a quantitative metric to proxy the continuum of CTCF or MAZ retention across different motifs on native chromatin. The native chromatin-retained CTCF sites harbor sequence features within CTCF motifs better explained by S-score than the metrics obtained from other crosslinking or native assays. CTCF retention on native chromatin correlates with local SUMOylation level, and anti-correlates with transcriptional activity. The S-score successfully delineates the otherwise-masked differential stability of chromatin structures mediated by CTCF, or by MAZ independent of CTCF. Overall, our study established a paradigm continuum of TF retention across binding sites on native chromatin, explaining the dynamic genome organization.
Primordial dust rings, hidden dust mass, and the first generation of planetesimals in gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Skliarevskii Aleksandr M. , Guedel Manuel , Molyarova Tamara 
Published: May 2024

Aims. We study a new mechanism of dust accumulation and planetesimal formation in a gravitationally unstable disk with suppressed magnetorotational instability and we compare it with the classical dead zone in a layered disk model.
Methods. We used numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit (FEOSAD code) to model the formation and long-term evolution of gravitationally unstable disks, including dust dynamics and growth.
Results. We found that in gravitationally unstable disks with a radially varying strength of gravitational instability (GI), an inner region (of several astronomical units) of low mass and angular momentum transport is formed. This region is characterized by a low effective value for the αGI parameter, often used to describe the efficiency of mass transport by GI in young protoplanetary disks. The inner region is also similar in terms of characteristics to the dead zone in the layered disk model. As the disk forms and evolves, the GI-induced dead zone accumulates a massive dust ring, which is susceptible to the development of the streaming instability. The model and observationally inferred dust masses and radii may differ significantly in gravitationally unstable disks with massive inner dust rings.
Conclusions. The early occurrence of the GI-induced dust ring, followed by the development of the streaming instability suggest that this mechanism may be behind the formation of the first generation of planetesimals in the inner terrestrial zone of the disk. The proposed mechanism, however, crucially depends on the susceptibility of the disk to gravitational instability and requires the magnetorotational instability to be suppressed.
First detection of CF+ in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Gong Yan , Menten Karl M. , Jacob Arshia M. , Henkel Christian , Chen C.-H. Rosie 
Published: May 2024

Context. CF+ has been established as a valuable diagnostic tool for investigating photodissociation regions (PDRs) and fluorine abundances in the Milky Way. However, its role in extragalactic environments remains largely uncharted.
Aims. Our objective is to explore the significance of CF+ in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and assess its utility as a probe for examining C+ and fluorine abundances in external galaxies.
Methods. We performed pointed CF+ observations toward an active star-forming region, N113 in the LMC, using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment 12 m submillimeter telescope.
Results. We report the first discovery of CF+ in the LMC through the successful detection of the CF+ (2→1) and (3→2) lines. The excitation models indicate that CF+ emission originates from dense PDRs characterized by an H2 number density of (0.5–7.9) × 104 cm−3 in N113. Our observations provide the first constraint on the fluorine abundance in molecular clouds in the LMC, ≲1.7 × 10−9. This value is about an order of magnitude lower than those previously measured toward red giants in the LMC, indicative of fluorine deficiency in the molecular gas. The estimated column density ratio between C+ and CF+ appears to be lower than the anticipated equilibrium ratio derived from the fluorine abundance in red giants. Both phenomena can be explained by the deficiency of CF+ caused by the freeze-out of its primary chemical precursor, HF, onto dust grains.
Conclusions. The deficiency of CF+ within molecular clouds suggests that the measurements presented in this work serve exclusively as conservative estimates, establishing lower bounds for both the fluorine abundance and C+ column densities in external galaxies.
Comparison of routine del Nido cardioplegia vs two types of modified del Nido cardioplegias for myocardial protection among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Ali Babar , Butt Salman Pervaiz , Nour Mohammad Ghazi , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Shoul Ali Raza , Kumar Arun , Darr Umer , Bhatnagar Gopal 
Published: May 2024

Background: The del Nido cardioplegia solution is a widely used method for myocardial protection in various settings. However, there is limited evidence of its effectiveness in adult cardiac surgery, and the baseline solution, Plasma Lyte A, is not readily available, leading to the use of alternative baseline solutions. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of routine del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery and the impact of different baseline solutions on myocardial protection and other perioperative outcomes. Methods: This study was a prospective, double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial conducted at a single tertiary care hospital in Iran. A total of 187 adult patients were evaluated for eligibility, of which 120 met the inclusion criteria for elective isolated CABG surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, with each group consisting of 40 patients. The control group received a normal saline-based routine del Nido cardioplegia, Intervention Group A received Ringer lactate-based del Nido cardioplegia, and Intervention Group B received plain Ringer-based del Nido cardioplegia. The levels of Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), Troponin T, Troponin I, and lactate were primarily assessed at four different times: after anesthesia induction (Baseline), 2 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Results: Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics were the same among groups with insignificant differences (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference among groups based on CK-MB, Troponin T, Troponin I, and lactate levels (p = 0.078, 0.143, 0.311, and 0.129 respectively). However, there was a significant difference in the time effect of Troponin T and Lactate (p = 0.034, p = <0.001). Conclusion: Normal saline, Ringer lactate, and plain Ringer provide comparable myocardial protection in adult-isolated CABG surgery with modified del Nido cardioplegia. Larger studies are needed to identify the best alternative to Plasma Lyte A while maintaining del Nido cardioplegia as the control.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Pfeifer Ute 
Published: May 2024

ist unsere Gesellschaft ver-rückt?Sind Teile der Gesellschaft nach rechts ver-rückt?In den ersten Wochen und Monaten des Jahres gab es wochenlang regelmäßig Proteste
gegen rechts, Rechtsextremismus, Antisemitismus und Rassismus.
Zum
Glück!
MDMA-gestützte Therapie
Authors: Bechtold Laura , Repantis Dimitris 
Published: May 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNeben den klassischen Psychedelika, z. B. Psilocybin, werden wieder vermehrt andere Substanzen wie 3,4-Methylendioxy-N-methylamphetamin (MDMA) erforscht. Das Entaktogen („innerlich berührend“) ist in den USA nur noch wenige Schritte von einer möglichen Zulassung zur Behandlung der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung entfernt. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick über die Wirkung, den Einsatz im therapeutischen Setting sowie den Forschungsstand geben. Hierbei sollen insbesondere Sicherheitsaspekte der MDMA-gestützten Therapie beleuchtet werden. Zuletzt folgt ein Ausblick auf eine mögliche Zulassung und damit einhergehende offene Fragen, wie beispielsweise die Umsetzung in der klinischen Praxis. Auch die Notwendigkeit weiterer Studien wird diskutiert.
Psychedelikaassistierte Psychotherapie
Authors: Daumann Jörg , Herwig Uwe 
Published: May 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Anwendung von Psychedelika in der Psychotherapie wirft erhebliche ethische, soziale und klinische Fragen auf.Gesundheitliche Risiken, Spezifika des Informed Consent, medialer Einfluss, die Rolle der Therapeuten, Sicherheitsaspekte und der rechtliche Status sind exemplarische Schlüsselbereiche.Auch in der wissenschaftlichen Evaluation der psychedelikaaugmentierten Psychotherapie sind zahlreiche methodische Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Dazu gehören unter anderem geeignete Kontrollbedingungen, Placebospezifika und Verblindungsprozeduren, um belastbare Erkenntnisse zu generieren. Erwartungsverzerrungen müssen minimiert und/oder inferenzstatistisch herausgerechnet werden.Kontinuierliche Forschung, Ausbildung und Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Interessengruppen sind notwendig, um die komplexen klinischen, ethischen und methodischen Dimensionen der psychedelischen Forschung und Therapie effektiv zu bewältigen.
Psychotherapeutisches Setting und Integration bei psychedelikaassistierter Therapie
Authors: Brand Manuela , Faerber Luca V. , Kaertner Laura , Mertens Lea J. , Scharf Dennis , Schmitz Christian N. , Spangemacher Moritz , Gründer Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Gegenstand und Ziel Der vorliegende Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen mit psychedelischen Substanzen aus einem psychotherapeutischen Blickwinkel. Dabei wird die Rolle der „Integration“ von psychedelischen Erfahrungen diskutiert. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die außergewöhnlichen Erfahrungen, die Menschen unter Psychedelikaeinfluss oftmals erleben, für den psychotherapeutischen Fortschritt nutzbar gemacht werden können.
Material und Methoden Zunächst wird ein einführender Überblick über die Phasen psychedelikaassistierter Therapie (PAT) gegeben. Anschließend wird am Beispiel der Behandlung therapieresistent-depressiver Patienten mit Psilocybin in einer klinischen Studie (EudraCT: 2019–003984–24; NCT04670081) eine Möglichkeit für die psychotherapeutisch begleitete Integration psychedelischer Erfahrungen beschrieben.
Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung(en) Die Integration psychedelischer Erfahrungen in den Lebensalltag ist ein wissenschaftlich noch wenig untersuchter, jedoch essenzieller Teil der PAT. Es sollten evidenzbasierte Protokolle entwickelt werden, um die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Therapie durch Methoden zur Integration zu erhöhen.
Klinische Relevanz Es ist zu erwarten, dass die Integration psychedelischer Erfahrungen mit Einführung der PAT in etablierte Gesundheitssysteme zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen wird. Klinische Studien müssen diesem Bedarf mit neuen psychotherapeutischen Behandlungskonzepten begegnen.
Bedeutung der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie im humanmedizinischen Studium, in der akademischen Lehre und Weiterbildung
Authors: Stroh Christine , Meyer Frank 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungIn der Lehre spielen die Adipositas- und metabolische Chirurgie aktuell eine limitierte
Rolle. Allerdings besteht aufgrund der rasant wachsenden Zahl an operativen Eingriffen die
Notwendigkeit der Kenntnisvermittlung sowohl im Humanmedizinstudium als auch in der
gastroenterologischen, allgemein- und viszeralchirurgischen Facharztausbildung.Narrative Kurzübersicht.Die Aufnahme der komplexen Lehrinhalte der Adipositas- und metabolischen Chirurgie in
die chirurgische Lehre und in die allgemein- sowie viszeralchirurgische Facharztausbildung
ist essenziell, um zukunftsorientiert hinsichtlich der Entwicklung des Fachgebiets gewappnet
zu sein.