bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balance Training for Neuromuscular Control and Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zech Astrid , Hübscher Markus , Vogt Lutz , Banzer Winfried , Hänsel Frank , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Objective:
As a result of inconsistencies in reported findings, controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of balance training for improving functional performance and neuromuscular control. Thus, its practical benefit in athletic training remains inconclusive. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of training interventions in enhancing neuromuscular control and functional performance.

Data Sources:
Two independent reviewers performed a literature search in Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and SCOPUS.

Study Selection:
Randomized controlled trials and controlled trials without randomization with healthy and physically active participants aged up to 40 years old were considered for inclusion. Outcomes of interest were postural control, muscle strength, agility, jump performance, sprint performance, muscle reflex activity, rate of force development, reaction time, and electromyography.

Data Extraction:
Data of interest were methodologic assessment, training intervention, outcome, timing of the outcome assessment, and results. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated when data were sufficient.

Data Synthesis:
In total, 20 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Balance training was effective in improving postural sway and functional balance when compared with untrained control participants. Larger effect sizes were shown for training programs of longer duration. Although controversial findings were reported for jumping performance, agility, and neuromuscular control, there are indications for the effectiveness of balance training in these outcomes. When compared with plyometric or strength training, conflicting results or no effects of balance training were reported for strength improvements and changes in sprint performance.

Conclusions:
We conclude that balance training can be effective for postural and neuromuscular control improvements. However, as a result of the low methodologic quality and training differences, further research is strongly recommended.
Synthesis of the artemisinin‐imprinting polymers on silica surface and its adsorption behavior in supercritical CO2 fluid
Authors: Yang Baojun , Cao Xuejun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMolecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) for artemisinin were prepared by using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and calix[4]arene bonded on silica particle surface as the functional monomers, tetraethoxysilicane as cross‐linker, and artemisinin as template. The MIPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope and SEM. Their adsorption capacities were evaluated by static adsorption experiments. The MIPs showed high adsorption capacity and good selectivity for artemisinin. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIPs for artemisinin was 40.0 mg/g. The imprinting factor and the selective factor of the artemisinin‐imprinting polymers was 2.0 and 1.5, respectively. The imprinted film coating onto the silica surface showed a fast kinetics for recognizing and binding templates. Especially, mass transfer reaches the equilibrium within 3.5 h and the adsorption capacity of MIPs for artemisinin reached 120.0 mg/g in supercritical CO2 fluid. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
What the halted phase III γ‐secretase inhibitor trial may (or may not) be telling us
Authors: Schor Nina F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aborted trial of semagacestat has led some to invoke unanticipated effects of γ‐secretase inhibition on formation of amyloid β. However, the many substrates for γ‐secretases and the varied biological effects of each of the resultant cleavage products make ascribing causality much more complex than that. Ann Neurol 2011
Repetitive hypoxia extends endogenous neurovascular protection for stroke
Authors: Stowe Ann M. , Altay Tamer , Freie Angela B. , Gidday Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:Brief systemic hypoxia protects the rodent brain from subsequent ischemic injury, although the protection wanes within days. We hypothesized that the duration of ischemic tolerance could be extended from days to months by repeated intermittent hypoxia of varying magnitude and duration.Methods:Infarction volumes following a 60‐minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were determined in adult male mice 2 days through 8 weeks after completion of a 2‐week repetitive hypoxic preconditioning (RHP) protocol. Separate cohorts were studied for the protective effects of RHP on postischemic and cytokine‐induced cerebrovascular inflammation, and for potential deleterious effects of the RHP stimulus itself.Results:RHP protection against transient focal stroke persisted for 8 weeks. Leukocyte adherence to cortical venules was attenuated in response to stroke, as well as following tumor necrosis factor‐α administration, indicating that reductions in postischemic inflammation were not secondary to smaller infarct volumes. RHP reduced poststroke leukocyte diapedesis concomitant with a long‐lasting downregulation of endothelial adhesion molecule mRNAs, and also reduced postischemic blood–brain barrier permeability to endogenous immunoglobulin G. RHP was without effect on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell viability, only transiently elevated hematocrit, and did not affect the magnitude of cerebral blood flow during and after ischemia.Interpretation:Taken together, our findings reveal a novel form of epigenetic neurovascular plasticity characterized by a prominent anti‐inflammatory phenotype that provides protection against stroke many weeks longer than previously established windows of preconditioning‐induced tolerance. Translating these endogenous protective mechanisms into therapeutics could afford sustained periods of cerebroprotection in subpopulations of individuals at identified risk for stroke. ANN NEUROL 2011
Distribution of febrile seizure duration and associations with development
Authors: Hesdorffer Dale C. , Benn Emma K. T. , Bagiella Emilia , Nordli Douglas , Pellock John , Hinton Veronica , Shinnar Shlomo ,   for the FEBSTAT Study Team
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective:In prior studies of febrile seizures (FSs), prolonged FSs were defined, absent empirical evidence, as lasting 10 or 15 minutes or more. We assessed the distribution of FS duration in a cohort with first FSs, and the association between FS duration and baseline characteristics of the children.Methods:We calculated the observed cumulative probability, S(t), that a FS would last at least t minutes, S(t) = exp(−t/τ). Data were also fit using a model obtained as the sum of 2 exponential distributions (S[t] = αexp[−t/τ1] + [1 − α]exp[−t/τ2]). After assessing the best fit, the cutoff defining long FS was determined. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between long FSs and baseline characteristics, behavior, and development.Results:In 158 children with a first FS, median duration was 4.0 minutes. Duration of FS was best fit by a 2‐component mixture exponential model. Using this model, we identified 1 population that accounts for 82.3% of FSs and has a mean duration of 3.8 minutes (short FS) and a second population that accounts for 17.7% of FSs and has a mean duration of 39.8 minutes (long FS). Long FSs were significantly associated with developmental delay (p = 0.010) and delays and younger age at first FS (p = 0.048).Interpretation:Like the distribution of afebrile seizure duration in children, the distribution of first FS duration is best modeled by assuming 2 populations. Developmental delay and younger age are associated with prolonged FSs. Our data lend further support to defining 10 minutes as the upper limit for a simple FS. ANN NEUROL 2011
Nanotoxikologie – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Krug Harald F. , Wick Peter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDer aktuelle Anstieg bei den Verbraucherprodukten, die Nanomaterialien enthalten, als auch die Prognose zu den neuen Entwicklungen zu Anwendungen mit Nanopartikeln oder anderen Nanostrukturen bringt bei verschiedenen Organisationen, aber auch bei der Bevölkerung die Befürchtung auf, dass hier auch neue gesundheitliche Risiken entstehen können. Mit den Erfahrungen aus früheren Technologieentwicklungen sind solche Befürchtungen nicht ganz unbegründet, aber sind diese auch berechtigt? Ist es außerdem begründet, von der “Nanotoxikologie” als einer neuen Disziplin zu sprechen? Dieser Aufsatz soll die Besonderheiten beleuchten, die bei der Interaktion von Nanoobjekten mit Zellen, Geweben und Organismen auftreten können. Insbesondere wollen wir darauf aufmerksam machen, dass zwar viele Daten zu den biologischen Wirkungen von Nanomaterialien vorhanden sind, aber eine Reihe dieser Studien nicht verlässlich sind. Dies soll dabei hauptsächlich an Beispielen aus aktuellen Publikationen versucht werden, als dass wir direkt auf konkrete Materialien eingehen. Mit dem Verweis auf methodische Unzulänglichkeiten sowie Empfehlungen am Schluss des Aufsatzes, wie diese vermieden werden können, wollen wir außerdem zu einer nachhaltigen Verbesserung der Datenlage beitragen.
Functional mesenchymal stem cell niches in adult mouse knee joint synovium in vivo
Authors: Kurth Tobias B. , Dell'Accio Francesco , Crouch Vicki , Augello Andrea , Sharpe Paul T. , De Bari Cosimo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe previously reported that human synovium contains cells that, after culture expansion, display properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The objective of this study was to identify MSCs in native synovium in vivo.MethodsTo identify stem cells in the synovium in vivo, a double nucleoside analog cell‐labeling scheme was used in a mouse model of joint‐surface injury. For labeling of slow‐cycling cells, mice received iododeoxyuridine (IdU) for 30 days, followed by a 40‐day washout period. For labeling of cells that proliferate after injury, mice underwent knee surgery to produce an articular cartilage defect and received chlorodeoxyuridine (CIdU) for 4 days, starting at multiple time points after surgery. Unoperated and sham‐operated joints served as controls. Knee joint paraffin sections were analyzed by double and triple immunostaining to detect nucleoside analogs, conventional MSC markers, and chondrocyte‐lineage markers.ResultsLong‐term–retaining, slow‐cycling IdU‐positive cells were detected in the synovium. At 4 days and 8 days after injury, there was marked proliferation of IdU‐positive cells, which costained for CIdU. IdU‐positive cells were nonhematopoietic, nonendothelial stromal cells, were distinct from pericytes, and stained positive for MSC markers. MSCs were phenotypically heterogeneous and located in topographically distinct niches in the lining layer and the subsynovial tissue. Twelve days after injury, double nucleoside–labeled cells within synovium were embedded in cartilage‐specific metachromatic extracellular matrix and costained positive for the chondrocyte‐lineage markers Sox9 and type II collagen.ConclusionOur findings provide the first evidence of the existence of resident MSCs in the knee joint synovium that undergo proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation following injury in vivo.
Spreading Chromatin into Chemical Biology
Authors: Allis C. David , Muir Tom W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEpigenetics, broadly defined as the inheritance of non‐Mendelian phenotypic traits, can be more narrowly defined as heritable alterations in states of gene expression (“on” versus “off”) that are not linked to changes in DNA sequence. Moreover, these alterations can persist in the absence of the signals that initiate them, thus suggesting some kind of “memory” to epigenetic forms of regulation. How, for example, during early female mammalian development, is one X chromosome selected to be kept in an active state, while the genetically identical sister X chromosome is “marked” to be inactive, even though they reside in the same nucleus, exposed to the same collection of shared trans‐factors? Once X inactivation occurs, how are these contrasting chromatin states maintained and inherited faithfully through subsequent cell divisions? Chromatin states, whether active (euchromatic) or silent (heterochromatic) are established, maintained, and propagated with remarkable precision during normal development and differentiation. However, mistakes made in establishing and maintaining these chromatin states, often executed by a variety of chromatin‐remodeling activities, can lead to mis‐expression or mis‐silencing of critical downstream gene targets with far‐reaching implications for human biology and disease, notably cancer. Though chromatin biologists have identified many of the “inputs” that are important for controlling chromatin states, the detailed mechanisms by which these processes work remain largely opaque, in part due to the staggering complexity of the chromatin polymer, the physiologically relevant form of our genome. The primary objective of this article is to serve as a “call to arms” for chemists to contribute to the development of the precision tools needed to answer pressing molecular problems in this rapidly moving field.
High‐Performance Oxygen Sensors Based on EuIII Complex/Polystyrene Composite Nanofibrous Membranes Prepared by Electrospinning
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Li Bin , Zhang Liming , Zuo Qinghui , Li Peng , Zhang Jun , Su Zhongmin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn optical oxygen sensor based on an EuIII complex/polystyrene (PS) composite nanofibrous membrane is prepared by electrospinning. The emission intensity of [Eu(TTA)3(phencarz)] (TTA=2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, phencarz=2‐(N‐ethylcarbazolyl‐4)imidazo[4,5‐f]1,10‐phenanthroline) decreases with increasing oxygen concentration, and thus the [Eu(TTA)3 (phencarz)]/PS composite nanofibrous membranes can be used as an optical oxygen‐sensing material based on emission quenching caused by oxygen. Elemental analysis, UV/Vis absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, luminescence‐intensity quenching Stern–Volmer plots, and excited‐state decay analysis are used to characterize the obtained oxygen‐sensing materials. A high sensitivity (IN2/IO2) of 3.38 and short response and recovery times (t↓=5.0, t↑=8.0 s) are obtained. These results are the best values reported for oxygen sensors based on EuIII complexes. The high surface area‐to‐volume ratio and porous structure of the electrospun nanofibrous membranes are taken to be responsible for the outstanding performance.
Foundations of mediation training: A literature review of adult education and training design
Authors: Hedeen Timothy , Raines Susan S. , Barton Ansley B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh‐quality mediation training is essential to producing skilled mediators, but what makes for good training? To answer this question, the authors examine the literature on adult education, mediation training, training design and methods, and quality assurance in mediation training. What follows is a summary and analysis of the literature on issues related to mediation training. This core body of knowledge helps to prepare mediation trainers and program administrators as they seek to ensure that the training they provide or sponsor is of the highest quality possible.
Prospect theory and the framing of the Good Friday Agreement
Authors: Hancock Landon E. , Weiss Joshua N. , Duerr Glen M. E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe examine how supporters of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement tried to persuade their constituents to vote for ratifying the agreement. We argue that a “sales” message based on tenets of prospect theory—framing the preferred choice as less risky than the alternative—garnered more support for the initial vote and, more important, insulated the process to some extent from failures in implementation. For this article, we determine how political leaders supporting the agreement framed it, finding that they attempted to do so both positively toward a better future and as a better alternative to continued or renewed conflict.
The role of interactional competence in mediation
Authors: Cora Garcia Angela 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, I analyze the interactional techniques disputants use to construct effective opening statements in mediation sessions. Using a single case analysis, I show how the use of specific interactional techniques by the first disputant created a frame for the second disputant's opening statement, which constricted the paths available to him to present his side of the dispute favorably. I conclude with a discussion of the relevance of disputants' interactional competence for a mediator's efforts to effectively balance power between disputants.
Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels Catalyzed by Fenton‐Like Ionic Liquids at Room Temperature
Authors: Jiang Yunqing , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming , Yin Sheng , Liu Hua , Xie Qingjie 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOxidation of the sulfur‐containing compounds benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), and 4,6‐dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6‐DMDBT) has been studied in a desulfurization system composed of model oil, hydrogen peroxide, and different types of ionic liquids [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/FeCl3, [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/CuCl2, [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/ZnCl2, [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/SnCl2, [(C4H9)3CH3N]Cl/FeCl3, [C10H21(CH3)3N]Cl/FeCl3, [(C10H21)2(CH3)2N]Cl/FeCl3. Deep desulfurization is achieved in the Fenton‐like ionic liquid [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/FeCl3 at 25 °C for 1 h. The desulfurization of DBT reaches 97.9 %, in consuming very low amount of [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/FeCl3 (only 0.702 mmol). The reaction conditions, for example, the amount of [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl/FeCl3 or H2O2, the temperature, and the molar ratio of FeCl3 to [(C8H17)3CH3N]Cl, are investigated for this system. The oxidation reactivity of the different sulfur‐containing compounds is found to decrease in the order of DBT>BT>4,6‐DMDBT. The desulfurization system can be recycled six times without significant decrease in activity. The sulfur level of FCC gasoline could be reduced from 360 ppm to 110 ppm.
Translocon‐associated protein subunit Trap‐γ/Ssr3 is required for vascular network formation in the mouse placenta
Authors: Yamaguchi Yasuka L. , Tanaka Satomi S. , Oshima Naoko , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Asashima Makoto , Nishinakamura Ryuichi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe translocon‐associated protein (TRAP, also termed the signal sequence receptor) complex is required for the efficient translocation of secretory and membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is also involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress‐mediated unfolded protein response pathway. To investigate the roles of Trap‐γ, a TRAP complex subunit, we generated Trap‐γ knockout mice and found that mutant pups died soon after birth because of retarded embryonic organ growth, especially in the lung. The mutant placentae showed severe vascular network malformation in the labyrinth and significant reductions in blood space areas, which had an adverse effect on intrauterine embryonic growth. Placental malformation was already found by the mid‐gestation‐stage mutant placenta, with poor vascular endothelial cell proliferation in the chorionic plate region and increased apoptotic cell death in the labyrinth. Thus, Trap‐γ appears to be required for vascular network formation in murine placental development. Developmental Dynamics 240:394–403, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An obesogenic diet started before puberty leads to abnormal mammary gland development during pregnancy in the rabbit
Authors: Hue‐Beauvais Cathy , Chavatte‐Palmer Pascale , Aujean Etienne , Dahirel Michèle , Laigre Patrice , Péchoux Christine , Bouet Stephan , Devinoy Eve , Charlier Madia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlterations to the metabolic environment during puberty can impact future lactation efficiency and mammary tumorigenesis. During this study, we used a model of rabbits receiving an obesogenic diet (OD), starting before puberty and extending until mid‐pregnancy. Three months later, the body weight of OD animals was significantly higher than that of controls and their mammary glands displayed a precocious and abnormal development at mid‐pregnancy. OD mammary ducts were filled with dense products, while alveolar structures invaded most of the fat pad. The proportion of secretory epithelium was significantly higher in OD mammary tissue, which contained an abundant accumulation of milk proteins and lipids. In conclusion, an obesogenic diet started before puberty induced an accelerated development of the rabbit mammary gland, leading to an accumulation of secretory products at mid‐pregnancy. These results support the critical influence of nutrition on mammary growth and differentiation, which may be deleterious to mammary development and subsequent lactation. Developmental Dynamics 240:347–356, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the laminin gene family and evolution in zebrafish
Authors: Sztal Tamar , Berger Silke , Currie Peter D. , Hall Thomas E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLaminins are essential components of all basement membranes and are fundamental to tissue development and homeostasis. Humans possess at least 16 different heterotrimeric laminin complexes formed through different combinations of alpha, beta, and gamma chains. Individual chains appear to exhibit unique expression patterns, leading to the notion that overlap between expression domains governs the constitution of complexes found within particular tissues. However, the spatial and temporal expression of laminin genes has not been comprehensively analyzed in any vertebrate model to date. Here, we describe the tissue‐specific expression patterns of all laminin genes in the zebrafish, throughout embryonic development and into the “post‐juvenile” period, which is representative of the adult body form. In addition, we present phylogenetic and microsynteny analyses, which demonstrate that the majority of our zebrafish sequences are orthologous to human laminin genes. Together, these data represent a fundamental resource for the study of vertebrate laminins. Developmental Dynamics 240:422–431, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autotaxin is required for the cranial neural tube closure and establishment of the midbrain–hindbrain boundary during mouse development
Authors: Koike Seiichi , Yutoh Yoshifumi , Keino‐Masu Kazuko , Noji Sumihare , Masu Masayuki , Ohuchi Hideyo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAutotaxin (ATX) is a lysophospholipid‐generating exoenzyme expressed in embryonic and adult neural tissues. We previously showed that ATX is expressed in the neural organizing centers, anterior head process, and midbrain‐hindbrain boundary (MHB). To elucidate the role of ATX during neural development, here we examined the neural phenotypes of ATX‐deficient mice. Expression analysis of neural marker genes revealed that lateral expansion of the rostral forebrain is reduced and establishment of the MHB is compromised as early as the late headfold stage in ATX mutant embryos. Moreover, ATX mutant embryos fail to complete cranial neural tube closure. These results indicate that ATX is essential for cranial neurulation and MHB establishment. Developmental Dynamics 240:413–421, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.