bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquired progressive hypotonia in infancy: consider compressive cervical myelopathy
Authors: Verbeek INE , Vollebregt A , Halbertsma FJ , van Lindert E , Andriessen P 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis case report presents a rare cause of progressive hypotonia due to a congenital bony defect of the atlas in a 2‐month‐old girl. The patient was initially referred to the paediatric department with feeding problems. Within days after admission she developed progressive hypotonia and showed decreased reflexes of the upper extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed compressive myelopathy at the level of vertebra C1. After laminectomy of the C1‐vertebra the neurological symptoms resolved.Conclusion:  Most anomalies of the vertebras are asymptomatic. Only symptomatic anomalies with compression and neurological symptoms need surgery.
Asymptomatic critical hypoglycaemia: a dangerous presentation of glycogen storage disease type Ib in infancy
Authors: Bock Dirk E , Rupar Charles A , Prasad Chitra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe report the case of a 3‐month‐old boy who presented with a 3‐day history of respiratory tract infection and poor feeding. He was incidentally found to have profound hypoglycaemia, high‐anion‐gap lactic acidosis, ketonuria, hyperlipidemia, hepatomegaly, growth failure and neutropenia. Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib), an autosomal recessive metabolic defect of the microsomal transporter glucose‐6‐phosphate‐translocase, was suspected and confirmed by genetic testing. Treatment consisted of initial intravenous glucose and fluids to correct his lactic acidosis, followed by a strict dietary protocol consisting of soy‐based infant formula enriched with glucose polymers from cornstarch and overnight gastrostomy feeds.Conclusions:  GSD I should be considered in all young children presenting with hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis. Presence of neutropenia further confirms GSD Ib. Even critical hypoglycaemia can be clinically unapparent in affected children.
Hypotonic versus isotonic maintenance fluids in critically ill children: a multicenter prospective randomized study
Authors: Rey Corsino , Los‐Arcos Marta , Hernández Arturo , Sánchez Amelia , Díaz Juan‐José , López‐Herce Jesús 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAim:  Study the influence of hypotonic (HT) and isotonic (IT) maintenance fluids in the incidence of dysnatraemias in critically ill children.Methods:  Prospective, randomized study conducted in three paediatric intensive care units (PICU). One hundred and twenty‐five children requiring maintenance fluid therapy were included: 62 received HT fluids (50–70 mmol/L tonicity) and 63 IT fluids (156 mmol/L tonicity). Age, weight, cause of admission, sodium and fluid intake, and diuresis were collected. Blood electrolytes were measured on admission, 12 and 24 h later.Results:  Blood sodium levels at 12 h were 133.7 ± 2.7 mmol/L in HT group vs. 136.8 ± 3.5 mmol/L in IT group (p = 0.001). Adjusted for age, weight and sodium level at PICU admission, the blood sodium values of patients receiving HT fluids decrease by 3.22 mmol/L (CI: 4.29/2.15)(p = 0.000). Adjusted for age, weight and hyponatraemia incidence at admission, patients receiving HT fluids increased the risk of hyponatraemia by 5.8‐fold (CI: 2.4–14.0) during the study period (p = 0.000).Conclusions:  Hypotonic maintenance fluids increase the incidence of hyponatraemia because they decrease blood sodium levels in normonatraemic patients. IT maintenance fluids do not increase the incidence of dysnatraemias and should be considered as the standard maintenance fluids.
Elevated thyroid‐stimulating hormone level in a euthyroid neonate caused by macro thyrotropin–IgG complex
Authors: Rix Mariane , Laurberg Peter , Porzig Christina , Kristensen Søren Risom 
Published: February 2011

AbstractElevated thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) was discovered by routine neonatal screening in a newborn with no clinical symptoms. Thyroid function tests were repeated and confirmed a high TSH value but normal total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). However, the mother also had elevated serum TSH with normal levels of T4 and T3. The results suggested a transmitted maternal interfering factor, and no treatment was started while further investigation was performed. Gel filtration chromatography of serum from both the infant and the mother showed a peak TSH with molecular mass consistent with a TSH–IgG complex (macro‐TSH). TSH in the infant decreased to a normal level within 8 months in accordance with a normal rate of elimination of maternal IgG, whereas the TSH level of the mother remained high.Conclusion:  This case suggests that interfering macro‐TSH should be considered in a euthyroid neonate with elevated serum TSH and normal T4 and T3 levels to avoid unnecessary treatment.
Early‐onset pure absence epilepsy: a distinct epileptic syndrome
Authors: Verrotti Alberto , Agostinelli Sergio , Olivieri Cristina , Chiarelli Francesco , Curatolo Paolo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEarly‐onset pure absence epilepsy has not yet considered in the International League Against Epilepsy classification, but several reports have supported its existence as a distinct epileptic syndrome primarily manifesting with typical absences in early childhood. This review summarizes the current understanding on this epilepsy.Conclusions:  Early‐onset pure absence epilepsy is a distinct epilepsy characterized by absences starting from a few months to 4 years of age, normal early psychomotor development, good antiepileptic drug seizure control and normal intellectual outcome.
A rare cause of recurrent stroke in childhood: left atrial rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Serdaroglu Gul , Yilmaz Sanem , Ulger Zulal , Gökce Sule , Tekgul Hasan , Gokben Sarenur 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a case of recurrent stroke secondary to cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma. The detected prothrombotic mutations at the first attack had seemed to be the main cause, but the echocardiography performed at the recurrence revealed the actual underlying cause of stroke.Conclusion:  The aetiological investigation into childhood stroke should absolutely include echocardiography regardless of the presence of other risk factors.
Direct Esthetic Restorations Based on Translucency and Opacity of Composite Resins
Authors: VILLARROEL MILKO , FAHL NEWTON , DE SOUSA ANDREA MARIA , DE OLIVEIRA OSMIR BATISTA 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTLight dynamics is a relevant phenomenon with respect to esthetic restorations, as incorrect analysis of the optical behavior of natural dentition may lead to potential clinical failures. The nature of incident light plays a major role in determining the amount of light transmission or reflection, and how an object is perceived depends on the nature of the light source. Natural teeth demonstrate translucency, opalescence, and fluorescence, all of which must be replicated by restorative materials in order to achieve clinical success. Translucency is the intermediary between complete opacity and complete transparency, making its analysis highly subjective. In nature, the translucency of dental enamel varies from tooth to tooth, and from individual to individual. Therefore, four important factors must be considered when appraising translucency. Presence or absence of color, thickness of the enamel, degree of translucency, and surface texture are essential components when determining translucency. State‐of‐the‐art resin composites provide varying shades and opacities that deliver a more faithful reproduction of the chromaticity and translucency/opacity of enamel and dentin. This enables the attainment of individualized and customized composite restorations. The objective of this article is to provide a review of the phenomena of translucency and opacity in the natural dentition and composite resins, under the scope of optics, and to describe how to implement these concepts in the clinical setting.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEChoosing composite resins, based on optical properties alone, in order to mimic the properties of natural tooth structures, does not necessarily provide a satisfactory esthetic outcome. In many instances, failure ensues from incorrect analysis of the optical behaviors of the natural dentition as well as the improper use of restorative materials. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a technique that enables a restorative material to be utilized to its full potential to correctly replicate the natural teeth.(J Esthet Restor Dent 23:73–88, 2011)
Investigation into the durability of washed rice straw for equine bedding and the repetitive use of washing water
Authors: KUROSAWA Akira , ENDO Daisuke , IKEDA Shuhei , SUKEMORI Seizi 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe present experiment investigated durability during the repetitive use of washed rice straw, as bedding material, and washing water as a model study. Residual nitrogen levels, elasticity, and water suction rates for washed rice straw‐adhered urea were measured. In addition, outflow levels of nitrogen and mineral ions (Na+, NO2‐ + NO3‐, SO42−, PO43−, Cl‐) for washing water were measured to determine durability. Nitrogen levels of rice straw significantly (P < 0.05) decreased after two washings. There was no significant change in elasticity of repetitively used rice straw. Suction rates of rice straw after the second and third washings increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the first time. With regard to the number of washings, the mineral ion outflow level in the washing water for nitrogen, Na+, NO2‐ + NO3‐ and PO43− after each washing was not significant. However, nitrogen outflow level tended to decrease after the third washing. SO4‐ and Cl‐ did significantly decrease (P < 0.05) with the number of washings. In this study, it was considered that rice straw and washing water could be used repetitively three times. Furthermore, in order to maintain effluent standards, washing water from the first washing needs to be processed in a septic tank.
Constant transmission of mitochondrial DNA in intergeneric cloned embryos reconstructed from swamp buffalo fibroblasts and bovine ooplasm
Authors: SRIRATTANA Kanokwan , MATSUKAWA Kazutsugu , AKAGI Satoshi , TASAI Mariko , TAGAMI Takahiro , NIRASAWA Keijiro , NAGAI Takashi , KANAI Yukio , PARNPAI Rangsun , TAKEDA Kumiko 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTAlthough interspecies/intergeneric somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) has been proposed as a tool to produce offspring of endangered species, conflict between donor nucleus and recipient cytoplasm in iSCNT embryos has been identified as an impediment to implementation for agricultural production. To investigate the nuclear–mitochondrial interactions on the developmental potential of iSCNT embryos, we analyzed the mtDNA copy numbers in iSCNT embryos reconstructed with water buffalo (swamp type) fibroblasts and bovine enucleated oocytes (buffalo iSCNT). As controls, SCNT embryos were derived from bovine fibroblasts (bovine SCNT). Buffalo iSCNT and bovine SCNT embryos showed similar rates of cleavage and development to the 8‐cell stage (P > 0.05). However, buffalo iSCNT embryos did not develop beyond the 16‐cell stage. Both bovine and buffalo mtDNA content in buffalo iSCNT embryos was stable throughout the nuclear transfer process, and arrested at the 8‐ to 16‐cell stage (P > 0.05). In bovine SCNT embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, mtDNA copy number was increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both the donor cell and recipient cytoplast mtDNAs of buffalo iSCNT embryos were identified and maintained through the iSCNT process until the 8–16‐cell stage. In addition, the copy number of mtDNA per embryo was a useful monitor to investigate nuclear–mitochondrial interactions.
Evaluation of the heat‐killed and dried cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis against villous atrophy in early‐weaned mice and pigs
Authors: TSUKAHARA Takamitsu , YOSHIDA Yoko , TSUSHIMA Toshiki , WATANABE Takumi , MATSUBARA Noritaka , INOUE Ryo , USHIDA Kazunari 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTEarly weaning induces villous atrophy in the small intestine (SI) of piglets. Oral administration of live lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can improve villous shortening. In this study, we evaluated the oral administration of a heat‐killed and dried cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis (a LAB) strain EC‐12 against villous atrophy in early‐weaned mice (Experiment 1) and pigs (Experiments 2 and 3). Twelve 16‐days‐old mice were divided into two groups in Experiment 1: gavage of EC‐12 (10 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day), or control. On day 21, SI was collected. Eighteen 21‐day‐old pigs were divided into two groups in Experiment 2: gavage of EC‐12 (10 mg/kg BW/day), or control. After 10 days, the villous height of jejunum was measured. Six 21‐day‐old pigs were divided into two groups in Experiment 3: the basal diet supplemented with EC‐12 at 0.05%‐fed group, or the basal diet‐fed group. After 10 days, the villous height of jejunum was measured. The villous heights in SI were significantly higher by EC‐12 administration in all experiments. EC‐12 successfully improved the villous atrophy in the early‐weaned mice and pigs when EC‐12 was administered orally.
Oocytic expression of zona pellucida protein ZP4 in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: SERIZAWA Mami , KINOSHITA Mihoko , RODLER Daniela , TSUKADA Akira , ONO Hiroko , YOSHIMURA Takashi , KANSAKU Norio , SASANAMI Tomohiro 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe avian perivitelline layer, an extracellular matrix homologous to the zona pellucida (ZP) of mammalian oocytes, is composed mainly by zona pellucida gene family glycoproteins. Our previous studies in Japanese quail have demonstrated that the matrix's components, ZP3 and ZPD, are synthesized in ovarian granulosa cells. Another component, ZP1, is synthesized in the liver. Recently, we demonstrated that another minor constituent, ZP2 is produced in the oocytes of the immature follicles. In the present study, we report the isolation of complementary DNA encoding quail ZP4 and its expression and origin in the female birds. By ribonuclease protection assay and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that ZP4 transcripts were transcribed in the oocytes of small white follicles. The expression level of ZP4 decreased dramatically during follicular development, and the highest expression was observed in the small white follicles. Western blot analysis using the specific antibody against ZP4 indicated that the immunoreactive 58.2 kDa protein was present in the lysates of the small white follicles. These results demonstrate for the first time that the avian ZP4 is expressed in the oocyte, and that the expression pattern of the gene is similar to that of ZP2.
Contribution of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α to transcriptional regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in bovine developing luteal cells
Authors: ZHANG Zhenghong , YIN Dingzhong , WANG Zhengchao 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐dependent angiogenesis is crucial for corpus leteum formation and their functional maintenance in mammalian ovaries. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α‐mediated transcriptional activation contributes to the increased expression of VEGF gene in response to hypoxia in the bovine developing luteal cells (LCs). By real‐time RT‐PCR analysis, VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was found to significantly increase under hypoxia or treatment with desferrioxamine (DFX), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) or even N‐carbobenzoxyl‐L‐leucinyl‐L‐leucinyl‐L‐norvalinal (MG‐132), while these increased VEGF mRNA expressions could also be blocked by ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) or cis‐element oligodeoxynucleotide (dsODN) transfection under hypoxia. Further analysis also found that these changes of VEGF mRNA were consistent with HIF‐1α expression or HIF‐1 activity. Taken together, our results indicate that VEGF is transcriptionally activated by hypoxia through HIF‐1α‐mediated mechanisms in LCs. This hypoxia‐induced transcriptional activation may be one of the important mechanisms mediating the increase of VEGF expression in developing LCs during mammalian corpus leteum formation.
Changes in oxidative status in periparturient dairy cows in hot conditions
Authors: TANAKA Masahito , KAMIYA Yuko , SUZUKI Tomoyuki , NAKAI Yutaka 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigated the changes in the plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers in periparturient dairy cows in hot conditions. This study was performed on 10 cows from day −5 to day 10 after parturition. The experimental duration was divided into three periods: period 1 (5 days before parturition); period 2 (5 days after parturition); and period 3 (from day 6 to day 10 after parturition). The average rectal temperature in the cows during the experimental period was more than 39°C. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase activities in periods 2 and 3 were higher than that in period 1 (P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen concentration in period 3 was lower than those in periods 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). The total ascorbic acid concentration in the plasma in period 2 was greater than those in periods 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations in periods 2 and 3 were greater than that in period 1 (P < 0.05). TBARS concentration was positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase activity (P < 0.05). These results suggested that oxidative stress increased in cows after parturition under hot climatic conditions.
Probing the reactivity of different forms of azurin by flavin photoreduction
Authors: Alagaratnam Sharmini , Meeuwenoord Nico J. , Navarro José A. , Hervás Manuel , De la Rosa Miguel A. , Hoffmann Maren , Einsle Oliver , Ubbink Marcellus , Canters Gerard W. 
Published: February 2011

The reactivity of a variant of the blue copper protein, azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was investigated with laser flash photolysis and compared with the reactivity of the wild‐type (WT) protein. The variant was obtained by changing the Cu ligating His117 for a glycine. The mutation creates a gap in the ligand shell of the Cu that can be filled with external ligands or water molecules. The crystal structure of the H117G variant is reported. It shows that the immediate surrounding of the Cu site in the variant exhibits less rigidity than in the WT protein and that the loop containing the Cu ligands Cys112, His117 and Met121 in the WT protein has gained flexibility in the H117G variant. Flash photolysis experiments were performed with 5‐deazariboflavin and 8α‐imidazolyl‐(N‐propylyl)‐amino riboflavin as electron donors to probe the reactivity of WT and H117G azurin, and of H117G azurin for which the gap in the Cu co‐ordination shell was filled with imidazole. 8α‐Imidazolyl‐(N‐propylyl)‐amino riboflavin appears one to two orders less efficient as a photo‐flash reductant than 5‐deazariboflavin. The reactivity of the H117G variant in the absence of external ligands appears to be 2.5‐fold lower than the WT reactivity (second‐order rate constants of 51 ± 2 × 107 m−1·s−1 versus 21 ± 1 × 107 m−1·s−1), whereas the addition of imidazole restores reactivity to above the WT level (71 ± 4 × 107 m−1·s−1). The differences are discussed in terms of structural modifications and changes in reorganizational energy and electronic coupling.Database
Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 3N2J.Structured digital abstract
Azurin binds to Azurin by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
Update in Testosterone Therapy for Men (CME)
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Rastrelli Giulia , Forti Gianni , Maggi Mario 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Male hypogonadism is a condition characterized by inadequate testicular production of sex steroids and sperms; however, the term is more commonly used to identify testosterone (T) deficiency. When fertility is not desired, T replacement therapy (TRT) is the gold standard.

Aim
To review the pathogenesis of male hypogonadism and the available preparations for TRT, along with the main clinical outcomes.

Methods
A systematic search of published evidence was performed using Medline (1969 to September 2010). Data from a consecutive series of subjects attending our Andrology Unit were also provided to stress the clinical correlates of low T. Inventories available for detecting hypogonadism (including ANDROTEST) were overviewed.

Main Outcome Measures
The most important studies regarding the pathogenesis of male hypogonadism and the preparations for its treatment were reviewed. To review TRT outcomes, only meta-analytic studies were considered.

Results
The goals of TRT are to alleviate clinical symptoms and to restore serum T levels to the mid-normal range, without significant side effects or safety concerns. Different T formulations have been approved. TRT is associated with a reduction of fat mass, an increase of lean mass, and a possible positive effect on lipid profile and glycometabolic control. Bone density and depressive symptoms are improved by TRT, while effects on cardiovascular risk and frailty are more controversial. No increase of prostate cancer and prostate-related problems has been reported so far. TRT, alone or in combination with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, is considered the first-line therapy in hypogonadal subjects with erectile dysfunction.

Conclusions
T deficiency is highly prevalent in the aging male and represents a sign of physical and sexual frailty. The significance of low T in elderly men has yet to be completely clarified. Large, prospective intervention trials will help solve this dilemma.
Antibiotic Patterns with Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Insertion
Authors: Wosnitzer Matthew S. , Greenfield Jason M. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A clear set of guidelines has not been defined in the use of antibiotics in penile prosthesis implantation.

Aim
We surveyed urologists throughout the United States to determine current practice patterns regarding antibiotic use in primary and revision penile prosthesis surgery.

Methods
Fifty-two Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMS) member urologist and 164 non-SMS member urologist responses were obtained.

Main Outcome Measures
The survey contained 10 questions regarding antibiotic selection for primary and revision inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation.

Results
One hundred percent of responders in both groups utilize intraoperative antibiotics, most commonly vancomycin and gentamicin in both groups. Of SMS members, 94% prescribed postoperative home oral antibiotics in contrast to 88% of non-SMS members (P =0.3). Among SMS members, the most common antibiotic prescribed postoperatively was levofloxacin 500 mg daily while among non-SMS members, the most common antibiotic postoperatively was cephalexin 500 mg 2–4 times daily. Of SMS members, antibiotic irrigation intraoperatively occurred with 100% and with 92% of non-SMS members (P =0.04). Thirty-seven percent SMS physicians and 15% non-SMS physicians made modifications of intraoperative and postoperative antibiotics for high-risk patients (P =0.001). In the circumstance of revision of a clinically noninfected IPP, 23% SMS and 16% non-SMS member physicians utilized additional antibiotics/treatment (P =0.3). Sixteen of those surveyed admitted that they had been approached by their institution about their antibiotic use and asked to change. In the past 5 years, 29% surveyed have changed their practice patterns in antibiotic use.

Conclusions
There is significant difference between practice patterns of SMS and non-SMS urologists in terms of antibiotic irrigation usage, modifications for high-risk patients, and consensus about the importance of antibiotic use with Coloplast Titan implant (Coloplast, Minneapolis, MN, USA). A significant lack of uniformity exists among urologists performing prosthetic surgery with regard to antibiotic protocols. A standard set of guidelines may prove useful to implanters.