bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral choroidal melanoma a patient with bilateral melanocytosis
Authors: SALA‐PUIGDOLLERS A , GARCIA‐ALVAREZ C , CARRENO E , PORTERO A , SAORNIL MA , LOPEZ‐LARA F , FRUTOS‐BARAJA J , DIEZHANDINO P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Ocular melanocytosis, is a congenital condition characterized by hyperpigmentation of the episclera and uvea.. There is a clear association between this condition and uveal melanoma in Caucasian populations. We report a case of a patient affect of bilateral ocular malanocytosis whom has recently been diagnosticated of bilateral choroidal melanoma. Methods Interventional Case report Results A 65‐years‐old man affected of bilateral ocular melanocytosis diagnosed of bilateral choroidal melanoma without systemic affection. In his right eye presented a melanotic choroidal mass with orange‐pigment in the surface measuring 10,63 mm in basal diameter and 3,74 mm in height. In the left eye, there was another melanotic choroidal mass with subretinal hemorrhage measuring 12,69 x 8,7 mm. The left eye was treated with (125)I brachytherapy. Conclusion Despite the fact that the uveal melanoma is the most frequent intraocular tumour, a bilateral choroidal melanoma is very uncommon. A few clinical conditions can predispose to or be associated with uveal melanoma, including ocular melanocytosis and oculodermal melanocytosis, neurofibromatosis type I, and familial atypical mole and melanoma syndrome. Patients with ocular melanocytosis and oculodermal melanocytosis sometimes do not have adequate follow‐up, which results in late diagnosis.
Giant orbital retinoblastoma: a case report
Authors: HADJISTILIANOU T , DE FRANCESCO S , BORRI M , MENICACCI F , GALLUZZI P , TOTI P , MENICACCI FL 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The authors report a case of giant orbital Retinoblastoma following primary enucleation for intraocular tumor. The presence of worms was documented inside the necrotic tumoral mass. Methods The child was diagnosed with unilateral advanced retinoblastoma at the age of one month and enucleated. Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy had no been performed. 3 months later a mass started growing in the anophthalmic socket and when the child arrived to our referral center the mass was as big as the child’s head. Complete excision of the mass and exenteration have been performed and the presence of worms has been documented in the necrotic part of tumor. Diagnostic workup included computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) of the head and orbit, bone scintigraphy, lumbar puncture with cell count and examination of the cytocentrifugate and bone marrow aspiration. Results The child died 6 months after. Conclusion We describe an extraordinary case of a giant orbital Retinoblastoma following enucleation.
Transconjunctival sutureless 20G
Authors: POURNARAS CJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate a trocar system that allows the use of the regular 20‐gauge vitrectomy instruments for a transconjunctival sutureless surgery for the treatment of various surgically treated vitreo‐retinal pathologies. Methods The 20‐gauge trocar system uses a 10° self‐sealing tunneled incision made with trocars introduced with a inserter blade of 0.9 mm diameter. Incisions are radially made at 3.5 mm from the limbus and tunnels are made limbus‐parallel. Evaluation of the surgical procedure, sclerotomies closure by OCT, anatomical and visual outcomes in various vitreoretinal pathologies treated in current vitreoretinal practice. Results Postoperative patient comfort and less eye inflammation are provided by the sutureless technique, allthough small conjunctival hemorrhage caused by the grasping forceps used to hold the eye during the insertion of the trocars may occur. The 20‐gauge trocar system using 10° self‐sealing tunneled incision remains very stable in the eye even during peripheral vitrectomy with indentation and they also decrease the surgical induced trauma at the entry sites. The use of nonflexible instruments, the same as in 20‐gauge conventional vitrectomy, provides easy access to the entire periphery.thus the system can be used in almost all vitreoretinal surgeries. It allows the use of phragmatome and is easy to work even with 5,000 centistokes silicone oil. Conclusion In the era of sutureless surgeries, the 20‐gauge trocar system is a safe, comfortable, convinient with current instrumentation and less expensive alternative to 25‐ and 23‐gauge vitrectomy.
Neural contrast sensitivity calculated from measured total contrast sensitivity and modulation transfer function
Authors: MICHAEL R , GUEVARA O , BARRAQUER RI 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To test the feasibility of calculating neural contrast sensitivity function (neural CSF) from conventionally measured total contrast sensitivity function (total CSF) and measured modulation transfer function (MTF). Neural CSF considers the retina and the brain, whereas total CSF considers the optical eye media, the retina and the brain together. Methods Three groups with 9 eyes each, one group with normal ocular optics but with retinal alterations (mild diabetic retinopathy), another with altered ocular optics and normal retina (keratoconus) and a normal control group were studied. Results Total CSF in the keratoconus and retinopathy group was significantly lower as compared with the control group. MTF for keratoconus was lower and in the retinopathy group was similar to the control group. Calculated neural CSF in the diabetes mellitus group was lower than in the control group whereas in the keratoconus group it was similar to the control group, with overestimations for some keratoconus cases. Conclusion It is possible to calculate a meaningful neural CSF from measured total CSF and MTF data. The neural CSF represents a CSF adjusted for optical aberrations. This would allow comparing the neural component of visual function in eyes with different optical aberrations.
Patterns of vision loss predisposing to charles bonnet illusions
Authors: KRASTEL H , GOLUBKINA L , BEUTELSPACHER SC , JONAS JB , KOLLING G , FRISCH I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To find out criteria of visual impairment predisposing to Charles Bonnet illusions (CBI) Methods In a retrospective study, exemplary cases of retinal, optic nerve, and visual pathway diseases are analyzed for common criteria likely to predispose for CBI experienced by these patients. Results AMD: OD disciform macular scar ; OS exudative macuolpathy, recent hemorrhage. Wallpaper‐ and landscape‐ like illusions Serpiginous choroidopathy: OU atrophic lesions extending from the peripapillary region into the macula. Flower‐bed illusions Retinitis pigmentosa: widespread involvement of retinal midperiphery OU. Transitory illusions of human beings and furniture Ethambutole ‐ opticopathy: Central scotoma OU, VA FC. Illusions of coloured diamonds History of recurrent TIA episodes: normal visual field OU; transitory illusions of coloured and moving lanterns Right parietal ischemic focus: Lower left quadrantanopia OU. Distorted and alienated objects Bilateral carotid stenosis, left vertrebralis hypoplasia, bilateral ischemic occipital foci: Cortical blindness and Anton’s syndrome. The patient reports on skimming through an illustrated book. Conclusion CBI’s arise if severe failures in photoreception or signal conduction affect congruent areas within both visual fields. Out of these regions, no visual information from the outside world comes to conscience. CBI’s tend to fill in binocular deep scotomas. These filing‐ins are not specific to particular diseases or distinct regions of the optic pathways. They are cerebral substitutes for real vision, coming from visual memory.
Tissue adhesives in corneal lesions
Authors: PAPADOPOULOU DN , MANGIORIS G , KALPATSANIDIS A , KARAMPATAKIS V 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of fibrin and cyanoacrylate glues in corneal wounds. Methods Eight albino rabbits were used (16 eyes) for the comparison of different types of adhesions. After the creation of corneal wounds, the fibrin glue (Beriplast) was used in the right eyes of the rabbits, while the cyanoacrylate glue (Gluebran) was applied in the left eyes. Follow up examinations, under the microscope, were performed in 1, 3 and 10 months, for the evaluation of the wound and the surrounding corneal tissue. Results The cyanocrylate glue was polymerized almost immediately after the application on the tissue, thus deteriorating the ability of the surgeon to reconstruct the wound appropriately. Neovascularization and clouding of the corneal tissue around the wound was present in all the follow up examinations. The fibrin glue was polymerized more gradually giving to the surgeon enough time for manipulations to reconstruct the wound properly. Less neovascularization and clouding were observed especially if the two components of the fibrin glue were mixed before the application on the wound. Both glues were easier to manipulate and apply in cases of corneal tunnels so as to seal the entrance of the tunnel with very satisfactory results. Conclusion The use of the fibrin glue for the reconstruction of corneal wounds is easier than the use of the cyanoacrylate glue, with less tissue reaction postoperatively.
The clinical spectrum of corneal dystrophies
Authors: KESTELYN P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To review the most common corneal dystrophies from the clinician's standpoint. Methods A systematic overview of the natural history and the clinical characteristics of the most common corneal dystrophies will be presented following the anatomic classification: epithelial and anterior stromal dystrophies, stromal dystrophies, and Descemet and endothelial dystrophies. Abundant use of slitlamp images will help to illustrate the most salient clinical features. Conclusion Despite the fact that the knowledge about the genetic mutations responsible for the different corneal dystrophies has led to a better understanding of their basic defect and to molecular tests for their precise diagnosis, in most patients the careful examination at the slitlamp combined with personal and family history will remain the cornerstone for diagnosis, counseling and treatment.
Cataract frequency and light scattering profiles in retired members of light protected communities ‐ The Irish Nun Eye Study (INES)
Authors: WEGENER AR , SILVESTRI V , HEYMER P , MOORE E , SMYTH P , SLINEY D , SILVESTRI G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Investigation of cataract frequencies, yellow discoloration and light scattering profiles in the lenses of a subset of nuns from the Irish Nun Eye Study (INES) correlated to age and outdoor activity. Methods After obtaining informed consent, the anterior eye segment of 144 retired nuns from contemplative and missionary convents in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland were monitored with a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam HR®, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). Images of the cornea and lens were recorded automatically in 25 meridians in mydriasis, using the recording algorithm of the camera. In addition retro‐images of the lenses were recorded using the Neitz Cataract screener and lens discoloration was recorded using a manual slitlamp and the LOCS III grading system. Image analysis was performed using special analytical software (BIOM®) and cataract classification was done using the Bonn cataract classification system. Results Age‐related light scattering increase is most pronounced in the anterior deep cortex and the anterior nuclear shell of the lenses and is generally lowest in the posterior nuclear shell. Cortical cataracts were the most frequent type in this study, the highest frequency found in the lower nasal quadrant followed by the lower temporal quadrant. Pure subcapsular cataracts have not been found in this study. The increase in yellow discoloration correlated to the increase in nuclear light scattering. Nuns with cortical cataracts had less discoloration, but were also younger. Conclusion The frequency of nuclear cataracts was lower in the INES cohort was lower, but the amount of cortical cataracts was similar to other studies like Beaver Dam Eye Study. The increases in nuclear light scattering and discoloration correlated with age and exposure index. The data from the INES study support the hypothesis that light protection has a positive effect on the frequencies of nuclear and subcapsular cataracts as well as on lens discoloration. The Pentacam HR® provided better documentation of lens transmission characteristics than the Neitz cataract scanner.
Proliferation of cultured lens epithelial cells and association with possible risk factors for posterior capsular opacification
Authors: ZETTERBERG M , PETERSEN A , KARLSSON JO , SUNDELIN K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine the proliferative capacity of human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) in culture and investigate possible associations with clinical characteristics of the donors, such as age, gender, pseudoexfoliations, uveitis and diabetes. Methods Pieces of lens capsule and adhering lens epithelial cells were obtained through capsulorhexis at routine cataract surgery using phacoemulsification technique, with informed consent from the patients. These human lens epithelium specimens were cultured in a humidified CO2 incubator using standard culture medium and 5% fetal calf serum for two weeks. After one and two weeks respectively, cultured cells were stained with carboxy‐fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA SE), after which image processing software was used to determine the area of the confluent epithelial cell layer in relation to the size of the original capsule specimen. Results The increase in the area of confluent HLEC showed a negative correlation with age at the second week of growth and with diabetes at the first week after surgery. Female gender was associated with higher rate of cell proliferation when considering the whole culture period. The presence of pseudoexfoliations in vivo or a history of uveitis did not significantly affect cell growth in culture postoperatively. Nor did installation of xylocain, trypan blue or phenylephrine in the anterior chamber during surgery affect cell proliferation. Conclusion High age, male gender and diabetes are associated with lower rate of proliferation of lens epithelial cells in culture and may hence be protective against posterior capsular opacification.
Sigma‐2 receptor agonists kill lens epithelial cells
Authors: KARLSSON JO , JONHEDE S , PETERSEN A , ZETTERBERG M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the sigma‐2 receptor agonist, siramesine, on morphology, growth, cell death, lysosomal function, and effects on extra‐lysosomal proteolytic systems in human lens epithelial cells. In addition we compared the effects to that obtained in other human cells in primary culture. Methods Human lens epithelial cells in culture were exposed to siramesine and examined for morphological changes using Nomarski optics or calcein. Lysosomes were evaluated using acridine orange and Magic Red (RR‐cresyl violet). Nuclear morphology was studied using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Enzymatic activities in living cells or cell lysates were studied using fluorogenic substrates. Results Siramesine at low concentrations increased the cytoplasmic proteolytic activity of the proteasome and the calpain system. Effects were also observed with respect to lysosomal morphology, acidity and function. In addition, activation of caspase‐3 and the appearance of nuclei with an apoptotic morphology was found. Lens epithelial cells appeared to be more sensitive to siramesine than other cells. Conclusion Siramesine at low concentrations affects lens epithelial cells with perturbations of the major proteolytic systems and lysosomal morphology, resulting in caspase activation and cell death. Siramesine may be a possible substance for the treatment or prevention of posterior capsular opacification (PCO).
Postoperative wavefront analysis and contrast sensitivity of the multifocal RestorTM IOL versus the AcrylisaTM IOL
Authors: GICQUEL JJ , NOCHEZ Y , PISELLA PJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare visual acuity, total and high order wavefront aberrations (coma, spherical aberration, and other terms of high order aberration), and contrast sensitivity in eyes implanted with the multifocal Restore IOL versus the multifocal Acrylisa IOL. Methods Patients were divided in two groups: group 1 (8 patients, 16 eyes implanted with Restor) and group 2 (15 patients / 30 eyes implanted with Acrylisa). All eyes were targeted for emmetropia. Complete ophthalmological examination, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was performed. Contrast sensitivity evaluation,and wavefront analysis, were performed with the Imagine Eyes IRX3 wavefront aberrometer. Measurements with the IRX3 were performed in triplicate in order to verify the robustness of the data. Results All eyes in all groups had BSCVA > or = 20/20 postoperatively. Measurements with the IRX3 were easily obtained. The triplicate measurements confirmed the robustness of the data. Mean total aberration root‐mean‐square (RMS) values and higher order aberrations (HOA) value were not significantly different between the two groups. Residual spherical aberration values were comparable in both groups and appeared inferior if to the ones previously obtained with non aspheric standard monofocal IOLs. Mean contrast sensitivity values were comparable in both groups. Conclusion The measurement of higher order aberrations in patients implanted with multifocal IOLs is easy and reproducible with the IRX3. There is no statistical difference between the values obtained in the 2 groups regarding RMS and HOA. Contrast sensitivity revealed similar values in both groups.
Objective measurement of the accommodative amplitude after implantation of the CrystalensTM intraocular lens (IOL)
Authors: GICQUEL JJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate and compare the quality of vision and accommodative amplitude after implantation of the Crystalens AT45 intraocular lens (IOL) versus standard monofocal IOLs. Methods Sixteen patients (32 eyes) were divided into 2 groups depending on which IOL was implanted. Accommodation was measured using the IRX3 wavefront aberrometer and vision quality evaluated by the OQAS system. Visual acuity measurements were performed under the same conditions with standard visual acuity charts. Results Uncorrected monocular near vision was significantly better in the accommodative IOL group than in the standard monofocal group. Measures of accommodation were higher in Crystalens patients than in the monofocal IOL patients, however the accommodation amplitude remained limited. There was no significant difference in the quality of vision measurements with OQAS in both groups. Conclusion The AT 45 IOL provided better uncorrected near and distance visual outcomes than standard monofocal IOLs. However the objectively measured accommodative response was limited.
Posterior chamber iris‐claw lens combined with vitrectomy: surgical technique and refractive analysis
Authors: PARIKAKIS E , MOUSTAKA L , AMARIOTAKIS G , KARAGIANNIS D , HALKIADAKIS S , METAXAKI I , MITROPOULOS P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To present a new surgical technique of vitrectomy and implantation of posterior chamber iris‐supported IOL and to evaluate the safety in eyes with inadequate zonular support and lens dislocation. Also, to study the refractive result and select the proper A constant ‐ formula for IOL power calculation. Methods 27 eyes (23 patients) having IOL‐capsule vitreous dislocation were included. Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma was present in 11 cases. The procedure involved pars plana vitrectomy, extraction of the dislocated IOL‐capsule, Artisan–Verysise IOL insertion in the posterior chamber and iris enclavation without peripheral iridectomy. Measurements were performed by IOL Master and scanning endothelial microscope. The refractive outcome and any complications were evaluated. Results The follow‐up period was 8‐24 months. Improvement in visual acuity was found in all 27 eyes. Postoperative refractive errors were within 1,5 D and the induced astigmatism was within 2 D. Complications such as retinal detachment,keratopathy, visual instabilities, or glaucoma progression were not found. The IOL was slightly eccentric in 4 cases. In 2 eyes single haptic subluxation was noticed and was relocated with second procedure. Temporary cystoid macular edema was observed in 4 eyes. Conclusion The management of cases having serious pseudoexfoliation and IOL dislocation with vitrectomy and posterior chamber iris‐claw IOL implantation seems to provide a safe alternative method with favorable outcome and satisfactory anatomic restoration combined with anterior segment protection. The power of Artisan–Verysise should be calculated with a new A constant (116,7–116,8), depending on the applied formula.
Dacryoliths in the lacrimal gland ductule
Authors: LOEFFLER KU , ALTEN F , HOLZ FG 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Lacrimal duct obstruction can occasionally be associated with dacryolithiasis. Dacryoliths (DLs) have been found in the nasolacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, canaliculi, and rarely in the lacrimal gland ductules. Here, we would like to present the clinical, intra‐operative, and histologic findings in 4 cases of DLs in the lateral fornix Methods All 4 patients were examined by slit lamp microscopy, and ultrasound (US) was performed in 3 patients; 1 patient underwent Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Following surgery, the excised tissue and concretions were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Ophthalmopathologic examination included routine staining with H&E and PAS as well as stains for microorganisms. Results All patients presented with a short duration of symptoms with only little pain. Lesions were located at the lateral canthus and appeared slightly hyperemic and to a varying degree cystic. US showed hypo‐ and hyperreflective signals but did not demonstrate any concretions. The DLs were found intraoperatively during removal of the "tumour". Macroscopic characteristics varied between small multiple round whitish–yellow concretions of hard consistency (0.7mm in diameter) and bigger more irregular stones (up to 7mm). Histology revealed amorphous acellular material without any evidence of microorganisms. In one patient, a cilium was found. All symptoms resolved quickly after removal of the DLs. Conclusion DLs of the lacrimal system can – albeit rarely – form in the excretory duct of the lacrimal gland. Possible agents responsible for stone formation in the lacrimal gland ductule include cilia and – less likely ‐ bacteria. Both US and MRI appear ineffective in reliably identifiying dacryoliths at this site but surgical intervention leads to rapid relief of all symptoms.