bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental effect of apoptosis of lymphocytes at an early time point of experimental abdominal sepsis
Authors: Atmatzidis Stefanos , Koutelidakis Ioannis M , Chatzimavroudis Grigorios , Kotsaki Antigone , Louis Konstantinos , Pistiki Aikaterini , Savva Athina , Antonopoulou Anastasia , Atmatzidis Konstantinos , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Apoptosis of lymphocytes is considered a late sequelum in the sepsis cascade. The role of apoptosis of lymphocytes as a driver of final outcome was investigated.

Methods
Abdominal sepsis was induced after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in 31 rabbits. Blood was sampled at serial time intervals and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and monocytes was measured through flow cytometric analysis. PBMCs were stimulated with LPS and Pam3Cys for the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Tissue bacterial growth was quantitatively measured. In a second set of experiments, CLP was performed in another 40 rabbits; 20 received single intravenous infusions of ciprofloxacin and of metronidazole 4 hours after surgery.

Results
Animals were divided into two groups based on the percentage of lymphocyte apoptosis at 4 hours after surgery; less than or equal to 32% and more than 32%. Survival of the former was shorter than the latter (p: 0.017). Tissue growth was similar between groups. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and of monocytes was lower in the former group over follow-up. Release of ΤNFα did not differ. The above findings on survival were repeated in the second set of experiments. Administration of antimicrobials prolonged survival of the former group (p: 0.039) but not of the latter group (pNS).

Conclusions
Lymphocyte apoptosis at an early time point of experimental peritonitis is a major driver for death. A lower percentage of apoptosis leads earlier to death. Antimicrobials were beneficial even at that disease state.
Primary human monocyte differentiation regulated by Nigella sativa pressed oil
Authors: Mat Mahaya C , Mohamed Azman S , Hamid Shahrul S 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Oxidized low density lipoprotein plays an important role in development of foam cells in atherosclerosis. The study was focused on regulation of primary human monocyte growth and CD11b expression in presence of Nigella sativa oil.

Methods
Primary human monocytes were isolated from whole blood and grown at 37°C and 5% CO2 saturation for five days prior to treatment with Nigella sativa oil. The cells were plated and washed before treatment with ox-LDL (10 μg/ml) as positive control and combined treatment of ox-LDL (10 μg/ml) and (140 ng/ml) Nigella sativa oil. The growth progression was monitored every 24 hours for 3 days.

Results
Macrophages showed reduced growth in comparison to monocytes 24 hours after treatment with Nigella sativa o il. The mean cell diameter was significantly different between untreated and treated condition in monocytes and macrophages (p < 0.001). Similarly, intracellular lipid accumulation was hindered in combined treatment with Nigella sativa oil. This was further supported by cell surface expression analysis, where CD11b was markedly reduced in cells treated with combination oxLDL and Nigella sativa oil compared to oxLDL alone. More cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells when monocytes were supplemented with oxidized LDL alone.

Conclusions
The finding provides preliminary evidence on regulation of cell growth and differentiation in monocyte and monocyte-derived macrophages by Nigella sativa oil. Further investigations need to be conducted to explain its mechanism in human monocyte.
Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Chen Hao-tai , Zhang Jie , Liu Yong-sheng , Liu Xiang-tao 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA. The amplification was able to finish in 45 min under isothermal condition at 64°C by employing a set of four primers targeting FMDV 2B. The assay showed higher sensitivity than RT-PCR. No cross reactivity was observed from other RNA viruses including classical swine fever virus, swine vesicular disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Japanese encephalitis virus. Furthermore, the assay correctly detected 84 FMDV positive samples but not 65 FMDV negative specimens. The result indicated the potential usefulness of the technique as a simple and rapid procedure for the detection of FMDV infection.
The impact of dose of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan on the post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cho Young-Rak , Kim Young-Dae , Park Tae-Ho , Park Kyungil , Park Jong-Sung , Baek Heekyung , Choi Sun-Young , Kim Kee-Sik , Hong Taek-Jong , Yang Tae-Hyun , Hwang Jin-Yong , Park Jong-Seon , Hur Seung-Ho , Lee Sang-Gon 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Background
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan ameliorate ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Based on previous clinical trials, a maximum clinical dose is recommended in practical guidelines. Yet, has not been clearly demonstrated whether the recommended dose is more efficacious compared to the lower dose that is commonly used in clinical practice.

Method/Design
Valsartan in post-MI remodeling (VALID) is a randomized, open-label, single-blinded multicenter study designed to compare the efficacy of different clinical dose of valsartan on the post-MI ventricular remodeling. This study also aims to assess neurohormone change and clinical parameters of patients during the post-infarct period. A total of 1116 patients with left ventricular dysfunction following the first episode of acute ST-elevation MI are to be enrolled and randomized to a maximal tolerable dose (up to 320 mg/day) or usual dose (80 mg/day) of valsartan for 12 months in 2:1 ratio. Echocardiographic analysis for quantifying post-MI ventricular remodeling is to be conducted in central core laboratory. Clinical assessment and laboratory test are performed at fixed times.

Discussion
VALID is a multicenter collaborative study to evaluate the impact of dose of valsartan on the post-MI ventricular remodeling. The results of the study provide information about optimal dosing of the drug in the management of patients after MI. The results will be available by 2012.

Trial registration

NCT01340326
Spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor gene status in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Ogata Makoto , Shimizu Toshiki , Yokoi Takashi , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Introduction
To date, an epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutation is recognized as a genetic hallmark that predicts a good response to treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, there has been less long-term observation of the mutational status within the same patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report which illustrates the instability of the genetic status of pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old Japanese woman with advanced lung adenocarcinoma had been undergoing various anticancer treatments, including epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for seven years. She had been receiving locoregional treatment in addition to systemic treatment. She maintained a good performance status until seven years after the initial diagnosis, although she had local and distant recurrences. We analyzed the genetic status of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in a series of specimens obtained from various tumor-containing lesions throughout the therapeutic period. The results of the genetic analyses clearly showed that the spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene status originated from an identical tumor ancestor.

Conclusions
An alternative paradigm to determine a therapeutic strategy for a patient with lung cancer should be considered given the genetic heterogeneity and instability of tumor cells.
What is the Threshold of Teachers' Recognition and Report of Concerns About Anxiety and Depression in Students? An Exploratory Study With Teachers of Adolescents in Regional Australia
Authors: Trudgen Michelle , Lawn Sharon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Anxiety and depression in adolescence is prevalent but often unrecognised and untreated. This can lead to serious disorders in later life. This study explored how teachers recognise anxiety and depression in secondary school students and act on their concerns.Method:Twenty teachers from four secondary colleges in regional Victoria, Australia were interviewed regarding their experiences. In-depth interviews were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis in order to understand how teachers respond to this issue.Results:Teachers' recognition of mental health problems in students and the threshold for reporting their concerns was subjective and not based on any formal knowledge of how to identify anxiety or depression risk factors in students. Years of teaching experience was not associated with increased knowledge of mental health problems in students. Time pressures and lack of resources in student wellbeing teams were barriers to teachers reporting their concerns about students.Conclusion:Education bodies and teaching universities responsible for training teachers and providing ongoing professional learning need to ensure that mental health training is part of every teacher's core skill set, so that teachers can confidently promote mental wellbeing, identify emerging mental health problems, know how to facilitate access to more specialist intervention where required and contribute effectively to follow-up support.
Complexity inDioryctria zimmermaniSpecies Group: Incongruence between Species Limits and Molecular Diversity
Authors: Roe Amanda D , Miller Daniel R , Weller Susan J 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDioryctria (Zeller 1846) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) moths, commonly known as coneworms, are a group of important coniferous pests. Interspecific overlap of molecular, morphological, and behavioral traits has made identification and delimitation of these species problematic, impeding their management and control. In particular, delimitation of members of the Dioryctria zimmermani species group, a diverse group of Nearctic species, is notoriously difficult. To clarify the species boundaries in this species group we examined two independent molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase I and II and elongation factor 1α), larval host plant association, geographic distribution, and pheromone attraction in an integrated taxonomic framework. Congruence between these diagnostic traits and established species limits in the zimmermani group was variable. Some species showed well-supported congruence between established taxonomic limits and mitochondrial DNA gene tree topology, whereas other species showed little phylogenetic resolution, little correspondence with diagnostic traits, and incongruence with previously described species limits. Gene tree-species tree discordance may be caused by several evolutionary processes, such as imperfect taxonomy, incomplete lineage sorting, or introgression. Additional information, such as highly variable molecular markers, morphometrics, and larval host information, is needed to effectively evaluate and differentiate among these alternative hypotheses and fully resolve the species limits among D. zimmermani species group members.
Field Introgression ofDiabrotica barberiandDiabrotica longicornis(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Based on Genetic and Morphological Characters
Authors: Campbell Laura A , Clark Thomas L , Clark Pete L , Meinke Lance J , Foster John E 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDiabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence and Diabrotica longicornis (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are considered to be sister species, and it has been proposed that the two species may hybridize under field conditions. The objective of this study was to examine genetic and morphological characters of D. barberi and D. longicornis for evidence of field introgression. Both species were collected from sympatric and allopatric areas. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms and morphological characters (color and head capsule width) were used to examine variation within and among populations of D. barberi and D. longicornis. Relatively little of the overall genetic variation was explained by the putative species designation, and most of the genetic variation, both between and within species, was found within populations. In addition, genetic differences were not correlated with geographic location. Beetle color did differ significantly between putative species, with the darkest individuals occurring at the most distal portions of the ranges. Head capsule width varied significantly among populations, but not among species. Both genetic and morphological data support the hypothesis that introgression is occurring between species in the area of sympatry.
Parasinea, a New Genus of Assassin Bug, with Description of a New Species from Colombia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: McPherson J E , Ahmad I 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We here erect a new genus, Parasinea, to accommodate the type species, P. colombiensis, n. sp. and P. coronata (Stål), currently placed in Sinea. This genus is closely related to Sinea but can be distinguished easily by the spoon-shaped pygophore and the highly reduced parameres. Males of P. colombiensis can be distinguished from those of P. coronata by differences in the abdominal shape and genitalia (the female of P. colombiensis is unknown). Illustrations of the male genitalia, photographs of the dorsal habitus of both species, and distributional records of the two species are provided.
Vitronectin in host pathogen interactions and antimicrobial therapeutic applications
Authors: Singh Birendra , Su Yu-Ching , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Vitronectin (Vn) is a multifunctional glycoprotein profusely present in serum and bound to epithelial cell surfaces. It plays an important role in cell migration, tissue repair and regulation of membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. In the last decade the role of Vn has been extensively investigated in eukaryotic signalling and cell migration leading to the possibility of developing novel anticancer drugs. In parallel, several studies have suggested that pathogens utilize Vn in invasion of the host. Here we review the properties of Vn and its role in host-pathogen interactions that might be a future target for therapeutic intervention.
Electrophysiological and biochemical response in rats on intratracheal instillation of manganese
Authors: Máté Zsuzsanna , Szabó Andrea , Paulik Edit , Jancsó Zsanett , Hermesz Edit , Papp András 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Chronic exposure to excess manganese via inhalation of metal fumes causes central nervous system damage. For modelling Mn aerosol inhalation, male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with MnCl2 solution (0.5 mg/kg b.w. MnCl2; n=12) 5 days a week for 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment, somatosensory cortical evoked potentials, elicited by double-pulse stimulation, were recorded from the animals in urethane anaesthesia. Body weight gain, organ weights, and Mn level in brain, lung and blood samples were also measured. In brain samples, gene expression level of MnSOD (Mn superoxide dismutase) was determined. The effect of Mn was mainly seen on the evoked potential amplitudes, and on the second:first ratio of these. Tissue Mn concentration was elevated in brain and lungs, but changed hardly in the blood. Relative weight of heart, thymus, lungs and brain was significantly altered. The level of MnSOD transcript in brain tissue decreased. The observed effects showed that Mn had access to the brain and that somatosensory cortical responses evoked by double-pulse stimulation might be suitable biomarkers of Mn intoxication.
Le droit de choisir sa mort : les ambiguïtés de la cour de Strasbourg
Authors: Bachelet Olivier 
Published: November 2011

Bien qu’elle refuse de déduire du droit à la vie un « droit diamétralement opposé, à savoir un droit à mourir », la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme n’hésite pas à consacrer un droit de choisir sa mort en tant que résultante de l’« autonomie personnelle » issue de l’article 8 de la Convention. Malgré tout, la marge d’appréciation reconnue aux États dans la mise en œuvre de ce droit vient en nuancer l’effectivité sans, pour autant, dissiper les craintes liées à la reconnaissance d’un tel « droit négatif ».
Quels principes pour une politique criminelle européenne après le traité de Lisbonne ?
Authors: Satzger Helmut 
Published: November 2011

Bien qu’elle refuse de déduire du droit à la vie un « droit diamétralement opposé, à savoir un droit à mourir », la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme n’hésite pas à consacrer un droit de choisir sa mort en tant que résultante de l’« autonomie personnelle » issue de l’article 8 de la Convention. Malgré tout, la marge d’appréciation reconnue aux États dans la mise en œuvre de ce droit vient en nuancer l’effectivité sans, pour autant, dissiper les craintes liées à la reconnaissance d’un tel « droit négatif ».
The Development of a Preceptor Training Program on Clinical Nursing Education in Jordan in Collaboration With Sweden
Authors: Halabi Jehad O. , Abdalrahim Maysoon S. , Persson Gunilla Length , Hedemalm Azar , Lepp Margret 
Published: November 2011

Background:
As part of the Swedish-Jordanian International Collaboration Project, this study developed, implemented, and evaluated a preceptor training program to enhance pedagogical strategies for integration of theory and practice in nursing education in Jordan.

Methods:
A three-phase program was developed and implemented (2006 to 2007) focusing on experiential learning using drama, case-method, and photolanguage methods. Data were collected from 12 preceptors in Jordan using questionnaires and interviews.

Results:
Four themes reflected experiences gained from participating in the program, including bridging the gap between theory and practice, enhancing students’ imminent potential, promoting the role of preceptor, and facing challenges in applying pedagogical strategies. Participants noted a positive effect on their personal and professional growth as a preceptor, students’ learning process, and the quality of health care.

Conclusion:
Preceptors perceived that the model program helped to bridge the gap between theory and practice, improved communication and networking, and improved the quality of health care in Jordan.
Evaluation of eperisone hydrochloride in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal spasm associated with low back pain
Authors: Chandanwale AS , Chopra A , Goregaonkar A , Medhi B , Shah V , Gaikwad S , Langade DG , Maroli S , Mehta SC , Naikwadi A , Pawar DR 
Published: November 2011

Background:
Eperisone hydrochloride is a centrally acting muscle relaxant inhibiting the pain reflex pathway, having a vasodilator effect.

Aims:
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of eperisone in patients with acute musculoskeletal spasm associated with low back pain.

Settings and Design:
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial conducted at five tertiary care orthopedic centers across India.

Materials and Methods:
It was planned to enroll 240 patients of either sex between 18-60 years with acute musculoskeletal spasm (AMSP) with low back pain (LBP) due to spondylosis deformans, prolapsed disc or muscle sprain. Patients with other associated unrelated spasm conditions were excluded. Assessments were done for finger-to-floor distance (FFD), lumbar pain, Lasegue's sign, tenderness of vertebral muscles, need for rescue medication and response to therapy for efficacy and tolerability.

Statistical Analysis:
Parametric data were analyzed by 't' test and ANOVA, and non-parametric data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney 'U' test and Kruskall-Wallis test. Proportions were compared using Fischer's (Chi-square) test.

Results:
Two hundred and forty patients were randomized to receive eperisone 150 mg/day in three divided doses (n=120) or placebo (n=120) for 14 days, of which 15 patients did not complete and 225 patients completed the study (eperisone, 112 and placebo, 113). Significantly greater improvement in FFD (P<0.001) from baseline on Day 14 was seen with eperisone (150.66 to 41.75) compared to placebo (138.51 to 101.60). Improvements in other parameters were greater with the eperisone group. For 89 (79.46%) patients the therapy was rated as good-excellent with eperisone compared to 43 (38.05%) patients with placebo. Nausea, abdominal pain, headache and dizziness were the common adverse events with both therapies. Rescue drug was needed by 40 (35.71%) eperisone patients and 83 (73.45%) placebo patients.

Conclusions:
Eperisone hydrochloride was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of patients with AMSP with LBP.
The Star System
Authors: Anderson Mark Lynn 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the summer of 1918, after failing to negotiate a new contract with his most important star, Adolph Zukor offered Mary Pickford a quarter of a million dollars to leave the motion picture business.1Given the meagerness of this sum as compared with Pickford's enormous earning capacity at that moment, one might well conclude that Zukor was merely joking. Yet, might this have been a genuine bribe? The Famous Players‐Lasky's chief executive had built his empire upon the exploitation of movie stars like Pickford, and historians of the studio system have long commented upon Zukor's keen involvement in the parallel development of both the feature‐length motion picture and the star system during the late transitional period of 1912 to 1915. In the subsequent period of industrial consolidation, however, Zukor apparently sought to turn his back on the star performer as a business strategy, while he instead pursued theater ownership, the promotion of famous authors, and the production of multiple‐star specials that sought to effectively short‐circuit the authority of the individual star. When Zukor proposed that Pickford stop working in 1918, she and scores of other Hollywood stars were preparing to participate in the fourth Liberty Loan campaign, where their extraordinary earning power would be once again put on display as beneficial to the American troops overseas, to the nation, and ultimately, to the fate of the entire world.
“As Close to Real Life As Hollywood Ever Gets”
Authors: Maltby Richard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractOn November 11, 1932, three days after Franklin Roosevelt's landslide victory in the presidential election, New Yorkers and the citizens of more than 200 other cities could celebrate the defeat of Herbert Hoover, the “Great Engineer” of the previous decade, by going to the opening performance of a Warner Bros. movie about the rise and fall of another engineer in the 1920s,I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang.1Critics and historians have identifiedFugitiveas particularly emblematic of the nadir of the Depression, an icon of both Warner Bros.' social consciousness and Hollywood's “Golden Age of Turbulence” (Sklar 1978, 175). In his bookThe Great Depression, for example, Robert McElvaine argues thatFugitive's protagonist, James Allen, “symbolizes all Depression victims,” and that the movie “was the perfect expression of the national mood in 1932: despair, suffering, hopelessness” (1984, 208, 213).