bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of biogenic amines in regulating bioluminescence in the Australian glowworm Arachnocampa flava
Authors: Rigby Lisa M. , Merritt David J. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARY
The glowworm Arachnocampa flava is a carnivorous fly larva (Diptera) that uses light to attract prey into its web. The light organ is derived from cells of the Malpighian tubules, representing a bioluminescence system that is unique to the genus. Bioluminescence is modulated through the night although light levels change quite slowly compared with the flashing of the better-known fireflies (Coleoptera). The existing model for the neural regulation of bioluminescence in Arachnocampa, based on use of anaesthetics and ligations, is that bioluminescence is actively repressed during the non-glowing phase and the repression is partially released during the bioluminescence phase. The effect of the anaesthetic, carbon dioxide, on the isolated light organ from the present study indicates that the repression is at least partially mediated at the light organ itself rather than less directly through the central nervous system. Blocking of neural signals from the central nervous system through ligation leads to uncontrolled release of bioluminescence but light is emitted at relatively low levels compared with under anaesthesia. Candidate biogenic amines were introduced by several methods: feeding prey items injected with test solution, injecting the whole larva, injecting a ligated section containing the light organ or bathing the isolated light organ in test solution. Using these methods, dopamine, serotonin and tyramine do not affect bioluminescence output. Exposure to elevated levels of octopamine via feeding, injection or bathing of the isolated light organ indicates that it is involved in the regulation of repression. Administration of the octopamine antagonists phentolamine or mianserin results in very high bioluminescence output levels, similar to the effect of anaesthetics, but only mianserin acts directly on the light organ.
Telocytes
Authors: Pellegrini Maria-Simonetta Faussone , Popescu Laurenţiu M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHere, we review the history, morphology, immunohistochemical phenotype, and presumptive roles of a new type of interstitial tissue cells, formerly called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC) and by 2010 named ‘telocytes’ (TC). Many different techniques have been used to characterize TC and provide their unequivocal identification: (i) in vitro, cultures and isolated cells; (ii) in situ, fixed specimens examined by light and fluorescence microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy, and electron tomography. TEM allowed sure identification and characterization of the most peculiar feature of TC: the long, thin, and convoluted prolongations named ‘telopodes’. An enormous variety of antibodies have been tested, but presently none are reliable to specifically label TC. TC have a mesenchymal origin and are resident connective tissue (stromal) cells. Possible identification with ‘already identified’ stromal cell types (fibroblasts, fibrocytes, fibroblast-like cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells) is discussed. We conclude that in adulthood, most of the TC have the morphology of fibrocytes. Apparently, immunocytochemistry suggests that a variety of TC populations showing different, likely organ-specific, immunophenotypes might exist. Several roles have been hypothesized for TC: mechanical roles, intercellular signaling, guiding and nursing of immature cells during organogenesis, and being themselves a pool of precursors for many of the mesenchyme-derived cells in adulthood; however, none of these roles have been proven yet. On the basis of the available data, we propose TC may be key players in organ regeneration and repair.
High-resolution solid state NMR experiments for the characterization of calcium phosphate biomaterials and biominerals
Authors: Pourpoint Frédérique , Diogo Cristina Coelho , Gervais Christel , Bonhomme Christian , Fayon Franck , Dalicieux Sara Laurencin , Gennero Isabelle , Salles Jean-Pierre , Howes Andrew P. , Dupree Ray , Hanna John V. , Smith Mark E. , Mauri Francesco , Guerrero Gilles , Mutin P. Hubert , Laurencin Danielle 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Relation between anatomy and lifestyles in Recent and Early Cambrian chaetognaths
Authors: Casenove David , Goto Taichiro , Vannier Jean 
Published: September 2011

The Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten of the Early Cambrian Maotianshan Shale record an apparently sudden conquest of pelagic niches by ten phyla of metazoans. One of these phyla is Chaetognatha, a group of predatory marine worms. Given their role as major predators in modern planktonic ecosystems, the chaetognaths discovered in the Maotianshan Shale (Yunnan Province, South China) suggest that the pelagos at the time was already quite complex. Modern chaetognaths, however, can be divided into benthic and pelagic forms; the pelagic nature ofEognathacantha ercainellashould therefore be validated by strong morphological evidence.Knowing that planktonic animals present morphological adaptations that increase their buoyancy, we studied the drag produced during the active phase of chaetognath locomotion for the modern formsParaspadella gotoi(benthic) andSagitta elegans(pelagic). By using a motion model developed by Jordan in 1992, we could calculate the resistive force produced by the undulatory movement of chaetognaths' bodies.This mechanistic approach evaluates the effect of three motion parameters (relative speed, total length, and tail ratio) on the drag force produced during locomotion. Our results show that the increase of size contributes to higher drag while the shorter tail of the pelagic form balances this effect by reducing the wetted surface subject to friction. For chaetognaths, therefore, a bigger body (both in length and width) and a shorter tail indicate a pelagic lifestyle, a finding that can be applied to the study of the fossilEognathacantha ercainella. A discriminant analysis can confirm that the Early Cambrian chaetognath presents a pelagic morphology with similarities to modern bathypelagic and mesopelagic species.
Mediobasal Hypothalamic SIRT1 Is Essential for Resveratrol’s Effects on Insulin Action in Rats
Authors: Knight Colette M. , Gutierrez-Juarez Roger , Lam Tony K.T. , Arrieta-Cruz Isabel , Huang Loli , Schwartz Gary , Barzilai Nir , Rossetti Luciano 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and its activator resveratrol are emerging as major regulators of metabolic processes. We investigate the site of resveratrol action on glucose metabolism and the contribution of SIRT1 to these effects. Because the arcuate nucleus in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) plays a pivotal role in integrating peripheral metabolic responses to nutrients and hormones, we examined whether the actions of resveratrol are mediated at the MBH.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats received acute central (MBH) or systemic injections of vehicle, resveratrol, or SIRT1 inhibitor during basal pancreatic insulin clamp studies. To delineate the pathway(s) by which MBH resveratrol modulates hepatic glucose production, we silenced hypothalamic SIRT1 expression using a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibited the hypothalamic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel with glibenclamide, or selectively transected the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve while infusing resveratrol centrally.

RESULTS
Our studies show that marked improvement in insulin sensitivity can be elicited by acute administration of resveratrol to the MBH or during acute systemic administration. Selective inhibition of hypothalamic SIRT1 using a cell-permeable SIRT1 inhibitor or SIRT1-shRNA negated the effect of central and peripheral resveratrol on glucose production. Blockade of the KATP channel and hepatic vagotomy significantly attenuated the effect of central resveratrol on hepatic glucose production. In addition, we found no evidence for hypothalamic AMPK activation after MBH resveratrol administration.

CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, these studies demonstrate that resveratrol improves glucose homeostasis mainly through a central SIRT1-dependent pathway and that the MBH is a major site of resveratrol action.
Angiotensin II Receptors Modulate Muscle Microvascular and Metabolic Responses to Insulin In Vivo
Authors: Chai Weidong , Wang Wenhui , Dong Zhenhua , Cao Wenhong , Liu Zhenqi 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE
Angiotensin (ANG) II interacts with insulin-signaling pathways to regulate insulin sensitivity. The type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R) receptors reciprocally regulate basal perfusion of muscle microvasculature. Unopposed AT2R activity increases muscle microvascular blood volume (MBV) and glucose extraction, whereas unopposed AT1R activity decreases both. The current study examined whether ANG II receptors modulate muscle insulin delivery and sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Overnight-fasted rats were studied. In protocol 1, rats received a 2-h infusion of saline, insulin (3 mU/kg/min), insulin plus PD123319 (AT2R blocker), or insulin plus losartan (AT1R blocker, intravenously). Muscle MBV, microvascular flow velocity, and microvascular blood flow (MBF) were determined. In protocol 2, rats received 125I-insulin with or without PD123319, and muscle insulin uptake was determined.

RESULTS
Insulin significantly increased muscle MBV and MBF. AT2R blockade abolished insulin-mediated increases in muscle MBV and MBF and decreased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal by ~30%. In contrast, losartan plus insulin increased muscle MBV by two- to threefold without further increasing insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Plasma nitric oxide increased by &gt;50% with insulin and insulin plus losartan but not with insulin plus PD123319. PD123319 markedly decreased muscle insulin uptake and insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that both AT1Rs and AT2Rs regulate insulin’s microvascular and metabolic action in muscle. Although AT1R activity restrains muscle metabolic responses to insulin via decreased microvascular recruitment and insulin delivery, AT2R activity is required for normal microvascular responses to insulin. Thus, pharmacologic manipulation aimed at increasing the AT2R-to-AT1R activity ratio may afford the potential to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Interplay of viral miRNAs and host mRNAs and proteins
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Recent experiments indicate that several viruses may encode microRNAs (miRNAs) in cells. Such RNAs may interfere with the host mRNAs and proteins. We present a kinetic analysis of this interplay. In our treatment, the viral miRNA is considered to be able to associate with the host mRNA with subsequent degradation. This process may result in a decline of the mRNA population and also in a decline of the population of the protein encoded by this mRNA. With these ingredients, we first show the types of the corresponding steady-state kinetics in the cases of positive and negative regulation of the miRNA synthesis by the protein. In addition, we scrutinize the situation when the protein regulates the virion replication or, in other words, provides a feedback for the replication. For the negative feedback, the replication rate is found to increase with increasing the intracellular virion population. For the positive feedback, the replication rate first increases and then drops. These features may determine the stability of steady states.
First report of Trichodorus primitivus, T. sparsus and T. viruliferus (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from the Czech Republic
Authors: Kumari S. , Decraemer W. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A survey has been carried out to study the occurrence and distribution of Trichodorus primitivus, T. sparsus and T. viruliferus in the Czech Republic under the rhizosphere of orchards, forests, vineyards and strawberry. Total 208 sites were surveyed and only 29 sites were found positive for these species. All three species are reported in the Czech Republic for the first time.
A new species of nematoda parasite of the cerambicid eucalyptus longhorned borer from Argentina
Authors: Achinelly M. , Camino N. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Artigasia indigena n. sp. is characterized by the cuticle thin, annulated and with spines arranged in regular longitudinal rows from the first ring to the base of medial bulb. The first ring is differentiated with eight spines, the second ring is bigger and without spines, and then a series of small rings with spines come up to the base of medial bulb. Lateral alae absent, stoma short with four thickening cuticle like teeth, excretory pore posterior situated at the beginning of the intestine, V = 67 %, eggs oval with smooth shell, male without spicule, and genital papillae arranged with one pair of preanal papillae and one pair of postanal papillae.
Margin Infused Relaxed Algorithm for Moses
Authors: Hasler Eva , Haddow Barry , Koehn Philipp 
Published: September 2011

Margin Infused Relaxed Algorithm for Moses
We describe an open-source implementation of the Margin Infused Relaxed Algorithm (MIRA) for statistical machine translation (SMT). The implementation is part of the Moses toolkit and can be used as an alternative to standard minimum error rate training (MERT). A description of the implementation and its usage on core feature sets as well as large, sparse feature sets is given and we report experimental results comparing the performance of MIRA with MERT in terms of translation quality and stability.
Fault diagnosis of actual large-power high-voltage windings using transfer function method
Authors: Rahimpour Ebrahim , Tenbohlen Stefan 
Published: September 2011

Fault diagnosis of actual large-power high-voltage windings using transfer function method
The transfer function (TF) method is presently a well-known method used to detect various types of winding damage in power transformers. Although abundant research has been done on this subject using laboratory windings as test objects, it is hard to find one, whose test objects are actual large-power transformer windings. Hence, a 400 kV disc winding consisting of 86 discs is used in this paper to study turn-to-turn short circuit with the help of the TF method. To evaluate the effects of this type of fault on TF curves, some mathematical comparison algorithms are used in this research.
Positive electrical circuits and their reachability
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: September 2011

Positive electrical circuits and their reachabilityConditions for the positivity of linear electrical circuits composed of resistances, coils, capacitors and voltage (current) sources are established. It is shown that: 1) the electrical circuit composed of resistors, coils and voltage source is positive for any values of their resistances, inductances and source voltages if and only if the number of coils is less or equal to the number of its linearly independent meshes, 2) the electrical circuit is not positive for any values of its resistances, capacitances and source voltages if each its branch contains resistor, capacitor and voltage source, 3) the positiven-meshes electrical circuit with only one inductance in each linearly independent mesh is reachable if all resistances of branches belonging to two linearly independent meshes are zero.
Effects of Sex on Compensatory Landing Strategies Upon Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Paterno Mark V. , Schmitt Laura C. , Ford Kevin R. , Rauh Mitchell J. , Myer Gregory D. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: September 2011

Study Design Controlled laboratory, cross-sectional, cohort design. Objective To determine if a sex-specific pattern of lower limb asymmetries is present during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) maneuver at the time of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Background A high incidence of second ACL injury is reported after reconstruction; however, the underlying mechanisms of this injury are unclear. While asymmetrical dynamic loading patterns predictive of primary ACL injury in healthy female athletes were observed in female athletes 2 years after ACL reconstruction, it is unknown if similar asymmetries are present in male athletes after ACL reconstruction at the time of return to sport. Methods A total of 98 participants were included in the study, 56 of whom had unilateral ACL reconstruction (35 female, 21 male) and had been released to return to unrestricted level 1 and 2 sports, and 42 of whom were uninjured, activity-matched control participants (29 female, 13 male). Lower extremity kinetic data were analyzed during a bilateral drop vertical jump maneuver from a 31-cm box. Peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) was calculated during the landing phase of the drop vertical jump and normalized to body weight (BW). A 2-by-2-by-2 analysis of variance was used to determine differences between side (involved versus uninvolved), group (ACL reconstruction versus control), and sex (female versus male) for the peak VGRF. Results A significant side-by-group interaction for peak VGRF (P = .002) was observed during the landing phase of the drop vertical jump in the entire cohort. The involved limb of the ACL reconstructed group displayed significantly lower VGRF (mean ± SD, 1.77 ± 0.35 BW) than the uninvolved limb (2.2 ± 0.4 BW, P<.001) and both the preferred limb (2.0 ± 0.4 BW, P = .002) and nonpreferred limb (2.09 ± 0.42 BW, P<.001) in the control group. No effect of sex was noted. Conclusion After ACL reconstruction, both male and female participants at the time of return to sport demonstrated involved limb asymmetries in peak VGRF during landing from a bipedal task. These deficits, which persist at the time of return to sport, may increase the risk of future injury and indicate that rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction may require more targeted interventions to address involved limb biomechanical deficits in athletes of both sexes prior to return to sport participation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(8):553–559. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3591
An Exploratory Study of Patient Attitudes towards Symptom Reporting in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Berntsen G. , Shrestha N. , Bellika J. G. , Johnsen J.-A. K. , Johansen M. A. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate people’s attitude towards providing symptom information electronically before a consultation. Specific areas investigated include a) attitudes and experiences with regards to acquisition of information related to symptoms, b) attitudes towards computer based communication of symptoms to the general practitioner and how they preferred to carry out such reporting, and c) attitudes towards storage, use and presentation of symptom-data in general, and particularly in a symptom based surveillance setting.Methods: Data was collected from 83 respondents by use of convenience sampling.Results: The respondents were familiar with using the Internet for health purposes, such as acquisition of information related to their symptoms prior to a consultation. The majority of respondents had a positive attitude towards providing information about their symptoms to the general practitioner’s office as soon as possible after falling ill. Over half of the respondents preferred to use e-mail or a web-interface to perform this task. Eighty four percent were willing to have their symptom data stored in their EPR and 76 percent agreed that the general practitioner might access the symptoms together with the prevalence of matching diseases in order to assist the diagnostic process during the next consultation.Conclusions: The results of this study support the applicability of electronically mediated pre-consultation systems both for improving primary care consultation and for use in symptom based surveillance, including real-time surveillance.
Consequences of plant‐pollinator and floral‐herbivore interactions on the reproductive success of the Canary Islands endemic Canarina canariensis (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez María C. , Valido Alfredo 
Published: September 2011

• Premise of the study: Pollination is a critical phase for plant reproduction, but ecological and evolutionary outcomes by pollinators may be counteracted by floral herbivores. These interacting assemblages may also be altered (directly or indirectly) by introduced species, especially on oceanic islands. In this study, we analyzed the effects of opportunistic nectar‐feeding passerine birds and native (semi‐slugs) and introduced (rats) floral herbivores on the reproductive success of Canarina canariensis.• Methods: Manual pollination experiments were conducted to determine plant breeding system and pollen limitation. We also identified floral visitors and their visitation frequencies by censuses. Bird pollination effectiveness was evaluated by selective exclosures. The intensity of floral herbivory by native vs. introduced herbivores and its effect on plant fitness was estimated in different areas within the Canary island of Tenerife.• Key results: Canarina canariensis had a very low spontaneous selfing ability and high pollen limitation, despite being self‐compatible. Birds increased fruit set and the percentage of viable seeds per fruit, while florivores, the principal floral visitors, reduced them. Semi‐slugs mainly consumed male reproductive organs, while rats preferred female. There was a strong within‐island spatial variation in the herbivory intensity.• Conclusions: Opportunistic nectar‐feeding birds increase the production of viable seeds in C. canariensis, but their beneficial effects are counteracted by the high incidence of floral herbivory. Because native semi‐slugs damaged anthers more frequently than did introduced rats, these florivores may differ in their effects on male and female plant reproductive success.
L'activité des conducteurs de travaux sur les chantiers de construction : ordonnancement et supervision d'une situation dynamique
Authors: Forrierre Justine , Anceaux Françoise , Cegarra Julien , Six Francis 
Published: September 2011

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser l’activité cognitive d’un des principaux acteurs du secteur de la construction : le conducteur de travaux, opérateur chargé de préparer, suivre et clôturer les chantiers. En resituant le chantier dans le processus de conception-réalisation de l’ouvrage, nous montrons tout d’abord que le chantier est une situation complexe et dynamique. Ce point de vue nous amène ensuite à caractériser l’activité cognitive du conducteur de travaux comme étant de la supervision de situation dynamique lors de la phase de réalisation du chantier et de l’ordonnancement et du réordonnancement lors de la préparation et du suivi du chantier. Les apports de cette perspective sont, d’une part, l’enrichissement des situations dynamiques et, d’autre part, l’ouverture à d’autres façons de questionner l’activité du conducteur de travaux.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Clinical Preceptorship Program for Registered Nurses in Jordan
Authors: Al-Hussami Mahmoud , Saleh Mohammad Y. N. , Darawad Muhammad , Alramly Manal 
Published: September 2011

Purpose:
The authors implemented and evaluated a preceptor training program to prepare registered nurses to become preceptors and to establish a nursing preceptor training program to promote knowledge of preceptorship among Jordanian nurses.

Methods:
A true experimental design was used. The sample consisted of 68 registered nurses recruited randomly from governmental, private, and university hospitals. A sociodemographic data form and a questionnaire on nurses’ knowledge about preceptorship were developed for self-administration.

Results:

The study results showed that the difference between the experimental (
n
= 30,
M
= 33/41,
SD
= 4.5) and control (
n
= 38,
M
= 26/41,
SD
= 4.6) groups after implementation of the preceptorship program was statistically significant (
t
= 5.5,
df
= 66,
p
= .000).

Conclusion:
The preceptorship program showed significant improvement in participants’ knowledge of clinical teaching.