bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleozoic and Mesozoic Basement Magmatisms of Eastern Qaidam Basin, Northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau: LA‐ICP‐MS Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology and its Geological Significance
Authors: Xuanhua CHEN , GEHRELS George , An YIN , Li LI , Rongbao JIANG 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The eastern margin of the Qaidam Basin lies in the key tectonic location connecting the Qinling, Qilian and East Kunlun orogens. The paper presents an investigation and analysis of the geologic structures of the area and LA‐ICP MS zircon U‐Pb dating of Paleozoic and Mesozoic magmatisms of granitoids in the basement of the eastern Qaidam Basin on the basis of 16 granitoid samples collected from the South Qilian Mountains, the Qaidam Basin basement and the East Kunlun Mountains. According to the results in this paper, the basement of the basin, from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin to the East Kunlun Mountains, has experienced at least three periods of intrusive activities of granitoids since the Early Paleozoic, i.e. the magmatisms occurring in the Late Cambrian (493.1±4.9 Ma), the Silurian (422.9±8.0 Ma‐420.4±4.6 Ma) and the Late Permian‐Middle Triassic (257.8±4.0 Ma‐228.8±1.5 Ma), respectively. Among them, the Late Permian – Middle Triassic granitoids form the main components of the basement of the basin. The statistics of dated zircons in this paper shows the intrusive magmatic activities in the basement of the basin have three peak ages of 244 Ma (main), 418 Ma, and 493 Ma respectively. The dating results reveal that the Early Paleozoic magmatism of granitoids mainly occurred on the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin and the southern margin of the Qilian Mountains, with only weak indications in the East Kunlun Mountains. However, the distribution of Permo‐Triassic (P‐T) granitoids occupied across the whole basement of the eastern Qaidam Basin from the southern margin of the Qilian Mountains to the East Kunlun Mountains. An integrated analysis of the age distribution of P‐T granitoids in the Qaidam Basin and its surrounding mountains shows that the earliest P‐T magmatism (293.6–270 Ma) occurred in the northwestern part of the basin and expanded eastwards and southwards, resulting in the P‐T intrusive magmatism that ran through the whole basin basement As the Cenozoic basement thrust system developed in the eastern Qaidam Basin, the nearly N‐S‐trending shortening and deformation in the basement of the basin tended to intensify from west to east, which went contrary to the distribution trend of N‐S‐trending shortening and deformation in the Cenozoic cover of the basin, reflecting that there was a transformation of shortening and thickening of Cenozoic crust between the eastern and western parts of the Qaidam Basin, i.e., the crustal shortening of eastern Qaidam was dominated by the basement deformation (triggered at the middle and lower crust), whereas that of western Qaidam was mainly by folding and thrusting of the sedimentary cover (the upper crust).
LA‐ICP‐MS Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology of Quartz Porphyry from the Niutougou Gold Deposit in Songxian County, Henan Province
Authors: Zhongliang WANG , Qingjie GONG , Xiang SUN , Fafu WU , Weixing WANG 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The Niutougou gold deposit, located in the center of the Xiong'ershan gold district, western Henan Province, is a large gold deposit with many quartz porphyries found in the area. Based on the field geological investigation of quartz porphyry of Niutougou gold deposit and by using the cathodoluminescence (CL) images analysis and in situ LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb isotope dating method of zircons, the inner structure, trace element compositions and U‐Pb age of the zircons separated from quartz porphyry were analyzed and determined. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircons show clear magmatic zonations. Trace element analyses of zircons reveal that all zircons show high concentrations of Th, U, and HREE, and the REE patterns of depletion in LREE, with a positive Ce anomaly. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating results show that the quartz porphyry in the Niutougou gold deposit was formed at 159.71±0.99 Ma (about 160 Ma), belonging to the product of magmatic activity in late Middle Jurassic. Combined with the geological characteristics of the Niutougou gold deposit, the formation age of the quartz porphyry and the analysis of the formation age of the granite body exposed in the Niutougou gold deposit, the study suggests that the metallogenic epoch of the Niutougou gold deposit may be Yanshanian in age.
Macroscopically‐Zoned Grandite from the Garnetite Skarn of Meka Presedla (Kopaonik Mountain, Serbia)
Authors: TANČIĆ Pavle , VULIĆ Predrag , KAINDL Reinhard , SARTORY Bernhard , DIMITRIJEVIĆ Radovan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The macroscopically‐zoned grandite from the garnetite skarn of Meka Presedla (Kopaonik Mountain, Serbia) was studied with optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), Fourier transform infra‐red (FT–IR), and Raman methods. The EMPA results indicate that the main core–rim compositional variations (Ca2.93–2.97Mn0.05–0.06Mg0.00–0.01Al1.14–1.26Fe3+0.72–0.83 Ti0.00–0.02Si2.97–3.02O12) slightly differ along the zones, showing evidence for a quasi‐cyclic alternation of the oscillatory zoning nature. Among this, considerable variation is observed only by the Al–Fe3+ substitutions in the octahedral site. The EMPA also indicate that the grandite zones compositionally vary, mostly within ±1 and ±2 mol% of the homogeneity level range, that is, Grs64±1Adr36±1Sps2 (A), Grs62±1Adr38±1Sps2 (B), Grs59±2Adr40±2Sps2 (C), Grs58±2Adr41±2Sps2 (D), and Grs58±1Adr41±1Sps2 (E). Therefore, the investigated garnet can be considered as relatively highly homogeneous. The majority of compositions lie within the narrow miscibility region of 0.58±2<XGrs<0.64±1, without gaps, and with only three outliers near the zone boundaries of approximately 0.38<XGrs<0.52. FT–IR and Raman bands are almost constant within the zones and adequate to the chemical compositions. All of the zones should be considered as anhydrous. From the results, formation temperatures between ∼600 and 720°C, and pressures of ∼2–3 kbars, are derived. Among five possible causes for the slightly optical anisotropy of grandite, three were reconsidered, and consequently rejected.
Adsorption of Lead (II), Copper (II) on tourmaline from Altai mine in China's Sinkiang
Authors: Dengliang HE , Guangfu YIN , Faqin DONG , Wei ZHANG , Qingquan BIAN , yunxiang SI 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:Tourmaline from Altai mine in China's Sinkiang was used to remove lead (II), copper (II) from aqueous solution. The results demonstrate that tourmaline contains Na(Mg,V)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4, NaFe3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4. The data show that Tourmaline from Altai mine in China's Sinkiang can be used natural adsorbent for lead (II), copper (II). It is observed that the adsorption data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, both Pb (II) and Cu (II) absorbed by tourmaline and tourmaline were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Laser Raman Spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometer, Transmission electron microscopy and Zeta potential.
Formation of Natural Bitumen and its Implication for Oil/gas Prospect in Dabashan Foreland
Authors: Rongxi LI , Shuwen DONG , Xue ZHANG , Ruijing ZHU 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:Natural bitumen is the evolutionary residue of hydrocarbon of sedimentary organic matter. Several kinds of bitumen with different occurrences, including bitumen in source rock, migration bitumen filled in fault, oil‐bed bitumen and paleo‐reservoir bitumen, are distributed widely in the Dabashan foreland. These kinds of bitumen represent the process of oil/gas formation, migration and accumulation in the region. Bitumen in source rock filled in fractures and stylolite and experienced deformation simultaneously together with source rock themselves. It indicated that oil/gas generation and expelling from source rock occurred under normal buried thermal conditions during prototype basin evolution stages prior to orogeny. Occurrences of bitumen in source rock indicated that paleoreservoir formation conditions existed in the Dabashan foreland. Migration bitumen being widespread in the fault revealed that the fault was the main channel for oil/gas migration, which occurred synchronously with Jurassic foreland deformation. Oil‐bed bitumen was the kind of pyrolysis bitumen that distributed in solution pores of reservoir rock in the Dabashan foreland depression, the northeastern Sichuan Basin. Geochemistry of oil‐bed bitumen indicated that natural gas that accumulated in the Dabashan foreland depression formed from liquid hydrocarbon by pyrolysis process. However, paleo‐reservior bitumen in the Dabashan forleland was the kind of degradation bitumen that formed from liquid hydrocarbon within the paleo‐reservior by oxidation, alteration and other secondary changes due to paleo‐reservior damage during tectonics in the Dabashan foreland. In combination with the tectonic evolution of the Dabashan foreland, it is proposed that the oil/gas generated, migrated and accumulated to form the paleo‐reservoir during the Triassic Indosinian tectonic movement. Jurassic collision orogeny, the Yanshan tectonic movement, led to intracontinental orogeny of the Dabashan area accompanied by geofluid expelling and paleo‐reservoir damage in the Dabashan foreland. The present work proposed that there is liquid hydrocarbon exploration potential in the Dabashan foreland, while there are prospects for the existence of natural gas in the Dabashan foreland depression.
Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System
Authors: Ling CHEN , Guangyou ZHU , Bin ZHANG , Zhigang WEN , Yonggang WANG 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories: oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas‐rich reservoir, condensate gas‐poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.
Ground Surface Ruptures and Near‐Fault, Large‐Scale Displacements Caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake Derived from Pixel Offset Tracking on Synthetic Aperture Radar Images
Authors: Chunyan QU , Xinjian SHAN , Yunhua LIU , Guohong ZHANG , Xiaogang SONG , Guifang ZHANG , Liming GUO , Yufei HAN 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake produced surface displacements along the causative fault, the Yingxiu‐Beichuan Fault, which are up to several meters near the fault. Because of the large gradient, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric data are strongly incoherent; the usual SAR interferometry method does not allow such displacements to be measured. In the present study, we employed another approach, the technique based on pixel offset tracking, to solve this problem. The used image data of six tracks are from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Phased Array type L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS/PALSAR) dataset of Japan. The results show that the entire surface rupture belt is 238 km long, extending almost linearly in a direction of 42° north–east. It is offset left laterally by a north–west‐striking fault at Xiaoyudong, and turns at Gaochuan, where the rupture belt shifts toward the south by 5 km, largely keeping the original trend. In terms of the features of the rupture traces, the rupture belt can be divided into five sections and three types. Among them, the Beichuan–Chaping and Hongkou–Yingxiu sections are relatively complex, with large widths and variable traces along the trend. The Pingtong–Nanba and Qingping–Jingtang sections appear uniform, characterized by straight traces and small widths. West of Yingxiu, the rupture traces are not clear. North of the rupture belt, surface displacements are 2.95 m on average, mostly 2–3.5 m, with 7–9 m the maximum near Beichuan. South of the rupture belt, the average displacement is 1.75 m, dominated by 1–2 m, with 3–4 m at a few sites. In the north, the displacements in the radar line of sight are of subsidence, and in the south, they are uplifted, in accordance with a right‐slip motion that moves the northern wall of the fault to the east, and the southern wall to the west, respectively. Along the Guanxian–Jiangyou Fault, there is a uplift zone in the radar line of sight, which is 66 km long, 1.5–6 km wide, and has vertical displacements of approximately 2 m, but no observable rupture traces.
Factors associated with nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture in China: a cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Feng Xianqiong , Bobay Kathleen , Krejci Janet Wessel , McCormick Barrett L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective: To explore nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture and factors associated with those perceptions.Methods: This study used a quantitative methodology with a cross‐sectional design. A convenience sample was used to recruit 248 nurses. Data were collected at a Chinese university hospital between August and October 2008.Results: More than half (61.3%) of nurses had positive perceptions of patient safety culture. Nurses responded most positively to two dimensions: teamwork within units and organizational learning. Nurses responded most negatively to staffing and non‐punitive response to errors. Four factors were found to be associated with patient safety culture: nurses’ perception of managers’ trustworthiness (P < 0.001), organizational safety prioritization (P < 0.001), length of unit nursing experience (P = 0.004), and managers’ safety commitment (P = 0.023).Conclusions: To improve patient safety culture, nurse managers should focus on the identified factors and adopt multiple strategies. Specifically, nurse mangers should try to build trust with nurses, demonstrate sincere safety commitments, and set patient safety as a true priority.
Evaluation of cytologic findings in feline conjunctivitis
Authors: Hillström Anna , Tvedten Harold , Källberg Maria , Hanås Sofia , Lindhe Anna , Holst Bodil Ström 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundCytologic examination of smears prepared from ocular swabs of conjunctiva from cats with conjunctivitis permits identification of the type of inflammation and possibly specific microorganisms. Results of studies of the diagnostic utility of cytology for detection of infectious causes of feline conjunctivitis have been inconsistent.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe cytologic findings in cats with conjunctivitis and to compare those findings with results ofPCRanalysis for feline herpesvirus (FHV‐1),Chlamydophila felis(C felis),andMycoplasma felis(M felis).MethodsConjunctival smears from 88 cats with conjunctivitis and 10 healthy control cats were stained with a Romanowsky stain and evaluated for the type of inflammation and evidence of an infectious agent.PCRanalysis forFHV‐1,Cfelis, andMfeliswas performed.ResultsInfectious agents identified byPCRanalysis wereFHV‐1 in 9 cats (10%),Cfelisin 8 cats (9%), andMfelisin 6 cats (7%). Inclusions interpreted as chlamydial inclusions were found in all cytologic smears from cats positive forCfelisbyPCRanalysis and in 3PCR‐negative cats. Inclusions interpreted asMycoplasmaorganisms were found in 3 of 6 cats that werePCR‐positive forMfelisand in 1PCR‐negative cat.FHV‐1 inclusion bodies were not detected on cytologic examination.ConclusionsCytologic examination can be diagnostic forCfelisinfection when many typical inclusions are present. Cytologic examination was unreliable in diagnosingMfelisinfection, and viral inclusions ofFHV‐1 were not found in specimens stained withRomanowsky stains.
Is it possible to use expired tubes for routine biochemical analysis in dogs?
Authors: Domingos Margarida Canelas , Médaille Christine , Concordet Didier , Briend‐Marchal Alexandra 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundExpired collection tubes may be used inadvertently and resampling is not always possible. To date, studies have not been conducted in veterinary medicine to determine whether or not biochemical measurements obtained from specimens collected into expired tubes are accurate enough for clinical decision‐making.ObjectivesThe aims of this preliminary study were to assess the impact of measuring routine plasma biochemical analytes in canine specimens collected in expired tubes and to investigate the relationship between post‐expiration time and the magnitude of errors.MethodsBlood specimens were collected from 61 dogs and aliquoted equally into tubes containing lithium heparin and gel. One tube was within the expiration date, and the other tube was up to 11 months post‐expiration. Plasma was separated within 1 hour of specimen collection, and concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, magnesium, calcium, phosphates, sodium, potassium, chloride, total
CO2

, and fructosamine and activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, amylase, and lipase were analyzed immediately and results compared.ResultsFor most analytes there was no significant difference between results from specimens collected in non‐expired and expired tubes. For ALP and lipase activities and fructosamine and total
CO2

concentrations, significant differences were found, and results obtained for fructosamine and total
CO2

from specimens in expired tubes may have led to erroneous interpretations. The effect of time since expiration was constant over time.ConclusionsWhen specimens are processed within 1 hour of collection, results of routine biochemical measurements of blood collected in lithium heparin tubes remain clinically valid for up to 11 months after expiration of tubes for the majority of analytes, except for ALP, lipase, fructosamine, and total
CO2

.
Differences in hematologic variables in rats of the same strain but different origin
Authors: Kampfmann Iris , Bauer Natali , Johannes Sigrid , Moritz Andreas 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundWistar rats are frequently used in toxicologic studies; however, the impact of animal source on hematologic reference intervals (RI) is not known.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare hematologic data of Wistar rats obtained from 2 breeders and to calculate preliminary RI for the Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer.MethodsBlood collected in EDTA from 75 10–13‐week‐old rats (male, n = 38; female, n = 37) from breeder 1 and 60 rats (male, n = 30; female, n = 30) from breeder 2 was analyzed using a Sysmex XT‐2000iV hematology analyzer. Results were analyzed for differences using a t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test. Sex‐specific 95% RI were calculated for rats from both breeders.ResultsSignificant breeder‐specific differences were found for WBC, RBC, platelet, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and reticulocyte counts and MCV, MCH, MPV, and plateletcrit for both sexes, and for HCT and hemoglobin concentration for female rats. The greatest differences (P < .0001) between rats from breeders 1 and 2, respectively, were found for WBC (female: 2.2–5.9 × 109/L vs 4.2–9.4 × 109/L 38; male: 3.4–9.5 vs 6.4–14.4 × 109/L), lymphocyte (female: 1.7–4.8 × 109/L vs 3.4–8.2 × 109/L; male: 2.6–7.8 vs 5.2–12.4 × 109/L), and platelet (female: 591–836 × 109/L vs 804–1282 × 109/L; male: 573–998 × 109/L vs 861–1247 × 109/L) counts.ConclusionDifferences in hematologic RI between Wistar rats obtained from different breeders underscore the need to evaluate untreated control animals for comparison, rather than using historical RI, to detect compound‐related effects in preclinical safety studies. Valid RI for control animals are needed and should be verified when using a new supplier to avoid misinterpretation of data. Low reference limits for some variables, such as WBC counts, in rats from one source may preclude their use in studies in which detection of leukopenia is required.
Comparison of citrated native and kaolin‐activated samples for thrombelastographic analysis in healthy dogs
Authors: Flint Sarah K. , Wood R. Darren , Abrams‐Ogg Anthony C.G. , Kruth Stephen A. , Bersenas Alexa 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundThrombelastographic (TEG) analysis is a test of global hemostasis in veterinary medicine; however, there have been limited comparisons of analysis of citrated native and kaolin‐activated samples.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the variation in TEG variables between citrated native and kaolin‐activated whole blood samples and to establish reference intervals for both sample types.MethodsCitrated whole blood samples were obtained from 40 healthy dogs. Thirty minutes after collection, TEG analysis was performed simultaneously on samples with and without kaolin‐activation. Reaction time (R), clotting time (K), angle (α), maximum amplitude (MA), global clot strength (G), and clot lysis at 30 minutes (LY30) were recorded, and the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) was calculated for each sample type.ResultsSignificant differences between results obtained for kaolin‐activated and native samples were obtained for R (mean difference −1.3 minute, P = .0009), K (−0.7 minute, P = .0003), α (+5.1º, P = .002), MA (+2.4 mm, P = .002), and G (+568 dyn/cm2, P = .0009). LY30 was not different between methods. There was substantial agreement between methods for G (ρc = .69) and MA (ρc = .65), moderate agreement for R (ρc = .45) and α (ρc = .44), fair agreement for K (ρc = .29), and slight agreement for LY30 (ρc = .04).ConclusionsThe TEG variables were significantly altered by kaolin activation; however, some agreement between sample types suggests a consistent bias. In citrated whole blood activated with kaolin, clot formation time is shortened and the amplitude of the tracing is increased, resulting in a TEG tracing that appears to indicate relative hypercoagulability compared with that obtained using native citrated whole blood samples.
Toward an Understanding of the Relationship Between Classroom Climate and Performance in Postsecondary French: An Application of the Classroom Climate Inventory
Authors: Gascoigne Carolyn 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between classroom climate and performance in postsecondary French as it is generated by student‐to‐student connections and interaction, rather than instructor‐to‐student interaction. The study applies an instrument originally developed to measure classroom climate in native language public speaking courses, entitled the Connected Classroom Climate Inventory, to the postsecondary context. Expanding upon a pilot study involving 33 participants, the present investigation involved 252 students across multiple levels of French language study. Classroom climate scores are examined across level of language study and compared to performance as measured by final course grades. Given the results of the literature review, the pilot, and present study, this article reapplies findings from research in small group dynamics to the language learning classroom.