Cardioprotective effect of the anti-ageing protein Klotho on ischemic heart disease
Authors: Vazquez S , Blasco A , Corredoira P , Cantolla P , Gonzalez-Lafuente L , Poveda J , Mercado-Garcia E , Gonzalez-Moreno D , Fernandez-Velasco M , Ruiz-Hurtado G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): ISCIII, Ministerio de Universidades, Education and Research Council of Madrid, Biomedicine Network Comunidad de Madrid

Background
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Among them, ischemic heart disease, due to myocardial infarction (MI) remains the first cause of cardiovascular death. The anti-ageing protein Klotho is mainly expressed in membrane at renal level. However, Klotho also has a soluble form with different pleiotropic functions that are still undetermined, including a possible cardioprotective role that is currently the target of several studies.

Purpose
Firstly, we evaluated circulating Klotho levels related to cardiac damage in a cohort of 146 patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and in an experimental post-myocardial infarction (PMI) model. Secondly, we investigated soluble Klotho supplementation as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention of cardiac dysfunction, deleterious remodeling, cardiomyocyte calcium (Ca2+) mishandling and arrhythmias in PMI mice.

Methods
Study with human samples: we analysed Klotho and NT-proBNP plasma levels in STEMIpatients with preserved renal function. Experimental study: C57BL6 mice subjected to PMI by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery were treated with vehicle solution or recombinant Klotho (10 mg/Kg/day) for 15 days after MI. Cardiac function was studied through non-invasive methods including electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Intracellular Ca2+ handling was analysed using confocal microscopy in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cardiac remodeling was studied through histological and biomolecular analysis of several markers of cardiac damage and target proteins involved in Ca2+ handling.

Results
Plasma Klotho levels decrease rapidly after MI in both STEMI patients and PMI mice. Additionally, MI patients in the lowest Klotho tertile showed significantly elevated NT-proBNP levels. Klotho treatment decreased the infarct area in PMI mice accompanied by a decrease in both cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Moreover, reduction in ejection fraction and MI-related ECG alterations were reduced in PMI mice treated with Klotho, including increased QRS, JT, QTc intervals and occurrence of premature ventricular contractions. Klotho also prevented systolic Ca2+ release and cell shortening disturbances in cardiomyocytes from PMI mice without Klotho. Increased diastolic Ca2+ leak was prevented in mice treated with Klotho via CaMKII-dependent pathway by avoiding its phosphorylation and the RyR2 phosphorylation at CaMKII site.

Conclusions
Klotho supplementation protect against MI by avoiding deleterious cardiac remodeling and ameliorating one of the main complications of MI such as arrhythmias. Thus, recombinant Klotho prevents the intracardiomyocyte Ca2+ mishandling after MI. Our translational findings support the importance of Klotho as a novel biomarker of ventricular damage just after MI and as a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention cardiac events associated to ischemic heart disease.