bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal renal vein thrombosis and prothrombotic risk
Authors: Harris SL , Smith MP , Laurie A , Darlow BA 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA case of extensive deep venous thrombosis in a four a day old infant was presented. Unusually this patient was shown to be heterozygous for three thrombophilia genes; Factor V Leiden, prothrombin and antithrombin gene mutations, the latter being novel.Conclusion: There are no randomized controlled trials to guide management in deep venous thrombosis in the newborn but knowledge of the prothrombotic risk factors may help direct treatment.
Immediate Rehabilitation of the Extremely Atrophic Mandible with Fixed Full‐Prosthesis Supported by Four Implants
Authors: Weinstein Roberto , Agliardi Enrico , Fabbro Massimo D. , Romeo Davide , Francetti Luca 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTPurpose: To prospectively assess the outcome of immediate rehabilitation of extremely atrophic mandibles by a full‐arch fixed bridge anchored to four implants.Material and Methods: Twenty patients with edentulous mandibles were included in the study. Each patient received a full‐arch fixed bridge supported by two axial and two distal tilted implants. Prosthetic loading was applied within 48 hours of surgery. Patients were scheduled for follow‐up every 6 months up to 2 years and annually until 5 years. Radiographic evaluation of marginal bone level change was performed at 1 year.Results: All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year (range 20–48 months, mean 30.1 months). No failures were recorded to date. The 1‐year implant survival rate and prosthesis success rate were 100%. Marginal bone loss around axial and tilted implants was similar at 12‐month evaluation, being, respectively, 0.6 ± 0.3 (standard deviation) mm and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm. High patient's level of satisfaction was recorded for function, phonetics, and aesthetics.Conclusion: This technique could be considered a viable treatment option for the rehabilitation of the atrophic mandible.
Effect of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin suggests abnormal palate development after palatal fusion
Authors: Imura Hideto , Yamada Tomohiro , Mishima Katsuaki , Fujiwara Kumiko , Kawaki Harumi , Hirata Azumi , Sogawa Norio , Ueno Takaaki , Sugahara Toshio 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTMouse embryos exposed to 2,3,7,8‐tetrachloridedibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) develop cleft palates and hydronephrosis. Cleft palates occur after TCDD exposure due to contact and/or fusion failure. We investigated whether cleft palate can be induced by dissociation of the palatine process after fusion. Pregnant mice on gestational day (GD) 12 were randomly divided into two groups: one group was administered through gastric tubes one dose of olive oil (control group) and the other group was administered one dose of TCDD diluted with olive oil, both at a dose of 40 µg/kg body weight. Embryos were removed by cesarean section from pregnant mice during the palatal formation stage (GD 13–18) and the palatal form was observed using a stereoscopic microscope. In TCDD‐exposed embryos, palatal fusion was observed on GD 14, 15 and 16 and the incidence of cleft palate was 100% on GD 18. Fusion rates were 17.5 ± 15.2% and 12.4 ± 11.8% on GD 15 and 16, respectively. Some palates from the TCDD‐exposed mouse embryos showed clearly developed cleft palate after fusion of the lateral palatine processes during palatal formation. A mass of cells, which were chiefly epithelial in the fused palates was observed in the TCDD‐exposed mouse embryos. A decrease in E‐cadherin expression was observed in this mass of cells, indicating its involvement in the development of cleft palate.
Effect of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 on bone formation in rabbit mandibular distraction models using β‐tricalcium phosphate
Authors: Higuchi Yusuke , Kabasawa Yuhji , Sato Masaru , Kikuchi Tsuyoshi , Aoki Kazuhiro , Ohya Keiichi , Maruoka Yutaka , Omura Ken 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) on the amount and period of new bone formation in rabbit mandibular distraction models using β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) as a bone graft substitute. Sixteen male Japanese White rabbits were divided into the following four experimental groups: 1, distraction alone; 2, distraction with β‐TCP granules; 3, distraction with rhFGF‐2 (25 µg/50 µL) injected into β‐TCP granules; and 4, distraction with rhFGF‐2 (100 µg/50 µL) injected into β‐TCP granules. The bones were harvested at 4 weeks after the operation and examined using soft radiography, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). The dissected mandibles were stained using the Villanueva bone staining method, and the amount of new bone formed, bioresorption of β‐TCP, and new blood vessel formation were morphometrically calculated using bone histomorphometry. Radiopaque areas were observed more frequently in the distracted area of groups 3 and 4. Micro‐CT analysis revealed partial new bone formation in the central region of the distracted area in groups 3 and 4. pQCT analysis revealed increased bone mineral density in groups 3 and 4. Histomorphometric analysis revealed increased newly formed bone and blood vessel areas in groups 3 and 4. In group 4, the number of osteoclasts around the β‐TCP granules had significantly increased. The present findings suggested that the combined use of rhFGF‐2 and β‐TCP reduced the treatment period for distraction osteogenesis and accelerated the formation of a new high‐quality bone.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, THERMAL AND VISCOELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TUBER STARCHES GROWING IN THE YUCATAN PENINSULA OF MEXICO
Authors: CHEL‐GUERRERO L. , CRUZ‐CERVERA G. , BETANCUR‐ANCONA D. , SOLORZA‐FERIA JAVIER 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT Optical microscopy, proximate analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and rheological oscillatory tests were done to evaluate the physical, thermal and rheological properties of starches isolated from the tubers makal (Xanthosoma yucatanensis), sweet potato (Ipomea batata), cassava (Manihot esculenta) and sago (Marantha arundinacea). Mean starch granule size ranged from 10.6 to 16.5 µm. Makal and sweet potato starch granules were spherical, cassava starch granules were spherical‐truncated and sago starch granules were polygonal. The proximate composition showed that overall, the starches studied were within the group of the normal ones, with low fat and protein content (<7%) and amylose content <30%. Gelatinization peak temperature range was 61.3 to 78.4C and enthalpy (ΔH) range was 9.2 to 14.9 J/g. The rheological profiles of all tuber starches exhibited viscoelastic gel‐like behavior with G′ (storage modulus) > G″ (loss modulus) at the tested amplitude and frequency ranges. Makal and sago starches are potentially useful in the manufacture of products requiring high processing temperatures. Sweet potato starch may have applications in food systems as a thickening and gelling agent, while cassava starch could be used to stabilize low viscosity foods.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSStarch is a fundamental element of human diets and is used extensively as a functional ingredient. However, despite a global production of 48.5 million tons/annum, part of the worldwide demand remains unmet, meaning new starch isolation sources are needed (FAOSTAT 2001). With worldwide cultivation of approximately fifty million hectares (CIAT 1997), roots and tubers play a significant role in the global food system and are a vital caloric source for people in many developing countries. In Mexico, the most common cultivated roots and tubers are cassava, potato, makal, sweet potato, sago and yam bean, all most frequently eaten in the country's southeastern states (Burgos‐Perez 2005), with scarce information available about its properties. When determining the potential uses of a starch in food systems, the chemical, thermal and rheological behaviors of its pastes and gels (Wang and White 1994) are most important. Thus, results of this study may decide specific application (thickening, flow and gelling agent) of local starches in the food industry.
Contemporary Endodontology
Authors: Spångberg Larz S. W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractClinical endodontics has made significant progress during this century. This lecture will critically review the major breakthroughs that have taken place during this period. The final judgement of the value of this progress, however, is the quality of care we can deliver to our patients. Although the advances have been impressive, there are also major disappointments and problems that need to be recognised. Looking at clinical endodontics today, there is clearly a dissonance between sound scientific knowledge and empirical clinical practice. It is important that these problems are recognised and that endodontic research and teaching are refocused. Only by decisive action can progress be assured for clinical endodontics and the prospect will be bright.
Part 3: But Doctor, My Ear Hurts
Authors: Kah Melissa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) can present as an array of symptoms that can mimic both odontogenic and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. Dentists need to be alert to the possibility of primary ENT disorders in patients who present with TMD symptoms, as should ENT physicians be familiar with the clinical presentation of TMD, especially in those patients who present with ENT symptoms but no sign of ENT disease.
The Problem Of Dentoalveolar Ankylosis And Subsequent Replacement Resorption In The Growing Patient
Authors: Andersson Lars , Malmgren Barbro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDentoalveolar ankylosis is a serious complication following injuries of the periodontal membrane in severe dental trauma such as avulsion and intrusion. The condition is a fusion of the alveolar bone with the tooth. The consequences of this condition are progressive resorption of the root with replacement by bone (replacement resorption) and arrested growth of the alveolar process in the growing patient. This article will present an overview of dentoalveolar ankylosis and replacement resorption and its problems, treatment options and prognosis. especially focusing on the growing patient.
Treatment Of Middle‐Apical Level Root Fracture In Necrotic Teeth
Authors: Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. , Santos Erlei. S. , Estrela Carlos , Saquy Paulo César , Pécora Jesus D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present two case reports of dental trauma with middle‐apical level root fractures and pulp necrosis. The treatment consisted of programmed applications of calcium hydroxide until a calcified barrier was formed at the fracture level. The technique presented here proved efficient in treating horizontal fractures at the middle and apical thirds of the root.
Management Of Acute Dento‐Alveolar Trauma – From The Viewpoint Of An Oral Surgeon
Authors: Kølsen Petersen Jens 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOral and maxillofacial surgeons often deal with acute dento‐alveolar trauma in hospital or practice surroundings. They are often called upon by dental colleagues to give their advice or help in a given situation of the acute trauma patient with dental or oral injuries. In this article, the practical viewpoints and clinical experiences of an oral surgeon are offered based upon many years of work in hospital emergency rooms around the world.
Management Of Post‐Treatment Endodontic Disease: A Current Concept Of Case Selection
Authors: Friedman Shimon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOver 30% of root filled teeth in the population present with endodontic infective disease, which has either persisted or emerged after treatment. Management of these “failed” cases is a challenge to the clinician, at the levels of diagnosis, case selection, communication and decision, and that is even before techniques are considered. Diagnosis should differentiate between endodontic and other aetiologies, and focus on the site of infection. Case selection should be based on how best to control the infection, but also on the benefit‐risk balance of the alternative treatment modalities, the attitudes of the patient and the capability of the clinician. All of the above must be communicated to the patient, who then should make the informed decision regarding the selected treatment. This article discusses the treatment rationale, diagnosis, case selection and communication related to post‐treatment endodontic disease.
Prevalence Of Prevotella Intermedia And Prevotella Nigrescens In Infected Root Canals From A Brazilian Population
Authors: Siqueira José , Rôças Isabela N. , Oliveira Julio Cezar M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in symptomatic and asymptomatic endodontic infections from a Brazilian population. DNA extracted from samples obtained from 28 cases of endodontic infection were examined by the 16S rDNA‐directed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. PCR detected P. intermedia in 7.1% of the cases (2 out of 28 teeth) and P. nigrescens in only one sample (3.6%). The low prevalence of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens as reported in the present study is probably justified for geographical reasons.
Apical Sealing Ability Of Five Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Siqueira José F. , Rĉças Isabela N. , Valois Caroline R.A. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTBecause apical leakage may be a cause of failure of endodontic treatment, the purpose of this study was to compare the apical seal provided by five endodontic sealers. After cleaning and shaping procedures, the root canals of 75 human cuspids were obturated by lateral condensation using guttapercha and the following sealers: Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Grossman's sealer, ThermaSeal, Sealer 26, and AH Plus. These root‐filled teeth were then maintained at 37°C and 100% humidity for two days. After immersion in a solution containing black India ink and fetal bovine serum for five days, the teeth were demineralised and rendered transparent. The extent of dye penetration was examined under a stereomicroscope. The results showed that Grossman's sealer exhibited significantly more leakage than the other sealers, except ThermaSeal. There was no significant difference between ThermaSeal and AH Plus. No significant differences were observed for Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer EWT when compared with either ThermaSeal or AH Plus. There was significantly less leakage for Sealer 26 when compared with the other sealers tested, except AH Plus.
Distribution Of The Mylohyoid Nerve: Anatomical Variability And Clinical Implications
Authors: Bennett Sam , Townsend Grant 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe mylohyoid nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve that provides motor supply to the mylohyoid and digastric muscles. Accessory innervation to the pulps of both anterior and posterior mandibular teeth by the sensory component of this nerve has been proposed to be one possible anatomical variation leading to failure of an inferior alveolar nerve block. The aim of this study was to trace the path of the mylohyoid nerve, from its origin in the infratemporal region to its terminal branches, in six human cadavers. Dissections of sagittally‐sectioned heads were performed using both medial and submandibular approaches. The anatomy of the mylohyoid nerve was variable in terms of its level of branching, course through the mylohyoid groove or canal, branch numbers to the mylohyoid and digastric muscles, and terminal branching in the submental region. In all cases the mylohyoid nerve was seen to pass down the medial surface of the ramus behind the sphenomandibular ligament.
Antifungal Effects Of Endodontic Medicaments
Authors: Siqueira José F. , Rĉças Isabela N. , Magalhäes Fernando A. C. , De Uzeda Milton 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe eradication of root canal infection is paramount in endodontic treatment. Because fungi are involved in some types of root canal infections, the purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal effects of several medicaments against the following selected fungal species: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida parapsilosis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The agar diffusion test was the method used. Calcium sulphate or zinc oxide in glycerin showed no inhibitory effects towards any selected fungal species. The pastes of calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide in camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CPMC)/glycerin showed the most pronounced antifungal effects. Calcium hydroxide in glycerin or chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine in a detergent also showed antifungal activity, which was, however, much lower than the pastes of calcium sulphate or calcium hydroxide in CPMC/glycerin. Strategies using medicaments that have antifungal effects may assist in the successful management of persistent or secondary endodontic infections caused by fungi.
Mechanisms Involved In The Resistance Of Enterococcus Faecalis To Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Evans M. , Davies J. K. , Sundqvist G. , Figdor David 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe species Enterococcus faecalis has been recovered in a high proportion of endodontic failures – approximately one‐third of failed cases with recoverable bacteria contain monoinfections of the microorganism. Eradication of E. faecalis from an infected root canal is difficult, which means that it is a significant clinical problem in endodontic treatment. E. faecalis is known to be resistant to the alkaline bactericidal effect of calcium hydroxide, yet the survival mechanisms of E. faecalis that enable it to tolerate exposure to the high pH of calcium hydroxide are poorly understood.Because endodontic treatment involves repeated or alternate use of antimicrobial agents at various stages, these conditions could adapt or ‘pre‐treat’ cells by eliciting a stress response that enhances their survival. An ability to mount a stress response involving synthesis of general or specific stress‐induced proteins is an important survival mechanism for many bacteria. The production of these stress‐induced proteins protects cells from adverse conditions, facilitating cell recovery when more favourable conditions are re‐established. This study sought to clarify the mechanisms that enable E. faecalis to survive the high pH of calcium hydroxide.MethodsE. faecalis strain JH2–2. was exposed to sub‐lethal concentrations of calcium hydroxide, with and without various pre‐treatments. Blocking agents were added to determine the role of stress‐induced protein synthesis and the cell wall‐associated proton pump.ResultsE. faecalis was resistant to calcium hydroxide at a pH of 11.1, but not pH 11.5. Pre‐treatment with calcium hydroxide pH 10.3 induced no tolerance to further exposure at pH 11.5. No difference in cell survival was observed when protein synthesis was blocked by Chloramphenicol during stress induction. However, addition of the proton pump inhibitor, CCCP, resulted in a dramatic reduction of cell viability of E. faecalis in calcium hydroxide.ConclusionsThis study confirmed that E. faecalis is resistant to killing by calcium hydroxide. An adaptive response in alkaline pH and stress‐induced protein synthesis do not play a role in cell survival. However, a functioning proton pump with the capacity to drive protons into the cell and acidify the cytoplasm is critical for survival of E. faecalis at high pH. These findings contribute to our understanding of the response by E. faecalis to the antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide and may open the possibility of novel approaches to address this clinical problem in endodontic treatment.
Challenges Influencing The Future Of Endodontics. New Technologies For Endodontic Education
Authors: Cohen Stephen 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe major challenge of contemporary dental education is teaching students to transfer their acquired knowledge from one setting to another. New technology‐based educational tools such as IMPACT, Interactive Multimedia Patient Case Tutor, developed at the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, can assist in this educational paradigm shift by teaching students basic science in the context of patient dental problems. The interactivity of technology as used in the IMPACT program links students' basic science knowledge base to the description, understanding and solution of patient problems.
Engine‐Driven Preparation Of Curved Root Canals: Measuring Cyclic Fatigue And Other Physical Parameters*
Authors: Peters Ove A. , Kappeler Stefan , Bucher Willi , Barbakow Fred 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn increasing number of engine‐driven rotary systems are marketed to shape root canals. Although these systems may improve the quality of canal preparations, the risk for instrument fracture is also increased. Unfortunately, the stresses generated in rotary instruments when shaping curved root canals have not been adequately studied. Consequently, the aim of an ongoing project was to develop a measurement platform that could more accurately detail physical parameters generated in a simulated clinical situation.Such a platform was constructed by fitting a torque‐measuring device between the rotating endodontic instrument and the motor driving it. Apically directed force and instrument insertion depth were also recorded. Additional devices were constructed to assess cyclic fatigue and static fracture loads.The current pilot study evaluated GT rotary instruments during the shaping of curved canals in plastic blocks as well as “ISO 3630–1 torque to fracture” and number of rotations required for fatigue fracture.Results indicated that torques in excess of 40Nmm were generated by rotary GT‐Files, a significantly higher figure than static fracture loads (less than 13Nmm for the size 20. 12 GT‐File). Furthermore, the number of rotations needed to shape simulated canals with a 5 mm radius of curvature in plastic blocks was 10 times lower than the number of rotations needed to fracture instruments in a “cyclic fatigue test”. Apical forces were always greater than IN, and in some specimens, scores of 8N or more were recorded.Further studies are required using extracted natural teeth, with their wide anatomical variation, in order to reduce the incidence of fracture of rotary instruments. In this way, the clinical potential of engine‐driven rotary instruments to safely prepare curved canals can be fully appreciated.
Vital Pulp Therapy In Cariously Exposed Permanent Teeth And Its Limitations
Authors: Ward Jeff 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVital pulp therapy for cariously exposed permanent teeth remains one of the most controversial areas in dentistry. Because a vital, functioning pulp is capable of initiating several defence mechanisms to protect the body from bacterial invasion, it is beneficial to preserve the vitality and health of an exposed pulp rather than replace it with a root filling material following pulp exposure. There is no consensus on the survival rate of formerly cariously exposed pulps. Observation time, judgement criteria, pulpotomy/pulp capping technique and, most importantly, pulpal status at the time of treatment, vary to a great extent amongst studies.In mature teeth, a pulp exposed by caries is usually removed and the root canals are cleaned, shaped and filled. Amongst the methods for preservation of a cariously exposed pulp, partial pulpotomy has yielded a markedly high success rate in young teeth. Major limitations in the success of vital pulp therapy in cariously exposed permanent teeth exist. The lack of predictability and long‐term success greatly influence decision‐making. The decision‐making itself is unreliable primarily due to the difficulty of accurately diagnosing the ability of the pulp to repair.While there are indications for vital pulp therapy in young permanent molars, it must be remembered that ultimately, none of these procedures enjoy the long‐term success of complete root canal therapy.