bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Genetic Changes: Evaluating Effective Population Size Estimates in a Comprehensively Described Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Population
Authors: Serbezov Dimitar , Jorde Per Erik , Bernatchez Louis , Olsen Esben Moland , Vøllestad L Asbjørn 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe effective population size (Ne) is notoriously difficult to accurately estimate in wild populations as it is influenced by a number of parameters that are difficult to delineate in natural systems. The different methods that are used to estimate Ne are affected variously by different processes at the population level, such as the life-history characteristics of the organism, gene flow, and population substructure, as well as by the frequency patterns of genetic markers used and the sampling design. Here, we compare Ne estimates obtained by different genetic methods and from demographic data and elucidate how the estimates are affected by various factors in an exhaustively sampled and comprehensively described natural brown trout (Salmo trutta) system. In general, the methods yielded rather congruent estimates, and we ascribe that to the adequate genotyping and exhaustive sampling. Effects of violating the assumptions of the different methods were nevertheless apparent. In accordance with theoretical studies, skewed allele frequencies would underestimate temporal allele frequency changes and thereby upwardly bias Ne if not accounted for. Overlapping generations and iteroparity would also upwardly bias Ne when applied to temporal samples taken over short time spans. Gene flow from a genetically not very dissimilar source population decreases temporal allele frequency changes and thereby acts to increase estimates of Ne. Our study reiterates the importance of adequate sampling, quantification of life-history parameters and gene flow, and incorporating these data into the Ne estimation.
Population Genetics Models of Local Ancestry
Authors: Gravel Simon 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMigrations have played an important role in shaping the genetic diversity of human populations. Understanding genomic data thus requires careful modeling of historical gene flow. Here we consider the effect of relatively recent population structure and gene flow and interpret genomes of individuals that have ancestry from multiple source populations as mosaics of segments originating from each population. This article describes general and tractable models for local ancestry patterns with a focus on the length distribution of continuous ancestry tracts and the variance in total ancestry proportions among individuals. The models offer improved agreement with Wright–Fisher simulation data when compared to the state-of-the art and can be used to infer time-dependent migration rates from multiple populations. Considering HapMap African-American (ASW) data, we find that a model with two distinct phases of “European” gene flow significantly improves the modeling of both tract lengths and ancestry variances.
A Sociotechnical Approach to Evaluating the Impact of ICT on Clinical Care Environments
Authors: Li Julie 
Published: April 2012

Introduction: Process-supporting information technology holds the potential to increase efficiency, reduce errors, and alter professional roles and responsibilities in a manner which allows improvement in the delivery of patient care. However, clashes between the model of health care work inscribed in these tools with the actual nature of work has resulted in staff resistance and decreased organisational uptake of ICT, as well as the facilitation of unexpected and negative effects in efficiency and patient safety. Sociotechnical theory provides a paradigm against which workflow and transfusion of ICT in healthcare could be better explored and understood.Design: This paper will conceptualise a formative, multi-method longitudinal evaluation process to explore the impact of ICT with an appreciation of the relationship between the social and technical systems within a clinical department.Method: Departmental culture, including clinical work processes and communication patterns will be thoroughly explored before system implementation using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings will be compared with post implementation data, which will incorporate measurement of safety and workflow efficiency indicators.Discussion: Sociotechnical theory provides a paradigm against which workflow and transfusion of ICT in healthcare could be better explored and understood. However, sociotechnical and multimethod approaches to evaluation do not exist without criticism. Inherent in the protocol are limitations of sociotechnical theory and criticism of the multimethod approach; testing of the methodology in real clinical settings will serve to verify efficacy and refine the process.
Developmental Task Attainment in Adolescents from Families with a Recovering Alcoholic or Active Alcoholic Father
Authors: Grzegorzewska Iwona , Cierpiałkowska Lidia 
Published: April 2012

Developmental Task Attainment in Adolescents from Families with a Recovering Alcoholic or Active Alcoholic Father
The problem under consideration is the issue of adolescent developmental tasks in families with alcohol-related problems, especially in families which contain one or more treated alcoholics. In the present work it was hypothesised that the treatment of alcoholic fathers would be one of the more important protective factors in families coping with alcoholism. The participants of the study included 91 children, aged 17-18. The research sample was comprised of three groups: 31 children of active alcoholics, 30 children of treated alcoholics, and 30 children of non-alcoholic parents. In general, the results of the study highlight the roles of temperament and parenting practices in the progress of developmental tasks. The data revealed that family characteristics were correlated to the predictors of these tasks. The groups used in the study were differed according to the factors of their developmental tasks.
Weldability Investigations of AlCuMg Alloys for Extrusion Welding
Authors: Leśniak D. 
Published: April 2012

Weldability Investigations of AlCuMg Alloys for Extrusion Welding
The extrusion of hollow shapes from high strength aluminum alloys with the use of porthole dies encounters, in practice, great difficulties, mainly due to the poor weldability of these materials and the high forces needed to conduct the process. In the work, an original method and a special device are presented, which enable to determine the welding conditions of hard deformable aluminum alloys. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it simulates the conditions occurring in the welding chamber of the porthole dies. The weldability tests were performed for the 2024 alloy with extreme contents of Cu and Mg, in a wide range of welding temperatures and pressures. The microstructure and the seam welds' strength were also examined. The welding conditions for 2024 alloy, which allowed for obtaining high-quality seam welds were determined. The parameter describing the ability to weld was defined as the stress necessary for the welding to the yield stress ratio (σw/k) and was determined for the analyzed alloys. The obtained welding stress values will be the basis for the porthole die design.
The effects of biological and chemical controls on fungal communities colonising tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants and soil
Authors: Cwalina-Ambroziak Bożena , Nowak Maciej 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Tomato plants (Rumba Ożarowska cultivar) grown in the greenhouse of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn were treated with the biological control agent Polyversum WP, the growth promoter Biochikol 020 PC, the growth regulator Asahi SL, a mycorrhizal inoculum, and the fungicide Bravo 500 SC. Untreated plants served as the control. After fruit harvest, soil, stem and root samples were collected, and fungi were isolated in the laboratory. The applied biological and chemical control agents effectively reduced the abundance of fungi, including pathogenic species, colonising tomato plants and soil. The fungicide Bravo 500 SC showed the highest efficacy. Amongst the biological control agents, Biochikol 020 PC and the mycorrhizal inoculum were most effective in controlling stem colonisation by pathogens, while Polyversum WP offered the best protection of tomato roots and soil.
« Auprès de ma blonde... »
Authors: Martin Denis-Constant 
Published: April 2012

Résumé Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la notion d’identité a été de plus en plus fréquemment utilisée dans des travaux portant sur la musique, sans que le sens qui lui est donné et les fonctions qui lui sont attribuées soient toujours précisément définis. Cet article voudrait contribuer à clarifier les rapports qu’entretiennent musique et configuration identitaire. Sur la base de travaux portant tant sur la théorie des identités que sur les identités en musique, il suggère que les significations sociales, donc identitaires, de la musique doivent être appréhendées dans les relations entre production, réception et matière musicale elle-même. La musique n’étant pas un langage mais un système symbolique aux interprétants infinis, elle est susceptible d’un grand nombre d’interprétations variables selon les situations et les enjeux ; son utilisation en politique suppose par conséquent des opérations de façonnage spécifiques.
Geophysical and geotechnical investigations to support the restoration project of the Roman ‘Villa del Casale’, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy
Authors: Capizzi P. , Martorana R. , Messina P. , Cosentino P.L. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA multidisciplinary geophysical and geotechnical study, including some non‐invasive geophysical applications, was carried out during the restoration of the ‘Villa del Casale’, a Roman villa discovered near Piazza Armerina (Sicily, Italy) in 1929, famous for its Roman floor mosaics. The project aims were to characterize the geology of the subsoil and provide information for solving the main building structural problems including the subsidence of some parts of the floor and the detachment of the tesserae (i.e., the tiles) of the mosaics. Another goal was the detailed study of the underground structures of the Corridor of the Great Hunt, a part of the villa strongly affected by subsidence and detachment of mosaics.The acquisition of geotechnical and geophysical surveys, including core drillings, time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) soundings, downhole seismic logs and a seismic refraction profile, allowed the reconstruction of the geometry of geological formations below the villa to be ascertained, especially with regard to the top of the bedrock. The results suggest the presence of a buried riverbed that has been identified as the main cause of the villa floor subsidence.The study of the Corridor of the Great Hunt involved full 3D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and 3D ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data acquisition using 100 MHz, 400 MHz and 1600 MHz antennas, as well as the above mentioned refraction seismic profile. Data acquisition required the use of special non‐invasive sensors to avoid any damage to the mosaics. The integrated inversion of all the data and the comparison between the resulting 3D resistivity model and 400 MHz GPR depth‐slices allowed the identification of many shallow anomalies to be identified, including some pipes for water drainage and a reinforced concrete basement placed under the floor during a previous restoration intervention. 100 MHz GPR profiles validated the results of the seismic refraction profile model. Finally, 1600 MHz GPR depth‐slices, in the most subsided zone, allowed the location of air bubbles under the mosaic to be identified.This work shows that the integrated use of different geophysical techniques for archaeological purposes, especially if constrained by direct explorations, greatly reduced the intrinsic uncertainties of each method. Moreover, customizing standard geophysical equipment to avoid any damage is essential when working on protected cultural heritage.
Occurrence of shallow gas in the easternmost Lago Fagnano (Tierra del Fuego)
Authors: Lodolo E. , Baradello L. , Darbo A. , Caffau M. , Tassone A. , Lippai H. , Lodolo A. , De Zorzi G. , Grossi M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTHigh‐resolution seismic profiles acquired in the eastern sector of Lago Fagnano, the southernmost ice‐free lake in the world, have shown the presence of very shallow gas‐bearing layers in the upper sedimentary sequences. The gas‐related features observed on seismic profiles include a typical, very strong reflection with reversed polarity, multiple reflections and acoustic blanking that hide subsurface sedimentary and structural features. The top of the acoustically high‐amplitude layer is located between 0.3–1.7 m below the lake floor. It generally forms a sharp boundary, often marked by a varying offset probably due to different levels of gas penetration, which could be related to the lithology of the overlying sediments. To confirm the presence of gas, some gravity cores were recovered in places where the blanking effect was most relevant and in the supposed gas‐free zone. Sediment core analyses have highlighted the occurrence of significant organic‐rich components within the uppermost, largely unconsolidated sedimentary layers, in correspondence of the seismically‐detected gassy zone, whereas only a few organic layers were found in the gas‐free zone. We assume that the main origin of gas is linked to the presence of a shallow, thin peat‐rich layer of Middle‐Late Holocene age. In fact, the mapped gassy zone occurs in correspondence of the outlet of the Rio Turbio, the principal tributary of Lago Fagnano, which discharges waters coming from a relatively small sag pond located immediately to the east of the eastern shore of the lake. To date, this is the first evidence of shallow gas in Tierra del Fuego lakes.
Constitutive Nuclear Localization of NFAT in Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Independent of Calcineurin Activity
Authors: Li Qiuxia , Shakya Arvind , Guo Xiaohua , Zhang Hongbo , Tantin Dean , Jensen Peter E. , Chen Xinjian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFoxp3 plays an essential role in conferring suppressive functionality to CD4+/Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Although studies showed that Foxp3 has to form cooperative complexes with NFAT to bind to target genes, it remains unclear whether NFAT is available in the nucleus of primary Tregs for Foxp3 access. It is generally believed that NFAT in resting cells resides in the cytoplasm, and its nuclear translocation depends on calcineurin (CN) activation. We report that a fraction of NFAT protein constitutively localizes in the nucleus of primary Tregs, where it selectively binds to Foxp3 target genes. Treating Tregs with CN inhibitor does not induce export of NFAT from the nucleus, indicating that its nuclear translocation is independent of CN activity. Consistently, Tregs are resistant to CN inhibitors in the presence of IL-2 and continue to proliferate in response to anti-CD3 stimulation, whereas proliferation of non-Tregs is abrogated by CN inhibitors. In addition, PMA, which activates other transcription factors required for T cell activation but not NFAT, selectively induces Treg proliferation in the absence of ionomycin. TCR interaction with self-MHC class II is not required for PMA-induced Treg proliferation. Tregs expanded by PMA or in the presence of CN inhibitors maintain Treg phenotype and functionality. These findings shed light on Treg biology, paving the way for strategies to selectively activate Tregs.
IL-22 Is Expressed by the Invasive Trophoblast of the Equine (Equus caballus) Chorionic Girdle
Authors: Brosnahan Margaret M. , Miller Donald C. , Adams Mackenzie , Antczak Douglas F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe invasive trophoblast cells of the equine placenta migrate into the endometrium to form endometrial cups, dense accumulations of trophoblast cells that produce equine chorionic gonadotropin between days 40 and 120 of normal pregnancy. The mechanisms by which the trophoblast cells invade the endometrium while evading maternal immune destruction are poorly defined. A gene expression microarray analysis performed on placental tissues obtained at day 34 of gestation revealed a &gt;900-fold upregulation of mRNA encoding the cytokine IL-22 in chorionic girdle relative to noninvasive chorion. Quantitative RT-PCR assays were used to verify high expression of IL-22 in chorionic girdle. Additional quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a striking increase in IL-22 mRNA expression in chorionic girdle from days 32 to 35 and an absence of IL-22 expression in other conceptus tissues. Bioinformatic analysis and cDNA sequencing confirmed the predicted length of horse IL-22, which carries a 3′ extension absent in IL-22 genes of humans and mice, but present in the cow and pig. Our discovery of IL-22 in the chorionic girdle is a novel finding, as this cytokine has been previously reported in immune cells only. IL-22 has immunoregulatory functions, with primary action on epithelial cells. mRNA of IL-22R1 was detected in pregnant endometrium at levels similar to other equine epithelia. Based upon these findings, we hypothesize that IL-22 cytokine produced by the chorionic girdle binds IL-22R1 on endometrium, serving as a mechanism of fetal-maternal communication by modulating endometrial responses to trophoblast invasion.
Existence of an Exact Walrasian Equilibrium in Nonconvex Economies
Authors: D’Agata Antonio 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The existence of an exact Walrasian equilibrium in nonconvex economies is still a largely unexplored issue. This paper shows that such an equilibrium exists in nonconvex economies by following the ‘nearby economy’ approach introduced by Postlewaite and Schmeidler (Approximate Walrasian Equilibrium and Nearby Economies, 1981) for convex economies. More precisely, the paper shows that any equilibrium price of the convexified version of a nonconvex economy is an equilibrium price also for a set of ‘perturbed’ economies with the same number of agents. It shows that in this set there are economies that differ from the original economy only as regards preferences or initial endowments.
Assessment of fat quality during storage chicken meat
Authors: Tkáčová Jana , Angelovičová Maria 
Published: April 2012

The aim of study was assessment of fat quality in chicken meat during storage. The experiment verified the quality of fat as the fat acid number. The experiment was performed on the final fattening type of chickens ROSS 308. Chickens were fed by 2% lucerne meal in feed mixture. The carcass was stored in a freezer box at -18 °C after killing. Fat analysis was carried out after 12 and 15 months of storage. Acid number after 12 months storage was ranged from 5.97 to 8.39 mg KOH.g-1 fat, after 15 months, was ranged from 3.26 to 7.80 mg KOH.g-1 fat. The differences between values ​​of acid number and storage periods of chicken meat (12 and 15 months) was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). The results indicate a tendency for increased intensity fat the oxidation processes depending on storage length chicken meat. We recommend to assessment other indicators of chemical changes for example peroxide value for confirmation the hypothesis.
Quantitative and structural changes of testis and semen quality parameters changes caused by peroral administration of diazinon in rats
Authors: Cabaj Michal , Toman Róbert , Adamkovičová Mária , Massányi Peter , Šiška Branislav , Lukáč Norbert , Golian Jozef , Hluchý Sví¤toslav 
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to find the quantitative and structural changes in the rat testis and changes of semen quality after a diazinon administration. METHODS: Rats received diazinon (99% purity) in thier drinking water (40 mg.l-1) with free access. Age of rats at the beginning of the experiment was 30 days and experiment lasted for next 90 days. The histological samples were evaluated by histological and morphometric methods in light microscopy and the samples of semen were evaluated with CASA method. RESULTS: Disintergation of cellular associations in the seminiferous epithelium, germ cells evacuation into the tubule lumen and thier necrosis were mostly observed. Rarely vacuolisation and cracks of epithelium and fibrotisation of interstitial tissue were noted. Morphometric methods have shown extension of epithelium (P<0,01), reduction of tubule lumen (P<0,001) and dilatation of blood vessels (P<0,001). In CASA analysis elevation of all parameters were noted, with statistically significant increase of DSL, VSL, ALH. Dilatation of blood vessels will be probably one of the most significant finding in diazinon toxicity because changes in blood flow in the testis are the key factors of accurate physiological function of testis. The epithelium despite the serious disintegration of germ cells associations and release of these necrotised germ cells to the lumen was significantly extended. This fact indicates the self-reparation compensational function. The same tendency (stimulation effects) has been found in all analysed sperm parameters. It supports previous hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS: Diazinon in this design of experiment causes the disintegration of the germinal epithelium cells associations consequently leading to necrosis and release of these cells to the tubule lumen. Dilatation of blood vessels and unknown stimulation effect on sperm quality parameters are two other common effects of diazinon. We concluded that diazinon in our subchronic low dose test causes middle to moderate histological, morphometric and semen quality changes which were partially compensated with some unknown recovery mechanism. Otherwise, subcellular structures and their functions may be damaged which can lead to subfertility. Further investigation of diazinon is needed for verification of our hypothesis.
Tratamiento quirúrgico y complicaciones de lesiones esofágicas; estudio de casos en Hospital Escuela, Honduras
Authors: Editorial Comité , Rivera Martha Ayes , Valiadares Francisco Ayes 
Published: April 2012

OBJETIVO: Establecer la prevalencia, el manejo quirúrgico, así como la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a lesiones esofágicasPACIENTES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo transversal que involucró a los pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Urgencias Quirúrgicas del Hospital Escuela entre el 1º de enero de 2008 y el 30 de junio de 2010 con diagnóstico de lesión esofágica. Se aplicó un Instrumento de recolección de datos clínicos y de manejo del paciente. Los resultados se presentan como frecuencias y porcentajes de las variables estudiadas utilizando el sistema de proceso de datos EPI.INFO 3.5.1RESULTADOS. Se incluyeron en el estudio 11 casos de pacientes con lesiones esofágicas que se manejaron en el servicio de urgencias quirúrgicas del Hospital Escuela, la mayoría de los casos se dio en el sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 29 años. La principal etiología de estas lesiones fue la herida por arma de fuego en el 64% de los casos y secundaria a cuerpos extraños (placa dental) en el 27%. La zona anatómica más afectada fue la porción cervical en un 64% seguida de la torácica; el grado de lesión esofágica más frecuente fue la de grado III manejada en la mayoría de los casos mediante cierre primario. La exclusión esofágica se realizó en el 36.4% de los casos y esto a consecuencia del daño tisular y el grado de contaminación encontrado al momento del procedimiento quirúrgico. Los estudios de imagen realizados para la detección de estas lesiones fueron la radiografía cervical y torácica y el esófagograma, en ninguno de los casos se realizó endoscopia.La principal complicación de estas lesiones fue la mediastinitis que llevó a la muerte a 4 de los pacientes de esta serie.CONCLUSIÓN. Al igual que en otros países las lesiones esofágicas son raras, su sintomatología vaga hace que en ocasiones pasen desapercibidas, sin embargo la alta letalidad de sus complicaciones hace necesario su manejo oportuno.. Establecer la prevalencia, el manejo quirúrgico, así como la morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a lesiones esofágicas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rmpm.v13i3.623Revista de los Postgrados de Medicina UNAH Vol. 13 N° 3 Agosto-Octubre 2010