bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specifying and provisioning virtual infrastructures with HIPerNET
Authors: Anhalt Fabienne , Koslovski Guilherme , Primet Pascale Vicat‐Blanc 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWith the expansion and convergence of communication and computing, dynamic provisioning of customized networking and processing infrastructures, as well as resource virtualization, are appealing concepts and technologies. Therefore, new models and tools are needed to allow users to create, trust and enjoy such on‐demand virtual infrastructures within a wide area context. This paper presents the HIPerNET framework we are designing and developing for creating, managing and controlling virtual infrastructures in the context of high‐speed Internet. The key idea of this proposal is the combination of network‐ and system‐virtualization associated with controlled resource reservation to provide fully isolated environments. HIPerNET's motivations and design principles are presented. Then we examine specifically how this framework handles the virtual infrastructures, called Virtual Private eXecution Infrastructures (VPXI). To help specifying customized isolated infrastructures, HIPerNET relies on VXDL, a language for VPXI description and modeling which considers end‐host resource as well as the virtual network topology interconnecting them, including virtual routers. After the specification, allocation and scheduling phases, HIPerNET helps in provisioning, deploying and configuring virtual private execution infrastructures. This means, it triggers the dynamic configuration of all the equipments involved. In this paper we concentrate on network configuration, particularly to achieve network performance isolation. We also study and evaluate mechanisms to implement and configure virtual‐link control. Experimental results obtained within the Grid'5000 testbed are presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data maximization by multipass analysis of protein mass spectra
Authors: Tharakan Ravi , Edwards Nathan , Graham David R. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWith the proliferation of search engines for the analysis of MS data, multisearch techniques aimed at boosting the discriminating power of the search engines' score functions have recently become popular. Much statistical and algorithmic work has been done, therefore, in order to be able to combine and parse multiple search streams. However, multisearch techniques suffer from long run times, and may have little impact on false negatives because of similar peptide filtering heuristics between searches. This review focuses, rather, on multipass techniques, which use the results of one search to guide the selection of spectra, parameters and sequences in subsequent searches. This reduces the number of false‐negative peptide identifications due to peptide candidate filtering while preserving statistical significance of existing (correct) identifications. Furthermore, this technique avoids substantial increases in running time and, by limiting the search space, does not reduce the statistical significance of correct identifications or introduce a statistically significant number of false‐positive identifications. However, we argue that the existing combiner tools are not reliably applicable to these multipass situations, because of algorithmic assumptions about search space and statistical assumptions about the rate of true positives. Here we provide an overview of the advantages of and issues in multipass analysis techniques, the existing methods and workflows available to proteomic researchers, and the unsolved statistical and algorithmic issues amenable to future research.
A fatal case of cough
Authors: Bossley C.J. , Hogg C. , Stoneham S. , Jacques T.S. , Bush A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDysfunctional swallowing is an uncommon, but important cause of bronchiectasis. We describe a child with a brainstem tumor, who developed bronchiectasis caused by chronic aspiration secondary to a dysfunctional swallow. The case highlights the importance of thorough and repeated evaluation before a diagnosis of idiopathic bronchiectasis is made. If dysfunctional swallow is found further investigation to ascertain the cause is indicated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:205–207. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystic fibrosis lung disease starts in the small airways: Can we treat it more effectively?
Authors: Tiddens Harm A.W.M. , Donaldson Scott H. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Paré Peter D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aims of this article are to summarize existing knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of small airways disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), to speculate about additional mechanisms that might play a role, and to consider the available or potential options to treat it. In the first section, we review the evidence provided by pathologic, physiologic, and imaging studies suggesting that obstruction of small airways begins early in life and is progressive. In the second section we discuss how the relationships between CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), ion transport, the volume of the periciliary liquid layer and airway mucus might lead to defective mucociliary clearance in small airways. In addition, we discuss how chronic endobronchial bacterial infection and a chronic neutrophilic inflammatory response increase the viscosity of CF secretions and exacerbate the clearance problem. Next, we discuss how the mechanical properties of small airways could be altered early in the disease process and how remodeling can contribute to small airways disease. In the final section, we discuss how established therapies impact small airways disease and new directions that may lead to improvement in the treatment of small airways disease. We conclude that there are many reasons to believe that small airways play an important role in the pathophysiology of (early) CF lung disease. Therapy should be aimed to target the small airways more efficiently, especially with drugs that can correct the basic defect at an early stage of disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:107–117. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystallographically oriented high resolution lithography of graphene nanoribbons by STM lithography
Authors: Dobrik G. , Tapasztó L. , Nemes‐Incze P. , Lambin Ph. , Biró L. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDue to its exciting physical properties and sheet‐like geometry graphene is in the focus of attention both from the point of view of basic science and of potential applications. In order to fully exploit the advantage of the sheet‐like geometry very high resolution, crystallographicaly controlled lithography has to be used. Graphene is a zero gap semiconductor, so that a field effect transistor (FET) will not have an “off” state unless a forbidden gap is created. Such a gap can be produced confining the electronic wave functions by etching narrow graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) typically of a few nanometers in width and with well defined crystallographic orientation. We developed the first lithographic method able to achieve GNRs that have both nanometer widths and well defined crystallographic orientation. The lithographic process is carried out by the local oxidation of the sample surface under the tip of a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Crystallographic orientation is defined by acquiring atomic resolution images of the surface to be patterned. The cutting of trenches with controlled depth and of a few nanometer in width, folding and manipulation of single graphene layers is demonstrated. The narrowest GNR cut by our method is of 2.5 nm width, scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) showed that it has a gap of 0.5 eV, comparable to that of germanium, which allows room temperature operation of graphene nanodevices.
Role of the growth parameters on the structural order of MWCNTs produced by arc discharge in liquid nitrogen
Authors: Bagiante Salvatore , Scalese Silvia , Scuderi Viviana , D'Urso Luisa , Messina Elena , Compagnini Giuseppe , Privitera Vittorio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report a systematic study of the synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by arc‐discharge in liquid nitrogen (LN2). The effect of the variation of the experimental parameters, such as size of electrodes and discharge current, on the formation of nanostructures has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. We found that an increase in the electrode size and/or in the discharge current determines a better quality of the nanotubes, as shown by the reduction of the ID/IG ratio in the Raman spectra. In some experimental conditions radial breathing modes (RBMs) have been observed and attributed to nanotubes with small innermost tube diameters.
Characterizations of nanostructured silicon‐carbon films deposited on p‐layer by PECVD
Authors: Coscia U. , Ambrosone G. , Basa D. K. , Ferrero S. , Veneri P. Delli , Mercaldo L. V. , Usatii I. , Tucci M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanostructured silicon carbon films composed of silicon nanocrystallites embedded in the amorphous silicon carbon matrix are prepared by a rf‐PECVD system at 250 °C from silane and methane gas mixture highly diluted in hydrogen onto 7059 Corning glass and p‐layer deposited on tin oxide substrates by varying rf power from 25 to 65 W. The structural and compositional properties of the films have been investigated. The study demonstrates that rf power controls the crystalline fraction as well as the silicon crystallite size and that p‐layer/tin oxide structure enhances the nucleation of silicon grains as compared to Corning glass (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of structural properties of high‐rate deposited SiNx films prepared at low temperatures (100–300 °C) by atmospheric‐pressure plasma CVD
Authors: Yamaguchi Y. , Nakamura K. , Ohmi H. , Kakiuchi H. , Yasutake K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the structural properties of silicon nitride (SiNx) films deposited at low temperatures (100–300 °C with very high rates (>50 nm/s) in atmospheric‐pressure He/H2/SiH4/NH3 plasma excited by a 150 MHz very high‐frequency (VHF) power using a cylindrical rotary electrode. For this purpose, SiNx films are prepared on Si(001) wafers varying NH3/SiH4 ratio, H2 concentration in the plasma and substrate temperature (Tsub). Infrared absorption spectroscopy is used to analyze the bonding configurations of Si, N and H atoms in the films. It is shown that by decreasing NH3/SiH4 ratio or increasing H2 concentration, Si–N and Si–H bond densities increase, while N–H bond density decreases. A reasonably good‐quality film showing a BHF etching rate of 28 nm/min and a refractive index of 1.81 is obtained at Tsub = 300 °C despite the very high deposition rate of 166 nm/s. However, it is found that the decrease in Tsub causes the deterioration of film quality. Further surface excitation by increasing VHF power and/or H2 concentration together with the optimization of other deposition parameters will be needed to form high‐quality SiNx films with high rates at lower temperatures (Tsub ≤ 100 °C). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Balanced dynamics in the Tropics
Authors: Verkley W.T.M. , van der Velde I.R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor the shallow‐water equations on an equatorial beta plane, the properties of low‐frequency Rossby waves and (mixed) Rossby–gravity waves are investigated. It is shown that in the low‐frequency limit the horizontal divergence of these solutions is zero and their geopotential satisfies φ = fψ, where f = βy is the Coriolis parameter and ψ is the stream function of the non‐divergent velocity field. This type of balance is rather different from the geostrophic balance satisfied by Kelvin waves. It can be used to formulate a balanced potential vorticity equation in the single variable ψ that, while filtering out Kelvin waves and inertia–gravity waves, exactly reproduces Rossby waves and Rossby–gravity waves in the low‐frequency limit. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The onset of precipitation in warm cumulus clouds: An observational case‐study
Authors: Burnet Frédéric , Brenguier Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractData collected with a ground radar and an instrumented aircraft during the Small Cumulus Microphysics Study (SCMS) are analysed to examine the physical processes that control the onset of precipitation. On 10 August 1995, the Météo‐France Merlin‐IV successively sampled the core of the top cell in three convective clouds, following the cells from their initial stage of young vigorous ascending turrets up to their decaying stage. Simultaneous range–height indicator (RHI) scans were also performed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research CP2 radar.Although the three clouds showed similar values of the droplet number concentrations and were able to generate precipitation embryos, the first two collapsed after reaching an altitude of 3 km above sea level, without producing any precipitation, while the third one reached a higher level of 4 km and produced significant precipitation. This case‐study illustrates how sensitive the onset of precipitation is to cloud dynamics, revealing that in a conditionally unstable atmosphere hardly noticeable changes in cloud thermodynamics and microphysics may lead to major changes in cloud vertical development and precipitation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Model‐based approaches for time‐dependent dose finding with repeated binary data
Authors: Benda Norbert 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe goal of a clinical Phase II dose finding study is to describe the dose response relationship and to find a target dose (TD) or dose range that ensures a certain efficacy. In many applications, however, it is useful to consider combinations of dose and time under treatment instead of the dose only. The estimation of a minimum effective dose as a function of time allows, e.g. for a decision on an optimal initial treatment duration, if this initial treatment is followed by a maintenance therapy or aftercare which is supposed to start when a certain response rate is achieved. Bretz et al. (Biometrics 2005; 61:738–748) proposed a methodology that combines formal hypothesis testing for dose response with flexible modeling of the dose response relationship and estimating a target dose. In this paper a framework is proposed that allows for an extension of this methodology to a procedure that takes into account both, dose and time under treatment based on repeated binary data. A set of nonlinear mixed effects models is considered. The primary goal of such a study is the estimation of a minimum effective dose defined by the marginal probability, either in absolute terms or relative to placebo, as a function of time.Examples for the TD as a function of time are given under specific model assumptions using a response function which depends on a cumulated dose response over time. The proposed models are illustrated by a case study on the treatment of psoriasis. The precision of the TD estimation as given by its standard error and bias are presented under different dose–response models and scenarios. The precision conditioned on the correct underlying model shape is contrasted with the precision of a procedure that incorporates a model selection step after which the TD is estimated using the selected model, and with the precision obtained under a misspecified model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OSMOSE: automatic structural testing of executables
Authors: Bardin Sébastien , Herrmann Philippe 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVerification is usually performed on a high‐level view of the software, either specification or program source code. However, in certain circumstances verification is more relevant when performed at the machine‐code level. This paper focuses on automatic test data generation from a stand‐alone executable. Low‐level analysis is much more difficult than high‐level analysis since even the control‐flow graph is not available and bit‐level instructions have to be modelled faithfully. The paper shows how ‘path‐based’ structural test data generation can be adapted from structured language to machine code, using both state‐of‐the‐art technologies and innovative techniques. The results have been implemented in a tool named OSMOSE and encouraging experiments have been conducted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic Frame Analysis: Providing the “evidence” for evidence‐based communications
Authors: Manuel Tiffany , Davey Lynn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article describes the five major phases of research associated with Strategic Frame Analysis, an approach to communications research and practice that advances new ways of pursuing social change of entrenched and complex social problems. This multimethod approach is characterized by multidisciplinary and iterative research techniques that give emphasis to empirical testing of potential frame effects. The logic behind this constellation of methods and the order in which they are taken up in the research cycle is discussed as an introduction to the articles that follow that review specific parts of the research trajectory.
From research to practice: Communications for social change
Authors: Davey Lynn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhat happens when the research inquiry is complete and has determined which reframes will be most successful in improving public understanding of an issue and advancing policy goals? Simple dissemination of research findings is not sufficient to improve the communications capacity of the field. The author explains how cognitive science and social movements literatures form the foundation of this field‐building practice of strategic framing pedagogy.
Predictive Factors Improving Survival After Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Hioki Masayoshi , Gotohda Naoto , Konishi Masaru , Nakagohri Toshio , Takahashi Shinichiro , Kinoshita Taira 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to review prognosis following gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and to identify predictive factors for improving survival after gastrectomy in this setting.MethodsRecords of all patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination in our center between 1993 and 2004 were reviewed.ResultsData of 101 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination were available. Peritoneal dissemination was classified as P1, metastasis to the adjacent peritoneum in 34 patients; P2, a few scattered metastases to the adjacent peritoneum in 13 patients; and P3, numerous metastases in 54 patients. Nineteen patients sustained 21 adverse events. Overall survival was significantly improved for those in the P1 and P2 groups compared with that for the P3 group (median of 18 months and 15 months vs. 9 months; P < 0.001). Seven factors were significant for overall survival: peritoneal carcinomatosis, peritoneal lavage cytology, macroscopic type, resection margin, extent of lymph node dissection, curative potential of gastric resection, and chemotherapy, including perioperative and postrecurrent chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, two factors were identified as independently associated with poor survival: P3 disease (P = 0.002) and absence of chemotherapy (P = 0.009). Univariate analysis of gastric cancer patients with P1 or P2 carcinomatosis revealed only tumor differentiation to be significant.ConclusionsGastric cancer patients with P1/P2 carcinomatosis and well/moderately differentiated tumors are likely to have an improved survival after gastrectomy. We emphasize that patients with good performance status and P1/P2 carcinomatosis should be considered appropriate surgical candidates before embarking on palliative systemic chemotherapy alone.
Enhancing Parenting Skills Among Nonresident African American Fathers as a Strategy for Preventing Youth Risky Behaviors
Authors: Caldwell Cleopatra Howard , Rafferty Jane , Reischl Thomas M. , De Loney E. Hill , Brooks Cassandra L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a theoretically based, culturally specific family intervention designed to prevent youth risky behaviors by influencing the parenting attitudes and behaviors of nonresident African American fathers and the parent–child interactions, intentions to avoid violence, and aggressive behaviors of their preadolescent sons. A sample of 158 intervention and 129 comparison group families participated. ANCOVA results indicated that the intervention was promising for enhancing parental monitoring, communication about sex, intentions to communicate, race‐related socialization practices, and parenting skills satisfaction among fathers. The intervention was also beneficial for sons who reported more monitoring by their fathers, improved communication about sex, and increased intentions to avoid violence. The intervention was not effective in reducing aggressive behaviors among sons. Findings are discussed from a family support perspective, including the need to involve nonresident African American fathers in youth risky behavior prevention efforts.
Aberrant synthesis of ATP synthase resulting from a novel deletion in mitochondrial DNA in an African patient with progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Authors: van der Westhuizen Francois H. , Smet Joél , Levanets Oksana , Meissner‐Roloff Madelein , Louw Roan , Van Coster Rudy , Smuts Izelle 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA young, adult, African male patient presented with progressive proximal muscle weakness, external ophthalmoplegia and ptosis, as well as cardiac conduction abnormalities resembling Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed normal basal ganglia but bilateral well‐circumscribed lesions in the cerebellar peduncles. Enzyme deficiencies in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, IV and V was measured in muscle tissue. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE) confirmed decreased protein content and activity of these complexes and revealed the presence of two catalytically active complex V sub‐complexes. Upon investigation by molecular genetics, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was found to be elevated and a novel deletion of 3431 bp was found in 80% of muscle mtDNA between positions 7115 and 10546, flanked by a 5 bp direct repeat sequence. In addition, it could also be concluded that the absence of mtDNA‐encoded ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes in this patient clearly resulted in aberrant synthesis of ATP synthase.