bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Cuticular Lipids from Cultivated and Wild Peanut Species and Their Effect on Feeding by Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)1
Authors: Yang Guang , Espelie Karl E. , Todd James W. , Culbreath Albert K. , Pittman Roy N. , Demski James W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The cuticular lipids from the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of two peanut cultivars and four wild peanut species were isolated individually and characterized by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The two Arachis hypogaea peanut cultivars, Florunner and Southern Runner, and three of the wild peanut species A. ipaensis, A. paraguariensis, and A. diogoi had higher proportions of fatty alcohols on the adaxial leaf surface (17–37%) than on the abaxial surface (11–14%) and a higher percentage of n-alkanes on the abaxial surface (23–66%) than on the adaxial surface (15–30%). The wild peanut species A. villosulicarpa had high proportions of n-alkanes on both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy showed that leaf surfaces with high fatty alcohol content had a dense array of wax crystals while those with larger amounts of n-alkanes had an amorphous appearance. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae were reared on meridic diet containing foliage from each of the peanut entries, diet with foliage from which the cuticular lipids had been extracted, and diet containing cuticular lipid extracts. Fall armyworm growth was enhanced when larvae were fed diet with A. ipaensis foliage from which the surface lipids had been removed.
In Vitro Culture to Eliminate Peanut Stripe Virus from Peanut Seed
Authors: Prasada Rao R. D. V. J. , Pio-Ribeiro G. , Pittman R. , Reddy D. V. R. , Demski J. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
When excised seed axes of peanut seed, which tested serological positive for peanut stripe virus (PStV), were grown in vitro, 37.5% of the developing plants were PStV-negative. When plants were regenerated from shoot-tips (1 cm long) taken from in vitro-grown, virus-infected plants, 29.4% of them were virus-negative. PStV-positive plants obtained from virus-infected seed were grown for 12 wk on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 40 mg/L ribavirin (MSR) resulted in 78.6% which tested negative for PStV. All plants from seed which tested positive for PStV were 100% identified as negative if grown on MSR for 16 wk. Similarly all plants were PStV negative when obtained from 1 cm long infected shoot tips (from plants grown on MS or MSR medium) if subsequently grown for 12 wk on MSR medium.
Evaluation of Chlorimuron as a Growth Regulator for Peanut
Authors: Mitchem Wayne E. , York Alan C. , Batts Roger B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Chlorimuron was evaluated as a growth regulator on peanut. Treatments included chlorimuron at a total of 8.8 g ai/ha applied once at 60,75, or 90 d after emergence (DAE) or in equal portions applied twice at 60 and 75, 60 and 90, or 75 and 90 DAE or three times at 60, 75, and 90 DAE. Daminozide at 950 g ai/ha applied 75 DAE was included as a comparison. In a year with excessive vine growth, daminozide and all chlorimuron treatments except 8.8 g/ha applied 90 DAE reduced cotyledonary lateral branch and main stem length at harvest 9 to 20 and 12 to 24%, respectively, due to suppression of internode length. Sequential applications of chlorimuron generally suppressed growth more than single applications. No improvement in row visibility at harvest was noted. In a dry year with limited vegetative growth, neither chlorimuron nor daminozide affected cotyledonary lateral branch or main stem length at harvest. Chlorimuron at 2.9 g/ha applied 60, 75, and 90 DAE reduced yield 18% at one of four locations; no other treatment affected yield. Chlorimuron at 8.8 g/ha applied 60 DAE or 4.4 g/ha applied 60 and 75 DAE reduced the percentage of fancy pods and extra large kernels at one or more locations. No treatment affected the percentage of total sound mature kernels. Results suggest chlorimuron has little to no potential for use as a growth regulator.
Descriptive study of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and evaluation of functional outcome predictors
Authors: Panicker JN , Nagaraja D , Kovoor JME , Subbakrishna DK 
Published: April 2010

Background:
Outcome following Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is variable and there are only limited studies from India.

Aim:
The study aims to evaluate the predictors of functional outcome in a cohort of patients with ADEM.

Setting:
Tertiary-care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Patients admitted with the diagnosis of ADEM from 1999 to 2004 have been included. Clinical features and radiological findings were evaluated. Functional outcome at discharge was scored using modified Rankin Scale and patients were followed up regularly.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test, and Student's t test for comparison of categorical and continuous variables, respectively, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.

Results:
Sixty-one patients were evaluated (mean age 22±15.9 years, 1-65). Fifty-two patients had preceding febrile illness or vaccination with mean 9.1±12.5 days interval to first neurological symptom. Non-specific febrile illnesses were the commonest trigger. Commonest findings were motor signs (n=41), impaired consciousness (n=33), bladder symptoms (n=21), ataxia (n=15), and seizures (n=14). Between adult (mean age 30.1±13.1 years, 13-65, n=38), and pediatric (mean age 6.2±2.8 years, 1-12, n=23) patients, language disturbances were more common in the latter (P=0.047). MR imaging (n=35) demonstrated lesions mostly in frontoparietal white matter (n=23) and thalamus (n=15). Nine patients expired. Patients with poor functional outcome at discharge more often had impaired consciousness (P=0.038) and seizures (P=0.06). At follow-up (n=25), deficits included motor signs (n=15) and bladder symptoms (n=5).

Conclusions:
ADEM has a wide range of neurological presentations and language disturbances are more common in pediatric patients. The presence of impaired consciousness, and possibly seizures, predict poor functional outcome at hospital discharge.
Appropriateness of gastrointestinal consultations for hospitalized patients in an academic medical center
Authors: Cohen M , Niv Y 
Published: April 2010

Background:
Consultation of experts in the internal medicine or surgery subspecialties is needed in the hospitalized population according to decisions of the house staff. Sometimes the referrals are not justified, consuming time and money without a significant change in the patient outcome.

Objectives:
The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate justification of consecutive referrals of hospitalized patients for gastroenterology consultation.

Materials and Methods:
Request for consultation was deemed not justified when at least one of the following parameters was found: No contribution to case management, discharge before consultation, cancellation at the last minute, and a recommendation for ambulatory management or surgery.

Results:
In August-September 2006, there were 232 requests for gastroenterology consultations. Of them 127 (54.7%) were men. The average age was 64.13±20.33 years. Ninety-four (40.2%) of the cases had been hospitalized because of other reasons than the consultation issue. Consultation was not justified in 60 patients (25.9%). Ambulatory management was a possibility in 151 cases (65.0%). Request for colonoscopy and gastrointestinal background disease were the only significant predictive factors for justification of consultation, P<0.0001 for both.

Conclusions:
In one fourth of the cases, gastroenterology consultation was not justified according to our strict criteria.
Cesarean delivery in preeclampsia and seasonal variation in a tropical rainforest belt
Authors: Okafor UV , Ezegwui HU 
Published: April 2010

Background:
The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is poorly understood and recent evidence suggests that the incidence varies depending upon the season.

Aim:
This study was carried out to determine whether there is a seasonal variation in the presentation of preeclamptics undergoing cesarean delivery in a tropical rainforest belt.

Setting:
A university teaching hospital.

Study Design:
Retrospective.

Materials and Methods:
The hospital records of consecutive patients (July 1996-June 2006) with preeclampsia, who underwent cesarean delivery in a tertiary care centre, were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, total number of deliveries, number of cesarean deliveries, and number of preeclampsia patients and time of presentation for cesarean section. Approval of the local ethical committee was obtained.

Statistical Analysis:
The EPI info software program was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
A total of 6798 deliveries were recorded during the study period resulting in 6485 live births. There were 1579 cesarean deliveries during the period. Of these, 196 patients had toxemia of pregnancy (166 with preeclampsia and 30 with eclampsia). One hundred and forty-one patients (9% of cesarean deliveries) had cesarean delivery during the rainy season and 55 (3.5%) during the dry season (P<0.05). Amongst preeclampsia patients, 115 presented (7%) during the rainy season and 51 (3.2%) during the dry season (P<0.05). In the eclampsia group, 26 (1.65% of cesarean sections) presented during the rainy season and four (0.25%) during the dry season (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
There was a seasonal variation in the cesarean delivery required for preeclampsia/eclampsia patients. This may help in counseling women on when to plan their pregnancy in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this apparent seasonal disease.
Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: A neurobiological model
Authors: Gao Yu , Raine Adrian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDespite increasing interest in psychopathy research, surprisingly little is known about the etiology of non‐incarcerated, successful psychopaths. This review provides an analysis of current knowledge on the similarities and differences between successful and unsuccessful psychopaths derived from five population sources: community samples, individuals from employment agencies, college students, industrial psychopaths, and serial killers. An initial neurobiological model of successful and unsuccessful psychopathy is outlined. It is hypothesized that successful psychopaths have intact or enhanced neurobiological functioning that underlies their normal or even superior cognitive functioning, which in turn helps them to achieve their goals using more covert and nonviolent methods. In contrast, in unsuccessful, caught psychopaths, brain structural and functional impairments together with autonomic nervous system dysfunction are hypothesized to underlie cognitive and emotional deficits and more overt violent offending. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk
Authors: Babiak Paul , Neumann Craig S. , Hare Robert D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere is a very large literature on the important role of psychopathy in the criminal justice system. We know much less about corporate psychopathy and its implications, in large part because of the difficulty in obtaining the active cooperation of business organizations. This has left us with only a few small‐sample studies, anecdotes, and speculation. In this study, we had a unique opportunity to examine psychopathy and its correlates in a sample of 203 corporate professionals selected by their companies to participate in management development programs. The correlates included demographic and status variables, as well as in‐house 360° assessments and performance ratings. The prevalence of psychopathic traits—as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R) and a Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL: SV) “equivalent”—was higher than that found in community samples. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that the underlying latent structure of psychopathy in our corporate sample was consistent with that model found in community and offender studies. Psychopathy was positively associated with in‐house ratings of charisma/presentation style (creativity, good strategic thinking and communication skills) but negatively associated with ratings of responsibility/performance (being a team player, management skills, and overall accomplishments). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is psychopathy elevated among criminal offenders who are under preventive detention pursuant to Section 66 of the German Penal Code?
Authors: Habermeyer Elmar , Passow Daniel , Vohs Knut 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn Germany, preventive detention can be imposed if a repeat offender shows a proclivity to commit further significant criminal acts. The courts require expert opinion to provide information about personality traits relevant for this disposition. However, currently, consensus about this topic is lacking. On the basis of a standardized examination, the relevance of Hare's concept of “psychopathy” for expert opinion is discussed in the context of preventive detention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paraphilias with co‐morbid psychopathy: The clinical and legal significance to sex offender assessments
Authors: Saleh Fabian M. , Malin H. Martin , Grudzinskas Albert J. , Vitacco Michael J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article briefly discusses the historical development of the constructs of paraphilia and psychopathy. An overview of recent developments in the assessment of these constructs for legal purposes is also provided. The historical, clinical, legal, and ethical obligations of clinicians who work with persons suffering from paraphilias and co‐morbid psychopathy is then reviewed. An emphasis of the current article is integrating recent developments in the construct of psychopathy into a discussion of sex offender risk assessment and treatment. The co‐morbidity of psychopathy and paraphilias as factors in predicting risk of recidivism is reviewed. The need for practitioners to remain cognizant of language requirements in both legal and clinical contexts is addressed. Finally, this article reviews the legal history of sex offender legislation and its evolution into current United States Supreme Court jurisprudence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer product evaluation based on tactile sensory information
Authors: d'Astous Alain , Kamau Estelle 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experiment in which consumers were asked to examine visually and touch samples of fabric. The participants were either given or not given verbal information relevant to the product category, and provided answers to the dependent variables immediately or after a 4‐minute delay. The results showed that memory, confidence in memory, and confidence in product evaluation were positively influenced by the availability of verbal information and therefore support the proposition that relevant verbal information can improve the encoding, retention, and retrieval of consumer experiences that include sensory information and lead to preferences that are better defined.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equilibrium Studies on the Gd3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ Complexes of BOPTA, DTPA and DTPA‐BMA Ligands: Kinetics of Metal‐Exchange Reactions of [Gd(BOPTA)]2–
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Pálinkás Zoltán , Uggeri Fulvio , Brücher Ernő 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe stability and protonation constants of the complexes formed between the ligand BOPTA [H5BOPTA: 4‐carboxy‐5,8,11‐tris(carboxymethyl)‐1‐phenyl‐2‐oxa‐5,8,11‐triazatridecan‐13‐oic acid] and Gd3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ have been determined by pH potentiometry (Gd3+, Zn2+) and spectrophotometry (Cu2+) at 25 °C and at constant ionic strength maintained by 0.15 M NaCl. For comparison, the stability and protonation constants of the complexes of Gd3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ formed with DTPA and DTPA‐BMA {H5DTPA: diethylenetriamine‐N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentaacetic acid, H3DTPA‐BMA: 2,2′‐[(carboxymethyl)imino]bis[ethylenebis(methylcarbamoylmethyl)imino]diacetic acid} have also been determined under similar conditions. The stability constants (log KML) of the complexes of BOPTA and DTPA are very similar, but in 0.15 M NaCl the protonation constants of the ligands (log KiH) and the log KML values are lower than those obtained in 0.1 M KCl or Me4NCl by 0.3–0.9 log K units. The order of selectivity of the ligands for Gd3+ over Zn2+ is BOPTA > DTPA > DTPA‐BMA. The complex [Cu(DTPA‐BMA)]– deprotonates in the pH range 7–10 with the dissociation of an amide NH group and the coordination of the amide N atom. The kinetics of the exchange/transmetallation reactions between the complex [Gd(BOPTA)]2– and the metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+, and Eu3+ have been studied by spectrophotometry (Cu2+, Eu3+) and relaxometry (Zn2+) in the pH range 3.3–6 at 25 °C in 0.15 M NaCl. The reactions with Cu2+ and Zn2+ occur predominantly with direct attack of the metal ions on the [Gd(BOPTA)]2– complex. The kinetic activity of Eu3+ is lower, and in the exchange reactions with Eu3+, the proton‐assisted dissociation of [Gd(BOPTA)]2– (which is followed by fast reaction between the free ligand and Eu3+) could be also investigated. The rate constants, characterizing the proton‐assisted dissociation of [Gd(BOPTA)]2– and the exchange reactions occurring with the direct attack of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Eu3+ on the complex, are lower by about 30–90 % than the rate constants obtained earlier for similar transmetallation reactions of [Gd(DTPA)]2–. The half‐time for the dissociation of [Gd(BOPTA)]2– at pH 7.4 and at 25 °C in the presence of 1 × 10–5 M Zn2+ and 1 ×10–6 M Cu2+ is 169 h.
Aminopyridinate‐Stabilized Lanthanoid Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Polymerization of Ethylene and Isoprene
Authors: Döring Christian , Kretschmer Winfried P. , Kempe Rhett 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of aminopyridinate‐stabilized dialkyl‐lanthanoid complexes has been synthesized and characterized. The complexes were prepared by alkane elimination reacting [Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)2] (Ln = Er, Yb, Lu) or [Ln(CH2Ph)3(thf)3] (Ln = Y, Er, Lu) with one equivalent of the bulky aminopyridine (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐[6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses were carried out for all of the benzyl derivatives. The reaction of these compounds with ammonium borate leads to the elimination of one of the two alkyl functions and affords organolanthanoid cations. The aminopyridinate‐stabilized dialkyl‐lanthanoid compounds can initiate the polymerization of isoprene after activation with perfluorinated tetraphenyl borates. The obtained polymers have a 3,4‐content of 60–95 %. The metal ion size as well as the addition of alkylaluminium compounds influences the microstructure of the obtained polymer. Aminopyridinate‐stabilized organolanthanoid cations of Sc, Lu, Er and Y can polymerize ethylene in the presence of alkylaluminium compounds. The Lu, Er and Y complexes act as a CCTP catalyst and the erbium compound exhibits the highest activity.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched β‐Galceramide‐Containing Dendritic Polymers that Bind HIV‐1 rgp120
Authors: Morales‐Serna José Antonio , Boutureira Omar , Serra Angels , Matheu M. Isabel , Díaz Yolanda , Castillón Sergio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of water‐soluble hyperbranched β‐galceramide‐containing dendritic. Polymers showing useful binding ability to HIV‐1 rgp120 as demonstrated with surface plasmon resonance.
Mechanistic link between uptake of sulfonamides and bacteriostatic effect: Model development and application to experimental data from two soil microorganisms
Authors: Focks Andreas , Klasmeier Jörg , Matthies Michael 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Sulfonamides (SA) are antibiotic compounds that are widely used as human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. They are not rapidly biodegradable and have been detected in various environmental compartments. Effects of sulfonamides on microbial endpoints in soil have been reported from laboratory incubation studies. Sulfonamides inhibit the growth of sensitive microorganisms by competitive binding to the dihydropteroate-synthase (DHPS) enzyme of folic acid production. A mathematical model was developed that relates the extracellular SA concentration to the inhibition of the relative bacterial growth rate. Two factors—the anionic accumulation factor (AAF) and the cellular affinity factor (CAF)—determine the effective concentration of an SA. The AAF describes the SA uptake into bacterial cells and varies with both the extra- and intracellular pH values and with the acidic pKa value of an SA. The CAF subsumes relevant cellular and enzyme properties, and is directly proportional to the DHPS affinity constant for an SA. Based on the model, a mechanistic dose–response relationship is developed and evaluated against previously published data, where differences in the responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Panthoea agglomerans toward changing medium pH values were found, most likely as a result of their diverse pH regulation. The derived dose–response relationship explains the pH and pKa dependency of mean effective concentration values (EC50) of eight SA and two soil bacteria based on AAF and CAF values. The mathematical model can be used to extrapolate sulfonamide effects to other pH values and to calculate the CAF as a pH-independent measure for the SA effects on microbial growth. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1445–1452. © 2010 SETAC
Evaluation of core cultivation practices to reduce ecological risk of pesticides in runoff from Agrostis palustris
Authors: Rice Pamela J. , Horgan Brian P. , Rittenhouse Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Pesticides associated with the turfgrass industry have been detected in storm runoff and surface waters of urban watersheds, invoking concern of their potential environmental effects and a desire to reduce their transport to nontarget locations. Quantities of chlorpyrifos, dicamba, dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), flutolanil, and mecoprop-p (MCPP) transported in runoff from bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) fairway turf managed with solid tine (ST) or hollow tine (HT) core cultivation were compared to determine which cultivation practice is more efficient at mitigating environmental risk. Plots receiving HT core cultivation showed a 10 and 55% reduction in runoff volume and a 15 to 57% reduction in pesticide transport with runoff at 63 d and 2 d following core cultivation. Estimated environmental concentrations of the pesticides in a surface water receiving runoff from turf managed with ST core cultivation exceeded the median lethal concentration (LC50) or median effective concentration (EC50) of nine aquatic organisms evaluated. Replacing ST core cultivation with HT core cultivation reduced surface water concentrations of the pesticides to levels below the LC50 and EC50 for most these aquatic organisms, lessening risk associated with pesticides in runoff from the fairway turf. Results of the present research provide quantitative information that will allow for informed decisions on cultural practices that can maximize pesticide retention at the site of application, improving pest control in turf while minimizing environmental contamination and adverse effects associated with the off-site transport of pesticides. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1215–1223. © 2010 SETAC