bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of a complete and self-consistent collision cross-section set of C5F10O by data-driven method
Authors: Zhang Boya , Liu Peiqiong , Hao Mai , Li Xingwen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The lack of a complete and consistent set of electron–molecule collision cross sections for the new eco-friendly gas C5F10O hinders the study of its microscopic discharge mechanisms. In this paper, we first calculate the elastic collision and electronic excitation cross-sections of C5F10O based on R-matrix theory and estimate its total attachment cross-sections through pulsed Townsend measurement. By combining cross sections from other literature, we are able to compile an initial set of collision cross-sections for C5F10O. However, this initial set remains incomplete and requires refinement. Therefore, this work establishes a neutral network to solve the inverse swarm problem of deriving cross-sections from swarm parameters. The inversion model is trained using a substantial amount of collision cross-sections from the LXCat project. Using the model and the initial set for C5F10O, a complete and self-consistent collision cross-section set for the C5F10O gas is predicted for the first time, based on the measured electron swarm parameters of C5F10O/Ar mixtures. The proposed method is capable of predicting C5F10O’s unknown vibrational excitation cross-section without any prior knowledge, thus enhancing its completeness. The refined set can reproduce the electron swarm parameters within an acceptable range of uncertainty, thus verifying its self-consistency. The set will be made available in the LXCat database, which is expected to be significant for fundamental studies of its discharge mechanisms as well as applications of C5F10O.
High-precision rail movement measurement under ambient-light changes via video image progressing
Authors: Yao Shilei , He Aohua , Dong Xiaopeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The advancement of train technology makes monitoring railroad lines increasingly important. The use of cameras to measure rail movement can be done in real-time monitoring. The camera, however, is easily influenced by variations in ambient light intensity. Therefore, this research proposes a method to address the issue. The system can calculate rail displacement without being affected by ambient light intensity and monitor rail displacement in real-time. By using a flexible field programmable gate array-based framework that uses parallel and pipelined architecture to process image data, the system’s efficiency is improved by 24.7%. The system can accurately locate and measure displacement in complex environments despite interference from light and surroundings. Following experimental validation, the detection system achieves 0.07 mm precision and 95.2% detection accuracy in varying light.
A user experience survey of an augmented reality android application for learning Coulomb’s law
Authors: Vidak Andrej , Movre Šapić Iva , Zahtila Karla 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated social distancing measures, prompting a greater interest in augmented reality (AR) as a means to facilitate accessible physics experiments for students. Recognizing this, we have recently developed an Android mobile application that harnesses AR technology. The application named CoulombsLawAR allows users to investigate how electrical charges and their distance influence the electrical force between them. The primary objective of our study was to assess students’ experiences while using this AR application. To achieve this, we engaged 156 undergraduate students from the Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology from University of Zagreb in the evaluation process. They were requested to utilize our AR application to complete a task specifically designed to enhance their understanding of Coulomb’s law. Subsequently, the participants were given a series of questionnaires, comprising five open-ended questions and 30 close-ended questions. These questionnaires included the System Usability Scale, User Experience, and Handheld Augmented Reality Usability Scale. In-depth analysis of the students’ feedback provided valuable insights. The majority of the participants found the application to be user-friendly, consistent in its performance, self-explanatory, and enjoyable to use. Additionally, students provided constructive feedback regarding potential enhancements that could be made to the application. Overall, the study findings indicate that the AR application we developed was well-received by undergraduate students, highlighting its potential as an effective tool for teaching and learning physics concepts.
High-quality factor Quasi-BIC mode via selective symmetry-breaking approach in a terahertz metasurface
Authors: Kumar Bhowmik Bhairov , Rohith K M , John Samuel , Prabhu Shriganesh , Kumar Gagan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study numerically and experimentally presents a novel approach to excite bound state in the continuum (BIC) mode with a high Q-factor in the THz meta-molecule (composition of meta-atoms) system, leveraging a unique method of selective symmetry breaking in a ring-shaped metamolecule system. Unlike conventional strategies that uniformly disrupt the symmetry across all resonators to excite a quasi-BIC mode, this innovative technique targets only half of the unit cell for symmetry perturbation. This selective symmetry breaking minimizes radiative losses and enhances the Q-factor of the quasi-bound states in continuum (quasi-BIC) modes. The selective symmetry breaking is achieved in a ring-shaped metamolecule system by simple radial perturbation. The results depict a notable improvement in the Q-factor, achieving values as high as 107 in simulation, a significant enhancement compared to the uniformly symmetry-breaking approach, which exhibits Q-factors around 25.80. The experimental transmission spectrum and the near-field scanning images firmly validate the existence of the high Q BIC mode under this strategic symmetry-breaking approach. This work may open new avenues for developing advanced THz devices with promising applications in sensing, filtering, and non-linearity in the THz domain.
Escape into the third dimension in cholesteric liquid crystals
Authors: Pollard Joseph , Alexander Gareth P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Integer winding disclinations are unstable in a nematic and are removed by an ‘escape into the third dimension’, resulting in a non-singular texture. This process is frustrated in a cholesteric material due to the requirement of maintaining a uniform handedness and instead results in the formation of strings of point defects, as well as complex three-dimensional solitons such as heliknotons that consist of linked dislocations. We give a complete description of this frustration using methods of contact topology. Furthermore, we describe how this frustration can be exploited to stabilise regions of the material where the handedness differs from the preferred handedness. These ‘twist solitons’ are stable in numerical simulation and are a new form of topological defect in cholesteric materials that have not previously been studied.
Hubble tension and gravitational self-interaction
Authors: Sargent Corey , Clark William , Deur Alexandre , Terzić Balša 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the most important problems vexing the ΛCDM cosmological model is the Hubble tension. It arises from the fact that measurements of the present value of the Hubble parameter performed with low-redshift quantities, e.g. the Type IA supernova, tend to yield larger values than measurements from quantities originating at high-redshift, e.g. fits of cosmic microwave background radiation. It is becoming likely that the discrepancy, currently standing at 5σ, is not due to systematic errors in the measurements. Here we explore whether the self-interaction of gravitational fields in General Relativity, which are traditionally neglected when studying the evolution of the Universe, can contribute to explaining the tension. We find that with field self-interaction accounted for, both low- and high-redshift data are simultaneously well-fitted, thereby showing that gravitational self-interaction yield consistent H
0 values when inferred from SnIA and cosmic microwave background observations. Crucially, this is achieved without introducing additional parameters.
The effect of annealing on micro-hardness of molybdenum single crystals
Authors: Bhowmik Manik , Dadhich Ramanand , Singh Indrasen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) crystals exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high yield strength, high elastic modulus, very high melting point, and excellent corrosion resistance, making them a suitable choice for various industrial applications. The mechanical behaviour of these crystals has been investigated through tension, compression, and indentation experiments. The indentation experiments on annealed Mo single-crystal thin film show an increase in hardness with increase in annealing temperature from 400 °C–650 °C. However, it is not clear whether this behaviour is specific to the Mo thin films or these are applicable to the bulk samples of single crystals also. In order to address these issues, the Vickers indentation experiments are performed on as-received and annealed samples of

(
1
00
)

-,

(
110
)

-, and

(
111
)

-oriented

Mo

single crystals. The results show that the low-temperature annealing leads to an increase in micro-hardness by

9
%

for

(
100
)

oriented crystals. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) studies have shown that there is a drop in the number of dislocation sources or dislocation density (

ρ

) with no high-angle grain boundary formation or any microstructural changes or any oxide formation. This necessitates to enhance the applied stress required for significant yielding (or yield strength) which results in an increase in the hardness. Based on experimental observations, a hardening mechanism governed by dislocation annihilation during annealing has been proposed in the present study.
Dynamical friction in dark matter superfluids: The evolution of black hole binaries
Authors: Berezhiani Lasha , Cintia Giordano , De Luca Valerio , Khoury Justin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The theory of superfluid dark matter is characterized by self-interacting sub-eV particles
that thermalize and condense to form a superfluid core in galaxies. Massive black holes at the
center of galaxies, however, modify the dark matter distribution and result in a density
enhancement in their vicinity known as dark matter spikes. The presence of these spikes affects
the evolution of binary systems by modifying their gravitational wave emission and inducing
dynamical friction effects on the orbiting bodies. In this work, we assess the role of dynamical
friction for bodies moving through a superfluid core enhanced by a central massive black hole. As
a first step, we compute the dynamical friction force experienced by bodies moving in a circular
orbit. Then, we estimate the gravitational wave dephasing of the binary, showing that the effect
of the superfluid drag force is beyond the reach of space-based experiments like LISA, contrarily
to collisionless dark matter, therefore providing an opportunity to distinguish these dark
matter models.
4He monolayer on graphene: a quantum Monte Carlo study
Authors: Yu S , Boninsegni M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We revisit the problem of adsorption of a single 4He layer on graphene, focusing on the commensurate (C
1/3) crystalline phase, specifically on whether it may possess a nonzero superfluid response, and on the existence of superfluid phases, either (metastable) liquid or vacancy-doped crystalline. We make use of canonical quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero and finite temperature, based on a realistic microscopic model of the system. Our results confirm the absence of any superfluid response in the commensurate crystal, and that no thermodynamically stable uniform phase exists at lower coverage. No evidence of a possibly long-lived, metastable superfluid phase at C
1/3 coverage is found. Altogether, the results of ground-state projection methods and finite-temperature simulations are entirely consistent.
Investigating Sulfur Chemistry in the HD163296 Disk
Authors: Ma Rong , Quan Donghui , Zhou Yan , Esimbek Jarken , Li Dalei , Li Xiaohu , Zhang Xia , Tuo Juan , Feng Yanan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Sulfur chemistry in the formation process of low-mass stars and planets remains poorly understood. The protoplanetary disks are the birthplace of planets and its distinctive environment provides an intriguing platform for investigating models of sulfur chemistry. We analyzed the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of CS 7–6 transitions in the HD 163296 disk and performed astrochemical modeling to explore its sulfur chemistry. We simulated the distribution of sulfur-containing molecules and compared it with observationally deduced fractional column densities. We have found that the simulated column density of CS is consistent with the observationally deduced fractional column densities, while the simulated column density of C2S is lower than the observationally deduced upper limits on column densities. This results indicate that we have a good understanding of the chemical properties of CS and C2S in the disk. We also investigated the influence of the C/O ratio on sulfur-containing molecules and found that the column densities of SO, SO2, and H2S near the central star are dependent on the C/O ratio. Additionally, we found that the N[CS]/N[SO] ratio can serve as a promising indicator of the disk’s C/O ratio in HD 163296. Overall, the disk of HD 163296 provides a favorable environment for the detection of sulfur-containing molecules.
AC Loss Estimation Method for REBCO Superconducting Tapes in AC+DC Fields for Field Windings in Fully Superconducting Synchronous Machine for Electric Aircraft
Authors: Sasa H , Jingami K , Oishi R , Miura S , Miyazaki H , Iwakuma M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The estimation of AC loss in REBa2Cu3O
y
(REBCO; RE = rare earth, such as Y, Eu, and Gd) superconducting tapes within superconducting synchronous motors and generators for electric aircraft is imperative during the design stage phase to optimize efficiency and cooling considerations. Our previous studies clarified the AC loss characteristics, focusing on estimating the AC loss in armature windings. While the magnetic field applied to the armature windings is exclusively as an AC field, the field windings are subject to a composite field comprising both AC and DC components. Notably, the amplitude of the AC component is markedly smaller than the magnitude of DC component. This study experimentally investigated to consider the AC loss properties in field windings. The experimental results were as follows: When subjected to operational conditions of field windings within synchronous motor and generator, the AC loss increased with the DC field strength. This property is attributed to a reduction in the critical current induced by the external field. Hence, we modified the method for estimating AC loss. Subsequently, we validated the effectiveness of the modified method.
Calculation on Current Distributions among Transposed Three- and Six-parallel Conductors in Superconducting Armature Coils for Superconducting Synchronous Motors
Authors: Kawasaki G , Miura S , Miyazaki H , Iwakuma M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The armature coil of the superconducting synchronous motor for electric aircraft requires a current of 1,000 A or more. However, a single superconducting tape at liquid nitrogen temperatures is insufficient for this operating current. Therefore, the armature coil should be composed of multi-strand parallel conductors. If the coil is constructed from parallel conductors, the inductance balance between the parallel conductors will be collapsed, so the current distributions will be non-uniform. As a solution for this issue, the uniform current distribution can be achieved by the transposition technique that changes the order in which tapes are stacked. Our previous research has developed the transposition method for the 2
n
-strand parallel conductors (n = 1, 2, 3, and so on). However, some of the superconducting synchronous motors are actually designed using a number of parallel conductors other than 2
n
. This study focused on the three- and the six-strand parallel conductors. We analytically clarified the unique transposition configuration for the three-strand parallel conductors that achieves uniform current distribution, and the transposition configuration for the six-strand parallel conductors by combining the transposition configuration for the three- and two-strand parallel conductors. As a result, the current distribution ratio became less than ±5% when the number of turns of the double pancake coil was a multiple of six by applying the transposition.
An Integrated Approach towards VLSI Implementation of SFQ Logic using Standard Cell Library and Commercial Tool Suite
Authors: Meher Sukanya S , Eren Çelik M , Ravi Jushya , Inamdar Amol , Gupta Deepnarayan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The semiconductor industry seeks energy-efficient alternatives as Moore’s law nears its limits. The Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) integrated circuits (ICs) using thousands of niobium Josephson junctions (JJs) and operating at 4 K show great promise for digital computing circuits at high speed (>20 GHz) and low power (a few nW per junction). The leading logic families are Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ), and its energy-efficient variant (ERSFQ). IARPA’s SuperTools program aims to develop integrated design tools for superconductor electronics, targeting SFQ and Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron (AQFP) logic families. This paper presents a passive transmission line (PTL) based standard cell library for SFQ logic, designed with Synopsys Electronic Design Automation (EDA) software tools for MIT-LL 100μA/μm2 SFQ5ee fab node. The dual RSFQ/ERSFQ standard cell library facilitates seamless integration of SFQ RTL-to-GDS design flow with Synopsys Fusion Compiler, an automated design tool. The SFQ RTL-to-GDS flow entails logic synthesis, checking, placement, clock synthesis, and routing. Row-based placement for library cells and H-tree clock tree structures are employed. Fusion Compiler’s effectiveness is validated with Hypres designs such as finite impulse response (FIR) filters, scalable multiply-accumulate (MAC) units, and memory arrays, comparing single and dual clocking schemes. The synergy between Hypres and Synopsys achieves a milestone by demonstrating the design of a digital superconducting circuit with over 10 million JJs, facilitated by a fully automated design tool for the first time. Challenges in very large-scale SFQ scaling are also discussed.
Development of Magnetic Pickering Emulsion for Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Odani Takuya , Akiyama Yoko , Manabe Yuichiro , Sato Fuminobu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We have been investigating magnetic drug delivery systems (MDDS), which can selectively deliver drugs to affected areas within the body using a magnetic field. In this study, we developed Magnetic Pickering Emulsions (MPEs) as a novel drug delivery carrier. MPEs can not only induce and accumulate drugs at the targeted site but also control the drug release rate using a magnetic field. In this study, we prepared MPEs using ferromagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and evaluated the control of drug release rate by the magnetic force. MPEs with a particle diameter of several tens of μm gradually released the encapsulated substance for 60 minutes under an applied magnetic field of less than 3 T. On the other hand, for 30 minutes under a magnetic field of more than 4 T, the release rate increased about 2.6 times faster than that under 3 T. These results indicate that MPEs can control the drug release rate by magnetic force.
Performance of a liquid Ga target for Laser Ion Source
Authors: Cannavò A. , Kanesue T. , Ikeda S. , Takahashi K. , Ceccio G. , Okamura M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We experimentally proved the feasibility of a liquid-based
target for Laser Ion Source (LIS) application. The target consists
of melted metal gallium contained in a heated crucible. Ions current
resulting from laser irradiation. Moreover, given the explosive
ablation mechanism involved, each laser shot has been found to
induce fluctuations in the surface level. It takes about 0.7 sec to
recover the steady condition fully. Despite the maximum fluctuation
being 2.7 mm (top-bottom maximum displacement), these fluctuations
have shown no significant influence on total ion current and are
independent of the temperature of the sample within the tested
repetition rate. This study provides valuable insights into the
potential of employing such a system for LIS.
Development and characterization of a Fricke gel dosimeter for precise measurement in low-dose photon fields
Authors: Saeedi-Sini Seyed Amir , Sina Sedigheh , Sadeghi Mohammad Hossein , Farajzadeh Ebrahim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the field of radiation medicine, particularly within
radiotherapy applications, radiochromic chemical dosimeters are
indispensable tools for dose measurement. This study focuses on the
novel development of a radiochromic dosimeter tailored for the
precise detection of low-dose radiation, aiming to construct a
dosimeter with tissue-equivalent properties suitable for accurately
measuring low to medium radiation doses.

Utilizing ferrous xylenol orange gel (FXG), we developed two
tissue-equivalent dosimeter formulations based on gelatin and
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

Our findings demonstrate that the gelatin-based FXG dosimeter
exhibits a robust linear dose-response relationship, facilitating
precise dose measurements in the range of 50 to
5000 mGy. Conversely, the PVA-based FXG dosimeter proved effective
for dose measurements within a narrower range of 600 to
5000 mGy. Notably, the gelatin-based dosimeter's performance
underscores its potential as a versatile tool in radiation
detection, promising significant benefits for both medical and
industrial applications.

This research confirms the efficacy of the Fricke dosimeter gel,
demonstrating its linear response across a dose range of 0.05 to
5 Gy, thus establishing a foundation for further advancements in
accurate and reliable low-dose radiation monitoring.