bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much colonoscopy screening should be recommended to individuals with various degrees of family history of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Wilschut Janneke A. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris , Habbema J. Dik F. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) are at increased risk for CRC. Current screening recommendations for these individuals are based on expert opinion. The authors investigated optimal screening strategies for individuals with various degrees of family history of CRC based on a cost‐effectiveness analysis.METHODS:The MISCAN‐Colon microsimulation model was used to estimate costs and effects of CRC screening strategies, varying by the age at which screening was started and stopped and by screening interval. The authors defined 4 risk groups, characterized by the number of affected first‐degree relatives and their age at CRC diagnosis. For all risk groups, the optimal screening strategy had an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of approximately $50,000 per life‐year gained.RESULTS:The optimal screening strategy for individuals with 1 first‐degree relative diagnosed after age 50 years was 6 colonoscopies every 5 years starting at age 50 years, compared with 4 colonoscopies every 7 years starting at age 50 years for average risk individuals. The optimal strategy had 10 colonoscopies every 4 years for individuals with 1 first‐degree relative diagnosed before age 50 years, 13 colonoscopies every 3 years for individuals with 2 or more first‐degree relatives diagnosed after age 50 years, and 15 colonoscopies every 3 years for individuals with 2 or more first‐degree relatives of whom at least 1 was diagnosed before age 50 years.CONCLUSIONS:The optimal screening strategy varies considerably with the number of affected first‐degree relatives and their age of diagnosis. Shorter screening intervals than the currently recommended 5 years may be appropriate for the highest risk individuals. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma with KRAS mutations
Authors: Kakegawa Seiichi , Shimizu Kimihiro , Sugano Masayuki , Miyamae Yohei , Kaira Kyoichi , Araki Takuya , Nakano Tetsuhiro , Kamiyoshihara Mitsuhiro , Kawashima Osamu , Takeyoshi Izumi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are thought to play an important role in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. However, clinicopathological findings of KRAS mutated adenocarcinoma cases have not yet been fully clarified. The authors analyzed the relationship between the KRAS mutation and corresponding clinicopathological findings, focusing on nonmucinous and mucinous bronchioloalveolar elements.METHODS:EGFR and KRAS mutations were detected in DNA samples extracted from 182 surgically resected tissues of lung adenocarcinomas by the Smart Amplification Process. The relations between gene mutation status and clinicopathological features were analyzed. All adenocarcinoma cases were divided into bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features, and adenocarcinoma without BAC components (non‐BAC). BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features tumors were further assessed for the presence of mucinous features.RESULTS:EGFR and KRAS mutations were found in 76 and 30 cases, respectively. In the KRAS mutant group, BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features was found in 22 cases, which included 10 nonmucinous and 12 mucinous tumors. Of 19 cases with mucinous BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features, KRAS mutations were detected in 12, but no EGFR mutation was detected. In the KRAS mutant group, BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features had significantly earlier pathological stages and more favorable prognoses than did non‐BAC. Mucinous BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features showed less smoking history than did nonmucinous BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features and non‐BAC. Furthermore, transversion type KRAS mutations were more common in non‐BAC.CONCLUSIONS:KRAS mutated adenocarcinomas can be divided into BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features and non‐BAC types. Non‐BAC adenocarcinoma is related to smoking history and has a poor prognosis. BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features adenocarcinoma, however, has a more favorable prognosis, and mucinous BAC/adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features has little relationship to smoking history. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Longer leukocyte telomere length predicts increased risk of hepatitis b virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Juan , Yang Yefa , Zhang Hongxin , Zhao Siyuan , Liu Hanqiang , Ge Naijian , Yang Hushan , Xing Jin‐Liang , Chen Zhinan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Convincing evidence has indicated that an alteration in telomere length is involved in tumorigenesis. In epidemiologic studies, a strong correlation also has been observed consistently between relative telomere length (RTL) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and susceptibility of many cancers. However, whether leukocyte RTL can be used as a predictor of risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be determined.METHODS:The RTL in PBLs was determined by measuring the telomere repeat copy number to single‐copy gene number ratio in each sample compared with a reference DNA sample using a polymerase chain reaction‐based method in this case‐control study. The study participants included 240 patients with HCC (cases), a group of 240 healthy individuals (controls), and 120 noncancer controls with chronic liver disease (CLD).RESULTS:HCC cases exhibited a significantly longer RTL (median, 0.57; range, 0.21‐3.3) than CLD controls (median, 0.46; range, 0.15‐1.99; P < .001) and healthy controls (median, 0.39; range, 0.13‐2.69; P < .001). Compared with individuals who had short RTL, individuals who had long RTL had a significantly increased risk of HCC when either healthy controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 7.28; 95% confidence interval, 4.46‐11.88) or CLD controls (adjusted OR, 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.74‐4.70) were used as the reference group. A significant dose‐response relation was observed between HCC risk and long RTL (Ptrend < .001 for both control groups). In addition, there was a significantly positive RTL correlation between PBLs and normal liver tissues (r = 0.78; P < .001) or cirrhotic liver tissues (r = 0.67; P = .001). Furthermore, a significant joint effect on the risk of HCC was noted between RTL and smoking status or alcohol use.CONCLUSIONS:The current study produced the first epidemiologic evidence linking long RTL in PBLs to an increased risk of HCC. The authors concluded that these findings warrant further investigation in other populations. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation rates and long‐term survival in acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Juliusson Gunnar , Karlsson Karin , Lazarevic Vladimir Lj , Wahlin Anders , Brune Mats , Antunovic Petar , Derolf Åsa , Hägglund Hans , Karbach Holger , Lehmann Sören , Möllgård Lars , Stockelberg Dick , Hallböök Helene , Höglund Martin ,   for the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry Group, the Swedish Acute Myeloid Leukemia Group, the Swedish Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Group
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) reduces relapse rates in acute leukemia, but outcome is hampered by toxicity. Population‐based data avoid patient selection and may therefore substitute for lack of randomized trials.METHODS:We evaluated alloSCT rates within the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry, including 3899 adult patients diagnosed from 1997 through 2006 with a coverage of 98% and a median follow‐up of 6.2 years.RESULTS:AlloSCT rates and survival decreased rapidly with age >55 years. The 8‐year overall survival (OS) was 65% in patients <30 years and 38% in patients <60 years and was similar for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Among 1073 patients <60 years, alloSCT was performed in 42% and 49% of patients with AML and ALL, respectively. Two‐thirds of the alloSCTs were performed in first complete remission, and half used unrelated donors, the same in AML and ALL. Regional differences in management and outcome were found: 60% of AML patients <40 years received alloSCT in all parts of Sweden, but two‐thirds of AML patients 40‐59 years had alloSCT in one region compared with one‐third in other regions (P<.001), with improved 8‐year OS among all AML patients in this age cohort (51% vs 30%; P = .005).CONCLUSIONS:More Swedish AML patients received alloSCT, and long‐term survival was better than in recently published large international studies, despite our lack of selection bias. There was no correlation between alloSCT rate and survival in ALL. In adult AML patients <60 years of age, a high alloSCT rate was associated with better long‐term survival, but there was no such correlation in ALL. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Sharp differential estimates of Li‐Yau‐Hamilton type for positive (p, p) forms on Kähler manifolds
Authors: Ni Lei , Niu Yanyan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper we study the heat equation (of Hodge Laplacian) deformation of (p, p)‐forms on a Kähler manifold. After identifying the condition and establishing that the positivity of a (p, p)‐form solution is preserved under such an invariant condition, we prove the sharp differential Harnack (in the sense of Li‐Yau‐Hamilton) estimates for the positive solutions of the Hodge Laplacian heat equation. We also prove a nonlinear version coupled with the Kähler‐Ricci flow and some interpolating matrix differential Harnack‐type estimates for both the Kähler‐Ricci flow and the Ricci flow. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement and autocorrelation analysis of two‐dimensional light‐scattering patterns from living cells for label‐free classification
Authors: Pan Yong‐Le , Berg Matthew J. , Zhang Samuel Shao‐Min , Noh Heeso , Cao Hui , Chang Richard K. , Videen Gorden 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe incorporate optics and an ICCD to record the two‐dimensional angular optical scattering (TAOS) patterns retrieved from single aerosolized cells. We analyze these patterns by performing autocorrelations and demonstrate that we are able to retrieve cell size from the locations of the secondary maxima. Additional morphological information is contained in the autocorrelation functions and decay rate of the heights of the autocorrelation peaks. We demonstrate these techniques with C6 and Y79 cells, which are readily distinguishable. One key advantage of this methodology is that there is no requirement for antibody and fluorescent labeling molecules. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggregation methods for integrated services
Authors: Lin Hai , Labiod Houda 
Published: March 2011

AbstractReservation aggregation provides scalability to the IETF Integrated Services (IntServ) by reducing the high number of states stored at internal routers and the number of signaling messages processed at these routers. However, in the case of frequent joining and leaving of individual flows, the latter benefit will be lost due to frequent adjustment of aggregation size. In this paper, to reduce aggregation adjustment frequency, we focus on investigating two critical parameters: aggregation size and the lower threshold. We propose two policies to find out the optimal values of these criteria. One policy called Two Bounded operating Policy (TBP) is parameter‐based policy and the other called Resource request Variance Policy (RVP) is measure‐based policy. The calculation of these optimal values considers three costs: underutilization cost, signaling cost and holding cost. In our evaluation study, we compare the proposed two policies with two others, Temporal Operating Policy (TOP) and Cardinal Operating Policy (COP). This study shows that our mechanisms outperform the previous propositions in terms of cost and blocking ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low‐complexity companding technique using Padé approximation for PAPR reduction of an OFDM system
Authors: Jeng Shiann‐Shiun , Chen Jia‐Ming , Chang Po‐Hao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems have become the most promising wireless communication systems in the recent years. For OFDM systems, there is one major drawback, which is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). Companding techniques have been frequently proposed to reduce PAPR. Exponential companding technique offers efficient PAPR reduction with a low bit error rate (BER). However, the exponential companding technique is difficult to implement. This paper utilizes the Padé approximation to simplify the exponential companding technique. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed companding technique offers the same performance results as those of the exponential companding technique, while Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) or multipath fading channel is considered. Further, the hardware implementation results show that the complexity of the proposed companding technique is less than that of the exponential companding technique. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted Fenoldopam in critically ill patients with early renal dysfunction: A crossover study
Authors: Paparcuri Gian , Cobas Miguel , De La Pena Maria , Barquist Erik , Varon Albert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRetraction: The following article from Dialysis & Transplantation, 'Fenoldopam in critically ill patients with early renal dysfunction: A crossover study' by Gian Paparcuri, Miguel Cobas, Maria De La Pena, Erik Barquist and Albert Varon, published online on March 8, 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and in Volume 40, pp. 164‐167, has been retracted through agreement between the first author, the Editors, Andrew Z. Fenves and Larry B. Melton, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to duplicate publication in another journal.
Hedgehog signaling regulates size of the dorsal aortae and density of the plexus during avian vascular development
Authors: Moran Carlos M. , Salanga Matthew C. , Krieg Paul A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSignaling by the hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted growth factors is essential for development of embryonic blood vessels. Embryos lacking Hh function have abundant endothelial cells but fail to assemble vascular cords or lumenized endothelial tubes. However, the role of Hh signaling during later aspects of vascular patterning and morphogenesis is largely unexplored. We have used small molecule inhibitors and agonists to alter activity of the Hh signaling pathway in the chick embryo. When cyclopamine is added after cord formation, aortal cells form tubes, but these are small and disorganized and the density of the adjacent vascular plexus is reduced. Activation of the Hh pathway with SAG leads to formation of enlarged aortae and increased density of the plexus. The number of endothelial cell filopodia is found to correlate with Hh signaling levels. These studies show that Hh signaling levels must be tightly regulated for normal vascular patterning to be achieved. Developmental Dynamics 240:1354–1364, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Msx2 and Foxn1 regulate nail homeostasis
Authors: Cai Jing , Ma Liang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal interactions underlie the foundation for ectodermal appendage formation. Signal molecules such as BMPs and WNTs mediate crosstalk between the two tissue layers and coordinate both the induction and morphogenesis of ectodermal appendages. Here, we analyzed the function of two BMP downstream transcription factors, Msx2 and Foxn1, in nail differentiation. First, we show that Msx2 function is required during onychocyte (nail cell) terminal differentiation. Second, the Msx2/Foxn1/hair keratin pathway controlling hair differentiation is also conserved during onychocyte differentiation. Finally, the Msx2−/−; Foxn1−/− double‐mutant nails exhibit a more severe phenotype than either single mutant including nail bed hyperplasia. Together, our data implicate important functions for Msx2 and Foxn1 in regulating differentiation of the keratogenous zone, proliferation of distal nail matrix cells, and organization of the nail bed. genesis 49:449–459, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children’
Authors: Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Wong MCM, Glenny AM, Tsang BWK, Lo ECM, Worthington HV, Marinho VCC. Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD007693. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007693.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentaries on interventions for acute otitis externa
Authors: El‐Hakim Hamdy , Ho Allan , Nunez Desmond A 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Kaushik V, Malik T, Saeed Sr. Interventions for acute otitis externa. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004740. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004740.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
The Cochrane Library and Non‐Pharmacological Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: An Overview of Reviews
Authors: Foisy Michelle , Williams Katrina 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic behavioural disorder that affects 5–8% of children. It is characterized by age‐inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that cause functional impairment in multiple settings. The most common treatment of ADHD involves prescription of stimulant medications, which often cause undesirable side effects and pose unknown long‐term health risks. Therefore, alternative treatment options for ADHD are becoming increasingly popular and need to be further investigated.ObjectivesThis overview of reviews aims to synthesize evidence from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) on the efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacologic treatments to improve symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents.MethodsIssue 12, 2010 of the CDSR was searched using the terms “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder”, “hyperkinetic disorder” and “ADHD” restricted to the title, abstract or keywords, and all systematic reviews examining non‐pharmacologic treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents were identified. Data were extracted, complied into tables and synthesized using qualitative and quantitative methods.Main ResultsThree systematic reviews (containing ten trials and 594 participants) were identified for inclusion in this overview. Children assigned to Hatha yoga versus a non‐specific physical activity control condition showed significantly less symptoms of inattention when measured using both parent ratings (MD: − 0.73; 95% CI: − 1.25, − 0.21) and child‐completed tests (MD: − 4.01; 95% CI: − 6.23, − 1.79). There was no significant benefit of homeopathy compared to homeopathy placebo in decreasing symptoms of ADHD. There was also no significant difference between family therapy and standard treatment for parent and teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity; however, when overall symptoms were judged by a blinded third party observer in the classroom setting, standard treatment was significantly more effective (MD: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.17). There was no significant difference between meditation therapy compared to both drug therapy and standard treatment without drugs for decreasing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, distractibility or overall symptoms.Authors' ConclusionsThe three Cochrane reviews suffered from a lack of high‐quality, adequately powered randomized controlled trials using standardized tools to measure clinically important outcomes over adequate periods of time. Therefore, the trials included in this overview are not sufficient to provide evidence of no positive benefit of treatment, nor are they sufficient to recommend the use Hatha yoga, family therapy, meditation therapy or homeopathy for the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Climate change, glacier melting and streamflow in the Niyang River Basin, Southeast Tibet, China
Authors: Zhang Mingfang , Ren Qingshan , Wei Xiaohua , Wang Jingsheng , Yang Xiaolin , Jiang Zishan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThere is a growing concern over the effects of climate change on glacier melting and hydrology. In this article, we used a natural large‐scale basin, the Niyang River Basin in the Southeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China, to show how climate change accelerates glacier melting and consequently leads to hydrological change. First, nonparametric tests were used to analyse the trends of streamflow, precipitation and temperature since 1979. An artificial neural network was then adopted to construct precipitation‐streamflow models. Due to lack of data, 30 climate change scenarios were assumed to simulate streamflow sensitivity to climate change. There were significant increasing trends in streamflow over annual and wet season periods (May–October), whereas insignificant trend on annual precipitation was detected. This, along with a significant decreasing trend of water temperature during the wet season, suggests that climate warming has caused acceleration of glacier melting, which resulted in increased streamflow and summer water cooling. The simulation results indicated that streamflow is very sensitive to climate change, particularly with temperature change. Annual streamflow increased by an average of 65 mm per 0·5 °C temperature increment with precipitation unchanged. Streamflow in the wet season is more sensitive to climate change than in the dry season (November–April). Average streamflow increase per 0·5 °C increment in the wet season was projected to be 59·4 mm for the scenarios with precipitation unchanged. Implications of these results for future water and watershed management were discussed in the context of close linkages among climate change, glacier melting and water resources. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olive yield as a function of soil moisture dynamics
Authors: Viola Francesco , Valerio Noto Leonardo , Cannarozzo Marcella , Loggia Goffredo La , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study introduces a water‐driven crop model aiming to quantitatively link olive yield to climate and soil moisture dynamics using an ecohydrological approach. A mathematical model describing soil moisture, evapotranspiration and assimilation dynamics of olive orchards is developed here. The model is able to explicitly reproduce two different hydroclimatic phases in Mediterranean areas: the well‐watered conditions in which evapotranspiration and assimilation assume their maximum values and the real conditions where the limitations induced by soil moisture availability are taken into account. Annual olive yield is obtained by integrating the carbon assimilation during the growing season, including the effects of vegetation water stress on biomass allocation. This numerical model has been tested on an olive orchard located in Sicily (Italy) obtaining a satisfactory reproduction of historical olive yield data. This model is useful for simulating the influence of soil moisture dynamic on biomass growth, fruit productivity, also in a context of climatic change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.