bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astronomy in Brazilian music and poetry
Authors: de Freitas Mourão Ronaldo Rogério 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe rôle of astronomy in the Brazilian cultural diversity –though little known world– has been enormous. Thus, the different forms of popular music and erudite, find musical compositions and lyrics inspired by the stars, the eclipses in rare phenomena such as the transit of Venus in front of the sun in 1882, the appearance of Halley's Comet in 1910, in the Big Bang theory. Even in the carnival parades of the blocks at the beginning of the century astronomy was present. More recently, the parade of 1997, the samba school Unidos do Viradouro, under the direction of Joãozinho Trinta, offered a new picture of the first moments of the creation of the universe to join in the white and dark in the components of their school, the idea of matter and anti-matter that reigned in the early moments of the creation of the universe in an explosion of joy. Examples in classical music include Dawn of Carlos Gomes and Carta Celeste by Almeida Prado. Unlike The Planets by Gustav Holst –who between 1914 and 1916 composed a symphonical tribute to the solar system based on astrology– Almeida Prado composed a symphony that is not limited to the world of planets, penetrating the deep cosmos of galaxies. Using various resources of the technique for the piano on the clusters and static movements, violent conflicts between the records of super acute and serious instrument, harpejos cross, etc . . .
Astronomy and astrology
Authors: Zarka Philippe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAstrology meets a large success in our societies, from the private to the political sphere as well as in the media, in spite of the demonstrated inaccuracy of its psychological as well as operational predictions. We analyse here the relations between astrology and astronomy, as well as the criticisms opposed by the latter to the former. We show that most of these criticisms are weak. Much stronger ones emerge from the analysis of the astrological practice compared to the scientific method, leading us to conclude to the non-scientificity of astrology. Then we return to the success of astrology, and from its analysis we propose a renewed (and prophylactic) rôle for astronomy in society.
Searching for a “black sky” in the Andes Mountains: A migratory process and identity formation of a Japanese astronomer in Peru
Authors: Kato-Nitta Naoko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the transnational migratory process and identity formation of a Japanese astronomer, Mutsumi Ishitkuta (born 1930). He moved to Peru in 1957 to build a solar observatory in the Andes Mountains, and settled there to develop a foundation for basic sciences in Peru. Through life story interviews, I explore the transnational migratory process of this scientist focusing on his profession in relationship to certain people, events, and situations that contributed to his identity formation. Tracing Ishitsuka's story may enable us to deepen our thoughts of scientists' identity and their role for the society.
The Chevroches zodiacal cap and its Burgundy relations
Authors: Devevey Frédéric , Vernou Christian , Rousseau Aurélie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe excavation of an unexplored secondary agglomeration in Chevroches (France), from 2001 to 2002 has led to the discovery of a bronze dome of a type unknown in the Ancient world. It is inscribed with three lines in Greek transcribing Egyptian and Roman months, and the twelve signs of the Zodiac. This paper presents the first observations and some other finds from similar objects in Burgundy.
The rôle of the Kokino megalith in the life of the Bronze age agricultural community
Authors: Cenev Gjore 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn 2002 in the region of North-East Macedonia a site was discovered, for which archaeoastronomical analyses have shown that it encompasses all elements of an ancient observatory dated 2000 BCE. In line with the analysis the existence of a central position, from where Sunrises and rises of Full Moon were observed, was confirmed, as well as that in the rocks on the east horizon a markers were crafted marking the places of the rise of the Sun and Moon in exactly determined days. From this central position, total 9 markers can be seen on the east horizon, 3 of which used to mark the places of the Sunrise in the course of the year, and remaining 6 marked the places of Full Moon rise. By continuous monitoring of the periodicity of the Full Moon rise, ancient sky observers could develop 19 years periodic lunar calendar. In addition, on the site there is a special observation place related to the cycles of solar and lunar eclipse. Only from there and toward the east horizon 4 markers can be seen, which were used for marking the positions of the Full Moon rise on the day of the beginning of the new periodic cycle of eclipse of 54 years and 34 days. The most outstanding content on the territory of the observatory are 4 stone seats called thrones. Also, on the east horizon there is one specially crafted marker that had ritual purpose. Archaeoastronomical analysis has shown that on the day when the harvest ends, rise of Sun could be seen exactly trough the aperture of this marker, enlightening by beam only one of the thrones where most probably a community headman was sitting. That was a ritual joining of the God Sun with the community headman and renewal of his energy as a guarantee for rich harvest in the coming year. This is just a fragment of information that Megalithic Observatory Kokino has to offer, linked with the culture and cosmological presentations of people of the early agricultural community in the Bronze Age.
Ten days of astronomy for 50 children
Authors: Godier Stéphanie , Mathias Katia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a 10 day-long astronomical discovery class for children from 10 up to 12 years old. “Classical” workshops dealing with constellations, sky maps, sundiala, rocket construction and launching, Sun and deep sky observations are proposed to children. In addition, we present our own workshops that can be achieved by children as research projects in a scientific, literary or in an artistic way. In this context, the rôle of astronomy is both educational and social for children. Scientific rudiments are passed on from scientific educators to pupils and from pupils to their families. Astronomy is an unifying science for everyone.
Opening the radio sky to all
Authors: Gilloire André 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of our project is to convert a large 13 m parabolic antenna formerly used for satellite communications in the decimetric range into a radio telescope dedicated to pedagogy and scientific culture spreading. This project has been labeled within the framework of AMA 2009 with other similar projects in France. The paper explains the project and gives details about its collaborations and partnerships.
Between astronomy and particle physics: Outreach at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: García Beatriz , Hojvat Carlos 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe Pierre Auger Observatory, dedicated to the detection and study of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, has as one of it fundamental missions outreach activities. With this in mind, a specially conceived Visitor Center was included in the design of the Pierre Auger campus in the city of Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina. One of its main objectives is the contact with the community, through educational courses, talks, conferences and workshops for differen t levels. The permanent exchange between the Pierre Auger scientists and teachers, professionals and society, is important to the impact of the Observatory in the vision by the community of science in general, and scientists in particular. Activities in the outreach area during the last 10 years, resulted in changes to the curricula of study in the schools. Important topics are discussed, like astronomy, light pollution control, and modification of the behavior of the local society. In this presentation we will show how an extensive outreach program, organized by scientists in contact with the community and based on (or near) a research center, can be a factor of social transformation.
The first massive astronomical observation event in Mexico City
Authors: Espinosa Mariana , Hernandez Xavier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOn the night of the 20th of February 2008 there was a total eclipse of the moon visible from Mexico City, with a total duration from 19:42 hrs to 23:09 hrs. At the Instituto de Astronomía, UNAM, we took this opportunity to organise a massive astronomical party on the central plaza of the city, the Zocalo. Over a period of about 6 hrs. we set up a huge astro-party, with free use of over 100 telescopes, where we estimate over 40,000 persons looked through an astronomical telescope at the moon and Saturn, most for the first time in their lives. Numerous stands including a children's games, an Astronomy conference room, and the free distribution of Astronomical material were organised. Here we describe some of the issues associated with the planning and implementation of the event. Coordination issues were complex, involving interaction with divers and numerous authorities, city, national, police, traffic, medical assistance in readiness, aide from other universities, and amateur astronomical societies, which supplied most of the telescopes. An extensive publicity campaign was launched with several weeks of anticipation, and although we had no way of estimating the public response, we were ready with over 800 volunteers at the Zócalo on the 20th of February. The public response was massive and overwhelmingly positive, thousands swarmed the square in a completely peaceful and well organised interaction between Astronomy and society at large, over many complementary levels
Marine necklace‐chain Fragilariaceae (Bacillariophyceae) from Guam, including descriptions of Koernerella and Perideraion, genera nova
Authors: Lobban Christopher S. , Ashworth Matt P. , Arai Yumi , Jordan Richard W. , Theriot Edward C. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYLight microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of necklace‐chain forming colonial diatoms from benthic habitats in Guam revealed five species. Bleakeleya notata (Grunow in Van Heurck) Round is widespread and well‐known. Asterionella notata var. recticostata Körner has been reported only twice before; we describe the plastids for the first time. On phylogenetic grounds we assign A. notata var. recticostata to a new genus, Koernerella, and emend the description of Bleakeleya. Three new species belonging in a new genus, Perideraion, are described as P. montgomeryi, P. decipiens and P. elongatum. Cultures from single‐cell isolates yielded four gene sequences for three of these taxa. The genera are easy to identify in the LM and SEM. Perideraion differs from Bleakeleya and Koernerella in having two large H‐shaped plastids, as reported for Asterionellopsis and Asteroplanus, and is further distinguished from all these genera by the following character set: a distinct rim around the basal field of circular pores, an apical rimoportula laterally on the valve mantle, pores in the valves that are unlike those in the basal pore field, and absence of apical slits. Although the basal pole attachment and colony morphology seem synapomorphic, molecular evidence suggests that the Bleakeleya‐Koernerella‐Perideraion clade is separate from the Asterionellopsis‐Asteroplanus clade and these five genera do not form one monophyletic group. It remains to be seen whether they are part of a somewhat larger group at the base of the araphid grade or if the genera we studied are truly separate.
Applicability of the fluorescein diacetate assay for metabolic activity measurement of Microcystis aeruginosa (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria)
Authors: Li Jie , Ou Danyun , Zheng Lingling , Gan Nanqin , Song Lirong 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assay has been widely used to measure metabolic activity in phytoplankton. It was found that FDA fluorescence values did not decrease in some stressed cells, demonstrating that the applicability of the method needs to be assessed further in the context of growth‐influencing conditions. In the present study, changes of FDA fluorescence values were studied in bloom‐forming cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz cells under stress conditions such as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) deficiency, or darkness and low temperature (10°C), respectively. The results demonstrated that esterase activity decreased immediately in dark‐stressed cells, which correlated with the decline of biomass and photosynthetic activity. Under the other three stress conditions, however, especially at low temperature, the cells lost photosynthetic activity but had the highest esterase activity, which was five times higher than the control group. These findings contrast with the assay criteria that the expression of a stain should reflect the change of photosynthetic activity and that stressed cells should have a lower staining intensity than the control cells. According to these results, the esterase activity response was dependent on environmental factors. Furthermore, higher fluorescence intensity did not mean higher metabolic activity, but a discrepant value indicated a severe stress.
PaperVis: Literature Review Made Easy
Authors: Chou J. ‐K. , Yang C. ‐K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractReviewing literatures for a certain research field is always important for academics. One could use Google‐like information seeking tools, but oftentimes he/she would end up obtaining too many possibly related papers, as well as the papers in the associated citation network. During such a process, a user may easily get lost after following a few links for searching or cross‐referencing. It is also difficult for the user to identify relevant/important papers from the resulting huge collection of papers. Our work, called PaperVis, endeavors to provide a user‐friendly interface to help users quickly grasp the intrinsic complex citation‐reference structures among a specific group of papers. We modify the existing Radial Space Filling (RSF) and Bullseye View techniques to arrange involved papers as a node‐link graph that better depicts the relationships among them while saving the screen space at the same time. PaperVis applies visual cues to present node attributes and their transitions among interactions, and it categorizes papers into semantically meaningful hierarchies to facilitate ensuing literature exploration. We conduct experiments on the InfoVis 2004 Contest Dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of PaperVis.
Efficient Parallel Vectors Feature Extraction from Higher‐Order Data
Authors: Pagot C. , Osmari D. , Sadlo F. , Weiskopf D. , Ertl T. , Comba J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe parallel vectors (PV) operator is a feature extraction approach for defining line‐type features such as creases (ridges and valleys) in scalar fields, as well as separation, attachment, and vortex core lines in vector fields. In this work, we extend PV feature extraction to higher‐order data represented by piecewise analytical functions defined over grid cells. The extraction uses PV in two distinct stages. First, seed points on the feature lines are placed by evaluating the inclusion form of the PV criterion with reduced affine arithmetic. Second, a feature flow field is derived from the higher‐order PV expression where the features can be extracted as streamlines starting at the seeds. Our approach allows for guaranteed bounds regarding accuracy with respect to existence, position, and topology of the features obtained. The method is suitable for parallel implementation and we present results obtained with our GPU‐based prototype. We apply our method to higher‐order data obtained from discontinuous Galerkin fluid simulations.
Uncertainty‐Aware Exploration of Continuous Parameter Spaces Using Multivariate Prediction
Authors: Berger W. , Piringer H. , Filzmoser P. , Gröller E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSystems projecting a continuous n‐dimensional parameter space to a continuous m‐dimensional target space play an important role in science and engineering. If evaluating the system is expensive, however, an analysis is often limited to a small number of sample points. The main contribution of this paper is an interactive approach to enable a continuous analysis of a sampled parameter space with respect to multiple target values. We employ methods from statistical learning to predict results in real‐time at any user‐defined point and its neighborhood. In particular, we describe techniques to guide the user to potentially interesting parameter regions, and we visualize the inherent uncertainty of predictions in 2D scatterplots and parallel coordinates. An evaluation describes a real‐world scenario in the application context of car engine design and reports feedback of domain experts. The results indicate that our approach is suitable to accelerate a local sensitivity analysis of multiple target dimensions, and to determine a sufficient local sampling density for interesting parameter regions.
Flowstrates: An Approach for Visual Exploration of Temporal Origin‐Destination Data
Authors: Boyandin Ilya , Bertini Enrico , Bak Peter , Lalanne Denis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMany origin‐destination datasets have become available in the recent years, e.g. flows of people, animals, money, material, or network traffic between pairs of locations, but appropriate techniques for their exploration still have to be developed. Especially, supporting the analysis of datasets with a temporal dimension remains a significant challenge. Many techniques for the exploration of spatio‐temporal data have been developed, but they prove to be only of limited use when applied to temporal origin‐destination datasets. We present Flowstrates, a new interactive visualization approach in which the origins and the destinations of the flows are displayed in two separate maps, and the changes over time of the flow magnitudes are represented in a separate heatmap view in the middle. This allows the users to perform spatial visual queries, focusing on different regions of interest for the origins and destinations, and to analyze the changes over time provided with the means of flow ordering, filtering and aggregation in the heatmap. In this paper, we discuss the challenges associated with the visualization of temporal origin‐destination data, introduce our solution, and present several usage scenarios showing how the tool we have developed supports them.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for liver tumors: Is it safer and more effective in low‐risk areas than in high‐risk areas?
Authors: Tang Zhe , Fang Heqing , Kang Muxing , Zhang Bo , Dong Xin , Chen Xiangming , Xu Jun , Chen Jianke , Wu Yulian 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  To evaluate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic tumors in high‐risk areas (in caudate lobe, adjacent to the hilum, capsular surface, gallbladder or diaphragm) in comparison with those in low‐risk areas.Methods:  A total of 526 patients with hepatic tumor treated with ultrasound‐guided cool‐tip RFA between October 2001 and October 2008 were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to the tumor location: group I (high‐risk areas, 163 patients); group II (low‐risk areas, 363 patients). The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. Repeated RFA was adopted if complete ablation (CA) was not achieved.Results:  In group I, 20 cases had tumors close to the hilum, 11 in the caudate, 79 adjacent to the capsule, 24 near the gallbladder and 29 cases against the diaphragm. The percentage of patients with primary hepatic tumors in group I was higher than that in group 2 (80.4% vs 56.2%, P < 0.01). More patients in group I felt pain (61.3%, 100/163) than in group II (33.1%, 120/363) (P < 0.01). There was no mortality or major complications in either group. No significant differences were found in the CA rate and the minor complications between the two groups.Conclusion:  Results for RFA using cool‐tip electrodes for liver tumors in high‐risk areas are comparable to those in low‐risk areas in the aspects of CA, complications and mortality.
Influence of silt size and content on liquefaction behavior of sands
Authors: Monkul Mehmet Murat , Yamamuro Jerry A. 
Published: June 2011

This study investigates the fines content influence on liquefaction potential of a single base sand mixed with three different essentially nonplastic silts through strain-controlled monotonic undrained triaxial compression tests. Confining stress (30 kPa) and deposition method (dry funnel deposition) were kept the same, while fines content was varied, to solely focus on how different silts and their contents influence the undrained response of the sand under comparable conditions. It was found that if the mean grain diameter ratio (D50-sand/d50-silt) of the sand grains to silt grains is sufficiently small, the liquefaction potential of the sand increases steadily with increasing fines content for the studied range (0%–20%). As D50-sand/d50-silt increases, the liquefaction potential of the silty sand might actually be less than the liquefaction potential of the clean sand. Test results also revealed that commonly used comparison bases (i.e., void ratio, intergranular void ratio, relative density) are not sufficient for assessing the influence of fines on liquefaction potential of silty sands. Finally, relative size of the silt grains should also be considered in geotechnical engineering practice in addition to content and plasticity of fines to characterize the influence of silt on liquefaction potential of sands.
Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by In Vivo Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Orth James D. , Kohler Rainer H. , Foijer Floris , Sorger Peter K. , Weissleder Ralph , Mitchison Timothy J. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Cancer relies upon frequent or abnormal cell division, but how the tumor microenvironment affects mitotic processes in vivo remains unclear, largely due to the technical challenges of optical access, spatial resolution, and motion. We developed high-resolution in vivo microscopy methods to visualize mitosis in a murine xenograft model of human cancer. Using these methods, we determined whether the single-cell response to the antimitotic drug paclitaxel (Ptx) was the same in tumors as in cell culture, observed the impact of Ptx on the tumor response as a whole, and evaluated the single-cell pharmacodynamics (PD) of Ptx (by in vivo PD microscopy). Mitotic initiation was generally less frequent in tumors than in cell culture, but subsequently it proceeded normally. Ptx treatment caused spindle assembly defects and mitotic arrest, followed by slippage from mitotic arrest, multinucleation, and apoptosis. Compared with cell culture, the peak mitotic index in tumors exposed to Ptx was lower and the tumor cells survived longer after mitotic arrest, becoming multinucleated rather than dying directly from mitotic arrest. Thus, the tumor microenvironment was much less proapoptotic than cell culture. The morphologies associated with mitotic arrest were dose and time dependent, thereby providing a semiquantitative, single-cell measure of PD. Although many tumor cells did not progress through Ptx-induced mitotic arrest, tumor significantly regressed in the model. Our findings show that in vivo microscopy offers a useful tool to visualize mitosis during tumor progression, drug responses, and cell fate at the single-cell level. Cancer Res; 71(13); 4608–16. ©2011 AACR.