bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time violence detection and localization through subgroup analysis
Authors: Veltmeijer Emmeke , Franken Morris , Gerritsen Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In an era of rapid technological advancements, computer systems play a crucial role in early Violence Detection (VD) and localization, which is critical for timely human intervention. However, existing VD methods often fall short, lacking applicability to surveillance data, and failing to address the localization and social dimension of violent events. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel approach to integrate subgroups into VD. Our method recognizes and tracks multiple subgroups across frames, providing an additional layer of information in VD. This enables the system to not only detect violence at video-level, but also to identify the groups involved. This adaptable add-on module can enhance the applicability of existing models and algorithms. Through extensive experiments on the SCFD and RWF-2000 surveillance datasets, we find that our approach improves social awareness in real-time VD by localizing the people involved in an act of violence. The system offers a small performance boost on the SCFD dataset and maintains performance on RWF-2000, reaching 91.3% and 87.2% accuracy respectively, demonstrating its practical utility while performing close to state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our efficient method generalizes well to unseen datasets, marking a promising advance in early VD.
Pasture productivity benefits from strategic urease and nitrification inhibitor use are limited in rainfed temperate dairy pastures of southern Australia
Authors: Belyaeva O , Ward G , Wijesinghe T , Chen D , Suter H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Urea is the most commonly used nitrogen (N) fertiliser on Australian dairy pastures, but has low N use efficiency due to high loss potential. Urease and nitrification inhibitors can be used to reduce these losses, however, their efficacy is highly variable and the reported impacts on productivity are inconsistent, with assessments often made using a single inhibitor across all seasons.

Research question
We examined the effectiveness of two commonly used inhibitors, the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBTPT) and the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) applied in a strategic program, on pasture responses to urea (U) fertiliser, and fertiliser N use efficiency in a temperate dairy pasture in Southern Australia.

Materials and Methods
Pasture productivity, N uptake, agronomic N use efficiency (NUAE), 15N fertiliser recovery and soil mineral N were monitored. The nitrogen was applied in the urea form at rates of 160, 320, 480 and 640 kg N ha−1 yr−1

Results and Conclusions
The majority of the plant N (64%-85%), assessed over autumn and spring growth periods using 15N, was derived from mineralised soil organic matter (SOM). Neither of the inhibitors significantly altered pasture production or NUAE, most likely because of the major role of SOM in supplying N to plants, and because much of the applied 15N (up to 55%) was retained in the soil (0-40 cm depth) due to microbial immobilisation. Uptake of fertiliser N was highest, up to 29% of applied N, immediately following fertiliser application and then was substantially reduced over subsequent months, reflecting low levels of mineralisation of the previously immobilised N. The total loss of applied 15N was greater following autumn applications of N than spring applications, being 14% - 42% and 2% - 7% respectively and was attributed to volatilisation occurring primarily in autumn, with minimal leaching and denitrification predicted under the experimental conditions.
Closed paths in graphs vs. voting theory
Authors: Saari Donald G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFeatures of graphs that hinder finding closed paths with particular properties, as represented by the Traveling Salesperson Problem—TSP, are identified for three classes of graphs. Removing these terms leads to a companion graph with identical closed path properties that is easier to analyze. A surprise is that these troubling graph factors are precisely what is needed to analyze certain voting methods, while the companion graph’s terms are what cause voting theory complexities as manifested by Arrow’s Theorem. This means that the seemingly separate goals of analyzing closed paths in graphs and analyzing voting methods are complementary: components of data terms that assist in one of these areas are the source of troubles in the other. Consequences for standard decision methods are in Sects. 2.5, 3.7 and the companion paper (Saari in Theory Decis 91(3):377–402, 2021). The emphasis here is on paths in graphs; incomplete graphs are similarly handled.
Integrated System of Semi-submersible Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation and Porous Shells
Authors: Yao Yisheng , Mayon Robert , Zhou Yu , Zhu Yi , Ning Dezhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel semi-submersible platform is proposed for 5 MW wind turbines. This concept focuses on an integrated system formed by combining porous shells with a semi-submersible platform. A coupled aerodynamic–hydrodynamic–mooring analysis of the new system is performed. The motion responses of the novel platform system and the traditional platform are compared. The differences in hydrodynamic performance between the two platforms are also evaluated. The influence of the geometric parameters (porosity, diameter, and wall thickness) of porous shells on the motion response behavior of the new system is studied. Overall, the new semi-submersible platform exhibits superior stability in terms of pitch and heave degrees of freedom, demonstrating minimal effects on the motion response in the surge degree of freedom.
Bioenergy and Biorefinery Potential of Residues: A Representative Case of the Sucre Region in Colombia
Authors: Cardona Alzate Carlos Ariel , Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo , Ortiz-Sanchez Mariana , Inocencio-García Pablo José , Salcedo Mendoza Jairo , Hernández Ruydíaz Jorge , Otero Meza Daniel D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Agricultural and agroindustrial residues are produced worldwide but these residues do not have a specific use. Then, a high potential to produce bioenergy and value-added products has been wasted. Biomass conversion routes should be proposed based on regional needs, making different upgrading processes more reliable and feasible. Thus, bioenergy applications should be analyzed as potential solutions before analyzing prospective products based on the biomass chemical composition. The objective of this research is to provide an approach for defining potential energy-driven applications of lignocellulosic biomass in developing countries with high availability of biomass sources as a result of the agricultural vocation of a region/country. As a case study, this paper shows the Sucre region in Colombia. A methodological approach to define thermochemical, anaerobic digestion, and biorefining upgrading pathways is provided based on chemical characterization, proximate analysis, fuel properties, and biogas production potential. Corn cobs, rice husk, cassava stem, and subverified cassava stem were the most suitable feedstocks for thermochemical upgrading. Avocado seeds, peels, and cassava leaves were selected as the most suitable raw materials for biogas production. Finally, plantain peel, rachis, and organic food waste were selected as potential and prospective raw materials in biorefinery systems to produce high-value-added products.

Graphical Abstract
All Three Supersystems—Nervous, Vascular, and Immune—Contribute to the Cortical Infarcts After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Dreier Jens P. , Joerk Alexander , Uchikawa Hiroki , Horst Viktor , Lemale Coline L. , Radbruch Helena , McBride Devin W. , Vajkoczy Peter , Schneider Ulf C. , Xu Ran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The recently published DISCHARGE-1 trial supports the observations of earlier autopsy and neuroimaging studies that almost 70% of all focal brain damage after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are anemic infarcts of the cortex, often also affecting the white matter immediately below. The infarcts are not limited by the usual vascular territories. About two-fifths of the ischemic damage occurs within ~ 48 h; the remaining three-fifths are delayed (within ~ 3 weeks). Using neuromonitoring technology in combination with longitudinal neuroimaging, the entire sequence of both early and delayed cortical infarct development after subarachnoid hemorrhage has recently been recorded in patients. Characteristically, cortical infarcts are caused by acute severe vasospastic events, so-called spreading ischemia, triggered by spontaneously occurring spreading depolarization. In locations where a spreading depolarization passes through, cerebral blood flow can drastically drop within a few seconds and remain suppressed for minutes or even hours, often followed by high-amplitude, sustained hyperemia. In spreading depolarization, neurons lead the event, and the other cells of the neurovascular unit (endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes) follow. However, dysregulation in cells of all three supersystems—nervous, vascular, and immune—is very likely involved in the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit underlying spreading ischemia. It is assumed that subarachnoid blood, which lies directly on the cortex and enters the parenchyma via glymphatic channels, triggers these dysregulations. This review discusses the neuroglial, neurovascular, and neuroimmunological dysregulations in the context of spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia as critical elements in the pathogenesis of cortical infarcts after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A comparative retrospective analysis on robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery compared to conventional laparoscopy in case of myomectomy: experience in a third-level hospital of Southern Italy
Authors: Della Corte Luigi , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Ascione Mario , Granata Marcello , Giampaolino Pierluigi , Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUterine myomas are the most common gynecological disease in reproductive-aged women, present several symptoms, and require effective medical and/or surgical strategies. This study aimed to compare robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM) with laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) in terms of operative times, intraoperative estimated blood loss, pre- and post-hemoglobin levels drop, and length of hospital stay. Data from 50 clinical records (25 RALM in Group A and 25 LM in Group B) of patients with uterine fibroids were collected from December 2022 to December 2023 at Gynecological Unit of DAI Materno-Infantile Federico II in Naples, Italy. Patients aged 30–49 years with symptomatic fibroids were included. Data on peri-operative outcomes, including operative time for myomectomy (OTM), overall operative time (OOT), intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), pre- and post-operative hemoglobin levels, and length of hospital stay were analyzed. The OTM in the presence of > 5 myomas was 59 [52–65] vs 69 min [61–96] (p < 0.001) for RALM and LM groups, respectively. Moreover, also in presence of ≤ 5 myomas, a difference was observed in the RALM group 48[43–55] compared to the LM group 53[50–61] min (p = 0.07). The OOT was also statistically significant for Group A compared to Group B (83[65–93] vs 72[56–110] min, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of pre- and post-operative hemoglobin levels and EBL (p = 0.178). Group A demonstrated a notably shorter hospital stay 1.2 [1–2] days compared to Group B 2.9[3–3.75] days (p = 0.007). Our study suggests potential advantages of RALM over LM in terms of reduced operative times and shorter hospital stays. The standardized approach and extensive surgical experience likely contributed to the favorable outcomes of RALM.
Materiality Versus Metabolism in the Hybrid World: Towards a Dualist Concept of Materialism as Limit of Post-humanism in the Technical Era
Authors: Blok Vincent 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe point of departure of this article is the trend towards hybridisation in new technology development, which makes classical dichotomies between machines, human life and the environment obsolete and leads to the post-human world we live in today. We critically reflect on the post-human concept of the hybrid world. Although we agree with post-humanists that human life can no longer be opposed to machines but appears as a decentralized human-technology relation, alliance or network that constitutes a hybrid world, we ask for a limit to hybridisation. After rejecting the concept of metabolism as such a limit, we explore the concept of the responsive conativity of material entities. The principle of conativity of material entities provides a materialist perspective on metabolism, which enables us to conceive material entities as self-assertive material entities that are differentiated from the environment. The principle of responsivity of material entities provides a materialist perspective on the post-human world in which material entities are responsive to each other and form alliances and networks. We propose to differentiate between the conativity and responsivity of material entities and propose the conativity of matter as a limit to hybridisation in the post-human world.
Gaussian maps for singular curves on Enriques surfaces
Authors: Faro Dario 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA marked Prym curve is a triple $$(C,\alpha ,T_d)$$

(
C
,
α
,

T
d

)

where C is a smooth algebraic curve, $$\alpha $$
α
is a $$2-$$

2
-

torsion line bundle on C, and $$T_d$$

T
d

is a divisor of degree d. We give obstructions—in terms of Gaussian maps—for a marked Prym curve $$(C,\alpha ,T_d)$$

(
C
,
α
,

T
d

)

to admit a singular model lying on an Enriques surface with only one ordinary singular point of multiplicity d, such that $$T_d$$

T
d

is the pull-back of the singular point by the normalization map. More precisely, let (S, H) be a polarized Enriques surface and let (C, f) be a smooth curve together with a morphism $$f:C \rightarrow S$$

f
:
C
→
S

birational onto its image and such that $$f(C) \in |H|$$

f
(
C
)
∈
|
H
|

, f(C) has exactly one ordinary singular point of multiplicity d. Let $$\alpha =f^*\omega _S$$

α
=

f
∗

ω
S

and $$T_d$$

T
d

be the divisor over the singular point of f(C). We show that if H is sufficiently positive then certain natural Gaussian maps on C, associated with $$\omega _C$$

ω
C

, $$\alpha $$
α
, and $$T_d$$

T
d

are not surjective. On the contrary, we show that for the general triple in the moduli space of marked Prym curves $$(C,\alpha ,T_d)$$

(
C
,
α
,

T
d

)

, the same Gaussian maps are surjective.
Upcycling of agricultural residues for additive manufacturing: corn straw waste as reinforcing agent in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composite matrix
Authors: Carmona-Cabello Miguel , Herreros Jose Martin , Molero Esther , Lopez-Uceda Antonio , Pinzi Sara , Dorado M. P. , Romero Pablo E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
More than 1.2 billion tonnes of corn straw wastes (CSW) are generated worldwide each year. CSW is a fibrous, inexpensive, light material which is highly available. Currently, there are no pathways to manage such amount of CSW, being mainly burned in open field, with the environmental impact that this entails. In this work, the upcycling of CSW as a reinforcement material to be integrated in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composite matrix for additive manufacturing applications is proposed. ABS+CSW composite material has been used to manufacture 3D printing filaments, aiming to fabricate products via fused filament fabrication techniques. Standardized tensile and flexural test specimens were manufactured incorporating different contents of CSW (ranging from 1 to 5%, w/w) and glycerol (1%, w/w) to ABS: B1-1% (sample with 1% (w/w) of CSW), B2-3% (sample with 3% (w/w) of CSW), and B3-5% (sample with 5% (w/w) of CSW). The maximum tensile stress of the composites slightly increased by 1.3% (for B1-1%), exceeding 10% when B1-3% was used, compared to ABS. Moreover, it decreased to −3% for the specimen made with B3-5. In general terms, the higher the biomass content, the higher the flexural stress. However, the exception was provided by B1-1%, as the flexural stress decreased by 5% compared to ABS. The maximum flexural stress value was reached at 3% SCW, providing a value above 17%, compared to ABS and above 24%, compared to B1-1%. Furthermore, the incorporation of CSW into the ABS matrix resulted in lighter 3D printing filament materials and products compared to the use of ABS.
Multi-objective Optimization-Oriented Generative Adversarial Design for Multi-principal Element Alloys
Authors: Li Z. , Birbilis N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe discovery of novel alloys, such as multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs)—inclusive of the so-called high-entropy alloys—remains essential for technological advancement. Multi-principal element alloys can manifest uniquely favorable mechanical properties, but the complexity of their compositions results in their design and performance being challenging to understand. With the emergence of the materials genome concept, there is potential to pursue novel materials using computational design approaches. However, the complexity of such design often requires immense computational power and sophisticated data analysis. In an attempt to address this, we introduce the application of a new framework, the non-dominant sorting optimization-based generative adversarial networks (NSGAN) in the discovery and exploration of novel MPEAs. By harnessing the power of genetic algorithms and generative adversarial networks (GANs), NSGANs offer an effective solution for high-dimensional multi-objective optimization challenges in alloy design. The framework is demonstrated to generate MPEAs according to specific alloy properties. Furthermore, an online web tool/software applies the NSGAN framework to disseminate the methodology to the broader scientific arena (along with the supporting code made available).
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects Modeling (GLMM) of Functional Analysis Graphical Construction Elements on Visual Analysis
Authors: Dowdy Art , Prime Kasey , Peltier Corey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultielement designs are the quintessential design tactic to evaluate outcomes of a functional analysis in applied behavior analysis. Protecting the credibility of the data collection, graphing, and visual analysis processes from a functional analysis increases the likelihood that optimal intervention decisions are made for individuals. Time-series graphs and visual analysis are the most prevalent method used to interpret functional analysis data. The current project included two principal aims. First, we tested whether the graphical construction manipulation of the x-to-y axes ratio (i.e., data points per x- axis to y-axis ratio [DPPXYR]) influenced visual analyst’s detection of a function on 32 multielement design graphs displaying functional analyses. Second, we investigated the alignment between board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs; N = 59) visual analysis with the modified visual inspection criteria (Roane et al., Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 46, 130-146, 2013). We found that the crossed GLMM that included random slopes, random intercepts, and did not include an interaction effect (AIC = 1406.1, BIC = 1478.2) performed optimally. Second, alignment between BCBAs decisions and the MVI appeared to be low across data sets. We also leveraged current best practices in Open Science for raw data and analysis transparency.
Research Methodology for the Documentation and Analysis Phase of Industrial Architectural Heritage Preservation: The Case of “Nueva Cerámica de Orio”
Authors: Otamendi-Irizar Irati , Azpiri Albistegui Ana , Eizaguirre-Iribar Arritokieta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNotable shortcomings and difficulties can be identified along the cultural-heritage value chain that can result in missed opportunities with respect to vulnerable cultural and architectural heritage, especially in the case of industrial architectural heritage. Shortcomings have been observed in the early documentation stage, which constitutes the foundation for subsequent processes. The objective of this article is to respond to this issue by presenting a research methodology for the documentation and analysis phase and demonstrate its application to an industrial architectural complex: “Nueva Cerámica de Orio.” This article describes the detailed study of the existing documentation through cross-referencing data from various sources. The application of this methodology facilitated the establishment of a general understanding of the heritage asset and its characteristic, providing a solid base for the development of the value chain.
Evidenzfernes Lehrkräftehandeln – braucht die Bildungsforschung eine neue Wissenschaftskommunikation?
Authors: Besa Kris-Stephen 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungLehramtsstudiengänge können lediglich Ausschnitte des benötigten Wissens für späteres Lehrkräftehandeln bieten. Dieses gilt insbesondere mit Blick auf Erkenntnisse aus empirischen Studien, die ohnehin nur partiell auf Unterrichtshandeln übertragbares Wissen liefern und fortlaufend neue Einsichten generieren.Daher scheint es notwendig, dass Bildungsforscher*innen verstärkt Möglichkeiten der Wissenschaftskommunikation nutzen, wenn sie im Anschluss an die Phasen der Lehrer*innenbildung mit ihren Forschungsergebnissen Lehrkräfte im Beruf erreichen wollen und evidenzorientiertes Lehrkräftehandeln befördert werden soll.Im folgenden Beitrag werden Ziele und Beispiele von Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Lehrer*innenbildung vorgestellt und deren Potenziale diskutiert.
An anisotropic hyperelastic strain energy function based on 21 icosahedron fiber distributions
Authors: Rubin M.B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe microscopic Cauchy strain energy for linear elasticity based on the sum of quadratic strain energies due to pair potentials has only 15 material rari-constants. It is shown that the six vectors connecting opposing vertices of a regular icosahedron can be used to develop a strain energy function for general linear elastic anisotropic response with 21 material constants. Specifically, the six strains of material fibers characterized by these vectors are enhanced by 15 fiber distribution strains due to all combinations of distinct pairs of these vectors. These two-vector fiber distributions introduce coupling that is essential to obtaining general anisotropy. The model is generalized for large deformations by replacing the strains with stretches and by using a Fung-type exponential strain energy which couples the responses of the 21 stretches. The resulting nonlinear hyperelastic strain energy function can be used to model the anisotropic hyperelastic response of fibrous tissues.