bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamic Inflammation Improves Through Bariatric Surgery, and Hypothalamic Volume Predicts Short-Term Weight Loss Response in Adults With or Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Pané Adriana , Videla Laura , Calvet Àngels , Viaplana Judith , Vaqué-Alcázar Lídia , Ibarzabal Ainitze , Rozalem-Aranha Mateus , Pegueroles Jordi , Moize Violeta , Vidal Josep , Ortega Emilio , Barroeta Isabel , Camacho Valle , Chiva-Blanch Gemma , Fortea Juan , Jiménez Amanda 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE
Preclinical research implicates hypothalamic inflammation (HI) in obesity and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. However, their pathophysiological relevance and potential reversibility need to be better defined. We sought to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on radiological biomarkers of HI and the association between the severity of such radiological alterations and post-BS weight loss (WL) trajectories. The utility of cerebrospinal fluid large extracellular vesicles (CSF-lEVs) enriched for microglial and astrocyte markers in studying HI was also explored.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 72 individuals with obesity (20 with and 52 without type 2 diabetes) and 24 control individuals. Participants underwent lumbar puncture and 3-T MRI at baseline and 1-year post-BS. We assessed hypothalamic mean diffusivity (MD) (higher values indicate lesser microstructural integrity) and the volume of the whole and main hypothalamic subregions. CSF-lEVs enriched for glial and astrocyte markers were determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTS
Compared with control group, the obesity and type 2 diabetes groups showed a larger volume and higher MD in the hypothalamic tubular inferior region, the area encompassing the arcuate nucleus. These radiological alterations were positively associated with baseline anthropometric and metabolic measures and improved post-BS. A larger baseline tubular inferior hypothalamic volume was independently related to lesser WL 1 and 2 years after BS. CSF-lEVs did not differ among groups and were unrelated to WL trajectories.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest HI improvement after BS and may support a role for HI in modulating the WL response to these interventions.
Implementation of Problem Based Learning on Critical Thinking to Increase Learning Outcomes and Student Activities
Authors: Ramadhana Gery Haris , Sutiani Ani 
Published: May 2024

Learning is required to always be creative in presenting learning materials such as using learning models that can foster student’s enthusiasm in participating learning process, so that students are happy and interested in exploring the lesson in the hope that their learning outcomes will be better. This study aims to (1) determine the increase in student learning outcomes taught with the Problem Based Learning model based on critical thinking is higher than the Direct Instruction model (2) to find out whether there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning model based on critical thinking on learning activities students on acid base material. From the results of the study, it was found that student learning outcomes in the experimental class were 77%, while those in the control class were 62%. The result of the difference in increasing learning outcomes between the two classes is 15%. From the t distribution data obtained t-table = 1.676 while based on calculations obtained price tcount = 3.73 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, based on this analysis means there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning model Learning based on critical thinking towards student learning activities on Acid-Base material.Pembelajaran dituntut untuk selalu kreatif dalam menyajikan materi pembelajaran seperti menggunakan model pembelajaran yang dapat menumbuhkan semangat siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran, sehingga siswa senang dan tertarik untuk mendalami pelajaran dengan harapan hasil belajarnya menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang diajar dengan model Problem Based Learning berbasis berpikir kritis lebih tinggi daripada model Direct Instruction (2) untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah berbasis terhadap berpikir kritis pada kegiatan belajar siswa pada materi asam basa. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 77%, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol sebesar 62%. Hasil selisih peningkatan hasil belajar antara kedua kelas sebesar 15%. Dari data distribusi t diperoleh t-tabel = 1,676 sedangkan berdasarkan perhitungan diperoleh harga thitung = 3,73 artinya Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, berdasarkan analisis ini berarti ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis berpikir kritis terhadap kegiatan belajar siswa pada materi Asam-Basa.
Innovative Project-Based Learning Resources to Develop Critical Thinking Skills of Students in Basic Chromatography Instruction
Authors: Simalango Meilin , Situmorang Manihar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This study is a Research and Development (R&D) aimed at developing project-based innovative learning resources in the form of E-LKM on the topic of Chromatography with the goal of assessing its effectiveness in improving critical thinking skills and students' learning outcomes. The development method used is the ADDIE model with 3 cycles of implementation stages. The development results indicate that the project-based E-LKM has an average total feasibility score of BSNP = 3.85, categorized as very feasible, and an N-gain score of 0.72, equivalent to a percentage of 72%, indicating high effectiveness. During field trials, there was an increase in the average scores M4 > M3 > M1, indicating an improvement in students' abilities in the Chromatography teaching process. Hypothesis testing results show a significant difference between students' learning outcomes before and after using the developed project-based innovative learning resources. Additionally, based on the correlation calculation between critical thinking skills and students' learning outcomes, it was found that there is a significant positive correlation. Thus, it can be concluded that project-based innovative learning resources are effective in improving students' learning outcomes, and there is a correlation between critical thinking skills and students' learning outcomes in the context of teaching chromatography.Keywords: Innovative Learning Resources, E-LKM (Electronic Learning Module), PjBL (Project-Based Learning), Critical Thinking Skills, Chromatography.
Penyuluhan Pengendalian Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Kentang Berwawasan Lingkungan Di Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Sunarto Toto 
Published: May 2024

Kecamatan Pangalengan merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat. Kelompok tani kentang di Kecamatan Pangalengan sebagian besar sebagai penangkar benih kentang. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kelompok tani kentang adalah produksi kentang menurun karena terdapat serangan OPT (Orgsnisme Pengganggu Tanaman). Berdasarkan observasi, pengendalian OPT pada tanaman kentang yang dilakukan oleh petani umumnya masih menggunakan pestisida kimia yang berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan.Dalam rangka mendukung upaya pengembangan produksi benih kentang berkualitas dan penanganan OPT kentang, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran bekerjasama dengan Direktorat Perlindungan Hortikultura Tahun 2023 mengadakan bimbingan teknis “Pengelolaan OPT kentang ramah lingkungan” di Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Pangalengan. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan metode pendidikan (penyuluhan) kepada kelompok tani kentang, dan PPL (Petugas Penyuluh Lapangan) di wilayah Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan bagi kelompok tani kentang dan PPL tentang pengendalian OPT kentang yang ramah lingkungan. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok tani kentang dan PPL tentang cara pengendalian OPT kentang yang ramah lingkungan
Factors and Business Strategies for Making Local Products Successful: Case Study From the Developing Economy
Authors: Thuy Do Minh , Dat Pham Minh 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study provides insights into the factors that determine the success of local products, taking the Hai Phong fish sauce industry as a typical example.

Theoretical framework: The research team utilized qualitative techniques, focusing on gathering and analyzing secondary data across various developing countries, with a particular emphasis on local product brands in Hai Phong City, Vietnam.

Results and discussion: Meticulous consideration of customer preferences and local needs is core to the success and sustainability of local products in highly competitive markets. It is concerned with preserving local culture and heritage as well as promoting ethical and sustainable values, thereby enhancing the overall impact of these products in the regional and global context. bridge. Policy implications recommend creating an enabling environment that encourages using high-quality raw materials and traditional techniques in local product development, and strategic investments in branding and marketing, while ensuring strict compliance with food safety regulations. This study has limitations, mainly related to the focus on Hai Phong fish sauce products, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Research Implications: Future research should include a broader range of products and local areas. Traditional production methods and craftsmanship are essential in product differentiation, cultural preservation, and consumer loyalty. Furthermore, appropriate packaging and branding are indispensable to attract consumer attention and communicate the value of the product. Marketing and distribution strategies enhance product visibility and consumer engagement.

Originality/value: Appropriate packaging and branding are indispensable to attract consumer attention and communicate the value of the product. Marketing and distribution strategies enhance product visibility and consumer engagement.
Identifying the Development Trends of Tourism Marketing Based on Media Technology in Karbala tourism Offices
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Naji , Hosseini Abolhasan , Shirkhodai Meysam , Abedin Bahareh 
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to determine the modern trends of media and their impact on tourism marketing in the city of Karbala, specifically focusing on the role of tourism offices and companies. The study aims to assess the extent to which these media trends influence the operations and performance of tourism offices and companies, identifying both present and absent aspects.

Methods: The study conducted interviews with 15 tourist offices, including managers, experts, and employees, and distributed questionnaires to gather data. The analysis relied on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) system to identify the most important modern means of tourism marketing. Additionally, a field study was conducted to examine how tourism offices and companies utilize media in their interactions with customers.

Results: The study found several key results: 1.Modern media trends have become integral to the operations and performance of tourism offices and companies in Karbala. 2.Social media emerged as the most prominent modern media trend in tourism marketing, surpassing other trends such as analyzing customized messages, creating content, implementing tourism marketing strategies, improving websites, collaborating with influencers, and virtual tourism. This highlights the significant role of modern media, particularly social media, in developing and marketing tourism content for Karbala.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrates the vital role of modern media, especially social media, in tourism marketing for the city of Karbala. The findings underscore the importance of leveraging these media trends to enhance the visibility and attractiveness of tourism offerings. By embracing modern media strategies, tourism offices and companies can effectively engage with customers and promote Karbala as a desirable tourist destination.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO PADA PERUSAHAAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI BEI
Authors: Adjie Jessica Kunta , Lukman Hendro , Simina Juni 
Published: May 2024

This Reseacrh aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect investment Opportunity Set, Business Risk,Managerial Ownership,Institusional Ownership on Dividend Payout Ratio In Infrastructure companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 period . The sample obtained was based on Purposive Sampling method and the final data used in this study amounted 11 infrastructure companies. The data processing technique use IBM SPSS Version 25 software. The result show the variabel Investment Opportunity Set, Managerial Ownership, Institusional Ownership have no significant and negative effect on dividend payout ratio and the business risk variable has a significant positive effect on dividend payout ratio.
Reescribir para descodificar: traducción radicante en <i>El libro de Tamar</i> de Tamara Kamenszain y <i>Tratado de arqueología peruana</i> de Roberto Zariquiey
Authors: Pulido Hernández Claudia 
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this article is to unveil the gesture of rewriting as an exercise of sign translation, which is presented as one of the territories of radicant writing in the works El libro de Tamar by Tamara Kamenszain and Tratado de arqueología peruana by Roberto Zariquiey. For this purpose, it has been decided to guide the research through a comparative literary study of the corpus, which is achieved based on the definition offered by Nicolas Bourriaud on contemporary art in his book The Radicant (2009). In these works we identify an incursion into that “translation-oriented modernity” that Bourriaud himself proposes, since the acts of appropriation that are developed constitute a translation of past voices, which help to clear the signs of previous passages that are contained in hermetic archives, in order to build the present from them.
أثرُ تغيّر حركة عين الفعل الثلاثي دلاليًا ووظيفيًا (دراسة في معجم الوسيط)
Authors: غسان سليمان مريم 
Published: May 2024

من أبرز خصائص اللغة العربية التي ورثتها عن أرومتها السامية هو مجيء كلماتها على ثلاثة أصول من الحروف، وهذا العدد من الحروف الأصول مناسب من جهة البناء , فلا هو بالقليل الضائق عن جمالية اللفظ وإمكانية التنويع فيه ولا هو بالطويل الثقيل لفظًا المتكلّف إنشاءً, وشأنه شأن الأسماء وقعت أغلب الأفعال في العربية ثلاثية البناء, وقد يجيء الجذر اللغوي الواحد على ثلاث صيغ ( فعَل وفعِل و فعُل) , أي بفتح العين و بكسرها وضمها ولهذا التغير في حركة العين أثر في تعيين باب الفعل و وظيفته النحوية ودلالته المعجمية , مثل الجذر : ( أ ج ن) يجيء منه (أجَنَ وأجِنَ وأجُنَ), ولتكرار هذه الحالة اخترت أن تكون الجذور اللغوية الواحدة التي تأتي على (فعَل وفعِل وفعُل ) موضوعا للدراسة , وأن يكون المعجم الوسيط ميدانا للبحث ؛ لدقة مواده وضبطها ولكونه معجما رصينا جامعًا ؛ فقد أشرف على إصداره مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة .
The impact of physical geography factors on the division of Kurdish language – taking the dialect of Surchi tribe as example
Authors: Esmael Faris Ali , Farhad Atif Abdullh 
Published: May 2024

The title of our research is about (The impact of physical geography factors on the division of Kurdish language – taking the dialect of Surchi tribe as example). In this study, we will try to highlight the physical geography factors which can divide a language into several dialects, there are similar factors that divided the Kurdish language into four main dialects, each of which is divided into several sub-dialects, we will also try to focus on a physical geography factor which is the Great Zab River in the territory of ​​the Surchi tribe, which has made the population belonging to the tribe on both sides of the river, although whose main language is Kurdish, their speech styles may differ in terms of language levels, and these distinctions are more noticed by linguists.
In this research, we have done several field visits and interviews with villagers of some villages belonging to the Surchi tribe on both sides of the Great Zab River. After researching and interviewing in these areas, we decided to take two villages as samples of our research, each of which is different in terms of physical geography and speech styles. Zerav village is located on the bank of a river on the right side of the Great Zab, while Kalakin village is located on the left bank of the Great Zab. This study is divided into three main parts: First part concerns Kurdish Language and its dialects, second part is about physical geography factors on division of the Kurdish language, third part presents Surchi tribe, it describes the geographical boundaries of Surchi tribe, then analyzes the speech style of Surchi tribe in general and identifies the phonemes of both villages (Kalakin Sarchia) and (Zerav) in particular, then compare them with each other in terms of phonology.
The Impact of Sticky Note Strategy on Students' Vocabulary
Authors: Ahmed Zireen Jabbar , Saleh Madeha Saif Aldeen 
Published: May 2024

The current study aims at investigating the effect of sticky note strategy in developing vocabulary at Al- Sulaymaniyah University.To achieve the aims of this study, a hypotheses is assumed to be that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of experimental group in pre- and post-performance tests .A sample of sixty two students from the second stage at Al- Sulaymaniyah University were randomly selected to carry out the study's aims and validate its hypotheses. The two groups are divided evenly, with group (A) being the experimental group consisting of (31) students who have been instructed using sticky note strategy. Group (B) stands for the control group consisting of (31) students who have received traditional instruction. Making a pre and post achievement test, both groups have been equalized in such variables such as educational level of parents, English scores achievement in preceding year, and the pre-test of both groups. A posttest is made up of two oral questions and three written questions. The dependability coefficient has been validated using the Alpha-Cronbach method. A statistical study of the items has been done to determine the discrimination power and level of difficulty for each item. As a result, the post-test has been administered to the full sample. The formula for "the T-test of two independent and paired samples' has been employed to statistically analyze the data acquired from the post-test results. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group by using the sticky note strategy. Appropriate recommendations and suggestion for future research are made in light of the study's results and conclusions.
The Situation of Using Kurdish Language in the Law Department at Kurdistan Universities
Authors: Hassan Hazhar Khudadad 
Published: May 2024

More than one language of instruction can be discerned in the higher education system of the Kurdistan Region. In the colleges and departments of pure and applied sciences, the programmes are taught in English or a mixture of English and Kurdish. However, Kurdish is not yet fully relied on in colleges and departments of humanities and social sciences. That is, in some departments and colleges, it is still assumed that the Arabic language is dominant in the learning process. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of use of Kurdish as a medium of instruction in law departments at Kurdistan Region universities. Additionally, to understand the effects of the Kurdishization of education in the law department on the learning process and to unveil the obstacles facing the process of Kurdishization of programmes and teaching, specialised subjects in the law department at the universities of the Kurdistan Region.
The research is descriptive and relies on a survey method to obtain the opinions of 103 students of both genders (male and female) in different stages of the Department of Law at the University of Garmian during the second semester of the academic year (2022-2023).
This research has reached several concluding points, chief among them being that the language used in the student-related activities is Kurdish, while in the teacher-related tasks, Arabic is mainly used. Kurdishization of the law in the law department will also have several positive effects on the learning process, including making students feel comfortable, reducing their level of fear and anxiety, and enabling them to participate in questions, answers, scientific discussions, and classroom activities. Meanwhile, the study found that there are several obstacles to the process of Kurdishization of the curriculum and teaching of law departments in universities, including the lack of a legal curriculum in Kurdish and an underestimation of the capacity of the Kurdish language dictionary for conveying and teaching legal subjects.
Computational linguistics and its role in the Kurdish language Orthography and voice as a model
Authors: Raheem Gulstan Muhammad , Muhammad Dara Hamid 
Published: May 2024

Today information technology has permeated all aspects of life One of the aspect which is directly affected and under hegemony of technology is language, since language is the most important means of communication, and the whole human society communicate and understand each other through language. With any changes and develops (progress) of life society language changes and progresses parallels, this why technology reflected in language
Rather, a special branch of language has emerged is computer language that works on the coordination between computer and language progress The content of this research discuss( focus on) the beginnings of this kind of linguistics( language) and its role in Orthography and phopnology in kurdish language
WHAT MAKES A SUCCESSFUL UNICORN STARTUP FOUNDER? EXPLORING FOUNDERS’ BACKGROUNDS
Authors: Stafeev Artem 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The rapid growth of unicorn startups — privately held startup companies valued at over $1 billion — has inspired researchers and investors to better understand the key factors behind their success. While product-market fit, timing, and business models are frequently studied, this paper dive deeper into the backgrounds of the founders themselves. By analyzing various educational, and professional attributes of unicorn startup founders, we seek to uncover common patterns and insights that might hint at the success criteria of unicorn creation.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Our study adopted an exploratory approach utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods to discover the nuances of unicorn startup founders' backgrounds. Using a dataset of 3925 founders, we identified patterns in unicorn creation. In addition, qualitative insights were garnered through a review of existing literature. This approach provided a comprehensive view bridging the data with theoretical review.

Findings: A significant proportion of unicorn startup founders 1163 of the 3925 examined, had prior entrepreneurial engagements, which underlines the value of experience in high-impact ventures. A pronounced gender imbalance was observed, with a whopping 93% of founders being male, spotlighting potential systemic and cultural barriers in the entrepreneurial field. Fields such as International Relations, Public Administration, and STEM disciplines like Bioengineering and Medical Informatics were represented among the unicorn producing majors. These findings suggest a cross-disciplinary effect resulting in unicorn creation.

Originality: Instead of just focusing on one part of founders’ background, this study combines their education and experiences to give a full picture. This approach makes it unique and adds a new perspective to what we know about successful startups. This new angle can prompt more research and give us a deeper understanding of how unicorn startups come to be.