bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity function between spheric and aspheric intraocular lenses implanted in the same patient. A pilot study
Authors: PERIS‐MARTINEZ C , DíEZ‐AJENJO, MA , GARCíA‐DOMENE MC , MENEZO JL 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To analyze differences in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity function (CSF) between spheric (sIOL) and aspheric (aIOL) intraocular lenses with the same subjective patient criteriaMethods We evaluated 10 patients with bilateral cataract that were implanted in one eye a sn60wf aIOL, and a sn60at sIOL (Alcon, USA) in the other eye. Patients were evaluated at 3 months after surgery. We measured BCVA with an EDTRS chart, CSF with a CSV‐1000 test and pupil diameter in photopic/mesopic conditionsResults We compared the differences of BCVA and photopic CSF between both eyes from the same patient, in order to ensure the same subjective response in both lenses. We used for the analysis a Mann‐Whitney test with paired samples. Mean IOL power of sIOL was 23.1+3D and for aIOL was 22.9+3D,without differences (p=0.4).Mean pupil diameter was 3.1+0.6mm in photopic and 4.0+0.7mm in mesopic conditions. BCVA in sIOL was 0.02+0.03 logMAR units, and 0.01+0.02 logMAR for aIOL, without differences (p=0.13). The sIOL CSF was better than the aIOL, but we didn’t found significant differences at any spatial frequency (p=0.61 for 3cpd, p=0.65 for 6cpd, p=0.27 for 12cpd and p=0.82 for 18cpd).Conclusion VA and CSF are subjective measures to assess visual quality, because depending on the patient’s subjective criteria, the responses of 2 subjects with similar optical quality may differ. We eliminate this drawback when the patient is implanted with both lenses.When we used VA and CSF to evaluate visual quality of patients,we didn’t found a great improvement of aIOL. According literature, differences are significant at 6mm pupil diameter.
Intraocular lens power adjustment calculator after myopic LASIK/PRK
Authors: DIAZ ALEMAN VT , PAZOS M , LOPEZ MJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To develop a nomogram application for allowing simple and efficient intraocular (IOL) power calculations at the time of cataract surgery in postmyopic LASIK and PRK eyes. Keratorefractive surgery has become the most extended technique for correcting preexisting refraction defects in the last 10 years. It is anticipated that the incidence of cataract in these patients will increase over time. Technically, cataract surgery in patients with prior refractive corneal surgery has shown to be as successful as in virgin eyes. However, difficulties have been found in applying the standard methods for determining the power of the IOL in eyes that have had refractive corneal surgery. Therefore, we propose a computerized‐nomogram calculator to facilitate IOL power prediction using pre‐operative data if available or only postsurgical biometric measurements.Methods After literature review, the 6 most accurate IOL power calculation formulae for myopic LASIK/PRK patients were selected: Double‐K (SRKT), Feiz‐Mannis, Latkany Flat‐K, Modified Masket, Haigis‐L formulate and Shammas. DrPhyton 3.11.3 in Linux Fedora 14 environment was used as programming language for developing an informatics application nomogram.Results Our application provides an intuitive and straightforward computer program to achieve a simple solution for a difficult problem.Conclusion A computerized IOL calculator is an efficient way to facilitate the selection of IOL power in patients that have had prior refractive surgery.
Unusual phenotype in a family with the R124C mutation in the TGFBI gene
Authors: UDZIELA M , OLDAK M , FEDEROWICZ A , PLOSKI RAFAL , SZAFLIK JP , SZAFLIK J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report on a Polish family with unusual corneal changes associated with the arginine‐124Methods We report on a 2‐generation Polish family in which corneal phenotype was assessed by slit lamp and confocal microscopy in vivo. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples and all exons known to contain mutation hot spots within the TGFBI gene, were PCR amplified and sequenced on both strandResults Affected family members complained of ocular discomfort, pain and visual impairment. The symptoms in the proband began in the third decade of life, while in the daughter in the second decade and have progressed slowly. Ophthalmologic examination revealed the presence of linear and branching structures within the anterior stroma, typically observed in lattice corneal dystrophy. Interestingly, these changes were accompanied by the presence of highly reflective deposits characteristic for granular corneal dystrophy. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous missense (CGC to TGC) mutation, which changed arginine in codon 124 to cysteine in the TGFBI gene in both affected family membersConclusion Mutation of arginine 124 to cysteine (R124C) of the TGFBI gene represents one of the most frequent mutations detected in patients with lattice corneal dystrophy. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a family carrying the R124C mutation and presenting features of both granular and lattice lesions. The state of compound heterozygosity does not account for the observed mixed phenotype, as no other mutation within the TGFBI gene was found. If corneal buttons are available, histopathological examinations will be carried out to identify the nature of the deposits and better understand the mechanism of the disease
Progression of geographic atrophy and polymorphisms of genes CFH, BF, C3, FHR 1‐3, FRH3 and ARMS2/HTRA in Age‐Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: RECALDE S , FERNANDEZ‐ROBREDO P , CAIRE J , GARCIA‐GARCIA L , MORENO‐ORDUñA M , FERNANDEZ‐GARCIA V , GARCIA‐LAYANA A , SPANISH MULTICENTER GROUP ON AMD S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine if genotype is associated with rate of growth of geographic atrophy (GA) in eyes with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We assessed the relationship of GA progression, with previously identified genetic variants associated with AMD.Methods A prospective analysis of participants in a controlled clinical trial from 9 Spanish Hospitals. Fundus autofluorescence photographs were taken at 0, 12 and 24 months from 214 eyes of 107 patients with GA form and evaluated depending on changes in cumulative area of GA. DNA samples were collected to analyse polymorphisms (SNP) of genes CFH, BF, C3, FHR 1‐3, FRH3 and ARMS2/HTRA. Simultaneous detection of SNPs was based on Multiplex PCR technology and minisequencing.Results Our data show that the 27,1% of patient presented a slow, 38,6% moderate and 34,3% a fast growth in the progression of GA. Individual analysis of each SNP showed that the R102G SNP of C3 gene was significantly associated (P<0.05) with a further increase in the rate of progression of the area of atrophy.Conclusion Our results suggest that the genetic alleles related to the progression of atrophic AMD lesions are different than those to predict establishment of AMD. Supported by Grants FIS PI08/1705, FIS PI11/00898 and RETICS RD 07/0062. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.
Prevalence of visual impairment among the elderly: can it be corrected?
Authors: YEKTA AA , HASHEMI H , KHABAZKHOOB M , SHAFAEE SH , OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , AZIMI A , HERAVIAN J , REZVAN F , YEKTA R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the prevalence of visual impairment,low vision and blindness among the elderly of Sari in north of Iran.Methods Through cluster random sampling, 60 clusters were selected, out of which 20 people were systematically selected for this study. Participants received eye examinations including vision, actual visual acuity (AVA), optimal visual acuity (OVA) and refraction. Non‐cycloplegic refraction was performed with an auto refractometer and the results were checked with retinoscopy and subjective refraction. Visual impairment , low vision and blind were defined as vision worse than 20/60, 20/60 to 20/400 and worse than 20/400 in the better eye respectively.Results In this study, 937 people with mean age of 64.7±7.5 years old (from 55 to 87 years) were investigated. The prevalence of visual impairment, blindness, and low vision, based on actual visual acuity (AVA), were 11.0% (9.0‐13.0 CI 95%), 3.7% (2.5‐5.0 CI 95%), and 7.4% (5.7‐9.0 CI 95%), respectively. These findings were 3.7% (2.3‐5.1 CI 95%), 1% (0.2‐1.7 CI95%), and 2.7% (1.5‐3.9 CI 95%), based on OVA respectively. No significant difference was found between genders, but visual impairment was significantly higher in people over 75 years as compared with 55‐59 years old. The most common reasons for visual impairment based on AVA were refractive errors (68.6%) and cataract (16.7%). After correcting refractive errors, the most common causes of visual impairment were cataract (61.3%) and diabetic retinopathy (25.8%).Conclusion Refractive errors and cataract are the main causes of visual impairment in Iranian elderly. Correcting refractive errors and cataract reduces 85% of visual impairment based on AVA.
Measurement of scleral curvature using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: CHOI HJ , KANG MH , KIM SH 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To work out a way to measuring radius of scleral curvature using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods Twenty four volunteers were enrolled. With OCT, horizontal and vertical images centered on the visual axis and four images centered on the upper, lower, nasal, and temporal limbus were obtained. To evaluate tangential radius of curvature, we used each nasal and temporal OCT image and calculated the radius of a circle, which passes by three points of scleral surface at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the limbus. To evaluate axial radius of curvature, central horizontal, nasal and temporal OCT images were composed to a new one and the radius of a circle, the center of which is on the visual axis and passes by the point of scleral surface at 2 mm from the limbus, was calculated. The differences in radius of curvature were analyzed by the student t‐test and correlation between two axial radii of curvature calculated by two different reviewers was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient.Results The mean axial radius of nasal curvature (13.33 ± 1.12 mm) was significantly longer than that of temporal curvature (12.32 ± 0.77 mm). The mean tangential radius of nasal curvature (15.14 ± 2.63 mm) was also longer than that of temporal curvature (14.18 ± 2.24 mm). The axial radii of nasal (13.33 ± 1.12 mm) and temporal (12.32 ± 0.77 mm) curvature from one reviewer were very close to those (13.01 ± 1.16 mm and 12.33 ± 0.78 mm) from the other reviewer (Pearson correlation coefficients 0.942 and 0.841, p < 0.001 in both).Conclusion Anterior segment OCT is a useful tool in measuring the radius of scleral curvature. Measurement of axial radius of curvature is more accurate than that of tangential radius of curvature, and has a good reproducibility.
Morphormetric changes of optic nerve in experimentally induced type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: KANG MH , LIM HU 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To investigate the morphometric changes of optic nerve and evaluate the effect of restriction of diet in experimentally‐induced type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Thirty Strague‐Dawley(S.D.) rats were divided into three groups. At 13‐week old age, control group (group A) was performed to just open and close the abdominal cavity and partial pancreatectomy was done in group B and C. Group B(ad libitum) was admitted to intake normal diet and group C(restriction) was restricted to intake from 6 week post‐operation until to be sacrificed at 24‐week old age. We measured the size of optic nerve, axon, the thickness of the myelin sheath, the ratio of axon per myelin, the histologic findings of the optic nerve in electron microscopy.Results From the 19th week to 24th week‐old‐age mean blood glucose (mg/dl) was 99.9±11.10 in group A, 399.8±108.42 in group B and 197 ±83.48 in group C(p<0.05). Mean axon size (µm2) was 0.699±0.094 in group A, 0.579±0.089 in group B and 0.672±0.023 in group C(p>0.05). The mean ratio of myelin to axon was 1.155 ±0.121 in group A, 1.667±0.075 in group B and 1.070±0.324 in group C(p<0.05). Disappearance of regular axonal shape was found in group B and lamellar separation of myelin sheath was found in group C.Conclusion Experimentally‐induced type 2 diabetic rats showed morphometric changes of optic nerve during early diabetes even if strict control of blood glucose was performed.
Blood‐retinal barrier serum ferritin transport in mouse retina
Authors: MENDES‐JORGE L , RAMOS D , LUPPO M , VALENçA A , CATITA J , DUARTE CM , SIMõES M , CARRAPIçO B , PIRES VMR , NACHER V , NAVARRO M , CARRETERO A , RODRIGUEZ‐BAEZA A , RUBERTE J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The general requirement for iron is due to its involvement in various heme and non‐heme‐containing enzymes, which are ubiquitously involved in metabolic pathways. Iron accumulation is associated with some degenerative diseases, and in the retina with several retinopathies. Iron transport and cell type involved in iron storage mechanisms in the retina are not completely understood.Methods The iron content was analysed by EDX. Retina ferritin, TIM2 and Scara5 receptors were studied by means of confocal microscopy, rt‐PCR and WB. Horse spleen ferritin (HSF) was intravenously injected in healthy ICR mice and in a murine model of blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown.Results EDX detected iron in perivascular cell lysosomes that significatively accumulate iron in comparison with other cellular compartments. In the lower pH of lysosomes iron is released from transferrin and transported to the cytoplasm. However, this mechanism cannot explain the referred iron lysosomal accumulation. Recently, ferritin was proposed as a new iron delivery protein. TIM2 and Scara5 receptors, that bind to H‐ and L‐ferritin, were expressed in mouse retina, suggesting that serum ferritin can be transported across the BRB into the retinal parenchyma. HSF was intravenously injected and, as expected, ferritin crossed the BRB, probably through TIM2 and Scara5 receptor binding, and accumulated in perivascular cells. In the presence of BRB breakdown injected ferritin was also found accumulated in TIM2 and Scara5 positive cells.Conclusion Serum ferritin uptake could represent a new pathway of iron delivery in the retina and points out perivascular cells as a key element in retinal iron storage.
The effect of infliximab on corneal neovascularization in rabbits
Authors: LEE MA , CHUNG SK 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the efficacy of topical application of infliximab (TNF‐α monoclonal antibody) for the treatment of corneal neovascularization in the rabbit model.Methods With the subject of 12 rabbits (24 eyes), the cornea stroma was sutured to induce corneal neovascularization. 1 week after suture,the corneal neovascularization was confirmed, after which the subjects were divided into 4 groups of 3 rabbits, and the control group was applied sterilized balanced salt solution, and the experiment group was treated with infliximab eye drop of varying concentrations of 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 4mg/ml for twice a day for a week. For each group, the area of corneal neovascularization at day 3 and day 7 were measured and analyzed. At day 7, all eyes were extracted to compare the TNF‐α mRNA concentration by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT‐PCR) and the VEGF activity of corneal neovascular tissue was observed by fluorescence immunostain.Results The area of corneal neovascularization on day 7 was significantly reduced in all three groups treated with 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, and 4mg/ml compared to the control group (p=0.043, p=0.027, p=0.01). On day 7 of the treatment, TNF‐α mRNA was significantly reduced in all three groups treated with 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, and 4mg/ml compared to the control group(p=0.038, p=0.031, p=0.022). Also, in the fluorescence immunostain, the reduced expression of VEGF was confirmed in all three groups compared to the control group.Conclusion The application of Infliximab is expected to effectively inhibit the corneal neovascularization, and further studies for clinical application shall be necessary.
The ocular surface drug correction in patients after LASIK
Authors: SERGEEVA M , KOVALEVSKAYA M , CHERNIKOVA I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Optimization the ocular surface after LASIKMethods Assessed the ocular surface, tear film and tear production before and after optimization in patients after two‐step LASIK in 4 groups. Group 1 (A) ‐ high myopia and low degree of astigmatism ‐ (43), aged 18 to 35 years, group 2 (B) ‐ medium myopia and low degree of astigmatism – (32), aged 18 to 35 years, group 3 (C) ‐ myopia medium or high and medium degree of astigmatism – (37), older than 35 years, group 4 (D) ‐ hypermetropia medium or high and medium degree of astigmatism ‐ (32), older than 35 years. The criteria for preoperative drug correction of refractive surgery to the stage were the following diagnostic blocks: clinical data in diagnosis of dry eye and corneal status, corneal thickness, the definition of clinical refraction, including patient age, antioxidant and immune activity of tears.Results The use of moxifloxacin 0.5% and tear lubricants (such as preparation containing hydroxypropylguar and sorbitol or hydroxypropylguar) in groups A and В, and the use of tear lubricants (such as preparation containing hydroxypropylguar and sorbitol or hydroxypropylguar) in groups C and D after LASIK reduces residual astigmatism and the number of complications refractive surgery.Conclusion We found the dependence tear lubricants choice for optimizing the ocular surface after LASIK from the indices of corneal status, corneal thickness, the definition of clinical refraction, degree of astigmatism, including patient age, antioxidant and immune activity of tears. Pathogenetically substantiated using of preparations containing hydroxypropylguar and sorbitol or hydroxypropylguar after LASIK reduces the degree of residual aberrations.
The role of compliance in optimizing the ocular surface after two‐step LASIK
Authors: SERGEEVA M , KOVALEVSKAYA M , CHERNIKOVA I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Development and evaluation of optimizing the ocular surface after two‐step LASIK, based on complianceMethods Assessed the ocular surface, tear film and tear production before and after optimization in patients after two‐step LASIK in 4 groups. Group 1 (A) ‐ high myopia and low degree of astigmatism ‐ (43), aged 18 to 35 years, group 2 (B) ‐ medium myopia and low degree of astigmatism – (32), aged 18 to 35 years, group 3 (C) ‐ myopia medium or high and medium degree of astigmatism – (37), older than 35 years, group 4 (D) ‐ hypermetropia medium or high and medium degree of astigmatism ‐ (32), older than 35 years. The criteria for preoperative drug correction of refractive surgery to the stage were the following diagnostic blocks: clinical data in diagnosis of dry eye and corneal status, corneal thickness, the definition of clinical refraction, including patient age, antioxidant and immune activity of tears, determine of complianceResults Pathogenetically substantiated the two preparations after two‐step LASIK ‐ moxifloxacin 0.5% and hydroxyproylguar and sorbitol in group A, and moxifloxacin 0.5% and hydroxyproylguar in group B provide medium compliance. Using only hydroxyproylguar and sorbitol in Group C and hydroxyproylguar in Group D demonstrated a high compliance.Conclusion First pathogenetically substantiated the choice of therapy based сompliance in patients after two‐step LASIK.
Use of lissamine green before conjunctival impression cytology and flow cytometry in patients with sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: TOMLINS PJ , BOWMAN S , BRON A , RAUZ S , CURNOW SJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Lissamine Green (LG) is a vital dye that stains damaged epithelial cells in ocular surface disease. Conjunctival Impression Cytology (CIC) is used with flow cytometry, to examine surface epithelial cells. We were concerned that, if used prior to CIC, cell uptake of LG might affect the fluorescent signal during flow cytometry. We therefore studied whether the use of LG before CIC, could cause fluorescence interference.Methods CIC was performed with two autoclaved Supor semicircular filters applied to the lateral bulbar conjunctiva of 6 patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. LG was eluted from a standard strip with a drop of anaesthetic and delivered into the inferior fornix. Two further filters were applied to the medial bulbar conjunctiva. Cells were recovered by agitation for 1 minute, washed, stained and analysed by flow cytometry.Results When compared with samples taken before LG instillation, cells isolated from all 6 samples taken after LG instillation, and excited at 630nm, showed an increase in fluorescence at 665nm. Some increased fluorescence was also noted at 680nm but was within the limits of spectral compensation. There was no observable effect of LG when cells were excited at 488nm.Conclusion Cell uptake of LG is detected by flow cytometry, predominantly in the 665nm channel when excited at 630nm. This persists despite cell washing. Whilst this excludes the use of fluorochromes that emit within this spectrum, the use of fluorochromes excited or emitting at other wavelengths, is feasible after LG staining.
Lacrymal secretion in the non‐affected fellow eye of patients with recurrent unilateral herpetic keratitis
Authors: MGARRECH M , ROUSSEAU A , SAUER A , KASWIN G , BARREAU E , BOURCIER T , LABETOULLE M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess the potential impact of unilateral recurrent herpetic keratitis on the tear secretion of the fellow eye.Methods Patients referred for a recurrent herpetic unilateral stromal keratitis and control patients, age‐ and sex‐matched, with no history of corneal disease. .Dry eye conditions where tested in keratitis patients after a minimum quiescent period of three months. Osmolarity (using the TearLab®), tear break‐up‐time (TBUT), tear reflex (Schirmer I test), and central corneal sensitivity (using the Cochet‐Bonnet aesthesiometer) were assessed in the two eyes of patients and controls. Values were compared using non‐parametric tests, and statistical significance was defined as p<0.05 (2‐tailed).Results Thirty‐five patients (mean age: 52.3 ± 7.3 years) and 35 control subjects (mean age: 52.8 ± 8.5 years) were consecutively included in the study. We found no difference between right and left eyes of control patients. The corneal sensitivity and TBUT was strongly reduced in the affected side (4,85g/mm2 ± 2.0; 4.6sec ± 1.1 respectively) compared to the non‐affected side (0.57 g/mm2 ± 0.13 p=0.001; 7.7sec ± 1.4 p<0,001 respectively). The average tear osmolarity in non‐affected eyes was higher than the average of the highest values observed in control subjects (316.3 versus 303.8 mmol/L, p=0.0001). Similarly, the average BUT in non‐affected eyes of herpetic patients was lower than the average of the lowest values observed in control subjects (7.7 versus 12.2 sec, p=0.0001).Conclusion This study suggests that unilateral recurrent stromal herpetic keratitis induces dry eye condition in the non‐affected eye.