bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Deaminase Isoenzymes in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Nalesnik Milada , Nikolić Jasminka , Bućma Tatjana 
Published: May 2012

Adenosine Deaminase Isoenzymes in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Rheumatoid ArthritisThe aim of this study was determination of the catalytic activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzymes in the serum of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were and were not treated with methotrexate (MTX), and identification of the possibilities of using these biochemical parameters in diagnosing and monitoring the treatment effects in RA. Catalytic activities of total ADA (tADA) and ADA2 in serum were determined by a spectrophotometric method. A statistically significant correlation was found between the total ADA and ADA1 values, as well as between tADA and ADA2 in the serum of all patients suffering from RA. Determination of ADA1 and ADA2 isoenzyme catalytic activities in the serum of patients who might be suffering from RA improves the diagnostic value of total ADA catalytic activity determination. ADA2 catalytic activity in serum can be a useful biochemical marker in diagnosing and monitoring RA. Decrease in ADA1 isoenzyme catalytic activities in the serum of patients suffering from RA who were treated with MTX can help in the observation of MTX therapy effects.
Educational context of Berdyaev's personalism
Authors: Dancák Pavol 
Published: May 2012

Educational context of Berdyaev's personalism
Berdyaev is with his considerations of man rated among multitude of personalists who view man in subtle philosophical - religious reflection. In his philosophical reflection, human personality materializes in transcendence which is an essential part of human being and which characterizes whole world of human experience. Personality is not only any general substantial designation but it is a manifestation of man's uniqueness. Maieutic change of man's thinking and acting is clearly teleologicaly oriented to the creation of Kingdom of God on this earth, in cooperation with the holy Personality. Berdyaev's personalism presents precious contribution to the discourse on philosophy of education about inner certainty of purpose.
Sedes Doctrinae in the Eucharistic Christology of Martin Chemnitz
Authors: Valčo Michal 
Published: May 2012

Sedes Doctrinae in the Eucharistic Christology of Martin Chemnitz
Martin Chemnitz uses thorough exegesis to interpret relevant texts pertaining to the sacraments in the Scriptures. This was not so common in his day and age. Medieval theologians tended to repeat and elaborate on ancient and more recent tradition instead of delving into the mysteries of the original Hebrew and/or Greek text. Chemnitz presents a mature and complex theology of the Eucharist under the title Fundamenta Sanae Doctrinae which later became known as De Coena Domini. We can observe his common theological method here as well.
Complex Approach to Child Sexual Abuse Offender: Pastoral Perspective
Authors: Karkošková Slávka 
Published: May 2012

Complex Approach to Child Sexual Abuse Offender: Pastoral PerspectiveWhether the child sexual abuse (CSA offender is a Christian or not, in one way or another s/he may be in the Church's pastoral field. The article presents up-to-date theological responses toward the CSA offender. Topics cover the moral analysis of the perpetrator's sexual deviant cycle, pastoral analysis of the repentance required from him/her, and it's relation to forgiveness and reconciliation, and also an analysis of particular Church canons that refer to offenders. The author thus hopes to contribute to the correction of naive and highly inappropriate Christian attitudes toward CSA perpetrators and stress that the Church - in spite of many errors in responding to CSA - should be truly dedicated to child protection.
Selected Aspects of Evangelization and the Means of Their Application
Authors: Tirpák Peter 
Published: May 2012

Selected Aspects of Evangelization and the Means of Their Application
"The apostles, prompted by the Spirit, invited all to change their lives, to be converted and to be baptized", because the Church on the journey is needed for salvation. The same Jesus Christ, who is present in His Church, precedes, accompanies and follows the acts of all evangelists, and thanks to Him, their work bears fruit. What happened at the Beginning, is happening throughout the human history again and again. The author of this contribution aims to look into the contemporary forms of announcing Jesus, as it is the innovative nature of evangelization the world really needs to experience in the Church. In the Church that always seeks a human being and wants to freely give him "a drink from the spring of the water of life" (Rev 21:6). This purpose of the Church has been taking new forms and shapes throughout the history, thus reflecting the place, the situation and the historical circumstances.
Anthropometric Predictors of High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in a Rural Population
Authors: Niţă Otilia , Graur Lidia , Popescu Dana , Popa Alina , Mihalache Laura , Boişteanu Daniela , Graur Mariana 
Published: May 2012

Anthropometric Predictors of High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in a Rural PopulationObjective.To evaluate which anthropometric parameter better predicts the high risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) in a rural population.Material and Method.254 subjects were enrolled. We measured weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC) and calculated body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and neck circumference/height ratio (NC/Height). The risk of OSA was assessed by using Berlin Questionnaire.Results.Subjects with high risk of OSA had a significant higher BMI, WC, WHtR, NC, and NC/Height. A higher percentage of those with large WC (≥80cm and ≥94cm for women and men, respectively) (p<0.001), WHtR ≥0.5 (p<0.001), NC ≥40cm (p=0.004), NC/Height ratio ≥0.23 (p=0.002) had a high risk of OSA. Using ROC curves of anthropometric parameters studied we found that WHtR was the best predictor for high risk of OSA, with AUC of 0.760, 95% CI: 0.699 to 0.815.Conclusions.WHtR was the best predictor for high risk of OSA as assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire.
Advanced Glycation End Products Measured by Age Reader in a Group of Patients with Obesity
Authors: Dina Raluca , Vladu Iulia , Dina Ciprian , Mitrea Adina 
Published: May 2012

Advanced Glycation End Products Measured by Age Reader in a Group of Patients with ObesityBackground and Aim: Skin autofluorescence (AF) is a method used to detect the accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in skin collagen using AGE Reader. AGEs accumulation is favorised by chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress and these products may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods. The inclusion criteria for the study were: patients with Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30kg/m2. We excluded from the study patients of black color, because of the principle of fluorescence of AGE Reader, and also patients with diabetes. Patients underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two hours post glucose load, and HbA1c blood samples were analysed. Finnish diabetes risk score for predicting the incidence of diabetes (FINDRISK score) was calculated. Results. BMI had a negative correlation with AF (p<0.005), but Abdominal Circumference (AC) was not correlated with AF (p=0.065). No correlations were found between BMI and FPG, or blood sugar level two hour post glucose load. Glucose level at two hours post glucose load did not correlate with the AF. Conclusion. Our results do not confirm the theoretical assumption according to which AC and BMI, as markers of insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, are associated with the increase in AGEs, or the assumption that postprandial blood glucose levels would have a more important role in the development of chronic complications that AGEs could be pathogenic link. AF is not influenced by short-term variations in blood glucose such as blood sugar level at two hours post glucose load, but it is influenced by FPG and prolonged term variation in blood glucose as HbA1c.
Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2011
Authors: Zimmermann Willi 
Published: May 2012

Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2011
The revision of the Forest Act, the adoption of the Forest Programme 2020 by the Federal Council as well as the preparation of the second contribution period of the New System of Financial Equalisation and Division of Tasks between the Confederation and the Cantons (NFE) shaped, in addition to the routine business, the forest policy of 2011. The parliamentary initiatives on forest and forest policy issues remained of about the same amount as in previous years, while the Federal Court decisions on forest legislation have declined significantly. In various forest-related sectoral policies, the government and parliament made important decisions. In climate policy, the Parliament adopted the CO2 Law. However, this has not yet happened to the revision of the Spatial Planning Act. In nature and landscape policy, the administration has prepared the Swiss biodiversity strategy so far that the Federal Council could send it out for consultation. The revision of the Hunting Regulation, with changes in the management of large carnivores, is nearing adoption. At the international level, the Federal Council has submitted the European Landscape Convention to the Parliament for ratification, and the European forestry ministers have agreed to the preparation of a European Forest Convention.
Vermessung und Sortierrelevanz von Rissen in Nadelrund- und Nadelschnittholz
Authors: Wehrhausen Martin , Brüchert Franka , Sauter Udo Hans 
Published: May 2012

Measurement and relevance for timber grading of cracks in softwood logs and sawn timber
Cracks in timber of Abies alba Mill. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. are of high importance for the optical and mechanical quality of sawn timber products. A sample of 92 logs was assessed in detail before and after the sawing and drying process. The quantity, types and form of cracks were taken on both round wood and sawn product. Emphasis was put on the question, whether cracks take significant influence on the grading results of the sawn timber according to the grading standards DIN 4074-1:2003-06 and DIN EN 1611-1:1999+A1:2002. The assumption that the amount of cracks increases with the log diameter could not be proved. There is a difference between the two tree species as well as between fresh and dried wood. There were no strong correlations found between specific descriptors of cracks in roundwood and the actual amount of cracks in sawn timber.
NPSR1 Gene Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: ROBLEDO GEMA , GONZÁLEZ-GAY MIGUEL ANGEL , FERNÁNDEZ-GUTIÉRREZ BENJAMÍN , LAMAS JOSÉ RAMÓN , BALSA ALEJANDRO , PASCUAL-SALCEDO DORA , CASTAÑEDA SANTOS , BLANCO RICARDO , GONZÁLEZ-ALVARO ISIDORO , GARCÍA ANTONIO , RAYA ENRIQUE , GÓMEZ-VAQUERO CARMEN , DELGADO MARIO , MARTÍN JAVIER 
Published: May 2012

Objective.Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in immune response and is associated with several inflammatory diseases. We investigated the possible contribution of several polymorphisms in the intronic region ofNPSR1to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Genotyping of 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was performed in a total of 1232 patients with RA and 983 healthy controls of Spanish white origin by real-time polymerase chain reaction technology, using the TaqMan 5′-allele discrimination assay.Results.One out of the 7 SNP analyzed (rs740347) was associated with RA [p after Bonferroni correction (pBNF) = 1.2 × 10−3, OR 0.73]. An association was also observed with rheumatoid factor-positive and shared epitope-positive RA (pBNF= 0.011, OR 0.73; pBNF= 0.037, OR 0.75, respectively).Conclusion.Our results show that variations in theNPSR1intronic region are associated with low risk in patients with RA, supporting other evidence that this locus represents a common genetic factor in inflammatory diseases.
Français vs English : histoire d'une rencontre avec penalty... et sans retour
Authors: Crosnier Elizabeth 
Published: May 2012

Derrière ce titre énigmatique se dissimule une réalité peu amusante pour la plupart des scientifiques français touchés par le syndrome du « Publish or Perish ». Dans cet article, nous rappellerons tout d'abord la prépondérance de l'anglais au sein de la communauté de chercheurs. Puis nous dresserons le bilan de nos travaux sur le français et l'anglais scientifiques. À ce stade de notre étude contrastive sur l'écrit, nous ressentons la nécessité de présenter une synthèse et de rappeler quelques points essentiels. Enfin nous exposerons nos nouvelles orientations puisque, de nos jours, les productions en français sortent rarement de l’antre de leurs auteurs, qu'il s'agisse des publications ou des présentations orales. Ce phénomène nous conduit à en examiner les retombées, puis à explorer un aspect différent, notamment les relations entre l'écrit et l'oral à travers les productions des scientifiques anglophones.
Trophoblastic Diseases
Authors: Varga Gino , Honemeyer Ulrich , Maeda Kazuo 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTTrophoblastic diseases are mainly hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma, where the latter is usually the sequela of molar pregnancy and malignant systemic disease with general metastases destructing various tissues and organs till she die. High level urinary hCG, real-time B-mode and color Doppler imaging detect hydatidiform mole in early gestation, postmolar persistent trophoblastic disease is diagnosed by urinary hCG, and treated by prophylactic chemotherapy against choriocarcinoma. Uterine choriocarcinoma and its metastases are diagnosed by hCG and B-mode, color and power Doppler and 3D images detecting rich tumor blood flow. Most choriocarcinoma was effectively treated by primary chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide, etc. Until complete remission where hCG is lower than the cut-off level. Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and epitheloid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) were low in hCG level and high in human placental lactogen (hPL), and show rich tumor blood flow in color Doppler ultrsound. Nongestational choriocarcinoma is rare and usually chemotherapy resistant.How to cite this articleMaeda K, Kurjak A, Varga G, Honemeyer U. Trophoblastic Diseases. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):27-42.
Fetal Anatomical Survey during Second Trimester Screening Examination
Authors: Pintucci Armando , Pinto Vincenzo , Cagno Luca Di , Rossi Angela Cristina , D'Addario Vincenzo 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Screening for fetal malformations is one of the main aims of ultrasonography during pregnancy. In most cases fetal anomalies occur as an unexpected event in not at risk patients: For this reason the only way to rule out congenital malformations is to screen every pregnant patient with a systematic evaluation of the fetal anatomy. The ultrasonic screening of fetal malformations has to be based on a single examination that has to be planned at a gestational age which is advanced enough to visualize most fetal anomalies and early enough to plan further diagnostic tests and allow the termination of pregnancy in the case of severe malformation. The gestational age that constitutes the best compromise between the need of an early diagnosis and the natural history of most congenital malformations is the period ranging from 19 to 21 weeks of gestation. This ultrasonic examination is known as ‘fetal anomaly scan’ or ‘fetal morphology scan’. Some scientific societies suggest guidelines for the optimal performance of such examination. In this paper the minimal standards for an accurate ‘fetal morphology scan’ will be described.

How to cite this article
D'Addario V, Pinto V, Di Cagno L, Pintucci A, Rossi AC. Fetal Anatomical Survey during Second Trimester Screening Examination. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):43-54.
Pathology of the Fetal Neck
Authors: Zvanca Mona , Andrei Cristian , Vladareanu Radu 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Fetal neck is the site of important pathological changes, related to genetic, cardiovascular, lymphatic, endocrine systems.
Among the main neck pathology are fetal hygroma, goiter, teratoma/sarcoma, hemangioma/lymphangioma. Posterior anomalies of the fetal neural tube, such as occipital myelomeningocele or iniencephaly may also be included in this area.
Fetal hygroma is the main pathology, probably related to abnormal development of the lymphatic drainage system. There is a large spectrum of the disease, from enlarged nuchal translucency to generalized edema. Enlarged nuchal translucency is often associated with aneuploidy, particularly trisomy 21 and Turner syndrome (monosomy X). However, the pathophysiology is different for the two aneuploidies. On the diagnostic side, cystic hygromas consist of large single or multilocular fluid-filled cavities, which are usually easily identified during first trimester ultrasound examination. About one-third of euploid fetuses with first trimester septated cystic hygromas have major structural anomalies. In contrast, structural anomalies are detected in only 4 to 10% of euploid fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency.
Enlargement of fetal thyroid gland is accompanied by increased or decreased level of thyroid hormones (hyper or hypothyroidism), but the thyroid function may also be normal. The physiopathology of fetal and neonatal goiter is complex. Causes of fetal goiter include inborn errors of thyroid hormone production, transplacental passage of maternal antibodies, maternal ingestion of antithyroid drugs and other goitrogens, thyroid tumors. Detection of the fetal goiter is facilitated by the associated maternal history, present in most of the cases. By definition, goiter means enlargement of the thyroid gland above the 95th centile of the normal range. Reliable and objective data about fetal thyroid function involves an invasive testing.
Teratomas are large mixed tumors arising from the neck region. Teratomas are cystic, semicystic or solid tumors. They develop from all three germ cell layers. Cervical teratomas are detected antenatally in most cases, as they are large size tumors.
Hemangiomas and lymphangiomas are tumors derived from the endothelial tissue of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. They may develop anywhere in the body, but in the antenatal life and the first years they show a predisposition for the head, neck and axillar area.
Regarding the occipital encephalocele and iniencephaly, even though they represent major anomalies that affect he cervical and cephalic area, from a developmental point of view they are part of the neural tube defects spectrum and should be considered as such especially from a prognosis point of view.

How to cite this article
Vladareanu R, Zvanca M, Andrei C. Pathology of the Fetal Neck. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):55-65.
Sonographic Assessment of the Umbilical Cord
Authors: Raio Luigi , Cromi Antonella , Giocolano Alessandra , Naro Edoardo Di 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
The umbilical cord is not an inert structure, suspended between the fetus and placenta, but it plays an active role and it is involved in several processes afflicting the feto-placental unit.
Its study has to be regarding not only its morphology and morphometry, and the impendance of blood flow by Doppler waveform analysis, but it includes also an analysis of the coiling type and the amount of the Wharton Jelly. The umbilical cord has been considered like an important and huge source of informations, useful to assess the well-being of the fetus and the outcome of pregnancy.
The standardization of ultrasound techniques is the first step to speak the same language and make the study of this structure a fundamental part of well-being fetus assessment.
This article is carefully focused on morphologic, morphometric and functional ultrasound examination of umbilical cord and suggests that any anomaly detected should provide an indication for an intense fetal follow-up, useful for early helpful therapy, preventing serious complication for the pregnancy.

How to cite this article
Di Naro E, Raio L, Cromi A Giocolano A. Sonographic Assessment of the Umbilical Cord. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):66-75.
Liver Vascularity and Function in Fetuses with Trisomy 21
Authors: Zvanca Mona , Vladareanu Radu 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Among the clinical forms of Down syndrome there is a wide spectrum, which includes variable degrees of hematological anomalies. The characteristic type of leukemia for these children is acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), which has an incidence 500 times higher in children with Down syndrome compared to normal pediatric population. Between 4 and 10% of the newborns with Down syndrome will develop a proliferative anomaly of the megakaryoblastic progenitors, named transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD). Trisomy 21 AMKL presents a series of characteristics which separate it from any other leukemia type within a normal karyotype context.
The anomalies of the hematopoietic system in fetuses with Down syndrome may be suspected either by hematological tests—invasive, only for selected cases, or by ultrasound. Assessing the fetal liver size and investigating the blood flow through the hepatic artery may offer information about hepatic function and hematopoiesis in fetal life.
There are a few studies that have tried to offer an insight on this subject, mainly data on normal growth curves of fetal liver and association beween liver hemodynamics and different pathological situations. Also, there are suggestions about a link between the blood flow in the hepatic artery and fetal aneuploidies and structural malformations.

How to cite this article
Zvanca M, Vladareanu R. Liver Vascularity and Function in Fetuses with Trisomy 21. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):97-103.
Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding in Nonpregnant Patients in Reproductive Age
Authors: Wilson Bailey , Plavsic Sanja Kupesic 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as any alteration in the volume, pattern or duration of menstrual blood flow. Abnormal uterine bleeding can be due to a number of organic and dysfunctional causes. This article presents different case scenarios of nonpregnant reproductive age patients presenting with abnormal genital tract bleeding. These cases will allow the reader to identify differential diagnoses related to each scenario and to understand ultrasound findings typical for nonpregnant patients presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The role of B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding is described. Standard treatment methods are also listed for each case.

How to cite this article
Wilson B, Plavsic SK. Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding in Nonpregnant Patients in Reproductive Age. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(1):112-120.
KANET Test: Experience of Zagreb Group
Authors: Tikvica Ana , Miskovic Berivoj , Predojevic Maja , Ivankovic Davor 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
A new scoring system for the assessment of fetal neurological status, Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopmental test (KANET), has been recently published in several journals. Test is based on prenatal assessment of fetal behavior by three-dimensional/fourdimensional (3D/4D) sonography. Assessment of fetal behavior gave a promising opportunity to understand the hidden function of the developmental pathway of the fetal central nervous system. This new test has been proposed by the Zagreb group based on the several years of research. In this review we present the most significant results of the Zagreb group which led to construction of KANET test, basic presumptions of the KANET, and our published results on KANET.

How to cite this article
Miskovic B, Predojevic M, Stanojevic M, Tikvica A, Kurjak A, Ivankovic D, Vasilj O. KANET Test: Experience of Zagreb Group. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(2):166-170.