bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A light emitting device with TiO2:Er3+/ZnO heterostructure for enhanced near-infrared electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Yangyi , Zhang Jian , Yu Wenjuan , Wang Xianbing , Zhou Yuanliang , Li Dongke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) devices based on Er3+ ions doped TiO2 emitting layer have been fabricated by employing a facile sol–gel method. The effect of Er3+ ion doping concentration on the EL performance of TiO2:Er3+ thin film devices was investigated. Moreover, a novel device with the core of TiO2:1%Er3+/ZnO heterostructure was designed and fabricated. The EL performance of the device with optimized Er3+ ion doping concentration and improved structure was significantly improved. The NIR EL-enabling voltage of the improved device is as low as ∼5 V. The attenuated concentration quenching effect and the ZnO film as an electron blocking layer should contribute to the improved EL performance of the optimized device.
Linking Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) for Early Design of Helicopter Primary Parameters
Authors: Qi Keke , Luo Zhengzhi , Zhao Hui , Guo Yuqiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The design of a helicopter involves multiple disciplines and a large number of technical parameters with conflicting objectives, leading to the challenges of multidisciplinary coupling in design and optimization. In the context of the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in complex product design, how to bridge the gap between MBSE and Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO) to accelerate the early design process of helicopters remains an urgent problem to be addressed. The paper proposed an optimization framework that links MBSE and MDAO models for the design optimization problem of helicopters. On the MBSE side, the design optimization problem of helicopters was defined through the descriptive SysML model. On the MDAO side, the specific domain analysis model and optimization analysis workflow were established. The integration of design data was achieved through stereotype plugins and design components, bridging the gap between MBSE and MDAO, and providing accurate engineering data for system design verification. The paper provided an optimization case of a helicopter, with the optimal mission performance of the helicopter as the objective function. Through MDAO analysis, the design optimization of fuel consumption, take-off weight, and rotor dynamics parameters was completed, achieving an integrated process of system design and optimization.
Intercity Traffic Travel Mode Identification Method Based on Mobile Signalling Data
Authors: Sun Jing , Fan Dongtao , Fan Xiaofeng , Liu Xiucai , Luo Zheng , Cao Lu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
With the popularity of mobile devices, the signalling data generated by them provides significant opportunities for studying intercity travel behaviour in terms of data scale and information continuity. However, due to the low quality of the data in spatial accuracy, temporal frequency, and traffic semantics, the accuracy of identifying individual travel modes is low and it is difficult to extend to complex traffic scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new framework for identifying individual intercity travel modes based on mobile signalling data. The framework includes components for data pre-processing, geo-information mapping, feature and attribute extraction, and travel mode recognition. We utilize a comprehensive detection model to identify users’ multimodal intercity transport behaviour. Using two modules, Random Forest Embedding (RFE) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), the model can capture the spatiotemporal characteristics and complex multi-stage associations in intercity travel chains. A large-scale mobile phone dataset from Jiangsu Province, China, was used for verification. The results showed that, on average, the method was able to detect travel mode with 92% accuracy. This study provides valuable support for further research on individual travel behaviour and the enhancement of transportation planning.
Research on the Influence of Cone Angle on the Sealing Performance of Pipeline Joint
Authors: Yang Zheng , Li Junwei , Long Haibo , Wang Ningfei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In order to evaluate the sealing performance of the pipe connectors, we developed a simplified 3D model by adjusting the cone angle of the nozzle and analyzing the contact pressure of the sealing structure, the width of the contact surface, and the equivalent stress as the response quantities. Based on a finite element analysis approach, we found that increasing the cone angle of the nozzle improves the sealing performance, but may negatively affect structural reliability and maintenance. As such, the optimal range for the nozzle cone angle is relatively reasonable between 55° and 60°. Furthermore, we use a sealed interface leakage model to calculate the joint leakage rate under theoretical conditions.
Simulation Study on Acetylene Gas Diffusion Process in Large Transformers
Authors: Liu Rui , Yan Mengkun , Jiang Bo , Yang Tianhe , Qiu Yunhao , Huang Meng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To discover the influence of the diffusion process of acetylene gas in large oil filled power transformers on the dissolved gases analysis results, the diffusion process of acetylene gas over long distances and the influencing factors have been investigated by simulation. In this paper, based on the convection-diffusion equation of acetylene gas in oil, a one-dimensional model for the diffusion of acetylene gas in a 10 m long oil duct is established and numerically solved by the backward difference method. The simulation found that in right-angle coordinates, the concentration of acetylene gas in the oil is uniformly diffused outward, and the arrival time of the gas is related to the flow rate; in polar coordinates, the acetylene gas is mainly concentrated in the area near the defects and the tank wall, and the distribution of the gas content is extremely inhomogeneous, and the homogeneous state can not be reached for a long time. The results show that the simulation of gas production from local defects in large transformers is closer to reality by using polar coordinate form and boundary flux conditions; because the diffusion coefficient is very small in magnitude, the slow flow of transformer oil leads to the predominant convective transfer of acetylene gas.
Study on Influencing Factors of Two-Body Parallel Separation
Authors: Zhao Yuchen , Yang Baosheng , Jiang Yi , Quan Liang , Cai Yunlong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the parallel separation process of two bodies, the initial velocity state and the surrounding flow field environment jointly determine the motion state of the two bodies, which is a direct determinant of the separation process safety. To study the two-body parallel separation process and the influencing factors, this paper adopts the dynamic mesh technique and finite volume method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations and study the influence of the initial separation clearance and velocity state on the separation process. The results show that: with the increase of the initial separation clearance, the separation process safety of two bodies under the action of complex flow field may decrease; the effect is poor when the two bodies are separated at rest, and a suitable initial velocity state is beneficial to improve the separation safety to achieve the purpose of safe separation, and the two bodies show different separation processes under different initial velocity states.
Simulation Study of Crack Extension in Concrete Blast Walls Under Blast Impacts
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ni , Zhang Shuai , Huang Luo-Xin , Yang Dan , Ling Shi-Yue , Liu Xue-Meng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To study the crack propagation law of concrete blast wall (CBW) under explosion impact, this paper uses ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software to numerically simulate the crack growth law under the influence of different explosion loads and explosion distances. The results show that: after the explosion, the change of composite velocity of each measuring point on the wall at a certain distance from the explosion point is mainly divided into three stages: explosive initiation stage, the composite velocity and acceleration of each measuring point are zero; In the accelerated crack growth stage, the acceleration of each measuring point reaches the peak value; At the stage of uniform crack growth, the crack will no longer accelerate its diffusion. When the explosion distance is fixed, the explosion load is positively correlated with the number of radial cracks; When the explosion load is small, there are only inconspicuous circumferential cracks in the center of the wall. When TNT equivalent is 15g, 25g, and 30g, CBW circumferential cracks increase and mainly concentrate in the center, and gradually expand outward to the boundary in the form of concentric circles. At the same time, when the explosion load is constant, the explosion distance is negatively related to the number of cracks, mainly radial cracks, while circumferential cracks are always distributed in the center of the wall. In the range of simulated explosion distance, the cracks only appear at the boundary and gradually change from square to round with the increase of explosion distance, and the crack area decreases. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for avoiding such accidents and a powerful reference for accident investigators to determine the location and intensity of explosion sources.
Seismic Analysis of Large-Scale Air Duct Hanger Based on ASME-AG1 Specifications
Authors: Wang Long , He Zhaokui , Wang Hehui , Pan Jian , Tang Yi , Liu Xiaohan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For large-caliber mid-pressure ducts and its supporting rack systems, use the combination of shell units, beam units, and contact units to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of reality structure characteristics. Analyze the inherent frequency of the system. Based on modal analysis results, the eight-level earthquake response spectrum in Shanghai is used as input, a multi-point response spectrum analysis under OBE seismic conditions is performed on the rack system. According to the ASME AG-1 specification, the stress intensity and deformation stiffness assessment of the branch line-type structure under the combination of OBE operating conditions are evaluated. Results showed that the optimal form of the air tube of the A-B section was to increase the seismic oblique support and the inner wall was reinforced. The modeling and assessment methods in the paper have a certain reference value for large-scale duct resistance design and safety assessment.
Optimization Design of Rocket Deflector Channel Surface Based on Kriging Surrogate Model
Authors: Qu Siju , Zhao Yuanyang , Zhang Jingli , Yang Baosheng , Wang Xinyu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to optimize the gas flow environment of a rocket’s deflector channel. Numerical calculations and analysis were conducted on the influencing factors of a certain type of single-sided deflector channel, with the injection coefficient used as the evaluation index for the flow clearance. The study identified the deflector channel’s impact angle, curvature diameter of the bending section, and distance from the top of the deflector surface to the bottom as important structural parameters. There exists a complex nonlinear relationship between these parameters and the gas flow guiding effect of the deflector channel. The kriging surrogate model was employed for the optimization of the deflector channel’s surface. The results showed that, while meeting the basic requirements of the deflector channel, the optimized design improved the gas flow guiding effect by 27.58%, significantly enhancing the gas flow environment. The optimization error was within 1%, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the optimization. This study provides a reference for the future design and optimization of gas flow deflector channels, with the potential to improve the performance and efficiency of rocket deflector channels.
Analysis of the Influence of Peripheral Light Shelves on Building Lighting
Authors: Yu Liang , Lu Jianwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Due to the design problems in modern architecture, it often appears that although the sunlight of the building is sufficient, the lighting quality of the building interior is not good. Due to the reasons of lighting, shading and interior layout, the phenomenon of glare and uneven distribution of light often occurs in buildings. Therefore, it is recommended to use light shelves to reduce problems such as glare and improve the indoor light environment comfort. The effects of six different widths and five different heights of peripheral light shelves on DF, UDI, GA and Uniformity Ratio of Daylighting are analyzed. The results show that the width and height of light shelves have no improvement effect on DF. The height of the light shelves has an improvement effect on indoor UDI, but the width does not; The width and height of light shelves can improve GA and Uniformity Ratio of Daylighting.
DarkSide-20k Veto Photon-Detector Units: construction and characterization
Authors: Franchini P. ,   the DarkSide-20k collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
DarkSide-20k is a global direct dark matter search experiment situated underground at LNGS (Italy), designed to reach a total exposure of 200 tonne-years nearly free from instrumental backgrounds. The core of the detector is a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with 50 tonne of low-radioactivity liquid argon.
The entire TPC wall is surrounded by a gadolinium-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (Gd-PMMA), which acts as a neutron veto, immersed in a second low-radioactivity liquid argon bath enclosed in a stainless steel vessel. The neutron veto is equipped with large-area Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) array detectors, placed on the outside of the TPC wall. SiPMs are arranged in a compact design meant to minimize the material used for PCBs, cables and connectors: the so-called Veto Photon-Detector Units (vPDUs).

A vPDU comprises 16 vTiles, each containing 24 SIPMs, together with front-end electronics, and a
motherboard, which distributes voltage and control signals, sums vTiles channels, and drives the
electrical signal transmission. The neutron veto will be equipped with 120 vPDUs. The paper will
focus on the production of the first vPDUs, describing the assembly chain in the U.K. institutes, in
order to underline the rigorous QA/QC procedures, up to the final characterization of the first
completed prototypes. Tests will be extensively performed in liquid nitrogen baths either for the
single vTiles and for the assembled vPDUs, with the purpose of assigning a “quality passport” to
each component.
PICMIC-0: a 5 μm pitch hexagonal pixel sensor with an original tri-axis readout
Authors: Abreu H. , Bechetoille E. , Bertolone G. , Claus G. , Colledani C. , Combaret C. , Doziere G. , Hu-Guo C. , Laktineh I. , Mathez H. , Pham H. , Specht M. , Valin I. , Zhang L. , Zhao Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present in this paper a new sensor called PICMIC-0 that is intended to exploit the
intrinsic spatial resolution of the MicroChannel Plate (MCP) detectors. Manufactured using 6-metal
TowerJazz 180 nm wafer technology, the sensor features hexagonal charge collection pixels on the
top metal layer with a pitch of 5 μm and covering an area of 7.4 × 6.4 mm2. The 2
million of the pixels of this sensor are not read out individually.

Each pixel is connected to a straight-line in either 0°, 120° or -120° orientation, in which a current is produced in case of a hit. Each of these readout strip-lines is connected to a readout cell which receives this current, amplifies it using a current mirror and converts it into a digital signal by means of a current comparator. The data is collected from the digital outputs of the readout cells using a priority encoder readout scheme and transmitted in frames of 400 ns. This projective readout system reduces the number of channels to be read out from 2 million pixels to 2556 readout cells integrated within the pixel matrix. Using three projections reduces the ambiguity in case of multiple hits.
Assessing readability of the text in ancient paper fragments by a photometric statistical analysis
Authors: Franchi Martina , Colonnese Stefania , Cedola Alessia , Barelli Lia , Morretta Simona 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ancient documents are important historical sources that are often found in a fragmented
condition due to their conservation status. In this study, we examined fragments of paper found in
1996 during excavation of the
Santi Quattro Coronati
complex, in Rome. The archaeological site
where the fragments were found is situated on the first floor of the tower within the
complex. This location was used as a disposal pit approximately between the 15th and 16th
centuries. The fragments exhibit text discoloration, hindering automatic recognition and human
readability. To reveal the faded text, the fragments have been digitalized, converted into a
perceptually uniform color space and the contrast has been enhanced. The photometric
characteristics of the input and enhanced images have been statistically characterized, and the
contrast enhancement assessed by a state-of-the-art metric. The statistical analysis of the text
colour coordinates was carried out to develop supervised and unsupervised image segmentation,
isolating the text.

The results of the method show that it effectively identifies text regions within images, improving readability, even for faded text. It can be integrated into deep learning-based character recognition systems, facilitating the automatic analysis of historical handwritten documents.
Photon-counting detector step-wedge calibration enabling water and iodine material decomposition
Authors: Rodesch Pierre-Antoine , Richtsmeier Devon , Murphy Kevin , Iniewski Kris , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) has
demonstrated improvements in conventional image quality compared to
energy integrating detector (EID) CT. PCD-CT has the advantage of
being able to operate in conventional and spectral mode
simultaneously by sorting photons according to selected energy
thresholds. However, to reconstruct spectral images PCD-CT requires
extensive calibration and specifically fine-tuning a spectral
response. This response is then used to perform material
decomposition (MD). We propose a step-wedge phantom made of water
and iodine to calibrate a prototype PCD-CT system. Four methods were
tested and compared based on calibration accuracy and CT image
quality. The exhaustive PCD response was not well calibrated, but a
reduced model was defined that was able to perform accurate
water/iodine MD and to reduce the ring artifact intensity. The
impact of the number of energy bins (from two to seven) was also
studied. The number of bins did not affect the spectral
accuracy. However, compared to the two energy bin configuration, the
seven bin configuration decreased the noise by 10% and 15% in the
water and iodine maps, respectively. The model was tested on ex-vivo tissue samples injected with iodine to demonstrate
the results of the water/iodine MD on biological materials.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of cooperative antimicrobial resistance in a population of fluctuating volume and size
Authors: Hernández-Navarro Lluís , Asker Matthew , Mobilia Mauro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to drugs (AMR), a global threat to human and animal health, is often regarded as resulting from cooperative behaviour. Moreover, microbes generally evolve in volatile environments that, together with demographic fluctuations (birth and death events), drastically alter population size and strain survival. Motivated by the need to better understand the evolution of AMR, we study a population of time-varying size consisting of two competing strains, one drug-resistant and one drug-sensitive, subject to demographic and environmental variability. This is modelled by a binary carrying capacity randomly switching between mild and harsh environmental conditions, and driving the fluctuating volume (total amount of nutrients and antimicrobials at fixed concentration), and thus the size of the community (number of resistant and sensitive cells). We assume that AMR is a shared public good when the concentration of resistant cells exceeds a fixed concentration cooperation threshold, above which the sensitive strain has a growth advantage, whereas resistant cells dominate below it. Using computational means, and devising an analytical treatment (built on suitable quenched and annealed averaging procedures), we fully characterise the influence of fluctuations on the eco-evolutionary dynamics of AMR, and notably obtain specific strain fixation and long-lasting coexistence probabilities as a function of the environmental variation rate and cooperation threshold. We find that microbial strains tend to coexistence, but demographic fluctuations eventually lead to the extinction of resistant or sensitive cells for small or large values of the concentration cooperation threshold, respectively. This also holds for dynamic environments, whose specific properties determine the extinction timescale.
Optimization of wheat flour and purple sweet potato paste for texture, specific volume, and bread color using the mixture design method
Authors: Apriliyanti M W , Suryaningsih W , Kurnianto M F , Saleh A S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wheat flour is one of the important ingredients in bread processing because it contains gluten which greatly affects the character of the bread. In this research, wheat flour was substituted with purple sweet potato paste to reduce dependence on the use of wheat flour. Purple sweet potato has the potential for processing food products because of its nutritional content and very attractive natural purple color. This research uses the Optimal Custom Design Mixture Design Method which consists of two factors, namely wheat flour (40-90%) and purple sweet potato paste (10-40%) on 5 physical characteristic responses, namely texture, specific volume, color L, color a, and color b. The data were analyzed using expert design 13 with 8 formulations. The results show that the optimization of the wheat flour formulation 65.025% and purple sweet potato paste 34.975% is predicted to produce bread with a texture value of (texture analyzer) 2.945 N, specific volume 3.488 cm3/g, color L brightness level is 57.650%, color a is 3.410, and color b is 11.910 (manual method of color reader tool) with a desirability of 0.613.
Different concentrations of maltodextrin and albumin influenced the quality characteristics and hedonic acceptance of sorghum powder drinks
Authors: Romulo A , Aurellia C A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sorghum emerges as a promising choice for developing nutritional powdered beverages, employing the foam mat drying technique with ingredients like maltodextrin and egg white powder. Yet, the precise impact of these components on the quality of powdered beverages remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of maltodextrin (10-30%) and egg white powder (4-5%) on moisture content, color, antioxidant activity, and hedonic acceptance in sorghum-based beverages. Nine formulations were assessed, indicating that increased maltodextrin and egg white powder decreased water content (from 4.88% to 3.96%) and resulted in a lightness (L*) value exceeding 80. Generally, higher concentrations of maltodextrin (>10%) and egg white powder (4.5%) elevated the a* and b* values. Furthermore, elevated quantities of these components led to reduced antioxidant capacity (from 0.00013 to 0.00028 mg TE/g sample) and total phenols (from 9.98 to 4.84 mg GAE/g sample) in the beverages. Notably, egg white powder significantly influenced (p<0.05) the overall liking of the sorghum beverage.