bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homing of the Bone Marrow‐Derived Interstitial Cells of Cajal is Decreased in Diabetic Mouse Intestine
Authors: Li Yimin , Kojima Hideto , Fujino Kazunori , Matsumura Kazuhiro , Katagi Miwako , Urabe Hiroshi , Chan Lawrence , Eguchi Yutaka , Zhao Linghui , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which express c‐Kit receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), play an important role in gastrointestinal motility. Loss of ICCs likely contributes to diabetic gastrointestinal motility disorder, however, the mechanism of attrition remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that the bone marrow‐derived progenitors are an important source of intestinal ICCs and that decreased homing of these progenitors in diabetes contributes to ICC diminution.Methods:  Wild type mice were X‐ray irradiated, transplanted with bone marrow (BMT) from green fluorescence protein (GFP)‐transgenic (TG)‐mice and subsequently made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Intestinal homing of GFP‐positive bone marrow‐derived cells was examined 2 or 5 months after STZ treatment.Results:  In the BMT‐mice, we found many GFP‐positive bone marrow‐derived cells (BMDCs) in most parts of the intestinal area, the number of BMDCs was significantly decreased in diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic controls. As a representative area, we further examined the myenteric plexus of the proximal small intestine, and found that the cell numbers of ICCs marked by c‐Kit‐positive immunoreactivity were decreased by more than 40% in diabetic versus nondiabetic mice. Furthermore, numbers of c‐Kit+/GFP+ and c‐Kit+/GFP‐ cells were similar in nondiabetic mice, and decreased by 45.8% and 42.0%, respectively, in diabetic mice.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the decreased homing from the bone marrow is a major cause of ICC loss in the intestine in diabetes mellitus.
Sputum zinc concentration and clinical outcome in older asthmatics
Authors: JAYARAM LATA , CHUNILAL SANJEEV , PICKERING SANDY , RUFFIN RICHARD E. , ZALEWSKI PETER D. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Mouse models of asthma show that zinc deficiency is associated with airway inflammation (AI), which is attenuated by zinc supplements. Whether zinc has a similar role in the human airway remains controversial, with studies demonstrating both high and low plasma zinc concentrations [Zn] in asthmatic patients compared with control subjects. This variability may reflect the inability of plasma measurements to accurately assess airway zinc levels. Examination of induced sputum is an established technique for measuring AI and mediators of inflammation. Recent advances allow measurement of the rapidly exchangeable (labile) and total zinc pools in sputum. The aims of this study were to measure labile and total [Zn] in sputum and plasma of subjects with or without asthma, and second to correlate [Zn] with symptoms, asthma severity, lung function (FEV1) and airway hyper‐responsiveness.Methods:  A total of 163 subjects (114 with asthma) completed a single visit for sputum induction and a blood test. Labile and total [Zn] were measured by Zinquin fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results:  The mean (SD) age of subjects with and without asthma was 55 (14) and 57 (14) years, respectively. Baseline FEV1 was significantly lower in subjects with asthma (94.2 (16)%) than in those without asthma (103 (16.6)%). Sputum total and labile [Zn] were lower in subjects with asthma compared with control subjects, with median (interquartile range) values of 31.8 (117) versus 50 (188.5), P = 0.02 and 0 (48) versus 26 (84.5) µg/L, P = 0.05, respectively. Increased frequency of wheeze, as well as asthma severity and reduced FEV1, was associated with significantly lower labile sputum [Zn].Conclusions:  These findings suggest that sputum [Zn] reflect clinical outcomes and underlying AI, suggesting a potential role for zinc as a biomarker in asthma.
Probiotic, zinc and lactose‐free formula in children with rotavirus diarrhea: Are they effective?
Authors: Dalgic Nazan , Sancar Mesut , Bayraktar Banu , Pullu Mine , Hasim Ozlem 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc, probiotic bacteria, and lactose‐free formula and their different combinations in the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in young children.Methods: Eight different treatment groups were formed: group 1, 60 patients receivingSaccharomyces boulardii; group 2, 60 patients receiving zinc; group 3, 60 patients receiving lactose‐free formula; group 4, 60 patients receivingS. boulardiiplus zinc; group 5, 60 patients receivingS. boulardiiplus lactose‐free formula; group 6, 60 patients receiving zinc plus lactose‐free formula; group 7, 60 patients receivingS. boulardiiplus zinc plus lactose‐free formula; group 8, 60 patients receiving only oral and/or parenteral rehydration solutions.Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the time to resolution of fever after intervention between the treatment groups and the control group. The time to resolution of vomiting was significantly lower in group 4 compared with groups 1 and 5. The duration of diarrhea was significantly reduced in groups 2 and 4 compared to control. A statistically significant difference in the duration of hospitalization was observed for the groups 2 and 4 in comparison to the control group.Conclusions: A different combination of adjunct therapies did not seem to bring additional value to rehydration therapy in children with rotavirus diarrhea except for in those receiving only zinc and zinc plusS. boulardii. Further studies are required to determine the optimal protocol of adjunct therapy use in children with rotavirus diarrhea.
Vascular, renal and placental effects on pregnant offspring of protein‐restricted rat dams
Authors: Musha Yuka , Itoh Shigeru , Miyakawa Miho , Ohtsuji Mareki , Hanson Mark A. , Kinoshita Katsuyuki , Takeda Satoru 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  Our previous study showed that a maternal low‐protein diet induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction in rat offspring after day 175. In the present study, we hypothesized that these female offspring would develop hypertension in their own pregnancies even at ages less than 175 days because potential vascular dysfunction is exacerbated by the circulatory demands of pregnancy.Material and Methods:  Wistar rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing either 18% (control group) or 9% (low‐protein group) casein throughout pregnancy. The female offspring were fed standard chow and mated between days 70 and 125. At the end of pregnancy, blood pressure was measured, and the uterine arteries were dissected and investigated with a wire myograph.Results:  Placental weights were significantly lower in offspring of the low‐protein group versus control. There were no significant differences in blood pressure. Renal expression of AT1 receptor mRNA was greater, and of AT2 receptor was less, in the low‐protein group versus control. Vasoconstriction of uterine arteries to phenylephrine and U46619 was increased in the low‐protein group, and vasodilatation to sodium nitroprusside was also increased.Conclusion:  Low‐protein diet induces vascular effects on female offspring in their pregnancy, in terms of increased uterine artery vasoconstriction. This may be compensated for by increased sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO), maintaining blood pressure normal in the face of the demands of pregnancy. Such renal and vascular effects, combined with placental size, may transmit risk of vascular dysfunction to subsequent generations.
Case of atypical polypoid adenomyoma that possibly underwent a serial progression from endometrial hyperplasia to carcinoma
Authors: Fukuda Mami , Sakurai Nobuyuki , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Taoka Hideki , Asakawa Yasuyuki , Kurasaki Akiko , Oharaseki Toshiaki , Takahashi Kei , Kubushiro Kaneyuki 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAtypical polypoid adenomyoma is a rare uterine tumor composed of atypical endometrial glands, which often exhibit squamous metaplasia, and a cellular smooth muscle stroma. Although atypical polypoid adenomyoma is categorized as a benign lesion, it is reportedly associated with endometrial cancer, and it shows persistence and recurrence even after conservative medical treatment. We present a rare case of atypical polypoid adenomyoma that possibly underwent a serial pathological change from endometrial hyperplasia to carcinoma in a 40‐year‐old woman with no history of pregnancy. She was diagnosed with atypical polypoid adenomyoma during polypectomy surgery. After resecting the atypical polypoid adenomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia complex was detected. This condition eventually progressed from atypical hyperplasia complex to endometrial adenocarcinoma, and total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. A patient with atypical polypoid adenomyoma who wishes to preserve her fertility should be carefully monitored for endometrial carcinoma. If endometrial hyperplasia is detected in such a patient, a meticulous follow‐up examination by performing endometrial biopsy is mandatory.
Long‐term cumulative pregnancy rate in women with unexplained infertility after laparoscopic surgery followed by in vitro fertilization or in vitro fertilization alone
Authors: Shimizu Yoshihiko , Yamaguchi Wakasa , Takashima Akiko , Kaku Shoji , Kita Nobuyuki , Murakami Takashi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAims:  Laparoscopy has been performed in women with unexplained infertility, but the recent trend is to commence in vitro fertilization (IVF) without prior laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not laparoscopic surgery is necessary for these patients.Material & Methods:  With a diagnosis of unexplained infertility, 51 women underwent laparoscopic surgery followed by IVF (laparoscopy group) and 41 women underwent IVF without prior laparoscopy (IVF group). We reviewed these two groups retrospectively and evaluated the cumulative pregnancy rate.Results:  In the laparoscopy group, 16 of the 51 women became pregnant spontaneously soon after surgery. Twenty‐three patients became pregnant with IVF. In the IVF group, 32 patients became pregnant with IVF. Two of the 41 women became pregnant spontaneously while waiting to commence IVF.Conclusion:  Laparoscopy should be offered as an option for younger patients who desire spontaneous pregnancy because there was no significant difference of the cumulative pregnancy rate between the groups.
Microbial communities in bulk fluids and biofilms of an oil facility have similar composition but different structure
Authors: Stevenson Bradley S. , Drilling Heather S. , Lawson Paul A. , Duncan Kathleen E. , Parisi Victoria A. , Suflita Joseph M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe oil–water–gas environments of oil production facilities harbour abundant and diverse microbial communities that can participate in deleterious processes such as biocorrosion. Several molecular methods, including pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA libraries, were used to characterize the microbial communities from an oil production facility on the Alaskan North Slope. The communities in produced water and a sample from a ‘pig envelope’ were compared in order to identify specific populations or communities associated with biocorrosion. The ‘pigs’ are used for physical mitigation of pipeline corrosion and fouling and the samples are enriched in surface‐associated solids (i.e. paraffins, minerals and biofilm) and coincidentally, microorganisms (over 105‐fold). Throughout the oil production facility, bacteria were more abundant (10‐ to 150‐fold) than archaea, with thermophilic members of the phyla Firmicutes (Thermoanaerobacter and Thermacetogenium) and Synergistes (Thermovirga) dominating the community. However, the structure (relative abundances of taxa) of the microbial community in the pig envelope was distinct due to the increased relative abundances of the genera Thermacetogenium and Thermovirga. The data presented here suggest that bulk fluid is representative of the biofilm communities associated with biocorrosion but that certain populations are more abundant in biofilms, which should be the focus of monitoring and mitigation strategies.
The first 3 years of national bowel cancer screening at a single UK tertiary centre
Authors: Gupta S. , Saunders B. P. , Fraser C. , Kennedy R. H. , Ignjatovic A. , Sala S. , Marshall S. , Suzuki N. , Vance M. , Thomas‐Gibson S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim  St Mark’s Bowel Cancer Screening Centre commenced screening in October 2006 as a contributor to the national programme. The first 35 months’ experience is reported.Method  Individuals with a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) were offered colonoscopy or alternatives if they had significant comorbidity. All screening data were collected prospectively.Results  Of the 98 815 FOBT kits issued, 42 523 were returned (43% uptake; 20.79% men). In total, 1339/1488 (90%) FOBT‐positive participants attended the nurse clinic (57% men). Of these, 1057 had an index colonoscopy, 115 had a computed tomography colonoscopy (CTC) and eight had a flexible sigmoidoscopy. Five hundred and seventeen (44%) procedures were ‘normal’ (no polyps/cancers). Eighty (6%) individuals had colorectal cancer. The polyp detection rate in index procedures, including colonoscopy, CTC and flexible sigmoidoscopy, was 50%. The adenoma detection rate of all colonoscopies was 62.8%. The median polyp size was 5 (1–80) mm. In total, 1200 colonoscopies were performed by five accredited colonoscopists (96% completion rate). There were 13 (1%) adverse events with < 1 in 500 patients undergoing polypectomy requiring a transfusion. There was one 30‐day postsurgical mortality, one perforation and no colonoscopy‐related mortality. Almost all 39/40 (97%) patients in the BCS programme felt that the findings were adequately explained compared with 21/32 (64%) elective patients (P < 0.001) within the same unit.Conclusions  At this bowel cancer screening single centre, colonoscopy completion rates were high (unadjusted caecal intubation rate of 96%) and complication rates were low. In contrast to other published data, the uptake and cancer‐detection rates were lower.
Sacral nerve stimulation in the elderly
Authors: George A. T. , Kalmar K. , Goncalves J. , Nicholls R. J. , Vaizey C. J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim  Increasing life expectancy will increase the number of elderly patients with faecal incontinence. The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in patients over the age of 65 years.Method  Patients aged over 65 years, who underwent temporary SNS from 1996 for faecal incontinence unresponsive to conservative treatment, were followed prospectively.Results  Between January 1996 and December 2009, 30 patients [mean age 69.3 years (SD, 3.4)] underwent temporary SNS. Twenty‐three (77%) had a >50% improvement in the St Mark’s Continence Score and progressed to permanent SNS implantation. Their mean (±SD) score increased from 19 (3.2) at baseline to 8 (3.4) during temporary SNS and to 9 (3.4) 3 months after permanent SNS and 10 (3.7) at the latest median follow up (IQR) of 44 (20–150) months. The corresponding values at the same intervals for urgency [mean (±SD) min] were 1 (1.4), 8 (5.2), 8 (5) and 8 (5.4) and for incontinence episodes per 2 weeks [median (±IQR)] were 10 (7–14), 1 (0–5), 2 (0–5) and 0 (0–6).Conclusion  SNS is an effective treatment for faecal incontinence in patients over 65 years.
On the head morphology ofPhylliumand the phylogenetic relationships of Phasmatodea (Insecta)
Authors: Friedemann Katrin , Wipfler Benjamin , Bradler Sven , Beutel Rolf Georg 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFriedemann K.,Wipfler B., Bradler S. and Beutel R.G. 2011. On the head morphology ofPhylliumand the phylogenetic relationships of Phasmatodea (Insecta). —Acta Zoologica(Stockholm)00: 1–16.External and internal head structures ofPhyllium siccifoliumare described in detail. The findings are compared with conditions found in other phasmatodeans and members of other neopteran lineages. The compiled 125 characters were analysed cladistically. A clade Eukinolabia (Phasmatodea + Embioptera) was confirmed. Synapomorphies of these two taxa are the shift of the origin of M. tentorioparaglossalis to the hind margin of the prementum, the presence of M. tentorioscapalis medialis, and antennal muscles that originate exclusively on the anterior tentorial arms. Within Eukinolabia, the position ofTimemaremains somewhat ambiguous because of missing anatomical data. However, it was confirmed as sister group of Euphasmatodea in a monophyletic Phasmatodea. Apomorphic groundplan features of Euphasmatodea are salivary ducts with separate external openings, apically rounded glossae, the presence of the galealobulus, and the reduction of the antennifer. The monophyly of Neophasmatidae was confirmed. Autapomorphies are the loss of M. frontobuccalis posterior, the anteriorly or dorsally directed maxillary palps, and the reduction of the mandibular incisivi. The analysis of characters of the head yielded three new autapomorphies of Phylliinae, the presence of a protuberance on the attachment site of the dorsal tentorial arms, dorsoventrally flattened maxillary‐ and labial palps, and possibly the narrow and U‐shaped field of trichomes on the apical part of the galea.
Impact of adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy on the survival of patients with pathological T3b prostate cancer
Authors: Siddiqui Sameer A. , Boorjian Stephen A. , Blute Michael L. , Rangel Laureano J. , Bergstralh Eric J. , Karnes Robert Jeffrey , Frank Igor 
Published: January 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Adjuvant hormonal therapy is known to improve cancer specific survival in prostate cancer patients with lymph node positive disease.This study suggests that surgically treated prostate cancer patients with seminal vesical invasion (pT3b) may have improved cancer specific survival if treated with adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy, similar to lymph node positive patients.OBJECTIVETo determine the impact of adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on survival in patients with seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b) at radical prostatectomy.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe reviewed 12 115 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 2002 to identify patients with pT3bN0 prostate cancer who received adjuvant ADT (n= 191). These patients were matched by clinical and pathological variables to a group of patients with pT3b prostate cancer who did not receive adjuvant ADT. Median postoperative follow‐up was 10 years. Clinical endpoints included biochemical progression‐free survival (BPFS), local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), systemic progression‐free survival (SPFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival.RESULTSPatients who underwent adjuvant ADT experienced improved 10‐year BPFS (60% vs 16%, P < 0.001), LRFS (87% vs 76%, P= 0.002), SPFS (91% vs 78%, P= 0.004) and CSS (94% vs 87%, P= 0.037). Overall survival was not significantly different between groups (75% vs 69%, P= 0.12). Both luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonists (hazard ratio, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.15–0.46; P < 0.001) and bilateral orchiectomy (hazard ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.06–0.31; P < 0.001) improved BPFS. When stratified by type of ADT (hormonal therapy vs orchiectomy), there was no difference in survival outcomes.CONCLUSIONSAdjuvant ADT improves local, and systemic control after radical prostatectomy for pT3b prostate cancer. There is no difference in survival between patients receiving medical hormonal therapy vs patients undergoing orchiectomy. Given the lack of improvement in overall survival, continued investigation is needed to identify the cohort of pT3b patients at highest risk for cancer progression and therefore most likely to benefit from a multimodal treatment approach.
Could increased time spent in a thermal comfort zone contribute to population increases in obesity?
Authors: Johnson F. , Mavrogianni A. , Ucci M. , Vidal‐Puig A. , Wardle J. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryDomestic winter indoor temperatures in the USA, UK and other developed countries appear to be following an upwards trend. This review examines evidence of a causal link between thermal exposures and increases in obesity prevalence, focusing on acute and longer‐term biological effects of time spent in thermal comfort compared with mild cold. Reduced exposure to seasonal cold may have a dual effect on energy expenditure, both minimizing the need for physiological thermogenesis and reducing thermogenic capacity. Experimental studies show a graded association between acute mild cold and human energy expenditure over the range of temperatures relevant to indoor heating trends. Meanwhile, recent studies of the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human thermogenesis suggest that increased time spent in conditions of thermal comfort can lead to a loss of BAT and reduced thermogenic capacity. Pathways linking cold exposure and adiposity have not been directly tested in humans. Research in naturalistic and experimental settings is needed to establish effects of changes in thermal exposures on weight, which may raise possibilities for novel public health strategies to address obesity.
Dyeing behaviours of amino heterocyclic compounds as blue oxidative hair dye precursors applied to keratin fibres
Authors: Li D. , Huang Y. , Su J. 
Published: January 2011

SynopsisSeveral novel heterocyclic compounds based on 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline and 2,3‐dihydroindole have been investigated for their application of colour keratin fibres as blue oxidative dye precursors, especially to human hair. The colourants we studied contained anyone of these dyes (concentration range from 0.005% to 6%), and some common oxidative hair dyes, such as p‐phenylenediamine, toluene‐2,5‐diamine sulphate. Experiments were carried out on the method of mixing hair colourants with H2O2 gel at the ratio of 1 : 1, accompanied by pH = 8∼11. It is demonstrated that 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline derivatives could be considered as an excellent candidate for blue dyes, and N‐methyl‐7‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline is the most outstanding one among this kind of compounds. They own significant advantages of colour purity, stability and fastness. On the other hand, 2,3‐dihydroindoles show the similar colours but not stable and brilliant enough.RésuméPlusieurs nouveaux composés hétérocycliques basés sur la 1,2,3,4‐tétra hydro quinoline et le 2,3‐dihydro indole ont été examinés pour leur utilisation comme colorants des fibres de kératine en tant que précurseurs oxydatifs de colorant bleu et particulièrement pour les cheveux humains. Les colorants que nous avons étudié, contenait chacun de ces ingrédients (concentration de 0.005%à 6%) et certains colorants capillaires classiques, comme la p‐phénylène diamine, ou le toluène‐2,5‐diamine sulfate. Les expériences ont été effectuées selon une méthode de mélange des colorants capillaires avec un gel d’H2O2 en proportion 1 : 1, associéà un pH = 8–11. Il a été démontré que des dérivées de la 1,2,3,4‐tétra hydro quinoline pourraient être considérés comme d’excellents candidats pour les teintures bleues, et la N‐methyl‐7‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tétra hydro quinoline est le dérivé le plus remarquable parmi ces composés. Les avantages les plus significatifs sont la pureté de la couleur, sa stabilité et sa fiabilité. D’autre part, les 2,3‐dihydro indole montrent des couleurs semblables mais instable et avec une moindre brillance.