bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Exergy Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Tube Heating Furnace in Oilfield Enterprises
Authors: Cheng Qinglin , Zhou Ruiwen , Wang Lu , Lv Lili 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the energy consumption of surface engineering systems in oilfield enterprises, heating furnaces account for a significant proportion. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study their operational performance. This article conducts an exergy analysis of tubular heating furnaces from the perspective of energy quality. First, an exergy balance model and exergy analysis evaluation criteria are established for the energy system of the heating furnace. Then, the internal and external exergy losses in the heating furnace's energy system are comprehensively considered to identify weak points in the energy system and reflect the utilization of energy quality. The exergy analysis results show that the highest proportion of exergy losses in the heating furnace system is attributed to the heat transfer process. The excess air coefficient, exhaust temperature, and outer surface temperature of the furnace are inversely proportional to exergy efficiency. Based on the static exergy analysis results, measures to improve the exergy efficiency of the heating furnace are proposed: controlling the excess air coefficient within a reasonable range, reducing the exhaust temperature, and lowering outer surface temperature of the furnace. These measures can effectively enhance the energy utilization level of the tubular heating furnace and provide reference and assistance in meeting emission reduction requirements.
The Lreu_1276 protein from
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
represents a third family of dihydroneopterin triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolases in bacteria
Authors: Kachi Kaede , Sato Takaaki , Nagasawa Maina , Cann Isaac , Atomi Haruyuki 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Tetrahydrofolate is a cofactor involved in C
1
metabolism including biosynthesis pathways for adenine and serine. In the classical tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis pathway, the steps removing three phosphate groups from the precursor 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (DHNTP) remain unclear in many bacteria. DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase hydrolyzes pyrophosphate from DHNTP and produces 7,8-dihydroneopterin monophosphate. Although two structurally distinct DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolases have been identified in the intestinal bacteria
Lactococcus lactis
and
Escherichia coli
, the distribution of their homologs is limited. Here, we aimed to identify a third DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase gene in the intestinal lactic acid bacterium
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
. In a gene operon including genes involved in dihydrofolate biosynthesis, we focused on the
lreu_1276
gene, annotated as Ham1 family protein or XTP/dITP diphosphohydrolase, as a candidate encoding DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase. The Lreu_1276 recombinant protein was prepared using
E. coli
and purified. Biochemical analyses of the reaction product revealed that the Lreu_1276 protein displays significant pyrophosphohydrolase activity toward DHNTP. The optimal reaction temperature and pH were 35°C and around 7, respectively. Substrate specificity was relatively strict among 17 tested compounds. Although previously characterized DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolases prefer Mg
2+
, the Lreu_1276 protein exhibited maximum activity in the presence of Mn
2+
, with a specific activity of 28.2 ± 2.0 µmol min
−1
mg
−1
in the presence of 1 mM Mn
2+
. The three DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolases do not share structural similarity to one another, and the distribution of their homologs does not overlap, implying that the Lreu_1276 protein represents a third structurally novel DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase in bacteria.

IMPORTANCE

The identification of a structurally novel DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase in
L. reuteri
provides valuable information in understanding tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis in bacteria that possess
lreu_1276
homologs. Interestingly, however, even with the identification of a third family of DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolases, there are still a number of bacteria that do not harbor homologs for any of the three genes while possessing other genes involved in the biosynthesis of the pterin ring structure. This suggests the presence of an unrecognized DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase gene in bacteria. As humans do not harbor DHNTP pyrophosphohydrolase, the high structural diversity of enzymes responsible for a reaction in tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis may provide an advantage in designing inhibitors targeting a specific group of bacteria in the intestinal microbiota.
The SAMHD1-MX2 axis restricts HIV-1 infection at postviral DNA synthesis
Authors: Guo Haoran , Yang Wanying , Li Huili , Yang Jiaxin , Huang Yuehan , Tang Yubin , Wang Shijin , Ni Fushun , Yang Weiming , Yu Xiao-Fang , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

HIV-1 replication is tightly regulated in host cells, and various restriction factors have important roles in inhibiting viral replication. SAMHD1, a well-known restriction factor, suppresses HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing intracellular dNTPs, thereby limiting the synthesis of viral cDNA in quiescent cells. In this study, we revealed an additional and distinct mechanism of SAMHD1 inhibition during the postviral cDNA synthesis stage. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrated the interaction between SAMHD1 and MX2/MxB, an interferon-induced antiviral factor that inhibits HIV-1 cDNA nuclear import. The disruption of endogenous MX2 expression significantly weakened the ability of SAMHD1 to inhibit HIV-1. The crucial region within SAMHD1 that binds to MX2 has been identified. Notably, we found that SAMHD1 can act as a sensor that recognizes and binds to the incoming HIV-1 core, subsequently delivering it to the molecular trap formed by MX2, thereby blocking the nuclear entry of the HIV-1 core structure. SAMHD1 mutants unable to recognize the HIV-1 core showed a substantial decrease in antiviral activity. Certain mutations in HIV-1 capsids confer resistance to MX2 inhibition while maintaining susceptibility to suppression by the SAMHD1-MX2 axis. Overall, our study identifies an intriguing antiviral pattern wherein two distinct restriction factors, SAMHD1 and MX2, collaborate to establish an alternative mechanism deviating from their actions. These findings provide valuable insight into the complex immune defense networks against exogenous viral infections and have implications for the development of targeted anti-HIV therapeutics.

IMPORTANCE
In contrast to most restriction factors that directly bind to viral components to exert their antiviral effects, SAMHD1, the only known deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase in eukaryotes, indirectly inhibits viral replication in quiescent cells by reducing the pool of dNTP substrates available for viral cDNA synthesis. Our study provides a novel perspective on the antiviral functions of SAMHD1. In addition to its role in dNTP hydrolysis, SAMHD1 cooperates with MX2 to inhibit HIV-1 nuclear import. In this process, SAMHD1 acts as a sensor for incoming HIV-1 cores, detecting and binding to them, before subsequently delivering the complex to the molecular trap formed by MX2, thereby immobilizing the virus. This study not only reveals a new antiviral pathway for SAMHD1 but also identifies a unique collaboration and interaction between two distinct restriction factors, establishing a novel line of defense against HIV-1 infection, which challenges the traditional view of restriction factors acting independently. Overall, our findings further indicate the intricate complexity of the host immune defense network and provide potential targets for promoting host antiviral immune defense.
Draft genome sequence of
Bacillus atrophaeus
TL401, a biocontrol bacterium with plant growth-promoting properties
Authors: Peng Wanrong , Guo Xueying , Shi Hongli , Yang Xingyong 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacillus atrophaeus
strain TL401 exhibits biocontrol activity against
Botrytis cinerea
on tomato and plant growth promotion. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain ITL401, which includes a circular chromosome with 4,213,034 bp and a guanine-cytosine content of 43.39%.
A single-source nosocomial outbreak of
Aspergillus flavus
uncovered by genotyping
Authors: Gewecke A. , Hare R. Krøger , Salgård C. , Kyndi L. , Høg M. , Petersen G. , Nahimana D. , Abou-Chakra N. , Knudsen J. D. , Rosendahl S. , Vissing N. H. , Arendrup M. C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

During construction work (2017–2019), an increase in
Aspergillus flavus
infections was noted among pediatric patients, the majority of whom were receiving amphotericin B prophylaxis. Microsatellite genotyping was used to characterize the outbreak. A total of 153
A
.
flavus
isolates of clinical and environmental origin were included. Clinical isolates included 140 from 119 patients. Eight patients were outbreak-related patients, whereas 111 were outbreak-unrelated patients from Danish hospitals (1994–2023). We further included four control strains. Nine
A. flavus
isolates were from subsequent air sampling in the outbreak ward (2022–2023). Typing followed Rudramurthy et al.(S. M. Rudramurthy, H. A. de Valk, A. Chakrabarti, J. Meis, and C. H. W. Klaassen, PLoS One 6:e16086, 2011,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016086
). Minimum spanning tree (MST) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were used for cluster analysis. DAPC analysis placed all 153 isolates in five clusters. Microsatellite marker pattern was clearly distinct for one cluster compared to the others. The same cluster was observed in an MST. This cluster included all outbreak isolates, air-sample isolates, and additional patient isolates from the outbreak hospital, previously undisclosed as outbreak related. The highest air prevalence of
A. flavus
was found in two technical risers of the outbreak ward, which were then sealed. Follow-up air samples were negative for
A. flavus
. Microsatellite typing defined the outbreak as nosocomial and facilitated the identification of an in-hospital source. Six months of follow-up air sampling was without
A. flavus
. Outbreak-related/non-related isolates were easily distinguished with DAPC and MST, as the outbreak clone’s distinct marker pattern was delineated in both statistical analyses. Thus, it could be a variant of
A. flavus
, with a niche ability to thrive in the outbreak-hospital environment.

IMPORTANCE

Aspergillus flavus
can cause severe infections and hospital outbreaks in immunocompromised individuals. Although lack of isogeneity does not preclude an outbreak, our study underlines the value of microsatellite genotyping in the setting of potential
A. flavus
outbreaks. Microsatellite genotyping documented an isogenic hospital outbreak with an internal source. This provided the “smoking gun” that prompted the rapid allocation of resources for thorough environmental sampling, the results of which guided immediate and relevant cleaning and source control measures. Consequently, we advise that vulnerable patients should be protected from exposure and that genotyping be included early in potential
A. flavus
outbreak investigations. Inspection and sampling are recommended at any site where airborne spores might disperse from. This includes rarely accessed areas where air communication to the hospital ward cannot be disregarded.
Protocol for the development of a reporting guideline for umbrella reviews on epidemiological associations using cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies: the Preferred Reporting Items for Umbrella Reviews of Cross-sectional, Case-control and Cohort studies (PRIUR-CCC)
Authors: Solmi Marco , Cobey Kelly , Moher David , Ebrahimzadeh Sanam , Dragioti Elena , Shin Jae Il , Radua Joaquim , Cortese Samuele , Shea Beverley , Veronese Nicola , Hartling Lisa , Pollock Michelle , Egger Matthias , Papatheodorou Stefania , Ioannidis John P , Carvalho Andre F 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionObservational studies are fraught with several biases including reverse causation and residual confounding. Overview of reviews of observational studies (ie, umbrella reviews) synthesise systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, and may also aid in the grading of the credibility of reported associations. The number of published umbrella reviews has been increasing. Recently, a reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions (Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR)) was published, but the field lacks reporting guidelines for umbrella reviews of observational studies. Our aim is to develop a reporting guideline for umbrella reviews on cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies assessing epidemiological associations.Methods and analysisWe will adhere to established guidance and prepare a PRIOR extension for systematic reviews of cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies testing epidemiological associations between an exposure and an outcome, namely Preferred Reporting Items for Umbrella Reviews of Cross-sectional, Case-control and Cohort studies (PRIUR-CCC). Step 1 will be the project launch to identify stakeholders. Step 2 will be a literature review of available guidance to conduct umbrella reviews. Step 3 will be an online Delphi study sampling 100 participants among authors and editors of umbrella reviews. Step 4 will encompass the finalisation of PRIUR-CCC statement, including a checklist, a flow diagram, explanation and elaboration document. Deliverables will be (i) identifying stakeholders to involve according to relevant expertise and end-user groups, with an equity, diversity and inclusion lens; (ii) completing a narrative review of methodological guidance on how to conduct umbrella reviews, a narrative review of methodology and reporting in published umbrella reviews and preparing an initial PRIUR-CCC checklist for Delphi study round 1; (iii) preparing a PRIUR-CCC checklist with guidance after Delphi study; (iv) publishing and disseminating PRIUR-CCC statement.Ethics and disseminationPRIUR-CCC has been approved by The Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board and has obtained consent (20220639-01H). Participants to step 3 will give informed consent. PRIUR-CCC steps will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will guide reporting of umbrella reviews on epidemiological associations.
Applying ordered network analysis to video-recorded physician–nurse interactions to examine communication patterns associated with shared understanding in inpatient oncology care settings
Authors: Popov Vitaliy , Tan Yuanru , Manojlovich Milisa 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThe main aim of this study was to demonstrate how ordered network analysis of video-recorded interactions combined with verbal response mode (VRM) coding (eg, edification, disclosure, reflection and interpretation) can uncover specific communication patterns that contribute to the development of shared understanding between physicians and nurses. The major hypothesis was that dyads that reached shared understanding would exhibit different sequential relationships between VRM codes compared with dyads that did not reach shared understanding.DesignObservational study design with the secondary analysis of video-recorded interactions.SettingThe study was conducted on two oncology units at a large Midwestern academic health care system in the USA.ParticipantsA total of 33 unique physician–nurse dyadic interactions were included in the analysis. Participants were the physicians and nurses involved in these interactions during patient care rounds.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the development of shared understanding between physicians and nurses, as determined by prior qualitative analysis. Secondary measures included the frequencies, orders and co-occurrences of VRM codes in the interactions.ResultsA Mann-Whitney U test showed that dyads that reached shared understanding (N=6) were statistically significantly different (U=148, p=0.00, r=0.93) from dyads that did not reach shared understanding (N=25) in terms of the sequential relationships between edification and disclosure, edification and advisement, as well as edification and questioning. Dyads that reached shared understanding engaged in more edification followed by disclosure, suggesting the importance of this communication pattern for reaching shared understanding.ConclusionsThis novel methodology demonstrates a robust approach to inform interventions that enhance physician–nurse communication. Further research could explore applying this approach in other healthcare settings and contexts.
Quality improvement initiative ‘S-A-F-H’ to reduce healthcare-associated neonatal sepsis in a tertiary neonatal care unit
Authors: Kallimath Aditya , Patnaik Suprabha K , Malshe Nandini , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Singh Pari , Gareghat Reema , Nimbre Vinaya , Ranbishe Kalyani , Kamble Archana Gautam , Ambekar Vishwas 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundNeonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among admitted neonates. Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a significant contributor in this cohort.Local problemIn our unit, 16.1% of the admissions developed sepsis during their stay in the unit.MethodWe formed a team of all stakeholders to address the issue. The problem was analysed using various tools, and the main contributing factor was low compliance with hand hygiene and handling of intravenous lines.InterventionsThe scrub the hub/aseptic non-touch technique/five moments of hand hygiene/hand hygiene (S-A-F-H) protocol was formulated as a quality improvement initiative, and various interventions were done to ensure compliance with hand hygiene, five moments of hand hygiene, aseptic non-touch technique. The data were collected and analysed regularly with the team members, and actions were planned accordingly.ResultsOver a few months, the team could reduce the incidence of HAI by 50%, which has been sustained for over a year. The improvement in compliance with the various aspects of S-A-F-H increased.ConclusionsCompliance with hand hygiene steps, five moments of hand hygiene and an aseptic non-touch technique using quality improvement methodology led to a reduction in neonatal sepsis incidence in the unit. Regular reinforcement is required to maintain awareness of asepsis practices and implementation in day-to-day care and to bring about behavioural changes.
Secondary uses of electronic prescribing and pharmacy data in UK hospital care: a national survey
Authors: Chaudhry Navila Talib , Benn Jonathan , Franklin Bryony Dean 
Published: June 2024

Electronic hospital pharmacy (EHP) systems are ubiquitous in today’s hospitals, with many also implementing electronic prescribing (EP) systems; both contain a potential wealth of medication-related data to support quality improvement. The reasons for reuse and users of this data are generally unknown. Our objectives were to survey secondary use of data (SUD) from EHP and EP systems in UK hospitals, to identify users of and factors influencing SUD.A national postal survey was sent out to all hospital chief pharmacists with pre-notifications and follow-up reminders. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.Of 187 hospital organisations, 65 (35%) responded. All had EHP systems (for ≥20 years) and all reused data; 50 (77%) had EP systems (established 1–10 years) but only 40 (80%) reused data. Reported facilitators for SUD included medication safety, providing feedback, benchmarking, saving time and patient experience. The purposes of SUD included audits, quality improvement, risk management and general medication-related reporting. Earlier introduction of SUD could provide an opportunity to heighten local improvement initiatives.Data from EHP systems is reused for multiple purposes. Evaluating SUD and sharing experiences could provide richer insight into potential SUD and barriers/factors to consider when implementing or upgrading EP/EHP systems.
Role of coproduction in the sustainability of innovations in applied health and social care research: a scoping review
Authors: Overton Charlotte , Tarrant Carolyn , Creese Jennifer , Armstrong Natalie 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundInnovations such as toolkits and frameworks are developed through applied health and social care research, to address identified gaps in quality or safety of care. The intention is to subsequently implement these innovations into practice to bring about improvements. Challenges can arise from poor choice of implementation strategies or lack of alignment to local contexts. Research has identified the importance of involving and engaging patients, health professionals and other stakeholders in the design and delivery of the underpinning research, and in informing subsequent implementation. However, how and why such coproduction influences the sustainability of innovations in health and social care is unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to identify and present the available evidence regarding the role of coproduction in the sustainability of innovations in applied health and social care research.Inclusion criteriaThis scoping review includes papers related to the role of coproduction in the sustainability of innovations in applied health and social care research published in peer-reviewed journals. The review is limited to articles reporting applied health and social care research conducted in the United Kingdom.MethodsScopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched for studies. Titles and abstracts were screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria, followed by a full-text review and data extraction. Data were extracted using a data extraction form developed by the reviewers. The completed forms were imported into NVivo and analysed using basic qualitative content analysis.ResultsOur review provides insight into the role of coproduction in the sustainability of innovations in applied health and social care research. Our findings highlight that sustainability is a dynamic process, supported by coproduction activities such as ongoing collaborative partnerships; these can be planned for in both the research design and implementation phases of a project.