bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Sjögren's syndrome: salivary gland function and clinical oral findings
Authors: Pedersen AM , Reibel J. , Nordgarden H. , Bergem HO , Jensen JL , Nauntofte B. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate salivary gland function, saliva composition and oral findings in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) subdivided into patients with and without focus score ≤1 (FS) and/or antibodies to SSA/SSB (AB) as well as in healthy controls.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Unstimulated (UWS) and chewing stimulated (SWS) whole saliva, and stimulated parotid saliva (SPS) were collected in 16 patients fulfilling the European classification criteria for pSS subdivided into those with FS and/or AB (n= 8) and those without FS and AB (n= 8), and in age‐matched (n= 14) and young healthy controls (n= 13).UWS and SWS were analysed for Na+ and K+.SPS was analysed for Na+, K+, statherin, and proline‐rich proteins (PRPs).Sicca symptoms, DMFT/DMFS, plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) scores, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and mucosal status were recorded.RESULTS: The young healthy controls had lower UWS as compared to the aged controls (P= 0.03).However, the aged controls had higher DMFT/DMFS (P < 0.001) and PI, GI and PPD (P < 0.01).Patients with FS and/or AB generally had lower saliva secretory rates than patients without FS and/or AB (P= 0.01 for UWS and SPS) and age‐matched healthy controls (P= 0.001). There was no significant difference in the content of Na+ and K+, statherin and PRPs between groupS. Patients with FS and/or AB had the highest frequency of oral mucosal changes and higher DMFT/DMFS than patients without FS and/or AB and healthy controls (P < 0.01).However, PI, GI, and PPD did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION: Patients with FS and/or AB had lower salivary secretory rates, higher DMFT/DMFS, and more oral mucosal changes than patients without FS and/or AB.Additionally, data suggest that salivary gland function in healthy individuals do not decrease with age.
Purification of large quantities of human salivary cystatins S, SA and SN: their interactions with the model cysteine protease papain in a non‐inhibitory mode
Authors: Baron AC , Barrett‐Vespone NA , Featherstone JDB 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to purify large quantities of human salivary cystatins S, SA and SN in order to determine whether these salivary cystatins have a stable interaction with cysteine proteases at a second binding site, other than the protease active site. This property may affect their availability to act as cysteine protease inhibitors within the oral environment.METHODS: Salivary cystatins S, SA and SN were purified from human submandibular sublingual saliva to homogeneity by column chromatography. Formation of stable complexes between the model cysteine protease papain in the absence of reductant was assessed by SDS‐PAGE and probing Western blots with antibody to human salivary cystatin SN.Proteolytic activity of the complex was determined in the gel after electrophoresis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Only cystatin SN (14.3 kD) was found to form a stable complex with papain (22 kD) that could be separated by SDS‐PAGE producing a Coomassie stained band at (37 kD).After western transfer this same band (37 kD) cross‐reacted with antibody to SN. In the presence of E64, an active site inhibitor of cysteine proteases, the same complex was formed, suggesting that SN is able to bind to papain at a site other than the active site. Activity staining of the gel confirmed that this complex (‐E64) retained proteolytic activity. Such complex formation between cystatin SN and cyst‐eine proteases in a non‐inhibitory mode may reduce its availability to act as an effective cysteine protease inhibitor in the oral environment.
Surface properties of lactobacilli isolated from healthy subjects
Authors: Colloca ME , Ahumada MC , López ME , Nader‐Macías ME 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: Lactobacilli are considered cariogenic micro‐organismS. As oral species of lactobacilli have not been thoroughly described, the aim of this work was to isolate and identify these organisms from teeth, tongue, saliva and gum of healthy patients and to describe some of their surface properties.SUBJECTS: Forty‐four subjects from Tucumán, Argentina, with D, d and M, m indices equal to 0.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from different areas of the oral cavity. Microorganisms were cultured in lactobacilli selected media (LBS) and identified morphologically and biochemically. Hydrophobicity was analysed by partition in organic solvents, acidity by affinity with chloroform and basicity with ethyl acetate (MATH method), aggregation and coaggregation in presence of (NH4)2SO4, and haemagglutination with ABO erythrocytes in microplates.RESULTS: Eighty‐five lactobacilli were isolated; 29.4% were homofermenter, 44.7% facultative heterofermenter and 25.9% obligate heterofermenter. Predominant species were L.fermentum, L.plantarum, L.salivarius, and L.rhamnosus. Most of the strains showed moderate to high hydrophobicity and demonstrated high acid and basic surface charges with almost 40% showing salt aggregation. Few strains haemagglutinated.CONCLUSIONS: A variety of Lactobacillus species were isolated from healthy mouths, some of whom showed adhesion‐related properties such as high hydrophobicity and charged surfaceS. Probable mechanisms related to the ecological behaviour of lactobacilli in the oral cavity are discussed.
Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) downregulates interleukin (IL)‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production via EP2/EP4subtypes of PGE2receptors in human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Noguchi K , Maeda M , Ruwanpura SMPM , Ishikawa I 
Published: August 2010

Objectives: Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) exerts its biological actions via EP receptors, which are divided into four subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3and EP4. In the present study, we examined whether PGE2regulated interleukin (IL)‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and if so, which subtypes of PGE2receptors were involved.Methods: PDL cells were stimulated with vehicle or IL‐1αin the presence or absence of indomethacin (a cylooxygenase inhibitor), PGE2or various EP agonists. IL‐6 and PGE2levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. EP receptor mRNA expression was examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: Indomethacin significantly enhanced IL‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production by PDL cells, although it completely inhibited IL‐1α‐induced PGE2production. Exogenous PGE2significantly suppressed IL‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production. Butaprost, a selective EP2agonist, and ONO‐AE1‐329, a selective EP4agonist, significantly inhibited IL‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production, although 17‐phenyl‐ω‐trinor PGE2, an EP1agonist, and ONO‐AP‐324, an EP3agonist, did not affect it. RT‐PCR analysis showed that EP2and EP4mRNA was expressed in PDL cells.Conclusions: We suggest that PGE2downregulates IL‐1α‐induced IL‐6 production via EP2/EP4receptors in human PDL cells.
Ankyloglossia: a morphofunctional investigation in children
Authors: Ruffoli R , Giambelluca MA , Scavuzzo MC , Bonfigli D , Cristofani R , Gabriele M , Giuca MR , Giannessi F 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  To provide diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia in children by anatomical measurements; to investigate the correlation between severity of ankyloglossia and a series of morphofunctional findings; to evaluate the potential mismatch between a clinical suspect of ankyloglossia and the authentic anatomical diagnosis.Design:  Two different techniques of anatomical measurements and a clinical evaluation of a series of morphofunctional findings were performed.Subjects and methods:  In 200 children referred for evaluation and treatment of tongue‐tie, the length of the frenulum and the interincisal distance were measured in maximum opening of the mouth and with the tip of the tongue touching the palatal papilla. Occlusion, type of bite, tongue resting position, swallowing mechanism, oral floor mobility, frenulum insertion modality and speech were investigated. Any correlation between these morphofunctional findings and anatomical measures was investigated.Results:  Children with a frenulum length more than 2 cm and an interincisal distance of more than 2.3 cm were normal. In both measurements, significant correlations among mean values and other variables were observed. Moreover, three levels – mild, moderate and severe – of ankyloglossia were assessed.Conclusions:  Length of frenulum and interincisal distance allow an assessment of severity of ankyloglossia in children. Ankyloglossia was not associated with infantile swallowing.
FoxO1 – the key for the pathogenesis and therapy of acne?
Authors: Melnik Bodo C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFive main factors play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acne: androgen dependence, follicular retention hyperkeratosis, increased sebaceous lipogenesis, increased colonization with P. acnes, and inflammatory events. This paper offers a solution for the pathogenesis of acne and explains all major pathogenic factors at the genomic level by a relative deficiency of the nuclear transcription factor FoxO1. Nuclear FoxO1 suppresses androgen receptor, other important nuclear receptors and key genes of cell proliferation, lipid biosynthesis and inflammatory cytokines. Elevated growth factors during puberty and persistent growth factor signals due to Western life style stimulate the export of FoxO1 out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm via activation of the phos‐phoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. By this mechanism, genes and nuclear receptors involved in acne are derepressed leading to increased androgen receptor‐mediated signal transduction, increased cell proliferation of androgen‐dependent cells, induction of sebaceous lipogenesis and upregulation of Toll‐like‐receptor‐2‐dependent inflammatory cytokines. All known acne‐inducing factors exert their action by reduction of nuclear FoxO1 levels. In contrast, retinoids, antibiotics and dietary intervention will increase the nuclear content of FoxO1, thereby normalizing increased transcription of genes involved in acne. Various receptor‐mediated growth factor signals are integrated at the level of PI3K/Akt activation which finally results in nuclear FoxO1 deficiency.
Which plant for which skin disease? Part 2: Dermatophytes, chronic venous insufficiency, photoprotection, actinic keratoses, vitiligo, hair loss, cosmetic indications
Authors: Reuter Juliane , Wölfle Ute , Korting Hans Christian , Schempp Christoph 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper continues our review of scientifically evaluated plant extracts in dermatology. After plants effective against dermatophytes, botanicals with anti‐edema effects in chronic venous insufficiency are discussed. There is good evidence from randomized clinical studies that plant extracts from grape vine leaves (Vitis vinifera), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), sea pine (Pinus maritima) and butcher's broom (Ruscus aculeatus) can reduce edema in chronic venous insufficiency. Plant extracts from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), green tea (Camellia sinensis), the fern Polypodium leucotomos and others contain antioxidant polyphenolic compounds that may protect the skin from sunburn and photoaging when administered topically or systemically. Extracts from the garden spurge (Euphorbia peplus) and from birch bark (Betula alba) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses in phase II studies. Some plant extracts have also been investigated in the treatment of vitiligo, various forms of hair loss and pigmentation disorders, and in aesthetic dermatology.
Spontaneous Growth in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: RANKE M.B. , STUBBE P. , MAJEWSKI F. , BIERICH J.R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTGrowth in Turner's syndrome can be divided into four phases: intrauterine growth is slightly retarded, normal growth occurs up to a hone age of about 3 years, with a tendency to compensate for the loss in growth during intrauterine life, stunting of growth is severe during childhood, after a hone age of about 10 years — the time when puberty normally starts ‐ the growth phase is prolonged, hut total height gain is not essentially reduced. Based on a study of 150 patients with Turner's syndrome whose spontaneous growth was observed, standards of height and height velocity (means and SDs) were calculated to allow mathematical analysis of the spontaneous growth and growth during treatment in these patients. The auxological characteristics in Turner's syndrome do not support the assumption that GH deficiency playsa primary role in the pathogenesis of the growth disorder.
Growth Patterns in Child Abuse
Authors: TAITZ L.S. , KING J.M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThis study reports clinical details and statistical analysis of linear and body mass growth retardation in a cohort of 260 abused children. Seventy‐one children (26%) showed impairment of growth for weight or height; 21 out of 92 children who spent time in foster homes showed catch‐up growth whereas only 5 out of 168 never separated from their parents demonstrated improvement in height or weight centiles. Out of 11 children placed in fostercare who were more than 2 SD below the mean for height, 10 demonstrated significant catch‐up whereas only 4 out of 28 children who remained in their natural homes did so. Catch‐up growth among children who remained at home was generally less than that which occurred in foster homes. In 17 cases diagnosis of growth impairment preceded nonaccidental injury. Growth of growth‐retarded children in natural homes was poor. Because of the relationship between poor growth and other parameters of development, children who show catch‐up growth in foster homes should probably not be‘rehabilitated’with their natural parents. Key words: Growth impairment, abuse, non‐accidental injury.
Reduced spontaneous growth hormone secretion in patients with Turner's syndrome
Authors: Pirazzoli P , Mazzanti L , Bergamaschi R , Perri A , Scarano E , Nanni S , Zucchini S , Gualandi S , Cicognani A , Cacciari E 
Published: August 2010

Pirazzoli P, Mazzanti L, Bergamaschi R, Perri A, Scarano E, Nanni S, Zucchini S, Gualandi S, Cicognani A, Cacciari E. Reduced spontaneous growth hormone secretion in patients with Turner's syndrome. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 610‐3. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253We evaluated growth hormone (GH) secretion in 81 patients with Turner's syndrome (TS) (mean age 10.7 ± 3.6 y) with respect to karyotype, auxological characteristics and growth response to GH treatment (1 IU/kg/wk). None of the patients had spontaneous puberty or had started replacement therapy with estrogens. Thirty‐nine patients (48%) had monosomia 45X, 29 (36%) structural abnormalities of the X chromosome and 13 (16%) X mosaicism. Before the start of GH therapy, each patient underwent an evaluation of mean nocturnal GH concentration (MGHC) and 75 patients also underwent 2 pharmacological tests. MGHC of the TS patients did not differ from that of 29 prepubertal GH‐deficient girls (GH peaks < 8 μg/l after pharmacological tests) and both groups were lower(p< 0.0001 andp< 0.0005, respectively) than MGHCs of 27 short normal girls (GH peak > 8 μg/l). MGHC of the patients with TS was negatively correlated(p< 0.001) with bodyweight excess (BWE) at multiple regression analysis. MGHC of the TS patients with BWE < 20% was significantly higher(p< 0.02) than that of the TS patients with BWE > 20%, but again did not differ from that of the GH‐deficient patients and was lower(p< 0.001) than that of the short normal girls. MGHC did not significantly differ between the 3 groups subdivided according to karyotype. Forty‐four percent of the TS patients showed GH responses to pharmacological tests < 8 μg/l. Height velocity SDS at first and second year of therapy was not influenced by MGHC levels, chronological or bone age, target height or BWE. In conclusion, spontaneous secretion in our patients with TS was lower than that of the short normal prepubertal girls and did not differ from that of GH‐deficient subjects, even if we excluded overweight patients. The level of GH secretion was unable to predict GH response to treatment. □Bodyweight excess, growth hormone secretion, growth hormone therapy, Turner's syndrome
Three children with congenital toxoplasmosis: early report from a Swedish prospective screening study
Authors: Malm G , Fahnehjelm K Teäzr , Wiklund S , Engman M‐L , Ivarsson SA , Petersson K , Evengård B 
Published: August 2010

Malm G, Teäzr Fahnehjelm K, Wiklund S, Engman M‐L, Ivarsson SA, Petersson K, Evengård B. Three children with congenital toxoplasmosis: early report from a Swedish prospective screening study. Acta Pædiatr 1999; 88: 667‐70. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253The aim of this prospective study was to define the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in Sweden. Blood eluates collected on filter papers, Guthrie cards, from 40 978 newborn babies were analysed for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antitoxoplasma antibodies. This is a preliminary report of three children with congenital toxoplasmosis, defined by the occurrence of antitoxoplasma‐specific IgM antibodies. Two children were asymptomatic at birth. They were both normally developed at the age of 12 and 15 months, respectively. The third child had unidentified but uncomplicated symptoms of infection in the neonatal period. As a result of the screening congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed and treatment instituted. Microphthalmus and peripheral chorioretinitis were detected in one eye. In spite of the chemotherapeutic treatment he developed hydrocephalus needing neurosurgical intervention at the age of 3 months. His development at 14 months was normal. The incidence in Sweden of congenital toxoplasmosis detected by specific IgM antitoxoplasma antibodies in blood from filter papers is less than 1:10 000. □Congenital toxoplasmosis, Guthrie cards, screening study
Attenuated endothelin‐1 mRNA expression with endothelin‐1 receptor blockade during hypoxaemia and reoxygenation in newborn piglets
Authors: Medbø S , Beisvag V , Tølløfsrud PA , Ellingsen Ø , Wright MS 
Published: August 2010

We investigated the cause of decreased plasma endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) during hypoxaemia and reoxygenation in newborn piglets subjected to simultaneous blocking of the ET‐1 receptors. Changes in plasma ET‐1 and prepro‐ET‐1 mRNA expression in the main pulmonary artery and the left lower lobe in the lung were studied in 1‐2‐d‐old piglets. Ten minutes prior to hypoxaemia, the hypoxaemia group (n = 10) was given saline, two groups (both n = 9) were given 1 and 5 mg/kg i.v. SB 217242 (an ET‐1 receptor antagonist). Two groups served as normoxic controls, with and without SB 217242 5 mg/kg i.v. Hypoxaemia was induced by ventilating with 8% O2 until base excess was 20mmol/l or mean arterial blood pressure was < 20mmHg. Reoxygenation was performed for 2h with room air. During hypoxaemia, plasma ET‐1 decreased in the hypoxaemia group, remained unchanged in the 1‐mg group and increased in the 5‐mg group. At the end of reoxygenation, plasma ET‐1 was above baseline in the 1‐mg and 5‐mg groups. In the pulmonary artery, the hypoxaemia group showed 2‐ to 5‐fold higher prepro‐ET‐1 mRNA expression compared to all the other groups (p < 0.05). There were trends for higher prepro‐ET‐1 mRNA expression in pulmonary tissue in the hypoxaemia group compared to the two receptor‐blocking groups (p < 0.07).Conclusions: We conclude that hypoxaemia and reoxygenation increase prepro‐ET‐1 mRNA expression in the pulmonary artery in newborn piglets. These observations suggest that the half‐life of ET‐1 is decreased during hypoxaemia and reoxygenation in newborn piglets.
Cataracts after autologous bone marrow transplantation in children
Authors: Frisk P , Hagberg H , Mandahl A , Söderberg P , Lönnerholm G 
Published: August 2010

We recorded the incidence and degree of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) in 29 children who had undergone autologous (n = 28) or syngeneic (n = 1) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) due to haematologic or lymphoid malignancy. Conditioning prior to transplantation consisted either of a combination of chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) (n = 21) or of chemotherapy only (n = 8). TBI was given in one fraction of 7.5 Gy. Nine patients had received previous cranial irradiation. The patients were followed for 4‐10 y (median 8y) after transplantation. Of 29 patients, 22 developed PSC, all within 4 y after BMT. With the exception of one patient who developed unilateral PSC, all had received TBI. Conversely, 100% of those who received TBI developed PSC. In this group (+TBI), eight patients (38%) developed significant PSC, defined as best corrected visual acuity < 0.8 in either eye. Six patients (10 eyes) have since needed surgical repair consisting of extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. There was no clear relationship between previous cranial irradiation and cataract development, nor any other obvious baseline differences between those in the +TBI group who developed significant PSC and those who did not. Although effects of previous therapy cannot be ruled out, TBI appears to be the main cause of PSC in this group of patients. Twelve patients in the +TBI group had well‐preserved visual acuity throughout the study, reflecting a slow progression of PSC. This compares favourably with previous reports of allogeneic BMT, possibly owing to less need for corticosteroids after autologous BMT.We conclude that the incidence of PSC was high after autologous BMT where the conditioning regimen included total body irradiation.
Epidemiology of invasive and other pneumococcal disease in children in England and Wales 1996–1998
Authors: Miller E , Waight P , Efstratiou A , Brisson M , Johnson A , George R 
Published: August 2010

The results of enhanced national surveillance of pneumococcal disease in children <15y of age in England and Wales are reported for the period 1996–1998. Of the 1985 cases of laboratory‐confirmed invasive disease (annual incidence 6.6 per 100000 overall and 39.7 per 100000 in infants <1 y of age), 485 (24%) were meningitis (annual incidence of 1.6 per 100000 overall and 15.7 per 100000 in infants <1 y of age). Fifty‐nine deaths in children with invasive disease were identified‐3% of the total reports. Thirty‐one different serogroups/types were identified, with organisms in the 7‐valent conjugate vaccine responsible for 69% of the infections in children <5 y of age; this rose to 77% and 82%, respectively, for the 9‐and 11‐valent vaccines. Resistance to penicillin varied from 2.3% to 6.2% in different years, but erythromycin resistance remained constant at 17%. The vast majority of resistant isolates were in vaccine serotype/groups. Computerized hospital admission records for all children <15 y of age with a discharge diagnosis code indicating probable pneumococcal disease were also analysed for 1997. The annual incidence for cases with a code specifically mentioning S. pneumoniae was 9.9 per 100000 compared with 71.2 per 100000 for lobar pneumonia; the mean duration of stay for both was < 1 wk. The incidence of admission for pneumococcal meningitis (1.9 overall and 19.6 for infants < 1 y of age) was similar to that derived from laboratory reports and resulted in an average duration of stay of 2 wk. Conclusion: This surveillance has confirmed the substantial burden of morbidity attributable to pneumococcal disease in British children and the potential public health benefits that could be achieved by the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.