bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media
Authors: Wiertsema Selma P. , Chidlow Glenys R. , Kirkham Lea‐Ann S. , Corscadden Karli J. , Mowe Eva N. , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Coates Harvey L. , Harnett Gerald B. , Richmond Peter C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBoth bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear. In this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (HRV; types A, B, and C), respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV; types A and B), bocavirus (HBoV), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43), influenza viruses (types A, B, and C), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4A, and 4B), human metapneumovirus, and polyomaviruses (KI and WU) in the nasopharynx of children between 6 and 36 months of age either with (n = 180) or without (n = 66) a history of recurrent acute otitis media and in 238 middle ear effusion samples collected from 143 children with recurrent acute otitis media. The co‐detection of these viruses with Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis was analyzed. HRV (58.3% vs. 42.4%), HBoV (52.2% vs. 19.7%), polyomaviruses (36.1% vs. 15.2%), parainfluenza viruses (29.4% vs. 9.1%), adenovirus (25.0% vs. 6.1%), and RSV (27.8% vs. 9.1%) were detected significantly more often in the nasopharynx of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media compared to healthy children. HRV was predominant in the middle ear and detected in middle ear effusion of 46% of children. Since respiratory viruses were detected frequently in the nasopharynx of both children with and without a history of recurrent acute otitis media, the etiological role of specific viruses in recurrent acute otitis media remains uncertain, however, anti‐viral therapies may be beneficial in future treatment and prevention strategies for acute otitis media. J. Med. Virol. 83:2008–2017, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The first decade of coupled resonator optical waveguides: bringing slow light to applications
Authors: Morichetti F. , Ferrari C. , Canciamilla A. , Melloni A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA century after the first optical cavity, coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) were conceived as a new way to guide light on a photonic chip. Controlling chains of coupled resonators to let light propagate through, with a reduced speed and enhanced intensity, boosting light‐matter interaction while keeping information undistorted: this was the fascinating promise of CROWs, but also one of the most ambitious challenges ever set for integrated optics. The first decade of the history of CROWs is discussed in this review, from the original idea to recent applications, panning through the technological platforms that have been employed to realize these structures. Design criteria and management issues, fundamental limits, and sensitivity to fabrication tolerances are discussed to make the reader aware of the performance of state‐of‐the‐art CROWs and to provide a realistic perspective of future applicative horizons.
An adaptive‐hybrid meshfree approximation method
Authors: Ling Leevan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIt is now commonly agreed that the global radial basis functions (GRBF) method is an attractive approach for approximating smooth functions. This superiority does not come free; one must find ways to circumvent the associated problem of ill‐conditioning and the high computational cost for solving dense matrix systems. We previously proposed different variants of adaptive methods for selecting proper trial subspaces so that the instability caused by inappropriately shaped parameters were minimized. In contrast, the compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBF) are more relaxing on the smoothness requirements. By settling with the algebraic order of convergence only, the CSRBF method, provided the support radii are properly chosen, can approximate functions with less smoothness. The reality is that end users must know the functions to be approximated a priori to decide which method to be used; this is not practical if one is solving a time‐evolving partial differential equation. The solution could be smooth at the beginning but the formation of shocks may come later. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm making use of both GRBF and CSRBF with other developed techniques for meshfree approximation with minimal fine tuning. The first contribution here is an adaptive node refinement scheme. Second, we apply the GRBFs (with adaptive subspace selection) on the adaptively generated data sites, and lastly, the CSRBF (with adaptive support selection) that can be used as a blackbox algorithm for robust approximations to a wider class of functions and for solving PDEs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An explicit asynchronous contact algorithm for elastic body–rigid wall interaction
Authors: Ryckman Raymond A. , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe use of multiple‐time‐step integrators can provide substantial computational savings over traditional one‐time‐step methods for the simulation of solid dynamics, while maintaining desirable properties, such as energy conservation. Contact phenomena generally require either the adoption of an implicit algorithm or the use of unacceptably small time steps to prevent large amount of numerical dissipation from being introduced. This paper introduces a new explicit dynamic contact algorithm that, by taking advantage of asynchronous time stepping, delivers an outstanding energy performance at a much more acceptable computational cost. We demonstrated the performance of the numerical method with several three‐dimensional examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical analysis of carbon nanofiber/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Chaos‐Morán R. , Salazar A. , Ureña A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe mechanical response of epoxy resins filled without treated carbon nanofibers and carboxylated ones has been evaluated through tensile tests. The elastic properties did not improve compared to the neat epoxy resin regardless of filler content or functionalization treatment, while the tensile strength and the elongation at break were reduced for the highest filler content (1 wt%). Fractographic analysis showed that composites reinforced with carboxylated nanofibers showed better filler dispersion than those without treatment. However, in both cases, the fibers tended to agglomerate and the formation of porosity was favored. The size of bundles of nanofibers rose with the content of nanofiller and for the same addition of carbon nanofibers, the size and distribution was respectively bigger and wider for the untreated carbon nanofibers‐reinforced composites than for the carboxylated carbon nanofiber‐reinforced composites. These defects degraded the mechanical response. The dilute suspension of clusters model was applied to estimate the elastic properties, showing agreement with the experimental results. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Molecular simulation of miscibility of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) blend with the compatibilizer triblock terpolymer SBM
Authors: Zhuang Qixin , Xue Zhaojun , Liu Xiaoyun , Yuan Yongliang , Han Zhewen 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolymer blend of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (PPE) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN), which has broad commercial interest, has limited miscibility. A triblock terpolymer, polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM), is often used as compatibilizer to improve the miscibility of PPE/SAN. In this work, dissipative particle dynamics and molecular dynamics of Material Studio were used to study the essentials that influence miscibility of the blend systems, and then Flory–Huggins parameter χ, radial distribution function (RDF) and morphologies are analyzed. It shows that the blends with more content of styrene in SAN (above 90 wt%), whose mass percentage is 60%, are best miscible. For the systems of PPE/SAN added with SBM, the miscibility increases and then decreases with the increase of SBM content. A longer chain of styrene (S) in SBM leads to wrapped structure of PMMA by PB, wrapped by PS, resulting in decrease of the miscibility. From studies and simulation of χ and RDF, the best blend system for commercial and industrial use is the one with mass ratio of PPE/SAN/SBM 36/54/10, in which S content in SAN is above 90 wt%. For SBM, the ratio of chain length styrene (S)/butadiene (B) is lessthan 1, while B and M are the same in chain length. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prescribing quality for older people in Norwegian nursing homes and home nursing services using multidose dispensed drugs
Authors: Halvorsen Kjell H. , Granas Anne Gerd , Engeland Anders , Ruths Sabine 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine and compare the quality of drug prescribing for older patients in nursing homes and home nursing services.MethodsCross‐sectional study comprising 11 254 patients aged ≥65 years in nursing homes (n = 2986) and home nursing services (n = 8268). Potentially inappropriate medications were identified by using the Norwegian General Practice criteria and drug–drug interactions through a Norwegian Web‐based tool. The impact of care setting on exposure to selected drug groups, potentially inappropriate medications, and drug interactions was calculated, adjusting for patients’ age, gender, and number of drugs used.ResultsPatients in nursing homes and home nursing services used on average 5.7 (SD = 2.6) multidose dispensed regular drugs. Twenty‐six percent used at least one potentially inappropriate medication, 31% in nursing homes and 25% in home nursing services, p < .001. Concomitant use of three or more psychotropic and/or opioid drugs was the criterion most commonly identified in nursing homes (18%) and home nursing services (9%), p < .001. Compared with nursing homes, more patients in home nursing services used cardiovascular drugs and fewer patients used psychotropic drugs. Altogether, 8615 drug–drug interactions were identified in 55% of patients, 48% in nursing homes and 57% in home nursing services, p < .001.ConclusionsThere are significant differences in the quality of drug prescribing in nursing homes compared with home nursing services. Explanations as to why these differences exist need to be further explored. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Rayleigh‐Schrödinger perturbation series of quasi‐degenerate systems
Authors: Brouder Christian , Duchamp Gérard H.E. , Patras Frédéric , Tóth Gábor Z. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe describe the first representation of the general term of the Rayleigh‐Schrödinger series for quasidegenerate systems. Each term of the series is represented by a tree and there is a straightforward relation between the tree and the analytical expression of the corresponding term. The combinatorial and graphical techniques used in the proof of the series expansion allow us to derive various resummation formulas of the series. A relation with several combinatorial objects used for special cases (degenerate or non‐degenerate systems) is established. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Ultrasound evaluation of intra‐abdominal sites of disease to predict likelihood of suboptimal cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Testa A. C. , Ludovisi M. , Mascilini F. , Di Legge A. , Malaggese M. , Fagotti A. , Fanfani F. , Salerno M. G. , Ercoli A. , Scambia G. , Ferrandina G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze in advanced ovarian cancer patients the ability of ultrasound to evaluate the extent of intra‐abdominal disease and to predict the likelihood of suboptimal cytoreduction.MethodsInto this prospective study, 147 patients with advanced ovarian cancer were enrolled consecutively between January 2005 and October 2008. All patients underwent standard laparotomy and maximal surgical effort was attempted. To create a new scoring system to predict suboptimal cytoreduction we considered the following sonographic parameters: peritoneal carcinomatosis, bowel mesentery involvement, omental involvement, massive pelvic involvement, ascites and liver and/or spleen metastases. Those parameters achieving a negative predictive value ≥ 50% and a positive predictive value ≥ 50% in predicting suboptimal cytoreduction were included in the ultrasound scoring system, which was then calculated for each patient.ResultsUltrasound allowed a virtually conclusive diagnosis of massive pelvic involvement (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 97%), parenchymal liver metastases of any size (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 98%) and ascites (sensitivity, 98%; specificity, 97%) and a very reliable diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 88%) and omental involvement (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 90%), whereas it was not very good at excluding parenchymal spleen metastases or splenic hilum involvement (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 98%) and bowel mesentery involvement (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 88%). Ultrasound‐assessed peritoneal carcinomatosis, bowel mesentery involvement, omental involvement, massive pelvic involvement and ascites were included in our ultrasound score (which had a range of 0–6 points). With a cut‐off value of > 5, the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound score with regard to prediction of suboptimal cytoreduction were 31% (20/64) and 92% (46/50), respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound examination is able to assess intra‐abdominal disease in advanced ovarian cancer patients, with satisfactory concordance with laparotomic findings. Our ultrasound score can predict suboptimal cytoreduction and might be clinically useful. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Structures of a 1,5‐Diselena‐2,4‐disila‐3‐oxa‐cycloheptane Derivative and a Diselane. Behavior of the Mixture Containing 1,2‐Dilithio‐ and 1,2‐Bis(lithioseleno)‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12)
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAttempts to prepare a reagent containing the 1‐lithioseleno‐2‐lithio‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) were only partially successful. The non‐cyclic 1‐trimethysilylseleno‐2‐trimethysilyl‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) could be obtained in mixtures, and a corresponding diselane, formed by hydrolysis/oxidation could be isolated and characterized by X‐ray structural analysis. However, the synthesis of related heterocycles failed. Instead, cyclic species derived in principle from 1,2‐dilithio‐ and the 1,2‐bis(lithioseleno)‐1,2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) were isolated and characterized. This led to a new 1,5‐diselena‐2,4‐disila‐3‐oxa‐cycloheptane derivative, for which the structure in solution was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy (1H,13C,29Si,77Se NMR) and DFT calculations [B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)], and the molecular solid‐state structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Structural Diversity of ZnCl2 and Zn(C6F5)2 Complexes of a Phosphinimine Ligand
Authors: Wheaton Craig A. , Ireland Benjamin J. , Hayes Paul G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZinc complexes of the potentially bidentate neutral monophosphinimine ligand 4‐(ArN=PPh2)dibenzofuran were prepared. Two derivatives of this framework were studied, which differ in the steric demand of the N‐aryl group (Ar = Dipp, Mes). The ligand interacts with diethylzinc in solution but does not form a tightly bound complex, whereby the degree of association is found to be dependent on temperature. However, isolable complexes are formed upon reaction with the more Lewis acidic precursors ZnCl2 and Zn(C6F5)2. In this way, the ZnCl2 complexes 1 and 2 and Zn(C6F5)2 complexes 3 and 4 were prepared and structurally characterized. The nuclearity of 1 and 2 was shown to depend on the bulk of the ligand. Furthermore, the strength of the bonding interaction between the zinc atoms and the dibenzofuran oxygen atoms in 3 and 4 also depends on the choice of ancillary ligand. Attempts to further derivatize these complexes were unsuccessful, and thus, functionalization of the complex LZnEt(OTf) was undertaken instead, resulting in formation of the novel linear trinuclear complex 5.
New age determination of the Cenozoic Lunpola basin, central Tibet
Authors: HE HUAIYU , SUN JIMIN , LI QIULI , ZHU RIXIANG 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKnowing when the Tibetan Plateau reached its present elevation is important for understanding the uplift history of Tibet. Recently, Rowley & Currie (2006) suggested that central Tibet exceeded 4000 m from 35 Ma to the Pliocene using the oxygen-isotope composition of calcareous minerals in Lunpola basin sediments. However, they adopted a poor age assignment for the Dingqing Formation in the Lunpola basin based on previous microfossil studies. In this study, we present SIMS U–Pb zircon dates from a bentonite layer intercalated within the middle to lower Dingqing Formation. Twenty-six measurements yield a highly reliable U–Pb age of 23.5 ± 0.2 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.1), suggesting that the deposition age of the Dingqing Formation is late Oligocene to early Miocene, much older than the Miocene–Pliocene age used by Rowley & Currie (2006). This age robustly constrains the age of Cenozoic sedimentary strata in central Tibet, and hence provides an important basis for estimating the palaeoelevation in the high Tibet during the geological past.
Dysfunctional cognitions in personality pathology: the structure and validity of the Personality Belief Questionnaire
Authors: Fournier J. C. , DeRubeis R. J. , Beck A. T. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundThis study examines the structure of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality pathology, as proposed by the cognitive theory of personality dysfunction.MethodThe PBQ was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with responses from 438 depressed out-patients, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with responses from 683 treatment-seeking psychiatric out-patients. All participants were assessed for personality disorder (PD) using a standard clinical interview. The validity of the resulting factor structure was assessed in the combined sample (n=1121) by examining PBQ scores for patients with and without PD diagnoses.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory analyses converged to indicate that the PBQ is best described by seven empirically identified factors: six assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with forms of personality pathology recognized in DSM-IV. Validity analyses revealed that those diagnosed with a PD evidenced a higher average score on all factors, relative to those without these disorders. Subsets of patients diagnosed with specific DSM-IV PDs scored higher, on average, on the factor associated with their respective diagnosis, relative to all other factors.ConclusionsThe pattern of results has implications for the conceptualization of personality pathology. To our knowledge, no formal diagnostic or assessment system has yet systematically incorporated the role of dysfunctional beliefs into its description of personality pathology. The identification of dysfunctional beliefs may not only aid in case conceptualization but also may provide unique targets for psychological treatment. Recommendations for future personality pathology assessment systems are provided.
Ultraslow growth rates of giant gypsum crystals
Authors: Van Driessche A. E. S. , García-Ruíz J. M. , Tsukamoto K. , Patiño-Lopez L. D. , Satoh H. 
Published: September 2011

Mineralogical processes taking place close to equilibrium, or with very slow kinetics, are difficult to quantify precisely. The determination of ultraslow dissolution/precipitation rates would reveal characteristic timing associated with these processes that are important at geological scale. We have designed an advanced high-resolution white-beam phase-shift interferometry microscope to measure growth rates of crystals at very low supersaturation values. To test this technique, we have selected the giant gypsum crystals of Naica ore mines in Chihuahua, Mexico, a challenging subject in mineral formation. They are thought to form by a self-feeding mechanism driven by solution-mediated anhydrite-gypsum phase transition, and therefore they must be the result of an extremely slow crystallization process close to equilibrium. To calculate the formation time of these crystals we have measured the growth rates of the {010} face of gypsum growing from current Naica waters at different temperatures. The slowest measurable growth rate was found at 55 °C, 1.4 ± 0.2 × 10
-5
nm/s, the slowest directly measured normal growth rate for any crystal growth process. At higher temperatures, growth rates increase exponentially because of decreasing gypsum solubility and higher kinetic coefficient. At 50 °C neither growth nor dissolution was observed indicating that growth of giant crystals of gypsum occurred at Naica between 58 °C (gypsum/anhydrite transition temperature) and the current temperature of Naica waters, confirming formation temperatures determined from fluid inclusion studies. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of applying advanced optical techniques in laboratory experiments to gain a better understanding of crystal growth processes occurring at a geological timescale.
Compression and self-entanglement of single DNA molecules under uniform electric field
Authors: Tang Jing , Du Ning , Doyle Patrick S. 
Published: September 2011

We experimentally study the effects of a uniform electric field on the conformation of single DNA molecules. We demonstrate that a moderate electric field (∼200 V/cm) strongly compresses isolated DNA polymer coils into isotropic globules. Insight into the nature of these compressed states is gained by following the expansion of the molecules back to equilibrium after halting the electric field. We observe two distinct types of expansion modes: a continuous molecular expansion analogous to a compressed spring expanding, and a much slower expansion characterized by two long-lived metastable states. Fluorescence microscopy and stretching experiments reveal that the metastable states are the result of
intramolecular
self-entanglements induced by the electric field. These results have broad importance in DNA separations and single molecule genomics, polymer rheology, and DNA-based nanofabrication.
Unusual superconducting state at 49 K in electron-doped CaFe
2
As
2
at ambient pressure
Authors: Lv Bing , Deng Liangzi , Gooch Melissa , Wei Fengyan , Sun Yanyi , Meen James K. , Xue Yu-Yi , Lorenz Bernd , Chu Ching-Wu 
Published: September 2011

We report the detection of unusual superconductivity up to 49 K in single crystalline CaFe
2
As
2
via electron-doping by partial replacement of Ca by rare-earth. The superconducting transition observed suggests the possible existence of two phases: one starting at 49 K, which has a low critical field < 4 Oe, and the other at 21 K, with a much higher critical field > 5 T. Our observations are in strong contrast to previous reports of doping or pressurizing layered compounds AeFe
2
As
2
(or Ae122), where Ae = Ca, Sr, or Ba. In Ae122, hole-doping has been previously observed to generate superconductivity with a transition temperature (
T

c

) only up to 38 K and pressurization has been reported to produce superconductivity with a
T

c

up to 30 K. The unusual 49 K phase detected will be discussed.