bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical properties of particle segregation in homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Meneguz Elena , Reeks Michael W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA full Lagrangian method (FLM) is used in direct numerical simulations (DNS) of incompressible homogeneous isotropic and statistically stationary turbulent flow to measure the statistical properties of the segregation of small inertial particles advected with Stokes drag by the flow. Qualitative good agreement is observed with previous kinematic simulations (KS) (IJzermans, Meneguz & Reeks, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 653, 2010, pp. 99–136): in particular, the existence of singularities in the particle concentration field and a threshold value for the particle Stokes number $\mathit{St}$ above which the net compressibility of the particle concentration changes sign (from compression to dilation). A further KS analysis is carried out by examining the distribution in time of the compression of an elemental volume of particles, which shows that it is close to Gaussian as far as the third and fourth moments but non-Gaussian (within the uncertainties of the measurements) for higher-order moments when the contribution of singularities in the tails of the distribution increasingly dominates the statistics. Measurements of the rate of occurrence of singularities show that it reaches a maximum at $\mathit{St}\ensuremath{\sim} 1$, with the distribution of times between singularities following a Poisson process. Following the approach used by Fevrier, Simonin & Squires (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 553, 2005, pp. 1–46), we also measured the random uncorrelated motion (RUM) and mesoscopic components of the compression for $\mathit{St}= 1$ and show that the non-Gaussian highly intermittent part of the distribution of the compression is associated with the RUM component and ultimately with the occurrence of singularities. This result is consistent with the formation of caustics (Wilkinson et al. Phys. Fluids, vol. 19, 2007, p. 113303), where the activation of singularities precedes the crossing of trajectories (RUM).
Late Ordovician to Silurian ensialic magmatism in Liverpool Land, East Greenland: new evidence extending the northeastern branch of the continental Laurentian magmatic arc
Authors: AUGLAND LARS EIVIND , ANDRESEN ARILD , CORFU FERNANDO , DAVIKNES HANS KRISTIAN 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew U–Pb ID-TIMS geochronological and whole-rock geochemical data from the Hurry Inlet Plutonic Terrane in Liverpool Land provide evidence of a Late Ordovician to Silurian magmatic arc in the East Greenland Caledonides. These voluminous granitoid rocks range from meladiorite to monzonite and granite, they are alkali-calcic to calc-alkaline and magnesian, and have characteristic arc granitoid trace element signatures. Zircon data give ages of 446 ± 2 and 438 ± 4 Ma for two phases of the Hurry Inlet Composite Pluton, 426 ± 1 Ma for a meladioritic xenolith in the anatectic Triaselv granite, and 424 ± 1 Ma for the Hodal-Storefjord Pluton. The Late Ordovician plutons can be correlated with similar plutons in the uppermost nappes of the Scandinavian Caledonides, likely representing the northern branch of magmatic arcs formed on the Laurentian margin. Magmatism appears to have continued sporadically until about 425 Ma when a major, short-lived, magmatic event formed the bulk of the batholith on Liverpool Land. This activity was likely mantle-driven and can be correlated with the Newer Granites in Scotland, for which a slab break-off mechanism has been proposed. The increased heat flow from this process can also explain the generation of the crustally derived, syntectonic, two-mica granites, which are the areally most important Caledonian suite in East Greenland.
Multinodular goitre arising in the tracheal lumen: implantation or ectopic?
Authors: Love R L , Ahsan F , Allison R , Keast A , Lambie N 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectives:We report a case of multinodular goitre arising in thyroid tissue within the trachea. This tissue appears to have been implanted at the time of an earlier subtotal thyroidectomy.Case report:A 79-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of dyspnoea. Forty years earlier, she had been treated for a follicular adenoma with subtotal thyroidectomy. Investigation revealed tumour in the region of the right lobe of the thyroid, extending into and narrowing the trachea. A biopsy was performed, and the patient underwent excision of the right thyroid lobe tumour and cricotracheal resection with anastomosis. Histopathological findings were consistent with a multinodular goitre arising in thyroid tissue within the tracheal lumen.Conclusion:Intra-operative thyroid tissue implantation in the trachea and subsequent goitre development has not previously been described. This case illustrates the need for careful resection of the thyroid in order to maintain the integrity of normal anatomical structures.
Life history as an integrative theoretical framework advancing the understanding of the attachment system
Authors: Kruger Daniel J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEvolutionary Life History Theory (LHT) is a powerful framework that can be used for understanding behavioral strategies as contingent adaptations to environmental conditions. Del Giudice uses LHT as a foundation for describing the attachment process as an evolved psychological system which evaluates life conditions and chooses reproductive strategies appropriate in the developmental environment, integrating findings across several literatures.
Performance analysis of a human–robot collaborative target recognition system
Authors: Oren Y. , Bechar A. , Edan Y. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of time and action operational costs on an objective function developed by Becharet al. (A. Bechar, J. Meyer and Y. Edan, “An objective function to evaluate performance of human–robot collaboration in target recognition tasks,”IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C39(6), 611–620 (2009)) for collaborative target recognition systems. Different task types, system reaction types, and environments were evaluated. Results reveal two types of task and system reactions – one focused on minimizing false alarms, and the second on detecting a target when one is presented. In addition, the analysis reveals a new property of the objective function based on a specific ratio between the weight differences that generalizes the model's objective function and facilitates its analysis. Results indicate that human decision time strongly influences system performance.
Catadioptric panoramic stereovision for humanoid robots
Authors: Salinas C. , Montes H. , Fernandez G. , Gonzalez de Santos P. , Armada M. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a novel design of a reconfigurable humanoid robot head, based on biological likeness of human being so that the humanoid robot could agreeably interact with people in various everyday tasks. The proposed humanoid head has a modular and adaptive structural design and is equipped with three main components: frame, neck motion system and omnidirectional stereovision system modules. The omnidirectional stereovision system module being the last module, a motivating contribution with regard to other computer vision systems implemented in former humanoids, it opens new research possibilities for achieving human-like behaviour. A proposal for a real-time catadioptric stereovision system is presented, including stereo geometry for rectifying the system configuration and depth estimation. The methodology for an initial approach for visual servoing tasks is divided into two phases, first related to the robust detection of moving objects, their depth estimation and position calculation, and second the development of attention-based control strategies. Perception capabilities provided allow the extraction of 3D information from a wide range of visions from uncontrolled dynamic environments, and work results are illustrated through a number of experiments.
Frailty Markers Predicting Emergency Department Visits in a Community-Dwelling Sample of Vulnerable Seniors in Montreal
Authors: Au Anita , Puts Martine T.E. , Fletcher John D. , Sourial Nadia , Bergman Howard 
Published: October 2011

RÉSUMÉLa fragilité met les individus à un risque accru de mauvaise santé. Les personnes âgées consomment une quantité disproportionnée des ressources du service des urgence [SU]. Afin d’étudier la relation entre les marqueurs de fragilité et l’effet sur l’utilisation des services des urgence par les personnes âgées vivant dans les communautés, nous avons mené une analyse secondaire d’un essai prospectif randomisé contrôlé de 22 mois à Montreal, au Canada, en utilisant la base de données du Système de services intégrés pour personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie (SIPA). Nous avons evalué un échantillon de 565 individus, avec cinq marqueurs de fragilité : l’activité physique, la force, la cognition, l’énérgie et la mobilité. Une régression logistique univariée et multivariée a été réalisée afin d’évaluer la relation potentielle entre les marqueurs de fragilité et les visites aux urgences. Les résultats ont révelé que 70 pour cent des participants avaient au moins trois marqueurs de fragilité. Cependant, aucune relation n’a été trouvée entre les marqueurs de fragilité et les visites aux urgences. Ces résultats suggèrent, donc, que parmi les personnes âgées fonctionellement sévèrement handicapés au sein des communautés, la présence de marqueurs de fragilité ne semble pas prévoir les visites aux urgences.
Brain Cortical Thickness and Surface Area Correlates of Neurocognitive Performance in Patients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Healthy Adults
Authors: Hartberg C.B. , Sundet K. , Rimol L.M. , Haukvik U.K. , Lange E.H. , Nesvåg R. , Dale A.M. , Melle I. , Andreassen O.A. , Agartz I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRelationships between cortical brain structure and neurocognitive functioning have been reported in schizophrenia, but findings are inconclusive, and only a few studies in bipolar disorder have addressed this issue. This is the first study to directly compare relationships between cortical thickness and surface area with neurocognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia (n = 117) and bipolar disorder (n = 121) and healthy controls (n = 192). MRI scans were obtained, and regional cortical thickness and surface area measurements were analyzed for relationships with test scores from 6 neurocognitive domains. In the combined sample, cortical thickness in the right rostral anterior cingulate was inversely related to working memory, and cortical surface area in four frontal and temporal regions were positively related to neurocognitive functioning. A positive relationship between left transverse temporal thickness and processing speed was specific to schizophrenia. A negative relationship between right temporal pole thickness and working memory was specific to bipolar disorder. In conclusion, significant cortical structure/function relationships were found in a large sample of healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The differences that were found between schizophrenia and bipolar may indicate differential relationship patterns in the two disorders, which may be of relevance for understanding the underlying pathophysiology. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1080–1093)
Mathematical Modeling of Large-Amplitude Dynamic-Plastic Behavior of Circular Plates Subjected to Impulsive Loads
Authors: Zajkani Asghar , Shirkoohi Hamidreza Sefidi , Darvizeh Abolfazl , Darvizeh Mansour , Babaei Hashem Ghareh 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an analysis of the large-amplitude dynamic-plastic behavior of the circular plates with a rigid perfectly plastic material is presented. The plate is subjected to a short-time high-intensity impulsive load uniformly distributed over the surface. Modeling is complemented by using specific convex yield criteria. Corresponding to boundary conditions of the plate, it can be deformed through more than one mechanism, so, the mathematical formulation is based on the principle of calculus of variations in which the transverse displacement fields are assumed as a combination of appropriate paths. Based on the upper bound approach, the different terms of kinetic and consumed plastic energies likewise the applied impulse energy derived to produce an energy functional with unknown coefficients which is minimized through the displacement path. Finally, calculating the constants maximum residual deflection and strain distribution are obtained. Results of present model show satisfactory correlation with the empirical data for the different levels of the pulsed loads.
Using Distributed Brillouin Fiber Sensor to Detect the Strain and Cracks of Steel Structures
Authors: Chen C.-H. , Shen Y.-L. , Shin C.-S. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA distributed Brillouin fiber sensor was used to monitor the health of steel structures. We used this method on two steel beam specimens and longitudinal strain and cracks were detected well under different loads. The difference between the longitudinal strain measured by the distributed fiber sensor and that measured by strain gages is less than 4%. Traditional sensors or transducers that measure the average strain over a small region always miss cracks. The method proposed in this study gives very good results for the detection of cracks and the surrounding strain on a square pipe.
The Use of Sound-Field Amplification Devices in Different Types of Classrooms
Authors: Wilson Wayne J. , Marinac Julie , Pitty Kathryn , Burrows Carolyn 
Published: October 2011

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine if sound-field amplification (SFA) devices affected student performance in 3 different types of classrooms.

Method
The classroom performance of 147 children (77 males, 70 females, ages 8;2 [years;months] ± 5 months) was measured at the beginning and end of the second semester of their third year in 1 of 4 primary schools in Brisbane, Australia. Each school contained 2 participating classrooms, 1 with and 1 without an SFA device.

Results

The SFA devices contributed to small but significant improvements in student listening (
p
< .01) and auditory analysis (
p
< .05) skills, but only in the school where the participating classrooms were in a brick building (vs. a demountable building) with neighboring classrooms separated by solid walls (vs. open spaces). The classrooms in this school showed the lowest background noise measures (47–50 dB 1 hr, A weighted) and the second lowest reverberation times (0.87–0.91 s) overall, although these values still exceeded the maximums recommended by American National Standards Institute S12.60-2002 (2002).

Conclusion
These results suggest that any potential benefits of SFA devices are more likely to be realized in classrooms with better acoustics.
Educational Audiologists: Their Access, Benefit, and Collaborative Assistance to Speech-Language Pathologists in Schools
Authors: Richburg Cynthia McCormick , Knickelbein Becky A. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose
The main goals of this study were to determine if school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have access to the services of an audiologist and if those SLPs felt they obtained benefit from the audiologist’s services. Additional goals included gathering information about SLPs' (a) understanding of basic audiological concepts typical for a school setting, (b) added job responsibilities brought about by lack of access to an audiologist, and (c) collaboration with audiologists.

Method
A 36-item survey was e-mailed to 1,000 SLPs listed with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association as being employed in schools. Two-hundred and nine respondents from 42 states returned the survey.

Results
Seventy-six percent of the responding SLPs had access at some time to an audiologist, with 88% of them believing they received benefit from the services provided by that audiologist, primarily in the areas of hearing screenings and in-services. Thirty-eight SLPs (58%) who did not have access to an audiologist reported having additional job responsibilities.

Conclusion
Many school-based SLPs believed they received benefit from an audiologist when they had access to one. Collaboration between these professionals was strong, yet findings indicate that audiologists could improve their collaborative efforts with SLPs and assist them in working within their scope of practice and maintaining their ethical standards.
Narrative Ability of Children With Speech Sound Disorders and the Prediction of Later Literacy Skills
Authors: Wellman Rachel L. , Lewis Barbara A. , Freebairn Lisa A. , Avrich Allison A. , Hansen Amy J. , Stein Catherine M. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose

The main purpose of this study was to examine how children with isolated speech sound disorders (SSDs;
n
= 20), children with combined SSDs and language impairment (LI;
n
= 20), and typically developing children (
n
= 20), ages 3;3 (years;months) to 6;6, differ in narrative ability. The second purpose was to determine if early narrative ability predicts school-age (8–12 years) literacy skills.

Method
This study employed a longitudinal cohort design. The children completed a narrative retelling task before their formal literacy instruction began. The narratives were analyzed and compared for group differences. Performance on these early narratives was then used to predict the children’s reading decoding, reading comprehension, and written language ability at school age.

Results
Significant group differences were found in children’s (a) ability to answer questions about the story, (b) use of story grammars, and (c) number of correct and irrelevant utterances. Regression analysis demonstrated that measures of story structure and accuracy were the best predictors of the decoding of real words, reading comprehension, and written language. Measures of syntax and lexical diversity were the best predictors of the decoding of nonsense words.

Conclusion
Combined SSDs and LI, and not isolated SSDs, impact a child’s narrative abilities. Narrative retelling is a useful task for predicting which children may be at risk for later literacy problems.
Chromium supplementation: a tool for alleviation of thermal stress in poultry.
Authors: Șahİn K. , Tuzcu M. , Smith M. O. , Sahİn N. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Thermal stress is one of the major causes leading to loss of production and profit in the poultry industry. Productivity in general and feed efficiency, nutrient utilization, growth rate, egg production and egg quality, in particular, are depressed as a result of thermal stress. Thermal temperature also adversely affects availability of minerals (e.g. zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr) and selenium (Se)), suggesting that increased mineral excretion and decreased mineral retention are also other important consequences of thermal stress. Moreover, thermal stress leads to oxidative stress, inflammation and reduced antioxidant status of the bird
in vivo
, resulting in oxidative damage and decreased plasma concentrations of minerals (e.g. Zn and Cr) and vitamins (e.g. vitamin C and vitamin E). Chromium is a well-known essential trace element for animals. It appears to have a beneficial role in the regulation of insulin's action on carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Chromium is a part of glucose tolerance factor and chromodulin. In addition, Cr is thought to be essential for activating certain enzymes and for stabilization of proteins and nucleic acids. Chromium is postulated to function as an antioxidant. Some factors such as stress, high carbohydrate intake, obesity and acute exercise cause Cr depletion. Chromium deficiency causes disruption in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, reduction in insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, as well as impairment in growth rate. Chromium is used in the diets of thermal-stressed poultry because of its reported benefits. Chromium supplementation may decrease levels of blood corticosterone, glucose, inflammation and oxidative stress markers and increase weight gain in thermal-stressed poultry. Dietary intake of Cr may also improve the metabolizability of organic nutrients, retention of trace elements and meat quality in thermal-stressed poultry. This review deals with the effects of dietary Cr supplementation in poultry reared under thermal stress.
Food miles - the economic, environmental and social significance of the focus on local food.
Authors: Oglethorpe D. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Local food has received much attention in recent years not only through academic study but also through media-driven initiatives to promote more sustainable food systems. Whether these initiatives are correct in assuming that local food will drive more sustainable consumption and production, however, is moot. This review examines the literature relating to local food and reveals some mixed messages. In particular, in relation to our pre-conceived notions about local food providing a more 'wholesome' means of supply, messages relating to food miles and production simplicity may be misleading. The food miles issue, when taken literally in terms of transport efficiency, appears perverse as does environmental impacts connected with simpler processing and packaging of local food. However, there are counterbalancing economic and social welfare gains that may be attributable to local food that are less emblematic but just as relevant.
A review of research on forest-related environmental markets (including certification schemes, bioenergy, carbon markets and other ecosystem services).
Authors: Dargusch P. , Maraseni T. N. , Schmidt P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This review analyses the major themes extant across 199 research articles published in various peer-reviewed forestry and economics journals between January 2002 and June 2009 on the topic of forest-related environmental markets. The reviewed articles are categorized according to four areas of research: forest stewardship and sustainable supply chain certification; renewable energy generation from woody biomass; forest-based greenhouse gas emissions offsets and carbon markets; and ecosystem services from forests. Two key research questions are identified for future research: (1) how can certification schemes be used to promote ecologically and socially sustainable bioenergy generation from forest-related feed stocks and (2) how can certification schemes be used to promote ecologically and socially sustainable afforestation-based greenhouse gas emissions offsets that offer broader social and ecosystem benefits on appropriate regional scales?
Developments in probiotic encapsulation.
Authors: Favaro-Trindade C. S. , Heinemann R. J. B. , Pedroso D. L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Probiotics are live micro-organisms that bring benefits to consumer health. However, to exert these benefits, the micro-organisms must remain viable during processing and for the shelf-life of food (with a recommended number of viable cells above 10
6
UFC/g) and must be resistant to gastrointestinal (GI) fluids. However, in general, probiotic cultures have problems related to their viability, stability and depreciation of the sensory acceptability of foods through the production of off-flavours. Overcoming these problems required considerable research effort. As a result, numerous studies have shown that microencapsulation is an alternative for probiotics to provide stability, viability, no proliferation in food and, additionally, controlled release in the intestine. There are still many challenges in this area, such as determining the mechanisms of release of the content of the microcapsules, development of low-cost enteric polymer microcapsules, development of symbiotic microcapsules and conferring thermal stability to probiotic cultures. In this context, this review aims at demonstrating the advances available in microencapsulation of probiotics.