bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin Causes Hyperthermia by Direct Inhibition of Warm-Sensitive Neurons
Authors: Sanchez-Alavez Manuel , Tabarean Iustin V. , Osborn Olivia , Mitsukawa Kayo , Schaefer Jean , Dubins Jeffrey , Holmberg Kristina H. , Klein Izabella , Klaus Joe , Gomez Luis F. , Kolb Hartmuth , Secrest James , Jochems Jeanine , Myashiro Kevin , Buckley Peter , Hadcock John R. , Eberwine James , Conti Bruno , Bartfai Tamas 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
Temperature and nutrient homeostasis are two interdependent components of energy balance regulated by distinct sets of hypothalamic neurons. The objective is to examine the role of the metabolic signal insulin in the control of core body temperature (CBT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The effect of preoptic area administration of insulin on CBT in mice was measured by radiotelemetry and respiratory exchange ratio. In vivo 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake into brown adipose tissue (BAT) was measured in rats after insulin treatment by positron emission tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography imaging. Insulin receptor–positive neurons were identified by retrograde tracing from the raphe pallidus. Insulin was locally applied on hypothalamic slices to determine the direct effects of insulin on intrinsically warm-sensitive neurons by inducing hyperpolarization and reducing firing rates.

RESULTS
Injection of insulin into the preoptic area of the hypothalamus induced a specific and dose-dependent elevation of CBT mediated by stimulation of BAT thermogenesis as shown by imaging and respiratory ratio measurements. Retrograde tracing indicates that insulin receptor–expressing warm-sensitive neurons activate BAT through projection via the raphe pallidus. Insulin applied on hypothalamic slices acted directly on intrinsically warm-sensitive neurons by inducing hyperpolarization and reducing firing rates. The hyperthermic effects of insulin were blocked by pretreatment with antibodies to insulin or with a phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrate that insulin can directly modulate hypothalamic neurons that regulate thermogenesis and CBT and indicate that insulin plays an important role in coupling metabolism and thermoregulation at the level of anterior hypothalamus.
Degenerate Sklyanin algebras
Authors: Smirnov Andrey 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
New trigonometric and rational solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation (QYBE) are obtained by applying some singular gauge transformations to the known Belavin-Drinfeld elliptic R-matrix for sl(2;?). These solutions are shown to be related to the standard ones by the quasi-Hopf twist. We demonstrate that the quantum algebras arising from these new R-matrices can be obtained as special limits of the Sklyanin algebra. A representation for these algebras by the difference operators is found. The sl(N;?)-case is discussed.
The immunogenicity of the liposome-associated outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Moraxella catarrhalis
Authors: Augustyniak Daria , Mleczko Józef , Gutowicz Jan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the most immunogenic and attractive of the Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine antigens that may induce the protective immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two types of OMP-associated phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomal formulations (OMPs-PC, PC-OMPs) and of Zwittergent-based proteomicelles (OMPs-Z) in potentiating an anti-OMP systemic immune response in mice. The immunogenicities of the above preparations were evaluated by assessing serum anti-OMP IgG and IgA reactivity in the post-immunized mouse antisera using ELISA and Western blotting. Additionally, the cross-reactivity of the most effective anti-OMP response was determined using heterologous sera from both humans and mice. Both the proteoliposomes and the proteomicelles showed high immunogenic properties and did not elicit any distinct quantitative differences in the antibody titer or qualitative differences in the pattern of the mouse antisera. The post-immunized mouse antisera predominantly recognized a ∼60-kDa OMP of M. catarrhalis. That protein was also found to be a highly cross-reactive antigen interacting with a panel of pooled mouse antisera produced by immunization either with whole cells or the purified OMPs of heterologous M. catarrhalis strains. Furthermore, normal sera collected from healthy children were found to be preferentially reactive with the 60-kDa OMP. The serum-specific IgG, IgA and IgM were respectively detected via immunoblotting in 90%, 85% and 30% of heterologous human sera. This similar immunogenic effectiveness of both OMP-associated liposomal formulations could contribute to the practical use of such formulations in the future in human vaccination. Moreover, the highly cross-reactive 60-kDa OMP seems to be an important antigenic marker of M. catarrhalis, and, as it is responsible for the induction of an antibody-mediated and long-lasting immune response, studying it may partially aid us in understanding the relatively low degree of pathogenicity of the bacterium in immunocompetent individuals.
Displacement washing of kraft pulp cooked from a blend of hardwoods
Authors: Potůček František , Miklík Jozef 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the displacement washing of kraft pulp manufactured from a blend of hardwoods. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory washing cell. In order to characterise the pulp fibres, the degree of freeness, kappa number, fibre length, as well as the specific volume and specific surface of swollen fibres were determined. The displacement washing process was described by displacement washing curves recorded for alkali lignin as a tracer. Mathematical treatment of the washing curves, obtained as a response to the step input signal, gave the Péclet number characterising the displacement of alkali lignin from the pulp pad. For detailed description of the displacement washing process, further parameters, such as the traditional wash yield, axial dispersion coefficient as well as the mean residence time and the space time were also evaluated. The results obtained for hardwood pulp were compared with those for softwood pulp published earlier. With respect to different chemical composition and morphological characteristics affecting both concentration of alkali lignin in mother liquor and physical properties of pulp pad, the displacement washing efficiency of hardwood pulp was found to be unambiguously greater in comparison with softwood pulp.
Synthesis and characterization of conducting copolymer of (N 1,N 3-bis(thiophene-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Kümbül Altuğ , Turaç Ersen , Dursun Tuğba , Şahmetlioğlu Ertuğrul 
Published: October 2009

AbstractElectrochemical copolymerization of N 1,N 3-bis(thiophene-3-ylmethylene)benzene-1,3-diamine (TMBA) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was carried out in a CH3CN/LiClO4 (0.1 M) solvent-electrolyte via potentiodynamic electrolysis. Chemical structure of the monomer was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The resulting copolymer was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetry analyses (TGA). Conductivity measurements of the copolymer and PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) were carried out by the four-probe technique.
One-kilohertz Eye Tracker and Active Intraoperative Torsion Detection in the NIDEK CXIII and Quest Excimer Lasers
Authors: Waring George O. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose:
To describe recent technological additions to the NIDEK CXIII and Quest excimer lasers.

Methods:
A summary article with data from previous published studies outlining the benefits of newer technology.

Results:
The addition of a 1-kHz infrared eye tracker decreased the spread of laser spot placement from a mean of 228.79 µm without a tracker to 38.47 µm with the eye tracker. The addition of real-time torsion error correction produced a statistically significantly lower cylinder dispersion, mean manifest refractive cylinder, and error of angle postoperatively in eyes that underwent LASIK.

Conclusions:

The incorporation of an ultrahigh speed eye tracker and active cyclotorsion correction surpasses the minimal technology criteria required for accurate wavefront-based ablations. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25: S931–S933.]
Both TRIF- and MyD88-Dependent Signaling Contribute to Host Defense against Pulmonary Klebsiella Infection
Authors: Cai Shanshan , Batra Sanjay , Shen Li , Wakamatsu Nobuko , Jeyaseelan Samithamby 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes extensive lung damage. TLR signaling involves adaptors TRIF and MyD88. However, the relative contribution of TRIF and MyD88 signaling in host defense against pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of TRIF and MyD88 in K. pneumoniae pneumonia. TRIF−/− mice infected with K. pneumoniae showed impaired survival and reduced bacterial clearance, neutrophil influx, histopathologic evidence of inflammation, and TNF-α, IL-6, KC, MIP-2, but not LIX, expression in the lungs. In addition, K. pneumoniae-induced late NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of MAPKs was attenuated in the lungs of TRIF−/− mice. However, MyD88−/− mice infected with K. pneumoniae showed a much more remarkable phenotype, including impaired survival and reduced bacterial clearance, histopathology, and TNF-α, IL-6, KC, MIP-2, and LIX expression with almost no neutrophil influx in the lungs. In MyD88−/− mice, K. pneumoniae-induced early NF-κB and MAPK activation in the lungs was also reduced. Furthermore, the role of MyD88 is dominant over TRIF because TRIF/MyD88 double knockout mice displayed a more pronounced phenotype than TRIF−/− mice. Moreover, human alveolar macrophages pretreated with MyD88 blocking peptide showed attenuated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 expression. Also, C57BL/6 mice pretreated with MyD88 blocking peptide exhibited attenuation in K. pneumoniae-induced neutrophil influx and enhanced bacterial burden in the lungs and dissemination. Overall, this investigation provides new insights into the TRIF and MyD88 signaling triggered by pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection in the lungs and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MyD88 in reducing excessive neutrophil influx in human disease during Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.
Epigenetic Regulation of TLR4 Gene Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells for the Maintenance of Intestinal Homeostasis
Authors: Takahashi Kyoko , Sugi Yutaka , Hosono Akira , Kaminogawa Shuichi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are continuously exposed to large numbers of commensal bacteria but are relatively insensitive to them, thereby averting an excessive inflammatory reaction. In this study, we show that the low responsiveness of human IEC lines to LPS was mainly brought about by a down-regulation of TLR4 gene transcription. Additionally, the presence of an IEC-specific repressor element in the 5′ region of the TLR4 gene and binding of a NF to the element was shown. The transcription factor ZNF160, which was expressed more abundantly in a LPS-low responder IEC line than in a LPS-high responder IEC line, repressed TLR4 gene transcription. ZNF160 is known to interact with the scaffold protein KAP1 via its N terminus to recruit histone deacetylase. Histone deacetylation, as well as DNA methylation, at the 5′ region of the TLR4 gene was significantly higher in LPS-low responder IEC lines than in a monocyte line or a LPS-high responder IEC line. It was demonstrated that TLR4 gene transcription was repressed by these epigenetic regulations, which were, at least in part, dependent on ZNF160. Down-regulaton of TLR4 gene expression by these mechanisms in IECs possibly contributes to the maintainance of homeostasis in the intestinal commensal system.
Expansion of Functionally Skewed CD56-Negative NK Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Correlation with Outcome of Pegylated IFN-α and Ribavirin Treatment
Authors: Gonzalez Veronica D. , Falconer Karolin , Björkström Niklas K. , Blom Kim G. , Weiland Ola , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Alaeus Annette , Sandberg Johan K. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
NK cells are important innate immune effector cells, normally characterized as CD56+CD3− lymphocytes. In this study, we report that CD56−CD16+ NK cells expand in many patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. These CD56− NK cells were functionally impaired with respect to cytokine production upon target cell recognition, in comparison to CD56dim and CD56bright NK cell subsets. In particular, CD56− NK cells were strikingly defective in their polyfunctional response as measured by the coexpression of MIP-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD107a degranulation. The ability of these cells to mediate three or four of these functions was poor; expression of MIP-1β alone dominated their response. CD56− NK cells retained expression of receptors such as the natural cytotoxicity receptors and NKG2D, whereas the expression of CD57 and perforin was lower when compared with CD56dim NK cells. Interestingly, pretreatment levels of CD56− NK cells correlated with the outcome of pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin treatment. In patients with CD56− NK cells in the range of healthy subjects, 80% reached a sustained virological response to treatment, whereas only 25% of patients with levels clearly above those in healthy subjects experienced a sustained virological response. Thus, chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with an expansion of CD56− NK cells functionally skewed toward MIP-1β production only. Furthermore, high levels of these cells reveal a disturbance in innate cellular immunity that is associated with an impaired ability to respond to antiviral treatment with IFN-α and ribavirin.
Activated CD4+ T Cells Dramatically Enhance Chemotherapeutic Tumor Responses In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Radfar Soroosh , Wang Yixiang , Khong Hung T. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy has been widely studied in melanoma, with various degrees of success. One of the most common approaches is the so-called biochemotherapy, which is associated with increased toxicities, but without overall survival benefit. Another conventional strategy is the use of chemotherapy as an immunomodulator to enhance the effect of cancer vaccines or adoptive cell transfer therapy. Based on this approach, recent studies using chemotherapy to prepare the host before the infusion of ex vivo-activated, melanoma Ag-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high dose IL-2 resulted in an impressive response rate. However, the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of a broad range of cancer type is still lacking. In this study, we report the development of a simple yet universal approach termed “chemocentric chemoimmunotherapy” that has potential application in the treatment of all cancer types. This technique uses nonspecifically activated CD4+ T cells as a chemosensitizer before the administration of chemotherapy. Dramatic enhancement of the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, either active or nonactive as single agents, was observed both in in vitro and in vivo human tumor xenograft models. Soluble factors secreted from activated CD4+ T cells, likely acting on the tumor and its microenvironment, were responsible for the observed effect. Although IFN-γ played a major role in the therapeutic outcome, it was consistently found to be inferior to the use of activated CD4+ T cells in tumor chemosensitization. Our model may provide a plausible mechanism to facilitate further understanding, design and development of improved chemoimmunotherapy in the treatment of cancer.
Immunomodulatory Activity of Oenothein B Isolated from Epilobium angustifolium
Authors: Schepetkin Igor A. , Kirpotina Liliya N. , Jakiw Larissa , Khlebnikov Andrei I. , Blaskovich Christie L. , Jutila Mark A. , Quinn Mark T. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium has been traditionally used to treat of a number of diseases; however, not much is known regarding its effect on innate immune cells. In this study, we report that extracts of E. angustifolium activated functional responses in neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages. Activity-guided fractionation, followed by mass spectroscopy and NMR analysis, resulted in the identification of oenothein B as the primary component responsible for phagocyte activation. Oenothein B, a dimeric hydrolysable tannin, dose-dependently induced a number of phagocyte functions in vitro, including intracellular Ca2+ flux, production of reactive oxygen species, chemotaxis, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, oenothein B was active in vivo, inducing keratinocyte chemoattractant production and neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum after intraperitoneal administration. Biological activity required the full oenothein B structure, as substructures of oenothein B (pyrocatechol, gallic acid, pyrogallol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) were all inactive. The ability of oenothein B to modulate phagocyte functions in vitro and in vivo suggests that this compound is responsible for at least part of the therapeutic properties of E. angustifolium extracts.
Could mindfulness decrease anger, hostility, and aggression by decreasing rumination?
Authors: Borders Ashley , Earleywine Mitch , Jajodia Archana 
Published: October 2009

AbstractResearch suggests that rumination increases anger and aggression. Mindfulness, or present‐focused and intentional awareness, may counteract rumination. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relations between mindfulness, rumination, and aggression. In a pair of studies, we found a pattern of correlations consistent with rumination partially mediating a causal link between mindfulness and hostility, anger, and verbal aggression. The pattern was not consistent with rumination mediating the association between mindfulness and physical aggression. Although it is impossible with the current nonexperimental data to test causal mediation, these correlations support the idea that mindfulness could reduce rumination, which in turn could reduce aggression. These results suggest that longitudinal work and experimental manipulations mindfulness would be worthwhile approaches for further study of rumination and aggression. We discuss possible implications of these results. Aggr. Behav. 36:28–44, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ruthenium Catalysts for Controlled Mono‐ and Bis‐Allylation of Active Methylene Compounds with Aliphatic Allylic Substrates
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Jun , Demerseman Bernard , Xi Zhenfeng , Bruneau Christian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe allylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds and malononitrile with aliphatic allylic substrates is achieved under mild conditions in the presence of new ruthenium catalysts. The ruthenium complex [Ru(C5Me5)(2‐quinolinecarboxylato)(CH2CHCH‐n‐Pr)] [BF4] as a precatalyst, allows the synthesis of mono‐allylated branched derivatives. On the other hand, the parent complex [Ru(C5Me5)(MeCN)3] [PF6] as a precatalyst, straightforwardly favours the bis‐allylation of the procarbonucleophiles leading to bis‐allylated bis‐linear products. The involvement of the two precatalysts provides a sequential synthesis of unsymmetrical mixed linear‐branched bis‐allylated derivatives.
Screening Xanthene Dyes for Visible Light‐Driven Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Regeneration and Photoenzymatic Synthesis
Authors: Lee Sahng Ha , Nam Dong Heon , Park Chan Beum 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRegeneration of the nicotinamide cofactor is a critical issue in biocatalysis. Herein we have screened xanthene dyes for a highly efficient, visible light‐driven photochemical regeneration of cofactors and enzymatic synthesis. Superior catalytic performance was observed with several xanthene dyes such as phloxine B, erythrosine B, eosin Y, and rose bengal. We found that the photo‐ and electrochemical properties of the xanthene dyes were affected by the halogen atom substitution, which is a key factor in the efficient light‐induced electron transfer from the donor molecule to the catalytic mediator.
Stochastic modeling of particle motion along a sliding conveyor
Authors: Cronin Kevin , Catak Muammer , Dempsey Sean , Ollagnier Remi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe sliding conveyor consists of a plane surface, known as the track, along which particles are induced to move by vibrating the bed sinusoidal with respect to time. The forces on the particle include gravity, bed reaction force and friction. Because friction coefficients are inherently variable, particle motion along the bed is erratic and unpredictable. A deterministic model of particle motion (where friction is considered to be known and invariant) is selected and its output validated by experiment. Two probabilistic solution techniques are developed and applied to the deterministic model, in order to account for the randomness that is present. The two methods consider particle displacement to be represented by discrete time and continuous time random processes, respectively, and permits analytical solutions for mean and variance in displacement versus time to be found. These are compared with experimental measurements of particle motion. Ultimately this analysis can be employed to calculate residence‐time distributions for such items of process equipment. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Kinetics and mechanism of sodium N‐halo‐p‐toluenesulfonamides oxidation of diclofenac in alkaline medium
Authors: Puttaswamy  , Shubha J. P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDiclofenac belongs to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of diclofenac by sodium N‐halo‐p‐toluenesulfonamides viz., chloramine‐T and bromamine‐T in NaOH medium have been studied at 293 K. Under comparable experimental conditions, reactions with both the oxidants follow identical kinetics with a first‐order dependence on each [oxidant]o and a fractional‐order dependence on each [diclofenac]o and [NaOH]. Activation parameters have been computed. N‐hydroxyldiclofenac is identified as the oxidation product of diclofenac. Michaelis‐Menten type of mechanism has been suggested. The rate of oxidation of diclofenac is about four‐fold faster with bromamine‐T when compared with chloramine‐T. This may be attributed to the difference in electrophilicities of Cl+ and Br+ ions and also the van der Waal's radii of chlorine and bromine. Plausible mechanism and related rate law have been designed for the observed kinetics. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Modeling heterogeneous downward dense gas‐particle flows
Authors: Andreux Regis , Hémati Mehrdji 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA novel approach is proposed to model heterogeneous downward dense gas‐particle flows. The homogeneous behavior of the flow is described by the mass and momentum transport equations of the gas and particulate phases solved using a mono‐dimension finite volume method on staggered grids. The heterogeneous features of the flow are predicted simultaneously using the bubble‐emulsion formalism. The gas compressibility is taken into consideration. The model is supplemented with a new correlation to account for the wall‐particle frictional effects. The predictions are compared with the vertical profiles of pressure and the amount of gas that flows up and down two standpipes and a cyclone dipleg of an industrial fluid catalytic cracking unit and of a cold small‐scale circulating fluidized bed. The trends are well predicted. The model gives further information and is thus an innovative starting point for downward dense gas‐particle flow hydrodynamics investigation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010