bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Emotional Disclosure in Caregivers: Moderating Role of Alexithymia
Authors: Ashley Laura , O'Connor Daryl B. , Jones Fiona 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCaregivers have been found to experience high levels of depression and anxiety. This study explored the efficacy of two writing interventions aimed at reducing psychological distress in informal caregivers and examined the moderating effects of alexithymia. Caregivers (N = 150) were randomly assigned to (1) write about the stress related to being a caregiver, (2) write about positive life experiences or (3) write about a control topic for 20 min on 3 days at home. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months post‐intervention. Analysis of variance for a mixed design revealed no main effects of writing condition on the follow‐up measures. However, among caregivers with lower scores on alexithymia, those who wrote about positive experiences reported less anxiety and/or depression on follow‐ups at 2 weeks, at 2 months and at 6 months. Moreover, in the control condition, less anxiety was reported by caregivers with lower scores on alexithymia at 2 weeks and at 6 months. No effects of stress disclosure were observed; therefore, writing about caregiver stress should not be encouraged in this vulnerable group. These findings highlight the importance of examining moderating factors, such as individual differences variables as well as exploring the efficacy of alternative writing interventions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature location in source code: a taxonomy and survey
Authors: Dit Bogdan , Revelle Meghan , Gethers Malcom , Poshyvanyk Denys 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYFeature location is the activity of identifying an initial location in the source code that implements functionality in a software system. Many feature location techniques have been introduced that automate some or all of this process, and a comprehensive overview of this large body of work would be beneficial to researchers and practitioners. This paper presents a systematic literature survey of feature location techniques. Eighty‐nine articles from 25 venues have been reviewed and classified within the taxonomy in order to organize and structure existing work in the field of feature location. The paper also discusses open issues and defines future directions in the field of feature location. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family of piecewise expanding maps having singular measure as a limit of ACIMs
Authors: LI ZHENYANG , GÓRA PAWEŁ , BOYARSKY ABRAHAM , PROPPE HARALD , ESLAMI PEYMAN 
Published: November 2011

AbstractKeller [Stochastic stability in some chaotic dynamical systems. Monatsh. Math.94(4) (1982), 313–333] introduced families of W-shaped maps that can have a great variety of behaviors. As a family approaches a limit W map, he observed behavior that was either described by a probability density function (PDF) or by a singular point measure. Based on this, Keller conjectured that instability of the absolutely continuous invariant measure (ACIM) can result only from the existence of small invariant neighborhoods of the fixed critical point of the limit map. In this paper, we show that the conjecture is not true. We construct a very simple family of W-maps with ACIMs supported on the whole interval, whose limiting dynamical behavior is captured by a singular measure. Key to the analysis is the use of a general formula for invariant densities of piecewise linear and expanding maps [P. Góra. Invariant densities for piecewise linear maps of interval. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 29(5) (2009), 1549–1583].
Cryopreservation ofin vitro-grown shoot tips of strawberry by the vitrification method using aluminium cryo-plates
Authors: Yamamoto Shin-ichi , Fukui Kuniaki , Rafique Tariq , Khan Nayyar Iqbal , Castillo Martinez Carlos Roman , Sekizawa Kentaro , Matsumoto Toshikazu , Niino Takao 
Published: November 2011

Cryopreservation using an aluminium cryo-plate was successfully applied toin vitro-grown strawberry (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.) shoot tips. The shoots were cold-hardened at 5°C for 3 weeks with an 8-h photoperiod. The shoot tips (1.5–2.0 mm × 0.5–1.0 mm) were dissected from the shoot and pre-cultured at 5°C for 2 d on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2 M glycerol and 0.3 M sucrose. The pre-cultured shoot tips were placed on the aluminium cryo-plate containing ten wells embedded in alginate gel. Osmoprotection was performed by immersing the cryo-plates in a loading solution (2 M glycerol and 0.8 M sucrose) for 30 min at 25°C. Dehydration was performed by immersing the cryo-plates in plant vitrification solution 2 for 50 min at 25°C. Then, the cryo-plate with shoot tips was transferred into an uncapped cryotube that was held on a cryo-cane and directly immersed into liquid nitrogen (LN). After storage in LN, shoot tips attached to the cryo-plate were directly immersed into 2 ml of a 1 M sucrose solution for regeneration. Using this procedure, the average regrowth level of vitrified shoot tips of 15 strawberry cultivars reached 81%. This new method has many advantages and will facilitate the cryostorage of strawberry germplasm.
Effect of Memory Support and Elicited Production on Fast Mapping of New Words by Adolescents With Down Syndrome
Authors: Chapman Robin S. , Sindberg Heidi , Bridge Cynthia , Gigstead Katherine , Hesketh Linda 
Published: November 2011

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether memory support and elicited production differentially benefited fast mapping of new vocabulary (comprehension, production accuracy, and speed) in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) compared with typically developing (TD) children matched for syntax comprehension. The study also examined predictors of individual difference within groups.

Method
The ability of 19 adolescents with DS to fast map new noun vocabulary was compared with 18 TD children matched for syntax comprehension. The effects of memory support (5 examiner repetitions of the novel word vs. 1) and elicited production (2 repetitions by child vs. none) were evaluated in a repeated-measures design with counterbalancing of tasks.

Results
For novel word comprehension, low memory support impaired the TD but not DS participants. DS participants were slower to respond correctly in all conditions but benefited more from memory support than TD participants in speed of response. For novel word production, high memory support benefited all participants in the no-elicited-production condition. Elicited production improved performance equally in the 2 memory conditions. Standard comprehension measures predicted fast-mapped comprehension: vocabulary in the case of the DS group, syntax in the case of the TD group. Auditory short-term memory measures predicted fast-mapped production in the TD group but not the DS group. Hearing and grammatical morpheme comprehension predicted novel word production in the DS group.

Conclusions
DS participants' speed of comprehension of fast-mapped words was differentially increased compared with the TD syntax-comprehension–matched group, by memory support. Elicited production improved production fast-mapping for all participants, and memory support improved it in the absence of elicited production. Comprehension predicted individual differences in fast-mapped comprehension in DS; in addition, hearing predicted production.
Serum titres of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies are associated with different immunoregulatory milieu in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Andrade Lima Gabbay M , Sato M N , Duarte A J S , Dib S A 
Published: November 2011

Summary
Several studies correlated genetic background and pancreatic islet-cell autoantibody status (type and number) in type 1A diabetes mellitus (T1AD), but there are no data evaluating the relationship among these markers with serum cytokines, regulatory T cells and β cell function. This characterization has a potential importance with regard to T1AD patients' stratification and follow-up in therapeutic prevention. In this study we showed that peripheral sera cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, II-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10] and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2) measured were significantly higher in newly diagnosed T1AD patients when compared to healthy controls (P &lt; 0·001). Among T1AD, we found a positive correlation between CXCL10 and CCL-2 (r = 0·80; P = 0·000), IL-8 and TNF-α (r = 0·60; P = 0·000); IL-8 and IL-12 (r = 0·57; P = 0·001) and TNF-α and IL-12 (r = 0·93; P = 0·000). Glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD-65) autoantibodies (GADA) were associated negatively with CXCL10 (r = −0·45; P = 0·011) and CCL2 (r = −0·65; P = 0·000), while IA-2A showed a negative correlation with IL-10 (r = −0·38; P = 0·027). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR3, DR4 or DR3/DR4 and PTPN22 polymorphism did not show any association with pancreatic islet cell antibodies or cytokines studied. In summary, our results revealed that T1AD have a proinflammatory cytokine profile compared to healthy controls and that IA-2A sera titres seem to be associated with a more inflammatory peripheral cytokine/chemokine profile than GADA. A confirmation of these data in the pre-T1AD phase could help to explain the mechanistic of the well-known role of IA-2A as a more specific marker of beta-cell damage than GADA during the natural history of T1AD.
High‐pressure high‐temperature extraction of phenolic compounds from grape skins
Authors: Casazza Alessandro A. , Aliakbarian Bahar , Sannita Eugenia , Perego Patrizia 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis study focused on the use of a non‐conventional extraction technology by employing high‐pressure high‐temperature stirred reactor to extract polyphenols from grape skins. Extraction time (15–330 min) and temperature (30–150 °C) were selected as independent variables, and their effects were studied. A preliminary kinetic study on polyphenols extraction revealed that the second‐order model fitted satisfactorily the experimental results (R2 ≥ 0.9798). Total polyphenol yield and total flavonoid (TF) yield, as well as the antiradical power (ARP) of the extracts, were analysed. The use of high‐pressure high‐temperature technology resulted in obtaining extracts rich in polyphenols with high ARP. The highest total polyphenol (60.7 mgGAE ) and TF (15.1 mgCE ) yields were obtained at 150 °C for 270 min and 150 °C for 15 min, respectively. HPLC was employed to analyse phenolic compounds. Considerable quantities of single phenolic compounds were extracted. The highest yields of gallic acid, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, protocatechuic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, syringic acid, cumaric acid, trans‐resveratrol and quercetin (163.2, 20.0, 69.9, 420.0, 20.6, 603.0, 20.1, 42.4 and 117.1 mg per 100 gDS, respectively) were found. ARP values were found between 8.45 and 52.17 μgDPPH .
Assessment of variables effects on sugar cane juice clarification by carbonation process
Authors: Hamerski Fabiane , da Silva Vítor R. , Corazza Marcos L. , Ndiaye Papa M. , de Aquino Arislete D. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis paper reports a study of sugar cane juice carbonation and the evaluation of variables effects such as pH, carbonation time and temperature on industrially relevant parameters for the quality of sugar cane juice. Three different batches of sugar cane juice were evaluated using a complete two‐level factorial design with central point performed in triplicate. From results in this work, it can be seen that the higher sucrose concentrations and lower percentage of total soluble solids and reducing sugars were obtained in clarified juices with the maximum values for pH, time and reaction temperature (9.5, 60 min and 80 °C). The temperature favoured the removal of starch, phosphate and turbidity. Colour removal reached a maximum of 88–93% among the batches. The optimum clarification condition using carbonation procedure can be achieved between 20 and 40 min, at pH values between 8.0 and 9.5 and temperature condition at 80 °C.
Exploring the scope of expanding advanced nursing practice in nurse‐led clinics: a multiple‐case study
Authors: Shiu Ann T.Y. , Lee Diana T.F. , Chau Janita P.C. 
Published: November 2011

shiu a.t.y., lee d.t.f. & chau j.p.c. (2011) Exploring the scope of expanding advanced nursing practice in nurse‐led clinics: a multiple‐case study. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1780–1792.AbstractAim.  This article is a report on a study to explore the development of expanding advanced nursing practice in nurse‐led clinics in Hong Kong.Background.  Nurse‐led clinics serviced by advanced practice nurses, a common international practice, have been adopted in Hong Kong since 1990s. Evaluations consistently show that this practice has good clinical outcomes and contributes to containing healthcare cost. However, similar to the international literature, it remains unclear as to what the elements of good advanced nursing practice are, and which directions Hong Kong should adopt for further development of such practice.Methods.  A multiple‐case study design was adopted with six nurse‐led clinics representing three specialties as six case studies, and including two clinics each from continence, diabetes and wound care. Each case had four embedded units of analysis. They included non‐participant observation of nursing activities (9 days), nurse interviews (N = 6), doctor interviews (N = 6) and client interviews (N = 12). The data were collected in 2009. Within‐ and cross‐case analyses were conducted.Results.  The cross‐case analysis demonstrated six elements of good advanced nursing practice in nurse‐led clinics, and showed a great potential to expand the practice by reshaping four categories of current boundaries, including community‐hospital, wellness–illness, public–private and professional‐practice boundaries. From these findings, we suggest a model to advance the scope of advanced nursing practice in nurse‐led clinics.Conclusion.  The six elements may be applied as audit criteria for evaluation of advanced nursing practice in nurse‐led clinics, and the proposed model provides directions for expanding such practice in Hong Kong and beyond.
Neuroanatomical evidence demonstrating the existence of the vagal anti‐inflammatory reflex in the intestine
Authors: Cailotto C. , Costes L. M. M. , van der Vliet J. , VAN Bree S. H. W. , VAN Heerikhuize J. J. , Buijs R. M. , Boeckxstaens G. E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  The cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway is proposed to be part of the so‐called vago‐vagal ‘inflammatory reflex’. The aim of this study is to provide neuro‐anatomical evidence to support the existence of a functional neuronal circuit and its activation in response to intestinal inflammation.Methods  The expression of c‐fos was evaluated at different levels of the neurocircuitry in the course of postoperative ileus (POI) in a mouse model. Specific activation of the motor neurons innervating the inflamed intestine and the spleen was monitored by retrograde tracing using cholera toxin‐b. The role of the vagal afferent pathway nerve was evaluated by selective vagal denervation of the intestine.Key Results  Abdominal surgery resulted in subtle inflammation of the manipulated intestine at 24 h (late phase), but not after 2 and 6 h (early) after surgery. This local inflammation was associated with activation of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus. The vagal output mainly targeted the inflamed zone: 42% of motor neurons innervating the intestine expressed c‐fos IR in contrast to 7% of those innervating the spleen. Vagal denervation of the intestine abolished c‐fos expression in the brain nuclei involved in the neuronal network activated by intestinal inflammation.Conclusions & Inferences  Our data demonstrate that intestinal inflammation triggers a vagally mediated circuit leading mainly to activation of vagal motor neurons connected to the inflamed intestine. These findings for the first time provide neuro‐anatomical evidence for the existence of the endogenous ‘inflammatory reflex’ and its activation during inflammation.
The WAVY GROWTH 3 E3 ligase family controls the gravitropic response in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Sakai Tatsuya , Mochizuki Susumu , Haga Ken , Uehara Yukiko , Suzuki Akane , Harada Akiko , Wada Takuji , Ishiguro Sumie , Okada Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2011

SummaryRegulation of the root growth pattern is an important control mechanism during plant growth and propagation. To better understand alterations in root growth direction in response to environmental stimuli, we have characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, wavy growth 3 (wav3), whose roots show a short‐pitch pattern of wavy growth on inclined agar medium. The wav3 mutant shows a greater curvature of root bending in response to gravity, but a smaller curvature in response to light, suggesting that it is a root gravitropism‐enhancing mutation. This wav3 phenotype also suggests that enhancement of the gravitropic response in roots strengthens root tip impedance after contact with the agar surface and/or causes an increase in subsequent root bending in response to obstacle‐touching stimulus in these mutants. WAV3 encodes a protein with a RING finger domain, and is mainly expressed in root tips. RING‐containing proteins often function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the WAV3 protein shows such activity in vitro. There are three genes homologous to WAV3 in the Arabidopsis genome [EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT ARREST 40 (EDA40), WAVH1 and WAVH2 ], and wav3 wavh1 wavh2 triple mutants show marked root gravitropism abnormalities. This genetic study indicates that WAV3 functions positively rather than negatively in root gravitropism, and that enhancement of the gravitropic response in wav3 roots is dependent upon the function of WAVH2 in the absence of WAV3. Hence, our results demonstrate that the WAV3 family of proteins are E3 ligases that are required for root gravitropism in Arabidopsis.
Chlamydial infection during trachoma monitoring: are the most difficult‐to‐reach children more likely to be infected?
Authors: Keenan Jeremy D. , Moncada J. , Gebre T. , Ayele B. , Chen M. C. , Yu S. N. , Emerson P. M. , Stoller N. E. , McCulloch C. E. , Gaynor B. D. , Schachter J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives  During mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma, certain individuals are difficult to locate and go untreated. These untreated individuals may serve as a source of community reinfection. The importance of this difficult‐to‐locate, untreated population is unclear. We sought to determine whether individuals who are difficult to locate were more likely to be infected with ocular chlamydia than those who were easier to locate.Methods  We monitored 12 Ethiopian communities 1 year after a third annual mass azithromycin treatment for trachoma. Conjunctival swabbing for chlamydial RNA was performed in a random sample of children from each community. If insufficient numbers of children were enrolled on the first monitoring day, we returned on subsequent days.Results  Of the 12 communities, 10 required more than one monitoring day. On average, 16.1% (95% CI 7.9–30.0) of children were enrolled after the initial day. Evidence of chlamydia was found in 7.1% (95% CI 2.7–17.4) of 0‐ to 9‐year‐old children. No ocular swabs collected after the initial day were positive for chlamydial RNA. Children examined after the initial monitoring day were significantly less likely to have ocular chlamydial infection than children seen on the initial day; Mantel–Haenszel common OR = 0 (95% CI 0–0.77).Conclusions  In a setting of repeated annual mass azithromycin treatments, after approximately 80% of individuals have been located in a community, extra efforts to find absent individuals may not yield significantly more cases of ocular chlamydia.
Genetic structure of three fosmid‐fragments encoding 16S rRNA genes of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG): implications for physiology and evolution of marine sedimentary archaea
Authors: Li Ping‐Yi , Xie Bin‐Bin , Zhang Xi‐Ying , Qin Qi‐Long , Dang Hong‐Yue , Wang Xu‐Min , Chen Xiu‐Lan , Yu Jun , Zhang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: November 2011

SummaryArchaea of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group (MCG) exist widely in soil, freshwater and marine sediments of both surface and subsurface. However, current knowledge about this group is limited to its phylogenetic diversity. An archaeal 16S library was constructed from a sediment sample from the South China Sea, which was dominated by MCG and Marine Group I (MG‐I). A metagenomic library was constructed from the same sediment sample, and three MCG fosmids (E6‐3G, E37‐7F and E48‐1C) containing 16S rRNA genes were screened. Annotation showed that the three genomic fragments encode a variety of open reading frames (ORFs) that are potentially homologous to important functional genes related to lipid biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and resistance to oxidants. No colinear regions were found between MCG fosmids and reported archaeal genomic fragments or genomes, suggesting that the MCG archaea are quite different from the sequenced archaea in gene arrangement. Analyses of both the phylogenies of 16S rRNA genes and several informational processing genes and nucleotide frequencies showed that MCG archaea are distinct from MG‐I plus relatives. In addition, tetranucleotide frequency analysis in combination with phylogenetic analysis suggested that some fragments in the MCG fosmids are probably derived from non‐MCG or non‐archaeal genomes.
Nitrate reduction, nitrous oxide formation, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite in the gut of soil‐feeding termites (Cubitermes and Ophiotermes spp.)
Authors: Ngugi David Kamanda , Brune Andreas 
Published: November 2011

SummarySoil‐feeding termites play important roles in the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in tropical soils. Through the mineralization of nitrogenous humus components, their intestinal tracts accumulate enormous amounts of ammonia, and nitrate and nitrite concentrations are several orders of magnitude above those in the ingested soil. Here, we studied the metabolism of nitrate in the different gut compartments of two Cubitermes and one Ophiotermes species using 15N isotope tracer analysis. Living termites emitted N2 at rates ranging from 3.8 to 6.8 nmol h−1 (g fresh wt.)−1. However, in homogenates of individual gut sections, denitrification was restricted to the posterior hindgut, whereas nitrate ammonification occurred in all gut compartments and was the prevailing process in the anterior gut. Potential rates of nitrate ammonification for the entire intestinal tract were tenfold higher than those of denitrification, implying that ammonification is the major sink for ingested nitrate in the intestinal tract of soil‐feeding termites. Because nitrate is efficiently reduced already in the anterior gut, reductive processes in the posterior gut compartments must be fuelled by an endogenous source of oxidized nitrogen species. Quite unexpectedly, we observed an anaerobic oxidation of 15N‐labelled ammonia to nitrite, especially in the P4 section, which is presumably driven by ferric iron; nitrification and anammox activities were not detected. Two of the termite species also emitted substantial amounts of N2O, ranging from 0.4 to 3.9 nmol h−1 (g fresh wt.)−1, providing direct evidence that soil‐feeding termites are a hitherto unrecognized source of this greenhouse gas in tropical soils.