bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimorphic Modification of the Trinuclear Nickel(II) Complex [Ni3(NCS)6(pdz)6]: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal, Magnetic and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Wriedt Mario , Näther Christian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractReaction of nickel(II) thiocyanate and pyridazine (pdz) as organic spacer ligand leads to the formation of the ligand‐rich 1:2 (1:2 = metal to ligand ratio) trinuclear nickel(II) complex of composition [Ni3(NCS)6(pdz)6]. Depending on the reaction solvent, different polymorphic modifications are obtained: Reaction in acetonitrile leads to the formation of the new modification 1I and reaction in ethanol leads to the formation of modification 1II reported recently. In their crystal structures discrete [Ni3(NCS)6(pdz)6] units are found, in which each of the Ni2+ cations exhibits a NiN6 distorted octahedral arrangement. The central Ni2+ cation is coordinated by four bridging pdz ligands and two thiocyanato anions in trans positions. Both thiocyanato anions exhibit the end‐on bridging mode. The peripheral Ni2+ cations are bridged by one thiocyanato anion and by two pdz ligands with the central Ni2+ cation. Further they are coordinated by two terminal N‐bonded thiocyanato anions and one terminal N‐bonded pdz ligand. The structure of 1I was determined by X‐ray single crystal structure investigation and emphasized by infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements revealed a quasi Curie behavior with net ferromagnetic interactions for 1I and net antiferromagnetic interactions for 1II. Solvent‐mediated conversion experiments clearly show that modification 1I represents the thermodynamic most stable form at room temperature and that modification 1II is metastable. On thermal decomposition, both modification transform quantitatively in a new ligand‐deficient intermediate. Elemental analysis revealed a 3:4 compound of composition [Ni3(NCS)6(pdz)4]. A structure model supported by IR spectroscopic investigations was assumed, in which three coordination modes of the thiocyanato anion exist, resulting in a 2D polymeric network.
Torsional wave dispersion relations in a pre‐stressed bi‐material compounded cylinder
Authors: Ozturk A. , Akbarov S.D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWithin the framework of the piecewise homogeneous body model and through the application of the three‐dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in an initially stressed body, the torsional wave dispersion in pre‐stretched bi‐material compounded cylinders is investigated. It is assumed that the elasticity relations of the materials of the components of the cylinders are given through the Murnaghan potential. The numerical investigations are made for steel (St) (as a material for the solid cylinder) and bronze (Br) (as a material for a hollow covering cylinder). According to the numerical results obtained, the influence of the problem parameters such as the initial stresses in the components of the bi‐material compounded cylinder, the values of the mechanical and physical constants of the components, and the geometrical parameters (such as the relation of the thickness of the covering cylinder with the radius of the inner solid cylinder on the dispersion curves) are analyzed.
Iterative solvers within sequences of large linear systems in non‐linear structural mechanics
Authors: Hartmann S. , Duintjer Tebbens J. , Quint K.J. , Meister A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article treats the computation of discretized constitutive models of evolutionary‐type (like models of viscoelasticity, plasticity, and viscoplasticity) with quasi‐static finite elements using diagonally implicit Runge‐Kutta methods (DIRK) combined with the Multilevel‐Newton algorithm (MLNA). The main emphasis is on promoting iterative methods, as opposed to the more traditional direct methods, for solving the non‐symmetric systems which occur within the DIRK/MLNA. It is shown that iterative solution of the arising sequences of linear systems can be substantially accelerated by various techniques that aim at sharing part of the computational effort throughout the sequence. In this way iterative solution becomes attractive at clearly lower dimensions than the dimensions where direct solvers start to fail for memory reasons. The applications are related to small strain viscoplasticity of a smooth constitutive model for plastics and a finite strain plasticity model with non‐linear kinematic hardening developed for metals.
Discrepancy Between the Extent of Pancreatic Necrosis and Multiple Organ Failure Score in Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Mole Damian J. , McClymont Katie L. , Lau Sarah , Mills Rosamund , Stamp‐Vincent Christopher , Garden O. James , Parks Rowan W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundWhether pancreatic necrosis is a prerequisite for the development of multiorgan failure (MOF) in severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is not clear and has implications for the rational design of translational therapies. This study was designed to investigate the magnitude of any association between MOF and radiologically evident pancreatic or extrapancreatic complications of AP.MethodsData regarding 276 patients with AP were analyzed retrospectively with regard to clinical presentation, MOF severity, computerized tomography (CT) evidence of pancreatic necrosis, and modified CT severity index (MCTSI).ResultsAgreement between the presence of necrosis and MOF status was seen in 160 of 276 patient episodes (58%; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 52.1–63.8%). In 116 of 276 episodes, the MCTSI and MOF scores disagreed (42%; 95% CI, 36.2–47.9%). CT evidence of pancreatic necrosis was present in 21 of 104 (20.2%) patients without any evidence of MOF, and there was no evidence of necrosis on CT scan in 95 of 176 (54%) patients with MOF. Full‐factorial univariate analysis suggested that extrapancreatic complications seen on CT, in particular intra‐abdominal fluid collections (effect size = 0.02; P = 0.016) and abnormal liver enhancement (effect size = 0.035; P = 0.031) were associated with severity of MOF, and exerted an even greater effect when they occurred synchronously.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between the presence of necrosis and the occurrence of MOF favors association but not cause in AP. A complex, systems‐based, pleiotropic inflammatory network with a common root, in which the extent of pancreatic necrosis influences the severity of MOF in certain individuals and MOF exacerbates the development of pancreatic necrosis in others, seems more likely.
Life‐history variation following habitat degradation associated with differing fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in a rainforest cycad
Authors: Lopez‐Gallego Cristina , O'Neil Pamela 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHabitat degradation can result in drastic environmental changes potentially affecting the life‐history of populations and aspects of the reproductive biology and the genetic structure within and among populations. Here, we explore how life‐history differences between subpopulations from contrasting habitats may affect mating availability, which in turn will indirectly affect the strength of spatial genetic structure within populations of a tropical rainforest cycad (Zamia fairchildiana). Subpopulations exposed to higher light availability in degraded‐forest habitats had male individuals that grew faster, reproduced earlier, and invested more in reproduction than in native‐forest habitat subpopulations. These differences in life history resulted in degraded‐habitat subpopulations showing a higher proportion of reproductive adults and greater mate availability in a reproductive season. Subpopulations in the degraded habitat showed weaker SGS, i.e., a smaller slope in the linear regression of genetic relatedness on linear distance. Environmentally induced changes in life history and subsequent changes in the strength of the SGS after habitat degradation may have important consequences for population viability and should be of concern in conservation.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanowire–CdO Composite Nanostructures
Authors: Senthil Karuppanan , Tak Youngjo , Seol Minsu , Yong Kijung 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
ZnO nanowire–CdO composite nanostructures were fabricated by a simple two-step process involving ammonia solution method and thermal evaporation. First, ZnO nanowires (NWs) were grown on Si substrate by aqueous ammonia solution method and then CdO was deposited on these ZnO NWs by thermal evaporation of cadmium chloride powder. The surface morphology and structure of the synthesized composite structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The optical absorbance spectrum showed that ZnO NW–CdO composites can absorb light up to 550 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum of the composite structure does not show any CdO-related emission peak and also there was no band gap modification of ZnO due to CdO. The photocurrent measurements showed that ZnO NW–CdO composite structures have better photocurrent when compared with the bare ZnO NWs.
Mikrozephaliesyndrome und geistige Behinderung
Authors: Wieczorek D. 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Ursachenabklärung der mentalen Retardierung, die mit einer Prävalenz von 2–3% in der Bevölkerung vorliegt, ist eine häufige Fragestellung in der klinisch-genetischen Sprechstunde. Ausgehend vom Leitsymptom Mikrozephalie, die ebenfalls mit einer Prävalenz von 2–3% angegeben wird, soll anhand der zugrunde liegenden Erbgänge ein Überblick über verschiedene Krankheitsbilder mit Mikrozephalie und Entwicklungsverzögerung/mentaler Retardierung gegeben werden. Die Winter-Baraitser-Dysmorphology-Database führt in der aktuellen Version 558 Krankheitsbilder mit diesen beiden klinischen Zeichen auf. Dies macht deutlich, dass die nachfolgende Übersicht nur einen Ausschnitt dieses umfassenden Gebiets der klinischen Genetik/Dysmorphologie wiedergeben kann.
Genetik der nichtsyndromalen geistigen Behinderung
Authors: Tzschach A. 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die meisten Patienten mit mentaler Retardierung (MR) sind von nichtsyndromaler MR (NS-MR) betroffen, d. h. sie weisen entweder überhaupt keine zusätzlichen klinischen, radiologischen oder metabolischen Merkmale auf oder die weiteren Auffälligkeiten sind für die Zuordnung zu einem etablierten Fehlbildungssyndrom nicht spezifisch genug. In den letzten Jahren wurden erhebliche Fortschritte bei der Aufklärung X-chromosomal vererbter Formen der NS-MR erzielt, und auch bei der Erforschung autosomaler NS-MR sind erste Erfolge zu verzeichnen. Beide Formen sind durch ausgeprägte genetische Heterogenität gekennzeichnet. Eine routinemäßige Mutationsanalyse in den bekannten NS-MR-Genen ist derzeit bei sporadischen Patienten nur begrenzt möglich und wird erst mit der Einführung neuer Sequenziertechnologien breite Anwendung finden. Im Gegensatz dazu können Patienten mit familiärer NS-MR bereits jetzt in molekulargenetische Screeningprogramme eingeschlossen werden. In der aktuellen Routinediagnostik sind aufgrund klinischer Überlappungen mit syndromalen MR-Formen auch mehrere Gene für die X-chromosomale NS-MR von Bedeutung.
Angeborene Hirnfehlbildungen und geistige Behinderung
Authors: Uyanik G. , Hehr U. 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
Hirnfehlbildungen sind klinisch und genetisch bedeutsame Ursachen für psychomotorische Entwicklungsstörungen und Epilepsien. Die diagnostische Einordnung erfolgt durch bildgebende Verfahren und ist die Grundlage für eine individuelle genetische Abklärung und für zuverlässige prognostische Aussagen. Für einen beträchtlichen Teil der Hirnfehlbildungen sind die molekularen Ursachen bereits bekannt. Mutationen in diesen Genen können mit milden Verlaufsformen assoziiert sein, bis hin zur geistigen Behinderung ohne strukturelle Hirnfehlbildungen. Die Aufklärung der molekulargenetischen Ursachen von Hirnfehlbildungen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Gehirnentwicklung bei und eröffnet gleichzeitig neue Einsichten in die Pathophysiologie von geistiger Behinderung und Epilepsie. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht sie die Erkennung und individuelle genetische Beratung von Anlageträgern und ist eine Voraussetzung für die pränatale molekulargenetische Diagnostik in Risikofamilien.
Chromosomale Ursachen der geistigen Behinderung
Authors: Reis A. , Rauch A. 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
Aneuploidien und Aneusomien stellen die häufigste bekannte Ursache mentaler Retardierung (MR) dar. Neben zahlenmäßigen Aberrationen ist eine Reihe von Mikrodeletionssyndromen klinisch und molekular gut definiert. Mit der Entwicklung von Verfahren zur systematischen, genomweiten Analyse auf Kopienzahlveränderungen mittels Array- oder Matrix-CGH („comparative genomic hybridization“) sowie Oligonukleotidmikroarrays konnten jüngst mehrere weitere Mikrodeletions- und Mikroduplikationssyndrome aufgedeckt werden. Neben rekurrenten Bruchpunkten zwischen repetitiven Sequenzen werden auch zahlreiche „private“ Aberrationen mit variablen Bruchpunkten gesehen, die meist andere Entstehungsmechanismen haben. Neben klinisch charakteristischen Syndromen sind mehrere Aberrationen durch extrem variable Expressivität und Penetranz gekennzeichnet, weshalb neben de novo aufgetretenen auch über scheinbar gesunde Eltern vererbte Aberrationen pathogenetisch relevant sein können. Das phänotypische Spektrum reicht von MR mit und ohne kongenitale Fehlbildungen bis hin zu psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, wobei Mikroduplikationen meist mit einer milderen phänotypischen Ausprägung als die entsprechenden Deletionen einhergehen.
Surgical blood loss during femoral rodding in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Pichard Carmen P. , Robinson Raymond E. , Skolasky Richard L. , Fedarko Neal S. , Leet Arabella I. 
Published: July 2009

Background Historically, patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have been reported to be at risk for significant surgical bleeding secondary to abnormalities in platelet function. By reviewing the operative blood loss in OI patients undergoing femoral osteotomies and rodding, we hoped to identify risk factors for excessive bleeding. Methods A retrospective review of 22 patients with 52 inserted femoral rods was conducted under Institutional Review Board approval. Information concerning patients and procedures was collected. Associations with mean blood loss were made for categorical variables using the unpaired t-test and for continuous variables using correlation. Multivariate linear regression was used to test the influence of potential risk factors for excessive bleeding. Results The mean blood loss was 197 cc (standard deviation [SD] 129 cc, range 10–500 cc). The adjusted mean blood loss (ratio of actual blood loss divided by the total predicted blood volume [Custer and Rau in “The Harriet Lane Handbook,” 18th edn. Mosby-Elsevier, Philadelphia, p 382, 2009]) was 0.16 (SD 0.13, range 0.01–0.44). Six blood transfusions were required out of 42 cases for a transfusion rate of 14%. The mean blood loss in those patients who were transfused was 279 cc compared with 182 cc for those not transfused. There were no differences in the adjusted mean blood loss between acute fracture treatment versus elective reconstruction ( P = 0.08), nor between primary rodding versus revision rodding ( P = 0.66). Older patients tended to have lower adjusted mean blood loss, though this was not significant ( P = 0.07). Increasing number of osteotomies tended to lead to increased adjusted mean blood loss ( P = 0.05). There was no association between operative time and adjusted mean blood loss ( P = 0.36). When adjusting for procedure characteristics, increasing age was associated with decreasing adjusted mean blood loss ( P = 0.008). Conclusion Predicting blood loss for femoral rodding in patients with OI is difficult, with no differences between revision and primary procedures or elective versus trauma cases. The blood loss in our patients undergoing femoral rodding was manageable, and the transfusion rate was reasonably low. Although massive blood loss has been described in patients with OI in the literature, we found that femoral rodding did not pose excessive risk of transfusion in our OI population.
Incudostapedial Rebridging Ossiculoplasty with Bone Cement
Authors: Baglam Tekin , Karatas Erkan , Durucu Cengiz , Kilic Ali , Ozer Enver , Mumbuc Semih , Kanlikama Muzaffer 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to evaluate hearing results of our experience with ionomeric bone cement repair of ossicular discontinuity between incus and stapes.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTertiary referral center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSOne hundred thirty‐six patients who underwent incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with ionomeric bone cement were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative audiologic results of incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with bone cement were evaluated. One year of follow‐up is provided.RESULTSThe postoperative air‐bone gap was less than 20 dB in 81.6 percent after one year. The mean preoperative and postoperative pure‐tone avarages of the patients were 52.82 ± 5.59 and 32.81 ± 7.18 dB, respectively (P < 0.01). The mean preoperative and postoperative air‐bone gaps were 35.83 ± 4.73 and 16.54 ± 5.01, respectively (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences among the hearing results of different types of surgeries (P >0.05). No complications in the middle ear related to bone cements were encountered.CONCLUSIONSIncudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with ionomeric bone cement is a reliable method for ossicular reconstruction that is cost effective and offers satisfactory hearing results in selected patients.
Percutaneous Treatment of Lymphatic Malformations
Authors: Shiels William E. , Kang D. Richard , Murakami James W. , Hogan Mark J. , Wiet Gregory J. 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to investigate a new treatment regimen for macrocystic and microcystic lymphatic malformations (LM) of the head and neck.STUDY DESIGNThe study represents a retrospective review of outcomes from new percutaneous treatments for lymphatic malformations.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThirty‐one patients (age range, 2 days to 51 years of age) underwent percutaneous treatment for LM of the head and neck from 2001 to 2007. The LM involved the orbit, ear, parotid gland, face, and neck. Twenty‐seven patients underwent primary treatment of LM; 4 were treated for recurrence after operative resection. Macrocysts ≥1 cm) were treated with dual‐drug chemoablation (sequential intracystic sodium tetradecyl sulfate and ethanol); doxycycline was used for microcysts. Macrocysts and microcysts were treated after complete cyst aspiration with sonographic guidance. Fifty‐four macrocysts and 125 microcysts were treated. The goal of treatment was complete cyst ablation documented by sonography or MR imaging.RESULTSMean number of treatments was 1.7 per patient; mean number of treatments for macrocysts was 1.1; mean treatments for microcysts was 1.7. Ablation efficacy was 179 of 179 (100%) cysts. Effective cyst ablation achieved effective clinical control with resolution of the external mass appearance. Treatments included massive head and neck mixed LM and cysts surrounding the facial nerve and brachial plexus. Infection occurred in 2 (6%) of 31 patients. No patient experienced postprocedural pain, skin necrosis, neuropathy, skin retraction, or myoglobinuria.CONCLUSIONPercutaneous sclerotherapy provides effective treatment for macrocystic and microcystic LM as primary treatment or for recurrence after surgical resection.
Analysis of Residual Symptoms after Treatment in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Using Questionnaire
Authors: Lee No Hee , Kwon Hee Jun , Ban Jae Ho 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVESCanalith repositioning procedure (CRP) provides rapid and long‐lasting relief of symptoms in most patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However, some patients express nonspecific symptoms such as anxiety or discomfort after treatment, even after the disappearance of nystagmus and vertigo. The purpose of this study was to assess the residual symptoms after CRP in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) in a questionnaire format.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGControlled, prospective study.SUBJECTS AND METHODSCRP was performed in 135 patients until nystagmus and vertigo disappeared. Patients were asked to complete the questionnaire before and 5 to 7 days after treatment. A control group of 135 normal volunteers was selected and cross‐matched according to the age and sex of the patient group. The data were compared for the pre‐CRP, post‐CRP, and control groups.RESULTSThere was a significant improvement in the DHI scores when comparing the pre‐ and post‐CRP groups (P= 0.000), although six items showed incomplete improvement. Subsequent comparison of DHI scores between the control group and the post‐CRP group still showed a difference in some items so that the improvement was incomplete.CONCLUSIONEven after successful CRPs, Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores indicated that residual subjective symptoms may remain. Thus, additional follow‐up and management are important for these patients.
The Effect of Arytenoid Resection on Functional Results of Cricohyoidopexy
Authors: Yäce İmdat , Çaglı Sedat , Bayram Ali , Karasu Fatih , Satı Işıl , Gäney Ercihan 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of arytenoid resection on voice and swallowing function in patients who undergo supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy.STUDY DESIGNA case series with chart review. According to the arytenoid number, patients were divided into two groups: 11 patients with two arytenoids and 9 patients with one arytenoid. The decannulation, nasogastric tube removal, and hospitalization times were noted. Maximum phonation time, average fundamental frequency, percent jitter, percent shimmer, and noise‐to‐harmonic ratio were measured. Grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenicity and strain scale (for the perceptual evaluation of vocal quality), Voice Handicap Index (for self‐assessment of the voice), and dysphagia score were used.RESULTSThe mean decannulation, nasogastric tube removal, and hospitalization time was 18.4, 40.2, and 32.7 days in patients with one arytenoid, whereas 8.8, 20.8, and 25.3 days in patients with two arytenoids, respectively. The differences were statistically significant. For all of the parameters that are associated with voice function and dysphagia, there was no statistically significant difference between one arytenoid and two arytenoids.CONCLUSIONArytenoid resection may affect the swallowing function in the early postoperative period, but for voice and deglutition functions there was no difference between cricohyoidopexy with one arytenoid and two over the course of time.
Emerging Concepts in Airway Infantile Hemangioma Assessment and Management
Authors: Perkins Jonathan A. , Duke William , Chen Eunice , Manning Scott 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in airway infantile hemangioma treatment.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective.SUBJECTSAirway hemangioma patients, tertiary pediatric hospital.METHODSData collected included age at diagnosis, evaluation methods, hospitalizations, airway size, and interventions. Patients were divided into group A (1981–1993) and group B (1994–2005) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Fisher exact test, and the Student t test.RESULTSThirty‐two subjects were identified. Nasopharyngoscopy was used more in group B (11/16 [69%]) than group A (4/16 [25%], P = 0.032). CT angiography (3/16 [19%]) and laryngeal distractors (11/16 [69%]) were only used in group B; these techniques showed airway hemangiomas to be “transglottic,” not just “subglottic.” Intralesional steroids alone (3/16 [19%]) and primary hemangioma excision (2/16 [13%]) were new treatments used in group B. Frequent direct laryngoscopies (>six) correlated with tracheotomy (5/32 [16%], P = 0.015). Presenting age (<2 months) impacted treatment more than airway hemangioma size.CONCLUSIONSNew methods of airway infantile hemangioma assessment changed our concept of airway hemangiomas and their primary treatment.