bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Evidence from a Parasitoid Wasp, Schlettererius cinctipes (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae), for a North American West-to-East Transcontinental Conduit for Wood-Boring Insects
Authors: Johansen Kacie J , Sharkey Michael J , Fisher J Ray 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Until recently, Schlettererius cinctipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) has been restricted to western North America. Since 1996, three specimens of S. cinctipes have been found in the eastern United States (Kentucky and Virginia). To determine whether these specimens represent recent introductions from the west, cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA and one region of 28s rDNA were examined, and pairwise distances were compared. Our results indicate the three specimens represent separate introductions from the west. Because S. cinctipes is a parasitoid of wood-boring insects, these conclusions indicate the ease and frequency with which wood-boring insects are transported across the United States.
Development and Age-Specific Mortality of Diamondback Moth on Brassica Host Plants: Pattern and Causes of Mortality Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Soufbaf Mahmoud , Fathipour Yaghoub , Karimzadeh Javad , Zalucki Myron P 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The development and mortality of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were studied in laboratory at 25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h on 10 canola cultivars: ‘SLM046,’ ‘Opera,’ ‘Okapi,’ ‘RGS003,’ ‘Modena,’ ‘Sarigol,’ ‘Zarfam,’ ‘Licord,’ ‘Hayula420,’ and ‘Talaye.’ Larvae successfully survived on all host plants. The developmental time of immature stages ranged from 15.03 ± 0.15 d on Hayula420 to 16.65 ± 0.29 d on Opera, with a larval period ranging from 7.67 to 8.91 d on these cultivars. Adult female longevity was longest on Hayula420 without any supplemental food. Life table entropy values (H &lt; 0.5) indicated Deevey's type I survivorship curve; however, the value of 0.541 on Hayula420 (H &gt; 0.5) corresponded to type III. Major mortality parameters such as fraction of original cohort dying between successive days of age, death frequency (dx) of immature P. xylostella, average daily mortality (), and central death rate (mx) were evaluated on canola cultivars and indicated that the highest mx occurred on RGS003, with relatively low potential of population growth, on fifth day of life when the pest is in early larval stages (Ll and L2). The early instars are the most susceptible stages and suffer the highest cause-specific mortality under laboratory conditions.
Unusual Life History Traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Inhabiting Nepenthes Pitchers
Authors: Mogi Motoyoshi 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Unusual life history traits of Aedes (Stegomyia) dybasi Bohart of Palau and Aedes (S.) maehleri Bohart of Yap, Micronesia, were observed in the laboratory. These species are unique in the subgenus Stegomyia in that they use pitchers of a carnivorous plant, Nepenthes mirabilis Druce, as larval habitats. Traits of Ae. dybasi were compared with two sympatric, container-breeding species, Aedes (S.) palauensis Bohart, a probable ancestor of Ae. dybasi, and Aedes (S.) hensilli Farner. Life history traits of Ae. dybasi differ distinctly from those of Ae. palauensis and Ae. hensilli in egg and adult stages as well as in the larva. The female is autogenous and lays a few but extremely large eggs that can neither resist desiccation nor postpone hatch. The latter two species take blood and produce many smaller eggs with desiccation resistance as usual in Stegomyia. Developmental time of eggs was shorter in Ae. dybasi, whereas that for larvae and pupae was longer. Ae. maehleri differs from other Stegomyia species in its early copulation, where males copulate with newly emerging females on the water surface. Females neither are autogenous nor take blood from human hands. Nepenthes pitchers that provide mosquito larvae with a unique environment could contribute to studying either converging or diverging patterns in mosquito evolution under phylogenic potential and constraints after acquisition of a new larval habitat.
Petrology and K-Ar chronology of the Neogene-Quaternary Middle Atlas basaltic province, Morocco
Authors: El Azzouzi M’hammed , Maury René C. , Bellon Hervé , Youbi Nasrrddine , Cotten Joseph , Kharbouch Fatima 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Middle Atlas basaltic province is the largest and youngest volcanic field in Morocco. A hundred well-preserved strombolian cones and maars emitted numerous mafic lava flows, which cover a surface of ca. 960 km2. The study of 103 samples from these volcanic units allows us to distinguish four lava types, to map their distribution, to provide new K-Ar ages and to discuss their petrogenesis on the basis of their petrologic and geochemical (major and trace element) features. Nephelinites represent only 1.2% of the total surface of volcanic units; they are scattered all over it as small monogenic volcanoes built during the Middle and Late Miocene (16.25-5.87 Ma) and the Plio-Quaternary (3.92-0.67 Ma). The three other types are exclusively Plio-Quaternary (3.77-0.60 Ma). Basanites cover 22.5% of the volcanic field area, and generally overlie the more widespread alkali basaltic flows (68.5% of the plateau surface). Finally, subalkaline basalts form the El Koudiate cone and associated flows (7.8% of the surface of the volcanic units) and their origin is ascribed to contamination of alkali basaltic magmas by the upper continental crust. We show that nephelinites, basanites and alkali basalts derive from temporally increasing but small degrees of partial melting of variably enriched spinel– and garnet-bearing peridotites from the base of the North-African lithospheric mantle, at depths of ca. 70 km. Partial melting was caused by an asthenospheric uprise, which induced dehydration melting of parga-site-bearing enriched peridotites, metasomatised during an earlier Cenozoic plume-related magmatic event.
A new Titanosaur genus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of southern France and its paleobiogeographic implications
Authors: Garcia Géraldine , Amico Sauveur , Fournier Francois , Thouand Eudes , Valentin Xavier 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A new titanosaur, Atsinganosaurus velauciensis, gen. and sp. nov. is described from well-preserved remains from the new Upper Cretaceous locality of Velaux-La Bastide Neuve (Aix-en-Provence Basin, France). This taxon is mainly diagnosed by a combination of characters, which differentiates it without ambiguity from other European Late Cretaceous taxa (Lirainosaurus, Ampelosaurus and Magyarosaurus). Atsinganosaurus confirms the presence in western Europe during the latest Cretaceous of a third titanosaurian species, slender and less derived which allows us to better understand the evolutionary and paleobiogeographical history of this group during the Cretaceous.
Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men
Authors: Buxton Orfeu M. , Pavlova Milena , Reid Emily W. , Wang Wei , Simonson Donald C. , Adler Gail K. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes. The effects of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity have not been established. This study tests the hypothesis that decreasing nighttime sleep duration reduces insulin sensitivity and assesses the effects of a drug, modafinil, that increases alertness during wakefulness.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This 12-day inpatient General Clinical Research Center study included 20 healthy men (age 20–35 years and BMI 20–30 kg/m2). Subjects spent 10 h/night in bed for ≥8 nights including three inpatient nights (sleep-replete condition), followed by 5 h/night in bed for 7 nights (sleep-restricted condition). Subjects received 300 mg/day modafinil or placebo during sleep restriction. Diet and activity were controlled. On the last 2 days of each condition, we assessed glucose metabolism by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Salivary cortisol, 24-h urinary catecholamines, and neurobehavioral performance were measured.

RESULTS
IVGTT-derived insulin sensitivity was reduced by (means ± SD) 20 ± 24% after sleep restriction (P = 0.001), without significant alterations in the insulin secretory response. Similarly, insulin sensitivity assessed by clamp was reduced by 11 ± 5.5% (P &lt; 0.04) after sleep restriction. Glucose tolerance and the disposition index were reduced by sleep restriction. These outcomes were not affected by modafinil treatment. Changes in insulin sensitivity did not correlate with changes in salivary cortisol (increase of 51 ± 8% with sleep restriction, P &lt; 0.02), urinary catecholamines, or slow wave sleep.

CONCLUSIONS
Sleep restriction (5 h/night) for 1 week significantly reduces insulin sensitivity, raising concerns about effects of chronic insufficient sleep on disease processes associated with insulin resistance.
Immune Cell–Derived C3 Is Required for Autoimmune Diabetes Induced by Multiple Low Doses of Streptozotocin
Authors: Lin Marvin , Yin Na , Murphy Barbara , Medof M. Edward , Segerer Stephan , Heeger Peter S. , Schröppel Bernd 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVEThe complement system contributes to autoimmune injury, but its involvement in promoting the development of autoimmune diabetes is unknown. In this study, our goal was to ascertain the role of complement C3 in autoimmune diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSSusceptibility to diabetes development after multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment in wild-type (WT) and C3-deficient mice was analyzed. Bone marrow chimeras, luminex, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were performed to evaluate the phenotypic and immunologic impact of C3 in the development of this diabetes model.RESULTSCoincident with the induced elevations in blood glucose levels, we documented alternative pathway complement component gene expression within the islets of the diabetic WT mice. When we repeated the experiments with C3-deficient mice, we observed complete resistance to disease, as assessed by the absence of histologic insulitis and the absence of T-cell reactivity to islet antigens. Studies of WT chimeras bearing C3-deficient bone marrow cells showed that bone marrow cell–derived C3, and not serum C3, is involved in the induction of diabetes in this model.CONCLUSIONSThe data reveal a key role for immune cell–derived C3 in the pathogenesis of murine multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes and support the concept that immune cell mediated diabetes is in part complement-dependent.
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Workers
Authors: Davila Evelyn P. , Florez Hermes , Fleming Lora E. , Lee David J. , Goodman Elizabeth , LeBlanc William G. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Arheart Kristopher L. , McCollister Kathryn E. , Christ Sharon L. , Clark John C. , Clarke Tainya 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors among occupational groups have been found in several studies. Certain types of workers (such as shift workers) may have a greater risk for metabolic syndrome, a precursor of CVD. The objective of this study was to assess the differences in prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome among occupational groups using nationally representative data of U.S. workers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from 8,457 employed participants (representing 131 million U.S. adults) of the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Unadjusted and age-adjusted prevalence and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for several potential confounders (BMI, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics) and survey design.

RESULTS
Of the workers, 20% met the criteria for the metabolic syndrome, with “miscellaneous food preparation and food service workers” and “farm operators, managers, and supervisors” having the greatest age-adjusted prevalence (29.6–31.1%) and “writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes,” and “engineers, architects, scientists” the lowest (8.5–9.2%). In logistic regression analyses “transportation/material moving” workers had significantly greater odds of meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome relative to “executive, administrative, managerial” professionals (odds ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.49–2.52]).

CONCLUSIONS
There is variability in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by occupational status, with “transportation/material moving” workers at greatest risk for metabolic syndrome. Workplace health promotion programs addressing risk factors for metabolic syndrome that target workers in occupations with the greatest odds may be an efficient way to reach at-risk populations.
Doom and Democracy: An Essay in Political Soteriology
Authors: Kohák Erazim 
Published: June 2010

Doom and Democracy: An Essay in Political Soteriology
The essay explores the philosophical (metatheoretical) presuppositions of democratic social strategy in the current "apocalyptic age". Here democracy means a way of life based on the assumption that individual freedom, mutual respect and fundamental good will toward the other can be taken for granted; as a feasible and a desirable way of ordering human affairs. In this broadly cultural sense, democracy is an outgrowth of a deeply rooted consensus on the posture of respect and good will toward all. Yet democracy, with its Enlightenment heritage of sober rationality, seems ill-equipped for dealing with apocalyptic threats. That what makes our age apocalyptic is truth denied. The arrogant posture of omnipotence leads to paralysis. A democratic strategy needs to be one that has the courage to face the truth and the commitment to deal heart and will with the finite tasks we recognise once we give up the arrogance of infinite ones.
Democracy and Common Interests across Borders
Authors: Ryder John 
Published: June 2010

Democracy and Common Interests across Borders
Our conception of the nation state, and the borders that separate nations, is an anachronism. It derives from the 17th century origins of the European state, and the general roughly Newtonian ideas of the time, according to which individual things are entirely distinct from one another. If we shift our fundamental ideas and consider things, including nations, as relational, then borders take on different functions than they traditionally do. Furthermore, if nations are constituted in their relations with one another, then there are serious implications for our conception of democracy in general and international relations conducted democratically. Democracy, and democratic international relations, consists of the pursuit of common interests across borders and boundaries, domestic and international.
Outcomes of cystocele repair surgery in relation to different anesthesia methods
Authors: PAKBAZ MOJGAN , MOGREN INGRID , LÖFGREN MATS 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective. To investigate outcomes of cystocele surgery by different anesthesia and evaluation of patient satisfaction. Design. Population‐based, retrospective study. Setting. All clinics that included patients in the Swedish National Register for Gynecological Surgery. Population. A total of 1,364 women who underwent cystocele repair from January 2006 to June 2009. Methods. The study population was retrieved from the Register among women who had surgery and where there was complete information on concurrently used anesthesia. Clinical variables were compared. Peri‐ and postoperative complications were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent factors for patient satisfaction. Main outcome measures. Time to recovery, complications and patient satisfaction. Results. We found a wide variation between hospitals with respect to use of local anesthesia (LA) in cystocele surgery. Length of hospital stay, duration of use of postoperative painkilling drugs, and patient‐reported time to return to daily activity were shorter in the LA group compared to the other two anesthesia forms. Postoperative complications did not differ between groups. Age (≥50 years) and patient‐reported complications were independent factors related to patient satisfaction (OR 3.05; 95%CI 1.36–6.82 and OR 0.21; 95%CI 0.12–0.36, respectively). Patient satisfaction did not relate to methods of anesthesia. Conclusion. Cystocele surgery can be performed safely using LA thus limiting the use of more invasive anesthesia methods. LA benefits patients and should be increasingly used.
Improvement in the Scratch Resistance of Polymers by Roller Burnishing Process
Authors: Low K. O. , El-Tayeb N. S. M. , Brevern P. V. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The ability of engineering polymers to resist scratching action has rapidly become a vital requirement for diverse industrial applications because scratches may greatly reduce the life cycle of the components. Therefore, the present work aims to study the possibility of using roller burnishing process to enhance the scratch resistance of polymers to a single pass scratching action. The effects of burnishing feed rate and roller contact width on the scratch hardness of poly(oxymethylene) and polyurethane were considered. The results revealed that low burnishing feed rate and smaller roller contact width led to an increase in scratch hardness for both polymers. The scratch fractures were also observed using SEM to study the changes in wear modes.
Effect of Processing Conditions on the Dispersion of Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber in a Polyamide 6 and the Crystalline Structure of their Composites by Melt Compounding
Authors: Koyama T. , Tanoue S. , Iemoto Y. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
We present the preparation of polyamide 6 (PA6)/Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber (VGCF) composites by melt compounding. Two commercialized forms of PA6 with different melt flow rates (herein named PA6-low and PA6-high.) and two VGCF, VGCF-H (aspect ratio: 40) and VGCF-S (aspect ratio: 100) were used in this study. Young's modulus and the yield strength increased when small amount of VGCF (e.g. 1 wt.%) was added to PA6, and the properties of PA6-low/VGCF composites increased with a decrease in the aspect ratio of VGCF. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, the dispersion state of VGCF in PA6-low/VGCF-S composites is superior to the PA6-low/VGCF-H composites. This may be due to the weakening of tensile properties caused by cracks between the adjoining crystals generated by the large amount of VGCF that act as nucleants. Hence, the aspect ratio of VGCF has an influence on the tensile properties of PA6/VGCF composites. The mechanical properties were shown to increase with VGCF-H length. Matrix viscosity and the screw rotation speed were also found to influence the mechanical properties of PA6/VGCF-H composites.
Role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Clements Debbie , Markwick Lee J. , Puri Nidhi , Johnson Simon R. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive disease caused by accumulation of metastatic (LAM) cells in the lungs, lymphatics, and the tumor angiomyolipoma (AML). LAM cells have biallelic loss of either tuberous sclerosis complex gene (but predominantly TSC-2) and resultant dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Chemokines are associated with neoplastic cell growth, survival, and homing to specific organs and may play similar roles in LAM. Our objective was to study comprehensively the expression and function of chemokine receptors and how their function interacts with dysregulation of the mTOR pathway in LAM and AML. We used RT-PCR and FACS to study receptor expression in primary AML cells and immunohistochemistry to investigate expression in tissues. Chemokine receptor function was analyzed in AML cells by Western blotting of signaling proteins and cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. Primary AML cells, LAM, and AML tissues expressed CCR3, CXCR4, CXCR6, and CXC3CR1. In AML cells, their ligands CXCL12 CX3CL1, CCL11, CCL24, and CCL28 caused robust phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK and Akt. CXCL12 was expressed in type II pneumocytes covering LAM nodules and caused AML cell growth and protection from apoptosis, which was blocked by AMD3100, a CXCR4 inhibitor. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, but not AMD3100, inhibited growth of AML tumor xenografts. We conclude that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis promotes, but is not absolutely required for, AML/LAM cell growth and survival.
A bidirectional between‐set statistical analysis method and its applications
Authors: Zhao Chunhui , Gao Furong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, a bidirectional statistical modeling and analysis approach is developed to relate two data tables (X1 and X2) under the supervision of each other. Different from quality prediction where the interest was to interpret one set of variables by another set, the current task lies in modeling simultaneously both data spaces in bidirectional fashion (X1 ↔ X2) responding to different between‐set relationships. It is performed in two steps. The first step aims at a bidirectional latent variable (Bi‐LV) extraction and preparation, by which the between‐set covarying relationship is preliminarily set up. In the second step, where a joint postprocessing is performed on the Bi‐LV modeling result (here termed Bi‐JPLV algorithm), different types of systematic variations are decomposed in each space. Correlated and unique variations are discriminated and evaluated in specific model parameters separately revealing between‐set similarity and dissimilarity, respectively. The proposed method gives a good interpretation of the underlying information within each data space from a bidirectional viewpoint, revealing practical application potential. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method are illustrated with both numerical and real industrial cases. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Characterization of feeder effects on continuous solid mixing using fourier series analysis
Authors: Gao Yijie , Muzzio Fernando , Ierapetritou Marianthi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVariance reduction ratio (VRR) is generally considered as an important index in characterizing the continuous powder mixing. Although the capacity of the mixer to smooth out feeder fluctuations can be expressed by the VRR, few studies are performed quantitatively in this area. The feeder effects are investigated on the solid mixer through the Fourier series analysis. The VRR is deduced quantitatively using the Fourier series of the feed rate variability and the residence time distribution (RTD), which facilitate the explicit decomposition of VRR into intensities of different frequency components. It provides a novel model to determine whether the integrated feeder‐mixer system satisfies specific solid mixing performance criteria, and provides guidelines of system improvement. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of Schiff‐base‐containing polyimides
Authors: Ghaemy Mousa , Mighani Hossein 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBenzyl bisthiosemicarbazone and its complexes with nickel (NiLH4) and copper (CuLH4) were used as diamine monomers for the synthesis of new Schiff‐base polyimides. The solution polycondensation of these monomers with the aromatic dianhydrides afforded metal‐containing Schiff‐base polyimides with inherent viscosities of 0.98–1.33 dL/g (measured in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone at 25°C). The polyimides were generally soluble in a wide range of solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrachloroethane, hexamethylene phosphoramide, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, and pyridine at room temperature. The initial degradation temperatures of the resultant polyimides fell in the range of 220–350°C in nitrogen with char yields ranging from 36 to 64% at 700°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010