bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoreline tracking and implicit source terms for a well balanced inundation model
Authors: Franchello Giovanni 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe HyFlux2 model has been developed to simulate severe inundation scenario due to dam break, flash flood and tsunami‐wave run‐up. The model solves the conservative form of the two‐dimensional shallow water equations using the finite volume method. The interface flux is computed by a Flux Vector Splitting method for shallow water equations based on a Godunov‐type approach. A second‐order scheme is applied to the water surface level and velocity, providing results with high accuracy and assuring the balance between fluxes and sources also for complex bathymetry and topography. Physical models are included to deal with bottom steps and shorelines. The second‐order scheme together with the shoreline‐tracking method and the implicit source term treatment makes the model well balanced in respect to mass and momentum conservation laws, providing reliable and robust results.The developed model is validated in this paper with a 2D numerical test case and with the Okushiri tsunami run up problem. It is shown that the HyFlux2 model is able to model inundation problems, with a satisfactory prediction of the major flow characteristics such as water depth, water velocity, flood extent, and flood‐wave arrival time. The results provided by the model are of great importance for the risk assessment and management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The economic significance of conditional skewness in index option markets
Authors: Jha Ranjini , Kalimipalli Madhu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study examines whether conditional skewness forecasts of the underlying asset returns can be used to trade profitably in the index options market. The results indicate that a more general skewness‐based option‐pricing model can generate better trading performance for strip and strap trades. The results show that conditional skewness model forecasts, when combined with forward‐looking option implied volatilities, can significantly improve the performance of skewness‐based trades but trading costs considerably weaken the profitability of index option strategies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:378–406, 2010
Examination of long‐term bond iShare option selling strategies
Authors: Simon David P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article examines volatility trades in Lehman Brothers 20+ Year US Treasury Index iShare (TLT) options from July 2003 through May 2007. Unconditionally selling front contract strangles and straddles and holding for one month is highly profitable after transactions costs. Short‐term option selling strategies are enhanced when implied volatility is high relative to time series volatility forecasts. Risk management strategies such as stop loss orders detract from profitability, while take profit orders have only modest favorable effects on profitability. Overall, the results demonstrate that TLT option selling strategies offered attractive risk‐return tradeoffs over the sample period. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:465–489, 2010
General equilibrium and preference free model for pricing options under transformed gamma distribution
Authors: Vitiello Luiz , Poon Ser‐Huang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe gamma class of distributions encompasses several important distributions, either as special or limiting cases or through simple transformations. Here we derived closed form and preference free European option pricing formulae for various (transformed) gamma distributions under the general equilibrium RNVR framework. The gamma class of distributions is used historically in hydrology for modelling natural events. Our models can be used to price derivatives associated with these natural phenomena, which will help to encourage greater risk sharing through financial securitization. Our pricing formulae are theoretically sound even if the underlyings and the derivative instruments are not (frequently) traded. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:409–431, 2010
Overexpression of GAP‐43 reveals unexpected properties of hippocampal mossy fibers
Authors: Rekart Jerome L. , Routtenberg Aryeh 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe mossy fiber (MF) system targets the apical dendrites of CA3 pyramidal cells in the stratum lucidum (SL). In mice overexpressing the growth‐associated protein GAP‐43 there is an apparent ectopic growth of these MFs into the stratum oriens (SO) targeting the basal dendrites of these same pyramidal cells (Aigner et al. (1995) Cell 83:269–278). This is the first evidence to our knowledge that links increased GAP‐43 expression with growth of central axons. Here we studied the Aigner et al. transgenic mice but were unable to confirm such growth into SO. However, using quantitative methods we did observe enhanced growth within the regions normally targeted by MFs, for example, the SL in the CA3a region. These contrasting results led us to study MFs with double‐immunostaining using an immunohistochemical marker for MFs, the zinc transporter, ZnT3, to visualize the colocalization of transgenic GAP‐43 within MFs. Unexpectedly, using both fluorescence and confocal microscopy, we were unable to detect colocalization of GAP‐43‐positive axons with ZnT3‐positive MF axons within the MF pathways, either in the region of the MF axons or in the SL, where MF terminals are abundant. In contrast, the plasma membrane‐associated presynaptic marker SNAP‐25 did colocalize with transgenic GAP‐43‐positive terminals in the SL. Synaptophysin, the vesicle‐associated presynaptic terminal marker, colocalized with ZnT3 but did not appear to colocalize with GAP‐43. The present findings raise important questions about the properties of granule cells and the MF mechanisms that differentially regulate axonal remodeling in the adult hippocampus: (1) Because there appears to be at least two populations of granule cells defined by their differential protein expression, this points to the existence of an intrinsic heterogeneity of granule cell expression beyond that contributed by adult neurogenesis; (2) Giventhe present evidence that growth is induced in mice overexpressing GAP‐43 in adjacent non‐GAP‐43 containing MFs, the potential exists for a heretofore unexplored interaxonal communication mechanism. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CA3 NMDA receptors are required for the rapid formation of a salient contextual representation
Authors: McHugh Thomas J. , Tonegawa Susumu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe acquisition of Pavlovian fear learning engages the hippocampus when the conditioned stimuli are multimodal or temporally isolated from the unconditioned stimuli. By subjecting CA3‐NR1 KO mice to conditioning protocols that incorporate time‐dependent components, we found that the loss of plasticity at recurrent CA3 synapses resulted in a deficits in contextual conditioning specifically when the exposure to the context was brief or when the unconditioned stimulus was signaled with a competing, predictive unimodal stimulus. Our results suggest CA3 contributes both speed and salience to contextual processing and support the theory of competition between multimodal and unimodal conditioned stimuli for associative learning. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remission induction, consolidation and novel agents in development for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Hamadani Mehdi , Awan Farrukh T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemotherapy regimens used for remission induction in AML have not changed significantly over the last several decades. However the recognition of the prognostic value of cytogenetics and genomics has been a major advance which is helping clarify the most optimal post‐remission consolidation strategy among various risk groups. We are not only beginning to realize the pitfalls of a ‘one‐fits‐all’ approach with intensive, cytarabine‐based chemotherapy as the mainstay, but we are finally beginning to reap the rewards of decades of basic, translational, and clinical research. Developing individualized, ‘targeted’ therapy for each AML patient based on unique molecular features of disease remains a daunting goal yet one that we can now begin to envision. Hypothesis‐based study designs—from pre‐clinical/laboratory experiments to phase‐I and subsequent efficacy trials—provide the foundation for advances in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment for patients with AML. Here we critically review the literature for the management of AML, try to give recommendations regarding the appropriate induction and remission strategy, clarify the role of stem cell transplantation and discuss novel agents on the horizon. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tubulin targets in the pathobiology and therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. II. γ‐tubulin
Authors: Katsetos Christos D. , Dráberová Eduarda , Legido Agustin , Dráber Pavel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadliest form of primary brain cancer in adults. Despite advances in molecular biology and genetics of cancer there is no currently available treatment for these tumors. Aberrant patterns of γ‐tubulin expression and compartmentalization in GBM have been reported lending credence to the assertion that these changes might underlie perturbations in microtubule nucleation and mitosis associated with glioma tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This minireview focuses on the role of γ‐tubulin in the pathobiology of GBM in the light of emerging concepts concerning the function of γ‐tubulin and its potential role in tumorigenesis putting forward the concept that γ‐tubulin might serve as a novel marker of anaplastic change in gliomas. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 514–520, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p8/nupr1 regulates DNA‐repair activity after double‐strand gamma irradiation‐induced DNA damage
Authors: Gironella Meritxell , Malicet Cedric , Cano Carla , Sandi Maria José , Hamidi Tewfik , Tauil Ricardo Martin Neme , Baston Mariela , Valaco Pia , Moreno Silvia , Lopez Frederic , Neira Jose Luis , Dagorn Jean Charles , Iovanna Juan Lucio 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe stress protein p8 is a small, highly basic, unfolded, and multifunctional protein. We have previously shown that most of its functions are exerted through interactions with other proteins, whose activities are thereby enhanced or repressed. In this work we describe another example of such mechanism, by which p8 binds and negatively regulates MSL1, a histone acetyl transferase (HAT)‐associated protein, which in turn binds the DNA‐damage‐associated 53BP1 protein to facilitate DNA repair following DNA γ‐irradiation. Contrary to the HAT‐associated activity, MSL1‐dependent DNA‐repair activity is almost completely dependent on 53BP1 expression. The picture that has emerged from our findings is that 53BP1 could be a scaffold that gets the HAT MSL1‐dependent DNA‐repair activity to the sites of DNA damage. Finally, we also found that, although p8 expression is transiently activated after γ‐irradiation, it is eventually submitted to sustained down‐regulation, presumably to allow development of MSL1‐associated DNA‐repair activity. We conclude that interaction of MSL1 with 53BP1 brings MSL1‐dependent HAT activity to the vicinity of damaged DNA. MSL1‐dependent HAT activity, which is negatively regulated by the stress protein p8, induces chromatin remodeling and relaxation allowing access to DNA of the repair machinery. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 594–602, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analytical study of polychromy on exterior sculpted stone
Authors: Campos‐Suñol M. J. , De la Torre‐Lopez M. J. , Ayora‐Cañada M. J. , Dominguez‐Vidal A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA complete study on the remnants of the polychromy in the main entrance portal of Saint Paul's church (16th century, Úbeda, Spain) has been carried out using Raman microspectroscopy in combination with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX). The polychromy in red areas showed the superposition of two well‐defined pictorial layers. The first one (probably original) was composed of cinnabar, red lead and hematite over a preparation coating containing calcite, gypsum and lead white. The second red pictorial layer was mainly constituted by cinnabar and was over a thicker preparation coating. Green samples showed a single pictorial layer over the weathered stone. The high fluorescence background made the examination of the latter samples extremely difficult by means of Raman microspectroscopy. SEM‐EDX detected abundance of copper and chlorine, and a detailed inspection of Raman spectra revealed the presence of a copper hydroxychloride, analogous to the naturally occurring mineral atacamite. Azurite remnants of the original polychromy were only found in the cracks of mortar joints. Alteration products like calcium and copper oxalates were also widely distributed in this layer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy analysis of 16th century Portuguese Ferreirim Masters oil paintings
Authors: Benquerença Maria‐João , Mendes N. F. C. , Castellucci E. , Gaspar Vítor M. F. , Gil Francisco P. S. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the present work a set of eight altarpieces of the 16th century (1532–1534), attributed to the Ferreirim Masters (Gregório Lopes, Garcia Fernandes and Cristóvão de Figueiredo), from the Santo António de Ferreirim Monastery (North of Portugal), were analysed by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. For this purpose some samples were taken from the paintings to characterise its artist's ‘school’. It was found that the preparation was made with chalk and gypsum and the palette composed mainly of lamp black, azurite, lead white (mixed with other pigments), lead–tin yellow type I, goethite (the main constituent of yellow ochre), red lead (as under painting), haematite (the main constituent of red ochre) and vermilion. Indigo was detected in one sample. Some derivatives and degradation products were found mainly in the panels subjected to high temperatures during a fire occurred in 1954: a degradation product from massicot or red lead, lead carbonate (dehydrated derivative of lead white), bassanite and anhydrite (hemi‐ and dehydrated forms of gypsum). These results are compared with those of previous total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) analyses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted caricatures
Authors: Pappas Dennis G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe original Vanity Fair was an English weekly magazine from 1868 to 1914. It offered its readers articles on fashion, current events, reviews of the theater, new books, reports on social events (and the latest scandals), and other trivia.Today, the old Vanity Fair is best known for its glorious caricature prints. Over 2,000 of these caricatures were printed, varying on at least 67 subjects. One category, doctors and scientists, presents four otolaryngologists. These four well known personalities will be presented with their satirical biographies, along with a brief historical account for each of their life after Vanity Fair. Laryngoscope, 2009
Cigarette smoke and reactive oxygen species metabolism: Implications for the pathophysiology of Reinke's edema
Authors: Branski Ryan C. , Saltman Benjamin , Sulica Lucian , Szeto Hazel , Duflo Suzy , Felsen Diane , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Oxidative damage mediates the lower airway response to cigarette smoke (CS). In the vocal folds, the tissue phenotype is both distinct and largely uncharacterized. We sought to investigate the effects of CS on the oxidative status and fibroblast phenotype in the vocal folds. Specifically, we hypothesized that CS would induce a hypermetabolic fibroblast phenotype and altered oxidative metabolism potentially providing insight into the relationship among CS, Reinke's edema (RE), and malignancy.Study Design:In vivo/in vitro.Methods:Heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 gene expression was examined in human tissue. In vitro, the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on HO‐1 gene expression and secretion was assayed. In addition, CS‐mediated intracellular reactive oxygen species synthesis was quantified, and compared to the response in pulmonary fibroblasts (HFL). We then examined the effects of CSC on migration and proliferation in human vocal fold fibroblasts (HVOX).Results:HO‐1 expression was ∼4‐fold higher in RE samples versus vocal fold polyps. CSC induced HO‐1 gene expression and secretion in a time‐ and dose‐dependent fashion in vitro. CSC also increased intracellular ROS in both HVOX and HFL. CSC decreased HVOX proliferation and migration in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions:These data suggest that the fibroblast phenotype is influenced by smoke. Our data suggest that the antioxidant response in the vocal fold tissue may be one mechanism of chemoprotection, a putative explanation for the observation that RE rarely transforms to malignancy. In addition, CSC does not appear to induce a hypermetabolic fibroblast phenotype as expected. Laryngoscope, 2009
Optimal permutation routing for low‐dimensional hypercubes
Authors: Laing Ambrose K. , Krumme David W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe consider the offline problem of routing a permutation of tokens on the nodes of ad‐dimensional hypercube, under a queueless MIMD communication model (in which we have the constraints that each hypercube edge may only communicate one token per communication step, and each node may only be occupied by a single token between communication steps). For ad‐dimensional hypercube, it is easy to see thatdcommunication steps are necessary. We develop a theory of “separability” which enables an analytical proof thatdsteps suffice for the cased= 3, and facilitates an experimental verification thatdsteps suffice ford= 4. This result improves the upper bound for the number of communication steps required to route an arbitrary permutation on arbitrarily larged‐dimensional hypercubes to 2d‐ 4. We also find an interesting side‐result, that the number of possible communication steps in ad‐dimensional hypercube is the same as the number of perfect matchings in a (d+ 1)‐dimensional hypercube, a combinatorial quantity for which there is no closed‐form expression. Finally we present some experimental observations which may lead to a proof of a more general result for hypercubes with arbitrarily large dimensiond. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2010
Integrating fundraising and campaigning
Authors: Lawson Roger , Ruderham Ruth 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

The world in which we are all fundraising is changing—and changing fast. We are seeing a new generation of donors coming through and the environment (not least the economy) that we operate in has also changed. And, on top of this, our need to engage people in different aspects of our organisations develops all the time.

As we become more integrated in the way we work, so our donors need us to be more integrated in the way we communicate with them. This paper explores why this is good for the charity and the donor and some of the ways that organisations are making this happen.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time localised forecasting of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation using neural network models
Authors: Love Barnaby S. , Matthews Adrian J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractExisting statistical forecast models of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) are generally of very low order and predict the evolution of a small number (typically two) of principal components (PCs). While such models are skilful up to 25 days lead time, by design they only predict the very largest‐scale features of the MJO. Here we present a higher‐order MJO statistical forecast model that is able to predict MJO variability on smaller, more localised scales, that will be of more direct benefit to national weather agencies and regional government planning. The model is based on daily outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) data that are intraseasonally filtered using a recently developed technique of empirical mode decomposition that can be used in real time. A standard truncated PC analysis is then used to isolate the maximum amount of variance in a finite number of modes. The evolution of these modes is then forecast using a neural network model, which does not suffer from the parametrisation problems of other statistical forecast techniques when applied to a higher number of modes. Compared to a standard 2‐PC model, the higher‐order PC model showed improved skill over the whole MJO domain, with substantial improvements over the western Pacific, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, South China Sea and Phillipine Sea. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Responding to public and private politics: corporate disclosure of climate change strategies
Authors: Reid Erin M. , Toffel Michael W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe challenges associated with climate change will require governments, citizens, and firms to work collaboratively to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a task that requires information on companies' carbon risks, opportunities, strategies, and emission levels. This paper explores the conditions under which firms participate in this endeavor. Building on theories of how social activists inspire changes in organizational norms, beliefs, and practices, we hypothesize that shareholder actions and regulatory threats are likely to prime firms to adopt practices consistent with the aims of a broader social movement. We find empirical evidence of direct and spillover effects. In the domain of private politics, shareholder resolutions filed against a firm and others in its industry increase a firm's propensity to engage in practices consistent with the aims of the related social movement. Similarly, in the realm of public politics, threats of state regulations targeted at a firm's industry as well as regulations targeted at other industries increase the likelihood that the firm will engage in such practices. These findings extend existing theory by showing that both activist groups and government actors can spur changes in organizational practices, and that challenges mounted against a single firm or a single industry can inspire both firm and field‐level changes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.