bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptually Based Appearance Modification for Compliant Appearance Editing
Authors: Law Alvin J. , Aliaga Daniel G. , Sajadi Behzad , Majumder Aditi , Pizlo Zygmunt 
Published: October 2011

AbstractProjection‐based appearances are used in a variety of computer graphics applications to impart different appearances onto physical surfaces using digitally controlled projector light. To achieve a compliant appearance, all points on the physical surface must be altered to the colours of the desired target appearance; otherwise, an incompliant appearance results in a misleading visualization. Previous systems typically assume to operate with compliant appearances or restrict themselves to the simpler case of white surfaces. To achieve compliancy, one may change the physical surface's albedo, increase the amount of projector light radiance available or modify the target appearance's colours. This paper presents an approach to modify a target appearance to achieve compliant appearance editing without altering the physical surface or the projector setup. Our system minimally alters the target appearance's colours while maintaining cues important for perceptual similarity (e.g. colour constancy). First, we discuss how to measure colour compliancy. Next, we describe our approach to partition the physical surface into patches based on the surface's colours and the target appearance's colours. Finally, we describe our appearance optimization process, which computes a compliant appearance that is as perceptually similar as possible to the target appearance's colours. We perform several real‐world projection‐based appearances and compare our results to naïve approaches, which either ignore compliancy or simply reduce the appearance's overall brightness.
Quantile Estimates of Counterfactual Distribution Shifts and the Effect of Minimum Wage Increases on the Wage Distribution
Authors: Stewart Mark B. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe paper presents a method for estimating the effects of a policy change on an outcome distribution that uses a comparator quantile rather than a control group and provides methods for estimating the variances of the estimators. The empirical analysis presents estimates of ‘spillover’ effects of increases in the UK minimum wage, i.e. effects on the wages of those who are already above the minimum, under various counterfactual distribution shift assumptions. Evidence is presented against a simple scaled counterfactual. On the basis of the proposed counterfactual estimated spillover effects are small and in most cases do not reach above the fifth percentile.
HISTORY/PHILOSOPHY/SCIENCE: SOME LESSONS FOR PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
Authors: Zammito John H. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTRheinberger's brief history brings into sharp profile the importance of history of science for a philosophical understanding of historical practice. Rheinberger presents thought about the nature of science by leading scientists and their interpreters over the course of the twentieth century as emphasizing increasingly the local and developmental character of their learning practices, thus making the conception of knowledge dependent upon historical experience, “historicizing epistemology.” Linking his account of thought about science to his own work on “experimental systems,” I draw extensive parallels with other work in the local history of science (the ideas of Latour, Pickering, Rouse, and others) and consider the epistemological implications both for the relation between history and philosophy of science and between history and theory more broadly. In doing so, I suggest that the long‐standing gap between the natural sciences and history as a “human science” has been significantly bridged by the insistence upon the local, mediated, indeed “historicized epistemology” of actual science.
ALL WRITTEN UP
Authors: Steedman Carolyn 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis edited collection of conference papers moves historiographical debate beyond the cultural, linguistic, subjective, and archival “turns,” and beyond historiographical questions asked from the “postcolony,” to consider the historian's role as writer and in relationship to his or her (dead) subjects. Wider cultural appropriations of the Holocaust frame several contributions and underpin the ethics of historical reconstruction discussed. This review of Unsettling History considers “raising the dead” as a paradigmatic activity of Western social historians, first articulated in the European nineteenth century. Using the perspective of its editors and contributors, it argues for a yet more detailed attention to historians' acts and performances of writing.
Social security contribution collection and compliance: Improving governance to extend social protection
Authors: Enoff Louis D. , McKinnon Roddy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUsing survey evidence collected from social security organizations and contribution collection agencies, a major aim of this article is to advance knowledge sharing and good practice on contribution collection and the enforcement of compliance. Although contribution collection and compliance have important social protection, political and fiscal dimensions, this article frames the pursuit of these objectives as an aspect of administrative good governance. The evidence suggests that seven core factors combine often to form the basis of success in contribution collection and compliance. In addition to improving benefit adequacy and the financial health and public standing of programmes, such success may support also national and international efforts to extend social protection coverage. Ultimately, the achievement and scale of any such success may be determined and delimited by the broader national policy environment, over which most social security organizations have little or no influence.
Environmental enrichment compensates for the effects of stress on disease progression in Tg2576 mice, an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Jeong Yun Ha , Kim Joon Min , Yoo Jongman , Lee Sang Hyung , Kim Hye‐Sun , Suh Yoo‐Hun 
Published: October 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07514.xAbstractVarious environmental factors are known to influence the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Environmental enrichment was reported to improve cognitive performance in various Alzheimer’s transgenic mice via an amyloid‐related or unrelated mechanism. However, stress has been found to accelerate amyloid deposition and cognitive deficits in many AD models. The aim of this study was to determine whether environmental enrichment compensates for the effects of stress on disease progression in the Tg2576 mice, an established AD model. We housed Tg2576 mice under environmental enrichment, enrichment plus stress, stress, or control conditions at 3 months of age. In this study, we first report that environmental enrichment counteracts the effects of stress in terms of cognitive deficits, tau phosphorylation, neurogenesis, and neuronal proliferation during AD‐like disease progression. These results strongly implicate the importance of environmental factors as a major modulator for the disease progression of AD.
Biosynthesis of the biomarker okenone: χ‐ring formation
Authors: VOGL K. , BRYANT D. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurple sulfur bacteria (PSB) mainly occur in anoxic aquatic and benthic environments, where they play important roles in cycling carbon and sulfur. Many PSB characteristically produce the unique keto‐carotenoid, okenone, which is important not only for its light absorption and photoprotection properties but also because of its diagenesis product, okenane, which is a biomarker for ancient sediments derived from anoxic environments. The specific methylation pattern of the χ‐ring of okenane is unlikely to be formed by diagenetic processes and should therefore reflect an enzymatic activity from okenone biosynthesis. This study describes two enzymes that produce the χ‐ring of okenone, the only structural element of okenone preserved in okenane. Genes encoding enzymes of carotenogenesis were identified in the draft genome sequence of an okenone‐producing PSB, Thiodictyon sp. strain CAD16. Two divergently transcribed genes encoded a CrtY‐type lycopene cyclase and a CrtU/CruE‐type γ‐carotene desaturase/methyltransferase. Expression of crtY in Escherichia coli showed that this gene encoded a lycopene cyclase that produced γ‐carotene as the only product. Although the sequence of the γ‐carotene desaturase/methyltransferase was more similar to CrtU sequences of green sulfur bacteria than to CruE sequences of cyanobacteria, expression of the crtU gene in Chlorobaculum tepidum showed that the enzyme produced carotenoids with χ‐rings rather than φ‐rings. Phylogenetic analysis of the carotene desaturase/methyltransferases revealed that enzymes capable of converting β‐rings to χ‐rings have independently evolved at least two times. These results indicate that it probably will not be possible to deduce the activity of carotene desaturase/methyltransferases solely from sequence data.
Post‐transcriptional regulation of IGF1R by key microRNAs in long–lived mutant mice
Authors: Liang Ruqiang , Khanna Amit , Muthusamy Senthilkumar , Li Na , Sarojini Harshini , Kopchick John J. , Masternak Michal M. , Bartke Andrzej , Wang Eugenia 
Published: October 2011

SummaryLong‐lived mutant mice, both Ames dwarf and growth hormone receptor gene–disrupted or knockout strains, exhibit heightened cognitive robustness and altered IGF1 signaling in the brain. Here, we report, in both these long‐lived mice, that three up‐regulated lead microRNAs, miR‐470, miR‐669b, and miR‐681, are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of genes pertinent to growth hormone/IGF1 signaling. All three are most prominently localized in the hippocampus and correspond to reduced expression of key IGF1 signaling genes: IGF1, IGF1R, and PI3 kinase. The decline in these genes’ expression translates into decreased phosphorylation of downstream molecules AKT and FoxO3a. Cultures transfected with either miR‐470, miR‐669b, or miR‐681 show repressed endogenous expression of all three genes of the IGF1 signaling axis, most significantly IGF1R, while other similarly up‐regulated microRNAs, including let‐7g and miR‐509, do not induce the same levels of repression. Transduction study in IGF1‐responsive cell cultures shows significantly reduced IGF1R expression, and AKT to some extent, most notably by miR‐681. This is accompanied by decreased levels of downstream phosphorylated forms of AKT and FoxO3a upon IGF1 stimulation. Suppression of IGF1R by the three microRNAs is further validated by IGF1R 3′UTR reporter assays. Taken together, our results suggest that miR‐470, miR‐669b, and miR‐681 are all functionally able to suppress IGF1R and AKT, two upstream genes controlling FoxO3a phosphorylation status. Their up‐regulation in growth hormone signaling‐deficient mutant mouse brain suggests reduced IGF1 signaling at the posttranscriptional level, for numerous gains of neuronal function in these long‐lived mice.
Glycation‐altered proteolysis as a pathobiologic mechanism that links dietary glycemic index, aging, and age‐related disease (in nondiabetics)
Authors: Uchiki Tomoaki , Weikel Karen A. , Jiao Wangwang , Shang Fu , Caceres Andrea , Pawlak Dorota , Handa James T. , Brownlee Michael , Nagaraj Ram , Taylor Allen 
Published: October 2011

SummaryEpidemiologic studies indicate that the risks for major age‐related debilities including coronary heart disease, diabetes, and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) are diminished in people who consume lower glycemic index (GI) diets, but lack of a unifying physiobiochemical mechanism that explains the salutary effect is a barrier to implementing dietary practices that capture the benefits of consuming lower GI diets. We established a simple murine model of age‐related retinal lesions that precede AMD (hereafter called AMD‐like lesions). We found that consuming a higher GI diet promotes these AMD‐like lesions. However, mice that consumed the lower vs. higher GI diet had significantly reduced frequency (P < 0.02) and severity (P < 0.05) of hallmark age‐related retinal lesions such as basal deposits. Consuming higher GI diets was associated with > 3 fold higher accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in retina, lens, liver, and brain in the age‐matched mice, suggesting that higher GI diets induce systemic glycative stress that is etiologic for lesions. Data from live cell and cell‐free systems show that the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and lysosome/autophagy pathway [lysosomal proteolytic system (LPS)] are involved in the degradation of AGEs. Glycatively modified substrates were degraded significantly slower than unmodified substrates by the UPS. Compounding the detriments of glycative stress, AGE modification of ubiquitin and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes impaired UPS activities. Furthermore, ubiquitin conjugates and AGEs accumulate and are found in lysosomes when cells are glycatively stressed or the UPS or LPS/autophagy are inhibited, indicating that the UPS and LPS interact with one another to degrade AGEs. Together, these data explain why AGEs accumulate as glycative stress increases.
Mobile Outreach Strategies for Screening Hepatitis and HIV in High‐Risk Populations
Authors: Zucker Donna M. , Choi Jeungok , Gallagher Emily R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT Objectives: To screen, counsel and offer hepatitis A and B vaccination for subjects at high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, and determine any relationship between risk factors and HCV positivity.
Design and Sample: A descriptive correlational design. We correlated risk factors and HCV positivity and measured vaccination completion rates. Two hundred and two unduplicated subjects in 4 locations in Western Massachusetts: a walk in substance abuse clinic, a homeless shelter, a county jail, and a community corrections facility.
Measures: Demographic data and a standard HCV risk‐ screening survey were used.
Results: Significantly higher rates of HCV were found in subjects who were currently using injection drugs (83.3% HCV positive, χ2(1)=20.85, p<.001), who had a history of sharing needles for drug use (75% HCV positive χ2(1)=83.20, p<.001), or a history of receiving treatment for drug abuse/alcoholism (38.4% HCV positive χ2(1)=12.14, p<.001). Vaccination completion ranged by setting between 18% and 38%.
Conclusions: Targeted outreach to hard to reach groups is effective in providing access for those at high risk for HIV and HCV infection. A mobile outreach strategy can focus needed resources for a variety of groups in a community.
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction, status epilepticus, seizures, and epilepsy: A puzzle of a chicken and egg?
Authors: Friedman Alon 
Published: October 2011

SummaryStatus epilepticus is often associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased vessels permeability. We discuss here the direct role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in epileptogenesis and brain damage. On the cellular level, astrocytes respond early to the efflux of serum proteins in the presence of dysfunctional BBB, with activation of the innate immune system and disturbed homeostasis of extracellular potassium and glutamate. In turn, there is enhanced excitability of neurons and altered network connectivity. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling appears to be a potential new target for the prevention of epileptogenesis and secondary damage following status epilepticus.
Complications of the management of status epilepticus in the intensive care unit
Authors: Schmutzhard Erich , Pfausler Bettina 
Published: October 2011

SummaryBarbiturates and propofol are widely used to control status epilepticus. This review aims to discuss all possible adverse effects incurred by the administration of GABA‐mediated anesthetic agents. Further on unconventional therapies such as ketamine, lidocaine, or anesthetic agents are discussed both with respect to efficacy and complications. The aim of this review is to raise awareness of complications incurred by therapeutic approaches to patients with status epilepticus in the intensive care unit.
Super‐refractory status epilepticus: An approach to therapy in this difficult clinical situation
Authors: Shorvon Simon 
Published: October 2011

SummarySuper‐refractory status epilepticus (SE) is a stage of refractory SE characterized by unresponsiveness to initial anesthetic therapy. It is a new concept that has been the focus of recent basic and therapeutic work, and is defined as “SE that continues or recurs 24 hours or more after the onset of anesthesia, including those cases in which SE recurs on the reduction or withdrawl of anesthesia.” It is encountered typically, but not exclusively, in two quite distinctive clinical situations: (1) in patients with severe acute brain injury, and (2) in patients with no history of epilepsy in whom status epilepticus develops out of the blue with no overt cause. There are a variety of treatments used, almost entirely based on open observational studies or case reports. Therapy includes anesthesia, antiepileptic drug therapy, hypothermia and ICU therapy, other medical, immunological, and physical therapies. In this review, the range of possible therapies is outlined and an approach to therapy is discussed.
Therapeutic potential of new antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Vezzani Annamaria , Bartfai Tamas , Bianchi Marco , Rossetti Carlo , French Jacqueline 
Published: October 2011

SummaryExperimental and clinical findings have shown in the past decade that specific proinflammatory mediators and their cognate receptors are upregulated in epileptic brain tissue. In particular, the IL‐1 receptor (R)/Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways are activated in experimental models of seizures and in human epileptic tissue from drug‐resistant patients. Pharmacological targeting of these proinflammatory pathways using selective receptor antagonists, or the use of transgenic mice with perturbed cell signaling, demostrated that the activation of IL‐1R type 1 and TLR4 by their respective endogenous ligands, i.e., interleukin (IL)‐1b and High Mobility Group Box 1, is implicated in the precipitation and recurrence of experimentally induced seizures in rodents. This evidence highlights a new target system for pharmacological intervention to inhibit seizures by interfering with mechanisms involved in their genesis and recurrence.
Acellular dermal matrix allograft versus subepithelial connective tissue graft in treatment of gingival recessions: a 5‐year randomized clinical study
Authors: Moslemi Neda , Mousavi Jazi Mahvash , Haghighati Farideh , Morovati Seyyedeh Pouya , Jamali Raika 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAimThe present randomized clinical trial compared the long‐term results of subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) versus acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) in treatment of gingival recessions.Materials and MethodsIn 16 patients with bilateral Miller Class I/II gingival recessions, one side was treated with SCTG and the other side with ADMA. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 6 months, and at 5 years post‐surgery.ResultsFifteen patients completed the study. At 6 months, all parameters showed significant improvement in ADMA and SCTG groups [complete root coverage (CRC): 73.3% versus 26.7%, p = 0.027; reduction of recession depth (RD): 2.6 ± 1.1 mm versus 2.2 ± 1.1 mm, p = 0.376; reduction of recession width (RW): 3.0 ± 1.4 mm versus 2.4 ± 1.4 mm, p = 0.207 respectively]. At 5 years, significant relapses were detected in CRC and reduction of RD and RW in both groups with no statistically significant difference (CRC: 20.0% versus 13.3%, p = 1.00; RD: 1.6 ± 1.2 mm versus 1.5 ± 1.4mm, p = 0.838; RW: 1.8 ± 1.4 mm versus 1.3 ± 1.5mm, p = 0.367). Patients practicing horizontal toothbrushing habit showed more relapse (OR = 11.2; p = 0.01). Compared with baseline, the gingival width (GW) did not increase in ADMA‐treated sites (p = 0.903).ConclusionFive‐year results of SCTG and ADMA were similar in terms of CRC and reduction of RD and RW. Both techniques showed a significant relapse associated with returning to horizontal toothbrushing habit. Increase of GW was stable in SCTG‐treated sites, but reached to pre‐surgical values in ADMA‐treated cases.
New technologies for studying the complexity of oral diseases
Authors: Burbelo PD , Bayat A , Lebovitz EE , Iadarola MJ 
Published: October 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 121–126Several new technologies are providing useful diagnostic tools and new information related to the pathogenesis of certain oral diseases. In this review, we describe several of these technologies including gene and microRNA arrays, proteomics, and antigen arrays as they relate to the study of Sjögren’s syndrome and head and neck cancer. A common theme is the systematic analysis of large‐scale inventories of RNAs, proteins, and autoantibody biomarkers revealing information not previously recognized. We also discuss metagenomic approaches that characterize the many different microorganisms present in the oral cavity that may impact oral and human health. Lastly, we describe applications of a new type of antibody‐profiling technology termed Luciferase Immunoprecipitation Systems (LIPS), which has a wide dynamic range of detection of both linear and conformational epitopes needed for optimum diagnostics and biomarker discovery. We propose that the information offered by these technologies will enhance our ability to diagnose, treat, and further understand the pathogenesis of multiple oral diseases.
Neurophysiology of Erection and Ejaculation
Authors: Giuliano François 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile erection and ejaculation are closely associated during sexual intercourse. Erection is a central psychoneuroendocrine and peripheral neuro-vasculo-tissular event, resulting in blood filling the sinusoidal spaces of the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum. Ejaculation represents the climax of the sexual cycle and comprises emission (secretion of semen) and expulsion (propulsion of semen) phases.

Aim
This article provides an overview of the proposed neurophysiology of erection and ejaculation.

Methods
Review of the literature.

Main Outcome Measures
Current data on the neurophysiology of erection and ejaculation.

Results
In terms of peripheral innervation, the pelvic plexus represents a junction for efferent nerves to the structures involved in erection and ejaculation. At the spinal level, the spinal cord contains three sets of neurons (thoracolumbar sympathetic, sacral parasympathetic, and somatic) innervating the sexual organs involved in erection and ejaculation. The presence of cerebral descending pathways to spinal erection and ejaculation centers indicates that the brain has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on these processes. Brain structures that modulate spinal command of erection and ejaculation are part of a larger network that is dedicated to regulating sexual responses. Neurophysiological and pharmacological research has elucidated that dopamine and serotonin have central roles in modulating erection and ejaculation. Interestingly, erection is not a prerequisite for ejaculation, and each of these sexual responses can exist without the other.

Conclusion
Despite the association between erection and ejaculation during intercourse, these two processes can be considered distinct events from an anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological perspective.