bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF BRACHYPTEROLUS PULICARIUS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) ON FLOWERING AND SEED PRODUCTION OF COMMON TOADFLAX
Authors: McClay A.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractImpact of the flower- and shoot-tip-feeding beetle, Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.), on growth, flowering, and seed production of common toadflax, Linaria vulgaris (L.) Mill., was investigated using potted plants. Brachypterolus pulicarius had no effect on root or shoot biomass of attacked plants. Adult feeding by B. pulicarius delayed onset of flowering by 27 days relative to controls. Flowering of attacked plants was suppressed from mid-June until mid-July, but by mid-August flowering was similar to that of control plants. Total seed weight, individual seed weight, and percentage germination were all reduced significantly on attacked plants, resulting in a 74% reduction in number of viable seeds produced. Brachypterolus pulicarius is univoltine in Alberta, overwintering mainly as pupae.
EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF THE PHENOLOGY OF EGG HATCH IN CYCLIC POPULATIONS OF TENT CATERPILLARS
Authors: Myers Judith H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEggs of western tent caterpillars hatch just as leaves of their food plants are developing. To determine the impact of asynchrony between leaf development and egg hatch during a year of peak density and the initiation of decline, egg masses were introduced to four study areas after the time of normal egg hatching. Survival of caterpillars was not significantly influenced by delays of 3–6 weeks in hatching. Populations composed primarily of introduced insects and control populations declined following the summer of the experiment. Although hatching of deployed eggs was delayed, caterpillar development during warmer temperatures later in the spring was sufficiently rapid that caterpillars from all groups reached the fifth instar by mid-June, and parasitization of caterpillars from control and experimental areas was similar. Tent caterpillar survival was apparently resilient to substantial delays in egg hatch which suggests that cyclic population declines are not likely to be associated with minor variation in the synchrony of leaf development and egg hatch.
ANISODACTYLINE LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE: HARPALINI): DESCRIPTIONS OF GENUS-GROUP TAXA OF EASTERN CANADA AND PHYLOGENETIC REMARKS
Authors: Bousquet Yves , Tchang Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarval features of the anisodactyline genus-group taxaAnisotarsusChaudoir, 1837,Amphasia s.str. Newman, 1838,XestonotusLeConte, 1853,SpongopusLeConte, 1848,Anisodactylus s.str. Dejean, 1829,AnadaptusCasey, 1914,GynandrotarsusLaFerté-Sénectère, 1841, andGeopinusLeConte, 1848 are described. Keys to first instars and to second and third instars are included. Possible relationships between the genus-group taxa studied are discussed. Based on larval character states,Geopinus, considered as a distinct genus, could be more appropriately treated as a subgenus ofAnisodactylus. The taxonSpongopus, included by recent authors as a subgenus ofAnisodactylus, does not share two synapotypic character states of the genusAnisodactylusand could be more appropriately treated as a distinct genus.
EVALUATION OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS AND PHEROMONE LURE CONCENTRATIONS FOR MONITORING BLUEBERRY LEAFTIER (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS
Authors: Polavarapu Sridhar , Seabrook William D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSix pheromone trap designs, including five high-capacily and a sticky trap, and four PVC lure concentrations of pheromone were evaluated for monitoring blueberry leaftier populations in six blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Larval densities and subsequent male moth catches in the same year for all the trap designs evaluated, except double funnel traps, were highly correlated. Multipher III traps captured the highest number of moths, followed by Unitraps and double funnel traps. The ice cream container trap captured significantly fewer moths than any other trap design. At most locations, the first moth was caught on the same day in all the trap designs except the ice cream container trap. Trap catches increased with increasing pheromone concentration up to 0.03% dose. Traps baited with 0.3% lures captured significantly fewer moths than those with 0.003% or 0.03%. Based on mean trap catches, R2 values, coefficients of variation among traps, trap efficiency, and lure evaluations, the Unitraps baited with 0.003% lures are selected for further development of a population monitoring system for blueberry leaftier moths. The Multipher III traps baited with 0.03% lures captured up to 44 000 male moths (mean per trap per season) at high densities, demonstrating their potential in mass trapping blueberry leaftiers.
INTRA-NEST TRANSMISSION OF AROMATIC HONEY BEE QUEEN MANDIBULAR GLAND PHEROMONE COMPONENTS: MOVEMENT AS A UNIT
Authors: Naumann Ken , Winston Mark L. , Slessor Keith N. , Prestwich Glenn D. , Latli Bachir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe intra-nest transmission of two aromatic components of honey bee queen mandibular gland pheromone, 4-hydroxy-3-hydroxyphenylethanol (HVA) and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (HOB), is quantitatively described. After being secreted onto the body surface of the queen, the greatest quantities of HVA and HOB are removed by workers in the queen’s retinue, especially those contacting the queen with their mouthparts. Other workers acquire pheromone components via direct contact with retinue bees or with other workers that have already acquired queen pheromone. HVA and HOB can also reach workers through queen or worker "footprints," although the relatively little material deposited onto the comb wax becomes less available with time, presumably because of diffusion into the wax. Pheromone material is removed from circulation by being internalized into workers, the queen, and the wax. Rates of HVA and HOB transfer between different entities within the nest are described in terms of pseudo first-order rate constants. The intra-nest transfer of these two components, both qualitatively and quantitatively, is similar to that described earlier for the most abundant queen mandibular gland pheromone component, 9-keto-2-(E)-decenoic acid (9-ODA; Naumann et al. 1991). Thus, the queen mandibular gland pheromone complex is transferred through the nest as a unit rather than as individual components moving at different rates.
DISTRIBUTION OF FEEDING DAMAGE BY PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON OILSEED RAPE AND MUSTARD SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO CROP RESISTANCE
Authors: Brandt R.N. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe distribution of feeding damage by adult Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) was examined on the cotyledons, first true leaves, stems, and petioles of four crop species of Brassicaceae (Brassica juncea L. "Cutlass", B. napus L. "Westar", B. rapa L. "Tobin", and Sinapis alba L. "Ochre"). Previous studies showed that B. napus and B. rapa are susceptible, B. juncea is partially resistant, and S. alba is highly resistant to P. cruciferae. Flea beetles usually fed more on the upper surfaces, bases, and edges of cotyledons and first true leaves, but the feeding patterns were not identical on the four species. Phyllotreta cruciferae had a greater preference for the upper surface of S. alba cotyledons than for the upper surfaces of Brassica species. First true leaves of B. napus had over 90% of the feeding damage along the edge, compared with < 70% for the other species. The size of feeding pits did not differ on the upper and lower surfaces of the cotyledons and first true leaves for the Brassica species, but S. alba had smaller feeding pits on the lower surface. Sinapis alba also had the smallest feeding pits on the upper surface of its cotyledons, and S. alba and B. juncea first true leaves had feeding pits about one-half the size of the feeding pits on the other species. There was no significant difference in the amount of stem damage for the four species, but B. juncea had significantly less petiole damage than S. alba. Although there were differences in the way P. cruciferae exploited the seedling tissues of these Brassicaceae, the differences were not consistent with, or were too small to account for, the different levels of resistance of the four crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF LYGUS SPP. (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON ALFALFA AND CANOLA IN MANITOBAf
Authors: Timlick B.H. , Turnock W.J. , Wise I. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLygus species were sampled from alfalfa and canola fields in Manitoba from 1988 to 1990. Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. borealis (Knight), and L. elisus (Van Duzee) were found consistently throughout the agricultural area. The relative abundance of these species varied among crops, physiographic regions, years, and date of collection. The most abundant species in alfalfa and canola fields tended to be L. borealis in the north and west, L. elisus in the south, and L. lineolaris in the east. Each of the species was the most abundant in some collections, however L. borealis tended to be more abundant in alfalfa and L. lineolaris and L. elisus in canola. First-generation nymphs of Lygus species were found on alfalfa and those of the second generation on canola.
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND COLD HARDINESS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(CLEM.), DURING PRE-DIAPAUSE AND DIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Han Er-Ning , Bauce Eric 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSupercooling point, biochemical metabolites, and water content of the larvae ofChoristoneura fumiferana(Clem.) were measured during pre-diapause and diapause development under laboratory conditions. Supercooling point dropped significantly, from a mean value of −22.9 °C to −31.7 °C during the 3-week pre-diapause development. Supercooling point continued to decline down to −34.5 °C after the beginning of diapause. Water content also dropped significantly during pre-diapause development and was maintained at a low level during diapause. Significant amounts of glycerol were detected only when the larvae were 5 weeks into diapause and the glycerol level continued to increase until week 20 when it was almost 10 times its original level. Glycogen was nearly depleted after diapause, but lipid remained at a relatively high level. Little change in glucose and trehalose content was found during diapause in spite of their initial rise before diapause. Larvae could survive low temperatures close to their supercooling point without freezing but none survived freezing, suggesting that this species is freeze-intolerant. First-instar larvae were found to excrete green material out of their body within 5 days after emergence. Removal of this material from the insect body coincided with a significant drop in supercooling point, indicating that a potential nucleating factor might be involved in the green material. The implications of these results for the overwintering strategy ofC.fumiferanaare discussed.
SPECIFICITY TESTING OF THE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Barber K.N. , Kaupp W.J. , Holmes S.B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn aqueous suspension of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Lymantria dispar (L.), LdNPV, was fed to third-instar caterpillars of L. dispar and 46 species of nontarget Lepidoptera in four successive. 24- to 48-h doses of 3 × 104 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) in 2 μL applied to small pellets of artificial diet or isolated surfaces of foliage. Adults of the fly Cyrtophleba coquilletti Aldr., and adult males of the bee Megachile rotundata (Fabr.), were assayed with a single dose of 1.2 × 105 PIBs in 2 μL of 30% sucrose solution. Only those specimens that completely consumed the dose(s) were transferred to appropriate maintenance conditions for 7–10 days whereupon they were frozen. Samples of macerates of experimental specimens were dot-blotted onto nylon membranes on which whole genomic LdNPV DNA-probing and chemiluminescence techniques were used lo show presence of LdNPV DNA. With reference to positive and negative controls, the 48 nontarget species were diagnosed as nonpermissive of LdNPV but the target species was clearly infected. This study demonstrates a high degree of host-specificity of LdNPV.
NON-TARGET LEPIDOPTERA CAPTURED IN TRAPS BAITED WITH SPRUCE BUDWORM PHEROMONE IN ONTARIO
Authors: Sanders C.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTraps baited with a 95:5 blend of E:Z-11-tetradecenal, the sex pheromone of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were deployed throughout several summers in Ontario to determine what other Lepidoptera were captured that might be confused with the male C. fumiferana. Eight other species of Tortricidae were captured with sufficient frequency to suggest that they were attracted to the traps: Choristoneura conflictana Wlk. (the large aspen tortrix), six species of Acleris, and one Gretchena species. Of these, C. conflictana can easily be confused with C. fumiferana. The evidence suggests that male C. conflictana were not attracted by the pheromone, but blundered into the traps. They are very similar morphologically to male C. fumiferana, but can be differentiated with care.
MESOAMERICANONTHOPHAGUSLATREILLE IN THE DICRANIUS AND MIRABILIS SPECIES GROUPS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Howden H.F. , Gill B.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe taxonomy and phylogeny of two related species groups of Mexican and Central AmericanOnthophagusare considered. The dicranius group is composed of four species, including two new species,O.asperodorsatusandO.petenensis. The mirabilis group contains three species, one of these new,O.solisi. A fourth new species,O.quetzalis, shares characters with both species groups. All species in these groups are described and illustrated. A suggested phylogeny is presented. Our analysis indicates that these groups, includingO.quetzalis, may be more closely related to Indo-Malaysian species than to other New World groups ofOnthophagus.
REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF FRONTINIELLA TOWNSEND (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: O’Hara James E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe genus Frontiniella Townsend is transferred from the Eryciini to the Goniini, based on the production of microtype eggs in adult females. Frontiniella is known only from the Nearctic Region and the northern extreme of the Neotropical Region. Eufrontina Brooks is newly synonymized with Frontiniella and all species formerly placed in that genus are transferred to Frontiniella. Frontiniella is hypothesized to be monophyletic based on two derived character states: long hairs on the male surstylus, and elongate posterior spiracles on the puparium. Two species groups are recognized, one with six species and the other with four: the parancilla-group with F. parancilla Townsend, F. incarcerata sp.nov. (type-locality Hwy. 366, Graham Co., Arizona, USA), F. spectabilis (Aldrich) (new combination), F. surstylata sp.nov. (type-locality near Olustee, Florida, USA), F. jorgenseni sp.nov. (type-locality 20 miles northwest of Kenna, New Mexico, USA), and F. ethniae (Brooks) (new combination); and the festinans-group with F. festinans (Aldrich and Webber), F. apache sp.nov. (type-locality Sulphur Draw, Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, USA), F. mitis (Curran), and F. regilla (Reinhard). This revision includes a key to the 10 known species of Frontiniella, a description of each species (including puparium where known), maps of species distributions, an annotated list of hosts (including corrections to previously published records and additions from material examined), and illustrations of taxonomically useful features.
INVITATION PAPER (C.P. ALEXANDER FUND): FORAGING OF INDIVIDUAL WORKERS IN RELATION TO COLONY STATE IN THE SOCIAL HYMENOPTERA
Authors: Schmid-Hempel Paul , Winston Mark L. , Ydenberg Ron C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWorkers of social insects are members of colonies that survive and reproduce together. Therefore, the behavioral activities of individual workers should be integrated with colony state. We here summarize and discuss the relationship between colony state and foraging behavior of individual workers under the provisional assumption that the colony is a unit. We argue that colony state can be described by a number of variables that should relate to fitness components in order to be meaningful. Among the possible candidates, colony population size seems to have an overriding importance in many respects, as shown by its relation to fitness components such as survival probability and reproductive performance. Other important variables include colony demography, i.e. caste or size distributions, nutritional status, or queen number. Each of these variables has been shown to affect fitness components; however, the evidence is rather scanty. We also discuss the evidence that variation in colony state variables relates to variation in individual worker behavior. Nutritional status (i.e. low or high levels of food stores) and colony size have been shown repeatedly to affect individual behavior. However, most of the evidence comes from the honey bee. Some studies suggest that behavioral responses are hierarchically structured. More work needs to be done to investigate the actual mechanisms of integration of individual behavior with colony state. Some knowledge has accumulated about the processes that govern recruitment to food sources. We conclude this review by discussing some concepts and problems for further research. These include the concept of a preferred colony state to which the colony should return after disturbance through the behavioral activities of the workers. Further theoretical elaboration and empirical investigations may help to elucidate whether this concept is useful and necessary. A largely neglected issue concerns the number versus effort problem, i.e. whether individuals should work harder or more workers should be allocated to a task that is in demand. We propose a simple scenario that suggests testable predictions. Finally, we discuss how colony state, individual work load, and the dependence of worker mortality rate on activity level may interact to generate different short-term foraging strategies that workers should adopt.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA (F.) IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Fields P.G. , Loon J. Van , Dolinski M.G. , Harris J.L. , Burkholder W.E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRhyzopertha dominica (F.) (lesser grain borer, Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a major pest of stored grain in the United States, Australia, and most other warm regions of the world. It has rarely been detected in Canadian grain, until recently. To determine the distribution of/R. dominica in western Canada, Lindgren multiple-funnel traps baited with R. dominica aggregation pheromones were placed near grain elevators, feed mills, and farms. Rhyzopertha dominica was found flying outside grain-handling facilities in all Prairie Provinces in 1990 and 1991, with thousands collected in Manitoba, hundreds in Alberta, and less than 100 in Saskatchewan. A few R. dominica were caught in Vancouver and Thunder Bay. None were caught in the traps placed beside two grain elevators in southern Ontario. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, the locations with R. dominica were mainly in the south. In Manitoba, the total number of R. dominica caught at each location was higher in the south than in the north. Rhyzopertha dominica were caught as early as 15 May and as late as 18 September, with the peak numbers for a given location occurring between July and September. No difference in the total number of R. dominica caught per year was found among farms, feed mills, or grain elevators in 1990 or 1991. Sampling of stored grain on three farms showed that two of the eight bins sampled had R. dominica. The possible origins of the R. dominica (importation of infested grain, wind-borne migration from the United States, or an established Canadian population) are discussed.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENUSTRICHOGRAMMAWESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) IN EUROPE
Authors: Pintureau Bernard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTen European species ofTrichogrammawere morphometrically analysed by means of 19 male characters. Multivariate analyses permitted the estimation of interspecific divergences. These studies confirmed that the most discriminant characters are borne by antennae and genitalia; they distinguished all the analysed species exceptT.brassicaeBezdenko andT.voegeleiPintureau. Theminutumandpretiosumgroups on one hand, and thepintoiandperkinsigroups on the other, are morphologically very close. Thedendrolimigroup is more distantly related to theminutumandpretiosumgroups than to theevanescensgroup.
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICANOPEROPHTERA(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Troubridge James T. , Fitzpatrick Sheila M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe North American members of the genusOperophteraHübner (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) are revised to include three species:O.brumata(L.),O.bruceata(Hulst), andO.danbyi(Hulst).Operophtera occidentalis(Hulst) is now treated as a subspecies ofO.bruceata. All species are illustrated and characters to distinguish the species are given. The most useful characters for separatingO.brumatafromO.bruceatainclude the following: (1) hindwing dorsal surface with discal dot, which is almost always visible onO.bruceatabut absent fromO.brumata; (2) forewing colour, which is grey-brown or light brown inO.bruceatabut reddish-brown inO.brumata; (3) abdomen colour, which is golden-brown to brown in westernO.bruceatabut brown inO.brumata; and (4) the costa of the forewing ventral surface, which is usually golden-brown inO.bruceatabut brown inO.brumata. The structure of the genitalia of these two species allows hybridization betweenO.bruceatamales andO.brumatafemales, but not vice versa.Hypothesized species interrelationships between palaearctic and nearcticOperophteraare illustrated in a cladogram. Maps for the distribution of each species are also included.
PULLIMOSINA (DAHLIMOSINA) BLADESI, A NEW SPHAEROCERID (DIPTERA, SPHAEROCERIDAE, LIMOSININAE) FROM CANADIAN PEATLANDS
Authors: Marshall S.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPullimosina (Dahlimosina) bladesi sp.nov., an atypical, superficially Pullimosina (Pullimosina)-like species, is described from fens in Ontario and Alberta. Subgeneric classification of the genus Pullimosina is discussed, concluding that the subgenera of Pullimosina can be defined only on characters of the male and female terminalia.