bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyomavirus nephropathy – recent pathological diagnostic problems and the report from the 2011 Banff meeting
Authors: Nishi Shinichi 
Published: June 2012

Nishi S. Polyomavirus nephropathy – recent pathological diagnostic problems and the report from the 2011 Banff meeting.Abstract:  Polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN) is a cause of renal allograft dysfunction. Early detection of pathological abnormalities is not easy even in cases with urine decoy cells or polyomavirus viremia. A pathological classification for PVN was proposed by the Banff PVN working group, although the availability of the proposed schema has not been extensively evaluated in the clinical field. At the Banff meeting in 2011, the PVN working group reported the results of the evaluation on interobserver reproducibility and a clinicopathological study of PVN stages and renal outcome. Fair or good reproducibility was noted, although the PVN classification required further modification.
Remote Midwifery in Nunavik, Québec, Canada: Outcomes of Perinatal Care for the Inuulitsivik Health Centre, 2000–2007
Authors: Van Wagner Vicki , Osepchook Claire , Harney Evelyn , Crosbie Colleen , Tulugak Mina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Inuulitsivik midwifery service is a community‐based, Inuit‐led initiative serving the Hudson coast of the Nunavik region of northern Québec. This study of outcomes for the Inuulitsivik birth centers, aims to improve understanding of maternity services in remote communities.MethodsWe used a retrospective review of perinatal outcome data collected at each birth at the Inuulitsivik birth centers to examine outcomes for 1,372 labors and 1,382 babies from 2000 to 2007. Data were incomplete for some indicators, particularly for transfers to Montreal.ResultsFindings revealed low rates of intervention with safe outcomes in this young, largely multiparous “all risk” Inuit population. Ninety‐seven percent of births were documented as spontaneous vaginal deliveries, and 85 percent of births were attended by midwives. Eighty‐six percent of the labors occurred in Nunavik, whereas 13.7 percent occurred outside Nunavik. The preterm birth rate was found to be 10.6 percent. Postpartum hemorrhage was documented in 15.4 percent of women; of these cases, 6.9 percent had blood loss greater than 1,000 mL. Four fetal deaths (2.9 per 1,000) and five neonatal deaths (< 3.6 per 1,000) were documented. Nine percent (9%) of births involved urgent transfers of mother or baby. The most common reasons for medical evacuation were preterm labor and preeclampsia, and preterm birth was the most common reason for urgent neonatal transfer.ConclusionsThe success of the Innulitsivik midwifery service rests on the knowledge and skills of the Inuit midwives, and support of an interprofessional health team. Our study points to the potential for safe, culturally competent local care in remote communities without cesarean section capacity. Our findings support recommendations for integration of midwifery services and Aboriginal midwifery education programs in remote communities. (BIRTH 39:3 September 2012)
Age as Risk Factor for Helicobacter pylori Recurrence in Children in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Viet Ha , Bengtsson Carina , Nguyen Gia Khanh , Yin Li , Hoang Thi Thu Ha , Phung Dac Cam , Sörberg Mikael , Granström Marta 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe determinants for acquisition of
Helicobacter pylori infection remain incompletely understood. The study aim was to investigate risk factors for recurrence in children in Vietnam during 1 year immediately following successful
H. pylori eradication.Materials and methodsIn a prospective longitudinal study, 136 children, 3–15 years of age, were seen every 3 months for a total of four visits.
Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined by an antigen‐in‐stool test (Premier Platinum HpSA PLUS) on samples obtained at each visit. A questionnaire was filled out at the start of the study.ResultsAfter 1 year, 30 children had become
H. pylori positive, while 17 were lost to follow‐up. Low age was the most prominent independent risk factor for recurrence: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) among children aged 3–4, 5–6, and 7–8 years, relative to those aged 9–15 years, were, respectively, 14.3 [95% CI 3.8–53.7], 5.4 [1.8–16.3] and 2.6 [0.7–10.4]. Surprisingly, female sex tended to be associated with increased risk (adjusted HR among girls relative to boys 2.5 [95% CI 1.1–5.9]). No other factors such as sibship size, birth order, bed sharing, sanitary standards, or factual antibiotic dose per kilo bodyweight in the eradication trial were found to be significant risk factors for re‐infection.ConclusionsThe main risk factor for recurrence with
H. pylori was found to be age, with the youngest children running the greatest risk. The finding lends support to the observation that early childhood may be the main age of acquisition of
H. pylori infection and for postponing attempts of eradication in high‐prevalence areas unless motivated for medical reasons.
Skin Temperature during Cutaneous Wound Healing in an Equine Model of Cutaneous Fibroproliferative Disorder: Kinetics and Anatomic‐Site Differences
Authors: Celeste Christophe J. , Deschesne Karine , Riley Christopher B. , Theoret Christine L. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo map skin temperature kinetics, and by extension skin blood flow throughout normal or abnormal repair of full‐thickness cutaneous wounds created on the horse body and limb, using infrared thermography.Study DesignExperimental.AnimalsStandardbreds (n = 6), aged 3–4 years.MethodsThree cutaneous wounds were created on the dorsolateral surface of each metacarpus and on the lateral thoracic wall. Thoracic skin wounds and those on 1 randomly chosen forelimb healed by second intention without a bandage, whereas contralateral limb wounds were bandaged to induce formation of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT). Thermal data were collected from all planned wound sites before the surgical procedure (baseline), and at 24, 48, 96 hours, 1, 2, and 4 weeks after wounding. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and a priori contrasts submitted to Bonferroni sequential correction. Level of significance was P < .05.ResultsCutaneous wound temperature (CWT) increased temporally from preoperative period to week 1 postwounding, independently of anatomic location (P < .0001). CWT of limb wounds was significantly less than that of body wounds throughout healing (P < .01). CWT of limb wounds managed with bandages and developing EGT was significantly less than that of unbandaged limb wounds, which did not develop EGT (P ≤ .01).ConclusionsCWT varied with anatomic location and throughout healing. CWT of wounds developing EGT was significantly less than that of wounds without EGT.
CathAway fistula vascular access program achieves improved outcomes and sets a new standard of treatment for end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Wilson Steven M. , Mayne Tracy J. , Krishnan Mahesh , Holland Janet , Volz Abbe , Good Lori S. , Nissenson Allen R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHemodialysis patients using central venous catheters (CVCs) for vascular access are at greater risk of infection and death vs. arterial venous fistula (AVF). In 2008, DaVita initiated the CathAway quality improvement initiative, a multidisciplinary program to reduce CVC use in favor of AVF. Our retrospective analysis examined CVC use for incident (≤90 days) and prevalent (>90 days) patients receiving hemodialysis in the years 2006 to 2010. Outcomes included annual mean percentage of patients with CVCs, new CVC placements per 100 patient years, CVC survival, and percentage patient days with CVC. Over 152,000 patient records were reviewed. Between 76.2% and 79.7% of incident patients used a CVC annually, but for prevalent patients, the proportion decreased from 41.1% in 2006 to 33.5% in 2010. The number of new CVC placements per 100 patient years increased slightly for incident patients but fell annually from 64.8 in 2006 to 55.2 in 2010 for prevalent patients. The percentage of treatment days with CVCs was stable among incident patients (70.4%–74.3%) but fell among prevalent patients from 26.1% in 2006 to 16.5% in 2010. The mean duration of CVC use in incident patients was between 53.0 days (SD, 27.8) in 2006 and 54.1 days (SD, 28.1) in 2009, and for prevalent patients between 158.9 days (SD, 123.0) in 2006 and 128.1 days (SD, 112.0) in 2010. CathAway significantly decreased CVC use in prevalent hemodialysis patients. Decreasing incident patient use will require improvements in predialysis care.
Hot‐Pressing Method to Consolidate Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce Garnet Scintillator Powder for use in an X‐ray CT Detector
Authors: Kanai Tsuneyuki , Satoh Makoto , Miura Ichiro 
Published: June 2012

We have developed a hot‐pressing method for consolidating garnet scintillator powder of composition Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that gallium oxide, which was a constituent of the garnet scintillator powder, would react with the graphite mold beginning at 950°C and would be reduced to gallium metal. To prevent this reaction during hot‐pressing, a reaction barrier material was placed between the graphite mold and the scintillator powder. As for the reaction barrier material, 3GdAlO3–Al2O3 powder calcined at 1100°C was found to be suitable because the material provided two important characteristics: the same thermal expansion coefficient as the scintillator material and good sinterability. The Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce garnet scintillator powder was hot pressed at 1475°C for 4 h in vacuum, followed by annealing at 1300°C for 4 h in oxygen atmosphere. The thus obtained garnet scintillator successfully satisfied the necessary requirements for use in an X‐ray computed tomography detector.
Role of nicotine in gallbladder carcinoma: A preliminary report
Authors: Basu Somprakas , Priya Rupesh , Singh Tej Bali , Srivastava Pradeep , Mishra Pradeep K. , Shukla Vijay K. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveTo assess the role of nicotine in gallbladder carcinoma and its association with the stage and degree of cancer differentiation.MethodsTissue samples from gallbladder were obtained from 20 patients with gallbladder cancer and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched patients with cholelithiasis who served as the control group. Gallbladder tissue (2 g) was extracted and analyzed for nicotine content using capillary gas chromatography. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas. Standard curves of nicotine in methanol were made by injecting the internal standards.ResultsA significantly higher tissue nicotine concentration was observed in the gallbladder carcinoma group than that in the control group (179.63 ng/mgvs6.00 ng/mg,P < 0.001). The stage and degree of cancer differentiation did not seem to affect the nicotine levels. Gallbladder tissue contained a significantly higher nicotine concentration in smokers with cancer compared with those in the control group (1570.00 ng/mgvs232.25 ng/mg,P < 0.001). Interestingly, non‐smokers in cancer group also had a higher nicotine concentration than the control group (161.50 ng/mgvs4.00 ng/mg,P = 0.002).ConclusionNicotine is selectively concentrated in malignant gallbladder tissue irrespective of smoking status, showing its strong association with gallbladder cancer.
Over‐Expression of Cofilin‐1 and Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 in Astrocytomas Involved in Pathogenesis of Radioresistance
Authors: Yan Hua , Yang Kun , Xiao Hong , Zou Yuan‐Jie , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Liu Hong‐Yi 
Published: June 2012

SummaryIntroductionAstrocytoma is among the most common intracranial tumors and radiotherapy is typically used after its resection. One of the outstanding problems encountered in the treatment is radioresistance. The lack of efficient biomarkers for evaluating the radiosensitivity of glioma precludes advances in treatment of astrocytoma and remains the most fatal cancer.MethodsTo identify potential biomarkers for assessing the radioresistance of astrocytomas, the following study investigated the proteome of astrocytoma in surgical samples from 15 typical patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: radioresistant vs. radiosensitive (controls). Proteome was assessed using two‐dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D‐LC–MS/MS). Western blot was adopted to confirm the differential expression of proteins.ResultsA total of 36 proteins were expressed differently between the 2 groups, represented by cofilin‐1 and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), which up‐regulated significantly in radioresistant astrocytomas though there was no obvious morphological change of tumors. Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of protein extracts in radioresistant astrocytomas compared with the radiosensitive group.ConclusionsThe results indicated cofilin‐1 enhances the motility of tumor cells which is important invasive potential of malignancy. PGK1 is metabolic enzyme and seems to be correlated with the negative prognosis following radiotherapy. Thus, cofilin‐1 and PGK1 might be involved in the radioresistant phenotype and are potential biomarkers for developing better therapeutic methods.
Multifocal cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma in a young dog and review of histiocytic cell immunophenotyping
Authors: Mastrorilli Cinzia , Spangler Elizabeth A. , Christopherson Peter W. , Aubry Oceane A. , Newton Joseph C. , Smith Annette N. , Kennis Robert A. , Weismann Jaime L. , Moore Peter F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA 9‐month‐old male Great Dane had progressive generalized nodular dermatopathy for several months. There were > 100 raised, alopecic, firm, painful nodules throughout the skin. Aspirates from several lesions yielded moderate numbers of irregularly round or polygonal to spindle‐shaped cells with mild to moderate anisocytosis and few inflammatory cells, and the cytologic interpretation was proliferation of mesenchymal or histiocytic cells. On histopathologic examination, nodules were composed of densely packed sheets of round to spindle‐shaped cells with mild anisokaryosis and low mitotic activity. Multifocal histiocytic sarcoma with a spindle‐cell pattern was diagnosed based on morphologic features and intense expression of CD18. Additional immunophenotypic analysis on frozen sections of tissue confirmed the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma; expression of CD18, CD45, CD1a, CD11b, and CD11c, limited expression of Thy‐1 (CD90) and CD80, and lack of expression of CD4, CD11d, and CD86 indicated that the cells were likely interstitial dendritic cells; a review of reactive and neoplastic dendritic cells is provided. Based on staging, internal organs were not affected. Sequential treatment with lomustine and doxorubicin failed to prevent progression of the cutaneous lesions, and the dog died 3 months after initial diagnosis. At necropsy, a focus of neoplastic cells was present in one lymph node, but except for skin other organs were not involved. The clinical presentation of histiocytic sarcoma may be unusual, and neoplastic cells may lack overt features of malignancy on cytologic and histopathologic examination. In some instances, immunophenotyping is required to differentiate histiocytic sarcoma from other histiocytic disorders.
SU‐A‐BRB‐01: Medical Physics and Technology Education for Society: Adults, Teenagers, and Elementary Students
Authors: Sprawls P , Fox M 
Published: June 2012

Providing medical physics education to the general society has two valuable goals. For adults it helps them develop an understanding of medical science, technology, and clinical applications that they might encounter and have a better comprehension of a variety of scientific and technical issues in the news media. For students it enhances their interest in physics by showing applications that provide major benefits to society and introduces possible career paths. In the first part Perry Sprawls describes educational activities for adults. A course generally begins with the principles of the various imaging modalities with an emphasis on what can be visualized with each and typical clinical applications. The principles of modern radiation therapy are included with special attention to terminology associated with the various methods. There is always an interest in the effects of radiation so that is included with emphasis of benefits to risk. I always include one class on cardiac electronics, a special interest of mine, and plan to add a session on the physics and technology associated with hearing in future programs.Google Images is an excellent resource that can provide extensive visuals for courses of this type. Community senior‐adult lifelong learning courses and programs sponsored by Road Scholar, formerly ElderHostel, provide opportunities for medical physicists to share their knowledge and experience with citizens in their local communities. The second half of this symposium, given by Mary Fox, will focus on the elementary & high school age group. How do you educate young students about the career of medical physics? A sample presentation along with ideas for speaking to both these age levels will be demonstrated.Learning Objectives:1. Provide adults with the knowledge to understand various medical procedures and effectively communicate with medical professionals.2. Enhance the ability of adults to understand a variety of scientific and technological issues that are in the news3. Provide the medical physicists with examples of presentation material for elementary and high school age groups.
WE‐A‐217BCD‐01: Medical Physics Ethics in Action
Authors: Fahrig R , Frey G , Halvorsen P , Hendee W , Ozturk N , Prisciandaro J , Serago C , Starkschall G 
Published: June 2012

In 2009, the AAPM formally adapted a Code of Ethics for its‘ members based on the recommendations of Task Group 109. The intention of the code is to provide a set of ethical principles to members and affiliates to help guide them to behave in an ethically professional manner with respect to patients, colleagues and the general public. Although the principles are not law, it is expected that as professionals, we would honor and respect them. However, even the best intentioned may find themselves at one time or another in a moral gray zone, and feel that these principles or their application to a specific scenario may be open for interpretation.During this two hour panel session, medical physics experts in the area of education, ethics, professionalism, and research will discuss ethical scenarios and their interpretation of the TG 109 report with respect to these scenarios. The panel will be moderated by the chair of the Ethics Committee, Chris Serago. Several of the scenarios will be based on anonymized responses from the survey on Ethics and Professionalism in Medical Physics circulated by the AAPM to its members in February 2012.Learning Objectives:1. Discuss the meaning of ethics and professionalism.2. Review AAPM Code of Ethics.3. Discuss ethical scenarios and interpretations of AAPM Code of Ethics with respect to these scenarios.
WE‐C‐213AB‐02: Preparing for the ABR Initial Certification Board Exam
Authors: Chinsky B 
Published: June 2012

Starting the process of ABR board certification in medical physics can be complex and overwhelming. The first step is the Initial Certification computer‐based exam, commonly known as Part I. It is important to understand the eligibility requirements and application process, as well as the exam format and topics, to prepare for and pass the exam. The first portion of this talk will discuss current and future exam eligibility requirements and the exam set‐up. The second portion will discuss the exam experience, the wide range of topics potentially covered on the exam, helpful texts, and mock Part I type questions. This talk is not designed to be a comprehensive review of Part I study material. Instead, this presentation will focus on introducing candidates to the exam process, eligibility, study methods and topics.Learning Objectives:1. Understand the prerequisites and application process for the ABR Medical Physics Initial Qualification Examination.2. Understand the examination format and day‐of testing experience.3. Learn about potential topics and helpful study materials for the Part 1 examination.
TH‐B‐217A‐01: Calculations for the Release of Radioactive Patients From Radiation Safety Restrictions
Authors: Wendt R 
Published: June 2012

Radioactive patients may safely be released from radiation safety restrictions when the most exposed person is unlikely to receive more than 5 mSv (500 mrem) according to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NUREG 1556 Volume 9 Appendix U Revision 2 presents regulatory guidance that may be used to assure compliance with this limit. Although this risk‐based approach is a big step forward from the prior activity‐based release criteria, the methods in the regulatory guidance are arguably still quite conservative. Work such as that by the Radiation Dose Assessment Resource (RADAR) members shows that more realistic calculations may be used to release patients under the regulatory limit with less stringent restrictions.Learning Objectives:1. Perform the calculations in the regulatory guidance2. Characterize the conservatism in those calculations3. Perform more realistic calculations
Amyloid heart disease: a brief review of treatment options
Authors: Dubrey Simon W 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Heart involvement by amyloid deposition remains the most challenging of all organ sytems that may become involved, in what is generally a systemic disease. The correct diagnosis of amyloid type is critical to selection of the appropriate and wide range of therapies. The treatment of amyloid heart disease comprises two strategies: conventional management of a restrictive cardiomyopathy, and varied therapies aimed at the underlying amyloidogenic process. In light chain (AL) amyloidosis, many of the most efficacious therapies involve chemotherapeutic agents with their own inherent toxicities to the heart and bone marrow. In the case of the hereditary amyloidosis, major surgery in the form of liver transplantation is usually required. Moreover, consideration should be given to screening of family members for a potentially hereditary disease. Several types of amyloidosis may require one or more, of heart, liver and/or kidney transplantation, sometimes in addition to high-dose chemotherapy. The objective is to provide a schematic overview of available therapies in the management of AL, hereditary, senile systemic, isolated atrial and secondary forms of amyloidosis.
Ribeiroia ondatrae causes limb abnormalities in a Canadian amphibian community
Authors: Roberts C.D. , Dickinson T.E. 
Published: June 2012

A parasitic flatworm ( Ribeiroia ondatrae Price, 1931) is known to cause severe limb abnormalities and high mortality levels in American amphibian populations. The distributional pattern of this parasite—its main dispersal agent being birds—correlates with the boundaries of migratory flyways in the USA. Yet thus far, R. ondatrae have not been found in Canadian amphibians, which is surprising, considering that said flyways extend well into northern Canada. In this study, we report on a lake in British Columbia that is known to support amphibians with abnormalities similar to those induced by R. ondatrae. To determine if the parasite was present and if it was the cause of the abnormalities, we collected and necropsied metamorphs of the Columbia Spotted Frog ( Rana luteiventris Thompson, 1913) and the Pacific Chorus Frog ( Pseudacris regilla (Baird and Girard, 1852)), and we set up field enclosures to protect larvae from R. ondatrae. Abnormality levels were high in both species (>20%), with the vast majority being found in close proximity to the metacercariae of R. ondatrae. Moreover, the types of abnormalities closely matched those previously recorded in field and laboratory exposures of amphibians to R. ondatrae. Finally, larvae that developed in the same lake, but were protected from R. ondatrae by an enclosure, did not develop abnormalities. Collectively, these results demonstrate that R. ondatrae are both present in an amphibian community in Canada and responsible for causing limb abnormalities.