bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pouring Linear Gradient Gels with a Gradient Former
Authors: Simpson Richard J. 
Published: April 2010

INTRODUCTIONLinear gradient gels, which are polyacrylamide gels having a gradient of increasing acrylamide concentration (and linearly decreasing pore size), can have advantages over fixed-concentration SDS-PAGE gels. First, a much greater range of proteinMrvalues can be separated on a linear gradient gel than on a fixed-concentration gel. Second, there is a greater likelihood of resolving proteins with very similarMrvalues on gradient gels than on fixed-concentration gels. This protocol describes the pouring of linear gradient gels with a gradient former. The most common gradient gel contains 4%-20% acrylamide; however, the range of acrylamide concentrations should be chosen on the basis of the size of the proteins being separated.
SYPRO Orange Fluorescent Staining of Protein Gels
Authors: Simpson Richard J. 
Published: April 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis method for staining protein gels uses a fluorescent dye, SYPRO Orange, which is very sensitive to protein (4-10 ng protein/band). SYPRO Orange cannot be visualized with the naked eye and thus a fluorescence scanner is required for detection of protein bands (the excitation maxima [Ex] are 300/472 nm and the emission maximum [Em] is 570 nm). SYPRO Red fluorescent protein stain uses the same binding principle as SYPRO Orange; hence, this protocol can also be used for SYPRO Red stain (Ex are 300/550 nm and Em is 630 nm). This staining method is mass-spectrometer-compatible.
The Mouse Cornea as a Transplantation Site for Live Imaging of Engineered Tissue Constructs
Authors: Poché Ross A. , Saik Jennifer E. , West Jennifer L. , Dickinson Mary E. 
Published: April 2010

INTRODUCTIONThe field of tissue engineering aims to recapitulate healthy human organs and 3-D tissue structures in vitro and then transplant these constructs in vivo where they can be effectively integrated within the recipient patient and become perfused by the host circulation. To improve the design of materials for artificial tissue scaffolds, it would be ideal to have a high-throughput imaging system that allows one to directly monitor transplanted tissue constructs in live animals over an extended period of time. By combining such an assay with transgenic, cell-specific fluorescent reporters, one could monitor such parameters as tissue construct perfusion, donor cell survival, and donor-host cell interaction/integration. Here, we describe a protocol for a modified version of the classical corneal micropocket angiogenesis assay, employing it as a live imaging “window” to monitor angiogenic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel tissue constructs.
Ectopic Expression of Apple F3′H Genes Contributes to Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Arabidopsis tt7 Mutant Grown Under Nitrogen Stress
Authors: Han Yuepeng , Vimolmangkang Sornkanok , Soria-Guerra Ruth Elena , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio , Zheng Danman , Lygin Anatoli V. , Korban Schuyler S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Three genes encoding flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) in apple (Malus × domestica), designated MdF3′HI, MdF3′HIIa, and MdF3′HIIb, have been identified. MdF3′HIIa and MdF3′HIIb are almost identical in amino acid sequences, and they are allelic, whereas MdF3′HI has 91% nucleotide sequence identity in the coding region to both MdF3′HIIa and MdF3′HIIb. MdF3′HI and MdF3′HII genes are mapped onto linkage groups 14 and 6, respectively, of the apple genome. Throughout the development of apple fruit, transcriptional levels of MdF3′H genes along with other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes are higher in the red-skinned cv Red Delicious than that in the yellow-skinned cv Golden Delicious. Moreover, patterns of MdF3′H gene expression correspond to accumulation patterns of flavonoids in apple fruit. These findings suggest that MdF3′H genes are coordinately expressed with other genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple. The functionality of these apple F3′H genes has been demonstrated via their ectopic expression in both the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transparent testa7-1 (tt7) mutant and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). When grown under nitrogen-deficient conditions, transgenic Arabidopsis tt7 seedlings expressing apple F3′H regained red color pigmentation and significantly accumulated both 4′-hydrylated pelargonidin and 3′,4′-hydrylated cyanidin. When compared with wild-type plants, flowers of transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing apple F3′H genes exhibited enhanced red color pigmentation. This suggests that the F3′H enzyme may coordinately interact with other flavonoid enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
Potential Role for Purple Acid Phosphatase in the Dephosphorylation of Wall Proteins in Tobacco Cells
Authors: Kaida Rumi , Serada Satoshi , Norioka Naoko , Norioka Shigemi , Neumetzler Lutz , Pauly Markus , Sampedro Javier , Zarra Ignacio , Hayashi Takahisa , Kaneko Takako S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
It is not yet known whether dephosphorylation of proteins catalyzed by phosphatases occurs in the apoplastic space. In this study, we found that tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) purple acid phosphatase could dephosphorylate the phosphoryl residues of three apoplastic proteins, two of which were identified as α-xylosidase and β-glucosidase. The dephosphorylation and phosphorylation of recombinant α-xylosidase resulted in a decrease and an increase in its activity, respectively, when xyloglucan heptasaccharide was used as a substrate. Attempted overexpression of the tobacco purple acid phosphatase NtPAP12 in tobacco cells not only decreased the activity levels of the glycosidases but also increased levels of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and cello-oligosaccharides in the apoplast during the exponential phase. We suggest that purple acid phosphatase controls the activity of α-xylosidase and β-glucosidase, which are responsible for the degradation of xyloglucan oligosaccharides and cello-oligosaccharides in the cell walls.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of Maize Endosperm as a Tool to Study Endosperm Cell Biology
Authors: Reyes Francisca C. , Sun Beimeng , Guo Hena , Gruis Darren (Fred) , Otegui Marisa S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Developing maize (Zea mays) endosperms can be excised from the maternal tissues and undergo tissue/cell-type differentiation under in vitro conditions. We have developed a method to transform in vitro-grown endosperms using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and standard binary vectors. We show that both aleurone and starchy endosperm cells can be successfully transformed using a short cocultivation with A. tumefaciens cells. The highest transformation rates were obtained with the A. tumefaciens EHA101 strain and the pTF101.1 binary vector. The percentage of aleurone cells transformed following this method varied between 10% and 22% whereas up to the eighth layer of starchy endosperm cells underneath the aleurone layer showed transformed cells. Cultured endosperms undergo normal cell type (aleurone and starchy endosperm) differentiation and storage protein accumulation, making them suitable for cell biology and biochemical studies. In addition, transgenic cultured endosperms are able to express and accumulate epitope-tagged storage proteins that can be isolated for biochemical assays or used for immunolabeling techniques.
Role of Thylakoid ATP/ADP Carrier in Photoinhibition and Photoprotection of Photosystem II in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yin Lan , Lundin Björn , Bertrand Martine , Nurmi Markus , Solymosi Katalin , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa , Aro Eva-Mari , Schoefs Benoît , Spetea Cornelia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The chloroplast thylakoid ATP/ADP carrier (TAAC) belongs to the mitochondrial carrier superfamily and supplies the thylakoid lumen with stromal ATP in exchange for ADP. Here, we investigate the physiological consequences of TAAC depletion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that the deficiency of TAAC in two T-DNA insertion lines does not modify the chloroplast ultrastructure, the relative amounts of photosynthetic proteins, the pigment composition, and the photosynthetic activity. Under growth light conditions, the mutants initially displayed similar shoot weight, but lower when reaching full development, and were less tolerant to high light conditions in comparison with the wild type. These observations prompted us to study in more detail the effects of TAAC depletion on photoinhibition and photoprotection of the photosystem II (PSII) complex. The steady-state phosphorylation levels of PSII proteins were not affected, but the degradation of the reaction center II D1 protein was blocked, and decreased amounts of CP43-less PSII monomers were detected in the mutants. Besides this, the mutant leaves displayed a transiently higher nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence than the wild-type leaves, especially at low light. This may be attributed to the accumulation in the absence of TAAC of a higher electrochemical H+ gradient in the first minutes of illumination, which more efficiently activates photoprotective xanthophyll cycle-dependent and independent mechanisms. Based on these results, we propose that TAAC plays a critical role in the disassembly steps during PSII repair and in addition may balance the trans-thylakoid electrochemical H+ gradient storage.
Subsurface sediment remobilization as an indicator of regional‐scale defluidization within the upper Tortonian Marnoso‐arenacea formation (Apenninic foredeep, northern Italy)
Authors: Gamberi Fabiano 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThe upper  Tortonian Marnoso‐arenacea Formation displays 10–30 m‐thick sand bodies encased within up to 100 m‐thick packages of thin bedded turbidites and hemipelagites. In situ soft‐sediment deformation resulting in load casts, flames, ball‐and‐pillow and water escape structures often affected the sand body sedimentation units. It is interpreted as being due to a combination of overloading through the rapid deposition of thick massive sandstones and of uneven loading due to the topography created by erosional processes within the sand bodies. Post‐depositional deformation structures are also present. A variety of small‐scale sediment remobilization structures, such as pillars and plastically deformed consolidation laminae are associated with mound‐shaped deformed sandstones. Frequently, the deformed and intruding sand caused the erosion and break up of the overlying fine‐grained beds resulting in mudclast layers and networks of dykes and sills. Thus, the deformation assemblage resembles that associated with larger scale sandstone intrusions. Moreover, an intrusion complex occurs just below the base of one of the sand bodies. It comprises dykes that intrude along synsedimentary extensional faults formed adjacent to a slide scar. The sand intrusion occurred at a shallow burial depth suggesting a close relationship between seafloor instability, sliding and sediment injection along the faults. The suite of post‐depositionally deformed and injected sands is interpreted to result from overpressure build‐up within the sand bodies. In the study area, fluid seepage at the seafloor is marked by ‘calcari a Lucine’ chemiosynthetic carbonates. Thus, it is hypothesized here that the post‐depositional deformation of the sand bodies and injection structures was favoured by an upward flow of deep, hydrocarbon‐rich fluids caused by the ensuing tectonic compressive regime.
Mud diapirs, mud volcanoes and fluid flow in the rear of the Calabrian Arc Orogenic Wedge (southeastern Tyrrhenian sea)
Authors: Gamberi Fabiano , Rovere Marzia 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTIn the northern Calabrian margin offshore, the Paola Ridge, seaward from the 700 m deep Paola intraslope basin, tops at a depth of around 600 m. Multibeam bathymetry, seafloor reflectivity and seismic data are available. The Paola Ridge consists of circular or elongated ridges cored by a transparent seismic facies that are interpreted as mud diapirs. The diapirs have radius in the order of 5 km and elevate on average 200 m from the adjacent seafloor. The elongated shape of the diapirs is an evidence of a tectonic influence on the pathways exploited by the rising structures. The most recent seismic unit drapes the topographic relief associated with the diapirs showing that diapir rise is at present mainly quiescent. Pockmarks fields and evidence of gas charged sediments are due to degassing from the inactive diapirs. Two mud volcanoes, shown by high backscatter mud flows fed from circular high backscatter areas centred by a collapse feature, are also present on top of one of the dormant diapirs. The only diapir that is actively rising and deforming the seafloor is not associated with pockmarks. Thus, a relationship between fluid expulsion from the diapiric mass and the arrest of the diapir rise is apparent. The increased seafloor steepness due to diapir rise and the presence of gas within the sedimentary succession promotes sediment instability as shown by a thick slump deposit and numerous mass‐wasting scars. Sometimes, the diapirs rise in coincidence with extensional faults that offset the Messinian evaporites. The mud remobilization structures are located along a NW–SE trending belt characterized by active extensional faulting. Hence, genetic processes similar to many of the mud diapir and volcano provinces of the Mediterranean, consisting of pre‐Messinian source rocks mobilized along discrete belts of active tectonic deformation, is advanced as controlling the setting of the study area.
Supportive counselling by public health nurses for women with postpartum depression
Authors: Glavin Kari , Smith Lars , Sørum Ragnhild , Ellefsen Bodil 
Published: April 2010

glavin k., smith l., sørum r. & ellefsen b. (2010) Supportive counselling by public health nurses for women with postpartum depression. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1317–1327.AbstractTitle.  Supportive counselling by public health nurses for women with postpartum depression. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study examining the effect of supportive counselling by public health nurses on postpartum depression.Background.  Depression is a common condition following childbirth and may have negative consequences for the child’s development, the woman’s health and the relationship between the parents. Psychological intervention is a treatment alternative to biological treatment options and may prevent longer‐term postpartum depression.Method.  The study was designed as a pragmatic trial. The study population comprised postpartum women, residing in two Norwegian municipalities, who had delivered a live‐born child between June 2005 and December 2006. A total of 228 women were included in the study: 64 in the comparison municipality and 164 in the experimental municipality. Public health nurses (26) in the experimental municipality were trained in identifying postpartum depression and in providing supportive counselling. Pre‐tests were conducted using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 6 weeks postpartum. Post‐tests using the same Scale were performed at 3 and 6 months postpartum.Results.  The depression score decreased statistically significantly in the experimental group compared to the comparison group both at 3 and 6 months postpartum.Conclusion.  Supportive counselling based on a non‐directive counselling method provided by public health nurses is an effective treatment method for postpartum depression. Further research is required to assess the mothers’ evaluation of the treatment and appraise methods used for management of postpartum depression in primary health care.
Effect of motivational interviewing on smoking cessation in pregnant women
Authors: Karatay Gülnaz , Kublay Gülümser , Emiroğlu Oya Nuran 
Published: April 2010

karatay g., kublay g. & emiroğlu o.n. (2010) Effect of motivational interviewing on smoking cessation in pregnant women.Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1328–1337.AbstractTitle. Effect of motivational interviewing on smoking cessation in pregnant women.Aim. This paper is a report of an evaluation of the effects of a motivational interviewing smoking cessation programme on smoking rates of pregnant women.Background. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an important public health problem. Smoking cessation programmes provide women with an opportunity to learn how to protect their own health and that of their developing babies.Method. An intervention study was conducted between December 2007 and June 2008. Thirty‐eight pregnant and literate women who were smoking at least one cigarette each day and had not reached their 16th week of pregnancy applied to participate in the research at the prenatal unit of a public hospital. A total of eight home visits was made for each woman with 12‐ to 13‐day intervals between visits; five visits were for intervention, with three follow‐up visits at 1‐month intervals. The intervention content was based on the transtheoretical model. The data were collected using an evaluation form, carbon monoxide level in expired air, cotinine measurements and a Self‐efficacy Scale.Findings. A total of 39·5% of pregnant smokers gave up smoking; a further 44·7% reduced their smoking by 60% from their starting rate. The rate of passive smoking before the intervention (86·8%) decreased to 55·3%. The mean (sd) pre‐intervention self‐efficacy score was 61·36 (12·61), and it increased to 93·34 (27·04) after the intervention.Conclusion. The success of this programme shows the need for further development and application of similar programmes by nurses and midwives working in primary health care and antenatal settings.
Reconstructing nursing altruism using a biological evolutionary framework
Authors: Haigh Carol A. 
Published: April 2010

haigh c.a. (2010) Reconstructing nursing altruism using a biological evolutionary framework. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(6), 1401–1408.AbstractTitle.  Reconstructing nursing altruism using a biological evolutionary framework. Aim.  This paper presents a discussion of the role of altruism in development of the discipline of nursing and an exploration of how nursing altruism compares with current thinking in biological evolutionary theory. There is an assumption that the role of the nurse has its foundations in altruistic behaviours; however, the source of this altruism is never analysed or debated.Data sources.  A search of the biological altruism, altruism and health‐related literature encompassing the years 1975–2007 was performed using Google Scholar.Discussion.  The first element of the study is a brief overview of nursing altruism as a way of establishing the conceptual boundaries. Additionally, the major tenets of biological evolution are explored to clarify the theoretical underpinnings of the hypotheses presented. A key premise of this study is that nursing altruism is not solely a manifestation of disinterested sacrifice for the benefit of others, but is more concerned with ensuring the survival of a clearly defined social group.Implications for nursing.  A re‐evaluation of altruism as a motivating factor in nursing and as an element of the therapeutic relationship is long overdue. It is time that the nursing profession examined professional driving forces using more than traditional philosophical frameworks.Conclusion.  Nursing altruism is programmed to ensure the survival of the meme rather than to act in the best interest of patients. Certainly patients reap the benefits of this selfish altruism, but that can be argued to be a side effect rather than a result.
Effectiveness of respiratory‐sinus‐arrhythmia biofeedback on state‐anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Mikosch Peter , Hadrawa Tamara , Laubreiter Kornelia , Brandl Josef , Pilz Jürgen , Stettner Haro , Grimm Georg 
Published: April 2010

mikosch p., hadrawa t., laubreiter k., brandl j., pilz j., stettner h. & grimm g. (2010) Effectiveness of respiratory‐sinus‐arrhythmia biofeedback on state‐anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1101–1110.AbstractTitle.  Effectiveness of respiratory‐sinus‐arrhythmia biofeedback on state‐anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Aim.  This study is a report of a study conducted to evaluate the value of psychological assistance including respiratory‐sinus‐arrhythmia biofeedback training in its ability to reduce the level of anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography.Background.  Coronary angiography has been reported to cause anxiety and emotional stress.Methods.  Between March 2004 and January 2005, 212 patients undergoing routine elective coronary angiography for the evaluation of stable coronary artery disease were randomized into two groups. In the psychological support group (n = 106) a structured psychological conversation and respiratory‐sinus‐arrhythmia biofeedback training were offered prior to coronary angiography. In the control group (n = 106) standard care and information was provided without psychological support. State‐anxiety was measured (scale 20–80) 1 day prior to and after coronary angiography, along with blood pressure and heart rate.Findings.  Prior to coronary angiography, state‐anxiety was 54·8 ± 11·5 (mean ± SD) in the control group and 54·8 ± 12·6 in the psychological support group. After coronary angiography, state‐anxiety was 47·9 ± 18·5 in the control group but 28·3 ± 12·5 in the psychological support group (Wilcoxon rank sum test W = 7272, P < 0·001). Blood pressure was statistically significantly lower in the psychological support group prior to the intervention and the day after coronary angiography.Conclusion.  Psychological support including respiratory‐sinus‐arrhythmia biofeedback is an effective and simple tool that could be used by nurses to reduce state‐anxiety and emotional stress in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Psychological transition into a residential care facility: older people’s experiences
Authors: Ellis Julie M. 
Published: April 2010

ellis j.m. (2010) Psychological transition into a residential care facility: older people’s experiences. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(5), 1159–1168.AbstractTitle.  Psychological transition into a residential care facility: older people’s experiences. Aim.  The aim of this paper is to discuss the complexity of admission into a residential care facility from a psychological perspective for residents and their relatives and the resulting implications for nursing care.Background.  Admission into a residential care facility can be a stressful time for older people, as well as for their relatives. Many relatives have requested continued, meaningful involvement in care in the home, and researchers have identified reasons why it is important to implement strategies for including relatives in care.Data sources.  The background for the paper is published research from the year 2000 on relocation into nursing homes and psychological transitions.Discussion.  The concepts of transition from the theory of Personal Constructs are used to make sense of challenges faced by residents and their relatives. The psychological transition is experienced in very different ways by both residents and their relatives, and nurses can make a difference to how this major transition is experienced. However, nurses require improved communication strategies (based on the concepts of transition) that will support residents and their relatives during the admission phase.Implications for nursing.  Nurses in residential care facilities need to develop communication strategies that will have a positive impact on the psychological transition that occurs when an older person is admitted into care.Conclusion.  Improving the psychological health of older people moving into care should be an important goal for all nurses in residential care facilities. Using the theory of personal constructs as a guide, nurses can intervene to make this psychological transition a more positive experience.