bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic lymph nodes: distribution and nodal tumour burden of urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Seiler Roland , von Gunten Michael , Thalmann George N , Fleischmann Achim 
Published: April 2010

AimsTo evaluate the number of lymph nodes and the lymph node tumour burden in different anatomical pelvic regions to better asses the impact of variations in the extent of lymphadenectomy on reported LN parameters and pelvic tumour clearance.Methods162 patients with lymph-node-positive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were treated by cystectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. Various lymph node parameters were determined separately for the three pelvic regions (external iliac, obturator and internal iliac).ResultsOf 4080 evaluated lymph nodes (median 25 per patient, range 8–55) 39%, 35% and 26% (p<0.05) were found in the external iliac, obturator and internal iliac region, respectively. The distribution of the 625 lymph node metastases (median two per patient, range 1–35) was not significantly different between the regions (external iliac 33%, obturator 38%, internal iliac 29%). However, the median diameter of largest metastasis and total diameter of all metastases were smallest in the internal iliac region (external iliac 0.85 cm, 1.1 cm; obturator 0.8 cm, 1.0 cm; internal iliac 0.6 cm, 0.8 cm; p<0.03, p<0.05; for median diameter of largest metastasis and total diameter of all metastases, respectively). Metastases in only one region were found in 33% of patients (external iliac 13%, obturator 10%, internal iliac 10%); these three groups showed no significant difference in survival. No difference was detected in lymph node parameters between genders.ConclusionsLymph node counts and retrieval of metastases depends on the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy. Dissection not including the internal iliac region misses 26% of all pelvic lymph nodes, 29% of metastases, and understages a substantial number of patients as pN0 (10%).
Evolution of a beach–dune system following a catastrophic storm overwash event: Greenwich Dunes, Prince Edward Island, 1936–2005
Authors: Mathew Sojan , Davidson-Arnott Robin G.D. , Ollerhead Jeff 
Published: April 2010

Greenwich Dunes, Prince Edward Island National Park, is a sandy mainland and barrier spit beach–dune complex stretching for about 10 km along the northeast shore of Prince Edward Island, Canada. In October 1923, surge associated with an intense storm produced catastrophic overwash along the whole length of the study area. Subsequent evolution of the system was quantified from historic aerial photographs taken in 1936, 1953, 1971, 1997, and 2005. Orthophoto mosaics were generated for each photo set using PCI Geomatica OrthoEngine, a digital photogrammetric software. Linear changes in shoreline position and areal changes in geomorphic units were evaluated for each photo set. In addition, digital elevation models (DEMs) were extracted from the 1953, 1971, and 1997 aerial photos, enabling analysis of topographic and volumetric changes. The 1936 photos show complete destruction of all foredunes, with overwash and transgressive dunes extending 300 to 600 m inland. A descriptive model of the stages of evolution of the system is proposed based on the processes controlling overwash healing and dune stabilization. Detailed topographic and volumetric changes associated with the development of an extensive transgressive dunefield and subsequent stabilization as a result of reduced sand supply due to the growth of a new vegetated foredune complex and vegetation colonization are doccumented for each stage. It was nearly 40 years before a continuous foredune system was re-established and a further 30 years before the inland transgressive dunes became completely stabilized.
Detrital zircon characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous Isachsen Formation, Sverdrup Basin: source constraints from age and Hf isotope data
Authors: Røhr Torkil S. , Andersen Tom , Dypvik Henning , Embry Ashton F. 
Published: April 2010

Detrital zircons from the Lower Cretaceous Isachsen Formation of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, have been dated by the U–Pb method and analyzed for Hf isotopes by laser ablation microprobe – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LAM–ICP–MS). Five samples from four locations on Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg islands display similar ranges of U–Pb ages, with significant zircon populations at 2.8–2.6, 1.9–1.8, 1.7–1.6, and 1.2–1.0 Ga. Major hiatuses occur between 2.4 and 2.0 Ga and from 0.96 to 0.5 Ga. Low initial εHfvalues indicating recycled crust components are significant in Palaeoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga) and Neoarchaean (2.8–2.6 Ga) zircon populations. Other U–Pb age populations in the studied samples are dominated by zircon with positive εHfvalues, indicating a significant contribution from mantle-derived protoliths. The εHfvalues seen within a given U–Pb age population are generally consistent, with only minor scatter among the different samples. U–Pb and Hf data closely resemble previously published data from Lower Cretaceous rocks in northern Greenland, suggesting they have the same origin. The data are also largely consistent with the East Greenland Caledonides and the Precambrian basement of Greenland and northern Canada as predominant sources of zircon for the studied sandstones. However, based on the level of similarity between data from the Wandel Sea Basin and Sverdrup Basin sediments and on previous Nd isotope work in the Sverdrup Basin, it is likely that the sediments represent redeposited lower and middle Palaeozoic sediments.
Gap disturbance regime in an old-growthFagus–Abiesforest in the Dinaric Mountains, Bosnia-Herzegovina
Authors: Nagel Thomas A. , Svoboda Miroslav 
Published: April 2010

Due to the scarcity of old-growth forests in much of Europe, there is little quantitative information on disturbance processes that influence forest dynamics. However, this information is crucial for forest management that tries to emulate patterns and processes in natural forests. We quantified the gap disturbance regime in an old-growth forest dominated by European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir ( Abies alba Miller) in the Dinaric Mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We sampled 87 gaps in four stands using line-intercept sampling. The percentages of forest area in canopy gaps and expanded gaps ranged from 12% to 17.2% and 35.5% to 39.7%, respectively. Although many of the gaps were small (<100 m2) and formed from a single gapmaker, large canopy openings >1000 m2with numerous gapmakers made up a disproportionate amount of the total gap area. More than half the gaps had more than one gapmaker and were often in separate decay classes, indicating gaps had expanded over time during separate disturbance events. Furthermore, 51% of all gapmakers were uprooted or wind-snapped, whereas only 22% died standing. These results suggest that wind disturbance plays an important role in creating intermediate to large canopy openings through both gap formation and gap expansion processes.
Density and distribution of advance regeneration in mountain pine beetle killed lodgepole pine stands of the Montane Spruce zone of southern British Columbia
Authors: Nigh Gordon D. , Antos Joseph A. , Parish Roberta 
Published: April 2010

Insect outbreaks, such as the current mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreak in lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in British Columbia, are major disturbances in many forests. After an insect outbreak, the advance regeneration typically forms a new canopy, which may be adequate for timber objectives in some stands. Our purpose was to quantify and then model the abundance and spatial distribution of advance regeneration (trees <10.0 m tall). We sampled understory and overstory trees in 28 lodgepole pine stands in south-central British Columbia at two spatial scales: 0.1 ha plots and 25 m2 subplots. We developed models predicting advance regeneration abundance and spatial distribution. Density of advance regeneration averaged 2689 trees/ha (range 120 to 23 000 trees/ha), most of which were <1 m tall. Although advance regeneration was clumped, 75% of the subplots contained at least one individual. Models indicated negative relationships of advance regeneration abundance to overstory basal area and density. Over half the stands had enough advance regeneration to form new stands of adequate density, indicating that use of advance regeneration is a viable option in this mountain pine beetle outbreak and probably other insect disturbances.
Optimal on- and off-site forest carbon sequestration under existing timber supply constraints in northern New Brunswick
Authors: Neilson Eric T. , MacLean David A. , Meng Fan-Rui , Hennigar Chris R. , Arp Paul A. 
Published: April 2010

We describe a procedure to maximize carbon (C) sequestration and apply it to a 428 000 ha industrial forest management area in northern New Brunswick, Canada. Stand-specific C yield tables and C residency periods in harvested wood products were used as inputs to a linear programming model to maximize on- and off-site C sequestration in forest land. Five management scenarios were evaluated. A scenario that maximized on-site forest C sequestration for 80 years, respecting “business-as-usual” harvest constraints, projected an extra 3 t C·ha–1 across the forest management area compared with the business-as-usual scenario, with net C storage potential (forest C + forest C in products – emissions produced from decayed wood products) resulting in approximately 1 Mt C. A scenario to double softwood harvest led to a projected decrease in the forest C pool by approximately 5 t C·ha–1 from 2007 to 2082 and overall storage decrease of almost 2 Mt C from the base run. Other scenarios to increase or decrease harvest volumes by 10% resulted in overall C storage increases of 1.6 Mt C and almost 2.7 Mt C, respectively, above the base run. All scenarios resulted in net sinks of C after the 80 year simulation.
Contrasting downed woody debris dynamics in managed and unmanaged northern hardwood stands
Authors: Vanderwel Mark C. , Thorpe Hilary C. , Shuter Jennifer L. , Caspersen John P. , Thomas Sean C. 
Published: April 2010

The reported effects of selection silviculture on downed woody debris (DWD) vary. To investigate the processes underlying potential management impacts on DWD stocks and fluxes, we conducted a repeated census of downed wood in selection-harvested, selectively harvested, and unmanaged (old-growth) stands in central Ontario. DWD was significantly more abundant in stands harvested within the last 20 years than in stands harvested earlier, and shifted towards more advanced decay classes over the first 20 years after harvest. These results are consistent with persistence of a harvest-related DWD pulse for up to two decades in managed stands. The transition of DWD from early and middle decay classes to more advanced decay classes proceeded more slowly in managed than unmanaged stands. Species type, identity of fungal fruiting bodies, presence of a cut surface, and plot moisture class were significant predictors of variation in decay dynamics within particular decay classes; however, these factors did not account for observed differences in decay-class transitions between managed and unmanaged stands. A decay class matrix model projected DWD half-lives of 19 years for unmanaged stands and 21 years for managed stands. Over the long term, slower decay dynamics may help somewhat in maintaining relatively high DWD abundances in stands managed under selection silviculture.
The ambient Loo
Authors: Haddadi Hamed , Henderson Tristan , Crowcroft Jon 
Published: April 2010

On numerous occasions, trips to the facilities coincide with an important mobile phone call. Due to the sleek and polished nature of modern phones, attempting to promptly deal with such calls can occasionally lead to the phone sliding through the owner's hands, surrendering to the force of gravity and flying down the hole. This is a disaster, and often an expensive incident. It can also be a health and safety hazard, with the owner desperately attempting to retrieve their phone and re-using it.
This paper provides a first attempt at a cell phone recovery system using the modern functionalities of Toto Japanese toilets. In our approach, the phone is calmly recovered, sanitized and retrieved by the user. This can all happen without the call even being dropped, with possibility of secure back-up of the user data by embedded sensor and Wi-Fi network connectivity in the toilet. We envision that such an approach will increase the collaboration between Japanese, European and American mobile operators, network researchers and hardware manufacturers.
Generalizations of the Nash Equilibrium Theorem in the KKM Theory
Authors: Park Sehie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe partial KKM principle for an abstract convex space is an abstract form of the classical KKM theorem. In this paper, we derive generalized forms of the Ky Fan minimax inequality, the von Neumann-Sion minimax theorem, the von Neumann-Fan intersection theorem, the Fan-type analytic alternative, and the Nash equilibrium theorem for abstract convex spaces satisfying the partial KKM principle. These results are compared with previously known cases for "Equation missing"-convex spaces. Consequently, our results unify and generalize most of previously known particular cases of the same nature. Finally, we add some detailed historical remarks on related topics.
EBP
Authors: Berger Roni 
Published: April 2010

• Summary: This article identifies challenges to the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) as a result of the dearth of empirical knowledge relevant to issues and populations typically addressed by social workers leading to practitioners’ being trapped between the demand and desire to practice on the basis of evidence and the unavailability of the necessary knowledge. Strategies for addressing the issue are offered. • Findings: The current professional environment requires social workers to employ EBP. Contemporary literature has identified components, principles and steps of EBP as well as practitioners’ and organizational-related barriers to implementing it, including lack of resources (time, access to technology, capacity to train practitioners in new treatment modalities), organizational culture, reluctance to change, absence of leadership commitment, and, conflicting as well as inconsistent findings. Specifically, the absence of knowledge about minority population groups and relational issues is discussed as a barrier to effective EBP. • Application: Strategies to bridge the gap and make research relevant to issues and populations faced by practitioners are suggested, including practitioners’ involvement with and leading of relevant research with the support of consultants, collaboration with researchers and developing their own research skills as well as conducting knowledge needs assessment and population-specific and action research.
Discourse Analysis, Foucault and Social Work Research
Authors: Garrity Zoë 
Published: April 2010

• Summary: This article critically engages with the usage and appropriations of discourse analysis in certain critical social work texts. Through arguing for the importance of a coherent and rigorous foundation to research, one possible methodology based on Foucault’s archaeological approach to discourse is mapped out. • Findings: While welcoming the turn toward and engagement with discourse, this article argues that limitations in the analytical involvement and detailed methodological treatment with the technical aspects of Foucauldian discourse analysis compromise the value of this social work research. A possible methodology, based on Foucault’s archaeological approach to discourse, is developed to demonstrate the possibilities discourse analysis can bring to social work research. This is contrasted with various misappropriations of Foucault’s conception of discourse within a range of methodological, political and epistemological contexts that have influenced the construction of critical social work. • Application: Alongside demonstrating the specific merits of archaeological discourse analysis as a tool to enable the scrutiny and investigation of received social work values, practices and policies in terms of their social function, this article highlights the necessity of engaging with the technical aspects of complex social theory in order to maintain robust methodological foundations.
Effects of Nitrogen Doping on Photocatalytic Water-splitting Activity of Pt/KTa0.92Zr0.08O3 Perovskite Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Hagiwara Hidehisa , Kumagae Kousuke , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Effects of N doping in KTa(Zr)O3 on the photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation were investigated and it was found that Pt-loaded K0.93Ta0.92Zr0.08O2.79N0.21 photocatalyst achieved a complete splitting of water under 420 nm cut-off conditions.
A Novel Application of [Cr(en)2]2+ in the Synthesis of 1,2-Diols from Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Avila-Sorrosa Alcives , Vega-Ramírez Leticia , Rodríguez-Domínguez Rafael , Salgado-Zamora Héctor , Peralta-Cruz Javier , Reyes-Arellano Alicia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A reductive pinacol type arylaldehyde homocoupling process mediated by the [Cr(en)2]2+ complex is described. This procedure affords the meso-stereoisomer as the major product, an unexpected result considering that most organometallic methodologies preferentially yield the dl-isomer. Additionally, the method represents a novel application of the [Cr(en)2]2+.
A generalization of the Giulietti–Korchmáros maximal curve
Authors: Garcia Arnaldo , Güneri Cem , Stichtenoth Henning 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We introduce a family of algebraic curves over 𝔽
q
2n

(for an odd n) and show that they are maximal. When n = 3, our curve coincides with the 𝔽
q
6
-maximal curve that has been found by Giulietti and Korchmáros recently. Their curve (i.e., the case n = 3) is the first example of a maximal curve proven not to be covered by the Hermitian curve.
Creep-Fatigue Relationships in Electroactive Polymer Systems and Predicted Effects in an Actuator Design
Authors: Vinogradov Aleksandra M. , Ihlefeld Curtis M. , Henslee Isaac 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The paper concerns the time-dependent behavior of electroactive polymers (EAPs) and their use in advanced intelligent structures for space exploration. Innovative actuator design for low weight and low power valves required in small plants planned for use on the moon for chemical analysis is discussed. It is shown that in-depth understanding of cyclic loading effects observed through accelerated creep rates due to creep-fatigue interaction in polymers is critical in terms of proper functioning of EAP based actuator devices. In the paper, an overview of experimental results concerning the creep properties and cyclic creep response of a thin film piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride is presented. The development of a constitutive creep-fatigue interaction model to predict the durability and service life of EAPs is discussed. A novel method is proposed to predict damage accumulation and fatigue life of polymers under cyclic loading conditions in the presence of creep. The study provides a basis for ongoing research initiatives at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Kennedy Space Center in the pursuit of new technologies using EAP as active elements for lunar exploration systems.
Comparison of Inclusion Assessment Rating Standards in Terms of Results and Reliability by Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hénault E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Today, the cleanliness assessment of bearing steel is usually performed by using standard metallographic methods such as ASTM E45, DIN 50602, Norme Internationale ISO 4967, ASTM 2283, etc. These methods are based on the estimation of indexes, and they use either reference images given by charts (Plate I-r for use with ASTM E45) or the principle of the extreme values. The obtained indexes contribute to the quality assessment of a heat. As all these methods do not give the same results, they must be compared to determine the following: First, what the most appropriate method for a given case is and, second, what the reliability of each obtained result is. It is nearly impossible to answer these questions on the basis of a set of experimental measurements coming from these methods. Indeed, this approach is inevitably time-consuming and does not offer any guarantee as to the conclusions. The main reason is that no standard sample exists with known cleanliness properties. To solve this problem, we have developed a simulation approach. In this case, the different methods of cleanliness assessment are simulated on virtual samples. The inclusion populations are perfectly known in this kind of sample (number of inclusions per mm3, sizes, positions, etc.). To create them, the characteristic parameters of these populations (size distribution, elongation distribution, etc.) must be precisely obtained through experiments. To carry this out, an automatic system of measurement has been developed using a scanning electronic microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer system. The model in this simulation approach takes into account the experimental conditions (detection limit, observed area, etc.) and gives numerical results according to the typical chart taken from the standard methods. So, it is possible to compare and to evaluate the reliability of the results from the different methods or to quantify the effects of a parameter of a method on the results. Moreover, it provides the reliability of an experimental result to meet the requirement of a given customer in a more precise way.
Analytische Wavelet-Packets zur Separation unbekannter SprachsignaleAnalytic Wavelet-Packets for Separation of Unknown Speech Signals
Authors: Sandmair Andreas , Lietz Mario , Puente León Fernando 
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Separation unbekannter Signale ist im Bereich der Sprachsignalverarbeitung von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Trennung erfolgt bei Verwendung mehrerer Mikrofone durch Auswertung der resultierenden Laufzeiten zwischen den einzelnen Quellen und Sensoren. Diese Laufzeitdifferenzen führen im Frequenzbereich zu definierten Phasendifferenzen zwischen den Sensorsignalen. Durch die statistische Analyse der Phasenwerte ist eine Rekonstruktion der Signale unter bestimmten Rahmenbedingungen möglich. Zur Berechnung der spektralen Koeffizienten wird normalerweise die Kurzzeit-Fourier-Transformation (STFT) verwendet. Durch den Einsatz analytischer Wavelet-Packets (AWP) kann die Leistungsfähigkeit derartiger Separationsalgorithmen hinsichtlich Zeitdauer und Genauigkeit verbessert werden. Nach einer Beschreibung des Separationsproblems im Allgemeinen und der Unterschiede der beiden Zeit-Frequenz-Darstellungen werden die Vorteile der Wavelet-Packets gegenüber der Kurzzeit-Fourier-Transformation erläutert.
Machine-Vision zur Messung der Faserorientierung bei der textilbasierten FVK-HerstellungMachine-Vision to Measure the Fiber Orientation in Textile-based FRP Production
Authors: Schmitt Robert , Mersmann Christoph , Schönberg Alexander 
Published: April 2010

Zusammenfassung
Fertigungsintegrierte Messungen leisten einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Industrialisierung der textilbasierten Herstellung von Hightech-Bauteilen aus Faserverbundkunststoffen (FVK). Gemessene Prozessparameter ermöglichen durch das Schließen von Qualitätsregelkreisen eine Automatisierung zur wirtschaftlicheren Serienproduktion, welche die kostenintensiven manuellen Fertigungsschritte ablöst. Den Schwerpunkt des Beitrags bilden Algorithmen für eine robuste Messung des Qualitätsmerkmals “Faserorientierung” unter industriellen Bedingungen durch ein Machine-Vision-System.