bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedo-geochemical baseline content levels and soil quality reference values of trace elements in soils from the Mediterranean (Castilla La Mancha, Spain)
Authors: Ballesta Raimundo , Bueno Paz , Rubi Juan , Giménez Rosario 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo evaluate trace element soil contamination, geochemical baseline contents and reference values need to be established. Pedo-geochemical baseline levels of trace elements in 72 soil samples of 24 soil profiles from the Mediterranean, Castilla La Mancha, are assessed and soil quality reference values are calculated. Reference value contents (in mg kg−1) were: Sc 50.8; V 123.2; Cr 113.4; Co 20.8; Ni 42.6; Cu 27.0; Zn 86.5; Ga 26.7; Ge 1.3; As 16.7; Se 1.4; Br 20.1; Rb 234.7; Sr 1868.4; Y 38.3; Zr 413.1; Nb 18.7; Mo 2.0; Ag 7.8; Cd 4.4; Sn 8.7; Sb 5.7; I 25.4; Cs 14.2; Ba 1049.3; La 348.4; Ce 97.9; Nd 40.1; Sm 10.7; Yb 4.2; Hf 10.0; Ta 4.0; W 5.5; Tl 2.3; Pb 44.2; Bi 2.2; Th 21.6; U 10.3. The contents obtained for some elements are below or close to the detection limit: Co, Ge, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Tl and Bi. The element content ranges (the maximum value minus the minimum value) are: Sc 55.0, V 196.0, Cr 346.0, Co 64.4, Ni 188.7, Cu 49.5, Zn 102.3, Ga 28.7, Ge 1.5, As 26.4, Se 0.9, Br 33.0 Rb 432.7, Sr 3372.6, Y 39.8, Zr 523.2, Nb 59.7, Mo 3.9, Ag 10.1, Cd 1.8, Sn 75.2, Sb 9.9, I 68.0, Cs 17.6, Ba 1394.9, La 51.3, Ce 93.5, Nd 52.5, Sm 11.2, Yb 4.2, Hf 11.3, Ta 6.3, W 5.2, Tl 2.1, Pb 96.4, Bi 3.0, Th 24.4, U 16.4 (in mg kg−1). The spatial distribution of the elements was affected mainly by the nature of the bedrock and by pedological processes. The upper limit of expected background variation for each trace element in the soil is documented, as is its range as a criterion for evaluating which sites may require decontamination.
Factors That Influence the Clinical Decision Making of Novice and Experienced Physical Therapists
Authors: Wainwright Susan Flannery , Shepard Katherine F. , Harman Laurinda B. , Stephens James 
Published: December 2010

Background
The depth and breadth of prior experience informs clinical decision making in novice and experienced physical therapist clinicians.

Objectives
The aims of this research were to identify differences in clinical decision-making abilities and processes between novice and experienced physical therapist clinicians and to develop a model of the factors that influence clinical decision making.

Design
Qualitative research methods and grounded theory were used to gain insight into the factors and experiences that inform clinical decision making.

Methods
Three participant pairs (each pair consisted of 1 novice physical therapist and 1 experienced physical therapist) were purposively selected from 3 inpatient rehabilitation settings. Case summaries from each participant provided the basis for within- and across-case analyses. The credibility of the results was established through checking of the case summaries by the participants, presentation of low-inference data, and triangulation across multiple data sources and within and across participant groups.

Results
The factors that influenced clinical decision making were categorized as informative or directive. Novice participants relied more on informative factors, whereas experienced participants were more likely to rely on directive factors. An intermediate effect beyond novice practice was observed.

Conclusions
The results of this study may be used by educators and employers to develop and structure learning experiences and mentoring opportunities for students and novice learners with the aim of facilitating the development of skills and abilities consistent with expert clinical decision making.
Effectiveness of Stretch for the Treatment and Prevention of Contractures in People With Neurological Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Katalinic Owen M. , Harvey Lisa A. , Herbert Robert D. 
Published: December 2010

Background
Contractures are a disabling complication of neurological conditions that are commonly managed with stretch.

Objective
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures. The review is part of a more-detailed Cochrane review. Only the results of the studies including patients with neurological conditions are reported here.

Data Sources
Electronic searches were conducted in June 2010 in the following computerized databases: Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA), MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, SCI-EXPANDED, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro).

Study Eligibility Criteria
The review included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of stretch applied for the purposes of treating or preventing contractures in people with neurological conditions.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods
Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. The primary outcome measures were joint mobility (range of motion) and quality of life. Secondary outcome measures were pain, spasticity, activity limitation, and participation restriction. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.

Results
Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies provide moderate-quality evidence that stretch has a small immediate effect on joint mobility (mean difference=3°, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0° to 5°) and high-quality evidence that stretch has little or no short-term or long-term effects on joint mobility (mean difference=1° and 0°, respectively, 95% CI=0° to 3° and −2° to 2°, respectively). There is little or no effect of stretch on pain, spasticity, and activity limitation.

Limitations
No studies were retrieved that investigated the effects of stretch for longer than 6 months.

Conclusion
Regular stretch does not produce clinically important changes in joint mobility, pain, spasticity, or activity limitation in people with neurological conditions.
IgM Anti-ß2Glycoprotein I Is Protective Against Lupus Nephritis and Renal Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: MEHRANI TARANEH , PETRI MICHELLE 
Published: December 2010

Objective.Antibodies to ß2glycoprotein I (IgG and IgM isotypes) have recently been added to the laboratory criteria of the revised antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. We investigated whether IgM anti-ß2-glycoprotein I (anti-ß2-GPI) is associated with clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Anti-ß2-GPI was measured in 796 patients with SLE (93% women, 53% white, 38% African American, mean age 45 yrs). IgM anti-ß2-GPI (> 20 phospholipid units) was found in 16%. Associations were determined with clinical manifestations of SLE and with components of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index.Results.As expected, IgM anti-ß2-GPI was highly associated with both the lupus anticoagulant and with anticardiolipin. It was associated with transient ischemic attack (OR 2.64, p = 0.04), but not significantly with venous or arterial thrombosis. IgM anti-ß2-GPI was protective against lupus nephritis (OR 0.54, p = 0.049), renal damage (p = 0.019), and hypertension (OR 0.58, p = 0.008). This protective effect remained after adjustment for ethnicity.Conclusion.In SLE, IgM anti-ß2-GPI is not associated with thrombosis but is protective against lupus nephritis and renal damage. “Natural” autoantibodies of the IgM isotype may have a protective effect.
Le New Public Management est-il bon pour la santé ?
Authors: Chanial Philippe 
Published: December 2010

Se demandant si le nouveau management public est bon pour la santé, cet article vise à souligner toute l’importance de la part du gratuit et du don dans la relation de soin. Or lorsque ce domaine est toujours davantage dirigé par des considérations comptables et marchandes, cette part essentielle en vient à être invisibilisée et déniée. Plus encore, cette chasse à la gratuité ne vient-elle pas fragiliser l’hôpital comme institution et mettre en cause l’idée même que la santé constituerait un bien commun ?
Les laboratoires de l'antipathie.
Authors: Renou Gildas 
Published: December 2010

Prise de position d’un chercheur en science politique qui a enquêté plusieurs années dans le monde des salariés de France Télécom, ce texte propose de mettre en relation la fragilité psychique des travailleurs de cette entreprise avec une donnée fondamentale : l’antipathie est devenue une forme de compétence professionnelle valorisée dans l’entreprise. Désormais, plus on grimpe dans la hiérarchie, plus les salariés doivent démontrer la maîtrise de cette compétence : savoir fermer les yeux et les oreilles à la souffrance d’autrui, savoir cacher les existences humaines meurtries derrière des ritournelles souriantes et aseptisées : productivité, efficacité, compétitivité, excellence, modernisation, leadership ... Face à l’hégémonie des paradigmes utilitaristes de la vie en société qui semblent les avoir rendus invisibles, impensables (et implicitement superflues), cette analyse appelle les sciences sociales à remettre plus fondamentalement, au cœur de leur travail, l’étude des formes d’être-ensemble et de sentir-ensemble qui soutiennent de façon déterminante les existences humaines.
Une valeur gratuite, une complication inutile.
Authors: Dewitte Jacques 
Published: December 2010

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, dans sa lecture de biologistes hétérodoxes comme Adolf Portmann, souligne comme eux la part considérable de gratuité, de non-nécessité fonctionnelle, dans la forme et le comportement des êtres vivants. Chez le philosophe, cette critique du principe d’utilité va de pair avec l’élaboration d’une ontologie lacunaire caractérisée par une alliance d’être et de néant, de plein et de vide. Ainsi dépasse-t-il le dilemme de Sartre : ou bien un être plein et sans faille, ou bien le néant pure et simple.
L'apport d'André Gorz au débat sur le capitalisme cognitif
Authors: Gollain Françoise 
Published: December 2010

Ce texte dégage l’apport spécifique d’André Gorz (1923-2007) à l’analyse des mutations récentes du capitalisme au cours de la période postfordiste par l’analyse de ses rapports avec les collaborateurs de la revue Multitudes , avec une référence particulière à Yann Moulier-Boutang et Antonio Negri. Sont mises en évidence des différences théoriques et politiques significatives manifestées par trois trames critiques qui portent, respectivement, sur la mobilisation des courants structuralistes et systémistes, le statut accordé à la subjectivité dans l’héritage opéraïste, et l’objectif assigné au revenu garanti par certains membres de Multitudes . Cette dernière revendication constitua en revanche pour Gorz l’instrument d’une radicalisation de sa critique de la centralité du travail-emploi et de l’économicisme imprégnant les traditions ouvrière et marxiste. Il considérait que traiter la « connaissance », fruit de la diversité des activités humaines les plus communes, comme un capital et un moyen de production revenait purement à étendre le paradigme de la production et de l’accumulation comme fins en soi.
Memory narrowing in children and adults
Authors: Rush Elizabeth B. , Quas Jodi A. , Yim Ilona S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe memory narrowing effect posits that stress enhances memory for central information at the expense of memory for peripheral details. This effect is well established in adults, but not in children, although studies have not directly compared children's and adults' memory for central versus peripheral details of an identical distressing experience. In the present study, 9–12 year‐old and adult participants completed a laboratory stressor during which measures of self‐reported stress was collected. Two weeks later, participants returned for a surprise memory test regarding central and peripheral details of the laboratory stressor. Greater stress predicted memory narrowing in both children and adults, as indexed via decreased correct responses and increased don't know responses to questions about peripheral relative to central details. Findings have implications for theories concerning stress and memory, particularly in children, and for evaluating eyewitness memory in legal contexts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's episodic and generic reports of alleged abuse
Authors: Schneider Luke , Price Heather L. , Roberts Kim P. , Hedrick Amy M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWith the present data, we explored the relations between the language of interviewer questions, children's reports, and case and child characteristics in forensic interviews. Results clearly indicated that the type of questions posed by interviewers—either probing generic or episodic features of an event—was related to the specificity of information reported by children. Further, interviewers appeared to adjust their questioning strategies based on the frequency of the alleged abuse. Children alleging single instances of abuse were asked more episodic questions than those alleging multiple abuses. In contrast, children alleging multiple incidents of abuse were asked a greater proportion of generic questions. Given that investigators often seek forensically relevant episodic information, it is recommended that training for investigators focus on recognition of prompt selection tendencies and developing strategies for posing non‐suggestive, episodically focused questions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate‐based flame retardant composition for polypropylene
Authors: Deodhar Sarang , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan , Fan Qinguo , Wilkie Charles A. , Costache Maurius C. , Dembsey Nicholas A. , Patra Prabir K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe chemical mode of action as a flame retardant of calcium carbonate nanoparticles combined with ammonium polyphosphate in polypropylene was investigated. Reduction in burning rates for 0.5 mm thick samples were observed without appreciable char formation up to 30 wt % loading of additives. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the mixture of CaCO3 and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) showed that calcium carbonate nanoparticles react with ammonium polyphosphate before the degradation of the phosphate chains. TGA–FTIR studies of the polymer composite samples and powder mixtures of the additives confirmed the evolution of ammonia and carbon dioxide due to interaction between the additives. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of chars, obtained after burning the films, showed definite diffraction peaks corresponding to that of calcium metaphosphate. The inert gasses produced by the interaction of the additives hindered the advancing flame and, thus, reduces the burning rates, at times even without char formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Cloacal Morphology in Bolitoglossa nicefori (Caudata: Plethodontidae): Variation During the Reproductive Cycle
Authors: González‐León Ezequiel , Ramírez‐Pinilla Martha Patricia 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMale and female plethodontid salamanders have specialized cloacal glands associated with the reproductive activity. The reproductive cycle in Bolitoglossa nicefori is characterized by males that are potentially reproductive throughout the year, and females that are reproductive only for a few months. To determine whether morphological and histochemical variation occur in cloacal structures related to reproductive activity, the cloacal region of male and female specimens of B. nicefori was studied in different stages of their annual reproductive cycle using light microscopy and compared with features reported in other plethodontid salamanders. The main anatomy and histology of the male and female cloacal regions of B. nicefori are similar to those of other salamanders; however, in comparison to other Bolitoglossa previously studied, B. nicefori has a relatively larger cloacal tube and a tubular rather than acinar spermatheca. As a common trait, the spermatheca has a common tube that diverges into two tubules, before branching into spermathecal tubules, horizontally arranged on frontal planes. The secretions of the spermathecal glands differed between reproductive and nonreproductive adult females. This secretory product consists of prevailing neutral carbohydrates that were related to the increase in ovarian follicular size during the breeding season. Sperm was found only in the spermatheca of reproductive periovulatory females, suggesting that the reproductive cycle involves a no long‐term storage of sperm. Although males can produce sperm throughout the year, spermatophores, namely specialized structures involved in sperm transport, were found in their cloaca only during the breeding season. In these males, some of the cloaca‐associated glands were seen to undergo change their secretory activity and their secretory products were related to spermatophore formation. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy “steeplechase” online: Necessity sometimes is the catalyst for innovation
Authors: Inuwa Ibrahim Muhammad , Al Rawahy Maimouna , Taranikanti Varna , Habbal Omar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn most medical schools, summative practical examination in Anatomy usually takes the format of a “steeplechase” (“spotters” or “bell ringers”) conducted in the gross anatomy laboratory using cadaveric material and prosected specimens. Recently, we have started to administer similar examinations online using the quiz facility in WebCT™ and Moodle™. This article chronicles how we conceived and developed this method within the peculiar nature of our medical school setting. Over a five year period, practical summative examinations were organized as “steeplechase” online. The online examinations were administered using WebCT™ and later Moodle™ learning management software. Assessment “objects” were created from the materials available for anatomy teaching. These were digital images of cadaveric materials, radiological, and prosected specimens. In addition, short video clips of 30 seconds duration demonstrating muscle action were produced. These objects were optimized for online viewing and then uploaded onto the learning management software. A bank of questions (multiple choice or short answer type) was then created and linked to the assessment objects. These were used in place of the steeplechase in the computer laboratory. This method serves a crucial purpose in places like ours where continuous availability of human cadavers is impossible. Although time consuming initially, once questions are setup online, future retrieval, and administration becomes convenient especially where there are large batches of students. In addition, the online environment offers distinct advantages with regards to image quality, psychometric analysis of the examination and reduction of staff preparation time compared to traditional “steeplechase.” Anat Sci Educ 4: 115–118, 2011. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Fatty acids and the endoplasmic reticulum in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Gentile Christopher L. , Frye Melinda A. , Pagliassotti Michael J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a burgeoning public health concern in westernized nations. The obesity‐related disorder is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and liver failure. Although the underlying pathogenesis of NAFLD is unclear, increasing evidence suggests that excess saturated fatty acids presented to or stored within the liver may play a role in both the development and progression of the disorder. A putative mechanism linking saturated fatty acids to NAFLD may be endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Specifically, excess saturated fatty acids may induce an ER stress response that, if left unabated, can activate stress signaling pathways, cause hepatocyte cell death, and eventually lead to liver dysfunction. In the current review we discuss the involvement of saturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of NAFLD with particular emphasis on the role of ER stress.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Vibrational Spectra of KLn(SO4)2·H2O (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy).
Authors: Kazmierczak Karolina , Hoeppe Henning A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by slow evaporation of aqueous solutions of Ln(SO4)2 (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy) and KSCN in the molar ratio 1:2 (room temperature, several weeks) and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Structure Type of RE4B4O11F2: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Crystal Structure of La4B4O11F2.
Authors: Haberer Almut , Kaindl Reinhard , Oeckler Oliver , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of the new title compound are obtained from a mixture of La2O3, B2O3, and LaF3 in the molar ratio 5:6:2 (Walker‐type multianvil apparatus, 6 GPa, 1300 °C, 10 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Optical and Magnetic Properties of Some REZnPnO (Pn: P, As, Sb) Phases.
Authors: Schellenberg Inga , Lincke Hannes , Hermes Wilfried , Dittrich Volker , Glaum Robert , Moeller Manfred H. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLnZnPO, LnZnAsO, and LnZnSbO compounds with Ln: La—Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, and Tm are prepare by reaction of Ln, ZnO, and the corresponding pnictide in a NaCl/KCl flux (evacuated quartz tube, 770 K, 1 d; annealing at 1120—1170 K, 6—24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The New Binary Intermetallic YbGe2.83.
Authors: Sebastian C. Peter , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe new title compound is obtained as a byproduct in the reaction of Yb, Ge, and Ag or Pd in liquid In (alumina crucible in a sealed silica tube, 1000 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Anomalous Stoichiometry, Layered Structure, and Magnetic Ordering for the Prussian Blue Analogue [NEt4]2[MnII3(CN)8].
Authors: Her Jae‐Hyuk , Stephens Peter W. , Kareis Christopher M. , Moore Joshua G. , Miller Joel S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe title compound is produced in 91% yield by dropwise addition of aq.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Extended Architecture with 46·64 Topology Based on Mixed‐Valence Wells—Dawson Arsenotungstate and Mixed‐Ligand Cu(I) Units.
Authors: Tong Ruizhan , Ren Xiaoyu , Li Zuoxi , Liu Bin , Hu Huaiming , Xue Ganglin , Fu Feng , Wang Jiwu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOrange red crystals of CuI8(imi)4(bpy)6 (H2O) [AsV2WV2W VI16O62]·2H2O (imi: imidazole; bpy: 4,4′‐bipyridine) are hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Cu(OAc)2, As2O3, WO3, bpy, imi, and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 4 d, 25% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylation of C—H Bonds Using N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: Boogaerts Ine I. F. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNHC gold(I) hydroxide complexes catalyzes the carboxylation of carbo‐ and heterocycles with high regioselectivity at the most acidic C—H bond position.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Stereoselective Approach for the Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Cyclopropylmethylene‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐one via the Condensation Reaction of cis‐1‐Aryl‐2‐benzoyl‐3,3‐dicyanocyclopropanes with Oxindole in Water.
Authors: Zhou Dong , Yu Haigang , Liu Ying , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe resulting functionalized cyclopropanes, which are of interest in natural product and drug chemistry, are formed by completely selective formation of the trans double bond and concomitant diastereoselective hydrolysis of one cyano group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐(Pyridyl, quinolyl, and isoquinolyl)azulenes by Reissert—Henze Type Reaction.
Authors: Shoji Taku , Okada Kazuyuki , Ito Shunji , Toyota Kozo , Morita Noboru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHeteroarylation of azulenes (I) and (IV) with N‐oxides (II), promoted by Tf2O, affords the title compounds in low to moderate yields.