bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of FocalPoint GS location‐guided imaging system
Authors: Levi Angelique W. , Chhieng David C. , Schofield Kevin , Kowalski Diane , Harigopal Malini 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the location‐guided imaging system FocalPoint GS (FPGS), on SurePath Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for primary screening. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of FPGS on the following: distribution of diagnostic categories; rate of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)–positive ASC‐US cases; and quality control (QC) data before and after FPGS implementation.Methods:A search of the laboratory information system was performed to identify all SurePath Pap tests processed in our laboratory for the first 19 months after FPGS implementation. We also retrieved all SurePath specimens from a 16‐month period prior to FPGS implementation to serve as the control. During the period from Janaury 2008 to April 2009, the FocalPoint Slide Profiler was used.Results:Implementation of FPGS resulted in a significantly higher percentage of LSIL and ASC‐US interpretations, as well as a significant increase in the detection of candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. The ASC‐to‐SIL ratio was 1.4 and 1.9 before and after FPGS implementation, respectively. There was a decrease in the HR‐HPV positive rate in ASC‐US cases, and a decrease in the estimated false‐negative fraction after FPGS implementation.Conclusions:In conclusion, our study seems to demonstrate a favorable performance of FPGS in the routine clinical setting. FPGS may have the potential to be a promising screening tool for gynecologic cytology in a low‐risk patient population. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Efficient computation of inviscid flow fields around complex configurations using a multiblock multigrid method
Authors: Rossow C.‐C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe efficient implementation of a multigrid technique for use on block‐structured, body‐fitted meshes is investigated. The algorithm employed for the solution of inviscid flow fields uses central differences with artificial dissipation, and time integration is performed by a five‐stage Runge—Kutta scheme. A major point of concern is the amount of work which may be performed within a block before switching to the next block. In this study three different strategies are under consideration. In the first strategy data are exchanged between blocks in each stage of the Runge—Kutta time‐stepping scheme. This keeps a possible time lag between blocks to a minimum, but requires a large amount of I/O operations and storage. The second strategy performs a complete Runge—Kutta cycle within a block before switching to the next. Having completed one time step in all blocks, a second sweep through all blocks is done in order to evaluate residuals necessary for the restriction to coarser meshes. In the third strategy both a complete Runge—Kutta cycle and the residual evaluation for the restriction operator are done within a block, allowing a minimum of I/O and storage. A primary application of all three strategies to a two‐block mesh around a wing‐body combination showed no significant differences in the convergence of the multigrid algorithm. To investigate the impact of the different strategies on complex configurations, computations were carried out on an 11‐block mesh around a wing‐body—engine‐pylon configuration. Both the first and second strategies delivered converged results, but the third failed due to the larger time lag between blocks. Full multigrid was then used to obtain a preconditioned starting solution for the finest grid. This alleviated the time lag to such an extent that even the third strategy yielded convergence.
Optimal multistage schemes for multigrid smoothing of two‐dimensional advection operators
Authors: Catalano L. A. , Napolitano M. , Deconinck H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn optimal multistage explicit scheme is applied to solve a non‐linear advection equation using a standard first‐order‐accurate upwind scheme and three different genuinely two‐dimensional first‐order‐accurate discrete operators, within a finite‐volume context. Such an explicit time integration procedure is combined with a classical multigrid method to accelerate convergence to steady state.
Comparative Study of CeO2 and Doped CeO2 with Tailored Oxygen Vacancies for CO Oxidation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Qi , Liao Yuchao , Shen Genli , Gong Xuzhong , Han Ning , Liu Haidi , Chen Yunfa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report on the preparation and characterization of CeO2 nanofibers (CeO2‐NFs) and nanocubes (CeO2‐NCs), as well as Sm‐ and Gd‐doped CeO2 nanocubes (Sm‐CeO2‐NCs and Gd‐CeO2‐NCs), synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process for CO catalytic oxidation. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their oxygen‐storing capacity (OSC) was examined by means of hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and oxygen pulse techniques. Their catalytic properties for CO catalytic oxidation were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the CeO2‐NFs possessed a higher catalytic activity compared to the CeO2‐NCs because of their smaller size and the greater number of oxygen vacancies. The activity of the Sm‐CeO2‐NCs was higher than that of the CeO2‐NCs due to an increase in the number of oxygen vacancies, which results from the substitution of Ce4+ species with Sm3+ ions. In contrast, Gd doping had a negative effect on the CO catalytic oxidation due to the special electron configuration of Gd3+ (4f7). Our work demonstrates that the oxygen vacancies in pure CeO2 and the electron configuration of the dopants in doped CeO2 play an important role in CO oxidation.
Long‐Lived States to Monitor Protein Unfolding by Proton NMR
Authors: Bornet Aurélien , Ahuja Puneet , Sarkar Riddhiman , Fernandes Laetitia , Hadji Sonia , Lee Shirley Y. , Haririnia Aydin , Fushman David , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Vasos Paul R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe relaxation of long‐lived states (LLS) corresponds to the slow return to statistical thermal equilibrium between symmetric and antisymmetric proton spin states. This process is remarkably sensitive to the presence of external spins and can be used to obtain information about partial unfolding of proteins. We detected the appearance of a destabilized conformer of ubiquitin when urea is added to the protein in its native state. This conformer shows increased mobility in the C‐terminus, which significantly extends the lifetimes of proton LLS magnetisation in Ser‐65. These changes could not be detected by conventional measurements of T1 and T2 relaxation times of protons, and would hardly be sensed by carbon‐13 or nitrogen‐15 relaxation measurements. Conformers with similar dynamic and structural features, as revealed by LLS relaxation times, could be observed, in the absence of urea, in two ubiquitin mutants, L67S and L69S.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Gallium Nanowires and Macroporous Structures in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Al Zoubi Mohammad , Al‐Salman Rihab , El Abedin Sherif Z. , Li Yao , Endres Frank 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical synthesis of gallium nanostructures in an ionic liquid is presented. Gallium nanowires and macroporous structures were synthesized by the template‐assisted electrodeposition in the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([Py1,4]TFSA) containing GaCl3 as the precursor. Track‐etched polycarbonate membranes with an average pore diameter of 90 nm and a thickness of 21 μm were used as templates for the nanowire synthesis. Ga nanowires with a length of more than 4 μm and an average diameter corresponding to that of the template′s pores were easily obtained by this method. Macroporous structures with an average pore diameter of 600 nm were obtained by the electrochemical deposition of Ga inside polystyrene colloidal crystal templates and the subsequent removal of the template by THF. The macroporous deposit showed a granular morphology with smallest grain sizes of about 40 nm and light reflections. The nanostructures of Ga were characterized by HR‐SEM and EDX analysis.
Universal laws and economic phenomena
Authors: Gerig Austin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDespite the idiosyncratic behavior of individuals, empirical regularities exist in social and economic systems. These regularities often arise from simple underlying mechanisms which, analogous to the natural sciences, can be expressed as universal principles or laws. In this essay, I discuss the similarities between economic and natural phenomena and argue that it is advantageous for economists to adopt methods from the natural sciences to discover “universal laws” in economic systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011
Evolving dynamical networks: A formalism for describing complex systems
Authors: Gorochowski Thomas E. , Bernardo Mario Di , Grierson Claire S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe introduce a comprehensive formalism called an Evolving Dynamical Network (EDN) that aims to provide a common description for many types of complex system in applied science and engineering. We expand the currently available formalisms and define a new modeling framework able to incorporate network topology, dynamics, and evolution in an integrated way. Although the main focus is to provide a common framework, we find that evolving dynamical networks also highlight several interesting implications regarding possible control mechanisms for complex systems. A physical example is used throughout to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the various approaches described in the article. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011
Behavioural Risk of Bipolar Disorder in an Analogue Population: The Role of Cognitive, Developmental and Interpersonal Factors
Authors: Schwannauer Matthias , Noble Abbi , Fraser Gillian 
Published: September 2011

Research to date has identified the contribution of a number of cognitive, developmental and interpersonal risk factors in the development of bipolar affective disorder. However, further work is needed to understand the mechanisms and interactions between these risk factors in relation to bipolar mood instability. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of identifying high risk of bipolar disorder through cognitive and interpersonal factors and to further expand our knowledge regarding the relationship between such factors. The findings from this work demonstrate that when both cognitive and interpersonal variables are entered into one model to predict bipolar high risk, direct effects are observed for the interpersonal factors, which then have a fully mediational effect on the cognitive factors. This work proposes that interpersonal factors develop and maintain cognitive risk factors and that future formulations and treatment of bipolar disorder need to focus on addressing such interpersonal issues. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

This study highlights the importance of the interpersonal context of mood dysregulation and the interaction of cognitive and interpersonal aspects of affect regulation.
The interpersonal context needs to be fully considered when investigating and working with individuals at risk of bipolar disorder.
Comparison of radiation detector performance for different metal contacts on CdZnTe deposited by electroless deposition method
Authors: Zheng Q. , Dierre F. , Ayoub M. , Crocco J. , Bensalah H. , Corregidor V. , Alves E. , Fernandez‐Ruiz R. , Perez J. M. , Dieguez E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA comparative study of four different metals gold (Au), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru) and rhodium (Rh) deposited on CdZnTe(CZT) by the electroless deposition method has been carried out. Two of these materials, Ru and Rh, have been deposited for the first time by this method. In contrast to the Pt deposition, the deposition of Ru and Rh were not carried out under the optimal conditions. The metals deposited on the samples were identified by Total reflection X‐ray Fluorescence (TXRF). Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) analyses show that Au forms the thickest layer (∼160 nm) for the experimental conditions of this work. Current‐voltage measurements show that Pt forms a more linear ohmic contact with the lowest leakage current. A 57Co gamma ray spectrum gave a better detector performance with a FWHM 11 keV at 122 keV. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Remarkable Uptake of CO2 and CH4 by Graphene‐Like Borocarbonitrides, BxCyNz
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Subrahmanyam K. S. , Chaturbedy Piyush , Raidongia Kalyan , Govindaraj Achutharao , Hembram Kailash P. S. S. , Mishra Abhishek K. , Waghmare Umesh V. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe surface areas and uptake of CO2 and CH4 by four graphene samples are measured and compared with activated charcoal. The surface areas are in the range of 5–640 m2 g−1, whereas the CO2 and CH4 uptake values are in the range of 18–45 wt % (at 195 K, 0.1 MPa) and 0–2.8 wt % (at 273 K, 5 MPa), respectively. The CO2 and CH4 uptake values of the graphene samples vary linearly with the surface area. In contrast, graphene‐like BxCyNz samples with compositions close to BC2N exhibit surface areas in the range of 1500–1990 m2 g−1 and CO2 and CH4 uptake values in the ranges 97–128 wt % (at 195 K, 0.1 MPa) and 7.5–17.3 wt %, respectively. The uptake of these gases varies exponentially with the surface area of the BxCyZn samples, and the uptake of CH4 varies proportionally with that of CO2. The uptake of CO2 for the best BC2N sample is 64 wt % at 298 K. The large uptake of both CO2 and CH4 gases by BC2N betters the performance of graphenes and activated charcoal. First‐principles calculations show that the adsorption of CO2 and CH4 is more favored on BCN samples compared to graphene.
Cytofluorometric detection of rodent malaria parasites using red‐excited fluorescent dyes
Authors: Gerena Y. , Gonzalez‐Pons M. , Serrano A. E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFlow cytometry is a potentially efficient approach for the quantification of parasitemias in experimental malaria infections and drug susceptibility assays using rodent malaria models such as Plasmodium berghei. In this study, we used two red DNA‐binding fluorochromes, rhodamine 800 (R800) and LD700, to measure parasitemia levels in whole blood samples from mice infected with P. berghei. Blood samples were treated with RNAse A to eliminate RNA‐derived signals. Propidium iodide, which stains both DNA and RNA, was used as a positive control. The parasitemia levels determined by R800 and LD700 were comparable to those calculated by microscopic analysis of blood smears and flow cytometry using Hoechst 33258. RNAse treatment did not affect these measurements. We also used R800 or LD700 to quantify parasitemias in mice infected with a GFP‐expressing P. berghei line to correlate the parasitemia levels determined by DNA staining versus parasite numbers using GFP fluorescence as a surrogate measurement. A positive correlation was found between levels determined by flow cytometry using these dyes and those measured by GFP expression. Similar results were obtained when parasitemias determined by flow cytometry were compared to those determined by conventional microscopy. The limit of detection of infected red blood cells using R800 or LD700 staining was 0.1% and 0.15%, respectively. This study demonstrates that red laser‐based flow cytometry using R800 or LD700 can be used for effective quantification of parasitemia levels in Plasmodium infected red blood cells. Furthermore, this method has the advantage that it does not require RNAse pretreatment and allows for a greater amount of cells to be analyzed for parasite burden than otherwise measured by conventional microscopy. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Effects of shear rate and suspending medium viscosity on elongation of red cells tank‐treading in shear flow
Authors: Fischer Thomas M. , Korzeniewski Rafal 
Published: September 2011

AbstractElongation measurements of red cells subjected to simple shear flow are usually performed using a single suspending medium (viscosity η0) and varying the mean shear rate
$(\dot \gamma )$. Such data are often plotted versus the shear stress $(\tau = \eta _0 \dot \gamma )$
suggesting that the elongation scales with τ. In this work, normal blood samples were tested in a rheoscope varying both η0 and $\dot \gamma$. The ranges of $\dot \gamma$
were chosen to restrict the elongation of the red cells to low values where the behavior is dominated by their intrinsic properties. It was found that the elongation scales with $\eta _0^s \dot \gamma$
with s decreasing from two at η0 = 20 mPas to unity at η0 = 70 mPas. Above η0 = 70 mPas, the elongation is therefore essentially determined by the membrane elasticity alone. A side observation was a large variation of the elongation both intraindividually and interindividually. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
CD4+ T regulatory cells are more resistant to DNA damage compared to CD4+ T effector cells as revealed by flow cytometric analysis
Authors: Winzler Claudia , Fantinato Margherita , Giordan Marco , Calore Elisabetta , Basso Giuseppe , Messina Chiara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA number of apoptotic stimuli produce a different response by CD4+ regulatory and effector lymphocytes. So far, little is known concerning the sensitivity of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) to genotoxic agents. Observations from a mouse model suggest that Treg are more resistant to DNA damage compared to CD4+ T effector cells (Teff). By flow cytometry we analysed the apoptotic response to genotoxic stimuli in culture, comparing Treg and Teff. CD4+ regulatory lymphocytes appeared to be more resistant than CD4+ effector lymphocytes. Results of costaining experiments for CD45RA suggest that this dissimilarity is not related to the differentiation to a CD45RA negative phenotype. Further, neither the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 nor Bcl‐xL were found to be expressed in greater amounts by Treg compared to Teff. The differential sensitivity of Treg and Teff to DNA‐damage inducing agents may be of clinical relevance in cancer therapy. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
ZAP‐70 and Bcl‐2 expression in B lymphoblastic leukemia cells and hematogones
Authors: Craig Fiona E. , Monaghan Sara A. , Surti Urvashi , Swerdlow Steven H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has an established role in the diagnosis and monitoring of B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐LL). However, the search continues for an optimal reagent set that can identify leukemic blasts with specificity, reproducibility, and sensitivity, at any point during the course of the disease and in every specimen type.Methods:This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of detecting the intracytoplasmic antigens zeta‐associated protein (ZAP‐70) and Bcl‐2 in the distinction between the leukemic blasts of B‐LL and hematogones.Results:In comparison with hematogones in reference specimens, significantly higher levels of Bcl‐2 were identified in 21 of 23 (91%) B‐LL. In particular, Bcl‐2 expression was consistently higher in leukemic blasts with bright intensity CD10 expression than the equivalent most immature (CD10 bright intensity) hematogones. As previously reported, Bcl‐2 expression was lower in B‐LL with BCR‐ABL1 gene rearrangement, but the fluorescence intensity of this group of specimens was still significantly higher than that seen for hematogones. In contrast, ZAP‐70 was expressed at significantly higher levels in only 7 of 23 (30%) B‐LL and demonstrated other findings that might limit clinical utility, including differences in the level of ZAP‐70 expression during therapy and between blasts in the peripheral blood and bone marrow.Conclusions:Bcl‐2 over‐expression provides a useful tool for the distinction between B‐LL and hematogones. In contrast, although further optimization of the ZAP‐70 assay might increase the sensitivity of detection, over‐expression of ZAP‐70 was identified in only a minority of B‐LL. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Comparison of different antenna arrays for the BER reduction in indoor wireless communication
Authors: Ho Min‐Hui , Chiu Chien‐Ching , Liao Shu‐Han 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we use the ultra wideband antenna array combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the BER for indoor communication systems. Three types of antenna arrays, namely the circular shape, L shape, and Y shape arrays, are used in the transmitter and their corresponding BER on several paths in the indoor environment are calculated. On the basis of the topography of the antenna array and the BER formula, the array pattern synthesis problem can be reformulated into an optimization problem and solved by the PSO. The novelties of our approach is not only choosing BER as the object function instead of the sidelobe level of the antenna pattern, but also considering the antenna feed length effect of each array element. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the excitation voltages and feed lengths for these antenna arrays to reduce the BER. The strong point of the PSO is that it can find the solution even if the performance index cannot be formulated by simple equations. By the obtained antenna patterns, we can know the route with the lowest BER; meanwhile, transmission power using this route can be reduced. Numerical results show that the synthesized antenna array pattern is effective in focusing maximum gain to the line‐of‐sight path for these antenna arrays. The synthesized array pattern also can mitigate severe multipath fading in complex propagation environments. As a result, the BER can be reduced substantially in indoor ultra wideband communication systems. The investigated results can help communication engineers improve their planning and design of indoor wireless communication.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytodiagnosis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma: A case report
Authors: Kulkarni Medha Pradeep , Gosavi Alka Vikas , Anvikar Arti Rameshrao , Ramteerthakar Nayan A. , Lanjewar Dhaneshwar N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMesoblastic nephroma (MN) is the most common renal tumor diagnosed in infancy. A case of congenital MN was diagnosed in a 6‐month old child by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. The smears were cellular and consisted of plump spindle cells arranged in clusters along with scattered naked nuclei in the background. Blastemal, epithelial, or glomeruloid structures were not seen. Considering the age and the cytomorphology, a diagnosis of cellular variant of MN was offered which was confirmed on histopathology. Unlike Wilms tumor, preoperative chemotherapy is not required for MN. Hence cytologic diagnosis is important. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.