bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herding in a Concentrated Market: a Question of Intent
Authors: Holmes Phil , Kallinterakis Vasileios , Ferreira M P Leite 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWhile considerable evidence exists that institutions herd, the issue of why herding takes place remains unresolved. Using monthly holdings data for Portugal, we find clear evidence of herding and investigate whether such behaviour is intentional or spurious. By analysing herding under different market conditions, we conclude it is intentional. Month‐of‐the‐quarter analysis suggests reputational reasons drive behaviour. Results are consistent with herding interacting with window dressing to determine funds, buy and sell decisions. The findings are important in understanding market dynamics and fund managers’ behaviour and are of great significance to investors in managed funds.
LGBTQs in the City, Queering Urban Space
Authors: DODERER YVONNE P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSince the 1960s, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) culture has developed in big cities and metropolises everywhere (not only in the West, but also in Asia, Latin America and indeed Africa). This essay examines how cities provide the spatial conditions necessary for the formation of such emancipatory movements based on identity politics and strategies which transcend binary gender dualism. The starting point of this investigation is my thesis that only urban life enables LGBTQ individuals to live their lives fully, realize their (sexual) identities, and furthermore organize themselves collectively, become publicly visible, and appropriate urban, societal and political spaces.Résumé Depuis les années 1960, les grandes villes et métropoles, non seulement de l'Europe, mais aussi d'Asie, d'Amérique latine et d'Afrique, ont vu se développer une culture glesbienne, gai, bisexual, transgender et queer. Cet article étudie quelques aspect de la relation entre ces villes qui est une condition pour la formation de ce type de mouvements d'émancipation fondés sur la mise en question de la bipolarité sexuelle. Mon étude repose sur la thèse que c'est exclusivement dans la cadre de la vie urbaine que ces identités (sexuelles) peuvent se manifester et s'organiser afin de devenir visible sur la place publique et d'investir l'espace urbain, social et politique.
Appropriateness of Special Protection Areas for wide‐ranging species: the importance of scale and protecting foraging, not just nesting habitats
Authors: Guixé D. , Arroyo B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEffective conservation plans and design of Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for protected species should take into account ranging behaviour and foraging habitats, and this is particularly important for wide‐ranging species. Montagu's harriers Circus pygargus are ground‐nesting semi‐colonial raptors typical of agricultural habitats. We studied the foraging behaviour of 14 radio‐tracked male Montagu's harriers, in order to investigate the distance from nests of foraging birds, the extent to which foraging range overlapped with SPAs designated for this species, and foraging habitat selection within foraging ranges. Average foraging range size, estimated from either minimum convex polygon or kernel 90%, was larger than 100 km2. Only 19 ± 11% of the foraging ranges were within SPA limits. Cereal (the main habitat used for nesting) was slightly counterselected for foraging, and most prey (64%, n=117) captured in that habitat were insects. Hunting attempts occurred significantly more frequently than expected in alfalfa, where most prey captured were small mammals (70%, n=102). Use of this habitat for foraging increased throughout the season. Most prey captured in other habitats (mainly tree crops, shrubs or uncultivated land) were birds (83%, n=43). SPAs included a higher proportion of cereal, but a lower proportion of alfalfa than areas outside SPAs. Overall, our results show that breeding Montagu's harriers use an area for foraging much larger than current sizes of most SPAs for the species, that habitats selected for foraging differ from those used for nesting and that preferred foraging habitats were less common inside SPAs than outside. Conservation management for this species should aim to protect foraging habitats within a large radius of the colonies, probably requiring measures to be applied outside protected areas. More generally, SPAs designed without including information of ranging behaviour and foraging habitats may be ineffective.
CDKL5 gene‐related epileptic encephalopathy: electroclinical findings in the first year of life
Authors: MELANI FEDERICO , MEI DAVIDE , PISANO TIZIANA , SAVASTA SALVATORE , FRANZONI EMILIO , FERRARI ANNA RITA , MARINI CARLA , GUERRINI RENZO 
Published: February 2011

Aim  Cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) gene abnormalities cause an early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy. We performed video‐electroencephalography (video‐EEG) monitoring early in the course of CDKL5‐related epileptic encephalopathy in order to examine the early electroclinical characteristics of the condition.Method  We used video‐EEG to monitor six infants (five females, one male) with CDKL5‐related epileptic encephalopathy (five mutations; one deletion), at ages 45 days to 12 months and followed them up to the ages of 14 months to 5 years (mean age 23mo). We focused our analysis on the first year of life. The results were evaluated against those of a comparison group of nine infants (aged below 1y) with epileptic encephalography who had tested negative for CDKL5 mutations and deletions.Results  One infant exhibited normal background activity, three exhibited moderate slowing, and two exhibited a suppression burst pattern. Two participants had epileptic spasms and four had a stereotyped complex seizure pattern, which we defined as a ‘prolonged’ generalized tonic–clonic event consisting of a tonic–tonic/vibratory contraction, followed by a clonic phase with series of spasms, gradually translating into repetitive distal myoclonic jerks. Seizure duration ranged from 2 to 4 minutes. The EEG correlate of each clinical phase included an initial electrodecremental event (tonic vibratory phase), irregular series of sharp waves and spike slow waves (clonic phase with series of spasms), and bilateral rhythmic sharp waves (time locked with myoclonus).Interpretation  Infants with CDKL5‐related early epileptic encephalopathy can present in the first year of life with an unusual electroclinical pattern of ‘prolonged’ generalized tonic–clonic seizures.
Extreme 15N‐enrichments in 2.72‐Gyr‐old sediments: evidence for a turning point in the nitrogen cycle
Authors: THOMAZO C. , ADER M. , PHILIPPOT P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlthough nitrogen is a key element in organic molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, the timing of the emergence of its modern biogeochemical cycle is poorly known. Recent studies on the antiquity of the nitrogen cycle and its interaction with free oxygen suggests the establishment of a complete aerobic N biogeochemical cycle with nitrification, denitrification, and nitrogen fixation at about 2.68 Gyr. Here, we report new bulk nitrogen isotope data for the 2.72 billion‐year‐old sedimentary succession of the Tumbiana Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia). The nitrogen isotopic compositions vary widely from +8.6‰ up to +50.4‰ and are inversely correlated with the very low δ13C values of associated organic matter defining the Fortescue excursion (down to about −56‰). We propose that this 15N‐enrichment records the onset of nitrification coupled to the continuous removal of its derivatives (nitrite and nitrate) by denitrification. This finding implies an increase in the availability of electron acceptors and probably oxygen in the Tumbiana depositional environment, 300 million years before the oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FRESHWATER FAMILY HYDRODICTYACEAE (SPHAEROPLEALES, CHLOROPHYCEAE), WITH AN EMPHASIS ON PEDIASTRUM DUPLEX1
Authors: McManus Hilary A. , Lewis Louise A. 
Published: February 2011

The freshwater green algal family Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) has traditionally consisted of four coenobial genera, Pediastrum Meyen 1829, Hydrodictyon Roth 1797, Sorastrum Kützing 1845, and Euastropsis Lagerheim1894. Two recent molecular phylogenetic studies demonstrated the need for reevaluation of the generic and species boundaries in this morphology‐rich family. This study expands the previous work to include phylogenetic analyses of 103 ingroup isolates representing North America, Europe, and Australia, with an emphasis on the common and geographically widespread species Pediastrum duplex. Nucleotide sequence data were collected from the nuclear LSU (26S rDNA) and the chloroplast RUBISCO LSU (rbcL) genes, totaling >3,000 aligned characters. The 26S and rbcL data sets were analyzed using maximum‐likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. In addition, SEM was used to examine the wall morphology of a majority of the isolates. The results supported previous indications that the P. duplex Meyen 1829 morphotype is nonmonophyletic and resolved some previously ambiguous relationships recovered in earlier phylogenetic estimations using fewer isolates. These new data allowed testing of the recent taxonomic revisions of the family that split Pediastrum into five genera. Some of the previous revisions by Buchheim et al. (2005) were well supported (erection of Stauridium and Monactinus), while others were not (Pediastrum, Pseudopediastrum, Parapediastrum).
Multivariate Analysis of Morphometric Characteristics to Evaluate Risk Factors for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficiency in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Ragetly Chantal A. , Evans Richard , Mostafa Ayman A. , Griffon Dominique J. 
Published: February 2011

Objectives:To determine the combination of conformation characteristics of the pelvic limbs of Labrador Retrievers that best discriminates between limb at risk to develop cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and limbs at low risk using radiographs, computerized tomography (CT) images, and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Study Design:Cross‐sectional clinical study.Animals:Twelve clinically normal and 9 unilaterally CCL‐deficient Labrador Retrievers.Methods:The pelvic limbs of normal dogs were considered as non‐predisposed to CCL disease and the contralateral limbs of CCL‐deficient dogs as predisposed. Conformation variables, obtained from femur and tibial radiographs, pelvic limb CT images and DEXA studies, of predisposed pelvic limbs were compared with the conformation variables from pelvic limbs of the low‐risk group. An ROC curve analysis was used to assess the discriminating properties of conformation variables for several combinations.Results:We determined that a combination of tibial plateau angle (TPA) and femoral anteversion angle (FAA) measured on radiographs was optimal for discriminating predisposed and non‐predisposed limbs for CCL disease in Labrador Retrievers.Conclusions:Assessing predisposition to CCL disease with a combination of conformational measurements is better than using univariate parameters. In the future, TPA and FAA may be used to screen dogs suspected of being susceptible to CCL disease.
Safety of a universal, virus‐inactivated and prion‐depleted, pharmaceutical‐quality plasma: a randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial in healthy volunteers
Authors: Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra , Kursten Friedrich W. , Walasek Claudia , Horvath Michaela , Leitner Gerda , List Jana , Quehenberger Peter , Schwameis Michael , Bartko Johann , Jilma Bernd 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Universal plasma is intended to be transfused irrespective of the blood group. We compared the safety and tolerability of a novel, universal blood group–independent plasma with an ABO‐matched plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, crossover, Phase I trial, 30 healthy adult volunteers (blood group A, B, or AB) were randomly assigned to transfusion of 1200 mL of Uniplas LG and 1200 mL of Octaplas LG (both Octapharma AG) or vice versa. In both periods, plasmapheresis (PPh, 600 mL) preceded the infusion. Blood samples were drawn before and after PPh and 15 minutes, 2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days after end of plasma transfusion, to assess safety and efficacy. The primary safety outcome was change in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration; secondary safety outcomes were direct antiglobulin test (DAT), complement activation, free Hb, haptoglobin, and indirect bilirubin. Efficacy was assessed by evaluation of coagulation variables.RESULTS: Variations of Hb concentration were similar between treatments and within normal range; 90% confidence interval was within predefined limits of equivalence. No subject exhibited a positive DAT. All other secondary variables which could reflect hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) fell within normal range; this suggests that no HTRs occurred. Most adverse events were of mild intensity; two subjects experienced dyspnea, leading to the withdrawal from the study of one subject.CONCLUSION: Universal plasma was equivalent to ABO‐matched plasma with respect to safety and tolerability. Eliminating the risk of ABO incompatibility, this universal plasma represents an advance over blood group–specific plasma.
A new platelet alloantigen, Swia, located on glycoprotein Ia identified in a family with fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kroll Hartmut , Feldmann Korinna , Zwingel Claudia , Hoch Jochen , Bald Rainer , Bein Gregor , Bayat Behnaz , Santoso Sentot 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a bleeding disorder caused by transplacental passage of maternal antibodies to fetuses whose platelets (PLTs) express the corresponding human PLT antigen (HPA).STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS: We observed a fetus with FNAIT who died from a severe intracranial hemorrhage. Analysis of maternal serum in antigen capture assay with paternal PLTs showed reactivity with PLT glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa (αIIbβ3) and GPIa/IIa (α2β1 integrin), indicating the presence of anti‐HPA‐1a and an additional alloantibody against GPIa (termed anti‐Swia).RESULTS: By immunochemical studies, the localization of the Swia antigen on GPIa/IIa could be confirmed. Analysis of paternal GPIa full‐length cDNA showed a single‐nucleotide substitution C3347T in Exon 28 resulting in a Thr1087Met amino acid substitution. Testing of family members by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism using MslI endonuclease showed perfect correlation with phenotyping. Extended family and population studies showed that 4 of 10 members of the paternal family but none of 500 unrelated blood donors were Swia carriers. Expression studies on allele‐specific transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells confirmed that the single‐amino‐acid substitution Thr1087Met was responsible for the formation of the Swia epitope. Adhesion of CHO cells expressing the Swia alloantigen to immobilized collagens was not impaired compared to the wild‐type control and was not inhibited by anti‐Swia alloantibodies.CONCLUSION: In this study we defined a new PLT alloantigen Swia that was involved in a case of additional immunization against HPA‐1a. Our observations demonstrate that combinations of PLT‐specific alloantibodies may comprise low‐frequency alloantigens.
Extended red blood cell antigen matching for transfusions in sickle cell disease: a review of a 14‐year experience from a single center (CME)
Authors: LaSalle‐Williams Michele , Nuss Rachelle , Le Tuan , Cole Laura , Hassell Kathy , Murphy James R. , Ambruso Daniel R. 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Alloimmunization to red blood cell (RBC) blood group antigens is a major complication for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), which limits the usefulness of RBC transfusion. Here, we report our experiences with extended RBC antigen matching for SCD patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Records for 99 SCD patients transfused only with the extended matching protocol between 1993 and 2006 were reviewed. Patients and donors were phenotyped for 20 blood group antigens and RBC units that were negative for antigens not expressed by the recipient were provided. When necessary, mismatches were allowed at Lea, Leb, Fyb, and MNSs to meet requirements for antigens regarded as the most clinically significant. Matched RBC units (6946) were provided to 99 patients (mean, 70 units/patient; range, 1‐519 units/patient). Eliminating mismatches, 90% of the transfusions matched all other negative antigens.RESULTS: Seven alloantibodies were detected in seven patients resulting in 7% alloimmunized at a rate of 0.1 antibodies per 100 units transfused. Three recipients who developed antibodies were D mosaic and would have been mistyped with serologic techniques. Alloimmunization was decreased compared to ABO and/or D matching at our institution and others. Twelve autoantibodies and no severe hemolytic transfusion reactions were reported.CONCLUSION: Exact matching for ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Kidd, and Fya and extending this match whenever possible is an effective strategy to reduce alloimmunization to RBC antigens. Consideration should be given to exploring this conclusion further with a controlled, multi‐institutional trial to determine efficacy, cost‐benefit analysis, and reproducibility of this approach.
Establishing assay cutoffs for HLA antibody screening of apheresis donors
Authors: Carrick Danielle M. , Norris Philip J. , Endres Robert O. , Pandey Suchitra , Kleinman Steven H. , Wright David , Sun Yu , Busch Michael P. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II)
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion‐related deaths. Donor HLA antibodies have been implicated in TRALI cases. Blood centers are implementing TRALI risk reduction strategies based on HLA antibody screening of some subpopulations of ever‐pregnant apheresis platelet (PLT) donors. However, if screening assay cutoffs are too sensitive, donation loss may adversely impact blood availability.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Pregnancy history and HLA antibody screening and single‐antigen bead data from blood donors in the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II Leukocyte Antibody Prevalence Study were evaluated for correlations between assay screening values, HLA antibody titer, and number of HLA antigen specificities. The probabilities of matching a cognate antigen in a recipient were calculated and examined in association with total number of specificities observed and screening values. The relative impact of imposing various screening assay cutoffs or pregnancy stratification was examined in relation to detection of HLA antibody–reactive donations and loss of donors and donations.RESULTS: We provide evidence that higher HLA antibody screening assay values are associated with maintaining higher screening signals upon dilution and an increased breadth of specificities compared with lower screening values; the latter correlated with an increased risk of a cognate antigen match in potential recipients. Depending on the TRALI risk reduction strategy used, the potential loss of donations ranged between 0.9 and 6.0%.CONCLUSION: This analysis should enable blood centers to decide upon a TRALI risk reduction strategy for apheresis PLTs that is consistent with how much donation loss the blood center can tolerate.
The low viability of human CD34+ cells under acidic conditions is improved by exposure to thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, interleukin‐3, or increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels
Authors: D'Atri Lina Paola , Etulain Julia , Romaniuk María Albertina , Torres Oscar , Negrotto Soledad , Schattner Mirta 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: Transplanted hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+) have shown great promise in regenerative medicine. However, the therapeutic potential of transplanted cells is limited by their poor viability. It is well known that the microenvironment in which progenitors reside substantially affects their behavior. Because extracellular acidosis is a common feature of injured tissues or the tumor microenvironment and is a critical regulator of cell survival and activation, we evaluated the impact of acidosis on CD34+ cell biology.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and binding of annexin V, hypodiploid cells, Bcl‐xL expression, active caspase‐3, and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by flow cytometry. Colony‐forming units were studied by clonogenic assays, and cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Exposure of CD34+ cells to low pH (7.0‐6.5) caused intracellular acidification, decreased cell proliferation, and triggered apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Whereas exposure to thrombopoietin (TPO), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)‐3 or increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels prevented CD34+ cell death induced by acidic conditions, granulocyte‐macrophage–colony‐stimulating factor, FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3‐ligand, erythropoietin, and vascular endothelial growth factor had no effect. Despite their cytoprotective effect, CD34+ cell expansion triggered by TPO, SCF, or IL‐3 was significantly impaired at low pH. However, a cocktail of these three cytokines synergistically supported proliferation, cell cycle progression, and colony formation.DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that an acidic milieu is deleterious for CD34+ cells and that a combination of certain cytokines and cAMP donors may improve cell viability and function. These data may be useful to develop new therapeutic strategies or to optimize protocols for regenerative medicine.
Barriers to blood donation in African communities in Australia: the role of home and host country culture and experience
Authors: Polonsky Michael Jay , Renzaho André M.N. , Brijnath Bianca 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND: An influx of African migrants and refugees can strain a host country's blood services, because often migrants have unique blood needs that cannot be sourced from local donors. To increase blood donation by the new migrants, host country blood services need to understand how blood and blood donations are viewed by immigrant communities, because recruitment models that are not culturally adapted may have limited success.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine focus groups representing a cross‐section of Australian‐based African communities were conducted in multiple languages, facilitated by bilingual workers. The qualitative protocol was guided by the literature on blood donation by African migrants and communities in Africa. Thematic analysis identified the relevance of issues previously included in the literature and whether other issues facilitated or prohibited blood donation.RESULTS: Home country cultural issues were not generally raised as barriers to donation, and respondents were positively disposed toward donation. Home country experiences shaped respondents' views in Australia. Participants focused on assisting “individuals in need,” rather than giving to a blood service that many viewed with suspicion because of issues in their home country. There was a lack of knowledge about the donation process in Australia. More importantly, respondents perceived that their blood would not be wanted, based on a perception of host country mistrust and discrimination.CONCLUSION: Developing an intervention that encourages migrants to donate blood needs to be culturally focused. It appears that addressing perceptions based on home country experiences is essential. Overcoming a general perception of discrimination is beyond any blood service, but there can be an attempt to ensure that blood donation is seen as an inclusive process—blood from everyone, for everyone.