bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Activating and Inhibitory Signal from an Inhibitory Receptor LMIR3/CLM-1: LMIR3 Augments Lipopolysaccharide Response through Association with FcRγ in Mast Cells
Authors: Izawa Kumi , Kitaura Jiro , Yamanishi Yoshinori , Matsuoka Takayuki , Kaitani Ayako , Sugiuchi Masahiro , Takahashi Mariko , Maehara Akie , Enomoto Yutaka , Oki Toshihiko , Takai Toshiyuki , Kitamura Toshio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Leukocyte mono-Ig-like receptor 3 (LMIR3) is an inhibitory receptor mainly expressed in myeloid cells. Coengagement of FcεRI and LMIR3 impaired cytokine production in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) induced by FcεRI crosslinking alone. Mouse LMIR3 possesses five cytoplasmic tyrosine residues (Y241, Y276, Y289, Y303, Y325), among which Y241 and Y289 (Y241/289) or Y325 fit the consensus sequence of ITIM or immunotyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM), respectively. The inhibitory effect was abolished by the replacement of Y325 in addition to Y241/289 with phenylalanine (Y241/189/325/F) in accordance with the potential of Y241/289/325 to cooperatively recruit Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP)-1 or SHP-2. Intriguingly, LMIR3 crosslinking alone induced cytokine production in BMMCs expressing LMIR3 (Y241/276/289/303/325F) mutant as well as LMIR3 (Y241/289/325F). Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that LMIR3 associated with ITAM-containing FcRγ. Analysis of FcRγ-deficient BMMCs demonstrated that both Y276/303 and FcRγ played a critical role in the activating function of this inhibitory receptor. Importantly, LMIR3 crosslinking enhanced cytokine production of BMMCs stimulated by LPS, while suppressing production stimulated by other TLR agonists or stem cell factor. Thus, an inhibitory receptor LMIR3 has a unique property to associate with FcRγ and thereby functions as an activating receptor in concert with TLR4 stimulation.
Pathogen-Induced Interleukin-1β Processing and Secretion Is Regulated by a Biphasic Redox Response
Authors: Tassi Sara , Carta Sonia , Vené Roberta , Delfino Laura , Ciriolo Maria Rosa , Rubartelli Anna 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
In this study, we show that IL-1β processing and secretion induced by pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules in human monocytes is regulated by a biphasic redox event including a prompt oxidative stress and a delayed antioxidant response. Namely, PAMPs induce an early generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by increase of intracellular thioredoxin and release of reduced cysteine: this antioxidant phase is paralleled by secretion of mature IL-1β. ROS production and antioxidant response are both required, because either inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and of thioredoxin reductase impair IL-1β secretion. These inhibitors also hinder cysteine release and consequently prevent reduction of the extracellular medium: addition of exogenous reducing agents restores IL-1β secretion. Not only silencing of thioredoxin, but also of the ROS scavenger superoxide dismutase 1 results in inhibition of IL-1β secretion. Thus, PAMP-induced ROS trigger an antioxidant response involving intracellular redox enzymes and release of cysteine, ultimately required for IL-1β processing and secretion.
Targeted Liposomal Delivery of TLR9 Ligands Activates Spontaneous Antitumor Immunity in an Autochthonous Cancer Model
Authors: Hamzah Juliana , Altin Joseph G. , Herringson Thomas , Parish Christopher R. , Hämmerling Günter J. , O'Donoghue Helen , Ganss Ruth 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAccessibility of tumors for highly effective local treatment represents a major challenge for anticancer therapy. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with CpG motifs are ligands of TLR9, which prime spontaneous antitumor immunity, but are less effective when applied systemically. We therefore developed a liposome-based agent for selective delivery of CpG-ODN into the tumor environment. A peptide that specifically targets angiogenic endothelial cells in a transgenic tumor model for islet cell carcinogenesis was engrafted into CpG-ODN containing liposomes. Intravenous injection of these liposomes resulted in specific accumulation around tumor vessels, increased uptake by tumor-resident macrophages, and retention over time. In contrast, nontargeted liposomes did not localize to the tumor vasculature. Consequently, only vascular targeting of CpG-ODN liposomes provoked a marked inflammatory response at vessel walls with enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell infiltration and, importantly, activation of spontaneous, tumor-specific cytotoxicity. In a therapeutic setting, 40% of tumor-bearing, transgenic mice survived beyond week 45 after systemic administration of vascular-directed CpG-ODN liposomes. In contrast, control mice survived up to 30 wk. Therapeutic efficacy was further improved by increasing the frequency of tumor-specific effector cells through adoptive transfers. NK cells and CD8+ T cells were major effectors which induced tumor cell death and acted in conjunction with antivascular effects. Thus, tumor homing with CpG-ODN-loaded liposomes is as potent as direct injection of free CpG-ODN and has the potential to overcome some major limitations of conventional CpG-ODN monotherapy.
TLR9 Activation Coupled to IL-10 Deficiency Induces Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Thaxton Jessica E. , Romero Roberto , Sharma Surendra 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPregnancy outcome is severely compromised by intrauterine infections and inflammation. Although the pregnant uterine microenvironment is replete with innate immune cells and TLR expression, the mechanisms that facilitate adverse effects of their activation are largely unknown. In this study, we mimic the activation of TLR9 with its pathogenic ligand hypomethylated CpG and demonstrate that IL-10 proficiency protects against CpG-induced pregnancy complications. We show that fetal resorption and preterm birth are rapidly induced in IL-10−/− mice by low doses of CpG (∼25 μg/mouse) when injected i.p. on gestational day 6 or gestational day 14, respectively. In contrast, wild-type mice failed to experience such effects at comparable doses, but pups born at term displayed craniofacial/limb defects in response to higher doses (∼400 μg/mouse). Pregnancy complications in IL-10−/− mice were associated with unexpected and robust TLR9-triggered activation and amplification of uterine neutrophil and macrophage subpopulations followed by their migration to the placental zone. Furthermore, a dramatic increase in serum levels of mouse KC and TNF-α production by uterine F4/80+ cells, but not uterine NK or Gr-1+CD11b+ cells, was observed. Depletion of F4/80+ macrophages or neutralization of TNF-α rescued pregnancy to term. Our results have important implications for IL-10-mediated “uterine tolerance” against CpG-driven innate immune activation.
Immunomodulatory Function of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Fiorina Paolo , Jurewicz Mollie , Augello Andrea , Vergani Andrea , Dada Shirine , La Rosa Stefano , Selig Martin , Godwin Jonathan , Law Kenneth , Placidi Claudia , Smith R. Neal , Capella Carlo , Rodig Scott , Adra Chaker N. , Atkinson Mark , Sayegh Mohamed H. , Abdi Reza 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Human clinical trials in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are presently underway without prior validation in a mouse model for the disease. In response to this void, we characterized bone marrow-derived murine MSC for their ability to modulate immune responses in the context of T1D, as represented in NOD mice. In comparison to NOD mice, BALB/c-MSC mice were found to express higher levels of the negative costimulatory molecule PD-L1 and to promote a shift toward Th2-like responses in treated NOD mice. In addition, transfer of MSC from resistant strains (i.e., nonobese resistant mice or BALB/c), but not from NOD mice, delayed the onset of diabetes when administered to prediabetic NOD mice. The number of BALB/c-MSC trafficking to the pancreatic lymph nodes of NOD mice was higher than in NOD mice provided autologous NOD-MSC. Administration of BALB/c-MSC temporarily resulted in reversal of hyperglycemia in 90% of NOD mice (p = 0.002). Transfer of autologous NOD-MSC imparted no such therapeutic benefit. We also noted soft tissue and visceral tumors in NOD-MSC-treated mice, which were uniquely observed in this setting (i.e., no tumors were present with BALB/c- or nonobese resistant mice-MSC transfer). The importance of this observation remains to be explored in humans, as inbred mice such as NOD may be more susceptible to tumor formation. These data provide important preclinical data supporting the basis for further development of allogeneic MSC-based therapies for T1D and, potentially, for other autoimmune disorders.
Treatment with a C5aR Antagonist Decreases Pathology and Enhances Behavioral Performance in Murine Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Fonseca Maria I. , Ager Rahasson R. , Chu Shu-Hui , Yazan Ozkan , Sanderson Sam D. , LaFerla Frank M. , Taylor Stephen M. , Woodruff Trent M. , Tenner Andrea J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related dementia, characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss in the brain. Components of the complement system, known to produce a local inflammatory reaction, are associated with the plaques and tangles in AD brain, and thus a role for complement-mediated inflammation in the acceleration or progression of disease has been proposed. A complement activation product, C5a, is known to recruit and activate microglia and astrocytes in vitro by activation of a G protein-coupled cell-surface C5aR. Here, oral delivery of a cyclic hexapeptide C5a receptor antagonist (PMX205) for 2–3 mo resulted in substantial reduction of pathological markers such as fibrillar amyloid deposits (49–62%) and activated glia (42–68%) in two mouse models of AD. The reduction in pathology was correlated with improvements in a passive avoidance behavioral task in Tg2576 mice. In 3xTg mice, PMX205 also significantly reduced hyperphosphorylated tau (69%). These data provide the first evidence that inhibition of a proinflammatory receptor-mediated function of the complement cascade (i.e., C5aR) can interfere with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD rodent models, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for reducing pathology and improving cognitive function in human AD patients.
Crystallization and Grain Growth Kinetics for Precipitation‐Based Ceramics: A Case Study on Amorphous Ceria Thin Films from Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Rupp Jennifer L. M. , Scherrer Barbara , Harvey Ashley S. , Gauckler Ludwig J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe introductory part reviews the impact of thin film fabrication, precipitation versus vacuum‐based methods, on the initial defect state of the material and microstructure evolution to amorphous, biphasic amorphous‐nanocrystalline, and fully nanocrystalline metal oxides. In this study, general rules for the kinetics of nucleation, crystallization, and grain growth of a pure single‐phase metal oxide thin film made by a precipitation‐based technique from a precursor with one single organic solvent are discussed. For this a complete case study on the isothermal and non‐isothermal microstructure evolution of dense amorphous ceria thin films fabricated by spray pyrolysis is conducted. A general model is established and comparison of these thin film microstructure evolution to kinetics of classical glass‐ceramics or metallic glasses is presented. Knowledge on thermal microstructure evolution of originally amorphous precipitation‐based metal oxide thin films allows for their introduction and distinctive microstructure engineering in devices‐based on microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology such as solar cells, capacitors, sensors, micro‐solid oxide fuel cells, or oxygen separation membranes on Si‐chips.
Perfumery quaternary diagrams for engineering perfumes
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. , Rodríguez Oscar , Mata Vera G. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Perfumery Ternary Diagram (PTD®) methodology predicts the headspace odor character and intensity of fragrant mixtures, applying the concept of odor value (OV) to multi‐component systems. This methodology is extended here to quaternary and quinary odorant systems through the use of tetrahedric diagrams. To present this new methodology, the effect of different base notes in quaternary systems of the type (limonene + geraniol + base note + ethanol) and its forming ternary subsystems has been studied. Base notes selected were: vanillin, tonalide, ambrox, and galaxolide. The Perfumery Quaternary Diagrams (PQD) of the mixtures studied show the different headspace odor character, with ambrox and galaxolide dominating most of the composition spectrum (OVmax). The methodology was also applied to the quinary mixture (limonene + geraniol + vanillin + tonalide + ethanol), and the effect of different concentrations of tonalide on the headspace is presented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Practical methods for measuring the tortuosity of porous materials from binary or gray‐tone tomographic reconstructions
Authors: Gommes Cedric J. , Bons Anton‐Jan , Blacher Silvia , Dunsmuir John H. , Tsou Andy H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo practical methods are proposed to measure the tortuosity of a porous or permeable material from its tomographic reconstruction. The first method is based on the direct measurement of the shortest distance between two points in the pores, and the second is based on the geodesic reconstruction of the pore or permeation space. Unlike the first method, the second can be directly applied to gray‐tone tomograms, without the need of a segmentation step. The methods are illustrated with an electron tomogram of clay/plastic nanocomposite, an X‐ray microtomogram of sandstone, and a series of model morphologies consisting of penetrable random spheres. For the latter series, the measured tortuosities compare very well with those derived independently from the theoretical effective diffusion coefficients. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Modeling of velocity distribution among microchannels with triangle manifolds
Authors: Pan Minqiang , Tang Yong , Yu Hao , Chen Hongqing 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA model of velocity distribution among microchannels with triangle manifolds is proposed. According to the flow behaviors analyzed by Fluent, the manifolds are divided into several approximate rectangular channels, and then an equivalent simplified resistance network model is developed to establish the relationships between the velocities and pressure drops in microchannels and approximate rectangular channels. The velocity distributions are calculated under two situations, respectively, considering and ignoring singular losses. The outcomes of the present study are compared with Fluent's simulated results to analyze the effects of singular losses on the velocity distributions. It indicates that the proposed model is suitable for the calculation of velocity distribution among microchannels with obtuse angled or right triangle manifolds under low Reynolds numbers. The premise of ignoring singular losses is that the frictional pressure drops are three times larger than the singular pressure drops in each flow loop. The manifold optimization results indicate that the velocity distribution among microchannels with right triangle manifolds is much more uniform than that of the corresponding one with obtuse angled manifolds. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 55: 1969–1982, 2009
Snap‐off of a liquid drop immersed in another liquid flowing through a constricted capillary
Authors: Peña T. J. , Carvalho M. S. , Alvarado V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEmulsions are encountered at different stages of oil production processes, often impacting many aspects of oilfield operations. Emulsions may form as oil and water come in contact inside the reservoir rock, valves, pumps, and other equipments. Snap‐off is a possible mechanism to explain emulsion formation in two‐phase flow in porous media. Quartz capillary tubes with a constriction (pore neck) served to analyze snap‐off of long (“infinite”) oil droplets as a function of capillary number and oil‐water viscosity ratio. The flow of large oil drops through the constriction and the drop break‐up process were visualized using an optical microscope. Snap‐off occurrence was mapped as a function of flow parameters. High oil viscosity suppresses the breakup process, whereas snap‐up was always observed at low dispersed‐phase viscosity. At moderate viscosity oil/water ratio, snap‐off was observed only at low capillary number. Mechanistic explanations based on competing forces in the liquid phases were proposed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Behavioral patterns of drop impingement onto rigid substrates with a wide range of wettability and different surface temperatures
Authors: Li Xiying , Ma Xuehu , Lan Zhong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article concerns behavioral patterns of droplet impingement onto solid substrates covering a wide range of wettability from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic surfaces heated at different temperatures. For droplet impingement onto partial hydrophobic surfaces (mirror‐polished Cu substrate), the maximum heights of receding droplet undergoing a consecutive increment with surface temperature can be explained taking account of Marangoni flow. Also, the relation to predict the increment of droplet heights with surface temperature was manifested in the light of lubrication approximation combined with energy conservation. However, this relation is only valid for droplet impacts onto partial hydrophobic surface, because the recoiling droplet height was observed to be independent of surface temperature for both hydrophilic and superhydrophobic targets. This phenomenon was attributed to inherent wettability accompanying larger contact angle hysteresis for the hydrophilic substrate and to the presence of an adiabatic gas layer between the composite surface and impacting droplet, for the superhydrophobic target. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Saliva of the graminivorous Theropithecus gelada lacks proline‐rich proteins and tannin‐binding capacity
Authors: Mau Marcus , Südekum Karl‐Heinz , Johann Achim , Sliwa Alexander , Kaiser Thomas M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGelada baboons are the sole survivors of the genus Theropithecus and the only known graminivorous primates. They developed special adaptations to their diet such as high‐crowned teeth for processing hard and abrasive feed. The fine‐tuning of salivary protein composition might be another key mechanism that is used by species for adapting to the environment and competing with rivals for exploiting new ecological niches. In order to test whether gelada (graminivorous) and hamadryas baboons (omnivorous) differ in their salivary protein composition, we compared whole saliva samples of captive Theropithecus gelada and Papio hamadryas using gel electrophoresis and tannin‐binding assay. We hypothesized that the amount of proline‐rich salivary proteins with tannin‐binding capacity is higher in baboons consuming a feed with high dicot/monocot rations. Dicots produce tannins as a chemical defense system, discouraging animals from eating them. In contrast to dicots, monocots do not synthesize tannins. The presence of tannin‐binding proteins in saliva should effectively inactivate the dicot tannin‐based defense mechanism and increase the dietary breadth and/or the capability to switch between monocots and dicot leaves. The lack of such tannin‐binding proteins in saliva would indicate a narrow dietary spectrum more restricted to monocots.We found T. gelada to completely lack proline‐rich proteins (PRPs) and tannin‐binding capacity similar to a great variety of other grazing mammals. In contrast, P. hamadryas does possess PRPs with tannin‐binding activity. The findings support a growing body of evidence suggesting a high‐level specialization of T. gelada to grass diets. However, it remains unclear, whether loss of salivary tannin‐binding capacity drove the gelada into its narrow feeding niche, or whether this loss is the result of a long process of increased specialization. Thus, from an ecological point of view, T. gelada appears to be more vulnerable to environmental changes than other baboon species owing to its narrow dietary traits. Am. J. Primatol. 71:663–669, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease: An update
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Feldmann Edward , Gomez Camilo R. , Johnston S. Claiborne , Kasner Scott E. , Quick Donald C. , Rasmussen Peter A. , Suri M. Fareed K. , Taylor Robert A. , Zaidat Osama O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe consensus conference on intracranial atherosclerosis provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature relevant to the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of intracranial atherosclerosis, and identifies principles of management and research priorities. Patients who have suffered a stroke or transient ischemic attack attributed to stenosis (50–99%) of a major intracranial artery face a 12 to 14% risk for subsequent stroke during the 2‐year period after the initial ischemic event, despite treatment with antithrombotic medications. The annual risk for subsequent stroke may exceed 20% in high‐risk groups. In patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease, short‐term and long‐term anticoagulation is not superior to antiplatelet treatment. Overall, the subgroup analyses from randomized trials provide evidence about benefit of aggressive atherogenic risk factor management. Intracranial angioplasty with or without stent placement has evolved as a therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease, particularly those with high‐grade stenosis with recurrent ischemic symptoms, medication failure, or both. A multicenter randomized trial is currently under way to compare stent placement with intense medical management for patients with high‐grade symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Ann Neurol 2009;66:730–738
Modification of natural polymer via free radical graft copolymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid in aqueous media and study of swelling and metal ion sorption behavior
Authors: Srivastava Arti , Behari Kunj 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the present article, the graft copolymer of xanthan gum with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was synthesized using potassium bromate/ascorbic acid as a redox initiator in aqueous medium; reaction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum % grafting ratio (%G). The optimum concentration of BrO ion, ascorbic acid, H+ ion, and AMPS for maximum %G were 8.0 × 10−3, 2.8 × 10−3, 4.0 × 10−3, and 33.2 × 10−3 mol dm−3, respectively. The maximum %G (433.0) occurred at a minimum concentration of xanthan gum, i.e., 0.6 g dm−3. The optimum time duration and temperature of the reaction for maximum % of grafting were 180 min and 45°C, respectively. The graft copolymer was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The thermal analysis of xanthan gum and prepared graft copolymer was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere to study their thermal behavior. It was observed that the PDT (polymer decomposition temperature) of graft copolymer is lower than that of xanthan gum, whereas the IPDT (integral procedural decomposition temperature) of graft copolymer is higher than that of xanthan gum, making the former more thermally stable. The swelling and metal ion sorption capability of graft copolymer was investigated. The metal ion sorption behavior of graft copolymer was studied for five metal ions (Cu++, Ni++, Zn++, Pb++, Hg++). Our results show that the grafted sample absorbs a good amount of water and the metal ion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009