bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed Atmospheric Responses to Global SST Variability Modes: A Unified Assessment Using GEFA*
Authors: Wen Na , Liu Zhengyu , Liu Qinyu , Frankignoul Claude 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The authors present a comprehensive assessment of the observed atmospheric response to SST variability modes in a unified approach using the Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Analysis (GEFA). This study confirms a dominant atmospheric response to the tropical SST variability associated with ENSO. A further analysis shows that the classical response to ENSO consists of two parts, one responding to the tropical Pacific ENSO mode and the other to the tropical Indian Ocean monopole (IOM) mode. The Pacific ENSO generates a significant baroclinic Rossby wave response locally over the tropical Pacific as well as equivalent barotropic wave train responses remotely into the extratropics. The IOM mode forces a strongly zonally symmetric response throughout the tropics and the extratropics. Furthermore, modest atmospheric responses to other oceanic modes were identified. For example, the North Pacific SST variability mode appears to generate an equivalent barotropic warm SST-ridge response locally over the Aleutian low with significant downstream influence on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), whereas the North Atlantic tripole SST mode tends to force a local response on NAO. Finally, this pilot study serves as a demonstration of the potential utility of GEFA in identifying multiple surface feedbacks to the atmosphere in the observation.
Dosing up on food and physical activity: New Zealand children’s ideas about ‘health’
Authors: Burrows Lisette , Wright Jan , McCormack Jaleh 
Published: September 2009

Objective To investigate New Zealand children’s understandings of ‘health’. Design Secondary analysis of student responses to a task called ‘Being Healthy’ in New Zealand’s National Education Monitoring Project. Setting Year 4 (8—9 year-old) and Year 8 (12—13 year-old) students who took part in New Zealand’s National Education Monitoring for Health and Physical Education in 2002. Method Coding of student responses using NVivo qualitative analysis package. Results Students reiterated messages widely promulgated in popular and professional mediums. Students predominantly conceived of health as a corporeal matter, citing eating, exercise and hygiene practices as the most important health promoting behaviours. Conclusion Students could usefully be encouraged to adopt socially critical understandings of what health might entail and broader, more holistic conceptualizations of health beyond matters of the ‘body’ alone.
The effects of training medical students in motivational interviewing
Authors: Opheim Arild , Andreasson Sven , Eklund Astri Brandell , Prescott Peter 
Published: September 2009

Objective To explore the effects of brief training in Motivational interviewing (MI) for medical students. Design Video recordings of consultations between 113 final-year medical students and simulated patients were scored blind by two independent raters with the Motivational Interviewing Skill Code (MISC). Half of the students participated in a four-hour motivational interviewing workshop while the other half did not. Results Differences between the two groups were statistically significant for five of six global MISC variables. All differences were in the expected direction, with higher scores in the group that had received MI training. There were also statistically significant group differences in the expected direction on several behavioural measures. The group that received MI training asked fewer closed questions and more open questions; they summarized, affirmed and emphasized patient control more often, and directed and confronted less often. Conclusion Four hours of training has a measurable effect on medical students’ style and verbal behaviour in simulated patient consultations, but is not sufficient to become proficient in motivational interviewing.
What do acute stroke physiotherapists do to treat postural control and mobility? An exploration of the content of therapy in the UK
Authors: Tyson Sarah F , Connell Louise , Busse Monica , Lennon Sheila 
Published: September 2009

Objective: To investigate the content of acute stroke physiotherapy to treat postural control and mobility problems. Design: Stroke physiotherapists recorded the interventions used to treat postural control and mobility during treatment sessions. They recorded five sessions for at least five patients each. Descriptive statistics assessed the frequency with which the interventions were used. Setting: Hospital-based acute stroke care. Subjects: Thirty-six acute stroke physiotherapists recorded 2374 interventions in 364 treatment sessions for 76 patients. Main measures: The Stroke Physiotherapy Intervention Recording Tool. Results: Facilitation techniques were the most frequently used interventions (n = 1258, 53%) with exercise (n = 115, 5%), teaching others how to help the patient (n = 99, 4%) and provision of equipment (n = 63, 3%) the least frequently used. Conclusions: Acute stroke physiotherapists primarily use therapist-led ‘hands-on’ interventions to treat postural control and mobility problems. Interventions to promote activity or practice outside the treatment session are infrequently used.
Effects of Nordic Walking training on exercise capacity and fitness in men participating in early, short-term inpatient cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome — a controlled trial
Authors: Kocur Piotr , Deskur-Śmielecka Ewa , Wilk Małgorzata , Dylewicz Piotr 
Published: September 2009

Objective: To investigate the effects of Nordic Walking training supplemental to a standard, early rehabilitation programme on exercise capacity and physical fitness in men after an acute coronary syndrome. Design: A controlled trial. Setting: Cardiac rehabilitation service of a provincial hospital. Subjects: Eighty men 2—3 weeks after an acute coronary syndrome, with good exercise tolerance. Interventions: Three-week, inpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme (control group) supplemented with Nordic Walking (Nordic Walking group), or with traditional walking training (walking training group). Main measures: Exercise capacity was assessed as peak energy cost (in metabolic equivalents) in symptom-limited treadmill exercise test, and physical fitness with the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test. Results: Exercise capacity after the rehabilitation programme was higher in the Nordic Walking group than in the control group (10.8 ± 1.8 versus 9.2 ± 2.2 metabolic equivalents, P =0.025). The improvement in exercise capacity in the Nordic Walking group was higher than in the control group (1.8 ± 1.5 versus 0.7 ± 1.4 metabolic equivalents, P =0.002). In contrast to the control group, the results of all components of the Fullerton test improved in the Nordic Walking and walking training groups. After the programme, lower body endurance, and dynamic balance were significantly better in the Nordic Walking group in comparison with the walking training and control groups, and upper body endurance was significantly better in the Nordic Walking and walking training groups than in the control group. Conclusions: Nordic Walking may improve exercise capacity, lower body endurance and coordination of movements in patients with good exercise tolerance participating in early, short-term rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome.
Olive Entrepreneurship in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Alonso Abel D. 
Published: September 2009

New Zealand's olive-growing industry has experienced continuous development in recent years; recent reports and success stories not only indicate progress achieved in quantity, but also, and more importantly, in quality. However, to date, research on this industry and particularly from entrepreneurs’ perspective is very limited. For example, little is known about the business goals of olive growers, or challenges they may face while developing their olive groves. The present case study explores these dimensions of olive growing in New Zealand using a quantitative approach. The findings demonstrate the very developmental stage the olive growers are undergoing, as well as several challenges, including marketing issues, that are limiting the further development of olive growers’ operations. Implications include the need to strengthen marketing efforts of the olive oil product, both at a domestic and at an international level, particularly in view of the potential future increase of olive oil production in New Zealand.
Village Panchayats’ Common Lands
Authors: Malik Ajmer S. 
Published: September 2009

The statutory authority pertaining to management of common lands lies with the state legislatures and administrations, which enact and effect laws pertaining to the subject of land including common lands. Hence, Haryana State has adopted ‘The Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act 1961.' The Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Rules 1964 (for Haryana) provides an account of comprehensive details of various kinds of provisions necessary for regulating and managing the common lands in the state. Some relevant provisions to this effect are also made there in the Haryana Panchayati Raj Act-1994. It is concluded that there is complete control of the State Government in managing the village common lands of the state. The State Government possesses all requisite executive and administrative powers for the said purpose. The executive authority vested in officials from secretariat to village levels enables the Government for effective management of shamlat land related affairs in the state. The Gram Panchayat is entrusted with the significant responsibility to perform all kinds of functions relating to the utilization, protection and preservation of these lands. But inspite of an effective constitutional arrangement, it is found that a large area of common land in the state has remained unutilized mainly because of the absence of resources and innovative ideas in this regard. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evolve a policy measure for improving the potentiality of common lands to earn more income for the village panchayts in the state.
TAPP2 links phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling to B-cell adhesion through interaction with the cytoskeletal protein utrophin: expression of a novel cell adhesion-promoting complex in B-cell leukemia
Authors: Costantini Jennifer L. , Cheung Samuel M. S. , Hou Sen , Li Hongzhao , Kung Sam K. , Johnston James B. , Wilkins John A. , Gibson Spencer B. , Marshall Aaron J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTandem pleckstrin homology domain proteins (TAPPs) are recruited to the plasma membrane via binding to phosphoinositides produced by phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Whereas PI3Ks are critical for B-cell activation, the functions of TAPP proteins in B cells are unknown. We have identified 40 potential interaction partners of TAPP2 in B cells, including proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement, signal transduction and endocytic trafficking. The association of TAPP2 with the cytoskeletal proteins utrophin and syntrophin was confirmed by Western blotting. We found that TAPP2, syntrophin, and utrophin are coexpressed in normal human B cells and B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. TAPP2 and syntrophin expression in B-CLL was variable from patient to patient, with significantly higher expression in the more aggressive disease subset identified by zeta-chain–associated protein kinase of 70 kDa (ZAP70) expression and unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes. We examined whether TAPP can regulate cell adhesion, a known function of utrophin/syntrophin in other cell types. Expression of membrane-targeted TAPP2 enhanced B-cell adhesion to fibronectin and laminin, whereas PH domain–mutant TAPP2 inhibited adhesion. siRNA knockdown of TAPP2 or utrophin, or treatment with PI3K inhibitors, significantly inhibited adhesion. These findings identify TAPP2 as a novel link between PI3K signaling and the cytoskeleton with potential relevance for leukemia progression.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after conditioning with 131I–anti-CD45 antibody plus fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation for elderly patients with advanced acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Pagel John M. , Gooley Theodore A. , Rajendran Joseph , Fisher Darrell R. , Wilson Wendy A. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Matthews Dana C. , Deeg H. Joachim , Gopal Ajay K. , Martin Paul J. , Storb Rainer F. , Press Oliver W. , Appelbaum Frederick R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe conducted a study to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 131I–anti-CD45 antibody (Ab; BC8) that can be combined with a standard reduced-intensity conditioning regimen before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Fifty-eight patients older than 50 years with advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were treated with 131I-BC8 Ab and fludarabine plus 2 Gy total body irradiation. Eighty-six percent of patients had AML or MDS with greater than 5% marrow blasts at the time of transplantation. Treatment produced a complete remission in all patients, and all had 100% donor-derived CD3+ and CD33+ cells in the blood by day 28 after the transplantation. The MTD of 131I-BC8 Ab delivered to liver was estimated to be 24 Gy. Seven patients (12%) died of nonrelapse causes by day 100. The estimated probability of recurrent malignancy at 1 year is 40%, and the 1-year survival estimate is 41%. These results show that CD45-targeted radiotherapy can be safely combined with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen to yield encouraging overall survival for older, high-risk patients with AML or MDS. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00008177.
Follicular lymphoma cells induce T-cell immunologic synapse dysfunction that can be repaired with lenalidomide: implications for the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy
Authors: Ramsay Alan G. , Clear Andrew J. , Kelly Gavin , Fatah Rewas , Matthews Janet , MacDougall Finlay , Lister T. Andrew , Lee Abigail M. , Calaminici Maria , Gribben John G. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
An important hallmark of cancer progression is the ability of tumor cells to evade immune recognition. Understanding the relationship between neoplastic cells and the immune microenvironment should facilitate the design of improved immunotherapies. Here we identify impaired T-cell immunologic synapse formation as an active immunosuppressive mechanism in follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We found a significant reduction in formation of the F-actin immune synapse in tumor-infiltrating T cells (P < .01) from lymphoma patients compared with age-matched healthy donor cells. Peripheral blood T cells exhibited this defect only in patients with leukemic-phase disease. Moreover, we demonstrate that this T-cell defect is induced after short-term tumor cell contact. After 24-hour coculture with FL cells, previously healthy T cells showed suppressed recruitment of critical signaling proteins to the synapse. We further demonstrate repair of this defect after treatment of both FL cells and T cells with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide. Tissue microarray analysis identified reduced expression of the T-cell synapse signature proteins, including the cytolytic effector molecule Rab27A associated with poor prognosis, in addition to reduced T-cell numbers and activity with disease transformation. Our results highlight the importance of identifying biomarkers and immunotherapeutic treatments for repairing T-cell responses in lymphoma.
Mutation of the H-bond acceptor S119 in the ADAMTS13 metalloprotease domain reduces secretion and substrate turnover in a patient with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Feys Hendrik B. , Pareyn Inge , Vancraenenbroeck Renee , De Maeyer Marc , Deckmyn Hans , Van Geet Chris , Vanhoorelbeke Karen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is caused by mutations in adisintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS13) resulting in defective processing of von Willebrand factor (VWF) that causes intravascular platelet aggregation culminating in thrombocytopenia with shistocytic anemia. In this study the functional and structural role of a recently identified ADAMTS13 metalloprotease domain mutation S119F was investigated. Secretion from heterologous cells was hampered but not completely eliminated. Secreted S119F was active toward multimeric VWF and FRETS-VWF73 but with abnormal kinetics, having a significantly reduced overall catalytic rate (kcat; 0.88 ± 0.04 s−1 vs 2.78 ± 0.11 s−1) and slightly smaller Michaelis constant (KM; 1.4 ± 0.2μM vs 2.3 ± 0.3μM). A computational model of the metalloprotease domain demonstrates both steric and polar interaction effects caused by S119F. Interestingly, mutant S119A has properties similar to S119F (kcat = 0.82 ± 0.03 s−1 and KM = 1.1 ± 0.1μM), allowing to assign distorted kinetics to the loss of the H-bond with conserved residue W262. We conclude that the S119-W262 H-bond is crucial for maximal turnover.
Anti-inflammatory effects of antibacterials on human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Zimmermann Gregor S , Neurohr Claus , Villena-Hermoza Heidrun , Hatz Rudolf , Behr Juergen 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Human Bronchial epithelial cells (hu-BEC) have been claimed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway diseases like COPD. In this context IL-8 and GM-CSF have been shown to be key cytokines. Some antibiotics which are routinely used to treat lower respiratory tract infections have been shown to exert additional immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether these effects can also be detected in hu-BEC.

Methods
Hu-BEC obtained from patients undergoing lung resections were transferred to air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture. These cultures were incubated with cefuroxime (CXM, 10-62.5 mg/l), azithromycin (AZM, 0.1-1.5 mg/l), levofloxacin (LVX, 1-8 mg/l) and moxifloxacin (MXF, 1-16 mg/l). The spontaneous and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) induced expression and release of IL-8 and GM-CSF were measured using PCR and ELISA in the absence or presence of these antibiotics.

Results
The spontaneous IL-8 and GM-CSF release was significantly reduced with MXF (8 mg/l) by 37 ± 20% and 45 ± 31%, respectively (both p < 0.01). IL-8 release in TNF-α stimulated hu-BEC decreased by 16 ± 8% (p < 0.05) with AZM (1.5 mg/l). With MXF a concentration dependent decrease of IL-8 release was noted up to 39 ± 7% (p < 0.05). GM-CSF release from TNF-α stimulated hu-BEC was maximally decreased by 35 ± 24% (p < 0.01) with MXF (4 mg/l).

Conclusion
Using ALI cultures of hu-BEC we observed differential effects of antibiotics on spontaneous and TNF-α induced cytokine release. Our data suggest that MXF and AZM, beyond bactericidal effects, may attenuate the inflammatory process mediated by hu-BEC.
MetaTM - a consensus method for transmembrane protein topology prediction
Authors: Klammer Martin , Messina David N , Schmitt Thomas , Sonnhammer Erik LL 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Transmembrane (TM) proteins are proteins that span a biological membrane one or more times. As their 3-D structures are hard to determine, experiments focus on identifying their topology (i. e. which parts of the amino acid sequence are buried in the membrane and which are located on either side of the membrane), but only a few topologies are known. Consequently, various computational TM topology predictors have been developed, but their accuracies are far from perfect. The prediction quality can be improved by applying a consensus approach, which combines results of several predictors to yield a more reliable result.

Results
A novel TM consensus method, named MetaTM, is proposed in this work. MetaTM is based on support vector machine models and combines the results of six TM topology predictors and two signal peptide predictors. On a large data set comprising 1460 sequences of TM proteins with known topologies and 2362 globular protein sequences it correctly predicts 86.7% of all topologies.

Conclusion
Combining several TM predictors in a consensus prediction framework improves overall accuracy compared to any of the individual methods. Our proposed SVM-based system also has higher accuracy than a previous consensus predictor. MetaTM is made available both as downloadable source code and as DAS server at http://MetaTM.sbc.su.se
Defects in cellular sorting and retroviral assembly induced by GGA overexpression
Authors: Joshi Anjali , Nagashima Kunio , Freed Eric O 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
We previously demonstrated that overexpression of Golgi-localized, γ-ear containing, Arf-binding (GGA) proteins inhibits retrovirus assembly and release by disrupting the function of endogenous ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs). GGA overexpression led to the formation of large, swollen vacuolar compartments, which in the case of GGA1 sequestered HIV-1 Gag.

Results
In the current study, we extend our previous findings to characterize in depth the GGA-induced compartments and the determinants for retroviral Gag sequestration in these structures. We find that GGA-induced structures are derived from the Golgi and contain aggresome markers. GGA overexpression leads to defects in trafficking of transferrin receptor and recycling of cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Additionally, we find that compartments induced by GGA overexpression sequester Tsg101, poly-ubiquitin, and, in the case of GGA3, Hrs. Interestingly, brefeldin A treatment, which leads to the dissociation of endogenous GGAs from membranes, does not dissociate the GGA-induced compartments. GGA mutants that are defective in Arf binding and hence association with membranes also induce the formation of GGA-induced structures. Overexpression of ubiquitin reverses the formation of GGA-induced structures and partially rescues HIV-1 particle production. We found that in addition to HIV-1 Gag, equine infectious anemia virus Gag is also sequestered in GGA1-induced structures. The determinants in Gag responsible for sequestration map to the matrix domain, and recruitment to these structures is dependent on Gag membrane binding.

Conclusion
These data provide insights into the composition of structures induced by GGA overexpression and their ability to disrupt endosomal sorting and retroviral particle production.
Quadruplex MAPH: improvement of throughput in high-resolution copy number screening
Authors: Tyson Jess , Majerus Tamsin MO , Walker Susan , Armour John AL 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Copy number variation (CNV) in the human genome is recognised as a widespread and important source of human genetic variation. Now the challenge is to screen for these CNVs at high resolution in a reliable, accurate and cost-effective way.

Results
Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridisation (MAPH) is a sensitive, high-resolution technology appropriate for screening for CNVs in a defined region, for a targeted population. We have developed MAPH to a highly multiplexed format ("QuadMAPH") that allows the user a four-fold increase in the number of loci tested simultaneously. We have used this method to analyse a genomic region of 210 kb, including the MSH2 gene and 120 kb of flanking DNA. We show that the QuadMAPH probes report copy number with equivalent accuracy to simplex MAPH, reliably demonstrating diploid copy number in control samples and accurately detecting deletions in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) samples.

Conclusion
QuadMAPH is an accurate, high-resolution method that allows targeted screening of large numbers of subjects without the expense of genome-wide approaches. Whilst we have applied this technique to a region of the human genome, it is equally applicable to the genomes of other organisms.