bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder among adults with medical disorders in Sweden
Authors: Månsson Anastasia , Danielsson Anna-Karin , Sjöqvist Hugo , Glatz Toivo , Lundin Andreas , Wallhed Finn Sara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Alcohol-attributable medical disorders are prevalent among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, there is a lack of research on prescriptions of pharmacological treatment for AUD in those with comorbid conditions. This study aims to investigate the utilization of pharmacological treatment (acamprosate, disulfiram and naltrexone) in specialist care among patients with AUD and comorbid medical diagnoses.

Methods
This was a descriptive register-based Swedish national cohort study including 132,728 adults diagnosed with AUD (N = 270,933) between 2007 and 2015. The exposure was alcohol-attributable categories of comorbid medical diagnoses. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using mixed-effect logistic regression analyses for any filled prescription of acamprosate, disulfiram or oral naltrexone within 12 months post AUD diagnosis.

Results
Individuals with comorbid alcohol-attributable medical diagnoses had lower odds of filling prescriptions for any type of AUD pharmacotherapy compared to those without such comorbidities. Cardiovascular (OR = 0.41 [95% CI: 0.39–0.43]), neurological (OR = 0.52 [95% CI: 0.48–0.56]) and gastrointestinal (OR = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.54–0.60]) diseases were associated with the lowest rates of prescription receipt. The presence of diagnoses which are contraindications to AUD pharmacotherapy did not fully explain the low prescription rate.

Conclusion
There is a substantial underutilization of AUD pharmacotherapy in patients with AUD and comorbid medical disorders in specialist care. Increasing the provision of pharmacotherapy to this group of patients is essential and may prevent morbidity and mortality. There is a need to further understand barriers to medical treatment both from the patient and prescriber perspective.
The incidence and factors associated with anemia in elective surgical patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wubet Habtie Bantider , Mengistu Lidya Haddis , Gobezie Negesse Zurbachew , Mekuriaw Begizew Yimenu , Mebratie Alemie Fentie , Sahile Wosenyeleh Admasu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Anemia is a frequently reported and commonly documented issue in intensive care units. In surgical intensive care units, more than 90% of patients are found to be anemic. It is a hematologic factor that contributes to extended mechanical ventilation, sepsis, organ failure, longer hospitalizations in critical care units, and higher mortality. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence and identify factors associated with anemia in elective surgical patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit.

Methods
A retrospective follow-up study involving 422 hospitalized patients was carried out between December 2019 and December 2022 in the surgical intensive care unit after elective surgery at Tikur-Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were gathered from the patients’ charts, and study participants were chosen using methods of systematic random sampling. SPSS 26 (the statistical software for social science, version 26) was used to analyze the data. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine associations between variables.

Results
The incidence of anemia in elective surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit was 69.9% (95% CI 65.4–74.5%). American Society of Anesthesiologists’ class III (ASA III) [AOR: 8.53, 95% CI 1.92–13.8], renal failure [AOR:2.53, 95% CI (1.91–5.81)], malignancy [AOR: 2.59, 95% CI (1.31–5.09)], thoracic surgery [AOR: 4.07, 95% CI (2.11–7.87)], urologic surgery [AOR: 6.22, 95% CI (2.80–13.80)], and neurosurgery [AOR: 4.51, 95% CI (2.53–8.03)] were significantly associated with anemia in surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Conclusion
More than two-thirds of the intensive care unit-admitted surgical patients experienced anemia. An American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA III score), renal failure, malignancy, thoracic surgery, urologic surgery, and neurosurgery were significantly associated with this condition. Early identification helps to institute preventive and therapeutic measures.
Modeling the economic cost of congestion in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
Authors: Gunjo Semen Bekele , Guta Dawit Diriba , Damene Shimeles 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRoad traffic which results in significant time lags, increased fuel consumption, and financial losses, remains a noteworthy challenge in developed and developing countries. As a result, the Ethiopian Government and the City Administration of Addis Ababa have built extensive road networks and imposed restrictions on driving, vehicle acquisition and parking. However, despite all these efforts, drivers and passengers waste significant time on long traffic queues, resulting in unpredictable and delayed travel. The current study investigated the cost of travel time delay, vehicle operating costs, time reliability, and the factors influencing these variables. The study used questionnaires, measurements, and traffic counting techniques to collect data from nine road segments. The sample comprised 3240 participants. The cost functions of both drivers and passengers were examined using a multiple linear regression model, with estimation performed using ordinary least squares. According to the findings, the economic costs of congestion depend on the number of lanes, the length of the road segment, the volume of traffic, and the respondents’ income level. The study also revealed that travel, vehicle operation, and unreliability costs account for 74%, 6%, and 20%, respectively, of the total congestion costs.
Prediction of resilience based on parenting and coping strategies in patients with psychosomatic disorders
Authors: Sobhani Sogand , Jamilian Hamidreza , Paknejad Iman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present research was conducted aiming at predicting the resilience based on parenting and coping strategies in patients with psychosomatic disorders. The statistical population of the present research consisted of all patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders who had visited medical clinics related to Medical Sciences (University) of Arak County in 2019-20. The statistical sample includes 347 women, aged 18 to 55 years-old, who were selected by available sampling. Data collection tool included Young parenting, Moss and Billings coping strategies questionnaire and Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that parenting (dependency, preoccupied/untransformed self) have a negative and significant relationship with resilience. Coping strategies focused on emotion, coping focused on physical restraint or physicalization of problems have a negative and significant relationship with resilience and have a positive and significant relationship with coping strategies focused on problem-solving and coping focused on cognitive evaluation. According to the findings, it can be concluded that it is possible to pave the way for increasing resilience and preventing the development of psychosomatic disorders by creating suitable conditions during the childhood, improving parent-child relationships, and by strengthening coping strategies focused on problem-solving and coping focused on cognitive evaluation.
A vulnerability evaluation method of earthen sites based on entropy weight-TOPSIS and K-means clustering
Authors: Peng Ningbo , Zhang Chaokai , Zhu Ye , Zhang Yue , Sun Bo , Wang Fengrui , Huang Jizhong , Wu Tong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The degradation of earthen sites due to natural and human factors has become a pressing issue, necessitating urgent protection measures. In this context, accurate assessment of the vulnerability of earthen sites is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation framework that incorporates multiple indicators is proposed. In particular, the entropy weight- (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) TOPSIS method is employed for quantitative vulnerability assessment and combined with K-means clustering to define vulnerability levels for earthen sites. To validate the proposed approach, the vulnerability of 29 sections of the Ming Great Wall is evaluated. Eventually, the 29 earthen sites are categorized into three levels: high, medium, and low, according to their degree of vulnerability. The results of gray correlation analysis and entropy weight-TOPSIS method are compared using the ontology missing amount in the original data as the validation standard. The results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient value of the entropy weight-TOPSIS method with the ontology missing amount was 0.859, while the Pearson correlation coefficient value of the gray correlation analysis method with the ontology missing amount was 0.691, so that the results of the entropy weight-TOPSIS method can more accurately reflect the actual vulnerability of earthen sites.
Influenza surveillance in pigs: balancing act between broad diagnostic coverage and specific virus characterization
Authors: Stadler Julia , Zwickl Sophia , Gumbert Sophie , Ritzmann Mathias , Lillie-Jaschniski Kathrin , Harder Timm , Graaf-Rau Annika , Skampardonis Vassilis , Eddicks Matthias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring of infectious diseases on swine farms requires a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the test system. Moreover, particularly in cases of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) it is desirable to include characterization of the virus as precisely as possible. This is indispensable for strategies concerning prophylaxis of swIAV and furthermore, to meet the requirements of a purposeful monitoring of newly emerging swIAV strains in terms of vaccine design and public health. Within the present cross-sectional study, we compared the diagnostic value of group samples (wipes of surfaces with direct contact to mouth/nose, dust wipes, udder skin wipes, oral fluids) to individual samples (nasal swabs, tracheobronchial swabs) for both swIAV identification and characterization. Sampling included different stages of pig production on 25 sow farms with attached nursery considered as enzootically infected with swIAV. Firstly, samples were analyzed for IAV genome and subsequently samples with Ct-values < 32 were subtyped by multiplex RT-qPCR.ResultsNasal swabs of suckling piglets and nursery pigs resulted in a higher odds to detect swIAV (p < 0.001) and to identify swIAV subtypes by RT-qPCR (p < 0.05) compared to nasal swabs of sows. In suckling piglets, significant higher rates of swIAV detection could be observed for nasal swabs (p = 0.007) and sow udder skin wipes (p = 0.036) compared to contact wipes. In the nursery, group sampling specimens were significantly more often swIAV positive compared to individual samples (p < 0.01), with exception of the comparison between contact wipes and nasal swabs (p = 0.181). However, in general nasal swabs were more likely to have Ct-value < 32 and thus, to be suitable for subtyping by RT-qPCR compared to dust wipes, contact wipes, udder skin wipes and tracheobronchial swabs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, different subtypes were found in different age groups as well as in different specimens in the same holding.ConclusionAlthough population-based specimens are highly effective for swIAV monitoring, nasal swabs are still the preferable sampling material for the surveillance of on-farm circulating strains due to significantly higher virus loads. Remarkably, sampling strategies should incorporate suckling piglets and different age groups within the nursery to cover as many as possible of the on-farm circulating strains.
EdTechnica: a vision of an educational publishing community of practice that is accessible, flexible, and just
Authors: Allman Bohdana , Kimmons Royce , Dickson-Deane Camille , Bozkurt Aras , Warr Melissa , Stefaniak Jill , Dash Monalisa , Bondah Fanny Eliza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOpen Educational Resources (OER) and Open Educational Practices (OEP) have the potential to transform and positively impact individuals, institutions, and society. As educators, we have a unique responsibility to explore opportunities and possibilities afforded by openness enabled by current technologies to reimagine and reshape current educational reality and provide a more hopeful and equitable future for all. EdTechnica is an openly licensed living encyclopedia that provides background information on central topics and theories in the field of educational technology. As an OER, EdTechnica extends the 5Rs of openness—retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute by also attending to the 3Rs of social justice—recognition, representation, and redistribution—bringing about a responsive product that reimagines what encyclopedias should be. Additionally, the governing board enacts principles of openness in its practice, striving for OEP in all its activities. This article explores how EdTechnica promotes knowledge creation and academic discourse by attending to key principles of openness in terms of ensuring accessibility, flexibility, justice, and sustainable generosity. Specific examples of OER/P in the EdTechnica context offer an insight into our practices and ambitions to improve the current educational landscape, illustrating what is possible at the intersection of justice, hope, and educational technology when we strive for openness and are guided by the values of sustainable generosity and sustainable improvement.
Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation: a systematic review of application for perioperative pain control in total knee arthroplasty and as treatment for chronic pain in well-appearing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Nnake Chidebelum O. , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Cooper H. John , Shah Roshan P. , Geller Jeffrey A. , Neuwirth Alexander L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a successful treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis, yet some patients still experience postoperative pain. Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA) has become a potential modality to address pain in TKA. This systematic review aims to critically analyze the applicability of GNRFA in perioperative pain control prior to TKA, as well as a treatment modality for chronic painful well-appearing TKA.

Methods
PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and COCHRANE databases, as well as the ClinicalTrials.gov register, were reviewed. The search included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. The sample population focused on two cohorts; those who underwent TKA and utilized intentional GNRFA as a perioperative pain control modality, and those utilizing the treatment modality for chronic pain in well-appearing TKA. GNRFA was the intervention studied, and postoperative outcomes were compared with the control group, which consisted of those not receiving GNRFA.

Result
Eight total publications were identified as relevant to this search. Among the pre-TKA studies, there was variability in results; these inconsistencies were attributed to a lack of standardization, especially with regard to type, timing, and targeted nerves with ablation. Likewise, while the results were improved among the population with chronic painful TKA receiving GNRFA, these inconsistencies still existed.

Conclusions
Current evidence suggests GNRFA as a possible pre-TKA intervention to potentially minimize opioid consumption, patient-reported pain, length of stay, and increased range of motion and activity. However, the short-lived duration in the setting of chronically painful well-appearing TKA represents a major barrier that warrants further investigation. Limitations include small sample size, heterogeneity, lack of standardization of techniques among studies, and lack of direct comparison and meta-analysis. Further research should focus on the standardization of technique as well as analyzing various patient and health-system-related factors that correlate with sustained positive outcomes.
Associations of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian population
Authors: Abozeid Fatma , Zaki Maysaa , Nagah Wafaa , Ragab Amany , fathy Aya , Elhammady Dina , Ghazy Hayam , Yassen Ahmed , Serria Mohamed , Ammar Omar , Ragab Maha , Nomir Manal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLiver serves as a hub for key metabolic pathways such as folate cycle that provides one-carbon units for a network of metabolic reactions. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a rate limiting enzyme in folate metabolism and thus it is vital for DNA methylation, synthesis and repair [1]. The objective of this study was to evaluate an eventual association between MTHFR polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) and the susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egyptian population.Blood samples from patients and controls from Mansoura university hospital were used after signed consent and approval from Medical ethical committee. The two genetic loci were designed for amplification and genotyped by using PCR–RFLP.Our results clarify that, the most important predictors for HCC are T/T genotype of variant C677T and C/C genotype of variant (A1298C) with odds ratio 3.28 and 2.99 respectively. Also, MTHFR variant C677T genotype C/C or T/T combined with MTHFR variant A1298C genotype C/C were associated with an increased risk of HCC, with the OR, 2.6 and 7 respectively. CT genotype of MTHFR variant C677T showed significant difference between HCC grades and C allele of variant C677T showed significant difference in BCLC stages of HCC.Our data indicates that, the two variants (C677T and A1298C) constitute a risk factor for the development of HCC and this could be attributed to the low activities of the enzyme MTHFR that disturb one carbon metabolism and subsequently, DNA synthesis, repair and methylation, thus cellular redox state, growth, and proliferation.
Expertise Development at Work: A Workplace Curriculum Perspective in the Domains of Sales Representatives and Leadership Coaches in a German Context
Authors: Köhler Daniel Paul , Goller Michael 
Published: May 2024

Context: Active engagement and participation in professional practices are an important requirement for expertise development in vocational domains. However, not much is known about how work contexts foster or hinder such expertise development. To further fill this research gap, this study investigates two vocational domains, namely sales representatives and leadership coaches, using the Workplace Curriculum Approach. This approach focuses on three aspects. First, how novices get access to certain tasks. Second, which tasks at work are especially conducive to learning, referred to as pedagogically-rich activities. Third, what knowledge is hard-to-learn through practice alone. By focusing on these three aspects, the Workplace Curriculum Approach helps to understand learning.

Method: Eleven highly competent sales representatives and ten highly competent leadership coaches from German organizations participated in an interview study. A thematic qualitative text analysis was applied using deductive and inductive coding.

Results: For sales representatives, task sequencing is different across organizations due to structural factors, particularly products, and infrastructure. Ideally, apprentices start by getting to know the customers by selling products on site at a counter and by getting to know the products in the warehouse. challenging interactions with customers on the phone are most conducive to learning. The scope of the product portfolio and the amount of technical knowledge are hard to learn. Leadership coaches are encouraged by peers to start at team leader and smaller team levels before moving on to more senior executives and larger team levels. Weekly team meetings offer important social learning opportunities similar to informal discussions among peers. Methodological and organizational knowledge are hard to learn.

Conclusion: Regardless of differences between both domains, the Workplace Curriculum Approach proved useful for analyzing learning and expertise development in the different workplace contexts. The approach proved to be a fairly tangible and easy-to-use tool to investigate how workplaces support expertise development and how workplace learning regimes might be changed to further foster novices’ learning and development. Researchers and practitioners alike can utilize the Workplace Curriculum Approach to analyze learning in different domains in their respective organization. However, individual factors of the learners such as motivation to participate in activities in the workplace are not explicitly included in this approach to investigate professional learning and development. They should be of additional focus in any study interested in vocational expertise development.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Schneiders Caroline , Da Rosa Marluza , Soares Thiago Barbosa 
Published: May 2024

A heterogeneidade é uma característica do campo discursivo, o qual, há muito, deixou de pensar a abordagem do discurso a partir de um “fantasma teórico unificador”, segundo a afirmação retomada por Maldidier (2003)[1], ao cartografar os escritos e relações de Pêcheux e seu coletivo. No cenário brasileiro, as diversas leituras da análise de discurso e os múltiplos olhares construídos nos últimos 40 anos têm reforçado o primado do heterogêneo sobre o mesmo, no que tange aos modos ímpares de produzir sentidos e pesquisas em todo o território, nas mais distintas instituições. Este número da Porto das Letras dedica-se a contemplar um pouco dessa diversidade de estudos e temas.

[1] MALDIDIER, D. A inquietação do discurso. (Re)Ler Michel Pêcheux hoje. Tradução Eni Orlandi. Campinas, SP: Pontes, 2003.
DISCURSO DE ACOLHIMENTO NO PROGRAMA DE ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA A ESTUDANTES IMIGRANTES DA UFFS
Authors: Zanotto Marieli , Oliveira Pivotto Jessica 
Published: May 2024

O presente texto analisa a RESOLUÇÃO No 16/CONSUNI/UFFS/2019, que institui o PRÓ-IMIGRANTE na UFFS, e o EDITAL No 657/GR/UFFS/2023 do processo seletivo especial do programa. Para a análise, realizamos um cotejamento entre os documentos, a fim observar conformidades e contradições, especialmente no que diz respeito as diretrizes e objetivos do PRÓ-IMIGRANTE e os critérios de avaliação e seleção do Edital. A escolha pelo resolução é por se tratar de documento que desempenham um papel importante sobre os sentidos que se produzem sobre os (i)migrantes no espaço universitário e sobre a concepção de acolhimento que se produz e efetiva nesse espaço, já a escolha pelo edital é por se tratar do documento destinado especificamente ao PRÓ-IMIGRANTE, devendo estar em conformidade com os dispostos na resolução, também por ser edital de ingresso mais recente do programa, válido para o ingresso no primeiro e segundo semestres letivos de 2024. Ancoramos nas contribuições de Derrida sobre a hospitalidade e nos estudos de Da Rosa (2018), Gentilli (2009), Redim e Bertoldo (2021). A partir das análises, compreendemos que o programa apesar de criado com vistas a oportunizar o acesso e permanência ao ensino superior para imigrantes, não está livre de contradições, das quais destacam-se a reprodução do imaginário da imigração justificada pelo trabalho e a exigência do uso da língua daquele que acolhe. Assim, a instituição que busca promover acolhimento e oportunidades por meio de sua política de ingresso, acaba (re)produzindo discursos de exclusão e praticando uma hospitalidade condicional, promovendo uma “exclusão includente”.