bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Man Presented as Bilateral Adrenal Masses with Partial Adrenocortical Insufficiency- A Rare Condition
Authors: Parvin Rukhsana 
Published: July 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v30i1.11371 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2012; 30: 58-59
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhoea in four provinces of Kenya
Authors: Sang Willie Kipkemboi , Oundo Valerie , Schnabel David 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of the main causes of hospital admissions in rural areas of Kenya. In Kenya, antimicrobial resistance surveillance has been conducted only at the institutional levels, with limited sharing of information and analysis of data. As a result, the actual scale of regional or national antimicrobial drug resistance is not well defined. Methodology: Stool samples were collected between 1 October 2007 and 30 September 2008 from a total of 651 outpatients with diarrhoea who were under five years of age in four provinces of Kenya. Conventional, biochemical methods, multiplex PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility were conducted to identify the bacterial causes and virulence factors in the isolates, respectively. Results: Of the 651 patients screened, we identified the causes of 115 cases (17.7%) as follows: Pathogenic E. coli (11.2%) [enteroaggregative (8.9%), enterotoxigenic (1.2%), enteroinvasive (0.6%), shigatoxigenic (0.5%)], Salmonella (3.5%), Shigella (2%) and Vibrio cholera O1 (0.7%). The highest levels of resistance among the E. coli isolates were observed in ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole each at 95% followed by tetracycline at 81%. Shigella isolate levels of resistance ranged from 80% to 100% for ampicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Conclusion: The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was to ampicillin followed by trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. Though still at low levels, the major concern from our findings is the emerging resistance of enteric pathogens that was observed to quinolones (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin) and gentamycin.
Education and Employment Characteristics of Nurse Preceptors
Authors: Palumbo Mary Val , Rambur Betty A. , Boyer Susan A. 
Published: July 2012

Background:Nurse preceptors are vital linchpins, supporting the transition of new graduates to practicing registered nurses (RNs). This research clarifies similarities and differences among preceptors and nonpreceptors in an established statewide preceptor program.Methods:A secondary analysis of relicensure data from all nurses working in Vermont hospitals in two years (2005 and 2009) was undertaken.Results:There were no statistical differences by basic degree type, highest degree, RN experience, years in the current job, job satisfaction, and intention to leave. Statistically significant differences that persisted over time included: (1) being less likely to be employed per diem; (2) work site population density; and (3) being more likely to be enrolled in nursing education programs.Conclusion:Given the lack of obvious identifiers, organizations would benefit from a systemized approach to preceptor identification and development. Regulators, who hold the clear social and legal mandate for patient safety, must also be an enabling force toward change.
Acute Exudative Paraneoplastic Polymorphous Vitelliform Maculopathy in Five Cases
Authors: Al-Dahmash Saad A. , Shields Carol L. , Bianciotto Carlos G. , Witkin Andre J. , Witkin Steve R. , Shields Jerry A. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate clinical features, course, and outcome of patients with acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective case series of 5 patients.

RESULTS:
There were 3 males and 2 females, with a median age of 74 years. The primary neoplasms were cutaneous melanoma (n = 2), choroidal melanoma (n = 1), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 1), and lung plus breast adenocarcinoma (n = 1). The mean interval between the diagnosis of the primary neoplasm and the diagnosis of AEPPVM was 42 months. The presenting symptom was blurred vision in all cases. Ophthalmoscopy disclosed multifocal localized shallow serous detachments of the post-equatorial neurosensory retina with yellow-white subretinal debris confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). There was a mean of 21 individual sites of detachment per eye, each measuring a mean of approximately 0.8 millimeter in diameter. Fundus autofluorescence depicted hyperautofluorescence corresponding to the detachments. After mean follow-up of 5 months, three patients had died of metastases. Of the two survivors, one showed resolution of lesions and the other was unchanged.

CONCLUSION:
AEPPVM is a paraneoplastic retinopathy found in patients with metastatic melanoma or carcinoma. The most salient feature is reduced visual acuity from multifocal shallow retinal detachments less than 1-mm diameter, best depicted on OCT.
Noninvasive Imaging of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Field Matthew G. , Comer Grant M. , Kawaji Takahiro , Petty Howard R. , Elner Victor M. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Because increased flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) is indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction, the authors attempted to detect mitochondrial dysfunction in eyes with AMD using FPF.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Six nonexudative eyes with AMD, including three with geographic atrophy (GA), and age-matched control eyes were imaged with a FPF device. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted on the FPF images.

RESULTS:

Five eyes with AMD, including all three eyes with GA, showed qualitative and/or quantitative FPF heterogeneity that was not present in control eyes. Mean FPF average intensities of eyes with AMD with (
P
= .044) and without (
P
= .00060) GA were significantly greater than those of control eyes. The standard deviations of FPF images were greater in eyes with AMD (
P
= .020).

CONCLUSION:
In this small cluster of patients with AMD, retinal FPF is increased, suggesting elevated mitochondrial dysfunction. FPF heterogeneity indicates that an increased variability in mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be present in eyes with advanced disease.
Fear of Falling and the Use of Telecare by Older People
Authors: Stewart Lisa S P , McKinstry Brian 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Since fear of falling has been linked to self-restriction of activity, a further decline in physical functioning and a greater risk of falling, interventions, such as use of telecare, to address a person's fear are essential to reduce the risk of further falls. The aim of this critical review was to evaluate the association between older people's fear of falling and the use of telecare, and whether telecare could reduce this fear. Method: A search of major databases (1980–2011) identified 424 results and, following screening, 10 articles were included in the review. Findings: Perceptions of older people about using telecare were mixed: some felt a greater sense of security and reassurance but, for others, confidence levels were not increased. Studies suggest that an automatic fall detector was useful for older people who were unable or reluctant to use a pendant alarm following a fall. Conclusion: The use of telecare including the wearing of an automatic fall detector, while improving confidence and reducing fear of falling in some, does not suit everyone. A careful assessment of a person's views on his or her falls risk and level of anxiety will determine how telecare can best meet the person's needs to remain supported at home.
Participation in Committed and Discretionary Activities and Quality of Life in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Reinseth Lillian , Kjeken Ingvild , Uhlig Till , Espnes Geir 
Published: July 2012

Purpose: This study explored participation in committed activities (activities that we are obliged to perform), discretionary activities (activities for recreation and pleasure) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method: The study involved 238 females with RA. Self-reported participation in activities was measured by the Interest Checklist. The activities on the checklist were divided into committed and discretionary activities participated in during the past 10 years, the previous year and at the present time. HRQoL was measured by the Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Results: The results showed significant decreases in participation in both committed and discretionary activities over the 10-year period. Multivariate analysis showed that high participation in committed activities was associated significantly with good physical function, whereas high participation in discretionary activities was associated significantly with psychological wellbeing and good physical function. Respectively, the significant associations accounted for 30% of the variance of committed activities and 41% of the variance of discretionary activities. Higher education was associated significantly with high participation in activities, particularly in discretionary activities. Conclusion: Occupational therapists and other health professionals should assist females with RA, and especially those with less education, to maintain essential discretionary activities because this is associated with psychological wellbeing.
Medical Patients' Experiences of Inreach Occupational Therapy: Continuity between Hospital and Home
Authors: Brown Sarah , Craddock Deborah , Greenyer Corinne Hutt 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Reforms in the National Health Service have encouraged a whole system approach. However, coordinated care may be difficult at the interface between acute hospital and community services. Inreach services are community based and the same member of staff provides intervention in hospital and after discharge. This qualitative study aimed to understand medical patients' experiences of inreach occupational therapy. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of seven older people, following their discharge from a medical inreach occupational therapy service. Thematic analysis was used to explore findings. Findings: Uncertainty was expressed about the role of occupational therapy and about participants not feeling involved in their hospital discharge. There was an appreciation that inreach occupational therapy could aid continuity of care. Some participants considered regular contact with a known health professional to be reassuring on return home, whereas for other participants the principle of accurate information sharing between staff was particularly important at discharge. Conclusion: All participants valued a seamless service between occupational therapy in hospital and at home. The importance of services working across organisational boundaries is emphasised, tailoring the timing of interventions to meet individuals' needs.
Clinical Utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Gustafsson Louise , Mitchell Genna , Fleming Jenny , Price Glenda 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Collaborative goal setting is an important part of the occupational therapy process in spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Little is known about the clinical utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) with this population, although it has potential advantages over informal methods of goal setting commonly used in a spinal injury unit (SIU). The aim of this study was to investigate the goal setting process and clinical utility of the COPM from the perspective of occupational therapists within a SIU. Method: A focus group was conducted with six occupational therapists working in a SIU to explore their experiences and use of goal setting and the COPM. Inductive thematic analysis identified key themes from their comments. Findings: Focus group themes were the impact of client adjustment and other factors, organisational and administrative factors, therapist skill level and experience requirements, benefits of the COPM and incorporating the COPM into practice. Conclusion: Formal goal setting was a concept that was identified as a priority by the participants; however, there were organisational, client and therapist related factors that were considered as both barriers and facilitators to formal goal setting and the use of the COPM in this setting.
The prevalence of selected potentially hazardous workplace exposures in the US: Findings from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Calvert Geoffrey M. , Luckhaupt Sara E. , Sussell Aaron , Dahlhamer James M. , Ward Brian W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveAssess the national prevalence of current workplace exposure to potential skin hazards, secondhand smoke (SHS), and outdoor work among various industry and occupation groups. Also, assess the national prevalence of chronic workplace exposure to vapors, gas, dust, and fumes (VGDF) among these groups.MethodsData were obtained from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey of the civilian non‐institutionalized population of the US. Prevalence rates and their variances were calculated using SUDAAN to account for the complex NHIS sample design.ResultsThe data for 2010 were available for 17,524 adults who worked in the 12 months that preceded interview. The highest prevalence rates of hazardous workplace exposures were typically in agriculture, mining, and construction. The prevalence rate of frequent handling of or skin contact with chemicals, and of non‐smokers frequently exposed to SHS at work was highest in mining and construction. Outdoor work was most common in agriculture (85%), construction (73%), and mining (65%). Finally, frequent occupational exposure to VGDF was most common among mining (67%), agriculture (53%), and construction workers (51%).ConclusionWe identified industries and occupations with the highest prevalence of potentially hazardous workplace exposures, and provided targets for investigation and intervention activities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:635–646, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nablus mask‐like facial syndrome: Deletion of chromosome 8q22.1 is necessary but not sufficient to cause the phenotype
Authors: Allanson Judith , Smith Amanda , Hare Heather , Albrecht Beate , Bijlsma Emilia , Dallapiccola Bruno , Donti Emilio , Fitzpatrick David , Isidor Bertrand , Lachlan Katherine , Le Caignec Cedric , Prontera Paolo , Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Rogaia Daniela , van Bon Bregje , Aradhya Swaroop , Crocker Susan F. , Jarinova Olga , McGowan‐Jordan Jean , Boycott Kym , Bulman Dennis , Fagerberg Christina Ringmann 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNablus mask‐like facial syndrome (NMLFS) has many distinctive phenotypic features, particularly tight glistening skin with reduced facial expression, blepharophimosis, telecanthus, bulky nasal tip, abnormal external ear architecture, upswept frontal hairline, and sparse eyebrows. Over the last few years, several individuals with NMLFS have been reported to have a microdeletion of 8q21.3q22.1, demonstrated by microarray analysis. The minimal overlapping region is 93.98–96.22 Mb (hg19). Here we present clinical and microarray data from five singletons and two mother‐child pairs who have heterozygous deletions significantly overlapping the region associated with NMLFS. Notably, while one mother and child were said to have mild tightening of facial skin, none of these individuals exhibited reduced facial expression or the classical facial phenotype of NMLFS. These findings indicate that deletion of the 8q21.3q22.1 region is necessary but not sufficient for development of the NMLFS. We discuss possible genetic mechanisms underlying the complex pattern of inheritance for this condition. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronic tibial nonunion in a Rothmund–Thomson syndrome patient
Authors: Carlson Aaron M. , Thomas Kristen B. , Kirmani Salman , Lindor Noralane M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRothmund–Thomson syndrome (RTS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in RECQL4, a helicase involved with chromosomal instability and DNA repair. Patients typically present with a poikilodermatous facial rash, photosensitivity, congenital bony abnormalities, short stature, and have a predilection for osteosarcoma and cutaneous malignancies. We present a 34‐year‐old male RTS patient, previously diagnosed with osteosarcoma of the right forearm which was successfully treated with resection and chemotherapy, who has had multiple tibial fractures and has suffered from chronic nonunion of the proximal tibias bilaterally for greater than 9 years. The patient subsequently developed generalized lower extremity osteopenia with normal calcium homeostasis and calcitriol levels. As the RTS population continues to reach greater ages we must be mindful of other health concerns that may develop. Bone health is one considerable concern with a large portion of patients having congenital bony abnormalities and many receiving chemotherapy for osteosarcoma. We conclude that screening for bone health and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D may be warranted in RTS patients with a history of fractures and osteosarcoma treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria with long hair on the forearms, hypo/hyperpigmented hair, and dental anomalies: Report of a novel ADAR1 mutation
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Chinadet Wannapa , Ohazama Atsushi , Kono Michihiro 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report on a father and his two children who are affected with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH). Mutation analysis of ADAR1 gene demonstrated a novel splice acceptor site mutation in intron 10, IVS10‐2A>C. The hair on the forearm of the affected father became longer, larger in diameter, and hypopigmented (white) after age 40 years. Hyperpigmented hair was also found in normal and hypopigmented skin. The colors of the hair and the skin did not correlate. Transmission electron micrography of cortical keratinocytes of the hair follicles showed that normal hair contained more keratinocytes than those of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented hair. The keratinocytes of the hyperpigmented hair were larger than those of normal and hypopigmented hair and those of the normal hair were larger than those of the hypopigmented hair. The affected daughter had dens evaginatus of the mandibular right second premolar and the son had dens invaginatus of the maxillary permanent lateral incisors. Expression of Adar1 gene during mouse tooth development is demonstrated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel sclerosing skeletal dysplasia with mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia, characteristic syndromic features, and clinical and radiographic evidence of male–male transmission
Authors: Murphy‐Ryan Maureen , Kirmani Salman , Thompson Dana Mara , Binkovitz Larry A. , Thomas Kristen B. , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report on a father and his 4‐year‐old son sharing a characteristic dysmorphic facial phenotype (including hyperteleroism, prominent forehead, and wide nasal bridge), macrocephaly, hearing loss, palatal clefting, developmental delay, hypotonia and bony abnormalities including marked cranial sclerosis and sclerosis of the ribs and long bones, which evolved in severity in the son between the ages of 2 and 4 years. The father's radiographs also showed prominent coarse striations, patchy metaphyseal sclerotic plaques, markedly increased bone density and cortical thickening of long bones, and significant degenerative changes in the thoracic spine. The son has an additional history of sleep apnea resulting from multi‐level airway obstruction that includes adenoid hypertrophy, lingual tonsil hypertrophy, subglottic stenosis, and supra‐arytenoid tissue consistent with laryngomalacia and tracheomalacia. The clinical, radiographic, and genetic findings in father and son are consistent with a sclerosing skeletal dysplasia syndrome with similarities to mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia (MSBD) including metaphyseal plaques, osteopathia striata, and cranial sclerosis (OS–CS). This family may represent one of the first descriptions of familial inheritance and evolving phenotype in MSBD. The evidence for male–male transmission would support the existence of an autosomal mechanism of inheritance for a novel form of MSBD with characteristic syndromic features. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Learning Disabilities Network (LeaDNet): Using neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) as a paradigm for translational research
Authors: Acosta Maria T. , Bearden Carrie E. , Castellanos Xavier F. , Cutting Laurie , Elgersma Ype , Gioia Gerard , Gutmann David H. , Lee Yong‐Seok , Legius Eric , Muenke Maximillian , North Kathryn , Parada Luis F. , Ratner Nancy , Hunter‐Schaedle Kim , Silva Alcino J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLearning disabilities and other cognitive disorders represent one of the most important unmet medical needs and a significant source of lifelong disability. To accelerate progress in this area, an international consortium of researchers and clinicians, the Learning Disabilities Network (LeaDNet), was established in 2006. Initially, LeaDNet focused on neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common single gene disorder with a frequency of 1:3,000. Although NF1 is best recognized as an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome, learning, cognitive, and neurobehavioral deficits account for significant morbidity in this condition and can have a profound impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Recently, there have been groundbreaking advances in our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and neural systems underpinnings of NF1‐associated learning deficits in animal models, which precipitated clinical trials using a molecularly targeted treatment for these deficits. However, much remains to be learned about the spectrum of cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric phenotypes associated with the NF1 clinical syndrome. In addition, there is a pressing need to accelerate the identification of specific clinical targets and treatments for these phenotypes. The successes with NF1 have allowed LeaDNet investigators to broaden their initial focus to other genetic disorders characterized by learning disabilities and cognitive deficits including other RASopathies (caused by changes in the Ras signaling pathway). The ultimate mission of LeaDNet is to leverage an international translational consortium of clinicians and neuroscientists to integrate bench‐to‐bedside knowledge across a broad range of cognitive genetic disorders, with the goal of accelerating the development of rational and biologically based treatments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of suckling stimulation determine the daily duration of mother‐young contact and milk output in rabbits
Authors: González‐Mariscal Gabriela , Toribio Ariadna , Gallegos José Antonio , Serrano‐Meneses Martín A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRabbits nurse inside a nest once/day for 3–5 min. We quantified mother's time inside the nest box (TINB) and milk output as we varied the number and age of pups across lactation. TINB was larger and milk output smaller on lactation days 2, 3, 7, or 8, when one pup (2–3 days old) was provided, but normal on Days 4–6, when suckling eight pups. Maintaining 1, 2, or 6–8 growing pups across 30 days increased TINB in the first two groups without modifying milk intake/pup. Substituting a 15 day‐old for a newborn increased TINB (Days 15–20) and decreased milk intake/pup (Days 15–30). Substituting for a newborn on Days 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, and 29 increased TINB on such days and revealed a gradual decline in TINB on the “non‐switch” days. Litter size, age, and lactation stage interact to determine TINB and milk output. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 809–817, 2013.