bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green pathway of Urea Synthesis through Plasma-Ice Interaction: Optimization and Mechanistic Insights with N2 + CO2 and NH3 + CO2 Gas Mixtures
Authors: Rathore Vikas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study explores a green pathway for urea synthesis using plasma-ice interaction with gas mixtures of N2 + CO2 and NH3 + CO2. Electrical and optical emission spectroscopy were employed to characterize the plasmas, revealing that urea formation involves complex reactions driven by high-energy species, producing reactive nitrogen and carbon intermediates that further react to form urea.
Physicochemical analyses of plasma-treated ice showed increased pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and reduced oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). Optimization of plasma process parameters (gas pressure, applied voltage, and treatment time) was performed to enhance urea formation. Among these parameters, plasma treatment time had the most substantial influence. Increasing treatment time from 20 to 60 minutes significantly impacted physicochemical properties: for N2 + CO2 plasma, pH increased by 21.05%, EC by 184.7%, and ORP decreased by 27.48%; for NH3 + CO2 plasma, pH increased by 27.37%, EC by 239.05%, and ORP decreased by 72.67%, respectively.
The study shows that NH3 + CO2 plasma produces a significantly higher concentration of urea (7.7 mg L-1) compared to N2 + CO2 plasma (0.55 mg L-1). This is attributed to the direct availability and reactivity of ammonia, which simplifies reaction pathways and enhances intermediate formation. These findings highlight the potential of plasma-ice interaction as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly method for urea synthesis, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional processes.
ROCK Inhibitor Fasudil Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Associated Metabolic Dysregulation in the Tau Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ouyang Xiaosen , Collu Roberto , Benavides Gloria A. , Tian Ran , Darley-Usmar Victor , Xia Weiming , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The pathological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include not
only brain amyloid β protein (Aβ) containing neuritic plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau (p--
tau) containing neurofibrillary tangles but also microgliosis, astrocytosis, and neurodegeneration
mediated by metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammation.

Methods:
While antibody-based therapies targeting Aβ have shown clinical promise, effective
therapies targeting metabolism, neuroinflammation, and p-tau are still an urgent need. Based on
the observation that Ras homolog (Rho)-associated kinases (ROCK) activities are elevated in AD,
ROCK inhibitors have been explored as therapies in AD models. This study determines the effects
of fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, on neuroinflammation and metabolic regulation in the P301S tau
transgenic mouse line PS19 that models neurodegenerative tauopathy and AD. Using daily intraperitoneal
(i.p.) delivery of fasudil in PS19 mice, we observed a significant hippocampal-specific
decrease of the levels of phosphorylated tau (pTau Ser202/Thr205), a decrease of GFAP+ cells
and glycolytic enzyme Pkm1 in broad regions of the brain, and a decrease in mitochondrial complex
IV subunit I in the striatum and thalamic regions.

Results:
Although no overt detrimental phenotype was observed, mice dosed with 100 mg/kg/day
for 2 weeks exhibited significantly decreased mitochondrial outer membrane and electron transport
chain (ETC) protein abundance, as well as ETC activities.

Conclusion:
Our results provide insights into dose-dependent neuroinflammatory and metabolic
responses to fasudil and support further refinement of ROCK inhibitors for the treatment of AD.
Anti-Cancer Effects of Soy Isoflavones against Cancer by Radiosensitizing
Properties: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raeisi Elham , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Sherwin Catherine MT , Khaghani Armin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
It is necessary to investigate the targets and pathways on which soy isoflavones act as radiosensitizers for their future use and their potential therapeutic effects.

Objectives:
This systematic review aims to discuss and highlight future perspectives on the radiosensitizing effects of soy isoflavones against cancer cells.

Methods:
We thoroughly searched multiple databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. We aimed to find studies investigating the effectiveness of soy
isoflavones in increasing the sensitivity of different types of cancer to radiation treatment. We extracted data according to the study's aim, and the studies' outcomes were reviewed.

Results:
The radiosensitizing effects of soy isoflavones are related to the accumulation of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), reducing Glutathione (GSH), Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related
factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1). They also induce cancer cell apoptosis through inhibited Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1
(APE1/Ref-1) and HIF-1α, upregulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and improve cytochrome c, upregulation Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), inhibited B-cell lymphoma-extra-large
(Bcl-xL) and activation of caspase-3 and -8. Moreover, by inhibiting p21, increased phosphorylation
of p53 and PARP-1-dependent ATP depletion caused DNA damage and impaired DNA repair. Soy
isoflavones also arrest the cell cycle by interfering with the G2/M checkpoint.

Conclusion:
In vivo and in vitro studies indicated that soy isoflavones enhanced radiotherapy effects
on cancer cells with protective effects on healthy cells. Also, clinical studies reported safe and satisfactory properties of soy isoflavones along with radiotherapy in cancer treatment.
The Impact of Amotosalen Photochemical Pathogen Inactivation on Human Platelet Lysate
Authors: Delabie Willem , De Bleser Dominique , Vandewalle Vicky , De Prest Marie-Laurence , Vandekerckhove Philippe , Compernolle Veerle , Feys Hendrik B. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Human Platelet Lysate (hPL) is a platelet-derived and growth factor-rich
supplement for cell culture. It can be prepared from surplus platelet concentrates initially intended
for transfusion. Amotosalen-based photochemical pathogen inactivation of platelet concentrates is
used in a number of blood establishments worldwide to minimize the risk of pathogen transmission
from donor to patient.

Methods:
This pathogen inactivation method has not been formally validated for direct use on
hPL. Here, we have studied the impact of pathogen inactivation on hPL and compared it to untreated
hPL prepared from pathogen-inactivated platelet concentrates or control hPL. We used mass
spectrometry, ELISA, and in vitro mesenchymal stem cell culture for determining residual amotosalen,
final growth factor content, and cell doubling, respectively.

Results:
The data have shown amotosalen concentrations to be reduced a thousand-fold following
pathogen inactivation, leaving trace quantities of photosensitizer molecules in the final hPL product.
Some growth factors have been reported to be significantly more impacted in hPL that is directly
pathogen-inactivated compared to both control conditions. This has no significant effect on
the growth kinetics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Conclusion:
Direct amotosalen-based pathogen inactivation has a measurable impact on certain
growth factors in hPL, but this does not outweigh the likely benefits of reducing the odds of
donor-to-patient pathogen transmission
Hematological Indices and Genetic Variants of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Mirinezhad Mohammad Reza , Aghasizadeh Malihe , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Hemmatpur Anahid , Mashhadi Mohammad Reza Fazl , Khedmatgozar Hamed , Kiyoumarsioskouei Amir , Dabagh Ali Ebrahimi , Mohammadi Mohammad Amin , Ebrahimian Arezoo Rastegarmoghadam , Malek Melika , Moazedi Sara , Rashidian Simin , Ferns Gordon A. , Hamzehloei Tayebeh , Pasdar Alireza , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is associated with infertility.
Little is known about the potential circulating biomarkers that could be used to predict POI. We
have investigated the possible association between white and red blood cells, platelet indices,
and eight established single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with POI risk.

Methods:
117 women with premature menopause (PM) and 183 healthy women without a history
of menopause before age 40 were recruited for this study. The tetra-primer amplification refractory
mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (Tetra ARMS PCR) and allele-specific oligonucleotides-
polymerase chain reaction (ASO-PCR) were carried out for genotyping for eight
SNPs reported to be associated with POI. Decision tree analysis was applied to test the diagnostic
value of hematological parameters to identify the risk of POI.

Results:
Women with POI had lower neutrophil (NEUT) and white blood cell (WBC), whereas
red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV),
and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) were higher. Platelet (PLT) count was also lower in affected
women. Our data also indicated that HGB and HCT count were significantly associated with
rs16991615 and rs244715. Mean Platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW)
were associated with rs244715, rs1046089, rs4806660, and rs2303369. The rs16991615 was also
associated with RBC count, and rs451417 was associated with NEUTs. The decision tree (DT)
model reveals that women with the NEUT count at a cut-off value of less than 2.8 and HCT
equal to or more than 38.7% could be identified as high-risk cases for POI. Overall, we found the
DT approach had a sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 72%, and accuracy = 74%.

Conclusion:
The genetic variants involved in POI are associated with changes in reproductive
hormone levels and with changes in hematological indices.
Peer Support for Chronic Pain in Online Health Communities: Quantitative Study on the Dynamics of Social Interactions in a Chronic Pain Forum
Authors: Necaise Aaron , Amon Mary Jean 
Published: June 2024

Background
Peer support for chronic pain is increasingly taking place on social media via social networking communities. Several theories on the development and maintenance of chronic pain highlight how rumination, catastrophizing, and negative social interactions can contribute to poor health outcomes. However, little is known regarding the role web-based health discussions play in the development of negative versus positive health attitudes relevant to chronic pain.

Objective
This study aims to investigate how participation in online peer-to-peer support communities influenced pain expressions by examining how the sentiment of user language evolved in response to peer interactions.

Methods
We collected the comment histories of 199 randomly sampled Reddit (Reddit, Inc) users who were active in a popular peer-to-peer chronic pain support community over 10 years. A total of 2 separate natural language processing methods were compared to calculate the sentiment of user comments on the forum (N=73,876). We then modeled the trajectories of users’ language sentiment using mixed-effects growth curve modeling and measured the degree to which users affectively synchronized with their peers using bivariate wavelet analysis.

Results
In comparison to a shuffled baseline, we found evidence that users entrained their language sentiment to match the language of community members they interacted with (t198=4.02; P<.001; Cohen d=0.40). This synchrony was most apparent in low-frequency sentiment changes unfolding over hundreds of interactions as opposed to reactionary changes occurring from comment to comment (F2,198=17.70; P<.001). We also observed a significant trend in sentiment across all users (β=–.02; P=.003), with users increasingly using more negative language as they continued to interact with the community. Notably, there was a significant interaction between affective synchrony and community tenure (β=.02; P=.02), such that greater affective synchrony was associated with negative sentiment trajectories among short-term users and positive sentiment trajectories among long-term users.

Conclusions
Our results are consistent with the social communication model of pain, which describes how social interactions can influence the expression of pain symptoms. The difference in long-term versus short-term affective synchrony observed between community members suggests a process of emotional coregulation and social learning. Participating in health discussions on Reddit appears to be associated with both negative and positive changes in sentiment depending on how individual users interacted with their peers. Thus, in addition to characterizing the sentiment dynamics existing within online chronic pain communities, our work provides insight into the potential benefits and drawbacks of relying on support communities organized on social media platforms.
Sleep Disorders and Dementia Risk in Older Patients with Kidney Failure
Authors: Long Jane J. , Chen Yusi , Kim Byoungjun , Bae Sunjae , Li Yiting , Orandi Babak J. , Chu Nadia M. , Mathur Aarti , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Older patients with kidney failure who are newly diagnosed with sleep disorders are at higher risk of developing any type of dementia, vascular dementia, and other/mixed types of dementia.For older patients with kidney failure who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, positive airway pressure therapy is an intervention that is associated with lower dementia risk.

Background
Community-dwelling older adults with sleep disorders are at higher risk of developing dementia. Greater than 50% of older patients with kidney failure experience sleep disorders, which may explain their high burden of dementia.

Methods
Among 216,158 patients (aged 66 years and older) with kidney failure (United States Renal Data System; 2008–2019), we estimated the risk of dementia (including subtypes) associated with sleep disorders using Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score weighting. We tested whether positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy was associated with reduced dementia risk among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Results
26.3% of patients were diagnosed with sleep disorders; these patients had a higher 5-year unadjusted cumulative incidence for any type of dementia (36.2% versus 32.3%; P < 0.001), vascular dementia (4.4% versus 3.7%; P < 0.001), and other/mixed dementia (29.3% versus 25.8%; P < 0.001). Higher risk of any type of dementia was identified in patients with insomnia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 1.51), sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) (aHR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.23), and other sleep disorders (aHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.39). Higher vascular dementia risk was observed in patients with insomnia (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.73) and SRBDs (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.24). Patients with SRBDs (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.15) were at higher risk of Alzheimer disease. Among patients with OSA, PAP therapy was associated with lower risk of any type of dementia (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.90) and vascular dementia (aHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.85).

Conclusions
Older patients with kidney failure and sleep disorders are at a higher risk of dementia. Sleep is an important modifiable factor that should be considered for targeted interventions to mitigate dementia risk in patients with kidney failure. For patients with OSA, PAP therapy is associated with lower dementia risk.
COMPREENSÃO DE METÁFORA POR INDIVÍDUOS TEA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA 1 METAPHOR COMPREHENSION BY ASD-INDIVIDUALS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Cony Isabel 
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão integrativa de estudos
publicados por pesquisadores/as brasileiros/as referentes à compreensão
metafórica por indivíduos diagnosticados com transtorno do espectro
autista (TEA). O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar a existência de
estudos experimentais de base psicolinguística produzidos em âmbito
nacional que investigam a compreensão de metáforas por falantes nativos
de português brasileiro com TEA. A busca por artigos se deu através de
três bancos de dados de referência brasileiros – Portal de Periódicos
da CAPES, Scopus e Scielo –, por meio de uma pesquisa avançada por
trabalhos que apresentassem os termos metáfora e autismo
ou transtorno do espectro autista. No total, foram encontrados
somente 3 artigos que cumpriam os pré-requisitos estabelecidos. Os
resultados encontrados evidenciam a necessidade premente de se
desenvolverem pesquisas neste campo em âmbito nacional no sentido de
melhor compreender esse fenômeno para, futuramente, desenvolver
propostas de intervenções que contribuam para a qualidade de vida de
sujeitos diagnosticados com TEA.

This paper presents an integrative review of studies published by
Brazilian researchers on metaphorical comprehension by individuals
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of the research
was to verify the existence of psycholinguistically-based experimental
studies conducted in Brazil that investigate the comprehension of
metaphors by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with ASD. Research
was conducted for articles in three Brazilian reference databases –
Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Scopus and Scielo – through an advanced
search tool, and papers were selected that presented the terms metaphor
and autism or autism spectrum disorder. In total,
only 3 articles were found that met the established criteria. The
results show that there is an urgent need to develop research in this
field to better understand this phenomenon and develop proposals for
interventions that contribute to the quality of life of people diagnosed
with ASD.
Fundamental characteristics of flow past an array of hemispherical protrusions in millisecond microchannel reactors
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: June 2024

Flow of a fluid past a body is a very complicated phenomenon.
Computational fluid dynamics is used for studying the characteristics of
flow past an array of hemispherical protrusions that is disposed on the
wall surfaces of a millisecond microchannel reactor. Protrusions can be
used to improve the transport processes involved, but the causes of the
phenomena are still incompletely understood. Parametric analyses are
performed under different sets of circumstances to delineate the role of
geometric features and operation conditions in reactor performance.
Dimensionless quantities are used to simplify the characterization of
the reactor system with multiple interacting transport phenomena. The
mechanisms involved in the intensified processes are analysed, and
performance improvement recommendations are presented. The results
indicate that the protruded reactor behaves effectively and good yields
can be obtained with only milliseconds residence of the mixtures within
the channels. The reactor offers the unique advantage for hydrogen
production from methanol in that process intensification is realized
while preserving the energy balance between the exothermic and
endothermic processes. However, the flow rates must be adjusted as
needed to maximize production of hydrogen and minimize pressure drops.
The momentum diffusivity is more dominant around the protrusion regions
than in the other regions. The thermal diffusivity is more dominant in
the protruded channels than in the flat channels. The results have
implications for hydrogen production and beyond for the study of
transport phenomena in microchemical systems.
Keywords: Hemispherical protrusions; Fuel cells; Heat transfer;
Microchannel reactors; Endothermic reactions; Mass transfer
Thermal expansion coefficients and heat capacities of graphane and fluorographene at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: June 2024

In spite of significant efforts to investigate the ability of
hydrogenated and fluorinated graphene to conduct heat, little research
has focused particularly upon their other thermal properties, such as
thermal contraction and heat capacity, which have implications for the
development of thermal nanotechnology. In an attempt to determine these
thermal properties, a few experiments have been carried out, with rather
conflicting results. In the present study, calculations were performed
using molecular dynamics to investigate the thermal properties of
graphane and fluorographene and especially the phenomena involved. The
thermal expansion coefficients and heat capacities of the
two-dimensional materials were determined at different temperatures. The
results indicated that graphane is thermally contracted more
significantly than graphene. The calculated molar heat capacity at
constant volume is about 25.00 J/(mol·K) for graphene and about
29.26 J/(mol·K) for graphane. The specific heat capacity of
fluorographene is always lower than that of graphane. A negative
relationship does exist between the binding energy and the temperature.
Keywords: Carbon materials; Material properties; Thermal
contraction; Structural configurations; Molecular dynamics; Thermal
phenomena
Essential characteristics of mass transport processes in microchannel reactors for thermochemically producing hydrogen from methanol by steam reforming
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: June 2024

The potential of methanol reforming systems to greatly improve
productivity in chemical reactors has been limited, due in part, to the
effect of mass transfer limitations on the production of hydrogen. There
is a need to determine whether or not a microchannel reforming reactor
system is operated in a mass transfer-controlled regime, and provide the
necessary criteria so that mass transfer limitations can be effectively
eliminated in the reactor. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were
carried out using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the
essential characteristics of mass transport processes in a microchannel
reforming reactor and to develop criteria for determining mass transfer
limitations. The reactor was designed for thermochemically producing
hydrogen from methanol by steam reforming. The mass transfer effects
involved in the reforming process were evaluated, and the role of
various design parameters was determined for the thermally integrated
reactor. In order to simplify the mathematics of mass transport
phenomena, use was made of dimensionless numbers or ratios of parameters
that numerically describe the physical properties in the reactor without
units. The results indicated that the performance of the thermally
integrated reactor can be greatly improved by means of proper design of
catalyst layer thickness and through adjusting feed composition to
minimize or reduce mass transfer limitations in the reactor. There is
not an effective method to reduce channel dimensions if the flow rate
remains constant, or to reduce fluid velocities if the residence time is
kept constant. The rate of the reforming reaction is limited by mass
transfer near the entrance of the reactor and by kinetics further
downstream, when the heat transfer in the autothermal system is
efficient. Finally, the criteria that can be used to distinguish between
different mass transport and kinetics regimes in the reactor with a
first-order reforming reaction were presented.
Keywords: Hydrogen production; Steam reforming; Transport
phenomena; Reactor design; Microchannel reactors; Computational fluid
dynamics