bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Nursing Homes’ Organizational Context With Care Aide Empowerment: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Iaconi Alba , Hoben Matthias , Berta, PhD Whitney , Duan Yinfei , Norton Peter G , Song Yuting , Chamberlain Stephanie A , Beeber Anna , Anderson Ruth A , Lanham Holly J , Perez Janelle , Wang Jing , Choroschun Katharina , Shrestha Shovana , Cummings Greta , Estabrooks Carole A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Organizational context is thought to influence whether care aides feel empowered, but we lack empirical evidence in the nursing home sector. Our objective was to examine the association of features of nursing homes’ unit organizational context with care aides’ psychological empowerment.

Research Design and Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 3765 care aides in 91 Western Canadian nursing homes. Random-intercept mixed-effects regressions were used to examine the associations between nursing home unit organizational context and care aides’ psychological empowerment, controlling for care aide, care unit, and nursing home covariates.

Results
Organizational (IVs) culture, social capital, and care aides’ perceptions of sufficient time to do their work were positively associated with all four components of psychological empowerment (DVs): competence (0.17 [0.13, 0.21] for culture, 0.18 [0.14, 0.21] for social capital, 0.03 [0.01, 0.05] for time), meaning (0.21 [0.18, 0.25] for culture, 0.19 [0.16, 0.23] for social capital, 0.03 [0.01, 0.05 for time), self-determination (0.38 [0.33, 0.44] for culture, 0.17 [0.12, 0.21] for social capital, 0.08 [0.05, 0.11] for time), and impact (0.26 [0.21, 0.31] for culture, 0.23 [0.19, 0.28] for social capital, 0.04 [0.01, 0.07] for time).

Discussion and Implications
In this study, modifiable elements of organizational context (i.e., culture, social capital, and time) were positively associated with care aides’ psychological empowerment. Future interventions might usefully target these modifiable elements of unit level context in the interest of assessing their effects on staff work attitudes and outcomes, including the quality of resident care.
Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Kidney Injury, and Mortality in Ebola Virus Disease: Retrospective Analysis of Cases From the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2019
Authors: Kasereka Masumbuko Claude , Mukadi-Bamuleka Daniel , Kitenge-Omasumbu Richard , Edidi-Atani François , Kuamfumu Meris Matondo , Mulangu Sabue , Tshiani-Mbaya Olivier , Malengera Vicky Kambale , Mbala-Kingebeni Placide , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Muyembe-Tamfum Jean-Jacques , Lee Bonita E , Houston Stan , Mumtaz Zubia , Hawkes Michael T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Skeletal muscle injury in Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been reported, but its association with morbidity and mortality remains poorly defined.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients admitted to 2 EVD treatment units over an 8-month period in 2019 during an EVD epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Results
An overall 333 patients (median age, 30 years; 58% female) had at least 1 creatine kinase (CK) measurement (n = 2229; median, 5/patient [IQR, 1–11]). Among patients, 271 (81%) had an elevated CK level (&gt;380 U/L); 202 (61%) had rhabdomyolysis (CK &gt;1000 IU/L); and 45 (14%) had severe rhabdomyolysis (≥5000 U/L). Among survivors, the maximum CK level was a median 1600 (IQR, 550–3400), peaking 3.4 days after admission (IQR, 2.3–5.5) and decreasing thereafter. Among fatal cases, the CK rose monotonically until death, with a median maximum CK level of 2900 U/L (IQR, 1500–4900). Rhabdomyolysis at admission was an independent predictor of acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.2–3.8]; P = .0065) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.03–2.9]; P = .037).

Conclusions
Rhabdomyolysis is associated with acute kidney injury and mortality in patients with EVD. These findings may inform clinical practice by identifying laboratory monitoring priorities and highlighting the importance of fluid management.
Evaluating the Use of UV Absorbance for the Differentiation of Humified From Non-Humified Materials
Authors: Rahbari Mohammad , Psutka Jarrod , Lamar Richard , Rosario-Ortiz Fernando L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Products containing humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) have significant commercial potential; however, unknown to the consumer, some products may be mislabeled or contain adulterants. The prevalence of mislabeling and adulterants is found primarily in FA products. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy to differentiate between real and fake FA products is practical and desirable.

Objective
The objective of this study was to expand the dataset generated using a UV-Vis-based method proposed by Mayhew et al., 2023.

Methods
In total, 30 test samples were used to generate 90 test portions (three replicates per test sample) for analysis using the UV-Vis methodology outlined in Mayhew et al., 2023, which in this study is referred to as the UVAC (UV absorbance confirmation) method.

Results
None of the 13 FA test samples investigated were determined as humified using the UVAC method. The FA samples studied consisted of two IHSS standards, five commercial FA products (CFAP), and six full FA fractions (SFA), which were isolated from six known solid humic material sources (SHMS). There was a leonardite, a humalite, and four peat sources used as the SHMS. Analysis of the neutralized extract of the SHMS found only 3/6 SHMS were determined as humified. Six HA (SHA) test samples were also generated by isolating the HA from the SHMS, and only 3/6 SHA were determined as humified.

Conclusions
Given the high prevalence of false determinations, more work is needed to improve the method so that it can be used by industry or regulators.

Highlights
The proposed method failed to determine IHSS FA standards as humified. Although the method is practical, it needs improvement and further study before it can be used for reliable differentiation of real from fake FA.
Immunotherapy drives mesenchymal tumor cell state shift and TME immune response in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Hendriksen Josephine D , Locallo Alessio , Maarup Simone , Debnath Olivia , Ishaque Naveed , Hasselbach Benedikte , Skjøth-Rasmussen Jane , Yde Christina Westmose , Poulsen Hans S , Lassen Ulrik , Weischenfeldt Joachim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive type of brain tumor for which there is no curative treatment available. Immunotherapies have shown limited responses in unselected patients, and there is an urgent need to identify mechanisms of treatment resistance to design novel therapy strategies.

Methods
Here we investigated the phenotypic and transcriptional dynamics at single-cell resolution during nivolumab immune checkpoint treatment of glioblastoma patients.

Results
We present the integrative paired single-cell RNA-seq analysis of 76 tumor samples from patients in a clinical trial of the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab and untreated patients. We identify a distinct aggressive phenotypic signature in both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment in response to nivolumab. Moreover, nivolumab-treatment was associated with an increased transition to mesenchymal stem-like tumor cells, and an increase in TAMs and exhausted and proliferative T cells. We verify and extend our findings in large external glioblastoma dataset (n = 298), develop a latent immune signature and find 18% of primary glioblastoma samples to be latent immune, associated with mesenchymal tumor cell state and TME immune response. Finally, we show that latent immune glioblastoma patients are associated with shorter overall survival following immune checkpoint treatment (P = .0041).

Conclusions
We find a resistance mechanism signature in one fifth of glioblastoma patients associated with a tumor-cell transition to a more aggressive mesenchymal-like state, increase in TAMs and proliferative and exhausted T cells in response to immunotherapy. These patients may instead benefit from neuro-oncology therapies targeting mesenchymal tumor cells.
Integrated spin-wave quantum memory
Authors: Zhu Tian-Xiang , Su Ming-Xu , Liu Chao , Liu Yu-Ping , Wang Chao-Fan , Liu Pei-Xi , Han Yong-Jian , Zhou Zong-Quan , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Photonic integrated quantum memories are essential for the construction of scalable quantum networks. Spin-wave quantum storage, which can support on-demand retrieval with a long lifetime, is indispensable for practical applications, but has never been demonstrated in an integrated solid-state device. Here, we demonstrate spin-wave quantum storage based on a laser-written waveguide fabricated in a 151Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal, using both the atomic frequency comb and noiseless photon-echo protocols. Qubits encoded with single-photon-level inputs are stored and retrieved with a fidelity of ${94.9\%\pm 1.2\%}$, which is far beyond the maximal fidelity that can be obtained with any classical device. Our results underline the potential of laser-written integrated devices for practical applications in large-scale quantum networks, such as the construction of multiplexed quantum repeaters in an integrated configuration and high-density transportable quantum memories.
Nodal precession of a hot Jupiter transiting the edge of a late A-type star TOI-1518
Authors: Watanabe Noriharu , Narita Norio , Hori Yasunori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
TOI-1518b, a hot Jupiter around a late A-type star, is one of the few planetary systems that transit the edge of the stellar surface (the impact parameter b ∼ 0.9) among hot Jupiters around hot stars (Cabot et al. 2021, AJ, 162, 218). The high rotation speed of the host star (∼85 km s−1) and the nearly polar orbit of the planet (∼120○) may cause a nodal precession. In this study, we report the nodal precession undergone by TOI-1518 b. This system is the fourth planetary system in which nodal precession is detected. We investigate the time change in b from the photometric data of TOI-1518 acquired in 2019 and 2022 with TESS and from the spectral transit data of TOI-1518b obtained in 2020 with two high-dispersion spectrographs; CARMENES and EXPRES. We find that the value of b is decreasing with db$/$dt = −0.0116 ± 0.0036 yr−1, indicating that the transit trajectory is moving toward the center of the stellar surface. We also estimate the minimum value of the quadrupole mass moment of TOI-1518, J2,min = 4.41 × 10−5, and the logarithm of the Love number of TOI-1518, log k2 = −2.17 ± 0.33, from the nodal precession.
Dark matter search in the Perseus cluster with simultaneous analysis of Hitomi and Suzaku data
Authors: Fukuichi Makoto , Kitamoto Shunji , Sawada Makoto , Tamura Takayuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The reported detection of a 3.5 keV emission line in the Perseus cluster, possibly originating from dark matter decay, is still under scrutiny. Despite extensive observations, the detection has not yet been confirmed, and its origin remains a topic of active debate. Most of the previous searches relied on spectroscopy with X-ray charge-coupled devices, such as the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer on Suzaku. Although this provided a large amount of observational data, it only offered moderate spectral resolution. The X-ray astronomy satellite Hitomi offers new results using its high-resolution X-ray spectrometer (Soft X-ray Spectrometer). However, the data gathered were somewhat limited in terms of statistics. In this work, we present the results of a new spectral analysis of the Perseus cluster that combines the spectra from the XIS and SXS, along with the Soft X-ray Imager on Hitomi, thereby complementing each other’s capability. Our search was conducted for a line emission or absorption in the energy range of 2.6–5.9 keV assuming the Navarro–Frenk–White mass distribution with a concentration parameter of 5.0 and virial radius, r200, of 1.79 Mpc. We also considered the instrumental systematic uncertainty caused by the effective area calibration, which we empirically evaluated using the Crab Nebula spectra. On combining these results, we found no significant line features above the baryonic thermal emission from the intra-cluster medium. The upper limit at 3.5 keV, at a 3σ confidence level, is tightly constrained to 4.2 × 10−5 photons cm−2 s−1 for the $15^{\prime }$ circular sky region, which encloses a dark matter mass of $1.67\times 10^{14}\, M_{\odot }$, assuming a line velocity dispersion of 180 km s−1. This constraint is three times tighter than the previous one, which only used the SXS. On the basis of these findings, we provide the upper limit of the dark matter decay rate and the mixing angle for the sterile neutrino origin.
AI takeover and human disempowerment
Authors: Bales Adam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome take seriously the possibility of artificial intelligence (AI) takeover, where AI systems seize power in a way that leads to human disempowerment. Assessing the likelihood of takeover requires answering empirical questions about the future of AI technologies and the context in which AI will operate. In many cases, philosophers are poorly placed to answer these questions. However, some prior questions are more amenable to philosophical techniques. What does it mean to speak of AI empowerment and human disempowerment? And what empirical claims must hold for the former to lead to the latter? In this paper, I address these questions, providing foundations for further evaluation of the likelihood of takeover.
Modular and integrative activity reporters enhance biochemical studies in the yeast ER
Authors: Martinusen Samantha G , Slaton Ethan W , Nelson Sage E , Pulgar Marian A , Besu Julia T , Simas Cassidy F , Denard Carl A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The yeast endoplasmic reticulum sequestration and screening (YESS) system is a broadly applicable platform to perform high-throughput biochemical studies of post-translational modification enzymes (PTM-enzymes). This system enables researchers to profile and engineer the activity and substrate specificity of PTM-enzymes and to discover inhibitor-resistant enzyme mutants. In this study, we expand the capabilities of YESS by transferring its functional components to integrative plasmids. The YESS integrative system yields uniform protein expression and protease activities in various configurations, allows one to integrate activity reporters at two independent loci and to split the system between integrative and centromeric plasmids. We characterize these integrative reporters with two viral proteases, Tobacco etch virus (TEVp) and 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro), in terms of coefficient of variance, signal-to-noise ratio and fold-activation. Overall, we provide a framework for chromosomal-based studies that is modular, enabling rigorous high-throughput assays of PTM-enzymes in yeast.
Homology and cohomology via the partial group algebra
Authors: Alves Marcelo Muniz , Dokuchaev Mikhailo , KochloukovA Dessislava H 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We study partial homology and cohomology from the ring theoretic point of view via the partial group algebra $\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}_{par} G$. In particular, we link the partial homology and cohomology of a group G with coefficients in an irreducible (resp. indecomposable) $\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}_{par} G$-module M with the ordinary homology and cohomology groups of a subgroup H of $G,$ where H depends on $M,$ with coefficients in an appropriate irreducible (resp. indecomposable) $\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K} H$-module. Furthermore, we compare the standard cohomological dimension $cd_{\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}}(G)$ (over a field $\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}$) with the partial cohomological dimension $cd_{\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}}^{par}(G)$ (over $\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}$) and show that $cd_{\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}}^{par}(G) \geq cd_{\hspace{2pt} \mathbb{K}}(G)$ and that there is equality for $G = \mathbb{Z}$.
Monte Carlo simulation for photon energy response from the RADOS dosemeter
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Max 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ionizing radiation interaction models are commonly included in Monte Carlo codes. However, as there are different models and different output quantities available, it is important to understand the physical phenomena used. So, the aim of this study is to analyze the photon interaction model called Simple Physical Treatment of the Monte Carlo code MCNPX to estimate the energy dependence of photons from the RADOS dosemeter and to validate this calculation method by comparing it with experimental results found in the literature. The energy deposition in the MTS-N detector and the air kerma were obtained accompanied by their uncertainties, which varied between 1.5% and 3.0%. The RADOS dosemeter simulation and the calculation methodology applied in this study have been validated. Therefore, when using the Simple Physical Treatment model, the effective dose can be corrected by a correction factor calculated from the simulated results.
Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures
Authors: Nauber Tristan , Hodač Ladislav , Wäldchen Jana , Mäder Patrick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Modeling and simulating the growth of the branching of tree species remains a challenge. With existing approaches, we can reconstruct or rebuild the branching architectures of real tree species, but the simulation of the growth process remains unresolved. First, we present a tree growth model to generate branching architectures that resemble real tree species. Secondly, we use a quantitative morphometric approach to infer the shape similarity of the generated simulations and real tree species. Within a functional–structural plant model, we implement a set of biological parameters that affect the branching architecture of trees. By modifying the parameter values, we aim to generate basic shapes of spruce, pine, oak and poplar. Tree shapes are compared using geometric morphometrics of landmarks that capture crown and stem outline shapes. Five biological parameters, namely xylem flow, shedding rate, proprioception, gravitysense and lightsense, most influenced the generated tree branching patterns. Adjusting these five parameters resulted in the different tree shapes of spruce, pine, oak, and poplar. The largest effect was attributed to gravity, as phenotypic responses to this effect resulted in different growth directions of gymnosperm and angiosperm branching architectures. Since we were able to obtain branching architectures that resemble real tree species by adjusting only a few biological parameters, our model is extendable to other tree species. Furthermore, the model will also allow the simulation of structural tree–environment interactions. Our simplifying approach to shape comparison between tree species, landmark geometric morphometrics, showed that even the crown–trunk outlines capture species differences based on their contrasting branching architectures.
Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI and Trypanosoma dionisii in sylvatic bats from Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Moo-Millan Joel Israel , Tu Weihong , de Jesús Montalvo-Balam Teresa , Ibarra-López Martha Pilar , Hernández-Betancourt Silvia , Jesús May-Concha Irving , Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos Napoleón , Barnabé Christian , Dumonteil Eric , Waleckx Etienne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose genetic structure is divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs) known as TcI-TcVI. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, information regarding the DTUs circulating in wild mammals is scarce, while this is important knowledge for our understanding of T. cruzi transmission dynamics.

Methods
In the current study, we sampled wild mammals in a sylvatic site of the Yucatan Peninsula and assessed their infection with T. cruzi by PCR. Then, for infected mammals, we amplified and sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial T. cruzi genetic markers for DTU identification.

Results
In total, we captured 99 mammals belonging to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of infection with T. cruzi was 9% (9/99; 95% CI [5, 16]), and we identified TcI in a Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. Moreover, we fortuitously identified Trypanosoma dionisii in another Jamaican fruit bat and detected an unidentified Trypanosoma species in a third specimen. While the latter discoveries were not expected because we used primers designed for T. cruzi, this study is the first to report the identification of T. dionisii in a bat from Yucatan, Mexico, adding to a recent first report of T. dionisii in bats from Veracruz, and first report of this Trypanosoma species in Mexico.

Conclusion
Further research is needed to enhance our knowledge of T. cruzi DTUs and Trypanosoma diversity circulating in wildlife in Southeastern Mexico.
A challenging case of borderline lepromatous leprosy non-responsive to WHO-MDT: exploring approaches beyond WHO-MDT
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Parkhi Mayur , Chhabra Seema , Narang Tarun , Handa Sanjeev , Dogra Sunil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Just as we prioritize personalized medicine for various other medical conditions, we should also include a neglected disease like leprosy, ensuring that patients receive the best care possible and improving their quality of life. Our case highlights the importance of instituting an alternate therapeutic regimen in a scenario where there is a lack of clinical response to multidrug therapy, even in the absence of documented drug resistance of the currently available molecular diagnostics. The search for the perfect regimen tailored for each individual leprosy patient should continue. Alternate anti-leprosy therapy is highly useful in cases with confirmed drug resistance or clinically non-responsive cases; however, their misuse should also be strictly avoided to prevent the development of resistance to them.
Investigating gout flares: beyond a definition
Authors: Sutherland Charles , Gaffo Angelo L. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Gout flares are a paramount component of disease burden inflicted by gout onto the patient. Furthermore, they are included in the core domain set for long-term gout studies recognized by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology. Along with a validated classification criterion for gout, gout investigators have turned their efforts into defining and characterizing the gout flare. This brief review will summarize the efforts that have been done to define and characterize a gout flare in clinical studies.

Recent findings
Recent findings include a validated definition of a gout flare that has been utilized in novel clinical studies, use of technology to monitor for gout flares and their effects on patient life, and qualitative analyses into the disease burden that a patient undergoes.

Summary
Although guidelines for core outcome domains have been well established, there is question in methods of measuring and reporting gout flares in long-term trials. Furthermore, there is question as to the effectiveness of the agreed upon instruments’ abilities to fully capture the disease burden experienced by patients with gout. A combination of outcome measurements including binary data (gout flare present or absent) along with a comprehensive measurement of disease burden over time would theoretically provide a more accurate description of the disease and serve as a basis for intervention development.