bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF CHORISTONEURA LAMBERTIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO AND WESTERN MONTANA
Authors: McGregor Mark D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sugar pine tortrix heavily defoliated the current season’s needles on lodgepole pine during 1965–66 in southeastern Idaho, and during 1967–68 in western Montana. A brief description of the life stages, damage, and observations on the life history and habits are presented. Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck) is a univoltine insect; oviposition and eclosion occur in late July and early August; first instar larvae spin hibernacula and overwinter in bark cracks, under bark scales, and in other protected locations on the tree and emerge in late May and June. Larvae complete development in approximately 6 weeks, and pupate in July. Adults emerge from about mid-July through early August. Mating and oviposition occur within a few days after adult emergence. Five larval stadia are proposed. Sixteen species of parasites were reared from eggs, larvae, and pupae. One predator was observed feeding on larvae in the field.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF OTOPHEIDOMENIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) ECTOPARASITIC ON SPHINGID MOTHS, WITH A NOTE ON NOCTUISEIUS
Authors: Prasad V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Noctuiseius Prasad is synonymized with Otopheidomenis Treat. Two new species, Otopheidomenis kayosiekeri and Otopheidomenis pholusis, are described and illustrated. O. kayosiekeri is known from Honduras, Panama Canal Zone, and Peru from the sphingid moths Pachylia darceta, P. resumens, and Triptogon lugubris. O. pholusis is known from Bolivia and Honduras from the sphingid moths Pholus sp., P. anchemolis, and P. obliquus. A key to the known species of Otopheidomenis is included.
HELOPHORUS ORIENTALIS (COLEOPTERA: HYDROPHILIDAE), A PARTHENOGENETIC WATER BEETLE FROM SIBERIA AND NORTH AMERICA, AND A BRITISH PLEISTOCENE FOSSIL
Authors: Angus R. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Helophorus species recorded by McCorkle as H. brevipalpis Bedel, and by earlier workers as H. granularis (L.) is found, on examination of the types, to be H. orientalis Motschulsky, a species widespread in eastern Siberia.The types of H. orientalis are described, and a lectotype is designated. The type of H. sahlbergi Kuwert, a species synonymous with H. orienta’is, is also described. Further Siberian and North American material is described with reference to the type, and the means of distinguishing H. orientalis from H. granularis and H. brevipalpis are discussed.Fossil prothoraces from Pleistocene deposits at Brandon, Warwickshire and Great Billing, Northamptonshire, England, are referred to H. orientalis.The life histories of the three species are compared, and differences in the egg cocoons and larvae are illustrated. H. orientalis is shown by laboratory breeding to be parthenogenetic. In the other species no maleless populations are known, and although there is no proof that they cannot breed without males, this is considered very unlikely.The ecologies of the three species are discussed.
PARASITES OF THE BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM, ACLERIS GLOVERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Authors: Torgersen Torolf R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe parasites known to attack the black-headed budworm in Alaska and the relative importance of each species are presented. A key for the identification of parasite adults and notes on the bionomics of each species are given. The list of parasites includes 16 species, contrasting sharply with the 48 species reported from coastal British Columbia. Only two species, Triclistus pallipes Holmg. and Meteorus argyrotaeniae Johansen, appear in the Alaskan complex that do not also appear in the list from British Columbia. Trichogramma minutum Riley, the only egg parasite, caused up to 22% mortality. Four species attacking various larval instars caused 2 to 72% mortality within single larval collections. Two pupal parasites, Itoplectis quadricingulatus (Prov.) and Phaeogenes arcticus Cush., were reared from 10 to 31% of pupae collected in the field.
IDENTIFICATION OF COCOONS AND LAST-INSTAR LARVAL REMAINS OF SOME HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOIDS OF THE ARMYWORM, PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA, IN EASTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Guppy J. C. , Miller C. D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA descriptive key based on phenotypic characteristics displayed by cocoons and/or pupae is offered as a tool for identification of primary parasitoids of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), in eastern Ontario. A second key based on structural differences of the last-instar larval mouthparts and tracheae is offered as a means to differentiate secondary parasitoids associated with the above-mentioned primary forms. Photographs of the cocoons, illustrations of the last-instar larval mouthparts and tracheae, and biological notes on pre-imago habits are included as supplemental criteria for species identification.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: THEIR DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS ON SIZE OF AN INSECT, AGRIA AFFINIS
Authors: Singh Pritam , House H. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA detrimental effect on larval size in Agria affinis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) varied with the kind, among nine, and with the dietary level of antimicrobial food additives in a synthetic diet; for example, inversely with the level of streptomycin sulphate. This and other factors considered suggest need for some caution in the use of such food additives where normal insect specimens are desired.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN NORTH
AMERICA. HOPPING’S GROUP III
Authors: Lanier G. N. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Ips integer (Eichhoff) is removed from
synonymy with plastographus (Leconte), which in
turn is divided into two subspecies: p.
plastographus (Leconte) and
p. maritimus n.
subsp. The former occurs in the subalpine zone of the Sierra Nevada,
Cascade, and northern Rocky Mountain ranges; the latter is apparently
restricted to the California coast.I.
integer and p.
plastographus are partially sympatric, but
even in a mixed attack on the same host the two species were rarely found in
the same gallery systems. In field experiments females showed strong
preference for the sex pheromone of conspecific males. Laboratory-produced
hybrid males were intermediately attractive to both species.In breeding
experiments the plastographus subspecies were
fully interfertile but fertility of backcross and
F2 generations was
reduced. Egg hatchability was low in interspecific combinations of
integer and
plastographus. However, results were
different for the reciprocal pairings and the backcrosses showed increased
fertility. These data defy explanation by nuclear genetics but may result
from cytoplasmic incompatibility.Although integer
and the two plastographus subspecies have the
same karyotypic formula, 15 A A + Xyp, the three
entities can be differentiated by the size of heteropycnotic segments in
pachytene chromosomes and the shapes (centromere position) of some of the
five largest chromosomes at second metaphase. Univalents, multivalents,
bridged anaphases, and other abnormalities were common in hybrids of
plastographus and
integer. Heteromorphic bivalents, but no
other abnormalities, were observed in hybrids of the
plastographus subspecies.
OVARY DEVELOPMENT IN A SCOLYTID BEETLE DENDROCTONUS PSEUDOTSUGAE
(COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): EFFECT OF FARNESYL METHYL ETHER
Authors: Sahota T. S. , Chapman J. A. , Nijholt W. W. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Varying degrees of ovarian development were induced in overwintered
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk., put on (1)
host logs, (2) bark chips, or (3) moist glass paper. In 96 hours the ovaries
of beetles on logs reached maturation, those on bark chips showed only
slight growth, and the third group failed to show any development.Farnesyl
methyl ether induced significant ovarian development in beetles kept on bark
chips or glass paper. It appears that production or release of gonadotrophic
hormone is withheld in insects kept outside their natural gallery
environment. Sensory input associated with gallery excavation may initiate
ovary development by stimulating endocrine activity.
INFLUENCE OF HOST ON LARVAL SURVIVAL AND ADULT FECUNDITY OF
CHORISTONEURA CONFLICTANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Beckwith Roy C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Laboratory experiments indicate a diet of quaking aspen is essential to
give impetus to a population increase of the large aspen tortrix. The
effects of starvation and of five different host plants on larval survival,
pupal weights, and adult egg potential are reported.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A STUDY OF THE PYRAUSTINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) OF TEMPERATE EAST ASIA. X
Authors: Munroe Eugene , Mutuura Akira 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Placosaris Meyrick, type-species P. leucula Meyrick, Sangir, is redescribed. Xanthelectria Meyrick, type-species X. beatrix Meyrick of Java, is sunk as a subjective synonym of Placosaris. The following additional named species are referred to the genus as new combinations: Pyrausta cricophora West, Philippine Is.; Pyr. homoeides West, Philippine Is.; Pyr. triticalis Kenrick, New Guinea; Botys egerialis Snellen, Java, with Xanthelectria beatrix Meyrick as a new subjective synonym; Botys turiusalis Walker, Sarawak, with subjective synonyms B. eriggusalis Walker, Sarawak, B. broesialis Walker, Sarawak, and B. miniatalis Swinhoe, Sumatra; Opsibotys coorumba Hampson, Pyrausta auranticilialis Caradja, Canton; Pyr. subfuscalis Car.; Pachyzancla callistalis Hampson, Assam; Ebulea ochripunctalis Warren, Khasia Hills; Pachyzancla ustulalis Hampson, Ceylon; Ebulea intensalis Swinhoe, Khasia Hills; Psara tiawannalis Shibuya, Taiwan; Ps. intensalis rubellalis Caradja, Lienping, China; this last is considered specifically distinct from Placosaris intensalis. The following new species of Placosaris are described: P. steelei, Burma; P. swanni, Burma; P. lindgreni, Nagrispur; P. dohertyi, Assam; P. arjunoalis, Java and Bali; P. udealis, Assam; P. bornealis, Sarawak and Borneo; P. perakalis, Perak; P. apoialis, Mindanao; P. galogalis, Mindanao. Although the new species are mostly extralimital to Temperate East Asia, they are mostly related to Chinese species.
A NEW SPECIES OFBASILIA(DIPTERA: NYCTERIBIIDAE) FROM COLOMBIA
Authors: Peterson B. V. , Maa T. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBasilia astochianew species is described from Colombia, fromVampyrops helleriPeters. It is closely related toB.ferrisiSch. Stekh. andB.speiseri(Mir. Ribeiro) from which it differs in details of the shape and chaetotaxy of the legs, tergal plates, and sternites. These three species probably form a very closely linked "Artenkreis" occurring from Guatemala to Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru.
PATHOGENICITY TESTS OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES INFECTING THE EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Cunningham J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.), are susceptible to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus as well as nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from the western hemlock looper, L. f. lugubrosa (Hulst), and the western oak looper, L. f. somniaria (Hulst). The pathogenicity of these viruses was similar when tested on eastern hemlock looper larvae and it is suggested that the same virus infects the three subspecies. Resistance to the virus did not increase with age; second-, third-, and fourth-instar larvae were equally susceptible. The period from ingestion to death varied with concentration of virus and rearing temperature. Results of pathogenicity tests are given.
HABITAT SELECTION BY THE APHID PARASITEDIAERETIELLA RAPAE(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) AND HYPERPARASITECHARIPS BRASSICAE(HYMENOPTERA: CYNIPIDAE)
Authors: Read Donald P. , Feeny Paul P. , Root Richard B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA suspected chemical means of habitat selection byDiaeretiella rapae, a primary parasite of aphids on crucifer plants, was investigated in the laboratory with the aid of an olfactometer. Females (and, to a lesser extent, males) were found to be attracted by odor to leaves and leaf juices of a crucifer host plant and to dilute solutions of the mustard oil allyl isothiocyanate. Given a choice of aphid colonies (Myzus persicae) on leaves of beet (Chenopodiaceae — mustard oils not present) and collard (Cruciferae — mustard oils present), femaleD.rapaedisplayed a marked preference to oviposit in aphids feeding on collard. It is concluded that femaleD.rapaeparasites locate their hosts initially by a response to an odor emanating from the aphid host-plant, followed by visual searching. MaleD.rapaewere attracted by odor from femaleD.rapae, suggesting the existence of a sex pheromone in this species.Neither males nor females ofCharips brassicae, a hyperparasite ofD.rapae, were attracted to collard leaves, though females showed apparent attraction to femaleD.rapae. As withD.rapae, males ofC.brassicaeare attracted by odor to females of the same species.The host finding behavior ofD.rapaeis discussed in relation to that of other insect species belonging to the fauna associated with the plant family Cruciferae.
THE MUSCLES AND ENDOSTERNUM OF HAEMOGAMASUS AMBULANS (ACARINA: HAEMOGAMASIDAE)
Authors: Young Jerry H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe origins and insertions of the muscles of the gnathosoma, idiosoma, and appendages are illustrated and described. Idiosomal muscles are shown to be associated with external plates and in some cases with the endosternum. The articulations of all legs arc shown. The functions of most muscles are given. The principal muscles of the appendages as revealed in this study are flexor muscles but opposing muscles are shown to be much more common than previously thought. Hydrostatic pressure is apparently responsible for extension of the appendages. The position and function of the endosternum is given.
LIFE HISTORY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF PANDEMIS CERASANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Evans David 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPandemis cerasana (Hubner), a common leaf roller of deciduous trees in northern Eurasia, was found in North America for the first time at Victoria, B.C., in 1964. No other recovery points have been reported. The insect feeds on a variety of broad-leaf trees and shrubs but seems most attracted to Garry oak, and has caused sporadic defoliation. This illustrated study presents descriptions of the adult and life history in more detail than heretofore available, as well as initial descriptions of the immature stages and their habits, with discussion on local population changes. Parasitism and disease was negligible.
THE ANTENNAE AS THE SITE OF PHEROMONE RECEPTORS IN THE EASTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Albert P. J. , Seabrook W. D. , Paim U. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractElectrophysiological recordings are taken from the antennae of eastern spruce budworm males. These respond to crude pheromone extracts from the females. The pheromone receptors are located along the length of the antennae.
THE SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OFLEPTOCERA CAENOSA(DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE) IN LABORATORY CULTURES
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. , Glen G. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA colony ofLeptocera caenosa(R.) was self-sustaining for 60 generations in a variety of organically rich media. With a wet larval medium of green grass meal and expanded mica in equal volumes at 17 °C the life cycle was completed (female to female) in an average of 31 days (egg stage, 2 days; larval and pupal periods, 13 days each). Green grass meal was superior to a standard cereal house-fly medium (CSMA) and legume leaf meals; a low coumarin strain of sweet clover was superior to a high coumarin strain. A non-sterile nutrient solution was also successfully used. In one sample of fresh alfalfa meal the pupal period was about 2.5 times longer than that in grass meal, possibly because of the presence of an estrogenic hormone.The species survived a 3-month exposure to 7 °C but not 1.5 °C, indicating that it could not readily survive out-of-doors during the winter in Saskatchewan.
PARASITES OF THE BALSAM GALL MIDGE, DASINEURA BALSAMICOLA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Osgood E. A. , Dimond J. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNewly emerged adults of several species of parasites of the balsam gall midge were collected in the spring and fall. Biological notes on individual species are given.
BIOLOGY OF SULPHURETYLENCHUS ELONGATUS (NEMATODA: SPHAERULARIIDAE), AND ITS EFFECT ON ITS HOST, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Ashraf M. , Berryman A. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe developmental stages of Sulphuretylenchus elongatus, an abundant nematode parasite of Scolytus ventralis, are described. The life cycle was generally synchronized with its host, nematode reproduction usually occurring in the adult beetle after it had attacked a new tree. Reproduction occasionally occurred in the host larva. In these cases encapsulation of some nematode eggs and larvae was observed and the host usually died. Free-living infective stage nematodes emerged from the host, mated in the bark beetle galleries, and the female nematode reinfected bark beetle larvae by penetrating the cuticle.Parasitism by S. elongatus caused delayed emergence, limited flight, and aberrant attack behavior by infected S. ventralis. Female bark beetles were sterilized by heavy infection and partially sterilized by light or moderate infection. The effects of parasitism on males was not as severe. Some egg and larval mortality was attributed to nematode attack, and adult survival was reduced by infection.Parasitism was slightly higher in female bark beetles. The incidence of parasitism decreased somewhat in the upper levels of the tree. Host density appeared to have little effect on per cent parasitism although the degree of super-parasitism increased with host density.
INTRINSIC FACTORS CAUSING QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN POPULATIONS OFPORTHETRIA DISPAR(LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Leonard David E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEvidence is presented to suggest that the gypsy moth,Porthetria dispar(L.), is numerically self-regulating through a shift in the quality of individuals induced by changes in nutrition. This qualitative change affects dispersal, behavior, developmental rate, and fecundity, and this providesP.disparwith the ability to respond to intrinsic and extrinsic factors faster and more efficiently than if dependent on selection. Adaptability is further facilitated because the change in quality can be induced either in the previous generation by the amount of nutrient reserves provided the eggs, or during the current generation by hunger, crowding, or cool temperature. This change is best characterized by an increase in the number of larvae with additional instars. In these larvae, a prolongation of instar I and a shift in behavior increases their potential for dispersal. The similarities and differences betweenP.disparandMalacosoma pluviale(Dyar) are discussed.
A XENIC, PARTIALLY SYNTHETIC DIET FOR THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Laing D. Ruth , Hagen K. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn inexpensive, artificial diet made with carrot powder, a commercially available product of Saccharomyces fragilis, ascorbic acid, mold inhibitors, and agar gave as good or better yields of G. molesta (Busck) moths as was reared from apples. One moth per 1.25 ml of medium at a cost of.08c per moth was the best obtained.
NEW SPECIES OF FORCIPOMYIA (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) DESCRIBED IN ALL STAGES
Authors: Chan K. L. , LeRoux E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new species of Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) and three new species of Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) are described in all stages.Saunders’ "Lasiohelea complex" is reviewed and is here suggested to be restricted to Kieffer’s Lasiohelea (s. lat.) and to comprise the following Forcipomyia subgenera: Synthyridomyia, Thyridomyia, Lasiohelea, Dacnoforcipomyia and the subgenus represented by Lane’s Lasiohelea stylifer Lutz.It is also suggested, pending further evidence, that Lasiohelea be returned to its original generic status.
HEAD AND NECK MUSCULATURE OF THE MALE ADULT SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Albert P. J. , Seabrook W. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe head and neck muscles of the spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clem.), are reported. Thirty-nine muscles with their origins, insertions, and functions are described. This forms part of a study on the brain and suboesophageal ganglionic mass of the same species.
THE PIAGETIELLA (MALLOPHAGA: MENOPONIDAE) OF THE PELECANIFORMES
Authors: Price Roger D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight species of the genus Piagetiella are discussed and illustrated. There are two new synonymies: P. africana (Bedford) (= Tetrophthalmus australis Bedford) and P. titan (Piaget) (= Tetrophthalmus subtitan Bedford). A key is given to the species.
A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF CHRYSAUGINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new Chrysauginae are described: Mimetauge n. gen., type-species M. napeogenalis n. sp., a mimetic species from Peru; Zaboba unicoloralis n. sp., California; Caphys arizonensis n. sp., Arizona. Acallis mitchelli Dyar is transferred to Zaboba.
THRESHOLD TEMPERATURES FOR THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSome individual processes, e.g., moulting, in the development of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) can proceed at temperatures as low as 7.2 °C but not at 6.3 °C. the threshold for complete postovarial development lies between 9.2° and 11.7 °C. The threshold for deposition of viable eggs is between 10.7° and 11.7 °C, though some females eclosing at 7.2 °C lay inviable eggs at 9.8 °C. Experimental values obtained in the determination of threshold temperatures can be expressed as two temperatures: the permissive, the lowest experimental temperature allowing a particular process to proceed; and the inhibitive, the highest experimental temperature (below the permissive) preventing completion of the process. The actual threshold lies between these temperatures.
THE GENUSCUERNA(HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) IN CANADA
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genusCuernaMelichar as represented in Canada is reviewed.Cuerna costalis(Fabr.) is recorded for the first time. Seven new species ofCuernaare described from the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia:cuesta,fenestella,inflata,nielsoni,pseudoalba,reducta, andxyla. The identities ofC.striata(Walker),C.lugens(Walker), andC.septentrionalis(Walker) are determined. All the species are described and illustrated, and a key is provided to the species-groups and species from Canada.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGIES OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF IPS SPP. BARK BEETLES IN VIRGINIA
Authors: Berisford C. W. , Kulman H. M. , Pienkowski R. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBiological data are given for Coeloides pissodis (Ashmead), Dendrosoter sulcatus Muesebeck, Heterospilus sp., Spathius pallidus Ashmead, Eurytoma conica Provancher, Cecidostiba polygraphi Ashmead, Heydenia unica Cook and Davis, Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg), Rhopalicus pulchripennis (Crawford), Rhopalicus tutela (Walker), and Tomicobia tibialis Ashmead. Only Coeloides pissodis was always closely associated with its host. The other larval parasites were often found disassociated from any host, suggesting an ability to seek out hosts in Ips galleries and the potential to attack more than one host. Observations indicated that pupal parasitism may be significant. Comment on the potential of some parasites as control agents is included.