bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reshaping an enduring sense of self: the process of recovery from a first episode of schizophrenia
Authors: Romano Donna M. , McCay Elizabeth , Goering Paula , Boydell Katherine , Zipursky Robert 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim: Although advances in the treatment of schizophrenia have been made, little is known about the process of recovery from first episode of schizophrenia (FES). To date, the study of recovery in the field of mental health has focused on long‐term mental illness. This qualitative study addresses ways in which individuals with FES describe their process of recovery and how identified individuals (e.g. family members) describe their perceptions of and roles in the participant's process of recovery.Methods: Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory methodology was used to interview 10 young adults twice who self‐identified as recovering from FES. In addition, 10 individuals were identified who had influenced their recovery and were interviewed once, for a total of 30 interviews. Data collection sources included in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. Data analysis methods were consistent with Charmaz's methodology and included coding, and constant comparison of data.Results: The results provide a substantive theory of the process of recovery from FES that is comprised of the following phases: ‘Who they were prior to the illness’, ‘Lives interrupted: Encountering the illness’, ‘Engaging in services and supports’, ‘Re‐engaging in life’, ‘Envisioning the future’; and the core category, ‘Re‐shaping an enduring sense of self’, that occurred throughout all phases. A prominent feature of this model is that participants' enduring sense of self were reshaped rather than reconstructed throughout their recovery.Conclusions: This model of recovery from FES is unique, and as such, provides implications for clinical care, research and policy development for these young adults and their families.
Primary pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) – two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Lazarus Angeline , Fuhrer Gregory , Malekiani Christina , McKay Sean , Thurber John 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  We present two cases with symptoms of progressively worsening cough, dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance and right‐sided back pain in the first case and upper respiratory symptoms characterized by cough and a low grade fever in the second case.Methods:  Report of two cases.Results:  The initial chest X‐ray in both the cases showed pleural effusion. Further imaging with computed tomography of the chest confirmed the effusion in both cases. Thoracentesis was done in both of them revealed an exudative effusion that did not reveal any infection or malignancy. Both cases underwent surgical biopsy and the diagnosis of primary pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma was made.Conclusions:  Both the cases had progressive clinical deterioration despite chemotherapy with Taxol and Bevacizumab in one case and carboplatin, etoposide, and bevacizumab, in the second case. Both developed metastatic disease to lungs and died.Please cite this paper as: Lazarus A, Fuhrer G, Malekiani C, McKay S and Thurber J. Primary pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) – two cases and review of the literature. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: e1–e5.
Loggerhead turtle eggshells as a source of maternal nuclear genomic DNA for population genetic studies
Authors: SHAMBLIN BRIAN M. , DODD MARK G. , WILLIAMS KRISTINA L. , FRICK MICHAEL G. , BELL REBECCA , NAIRN CAMPBELL J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTagging studies on nesting beaches are commonly used to estimate nesting frequency, remigration interval and nesting population size for marine turtle rookeries. Estimates of these demographic parameters from tagging projects may be biased because of the small scale of tagging efforts relative to female nest site fidelity and the logistical difficulty of intercepting all nesting females. Therefore, alternative and supplemental means of individual identification of nesting females are required. We demonstrate that maternal nuclear microsatellite DNA can be isolated from unincubated eggshells of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) through comparison of DNA extracted from 59 eggs collected within 15 h of oviposition and DNA derived from skin samples from respective nesting females. Scorable microsatellite genotypes were produced in 897 of 994 (90.2%) single‐locus egg amplifications attempted. Among eggs from known females, 730 of 748 (97.6%) single‐locus, egg‐derived genotypes matched the respective skin‐derived genotypes. Allelic dropout was the most common type of error, followed by the presence of nonmaternal, presumably paternal, alleles. Genotypes derived from unincubated eggshells permit individual assignment of nests and therefore demographic parameter estimates for loggerhead turtle nesting populations, despite genotyping errors that require further optimization. Although sampling unincubated eggs is destructive, this technique is noninvasive to nesting females and is applicable in marine turtle population genetics studies when individual resolution is required but direct interception of nesting females is undesirable or logistically infeasible.
Population decline assessment, historical baselines, and conservation
Authors: Bonebrake Timothy C. , Christensen Jon , Boggs Carol L. , Ehrlich Paul R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractScientific and historical knowledge of worldwide animal‐population decline is fragmentary at best. However, understanding historical population trends is essential for informing best efforts to preserve species. We reviewed the literature of long‐term studies of population declines across a set of animal taxa and found that only 15% of the studies used data older than 100 years, and 58% of the studies lacked continuous data. Based on our review, we describe five general approaches to studying population declines: counting, correlative, evolutionary, geochemical, and historical. The most common method of population assessment was a census/counting approach (75% of studies) followed by a range mapping/correlative approach (17% of studies). Evolutionary, geochemical, and historical approaches are used less often but, in combination with traditional counting and correlative methods, they hold great potential as tools for conservation. The multidisciplinary approaches we identify and advocate here will be useful for understanding and potentially reversing population declines and ultimately stemming the tide of extinctions currently underway.
Cryptic destruction of India's native forests
Authors: Puyravaud Jean‐Philippe , Davidar Priya , Laurance William F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIndia sustains some of the world's most imperiled forests. The Forest Survey of India recently announced that forest cover in India had expanded by nearly 5% over the past decade. This result, while technically accurate, is misleading. The Forest Survey estimates forest cover by using automated algorithms to analyze satellite imagery—an approach that fails to distinguish native forests from tree plantations, which are often monocultures of exotic species that have limited value for endangered biodiversity. Since the early 1990s, tree plantations have expanded in India at an estimated rate of roughly 15,400 km2/year. Subtracting plantations from total forest cover shows that native forests in India have declined by 1.5%–2.7% per year. The limited precision of our estimate highlights a paucity of data on native forest cover in India—a problem requiring urgent attention. Forest cutting for fuelwood has been the biggest driver of forest loss and thinning in India. Like India, many nations now rely on satellite imagery to discern changes in vegetation cover, and these frequently lump native, exotic, and degraded forest types. Without sufficiently high‐resolution imagery and adequate safeguards, such approaches could paint a misleading picture of the fate of the world's native forests.
BEITRAG ZUR KLINIK DER HYALINOSIS CUTIS ET MUCOSAE (LIPOID‐GLUKO‐PROTEINOSE URBACH‐WIETHE)**
Authors: Bacskulin József , Bacskulin Elisabeth , GEWIDMET J. FRANÇOIS 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae ist bisjetzt in der Ophthalmologie wenig bearbeitet worden. Da abgesehen von der Lidbeteiligung keine wesentlichen Augenbeschwerden vorhanden sind, gelangen die Patientin meistens an den Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngologen und Dermatologen, seltener an den Internisten. Die Lidbeteiligung kann jedoch so charakteristisch sein, dass sie einen bedeutenden Hinweis auf die Diagnosestellung geben kann. Eine erfolgversprechende The rapie besteht nicht. Durch Engere Zusammenarbeit mit den anderen Fachgebieten wird die Klärung dieses Krankheitsbildes vorangebracht.Es ist uns eine angenehme Pflicht, an dieser Stelle Herrn Prof. Dr. G. W. Korting (Direktor der Univ.‐Hautklinik in Mainz) herzlich für seine Unterstützung, sowie für die Überlassung der beiden letzten Fälle zu danken.
The Six‐Party Nuclear Talks: An Evaluation and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Kwak Tae‐Hwan 
Published: August 2010

North Korea's alleged admission of a highly enriched uranium program sparked the current nuclear crisis on the Korean peninsula, leading to resumption of North Korea's nuclear weapons development program. According to U.S. intelligence estimates, North Korea already has four or five nuclear devices. Thus, the North Korean nuclear issue–a serious international issue that is the most important obstacle to the Korean peace process –needs to be resolved as soon as possible peacefully through diplomatic negotiations at the six‐party talks. The Bush administration insisted that the North Korean nuclear crisis be resolved through the six‐party talks, whereas North Korea insisted on bilateral talks with the U.S.The author in this article analyzed the origin and development of the current nuclear crisis on the Korean peninsula, to evaluate the six‐party talks as an multilateral framework of resolving the nuclear issue from the first round of the six‐party nuclear talks to the third round in detail, and to make policy recommendations for resolving the North Korean nuclear issue at least at the initial phase of North Korean nuclear dismantlement. The six‐party talks process is not yet dead, and will continue.The author maintains that bilateral talks between the U.S. and North Korea are essential to the resolution of North Korea's nuclear standoff peacefully and diplomatically. Both need to engage in direct negotiations without preconditions through the six‐party talks process. Both U.S. and North Korea's hard‐line policies cannot solve the nuclear issue peacefully. Therefore, both sides need to be flexible about their respective positions with political will to compromise. The U.S. should be prepared for specifying its road map for multilateral security assurances for North Korea. The author also argues that the U.S. should reconsider proposing possible economic or energy incentives in exchange for North Korea's nuclear freeze to dismantle its nuclear programs.
North Korean Energy Problems and Solutions: A Russian Perspective1
Authors: Toloraya Georgy , Trigubenko Marina 
Published: August 2010

The energy situation in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) remains very difficult and could prevent the economic progress of the country even if large foreign assistance and investment were at hand. Analysis of the country's energy supply and demand patterns shows that the outdated energy‐hungry industries and the wasteful use of energy due to a lack of incentives lead to a much higher energy use per unit of gross domestic profit (GDP) than in comparable economies. On the other hand the domestic supply is limited, while the lack of financing sources limits the external supply. The DPRK cannot attain energy security on its own: this is the priority task for international assistance, especially in the context of the Six‐Party peace process.  Suggested measures include modernization of energy sector management, an internationally‐funded system of training of personnel, the modernization of energy sector facilities, the construction of new facilities and innovation. The South Korean role is very important and its assistance should be coordinated with broader international aid in the framework of the Six‐Party talks. Multilateral energy assistance arrangements, including a possible consortium should be considered. Such a body could draw a comprehensive plan of the DPRK's energy production and consumption patterns and the needed investment correlated with the overall prognosis of the DPRK's economic development.
Quantitative assessment of increased sensitivity of chronic laminitic horses to hoof tester evoked pain
Authors: VIÑUELA‐FERNANDEZ I. , JONES E. , McKENDRICK I. J. , MOLONY V. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:To evaluate quantitative sensory testing (QST) of the feet of laminitic horses using a power‐assisted hoof tester.Hypothesis:Hoof Compression Thresholds (HCTs) can be measured reliably and are consistently lower in horses with chronic laminitis than in normal horses.Methods:HCTs of chronic laminitic (n = 7) and normal horses (n = 7) were repeatedly measured using a hydraulically powered and feedback controlled hoof tester. Data from 2 tests, at 3 sites in both forefeet, during 3 sessions were collected and statistically analysed using linear mixed models.Results:The mean ± s.e. HCT for the laminitic horses was 29.6 ± 3.5 kg/cm2and for horses in the normal group was 59.8 ± 4.3 kg/cm2. Residual variance was the largest of the error components and was greater (P<0.001) for the normal horses; none of the other components significantly differed between the 2 groups. Averaging of HCTs from each foot could produce a test with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.83 for the normal group and 0.87 for the laminitic group, with an estimated sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.93. This test would permit detection with 80% power and 95% confidence of a reduction of over 40% in the difference in mean HCTs between laminitic and normal horses following effective treatment provided that the experimental groups are of 9 or more horses.Conclusions:HCTs can be safely and reliably measured experimentally using this hoof tester. The level of variability found indicates that, under these conditions, treatments may need to produce at least a 40% improvement to be detected. Simplification of the hoof tester, training of the horse and repeated testing may permit the method to be used clinically to detect changes in the HCTs of individual laminitic horses but these potential improvements will require further investigation.Potential relevance:Measurement of HCTs can provide an additional means for assessing the effectiveness of treatments for alleviation of chronic equine laminitis.
Monsoon control over erosion patterns in the Western Himalaya: possible feed-back into the tectonic evolution
Authors: Clift Peter D. , Giosan Liviu , Carter Andrew , Garzanti Eduardo , Galy Valier , Tabrez Ali R. , Pringle Malcolm , Campbell Ian H. , France-Lanord Christian , Blusztajn Jurek , Allen Charlotte , Alizai Anwar , Lückge Andreas , Danish Mohammed , Rabbani M.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Indus Delta is constructed of sediment eroded from the western Himalaya and since 20 ka has been subjected to strong variations in monsoon intensity. Provenance changes rapidly at 12–8 ka, although bulk and heavy mineral content remains relatively unchanged. Bulk sediment analyses shows more negative εNdand higher87Sr/86Sr values, peaking around 8–9 ka. Apatite fission track ages and biotite Ar–Ar ages show younger grains ages at 8–9 ka compared to at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the same time δ13C climbs from –23 to –20‰, suggestive of a shift from terrestrial to more marine organic carbon as Early Holocene sea level rose. U–Pb zircon ages suggest enhanced erosion of the Lesser Himalaya and a relative reduction in erosion from the Transhimalaya and Karakoram since the LGM. The shift in erosion to the south correlates with those regions now affected by the heaviest summer monsoon rains. The focused erosion along the southern edge of Tibet required by current tectonic models for the Greater Himalaya would be impossible to achieve without a strong summer monsoon. Our work supports the idea that although long-term monsoon strengthening is caused by uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, monsoon-driven erosion controls Himalayan tectonic evolution.Supplementary material:A table of the population breakdown for zircons in sands and the predicted Nd isotope composition of sediments based on the zircons compared to the measured whole rock value is available athttp://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18412
Geochemical records in the South China Sea: implications for East Asian summer monsoon evolution over the last 20 Ma
Authors: Wan Shiming , Clift Peter D. , Li Anchun , Li Tiegang , Yin Xuebo 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

We reconstruct past changes in the East Asian summer monsoon over the last 20 Ma using samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1146 of Leg 184 in the northern South China Sea based on the major (Al, Ca, Na, K, Ti, etc.) and trace element (Rb, Sr, and Ba) geochemistry of terrigenous sediments. This study and combined review suggests that the long-term evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon is similar to that of the Indian summer monsoon, but distinct from the East Asian winter monsoon. Generally, the Asian summer monsoon intensity has decreased gradually from its maximum in the Early Miocene. In contrast, the Asian winter monsoon shows a phased enhancement since 20 Ma
bp
. Moreover, our study shows that the long-term intensities of the Asian summer and winter monsoons may have different forcing factors. Specifically, the winter monsoon is strongly linked to phased uplift of Tibetan plateau and to Northern Hemispheric Glaciation. In contrast, global cooling since 20 Ma
bp
may have largely reduced the amount of water vapour held in the atmosphere and thus weakened the Asian summer monsoon.
Colder Subarctic Pacific with larger sea ice caused by closure of the Central American Seaway and its influence on the East Asian monsoon: a climate model study
Authors: Motoi Tatsuo , Chan Wing-Le 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The changes in the sea-ice conditions and sea surface temperatures in the Subarctic Pacific caused by the closure of the Central American Seaway and their influence on the East Asian monsoon are investigated by a series of closed (CE), open (OE) and re-closed (RCE) seaway experiments with a climate model. It is found that a permanent halocline forms in the Subarctic Pacific because of the termination of saline water transport through the seaway in CE and RCE. Efficient cooling by shallow convection in the stratified permanent halocline causes thicker and more extensive sea ice in winter, and leads to colder surface water in summer in the Subarctic Pacific.
Colder air, over more extensive sea ice cover in winter and over the colder water in summer, produces higher surface air pressure with anticyclonic wind anomalies in both seasons. Southeasterly and southerly wind anomalies develop around the Japanese archipelago in the East Asian monsoon region and induce warm and humid surface air with increased precipitation over the East Asian continent. These results indicate that the East Asian monsoon is weakened in winter and strengthened in summer as a result of closing the Central American Seaway.
Marine records of East Asian monsoon variability over the past 5 Ma
Authors: Chen Min-Te , Chang Yuan-Pin , Yu Pai-Sen , Shiau Liang-Jian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Marine sedimentary cores retrieved from the western Pacific provide important clues for deciphering how the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) system has evolved during the past 5 Ma. Here we briefly review some recent progress on the reconstructions of the EAM based on marine SST (sea surface temperature), SSS (sea surface salinity), and productivity records from the SCS (South China Sea) and ECS (East China Sea) and their implications for EAM evolution and variability on tectonic, orbital and millennial timescales. This review highlights the importance of high resolution sampling on giant marine cores (such as cores collected with the International Marine Past Global Change, IMAGES program) that provide opportunities for better defining the timing and amplitude of the EAM variability expressed in marine records. We also discuss possible future directions of EAM palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic studies that require development of multiple new marine EAM proxies and a comparison of the marine records with the stalagmite records on land.
Aeolian sediment evidence that global cooling has driven late Cenozoic stepwise aridification in central Asia
Authors: Lu H. , Wang X. , Li L. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
It has been a long held view that uplift of the Tibetan Plateau dominated stepwise climatic drying in central Asia during the late Cenozoic. On the other hand, global cooling may also have forced Asian drying and the subsequent formation of aeolian deposits in north China. Until now, whether the Tibetan uplift or the global cooling has been the first-order driver controlling stepwise Asian drying has remained a contentious issue. In this study, we examine the thick aeolian silt deposit, which is regarded as a good archive of palaeoclimatic changes in central Asia and north China, in order to qualitatively reconstruct the drying process in Asia during the late Cenozoic. On the basis of our long-term field surveys, laboratory analyses and previous investigations, we have obtained time sequences of Asian drying from the early Miocene to late Pleistocene; we compare this newly reconstructed time series of Asian aridification with the time series of global cooling and Tibetan uplift to identify the first-order driver of stepwise Asian aridification. A good match between the drying and global cooling might indicate that global cooling was the most likely driver of stepwise drying in interior Asia. On the other hand, controversy regarding timing and amplitude of Tibetan uplift during the late Cenozoic suggests that the prevailing conclusion that Tibetan uplift forces Asian drying should be regarded as immature. A mechanism that global cooling drove the Asian drying is tentatively suggested.
Desertification and dust emission history of the Tarim Basin and its relation to the uplift of northern Tibet
Authors: Tada Ryuji , Zheng Hongbo , Sugiura Naomi , Isozaki Yuko , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Sun Youbin , Yang Wengang , Wang Ke , Toyoda Shin 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
The potential links between uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau and desertification of inland Asia have been a long-considered problem in geology. Although a close link between the two has been suggested by theoretical climatic simulations, not enough geological data has existed to test the theory. Here, we conducted semi-quantitative field observations of a Neogene fluvial sequence at the Yecheng section on the southwestern margin of the Tarim Basin in order to confirm the origin and mode of deposition of the aeolian siltstone, determine the onset timing, evaluate quantitatively the temporal evolution of its deposition and its relationship to the tectonically driven surface uplift of NW Tibet. The results suggest a close link between the uplift of northwestern Tibet, alluvial fan formation, dust emission from Taklimakan Desert and the deposition of loess on the alluvial fans.