bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The air conditioning in the nose of mammals depends on their mass and on their maximal running speed
Authors: Rigaut Clément , Giaprakis Alice , Deruyver Laura , Goole Jonathan , Lambert Pierre , Haut Benoît 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nose of the mammals is responsible for filtering, humidifying, and heating the air before entering the lower respiratory tract. This conditioning avoids, notably, dehydration of the bronchial and alveolar mucosa. However, since this conditioning is not perfect, exercising in cold air can induce lung inflammation, both for human and non-human mammals. This work aims to compare the air conditioning in the noses of various mammals during inspiration. We build our study on computational fluid dynamics simulations of the heat exchanges in the lumen of the upper respiratory tract of these mammals. These simulations show that the efficiency of the air conditioning in the nose during inspiration does not relate only to the mass m of the mammal but also to its maximal running speed v. More precisely, the results allow establishing a scaling law relating the efficiency of air conditioning in the nose of mammals to the ratio $$v/\log _{10}(m)$$

v
/

log
10

(
m
)

. The simulations also correlate the resistance to the flow in the nose to the efficiency of this air conditioning. The obtained scaling law allows predicting the air temperature at the top of the trachea during inspiration for nasal-breathing mammals, and thus notably for humans of various ages.
An effective antibiofilm strategy based on bacteriophages armed with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Szymczak Mateusz , Pankowski Jarosław A. , Kwiatek Agnieszka , Grygorcewicz Bartłomiej , Karczewska-Golec Joanna , Sadowska Kamila , Golec Piotr 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe emerging antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a key problem in modern medicine that has led to a search for novel therapeutic strategies. A potential approach for managing such bacteria involves the use of their natural killers, namely lytic bacteriophages. Another effective method involves the use of metal nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties. However, the use of lytic phages armed with nanoparticles as an effective antimicrobial strategy, particularly with respect to biofilms, remains unexplored. Here, we show that T7 phages armed with silver nanoparticles exhibit greater efficacy in terms of controlling bacterial biofilm, compared with phages or nanoparticles alone. We initially identified a novel silver nanoparticle-binding peptide, then constructed T7 phages that successfully displayed the peptide on the outer surface of the viral head. These recombinant, AgNP-binding phages could effectively eradicate bacterial biofilm, even when used at low concentrations. Additionally, when used at concentrations that could eradicate bacterial biofilm, T7 phages armed with silver nanoparticles were not toxic to eukaryotic cells. Our results show that the novel combination of lytic phages with phage-bound silver nanoparticles is an effective, synergistic and safe strategy for the treatment of bacterial biofilms.
Initiation and continuation of pharmacological therapies in patients hospitalized for heart failure in Japan
Authors: Okami Suguru , Lecomte Coralie , Raad Hanaya , Aguila Mireia , Mohrova Zuzana , Takeichi Makiko , Tsuchiya Takanori , Ohlmeier Christoph , Evers Thomas , Michel Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrently, the utilization patterns of medications for heart failure (HF) after worsening HF events remain unelucidated in Japan. Here, we conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating the changes in HF drug utilization patterns in 6 months before and after hospitalizations for HF. The adherence to newly initiated HF medications was evaluated based on the proportion of days covered (PDC) and persistence as continuous treatment episodes among new users. The study included 9091 patients hospitalized for HF between January 2016 and September 2019, including 2735 (30.1%) patients who were newly prescribed at least one HF medication after hospitalization. Despite increases in the use of foundational HF therapy (beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists), 35.6% and 7.6% of patients were treated with the HF foundational monotherapy or diuretics alone after hospitalization, respectively. The mean PDC of newly initiated HF medications ranged from 0.57 for thiazide diuretics to 0.77 for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Continuous use of HF medications during the first year after initiation was observed in 30–60% of patients. The mean PDC and one-year continuous HF medication use were consistently lower in patients aged ≥ 75 years and in patients with a history of HF hospitalization for all HF medication classes except for tolvaptan and digoxin. Despite the guideline recommendations of HF pharmacotherapy, both treatment and adherence were suboptimal after HF hospitalization, especially in vulnerable populations such as older patients and those with prior HF hospitalizations.
Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks from design, synthesis to biological applications
Authors: Li Xin-Gui , Li Junjian , Chen JinFeng , Rao Liangmei , Zheng Libin , Yu Fei , Tang Yijing , Zheng Jie , Ma Jie 
Published: April 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute a class of highly functional porous materials composed of lightweight elements interconnected by covalent bonds, characterized by structural order, high crystallinity, and large specific surface area.
The Association Between Tinnitus Sensation–Level Loudness and Sleep Quality in Patients With Subjective Consecutive Tinnitus: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Ding Zhiwei , Zhang Chi , Wang Fangyuan , Wu Xiedong , Chen Tingting , Wang Li , Jiang Yuke , Han Dongyi , Shen Weidong 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
So far, there have been no in-depth analyses of the connection between tinnitus sensation–level loudness and sleep quality. Accordingly, the present study was formulated as a mediation analysis focused on exploring this relationship.

Method:
Overall, 1,255 adults with consecutive subjective tinnitus who had sought outpatient treatment were enrolled in the present study.

Results:
Direct effects of tinnitus sensation–level loudness on sleep quality were not statistically significant (95% confidence intervals [CI] include zero), as measured by the point estimate, −0.016. However, the 95% CI for indirect effects did not include zero when assessing the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores, the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and self-reported tinnitus annoyance.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that tinnitus sensation–level loudness does not directly have an effect on sleep quality. However, it indirectly impacts sleep quality, mediated by SAS scores, SDS scores, the impact of tinnitus on life measured using the VAS, and self-reported tinnitus annoyance. As such, alleviating anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus may result in reductions in their insomnia even if there is no reduction in tinnitus loudness. Importantly, otolaryngologists and other clinicians treating tinnitus should refer patients with tinnitus suffering from insomnia with comorbid depression or anxiety for appropriate psychological and/or psychiatric treatment.
LPNet: A remote sensing scene classification method based on large kernel convolution and parameter fusion
Authors: Wang Guowei , Shi Furong , Wang Xinyu , Xu Haixia , Yuan Liming , Wen Xianbin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRemote sensing scene images contain numerous feature targets with unrelated semantic information, so how to extract to the local key information and semantic features of the image becomes the key to achieving accurate classification. Existing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) mostly concentrate on the global representation of an image and lose the shallow features. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes LPNet for remote sensing scene image classification. First, LPNet employs LKConv to extract the semantic features in the image, while using standard convolution to extract local key information in the image. Additionally, the LPNet applies a shortcut residual concatenation branch to reuse features. Then, parameter fusion combines parameters from previous branches, improving the capacity of the model to obtain a more comprehensive and rich feature representation of the image. Finally, considering the relationship between the classification ability of the model and the depth of feature extraction, the Feature Mixture (FM) Block is used to deepen the model for feature extraction. Comparative experiments on four publicly available datasets show that LPNet provides comparable results to other state‐of‐the‐art methods. The effectiveness of LPNet is further demonstrated by visualizing the effective receptive fields (ERFs).
On the anti‐intercept features of noise radars
Authors: Galati Gaspare , Pavan Gabriele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRobustness against Electronic Warfare/Electronic Defence attacks represents an important advantage of Noise Radar Technology (NRT). An evaluation of the related Low Probability of Detection (LPD) and of Intercept (LPI) is presented for Continuous Emission Noise Radar (CE‐NR) waveforms with different operational parameters, that is, “tailored”, and with various “degrees of randomness”. In this frame, three different noise radar waveforms, a phase Noise (APCN) and two “tailored” noise waveforms (FMeth and COSPAR), are compared by time–frequency analysis. Using a correlator (i.e. a two antennas) receiver, assuming a complete knowledge of the band (B) and duration (T) of the coherent emission of these waveforms, it will be shown that the LPD features of a CE‐NR do not significantly differ from those of any CE radar transmitting deterministic waveforms. However, in real operations, B and T are unknown; hence, assuming an instantaneous bandwidth estimation will show that the duration T can be estimated only for some specific “tailored” waveforms (of course, not to be operationally used). The effect of “tailoring” is analysed with prospects for future work. Finally, some limitations in the classification of these radar signals are analysed.
Sequential Paired Electrochemical Transformation of Styrene Oxide via Anodic Meinwald Rearrangement and Cathodic Nitro­methylation in an Electrochemical Flow Reactor with Catalytic Electrical Input
Authors: Sato Eisuke , Suga Seiji , Nagamine Kanon , Sasaki Chika , Kunimoto Shumpei , Mitsudo Koichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPaired electrosynthesis, which utilize both anodic and cathodic events in electrolysis, enables attractive transformations with higher current efficiency than conventional electrosynthesis. The electrochemical flow technique has been widely employed to ensure stable reaction conditions and mitigate issues stemming from mass transfer. In this study, the electrochemical Meinwald rearrangement of styrene oxides was investigated, yielding aldehydes as intermediates, followed by the nitromethylation of aldehydes to produce β-nitro alcohols. These reactions were achieved with catalytic electrical input, enabling the conversion of various styrene oxides into the corresponding β-nitro alcohols.
Plastia em Z modificada do ligamento patelar com reforço de tendão quadricipital no tratamento da patela baixa
Authors: Costa Tiago António Almeida Orange , Bernardes Francisco , Miradouro José , Pereira Joana , Barreira Pedro , Carvalho João 
Published: April 2024

ResumoA patela baixa é uma patologia do joelho pouco frequente, mas limitante devido à rigidez articular e dor localizada na região anterior do joelho. Pode decorrer após trauma, imobilização prolongada ou intervenção cirúrgica local. O achado patológico marcante é o encurtamento e o aumento na espessura do ligamento patelar. Foram descritas várias técnicas cirúrgicas para o seu tratamento, não existindo nenhum tratamento padronizado. Descrevemos o caso de uma doente de 73 anos de idade que apresentava rigidez do joelho, deficit funcional importante e patela baixa após artroplastia total do joelho. Foi submetida a um procedimento cirúrgico de partes moles recentemente descrito, com excelente evolução funcional, melhorando de um Lysholm Knee Score de 16 para 81 pontos, permitindo a mobilização e regresso às atividades de vida diárias precocemente.
Prenatal Detection of Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Exploring Insignificant Ultrasound Signs
Authors: Roy Prasanna , Dey Shankar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCleidocranial dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder characterized by clavicular hypoplasia, delayed closure of fontanels, dental abnormalities, and other skeletal anomalies. This case report presents the prenatal detection of cleidocranial dysplasia by exploring a subtle abnormality during routine prenatal ultrasound examination, subsequent genetic confirmation, and postabortal X-ray analysis. The aim is to emphasize the importance of taking into account any apparently insignificant ultrasound finding to diagnose a fetal genetic abnormality.
Tradeoffs among root functional traits for phosphorus acquisition in 13 soybean genotypes contrasting in mycorrhizal colonization
Authors: Fang Yizeng , Lu Luwen , Chen Kang , Wang Xiurong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Plants have adapted to acquire phosphorus (P) primarily through advantageous root morphologies, responsive physiological pathways and associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Yet, to date, little information exists on how variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization is coordinated with root morphological and physiological traits to enhance P acquisition.

Methods
Thirteen root functional traits associated with P acquisition were characterized at full bloom stage in pot cultures under low soil P availability conditions for 13 soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization.

Key Results
Significant variation in root functional traits was observed in response to low P stress among the 13 tested soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization. Genotypes with low AM colonization exhibited greater root proliferation but with less advantageous root physiological characteristics for P acquisition. In contrast, genotypes with high AM colonization exhibited less root growth but higher phosphatase activities and carboxylate content in the rhizosheath. Root dry weights, and contents of carbon and P were positively correlated with root morphological traits of different root orders and whole root systems, and were negatively correlated with AM colonization of fine roots and whole root systems, as well as rhizosheath phosphatase activities and carboxylate contents. These results taken in combination with a significant positive correlation between plant P content and root morphological traits indicate that root morphological traits play a primary role in soybean P acquisition.

Conclusions
The results suggest that efficient P acquisition involves tradeoffs among carbon allocation to root proliferation, mycorrhizal symbiosis or P-mobilizing exudation. Complementarity and complexity in the selection of P acquisition strategies was notable among soybean genotypes contrasting in AM colonization, which is closely related to plant C budgeting.
Changes in Chlamydia trachomatis risk before and after union formation and separation among women of reproductive age
Authors: Metsä-Simola Niina S , Einiö Elina K , Martikainen Pekka T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Not having an established relationship is associated with an elevated risk of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, but this might reflect selection into and out of unions. Although union formation and union separation are common events in reproductive age, little is known about changes in CT risk before and after these transitions.

Methods
We linked Finnish Population Register data to the National Register of Infectious Diseases and used fixed-effects linear probability models that account for all time-invariant confounders to examine changes in women’s 6-month CT risk 3 years before and 3 years after entry into first cohabitation (n = 293 554), non-marital separation (n = 201 647) or marital separation (n = 92 232) during 2005–14.

Results
From 3 years to 1 year before first union formation, the 6-month risk of CT increased slightly, peaking at 1.27% immediately prior to union formation (95% confidence interval 1.22–1.31). It declined sharply following union formation, being only 0.40% (0.34–0.46) 6–12 months after union formation with little changes thereafter. Among women separating from non-marital unions, the risk increased from 0.50% (0.42–0.57) to 1.45% (1.40–1.49) around the time of separation and decreased following separation. The pattern of findings was relatively similar for marital separation, although the observed risks and changes were smaller in magnitude.

Conclusions
Our results based on longitudinal data and individual fixed-effects models indicate that the period immediately after separation may be causally associated with an elevated risk of CT. This suggests that recently separated women should be identified as a high-risk group for CT.
Full waveform inversion and Lagrange multipliers
Authors: Gholami Ali , Aghazade Kamal 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an effective method for imaging subsurface properties using sparsely recorded data. It involves solving a wave propagation problem to estimate model parameters that accurately reproduce the data. Recent trends in FWI have seen a renewed interest in extended methodologies, among which source extension methods leveraging reconstructed wavefields to solve penalty or augmented Lagrangian (AL) formulations have emerged as robust algorithms, even for inaccurate initial models. Despite their demonstrated robustness on synthetic data, challenges remain, such as the lack of a clear physical interpretation and reliance on difficult-to-compute least-squares (LS) wavefields. Moreover, the literature lacks a general and through comparison of these source extension methods with each other and with the standard FWI. This paper is divided into three critical parts. In the first, a novel formulation of these methods is explored within a unified Lagrangian framework. This novel perspective permits the introduction of alternative algorithms that use LS multipliers instead of wavefields. These multiplier-oriented variants appear as regularizations of the standard FWI, are suitable to the time domain, offer tangible physical interpretations, and foster enhanced convergence efficiency. The second part of the paper delves into understanding the underlying mechanisms of these techniques. This is achieved by solving the associated non-linear equations using iterative linearization and inverse scattering methods. The paper provides insight into the role and significance of Lagrange multipliers in enhancing the linearization of the equations. It explains how different methods estimate multipliers or make approximations to increase computing efficiency. Additionally, it presents a new physical understanding of the Lagrange multiplier used in the AL method, highlighting how important it is for improving algorithm performance when compared to penalty methods. In the final section, the paper presents numerical examples that compare different methods within a unified iterative algorithm, utilizing benchmark Marmousi and 2004 BP salt models.
Clinical mutations in the TERT and TERC genes coding for telomerase components induced oxidative stress, DNA damage at telomeres and cell apoptosis besides decreased telomerase activity
Authors: Fernández-Varas Beatriz , Manguan-García Cristina , Rodriguez-Centeno Javier , Mendoza-Lupiáñez Lucía , Calatayud Joaquin , Perona Rosario , Martín-Martínez Mercedes , Gutierrez-Rodriguez Marta , Benítez-Buelga Carlos , Sastre Leandro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes that maintain their integrity. Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in telomere protection and elongation produce diseases such as dyskeratosis congenita or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis known as telomeropathies. These diseases are characterized by premature telomere shortening, increased DNA damage and oxidative stress. Genetic diagnosis of telomeropathy patients has identified mutations in the genes TERT and TERC coding for telomerase components but the functional consequences of many of these mutations still have to be experimentally demonstrated. The activity of twelve TERT and five TERC mutants, five of them identified in Spanish patients, has been analyzed. TERT and TERC mutants were expressed in VA-13 human cells that express low telomerase levels and the activity induced was analyzed. The production of reactive oxygen species, DNA oxidation and TRF2 association at telomeres, DNA damage response and cell apoptosis were determined. Most mutations presented decreased telomerase activity, as compared to wild-type TERT and TERC. In addition, the expression of several TERT and TERC mutants induced oxidative stress, DNA oxidation, DNA damage, decreased recruitment of the shelterin component TRF2 to telomeres and increased apoptosis. These observations might indicate that the increase in DNA damage and oxidative stress observed in cells from telomeropathy patients is dependent on their TERT or TERC mutations. Therefore, analysis of the effect of TERT and TERC mutations of unknown function on DNA damage and oxidative stress could be of great utility to determine the possible pathogenicity of these variants.
The use of artificial intelligence to optimize medication alerts generated by clinical decision support systems: a scoping review
Authors: Graafsma Jetske , Murphy Rachel M , van de Garde Ewoudt M W , Karapinar-Çarkit Fatma , Derijks Hieronymus J , Hoge Rien H L , Klopotowska Joanna E , van den Bemt Patricia M L A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Current Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) generate medication alerts that are of limited clinical value, causing alert fatigue. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods may help in optimizing medication alerts. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review on the current state of the use of AI to optimize medication alerts in a hospital setting. Specifically, we aimed to identify the applied AI methods used together with their performance measures and main outcome measures.

Materials and Methods
We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library database on May 25, 2023 for studies of any quantitative design, in which the use of AI-based methods was investigated to optimize medication alerts generated by CDSSs in a hospital setting. The screening process was supported by ASReview software.

Results
Out of 5625 citations screened for eligibility, 10 studies were included. Three studies (30%) reported on both statistical performance and clinical outcomes. The most often reported performance measure was positive predictive value ranging from 9% to 100%. Regarding main outcome measures, alerts optimized using AI-based methods resulted in a decreased alert burden, increased identification of inappropriate or atypical prescriptions, and enabled prediction of user responses. In only 2 studies the AI-based alerts were implemented in hospital practice, and none of the studies conducted external validation.

Discussion and Conclusion
AI-based methods can be used to optimize medication alerts in a hospital setting. However, reporting on models’ development and validation should be improved, and external validation and implementation in hospital practice should be encouraged.