bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is arteriolar vacuolization a predictor of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity?
Authors: Horike Keiji , Takeda Asami , Yamaguchi Yutaka , Ogiyama Yoshiaki , Yamauchi Yukako , Murata Minako , Kawaguchi Takehiko , Suzuki Taisei , Otsuka Yasuhiro , Inaguma Daijyo , Goto Norihiko , Watarai Yoshihiko , Uchida Kazuharu , Morozumi Kunio 
Published: June 2011

Horike K, Takeda A, Yamaguchi Y, Ogiyama Y, Yamauchi Y, Murata M, Kawaguchi T, Suzuki T, Otsuka Y, Inaguma D, Goto N, Watarai Y, Uchida K, Morozumi K. Is arteriolar vacuolization a predictor of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity? Clin Transplant 2011: 25 (Suppl. 23): 23–27. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) have been commonly used as pivotal immunosuppressive agents to renal transplant recipients and have contributed significantly to improving short‐term allograft survival. However, long‐term administration of CNI may cause an adverse effect on kidney function, known as chronic nephrotoxicity. Chronic CNI nephrotoxicity (CNI‐NT) shows characteristic histopathological findings that involve arteriolar hyalinosis. Recently, the term alternative arteriolar hyalinosis (aah) is used to discriminate CNI‐specific arteriolar hyaline deposition from non‐specific arteriolar hyalinosis. We studied whether arteriolar vacuolization represents an early lesion of aah as a predictor of CNI‐NT. We retrospectively studied the 79 patients under treatment with a CNI immunosuppressant, who underwent living‐related renal transplantation (RTx) from January 2007 to March 2009. We examined serial protocol graft biopsies at one h, one, six, and 12 months after RTx. We classified histological findings into two groups on the basis of aah lesion (with or without aah) in serial biopsies for 12 months. Arteriolar vacuolization was more frequently observed in the aah group than in the non‐aah group with a significant difference. Arteriolar vacuolization was found even in the one‐h biopsy specimens, indicating a non‐specific histopathological finding. But in the aah group, arteriolar vacuolization tended to be more frequently observed later on. Aah can be a predictor of CNI‐NT.
Clinical differences between invasive pulmonary infection by Scedosporium apiospermum and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Castón J. J. , Linares M. J. , Rivero A. , Casal M. , Torre‐Cisneros J. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryInvasive pulmonary infection by Scedosporium apiospermum (IPSA) and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) are clinically similar. Our objective was to identify clinical parameters that may differentiate IPSA from IPA. Ours was a prospective cohort study that included patients with different degrees of immunosuppression and respiratory isolation of S. apiospermum (SCA). Episodes of invasive infection were classified according to the EORTC and MSG criteria. Clinical variables corresponding to patients with IPSA were compared with those collected from patients with a diagnosis of IPA during the same period. Twenty‐seven patients with positive culture for SCA from respiratory samples were evaluated. Of the 27 positive cultures, nine were classified as IPSA. When compared with the 89 patients with IPA, patients with IPSA were most likely to have received prophylaxis with either aerosolised (14.6% vs. 66.7%; P < 0.001) or intravenous amphotericin B (AMB; 4.5% vs. 44.4%; P = 0.002), to have prior episode of acute rejection (19% vs. 66.7%; P = 0.005), to have a later onset of infection after transplantation (251 days vs. 404 days; P = 0.009), and to have higher CD4+ lymphocyte count (207.6 vs. 289.4; P = 0.005). Late‐onset disease after transplantation and prophylaxis with AMB are more frequent in patients with IPSA compared with IPA.
Development of strategies for the incorporation of biological pesticides into the integrated management of locusts and grasshoppers
Authors: Lomer C. J. , Bateman R. P. , Dent D. , De Groote H. , Douro‐Kpindou O.‐K. , Kooyman C. , Langewald J. , Ouambama Z. , Peveling R. , Thomas M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Effective biological pesticides based on oil formulation of deuteromycete fungal spores have been developed for use against locusts and grasshoppers. The isolate IMI 330189 of Metarhizium anisopliae (flavoviride) var. acridum has been registered, extensively field tested and its operating characteristics explored. It should form an powerful component technology in the integrated management of locust and grasshopper pests.
The particular advantages of Metarhizium anisopliae were found to be efficacy and persistence, low vertebrate toxicity, little environmental impact, conservation of natural enemies and potential for recycling. Additional socio‐economic advantages include the possibility of local production, ease of disposal and versatility in use. The principal disadvantages relate to operating characteristics such as slower speed of kill and slightly greater lability in storage than chemical pesticides.
Strategies are being developed to integrate biological control agents into locust and grasshopper management schemes; for Metarhizium the accent is placed on: (i) treating the pest before it invades crops and (ii) situations with a high premium on environmental issues.
For some pest situations, fast‐acting chemical pesticides will still be necessary for crop protection.
A cheaper biological agent, such as Nosema locustae, with the capacity to persist in the pest insect population would be useful. Research is recommended on the long‐term impact of Nosema in Africa.
An evaluation of the utility of the manual destruction of egg pods leads to the conclusion that we should consider the possibility of importing egg parasitoids, such as Scelio parvicornis from Australia, into Africa.
Further development work is needed to clarify the economics and politics of locust and grasshopper control; to improve the regulatory framework for biopesticides; to inform key decision makers of the availability and potential of Metarhizium; and to implement the bio‐intensive IPM strategies described.
Serving two (or more) masters: accomplishing autonomous nursing practice in chronic disease management
Authors: Kimpson Sally , Purkis Mary E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe concept of professional autonomy has figured prominently in literature that addresses nursing's project of professionalization. Nursing's capacity to determine the nature and scope of its practice is related in important ways to the location of practice. Within highly structured environments such as acute‐care hospitals, nurses' professional autonomy has frequently been contested yet is often implicated by nursing's elite as a necessary condition in the construction of quality work environments. Professional concerns and management practices related to retaining experienced nurses to support sustainability in healthcare delivery systems' impact on the ability of nurses to practice autonomously. Our paper focuses on the emerging field of practice of chronic disease management. We describe the complex relationships negotiated by a nurse in a theoretically autonomous practice setting as she seeks to fulfil both the requirements of a research protocol designed by physician experts representing the specialty of renal medicine, and her professional obligations to respond to the expressed needs of patients with early‐stage renal disease. We utilize a case study approach to explore particular contemporary concerns that nurses in practice confront as they attempt to accomplish professional relationships with patients central to achieving prescribed medical outcomes where nursing practice, as an element of the achievement of those outcomes, is constituted as absent or unacknowledged by the medical researchers leading the project. Implications for nursing's discourses on the professional project of autonomy will be discussed.
Stance and strategy: post‐structural perspective and post‐colonial engagement to develop nursing knowledge
Authors: Sochan Anne M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHow should nursing knowledge advance? This exploration contextualizes its evolution past and present. In addressing how it evolved in the past, a probable historical evolution of its development draws on the perspectives of Frank & Gills'sWorld System Theory, Kuhn's treatise onScientific Revolutions, and Foucault's notions ofDiscontinuitiesin scientific knowledge development. By describing plausible scenarios of how nursing knowledge evolved, I create a case for why nursing knowledge developers should adopt a post‐structural stance in prioritizing their research agenda(s). Further, by adopting a post‐structural stance, I create a case on how nurses can advance their disciplinary knowledge using an engaging post‐colonial strategy. Given an interrupted history caused by influence(s) constraining nursing's knowledge development by power structures external, and internal, to nursing, knowledge development can evolve in the future by drawing on post‐structural interpretation, and post‐colonial strategy. The post‐structural writings of Deleuze & Guattari's understanding of ‘Nomadology’ as a subtle means to resist being constrained by existing knowledge development structures, might be a useful stance to understanding the urgency of why nursing knowledge should advance addressing the structural influences on its development. Furthermore, Bhabha's post‐colonial elucidation of ‘Hybridity’ as an equally discreet means to change the culture of those constraining structures is an appropriate strategy to enact how nursing knowledge developers can engage with existing power structures, and simultaneously influence that engagement. Taken together, ‘post‐structural stance’ and ‘post‐colonial strategy’ can refocus nursing scholarship to learn from its past, in order to develop relevant disciplinary knowledge in its future.
MODELLING THE 2004 SUPER 12 RUGBY UNION COMPETITION
Authors: Pledger Megan J. , Morton R. Hugh 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis paper uses Bayesian methods via WinBUGS to model round robin play in the 2004 Super 12 Rugby Union competition in order to explore home advantage and how that impacts the outcome of the competition. The scores from the games are decomposed into counts of converted and unconverted tries, penalties and drop goals and are modelled as Poisson random variables with a log link. The dependent variables are the offensive and defensive capabilities of the teams along with terms for home advantage. The model is used to ascertain the effects of home advantage on the standings of the teams in the competition and, from that, how fairness in the competition could be improved.
On Place and Space: Calculating Social and Spatial Networks in the Budapest Ghetto
Authors: Giordano Alberto , Cole Tim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhen studying spatial patterns, GIScientists often employ distance‐based methods and techniques, such as network analysis. When studying human behavior, however, spatial patterns often emerge that cannot be adequately examined assuming a physical conceptualization of distance. Such patterns emerged during our study of the process of ghettoization of Jews as implemented in Budapest during the course of 1944. As part of an NSF‐sponsored research project on the geography of the Holocaust, we built a Historical GIS of the Budapest Ghetto with the objective of discovering patterns of Jewish concentration and dispersion as well as simulating potential daily spatial interactions between the Jewish and the non‐Jewish population. Spatial analytical techniques allowed us to discover distinct spatial patterns of isolation, interrelation and concentration, but a whole set of patterns appeared that were the opposite of what we expected, and that could only be explained by thinking of distance not in spatial terms but in social ones. In this article we employ social network analysis to examine the geography of oppression in the Budapest ghetto. What jumped out from our study is the interweaving of space and place – intended as a community bounded by social relations and living in a specific time and location.
A GIS‐based Approach in Support of an Assessment of Food Safety Risks
Authors: Beni Leila Hashemi , Villeneuve Sébastien , LeBlanc Denyse I. , Delaquis Pascal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA Geographical Information System (GIS)‐based approach was developed for the identification of vulnerabilities and the measurement of risks associated with contamination of food systems with biological agents. In this research work, a tight integration of ArcGIS with the Arena simulation tool has been implemented. Arena was used to simulate and track contamination in a food distribution network and transmit the time dependent information to GIS. ArcGIS was employed to provide the primary user interface, process network data, and visualize the results. In addition, the GIS, through its powerful capabilities to process spatial data, could allow decision‐ makers to quickly determine the potential impact of a contamination event, at any stage, as a function of both time and geography. Two contamination scenarios along the farm‐to‐fork chain were examined to show the geographic zone and the proportion of the population affected by the contamination. A constraint Voronoi data structure was developed to define influence zones (these were color coded according to a dynamic risk index), to identify those areas that are at greatest immediate risk as time progresses, and to estimate the population affected by these contamination events. This approach thus appears to have general application to many GIS‐based risk assessment problems.
Matching INSPIRE Quality of Service Requirements with Hybrid Clouds
Authors: Baranski Bastian , Foerster Theodor , Schäffer Bastian , Lange Kristof 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA lot of effort has been invested in Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) during the last decade regarding interoperable standards for services and data. But still the scalability and performance of SDI services is reported to be crucial especially if they are accessed concurrently by a high number of users. Furthermore, laws and provisions such as the INSPIRE directive specify challenging requirements regarding the performance, availability and scalability of SDI services. This article presents a Hybrid Cloud architecture for matching INSPIRE‐related Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, without investing in rarely used hardware in advance, by occupying external third‐party resources on a pay‐as‐you‐go basis. The presented Hybrid Cloud is a composition of a local IT‐infrastructure (Private Cloud) and the computational resources of third‐party vendors (Public Cloud). The local infrastructure is laid out to handle the average main load of a service and in lasting peak times additional resources of external providers are allocated and integrated on demand into the local infrastructure to provide sufficient service quality automatically. A proof‐of‐concept implementation of the proposed Hybrid Cloud approach is evaluated and benchmarked with respect to INSPIRE‐related QoS requirements.
A New GIScience Application for Visualized Natural Resources Management and Decision Support
Authors: Yang Yi‐Chen E. , Lin Yu‐Feng F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article presents two decision support plug‐ins in free GIS software: ArcGIS Explorer Desktop. The ubiquitous WebGIS Analysis Toolkit for Extensive Resources (uWATER) focuses on providing GIS analysis functions: spatial and attribute queries in the public services tool for users with limited access to commercial GIS software. The interface of uWATER is general enough to support decision‐making in numerous management issues in natural resources, economics and agriculture. The uWATER‐Pumping Assessment (uWATER‐PA) toolkit, on the other hand, is an extended package targeting the specific environmental issue of groundwater pumping impacts. The uWATER‐PA package is an excellent alternative to evaluating complex groundwater pumping assessment issues before investing significant time, labor, and funds in monitoring and detailed scientific study. It incorporates simulation of the physics of groundwater flow and user interaction into GIS software. A graphical user interface makes both data entry and interpretation of results intuitive to non‐technical individuals. Results are presented as colored drawdown maps and can be saved in GIS format for future dissemination. The impact of drawdown on existing wells can be characterized and mapped, through the use of uWATER's spatial query capabilities and the drawdown maps generated by uWATER‐PA.
Writing Geospatial Concepts: Assessing Student Knowledge Accrued Through Both Writing‐Intensive and Methods‐Oriented Coursework
Authors: Erlien Christine M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWhile writing is touted as a way to learn, little has been written about the use of writing in courses focused on the geospatial technologies: geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and the Global Positioning System (GPS). This study, therefore, aimed to assess student knowledge gained through two types of coursework, writing‐intensive and methods‐oriented. The study used a pre‐/post‐test strategy to measure gains in student knowledge. Results illustrate that student learning took place in both types of courses. The results, while encouraging, point to the need for more refined study of the use of writing in courses on geospatial technologies.
Automatic Region Building for Spatial Analysis
Authors: Guo Diansheng , Wang Hu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHigh‐resolution spatial data have become increasingly available with modern data collection techniques and efforts. However, it is often inappropriate to use the default geographic units to perform spatial analysis due to unstable estimates with small areas (e.g. cancer rates for census blocks or tracts). Regionalization is aggregating small units into relatively larger areas while optimizing a homogeneity measure (such as the sum of squared differences). For exploratory spatial analysis, regionalization may help remove spurious data variation through aggregation and discover hidden patterns in data (such as areas of unusually high cancer rates). Towards this goal, this research introduces several improvements to a recent group of regionalization methods – REDCAP (Guo 2008) and conducts evaluation experiments with synthetic data sets to assess and compare the capability of regionalization methods for exploratory spatial analysis. One of the major improvements is the integration of a local empirical Bayes smoother (EBS) with the regionalization methods. We generate a large number of synthetic data sets with controlled spatial patterns to evaluate the performance of both new and existing methods. Evaluation results show that the new methods (integrated with EBS) perform significantly better than their original versions and other methods (including the EBS method on its own) in terms of detecting the true patterns in the synthetic data sets.
Dasymetric Mapping Using High Resolution Address Point Datasets
Authors: Zandbergen Paul A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMismatching sets of boundaries present a persistent problem in spatial analysis for many different applications. Dasymetric mapping techniques can be employed to estimate population characteristics of small areas that do not correspond to census enumeration boundaries. Several types of ancillary data have been used in dasymetric mapping but performance is often limited by their relatively coarse resolution and moderate correspondence to actual population counts. The current research examines the performance of using high resolution ancillary data in the form of individual address point datasets which represent the locations of all addressable units within a jurisdiction. The performance of address points was compared with several other techniques, including areal weighting, land cover, imperviousness, road density and nighttime lights. Datasets from 16 counties in Ohio were used in the analysis, reflecting a range of different population densities. For each technique the ancillary data sources were employed to estimate census block group population counts using census tracts as source zones, and the results were compared with the known block group population counts. Results indicate that address points perform significantly better compared with other types of ancillary data. The overall error for all block groups (n = 683) using address points is 4.9% compared with 10.8% for imperviousness, 11.6% for land cover, 13.3% for road density, 18.6% for nighttime lights and 21.2% for areal weighting. Using only residential address points rather than all types of locations further reduces this error to 4.2%. Analysis of the spatial patterns in the relative performance of the various techniques revealed that address points perform particularly well in low density rural areas, which typically present challenges for traditional dasymetric mapping techniques using land cover datasets. These results provide very strong support for the use of address points for small area population estimates. Current developments in the growing availability of address point datasets and the implications for spatial demographic analyses are discussed.
Combating the Global Financial Crisis with Aggressive Expansionary Monetary Policy: Same Medicine, Different Outcomes in China, the UK and USA
Authors: Woo Wing Thye , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn 2008–09, the USA and the UK undertook quantitative easing to drive interest rates to near zero to combat the global financial crisis, and China increased the growth rate of base money slightly. The resulting credit growth was very slight in the USA and UK but very large in China. The US and UK money multipliers collapsed because the required capital adequacy ratio (CAR) was binding for many of their banks. Specifically, the value of the money multiplier is zero when CAR is not met, is one when CAR is binding and when the asset purchased by the central bank requires the commercial bank to hold capital against it, and equals the reciprocal of the required reserve ratio when CAR is not binding. To improve China’s economic performance, we propose three new growth drivers to replace the present instruments of macro‐stimulus: changes in rural economic institutions to create new entrepreneurs, an urbanisation strategy based on the principle of future home ownership and modernisation of the financial system.
On Economic Theory and Recovery of the Financial Crisis
Authors: Yao Shujie , Zhang Jing 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a new economic theory to explain the evolution of a financial crisis and why a major crisis may take a long time to recover. It suggests that asymmetric psychological reactions of market players to gains and losses are the principal cause of a crisis and responsible for prolonging recovery. Three different shapes of recovery, V, U and L, are defined and explained. During the current financial crisis, some countries such as China and India may have a V‐shaped recovery; others such as the UK and the US may have a U‐shaped recovery. An important policy implication is that effective macroeconomic policies should be designed to smooth market movements and implementation of such policies has to be countercyclical rather than pro‐cyclical.