bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fat-free mass and gender influences the rapid-phase excess postexercise oxygen consumption
Authors: Lamont Linda S. , Romito Rochelle , Rossi Karin 
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender dimorphism and body composition on postexercise oxygen consumption during the rapid recovery phase. We compared the rapid-phase excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in men and women matched for age (32.1 years), physical activity status, and maximal oxygen consumption (44.7 mL·kg–1·min–1), but not for body mass or fat-free mass (FFM). All subjects exercised for 1 h at 50% of their peak capacity. Although there were differences between genders in the magnitude of the absolute oxygen consumption and EPOC during the rapid phase of recovery, there were no differences found when EPOC was corrected for FFM. We conclude that the gender differences in the absolute O2 consumption and EPOC are related to the size of the FFM.
Applying the Meiorin Decision requirements to the fitness test for correctional officer applicants; examining adverse impact and accommodation
Authors: Jamnik Veronica K. , Thomas Scott G. , Gledhill Norman 
Published: January 2010

The fitness test for correctional officer applicants (FITCO) was constructed a priori to conform to requirements established by the Meiorin Decision of the Supreme Court of Canada. A critical obligation from this decision is to determine whether the FITCO has the potential of adverse impact on any subpopulation of applicants and, if so, whether it is possible to provide accommodation. The FITCO pass rate was 28.6% for 56 women and 72.7% for 22 men, which indicates adverse impact on the female applicants. There was no specific adverse impact on minority applicants. To evaluate training as accommodation for adverse impact, a subgroup of 40 females and 8 males engaged in a 6-week FITCO-specific training program with pre-FITCO and post-FITCO performance evaluations. Over the 6 weeks, the overall FITCO pass rate of the females improved to 82.5%, whereas the pass rate of the males improved to 100%, indicating that the training program removed the adverse impact that the FITCO had on the females. We conclude that although the FITCO is likely to have an adverse impact on female correctional officer applicants, a 6-week FITCO-specific training program can provide the accommodation necessary to overcome the potential adverse impact, and the FITCO meets all the requirements established by the Supreme Court of Canada’s Meiorin Decision.
The effect of training volume and intensity on competitive cyclists’ efficiency
Authors: Hopker James , Coleman Damian , Passfield Louis , Wiles Jonathan 
Published: January 2010

The impact of different intensity training on cycling efficiency in competitive cyclists is unknown. Twenty-nine endurance-trained competitive male cyclists completed 3 laboratory visits during a 12-week training period. At each visit, their cycling efficiency and maximal oxygen uptake were determined. After the first visit, cyclists were randomly split into 2 groups (A and B). Over the first 6 weeks, between tests 1 and 2, group A was prescribed specific high-intensity training sessions, whereas group B was restricted in the amount of intensive work undertaken. After test 2 and for the second 6-week period, group B was allowed to conduct high-intensity training. Gross efficiency (GE) increased in group A (+1.6 ± 1.4%; p < 0.05) following the high-intensity training, whereas no significant change was seen in group B (+0.1 ± 0.7%; p > 0.05). Group B cyclists increased their GE between tests 2 and 3 (+1.4 ± 0.8%; p < 0.05) but no changes in GE were observed in group A over this period (+0.4 ± 0.4%; p > 0.05). Delta efficiency (DE) did not change significantly in either group across the study period. This study demonstrates that GE is increased following high-intensity training in competitive male cyclists after 12 weeks.
Solid-state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of three aluminum-centered dyes
Authors: Mroué Kamal H. , Emwas Abdul-Hamid M. , Power William P. 
Published: January 2010

We report the first solid-state 27Al NMR study of three aluminum phthalocyanine dyes: aluminum phthalocyanine chloride, AlPcCl (1); aluminum-1,8,15,22-tetrakis(phenylthio)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine chloride, AlPc(SPh)4Cl (2); and aluminum-2,3-naphthalocyanine chloride, AlNcCl (3). Each of these compounds contains Al3+ ions coordinating to four nitrogen atoms and a chlorine atom. Solid-state 27Al NMR spectra, including multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning (MQMAS) spectra and quadrupolar Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (QCPMG) spectra of stationary powdered samples have been acquired at multiple high magnetic field strengths (11.7, 14.1, and 21.1 T) to determine their composition and number of aluminum sites, which were analyzed to extract detailed information on the aluminum electric field gradient (EFG) and nuclear magnetic shielding tensors. The quadrupolar parameters for each 27Al site were determined from spectral simulations, with quadrupolar coupling constants (CQ) ranging from 5.40 to 10.0 MHz and asymmetry parameters (η) ranging from 0.10 to 0.50, and compared well with the results of quantum chemical calculations of these tensors. We also report the largest 27Al chemical shielding anisotropy (CSA), with a span of 120 ± 10 ppm, observed directly in a solid material. The combination of MQMAS and computational predictions are used to interpret the presence of multiple aluminum sites in two of the three samples.
Antidiabetic properties of purified polysaccharide fromHedysarum polybotrys
Authors: Hu Fangdi , Li Xiaodong , Zhao Lianggong , Feng Shilan , Wang Chunming 
Published: January 2010

Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide (HPS) is the principal active fraction responsible for the antidiabetic properties of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the antidiabetic properties of 4 purified fractions of different molecular weight range HPSs (HPS1, HPS2, HPS3, HPS4). HPS3 was selected for examination of its hypoglycemic mechanism because of its significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The changes in blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) showed that hypoglycemia was more pronounced in HPS3-treated groups than in the diabetes mellitus model (DM) control group. The interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, and free fatty acid levels were significantly lower in the HPS3-treated groups and HPS3 + metformin (HPS3+MET) group than in the DM control group, while plasma insulin, hepatic glycogen, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide synthetase activity were significantly higher. Treatment with HPS3 or HPS3+MET also significantly lowered malonaldehyde levels compared with the DM control group, while it elevated the nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity. HPS3 altered the plasma lipid levels by lowering cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while elevating the plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Therefore, these results suggest that HPS3 may partly ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes through increased insulin secretion, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, promotion of sensitivity to insulin, suppression of gluconeogenesis and reduction in the biosynthesis fatty acid, cholesterol and cell cytokines related to insulin resistance, and it could be a useful adjunct therapy to a proven first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes using metformin.
A NEW SYSTEMATIC METHOD FOR EFFICIENTLY SOLVING HOLONOMIC (AND NONHOLONOMIC) CONSTRAINT PROBLEMS
Authors: GREGORY JOHN 
Published: January 2010

A new systematic approach to holonomic constraint is presented. By holonomic we mean a constraint problem in the calculus of variations/optimal control theory where the constraints are independent of the derivative of the dependent variable. It is seen that these new methods follow from a general theory of constraint optimization previously given by the author. A major, new emphasis of this work is the necessity of properly handling the boundary values of our introduced variables. The author's previous theory allows the solution of a wide variety of general or anholonomic problems which include those identified with the areas of control, delay, stochastic, and partial differential equations in the sense that simpler constraint problems in these areas can be solved exactly by analytical means while more complex problems can be solved by efficient numerical algorithms with an a priori maximal error of O(h2), where h is the node size. Thus, our methods in this paper are immediately applicable to holonomic problems in these other diverse areas. While our new results do not involve a significant formal mathematical jump from the author's previous theory of constraint optimization, the treatment of boundary values is significant and of note. For this reason we will give several examples to illustrate these ideas. Finally, we illustrate how our methods can be used to solve a wide variety of meaningful holonomic constraint or generalized coordinate problems in the study of dynamics/classical mechanics, using the simple pendulum problem as an example.
Novel function for blood platelets and podoplanin in developmental separation of blood and lymphatic circulation
Authors: Uhrin Pavel , Zaujec Jan , Breuss Johannes M. , Olcaydu Damla , Chrenek Peter , Stockinger Hannes , Fuertbauer Elke , Moser Markus , Haiko Paula , Fässler Reinhard , Alitalo Kari , Binder Bernd R. , Kerjaschki Dontscho 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring embryonic development, lymph sacs form from the cardinal vein, and sprout centrifugally to form mature lymphatic networks. Separation of the lymphatic from the blood circulation by a hitherto unknown mechanism is essential for the homeostatic function of the lymphatic system. O-glycans on the lymphatic endothelium have recently been suggested to be required for establishment and maintenance of distinct blood and lymphatic systems, primarily by mediating proper function of podoplanin. Here, we show that this separation process critically involves platelet activation by podoplanin. We found that platelet aggregates build up in wild-type embryos at the separation zone of podoplanin+ lymph sacs and cardinal veins, but not in podoplanin−/− embryos. Thus, podoplanin−/− mice develop a “nonseparation” phenotype, characterized by a blood-filled lymphatic network after approximately embryonic day 13.5, which, however, partially resolves in postnatal mice. The same embryonic phenotype is also induced by treatment of pregnant mice with acetyl salicylic acid, podoplanin-blocking antibodies, or by inactivation of the kindlin-3 gene required for platelet aggregation. Therefore, interaction of endothelial podoplanin of the developing lymph sac with circulating platelets from the cardinal vein is critical for separating the lymphatic from the blood vascular system.
Tissue type plasminogen activator regulates myeloid-cell dependent neoangiogenesis during tissue regeneration
Authors: Ohki Makiko , Ohki Yuichi , Ishihara Makoto , Nishida Chiemi , Tashiro Yoshihiko , Akiyama Haruyo , Komiyama Hiromitsu , Lund Leif R. , Nitta Atsumi , Yamada Kiyofumi , Zhu Zhenping , Ogawa Hideoki , Yagita Hideo , Okumura Ko , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Werb Zena , Heissig Beate , Hattori Koichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIschemia of the heart, brain, and limbs is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment with tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) can dissolve blood clots and can ameliorate the clinical outcome in ischemic diseases. But the underlying mechanism by which tPA improves ischemic tissue regeneration is not well understood. Bone marrow (BM)–derived myeloid cells facilitate angiogenesis during tissue regeneration. Here, we report that a serpin-resistant form of tPA by activating the extracellular proteases matrix metalloproteinase-9 and plasmin expands the myeloid cell pool and mobilizes CD45+CD11b+ proangiogenic, myeloid cells, a process dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and Kit ligand signaling. tPA improves the incorporation of CD11b+ cells into ischemic tissues and increases expression of neoangiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A. Remarkably, transplantation of BM-derived tPA-mobilized CD11b+ cells and VEGFR-1+ cells, but not carrier-mobilized cells or CD11b− cells, accelerates neovascularization and ischemic tissue regeneration. Inhibition of VEGF signaling suppresses tPA-induced neovascularization in a model of hind limb ischemia. Thus, tPA mobilizes CD11b+ cells from the BM and increases systemic and local (cellular) VEGF-A, which can locally promote angiogenesis during ischemic recovery. tPA might be useful to induce therapeutic revascularization in the growing field of regenerative medicine.
Cross-cultural comparison of the sleep-disordered breathing prevalence among Americans and Japanese
Authors: Yamagishi K. , Ohira T. , Nakano H. , Bielinski S.J. , Sakurai S. , Imano H. , Kiyama M. , Kitamura A. , Sato S. , Konishi M. , Shahar E. , Folsom A.R. , Iso H. , Tanigawa T. 
Published: January 2010

The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing among Hispanic and white Americans and Japanese.A 1-night sleep study using a single-channel airflow monitor was performed on 211 Hispanics and 246 Whites from the Minnesota field centre (St Paul, MN, USA) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and 978 Japanese from three community-based cohorts of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) in Japan. The respiratory disturbance index and sleep-disordered breathing, defined as a respiratory disturbance index of ≥15 events·h−1, were estimated.The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing was higher in males (34.2%) than females (14.7%), and among Hispanics (36.5%) and Whites (33.3%) than among Japanese (18.4%), corresponding to differences in body mass index. Within body mass index strata, the race difference in sleep-disordered breathing was attenuated. This was also true when body mass index was adjusted for instead of stratification. The strong association between body mass index and sleep-disordered breathing was similar in Japanese and Americans.The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing was lower among Japanese than among Americans. However, the association of body mass index with sleep-disordered breathing was strong, and similar among the race/ethnic groups studied. The majority of the race/ethnic difference in sleep-disordered breathing prevalence was explained by a difference in body mass index distribution.
Identification and functional characterisation of the promoter of the calcium sensor gene CBL1 from the xerophyte Ammopiptanthus mongolicus
Authors: Guo Lili , Yu Yanhua , Xia Xinli , Yin Weilun 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background

CBL1 is a calcium sensor that regulates drought, cold and salt signals in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of CBL1 gene in Arabidopsis and in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus showed different tolerant activities. We are interested in understanding the molecular mechanism of the upstream region of the CBL1 gene of A. mongolicus (AmCBL1). We investigated and characterized the promoter of the AmCBL1 gene, for promoters play a very important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes.

Results
A 1683-bp 5' flanking region was isolated from A. mongolicus. The sequence was identified as AmCBL1 promoter. Analysis of the promoter sequence indicated a 690-bp intron and some basic cis-acting elements were related to various environmental stresses and plant hormones. To identify the functional region of the AmCBL1 promoter, five plant expression vectors fused with the GUS (β-glucuronidase) gene, driven by series deleted fragments of AmCBL1 promoter at different lengths from -1659, -1414, -1048, -296 to -167 bp relative to the transcriptional start site were constructed and transformed into Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. 89. Functional properties of each promoter segment were examined by GUS staining and fluorescence quantitative analyses using at least three single-copy PCR-positive plants of transgenic tobacco, treated with various environmental stresses and plant hormones for different times. We demonstrated that the AmCBL1 promoter was a vascular-specific and multiple-stress-inducible promoter. Our results further imply that the promoter fragment B1S3 possessed sufficient essential cis-acting elements, accounting for vascular-specific and stress-induced expression patterns. It may also indicate that for response to some stresses certain cis-elements are required in tissues outside the region of the B1S3 construct.

Conclusions
To help resolve uncertainties about the upstream regulatory mechanism of the CBL1 gene in desert plants, we suggest that the function of the AmCBL1 promoter, particularly under conditions of abiotic stress, to be examined for possible usefulness in molecular breeding. Regardless of the outcome, the allocation and relative quantification of the GUS-fusion AmCBL1 promoter segments at transcriptional levels in different tissues under various stresses across separate promoter segments suggests that the AmCBL1 promoter is a phloem-specific and multiple-stress-inducible promoter. These data coupled with the ongoing AmCBL1 5' UTR intron analyses provide a solid foundation for their future use in molecular breeding as new promoters of stress-resistance genes from desert plants.
Haplotypes of intron 4 of the estrogen receptor alpha gene and hip fractures: a replication study in Caucasians
Authors: Velasco Javier , Hernández José L , Pérez-Castrillón José L , Zarrabeitia María T , Alonso María A , González-Macías Jesús , Riancho José A 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Despite their great impact, few genetic association studies have used hip fractures as an endpoint. However, the association of two polymorphisms on intron 4 of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) with hip fractures was recently reported in a Chinese population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether such association is also present in Caucasians.

Methods
We analyzed those two SNPs and another neighbour SNP located on the exon 4 of ESR1 in 787 patients with hip fractures and 953 controls from Spain.

Results
The allelic frequencies differed markedly from those reported in Asian populations. Nevertheless, haplotypes including the rs3020314 and rs1884051 loci in intron 4 showed a significant association with hip fractures (omnibus test p = 0.006 in the whole group and 0.00005 in women). In the sex-stratified analysis, the association was significant in females, but not in males. In women, the CA haplotype appeared to have a protective influence, being present in 6.5% of the controls, but only in 3% of patients with fractures (odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.26-0.59; estimated population preventive fraction 3.5%). The inclusion of the rs1801132 SNP of exon 4 further increased the statistical significance of the association (odds ratio 0.17; 95% CI 0.08-0.37; p = 0.00001). Each SNP appeared to contribute independently to the association. No genotype-related differences in gene expression were found in 42 femoral bone samples.

Conclusions
This study confirms the association of some polymorphisms in the region of exon 4/intron 4 of ESR1 and hip fractures in women. However, there are marked differences in allele frequencies between Asian and Caucasian populations.
Effects of nilotinib on regulatory T cells: the dose matters
Authors: Fei Fei , Yu Yingzhe , Schmitt Anita , Rojewski Markus T , Chen Baoan , Greiner Jochen , Götz Marlies , Bunjes Donald , Schmitt Michael 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high target specificity. Here, we characterized the effects of nilotinib for the first time on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) which regulate anti-tumor/leukemia immune responses.

Design and Methods
Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and 5-bromo-2-deoxy -uridine (BrdU) were used to assess the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of Tregs. The expression of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) were measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the effects of nilotinib on the signal transduction cascade of T-cell receptor (TCR) in Tregs.

Results
Nilotinib inhibited the proliferation and suppressive capacity of Tregs in a dose-dependent manner. However, the production of cytokines secreted by Tregs and CD4+CD25- T cells was only inhibited at high concentrations of nilotinib exceeding the mean therapeutic serum concentrations of the drug in patients. Only high doses of nilotinib arrested both Tregs and CD4+CD25- T cells in the G0/G1 phase and down-regulated the expression of FoxP3 and GITR. In western blotting analysis, nilotinib did not show significant inhibitory effects on TCR signaling events in Tregs and CD4+CD25- T cells.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that nilotinib does not hamper the function of Tregs at clinical relevant doses, while long-term administration of nilotinib still needs to be investigated.
Anti-viral state segregates two molecular phenotypes of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: potential relevance for adenoviral gene therapy
Authors: Monsurrò Vladia , Beghelli Stefania , Wang Richard , Barbi Stefano , Coin Silvia , Di Pasquale Giovanni , Bersani Samantha , Castellucci Monica , Sorio Claudio , Eleuteri Stefano , Worschech Andrea , Chiorini Jay A , Pederzoli Paolo , Alter Harvey , Marincola Francesco M , Scarpa Aldo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality for which novel gene therapy approaches relying on tumor-tropic adenoviruses are being tested.MethodsWe obtained the global transcriptional profiling of primary PDAC using RNA from eight xenografted primary PDAC, three primary PDAC bulk tissues, three chronic pancreatitis and three normal pancreatic tissues. The Affymetrix GeneChip HG-U133A was used. The results of the expression profiles were validated applying immunohistochemical and western blot analysis on a set of 34 primary PDAC and 10 established PDAC cell lines. Permissivity to viral vectors used for gene therapy, Adenovirus 5 and Adeno-Associated Viruses 5 and 6, was assessed on PDAC cell lines.ResultsThe analysis of the expression profiles allowed the identification of two clearly distinguishable phenotypes according to the expression of interferon-stimulated genes. The two phenotypes could be readily recognized by immunohistochemical detection of the Myxovirus-resistance A protein, whose expression reflects the activation of interferon dependent pathways. The two molecular phenotypes discovered in primary carcinomas were also observed among established pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, suggesting that these phenotypes are an intrinsic characteristic of cancer cells independent of their interaction with the host's microenvironment. The two pancreatic cancer phenotypes are characterized by different permissivity to viral vectors used for gene therapy, as cell lines expressing interferon stimulated genes resisted to Adenovirus 5 mediated lysis in vitro. Similar results were observed when cells were transduced with Adeno-Associated Viruses 5 and 6.ConclusionOur study identified two molecular phenotypes of pancreatic cancer, characterized by a differential expression of interferon-stimulated genes and easily recognized by the expression of the Myxovirus-resistance A protein. We suggest that the detection of these two phenotypes might help the selection of patients enrolled in virally-mediated gene therapy trials.