bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Model of Individual Clinical Readiness
Authors: VanFosson Christopher A 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Force readiness is a priority among senior leaders across all branches of the Department of Defense. Units that do not achieve readiness benchmarks are considered non-deployable until the unit achieves the requisite benchmarks. Because military units are made up of individuals, the unit cannot be ready if the individuals within the unit are not ready. For medical personnel, this refers to one’s ability to competently provide patient care in a deployed setting or their individual clinical readiness (ICR). A review of the literature found no conceptual model of ICR. Other potential concepts, such as individual medical readiness, were identified but used inconsistently. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to define ICR and propose a conceptual model to inform future efforts to achieve ICR and facilitate future study of the concept.

Materials and Methods
Model development occurred using a 3-step theoretical model synthesis process. The process included specification of key concepts, identification of related factors and relationships, and organizing them into an integrated network of ideas.

Results
ICR is the clinically oriented service members’ (COSM) ability to meet the demands of the militarily relevant, assigned clinical mission. ICR leads to one’s “individual clinical performance,” a key concept distinct from ICR. To understand ICR, one must account for “individual characteristics,” as well as one’s “education,” “training,” and “exposure.” ICR and individual clinical performance are influenced by the “quality of exposure” and the “patient care environment.” One’s “individual clinical performance” also reciprocally influences the patient care environment, as well as the “team’s clinical performance.” These factors (individual clinical performance, team clinical performance, and the patient care environment) influence “patient outcomes.” In the proposed model, patient outcomes are an indirect result of ICR and its antecedents (personal characteristics, education, training, and exposure); one’s individual clinical performance may not be consistent with their ICR. Patient outcomes are also influenced by the “patient environment” (external to the health care environment) and “patient characteristics”; these elements of the model do not influence ICR or individual clinical performance.

Conclusion
Force readiness is a Department of Defense priority. In order for military units to be deployment ready, so too must their personnel be deployment ready. For COSMs, this includes one’s ability to competently provide patient care in a deployed setting or their ICR. This article defines ICR, as well as identifies another key concept and other factors associated with ICR. The proposed model is a tool for military medical leaders to communicate with and influence non-medical military leaders in the Department of Defense. Future research is needed to further refine the proposed model, determine the strength of the proposed relationships, and identify interventions to improve ICR.
Psychometric Properties of the Weight Loss Readiness Test in Active Duty Military Personnel Enrolled in a Weight Management Trial
Authors: Tynan Mara , Afari Niloofar , Roesch Scott , Herbert Matthew S 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Weight Loss Readiness Test (WLRT) was developed to encourage consideration of factors influencing readiness to engage in weight loss. The WLRT is used clinically, most notably to assess motivation before initiating Navy weight management programs, yet little is known about its psychometric properties.

Materials and Methods
This study examined the reliability, convergent and predictive validity, and factor structure of the WLRT in a sample of active duty service members enrolling in a Navy-based weight management program (N = 178, identified as female = 61%, mean age = 29.7 years, mean baseline body mass index = 33.1 kg/m2). All procedures were approved by the respective Institutional Review Boards and research committees.

Results
Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 5-factor structure explaining 52% of the variance that best fit the data with low to moderate correlations between factors: (1) Motivation, (2) Exercise-Related Confidence, (3) Non-Exercise Confidence, (4) Cues, and (5) Anticipated Satisfaction. Internal reliability of subscales was acceptable to good (α = 0.755-0.903). Generally, convergent validity was found between the identified subscales and other measures of motivation, confidence, and disinhibited eating in expected directions. No relationships were found between the subscales and predictive validity outcomes (weight change, program attendance).

Conclusions
Results indicate adequate structural and convergent validity in the WLRT, but that weight loss readiness, as measured by the WLRT, does not provide predictive validity regarding weight loss or attendance outcomes in this sample. Nonetheless, this measure offers clinical utility in fostering thoughtful conversations about weight loss. The WLRT uniquely focuses on long-term maintenance of behavior change and differentiates between exercise-related and non-exercise confidence. Future studies should further probe the utility of this measure in other populations and the contexts in which it is being used.
Gender and Mentorship in Military Medicine: A Survey Study
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Zurbrugg Kaitlin , Lee Yen , Dong Ting , Bunin Jessica , Granite Guinevere , Barak Amber , Rudinsky Sherri L 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mentorship is essential for professional development and advancement within the military. In civilian medicine, the intersection between gender and mentorship holds important implications for research opportunities, academic success, and career progression. However, the intersection of gender and mentorship has not yet been explored within the field of military medicine. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the role of gender in mentorship within the field of military medicine.

Materials and Methods
We investigated gender and mentorship within military medicine by developing and distributing a 16-item Likert survey to active-duty military physicians. We used the Chi-squared test of independence and the independent samples t-test to examine the role of gender in mentorship among the 16 questions.

Results
The male respondents reported more same-gender mentors than females (male [M]: 61.9% vs. female [F]: 33.0%), whereas the female respondents had significantly more mentors of the opposite gender than males (M: 12.4% vs. F: 47.3%). A higher proportion of males indicated no preference compared to females. Conversely, a significant preference for a same-sex mentor was expressed by female respondents compared to male respondents (M: 5.2% vs. F: 30.1%). In contrast, female respondents considered having a mentor more important than their male counterparts (t(206) = −2.26, P = .012, F: 3.86 vs. M: 3.57). Both male and female respondents had significantly more female mentees ($\chi _{\left( 1 \right)}^2$ = 12.92, P &lt; .001, Cramer’s V = 0.254).

Conclusions
While the female participants in our study preferred female mentors, the male participants had more same-gender mentors than the female participants. In addition, more females reported that they did not have the time to be mentored. Our results, therefore, suggest that training males to be better mentors to females and providing accessible mentorship training to females may promote equitable career development within military medicine.
Consequences of Assigning Non-Measurable Sets Imprecise Probabilities
Authors: Thong Joshua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper is a discussion note on Isaacs, Hájek and Hawthorne (2022), which claims to offer a new motivation for imprecise probabilities, based on the mathematical phenomenon of non-measurability. In this note, I clarify some consequences of that proposal. In particular, I show that if the proposal is applied to a bounded 3-dimensional space, then one has to reject at least one of the following:
• If A is at most as probable as B and B is at most as probable as C, then A is at  most as probable as C.
• Let A∩C=B∩C=∅. A is at most as probable as B if and only if (A∪C) is at  most as probable as (B∪C).
But rejecting either statement seems unattractive.
Detection of pan-azole resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in horticulture and a composting facility in Belgium
Authors: Debergh Hanne , Castelain Philippe , Goens Karine , Lefevere Paulien , Claessens Jessie , De Vits Elien , Vissers Marc , Blindeman Liesbet , Bataille Charlotte , Saegerman Claude , Packeu Ann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf) is becoming a worldwide health threat due to increasing occurrence in the environment. However, environmental surveillance programs are not commonly in place and are lacking in Belgium. Since no data on the occurrence of ARAf and the presence of hotspots for the selection of azole resistance is available in Belgium, a first study on the prevalence of ARAf in the environment was conducted. A total of 232 air and compost or soil samples were taken from two composting facilities, and from horticultural and agricultural crops. The azole susceptibility pattern was determined using the EUCAST method (E. Def. 9.4), and the cyp51A gene and its promotor region were sequenced in A. fumigatus isolates with phenotypic azole resistance. Six pan-azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates were identified, originating from compost and horticultural crops. Four isolates carried the TR34/L98H mutation, and one isolate carried the TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation. However, we did not observe any ARAf isolates from agricultural crops. In conclusion, this study reported the first TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A mutation isolated from a composting facility and horticulture in Belgium. The implementation of standardization in environmental surveillance of A. fumigatus on a European level would be beneficial in order to identify hotspots.
On the bright end of the UV luminosity functions of galaxies at z ∼ 0.6–1.2
Authors: Sharma M , Page M J , Ferreras I , Breeveld A A 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We derive the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function (LF) of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.6–1.2, in the rest-frame far-UV (1500 Å) wavelength. For this work, we are in particular interested in the bright end of the UV LF in this redshift range. Data from the XMM–Newton Optical Monitor (XMM-OM), near-UV (2410–3565 Å) observations over 1.5 deg2 of the Cosmic evolution survey (COSMOS) field are employed for this purpose. We compile a source list of 879 sources with UVW1AB in the range ∼21–24 mag from the wide-area UVW1 image of the COSMOS field in the two bins 0.6 ≤ z ≤ 0.8 and 0.8 ≤ z ≤ 1.2. The M1500 for these sources lies in the interval [ − 19.10, −22.50]. We use the maximum likelihood to fit a Schechter function model to the unbinned data to estimate the parameters (faint-end slope, characteristic magnitude, and normalization) of the Schechter function. We find the shape of the LF to be consistent with the Schechter model, and the parameters are in fair agreement with other studies conducted using direct measurements of the 1500 Å flux. We see a brightening of the characteristic magnitude as we move from lower (0.7) to higher (1.0) redshift. The measures for luminosity density are within the error margins of past studies. We examine the brightest sources in our sample for the active galactic nucleus contribution. These sources are characterized by their spectral energy distributions, integrated infrared (IR) luminosities, and morphologies. We also explore their overlap with the brightest IR galaxies in a similar redshift range.
Arabidopsis AGO1 N-terminal extension acts as an essential hub for PRMT5 interaction and post-translational modifications
Authors: Martín-Merchán Andrea , Lavatelli Antonela , Engler Camila , González-Miguel Víctor M , Moro Belén , Rosano Germán L , Bologna Nicolas G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Plant ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins play pivotal roles regulating gene expression through small RNA (sRNA) -guided mechanisms. Among the 10 AGO proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, AGO1 stands out as the main effector of post-transcriptional gene silencing. Intriguingly, a specific region of AGO1, its N-terminal extension (NTE), has garnered attention in recent studies due to its involvement in diverse regulatory functions, including subcellular localization, sRNA loading and interactions with regulatory factors. In the field of post-translational modifications (PTMs), little is known about arginine methylation in Arabidopsis AGOs. In this study, we show that NTE of AGO1 (NTEAGO1) undergoes symmetric arginine dimethylation at specific residues. Moreover, NTEAGO1 interacts with the methyltransferase PRMT5, which catalyzes its methylation. Notably, we observed that the lack of symmetric dimethylarginine has no discernible impact on AGO1’s subcellular localization or miRNA loading capabilities. However, the absence of PRMT5 significantly alters the loading of a subgroup of sRNAs into AGO1 and reshapes the NTEAGO1 interactome. Importantly, our research shows that symmetric arginine dimethylation of NTEs is a common process among Arabidopsis AGOs, with AGO1, AGO2, AGO3 and AGO5 undergoing this PTM. Overall, this work deepens our understanding of PTMs in the intricate landscape of RNA-associated gene regulation.
Recruitment of multi-segment genomic RNAs by Bluetongue virus requires a preformed RNA network
Authors: Sung Po-yu , Phelan Jody E , Luo Dongsheng , Kulasegaran-Shylini Raghavendran , Bohn Patrick , Smyth Redmond P , Roy Polly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How do segmented RNA viruses correctly recruit their genome has yet to be clarified. Bluetongue virus is a double-stranded RNA virus with 10 segments of different sizes, but it assembles its genome in single-stranded form through a series of specific RNA–RNA interactions prior to packaging. In this study, we determined the structure of each BTV transcript, individually and in different combinations, using 2′-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP). SHAPE-MaP identified RNA structural changes during complex formation and putative RNA–RNA interaction sites. Our data also revealed a core RNA-complex of smaller segments which serves as the foundation (‘anchor’) for the assembly of a complete network composed of ten ssRNA segments. The same order of core RNA complex formation was identified in cells transfected with viral RNAs. No viral protein was required for these assembly reactions. Further, substitution mutations in the interacting bases within the core assemblies, altered subsequent segment addition and affected virus replication. These data identify a wholly RNA driven reaction that may offer novel opportunities for designed attenuation or antiviral therapeutics.
BaRDIC: robust peak calling for RNA–DNA interaction data
Authors: Mylarshchikov Dmitry E , Nikolskaya Arina I , Bogomaz Olesja D , Zharikova Anastasia A , Mironov Andrey A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chromatin-associated non-coding RNAs play important roles in various cellular processes by targeting genomic loci. Two types of genome-wide NGS experiments exist to detect such targets: ‘one-to-all’, which focuses on targets of a single RNA, and ‘all-to-all’, which captures targets of all RNAs in a sample. As with many NGS experiments, they are prone to biases and noise, so it becomes essential to detect ‘peaks’—specific interactions of an RNA with genomic targets. Here, we present BaRDIC—Binomial RNA–DNA Interaction Caller—a tailored method to detect peaks in both types of RNA–DNA interaction data. BaRDIC is the first tool to simultaneously take into account the two most prominent biases in the data: chromatin heterogeneity and distance-dependent decay of interaction frequency. Since RNAs differ in their interaction preferences, BaRDIC adapts peak sizes according to the abundances and contact patterns of individual RNAs. These features enable BaRDIC to make more robust predictions than currently applied peak-calling algorithms and better handle the characteristic sparsity of all-to-all data. The BaRDIC package is freely available at https://github.com/dmitrymyl/BaRDIC.
Long-term renal and cardiovascular risks of tacrolimus in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: van Schaik Mieke , Bredewold Obbo W , Priester Merel , Michels Wieneke M , Rabelink Ton J , Rotmans Joris I , Teng Y K Onno 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite continuous advancement, treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) remains challenging. Recent guidelines now include a regimen incorporating tacrolimus as a first-line treatment option. Even though tacrolimus is effective in combination with mycophenolate and corticosteroids, concerns remain regarding long-term use, given its association with increased cardiovascular risks including nephrotoxicity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in kidney transplant recipients. However, in LN, long-term evaluations and head-to-head comparisons are lacking and thus the safety profile remains ill-defined. We hypothesized that chronic toxicity also occurs in LN patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes of tacrolimus in LN patients.

Methods
This observational cohort study examined adult LN patients treated with tacrolimus, assessing renal outcomes, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular events and the Framingham risk score. The results were compared with a control group of CNI-naïve LN patients.

Results
Of the 219 LN patients in this study, 43 (19.6%) had tacrolimus exposure. Over a median follow-up of 7.1 years, tacrolimus use was associated with significant kidney function decline (6.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, versus 0.8 in the control group). The incidence of end-stage kidney disease was similar. Cardiovascular event incidence was equally low in both groups. The 10-year risk of coronary heart disease was lower in the tacrolimus group, primarily due to age differences. HbA1c levels were higher in the tacrolimus group (37.4 mmol/mol) than in controls (33.6 mmol/mol), although the incidence of diabetes was similar. There were no differences in the occurrence of hypertension or dyslipidemia.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that tacrolimus exposure was associated with long-term kidney function loss in LN patients. Although cardiovascular risk factors and events were similar to patients never exposed to tacrolimus, there may be an increased risk of developing diabetes. Therefore, our study supports vigilance towards renal adverse effects in LN patients treated with tacrolimus.
Towards consistency in pediatric brain tumor measurements: Challenges, solutions, and the role of artificial intelligence-based segmentation
Authors: Familiar Ariana M , Fathi Kazerooni Anahita , Vossough Arastoo , Ware Jeffrey B , Bagheri Sina , Khalili Nastaran , Anderson Hannah , Haldar Debanjan , Storm Phillip B , Resnick Adam C , Kann Benjamin H , Aboian Mariam , Kline Cassie , Weller Michael , Huang Raymond Y , Chang Susan M , Fangusaro Jason R , Hoffman Lindsey M , Mueller Sabine , Prados Michael , Nabavizadeh Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
MR imaging is central to the assessment of tumor burden and changes over time in neuro-oncology. Several response assessment guidelines have been set forth by the Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) working groups in different tumor histologies; however, the visual delineation of tumor components using MRIs is not always straightforward, and complexities not currently addressed by these criteria can introduce inter- and intra-observer variability in manual assessments. Differentiation of non-enhancing tumors from peritumoral edema, mild enhancement from absence of enhancement, and various cystic components can be challenging; particularly given a lack of sufficient and uniform imaging protocols in clinical practice. Automated tumor segmentation with artificial intelligence (AI) may be able to provide more objective delineations, but rely on accurate and consistent training data created manually (ground truth). Herein, this paper reviews existing challenges and potential solutions to identifying and defining subregions of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) that are not explicitly addressed by current guidelines. The goal is to assert the importance of defining and adopting criteria for addressing these challenges, as it will be critical to achieving standardized tumor measurements and reproducible response assessment in PBTs, ultimately leading to more precise outcome metrics and accurate comparisons among clinical studies.
Metallic protection of soil carbon: divergent drainage effects in Sphagnum vs. non-Sphagnum wetlands
Authors: Liu Chengzhu , Zhao Yunpeng , Ma Lixiao , Zhai Guoqing , Li Xingqi , Freeman Chris , Feng Xiaojuan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The established paradigm assumes that drainage may decrease the vast soil organic carbon (SOC) reservoir in global wetlands. Yet drainage can also promote SOC stabilization by fostering the accrual of metal-bound organic carbon (bound OC) upon oxygen exposure. Here, this emergent mechanism is tested for the first time at a regional scale, using literature data and a nationwide, pairwise survey of drained wetlands across China. We show that long-term (15–55 years) drainage largely increased metallic protection of SOC (bound OC%) in non-Sphagnum wetlands, but consistently decreased bound OC% in Sphagnum wetlands following replacement of the ‘rust engineer’ Sphagnum by herbaceous plants. Improved SOC stock estimates based on 66 soil profiles reveal that bound OC increases can compensate for the loss of unbound SOC components in non-Sphagnum wetlands with substantial accrual of reactive metals. Metallic stabilization of wetland SOC is hence a widespread but overlooked mechanism that is heavily influenced by vegetational shifts. Incorporating this novel mechanism into models will improve prediction of wetland SOC dynamics under shifting hydrological regimes.
Amoxicillin and Ceftriaxone: A Synergistic Association Against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Sixt Thibault , Moretto Florian , Das Neves Sylvia , Amoureux Lucie , Neuwirth Catherine , Piroth Lionel , Blot Mathieu , Chavanet Pascal , Bador Julien 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Among 15 strains of Listeria monocytogenes tested, a synergy between amoxicillin and ceftriaxone was observed in 14 (93%) according to minimal inhibitory concentration strips and 12 (80%) per the checkerboard methods, as well as for 2 of the 3 strains tested by the time-killing curve. This association may be an alternative treatment for listeriosis in the future.