bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mauvaise gouvernance et ONG : l'exception nigériane
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Véritable cas d’école de la mauvaise gouvernance, le Nigeria est régulièrement classé parmi les États les plus corrompus et les plus violents du monde. Autre caractéristique exceptionnelle en Afrique, il compte très peu d’ONG du Nord et ne dépend quasiment pas de l’aide publique au développement grâce à la puissance financière et politique que lui garantissent ses ressources pétrolières. De ce fait, il se démarque nettement du reste du continent et échappe davantage aux prescriptions normatives des adeptes de la « bonne gouvernance ». S’appuyant sur une société civile dont la vitalité n’est plus à démontrer, les ONG locales ne jouent pas moins un rôle important. À partir d’exemples concrets, l’article analyse ainsi leur genèse et leur développement dans une perspective historique, de l’Indépendance jusqu’à nos jours. Par la même occasion sont étudiées les fragilités intrinsèques d’un milieu associatif qui, à l’épreuve du politique, s’avère ne pas correspondre aux canons occidentaux de la bonne gouvernance, quitte à relativiser d’autant les espoirs placés dans la société civile en matière de démocratisation.
Illégitimer des distinctions en droit
Authors: Rennes Juliette 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Par quel processus une distinction légale jusqu’alors acceptée (qu’elle soit fondée sur le sexe, l’orientation sexuelle, la nationalité, l’âge ou encore le statut marital) devient-elle publiquement perçue comme discriminatoire ? Cette question peut être entendue à la fois comme une question de recherche, relevant de la sociologie des mobilisations ou de l’historiographie des luttes pour l’égalité, et comme une question politique, portant sur les stratégies adéquates pour faire valoir l’illégitimité de telle ou telle distinction légale. Cet article s’intéresse à l’articulation de ces deux regards sur la mise en crise d’une distinction légale, celui de l’enquête sociologique et historique, et celui des luttes politiques. Après avoir examiné les conditions de possibilité d’une histoire de la contestation des distinctions légales, on analyse les enjeux proprement politiques de cette histoire, en se penchant plus particulièrement sur les opérations de comparaison entre des revendications d’égalité contemporaines et des revendications antérieures désormais légitimes.
Justesse de la perception d'élèves quant à leur niveau de performance, de discipline et d'effort durant les cours d'éducation physique
Authors: Martel Denis 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Les objectifs de l’étude sont (1) de vérifier le niveau de justesse entre les autoévaluations d’élèves et les évaluations de leur éducateur physique pour leur niveau de performance, de discipline et d’effort en éducation physique, et (2) d’analyser ce niveau de justesse à la lumière des prédictions des élèves de l’évaluation de leur enseignant sur ces dimensions. Un total de 891 élèves (418 filles, 473 garçons), issus de 35 classes de 5 e et 6 e années du primaire (10-11 ans), ont complété un questionnaire. Les éducateurs physiques (N=8) ont évalué leurs élèves sur chacune des trois dimensions. Les résultats révèlent que, en moyenne et dans une classe donnée, peu d’élèves (34 % à 39 %) évaluent avec justesse l’une ou l’autre des dimensions et que moins de 10 % d’entre eux ont une perception juste de l’ensemble des dimensions. Le genre des élèves et l’enseignant sont des facteurs à considérer dans l’explication de ces variations. Les résultats montrent également que la juxtaposition de la justesse d’autoévaluation des élèves et de leur prédiction de l’évaluation de leur enseignant apporte un éclairage nouveau pour la compréhension du niveau de justesse d’autoévaluation des élèves. En fait, cette juxtaposition permet d’identifier des catégories d’élèves dont les perceptions erronées obligent à une réflexion de la part des enseignants.
A paradigm shift in the management of musth among bull elephants in captivity in Sri Lanka
Authors: Santiapillai Charles , Read Bruce , Jacobson Gary , Wijeyamohan S , Rambukpotha Sunel 
Published: August 2011

The phenomenon of musth among Asian elephants has been known since ancient times. Musth is a temporary post-pubertal, reproductive phenomenon commonly observed in the healthy male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) both in the wild and in captivity. However, the treatment of musth bulls in Asia has remained almost unchanged. The traditional way of dealing with musth bulls involves restraining the animals by tethering them to trees and reducing the food intake so as to weaken them, with the assumption that they would drop out of musth faster. But such methods can cause severe wounds on the legs from the ropes used to tie the animals, and make the bulls more aggressive and traumatic, thereby posing a serious danger to their keepers or mahouts. The alternative method described in the paper provides a strong, safe, and secure tool for the management of musth bulls in captivity. The method not only assures the safety of the bulls but ensures that of the mahouts as well. Being a predominantly Buddhist country, Sri Lanka can lead the way in promoting the bull pen as an alternative tool in the management of bulls in musth, while assuring the utmost safety of their keepers. Key words: musth, Asian elephant, mahouts, bull pen, Elephas maximus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i1.3404 CJSBS 2011; 40(1): 25-32
Quantum Random Walks and Minors of Hermitian Brownian Motion
Authors: Chapon François , Defosseux Manon 
Published: August 2011

AbstractConsidering quantum random walks, we construct discrete-time approximations of the eigenvalues processes of minors of Hermitian Brownian motion. It has been recently proved by Adler, Nordenstam, and van Moerbeke that the process of eigenvalues of two consecutive minors of a Hermitian Brownian motion is a Markov process; whereas, if one considers more than two consecutive minors, the Markov property fails. We show that there are analog results in the noncommutative counterpart and establish the Markov property of eigenvalues of some particular submatrices of Hermitian Brownian motion.
Quasisymmetrically Minimal Moran Sets
Authors: Dai Mei-Feng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractM. Hu and S. Wen considered quasisymmetrically minimal uniform Cantor sets of Hausdorff dimension 1, where at the k-th set one removes from each interval I a certain number nk of open subintervals of length ck|I|, leaving (nk + 1) closed subintervals of equal length. Quasisymmetrically Moran sets of Hausdorff dimension 1 considered in the paper are more general than uniform Cantor sets in that neither the open subintervals nor the closed subintervals are required to be of equal length.
Structure in Sets with Logarithmic Doubling
Authors: Sanders T. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Suppose that G is an abelian group, A ⊂ G is finite with |A + A| ≤ K|A| and η ∊ 2 (0; 1] is a parameter. Our main result is that there is a set L such thatWe include an application of this result to a generalisation of the Roth-Meshulam theorem due to Liu and Spencer
Estratégias de crescimento e a governança de redes horizontais de empresas: o caso da maior rede cooperativa de varejo de alimentos na Alemanha
Authors: Wegner Douglas , Padula Antonio Domingos 
Published: August 2011

Diversas estratégias de crescimento podem ser adotadas por redes cooperativas do varejo, mas essas estratégias trazem consigo dilemas sobre como organizar redes com muitos participantes equais adaptações são necessárias no sistema de governança para que o crescimento seja viável.O artigo analisa como as estratégias de crescimento adotadas por uma rede horizontal de empresas estão relacionadas com seu sistema de governança. Neste trabalho analisa-se o caso da centenária rede Edeka, líder no varejo de alimentos na Alemanha, suas estratégias de crescimentoe implicações em termos de estrutura. O estudo de caso foi baseadoem dados secundários de diversas fontes e foca a rede – e não as empresas – como unidade de análise. Os resultados apontam que, para crescer, a rede modificou sua estrutura de governança e o processo de participação dos associados na tomada de decisões, criando uma estrutura hierárquica com uma gestão profissional.O artigo contribui para as discussões sobre governança cooperativa, demonstrando que os sistemas de governança são transitórios e adaptam-se às estratégias da rede. Do ponto de vista gerencial, os resultados demonstram os efeitos das estratégias de crescimento adotados pelas redes de empresas, no que se refere ao papel de gestores de redes e empresários na gestão da rede.
Sulfuric acid controlled oxidative degradation of azure B and thionine dyes by cerium(IV)
Authors: Katafias Anna , Fenska Joanna 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAzure B (AB) and thionine (TH) cationic phenothiazyne dyes undergo an oxidative degradation by cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid media. TLC analysis of the reaction mixture containing an excess of the oxidant has shown the presence of thionine and/or methylene violet (Bernthsen) and other unidentified species. The kinetics of (i) two AB oxidation steps, namely the formation of a colored radical and its further decomposition, and (ii) the TH disappearance was studied using visible absorption spectroscopy combined with a stopped‐flow method. Generation of the AB radical was confirmed by continuous flow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The reactions are first order in the total dye concentration, [S]. The kinetics of the studied systems is described by a common general rate law:

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The reactivity of the reductants in their protonated and unprotonated forms is expressed by products of preequilibrium constants and electron transfer (within encounter complex) rate constants. The mechanism of the overall process is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 523–536, 2011
Kinetic study of the reaction of OH with CH3I revisited
Authors: Zhang Shaoliang , Strekowski Rafal S. , Bosland Loïc , Monod Anne , Zetzsch Cornelius 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique has been employed to investigate the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of OH(X2Π) radicals with CH3I over the temperature and pressure ranges 295–390 K and 82–303 Torr of He, respectively. The experiments involved time‐resolved RF detection of the OH (A2Σ+ → X2Π transition at λ = 308 nm) following FP of H2O/CH3I/He mixtures. The OH(X2Π) radicals were produced by FP of H2O in the vacuum‐UV at wavelengths λ > 115 nm using a commercial Perkin‐Elmer Xe flash lamp. Decays of OH in the presence of CH3I are observed to be exponential, and the decay rates are found to be linearly dependent on the CH3I concentration. The measured rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with CH3I are described by the Arrhenius expression kOH+CH3I = (4.1 ± 2.2) × 10−12 exp [(−1240 ± 200)K/T] cm3 molecule−1s−1. The implications of the reported kinetic results for understanding the CH3I chemistry of both atmospheric and nuclear industry interests are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 547–556, 2011
Hearing loss in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis II: Data from HOS – the Hunter Outcome Survey
Authors: Keilmann Annerose , Nakarat Todsaporn , Bruce Iain A. , Molter David , Malm Gunilla ,   on behalf of the HOS Investigators
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundSubjectively reported hearing loss is a common feature of mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome). This study provides an epidemiological description of hearing loss and other otolaryngological manifestations reported by patients registered in the Hunter Outcome Survey (HOS), an international registry of patients with MPS II.MethodsData about ear signs and symptoms were available for 554 of the 605 patients alive at HOS entry. The degree of hearing loss for 162 pure‐tone audiograms (PTAs) from 83 patients was classified by independent interpreters using both the age‐specific International Institute of Standardization (ISO) 7029 standard and the age‐independent World Health Organization (WHO) clinical guidelines. A linear regression analysis using cross‐sectional data was conducted to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and age.ResultsThe most prevalent otolaryngological manifestations and interventions reported were otitis (either acute otitis media or chronic otitis media [72%]), hearing loss (67%), insertion of ventilation tubes (50%), adenoidectomy (47%), and hearing aids (41%). According to the ISO standard, only one patient out of the 83 with audiogram data in HOS had normal hearing in both ears at all time points. According to the WHO classification, 16% had normal hearing; hearing loss was mild in 24%, moderate in 31%, severe in 22%, and profound in 7%. In the linear regression analysis, the hearing threshold in the cohort increased with age at an estimated rate of approximately 1 dB per year.ConclusionsHearing impairment is common in MPS II. Early otolaryngological evaluation and intervention is recommended.
The role of depressive symptoms, family invalidation and behavioral impulsivity in the occurrence and repetition of non‐suicidal self‐injury in Chinese adolescents: A 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: You Jianing , Leung Freedom 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis study used zero‐inflated poisson regression analysis to examine the role of depressive symptoms, family invalidation, and behavioral impulsivity in the occurrence and repetition of non‐suicidal self‐injury among Chinese community adolescents over a 2‐year period. Participants, 4782 high school students, were assessed twice during the follow‐up period. Results indicate that while Year 1 depressive symptoms and family invalidation were significantly associated with the occurrence of Year 2 NSSI, Year 1 behavioral impulsivity contributed to both the occurrence and repetition of Year 2 NSSI. Findings of this study suggest that adolescents who display multiple impulsive behaviors may be at particular risk for engaging in repetitive NSSI. Clinical implications of these findings and future research directions were discussed.
Concordance between personality disorder assessment methods
Authors: Nestadt G. , Di C. , Samuels J. F. , Cheng Y.-J. , Bienvenu O. J. , Reti I. M. , Costa P. , Eaton W. W. , Bandeen-Roche K. 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundStudies have criticized the low level of agreement between the various methods of personality disorder (PD) assessment. This is an important issue for research and clinical purposes.MethodSeven hundred and forty-two participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorders Study (HEPS) were assessed on two occasions using the Personality Disorder Schedule (PDS) and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE). The concordance between the two diagnostic methods for all DSM-IV PDs was assessed using standard methods and also two item response analytic approaches designed to take account of measurement error: a latent trait-based approach and a generalized estimating equations (GEE)-based approach, with post-hoc adjustment.ResultsRaw criteria counts, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), κ and odds ratio (OR), showed poor concordance. The more refined statistical methods showed a moderate to moderately high level of concordance between the methods for most PDs studied. Overall, the PDS produced lower prevalences of traits but higher precision of measurement than the IPDE. Specific criteria within each PD showed varying endorsement thresholds and precision for ascertaining the disorder.ConclusionsConcordance in the raw measurement of the individual PD criteria between the two clinical methods is lacking. However, based on two statistical methods that adjust for differential endorsement thresholds and measurement error in the assessments, we deduce that the PD constructs themselves can be measured with a moderate degree of confidence regardless of the clinical approach used. This may suggest that the individual criteria for each PD are, in and of themselves, less specific for diagnosis, but as a group the criteria for each PD usefully identify specific PD constructs.
Do home-based exercise interventions improve outcomes for frail older people? Findings from a systematic review
Authors: Clegg Andrew P , Barber Sally E , Young John B , Forster Anne , Iliffe Steve J 
Published: August 2011

SummaryFrailty is common in older age, and is associated with important adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of disability and long-term care admission.This study aims to evaluate whether home-based exercise interventions improve outcomes for frail older people.We searched systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs, with literature searching to February 2010.All trials that evaluated home-based exercise interventions for frail older people were eligible. Primary outcomes were mobility, quality of life and daily living activities. Secondary outcomes included long-term care admission and hospitalization.Six RCTs involving 987 participants met the inclusion criteria. Four trials were considered of high quality. One high-quality trial reported improved disability in those with moderate but not severe frailty. Meta-analysis of long-term care admission rates identified a trend towards reduced risk. Inconsistent effects on other primary and secondary outcomes were reported in the other studies.There is preliminary evidence that home-based exercise interventions may improve disability in older people with moderate, but not severe, frailty. There is considerable uncertainty regarding effects on important outcomes including quality of life and long-term care admission. Home-based exercises are a potentially simple, safe and widely applicable intervention to prevent dependency decline for frail older people.
Endometrial recurrence in the proximal vagina: brachytherapy volume delineation with 18FDG PET-CT
Authors: Wickers Sairanne , Gill Eleanor , Sullivan Tracy , Rhodes Claire , Sullivan Kevin , Blackman Glen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground: Endometrial cancer vaginal recurrence in a patient deemed unsuitable for EBRT. Brachytherapy proposed although standard image-guidance insufficient.Proposed Solution: PET-CT image-guidance.Results: PET-CT acquired with brachytherapy applicator in situ. BTV delineated by the Nuclear Medicine physician. All subsequent volumes delineated by the Clinical Oncologist. 2 phase plan delivered with minimal toxicity.
Residue Dynamics Studies of Aluminum Phosphide and Magnesium Phosphide in Stored Rice Utilizing a Sulfuric Acid‐Toluene Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography Analysis
Authors: Zhang Fengzu , Jiang Yaping , Wang Lei , Kang Shu , Pan Canping 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTA method for determination of aluminum phosphide and magnesium phosphide residues in rice was developed and validated. This work, through good laboratory practices, demonstrated aluminum and magnesium phosphide residue dynamics in stored rice. Rice samples were treated with sulfuric acid, which hydrolyzed phosphides to phosphine (PH3), which was simultaneously trapped in toluene. The organic layer was filtered and then analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. The PH3 calibration curves showed a strong linear relationship in the range of 0.012–1.2 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of detection of this method was 0.004 mg/kg. The average recoveries from samples fortified with aluminum phosphide and magnesium phosphide ranged from 76.8 to 106.5% with relative standard deviations below 10.2% (n = 5). PH3 was applied separately to rice samples to study dissipation dynamics at application dosages of 9.0 and 12 g/m3, respectively. The results showed half‐lives of aluminum and magnesium phosphide in rice to be 1.84 and 1.53 days, respectively. PH3 was applied once at low and high dosages. The low dosage was 4.5 g/m3 of aluminum phosphide and 6.0 g/m3 of magnesium phosphide, and the high dosage was 9.0 and 12 g/m3 for these two formulations, respectively. The final PH3 residues were below 0.013 mg/kg (limit of quantification).
Biogeography of avian blood parasites (Leucocytozoon spp.) in two resident hosts across Europe: phylogeographic structuring or the abundance–occupancy relationship?
Authors: JENKINS TANIA , OWENS IAN P. F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRelationships between hosts and parasites represent complex co‐evolving systems that can vary both temporally and spatially. This variation may result in different phylogeographic outcomes, ranging from highly geographically structured parasite populations comprised of specialist lineages that are locally abundant but have restricted global occupancy to geographically unstructured parasite populations consisting of widespread parasites. Here, we present results from a large biogeographic study of the Leucocytozoon blood parasites of two nonmigrant bird species, conducted at nine sites across Europe. The aim was to determine whether the parasite lineages of the two hosts were phylogeographically structured across Europe. Employing molecular methods, we found a large diversity of parasites, and although overall prevalence varied greatly, the parasites were not genetically structured. Several measures of local parasite abundance were associated with the number of sites that the lineage occurred in, which is consistent with the macroecological phenomenon of the abundance–occupancy relationship. Taken together, our results show that parasite dispersal is somewhat uncoupled to that of the host in this system: we suggest that broad host and/or vector preference may play an important role in determining the distribution of these parasites and in affecting host–parasite coevolution in this system.
Peroxidase Activity after Viral Infection and Whitefly Infestation in Juvenile and Mature Leaves of Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Dieng Hamady , Satho Tomomitsu , Hassan Ahmad Abu , Aziz Al Thbiani , Morales Ronald Enrique , Hamid Suhaila Ab , Miake Fumio , Abubakar Sazaly 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhitefly infestation and the begomoviruses that they transmit have been shown to affect the activities of plant defence proteins, but with no relation to heterophylly, a process of great importance underlying the overall biology of plants. Here, we have assessed the effects of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on Solanum lycopersicum peroxidase (POD) activity and have examined whether leaves of different ages exhibit differential POD activity in response to infection and infestation with Bemisia tabaci B biotype. We used leaf discs of two ages (juvenile and mature) with two different infection statuses (infected and healthy) to examine the activity of the tomato plant peroxidase using guaiacol as a substrate and taking exposure time into account. S. lycopersicum showed increased POD activity in the presence of TYLCV. The activity of the enzyme was higher in mature than in juvenile leaves. In general, both infected and healthy leaves exhibited greater POD activity during whitefly infestation. In the infested juvenile leaves, POD activity was much lower in the healthy leaves and increased gradually with period of exposure to B. tabaci B infestation. In contrast, the activity of the enzyme remained low in infested mature leaves in both the presence and absence of the virus even with increased exposure time. Determination of the distribution of an insect pest is critical for sampling and management. Leaf age is presumed to be associated with the within‐host distribution of the geminivirus vector B. tabaci. Juvenile leaves will usually attract more insects due to increased nutritional value and weaker defences. Our results highlight the importance of leaf age/position on the whitefly – host plant – geminivirus interactions and have important implications for sampling and control strategies.