bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les groupes d'intérêt vus du local
Authors: Pollard Julie 
Published: September 2011

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que la prise en compte de niveaux infranationaux peut conduire à reconsidérer l’analyse de certains groupes d’intérêt dans des secteurs d’action publique. Le texte s’appuie empiriquement sur le cas des promoteurs immobiliers dans les politiques du logement en France. Il met en avant les difficultés et limites des mobilisations collectives de ces acteurs au plan national. Les promoteurs immobiliers sont cependant des acteurs déterminants dans la régulation du secteur du logement, du fait de leurs mobilisations – le plus souvent individuelles – dans les territoires infranationaux. Leur influence passe en particulier par deux vecteurs au plan local : leur participation à la mise en œuvre de politiques, en premier lieu fiscales, décidées par le gouvernement central ; et leurs mobilisations tournées vers les acteurs politiques locaux, détenteurs du droit de délivrer les permis de construire.
Loi restrictive et loi productive dans l'éthique fichtéenne
Authors: Piché Claude 
Published: September 2011

« Nous devons tous agir de la même manière. » Cette phrase percutante, pour ne pas dire provocante, intervient dans un passage du § 18 du Système de l’éthique où Fichte expose le principe de la morale. C’est dire que cette affirmation à propos de l’« uniformité de l’agir » traduit à sa manière la teneur de la conception fichtéenne de la loi morale. La question qui se pose alors est la suivante : comment faut-il comprendre cette exigence d’uniformisation de l’agir de la part de Fichte ? Pour y répondre, il convient selon nous de porter attention à la manière dont ce dernier se démarque de Kant en ce qui a trait à l’interprétation de la loi morale.
Comment Fichte rompt avec la représentation
Authors: Wilson Eric , Rockmore T. 
Published: September 2011

L’auteur montre comment très tôt, c’est-à-dire dès 1793 et la « Recension d’Énésidème », Fichte se détache de la conception moderne du représentationalisme en épistémologie comme en sémantique. L’auteur analyse à ce titre la Déduction de la représentation de la WL de 1794. Si Kant reste prisonnier de la conception représentationaliste, Fichte s’engage dans une voie autre en effectuant ici une rupture décisive avec la tradition.
Metal-on-Metal Surface Replacement: A Triumph of Hope Over Reason: Affirms
Authors: Cuckler John M. 
Published: September 2011

Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing offers some potential for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the young patient. However, short- and intermediate-term results of the currently available implants have failed to demonstrate advantage over conventional THA. The risks of femoral neck fracture or avascular necrosis have been disappointing early limitations of the procedure. The Australian Joint Registry reports a 5-year revision rate of all hip resurfacings of 3.8%, compared with conventional THAs at 2.8%, and a 9-year cumulative revision rate of 7.2% for hip resurfacings. Recent reports of femoral neck erosion and pseudotumors associated with resurfacing have raised concern about the survivorship of the procedure in some patients. Recently, the British Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency issued an alert over adverse reactions associated with metal-on-metal THAs, with particular concern expressed about hip resurfacings.
Acetabular bone stock may not be conserved when large-diameter femoral head components are used, depending on the surgical technique and implant design. In hip resurfacing, the minimum diameter femoral component avoids notching of the femoral neck; thus, larger diameter acetabular components may be necessary to accommodate the femoral component. Hip resurfacing is contraindicated in cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, especially with cysts >1 cm in diameter, with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and in some posttraumatic arthroses; furthermore, the biomechanics of the resurfaced hip appear to be less reliably restored than with conventional THA. The hypothesis that resurfacing is a more conservative procedure than conventional THA remains unproven at this time. Given the documented intermediate failure rates of resurfacing, metal-on-polyethylene is the more successful implant choice.
Metal-on-Metal Surface Replacement: A Triumph of Hope Over Reason: Opposes
Authors: Su Edwin P. , Su Sherwin L. 
Published: September 2011

Hip resurfacing has been performed for over a decade but still raises controversy as an alternative to traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA). Concerns exist about the potential complications of hip resurfacing, including femoral neck fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Recently, attention has been given to the metal-on-metal bearing of hip resurfacing with regard to production of metal ions, possible tissue necrosis, and rare instances of metal hypersensitivity. Given the success of the gold-standard THA, it is understandable why some surgeons believe metal-on-metal surface replacement to be “a triumph of hope over reason.” However, this article opposes that viewpoint, demonstrating that data exist to justify the practice of preserving bone in younger patients.
Hip resurfacing can maintain femoral bone without the expense of removing additional acetabular bone by using modern implants with incremental sizing. Furthermore, many of the problems cited with the bearing couple (such as excess metal production) have been due to poor implant designs, which have now been removed from the market. Finally, we now realize that the metal-on-metal articulation is more sensitive to malposition; thus, good surgical technique and experience can solve many of the problems that have been cited in the past. National registry results confirm that in a select population, hip resurfacing performs comparably to THA, while fulfilling the goal of bone preservation.
The Posterior Approach in THR: Assuring Capsular Stability
Authors: Ranawat Chitranjan S. , Meftah Morteza , Potter Hollis G. , Ranawat Amar S. 
Published: September 2011

Repair of the posterior capsule is advocated to reduce dislocation after total hip replacement (THR). To date, no predictable physical findings are reported in the literature to assess the capsular integrity and risk of hip dislocation after the posterior approach. The internal rotation test is performed at 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively with the hip and knee flexed at 90° while the patient is supine. The test is positive if a firm endpoint is felt with internal rotation of ≤15°.
Between January 2007 and January 2008, twenty-three patients who had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a mean 1.8±0.7 years after posterior-approach THR were included in this study. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed by a blinded radiologist for the integrity of the posterior capsule and quadratus, the distance between the piriformis and conjoined tendon to bone, and the amount of piriformis obturator internus atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging results in patients with positive internal rotation tests showed an intact posterior capsule and scarring of the tendons with no severe muscle atrophy. In patients with a negative internal rotation test, MRI showed incomplete healing of the tendons and severe muscle atrophy. Sensitivity and specificity of the internal rotation test for tendon/scar healing were 100% and 93%, respectively.
The internal rotation test is a simple, reproducible test that, if positive, has a high correlation with capsule/tendon healing.
Neutral Mechanical Alignment: A Requirement for Successful TKA: Opposes
Authors: Bellemans Johan 
Published: September 2011

There is increasing evidence that for a number of patients, neutral alignment is not normal. Patients with so-called constitutional varus have been in varus alignment since the end of their growth. Restoring neutral alignment in these cases may not be the best option for these patients since it is abnormal to them.
We recently performed a number of observational studies to find out how patients develop constitutional varus, how these patients can be recognized, and which factors contribute. A cohort of 800 young patients was analyzed to determine the influence of activity level on growth and the development of lower-leg alignment. At the same time, 250 asymptomatic adults between 20 and 27 years were analyzed to determine the incidence of constitutional varus. The results showed that 32% of adult men and 17% of adult women had constitutional varus knees with a natural mechanical alignment ≥3° varus. Constitutional varus was associated with increased sports activity during growth and began to become apparent at the time of growth spurt.
Based on these data, we believe that an important fraction of the normal population has a natural alignment at the end of growth of ≥3° varus. This may be a consequence of Hueter-Volkmann’s law. Restoration of mechanical alignment to neutral in these cases therefore may not be desirable and in fact unnatural for them.
Results of Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trials Comparing Standard and High-flexion Posterior-stabilized TKA: A Focused Review
Authors: Hamilton William G. , Sritulanondha Supatra , Engh C. Anderson 
Published: September 2011

High-flexion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs have been available for several years for patients desiring a greater postoperative flexion. We conducted a focused review on published results of prospective, randomized clinical trials that compared a standard posterior-stabilized TKA with a high-flexion posterior-stabilized TKA design. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 2.7 years. None of the articles included in the review showed a statistical difference between the standard and high-flexion designs in clinical flexion or range of motion. Mean postoperative flexion ranged from 106° to 130° for the standard design and 110° to 128° for the high-flexion design.
Based on currently available literature, high-flexion cruciate-substituting TKAs do not appear to provide increased flexion in the short term. The downsides of these designs, such as increased cost, increased bone resection, and early femoral loosening, need to be weighed against the potential long-term improvement in polyethylene wear due to increased conformity in high flexion. Continued follow-up to document these findings will be important.
Successful Outcomes of 25- and 23-Gauge Vitrectomies for Giant Retinal Tear Detachments
Authors: Kunikata Hiroshi , Abe Toshiaki , Nishida Kohji 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The authors examined the feasibility of performing 25- and 23-gauge micro-incision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) for a giant retinal tear.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The medical records of 12 eyes of 11 patients with giant retinal tear who underwent MIVS using perfluorocarbon liquids were reviewed. All patients were observed for at least 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
An intraoperative re-attachment was achieved in 12 eyes (100%) and 11 eyes (92%) remained attached without intraocular tamponade. Silicone oil was used in 9 of 12 eyes and removed 2 weeks after the initial vitrectomy except in one eye. The postoperative retinal complications included macular pucker in two eyes, subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid in two eyes, retinal folds in one eye, cystoid macular edema in one eye, and redetachment due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy in one eye.

CONCLUSION:
Although the study had a short follow-up period, primary MIVS appears to be safe and feasible for giant retinal tear surgery.
Outcomes of 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Surgical Management of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Schoenberger Scott D. , Miller Daniel M. , Riemann Christopher D. , Foster Robert E. , Sisk Robert A. , Hutchins Robert K. , Petersen Michael R. 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report outcomes and complications of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for patients with complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series of 174 eyes undergoing primary 25-gauge PPV for PDR from 2006 to 2009. Primary outcomes were visual acuity changes and rates of postoperative complications.

RESULTS:

Visual acuity improved from 20/187 before to 20/69 after surgery (
P
< .0001). Postoperative vitreous hemorrhage occurred in 38.7% of eyes and 10.4% of all eyes required another PPV for non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage. Complications included limited choroidal effusion (5.2%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (4.6%), hypotony, rubeosis, and ocular hypertension (4.1%), neovascular glaucoma (2.3%), hyphema (1.2%), and phthisis bulbi (0.6%).

CONCLUSION:
The authors found 25-gauge PPV to be effective for vitreous removal and membrane dissection. The spectrum and frequency of complications were similar to those reported for 20-gauge PPV for PDR. In the surgical management of PDR, 25-gauge PPV is an alternative.
Immunotherapy with Costimulatory Dendritic Cells To Control Autoimmune Inflammation
Authors: O’Sullivan Brendan J. , Pai Saparna , Street Shayna , An Xiayou , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Wong Michele , Strutton Geoffrey , Gerondakis Steve , Steptoe Raymond J. , Fazekas de St. Groth Barbara , Hill Geoffrey R. , Thomas Ranjeny 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Costimulation-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) prevent autoimmune disease in mouse models. However, autoimmune-prone mice and humans fail to control expansion of peripheral autoreactive effector memory T cells (TEMs), which resist immunoregulation by costimulation-deficient DCs. In contrast, activation of DC costimulation may be coupled with regulatory capacity. To test whether costimulatory DCs control TEMs and attenuate established autoimmune disease, we used RelB-deficient mice, which have multiorgan inflammation, expanded peripheral autoreactive TEMs, and dysfunctional Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) cells and conventional DCs. TEMs were regulated by Foxp3+ Tregs when costimulated by CD3/CD28-coated beads or wild-type DCs but not DCs deficient in RelB or CD80/CD86. After transfer, RelB and CD80/CD86-sufficient DCs restored tolerance and achieved a long-term cure of autoimmune disease through costimulation of TEM and Foxp3+ Treg IFN-γ production, as well as induction of IDO by host APCs. IDO was required for regulation of TEMs and suppression of organ inflammation. Our data challenge the paradigm that costimulation-deficient DCs are required to regulate established autoimmune disease to avoid TEM activation and demonstrate cooperative cross-talk between costimulatory DCs, IFN-γ, and IDO-dependent immune regulation. IFN-γ and IDO activity may be good surrogate biomarkers measured against clinical efficacy in trials of autoimmune disease immunoregulation.
Combined Central Retinal Vein and Central Retinal Artery Occlusions and Neovascular Glaucoma Associated with Interferon Treatment
Authors: Rachitskaya Aleksandra V. , Lee Richard K. , Dubovy Sander R. , Schiff Eugene R. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose Interferon (IFN) is a mainstay medication used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C, as well as for treatment of certain neoplastic and autoimmune conditions. We present a case of a 50-year-old man who, while on IFN treatment, developed central retinal vein and artery occlusions complicated by the development of neovascular glaucoma secondary to severe retinal ischemia. Interferon retinopathy is associated with ischemic retinal cotton-wool spots. This case illustrates how IFN can lead to severe and sight-threatening retinal ischemia. Methods Case report. Results A 50-year-old man with previously good vision presented with decreased vision in the right eye while being treated with IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C. He was diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion and 2 weeks later also developed a central retinal artery occlusion. His course was complicated by the development of neovascular glaucoma. The final visual acuity was ultimately light perception. Conclusions Interferon therapy is commonly utilized for chronic hepatitis C, neoplastic conditions, and multiple sclerosis. Clinicians should be aware of the sight-threatening complications of IFN therapy, especially with regard to ocular vaso-occlusive disease and severe retinal ischemia.
Violent and nonviolent video games differentially affect physical aggression for individuals high vs. low in dispositional anger
Authors: Engelhardt Christopher R. , Bartholow Bruce D. , Saults J. Scott 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough numerous experiments have shown that exposure to violent video games (VVG) causes increases in aggression, relatively few studies have investigated the extent to which this effect differs as a function of theoretically relevant individual difference factors. This study investigated whether video game content differentially influences aggression as a function of individual differences in trait anger. Participants were randomly assigned to play a violent or nonviolent video game before completing a task in which they could behave aggressively. Results showed that participants high in trait anger were the most aggressive, but only if they first played a VVG. This relationship held while statistically controlling for dimensions other than violent content on which game conditions differed (e.g. frustration, arousal). Implications of these findings for models explaining the effects of video games on behavior are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 37:539–546, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanostructures from Single Amino Acid‐Based Molecules: Stability, Fibrillation, Encapsulation, and Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Koley Pradyot , Pramanik Animesh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe small‐sized molecules that have been developed from single hydrophobic amino acids (Phe, Trp, Tyr and Leu) by suitably protecting the –NH2 and –CO2H groups generate diverse nanoscopic structures – such as nanorods, nanofibrils, nanotubes, and nanovesicles – depending upon the protection parameters and solvent polarity. The vesicular structures get disrupted in the presence of various salts, such as KCl, CaCl2, (NH4)2SO4 and N(n‐Bu)4Br. Insertion of unnatural (o/m/p)‐aminobenzoic acids as a protecting group and the lack of conventional peptide bonds in the molecules give the nanostructures proteolytic stability. The nanostructures also show significant thermal stability along with a morphological transformation upon heat treatment. Our in vitro studies reveal that the addition of micromolar concentration “curcumin” significantly reduces the formation of amyloid‐like fibrils. These diverse nanostructures are used as a template for fabricating silver nanoparticles on their outer surfaces as well as in the inner part, followed by calcination in air which helps to obtain a 1D silver nanostructure. Furthermore, the nanovesicles are observed to encapsulate a potent drug (curcumin) and other biologically important molecules, which could be released through salt‐triggered disruption of vesicles.
Towards Ultrastrong Glasses
Authors: Wondraczek Lothar , Mauro John C. , Eckert Jürgen , Kühn Uta , Horbach Jürgen , Deubener Joachim , Rouxel Tanguy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe development of new glassy materials is key for addressing major global challenges in energy, medicine, and advanced communications systems. For example, thin, flexible, and large‐area glass substrates will play an enabling role in the development of flexible displays, roll‐to‐roll processing of solar cells, next‐generation touch‐screen devices, and encapsulation of organic semiconductors. The main drawback of glass and its limitation for these applications is its brittle fracture behavior, especially in the presence of surface flaws, which can significantly reduce the practical strength of a glass product. Hence, the design of new ultrastrong glassy materials and strengthening techniques is of crucial importance. The main issues regarding glass strength are discussed, with an emphasis on the underlying microscopic mechanisms that are responsible for mechanical properties. The relationship among elastic properties and fracture behavior is also addressed, focusing on both oxide and metallic glasses. From a theoretical perspective, atomistic modeling of mechanical properties of glassy materials is considered. The topological origin of these properties is also discussed, including its relation to structural and chemical heterogeneities. Finally, comments are given on several toughening strategies for increasing the damage resistance of glass products.
A New Model Describing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Kinetics: Model Thin Film SrTi1‐xFexO3‐δ Mixed Conducting Oxides–a Case Study
Authors: Jung WooChul , Tuller Harry L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIdentifying the important factors governing the oxygen reduction kinetics at solid oxide fuel cell cathodes is critical for enhanced performance, particularly at reduced temperatures. In this work, a model mixed conducting perovskite materials system, SrTi1–xFexO3–δ, is selected, offering the ability to systematically control both the levels of ionic and electronic conductivity as well as the energy band structure. This, in combination with considerably simplified electrode geometry, serves to demonstrate that the rate of oxygen exchange at the surface of SrTi1–xFexO3–δ is only weakly correlated with either high electronic or ionic conductivity, in apparent contradiction with common expectations. Based on the correlation found between the position of the Fermi energy relative to the conduction band edge and the activation energy exhibited by the exchange rate constant, it is possible to confirm experimentally, for the first time, the key role that the minority electronic species play in determining the overall reaction kinetics. These observations lead to a new conceptual model describing cathode kinetics and provide guidelines for identifying cathodes with improved performance.
In‐situ Crosslinking and n‐Doping of Semiconducting Polymers and Their Application as Efficient Electron‐Transporting Materials in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Cho Namchul , Yip Hin‐Lap , Davies Joshua A. , Kazarinoff Peter D. , Zeigler David F. , Durban Matthew M. , Segawa Yukari , O'Malley Kevin M. , Luscombe Christine K. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate in‐situ n‐doping and crosslinking of semiconducting polymers as efficient electron‐transporting materials for inverted configuration polymer solar cells. The semiconducting polymers were crosslinked with bis(perfluorophenyl) azide (bis‐PFPA) to form a robust solvent‐resistant film, thereby preventing solvent‐induced erosion during subsequent solution‐based device processing. In addition, chemical n‐doping of semiconducting polymers with (4‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)dimethylamine (N‐DMBI) substantially improved the power conversion efficiency of solar cells from 0.69% to 3.42%. These results open the way for progress on generally applicable polymeric interface materials, providing not only high device performance but also an effective fabrication method for solution‐processed multilayer solar cell devices.
Superacidic Electrospun Fiber‐Nafion Hybrid Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Yao Yingfang , Lin Zhan , Li Ying , Alcoutlabi Mataz , Hamouda Hechmi , Zhang Xiangwu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA novel type of hybrid membrane has been fabricated by incorporating superacidic sulfated zirconia (S‐ZrO2) fibers into recast Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). With the introduction of electrospun superacidic fiber mats, a large amount of protogenic groups aggregated in the interfacial region between S‐ZrO2 fibers and the ionomer matrix, forming continuous pathways for facile proton transport. The resultant hybrid membranes had high proton conductivities, which were controlled by selectively adjusting the fiber diameter and fiber volume fraction. Consequently, the superacidic S‐ZrO2 electrospun fibers are promising filler materials and hybrid membranes containing S‐ZrO2 fiber mats can be potentially used in high‐performance fuel cells.