bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of a bluetongue disease epizootic caused by bluetongue virus serotype 17 in sheep in Wyoming
Authors: Miller Myrna M. , Brown Jeremy , Cornish Todd , Johnson Gregory , Mecham James O. , Reeves Will K. , Wilson William 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Objective—To characterize a 2007 bluetongue disease (BT) epizootic caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 17 in sheep in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—1,359 sheep from ranches in Wyoming and Montana.
Procedures—Information on clinical signs and history of BT in sheep was obtained from ranchers and attending veterinarians. At 3 to 6 months after the 2007 BT epizootic, blood samples were collected from rams, ewes, and lambs within and outside the Big Horn Basin; blood samples were also collected from lambs born in the spring of 2008. Sera were tested for anti-BTV antibodies by use of a competitive ELISA to determine the seroprevalence of BTV in sheep and to measure antibody titers. Virus isolation and reverse transcriptase PCR assays were used to determine long-term presence of the infectious virus or viral genetic material in RBCs of sheep.
Results—The percentage of sheep seropositive for BTV closely matched morbidity of sheep within flocks, indicating few subclinical infections. Flocks separated by as little as 1 mile had substantial variation in infection rate. Rams were infected at a higher rate than ewes. There was no evidence of BTV successfully overwintering in the area.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This epizootic appears to be a new intrusion of BTV into a naïve population of sheep previously protected geographically by the mountains surrounding the Big Horn Basin. Rams may have a higher infection rate as a result of increased vector biting opportunity because of the large surface area of the scrotum.
Minimal Detectable Change of the Timed “Up & Go” Test and the Dynamic Gait Index in People With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Huang Sheau-Ling , Hsieh Ching-Lin , Wu Ruey-Meei , Tai Chun-Hwei , Lin Chin-Hsien , Lu Wen-Shian 
Published: October 2010

Background
The minimal detectable change (MDC) is the smallest amount of difference in individual scores that represents true change (beyond random measurement error). The MDCs of the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in people with Parkinson disease (PD) are largely unknown, limiting the interpretability of the change scores of both measures.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to estimate the MDCs of the TUG and the DGI in people with PD.

Design
This investigation was a prospective cohort study.

Methods
Seventy-two participants were recruited from special clinics for movement disorders at a university hospital. Their mean age was 67.5 years, and 61% were men. All participants completed the TUG and the DGI assessments twice, about 14 days apart. The MDC was calculated from the standard error of measurement. The percentage MDC (MDC%) was calculated as the MDC divided by the mean of all scores for the sample. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to examine the reproducibility between testing sessions (test-retest reliability).

Results
The respective MDC and MDC% of the TUG were 3.5 seconds and 29.8, and those of the DGI were 2.9 points and 13.3. The test-retest reliability values for the TUG and the DGI were high; the intraclass correlation coefficients were .80 and .84, respectively.

Limitations
The study sample was a convenience sample, and the participants had mild to moderately severe PD.

Conclusions
The results showed that the TUG and the DGI have generally acceptable random measurement error and test-retest reliability. These findings should help clinicians and researchers determine whether a change in an individual patient with PD is a true change.
Virial Moments of Large-Scale Neutrino Structures
Authors: Dhungel PR , Sharma SK , Khanal U 
Published: October 2010

In the course of studying the role of massive neutrinos and other particles in the large scale structures formation in the universe, Virial moments of the neutrino structures have been calculated. The Jeans masses calculated this way have been compared with the ones calculated earlier in our previous paper. Key words: Large-scale structures; Virial equation; Neutrino; Jeans mass. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3837 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.1-3
Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 pseudotypes: comparing safety, specificity, and transduction efficiency in the primate striatum
Authors: Sanchez Carlos E. , Tierney Travis S. , Gale John T. , Alavian Kambiz N. , Sahin Ayguen , Lee Jeng-Shin , Mulligan Richard C. , Carter Bob S. 
Published: October 2010

Object
Although several clinical trials utilizing the adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 serotype 2 (2/2) are now underway, it is unclear whether this particular serotype offers any advantage over others in terms of safety or efficiency when delivered directly to the CNS.

Methods
Recombinant AAV2–green fluorescent protein (GFP) serotypes 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, and 2/8 were generated following standard triple transfection protocols (final yield 5.4 × 1012 particles/ml). A total of 180 μl of each solution was stereotactically infused, covering the entire rostrocaudal extent of the caudoputamen in 4 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) (3.0 ± 0.5 kg). After 6 weeks' survival, the brain was formalin fixed, cut at 40 μm, and stained with standard immunohistochemistry for anti-GFP, anticaspase-2, and cell-specific markers (anti–microtubule-associated protein-2 for neurons and anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein for glia). Unbiased stereological counting methods were used to determine cell number and striatal volume.

Results
The entire striatum of each animal contained GFP-positive cells with significant labeling extending beyond the borders of the basal ganglia. No ischemic/necrotic, hemorrhagic, or neoplastic change was observed in any brain. Total infusate volumes were similar across the 4 serotypes. However, GFP-labeled cell density was markedly different. Adeno-associated virus 2/1, 2/2, and 2/5 each labeled < 8000 cells/mm3, whereas serotype 8 labeled > 21,000 cells, a 3- to 4-fold higher transduction efficiency. On the other hand, serotype 8 also labeled neurons and glia with equal affinity compared with neuronal specificities > 89% for the other serotypes. Moderate caspase-2 colabeling was noted in neurons immediately around the AAV2/1 injection tracts, but was not seen above the background anywhere in the brain following injections with serotypes 2, 5, or 8.

Conclusions
Intrastriatal delivery of AAV2 yields the highest cell transduction efficiencies but lowest neuronal specificity for serotype 8 when compared with serotypes 1, 2, and 5. Only AAV2/1 revealed significant caspase-2 activation. Careful consideration of serotype-specific differences in AAV2 neurotropism, transduction efficiency, and potential toxicity may affect future human trials.
Gamma Knife surgery for brain metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Matsunaga Shigeo , Shuto Takashi , Kawahara Nobutaka , Suenaga Jun , Inomori Shigeo , Fujino Hideyo 
Published: October 2010

Object
The outcomes after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) were retrospectively analyzed in patients with brain metastases from radioresistant primary colorectal cancer to evaluate the efficacy of GKS and the prognostic factors for local tumor control and overall survival.

Methods
The authors reviewed the medical records of 152 patients with 616 tumors. The group included 102 men and 50 women aged 35–85 years (mean age 64.4 years), who underwent GKS for metastatic brain tumors from colorectal cancer between April 1992 and September 2008 at Yokohama Rosai Hospital.

Results
The mean prescription dose to the tumor margin was 18.5 Gy (range 8–30 Gy). The mean tumor volume at GKS was 2.0 cm3 (range 0.004–10.0 cm3). The primary tumors were located in the colon in 88 patients and the rectum in 64. The median interval between the diagnosis of primary lesions and the diagnosis of brain metastases was 27 months (range 0–180 months). The median neuroradiological follow-up period after GKS was 3 months (mean 6.4 months, range 1–93 months). The local tumor growth control rate, based on MR imaging, was 91.2%. The significant factors for unfavorable local tumor growth control, based on multivariate analysis, were larger tumor volume (p = 0.001) and lower margin dose (p = 0.016). The median overall survival time was 6 months. Lower Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.026) and the presence of extracranial metastases (p = 0.004) at first GKS were significantly correlated with poor overall survival period in multivariate analysis. The cause of death was systemic disease in 112 patients and neurological disease in 13 patients. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis was significantly correlated with a shorter duration of neurological survival in multivariate analysis (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Gamma Knife surgery is effective for suppression of local tumor growth in patients with brain metastases from radioresistant colorectal primary cancer. Therefore, clinical and radiological screening of intracranial metastases for patients with lower KPS scores and/or the presence of extracranial metastases as well as follow-up examinations after GKS for brain metastases should be performed periodically in patients with colorectal cancer, because the neurological prognosis is improved by initial and repeat GKS for newly diagnosed or recurrent tumors leading to a prolonged high-quality survival period.
Results with judicious modern neurosurgical management of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas
Authors: Sughrue Michael E. , Rutkowski Martin J. , Shangari Gopal , Parsa Andrew T. , Berger Mitchel S. , McDermott Michael W. 
Published: October 2010

Object
The management of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas centers around the relationship between the tumor and the venous anatomy of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the bridging veins. The present study aims to address surgical outcomes in a focused cohort of these patients for which there is not clinical equipoise between radiosurgery and transcranial resection.

Methods
The clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgical removal of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas at the authors' institution over an 18-year period were analyzed. Analysis was limited to patients with large, symptomatic, or rapidly growing tumors, for whom radiosurgery was not a good option. Tumor control was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and specific attention was paid to the relationship between the tumor and the SSS, and its impact on tumor control and outcome.

Results
The authors identified 135 patients with large, symptomatic, and/or growing parasagittal/falcine meningiomas who underwent resection at their institution between 1991 and 2007. The median length of follow-up was 7.6 years (range 1.7–18.6 years). The SSS was found to be invaded in 61 of 135 cases. In 6 cases the sinus was completely occluded. In 33 of the remaining 55 cases, the tumor invading the sinus was able to be removed with simple microsurgical techniques. There was no difference in rates of tumor control in patients who received subtotal resection for a WHO Grade I tumor, followed by close observation, compared with those undergoing gross-total resection, primarily because no cases were observed in which the tumor remnant in the SSS demonstrated interval growth on serial imaging studies. Of the patients in this series, 19% experienced at least one neurological, medical, or surgical complication.

Conclusions
Importantly, these data provide a more modern estimate of the expected outcomes that can be obtained with treatment of these tumors, in which a combination of image guidance, advanced microsurgical tools, and conformal radiation treatments is used.
La dépigmentation cosmétique à Dakar (Sénégal) : facteurs socio-économiques et motivations individuelles
Authors: Mahé Antoine , Ly Fatimata , Gounongbé Ari 
Published: October 2010

The cosmetic use of bleaching products in Dakar, Senegal: socio-economic factors and claimed motivations
In order to evaluate the reasons for the cosmetic use of skin bleaching products, a questionnaire was proposed to a sample of 368 women presenting at a dermatological centre in Dakar. According to the collected data, bleaching products appear to be more frequently used among women from Dakar, aged from 20 to 40 years, married or having a boy- friend, with an educational level equivalent to primary school, a job implying contacts with customers, and among women having access to certain consumption goods (TV, phone, car). According to their statements, the main motivations of women using bleaching products are the following: be fashionable, be pretty, imitate close friends, practice self- medication. Female friends of bleaching products users are said to often compliment and prompt them, contrarily to family members who generally criticize strongly the practice; the husbands present an intermediary position. These data suggest that bleaching products' s use works like a fashion phenomenon, with both identification to a group (mainly, female friends) and a claim to certain values, especially urbanity, modernity, adult femininity, power of seduction, and access to a certain social level. A wish of emancipation toward classical patterns of women seems present. There is a significant ambivalence of bleaching products users concerning their cosmetic practices. According to thèse data, the usual explanations for the cosmetic use of bleaching products, i. e. a negative perception of black skin making reference to racial typology, are not confirmed. In order to understand the current use of bleaching products, it is essential to adopt a historical perspective, especially with regard to local perceptions of skin colour differences, as to local strategies of seduction.
Une politique de santé « a priori ». Le dépistage néonatal de la mucoviscidose en Bretagne
Authors: Vailly Joelle 
Published: October 2010

Una política de salud « a priori ». La detección neonatal de la mucoviscidosis en Bretaña
La detección neonatal de la mucoviscidosis (DNM), cuya necesidad es todavía objeto de debates a nivel internacional, ha sido oficialmente decidida en Francia en el año 2002. Nuestro estudio trata sobre un programa régional de DNM, iniciado en 1988 en Bretaña, en una época en que los estudios sobre la importancia de esta detección en los niños enfermos tenían poco sustento o daban resultados contradictorios. Este programa puede ser calificado como política de salud « a priori », en el sentido filosófico del término, porque ha sido anterior a las experiencias realizadas para demostrar su interés y al mismo tiempo, independiente de éstas. Nuestra investigación estudia las condiciones y las lógicas de acción de esta política régional de salud en Bretaña, en el contexto de desarrollo de la genética. Muestra de qué manera los argumentos bio-médicos movili- zados (biológicos, epidemiológicos y médicos) han contribuido a legitimizar la DNM y se han difundido en amplios espacios. Muestra igualmente de qué manera estos argumentos han tenido resonancia, no sólamente en la acción del sector biomédico, sino mucho más allá, en el seno de una parte de la población bretona.
Le consentement à la recherche en épidémiologie génétique : le « rituel de confiance » en question
Authors: Ducournau Pascal 
Published: October 2010

El consentimiento a la investigatión en epidemiología genética : un « ritual de confîanza » en cuestión
El consentimiento informado aparece en la literatura sociológica existente como un « ritual de confianza » entre los profesionales de la investigación biomédica y sus participantes. El artículo amplía y enmienda este análisis gracias a los resultados de una encuesta cualitativa realizada durante la constitución de un banco de ADN creado con fines de estudios epidemiológicos. A partir del análisis de las interacciones entre médicos y « dadores de ADN » y de entrevistas semi-directivas con 35 sujetos, se ve que el trámite escrito y firmado del consentimiento no représenta necesariamente una garantía en cuanto al compromiso contraido. Su existencia puede hasta ser percibida por los participantes como un aumento de los riesgos y de las incertidumbres que se corren en el contexto de una investigación sobre el ADN. Por otra parte, el artículo subraya que la presencia de un trámite escrito puede estar en desfase con la gestión de la confianza en la que se situan los participantes. En conclusión, la evolución des las relaciones de confianza entre las instituciones de investigación médica y los « públicos profanos » es interrogada a través de las reacciones de los participantes frente a este trámite de consentimiento.
Petits arrangements avec la contrainte. Les professionnels de santé face à la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant du VIH à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Gobatto Isabelle , Lafaye Françoise 
Published: October 2010

Small arrangements with difficulties.
Health professionals in the context of the prevention
of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
In Ivory Coast, mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurs in a context where the health care Systems as well as the patient are of limited resources. In addition, these prevention activities imply the implementation of various protocols and in particular one seeking to change the mother's behaviour concerning feeding practices for the new-born. Women also highlight another «cultural» difficulty which is that of integrating their social, political, economical and religious reality with what the health care worker will propose. Also, health personnel implicated in the programme are going to undertake their work in a setting which needs a new organisation. This refers to a formalised patient flow which forces respect in regard to confidentiality. Health workers are then going to «invent» practises that are related with their life conditions, their own représentations and to the professional and personal opportunities that thèse actions offer them.
Refus des médecins, abandons des couples : quel contrôle pour la pratique de procréation assistée ?
Authors: Tain Laurence 
Published: October 2010

Doctor' refusal, couples giving up: how is the médical practice of in vitro fertilization controlled?
In a sélection/participation process like in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, on can differentiate, on one side, the users of thèse reproductive technologies and, on the other side, those deciding to give up the treatment or who are refused by the medical staff. This article is focused on that second aspect and two questions are tackled: who controls the medical practice of IVF? Is social equality respected during the selection process? This study will shed light on intermingled forms of social control: medical power goes with users' autonomy, both encompassed by gender rules. It will be shown that, whereas the socio-demographic characteristics of the users would allow to assume an equal access to IVF, the selection process turns out to highly contribute to the production of social inequality.
Femmes, cultures maraîchères et recours aux soins en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Fromageot Audrey , Parent Florence , Coppieters Yves 
Published: October 2010

Mujeres, cultivo de hortalizas y recurso a los tratamientos médicos en el Africa occidental
Desde los años 80 las mujeres están en el centro de los proyectos de desarrollo rural en Africa subsahariana. A menudo aparecen como mayoritarias entre los protagonistas de lo que los Documentos Estratégicos de Reducción de la Pobreza definen de manera lacónica con la sigla AGR (Actividades Generadoras de Recursos). Este reconocimiento va de par con el de su función de encargarse de las necesidades de salud domésticas. Sin embargo, las mujeres también son mencionadas por su baja frecuentación de los centros de atención de salud primaria. Aún más que los hombres, recurren primero a los servicios de salud familiares o informales. Si se tiene en cuenta su mayor autonomía financiera lograda gracias a sus actividades, parece poco convincente la explicación que atribuye la baja frecuentación femenina de los centros de salud a meras razones de costo. El estudio de las tareas de horticultura de las mujeres de la etnia senufo en la frontera de la Costa de Marfíl y Burkina Faso se interroga sobre la función desempeñada por ellas en los modos de atención sanitaria de las familias y sobre todo de los niños, como también sobre las consecuencias que tiene este modo sobre los itinerarios terapéuticos y en las modalidades del recurso a los tratamientos médicos.
Multiple Onychopapillomas and BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome
Authors: Lebensohn Alexandra , Ghafoor Azam , Bloomquist Luke , Royer Michael C. , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Karacki Kelli , Hathaway Olanda , Maglo Tenin , Wagner Cathy , Agra Maria G. , Blakely Andrew M. , Schrump David S. , Hassan Raffit , Cowen Edward W. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceBRCA1-associated protein (BAP1) tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS) is a cancer genodermatosis associated with high risk of uveal and cutaneous melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and multiple internal malignant neoplasms, including mesothelioma and renal cell carcinoma. Early detection of the syndrome is important for cancer surveillance and genetic counseling of family members who are at risk.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of nail abnormalities in individuals with pathogenic germline variants in BAP1.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prospective cohort study, individuals who were known carriers of pathogenic BAP1 germline variants were consecutively enrolled between October 10, 2023, and March 15, 2024. Dermatologic evaluation for nail abnormalities was performed, including a history of nail abnormalities and associated symptoms, physical examination, medical photography, and nail biopsy for histopathology. This was a single-center study conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were the prevalence and spectrum of nail changes and histopathologic characterization.ResultsAmong 47 participants (30 female [63.8%]; mean [SD] age, 46.4 [15.1] years) ranging in age from 13 to 72 years from 35 families, nail abnormalities were detected in 41 patients (87.2%) and included leukonychia, splinter hemorrhage, onychoschizia, and distal nail hyperkeratosis. Clinical findings consistent with onychopapilloma were detected in 39 patients (83.0%), including 35 of 40 individuals aged 30 years or older (87.5%). Nail bed biopsy was performed in 5 patients and was consistent with onychopapilloma. Polydactylous involvement with onychopapillomas was detected in nearly all patients who had nail involvement (38 of 39 patients [97.4%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that BAP1 TPDS was associated with a high rate of nail abnormalities consistent with onychopapillomas in adult carriers of the disease. Findings suggest that this novel cutaneous sign may facilitate detection of the syndrome in family members who are at risk and patients with cancers associated with BAP1 given that multiple onychopapillomas are uncommon in the general population and may be a distinct clue to the presence of a pathogenic germline variant in the BAP1 gene.