bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE AGE OF FEMALE EUROPEAN CORN BORER MOTHS, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN THE FIELD AND TESTS OF ITS USE IN FORECASTING DAMAGE TO GREEN PEPPERS
Authors: Elliott W. M. , Richardson J. D. , Founk J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mean post-mating age of mated female moths of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), from light traps varied from 3.4 to 5.2 days during the June–September flight period at Harrow, Ontario, in a manner consistent with assignment of moths to 3 generations per year. At the beginning of the first generation the mean age was 3.66 days and rose to 5.21 before flights ceased. At the beginning of the second generation the mean age was 3.39 days and rose to 4.47 days. A third generation could be detected in early September by a significant drop in age and an increase in virgin females. The average age of mated females was negatively correlated with the proportion of virgin females in the same week (r = −0.648, P = 0.02), indicating that about 40% of the variance in age of mated females was associated with emergence of new recruits to the population. Females collected with a sweep net from their day time resting places in weeds were either the same age or older than those from the light trap. The mean age of moths from light traps was found to be not meaningful when it was tested as a factor in forecasting damage caused by their progeny in green peppers 3–5 weeks later.
ACCUMULATION OF MONOTERPENES AND ASSOCIATED VOLATILES FOLLOWING INOCULATION OF GRAND FIR WITH A FUNGUS TRANSMITTED BY THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Raffa Kenneth F. , Berryman Alan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe accumulation of monoterpenes during the defensive response by grand fir was quantified over a 28-day period. Monoterpene content increased exponentially with time and varied greatly among trees. Following analysis, sampled trees were observed for 4 years. Those trees which showed an extensive accumulation of monoterpenes in response to artificial inoculation with fungi transmitted by the fir engraver were less likely to be killed during this period than trees which exhibited low levels of secondary monoterpene accumulation. The extent of the defensive response was influenced by host age, disease, crown class, and artificial stress. Following inoculation with fungi transmitted by the fir engraver, the proportions of limonene, myrcene, and Δ-3-carene, present in the monoterpene fraction increased. In previously reported laboratory bioassays, each of these compounds has demonstrated higher toxic or repellent properties, or both, than have the other monoterpenes present in grand fir. Mechanical injury resulted in less pronounced reactions than did fungal inoculation. Necrotic lesion formation is accompanied by an increased concentration of short-chain hydrocarbons, followed by a decline to normal levels. Necrotic lesion formation and monoterpene synthesis represent at least two independent activities during the wound response.
EFFECTS OF PLEISTOPHORA SCHUBERGI (MICROSPORIDA) ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIODPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Wilson G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpores of the microsporidium Pleistophora schubergi were fed to second- and fifth-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana. A treatment of 2 × 108 spores applied to the surface of the host's diet resulted in 100% mortality to second- and 60% to fifth-instar larvae. Suceptibility of the host to the parasite decreased as the larvae became older. Other effects on host development were not significant at the dosages tested.
A PROCESS-ORIENTED MODEL OF SPRUCE BUDWORM PHENOLOGY (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Régnière Jacques 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper a process-oriented model of spruce budworm phenology is developed which produces simulations comparing favorably with observed phenological trends taken from literature. Major features of this model include: (1) non-linear descriptions of temperature-dependent development of larval instars and pupal stadium; (2) three sources of variability in development rates (intrinsic, sex-related, and microclimatic); and (3) generation of daily temperature cycles for four microhabitats from input min-max air temperature data.
PREPARATION OF INSECT CONTACT CHEMOSENSILLA FOR SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Dyer L. J. , Seabrook W. D. , Jaeger V. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA protease digestion technique for preparing insect chemosensilla for observation at high magnifications under the Scanning Electron Microscope is described. Treatment with protease for 30 min or more followed by sonication removes material normally obscuring pores and surface grooves. This allows surface details and terminal valves to be seen under the SEM. The chemoreceptive hairs of insects can now be rapidly classified as having primarily a contact or olfactory function based on the presence or absence of visible terminal openings on some of the sensilla. Trypsin treatment was less useful, and neuraminidase had little effect. These results indicate that the material extruded onto the surface of the sensillum is proteinaceous.
EFFECTS OF STARVATION AND AGE ON FORAGING EFFICIENCY AND SPEED OF CONSUMPTION BY LARVAE OF A FLOWER FLY, METASYRPHUS COROLLAE (SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Leir V. , Barlow C.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStarved M. corollae Fab. larvae captured prey more quickly than unstarved larvae and older larvae, except those approaching pupation, sooner than younger larvae. Generally, older larvae also consumed prey more quickly but starvation increased prey handling time because starved larvae extracted 43% more, on average, from prey before discarding them. Significance of these findings for survival of M. corollae is discussed.
LARVAE OF WATER MITES OF THE GENERA OF THE SUPERFAMILY LEBERTIOIDEA (PROSTIGMATA: PARASITENGONA) IN NORTH AMERICA WITH COMMENTS ON PHYLOGENY AND HIGHER CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUPERFAMILY
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae of species representing 12 of the 13 genera of the superfamily Lebertioidea from North America are described, including members of the genera Bandakiopsis, Utaxatax, Estelloxus, and Testudacarus for the first time. Larvae of species of Sperchon, Sperchonopsis, Teutonia, Bandakia, Lebertia, Oxus, Frontipoda, and Torrenticola are also described to provide complete comparative data for the genera of the superfamily. A key to the families and genera of Lebertioidea, and preliminary diagnoses for the superfamily, families, and genera are provided based upon larval characters. Information on host associations is reviewed for each taxon. Observations on morphology and host associations of these larvae provide the basis for an original, though provisional, outline of phylogeny of Lebertioidea, and a review of the higher classification of the superfamily.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF THURICIDE 16B® AND DIPEL 88® AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN BALSAM FIR STANDS
Authors: Morris O. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effectiveness of Thuricide 16B®, a water-based commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. torstaki (B.t.), Dipel 88®, an oil-based formulation, and the Dipel® vehicle (Dipel 88 without B.t.) were compared by aerial applications against the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) stands. The two B.t. products applied at similar dosage rates were similar in effectiveness and the Dipel vehicle was not toxic for budworm larvae at rates applied Comparisons of populations of parasites made between pre- and post-spray sampling periods and between treated and untreated plots indicated no direct effect of Dipel 88 on the rate of larval and pupal parasitism.
EFFECT OF LATITUDE ON THE CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD FOR DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Hegdekar B. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe critical photoperiod for diapause induction in pupae of Mamestra configurata Walker in Manitoba was 16 h 06 min at Glenlea (49°38′ N), 16 h 20 min at Grandview (51°10′ N), and 16 h 42 min at Birch River (52°24′ N). The differences in cirtical photoperiods observed at Glenlea and Grandview were not significant. At least two different photoperiods exist, one in the Glenlea and Grandview areas and the other in the Birch River area. In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod was 13.5 h when larvae were exposed to a daily fluctuating temperature regime of 12 h at 25 °C and 12 h at 10 °C. Longer critical photoperiods found for the field populations may be related to the relatively low ambient temperatures to which the larvae were exposed in field cages.
THRESHOLD TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL CONSTANT FOR EGG DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA LONGICORNIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Dominique C. R. , Yule W. N. 
Published: December 2009

The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), is a recent pest of corn in southern Québec (Guibord 1976). Little is known of local quantitative temperature relationships, although such information could have important practical applications in developing a pest management program.The object of this study was to determine the threshold temperature and thermal constant for egg development and eclosion, and to relate soil and air temperatures to the phenology of egg hatch in the field under Qutbec corn-growing conditions.
SEX RATIOS OF THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Campbell Robert W. , Torgersen Torolf R. , Hosman Kevin P. , Srivastava Nilima 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis, were sampled in western Montana, central Idaho, and eastern Oregon. In 22 of 24 populations, the proportion of females among pupae did not differ from 0.5. Similarly, in 21 of 24 populations, the proportion of females among adults was not different from 0.5. In all populations, differences between survival rates of male and female pupae were attributed to chance. The proportion of females among pupae (a) did not differ between insects on Douglas-fir and those on grand fir, (b) was slightly but significantly higher among insects in the mid-crown than among those in the lower crown, and (c) was significantly higher among the insects in the one site studied where average defoliation of current-year shoots was greater than 50%. Variation in the proportion of females among adults should have a negligible effect on the dynamics of these populations.
REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF TRICHACIS FOERSTER (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA: PLATYGASTRIDAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Nearctic species of the genus Trichacis are revised. Nine out of 15 species recognized are new to science: T. alticola (New Mexico, Colorado), T. bison (Ontario, Florida, Louisiana, Illinois, Texas), T. celticola (Mississippi, Ontario, Louisiana, Texas), T. dracula (Illinois), T. elongata (Missouri), T. huberi (California), T. mandibulata (Illinois), T. pyramidalis (Ontario), and T. striata (Florida). Six previously described Nearctic species are redescribed, viz. T. arizonensis (Ashmead), T. cornicola (Ashmead), T. cornuta Fouts, T. rufipes Ashmead, T. texana Fouts, and T. virginiensis Ashmead. The males of T. arizonensis, T. texana, and T. virginiensis are described for the first time. A generic diagnosis of Trichacis and keys to Nearctic species are given. The higher classification, bionomics, world distribution, and character states of Trichacis species are discussed.
OLESICAMPE GENICULATAE, A NEW PALAEARCTIC ICHNEUMONID PARASITE OF PRISTIPHORA GENICULATA (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F. W. , Lim K. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOlesicampe geniculatae n. sp., a host-specific palaearctic parasite of the mountain ash sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata Htg., is described and illustrated, together with distinctive features of the immature stages.
A GEOGRAPHICAL CLINE IN EGG WEIGHTS IN CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN POPULATION DYNAMICS
Authors: Harvey G. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mean weights of the initial eggs (Ei) of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), vary within and between populations. Measurements of collections from across the range of this species reveal the presence of a cline directly related to latitude and longitude of the collection source. Collection mean Ei values range from 0.219 mg in the northwest to 0.157 mg in the southeast. A similar cline, also related to latitude but negative in slope, is demonstrated for the number of eggs per unit pupal weight. This cline also finds expression in changing slope of fecundity/pupal weight regressions. The cline in egg weight appears to be an adaptation to winter conditions across the range of this insect and should be considered in population dynamics.
THE CONVERGENCE OF HABITAT STRUCTURE IN TUNDRA COLLEMBOLAN COMMUNITIES (INSECTA: ORDER COLLEMBOLA)
Authors: Toda Masanori J. , Tanno Kouzou 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHabitat structure of two collembolan communities, one at Barrow, Alaska, U.S.A., the other at Tuktoyaktuk in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada, has been analyzed in relation to microtopographies characteristic of tundra regions. Multivariate statistical techniques, cluster analyses (UPGMA), and principal component analyses (PCA) reveal various ecological changes in component species. In spite of such local variations in component species, the two communities show similar patterns of habitat structure that are organized principally along a gradient of environmental moisture.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON FORMAMIDINE-INDUCED RELEASE OF NEUROSECRETION IN LOCUSTA MIGRATORIA (ORTHOPTERA: LOCUSTIDAE)
Authors: Singh Gur Jai Pal , Barker John F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe action of a formamidine pesticide on the ultrastructure of hormone release from the glandular lobe of the corpus cardiacum (CC) of the locust, Locusta migratoria (L.), has been studied. Treatment of the isolated CC with 5 μM desmethylchlordimeform (DCDM) caused depletion of neurosecretory material from the intrinsic cells of the glandular lobe without affecting the nervus corpus cardiacum II axons. Pretreatment of isolated CC with the α-aminergic antagonist (5 μM) phentolamine blocked DCDM-induced release of neurosecretory material from the glandular cells. DCDM-induced release of neurosecretion from the glandular cell axons occurred via exocytosis. DCDM treatment also affected the distribution of mitochondria. Mitochondria from adjacent cells lined up along the plasma membrane, forming pairs in juxtaposition.
PREDATOR AVOIDANCE POSTURING OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) FROM THE COLORADO ALPINE AND PLAINS
Authors: Kevan Peter G. , Cant John G. H. , Kevan D. Keith McE. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrey avoid predators in a wide variety of ways. Grasshoppers of the alpine habitat exhibit predator-avoidance posturing. Furthermore, they show sexual diethism (behavioural differences between sexes) in which the males of Aeropedellus clavatus (Thomas) and Melanoplus marshalli marshalli (Thomas) prance (hop without progression), tending to face the oncoming threat, more so than the females. The latter do not prance to the same extent and more frequently face away from the threat. On the plains, Melanoplus bivitattus (Say) and M. sanguinipes sanguinipes (Fabricius) tend to assume a sideways stance relative to the oncoming threat. Neither plains species exhibits sexual diethism in avoidance behaviour. Prancing occurs in the plains species but, in males, is less frequent than in alpine species. These different predator-avoidance behaviours are apparently related to the need for the grasshoppers to maintain surveillance of potential predators in habitats of different temperature regimes and density and height of cover.
FIELD EXPERIMENTS ON THE TOXICITY OF ACEPHATE FOR CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) ON RANGELAND
Authors: Foster R. Nelson , Reuter K. C. , Gourd J. M. , Enis P. J. , Wooldridge A. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractField tests were used to evaluate the efficacy of liquid acephate in aerial applications to control grasshoppers on rangeland. An antidrift additive applied with the treatment was also evaluated. A rate of 105 g AI/ha of acephate at volumes of 2337, 1899, and 1461 mL of mix/ha with the addition of Nalco-trol®resulted in control statistically as good as the standard malathion treatment of 653 g AI/ha. Two formulations of acephate applied at the rate of 105 g AI/ha in a volume of 2337 mL/ha were compared and resulted in statistically comparable mortalities; both formulations of acephate resulted in excellent control 10 days after treatment.
BIONOMICS AND PATTERN OF ATTACK OF THE RED PINE SHOOT MOTH, DIORYCTRIA RESINOSELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), IN WISCONSIN
Authors: Hainze J. H. , Benjamin D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe bionomics of the red pine shoot moth, Dioryctria resinosella Mutuura, a newly described species of shoot borer in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., were investigated in Wisconsin sand plains plantations. The appearance of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults are described. Head-capsule measurements indicated five larval instars. First-instar larvae overwintered in hibernacula. Shoot feeding was generally initiated by third-instar larvae in late May. Cones also were attacked. Pupation occurred in July. The flight period extended from mid-July to mid-September. The sex ratio was 0.53. Only red pine shoots and cones were attacked in a mixed pine stand. Infestation rates were highest along plantation edges, in the top half of the crown and in plantations greater than 20 years of age. Hyssopus rhyacioniae Gahan occurred most frequently among parasitoids reared from larvae and pupae.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF A NEW SPECIES OF UCHIDASTYGACARUS (s.s.) (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA) FROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, WITH COMMENTS ON DISTRIBUTION OF MITES OF THE GENUS
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdults of Uchidastygacarus (s.s.) acadiensis n. sp. are described from specimens collected from gravel and sand bars in streams in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. Comments on the distribution of mites of the genus are presented.
PHAGODETERRENCY INDUCED BY TWO CRUCIFEROUS PLANTS IN ADULTS OF THE FLEA BEETLE PHYLLOTRETA STRIOLATA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Meisner J. , Mitchell B. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe two cruciferous plants Thlaspi arvense and Lunaria annua are largely unacceptable to the striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata, which normally feeds on cruciferous plants. Results suggest that these plants contain chemical compounds that act as feeding deterrents to the beetles. Methanol fractions of the leaves of both plants deterred feeding when added to the surface of acceptable radish leaves. An alkaloid fraction of Lunaria annua was, surprisingly, not deterrent. Evidence suggests that saponins in both Lunaria annua and Thlaspi arvense may be a major reason for the low acceptability of these plants as food for Phyllotreta striolata. Commercial saponins are highly deterrent at concentrations of 0.05% and above.
PROGENY PRODUCTION BY TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) UTILIZING EGGS OF CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) AND SITOTROGA CEREALELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE)
Authors: Houseweart Mark W. , Jennings Daniel T. , Welty Celeste , Southard Susan G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMean daily progeny production by Trichogramma minutum (“Maine strain”) was 15.2 in Choristoneura fumiferana and 10.9 in Sitotroga cerealella eggs. Total progeny production was higher in S. cerealella, but not significantly different from that of C. fumiferana eggs. Significantly more eggs were deposited by T. minutum the first day than in subsequent days regardless of host. We found no significant relationship between progeny produced by females and the day of male death as previously reported. Ratio of females:males decreased significantly with increasing age and opposition activity of the mother. The oviposition period spanned 68% of the female's life span when S. cerealella eggs were available; whereas females spent significantly less time (60%) ovipositing in C. fumiferana eggs.
SYSTEMATICS OF THE TRICHADENOTECNUM ALEXANDERAE SPECIES COMPLEX (PSOCOPTERA: PSOCIDAE) BASED ON AN INVESTIGATION OF MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Betz B. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTrichadenotecnum alexanderae Sommerman is shown to represent one biparental (= euphrasic) species capable of facultative parthenogenesis (thelytoky) and three uniparental (= obligatorily parthenogenetic) sibling species, as determined by tests for mating, life history observations, and morphological analysis of specimens over the geographic range of the species complex. The name T. alexanderae is restricted to the biparental species because the holotype is a male. The three uniparental species are here named and described as T. castum n. sp., T. merum n. sp., and T. innuptum n. sp. The female of T. alexanderae is redescribed to allow its separation from the three uniparental species. A key to females of the species complex is supplied. All three uniparental species were derived from the biparental ancestor of T. alexanderae. Most collections of populations represented only by females consist of one or more uniparental species. Facultative parthenogenesis is shown to maintain a population of T. alexanderae through one generation only. The biparental species is found not to be restricted geographically to a relictual or peripheral range within the species complex, but to occupy a rather wide, north-temperate distribution across eastern North America.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF ACALYPTONOTUS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, WITH A NEW DIAGNOSIS OF THE GENUS BASED UPON LARVAE AND ADULTS, AND COMMENTS ON PHYLOGENY AND TAXONOMY OF ACALYPTONOTIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarvae, and male and female adults, of Acalyptonotus neoviolaceus n. sp., and male and female adults of A. pacificus n. sp., are described from western North America. A revised diagnosis of Acalyptonotus is proposed based upon larvae and adults, and the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of Acalyptonotidae are discussed.
EFFECT OF INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORS OF THE PEAR PSYLLA, PSYLLA PYRICOLA (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Hagley Elmer A. C. , Simpson C. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe predominant predator of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, in a pear orchard on the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario was the anthocorid, Anthocoris nemoralis (F.). Applications of permethrin (62.5 g a.i./ha) reduced numbers of the predator when applied at petal fall. Azinphosmethyl (336.4 g a.i./ha) applied at petal and at 1st cover did not affect A. nemoralis. Both insecticides reduced the numbers of the predatory mite, Balaustium putmani Smiley. Species of Hemiptera other than A. nemoralis, especially Miridae and Reduviidae, were reduced by permethrin applied at petal fall and by azinphosmethyl applied at 1st cover.