bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivation of a brief measure of agitation and aggression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dennehy Ellen B. , Kahle‐Wrobleski Kristin , Sarsour Khaled , Milton Denái R. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveNeuropsychiatric symptoms, including agitation and aggression (A/A), are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with increased disability, functional impairment, caregiver distress, and institutionalization. Previous psychometric work suggests that individual items of agitation, irritability, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) may be a valid measure of A/A in AD. We provide additional confirmation of this subscale, as well as preliminary validation of it as a measure of A/A (the NPI‐4‐A/A).MethodsThe sample included 641 individuals identified from the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry and assessed to be at a nursing home level of care. Demographic and medical data were extracted from the Registry, and phone interviews were conducted with caregivers to collect additional information not included in the Registry. The primary statistical analysis was confirmatory factor analysis of the NPI‐12 factor structure.ResultsThe standardized root mean residual and root mean square error of approximation (90% CI) values of 0.060 and 0.043 (0.030, 0.057), respectively suggest adequate model fit of the data, whereas the Tucker–Lewis index estimate of 0.779 is below the criteria for adequate model fit. All but two normalized residuals (NR) suggested adequate model fit of the data (|NR| < 2.58). NPI‐4‐A/A scores were higher in patients residing in nursing homes and were correlated with caregiver burden.ConclusionsThe NPI‐4‐A/A is proposed as a measure of A/A in AD. The utility and validity of this measure should be explored further. Improved measurement and focus on subgroups of neuropsychiatric symptoms should be integrated into interventions for AD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of large‐scale reservoir operation on flow regime in the Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand
Authors: Tebakari Taichi , Yoshitani Junichi , Suvanpimol Pongthakorn 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Chao Phraya River basin, the largest basin in Thailand, is located in the centre of the northern part of the country. This basin has two large‐scale reservoirs: the Bhumibol Reservoir on the Ping River and the Sirikit Reservoir on the Nan River. A comparison of the annual and monthly flow regimes downstream from the reservoirs before and after reservoir development showed a constant increase in low flow and a drastic decrease in high flow. The spectrum of the daily discharge was analysed using the fast Fourier transform on data collected in the area of Nakhon Sawan and immediately downstream from the Bhumibol Reservoir after the reservoir was constructed. The flow at Nakhon Sawan had a periodic characteristic of 7  days. The water released from the Bhumibol Reservoir at hydrological station P.12 also had a periodic characteristic of 7 days. Reservoir operations have a significant impact on the hydrological cycles. The effect of human activities is evident in the spectrum analysis of recorded historical discharge data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential Responses of Cortisol and Corticosterone to Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) in a Subterranean Rodent (Ctenomys talarum)
Authors: VERA FEDERICO , ZENUTO ROXANA RITA , ANTENUCCI CARLOS DANIEL 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe aimed to evaluate the responses of cortisol, corticosterone, and blood glucose to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in males and females of the subterranean rodentCtenomys talarumand addressed interannual variations in the plasma levels of both hormones. The most important results indicate that: (1) cortisol positively responds to theACTHsignal but corticosterone does not, even though corticosterone levels were higher than cortisol concentrations, (2) plasma corticosterone concentrations in free‐living animals were 20 times higher compared to values reported for the same population during previous annual periods and, as cortisol levels were similar, this resulted in much lower cortisol/corticosterone ratios, (3) cortisol and corticosterone differentiated in their relative proportions in plasma in free‐living males and females. These results indicate that cortisol and corticosterone are differentially regulated in our study species and emphasize that a remarkable temporal variation in the relative proportions of these hormones may occur in natural populations. Therefore, the conclusions regarding the presence of cortisol and corticosterone in plasma of wild animals may differ substantially depending on the moment when the study is conducted. Recent data indicate that cortisol and corticosterone are not interchangeable hormones in species of free‐living vertebrates. We suggest that, in addition to the classical roles of glucocorticoids (GCs), it is crucial that other physiological functions be kept in mind when interpretingGCdata from wild species.J. Exp. Zool. 317:173–184, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening of Upregulated Genes Induced by High Density in the Vetch Aphid Megoura crassicauda
Authors: ISHIKAWA ASANO , ISHIKAWA YUKI , OKADA YASUKAZU , MIYAZAKI SATOSHI , MIYAKAWA HITOSHI , KOSHIKAWA SHIGEYUKI , BRISSON JENNIFER A. , MIURA TORU 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAphids exhibit several polyphenisms in which discontinuous, alternative phenotypes are produced depending on environmental conditions. One representative example is the wing polyphenism, where winged and wingless females are produced through parthenogenesis. Previous work has shown that, in some aphid species, the density condition sensed by the mother aphid determines the developmental fate of embryos in her ovary, with high densities leading to winged progeny and low densities to wingless progeny. However, little is known about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the wing polyphenism. To identify genes involved in the wing‐morph determination in the vetch aphid, Megoura crassicauda, we compared maternal and embryonic transcripts between high‐ and low‐density conditions using differential display, followed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Under the high‐density condition, two genes (Uba1 and Naca) were found to be upregulated in maternal tissues without ovaries, while one gene (ClpP) was upregulated in ovaries containing embryos. Uba1 and Naca encode factors that function in protein modification or transcriptional/translational regulation, respectively. In addition to differential display, candidate gene approaches focusing on morphogenetic and endocrine genes, i.e., wg, dpp, ap, hh, InR, IRS, Foxo, EcR, and USP, were also carried out. We found that wg was upregulated in maternal tissues under the high‐density condition. The identified genes from both approaches are candidates for further study of their involvement in the transduction of density signals in mother aphids and/or the initial process of wing differentiation in embryos. J. Exp. Zool. 317:194–203, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on cancer tumor node‐staging system in patients with colorectal carcinoma in comparison with sixth classification
Authors: Park Jun Seok , Choi Gyu‐Seog , Hasegawa Suguru , Sakai Yoshiharu , Huh Jung Wook , Kim Hyeong Rok , Kwak Sang Gyu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare survival rates assessed by the seventh‐staging system with those by the sixth classification.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 3,377 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal adenocarcinoma from three university hospitals. The overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rates were compared between patients whose stages according to the seventh‐staging system remained the same and patients whose stages migrated, and between subgroups within each new stage (homogeneity analysis).ResultsIn seventh edition, the 5‐year OS and CSS rates of patients with T3n2 tumor were significantly greater in the downstaged patients (T3N2a) than in other patients (T3N2b) (OS, P = 0.010; CSS, P = 0.009). The 5‐year survival rates for patients with T4a and T4b sub‐classifications according to the seventh edition did not differ from those in patients with T4N0‐1. Homogeneity analysis of subgroups classified using the new system showed that some subgroups of stage IIIB (T3N2a/T4aN1) had poorer survival rates compared with patients in other sub‐categories in the same stage IIIB (P < 0.001).ConclusionOverall, the seventh edition provides a more detailed classification of the prognosis than the old system. However, further study would be warranted to evaluate the validity of sub‐classification in seventh TNM‐staging system, especially for T4a‐b and T3N2a tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:674–679. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EBV infection and mismatch repair deficiency mediated by loss of hMLH1 expression contribute independently to the development of multiple synchronous gastric carcinomas
Authors: Park Ha Young , Kang So Young , Kang Gu Hyun , Bae Go Eun , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Kyoung‐Mee , Park Cheol Keun , Choi Min Gew , Noh Jae Hyung , Sohn Tae Sung , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the possible association between EBV, microsatellite instability (MSI), and alterations of hMLH1 protein, 282 tumors from 141 patients with multiple synchronous gastric carcinomas (MSGC) were studied.MethodsIn situ hybridization for EBV‐encoded small RNA and hMLH1 immunohistochemistry were performed in tissue microarrays. In 19 MSGC cases with altered hMLH1 expression, methylation analyses by MethyLight and MSI tests were performed.ResultsLoss of hMLH1 was found in 19 of 141 MSGC patients (13.5%) and 26 of 282 MSGC tumors (9.2%). hMLH1 loss was associated with differentiated histology (P = 0.03). Out of the 38 tumors from 19 hMLH1‐negative MSGCs, 12 tumors from six cases (31.6%) showed concurrent methylation of hMLH1 and MSI‐high in both multiple tumors. EBV was found in 31 of 141 MSGC patients (21.9%) and 49 of 282 MSGC tumors (17.4%) and was significantly associated with undifferentiated histology and a location within the upper third of the stomach (P < 0.002). EBV was not observed in any of the tumors that had a loss of hMLH1 expression.ConclusionsConsidering that EBV‐associated GCs show global CpG island methylation, our findings suggest that EBV infection allows the gastric mucosa to escape from aberrant methylation of hMLH1 and induces a malignant pathway independent of MSI. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:777–782. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pro‐Poor Tourism in a First World Urban Setting: Case Study of Glasgow Govan
Authors: Butler Richard , Curran Ross , O'Gorman Kevin D. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis research investigates pro‐poor tourism (PPT), which has only been considered in a third world context, in a first world country, determining whether PPT principles are being used to alleviate poverty in a developed location, Glasgow Govan, in Scotland. The research develops and applies a new PPT principles tool to regeneration projects in the area and reveals a significant level of PPT application there. The findings suggest that PPT can be an over‐complication of a common sense development approach that any responsible government should promote. The results also question the validity of community based tourism initiatives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age and abdominal wall strength: Assessing the aging abdominal wall after autologous breast reconstruction
Authors: Nelson Jonas A. , Fosnot Joshua , Selber Jesse C. , Wu Liza C. , Serletti Joseph M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAutologous breast reconstruction is safe in advanced age, yet no study has examined its effects on the aging abdomen. We, therefore, studied 145 women who participated in a prospective study of abdominal strength following abdominal free flap breast reconstruction, comparing preoperative and late follow‐up scores in patients ≥60 years old (11 unilateral, 13 bilateral) compared with patients <60 (58 unilateral, 63 bilateral). Simple in‐office tests were utilized to test abdominal strength. No differences were noted in unilateral absolute scores at either time point, however, a decrease in upper abdominal strength was noted in the younger cohort over time (P = 0.01). Bilateral analyses revealed absolute score decreases in upper abdominal strength for both cohorts but no major differences between the two. We conclude that autologous breast reconstruction with abdominal tissue in older patients result in little to no difference in abdominal function as compared with younger patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Numerical methods for a coupled system of differential equations arising from a thermal ignition problem
Authors: Pao C.V. , Chang Yu‐Hsien , Jau Guo‐Chin 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article is concerned with monotone iterative methods for numerical solutions of a coupled system of a first‐order partial differential equation and an ordinary differential equation which arises from fast‐igniting catalytic converters in automobile engineering. The monotone iterative scheme yields a straightforward marching process for the corresponding discrete system by the finite‐difference method, and it gives not only a computational algorithm for numerical solutions of the problem but also the existence and uniqueness of a finite‐difference solution. Particular attention is given to the “finite‐time” blow‐up property of the solution. In terms of minimal sequence of the monotone iterations, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the blow‐up solution are obtained. Also given is the convergence of the finite‐difference solution to the continuous solution as the mesh size tends to zero. Numerical results of the problem, including a case where the continuous solution is explicitly known, are presented and are compared with the known solution. Special attention is devoted to the computation of the blow‐up time and the critical value of a physical parameter which determines the global existence and the blow‐up property of the solution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
Maxillary dental arch biometry: assessment with fetal MR imaging
Authors: Mailath‐Pokorny Mariella , Klein Katharina , Worda Christof , Weber Michael , Brugger Peter C. , Czerny Christian , Nemec Ursula , Prayer Daniela 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define normal growth of the fetal maxillary dental arch using magnetic resonance imaging.MethodFour hundred twenty‐four consecutive fetuses (18 to 37 weeks) with a morphologically normal anatomy or only minor malformations, not affecting bone growth and face anatomy were included. On axial T2‐weighted images the dental arch length and width were measured. The measurements were correlated with gestational age and the biparietal diameter (BPD) of the fetal head using correlation and regression analysis.ResultsA linear growth relationship was observed between the dental arch length and gestational age (r = 0.86; p = <0.0001; y = −1.85 + 0.75 × gestational age) and the dental arch width and gestational age (r = 0.92; p = <0.0001; y = −2.19 + 1.05 × gestational age). A significant correlation was found between the dental arch length and the BPD (r = 0.903; p = <0.0001) and the dental arch width and the BPD (r = 0.927; p = <0.0001). The interobserver variability showed good agreement for the dental arch length (intraclass coefficient 0.981; r = 0.963) and width (intraclass coefficient 0.987; r = 0.974), respectively.ConclusionWe present a nomogram for the in utero assessment of the fetal dental arch. These data may help in the early detection of abnormal dental arch development. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of MDM2, p16, and p53 staining levels as biomarkers of biochemical recurrence following salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Heckman Michael G. , Parker Alexander S. , Wu Kevin J. , Hilton Tracy W. , Ko Stephen J. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Schild Steven E. , Khor Li Yan , Hammond Elizabeth H. , Pollack Alan , Buskirk Steven J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe selection of appropriate candidates for salvage radiation therapy (SRT) to address a rising PSA following radical prostatectomy remains challenging. Herein, we provide the first evaluation of the ability of staining levels of the tumor based biomarkers MDM2, p16, and p53 to aid in prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) among men undergoing SRT for recurrent prostate cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODSWe identified 152 patients who were treated with SRT between July 1987 and July 2003. Staining levels of MDM2, p16, and p53 in primary tumor samples removed during prostatectomy were detected using monoclonal antibodies and quantified by use of a computer‐assisted method. Associations of staining levels with BCR were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models; relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.RESULTSCompared to patients with low staining (≤median) as measured by percentage of cells with nuclear staining, there was no significant difference in risk of BCR for patients with high MDM2 staining (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.57–1.45, P = 0.67), high p16 staining (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.54–1.44, P = 0.62), or high p53 staining (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 0.84–2.11, P = 0.23) in multivariable analysis. These results were consistent when considering alternate percentile cutpoints and alternate quantifications of biomarker staining.CONCLUSIONSOur results provide evidence that MDM2, p16, and p53 staining levels are not useful in the prediction of BCR after SRT. As such, these biomarkers are of little clinical use in the selection of appropriate candidates for SRT. Prostate 72:1757–1766, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A high‐fat diet enhances proliferation of prostate cancer cells and activates MCP‐1/CCR2 signaling
Authors: Huang Mingguo , Narita Shintaro , Numakura Kazuyuki , Tsuruta Hiroshi , Saito Mitsuru , Inoue Takamitsu , Horikawa Yohei , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary patterns including high‐fat diet (HFD) and high‐carbohydrate diet (HCD) play an important role in prostate cancer progression. However, which of these diets have the greatest effect on tumor progression and its underlying mechanisms remains unclear.METHODSWe investigated the effects of different diets on prostate cancer cell growth and the relevant circulating factors including serum insulin, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines using the in vivo and ex vivo model.RESULTSThe tumor growth of prostate cancer LNCaP xenograft was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the HCD and control diet (CD) groups (P = 0.01; HFD vs. HCD, P = 0.025; HFD vs. CD, P = 0.003). The mean level of the serum monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in the HFD group was significantly higher than that in the HCD and CD groups (P = 0.024; HFD vs. HCD, P = 0.033; HFD vs. CD, P = 0.001). The mRNA levels of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which is an MCP‐1 receptor, and the expression of activated Akt were the highest in the HFD group. Furthermore, serum from HFD‐fed mice enhanced the proliferation of two PCa cells and CCR2 knockdown inhibited HFD‐induced proliferation of LNCaP cells.CONCLUSIONSAn HFD enhanced prostate cancer cell growth more strongly than an HCD or CD. MCP‐1/CCR2 signaling may be involved in an HFD‐induced prostate cancer progression. Prostate 72:1779–1788, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beneficial actions of melatonin in the management of viral infections: a new use for this “molecular handyman”?
Authors: Boga Jose Antonio , Coto‐Montes Ana , Rosales‐Corral Sergio A. , Tan Dun‐Xian , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYMelatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that has a variety of important functions. Numerous clinical trials have examined the therapeutic usefulness of melatonin in different fields of medicine. Clinical trials have shown that melatonin is efficient in preventing cell damage under acute (sepsis, asphyxia in newborns) and chronic states (metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, aging). The beneficial effects of melatonin can be explained by its properties as a potent antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme inducer, a regulator of apoptosis and a stimulator of immune functions. These effects support the use of melatonin in viral infections, which are often associated with inflammatory injury and increases in oxidative stress. In fact, melatonin has been used recently to treat several viral infections, which are summarized in this review. The role of melatonin in infections is also discussed herein. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐factor mutual authentication with key agreement in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Vaidya Binod , Makrakis Dimitrios , Mouftah Hussein 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are getting popular for their deployment in unattended environments, where a registered user can log in to the network and access data collected from the desired sensor. Because of limited resources and computation power in sensor nodes, an authentication protocol should be simple and efficient. M.L. Das proposed a two‐factor authentication scheme for WSNs. Because his scheme uses only one‐way hash function and XOR operation, it is well suited for resource‐constrained environments. Because of some flaws in Das's scheme, several improved schemes have been introduced. In this paper, we show that Das's scheme and its derivatives not only have security imperfections but also do not provide key agreement. To overcome their security shortcomings, we propose a novel user authentication scheme with key agreement for WSN. We furnish security analysis of the proposed protocol to show its robustness to various attacks as well as analyze its performance to determine its efficiency. We provide protocol analysis and verification of the proposed protocol. Compared with the existing schemes, it is more robust and offers better security. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What you see predicts what you get—lightweight agent‐based malware detection
Authors: Wang Wei , Murynets Ilona , Bickford Jeffrey , Wart Christopher Van , Xu Gang 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBecause of the always connected nature of mobile devices, as well as the unique interfaces they expose, such as short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), and Bluetooth, classes of mobile malware tend to propagate using means unseen in the desktop world. In this paper, we propose a lightweight malware detection system on mobile devices to detect, analyze, and predict malware propagating via SMS and MMS messages. We deploy agents in the form of hidden contacts on the device to capture messages sent from malicious applications. Once captured, messages can be further analyzed to identify a message signature as well as potentially a signature for the malicious application itself. By feeding the observed messages over time to a latent space model, the system can estimate the current dynamics and predict the future state of malware propagation within the mobility network. One distinct feature of our system is that it is lightweight and suitable for wide deployment. The system shows a good performance even when only 10% of mobile devices are equipped with three agents on each device. Moreover, the model is generic and independent of malware propagation schemes. We prototype the system on the Android platform in a universal mobile telecommunications system laboratory network to demonstrate the feasibility of deploying agents on mobile devices as well as collecting and blocking malware‐carrying messages within the mobility network. We also show that the proposed latent space model estimates the state of malware propagation accurately, regardless of the propagation scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.