bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a safe community through the walk this way program: safe kids Philippines experience
Authors: Rolloque A C , Consunji R , Alcantara M M , Perez M T A , Rolloque J 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo lessen and create awareness on children and their families on road traffic injuries. Be safe and be empowered in developing interventions that will lessen road traffic injuries in their communities.MethodsSafe Kids Philippines developed a Walk This Way, a pedestrian safety program to teach safe behaviour to children, parents, motorists and create safer, more walkable communities. The organisation organised stakeholders meetings and involved people from the communities such as Barangay officials, government and non-government organisations. Side by side children attended classroom teachings on road safety conducted by volunteers. The Three Es were used such as Education, Engineering and Enforcement to empower the children and their families. Aside from that national events were conducted to reinforce the learnings of children on road safety.ResultsThe organization was able to organize people from local to the national level and involve them to road safety education. Children from 89 Public Elementary Schools started to teach their siblings and their families on road safety situation in the country. They became aware on road safety and practiced it. They put traffic enforcers where they are needed, put road signs and organised crosswalk paintings. But most of all the National Injury Prevention Program was organized.DiscussionIt can be concluded that road traffic injuries can be prevented; safe and equitable communities are possible if interventions are developed. The involvement of other stakeholders is a key component on the effectiveness of the program.
Driving behaviour, driver style and road traffic accidents among young medical group
Authors: Sabbour S M , Ibrahim J M 
Published: March 2011

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are increasingly being recognised as a growing public health problem. In Egypt, RTAs constitute 45% of all injury mortalities. The main objective of the study was to identify the driving style and driving behaviour of medical students and its association with car accident involvement. Driving style and behaviour of 450 medical students were reported using a self administered questionnaire. Driving style included: driving with excessive speed, deviance, calmness, planning and concentration, driving opposite direction, disregarding traffic lights and road signs (p<0.05). Driving behaviour included: driving before having license, mobile use during driving, violations, use of safety belt, participation in car races and driving under risky conditions. Involvements in car accidents were inquired in the questionnaire.ResultSixty-nine per cent of students reported having previous car accidents of which 63.5% were simple accidents with minimal car affection and no human injuries. Driving styles and behaviours that were significantly higher among males: excessive speed, driving before having license, disregarding road signs, driving opposite direction, non use of safety belt, answering a mobile call during driving, violations and drive under risky conditions. Significant factors associated with students' involvement in car accidents were as follows: answering mobile phone during driving, fast driving, disregarding road signs, involvement in car races, loud stereo music, drive under stress, severe fatigue, drive in bad visibility conditions, intake of alcohols and sedative drugs, sudden crossing of pedestrians, bad vehicle condition, previous violations and previous withdrawal of license.
Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of violence against children in Albania
Authors: Qirjako G , Burazeri G , Roshi E , Amursi E , Shabani Z 
Published: March 2011

AimOur aim was to assess the prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of violence against children in postcommunist Albania.MethodsA survey was conducted in 2008 including 388 children aged 14–18 years (184 girls and 204 boys) who were users of health services in four districts of Albania: Shkoder, Elbasan, Tirana and Vlora. A structured questionnaire was administrated including information on occurrence and type of experienced domestic violence (physical, psychological and emotional), as well as sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of children and their parents.ResultsForty-three per cent of the children included in the survey reported they suffered at least one type of domestic violence, mainly perpetrated by their mothers. Psychological abuse was significantly more prevalent than the other types of violence. Significant determinants of both physical abuse and psychological violence were mothers lower educational attainment, a low family income and fathers unemployment.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that, in Albania, the prevalence of violence against children is high, especially so for the psychological violence. Effective programs should be implemented in order to control and prevent all types of child abuse in transitional Albania.
Assessment of attitudes and practices about road safety among schoolchildren in Shkodra, north city of Albania
Authors: Qirjako G , Hysa E , Amursi E , Bozo M , Hasani V 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRoad traffic accidents in Albania are particularly problematic in the biggest districts, where the population has sharply increased in the past decade due to the intensive processes of internal migration. The schoolchildren remain the most vulnerable group.AimThe aim of the study was to estimate the level of attitudes and behaviours about road safety among schoolchildren in primary and secondary schools of Shkodra district.MethodsIn 2009, a cross-sectional study was conducted in four schools from urban, informal and rural areas of Shkodra district, included 102 schoolchildren (72 girls and 30 boys) from 11 to 15 years. A structured questionnaire was administrated including information about socio-demographic data, attitudes, practices, sources of information related to road safety, and employment of safety measures for road users.ResultsAmong 102 schoolchildren, 73% of them reported that school was the main source of information about road safety and 93% of them went to school by walk. However, only 4% and 29% of the schoolchildren reported the use of helmet and seat belt respectively. Conversely, there were no statistically significant differences in levels of attitudes and practices related to road safety with regard to schoolchildren's origin (rural vs urban areas) (p=0.32).ConclusionOur findings indicate a high rate of risky behaviours related to road safety among schoolchildren in Shkodra. Among other measures, immediate actions should be undertaken in order to enforce current legislation about mandatory use of seat belt and bicycle helmets.
Unintentional childhood injury burden, risks, and outcomes at the paediatric emergency unit in Kampala
Authors: Mutto M , Lawoko S , Nansamba C , Ovuga E , Svanström L 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUnintentional Childhood Injury burden, outcomes and risks are assessed in Kampala. Proportional incidence rates, percentages and injury odds are computed; risk trends are constructed. Five hundred and fifty-six childhood injuries were recorded between January and May 2008. Male: female ratio was 15:10. Parents transported most patients to hospital using mini-buses, private cars and motorcycles. Median injury location was 5km. Homes, roads, schools were lead locations. Play and daily living activities are commonest injury time activities. Falls, burns and traffic constitute 70.5% of injuries. Burns, open wounds, fractures are commonest. Motorcycles, buses and passenger cars caused most crashes. Play grounds, furniture, stairs and trees were commonest fall sources. Liquids, fires and hot objects cause most burn. 43.8% of cases were admitted. 30% were not disabled; 10%, disabled; 1%, fatal. Injury odds varied with age, place and cause. We failed to capture poisoning and drowning. Local paediatric injury priorities should include home, road and school safety.
The association of road safety knowledge, risk behaviour and road traffic injury among school-aged children in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Dong X , Peek-Asa C , Yang J , Wang S , Chen X , Chi G , Marizen R 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveResearch on road traffic injuries in China is growing, but little has focused on children. This study describes road traffic injuries among school-aged children in Guangzhou, China and examines the effect of road safety knowledge and risk behaviours on road traffic injuries.MethodsA stratified cluster sample of 3747 students from six primary schools and six middle schools were surveyed. Data were collected on sociodemographics and road traffic injuries during the past year. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of road traffic risk behaviour and road safety knowledge on road traffic injuries.ResultsA total of 403 (10.8%) students reported having at least one road traffic injury during the past year. Children who were boys, in primary school, and from the suburbs were associated with a high proportion of injuries. Bicycle related injuries were the most common (46.0% of all injuries), and motor vehicle related injuries had worst outcomes. Children with low and medium scores of road safety knowledge had 1.5–3 times the odds of injury compared to those with high scores. Students with high scores on the risky road behaviour index had twice the odds of injury (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.84) compared to students with low scores.ConclusionBetter road safety knowledge and safer walking or cycling behaviours are protective factors for road traffic injuries among Chinese school children. More injury prevention programs are needed to improve road safety knowledge and reduce risk behaviours.
Road love: a community project
Authors: de Hoyos G , Manoukian D , Ungaro J , Palero E 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionChos Malal is a town of about 17 000 inhabitants situated in Northern Patagonia. Recent fatal vehicle collisions and membership to the Healthy Municipalities, Cities and Communities Network set in motion a training process for members of the Traffic Advisory Board and Health leaders, which led to the creation of a community project: Road Love.ObjectiveTo describe the development of a participatory process to improve road safety in the community.Materials and MethodsBetween June and July 2008 consecutive workshops were carried out in four sectors of the town seeking awareness, community diagnosis and collective proposals. Conclusions were presented to the community in September.ResultsMany people participated. A risk map was obtained, vulnerable groups were identified, and actions were executed at all levels. The City Council passed several laws regarding traffic safety. Some leaders replicated workshops and teachers promoted school projects. Students started radio campaigns on road safety. People designed and distributed leaflets and messages. Improvements in infrastructure and signalling were carried out. The number of traffic injured people dropped 28 % in the first 8 months compared to the same period the previous year. No serious or fatal victims were recorded during this period. Following community's recommendations, a second project regarding traffic injuries surveillance is being executed.Discussion and ConclusionsLocal participatory diagnosis, networks reinforcement and advocacy from health sector are crucial to start cultural changes. Peoples commitment to support community values increase social capital and makes sustainability possible.
Effect of care in emergency room toward death within 48 h of traffic
Authors: Sithisarankul P , Suwaratchai P 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundTrauma is a major problem and secondary cause of death in Thailand. The goal of trauma care has been prevent death, special in early trauma death. The first activity in hospital care is emergency room care, which occur highest error in process of care. Detect death due to process of care in Trauma patients is complex. In Thailand, there is no study which define problem of process of care and death in trauma patients.ObjectivesStudy effect of process of trauma care in Emergency Room toward death after 48h of Traffic injury.Study DesignNested case control study. The sample consisted of 1981 traffic injury patients (491 case and 1490 control subjects) during 1 April 2005 to 31 December 2006, and were selected 100 subjects, 40 case and 60 control subjects. Results the processes of care in emergency room as risk factors toward patient death within 48 h were the assessment of shock (OR 5.93; 95% CI 1.13 to 31.14) and the recognition of presence or risk of abdominal injury (OR 3.58; 95% CI 1.11 to 11.50). Risk factors in inpatient care were the assessment of shock (OR 7.60; 95% CI 1.47 to 32.49), the monitoring and treatment of shock (OR 4.40; 95% CI 1.03 to 18.73) and the surgical treatment of abdominal injury (OR 6.76; 95% CI 1.73 to 26.45).ConclusionsThese results suggest that trauma quality improvement should be in emergency room and ward. The important processes of care are assessment, monitoring and appropriate operation, especially in patients who have both head and abdominal injuries.
Prevalence of and risk factors associated with workplace violence: a cross-sectional study in 7026 health staff in South China
Authors: Chen Z , Peek-Asa C , Yang G 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo probe prevalence of and risk factors associated with workplace violence in hospitals so as to establish a theory basis for maintaining regular working order in hospitals and lawmaking against workplace violence.MethodA retrospective study about workplace violence in health staff from four different cities of South China was carried out, utilizing SPSS 17.0 for regressive and GEE analysis.ResultsAmong 7026 hospital staff investigated, 4075 have been subjected to workplace violence in the last 12 months preceding the survey, with a rate of 57.93%, accounting for 56.76% of psychological violence, 15.06% of physical violence and 6.67% of sexual violence, respectively. Victims differed in four cities, with rates varying from 28.68% to 66.20%. Staff who were most prone to violence in hospitals were those working at Emergency Departments, psychiatrists, doctors and nurses, long contract staff, male aged below 30. Persons who were apt to commit workplace violence were relatives of patients, aged below 40, especially male aged 31–40. Wards and day shift were the most likely location and time slot for violence.ConclusionPrevalence of workplace violence in hospitals in South China was quite high. Staff in Emergency Departments, psychiatrists, doctors and nurses, long contract staff and male aged below 30 should be put more emphasis on from workplace violence. Prevention and control of violence was a complex and systematic project, calling for collaboration from various sectors such as law enforcement, management, engineering, education and so forth.
Improve the major walk to school roads by mapping out the popular routes
Authors: Wang L , Cui M Y 
Published: March 2011

ProblemChild pedestrian activity accounts for 40% of the child-related road traffic accidents (RTA) in China. Over 70% primary school students walk to school every day, making many children a large target for RTA.Objectives(1) Improve the pedestrian safety by mapping major Walk-to-School roads (WTSR). (2) Collaborate with community resources to improve major WTSR.Method(1) Create a city planning map (CPM) with the area surrounding the respective school. (2) Design a childfriendly CPM; add road names and residential roads. (3) Assign homework to students to map their route and colour their WTSR. (4) Input all WTSR and find the major WTSR. (5) Evaluate major WTSR and collaborate with community resources for environmental improvement.Results(1) Five hundred primary students participated in the WTSR colouring; 467 coloured WTSR maps collected. (2) Two major WTSR were identified, with 80% of children taking these roads. (3) Five environmental improvements were completed through evaluation of the major WTSR, including removing the bins at corners, resetting the duration of the traffic light at road crossings, etc.Conclusion(1) The CPM of the community is available in most cities. (2) The CPM need to be designed into a child-friendly version and must include residential roads. (3) Assigning the WTSR as homework was accepted by students to point out the WTSR. (4) The major WTSR helped the community to synergise resources for environmental improvements round school zone. (5) This measure can be expanded to all the schools to recommend safe WTSR.
Outcome from emergency services for emergency injury by Advance Team, Emergency Medical Service, Khon Kaen Hospital
Authors: Piyawatchwela T 
Published: March 2011

An effective emergency medical service system (EMSS) which could save lives of those who got injured from accidents or critical illness requited an assessment and rapid and appropriate care for each individuals. Patients survival rate during the transportation from the scene to the hospital has also been considered as one of qualitative indexes for EMSS.ObjectiveTo evaluate an effectiveness of services for patients from accidents and in critical illness at the scene of the Advance team, EMS, Khon Kaen hospital during the year 2008.MethodsRetrospective study from EMS report, Khon Kaen hospital.SubjectsPatients from accidents or severely critical illness received service from EMS, Khon Kaen hospital at the scene during October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2008. Data were descriptively analysed as percentage.ResultsTotal subjects of 191 patients (122 males and 69 females) were categorised as 140 critically ill patients (73.30%) and 51 patients from accidents (26.70%). One hundred and thirty patients (72.77%) were treated in the Medical Unit, followed by patients with road accidents (38 patients; 19.89%). Numbers of patients initially evaluated as unconscious with GCS score 3 and those who required CPR at the scene and later brought to the hospital were 73 (38.22%) and 35 (18.32%), respectively. For patients who were brought to the hospital, 20 patients (57.14%) died at the emergency room while 15 patients (42.68%) survived. Average response times for patients from accidents and patients with other critical illnesses were 4.40 min and 6.54 min, respectively.ConclusionIt was found from this study that all related personnel must work precisely and quickly. These are considered important factors regarding and effective medical service to save patients lives.
Road traffic injuries in the Peoples Republic of China, 1951–2008
Authors: Zhang X , Xiang H , Chen Z , Jia J , Smith G A , Stallones L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) have become the leading cause of injury deaths in the P.R. China. We analysed the trends and characteristics of RTIs from 1951 to 2008.MethodsRoad traffic crash data from 1951 to 2008 were obtained from the Bureau of Traffic Management at the Ministry of Public Security. All fatal traffic crashes and non-fatal traffic crashes that result in medically treated injuries are required to be reported to the Bureau of Traffic Management using a standardised traffic crash data collection form.ResultsOver the past 5 decades, road traffic injuries have increased substantially in China. From 1951 to 2008, the total number of traffic crash events, traffic-related deaths and non-fatal traffic-related injuries increased by 86-fold, 125-fold and 92-fold, respectively. The traffic-related death rate increased substantially in the past 10 years and reached 5.56 per 100 000 population in 2008. Road traffic injuries in China disproportionally affect the following populations: persons 21–50 years of age, pedestrians and motorcyclists/bicyclists. RTIs among individuals older than 65 years also increased in recent years. Provinces in northern China have significantly higher traffic-related death rates than other areas of China.ConclusionRoad traffic injuries have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. Programs need to be developed to prevent injuries and fatalities caused by road traffic crashes.
Association of a few interventions by police with changes in traffic injuries in Iran
Authors: Naser-Movahedi A , Soori H , Movahedi M , Mehmandar M R , Ainy E , Hatamabadi H R , Azari M , Mahfuzpour S , Vafaee R , Massoudinejad M R 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThe efficacy of provisional driver licensing and mandatory seat belt use legislations on reducing traffic injuries and the intensity of injuries was investigated.MethodsData on traffic crashes and injuries from 1 year before till 2 years after the implementation of provisional driver licensing and mandatory seat belt use legislations were obtained from traffic police. Data of traffic injuries and mortalities from 1 year before till 2 year after the implementation of graduate driver licensing compared in those in early years of their driving experience. To evaluate the efficiency of mandatory seat belt use legislation the intensity of traffic injuries were compared.ResultsDrivers under 23 years of age consisted 22.8% of total crashes in the prior to the implementation of graduate driver licensing. This proportion reduced to 15.5% and 16.1% in the first and second year after implementation, respectively, in holders of provisional B1 type driver license. This approximately 7% reduction in total accident was statistical significant (p<0.001). Regarding the intensity of injuries after the implementation of the mandatory seat belt use, our findings showed that traffic mortalities consisted of 13.3% of all traffic accidents in the year prior to the implementation, while this proportion decreased to 9.9% and 11.5% in the first and second years after the implementation, respectively.ConclusionIt is suggested that both interventions were efficient in reduction of intensity of traffic injuries and provisional driver licensing was efficient in reducing the crude number of traffic injuries.
Situation of emergency in Thailand
Authors: Chantarasiri J , Nuntabut K 
Published: March 2011

Researchers used the literature review method and pilot study in a village in North Eastern region. The methods were field observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. The data were analysed by content analysis.The results from 136 researches are: (1) the most of researches were traffic accidents aimed to individual and group changing such as teenager group. The most helping was traffic accidents. (2) Government focused on emergency-related traffic accidents mostly. Most forms of public management base on the symptoms that are standardised to obtain emergency assistance from the recovery unit's life.The results from pilot study are: (1) the emergency case in community had more quantity than the hospitals data. (2) There were many emergency case occurrence for example: the emergence of a chronic disease, a common illness includes the elderly faint, high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and children injured by the accident etc. (3) Emergency management had been found such as aid of friendly folk, self-help, neighbourhood, volunteer, village headman and subdistrict administration organisation had some volunteer civil protection department to help alleviate which were helping people not only sick, but included issues in trouble as people's needs.The finding show that the definition of emergency in people viewpoint were different from medical viewpoint. Thus, it has to study about the community management process for emergency helping which accordant to the context environment, social and community culture. Finally, it will lead to the suggestion for community emergency system development both in local area and country further.