bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualität entscheidet über Performance
Authors: Gandert Etwina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie Rohstoffe in Batterien machen ein großen Teil der Kosten und der Leistungsfähigkeit einer Batterie aus. Die Qualitätskotrolle der Ausgangsprodukte wie auch der verarbeiteten Materialien im Prozess sowie auch von recycelten Batteriewerkstoffen trägt daher erheblich zur Kosteneffizienz der Batterieproduktion bei. Dr. Kerstin Dreblow und Sabrina Hakelberg geben im Interview mit CITplus einen überblick über die Möglichkeiten von Deutsche Metrohm Prozessanalytik, um die Batterieindustrie für mehr Effizienz und Performance zu unterstützen.
Alkalische Elektrolyse oder Anionenaustauschermembran
Authors: Wetterau Jörg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWasserstoff gilt als “Wundermittel” im Kampf gegen den Klimawandel. Speziell mit grünem Wasserstoff, der aus erneuerbaren Energien wie Solar oder Wind gewonnen wird, soll die energieintensive Industrie klimaneutral werden. Die Erzeugung von Wasserstoff etwa durch die Zerlegung von Wasser ist jedoch selbst energieintensiv. Für den Hochlauf der Wasserstoffproduktion sind die Energieeffizienz der Verfahren und die Skalierungsmöglichkeit im Anlagenbau entscheidende Wachstums‐ und Wettbewerbsfaktoren.
Intelligenz ins Feld holen
Authors: Gandert Etwina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDas Smart Meter Valve Focus‐1, entwickelt von Focus‐On, einem Joint‐Venture von Samson und Krohne, revolutioniert die Durchflussmessung und ‐regelung durch die Integration von Sensorik, Aktorik und Regelung in einem Gerät. Es verkürzt die Regeldauer, verbessert die Präzision und vereinfacht durch seine intelligente Automatisierung die Anlagensteuerung direkt im Feld. Mit seiner Fähigkeit, frühzeitig Unregelmäßigkeiten zu erkennen, optimiert es die Wartung und steigert die Effizienz kritischer Prozesse.
Numerical Simulation of the Transport of Gas Species in the PVT Growth of Single‐Crystal SiC
Authors: Xu Binjie , Han Xuefeng , Xu Suocheng , Yang Deren , Pi Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSingle‐crystal silicon carbide (SiC) is an important semiconductor material for the fabrication of power and radio frequency (RF) devices. The major technique for growing single‐crystal SiC is the so‐called physical vapor transport (PVT) method, in which not only the thermal field but also the fluid‐flow field and the distribution of gas species can be hardly measured directly. In this study, a multi‐component flow model is proposed that includes the inside and outside of a growth chamber and a joint between the seed crystal holder and crucible which allows exchanges of the gas species. The joint is simulated as a thin porous graphite sheet. The Hertz‐Knudsen equation is used to describe the sublimation and deposition. The convection and diffusion are described by the Navier–Stokes equations and mixture‐averaged diffusion model, in which the Stefan flow is taken into account. The numerical simulations are conducted by the finite element method (FEM) with a multi‐physics coupled model, which is able to predict the fluid flow field, species distribution field, crystal growth rate, and evolution of the molar concentration of dopant gas. Using this model, the effects of several experimental conditions on the transport of gas species and the growth rate of single‐crystal SiC are analyzed.
A five‐level single‐phase transformerless inverter with lesser component count for PV applications
Authors: Neti Sukhdev Singh , Singh Varsha , Anand Vishal 
Published: May 2024

SummaryA transformerless inverter with reactive power capability has gained popularity in grid‐tied photovoltaic applications. This brief report introduces a five‐level transformerless inverter structure based on a switched capacitor (SC), which requires seven switches as semiconductor elements, one capacitor, a small inductor element to limit the high inrush current, and an input DC source in the power circuit. Notably, fewer power components result in lower losses in the inverter system. In order to fulfill the reactive power capability and self‐balanced SCs, a level‐shifted pulse width modulation (LSPWM) scheme is adopted. A simple closed‐loop controller is used for the voltage‐balancing approach to maintain the voltage and grid‐connected operation of the presented five‐level inverter. SC functional operation, modulation method, and voltage self‐balancing are thoroughly explored. In‐depth comparisons are made between the proposed and five‐level state‐of‐the‐art MLIs for PV systems. Finally, the performance of the inverter is verified experimentally in the laboratory environment for a single‐phase 1 kW system. The voltage and current stress are analyzed. The experiment is carried out for the change in modulation index, input, and loading condition. The experimental results suggest the inverter's adequate performance with an efficiency of the inverter is 97.3%.
Research on the working principle and stability of CLC electric springs based on the impedance analysis method
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Chen Xinyuan , Huang Zhun , Zhou Mi , Zhao Chaohui 
Published: May 2024

SummaryElectric springs are an important tool for microgrids to resist fluctuations introduced by renewable energy. Ensuring the stability of the electric spring itself and the system is an important condition for effectively achieving voltage stabilization and resisting fluctuations. To solve the stability judgment problem of electric springs in weak current networks, a CLC‐Electric Spring (CLC‐ES) stability judgment method based on impedance analysis was studied. The article first establishes the CLC‐ES topology model and control strategy. Then, the stability criterion of CLC‐ES was derived, and the basic relationship between system phase margin (PM) and noncritical load resistance was explored. Finally, simulation and experiments show that the stability criteria and control method proposed in this paper are correct, confirming the feasibility of improving the system PM by increasing the noncritical load modulus.
Single‐cell and spatial alterations of neural cells and circuits in clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Wang William , Liu Xuanqi , Wang Diane Catherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons, circuits and regulators is being uncovered at a single‐cell level, from single‐cell gene expression to functional regulations. The classifications, architectonics and functional communications amongst neural cells and circuits within the brain can be clearly delineated using single‐cell multiomics and transomics. This Editorial highlights the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons and circuits as well as regulators, initiates the translation of neuronal diversity and spatial organisation at single‐cell levels into clinical considerations, and enables the discovery and development of new therapies for neurological diseases. It is predicted that single‐cell and spatial multiomics will be integrated with metabolomic profiles and corresponding gene epigenetic modifications. The interactions amongst DNAs, RNAs and proteins in a cell provide details of intracellular functional regulations and new opportunities for the translation of temporospatial diversity of neural cell subtypes/states into clinical practice. The application of single‐cell multiomics with four‐dimensional genome to the human pathological brain will lead us to a new milestone of the diagnosis and treatment.
Hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid attenuate atorvastatin‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction via inhibition of mitochondrial swelling and maintenance of mitochondrial function in pancreas isolated mitochondria
Authors: Salimi Ahmad , Khezri Saleh , Vahabzadeh Zoleikhah , Rajabi Paria , Samimi Rojin , Adhami Vahed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt has been reported that lipophilic statins such as atorvastatin can more readily penetrate into β‐cells and reach the mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, decrease in insulin release. Many studies have shown that natural products can protect mitochondrial dysfunction induced by drug in different tissue. We aimed to explore mitochondrial protection potency of hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid as natural compounds against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by atorvastatin in pancreas isolated mitochondria. Mitochondria were isolated form rat pancreas and directly treated with toxic concentration of atorvastatin (500 µM) in presence of various concentrations hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid (1, 10, and 100 µM) separately. Mitochondrial toxicity parameters such as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, succinate dehydrogenases (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, depletion of glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production were measured. Our findings demonstrated that atorvastatin directly induced mitochondrial toxicity at concentration of 500 μM and higher in pancreatic mitochondria. Except MDA, atorvastatin caused significantly reduction in SDH activity, mitochondrial swelling, ROS formation, depletion of GSH, and collapse of MMP. While, our data showed that all three protective compounds at low concentrations ameliorated atorvastatin‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction with the increase of SDH activity, improvement of mitochondrial swelling, MMP collapse and mitochondrial GSH, and reduction of ROS formation. We can conclude that hesperidin, vanillic acid, and sinapic acid can directly reverse the toxic of atorvastatin in rat pancreas isolated mitochondria, which may be beneficial for protection against diabetogenic‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β‐cells.
Small‐scale fire tests in the underwater tunnel section model with new sidewall smoke extraction
Authors: Yue Shunyu , Miao Ruifeng , Cheng Huihang , Zhong Maohua , Yang Xiujun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Shenzhen–Zhongshan Bridge is a 24‐km‐long bridge and tunnel system, including a 6.8‐km‐long super cross section subsea tunnel. To solve the smoke exhaust problem of a super large cross‐section subsea tunnel, the tunnel has a new smoke exhaust system that combines a horizontal smoke exhaust cross section at the top and sidewall smoke exhaust holes. In order to evaluate the potential fire hazards of this type of tunnel, a 1:30 tunnel model was established and 140 small‐scale experiments on underwater tunnel fires were conducted. By changing the fire power, fire location, and fan operation mode, different scenarios of submarine immersed tunnel fire were simulated and the related key parameters such as fire smoke diffusion behavior and smoke temperature distribution were studied. On this basis, the optimal smoke control strategy was proposed for different fire scenarios. The research results indicate that the new smoke exhaust system can fully utilize the smoke flow characteristics, significantly improve smoke exhaust efficiency, and increase available evacuation time, thus further enhancing the fire safety of super large cross‐section subsea tunnels.
Recent advances in transition metal electrocatalysts for effective nitrogen reduction reaction under ambient conditions
Authors: An Li , Zhang Zhaoyan , Liu Guohua , Liu Wenning , Fu Yajie , Qu Dan , Liu Yichang , Hu Pu , Sun Zaicheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs one of the world's largest chemical products, ammonia (NH3) plays a vital role in the industry, agricultural production, and national defense. In modern industry, NH3 is produced primarily through the high‐temperature high‐pressure Haber–Bosch process, which consumes large amounts of energy and releases large amounts of greenhouse gases. Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions has been widely considered among many nitrogen fixation methods, which can be produced using renewable energy. However, the main challenge is to achieve both high NH3 yield and Faraday efficiency, which is attributed to the strong N ≡ N bond and serious hydrogen evolution reaction. Based on the key problems, this review discussed the transition metal (TM) catalysts, including alloys, TM oxides, TM sulfides, TM carbides, and strategies for tuning the electronic structure, regulating the morphology, and bimetallic synergistic effect on improving the NRR performance. Moreover, this review also summarized the NH3 detection methods and the reliable control experimental parameters in the NRR process to obtain accurate experimental results. Finally, the challenges and future directions of TM catalysts for NRR are considered, emphasizing the available opportunities by following the giving principles.
Caught in the web: Exploring spider predation on bats in Europe
Authors: Ruiz‐Villar Héctor , Montauban Cecilia , Pino‐Blanco Ana , Tena Elena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intricate interplay between predators and prey has long fascinated ecologists, with bats and their diverse prey offering insight into co‐evolutionary dynamics. While bats have evolved sophisticated strategies for prey capture, they also face predation pressure. Among their predators, spiders stand out for their diversity of predatory tactics, ranging from hunting assaults and web ensnarement to the deployment of venom. Yet, bat predation records by spiders are mostly from tropical regions, and cases remain notably scarce in temperate regions. Here, we report four new incidences of bat predation and mortality by spiders and their webs in Europe. Our observations include detailed photograph and video documentation of the first record of a spider capturing and consuming a bat pup in Spain, as well as accounts of bats entangled in spider webs on a building and inside bat boxes in the United Kingdom. These findings shed light on understudied predator–prey dynamics, offering valuable insights into spider predation on bats in European ecosystems. Our study emphasises the importance of continued research to improve our understanding of ecological interactions between these elusive and primarily nocturnal taxa.
Residual tricuspid regurgitation after tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair: Insights into the EuroTR registry
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , von Stein Jennifer , Fortmeier Vera , Koell Benedikt , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Kassar Mohammad , Goebel Bjoern , Denti Paolo , Achouh Paul , Rassaf Tienush , Barreiro‐Perez Manuel , Boekstegers Peter , Rück Andreas , Doldi Philipp M. , Novotny Julia , Zdanyte Monika , Adamo Marianna , Vincent Flavien , Schlegel Philipp , von Bardeleben Ralph‐Stephan , Stocker Thomas J. , Weckbach Ludwig T. , Wild Mirjam G. , Brunner Stephanie , Toggweiler Stefan , Grapsa Julia , Patterson Tiffany , Thiele Holger , Kister Tobias , Konstandin Mathias H. , Van Belle Eric , Metra Marco , Geisler Tobias , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Luedike Peter , Karam Nicole , Maisano Francesco , Lauten Philipp , Praz Fabien , Kessler Mirjam , Kalbacher Daniel , Rudolph Volker , Iliadis Christos , Lurz Philipp , Hausleiter Jörg ,   on behalf of the EuroTR Investigators
Published: May 2024

AimsData on the prognostic impact of residual tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (T‐TEER) are scarce. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate 2‐year survival and symptomatic outcomes of patients in relation to residual TR after T‐TEER.Methods and resultsUsing the large European Registry of Transcatheter Repair for Tricuspid Regurgitation (EuroTR registry) we investigated the impact of residual TR on 2‐year all‐cause mortality and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class at follow‐up. The study further identified predictors for residual TR ≥3+ using a logistic regression model. The study included a total of 1286 T‐TEER patients (mean age 78.0 ± 8.9 years, 53.6% female). TR was successfully reduced to ≤1+ in 42.4%, 2+ in 40.0% and 3+ in 14.9% of patients at discharge, while 2.8% remained with TR ≥4+ after the procedure. Residual TR ≥3+ was an independent multivariable predictor of 2‐year all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.30–3.26, p = 0.002). The prevalence of residual TR ≥3+ was four times higher in patients with higher baseline TR (vena contracta >11.1 mm) and more severe tricuspid valve tenting (tenting area >1.92 cm2). Of note, no survival difference was observed in patients with residual TR ≤1+ versus 2+ (76.2% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.461). The rate of NYHA functional class ≥III at follow‐up was significantly higher in patients with residual TR ≥3+ (52.4% vs. 40.5%, p < 0.001). Of note, the degree of TR reduction significantly correlated with the extent of symptomatic improvement (p = 0.012).ConclusionsT‐TEER effectively reduced TR severity in the majority of patients. While residual TR ≥3+ was associated with worse outcomes, no differences were observed for residual TR 1+ versus 2+. Symptomatic improvement correlated with the degree of TR reduction.
Dynamics of potential‐induced structural changes at the Ag(111)/alkaline interface
Authors: Gründer Yvonne , Cocklin Elizabeth M. , Thompson Paul , Lucas Christopher A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of the structural changes in the electrochemical double layer at the interface between a Ag(111) electrode and 0.1 M KOH electrolyte have been probed using surface X‐ray diffraction measurements. The X‐ray measurements utilised a lock‐in amplifier technique to obtain a time resolution down to the millisecond scale. Two potential step regions were explored in an attempt to separate the dynamics of the reversible adsorption/desorption of hydroxide species (OHad) and the subsequent cation (K+) ordering in the double layer. By probing different positions in reciprocal space, sensitive to different structural changes, the time‐dependent response of the electrode surface was probed and time constants for the different associated processes were obtained.
When anthropomorphized brands push their gender boundaries
Authors: Yang Linyun W. , Aggarwal Pankaj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen anthropomorphized, brands are often imbued with gender. Consequently, when brands seen as female or male adopt marketplace behaviors that are incongruent with their gender, it can result in a perceived violation of expectations. We demonstrate that brands anthropomorphized as female versus male are stereotyped more strongly and draw lower fit perceptions when they engage in gender incongruent behaviors. We show that these asymmetric gender boundaries have implications for how consumers perceive and react to an anthropomorphized brand's marketplace behaviors, including the introduction of gender incongruent personality traits, product characteristics, and brand extensions. We find evidence for our proposed effect across both externally valid secondary data and internally valid experiments. In doing so, our work highlights how merely cuing female or male gender through anthropomorphism not only sets in motion a specific set of expectations from consumers, it also shapes the strength of these gender‐based expectations that place female brands at a disadvantage relative to male brands.
The relationship of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle with lower extremity biomechanics during walking
Authors: Gao Tianyu , Ma Zhengye , Yang Nan , Zhang Si , Shi Haitao , Zhang Hua , Ren Shuang , Huang Hongshi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeAbnormal lower limb movement patterns have been observed during walking in individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during the stance phase of walking with the lower extremity biomechanics at the corresponding moment and to determine a cutoff value of functional limited ankle dorsiflexion during walking.MethodsKinematic and kinetic data of 70 healthy participants were measured during walking. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to establish the association between peak ankle dorsiflexion and angle and moment of ankle, knee, and hip, ground reaction force, and pelvic movement at peak ankle dorsiflexion. All variables significantly related to peak ankle dorsiflexion were extracted as a common factor by factor analysis. Maximally selected Wilcoxon statistic was used to perform a cutoff value analysis.ResultsPeak ankle dorsiflexion positively correlated with ankle plantar flexion moment (r = 0.432; p = 0.001), ankle external rotation moment (r = 0.251; p = 0.036), hip extension angle (r = 0.281; p = 0.018), hip flexion moment (r = 0.341; p = 0.004), pelvic ipsilateral rotation angle (r = 0.284; p = 0.017), and medial, anterior, and vertical ground reaction force (r = 0.324; p = 0.006, r = 0.543; p = 0.001, r = 0.322; p = 0.007), negatively correlated with knee external rotation angle (r = −0.394; p = 0.001) and hip adduction angle (r = −0.256; p = 0.032). The cutoff baseline value for all 70 participants was 9.03°.ConclusionsThere is a correlation between the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and the lower extremity biomechanics during walking. If the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle is less than 9.03°, the lower limb movement pattern will change significantly.
Evaluating pelvic tilt using the pelvic antero‐posterior radiographs: A novel method
Authors: Chai Yuan , Boudali A. Mounir , Veltman Ewout S. , Farey John E. , Walter William L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPelvic tilt (PT) is an important parameter for orthopedic surgeries involving hip and spine, typically determined from sagittal pelvic radiographs. However, various challenges can compromise the feasibility of measurement from sagittal imaging, including obscured landmarks, anatomical variations, hardware interference, and limited medical resources. Addressing these challenges and with the aim of reducing radiation exposure to patients, our study developed a novel method to estimate PT from antero‐posterior (AP) radiographs, using vertical distances from the pelvic outlet and obturator foramen. We correlated these measurements with PT, defined both anatomically (anterior pelvic plane, PTa) and mechanically (centers of femoral heads and sacral plate, PTm). The study explored creating linear, exponential, and multivariate regression models based on twelve 3D CT‐derived pelvic models (six men, six women), simulating AP radiograph projections with controlled PTs. We then validated these models against 105 pairs of patient stereoradiographs. Statistical analysis revealed that combined exponential‐linear models yielded the most accurate results, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.75 for PTa and 0.77 for PTm, and mean absolute errors of 3.7° ± 2.6° for PTa and 4.5° ± 3.4° for PTm, showing excellent measurement reliability (all ICCs > 0.9) without significant gender discrepancies. In conclusion, this study presents a validated, simple, and accessible method for estimating PT using AP radiograph parameters, supported by the Supporting Information S1: Excel Tool, showing great potential for clinical application in hip and spine procedures.