bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence typing of adenovirus from samples from hematological stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Al Qurashi Yasir Mohammed A. , Guiver Malcolm , Cooper Robert J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAdenovirus infections are usually mild or even asymptomatic, but infections with the virus are being recognized increasingly as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the immunocompromised, particularly hematological stem cell transplant patients where infections can be life threatening and mortality may reach 60%. Typing by sequencing the HVR7 region of the hexon was established and validated using 60 isolates of different serotypes from the six of the seven species which had been typed previously by serum neutralization. Analysis of nucleotide sequences was used to type 227 samples from 41 hematological stem cell transplant recipients. Types from six species were detected but species C types were detected in 51.4% and species A in 34.3% of patients. Seven patients were infected with different adenovirus types sequentially and a further six patients had evidence of simultaneous multiple infections. Many of the sequences had several differences from the prototype strains which will allow tracing of outbreaks and provide evidence for cross‐infection in a hospital setting. In this study, the phylogenetic analysis of adenovirus sequences from hematological stem cell transplant patients' samples showed evidence of two possible cross‐infection incidents involving three and five patients, respectively. J. Med. Virol. 83:1951–1958, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The DINO trial – challenges for translation into clinical practice
Authors: Collins Carmel T. , Gibson Robert A. , Makrides Maria 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInfants born prematurely require higher amounts of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than can be supplied through current strategies. Increasing the DHA content of breast milk and formula while achievable may not be the most efficacious approach. A new approach is required that enables direct delivery to the infant enabling maximum dose to be achieved as early as possible.
Application of boundary layer wind‐profiling radar data to a Springtime Snowstorm Analysis in Urumqi
Authors: Minzhong Wang , Wenshou Wei , Qing He , Qing Yang , Yong Zhao , Hongjun Li , Wen Huo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Urumqi Institute of Desert Meteorology under the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) launched an observational experiment with a boundary layer wind‐profiling radar in Urumqi City in February to March 2010. As described in this paper, wind profiles from the experiment were used to first compare with radiosonde data measured simultaneously to verify the confidence of wind‐profiling radar data, which was used to analyse the wind field characteristics and other related issues in a snowstorm process that took place in Urumqi on 28 March 2010. Both wind direction and speed derived from wind‐profiling radar data have good consistency with those from radiosonde data (wind velocity coefficient: 0.85; wind direction coefficient: 0.78). Before the snowstorm, a surface wind shear occurred. After outbreak of the event, the local weather was dominated by northwesterly and northerly winds at increasing velocities, while temperature was dropping and air pressure increased. Through in‐depth analyses of the time‐height profiles of the snowstorm process, it can be determined on a preliminary basis that the snowstorm was induced by a cold front system that entered the area around 2200–2300 LST on 27 March. A shear line that developed from a lower to a higher altitude represented both height and location of the frontal zone, and the cold front motion was broadly in a northeast‐southwest direction. The wind direction in the process changed counterclockwise with height: this was mainly governed by cold advection, and baroclinic instability was established soon after the overpass of the cold front, eventually leading to the snowstorm. During the weather event, the equivalent reflectivity factor Ze was consistent with the onset and end of the snowstorm, the height at which rain (snow) particles were formed and snowfall intensity. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Rainfall statistics evaluation of ECMWF model and TRMM data over Bangladesh for flood related studies
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Singh Arya Dhyan , Goel Narendra Kumar , Mitra Ashis Kumar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuantitative precipitation estimates from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) modelling system and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) may be used for areas where rainfall data are not available or where the number of rainfall stations is inadequate. In this study, ECMWF 40 years re‐analysis (ERA40) and TRMM satellite estimated daily rainfall data have been analysed at three station locations, Dinajpur, Rangpur, and Sylhet, in the Bangladesh territories of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna basins, respectively. Statistical verifications (visual verification, yes/no dichotomous verification and continuous variables verification methods) have been applied to these data. Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) rainfall data are used as the reference data.The continuous variables verification methods show the better accuracy of the TRMM data. The probability of occurrence of TRMM rainfall is close to the BMD‐observed data. It implies that the TRMM data can be used for modelling of design flood in areas where observed rainfall data are not available. However, in the case of the TRMM rainfall data, the chances of missing a flood event are higher compared to the ECMWF data. Yes/no dichotomous verification methods show that ECMWF rainfall data are safe to use for flood‐forecasting‐related planning purposes because rain events are estimated better in ECMWF. The probability of occurrence of ECMWF rainfall shows that these data can also be used to estimate the design flood flow. Both ECMWF and TRMM rainfall data may be used where locally observed rainfall data are not available. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The filter design from data (FD2) problem: parametric‐statistical approach
Authors: Novara Carlo , Milanese Mario , Bitar Eilyan , Poolla Kameshwar 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYA large body of literature exists on the filter design problem, assuming that the system to be filtered is known. However, in most practical situations, the system is not known, but a set of measured data is available. In such situations, a two‐step procedure is typically adopted: a model is identified from this data set, and a filter is designed based on the identified model. In this paper, we consider an alternative approach, which uses the available data not for the identification of a model, but for the direct design of the filter. Such a direct design is investigated within a parametric‐statistical framework for both the cases of linear time‐invariant and nonlinear systems. The noise is assumed to be stochastic, and optimality refers to minimizing the estimation error variance. It is shown that the direct design has superior features with respect to the two‐step design, especially in the presence of modeling errors. Another relevant advantage of the direct design over the two‐step procedure is that minimum variance (Kalman) filters for nonlinear systems are, in general, difficult to derive and/or to implement. On the contrary, the direct approach allows for a very efficient filter design. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed direct design, two examples are presented: the first is related to estimation of the Lorentz chaotic attractor; the second, involving real data, is related to estimation of vehicle yaw rate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing sulforaphane absorption and excretion in healthy men through the combined consumption of fresh broccoli sprouts and a glucoraphanin-rich powder
Authors: Cramer Jenna M. , Teran-Garcia Margarita , Jeffery Elizabeth H. 
Published: September 2011

Sulforaphane (SF) is a chemopreventive isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from glucoraphanin (GRP) hydrolysis by myrosinase, a thioglucoside present in broccoli. The ability of broccoli powders sold as supplements to provide dietary SF is often of concern as many supplements contain GRP, but lack myrosinase. In a previous study, biomarkers of SF bioavailability from a powder rich in GRP, but lacking myrosinase, were enhanced by co-consumption of a myrosinase-containing air-dried broccoli sprout powder. Here, we studied the absorption of SF from the GRP-rich powder used in the previous study, but in combination with fresh broccoli sprouts, which are commercially available and more applicable to the human diet than air-dried sprout powder. A total of four participants each consumed four meals (separated by 1 week) consisting of dry cereal and yogurt with sprouts equivalent to 70 μmol SF, GRP powder equivalent to 120 μmol SF, both or neither. Metabolites of SF were analysed in blood and urine. The 24 h urinary SF-N-acetylcysteine recovery was 65, 60 and 24 % of the dose ingested from combination, broccoli sprout and GRP powder meals, respectively. In urine and plasma, ITC appearance was delayed following the GRP powder meal compared with the sprout and combination meals. Compared with the GRP powder or sprouts alone, combining broccoli sprouts with the GRP powder synergistically enhanced the early appearance of SF, offering insight into the combination of foods for improved health benefits of foods that reduce the risk for cancer.
Limits to sustainable fish catch: the case of marine fishery in Kerala
Authors: KAPURIA PREETI 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the interannual variation in fish biomass and to estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for the marine fisheries of Kerala, India. Although the productivity of a fishery is known to be dependent on species diversity, this relationship is not widely documented. This paper uses an extended Gordon–Schaefer model that is modified to incorporate species diversity to estimate the MSY levels of catch and the corresponding fishing effort. Species diversity is expressed as both biological and bioeconomic diversity using the Simpson index. The model reports that the actual fishing effort has exceeded the maximum level necessary to support sustainable yield, while the maximum level of catch for maintaining sustainable yield is not known. A comparison of fish landings and effort data across different fishing techniques indicates that there is a potential to decrease the current level of fishing effort without experiencing a significant decline in fish catch.
Quantification of Collagen Organization and Extracellular Matrix Factors within the Healing Ligament
Authors: Chamberlain Connie S. , Crowley Erin M. , Kobayashi Hirohito , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Vanderby Ray 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLigament healing of a grade III injury (i.e., a complete tear) involves a multifaceted chain of events that forms a neoligament, which is more scar-like in character than the native tissue. The remodeling process may last months or even years with the injured ligament never fully recovering pre-injury mechanical properties. With tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, understanding the normal healing process in ligament and quantifying it provide a basis to create and assess innovative treatments. Ligament fibroblasts produce a number of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagen types I and III, decorin and fibromodulin. Using a combination of advanced histology, molecular biology, and nonlinear optical imaging approaches, the early ECM events during ligament healing have been better characterized and defined. First, the dynamic changes in ECM factors after injury are shown. Second, the factors associated with creeping substitution are identified. Finally, a method to quantify collagen organization is developed and used. Each ECM factor described herein as well as the temporal quantification of fiber organization helps elucidate the complexity of ligament healing.
OP9‐DL1 cell co‐culture enhances anti‐tumour immunity of mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Feng Fan , Yang Jianjun , Tong Liping , Yuan Shifa , Tian Yangzi , Hong Liu , Wang Weizhong , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDCs (dendritic cells) are the strongest professional APCs (antigen‐presenting cells) to initiate immune responses against pathogens, but they are usually incompetent in initiating efficient immune responses in the progress of solid tumours. We have shown that Notch signalling plays a pivotal role in DC‐dependent anti‐tumour immunity. Compared with the control DCs, OP9‐DL1 (Delta‐like1) cell co‐cultured DCs gained increased tumour suppression activity when inoculated together with tumour cells. This was probably due to the activation of Notch signalling in DCs enhancing their ability to evoke anti‐tumour immune responses in solid tumours. Indeed, the OP9‐DL1 cell co‐cultured DCs expressed higher levels of MHC I, MHC II, CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4), CCR7 (CC chemokine receptor 7), IL‐6 (interleukin 6), IL‐12 and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α), and a lower level of IL‐10 than control DCs, resulting in more efficient DC migration and T‐cell activation in vivo and in vitro. T‐cells stimulated by OP9‐DL1 cells co‐cultured DCs more efficiently; and were cytotoxic against tumour cells, in contrast with control DCs. These results indicated that up‐regulation of Notch signalling in DCs by co‐culturing with OP9‐DL1 cells enhances DC‐dependent anti‐tumour immune reactions, making the Notch signalling pathway a target for the establishment of the DC‐based anti‐tumour immunotherapies.
Pre‐release diet effect on field survival and dispersal of Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Utgés M. E. , Vilardi J. C. , Oropeza A. , Toledo J. , Liedo P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effect of pre‐release diets on starvation resistance, field survival and dispersal of sterile Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua fruit flies was investigated. Protein‐enriched diets resulted in reduced longevity under laboratory and field conditions. Flies exposed to a combination of sugar and fresh mango fruit pulp showed greater longevity and field survival. Release–recapture experiments showed that this mango plus sugar diet resulted in the greatest trap capture and the longest life expectancy when compared with the other treatments. Per cent recapture ranged from 0.24% to 17.50%. More females than males were recaptured. Spatial distribution was not affected by diet treatment, sex or replicate, but was affected by environmental conditions, such as vegetation cover or shade in the case of A. ludens or prevalent winds in the case of A. obliqua. Our results confirm the trade‐offs between better mating performance and reduced survival produced by protein‐rich diets and suggest fresh mango fruits, their products or derivates as an alternative to be developed to overcome this problem for sterile insect technique programmes.
Results of repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after initial biliary cannulation failure following needle‐knife sphincterotomy
Authors: Kim Jaihwan , Ryu Ji Kon , Ahn Dong‐Won , Park Joo Kyung , Yoon Won Jae , Kim Yong‐Tae , Yoon Yong Bum 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  After failed biliary cannulation with needle knife sphincterotomy (NKS), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is sometimes repeatedly performed in clinically stable patients; however, there are few reports about the results. This study assessed the results of repeated ERCPs after failure with NKS.Methods:  After failed NKS, patients who underwent repeated ERCP for the same purpose within 3 days were retrospectively identified. Success was defined as deep placement of a catheter into the common bile duct.Results:  Sixty‐nine patients underwent a second ERCP procedure and, of those, six underwent a third ERCP. Of the 69 patients, cannulation was successful in 76.8% (53/69): 46 of 58 patients without additional NKS and 7 of 11 with additional NKS. Success increased to 79.7% (55/69) after the results of the third ERCP were included. Common causes of failed NKS were biliary deep cannulation failure (78.3%) and blocking of the endoscopic view due to bleeding (13.0%). There was a significant difference in success rates between the one day (65.7%) and the combined 2–3 day (88.2%) cases (P = 0.027). Except for the interval between ERCPs, there were no other factors associated with success rates. Complications occurred in 8, 11, and one patient after initial, second, and third ERCP and there was no difference of complication rates between each ERCPs.Conclusions:  In cases with biliary cannulation failure with NKS, it is more worthwhile repeating ERCP 2 or 3 days after such failure than one day after, if the patient's condition permits delay of procedure.
Validity of biomarkers predicting onset or progression of nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Hellemons M. E. , Kerschbaum J. , Bakker S. J. L. , Neuwirt H. , Mayer B. , Mayer G. , de Zeeuw D. , Lambers Heerspink H. J. , Rudnicki M. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 567–577 (2012)AbstractNovel biomarkers predicting onset or progression of nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes have been recently identified. We performed a systematic review to assess the validity of biomarkers predicting onset or progression of nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes in longitudinal studies. The methodological quality of the studies was scored using Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) criteria and the independent predictive value of the biomarkers beyond conventional risk factors was scored according to the adjustment for these risk factors. Validity of the biomarkers was determined by summarizing the methodological quality and the adjustment score. We identified 15 studies describing 27 biomarkers. Six studies had sufficient methodological quality. These studies identified 13 valid and significant markers for nephropathy in diabetes: serum interleukin 18, plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine; and urinary ceruloplasmin, immunoglobulin G and transferrin were considered valid markers predicting onset of nephropathy. Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, interleukin 6, von Willebrand factor and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 were considered valid biomarkers predicting progression of nephropathy. Plasma high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, E‐selectin, tissue‐type plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor and triglycerides were considered valid markers predicting onset and progression of nephropathy. Several novel biomarkers for prediction of nephropathy in diabetes have been published, which can potentially be applied in clinical practice and research in future. Because of the heterogeneous quality of biomarker studies in this field, a more rigorous evaluation of these biomarkers and validation in larger trials are advocated.
Taxes, tenders and the design of Australian off‐market share repurchases
Authors: Brown Christine , Davis Kevin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn designing off‐market (self‐tender offer) share repurchases, Australian companies must consider the resulting potential tax benefits for different investor groups with consequent effects upon the supply of stock tendered by holders and the ultimate tender outcome. We develop and estimate a model of the stock supply curve that demonstrates less than perfect elasticity and incomplete tax arbitrage arising from ‘participation risk’ for potential arbitrageurs. We are able to estimate the extent of disequilibrium in prices involved in fixed‐price repurchases and show that it is substantial. We show that Australian Tax Office restrictions on the tender price range for Dutch auctions have meant that non‐participating shareholders have foregone some potential benefits through the transfer of tax benefits to (primarily institutional, low tax rate) successful tender participants. The results provide support for legislative changes proposed in 2009 (but not implemented as of mid 2011), which removed constraints on the allowable range of repurchase prices.
Union Leaders as Experts: Wage Bargaining and Strikes with Union‐Wide Ballot Requirements*
Authors: Olofsgård Anders 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTo avoid strikes and to curb labour militancy, some governments have introduced legislation stating that union leadership as well as wage offers should be decided through union‐wide ballots. This paper shows that members still have incentives to appoint militant union leaders, if these leaders have access to information critical for the members’ voting decisions. Furthermore, conflicts may arise in equilibrium even though the contract zone is never empty and there is an option to resolve any incomplete information. Ballot requirements hence preclude neither militant union bosses nor inefficient conflicts.
Is there a Core of Macroeconomics that Euro Area Forecasters Believe In?
Authors: Pierdzioch Christian , Stadtmann Georg , Rülke Jan-Christoph 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The quantity theory of money, Okun’s law, and the Phillips curve are cornerstones of macroeconomic theory. But are they also of practical relevance? Using survey data for the euro area, we found that professional economists’ forecasts are consistent with a version of the quantity theory in which forecasts of the growth rate of money supply correlate in a proportional way with forecasts of the inflation rate. We also found that forecasts of changes in the unemployment rate and forecasts of the growth rate of real output are consistent with Okun’s law. Evidence of a systematic link between forecasts of the inflation rate and forecasts of the unemployment rate, however, is not strong.
Beyond continuity? Italian social assistance policies between institutional opportunities and agency
Authors: Madama Ilaria 
Published: September 2011

Madama I. Beyond continuity? Italian social assistance policies between institutional opportunities and agencyThe article addresses recent developments of social assistance policies in Italy with two interpretative aims. The first regards the approval of the long‐awaited framework law in 2000 and deals with the factors that made a path‐shifting national reform possible in a policy sector which had evolved through successive accretions and gradual revisions. The second regards the effectiveness of the reform, providing an assessment of the (scant) achievements subsequent to its adoption. The reform process was investigated through a model that combines factors of historical neo‐institutionalist derivation and agency dynamics, the latter of which is intended to overcome the structuralist bias of purely neo‐institutionalist explanations. The article draws two conclusions. The first concerns the resilience of Italy's backwardness in this policy field. The second, a theoretical consideration, is that if institutions function as constraint generators as well as opportunity generators for actors, agency dynamics are crucial in order to fully understand the timing and specific contents of institutional change.