bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head-locked, world-locked, or conformal diminished-reality? An examination of different AR solutions for pedestrian safety in occluded scenarios
Authors: Peereboom Joris , Tabone Wilbert , Dodou Dimitra , de Winter Joost 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany collisions between pedestrians and cars are caused by poor visibility, such as occlusion by a parked vehicle. Augmented reality (AR) could help to prevent this problem, but it is unknown to what extent the augmented information needs to be embedded into the world. In this virtual reality experiment with a head-mounted display (HMD), 28 participants were exposed to AR designs, in a scenario where a vehicle approached from behind a parked vehicle. The experimental conditions included a head-locked live video feed of the occluded region, meaning it was fixed in a specific location within the view of the HMD (VideoHead), a world-locked video feed displayed across the street (VideoStreet), and two conformal diminished reality designs: a see-through display on the occluding vehicle (VideoSeeThrough) and a solution where the occluding vehicle has been made semi-transparent (TransparentVehicle). ABaselinecondition without augmented information served as a reference. Additionally, theVideoHeadandVideoStreetconditions were each tested with and without the addition of a guiding arrow indicating the location of the approaching vehicle. Participants performed 42 trials, 6 per condition, during which they had to hold a key when they felt safe to cross. The keypress percentages and responses from additional questionnaires showed that the diminished-realityTransparentVehicleandVideoSeeThroughdesigns came out most favourably, while theVideoHeadsolution caused some discomfort and dissatisfaction. An analysis of head yaw angle showed thatVideoHeadandVideoStreetcaused divided attention between the screen and the approaching vehicle. The use of guiding arrows did not contribute demonstrable added value. AR designs with a high level of local embeddedness are beneficial for addressing occlusion problems when crossing. However, the head-locked solutions should not be immediately dismissed because, according to the literature, such solutions can serve tasks where a salient warning or instruction is beneficial.
Automated classification of choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, and drusen from retinal OCT images using vision transformers: a comparative study
Authors: Akça Said , Garip Zeynep , Ekinci Ekin , Atban Furkan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Classifying retinal diseases is a complex problem because the early problematic areas of retinal disorders are quite small and conservative. In recent years, Transformer architectures have been successfully applied to solve various retinal related health problems. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), two prevalent retinal diseases, can cause partial or total blindness. Diseases therefore require an early and accurate detection. In this study, we proposed Vision Transformer (ViT), Tokens-To-Token Vision Transformer (T2T-ViT) and Mobile Vision Transformer (Mobile-ViT) algorithms to detect choroidal neovascularization (CNV), drusen, and diabetic macular edema (DME), and normal using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The predictive accuracies of ViT, T2T-ViT and Mobile-ViT achieved on the dataset for the classification of OCT images are 95.14%, 96.07% and 99.17% respectively. Experimental results obtained from ViT approaches showed that Mobile-ViT have superior performance with regard to classification accuracy in comparison with the others. Overall, it has been observed that ViT architectures have the capacity to classify with high accuracy in the diagnosis of retinal diseases.
Geochemical Characterization of an AMD-Affected Stream: Detection of Associated Trace Metal Contamination Using Element ‘Dilution Factors’
Authors: Abrahams Jamie-Leigh Robin , Carranza Emmanuel John Muico 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study characterized metal contamination in the Blesbokspruit River waters, near the coal-mining town of Emalahleni in Mpumalanga, South Africa, using enrichment factors (EFs) and contamination factors (CFs). We investigated the potential of Fe and Al ‘dilution factors’ (stream water divided by overbank sediment concentrations) under base flow hydrological conditions to detect AMD-related trace metal contamination in the study site. Waters of the Blesbokspruit River were characterized by acidic (< 3) to near neutral (≈7) pH, high EC (up to 2240 µS/cm), high sulfate (up to 1530 mg/L), ultra-high degrees of Fe contamination and minor to moderately severe enrichment of trace metals, all of which strongly indicate that the river is affected by AMD. Fe and Al dilution factors showed moderate to strong positive correlations with dissolved trace metals (Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd), but not with Cu, which is likely more associated with kaolinite in the study area. In addition, correlation analysis showed that dilution factors were better for detecting aqueous Co and Cd, and comparable for detecting aqueous Ni, relative to stream pH and aqueous Fe and Al. Dilution factors have an advantage over stream pH and aqueous Al and Fe because, once calculated, they can be used to monitor AMD-related trace metal contamination in streams during dry seasons by using only Al and Fe content in sediments. This can be beneficial when preservation methods or storage necessary for water samples are not available. However, the robustness of dilution factors during wet seasons requires further investigation.
Recht und Governance von In-vitro-Fleisch – insbesondere zur EU-Novel-Food-Verordnung
Authors: Heyl Katharine , Ekardt Felix 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungGlobale Klima- und Biodiversitätsziele verlangen eine drastische Reduktion der Nutztierhaltung. Die neben pflanzlicher Nahrung damit in den Blick rückenden Fleischersatzprodukte wie In-vitro-Fleisch werfen einige bisher kaum diskutierte Rechts- und Steuerungsfragen auf. Einige wichtige davon erörtert der vorliegende kurze Beitrag mit Schwerpunkt auf die EU-Novel-Food-Verordnung.
Comprehensive analysis of digital twins in smart cities: a 4200-paper bibliometric study
Authors: El-Agamy Rasha F. , Sayed Hanaa A. , AL Akhatatneh Arwa M. , Aljohani Mansourah , Elhosseini Mostafa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis survey paper comprehensively reviews Digital Twin (DT) technology, a virtual representation of a physical object or system, pivotal in Smart Cities for enhanced urban management. It explores DT's integration with Machine Learning for predictive analysis, IoT for real-time data, and its significant role in Smart City development. Addressing the gap in existing literature, this survey analyzes over 4,220 articles from the Web of Science, focusing on unique aspects like datasets, platforms, and performance metrics. Unlike other studies in the field, this research paper distinguishes itself through its comprehensive and bibliometric approach, analyzing over 4,220 articles and focusing on unique aspects like datasets, platforms, and performance metrics. This approach offers an unparalleled depth of analysis, enhancing the understanding of Digital Twin technology in Smart City development and setting a new benchmark in scholarly research in this domain. The study systematically identifies emerging trends and thematic topics, utilizing tools like VOSviewer for data visualization. Key findings include publication trends, prolific authors, and thematic clusters in research. The paper highlights the importance of DT in various urban applications, discusses challenges and limitations, and presents case studies showcasing successful implementations. Distinguishing from prior studies, it offers detailed insights into emerging trends, future research directions, and the evolving role of policy and governance in DT development, thereby making a substantial contribution to the field.
Effective interpretable learning for large-scale categorical data
Authors: Zhang Yishuo , Zaidi Nayyar , Zhou Jiahui , Wang Tao , Li Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge scale categorical datasets are ubiquitous in machine learning and the success of most deployed machine learning models rely on how effectively the features are engineered. For large-scale datasets, parametric methods are generally used, among which three strategies for feature engineering are quite common. The first strategy focuses on managing the breadth (or width) of a network, e.g., generalized linear models (aka. ). The second strategy focuses on the depth of a network, e.g., Artificial Neural networks or (aka. ). The third strategy relies on factorizing the interaction terms, e.g., Factorization Machines (aka. ). Each of these strategies brings its own advantages and disadvantages. Recently, it has been shown that for categorical data, combination of various strategies leads to excellent results. For example, -Learning, , etc., leads to state-of-the-art results. Following the trend, in this work, we have proposed another learning framework—-Learning, based on the combination of , , , and a newly introduced component named (). is in the form of a Bayesian network classifier whose structure is learned apriori, and parameters are learned by optimizing a joint objective function along with , and parts. We denote the learning of parameters as . Additionally, the parameters of are constrained to be actual probabilities—therefore, it is extremely interpretable. Furthermore, one can sample or generate data from , which can facilitate learning and provides a framework for knowledge-guided machine learning. We demonstrate that our proposed framework possesses the resilience to maintain excellent classification performance when confronted with biased datasets. We evaluate the efficacy of our framework in terms of classification performance on various benchmark large-scale categorical datasets and compare against state-of-the-art methods. It is shown that, framework (a) exhibits superior performance on classification tasks, (b) boasts outstanding interpretability and (c) demonstrates exceptional resilience and effectiveness in scenarios involving skewed distributions.
Spontaneous focusing on numerical order and numerical skills of 3- to 4-year-old children
Authors: Harju Heidi , Van Hoof Jo , Nanu Cristina E. , McMullen Jake , Hannula-Sormunen Minna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the importance of ordinality skills in early numerical development. Here, we investigate individual differences in ordering sets of items and suggest that children might also differ in their tendency to spontaneously recognize and use numerical order in everyday situations. This study investigated the individual differences in 3- to 4-year-old children’s tendency to spontaneously focus on numerical order (SFONO), and their association with early numerical skills. One hundred fifty children were presented with three SFONO tasks designed as play-like activities, where numerical order was one aspect that could be focused on. In addition, the children were administered tasks addressing spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON), numerical ordering, cardinality recognition, and number sequence production. Our results showed that children had substantial individual differences in all measures, including SFONO tendency. Children’s SFONO tendency was associated with their early numerical skills. To further investigate the association between SFONO tendency and numerical ordering skills, a hierarchical regression was conducted for a group of children who could successfully order sets from one to three at a minimum and were regarded as likely having the requisite skills to spontaneously focus on numerical order. The findings reveal that SFONO tendency had a unique contribution to children’s numerical ordering skills, even after controlling for age, cardinality recognition, and number sequence production. The results suggest that SFONO tendency potentially plays a relevant role in children’s numerical development.
The non-linear impact of monetary policy on shifts in economic policy uncertainty: evidence from the United States of America
Authors: Dima Bogdan , Dima Ștefana Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA stochastic volatility estimation of VIX index’s latent volatility is used for the United States of America, as a proxy for the adjustments in the levels of investors’ uncertainty related to current and future economic policies. The impact of monetary policy stance on such measure is examined in the framework of the distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM). We place this analysis in the literature stream emphasizing the various sources of heterogeneity concerning investors’ expectations. The main finding is that the monetary policy does impact non-linearly the adjustments in investors’ predictions. While a tighter monetary policy does generally contribute to an increase in VIX’s latent volatility, the shape of such effect varies across different GLM and GAM specifications of DLNM. This outcome remains robust, even if: (1) we control for the global price of Brent crude and consumers’ confidence; (2) we use, instead of the stochastic framework, a Markov-switching GARCH-based estimator; or (3) we replace the monetary policy instrument with monetary policy uncertainty. We argue that accounting for its nonlinear effects on financial markets is of critical importance for the design of a monetary policy pursuing global financial stability.
Testing the Labeling Effect in Autistic Children
Authors: Parrillas-Manchón Sergio , Castroviejo Elena , Hernández-Conde José V. , Rodríguez-Armendariz Ekaine , Vicente Agustín 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Our objective was to test the labeling effect in autistic children. The effect has been robustly tested in typically developing (TD) individuals. TD children expect that any two objects that receive the same linguistic label will have similar properties, which suggests that they generate concepts based on acts of labeling. The labeling effect has not been tested on autistic children, who may not be equally attuned to the relevance of linguistic clues or may not generalize as swiftly as TD children.

Methods
We reproduced Graham et al.,’s (Frontiers in Psychology 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00586, 2013) design on 30 autistic children of different ages. Participants were divided into two groups depending on whether objects presented to them were named alike or differently (Same or Distinct Label between-individuals condition). The dependent variable was the number of target actions the child performed on an object, depending on whether that object made the same sound as a previously shown test object.

Results
We did not reproduce results similar to those reported in Graham et al., (Frontiers in Psychology 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00586, 2013). Children in the Same Label group did not perform significantly more actions than children in the Distinct Label group when the objects that were handed to the children did not make the same sound as the test object.

Conclusions
Autistic children do not seem to be sensitive to the labeling effect to the same extent as TD children. If these results are confirmed, intervention programs for autistic children should consider trainings on this way of generating concepts shared by their linguistic community.
Introduced mammalian predators influence demography and trait variation of a New Zealand stag beetle
Authors: Grey L. , Trewick S. A. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Most species co-evolve with their predators and develop strategies to avoid predation. This is not possible when a novel predator invades an environment. Native residents must quickly adapt to their new predator or face local extinction. Intense competition for mating opportunities exerts significant selective pressure that can drive the evolution of exaggerated structures across taxa. However, these elaborate traits can elevate the risk of predation for some organisms. In the present study, we observe the effect that rats have had on a population of endemic New Zealand stag beetles, Geodorcus helmsi. Rats in Rakiura | Stewart Island often prey on stag beetles, taking them to a sheltered area to eat them and discard any uneaten parts of the beetle, namely the head and mandibles. We compared the head size, mandible size and numbers of predated and non-predated male and female beetles in three sites in Rakiura | Stewart Island that differ in their abundance of mammalian predators. We found that the population demography and the size of the beetles differed significantly between sites. Additionally, we determined whether predated beetles were larger than non-predated beetles, across multiple years, regardless of site. We found that overall the predated specimens were larger than the non-predated beetles. The trends found here suggest that exaggeration of the male mandibles increases the predation risk of these iconic beetles, acting as a limit to mandible size.

Implications for insect conservation
Our results show for the first time the effect that novel predators can have on a population of animals with exaggerated sexually selected traits. The presence of novel predators can cause a shift in both population demography and trait distribution.
Impact of aluminium doping in magnesium-doped zinc oxide thin films by sputtering for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Rahman Mirza Mustafizur , Rahman Kazi Sajedur , Rokonuzzaman Md. , Bhari Bibi Zulaika , Ludin Norasikin Ahmad , Ibrahim Mohd Adib 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, Mg-doped zinc oxide (MZO) thin films were deposited through radio frequency (RF) sputtering for different substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature (25 °C) to 350 °C. XRD analysis depicted that the higher substrate temperatures lead to increased crystallite size. From the UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmittance (T) was found approximately 95% and the optical band energy gap (Eg) was determined around 3.70 eV. Hall effect measurement system measured the carrier concentration and resistivity of all films in the order of 1014 cm−3 and 103 Ω-cm, respectively. Since the structural and optoelectrical properties of the MZO films were not significantly affected by the substrate temperatures, Aluminium (Al) was co-doped in the MZO film to improve structural and optoelectrical properties. As a result, the carrier concentration of Al doped MZO (AMZO) films was increased up to ~ 1020 cm−3 from ~ 1014 cm3 (MZO), and the resistivity was decreased up to ~ 10–1 Ω-cm from 103 Ω-cm (MZO) representing the significant changes in electrical properties without affecting the transmittance. This study opens a pathway for improving the MZO buffer layer that can enhance the cell performance of CdTe solar cells.
Graphical abstract
Behavioral state-dependent selection of roads by guanacos
Authors: Serota Mitchell W. , Alarcón Pablo A. E. , Donadio Emiliano , Middleton Arthur D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Context
Widespread globally, roads impact the distribution of wildlife by influencing habitat use and avoidance patterns near roadways and disrupting movement across them. Wildlife responses to roads are known to vary across species; however within species, the response to roads may depend on the season or the individual’s behavioral state.

Objectives
We assess the movement behavior and space use of the most widespread large herbivore in Patagonia, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe). We estimated the preference or avoidance to paved or unpaved roads (the proximity effect) and the preference or avoidance to traverse them (the crossing effect).

Methods
Using GPS collar data, we combined Hidden Markov Models with an integrated step selection analysis to segment guanaco movement trajectories into individual behaviors and test for differences in road effects on movement.

Results
We found that guanacos display distinct movement responses to different types of roads depending on their behavioral state. Guanacos select for proximity to paved roads while foraging, but against them when traveling. Yet, guanacos select for unpaved roads when traveling. Despite the selection for proximity to paved roads, guanacos avoid crossing them, irrespective of their behavioral state.

Conclusion
Our findings offer significant implications for guanaco distribution and management across Patagonia. The selection for roads strongly influences the distribution of guanacos, which could concentrate grazing in some areas while freeing others. Despite potential benefits such as increased vegetation near roadsides, increased association with roads while foraging may result in an ecological trap. Finally, the strong aversion to crossing paved roads raises concerns about habitat loss and connectivity.
Predictors and surgical outcome of hemorrhagic metastatic brain malignancies
Authors: Rauschenbach Laurèl , Kolbe Pia , Engel Adrian , Ahmadipour Yahya , Oppong Marvin Darkwah , Santos Alejandro N. , Kebir Sied , Dobersalske Celia , Scheffler Björn , Deuschl Cornelius , Dammann Philipp , Wrede Karsten H. , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Intracerebral metastases present a substantial risk of tumor-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aimed to investigate the risk of hemorrhagic events in brain metastases (BM) from various primary tumor sites and evaluate the safety and outcomes of surgical tumor removal.

Methods
A retrospective, single-center review of medical records was conducted for patients who underwent BM removal between January 2016 and December 2017. Patients with hemorrhagic BM were compared to those with non-hemorrhagic BM. Data on preoperative predictors, perioperative management, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results
A total of 229 patients met the inclusion criteria. Melanoma metastases were significantly associated with preoperative hemorrhage, even after adjusting for confounding factors (p = 0.001). Poor clinical status (p = 0.001), larger tumor volume (p = 0.020), and unfavorable prognosis (p = 0.001) independently predicted spontaneous hemorrhage. Importantly, preoperative use of anticoagulant medications was not linked to increased hemorrhagic risk (p = 0.592). Surgical removal of hemorrhagic BM, following cessation of blood-thinning medication, did not significantly affect intraoperative blood loss, surgical duration, or postoperative rebleeding risk (p > 0.096). However, intra-tumoral hemorrhage was associated with reduced overall survival (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study emphasizes the safety of anticoagulation in patients with BM and highlights the safety of neurosurgical treatment in patients with hemorrhagic BM when blood-thinning medication is temporarily paused. The presence of intra-tumoral hemorrhage negatively impacts survival, highlighting its prognostic significance in BM patients. Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.