bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender as a Moderator Between Having an Anxiety Disorder Diagnosis and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery (CABG) Outcomes in Rural Patients
Authors: Dao Tam K. , Voelkel Emily , Presley Sherine , Doss Brendel , Huddleston Cashuna , Gopaldas Raja 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose: This paper examines gender as a moderating variable between having an anxiety disorder diagnosis and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) outcomes in rural patients.Methods: Using the 2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, 17,885 discharge records of patients who underwent a primary CABG surgery were identified. Independent variables included age, gender, race, median household income based on patient's ZIP code, primary expected payer, the Deyo, Cherkin, and Ciol Comorbidity Index, and an anxiety comorbidity diagnosis. Outcome variables included in‐hospital length of stay and patient disposition (routine and nonroutine discharge). A 2 × 2 analysis of variance and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the interaction between gender and an anxiety disorder diagnosis on in‐hospital length of stay and patient disposition.Findings: Twenty‐seven percent of rural patients undergoing a CABG operation had a comorbid anxiety diagnosis. Rural patients who had nonroutine discharge were more likely to have comorbid anxiety diagnosis compared to rural patients who had a routine discharge. There was a significant interaction effect between having an anxiety diagnosis and gender on length of hospital stay but not for patient disposition.Conclusions: Three findings were noteworthy. First, anxiety disorder is prevalent in rural patients who are undergoing a CABG operation. Second, anxiety was a significant independent predictor of both length of hospital stay and nonroutine discharge for patients receiving CABG surgery. Last, having an anxiety disorder diagnosis increased hospital stay for both males and females; however, females seemed to be impacted more than males.
Use of Taiwanese Ropy Fermented Milk (TRFM) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Isolated from TRFM in Manufacturing of Functional Low‐Fat Cheeses
Authors: Chiang Ming‐Lun , Chen Hsi‐Chia , Wang Sheng‐Yao , Hsieh Yueh‐Ling , Chen Ming‐Ju 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to manufacture new functional low‐fat cheeses using Taiwanese ropy fermented milk (TRFM) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strains isolated from TRFM. After 28 d of ripening and storage, the viable populations of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the low‐fat cheeses made with L. lactis subsp. cremoris TL1 (TL1), L. lactis subsp. cremoris TL4 (TL4), and TRFM still maintained above 108 CFU/g. The low‐fat cheeses made with TL1 and TRFM showed higher moisture contents than the cheeses made with TL4, full‐fat, and low‐fat cheese controls. The low‐fat cheeses made with TL1 and TL4 had higher customer preferential scores similar to full‐fat cheese control in the sensory evaluation. Additionally, the low‐fat cheeses fermented with TL1, TL4, and TRFM for 4 h had higher 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging and ferrous ion‐chelating abilities than the cheeses fermented with the starters for 8 h, full‐fat, and low‐fat cheese controls. A better angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity was also observed in the low‐fat cheeses made with TL1, TL4, and TRFM than that in the full‐fat and low‐fat cheese controls during ripening and storage period.Practical Application:  As health‐conscious consumers continue to seek low‐fat alternatives in their diets, there remain strong interests for the dairy industry to develop low‐fat cheeses to meet the demands. This study clearly demonstrated that the low‐fat cheeses fermented with TL1 for 4 h showed a better overall acceptability and possessed antioxidative abilities and ACE inhibitory activities than other cheeses tested in this study. By improving its flavor and investigating the possible mechanisms of its functionalities in the future, this low‐fat cheese might possibly be commercialized and give a positive impact on cheese consumption in the future.
High negative predictive value of a normal faecal calprotectin in patients with symptomatic intestinal disease
Authors: Turvill James 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundCalprotectin is a heat stable intracellular protein shed by neutrophils into the intestinal lumen in response to inflammation. Lack of specificity makes its role in the assessment of inflammatory bowel disease uncertain. However, the strength of faecal calprotectin testing may lie in its negative predictive value (NPV) rather than positive predictive value (PPV) of organic intestinal disease.ObjectivesTo determine whether a normal faecal calprotectin in new patients with symptoms safely predicts for functional intestinal disease.MethodsTo determine the predictive values of normal and raised faecal calprotectin by retrospective review of outcomes in consecutive primary care referrals into secondary care. Patients aged 16–60 years (mean age 41 years; 70% female patients) with intestinal symptoms were identified. 500 referrals had a normal faecal calprotectin and 130 had a raised result. ‘Fast track’ referrals were excluded. Outcome measures were the NPV of a normal faecal calprotectin and PPV of a raised faecal calprotectin.ResultsNormal faecal calprotectin had an NPV of 0.964 for excluding symptomatic organic intestinal disease. Significant incidental non-intestinal (3.6%) and intestinal (6.4%) diseases were also identified. Mean follow-up was 4.8 years with no diagnostic revisions. In the raised faecal calprotectin cohort, the PPV for organic intestinal disease was 0.7.ConclusionsA normal faecal calprotectin safely predicts for functional intestinal disease. It may represent a powerful screening tool for excluding organic intestinal disease in primary care. A prospective primary care based study is needed.
Heavy traffic analysis of the discriminatory randomorderofservice discipline
Authors: Ayesta U. , Izagirre A. , Verloop I. M. 
Published: September 2011

We study the steady-state queue-length vector in a multiclass single-server queue with relative priorities. Upon service completion, the probability that the next customer to be served is from class k is controlled by class-dependent weights. Once a customer has started service, it is served without interruption until completion. This is a generalization of the random-order-of-service discipline.
We investigate the system in a heavy-traffic regime. We first establish a state-space collapse for the scaled queue length vector, that is, the scaled queue length vector is in the limit the product of an exponentially distributed random variable and a deterministic vector. As a direct consequence, we obtain that the scaled number of customers in the system reduces as classes with smaller mean service requirement obtain relatively larger weights. In addition, we present the distribution of the scaled sojourn time of a customer given its class, in heavy traffic.
Burn surgery and blood loss – a review
Authors: Brazier Andrew , Sheena Yezen , Jeffery Steven LA 
Published: September 2011

Objectives: Blood loss has long been recognised as a significant problem in burn surgery. Efforts have been made in the past to quantify this loss and determine what factors influence it the most. Several researchers have been able to produce and validate formulae that predict the volume of blood loss during excisional surgery. Accurately determining this allows appropriate volumes of blood to be ordered, reducing risk to patients and saving scarce resources. This article reviews the literature on blood loss in burns surgery, including influencing factors, methods of prediction and effective management. Methods: A literature review was conducted to examine methods used to measure, calculate and reduce blood loss in burn surgery. The validity of these methods and the limitations on accuracy will be discussed. Alternative methods shall also be considered. Results: Most current methods of estimating blood loss attempt to determine the volume of erythrocytes required to return haemoglobin concentrations to their pre-operative level. Various formulae have been developed to calculate this volume. Conclusions: Several authors have produced formulae that predict the volume of blood loss to a significant degree of accuracy. Different techniques have been shown to significantly reduce blood loss. In other areas of surgery, thromboelastometry has been used to identify the levels of specific blood component defects. The use of this method in burns surgery could, in the future, help develop a protocol for operative blood transfusion.
Identification of the earliest natural killer cell–committed progenitor in murine bone marrow
Authors: Fathman John W. , Bhattacharya Deepta , Inlay Matthew A. , Seita Jun , Karsunky Holger , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells develop in the bone marrow and are known to gradually acquire the ability to eliminate infected and malignant cells, yet the cellular stages of NK lineage commitment and maturation are incompletely understood. Using 12-color flow cytometry, we identified a novel NK-committed progenitor (pre-NKP) that is a developmental intermediate between the upstream common lymphoid progenitor and the downstream NKP, previously assumed to represent the first stage of NK lineage commitment. Our analysis also refined the purity of NKPs (rNKP) by 6-fold such that 50% of both pre-NKP and rNKP cells gave rise to NKp46+ NK cells at the single-cell level. On transplantation into unconditioned Rag2−/−Il2rγc−/− recipients, both pre-NKPs and rNKPs generated mature NK cells expressing a repertoire of Ly49 family members that degranulated on stimulation ex vivo. Intrathymic injection of these progenitors, however, yielded no NK cells, suggesting a separate origin of thymic NK cells. Unlike the rNKP, the pre-NKP does not express IL-2Rβ (CD122), yet it is lineage committed toward the NK cell fate, adding support to the theory that IL-15 signaling is not required for NK commitment. Taken together, our data provide a high-resolution in vivo analysis of the earliest steps of NK cell commitment and maturation.
Multi-objective optimization of enzyme manipulations in metabolic networks considering resilience effects
Authors: Wu Wu-Hsiung , Wang Feng-Sheng , Chang Maw-Shang 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Improving the synthesis rate of desired metabolites in metabolic systems is one of the main tasks in metabolic engineering. In the last decade, metabolic engineering approaches based on the mathematical optimization have been used extensively for the analysis and manipulation of metabolic networks. Experimental evidence shows that mutants reflect resilience phenomena against gene alterations. Although researchers have published many studies on the design of metabolic systems based on kinetic models and optimization strategies, almost no studies discuss the multi-objective optimization problem for enzyme manipulations in metabolic networks considering resilience phenomenon.

Results
This study proposes a generalized fuzzy multi-objective optimization approach to formulate the enzyme intervention problem for metabolic networks considering resilience phenomena and cell viability. This approach is a general framework that can be applied to any metabolic networks to investigate the influence of resilience phenomena on gene intervention strategies and maximum target synthesis rates. This study evaluates the performance of the proposed approach by applying it to two metabolic systems: S. cerevisiae and E. coli. Results show that the maximum synthesis rates of target products by genetic interventions are always over-estimated in metabolic networks that do not consider the resilience effects.

Conclusions
Considering the resilience phenomena in metabolic networks can improve the predictions of gene intervention and maximum synthesis rates in metabolic engineering. The proposed generalized fuzzy multi-objective optimization approach has the potential to be a good and practical framework in the design of metabolic networks.
Severe propylthiouracil-induced hepatotoxicity in pregnancy managed successfully by liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Sequeira Evan , Wanyonyi Sikolia , Dodia Raj 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Propylthiouracil-induced severe hepatotoxicity is a relatively rare occurrence, with very few cases reported in the literature. The management of this complication in pregnancy can be a challenge because of the effects of the various treatment options on the fetus.

Case presentation
We report a rare case of fulminant hepatic failure in a 36-year-old gravida 2 black woman of African descent that occurred at 17 weeks gestation following propylthiouracil treatment for Graves' disease. Her liver failure was managed by liver transplantation and thyroidectomy. Her pregnancy was continued to term, though with not so favorable early childhood sequelae.

Conclusion
This case illustrates a very rare complication of treatment with a presumed safe drug during pregnancy followed by adverse neonatal outcomes due to the extensive treatment.
Seismic and Resistivity Measurements for Real-Time Monitoring of Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation in Sand
Authors: Weil Matthew H. , DeJong Jason T. , Martinez Brian C. , Mortensen Brina M. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A variety of biogeochemical processes, from inorganic mineral precipitation to bio-film formation to bio-gas generation, are being investigated as alternative methods to improve soil properties. Every process applied in a geotechnical application requires the ability to monitor the progression of treatment, preferably in real time. While monitoring of the biogeochemical processes is necessary to properly apply and manage the treatment process, ultimately verification that the treatment is improving the engineering soil properties as desired is necessary. Because direct measurements of soil properties (e.g., strength tests) during treatment are infeasible, the use of indirect non-destructive measurements during treatment is desirable. Development of these real-time, non-destructive measurements would increase the “certainty of execution” of bio-treatment methods. To this end, seismic velocity, and resistivity measurements are examined herein to assess their ability to monitor the extent and spatial distribution of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) in sands. Shear wave velocity (S-wave) test results are used to develop a generalized correlation to the precipitated calcite mass; this in turn enables prediction of changes in void ratio (porosity), density, and shear modulus during treatment. Compression wave velocity (P-wave) measurements are determined under different saturation conditions and used in combination with S-wave measurements to observe how the Poisson’s ratio evolved during treatment. The applicability of resistivity measurements for monitoring the MICP treatment process is also examined. Finally, the seismic properties of MICP treated sand are compared with other conventional materials and the implications of these results for real-time monitoring during future field-scale applications discussed.
The distribution of labor between adpositions and case within complex spatial PPs
Authors: Lestrade Sander , de Schepper Kees , Zwarts Joost 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper discusses a cross-linguistic sample of spatial PPs in languages that both have adpositions and case. It is shown that the distribution of labor within these potentially complex PPs follows from two general principles only. According to the principle of Grammaticalization, less frequent meaning elements should never be expressed by more grammatical means than more frequent ones. According to the principle of Compositionality, the syntactic construction should reflect the order of semantic function application. The only viable spatial PP constructions according to these principles are those constructions in which the P simultaneously expresses configuration and directionality, and constructions in which the P expresses configuration and the case marker on the P directionality.
Abusive Head Trauma During a Time of Increased Unemployment: A Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Berger Rachel P. , Fromkin Janet B. , Stutz Haley , Makoroff Kathi , Scribano Philip V. , Feldman Kenneth , Tu Li Chuan , Fabio Anthony 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the rate of abusive head trauma (AHT) in 3 regions of the United States before and during an economic recession and assess whether there is a relationship between the rate of AHT and county-level unemployment rates.

METHODS:
Clinical data were collected for AHT cases diagnosed in children younger than 5 years from January 1, 2004 until June 30, 2009, by hospital-based child protection teams within 3 geographic regions. The recession was defined as December 1, 2007 through June 30, 2009. Quarterly unemployment rates were collected for every county in which an AHT case occurred.

RESULTS:
During the 5½-year study period, a total of 422 children were diagnosed with AHT in a 74-county region. The overall rate of AHT increased from 8.9 in 100 000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8–10.0) before the recession to 14.7 in 100 000 (95% CI: 12.5–16.9) during the recession (P &lt; .001). There was no difference in the clinical characteristics of subjects in the prerecession versus recession period. There was no relationship between the rate of AHT and county-level unemployment rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The rate of AHT increased significantly in 3 distinct geographic regions during the 19 months of an economic recession compared with the 47 months before the recession. This finding is consistent with our understanding of the effect of stress on violence. Given the high morbidity and mortality rates for children with AHT, these results are concerning and suggest that prevention efforts might need to be increased significantly during times of economic hardship.
Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Preterm Infants: An Individual-Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Askie Lisa M. , Ballard Roberta A. , Cutter Gary R. , Dani Carlo , Elbourne Diana , Field David , Hascoet Jean-Michel , Hibbs Anna Maria , Kinsella John P. , Mercier Jean-Christophe , Rich Wade , Schreiber Michael D. , Wongsiridej Pimol (Srisuparp) , Subhedar Nim V. , Van Meurs Krisa P. , Voysey Merryn , Barrington Keith , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Finer Neil N. ,   on behalf of the Meta-analysis of Preterm Patients on Inhaled Nitric Oxide (MAPPiNO) Collaboration
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is an effective therapy for pulmonary hypertension and hypoxic respiratory failure in term infants. Fourteen randomized controlled trials (n = 3430 infants) have been conducted on preterm infants at risk for chronic lung disease (CLD). The study results seem contradictory.

DESIGN/METHODS:
Individual-patient data meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials of preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks' gestation). Outcomes were adjusted for trial differences and correlation between siblings.

RESULTS:
Data from 3298 infants in 12 trials (96%) were analyzed. There was no statistically significant effect of iNO on death or CLD (59% vs 61%: relative risk [RR]: 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92–1.01]; P = .11) or severe neurologic events on imaging (25% vs 23%: RR: 1.12 [95% CI: 0.98–1.28]; P = .09). There were no statistically significant differences in iNO effect according to any of the patient-level characteristics tested. In trials that used a starting iNO dose of &gt;5 vs ≤5 ppm there was evidence of improved outcome (interaction P = .02); however, these differences were not observed at other levels of exposure to iNO. This result was driven primarily by 1 trial, which also differed according to overall dose, duration, timing, and indication for treatment; a significant reduction in death or CLD (RR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.74–0.98]) was found.

CONCLUSIONS:
Routine use of iNO for treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants cannot be recommended. The use of a higher starting dose might be associated with improved outcome, but because there were differences in the designs of these trials, it requires further examination.
Formation of Foamy Coatings by Laser Ablation of Glass-ceramic Substrates in the Nanosecond Regime Substrate - Temperature and Wavelength Dependence
Authors: Sola Daniel , Escartín Andrés , Peña Jose I. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA study of the formation mechanisms of foamy coatings on the surface of glass-ceramic substrates produced by laser ablation is presented. Three laser systems emitting at 1064, 532 and 355 nm with pulse-widths in the nanosecond range were used. In the NIR range the formation of the coating is only possible when the temperature of the surface is higher than 300 ºC. In this case, the generation is related to an increase of the layer in liquid-phase produced in the interaction zone. However, when the sample is machined at 532 or 355 nm, it is not necessary to heat the whole surface to be processed. In this case, the local temperature and the pressure exerted over the interaction zone produce the generation of this coating, obtaining the layer at room temperature. Furthermore, the coating can be produced at higher speeds. In this way, it is possible to reduce the energetic cost improving the efficiency of the process.Morphology, microstructure, composition and thermal properties of the layer are described.
A Theoretical Study of the Magnetic Structure of Bulk Iron with Radiation Defects
Authors: Wang Yang , Nicholson D.M.C. , Stocks G.M. , Rusanu Aurelian , Eisenbach Markus , Stoller R. E. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA fundamental understanding of the radiation damage effects in solids is of great importance in assisting the development of improved materials with ultra-high strength, toughness, and radiation resistance for nuclear energy applications. In this presentation, we show our recent theoretical investigation on the magnetic structure evolution of bulk iron in the region surrounding the radiation defects. We applied the locally self-consistent multiple scattering method (LSMS), a linear scaling ab-initio method based on density functional theory with local spin density approximation, to the study of the magnetic structure in a low energy cascade in a 10,000-atom sample for a series of time steps for the evolution of the defects. The primary damage state and the evolution of all defects in the sample were simulated using molecular dynamics with empirical, embedded-atom inter-atomic potentials. We also discuss the importance of thermal effect on the magnetic structure evolution.