bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of an electronic nursing documentation system on efficiency of documentation by caregivers in a residential aged care facility
Authors: Munyisia Esther N , Yu Ping , Hailey David 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To examine the effect of the introduction of an electronic nursing documentation system on the efficiency of documentation in a residential aged care facility.Background.  Modern technology has the potential to free caregivers in residential aged care facilities from their burden of paper documentation and allow them more time to care for residents. To date, there is inadequate evidence to verify this assumption.Design.  Longitudinal cohort study with work sampling method for data collection.Methods.  This study was conducted between 2009–2011; two months before and 3, 6, 12 and 23 months after implementation of an electronic documentation system. A work classification tool was used by an observer to record documentation activities being performed on paper or on a computer by the caregivers.Results.  When compared with the proportion of time caregivers spent on documentation in the preimplementation period, personal carers’ proportion reduced at three months after implementation. The proportion increased from six months and then dropped at 23 months. Recreational activity officers’ proportion increased at three months after implementation. It stabilised at six months and increased again at 12 months. At 23 months, the proportion returned to the preimplementation level. Less than half of the caregivers’ time on documentation after implementation was associated with computer‐related tasks.Conclusions.  Introduction of an electronic documentation system may not necessarily lead to efficiency in documentation for the caregivers. Charting some information items on paper and others on a computer may hinder realization of documentation efficiency.Relevance to clinical practice.  To optimise the efficiency benefit of electronic documentation in a residential aged care facility, it is not only necessary to automate all nursing forms but also to ensure that the system is aligned with caregivers’ documentation practice. Continuous education and mentor support is essential to ensure caregivers’ effective usage of the electronic system.
Factors influencing the adoption of home telecare by elderly or chronically ill people: a national survey
Authors: Peeters José M , de Veer Anke JE , van der Hoek Lucas , Francke Anneke L 
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  The primary aim is to provide insight into client characteristics and characteristics of home telecare contacts, which may influence the adoption of home telecare. Secondary aim is to examine the applicability of four perceived attributes in Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory, which may influence the adoption: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and observability.Background.  Western countries face strongly increasing healthcare demands. At the same time, a growing nursing shortage exists. The use of home telecare may be instrumental in improving independence and safety and can provide support to older and chronically ill people, but a precondition for its uptake is that clients consider it as a useful and helpful technological tool.Design.  A survey conducted among clients of seven home care organisations in the Netherlands connected to a home telecare system.Methods.  In 2007, a postal questionnaire was distributed to 468 older or chronically ill clients: 254 responded (54%). The data were analysed by regression techniques, employing a theoretical model.Results.  This study showed that clients’ perceived attributes – relative advantage, compatibility, complexity and observability – have a significant effect on adoption of home telecare explaining 61% of the variance. The chance of adoption is higher when a client already receives long‐term personal and/or nursing care, he/she lives alone and when there are fixed daily contacts via the home telecare system. The perception of possible benefits can still be enhanced.Conclusions.  The concept of perceived attributes, derived from Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory, has been useful to explain clients’ adoption of home telecare.Relevance to clinical practice.  Home care organisations can best focus on clients already in care and people living alone, in offering home telecare. Nurses, who aim to enhance the client’s adoption of home telecare, have to take into account clients’ perceived attributes of such new technology.
CYP1A2 polymorphisms in slow melatonin metabolisers: a possible relationship with autism spectrum disorder?
Authors: Braam W. , Keijzer H. , Struijker Boudier H. , Didden R. , Smits M. , Curfs L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  In some of our patients with intellectual disabilities (ID) and sleep problems, the initial good response to melatonin disappeared within a few weeks after starting treatment. In these patients melatonin levels at noon were extremely high (>50 pg/ml). We hypothesise that the disappearing effectiveness is associated with slow metabolisation of melatonin because of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CYP1A2.Method  In this pilot study we analysed DNA extracted from saliva samples of 15 consecutive patients with disappearing effectiveness of melatonin. Saliva was collected at noon and 4 pm for measuring melatonin levels.Results  In all patients' salivary melatonin levels at noon were >50 or melatonin half time was >5 h. A SNP was found in eight of 15 patients. The allele *1C was found in two patients and in six patients the *1F allele was found.Conclusions  Of 15 patients with disappearing effectiveness of melatonin, seven were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, and in four of them a SNP was found. The other eight patients were known with a genetic syndrome. In six of them behaviour was considered to be autistic‐type and in three of them a SNP was found. This finding may give a new direction for research into the genetic background of autism.
Distinct Pattern of Immunophenotypic Features of Innate and Adaptive Immunity as a Putative Signature of Clinical and Laboratorial Status of Patients with Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Freitas‐Teixeira P. M. , Silveira‐Lemos D. , Giunchetti R. C. , Baratta‐Masini A. , Mayrink W. , Peruhype‐Magalhães V. , Rocha R. D. R. , Campi‐Azevedo A. C. , Teixeira‐Carvalho A. , Martins‐Filho O. A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, we have analysed the phenotypic features of innate/adaptive immunity of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), categorized according to their clinical/laboratorial status, including number of lesion (L1; L2–4), days of illness duration (≤60;>60) and positivity in the Montenegro skin test (MT−;MT+). Our findings highlighted a range of phenotypic features observed in patients with LCL (↑%HLA‐DR+ neutrophils; ↑CD8+ HLA‐DR+/CD4+ HLA‐DR+ T cell ratio; ↑HLA‐DR in B lymphocytes, ↑%CD23+ neutrophils, monocytes and B cells; ↑α‐Leishmania IgG and ↑serum  + ). Selective changes were observed in L1 (↑%HLA‐DR+ neutrophils, ↑CD8+ HLA‐DR+/CD4+ HLA‐DR+ T cell ratio and ↑serum  + ) as compared to L2–4 (↑%CD5− B cells; ↑CD23+ B cells and ↑α‐Leishmania IgG). Whilst ≤60 presented a mixed profile of innate/adaptive immunity (↓%CD28+ neutrophils and ↑%CD4+ T cells), >60 showed a well‐known leishmanicidal events (↑CD8+ T cells; ↑serum  +  and ↑α‐Leishmania IgG). MT+ patients showed increased putative leishmanicidal capacity (↑%HLA‐DR+ neutrophils; ↑%CD23+ monocytes; ↑CD8+ HLA‐DR+/CD4+ HLA‐DR+ T cell ratio and ↑ serum  + ). Overall, a range of immunological biomarkers illustrates the complex immunological network associated with distinct clinical/laboratorial features of LCL with applicability in clinical studies.
WOX2 and STIMPY‐LIKE/WOX8 promote cotyledon boundary formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lie Catharine , Kelsom Corey , Wu Xuelin 
Published: July 2012

SummaryOne of the key events in dicot plant embryogenesis is the emergence of the two cotyledon primordia, which marks the transition from radial symmetry to bilateral symmetry. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the three CUP‐SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes are responsible for determining the boundary region between the cotyledons. However, the mechanisms controlling their transcription activation are not well understood. Previous studies found that several WOX family homeobox transcription factors are involved in embryo apical patterning and cotyledon development. Here we show that WOX2 and STIMPY‐LIKE (STPL/WOX8) act redundantly to differentially regulate the expression of the CUC genes in promoting the establishment of the cotyledon boundary, without affecting the primary shoot meristem. Loss of both WOX2 and STPL results in reduced CUC2 and CUC3 expression in one side of the embryo, but an expansion of the CUC1 domain. Furthermore, we found that STPL is expressed in the embryo proper, and its activation is enhanced by the removal of WOX2, providing an explanation for the functional redundancy between WOX2 and STPL. Additional evidence also showed that WOX2 and STPL function independently in regulating different aspects of local auxin gradient formation during early embryogenesis.
Are all meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) equal in all hosts? Epidemiological and genetic comparison between animal and human MRSA
Authors: McCarthy Alex J. , Lindsay Jodi A. , Loeffler Anette 
Published: July 2012

Meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) continues to pose a major threat to human health. In animals, MRSA has become established as a veterinary pathogen in pets and horses; in livestock, it presents a concern for public health as a reservoir that can infect humans and as a source of transferrable resistance genes.Genetic analyses have revealed that the epidemiology of MRSA is different in different animal hosts. While human hospital‐associated MRSA lineages are most commonly involved in pet infection and carriage, horse‐specific MRSA most often represent ‘traditional’ equineS. aureuslineages. A recent development in the epidemiology of animal MRSA is the emergence of pig‐adapted strains, such as CC398 and CC9, which appear to have arisen independently in the pig population.Recent insight into the genome structure and the evolution ofS. aureushas helped to explain key aspects of these three distinct epidemiological scenarios. This nonsystematic literature review summarizes the structure and variations of theS. aureusgenome and gives an overview of the current distribution of MRSA lineages in various animal species. It also discusses present knowledge about the emergence and evolution of MRSA in animals, adaptation to different host species and response to selective pressure from animal‐specific environments.An improved understanding of the genetics and selective pressure that underpin the adaptive behaviour ofS. aureusmay be used in the future to predict new developments in staphylococcal diseases and to investigate novel control strategies required at a time of increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents.
Comparison of once‐daily versus twice‐weekly terbinafine administration for the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis – a pilot study
Authors: Berger Darren J. , Lewis Thomas P. , Schick Anthea E. , Stone Richard T. 
Published: July 2012

Background –  Terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal, is used in pulsatile dose regimens for superficial mycoses in human medicine.Objectives –  To compare the clinical efficacy of twice‐weekly versus once‐daily terbinafine administration to determine whether preliminary proof‐of‐concept evidence exists for pulsatile administration of terbinafine in the treatment of canine Malassezia dermatitis and to determine whether twice‐weekly treatment results in fewer clinical and owner‐perceived adverse events.Animals –  Twenty client‐owned dogs with Malassezia dermatitis.Methods –  In this randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial, dogs were randomly assigned to receive terbinafine (30 mg/kg) either once daily for 21 days (n = 10) or once daily on two consecutive days per week for six doses (n = 10). On day 0 and day 21, a mean yeast count was calculated from eight anatomical locations via adhesive tape‐strip cytology, clinical lesion scores were assigned to the same locations, and owners assessed pruritus using a visual analog scale.Results –  There was no significant difference between treatment groups with respect to the reduction in mean yeast count (P = 0.343) and clinical lesion scores (P = 0.887). Pruritus measured by visual analog scale was significantly decreased in the twice‐weekly treatment group compared with the daily treatment group (P = 0.047). Seven of 20 dogs had a clinically measurable or owner‐reported adverse event during treatment that included gastrointestinal disturbances, excessive panting and elevated hepatic enzymes, with no significant difference noted between treatment groups.Conclusions and clinical importance –  This pilot study indicates that twice‐weekly terbinafine administration may be an effective alternative treatment for canine Malassezia dermatitis and merits further investigation.
Optogenetic inhibition of cocaine seeking in rats
Authors: Stefanik Michael T. , Moussawi Khaled , Kupchik Yonatan M. , Smith Kyle C. , Miller Rachel L. , Huff Mary L. , Deisseroth Karl , Kalivas Peter W. , LaLumiere Ryan T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractInhibitory optogenetics was used to examine the roles of the prelimbic cortex (PL), the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) and the PL projections to the NAcore in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Rats were microinjected into the PL or NAcore with an adeno‐associated virus containing halorhodopsin or archaerhodopsin. After 12 days of cocaine self‐administration, followed by extinction training, animals underwent reinstatement testing along with the presence/absence of optically induced inhibition via laser light. Bilateral optical inhibition of the PL, NAcore or the PL fibers in the NAcore inhibited the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
MiR‐146a polymorphism is associated with asthma but not with systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Mexican patients
Authors: Jiménez‐Morales S. , Gamboa‐Becerra R. , Baca V. , Del Río‐Navarro B. E. , López‐Ley D. Y. , Velázquez‐Cruz R. , Saldaña‐Alvarez Y. , Salas‐Martínez G. , Orozco L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractExtensive research has shown that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses. The rs2910164 polymorphism has been identified as a functional variant, which affects the transcription and expression level of miR‐146a and, thereby, contributes to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To investigate whether the rs2910164 G/C polymorphism was associated with asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), we performed an association study in a pediatric Mexican cohort. We included 979 pediatric patients (asthma: 402, SLE: 367 and JRA: 210) and 531 control subjects without inflammatory or immune diseases. Genotyping was performed using the 5′ exonuclease technique. The genotype distribution of the rs2910164 polymorphism was in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each group. No significant differences were detected in the distribution of this polymorphism between cases and controls (P = 0.108, 0.609 and 0.553 for subjects with asthma, JRA and SLE, respectively). However, stratification by gender showed a statistically significant difference between asthmatic and control females, where the C allele was significantly associated with protection to asthma (odds ratio = 0.694, 95% confidence interval 0.519–0.929, P = 0.0138). Our results provide evidence that rs2910164 may play a role in the susceptibility to childhood‐onset asthma, but not SLE or JRA in Mexicans. Further association studies may contribute to determining the role of miR‐146a single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in immune‐mediated diseases.
Fatal human metapneumovirus and influenza B virus coinfection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient
Authors: Ghattas C. , Mossad S.B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHuman metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection can occur in all age groups with significant morbidity and mortality. Coinfection with influenza virus occurs mainly with influenza type A and all reported cases recovered completely. We report the case of a 61‐year‐old man who had hematopoietic stem cell transplant for myelodysplastic syndrome. He was admitted to hospital for septic shock and neutropenia, and blood culture was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. He rapidly developed respiratory failure and required ventilator support. His respiratory culture grew P. aeruginosa and hMPV. His course was complicated by persistent shock requiring vasopressor support, and repeat nasopharyngeal swab was positive for influenza type B and hMPV. His condition rapidly deteriorated, his family elected comfort care, and the patient died shortly thereafter. Coinfection with hMPV and influenza virus type B may have a poor outcome and can be fatal, especially in immunocompromised patients.
A case of wrist tenosynovitis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Chan A. , Findlay A. , Abeygunasekara S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMycobacterial infection in an organ transplant recipient is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Diagnosis is often delayed, resulting in significant morbidity. Anti‐microbial chemotherapy needs careful selection to prevent potentially significant complications, such as organ rejection and dose‐related toxicities. We present the case of a 61‐year‐old Caucasian male kidney transplant recipient with chronic tenosynovitis of the left wrist. Histological findings of the synovial biopsy revealed multinucleated giant cell epithelioid granuloma. Culture of synovial fluid grew Mycobacterium kansasii. Treatment with rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin proved curative, but the patient developed irreversible ethambutol‐related optic neuritis.
In vitro Antioxidant and Anti‐inflammatory Activities of Extracts from Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae) Leafy Galls Induced by Rhodococcus fascians
Authors: Nacoulma Aminata P. , Compaoré Moussa , de Lorenzi Manuella , Kiendrebeogo Martin , Nacoulma Odile G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPlant galls are widely distributed, and their extracts are used in traditional medicine worldwide. Traditional remedies containing extracts of plant galls in China, India and some African countries have effective in the treatment of various pathologies. To open a new promising procedure for screening bioactive compounds from plant galls, standardized plant materials were generated in vitro and used for phytochemical and biological investigations. Methanol aqueous chloroform and hexane extracts of Nicotiana tabacum leafy galls induced by Rhodococcus fascians were used to evaluate phenolic and flavonoid contents, and to investigate antioxidant activity by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant/power assays and anti‐inflammatory activity by the lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Infection by R. fascians modifies significantly the phytochemical profile of N. tabacum as well as its biological properties. The total polyphenolic content was increased (120–307%), and that of flavonoids was reduced (20–42.5%). Consequently, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of non‐infected tobacco extracts are significantly modified compared to plants treated with leafy gall extracts. This shows that infection by R. fascians favoured the production of anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compounds in N. tabacum. The study indicates the benefit of plant galls used in traditional medicines against various pathologies.
Primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes in South Asians — challenges and the way forward
Authors: Ambady R. , Snehalatha C. , Samith Shetty A. , Nanditha A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPreventing diabetes is of enormous value, particularly for the South Asian countries, which have a huge healthcare burden from the onslaught of the disease. Type 2 diabetes has been proved to be preventable using lifestyle changes, even in South Asians despite their heightened risk profile. Strategies to improve awareness about diabetes and translation of preventive measures by innovative, culturally specific programmes have to be implemented at national levels. Integrated involvement of the government, community, media, healthcare and education services, and financial support from national and international organizations, are required. South Asian countries have initiated national programmes for diabetes prevention and management. It is also encouraging to note that joint ventures between developed countries such as the USA, UK and other European countries and centres of excellence in South Asia have been initiated to develop large‐scale, community‐oriented, pragmatic intervention strategies.
Entrepôt Trade and Smuggling in West Africa: Benin, Togo and Nigeria
Authors: Golub Stephen S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOfficial trade statistics indicate very little intra‐African trade, but this is often because of the prevalence of unrecorded trade, particularly smuggling. This paper explores smuggling from Benin and Togo into Nigeria. Nigeria has very high import tariffs and bans on certain products. Togo and Benin have deliberately maintained low import barriers to facilitate an Entrepôt role vis‐à‐vis Nigeria and land‐locked Sahelian countries. Togo competes at a geographic disadvantage relative to Benin for access to the Nigerian market and compensates with lower transit taxes. The volume and composition of cross‐border trade is analysed using data obtained from Benin and Togo customs authorities, as well as interviews with traders and customs officials in both countries. Benin and to a lesser extent Togo are the origin of a very large volume of transshipment of precisely those products which are heavily protected in Nigeria, such as used cars, cloth and rice. It is common knowledge in Benin and Togo that these imports, although declared for domestic consumption or transit to other countries, are in fact overwhelmingly intended for Nigeria. Smuggling is a major source of income and employment in Benin and Togo, but provides a fragile and unreliable foundation for economic development.
The Politics of Japan–China Trade and the Role of the World Trade System
Authors: Armstrong Shiro P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe large and rapidly growing trade relationship between Japan and China has occurred against a backdrop of political tensions. This study measures performance of the trade relationship, benchmarking it against other trade flows worldwide, and examines the impact of the politics on bilateral trade performance. To do this, a frontier gravity model is estimated using core determinants of trade. This gives a benchmark against which to measure trade performance, explained using resistances to trade. While the economic relationship is not independent from the politics, an important conclusion is that trade has not been diminished or disturbed by politics to a significant extent. China’s commitment to the global trading system from the mid‐1980s and its accession to the WTO in 2001 has meant that tensions in the political relationship with Japan from time to time have not derailed, but rather have increasingly come to be dominated, by the economic relationship.