bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staying in nursing: what factors determine whether nurses intend to remain employed?
Authors: Carter Matthew R. , Tourangeau Ann E. 
Published: March 2012

carter m.r. & tourangeau a.e. (2012) Staying in nursing: what factors determine whether nurses intend to remain employed?. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(7), 1589–1600.AbstractAim.  To test a model of eight thematic determinants of whether nurses intend to remain in nursing roles.Background.  Despite the dramatic increase in the supply of nurses in England over the past decade, a combination of the economic downturn, funding constraints and more generally an ageing nursing population means that healthcare organizations are likely to encounter long‐term problems in the recruitment and retention of nursing staff.Design.  Survey.Method.  Data were collected from a large staff survey conducted in the National Health Service in England between September–December 2009. A multi‐level model was tested using MPlus statistical software on a sub‐sample of 16,707 nurses drawn from 167 healthcare organizations.Results.  Findings were generally supportive of the proposed model. Nurses who reported being psychologically engaged with their jobs reported a lower intention to leave their current job. The perceived availability of developmental opportunities, being able to achieve a good work‐life balance and whether nurses’ encountered work pressures were also influencing factors on their turnover intentions. However, relationships formed with colleagues and patients displayed comparatively small relationships with turnover intentions.Conclusion.  The focus at the local level needs to be on promoting employee engagement by equipping staff with the resources (physical and monetary) and control to enable them to perform their tasks to standards they aspire to and creating a work environment where staff are fully involved in the wider running of their organizations, communicating to staff that patient care is important and the top priority of the organization.
Fathers’ emotional involvement with the neonate: impact of the umbilical cord cutting experience
Authors: Brandão Sónia , Figueiredo Bárbara 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAims.  This paper is a report on a study analysing the effect of the umbilical cord cutting experience on fathers’ emotional involvement with their infants.Background.  Participation in childbirth offers an opportunity for father and mother to share the childbirth experience, so it is vital that midwives improve the fathers’ participation in this event.Design.  A quasi‐experimental study with a quantitative methodology was implemented.Methods.  One hundred and five fathers were recruited as part of a convenience sample in a Maternity Public Hospital in a Metropolitan City in Portugal, between January and May of 2008. The Bonding Scale, the Portuguese version of the ‘Mother‐to‐Infant Bonding Scale’ was used to evaluate the fathers’ emotional involvement with the neonate at different moments: before childbirth, first day after childbirth and first month after childbirth. After childbirth, the fathers were divided into three separate groups depending on their umbilical cord cutting experience.Results.  The results demonstrate that the emotional involvement between father and child tends to increase during the first days after childbirth and to decrease when evaluated 1 month after birth, for fathers who did not cut the umbilical cord. However, fathers who cut the umbilical cord demonstrate an improvement in emotional involvement 1 month later.Conclusion.  Results suggest that the umbilical cord cutting experience benefits the father’s emotional involvement with the neonate, supporting the benefits of his participation and empowerment in childbirth.
Social exclusion and people with intellectual disabilities: a rural–urban comparison
Authors: Nicholson L. , Cooper S.‐A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Research suggests that social exclusion is a problem both for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and for people living in rural areas. This may give rise to a double disadvantage for people with ID living in rural areas. Conversely, aspects of rural life such as community spirit and social support may protect against social exclusion in this population. This study was designed to compare a number of measures of social exclusion in adults with ID living in rural and urban areas, with the aim of identifying whether a double disadvantage exists.Method  Adults with ID were recruited from a rural and an urban area in Scotland. Participants participated in a face‐to‐face interview and their medical notes were accessed. Social exclusion was investigated using a number of measures comprising: daytime opportunities and physical access to community facilities (using part of the British Institute of Learning Disabilities questionnaire), recent contact with others and the quality of personal relationships (using a modified Interview Measure of Social Relationships questionnaire) and area deprivation by postcode (using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation). The data were analysed using a series of binary logistic regression models that adjusted for variables including age, gender, level of ID, mental illhealth and common physical co‐morbidities.Results  A representative sample of adults with ID from rural (n = 39) and urban (n = 633) areas participated. Participants from rural areas were significantly more likely to have any regular daytime opportunity [odds ratio (OR) = 10.8, 95% CI = 2.3–51.5] including employment (OR = 22.1, 95% CI = 5.7–85.5) and attending resource centres (OR = 6.7, 95% CI = 2.6–17.2) than were participants from urban areas. They were also more likely to have been on holiday (OR = 17.8, 95% CI = 4.9–60.1); however, were less likely to use community facilities on a regular basis. Participants from urban and rural areas had a similar number of contacts with other people in a wide range of situations, but the quality of relationships may have been less close in rural areas. Finally, participants lived in significantly less deprived areas when in rural compared with urban areas (Mann–Whitney U = 7826, Z = −3.675, P ≤ 0.001).Conclusions  These results suggest that adults with ID living in rural areas have better opportunities and live in less deprived areas than adults with ID living in urban areas. However, they may not hold such positive or close relationships, and this may be important when considering the subjective experience of social exclusion.
In‐car countermeasures open window and music revisited on the real road: popular but hardly effective against driver sleepiness
Authors: SCHWARZ JOHANNA F. A. , INGRE MICHAEL , FORS CARINA , ANUND ANNA , KECKLUND GÖRAN , TAILLARD JACQUES , PHILIP PIERRE , ÅKERSTEDT TORBJÖRN 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of two very commonly used countermeasures against driver sleepiness, opening the window and listening to music, on subjective and physiological sleepiness measures during real road driving. In total, 24 individuals participated in the study. Sixteen participants received intermittent 10‐min intervals of: (i) open window (2 cm opened); and (ii) listening to music, during both day and night driving on an open motorway. Both subjective sleepiness and physiological sleepiness (blink duration) was estimated to be significantly reduced when subjects listened to music, but the effect was only minor compared with the pronounced effects of night driving and driving duration. Open window had no attenuating effect on either sleepiness measure. No significant long‐term effects beyond the actual countermeasure application intervals occurred, as shown by comparison to the control group (n = 8). Thus, despite their popularity, opening the window and listening to music cannot be recommended as sole countermeasures against driver sleepiness.
Effects of Incubation Temperature and Semen Pooling on the Viability of Fresh, Chilled and Freeze‐Thawed Canine Semen Samples
Authors: Batista M , Santana M , Alamo D , González F , Niño T , Cabrera F , Gracia A 
Published: March 2012

ContentsThis study assessed the effects of different incubation temperatures on semen viability and the influence of pooling on semen longevity. In experiment 1, semen samples were collected from five dogs, individually processed (individual semen: IS) and then aliquots from each male were pooled (pooled semen: PS). Semen samples (IS and PS) were diluted in a Tris‐glucose‐yolk extender and preserved as fresh (37 and 25°C) and chilled semen (4°C). Sperm motility and the percentages of sperm abnormalities and acrosome membrane integrity were assessed for 24 h. Storage at 25 or 4°C for the first 24 h yielded similar semen quality, but incubation at 37°C caused drastic reduction in sperm motility from 8 h of incubation onwards. In experiment 2, the semen was processed in the same way to that of experiment 1 and then preserved at 25 or 4°C until semen inactivation. Semen that was incubated at 25°C became completely inactive after 3–4 days of storage, while semen that was preserved at 4°C presented with more gradually decreased sperm motility (mean values of 40–60% for the first 8 days). In addition, the mixing of semen was only observed to influence the sperm quality of the samples stored at 4°C. In experiment 3, semen was collected from five dogs, pooled and frozen in liquid nitrogen; after thawing, it was preserved at 37, 25, 15 and 4°C, and the sperm quality was defined. The motility of the freeze‐thawed semen samples decreased quickly in the first 4 h after thawing, regardless of the preservation temperature of the thawed semen. This study confirmed that semen preserved at 37°C should be used within a maximum of 12 h, while the semen stored at 25°C shows acceptable quality for 24 h. Chilled semen presented highest most sustainable quality, especially when semen is processed as pooled semen.
Clomiphene citrate is safe and effective for long‐term management of hypogonadism
Authors: Moskovic Daniel J. , Katz Darren J. , Akhavan Ardavan , Park Kelly , Mulhall John P. 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Therapy (population cohort)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Clomiphene citrate (CC) has previously been documented to be efficacious in the treatment of hypogonadism. However little is known about the long term efficacy and safety of CC. Our study demonstrates that CC is efficacious after 3 years of therapy. Testosterone levels and bone mineral density measurement improved significantly and were sustained over this prolonged period. Subjective improvements were also demonstrated. No adverse events were reported.OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and safety of long‐term clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy in symptomatic patients with hypogonadism (HG).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Serum T, oestradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in patients who were treated with CC for over 12 months.
Additionally, bone densitometry (BD) results were collected for all patients. Demographic, comorbidity, treatment and Androgen Deficiency in Aging Men (ADAM) score data were also recorded.
Comparison was made between baseline and post‐treatment variables, and multivariable analysis was conducted to define predictors of successful response to CC.
The main outcome measures were predictors of response and long‐term results with long‐term CC therapy in hypogonadal patients.
RESULTS
The 46 patients (mean age 44 years) had baseline serum testosterone (T) levels of 228 ng/dL.
Follow‐up T levels were 612 ng/dL at 1 year, 562 ng/dL at 2 years, and 582 ng/dL at 3 years (P < 0.001).
Mean femoral neck and lumbar spine BD scores improved significantly.
ADAM scores (and responses) fell from a baseline of 7 to a nadir of 3 after 1 year.
No adverse events were reported by any patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Clomiphene citrate is an effective long‐term therapy for HG in appropriate patients.
The drug raises T levels substantially in addition to improving other manifestations of HG such as osteopenia/osteoporosis and ADAM symptoms.
Pawns or Pioneers? The Logic of User Participation in Anti‐poverty Policy‐making in Public Policy Units in Belgium
Authors: Roets Griet , Roose Rudi , De Bie Maria , Claes Lien , van Hove Geert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSince anti‐poverty policy‐making in Belgium is embedded in a logic of user participation, social policy has shown interest in employing users with experience of poverty as experts in public policy units in order to implement and monitor anti‐poverty policies. In this article, we discuss this recent development as a relevant case for contemporary public service delivery in the European context. In the light of the ambiguous practices of user participation in Belgium, the enacted logic of involving service users in public service delivery is discussed, and potential risks and opportunities identified: do these individuals function as pawns or as pioneers? In search of opportunities for the implementation of anti‐poverty policies, we explore different ways in which public policy units can act upon the participation of employed service users in public service delivery. On the level of public service delivery, we argue that the participation of expert users risks their use as a mere blind, de‐responsibilizing those who work in public policy units in providing high‐quality services and being responsive to all service users including those living in poverty. On the level of these individual experts, we argue that the employed service users risk becoming pawns, acquiring a tragic‐optimistic outlook on life.We conclude that enabling service users to participate as pioneers requires the joint and mutual responsibility of the employed service users and those who work in public policy units for implementing and monitoring anti‐poverty strategies rather than exclusive responsibility assigned to individual service users.
Regional variations in human patellar trabecular architecture and the structure of the quadriceps enthesis: a cadaveric study
Authors: Toumi Hechmi , Larguech Gaith , Filaire Edith , Pinti Antonio , Lespessailles Eric 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe investigated whether there were regional differences in the quadriceps enthesis and the patella bone structure that could suggest unequal force transmission to the patella. Quadriceps tendon enthesis was removed by cutting the patellae transversally in the middle and the quadriceps tendon approximately 1 cm from the bone. Tissues were post‐fixed, decalcified, dehydrated through and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial longitudinal sections were cut, mounted on glass slides at 1‐mm intervals and slides were stained. Trabecular architecture was analysed from digital images taken from the histological slides, and regional differences at the enthesis in the thickness of the uncalcified fibrocartilage and the cortical zone of calcified tissue (calcified cartilage and lamellar bone) were evaluated. At the quadriceps enthesis, the thickness of the cortical zone of calcified tissue was significantly greater in the central part of the enthesis than medially and laterally. The trabeculae were thicker in the central and lateral parts compared with the medial region. Similarly, the zone of uncalcified fibrocartilage was thicker laterally and centrally than medially. Bone structure and the thickness of uncalcified fibrocartilage presented a similarity between the centre and the lateral parts; however, the medial side was different. We suggest that the mechanical stress at the proximal quadriceps tendon enthesis is higher laterally and centrally compared with medially. This could induce a lateral patellar translation, which is potentially a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis.
Biofunctionalization of the implant surface with different concentrations of a synthetic peptide (P‐15)
Authors: Lutz R. , Prechtl C. , Nonhoff J. , Weisel T. , Damien C. J. , Schlegel K. A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at identifying the ideal concentration of a biofunctional surface coating of dental implants with a synthetic peptide (P‐15). In a previous study, P‐15 was shown to enhance osseointegration parameters.Material and methodsImplants (modified ANKYLOS® A8; FRIADENT Plus® surface) with five different concentrations (0–400 μg/ml) of a P‐15 coating as well as uncoated controls were inserted in the frontal bone of 45 adult domestic pigs. The histomorphometric and microradiographic findings for the coated implants were compared to those for the uncoated ones after 7, 14, and 30 days.ResultsNo significant differences were observed comparing the peri‐implant bone density between the coated and uncoated implants The bone‐to‐implant contact, as the primary histological parameter for osseointegration, showed high rates for all surfaces investigated (between 73.3 ± 17.9% for the control and 81.9 ± 15.2% for P15 20 μg/ml after 30 days).ConclusionsNo significant benefit on osseointegration of a biofunctional P‐15 coating of dental implants could be displayed in the present study.
Effect of Sample Storage on Blood Crossmatching in Horses
Authors: Harris M. , Nolen‐Walston R. , Ashton W. , May M. , Jackson K. , Boston R. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundBlood samples banked for up to 1 month are typically used to perform pretransfusion testing in humans and small animals, but this has not been validated using blood from horses.HypothesisCompatibility of equine blood samples is repeatable using fresh samples, and reproducible using donor blood samples stored for up to 4 weeks.AnimalsSix healthy adult horses.MethodsRandomized, blinded experimental study. Immunologic compatibility of the blood of all horses was assessed using a major and minor saline agglutination and hemolysin crossmatch using blood samples refrigerated for 0–4 weeks and fresh blood from the same horses. Crossmatch results were scored and then compared to identify changes of compatibility in each of the 4 tests. In addition, repeatability of the crossmatch technique itself was assessed by performing 6 iterations of this procedure in immediate succession with fresh blood from 3 horses.ResultsNo significant difference in crossmatch results was found using fresh blood (P = .39–1.00). Reproducibility was poor using blood stored for 1–4 weeks, especially in tests using stored erythrocytes (major antigen crossmatches), with significant differences from baseline at all weeks (P < .05); 13 of these differences were positive, indicating poorer compatibility.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEquine blood crossmatching is repeatable using fresh blood, although decreased apparent compatibility after storage makes exclusion of compatible donors more likely than mistaken administration of incompatible blood. These data suggest that fresh samples should be collected from potential donors before crossmatching equine blood.
An emplacement mechanism for the mega‐block zone within the Chicxulub crater, (Yucatán, Mexico) based on chemostratigraphy
Authors: BELZA Joke , GODERIS Steven , KEPPENS Eddy , VANHAECKE Frank , CLAEYS Philippe 
Published: March 2012

Abstract– To better constrain the emplacement mechanism of the so‐called “mega‐block zone,” a structurally complex unit of target rocks within the Chicxulub impact structure, the stratigraphic coherence of this zone is tested using its strontium isotopic composition. Forty‐eight samples across the 616 m sequence of deformed Cretaceous rocks in the lower part of the Yaxcopoil‐1 core, drilled by ICDP in 2002, were analyzed for their 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio. The oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2 event), located near the base of the core forms the only stratigraphic anchor point. From this point upward to approximately 1050 m depth, the 87Sr/86Sr trend shows small oscillations, between approximately 0.7074 and 0.7073, characteristic of Cenomanian to Santonian values. This is followed by an increase to approximately 0.7075, similar to the one reported in the seawater strontium curve during the Campanian. Scattered Sr isotope ratios are attributed to local diagenetic effects, such as those expected from the possible presence of hot, impact‐induced dikes and hydrothermal fluid flow, originating from the thick central melt sheet. The absence of Upper Maastrichtian Sr isotope values may result from the removal of upper target lithologies during the impact cratering process. Based on these results, the displaced Cretaceous sequence in Yax‐1 appears to have preserved its stratigraphic coherence. During the modification stage, it probably moved as a whole into the annular basin during collapse of the crater wall, thereby breaking up into discrete units along previously weakened detachment zones. This model is consistent with the emplacement mechanism postulated by Kenkmann et al. (2004).
Physical activity vs. sedentary time: independent associations with adiposity in children
Authors: Chaput J.‐P. , Lambert M. , Mathieu M.‐E. , Tremblay M. S. , O' Loughlin J. , Tremblay A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the independent associations between objectively measured levels of movement intensity (i.e. time spent sedentary and at light, moderate and vigorous intensities) and indicators of adiposity in a cohort of Canadian children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 550 Caucasian children aged 8–10 years with at least one obese biological parent. Physical activity and sedentary time (accelerometer over 7 d) and indicators of adiposity (% body fat measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and waist‐to‐height ratio) were objectively measured. We examined the associations between levels of movement intensity and adiposity in multi‐level linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, sleep duration, energy intake, sexual maturation, parental socioeconomic status and parental body mass index.ResultsObjectively measured sedentary time was not associated with adiposity indicators in this cohort (unadjusted and adjusted models). However, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was inversely associated with % body fat (adj. β = −0.047; P = 0.02) and waist‐to‐height ratio (adj. β = −0.071; P < 0.001), independent of sedentary time and other covariates. Additionally, we observed that children who did not accumulate ≥60 min d−1 of MVPA were more likely to be overweight or obese compared to those who met the recommendation (odds ratio [OR] 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–3.38). In contrast, there was no difference in the likelihood of being categorized as overweight or obese between those who met the recommendation of ≤2 h d−1 of screen time and those who did not meet this recommendation (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.75–2.01).ConclusionThe present study suggests that MVPA is independently associated with adiposity indices in this sample of children while sedentary time is not. Future studies should examine the best approach to increase MVPA in children and youth.