bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to develop sustainable water management strategies for an uncertain future
Authors: Haasnoot M. , Middelkoop H. , van Beek E. , van Deursen W. P. A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopment of sustainable water management strategies involves identification of vulnerability and adaptation possibilities, followed by an effect analysis of these adaptation strategies under different possible futures. Recent scenario studies on water management were mainly ‘what‐if’ assessments in one or two future situations. The future is, however, more complex and dynamic. It involves general trends and unexpected events in both the water and the social system. Moreover, the two systems interact: society responds to events and the state of the water system changes in response to management. In this paper we discuss a transdisciplinary approach. Key elements in the concept are (1) the model of pressure, state, impact and response, (2) the Perspectives method to consider uncertainties of social and natural systems and (3) the evaluation of the system using transient scenarios in which we consider time series of trends, events and interaction between the water system and society. The effect analysis is executed with an integrated assessment meta‐model based on simple cause–effect relations and response curves. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A method to explore social response for sustainable water management strategies under changing conditions
Authors: Offermans Astrid , Haasnoot Marjolijn , Valkering Pieter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSociety aims at sustainable water management, which means that it is effective (meeting targets for people, planet and profit), robust (able to cope with uncertainties) and flexible (easily adaptable to changing conditions). The past has demonstrated that extreme weather events and their impacts are important triggers for adaptations in water management. Furthermore, societal changes or events lead to changes in perception of desired situations, goals, and valuation of costs and benefits. Insight into the dynamic nature of societal perspectives and responses provides information about the (non‐) support and sustainability of water management strategies. The method presented here comprises the ‘Perspectives method’, derived from Cultural Theory to classify, analyze and explore present and future perspectives and according social response. These are presented in a so‐called perspective map. We illustrate the method with a historic example of the river Meuse. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Mesenchymal Cells Appearing in Pancreatic Tissue Culture Are Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells With the Capacity to Improve Transplanted Islet Function
Authors: Sordi Valeria , Melzi Raffaella , Mercalli Alessia , Formicola Roberta , Doglioni Claudio , Tiboni Francesca , Ferrari Giuliana , Nano Rita , Chwalek Karolina , Lammert Eckhard , Bonifacio Ezio , Piemonti Lorenzo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Adherent fibroblast-like cells have been reported to appear in cultures of human endocrine or exocrine pancreatic tissue during attempts to differentiate human β cells from pancreatic precursors. A thorough characterization of these mesenchymal cells has not yet been completed, and there are no conclusive data about their origin. We demonstrated that the human mesenchymal cells outgrowing from cultured human pancreatic endocrine or exocrine tissue are pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells (pMSC) that propagate from contaminating pMSC. The origin of pMSC is partly extrapancreatic both in humans and mice, and by using green fluorescent protein (GFP+) bone marrow transplantation in the mouse model, we were able to demonstrate that these cells derive from the CD45+ component of bone marrow. The pMSC express negligible levels of islet-specific genes both in basal conditions and after serum deprivation or exogenous growth factor exposure, and might not represent optimal candidates for generation of physiologically competent β-cells. On the other hand, when cotransplanted with a minimal pancreatic islet mass, pMSC facilitate the restoration of normoglycemia and the neovascularization of the graft. These results suggest that pMSCs could exert an indirect role of “helper” cells in tissue repair processes.
The pattern of neuronal loss and survival may reflect differential expression of proteasome activators in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mcnaught Kevin St.P. , Jnobaptiste Ruth , Jackson Tehone , Jengelley Toni‐Ann 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe basis of neuronal vulnerability, degeneration, and sparing in PD are unknown, but there is increasing evidence to suggest that the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. In this study, we employed an immunocytochemical approach to determine if the differential expression of key UPS components in various brain regions and cells might underlie the pattern of neuronal degeneration and survival seen in PD. We showed that the ubiquitin activating enzyme (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (E2), and 26/20S proteasome α‐ and β‐subunits, are abundantly expressed in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and in cultured dopaminergic neurons. Although the proteasome activator PA700 is expressed in the medial SNc, levels are low in the lateral region, and expression of the other proteasome activator, PA28, is near absent in the entire SNc. PA28 (but not PA700) was found to be poorly expressed in noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) compared with adjacent cells in the mesencephalic nucleus. PA700 and PA28 are also poorly expressed in dopaminergic neurons compared with other cell types in culture. Inhibition of proteasomal function, generation of misfolded proteins, induction of oxidative stress or impairment of mitochondrial complex I activity, caused a compensatory upregulation in PA700 and PA28 in a variety of cells but not in dopaminergic neurons in culture. These findings are consistent with the demonstration that, in sporadic PD, proteasomal activity and levels of PA700/PA28 are reduced in the SNc butare markedly upregulated in regions/cells that are spared from the neurodegenerative process. Thus, the differential distribution and activity of proteasome activations could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PD. Synapse 64:241–250, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Car wars: Factors underlying the success or failure of new car programs
Authors: Hanawalt Edward S. , Rouse William B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the factors responsible for success or failure of an automobile through a case study analysis of 10 product successes and 10 product failures in the United States auto market over the last 50 years. Through the creation and analysis of twenty case studies we have generated a first listing of 14 factors driving success or failure. Seven experts assessed the extent to which these factors were associated with each automobile. Their assessments indicate that the product development system of new automobiles, particularly those that are highly successful, is often born from financial and corporate responses to market crisis. The target segment of a new entry in the automotive market and its development process as they are adapted to economic conditions in the marketplace, coupled with leadership, are central success factors. The role of these factors play in the success of automobiles is discussed in the context of several case studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 13
Facile synthesis of functional polyperoxides by radical alternating copolymerization of 1,3‐dienes with oxygen
Authors: Sato Eriko , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have developed a facile synthesis of degradable polyperoxides by the radical alternating copolymerization of 1,3‐diene monomers with molecular oxygen at an atmospheric pressure. In this review, the synthesis, the degradation behavior, and the applications of functional polyperoxides are summarized. The alkyl sorbates as the conjugated 1,3‐dienes gave a regiospecific alternating copolymer by exclusive 5,4‐addition during polymerization and the resulting polyperoxides decomposed by the homolysis of a peroxy linkage followed by successive β‐scissions. The preference of 5,4‐addition was well rationalized by theoretical calculations. The degradation of the polyperoxides occurred with various stimuli, such as heating, UV irradiation, a redox reaction with amines, and an enzyme reaction. The various functional polyperoxides were synthesized by following two methods, one is the direct copolymerization of functional 1,3‐dienes, and the other is the functionalization of the precursor polyperoxides. Water soluble polyperoxides were also prepared, and the LCST behavior and the application to a drug carrier in the drug delivery system were investigated. In order to design various types of degradable polymers and gels we developed a method for the introduction of dienyl groups into the precursor polymers. The resulting dienyl‐functionalized polymers were used for the degradable gels. The degradable branched copolymers showed a microphase‐separated structure, which changed owing to the degradation of the polyperoxide segments. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 000–000; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900009
The relative effects and equity of inquiry‐based and commonplace science teaching on students' knowledge, reasoning, and argumentation
Authors: Wilson Christopher D. , Taylor Joseph A. , Kowalski Susan M. , Carlson Janet 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe conducted a laboratory‐based randomized control study to examine the effectiveness of inquiry‐based instruction. We also disaggregated the data by student demographic variables to examine if inquiry can provide equitable opportunities to learn. Fifty‐eight students aged 14–16 years old were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups of students were taught toward the same learning goals by the same teacher, with one group being taught from inquiry‐based materials organized around the BSCS 5E Instructional Model, and the other from materials organized around commonplace teaching strategies as defined by national teacher survey data. Students in the inquiry‐based group reached significantly higher levels of achievement than students experiencing commonplace instruction. This effect was consistent across a range of learning goals (knowledge, reasoning, and argumentation) and time frames (immediately following the instruction and 4 weeks later). The commonplace science instruction resulted in a detectable achievement gap by race, whereas the inquiry‐based materials instruction did not. We discuss the implications of these findings for the body of evidence on the effectiveness of teaching science as inquiry; the role of instructional models and curriculum materials in science teaching; addressing achievement gaps; and the competing demands of reform and accountability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:276–301, 2010
Liver functional reserve estimation: state of the art and relevance for local treatments
Authors: Manizate Fotini , Hiotis Spiros P. , Labow Daniel , Roayaie Sasan , Schwartz Myron 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMore than 90% of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develop as a consequence of underlying liver disease (most commonly viral hepatitis), often resulting in impaired liver function. In such cases, transplantation is an appealing alternative as it can potentially cure both the malignancy and the underlying disease. When transplant is not readily available due to organ scarcity, borderline cases must be considered for resection. The function of the underlying liver can be assessed by the Child Pugh score or by quantitative tests such as indocyanine green (ICG) clearance, metabolism of lidocaine to the metabolite MEG‐X, and the arterial body ketone ratio (AKBR); liver biopsy pathology scoring and the platelet count can serve as indicators of fibrosis and portal hypertension. Another important factor to be considered is the risk of tumor recurrence, either because of unrecognized metastasis or due to de‐novo tumor formation. Both factors must be considered in weighing resection against nonsurgical alternatives. Preoperative portal vein embolization is a strategy that can evoke regeneration in anticipation of surgery, serving as a “stress test” of the liver's regenerative capacity.
A case of primary psoas abscess presenting as buttock abscess
Authors: Yoo Jae Ho , Kim Eung Ha , Song Hyun Seok , Cha Jang Gyu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractButtock abscess is a rare clinical manifestation from unusual extrapelvic extension of psoas abscess. A 48-year-old woman presented with painful swelling of the buttock with a sense of local heat. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large subfascial abscess over the glutei muscles and was traced into the intraabdominal cavity over the iliac wing to the psoas muscle. Both the psoas abscess and the buttock abscess were evacuated via separate approaches. Empirical antibiotic therapy was delivered for 3 weeks. After 6 months, no evidence of recurrence was found. Psoas abscess could be included in the differential diagnosis of buttock abscess.
PDH E1β deficiency with novel mutations in two patients with Leigh syndrome
Authors: Quintana E. , Mayr J. A. , García Silva M. T. , Font A. , Tortoledo M. A. , Moliner S. , Ozaez L. , Lluch M. , Cabello A. , Ricoy J. R. , Koch J. , Ribes A. , Sperl W. , Briones P. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryMost cases of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) deficiency are attributable to mutations in the PDHA1 gene which encodes the E1α subunit, with few cases of mutations in the genes for E3, E3BP (E3 binding protein), E2 and E1‐phosphatase being reported. Only seven patients with deficiency of the E1β subunit have been described, with mutations in the PDHB gene in six of them. Clinically they presented with a non‐specific encephalomyopathy. We report two patients with new mutations in PDHB and Leigh syndrome. Patient 1 was a boy with neonatal onset of hyperlactataemia, corpus callosum hypoplasia and a convulsive encephalopathy. After neurological deterioration, he died at age 5 months. Autopsy revealed the characteristic features of Leigh syndrome. Patient 2, also a boy, presented a milder clinical course. First symptoms were noticed at age 16 months with muscular hypotonia, lactic acidosis and recurrent episodes of somnolence and transient tetraparesis. MRI revealed bilateral signal hyperintensities in the globus pallidus, midbrain and crura cerebri. PDHc and E1 activities were deficient in fibroblasts in patient 1; in patient 2 PDHc deficiency was found in skeletal muscle. Mutations in PDHA1 were excluded. Sequencing of PDHB revealed a homozygous point mutation (c.302T>C), causing a predicted amino acid change (p.M101T) in patient 1. Patient 2 is compound heterozygote for mutations c.301A>G (p.M101V) and c.313G>A (p.R105Q). All three mutations appear to destabilize the E1 enzyme with a decrease of both E1α and E1β subunits in immunoblot analysis. To our knowledge, these patients with novel PDHB mutations are the first reported with Leigh syndrome.
The value of focused assessment with sonography in trauma examination for the need for operative intervention in blunt torso trauma: a rebuttal to “emergency ultrasound-based algorithms for diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma (review)”, from the Cochrane Collaboration
Authors: Melniker Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground and significanceThe Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews published a manuscript critical of the use of the FAST examination. The reference is Stengel D. Bauwens K. Sehouli J. Rademacher G. Mutze S. Ekkernkamp A. Porzsolt F. Emergency ultrasound-based algorithms for diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (2):CD004446, 2005.UI: 15846717. The stated objective was the assessment of the “efficiency and effectiveness” of ultrasound-inclusive evaluative algorithms in patients with suspected blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). The primary outcome measures explored were Mortality, CT and DPL use, and laparotomy rates. Little or no benefit was seen and the conclusion was that “there is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials to justify promotion” of FAST in patients with BAT. While the review used the same rigorous methods employed in all Cochrane Reviews, it appears that several serious flaws plagued the manuscript. The finest methodological rigor cannot yield usable results, if it is not applied to a clinically relevant question. In a world of increasingly conservative management of BAT, do we need FAST, a rapid, repeatable screening modality at the point-of-care to visualize any amount of free fluid or any degree of organ injury? The obvious answer is no. However, quantifying the value of FAST to predict the need for immediate operative intervention (OR) is essential.MethodsTo rebut this recurrent review, a systematic literature review was conducted using verbatim methodologies as described in the Cochrane Review with the exception of telephone contacts. Data were tabulated and presented descriptively.ResultsOut of 487 citations, 163 articles were fully screened, 11 contained prospectively derived data with FAST results, patient disposition and final diagnoses, and a description of cases considered false negatives or false positives. Of the 2,755 patients, 448 (16%) went to the OR. There were a total of 5 patients with legitimately false-negative diagnoses made based on the FAST: 3 involving inadequate scans and 2 of blunt trauma-induced small bowel perforations without hemoperitoneum.ConclusionThe FAST examination, adequately completed, is a nearly perfect test for predicting a “Need for OR” in patients with blunt torso trauma.
Shading the truth: The patterning of adolescents' decisions to avoid issues, disclose, or lie to parents☆
Authors: Cumsille Patricio , Darling Nancy , Martínez M. Loreto 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTLatent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to examine the patterning of adolescents' strategy choice when discussing issues with parents in a sample of 1678 Chilean 11–19 year olds (mean age = 14.9). Adolescents reported whether they fully disclosed, partially disclosed, avoided the issue, or lied for six core areas that bridged personal autonomy and safety concerns. Five patterns were identified: two in which adolescents were likely to either share information about all issues or lie about them and three in which adolescents used a combination of strategies that included sharing some information while concealing other. Membership in the full disclosure class was highest among middle class youth and those who reported the highest obedience, legitimacy beliefs, parental agreement, maternal warmth and knowledge, and the fewest problem behaviors. Interestingly, adolescents in the Lie class reported both the highest level of parental monitoring and low maternal knowledge.
11C-PIB PET in subjective cognitive impairment
Authors: Rodda J. , Okello A. , Edison P. , Dannhauser T. , Brooks D.J. , Walker Z. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPeople with Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI) may be at increased risk of dementia. In this study we examined amyloid load in 5 SCI subjects and 14 controls using PIB PET scanning. One SCI subject had significantly increased PIB retention in the cortical areas of interest. Larger, longitudinal studies are indicated.
Study of the psychometric qualities of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) in Brazilian university students
Authors: Osório F.L. , Crippa J.A.S. , Loureiro S.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPurposeTo perform a psychometric analysis of the Brazilian version of the Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS).Materials and methodsHundred and seventy-eight university students of both genders aged on average 21.2 years and identified as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) cases and non-cases was studied, with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV being used as a parameter. The different instruments were applied in an individual manner in the presence of a rater and of an observer.ResultsThe BSPS showed adequate internal consistency (0.48–0.88) and concurrent and divergent validity with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (0.21–0.62), Social Phobia Inventory (0.24–0.82) and Self Statements During Public Speaking Scale (SSPS) (0.23–0.31). Discriminative validity revealed a sensitivity of 0.88–0.90 and a specificity of 0.81(0.83 for cut-off notes of 18/19. Factorial analysis demonstrated the presence of six factors that jointly explained 71.79% of data variance. Construct validity indicated some limits of the scale regarding the diagnosis of SAD. Inter-rater reliability was strong (0.86–1.00,p< 0.001).ConclusionsThe BSPS is adequate for use with university students, although further studies in different cultures, samples and contexts are still necessary.
Caregiver psychoeducation for first-episode psychosis
Authors: McWilliams Stephen , Egan Patrick , Jackson Deirdre , Renwick Laoise , Foley Sharon , Behan Caragh , Fitzgerald Emma , Fetherston Alastair , Turner Niall , Kinsella Anthony , O’Callaghan Eadbhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroductionInternational best-practice guidelines for the management of first-episode psychosis have recommended the provision of psychoeducation for multifamily groups. While there is ample evidence of their efficacy in multiepisode psychosis, there is a paucity of evidence supporting this approach specifically for first-episode psychosis. We sought to determine whether a six-week caregiver psychoeducation programme geared specifically at first-episode psychosis improves caregiver knowledge and attitudes.MethodsCaregivers of people with first-episode psychosis completed a 23-item adapted version of the self-report Family Questionnaire (KQ) and a 17-item adapted version of the self-report Drug Attitudes Inventory (DAI) before and after the six-week DETECT Information and Support Course (DISC). Using a Generalised Linear Repeated Measures Model, we analyzed the differences in proportions of correct answers before and after the programme.ResultsOver a 24-month study period, 31 caregivers (13 higher socioeconomic; 13 lower socioeconomic; five unspecified socioeconomic; 19 female; 12 male) participated in the DISC programme and completed inventories before and after the course. Knowledge of psychosis and specific knowledge of medication treatment improved among caregivers overall (p < .01; effect sizes 0.78 and 0.94 respectively). There were no significant gender or socioeconomic differences in any improvement.DiscussionThis study confirms that caregiver psychoeducation specifically for first-episode psychosis directly improves knowledge of the illness overall and, in particular, knowledge of medication. Gender is not a factor in this, while the lack of any socioeconomic differences dispels the myth that patients in lower socioeconomic groups are disadvantaged because their caregivers know less.