bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Dynamic Young's Modulus and Dimensional Stability of Polyvinyl Alcohol Modified Batai Tropical Wood
Authors: Rahman M. R. , Islam M. S. , Hamdan S. , Jusoh I. , Ibrahim N. F. 
Published: May 2010

Batai tropical wood (paraserianthes moluccana) was impregnated with three levels of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions (25%, 50% and 75%) and the dynamic Young’s modulus, water absorption and dimensional stability of the manufactured wood polymer composites (WPC) were assessed. The modified wood polymer composites (WPC) were characterized by microstructural analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and free-free vibration testing. The dynamic Young’s modulus (Ed) was calculated using the free-free flexural vibration method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the absorption bands of raw wood to be 1627 cm-1 due to carbonyl stretching and WPC show increased absorption band near 1733 cm-1. WPC of 75% PVA solution exhibited improved dimensional stability and lower water absorption. The manufactured WPC yielded a higher Young’s modulus compared with the raw one. Keywords: Wood polymer composite; Tropical wood; Non-destructive testing. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2729 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 227-236 (2010)
A Fuzzy Logic Based Network Congestion Control Using Active Queue Management Techniques
Authors: Tabash I. K. , Mamun M. A. , Negi A. 
Published: May 2010

Conventional IP routers are passive devices that accept packets and perform the routing function on any input. Usually the tail-drop (TD) strategy is used where the input which exceeds the buffer capacity are simply dropped. In active queue management (AQM) methods routers manage their buffers by dropping packets selectively. We study one of the AQM methods called as random exponential marking (REM). We propose an intelligent approach to AQM based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to drop packets dynamically, keep the buffer size around desired level and also prevent buffer overflow. Our proposed approach is based on REM algorithm, which drops the packets by drop probability function. In our proposal we replace the drop probability function by a FLC to drop the packets, stabilize the buffer around the desired size and reduce delay. Simulation results show a better regulation of the buffer. Keywords: Random exponential marking; Active queue management; Fuzzy logic controller; Pro-active queue management. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.2786 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 273-284 (2010)
Microwave-assisted Efficient Synthesis of Isatins and <i>spiro</i>-Thiadiazolines under Green Chemistry Protocol
Authors: Hossain M. M. , Foysal M. A. , Mahabub M. , Amin Al- 
Published: May 2010

MW-assisted treatment of oximinoacetanilides obtained from substituted primary aromatic amines was carried out in conc. H2SO4 medium for 5-10 sec to give cyclic amides (isatins) through intramolecular cyclization by means of electrophilic aromatic substitution. Isatins reacted with thiosemicarbazide under MW-condition gave the corresponding Schiff-bases. The Schiff-bases undergo cyclization in presence of minimal Ac2O under MW-irradiation for 3-4 min to give the spiro-thiadiazoline acetyl derivatives in excellent yield. Keywords: Microwave-synthesis; Isatins; Schiff-base; spiro-Thiadiazoline; Green chemistry. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3731 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 322-329 (2010)
On the Hydromagnetic Stability of a Rotating Fluid Annulus
Authors: Jasmine H. A. 
Published: May 2010

The linear stability of a rotating fluid in the annulus between two concentric cylinders is investigated in the presence of a magnetic field which is azimuthal as well as in axial direction. Several results of MHD stability have been derived by using the inner product method. It is shown that when the swirl velocity component is large, the hydromagnetic effects become small compared with those due to swirl. The presence of a velocity field and imposed magnetic field will lead to the basic state to more stability. Keywords: Hydromagnetic Stability; Rotating Fluid. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3945 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 250-256 (2010)
Isolation of Yeasts from Various Food Products and Detection of Killer Toxin Activity <i>In vitro</i>
Authors: Dubash T. , Gupta S. , Prakash P. Y. , Bairy I. 
Published: May 2010

Yeasts produce killer toxin, which gives them a selective advantage against susceptible yeasts. In this study we isolated 8 various non-pathogenic yeasts from 12 different food products and detected killer toxin activity in them against a clinical isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans by chloroform exposure method. The experiment was performed in two sets that had 3 replicates each. The first set plates and the second set plates were exposed to chloroform once and twice respectively. Among the 8 yeasts, 5 yeasts namely Sachharomyces cerevisiae, Candida pintolopesii, Candida tropicalis, Pichia anomala and Dekkera spp. showed significant amount of killer toxin activity against Cryptococcus neoformans in all the replicates, followed by candida parapsilosis and Trichosporon asahii, which showed killer toxin activity only in two of the three replicates. Geotrichum candidum showed no killer toxin activity. Killer toxin activity was observed in vitro in non-pathogenic yeast strains against medically important Cryptococcus neoformans. Keywords: Yeasts; Killer toxin; Chloroform exposure. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4159 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 407-411 (2010)
Characterization and Synthesis of Some &alpha;, &beta;-unsaturated Ester Derivatives from Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Bari M. A. , Karim M.M. , Hoque M. M. , Miah M. A. J. 
Published: May 2010

Ethyl diazoacetate compound is useful synthetic intermediates for α, β-unsaturated ester in organic synthesis but, due to its toxicity and unpredictable explosive behaviour, its unique reactivity has not been fully exploited and the use on large scale has been avoided. We have developed a reliable method that generates EDA compound in situ. Our approach is based on the Wittig reaction, which utilizes EDA as diazo precursors. In the presence of Cu(OTf)2, we found that diazo compounds can be cleanly converted to alkenyl compounds under mild reaction conditions and in a narrow range of solvents. These diazo compounds can then be induced to react directly with aldehydes to synthesize olefin. We have shown the usefulness of this chemistry in a number of different transformations, such as Wittig olefination reactions chemistry as applied toward the synthesis of more complicated molecules. Keywords: α, β-unsaturated ester; Acryclic acid ethyl ester; Aliphatic aldehyde; Cu(II) triflate; Triphenylphosphine. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4167 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 343-350 (2010)
Assessment of the Anabolic Effect of Androgens of the Edible Portion of the Shoot of Giginya Plant (<i>Borassus aethiopum</i> mart)
Authors: Akinniyia J. A. , Waziri M. , Usman H. S. 
Published: May 2010

The young shoot of the germinating fruit of Borassus aethiopum mart locally called Muruchi was evaluated for anabolic effects using spectrophotometric techniques and administration of the Muruchi extract to experimental animals. The growth rate, blood amino acid nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen levels were monitored twenty four hourly during the growth trial period of twenty eight days conducted on growing rabbits (lapine species). Results of the study revealed strong comparison of the extract with a standard anabolic androgen (fluoxymesterone), indicating the anabolic effects of androgens of Muruchi. Keywords: Borassus aethiopum; Growth trial; Lapine species; Fluoxymesterone. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.4173 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 362-368 (2010)
Epidermal T Cells and Wound Healing
Authors: Havran Wendy L. , Jameson Julie M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe murine epidermis contains resident T cells that express a canonical γδ TCR. These cells arise from fetal thymic precursors and use a TCR that is restricted to the skin in adult animals. These cells assume a dendritic morphology in normal skin and constitutively produce low levels of cytokines that contribute to epidermal homeostasis. When skin is wounded, an unknown Ag is expressed on damaged keratinocytes. Neighboring γδ T cells then round up and contribute to wound healing by local production of epithelial growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. In the absence of skin γδ T cells, wound healing is impaired. Similarly, epidermal T cells from patients with healing wounds are activated and secreting growth factors. Patients with nonhealing wounds have a defective epidermal T cell response. Information gained on the role of epidermal-resident T cells in the mouse may provide information for development of new therapeutic approaches to wound healing.
Light‐Driven Titanium‐Dioxide‐Based Reversible Microfireworks and Micromotor/Micropump Systems
Authors: Hong Yiying , Diaz Misael , Córdova‐Figueroa Ubaldo M. , Sen Ayusman 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) possesses high photocatalytic activity, which can be utilized to power the autonomous motion of microscale objects. This paper presents the first examples of TiO2 micromotors and micropumps. UV‐induced TiO2 reversible microfireworks phenomenon was observed and diffusiophoresis has been proposed as a possible mechanism.
Palladium(II) Complexes of C2‐Bridged Chiral Diphosphines: Application to Enantioselective Carbonyl‐Ene Reactions
Authors: Luo He‐Kuan , Woo Yuan‐Ling , Schumann Herbert , Jacob Chacko , van Meurs Martin , Yang Hai‐Yan , Tan Yen‐Ting 
Published: May 2010

Abstract(11bR,11′bR)‐4,4′‐(1,2‐Phenylene)bis[4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐dinaphtho[2,1‐c:1′,2′‐e]phosphepin] [abbreviated as (R)‐BINAPHANE], (3R,3′R,4S,4′S,11bS,11′bS)‐4,4′‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetrahydro‐3,3′‐bi‐3H‐dinaphtho[2,1‐c:1′,2′‐e]phosphepin [(S)‐BINAPINE], (1S,1′S,2R,2′R)‐1,1′‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐2,2′‐biphospholane [(S,S,R,R)‐TANGPHOS] and (2R,2′R,5R,5′R)‐1,1′‐(1,2‐phenylene)bis[2,5‐bis(1‐methylethyl)phospholane] [(R,R)‐i‐Pr‐DUPHOS] are C2‐bridged chiral diphosphines that form stable complexes with palladium(II) and platinum(II) containing a five‐membered chelate ring. The Pd(II)‐BINAPHANE catalyst displayed good to excellent enantioselectivities with ee values as high as 99.0% albeit in low yields for the carbonyl‐ene reaction between phenylglyoxal and alkenes. Its Pt(II) counterpart afforded improved yields while retaining satisfactory enantioselectivity. For the carbonyl‐ene reaction between ethyl trifluoropyruvate and alkenes, the Pd(II)‐BINAPHANE catalyst afforded both good yields and extremely high enantioselectivities with ees as high as 99.6%. A comparative study on the Pd(II) catalysts of the four C2‐bridged chiral diphosphines revealed that Pd(II)‐BINAPHANE afforded the best enantioselectivity. The ee values derived from Pd(II)‐BINAPHANE are much higher than those derived from the other three Pd(II) catalysts. A comparison of the catalyst structures shows that the Pd(II)‐BINAPHANE catalyst is the only one that has two bulky (R)‐binaphthyl groups close to the reaction site. Hence it creates a deep chiral space that can efficiently control the reaction behavior in the carbonyl‐ene reactions resulting in excellent enantioselectivity.
Measurement and simulation of flow properties of coal ash slag in coal gasification
Authors: Song Wenjia , Sun Yimin , Wu Yongqiang , Zhu Zibin , Koyama Shuntarou 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe viscosities of 45 coal ash slag samples at high temperature have been measured under different temperatures and shear rates. The computer thermodynamic software package FactSage has been used to predict liquidus temperatures, volume fractions of crystallized solid particles (ϕ), and the compositions of remaining liquid phase for 45 coal ash slag samples. The flow properties of completely liquid and partly crystallized coal ash slag samples have been predicted by three viscosity models. The Urbain formalism has been modified to describe the viscosities of fully liquid slag and homogeneous remaining liquid phase in coal ash slag samples. The modified Einstein equation and Einstein–Roscoe equation have been used to describe the viscosities of heterogeneous coal ash slag samples of ϕ < 10.00 vol % and ϕ ≥ 10.00 vol %, respectively. These three models provided a good description of the experimental data of fully liquid and heterogeneous coal ash slag samples. The new models also predicted flow properties of mixtures of coal ash slags with CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, SiO2, and Al2O3. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Simulations of photodegradation of toluene and formaldehyde in a monolith reactor using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Chong Siewhui , Wang Shaobin , Tadé Moses , Ang H. Ming , Pareek Vishnu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study, simulations were conducted on a monolith reactor for the photodegradation of toluene and formaldehyde. The monoliths in the reactor were treated as porous zones and the photocatalytic oxidation occurring on the monolith surfaces was modeled using Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics. A discrete ordinates model was used to simulate the light intensity with a novel approach, which involved an adjustable parameter—the absorption coefficient of the channel wall, for modeling the local light intensity across the porous media. The advantage of this approach was that despite its simplicity, it was able to capture and visualize the local light profile across the monolith channels and to integrate it into the reaction kinetics. Although it required a trial‐and‐error to determine the correct value of the channel wall absorption coefficient, the proposed model achieved a reasonable agreement between the simulation results and published experimental data. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Asbestosis and mesothelioma among British asbestos workers (1971–2005)
Authors: Harding Anne‐Helen , Darnton Andrew J 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundAscertainment of asbestosis and mesothelioma from underlying cause of death underestimates the burden of these diseases. The aims of this study were to estimate the true frequency of asbestosis and mesothelioma among asbestos workers in Great Britain (GB), and to identify factors associated with the risk of death with these diseases.MethodsThe GB Asbestos Survey was established in 1971 to monitor long‐term health outcomes among workers covered by regulations to control asbestos at work. Asbestosis and mesothelioma cases were defined by multiple cause of death, and were ascertained by identifying asbestos workers on the GB Asbestosis and Mesothelioma Registers. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated; the risks of asbestosis and mesothelioma were modeled with Poisson regression analysis. Deaths to the end of 2005 were included.ResultsThere were 15,557 deaths between 1971 and 2005 among the 98,912 workers. Altogether 477 asbestosis and 649 mesothelioma cases were identified. The SMR for all causes was 1.42, for asbestosis 51.3, and for mesothelioma 13.5. In multiply adjusted analysis, age, sex, job, and birth cohort were significantly associated with asbestosis and mesothelioma. For asbestosis year of first exposure, and for mesothelioma latency, were also statistically significant.ConclusionsThe asbestos workers experienced high mortality from all causes, asbestosis, and mesothelioma. There was some evidence that the risk of asbestosis and mesothelioma was lower in later birth cohorts and among those first occupationally exposed to asbestos more recently. Due to the long latency of both diseases, further follow‐up is required to confirm these trends. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1070–1080, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring cultural drivers for wildlife trade via an ethnoprimatological approach: a case study of slender and slow lorises (Loris and Nycticebus) in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Nekaris K.A.I. , Shepherd C.R. , Starr C.R. , Nijman V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIllegal and unsustainable trade in wildlife is a major conservation challenge. For Asian primates, economic and cultural traditions, and increased forest access mean that trade may have become detrimental for certain species. Slow and slender lorises (Nycticebus and Loris) are primates particularly prevalent in trade, determined until now by focused counts of lorises in regional markets. Here, we use international trade statistics and a participant–observer approach to assess culturally specific drivers for trade in lorises in South and Southeast Asia, to provide a broader context to help mitigate this practice. Analysis of international records for the last 30 years revealed that live animal trade was more prevalent than trade in body parts (slow lorises, 86.4%; slender lorises, 91.4%), with Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand the largest exporters. We then examine drivers of international and domestic trade based on long‐term data from 1994–2009 in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Indonesia. We show that slender lorises are important in Sri Lankan folklore, but their use as pets and for traditional medicine is rare. Trade in Bengal slow and pygmy lorises in Cambodia for use in traditional medicines, a practice with deeply historical roots, is widespread. Despite its own set of myths about the magical and curative properties of lorises, trade in Javan, Bornean, and greater slow lorises in Indonesia is largely for pets. Conservation practices in Asia are often generalized and linked with the region's major religions and economies. We show here that, in the case of wildlife trade, culturally specific patterns are evident among different ethnic groups, even within a country. Revealing such patterns is the foundation for developing conservation management plans for each species. We suggest some participatory methods for each country that may aid in this process. Am. J. Primatol. 72:877–886, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Verbrennungschemie der Biokraftstoffe: von Ethanol bis Biodiesel
Authors: Kohse‐Höinghaus Katharina , Oßwald Patrick , Cool Terrill A. , Kasper Tina , Hansen Nils , Qi Fei , Westbrook Charles K. , Westmoreland Phillip R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiokraftstoffe wie Bioethanol, Biobutanol und Biodiesel erfahren zunehmendes Interesse als Alternativen zu Brennstoffen auf Erdölbasis, denn sie versprechen als regenerierbare Energieträger eine langfristige und nachhaltige Perspektive mit vorteilhafter Klimabilanz. Gegenwärtige Diskussionen befassen sich mit der Produktion dieser Brennstoffe, ihrer Kompatibilität mit vorhandenen Motoren und Versorgungsstrukturen sowie der Konkurrenz zwischen der Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und Nahrungsmitteln. Die Verbrennungschemie der Biokraftstoffe hat dagegen bisher nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir wesentliche Aspekte der chemischen Reaktionswege bei der Verbrennung prototypischer Vertreter potenzieller Biokraftstoffe wie Alkohole, Ether und Ester. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Zersetzungs‐ und Oxidationsmechanismen sowie mögliche unerwünschte Emissionen. Neue experimentelle Methoden und Modellstudien erlauben detaillierte Einblicke in die hochkomplexen Netzwerke chemischer Reaktionen bei der Verbrennung von Biokraftstoffen. Die Chemie dieser Prozesse zu verstehen ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die verantwortungsbewusste Auswahl alternativer Kraftstoffe der nächsten Generation.
Ultraschnelle Schwingungsdynamik und lokale Wechselwirkungen in hydratisierter DNA
Authors: Szyc Łukasz , Yang Ming , Nibbering Erik T. J. , Elsaesser Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiochemische Prozesse laufen überwiegend in wässriger Umgebung ab. Eine Schlüsselrolle für Struktur und Funktion von Biomolekülen spielt dabei die Wechselwirkung mit Wassermolekülen. Desoxyribonukleinsäure (DNA), der grundlegende Träger genetischer Information, liegt im Gleichgewicht in einer Doppelhelixstruktur vor, die durch zwischenmolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken in Basenpaaren zusammengehalten und durch eine Umgebung von Wassermolekülen mit fluktuierenden Wasserstoffbrücken hydratisiert wird. Elementare Schwingungsbewegungen hydratisierter DNA und die schnellsten Veränderungen der DNA‐Wasser‐Wechselwirkung und der Hydratisierungsgeometrien treten im Zeitbereich unterhalb 1 ps auf. Methoden der nichtlinearen Ultrakurzzeit‐Schwingungsspektroskopie bieten Zugang zu diesen Prozessen, indem die Schwingungsdynamik von DNA und Wasser zeitaufgelöst verfolgt wird. Derartige Untersuchungen führen zu einem detaillierten Verständnis von DNA‐Schwingungen und ihrer Dynamik und geben Einblick in die Nichtgleichgewichtseigenschaften und ‐strukturen hydratisierter DNA.
Ultrafast Vibrational Dynamics and Local Interactions of Hydrated DNA
Authors: Szyc Łukasz , Yang Ming , Nibbering Erik T. J. , Elsaesser Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiochemical processes occur mainly in aqueous environments, where interactions with water molecules play a key role for both the structure and function of biomolecules. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the basic carrier of genetic information, is characterized by an equilibrium double helix structure which is held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between base pairs and hydrated by an environment of water molecules with fluctuating hydrogen bonds. Basic vibrational motions of hydrated DNA and the fastest changes in the DNA–water interactions and hydration geometries occur in less than 1 ps. These processes can be accessed by mapping the vibrational dynamics of DNA and water in a time‐resolved way by nonlinear ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy. Recent studies provide a detailed understanding of DNA vibrations and their dynamics, and give insight into nonequilibrium properties and structures of hydrated DNA.
A Lattice Boltzmann approach for predicting the capture efficiency of random fibrous media
Authors: Rebaï Mehdi , Drolet François , Vidal David , Vadeiko Ilya , Bertrand François 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe study the propagation of submicron airborne particles through random fibre networks such as paper. In our approach, we first construct a three‐dimensional model of the network and then use a Lattice Boltzmann method to obtain the flow of air through that structure. We finally calculate the trajectories of airborne particles and determine the fraction of these particles that impinge on fibres in the network. The combined approach is used to obtain pressure drop and mechanical filtration efficiency curves for a variety of structures. Our results show that, at fixed pressure drop and flow rate, a filter with a high basis weight and porosity will perform better than one made from fewer fibres that are more densely packed, at least in the range of porosities considered. For filters with a bimodal fibre size distribution, we find that the minimum in the efficiency curve becomes sharper and moves to smaller particle sizes as the mean fibre diameter of the mixture decreases, as expected from single‐fibre theory. The efficiency of capture by diffusion and interception exhibits a weaker dependence on surface area mean fibre diameter than that predicted by theory, in agreement with the observations of Brown and Thorpe. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.