bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a global leadership perspective through the use of student‐created reusable learning objects
Authors: Sandlin M'Randa R. , Odom Summer F. , Lindner James R. , Dooley Kim E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStudy abroad programs have been identified as one of the most effective methods of globalizing curricula and students. The purpose of this study was to examine the current framework of the Leading Change in Costa Rica Study Abroad Program and its ability to diffuse leadership theory to the participating students and to students who are not able to take part in a study abroad opportunity. This study abroad program used reusable learning objects (RLOs) as an assignment to develop global leadership competencies by applying the learned leadership theory in an international context. Students were impacted by the experience. They gained knowledge of the course content, developed and expanded their cultural competencies, and expanded their views of developing countries. The Leading Change in Costa Rica Study Abroad Program also made an effort to develop the intercultural competencies and global leadership abilities of students who are unable to study abroad. The student‐created RLOs have been used in class presentations and made available to interested faculty to use in classrooms across disciplines.
The effects of local vanadium treatment on angiogenesis and chondrogenesis during fracture healing
Authors: Paglia David N. , Wey Aaron , Park Andrew G. , Breitbart Eric A. , Mehta Siddhant K. , Bogden John D. , Kemp Francis W. , Benevenia Joseph , O'Connor J. Patrick , Lin Sheldon S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study quantified the effects of local intramedullary delivery of an organic vanadium salt, which may act as an insulin‐mimetic on fracture healing. Using a BB Wistar rat femoral fracture model, local vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC) was delivered to the fracture site and histomorphometry, mechanical testing, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Callus percent cartilage was 200% higher at day 7 (p < 0.05) and 88% higher at day 10 (p < 0.05) in the animals treated with 1.5 mg/kg of VAC. Callus percent mineralized tissue was 37% higher at day 14 (p < 0.05) and 31% higher at day 21 (p < 0.05) in the animals treated with 1.5 mg/kg of VAC. Maximum torque to failure was 104% and 154% higher at 4 weeks post‐fracture (p < 0.05) for the healing femurs from the VAC‐treated (1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg) animals. Animals treated with other VAC doses demonstrated increased mechanical parameters at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry detected 62% more proliferating cells at days 7 (p < 0.05) and 94% more at day 10 (p < 0.05) in the animals treated with 1.5 mg/kg VAC. Results showed 100% more vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) positive cells and 80% more blood vessels at day 7 (p < 0.05) within the callus subperiosteal region of VAC‐treated animals (1.5 mg/kg) compared to controls. The results suggest that local VAC treatment affects chondrogenesis and angiogenesis within the first 7–10 days post‐fracture, which leads to enhanced mineralized tissue formation and accelerated fracture repair as early as 3–4 weeks post‐fracture. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1971–1978, 2012
Laryngeal cancer: Quantitative and qualitative assessment of research output, 1945–2010
Authors: Glynn Ronan W. , Lowery Aoife J. , Scutaru Cristian , O'Dwyer Tadhg , Keogh Ivan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To provide an in‐depth evaluation of research yield in laryngeal cancer from 1945 to 2010, using large‐scale data analysis, employment of bibliometric indicators of production and quality, and density equalizing mapping.Study Design:Bibliometic analysis incorporating the Web of Science Database.Methods:The search strategy employed was as follows; “TS = ((Laryngeal Neoplasm$) OR (Larynx Neoplasm$) OR (Larynx Cancer$) OR (Laryngeal Cancer$)).” Author and journal data and cooperation networks were computed following analysis of combinations of countries and institutions that registered cooperation during the study period. Mapping was performed as described by Groneberg‐Kloft in 2004.Results:A total of 8,658 items relating to laryngeal cancer were published over the study period, accounting for 139,700 citations. The United States was the most prolific country, accounting for 28.83% (n = 2,496) of total output. Other prolific nations included Italy (n = 794) and Germany (n = 792). There were 973 items published as a consequence of international cooperation; this practice increased steadily over time and accounted for 15.58% (88 of 565) of output in 2010. There were 1,073 different journals publishing articles on laryngeal cancer, although the top 20 (1.8%) most prolific titles were together responsible for more than 43% of the total output; these were led by Laryngoscope (n = 368) and Head and Neck, Journal of the Scientific Specialties (n = 364). A total of 24,682 authors contributed to the literature on laryngeal cancer; the leading author by output was Alfio Ferlito (n = 120); Carlo La Vecchia recorded the highest h‐index (h = 32).Conclusions:This work represents the first attempt to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis of laryngeal cancer research output, whilst in tandem identifying the key bibliometric benchmarks to which those involved in the production of that output might aspire.
Bio‐inspired algorithms for the optimization of offshore oil production systems
Authors: Vieira Ian Nascimento , de Lima Beatriz Souza Leite Pires , Jacob Breno Pinheiro 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis work describes the development, implementation, and assessment of enhanced variants of three different groups of bio‐inspired methodologies: genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and artificial immune system. The algorithms are implemented on a computational tool for the synthesis and optimization of offshore oil production risers that connect a floating platform at the sea surface to the wellheads at the sea bottom. Optimization procedures using bio‐inspired algorithms for such real‐world engineering problems require the calculation of the objective function through a large number of time‐consuming finite element nonlinear dynamic analyses, for the evaluation of the structural behavior of each candidate configuration. Therefore, the performance of the algorithms may be measured by the smaller number of objective function evaluations associated to a given target fitness value. The results indicate that the artificial immune system approach, incorporating some enhancements presented in this work, is more effective than the genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization methods, requiring a smaller number of evaluations to obtain better solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Up‐regulated expression of sulfatases (SULF1 and SULF2) as prognostic and metastasis predictive markers in human gastric cancer
Authors: Hur Keun , Han Tae‐Su , Jung Eun‐Jung , Yu Jieun , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Kim Woo Ho , Goel Ajay , Yang Han‐Kwang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. In spite of the mortality incidence associated with GC, no reliable prognostic biomarkers are currently available for this malignancy. The sulfatases (or SULFs), SULF1 and SULF2, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of human cancers. We sought to evaluate the potential of SULFs as biomarkers for GC. Thirty pairs of GC and corresponding normal tissues were analysed for the expression and methylation status of SULFs. Furthermore, the functional role of SULF overexpression was investigated in GC cell lines and tumour xenograft animal models. Lastly, we validated the expression of SULF1 protein in a large cohort of 450 GC patients. GC tissues showed conspicuously higher expression of SULF1 (p = 0.0002) and SULF2 (p = 0.001) compared to normal mucosa, which was correlated with its promoter hypomethylation. Furthermore, high expression of SULFs caused marked acceleration in the growth of xenograft tumours in nude mice. The expression of SULF1 protein significantly correlated with higher recurrence rates (p = 0.0002) and worse overall survival (p < 0.0001) in GC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that SULF1 is an independent prognostic (p = 0.0123) and lymph node metastasis predictive factor (p = 0.0003) in patients with GC. We provide novel evidence that hypomethylation of promoter CpG islands within SULF genes imparts them with oncogenic potential in GC. Moreover, our data suggest that SULF1 may serve as a promising biomarker for patients with GC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impaired decidual natural killer cell regulation of vascular remodelling in early human pregnancies with high uterine artery resistance
Authors: Fraser Rupsha , Whitley Guy StJ , Johnstone Alan P , Host Amanda J , Sebire Neil J , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Cartwright Judith E 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDuring human pregnancy, natural killer (NK) cells accumulate in the maternal decidua, but their specific roles remain to be determined. Decidual NK (dNK) cells are present during trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodelling. These events are crucial for successful placentation and the provision of an adequate blood supply to the developing fetus. Remodelling of spiral arteries is impaired in the dangerous pregnancy complication pre‐eclampsia. We studied dNK cells isolated from pregnancies at 9–14 weeks' gestation, screened by uterine artery Doppler ultrasound to determine resistance indices which relate to the extent of spiral artery remodelling. dNK cells were able to promote the invasive behaviour of fetal trophoblast cells, partly through HGF. Cells isolated from pregnancies with higher resistance indices were less able to do this and secreted fewer pro‐invasive factors. dNK cells from pregnancies with normal resistance indices could induce apoptotic changes in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in vitro, events of importance in vessel remodelling, partly through Fas signalling. dNK cells isolated from high resistance index pregnancies failed to induce vascular apoptosis and secreted fewer pro‐apoptotic factors. We have modelled the cellular interactions at the maternal‐fetal interface and provide the first demonstration of a functional role for dNK cells in influencing vascular cells. A potential mechanism contributing to impaired vessel remodelling in pregnancies with a higher uterine artery resistance is presented. These findings may be informative in determining the cellular interactions contributing to the pathology of pregnancy disorders where remodelling is impaired, such as pre‐eclampsia. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of germline TP53 mutations and history of Li–Fraumeni syndrome in families with childhood adrenocortical tumors, choroid plexus tumors, and rhabdomyosarcoma: A population‐based survey
Authors: Magnusson Susanne , Gisselsson David , Wiebe Thomas , Kristoffersson Ulf , Borg Åke , Olsson Håkan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurposeWhether childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), choroid plexus tumors (CPTs), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are early manifestation of Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of germline TP53 mutations and family history in a population‐based series of patients.Patients and MethodsWe identified children (≤18 years) diagnosed between 1958 and 2008 with ACT (n = 3) or CPT (n = 7), or children ≤5 years with RMS (n = 29). Registry‐based pedigree expansion was performed.ResultsNo patients had a family history of classic LFS but 17 fulfilled Chompret or Eeles criteria. TP53 mutations were found in 1/3 ACT patients and 1/18 RMS patients; both were novel mutations. Of five tested CPT patients none had a detectable mutation. No excess of LFS associated tumors was observed, except for breast cancer in families of CPT patients. An overall increased cancer incidence was observed in families of patients with CPT [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1–3.5] due to excess of breast and female kidney cancer and in families of patients with RMS (SIR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9–1.7), due to excess of early‐onset melanoma and male stomach cancer.ConclusionRelatives of patients with childhood ACTs, CPTs, and RMSs showed no increased risk of LFS associated tumors. However, TP53 mutations could be found in these children irrespective of family history. Absence of LFS associated tumors may suggest the presence of other cancer syndromes. Improved knowledge about relatives' cancer risks could be helpful in counseling family members of children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 846–853. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyamide‐6 structure modification by combined solid‐phase extrusion
Authors: Beloshenko V.A. , Voznyak A.V. , Voznyak Yu.V. , Glasunova V.A. , Konstantinova T.E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMethods of wide‐angle X‐ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy were performed to investigate structural and phase transformation occurring in polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) by combined solid‐phase processing including extrusion through a conical die (ED) and the following equal‐channel multiple‐angular extrusion (ECMAE). It was shown that high level of plastic and strength characteristics of extruded PA‐6 is determined by the formation of a duplex structure consisting of elongated disoriented fiber‐like entities and fragmented globular formations. Conservation of high values of plasticity of deformed PA‐6 is also controlled by the transition of the crystals of α‐form to the crystals of γ‐form with higher plasticity reserve. We have established rational technology parameters of PA‐6 processing by ED‐ECMAE processes (the deformation degree εED at ED, deformation intensity ΔΓ and the value of accumulated deformation εECMAE at ECMAE). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Development of a multimicroinjection molding system for thermoplastic polymer
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Xie Pengcheng , Wang Jian , Ding Yumei , Yang Weimin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel concept of microinjection molding system was designed and presented. The system was designed as a multimicroinjection module, which is matched with a vertical injection molding machine (IMM) and can be applied on commercial IMMs. A planetary gear pump was integrated in this system to complete the multi microinjection molding (MμIM). The module is fixed between the stationary platen and the mold of IMM. The plasticizing unit of the IMM provides the melt and initial pressure for the multi microinjection molding system. With this system, a commercial IMM could be upgraded to a precise microinjection machine and has the capability of precise metering for the microinjection molding. Melt flowing behavior was predicted through the 3D injection molding simulation and experiments were carried out to testify the performance of the MμIM. The injection molding performance was evaluated and the results revealed that the MμIM system could effectively realize the microinjection molding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Modification of surface wettability of sodium ionomer sheets via atmospheric plasma treatment
Authors: España J.M. , García D. , Sánchez L. , López J. , Balart R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this study, atmospheric plasma treatment has been used to modify the wetting properties of ethylene‐methacrylic acid sodium ionomer. The effects of the plasma treatment on surface properties of this ionomer have been followed by contact angle measurements, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). With the use of these techniques, the overall effects on activation–functionalization and surface topography changes have been determined in terms of the processing parameters of the atmospheric plasma treatment (rate and distance). The obtained results show a remarkable increase of the wetting properties and optimum balanced behavior is obtained for atmospheric plasma treatment with a rate of 100 mm/s and a distance of 6 mm; in this case, surface free energy is increased from 33 mJ/m2 (untreated ionomer) up to 62 mJ/m2, maintaining good transparency. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Block copolymer alignment method for mobility anisotropy and enhancement of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin‐film transistors
Authors: Cheng J.‐W. John , Ho Jeng‐Rong , Tseng Yu‐Wei , Su Hung‐Jie , Chien Chi‐Horng , Tsiang Raymond C.‐C. , Hsu Chia Chen , Chen Ting‐Ray , Chiang Cheng‐Yi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, a new alignment‐layer approach based on block copolymers (BCPs) is proposed for mobility anisotropy and enhancement of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). In particular, the poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) TFT with polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) alignment layer was studied. With max dichroic ratio 1.23 in polarized absorption spectra of P3HT and corresponding device mobility anisotropy 4.63, taking place at the highest annealing temperature of 230°C, the BCP alignment approach proved to be an effective tool for orientation control of polymers such as the P3HT. However, because of negative effect of thermal annealing that causes twisting in P3HT backbones, the achieved mobility enhancement was only a meager 41%. Nevertheless, with rich varieties in the composition and complexity of BCPs, the proposed BCP alignment design represents an interesting alternative to existing alignment approaches to orientation control of P3HT and mobility anisotropy and enhancement of the resultant OTFTs. Besides, the phase‐alternate surface morphology of the BCP alignment layer was confirmed through a series of atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron microscopy, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Diallyl‐1,12‐diaminododecane‐based cyclopolymers and their use as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion
Authors: Ali Shaikh A. , Saeed M.T. , El‐Sharif Asma M.Z. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of N,N‐diallyl compounds, capable of undergoing cyclopolymerization, are prepared from 1,12‐dodecanediamine. Selective monoformylation followed by allylation of the parent diamine afforded N,N‐diallyl‐N′‐formyl‐1,12‐dodecanediamine which was converted into quaternary ammonium monomers N,N‐diallyl‐N‐benzyl (or p‐methoxybenzyl)‐N′‐formyl‐1,12‐dodecanediamine by reacting with benzyl‐ or p‐methoxybenzyl chloride. The monomers on homo‐ and co‐cyclopolymerization (with SO2) afforded the cationic polyelectrolytes which on acidic hydrolysis of the formyl group gave water‐soluble polyelctrolytes. All the synthesized monomers, polymers, and the starting 1,12‐dodecanediamine were used to study the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by gravimetry and electrochemical methods in acidic and saline media at 60°C. The inhibitor molecules (at a concentration of 400 ppm) exhibited inhibition efficiencies (%IE) in the ranges 62%–99% in 1 M HCl, 95%–99% in 4 M HCl, 13%–91% in 7.7 M HCl, 13%–91% in 0.5 M H2SO4, and 75%–90% in 3.5% NaCl. There is a dramatic increase in the IEs by the monomers and polymers in comparison to the parent diamine. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of polymer nanoparticles from renewable biobased furfuryl alcohol and maleic anhydride by stabilizer‐free dispersion polymerization
Authors: Luo Wei , Liu Jianxin , Ma Yuhong , Zhang Bing , Yang Wantai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe spherical polymer nanoparticles of biobased renewable monomers, furfuryl alcohol (FA) and maleic anhydride (MAn), with diameters (Dn) in the range of 120 to 500 nm have been prepared by stabilizer‐free dispersion copolymerization. In acetate or its mixture, the conversion of the monomers greatly depended on the concentration of AIBN. When the molar ratio of AIBN/monomers was 3.6% (wt), the monomer conversion could be as high as 80%. The aggregations of the solvated polymer chains formed the nuclei of the polymer particles. After the nucleation stage, both the monomer conversions and particle sizes increased steadily, while the coefficient of variation of the particle size decreased. The almost linear relationship between the Dn3 and the weight of polymer suggested that there is no significant secondary nucleation. The copolymer of FA and MAn could not dissolve in common organic solvents. Elemental analyses, FTIR and 13CP‐MAS spectra showed that the copolymer was close to the alternative copolymer of FA and MAn irrespective to the molar ratios of FA/MAn in monomer feed. Furthermore, the two 2,5‐ and 3,4‐dihydrofuran ring configurations exist in the copolymer and the later is the major one. The reaction of copolymer particles with triethylenetetramine confirmed the reactivity of the succinic anhydride groups at the surface of copolymer particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of soluble single‐walled carbon nanotubes with poly (1,3‐cyclohexadiene): Grafting poly(1,3‐cyclohexadienyl)lithium onto a solid surface
Authors: Natori Itaru , Natori Shizue 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe first‐ever grafting of poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene) (PCHD) onto single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was accomplished by reaction with poly(1,3‐cyclohexadienyl)lithium. The rate of this reaction was especially slow due to the heterogeneous nature of the reaction system. The concentration of active carbons available for reaction with PCHDLi on the solid surface of the SWNTs was found to be approximately 2.0 mol %. The mass of PCHD attached to the SWNTs was effectively controlled by varying the molecular weight of the PCHD. The resulting PCHD‐grafted SWNTs exhibited excellent solubility in organic solvent, maintaining a highly stable homogeneous dispersion even after 3 months. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The conserved arginine 380 of Hsp90 is not a catalytic residue, but stabilizes the closed conformation required for ATP hydrolysis
Authors: Cunningham Christian N. , Southworth Daniel R. , Krukenberg Kristin A. , Agard David A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHsp90, a dimeric ATP‐dependent molecular chaperone, is required for the folding and activation of numerous essential substrate “client” proteins including nuclear receptors, cell cycle kinases, and telomerase. Fundamental to its mechanism is an ensemble of dramatically different conformational states that result from nucleotide binding and hydrolysis and distinct sets of interdomain interactions. Previous structural and biochemical work identified a conserved arginine residue (R380 in yeast) in the Hsp90 middle domain (MD) that is required for wild type hydrolysis activity in yeast, and hence proposed to be a catalytic residue. As part of our investigations on the origins of species‐specific differences in Hsp90 conformational dynamics we probed the role of this MD arginine in bacterial, yeast, and human Hsp90s using a combination of structural and functional approaches. While the R380A mutation compromised ATPase activity in all three homologs, the impact on ATPase activity was both variable and much more modest (2–7 fold) than the mutation of an active site glutamate (40 fold) known to be required for hydrolysis. Single particle electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that, for all Hsp90s, mutation of this arginine abrogated the ability to form the closed “ATP” conformational state in response to AMPPNP binding. Taken together with previous mutagenesis data exploring intra‐ and intermonomer interactions, these new data suggest that R380 does not directly participate in the hydrolysis reaction as a catalytic residue, but instead acts as an ATP‐sensor to stabilize an NTD‐MD conformation required for efficient ATP hydrolysis.