bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A first instance of human philophthalmosis in Israel
Authors: Lang Y. , Weiss Y. , Garzozi H. , Gold D. , Lengy J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConjunctivitis due to the trematode Philophthalmus in a 13-year-old Israeli girl is described. A single worm, probably a mature Philophthalmus palpebrarum, was detected on the palpebral conjunctiva of the upper eyelid of the right eye. Removal of the worm resulted in rapid abatement of the ocular symptoms. This is the first documentation of human philophthalmosis in Israel.
Experimental transfer of Paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes
Authors: Fan P.C. , Lu H. , Lin L.H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to investigate the experimental transfer of Paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes, 13 rats and 23 mice were inoculated with a total of 115 (1 mature and 114 immature) worms of P. westermani subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. The age of worms before transfer was 25–193 days. The transfer was performed immediately after worm collection from rodents which were killed at various intervals from 4 to 144 days after infection. The location, development and size of worms were recorded. An infection rate of 58% (or 21/36) was demonstrated in rodents after experimental transfer of P. westermani by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. Twenty-seven worms were recovered, giving a worm recovery rate of 23.5%. The rate was significantly higher by the subcutaneous route (34.8%) than by the intraperitoneal route (20.7%) but no difference was found between mice (23.9%) and rats (23.0%). The sizes of worms in the abdominal cavity, pleural cavity and thoracic muscles of mice, and in the leg muscles of rats were much less than in the pleural cavity and lung cysts of rats. A mature worm (7×5 mm) and numerous eggs were found in the uterus and pleural cavity of one rat. It is evidence that these rodents are unfavourable definitive hosts of P. westermani, because the worm size, infectivity, maturation and egg production are usually very low. However, the worms are usually widely distributed in their rodent hosts and remain small in size for a long period. Therefore, these rodents are good paratenic hosts for P. westermani and can play an important role in infecting cats and dogs with P. westermani in the laboratory.
Characterization of the surface polypeptides of Strongyloides ratti: a comparison of homogonic and heterogonic strains
Authors: Power J.D. , Harnett W. , Jenkins T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSurface iodination, extraction and SDS-PAGE analysis techniques were employed to characterize and compare the surface polypeptides of two strains of Strongyloides ratti. Third stage infective larvae and parasitic adults of homogonic and heterogonic strains were studied using a variety of surface labelling procedures and detergents for the extraction of labelled molecules. Profiles obtained from SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that homogonic and heterogonic strains of S. ratti have identical surface antigens.
Cross protection against Taenia taeniaeformis in rats vaccinated with non-viable oncospheres of Asian Taenia or T. saginata
Authors: Ito A. , Fan P.C. , Chung W.C. , Suzuki M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt was determined to examine whether rats injected with non-viable oncospheres of Asian Taenia or Taenia saginata became resistant to challenge infection with eggs of Taenia taeniaeformis, since (a) metacestodes of Asian Taenia and T. taeniaeformis develop in the liver of pigs and rats, respectively, and (b) Asian Taenia and T. saginata have human origins. Rats injected intravenously or subcutaneously with complete Freund's adjuvant with non-viable oncospheres of Asian Taenia showed statistically significant resistance to challenge infection with eggs of T. taeniaeformis, whereas those injected with non-viable oncospheres of T. saginata did not show any resistance.
Infectivity, growth, distribution and acetabular attachment of a one-hundred metacercarial cyst inoculum of Echinostoma trivolvis in ICR mice
Authors: Gavet M.F. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFemale ICR mice, 6–8 weeks old, were exposed to 100 metacercarial cysts/host of Echinostoma trivolvis to determine the effects of this cyst dosage on worm infectivity, distribution, growth and acetabular attachment in the host small intestine, Of 42 exposed mice, 22 were infected 4 to 17 days postinfection (PI) with a mean worm recovery of 11 to 41%. Mean body area of worms increased from about 0.4 mm2 on day 4 PI to about 2.0 mm2 by day 9 PI. No consistent pattern of worm growth was seen beyond day 9. Distribution data showed that worms were found mainly in the anterior part of the small intestines on day 4 PI and then more posteriorly up to day 8 PI. Worm distribution patterns were quite variable beyond day 11 PI. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the acetabulum left a distinct ‘fingerprint’ or acetabular plug on the intestinal mucosa of the host. The ‘fingerprint’ was temporary and disappeared within 1 min after worms were removed from the intestines.
In vivo effect of sublethal concentrations of albendazole metabolites on the structure of the reproductive organs of Dictyocaulus viviparus
Authors: Osman A.M.M. , Jacobs D.E. , Plummer J.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDictyocaulus viviparus were harvested from calves treated daily with albendazole at dose-rates sub-lethal to this parasite and from matched untreated calves. Male and female reproductive tracts from the worms were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. A first description of the testis of this nematode is provided. Cell division in the germinal zone of both male and female worms was arrested by in vivo exposure to albendazole metabolites and the cytoplasmic threads connecting the germinal cells to the rachis disappeared. In male worms from treated calves, the rachis was absent from the growth zone and severe ultrastructural damage of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatozoa was apparent. In female worms, the rachis remained intact in the growth zone, obvious abnormalities being confined to the germinal zone, where the cytoplasm of the oogonia was disrupted and few nuclei seen, and to the uteri and ovijector which contained only undifferentiated ova. The detrimental effects of albendazole metabolites on male and female worms were quickly reversed after withdrawal of medication.
Infectivity, growth, distribution and fecundity of a six versus twenty-five metacercarial cyst inoculum of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice
Authors: Kaufman A.R. , Fried B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFemale ICR mice, 6–8 weeks old, were exposed to 6 (group A) or 25 (group B) metacercarial cysts/host of Echinostoma caproni to determine the effects of these cyst dosages on infectivity, growth, distribution and fecundity of worms in the small intestines. All 30 mice exposed (15 in group A and 15 in group B) were infected and there was no significant difference in the percentage of worm recovery between group A and B at 2, 4 and 8 weeks postinfection (PI). Growth was rapid in both groups with worm body areas increasing from about 3mm2 at 2 weeks PI to about 7 mm2 at 8 weeks PI. More worms from group B were in the anterior sections of the small intestines at 2 and 4 weeks PI than those from group A. However, at 8 weeks PI more worms from Group A were in the anterior sections of the small intestines than those from group B. There were marked differences in our findings on infectivity, growth and distribution of E. caproni in ICR mice using 6 and 25 cyst inocula compared to a previous study using the same echinostome and cyst inocula in NMRI mice, presumably related to the mouse strain. Fecundity studies were somewhat comparable in both studies showing an approximate three to four times increase in the average number of eggs/gram of faeces in mice receiving 25 versus 6 cyst inocula.
The morphology of hymenolepidid and dilepidid cestodes from common and pygmy shrews (Soricidae) in Southeast England
Authors: Roots C.D. , Lewis J.W. , Churchfield J.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOne hundred and six of 109 common shrews (Sorex araneus) and 62 of 72 pygmy shrews (S. minutus), obtained by Longworth trapping in Southeast England, were infected with cestodes. Ten species were recovered: Choanotaenia hepatica and Hymenolepis prolifer (found in S. araneus); Choanotaenia crassiscolex, Hymenolepis furcata, H. jacutensis, H. schaldybini, H. scutigera, H. singularis, H. diaphana and H. infirma (in both hosts). The morphology, taxonomy and ecology of these species are discussed and the findings of the present study are discussed with reference to previous studies of the helminth fauna of British shrews. Cysticercoids of C. crassiscolex were found in the snail, Vitrina pellucida, and cysticercoids of H. schaldybini in the staphylinid beetle, Anthobium unicolor.
Ultrastructural observations of the tegument of Postorchigenes gymnesicus (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae)
Authors: Ferrer J.R. , Gracenea M. , Trullols M. , Gonzalez-Moreno O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe tegument of Postorchigenes gymnesicus has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The general body tegument is spinous and contains mitochondria, biconcave disc-shaped vesicles bounded by an unitary membrane and displaying a protein content, and scarce spherical bodies. The tegument covering specialized body regions is aspinous. Few vesicles were evident in the tegument covering the suckers and oesophagus, being more abundant in the metraterm and cirrus where the tegument is thicker. Laurer's canal has a thick tegument with sparse vesicles, mostly arranged close to the apical membrane. A direct association was evident between the basal lamina underlying the spines and the muscular subtegumental fibres, suggesting a motile character for the spine.
Proliferation of pronephric lymphocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio induced by extracts of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi
Authors: Nie P. , Hoole D. , Arme C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe interaction between Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda)and pronephric lymphocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio L. was studied by examining proliferation of lymphocytes isolated from both naïve fish and fish injected intraperitoneally with cestode extract. Lymphocytes from naïve hosts were stimulated to proliferate in the presence of the extract depending upon the extract protein concentrations; lower concentrations (0.01–0.05μg/ml) induced the greatest response, and immunosuppression occurred at higher concentrations. Significant differences were noted in fish that received intraperitoneal injections of parasite extracts. Five days post-injection, lymphocyte proliferation was significantly greater in these individuals compared with sham injected or untreated controls. This difference was reduced at 10 days post-injection, although the response was dependent on the concentration of the parasite extract. The possible significance of the observed stimulation/suppression of lymphocyte activity to establishment of the parasite in the wild is discussed.
Eosinophilia, IL-5 level and recovery of larvae in IL-5 transgenic mice infected withToxocara canis
Authors: Sugane K. , Kusama Y. , Takamoto M. , Tominaga A. , Takatsu K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEosinophil counts, interleukin 5 (IL-5) concentrations in peripheral blood and larval recovery after infection withToxocara caniswere compared between IL-5 transgenic (Tg) and nontransgenic counterparts, C3H/HeN mice. In Tg mice characterized by a constant high level of peripheral eosinophils, eosinophils in peripheral blood fell to the lowest level on day 4 of aT. canisinfection and then returned to the preinfection level on day 14. Serum IL-5 level fell to the lowest level on day 4 of infection, then recovered rapidly and peaked on day 14 postinfection. In contrast, the eosinophil and IL-5 levels in the peripheral blood peaked on days 11 and 7 of infection, respectively in C3H/HeN mice. The degree of eosinophil infiltration into the lung 4 days after infection was far more pronounced in Tg than C3H/HeN mice. The highest number of larvae recovered from the lungs of infected Tg and C3H/HeN mice occurred on day 4 postinfection. Strains of Tg and C3H/HeN mice vaccinated with excretory and secretory (ES) antigens ofT. canislarvae were infected withT. canisand the recovery of larvae on day 21 analysed. There were no significant differences in the mean number of larvae recovered from nonvaccinated Tg and C3H/HeN mice or vaccinated Tg and C3H/HeN mice. However, significant differences were demonstrated in the mean total number of larvae recovered from vaccinated and nonvaccinated Tg or C3H/HeN mice. These results suggest that immunocompetent cells other than eosinophils may play a significant role in the expulsion and killing ofT. canislarvae in infected mice.
Echinococcus granulosus in Spain: strain differentiation by SDS-PAGE of somatic and excretory/secretory proteins
Authors: Siles-Lucas M. , Cuesta-Bandera C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA comparison was made, by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), of excretory/secretory (ES) – crude and immunopurified (with the corresponding anti-host serum) hydatid fluids – and somatic (S) – protoscoleces – proteins, from several ovine, equine, swine, bovine and human Echinococcus granulosus Spanish isolates. Likewise, the host influence on parasitic ES protein expression was studied, comparing purified hydatid fluids from ovine and equine cysts obtained from natural hosts and in RNMI mice. Purified hydatid fluids patterns, under reducing conditions, yielded the most precise differentiation of Spanish strains of E. granulosus into three groups (ovine—bovine-human, equine and swine), the finding of a characteristic 82 kDa band in equine isolates, and an unusual arrangement of bands between 50 and 6 kDa in swine samples. In addition, differences were found amongst crude and purified hydatid fluids, especially in bovine and swine isolates. The total protein patterns of protoscoleces were most complex, and therefore could not be used for strain differentiation. Finally, the purified hydatid fluids from cysts developed in natural and experimental hosts showed similar protein patterns, suggesting the lack of host influence, under our experimental conditions, on the expression of parasitic ES proteins.
The effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on the development of Brugia malayi in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Mohapatra R. , Ranjit M.R. , Dash A.P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) viz., triflumuron and hexaflumuron interfere with the development of Brugia malayi in Aedes aegypti (a black-eyed Liverpool strain). The development of B. malayi was slow in both the treated populations and the infection rate, infectivity rate and L3 load per mosquito decreased significantly (P< 0.001) in comparison with untreated controls. Hexaflumuron was found to be more inhibiting than triflumuron.
The distribution of neuroactive substances within the cercaria ofSanguinicola inermis
Authors: McMichael-Phillips D.F. , Lewis J.W. , Thorndyke M.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe serotoninergic and peptidergic components of the nervous system of the cercaria ofSanguinicola inermis(Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) were examined using whole-mount immunocytochemistry and a plan of the nervous system has been described. Antibodies to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and the neuropeptides, FMRFamide, GFNSALMFamide (S1) and SGPYSFNSGLTFamide (S2) were used in the study. Immunoreactivity (IR) was demonstrated to all but the S2 antisera and showed a similar fundamental distribution. IR was found in paired cerebral ganglia located anteriorly within the body and connected by a cerebral commissure. From the ganglia paired ventral and dorsal longitudinal nerve cords extend anteriorly into the cephalic organ and into the body. There is no apparent connection with the tail. Several transverse commissures connect the longitudinal nerve cords throughout the body and several associated cell bodies have been located. A double-stranded dorsal and ventral longitudinal nerve cord extends the length of the tail and six cell bodies are associated with these cords, uniquely demonstrating either FMRFamide and S1, or 5-HT-like IR. Only 5-HT-like IR was found to extend into the posterior tail furcae and there appears to be a lack of any peripheral tegumental innervation. Double-labelling experiments suggest that the serotoninergic and peptidergic components of the cercarial nervous system are distinct.
Genetic polymorphism inProteocephalus exiguusshown by enzyme electrophoresis
Authors: Šnábel V. , Hanzelová V. , Mattiucci S. , D'Amelio S. , Paggi L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEnzyme electrophoresis has been used to examine genetic diversity in a population ofProteocephalus exiguusLa Rue, 1911 (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae), parasitizing salmonid and coregonid fishes. Among 16 loci tested, three polymorphic loci (Ada, Got, Pgm-2) were found. Six different genotypes at theGotlocus distributed in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium suggest remarkable genetic flexibility ofP. exiguus. Balancing selection is proposed as the mechanism maintaining genetic variation within the species. Data of genetic variability parameters (Ho= 0.064; He= 0.07; P = 0.19) and outcrossing rate (t = 0.842) ofP. exiguuspopulation have been provided. Possible factors affecting these data are discussed.
Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria
Authors: Mafiana C.F. , Osho M.B. , Sam-Wobo S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA survey of 612 black rats, Rattus rattus (282 males and 330 females), for infections with helminth parasites was carried out in Abeokuta, in southwest Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety six (64.7%) were infected with one or more of seven species of helminths comprising three cestodes (Hymenolepis diminuta, Taenia taeniaeformis (cyst) and Raillietina sp.) three nematodes (Mastophorus muris, Trichuris muris and Syphacia sp.) and one acanthocephalan (Moniliformis moniliformis). Although the prevalence of infection in males (76.6%) was more than in females (54.5%) (P< 0.01), there was no difference in the mean intensity of infection, MI, (males = 11.6 ± 0.94, females = 11.1 ± 1.56). Among the different weight classes, rats of 100–130g were more infected (89.3%) and had the highest mean intensity (MI = 21.6) than those that weighed <100g (47.1%, MI = 6.4) and >130g (73.9%, MI = 9.3). Moniliformis moniliformis was the most common species encountered (39.2%) and had the highest mean intensity in both sexes ( = 7.4 ± 0.74). Considering the rat-man proximity, this finding has considerable public health implications.
Variation in the larval recovery ofToxocara canisfrom the murine brain: implications for behavioural studies
Authors: Skerrett H. , Holland C.V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe migratory pathway ofToxocara canislarvae was determined by infecting mice with a low, medium or high dose of embryonatedT. caniseggs and determining numbers of larvae present in the brain, liver, lungs, kidneys and muscle on days 5, 14 and 26 post infection. Variation was seen in the numbers of larvae recorded in the organs of mice which had received the same number of eggs and were at the same stage of infection. This variation was particularly marked in the brain indicating that, for the purposes of behavioural studies, the actual numbers of larvae found in the brain rather than the number assumed from the dose would have to be taken into account when analysing the behaviour of infected mice.
Effects of concurrently administered copper and mercury on phagocytic cell activity and antibody levels in guinea pigs with experimental ascariasis
Authors: Šoltýs J. , Borošková Z. , Dvorožňáková E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe subchronic effect of copper and mercury on selected immunological parameters in guinea pigs with experimental ascariasis was studied. Cupric sulphate and mercuric chloride administered for 28 days did not suppress the levels of specific circulating antibody in a subsequentAscaris suuminfection. Intoxication of animals significantly inhibited the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages throughout the experiment.Ascaris suuminfection elevated macrophage phagocytic activity but values remained significantly lower in comparison with infected non-intoxicated animals. Both the concurrently administered metal compounds changed the phagocytic ability of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the blood.The intensity of infection assessed by the number ofAscarislarvae migrating in the lungs of animals currently intoxicated with both the metal compounds increased by 28.6%, compared with controls.
Comparison of the trapping ability ofArthrobotrys robustaandMonacrosporium gephyropagumon infective larvae ofStrongyloides papillosus
Authors: Gonzalez Cruz M.E. , Mendoza de Gives P. , Quiroz Romero H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn anin vitrotrial, the trapping ability ofArthrobotrys robustaandMonacrosporium gephyropagumagainstStrongyloides papillosusinfective larvae on corn meal agar plates, was evaluated after seven days of interaction at 25°C.Monacrosporium gephyropagumtrapped 93.1% of the larvae whereasA. robustatrapped only 32.3%. Variability in the capture ofS. papillosusinfective larvae by both trapping fungi is discussed.
Morphological and developmental characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus derived from sheep, cattle and camels in Iran
Authors: Hosseini S.H. , Eslami A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEchinococcus granulosus is widely distributed throughout Iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. In this study, the development and morphological characteristics of E. granulosus of sheep, cattle and camel origin were compared and, overall, the characteristics of larval and adult isolates from sheep and cattle, although similar, showed significant differences from those of the camel isolates, especially with respect to the size of rostellar hooks. Differences in the fertility rates of hydatid cyst in sheep, cattle and camel were recorded as 88%, 19% and 70% respectively.In dogs experimentally infected with the three ‘strains’ of E. granulosus, the rate of development was more rapid in the camel than in the sheep and cattle ‘strain’. In addition, adult E. granulosus derived from the camel demonstrate differences in worm length, segmentation and size, shape, number and arrangement of the genitalia when compared with worms derived from sheep and cattle. The epidemiological significance of these findings is discussed in relation to human hydatid infections in Iran.
Effects of Echinostoma caproni infection on the phospholipid and sphingolipid content of the intestinal mucosa of ICR mice
Authors: Albrecht B.K. , Fried B. , Sherma J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHigh performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to determine phospholipids and sphingolipids in the intestinal mucosa of ICR mice infected with Echinostoma caproni for two weeks. The major phospholipids detected in both infected and non-infected mucosa were phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). HPTLC-densitometric analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in the weight of both PC and PE in the intestinal mucosa of infected mice compared to that of the uninfected controls. Cerebrosides and sulphatides, but not sphingomyelin, were identified in the intestinal mucosa of both infected and uninfected hosts. There was an apparent increase in the cerebroside content of the mucosa of infected versus control mice. The pathobiochemical changes seen in the polar lipid content of infected hosts probably reflect the feeding and behavioural activities of E. caproni in the mouse intestine.