bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUS‐immunoreactive inclusions are a common feature in sporadic and non‐SOD1 familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Deng Han‐Xiang , Zhai Hong , Bigio Eileen H. , Yan Jianhua , Fecto Faisal , Ajroud Kaouther , Mishra Manjari , Ajroud‐Driss Senda , Heller Scott , Sufit Robert , Siddique Nailah , Mugnaini Enrico , Siddique Teepu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disorder of motor neuron degeneration. Most cases of ALS are sporadic (SALS), but about 5 to 10% of ALS cases are familial (FALS). Recent studies have shown that mutations in FUS are causal in approximately 4 to 5% of FALS and some apparent SALS cases. The pathogenic mechanism of the mutant FUS‐mediated ALS and potential roles of FUS in non‐FUS ALS remain to be investigated.MethodsImmunostaining was performed on postmortem spinal cords from 78 ALS cases, including SALS (n = 52), ALS with dementia (ALS/dementia, n = 10), and FALS (n = 16). In addition, postmortem brains or spinal cords from 22 cases with or without frontotemporal lobar degeneration were also studied. In total, 100 cases were studied.ResultsFUS‐immunoreactive inclusions were observed in spinal anterior horn neurons in all SALS and FALS cases, except for those with SOD1 mutations. The FUS‐containing inclusions were also immunoreactive with antibodies to TDP43, p62, and ubiquitin. A fraction of tested FUS antibodies recognized FUS inclusions, and specific antigen retrieval protocol appeared to be important for detection of the skein‐like FUS inclusions.InterpretationAlthough mutations in FUS account for only a small fraction of FALS and SALS, our data suggest that FUS protein may be a common component of the cellular inclusions in non‐SOD1 ALS and some other neurodegenerative conditions, implying a shared pathogenic pathway underlying SALS, non‐SOD1 FALS, ALS/dementia, and related disorders. Our data also indicate that SOD1‐linked ALS may have a pathogenic pathway distinct from SALS and other types of FALS. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:739–748
Human immunodeficiency virus‐associated neurocognitive disorders: Mind the gap
Authors: McArthur Justin C. , Steiner Joseph , Sacktor Ned , Nath Avi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) remain among the most common disorders in people infected with HIV, even in an era when potent antiretroviral therapy is widely deployed. This review discusses the clinical features of HANDs and the implications for more effective treatment. With the improved survival of individuals treated with antiretrovirals, comorbid conditions are increasingly salient, including particularly coinfection with hepatitis C and the effects of aging. This review attempts to answer why there appears to be a therapeutic gap between the salutary effects of antiretroviral regimens and normalization of neurological function. A second gap is found in the understanding of the pathophysiology of HANDs. This review addresses this and discusses the animal models that have helped to elucidate these mechanisms. Although triggered by productive HIV infection of brain macrophages, aberrant and sustained immune activation appears to play a major role in inducing HANDs, and may explain the often incomplete neurological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Novel therapies aimed at persistent central nervous system inflammation will be needed to close this gap. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:699–714
Anticipatory grief: an existential model for spiritual care
Authors: Gatewood Alan E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis project sought through spiritual care, demonstrated in an intentional small group process, to promote theological reflection about meaningful living. The desired effect was to know the fact of one's death to be an impetus for life.Methodology entailed determination of issues the participants wanted addressed as well as delineation of the mechanics of the phenomenon of anticipatory grief. The project showed a positive correlation between a constructive sense of anticipatory grief and a sense of meaning for life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peri‐ and postnatal rodent development of Hematide, an erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent
Authors: Lewis Elise M. , Hoberman Alan M. , Fong Kei‐Lai , Schatz Peter J. , Wilson Susan D. , Woodburn Kathryn W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aperi‐ and postnatal reproduction toxicity study was conducted in rats treated with Hematide, a synthetic PEGylated peptidic erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA). METHODS: Hematide, at IV doses of 0, 0.5, 3, and 15 mg/kg, was administered from implantation through lactation on gestation days (GDs) 5 and 18 and lactation day (LD) 13. RESULTS: Hematide induced pronounced polycythemia in all Hematide‐treated dams. On LDs 2 and 21, hemoglobin (Hgb) increases above control levels were 3.1, 5.2, and 5.0 g/dL and 4.1, 5.1, and 5.5 g/dL at the 0.5, 3, and 15 mg/kg/dose, respectively. There were no effects on parturition, lactation, or maternal behavior in the F0 generation female rats. A slight decrease in pup viability on postpartum days 2–4 and lower body weights and/or body weight gain for the F1 generation were associated with pronounced polycythemia and decreases in maternal body weight gain and/or food consumption at ≥3 mg/kg/dose. Hematide fetal exposure was negligible. No Hematide effect, other than on growth and survival, was noted on developmental, functional, mating, and fertility end points in the F1 generation rats, and no effect on litter or fetal parameters was observed in the F2 generation. The maternal no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) for Hematide was 0.5 mg/kg, and the NOAEL for parturition and maternal behavior was 15 mg/kg. The NOAEL for F1 pup viability and growth was 0.5 mg/kg/dose. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the Hematide‐associated adverse findings were attributed to exaggerated erythropoiesis (pronounced and prolonged polycythemia) resulting from administration of an ESA to pregnant animals. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:155–163, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Median Regression Model with Interval Censored Data
Authors: Kim Yang‐J. , Cho HyungJun , Kim Jinheum , Jhun Myoungshic 
Published: April 2010

AbstractQuantile regression methods have been used to estimate upper and lower quantile reference curves as the function of several covariates. Especially, in survival analysis, median regression models to the right‐censored data are suggested with several assumptions. In this article, we consider a median regression model for interval‐censored data and construct an estimating equation based on weights derived from interval‐censored data. In a simulation study, the performances of the proposed method are evaluated for both symmetric and right‐skewed distributed failure times. A well‐known breast cancer data are analyzed to illustrate the proposed method.
Blinded sample size recalculation in multicentre trials with normally distributed outcome
Authors: Jensen Katrin , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe internal pilot study design enables to estimate nuisance parameters required for sample size calculation on the basis of data accumulated in an ongoing trial. By this, misspecifications made when determining the sample size in the planning phase can be corrected employing updated knowledge. According to regulatory guidelines, blindness of all personnel involved in the trial has to be preserved and the specified type I error rate has to be controlled when the internal pilot study design is applied. Especially in the late phase of drug development, most clinical studies are run in more than one centre. In these multicentre trials, one may have to deal with an unequal distribution of the patient numbers among the centres. Depending on the type of the analysis (weighted or unweighted), unequal centre sample sizes may lead to a substantial loss of power. Like the variance, the magnitude of imbalance is difficult to predict in the planning phase. We propose a blinded sample size recalculation procedure for the internal pilot study design in multicentre trials with normally distributed outcome and two balanced treatment groups that are analysed applying the weighted or the unweighted approach. The method addresses both uncertainty with respect to the variance of the endpoint and the extent of disparity of the centre sample sizes. The actual type I error rate as well as the expected power and sample size of the procedure is investigated in simulation studies. For the weighted analysis as well as for the unweighted analysis, the maximal type I error rate was not or only minimally exceeded. Furthermore, application of the proposed procedure led to an expected power that achieves the specified value in many cases and is throughout very close to it.
A Confidence‐Limit‐Based Approach to the Assessment of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
Authors: Wellek Stefan , Goddard Katrina A. B. , Ziegler Andreas 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe classical χ2‐procedure for the assessment of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is tailored for detecting violations of HWE. However, many applications in genetic epidemiology require approximate compatibility with HWE. In a previous contribution to the field (Wellek, S. (2004). Biometrics, 60, 694–703), the methodology of statistical equivalence testing was exploited for the construction of tests for problems in which the assumption of approximate compatibility of a given genotype distribution with HWE plays the role of the alternative hypothesis one aims to establish. In this article, we propose a procedure serving the same purpose but relying on confidence limits rather than critical bounds of a significance test. Interval estimation relates to essentially the same parametric function that was previously chosen as the target parameter for constructing an exact conditional UMPU test for equivalence with a HWE conforming genotype distribution. This population parameter is shown to have a direct genetic interpretation as a measure of relative excess heterozygosity. Confidence limits are constructed using both asymptotic and exact methods. The new approach is illustrated by reanalyzing genotype distributions obtained from published genetic association studies, and detailed guidance for choosing the equivalence margin is provided. The methods have been implemented in freely available SAS macros.
Enantioseparation of dansyl amino acids by HPLC on a monolithic column dynamically coated with a vancomycin derivative
Authors: Pittler Elfriede , Schmid Martin G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work a chiral stationary phase was prepared by dynamically coating a monolithic reversed‐phase HPLC column with a vancomycin‐derivative as chiral selector. A hydrophobic alkyl‐chain was attached to the vancomycin molecule, providing the immobilization of the chiral selector on the reversed‐phase material. Dansyl amino acids were chosen as model analytes for testing the separation power of the dynamically coated phase. All investigated compounds were separated into their enantiomers. Compared with a conventionally packed vancomycin‐CSP, a reversal of the enantiomer elution order was obtained.
Useful Products from Complex Starting Materials: Common Chemicals from Biomass Feedstocks
Authors: Marshall Amanda‐Lynn , Alaimo Peter J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA rapidly expanding area of inquiry is the use of plant biomass for the industrial production of organic compounds for which there is high demand. This interest is fuelled largely by the anticipated decline in the supply of petroleum, and the inevitable concomitant rise in cost. Over the past 30 years, significant progress has been made toward the large‐scale conversion of plant biomass to common chemicals such as methanol, ethanol, glycerol, substituted furans, and carboxylic acids. However, examination of the list of top production organic chemicals reveals numerous opportunities for future development, including simple halocarbons, alkenes and arenes. Progress toward efficient and economical production of these challenging targets from biomass has recently been reported, and future success is likely to continue through academic and industrial collaboration.
Synthetic, Structural, and Photophysical Exploration of meso‐Pyrimidinyl‐Substituted AB2‐Corroles
Authors: Ngo Thien H. , Puntoriero Fausto , Nastasi Francesco , Robeyns Koen , Van Meervelt Luc , Campagna Sebastiano , Dehaen Wim , Maes Wouter 
Published: April 2010

Abstractmeso‐Pyrimidinyl‐substituted AB2‐corroles were efficiently synthesized starting from 5‐mesityldipyrromethane and various 2‐substituted 4,6‐dichloropyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehydes. The corrole yield was significantly enhanced by optimization of the amount of Lewis acid catalyst (BF3⋅OEt2). The main advantage of pyrimidinylcorroles over other meso‐triarylcorroles is their wide range of functionalization possibilities, which has been explored by nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, and Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions. Stepwise substitution of the chlorine functions afforded asymmetrically substituted pyrimidinylcorroles. Due to the lability of the free‐base corrole macrocycles, functionalization of the corrole periphery was preferentially performed on the Cu‐metalated counterparts. Functionalized free‐base AB2‐pyrimidinylcorroles were, however, readily accessible by the reversible sequence Cu insertion and subsequent reductive demetalation. AB2‐pyrimidinylcorroles can hence be regarded as highly versatile platforms towards more sophisticated corrole systems. X‐ray analysis of a bis(4‐tert‐butylphenoxy)‐substituted Cu–pyrimidinylcorrole showed the typical features of a Cu–corrole: short NCu distances and a saddled corrole plane. The absorption spectra and photophysical properties of some representative free‐base AB2‐pyrimidinylcorroles were examined in depth. The absorption spectra displayed typical corrole features: intense spin‐allowed π–π* bands, which can be classified as Soret‐ and Q‐type bands. The photophysical properties, investigated both in fluid solution at room temperature and in rigid matrix at 77 K, were governed by the lowest‐lying π–π* singlet state; however, in most cases, a state with partial charge‐transfer character (from the corrole ring to the pyrimidinyl group) was proposed to contribute to the dynamic properties of the emissive level.
Organization of amyloid‐β protein precursor intracellular domain‐associated protein‐1 in the rat brain
Authors: Jacob Amanda L. , Jordan Bryen A. , Weinberg Richard J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSustained activity‐dependent synaptic modifications require protein synthesis. Although proteins can be synthesized locally in dendrites, long‐term changes also require nuclear signaling. Amyloid‐β protein precursor intracellular domain‐associated protein‐1 (AIDA‐1), an abundant component of the biochemical postsynaptic density fraction, contains a nuclear localization sequence, making it a plausible candidate for synapse‐to‐nucleus signaling. We used immunohistochemistry to study the regional, cellular, and subcellular distribution of AIDA‐1. Immunostaining was prominent in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and neostriatum. Along with diffuse staining of neuropil, fluorescence microscopy revealed immunostaining of excitatory synapses throughout the forebrain, and immunoreactive puncta within and directly outside the nucleus. Presynaptic staining was conspicuous in hippocampal mossy fibers. Electron microscopic analysis of material processed for postembedding immunogold revealed AIDA‐1 label within postsynaptic densities in both hippocampus and cortex. Together with previous work, these data suggest that AIDA‐1 serves as a direct signaling link between synapses and the nucleus in adult rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3221–3236, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional distribution of NO sources in a primary mechanosensory integration center in the locust and its implications for volume signaling
Authors: Münch Daniel , Ott Swidbert R. , Pflüger Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is an evolutionarily conserved mediator of neural plasticity. Because NO is highly diffusible, signals from multiple sources might combine in space and time to affect the same target. Whether such cooperative effects occur will depend on the effective signaling range and on the distances of NO sources to one another and to their targets. These anatomical parameters have been quantified in only few systems. We analyzed the 3D architecture of NO synthase (NOS) expression in a sensory neuropil, the ventral association center (VAC) of the locust. High‐resolution confocal microscopy revealed NOS immunoreactive fiber boutons in submicrometer proximity to both the axon terminals of sensory neurons and their postsynaptic target, interneuron A4I1. Pharmacological manipulation of NO signaling affected the response of A4I1 to individual wind‐puff stimuli and the response decrement during repetitive stimulation. Mapping NOS immunoreactivity in defined volumes around dendrites of A4I1 revealed NOS‐positive fiber boutons within 5 μm of nearly every surface point. The mean distances between neighboring NOS‐boutons and between any point within the VAC and its nearest NOS‐bouton were likewise about 5 μm. For an NO signal to convey the identity of its source, the effective signaling range would therefore have to be less than 5 μm, and shorter still when multiple boutons release NO simultaneously. The architecture is therefore well suited to support the cooperative generation of volume signals by interaction between the signals from multiple active boutons. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:2903–2916, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lingual and palatal gustatory afferents each depend on both BDNF and NT‐4, but the dependence is greater for lingual than palatal afferents
Authors: Patel Ami V. , Huang Tao , Krimm Robin F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNeurons of the geniculate ganglion innervate taste buds located in two spatially distinct targets, the tongue and palate. About 50% of these neurons die in Bdnf−/− mice and Ntf4/5−/− mice. Bdnf−/−/Ntf4/5−/− double mutants lose 90–95% of geniculate ganglion neurons. To determine whether different subpopulations are differentially influenced by neurotrophins, we quantified neurons from two ganglion subpopulations separately and remaining taste buds at birth within each target field in wild‐type, Bdnf−/−, Ntf4/5−/−, and Bdnf−/−/Ntf4/5−/− mice. In wild‐type mice the same number of neurons innervated the anterior tongue and soft palate and each target contained the same number of taste buds. Compared to wild‐type mice, Bdnf−/− mice showed a 50% reduction in geniculate neurons innervating the tongue and a 28% loss in neurons innervating the soft palate. Ntf4/5−/− mice lost 58% of the neurons innervating the tongue and 41% of the neurons innervating the soft palate. Taste bud loss was not as profound in the NT‐4 null mice compared to BDNF‐null mice. Tongues of Bdnf−/−/Ntf4/5−/− mice were innervated by 0 to 4 gustatory neurons and contained 3 to 16 taste buds at birth, indicating that some taste buds remain even when all innervation is lost. Thus, gustatory neurons are equally dependent on BDNF and NT‐4 expression for survival, regardless of what peripheral target they innervate. However, taste buds are more sensitive to BDNF than NT‐4 removal. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3290–3301, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence regarding the integrity of the posterior medial lateral suprasylvian visual area in the cat
Authors: Sherk Helen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAmong the areas of lateral suprasylvian visual cortex in cats defined by Palmer et al. (J Comp Neurol [1978] 177:237–256), PMLS (posterior lateral suprasylvian area) has been the most studied. Although PMLS has strong and well‐documented connections with area 17, it is unclear whether these connections extend to its upper visual field representation. We asked what cortical areas send input to the upper field representation in PMLS by making tracer injections in areas 17, 19, and posterior suprasylvian cortex. Tracer injections made in area 17's upper field representation in 15 cats failed to label the corresponding region in PMLS. Instead, they showed that area 17 is strongly connected with the posterior bank of the posterior suprasylvian sulcus (pSS), a region attributed by Palmer et al. to area 21a. Injections in area 19 had the same outcome. We consider this posterior upper field representation plus the lower field representation in PMLS to belong to a single area, LS (lateral suprasylvian visual area). Our data suggest that the upper field representation in PMLS belongs to a different area, most likely AMLS (anterior medial lateral suprasylvian area). J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3343–3358, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studying Surface Chemistry beyond the Diffraction Limit: 10 Years of TERS
Authors: Domke Katrin F. , Pettinger Bruno 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe use of an illuminated scanning probe tip to greatly enhance Raman scattering from the sample underneath the tip is one of the most intriguing developments in optical spectroscopy, and the steeply increasing number of publications per year shows that chemists, physicists and biologists alike recognize the importance and great potential of this technique. With tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), one of the main goals in surface science has been achieved, namely the combination of scanning probe microscopy and optical spectroscopy such as Raman spectroscopy. Important here is the use of the tip as an optical antenna to substantially increase the emitted radiation and to simultaneously improve the optical resolution much beyond the Abbe diffraction limit. This permits the correlation of topographic and chemical information of the same surface region. The synergy of detailed insight in morphology and the chemical nature of the target species facilitates data interpretation significantly and enables characterization of interfaces at the nanometer scale. A wide variety of substrates and sample molecules have been studied with TERS since the first publication of tip‐enhanced Raman spectra, and the technique has reached a first level of maturity on its 10th birthday, with TERS applications extending into various research fields from surface chemistry over biology to nanoscale physics.
Entropy Effects in Atom Distribution and Electrochemical Properties of AuxPt1−x/Pt(111) Surface Alloys
Authors: Bergbreiter Andreas , Alves Otávio B. , Hoster Harry E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report on the structural and electrochemical properties of AuxPt1−x surface alloys prepared by Au vapour deposition onto Pt(111) followed by annealing to 1000 K. Driven by configurational entropy, Pt and Au atoms are distributed homogeneously over the surface. On the nm scale, however, atomically resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy images with chemical contrast reveal the formation of nm‐sized Pt‐rich and Au‐rich aggregates, similar to the behaviour recently reported for PdxRu1−x/Ru(0001) [H. Hartmann, T. Diemant, A. Bergbreiter, J. Bansmann, H. E. Hoster, R. J. Behm, Surf. Sci. 2009, 603, 1439]. Based on the STM data, we determine the abundance of specific adsorption sites for different Au contents, and we derive effective pair interaction parameters that allow reproducing the lateral distribution in Monte Carlo simulations. Cyclic voltammograms of the surface alloys have many similarities with Pt(111). Had and OHad related features both decrease with increasing amount of Au. Both seem to adsorb only on Pt sites, but Had requires smaller ensembles of Pt atoms than OHad. The onset potential for Had‐formation decreases with increasing Au content. This is can be explained by an effect of the Au atoms on the entropy of adsorption.