bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology of Species ofBombusLatr. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Southern Alberta. V. SubgenusSubterraneobombusVogt
Authors: Hobbs G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBoth Nearctic species ofSubterraneobombusoccur in southern Alberta, butBombus(Subterraneobombus)appositusCress. is confined to the wooded areas whereasB. (S.)borealisKby. is confined to the prairie. Both are adaptable in their nest-selecting habits and are among the latest species ofBombusto emerge and establish nests in their respective habitats.Both species made large first broods;B.appositusaveraged 13 ± 3 cocoons in 119 first broods.B.appositusnever had more than two broods of workers, andB.borealishad only one. Both constructed pollen pockets beside and beneath the young larvae of the second and succeeding broods. Queens ofB.appositusrequired about 23 days to rear the first workers. The largest workers of both species were considerably smaller than average-sized queens. Colonies of both species were relatively small; those ofB.appositusaveraged less than 100 individuals, the largest being 246. Both species were apparently sparse producers of wax.Queens of both species apparently mated with males in the nest or immediately upon leaving the nest. New queens ofB.appositusdug about one inch into the ground to hibernate.Females of the cuckoo bee,Psithyrus insularis(Sm.), succeeded in having their young reared to maturity in nests ofB.appositus.
Five New Species of Cyclocephala Latreille From North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Howden H. F. , Endrödi S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFive new species of Cyclocephala are described as follows: C. miamiensis from Florida, U.S.A., C. arenosa from Sonora, Mexico, C. sinaloae from the west coast of Mexico from Sonora to Jalisco, C. forcipulata from Sinaloa and Nayarit, Mexico, and C. virkkii from San Salvador, El Salvador.
Effects of Tagging Amounts of Radioactive Phosphorus on Adults of the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Dustan G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFeeding adults of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), on a tagging solution of P32 containing 20–50 μc./ml. had no apparent effect on their longevity, mating, fecundity, and motility or on the viability of their eggs. The rate of 20–50 μc./ml. was in the range used for dispersal studies. Moths thus tagged had radioactivities of about 1500–2500 c.p.m.Female moths fed on solutions of P32 at 100 μc./ml. showed counting rates of more than 5000 c.p.m. These females, when mated with normal males, laid approximately 33% fewer eggs than normal females. Also, the fertility of the eggs was reduced by about 25% when only the female parent was radioactive and 15% when only the male parent was radioactive to the extent of over 5000 c.p.m.
A New Species ofRoederiodesCoquillett (Diptera: Empididae) From Utah, With Additional Notes on the Genus
Authors: Chillcott J. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species,Roederiodes petersoni, described from Utah, is a member of thejunctagroup, distinguished by its smooth face and incomplete postocular bristle row. Brief notes on distribution and synonymy of other species of the genus are given.
A List of Aphids From Quebec With Descriptions of Two New Species (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)
Authors: Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA list of 169 aphid species occurring in the Province of Quebec is given. Two new species: Stegophylla quercina n. sp. from Quercus, and Heterocallis daviaulti n. g., n. sp. from Carex are described.
The Spatial Distribution of Cocoons ofNeodiprion swaineiMiddleton in a Jack Pine Stand: I. A Cartographic Analysis of Cocoon Distribution, With Special Reference to Predation by Small Mammals
Authors: McLeod J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsight into the source of aggregation in the spatial distribution of cocoons of the Swaine jack-pine sawfly,Neodiprion swaineiMiddleton was gained by the use of special techniques enabling the sampling of units of forest floor in contiguous 2 × 2-inch square samples, as well as by randomized one-square-foot samples taken over a larger area. It was concluded that cocoon distribution is initially random but marked aggregation results from the subsequent transportation of cocoons into feeding stations by predacious small mammals, mostly of the genusSorex. The feeding stations tended to be distributed near decaying stems and stumps on the forest floor, a factor which augmented the extent of aggregation. Of cocoons not preyed upon by small mammals, slightly higher counts were recorded directly under crown canopies as opposed to open areas, at a tree density of approximately 920 per acre.
A Primitive New Species of Kristotomus Mason (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKristotomus simplex is described from Japan. It is the most primitive member of its genus and appears closely related to Orthomiscus Mason. A key is given to distinguish the Japanese species of Kristotomus, Orthomiscus, Kerrichia, and closely related forms.
The Effect of Attack by the Ambrosia Beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) on Log Attractiveness
Authors: Chapman J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of attack by the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) on log attractiveness was studied using "greenhouse" cages, in which solar heating causes release of odor-bearing air beneath glass-barrier traps. In all eight replicates of a test, attack by female beetles was followed by a marked increase in attractiveness of logs. This "secondary" attraction was strong within 2–3 days after attack, continued for many weeks if females remained alone, but disappeared following mating.
The Rediscovery of Agabus audeni Wallis, and a Note on Agabus coxalis Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Carr John L. , Leech Hugh B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAgabus audeni Wallis, known only by the type from south-central British Columbia, is recorded from the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains just west of Calgary in southern Alberta. There are notes on its ecology and on its separation from other species, with a key to A. audeni and A. browni Leech. The Holarctic A. coxalis Sharp is discussed, and the Nearctic form referred for the first time to the subspecies ermaki (Zaitzev). Specific characters are illustrated.
Insect Predators of Univoltine Mosquitoes in Woodland Pools of the Pre-Cambrian Shield in Ontario
Authors: James H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMosquito larvae tagged with radioactive P32 were released in woodland pools to identify their predators. Fourteen of 38 species of aquatic insects collected had ingested tagged Aedes. The leading predators were Dytiscidae and one species each of Gyrinus, Gerris, Callicorixa, and Asynarchus. Records are new for Asynarchus sp., Callicorixa audeni Hung., Dytiscus sp., Gerris buenoi Kirk., and Ilybius discedens Shp. The mosquito predator fauna at Cordova Mines and that of previously studied pools at Chatterton, Ontario, are compared.
Climbing Night-shade as a Host of the Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Wilde Walter H. A. 
Published: December 2009

In Ontario, pear has been the only recorded host of the pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster (Goble 1963), although in other areas of the world Quince, Downy Chess Grass, and apple twigs have also been reported (Smith 1941; Swirski 1954; and Wilde 1963).Numbers of pear psylla adults were observed on climbing night-shade, Solanum dulcamara L. (Muenscher 1955) growing as cover crop in a pear orchard near Paris, Ontario, in 1965. Regular observation of psylla occurrence on this plant host throughout the growing season indicated that P. pyricola Foer. could complete its life cycle on S. dulcamara; eggs and nymphal stages up to the hard-shell stage, as well as cast nymphal skins, were observed on this host. Egg mortality was noted on those portions of S. dulcamara that were damaged showed severe wilting characteristics. Egg and second-instar nymph on the undersurface of the leaf of S. dulcamara are illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.
Resistance in Cabbage to the Cabbage Maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché)
Authors: Matthewman W. G. , Lyall L. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFour of ten common varieties of cabbage tested at Ottawa from 1960 to 1963 were slightly or moderately resistant to Hylemya brassicae. Red Acre was the most resistant and Viking Golden Acre the most susceptible of the ten. Red Acre and Danish Ballhead were damaged less than Viking Golden Acre and harbored fewer maggots. Market Topper and Jersey Wakefield were also damaged less than Viking Golden Acre but harbored as many maggots. Resistance in Red Acre and Danish Ballhead was evidently due chiefly to low-attractiveness, and in Jersey Wakefield and Market Topper to tolerance. Differences in plant height and width, either between or within varieties, had little effect on the numbers of eggs laid on the plants. Of the Hylemya specimens identified, 99% of the eggs, 89% of the larvae, and 83% of the pupae were of H. brassicae and the remainder were of the H. liturata-platura complex.
Photoperiod Control of an ‘Obligatory’ Pupal Diapause
Authors: Mansingh Ajai , Smallman B. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEvidence is provided that an obligatory pupal diapause is controlled by photoperiod. Diapause in H. cecropia is induced and maintained by a 12-hour photoperiod, and prevented or terminated by a 17-hour photoperiod; in either case, the incidence of diapause is graded according to the developmental stage at which the light regime is imposed. The validity of the distinction between "facultative" and "obligatory" diapause is discussed in the light of these results.
Dermanyssus gallinoides n. sp. (Mesostigmata: Laelaptoidea: Dermanyssidae), an Acarine Parasite of Woodpeckers in Western North America
Authors: Moss W. Wayne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDermanyssus gallinoides is described as a new species of mite. It is parasitic on a sapsucker in British Columbia and has been collected from the nests of a red-shafted flicker and Lewis’ woodpecker in Colorado.
Some Mechanisms That Affect the Sex Ratio ofNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Reared From Superparasitized Housefly Pupae
Authors: Wylie H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFemaleNasonia vitripennis(Walk.) parasitizing housefly (Musca domesticaL.) pupae produce a smaller percentage of female progeny at high parasite:host ratios than at lower ones because they fertilize a smaller percentage of their eggs (in this species unfertilized eggs produce male progeny), and because more female than male larvae die on superparasitized hosts. The adult females fertilize relatively fewer eggs at high than at low parasite:host ratios for two reasons. First, they encounter relatively more previously attacked hosts, on which they lay a smaller percentage of fertilized eggs than on previously unattacked ones; second, they more often encounter other female parasites while ovipositing, and this interference reduces the percentage of fertilized eggs they lay.
A Quantitative Method for Assessing the Nuisance Caused by Non-biting Aquatic Insects
Authors: Corbet Philip S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA quantitative method is described for measuring the nuisance caused by non-biting aquatic insects (Chironomidae, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera) in the absence of a human observer. Threshold nuisance densities referring to different human occupations are given; and application of the method is discussed.
A New Species of Paraprosalpia Villeneuve (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reared From a Beetle Larva
Authors: Chillcott J. G. , James H. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParaprosalpia dytisci new species is described from a larva, puparia, and adults reared from a dead larva of Dytiscus fasciventris Say, collected in southern Ontario.
Larval Descriptions of Zeiraphera pacifica Freeman and Epinotia hopkinsana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Condrashoff S. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFull-grown larvae of Zeiraphera pacifica Freeman and Epinotia hopkinsana (Kearfott) are described and figured.
Studies With Whitefly Parasites of Southern California: I.Encarsia pergandiellaHoward (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Gerling Dan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies on the biology ofEncarsia pergandiellaHoward, a solitary, arrhenotokous endoparasite, revealed that fertilized eggs, which give rise to females, are deposited in whitefly nymphs preferably in second, third or fourth instar, while unfertilized eggs, which give rise to males, are deposited inEncarsialarvae at whose expense they develop. The parasite adults were observed to feed on body fluids of whitefly nymphs. Both sexes have a pupal and three larval stages, and development from egg to adult at approximately 75° F. takes 15 days for the females and 13 to 14 days for the males. Mean longevity of the females at constant and fluctuating temperatures was studied. Actual mean fecundity at 75 ± 4° F. was 48.5 eggs per female, all of which were deposited during the first 70% of her life, provided hosts were abundant. Field observations revealed thatE.pergandiellawas present throughout the year, reaching highest numbers in the spring and summer. The parasite does not have an obligatory period of dormancy for all of its individuals.E.pergandiellawas not able to prevent whiteflies from causing heavy damage to plants. The reason may be in the discrepancy between the rate of increase of the whitefly and the parasite.
Notes on Canthonini of the “Biologia Centrali-Americana” and Descriptions of New Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Howden Henry F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe species ofMegathopa,Canthon, andDeltochilumincluded in the Biologia Centrali-Americana are discussed, information on distribution is included, and references affecting the status of some of the species are cited. Lectotypes are designated forCanthon lamprimusBates,Deltochilum parileBates,Deltochilum gibbosum sublaeveBates,Deltochilum lobipesBates, andDeltochilum scabriusculumBates. The following new species and subspecies are described:Canthon morseifrom Veracruz, Mexico,Canthon coahuilenisfrom Coahuila, Mexico,Deltochilum gibbosum panamensisfrom Bocas del Toro, Panama,Deltochilum scabriusculum montanumfrom Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, andDeltochilum tumidumfrom Mexico, Morelos, and Sinaloa, Mexico.
Far Infrared Spectra of Mosquito Repellents
Authors: Rayner H. B. , Wright R. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMosquito-repellent chemicals tend to absorb far infrared radiation (below 600 cm.−1) more strongly than do non-repellents of comparable molecular weight. The correlation is probably less direct than was previously supposed, and is hardly strong enough to be used as a primary screening technique.
A Synopsis of the westermanni Group of the Genus Euxoa Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) With Descriptions of Two New Species
Authors: Hardwick D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe westermanni group of the genus Euxoa is defined, and a key to the eleven constituent North American species is presented. Two species are described as new: chimoensis from Fort Chimo, Quebec, and luteomaculata from montane areas of southern Alberta, southern British Columbia, and northern Washington.
Life History, Habits, and Damage of the Boxelder Leaf Gall Midge, Contarinia negundifolia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan
Authors: Wilson Louis F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe boxelder leaf gall midge is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge after the first few warm days in April, and deposit numerous eggs within the folded young leaves of boxelder (Acer negundo L.). Larval eclosion occurs a few days later, and gall development begins shortly after. Head capsule measurements revealed three larval instars. Third-instar larvae drop to the ground near the end of May, work their way into the soil, and construct cocoons. Pupation occurs in late August, and overwintering takes place in the pupal stage. Because oviposition occurs almost always on leaves in a certain stage of development and an estimated 50% of leaves will therefore escape attack, host mortality apparently cannot be caused by this insect.
A Review of Monelliopsis Richards, With Descriptions of Two New Species (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMonelliopsis Richards is composed of small, pale aphids that occur mainly on the Juglandaceae and only in North America. The five known species are: caryae (Monell), nigropunctata (Granovsky), pleurialis Richards, bisetosa new species, and tuberculata new species. The new species were discovered in Chihuahua, Mexico. Monelliopsis nigropunctata is redescribed because the cotypes are a mixture of two species. A key to the known species is given.
The Role of Predators and Other Biotic Agents in Regulating the Population Density of Phytophagous Mites in Ontario Peach Orchards
Authors: Putman W. L. , Herne D. H. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMore than 40 species of insects and arachnids attack Panonychus ulmi (Koch), Tetranychus urticae Koch, T. canadensis (McGregor), Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson, or Aculus cornutus (Banks) in peach orchards of the Niagara Peninsula. The most effective predators attacking P. ulmi are Typhlodromus caudiglans Schuster, Haplothrips faurei Hood, Stethorus punctillum Weise, and Chrysopa spp. Peach orchards lack the predatory mirids characteristic of apple orchards. A condition, presumably disease, caused heavy mortality in one year. Endemic densities of P. ulmi are maintained in that state by predators, chiefly T. caudiglans, that subsist to a considerable extent on other sources of food, whereas epidemics of P. ulmi are reduced largely by other predators, chiefly H. faurei and S. punctillum, that increase in numbers by feeding on the mite during its period of rapid population growth but exert their greatest effect later in the season by destroying the winter eggs.
Chrysomelinae and Curculionidae (Coleoptera); Descriptions and Notes
Authors: Brown W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpecies and subspecies described as new are Chrysomelinae: Cbrysomela sonorae from Arizona and Mexico; Curculionidae: Anthonomus (Coccotorus) pumilae pumilae from Ontario, A. (C.) pumilae major from Manitoba, Conotrachelus corni from Ontario and Manitoba, and Hexarthrum thujae from British Columbia. Diorymerelhis Champion 1908 is synonymized with Stethobaris LeConte 1876; the genus evidently depends on orchids. A key to all species of Coccotorus is offered. The occurrence of local races in Chrysolina subsulcata (Mann.) and C. magniceps (J. Shalb.) is noted.
Expanding Distribution and Evolutionary Potential of Thymelicus lineola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), an Introduced Skipper, With Special Reference to its Appearance in British Columbia
Authors: Burns John M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThymelicus lineola, a univoltine grass-eating skipper introduced into southern Ontario from the Palearctic prior to 1910, is spreading rapidly and extensively in North America, moving outward in all directions from its origin. Its present distribution (doubtless inadequately known) includes parts of Michigan, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and Connecticut; Edmundston, New Brunswick; all of southern Ontario northeast to Ottawa, plus Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, and Fort William; and Terrace, British Columbia. (The last record may stem from an independent introduction from Eurasia.) Dispersal and colonization are probably much aided (unwittingly) by man. Range expansion often seems to involve a sequence of events (associated with founding of initially small colonies that rather quickly reach high population densities) that may promote rapid evolutionary differentiation of populations.
A Description of a New Subspecies of Helicoverpa pallida Hardwick With Notes on the Heliothidinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Hardwick D. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new subspecies, Helicoverpa pallida nihoaensis, from Nihoa Island, Hawaii, is described. Additional distributional data for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in Hawaii are presented, and pupal diapause in a Sudan population of H. armigera (Hbn.) is discussed. The present generic assignment of Heliothis pauliana Viette is questioned, and Chloridea chilensis (Hamp.) is transferred to the genus Schinia.
Orchard Assessment of the Sterile Male Technique for Control of the Codling Moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Proverbs M. D. , Newton J. R. , Logan D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSterile male codling moths, exposed as pupae to 40 krad of gamma radiation and released in an abandoned 20-tree apple orchard for 3 years, reduced the percentage of fruits injured by mature or almost mature second-brood larvae from 4.94 to 0.05. Numbers of sterile males released, ratios of sterile to fertile males during peak emergence of first-brood moths, and numbers of overwintering larvae were: 1961 (3 DDT sprays applied) — 0, 0:1, 400; 1962 — 21,300, 8:1, 957; 1963 — 67,500, 21:1, 43; 1964 — 89,200, 715:1, 6.
The Relation of Thrips to Pansy Spot on Apples
Authors: Madsen Harold F. , Jack Ian D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPansy spot, a discoloration of the skin of McIntosh and Spartan apples, was shown to be a reaction of the apples to the egg punctures of thrips. Periodic sampling of apple blossoms and native hosts associated with apple orchards showed that Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was the dominant species. The adult thrips moved from host to host as each came into flower, and apples were but one of several hosts attacked during the early spring.The thrips were most numerous in apple blossoms during the bloom period, and oviposited in the flower parts. The adult thrips left the apples after the bloom period, and the nymphs that hatched from the eggs developed in the calyx end of the young fruit. When the nymphs matured they oviposited in the young apple before leaving for other hosts. The area of apple skin surrounding the thrips egg developed the typical pansy spot symptoms. Other apple varieties were also attacked, but did not develop pansy spots.It was evident that the best time to apply control measures was at the petal fall period, when nymphal thrips were present but before damage was caused to the young apples.
The European Praying Mantis (Mantis religiosaL.) as a Predator of the Red-legged Grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum(De Geer))
Authors: Mook L. J. , Davies D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRadioactive phosphorus was used as a tracer in assessing the number of red-legged grasshoppers (Melanoplus femurrubrum(De Geer)) eaten by the European praying mantis (Mantis religiosaL.) under seminatural conditions. The predator showed a functional response to changing prey densities with a continuously decreasing increase in the number of prey removed from the population.
Sterilization of Onion Maggots by Irradiation With Cesium-137
Authors: McClanahan R. J. , Simmons H. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPupae of the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), did not complete their development when irradiated with 3.0 kiloroentgens within five days of pupal formation. Older pupae were not adversely affected. Females from treated pupae were sterile and laid no eggs when caged with normal males. The males from treated pupae were sterilized to a high degree, yet normal females mated with them and laid normal complements of eggs. Less than 0.2% of 10,616 eggs laid by normal females caged with sterile males hatched. A 6:1 ratio of sterile to normal flies reduced egg hatch to 1.7%.