bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PRICE OF MULTI-ORGANIZATION CONSTRAINT IN UNRELATED PARALLEL MACHINE SCHEDULING
Authors: OOSHITA FUKUHITO , IZUMI TOMOKO , IZUMI TAISUKE 
Published: May 2012

We consider the parallel computing environment where m organizations provide machines and several jobs to be executed. While cooperation of organizations is required to minimize the global makespan, each organization also expects the faster completion of its own jobs primarily and thus it is not necessarily cooperative. To handle the situations, we formulate the α-cooperative multi-organization scheduling problem (α-MOSP), where α ≥ 1 is a parameter representing the degree of cooperativeness. α-MOSP minimizes the makespan under the multi-organization constraint that each organization does not allow the completion time of its own jobs to be delayed α times of that in the case where those jobs are executed by itself.First, we reveal the relation between the makespan and the degree of cooperativeness. We show that the multi-organization constraint may degrade the optimal makespan by m times for α = 1, while the degradation ratio is bounded by α/(α - 1) for α > 1. This implies that weak cooperation improves the makespan dramatically. Second, we study the complexity of α-MOSP. We show its strongly NP-hardness and inapproximability for the approximation factor less than max {(α + 1)/α, 3/2}. We also show the hardness of transformation from an optimal schedule under no multi-organization constraint to an optimal schedule for α-MOSP. This result is a witness for inexistence of a general polynomial-time transformation algorithm that preserves the approximation ratio.
Regional Variation in Recommended Treatments for Ischemic Stroke and TIA
Authors: Allen Norrina B. , Kaltenbach Lisa , Goldstein Larry B. , Olson DaiWai M. , Smith Eric E. , Peterson Eric D. , Schwamm Lee , Lichtman Judith H. 
Published: May 2012

Background and Purpose—
Secondary stroke prevention treatments vary in different regions of the US. We determined the degree to which guideline-recommended stroke treatments vary by region for patients treated at hospitals participating in a voluntary national quality improvement program, Get With The Guidelines-Stroke.

Methods—
Receipt of 8 guideline-recommended treatments (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, antihypertensives, antithrombotics, anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, lipid-lowering medications at discharge, smoking cessation counseling, weight loss education) and defect-free care were compared in 4 US regions among eligible patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack; there was adjustment for patient demographics, medical history, and hospital characteristics.

Results—
Among 991 995 admissions (South, 37%; Northeast, 27.6%; Midwest, 19.3%; West, 15.9%). Receipt varied regionally for tissue-type plasminogen activator (58.2%–67.8%), lipid-lowering medications (72.5%–75.7%), antihypertensives (80.1%–83.6%), antithrombotics (95.6%–96.8%), deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis (88.0%–91.4%), weight loss education (49.3%–54.7%), and defect-free care (72.1%–76.5%). In adjusted analyses, patients in the South had lower odds of use of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (OR [95% CI]; 0.82 [0.69–0.97]), antihypertensives (0.82 [0.67–0.99]), and defect-free care (0.83 [0.75–0.92]); but, they were more likely to receive lipid-lowering medications (1.28 [1.05–1.54]) compared with those in the Northeast. Patients in the Midwest had lower odds of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator administration (0.82 [0.68–0.99]) and defect-free care (0.81 [0.72–0.92]). Those in the West had lower odds of antihypertensives (0.81 [0.67–0.99]), but had greater odds of receiving lipid-lowering medications (1.26 [1.03–1.53]).

Conclusions—
Despite relatively high rates of adherence to stroke-related therapies in Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals, regional variations exist, with over one quarter of patients receiving suboptimal care. Systematic improvements may lead to better patient outcomes.
An Interview with Annette Vande Gorne, Part 2
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Annette Vande Gorne, renowned composer of electroacoustic music, discusses her multi-faceted career in a two-part interview. In this second part of the interview, Vande Gorne reveals her compositional strategy for her current project (her acousmatic opera Yawar Fiesta) as well as for other electroacoustic genres–notably, acousmatic works, mixed works, and sound installations. Vande Gorne also discusses the fundamental importance of the art of interpreting sound in space, and explains the instrument of interpretation (the acousmonium) and her use of it. Additionally, Vande Gorne reflects on her teaching, most recently at the Conservatoire Royal de Mons, Belgium, where she conceived a section of electroacoustic studies. During her tenure as professor of acousmatic composition, she has conveyed her personal artistic aesthetic alongside the French electroacoustic aesthetic to several generations of composers in Europe and beyond. Other topics in this part of the interview include Musiques & Recherches (Vande Gorne's center for electroacoustic music) and her well-known acousmatic festival L’Espace du Son.
An Offline, Automatic Mixing Method for Live Music, Incorporating Multiple Sources, Loudspeakers, and Room Effects
Authors: Terrell Michael , Sandler Mark 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA model of live performance is presented that includes simplified acoustic-environmental system models and enables the coupling behavior between multiple sources and receivers to be predicted. The model allows the mix at each location within the performance space to be evaluated as a function of the acoustic signals generated by the instruments and of the control parameters on the mixing desk, through which the instrument signals are sent before being reinforced using loudspeakers. For a set of listener locations, which includes both performers and members of the audience, ideal mixes are defined, and an optimization algorithm is developed that sets the control parameters on the mixing desk automatically, to deliver approximations of these ideal mixes to all listener locations simultaneously. The control parameters are constrained during the optimization to prevent the onset of acoustic feedback. The algorithm is examined, and we show that a targeted approach, which first sets the control parameters relating the vocal level, gives a better solution in a shorter time when compared to a brute-force approach.
Regular Expressions as Violin Bowing Patterns
Authors: Hall Cordelia , O'Donnell John T. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
String players spend a significant amount of practice time creating and learning bowings. These may be indicated in the music using up-bow and down-bow symbols, but those traditional notations do not capture the complex bowing patterns that are latent within the music. Regular expressions, a mathematical notation for a simple class of formal languages, can describe precisely the bowing patterns that commonly arise in string music. A software tool based on regular expressions enables performers to search for passages that can be handled with similar bowings, and to edit them consistently. A computer-based music editor incorporating bowing patterns has been implemented, using Lilypond to typeset the music. Our approach has been evaluated by using the editor to study ten movements from six violin sonatas by W. A. Mozart. Our experience shows that the editor is successful at finding passages and inserting bowings; that relatively complex patterns occur a number of times; and that the bowings can be inserted automatically and consistently.
Violence, Nonviolence and the Temple Incident in John 2:13-15
Authors: Alexis-Baker Andy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe temple incident has been a popular episode in Jesus' ministry from which Christians since Augustine have drawn to justify Christian violence ranging from punishing schismatics and heretics to justifying war and the death penalty. However, another tradition of reading this passage nonviolently began well before Augustine. Whether contextualizing the passage in a narrative reading so that it would have spiritual meaning or seeing the Greek grammar as disallowing that Jesus hit people with the whip, these nonviolent strategies effectively undercut any notion that Jesus' action could provide a model for Christian violence. A close reading of the Greek text, I believe, supports these nonviolent strategies for reading the text, which simply denies based on Greek grammar that Jesus used his whip on any person.
Biblical Responses: Past and Present Retellings of the Enigmatic Mrs. Job
Authors: Gravett Emily O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHer namelessness, her uneventful fulfillment of maternal duties, her short and unclear speech, and her departure after the second chapter of the book of Job have piqued, rather than quelled, interpreters' interest in Job's wife throughout history. This article first describes what little we can glean about Mrs. Job from the 'original' Masoretic Text (MT) and then tracks Mrs. Job's appearance in two post-biblical retellings: the ancient Testament of Job and a contemporary short story, “Job's Jobs,” by Aimee Bender. These retellings seem to be, in their own ways, addressing three important questions: “what kind of relationship does she have with her husband Job?,” “what effects do Job's series of tests have on her life?,” and “why might Mrs. Job have said such surprising and seemingly terrible words to her husband amidst his suffering?” It is suggested that the retellings respond in consonant ways—particularly through their development of her relationship with Job, the suffering she experiences because of his tests, and her various speaking parts. Because the similarities are found in more than one retelling, the article argues that readers can rightfully return to the biblical source material, in order to query whether the Bible implied those questions in the first place and to use their interpretations to re-read the book of Job, proffering a rich, viable, and alternative literary interpretation for the character of Mrs. Job.
You Shall Not Boil a Kid in its Mother's Milk (Exod. 23:19b; Exod. 34:26b; Deut. 14:21b): A Figure of Speech?
Authors: Mealy J. Webb 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis is a new proposal as to the meaning and genesis of that classically enigmatic text, “You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk” (Exod. 23:19b; Exod. 34:26b Deut. 14:21b). The author, after surveying the many, disparate, and often ingenious suggestions that have been put forward over more than two millennia as to the meaning of the prohibition, turns to the context (in each case involving regulations about the bringing of firstfruits of the grain harvest) as the prime key to the interpretative puzzle. On this basis he hypothesizes that the expression “boil a kid in its mother's milk” was a figure of speech used by the Hebrews to refer to a common peasant farmer's tactic for resisting oppression: the practice of secretly making up a portion of the yearly rent obligation—when possible—with surplus grain from the previous year's harvest. Two ideas create the points of contact for the metaphor: (1) the idea of mixing of parent and child generations, and (2) the idea of going back to get a second contribution from the parent which has already paid its obligation by contributing its offspring. Exegetical and archaeological evidence is adduced in support of the proposal, together with evidence about the life cycle of metaphors in language and culture.
[Re]Naming Cozbi: In Memoriam, Cozbi, daughter of Zur
Authors: Rees Anthony 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper re-reads the story of Cozbi, Zimri and Phinehas as told in Numbers 25. After establishing the significance of names as interpretive devices in Old Testament writings, the story is read as a way of examining the validity of Cozbi's name. What is found is that her name coerces us to understand the story in a particular fashion that paints her as an enemy and Phinehas as a hero, an outcome totally at odds with the text as it presents itself. Should Cozbi then be re-named? Would this redeem her from the text? Or perhaps could her name point us towards to some other way of understanding this text?
Recasting Genesis in Bronze: Ghiberti's Visual Exegesis in The Gates of Paradise
Authors: LeMon Joel M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe bronze doors of Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378–1455) on the east side of the Baptistery at Florence are composed of ten “Albertian Renaissance windows” that depict scenes from the Old Testament in stunning detail. From an art-historical perspective, these panels demonstrate a significant development in Renaissance art. Rather than depicting a single instant in a biblical narrative, Ghiberti's panels combine multiple scenes into one composite image that conveys critical elements of long and complex stories. In the first of these panels, Ghiberti illustrates God's creation of Adam and Eve, the act of disobedience at the tree, and the expulsion from the garden. Ghiberti's organization of these events, his rendering of the characters, and the various details he includes (and omits) provide a window into the mind of a sophisticated exegete. When modern biblical scholars peer through this window, we note that Eve emerges as the central figure, while Adam is a largely peripheral one. We also note how Ghiberti establishes the literary pericope for his visual exegesis in a way that generally accords with modern source-critical hypotheses about Genesis 1-3. Indeed, by illustrating certain elements of the creation story and excluding others, Ghiberti is practicing de facto source criticism. Furthermore, Ghiberti's portrayal of the various characters in the text presaged twentieth- and twenty-first-century feminist readings of Genesis 1-3, as well as modern literary-critical analysis and ethico-theological critiques.
Two Experiments on Using a Scintillometer to Infer the Surface Fluxes of Momentum and Sensible Heat
Authors: Andreas Edgar L 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA traditional use of scintillometry is to infer path-averaged values of the turbulent surface fluxes of sensible heat Hs and momentum τ (, where ρ is air density and u* is the friction velocity). Many scintillometer setups, however, measure only the path-averaged refractive-index structure parameter ; the wind information necessary for inferring u* and Hs comes from point measurements or is absent. The Scintec AG SLS20 surface-layer scintillometer system, however, measures both and the inner scale of turbulence ℓ0, where ℓ0 is related to the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy ɛ. The SLS20 is thus presumed to provide path-averaged estimates of both u* and Hs. This paper describes comparisons between SLS20-derived estimates of u* and Hs and simultaneous eddy-covariance measurements of these quantities during two experiments: one, over Arctic sea ice; and a second, over a midlatitude land site during spring. For both experiments, the correlation between scintillometer and eddy-covariance fluxes is reasonable: correlation coefficients are typically above 0.7 for the better-quality data. For both experiments, though, the scintillometer usually underestimates u* and underestimates the magnitude of Hs when compared with the corresponding eddy-covariance values. The data also tend to be more scattered when < 10−14 m−2/3: the signal-to-noise ratio for scintillometer-derived fluxes decreases as decreases. An essential question that arises during these comparisons is what similarity functions to use for inferring fluxes from the scintillometer and ℓ0 measurements. The paper thus closes by evaluating whether any of four candidate sets of similarity functions is consistent with the scintillometer data.
Excitation of Rainfall over the Tropical Western Pacific
Authors: Li Yanping , Carbone R. E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The authors have examined 4 years of satellite-derived SST and rainfall data in anticipation of a relationship between SST structure and the excitation of convective rainfall. The results exhibit a strong excitation signal consistent with the presence of mesoscale SST gradients in about 75% of approximately 10 000 rainfall onset events. Rainfall onset events occur at locations with enhanced horizontal convergence, as inferred by the Laplacian of SST on scales of order 100 km. The daily SST field exhibits multiscale patchiness, spanning a 2+°C range. The signal is disproportionately large at SSTs that are 0.25°C above the mean, near 29.5°C; disproportionately weak for SST ≤ 28.8°C; and proportionately neutral for SST ≥ 30.3°C. The calculations suggest that a characteristic strength of this lower-boundary forcing (~3 × 10−5 s−1) is approximately one order of magnitude stronger than the mean regional background forcing (~3 × 10−6 s−1). The periphery of warm oceanic patches exhibits both convergent and divergent Laplacian values of similar frequency and magnitude; however, rainfall onset favors the locally convergent locations by a 3:1 ratio.
Influence of El Niño on Midtropospheric CO2 from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and Model
Authors: Jiang Xun , Wang Jingqian , Olsen Edward T. , Liang Maochang , Pagano Thomas S. , Chen Luke L. , Licata Stephen J. , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The authors investigate the influence of El Niño on midtropospheric CO2 from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2 (MOZART-2). AIRS midtropospheric CO2 data are used to study the temporal and spatial variability of CO2 in response to El Niño. CO2 differences between the central and western Pacific Ocean correlate well with the Southern Oscillation index. To reveal the temporal and spatial variability of the El Niño signal in the AIRS midtropospheric CO2, a multiple regression method is applied to the CO2 data from September 2002 to February 2011. There is more (less) midtropospheric CO2 in the central Pacific and less (more) midtropospheric CO2 in the western Pacific during El Niño (La Niña) events. Similar results are seen in the MOZART-2 convolved midtropospheric CO2, although the El Niño signal in the MOZART-2 is weaker than that in the AIRS data.
The Effect of a Well-Resolved Stratosphere on Surface Climate: Differences between CMIP5 Simulations with High and Low Top Versions of the Met Office Climate Model
Authors: Hardiman S. C. , Butchart N. , Hinton T. J. , Osprey S. M. , Gray L. J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The importance of using a general circulation model that includes a well-resolved stratosphere for climate simulations, and particularly the influence this has on surface climate, is investigated. High top model simulations are run with the Met Office Unified Model for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). These simulations are compared to equivalent simulations run using a low top model differing only in vertical extent and vertical resolution above 15 km. The period 1960–2002 is analyzed and compared to observations and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis dataset. Long-term climatology, variability, and trends in surface temperature and sea ice, along with the variability of the annular mode index, are found to be insensitive to the addition of a well-resolved stratosphere. The inclusion of a well-resolved stratosphere, however, does improve the impact of atmospheric teleconnections on surface climate, in particular the response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the quasi-biennial oscillation, and midwinter stratospheric sudden warmings (i.e., zonal mean wind reversals in the middle stratosphere). Thus, including a well-represented stratosphere could improve climate simulation on intraseasonal to interannual time scales.
Finescale Structure of the LaGrange, Wyoming, Tornado during VORTEX2: GBVTD and Photogrammetric Analyses
Authors: Wakimoto Roger M. , Stauffer Phillip , Lee Wen-Chau , Atkins Nolan T. , Wurman Joshua 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A ground-based velocity track display (GBVTD) analysis of the LaGrange, Wyoming, tornado on 5 June 2009 during the Second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) is photogrammetrically combined with a series of pictures of the funnel cloud. This analysis reveals the relationship between the vertical velocity, radial and tangential velocities, perturbation pressure, vertical vorticity, and angular momentum with the visual features of the tornado. An intense axial downdraft was evident and was supported by a downward-directed perturbation pressure gradient. The radial inflow at low levels was weak and difficult to retrieve owing to a combination of centrifuging of hydrometeors/debris in the intense circulation and the inability of the radar beam to fully resolve the flow. The tornado was weakening during the analysis period, which was supported by angular momentum being advected out of the tornado.
The availability of a dual-Doppler wind synthesis for this tornadic event provided a unique opportunity to assess the assumptions in the GBVTD methodology. The analysis suggests that the simplified GBVTD equations that have been applied in past studies of tornadoes are not appropriate in the present case. The most accurate retrieval of the radial velocities requires that a higher-order term that is typically neglected be retained. A quantitative assessment of the impact of centrifuging of hydrometeors on the synthesized wind field was attempted. The results suggest that the radial and vertical velocity profile near and within the tornado core can be significantly altered for tornadoes (EF2) that are accompanied by a small radius of maximum wind and relatively weaker low-level inflow.
‘Our community is the worst’: The influence of cultural beliefs on stigma, relationships with family and help-seeking in three ethnic communities in London
Authors: Shefer Guy , Rose Diana , Nellums Laura , Thornicroft Graham , Henderson Claire , Evans-Lacko Sara 
Published: May 2012

Background: Existing knowledge about the cultural beliefs of black and minority ethnic (BME) communities in the UK regarding stigma and mental illness is limited. Material: Data were collected in 10 focus groups, five with service users and five with laypersons, from BME communities in London. Discussion: Thematic analysis identified that cultural beliefs regarding mental illness reflect four different voices present within the BME communities. Conclusion: The study revealed that cultural beliefs influencing both relationships with family and, consequently, help-seeking for individuals with mental illness must be considered in the development of anti-stigma interventions and when engaging communities around mental health.