bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best practice in bed management
Authors: Thomson Graeme 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring 1997/98, the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services will fund lead hospitals to develop models of best practice in bed management under the National Demonstration Hospitals Project Phase 2. The author was a member of the Steering Committee for the project and this paper is a summary of the elements of best practice identified at participating hospitals. This may aid those involved in bed management to develop their systems along best practice lines.
Gamma hydroxy butyrate overdose
Authors: Ragg Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA 17 year old girl who ingested possibly as little as 7ml of gamma hydroxy butyrate (GHB) presented to the emergency department deeply unconscious. Ambulance personnel had found her to be hypotensive with a bradycardia. Despite the fact that this drug may cause hypotension, seizures, bradyarrhythmias and coma, it is not a scheduled drug in this country.
Evolution and quality assurance of the primary examination of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Rosengarten Pamela , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe primary examination of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine is an important part of the College's training and examination structure. It is seen by many doctors undertaking a career in emergency medicine as a considerable hurdle in their training program. This paper describes the evolution of the primary examination and explains the measures that have been instituted to ensure that the examination is consistent, relevant, fair and objective.
Victorian nurses demonstrate concordance in the application of the National Triage Scale
Authors: Dilley Stuart J , Standen Pat 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis paper assesses the level of uniformity among Victorian public hospital triage nurses in utilising the National Triage Scale and compares triage agreement between nurses working in similar hospitals and with similar triage experience.MethodOne hundred and eighty eight Victorian triage nurses triaged 20 case scenarios to one of the five National Triage Scale categories and completed data relevant to their site of practice.ResultsFifteen patients were each triaged to four different triage categories. Seventeen patients had more than 90% of responses in the modal category plus one adjacent category. Kappa statistics confirmed fair inter‐rater agreement for all nurses and within each subgroup.ConclusionsAgreement among Victoria's triaging personnel appears reasonable, although there is room for improvement. Future training should adopt a statewide or nationwide approach.
The emergency management of facial fractures
Authors: Lowe Bevan , Brown Anthony 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFacial fractures are a common presentation to the emergency department. Mortality directly due to facial injuries is rare but may occur as the result of airway compromise or less commonly, torrential haemorrhage. Accurate diagnosis is required to avoid immediate and long term morbidity. Radiological assessment is an important adjunct to clinical examination, in particular where significant soft‐tissue swelling or distorted facial anatomy make this difficult. This article provides an overview and approach to the assessment and management of facial fractures.
Property, Identity, and Macroeconomy in the Prehispanic Southwest
Authors: BAYMAN JAMES M. , SULLIVAN ALAN P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTArchaeology provides a compelling perspective on the evolution of property rights and macroeconomy in precapitalist societies that lacked systems of writing. Most interpretations of macroeconomy in the Prehispanic Southwest have focused on interaction networks that emanated from “heartlands” where intensive agriculturalists were aggregated in towns along major streams. Although archaeologists are aware of communities in “hinterland” territories, they rarely consider their political economies. As a remedy, we apply common‐pool‐resource (CPR) theory to investigate hypothesized linkages between property rights and social identity in two hinterlands in Arizona: the Papagueria and the Grand Canyon. Our analyses indicate, first, that from circa C.E. 850 to C.E. 1350, local communities negotiated their social identities in a macroeconomy of fluctuating resource values and, second, that incentives for privatizing peripheral territories intensified in some areas during periods of economic competition. These findings underscore the critical role of archaeology in modeling property rights in precapitalist societies.
Two Exhibitions Resignify Aboriginality and Photographyin Australia's Visual Lexicon
Authors: Thorner Sabra 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTPhotography has long been central to the construction of Aboriginal peoples in the Australian national imaginary. In the last 20 years, the social role of photography has shifted: from origins in scopic regimes that racialized and dispossessed Aboriginal peoples to an era of contemporary reappropriation, recontextualizing colonial archives, and producing new Indigenous high art photography. Photographs are no longer stable, visible testimony of Indigenous peoples' presumed imminent decline or innate savagery but are, rather, colonial objectifications now available for resignification as evidence of kinship networks, land claims, and local knowledge systems. In July 2006, two exhibitions were spearheading these important transitions. “Colliding Worlds” opened at Melbourne Museum, and “Michael Riley: Sights Unseen” premiered at the National Gallery of Australia (NGA) in Canberra. Together, these exhibitions destabilize historical legacies of the visual in Australia's national imaginary, resignifying photography as a medium of new knowledge production, aesthetic expression, and social change.
Anthropology Faculty Job Market Report. Gendered Dimensions of Applied Work Environments: COSWA Survey Report. Doing Anthropology Well?: Panels and Proposals
Authors: Terry‐Sharp Kathleen , Brondo Keri Vacanti , Bennett Linda A , Winslow Deborah 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:“Anthropology Faculty Job Market Report,” by Kathleen Terry‐Sharp“Gendered Dimensions of Applied Work Environments: COSWA Survey Report,” by Keri Vacanti Brondo and Linda A Bennett“Doing Anthropology Well?: Panels and Proposals,” by Deborah Winslow
Canadians in Trouble Abroad: Citizenship, Personal Security, and North American Regionalization
Authors: Denis Claude 
Published: August 2010

This article concerns itself with what happens to the universal/particular character of citizenship in the context of North American regionalization. It takes as a starting point several incidents where Canadian citizens have called on their government to help them through crisis situations abroad, and then taken it to task for not helping enough. The cases analysed involve Canadian tourists in Mexico who died violently and whose families have used the media to pressure the Canadian government to obtain justice from Mexico. Mass calls for help following natural disasters and war, and the case of Maher Arar, a Canadian citizen “rendered” by the United States to Syria where he was tortured, are also considered to conceptualize “citizens in trouble abroad” claims. The article finds that such claims reinforce a Canadian sense of citizenship where political identity remains rooted firmly with(in) the nation‐state, despite the country's engagement in a deep regionalization project. Maher Arar is a Canadian citizen.1
The effect of ‘standard drink’ labelling on the ability of drinkers to pour a ‘standard drink’
Authors: Stockwell Timothy , Blaze‐Temple Debra , Walker Christine 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Australia's National Health Policy on Alcohol has recommended that beverage containers be labelled so that alcohol content is ‘readily understandable by the public’. Health promotion to increase the responsible use of alcohol now relies extensively on the concept of a standard drink—usually defined as 10 g of ethyl alcohol. Numerous difficulties confront a drinker who wishes to apply the standard drink system to monitor alcohol intake. This report describes a series of experimental tests of the proposal that these difficulties are minimised if alcohol containers have their alcohol content indicated in terms of standard drinks in addition to the usual percentage alcohol by volume method.Subjects were drinkers recruited from a Perth shopping mall and were tested only on beverage types they had consumed within the previous week. They were required to pour what they judged to be a single standard drink from a 750 ml bottle of either wine or beer. Beer drinkers achieved greater accuracy in this task when the bottles had standard drink labels, even when the glass size and beverage strength were varied. Wine drinkers had equal difficulty with this task whether standard drink or percentage labels were used. The addition of a ‘ladder’ up the side of a wine bottle with graduations in standard drinks would be necessary for wine drinkers to achieve a high level of accuracy.We conclude that labelling drink containers with their alcohol content in terms of standard drinks would better equip all drinkers to follow the advice of health educators.
Evaluating the impact of a promotional campaign for screening mammography: who attends?
Authors: Adelson Pamela , Irwig Les , Turnbull Deborah 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: The Breast X‐ray Programme of the Central Sydney Health Service is one of 11 pilot programs in Australia assessing the best methods of delivering population‐based mammographic screening. The aim of this study was to determine the attendance rate and to describe sociodemographic predictors of attendance in an area serviced by the program. A well‐defined population of approximately 4500 women aged 45 to 70 was identified within the Central Sydney area for intensive testing of recruitment strategies. After four visits (spanning two years) to the area by a mobile screening van, 48% of the women were screened. Women from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds were just as likely to attend as women from English‐speaking backgrounds, probably because special attention was given to recruiting these women. Older women from English‐speaking backgrounds were less likely to attend, whereas no age trend existed for women of non‐English‐speaking backgrounds.Sampled attendance data of women from English‐speaking backgrounds showed that women with more education were more likely to attend screening. Women who were employed were just as likely to attend as those who were not.In order to screen 70% of the targeted population as set forth for a national mammography screening program, it appears that community recruitment efforts alone will not be sufficient. With special attention to recruitment coverage, older women and women from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds can be successfully recruited. Special attention will also need to be focused on encouraging attendance in women who have less formal education.
Identifying hazards and risk opportunity in child farm injury
Authors: Wolfenden Kevin , McKenzie Anne , Sanson‐Fisher Robert W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: Although children are overrepresented in farm injury, little is known about the environmental hazards and risk behaviours associated with injury, or about how to identify these factors at a local level. This study addresses the measurement of these hazards and hazardous behaviours.The study was conducted in 1990 at Gloucester, New South Wales, a small dairy, beef and hobby farm community. After some formative research and local consultation, a checklist survey was constructed and sent to 120 farm families with school‐age children. Families were sent the checklist forms again two weeks later to assess test‐retest reliability, which was found to be acceptable among the 38 per cent who responded on both occasions. The findings on the prevalence of environmental hazards and risk behaviours from the 84 per cent of respondents were useful to refine the existing injury information available from local hospital morbidity figures, which had identified injuries related to riding Qiorses, bicycles and motorcycles) and to machinery and drowning as major rural injury issues. In particular the importance of bicycle riding and horse‐related injury were confirmed. The survey importantly identified some previously undetected issues, most notably the danger to children's hearing.The prevalence data were used to identify targets for the development of local health promotion initiatives, leading the local farm safety action group to select horses, helmets and hearing as issues for preventive action. Findings from the method indicated the importance of local information, involving farmers in constructing the checklist, and feeding back results to the community.
Record linkage in Australian epidemiological research: health benefits, privacy safeguards and future potential
Authors: Sibthorpe Beverly , Kliewer Erich , Smith Len 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:Epidemiologists arc increasingly concerned with the health effects of interventions and of exposure to noninfectious agents, but there may be long periods between exposure and outcome. Collecting information from respondents is a costly and often inefficient way of obtaining the longitudinal data necessary to study these effects. Linking existing data can be an effective and efficient alternative. However, it is often not practicable to obtain informed consent from the individuals whose records are to be linked. This raises important issues relating to protection of privacy. This paper examines the health benefits and privacy issues of epidemiological and health services research involving record linkage in Australia. The future potential for studies based on record linkage is discussed in the context of recent national and international developments in data protection. In the interests of public health and the rational use of health resources a balance must be struck between protecting individual privacy and conducting such health research for the common good. (Aust J Public Health 1995; 19: 250–6)
Prevalence of dementia among patients referred to an aged care assessment team and associated stress in their carers
Authors: LoGiudice Dina , Waltrowicz Wendy , McKenzie Steve , Ames David , Flicker Leon 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia among patients referred to an aged care assessment team and to compare levels of burden and psychological morbidity between carers of cognitively normal persons and carers of people with dementia, in this population. Validated cognitive tests were administered to participants drawn from a random sample of all persons referred to the North West Hospital Aged Care Assessment Team, and diagnoses of dementia were made according to ICD‐10 criteria. Available carers were assessed for psychological morbidity and burden with the General Health Questionnaire and the Zarit Family Burden Interview. Of 100 patients selected, 78 were assessed, of whom 34 (44 per cent) were cognitively normal and 34 (44 per cent) fulfilled ICD‐10 criteria for dementia. A further 8 (10 per cent) had cognitive impairment not meeting the criteria for dementia. There was a high level of psychological morbidity and burden among the carers of both the cognitively normal patients and the dementia sufferers, which was largely accounted for by the patients' physical disability. This has implications for the adequate provision of health care and services to both patients and carers of this population. Adequate education of members of aged care assessment teams in the identification of dementia and their ability to refer to appropriate dementia‐specific services and provide counselling for carers requires future planning. (Aust J Public Health 1995; 19: 275–80)
SCHEDULING FLEXIBILITY IN THE SERVICE SECTOR: A POSTAL CASE STUDY
Authors: MALHOTRA MANOJ K. , RITZMAN LARRY P. 
Published: August 2010

This is a case study of workforce scheduling in the U.S. postal system. We use it to analyze the benefits of scheduling flexibility at postal distribution systems, which can come from several sources. We focus on the additional flexibility deriving from increasing the proportion of part‐time employees, as well as from increasing the cross‐training of part‐time employees. These two dimensions of scheduling flexibility are decision points of particular interest to the postal management. We used a large‐scale simulation model of the dynamic functioning of the postal distribution system in conjunction with a staff‐scheduling model to obtain insights into policy issues of interest. Our results show that the operating environment at a distribution station affects cost and customer service performance, and that gains from greater scheduling flexibility are situationally dependent. The benefit of cross‐training part‐time workers is modest over the range of levels considered realistic for distribution stations. Our overall recommendation is for postal managers to increase the proportion of part‐time employees, allowing more efficient matching of resources with the varying demands for mail delivery on different routes. For the range of conditions we modeled, cost reductions from more part‐time workers average over six percent when capacity utilization is low. Customer service improvements are even larger, and range between 20 and 43% when capacity utilization is high. Improvements at the upper end of the range are achieved when demand variability is also at its highest.
SOLUTION PROCEDURES WITH LIMITED SAMPLE DATA FOR THE OPTIMAL REPLACEMENT PROBLEM
Authors: SHORE HAIM 
Published: August 2010

Recently we have developed solution procedures for the optimal replacement problem when the distribution of the time‐to‐failure (ttf) is partially specified by the first two moments, partial and complete. However, we have later learned, using Monte‐Carlo simulation, that when moments are unknown and have to be estimated from sample data, the most accurate procedure developed therein is in practice extremely sensitive to sampling fluctuations. In this paper we modify the procedure to render it less susceptible to sampling variation. In addition, we introduce a new solution procedure that requires specification of only the median and the partial means of the ttf distribution. For both procedures, it is demonstrated that when the moments required for the distribution fitting are known, highly accurate optimal solutions are obtained. Conversely, when the moments are unknown and sample estimates based on small samples are used, both procedures result in stable solutions (low mean‐squared‐errors).
DEMAND MANAGEMENT: THE EVALUATION OF PRICE AND DUE DATE NEGOTIATION STRATEGIES USING SIMULATION
Authors: Moodie Douglas R. 
Published: August 2010

The research considers the problem of demand management in a firm where the firm's historical delivery service level reputation influences the number of quotation requests from its potential customers. Customers have a maximum and the firm has a minimum net price to due date tradeoff curve for each job. The demand management function bargains with the customer over price and promised due date. Bargaining finishes either with an agreed price and delivery date or with the customer refusing the firm's bid and placing the order elsewhere. The firm's objective is to maximize its long‐term net revenue. The firm's demand management negotiation strategy guides this bidding process. The research demonstrates the use of simulation to test different demand management bidding and negotiation strategies for different market and firm scenarios. The demonstration uses 16 scenarios to test the different demand management negotiation strategies with a model of a classical job shop in a classical market. The investigation examines finite scheduling‐based due date estimation methods, as well as the more traditional parameter‐based methods. This demonstration shows that it is possible to test different bidding policies, using a simulation model of a firm and its customers, and to obtain usable results.
THE ROLE OF SUPPLY MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES IN GREEN SUPPLY
Authors: BOWEN FRANCES E. , COUSINS PAUL D. , LAMMING RICHARD C. , FARUKT ADAM C. 
Published: August 2010

Managers realize that they should avoid complex green supply initiatives when they do not have the capabilities to implement them. However, they have little guidance on how these capabilities can be developed. This paper provides an initial analysis of the role of supply management capabilities in green supply. We argue that the implementation of green supply is better explained by focusing on the development and deployment of an organization's specialized internal resources, rather than by the more usual focus on external environmental pressures on a firm. Further, we argue that capabilities appropriate for green supply are developed by a proactive corporate environmental stance and by a more strategic purchasing and supply management approach. We test our model using data from a two‐phase survey of 70 operating units within UK public limited companies. Our results indicate support for our conjecture that supply management capabilities are jointly developed by a proactive corporate environmental approach and a strategic purchasing and supply process. Our study results should be useful to business strategists, regulators, and researchers interested in the predictors of corporate green behavior. They should also assist future researchers in many branches of environmental management who are seeking to explore the role of the internal capabilities of firms in supporting environmental management.
POM Forum: Transfer of Changing Production Know‐How
Authors: Ferdows Kasra 
Published: August 2010

Even with the rich literature on knowledge management, we still don't know enough about how the rate of change in production‐know‐how affects the choice of mechanisms for its transfer. Codifying tacit know‐how helps, but codification becomes more challenging as the know‐how changes more frequently. Transfer of tacit know‐how becomes much more complicated when it changes often. We need more research in this area, particularly to help production and operations managers who must ultimately use the new know‐how and change their companies' production processes. The paper suggests a framework as a step in that direction. The framework focuses on the interplay between the level of codification and the rate of change of production know‐how, and identifies four zones for classifying production know‐how: “slow and codified,” “slow and tacit,” “fast and codified,” and “fast and tacit.” Examples from McDonald̂s, Club Med, Intel, and AOL are used to illustrate primary transfer mechanisms for each zone (manuals and systems, people, joint‐development, and projects, respectively). Appropriate absorptive capacities in the production units for each zone are also identified. Since the ultimate responsibility of operations managers is to improve (i.e., change) their production know‐how as fast as possible, they would be wise to adopt policies that are closer to those suited for the “fast and codified” zone. Intel and Toyota show good models.