bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Upper Temperature Tolerance in June Sucker Larvae: Is the Transition to Utah Lake Temperatures a Recruitment Bottleneck?
Authors: Kappenman Kevin M. , Webb Molly A. H. , Cureton Elijah S. , Ilgen Jason 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe June sucker Chasmistes liorus is an endangered adfluvial fish species that is endemic to the Utah Lake basin. This species remains endangered due to a lack of recruitment. Anthropogenic changes to June sucker lotic and lentic habitat has likely led to recruitment failure. Changes to Utah Lake include increased water temperature, increased turbidity, and eutrophic and saline conditions. The remaining spawning habitat for June suckers in the Provo River has experienced flow, temperature, and channelization modifications. We tested the hypothesis that recruitment failure is caused by a thermal shock that occurs when larvae are transported in the drift out of the Provo River (12–19°C) and into Utah Lake (17–25°C). We used two laboratory methods—direct transfer and acclimated chronic exposure (ACE)—to determine (1) the upper lethal temperature (ULT) and (2) the acute and chronic mortality associated with larval exposure to an acute thermal shock. The ULT of larvae acclimated to 16°C was 33°C. Survival varied from 81% to 95% for larvae that were directly transferred from 16°C (acclimation temperature) to 19–29°C and held for 7 d; survival was not significantly different from that of the 16°C control. A modified ACE method was used to mimic the river‐to‐lake transition. Acclimation temperatures of 12, 16, and 19°C were increased by 5–8°C over 4–6 h. After approximately 30 d, survival ranged from 42% (transition from 16°C to 21°C) to 87% (transition from 19°C to 27°C). Mean weight of fish that received the 19–27°C transition treatment was significantly greater than that of all other treatment groups except the 19–25°C transition group. Warmer incubation and rearing temperatures led to increased growth and survival. We conclude that thermal shock does not explain June sucker larval recruitment failure in Utah Lake, and we suggest that other factors are responsible for the recruitment failure.
Different approaches in conservation of historic cities in China
Authors: Zhu L. , Goethert R. 
Published: October 2010

Many Chinese cities have started urban conservation programmes but the focus has mainly been on the preservation of historic buildings and tourism. These programmes have been usually based on top-down and commercial development, which often leads to demolition of traditional blocks and relocation of the original inhabitants. However, some initial experimentation has been based on ‘cautious renovation’ as well as modernisation and participation and has achieved noteworthy results. This paper compares three different approaches ‘demolition + renovation’, ‘relocation + renovation’ and ‘renovation + participation’ using three realised projects as examples: Xin Tian Di of Shanghai, Lijiang of Yunnan Province and Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province. The focus is on sustainable conservation of historic cities and the role of engineers and their contribution.
Large-scale Performance Evaluation of e-Homecare Architectures Using the WS-NS Simulator
Authors: Volckaert B. , Dhoedt B. , De Turck F. , Van Hoecke S. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryBackground: E-homecare creates opportunities to provide care faster, at lower cost and higher levels of convenience for patients. As e-homecare services are time-critical, stringent requirements are imposed in terms of total response time and reliability, this way requiring a characterization of their network load and usage behavior. However, it is usually hard to build testbeds on a realistic scale in order to evaluate large-scale e-home-care applications.Objective: This paper describes the design and evaluation of the Network Simulator for Web Services (WS-NS), an NS2-based simulator capable of accurately modeling service-oriented architectures that can be used to evaluate the performance of e-homecare architectures.Methods: WS-NS is applied to the Coplintho e-homecare use case, based on the results of the field trial prototype which targeted diabetes and multiple sclerosis patients. Network-unaware and network-aware service selection algorithms are presented and their performance is tested.Results: The results show that when selecting a service to execute the request, suboptimal decisions can be made when selection is solely based on the service’s properties and status. Taking into account the network links interconnecting the services leads to better selection strategies. Based on the results, the e-homecare broker design is optimized from a centralized design to a hierarchical region-based design, resulting in an important decrease of average response times.Conclusions: The WS-NS simulator can be used to analyze the load and response times of large-scale e-homecare architectures. An optimization of the e-homecare architecture of the Coplintho project resulted in optimized network overhead and more than 45% lower response times.
A Micro-Economic Approach to Geographic Market Definition on Local Retail Markets: Demand Side Considerations
Authors: Beckert Walter 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This paper formalizes an empirically implementable framework for the definition of local antitrust markets in retail markets. This framework rests on a demand model that captures the trade-off between distance and pecuniary cost across alternative shopping destinations within local markets. The paper develops, and presents estimation results for, an empirical demand model at the store level for groceries in the UK.
Modification of black‐body radiance at low temperatures and frequencies
Authors: Falquez C. , Hofmann R. , Baumbach T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn contrast to earlier reports, where the spectrum of the energy density of photonic black‐body radiation modified by SU(2) effects was discussed, we discuss the low‐frequency spectrum of the radiance at temperatures ranging between 5 and 20 Kelvin. We conclude that compared to the conventional theory the only observable effect is associated with the spectral gap (total screening) which for T≥ 4.3 K scales with temperature T as ν*(T)}/GHz = 42.70 (T/K)‐0.53 + 0.21. We also discuss how a low‐temperature black body cavity under the influence of a sufficiently strong static electric field is forced to emit according to Planck's radiation law (pure U(1) theory) even at low frequencies and how this effect can be utilized to measure SU(2) induced deviations.
Salinosporamide Natural Products: Potent 20 S Proteasome Inhibitors as Promising Cancer Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Gulder Tobias A. M. , Moore Bradley S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProteasome inhibitors are rapidly evolving as potent treatment options in cancer therapy. One of the most promising drug candidates of this type is salinosporamide A from the bacterium Salinispora tropica. This marine natural product possesses a complex, densely functionalized γ‐lactam‐β‐lactone pharmacophore, which is responsible for its irreversible binding to its target, the β subunit of the 20S proteasome. Salinosporamide A entered phase I clinical trials for the treatment of multiple myeloma only three years after its discovery. The strong biological activity and the challenging structure of this compound have fueled intense academic and industrial research in recent years, which has led to the development of more than ten syntheses, the elucidation of its biosynthetic pathway, and the generation of promising structure–activity relationships and oncological data. Salinosporamide A thus serves as an intriguing example of the successful interplay of modern drug discovery and biomedical research, medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, natural product synthesis and analysis, as well as biosynthesis and bioengineering.
Influence of alkali fiber treatment and fiber processing on the mechanical properties of hemp/epoxy composites
Authors: Islam Mohammad S. , Pickering Kim L. , Foreman Nic J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIndustrial hemp fibers were treated with a 5 wt % NaOH, 2 wt % Na2SO3 solution at 120°C for 60 min to remove noncellulosic fiber components. Analysis of fibers by lignin analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXRD) and differential thermal/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), supported that alkali treatment had (i) removed lignin, (ii) separated fibers from their fiber bundles, (iii) exposed cellulose hydroxyl groups, (iv) made the fiber surface cleaner, and (v) enhanced thermal stability of the fibers by increasing cellulose crystallinity through better packing of cellulose chains. Untreated and alkali treated short (random and aligned) and long (aligned) hemp fiber/epoxy composites were produced with fiber contents between 40 and 65 wt %. Although alkali treatment generally improved composite strength, better strength at high fiber contents for long fiber composites was achieved with untreated fiber, which appeared to be due to less fiber/fiber contact between alkali treated fibers. Composites with 65 wt % untreated, long aligned fiber were the strongest with a tensile strength (TS) of 165 MPa, Young's modulus (YM) of 17 GPa, flexural strength of 180 MPa, flexural modulus of 9 GPa, impact energy (IE) of 14.5 kJ/m2, and fracture toughness (KIc) of 5 MPa m1/2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Cellular compatibility of copolymer hydrogels based on site‐selectively‐modified chitosan with poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)
Authors: Don Trong‐Ming , Chou Shu‐Chung , Cheng Liao‐Ping , Tai Hung‐Yin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis research synthesized graft copolymers of chitosan‐g‐poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (CS‐g‐PNIPAAm) by UV‐initiated free‐radical polymerization of NIPAAm monomer to CS selectively at the C‐6 position of pyranose ring. First, amino groups in CS were protected by reaction with phthalic anhydride (PA) to form PACS. The degree of phthaloylation was carefully controlled to ensure that most amino groups were protected, and only a very small amount of hydroxyl groups were reacted. In the second step, the vinyl functional group was introduced to the PACS by reaction with a vinyl compound containing an isocyanate group (3‐isopropenyl‐αα′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate), through the urethane linkage with hydroxyl groups at the C‐6 position. The phthaloyl groups were then removed by hydrazine to recover the amino groups in CS. Finally, PNIPAAm was grafted to the vinyl CS at the C‐6 position by UV‐initiated free‐radical polymerization. The synthesized CS‐g‐PNIPAAm copolymers were confirmed to have a structure of an AB‐crosslinked graft copolymer. Respectively, these copolymer hydrogels exhibited pH‐ and thermal‐responsive swelling properties in an aqueous solution due to their CS and PNIPAAm components. The test of cell viability with L929 fibroblast revealed that the CS‐g‐PNIPAAm copolymers having a grafting ratio lower than 1.7 had cellular compatibility as good as pure CS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate onto polycarbonateurethane surfaces by ultraviolet radiation grafting polymerization to control hydrophilicity
Authors: Zhao Haiyang , Feng Yakai , Guo Jintang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, we used a UV radiation grafting method to modify the surface of the biomaterial polycarbonateurethane (PCU). Hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate (PEGMA; number‐average molecular weight = 526) as a macromolecular monomer was grafted onto the PCU surface by UV photopolymerization. The Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of the graft‐modified PCU confirmed poly[poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate] block grafting onto the surface. We investigated the effects of the reaction temperature, macromolecular monomer concentration, UV irradiation time, and photoinitiator concentration on the grafting density (GD) in detail. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of GD under various process conditions on the water uptake and water contact angle. The modified materials had a high water uptake and low water contact angle, which indicated that the hydrophilicity of the PCU surface was improved significantly by the introduction of the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) blocks on the surface. The anticoagulant properties of the material might also have been improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Social peers rescue autism‐relevant sociability deficits in adolescent mice
Authors: Yang Mu , Perry Kayla , Weber Michael D. , Katz Adam M. , Crawley Jacqueline N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBehavioral therapies are currently the most effective interventions for treating the diagnostic symptoms of autism. We employed a mouse model of autism to evaluate components of behavioral interventions that improve sociability in mice. BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) is an inbred mouse strain that exhibits prominent behavioral phenotypes with face validity to all three diagnostic symptom categories of autism, including robust and well‐replicated deficits in social approach and reciprocal social interactions. To investigate the role of peer interactions in the development of sociability, BTBR juvenile mice were reared in the same home cage with juvenile mice of a highly social inbred strain, C57BL/6J (B6). Subject mice were tested as young adults for sociability and repetitive behaviors. B6 controls reared with B6 showed their strain‐typical high sociability. BTBR controls reared with BTBR showed their strain‐typical lack of sociability. In contrast, BTBR reared with B6 as juveniles showed significant sociability as young adults. A 20‐day intervention was as effective as a 40‐day intervention for improving social approach behavior. High levels of repetitive self‐grooming in BTBR were not rescued by peer‐rearing with B6, indicating specificity of the intervention to the social domain. These results from a robust mouse model of autism support the interpretation that social enrichment with juvenile peers is a beneficial intervention for improving adult outcome in the social domain. This novel paradigm may prove useful for discovering factors that are essential for effective behavioral treatments, and biological mechanisms underlying effective behavioral interventions.
Mood effects on dominated choices: Positive mood induces departures from logical rules
Authors: de Vries Marieke , Holland Rob W. , Corneille Olivier , Rondeel Eefje , Witteman Cilia L.M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn two studies, we investigated the role of mood states in dominated behavioral choices. Past research has shown that mood effects on judgment and decision‐making can be pervasive. Yet, the role of mood in dominated choices has so far been neglected. The present research represents a first empirical examination of mood effects on dominated choices. We measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Study 2) mood states in participants who made a series of choices in a gambling game. In this choice task without trade‐offs, participants were provided with information about the outcomes and probabilities associated with each choice option. The strategy to maximize the expected mean outcome implied the application of a straightforward and logical rule: Always choose the dominant option with the highest expected value. It has been argued in the literature that mood should have little or no impact when preferences are clear or strong. Still, we expected that mood states would affect even these dominated choices, building on previous work that showed that positive mood states enhance flexibility, creativity, and explorative behavior. The results showed that decisions made in a happier mood were less often in accordance with the logical rule than decisions made in a sadder mood. To conclude, happier mood states are associated to a lesser extent with decisions in accordance with a rule‐based strategy that maximizes expected mean outcomes in dominated choices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiences of supervising postgraduate community psychology students at Wits university, South Africa
Authors: Langa Malose , Graham Tanya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this article, the authors discuss problems and challenges of supervising postgraduate community psychology students at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa. As part of their community work, students developed community projects in schools in Alexandra Township, aimed at dealing with social ills such as HIV/AIDS, gangs, violence, substance abuse and teenage pregnancy. Students found community work to be extremely exhausting, stressful and demanding. Therefore, community psychology supervision became an important space in helping students to reflect on the experiences, anxieties and frustrations. This article discusses key themes that have emerged in community supervision, including gender, race and class issues. In conclusion, recommendations are provided on how to improve community psychology supervision based our experiences. Supervisors need to be proactive in helping students to reflect on their experiences and actively engage with some of the theoretical and practical issues that emerge in community work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Echocardiographically guided catheter closure of arterial ducts in small preterm infants on the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Bentham Jamie , Meur Saumen , Hudsmith Lucy , Archer Nick , Wilson Neil 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: To describe closure of haemodynamically significant arterial ducts in preterm infants using an echocardiographically guided cardiac catheter technique in selected infants in the neonatal nursery and in preference to cardiac surgery. Background: Persistently patent arterial ducts are common in preterm infants and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac catheter techniques continue to improve and occlusion of arterial ducts in preterm infants is becoming technically feasible. Closure of arterial ducts by cardiac catheter techniques would enable selected infants to avoid surgery and a lateral thoracotomy, as well as potentially obviating the need for transfer of sick preterm infants between units for duct closure. Methods and Results: This brief report describes placement of coils or Amplatzer duct devices to occlude arterial ducts in small premature infants exclusively under echocardiographic guidance in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Conclusions: Closing arterial ducts in the neonatal nursery by an echocardiographically guided cardiac catheter technique with minimal morbidity is becoming achievable and is a significant advance in neonatal care. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of Enantioselectivity with Flexible Biaryl Axes: Terpene‐Based Alkylzinc Catalysts in Enantioselective Dialkylzinc Additions
Authors: Leven Matthias , Schlörer Nils E. , Neudörfl Jörg M. , Goldfuss Bernd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNew enantiopure pyridyl alcohols are efficiently accessible through few synthetic steps from commercially available terpenes, that is, (+)‐fenchone, (−)‐menthone and (−)‐verbenone as well as 2,6‐diphenylpyridine. These chelating pyridyl alcohols exhibit flexible pyridyl–phenylene axes, which give rise to P and M conformers. Alkylzincation of the hydroxy groups eliminates equilibria of the conformers and generates alkylzinc complexes with adjusted biaryl axes, as it is demonstrated by NMR studies. These alkylzinc catalysts perform well in the addition of dimethylzinc or diethylzinc to benzaldehyde with yields up to 99 % and ee’s up to 95 %. The adjusted pyridylphenylene conformations in the ligands now control enantioselectivities of the catalysts, which were also analysed by computations at the DFT level.
Synthesis of enantiopure trans‐N‐Boc‐3‐aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2‐carboxylic acids and their bicyclic 1,3‐amino alcohol derivatives via the [4+2] cycloaddition of 1,3‐cyclohexadiene to a chiral β‐nitroacrylate
Authors: Calmes Monique , Escale Françoise , Didierjean Claude , Martinez Jean 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe chiral β‐nitroacrylate 2 derived from the (R)‐ or (S)‐4‐(3‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxopyrrolidin‐1‐yl) benzoic acid 1 acts as a reactive dienophile in a diastereoselective Diels‐Alder reaction with 1,3‐cyclohexadiene. The major cycloadducts have been isolated and transformed into enantiopure trans(2S,3S)‐ or (2R,3R)‐N‐Boc‐3‐aminobicyclic[2,2,2]octane‐2‐carboxylic acids 5. The trans‐(2S,3S)‐ or (2R,3R)‐N‐Boc 3‐(hydoxymethyl)‐2‐aminobicyclic[2,2,2]octane 6 derivatives were also obtained. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statine. Cholesterolsenker
Authors: Schäfer Bernd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐Coenzym‐A‐Reduktase (HMG‐ CoA‐Reduktase) katalysiert die Bildung von Mevalonsäure, einer frühen Zwischenstufe in der Biosynthese von Cholesterol. Die Statine sind HMG‐CoA‐Reduktase‐Inhibitoren, die sehr effizient die Cholesterol‐Serumwerte senken und sehr häufig zur Behandlung der Hypercholesterolämie, der Ursache der Arteriosklerose, verordnet werden. Dieser Review beschreibt den medizinischen Hintergrund dieser Krankheit, die Entdeckung der Statine, ihre Biosynthese und die Methoden der industriellen Herstellung der weltweit umsatzstärksten Arzneiwirkstoffe.
Irrungen und Wirrungen um Biokraftstoffe. Biokraftstoffe sind nicht per se nachhaltig
Authors: Kreysa Gerhard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie jährliche Photosyntheseleistung auf der Erde übersteigt die anthropogene CO2‐Produktion. Dies legt eine energetische Nutzung der Biomasse nahe und hat die Entwicklung von Biokraftstoffen erheblich gefördert. In vielen Fällen verstößt die Nutzung von Biokraftstoffen jedoch gegen Prinzipien der Nachhaltigkeit. Für die Deckung des Weltenergiebedarfes durch Biomasse würde die gesamte verfügbare landwirtschaftliche Nutzfläche benötigt. Diese Einsicht hat eine kritische Teller‐oder‐Tank‐Diskussion ausgelöst. Energetisch und ökologisch effizienter als die Nutzung von Biokraftstoffen wäre der Anbau schnellwachsender Hölzer und deren direkte Verstromung im Kraftwerk. Die mit großem Abstand effizienteste Nutzung der Sonnenenergie erlauben Photovoltaik und Solarthermie. Wegen ihrer hohen Energiedichte werden flüssige Biokraftstoffe der zweiten Generation aber dort, wo die Elektromobilität an Grenzen stößt, auch in Zukunft Anwendung finden.
Keine Alternative für die Statine?
Authors: Schäfer Bernd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie Standardmedikamente zur Behandlung der Arteriosklerose sind heute die Statine (siehe Seite 344ff, Statine). Es gab in der Vergangenheit viele Ansätze zur Behandlung der krankhaften Blutgefäßveränderungen, aber nur wenige waren in der klinischen Phase bisher erfolgreich. Kürzlich ließen Studien Zweifel am Einsatz des als Cholesterolsenkers verwendeten Wirkstoffs Ezetimib aufkommen.
NDM‐1: Ein neuer Sieg für multiresistente Bakterien
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Wettlauf zwischen Antibiotika und multiresistenten Bakterien ist den Mikroorganismen erneut einen Punktsieg gelungen: Forscher haben in verschiedenen Ländern Bakterien mit einem neuen Resistenzgen entdeckt, das das Enzym NDM‐1 bilden kann. Dieses Enzym ermöglicht es den Keimen, auch Reserveantibiotika, die normalerweise nur bei schweren, sonst unbehandelbaren Infektionen eingesetzt werden, unwirksam zu machen. Das NDM‐1‐Gen (blaNDM1) wurde in Darmbakterien gefunden und kann leicht von einer Bakterienart zur anderen weitergegeben werden. Die neuen NDM‐1 bildenden Keime sind bisher vereinzelt in Deutschland, England, Belgien und Schweden nachgewiesen worden. In Pakistan, Indien und Bangladesch sind sie offenbar weiter verbreitet.