bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communautés de conflit : l’intersection entre global et local à Chypre
Authors: Barthel‐Bouchier Diane 
Published: September 2010

RésuméL’île de Chypre est réputée pour ses sites du patrimoine, qui reflètent la superposition des cultures. Dans cet article, j’étudie l’impact du conflit durable entre les communautés turque et grecque sur l’interprétation du patrimoine. Je soutiens par ailleurs que la présence de deux communautés relativement nouvelles, c’est‐à‐dire une population coloniale européenne et une population de travailleurs migrants et réfugiés, complique une situation que les pressions écologiques menacent d’aggraver plus encore.
Les Sites de conscience : pour une nouvelle approche des conflits de mémoire
Authors: Sevcenko Liz 
Published: September 2010

RésuméMalgré nos difficultés à l’accepter, le patrimoine est un domaine qui contribue à cristalliser les conflits de société. Cependant, au lieu d’aborder cette problématique en restant sur la défensive face aux critiques éventuelles, nous devons reconnaître que les sites du patrimoine ont la possibilité, avec les moyens spécifiques dont ils disposent, de contribuer activement au dialogue sur les grands problèmes de société. Cet article passe en revue les stratégies utilisées par les « Sites de conscience »– lieux de mémoire qui encouragent le dialogue sur les problèmes contemporains – afin d’aider un peu partout dans le monde les communautés de citoyens à aborder les questions qui les divisent.
Un conflit d’intérêts : l’exemple d’une tentative d’archéologie communautaire dans l’Arctique canadien
Authors: Griebel Brendan 
Published: September 2010

RésuméCette étude décrit l’évolution d’un programme communautaire mené sur le terrain pendant un an en vue de jeter un pont entre les approches méthodologiques et thématiques du passé propres à l’archéologie et les intérêts et les réalités sociales du peuple inuit. À travers une série d’ateliers pratiques organisés en partenariat avec la Kitikmeot Heritage Society de Cambridge Bay, elle montre comment une pratique archéologique moins étroite et plus soucieuse de s’adapter au contexte culturel permet à cette discipline de mieux explorer de nouvelles voies où l’interprétation de l’histoire associe scientifiques et autochtones.
Aux prises avec le passé : récits partagés et contestés en Irlande du Nord post‐conflit
Authors: Wing Leah 
Published: September 2010

RésuméCet article porte sur un projet de commémoration à Belfast‐ouest qui questionne les récits dominants par lesquels la violence d’État se soustrait aux interrogations, et qui exige que ces actes soient reconnus et réparés. Le circuit de mémoire propose un contre‐récit, en présentant des souvenirs qui contestent les constructions hégémoniques et expriment la nécessité de justice. La temporalité du circuit, ainsi que son insistance à donner à voir le conflit au lieu de lisser le passé, témoignent de son caractère novateur et nécessaire dans une société en transition.
Le patrimoine archéologique et la Guerre d’indépendance turque en Lydie centrale
Authors: Luke Christina 
Published: September 2010

RésuméIci sont présentées les recherches issues des cinq dernières saisons de l’Étude archéologique de la Lydie centrale. Je soutiens qu’il faudrait qu’un futur projet de gestion pour la Lydie centrale aborde le concept de préservation à partir d’une approche dynamique des paysages habités, dans une zone liminaire entre est et ouest. Je montre que la Lydie centrale a toujours eu une population multiethnique équilibrée. Ces paysages contestés suggèrent des manières innovantes de percevoir la multiplicité des récits historiques.
Relationships between Environmental Factors and Pathogenic Vibrios in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Johnson C. N. , Flowers A. R. , Noriea N. F. , Zimmerman A. M. , Bowers J. C. , DePaola A. , Grimes D. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Although autochthonous vibrio densities are known to be influenced by water temperature and salinity, little is understood about other environmental factors associated with their abundance and distribution. Densities of culturable
Vibrio vulnificus
containing
vvh
(
V. vulnificus
hemolysin gene) and
V. parahaemolyticus
containing
tlh
(thermolabile hemolysin gene, ubiquitous in
V. parahaemolyticus
),
tdh
(thermostable direct hemolysin gene,
V. parahaemolyticus
pathogenicity factor), and
trh
(
tdh
-related hemolysin gene,
V. parahaemolyticus
pathogenicity factor) were measured in coastal waters of Mississippi and Alabama. Over a 19-month sampling period, vibrio densities in water, oysters, and sediment varied significantly with sea surface temperature (SST). On average,
tdh
-to-
tlh
ratios were significantly higher than
trh
-to-
tlh
ratios in water and oysters but not in sediment. Although
tlh
densities were lower than
vvh
densities in water and in oysters, the opposite was true in sediment. Regression analysis indicated that SST had a significant association with
vvh
and
tlh
densities in water and oysters, while salinity was significantly related to vibrio densities in the water column. Chlorophyll
a
levels in the water were correlated significantly with
vvh
in sediment and oysters and with pathogenic
V. parahaemolyticus
(
tdh
and
trh
) in the water column. Furthermore, turbidity was a significant predictor of
V. parahaemolyticus
density in all sample types (water, oyster, and sediment), and its role in predicting the risk of
V. parahaemolyticus
illness may be more important than previously realized. This study identified (i) culturable vibrios in winter sediment samples, (ii) niche-based differences in the abundance of vibrios, and (iii) predictive signatures resulting from correlations between environmental parameters and vibrio densities.
Detection of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in Drinking Water and Biofilms by Quantitative PCR
Authors: Beumer Amy , King Dawn , Donohue Maura , Mistry Jatin , Covert Terry , Pfaller Stacy 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

It has been suggested that
Mycobacterium avium
subspecies
paratuberculosis
has a role in Crohn's disease. The organism may be acquired but is difficult to culture from the environment. We describe a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to detect
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in drinking water and the results of its application to drinking water and faucet biofilm samples collected in the United States.
Recent Emergence of Clonal Group O25b:K1:H4-B2-ST131
ibeA
Strains among
Escherichia coli
Poultry Isolates, Including CTX-M-9-Producing Strains, and Comparison with Clinical Human Isolates
Authors: Mora Azucena , Herrera Alexandra , Mamani Rosalia , López Cecilia , Alonso María Pilar , Blanco Jesús E. , Blanco Miguel , Dahbi Ghizlane , García-Garrote Fernando , Pita Julia María , Coira Amparo , Bernárdez María Isabel , Blanco Jorge 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

To discern the possible spread of the
Escherichia coli
O25b:H4-ST131 clonal group in poultry and the zoonotic potential of avian strains, we made a retrospective search of our strain collection and compared the findings for those strains with the findings for current strains. Thus, we have characterized a collection of 19 avian O25b:H4-ST131
E. coli
strains isolated from 1995 to 2010 which, interestingly, harbored the
ibeA
gene. Using this virulence gene as a criterion for selection, we compared those 19 avian strains with 33 human O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
-positive
E. coli
strains obtained from patients with extraintestinal infections (1993 to 2009). All 52 O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
-positive
E. coli
strains shared the
fimH
,
kpsMII
,
malX
, and
usp
genes but showed statistically significant differences in nine virulence factors, namely,
papGIII
,
cdtB
,
sat
, and
kpsMII
K5, which were associated with human strains, and
iroN
,
kpsMII
K1,
cvaC
,
iss
, and
tsh
, which were associated with strains of avian origin. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of the 52
E. coli
O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
-positive strains revealed 11 clusters (clusters I to XI) of >85% similarity, with four clusters including strains of human and avian origin. Cluster VII (90.9% similarity) grouped 10 strains (7 avian and 3 human strains) that mostly produced CTX-M-9 and that also shared the same virulence profile. Finally, we compared the macrorestriction profiles of the 12 CTX-M-9-producing O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
strains (7 avian and 5 human strains) identified among the 52 strains with those of 15 human O25b:H4-ST131 CTX-M-14-, CTX-M-15-, and CTX-M-32-producing strains that proved to be negative for
ibeA
and showed that they clearly differed in the level of similarity from the CTX-M-9-producing strains. In conclusion,
E. coli
clonal group O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
has recently emerged among avian isolates with the new acquisition of the K1 capsule antigen and includes CTX-M-9-producing strains. This clonal group represents a real zoonotic risk that has crossed the barrier between human and avian hosts.
Accuracy, Precision, and Method Detection Limits of Quantitative PCR for Airborne Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Hospodsky Denina , Yamamoto Naomichi , Peccia Jordan 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for rapid and specific enumeration of microbial agents is finding increased use in aerosol science. The goal of this study was to determine qPCR accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) within the context of indoor and ambient aerosol samples.
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus atrophaeus
vegetative bacterial cells and
Aspergillus fumigatus
fungal spores loaded onto aerosol filters were considered. Efficiencies associated with recovery of DNA from aerosol filters were low, and excluding these efficiencies in quantitative analysis led to underestimating the true aerosol concentration by 10 to 24 times. Precision near detection limits ranged from a 28% to 79% coefficient of variation (COV) for the three test organisms, and the majority of this variation was due to instrument repeatability. Depending on the organism and sampling filter material, precision results suggest that qPCR is useful for determining dissimilarity between two samples only if the true differences are greater than 1.3 to 3.2 times (95% confidence level at
n
= 7 replicates). For MDLs, qPCR was able to produce a positive response with 99% confidence from the DNA of five
B. atrophaeus
cells and less than one
A. fumigatus
spore. Overall MDL values that included sample processing efficiencies ranged from 2,000 to 3,000
B. atrophaeus
cells per filter and 10 to 25
A. fumigatus
spores per filter. Applying the concepts of accuracy, precision, and MDL to qPCR aerosol measurements demonstrates that sample processing efficiencies must be accounted for in order to accurately estimate bioaerosol exposure, provides guidance on the necessary statistical rigor required to understand significant differences among separate aerosol samples, and prevents undetected (i.e., nonquantifiable) values for true aerosol concentrations that may be significant.
Analysis of the
Lactobacillus
Metabolic Pathway
Authors: Kuratsu Masahiro , Hamano Yoshimitsu , Dairi Tohru 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

We performed analyses of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships focusing on biosyntheses of amino acids, purine/pyrimidines, and cofactors in three
Lactobacillus
strains. We found that
Lactobacillus fermentum
IFO 3956 perhaps synthesized
para
-aminobenzoate (PABA), an intermediate of folic acid biosynthesis, by an alternative pathway.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Representative γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium
Sphingobium japonicum
UT26
Authors: Nagata Yuji , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Endo Ryo , Ichikawa Natsuko , Ankai Akiho , Oguchi Akio , Fukui Shigehiro , Fujita Nobuyuki , Tsuda Masataka 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium japonicum
strain UT26 utilizes γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), a man-made chlorinated pesticide that causes serious environmental problems due to its toxicity and long persistence, as a sole source of carbon and energy. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of UT26, which consists of two chromosomes and three plasmids. The 15
lin
genes involved in γ-HCH degradation are dispersed on the two chromosomes and one of the three plasmids.
Young Kuwaitis' views of the acceptability of physician-assisted suicide
Authors: Ahmed Ramadan A , Sorum Paul C , Mullet Etienne 
Published: September 2010

AimTo study the views of people in a largely Muslim country, Kuwait, of the acceptability of a life-ending action such as physician-assisted suicide (PAS).Method330 Kuwaiti university students judged the acceptability of PAS in 36 scenarios composed of all combinations of four factors: the patient's age (35, 60 or 85 years); the level of incurability of the illness (completely incurable vs extremely difficult to cure); the type of suffering (extreme physical pain or complete dependence) and the extent to which the patient requests a life-ending procedure, euthanasia or PAS (no request, some form of request, repeated requests). In all scenarios, the patients were women who were receiving the best possible care. The ratings were subjected to cluster analysis and analyses of variance.ResultsFive clusters were found. For 44%, PAS was always very unacceptable, no matter what the circumstances. For 23%, it was unacceptable, but less so if the patient was older or requested it repeatedly. For 16%, it was unacceptable if the patient was young but was acceptable if the patient was elderly. For 5%, it was unacceptable if the patient had extreme pain but was acceptable if completely dependent. For 11%, it was unacceptable if the patient did not request it but acceptable if she did.ConclusionThe majority of the Kuwaiti university students opposed PAS either categorically or with a slight variation according to circumstances. Nonetheless, a minority approved of PAS in some cases, particularly when the patient was elderly.
Exposures in painting-related occupations and risk of lung cancer among men: results from two case–control studies in Montreal
Authors: Ramanakumar Agnihotram V , Parent Marie-Élise , Richardson Lesley , Siemiatycki Jack 
Published: September 2010

BackgroundEvidence that painters may be at risk for lung cancer comes mainly from analyses on job titles rather than on specific exposures found in the environments of painters.MethodsIn the context of two large population-based case–control studies of lung cancer carried out in Montreal, we were able to assess possible relationships between lung cancer and the occupation of painter as well as exposure to paints, varnishes and stains. Interviews for study I were conducted in 1979–1986 (857 cases, 533 population controls, 1349 cancer controls) and interviews for study II were conducted in 1996–2001 (765 cases and 899 controls). Detailed lifetime job histories were elicited; a team of hygienists and chemists evaluated the evidence of exposure to many occupational substances including paint-related substances. The relative risk of lung cancer was estimated, adjusting for several potential confounders, including smoking, in a three-variable parameterisation.ResultsIn analyses pooling the two studies, painters had an OR of lung cancer of 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.2). Regarding exposures, ORs were: for wood varnishes and stains, 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.3); for wood and gypsum paints, 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.7); and for metal coatings, 1.1 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.6). Small numbers hampered evaluation of dose–response relationships.ConclusionsWhile our results cannot exclude chance or residual confounding by smoking or concomitant occupational exposures, they provide further evidence that some exposures in paint-related occupations, most notably wood varnishes and stains, increase the risk of lung cancer.
A Need for Change: The Romanian Supreme Court's Approach to 'Appeals in the Interest of Law'
Authors: Neagu Norel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article deals with the possibility of changing the approach to appeals in the interest of law in Romania according to the relevant guidelines extracted from the case law of the European Court of Justice. It provides a comparative analysis of Romanian Supreme Court decisions with those of the European Court of Justice with respect to guiding principles versus a strict interpretation of written legislation. The author highlights a modern path for the Romanian Court to follow in light of the requirements of the twenty-first century.
Characterization of sorption gels used for determination of mercury in aquatic environment by diffusive gradients in thin films technique
Authors: Diviš Pavel , Szkandera Roman , Dočekalová Hana 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The influence of pH, ionic strength and selected natural ligands on the measurement of mercury by the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) using recently introduced sorption gels was determined. Sorption gels containing Chelex 100, Spheron-Thiol, Duolite GT73 and modified Iontosorb AV resins were investigated, with the sorption capacity determined for all used sorption gels. The minimum DGT measurable concentrations were calculated from 3 times the standard deviation of mercury amount in unexposed sorption gels.
Symmetry analysis of the behavior of the family R6M23 compounds upon hydrogenation
Authors: Kuna Agnieszka , Sikora Wiesława 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Symmetry analysis was applied in this work to discuss the behavior of the family R6M23 compounds upon hydrogenation (deuteration), where different structural transformations and magnetic properties, depending on the type of R and M atoms and hydrogen (deuterium) concentrations, have been found. The crystallographic structure of these compounds is described by the Fm3m space group and contain 116 atoms per unit cell occupying the positions 24e(R), 4b, 24d, 32f1 and 32f2(M). Additionally in the elementary cell, there could be up to 100 atoms of hydrogen (or deuterium) occupying the interstitial positions 4a, 32f3, 96j1 and 96k1. The symmetry analysis in the frame of the theory of space groups and their representation gives the opportunity to find all possible transformations from high symmetry parent structure to the structures with symmetry belonging to one of its subgroups. For a given transformation it indicates possible displacements of atoms from initial positions in the parent structure, ordering of hydrogen over interstitial sites and also ordering of magnetic moments, described by the smallest possible number of free parameters. The analysis was carried out by means of the MODY computer program for vectors k = (0; 0; 0) and k = (0; 0; 1) describing the changes of translational symmetry and all positions occupied by the R, M and D atoms.
Preconceptional screening of sexually transmitted infections/diseases
Authors: Bánhidy Ferenc , Dudás Istvan , Czeizel Andrew 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Hungarian Preconceptional Care includes the preconceptional screening of sexually transmitted infections/disorders (STD) and vaginal candidosis of potential mothers and pyospermia of potential fathers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this screening and treatment for the rate of preterm births. Clinical and subclinical vaginal candidiasis (asymptomatic candida colonisation), combination of STD and vaginal candidiasis, STD without vaginal candidiasis, finally women without STD and vaginal candidiasis as references were evaluated in 4,672 pregnant women. The association of STD in pregnant women with higher risk of preterm birth was confirmed. However, an association was also found between clinically diagnosed vaginal candidiasis, asymptomatic candida colonisation, and a higher risk for preterm births. This risk was reduced with clotrimazole treatment. However, pregnant women without recognized STD and/or vaginal candidiasis had a higher risk for preterm birth than pregnant women with STD or vaginal candidiasis after appropriate treatment. Thus the conclusion of the study is that the preconceptional screening of STD and vaginal candidiasis followed by appropriate treatment is important to prevent a certain part of preterm birth but it is necessary to improve the efficacy of the previously used methods for this screening.
The study of HgCdTe MBE-grown structure with ion milling
Authors: Pociask M.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOf many techniques used to characterize quality of HgCdTe, ion milling is emerging as a unique means to reveal electrically active and neutral defects and complexes. Ion milling is capable of strongly affecting electrical properties of HgCdTe, up to conductivity type conversion in p-type material. It appears, that strongly non-equilibrium processes which take place under ion milling, when material is oversaturated with mercury interstitial atoms generated near a surface, lead to formation of specific defect complexes, which may not form under other type of treatment. By measuring parameters of a crystal before and after milling, and following disintegration of defects with time after ion milling (’relaxation’), one can detect and identify these defects. This method was applied to analyse different samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
THz/sub-THz bolometer based on electron heating in a semiconductor waveguide
Authors: Dobrovolsky V. , Sizov F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDirect detection THz/sub-THz bolometer is proposed. In it an electromagnetic wave propagates in the bipolar semiconductor waveguide, heats electrons and holes there, and therefore creates their bipolar thermodiffusion flow and, as well as, the electromotive force (emf). The flow causes the carrier excess concentration. Both this concentration and emf are used to get the bolometer response voltage. The bolometer theoretical model is developed. The possibility without cooling or moderate cooling (about 100 K for the Cd0.2Hg0.8Te bolometers) to get acceptable for applications values of the noise equivalent power is shown. Experimental results confirm the main model conclusions.
B7h Triggering Inhibits Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness to Tumor Cell Lines and Polymorphonuclear Cells
Authors: Dianzani Chiara , Minelli Rosalba , Mesturini Riccardo , Chiocchetti Annalisa , Barrera Giuseppina , Boscolo Sabrina , Sarasso Chiara , Gigliotti Casimiro Luca , Sblattero Daniele , Yagi Junji , Rojo Josè Maria , Fantozzi Roberto , Dianzani Umberto 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are key players in leukocyte recruitment into tissues and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. ECs express B7h, which is the ligand of the ICOS T cell costimulatory molecule. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of B7h triggering by a soluble form of ICOS (ICOS-Fc) on the adhesion of colon carcinoma cell lines to HUVECs. We found that B7h triggering inhibited HUVEC adhesiveness to HT29 and DLD1 cells (by 50 and 35%, respectively) but not to HCT116 cells. The effect was dependent on the ICOS-Fc dose and was detectable as early as 30 min after treatment and was still present after 24 h. It was inhibited by soluble anti-ICOS reagents (mAb and B7h-Fc) and silencing of B7h on HUVECs, and it was not displayed by an F119S mutated form of ICOS-Fc that does not bind B7h. HUVEC treatment with ICOS-Fc did not modulate expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, but it substantially downmodulated ERK phosphorylation induced by E-selectin triggering or osteopontin, which may influence HUVEC adhesiveness. Moreover, HUVEC treatment with ICOS-Fc also inhibited adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells and several tumor cell lines from different origins. Therefore, the B7h–ICOS interaction may modulate spreading of cancer metastases and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells in inflammatory sites, which opens a view on the use of ICOS-Fc as an immunomodulatory drug.