bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Head and Neck Cancer (HNC): the perspective of psychologists
Authors: Becker Sven , Kirchberger Inge , Cieza Alarcos , Berghaus Alexander , Harréus Ulrich , Reichel Oliver , Tschiesner Uta 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjective: The ‘Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Head and Neck Cancer (HNC)’ is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and represents the typical spectrum of problems in functioning of patients with HNC. The objective of this study was to explore the content validity of this Core Set from the perspective of psychologists.Methods: Psychologists experienced in HNC treatment were asked about the patients' problems, resources and aspects of environment they treat in HNC patients in a three‐round Delphi survey. First round responses were linked to the ICF. In round two a list of all identified ICF categories was sent to the participants and they were asked whether the listed ICF categories represent the patients' problems, resources and the aspects of the environment psychologists treat in HNC patients. In round three the participants were requested to reconsider their decisions based on the group response. Kappa statistics was used to describe the agreement between the two health care professionals who performed the linking.Results: 34 psychologists from 15 countries named 728 concepts covering all ICF components. 98 ICF categories were linked to these answers. 27 concepts were linked to the not yet developed ICF component ‘personal factors’. Kappa coefficient reached 0.71 (95% bootstrapped CI 0.64–0.77).Conclusion: The validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for HNC was largely supported by the perspective of psychologists. However, some categories considered relevant for psychologists but currently not covered by the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for HNC require further investigation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of the Superhydrophobic‐Modification of Silicone Rubber Surfaces by CF4 ICP and CCP
Authors: Gao Song‐Hua , Zhou Ke‐Sheng , Lei Ming‐Kai , Wen Li‐Shi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSuper‐hydrophobic surface‐modification of silicone rubber (SIR) as an outdoor insulator by CF4 radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) has been studied. X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and static contact angle measurements were employed to characterize the changes of the surface chemical composition, topography, and hydrophobicity. The results show that etching or ablation and fluorination are parallel and competitive during both treatments. The improvement of hydrophobicity is ascribed to the coaction of the increase of surface roughness and the introduction of fluoric groups (CCFn) or structures (SiF and SiF2). It is also found that the ratio of [SiF]/[CF] and the increase of surface roughness of the SIR treated by CCP are higher than that by ICP, which leads to a greater hydrophobic modification effect by the CCP process.magnified image
Analyses of Thick Lithium Coatings Deposited by Sputter‐Evaporation and Exposed to Air
Authors: Rigaux C. , Lafort A. , Bodart F. , Jongen Y. , Cambriani A. , Lucas S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLithium coatings on various substrates have numerous applications: Boron neutron capture therapy, neutron activation analysis, super‐conducting tokamak etc. Traditionally these coatings are produced by well‐known techniques such as electrochemistry and evaporation. In this work, we investigated a new method based on sputter‐evaporation, which enables thick coatings (>10 µm) to be built on various substrates within a short timeframe. In order to minimize the process time, evaporation techniques can be used but the coating quality suffers. Moreover, it is well known that the use of DC magnetron sputtering results in the deposition of good quality coatings (smoothness, density, adhesion); however, the deposition rate is low. The rationale of this work is to combine these two techniques, yielding a sputter‐evaporation process that possesses the advantages of each separate technique. Li is placed in a stainless steel crucible (cathode), and heated by the plasma generated by a magnetron discharge. The Li temperature is measured by a thermocouple welded onto the cathode and measured at different plasma power densities. The deposition rate of lithium is measured using a quartz balance and by profilometry, at several temperatures (from 0 to 580 °C). Li samples were depth‐profiled with the resonant nuclear reaction 7Li(p,γ)7. In addition to the concentration, certain characteristics like the density and the chemical reactivity of layers, are also important. Thus we have studied the evolution of the density with time, estimated by weight and profilometry measurements, and the change in morphology, by cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of samples exposed to air at room temperature. The evolution of the film compounds have also been determined by X‐ray powder diffraction. These physical properties have been investigated for various bias substrates during deposition.
High Temporal Resolution Ion Energy Distribution Functions in HIPIMS Discharges
Authors: Mishra Anurag , Clarke Gregory , Kelly Peter , Bradley James W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA technique for obtaining high time resolution ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) at the substrate in depositing plasma has been demonstrated, and applied to a high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) discharge. Key to this technique is the electrostatic gating of ions inside the instrument end cap. To demonstrate the performance of this technique, IEDF measurements with a 2 µs time‐resolution have been made with the following HIPIMS operating conditions: a repetition rate of 100 Hz, a pulse width of 100 µs, a pressure of 0.26 Pa and a peak power density of 2.5 kW cm−2. The orifice of the mass spectrometer was positioned facing the racetrack region of the circular magnetron cathode. The Ar+ ions were detected 8 µs after initiation of the discharge voltage pulse, exhibiting a narrow distribution of energies, while Ti+ ions were detected 14 µs after the initiation, showing a high‐energy tail extending up to 100 eV. The time‐evolution of Ti+ ions show that the metal flux starts to be built up at the substrate position at times 20 µs after the pulse initiation.
Deposition of TiN–WS2 Nanocomposite Coatings by a Hybrid Process: Reactive Sputtering and Clusters Gun
Authors: Mohan D. Bharathi , Svahn F. , Cavaleiro A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA dc magnetron reactive sputtering equipment connected with a homemade clusters gun was used to deposit a series of TiN–WS2 nanocomposite coatings with different magnetron power values and different argon pressures in the clusters gun. The original idea was to achieve from the TiN matrix, originated from the normal running of the magnetron system, the high wear resistance property, whereas the pre‐formed IF–WS2 nanospheres introduced by the clusters gun would provide the low friction coefficient. A small peak detected at low diffraction angles by X‐ray diffraction in two of the produced samples gave the first evidence of the WS2 nanospheres incorporation in the TiN matrix. Then, scanning electron microscopy was used for observing very small grain features which were identified as the WS2 nanospheres by energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays, demonstrating the feasibility of this hybrid technique for the deposition of nanocomposite coatings.
Modulated T‐complex protein 1 ζ and peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase B are two novel indicators for evaluating lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: Evidence from proteomics and bioinformatics
Authors: Yue Fei , Wang Li‐Shun , Xia Li , Wang Xiao‐Ling , Feng Bo , Lu Ai‐Guo , Chen Guo‐Qiang , Zheng Min‐Hua 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLymph node metastasis (LNM) is an important indicator for systematic therapy, which could increase the survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, effective clinical evaluation for LNM is still absent to date. In this study, protein expression profiles of CRC tissues were compared between patients with and without LNM. Based on average expression level, 12 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the CRC tissues with LNM, whose discrimination reliability was confirmed by PCA. With stepwise linear discriminant analysis, T‐complex protein 1 ζ subunit and peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase B (PPIB) were identified as two main contributors for separating CRC tissues with positive LNM from those negative ones in both original‐grouped and cross‐validated‐grouped cases, which was also supported in subsequent linear support vector machine analysis. In addition, the expression alterations of the two proteins were verified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Functional studies also confirmed the role of PPIB in migration and invasion of cancer cells. Taken together, the down‐regulated T‐complex protein 1 ζ subunit and up‐regulated PPIB were identified as two promising indicators for the clinical evaluation of LNM in CRC patients.
Toward the proteome of the human peripheral blood eosinophil
Authors: Straub Christof , Pazdrak Konrad , Young Travis W. , Stafford Susan J. , Wu Zheng , Wiktorowicz John E. , Haag Anthony M. , English Robert D. , Soman Kizhake V. , Kurosky Alexander 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEosinophils (EOSs) are granular leukocytes that have significant roles in many inflammatory and immunoregulatory responses, especially asthma and allergic diseases. We have undertaken a fairly comprehensive proteomic analysis of purified peripheral blood EOSs from normal human donors primarily employing 2‐DE with protein spot identification by MALDI‐MS. Protein subfractionation methods employed included IEF (Zoom®Fractionator) and subcellular fractionation using differential protein solubilization. We have identified 3141 proteins, which had Mascot expectation scores of 10−3or less. Of these 426 were unique and non‐redundant of which 231 were novel proteins not previously reported to occur in EOSs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that some 70% of the non‐redundant proteins could be subdivided into categories that are clearly related to currently known EOS biological activities. Cytoskeletal and associated proteins predominated among the proteins identified. Extensive protein posttranslational modifications were evident, many of which have not been previously reported that reflected the dynamic character of the EOS. This data set of eosinophilic proteins will prove valuable in comparative studies of diseaseversusnormal states and for studies of gender differences and polymorphic variation among individuals.
Toward a Successful Clinical Neuroproteomics The 11th HUPO Brain Proteome Project Workshop 3 March, 2009, Kolymbari, Greece
Authors: Kim Young Hye , Marcus Katrin , Grinberg Lea Tenenholz , Goehler Heike , Wiltfang Jens , Stephan Christian , Eisenacher Martin , Hardt Tanja , Martens Lennart , J. Dunn Michael , Park Young Mok , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe HUPO Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP) held its 11th workshop in Kolymbari on March 3, 2009. The principal aim of this project is to obtain a better understanding of neurodiseases and ageing, with the ultimate objective of discovering prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, in addition to the development of novel diagnostic techniques and new medications. The attendees came together to discuss sub‐project progress in the clinical neuroproteomics of human or mouse models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and to define the needs and guidelines required for more advanced proteomics approaches. With the election of new steering committees, the members of the HUPO BPP elaborated an actual plan promoting activities, outcomes, and future directions of the HUPO BPP to acquire new funding and new participants.
The benefits of comparing similar hazards across ‘sister’ plants
Authors: Downes Anthony , Twarowski Andrew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCompanies often have multiple ‘sister’ plants in different locations, sometimes scattered around the globe. Generally, these companies are striving for similarly low risk among all these sister plants, even though they may have been built at different times, using evolving technology, and often have different capacities. In the pursuit of achieving acceptably low risk at all the chemical plants within a company, Process Safety specialists tend to put each under the PHA ‘microscope’ separately. FMC has several businesses that operate multiple “sister” plants, and has found that there are substantial benefits to be gained by also comparing the hazards at similar plants. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Effect of annealing on electrical, structural, and optical properties of sol–gel ITO thin films
Authors: Hammad Talaat Moussa 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIndium tin oxide (ITO) thin films (In/Sn = 90:10) prepared by the sol–gel dip‐coating process on glass substrates, followed by annealing in air in the temperature range 150–550 °C were studied. Overall the films structure, surface roughness, and electrical performances are improved, leading to electrical resistivity fifth order of magnitude larger than before annealing and a more compact and crystalline films, translated by a preferential orientation in the (111) direction. Besides that, the films are highly transparent in the visible range, where it shows an average transmittance of 92.3% after annealing to 550 °C. The allowed direct band gap at temperature range 150–550 °C was estimated to be 3.32–4.21 eV, increasing as the annealing temperature also increases.
Activation energy of thermally grown silicon dioxide layers on silicon substrates
Authors: Gerlach G. , Maser K. , Saad A. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA detailed numerical consideration is used as basic approach for calculating profiles of activation energy versus oxide thickness for various temperatures between 780 and 930 °C. Results presented here are intentionally not based on models of diffusion and reaction kinetics to avoid introducing correction terms due to the expansion of theory still under discussion. The statistical calculation gives the mean activation energy of 2.01 eV with standard deviation of 0.10 eV, very close to the overall activation energy of 2.05 eV [M. A. Rabie, Y. M. Haddara, and J. Carette, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 074904 (2005)]. More instructive features of the thermal oxidation of silicon have been disclosed directly from measurements of oxide thickness with time [M. A. Hopper, R. A. Clarke, and L. Young, J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 1216 (1975) and J. Blanc, Philos. Mag. B 55, 685 (1987)]. Graphs of the natural logarithm of the growth rate versus oxide thickness, in the range between 2 and 65 nm, show that the oxide thickness influences the activation energy EA between 1.4 and 2.7 eV.
The fracture toughness of composite laminates with a negative Poisson's ratio
Authors: Donoghue J. P. , Alderson K. L. , Evans K. E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo sets of carbon fibre laminate configurations have been designed, manufactured and examined. The first consisted of one in‐plane auxetic (i.e. having a negative Poisson's ratio) and one with matched elastic moduli, but a positive in‐plane Poisson's ratio. The second consisted of three laminates, again with matched elastic moduli, but with negative, near zero and positive thru‐thickness Poisson's ratio. Fracture toughness is predicted to be enhanced if a negative thru‐thickness Poisson's ratio is present. This study also shows that more energy is required to propagate a crack in the auxetic laminate and that it is less notch sensitive than its conventional counterpart for the negative in‐plane Poisson's ratio.
Modelling the negative Poisson's ratio of compressed fused fibre networks
Authors: Tatlier Mehmet , Berhan Lesley 
Published: August 2009

AbstractExamples of auxetic fused fibrous assemblies can be found among both natural and synthetic materials. In theory, fibrous network materials can exhibit negative Poisson's ratios, yet the deformation mechanisms and parameters which give rise to a negative Poisson's ratio in disordered fibrous materials are not well understood, and this class of auxetic materials remains largely under‐explored. The potential applications of auxetic fibre networks include their use as reinforcement in composites. The process of embedding auxetic random fibrous networks in a polymer matrix is an attractive alternate route to the manufacture of auxetic composites; however, before such an approach can be developed, a methodology for designing fibrous networks with the desired negative Poisson's ratios must first be established. This requires an understanding of the factors which bring about negative Poisson's ratios in these materials. In this work, we present a modelling approach to study the auxetic behaviour of compressed fused fibrous networks. Finite element analyses of three‐dimensional stochastic fibre networks were performed to gain insight into the effects of parameters such as network anisotropy, network density and degree of network compression on the out‐of‐plane Poisson's ratio. The simulation results suggest that compression and anisotropy are the critical parameters that give rise to auxetic behaviour in these materials. We comment on the use of this model to inform the design of fibrous auxetic materials across different length scales, and on the feasibility of developing auxetic composites by using auxetic fibrous networks as the reinforcing phase. Preliminary experimental results indicate that this approach is a promising route in the pursuit of negative Poisson's ratio composites.
Negative mass sound shielding structures: Early results
Authors: Calius Emilio P. , Bremaud Xavier , Smith Bryan , Hall Andrew 
Published: August 2009

AbstractElastic meta‐materials or meta‐composites can be designed to have a negative effective mass density at certain vibration frequencies, thus blocking wave propagation through the material within that frequency band. The negative mass behaviour is generated by resonant structures within the material that oscillate 180° out of phase with the acoustic pressure waves applied to the surface. As this research is in its initial stages this paper describes work in progress in both the experimental and numerical domains, and some early results from solids containing geometrically simple spring–mass resonant structures. Behaviour is characterized experimentally by dynamic tests of individual resonators as well as impedance tube measurements of panel‐like structures containing multiple resonant elements. The experimental results exhibit clear evidence of the expected resonances, and partial band gap behaviour. Finite element models of both single resonant elements and impedance tube specimens are being developed, and the current status of these models is described. Their results to date show good agreement with the mass law and qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
Compressive uniaxial properties of auxetic open cell PU based foams
Authors: Cadamagnani F. , Frontoni S. , Bianchi M. , Scarpa F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe mechanical properties of negative Poisson's ratio foams are described under compressive loading both from a numerical and experimental point of view. Different samples of open cell PU (polyurethane) based auxetic foams (i.e. with negative Poisson's ratio) were manufactured following a dedicated manufacturing process, using different compression ratios and temperature profiles. High strain rate and quasi static compressive loading tests were performed in order to benchmark the numerical model. A numerical technique based on loading simulations of statistical assemblies of cells has been adapted to represent the uniaxial compressive behaviour of the auxetic foams. The results can be applied to predict the auxetic foam's behaviour and solving problems related to protection and packaging.
Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats treated with fucoidan
Authors: Kim Heechul , Moon Changjong , Park Eun‐jin , Jee Youngheun , Ahn Meejung , Wie Myung Bok , Shin Taekyun 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe examined whether fucoidan affected the clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. EAE was induced in Lewis rats that were immunized with guinea‐pig myelin basic protein (MBP) and complete Freund's adjuvant. Fucoidan (50 mg/kg, daily) was administered to rats with EAE intraperitoneally, either in the EAE induction phase from either 1 day before immunization to day 7 post‐immunization (PI), or the effector phase from day 8 to 14 PI, to test which phase of rat EAE is affected by fucoidan treatment.The onset, severity and duration of EAE paralysis in the fucoidan‐treated group in the days 8–14 PI‐treated rats, but not in days −1–7 PI‐treated rats, were significantly delayed, suppressed and reduced, respectively, compared with the vehicle‐treated controls. Treatment with fucoidan reduced the encephalitogenic response and TNF‐α production during EAE. Moreover, the clinical amelioration coincided with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the EAE‐affected spinal cord. The ameliorative effect of fucoidan on clinical paralysis in EAE‐affected rats may be mediated, in part, by the suppression of the autoreactive T cell response and inflammatory cytokine production. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of vanillin and its effects on mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Beaudry Francis , Ross Andréanne , Lema Pablo Patricio , Vachon Pascal 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe analgesic effects of vanillin on neuropathic pain was evaluated using thermal sensitivity and mechanical allodynia using the sciatic nerve constriction model (n = 30 rats). To determine the pharmacokinetics of vanillin, rats (n = 6/administration route) received either 20 or 100 mg/kg of vanillin i.v. and p.o., respectively. For the pharmacodynamic study, baseline levels for hyperalgesia and allodynia were taken for 5 days prior to surgery. Following surgery each group (n = 6 rats/group) received either vanillin (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg), morphine (2 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg) or the vehicle only. Pharmacokinetic results following p.o. administrations are Cmax 290.24 ng/mL, Tmax 4 h, relative clearance 62.17 L/h/kg and T1/2 10.3 h. The bioavailability is 7.6%. Mechanical allodynia was decreased on treatment days 1, 2, 3, 5 (p < 0.003) and not on day 4 (p > 0.02) with 50 mg/kg vanillin, whereas at 100 mg/kg p.o. a decrease was noted only on days 7 and 8 (p < 0.003). No effect on hyperalgesia was seen following vanillin administration. In conclusion, vanillin is bioavailable and seems to have an alleviating effect on mechanical allodynia, and not on hyperalgesia, when evaluated with a chronic constriction nerve injury rat model of neuropathic pain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.