bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing bariatric surgery safety for patients refusing blood transfusions: a specialized protocol with comprehensive technical measures
Authors: Dalkılıç Muhammed Said , Gençtürk Mehmet , Şişik Abdullah , Erdem Hasan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBariatric surgery has become a leading treatment for obesity, with techniques such as Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) demonstrating notable success in sustained weight loss and improved quality of life. Technological advancements and improved techniques have enhanced the safety of these procedures. The surgical procedures of Jehovah’s Witnesses, who refuse blood transfusions as part of their beliefs, pose unique challenges and have rarely been addressed in the context of bariatric surgery. This report aimed to investigate the safety of bariatric surgery in patients who refuse blood transfusion, with an established protocol to minimize the risk of bleeding. We examined the prospectively collected data of Jehovah’s Witness patients who underwent bariatric surgery from 2019 to 2023. The surgeries were conducted following a protocol that included specific measures to prevent bleeding. Data were reviewed for demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, preoperative medications, operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, hemoglobin level, drainage volume, tranexamic acid use, and postoperative 30-day complications. Eleven Jehovah’s Witness patients underwent bariatric surgery, including 10 LSG and 1 LRYGB. A patient with iron deficiency anemia underwent intravenous iron treatment before the surgery. There were no intraoperative complications or major postoperative complications. All patients maintained stable hemodynamics postoperatively. Only one patient encountered nausea–vomiting, classified as a minor complication. One patient experienced a small amount of hemorrhagic drainage, which transitioned to serous after tranexamic acid infusion. Bariatric surgery can be performed safely with established protocols in patients who refuse blood transfusions.
Toward an international standardisation roadmap for nanomedicine
Authors: Caputo Fanny , Favre Georges , Borchard Gerrit , Calzolai Luigi , Fisicaro Paola , Frejafon Emeric , Günday-Türeli Nazende , Koltsov Denis , Minelli Caterina , Nelson Bryant C. , Parot Jérémie , Prina-Mello Adriele , Zou Shan , Ouf François-Xavier 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe French National Metrology Institute (LNE) initiated a series of events to identify priorities for test methods and their harmonisation that directly address regulatory needs in Nanomedicine. One of these workshops entitled “The International Standardisation Roadmap for Nanomedicine” held in October 2023 (Paris, France) brought together key experts in the characterisation of nanomedicines and medical products containing nanomaterials, including the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, SINTEF Industry and the metrology institutes of France, the UK, the USA and Canada, two flagship initiatives of the European Commission (PHOENIX and SAFE-n-MEDTECH Open Innovation Test Beds), representatives of a working party on mRNA vaccines at the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) and members of international standardisation and pre-normative organisations (including CEN, ISO, ASTM, VAMAS). Two take-home message came out from the discussion. First, developing standard test methods and Reference Materials (RMs) for nanomedicines is a key priority for the European Commission and various stakeholders. Furthermore, there was a unanimous recognition of the need for a unified approach between standardisation committees, regulators and the nanomedicine community. At the USA, Canadian and European level, examples of success stories and of future initiative have been discussed. Future perspectives include the creation of a dedicated Working Group under CEN/TC 352 to consolidate efforts and develop a nanomedicine standardisation roadmap.
Graphical Abstract
Friends or Foes: Is Unamendability the Answer to Democratic Backsliding?
Authors: Suteu Silvia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnamendability is often viewed as a ‘lock on the door’ that can keep enemies of constitutional democracy out, at least for a time. Unsurprisingly, it has also been invoked as a potential bulwark democratic backsliding. While it may not entirely thwart authoritarian populist takeovers, unamendability – including in the form of basic structure doctrines or constitutional identity review – is said to at least delay them, buy some time for defenders of constitutional democracy to resist, and clearly signal to the outside world (including supranational institutions such as the European Union) that foul play is afoot. This article questions such easy assumptions about the nature and operation of unamendability, both in general and in an authoritarian populist context in particular. It argues, based on the examples of India and Hungary, that unamendability is a tool either too ineffective to be deployed against authoritarian populists in power, even while courts may not have been fully captured, or one they are just as comfortable wielding as their opponents. For example, the Indian Supreme Court’s hitherto celebrated basic structure doctrine has been useless in the face of the court’s refusal to hear or decide key challenges against the government. Additionally, drawing on the Hungarian case, the article shows the dark side of constitutional identity review includes captured courts defending majoritarianism and exclusion in the name of a national identity perceived as under attack. In other words, doctrines of unamendability may quickly and subversively turn into instruments of entrenching the very authoritarian populist projects proponents of such doctrines abhor.
A case study on phishing detection with a machine learning net
Authors: Bezerra Ana , Pereira Ivo , Rebelo Miguel Ângelo , Coelho Duarte , Oliveira Daniel Alves de , Costa Joaquim F. Pinto , Cruz Ricardo P. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhishing attacks aims to steal sensitive information and, unfortunately, are becoming a common practice on the web. Email phishing is one of the most common types of attacks on the web and can have a big impact on individuals and enterprises. There is still a gap in prevention when it comes to detecting phishing emails, as new attacks are usually not detected. The goal of this work was to develop a model capable of identifying phishing emails based on machine learning approaches. The work was performed in collaboration with E-goi, a multi-channel marketing automation company. The data consisted of emails collected from the E-goi servers in the electronic mail format. The problem consisted of a classification problem with unbalanced classes, with the minority class corresponding to the phishing emails and having less than 1% of the total emails. Several models were evaluated after careful data selection and feature extraction based on the email content and the literature regarding these types of problems. Due to the imbalance present in the data, several sampling methods based on under-sampling techniques were tested to see their impact on the model’s ability to detect phishing emails. The final model consisted of a neural network able to detect more than 80% of phishing emails without compromising the remaining emails sent by E-goi clients.
Hyphal editing of the conserved premature stop codon in CHE1 is stimulated by oxidative stress in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Zou Jingwen , Du Yanfei , Xing Xiaoxing , Huang Panpan , Wang Zeyi , Liu Huiquan , Wang Qinhu , Xu JinRong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough genome-wide A-to-I editing mediated by adenosine-deaminase-acting-on-tRNA (ADAT) occurs during sexual reproduction in the presence of stage-specific cofactors, RNA editing is not known to occur during vegetative growth in filamentous fungi. Here we identified 33 A-to-I RNA editing events in vegetative hyphae of Fusarium graminearum and functionally characterized one conserved hyphal-editing site. Similar to ADAT-mediated editing during sexual reproduction, majority of hyphal-editing sites are in coding sequences and nonsynonymous, and have strong preference for U at -1 position and hairpin loops. Editing at TA437G, one of the hyphal-specific editing sites, is a premature stop codon correction (PSC) event that enables CHE1 gene to encode a full-length zinc fingertranscription factor. Manual annotations showed that this PSC site is conserved in CHE1 orthologs from closely-related Fusarium species. Whereas the che1 deletion and CHE1TAA (G438 to A) mutants had no detectable phenotype, the CHE1TGG (A437 to G) mutant was defective in hyphal growth, conidiation, sexual reproduction, and plant infection. However, the CHE1TGG mutant was increased in tolerance against oxidative stress and editing of TA437G in CHE1 was stimulated by H2O2 treatment in F. graminearum. These results indicate that fixation of the premature stop codon in CHE1 has a fitness cost on normal hyphal growth and reproduction but provides a benefit to tolerance against oxidative stress. Taken together, A-to-I editing events, although rare (not genome-wide), occur during vegetative growth and editing in CHE1 plays a role in response to oxidative stress in F. graminearum and likely in other fungal pathogens.
Universities with standards but not standard universities: students and academics reflection of university operating standards in Tanzania
Authors: William Yohana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuality of teaching and learning in higher education is explained by the teaching and learning milieus through which academic staff and students interact. Subsequently, governments across the globe have been establishing standards that aim at improving the teaching and learning milieus in universities as part of the efforts to facilitate the provision of quality university education that address national and global needs and contexts simultaneously. This paper draws evidence from the quantitative data gauging the reflection and experiences of academic staff and students regarding the extent to which milieus for the provision of education in post-1995 universities reflect the goals of the standards established to govern the operation of universities in Tanzania. Overall, the study found dissatisfactions from both academic staff and students regarding the extent to which the teaching and learning milieus in post-1995 universities in Tanzania reflect the standards. This poor reflection may have negative impacts on the realisation of the goals the standards intend to achieve. The study therefore underscores the need for the government to plan, design and enforce the appropriate standards that would have notable impacts on the academic experiences of academic staff and students and subsequently provision of education for national and global needs.
Frequency Channel Selection and Performance Simulation of a Microwave Radiometer for Temperature and Sulfuric Compound Profiling of the Venusian Lower Atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Zijin , Dong Xiaolong , Xu Jian , He Jieying , Wang Wenyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExploring the Venusian lower atmosphere is crucial for studying the atmospheric circulation, surface‐atmosphere interactions, and origin and evolution of the Venusian atmosphere and climate. In this study, we investigate the theoretical capabilities of a downward‐looking passive microwave sounder placed in low Venus orbit to measure the temperature, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4(g)) profiles. A nonlinear iterative retrieval algorithm combining a radiative transfer (RT) model and an optimal‐estimation‐based inversion algorithm is established. With the RT model adapted to the Venusian atmosphere, simulations under different atmospheric conditions are performed to optimize the selection of frequency channels. The achievable altitude coverage, vertical resolution and corresponding expected precision of the temperature, SO2 and H2SO4(g) retrievals from the multi‐channel brightness temperature measurements are quantified via retrieval simulations. The temperature can be retrieved from the surface of Venus to an altitude of ∼61 km with a precision of 1–3.5 K and a vertical resolution of 6–15 km. A precision of 10%–35% is expected for SO2 in the ∼12–64 km altitude range and with a vertical resolution of 8–19 km. H2SO4(g) can be retrieved in the ∼36–54 km altitude range with a precision of 10%–30% and a vertical resolution of 6–13 km.
Humidity Effects on the Positive Leader Steps in Laboratory Long Spark Discharges
Authors: Li Dianhang , Chen Weijiang , Huang Shengxin , Qi Bo , Xiang Nianwen , Fu Yufei , Fu Zhong , Ding Yujian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe stepwise development of positive lightning leaders is still not well understood. A recent laboratory study indicated, at high absolute humidity, positive leaders can do steps due to the merging of a separate luminous structure and the primary leader channel, similar to the steps of negative leaders. The humidity may play a key role in the formation of positive leader steps, however, the humidity effect on the positive leader steps has never been explored. In this paper, we examine numerous positive long spark discharges at different humidity levels with the synchronized discharge current and high‐speed camera frames recording the evolution of leader channel. The positive leader propagation manners at different humidity levels are compared both morphologically and electrically. The effect of humidity on steps is further analyzed statistically. We found that the positive leader steps characterized by steep‐rise current pulse and abrupt channel elongation, which may be led by separate luminous structures, only appear under the condition that high absolute humidity is above a certain threshold. As the ambient humidity increases, these positive leader steps occur more frequently.
CFC‐12 Emissions in China Inferred From Observation and Inverse Modeling
Authors: Ma Mengyue , Hu Xiaoyi , Yao Bo , Li Bowei , An Minde , Fang Xuekun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDichlorodifluoromethane (CFC‐12) is an ozone‐depleting substance and potent greenhouse gas, which was required to be phased out after 2010 under the Montreal Protocol. CFC‐12 emissions need to be quantitatively traced. However, estimates of CFC‐12 emissions in China based on atmospheric inversions are unavailable after 2010. Here, using atmospheric observations at nine sites across China and inversion techniques, we quantify CFC‐12 emissions in China during 2011–2020 (on average 11.0 ± 0.6 Gg yr−1). The emissions derived from observations are 8.5 times larger than the previously reported inventories. Apart from emissions from eastern China revealed in previous studies, this study reveals that 71% of national total emissions were from other parts of China. Moreover, this study reconciled the global CFC‐12 emissions during 2011–2020: 28% were traced to China by this study, 9% of emissions were traced in previous studies, while 63% remain untraced, indicating the need for more regional emission inversion studies.
Are Forecasts of the Tropical Cyclone Radius of Maximum Wind Skillful?
Authors: Trabing Benjamin C. , Penny Andrew B. , Martinez Jonathan , Fritz Cody 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe radius of maximum wind (RMW) defines the location of the maximum winds in a tropical cyclone and is critical to understanding intensity change as well as hazard impacts. A comparison between the Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) models and two statistical models based off the National Hurricane Center official forecast is conducted relative to a new baseline climatology to better understand whether models have skill in forecasting the RMW of North Atlantic tropical cyclones. On average, the HAFS models are less skillful than the climatology and persistence baseline and two statistically derived RMW estimates. The performance of the HAFS models is dependent on intensity with better skill for stronger tropical cyclones compared to weaker tropical cyclones. To further improve guidance of tropical cyclone hazards, more work needs to be done to improve forecasts of tropical cyclone structure.
Human gastric cancer progression and stabilization of ATG2B through RNF5 binding facilitated by autophagy-associated CircDHX8
Authors: Wei Guanxin , Chen Xiang , Ruan Tuo , Ma Xianxiong , Zhu Xiuxian , Wen Wenhao , He Danzeng , Tao Kaixiong , Wu Chuanqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe role of circDHX8 in the interplay between autophagy and gastric cancer (GC) progression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the role of hsa_circ_003899 (circDHX8) in the malignancy of GC. Differential expression of circRNAs between GC and normal tissues was determined using circle-seq and microarray datasets (GSE83521). These circRNAs were validated using qPCR and Sanger sequencing. The function of circDHX8 was investigated through interference with circDHX8 expression experiments using in vitro and in vivo functional assays. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were used to establish whether circDHX8 promoted autophagy in GC cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the circDHX8-mediated regulation of autophagy, we performed bioinformatics analysis, RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry (MS), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and other western Blot related experiments. Hsa_circ_0003899 (circDHX8) was identified as upregulated and shown to enhance the malignant progression in GC cells by promoting cellular autophagy. Mechanistically, circDHX8 increased ATG2B protein levels by preventing ubiquitin-mediated degradation, thereby facilitating cell proliferation and invasion in GC. Additionally, circDHX8 directly interacts with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF5, inhibiting the RNF5-mediated degradation of ATG2B. Concurrently, ATG2B, an acetylated protein, is subjected to SIRT1-mediated deacetylation, enhancing its binding to RNF5. Consequently, we established a novel mechanism for the role of circDHX8 in the malignant progression of GC.
Entire expressed peripheral blood transcriptome in pediatric severe malarial anemia
Authors: Anyona Samuel B. , Cheng Qiuying , Wasena Sharley A. , Osata Shamim W. , Guo Yan , Raballah Evans , Hurwitz Ivy , Onyango Clinton O. , Ouma Collins , Seidenberg Philip D. , McMahon Benjamin H. , Lambert Christophe G. , Schneider Kristan A. , Perkins Douglas J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study on severe malarial anemia (SMA: Hb < 6.0 g/dL), a leading global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, compares the entire expressed whole blood host transcriptome between Kenyan children (3-48 mos.) with non-SMA (Hb ≥ 6.0 g/dL, n = 39) and SMA (n = 18). Differential expression analyses reveal 1403 up-regulated and 279 down-regulated transcripts in SMA, signifying impairments in host inflammasome activation, cell death, and innate immune and cellular stress responses. Immune cell profiling shows decreased memory responses, antigen presentation, and immediate pathogen clearance, suggesting an immature/improperly regulated immune response in SMA. Module repertoire analysis of blood-specific gene signatures identifies up-regulation of erythroid genes, enhanced neutrophil activation, and impaired inflammatory responses in SMA. Enrichment analyses converge on disruptions in cellular homeostasis and regulatory pathways for the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and heme metabolism. Pathway analyses highlight activation in response to hypoxic conditions [Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)−1 target and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) signaling] as a central theme in SMA. These signaling pathways are also top-ranking in protein abundance measures and a Ugandan SMA cohort with available transcriptomic data. Targeted RNA-Seq validation shows strong concordance with our entire expressed transcriptome data. These findings identify key molecular themes in SMA pathogenesis, offering potential targets for new malaria therapies.
Ligand-mediate exciton allocation enables efficient cluster-based white light-emitting diodes via single and heavy doping
Authors: Sun Jianan , Li Naiyu , Gong Zhuke , Man Yi , Zhong Chunlei , Duan Chunbo , Chen Shuo , Zhang Jing , Han Chunmiao , Xu Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite potential in high-resolution and low-cost displays and lighting, multi-doping structures and low concentrations (<1%) limit repeatability and stability of single-emissive-layer white light-emitting devices. Herein, we report a singly doped white-emitting system of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence host matrix (CzAcSF) doped by yellow Cu4I4 cluster ([tBCzDppy]2Cu4I4). CzAcSF:x% [tBCzDppy]2Cu4I4 films realize photo- and electro-luminescence colors from cool white to warm white at x = 20–40. The external quantum efficiency of 23.5% was achieved at x = 30, indicating the record-high efficiency among solution-processed analogs and the largest doping concentration among efficient white light-emitting devices. It shows that di(tert-butyl)carbazole moieties in [tBCzDppy]2Cu4I4 provide high-lying excited energy levels at~2.6 eV to mediate energy transfer from CzAcSF (2.9 eV) to coordinated Cu4I4 (2.2 eV). Our results demonstrate the antenna effect of ligands on optimizing charge and energy transfer in organic-cluster systems and superiority of white cluster light-emitting diodes in practical applications.
Ribosomal DNA copy number is associated with body mass in humans and other mammals
Authors: Law Pui Pik , Mikheeva Liudmila A. , Rodriguez-Algarra Francisco , Asenius Fredrika , Gregori Maria , Seaborne Robert A. E. , Yildizoglu Selin , Miller James R. C. , Tummala Hemanth , Mesnage Robin , Antoniou Michael N. , Li Weilong , Tan Qihua , Hillman Sara L. , Rakyan Vardhman K. , Williams David J. , Holland Michelle L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBody mass results from a complex interplay between genetics and environment. Previous studies of the genetic contribution to body mass have excluded repetitive regions due to the technical limitations of platforms used for population scale studies. Here we apply genome-wide approaches, identifying an association between adult body mass and the copy number (CN) of 47S-ribosomal DNA (rDNA). rDNA codes for the 18 S, 5.8 S and 28 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) components of the ribosome. In mammals, there are hundreds of copies of these genes. Inter-individual variation in the rDNA CN has not previously been associated with a mammalian phenotype. Here, we show that rDNA CN variation associates with post-pubertal growth rate in rats and body mass index in adult humans. rDNA CN is not associated with rRNA transcription rates in adult tissues, suggesting the mechanistic link occurs earlier in development. This aligns with the observation that the association emerges by early adulthood.
The global apparel industry is a significant yet overlooked source of plastic leakage
Authors: Kounina Anna , Daystar Jesse , Chalumeau Sophie , Devine Jon , Geyer Roland , Pires Steven T. , Sonar Shreya Uday , Venditti Richard A. , Boucher Julien 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlastic pollution is a global environmental threat with potentially irreversible impacts on aquatic life, ecosystems, and human health. This study is a comprehensive assessment of the global apparel industry’s contribution to plastic pollution. It includes plastic leakage of packaging and end-of-life apparel waste in addition to fiber emissions during apparel production and use. We estimate that the apparel industry generated 8.3 [4.8–12.3] million tons (Mt) of plastic pollution in 2019, corresponding to 14% [5.5%–30%] of the estimated 60 Mt from all sectors. In this study, we demonstrate that the main source of plastic pollution from the apparel supply chain is synthetic clothing as mismanaged waste either in the country of its original use or in the countries receiving used apparel exports. A fundamental transformation of the apparel economy towards a circular framework and decreased synthetic apparel consumption is needed to tackle apparel-related plastic pollution.