bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of TGFβ1-induced tendon-like structure in the scaffold-free three-dimensional tendon cell culture system
Authors: Koo Bon-hyeock , Lee Yeon-Ju , Park Na Rae , Heo Su Chin , Hudson David M. , Fernandes Aysel A. , Friday Chet S. , Hast Michael W. , Corr David T. , Keene Douglas R. , Tufa Sara F. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Joeng Kyu Sang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe biological mechanisms regulating tenocyte differentiation and morphological maturation have not been well-established, partly due to the lack of reliable in vitro systems that produce highly aligned collagenous tissues. In this study, we developed a scaffold-free, three-dimensional (3D) tendon culture system using mouse tendon cells in a differentially adherent growth channel. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) signaling is involved in various biological processes in the tendon, regulating tendon cell fate, recruitment and maintenance of tenocytes, and matrix organization. This known function of TGFβ signaling in tendon prompted us to utilize TGFβ1 to induce tendon-like structures in 3D tendon constructs. TGFβ1 treatment promoted a tendon-like structure in the peripheral layer of the constructs characterized by increased thickness with a gradual decrease in cell density and highly aligned collagen matrix. TGFβ1 also enhanced cell proliferation, matrix production, and morphological maturation of cells in the peripheral layer compared to vehicle treatment. TGFβ1 treatment also induced early tenogenic differentiation and resulted in sufficient mechanical integrity, allowing biomechanical testing. The current study suggests that this scaffold-free 3D tendon cell culture system could be an in vitro platform to investigate underlying biological mechanisms that regulate tenogenic cell differentiation and matrix organization.
Edge computing based real-time Nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus) catch estimation in demersal trawls using object detection models
Authors: Avsar Ercan , Feekings Jordan P. , Krag Ludvig Ahm 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn demersal trawl fisheries, the unavailability of the catch information until the end of the catching process is a drawback, leading to seabed impacts, bycatches and reducing the economic performance of the fisheries. The emergence of in-trawl cameras to observe catches in real-time can provide such information. This data needs to be processed in real-time to determine the catch compositions and rates, eventually improving sustainability and economic performance of the fisheries. In this study, a real-time underwater video processing system counting the Nephrops individuals entering the trawl has been developed using object detection and tracking methods on an edge device (NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin). Seven state-of-the-art YOLO models were tested to discover the appropriate training settings and YOLO model. To achieve real-time processing and accurate counting simultaneously, four frame skipping ideas were evaluated. It has been shown that adaptive frame skipping approach, together with YOLOv8s model, can increase the processing speed up to 97.47 FPS while achieving correct count rate and F-score of 82.57% and 0.86, respectively. In conclusion, this system can improve the sustainability of the Nephrops directed trawl fishery by providing catch information in real-time.
Apigenin and its combination with Vorinostat induces apoptotic-mediated cell death in TNBC by modulating the epigenetic and apoptotic regulators and related miRNAs
Authors: Nimal Snehal , Kumbhar Navanath , Saruchi  , Rathore Shriya , Naik Nitin , Paymal Sneha , Gacche Rajesh N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic disease and a formidable treatment challenge as it does not respond to existing therapies. Epigenetic regulators play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis by modulating the expression of anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic markers and related miRNAs in TNBC cells. We have investigated the anti-TNBC potential of dietary flavonoid ‘Apigenin’ and its combination with Vorinostat on MDA-MB-231 cells. At Apigenin generated ROS, inhibited cell migration, arrested the cell cycle at subG0/G1 phases, and induced apoptotic-mediated cell death. Apigenin reduced the expression of the class-I HDACs at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. In the immunoblotting study, Apigenin has upregulated pro-apoptotic markers and downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins. Apigenin inhibited the enzymatic activity of HDAC/DNMT and increased HAT activity. Apigenin has manifested its effect on miRNA expression by upregulating the tumor-suppressor miR-200b and downregulation oncomiR-21. Combination study reduced the growth of TNBC cells synergistically by modulating the expression of epigenetic and apoptotic regulators. Molecular docking and MD simulations explored the mechanism of catalytic inhibition of HDAC1 and HDAC3 and supported the in-vitro studies. The overall studies demonstrated an anti-TNBC potential of Apigenin and may help to design an effective strategy to treat metastatic phenotype of TNBC.
Absence of calcium-sensing receptor basal activity due to inter-subunit disulfide bridges
Authors: Ma Shumin , Yin Xueliang , Pin Jean-Philippe , Rondard Philippe , Yi Ping , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors naturally oscillate between inactive and active states, often resulting in receptor constitutive activity with important physiological consequences. Among the class C G protein-coupled receptors that typically sense amino-acids and their derivatives, the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) tightly controls blood calcium levels. Its constitutive activity has not yet been studied. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the inter-subunit disulfide bridges in maintaining the inactive state of CaSR, resulting in undetectable constitutive activity, unlike the other class C receptors. Deletion of these disulfide bridges results in strong constitutive activity that is abolished by mutations preventing amino acid binding. It shows that this inter-subunit disulfide link is necessary to limit the agonist effect of amino acids on CaSR. Furthermore, human genetic mutations deleting these bridges and associated with hypocalcemia result in elevated CaSR constitutive activity. These results highlight the physiological importance of fine tuning the constitutive activity of G protein-coupled receptors.
Matter-wave collimation to picokelvin energies with scattering length and potential shape control
Authors: Herbst Alexander , Estrampes Timothé , Albers Henning , Corgier Robin , Stolzenberg Knut , Bode Sebastian , Charron Eric , Rasel Ernst M. , Gaaloul Naceur , Schlippert Dennis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe sensitivity of atom interferometers depends on their ability to realize long pulse separation times and prevent loss of contrast by limiting the expansion of the atomic ensemble within the interferometer beam through matter-wave collimation. Here we investigate the impact of atomic interactions on collimation by applying a lensing protocol to a 39K Bose-Einstein condensate at different scattering lengths. Tailoring interactions, we measure energies corresponding to (340 ± 12) pK in one direction. Our results are supported by an accurate simulation, which allows us to extrapolate a 2D ballistic expansion energy of (438 ± 77) pK. Based on our findings we propose an advanced scenario, which enables 3D expansion energies below 16 pK by implementing an additional pulsed delta-kick. Our results pave the way to realize ensembles with more than 1 × 105 atoms and 3D energies in the two-digit pK range in typical dipole trap setups without the need for micro-gravity or long baseline environments.
Near-critical dark opalescence in out-of-equilibrium SF6
Authors: Martelli Valentina , Anquetil Amaury , Al Atik Lin , Larrea Jiménez Julio , Subedi Alaska , Lobo Ricardo P. S. M. , Behnia Kamran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first-order phase transition between the liquid and gaseous phases ends at a critical point. Critical opalescence occurs at this singularity. Discovered in 1822, it is known to be driven by diverging fluctuations in the density. During the past two decades, boundaries between the gas-like and liquid-like regimes have been theoretically proposed and experimentally explored. Here, we show that fast cooling of near-critical sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), in presence of Earth’s gravity, favors dark opalescence, where visible photons are not merely scattered, but also absorbed. When the isochore fluid is quenched across the critical point, its optical transmittance drops by more than three orders of magnitude in the whole visible range, a feature which does not occur during slow cooling. We show that transmittance shows a dip at 2eV near the critical point, and the system can host excitons with binding energies ranging from 0.5 to 4 eV. The spinodal decomposition of the liquid-gas mixture, by inducing a periodical modulation of the fluid density, can provide a scenario to explain the emergence of this platform for coupling between light and matter. The possible formation of excitons and polaritons points to the irruption of quantum effects in a quintessentially classical context.
Large variation in carbon dioxide emissions from tropical peat swamp forests due to disturbances
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Ohkubo Shinjiro , Itoh Masayuki , Tsuzuki Hayato , Sakabe Ayaka , Takahashi Hidenori , Kusin Kitso , Osaki Mitsuru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe huge carbon stock of tropical peat swamp forest (PSF) in Southeast Asia has been threatened by environmental disturbances due to quasi-periodic El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) droughts, biomass and peat burning, smoke haze, drainage, and deforestation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from such disturbances have not been well quantified because of insufficient field data. Therefore, we quantified the ecosystem-scale CO2 balance and examine the disturbance effects from a long-term field experiment for 12–15 years at three PSF sites with different degrees of degradation in Indonesia. Here, we show a drastic change of an undrained PSF from a CO2 sink to a source owing to the transient groundwater lowering by the droughts, a significant decrease in ecosystem photosynthesis due to the radiation attenuation by smoke haze in drought years, and long-lasting CO2 emissions through enhanced peat decomposition by drainage. The impact on CO2 emissions was greater from drainage than drought-induced disturbances.
Whole-ocean network design and implementation pathway for Arctic marine conservation
Authors: James Timothy D. , Sommerkorn Martin , Solovyev Boris , Platonov Nikita , Morrison John , Chernova Natalia , Gavrilo Maria V. , Giangioppi Martine , Onufrenya Irina , Roff John C. , Shpak Olga V. , Skjoldal Hein Rune , Spiridonov Vasily , Ardron Jeff A. , Belikov Stanislav Egorovich , Bluhm Bodil A. , Christensen Tom , Christiansen Jørgen S. , Filatova Olga A. , Frost Mette , Gerhartz-Abraham Adrian , Johansen Kasper Lambert , Karamushko Oleg V. , Keenan Erin , Kochnev Anatoly A. , Lancaster Melanie L. , Melikhova Evgeniya , Merritt Will , Mosbech Anders , Pisareva Maria N. , Møller Peter Rask , Solovyeva Maria , Tertitski Grigori , Trukhanova Irina S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForestalling the decline of global biodiversity requires urgent and transformative action at all levels of government and society, particularly in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas where rapid changes are already underway. Amid growing scientific support and mounting pressure, the majority of nations have committed to the most ambitious conservation targets yet. However, without an approach that inclusively and equitably reconciles conservation and sustainable ocean use, these targets will likely go unmet. Here, we present ArcNet: a network design framework to help achieve ocean-scale, area-based marine conservation in the Arctic. The framework is centred around a suite of web-based tools and a ~ 5.9 million km2 network of 83 priority areas for conservation designed through expert-driven systematic conservation planning using conservation targets for over 800 features representing Arctic biodiversity. The ArcNet framework is intended to help adapt to new and emerging information, foster collaboration, and identify tailored conservation measures within a global context at different levels of planning and implementation.
Spin current and spin-orbit torque induced by ferromagnets
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Whan , Park Byong-Guk , Lee Kyung-Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpin torque is typically classified based on how the spin current is generated and injected into a magnet for manipulation. Spin-orbit torque arises from the spin-orbit interaction in a nearby normal metal, while spin-transfer torque results from exchange interactions in another ferromagnet. Recent studies have suggested that a ferromagnet itself can also generate a spin current through spin-orbit coupling, leading to the emergence of ferromagnet-induced spin-orbit torque as another class of spin torque. This novel torque mechanism not only inherits the advantages of spin-orbit torque architectures, such as separate reading and writing paths in memory applications but also offers the flexibility to control the generated spin direction by manipulating the orientation of the ferromagnet responsible for generating the spin current. In this article, we review the phenomena related to spin currents generated by ferromagnets, explore their physical descriptions in heterostructures, and discuss several spin torque architectures based on this effect. Ferromagnet-induced spin-orbit torque not only introduces new physical consequences by combining spin-orbit and exchange interactions but also offers a promising building block in spintronics with significant potential for diverse applications.
Design and analysis of ultra‐wideband decoupling structure based on polarization mismatch
Authors: Qiao Jianpu , Wu Weijun , Zeng Xianliang , Ji Hang , Tao Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, a polarization rotating surface is designed, analyzed, and applied to the decoupling of ultra‐wideband antennas. A method of using dual‐size combined rings is proposed to expand the operating bandwidth to 4.8 to 18.2 GHz, and the polarization conversion rate within the entire bandwidth is higher than 99%. Based on the principle of polarization mismatch, placing the polarization rotating surface between ultra‐wideband antennas for decoupling can reduce the coupling between antennas by an average of 20 dB within the operating bandwidth. Simulation and experimental results consistently prove its excellent decoupling capabilities and ultra‐wide operating bandwidth.
A bridged‐switch energy‐efficient switching scheme for SAR ADCs with 2× input range
Authors: Tang Bin , Hu Yunfeng , Huang QingMing , Chen Chaoyi , Hu Lexing , Li Bin , Wu Zhaohui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) have been widely applied in Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices. To reduce the power consumption of ADCs, a bridged‐switch energy‐efficient switching scheme for SAR ADCs with a 2× input range is proposed. Due to the use of top‐plate sampling, overall shift and bridged switch, the energy consumption of the first three comparisons and reset is zero, meanwhile the energy consumption of the fifth comparison is greatly reduced. The proposed switching scheme has an average energy consumption of 13.084CVref2, which reduces the switching energy by 99.04% compared to the conventional switching scheme. The proposed switching scheme can achieve a 2× input range with the same supply voltage, effectively reducing ADC power consumption and making it more suitable for IoT applications.
Color subspace exploring for natural image matting
Authors: Kong Yating , Li Jide , Hu Liangpeng , Li Xiaoqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeep neural networks have seen a surge of successful methods in natural image matting. However, the overlap of foreground and background color distributions in an image is still troubling in matting. It is observed that the three color channels contain different contrast information of an image: some color channels may provide clearer contrast information for separating the foreground from the image, while the foreground and background color distributions in other channels may heavily overlap, resulting in blurred foreground‐background boundaries. Motivated by this observation, the Color Subspace Exploring Network (CSEMat) is proposed to extract the foreground object from an image by exploring high‐contrast appearance information in individual color spaces. Specifically, a 4‐branch encoder is constructed, with one branch for the RGB image and three branches for subdividing the color space. Each color channel is individually processed by a sub‐encoder. Additionally, the trimap‐based color information aggregation module (CIA) is introduced to integrate the feature maps from the independent sub‐encoders, facilitating the transfer of optimized features to the decoder. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed CSEMat achieves favorable performance on publicly available matting datasets.
Ultra low RIN, low threshold AlGaInAs/InP BH-DFB laser
Authors: Ren Jianhua , Xing Yanhui , Han Jun , Sun Tianyu , Xing Zheng , Yin Can , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: April 2024

This study presents a comparative analysis of AlGalnAs buried heterostructure laser diodes by using dual-channel ridge-waveguides. Different shaped channels, including bowl shaped groove and vertical groove, are explored. Using a vertical groove structure, we achieved an output power of 90 mW at 25 °C with a threshold current of only 4 mA. This represents a 3.6-fold increase in output power compared to the BH-DFB structure. At a high temperature of 85 °C, the laser maintains a side-mode suppression ratio of over 45 dB at the maximum power point. The laser’s relative intensity noise in the 0–40 GHz frequency range is less than −162.8 dB/Hz when operated at 300 mA with the chip butterfly packaged. These findings underscore the robustness, reliability, and high-performance capabilities of the developed DFB laser, highlighting its potential for various practical applications.
Arzneipflanzen für die Tiergesundheit
Authors: Schlittenlacher Theresa , Mendel Marta , Walkenhorst Michael 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungWeltweit werden Arzneipflanzen zur Prophylaxe und Behandlung von Tierkrankheiten
eingesetzt und die Nachfrage nach natürlichen Produkten, die die Gesundheit und
das Wohlergehen von Tieren unterstützen, steigt. Insbesondere auch, um den
Einsatz von antimikrobiellen Mitteln, Antiparasitika oder hochaktiven
synthetische Monosubstanzen auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren. Dies steht im
Einklang mit den Zielen der nationalen und internationalen Aktionspläne zur
Bekämpfung der Antibiotikaresistenz und des One-Health-Paradigmas und betrifft
nicht nur Nutztiere, sondern auch Heim- und Haustiere. Pflanzliche Produkte
könnten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Erreichung dieser Ziele spielen. Dennoch
werden pflanzliche Tierarzneimittel in der aktuellen EU-Gesetzgebung nur
dahingehend erwähnt, dass aktuell zu wenig Informationen dazu vorliegen, um eine
vereinfachte Zulassung zu ermöglichen. Das internationale und interdisziplinäre
Netzwerk, die COST-Action MedPlants4Vet, welches aktuell aus rund 250 Personen
aus 39 Ländern besteht und stetig wächst, möchte verschiedene Informationslücken
zum Einsatz von Arzneipflanzen bei Tieren schließen.
Modular Synthesis of Conjugated Aromatic Boronate Esters by Radical Xanthate Addition
Authors: Pan Xiangcheng , Zard Samir Z. , He Congze 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConjugated aromatic boronate esters serve as crucial intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and polymer materials. Traditional methods for their synthesis typically involve organoboration of aromatic ring compounds, where pre-constructions of aromatic rings are required. Here, we present a general strategy for the synthesis of diverse conjugated aromatic boronate esters based on the radical addition of xanthates. Through this method, we synthesized various boronate ester xanthates that could be utilized as a platform to furnish conjugated aromatic building blocks, including thiophenes, pyrroles, tetralones, naphthols, and naphthylamines. This cost-effective strategy holds promise as a viable method for the industrial-scale production of (hetero)aromatic boronate esters.
Navigating the Surgical Pathway for Frail, Older Adults Undergoing Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Roo Ana C. De , Ivatury Srinivas J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdults ≥ 65 years of age comprise nearly 20% of the U.S. population and over half of surgical patients. Older adults, particularly when frail, may require additional preoperative evaluation and counseling, specialized hospital care, and may experience more noticeable physical and cognitive changes than younger or healthier patients. Surgeons can assess frailty and risk using several frailty measures, as data exist demonstrating worse perioperative outcomes among patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Prehabilitation programs have not been shown to improve surgical outcomes for colorectal surgery patients but may help maintain physical function or hasten recovery to baseline around the time of surgery, particularly for frail patients. Functional decline and delirium are common postoperatively in older adult patients, particularly those who are frail at baseline, and should be discussed with at-risk older adults. Primary care physicians and geriatricians can help with in-depth evaluation of frailty and geriatric syndromes. Special attention to the risks, outcomes, and care of older adults considering or undergoing colorectal surgery can help inform decision-making, which may facilitate goal-concordant care.
How to Penetrate the Wall of an Unintentionally Deployed Wallstent in the External Carotid Artery for Stenting of an Internal Carotid Artery Lesion
Authors: Hashemi Arash , Serati Alireza , Ahmadieh Arsis , Khalilipur Ehsan , Ghaffari Lida , Movahed Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarotid artery stenting is increasingly performed among patients with proper indications for carotid artery revascularization. It has a low complication rate with a short recovery time. In this case, we report a new complication due to unintended stent deployment in the external carotid artery covering the ostium of the internal carotid artery requiring penetration and stenting of the deployed Wallstent wall to advance the second stent in the proper position in the internal carotid artery.