bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiology and proteomics of drought stress acclimation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Fulda S. , Mikkat S. , Stegmann H. , Horn R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn easy and manageable in vitro screening system for drought tolerance of sunflower seedlings based on MS media supplemented with polyethylene glycol 6000 was evaluated. Morphological and physiological parameters were compared between control (−0.05 MPa) and drought‐stressed (−0.6 MPa) seedlings of Helianthus annuus L. cv. Peredovick. There was a significant growth deficit in drought‐stressed plants compared to control plants in terms of hypocotyl length, and shoot and root fresh mass. Shoot growth was more restricted than root growth, resulting in an increased root/shoot ratio of drought‐stressed plants. Accumulation of osmolytes such as inositol (65‐fold), glucose (58‐fold), proline (55‐fold), fructose (11‐fold) and sucrose (eightfold), in leaves of drought‐stressed plants could be demonstrated by gas–liquid chromatography. Soluble protein patterns of leaves were analysed with two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. A set of 46 protein spots allowed identification of 19 marker proteins. Quantitative changes in protein expression of drought‐stressed versus control plants were detected. In leaves of drought‐stressed sunflower seedlings six proteins were significantly up‐regulated more than twofold: a putative caffeoyl‐CoA 3‐O‐methyltransferase (4.5‐fold), a fructokinase 3 (3.3‐fold), a vegetative storage protein (2.5‐fold), a glycine‐rich RNA binding protein (2.2‐fold), a CuZn‐superoxide dismutase (2.1‐fold) and an unknown low molecular weight protein (2.3‐fold). These proteins represent general stress proteins induced under drought conditions or proteins contributing to basic carbon metabolism. The up‐regulated proteins are interesting candidates for further physiological and molecular investigations regarding drought tolerance in sunflower.
Are nitric oxide donors a valuable tool to study the functional role of nitric oxide in plant metabolism?
Authors: Arasimowicz‐Jelonek M. , Floryszak‐Wieczorek J. , Kosmala A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present work, we tested known nitric oxide (NO) modulators generating the NO+ (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and NO˙ forms (S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐D‐penicillamine, SNAP and nitrosoglutathione, GSNO). This allowed us to compare downstream NO‐related physiological effects on proteins found in leaves of pelargonium (Pelargonium peltatum L.). Protein modification via NO donors generally affects plant metabolism in a distinct manner, manifested by a lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in response to SNAP and GSNO. This is in contrast to the response observed for SNP treatment. Most changes in enzyme activity (GR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione‐S‐transferase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase) are most spectacular and repeatable during the first 8 h of incubation, which is explained by the half‐life of the applied donors. In particular, a close dependence was found between the time‐course of NO emission from the applied donors and the temporary inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). The observed changes were accompanied by time‐dependent alterations in protein accumulation as analysed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) in pelargonium leaves treated with NO donors (SNP, SNAP and GSNO). Using proteomics, different proteins were found to be down‐ and up‐regulated. However, no new protein spots characteristic of all three donors were found. These results indicate that the form of NO emitted from the donor structure plays a key role in switching on appropriate metabolic modifications. It has been noted that several NO‐affected metabolomic changes induced by the used donors were not comparable, which confirms the need to maintain caution when interpreting results obtained using the pharmacological approach with different NO modulator compounds.
TheFLOWERING LOCUS Torthologous gene ofPlatanus acerifoliais expressed as alternatively spliced forms with distinct spatial and temporal patterns
Authors: Zhang J. , Liu G. , Guo C. , He Y. , Li Z. , Ning G. , Shi X. , Bao M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein is a likely component of the ‘florigen’ signal that plays a crucial role in regulating the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Here, we report the isolation of full‐length cDNAs and the corresponding genomic clones encoding orthologous FT proteins (PaFT) of London plane (Platanus acerifoliaWilld). Two genes with high sequence identity were isolated (PaFT1–2), but 34 different transcript products were identified, comprising 21 splice forms produced by alternative splicing of thePaFTpre‐mRNAs. Expression of the alternative splicing forms ofPaFTvaried according to tissue type and developmental stage.PaFTtranscripts were detected throughout adult trees, whereas in juvenile trees they were only detected in dormant sub‐petiolar buds. In adult trees, levels of the various alternative splicingPaFTforms were related to flower development stage and tree dormancy. Ectopic expression of the archetypal splice form ofPaFT‐Ain tobacco andArabidopsisdeveloped multiple altered phenotypes, notably early flowering and attenuation of apical dominance. The evidence in this study indicates that complex alternative processing ofPaFTtranscripts inP. acerifoliamay be associated with multiple regulatory roles, including initiation of flowering, flower development, apical dominance, tree dormancy and dormancy release.
A first national prevalence estimate of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes in France in 18‐ to 74‐year‐old individuals: the French Nutrition and Health Survey 2006/2007
Authors: Bonaldi C. , Vernay M. , Roudier C. , Salanave B. , Oleko A. , Malon A. , Castetbon K. , Fagot‐Campagna A. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 583–589 (2011)AbstractAims  To estimate the nationwide prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and pre‐diabetes in adults residing in France.Methods  A probability sample of a non‐institutionalized civilian population residing throughout the whole of continental France was recruited from February 2006 to March 2007 for the French Nutrition and Health Survey. All individuals aged between 18 and 74 years who agreed to participate in the survey were included; thus there were 3115 participants, 2102 of whom were undergoing biochemical assessments. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was estimated using self‐reported diabetes history and the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated using fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or HbA1c≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol).Results  The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was 4.6%, 95% CI 3.6–5.7. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes according to standard fasting plasma glucose criteria was 1% (95% CI 0.6–1.7) and contributed to less than 20% of all cases of diabetes. This proportion decreased with age from 30% in 30‐ to 54‐year‐olds to 12% in 55‐ to 74‐year‐olds. Based on HbA1c criteria, the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 0.8% (95% CI 0.4–1.6).Conclusions  The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in adults in France is comparable with recent estimates from Northern Europe. The percentage of total diabetes that is undiagnosed is low in France, which may be explained by a widely practised strategy of opportunist screening. During the past years, improvements in diabetes care and increased awareness may have contributed towards decreasing the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes more widely in Europe, and studies should further monitor such improvements.
Exclusion of patients from quality measurement of diabetes care in the UK pay‐for‐performance programme
Authors: Dalton A. R. H. , Alshamsan R. , Majeed A. , Millett C. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 525–531 (2011)AbstractBackground  We examined associations between patient and practice characteristics and exclusions from quality indicators for diabetes during the first 3 years of the Quality and Outcomes Framework, a major pay‐for‐performance scheme in the UK.Methods  Three cross‐sectional analyses, conducted using data from the electronic medical records of all patients with diabetes registered in 23 general practices in Brent, North West London between 2004/2005 and 2006/2007. Patterns of exclusions were examined for three intermediate outcome indicators.Results  Excluded patients were less likely to achieve treatment targets for HbA1c (2004/2005, 2006/2007), blood pressure (2005/2006, 2006/2007) and cholesterol (2005/2006). Black and South Asian patients were more likely to be excluded from the HbA1c indicator than White patients [adjusted odds ratio = 1.64 (1.17–2.29) in 2005/2006]. Patients diagnosed with diabetes duration of > 10 years [adjusted odds ratio = 2.01 (1.65–2.45) for HbA1c in 2006–2007] and those with co‐morbidities (adjusted odds ratio, ≥ 3 co‐morbidities compared with no co‐morbidity for HbA1c adjusted odds ratio = 1.90 (1.24–2.90) in 2004/2005] were more likely to be excluded. Larger practices excluded more patients from the HbA1c indicator [adjusted odds ratio, practice ≥ 7000 compared with < 3000, 3.52 (2.35–5.27) in 2005–2006]. More deprived practices consistently excluded more patients from all indicators, whilst in 2007 older patients were excluded to a larger degree [adjusted odds ratio = 2.52 (1.21–5.28) ≥ 75 compared with 18–44 for blood pressure control].Conclusions  Patients excluded from pay‐for‐performance programmes may be less likely to achieve treatment goals and disproportionately come from disadvantaged groups. Permitting physicians to exclude patients from pay‐for‐performance programmes may worsen health disparities.
Impact of a chronic care model based on patient empowerment on the management of Type 2 diabetes: effects of the SINERGIA programme
Authors: Musacchio N. , Lovagnini Scher A. , Giancaterini A. , Pessina L. , Salis G. , Schivalocchi F. , Nicolucci A. , Pellegrini F. , Rossi M. C. E. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 724–730 (2011)AbstractAims  Several chronic care models for diabetes have been implemented in Italy, although conclusive data on their effectiveness are lacking. In the Cusano‐Milanino diabetes clinic, patients with Type 2 diabetes with a stable disease/therapy (i.e. a steady level of HbA1c without need for therapy changes) are included in the SINERGIA programme: diabetologists, nurses and dietitians empower patients and telemedicine resources are utilized efficiently.Methods  Clinical outcomes measured in the year before and after the initiation of SINERGIA were compared. A generalized hierarchical linear regression model for repeated measures was used.Results  Altogether, 1004 patients were included; baseline characteristics were (mean ± sd): age 66.6 ± 6.2 years, 54.1% male, diabetes duration 10.8 ± 7.7 years, BMI 29.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2, HbA1c 6.9 ± 0.9% (52 ± 14 mmol/mol); 72.9% of patients were treated with anti‐hypertensive drugs; 32.7% were treated with lipid‐lowering drugs. After a median follow‐up of 12 months (range 6–24 months), the proportion of patients with HbA1c≤ 7.0% (≤ 53 mmol/mol) increased from 32.7 to 45.8% (P < 0.0001), while those with HbA1c≥ 9% (≥ 75 mmol/mol) decreased from 10.5 to 4.3% (P < 0.0001). Patients with LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl (< 2.59 mmol/l) increased from 40 to 47% (P < 0.0001), while those with LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl (≥ 3.36 mmol/l) decreased from 26.6 to 19.7%; blood pressure levels were slightly improved. The mean number of face‐to‐face encounters decreased from (median and range) 2.8 (2.3–3.4) to 2.3 (1.9–2.7) (P < 0.0001) visits per patient/year.Conclusions  The SINERGIA model is effective in improving metabolic control and major cardiovascular risk factors, while allowing diabetologists to dedicate more time to patients with more acute disease.
Temporal trends in diabetes prevalence and key diabetes risk factors in Scotland, 2003–2008
Authors: Hamer M. , Kengne A. P. , Batty G. D. , Cooke D. , Stamatakis E 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 595–598 (2011)AbstractAims  We assessed temporal trends in diabetes prevalence and key diabetes risk factors (obesity, physical activity, smoking) over 5 years in a nationally representative sample.Methods  Participants were drawn from the Scottish Health Surveys, which recruited two separate, nationally representative samples in 2003 (n = 7229, aged 50.5 ± 17.2 years) and 2008 (n = 6313, aged 51.8 ± 17.6 years). Prevalent diabetes was assessed from a self‐reported physician’s diagnosis, and high diabetes risk or undiagnosed cases were defined from HbA1c≥ 6.0% (≥ 42 mmol/mol) to < 6.5% (< 47.5 mmol/mol) and ≥ 6.5% (≥ 47.5 mmol/mol), respectively.Results  Over 5 years there was an increased prevalence of diabetes (5.2 vs. 9.4% in 2003 and 2008, respectively) and in the prevalence of high diabetes risk (2.9 vs. 12.4%). These differences were accentuated in participants aged 65 years and above; for diabetes, there was a prevalence of 12 and 17.3% in 2003 and 2008, respectively, and, for high risk, the prevalence was 7.8 and 24.7%, respectively. There was also an increase in diabetes risk factors, including obesity and lack of physical activity, although these factors did not explain the diabetes trend.Conclusions  These results suggest nearly a doubling in the prevalence of diabetes over 5 years in Scotland.
An FTO variant is associated with Type 2 diabetes in South Asian populations after accounting for body mass index and waist circumference
Authors: Rees S. D. , Islam M. , Hydrie M. Z. I. , Chaudhary B. , Bellary S. , Hashmi S. , O’Hare J. P. , Kumar S. , Sanghera D. K. , Chaturvedi N. , Barnett A. H. , Shera A. S. , Weedon M. N. , Basit A. , Frayling T. M. , Kelly M. A. , Jafar T. H. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 673–680 (2011)AbstractAims  A common variant, rs9939609, in the FTO (fat mass and obesity) gene is associated with adiposity in Europeans, explaining its relationship with diabetes. However, data are inconsistent in South Asians. Our aim was to investigate the association of the FTO rs9939609 variant with obesity, obesity‐related traits and Type 2 diabetes in South Asian individuals, and to use meta‐analyses to attempt to clarify to what extent BMI influences the association of FTO variants with diabetes in South Asians.Methods  We analysed rs9939609 in two studies of Pakistani individuals: 1666 adults aged ≥ 40 years from the Karachi population‐based Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study and 2745 individuals of Punjabi ancestry who were part of a Type 2 diabetes case–control study (UK Asian Diabetes Study/Diabetes Genetics in Pakistan; UKADS/DGP). The main outcomes were BMI, waist circumference and diabetes. Regression analyses were performed to determine associations between FTO alleles and outcomes. Summary estimates were combined in a meta‐analysis of 8091 South Asian individuals (3919 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 4172 control subjects), including those from two previous studies.Results  In the 4411 Pakistani individuals from this study, the age‐, sex‐ and diabetes‐adjusted association of FTO variant rs9939609 with BMI was 0.45 (95% CI 0.24–0.67) kg/m2 per A‐allele (P = 3.0 × 10−5) and with waist circumference was 0.88 (95% CI 0.36–1.41) cm per A‐allele (P = 0.001). The A‐allele (30% frequency) was also significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes [per A‐allele odds ratio (95% CI) 1.18 (1.07–1.30); P = 0.0009]. A meta‐analysis of four South Asian studies with 8091 subjects showed that the FTO A‐allele predisposes to Type 2 diabetes [1.22 (95% CI 1.14–1.31); P = 1.07 × 10−8] even after adjusting for BMI [1.18 (95% CI 1.10–1.27); P = 1.02 × 10−5] or waist circumference [1.18 (95% CI 1.10–1.27); P = 3.97 × 10−5].Conclusions  The strong association between FTO genotype and BMI and waist circumference in South Asians is similar to that observed in Europeans. In contrast, the strong association of FTO genotype with diabetes is only partly accounted for by BMI.
Blood glucose control and quality of health care in non‐insulin‐treated patients with Type 2 diabetes in Spain: a retrospective and cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Rodríguez A. , Calle A. , Vázquez L. , Chacón F. , Polavieja P. , Reviriego J. ,   on behalf of the CADiNI Study Group
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 731–740 (2011)AbstractAims  To assess blood glucose control and quality of health care provided to non‐insulin‐treated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in routine clinical practice in Spain.Methods  In this observational, retrospective, cross‐sectional study, patients were grouped as either having good or suboptimal blood glucose control according to International Diabetes Federation or American Diabetes Association HbA1c goals. Clinical and socio‐demographic data and compliance with the main standard level of care recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation were recorded during a routine visit. Correlates of glucose control were analysed by logistic regression.Results  Many patients were grouped as having suboptimal control under International Diabetes Federation (61.9%) or American Diabetes Association (45.0%) criteria. The mean number of accomplished International Diabetes Federation recommendations (7.3 out of 11) was higher for endocrinologists (than for internists or primary care physicians), and significantly more patients under their care were in the good glucose control group (than with primary care physicians). More recommendations were associated with blood glucose control using International Diabetes Federation than American Diabetes Association criteria, demanding higher quality of health care for achieving stricter goals. Some recommendations were poorly observed, particularly those concerning patients’ education on diabetes, the prompt prescription of effective treatments and monitoring of complications. Diabetes complications were associated with being in the suboptimal control group. Patients’ education on diabetes and HbA1c monitoring were associated with being in the good control group.Conclusions  These results demonstrate the need for improvement in the management of patients with non‐insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes in actual clinical practice in Spain. Such improvement would entail a stricter adherence to International Diabetes Federation recommendations.
Development and evaluation of a standardized registry for diabetes in pregnancy using data from the Northern, North West and East Anglia regional audits1
Authors: Holman N. , Lewis‐Barned N. , Bell R. , Stephens H. , Modder J. , Gardosi J. , Dornhorst A. , Hillson R. , Young B. , Murphy H. R. ,   on behalf of the NHS Diabetes in Pregnancy Dataset Development Group
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 797–804 (2011)AbstractObjectives  To develop and evaluate a standardized data set for measuring pregnancy outcomes in women with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and to compare recent outcomes with those of the 2002–2003 Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health.Methods  Existing regional, national and international data sets were compared for content, consistency and validity to develop a standardized data set for diabetes in pregnancy of 46 key clinical items. The data set was tested retrospectively using data from 2007–2008 pregnancies included in three regional audits (Northern, North West and East Anglia). Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies resulting in a stillbirth or live birth were compared with those from the same regions during 2002–2003.Results  Details of 1381 pregnancies, 812 (58.9%) in women with Type 1 diabetes and 556 (40.3%) in women with Type 2 diabetes, were available to test the proposed standardized data set. Of the 46 data items proposed, only 16 (34.8%), predominantly the delivery and neonatal items, achieved ≥ 85% completeness. Ethnic group data were available for 746 (54.0%) pregnancies and BMI for 627 (46.5%) pregnancies. Glycaemic control data were most complete—available for 1217 pregnancies (88.1%), during the first trimester. Only 239 women (19.9%) had adequate pregnancy preparation, defined as pre‐conception folic acid and first trimester HbA1c≤ 7% (≤ 53 mmol/mol). Serious adverse outcome rates (major malformation and perinatal mortality) were 55/1000 and had not improved since 2002–2003.Conclusions  A standardized data set for diabetes in pregnancy may improve consistency of data collection and allow for more meaningful evaluation of pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes.
Potential of education‐based insulin therapy for achievement of good metabolic control: a real‐life experience
Authors: Albrecht D. , Puder J. , Keller U. , Zulewski H. 
Published: February 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 539–542 (2011)AbstractAims  Achievement of good metabolic control in Type 1 diabetes is a difficult task in routine diabetes care. Education‐based flexible intensified insulin therapy has the potential to meet the therapeutic targets while limiting the risk for severe hypoglycaemia. We evaluated the metabolic control and the rate of severe hypoglycaemia in real‐life clinical practice in a centre using flexible intensified insulin therapy as standard of care since 1990.Methods  Patients followed for Type 1 diabetes (n = 206) or those with other causes of absolute insulin deficiency (n = 17) in our outpatient clinic were analysed in a cross‐sectional study. Mean age (± standard deviation) was 48.9 ± 15.7 years, with diabetes duration of 21.4 ± 14.4 years. Outcome measures were HbA1c and frequency of severe hypoglycaemia.Results  Median HbA1c was 7.1% (54 mmol/mol) [interquartile range 6.6–7.8 (51–62 mmol/mol)]; a good or acceptable metabolic control with HbA1c < 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) or 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) was reached in 43.5 and 64.6% of the patients, respectively. The frequency of severe hypoglycaemic episodes was 15 per 100 patient years: 72.3% of the patients did not experience any such episodes during the past 5 years.Conclusions  Good or acceptable metabolic control is achievable in the majority of patients with Type 1 diabetes or other causes of absolute insulin deficiency in routine diabetes care while limiting the risk for severe hypoglycaemia.
Integrating the Dynamics of Personality and Close Relationship Processes: Methodological and Data Analytic Implications
Authors: Graber Elana C. , Laurenceau Jean‐Philippe , Carver Charles S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA common theme that has emerged from classic and contemporary theoretical work in both the fields of personality and relationship science is a focus on process. Current process‐focused theories bearing on personality invoke a view of the individual in ongoing action and interaction with the environment, reflecting a flow of experience rather than a static depiction. To understand the processes by which personality interacts with the social environment (particularly dyads), investigations must capture individuals interacting in multiple interpersonal situations, which likely necessitates complex study designs and corresponding data analytic strategies. Using an illustrative simulated data set, we focus on diary methods and corresponding individual and dyadic multilevel models to capture person‐situation interaction within the context of processes in daily close relationship life. Finally, we consider future directions that conceptualize personality and close relationship processes from a dynamical systems theoretical and methodological perspective.