bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative ultrasound biomicroscopy study of biometry of the lens and anterior chamber
Authors: Salcan Ilhami , Aykan Umit , Yildirim Ozlem , Kanik Arzu 
Published: June 2011

Purpose To quantify the changes induced by cataract extraction (CE) in angle recess area (ARA), angle opening distance at 250 and 500 µm (AOD250, AOD500), and aqueous depth (AQD) in comparison with axial lens thickness (LT) and to reveal effects of LT and lens position (LP) on angle parameters and AQD using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients (22 male; mean age 69.5±7.8 years) with senile or presenile cataract who consecutively underwent cataract surgery were enrolled in this institutional study. We performed UBM examinations before and 1 month after surgery under a standard protocol. Axial images of the anterior segment and radial sections of the angle at 4 quadrants were obtained. Aqueous depth and LT were measured in immersion A-scan mode and we used UBM Pro 2000® software for the ARA, AOD250, and AOD500. Results Aqueous depth and angle parameters at 4 quadrants were increased significantly after CE (p<0.05). The mean LT was 4.53±0.37 mm and LP was 4.96±0.25 mm preoperatively. There were statistically significant correlations between LT, LP, and AQD and angle parameters preoperatively. We also determined statistically significant correlations between LT, LP, and postoperative changes in AQD and angle parameters In comparison with LT, the mean increases in AQD, ARA, AOD250, and AOD500 were 0.21, 0.014, 0.012, and 0.017 times, respectively. Conclusions The results suggest that LT is as a significant factor as LPon the final dimensions of the anterior chamber and angle.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland: CT and MRI findings
Authors: Qin Wei , Chong Robert , Huang Xuequan , Liu Mingming , Yin Zheng Qin 
Published: June 2011

Purpose To highlight the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods We reviewed the clinical records and imaging findings of 17 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland between August 1998 and November 2010. Orbital CT scans were performed in 17 patients and MRI scans were obtained in 13 patients. Results On the CT scans, out of 4 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 3 showed characteristic features of a soft tissue mass with poorly enhancing areas representing cystic changes, and 4 of 17 cases had contiguous bony erosion. On the MRI scans, all cases had mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and 6 cases showed poorly enhancing areas. Conclusions Enhanced CT and MRI (including T2-weighted) are helpful in the diagnosis of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.
The Law of General Average: Possible Consequences of a Resurgence of Acts of Piracy
Authors: Kendall, Walter R. , Boykin, Nancy , Heller, Nathan A. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
With the recent increase in acts of piracy at sea, general average acts have been brought back into focus when coupled with the resurgent risk of ocean shipping. These changing conditions have the potential to result in a lessening of general risk coverage, increased costs, or both. In some cases, piracy risks might even be deemed unacceptably high, resulting in a change in shipping routes and policies, which could negatively impact shipping costs and even service availability. As global commerce continues to increase, so do ocean carriage and the possibility of increased risk of loss or increased shipping costs due to increases in insurance premiums. Changes in the need for different types of coverage, or changes in shipping routes are very real.
Safety and Sterilization of Mosquito Net Mesh for Humanitarian Inguinal Hernioplasty
Authors: Stephenson Brian M. , Kingsnorth Andrew N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundInguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed operations in Africa. Prosthetic repair with commercially available mesh is generally considered too expensive in low‐income countries. Elective groin hernia surgery with mosquito net mesh has recently been described. However, can mesh sterility in resource‐poor countries be guaranteed to ensure both effectiveness and safety?MethodsCopolymer and polyester mosquito net mesh were steam‐sterilized at varying temperatures. PubMed and EMBASE were searched using key words, MeSH, and subject headings (mosquito net mesh, mesh sterilization, inguinal hernia repair).ResultsCopolymer mosquito net mesh manufactured in India can be safely sterilized at lower (less “strict”) temperatures (121°C) than those usually demanded by advanced health care systems (134°C). The literature search revealed a number of case series but all with limited follow‐up. Available data, however, support the use of this type mosquito net mesh in the elective repair of hernias.ConclusionsHernia repair with mosquito net mesh is a plausible, safe, cost‐effective alternative in low‐income countries. Sterilization in steam autoclaves that have accurate temperature control is required.
Impact of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on fall risks in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Thibaud Marie , Bloch Frédéric , Tournoux-Facon Caroline , Brèque Cyril , Rigaud Anne Sophie , Dugué Benoît , Kemoun Gilles 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The objective of this work was to summarise and evaluate the evidence showing that physical activity is a protector factor as regards falls in older people. Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search in the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, under the keywords of accidental fall/numerical data and risk factors, and with the bibliographies of retrieved papers. The combined odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] for physical activity was 0.75 [0.64, 0.88] with moderate heterogeneity (I
2 = 33%). For fall injury, it was 0.59 [0.47, 0.74] and, for falls in general, it rose to 0.94 [0.76, 1.17] with nil heterogeneity. The combined OR for sedentary factors was 1.14 [1.10, 1.82] with moderate heterogeneity (I
2 = 36%). Regular physical activity in daily life yields significant reduction in falls in older people, especially falls with injuries.
Causal commutative arrows
Authors: LIU HAI , CHENG ERIC , HUDAK PAUL 
Published: June 2011

AbstractArrows are a popular form of abstract computation. Being more general than monads, they are more broadly applicable, and, in particular, are a good abstraction for signal processing and dataflow computations. Most notably, arrows form the basis for a domain-specific language calledYampa, which has been used in a variety of concrete applications, including animation, robotics, sound synthesis, control systems, and graphical user interfaces. Our primary interest is in better understanding the class of abstract computations captured by Yampa. Unfortunately, arrows are not concrete enough to do this with precision. To remedy this situation, we introduce the concept ofcommutative arrowsthat capture a noninterference property of concurrent computations. We also add aninitoperator that captures the causal nature of arrow effects, and identify its associated law. To study this class of computations in more detail, we define an extension to arrows calledcausal commutative arrows(CCA), and study its properties. Our key contribution is the identification of a normal form for CCA calledcausal commutative normal form(CCNF). By defining a normalization procedure, we have developed an optimization strategy that yields dramatic improvements in performance over conventional implementations of arrows. We have implemented this technique in Haskell, and conducted benchmarks that validate the effectiveness of our approach. When compiled with the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC), the overall methodology can result in significant speedups.
The role of astronomy in society and culture
Authors: Valls-Gabaud David , Boksenberg Alexander 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAs an ancient and multidisciplinary field, astronomy is an ambassador for all sciences. Astronomy's broad appeal, whether from its cultural interest of our place in the universe, or its practical aims such as sea- or space navigation, is well recorded in history from ancient to modern times, and sky-awareness, more generally, began prehistorically. Astronomy's perceived role and purpose has continually developed over the ages. In all, astronomy is not to be viewed as a narrow subject operating in isolation but one that has contributed comprehensively to the advancement of society.
Bosscha Observatory: Challenges as a scientific heritage of astronomy in Indonesia
Authors: Epifania Priscilla , Mumpuni Emanuel Sungging 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWith over 80 years of existence, Bosscha Observatory in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia, still stands as one of the largest observatories that is registered by International Astronomical Union in the South East Asia region. Since first commissioned by the NISV (Netherlands Indische Sterrenkundige Vereeniging), Bosscha Observatory had played a major role in astronomy, particularly in research and observational activities in the southern hemisphere. But the current development has produced a serious impact on Bosscha Observatory, both tangible and intangible. With the challenges Bosscha Observatory faced the past decades, what can be done in the future to conserve not only the tangible value but most importantly the intangible value it embraces for the scientific development? This paper emphasizes its values, and opens some perspectives and ideas for conserving a (candidate to) Astronomy and World Heritage site. This important issue of how to best preserve the scientific value of this scientific heritage it embodied is discussed in some detail.
Astronomie, «arts» et artistes
Authors: Débarbat Suzanne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEn 1665, Adrien Auzout (1622-1691) figure parmi les membres des cercles scientifiques qui fleurissent en France depuis une trentaine d'années. Une comète est apparue l'année précédente et il adresse à Louis XIV son «Ephéméride du Comète» [sic] correspondant à cette voyageuse. Cette épître permet de voir combien art et science sont pour lui étroitement associés. L'observatoire Royal créé deux ans plus tard illustrera cette interaction comme le montre l'examen de ses collections.
The sky entities as represented in African literature
Authors: Urama Evelyn N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAstronomical observations used by the ancient people of Africa were developed out of the people's desire to have concrete manifestations of their gods and religious beliefs as well as for time-keeping – day, night and calendar for agricultural and festive seasons. The sky entities (the solar and stellar systems) observed become part of the lives and events here on Earth and so are also part of the context of African literature. This paper examines the ways in which different African peoples have reflected on the role of the sky entities in their literature.
The magnificent night sky — why it must be protected from light pollution
Authors: Wainscoat Richard J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe view of the night sky from most of the populated regions of Earth is now seriously compromised by light pollution. An entire generation of citizens is now growing up without ever having the opportunity to gaze upon the magnificent night sky from a dark location. Much of modern astronomy involves study of faint objects, often with brightnesses similar to or fainter than the night sky. Astronomers are therefore extremely vulnerable to increases in sky brightness from light pollution. Despite their remote locations, the dark night skies over the major optical observatories are increasingly threatened by growth of artificial light at night.
Using Videoconferencing for Elementary/Secondary Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Hemenway Mary Kay , Wetzel Marc , Rood Magdalena , Roberts-Gray Cynthia , Preston Sandra 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWorking within a large geographic area, McDonald Observatory lacks the resources to send staff to present professional development workshops to teachers – and only limited numbers of teachers have the resources to attend workshops at our observatory. Our solution is the development of a new program to bring the workshop to teachers in their own communities through videoconferencing. Each workshop location has a co-facilitator who prepared for his/her duties through an orientation/training session held at McDonald Observatory. At the observatory, they experienced a variety of activities and selected the ones most suitable for the grade-levels of the teachers in their region; they recruit the teachers for the local workshop. Each videoconference session includes pre/post assessment of the participants, an interactive videoconference with an expert presenter, and assistance from the co-facilitator who manages the materials and assists with the activities. Through use of this technology, we expect to reach 500 teachers. An independent evaluator is preparing formative and summative evaluation for the project.
Some remarks on a current study involving preservice elementary teachers and some basic astronomical phenomena
Authors: Gangui Alejandro , Iglesias María , Quinteros Cynthia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecent studies have shown that not only primary school students but also their future teachers reach science courses with pre-constructed and consistent models of the world surrounding them. These ideas include many misconceptions which turn out to be robust and hence make difficult an appropriate teaching-learning process. We have designed some tools (and show here results with a questionnaire) that proved helpful in putting in evidence some of the most frequently used alternative models on a few basic astronomical notions. We have tested this questionnaire with preservice elementary teachers from various normal schools in Buenos Aires and made a first analysis of the results. The collection of data recovered so far shows that some non-scientific conceptions are indeed part of the prospective teachers' (scientific) background and, therefore, that the issue deserves special attention during their formal training.
Black Holes, Quasars, Blazars, and all that. . . How to explain them to a lay audience?
Authors: Hamidani Hamid , Mimouni Jamal 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe popularisation of science is central to the culture of the citizen, and if astronomy make poets dream (and many others), astrophysics attracts young and old talents to science. To reveal in simple terms the stellar bestiary from the black holes to the quasars proceeds along this line. Black hole is still the object which is subject to most questions in any public talk on astronomy. How indeed does contemporary physics link the black hole, this stellar gravitational tomb, with the quasar, a galaxy gone mad? The tale is worth telling and makes indeed a beautiful story for contemporary young audience. Can it be told to our high school students with their modest scientific background? This is what we intend to do in this paper, spicing the sauce at the end with some new insights on the unified model of AGN.
Gathering the forgotten voices: an oral history of the CFHT's early years
Authors: Laychak Mary Beth , Bryson Liz 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThey came to the Big Island from as far away as Murrumbeena, Australia, and as near by as Hilo, Hawaii. They were progeny of Scottish coal miners, French physicists, Chicago truck drivers, Japanese samurai and Big Island cane workers. Together, these men and women would build and commission one of the most dynamic and productive 3.6 meter telescopes in the world that remains in the forefront of science and technology. The CFHT oral history DVD preserves the stories of the first decade and a half of the observatory.
The Cosmology Gallery: Unity through diversity in a vast and awe-inspiring universe.
Authors: Goldsmith John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractScientists, artists, religious and cultural leaders have come together to create the Cosmology Gallery at the Gravity Discovery Centre (GDC) located 70 km north of Perth, Western Australia. The Cosmology Gallery exhibitions include the multicultural cosmology artworks, Celestial Visions astronomical photography exhibition and the Timeline of the Universe. The multicultural cosmology artworks are new artworks inspired by Australian Indigenous, Christian, Buddhist, Islamic, Hindu, scientific and technological perspectives of the universe. The Celestial Visions exhibition features astronomical events above famous landmarks, including Stonehenge and the Pyramids. The AUD 400,000+ project was funded by Lotterywest, Western Australia and the Cosmology Gallery was officially opened in July 2008 by the Premier of Western Australia.
The sky as a laboratory: an educational project of the Department of Astronomy of the University of Padova
Authors: Ciroi S. , Di Mille F. , Rafanelli P. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract“The Sky as a Laboratory” is an educational project of the Department of Astronomy of the University of Padova aimed to give students a physical approach to astronomy and astrophysics. It is a regional program designed to improve science education in the last two grades of high school, by creating cooperation between scientists and teachers. Currently it is present in 30 high schools around all provinces of the region of Veneto in the North-East of Italy. The close involvement in the didactical activities of high schools teachers is without any doubt the winning strategy of the project. Their enthusiastic participation to teaching and organising activities attracts each year the attention for sciences of an increasing number of students and suggests new ideas for future educational activities.
Big questions about the universe
Authors: Stavinschi Magda 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAstronomy is not only a branch of science but also an important part of the culture and civilisations of peoples. Starting with archeoastronomy to the present day, it has always contributed to a better understanding of life, of humanity. After 400 years of modern astronomy, it still addresses major problems such as: Why there is something rather than nothing? Why is nature comprehensible to humans? How is cosmos related to humanity? Do multiverses exist? Is there life on other planets? Are we alone in the universe? Does the universe have a beginning? If so, what does it mean? How did the universe originate? All these questions are a challenge for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary investigations, for philosophers, physicists, cosmologists, mathematicians, theologians. The new insights gained by pursuing in depth these common investigations will shape the society we live in and have important consequences on the future we are creating.
Double stars: a synergy between amateur and professional astronomers
Authors: Agati Jean-Louis , Bonneau Daniel , Caille Sébastien , Couteau Paul , Debackère André , Dommanget Jean , Durand Pierre , Gili René , Losse Florent , Manté René , Mauroy Florence , Morlet Guy , Salaman Maurice , Soulié Edgar , Thorel Jean-Claude , Thorel Yvonne , Verhas Pierre 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn the field of visual double stars, a long term follow-up is required, since their orbital periods may reach several centuries. Created in 1981 within the Société Astronomique de France (SAF) with the support of the late Paul Muller (1910-2000), the Commission des Etoiles Doubles provides the framework for the necessary collaboration between professional and amateur astronomers, through generations. The late Dr. Paul Baize (1901-1995) was a model for its members. Several professional astronomers became scientific advisors of the Commission and have guided many works made by amateurs.
Education and public outreach initiatives from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Authors: Daou Doris 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFrom the dawn of consciousness, humans have looked up and wondered about what the universe holds. It is that sense of wonder and thirst for knowledge that astronomy has helped fuel. In this paper we look at how education and public outreach has been a major element in preparing the next generation of astronomers and in sharing with the public the excitement of discoveries we make when we explore the Universe. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has a clear set of goals and objectives related to education and public outreach. These goals follow directly from NASA's mission “to inspire the next generation of explorers”. Making progress towards achieving these goals has become an important part of the broad justification for public support of space science. Here we will describe a number of education and public outreach initiatives that are examples of the plethora of NASA funded programs and resources.
CAMPAIGN: an open-source library of GPU-accelerated data clustering algorithms
Authors: Kohlhoff Kai J. , Sosnick Marc H. , Hsu William T. , Pande Vijay S. , Altman Russ B. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Data clustering techniques are an essential component of a good data analysis toolbox. Many current bioinformatics applications are inherently compute-intense and work with very large datasets. Sequential algorithms are inadequate for providing the necessary performance. For this reason, we have created Clustering Algorithms for Massively Parallel Architectures, Including GPU Nodes (CAMPAIGN), a central resource for data clustering algorithms and tools that are implemented specifically for execution on massively parallel processing architectures.
Results: CAMPAIGN is a library of data clustering algorithms and tools, written in ‘C for CUDA’ for Nvidia GPUs. The library provides up to two orders of magnitude speed-up over respective CPU-based clustering algorithms and is intended as an open-source resource.
New modules from the community will be accepted into the library and the layout of it is such that it can easily be extended to promising future platforms such as OpenCL.
Availability: Releases of the CAMPAIGN library are freely available for download under the LGPL from https://simtk.org/home/campaign. Source code can also be obtained through anonymous subversion access as described on https://simtk.org/scm/?group_id=453.
Contact: kjk33@cantab.net
Topology‐based Visualization of Transformation Pathways in Complex Chemical Systems
Authors: Beketayev K. , Weber G.H. , Haranczyk M. , Bremer P.‐T. , Hlawitschka M. , Hamann B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStudying transformation in a chemical system by considering its energy as a function of coordinates of the system's components provides insight and changes our understanding of this process. Currently, a lack of effective visualization techniques for high‐dimensional energy functions limits chemists to plot energy with respect to one or two coordinates at a time. In some complex systems, developing a comprehensive understanding requires new visualization techniques that show relationships between all coordinates at the same time. We propose a new visualization technique that combines concepts from topological analysis, multi‐dimensional scaling, and graph layout to enable the analysis of energy functions for a wide range of molecular structures. We demonstrate our technique by studying the energy function of a dimer of formic and acetic acids and a LTA zeolite structure, in which we consider diffusion of methane.