bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of acute amphetamine and phencyclidine treatment and withdrawal from repeated amphetamine or phencyclidine treatment on social interaction and social memory in rats
Authors: Li Ming , He Wei , Munro Rebecca 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough animal models based on amphetamine (AMPH) or phencyclidine (PCP) treatment have been used extensively to study the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of schizophrenia, there are conflicting reports regarding their validity in modeling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The present study examined how acute AMPH or PCP treatment (Experiment 1) and withdrawal from repeated AMPH treatment (Experiment 2) or PCP treatment (Experiment 3) affects social behavior and social recognition memory in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Each subject was tested on two consecutive days. On the first day, the rats were tested four times (5 min/each) at 10‐min intervals with the same partner rat (termed “AAAA” day). One day later, the rats were tested with the previous partner in the first three sessions and with a new partner rat in the final session (termed “AAAB” day). The results show that acute AMPH treatment (1.5 mg/kg, sc) significantly reduced the time spent on social interaction, but did not affect social recognition on the first day. Acute AMPH only disrupted social recognition on the second day of drug testing. In contrast, acute PCP treatment (2.0 mg/kg, sc) had no effect on time spent on social interaction, but did significantly disrupt social recognition on both days. Withdrawal from repeated AMPH (3.0 mg/kg/day for 7 days, ip) or PCP (5.0 mg/kg/twice daily for 7 days, ip) treatment did not affect social interaction or social recognition, indicating a lack of long‐term detrimental effect of repeated AMPH or PCP treatment. These results suggest that acute AMPH treatment at a low dose (1.5 mg/kg) may be useful in modeling social withdrawal symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas acute PCP treatment at a similar dose range (2.0 mg/kg) may be useful in modeling the social cognitive deficit of schizophrenia.
Intra‐nucleus‐accumbens SKF38393 improved the impaired acquisition of morphine‐conditioned place preference in depression‐like rats
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhu Ning , Feng Min , Meng Xiaolu , Sui Nan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the globus pallidus (GP) is important for the interaction between depression and addiction, with D1‐ and D2‐like receptors playing different roles. Here, we address the effect of depression on morphine reward and its underlying D1‐ and D2‐like effects in the NAc and/or the GP. Novelty‐seeking behaviors and the forced open‐space swimming test were used to assess a depression‐like state in rats that had undergone chronic mild restraint. Depression‐like rats were then trained with morphine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP, 3 mg/kg, 4 days), and showed impaired acquisition of the CPP compared with controls. To examine the receptor‐specific dopaminergic mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we microinjected the D1‐like agonist SKF38393 (1 μg/side) or the D2‐like agonist quinpirole (1 μg/side) into the NAc or the GP. The impairment in acquisition of CPP was reversed only by injecting the D1‐ but not the D2‐like agonist in the NAc. These results suggest that enhancement of dopaminergic transmission in the NAc (via D1‐like receptors) may be effective in recovering impaired reward learning during a depression‐like state.
The value of daily fetal heart rate home monitoring in addition to serial ultrasound examinations in pregnancies complicated by fetal gastroschisis
Authors: Kuleva M. , Salomon L. J. , Benoist G. , Ville Y. , Dumez Y. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo audit the practice of daily fetal heart rate home monitoring (FHM) in pregnancies complicated by fetal gastroschisis (GS).MethodsPrenatal records and pregnancy outcome were reviewed of all cases with fetal GS between 1999 and 2010, managed with a consistent protocol, which included weekly fetal cardiotocography and ultrasound examinations after 30 weeks, and option of daily FHM. Data were collected including gestational age (GA) at FHM and the presence of fetal heart rate anomaly. Follow‐up included fetal growth, amniotic fluid volume, gastrointestinal appearance and cardiotocography findings.ResultsOne hundred five cases of GS were identified. Stillbirth rate was 1.9% (2/105). FHM was performed in 97/105 (92.4%) cases. Abnormal FHM was recorded in 24 cases. Fetuses with abnormal versus normal FHM were more likely to have C‐section for fetal heart rate anomaly (50% vs 24%, p = 0.025) at an earlier gestational age (34.9 ± 1.7 vs 35.8 ± 1.4 weeks, p = 0.016). There was no difference in Apgar score or umbilical artery pH at birth.ConclusionFetal heart rate abnormalities are frequent in fetuses with GS. FHM appears useful in detecting fetal distress necessitating expedited delivery. However, the impact of a daily FHM policy on neonatal outcome should be evaluated in a randomized study. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reference ranges for time‐related analysis of ductus venosus flow velocity waveforms in singleton pregnancies
Authors: Nakagawa Kayoko , Tachibana Daisuke , Nobeyama Hiroyuki , Fukui Mitsuru , Sumi Toshiyuki , Koyama Masayasu , Ishiko Osamu , Hecher Kurt 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate time intervals of ductus venosus (DV) flow velocity waveforms (FVW) in correlation to fetal heart rate and gestational age and to construct reference ranges for the second and third trimester. Furthermore, we investigate time intervals of FVW through the tricuspid valve.MethodsFlow velocity waveforms of the DV and through the tricuspid valve were recorded in 135 normal singleton fetuses between 17 and 38 weeks' gestation. Time intervals for systolic (S) and early diastolic (D) peaks were analyzed regarding acceleration time (acc‐S for S, acc‐D for D) and deceleration time (dec‐S for S, dec‐D for D), respectively. Similarly, time intervals for both peaks of right ventricular inflow were analyzed regarding acceleration time (acc‐E for E‐wave, acc‐A for A‐wave) and deceleration time (dec‐E for E‐wave, dec‐A for A‐wave), respectively.ResultsIn the DV, acc‐D and dec‐D increased significantly with gestational age. In tricuspid valve, acc‐E and acc‐A showed a significant increase with gestational age. All parameters except acc‐S showed significant negative correlations with fetal heart rate.ConclusionWith advancing gestational age, prolongation of the diastolic phase of DV‐FVW and of the E‐wave of tricuspid flow was observed, suggesting maturation of ventricular diastolic function. Time‐related analysis of Doppler signals of DV‐FVW may provide detailed insights into fetal cardiac function. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the cohort design and the nested case–control design in the presence of both time‐invariant and time‐dependent treatment and competing risks: bias and precision
Authors: Austin Peter C. , Anderson Geoffrey M. , Cigsar Candemir , Gruneir Andrea 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeObservational studies using electronic administrative healthcare databases are often used to estimate the effects of treatments and exposures. Traditionally, a cohort design has been used to estimate these effects, but increasingly, studies are using a nested case–control (NCC) design. The relative statistical efficiency of these two designs has not been examined in detail.MethodsWe used Monte Carlo simulations to compare these two designs in terms of the bias and precision of effect estimates. We examined three different settings: (A) treatment occurred at baseline, and there was a single outcome of interest; (B) treatment was time varying, and there was a single outcome; and C treatment occurred at baseline, and there was a secondary event that competed with the primary event of interest. Comparisons were made of percentage bias, length of 95% confidence interval, and mean squared error (MSE) as a combined measure of bias and precision.ResultsIn Setting A, bias was similar between designs, but the cohort design was more precise and had a lower MSE in all scenarios. In Settings B and C, the cohort design was more precise and had a lower MSE in all scenarios. In both Settings B and C, the NCC design tended to result in estimates with greater bias compared with the cohort design.ConclusionsWe conclude that in a range of settings and scenarios, the cohort design is superior in terms of precision and MSE. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight polyaniline for organic electronic applications
Authors: Ramamurthy Praveen C. , Mallya Ashwini N. , Joseph Alex , Harrell William R. , Gregory Richard V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHigh molecular weight polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized by a combined procedure incorporating various synthesis methods. Temperature and open circuit potential of the reaction mixture were collected to monitor the reaction progress. The polymer is characterized by various techniques including gel permeation chromatography, dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning calorimetry for elucidating the molecular architecture obtained by this method. As‐synthesized PANI was found to possess high molecular weight, reduced branching, reduced cross‐linking, and to predominantly consist of linear polymer chains. This polymer was also found to be more stable in solution form. J–V characteristics of as‐synthesized PANI films indicate a high current density which is due to increased free pathways and less traps for the charge transport to occur in PANI films. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
3D model for powder compact densification in rotational molding
Authors: Asgarpour Monir , Bakir Farid , Khelladi Sofiane , Khavandi Alireza , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDuring rotational molding, a loosely packed, low‐density powder compact transforms into a fully densified polymer part. This transformation is a consequence of particles sintering. Powder compact density evolution of the polymer powder is measured experimentally. Obtained results show that the powder densification process consists of two stages, and its mechanism during these two stages is not the same. During the first stage, densification occurs by grains coalescence, and air between the grains escape by open pores between particles. These open pores close in time by particles coalescence progress, and remaining air entrapped in polymer melt becomes air bubbles. Surface tension, viscosity, grains size, and temperature are the controlling parameters during first stage. A three‐dimensional model is proposed for the densification of polymer powder during first stage. Second stage starts after bubble forming. Diffusion is the controlling phenomena during this stage. A diffusion‐based model is used for the second stage of densification. By comparing with the other models, proposed model exhibits several advantages: it is proposed in three‐dimensional and takes into account the nature of layer‐by‐layer powder densification. Model verification by experimental data obtained for densification of two different polymers shows a close agreement between model prediction and experiments. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:2033–2040, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Personality pathology and mental health treatment seeking in a community sample of older adults
Authors: Lawton Erin M. , Oltmanns Thomas F. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTSampling issues are extremely important in studies of psychopathology, especially with regard to the investigation of personality disorders (PDs). Many studies rely on clinical samples whereas others have focused on representative samples of community residents. Do people who qualify for a PD diagnosis seek and receive mental health services with greater (or possibly reduced) frequency compared with others in the community? Do community‐based studies of PDs include people who have been treated? Analyses presented here examine connections between personality pathology and various aspects of treatment seeking in a representative sample of 1 630 middle‐aged adults who completed a semi‐structured diagnostic interview (Structured Interview for DSM‐IV Personality). Results demonstrate a disorder‐specific effect. Antisocial, borderline, avoidant and dependent PDs are associated with increased levels of seeking treatment. Four PDs are associated with greater length of treatment. After accounting for lifetime presence of major depression and alcohol dependence, borderline, avoidant and dependent pathology remained associated with increased treatment seeking. These findings point to several conclusions, including (1) community samples do include a substantial proportion of people who have received various kinds of mental health services; (2) the association between personality pathology and mental health treatment seeking is not fully explained by comorbid depression and alcohol dependence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and functional characterization of the interaction of the photosensitizing probe methylene blue with Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Paz Aviv , Roth Esther , Ashani Yacov , Xu Yechun , Shnyrov Valery L. , Sussman Joel L. , Silman Israel , Weiner Lev 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB), generates singlet oxygen that irreversibly inhibits Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (TcAChE). In the dark, it inhibits reversibly. Binding is accompanied by a bathochromic absorption shift, used to demonstrate displacement by other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors interacting with the catalytic “anionic” subsite (CAS), the peripheral “anionic” subsite (PAS), or bridging them. MB is a noncompetitive inhibitor of TcAChE, competing with reversible inhibitors directed at both “anionic” subsites, but a single site is involved in inhibition. MB also quenches TcAChE's intrinsic fluorescence. It binds to TcAChE covalently inhibited by a small organophosphate (OP), but not an OP containing a bulky pyrene. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an ∼8° increase in the denaturation temperature of the MB/TcAChE complex relative to native TcAChE, and a less than twofold increase in cooperativity of the transition. The crystal structure reveals a single MB stacked against Trp279 in the PAS, oriented down the gorge toward the CAS; it is plausible that irreversible inhibition is associated with photooxidation of this residue and others within the active‐site gorge. The kinetic and spectroscopic data showing that inhibitors binding at the CAS can impede binding of MB are reconciled by docking studies showing that the conformation adopted by Phe330, midway down the gorge, in the MB/TcAChE crystal structure, precludes simultaneous binding of a second MB at the CAS. Conversely, binding of ligands at the CAS dislodges MB from its preferred locus at the PAS. The data presented demonstrate that TcAChE is a valuable model for understanding the molecular basis of local photooxidative damage.
Role of glyoxalase I in the proliferation and apoptosis control of human LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Antognelli Cinzia , Mezzasoma Letizia , Fettucciari Katia , Mearini Ettore , Talesa Vincenzo N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyoxalase I (GLOI) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls, as methylglyoxal (MG) that, directly or through the formation of MG‐derived adducts, is a growth inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. GLOI has been considered a general marker of cell proliferation, but a direct link between the two has yet to be demonstrated. The aim of the present work was to clarify whether GLOI was involved in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells or might play a different role in the growth regulation of these cells.METHODSRNA interference was used to study the role of GLOI in cell proliferation or apoptosis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and flow cytometry, that was also used to analyze apoptosis. Real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and spectrophotometric analyses were used to study transcript levels or specific activity, respectively. Proteins levels were analyzed by Western blot. MG was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography.RESULTSWe found that GLOI is not implicated in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 cells but plays a role in the apoptosis of invasive prostate cancer PC3 cells, through a mechanism involving a specific MG‐adduct and NF‐kB signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONSOur data represent the first systematic demonstration that GLOI cannot be considered a general marker of cell proliferation and that acts as a pro‐survival factor in invasive PC3 cells by elusing apoptosis. GLOI may be involved in prostate cancer progression, via the control of key molecules in the mitochondrial apoptotic mechanism, through NF‐kB signaling pathway. Prostate 73: 121–132, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formfindung: Die Interaktion von Kraft und Geometrie
Authors: Kemmler Roman 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIm Seil‐ und Membranbau ist die Phase der Formfindung unabdingbar und fester Bestandteil des Planungsprozesses. Bei der Realisierung von Konstruktionen außerhalb dieses Bereichs ist dieser Ansatz derzeit noch nicht umfassend in der Planung verankert. Die stets vorhandene Biegesteifigkeit führt in der Regel dazu, dass die Geometrie gesetzt und nicht gefunden wird. Die Vorteile der Formfindung lassen sich aber mit Erfolg auf eine Vielzahl von Systemen übertragen. Neben einer generellen Diskussion über verschiedene Methoden und dem bei schlaich bergermann und partner eingesetzte Verfahren soll anhand von Beispielen aufgezeigt werden, welche Ziele mit solchen Denkansätzen verfolgt werden können. Das beschriebene Verfahren erweitert den Einsatzbereich und ermöglicht eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung, was sich insbesondere in den Wettbewerbs‐ und Entwurfsphasen als vorteilhaft erweist. Die Vorzüge der Formfindung werden anhand von realisierten Projekten der vergangenen Jahre aufgezeigt.Form‐finding: The Interaction force of geometry. For cable‐ and membrane‐structures the process of form‐finding is an indispensable and integral part of the design‐process. For the realization of other types of structures the idea of form‐finding was, until now, not well established in the design‐phases. Due to the existence of bending‐stiffness in such structures the geometry will be usually preset and not found. The advantages of form‐finding, however, can be used for a multitude of structures. Besides a general discussion about different approaches and the method used by schlaich bergermann und partner, several examples will be shown for the possibilities and advantages of this method. This rarely discussed approach extends the area of application and allows a significant increase in efficiency, which is useful in a competition as well as in the design development phases. The advantages of form‐finding will be presented on realized projects of the last years.
Die Krone von Vancouver – Erneuerung des BC Place Stadions
Authors: Göppert Knut , Moschner Thomas , Paech Christoph , Stein Michael , Werner Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDas BC Place Stadion liegt im Herzen von Vancouver, perfekt in das Nordufer des False Creek eingebettet. Das Stadion mit Kapazitäten für 60.000 Zuschauer wurde 1983 eröffnet und war bis zum Abbau des Daches die größte luftgetragene Sporthalle der Welt. Mit zunehmender Nutzungszeit ergaben sich aus dem komplett unter Innendruck stehenden Stadion massive betriebliche Einschränkungen. Luftschleusen für die Zuschauer und auch für die Zugänge in den Innenraum erschwerten die Entleerung des Stadions im Evakuierungsfall. Die hohen Energieaufwendungen für die Gebläse und die Abtauanlage sind heute nicht mehr vermittelbar und erwiesen sich zudem als betriebswirtschaftliches Problem. Zusätzlich wünschte sich einer der beiden Hauptnutzer, die Fußball spielenden Vancouver Whitecaps, Spiele unter freiem Himmel austragen zu können. Desweiteren sollte das gesamte Stadion renoviert und – auch in Bezug auf die sehr hohe Erdbebenbeanspruchung – auf den neuesten sicherheitstechnischen Stand gebracht werden. Mit dem neuen Entwurf wurde eine sehr komplexe Aufgabenstellung bewältigt: Eine moderne Dachkonstruktion mit wandelbarem Innendach wurde auf eine existierende Stahlbetonkonstruktion aufgesetzt.The crown of Vancouver – Revitalisation of the BC Place Stadium. The BC Place Stadium is situated in the city centre of Vancouver directly next to False Creek. The old stadium, with a capacity for 60,000 people, was opened in 1983 until its demolition. It was the world’s largest air dome. With time, massive operational constraints appeared due to the fully inflated inner space of the air dome. Emergency evacuation of the stadium was complicated due to required air locks on spectator and access routes. The high energy consumption for the inflation units and the snow melting system were not practical anymore and were an economical problem for the user. In addition one of the two main users, the Vancouver Whitecaps, always wanted to have the possibility to play open air. Furthermore, the complete stadium complex had to be renovated and – with regard to the massive seismic demands on the structure – updated to the state of the art. With the new design a very complex task has been solved: A state of the art roof structure with a retractable inner roof was added onto an existing concrete bowl structure.
Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum
Authors: Plieninger Sven , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Sommer‐Universiade 2011 wurde vom 12. bis 23. August in der chinesischen Stadt Shenzhen ausgetragen. Hierfür entstand das neue Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum mit einem Hauptstadion, einer Multifunktionshalle und einem Schwimmstadion. Gemeinsam mit den Architekten von Gerkan, Marg und Partner (gmp) hat schlaich bergermann und partner erfolgreich an zwei internationalen Wettbewerben teilgenommen, dem “Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum“ und “Shenzhen Baoan Stadium“. Der folgende Beitrag berichtet über die Planung und Ausführung der Dachstrukturen der drei Sportstätten des Universiade Sportzentrum. Das Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum war die Hauptsportstätte der Sommer‐Universiade 2011 für Veranstaltungen der Leichtathletik, des Basketballs und der Schwimmdisziplinen. Für die im Jahr 2007 begonnenen Arbeiten übernahm schlaich bergermann und partner in Zusammenarbeit mit den Architekten sowie den in China beauftragten Partnerinstituten die Tragwerkplanung der Dachstrukturen aller drei Gebäude.Sophisticated crystal ‐ Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center. The Summer‐Universiade 2011 took place in the chinese city Shenzhen from the 12th to the 13th of August. For this event the new Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center with a main stadium, a multi‐function hall, and a swimming stadium were designed. Working in conjunction with the architects von Gerkan, Marg und Partner (gmp), schlaich bergermann und partner successfully participated in the two international competitions for the “Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center” and the “Shenzhen Baoan Stadium.” The following article reports on the planning and design of the roof structures of the three sports facilities of the Universiade Sports Center.