bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Lactate Is Associated with Mortality in Older Adults Admitted With and Without Infections
Authors: Del Portal Daniel A. , Shofer Frances , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Dorsey Jr. Philip J. , Gaieski David F. , Goyal Munish , Synnestvedt Marie , Weiner Mark G. , Pines Jesse M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Serum lactate values in the emergency department (ED) have been associated with mortality in diverse populations of critically ill patients. This study investigates whether serum lactate values measured in the ED are associated with mortality in older patients admitted to the hospital, both with and without infections.Methods:  This is a retrospective cohort study performed at two urban teaching hospitals. The study population includes 1,655 older ED patients (age ≥ 65 years) over a 3‐year period (2004–2006) who had serum lactate measured prior to admission. The presence or absence of infection was determined by review of International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) admission diagnosis codes. Mortality during hospitalization was determined by review of inpatient records. Mortality at 30 and at 60 days was determined using a state death registry.Results:  In patients with infections, increasing serum lactate values of ≥2.0 mmol/L were linearly associated with relative risk (RR) of mortality during hospitalization (RR = 1.9 to 3.6 with increasing lactate), at 30 days (RR = 1.7 to 2.6), and at 60 days (RR = 1.4 to 2.3) when compared to patients with serum lactate levels of <2.0 mmol/L. In patients without infections, a similar association was observed (RR = 1.1 to 3.9 during hospitalization, RR = 1.2 to 2.6 at 30 days, RR = 1.1 to 2.4 at 60 days). In both groups of patients, serum lactate had a greater magnitude of association with mortality than either of two other commonly ordered laboratory tests, leukocyte count and serum creatinine.Conclusions:  Higher ED lactate values are associated with greater mortality in a broad cohort of admitted patients over age 65 years, regardless of the presence or absence of infection.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:260–268 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Oral complaints and stimulated salivary flow rate in 1188 adults
Authors: Toida Makoto , Nanya Yuki , Takeda‐Kawaguchi Tomoko , Baba Seiji , Iida Kazuki , Kato Keizo , Hatakeyama Daijiro , Makita Hiroki , Yamashita Tomomi , Shibata Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 407–419Background:  Recently, oral sensory complaints (OSC) were proposed as a disease entity to represent idiopathic sensory disturbances of dry mouth, burning mouth, and taste disturbance, even though neither the status of OSC in the general population nor its underlying mechanism has yet been elucidated. Moreover, these three OSC‐related complaints have not been assessed in combination by means of a visual analog scale (VAS) in a large‐scale, community‐dwelling population of a broad age range.Methods:  In a 1188‐member community‐dwelling adult population, comprised of 373 males and 815 females, aged 20–90 years, the three OSC‐related complaints and stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR) were assessed by means of a VAS and modified Saxon test, respectively. Association of each complaint with age, gender, SSFR, and other complaints was analyzed.Results:  Increases in both prevalence and intensity of subjective dry mouth and burning mouth were associated closely with decreasing SSFR. Even for taste disturbance, which may be affected less significantly by salivation status than the other two complaints, a significant association was suggested between decreasing SSFR and especially severe taste disturbance. However, these oral complaints were found in considerable prevalence even in the individuals with high SSFR. Often overlapping presentation of these complaints and a close association in intensity between the complaints to each other were also found.Conclusions:  Hyposalivation may be a significant and common etiology for the three oral complaints, although the considerable prevalence of complaints without hyposalivation suggests other etiologies, including those related to the OSC.
A novel animal model to study non‐spontaneous bisphosphonates osteonecrosis of jaw
Authors: Biasotto Matteo , Chiandussi Silvia , Zacchigna Serena , Moimas Silvia , Dore Franca , Pozzato Gabriele , Cavalli Fabio , Zanconati Fabrizio , Contardo Luca , Giacca Mauro , Di Lenarda Roberto 
Published: March 2010

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 390–396The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel animal model of bisphosphonates‐associated osteonecrosis, which realistically recapitulates the same pathological human condition. Five Wistar rats were given intravenous zoledronic acid 0.04 mg once a week for 5 weeks. After 2 weeks, the animals underwent the extraction of an upper molar, producing a 4 mm‐diameter bone defect on the same site. After 7 weeks from the extraction, the animals were clinically examined and a bone scintigraphy was carried out. After an additional week, the rats were killed and both Computerized Tomography and histological analysis were performed. Five rats, not treated with zoledronic acid and exposed to the same surgical treatment, were used as controls. At 7 weeks after the extraction, all the rats treated with zoledronic acid showed expansion of the defect and bone exposure. These features were confirmed by bone scintigraphy. The rats of the control group demonstrated epithelialization of the bone defect and a normal uptake of the contrast medium during the scan. The Computerized Tomography scan disclosed irregularity of the cortical margin and bone destruction, which were not evident in the control group. On microscopy, the samples showed necrotic bone, loss of osteocytes and peripheral resorption without inflammatory infiltrate, while the controls showed normal bone healing. The rat treated with zoledronic acid can be considered a novel, reliable and reproducible animal model to understand better the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the jaw and to develop a therapeutic approach.
Interferon‐γ Inhibits Metalloproteinase Activity and Cytotrophoblast Cell Migration
Authors: Fontana Vanina Andrea , Sanchez Melisa , Cebral Elisa , Calvo Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2010

Citation Fontana VA, Sanchez M, Cebral E, Calvo JC. Interferon‐γ inhibits metalloproteinase activity and cytotrophoblast cell migration. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 20–26Problem  Establishment of a successful pregnancy relies on a complex fetal–mother communication that starts with the embryo adhering and invading the endometrium. This requires remodeling of extracellular matrix, performed by metalloproteinases. Cytokines, such as interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), play a role in implantation and could affect the success of pregnancy.Method of study  Using JEG‐3 cell line as model, we cultured the cells in the presence or absence of IFN‐γ and determined the activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 using zymography and the secretion of leptin using Western blot.Results  Interferon‐γ inhibits gelatinase activity from MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in a dose‐dependent manner, reducing the secretion of leptin (not because of a general inhibition on protein synthesis) and impairs cell migration on Matrigel.Conclusion  Our results correlate with previous reports from our laboratory indicating that IFN‐ γ is deleterious for mouse embryo outgrowth, having an effect on metalloproteinases activity as well as leptin secretion.
The competitor‐introduced Gγ recruitment system, a new approach for screening affinity‐enhanced proteins
Authors: Fukuda Nobuo , Ishii Jun , Tanaka Tsutomu , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: March 2010

We have developed a new approach based on the Gγ recruitment system to screen affinity‐enhanced proteins by expressing a binding competitor. The previously established Gγ recruitment system is a yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) system that utilizes G‐protein signaling, and is based on the fact that membrane localization of the G‐protein γ subunit (Gγ) is essential for signal transduction in yeast. In the original Y2H system, an engineered Gγ that lacks membrane localization upon deletion of the lipid modification site (Gγcyto) is produced, and a candidate protein with an artificial lipidation site and its counterpart fused with Gγcyto are expressed. As protein–protein interactions bring Gγcyto towards the plasma membrane, G‐protein signaling can be activated, and the interaction is detected by various cellular responses as the readout. In the current study, we expressed a third cytosolic protein that competes with the candidate protein to specifically isolate affinity‐enhanced mutants from a mutation library of the candidate protein. Enhancing the affinity of the protein candidate guides the counterpart–Gγcyto fusion protein towards the plasma membrane and activates signaling. Using mutants of the Z domain derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A as candidate proteins or competitors, and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the counterpart, we demonstrate that affinity‐enhanced proteins can be effectively screened from a library containing a 10 000‐fold excess of non‐enhanced proteins. This new approach, called the competitor‐introduced Gγ recruitment system, will be useful for efficient discovery of rare valuable candidates hidden among excess ordinary ones.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7556266: Fc portion of human IgG (uniprotkb:P01857) physically interacts (MI:0915) with Z domain of protein A (uniprotkb:P38507) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
Immunotherapy of melanoma
Authors: HERSEY Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA number of studies have shown that melanoma is a particularly immunogenic tumour, at least in the early stages of its development. A range of clinical phenomena also suggests that immune responses play an important role in the natural history of the disease, including the total or partial regression of primary melanomas associated with lymphoid infiltrates. Immunization with a variety of vaccines can increase immune responses to melanoma, but whether this is of therapeutic benefit remains unclear. Various trials of melanoma vaccines have shown benefits but their significance has been marginal to date. Two trials have actually shown an adverse effect on survival. Stimulation of immune responses by blocking down‐regulatory mechanisms in the immune system has evolved as a potential therapeutic approach following studies that have shown that immune responses are finely regulated by a series of receptors and ligands on lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. The best studied of these approaches is the blockade of the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 receptor on T cells, which allows the generation of more effector cells for longer periods. Agents targeting this receptor have shown promising results and continue to be studied.
Le système de retraite de la fonction publique à Taïwan: problèmes d'équité au sein du système et entre les différents régimes
Authors: Shao Ai Ju 
Published: March 2010

RésuméCet article examine les défis que doit relever le nouveau fonds de pensions de la fonction publique (NSPFS) de Taïwan, Chine. En vigueur depuis moins de vingt ans, ce jeune système est confrontéà des déséquilibres financiers et fait l'objet de controverses en raison de la générosité des prestations qu'il offre. Le présent article présente pour commencer les différents systèmes de retraite en vigueur à Taïwan, en particulier le système qui couvre les salariés de l'administration publique générale. Il analyse ensuite les difficultés financières auxquelles est confronté le régime des salariés de l'administration générale, notamment la hausse du coût des prestations pour l'ensemble des contribuables. Enfin, il développe les orientations qui pourraient être suivies pour réformer le système de retraite de la fonction publique, notamment la baisse des prestations, le durcissement des conditions d'ouverture des droits et la création d'un nouveau système. En ce qui concerne cette dernière proposition, tout nouveau système susceptible d'être envisagé doit garantir la viabilité financière à plus long terme du régime tout en offrant une équité optimale pour toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les contribuables.
El sistema público de pensiones en Taiwán: problemas de igualdad en los sistemas y entre los sistemas
Authors: Shao Ai Ju 
Published: March 2010

ResumenEn este artículo se analizan los desafíos que afronta el Nuevo Sistema del Fondo de Pensiones de la Función Pública en Taiwán, China. Menos de dos décadas después de su puesta en marcha, este nuevo sistema afronta desajustes financieros y es objeto de polémica por la generosidad de las disposiciones que regulan sus prestaciones. En primer lugar, el artículo presenta los diferentes sistemas de seguridad en la vejez existentes en Taiwán y se centra en los trabajadores de la función pública en general. A continuación, el artículo examina los desafíos financieros que afronta el sistema general de pensiones del sector público, incluido el aumento del coste de sus prestaciones para todos los contribuyentes. Por último, el artículo propone una serie de posibles orientaciones que el sistema general del sector público debería considerar al acometer las reformas, entre otras, la reducción del importe de las prestaciones, criterios más restrictivos de elegibilidad o el establecimiento de un nuevo sistema. En este último caso, toda propuesta de un nuevo sistema debe aspirar a realizar el objetivo de lograr solidez financiera a largo plazo y simultáneamente garantizar una ecuanimidad óptima entre todas las partes implicadas, incluidos los contribuyentes.
La atención médica como prestación de seguridad social: enfoques institucionales para la extensión de la cobertura
Authors: Ron Aviva 
Published: March 2010

ResumenPara lograr una cobertura médica universal es necesaria una combinación adecuada de regímenes de seguro social contributivos obligatorios con mecanismos de inclusión de la población activa de la economía informal y una asistencia social de base impositiva para las personas sin ingresos suficientes para abonar sus propias cotizaciones. Este artículo aboga por una inversión de la tendencia a la separación del seguro social de enfermedad entre distintas instancias sanitarias e insta a extender la cobertura médica usando los regímenes de seguridad social del sector estructurado existentes debido a que cuentan con las estructuras institucionales y el respaldo político necesarios. El artículo repasa los motivos del lento ritmo de extensión de la cobertura hasta la fecha, recalca el valor añadido de la incorporación de la atención médica como prestación de la seguridad social y reconoce la importancia de mantener los vínculos entre los regímenes reglamentarios de seguro de enfermedad y los regímenes comunitarios de seguro o microseguro de enfermedad bien reglamentados.
Exploiting formalin‐preserved fish specimens for resources of DNA barcoding
Authors: ZHANG J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWith the development of the DNA barcoding project, a large number of specimens are required to establish the library of reference barcode. Formalin‐fixed samples from museums provide a potential resource for it. However, recovery of DNA and amplification of the target gene from formalin‐fixed samples are challenging. In this study, a hot alkali pre‐treatment accompanied by the use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method was employed for DNA recovery from formalin‐preserved samples, with the purpose of pursuing the optimal condition for high quantity and quality of DNA and minimizing PCR inhibition. Meanwhile, a semi‐nested PCR‐based method was developed to enhance the efficacy of amplification. This advanced protocol was demonstrated to be reliable and effective. Even for 23‐year‐old samples, genomic DNA could be extracted, and COI gene was correctly sequenced.
Post-glacial rebound of Iceland during the Holocene
Authors: Le Breton E. , Dauteuil O. , Biessy G. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract:

The geodynamic context of Iceland provides the rare opportunity to analyse the combined effects of a ridge and a hotspot on deformation processes. From a digital elevation model, field analysis and a compilation of previous work, we propose a synthesis of vertical motions of Iceland during the Holocene with a focus on the post-glacial rebound. We determined two ancient marine limits, one above and one below the present sea level, estimated at 10 ka ± 300 years and 8150 ± 350 years bp, respectively. We calculated an uplift phase of 40–170 m with a rate of 2.1–9.2 cm a
−1
between 10 ka ± 300 years and 8150 ± 350 years bp, corresponding to the post-glacial rebound of Iceland following the Weichselian glaciation. Spatial variations of the rebound are mainly related to the local glacial dynamics (ice load and deglaciation history) rather than the geodynamic context. However, the relaxation time deduced from uplift data is 4167 years in west Iceland and 2000 years in SSW Iceland. We estimated viscosity from relaxation time, ranging from 2.1 × 10
19
Pa s to 3.2 × 10
19
Pa s. The significant difference in the relaxation time is due to local variation of the lithospheric thickness as a result of rifting rather than because of a variation of the viscosity.
Palaeocene–early Eocene inversion of the Phuquoc–Kampot Som Basin: SE Asian deformation associated with the suturing of Luconia
Authors: Fyhn Michael B.W. , Pedersen Stig A.S. , Boldreel Lars O. , Nielsen Lars H. , Green Paul F. , Dien Phan T. , Huyen Luong T. , Frei Dirk 
Published: March 2010

Abstract:
The little explored Cambodian and Vietnamese Phuquoc–Kampot Som Basin is a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous foreland basin developed in response to the build-up of a palaeo-Pacific magmatic arc. A combination of seismic data, well data and outcrop geology complemented by fission track and U/Pb analysis is used to unravel the basin history. This reveals a hitherto unknown earliest Palaeogene basin inversion associated with the Luconian suturing to SE Asia and the shutdown of palaeo-Pacific subduction underneath SE Asia. The Phuquoc–Kampot Som Basin and the Khorat Basin in Thailand constitute the erosional remnants of a larger basin that covered large parts of SE Asia in Late Mesozoic time, and subsequently became segregated during earliest Palaeogene inversion and erosion. Inversion was focused along the several hundred kilometres long Kampot and Khmer–Chanthaburi fold belts that confine the Phuquoc–Kampot Som Basin and merge with the Mae Ping and the Three Pagodas fault zones. These connections, together with local NW–SE-trending sinistral transpressional faults offshore, indicate a link between initial SE Asian left-lateral strike-slip faulting and the Luconian suturing. The separation between the once unbroken Khmer–Chanthaburi Fold Belt and the Phetchabun Fold Belt in Thailand suggests a 50–100 km Cenozoic left-lateral offset across the Mae Ping Fault Zone.
No need for lithospheric extension for exhuming (U)HP rocks by normal faulting
Authors: Ring Uwe , Glodny Johannes 
Published: March 2010

Abstract:
Extensional deformation is commonly considered most important for exhuming rocks from great depths. However, the necessary space for extending the lithosphere is usually lacking. We show that significant exhumation of (U)HP rocks occurs in extrusion wedges, which have a normal fault at their top and a thrust fault at their base. The normal fault at the top of an extrusion wedge is a geometric effect and does not result from lithospheric extension. Therefore, the exhumation of (U)HP rocks in extrusion wedges allows substantial exhumation beneath a normal fault during horizontal shortening and does not cause lithospheric attenuation.
Tectonic significance of present-day stress relief phenomena in formerly glaciated regions
Authors: Pascal Christophe , Roberts David , Gabrielsen Roy H. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract:
Investigations were conducted in several regions of Norway with the purpose of detecting and measuring stress-relief features and to derive from them valuable information on the shallow-crustal stress state. Stress-relief features are induced by blasting and sudden rock unloading in road construction and quarrying operations, and are common in Norway and probably in other regions of Fennoscandia, as they are in NE America. Stress relief at the Earth's surface is diagnostic of anomalously high stress levels at shallow depths in the crust and characterizes the formerly glaciated Baltic and Canadian Precambrian shields. The mean orientation of the maximum horizontal compressive stress axis, as deduced from the orientation of stress-relief features, was found to be NW–SE, consistent with North Atlantic ridge-push forces. We show that our determined stress orientations are in excellent agreement with other kinds of stress data. As a final step, we estimate ridge-push force magnitudes from gravity data in the North Atlantic region. Our computations suggest that strong ridge-push forces characterize the Baltic and Canadian shields. We conclude from this quantitative analysis and our fieldwork results that present-day stress relief, in Fennoscandia and NE America, is mostly triggered by plate-scale ridge-push forces and not by residual glacial loading stresses.
Effect of Humeral Head Defect Size on Glenohumeral Stability
Authors: Kaar Scott G. , Fening Stephen D. , Jones Morgan H. , Colbrunn Robb W. , Miniaci Anthony 
Published: March 2010

Background Hill-Sachs lesions are often present with recurrent shoulder instability and may be a cause of failed Bankart repair. Hypothesis Glenohumeral joint stability decreases with increasingly larger humeral head defects. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Humeral head defects, 1/8, 3/8, 5/8, and 7/8 of the humeral head radius, were created in 8 human cadaveric shoulders, simulating Hill-Sachs defects. Testing positions included 45° and 90° of abduction and 40° of internal rotation, neutral, and 40° of external rotation. Testing occurred at each defect size sequentially from smallest to largest for all abduction and rotation combinations. The humeral head was translated at 0.5 mm/s 45° anteroinferiorly to the horizontal glenoid axis until dislocation. Distance to dislocation, defined as humeral head translation until it began to subluxate, was the primary outcome measure. Results Significant factors by ANOVA were rotation (P < .001) and defect size (P < .001). There was no difference for the 2 abduction angles. External rotation of 40° significantly reduced distance to dislocation compared with neutral and 40° internal rotation (P < .001). Osteotomies of 5/8 and 7/8 radius significantly decreased distance to dislocation over the intact state (P = .009 and P < .001, respectively). Post hoc analysis determined significant differences for the rotational positions. Decreased distance to dislocation occurred at 5/8 radius osteotomy at 40° external rotation with 90° of abduction (P = .008). For the 7/8 radius osteotomy at 90° abduction, there was a decreased distance to dislocation for neutral and 40° external rotation (P < .001); at 45° abduction, there was a decreased distance to dislocation at 40° external rotation (P < .001). With the humerus internally rotated, there was no significant change in distance to dislocation. Conclusion Glenohumeral stability decreases at a 5/8 radius defect in external rotation and abduction. At 7/8 radius, there was a further decrease in stability at neutral and external rotation. Clinical Relevance Defects of 5/8 the humeral head radius may require treatment to decrease the failure rate of shoulder instability repair.