bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium and Sulfur Systematics of Mafic Dykes in Western Fujian Province, Southern China
Authors: Haifeng FAN , Hanjie WEN , Guishan ZHANG , Ruizhong HU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFifteen samples from three study areas (the Bancun diabase dykes, the Bali hornblende gabbro dykes, the Linzifen gabbro‐diabase dykes) were collected and analyzed for selenium (Se), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), major and trace elements. In general, Se, S and Cu do positively correlate to each other. The concentration of S and Se and the S/Se ratio are higher than the corresponding value of primitive mantle (PM), and the Cu/S ratio falls in a narrow range (0.04–0.29), which is consistent with that of primitive mantle (0.05–0.20). The Bancun diabase dykes and the Bali hornblende gabbro dykes were located in an intraplate environment during the Late Mesozoic. Oceanic subduction was closely related to magmatic activities. The magmatic activities play an important role in the transportation mechanism of Se and S. Because those two groups were closer to fault zones, which may affect the distribution of S and Se and other elements. In the two groups, no crustal contamination was observed, indicating that all analyzed elements may come from enriched mantle metasomtism associated with slab subduction. However, the Linzifen gabbro‐diabase dykes were located in an intraplate rift environment, and its invading age is older than the other two groups, the primitive magma comes from mantle, and there is an anomalous relation between S, Se and Al2O3, (La/Sm)N, and all these factors could result in higher S and Se concentration.
Surface Rupture and Co‐seismic Displacement Produced by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12th, 2008, Sichuan, China: Eastwards Growth of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Shuwen DONG , Yueqiao ZHANG , Zhenhan WU , Nong YANG , Yinsheng MA , Wei SHI , Zhengle CHEN , Changxing LONG , Meijian AN 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn earthquake of Ms 8 struck Wenchuan County, western Sichuan, China, on May 12th, 2008 and resulted in long surface ruptures (>300 km). The first‐hand observations about the surface ruptures produced by the earthquake in the worst‐hit areas of Yingxiu, Beichuan and Qingchuan, ascertained that the causative structure of the earthquake was in the central fault zones of the Longmenshan tectonic belt. Average co‐seismic vertical displacements along the individual fault of the Yingxiu‐Beichuan rupture zone reach 2.5‐4 m and the cumulative vertical displacements across the central and frontal Longmenshan fault belt is about 5–6 m. The surface rupture strength was reduced from north of Beichuan to Qingchuan County and shows 2–3 m dextral strike‐slip component. The Wenchuan thrust‐faulting earthquake is a manifestation of eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau under the action of continuous convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continents.
Late Cenozoic Geology and Paleo‐environment Change in the Eastern Edge of Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau
Authors: Zhizhong ZHAO , Yansong QIAO , Shubing WANG , Haitao YAO , Yan WANG , Chaozhu LI , Jianli FU , Zongxiu LIU , Mingze LI , Qi MIAO , Fuchu JIANG 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere are late Cenozoic lacustrine deposits and loess and red clay and moraines in eastern edge of the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau. Various genetic sediments recorded rich information on late Cenozoic paleo‐environment changes. Xigeda lacustrine formed during 4.2 Ma B.P.‐2.6 Ma B.P. There were 9 periodic warm‐cold alternations. Eolian deposition in western Sichuan began at 1.15 Ma B.P. The loess‐soil sequences recorded successively 14 paleo‐monsoon climate cycles. Laterite in Chengdu plain recorded 5 stages of paleoclimatic stages since 1.13 Ma B.P. There was an old glacial period of 4.3 Ma B.P. in eastern Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau. During Quaternary, there are 5 extreme paleoclimatic events corresponding with 5 glaciations.
δ13 C‐δ18 O Covariance: An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?
Authors: Jing'an CHEN , Fushun WANG , Guojiang WAN , Degui TANG , ZHANG David Dian , Ronggui HUNAG , Jian LI , Tangfu XIAO 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe correlation between the δ13 C and δ18 0 in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity. The influence of these factors on the δ13 C‐δ18 0 correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different‐type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the δ13 C‐δ18 0 correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the δ13 C‐δ18 0 covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the δ13 C and δ18 0 in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and in Lake Chenghai (closed lake). This suggests that the δ13 C‐δ18 0 covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant δ13 C and δ18 0 as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm‐dry and cold‐wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the δ13 C‐δ18 0 covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between δ13 C and δ18 O because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the δ13 C shift in hyper‐alkaline lakes. We should be prudent when we use the covariance between δ13 C and δ18 O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.
The Role of Fracture Structure in Leachate Pollution at Landfills: A Case Study of a Landfill in Chongqing City
Authors: Yunju LUO , Dongyan LIU , Xiulan LI , Zhengwei ZHU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper studies a landfill where there are three faults running through. As serious pollution has occurred to the geological environment, the landfill is to be closed up and renovated. The paper aims to explore the role of fracture structure in leachate pollution at the landfill. The research was carried out in several stages. First, mathematical models of the pre‐renovation landfill with three faults running through and the landfill after renovation were established. And then, the boundary conditions and parameters of the two mathematical models were determined. The groundwater level of the landfills was simulated in order to modify the two mathematical models. As a result, a feasible mathematical model was achieved. Based on this model, a comparison was made of the COD concentration variations in the inside leachate and outside leachate between the two landfills. Accordingly, the impacts of the fracture structure on the pollution of leachate at the landfills could be identified. The study results show that while faults contribute to the migration of leachate, they also serve as a confluence of leachate, thus further deteriorating the environment. The COD concentrations of the inside leachate and the outside leachate of the pre‐renovation landfill are respectively 800 mg/L and 220 mg/L higher than those of the post‐renovation landfill. Therefore, measures must be taken to handle the leachate seepage in areas where there are faults as well as the neighboring areas so as to get the environmental pollution under control.
Numerical Modelling of Dissolving and Driving Exploitation of Potash Salt in the Qarhan Play a—A Coupled Model of Reactive Solute Transport and Chemical Equilibrium in a Multi‐component: Underground Brine System
Authors: Wenpeng LI , Zhenying LIU 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFirstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer (salt deposit) in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi‐component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two‐dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi‐component brine porous system (salt deposits) was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Expression pattern of glypican‐3, HSP70, and glutamine synthetase in chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Soo Hee , Lee Kyoung Bun , Kwon Hyeong‐Ju , Jang Ja‐June 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT Background and aim: The three‐panel marker, glypican‐3, HSP70 and glutamine synthetase, is helpful for making a diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma. To further characterize the diagnostic values of these three markers, we performed immunostaining studies in non‐neoplastic hepatocytes (chronic hepatitis B) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Immunostaining was performed for all three markers. The cases were 60 needle biopsies of chronic hepatitis B (30 with low‐grade activity and 30 with high‐grade activity) and 40 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Results: Glypican‐3 staining was detected in only one of the 60 chronic hepatitis B cases, and this case expressed moderate immunoreactivity for glypican‐3 and showed high‐grade inflammatory activity. HSP70 expression was not observed in any cases. Glutamine synthetase was strongly immunoreactive at peri‐venular hepatocytes with cytoplasmic staining in all cases. These findings reflected a normal expression pattern. On the other hand, all three markers were positive in 15 (37.5%) HCCs. At least two of three markers were positive in 26 (65.0%). Moreover, all three markers were negative in 2 (5.0%) HCCs. Conclusions: The combination of these three markers is highly specific for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma. However, caution should be exercised because non‐neoplastic hepatocytes in chronic hepatitis B with high necro‐inflammatory activity tend to show focal positivity for glypican‐3. Also we emphasize that all three markers can show negative immunoreactivity in HCC.
Student Volunteer Opportunities in Hydrophilanthropy: The Steps to Organizing a Successful Project
Authors: Fitzgerald Cathleen M. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:University students who travel internationally become de facto ambassadors not only of their country but also of their universities and colleges. Therefore, it is important that all hydrophilantropy projects include awareness of cross‐cultural differences and include community participation and involvement during the early planning stages. Schedules should not be so ambitious that the project cannot be completed in the allotted time period and multiple trips to the same community are essential to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of completed projects. Low‐tech water supply technologies that are affordable, easily replicable, and require minimal or no outside monetary assistance are the keys to completion of a successful project.
The CARA Network: Building Latin American Capacity in Hydrogeology and Water Resource Management
Authors: Bethune David N , Ryan M. Cathryn 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:Ground water supplies the vast majority of water supply in Central America yet, prior to the last 15 years, there have been only a handful of appropriately educated hydrogeologists in the region. The CARA Network (http://www.caragua.org) began in 1999 with the intention of building capacity in hydrogeology and water resource management in Central America. Capacity is built at national (public) universities through applied two‐year M.Sc. programs with related teaching and research. Each university is strengthened through the creation of new faculty positions, faculty training, the procurement of equipment/books/software, and the dedication of infrastructure. To date, the CARA M.Sc. programs have trained (or have in a current program) almost 160 Latin American hydrogeologists at the M.Sc. level. CARA short courses and workshops have trained over 2000 water‐sector professionals in the region in a variety of water themes related to groundwater and water resource management.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with a reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus that developed in the course of chemotherapy of multiple myeloma
Authors: Fujiya Atsushi , Ochiai Hiroshi , Mizukoshi Toshihiro , Kiyota Atsushi , Shibata Taiga , Suzuki Atsushi , Ohashi Norimi , Sobajima Hiroshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 70‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed with multiple myeloma underwent chemotherapy. Three months after beginning chemotherapy, she was readmitted to the hospital because of fever and hepatopathy. Her elevated Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antibody levels showed that the hepatopathy was caused by reactivation of EBV. On the 18th hospital day, the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG; 451 mg/dL) and pancreatic enzymes were suddenly elevated. Elevation of HbA1c level (6.4%) was slight, as compared with that of the FPG level. Arterial blood gas analysis showed metabolic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis was suspected. The serum C‐peptide level was below the detectable limit both before and after glucagon load, thereby suggesting an insulin‐dependent state. These features were identical to the features for fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. The levels of EBV anti‐viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin M decreased, and the clinical course was identical to that associated with reactivation of EBV infection. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040.1124.2010.00061.x, 2010)
National Multicenter Study of Predictors and Outcomes of Bacteremia upon Hospital Admission Caused by
Enterobacteriaceae
Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases
Authors: Marchaim Dror , Gottesman Tamar , Schwartz Orna , Korem Maya , Maor Yasmin , Rahav Galia , Karplus Rebekah , Lazarovitch Tsipora , Braun Eyal , Sprecher Hana , Lachish Tamar , Wiener-Well Yonit , Alon Danny , Chowers Michal , Ciobotaro Pnina , Bardenstein Rita , Paz Alona , Potasman Israel , Giladi Michael , Schechner Vered , Schwaber Mitchell J. , Klarfeld-Lidji Shiri , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
are pathogens that may lead to a spectrum of clinical syndromes. We aimed to identify predictors and outcomes of ESBL bacteremia upon hospital admission (UHA) in a nationwide prospective study. Thus, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 10 Israeli hospitals. Adult patients with bacteremia due to
Enterobacteriaceae
diagnosed within 72 h of hospitalization were included. Patients with ESBL producers (cases) were compared to those with non-ESBL producers (controls), and a 1:1 ratio was attempted in each center. A case-control study to identify predictors and a cohort study to identify outcomes were conducted. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for analyses. Overall, 447 patients with bacteremia due to
Enterobacteriaceae
were recruited: 205 cases and 242 controls. Independent predictors of ESBL were increased age, multiple comorbid conditions, poor functional status, recent contact with health care settings, invasive procedures, and prior receipt of antimicrobial therapy. In addition, patients presenting with septic shock and/or multiorgan failure were more likely to have ESBL infections. Patients with ESBL producers suffered more frequently from a delay in appropriate antimicrobial therapy (odds ratio [OR], 4.7;
P
, <0.001) and had a higher mortality rate (OR, 3.5;
P
, <0.001). After controlling for confounding variables, both ESBL production (OR, 2.3;
P
, 9.1) and a delay in adequate therapy (OR, 0.05;
P
, 0.001) were significant predictors for mortality and other adverse outcomes. We conclude that among patients with bacteremia due to
Enterobacteriaceae
UHA, those with ESBL producers tend to be older and chronically ill and to have a delay in effective therapy and severe adverse outcomes. Efforts should be directed to improving the detection of patients with ESBL bacteremia UHA and to providing immediate appropriate therapy.
OXA-134, a Naturally Occurring Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamase from
Acinetobacter lwoffii
Authors: Figueiredo Samy , Poirel Laurent , Seifert Harald , Mugnier Pauline , Benhamou Dan , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter lwoffii
, a species whose natural habitat is the human skin, intrinsically possesses a chromosomal gene encoding a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase, OXA-134. This species may therefore constitute a reservoir for carbapenemase genes that may spread among other
Acinetobacter
species.
Comparative
In Vitro
Activities of Torezolid (DA-7157) against Clinical Isolates of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in South Korea
Authors: Yum Jong Hwa , Choi Sung Hak , Yong Dongeun , Chong Yunsop , Im Weon Bin , Rhee Dong-Kwon , Lee Kyungwon 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Resistance of Gram-positive pathogens to first-line antimicrobial agents has been increasing in many parts of the world. We compared the
in vitro
activities of torezolid with those of other antimicrobial agents, including linezolid, against clinical isolates of major aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Torezolid had an MIC
90
of ≤0.5 μg/ml for the Gram-positive bacterial isolates tested and was more potent than either linezolid or vancomycin.
Tafenoquine, an Antiplasmodial 8-Aminoquinoline, Targets
Leishmania
Respiratory Complex III and Induces Apoptosis
Authors: Carvalho Luis , Luque-Ortega Juan Román , Manzano José Ignacio , Castanys Santiago , Rivas Luis , Gamarro Francisco 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Tafenoquine (TFQ), an 8-aminoquinoline analogue of primaquine, which is currently under clinical trial (phase IIb/III) for the treatment and prevention of malaria, may represent an alternative treatment for leishmaniasis. In this work, we have studied the mechanism of action of TFQ against
Leishmania
parasites. TFQ impaired the overall bioenergetic metabolism of
Leishmania
promastigotes, causing a rapid drop in intracellular ATP levels without affecting plasma membrane permeability. TFQ induced mitochondrial dysfunction through the inhibition of cytochrome
c
reductase (respiratory complex III) with a decrease in the oxygen consumption rate and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. This was accompanied by ROS production, elevation of intracellular Ca

2+

levels and concomitant nuclear DNA fragmentation. We conclude that TFQ targets
Leishmania
mitochondria, leading to an apoptosis-like death process.
Antileishmanial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of the 8-Aminoquinoline Tafenoquine
Authors: Yardley Vanessa , Gamarro Francisco , Croft Simon L. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

The 8-aminoquinoline tafenoquine showed significant
in vitro
activity against
Leishmania
species, including
L. donovani
amastigotes in macrophages, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) between 0.1 and 4.0 μM for both pentavalent antimony (SbV)-sensitive and SbV-resistant strains and by oral administration in BALB/c mice, with 50% effective dose (ED
50
) values of 1.2 to 3.5 mg/kg for 5 days. Tafenoquine was less active against intracellular
Trypanosoma cruzi
amastigotes, with an IC
50
of 21.9 μM.
Role of Ferroportin in Macrophage-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Johnson Erin E. , Sandgren Andreas , Cherayil Bobby J. , Murray Megan , Wessling-Resnick Marianne 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Perturbations in iron metabolism have been shown to dramatically impact host response to infection. The most common inherited iron overload disorder results from defects in the HFE gene product, a major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein that interacts with transferrin receptors. HFE-associated hemochromatosis is characterized by abnormally high levels of the iron efflux protein ferroportin. In this study, J774 murine macrophages overexpressing ferroportin were used to investigate the influence of iron metabolism on the release of nitric oxide (NO) in response to infection. Overexpression of ferroportin significantly impaired intracellular
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
growth during early stages of infection. When challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or
M. tuberculosis
infection, control macrophages increased NO synthesis, but macrophages overexpressing ferroportin had significantly impaired NO production in response to LPS or
M. tuberculosis
. Increased NO synthesis in control cells was accompanied by increased iNOS mRNA and protein, while upregulation of iNOS protein was markedly reduced when J744 cells overexpressing ferroportin were challenged with LPS or
M. tuberculosis
, thus limiting the bactericidal activity of these macrophages. The proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon reversed the inhibitory effect of ferroportin overexpression on NO production. These results suggest a novel role for ferroportin in attenuating macrophage-mediated immune responses.