bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IIOld English
Authors: Burns Rachel A , Heller Simon , Kehoe Niamh , Knowles Emma , Leneghan Francis , Pascual Rafael J , Ponirakis Eleni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter has ten sections: 1. Manuscript Studies; 2. Prose; 3. Beowulf; 4. Other Secular Heroic Poems; 5. Biblical Poetry; 6. Riddles, Wisdom Poetry, and Other Shorter Poetry; 7. Lyric Poetry; 8. Verse Hagiography; 9. Reception. Sections 1 and 6 are by Rachel A. Burns; section 2 is by Niamh Kehoe; sections 3 and 4 are by Rafael J. Pascual; section 5 is by Emma Knowles, with contributions from Francis Leneghan; sections 7 and 8 are by Eleni Ponirakis; section 9 is by Simon Heller, with contributions from Rafael J. Pascual
Assessment of iron status
Authors: Von Holle Ann 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Iron is an essential trace element in human health that can be harmful at abnormal levels such as iron overload or deficiency. Measured iron status in the body can depend on health outcomes experienced by the individual and this can complicate its accurate assessment. This review will highlight recent research on iron assessment in the literature.

Recent findings
Research on iron assessment within the past 18 months included some common themes spanning new methods and biomarkers, as well as existing problems in assessing iron deficiency and overload. Heterogeneity in associations between inflammation and iron levels are reflected across different inflammatory biomarkers. New methods relevant to low- and high-resource settings may improve assessment in tissues with iron deficiency and overload. Consensus papers outlined best practices when using MRI to assess iron status. Outside of newer methods, traditional serum markers are the subject of a call for updated guidance when assessing iron status.

Summary
Research continues on the topic of iron assessment, underlying its complex metabolism in the body and resulting challenges in assessment. Current literature underscores progress to make iron assessment more accessible, improve existing methods, and update current assessment methods so they correspond with recent research to improve human health.
Comparing sucrose solution with distilled water for pain management in premature infant venipuncture: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Habibzadeh Hossein , Salamat Bakhsh Maryam , Hosseini Mina , Khalkhali Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:
Managing pain is critical, especially for premature infants undergoing frequent painful procedures. Uncontrolled pain can lead to lasting harm in growth, cognitive development, and future pain responses.

Methods:
A double-blinded clinical investigation involving 150 premature infants was performed in a neonatal intensive care unit. They were randomly divided into three groups: Sucrose 20% (50 infants), distilled water (50 infants), and a control group (50 infants). The infants’ behavioral responses were assessed using an infant pain measurement tool before, at 2, and 7 min after the intervention through direct observation.

Results:
The study revealed that mean pain scores before, 2 min after, and 7 min after the intervention in the sucrose group were (4.78±0.91), (3.18±1.15), and (2±1.02), respectively. In the distilled water group, scores were (4.66±0.89), (3.04±1.15), and (3.08±1.10), while in the control group, they were (4.0±0.79), (4.94±0.79), and (4.72±0.96). The trend of pain scores varied among the groups over time, with a significant difference in mean pain scores at different time points (P<0.001). Initially comparable, pain scores notably decreased after 2 min in the sucrose and distilled water groups (P<0.001), differing from the control group.

Conclusion:
The study indicated that 20% sucrose and distilled water equally reduce infant pain post-venipuncture, suggesting their viability for clinical pain management. Distilled water, however, provides additional benefits, including economic considerations and ease of preparation.
Knowledge and attitude of medical students towards artificial intelligence in ophthalmology in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Faroog Zainudheen , Dirar Qais Saif Eldaula , Zaidi Abdul Rehman Zia , Khan Mohammad Salman , Mahamud Golam , Ambia Saad Rahman , Al-Hazzaa Selwa 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology represents a transformative leap in healthcare. AI-powered technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, enhance the accuracy and efficiency of ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine medical students’ awareness and attitudes towards the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023 using online questionnaires. Data collection was carried out using convenience sampling among medical students at the University. IBM SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data.

Results:
The current finding shows that most of the participants N=309 (89.6%) had heard of the use of AI in medicine, and N=294 (85.2%) heard of the use of AI in ophthalmology. 98.6% (n=340) of respondents believed AI would be a helpful tool in ophthalmology. Along this line of questioning, a significant majority of respondents, 332 (96.2%) selected screening, 332 (96.2%) selected diagnosis, and 293 (84.9%) selected prevention as a usage of AI ophthalmology. However, the majority, 76.5%) of students had little understanding of the development of AI in ophthalmology. In addition, a significant relationship between sex, academic year, cumulative GPA (cGPA), and awareness of AI in ophthalmology (P<0.001) was found in this study.

Conclusions:
Overall, medical students in Saudi Arabia appear to have favorable thoughts about AI and positive perceptions towards AI in ophthalmology. However, the findings of this study emphasize the limited understanding and low confidence levels of medical students in Saudi Arabia regarding the use of AI in ophthalmology. As a result, early exposure to AI-related materials in medical curricula is crucial for addressing these challenges through comprehensive AI education and practical exposure to prepare future ophthalmologists.
Exploring the association between atrial fibrillation and celiac disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Subedi Rasish , Soulat Amna , Rauf Butt Samia , Mohan Anmol , Danish Butt Muhammad , Arwani Suneel , Ahmed Gulzar , Majumder Koushik , Mohan Lal Priyanka , Kumar Vikash , Tejwaney Usha , Ram Nanik , Kumar Sarwan 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) and celiac disease (CD) individually while also exploring the emerging evidence of a potential association between the two conditions.

Methods:
The pathophysiology of AF, the most prevalent arrhythmia globally, and CD, an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten consumption, is examined. Genetic, structural, electrophysiological, and inflammatory factors contributing to their development are explored.

Results:
AF involves irregular atrial activity leading to electrical and structural remodeling of the atrium. CD is characterized by an immune response to gluten, primarily associated with HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genetic mutations, resulting in damage to intestinal tissue. Emerging research suggests a link between AF and CD, possibly mediated through inflammation, fibrosis, and electromechanical delays in the atrium.

Conclusion:
Understanding the association between AF and CD carries significant clinical implications. Recognition of this relationship can assist in identifying individuals at higher risk for AF and inform proactive management strategies. Additionally, it underscores the importance of comprehensive care for CD patients, considering potential cardiac implications. Further research is warranted to elucidate precise mechanisms and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting common pathways, opening avenues for enhanced patient care and future investigations.
Association between gallstone disease and carotid intima-media thickness: a prospective observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Thapa Lokendra , Katwal Shailendra , Thapa Bikash Raj 
Published: June 2024

Background and objectives:
Gallstone disease (GD) is a prevalent health issue globally, particularly in developed nations, and has notable associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This prospective observational cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between gallstone disease and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a marker of carotid atherosclerosis, in a tertiary care setting.

Method:
Conducted at a tertiary care center, the study included 96 participants (48 with gallstone disease and 48 age and sex-matched controls). Data collection involved demographic information, BMI calculation, abdominal ultrasonography for gallstone detection, and carotid ultrasonography for CIMT measurement. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.

Results:
The study revealed higher CIMT values in GD patients compared to controls (P<0.001). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between CIMT and age (r=0.450, P<0.001) and BMI (r=0.550, P<0.001). The Cohen’s d-test indicated a clinically significant difference in CIMT between GD patients and controls (d=1.47).

Conclusion:
This study revealed a significant association between gallstone disease and elevated CIMT, correlating with higher BMI indicating a potential link between gallstone disease and increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the importance of assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with gallstone disease, highlighting the potential utility of carotid ultrasonography as a non-invasive screening tool. Early intervention strategies may be warranted to mitigate cardiovascular risks associated with gallstone disease.
Multi-omic analyses unveil contrasting composition and spatial distribution of specialized metabolites in seeds ofCamelina sativaand other Brassicaceae
Authors: Barreda Léa , Brosse Céline , Boutet Stéphanie , Klewko Nicolas , De Vos Delphine , Francois Tracy , Collet Boris , Grain Damaris , Boulard Céline , Totozafy Jean Chrisologue , Bernay Benoît , Perreau François , Lepiniec Loïc , Rajjou Loïc , Corso Massimiliano 
Published: June 2024

SummarySeeds of Brassicaceae produce a large diversity of beneficial and antinutritional specialized metabolites (SMs) that influence their quality and provide resistance to stresses. While the distribution of these compounds has been described in leaves and roots tissues, limited information is available about their spatio-temporal accumulation in seeds.Camelina sativa(camelina) is an oilseed Brassicaceae cultivated for human and animal nutrition, and for industrial uses. While we previously explored SM diversity and plasticity, no information is available about SM distribution and expression of related proteins and genes in camelina seeds.In this study, we used a multi-omic approach, integrating untargeted metabolomics, data-independent acquisition proteomics, and transcriptomics to investigate the synthesis, modifications and degradations of SMs accumulated in the different seed tissues (i.e. seed coat, endosperm, and embryo) at 6 developmental and 2 germination stages. Our results showed distinct patterns of SMs and their related pathways, highlighting significant contrasts in seed composition and spatial distribution for the defence-related and antinutritional glucosinolate (GSL) compounds among camelina,Arabidopsis thaliana,andBrassica napus,three closely-related Brassicaceae species. Notably, the variation in GSL spatial distributions was primarily driven by differences in their structure and transport mechanisms. Long chain C8-C11 methylsulfinylalkyl GSLs were predominantly accumulated in the seed coat and endosperm, while mid- and short-chain C3-C7 methylsulfinylalkyl GSLs were accumulated in the embryo.Characterizing the spatial dynamics of seed SMs provides valuable insights that can guide the development of crops with optimized distribution of beneficial and toxic metabolites, improving seed nutritional profiles for feed and food.
A Regularized Bayesian Dirichlet-multinomial Regression Model for Integrating Single-cell-level Omics and Patient-level Clinical Study Data
Authors: Guo Yanghong , Yu Lei , Guo Lei , Xu Lin , Li Qiwei 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe abundance of various cell types can vary significantly among patients with varying phenotypes and even those with the same phenotype. Recent scientific advancements provide mounting evidence that other clinical variables, such as age, gender, and lifestyle habits, can also influence the abundance of certain cell types. However, current methods for integrating single-cell-level omics data with clinical variables are inadequate. In this study, we propose a regularized Bayesian Dirichlet-multinomial regression framework to investigate the relationship between single-cell RNA sequencing data and patient-level clinical data. Additionally, the model employs a novel hierarchical tree structure to identify such relationships at different cell-type levels. Our model successfully uncovers significant associations between specific cell types and clinical variables across three distinct diseases: pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, and non-small cell lung cancer. This integrative analysis provides biological insights and could potentially inform clinical interventions for various diseases.
Hyperactive GluN2B impairs neuroplasticity and cognition in phenylketonuria
Authors: Song Woo Seok , Bae Young-Soo , Yoon Sang Ho , Kim Myoung-Hwan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism, is a common cause of intellectual disability. However, the mechanism by which elevated Phe levels causes cognitive impairment remains unclear. Here, we show that submillimolar Phe perturbs synaptic plasticity through the hyperactivation of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. L-Phe exhibited dose-dependent bidirectional effects on NMDA-induced currents, without affecting synaptic NMDARs in hippocampal CA1 neurons. L-Phe-induced hyperactivation of extrasynaptic GluN2B resulted in an activity-dependent downregulation of AMPARs during burst or sustained synaptic activity. Administration of L-Phe in mice decreased neural activity and impaired memory, which were blocked by pretreatment of GluN2B inhibitors. Furthermore, pharmacological and virus-mediated suppression of GluN2B reversed impaired learning in the PahEnu2PKU model. Collectively, these results suggest that the concentration of Phe in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with PKU perturbs extrasynaptic NMDAR and synaptic plasticity, and that suppression of GluN2B may be a therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive function in patients with PKU.
Prioritising Functionally Distinct and Globally Endangered (FuDGE) sharks for conservation action
Authors: Webster Ceri , Barker Joanna , Curnick David , Gollock Matthew , Hansford James , Hoffmann Michael , Pettorelli Nathalie , Turvey Samuel T. , Walkden Patrick A. , Wang Jiaqi , Rosindell James , Gumbs Rikki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRobust species-level methods for quantifying ecological differences have yet to be incorporated into conservation strategies. Here, we describe a new approach to measure the unique contribution of species to overall functional diversity and incorporate it into an actionable conservation metric. The Functionally Distinct and Globally Endangered (FuDGE) metric directs conservation action to species whose extinction would result in significant losses of irreplaceable functional diversity. We apply FuDGE to the world’s sharks and compare it with the phylogeny-based Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) metric to highlight shared and divergent priorities for conservation. Identifying threatened species revealed that functionally distinct species are disproportionately threatened, with 17-24% of extant shark trait space at risk of extinction. We show that exploitation by humans threatens to disproportionately erode shark trait space, with 70% of trait space at risk. We hope our FuDGE metric will be used to guide the conservation of functionally irreplaceable species in the face of human impacts.
The 6-OHDA Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model Shows Deficits in Sensory Behavior
Authors: Linen Savannah R. , Chang Nelson H. , Hess Ellen J. , Stanley Garrett B. , Waiblinger Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to dopamine depletion in the striatum and the hallmark motor symptoms of the disease. However, non-motor deficits, particularly sensory symptoms, often precede motor manifestations, offering a potential early diagnostic window. The impact of non-motor deficits on sensation behavior and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined changes in tactile sensation within a parkinsonian state by employing a mouse model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to deplete striatal DA. Leveraging the conserved mouse whisker system as a model for tactile-sensory stimulation, we conducted psychophysical experiments to assess sensory-driven behavioral performance during a tactile detection task in both the healthy and PD-like state. Our findings reveal a range of deficits across subjects following 6-OHDA lesion, including DA loss, motor asymmetry, weight loss, and varying levels of altered tactile sensation behavior. Behavioral changes ranged from no impairments in minor cases to isolated sensory-behavioral deficits in moderate cases and severe motor dysfunction in advanced stages. These results underscore the complex relationship between DA imbalance and sensory-motor processing, emphasizing the need for precise and multifaceted behavioral measurements to accurately capture the diverse manifestations of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study explores sensory-motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease using a 6-OHDA mouse model. Leveraging the mouse whisker system, we reveal diverse deficits in tactile sensation behavior due to dopamine depletion. Our findings emphasize the importance of sensory assessments in understanding the diverse spectrum of PD symptoms.
Scalable electron tomography for connectomics
Authors: Kuan Aaron T. , Phan Sébastien , Kim Keun-Young , Mackey Mason , Kim Minsu , Peltier Steven T. , Ellisman Mark , Lee Wei-Chung Allen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe demonstrate limited-tilt, serial section electron tomography (ET), which can non-destructively map brain circuits over large 3D volumes and reveal high-resolution, supramolecular details within subvolumes of interest. We show accelerated ET imaging of thick sections (>500 nm) with the capacity to resolve key features of neuronal circuits including chemical synapses, endocytic structures, and gap junctions. Furthermore, we systematically assessed how imaging parameters affect image quality and speed to enable connectomic-scale projects.
The Unique Pt(II)-Induced Nucleolar Stress Response and its Deviation from DNA Damage Response Pathways
Authors: Pigg Hannah C. , Alley Katelyn R. , Griffin Christopher R. , Moon Caleb H. , Kraske Sarah J. , DeRose Victoria J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms of action for the platinum compounds cisplatin and oxaliplatin have yet to be fully elucidated, despite the worldwide use of these drugs. Recent studies suggest that the two compounds may be working through different mechanisms, with cisplatin inducing cell death via the DNA damage response (DDR) and oxaliplatin utilizing a nucleolar stress-based cell death pathway. While cisplatin- induced DDR has been subject to much research, the mechanisms for oxaliplatin’s influence on the nucleolus are not well understood. Prior work has outlined structural parameters for Pt(II) derivatives capable of nucleolar stress induction. In this work, we gain insight into the nucleolar stress response induced by these Pt(II) derivatives by investigating potential correlations between this unique pathway and DDR. Key findings from this study indicate that Pt(II)-induced nucleolar stress occurs when DDR is inhibited and works independently of the ATM/ATR-dependent DDR pathway. We also determine that Pt(II)-induced stress may be linked to the G1 cell cycle phase, as cisplatin can induce nucleolar stress when cell cycle inhibition occurs at the G1/S checkpoint. Finally, we compare Pt(II)-induced nucleolar stress with other small-molecule nucleolar stress-inducing compounds Actinomycin D, BMH-21, and CX-5461, and find that only Pt(II) compounds cause irreversible nucleolar stress. Taken together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of Pt(II)-induced nucleolar stress, its deviation from ATM/ATR- dependent DDR, and the possible influence of cell cycle on the ability of Pt(II) compounds to cause nucleolar stress.
Role of microglia in stress-induced alcohol intake in female and male mice
Authors: Soares Alexa R. , Garcia-Rivas Vernon , Fai Caroline , Thomas Merrilee A. , Zheng Xiaoying , Picciotto Marina R. , Mineur Yann S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have escalated in recent years, with a particular increase among women. Women are more susceptible to stress-induced alcohol drinking, and preclinical data suggest that stress can increase alcohol intake in female rodents; however, a comprehensive understanding of sex-specific neurobiological substrates underlying this phenomenon is still emerging. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, are essential for reshaping neuronal processes, and microglial activity contributes to overall neuronal plasticity. We investigated microglial dynamics and morphology in limbic brain structures of male and female mice following exposure to stress, alcohol or both challenges. In a modified paradigm of intermittent binge drinking (repeated “drinking in the dark”), we determined that female, but not male, mice increased their alcohol consumption after exposure to a physical stressor and re-exposure trials in the stress-paired context. Ethanol (EtOH) drinking and stress altered a number of microglial parameters, including overall number, in subregions of the amygdala and hippocampus, with effects that were somewhat more pronounced in female mice. We used the CSF1R antagonist PLX3397 to deplete microglia in female mice to determine whether microglia contribute to stress-induced escalation of EtOH intake. We observed that microglial depletion attenuated stress-induced alcohol intake with no effect in the unstressed group. These findings suggest that microglial activity can contribute to alcohol intake under stressful conditions, and highlight the importance of evaluating sex-specific mechanisms that could result in tailored interventions for AUD in women.