bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of axonal protein degradation machinery in sympathetic neurons is regulated by nerve growth factor
Authors: Frampton John P. , Guo Chong , Pierchala Brian A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDeficiencies in protein degradation and proteolytic function within neurons are linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases and developmental disorders. Compartmentalized cultures of peripheral neurons were used to investigate the properties and relative abundance of the proteolytic machinery in the axons and cell bodies of sympathetic and sensory neurons. Immunoblotting of axonal proteins demonstrated that LAMP2, LC3, and PSMA2 were abundant in axons, suggesting that lysosomes, autophagosomes and proteasomes were located in axons. Interestingly, the expression of proteins associated with lysosomes and proteasomes were upregulated selectively in axons by NGF stimulation of the distal axons of sympathetic neurons, suggesting that axonal growth and maintenance requires local protein turnover. The regulation of the abundance of both proteasomes and lysosomes in axons by NGF provides a link between protein degradation and the trophic status of peripheral neurons. Inhibition of proteasomes located in axons resulted in an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in these axons. In contrast, lysosome inhibition in axons did not result in an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins or the transferrin receptor, a transmembrane protein degraded by lysosomes. Interestingly, lysosomes were transported both retrogradely and anterogradely, so it is likely that ubiquitinated proteins that are normally destined for degradation by lysosomes in axons can be transported to the cellbodies for degradation. In summary, proteasomal degradation occurs locally, whereas proteins degraded by lysosomes can most likely either be degraded locally in axons or be transported to cell bodies for degradation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synoptic situations of severe local convective storms during the pre‐monsoon season in Bangladesh
Authors: Yamane Yusuke , Hayashi Taiichi , Kiguchi Masashi , Akter Fatima , Dewan Ashraf Mahmmood 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study examines synoptic situations of severe local convective storms (mesoscale severe weather associated with deep convections such as tornado and hail) during the pre‐monsoon season (from March to May) in Bangladesh. We compared composite meteorological fields on severe local convective storm days (SLCSD) with those on non‐severe local convective storm days (NSLCSD). Moisture inflow from the Bay of Bengal is enhanced with intensification of southwesterly wind at 950 hPa on SLCSD compared with NSLCSD. The temperature is higher at 800 hPa over the inland area of the Indian subcontinent including Bangladesh on SLCSD than NSLCSD. At 550 hPa, a trough over Bangladesh develops on SLCSD compared with NSLCSD. This leads to the development of a thermal trough over the inland area of the Indian subcontinent and enhancement of cold advection from the northwest into Bangladesh on SLCSD at this level. This synoptic situation produces great potential instability of the atmosphere in Bangladesh on SLCSD during the pre‐monsoon season. Composite distributions of lifted index, precipitable water and convective available potential energy on SLCSD and NSLCSD over south Asia show distinct differences of these parameters between these two categories with statistical significance especially in and around Bangladesh. These differences indicate that the atmospheric environment has great potential instability especially in and around Bangladesh on SCLSD under the synoptic situations shown in this study. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Preparation of dissolvable albumin stents for vascular anastomosis with a 1.9 µm laser and in vitro mechanical strength assessments
Authors: McCargar Reid , Jenson Kari , Dayton Amanda , Murphy Katrina , Xie Hua , Prahl Scott A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionWe present a clinically relevant method for producing and sterilizing dissolvable albumin stents to provide intraluminal support during vascular anastomosis, and a method for photothermally soldering vessels using a 1.9 µm diode laser with a 200‐µm spot size, albumin solder, and water as the chromophore. Our aim in this study was to assess the mechanical integrity of soldered vessels, and to determine if gamma‐irradiation affected the solubility of the stents.Materials and MethodsThe axial tensile strength and burst pressure of 3.75 ± 0.3 mm inner‐diameter vessels soldered with varied swath width (1–7 mm), laser power (430–610 mW), solder concentration (22–46%w/w), and solder layering (1–3 layers) was tested in vitro. Stent dissolution was monitored by weight in blood, and with UV absorbance measurements in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Solubility was measured for stents sterilized by 25 kGy gamma‐irradiation, and stents with varied diameter and wall thickness.ResultsOptimized soldering parameters yielded tensile strengths of 4.4 ± 1.2 N and burst pressures of 400 ± 90 mm Hg with stay sutures. Differences in stent solubility in blood and PBS were not statistically significant (p = 0.99). Sterilization by 25 kGy gamma‐irradiation did not cause significant changes (p > 0.6) in stent solubility, which was primarily volume‐dependent. Under simulated intravascular flow conditions, 3 mm stents dissolved completely with 2.7 ± 0.7 ml/mg.ConclusionsThe results show that fast‐dissolving stents can be produced reliably using the extrusion technique, and sterilized by gamma‐irradiation. Without stay sutures, soldered vessels exhibited low tensile strength, but burst pressures comparable to sutured vessels. It was concluded that stay sutures would be necessary in vivo due to degradation of the tensile strength of soldered vessels with exposure to moisture. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:330–338, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multifunctionalized CMCht/PAMAM Dendrimer Nanoparticles Modulate the Cellular Uptake by Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes in Primary Cultures of Glial Cells
Authors: Cerqueira Susana R. , Silva Bárbara L. , Oliveira Joaquim M. , Mano João F. , Sousa Nuno , Salgado António J. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe efficiency of the treatments involving CNS disorders is commonly diminished by the toxicity, reduced stability and lack of targeting of the administered neuroactive compounds. In this study, we have successfully multifunctionalized CMCht/PAMAM dendrimer nanoparticles by coupling the CD11b antibody and loading MP into the nanoparticles. The modification of the new antibody‐conjugated nanoparticles was confirmed by S‐TEM observation and 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the conjugates did not affect the viability of both primary cultures of glial and microglial cells. Trace analyses of FITC‐labelled nanoparticles revealed that the uptake of antibody‐conjugated nanoparticles was conserved in microglial cells but significantly decreased in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Thus, this study demonstrates that antibody conjugation contributes to a modulation of the internalization of these nanocarriers by different cell types, which might be of relevance for specific targeting of CNS cell populations.magnified image
Poly(ethyleneimine)‐Mediated Large‐Scale Transient Gene Expression: Influence of Molecular Weight, Polydispersity and N‐Propionyl Groups
Authors: Kadlecova Zuzana , Nallet Sophie , Hacker David L. , Baldi Lucia , Klok Harm‐Anton , Wurm Florian M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree synthesis lots of linear poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) are compared to a fully hydrolyzed linear PEI (commercially available as PEI “Max”) regarding structure, polyplex formation with plasmid DNA, and transfection of suspension‐adapted HEK‐293E cells. PEI “Max” binds DNA more efficiently than the other PEIs, but it is the least effective in terms of transient recombinant protein yield. One PEI lot is fractionated by means of SEC. The fractions of high‐$\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ PEI are the most efficient for complex formation and transfection. Nevertheless, the highest transient recombinant protein yields are achieved with unfractionated PEI. The results demonstrate that the polydispersity and charge density of linear PEI are important parameters for gene delivery to suspension‐adapted HEK‐293E cells.magnified image
Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors Incorporating Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Bedford Erin E. , Spadavecchia Jolanda , Pradier Claire‐Marie , Gu Frank X. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSPR biosensing is increasingly popular for the detection of a multitude of biomolecules. It offers label‐free detection and study of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules in real time. A recent trend involves incorporation of AuNPs, either within the sensing surface itself or as signal enhancing tagging molecules. The importance of AuNP and detecting agent spacing is described and techniques using macromolecular spacing aids are highlighted. Recent methods to enhance SPR detection capabilities using gold nanoparticles are reviewed, as well as device fabrication and the results of incorporation. SPR detection is a highly versatile method for the detection of biomolecules and, with the incorporation of AuNPs, shows promise in extending it to a number of new applications.magnified image
Construction of a Microstructured Collagen Membrane Mimicking the Papillary Dermis Architecture and Guiding Keratinocyte Morphology and Gene Expression
Authors: Lammers Gerwen , Roth Günter , Heck Mathias , Zengerle Roland , Tjabringa G. Sandra , Versteeg Elly M. , Hafmans Theo , Wismans Ronnie , Reinhardt Dieter P. , Verwiel Eugene T. P. , Zeeuwen Patrick L. J. M. , Schalkwijk Joost , Brock Roland , Daamen Willeke F. , van Kuppevelt Toin H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA papillary‐structured collagen fibril membrane is created, mimicking the 3D‐architecture of the human papillary dermis. Primary human keratinocytes cultured to confluency on papillar‐structured films are compared to keratinocytes cultured on flat membranes. Microscopical evaluation reveals the presence of morphologically distinct cells at the base of the papillar structures that are not observed on flat membranes. Gene expression microarrays and RT‐qPCR indicate that these cells are in a more proliferative/migrational state, whereas cells on flat membranes have a more differentiated expression profile. Immunohistochemical stainings confirm these results. In conclusion, specific collagen architecture can direct keratinocyte behavior, and this may be used to further improve skin regeneration.magnified image
Analysis of Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates Regarding Chain Length and Endgroups by MALDI‐TOF MS Using Collision‐Induced Dissociation
Authors: Mass Valentina , Rode Karsten , Rittig Frank , Ostrowski Thomas , Pasch Harald 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMALDI‐TOF MS is used to analyze the chain lengths and endgroups of fatty alcohol ethoxylates based on the fragmentation behavior in collision‐induced dissociation. MALDI‐CID‐TOF2 of the ethoxylates results in complex fragmentation patterns that mirror the fragmentation of the ethylene oxide oligomer chain and the fatty alocohol endgroups. Characteristic fragment patterns are obtained that facilitate the interpretation of the fragmentation behavior of the fatty alcohol ethoxylates. Linear and branched endgroups can be differentiated and specific fragments are identified that are characteristic for the cleavage between the polymer chain and the endgroup. These “marker” fragments are used to determine the oligomer chain length and the number of carbons per endgroup.
Synthesis of Polyethylene Containing Allene Groups: A Simple and Efficient Route to Functional Polyethylene
Authors: Hong Miao , Li Yanguo , Li Baixiang , Li Yuesheng 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAllene groups are first employed as the reactive moiety in the simple and efficient synthesis of well‐defined functional polyethylene. By copolymerization of ethylene with allene group substituted norbornene, the allene group is successfully introduced into the polyethylene with a high content. The retained allene groups are demonstrated to be highly reactive in following photoinduced functionalized reactions and can be efficiently converted into the functional groups without the multi‐step, time consuming processes that have generally been required in previous reports, providing the side group‐functionalized polyethylene with a wide range of functional group content.
Novel dual‐band design of planar slot array antenna for 4G LTE/WiMAX access points
Authors: Lu Jui‐Han , Liu Yen‐Hung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article proposes a novel planar dual‐band slot array antenna with high‐gain operation for Long Term Evolution (LTE)/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) point. The impedance bandwidth, determined from VSWR ≤ 2.0, can reach about 18.3/14.6% (475/510 MHz) for the 2.6/3.5 GHz operating bands, respectively, which is covering the bandwidth specification for LTE (2.5–2.7 GHz) and WiMAX (3.3–3.7 GHz) system. The proposed slot array antenna also provides maximum peak antenna gains and efficiencies of 13.9/14.1 dBi and 86.5/73.5% across 2.6/3.5 GHz bands, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1193–1196, 2012
Small‐size LTE/WWAN coupled‐fed loop antenna with band‐stop matching circuit for tablet computer
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Wu Tsung‐Ju 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBy combining the use of a coupling feed and a band‐stop matching circuit, the proposed small‐size loop antenna for the tablet computer application can operate at its quarter‐wavelength mode as the lowest resonant mode and provide two wide operating bands (704–960 and 1710–2690 MHz) to cover the eight‐band LTE/WWAN operation (LTE700/GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 bands).The loop antenna comprises a T‐shape radiating feed, a coupled shorted strip, an antenna ground, and a band‐stop matching circuit on the antenna ground. The antenna's metal pattern includes a printed pattern on a thin FR4 substrate of planar size 10 × 55 mm2 and a metal strip of size 4 × 55 mm2 formed a part of the coupled shorted strip and connected orthogonally to the printed pattern. The antenna's occupied volume and the required length of 55 mm along the top edge of the display ground are both the smallest among the internal LTE/WWAN antenna for the tablet or laptop computers that have been reported for the present. Detailed operating principle of the proposed antenna including the effects of the coupling feed using the T‐shape radiating feed and the band‐stop matching circuit for bandwidth enhancement is discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1189–1193, 2012
Simulation and experiment of erbium/ytterbium co‐doped double‐clad fiber amplifier
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Ning Jiping , Han Qun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe “eye‐safe” waveband infrared laser radiation with wavelength of around 1.5 μm has extensive applications in communication, medical care, remote control, etc. An erbium/ytterbium co‐doped double clad fiber amplifier operating at 1.5‐μm wavelength is studied in this article. Theory models, which include calculation of amplified spontaneous emission powers, is built on rate equations describing the energy level transition and intercross transfer, and power propagation equations. Influence of gain fiber length and input signal power on amplifier's output power is analyzed and the amplifier's optimal parameters are derived via simulations. The laser's power spectrums after amplification are found to be satisfactory. An experiment of erbium/ytterbium doped fiber amplifier is also performed. A set of input–output power curves with varying pump powers are measured, which confirm our theoretical analysis. A highest output power of 1.33 W is achieved in the experiment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1332–1335, 2012
Application of the Numerical Fractionation Approach to the Design of Biofunctional PEG Hydrogel Membranes
Authors: Kizilel Riza , Kizilel Seda 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA mathematical model is described for surface‐initiated photopolymerization of PEG‐DA forming crosslinked biofunctional PEG hydrogel membranes based on the NF technique. The model includes an additional monomer with biological functionality, which is a common experimental strategy for the design of ECM mimics in tissue engineering in order to direct signaling pathways, and considers concentration‐dependent VP propagation and reaction diffusion termination. The influence of these features on the crosslink density of the soluble and gel phases, the progression through gelation, sol/gel fraction, and molecular weight distribution of biofunctional PEG hydrogel are studied using the NF model. This model may be useful for specific applications of tissue engineering.magnified image
Amphiphilic Poly(4‐acryloylmorpholine)/Poly[2‐(N‐carbazolyl)ethyl acrylate] Random and Block Copolymers Synthesized by NMP
Authors: Savelyeva Xeniya , Lessard Benoît H. , Marić Milan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA series of random copolymers and block copolymers containing water‐soluble 4AM and fluorescent VAK are synthesized by NMP. The homopolymerizations of 4AM and VAK and 4AM/VAK random copolymerization are performed in 50 wt% DMF using 10 mol% SG1, resulting in a linear increase in $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ versus conversion, and final polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions ($\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} /\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ < 1.4). Reactivity ratios rVAK = 0.64 ± 0.52 and r4AM = 0.86 ± 0.66 are obtained for the 4AM/VAK random copolymerization. In addition, a poly(4AM) macroinitiator is used to initiate a surfactant‐free suspension polymerization of VAK. After 2.5 h, the resulting amphiphilic block copolymer has $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 12.6 kg · mol−1, $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} /\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ = 1.48, molar composition FVAK = 0.38 with latex particle sizes between 270 and 475 nm.magnified image
What are the best outcome measures when assessing treatments for LUTD?—achieving the most out of outcome evaluation: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Cotterill N. , Goldman H. , Kelleher Con , Kopp Zoe , Tubaro Andrea , Brubaker Linda 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA think tank was convened at the third ICI‐RS meeting held in the UK, June 2011, to consider the best outcome measures when assessing treatments for lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Given the vast array of measures available a focus on questionnaires was decided upon, which continued to highlight a plethora of available tools. The decision was therefore taken to approach this topic from an alternative perspective and instead ask the audience of gathered experts in this field to consider, “What we need to ask as a minimum in order to capture the most fundamental parameters when evaluating new treatments for LUTD?” Discussions highlighted the need for inclusion of a global measure in all outcome evaluations in order to increase comparability between different treatment evaluations and different populations. More specific categories of evaluation identified were: treatment satisfaction, symptom quantification, health related quality of life and adverse events. Further optional components were identified for inclusion where relevant, such as health economic, goal setting and psychosocial evaluation. A “Minimum Outcome Set for Testing (MOST)” was therefore proposed by selecting a health outcome measure from each category while not being prescriptive about specific outcome measurement selection. The ‘MOST’ toolkit is therefore proposed to promote standardized evaluation in this field and represents a useful starting point for further consideration of this concept. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:400–403, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Should we screen for and treat lower urinary tract dysfunction after major pelvic surgery?: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Bosch J.L.H. Ruud , Norton Peggy , Jones J. Stephen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsGiven the relative frequency of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) after major pelvic surgery, the main question for this debate is: “Should we [actively] screen for LUTD after major pelvic surgery,” with the intention to treat and improve patient care.MethodsThe discussants selected relevant papers from a limited review of the literature [PubMed/Medline database (January 1966 to May 2011)] and prepared the YES versus NO presentations.ResultsThe evidence was presented for the following major pelvic procedures: colorectal surgery, hysterectomy, and surgery for other benign gynecologic conditions, radical prostatectomy, brachytherapy, and primary cryotherapy for prostate cancer. Based on the presentations, the audience voted in favor of screening for LUTD after major pelvic surgery.ConclusionsIrreversible treatment should be delayed in case of LUTD after major pelvic surgery. In fact, most symptoms spontaneously subside within 6 months after the surgery. Once the period of 6–12 months of conservative management has been completed and if LUTD persists, a new urodynamic screening should be followed by appropriate treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:327–329, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does diabetes mellitus‐induced bladder remodeling affect lower urinary tract function?: ICI‐RS 2011
Authors: Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Daneshgari Firouz , Vahabi Bahareh , Birder Lori , Oelke Matthias , Chacko Samuel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsDue to an increase in aging population and changing eating habits diabetes mellitus (DM) type II is a rapidly increasing condition worldwide. Although not so detrimental as other co‐morbidities, uropathy contributes to a significantly reduced quality‐of‐life in those affected. The purpose of this ICS‐RS report is to highlight clinical and basic research data to outline directions for further research and possible treatment approaches.MethodsThis report is based on a think tank presentation and discussion at the ICI‐RS 2011, original research data and literature research.ResultsClinical and experimental data confirm that detrusor overactivity, both neurogenic and myogenic, and changes in transmitter regulation leading to a hyper‐ excitability of the detrusor are the major findings in diabetic neuropathic bladders. These findings seem to be related to an earlier stage of DM, whereas detrusor underactivity appears to be linked to later stages of DM. Detrusor smooth muscle cells seem to be modulated directly by hyperglycemia. Data support the theory that hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress in the detrusor smooth muscle and that micro‐ and macrovascular events are also responsible for urologic complications of DM.ConclusionsDM causes bladder remodelling leading to uropathy in a mulitfactorial way. Future research should focus on the effects of DM as a function of time and develop novel animal models looking at defined aspects as well as interaction of different aspects‐ such as oxidative stress in neurogenic, myogenic and urothelial components and the role of inflammation and hypoxia caused by vascular complications. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:359–364, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A generalized structured doubling algorithm for the numerical solution of linear quadratic optimal control problems
Authors: Mehrmann Volker , Poloni Federico 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYWe propose a generalization of the structured doubling algorithm to compute invariant subspaces of structured matrix pencils that arise in the context of solving linear quadratic optimal control problems. The new algorithm is designed to attain better accuracy when the classical Riccati equation approach for the solution of the optimal control problem is not well suited because the stable and unstable invariant subspaces are not well separated (because of eigenvalues near or on the imaginary axis) or in the case when the Riccati solution does not exist at all. We analyze the convergence of the method and compare the new method with the classical structured doubling algorithm as well as some structured QR methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.