bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sawtooth oscillations on fast ions in a stellarator
Authors: Moseev D. , Zanini M. , Kasahara H. , Laqua H.P. , Funaba H. , Hayashi W.H.J. , Heidbrink W. , Ida K. , Igami H. , Kawamoto Y. , Kenmochi N. , Lazerson S.A. , Nishiura M. , Ochoukov R. , Ogawa K. , Rud M. , Salewski M. , Seki T. , Tamura N. , Tanaka K. , Tokuzawa T. , Yoshinuma M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sawtooth oscillations in tokamaks frequently lead to the redistribution of energetic ions, mainly on passing orbits, causing their expulsion from the core. This paper discusses the first measurements of the interaction of fast ions and sawteeth in the Large Helical Device. The crashes were caused by the plasma current induced by Electron Cyclotron Current Drive and Neutral Beam Current Drive. Despite these crashes, there was no detectable redistribution effect on fast ions in either the core or at the edge of the plasma.
Multi-core shared tree based MP2MP RWA algorithms in large scale and multi-domain optical networks
Authors: Xiao Zhanding , Zheng Bo , Xia Jinghui , Zhao Zongqu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The increasing demands of bandwidth-intensive parallel computing and collaborative applications, efficient service provisioning to support multipoint to multipoint (MP2MP) communications have attracted increasing attention. However, with the development of larger-scale and multi-domain optical networks, MP2MP RWA are introduced optimal domain sequence selection and core nodes belong to which domains problems which cannot be tackled by the conventional algorithms proposed aim at a signal domain. In this paper, we proposed a multi-core node shared multicast tree heuristic algorithm (MCSMT) which calculation could be parallelized, delay and minimal cost constrained for multi-domain optical networks. It could realize the accurate calculation of minimum number of cores and the hosted domains of the cores. The source and destination nodes were added in different shared trees respectively with delay constrained algorithms according to specific QoS selection strategy. At the same time, according to more complicated MP2MP algorithms we propose a PCE-cloud based control architecture for optical networks by applying the cloud computing technology (e.g. virtualization and parallel computing) to reform the control plane for improving system reliability, intelligence and maximizing resource utilization. The performances of the proposed heuristic with regard to the number of multi-core nodes, wavelength channel occupied and MP2MP setup latency are compared. In addition, the performance about path computing latency for PCE-cloud control architecture is compared with conversional control architecture.
Research on Intelligent Supervision System and Terminal for Small Sluice Group
Authors: Shen Bing , Tu Jiajia , Wang Changguo , Huang Xiaobin , Zhang Yongchao , Xiang Weihua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As a conventional water conservancy project, small water gates play a crucial role in flood prevention and drainage, water storage and irrigation. In response to the problems of a large number, wide distribution, and difficult management of small water gates, this article proposes an intelligent supervision system for small water gate groups based on the three-level architecture of provinces, cities, and counties. Then, according to the requirements of small water gate supervision, the hardware circuit and software program of the monitoring terminal were specially designed. The main content of this article includes three aspects: the provincial, city, and county level design of regulatory platforms, the modular and hierarchical structure design of terminal hardware, and the standardization and standardization design of terminal software. It provides a solution for the intelligent, efficient, and standardized management of small water gate groups, as well as a low-cost, reliable, and versatile monitoring terminal for the implementation of the solution. It has positive significance in solving the management difficulties of small water gates.
All-in-SAM: from Weak Annotation to Pixel-wise Nuclei Segmentation with Prompt-based Finetuning
Authors: Cui Can , Deng Ruining , Liu Quan , Yao Tianyuan , Bao Shunxing , Remedios Lucas W. , Landman Bennett A. , Tang Yucheng , Huo Yuankai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a recently proposed prompt-based segmentation model in a generic zero-shot segmentation approach. With the zero-shot segmentation capacity, SAM achieved impressive flexibility and precision on various segmentation tasks. However, the current pipeline requires manual prompts during the inference stage, which is still resource intensive for biomedical image segmentation. In this paper, instead of using prompts during the inference stage, we introduce a pipeline that utilizes the SAM, called all-in-SAM, through the entire AI development workflow (from annotation generation to model finetuning) without requiring manual prompts during the inference stage. Specifically, SAM is first employed to generate pixel-level annotations from weak prompts (e.g., points, bounding box). Then, the pixel-level annotations are used to finetune the SAM segmentation model rather than training from scratch. Our experimental results reveal two key findings: 1) the proposed pipeline surpasses the state-of-the-art methods in a nuclei segmentation task on the public Monuseg dataset, and 2) the utilization of weak and few annotations for SAM finetuning achieves competitive performance compared to using strong pixelwise annotated data.
Recent University Research, Implementation and Education in Support of Pyrometallurgical Lead Processing
Authors: Jak Evgueni , Shevchenko Maksym , Shishin Denis , Nekhoroshev Evgenii , Starykh Roman , Chen Jiang , Hayes Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The increasing chemical complexity of lead process streams encountered in industrial high temperature processing operations, as the result of declining primary resources, increased metal recycling and increased overall range of metals in modern devices has highlighted the urgent need for new predictive tools, fundamental phase equilibria and thermodynamic information and thermodynamic models to characterise the chemical behaviour of these systems. The paper examines recent progress in experimental and thermodynamic modelling research on process fundamentals, the availability of advanced, predictive computer-based tools and the implementation of the research outcomes into industrial practice. A wide range of chemical systems and phase assemblages have been studied. Some examples are taken from the current research program at PYROSEARCH, which involves the characterisation of multi-component, multi-phase gas-slag-matte-speiss-metal-solids systems with the PbO-ZnO-“Cu2O”-FeO-Fe2O3-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2-S as major and As-Sn-Sb-Bi-Ag-Au-Ni-Co-Cr-Na as minor elements with focus on systems directly relevant to lead primary and recycling pyrometallurgical processes. Examples of the application of advanced analytical techniques to fundamental and applied industrial research are also given. The implementation of new research outcomes into industrial practice depends critically on commitments by research staff as well as industry management and the availability of well-trained metallurgical engineers. We examine the current status of research implementation, university research, metallurgical engineering education and the availability of suitable educational pathways and initiatives that can be taken to increase undergraduate enrolments. Active engagement and support by industry is critical in ensuring the continuation of academic programs and advanced technical skills required by the industry.
Analysis of bioleaching characteristics and multi-element dissolution behavior of complex zinc ores
Authors: Li Jiafeng , Qiu Xuemin , Qiu Xiaobin , Zhou Guili 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In order to recover low-grade complex zinc ore in a reasonable way, this study adopts bioleaching method to study it. The ore samples contain 1.52%, 2.03% and 14.4% zinc, respectively, which occurs in the form of sphalerite. Other major minerals include pyrite, galena, quartz and mica. The inoculation of the domesticated strain was basically free of adaptation period, and the cell concentration could be rapidly increased after a short decrease. The leaching extent of zinc increased continuously, while the leaching rate decreased gradually. After the bioleaching process, sliver, lead and iron were mainly present in the residue phase. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis showed that sphalerite, galena and pyrite were dissolved, and the latter two further precipitated to produce PbSO4 and jarosite. In addition, the dissolution of calcium compounds can lead to the formation of gypsum precipitation. These precipitates covered the fresh ore surface may hinder the further bioleaching process. The Exponential model was used to simulate the bioleaching process, and it was found that the fit coefficients were all greater than 0.98, and a reasonable leaching cycle was further discussed. The results provide a good basis for the economic and environmentally friendly recovery of low-grade complex zinc ores.
Recycling potential of secondary zinc materials
Authors: Leeuwen Martin van , Gay Bruno , Grund Sabina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Circularity is a decisive corner stone of a sustainable use of raw materials. This has been recognized at global level and is pushed forward specifically in Europe and e.g., Japan. Based on intensive desk top research and interviews with experts from the zinc industry, information on secondary raw materials for zinc recovery was compiled. This paper comprises of an overview of zinc bearing wastes, residues, and by-products occurring in all stages of zinc mining, production, as well as first-use and end-use production. These materials are quantified and characterized, and ways of recycling are described.
As a result, potentials for an increase of zinc recycling rates are identified. Mine tailings are a meaningful resource for zinc recovery. Industrial wastes occurring in zinc smelters, such as Jarosite, Goethite, and their likes are in the scope of research projects aiming at recycling zinc and other valuable metals. Residues, ashes, drosses, slags that are produced in first use operation of the zinc value chain, such as galvanizing, zinc die casting, or brass plants are recycled almost completely in Europe and in many other regions in the world. The biggest potential for increasing recycling rates for zinc still lies in steel mill dusts. Also, the majority of zinc die cast parts seem to end up in waste incineration and dump sites. This low end-of-life zinc recycling rate bears room for additional recycling opportunities via an improvement of the intelligent collection and sorting of waste and other innovative recycling processes utilizing residues from waste-to-energy plants.
Production increase of high-grade crude zinc oxide pellets at Shisaka Smelting Co., Ltd.
Authors: Egawa S. , Takaya S. , Yamamoto K. , Fujiyama H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Shisaka Smelting Co., Ltd. has recovered crude zinc oxide pellets from an electric arc furnace dust (EAF dust) by the Waelz kiln process since 1977. The EAF dust processing line consists of a reduction roasting process, a Waelz oxide washing process, and a drying/calcination process. In late years, about 90,000 tons of EAF dust is processed annually at Shisaka. The recovered zinc is sold to zinc smelters as crude zinc oxide pellets, and the amount of production of the pellets is about 40,000 tons per year. Two types of zinc oxide pellets are produced, and the product for electro-refinery requires high quality, especially in fluorine reduction. Most of fluorine are distributed to the clinker in a reduction roasting process, and others are distributed to the Waelz oxide. Conventionally, high-grade crude zinc oxide pellets were produced by washing the Waelz oxide and by volatilizing and separating fluorine under high temperature operation in a drying rotary kiln. However, formation of accretion in the kiln and damage of the shell and refractories of the kiln often occurred under the influence of high temperature operation, and stable consecutive operation of the kiln was difficult.
To improve this situation, the fluorine input was reduced by compounding management of EAF dust in the reduction roasting process, and the material residence time in the drying rotary kiln was extended by reducing rotary speed. These improvements resulted in stable consecutive operation under low temperature conditions and increased production of high-grade crude zinc oxide pellets. To improve this situation, the fluorine input was reduced by compounding management of EAF dust in the reduction roasting process, and the material residence time in the drying rotary kiln was extended by reducing rotary speed. These improvements resulted in stable consecutive operation under low temperature conditions and increased production of high-grade crude zinc oxide pellets.
The phase structure, transitions, and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Zn2V2O7 glass
Authors: Li Zhuoyang , Pei Guishang , Jiao Mengjiao , Li Yongda , Zhang Ningyu , Lv Xuewei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Zn2V2O7 glass was prepared by solid-state reaction using the initial reactant ZnO and V2O5 powder. X-ray diffraction was employed to characterize the phase composition of the as-prepared Zn2V2O7 powder. The crystallization kinetics of Zn2V2O7 glass prepared by solid-state reaction was studied using differential thermal analysis under non-isothermal conditions. It was established that the crystallization process of Zn2V2O7 can be divided into two steps, which is controlled first by a Disc-like with kinetic equation G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]1/3
and then by a Fibril-type growth type with kinetic equation G(α)=[1-(1-α)1/3]1/2
. The apparent activation energy calculated by different methods (Kissinger method, Ozawa method, Tang method, and Starink method) under non-isothermal conditions were similar, varying between 335.6 kJ·mol−1 and 371.6 kJ·mol−1, and the average apparent activation energy was equal to 362.2 kJ·mol−1.
Formation and propagation characteristics of pseudo-wavefronts of optical polarization states signal inside OPGW under lightning strikes
Authors: Zhao Mengshi , Li Tao , Yin Qi , Fu Shijie , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lightning strikes on Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wires (OPGW) result in a phenomenon where the current traveling wave along the OPGW’s outer stranding propagates faster than the optical signals inside the fiber. This leads to the emergence of pseudo-wavefronts ahead of the optical polarization state signal after lightning strikes OPGW, introducing errors in lightning point localization based on the optical polarization state. This paper investigates the formation and propagation characteristics of pseudo-wavefronts. The study employs theoretical analysis and simulation to examine the process of optical polarization state formation during OPGW lightning strikes. Additionally, it conducts comparative analyses between laboratory-simulated OPGW lightning strikes and field measurements obtained from OPGW lightning monitoring systems. The results affirm the existence of the proposed pseudo-wavefront phenomenon, which substantially impacts the precision of lightning point localization. Notably, the duration of pseudo-wavefront effects increases with greater distance from the lightning point and higher lightning current amplitudes. These findings raise questions regarding the suitability of traditional wavefront calibration methods based on the traveling wave approach. This research contributes valuable insights for the practical implementation of lightning point localization methodologies relying on OPGW self-sensing technology.
CFD analysis of the complex japanese pufferfish nest
Authors: Dai Jialan , Zare-Behtash Hossein , Dai Chuanbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Existing research on the pufferfish species (Torquigener Albomaculosus) has shown that its nest structure has a certain impact on flow velocity. This study aims to investigate the nest-building behavior by using different materials. A 3D model will be created based on nest geometry, and 2D simulations will be conducted by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Furthermore, the study examines the nest’s fluid dynamics characteristics in its original state, with varied materials and heights. Results demonstrate that the nest reduces flow velocity, adapts to external flow conditions, and enhances shear strength with rough materials. Additionally, nest height affects internal circulation area and pressure. This unique structure protects the spawning area, improves oxygen transport, and strengthens the nest. The study further expands biomimetic engineering applications and suggests future interdisciplinary research directions.
Multi-Objective set point optimization control of grate cooler considering energy efficiency evaluation
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Yong , Ye Lei , Tao Jie , Chu Biao , Zhang Hongtu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The grate cooler is a key piece of equipment for cooling cement clinker, whose parameter adjustment has a notable influence on energy consumption and equipment operation. This article proposes a multi-objective set-point optimization control method for the grate cooler control system, which takes into account energy efficiency evaluation. Based on the energy efficiency analysis of the grate cooler, the secondary air temperature, tertiary air temperature, and outlet clinker temperature are used as energy efficiency evaluation indicators, and a grate cooler energy efficiency evaluation model is established to construct a multi-objective function. After that, the grate pressure set point and fan current set point are optimized by utilizing the MOEA/D algorithm, and the predictive control method is combined to perform rolling optimization of the control parameters. Eventually, a simulation experiment is conducted based on the actual production data, and the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimized control method.
Research on optimal power flow of AC/DC hybrid system for civil more electric aircraft
Authors: An Wenjing , Yang Yuanchao , Wu Geyi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Modern civil more electric aircraft often use AC/DC systems instead of AC systems to reduce the weight of the power system. Compared with the AC/DC system of the land power grid, the aircraft power system needs to pursue economic operation mode under more complex security constraints. This paper establishes the optimal power flow model of the AC/DC hybrid system of more electric aircraft, which takes minimizing the active power loss of the line as the optimization objective, including the steady-state operation constraints and security constraints of the AC/DC system. The interior point method and prediction correction interior point method are used to solve the model. Then, based on the simplified steady-state model of the B787 power system, the model and algorithm are verified by experiments. The experimental results show that by optimizing the power flow distribution of the power system, the power utilization efficiency of the system has been significantly improved, and its stability and reliability can also be better guaranteed.
Short-term load prediction with LSTM and FCNN models Based on attention mechanisms
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Wang Zhijie , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To address the significant load prediction discrepancies in microgrid economic dispatch, which result from substantial load fluctuations, a method for near-term load forecasting leveraging the attention mechanism is proposed, utilizing both LSTM and FCNN models. In this method, the attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the LSTM model’s ability to recognize and utilize key information, and the LSTM is used to process historical load data with time continuity selected by a sliding window, whereas the FCNN is used to process daily static features, such as the day’s maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and weather conditions. The outputs of the two networks are subsequently fused into a fully connected layer to generate the final load forecast. Training leverages six months of actual power load values and regional meteorological factor data. The forecast outcomes are then evaluated against both traditional and machine learning algorithms. The experimental findings highlight the superior prediction accuracy of the proposed model.
Design of planar comb-driven MEMS torsional mirror
Authors: Nie Shengwei , Zhai Leiying , Zhao Liyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The MEMS torsional mirror is an important MEMS optical device, and its related applications are very wide, including LiDAR, projection equipment, optical communication, and so on. At present, the electrostatically driven MEMS torsional mirror mainly adopts a vertical comb driver to achieve torsional motion, which has some disadvantages such as a complicated manufacturing process, low yield, and high driving voltage. In this paper, a novel MEMS torsional mirror structure is proposed, which provides flexible elastic constraint points for the torsional mirror with the bottom support rod structure as the center, and relies on the combination of planar comb and support rod to form a tie rod structure to achieve torsion, and achieves a torsion Angle of ±15.55° under the driving voltage of 65 V. The use of a planar comb instead of a vertical comb greatly reduces the difficulty of manufacturing. Finally, it is verified that the system stability is good, the correlation drift does not affect the results within the range, the fifth-order modes are within the reasonable range, and the maximum stress is 671 MPa, which is controlled within the range of fracture stress of silicon material.
Preparation of fine-grain aluminum alloy by spinning method and its corrosion resistance test
Authors: Yu Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Due to the lack of shear resistance, the implanted materials in the aluminum alloy will lead to obvious wear. The emergence of fine-grained aluminum alloy materials can perfectly solve the above problems. Therefore, in this paper, the fine-grain aluminum alloy material is prepared by the spinning method, and the corrosion resistance test is carried out. The experimental results show that there is no significant difference in weight loss and surface morphology between aluminum alloy and fine-grain aluminum alloy immersed in normal saline and D-Hand’s solution for 30 days. The experimental results show that the fine-grained aluminum alloy has the basic conditions for in vivo implantation, which lays a foundation for the development of a new generation of in vivo implantation materials.
Optimization of swash plate multistage compressor based on dynamics
Authors: Liu Yongguang , Tong Saisai , Gao Xiaohui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The swash plate compressor can provide high-pressure gas through multistage compression using its different cylinders, which is an ideal structure for high-pressure compressor miniaturization. The swash plate multistage compressor (SPMC) with variable sections cylinder and inter-stage cooler is proposed and its complex structure results in complex multi-body dynamics and thermodynamics. To research the dynamic characteristics of SPMC, the dynamic model of SPMC is established, which includes the thermodynamics of compression and inter-stage cooler and the dynamics of all the check valves and pistons. The optimization objective function considering the dynamic characteristics and efficiency is proposed. The constraint conditions and sensitivity of the optimized parameters are studied and the final parameters are achieved through an optimization algorithm. Based on the above work, it can be found that the optimization way has high convergence and accuracy, and the comprehensive performance of SPMC is improved significantly.