bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of hepatitis B virus infection for liver cancer screening in China: A population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Yongjie , Xia Changfa , Li He , Cao Maomao , Yang Fan , Li Qianru , Cao Mengdi , Chen Wanqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. The target population for HCC screening comprises individuals who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, current data on the prevalence of HBV infection among individuals who are eligible for HCC screening in China are lacking. We aimed to assess the seroepidemiology of HBV infection among Chinese individuals eligible for HCC screening to provide the latest evidence for appropriate HCC screening strategies in China.Methods:Questionnaires including information of sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, educational level, source of drinking water, as well as smoking and alcohol consumption history and serum samples were collected from females aged 45–64 years and males aged 35–64 years in 21 counties from 4 provinces in eastern and central China between 2015 and 2023. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to detect the serum HBV marker HBsAg.Results:A total of 603,082 individuals were enrolled, and serum samples were collected for analysis from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023. The prevalence of HBsAg positive in the study population was 5.23% (31,528/603,082). The prevalence of HBsAg positive was greater in males than in females (5.60% [17,660/315,183]vs. 4.82% [13,868/287,899], χ2 = 187.52,P <0.0001). The elderly participants exhibited a greater prevalence of HBV infection than younger participants (χ2 = 41.73,P <0.0001). Birth cohort analysis revealed an overall downward trend in HBV prevalence for both males and females. Individuals born in more recent cohorts exhibited a lower prevalence of HBV infection as compared to those born earlier.Conclusions:The current prevalence of HBV infection remains above 5% in populations eligible for HCC screening in China. Further efforts should be made to increase the accessibility of HCC screening among individuals with HBV infection.
Meta-Analysis of 5-Fraction Preoperative Radiotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Mayo Zachary S. , Fan Cong , Jia Xuefei , Parker Sean M. , Kocsis Jenna , Shah Chirag S. , Scott Jacob G. , Campbell Shauna R. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Studies investigating preoperative 5-fraction radiation therapy (RT) for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are limited. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of this treatment paradigm.

Methods:
This study-level meta-analysis was conducted using Bayesian methods. Statistical estimation for risk of outcome rates was conducted by posterior mean and 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. Studies with 2-year local control (LC) and description of major wound complications (MWC) per the CAN-NCIC-SR2 study were included and served as the primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included rates of acute and late toxicity. A total of 10 studies were identified and 7 met the inclusion criteria. Subgroup analyses were performed for ≥30 Gy vs <30 Gy.

Results:
A total of 209 patients from 7 studies were included. Five studies used ≥30 Gy (n=144), and 2 studies <30 Gy (n=64). Median follow-up was 29 months (range: 21 to 57 mo). Primary tumor location was lower extremity in 68% and upper extremity in 22%. Most tumors were intermediate or high grade (95%, 160/169), and 50% (79/158) were >10 cm. The two-year LC for the entire cohort was 96.9%, and the rate of MWC was 30.6%. There was a trend toward improved LC with ≥ 30 Gy (95% HPD: 0.95 to 0.99 vs 0.84 to 0.99). There was no difference in MWC (95% HPD: 0.18 to 0.42 vs 0.17 to 0.55) or late toxicity between the groups.

Conclusions:
Preoperative 5-fraction RT for STS demonstrates excellent 2-year LC with MWC and toxicity similar to standard fractionation preoperative RT. Multi-institutional trials with a universal RT protocol are warranted.
Associations between use of chemical hair products and epigenetic age: Findings from the Sister Study
Authors: Chang Che-Jung , O’Brien Katie M. , Kresovich Jacob K. , Nwanaji-Enwerem Jamaji C. , Xu Zongli , Gaston Symielle A. , Jackson Chandra L. , Sandler Dale P. , Taylor Jack A. , White Alexandra J. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Hair products may be a source of harmful chemicals and have been linked to age-related health outcomes. We investigated whether the use of hair products is related to epigenetic age in a sample of Black (both Hispanic and non-Hispanic) and non-Hispanic White women.

Methods:
In a subset of 4358 participants aged 35–74 years from the Sister Study, we estimated cross-sectional associations between self-reported use of four chemical hair products (permanent dye, semipermanent dye, straighteners/relaxers, and hair permanents/body waves) in the year before enrollment (2003–2009) and three DNA methylation-based measures of epigenetic age (DunedinPACE, GrimAge age acceleration [GrimAgeAccel], and PhenoAge age acceleration [PhenoAgeAccel]) using survey-weighted multivariable linear regressions. Associations were estimated both overall and by self-identified race and ethnicity, adjusting for chronological age, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, body mass index, menopausal status, and DNA methylation platform.

Results:
Associations between the use of hair products and the three epigenetic age measures were largely null. Use of hair permanents/body waves was modestly associated with higher DunedinPACE among all participants (β
ever-never = 0.010; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001, 0.019) and with lower PhenoAgeAccel among Black women (β
ever-never = −1.53; 95% CI = −2.84, −0.21).

Conclusion:
In this US-based study, we found little evidence of associations between chemical hair product use and epigenetic age in Black and non-Hispanic White women. Observed associations were modest and largely not supported by dose–response relationships or were inconsistent across epigenetic age measures. Previously observed associations between chemical hair product use and aging-related health outcomes may not be explained by the biological aging pathways captured by DunedinPACE, GrimAgeAccel, or PhenoAgeAccel. Alternative biological pathways are worth investigating in racially diverse samples.
Bremsstrahlung Dose Rate Kernels in Tissue
Authors: Boozer David L. , Hamby David M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Radionuclides emitting high-energy beta rays are frequently employed for therapeutic purposes in the field of medicine. However, it is widely recognized that such radionuclides have the potential to generate in vivo bremsstrahlung radiation. This research study focused on investigating the dose rate of bremsstrahlung radiation emanating from a radioactive source embedded in a patient. To accomplish this, we estimate the spectral energy distribution of the generated bremsstrahlung. By employing this spectral distribution, we present a novel method for estimating the bremsstrahlung dose rate kernel applicable to a given combination of source and material. This method considers photon buildup and attenuation, as well as the encapsulation of the radiation source. Furthermore, we provide formulas for both monoenergetic electrons and beta-transition electrons that account for radioactive decay.
Sustained Treatment Response and Global Improvements With Long-term Valbenazine in Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Correll Christoph U. , Citrome Leslie , Singer Carlos , Lindenmayer Jean-Pierre , Zinger Celia , Liang Grace , Dunayevich Eduardo , Marder Stephen R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Using data from KINECT® 4, a phase 3, 48-week study of valbenazine, post hoc analyses were conducted to assess long-term outcomes that are relevant to the real-world management of tardive dyskinesia (TD).

Methods/Procedures
Post hoc analyses of the participants of the KINECT 4 study who completed 48 weeks of open-label valbenazine (40 or 80 mg) treatment were conducted. Valbenazine effects on TD were evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Clinical Global Impression of Change—TD (CGI-TD), and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC).

Findings/Results
Of 103 participants completing 48 weeks of treatment, 55% experienced clinically meaningful improvement (defined as ≥2-point reduction in AIMS total score [sum of items 1–7, evaluated by site raters]) by week 4; at week 48, 97% met this threshold. The percentage of completers who achieved AIMS total score response thresholds of ≥10% to ≥90% increased over time, with 86% of completers reaching ≥50% improvement. Of the 40 (39%) completers with AIMS ≥50% response at week 8, 38 (95%) sustained this response at week 48; 81% of those who did not meet this threshold at week 8 had achieved it by week 48. At week 48, more than 85% of completers achieved CGI-TD and PGIC ratings of “much improved” or “very much improved.”

Implications/Conclusions
The majority of participants who completed 48 weeks of treatment with once-daily valbenazine experienced substantial clinically meaningful and sustained TD improvements. These findings indicate that valbenazine can be a highly effective long-term treatment in patients with TD.
Usefulness of fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green for evaluation of bowel perfusion in the urgency setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rizzo Roberta , Vallicelli Carlo , Ansaloni Luca , Coccolini Federico , Fugazzola Paola , Sartelli Massimo , Agnoletti Vanni , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Catena Fausto 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been extensively utilized to assess bowel perfusion in oncologic surgery. In the emergency setting, there are many situations in which bowel perfusion assessment is required. Large prospective studies or RCTs evaluating feasibility, safety and utility of ICG in the emergency setting are lacking. The primary aim is to assess the usefulness of ICG for evaluation of bowel perfusion in the emergency setting.

Materials and methods:
The manuscript was drafted following the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA). A systematic literature search was carried out through Pubmed, Scopus, and the ISI Web of Science. Assessment of included study using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) was calculated. The meta-analysis was carried out in line with recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, and the Mantel–Haenszel random effects model was used to calculate effect sizes.

Results:
10 093 papers were identified. Eighty-four were reviewed in full-text, and 78 were excluded: 64 were case reports; 10 were reviews without original data; 2 were letters to the editor; and 2 contained unextractable data. Finally, six studies22-27 were available for quality assessment and quantitative synthesis. The probability of reoperation using ICG fluorescence angiography resulted similar to the traditional assessment of bowel perfusion with a RD was −0.04 (95% CI: −0.147 to 0.060). The results were statistically significant P=0.029, although the heterogeneity was not negligible with a 59.9% of the I
2 index. No small study effect or publication bias were found.

Conclusions:
This first metanalysis on the use of IGC fluorescence for ischemic bowel disease showed that this methodology is a safe and feasible tool in the assessment of bowel perfusion in the emergency setting. This topic should be further investigated in high-quality studies.
Hepatic artery restriction operation combined with ALPPS (HARO-ALPPS), a novel ALPPS procedure for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with severe fibrosis: retrospective clinical cohort study
Authors: Wen Zhang , Jin Zongrui , Xu Banghao , Zhu Hai , Wang Jilong , Chen Weitao , Zhang Jianyong , Huang Keyu , Lan Zhujing , Meng Bingcheng , Mao Weimin , Zhu Huaitao , Zhang Ling , Lu Tingting , Zeng Jingjing , Bao Li , Lau Wan Ye , Guo Ya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Associating liver partition with portal vein ligation for staged liver resection (ALPPS) has been used in the treatment of patients with advanced or massive liver cancer without sufficient future liver remnant, but concerns remain regarding tumor outcomes and surgical safety. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new procedure, hepatic artery restriction operation combined with ALPPS (HARO-ALPPS), in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients especially with severe fibrosis.

Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed 8 patients who underwent HARO-ALPPS for HCC and compared their outcomes with 64 patients who underwent conventional ALPPS. The primary outcomes assessed were liver regeneration ability (measured by relative and absolute kinetic growth rates), postoperative complications, and mortality. The secondary outcomes included overall survival and disease-free survival.

Results:
HARO-ALPPS significantly restricted the blood supply of the hepatic artery. One week after surgery, the blood flow of the right hepatic artery dropped to 62.1%. At the same time, HARO-ALPPS shows superior liver regeneration ability, which is particularly prominent in the background of liver fibrosis. No serious complications occurred after HARO-ALPPS. The overall survival rate of HARO-ALPPS was 75%, which was higher than that of ALPPS (64%, P=0.816).

Conclusion:
Compared to conventional ALPPS, HARO-ALPPS exhibits a better liver regeneration ability, and favorable long-term outcomes. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and evaluate the long-term oncologic outcomes of this novel procedure.
Baseline and on Treatment Biodistribution Variability of 18F-FLT Uptake in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Brief Communication
Authors: van der Hiel Bernies , Aalbersberg Else A. , van den Eertwegh Alfons J.M. , Fischer Jitha , Boellaard Ronald , de Vos Filip Y.F.L. , Boers-Sonderen Marye J. , Stokkel Marcel P.M. , de Wit- van der Veen Linda J. , Haanen John B.A.G. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This prospective study evaluates the biodistribution of 18F-FLT PET in patients with advanced melanoma before and after treatment with BRAF/MEK inhibitors.

Patients and Methods
Eighteen BRAF-positive unresectable stage IIIc or IV melanoma patients referred for 18F-FLT PET/CT before (BL) and during (D14) BRAF/MEK inhibition were included. 18F-FLT accumulation in the liver, bone marrow, blood, and muscle was quantified.

Results
Baseline interpatient 18F-FLT uptake had a coefficient-of-variation between 17.5% and 21.5%. During treatment, liver uptake increased (SUVmeanBL = 4.86 ± 0.98, SUVmeanD14 = 6.31 ± 1.36, P < 0.001) and bone marrow uptake decreased (SUVmeanBL = 7.67 ± 1.65, SUVmeanD14 = 6.78 ± 1.19, P < 0.025). Both changes were unrelated to baseline metabolic tumor volume or tumor response.

Conclusions
To assess 18F-FLT PET, both liver and bone marrow uptake may be used as normal tissue references at baseline, but 18F-FLT biodistribution significantly changes in longitudinal response studies when treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors.
Beard Contamination With 131I Diagnosed by SPECT/CT in a Patient With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Makarewicz Jacek , Rudzki Jan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Abnormal focal accumulation of 131I is generally a reliable indicator of differentiated thyroid cancer metastases. However, many examples of false-positive 131I uptake were reported, some of them of unusual nature. We report a case of 32-year-old man with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent thyroid remnants ablation with radioiodine. An area of considerable 131I uptake projecting onto lateral cervical areas was detected on posttherapy planar whole-body scan. Neck SPECT/CT scan was done to elucidate localization of the uptake, and activity was found in the patient’s beard.
Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor Mimicking a Pleural Mesothelioma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Chen Xueqi , Chen Guoqian , Li Qian , Fu Zhanli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A 72-year-old woman, who was a nonsmoker, presented with chest distress persisting for over 10 days. Plain chest CT revealed thickening of the left pleura accompanied by hydrothorax. Subsequent 18F-FDG PET/CT showed irregular thickening involving the visceral, parietal, and interlobular pleura on the left side, with diffuse high avidity of 18F-FDG. The left pleural mesothelioma was suspected initially, but pathological examination from biopsied specimen later confirmed a thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor.
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Detected Bone Metastasis Earlier Than 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy in a Patient With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Jieling , Zhu Hongxu , Shao Zezhong , Miao Weibing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A 53-year-old man with newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) underwent 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy for the potential bone metastases, and paired 68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for initial staging. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT identified 2 abnormal foci with increased tracer uptake in the cervical vertebra and the ilium, whereas 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and bone scan detected only the ilium lesion. A subsequent biopsy confirmed NPC metastasis in the ilium. Furthermore, baseline and follow-up bone scintigraphy revealed that the positive lesion in the cervical vertebra, as indicated in 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, was also a bone metastasis. This case highlighted the potential superiority of 68Ga-DOTATATE in NPC.
Mechanism matters: Differential benefits of cold-stored whole blood for trauma resuscitation from a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Dilday Joshua , Gallagher Shea , Matsushima Kazuhide , Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Hazelton Joshua P. , Oh John , Gurney Jennifer , Martin Matthew ,   the EAST Whole Blood Multicenter Collaborative
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Resuscitation with cold-stored low-titre whole blood (LTOWB) has increased despite the paucity of robust civilian data. Most studies are in predominately blunt trauma and lack analysis of specific subgroups or mechanism of injury. We sought to compare outcomes between patients receiving LTOWB versus balanced component therapy (BCT) after blunt (BL) and penetrating (PN) trauma.

METHODS
Secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter study of patients receiving either LTWOB-containing or BCT resuscitation was performed. Patients were grouped by mechanism of injury (BL vs. PN). A generalized estimated equations model using inverse probability of treatment weighting was employed. Primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were acute kidney injury, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary complications, and bleeding complications. Additional analyses were performed on no-traumatic brain injury (TBI), severe torso injury, and LTOWB-only resuscitation patients.

RESULTS
There were 1,617 patients (BL 47% vs PN 54%) identified; 1,175 (73%) of which received LTOWB. PN trauma patients receiving LTOWB demonstrated improved survival compared to BCT (77% vs. 56%; p < 0.01). Interval survival was higher at 6 hours (95% vs. 88%), 12 hours (93% vs. 80%), and 24 hours (88% vs. 57%) (all p < 0.05). The survival benefit following LTOWB was also seen across PN non-TBI (83% vs. 52%), and severe torso injuries (75% vs. 43%) (all p < 0.05). After controlling for age, sex, injury severity, and trauma center, LTWOB was associated with decreased odds of death (odds ratio, 0.31, p < 0.05) in PN trauma. However, no difference in overall mortality was seen across the BL groups. Both PN and BL patients receiving LTOWB had more frequent acute kidney injury compared to BCT (19% vs. 7% and 12% vs 6%, respectively; p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Low-titre whole blood resuscitation was independently associated with decreased mortality following PN trauma, but not BL trauma. Further analysis in BL trauma is required to identify subgroups that may demonstrate survival benefit.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Identification of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria that can be associated with DFI and their therapeutic in Elnaw teaching hospital
Authors: Ahmed Fathi Sharief , Ibrahim Hiba Siddig , Saeed Mohammed Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one of the diabetic complications that show a higher concern in the public health especially in developing countries. Globally, adults with diabetes represent 463 million in 2019 according to the International Diabetes Federation.
The main aim of this study was to identify the anaerobic and aerobic bacteria that causing DFI and their therapeutic regimen on diabetic patients in diabetic clinic room in Elnaw teaching hospital - Khartoum state.
The study showed that there was no infection by anaerobic organism and the most frequently isolated organisms were gram negative rods (70%) which represents (65%) on diabetic patients.
The commonest isolated organism was S.aureus (30%) followed by E.coli (25%) in control group (non-diabetic), while Klebsiella.spp and S.aureus with (20%) for each; were isolated from the clinic room swabs.
Early diagnosis, optimal management and effective antibiotic therapy are necessary to prevent DFI and amputation.
Bacteriological profile of community peritonitis operated in a Moroccan Hospital
Authors: BAZHAR SAMIA , Benaissa Elmostafa , Ziad Fatima , Laamara Leila , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Chadli Mariama , Elouennass Mostafa 
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Peritonitis is characterized by acute inflammation of the peritoneum, often resulting from digestive organ perforation or intra-abdominal septic focus. It may be either of infectious or noninfectious origin. The germs involved are those of the digestive flora (Enterobacteriaceae and Anaerobic), while gram-positive cocci and yeasts can be isolated in nosocomial infections. Our study aims to isolate and identify the germs involved in community-acquired peritonitis, in order to assess their susceptibility to the antibiotics available in our Country.

Methods. This is a retrospective study of bacteriological profile of community peritonitis in Rabat Morocco. A total of 150 adult patients with peritonitis, were admitted and samples were collected intraoperatively for bacteriological examination between July 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023.

Results. Among the 150 patients, 101 (67.8%) were males and 48 (32.2%) were females, with sex/ratio of 2.1. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 years +/- 20.12. The distribution of germs was dominated by Escherichia coli (44%). Overall, 70% of Escherichia coli isolated, had a resistance to Ampicillin but no resistance to Ampicillin has been reported by Enterococcus.

Discussion. In the present study, we were interested in the bacteriological profile of community peritonitis, in order to adapt the antibiotic therapy to our bacterial ecology.
Our findings indicate a concerning trend of increasing resistance among Escherichia coli to the commonly used Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid combination in our clinical setting.

Conclusion. Consequently, there is a need to reassess the empiric antibiotic prescribed for the management of community-acquired peritonitis.