bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential of Nauclea latifolia for sustainable synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles: characterization and antibacterial assessment
Authors: Abegunde Segun Michael , Olasehinde Emmanuel Folorunso , Adebayo Matthew Ayorinde 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe work presents a report on Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized through a green approach using Nauclea latifolia fruit extracts, with a view to investigating the prepared nanoparticles for their antimicrobial activities. The ZnO NPs synthesized were characterized using various analytical instruments, including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The instruments provided valuable information on the characteristics of the Zn ONPs. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized ZnO NPs were evaluated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The maximum absorption was observed at 379 nm. The average hydrodynamic size and the polydispersity index (PDI) were measured as 81.77 nm and 0.401, respectively. The nanomaterial has a hexagonal wurtzite structure, and the Zn–O bond was detected at 537 cm–1. The nanoparticles were in the nano range with sizes ranging from 10.02 nm to 28.50 nm. The N. latifolia fruit extract-mediated ZnO NPs showed excellent performance against the two bacteria at all concentrations of ZnO NPs. The highest inhibition zones for E. coli and S. aureus at 8 mg/L of ZnO NPs are 21 and 16 mm, respectively. This study provides valuable insights into an efficient, simple, and environmentally friendly route for synthesizing ZnO NPs with a potential application in the biomedical field.
Non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale in a community sample of adolescents: a methodological study
Authors: Yu Jungok , Kim Myo-Sung , Kim Miyoung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among South Korean adolescents has increased significantly, requiring academic attention. This methodological study aims to develop a non-suicidal self-injury motivation scale for adolescents and evaluate its validity and reliability.

Methods
In the first phase of scale development, the factors constituting self-injury motivation were identified through a literature review and analysis of online counseling data from self-injuring adolescents. In the second phase, 45 initial preliminary items were derived based on the identified factors, and 38 preliminary items were selected through content validation by experts. In the scale validation phase, the survey was conducted using 38 items. Data were collected from adolescents with a history of self-injury, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) involving 715 participants and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) involving 537 participants. The EFA involved 27.0% male and 73.0% female participants, with a mean age of 16.83 years, and the CFA involved 20.7% male and 79.3% female participants, with a mean age of 16.15 years. The data collected were tested for validity and reliability using SPSS 28.0 and M-plus.

Results
The EFA yielded four factors and 24 items. The factors were named interpersonal influence, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and anti-suicide, and the scale had an explanatory power of 55.8%. In the CFA, the fit of the 23-item model after deleting one item with low standardized factor loadings was x2 = 1081.52 (p < .001), CFI = 0.829, RMSEA = 0.084, and SRMR = 0.075, confirming the acceptability of the self-injury motivation scale for adolescents. The scale evaluation results for convergent validity and discriminant validity met the criteria. The reliability test results showed that the overall reliability (Cronbach’s α) was 0.88, and the reliability (Cronbach’s α) of each factor was 0.89 for interpersonal influence, 0.83 for emotion regulation, 0.63 for sensation seeking, and 0.80 for anti-suicide, satisfying internal consistency.

Conclusion
In this study, the self-injury motivation scale for adolescents in the community comprised four factors and 23 items. The scale can be used to examine self-injury motivation among adolescents in the community and to develop self-injury prevention intervention programs.
A screw-type pacemaker lead implanted in the right atrium perforated the ascending aorta
Authors: Nakajima Tomohiro , Iba Yutaka , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Osamura Ayumu , Kamiyama Naoyuki , Nishikawa Ryo , Nakazawa Junji , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Perforation by pacemaker leads, although rare, is a complication reported since the introduction of pacemaker therapy. Although historically reported frequencies were as high as 5%, recent reports have cited frequencies ranging from 1 to 2%. We report a case where a screw-type atrial lead slightly penetrated the right atrial wall, causing chronic abrasion of the ascending aorta, resulting in shock.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old male presented with dilated cardiomyopathy diagnosed at 40 years of age when he developed decompensated heart failure. Despite ongoing treatment, his heart failure worsened, leading to hospitalization at the age of 54. During his hospital stay, he experienced cardiac arrest that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation, followed by a return of spontaneous circulation. He was subsequently transferred to our institution after initiation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). Echocardiography revealed an ejection fraction of 25%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 60 mm, and severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Transcatheter mitral valve repair was performed to treat severe MR, followed by implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). Three months later, the patient was brought to our emergency department by ambulance because of hypotension. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade, necessitating emergency pericardial decompression via left fourth intercostal mini-thoracotomy and drain placement. Upon transfer to the intensive care unit, 1200 mL of blood was drained from the chest tube, prompting a return to the operating room for a median sternotomy. It was discovered that the pacemaker lead on the left side of the right atrium had slowly eroded into the aorta, leading to perforation. The ascending aorta was repaired and hemostasis was achieved; the patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 18.

Conclusions
The pacemaker lead perforated the right atrium; chronic abrasion of the lead against the ascending aorta resulted in bleeding from the ascending aorta 3 months later.
BMC Environmental Science: open access publishing for a sustainable future
Authors: Nödl Marie-Therese 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman activities have caused climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, affecting food security, health, and social equality. BMC Environmental Science addresses these issues by promoting open, cross-disciplinary research. The journal supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals, inviting submissions from all scientific fields including the natural, formal, and applied sciences, encouraging collaboration for global solutions.
Developing Dispositions for Transfer
Authors: Mack Nancy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article suggests pedagogical practices to help first-generation students gain effective problem-solving strategies for the future transfer of writing knowledge and skills. The retention of first-generation students depends on developing four positive dispositions for learning: success attribution, self-efficacy, expectancy value, and self-regulation. Meaningful writing assignments with a connection to students’ cultural experiences are an essential foundation for improving transfer. Specific reflective activities are detailed for analyzing emotional reactions to writing experiences, evaluating procedural writing strategies, and solving current and future writing-related problems. A reflective problem-solving pedagogy promotes deep learning by emphasizing students’ agency in responding to writing difficulties and their resourcefulness in creating successful solutions.
“This Weird Thing I'm Discovering”
Authors: Gallagher Chris W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article addresses a pervasive but undertheorized literacy practice: ghostwriting. Drawing on a five-year interview study with undergraduate students, I describe the many ghostwriting tasks that participants were asked to perform for their co-op jobs and how they perceived those tasks. Overall, students were bewildered by ghostwriting and found it very different from, and in some ways at odds with, their academic writing. Given the ubiquity of ghostwriting and the likelihood that much of it will be offloaded to artificial intelligence in coming years, I call for and begin to outline a critical pedagogical approach to ghostwriting grounded in critical language awareness.
Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with worse health-related quality of life and greater opioid analgesia use while waiting for hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gallagher Nicola , Cassidy Roslyn , Karayiannis Paul , Scott Chloe E. H. , Beverland David 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe overall aim of this study was to determine the impact of deprivation with regard to quality of life, demographics, joint-specific function, attendances for unscheduled care, opioid and antidepressant use, having surgery elsewhere, and waiting times for surgery on patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsPostal surveys were sent to 1,001 patients on the waiting list for THA or TKA in a single Northern Ireland NHS Trust, which consisted of the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), visual analogue scores (EQ-VAS), and Oxford Hip and Knee Scores. Electronic records determined prescriptions since addition to the waiting list and out-of-hour GP and emergency department attendances. Deprivation quintiles were determined by the Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure 2017 using postcodes of home addresses.ResultsOverall, 707 postal surveys were returned, of which 277 (39.2%) reported negative “worse than death” EQ-5D scores and 219 (21.9%) reported the consumption of strong opioids. Those from the least deprived quintile 5 had a significantly better EQ-5D index (median 0.223 (interquartile range (IQR) -0.080 to 0.503) compared to those in the most deprived quintiles 1 (median 0.049 (IQR -0.199 to 0.242), p = 0.004), 2 (median 0.076 (IQR -0.160 to 0.277; p = 0.010), and 3 (median 0.076 (IQR-0.153 to 0.301; p = 0.010). Opioid use was significantly greater in the most deprived quintile 1 compared to all other quintiles (45/146 (30.8%) vs 174/809 (21.5%); odds ratio 1.74 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.57; p = 0.005).ConclusionMore deprived patients have worse health-related quality of life and greater opioid use while waiting for THA and TKA than more affluent patients. For patients awaiting surgery, more information and alternative treatment options should be available.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(5):444–451.
A Rare Case of Comminuted Fracture Shaft Humerus with Intercondylar Extension with Monteggia Dislocation and its Management- A Case Report
Authors: Nallakumarasamy Arulkumar , Manjhi Birju , Sinha Shivam , Arya Rajkumar , Singh Lalit Pratap 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Monteggia fracture-dislocation is a rare entity in adults with an incidence of less than 1%. However a combination of fracture shaft humerus with distal intraarticular extension along with monteggia fracture dislocation in an ipsilateral upper limb is very hard to find and manage, owing to its rare presentation.

Material:
In this report we detailed the surgical management of comminuted fracture(splinter) of shaft humerus with intercondylar extension AO C2 with typeII monteggia fracture dislocation with the usage proper implants in an 25 year old male with a 3 year follow up.

Result:
It shows that the fracture united well at appropriate time period and elbow range of movements were satisfactory ranges from 20° to 130° with no limitation in supination and pronation.

Conclusion:
Such a complex elbow injuries are difficult to find in the literature. This study addresses the proper surgical management in terms of approach and usage of appropriate implants to improve the long term functional outcome when dealing with such a injuries.
Thermal nonlinear optical responses of native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein solutions at visible and infra-red wavelengths: complementary approaches
Authors: Cuppo F. L. S. , Santisteban A. R. N. , Figueiredo Neto A. M. 
Published: May 2024

Single beam Z-scan (ZS) experiments at 532 nm (visible) and 979 nm [infra-red (IR)] wavelengths were used to determine photothermal responses of native and oxidized aqueous suspensions of human low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The wavelengths employed in the measurements were chosen according to the optical absorption solute (LDL particles) and solvent (water) of the suspension. At 532 nm, water presents negligible absorbance, and the LDL is responsible for the light absorption. On the other hand, at 979 nm, the water is the main light absorber. In the visible light case, the particles absorb the laser light and, by conduction, transfer heat to water to form the thermal lens. In the IR experiments, water is the main absorber and transfers the heat to the particles to form the thermal lens. We show that with the IR light it is possible to investigate high degrees of oxidation of LDL, not possible with the usual visible light experiments. Differently from the usual ZS experiments with LDL at visible light, the magnitude of the thermal lens formed in the IR experiments was shown to be bigger in oxidized samples with respect to that of the native samples. For both wavelengths, all samples whose response was measured presented negative nonlinearity (self-defocusing behavior). It was also observed, in experiments with IR light, that the formation time of the thermal lens tends to decrease with the increase in the degree of oxidation of the sample.
Fast simulation for interacting four-level Rydberg atoms: electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting
Authors: Xu Xinyi Y. I. , Xie Guoda , Ma Jinlou , Ying Lei , Yuan Jinpeng , Huang Zhixiang , Sha Wei E. I. 
Published: May 2024

Quantum sensing using Rydberg atoms is an emerging technology for precise measurement of electric fields. However, most existing computational methods are all based on a single-particle model and neglect Rydberg-Rydberg interaction between atoms. In this study, we introduce the interaction term into the conventional four-level optical Bloch equations. By incorporating fast iterations and solving for the steady-state solution efficiently, we avoid the computation of a massive 4

N

× 4

N

dimensional matrix. Additionally, we apply the Doppler frequency shift to each atom used in the calculation, eliminating the requirement for an additional Doppler iteration. These schemes allow for the calculation of the interaction between 7000 atoms around one minute. Based on the many-body model, we investigate the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction of Rydberg atoms under different atomic densities. Furthermore, we compare our results with the literature data of a three-level system and the experimental results of our own four-level system. The results demonstrate the validity of our model, with an effective error of 4.59% compared to the experimental data. Finally, we discover that the many-body model better predicts the linear range for measuring electric fields than the single-particle model, making it highly applicable in precise electric field measurements.
Cryptosporidium parvum disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier in neonatal mice through downregulation of cell junction molecules
Authors: Luo Chaowei , Xu Yanhua , Zhang Jie , Tian Qing , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Feng Yaoyu , Xu Rui , Xiao Lihua 
Published: May 2024

Background
Cryptosporidium spp. cause watery diarrhea in humans and animals, especially in infants and neonates. They parasitize the apical surface of the epithelial cells in the intestinal lumen. However, the pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium-induced diarrhea is not fully understood yet.

Methodology/principal findings
In this study, we infected C57BL/6j neonatal mice with C. parvum IIa and IId subtypes, and examined oocyst burden, pathological changes, and intestinal epithelial permeability during the infection. In addition, transcriptomic analyses were used to study the mechanism of diarrhea induced by the C. parvum IId subtype. The neonatal mice were sensitive to both C. parvum IIa and IId infection, but the IId subtype caused a wide oocyst shedding window and maintained the high oocyst burden in the mice compared with the IIa subtype. In addition, the mice infected with C. parvum IId resulted in severe intestinal damage at the peak of infection, leading to increased permeability of the epithelial barrier. The KEGG, GO and GSEA analyses revealed that the downregulation of adherens junction and cell junction molecules at 11 dpi. Meanwhile, E-cadherin, which is associated with adherens junction, was reduced at the protein level in mouse ileum at peak and late infection.

Conclusions/significance
C. parvum IId infection causes more severe pathological damage than C. parvum IIa infection in neonatal mice. Furthermore, the impairment of the epithelial barrier during C. parvum IId infection results from the downregulation of intestinal junction proteins.
The impact of the parenting for respectability programme on violent parenting and intimate partner relationships in Uganda: A pre-post study
Authors: Siu Godfrey , Nsubuga Rebecca N. , Lachman Jamie M. , Namutebi Carol , Sekiwunga Richard , Zalwango Flavia , Riddell Julie , Wight Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Background
There is a growing need for interventions that reduce both violence against children and intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries. However, few parenting interventions deliberately address this link. We tested the feasibility of a 16-session group-based parenting programme, Parenting for Respectability, in semi-rural Ugandan communities.

Methods
This was a pre-post study with parents and their children (N = 484 parents; 212 children).

Results
Pre-post comparisons found large effects for parent-reported reduced harsh parenting (Cohen’s f2 = 0.41 overall; f2 = 0.47 (among session attendees); with an overall reduction of 26% for harsh parenting. Session attendees reported higher reductions than non-attendees (p = 0.014), and male caregivers reported higher reductions than female caregivers (p<0.001). Children also reported reduced harsh parenting by attending fathers (f2 = 0.64 overall; f2 = 0.60) and attending mothers (f2 = 0.56 overall; f2 = 0.51); with reduction in harsh parenting ranging between 27% to 29% in the various categories. Overall, spousal violence reduced by 27% (f2 = 0.19 overall; f2 = 0.26 (among session attendees). Both parents and children reported reduced dysfunctional parent relationships; parents: f2 = 0.19 overall; f2 = 0.26 (among session attendees); and children: f2 = 0.35 overall; f2 = 0.32 (for attending parents); with reductions ranging between 22% to 28%. Parents who attended more than 50% of the program reported greater effects on reduced dysfunctional relationships than those who attended less than half of the program (B = -0.74, p = 0.013). All secondary outcomes were improved with f2 ranging between 0.08 and 0.39; and improvements ranging between 6% and 28%.

Conclusion
Results suggest the importance of more rigorous testing to determine program effectiveness.
YouTube and the implementation and discontinuation of the oral contraceptive pill: A mixed-method content analysis
Authors: Niemann Jana , Wicherski Lea , Glaum Lisa , Schenk Liane , Stadler Getraud , Richter Matthias 
Published: May 2024

Background
Women living in high-quality healthcare systems are more likely to use oral contraceptives at some point in their lives. Research findings have sparked controversial discussions about contraception in the scientific community and the media, potentially leading to higher rates of method discontinuation. Understanding the underlying motives for method discontinuation is crucial for reproductive health equity and future programming interventions. To address this question, this study aims to explore women’s experiences of oral contraceptive use and discontinuation on YouTube.

Methods
A concurrent explanatory mixed-methods design was used to conduct content analysis of German YouTube videos. The information from 175 videos of 158 individuals was extracted through quantitative descriptive content analysis. Twenty-one individuals were included in the qualitative content analysis.

Findings
The body was a recurring theme in the pill biographies. Women described, for example, bodily sensations as reasons for taking and stopping the pill. They also described positive and negative side effects while taking the pill and after stopping. The most common side effects of taking the pill mentioned by YouTubers were mood swings (76/158), weight gain (45/158), headaches (33/158), and depressed mood (45/158). The symptoms after discontinuation reported most were facial skin impurities (108/158), decreased mood swings (47/158), hair loss (42/158), and weight loss (36/158). Overall, women overwhelmingly rated their discontinuation experience as positive (87/91).

Conclusions
The study identified key symptoms of oral contraceptive initiation and discontinuation by portraying the experiences of female YouTubers, adding valuable insights to the understanding of method initiation and discontinuation. Further research is needed to explore women’s personal experiences with method discontinuation beyond the YouTube platform.