bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the molecular mechanisms of pigmentation control in Queen Loach, Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822): Insights from sesame seed and marigold‐induced antityrosinase effects
Authors: Tripathy Partha Sarathi , Dash Soumya Shephalika , Devi Ningthoujam Chaoba , Mandal Sagar Chandra , Pandey Pramod Kumar , Parhi Janmejay , Behera Bijay Kumar , Khatei Ananya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFish pigmentation study can reveal understandings in dermatological research based on functional genomics. Cultured ornamental fish becomes dull coloured and antityrosinase activity through sesame seed may enhance skin colour, which has not been studied. Botia dario is an indigenous fish, having ornamental and aesthetic value and can be studied as a model for fish pigmentation genetics. In this study, fish specimens were fed with 15% marigold petal meal along with 5, 10 and 15% w/w sesame seed in diet. Pigmentation genes, that is, tyr, tyrp1a, asip1, gnaq, kitlga, mc1r, mitf, pax7a, rab38, slc7a11, sox9a, sox10, csf1r, bcdo2 and gsta2 in skin and immunogens, that is, il20, nramp, tlr9 and trail in kidney were studied. Gene expression in tissues revealed enhanced pigmentation and immunity as well as the role of tyr, tyrp1a and asip1 in pigmentation. Immunogenes and blood parameters confirmed the best pigmentation diet. Colorimetric analysis also showed the enhancement of pigmentation. Insights from sesame seed and marigold‐induced antityrosinase effects will be applied in aquaculture to develop natural, dietary formulations that will enhance pigmentation in ornamental fish, leading to improved skin colour and market value.
Sleep health among US Navy afloat versus ashore personnel in the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Jacobson Isabel G. , Harbertson Judith , Sharifian Neika , Rull Rudolph P. , Steele Christopher T. , Russell Dale W. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDespite emerging public concern regarding the sleep health of military personnel over the past two decades, there remains a dearth of research examining sleep health among naval personnel assigned to sea duty. This study examined sleep metrics (e.g. fatigue, short sleep duration) and mental (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder, depression) and physical health (e.g. type 2 diabetes, bodily pain) outcomes among naval personnel with recent sea duty (i.e. afloat) compared with naval personnel with recent shore duty (i.e. ashore). Prevalence ratios and mean differences for all outcomes were estimated and adjusted for demographic and military variables, and subsequently stratified by obesity. Sleep metrics were similar between afloat and ashore sailors except for short sleep duration, while sailors with recent shore duty had poorer physical health compared with those with recent sea duty. Stratified analyses suggested naval personnel with obesity had a higher proportion of nearly all adverse sleep‐related health outcomes than those without obesity. Among participants without obesity, afloat personnel were more likely to report very short sleep (≤ 5 hours) and fewer hours of average nightly sleep, but were less likely to report physical health outcomes compared with ashore personnel. These findings suggest potential differences in sleep metrics and sleep‐related health outcomes between afloat and ashore naval personnel. Additional research examining sleep outcomes using more objective measures is required to further investigate these findings, which may inform strategies to foster consolidated sleep despite environmental and occupational challenges in order to maintain high‐performing naval personnel.
Verbal Symbols Support Concrete but Enable Abstract Concept Formation: Evidence From Brain‐Constrained Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Dobler Fynn R. , Henningsen‐Schomers Malte R. , Pulvermüller Friedemann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConcrete symbols (e.g., sun, run) can be learned in the context of objects and actions, thereby grounding their meaning in the world. However, it is controversial whether a comparable avenue to semantic learning exists for abstract symbols (e.g., democracy). When we simulated the putative brain mechanisms of conceptual/semantic grounding using brain‐constrained deep neural networks, the learning of instances of concrete concepts outside of language contexts led to robust neural circuits generating substantial and prolonged activations. In contrast, the learning of instances of abstract concepts yielded much reduced and only short‐lived activity. Crucially, when conceptual instances were learned in the context of wordforms, circuit activations became robust and long‐lasting for both concrete and abstract meanings. These results indicate that, although the neural correlates of concrete conceptual representations can be built from grounding experiences alone, abstract concept formation at the neurobiological level is enabled by and requires the correlated presence of linguistic forms.
Igneous intrusion origin for the petrofabric of Erg Chech 002
Authors: Beros C. , Tait K. T. , Di Cecco V. E. , Moser D. E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAchondrites provide an opportunity to examine the igneous processes of differentiated bodies in our solar system. The recent discovery of several silica‐rich achondrites suggests that andesitic crusts were more common among planetesimals than previously thought, though the processes behind their emplacement are not well understood. Here, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is used to investigate the igneous emplacement conditions of Erg Chech 002 (EC 002), a recently discovered ungrouped achondrite representing andesitic magmatism ~2 Myr after the formation of calcium–aluminum‐rich inclusions (CAIs). EBSD analyses of crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) for augite and plagioclase feldspar phenocrysts indicate that EC 002 exhibits a weak foliation CPO. Augite misorientation inverse pole figures (mIPF) indicate preferential slip along the (100)[001] system with a distinct shift toward the {0kl}[u0w] system in plastically deformed grains. Our findings support the hypothesis that EC 002 was likely emplaced in the lower regions of a magmatic intrusion. Augite slip signatures suggest that EC 002 crystallization and emplacement were restricted to high temperatures (>800°C) and experienced at least two strain regimes. The distinct shift from a dominant (100)[001] slip system, which corresponds to high temperatures (800–1050°C), to a [0kl][u0w] slip system indicates an increased strain rate due to shock deformation (1–5 GPa) attributed to ejection by hypervelocity impact.
Prevalence of co‐existent COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and its impact on early mortality in patients with COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM)
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Agarwal Ritesh , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash Mandya , Thangaraju Deepak , Shevkani Manoj Radhakishan , Patel Atul K. , Shastri Prakash Srinivas , Tayade Ashwini , Bhandari Sudhir , Gella Vishwanath , Savio Jayanthi , Madan Surabhi , Hallur Vinaykumar , Maturu Venkata Nagarjuna , Srinivasan Arjun , Sethuraman Nandini , Sibia Raminder Pal Singh , Pujari Sanjay , Mehta Ravindra , Singhal Tanu , Saxena Puneet , Gupta Varsha , Nagvekar Vasant , Prayag Parikshit , Patel Dharmesh , Xess Immaculata , Savaj Pratik , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Panda Naresh , Rajagopal Gayathri Devi , Parwani Riya Sandeep , Patel Kamlesh , Deshmukh Anuradha , Vyas Aruna , Gandra Raghava Rao , Sistla Srinivas Kishore , Padaki Priyadarshini A. , Ramar Dharshni , Panigrahi Manoj Kumar , Sarkar Saurav , Rachagulla Bharani , Vallandaramam Pattabhiraman , Premachandran Krishna Prabha , Pawar Sunil , Gugale Piyush , Hosamani Pradeep , Dutt Sunil Narayan , Nair Satish , Kalpakkam Hariprasad , Badhwar Sanjiv , Kompella Kiran Kumar , Singla Nidhi , Navlakhe Milind , Prayag Amrita , Singh Gagandeep , Dhakecha Poorvesh , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundData on mixed mould infection with COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) are sparse.ObjectivesTo ascertain the prevalence of co‐existent CAPA in CAPM (mixed mould infection) and whether mixed mould infection is associated with early mortality (≤7 days of diagnosis).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the data collected from 25 centres across India on COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis. We included only CAPM and excluded subjects with disseminated or rhino‐orbital mucormycosis. We defined co‐existent CAPA if a respiratory specimen showed septate hyphae on smear, histopathology or culture grew Aspergillus spp. We also compare the demography, predisposing factors, severity of COVID‐19, and management of CAPM patients with and without CAPA. Using a case–control design, we assess whether mixed mould infection (primary exposure) were associated with early mortality in CAPM.ResultsWe included 105 patients with CAPM. The prevalence of mixed mould infection was 20% (21/105). Patients with mixed mould infection experienced early mortality (9/21 [42.9%] vs. 15/84 [17.9%]; p = 0.02) and poorer survival at 6 weeks (7/21 [33.3] vs. 46/77 [59.7%]; p = 0.03) than CAPM alone. On imaging, consolidation was more commonly encountered with mixed mould infections than CAPM. Co‐existent CAPA (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 19.1 [2.62–139.1]) was independently associated with early mortality in CAPM after adjusting for hypoxemia during COVID‐19 and other factors.ConclusionCoinfection of CAPA and CAPM was not uncommon in our CAPM patients and portends a worse prognosis. Prospective studies from different countries are required to know the impact of mixed mould infection.
Innate and adaptive immune responses in subjects with CPA secondary to post‐pulmonary tuberculosis lung abnormalities
Authors: Chirumamilla Naresh Kumar , Arora Kanika , Kaur Mandeep , Agarwal Ritesh , Muthu Valliappan , Rawat Amit , Dhooria Sahajal , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Choudhary Hansraj , Pal Arnab , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐tuberculosis lung abnormality (PTLA) is the most common risk factor for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and 14%–25% of the subjects with PTLA develop CPA. The pathogenesis and the host immune response in subjects with PTLA who develop CPA need to be better understood.MethodsWe prospectively compared the innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by patients of PTLA with or without CPA (controls). We studied the neutrophil oxidative burst (by dihydrorhodamine 123 test), classic (serum C3 and C4 levels) and alternative (mannose‐binding lectin [MBL] protein levels) complement pathway, serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA), B and T lymphocytes and their subsets in subjects with PTLA with or without CPA.ResultsWe included 111 subjects (58 CPA and 53 controls) in the current study. The mean ± SD age of the study population was 42.6 ± 15.7 years. The cases and controls were matched for age, gender distribution and body weight. Subjects with CPA had impaired neutrophil oxidative burst, lower memory T lymphocytes and impaired Th‐1 immune response (lower Th‐1 lymphocytes) than controls. We found no significant difference between the two groups in the serum complement levels, MBL levels, B‐cell subsets and other T lymphocyte subsets.ConclusionSubjects with CPA secondary to PTLA have impaired neutrophil oxidative burst and a lower Th‐1 response than controls.
Predictive value of fluid balance before extubation on its outcome in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Wenrui , Shui Chunmei , Xie Qiuyu , Han Xinyi , Zhang Caiyun , Tu Lili , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are many reasons for extubation failure, maintaining negative or lower positive fluid balances 24 hours before extubation may be a key measure for successful extubation.AimTo assess the predictive value of fluid balance before extubation and its outcome in mechanically ventilated cases in the intensive care unit (ICU).Study DesignThis retrospective cohort study involved collecting clinical data from patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in Lanzhou general adult ICU from January 2022 to December 2022. Based on extubation outcomes, the patients were divided into a successful extubation group and a failed extubation group. Their fluid balance levels 24 h before extubation were compared with analyse the predictive value of fluid balance on extubation outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.ResultsIn this study, clinical data from 545 patients admitted to a general adult ICU were collected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 265 (48.6%) patients were included, of which 197 (74.3%) were successfully extubated; extubation was unsuccessful in 68 (25.7%) patients. The total intake and fluid balance levels in patients in the failed extubation group 24 h before extubation were significantly higher than those in the successful extubation group, with a median of 2679.00 (2410.44–3193.50) mL versus 2435.40 (1805.04–2957.00) mL, 831.50 (26.25–1407.94) mL versus 346.00 (−163.00–941.50) mL. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal cut‐off value for predicting extubation outcomes was 497.5 mL (sensitivity 64.7%, specificity 59.4%) for fluid balance 24 h before extubation. The area under the ROC curve was 0.627 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.547–0.707). Based on the logistic regression model, cumulative fluid balance >497.5 mL 24 h before extubation could predict its outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU (OR = 5.591, 95% CI [2.402–13.015], p < .05).ConclusionsThe fluid balance level 24 h before extubation was correlated with the outcome of extubation in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. The risk of extubation failure was higher when the fluid balance level was >497.5 mL.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTracheal intubation is a crucial life support technique for many critically ill patients, and determining the appropriate time for extubation remains a challenge for clinicians. Although there are many reasons for extubation failure, acute pulmonary oedema caused by continuous positive fluid balance and volume overload is one of the main reasons for extubation failure. Therefore, it is very important to study the relationship between fluid balance and extubation outcome to improve the prognosis of patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU.
Discriminating “impaired” from “disordered” contractile response on FLIP panometry by utilizing pressure measurement
Authors: Chambo Leya , Pandolfino John E. , Halder Sourav , Kahrilas Peter J. , Konda Vani , Carlson Dustin A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) panometry evaluates esophageal motility, including the contractile response to distension, that is, secondary peristalsis. Impaired/disordered contractile response (IDCR) is an abnormal, but nonspecific contractile response that can represent either hypomotility or spastic motor disorders on high‐resolution manometry (HRM). We hypothesized that FLIP pressure could be incorporated to clarify IDCR and aimed to determine its utility in a cohort of symptomatic esophageal motility patients.Methods173 adult patients that had IDCR on FLIP panometry and HRM with a conclusive Chicago Classification v4.0 (CCv4.0) diagnosis were included and analyzed as development (n = 118) and validation (n = 55) cohorts. FLIP pressure values were assessed for prediction of either hypomotility or spasm, defined on HRM/CCv4.0.Key ResultsHRM/CCv4.0 diagnoses were normal motility in 48 patients (28%), “hypomotility” (ineffective esophageal motility, absent contractility, or Type I or II achalasia) in 89 (51%), and “spasm” (Type III achalasia, distal esophageal spasm, or hypercontractile esophagus) in 36 (21%). The pressure at esophagogastric junction‐distensibility index (DI) (60 mL) was lower in hypomotility (median [interquartile range] 34 [28–42] mmHg) than in spasm (49 [40–62] mmHg; p < 0.001) and had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI 0.73–0.88) for hypomotility and 0.76 (0.69–0.83) for spasm. For “spasm” on HRM, a threshold FLIP pressure of >35 mmHg provided 90% sensitivity (47% specificity) while >55 mmHg provided 93% specificity (40% sensitivity).Conclusion & InferencesPressure on FLIP panometry can help clarify the significance of IDCR, with low‐pressure IDCR associated with hypomotility and high‐pressure IDCR suggestive of spastic motor disorders.
MASLD can cause halitosis by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Authors: Qian Xiao Xian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) exhibit varying degrees of halitosis. The author speculated that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might lead to MASLD and subsequent extra‐oral halitosis and aimed to test this hypothesis.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study reviewed 885 extra‐oral halitosis patients. Halitosis and exhaled dimethyl sulfide (DMS) were measured by organoleptic score (OLS) (0–5) and OralChroma, respectively. SIBO and MASLD were diagnosed by hydrogen breath test and Fibroscan combined with cardiometabolic criteria.ResultsIn this study, 133/885 (15.05%) of the halitosis patients otherwise healthy had MASLD, while 87/133 (65.41%) of the MASLD patients were SIBO‐positive. No significant differences were observed in physical parameters such as age, serum biochemical parameters such as lipids, or Fibroscan parameters between the SIBO‐positive and SIBO‐negative patients. However, the OLS was 4 (interquartile range: 3–4) and exhaled DMS level was 56 (43–75) parts per billion (ppb) in the SIBO‐positive patients, significantly greater than 2 (2–3) and 43 (25–51) ppb in the SIBO‐negative patients (both p < 0.001). Exhaled hydrogen levels positively correlated with the OLS and exhaled DMS levels (r = 0.774, r = 0.740, both p < 0.001).ConclusionMASLD can cause halitosis by SIBO.
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of cancer stem cells from metastatic oral cancer cells
Authors: Aquino Iara Gonçalves , Cuadra‐Zelaya Florence Juana Maria , Bizeli Ana Laura Valença , Palma Patricia Vianna Bonini , Mariano Fernanda Viviane , Salo Tuula , Coletta Ricardo Della , Bastos Débora Campanella , Graner Edgard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo isolate cancer stem cells (CSC) from a metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line and investigate their in vitro and in vivo phenotypic characteristics.Materials and MethodsSubpopulations with individual staining intensities for CD44 and CD326 were isolated from the OSCC cell line LN‐1A by FACS: CD44Low/CD326− (CSC‐M1), CD44Low/CD326High (CSC‐E), and CD44High/CD326− (CSC‐M2). Proliferation, clonogenic potential, adhesion, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition markers, and sensitivity to cisplatin and TVB‐3166 were analyzed in vitro. Tumor formation and metastasis were assessed by subcutaneous and orthotopic inoculations into BALB/c mice.ResultsE‐cadherin levels were higher in CSC‐E cells while vimentin and Slug more produced by CSC‐M2 cells. CSC‐M1 and CSC‐M2 subpopulations showed higher proliferation, produced more colonies, and have stronger adhesion to the extracellular matrix. All cell lines established tumors; however, CSC‐E and CSC‐M2 formed larger masses and produced more metastases.ConclusionThe CSC subpopulations here described show increased cancer capabilities in vitro, tumorigenic and metastatic potential in vivo, and may be exploited in the search for novel therapeutic targets for OSCC.
Calcineurin inhibitor‐related hyperkalemia is caused by hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism and fludrocortisone is an effective treatment: Report of a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Unsal Yagmur , Baltu Demet , Gulhan Bora , Okur Fatma Visal , Ozaltın Fatih , Düzova Ali , Topaloğlu Rezan , Ozon Zeynep Alev , Gonç Elmas Nazlı 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionCalcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are widely used in transplantation. Although CNI‐related hyperkalemia is common (10%–60.6%), the underlying pathogenetic mechanism is not well‐elucidated and may lead to dose adjustment or treatment withdrawal.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe CNI‐related hyperkalemia due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in pediatric transplant recipients who were successfully treated with fludrocortisone.MethodIn a total of 55 hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and 35 kidney transplant recipients followed according to institutional immunosuppression protocols, recipients diagnosed with CNI‐related hyperkalemia were reviewed. Recipients who were receiving intravenous fluid, potassium, or were diagnosed with hemolysis, acute graft rejection, or had an eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2, were excluded. A detailed analysis of clinical history as well as biochemical studies was carried out to reveal possible pathophysiology.ResultsThree pediatric transplant recipients (one HSCT, two kidney transplantation) with findings of hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and a mild elevation in blood urea nitrogen while on CNIs were recruited. Urinary potassium excretion was diminished while sodium excretion was increased. Plasma aldosterone levels were low, and renin was not increased in response. Primary adrenal insufficiency was ruled out, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism was diagnosed. CNI‐related hyperkalemia was detected earlier in case 1, who had HSCT (22 days), than in the second and third cases, who had kidney transplantation (24 and 30 months post‐transplantation, respectively). The discrepancy was hypothesized to be explained by higher overall CNI dose due to higher serum target CNI used in HSCT than kidney transplantation.Electrolyte imbalance was reversed upon administration of physiologic dose fludrocortisone (0.05 mg, daily), while fludrocortisone was ceased after CNI withdrawal in case 1, which is additional evidence for the etiological association of CNIs and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism.ConclusionOur three cases strengthen the premise that CNI‐related hyperkalemia may be due to hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, and the timing and severity may be related to CNI dose. Fludrocortisone is a safe and effective treatment in CNI‐related hyperkalemia, providing maintenance of CNIs, which are one of the essential therapeutic agents for pediatric transplantation.