bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteocalcin Is Related to Enhanced Insulin Secretion in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Winhofer Yvonne , Handisurya Ammon , Tura Andrea , Bittighofer Christina , Klein Katharina , Schneider Barbara , Bieglmayer Christian , Wagner Oswald F. , Pacini Giovanni , Luger Anton , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVEThere is growing evidence that osteocalcin, an osteoblast-derived protein locally acting on bone formation, can increase insulin secretion as well as insulin sensitivity and thus prevent the development of obesity and diabetes in experimental animals. In humans, osteocalcin has been reported to be decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Because gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can serve as a model of pre–type 2 diabetes, the aim of this study was to investigate osteocalcin in GDM.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSOsteocalcin measurement and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed in 78 pregnant women (26 women had GDM and 52 women had normal glucose tolerance [NGT] during pregnancy; women were matched for age and BMI) and in 34 women postpartum.RESULTSDuring pregnancy osteocalcin was significantly higher in the women with GDM than in the women with NGT (15.6 ± 6.4 vs. 12.6 ± 4.0 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.015), whereas no difference was observed between the two groups at 12 weeks postpartum (36.2 ± 10.2 vs. 36.2 ± 13.0 ng/ml), when osteocalcin was found to be increased compared with the level in the pregnant state in all women (+145 ± 102% in GDM vs. +187 ± 119% in NGT; P &lt; 0.0001). Moreover, osteocalcin showed a significant correlation with basal and total insulin secretion in the whole study group (R = 0.3, P &lt; 0.01).CONCLUSIONSIn GDM osteocalcin was higher and thus less restrained than in women with NGT during pregnancy and furthermore correlated with insulin secretion parameters. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that osteocalcin can enhance insulin secretion in insulin-resistant states; alternatively an effect of hyperinsulinemia on osteocalcin secretion cannot be excluded.
Specific Relation Between Abdominal Obesity and Early-Phase Hyperglycemia Is Modulated by Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Healthy Older Women
Authors: DiPietro Loretta , Dziura James , Yeckel Catherine W. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
To describe the impact of abdominal obesity and hepatic insulin resistance on phase-specific glycemic responses in older women.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 23 healthy older women (60–88 years old). Abdominal obesity was defined by an abdominal circumference ≥95 cm. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured in response to a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin suppression of hepatic glucose production was determined using in vivo clamp techniques.

RESULTS
Despite identical prevailing insulin concentrations, glucose excursions 30 min postchallenge (but not later) were greater in women with abdominal obesity than in those without (162 ± 19 vs. 132 ± 16 mg/dl; P &lt; 0.01). There was a strong correlation between hepatic glucose production suppression under low-dose insulin infusion and early-phase glucose excursions from the oral glucose tolerance test (r = −0.83; P &lt; 0.001) in women with abdominal obesity, but not in women without (r = 0.44; P &lt; 0.11).

CONCLUSIONS
Abdominal obesity relates specifically to early-phase hyperglycemia via hepatic insulin resistance, even in healthy older women.
Rosiglitazone Decreases C-Reactive Protein to a Greater Extent Relative to Glyburide and Metformin Over 4 Years Despite Greater Weight Gain
Authors: Kahn Steven E. , Haffner Steven M. , Viberti Giancarlo , Herman William H. , Lachin John M. , Kravitz Barbara G. , Yu Dahong , Paul Gitanjali , Holman Rury R. , Zinman Bernard ,   for A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT) Study Group
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
C-reactive protein (CRP) is closely associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease in both diabetic and nondiabetic populations. In the short term, commonly prescribed antidiabetic agents have different effects on CRP; however, the long-term effects of those agents are unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT), we examined the long-term effects of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin on CRP and the relationship among CRP, weight, and glycemic variables in 904 subjects over 4 years.

RESULTS
Baseline CRP was significantly correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), A1C, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. CRP reduction was greater in the rosiglitazone group by −47.6% relative to glyburide and by −30.5% relative to metformin at 48 months. Mean weight gain from baseline (at 48 months) was 5.6 kg with rosiglitazone, 1.8 kg with glyburide, and −2.8 kg with metformin. The change in CRP from baseline to 12 months was correlated positively with change in BMI in glyburide (r = 0.18) and metformin (r = 0.20) groups but not in the rosiglitazone (r = −0.05, NS) group. However, there was no longer a significant correlation between change in CRP and change in HOMA-IR, A1C, or waist-to-hip ratio in any of the three treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Rosiglitazone treatment was associated with durable reductions in CRP independent of changes in insulin sensitivity, A1C, and weight gain. CRP in the glyburide and metformin groups was positively associated with changes in weight, but this was not the case with rosiglitazone.
Utilization of solid phase spectrophotometry for the determination of trace amounts of copper using 5-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Amin Alaa 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA simple, selective, highly sensitive and accurate procedure for the determination of trace amounts of copper has been developed based on solid-phase spectrophotometry. Copper reacts with 5-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline (BTAHQ) to give a complex with high molar absorptivity (3.17 × 107 L mol−1 cm−1, 3.07 × 108 L mol−1 cm−1, 1.22 × 109 L mol−1 cm−1, and 1.80 × 109 L mol−1 cm−1), fixed on a Dowex 1-X8 type anion-exchange resin for 10 mL, 100 mL, 500 mL, and 1000 mL, respectively. The absorbance at 667 nm and 800 nm packed in a 1.0 mm cell was measured directly. Calibration is linear over the range 0.2–3.7 µg L−1 with RSD of < 1.28 % (n = 10). The detection and quantification limits of the 500 mL sample method are 79 ng L−1 and 260 ng L−1 when using 60 mg of Dowex 1-X8. For a 1000 mL sample, the detection and quantification limits are 67 ng L−1 and 220 ng L−1 using 60 mg of the exchanger. Increasing the sample volume can enhance the sensitivity. The proposed method was applied to the determination of copper in different environmental water samples (tap, pit, spring, and river), food products (rice, corn flour, and tea), and mushrooms, using the standard addition technique.
A graph theoretical approach to the effect of mutation on the flexibility of the DNA binding domain of p53 protein
Authors: Rauf Shah , Ismael Mohamed , Sahu Kamlesh , Suzuki Ai , Sahnoun Riadh , Koyama Michihisa , Tsuboi Hideyuki , Hatakeyama Nozomu , Endou Akira , Takaba Hiromitsu , Carpio Carlos , Kubo Momoji , Miyamoto Akira 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTumor suppressor protein p53 becomes inactive due to mutation on its DNA binding core domain leading to misbehavior of this protein and preventing its interaction with DNA. In the present study, changes of the protein conformation by five hot spot mutations of T-p53C were assessed preventing the mutants wild-type (WT) behavior. While studies of this nature were undertaken both experimentally and theoretically, the focus is fundamentally on the effects of the mutation on the dynamics of the protein. Hence, the basic concept underlying this study is the change in flexibility or rigidity of the protein. It was found that stable variant T-p53C (PDB-ID: 1uol) that is structurally and functionally very close to wild-type p53 is the most rigid structure and each single carcinogenic mutation on it makes the structure more flexible. We hypothesize that these changes of the molecule’s flexibility disrupt the network of hydrogen bonds associated with the interaction of WT not only at interaction but in the internal structures of the mutants as well, which prevents them from interacting in the WT fashion loosing the anti-cancer properties of WT.
Spectrophotometric methods for sertraline hydrochloride and/or clidinium bromide determination in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Amin Alaa , Dessouki Hassan , Moustafa Moustafa , Ghoname Mohammed 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of sertraline hydrochloride (Sert) and/or clidinium bromide (Clid) in bulk sample and in dosage forms was developed. The purpose of this work was to develop a rapid, simple, inexpensive, precise, and accurate visible spectrophotometric method. The procedure is based on formation of an ion-pair complex by their reaction with bromocresol green (BCG), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromothymol blue (BTB) in buffered aqueous solution at pH 3. The colored products are extracted into a polar solvent and measured spectrophotometrically at the optimum λmax for each complex. Optimization of different experimental conditions is described. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration range of 1–30 µg mL−1. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. For more accurate analysis, Ringbom optimum concentration range of 2–27 µg mL−1 was used. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of sertraline hydrochloride and clidinium bromide in bulk in pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from common excipients. The procedure has the advantage of being highly sensitive and simple for the determination of the studied drugs, weak UV-absorbing compounds.
Synthesis and isolation of methyl bismuth cysteine and its definitive identification by high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Hippler Joerg , Hollmann Markus , Juerling Heinrich , Hirner Alfred 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAfter the synthesis and isolation of methylated bismuth cysteine, its initial identification by IR-spectroscopy was performed, whereas for definitive identification, high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS and LTQ Orbitrap) was carried out.
Rheological properties of doughs with buckwheat and quinoa additives
Authors: Jancurová Michala , Minarovičová Lucia , Dandár Alexander 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRheological properties of doughs prepared from wheat flour with buckwheat and quinoa flour addition (2.5 mass %, 5.0 mass %, 7.5 mass %, and 10 mass %) were investigated using a farinograph and compared with those of standard dough (without addition of pseudocereals). The following characteristics were determined: water absorption capacity, water consumption, dough growth time, level of dough softening, dough stability, mechanical resistance, and dough elasticity. Dough stability showed a linear decrease with the increasing content of pseudocereals. Doughs containing quinoa flour were more stable than those with buckwheat flour addition. Dough growth time was reduced with increasing amounts of buckwheat flour but it was not affected in the case of quinoa flour addition. From the comparison of the studied characteristics it can be concluded that an addition of lower amounts of quinoa (up to 5.0 mass %) to wheat flour will not significantly impair rheological properties of the dough but provides for enhanced nutritional value of the prepared bakery products.
Spectroscopic study of protonation of oligonucleotides containing adenine and cytosine
Authors: Vojtylová Terézia , Dospivová Dana , Třísková Olga , Pilařová Iveta , Lubal Přemysl , Farková Marta , Trnková Libuše , Táborský Petr 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAcidobasic properties of purine and pyrimidine bases (adenine, cytosine) and relevant nucleosides (adenosine, cytidine) were studied by means of glass-electrode potentiometry and the respective dissociation constants were determined under given experimental conditions (I = 0.1 M (NaCl), t = (25.0 ± 0.1) °C): adenine (pK HL = 9.65 ± 0.04, pK H2L = 4.18 ± 0.04), adenosine (pK H2L = 3.59 ± 0.05), cytosine (pK H2L = 4.56 ± 0.01), cytidine (pK H2L = 4.16 ± 0.02). In addition, thermodynamic parameters for bases: adenine (ΔH 0 = (−17 ± 4) kJ mol−1, ΔS 0 = (23 ± 13) J K−1 mol−1), cytosine (ΔH 0 = (−22 ± 1) kJ mol−1, ΔS 0 = (13 ± 5) J K−1 mol−1) were calculated. Acidobasic behavior of oligonucleotides (5′CAC-CAC-CAC3′ = (CAC)3, 5′AAA-CCC-CCC3′ = A3C6, 5′CCC-AAA-CCC3′ = C3A3C3) was studied under the same experimental conditions by molecular absorption spectroscopy. pH-dependent spectral datasets were analyzed by means of advanced chemometric techniques (EFA, MCR-ALS) and the presence of hemiprotonated species concerning (C+-C) a non-canonical pair (i-motif) in titled oligonucleotides was proposed in order to explain experimental data obtained according to literature.
The Importance of Vanillylmandelic Acid Determination in Opiate Users
Authors: Janićević-Ivanovska Danijela , Spasovska-Trajkovska Aneta , Stefanovski Branko , Subeska-Stratrova Slavica , Jovcevska Jasmina 
Published: October 2009

The Importance of Vanillylmandelic Acid Determination in Opiate UsersAlthough knowledge about the etiology of heroin dependence is rather poor, it is known that the influence of opiates on the opioid, adrenergic and indirectly of GABA on the dopaminergic receptors leads to changes of catecholamine levels in brain structures, which are supposed to be essential in explaining the etiology of the opioid dependence. It is well-known that by analyzing catecholamine, we get vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), which is found in the urine as a final product. Thus, by an indirect determination of VMA it is also possible to define the catecholamine concentration in the brain, which is the aim of this study. This prospective study included 51 dependent heroin users divided into 3 groups, depending on the length of the medical treatment with a conventional detox method (without treatment, second day of the treatment, and after the 10th day of treatment) as well as a control group consisting of 20 healthy subjects. We used the Pissano method chromatographic-spectrophotometric determination - for estimating the level of vanillylmandelic acid, and a scale for defining the severity of symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome (WS). The results showed that the highest average values of the urinary level of VMA were found in the subjects in withdrawal crisis with a high WS scale score in comparison with the other examined groups (statistically significant) as a result of the high adrenergic level. The average score on the scale of depression was high in the subjects in withdrawal crisis where we also found low values of the VMA urinary level. Being aware of the neurobiology of heroin dependence is of great importance for finding new pharmacological treatments for heroin addiction.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Smoking in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Bećarević Mirjana , Mirković Duško , Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: October 2009

Hyperhomocysteinemia and Smoking in Primary Antiphospholipid SyndromeThe thrombotic tendency in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) shares several pathways with atherosclerosis. Atherothrombosis (atherosclerosis superimposed with thromboses) is influenced by nonmodifiable and some modifiable risk factors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol abuse, hyperhomocysteinemia). Therefore, we investigated the association among clinical and serological features of patients with primary APS and potentially modifiable risk factors for the development of atherothrombosis. Also, we compared the analyzed parameters with those in control subjects. Homocysteine concentrations were detected by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), while antiphospholipid antibodies were detected by ELISA. Smokers had elevated levels of homocysteine (χ2= 6.22, p < 0.05). Independently of patients' age, the association between increased levels of homocysteine and history of myocardial infarctions was found (χ2= 4.61, p < 0.05). Hyperhomocysteinemia and smoking are the most important modifiable risk factors for atherothrombosis in primary APS.
Hysterosalpingography Vs Hysteroscopy in the Detection of Intrauterine Pathology in Infertility
Authors: Shakya B 
Published: October 2009

Background: This study was to compare the accuracy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) with hysteroscopy (HSC) in detection of uterine pathology in patients with infertility. Methods: This is a prospective comparative study done among 50 new cases of primary and secondary infertility presenting to infertility clinic of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from March 2006 - 2007. HSG was performed in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle followed by HSC in the proliferative phase of the same or the following cycle. Intra uterine findings on HSG were evaluated and compared with hysteroscopic findings. Results: Out of 50 cases, HSG revealed normal findings in 49 cases (98%) and HSC demonstrated normal uterine cavity in 44 of the cases (88%). There was one abnormality (2%) shown on HSG (subseptate uterus) which was confirmed at HSC. HSC demonstrated six cases (12%) of intrauterine pathologies and these were endometrial polyps, subseptate uterus and submucous myoma. HSG in the detection of intrauterine pathology had a sensitivity (SV) of 16.7% (95% CI 0.9-63.5), specificity (SP) 100% (95% CI 90-100), positive predictive value (PPV) 100% (95% CI 5.5-100), negative predictive value (NPV) 89.8% (95% CI 77-96.2), false negative rate (FNR) 83.3% and accuracy rate (AR) 90%. Conclusion: HSG is a specific, but not sensitive predictor of uterine pathology. However, HSG did not provide any additional finding in comparison to HSC. Therefore, HSG is not advisable in the detection of uterine pathology in infertility patients.Key words: diagnostic hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography, infertility, uterine cavity. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2271 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 6-9
Early Experience with Low Profile Plate Osteosynthesis for Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Joshi A , K.C. BR , Chand P , Thapa BB 
Published: October 2009

Background: Among various fixation methods for metacarpal fractures, plate osteosynthesis is the most rigid and allows early rehabilitation leading to early return to work. Many authors have reported high complication rates and most of them were because of thick plate. The aim of this study was to report early results of plate osteosynthesis of metacarpal fractures with low profile miniplate. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study. Unstable and irreducible fractures were managed by open reduction and internal fixation with low profile miniplate and were followed up for 6 months. The functional outcome after fracture treatment was assessed by ability to perform acts of daily life and calculating American Society for Surgery of the Hand Total Active Flexion (ASSH TAF) score. Results: There were 16 patients with 17 metacarpal fractures, 87.5% were male with mean age of 31.50±9.02 years. Fourteen (87.5%) patients could perform their activities of daily living at four weeks. The mean Total Active Flexion was 261.76±24.87 at final follow up. Fourteen (87.5%) patients had excellent, one (6.25%) good and one (6.25%) poor out come at the end of 6 months. Conclusion: Low severity metacarpal fractures can be treated successfully by open reduction internal fixation with low-profile miniplate, allowing early and safe mobilization. Key words: low-profile plate, metacarpal fractures, plate osteosynthesis DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2274 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 19-24
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Subba S , Singh S , Khagi AR , Tuladhar R , Lekhak B , Khadka DK , Shrestha KB 
Published: October 2009

Background: The emergence and spread of DR and MDR-TB threat global TB control. The susceptibility patterns of M. tuberculosis isolates against anti-tuberculosis drugs informs an important aspect of TB controls and surveillance and analysis of local rates of TB drug resistance helps in the detection and monitoring of the extent of DR and MDR strains, indicating the quality of TB control in the country. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to find out antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at national tuberculosis center. All the samples were stained by auramine fluorochrome method; processed by NaOH Ogawa Method; primary cultured; subcultured in 2% Ogawa media; cultured in drug LJ media and finally results observed and interpreted. Here Drug susceptibility test was done on M. tuberculosis isolate from each patient by Proportion method as standard protocol. Results: Ethambutol (66.10%) was found to be the most effective anti-TB drug according to the susceptibility test followed by RMP (60.33%), SM (59.66%) and INH (41.69%) against M. tuberculosis. Among 45 isolated untreated patients, primary drug resistance was observed in 20%, to two drugs in 17.77%, to three drugs in 11.11%, to four drugs in 6.66% and primary Multi-drug resistant in 22.22%. Among 250 isolated from previous treated patients, acquired resistance to one drug was found in 23.60%, to two drugs in 12.40%, to three drugs in 16.40%, to four drugs in 18.80% an acquired Multi-drug resistant in 37.20%. Among 250 treated 68.40% (n=171) were relapse,18% ( n=45) were chronic, 7.6% (n=19) were follow-up, 3.2% (n=8) were defaulter, and 2.8% (n=7) were treatment failure. MDR-TB was found the highest in chronic cases (64.44%) followed by follow-up case (47.36%), treatment failure cases (42.85%), relapse cases (27.48%) and default cases (12.5%). A statistical analysis reveals significant relationship between prior history of treatment and the development of drug resistance. However, no significant relationship between age and sex with the emergence of drug resistance isolates. Conclusion: MDR-TB was found the highest in chronic cases (64.44%) followed by follow-up case (47.36%), treatment failure cases (42.85%), relapse cases (27.48%) and Default cases (12.5%). Key words: multi drug, relapse, resistant, sensitivity, tuberculosis DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2277 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 33-41
Rationale of Unfractionated heparin during elective Coronary Angiography
Authors: Malla R , Sharma R , Rauniyar B , K.C. MB , Maskey A , Joshi D , Hamal S 
Published: October 2009

Background: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) has been conventionally used during coronary angiography (CAG). Whether to use unfractionated heparin or not, has been unanswered. Methods: Hundred patients who underwent CAG through femoral route were assessed. CAG was performed without using unfractionated heparin and embolic or thrombotic event and vascular complications were observed during and after procedure. Results: The right femoral approach was used in 92% of cases and the left in 8%. Those patients who underwent radial route were excluded. Male (65%) were exceeded the female and smoking (50%) was the major predisposing factor. There were no embolic or thrombotic event and vascular complications such as bleeding, heamatoma, pseudoaneurysm formation, A-V fistula and retroperitoneal bleeding during or after procedure. Conclusions: Routine elective CAG have shown no significant complication during or after the procedure without UFH. Key words: angiography, coronary angiography, unfractionated heparin DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i1.2278 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009 April 42-44