bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin J2 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus‐1 tat‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1/CCL2 production by blocking the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 signaling pathway independently of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ and heme oxygenase‐1 in rat hippocampal slices
Authors: Kim Sang Eun , Lee Eun Ok , Yang Ji Hye , Kang Ji Hee Lee , Suh Yoo‐Hun , Chong Young Hae 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐induced inflammation, and its consequences within the central nervous system (CNS), must be countered by multiple pharmacologic agents, and 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin J2 (15d‐PGJ2) may hold promise in the treatment of pathologies associated with this inflammatory response. 15d‐PGJ2 can repress the inflammatory response by means of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ)‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. However, its precise role and antiinflammatory mechanism in the hippocampus remain poorly understood. In the present study, rat hippocampal slices were stimulated with full‐length HIV‐1 Tat protein to investigate the role of 15d‐PGJ2 8in the hippocampal inflammatory response. Pretreatment of slices with 15d‐PGJ2 markedly reduced Tat‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) production. Interestingly, the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 did not inhibit action of 15d‐PGJ2, confirming the latter's PPARγ‐independent mechanism of mediating antiinflammatory effects. Despite 15d‐PGJ2's increasing the expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), its action was not abrogated by the HO‐1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), nor was it recapitulated by HO‐1 inducers such as cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP). Moreover, short interfering RNA (siRNA)‐directed knockdown of HO‐1 did not abolish the antiinflammatory action of 15d‐PGJ2 against Tat‐induced MCP‐1 production in human microglia‐like THP‐1 cells. Conversely, 15d‐PGJ2 suppressed Tat‐induced ERK1/2 activation, decreasing MCP‐1 production upon Tat stimulation. The NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and apocynin also abrogated Tat‐stimulated ERK1/2 activation, reducing MCP‐1 production. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the antiinflammatory effects of 15d‐PGJ2 on the hippocampus are exerted through inhibition of Tat‐mediated ERK1/2 activation, coupled with that of a redox‐sensitive pathway, independent of PPARγ and HO‐1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthotopic model of SHG‐44 in the enhanced green fluorescent protein nude mouse
Authors: Zhou You‐Xin , Chen Xiong‐Hui , Xie Xue‐Shun , Huang Yu‐Lun , Xue Zhi‐Mou , Chen Gui‐Lin , Wang Zhong , Chen Jin‐Ming , Su Zuo‐Peng , Du Zi‐Wei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNaturally fluorescent proteins have been widely used in biological research. In this study, we found that the simple and effective way to obtain enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) nude mice is to cross transgenic EGFP C57BL/6J mice with nude (nu/nu) mice. EGFP expression is identified by tail genotyping. Establishment of the orthotopic EGFP nude mouse model used surgical orthotopic implantation. The morphology and human glioma cell markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S‐100, remain unchanged in this mouse model. The tumor blood vessels obtained from the orthotopic model show brilliant EGFP fluorescence as observed by fluorescence microscopy. These findings suggested that this is an ideal mouse model with which to study interaction among host, tumor, and tumor microenvironment; the findings also suggested that the host (EGFP nude mouse) was involved in tumor angiogenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of platelet‐rich plasma combined with allograft bone in the management of displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Li‐Cheng , Lei Guang‐Hua , Sheng Pu‐yi , Gao Shu‐Guang , Xu Mai , Jiang Wei , Song Yang , Luo Wei 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo investigate whether platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) when used with allograft bone improves the management outcome of displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures. Over a 7‐year period, all displaced type III calcaneal fractures admitted in our department (276 fractures in 254 patients) were randomly divided into three groups according to the plan of management: autograft alone (n = 101), allograft combined with PRP (n = 85), or allograft alone (n = 90). Radiographic imaging and three‐dimensional computed tomography were used to assess the thalamic portion, Bohler's angle, the crucial angle of Gissane, and the height, width and length of the calcaneum. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hind‐foot scoring system was used to evaluate the hind foot function at 12, 24, and 72 months postsurgery. At 12 months no significant difference existed in outcome amongst the treatment groups (p > 0.05). However, at 24 and 72 months the results of the autograft, and the allograft combined with PRP, were similar and both were significantly better than that of the allograft alone (p < 0.05). PRP augmented the favorable outcome of allografts in the management of displaced calcaneal fractures, and matched that of autograft used alone. The findings of this study thus support the clinical use of PRP in conjunction with allograft in the treatment of displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1570–1576, 2012
Relationship between limb length discrepancy and load distribution across the sacroiliac joint—a finite element study
Authors: Kiapour Ali , Abdelgawad Amr A. , Goel Vijay K. , Souccar Adham , Terai Tomoya , Ebraheim Nabil A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe assessed the relationship between leg length discrepancy (LLD) and the load distribution across the sacro‐iliac joint (SIJ). A finite element model of the spine–pelvis was developed with different amounts of LLD by increasing the length of the right femur in the model. Peak stresses and contact loads across the SIJ were computed for different amounts of LLD (1, 2, and 3 cm). The load and the peak stresses across the SIJ articular surfaces progressively increased with the increase in the LLD. Trying to offset the LLD surgically by lengthening of the short side, shortening or stunting the growth (epiphysiodesis) of the long side, or by shoe lifts should decrease the load across the SIJ and should theoretically decrease SIJ pain. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1577–1580, 2012
Clinical impact of tumor infiltration at the transected surgical margin during gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hee , Ahn Sang‐Hoon , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung‐Ho , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Yang Han‐Kwang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundWhen transected surgical margins are involved by tumor cells during gastrectomy for gastric cancer, dissemination of tumor cells to the peritoneal cavity may be a concern.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor infiltration at the transected surgical margin during gastrectomy.MethodsA total of 1,717 patients with gastric cancer who underwent R0 gastrectomy were included. The relationship between positive margins on frozen biopsy during gastrectomy and clinicopathologic data was examined. The prognostic impact of this intraoperative event was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsThe intraoperative positive resection margin occurred in 69 patients (4.01%). Tumor size >5 cm, tumor located in the upper third or whole stomach, Bormann type IV gastric cancer, and signet ring cell histology were independent factors associated with that intraoperative event. pT and pN stages were significant prognostic factors associated with locoregional and/or peritoneal recurrence and overall recurrence. Tumor infiltration at the transected margin was not an independent prognostic factor associated with any recurrence.ConclusionsMicroscopic tumor involvement at the margin during gastric cancer surgery does not increase locoregional and/or peritoneal recurrence or overall recurrence independently if R0 resection is achieved by re‐resection of the margin. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:772–776. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apparent seed use by ducks in moist‐soil wetlands of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley
Authors: Hagy Heath M. , Kaminski Richard M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractScientists, conservation planners, and resource managers who estimate energetic carrying capacity of foraging habitats for wintering waterfowl require accurate data on food availability and use. We estimated seed and tuber abundance in moist‐soil wetlands commonly used and foraged in by dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) in and near the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). To identify foods potentially used by dabbling ducks, we surveyed food‐use literature from studies conducted in or near the MAV and compared estimated seed decline rates from core samples to predicted decline rates using published and measured estimates of decomposition. We inferred seed use when observed declines in mass exceeded that predicted by decomposition. In our analyses, we identified 15 taxa of moist‐soil seeds apparently used and 6 taxa apparently not used by dabbling ducks. From our analyses and literature review, we identified 25 taxa of moist‐soil seeds and tubers commonly consumed and apparently used by dabbling ducks in or near the MAV. Removal of seeds apparently not used by dabbling ducks resulted in a 30.9% (SE = 1.3) reduction in estimates of seed and tuber mass in managed moist‐soil wetlands in the MAV. When we retained 3 seed taxa reported by previous studies as consumed by dabbling ducks, but which did not decline faster than predicted in our experimental wetlands, seed and tuber estimates were reduced by 26.8% (SE = 1.3). Inclusion of seeds not consumed by dabbling ducks in models of carrying capacity would result in overestimation of existence energy days by the Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture and underestimation of moist‐soil habitat requirements in the MAV. We suggest scientists conduct food‐use and selection studies by collecting actively foraging ducks in the MAV to confirm our results and increase accuracy of carrying capacity estimates for dabbling ducks in autumn and winter. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of salvage logging of beetle‐killed forests on avian species and foraging guild abundance
Authors: Kroll Andrew J. , Giovanini Jack , Jones Jay E. , Arnett Edward B. , Altman Bob 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEvaluating spatial and temporal variation in abundance due to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances is a central aspect of wildlife ecology and management. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects of salvage logging on the abundance of 22 avian species and 6 foraging guilds in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests affected by beetle outbreaks, south‐central Oregon, USA, 1996–1998. Treatments consisted of the removal of lodgepole pine snags only; live trees and ponderosa pine snags were not harvested. Our hierarchical model requires replicated count data from multiple sample units across several time periods, during which the population is closed, to estimate abundance as a function of logging treatment and management district while accounting for imperfect and variable detection probability. We fit the model to point counts from 12 control and 12 treatment plots with 3 surveys during each breeding season, 1996–1998. We found evidence for a large, but imprecise, effect of salvage logging in all 3 years for only 1 species, the gray flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii). The abundance of the remaining species either did not change or displayed weak positive responses to the treatment. Although 3 foraging guilds increased in total abundance, 2 guilds did not change and the response of 1 guild changed direction in different years. Our results suggest that, unlike most postfire salvage logging prescriptions, selective harvesting after beetle outbreaks may meet multiple management objectives, including the maintenance of avian population sizes comparable to those found in unharvested stands. Future research should consider different sampling programs for those species with large home ranges (e.g., woodpeckers) that may not be sampled adequately using commonly employed programs (e.g., point count stations). © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Temporal dynamics of roost snags of long‐legged myotis in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Lacki Michael J. , Baker Michael D. , Johnson Joseph S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSnags are used as roosting sites by many bats living in coniferous forests of western North America. Thus, providing sufficient numbers of snags both spatially and temporally in forested landscapes is critical to sustaining populations of these species. One aspect that remains poorly understood is length of time that roost snags persist on the landscape in a form suitable for use by bats. This information is critical for forest‐planning efforts in ensuring long‐term availability of snag resources on forested landscapes. We monitored condition of 339 snags used as roosting sites by long‐legged myotis (Myotis volans) 1–5 years post‐discovery from 2001 to 2006 across 6 watersheds in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, USA. Persistence rates (i.e., probability a snag remains standing from yearxtox + 1) of roost snags declined with year post‐discovery in all study areas. Fir snags (Abiesspp.) exhibited lower persistence rates than other conifer species. Data for the Washington area indicated only 4.3% of roost snags likely remain standing 10 years post‐discovery, with half‐lives of all snag species <3 roost‐years. Model ranking of habitat models predicting fall year of roost snags revealed that snag condition models were the most parsimonious in all geographic locations. Roost snags larger in diameter, shorter in height, and with fewer branches on the bole were likely to persist for more years. These data indicate that snags used as roosts by long‐legged myotis are suitable as roosting sites for only a few years before falling. We recommend management policies for coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA, that promote sufficient leave‐trees in set‐aside areas to provide for future suitable, large‐diameter snags for bats in managed, forested landscapes. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Spring snow goose hunting influences body composition of waterfowl staging in Nebraska
Authors: Pearse Aaron T. , Krapu Gary L. , Cox Robert R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA spring hunt was instituted in North America to reduce abundance of snow geese (Chen caerulescens) by increasing mortality of adults directly, yet disturbance from hunting activities can indirectly influence body condition and ultimately, reproductive success. We estimated effects of hunting disturbance by comparing body composition of snow geese and non‐target species, greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons) and northern pintails (Anas acuta) collected in portions of south‐central Nebraska that were open (eastern Rainwater Basin, ERB) and closed (western Rainwater Basin, WRB; and central Platte River Valley, CPRV) to snow goose hunting during springs 1998 and 1999. Lipid content of 170 snow geese was 25% (57 g) less in areas open to hunting compared to areas closed during hunting season but similar in all areas after hunting was concluded in the ERB. Protein content of snow geese was 3% (14 g) less in the region open to hunting. Greater white‐fronted geese had 24% (76 g;n = 129) less lipids in the hunted portion of the study area during hunting season, and this difference persisted after conclusion of hunting season. We found little difference in lipid or protein content of northern pintails in relation to spring hunting. Indirect effects of spring hunting may be considered a collateral benefit regarding efforts to reduce overabundant snow goose populations. Disrupted nutrient storage observed in greater white‐fronted geese represents an unintended consequence of spring hunting that has potential to adversely affect reproduction for this and other species of waterbirds staging in the region. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea in hypersaline sediment from Death Valley National Park, California
Authors: Kim Jong‐Shik , Makama Mfundi , Petito Janine , Park Nyun‐Ho , Cohan Frederick M. , Dungan Robert S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to phylogenetically analyze microorganisms from the domains Bacteria and Archaea in hypersaline sediment from Death Valley National Park. Using domain‐specific primers, a region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the product was subsequently used to create a clone library. A total of 243 bacterial clones, 99 archaeal clones, and 209 bacterial isolates were examined. The 243 clones from Bacteria were affiliated with the following groups: the Bacilli (59 clones) and Clostridia (1) of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (90), Proteobacteria (27), Cyanobacteria (18), Gemmatimonadetes (41), candidate division OP1 (5), Actinobacteria (1), and the Deinococcus‐Thermus division (1). Within the class Bacilli, 46 of 59 clones were tentatively identified as 10 unclassified species. The majority of bacterial isolates (130 of 209) were more closely related to the Bacillus subtilis–B. licheniformis clade than to any other recognized taxon, and an Ecotype Simulation analysis of B. subtilis relatives identified four previously unknown ecotypes. Several new genera were discovered within the Bacteroidetes (4) and the Gemmatimonadetes (2). Of the 99 archaeal clones, 94 were tentatively identified as belonging to 3 new genera within the Halobacteriaceae; other clones represented novel species within each of 4 established genera.
Synthesis and reversible hydration–dehydration system of copolymers bearing a vicinal tricarbonyl structure
Authors: Dei Takehito , Morino Kazuhide , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractNovel copolymers composed of a styrene (St) derivative bearing a vicinal tricarbonyl moiety and various vinyl monomers such as St, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) were synthesized by (1) radical copolymerization of a St derivative with a 1,3‐diketone structure with St, MMA, and NVP and (2) successive oxidation of the resulting copolymers with N‐bromosuccinimide in DMSO to convert their 1,3‐diketone moieties in the side chains into the corresponding vicinal tricarbonyl moieties. Their tricarbonyl moieties were readily hydrated in water‐containing acetone to generate the corresponding copolymers bearing geminal diol structures in the side chains. On the other hand, heating the resulting copolymers bearing the geminal diol structures in vacuo‐enabled successful recovery of the vicinal tricarbonyl moieties to demonstrate the reversible nature of this system. The hydration behavior in powdery state under air atmosphere saturated by water was also investigated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis and self‐assembly of amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]‐b‐ polyamidoamine‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers
Authors: He Xiaohua , Zhong Liang , Wu Xiaomeng , Cai Xin , Xie Meiran , Lin Shaoliang , Yan Deyue 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA series of novel amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]‐b‐polyamidoamine‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers (PPEGMEMA‐b‐Dm‐b‐PCL) (m = 1, 2, and 3: the generation number of dendron) were synthesized by the combination techniques of click chemistry, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The brush‐dendritic copolymers bearing hydrophilic brush PPEGMEMA and hydrophobic dendron polyamidoamine protected by the tert‐butoxycarbonyl (Boc) groups [Dm‐(Boc) (m = 1, 2, and 3)] were for the first time prepared by ATRP of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate monomer (PEGMEMA) initiated with the dendron initiator, which was prepared from 2′‐azidoethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (AEBIB) and Dm‐(Boc) terminated with a clickable alkyne by click chemistry. Then, the brush‐dendritic copolymers with primary amine groups (PPEGMEMA‐b‐Dm) were obtained from the removal of the protected Boc groups of the brush‐dendritic copolymers in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The brush‐dendritic‐linear PPEGMEMA‐b‐Dm‐b‐PCL copolymers were synthesized from ROP of ε‐caprolactone monomer using PPEGMEMA‐b‐Dm as the macroinitiators and stannous octoate as catalyst in toluene at 130 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that integrates hydrophilic brush polymer PPEGMEMA with hydrophobic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron and PCL to form amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear copolymers. The amphiphilic brush‐dendritic‐linear copolymers can self‐assemble into spherical micellar structures in aqueous solution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Intratracheal budesonide supplementation in addition to surfactant improves pulmonary outcome in surfactant‐depleted newborn piglets
Authors: Yang Chia‐Feng , Lin Chih‐Hsueh , Chiou Shr‐Yun , Yang Yi‐Chiang , Tsao Pei‐Chen , Lee Yu‐Sheng , Soong Wen‐Jue , Jeng Mei‐Jy 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSevere respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity in premature infants. The combined use of intratracheal corticosteroid and surfactant in severe RDS, which bypasses the systemic circulation, may not only help recruit the lungs but also alleviates pulmonary inflammation without an increase in systemic adverse effects. Twelve newborn piglets received repeated pulmonary saline lavage to create surfactant‐depleted lungs that mimic neonatal RDS, and then were randomly grouped into a control group (standard intratracheal instillation of surfactant‐Survanta 100 mg/kg); and a budesonide (Bude) group (intratracheal instillation with the mixed suspension of Budesonide 0.25 mg/kg and Survanta 100 mg/kg). Blood samples were examined, and the observation period was 24 hr. The results showed that oxygenation was significantly better in Bude group compared to the control group over time (P = 0.016). The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1 β showed a reduced trend in the Bude group, but was not significantly different from the control group (P > 0.05). Comparing the histological lung injury scores, the Bude group had a significantly lower score than the control group at both dependent and non‐dependent sites (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in piglets with severe RDS, intratracheal instillation of budesonide in addition to surfactant seems to results in a sustained improvement in pulmonary outcome over 24 hr. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:151–159. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.