bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPORTANCE OF COINCIDENCE IN THE FUNCTIONAL AND NUMERICAL RESPONSES OF TWO PARASITES OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION SERTIFER
Authors: Griffiths K. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe possibility of imperfect coincidence between the appropriate stages of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) and two of its important parasites was demonstrated. One of the parasites, the indigenous ichneumonid Exenterus canadensis Prov., which attacks late-stage larvae, has good spatial coincidence; but some members of each generation suffer from imperfect temporal coincidence, or asynchrony, caused by the interaction of temperature influence on parasite development rate and temperature variability between development sites in the litter. The second parasite, Pleolophus basizonus (Grav.), is an introduced, multivoltine ichneumonid cocoon parasite. It may be imperfectly synchronized in its first generation each year and may show imperfect spatial coincidence in all generations through its inability to attack host cocoons beneath approximately 1 in. or more of litter.The intricate relations between parasite and host density, time, attack, and coincidence were investigated using the basic functional response submodel developed by Holling, a submodel that describes changes in oviposition behaviour with time, and a submodel that predicts the number of hosts attacked, given the number of eggs laid and data on the distribution of eggs among hosts. In the two species studied, the effect of asynchrony in one generation cannot be considered without considering the influence of superparasitism. At low host densities, superparasitism largely buffers the effects of decreased synchrony. This buffering effect decreases as host density increases until when each parasite is attacking all the hosts it can, it is almost eliminated. Imperfect spatial coincidence in one generation merely lowers the usable host density. Thus its effect can be seen in the functional response of the parasite to host density. When host–parasite interactions over 25 to 35 host generations were simulated, using initial conditions resembling those ensuing when small numbers of both host and parasite invade a previously unattacked stand, populations became stable after passing through one or more oscillations. Decreasing temporal or spatial coincidence increased host and parasite densities at the peaks of oscillations and increased the ultimate steady density of host and parasite, until coincidence was reduced to nearly half. At this level, the host escaped the regulating ability of both species of parasites.
THE USE OF CRYSTAL VIOLET FOR DETERMINING THE AGE OF SAWFLY COCOONS IN THE SOIL
Authors: Lyons L. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDilute solutions of several basic dyes, especially Crystal Violet and Malachite Green, effectively marked cocoons of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.). In field experiments, 0.25% Crystal Violet applied to soil at 1.0 gallon per square foot of surface area dyed most N. sertifer cocoons recognizably and was not removed by natural leaching or by the water used in extracting cocoons from the soil. Cocoons spun later in treated soil became contaminated but could be recognized by the distribution of dye on detritus adhering to the surface. Dyeing permitted direct measurement of the density of current generation cocoons in late August, when they were visually indistinguishable from old ones.
TWO NEW ACANTHOSCELIDES (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN UNITED STATES WITH NOTES ON RELATED SPECIES
Authors: Bottimer L. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcanthoscelides mucrofer new species is described from Texas and A. helianthemum new species from Florida and Georgia. These are compared with A. tenuis Bottimer and A. atomus (Fall), respectively. Photographs of the four species are included. A. helianthemum had been previously reported from Florida under the name Bruchus compressicornis Schaeffer. The host plant of A. mucrofer is unknown. The following rearing records are reported: A. tenuis from Lythrum alatum and L. lineare; A. helianthemum from Helianthemum corymbosum; A. atomus from Lechea tenuifolia and L. racemulosa; and A. compressicornis from Desmanthus virgatus.
A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR MASS-REARING THE ONION MAGGOT (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) ON AN ARTIFICIAL DIET
Authors: Allen W. R. , Askew W. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA gelatine-based diet for rearing the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), that contains sucrose, evaporated milk, yeast hydrolysate, wheat embryo, cellulose powder, n-propyl disulfide, water, and antibiotics is described. Three consecutive generations reared on this medium were equal in puparial weights, percentages of pupation, adult emergence, and egg hatch, to those reared on onion bulbs. The procedure is simple and two man-hours per week is sufficient for producing 1000 maggots daily.
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF A SWEET-FERN MOTH, ACROBASIS COMPTONIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE), IN MICHIGAN
Authors: Wilson Louis F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcrobasis comptoniella Hulst is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge in early July and the females deposit small egg clusters usually on the underside of the leaves of sweet-fern (Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.). Larval eclosion occurs about 2 weeks later; there are five instars. The young larvae construct small silken cases and feed on the epidermis and mesophyll of the leaf until late October. Then the larvae, mostly second instars, move to the stems and construct hibernacula in which they overwinter. They vacate the hibernacula in late April, construct frass-covered silken cases, and feed on the leaves until mid-June. Pupation occurs inside the silken case in mid-June. At least 19 species of parasites have been reared from A. comptoniella.
THE OCCURRENCE OF DIORYCTRIA AMATELLA AND OTHER INSECTS IN CRONARTIUM FUSIFORME CANKERS
Authors: Coulson Robert N. , Franklin Rudolph T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe occurrence of Dioryctria ametella (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) as well as several other insect inhabitants of Cronartium fusiforme Hedgc. and Hunt cankers was investigated. A species of Pissodes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Eurytoma sciromatis Bugbee (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) were found to be winter inhabitants of the cankers. The importance of the cankers as an overwintering habitat for D. amatella was also considered.
SOME EFFECTS OF WIND ON THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Putman Wm. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarger populations of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), developed on artificially infested young peach trees protected by screen windbreaks than on unprotected trees. In the laboratory rather high air velocities were required to blow mites off the leaves. Agitation of leaves without contact between them had no effect on the mites. Whipping of leaves back and forth caused appreciable mortality of mites on them, and mortality was further increased when the leaves could beat together. It was concluded that wind causes considerable mortality of mites in peach orchards mostly through friction between leaves.
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF THREE SPECIES OF PHYTOSEIIDAE (ACARINA) TO PREY DENSITY
Authors: Sandness J. N. , McMurtry J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractExperiments were carried out on excised leaves to determine the form of the functional response curve of the phytoseiid predators Amblyseius largoensis (Muma), A. concordis (Chant), and Typhlodromus floridanus (Muma), to increases in density of the prey, Oligonychus punicae (Hirst). The curve for each species was curvilinear to a plateau from prey densities of 1 to 70/arena, the average number killed/24 hours at the plateau being 8.5/female for A. largoensis, 5.5/female for A. concordis, and 2.0/female for T. floridanus. From prey densities of 70–300/arena, there was an accelerated rise to another plateau, in which the average number of prey killed in a 24 hour period was double that of the first plateau.Detailed analysis of A. largoensis at a density of 200 prey/arena showed the effect to be due to a stimulation–interference component, which resulted in the predator killing several prey in close succession because of increased prey contact, and because total utilization of each was minimal. During a 1 hour period, A. largoensis captured an average of 1.25 prey/predator at a prey density of 35/arena, while at a prey density of 200/arena, 3.87 prey/predator were captured. More than four times longer was spent feeding on the first prey at a density of 35 than at a density of 200 prey/arena. During the time that the predator was hungry, it was stimulated to capture and kill interfering prey that bumped into it.The functional response curve of the three predators increased in magnitude when waterproofed paper arenas were used. Four possible reasons for this increase are discussed: reduced number of prey eggs for consumption by T. floridanus; lack of webbing, which interferes with searching; increased prey activity; and dehydration of prey, affecting their relative palatability to the predator.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF FLEA FROM TASMANIA (SIPHONAPTERA: PYGIOPSYLLIDAE)
Authors: Holland G. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAustropsylla brevipecten gen. et sp. nov. is described from a single female specimen collected on a potoroo or rat-kangaroo. The genus is closest, perhaps, to Choristopsylla Jord. & Roths., and brings to nine the number of genera of Pygiopsyllidae to be found in Australia.
OBSERVATIONS ON LARVAL BEHAVIOUR AND AVOIDANCE OF ENCAPSULATION OF PERILAMPUS HYALINUS (HYMENOPTERA: PERILAMPIDAE) PARASITIC IN NEODIPRION LECONTEI (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)
Authors: Hinks C. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDissection of 400 diapausing eonymphs of Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) yielded 149 live planidia larvae of Perilampus hyalinus Say. Of these 87% were embedded in the brain and in the ganglia of the ventral cord, and the remainder in various other internal organs, including the malpighian tubes and silk glands. Numerous encapsulated planidia were found in the haemocoel. To avoid encapsulation in this host, planidia of P. hyalinus must enter an internal organ. Resumption of development of N. lecontei stimulates the emergence of surviving planidia, which commence feeding as ectoparasites. During the second instar, feeding is suspended while the parasite larvae search the body of the host for competitors and destroy them.Some of the eonymphs examined contained larvae of the tachinid Spathimeigenia sp. in addition to planidia. None of these planidia survived, nor did they become hyperparasitic.
INTRODUCTORY STUDIES ON THE USE OF RADIATION IN THE CONTROL OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Gross H. P. , Baldwin W. F. , West A. S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThese preliminary investigations of effects of radiation on black flies were undertaken to develop methods of control based on the "sterile-male" technique. Mature black fly larvae were irradiated at various exposures (from 2 kR to 32 kR) and allowed to complete development in aerated stream water in the laboratory. The larvae were preponderantly Simulium venustum Say, determined by inspection of pupae and adults. It was found that percentage pupation following irradiation remained at a fairly constant level (about 93%), whereas emergence from pupae fell from 54% at 2 kR to 0% at 28 kR. Though variable, the percentage emergence of the controls averaged 47%. Adults inspected for radiation damage appeared unchanged at the lower doses, e.g. 2 kR to 6 kR, compared with controls. At higher doses (e.g. 16 kR) the abdominal cavities usually showed a notable decrease in stored fat bodies. The anterior two-thirds of the abdomens were largely devoid of internal organs, many of which, including the ovaries and testes, were found in a degenerate condition at the posterior tip.
AN EXTRACTION METHOD FOR RAPID SAMPLING OF EASTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER EGGS, LAMBDINA FISCELLARIA FISCELLARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Otvos Imre S. , Bryant David G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSoaking shredded moss and birch bark samples in a 2% bleach solution for 45 minutes will release attached hemlock looper eggs. Soaking has no deleterious effect on the hatching of larvae or the emergence of parasites. This technique, in contrast to direct examination, results in a significant increase in the number of eggs obtained and a decrease in counting time. It also permits the development of egg sampling techniques for use over extensive areas and the collection of eggs in large numbers.
A NEW SPECIES OF HOPLOCHAITOPHORUS FROM SWAMP WHITE OAK, WITH A KEY TO THE APTEROUS FORMS OF THE GENUS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHoplochaitophorus spiniferus is described from swamp white oak, Quercus bicolor Willd. A key to the three known species of the genus is given.
NEW SPECIES OF SCOLYTIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM MEXICO, WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES: III. TRIBE PITYOPHTHORINI (EXCEPT PITYOPHTHORUS)
Authors: Bright Donald E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeventeen new species of Scolytidae from Mexico are described. The new species represent the genera Neodryocoetes (4), Pseudopityophthorus (9), Pityoborus (3), and Prognathotrichus n. gen. (1). New locality records for several previously described species are included.
FUNGUS TRANSPORT STRUCTURES IN THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Livingston R. Ladd , Berryman Alan A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult fir engraver beetles were examined by serial paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy. In both male and female beetles small cup-shaped pits covering the top and portions of the side of the head were consistently found to carry fungal spores. These pits usually contained a waxy looking material in which the spores were imbedded. The pits provide a mechanism for fungal transport and storage.
A TECHNIQUE FOR REARING CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA)
Authors: Resh Vincent H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractViable egg masses were obtained from adult caddisflies during revival from CO2 anesthetization. The egg masses were maintained in aerated water and the eggs hatched in 1 or 2 days. Larvae were supplied various food sources (bacteria, algae, and invertebrates) and case building materials. This technique permits casemaking and other aspects of larval behavior to be observed, and allows for complete description of associated larvae.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ABUNDANCE AND ACTIVITY OF THREE SPECIES OF CERATOPOGONIDAE (DIPTERA) IN NORTHEASTERN ALBERTA
Authors: Shemanchuk J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree species of two genera in the family Ceratopogonidae, namely Culicoides obsoletus Meigen, Culicoides yukonensis Hoffman, and Dasyhelea sp. near tristyla Wirth were collected from the area near Fort McMurray, Alta. (lat. 56°44′ N., long. 111°23′ W.). The order of abundance of the three species was C. obsoletus, C. yukonensis, and Dasyhelea sp. C. obsoletus and C. yukonensis were most active during the evening hours and Dasyhelea sp. was most active during daytime hours. Both species of Culicoides were serious pests of humans and animals in the community.
A NEW NEARCTIC DEROSTENUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PARASITIC ON NEPTICULA (LEPIDOPTERA: NEPTICULIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Yoshimoto Carl M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new subgenus and two new Nearctic species, Derostenus (Nearctostenus) freemani n. sp. and D. (Nearctostenus) albipes n. sp. belonging to the genus Derostenus Westwood (nee auctt. amer.), are described with host records and distribution.
INCIDENCE OF OCCURRENCE OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA IN FOREST COLLECTIONS OF HYLOBIUS PALES AND PACHYLOBIUS PICIVORUS WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Taylor John W. , Franklin Rudolph T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLaboratory assay showed Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. to be present in approximately 15% of the combined populations of forest collected living Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus.
THE LIFE HISTORY, BIOLOGY, AND PARASITES OF THE PINE CANDLE MOTH, EXOTELEIA NEPHEOS (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE), ON SCOTCH PINE IN MICHIGAN
Authors: Hain Fred Paul , Wallner William E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe pine candle moth, Exoteleia nepheos Freeman, poses a serious threat to plantation and ornamental pines. It mines in Scotch pine needles during the early stages of larval development and enters the bud during the first flush of spring growth; thereby destroying the trees’ aesthetic appearance and value as a Christmas tree. Heavily attacked trees are severely stunted and eventually die. Adults are active from mid-June to mid-August, ovipositing in needle sheaths or along twigs. Eggs hatch in about 10 days with larvae overwintering in the needles where high winter mortality may occur. Parasitism by Copidosoma deceptor Miller (Encyrtidae) is an important biological factor in controlling E. nepheos. Approximately 37.63% of the population in one Michigan stand was parasitized and about 80% of this was by C. deceptor. Peak emergence of the pine candle moth will occur 1060 ± 32 degree days above 52°F threshold temperature.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAE OF THE GRANARY WEEVIL,SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS(COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE), ON NATURAL AND MERIDIC DIETS
Authors: Baker J. E. , Mabie J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA procedure is described for obtaining free eggs and first-stage larvae ofSitophilus granarius(L.) and rearing the larvae to the adult stage on whole wheat, corn, and rice flours and on diet 2, a casein–starch-based meridic diet.Larval growth rates of males and females reared at 29 °C and 65% R.H. on whole wheat flour were comparable although males attained a higher maximum mean weight. Days to 50% adult emergence (eclosion) were 25.5 and 26.5 for females and males, respectively.Larval growth rates on whole wheat flour were comparable with those on whole corn flour but were better than the rates obtained on whole rice flour; however, growth on diet 2 was improved compared with that on whole wheat flour. The mean weights of 14-day-old larvae were 2.51 ±.40 mg and 1.25 ±.16 mg for those reared on diet 2 and wheat flour, respectively. Similarly, survival to the adult stage was slightly greater (79%) on diet 2 than on wheat (70%). On diet 1, a casein–glucose-based meridic diet, no larvae developed to the pupal stage.
LETHAL AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THREE LASERS ON TWO TROGODERMA SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: DERMESTIDAE): I. GENERAL DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES
Authors: Kobylnyk Ronald W. , Wilde Walter H. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDorsal anterior abdomens of late instar larvae of Trogoderma inclusum Le Conte and T. variabile Ballion were exposed to six doses from each of three lasers. The effects were followed for 183 days after lasing. Ruby (1.6–9.5 j/cm2) and neodymium (4.3–24.9 j/cm2) lasing killed the darker T. variabile larvae at lower doses than those required to kill the paler T. inclusum larvae. Carbon dioxide (2.1–12.7 j/cm2) lasing killed larvae of both species at intermediate and high doses. At sublethal doses, none of the three lasers affected development in terms of feeding, photonegative behavior, diapause, pupation, metamorphosis, reproductive mating behavior, fecundity, or egg development.
A NEW SPECIES OF BAETIS (EPHEMEROPTERA) FROM PONDS IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC, WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Lehmkuhl D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBaetis bundyi new species is described from nymphs which were collected from tundra ponds in the central Canadian arctic (62.45 N., 94.27 W.). Based on measurements of a series of nymphs the eggs must hatch in early July and adults emerge in August. A table is presented for separating this species from other known arctic Baetis.
THE RHEUMAPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA (LEPIDOPTER A: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: McGuffin W. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo species of Rheumaptera occur in North America: R. hastata (Linnaeus) and R. subhastata (Nolcken). All stages of the two species are described and illustrated. Keys are given to separate the species in the adult and mature larval stages. Additional information on distribution (supplemented by maps), habits, and hosts is provided.
EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANTISPILA (LEPIDOPTERA: HELIOZELIDAE) FEEDING ON NYSSA AND CORNUS
Authors: Lafontaine J. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDiagnostic characters of Antispila nyssaefoliella Clemens and A. cornifoliella Clemens are discussed. Antispila freemani is described as a new species. Adults and male genitalia are illustrated for these three species.
THE BIOLOGY OF POLLENIA RUDIS, THE CLUSTER FLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE): III. THE EFFECT OF SOIL CONDITIONS ON THE HOST–PARASITE RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Davies D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe course of the host–parasite relationship between Pollenia rudis (Fabr.) and Eisenia rosea (Sav.) is determined largely by the behaviour of the earthworm host, which in turn depends on soil conditions. Encystment of the host, which occurs mainly at low levels of soil moisture and bulk density, increases the success rate of the infection. Autotomy of infected segments by the host occurs in a higher percentage of active than encysted worms.
THREE NEW GENERA AND FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PYRALIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) FROM SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe following new pyralid taxa are described: Nehydriris excellens n. gen. and sp. (Pyraustinae), Brazil; Udea tenoalis n. sp. (Pyraustinae), Chile; Synclitodes decoripennis n. gen. and sp. (Nymphulinae), Bolivia and Brazil; Proschoenobius forsteri n. gen. and sp. (Schoenobiinae), Bolivia.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE POSTERIOR SPIRACLES IN HYPODERMA (DIPTERA: HYPODERMATIDAE) LINEATUM AND H. BOVIS
Authors: Murray V. I. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEach posterior spiracle is generally divided into three main parts—posterior spiracular plate, fell and spiracular chambers. The characteristic features of these parts and the moulting processes during the development of the larvae are described in the text. The main features in the development of the third instar larva are the replacement of the epidermal cells by chitin, shortening of the felt chamber and sear cord, increase in the depth of the spiracular chamber, gradual melanization of the posterior spiracle, and then its separation from the dorsal longitudinal trunk prior to pupation.
ASSESSMENT OF LOSS IN YIELD OF WHEAT CAUSED BY THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pickford R. , Mukerji M. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies on the damage and losses of wheat crop caused by the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.), were carried out under field conditions during 1972 and 1973. A significant inverse relationship was evident between grasshopper density and grain yield. Loss in yield may occur due to grasshopper infestation in different ways: (1) early hatching of grasshoppers may completely destroy newly-germinated seedlings; (2) a gradual defoliation of the crop throughout the growing season reduces yield and grade of the seed due to reduction of plants’ photosynthetic efficiency; (3) headclipping occurs towards the end of the season when leaves have been completely destroyed. The role of weather factors in shaping the impact of grasshoppers on the crop is discussed.
EFFECTS OF INSECT DEVELOPMENTAL INHIBITORS ON ADULT EMERGENCE OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: McKague B. , Wood P. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult emergence of Simulium decorum and Simulium tuberosum was reduced or completely inhibited in air-agitated stream water by 0.1 p.p.m. slow release formulations of insect growth regulators. Abnormal pupae were produced when S. decorum larvae were exposed to 5 p.p.m. R20458-4E.