bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hilfe für Witwen und Waisen
Authors: Schellenberg Annette 
Published: June 2012

The motif of help for widows and orphans is well attested throughout the ANE, but it is used quite differently in different writings. This contribution investigates these differences by first giving an overview of the ANE material and then asking how the different lines of tradition identified are continued in different parts of the OT (Wisdom and Psalms; Prophets; Deuteronomy). The investigation shows that the way help for widows and orphans is articulated reveals much about the theology/ideology of a particular writing.
Le motif de l’assistance de la veuve et de l’orphelin est bien attesté dans tout le Proche-Orient antique, mais il est utilisé différemment selon ses traditions. Cette contribution analyse ces différents emplois, tout en donnant d’abord une vue générale de la documentation du Proche- Orient antique, puis en interrogeant comment les lignes de tradition ont persisté dans différents écrits de l’Ancien Testament (Sagesse et Psaumes, Prophètes, Deutéronome). L’analyse montre clairement que la façon dont est traité le motif de l’assistance de la veuve et de l’orphelin est révélateur de la théologie ou idéologie de chaque écrit.
Das Motiv der Hilfe für Witwen und Waisen ist im gesamten AO gut bezeugt, wird im Einzelnen aber verschieden gebraucht. Dieser Beitrag geht diesen Unterschieden nach, wobei zuerst ein Überblick über den gesamt-altorientalischen Befund gegeben wird und daran anschließend danach gefragt wird, wie sich die verschiedenen Traditionslinien in verschiedenen Textbereichen des AT fortsetzen (Weisheit und Psalmen; Propheten; Deuteronomium). Die Untersuchung macht deutlich, dass die Art, wie über die Hilfe für Witwen und Waisen gesprochen ist, stets viel über die Theologie/Ideologie der entsprechenden Schriften besagt.
Der Berg Garizim im Deuteronomium
Authors: Jericke Detlef 
Published: June 2012

Mount Gerizim is mentioned in Deuteronomy 11 and 27, at the two connecting points between the central core of the book (Deut 12–26) and the chapters which form its framework. Deuteronomy 11,29–30 combines names of different places where cultic activities are carried out immediately after the entrance into the land of Canaan. Gerizim and Ebal are the places where Israel has to demonstrate obedience to Jhwh after forty years of rebellion in the wilderness. Deuteronomy 27,4 poses a problem of textual criticism. The Masoretic text calls the place of the veneration of Jhwh »Ebal« whereas the Samaritan Pentateuch writes »Gerizim«. I interpret the difference as a result of productive discussions between the two cultic centres in Jerusalem and on Mt. Gerizim in Persian and Hellenistic times.
Le livre du Deutéronome fait mention du mont Garizim dans les chapitres 11 et 27. Deutéronome 11,29–30 combine la mention des noms des lieux où se déroulent des activités cultuelles immédiatement après que le peuple d’Israël ou Abraham soient entrés en Canaan. Garizim et Ébal sont les lieux ou Israël est obligé de démontrer l’obéissance envers Jhwh après les quarante ans de révolte dans le désert. Le problème cardinal de Deutéronome 27 est une question de critique textuelle: en Dtn 27,4, le texte massorétique dit que »Ébal« est le lieu ou Jhwh serait vénéré, alors que le texte samaritain écrit: »Garizim«. La différence pourrait être le résultat d’une discussion productive entre les temples de Jérusalem et du mont Garizim aux époques perse et hellénistique.
Der Berg Garizim ist in Dtn 11 und Dtn 27 jeweils an den Nahtstellen zwischen dem Kernbestand des Buchs (Dtn 12–26) und den Rahmenkapiteln erwähnt. Dtn 11,29f. stellt Toponyme zusammen, die auf kultische Anfangshandlungen im Land Kanaan verweisen: Garizim, Ebal, Gilgal, More. Garizim und Ebal markieren dabei die Plätze, an denen Israel einen Nachweis seiner Bundestreue nach den von Auflehnung gegen Jhwh geprägten Jahren der Wüstenwanderung zu erbringen hat. Dtn 27 stellt textkritische Probleme. Der masoretische Text in Dtn 27,4 nennt den Berg Ebal als den Platz der ersten Kulthandlung in Kanaan, der samaritanische Pentateuch liest hier »Garizim«. Die Varianten werden als Niederschlag der Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Gemeinden in Jerusalem und auf dem Garizim in spätpersischer und hellenistischer Zeit gedeutet.
Monitoring of yeast population isolated during spontaneous fermentation of Moravian wine
Authors: Šuranská Hana , Vránová Dana , Omelková Jiřina , Vadkertiová Renáta 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn enology, yeasts play an important role in the characteristics of the final product. They are predominant in the biochemical interaction with components of must. Rapid identification of the yeast population is necessary for fermentation process monitoring and for obtaining a good quality wine. The main goal of this study was the isolation and characterisation of the yeast microbial community naturally present on grape berries, leaves and occurring during the spontaneous fermentation process of the white wine Veltlin green from the South Moravian region, Czech Republic. The results, based on PCR-RFLP of the 5.8S-ITS region of rDNA, PCR-fingerprinting using microsatellite oligonucleotide primers (GAG)5, (GTG)5, (GAC)5, and M13 primer, showed great diversity of the yeast population. Including grape berries and fermented must, the following yeast species were identified: Hanseniaspora uvarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii, a number of Pichia species such as P. fermentans, P. membranifaciens, P. kluyveri, also Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. Monitoring of the yeast strains during the wine fermentation process of traditional Moravian wine can contribute to the improvement of wine quality.
Distinct Mobilization of Circulating CD271+ Mesenchymal Progenitors from Hematopoietic Progenitors During Aging and After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Iso Yoshitaka , Yamaya Sayaka , Sato Takatoshi , Poole Charla N. , Isoyama Keiichi , Mimura Masaru , Koba Shinji , Kobayashi Youichi , Takeyama Youichi , Spees Jeffrey L. , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The specific cell surface markers on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have been poorly defined in vivo, but in one recent study, an MSC subpopulation was directly isolated from a CD271-positive fraction of human bone marrow cells. The aim of this study was to identify circulating CD271+ MSCs in human peripheral blood and investigate whether the cells are mobilized after acute myocardial infarction (MI). A flow cytometric analysis identified CD45low/−CD34+CD271+ cells in adult human peripheral blood. The numbers of circulating CD45low/−CD34+CD133+ cells (hematopoietic linage progenitors) were significantly lower in elderly subjects without coronary artery disease than in healthy young subjects, whereas the numbers of CD45low/−CD34+CD271+ cells were comparable between elderly subjects and younger subjects. The CD45low/−CD34+CD271+ and CD133+ cell counts were both higher in patients with acute MI than in patients with stable coronary artery disease. In our investigation of the time course changes after acute MI, the CD45low/−CD34+CD133+ cell counts gradually increased up to day 7. Over the same period, the CD45low/−CD34+CD271+ cell counts peaked at day 3 and then declined up to day 7. Importantly, the CD271+ cell counts at day 3 were positively correlated with the peak concentrations of creatine kinase after acute MI. Results of the present study suggest that the CD271+ MSCs are mobilized differently from the CD133+ hematopoietic progenitors and may play a specific role in the tissue repair process during age-related changes and after acute myocardial infarction.
Comparison of health‐related outcomes for arthritis, chronic joint symptoms, and sporadic joint symptoms: A population‐based study
Authors: Canizares Mayilee , Badley Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine predictors and health outcomes for individuals reporting arthritis, chronic joint symptoms (CJS), or sporadic joint symptoms (SJS) compared to those without arthritis or joint symptoms.MethodsData from the 2008 Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 63,134, ages ≥15 years) were used for the analyses. Respondents not reporting arthritis as a long‐term chronic health condition diagnosed by a health professional were asked about joint symptoms, excluding the back and neck, over the past 12 months and whether these symptoms were present on most days in the past month (CJS) or not (SJS). Log Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for reporting arthritis, CJS, and SJS, and for reporting health outcomes (physical activity, pain that limits activity, activity limitation, poor/fair self‐rated health, and poor/fair self‐rated mental health) and health service use (visits to primary care physicians, specialists, physiotherapists, and chiropractors, and overnight hospital stays).ResultsArthritis was reported by 16.0% of the population, CJS by 10.1%, and SJS by 11.6%. Individuals with arthritis were older than those with CJS or SJS. Women reported arthritis and CJS more often. After adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities, PRs of all outcomes were higher for the arthritis and CJS groups than the SJS group, with no significant differences in PRs for the arthritis and CJS groups, except for pain that limits activity.ConclusionCJS were reported by 10% of the adult population. Similarities in outcomes to arthritis suggest that CJS have a substantial impact in the population, and that arthritis management advice is likely needed for this group.
Decorrelation of multiple non‐stationary sources using a multivariable crosstalk‐resistant adaptive noise canceller
Authors: Moir T. J. , Harris J. I. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA new structured approach to adaptive noise cancelling of non‐stationary stochastic signals is given. The divide and conquer method subdivides the problem into a number of sources with a power of 2 and subdivides the solution to smaller problems in a similar fashion to that of an FFT. Hence, with the number of sources 2p, where p is a positive integer, the problem is successively reduced to simpler solutions at each stage of order 2p − 1. In its basic form, the method uses only multivariable least mean squares (MLMS), ordinary LMS, and second‐order statistics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing water resistance of paper by graft copolymerization reaction
Authors: Sayyah S. M. , Khaliel A. B. , Mohamed E. H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe chemical graft copolymerization reactions were used to enhance water resistance of paper by reaction of acrylonitrile (AN) monomer onto cellulosic paper sheet in the presence of comonomer (styrene or acrylic acid or itaconic acid) 1 : 1 molar ratio in dimethyl formamide using benzoyl peroxide as free radical initiator under nitrogen atmosphere at 70°C. The infrared spectroscopy confirms that graft copolymerization reaction occurs onto the paper samples. Water absorption test was carried out following the Normal Protocol 7/81 (water absorption by complete immersion) to evaluate the protective effect of the graft treatment onto the paper sheet. It was found that the three graft copolymerization systems reduced the water absorption of the investigated paper and the reduction of water absorption is directly proportional to the grafting %. The wettability of the grafted and ungrafted paper sheet samples were investigated using the wicking time method which exhibits the decreasing of paper sheet wettability using the AN/S comonomers in the graft copolymerization reaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The effect of soft bake on adhesion property between SU‐8 photoresist and Ni substrate by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Du Liqun , Xu Zheng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSU‐8 photoresist is a negative, epoxy‐type, near UV photoresist and is commonly used in micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) and other thick resist application fields. However, poor adhesion strength between SU‐8 photoresist and metal substrate makes it difficult to bind, even contributes to the lithography failure. This significantly restricts the improvement of image resolution and depth‐to‐width ratio. As soft bake temperature and time are important for the interfacial adhesion property, in this article, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to investigate the effects of these two parameters on adhesion property between SU‐8 photoresist and Ni substrate. According to the adsorption theory, the simulation results were analyzed and validated by experiments. It is shown that with increasing soft bake temperature the adhesional work firstly increases and then decreases, and with increasing soft bake time the adhesional work decreases. This study provides theory basis for the confirmation of soft bake parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Generalizing solubility parameter theory to apply to one‐ and two‐dimensional solutes and to incorporate dipolar interactions
Authors: Hughes J. Marguerite , Aherne Damian , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters are commonly used to identify suitable solvents for the dispersion or dissolution of a range of solutes, from small molecules to graphene. This practice is based on a number of equations, which predict the enthalpy of mixing to be minimized when the solubility parameters of solvent and solute match. However, such equations have only been rigorously derived for mixtures of small molecules, which interact only via dispersive forces. Herein, we derive a general expression for the enthalpy of mixing in terms of the dimensionality of the solute, where small molecules are considered zero‐dimensional, materials such as polymers or nanotubes are one‐dimensional (1D) and platelets such as graphene are two‐dimensional (2D). We explicitly include contributions due to dispersive, dipole–dipole, and dipole‐induced dipole interactions. We find equations very similar to those of Hildebrand and Hansen so long as the solubility parameters of the solute are defined in a manner which reflects their dimensionality. In addition, the equations for 1D and 2D systems are equivalent to known expressions for the enthalpy of mixing of rods and platelets, respectively, as a function of surface energy. This agreement between our expressions and those commonly used shows that the concept of solubility parameters can be rigorously applied to extended solutes such as polymers, nanotubes, and graphene. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Determination of crosslinking density of hydrogels prepared from microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Xia Zhiyong , Patchan Marcia , Maranchi Jeffrey , Elisseeff Jennifer , Trexler Morgana 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHydrogels with four different plant‐based microcrystalline cellulose concentrations were prepared using the self‐assembly technique. The interaction parameter between cellulose and water was determined by the classical Flory‐Huggins theory, and was found to be around 0.44 with weak concentration dependence. The crosslinking density in these hydrogels was measured by both the Mooney‐Rivlin equation and the Flory‐Rehner theory. Reasonable consistency was found between the two methods albeit results from the Flory‐Rehner theory were slightly higher due to the contribution from the physical crosslinks. The crosslinking density values for all four hydrogels determined from both methods were found to range from 19 to 56 mol/m3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Wet spinning of cellulose from ionic liquid solutions–viscometry and mechanical performance
Authors: Olsson Carina , Westman Gunnar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of regenerated cellulose fibers was produced from dopes prepared by mixing and dissolving cellulose of two different degrees of polymerization in different ratios in the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium acetate. Viscoelastic properties of the spin dopes were characterized by controlled stress rheometry. The cellulose solutions were solidified in pure water by the traditional wet spinning technique. The resulting fibers were characterized by means of wet and dry tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization revealed a compact and homogeneous fiber. A nonlinear relationship between degree of polymerization and fiber properties was observed with a moderate difference in mechanical properties in a broad interval of fibers while fibers composed of polymers with the highest degree of polymerization stood out as stronger and stiffer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Harvesting an invasive bivalve in a large natural lake: species recovery and impacts on native benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in Lake Tahoe, USA
Authors: Wittmann Marion E. , Chandra Sudeep , Reuter John E. , Caires Andrea , Schladow S. Geoffrey , Denton Marianne 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The increasing dispersal and establishment of aquatic invasive species in natural freshwater ecosystems has led to efforts to remove non‐native taxa and/or restore native species. An invasive bivalve, Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea), recently (2002) became established in a large, natural subalpine lake (Lake Tahoe, USA). In 2009, experimental efforts were undertaken to harvest C. fluminea from Lake Tahoe sediments using a manually operated suction dredge apparatus.
Treatment and control plots were monitored for a 450 day period after dredging to observe target species (C. fluminea) and non‐target macroinvertebrate recovery rates. A paired Before‐After‐Control Impact analysis was used to assess the short‐ and long‐term impacts of suction dredging.
Physical harvest resulted in short‐term reductions of C. fluminea (1500 individuals m‐2 before treatment to 60 individuals m‐2 14 days after treatment) with significant disruption to benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. The impact to the target invasive species (C. fluminea) was present 450 days after treatment and community diversity (as represented by Simpson diversity index) did not recover after 1 year (365 days) in dredged sites. Certain non‐target macroinvertebrate taxa (Chironomidae and native clam (Pisidium spp.)) increased in suction dredge plots to levels greater than before treatment or in control plot conditions at the end of the study period.
Harvesting C. fluminea significantly reduced population densities for a period of 450 days after the removal. Recolonization rates of C. fluminea and non‐target species over multiple reproductive seasons will determine the feasibility for this method as a long‐term control strategy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of 3‐Methoxyquinoxalin‐2‐carboxamides as Structurally Novel Serotonin Type‐3 Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Mahesh Radhakrishnan , Devadoss Thangaraj , Dhar Arghya Kusum , Venkatesh Sudali Muthu , Mundra Sourabh , Pandey Dilip Kumar , Bhatt Shvetank , Jindal Ankur Kumar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEmploying a ligand‐based approach, 3‐methoxyquinoxalin‐2‐carboxamides were designed as serotonin type‐3 (5‐HT3) receptor antagonists and synthesized from the starting material o‐phenylenediamine in a sequence of reactions. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data. These carboxamides were investigated for their 5‐HT3 receptor antagonisms in longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparations from guinea‐pig ileum against a standard 5‐HT3 agonist, 2‐methy‐5‐HT, and their antagonism activities are expressed as pA2 values. Compounds 6a (pA2: 7.2), 6e (pA2: 7.0), 6f (pA2: 7.5), 6g (pA2: 7.5), 6n (pA2: 7.0), and 6o (pA2: 7.2) exhibited antagonism greater than that of the standard 5‐HT3 antagonist, ondansetron (pA2: 6.9).
The MIA‐QSAR Method for the Prediction of Bioactivities of Possible Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Bitencourt Michelle , Freitas Matheus P. , Rittner Roberto 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the use of the multivariate image analysis‐quantitative structure–activity relationship (MIA‐QSAR) methodology, which is a method capable of relating chemical structures with their biological activities. This in silico method has been shown to be extremely reliable and provides excellent results, even compared to those obtained by costly and time‐consuming methods. Here, a class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors was studied and three new compounds exhibiting high estimated pIC50 values were found. They may be promising inhibitors for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
New Pyrimidinone and Fused Pyrimidinone Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Chemotherapeutics
Authors: Rashad Aymn E. , Shamroukh Ahmed H. , Yousif Nabil M. , Salama Mowafia A. , Ali Hatem S. , Ali Mamdouh M. , Mahmoud Abeer E. , El‐Shahat Mahmoud 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of novel substituted pyrimidinones and fused pyrimidinones (compounds 3–18) were synthesized starting with oxiranylmethanone 2. The in vitro cytotoxicity against a human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cell line was investigated and most of the tested compounds showed potent cytotoxic activity against the MCF‐7 cell line comparable to the activity of the commonly used anticancer drug cisplatin. Treatment of MCF‐7 cells with increasing doses (2, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL) of the tested compounds revealed that the activity of superoxide dismutase and the level of hydrogen peroxide were significantly increased, while the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of reduced glutathione were significantly lowered compared with control MCF‐7 cells. In general, derivatives 11 and 16 revealed the highest anticancer activity among the tested compounds.
An eight‐year study of online lecture use in a medical gross anatomy and embryology course
Authors: Nieder Gary L. , Borges Nicole J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOnline lectures have been used in lieu of live lectures in our gross anatomy and embryology course for the past eight years. We examined patterns of online lecture use by our students and related that use to academic entry measures, gender and examination performance. Detailed access records identified by student were available from server logs. Total views per page of lecture material increased over the first six years, then decreased markedly between years seven and eight, possibly due to the recent availability of alternate forms of lecture audio. Lecture use peaked in midafternoon and again in the evening, although some use was seen at all hours. Usage was highest at midweek and lowest on Fridays as might be expected. Individual student's use varied widely from rates equivalent to less than one viewing/page to more than three viewings per page. Overall use by male students was greater than that of females and gender‐specific differences in the daily pattern were seen. Lecture use was correlated to the Medical College Admission Test® (MCAT®) Verbal Reasoning and Physical Sciences scores but not to composite MCAT scores or undergraduate grade point average. Overall use appeared to be driven by scheduled team‐based learning (TBL) sessions and major examinations. Specific subsets of lecture material were most often viewed before related TBL sessions and again during review for examinations. A small but significant correlation between lecture use and examination and course performance was seen, specifically in the male student population. These findings, along with earlier observations, suggest that varied use of online lectures is attributable to multiple factors. Anat Sci Educ © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.