bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two New Species of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) from the Jurassic of China, with Comments on Venational Homologies
Authors: Makarkin Vladimir N , Ren Dong , Yang Qiang 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Two new fossil species of Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera) are described from the Middle Jurassic locality at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China: Limnogramma hani n. sp. and Limnogramma mongolicum n. sp. Some venational homologies in Neuroptera are discussed briefly.
Survey and Identification of Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Indiana
Authors: Wang Changlu , Zhou Xuguo , Li Shujuan , Schwinghammer Margaret , Scharf Michael E , Buczkowski Grzegorz , Bennett Gary W 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In total, 289 termite samples were collected from 45 counties in Indiana during 2002– 2004. Approximately 89% of the collection sites were associated with artificial structures, and almost half of the samples were from inside homes. The rest of the samples were from forested areas. Termite samples were identified based on their morphological characteristics, molecular characteristics, or both. Five species from the genus Reticulitermes were identified, and the relative abundance (percentage of the total collections) of these five species was Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (90.0), Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) (7.6), Reticulitermes arenincola (Goellner) (1.0), Reticulitermes tibialis (Banks) (1.0), and Reticulitermes hageni Banks (0.3). Based on the distribution map, R. fiavipes was the dominant and the most widely distributed species in Indiana (44 counties); followed by R. virginicus (13 counties). The three other Reticulitermes species, R. arenincola, R. tibialis, and R. hageni, were encountered in only five counties. R. arenincola is considered a rare species and its distribution has been limited to sand dunes near Lake Michigan. However, in this study, two of the three R. arenincola samples were collected outside of its type location. R. tibialis was found in three counties, whereas R. hageni was only found in Evansville, IN. To complement the morphological identifications, a 389-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced from all five Reticulitermes species. Based on species-specific polymorphisms exhibited in mtDNA sequences, a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism—based diagnostic tool was developed to identify samples lacking of diagnostic morphological characters.
Diversity and Phylogeny of Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) in Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
Authors: Gruwell M E , Wu J , Normark B B 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Species of Cardinium are intracellular endosymbionts of arthropods. They are known to interfere with the mode of reproduction in some parasitoid wasp and mite hosts, and they are associated with parthenogenesis in the oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Here, we survey A. nerii more broadly for presence of Cardinium species. In total, we tested 593 individuals in 301 populations, representing 132 identified species of armored scale insects, by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of 16S rDNA. We obtained positive PCR results in 67 individuals of 34 populations, representing 20 species and one unidentified individual. Sequencing of these PCR products yields 20 new Cardinium haplotypes, raising the number of known insect-associated Cardinium haplotypes from 15 to 35. The new host-list elucidates the ecology of Cardinium, which in insects seems to be specialized on plant-feeding Hemiptera and associated parasitoid Hymenoptera. A phylogenetic analysis of all known insect-associated Cardinium 16S sequences reveals deep diversity in armored scale insects and implies horizontal transfer of Cardinium among armored scale insects and their parasitoids.
A Review of the Pterostichi Group of Eutarsopolipus and a Description of a New Species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae), Parasite of Platynus teter (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Husband Robert W , Husband David O 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Eutarsopolipus teteri n. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae) is described from Platynus teter Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Chiapas, Mexico, and compared with Eutarsopolipus pterostichiRegenfuss, 1968; E. vernalisRegenfuss, 1968; E. inermisRegenfuss 1974; E. diunculosusEidelberg 1994; E. fischeri Husband 1998; and E. shpeleyi Husband 2007 in the pterostichi group of Eutarsopolipus. This is the first record of the pterostichi group in Central America. Keys to adult females of 14 groups of the genus Eutarsopolipus and seven species in the pterostichi group are presented.
Molecular Systematics ofCoptotermes(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) from East Asia and Australia
Authors: Yeap Beng-Keok , Othman Ahmad Sofiman , Lee Chow-Yang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAnalyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences (12S, 16S, and COII) were conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationships among the following 11 putative subterranean termites of Coptotermes: Coptotermes cochlearus Xia & He, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren, Coptotermes dimorphus Xia & He, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), Coptotermes kalshoveni Kemner, Coptotermes sepangensis Krishna, and Coptotermes travians (Haviland) from East Asia, and Coptotermes acinaciformis Froggatt, Coptotermes frenchi Hill, and Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt) from Australia. Available sequences for these species and those of Coptotermes guangzhouensis Ping from GenBank also were included in the analyses. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood of the combined nucleotide matrices of the 12S, 16S, and COII genes resulted in two major clades with six subclades: I (C. acinaciformis), II(C. lacteus and C. frenchi), III (C. curvignathus), IV (C. kalshoveni, C. sepangensis and C. travians), V (C. gestroi) and VI (C. formosanus, C. cochlearus, C. dimorphus and C. guangzhouensis). C. cochlearus and C. dimorphus are possibly junior synonyms of C. formosanus with nucleotide differences of up to 1.0%.
Flexible Foraging Behavior in the Invasive Social WaspVespula germanica(Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: D'Adamo Paola , Lozada Mariana 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe German yellowjacket, Vespula germanica (F.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), is a highly invasive wasp that exhibits efficient mechanisms while foraging. Plastic cognitive systems might be advantageous for invasive species given that they repeatedly encounter dynamic, unknown, or unpredictable environments. In this study, we explore memory dynamics of wasp foragers dealing with changing contexts. The aim of this work was to analyze how learning a second task interferes with the retrieval of a first learned task. We demonstrate that V. germanica wasps integrate old and new memories while foraging on nondepleted food sources. Learning a second task interferes with a first learned task when both tasks have different response requirements, probably due to response competition. Memories associated with the first learned task are not wiped out. Interestingly, this pattern of memory interference does not change when decreasing the number of feeding trials. This study provides new evidence about the complex cognitive mechanisms of V. germanica wasps, which integrate old and new experiences after very few learning episodes. To our knowledge, this is the first study on memory interference in social wasps.
Attraction of DifferentTrichogrammaSpecies toPrays oleaeSex Pheromone
Authors: Milonas P G , Martinou A F , Kontodimas D CH , Karamaouna F , Konstantopoulou M A 
Published: October 2009

AbstractChemical cues play a major role in the process of host selection by parasitoids, a process that has been discriminated into several steps such as habitat location, host location, and host acceptance. Egg parasitoids are known to rely on infochemicals of the adult host stage, e.g., pheromones, rather than cues emitted by the inconspicuous host eggs themselves. Here, we show that three different Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species were attracted to the synthetic sex pheromone of the olive, Olea europea L., pest Prays oleae (Bern) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, we revealed differences in the behavior of four tested Trichogramma strains to different concentrations of the host pheromone. Although wasps of Trichogramma oleae (Voegele & Poitale) (IO47) were significantly attracted to two concentrations of the host pheromone, another strain of the same species (IO24) did not show a response to any offered concentrations. Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchai females showed greatest attraction toward the pheromone to three of five offered concentrations. Bioassays with Trichogramma bourarachae Pintureau & Babault wasps showed a positive response of the parasitoids to three concentrations of the host pheromone. Detection of the moth sex pheromone may result in an enhanced searching effort by Trichogramma wasps in an area with host eggs and eventually lead to an increased parasitism rate of these eggs. The results of this research should help enhancing the efficacy of the use of Trichogramma wasps as biocontrol agents against the olive pest.
Tunnel Volume Regulation and Group Size of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Su Nan-Yao , Lee Sang-Hee 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTunnel volumes excavated by laboratory groups of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), and the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) were measured by using two-dimensional foraging arenas. Group sizes of 20, 40, 60, 80,100, and 200 termites were used for the study. Analysis of the images of tunnels taken hourly showed tunnel volume increased and eventually reached equilibrium for both termite species, but Co. formosanus reached the equilibrium faster at lower volume than R. flavipes. Co. formosanus constructed fewer primary tunnels with less branching than R. flavipes and no additional tunneling activity was observed once the tunnel volume reached equilibrium. R. flavipes, however, continued tunnel excavation even after reaching equilibrium, but the equilibrated volume was maintained by filling unused tunnels with sand excavated from newly dug tunnels. For each termite species, the tunnel volume equilibrium was proportional to the group size. The mean individual tunnel volume (mm3 per termite ± SE) of all group sizes computed over the whole experiment was significantly higher for R. flavipes (198.58 ± 1.21) than for Co. formosanus (84.24 ± 0.59). The shape of the growth curves for tunnel volumes indicated the presence of a double feedback system for termite tunneling activity, and we suggest that the positive relationship between nest and population size previously reported for numerous termites species is the result of the self-organized nest-building activity.
Overcoming the Metering Challenge in West African Deepwater Subsea Developments
Authors: Ageh E. A. , Uzoh O. J. , Fleyfel F. , Soala B. , VanBellegem S. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
As more subsea projects mature and with increasing understanding of operations involving subsea wells, the industry is constantly faced with the constraints and challenge posed by the requirements for metering, sampling, well testing and allocation. These challenges are even more pronounced in cases where flow assurance issues play a role especially for long tie-back systems. Current regulation in the Nigerian sector has yet to catch up with these developments and as such operators struggle to meet the requirements.
A number of possible solution to the seeming problems or issues are under study, and with updated knowledge of the systems, it has become imperative to articulate and formulate strategies and philosophies for resolving or addressing the metering challenge for operations in Deepwater Nigeria.
This article analyzes one of such solution in the application of subsea multiphase flow meters
Remodeling of Retinal Fatty Acids in an Animal Model of Diabetes
Authors: Tikhonenko Maria , Lydic Todd A. , Wang Yun , Chen Weiqin , Opreanu Madalina , Sochacki Andrew , McSorley Kelly M. , Renis Rebecca L. , Kern Timothy , Jump Donald B. , Reid Gavin E. , Busik Julia V. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications cohort study revealed a strong association between dyslipidemia and the development of diabetic retinopathy. However, there are no experimental data on retinal fatty acid metabolism in diabetes. This study determined retinal-specific fatty acid metabolism in control and diabetic animals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Tissue gene and protein expression profiles were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at 3–6 weeks of diabetes. Fatty acid profiles were assessed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and phospholipid analysis was performed by nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS
We found a dramatic difference between retinal and liver elongase and desaturase profiles with high elongase and low desaturase gene expression in the retina compared with liver. Elovl4, an elongase expressed in the retina but not in the liver, showed the greatest expression level among retinal elongases, followed by Elovl2, Elovl1, and Elovl6. Importantly, early-stage diabetes induced a marked decrease in retinal expression levels of Elovl4, Elovl2, and Elovl6. Diabetes-induced downregulation of retinal elongases translated into a significant decrease in total retinal docosahexaenoic acid, as well as decreased incorporation of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly 32:6n3, into retinal phosphatidylcholine. This decrease in n3 PUFAs was coupled with inflammatory status in diabetic retina, reflected by an increase in gene expression of proinflammatory markers interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first comprehensive study demonstrating diabetes-induced changes in retinal fatty acid metabolism. Normalization of retinal fatty acid levels by dietary means or/and modulating expression of elongases could represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-induced retinal inflammation.
Maternal Age at Birth and Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 30 Observational Studies
Authors: Cardwell Chris R. , Stene Lars C. , Joner Geir , Bulsara Max K. , Cinek Ondrej , Rosenbauer Joachim , Ludvigsson Johnny , Jané Mireia , Svensson Jannet , Goldacre Michael J. , Waldhoer Thomas , Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława , Gimeno Suely G.A. , Chuang Lee-Ming , Parslow Roger C. , Wadsworth Emma J.K. , Chetwynd Amanda , Pozzilli Paolo , Brigis Girts , Urbonaitė Brone , Šipetić Sandra , Schober Edith , Devoti Gabriele , Ionescu-Tirgoviste Constantin , de Beaufort Carine E. , Stoyanov Denka , Buschard Karsten , Patterson Chris C. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE
The aim if the study was to investigate whether children born to older mothers have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes by performing a pooled analysis of previous studies using individual patient data to adjust for recognized confounders.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Relevant studies published before June 2009 were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Authors of studies were contacted and asked to provide individual patient data or conduct prespecified analyses. Risk estimates of type 1 diabetes by maternal age were calculated for each study, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined odds ratios and to investigate heterogeneity among studies.

RESULTS
Data were available for 5 cohort and 25 case-control studies, including 14,724 cases of type 1 diabetes. Overall, there was, on average, a 5% (95% CI 2–9) increase in childhood type 1 diabetes odds per 5-year increase in maternal age (P = 0.006), but there was heterogeneity among studies (heterogeneity I2 = 70%). In studies with a low risk of bias, there was a more marked increase in diabetes odds of 10% per 5-year increase in maternal age. Adjustments for potential confounders little altered these estimates.

CONCLUSIONS
There was evidence of a weak but significant linear increase in the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes across the range of maternal ages, but the magnitude of association varied between studies. A very small percentage of the increase in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in recent years could be explained by increases in maternal age.
A Typology of the Path of Deictic Motion Verbs as Path-Conflating Verbs: The Entailment of Arrival and the Deictic Center
Authors: Nakazawa Tsuneko 
Published: October 2009

A Typology of the Path of Deictic Motion Verbs as Path-Conflating Verbs: The Entailment of Arrival and the Deictic Center
This paper analyzes deictic motion verbs in various languages using Talmy's framework, and isolates the Path of motion expressed by these verbs. It is argued that the different interpretations of the Path so discovered are attributable to the lexical meaning of deictic motion verbs as well as locative phrases. Furthermore, deictic motion verbs are claimed to be lexically specified for the entailment of arrival only if they express the Path eventually directed to the deictic center. The arrival-time and departure-time interpretations of cooccurring point-of-time expressions are shown to coincide with the entailment of arrival, or the lack thereof, which is inherent to the semantics of deictic motion verbs.
Transitivity in Natural Syntax: Accusative Languages
Authors: Orešnik Janez 
Published: October 2009

Transitivity in Natural Syntax: Accusative Languages
The framework of this paper is Natural Syntax initiated by the author in the tradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by †Willi Mayerthaler and Wolfgang U. Dressler.
Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory. The naturalness judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or "axioms") listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in what are known as deductions, the chief components of each being a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values.
Natural Syntax is exemplified here with language data (all taken from Hopper & Thompson 1980) bearing on transitivity phenomena in accusative languages.
On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves
Authors: Cepowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2009

On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves
This paper presents the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to such design criteria as selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. In the first part of the investigations approximations of selected statistical parameters of design criteria of ferryship were elaborated with respect to ship design parameters. The approximation functions were obtained with the use of artificial neural networks. In the second part of the investigations design solutions were searched for by applying the singleand multi-criterial optimization methods. The multi-criterial optimization was performed by using Pareto method. Such approach made it possible to present solutions in such form as to allow decision makers (shipowner, designer) to select solutions the most favourable in each individual case.
Development of new technologies for shipping natural gas by sea
Authors: Bortnowska Monika 
Published: October 2009

Development of new technologies for shipping natural gas by sea
In recent years dynamic increase of orders for ships intended for liquified natural gas (LNG) shipping has been observed with simultaneous trend of increasing their transport capability. This results from the fact that natural gas has become today the third energy source worldwide just next to crude oil and coal. The fast growth of demand for natural gas and its limited resources would cause growth of its price, therefore better solutions of natural gas transport technology with respect to economy, ecology and safety should be searched for. This paper presents various technologies for natural gas transport by sea with special attention paid to some alternative methods of transport, namely: CNG and NGH ransport technologies in contrast to LNG one.
Ozone concentration in ground-level air layer in north-western Poland - The role of meteorological elements
Authors: Kalbarczyk Robert , Kalbarczyk Eliza 
Published: October 2009

Ozone concentration in ground-level air layer in north-western Poland - The role of meteorological elements
The research aimed at recognising time structure and variability of tropospheric ozone as a function of daytime and nocturnal meteorological conditions, particularly in the spring season (March-May), as well as finding a weather cluster at which the highest O3 concentration occurs. Ozone concentrations recorded every hour during the two years and data on five other meteorological elements: total solar radiation, air temperature, relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed provided the input data for the analysis. The data were collected at Widuchowa weather station, north-western Poland, near the Polish-German border. The highest ozone concentration was observed at daytime day, under conditions of eastern wind, low relative air humidity (about 35%), high values of total solar radiation (about 209 W·m-2), air temperature (17.0°C), atmospheric pressure (1016 hPa) and high wind speed (2.7 m·s-1). It is concluded that the magnitude of tropospheric ozone concentration recorded at Widuchowa is influenced by gaseous pollutants originating not only from the territory of Poland but also from Germany.