bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first example of a patient with etoricoxib‐induced immune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Mayer Beate , Genth Ramona , Dehner Rainer , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: August 2012

BACKGROUND: Etoricoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2, is increasingly used in pain relief. Here, we report the first case of etoricoxib‐induced immune hemolytic anemia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An 84‐year‐old male patient developed anemia 1 week after treatment with etoricoxib. There was no evidence of hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria. Administration of the drug was halted, and the patient recovered without further complications.RESULTS: The patient's red blood cells (RBCs) were found to be strongly coated with immunoglobulin G and C3d. Eluted antibodies and dialyzed serum from the patient were not reactive with untreated RBCs, but with etoricoxib‐treated RBCs, RBCs in the presence of etoricoxib, urine containing drug metabolites (ex vivo antigen), and two of four additional COX inhibitor drugs analyzed.DISCUSSION: Although the causative antibodies were drug dependent usually leading to abrupt and intravascular hemolysis, the patient only gradually developed anemia. These findings together with a positive direct and indirect antiglobulin test may lead to confusion with autoimmune hemolytic anemia of warm type. A nonreactive eluate was the key serologic finding in identifying drug‐induced immune hemolytic anemia in this case.CONCLUSION: Etoricoxib should be considered as a risk in the development of immune hemolytic anemia, with the causative antibodies potentially reacting with other COX inhibitors.
Single Transseptal Big Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation using an Inner Lumen Mapping Catheter
Authors: CHUN KR JULIAN , BORDIGNON STEFANO , GUNAWARDENE MELANIE , URBAN VERENA , KULIKOGLU MEHMET , SCHULTE‐HAHN BRITTA , NOWAK BERND , SCHMIDT BORIS 
Published: August 2012

Background:
The single big cryoballon technique for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been limited by the need for two transseptal punctures (TP). We therefore investigated feasibility and safety of a simplified approach using a single TP and a novel circumferential mapping catheter (CMC).
Methods:
Patients underwent 28‐mm cryoballoon PVI using a single TP. The CMC (Achieve© Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) served as (1) guidewire and (2) as a PV mapping tool. Primary endpoint was PVI without switching to a regular guidewire. Secondary endpoints included: (1) PV signal quality during freezing, (2) time to PVI, (3) classification of successful ablation technique, (4) complications, and (5) procedural data.
Results:
A total of 32 patients (126 PVs) were studied (mean age: 62 ± 11 years, 24 males, left atrium: 40 ± 4 mm). The primary endpoint was achieved in 29/32 patients (91%) and 123/126 PVs (98%) with a procedure and fluoroscopy time of 126 ± 26 minutes and 18.9 ± 7.5 minutes, respectively. Real‐time visualization of PVI could be observed in 61/126 (48%) PVs. Time to sustained PVI versus nonsustained PVI was 66 ± 56 seconds versus 129 ± 76 seconds (P < 0.001). One phrenic nerve palsy was observed. After a follow‐up of 250 ± 84 days 23/32 patients (72%) remained in sinus rhythm.
Conclusion:
The “simplified single big cryoballoon” PVI strategy appears to be safe and feasible. However, real‐time PV recording was achieved in <50% of PVs. Therefore, further catheter refinements are warranted. (PACE 2012; 35:1304–1311)
Pregnancy and birth outcomes of women with intellectual disability in Sweden: a national register study
Authors: HÖGLUND BERIT , LINDGREN PETER , LARSSON MARGARETA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective. To investigate the antenatal health and demographic factors as well as pregnancy and delivery outcomes in women with intellectual disability (ID) in Sweden. Design. A population‐based register study. Setting. The National Patient Register (NPR) linked to the Medical Birth Register (MBR). Sample. Women with ID classified as International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 8–10 who gave birth in 1999–2007 (n = 326), identified from the NPR linked to the MBR, were compared with all first‐time, singleton mothers without ID or any other psychiatric diagnoses during this period in Sweden (n = 340 624). Methods. Population‐based data were extracted from the NPR and the MBR. Main outcome measures. Health and socio‐demography at first antenatal visit, mode of delivery, pain relief during labor, preterm birth and discharge from hospital. Results. A higher proportion of women with ID were teenagers (18.4 vs. 3.3%), obese (20.1 vs. 8.6%) and single (36.6 vs. 6.2%) compared with women without ID, and women with ID smoked more often (27.9 vs. 7.9%). Women with ID had more often a preterm birth (12.2 vs. 6.1%), a cesarean section (CS) (24.5 vs. 17.7%) and used less nitrous oxide as pain relief during labor (59.5 vs. 75.8%). Women with ID had a higher risk for preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) 1.68], CS (OR1.55), non‐use of nitrous oxide (OR 1.89) and discharge from hospital to a place other than home (OR 2.24). Conclusion. Pregnant women with ID should be considered a risk group suggesting that better tailored pre‐ and intrapartum care and support are needed for these women.
Change in self‐reported oral health in relation to use of dental services over 2 yr
Authors: Brennan David S. , Spencer A. J. , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye F. 
Published: August 2012

To investigate change in oral health in relation to use of dental services, a random sample of 45‐ to 54‐yr‐old subjects from Adelaide, South Australia, was surveyed in 2004–2005 (n = 986, response rate = 44.4%). Service use and a global oral‐health transition (GOHT) statement were collected over 2 yr. Worsening in oral health was reported from the GOHT statement by 25% of persons, while improvement was reported by 30%. Prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% CI), adjusted for sex, education, health card status, and toothbrushing, showed that worsening oral health was inversely associated with dental visiting (PR = 0.5, 0.4–0.7) and with scaling and cleaning services (PR = 0.6, 0.4–0.9), whereas extractions (PR = 2.3, 1.6–3.4) and dentures (PR = 2.2, 1.3–3.7) were associated with a higher prevalence of worsening. Scaling and cleaning services were associated with improvement in oral health (PR = 1.5, 1.01–2.3), while endodontic services were inversely associated with improvement (PR = 0.3, 0.1–0.9). Worsening in oral health was associated with extractions and dentures and was inversely associated with visiting and preventive care. Improvement in oral health was associated with preventive care and was inversely associated with endodontic treatment.
Factors Controlling Compositional Changes in a Northern Andean Páramo (La Rusia, Colombia)
Authors: Valencia Jorge , Lassaletta Luis , Velázquez Eduardo , Nicolau José M. , Gómez‐Sal Antonio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to assess the processes controlling compositional change in a Northern Andean páramo highly affected by human‐induced disturbances over the last few decades (La Rusia, Colombia). Along the 3000–3800 m asl altitudinal range, we randomly sampled fifty 10 × 10 m plots. Therein, we measured altitude and variables related to soil conditions (i.e., moisture, nutrient contents, bulk density, and texture), occurrence of human‐induced disturbances (i.e., fire, vegetation clearing, potato cultivation, and cattle grazing), and land‐use history. We also recorded richness and abundance of plant species, identifying them as exotic or native. We differentiated four groups of plots according to their species composition. The groups had significant differences in altitude, soil conditions, land‐use history, and particularly, in richness of exotic species and exotic/native cover ratio. They could be ascribed to shrub‐ and grass‐páramo vegetation types based on their relative dominance of woody and herbaceous species; however, these groups were not arranged according to the hypothetical composition of altitudinal belts, but rather formed a mosaic of patches. This mosaic was determined not only by altitude but also by soil conditions and disturbance history of sites. Our results corroborate recent findings which highlight shrub‐ and grass‐páramo vegetation types as patches of contrasting species composition and structure that depend on local environmental variables, as well as human‐induced disturbances as a major determinant of compositional discontinuities in these ‘high mountain’ tropical ecosystems.
The stretching of Hercules
Authors: Deason A. J. , Belokurov V. , Evans N. W. , Watkins L. L. , Fellhauer M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We present VLT/FORS2 spectroscopy of candidate blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars in the vicinity of the Hercules ultrafaint dwarf galaxy. We identify eight convincing Hercules BHB members, and a further five stars with similar systemic velocities to that of Hercules, but ∼0.5 kpc from the centre of the galaxy along its major axis. It is likely that these stars once belonged to Hercules, but have been tidally stripped and are now unbound. We emphasize the usefulness of looking for any gradient in the systemic velocity of this stretched system, which would further support our interpretation of the origin of its elongated and distended morphology.
Diagnosis, treatment and outcomes for koala chlamydiosis at a rehabilitation facility (1995–2005)
Authors: Griffith JE , Higgins DP 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo document the application of diagnostics and treatments at one rehabilitation facility over 10 years and their effects on recovery and post‐release survival of 88 koalas treated for chlamydiosis, and to highlight associated wildlife care issues with potential significance to animal welfare and disease ecology.DesignUsing a retrospective analysis of medical records, we identified risk factors for successful release using a logistic regression model and descriptive statistics.ProcedureWe examined the clinical presentation, signalment, diagnostics, treatments, outcomes and whether released koalas were re‐presented by the end of 2008 indicating post‐release survival.ResultsRecords of 88 koalas were included. Treatments and diagnostics were directed at the anatomical site displaying clinical signs. Younger age and use of ancillary treatments were associated with successful release. The type, route and duration of the treatments used were not those theorised to result in microbial cure. Despite this, approximately 50% of koalas were released and many survived in the wild for extended periods.ConclusionsWildlife rehabilitators' records can guide research priorities and the development of care facilities and policies. This study identified the need for more accessible chlamydial diagnostic tests and veterinary support of carers, and the need for a more rigorous assessment of novel therapies. Current treatment regimens appear to be moderately successful in terms of clinical improvement, but it is unclear which aspects are responsible for the success or whether microbial cure is achieved. The long‐term effect of released koalas on wild populations requires further study to assess its contribution to the conservation of koala populations.
Photodynamic Mechanisms induced by a Combination of Hypericin and a Chlorin Based‐Photosensitizer in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Gyenge Emina Besic , Lüscher Daniel , Forny Patrick , Antoniol Martina , Geisberger Georg , Walt Heinrich , Patzke Greta , Maake Caroline 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to elucidate photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects mediated by hypericin and a liposomal meso‐tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) derivative, with focus on their 1:1 mixture, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Absorption, excitation and photobleaching were monitored using fluorescence spectrometry, showing the same spectral patterns for the mixture as measured for single photosensitizers. In the mixture mTHPC showed a prolonged photo‐stability. Singlet oxygen yield for light‐activated mTHPC was ΦΔ = 0.66, for hypericin ΦΔ = 0.25 and for the mixture ΦΔ = ~0.4. A linear increase of singlet oxygen yield for mTHPC and the mixture was found, whereas hypericin achieved saturation after 35 min. Reactive oxygen species fluorescence was only visible after hypericin and mixture‐induced PDT. Cell viability was also more affected with these two treatment options under the selected conditions. Examination of death pathways showed that hypericin‐mediated cell death was apoptotic, with mTHPC necrotic and the 1:1 mixture showed features of both. Changes in gene expression after PDT indicated strong up‐regulation of selected heat‐shock proteins. The application of photosensitizer mixtures with the features of reduced dark toxicity and combined apoptotic and necrotic cell death may be beneficial in clinical PDT. This will be the focus of our future investigations.
Variceal recurrence, rebleeding rates and alterations in clinical and laboratory parameters following post‐variceal obliteration using endoscopic sclerotherapy
Authors: Krishnan Arunkumar , Srinivasan Vijaya , Venkataraman Jayanthi 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveTo study the rates of variceal recurrence and rebleeding following sclerotherapy and its effect on clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with portal hypertension.MethodsA total of 237 patients with portal hypertension together with esophageal variceal bleeding were included in the study. There were 138 patients with cirrhosis (group I), 42 with non‐cirrhotic portal fibrosis (group II), and 57 with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (group III). Baseline data and post‐obliteration follow‐up for rebleeding rates and changes in clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded.ResultsIn all, 106 patients in group I, 31 in group II and 43 in group III experienced obliteration of varices. The recurrence of grade II varices occurred in 17 patients (9.4%) during a mean period of 9 months. Rebleeding from varices was observed in 4 patients (3.8%) in group I and 1 (3.2%) in group II, while none in group III experienced rebleeding. There was a significant improvement in ascites, jaundice, liver status, international normalized ratio and platelet count in group I patients after variceal eradication (P < 0.05). The main cause of death in the cirrhotic patients was active liver disease but not rebleeding.ConclusionsFollowing obliterative endoscopic sclerotherapy, rates of recurrence and rebleeding were significantly low when patients are kept under close observation. Disappearance of varices or reduction of variceal size improves the liver status in surviving cirrhotic patients.
Pathophysiology of uveitis
Authors: DICK A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose This talk will overview the pathophysiology of non‐infectious uveitis in relation to recent SUN (standardised uveitis nomenclature) disease classification.Methods The experimental and translational human evidence of autoimmunity and activation of immunity will be discussed. In addition the talk will highlight the pathways and mechanisms of tissue damage that results in sight‐threatening disease.Results Traditionally, despite active immune regulatory mechanisms operative within the ocular environment, inflammation still occurs. Activated antigen and non‐antigen specific T cells are generated in uveitis. The interplay with innate immunity and in particular cells of myeloid lineage both systemically and within the local environment dictate the severity and extent of pathology we observeConclusion The understanding of immune responses during the uveitis open many avenues to potential novel immunotherapies that not only suppress inflammation but attempt to redress immune balance, tolerance and local homeostasis within ocular tissues
Symptoms and signs of anterior uveitis
Authors: NERI P , ARAPI I , CAPUANO V , PIRANI V 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To review the symptoms and signs of anterior ueveitis (AU), based on the anatomic classification of uveitis, iritis and iridocyclitis.Methods Review of symptoms and signs of AU.Results Perikeratic injection, cells and flare in the anterior chamber, small keratic precipitates (KPs) are peculiar findings of alternating unilateral acute non‐granulomatous anterior uveitis, which is commonly described in association with HLA‐B27 antigen and spondyloarthropaties. In such cases, fibrinous exudate or hypopyon can also occur. Patients presenting acute anterior uveitis typically show red eyes, photophobia, ocular pain, and often blurred vision. In chronic anterior uveitis, the onset is usually subtle and patients may be asymptomatic until the development of complications. Viral anterior uveitis is typically unilateral, characterized by recurrent episodes of anterior uveitis. Endotheliitis, high intraocular pressure, and patchy/sectoral iris atrophy are also present. Chronic flare, Koeppe and Busacca nodules of the iris, medium‐size KPs or large mutton‐fat KPs, peripheral anterior synechiae and broad‐based posterior synechiae represent hallmarks of granulomatous anterior uveitis which tends to chronicity. Juvenile Idipoathic Arthritis (JIA)‐associated anterior uveitis is peculiarly a bilateral non‐granulomatous chronic anterior uveitis, frequently worsened by several complications.Conclusion The typology of AU influences its clinical presentation: the clinical findings can vary on the basis of its acute or chronic, granulomatous or non‐granulomatous nature. Specific AU subtypes are characterized by a large number of distinct ocular signs.
Imaging in uveitis: techniques and indications
Authors: HERBORT CP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To present the array of the main imaging methods used or that should be used in the investigation of uveitis and specify their respective indications.Methods Review of the different imaging modalities as well as laser flare photometry (LFP).Results Imaging work‐up of (posterior) uveitis automatically and routinely always comprised FA and more recently OCT. FA usually does not bring new unknown elements as it gives information on the superficial structures accessible to fundus examination but it allows more precise appraisal of the pathology of these superficial structures such as retinal vasculitis, macular oedema, retinal ischemia, subretinal fluid, retinal neovessels as well as optic disc inflammation. OCT gives morphologic quasi‐histologic details of the retina, especially useful because it is non‐invasive and allows close follow‐up. FAF gives information on inflammation induced changes on the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor outer segments but FAF still needs to be better standardized if possible at all. Mostly, these methods fail to give information on the choroid, at least as often involved as the retina, which can only be explored by ICGA. Unlike FA and OCT, ICGA very often shows occult unknown elements. It is therefore obvious that ICGA should be included in routine imaging work‐up of those cases of posterior uveitis where angiography is deemed necessary and choroiditis cannot be excluded.Conclusion Classical imaging methods and newer modalities together with LFP transformed uveitis monitoring into a precise clinical science, as long as these methods are used which unfortunately is far from being the case.
Preparation, fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining – basic requirements of morphological tissue investigation
Authors: KNOP N , KNOP E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose A thorough understanding of the body construction of different cell types and tissues (referred to as “morphology”, i.e. structural study), is a prerequisite for understanding of physiology, pathology and clinics. Morphology is usually performed by use of imaging techniques, referred to as microscopy, and respective techniques for pre‐treatment (preparation) of the object of interest (tissue specimen).Methods We will explain and discuss different imaging and preparation techniques for the morphological analysis of tissues, with a focus on ocular tissues.Results There is a wide variety of morphological techniques that can be differentiated by their resolution or by imaging medium into e.g. conventional light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). More recent developments include confocal laser scanning‐, optical coherence‐ (OCT), multi‐photon‐ and acoustic microscopy, that may allow inspection of living tissues at a microscopical/ cellular level. Conventional morphology (histology) requires a respective preparation that consists of tissue fixation to stop natural post mortal degradation and typically requires embedding of the fixed tissue into a medium that can be sectioned, followed by the actual sectioning, as well as measures to increase contrast, e.g. by staining. This also applies to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM), that displays surfaces, requires the stabilisation of tissue against the energy of the electron beam.Conclusion Knowledge of morphological techniques allows to chose the right technique for your question in order to perform morphological investigation with an optimal result.
Immunohistochemical identification of tissue antigens – principal methological requirements, considerations and results
Authors: KNOP E , KNOP N 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To identify specific components (antigens, i.e. protein or polysaccharide macromolecules) of tissues and cells, these are labelled by specific antibodies (AB). Their localization is visualized by marker molecules. Such techniques are known as immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods We will explain and discuss different techniques for the IHC labelling in histological specimens on a light microscopical level in order to discuss their advantages and disadvantages.Results AB are generated after injection into an animal and are used directly (polyclonal AB) or after plasma‐cell fusion with tumor cells to produce monoclonal AB. AB are incubated on tissue sections, on cells in culture, or on complete tissues. Pre‐treatment of the tissue can block unwanted reactivities, or permeabilize the cells for improved AB entry, or re‐activates antigens (antigen‐retrieval) that were masked by tissue fixation. Direct IHC uses an AB that directly carries a marker and results in simple, quick procedures. Indirect techniques, in contrast, amplify the primary AB by secondary AB and/or tertiary reagents and result in more laborious techniques with improved sensitivity and staining intensity. Markers are often enzymes for production of a visible color signal or fluorescent molecules. It is also possible to perform simultaneous staining of different antigens on the same section in order to show co‐localization of different antigens and to suggest/verify interaction of factors in a biological process.Conclusion IHC is a widely used technique to identify specific macromolecules together with their localization in the tissue and thus provides important information on cell biology.