bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Factor Structure of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire
Authors: Lehman Leigh A. , Woodbury Michelle , Velozo Craig A. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a global scale evaluating the impact of upper-extremity disorders. We sought to validate or challenge the unidimensional factor structure of the DASH.
METHOD. Secondary analysis was performed on data collected from outpatient clinics. Factor analysis was performed in two steps, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To provide further support for unidimensionality, fit statistics were calculated using the Andrich Rasch rating-scale model.
RESULTS. EFA revealed three potential factors (eigenvalues = 18.40, 1.56, and 1.54). CFA was performed fitting a three-factor model. Tucker-Lewis Index (.99) and standardized root mean square residual (.05) values indicated good fit. Comparative fit index (.89) and root mean square error of approximation (.13) did not. When divided into three constructs, only one item misfit.
CONCLUSION. More research is needed to determine situations in which division of the DASH may enhance interpretability.
Driving Simulator Sickness: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Bewernitz Megan , Shechtman Orit 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Guided by the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd edition; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2008), we conducted an evidence-based review on simulator sickness (SS).
METHOD. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, SafetyLit, Google Scholar, and recently published literature. We used the American Academy of Neurology’s classification criteria to extract data from 10 studies and assign each a level of 1–4, with “1” indicating the highest level of evidence. We grouped studies that addressed SS into client factors, context and environment factors, and activity demands.
RESULTS. Client factors (i.e., older clients [&gt;70 yr; Level B], women [Level B]) and context/environment factors (e.g., refresh rates, scenario design and duration, simulator configuration, and calibration; Level B) probably increase the rates of SS, whereas activity demands (vection, speed of driving, and postural instability; Level C) possibly contribute to SS.
CONCLUSION. We classified factors contributing to SS and identified the need for randomized trials to identify causes of SS.
Update on Geriatric Research in Productive Aging
Authors: Murphy Susan L. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The American Occupational Therapy Association’s Centennial VisionAmerican Occupational Therapy Association (2007) articulates the strategic goals for the profession to be science driven and evidence based in major practice areas. In the practice area of productive aging, a previous review of research published in the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT Murphy, 2010) found mostly basic research with far fewer effectiveness studies. The current review article is divided into two parts. Part 1 provides an update on the types of research published on productive aging in AJOT in the past 2 yr (2009–2010). Part 2 examines the range and scope of occupational therapy effectiveness research on productive aging published in a similar time frame in other occupational therapy journals and outside of the discipline.
Center-of-Pressure Movements During Equine-Assisted Activities
Authors: Clayton Hilary M. , Kaiser LeeAnn J. , de Pue Bonnie , Kaiser Lana 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe compared anteroposterior and mediolateral range of motion and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) on the horse’s back between riders without disabilities and riders with cerebral palsy. An electronic pressure mat was used to track COP movements beneath the saddle in 4 riders without disabilities and 4 riders with cerebral palsy. Comparisons between rider groups were made using the Mann–Whitney test (p &lt; .05). The two rider groups differed significantly in anteroposterior range of COP motion, mediolateral range of COP motion, and mediolateral COP velocity. Anteroposterior COP velocity did not differ between groups. The results suggest that measurements of COP range of motion and velocity are potentially useful for monitoring changes in balance as an indicator of core stability during equine-assisted activities.
Regioselective Syntheses of 2,3‐Substituted Pyridines by Orthogonal Cross‐Coupling Strategies
Authors: Koley Moumita , Wimmer Laurin , Schnürch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract2‐Aryl/alkylamino‐3‐aryl I and 3‐aryl/alkylamino‐2‐aryl pyridines II, as important potentially bioactive compounds, were synthesized by applying orthogonal cross‐coupling strategies. Combinations of the Suzuki–Miyaura, Liebeskind–Srogl, and Buchwald–Hartwig protocols gave access to the title compounds in a straightforward and operationally simple manner. Full control over the regioselectivity at the 2‐ and 3‐positions was achieved by using 2,3‐dichloropyridine or 3‐iodo‐2‐(methylthio)pyridine as simple, commercially available starting materials. Within this contribution, efficient and high yielding conditions were developed for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of 2‐substituted 3‐chloropyridines, a transformation formerly underrepresented in the literature. For the synthesis of 3‐alkyl/arylamino‐2‐aryl pyridines, the stability of the methylthio group was exploited under Pd‐catalysis in the absence of a copper source. This even enabled the development of an operationally highly facile (semi)‐one‐pot protocol to access the aforementioned compound class that avoided one purification step. A series of products I and II was prepared by using the developed protocols with excellent regioselectivity and good yields.
Photochromism of Rotation‐Hindered Furylfulgides Influenced by Steric Modifications
Authors: Strübe Frank , Siewertsen Ron , Sönnichsen Frank D. , Renth Falk , Temps Friedrich , Mattay Jochen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of a bicyclic furylfulgide 14 and a (benzofuryl)fulgide 15 with increased steric constraints are described. Their photochromic behaviors were analyzed by means of UV/Vis spectroscopic measurements, X‐ray crystallography, and NMR experiments, and the results were compared to those of the furyl(methyl)fulgide 12 and the furyl(isopropyl)fulgide 13. Compounds 13E and 14E exhibit large quantum yields of 0.57 and 0.53 for the coloration reaction (E) → (C) compared with 12E and 15E (0.23 and 0.17). After irradiation with 350 nm light, 13E and 14E are transformed into the closed (C) forms almost quantitatively, whereas 12E and 15E result in a photostationary state with mixtures of the (E), (Z), and (C) forms. The crystal structures obtained for 13E, 14E, and 15E show that the fulgides adopt cyclizable helical (P)‐Eα conformations with no significant differences in atomic distances in the hexatriene unit. 2D‐ and temperature‐dependent NMR experiments showed that the enantio‐ and diastereotopomerization processes were suppressed in a fulgide for the first time. Compound 14E populates only the Eα conformational state. In contrast, 13E and 15E both exist in the cyclizable Eα and the non‐cyclizable Eβ conformations in solution. Due to the annulated benzene ring, 15E exhibits a higher thermodynamic barrier than 13E, so the “belly roll” process was reduced for 15, but the (E) → (Z) isomerization could not be suppressed. The structural modification of 14 successfully suppressed the (E) → (Z) isomerization as well as the belly roll process. The way in which the isomerization reaction is suppressed by steric hindrance could not be fully elucidated by using these methods.
Concise Route to (–)‐ and (+)‐Aphanorphine
Authors: Medjahdi Mohamed , González‐Gómez José C. , Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an application of two recently developed methodologies to the synthesis of naturally occurring (–)‐aphanorphine. The first method involves an indium‐mediated stereoselective α‐aminoallylation of aldehydes to prepare enantioenriched homoallylic amine derivatives. The second is the epoxidation and regioselective opening of the epoxide to afford 2‐substituted 3‐pyrrolidinols. The synthesis was completed by using a reported Friedel–Crafts alkylation and conventional functional‐group manipulation. According to the same route, the O‐methyl derivative of unnatural (+)‐aphanorphine was prepared from (S)‐2‐methylpropane‐2‐sulfinamide.
Prognostic communication preferences of migrant patients and their relatives
Authors: Mitchison D. , Butow P. , Sze M. , Aldridge L. , Hui R. , Vardy J. , Eisenbruch M. , Iedema R. , Goldstein D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives: Migrant patients comprise a significant proportion of Western oncologists' clientele. Although previous research has found that barriers exist in the communication between ethnically diverse patients and health professionals, little is known about their personal preferences for communication and information, or the concordance of views held between patients and family members.Methods: Seventy‐three patients (31 Anglo‐Australians, and 20 Chinese, 11 Arabic and 11 Greek migrants) and 65 relatives (25 Anglo‐Australians, and 23 Chinese, 11 Arabic and 7 Greek migrants) were recruited through nine Sydney oncology clinics. Following prognostic consultations, participants were interviewed in their preferred language about their experiences and ideals regarding information and communication with oncologists. Interviews were audio‐taped, translated and transcribed, and then thematically analysed using N‐Vivo software.Results: Consistency was found in patient preferences, regardless of ethnicity, in that almost all patients preferred prognostic information to be delivered in a caring and personalised manner from an authoritative oncologist. Contrary to previous research, migrant patients often expressed a desire for prognostic disclosure. Discordance was found between migrant patients and their families. These families displayed traditional non‐Western preferences of non‐disclosure of prognosis and wanted to actively influence consultations by meeting with oncologists separately beforehand and directing the oncologists on what and how information should be conveyed to patients.Conclusions: Many of the communication issues facing patients in the metastatic cancer setting are shared amongst Anglo‐Australian and migrant patients alike. Understanding the dynamics within migrant families is also an important component in providing culturally sensitive communication. Future directions for research are provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the Material Homogeneity of Components Made of Steel Grade 100Cr6 on Distortion
Authors: Prinz Christian , Clausen Brigitte , Hoffmann Franz 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe influence of the material homogeneity of components made of steel SAE 52100 (100Cr6) on quench hardening distortion was investigated. The homogeneity was varied by electromagnetic stirring during casting, and by using spray formed semi‐finished material. The distortion was identified at forged cylindrical rings in a designed experiment. The material homogeneity shows no significant influence on the resulting size and shape changes after single part hardening of symmetric cylindrical parts. Additionally the distortion of eccentrically extracted rings was investigated to decrease strain and increase material inhomogeneity of the samples. Even these samples show no influence on distortion by non‐uniform distributions of the alloying elements. The independency of size and shape changes of the homogeneity of the local chemical composition might be a result of the uniform martensitic structure through the cross section of the investigated samples after quench hardening. So, distortion of other steel grades with lower hardenabilities or of components with other geometries might become influenced by the material homogeneity.
Human α‐amylase and starch digestion: An interesting marriage
Authors: Butterworth Peter J. , Warren Frederick J. , Ellis Peter R. 
Published: February 2011

Abstractα‐Amylase catalyses the first step in the digestion of starch, a main source of carbohydrate in the human diet. Amylase present in human saliva was one of the first enzymes ever to be recognised but many puzzles remain about the molecular mechanisms involved in amylolysis of starch and even of the physiological role of the salivary amylase itself. Native starch granules represent a formidable challenge for attack from an enzyme in solution. Moreover the frequently reported differences in the susceptibility to amylolysis of starches from various botanical species, plus the changes that occur in starch structure and properties during domestic and commercial food processing means that studies of the enzymology of starch digestion can be challenging. We review the molecular properties of mammalian α‐amylase including its genetics, and speculate on the role of salivary amylase in digestion of dietary starch. Also considered are enzyme kinetic approaches that have been used in vitro studies of amylase digestion of starches. Such studies can result in better understanding of reasons for the differences in glycaemic responses of humans following ingestion of different starch containing foods.
Persistent Elevation of C‐Reactive Protein Following Esophagogastric Cancer Resection as a Predictor of Postoperative Surgical Site Infectious Complications
Authors: Dutta Sumanta , Fullarton Grant M. , Forshaw Matthew J. , Horgan Paul G. , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundInfectious complications, particularly in the form of anastomotic leaks (ALs) or surgical site infections (SSIs), represent a serious morbidity after esophagogastric cancer resections. Therefore, early detection is of paramount importance. Although markers of the systemic inflammatory response, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WCC), have been used in this regard, their relative predictive value is unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine serial postoperative WCC, albumin, and CRP and their diagnostic accuracy in case of infectious complications.Patients and MethodsWhite cell count, albumin, and CRP were routinely measured postoperatively for 7 days in 136 consecutive patients who had undergone esophagogastric cancer resection. All postoperative complications were recorded. The diagnostic accuracy of the WCC, albumin, and CRP values were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis with surgical site and remote infectious complications as outcome measures.ResultsFifty‐four (40%) patients developed infectious complications, and 17 of them developed an AL. CRP was significantly higher from postoperative day (POD) 3 onward in those patients who developed an AL. On POD 3, a threshold reading of 180 mg/l was associated with development of an AL, providing a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 63%. On POD 4, the same CRP threshold of 180 mg/l provided 71% sensitivity and 83% specificity.ConclusionsPostoperative CRP measurements on PODs 3 and 4 are clinically useful in predicting surgical site infectious complications, in particular an AL, after resection for esophagogastric cancer.
Temporal shifts and niche overlapping in Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) communities reared in cactus species in a central Mexican scrubland
Authors: Martínez‐Falcón Ana Paola , Marcos‐García Ma. Ángeles , Moreno Claudia E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSemiarid scrubland communities are highly dynamic in terms of their species composition, abundance, and functioning, given the drastic changes in climate among seasons. Spatiotemporal patterns of saprophagous Copestylum (Diptera: Syrphidae) communities in different cactus species richness have not yet been studied, although seasonal changes and plant species richness have been shown to strongly impact the diversity and distribution of many insect communities in scrublands. We analyzed the impact of seasonality and of habitat type (disturbed and undisturbed) on Copestylum communities reared from cactus species at the Barranca de Metztitlán Biosphere Reserve, in central Mexico, by comparing their community structure between seasons and habitats, and assessing the contribution of diversity components for the total diversity of this genus. We also measured patterns of temporal niche overlap among hoverfly species considering their breeding medium. Seasonal variation influenced Copestylum community composition most significantly. Species richness and abundance of Copestylum were higher in the rainy season. Additive partitioning of diversity showed that the main component for species richness is beta diversity between seasons. We detected high niche overlap during the dry season and low overlap during the rainy season. This study provides evidence of temporal shifts in xeric hoverfly communities and suggests that the Copestylum species partition resources over time.
Epicondylectomy versus Denervation for Lateral Humeral Epicondylitis
Authors: Berry Nada , Neumeister Michael W. , Russell Robert C. , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: February 2011

Background Traditional management of lateral humeral epicondylitis (“tennis elbow”) relies upon antiinflammatory medication, rehabilitation, steroid injection, counterforce splinting, and, finally, surgery to the common extensor origin. The diversity of surgical approaches for lateral humeral epicondylitis (LHE) suggests perhaps that the ideal technique has not been determined. Denervation of the lateral humeral epicondyle is the concept of interrupting the neural pathway that transmits the pain message. Epicondylectomy may accomplish its relief of LHE by denervating the epicondyle. Methods Since it is known that the posterior branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm innervates the lateral humeral epicondyle, 30 patients who were treated surgically for refractory LHE were retrospectively evaluated. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients who were treated with epicondylectomy alone, group II consisted of seven patients who were treated with lateral epicondylectomy plus neurectomy, and group III consisted of seven patients treated with lateral denervation alone. Results Denervation alone gave statistically significantly greater improvement in pain relief ( p<0.001) and statistically significantly faster return to work than did epicondylectomy alone ( p<0.001). Denervation plus epicondylectomy gave results that were the same as denervation alone. Conclusion It is concluded that denervation gives significant relief from LHE once traditional non-surgical treatment has failed.
Non‐uptake of colposcopy in a resource‐poor setting
Authors: Chigbu Chibuike O. , Aniebue Uzo U. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the rate of acceptance/refusal of colposcopy and the reasons for refusal by women referred for the procedure in southeast Nigeria.MethodsAn audit was performed of the computerized database for all women referred for colposcopy at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from August 1, 2009, to July 31, 2010. The characteristics of those who accepted colposcopy were compared with those who refused the procedure. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to assess reasons for refusal and the subsequent treatment chosen.ResultsDuring the study period, 154 women were referred for colposcopy: 103 (66.9%) accepted and 51 (33.1%) refused. Those who refused were younger and tended to be nulliparous (P = 0.029 and P = 0.004, respectively). The most common reasons for refusal were fears of possible diagnosis of cervical cancer and compromise of future fertility. Most women who refused resorted to spiritual healing.ConclusionThe rate of refusal of colposcopy in southeast Nigeria was high, indicating an urgent need for appropriate remedial measures instituted through intensive education of women regarding cervical cancer and its prevention. Targeted counseling should be initiated early as part of prescreening counseling.
Genetic structure and diversity of a collection ofBrassica rapasubsp.rapaL. revealed by simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: SOENGAS P. , CARTEA M. E. , FRANCISCO M. , LEMA M. , VELASCO P. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYBrassica rapasubsp.rapaL. includes three different crops: turnips (roots), turnip greens (leaves) and turnip tops (inflorescences). A collection ofB. rapasubsp.rapafrom north-western Spain is currently kept at ‘Misión Biológica de Galicia’ (a research centre of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain). This collection has been characterized based on morphological and agronomical traits. A better understanding of the genetic diversity present in the collection is necessary in order to optimize its use and maintenance. The objectives of the present work were to assess the genetic diversity present in theB. rapasubsp.rapacollection, to establish genetic relationships among populations and to study the genetic structure of the collection. Eighty populations were analysed based on 18 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Populations showed a broad range of genetic diversity, thus offering good potential for further genetic improvement. Most of the variability was found within the population level, probably due to high rates of allogamy, to migration and/or interchange of seed among local growers. Populations showed a low level of differentiation, grouping in just one cluster, and therefore they can be considered as samples of a highly variable metapopulation that can be used forB. rapabreeding programmes.
Molecular and morphological circumscription ofMesocestoidestapeworms from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in central Europe
Authors: HRČKOVA GABRIELA , MITERPÁKOVÁ MARTINA , O'CONNOR ANNE , ŠNÁBEL VILIAM , OLSON PETER D. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYHere we examine 3157 foxes from 6 districts of the Slovak Republic in order to determine for the first time the distribution, prevalence and identity ofMesocestodesspp. endemic to this part of central Europe. During the period 2001–2006, an average of 41·9% of foxes were found to harbourMesocestoidesinfections. Among the samples we confirmed the widespread and common occurrence ofM. litteratus(Batsch, 1786), and report the presence, for the first time, ofM. lineatus(Goeze, 1782) in the Slovak Republic, where it has a more restricted geographical range and low prevalence (7%). Using a combination of 12S rDNA, CO1 and ND1 mitochondrial gene sequences together with analysis of 13 morphometric characters, we show that the two species are genetically distinct and can be differentiated by discrete breaks in the ranges of the male and female reproductive characters, but not by the more commonly examined characters of the scolex and strobila. Estimates of interspecific divergence withinMesocestoidesranged from 9 to 18%, whereas intraspecific variation was less than 2%, and phylogenetic analyses of the data showed that despite overlapping geographical ranges, the two commonly reported European species are not closely related, withM. litteratusmore closely allied to North American isolates ofMesocestoidesthan toM. lineatus. We confirm that morphological analysis of reproductive organs can be used to reliably discriminate between these often sympatric species obtained from red foxes.