bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seamounts as refugia from ocean acidification for cold‐water stony corals
Authors: Tittensor Derek P. , Baco Amy R. , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Orr James C. , Rogers Alex D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCold‐water stony corals create habitat for a diverse range of deep‐water species but are thought to be threatened by ocean acidification due to oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. Knowledge of the severity of this threat is hampered by our limited understanding of the distribution and habitat requirements of these corals. Here we estimate the global acidification threat to these organisms using a global database of cold‐water stony coral records and a species distribution modelling approach. We parameterised the models using present‐day environmental data, and then replaced these data with future projections of ocean chemistry from the year 2099. We found suitable coral habitat to be very heterogeneously distributed, being concentrated in the northern North Atlantic and around New Zealand. Projected changes in ocean chemistry induced a pronounced reduction in habitat suitability in the North Atlantic, and a low‐to‐moderate impact elsewhere under both the IPCC IS92a and S650 scenarios. Seamount summits are impacted by these changes, but consistently provide more suitable habitat than the surrounding seafloor, with around 98% of seamount summits having higher suitability in both future scenarios; this is because they lie in shallower waters with a higher aragonite saturation state. These results suggest that anthropogenic‐induced changes in ocean chemistry are likely to severely impact cold‐water stony coral habitat in the deep‐sea of the North Atlantic, and that impacts will be less severe elsewhere. We predict that coral communities on the summits and upper slopes of seamounts will be less susceptible to ocean acidification during this century than those on the surrounding seafloor, and thus that seamounts may serve as temporary refugia.
Survey of pediatric ward hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection after the introduction of palivizumab to high‐risk infants in Japan
Authors: Kusuda Satoshi , Takahashi Naoto , Saitoh Takami , Terai Masaru , Kaneda Hisashi , Kato Yuichi , Ohashi Atsushi , Watabe Shinichi , Joh‐o Kunitaka , Hirai Katsuki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of hospitalization during the winter among infants and young children. In 2002 palivizumab was introduced to high‐risk infants for RSV hospitalization in Japan. It is important to characterize the hospitalized children due to RSV infection after the introduction of palivizumab.Methods:  A survey was conducted to collect the data from the hospitalized children at 12 participating hospitals during the winter of 2007.Results:  From October 2007 through April 2008, 8163 children were admitted to participating hospitals, with RSV infection accounting for 811 of those hospitalizations. Mean age in children with RSV infection at hospitalization was 12.4 ± 12.7 months, and children under 24 months of age accounted for 86.4%. The mean gestational age of those at birth was 38.0 ± 2.6 weeks, with 82.4% of the children born at term. Palivizumab was administered in 24 cases of RSV infection, while there were 28 patients who were not treated with palivizumab, even though they met the indication for palivizumab. Death, in a total of five cases, occurred in children who were not treated with palivizumab.Conclusions:  Palivizumab has been widely used in high‐risk infants who were covered by health insurance, and most of the hospitalized children with RSV infection in the study hospitals were not treated with palivizumab.
Diagnosis of invasion depth in early colorectal carcinoma by pit pattern analysis with magnifying endoscopy
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Haruma Ken , Nagata Shinji , Oka Shiro , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: September 2010

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify whether various pit patterns on the surface of colorectal tumors are associated with various levels of submucosal invasion.Methods: We examined pathologic features of the pit pattern of the tumor surface in 457 colorectal adenomas and early carcinomas. The examinations involved the use of magnifying endoscopy with indigocarmine dye spraying or crystal violet staining methods. Regarding the pit pattern classification, we used the types I, II, IIIL, IIIS, IV, VA and VN. We subclassified the VN pit pattern according to the area of the tumor surface covered into grades A (small), B (medium) and C (large).Results: Magnifying colonoscopic observation revealed the rates of submucosal invasion associated with specific pit patterns to be 1% (3/213) for IIIL, 5% (2/42) for IIIS, 8% (4/57) for IV, 14% (13/93) for VA and 80% (42/52) for VN. The rates of submucosal massive invasion (> 400 μm) associated with specific pit patterns was 0% (0/213) for IIIL, 0% (0/42) for IIIS, 4% (2/57) for IV, 5% (5/93) for VA and 72% (38/52) for VN. Within the VN pit pattern subclassification, the incidence of submucosal invasion ≥ 1500 μm was found each grade (A, B & C): 5% (1/19) for grade A, 64% (14/22) for grade B and 93% (13/14) for grade C.Conclusion: Determination of pit pattern is useful for prediction of submucosal invasion depth and for decisions concerning treatment in colorectal tumors. Lesions with VA and non‐grade C VN pit patterns are candidates for total endoscopic resection. A grade C VN pit pattern is a definite indicator of severely invasive submucosal carcinoma, which is unresectable by endoscopic resection.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC LESIONS BY MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY
Authors: Niwa Yasumasa , Ohashi Akira , Miyahara Ryouji , Ohmiya Naoki , Goto Hidemi 
Published: September 2010

SummaryWe performed magnifying endoscopy for patients with suspected gastric diseases. Among these patients, 67 patients with early gastric cancer and 31 benign gastric diseases were enrolled in this study. The patients with early gastric cancer included 46 differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (33 mucosal cancer, 13 submucosal cancer) and 21 non‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (12 mucosal cancer, 9 submucosal cancer). The benign gastric lesions included 23 gastric ulcer or gastric ulcer scars, three gastritis, and five gastric adenomas. Small regular patterns were observed; 39% in differentiated adenocarcinoma, 5% in undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, and 19% in benign gastric diseases. Irregular patterns were observed 37%, 52%, and 6%. Lack of visible structure was observed 18%, 90%, and 10%. Abnormal vessels were observed 26%, 81%, and 16%. Small regular patterns were observed significantly more frequently in differentiated adenocarcinoma than in undifferentiated adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). Lack of visible structure and Irregular patterns were observed significantly more frequently in undifferentiated adenocarcinoma than in differentiated adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). In order to spread this useful endoscopy widely easy recognition of abnormality, histological backbone, and further technical developments in hardware and software should be required.
LAPAROSCOPIC FEATURES AND INTEROBSERVER VARIATION OF HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NON‐ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Miyaoka Hiroaki , Michitaka Kojiro , Tokumoto Yoshio , Miyake Teruki , Shigematsu Shuichiro , Soga Yoshiko , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi , Matsuura Bunzo , Horiike Norio , Onji Morikazu 
Published: September 2010

Background: There is a lack of information regarding the laparoscopic features and interobserver variation of histological diagnosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods: Thirty‐five patients with NAFLD were studied for laparoscopic and histological findings. For the study of interobserver variation of histological diagnosis, two pathologists from different hospitals independently observed the 35 liver samples with patient names blinded to the pathologists. Assessment of laparoscopic findings on the diagnosis of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was also investigated.Results: Histological diagnoses of the two pathologists were identical in 28 (five fatty liver, 23 NASH) patients, whereas they were not identical in seven patients (20%). The difference of diagnosis was mainly caused by the difference of judgment of minimal fibrosis and minimal necroinflammatory grade. Analysis of the laparoscopic findings revealed that small regular depressions were frequently found on the liver surface in patients with NASH. Scatter of dye on the liver surface facilitated the observation of this finding. Sensitivity and specificity of small depressions in the diagnosis of NASH was 73.9% and 80.0%, respectively.Conclusion: Interobserver variation of the diagnosis was found in 20% of patients with NAFLD. Small regular depressions were characteristic findings of NASH. Laparoscopy is assessed to be useful for diagnosis of NAFLD, especially of early stage of NASH.
A COMPARISON OF BLADDER NECK INCISION AND TRANSURETHRAL PROSTATIC RESECTION
Authors: Miller John , Edyvane Katherine A. , Sinclair Graham R. , Porter Adrian J. , Marshall Villis R. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Between 1978 and 1988, 108 patients underwent bladder neck incision (BNI) for bladder outflow obstruction. These patients were compared to a similar group who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), during the same time period. Only patients with minimal prostatic enlargement (< 10 g) with prominent bladder necks and small lateral lobes were included in the study. In addition, all patients in the resection group had a resection weight of less than 10 g on the histopathology report. Patients were followed up by means of a posted questionnaire to which 59 patients in the BNI group and 86 in the TURP group responded. Pre‐operative and peri‐operative data were also collected from these respondents by a retrospective case record review. This found both operations to be safe with low morbidity and mortality. BNI was better than TURP in terms of shorter operation length (P < 0.017) and shorter duration of catheterization (P < 0.004). No other peri‐operative differences were found. Follow‐up results from the questionnaire showed no significant differences in symptoms between the two groups. Similarly, there was no difference in the number of re‐operations performed over the 10 year period studied. Patient assessment of their operation was initially favourable in both groups (> 80% patient approval) however, both treatment groups experienced a gradual drop in patient approval over the 10 year period. There were no differences in the level of approval between the BNI and TURP groups.
COLLIS‐NISSEN GASTROPLASTY FUNDOPLICATION FOR COMPLICATED GASTRO‐OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Martin Christopher J. , Cox Michael R. , Cade Richard J. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Collis‐Nissen gastroplasty fundoplication is a widely accepted operation for patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease complicated by oesophageal shortening. Assessment of this operation by 24 h oesophageal pH monitoring has not previously been reported. Our aim was to correlate clinical and endoscopic results with 24 h pH studies. Twenty‐nine patients had a gastroplasty fundoplication, as a result of which twenty‐five (86%) had an excellent clinical result, 2 (7%) had a good result and 2 (7%) had a poor result. The two poor results were in patients who had previously undergone anti‐reflux surgery. All 29 patients had pre‐operative pH monitoring. Twenty‐three patients had postoperative pH studies. Oesophageal acidification times were normal postoperatively in 16 of 23 patients however, 7 still had an abnormal study. One of the two patients with a poor clinical result was studied and persistent severe oesophageal acidification was demonstrated. The remaining 6 patients with abnormal studies were asymptomatic. Five of the 6 asymptomatic patients also had a normal oesophagogastroscopy with no macroscopic oesophagitis. We conclude that 24 h pH monitoring after the Collis‐Nissen operation should only be performed to assess clinically and endoscopically poor results.
OVARIAN ACTINOMYCOSIS PRESENTING AS ACUTE PERITONITIS
Authors: Dawson John McL. , O'Riordan Brendan , Chopra Saif 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:A patient with acute peritonitis due to ovarian actinomycosis and the association of this disease with the intrauterine contraceptive device is discussed. Because adequate treatment requires prolonged antibiotics the diagnosis should be sure. Unfortunately if antibiotics are given pre‐operatively culture is usually unsuccessful and thus careful examination of all removed material is essential. As many of these women are of child bearing age surgical intervention should aim to preserve fertility wherever possible.
Demographic analysis of continuous‐time life‐history models
Authors: De Roos André M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractI present a computational approach to calculate the population growth rate, its sensitivity to life‐history parameters and associated statistics like the stable population distribution and the reproductive value for exponentially growing populations, in which individual life history is described as a continuous development through time. The method is generally applicable to analyse population growth and performance for a wide range of individual life‐history models, including cases in which the population consists of different types of individuals or in which the environment is fluctuating periodically. It complements comparable methods developed for discrete‐time dynamics modelled with matrix or integral projection models. The basic idea behind the method is to use Lotka's integral equation for the population growth rate and compute the integral occurring in that equation by integrating an ordinary differential equation, analogous to recently derived methods to compute steady‐states of physiologically structured population models. I illustrate application of the method using a number of published life‐history models.
Bilateral intraocular malignant neuroectodermal tumors in a telescope goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Bartlett Susan L. , Peters Rachel M. , Lombardino Ingrid M. , Bowser Paul R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 5‐year‐old male telescope goldfish (Carassius auratus) developed buphthalmia of the left eye. An enucleation was performed and a diagnosis of a neuroectodermal tumor was made on histological examination. Although the fish initially recovered, it was killed 49 days postsurgery due to a severe decline in its condition. On histological evaluation of postmortem tissue samples, it was determined that the fish also had a neuroectodermal tumor of the right eye with local invasion of the brain. On immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were positive for S‐100. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first published case of naturally occurring bilateral intraocular neuroectodermal tumors in a fish.
CASE REPORT: Medical and surgical management of severe inflammation of the nictitating membrane in a Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Boedeker Nancy C. , Walsh Timothy , Murray Suzan , Bromberg Nancy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 10‐year‐old male giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) presented for severe, acute swelling and protrusion of the right nictitating membrane, unresponsive to topical therapy. Excisional biopsy of the nictitating membrane and its associated lacrimal gland was elected due to necrosis and friability of the tissue. Histopathology revealed suppurative, necrotizing conjunctivitis and dacryoadenitis. Culture grew Stenotrophomonas maltophila and Enterococcus spp with extensive antibiotic resistance. Treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics based on sensitivity results was initiated. All treatments were well tolerated. Healing was uncomplicated with no recurrence of the lesion and no clinical evidence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Ophthalmic exams and Schirmer tear tests performed opportunistically during postoperative anesthetic procedures were unremarkable, confirming that excision of the nictitating membrane had not caused clinically significant detrimental effects. The etiology of this lesion remains undetermined, but trauma is suspected. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of nictitating membrane pathology and excision in the giant panda.
CASE REPORT: Iridociliary melanoma with secondary lens luxation: distinctive findings in a long‐horned cowfish (Lactoria cornuta)
Authors: Da Silva Enry Garcia , Gionfriddo Juliet R. , Powell Cynthia C. , Campbell Terry W. , Ehrhart E. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis report describes a long‐horned cowfish, which was diagnosed with buphthalmia and lens sub‐luxation in the right eye, conditions that progressed to complete anterior lens luxation and secondary keratoconus. Three months after the initial evaluation, a pigmented mass was observed protruding from the vitreous. An enucleation was performed under general anesthesia. Ocular histopathology revealed an iridociliary melanoma. Reports of intraocular melanomas are extremely rare in fish. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an iridociliary melanoma that led to buphthalmia, lens luxation, and keratoconus in a fish. Histological findings of lens luxation are also demonstrated. Due to the presence of a complex suspensory apparatus involving the teleost lens, this report speculates that lens luxation is a more devastating disease process in teleosts than in mammals.
Ocular parameters in a captive colony of fruit bats
Authors: Blackwood Sarah E. , Plummer Caryn E. , Crumley William , MacKay Edward O. , Brooks Dennis E. , Barrie Kathleen P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives  To establish normal reference ranges of ocular parameters including phenol read thread, palpebral fissure length, horizontal and vertical corneal diameter, upright and hanging intraocular pressure (IOP) and to report ophthalmic examination findings of the anterior segment and lens, in a population of captive fruit bats.Animals studied  Eyes of 30 bats of three species were included in this study: 10 (5 males, 5 females) Malayan Flying Foxes (Pteropus vampyrus), 10 (5 males, 5 females) Little Golden‐mantled Flying Foxes (Pteropus pumilus), and 10 (4 males, 6 females) Island Flying Foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus).Results  The most common ophthalmic examination findings included iris‐iris persistent pupillary membranes (83%), nuclear sclerosis (56.7%), prominent arterial circle (40%), iridal hyperpigmented foci (30%), pupillary margin cysts (27%), and third eyelid defects (20%). The mean, among all species for: phenol red thread was 20.23 ± 1.28 mm/15 s both eyes (OU); palpebral fissure length was 13.34 ± 0.33 mm for OU; for horizontal corneal diameter was 10.72 ± 0.32 mm for OU; for vertical corneal diameter was 9.90 ± 0.30 mm for OU; for the hanging intraocular pressures was 19.38 ± 0.77 mmHg for OU; for upright IOP was 13.95 ± 0.60 mmHg for OU. Measurements for the individual species groups and eyes were also calculated.Conclusions  Results revealed the IOP of bats in a hanging position were significantly higher than the IOP of bats in an upright position. The size of the bat, between the species, affected palpebral fissure length, horizontal corneal diameter, and vertical corneal diameter. Information about the ocular structures and normal ophthalmic parameters for the Pteropus species is crucial for species protection because of dependence on vision for survival.
Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of bevacizumab and low‐dose interleukin‐2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results from a phase II trial
Authors: Garcia Jorge A. , Mekhail Tarek , Elson Paul , Triozzi Pierre , Nemec Cheryl , Dreicer Robert , Bukowski Ronald M. , Rini Brian I 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? As single agents, both IL‐2 and bevacizumab have demonstrated clinical activity in advanced RCC.This study demonstrated the feasibility of the combination, its safety and unfortunately the lack of enhanced activity if one compares the combination with existing data of bevacizumab alone.OBJECTIVELow‐dose interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is a historical treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels inhibit dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and augment production of immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Bevacizumab is an antibody that binds to VEGF, has activity in mRCC and may augment the anti‐tumour immune effects of IL‐2. To determine the clinical and immunomodulatory effects of this combination, a prospective, phase II trial of bevacizumab plus low‐dose IL‐2 was conducted.PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients with untreated mRCC received bevacizumab (10 mg/kg i.v. every 2 weeks) and IL‐2 (125 000 units/kg/day subcutaneously from Monday to Friday for 6 consecutive weeks followed by a 2‐week rest period). Endpoints included progression‐free survival, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors‐defined objective response rate, immunomodulatory effects and safety.RESULTSBetween January 2005 and September 2007, twenty‐six patients with untreated mRCC were enrolled. The median progression‐free survival was 9.6 months (95% CI, 4.1–16.9 months) The objective response rate was 15% and an additional 38% of patients had tumour burden reduction of <30%. Grade 3 constitutional adverse events (fatigue, fever/chills) and neutropenia were observed in 42% and 12% of patients, respectively. Peripheral blood CD1c+ myeloid and CD303+ plasmacytoid DC increased during treatment as did IL‐8 levels and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells. No changes in T helper type 1/2‐associated cytokines were observed.CONCLUSIONBevacizumab plus low‐dose IL‐2 has modest clinical activity in mRCC. Toxicity was largely IL‐2 related without enhancement of bevacizumab‐related toxicity. Biological data indicate inhibition of VEGF levels and increase of immunosuppressive Treg cells without an effect on DC activation.