bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cord blood banking activities at a university hospital in northeast Mexico: an 8‐year experience
Authors: Jaime‐Perez Jose C. , Monreal‐Robles Roberto , Colunga‐Pedraza Julia , Mancías‐Guerra Consuelo , Rodríguez‐Romo Laura , Gómez‐Almaguer David 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents an alternative source of stem cells for transplantation for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and genetic disorders. There is scarce information detailing cord blood bank (CBB) collection and transplantation activities from developing countries. We documented our experience at a public university hospital in northeast Mexico.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective and descriptive analysis of our CBB activity during an 8‐year period from May 2002 to September 2010. Collection, processing, and cryopreservation of CB were carried out following standard operating procedures. The minimum volume and total nucleated cell (TNC) content for cryopreservation were 80 mL and 8.0 × 108, respectively.RESULTS: A total of 1256 UCB units were collected; 428 (34%) were banked and 828 (66%) were discarded. The main reason for exclusion was biologic: low volume and/or low number of TNC accounted for 84% of the total discarded units. Cryopreserved cord blood units (CBUs) had a median volume of 113.8 mL (range, 80‐213.2 mL) and 13.0 × 108 (range, 8 × 108‐36.6 × 108) TNCs. Cell viability was 99.3% (88‐100%). The median CD34+ cell content was 4.0 × 106 (0.46 × 106‐19.38 × 106). Sixteen units have been released for transplantation, leading to a utilization rate of 3.7%.CONCLUSION: CBB demands considerable human and financial resources; it is then essential for centers at developing countries to share their experience, results, and databases to increase the probability of finding matching units for their patients. Efforts to create and maintain CBBs allow to offer this therapeutic option at an affordable cost.
Structural Determinism in the Interlocking World City Network
Authors: Neal Zachary 
Published: April 2012

Taylor's interlocking specification of the world city network has offered researchers a theoretically informed way to measure the world city network using readily available firm location data. However, the number and size of firms that are viewed as linking cities to one another impose a form of structural determinism on the world city network. Specifically, when a relatively small number of firms is used to define a network among a relatively large set of cities, or when only larger firms are used, this approach is unable to reveal a wide range of structures features that may actually be present in the world city network it is intended to measure. Through a series of examples, I demonstrate how specific features of firm location data predetermine the structure, number and size of cliques, and density of world city networks derived using the interlocking approach. Concluding comments discuss the implications of this structural determinism by focusing on the case of the commonly usedGlobalization andWorldCities data set 11, offer some suggestions concerning how the interlocking approach can be employed while avoiding structural determinism, and identify some alternative approaches to mapping the world city network.El modelo interconexión cerrada (interlocking) de la red mundial de ciudades (world city network) desarrollado por Taylor (2001) ha proporcionado a los investigadores un marco teórico para medir dicha red con datos fácilmente disponibles acerca de la localización de empresas. Sin embargo, el número y tamaño de las empresas que son consideradas como ‘vinculadoras’ (de ciudades) imponen una forma de determinismo estructural sobre la red. En concreto, cuando un número relativamente pequeño de firmas es utilizado para definir la red entre un conjunto relativamente grande de ciudades, o, cuando sólo se utilizan las empresas más grandes, este enfoque (interlocking) no es capaz de identificar o medir una amplia gama de características estructurales presentes potencialmente en la red de ciudades mundiales. A través de una serie de ejemplos, el autor demuestra cómo varias características específicas de los datos de localización de las empresas predeterminan la estructura, número y tamaño de loscliquesy la densidad de las redes de ciudades mundiales resultantes de la aplicación de modelos deinterlocking. Luego el autor presenta las implicancias del determinismo estructural mencionado, centrándose en el caso la base de datos de uso común GaWC # 11. Finalmente el articulo ofrece algunas sugerencias sobre cómo el enfoque deinterlockingpuede ser empleado sin caer en un determinismo estructural, y se identifican algunos enfoques alternativos para el mapeo de la red mundial de ciudades.泰勒（2001）采用相对容易获得的公司地理位置数据提出的世界城市网络连锁度量方法，为研究者提供了一种理论途径。然而，将公司的数量和规模视为城市之间的联接是一种强加的世界城市网络结构决定论形式。特别是当用数量相对较少的公司或仅用大公司的数量来定义相对较大的城市网络集时，该方法不能揭示目前实际情况中大范围世界城市网络需要度量的结构特征。通过一系列的案例分析，本文显示了公司区位数据的特有特征预先决定了集团的结构、数量和规模，以及由泰勒的连锁方法推导出世界城市网络的密度。最后，通过曾被广泛采用的GaWC（全球化和世界城市）数据集的11个城市公司数据讨论了结构决定方法的应用，并就应用该方法如何避免结构决定论提出一些建议，进而识别一些可选用的方法来绘制世界城市网络图。
Late Potentials Abolition as an Additional Technique for Reduction of Arrhythmia Recurrence in Scar Related Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: VERGARA PASQUALE , TREVISI NICOLA , RICCO ANNALISA , PETRACCA FRANCESCO , BARATTO FRANCESCA , CIREDDU MANUELA , BISCEGLIA CATERINA , MACCABELLI GIUSEPPE , DELLA BELLA PAOLO 
Published: April 2012

Late Potentials Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation. Rationale: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation targeting complete late potential (LP) activity.Methods and Results: Sixty‐four consecutive patients (pts) with recurrent VTs and coronary artery disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were evaluated. Fifty patients (47 male; 66.2 ± 10.1 years) had LPs at electroanatomical mapping; 35 patients had at least 1 VT inducible at basal programmed stimulation. After substrate mapping, radiofrequency ablation was performed with the endpoint of all LPs abolition.LPs could not be abolished in 5 patients despite extensive ablation, in 1 patient because of localization near an apical thrombus, and in 2 patients because of possible phrenic nerve injury.At the end of procedure, prevention of VT inducibility was achieved in 25 of 35 patients (71.4%) with previously inducible VT; VT was still inducible in 5 of 8 patients with incomplete LP abolition; and in 5 of 42 patients (16.1%) with complete LP abolition (P < 0.01).After a follow‐up of 13.4 ± 4.0 months, 10 patients (20.0%) had VT recurrences and one of them died after surgical VT ablation; VT recurrence was 9.5% in patients with LPs abolition (4/42 pts) and 75.0% (6/8 pts) in those with incomplete abolition [positive predictive value (PPV): 75%, negative predictive value (NPV): 90.4%, sensibility: 60.0%, and specificity: 95.0%, P < 0.0001); although it was 12.5% (5/40 pts) in patients without inducibility VT after the ablation, and 50% (5/10 pts) in those with inducible VT (PPV: 50%, NPV: 87.5%, sensitivity: 50.0%, and specificity: 87.5%, P = 0.008).Conclusions: LP abolition is an effective endpoint of VT ablation and its prognostic value compares favorably to that achieved by programmed electrical stimulation. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 621–627, June 2012)
A nationwide descriptive study of obstetric claims for compensation in Norway
Authors: ANDREASEN STINE , BACKE BJØRN , JØRSTAD ROLF GUNNAR , ØIAN PÅL 
Published: April 2012

Abstract Objective. To describe causes of substandard care in obstetric compensation claims.Design and setting. A nationwide descriptive study in Norway.Population. All obstetric patients who believed themselves inflicted with injuries by the Health Service and applying for compensation.Methods. Data were collected from 871 claims to The Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients during 1994–2008, of which 278 were awarded compensation.Main outcome measures. Type of injury and cause of substandard care.Results. Of 871 cases, 278 (31.9%) resulted in compensation. Of those, asphyxia was the most common type of injury to the child (83.4%). Anal sphincter tear (29.9%) and infection (23.0%) were the most common types of injury to the mother. Human error, both by midwives (37.1% of all cases given compensation) and obstetricians (51.2%), was an important contributing factor in inadequate obstetric care. Neglecting signs of fetal distress (28.1%), more competent health workers not being called when appropriate (26.3%) and inadequate fetal monitoring (17.3%) were often observed. System errors such as time conflicts, neglecting written guidelines and poor organization of the department were infrequent causes of injury (8.3%).Conclusions. Fetal asphyxia is the most common reason for compensation, resulting in large financial expenses to society. Human error contributes to inadequate health care in 92% of obstetric compensation claims, although underlying system errors may also be present.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of large for gestational age pregnancies
Authors: WEISSMANN‐BRENNER ALINA , SIMCHEN MICHAL J. , ZILBERBERG ERAN , KALTER ANAT , WEISZ BOAZ , ACHIRON REUVEN , DULITZKY MORDECHAI 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjective. To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of term large for gestational age (LGA) pregnancies and adequate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies. Design. Retrospective analysis. Setting. Large university research medical center. Population. All term singleton LGA (birthweight ≥90th percentile) and AGA pregnancies (birthweight 10.1–89.9th percentile) delivering between 2004 and 2008. Methods. Data collected included maternal age, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birthweight, fetal sex, and maternal and neonatal complications. Birthweight percentiles were determined according to locally derived gender‐specific birthweight tables. Main outcome measures. Comparisons between LGA and AGA pregnancies and between LGA 90–94.9th, 95–98.9th and ≥99th percentile. Results. The study population comprised 34 685 pregnancies; 3900 neonates matched the definition of term LGA. Maternal age and gestational age at delivery were significantly higher for LGA neonates. Significantly more LGA neonates were born by cesarean section, and significantly more LGA pregnancies were complicated by postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), shoulder dystocia or neonatal hypoglycemia, and had a longer hospitalization period. Maternal and neonatal risks increased as birthweight increased from the 90–94.9th to 95–98.9th to ≥99th percentile. Specifically, the risks of shoulder dystocia (odds ratio 2.61, 3.35 and 5.11, respectively), PPH (odds ratio 1.81, 2.12 and 3.92, respectively) and neonatal hypoglycemia (odds ratio 2.53, 3.8 and 5.19, respectively) all increased linearly with birthweight percentile. Conclusions. Large for gestational age pregnancies are associated with an increased rate of cesarean section, PPH, shoulder dystocia and neonatal hypoglycemia, as well as longer hospitalization. These risks increase as the birth percentile rises. These risks need to be emphasized in pre‐delivery counseling.
Down‐regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway induces caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent apoptosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: CAO HUIQIU , HU YULIN , WANG PENG , ZHOU JIANHUA , DENG ZHENGHAO , WEN JIFANG 
Published: April 2012

Cao H, Hu Y, Wang P, Zhou J, Deng Z, Wen J. Down‐regulation of Notch receptor signaling pathway induces caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent apoptosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. APMIS 2012; 120: 441–50.Notch receptor signaling pathway (NRSP) is increasingly linked to carcinogenesis. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) appears to actively utilize this conserved developmental pathway. The aims of this study are to determine whether or not Notch 1–4 are overexpressed in NSCLC tissues compared with normal lung tissues and whether inhibiting NRSP could induce caspase‐dependent or caspase‐independent apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of Notch 1–4 in 101 NSCLC tissue samples and 30 normal lung tissue samples. DAPT was used to repress NRSP in SK‐MES‐1 cells. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin V and PI staining. Cleaved poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) was measured by Western blot; X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and Survivin were assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western blot; the release of second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspase (Smac) from mitochondria to cytoplasm was evaluated by Western blot; the subcellular locations of endonuclease G (Endo G) and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were observed by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence analysis. (Mech Dev, 98, 2000, 95) Notch 1–4 are up‐regulated in NSCLC tissues and Notch 1, 2 are positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 2009, 22293) DAPT treatment could inhibit NRSP and induce apoptosis, with a marked increase in cleaved PARP, decreases in XIAP and Survivin proteins and concomitant release of Smac, EndoG, and AIF from mitochondria, indicating that inhibiting NRSP by DAPT triggers caspase‐dependent and caspase‐independent apoptosis.
Healing outcomes at implants installed in sites augmented with particulate autologous bone and xenografts. An experimental study in dogs
Authors: De Santis Enzo , Lang Niklaus P. , Cesaretti Gianfranco , Mainetti Tomaso , Beolchini Marco , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the integration of implants installed at the interface of pristine and grafted tissue augmented with particulate autologous bone or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), concomitantly with a collagen membrane.Material and methodsIn 6 Labrador dogs, the distal root of 3P3 and 4P4 was endodontically treated and hemi‐sected, and the mesial roots extracted concomitantly with the extraction of 2P2. The buccal bony walls were removed, and two box‐shaped defects, one larger and one smaller, were created. After 3 months, flaps were elevated, and the defects were filled with particulate autologous bone or DBBM in the right and left side of the mandible, respectively. Collagen membranes were used to cover the grafted areas. Three months later, flaps were elevated, and a customized device was used as surgical guide to prepare the recipient sites at the interface between grafts and pristine bone. One implant was installed in each of the four defects. After 3 months, biopsies were harvested and ground sections prepared for histological evaluation.ResultsThe augmentation technique was effective at all sites and all the foreseen implants were installed. In the histological analysis, all implants were integrated in mature bone, at both the buccal and lingual aspects. The most coronal bone‐to‐implant contact and the top of the buccal bony crest were located at a similar distance between test and control implants. However, these distances were higher at the larger compared with the smaller defects. Especially in the large defect, residual particles of DBBM were found embedded into connective tissue and located outside the bony crest.ConclusionsParticulate autologous bone as well as DBBM particles used to augment horizontally the alveolar bony process allowed for the osseointegration of implants installed after 3 months of healing.
Effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on immune functions of human neutrophils
Authors: Hung S‐L. , Chiang H‐H. , Wu C‐Y. , Hsu M‐J. , Chen Y‐T. 
Published: April 2012

Hung S‐L, Chiang H‐H, Wu C‐Y, Hsu M‐J, Chen Y‐T. Effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection on immune functions of human neutrophils. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 635–644. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Herpesviruses may play roles in the development of periodontal diseases. This study analyzed the effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection on neutrophil function. The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, during HSV‐1 infection were also determined.Material and Methods:  Purified HSV‐1 was pretreated with buffer containing no serum, with HSV‐1 immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐positive serum (HSV‐1 antiserum) or with control serum. Neutrophils were mock‐infected or infected with the pretreated HSV‐1. Viral binding and phagosome formation were detected using immunostaining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate and fluorometry. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) were detected using enzyme immunoassays. Release of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) was examined using gelatin zymography. Phosphorylation of Akt/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) was determined using western blotting.Results:  HSV‐1 bound directly to neutrophils and enhanced the release of MMP‐9. HSV‐1 immune complexes, formed in the HSV‐1 antiserum, bound neutrophils and induced the formation of early phagosome more effectively than did HSV‐1 alone. The relative levels of ROS and phosphorylation of Akt/GSK‐3 were increased significantly in neutrophils after infection with HSV‐1 immune complexes. Infection with HSV‐1 and HSV‐1 immune complexes also stimulated the production of inflammatory mediators, LTB4 and IL‐8. Moreover, LPS enhanced the HSV‐1‐stimulatory production of IL‐8.Conclusion:  This study demonstrated differences in neutrophils infected with HSV‐1 alone or with HSV‐1 immune complexes, suggesting that opsonization of HSV‐1 might enhance its effects on neutrophils. The in vitro findings suggest that HSV‐1 infection may induce the inflammatory response and affect periodontal health.
Dose‐ and time‐dependent effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on the osteogenic and adipogenic potentials of alveolar bone‐derived stromal cells
Authors: Park J‐C. , Kim J.C. , Kim B‐K. , Cho K‐S. , Im G‐I. , Kim B‐S. , Kim C‐S. 
Published: April 2012

Park J‐C, Kim J.C, Kim B‐K, Cho K‐S, Im G‐I, Kim B‐S, Kim C‐S. Dose‐ and time‐dependent effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on the osteogenic and adipogenic potentials of alveolar bone‐derived stromal cells. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 645–654. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) is a well‐known growth factor that can induce robust bone formation, and recent studies have shown that rhBMP‐2‐induced osteogenesis is closely related to adipogenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the dose‐ and time‐dependent effects of rhBMP‐2 on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human alveolar bone‐derived stromal cells (hABCs) in vivo and in vitro.Material and Methods:  hABCs were isolated and cultured, and then transplanted using a carrier treated either with or without rhBMP‐2 (100 μg/mL) into an ectopic subcutaneous mouse model. Comprehensive histologic and histometric analyses were performed after an 8‐wk healing period. To further understand the dose‐dependent (0, 10, 50, 200, 500 and 1000 ng/mL) and time‐dependent (0, 3, 5, 7 and 14 d) effects of rhBMP‐2 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hABCs were evaluated, and the expression of related mRNAs, including those for alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, peroxisome‐proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐2 and lipoprotein lipase, were assessed using quantitative RT‐PCR.Results:  rhBMP‐2 significantly promoted the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hABCs in vivo, and gradually increased both the osteogenic and adipogenic potential in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner with minimal deviation in vitro. The expression of osteogenesis‐ and adipogenesis‐associated mRNAs were concomitantly up‐regulated by rhBMP‐2.Conclusion:  The findings of the present study showed that rhBMP‐2 significantly enhanced the adipogenic as well as the osteogenic potential of hABCs in dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The control of adipogenic differentiation of hABCs should be considered when regenerating the alveolar bone using rhBMP‐2.
Promotional effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the development of rodent Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Authors: Xu Jing , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Fujiwara Naoki , Harada Hidemitsu , Ota Masato S. , Suda Hideaki 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTHertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS), a bilayered epithelial cell sheath located at the cervical loop of the enamel organ in a developing tooth, is at the forefront of root formation. However, little is known about the exact mechanisms that regulate the development of HERS. The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is involved in the development of various tissues and cells. In this study, we investigated the roles of VIP in HERS development. VIP‐immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the dental pulp and around the root apex of the tooth, while the expression of VIP receptor 1 (VPAC1) was observed in HERS. The expression level of VPAC1 correlated with the development of HERS and was elevated at postnatal days 14 and 21. Using ex vivo cultures of neonatal tooth germs, VIP enhanced the elongation and proliferation of HERS. In vitro, VIP also promoted the proliferation of cells from the HERS‐derived cell line, HERS01a cells, and upregulated the mRNA expression of cytokeratin 14 and vimentin (typical molecular markers of HERS) in these cells. These results suggest that VIP may be an essential factor for HERS development.
Medicines and disease information needs of older Arabic‐speaking Australians
Authors: El Samman Fadwa , Chaar Betty B , McLachlan Andrew J , Aslani Parisa 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  To explore access, satisfaction, awareness and needs for medicines and disease information (MADI) sources for older Arabic‐speaking Australians.Method:  Five focus groups were conducted (in Arabic) with 29 participants with a chronic disease, aged over 65 years, and unable to speak or read English fluently. Discussions were audiotape recorded, simultaneously interpreted into English, transcribed verbatim and content analysed.Results:  Arabic‐speaking general practitioners were identified as the main source of MADI, despite dissatisfaction with their counselling. Written Arabic MADI was not accessed by participants, who revealed low English and Arabic literacy levels and a reliance on family members to act as interpreters. Male participants were more concerned and active about their health and medicine information than female participants.Conclusions:  This study highlighted limited availability and access to Arabic MADI for older Arabic‐speaking Australians, with reliance on Arabic‐speaking health‐care professionals for information and family members as interpreters. An accessible and sustainable system for MADI is required.
Health literacy: The sixth vital sign
Authors: Heinrich Carol 
Published: April 2012

Abstract  Purpose: The purpose of this project was to describe the concept of health literacy, and to assess health literacy levels in diabetic patients receiving care in primary care settings.Data sources: Health literacy was measured by the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), an assessment tool that was developed for use in primary care settings. The sample consisted of 54 participants of whom 22% were Caucasian, 43% Black, and 35% Latino/Latina. Health literacy scores ranged from 0–6, with a mean of 2.87. Nearly 2/3 of the participants obtained scores of 3 or less, indicating a strong possibility of limited literacy. Significant correlations were obtained between health literacy and educational level, and between health literacy and ethnicity/race.Conclusions: Limited health literacy is so common that health literacy assessment needs to be considered in all clinical practice settings. Health literacy is considered the sixth vital sign—along with temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain level.Implications for practice: The NVS takes about three minutes to administer and the assessment is easily accomplished during the initial visit for each patient. Healthcare providers will then be aware of the health literacy level of each patient and base their communication appropriately.