bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of differential genes involved in the maintenance of water balance in human skin by Piptadenia colubrina extract
Authors: Del Carmen Velazquez Pereda Maria , De Campos Dieamant Gustavo , Eberlin Samara , Werka Rejane Maria , Colombi Débora , De Souza Queiroz Mary Luci , Di Stasi Luiz Claudio 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground  Hydration and integrity of the stratum corneum (SC) is an important determinant of skin appearance, metabolism, mechanical properties, and barrier function. The presence of aquaglyceroporins and envelope proteins are crucial to provide greater corneocyte cohesion to keep water and other moisturizers in the skin.Aims  In this study, we evaluated the ability of Piptadenia colubrina, a plant native of South American rain forests, in the expression of genes involved in skin capacitance and SC integrity.Methods  The expression of genes for aquaporin‐3 (AQP3), loricrin, involucrin (INV), and filaggrin (FLG) was measured by real‐time PCR, using an in vitro model of human keratinocytes incubated with concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL of a hydroglycolic extract of P. colubrina (HEPC). The amount of AQP3 protein was also tested by immunohistochemistry in human skin explants. Clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of a gel‐cream containing HEPC on the glycerol index and skin capacitance.Results  Hydroglycolic extract of P. colubrina increased both the expression and immunoreactivity of AQP3 in cultured keratinocytes and human skin explants. The gene induction to envelope proteins FLG and INV was also observed after cell incubation with HEPC. Skin capacitance was significantly improved in human volunteers under treatment with HEPC‐containing cream.Conclusions  The extract of P. colubrina promotes cellular hydration and induces gene expression of envelope proteins providing greater corneocyte cohesion to keep water and other moisturizers in the skin and an appropriate epidermal adhesion. The in vitro findings were clinically confirmed and encourage the clinical use of this compound in skin care products.
Camouflage for patients with vitiligo vulgaris improved their quality of life
Authors: Tanioka Miki , Yamamoto Yosuke , Kato Mayumi , Miyachi Yoshiki 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground  Cosmetic camouflage is important for patients with vitiligo vulgaris. However, few studies have investigated its benefit for vitiligo patients.Objectives  To analyze the psychological effects on patients with vitiligo vulgaris by camouflage lessons performed in vitiligo clinics in Kyoto University Hospital and Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires were collected before and 1 month after camouflage lessons.Patients  Patients with vitiligo vulgaris, who visited our clinics in 2008 and had never experienced camouflage, were enrolled in this study. They took camouflage lessons and continued subsequent self‐camouflage for 1 month. Control patients took no lessons and no camouflage.Results  Camouflage improved the scores of DLQI when compared with those without camouflage (P = 0.005). Camouflage improved DLQI scores from 5.90 to 4.48. In DLQI subcategories, camouflage lessons improved a subcategory of “symptoms and feelings” (P = 0.0037).Conclusions  These data supported the idea that camouflage for patients with vitiligo not only covers the white patches but also improves their quality of life.
Longevity of effects of hyaluronic acid plus lidocaine facial filler
Authors: Raspaldo Hervé , De Boulle Koen , Levy Phillip M 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground  A new hyaluronic acid filler containing pre‐incorporated 0.3% lidocaine reduces pain and enhances patient comfort. In vitro studies confirm functional equivalence with non‐lidocaine‐containing products, but only limited data are available on the long‐term effects of lidocaine on filler performance in the clinical setting.Aims  To investigate whether inclusion of lidocaine impacts the longevity of hyaluronic acid fillers.Patients/Methods  60 patients with moderate–severe bilateral nasolabial folds received 24 mg/mL hyaluronic acid with pre‐incorporated lidocaine or an equivalent product without lidocaine and were followed‐up for up to 76 weeks.Results  Significantly better results were found in favor of HA gel with pre‐incorporated lidocaine for physician assessment of injection pain and patient pain assessment after injection (both P < 0.001). Long‐term follow‐up of patients after almost a year showed that 91% (52/57) of patients had no evidence of facial asymmetry, and investigators confirmed lidocaine had no effect on filler longevity. High levels of patient satisfaction and prolonged benefits due to persistence of the product were noted, with those patients needing additional treatment requiring ‘top‐up’ rather than full re‐treatment.Conclusions  The addition of 0.3% lidocaine does not affect product longevity and the small volume required for ‘touch‐up’ also suggests that longevity is maintained.
Sustaining a Hemodialysis Exercise Program: A Review
Authors: Bennett Paul N. , Breugelmans Leo , Barnard Robert , Agius Megan , Chan Danwin , Fraser Doug , McNeill Liz , Potter Lauren 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article reviews the literature addressing exercise programs for dialysis patients to identify elements necessary for sustaining exercise programs in this population. Literature searches for publications (January 1980–February 2009) in Medline (OVID), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), EBSCOhost EJS, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink (Kluwer), and Wiley Interscience (Blackwell) were performed. Reference lists from relevant articles were hand‐searched for further publications. Criteria for inclusion included full‐text primary research and review articles focused on exercise for adult hemodialysis patients. One hundred and seventy one publications were found with a primary focus on exercise in hemodialysis. Of these, 28 primary research and 14 review articles addressed one or more aspects of sustainability of hemodialysis exercise programs. Factors contributing to sustainable exercise programs included: dedicated exercise professionals; encouragement to exercise intradialytically; dialysis and medical staff commitment; adequate physical requirements of equipment and space; interesting and stimulating; cost implications need to be addressed; exercise is not for everyone; requires individual prescription; and there is no age barrier to exercise on hemodialysis.
Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy – The Argument for Hyperbaric Oxygen and Sodium Thiosulfate
Authors: Rogers Natasha M. , Coates P. Toby H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCalcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is a rare event primarily in patients with end‐stage kidney disease which is charaterized by small vessel media calcification, panniculitis, dermal necrosis producing exquisitely painful difficult to heal wounds. Mortality rates may be as high as 80%, predominantly due to intervening sepsis. This clinical phenomenon is being increasingly reported and treated with a widening number of agents. Recent case reports highlight the benefit of two modalities that have been employed as adjuvant therapy with significant success in the treatment of CUA. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is capable of enhancing oxygen delivery to the ulcerating lesions that characterize CUA. Chronic hypoxia can be reversed using HBO to facilitate growth factor production, neoangiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen synthesis that may facilitate all aspects of wound healing. Sodium thiosulfate appears to chelate and solubilize calcium ions, reducing the calcium vascular load that appears to participate in the obliterative small vessel disease. There is a rapid analgesic effect and slower regression of cutaneous calcific nodules. The authors advocate for aggressive treatment of CUA, using all available therapies.
A Dialysis Case Presentation and Discussion Edited by Roger A. Rodby: Bullous Skin Lesions in a Patient Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Ryali Madhavi E. , Whittier William L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPorphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a vesiculobullous skin disorder characterized by a defect in heme biosynthesis. Reduced activity of the hepatic enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO‐D) results in accumulation of photosensitive porphyrins; this ultimately leads to the skin fragility and blistering that is characteristic of this disease. The majority of cases of PCT are associated with acquired deficiencies of the enzyme URO‐D, secondary to hepatic injury precipitated by medications or infections. Less commonly, PCT has been documented in patients with end‐stage renal disease. The pathogenesis of PCT in long‐term hemodialysis (HD) has been attributed to many factors, but the following mechanisms have been implicated: (i) decreased hepatic URO‐D activity due to suppressive effects of iron and other hepatotoxins and (ii) poor porphyrin clearance by renal replacement therapies. We report a case of PCT that developed in a patient on maintenance HD for 4 years. He had a history of hepatitis C and evidence of iron overload. However, as the patient was anemic, therapeutic phlebotomy was problematic and therefore erythrocyte‐stimulating agents were maximized to mobilize iron stores and allow phlebotomy. With this treatment, the patient’s skin lesions improved in conjunction with decreasing ferritin levels.
Diabetic CKD/ESRD 2010: A Progress Report?
Authors: Williams Mark E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBoth in the United States and many regions of the world, chronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with diabetes mellitus have reached epidemic proportions in recent years. The large prevalent diabetic ESRD population in the US involves remarkable risk in African Americans and an increasing population of elderly diabetic patients, including many octogenarians. In the US and globally, over 90% of diabetic ESRD patients have type 2 diabetes. The multinational epidemic of diabetic ESRD has been linked to increases in the prevalence of diabetes in many populations, related to obesity, ageing, and physical inactivity. It is anticipated that the worldwide prevalence of diabetes over the next 20 years will reach a level twice that of the year 2000. The excessive morbidity and mortality of the diabetic ESRD population are well documented. However, the growth in incidence and prevalence rates for diabetic ESRD has remained somewhat stable in the US in recent years, and new data suggest that the incidence of ESRD expressed per diabetic population may finally be declining, suggesting that proven therapies are making “progress on progression.”
Continuously Evolving Management Concepts for Diabetic CKD and ESRD
Authors: Friedman Eli A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDuring the past 50 years, a global pandemic of kidney failure attributed to diabetes mellitus provoked continuously changing treatment strategies based in the belief that micro‐ and macrovascular complications of diabetes may be preventable. Both patient and physician have revised, and sometimes reversed drug regimens based on inferences extracted from prospective, controlled, properly populated trials. Illustrating this dilemma is a newly relaxed target for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7%, introduced because of the greater rate of cardiovascular complications noted when striving to reduce attained HbA1c to ≤6.5%. Our concept of the natural history of kidney disease in diabetes has repeatedly been modified by a rising mean age of those developing uremia (now 64.5 years). Underscoring the reality that the majority of diabetic kidney failure patients fall within the geriatric age group. An encouraging finding first reported in 2005 and continuing through 2009 is a declining incidence rate of irreversible advanced kidney failure in individuals known to have diabetes. That this “good news” results from appropriate renoprotective treatment is as yet unsubstantiated wishful thinking.
Selection and Dosing of Medications for Management of Diabetes in Patients with Advanced Kidney Disease
Authors: Reilly James B. , Berns Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a leading cause of kidney disease worldwide. A large and expanding array of treatments for diabetes is available to improve glycemic control, including newer classes of drugs, such as thiazolidinediones and incretin‐based therapies. The presence of impaired kidney function with reduced glomerular filtration rate should influence choices, dosing, and monitoring of hypoglycemic agents, as some agents require a dosing adjustment in patients with kidney disease and some are entirely contraindicated. This article reviews the clinical use of insulin and other antidiabetic therapies, focusing on pharmacokinetic properties and dosing in patients with advanced kidney disease.
How Can Prognosis for Diabetic ESRD Be Improved?
Authors: Locatelli Francesco , Del Vecchio Lucia , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlthough the prognosis of patients who have diabetes and are receiving renal replacement therapy has greatly improved, survival and medical rehabilitation rates continue to be significantly worse than those of nondiabetic patients, mainly because of pre‐existing severely compromised cardiovascular conditions. In this scenario, the nephrology community had to do its best in order to offer the best treatment options to these patients using a multifaceted approach. The most common RRT modality in patients with diabetes is still hemodialysis, but it gives rise to a number of clinical problems, in particular difficulties in the management of the vascular access and high frequency of intradialytic hypotension. Recent data suggest that efficient high‐flux treatments have the potential of improving morbidity and mortality of diabetics with ESRD. Sodium profiling during the dialysis session may be also of importance in reducing intradialytic hypotension and helping in achieving the prescribed body weight. Patients who have diabetes and are on peritoneal dialysis have to face a progressive increase in peritoneal permeability, loss of ultrafiltration, and peritoneal fibrosis, all phenomena being accelerated in patients with diabetes and ultimately leading to an increased technique failure. However, the two dialytic modalities are comparable in terms of outcomes in the short term.
Development and Validation of Quality Indicators for Dementia Diagnosis and Management in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Perry Marieke , Drašković Irena , van Achterberg Theo , van Eijken Monique , Lucassen Peter , Vernooij‐Dassen Myrra , Olde Rikkert Marcel 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVES: To construct a set of quality indicators (QIs) for dementia diagnosis and management in a primary care setting.DESIGN: RAND modified Delphi method, including a postal survey, a stakeholders consensus meeting, a scientific expert consensus meeting, and a demonstration project.SETTING: Primary care.PARTICIPANTS: General practitioners (GPs), primary care nurses (PCNs), and informal caregivers (ICs) in postal survey and stakeholders consensus meeting. Eight national dementia experts in scientific consensus meeting. Thirteen GPs in the demonstration project.MEASUREMENTS: Mean face validity and feasibility scores. Compliance rates using GPs' electronic medical record data.RESULTS: The initial set consisted of 31 QIs. Most indicators showed moderate or good face validity and feasibility scores. Consensus panels reduced the preliminary set used in the demonstration project to 24 QIs. The overall compliance to the QIs was 45.3%. Discriminative validity of the set was good; significant differences in adherence were found between GPs with high and low levels of patients aged 65 and older in their practice, with and without PCNs, and with positive and negative attitudes toward dementia (all P<.05). Based on the demonstration project, one QI was excluded. The final set consisted of 23 QIs; 15 QIs contained innovative quality criteria on collaboration between GPs and PCNs, referral criteria, and assessment of caregivers' needs.CONCLUSION: This new set of dementia QIs is feasible, reliable, and valid and can be used to improve primary dementia care. Because of the innovative quality criteria, the set is complementary to the existing dementia QIs.
The role of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in tumour growth
Authors: Jokilehto Terhi , Jaakkola Panu M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Hypoxia in tumours
Overview of the oxygen‐sensing mechanisms
The family of HIF hydroxylases
Expression of PHDs in normal tissues
Regulation of PHDs
PHDs in cell growth and differentiation
Expression of PHDs in cancer
Function of the PHDs in cancer
Other dioxygenase targets in cancer and future directions

Tumour hypoxia is a well‐known microenvironmental factor that causes cancer progression and resistance to cancer treatment. This involves multiple mechanisms of which the best‐understood ones are mediated through transcriptional gene activation by the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs in turn are regulated in response to oxygen availability by a family of iron‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases, the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). PHDs inactivate HIFs in normoxia by activating degradation of the HIF‐α subunit but release HIF activation in poorly oxygenated conditions. The function of HIF in tumours is fairly well characterized but our understanding on the outcome of PHDs in tumours is much more limited. Here we review the function of PHDs on the HIF system, the expression of PHDs in human tumours as well as their putative function in cancer. The PHDs may have either tumour promoting or suppressing activity. Their outcome in cancer depends on the cell and cancer type‐specific expression and on the availability of diverse natural PHD inhibitors in tumours. Moreover, besides the action of PHDs on HIF, recent data suggest PHD function in non‐HIF signalling. Together the data illustrate a complex operation of the oxygen sensors in cancer.
Maternal plasma level of antimicrobial peptide LL37 is a major determinant factor of neonatal plasma LL37 level
Authors: Mandic Havelka A , Yektaei‐Karin E , Hultenby K , Sørensen OE , Lundahl J , Berggren V , Marchini G 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL37subcellular distribution in cord neutrophils and normal plasma LL37 levels in mothers and neonates, relate them to delivery mode and relevant biochemical markers, including 25‐OHvitamin D [25(OH)D] as this molecules increases cathelicidin gene expression.Methods:  A total of 115 infants were included, n = 68 with normal delivery and n = 47 with elective Caesarean section (C‐section), a subset of these being 50 mother–infant pairs. Biomarkers were determined in maternal and cord blood. Subcellular peptide LL37 distribution was analysed with immunoelectron microscopy.Results:  Cord plasma LL37 levels were three‐times higher after normal delivery compared with C‐section. A highly significant correlation was observed between maternal and cord plasma LL37 levels, regardless of delivery mode. No relationship was found between LL37 and 25(OH)D levels. Neutrophils from cord blood after normal delivery contained 10‐times more cytoplasmatic cathelicidin peptide compared with corresponding cells after C‐section where a strict granular localization was found.Conclusion:  These data are consistent with a placental transfer of LL37 and identifies maternal stores as the critical factor determining neonatal plasma LL37 level. An additional enhancement of neonatal cathelicidin mobilization and release is connected to normal delivery stress.
Antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA damage in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus after 12 weeks of exercise
Authors: Woo J , Yeo NH , Shin KO , Lee H‐J , Yoo J , Kang S 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:  The objectives of this study are to assess the effects of a low‐intensity exercise training which is not risky for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on the antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stresses compared with healthy controls.Patients and methods:  We studied 10 boys with T1DM (11.21 ± 0.97 age) and 10 age‐matched healthy controls (11.90 ± 1.85 age) during the 12 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Measurements included peak oxygen uptake, body composition, blood lipid profiles, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities.Results:  In T1DM patients, the baseline diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c were higher than that in controls (p < 0.05), while the GPx level was lower. The training‐induced DNA damage peak was higher in T1DM patients than in controls (p < 0.05), and exercise improved both SOD and GPx levels.Conclusion:  Although our exercise programme increase antioxidant enzyme activities, the results of the study demonstrate that low‐intensity aerobic exercise training programme performed over 12 weeks may accelerate adverse effects of antioxidant defence capacity in children with T1DM. Therefore, the future studies should be performed to clarify much more the relationship to exercise and antioxidant capacity in children with T1DM.
Family stress and BMI in young children
Authors: Stenhammar C , Olsson GM , Bahmanyar S , Hulting A‐L , Wettergren B , Edlund B , Montgomery SM 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to investigate if family stress and parental attachment style are associated with body mass index (BMI) in young children, and identify possible explanations.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey with a two‐stage design was used. Parents of 873 children participated. They completed a demographic questionnaire, the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ), the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) and reported their children’s television‐viewing habits (as a marker of physical activity). Children’s height, weight and BMI were obtained from a general population‐based register, BASTA. Associations with over‐ and underweight in children were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.Results:  Family stress indicated by SPSQ‐score was associated with suboptimal BMI. Maternal, but not paternal, SPSQ‐stress score was statistically significantly associated with overweight and underweight, with adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence interval) of 4.61 (3.11–6.84; p < 0.001) and 3.08 (1.64–5.81; p < 0.001) respectively. Associations between childhood BMI and parental attachment style were identified, but were not independent of maternal SPSQ‐score.Conclusion:  Our findings support a role for family stress in development of both overweight and underweight among young children. This is likely to be attributed to behavioural mechanisms but a more direct metabolic influence of stress could also be involved.