bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multidisciplinary management of a fused maxillary central incisor with a talon cusp
Authors: Ozden B , Gunduz K , Ozer S , Oz A , Ozden F Otan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  A fused maxillary incisor required complex multidisciplinary treatment to preserve health and restore aesthetics. This report presents a rare case of a dental fusion between the maxillary right central incisor and a supernumerary tooth of a 9‐year‐old male patient with the chief complaint of the presence of a large anterior tooth.Methods:  Radiographic investigation and computerized tomography indicated there was no connection between pulp chambers. After dividing the crown with a diamond bur, the supernumerary tooth was removed and the diastema between the maxillary central incisors was closed by orthodontic treatment. The tooth was then restored with composite resin.Results:  The maxillary right central incisor was still healthy after a follow‐up examination period of 24 months.Conclusions:  A multidisciplinary approach with the cooperation of different practitioners can contribute to the success of a treatment plan.
Evaluation of microtensile bond strength of different fissure sealants to bovine enamel
Authors: Tunc E Sen , Bayrak S , Tuloglu N , Ertas E 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of a new fissure sealant and compare it with conventional sealants which are applied to enamel alone, and also with self‐etch and etch‐and‐rinse adhesives.Methods:  Enamel specimens were prepared and randomly distributed into three groups according to fissure sealant (Aegis, Helioseal F, Helioseal Clear). Each group was then subdivided according to adhesive system (Clearfil S3, Single Bond, no adhesive). A universal testing machine was used to measure μTBS, and data were analysed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests.Results:  μTBS values for all Aegis subgroups were significantly lower than for comparable Helioseal F and Helioseal Clear subgroups (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in μTBS of Helioseal F and Helioseal Clear (p > 0.05). In the Helioseal Clear group, μTBS values for Single Bond were significantly higher than for Clearfil S3 (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the μTBS values of the adhesive subgroups in the Aegis or Helioseal F groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions:  Sealant μTBS values may be affected by material content. The addition of an adhesive may improve μTBS values of sealant to enamel.
Clinical considerations for increasing occlusal vertical dimension: a review
Authors: Abduo J , Lyons K 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical considerations related to increasing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) when restoring a patient’s dentition. Thorough extraoral and intraoral evaluations are mandatory to assess the suitability of increasing OVD. In the literature, multiple techniques have been proposed to quantify OVD loss. However, the techniques lack consistency and reliability, which in turn affects the decision of whether to increase the OVD. Therefore, increasing OVD should be determined on the basis of the dental restorative needs and aesthetic demands. In general, a minimal increase in OVD should be applied, though a 5 mm maximum increase in OVD can be justified to provide adequate occlusal space for the restorative material and to improve anterior teeth aesthetics. The literature reflects the safety of increasing the OVD permanently, and although signs and symptoms may develop, these are usually of an interim nature. Whenever indicated, the increase in OVD should be achieved with fixed restorations rather than a removable appliance, due to the predictable patient adaptation. The exception to this is for patients with TMD, where increasing the OVD should still be achieved using removable appliances to control TMD‐associated symptoms before considering any form of irreversible procedure.
Effect of silver and fluoride ions on enamel demineralization: a quantitative study using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Liu BY , Lo ECM , Li CMT 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  This study aimed to investigate the effect of silver and fluoride ions on demineralization of enamel.Methods:  The coronal parts of 40 extracted sound premolars were prepared into tooth blocks. An unvarnished occlusal surface window (OW) and a flat buccal/lingual surface window (FW) were created for each tooth by covering all other surfaces with an acid‐resistant varnish. These blocks were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 blocks each and immersed in respective solutions for 5 minutes: Group 1 – 2.36 M silver fluoride; Group 2 – 2.36 M potassium fluoride; Group 3 – 2.36 M silver nitrate; and Group 4 – deionized water. After 7‐day immersion in a buffered demineralization solution at pH 4.4, micro‐CT scans were taken.Results:  Mean lesion depth in the FW area for tooth blocks in AgF, KF, AgNO3 and control groups were 0 μm, 3.3 ± 10.3 μm, 156.3 ± 30.8 μm, and 173.6 ± 48.6 μm, respectively (p < 0.001). The difference in mean lesion depth between the AgNO3 and control groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Similar OW and FW lesions were observed in tooth blocks in the AgNO3 and control groups.Conclusions:  Topical application of a 2.36 M fluoride solution can inhibit demineralization of enamel while topical application of silver ions has little effect.
Comparison of periosteal pedicle graft and subepithelial connective tissue graft for the treatment of gingival recession defects
Authors: Mahajan A , Bharadwaj A , Mahajan P 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  The use of periosteum as a pedicle graft in the treatment of gingival recession defects is a recent advancement. The subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of gingival recession defects. The present randomized controlled trial was done to compare periosteal pedicle graft (PPG) with SCTG for the treatment of gingival recession defects.Methods:  10 males and 10 females between the ages of 16 and 40 years (mean age 25.2 years) with Miller’s Class I and II recessions ≥3 mm participated in this one‐year clinical study. They were assigned randomly to test group (PPG) and control group (SCTG). Results were evaluated based on parameters measuring patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes associated with two treatment procedures. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Results:  At the end of the study, the defect coverage was 3.1 ± 0.13 mm or 92.6% in the test group compared to the control group in which the defect coverage was 2.70 ± 0.11 mm or 88.5%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The average residual defect was comparable between the two groups, i.e. 0.3 ± 0.67 and 0.5 ± 0.84 in the PPG and SCTG group respectively. The test group was rated higher in terms of overall patient satisfaction (p < 0.02) and comfort during and after the procedure (p < 0.001).Conclusions:  PPG and SCTG have comparable clinical effectiveness, but PPG is superior to SCTG in terms of patient‐centred outcomes, reflecting improved patient comfort and overall patient satisfaction.
Four Multistate Outbreaks of Human Salmonella Infections Associated with Live Poultry Contact, United States, 2009
Authors: Loharikar A. , Briere E. , Schwensohn C. , Weninger S. , Wagendorf J. , Scheftel J. , Garvey A. , Warren K. , Villamil E. , Rudroff J. A. , Kurkjian K. , Levine S. , Colby K. , Morrison B. , May A. , Anderson S. , Daly E. , Marsden‐Haug N. , Erdman M. M. , Gomez T. , Rhorer A. , Castleman J. , Adams J. K. , Theobald L. , Lafon P. , Trees E. , Mitchell J. , Sotir M. J. , Behravesh C. B. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryOutbreaks of human salmonellosis associated with live poultry contact have been reported since 1955. Multiple Salmonella serotypes have been associated with these outbreaks, and specific outbreak strains have been repeatedly linked to single hatcheries over multiple years. During 2009, four multistate outbreaks of human Salmonella infections associated with direct and indirect exposure to live poultry purchased from mail‐order hatcheries and agricultural feed stores were identified, resulting in 165 culture‐confirmed cases in 30 states. This report describes the epidemiologic, environmental and laboratory investigations conducted by state and local health departments, state departments of agriculture, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) and National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Case‐patients were identified through PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, and interviewed using the CDC standard live poultry contact questionnaire that asks about poultry‐related exposures during the 7 days before illness onset. These outbreaks highlight the need to focus efforts on strategies to decrease and prevent human illness associated with live poultry contact through comprehensive interventions at the mail‐order hatchery, agricultural feed store and consumer levels. Additional consumer education and interventions at mail‐order hatcheries and venues where live poultry are sold, including agricultural feed stores, are necessary to prevent transmission of Salmonella from poultry to humans.
Portal Vein Thrombosis in 33 Dogs: 1998–2011
Authors: Respess M. , O'Toole T.E. , Taeymans O. , Rogers C.L. , Johnston A. , Webster C.R.L. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been reported infrequently in dogs.ObjectivesTo characterize the presentation, associated disease conditions, and outcome in dogs withPVT.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with a diagnosis ofPVTand a complete medical record.MethodsRecords were retrospectively analyzed for presentation, history, physical examination, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic imaging, treatment, and outcome.ResultsThirty‐three dogs were included. Common clinical signs were vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, ascites, and signs of hypovolemic shock. Associated disease conditions included hepatic (14/33), neoplastic (7/33), immune (5/33), and infectious (4/33) diseases, protein‐losing nephropathy (3/33), hyperadrenocorticism (2/33), protein‐losing enteropathy (1/33), and pancreatitis (1/33). Fourteen dogs were receiving glucocorticoids at the time of diagnosis. Twenty‐nine dogs had at least 1 predisposing condition for venous thrombosis, and 11 had 2 or more. Thrombocytopenia (24/33), increased liver enzyme activity (23/33), and hypoalbuminemia (20/33) were common laboratory abnormalities. Clinical syndromes at the time ofPVTdiagnosis included shock (16/33), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), (13/33) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (3/33). Twenty‐four dogs had acute and 9 had chronicPVT. Multiple thrombi were found in 17/33 dogs. Nineteen dogs survived to discharge. Dogs treated with anticoagulant therapy were more likely, whereas those with acutePVT, multiple thromboses orSIRSwere less likely to survive.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHepatic disease is a common pre‐existing condition in dogs withPVT.PVTshould be considered in dogs with risk factors for venous thrombosis presenting with abdominal pain, ascites, and thrombocytopenia. Studies evaluating anticoagulant therapy in the management ofPVTare warranted.
Movement ecology of human resource users: using net squared displacement, biased random bridges and resource utilization functions to quantify hunter and gatherer behaviour
Authors: Papworth Sarah K. , Bunnefeld Nils , Slocombe Katie , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. Understanding human resource extraction is crucial for conservation science, allowing accurate assessments of system sustainability and testing key assumptions about human resource users.2. We apply ecological methods and principles to Global Positioning System (GPS) data on human movement to investigate the ecological and behavioural differences between human hunters and non‐hunters, a method which can be reproduced with any species which routinely return to a central place. The integration of movement ecology and habitat selection can greatly augment the applicability and scope of both disciplines, and we explore the issues that arise from integration, because of the differing data types and methods used by each approach.3. We propose an adaptable methodological framework which can be used to combine movement ecology and habitat selection when using data from GPS tracking devices, whether from human or animal foragers. The methodology is based on three steps and can be implemented in the free downloadable statistical program R, using the full code in the Data S1.4. First, we show that net squared displacement, coupled with nonlinear mixed‐effects models, is suitable for quantifying characteristics of small‐scale movement, such as daily travel patterns, and extracting parts of these journeys for analysis.5. Secondly, having extracted part of a journey, biased random bridges use the auto‐correlated GIS tracking data to create a utilization distribution (UD) for each individual. This method includes movement between known locations to estimate use intensity in an area.6. Finally, the UD can be analysed by a resource utilization function which relates the intensity of use to landscape features of an area to identify habitats selected by an individual. This can be used to predict use of the landscape at larger scales for both individuals and an entire population.7. This methodological framework is a flexible method to accurately assess human and animal resource use and movement through the natural environment.
Antidiuretic response of a horse affected with pituitarypars intermediadysfunction to desmopressin acetate
Authors: Moses M. E. , Johnson P. J. , Messer N. T. , Wilson D. A. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryCentral diabetes insipidus (DI) was diagnosed in a 20‐year‐old American Quarter Horse gelding that was concomitantly affected with pituitarypars intermediadysfunction (PPID). The diagnosis of DI was supported by a positive response to administered desmopressin acetate. Diagnosis of PPID was supported by physical appearance and elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration following domperidone administration. The horse's physical condition improved following treatment with pergolide but long‐term treatment with desmopressin was not undertaken and severe polyuria and polydipsia persisted. Desmopressin acetate appears to be useful for the diagnosis of DI in mature horses concomitantly affected with PPID.
Does the clinical clerkship course improve students' attitudes towards pharmaceutical care?
Authors: Ubaka Chukwuemeka Michae , Ekwunife Obinna Ikechukw , Adibe Maxwell Ogochukw 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical clerkship course undertaken by final year pharmacy students to improve their pharmacotherapeutic knowledge and professional competence was tested in this study to see its effect on students' attitudes towards pharmaceutical care.MethodsA 13-item Pharmaceutical Care Attitude Survey (PCAS) questionnaire was administered to final year pharmacy students at the University of Nigeria, before and after the 8-week-long clincal clerkship course. Statistical analyses were conducted on retrieved data.ResultsOne hundred and five students (95% of the sample) completed the pre-clerkship phase and 97 students (92% of pre-clerkship students) completed the post-clerkship phase. Of the 13 items, three increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) – that is, improved – and there were indications that a further six improved, with two having no change and two items getting worse after the clerkship course.ConclusionThis study showed that the clerkship course improved students' attitudes towards areas concerning professional duty but not those relating to benefit and responsibility. The importance of professional benefit needs to be emphasized by preceptors.
Myenteric neurons of the mouse small intestine undergo significant electrophysiological and morphological changes during postnatal development
Authors: Foong Jaime Pei Pei , Nguyen Trung V. , Furness John B. , Bornstein Joel C. , Young Heather M. 
Published: February 2012

Key points
Different functional types of neurons within the gut wall form circuits that regulate intestinal motility.
To examine the postnatal development of electrical properties of different classes of enteric neurons, we performed intracellular recordings from neurons in the mouse duodenum at three ages: postnatal day (P)0, P10–11 and adult.
Like adults, two main morphological classes of neurons are present at P0 and P10–11. P0 and P10–11 neurons with Dogiel type II (DII) morphology had multiple long processes that achieved their adult projection length by P10–11. However, they differed electrophysiologically from adult DII neurons in that they displayed prominent afterdepolarizing potentials.
Most electrical properties of neurons with a single long process were mature by P10–11. However, these neurons showed significant postnatal changes in morphology and projection length.
Major morphological and electrophysiological changes in enteric neurons occur postnatally, which could underlie changes in gut motility during development.
Opioid‐related (ORL1) receptors are enriched in a subpopulation of sensory neurons and prolonged activation produces no functional loss of surface N‐type calcium channels
Authors: Murali Swetha S. , Napier Ian A. , Rycroft Beth K. , Christie MacDonald J. 
Published: February 2012

Key points
The nociceptin/ORL1 receptor neuropeptide system is related to opioid systems and thought to be involved in pain modulation.
A major mechanism of action of this system is inhibition of calcium channels that control excitability of sensory nerves.
To understand the potential for drugs acting on this system to modulate pain it is important to identify the types of sensory nerve cells functionally expressing the ORL1 receptor and how they are modulated.
Here we identified a subpopulation of small, presumably pain sensing sensory nerves that are highly responsive to this neuropeptide both in their cell bodies and nerve terminals.
We then established that nociceptin/ORL1 stimulation inhibits calcium channels only while the peptide is present on the cells or their nerve terminals but does not produce long‐term down‐regulation of calcium channel function as had been previously proposed.
Quality Assessment of U.S. Marketplace Vancomycin for Injection Products Using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Potency Assays
Authors: Hadwiger Michael E. , Sommers Cynthia D. , Mans Daniel J. , Patel Vikram , Boyne Michael T. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

In response to a published concern about the potency and quality of generic vancomycin products, the United States Food and Drug Administration investigated a small sampling of the vancomycin products available in North America with regard to purity, content, and potency. To facilitate identification of impurities, a new liquid chromatography method was developed using high-resolution mass spectrometry in addition to diode array detection to characterize impurities in several commercial products. Furthermore, a microbiological assay was utilized to link the analytical profiles with an
in vitro
potency. All products tested met the quality specifications outlined in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) (vancomycin hydrochloride for injection monograph) for impurities and potency (USP, Vancomycin hydrochloride for injection. United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, vol USP 34-NF 29, 2011).
Chromosomal Mutations Responsible for Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Ureaplasma Species in the United States
Authors: Xiao Li , Crabb Donna M. , Duffy Lynn B. , Paralanov Vanya , Glass John I. , Waites Ken B. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT

We sequenced the full lengths of the
gyrA
,
gyrB
,
parC
, and
parE
genes in 13 fluoroquinolone-resistant
Ureaplasma
isolates (levofloxacin MICs, 4 to 32 μg/ml) and 10 susceptible isolates (MICs ≤ 2 μg/ml). Mutations were detected in all resistant isolates but in none of the susceptible isolates. The most prevalent mutation was the S83L substitution in the ParC protein. No plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes were detected.
Expression of the Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division Pump AdeIJK in Acinetobacter baumannii Is Regulated by AdeN, a TetR-Type Regulator
Authors: Rosenfeld Nicolas , Bouchier Christiane , Courvalin Patrice , Périchon Bruno 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTResistance-nodulation-division efflux system AdeIJK contributes to intrinsic resistance to various drug classes inAcinetobacter baumannii. By whole-genome sequencing, we have identified in clinical isolate BM4587 theadeNgene, located 813 kbp upstream fromadeIJK, which encodes a TetR transcriptional regulator. In one-step mutant BM4666 overexpressingadeIJK, the deletion of cytosine 582 (C582) in the 3′ portion of this gene was responsible for a frameshift mutation resulting in the deletion of the seven C-terminal residues.trans-Complementation of this BM4587 derivative with a plasmid expressingadeNrestored antibiotic susceptibility to the host associated with the loss ofadeJoverexpression. The inactivation ofadeNin BM4587 led to a diminished susceptibility to antibiotics that are substrates for AdeIJK and to a 5-fold increase inadeJexpression. Taken together, these results indicate that AdeN represses AdeIJK expression. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that AdeN is constitutively expressed in BM4587 and does not regulate its own expression. Deletion of cytosine 582 and a 394-bp deletion of the 3′ part ofadeNwere found in independent one-stepadeIJK-overexpressing mutants selected from clinical isolates BM4667 and BM4651, respectively. The corresponding alterations were located in the α9 helix, which is known to be involved in dimerization, a process essential for the activity of TetR regulators. TheadeNgene was detected in all of the 30A. baumanniistrains tested and inAcinetobacter calcoaceticus,Acinetobacter nosocomialis, andAcinetobacter pittii.