bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On quadratic fields generated by the Shanks sequence
Authors: Luca Florian , Shparlinski Igor E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLet u(n)=f(gn), where g > 1 is integer and f(X) ∈ ℤ[X] is non-constant and has no multiple roots. We use the theory of $\mathcal{S}$-unit equations as well as bounds for character sums to obtain a lower bound on the number of distinct fields among $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{u(n)})$ for n ∈ $\{M+1,\dots,M+N\}$. Fields of this type include the Shanks fields and their generalizations.
A 15-year follow-up study on schistosomiasis in a low-endemic area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Igreja R.P. , Gusmão M.F. , Barreto M.G.M. , Paulino M.T. , da Silva J.F. , Seck O.K. , Gonçalves M.M.L. , Soares M.S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFifteen years after our first investigation, a follow-up study was carried out with the purpose of assessing the evolution of schistosomiasis in the locality of Sabugo, Paracambi, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an area with low prevalence of the disease. The coprological techniques adopted were spontaneous sedimentation and Kato-Katz. Out of the 1356 individuals assessed, 13 (1%) were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. From those, 10 were males, 12 were over 15 years old, and at least 11 had been infected in Sabugo. All patients presented either the intestinal or the hepato-intestinal form of the disease, and 8 (61.5%) harboured light parasitic loads. In 1990, there were 27 (2.7%) infected individuals; less than half harboured light parasitic loads, with the predominance of moderate and heavy forms. Although our results indicate an improvement in the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in Sabugo, transmission of the disease in the locality is still active, especially among young males, and tends to be acquired during leisure activities.
New species and new records of Cryptothecia and Herpothallon (Arthoniales) from India
Authors: RAM T. A. M. JAGADEESH , SINHA G. P. , SINGH K. P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFive new species of Cryptothecia: C. alboglauca, C. bengalensis, C. farinosa, C. multipunctata and C. verruculifera, and two new species of Herpothallon: H. granulosum and H. isidiatum are described from India. Herpothallon australasicum (Elix) Elix & G. Thor and H. granulare (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking are also reported as new records.
Growth of the old forest lichen Usnea longissima at forest edges
Authors: JANSSON K. Ulrika , PALMQVIST Kristin , ESSEEN Per-Anders 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe lichen Usnea longissima was used to examine how distance from forest edge and edge contrast influence growth of pendulous lichens. Thalli of two sizes (12 and 27 cm) were transplanted to the lower canopy of old Picea abies forest at 5, 25 and 100 m distance from cutovers. Sites represented three levels of edge contrast: high (clear-cut), intermediate (3 m tall saplings) and low (6–7 m tall young forest). Lichen growth was assessed as annual length and weight gain. Growth rates of intact thalli were size-dependent, with both growth variables being higher in long than in short thalli. Distance and edge contrast had significant effects on weight gain in long thalli but not in short ones. Weight gain in long thalli was twice as high near the edge (23%) compared to the forest interior (12%). The highest weight gain (31%) occurred at intermediate contrast edges with lower growth at both low (18%) and high contrast edges (20%). Chlorophyll a concentration was highest near the edge and positively correlated with weight gain, suggesting that growth was stimulated by both increased photosynthetic capacity and higher light availability near the edge. The lower part of the canopy in forest edges apparently have favourable growth conditions for U. longissima with growth being influenced by vegetation on adjoining cutovers. Therefore growth responses cannot explain the previously observed decline of pendulous lichens following edge creation. Our results suggest that vegetation buffers can improve conditions for pendulous lichens near forest edges.
A new species of Placocarpus (Verrucariaceae) from southern California
Authors: KNUDSEN Kerry , BREUSS Othmar , KOCOURKOVÁ Jana 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new species, Placocarpus americanus, is described from the Santa Monica Mountains in Southern California. It is a juvenile parasite on Protoparmeliopsis muralis and differs from Placocarpus schaereri in having smaller non-halonate ascospores, a negative iodine reaction of the medulla, lack of inspersion of the medulla with small crystals, and having a thallus of dispersed areoles.
Multivariate analysis of anatomical characters confirms the differentiation of two morphologically close species,Melanohalea olivacea(L.) O. Blancoet al.andM. septentrionalis(Lynge) O. Blancoet al.
Authors: TRUONG Camille , NACIRI Yamama , CLERC Philippe 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study investigates how anatomical characters can be used to differentiate two morphologically close species,Melanohalea olivacea(L.) O. Blancoet al.andM. septentrionalis(Lynge) O. Blancoet al. Although the two species are morphologically differentiated, mainly based on the position and shape of pseudocyphellae on the lobes, poorly-developed specimens can be difficult to identify based on morphology alone. For example, in Switzerland, both species are at the south-west limit of their distribution range and most specimens are small and not fully developed. In such cases, anatomical characters are particularly useful in separating the two species. Five anatomical characters were studied: spore length and width; hymenium, subhymenium and hypothecium height. A nested ANOVA showed that variation of spore length was 155 times greater between species than between individuals of the same species, itself 5 times higher than within individuals. In a Principal Component Analysis, despite a substantial variation of the anatomical characters within both species, a significant species differentiation appeared distinctly on the first axis (P< 0·001), which accounted for 62·35% of the total variance, and the type specimens nested within each species. Finally, a Discriminant Linear Analysis assigned 100% of the individuals to their species class, the best predictors to discriminate between the two species being subhymenium height and spore length. These characters proved to be powerful in identifying specimens with a poorly-developed morphology and confirmed the presence ofM. olivaceain Switzerland.
Exploring Women’s Attitudes and Intentions to Seek Care from Nurse Practitioners across Different Age Groups
Authors: Wasylkiw Louise , Gould Odette N. , Johnstone Dusty 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉPuisque l’acceptation publique est essentielle à une intégration réussie des infirmières praticiennes dans le système de soins de santé canadien, la présente étude examine de quelle manière les femmes de différents groupes d’âge perçoivent les infirmières praticiennes. Les femmes d’âge moyen avaient généralement une opinion plus positive des professionnels de la santé et étaient plus enclines à indiquer qu’elles demanderaient de l’aide des infirmières praticiennes que les femmes plus âgées et plus jeunes qu’elles. Les répondants des trois groupes d’âge étaient davantage portés à consulter des médecins que des infirmières praticiennes, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les problèmes de santé aigus (par opposition aux questions préventives).
Fear of Falling among Elderly Patients with Dizziness and Syncope in a Tilt Setting
Authors: Perez-Jara Javier , Enguix Alfredo , Fernandez-Quintas Jose Miguel , Gómez-Salvador Beatriz , Baz Rosa , Olmos Paloma , Rodríguez Alberto , Vilches Arturo , Reyes-Ortiz Carlos 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉLes objectifs de cette étude étaient de mesurer la prévalence de la crainte de tomber chez les patients âgés de plus de 60 ans à cause d’étourdissements, de chutes et de syncopes et d’analyser les facteurs de risque que l’on associe à ce syndrome, y compris les données provenant du test d’inclinaison. Cette étude transversale a inclus 200 patients qui ont été dirigés vers une clinique gériatrique externe spécialisée dans les étourdissements, les chutes et les syncopes. Le premier résultat mesuré a été la proportion de patients qui ont expérimenté la crainte de tomber (oui ou non) et si cette crainte causait une restriction au moment de sortir seuls ou d’effectuer les activités de la vie quotidienne. La crainte de tomber est apparue chez 50 pour cent des patients de cette population. Parmi eux, 44 pour cent avaient cessé de sortir seuls et 10 pour cent avaient cessé d’effectuer les activités de base de la vie quotidienne. Chez les patients de 75 ans et plus, les étourdissements à répétition, la dépression et les symptômes ressentis lorsqu’ils se lèvent ont été des facteurs associés à la crainte de tomber. Le fait d’avoir subi des chutes au préalable n’a pas été un facteur associé.
Exploring the Acceptability and Feasibility of Conducting a Large Longitudinal Population-Based Study in Canada
Authors: Kirkland Susan A. , Raina Parminder S. , Wolfson Christina , Strople Geoff , Kits Olga , Dukeshire Steven , Angus Camille L. , Szala-Meneok Karen , Uniat Jennifer , Keshavarz Homa , Furlini Linda , Pelletier Amélie 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉLe recrutement et la rétention réussis lors d’études longitudinales basées sur la population exigent la compréhension des facilitants et des barrières à la participation. Les points de vue des Canadiens(nes) concernant une telle étude proposée, l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ÉLCV), ont été explorés. Des groupes de discussion de participants âgés de ≥ 40 ans ont été mis en place dans six emplacements proposés pour la collecte de données de l’ÉLCV (Halifax, Montréal, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Calgary et Vancouver) pour discuter de la participation possible à une étude à long terme sur le vieillissement en santé. Il y avait un soutien marqué pour la recherche longitudinale sur la santé et le vieillissement. L’altruisme était une motivation clée à la participation et les universités ont été perçues comme des institutions crédibles pour entreprendre de telles études. Les participants ont eu peu d’inquiétude à l’égard du don d’échantillons biologiques, mais ont exprimé quelques inquiétudes concernant l’utilisation inapproprié du matériel génétique, la commercialisation des données de participant et les questions reliées à la confidentialité et la vie privée. Ces résultats ont déjà eu un impact sur le travail actuel, et futur, de l’ÉLCV, et fourniront également des informations utiles aux chercheurs qui entreprennent d’autres études longitudinales basées sur la population.
Éditorial : Concrétisation de la vision. L’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement, une initiative stratégique des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada
Authors: Martin-Matthews Anne , Mealing Linda 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThe Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging has progressed from a vision initiated by the CIHR Institute of Aging in 2001 to a federally funded national research platform in 2008. The development of the CLSA protocol was enhanced through a series of international peer reviews, a multisectorial Steering Committee, and a CIHR Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues committee; each was essential to the excellence of the science and to making the CLSA relevant to multiple sectors. The CLSA research team, led by three co-principal investigators (Kirkland, Raina, and Wolfson), has developed a unique protocol focusing on aging from cell to society, designed to follow 50,000 people aged 45 to 85, for 20 years. A strategic partnership with Statistics Canada has been crucial to the development and launch of the CLSA. The CLSA will contribute to our understanding of transitions and trajectories within an aging population, and will differ from longitudinal studies of aging worldwide through the breadth of its scope, the early age of recruitment into the study (age 45), the ethno-cultural diversity of Canada’s population, and the potential to link collected data to health administrative data at the provincial level. The CIHR is a novel longitudinal population-based study that will be an unprecedented research resource underpinning multidisciplinary research and evidence-based decision making in aging in Canada.
The Barium Isotopic Abundance in the Metal-Poor Star HD140283
Authors: Collet R. , Asplund M. , Nissen P. E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe derive the mixture of odd to even barium isotopes in the atmosphere of the metal-poor subgiant HD140283 from the analysis of the Ba ii transition at 4554 Å in a high-resolution high signal-to-noise spectrum of the star. The detailed shape of this spectral line depends on the relative contributions of odd and even isotopes via isotopic and hyperfine splitting. We measure the fractional abundance of odd Ba isotopes by modelling the formation of the Ba ii 4554-Å line profile with the use of both a classical 1D hydrostatic and a 3D hydrodynamical model atmosphere of HD140283. We interpret the results in terms of contributions by the slow (s) and rapid (r) neutron-capture processes to the isotopic mix. While the result of the 1D analysis of the Ba ii feature indicates a 64 ± 36% contribution of the r-process to the isotopic mix, the 3D analysis points toward a mere 15 ± 34% contribution from this process, that is consistent with a solar-like mixture of barium isotopes.
Asymptotic-Giant-Branch Models at Very Low Metallicity
Authors: Cristallo S. , Piersanti L. , Straniero O. , Gallino R. , Domínguez I. , Käppeler F. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present the evolution of a low-mass model (initial mass M = 1.5 M⊙) with a very low metal content (Z = 5 × 10−5, equivalent to [Fe/H] = –2.44). We find that, at the beginning of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase, protons are ingested from the envelope in the underlying convective shell generated by the first fully developed thermal pulse. This peculiar phase is followed by a deep third dredge-up episode, which carries to the surface the freshly synthesized 13C, 14N and 7Li. A standard thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) evolution then follows. During the proton-ingestion phase, a very high neutron density is attained and the s process is efficiently activated. We therefore adopt a nuclear network of about 700 isotopes, linked by more than 1200 reactions, and we couple it with the physical evolution of the model. We discuss in detail the evolution of the surface chemical composition, starting from the proton ingestion up to the end of the TP-AGB phase.
SOCIAL CAPITAL, WELL-BEING, AND EARNINGS
Authors: Growiec Jakub , Growiec Katarzyna 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
We study the relationship between two distinct dimensions of social capital (bridging and bonding social capital) and the personal performances of individuals: their reported subjective well-being (SWB) and earnings. A theoretical model is put forward which explains the sources and dynamics of social capital formation. It predicts an inverse U-shaped relationship between any type of social capital and SWB, an inverse U-shaped relationship between bridging social capital and earnings, and an unambiguously negative impact of bonding social capital on earnings. The key predictions of the model are confirmed using cross-section survey data from the 2005 wave of the ‘Social Diagnosis’ survey program conducted in Poland. Very low levels of bridging social capital observed in Poland imply that it is unambiguously beneficial to invest in it: both SWB of individuals and their earnings would increase in such case.
FAMILY AND GENDER ROLES IN SPAIN FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Mínguez Almudena Moreno 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper will be to analyse changes in family and gender roles in Spain within the process of individualization in the European context. The focus is thus to evaluate the extent to which institutional factors (family policies) and individual factors interact in the development of cultural models that explain differences in preferences and family and labour strategies adopted by citizens. With the objective of determining to what extent a transition process towards an egalitarian family model is being made, socio-demographic factors that explain preference groups with regard to labour and family life-styles will be analysed in two countries with very different traditions of labour and family conciliation, such as Spain and Finland. Therefore, in a second part of the work, individual factors linked to population segments identified with the egalitarian model of family roles and with the traditional model of family in Spain and Finland will be clarified. This research has highlighted the fact that a difference between family life-styles is explained by variables such as education and marital status in Spain, whereas in Finland, analyses of segmentation have underlined that age is the best variable to explain differences regarding the desired role of females.
Increased Prevalence of Anti‐gliadin Antibodies and Anti‐tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Stenberg Reidun , Dahle Charlotte , Lindberg Eva , Schollin Jens 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTAim and Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is any association between cerebral palsy (CP) and celiac disease (CD) in children.Patients and Methods:Ninety children between 18 months and 18 years of age (median 9 years) with CP were included. Antibodies (IgA and IgG) against gliadin (AGA), endomysium (EMA), and tissue transglutaminase (tTG) were measured. Children with elevated levels of these antibodies were offered a small‐bowel biopsy.Results:Thirty‐nine children showed an elevated level of 1 or more of the tested antibodies (43%). None had raised EMA antibodies. Presence of tetraplegia or dyskinesia was associated with increased antibody levels (P = 0.045), as was a more severe functional type of CP (P = 0.008). Children with elevated antibodies had a lower body weight (P = 0.049), height (P = 0.041), and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.014). Small‐bowel biopsies were performed in 27 out of 39 children; 1 had CD and 2 had intraepithelial lymphocytosis.Conclusions:A large number of children with CP had elevated AGA and/or anti‐tTG. Because these elevations were associated with lower weight, height, and BMI, it seemed of interest to speculate on how these findings correlated to CP and CD. However, we found no correlation between CP and CD.
Ethnic and Sex Differences in the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Suspected Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adolescents
Authors: Graham Rose C , Burke Ann , Stettler Nicolas 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized among overweight adolescents. Metabolic syndrome often coexists with NAFLD in adults. This study aimed to determine whether, in US adolescents, metabolic syndrome increases the odds of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >40 U/L, a surrogate for NAFLD.Materials and Methods:A cross‐sectional study of the association between metabolic syndrome and ALT>40 U/L was undertaken in a sample of 12‐ to 19‐year‐olds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2002, representative of the US adolescent population. Subjects were excluded for incomplete data, pregnancy, steroid or hepatotoxic drug use, cholestasis or viral hepatitis, and alcohol intake. The metabolic syndrome was defined by adult criteria adapted for pediatric body size and blood pressure. The association of metabolic syndrome with ALT>40 U/L, effect modifiers, and confounders were analyzed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sampling weights.Results:Of 4902 adolescents, the 1323 included were similar to the excluded ones, except for the important variable sex (55% vs 49% male, P = 0.03, respectively). The metabolic syndrome was associated with ALT>40 U/L (odds ratio [OR] 16.7, confidence interval [CI] 6.2–45.1, P < 0.001) with significant interaction by sex: OR 20.4 (CI 6.2–66.7, P < 0.001) for males versus 3.1 (CI 0.4–25.1, P = 0.3) for females. Further stratification of males suggested interaction by ethnicity: OR 5.0 (CI 1.3–19.0, P = 0.02) for Hispanics versus 34.3 (CI 7.61–55.4, P < 0.001) for non‐Hispanics. Among Hispanic males, adjustment for body mass index z score explained the association (OR 0.6; CI 0.1–2.9, P = 0.5), whereas among non‐Hispanic males, the association remained after adjustment for BMIz (OR 11.1; CI 3.2–38.0, P < 0.001).Conclusions:Metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with ALT>40 U/L in US male adolescents. Body mass index z score explained this association among Hispanics, but not among non‐Hispanic males. Significant sex and ethnic differences exist in the association of pediatric metabolic syndrome with elevated ALT.
Use and Safety of Rifaximin in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Muniyappa Pramodha , Gulati Reema , Mohr Franziska , Hupertz Vera 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTBackground:Rifaximin, Food and Drug Administration approved for traveler's diarrhea, has been used in adult patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This retrospective review was undertaken to determine its role in the treatment of pediatric IBD.Methods:A review of children with IBD, who were treated with rifaximin from 2005 to 2007 at our institution, was performed. Collected data included diagnosis, age, medication history, recent therapy, symptom, and interval to improvement. Response was rated as none, moderate, or optimum relief for each symptom.Results:Twenty‐three patients were identified, 12 with Crohn disease and 11 with ulcerative colitis (UC) with a median age of 13 years. The most common complaints were diarrhea in 20 patients (87%), abdominal pain in 17 (74%), and bloody stools in 15 (65%). Rifaximin was given at doses ranging between 10 and 30 mg/kg (Table 1). Of the 20 patients who presented with diarrhea 5 (25%) had relief of diarrhea within 1 week of starting rifaximin and total of 12 patients (60%) experienced relief within 4 weeks. Abdominal pain resolved in 3 of 17 patients (17.6%) within 1 week and in 12 of 17 (70.6%) within 4 weeks. Visible bleeding resolved in 10 of 15 patients (66.7%) within 4 weeks of therapy (Table 2). Analysis of concurrent medications showed 61% experienced relief of symptoms when addition of rifaximin was the only meaningful treatment change.Conclusions:Rifaximin was well‐tolerated and showed favorable results. Larger doses of rifaximin were statistically better for abdominal pain. Further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and optimal dosing of rifaximin in this population.