bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Link Between Couples’ Pregnancy Intentions And Behavior: Does It Matter Who Is Asked?
Authors: Waller Maureen R. , Bitler Marianne P. 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT:  Previous studies have linked pregnancy intentions with some pregnancy‐related behaviors and infant health outcomes. However, most have used only women’s reports of intentions and examined only maternal behaviors. METHODS:  Baseline data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (1998–2000) are used to examine whether parents of newborns considered abortion upon learning of the pregnancy and whether this measure of pregnancy intention is associated with their behaviors during pregnancy or with infant birth weight. Associations between outcomes and each parent’s pregnancy intention are explored with multivariate probit regressions or least squares regressions for 737 married and 2,366 unmarried couples. RESULTS:  If at least one parent considered abortion, unmarried mothers had a significantly reduced probability of initiating early prenatal care, and unmarried fathers had a significantly reduced probability of providing cash or in‐kind support during the pregnancy. The proportion of mothers receiving care in the first trimester was 12 percentage points lower when the mother only or both parents considered abortion than when neither parent did; depending on which parent reported on fathers’ support during pregnancy, the proportion of fathers who provided cash or in‐kind assistance was 6–10 percentage points lower when the father only considered abortion and 6–14 points lower when both parents considered abortion than when neither did. CONCLUSIONS:  Future research on pregnancy intentions should incorporate both men and women. Understanding men’s pregnancy intentions and their associations with early support of mothers may inform discussions of how to encourage men’s involvement in family planning, prenatal health care and parenting.
Reproductive Health Service Preferences And Perceptions of Quality Among Low‐Income Women: Racial, Ethnic and Language Group Differences
Authors: Becker Davida , Tsui Amy O. 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT:  Eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in health care is an important national priority. Despite substantial research documenting such disparities, this topic has received limited attention in the reproductive health field. METHODS:  Logistic regression was used to test for group differences in three service delivery preferences and five service quality perceptions among a nationally representative sample of 1,741 low‐income black, Latina and white women aged 18–34; the data were collected in 1995 and represent the most recent data available for looking at these issues. RESULTS:  English‐speaking Latinas and Spanish‐speaking Latinas were more likely than whites to prefer a female clinician at their visits (odds ratios, 1.8 and 3.6, respectively) and to highly value clinician continuity (1.7 and 2.2). English‐speaking Latinas and blacks were more likely than whites to prefer receiving reproductive health care at a site delivering general health care (1.5 and 1.6). Both groups of Latinas were less likely than whites to give the facility environment or the patient‐centeredness at their most recent reproductive health visit the highest rating (0.3–0.5). Blacks were more likely than whites to report ever having been pressured by a clinician to use contraceptives (2.3). CONCLUSIONS:  Efforts to reduce racial, ethnic and language group differences in clients’ perceptions of reproductive health service quality should focus on improving client‐clinician communication, the service environment and contraceptive counseling. Future research should continue to assess group differences and try to determine their underlying causes.
Changes in Sexual Risk Behavior as Young Men Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Dariotis Jacinda K. , Sonenstein Freya L. , Gates Gary J. , Capps Randy , Astone Nan M. , Pleck Joseph H. , Sifakis Frangiscos , Zeger Scott 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT:  Understanding how young men’s sexual risk behaviors change during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood is important for the design and evaluation of effective strategies to reduce the transmission of HIV and other STDs. METHODS:  Data from three waves of the National Survey of Adolescent Males (1988, 1991 and 1995) were used to categorize 1,880 respondents into clusters according to sexual risk behaviors. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to assess associations between clusters and rates of self‐reported STD diagnoses and positive chlamydia tests. RESULTS:  Two dimensions of sexual risk‐taking defined the clusters: partner characteristics and condom use. More than 50% of men remained in low‐risk groups over time. In the first two waves, 24–32% of men reported engaging in high‐risk behaviors (risky partners, condom nonuse); these behaviors were associated with elevated levels of STD outcomes. Nearly 40% of men who entered a high‐risk group in the first two waves transitioned to a lower risk group by the third wave. Nine percent of men either engaged in increasingly risky behaviors or maintained membership in high‐risk groups; elevated STD rates characterized both trajectories. Low condom use combined with having multiple partners during adolescence was associated with elevated STD rates in the year preceding the third wave; high condom use coupled with having risky partners was not. CONCLUSIONS:  The prominence of low‐risk behaviors over time suggests that most young men avoid sexual risk‐taking. Effective strategies to reduce HIV and STD risk in young men must simultaneously address multiple dimensions of sexual behavior.
Sexual Risk‐Taking Among Adult Dating Couples In the United States
Authors: Billy John O. G. , Grady William R. , Sill Morgan E. 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT: Knowledge of sexual and contraceptive behaviors as risk factors for STDs is largely based on women's or men's separate reports of their attitudes and behaviors. Little research has been based on couples.METHODS: Data from the 2005–2006 National Couples Survey were used to examine the sexual risk‐taking behavior of 335 dating couples. Associations between each partner's characteristics and the couple's probability of recently having had anal sex and of having done something to protect themselves from STDs were assessed using logistic regression analyses. Models included measures of power dynamics and partners' perceptions of who controls sexual and contraceptive decisions. RESULTS: Couples in which the female partner reported that her male partner made the decisions about sex and contraception had increased probability of having had anal sex during the four weeks prior to the interview. In addition, partners' relationship power and their perception of control over sex and contraception moderated associations between couples' behavior and partners' characteristics, experiences and beliefs. For example, although couples in which the male partners had known someone with AIDS were less likely than others to engage in anal sex, that association was much greater for males with high income—and thus greater power—than for those with low income. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviors are not controlled by any one individual in a relationship; characteristics of each partner are important. Couples‐based interventions that take into consideration relationship—especially power—dynamics may enable individuals to initiate and sustain safer‐sex practices.
It's Better on TV: Does Television Set Teenagers Up for Regret Following Sexual Initiation?
Authors: Martino Steven C. , Collins Rebecca L. , Elliott Marc N. , Kanouse David E. , Berry Sandra H. 
Published: June 2009

CONTEXT: Two‐thirds of sexually experienced teenagers in the United States say they wish they had waited longer to have intercourse for the first time. Little is known about why such a large proportion of teenagers express disappointment about the timing of their initial experience with sex. METHODS: Data on television viewing, on regret about the timing of first intercourse and on potentially relevant covariates were obtained from a national, three‐year (2001–2004) longitudinal survey of adolescents aged 12–17 at baseline. Logistic regression and path analysis were used to examine the association between exposure to sex on television and the likelihood of regret following sexual initiation, the extent to which shifts in expectations about the positive consequences of sex mediate this association and whether these relationships differ by gender. RESULTS: Sixty‐one percent of females and 39% of males who had sex for the first time during the study period reported that they wished they had waited to have sex. Exposure to sexual content on television was positively associated with the likelihood of regret following sexual initiation among males (coefficient, 0.34) but not females. The association among males was partly explained by a downward shift in males' sex‐related outcome expectancies following sexual initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that limit teenagers' exposure to televised sexual content, that provide a more accurate portrayal of sexuality than typically depicted on television or that help adolescents think critically about televised sexual content may help teenagers make more carefully considered decisions about sexual debut.
Beautiful place/beautiful view journey scrolls and writing structure in the hea(r)t of the southern hemisphere
Authors: Diggle Val 
Published: June 2009

This article documents a re-iterated workshop which was presented firstly to groups of undergraduate students in New Zealand, from a variety of disciplines, not all of which were arts based, who had elected to take a paper in creative process as a minor component of their degree. For
these undergraduate students, the workshop was designed to introduce a system for entering a zone, a creative pre-space, which would be an effective preparation for writing creatively.
The same workshop was then presented to groups of postgraduate Master of Fine Art and Master of Design
students to improve the quality of their journal writing. For these students, the workshop was designed to introduce a performative series of actions which would help to disrupt preconceived notions, and introduce new ways of thinking, about the relationship between writing and creative practice.
In
the workshop, all the students were invited to consider, with the careful scrutiny of a forensic scientist, the secret life of places. They were introduced to a system used by Japanese scroll artists who record the journey from a beautiful place to a beautiful view by making observational
drawings of lateral views along the way, from regular vantage points, turning slowly through 180 degrees, until, having reached the destination, the beautiful view itself, their gaze is directed back to the starting point.
In the process of recording their own small journeys in this way,
with rolls of paper and charcoal, students described experiencing a slower, embodied form of knowing which not only enlivened them to the secret life of places, but also gave them a tacit understanding about writing structure. The students, at undergraduate and postgraduate stages in their
education, became aware of themselves simultaneously travelling, in a self-directed way, through space, whilst also being defined by that space. They expressed an awareness of this reciprocal relationship verbally, through drawings and in critical, self-reflective writing. The students absorbed
the exercise as part choreography, part script and as a metaphor for academic writing, in which the end (which can rarely be fully anticipated) must be signalled by the beginning, and in which the introduction is often finally drafted last.
This article also explores the value of irregularity
as a legitimate pedagogical strategy to inform journal writing, by empowering students to explore their own creativity through an autonomous process of critical self-reflection. The form of this article attempts to offer a model for a style of writing within this process which could be described
as belonging to the genre of creative non-fiction.
Behind the lines and lines and lines: student studio solutions to projects that facilitate the exploration of visual and textual languages within fine arts practice
Authors: Charlton Jane 
Published: June 2009

<disp-quote>Whatever helps learners with special needs can indeed be of help to all learners. (Race 2005: 159) </disp-quote>The work illustrated in this paper represents students who have responded to projects and studio workshops that address notions of reading, as opposed to looking at imagery and looking as opposed to reading texts. Active learning is viewed as a means of engaging with projects developed to facilitate enquiry into handling texts as artwork and artwork as text. I am not advocating any formula for working with dyslexic students or students defined within the above remit for Widening Participation. I do not claim any specialist experience about dyslexia, but I am attempting imaginative solutions to students' individual personal struggles in studying and practicing in the Arts. Using a Constructivist teaching model, whereby I hope to facilitate learning rather than to teach, and students are encouraged to respond to, and adapt projects which will inform the curriculum content of the subsequent student cohort. Docendo Disco: By teaching I learn (Grayling 2006: 226) is the philosophy that supports the ongoing development of work in this genre. Each academic year, student's responses to work using text inform the curriculum content for the following student cohort. Student evaluation and comment genuinely informs the developing curriculum in an effort to reflect what students perceive to be relevant and useful. Specific examples of student artwork, which challenge the perceived stigma of dyslexia, will be discussed. Encouraging students to use their primary personal understanding of the condition to confront it is central to the theme of dyslexia as personal experience. It is important to note that whilst I am aware of our dyslexic cohort and of Widening Participation agendas, curriculum development is for the benefit of all our students.The individual case studies presented are done so with the consent of all graduates of York St John University whose work is represented and with the understanding that their work frequently addresses individual experience of diversity or difference. The work will provide a forum for future discussion. Art can empower and enable students to confront and challenge their unique contribution to a University community. The results are often exciting and can stimulate reflection and discourse for curriculum development within Higher Education Faculties.
Sylexiad. A typeface for the adult dyslexic reader
Authors: Hillier Robert 
Published: June 2009

The investigation concerns a series of typeface legibility and readability studies which have resulted in the creation of a number of new typefaces including Sylexiad. Sylexiad is grounded and informed from a dyslexic viewpoint and is a typeface for the adult dyslexic reader.
Sylexiad
was developed by means of comparative typeface testing. This involved a series of formative and summative small-scale tests that accommodated two established word recognition models word shape and parallel letter recognition. This novel method of measuring legibility and readability is called
developmental typeface testing. The data was gathered by means of qualitative and quantitative techniques from dyslexic and non-dyslexic groups based at Norwich University College of the Arts and The University of East Anglia. These techniques included questionnaires, interviews and observations.
The research was inductive and practice-based in approach.
The findings identify which typographic characteristics adult dyslexic and non-dyslexic readers preferred and why. For the majority of non-dyslexic readers tested, it was the combination of serif-style, lowercase forms, large x-heights,
medium weight, variable strokes and normal inter-word spacing that was preferred. The non-dyslexic readers also favoured the form of Times New Roman. Conversely, for the majority of dyslexic readers tested it was the combination of handwritten style, uppercase forms, long ascenders and descenders,
light weight, uniform strokes, perpendicular design and generous inter-word spacing that was preferred. The dyslexic readers also favoured the form of Serif Sylexiad.
The conclusions have raised issues that confirm and contradict current typographic principles of legibility. In particular,
from a dyslexic perspective, the word shape model has been challenged. The outcomes and issues that have been identified as a result of developmental typeface testing have therefore contributed to new knowledge within the field of dyslexia typographic research.
Gross pericardial effusion with tamponade in 2nd trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Kudaiberdiev Talay , Imanalieva Gulzad , Usupbaeva Gulbarchin , Kalieva Rahat , Tukusheva Elmira 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy is associated with serious maternal and fetal risk. Rarely, it is manifested by life-threatening cardiac complications, such as gross pericardial effusion and tamponade. We present a case of successfully treated gross pericardial effusion and tamponade in a 22-week pregnant woman with hypothyroidism. The patient was treated by pericardial drainage with further treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine. During the follow-up pregnancy was uncomplicated without recurrence of pericardial effusion and successful delivery of full-term baby. We conclude that careful monitoring of thyroid functional tests and proper management should be performed in pregnant women with hypothyroidism to prevent cardiac complications of the disease, like pericardial effusion and tamponade.
Congenital heart disease and pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Olguntürk Rana , Tunaoğlu F.Sedef , Gökgöz Levent , Memiş Leyla , Kula Serdar 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A 13-year-old boy with atrial septal defect and tricuspid valve abnormality was reported. He had crepitan ralles and signs of heart failure. He was treated with digital, diuretic and antimicrobial therapies. After clinical improvement he underwent surgery. The atrial septal defect was closed, and ringplasty was applied to the tricuspid valve. After the operation, he could not be extubated because of respiratory failure. On the seventh day following the surgery, he developed pneumothorax and hyportension and died. Postmortem examination showed bilateral diffuse pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of this report is to emphasise the association of tuberculosis and congenital heart disease.
Modelling the Employment Structure in Public Companies for a Small Sample
Authors: Tarczyński Waldemar , Gazińska Mirosława 
Published: June 2009

Modelling the Employment Structure in Public Companies for a Small SampleThe analysis of employment structure is a very important issue in the companies and it is connected with many factors in the company and on the market. An interesting issue is whether labour efficiency affects economic and financial performance of the company and the whole market. In the case of any statistical regularities concerning this issue it is necessary to allow for the variables related to employment, e.g. in the analyses of listed companies. It is a particularly important matter in Poland where the ownership transformations and transition to market economy have resulted in major changes in employment in individual companies. The main goal of the paper is an analysis of the structure of companies by their group labour productivity in homogenous groups of listed companies, the so called megasectors, in relation to their economic and financial condition. The study refers to the period of 2000-2003 and includes 73 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Identity Processing Style and Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Berzonsky Michael , Kinney Andrew 
Published: June 2009

Identity Processing Style and Defense Mechanisms
To investigate relationships between identity processing styles and patterns of defense mechanisms, 213 participants (Mean age = 23.01 years) completed measures of defense-mechanism clusters and styles of negotiating (or managing to avoid) identity conflicts and threats (64% of the participants were female). A self-exploratory, informational identity style was associated with defense mechanisms that control anxiety and threats via internal cognitive maneuvers. In contrast, a diffuse-avoidant identity style was found to be related to maladaptive defensive maneuvers including turning against others and turning aggression inward against oneself, which is related to depressive reactions. A foreclosing, normative identity style was associated with defenses that limit awareness of threatening ideas and information by denial, distortion, and negation. None of these relationships was qualified by age or gender. The findings are discussed in terms of a process model of identity development that emphasizes social-cognitive differences in how individuals construct, maintain, and reconstruct their self-identity.
Personality Psychology: Current Status and Prospects For the Future
Authors: Pervin Lawrence 
Published: June 2009

Personality Psychology: Current Status and Prospects For the Future
I want to consider the current status and future of the field of personality psychology, often basing my observations on my own research and theoretical interests. Let me begin by summarizing what I have to say in terms of three points of emphasis: First, the field of personality can be viewed in terms of three disciplines—trait, social cognitive, and psychodynamic—each associated with its own empirical procedures and observations. That is, each is associated with its own form of personality data but all represent relevant data. Second, there is a need in the field for a dynamic systems perspective, one that emphasizes the interplay among the parts of the personality system in the course of the person's ongoing transactions with the physical and interpersonal environment. Third, in the future personality psychologists increasingly will have to integrate findings from biopsychology and neuroscience into their theories and research questions. This raises the question of how they can create bridges across levels of analysis and avoid the problem of reductionism. In other words, there is the issue of how personality psychologists will address the mind-body problem.
Editorial - On the Road to Adulthood
Authors: Gurba Ewa , Senejko Alicja 
Published: June 2009

Editorial - On the Road to Adulthood
Although the picture of adolescence G. Stanley Hall (1904) drew over a hundred years ago is no longer accepted, most contemporary researchers agree that the period between childhood and adulthood poses a serious challenge to the developing individual. The developmental achievements typical of this age, such as radical changes in appearance and behaviour, severe criticism of existing reality brought about by the recent acquisition of formal thinking, first intimate relations and sexual experiences and the various forms of social pressure connected with the new, age-related demands and expectations can often lead to emotional instability, disturbed parent-child relations and a propensity for risky behaviour (Arnett, 1997). These are the phenomena that accompany the struggle of a young person in the process of self-discovery and self-determination.