bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance:malignant ratio
Authors: Krane Jeffrey F. , VanderLaan Paul A. , Faquin William C. , Renshaw Andrew A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The Bethesda System (TBS) for reporting thyroid cytopathology introduced the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS) category, but did not provide adequate guidance for the appropriate use of this diagnosis. In the current study, the authors sought to identify an appropriate measure for AUS use based on experience to date with TBS.METHODS:The authors reviewed 8 series, including their own laboratory experiences, with a total of 30,466 thyroid aspirates classified within TBS.RESULTS:The median AUS rate was 9.9% with a range of 3.0% to 18.0%. Use of the individual diagnostic categories within TBS varied up to 12.7‐fold. The ratio of “suspicious for follicular neoplasm” plus “suspicious for malignancy” to “malignant” (M) diagnoses varied the least (1.8‐fold). The AUS:M ratio provided a suitable measure of assessing AUS use, with a median ratio of 2.0 and a range of 0.5 to 4.9.CONCLUSIONS:Based on available studies, an AUS:M ratio of 1.0 to 3.0 is recommended. AUS:M ratios > 3.0 are likely because of overdiagnosis of AUS or underdiagnosis of M. AUS:M ratios < 1.0 are mostly due to low AUS rates, at the likely expense of sensitivity. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Study on the Effects of Intermolecular Interactions on Firefly Multicolor Bioluminescence
Authors: Pinto da Silva Luís , Esteves da Silva Joaquim C. G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFirefly luciferase exhibits a color‐tuning mechanism based on pH‐induced changes in the structure of the active site. These changes increase the polarity of the active site, and thus modulate the intermolecular interactions between the light emitter and active site molecules. In this study, the effects exerted by adenosine monophosphate (AMP), water molecules, and amino acids of Luciola cruciata luciferase active site on the emission wavelength of oxyluciferin were assessed by TD‐DFT calculations. The redshift results mainly from decreased interaction of oxyluciferin with AMP and increased interaction of the emitter with a water molecule and Phe249. Breaking of a hydrogen bond between the benzothiazole oxygen atom with formation of a similar bond to the thiazolone oxygen atom is also instrumental.
Promising TiOSO4 Composite Polybenzimidazole‐Based Membranes for High Temperature PEMFCs
Authors: Lobato Justo , Cañizares Pablo , Rodrigo Manuel A. , Úbeda Diego , Pinar F. Javier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractComposite membranes were prepared from poly[2,2′‐(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] (polybenzimidazole: PBI), and titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4) with the aim of using these systems as electrolytes in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The presence of TiOSO4 was confirmed by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of titanium and sulphur revealed that the titanium salt was homogenously distributed on the surface of the membrane. The presence of the titanium salt did not change the thermal behaviour of the doped membranes. The composite membrane was used as an electrolyte in an actual fuel cell operating at 150 °C. The cell showed a lower performance than a cell operated with the standard PBI membrane, but this was attributable to the electrodes rather than the membrane. The most remarkable result was that the fuel cell operating with the composite membrane showed the best stability during the preliminary long‐term test because of the better acid retention capability of these titanium‐based materials.
Cell plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans: From induced to natural cell reprogramming
Authors: Hajduskova Martina , Ahier Arnaud , Daniele Thomas , Jarriault Sophie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAchieving controlled reprogramming of differentiated cells into a desired cell type would open new opportunities in stem‐cell biology and regenerative medicine. Experimentation on cell reprogramming requires a model in which cell conversion can be induced and tracked individually. The tiny nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, owing to its known cellular lineage, allows the study of direct cell type conversion with a single‐cell resolution. Indeed, recent advances have shown that despite its invariant cell lineage, cellular identities can be reprogrammed, leading to cell conversion in vivo. In addition, natural transdifferentiation events occur in the worm, providing a powerful model for the study of cellular plasticity in a physiological cellular microenvironment. Here, we review pioneer studies on induced and naturally occurring reprogramming events in C. elegans and the new notions that have emerged. genesis 50:1‐17, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic Studies on the Decomposition of Thiolatocobalamins in Acidic Solution
Authors: Schumacher Leslie A. , Mukherjee Riya , Brown Jeffrey M. , Subedi Harishchandra , Brasch Nicola E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThiolatocobalamins (RSCbls), or vitamin B12 derivatives with a thiolato ligand coordinated at the β‐axial site of the cobalamin, have been shown to have superior antioxidant properties relative to the currently available therapeutic forms of cobalamin. It has also recently been shown that small amounts of glutathionylcobalamin are isolable from mammalian cells in the presence of a ligand trap. Kinetic studies are now presented for four representative thiolatocobalamins of glutathione, N‐acetylcysteine, homocysteine, and captopril, which show that RSCbls spontaneously decompose to aquacobalamin (H2OCbl+) at pH < 3. A mechanism is proposed in which rapid protonation at the thiol sulfur of RSCbl precedes rate‐determining decomposition. These results indicate that protection of RSCbls from acidic environments such as that found in the stomach is essential if RSCbls are to remain intact.
Synthesis of (–)‐Oseltamivir by Using a Microreactor in the Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: Ishikawa Hayato , Bondzic Bojan P. , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA microflow reaction of the Curtius rearrangement by using trimethylsilyl azide as an azide source, followed by trapping of the generated isocyanate with a nucleophile was established, which is safe, inexpensive, and suitable for large‐scale synthesis. By this flow reaction in the Curtius rearrangement and recrystallization of the late‐stage acetamide intermediate the third‐generation synthesis of (–)‐Oseltamivir has been established, which is efficient, practical, and safe.
Synthetic Tripodal Squaramido‐Based Receptors for the Complexation of Antineoplastic Folates in Water
Authors: Quiñonero David , López Kenia A. , Deyà Pere M. , Piña M. Nieves , Morey Jeroni 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThree suitably oriented squaramido ammonium groups form the basis of the first abiotic receptor that employs the noncovalent ammonium–carboxylate electrostatic interaction and a hydrogen bond to achieve high‐affinity molecular recognition in water. These interacctions have been studied experimentally by isothermal calorimetry (ITC), NMR spectroscopy, and MS. Also, we have proposed a model for coordination from DFT calculations and NMR spectroscopy studies. Finally, a fluorimetric ensemble of the receptor with 5‐carboxyfluorescein was useful for the quantitative fluorimetric determination of folate and methotrexate in commercial samples using competition assays.
Diastereodivergent Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐2,3‐methanopipecolic Acid Derivatives as Conformationally Constrained Homoserine Analogues
Authors: Occhiato Ernesto G. , Casini Andrea , Guarna Antonio , Scarpi Dina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA short, practical procedure for the diastereodivergent synthesis of cyclopropanated 4‐hydroxypipecolic acid derivatives with high optical purity is reported. Key steps are the highly enantioselective lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution and the stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction of 4‐hydroxypyridine derivatives. Under the best conditions for OH‐directed cyclopropanation, Charette's Zn‐carbenoid provided cis‐4‐hydroxy‐2,3‐methanopipecolic acids in the highest yield (73–86 %) and facial selectivity (> 99:1). The trans selectivities in Michael‐type addition of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide were 1:4 to 1:7 in DMSO and diastereopure trans isomers were obtained by chromatography after OH‐deprotection in 57–73 % yield. These compounds are new, conformationally constrained homoserine analogues potentially useful as conformational probes and for drug discovery in medicinal chemistry.
Carbon Monoxide‐Free One‐Step Synthesis of Isoindole‐1,3‐diones by Cycloaminocarbonylation of o‐Haloarenes Using Formamides
Authors: Sawant Dinesh N. , Wagh Yogesh S. , Bhatte Kushal D. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new carbon monoxide‐free, solvent‐free, single step protocol for the synthesis of isoindole‐1,3‐diones from o‐haloarenes using palladium acetate and xantphos catalysis is reported. The wider applicability of this protocol for several types of o‐iodoarenes and a few o‐bromoarenes makes it attractive. Aryl iodides and aryl bromides provided moderate to excellent yields of up to 93 %.
Study of peptide–ligand interactions in open‐tubular capillary columns covalently modified with porphyrins
Authors: Yone Angel , Carballo Romina R. , Grela Denise A. , Rezzano Irene N. , Vizioli Nora M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe inner surface of fused silica capillaries has been covalently modified with different porphyrins (deuteroporphyrin, complexes of deuteroporphyrin with metal ions Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)–meso–tetra (carboxyphenyl) porphyrin) and it was applied for the separation of biologically active peptides by open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography. Separations were performed in a mobile phase composed of 25 mM potassium phosphate, pH 4.0, 5% v/v ACN and 10 mM hydroquinone. Changes in the effective electrophoretic mobility of peptides were studied concerning porphyrin central metal atom, attachment geometry, and the presence of coordinating or aromatic amino acid residues in the peptide sequence. The results showed that differences in metal core on the porphyrin and the spatial conformation of attached porphyrin result in changes in the analyte interaction with the stationary phase.
Low Doses of Bisphenol A Induce Gene Expression Related to Lipid Synthesis and Trigger Triglyceride Accumulation in Adult Mouse Liver
Authors: Marmugi Alice , Ducheix Simon , Lasserre Frédéric , Polizzi Arnaud , Paris Alain , Priymenko Nathalie , Bertrand-Michel Justine , Pineau Thierry , Guillou Hervé , Martin Pascal G.P. , Mselli-Lakhal Laïla 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Changes in lifestyle are suspected to have strongly influenced the current obesity epidemic. Based on recent experimental, clinical, and epidemiological work, it has been proposed that some food contaminants may exert damaging effects on endocrine and metabolic functions, thereby promoting obesity and associated metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this work, we investigated the effect of one suspicious food contaminant, bisphenol A (BPA),

in vivo

. We used a transcriptomic approach in male CD1 mice exposed for 28 days to different doses of BPA (0, 5, 50, 500, and 5,000 μg/kg/day) through food contamination. Data analysis revealed a specific impact of low doses of BPA on the hepatic transcriptome, more particularly on genes involved in lipid synthesis. Strikingly, the effect of BPA on the expression of

de novo

lipogenesis followed a nonmonotonic dose-response curve, with more important effects at lower doses than at the higher dose. In addition to lipogenic enzymes (Acc, Fasn, Scd1), the expression of transcription factors such as liver X Receptor, the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and the carbohydrate responsive element binding protein that govern the expression of lipogenic genes also followed a nonmonotonic dose-response curve in response to BPA. Consistent with an increased fatty acid biosynthesis, determination of fat in the liver showed an accumulation of cholesteryl esters and of triglycerides.

Conclusion :

Our work suggests that exposure to low BPA doses may influence

de novo

fatty acid synthesis through increased expression of lipogenic genes, thereby contributing to hepatic steatosis. Exposure to such contaminants should be carefully examined in the etiology of metabolic diseases such as NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (Hepatology 2012)
Skeletal unloading–induced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Nonresponsiveness is not shared by platelet-derived growth factor: The selective role of integrins in IGF-1 signaling
Authors: Long Roger K , Nishida Shigeki , Kubota Takuo , Wang Yongmei , Sakata Takeshi , Elalieh Hashem Z , Halloran Bernard P , Bikle Daniel D 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Integrin receptors bind extracellular matrix proteins, and this link between the cell membrane and the surrounding matrix may translate skeletal loading to biologic activity in osteoprogenitor cells. The interaction between integrin and growth factor receptors allows for mechanically induced regulation of growth factor signaling. Skeletal unloading leads to decreased bone formation and osteoblast proliferation that can be explained in part by a failure of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to activate its signaling pathways in unloaded bone. The aim of this study is to determine whether unloading-induced resistance is specific for IGF-1 or common to other skeletal growth factors, and to examine the regulatory role of integrins in IGF-1 signaling. Bone marrow osteoprogenitor (BMOp) cells were isolated from control or hindlimb suspended rats. Unloaded BMOp cells treated with IGF-1 failed to respond with increased proliferation, receptor phosphorylation, or signaling activation in the setting of intact ligand binding, whereas the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) response was fully intact. Pretreatment of control BMOp cells with an integrin inhibitor, echistatin, failed to disrupt PDGF signaling but blocked IGF-1 signaling. Recovery of IGF-1 signaling in unloaded BMOp cells followed the recovery of marked reduction in integrin expression induced by skeletal unloading. Selective targeting of integrin subunits with siRNA oligonucleotides revealed that integrin β1 and β3 are required for normal IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation. We conclude that integrins, in particular integrin β3, are regulators of IGF-1, but not PDGF, signaling in osteoblasts, suggesting that PDGF could be considered for investigation in prevention and/or treatment of bone loss during immobilization and other forms of skeletal unloading. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Interferon‐γ stimulates p11‐dependent surface expression of annexin A2 in lung epithelial cells to enhance phagocytosis
Authors: Fang Yi‐Ting , Lin Chiou‐Feng , Wang Chi‐Yun , Anderson Robert , Lin Yee‐Shin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnnexin A2 (p36) is usually present together with its natural ligand p11 as a heterotetramer complex, which has multiple biological functions depending on its cellular localization. However, the detailed mechanism of annexin A2 translocation and its physiological role in inflammation remain unclear. Here, we show that IFN‐γ stimulation enhances surface translocation of annexin A2 on lung epithelial cells. While total annexin A2 protein remains unchanged, the expression of p11 is upregulated via the IFN‐γ‐activated JAK2/STAT1 signal pathway. Notably, IFN‐γ‐induced p11 expression is required for annexin A2 translocation to the cell surface. Since annexin A2 lacks a signal peptide for surface translocation by the classical endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi route, its mode of trafficking remains unclear. We observed that p11‐dependent surface translocation of annexin A2 is associated with the exosomal secretion pathway. The IFN‐γ‐induced increase of annexin A2 in the exosomes is blocked in p11‐silenced cells. Furthermore, IFN‐γ‐induced surface expression of annexin A2 mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by lung epithelial cells. These findings provide insights into the surface translocation mechanism of annexin A2 and illustrate a pivotal function of surface annexin A2 in the phagocytic response to IFN‐γ. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2775–2787, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of biomass adsorption on the removal of selected pharmaceutical compounds in an immersed membrane bioreactor system
Authors: Dialynas Emmanuel , Diamadopoulos Evan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The performance of a pilot membrane bioreactor system (MBR) was tested for the treatment of municipal wastewater, with emphasis on the capability for removal of selected pharmaceuticalsRESULTS: The MBR showed excellent performance with regards to conventional pollutants. However, the removal of specific pharmaceuticals was not as high. Carbamazepine and 17 α‐ethinyl estradiol showed the lowest removal, with mean removal rates of around 20%. Clofibric acid showed the highest removal 70%, while for 17β‐estradiol the mean removal was 40%. In order to distinguish between the two basic mechanisms of removal, adsorption on biomass and biodegradation, adsorption studies on inactivated biomass were performed and mass balances were written for the four pharmaceuticals. The immediate removal observed for the three compounds during short hydraulic retention times may have been primarily due to adsorption.CONCLUSIONS: The removal of carbamazepine, 17β‐estradiol and 17α‐ethynil estradiol, as well as half of the removal of chlofibric acid could be attributed to direct adsorption on biomass within the hydraulic residence time of the reactor. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of struvite seed crystal on MAP crystallization
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Zhao Qingliang , Wei Liangliang , Wu Deli , Ma Luming 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: There has been considerable controversy over the effect of seed crystal additions on crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrates (MAP). In this study, batch experiments were carried out to verify this effect using synthetic solutions.RESULTS: Addition of seed crystals could increase the rate of MAP crystallization and significantly shorten the reaction crystallization time, especially for solutions with a lower supersaturation ratio (Ω). Crystallization time of MAP with and without seed addition can be expressed by two different formulas, in which the crystallization with feed addition followed an exponential function, and the secondary formula fitted a two‐order power function. When 0.422 g L−1 of seed crystals was added the equilibration time for crystallization calculated by the formula was reduced by 75 min for low supersaturation ratio solution and 26 min for medium supersaturation ratio solution.CONCLUSION: To increase the MAP reaction rate and to shorten induction and equilibration times, seed crystal addition should be practiced Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential use of wine yeasts immobilized on Penicillium chrysogenum for ethanol production
Authors: García‐Martínez Teresa , Puig‐Pujol Anna , Peinado Rafael A. , Moreno Juan , Mauricio Juan C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Six different wine yeast strains (G1, X4, X5, P29, QA23, Uvaferm BC) were co‐immobilized in a natural, spontaneous way with Penicillium chrysogenum under special conditions without the need for an external support or chemical binder and provided six different ‘yeast biocapsules’. The purpose was to characterize and evaluate the biocapsules obtained in terms of yeast cell viability, ethanol production and reusability to assess their suitability for ethanol production and the development of industrially competitive alternative wine and beer production methods.RESULTS: Biocapsule size was found to decrease and quantity to increase with increasing shaking rate during the immobilization process. The fermentations were realized in YPD medium containing 18% (w/v) glucose with repeated fermentations reaching 10% (v/v) ethanol. X4 and Uvaferm BC biocapsules afforded at least seven uses with no significant decrease in ethanol production; P29 and QA23 biocapsules five times; and G1 and X5 three times each. Seemingly, ethanol production was directly related to the viability of yeast cells in the immobilizate under defined assay conditions.CONCLUSIONS: X4 and Uvaferm BC may be the most suitable yeast strains for autoimmobilization on P. chrysogenum with a view to their use in alcoholic fermentation processes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Insight of EDX analysis and EFTEM: Are spherocrystals located in strombidae digestive gland implied in detoxification of trace metals?
Authors: Volland Jean‐Marie , Lechaire Jean‐Pierre , Frebourg Ghislaine , Aldana Aranda Dalila , Ramdine Gaëlle , Gros Olivier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDigestive tubules of Strombidae are composed by three cell types: digestive cells, vacuolated cells, and crypt cells. The last one is characterized by the presence of intracellular granules identified as spherocrystals. Such structures are known to occur in basophilic cells of gastropod digestive gland, where they are supposed to be involved in the regulation of some minerals and in detoxification. In this study, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) were used to determine the elemental content of spherocrystals in two Strombidae, Strombus gigas and Strombus pugilis. In freshly collected individuals of both species, the following elements were detected: Ca, Fe, Mg, P, and Zn. Aluminum and Mn were also detected in S. gigas. Their presence in spherocrystals indicates that, in Strombidae, spherocrystals are involved in the regulation of minerals and essential trace metals. In order to answer the question “are spherocrystals involved in nonessential trace metals scavenging?,” artificial cadmium and lead exposure by both waterborne and dietary pathways was applied to S. pugilis. No evidence of cadmium (Cd(NO3)2) or lead (Pb(NO3)2) provided by food was found in spherocrystals. Cadmium provided in water (Cd(NO3)2 and CdCl2) causes structural modifications of the digestive gland; however, this element was not trapped in spherocrystals. These results suggest that spherocrystals are not involved in detoxification of such nonessential trace metals. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Brazilian green propolis throughout the seasons by headspace GC/MS and ESI‐MS
Authors: Nunes Cleiton A , Guerreiro Mário C 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: A screening of the chemical composition of eight commercial classes of raw Brazilian green propolis throughout the seasons was carried out. A multivariate exploratory analysis of chemical composition obtained by gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry with headspace extraction (HS‐GC/MS), and by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI‐MS) was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA).RESULTS: Differences in the volatile and polyphenolic profiles of propolis samples were verified during the seasons. Within each season, the high quality commercial classes of propolis presented similar characteristics, while the low quality classes presented distinct compositions. In spring and summer, propolis of the trimming class, commonly considered of low quality by beekeepers, presented a composition similar to the superior quality propolis.CONCLUSION: Seasonality influences the chemical composition of the commercial classes of raw Brazilian green propolis. Headspace‐GC/MS and ESI‐MS assisted by PCA are effective to characterize volatile and non‐volatile compounds of the propolis samples, and to correlate it to the seasons. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry