bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge à l'époque de la première
Conférence de La Haye (1899)
Authors: Durand André 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The then-President of the ICRC, Gustave Moynier, welcomed the initiative
taken by Czar Nicholas II to convene a conference to discuss a large number
of proposals to ensure peace in Europe. This conference became to be known
as the (First) International Peace Conference (The Hague, 1899). While
Moynier did not expect very much from a debate on “abolishing war
altogether”, he expected the Conference to bolster the work started in
Geneva in 1864, in particular by adopting an extension to maritime warfare
of the 1864 Convention. He nevertheless did everything possible to prevent
the Hague Conference from taking upon itself an amendment of the 1864
Convention, which he considered to be a matter for a special meeting to be
held under the aegis of “Geneva”. In the end, the Conference was unable to
make substantial progress on the issues which it considered to be most
important, in particular disarmament. It did, however, adopt an initial
version of what was to become, in 1907, the Hague Regulations on land
warfare, as well as the suggested text on maritime warfare. The ICRC was not
represented at the Conference, as for reasons of poor health Gustave Moynier
was unable to attend. Édouard Odier, another member of the ICRC, did take
part in the Conference, but as a member of the Swiss delegation.
Les projets genevois de révision de la Convention de Genève du 22 août
1864 (1868–1898)
Authors: Harouel Véronique 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Only three years after the 1864 Convention — historically the “first”
Geneva Convention — was adopted, proposals were made to amend the text by
introducing provisions on the National Red Cross Societies. However, the
result of this procedure — the 1868 Additional Articles — was never ratified
by any of the parties to the original treaty. In the years that followed, no
less than five proposals were circulated by the ICRC, none of which led to
new treaty provisions until, in 1906, the States adopted a new Convention to
replace the original 1864 treaty. Although the proposed texts originated in
Geneva — drafted by General Dufour and Gustave Moynier — the ICRC remained
sceptical about the wisdom of amending the original Convention. The fear of
losing what had been gained in 1864 was stronger than the expectation that
new progress would be made in protecting war victims. In an annex to this
article the various drafts are published for the first time.
The Successful Stuttering Management Program: A Preliminary Report on Outcomes
Authors: Tsiamtsiouris Jim , Krieger Kim 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adults who stutter will exhibit significant improvements after attending a residential, 3-week intensive program that focuses on avoidance reduction and stuttering modification therapy. Preliminary analyses focused on four measures: (a) SSI-3, (b) speech rate, (c) S-24 Scale, and (d) OASES. Results indicated significant improvements on all of the measures.
A Checklist for Assessing Graduate Student Competencies in the Area of Fluency
Authors: Gottwald Sheryl , Amster Barbara , LaSalle Lisa 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

This competencies checklist is suggested as a resource for instructing and evaluating graduate student clinicians in the assessment and treatment of stuttering. It was adapted for use with graduate student clinicians from the existing Guidelines for Practice in Stuttering Treatment. Please consult
http://www.asha.org/docs/html/GL1995-00048.htm1#sec1.4
for the extended list of competencies contained in the Guidelines.
On the Road with the Loteria: The Evolution of a Motor Vehicle Safety Social Marketing Program for Latino Farm Workers
Authors: Grieshop James , Grajales-Hall Myriam , Bates Cynthia , Stiles Martha , Ortiz Lupe 
Published: April 2010

In social marketing, the 4 P's of product, price, place, and promotion are commonly accepted dogma (Andreasen, 1995:15). Their application to the development of effective social marketing interventions, in turn, must be supported by market and audience research, a challenging and often difficult task. On the surface, the specification of these elements may suggest that their application leads down a straight road to desired outcomes. In the real world, the development process usually moves along a much more winding road. The Maneje Seguro! (Drive Safely!) program, initiated in 1994, illustrates the winding evolution and development of one social marketing effort in California. This program was initiated with aspirations of becoming a social marketing program that would use good market analysis along with attention to the 4 P's. The three-year history of this program began with a narrowly focused outreach effort (Phase I), followed by a community education program (Phase II) and most recently has led to the current but nascent social marketing form (Phase III). Its evolution illustrates the roles research played in the transformation, along with the importance of participation and partnerships. This paper details the role of this participation and partnerships, as well as the standard 4 P's and the market research that have facilitated the three phases of development of this social marketing intervention, which is targeted at Spanish-speaking farm workers and their driving practices. As the program developed, on-going market research efforts drove the transformations from one phase to the next. In each phase, a transformation of product, price, place and promotion occurred. The other P's — participation and partnerships — also proved critical in the evolution of the Maneje Seguro! program. Community participation and partnerships were critical to the market, audience, and product development research. Similarly, participation and partnerships contributed to the development of price, place, and promotion activities. Without them, the Maneje Seguro! social marketing program could not have been developed. Partnerships were crucial to the implementation and success of various promotion activities, most importantly in two mass media campaigns. Moreover, partnerships and participation permitted a more rapid transformation from a community education program to a social marketing program.
Using Social Marketing as a Theoretical Framework to Understand Citizen Participation in Health Promotion
Authors: Higgins Joan Wharf , Vertinsky Patricia , Cutt James , Green Lawrence W. 
Published: April 2010

The concept of broad-based public participation is a fundamental element of health promotion and citizenship. There is a gap, however, between the promise and reality of citizen participation in health promotion. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the utility of social marketing concepts in analyzing and better understanding the complexities of citizen participation. The data are drawn from a study on citizen participation during a recent health reform policy designed to foster health promotion in British Columbia, Canada. A social marketing framework was used to interpret the data and make sense of citizen participation in a post-hoc analysis, particularly using the concepts of understanding the consumer perspective, exchange, marketing mix and segmentation. The results contradict the frequent criticism in health promotion that social marketing tends to ignore the broader context of individual behavior. This paper argues that social marketing yielded new insights into understanding the societal circumstances that inhibited or fostered citizen participation and offers a discussion of the potential of social marketing as a tool for furthering citizen participation in health promotion planning.
Social Alliances: Company/Nonprofit Collaboration
Authors: Lagarde François , Berger Ida E. , Cunningham Peggy H. , Drumwright Minette E. 
Published: April 2010

During the past four years, Avon's 450,000 U.S. sales representatives have raised $22 million to provide access to breast cancer screening and education. The representatives often incorporate breast cancer awareness into their conversations with clients and provide related literature. The National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations and the YWCA. are Avon's partners in this effort. American Express and Share Our Strength, an anti-hunger organization, have joined forces on multiple endeavors since 1991. Among them are Taste of the Nation, an annual nationwide series of fundraising events, now in its seventh year, supported by thousands of volunteer restaurateurs and chefs and Charge Against: Hunger, a national cause-related marketing campaign that ran for three years.
Making Money Saving Lives: Social Marketing Spurs the Private Sector Overseas
Authors: Harvey Philip D. 
Published: April 2010

Social marketing programs that market and distribute subsidized contraceptives in developing countries do not make money, nor are they intended to. Indeed, attempts to make them profitable have generally undermined the effectiveness of such programs, particularly in very poor countries (Harvey, 1999, pp. 213-225). The purpose of such programs is to make contraceptives available to even the lowest-income people in developing country markets and, as such, subsidization of overall project activities will always be required. Indeed, contraceptive services, along with health services in general, are subsidized for low-income people in industrialized countries, leading one expert to suggest that it is “patently absurd” to withdraw contraceptive subsidies “for people who struggle to survive on a dollar a day” (The Lancet Eds., 1990, p. 659). However, there are numerous parties involved in contraceptive social marketing (CSM) projects in the countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin American that do make money from their role in social marketing, and these businesses and entrepreneurs benefit significantly from the parts they play. Such private businesses include, most prominently, advertising agencies, product distribution firms, market research firms, and ancillary businesses like vehicle manufacturers and importers, makers of promotional paraphernalia - from calendars to pens to T-shirts, and others.
Identity Building in Social Marketing
Authors: Engelberg Moshe , Kirby Susan D. 
Published: April 2010

The corporate community has long been engaged in the process of identity building. Now, many social organizations recognize that identity building can be used to develop and promote programs, tactics, strategies and organizational missions. Identity building can help strengthen support for social organizations, improve effectiveness and use of programs by target audiences, help organizations determine the most unique and valuable benefits they can offer their stakeholders, and provide guidance for delivering those benefits. The research and development required for effective identity building is often summarized in an identity strategy, or platform, much like a marketing plan. This article is intended to help social marketers: 1) articulate how a strong identity can help organizations stand out in a competitive marketplace; 2) understand the key concepts of identity building within a social marketing context; 3) explain the elements that constitute an identity platform; and 4) describe the critical steps to develop an effective identity platform.
Clarifying Trade Costs: Maritime Transport and Its Effect on Agricultural Trade
Authors: Korinek Jane , Sourdin Patricia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGreater attention has been given to trade costs in both the empirical trade literature and in theoretical models of international trade in recent years, with interest increasingly being directed towards the role of nonpolicy barriers such as transport costs. However, if distance is a proxy for transport and other trade costs, then the true effect of transport costs is impossible to determine. We attempt to remedy this by utilizing the newly compiled Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Maritime Transport Cost database to investigate the role that maritime freight costs play in determining ocean‐shipped agricultural imports. We find that transport costs robustly and significantly negatively impact agricultural imports, even after controlling for shipping distance.
Studies of a Biochemical Factory: Tomato Trichome Deep Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing and Proteomics
Authors: Schilmiller Anthony L. , Miner Dennis P. , Larson Matthew , McDowell Eric , Gang David R. , Wilkerson Curtis , Last Robert L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Shotgun proteomics analysis allows hundreds of proteins to be identified and quantified from a single sample at relatively low cost. Extensive DNA sequence information is a prerequisite for shotgun proteomics, and it is ideal to have sequence for the organism being studied rather than from related species or accessions. While this requirement has limited the set of organisms that are candidates for this approach, next generation sequencing technologies make it feasible to obtain deep DNA sequence coverage from any organism. As part of our studies of specialized (secondary) metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) trichomes, 454 sequencing of cDNA was combined with shotgun proteomics analyses to obtain in-depth profiles of genes and proteins expressed in leaf and stem glandular trichomes of 3-week-old plants. The expressed sequence tag and proteomics data sets combined with metabolite analysis led to the discovery and characterization of a sesquiterpene synthase that produces β-caryophyllene and α-humulene from E,E-farnesyl diphosphate in trichomes of leaf but not of stem. This analysis demonstrates the utility of combining high-throughput cDNA sequencing with proteomics experiments in a target tissue. These data can be used for dissection of other biochemical processes in these specialized epidermal cells.
Hyperkeratotic variant of porokeratosis Mibelli with dermal amyloid deposits
Authors: UENISHI Toshiaki , TERAMURA Kazuya , KITAMURA Masato , FUJII Norikazu , NAKANISHI Gen , TANAKA Toshihiro , UEHARA Masami 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report a case of hyperkeratotic variant of porokeratosis Mibelli with dermal amyloid deposits. A 66‐year‐old man presented with multiple brownish keratotic lesions on the lower extremities, a verrucous nodule on the third toe of the left foot and brownish verrucous plaques on the buttocks for several years. Histopathological examination of the hyperkeratotic plaque in the right gluteal region revealed extreme hyperkeratosis and cornoid lamella. In the papillary dermis, there were prominent eosinophilic amorphous materials which were positive to Dylon staining. Treatment with oral etretinate resulted in a remission of the skin lesions in this case.
Sarcoidosis during infliximab therapy for Crohn’s disease
Authors: TAKAHASHI Hidetoshi , KANETA Kazuhiro , HONMA Masaru , ISHIDA‐YAMAMOTO Akemi , ASHIDA Tomonori , KOHGO Yutaka , OHSAKI Yoshinobu , IIZUKA Hajime 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) antagonists are effective for inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis. Although TNF‐α antagonists are also useful for sarcoidosis, paradoxical occurrence of sarcoidosis or sarcoidal reaction may be observed. We report a Crohn’s disease patient, who developed sarcoidosis during infliximab therapy. A 35‐year‐old man had been receiving infliximab for 7 months for Crohn’s disease. He developed cough and fever, accompanied by an infiltrated erythematous plaque on his right knee. The chest radiography, skin biopsy and laboratory findings were all consistent with sarcoidosis.
Three cases of embolia cutis medicamentosa (Nicolau’s syndrome)
Authors: MARANGI Giovanni Francesco , GIGLIOFIORITO Pierluigi , TOTO Vito , LANGELLA Marika , PALLARA Tiziano , PERSICHETTI Paolo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEmbolia cutis medicamentosa, also known as Nicolau’s syndrome, is a rare complication due to i.m. injections. Its real incidence is actually underestimated. Many drugs have been associated with it, but at the time only a few studies showed a related pathogenetic mechanism. Symptoms consist of immediate local pain, edema and cutaneous, subcutaneous and even muscular necrosis occurring in the first 48 h. The type of treatment depends mostly on time of diagnosis. A medical resolution can be achieved through heparin and cortisone injections within the first 48 h. Surgical debridement has to be considered as the main treatment in case of late diagnosis. We present three cases of Nicolau’s syndrome presenting to us in a short period of time that we treated with surgical debridement.
Clinical trial: esomeprazole for moderate‐to‐severe nighttime heartburn and gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐related sleep disturbances
Authors: Johnson D. , Crawley J. A. , Hwang C. , Brown K. 
Published: April 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 182–190SummaryBackground  Nighttime heartburn, common among patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is associated with substantial clinical effects. GERD‐related sleep disturbances are underappreciated and undertreated.Aim  To evaluate the efficacy of esomeprazole on GERD‐related nighttime heartburn and associated sleep disturbances.Methods  In this multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, patients with moderate‐to‐severe nighttime heartburn and GERD‐related sleep disturbances (endoscopies not required) received esomeprazole 20 mg or placebo each morning for 4 weeks. Heartburn symptoms and GERD‐related sleep disturbances were evaluated using the validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and validated Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire.Results  The analysis included 262 patients (esomeprazole, n = 137; placebo, n = 125). Significantly more patients receiving esomeprazole achieved nighttime heartburn relief (primary end point) than those receiving placebo (34.3% vs. 10.4%; P < 0.0001). Secondary end points such as relief of GERD‐related sleep disturbances (P = 0.006), days without GERD‐related sleep disturbances (P = 0.0003) and complete resolution of sleep disturbances (P < 0.0001) favoured esomeprazole over placebo. Sleep quality, work productivity and regular daily activities also improved significantly with esomeprazole vs. placebo.Conclusions  Esomeprazole 20 mg is effective for patients with moderate‐to‐severe nighttime heartburn and GERD‐related sleep disturbances, improving heartburn symptoms, sleep quality, work productivity and functionality.
Prevalence of potentially hazardous drug interactions amongst Australian veterans
Authors: Roughead Elizabeth E. , Kalisch Lisa M. , Barratt John D. , Gilbert Andrew L. 
Published: April 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Up to 21% of adverse drug event related hospital admissions are due to drug interactions. Clinical significance of drug interactions varies.• Studies which only identified drug interactions of potentially major clinical significance found lower prevalence, of between 2 and 16%.• Prevalence of drug interactions defined ‘potentially hazardous’ has had limited study, with no publications identified for the Australian population. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • In the study population of 287 074, 1.5% of subjects were dispensed potentially hazardous interacting drug pairs.• However, limited to populations on specific medicines, it was found that for patients dispensed verapamil, methotrexate, amiodarone, lithium, warfarin, cyclosporin and itraconazole, potentially hazardous interactions occurred at a rate greater than 5%.• These patients should be the focus of medication review programmes to avoid potentially serious adverse drug events.BACKGROUNDUp to 21% of adverse drug event‐related hospital admissions are due to drug interactions. Clinical significance of drug interactions varies, and drug interactions defined ‘potentially hazardous’ are more likely to contribute to morbidity and mortality.AIMThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of potentially hazardous drug interactions in an elderly Australian veteran population.METHODSThis study assessed the prevalence of potentially hazardous drug interactions, where hazardous was defined in three or more international drug interaction references, using Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme pharmacy claims data. Analysis was limited to patients who received regular concurrent dispensings of potentially hazardous interacting medicines.RESULTSOf the 287 074 subjects included in the study, 1.5% were dispensed potentially hazardous interacting drug pairs. For patients dispensed cyclosporin, concomitant use of a statin was common (47%); as was statin use with those dispensed itraconazole (31%). Of those dispensed methotrexate, 24% also received a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; of those on lithium, 18% also received an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin 2 receptor blocker; of those on warfarin, 7.2% and 5.9% were co‐dispensed an non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs or antiplatelets respectively; for those on verapamil, 5.3% were co‐dispensed a beta‐blocker, while for those on amiodarone 6.2% were co‐dispensed digoxin.CONCLUSIONSOverall prevalence of potentially serious drug interactions appears to be low in the Australian veteran population. However, patients taking cyclosporine, itraconazole, methotrexate, lithium, warfarin, verapamil and amiodarone appear to be most at risk and their medicine use should be regularly reviewed to prevent potentially hazardous drug interactions.