bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2010 rockfall event in Stein an der Traun – causes and triggers / Das Felssturzereignis in Stein an der Traun 2010 – Ursachen und Auslöser
Authors: Thuro Kurosch , Bundschuh Moritz 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOn January 25th 2010 at about 8 p.m. a block of 432 m3 volume and 1, 026 t weight was released from a conglomerate face, apparently without warning, destroying a family home in the village of Stein on the river Traun. Only two of the four inhabitants could be saved out of the debris. After this event, the question arose whether the rockfall could have been foreseen or if such spontaneous incidents are abrupt and unpredictable. This paper presents the studies conducted to reconstruct the processes leading to the event. The investigations included field mapping, geodetic survey, laser scanning and stereographic photogrammetry of the rupture face, mineralogical analysis of sinter crust thin sections, inventory of the block dimensions and reconstruction of the collapse kinematics, analysis of the weather data prior to the event and a 2D finite element calculation (Phase2) using the geometry of the overhanging conglomerate strata.Am 25. Januar 2010 löste sich aus einer Nagelfluh‐Felswand in der Ortschaft Stein an der Traun scheinbar ohne Vorwarnung um etwa 20 Uhr ein 432 m3 großer und 1.026 t schwerer Felsblock und zerstörte dabei ein Wohnhaus. Lediglich zwei der vier Bewohner konnten aus den Felssturzmassen gerettet werden. Nach diesem Ereignis stellte sich die Frage, ob der Felssturz hätte vorhergesehen werden können oder ob Felssturzereignisse dieser Art unvermittelt auftreten und unvorhersehbar sind. In diesem Beitrag werden die durchgeführten Untersuchungen vorgestellt, mit welchen die Prozesse geklärt wurden, die zu diesem Felssturz geführt haben. Diese Untersuchungen umfassten eine ingenieurgeologische Kartierung, eine umfangreiche geodätische Vermessung, ein Laserscanning und die stereographisch‐photogrammetrische Aufnahme der Abrisswand, mineralogische Untersuchungen an Dünnschliffen von Sinterkrusten, die Ermittlung von Masse und Kubatur der Sturzblöcke, die Rekonstruktion des Sturzmechanismus, die Analyse der Wetterdaten im Vorfeld des Sturzereignisses sowie eine 2D Finite Elemente Modellierung (mit Phase2) bei der die Geometrie der überhängenden Konglomeratwand berücksichtigt wurde.
Evacuation or protection? Risk analysis as a tool for decision making in the case of a residential building endangered by rockfall / Aussiedlung oder Schutz? Die Risikoanalyse als Entscheidungsgrundlage im Fall eines durch Steinschlag bedrohten Wohnhauses
Authors: Sausgruber Johann Thomas , Mölk Michael , Schreiner Ivo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn April 2011, a 2 m3 block fell out of a steep rock face in Wipptal, Tyrol, Austria and fell onto a detached house. No one was injured as the house was empty at the time. In a similar event in the 1980s, the garage of a neighbouring house was hit. An initial report found a high danger potential to the house. The house was then evacuated and the inhabitants considered moving out. Regarding the feasibility and possibility of financing protection measures, and as an aid to deciding whether to move out, there is a need for a decision‐making basis for the victims and the authorities, and this should be as objective as possible. For this purpose, a risk analysis was carried out including the consideration of engineering‐geological, geotechnical and forestry methods.The result of the risk analysis stated a collective personal risk expressed as annual risk of death of 7.2·10–4 without protection measures and 4.8·10–6 with protection measures. For the 0.5 km long access road to the house, there was a collective personal risk of 2.3·10–8 without protection measures. The cost of the protection measures was estimated at approx. 130,000 €, and for moving out of the house 450,000 €.Im April des Jahres 2011 löste sich im Wipptal, Tirol, Österreich ein 2 m3 großer Block aus einem felsigen Steilhang und traf auf ein Einfamilienhaus. Verletzt wurde niemand, da zum Zeitpunkt des Ereignisses keine Personen anwesend waren. Bei einem ähnlich großen Ereignis in den 1980er‐Jahren war die Garage eines Nebengebäudes betroffen. In einem ersten Gutachten wurde für das Wohnhaus ein hohes Gefährdungspotenzial festgestellt. Das Haus wurde daraufhin evakuiert und eine Aussiedelung in Erwägung gezogen. Im Hinblick auf die Machbarkeit und Finanzierbarkeit von Schutzmaßnahmen sowie letztendlich zur Entscheidungsfindung der in Aussicht gestellten Aussiedelung bedurfte es einer möglichst objektiven Entscheidungsgrundlage für Betroffene und die öffentliche Hand. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Risikoanalyse, bei der ingenieurgeologische, geotechnische und forstliche Methoden zur Anwendung kamen, durchgeführt.Als Ergebnis der Risikoanalyse ergab sich ein kollektives Personenrisiko ausgedrückt als jährliches Todesfallrisiko von 7,2·10–4 ohne Schutzmaßnahmen und 4,8·10–6 mit Schutzmaßnahmen. Für die 0,5 km lange Zufahrtsstraße zum Haus ergab sich ein kollektives Personenrisiko von 2,3·10–8 ohne Schutzmaßnahmen. Als Kosten für die Schutzmaßnahmen wurden ca. 130.000 €, für die Aussiedlung ca. 450.000 € ermittelt.
Evidence and decision making: tobacco control policy and legislation in Vietnam
Authors: Higashi Hideki , Khuong Tuan A. , Ngo Anh D. , Hill Peter S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe Ministry of Health (MOH) in Vietnam is currently drafting the Tobacco Harm Prevention Law. The government requested the MOH to provide evidence on the strategies proposed in the draft law as part of its submission to the National Assembly. This study examines the availability and strength of evidence and its relationship to policy stakeholders' positions towards policy instruments proposed in the law.Several qualitative methods were employed including documentary analysis, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and a key stakeholders' survey.Contradictory findings were identified over the role of evidence. While there is high demand for local evidence, the availability and strength of evidence are not always aligned with stakeholders' positions with respect to different strategies. Stakeholders' positions are shaped by competing interests on the basis of their perceptions of the socioeconomic implications and health consequences of tobacco control. Claims of limited availability of evidence are often used to justify the maintenance of the status quo, a position that is seen to protect the state‐owned tobacco industry and state revenue. Local evidence of the impact of tobacco on population health is argued to be ‘one‐sided’ and evidence of selected interventions discounted.Compelling and comprehensive local evidence, including those addressing economic concerns, is acutely needed in order to proceed with the current legislation process. For evidence to play a critical role, it needs to engage those ministries responsible for the tobacco industry itself and the economic development. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of cannabis enhances attentional inhibition
Authors: Vivas Ana B. , Estevez Angeles F. , Moreno Margarita , Panagis George , Flores Pilar 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveOrienting attention to an irrelevant location hampers the response to subsequent targets presented at that location in relation to novel, not previously attended, locations. This inhibitory effect has been named inhibition of return. We conducted an experiment to study the temporal course of inhibition of return in users of cannabis.MethodTwenty‐five cannabis users who self‐reported a regular frequency of cannabis use in joints per month, and 26 drug‐free controls participated in the study. We employed a typical inhibition of return task with a single cue and manipulated the time interval between the onset of the cue and the target (150, 350, 550, 1500, and 2550 ms). Participants were asked to detect the onset of the target regardless of its location.ResultsThe group of cannabis users showed a significantly greater overall inhibition relative to the group of nonusers. Furthermore, inhibition of return appeared earlier (at the 350 ms cue–target interval) in the user group.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that attentional inhibition is enhanced in cannabis users. More research is needed to determine whether greater inhibition represents an advantage or disadvantage for visual search performance of cannabis users. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial aggregation of malignant mesothelioma in former workers and residents of Wittenoom, Western Australia
Authors: de Klerk Nicholas , Alfonso Helman , Olsen Nola , Reid Alison , Sleith Jan , Palmer Lyle , Berry Geoffrey , Musk AW (Bill) 
Published: August 2012

AbstractClustering of cases of malignant mesothelioma within families has often been observed, but disentangling genetic and exposure effects has not been done. Former workers and residents exposed to crocidolite at Wittenoom, Western Australia, where many families shared exposure to asbestos, have had high rates of mesothelioma. Our study aimed to estimate the additional risk of mesothelioma in relatives, after allowance for common exposure to crocidolite. More than 11,000 former asbestos workers and residents from Wittenoom have been followed up in cancer and death registries. Levels of exposure for all members of the Wittenoom cohorts have been estimated previously. Relationships between family members of all mesothelioma cases were established from questionnaires, birth and death certificates. Expected numbers of cases of mesothelioma were estimated by fitting a Weibull survival model to all data, based on time from first asbestos exposure, duration and intensity of exposure and age. For each family group, the earliest case was considered the index case. Predicted risk was estimated for each subject from the time of diagnosis of the index case. Familial risk ratios were estimated by dividing observed cases by the sum of risks of all same degree relatives of index cases. There were 369 family groups with at least one case of mesothelioma and a further 25 cases of mesothelioma among relatives in the same families, with 12.9 expected. The risk ratio for blood relatives was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–2.9, p = 0.002). These findings suggest an important, but not large, genetic component in mesothelioma, similar to many other cancers.
Determining gene moderation of environmental risk factors for a mental disorder: a “perfect storm” of methodological problems
Authors: Kraemer Helena Chmura 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor most of the twentieth century, the focus was on “nature” versus “nurture”, i.e. genetic versus environmental effects on disorders. Now it is increasingly recognized that a disorder may reflect genes and environments “working together”. A gene may moderate an environmental risk factor, it may be mediated by an environmental risk factor. The environmental risk factor may be proxy to the gene, and the two may be independent risk factors. Which of these situations pertain influences both subsequent research and clinical and policy decision‐making. However, recent meta‐analyses attempting to confirm the Caspi et al. (Science, 301, 386–389, 2003) hypothesis indicate that the methodological issues relating to establishing specifically a moderating effect of a gene on an environmental factor are not well understood. The discussion here concerns the definition of “moderator”, how it is distinct from other ways in which gene and environment can “work together”, the methods needed to establish such a moderator, and the public health significance of such efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single ascending‐dose study of muscle regulator ace‐031 in healthy volunteers
Authors: Attie Kenneth M. , Borgstein Niels G. , Yang Yijun , Condon Carolyn H. , Wilson Dawn M. , Pearsall Amelia E. , Kumar Ravi , Willins Debbie A. , Seehra Jas S. , Sherman Matthew L. 
Published: August 2012

IntroductionACE‐031 is a soluble form of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB). ACE‐031 promotes muscle growth by binding to myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle mass.MethodsThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACE‐031 in 48 healthy, postmenopausal women randomized to receive 1 dose of ACE‐031 (0.02–3 mg/kg SC) or placebo (3:1).ResultsACE‐031 was generally well‐tolerated. Adverse events included injection site erythema. Mean ACE‐031 AUC0–∞ and Cmax increased linearly with dose; mean T½ was 10–15 days. Statistically significant increases in mean total body lean mass (3.3%; P = 0.03, by DXA) and thigh muscle volume (5.1%; P = 0.03, by MRI) were observed at day 29 in the 3 mg/kg group. Statistically significant changes in serum biomarkers suggest ACE‐031 also improved bone and fat metabolism.ConclusionsSingle‐dose ACE‐031 treatment was generally well‐tolerated and resulted in increases in muscle mass in healthy postmenopausal women. Muscle Nerve [B]47[/B]: 416–423, 2013
Charcot‐marie‐tooth disease type 4C in Japan: Report of a case
Authors: Iguchi Masahiro , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Ito Eiichi , Toda Kunio , Urano Mari , Shimizu Yuko , Takeuchi Chisen , Saito Kayoko , Takashima Hiroshi , Uchiyama Shinichiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The distribution of documented cases of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease type 4C (CMT4C) is mainly limited to the Mediterranean region. We report the first documented case of CMT4C in East Asia. Furthermore, we estimate the proportion of CMT4C in Japan and compare the same with that in European countries.Case report:A 72‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with early‐onset motor and sensory neuropathy associated with scoliosis, deformities of the hands and feet, and carpal tunnel syndrome. A genetic screen detected a homozygous p.R529Q mutation in SH3TC2, the causative gene of CMT4C. The SH3TC2 mutation identified here is unique among 426 unrelated Japanese CMT patients, excluding those with CMT1A.Conclusions:Although CMT4C also occurs in Japan, it is less common than in European countries. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Novel mutations in the anoctamin 5 gene (ANO5) associated with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2L
Authors: Little Ann A. , Mckeever Paul E. , Gruis Kirsten L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction:We present a Jordanian man with the typical LGMD 2L phenotype of early, asymmetric quadriceps weakness and subsequent biceps brachii weakness.Methods:Case report.Results:Muscle biopsies document a progressive dystrophic pattern unrelated to known sarcolemmal defects associated with muscular dystrophy. Genetic testing revealed novel, heterozygote Anoctamin 5 gene mutations.Conclusions:This case report expands the known mutations resulting in LGMD 2L and supports the assertion that Anoctamin 5 mutations are more prevalent than previously recognized. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Data assimilation using the particle filter for identifying the elasto‐plastic material properties of geomaterials
Authors: Murakami Akira , Shuku Takayuki , Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Fujisawa Kazunori , Nakamura Kazuyuki 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYA computational method, incorporating the finite element model (FEM) into data assimilation using the particle filter, is presented for identifying elasto‐plastic material properties based on sequential measurements under the known changing traction boundary conditions to overcome some difficulties in identifying the parameters for elasto‐plastic problems from which the existing inverse analysis strategies have suffered. A soil–water coupled problem, which uses the elasto‐plastic constitutive model, is dealt with as the geotechnical application. Measured data on the settlement and the pore pressure are obtained from a synthetic FEM computation as the forward problem under the known parameters to be identified for both the element tests and the ground behavior during the embankment construction sequence. Parameter identification for elasto‐plastic problems, such as soil behavior, should be made by considering the measurements of deformation and/or pore pressure step by step from the initial stage of construction and throughout the deformation history under the changing traction boundary conditions because of the embankment or the excavation because the ground behavior is highly dependent on the loading history. Thus, it appears that sequential data assimilation techniques, such as the particle filter, are the preferable tools that can provide estimates of the state variables, that is, deformation, pore pressure, and unknown parameters, for the constitutive model in geotechnical practice. The present paper discusses the priority of the particle filter in its application to initial/boundary value problems for elasto‐plastic materials and demonstrates a couple of numerical examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel analytical model for determining the maximum power point of thin film photovoltaic module
Authors: Jiang Joe‐Air , Liang Yu‐Ting , Wang Jen‐Cheng , Su Yu‐Li , Kuo Kun‐Chang , Shieh Jyh‐Cherng 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTAchieving the maximum power output from photovoltaic (PV) modules is indispensable for the operation of grid‐connected PV power systems under varied atmospheric conditions. In recent years, the study of PV energy for different applications has attracted more and more attention because solar energy is clean and renewable. We propose an efficient direct‐prediction method to enhance the utilization efficiency of thin film PV modules by tackling the problem of tracking time and overcoming the difficulty of calculation. The proposed method is based on the p–n junction recombination mechanism and can be applied to all kinds of PV modules. Its performance is not influenced by weather conditions such as illumination or temperature. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides high‐accuracy estimation of the maximum power point (MPP) for thin film PV modules with an average error of 1.68% and 1.65% under various irradiation intensities and temperatures, respectively. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can simply and accurately estimate the MPP for thin film PV modules under various irradiation intensities and temperatures. In future, the proposed method will be used to shed light on the optimization of the MPP tracking control model in PV systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging in gynecological disease (8): ultrasound characteristics of recurrent borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Franchi D. , Boveri S. , Fruscio R. , Fischerova D. , Guerriero S. , Moruzzi M. C. , Colombo N. , Timmerman D. , Valentin L. , Testa A. C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the sonographic characteristics of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) recurrence.MethodsFrom the databases of five ultrasound centers, we retrospectively identified 68 patients with histological diagnosis of recurrent BOT who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination. All recurrences were detected during planned follow‐up ultrasound examinations. Recurrent lesions were described using the terms and definitions of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) group.ResultsSixty‐two patients had a serous BOT recurrence and six a mucinous BOT recurrence. All patients except one were premenopausal, 84% of them being < 40 years old. All but one patient were asymptomatic at diagnosis of the recurrence. Fertility‐sparing surgery of the recurrent tumor was performed in 57/68 (84%) patients. The most frequent ultrasound feature of recurrent serous BOT was a unilocular solid cyst (49/62, 79%) and almost half of the recurrent serous BOTs (29/62, 47%) had multiple papillary projections. In 89% of the recurrent serous BOTs there was at least one papillation with irregular surface and in 73% there was at least one papillation vascularized at color Doppler examination. Recurrent mucinous BOTs appeared mainly as multilocular or multilocular solid cysts (5/6, 83%).ConclusionSonographic features of recurrent BOT resemble those described by others for different subtypes of primary BOT. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of MYH7 non‐compaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hoedemaekers Y. M. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Frohn‐Mulder I. M. E. , Dooijes D. , Majoor‐Krakauer D. F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report on two prenatal ultrasound diagnoses of left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) associated with mutation of the cardiac β‐myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7). LVNC is characterized by a trabecular meshwork and deep intertrabecular myocardial recesses communicating with the left ventricular cavity. Clinical features range from non‐penetrant disease in adult carriers to heart failure, arrhythmia and thromboembolism. Both cases showed cardiomegaly on prenatal ultrasound examinations, with features indicating non‐compaction of the myocardium apparent in the third trimester. Mutations in the MYH7 gene were identified postnatally in each case in both the proband and the father. One infant underwent surgical mitral valvuloplasty and a mechanical valve implant later; in the other, left ventricular function was unimpaired at birth. Cardiac function in both cases remained stable at last follow‐up. These cases highlight the importance of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of LVNC and the need for cardiologic and molecular testing of first‐degree relatives who may be unknown carriers of an MYH7 mutation.
Wind turbine condition monitoring: technical and commercial challenges
Authors: Yang Wenxian , Tavner Peter J. , Crabtree Christopher J. , Feng Y. , Qiu Y. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTDeployment of larger scale wind turbine systems, particularly offshore, requires more organized operation and maintenance strategies to ensure systems are safe, profitable and cost‐effective. Among existing maintenance strategies, reliability centred maintenance is regarded as best for offshore wind turbines, delivering corrective and proactive (i.e. preventive and predictive) maintenance techniques enabling wind turbines to achieve high availability and low cost of energy. Reliability centred maintenance analysis may demonstrate that an accurate and reliable condition monitoring system is one method to increase availability and decrease the cost of energy from wind. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop efficient and cost‐effective condition monitoring techniques for wind turbines. A number of commercial wind turbine monitoring systems are available in the market, most based on existing techniques from other rotating machine industries. Other wind turbine condition monitoring reviews have been published but have not addressed the technical and commercial challenges, in particular, reliability and value for money. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap and present the wind industry with a detailed analysis of the current practical challenges with existing wind turbine condition monitoring technology. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unstructured overset incompressible computational fluid dynamics for unsteady wind turbine simulations
Authors: Lynch C.E. , Smith M.J. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTOverset computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are the most sophisticated methods currently available to predict the unsteady motion of wind turbine blades without the need for additional simplifications or restrictions on the turbine operational conditions. An unstructured implementation of the governing equations of motion permits rapid modeling of the salient components, such as nacelles, towers and other localized obstructions of interest. A time‐accurate incompressible formulation accelerates the convergence of the solution, in addition to eliminating the need for low‐Mach number preconditioning, which can be problematic and computationally expensive for time‐accurate simulations. The use of a hybrid Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation (RANS/LES) turbulence method is observed to improve the prediction and extent of separation, as well as integrated performance variables for stalled rotors under fully turbulent conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.