bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is civic engagement developed over time? Emerging answers from a multidisciplinary field
Authors: Amnå Erik 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTInsights into the development of civic values, attitudes, knowledge, skills and behaviours are greatly demanded by adults worried about a seemingly steady decline in the societal interest of their offspring. Hence, the collection of studies in this special issue on civic engagement in adolescence is not only timely and enlightening, but it also has the potentials to contribute to research in different disciplines on various dimensions, mechanisms and normative models of civic engagement. The studies reveal some promising attempts to bring civil themes into the field of adolescent development. However, to overcome some conceptual, methodological and empirical shortcomings, future developmental studies in the area need to be substantially improved by considering cultural and institutional conditions, by focussing on processes across various everyday life contexts, by merging theories from different disciplinary fields, by conceptualizing adolescents as changeable subjects, and by delineating untested and unwarranted normative assumptions.
Organization and evolution of organized cervical cytology screening in Thailand
Authors: Khuhaprema Thiravud , Attasara Pattarawin , Srivatanakul Petcharin , Sangrajrang Suleeporn , Muwonge Richard , Sauvaget Catherine , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe phase 1 of an organized cytology screening project initiated in Thailand by the Ministry of Public Health and the National Health Security Office.MethodsWomen aged 35–60 years were encouraged to undergo cervical screening in primary care units and hospitals through awareness programs. Papanicolaou smears were processed and reported at district or provincial cytology laboratories. Women with normal test results were advised to undergo repeat screening after 5 years, while those with precancerous and cancerous lesions were referred for colposcopy, biopsy, and treatment. Information on screening, referral, investigations, and therapy were logged in a computer database.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2009, 69.2% of the 4 030 833 targeted women were screened. In all, 20 991 women had inadequate smears; 27 253 had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; 15 706 had high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; and 2920 had invasive cancers. Information on the management of precancerous lesions was available for only 17.4% of women referred for colposcopy.ConclusionAlthough follow‐up data on women with positive test results were inadequately documented, the present findings indicate that provision of cytology services through the existing healthcare system is feasible.
NATURAL PARTIAL ORDER IN SEMIGROUPS OF TRANSFORMATIONS WITH INVARIANT SET
Authors: SUN LEI , WANG LIMIN 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLet 𝒯X be the full transformation semigroup on the nonempty set X. We fix a nonempty subset Y of X and consider the semigroup of transformations that leave Y invariant, and endow it with the so-called natural partial order. Under this partial order, we determine when two elements of S(X,Y ) are related, find the elements which are compatible and describe the maximal elements, the minimal elements and the greatest lower bound of two elements. Also, we show that the semigroup S(X,Y ) is abundant.
Polyps originating from accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate
Authors: Jung H , Park S K , Kim J-R 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:We report two extremely rare cases of polyps from unilateral accessory middle turbinates, one of which coexisted with a polyp from an inferomedially projecting, pneumatised, secondary middle turbinate.Methods:Case report and literature review concerning accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate.Results:Two patients presented with unilateral nasal obstruction. In both patients, nasal endoscopy revealed polypoid masses originating from the middle meatus. Paranasal sinus computed tomography and histopathological analysis confirmed the presence of polyps originating from an accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate, which were resected uneventfully via endoscopic sinus surgery.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of polyps originating from a unilateral accessory middle turbinate and secondary middle turbinate. Pre-operative recognition of these rare anatomical variations is of particular importance in avoiding intra-operative complication.
Mobile Communication, Popular Protests and Citizenship in China
Authors: LIU JUN 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDigital telecommunication technology has expanded the potential of the mobile phone to be used increasingly as a weapon against authoritarian rule and censorship. Since the content of mobile communication is unpredictable and unregulated, mobile phones have the capability to breach state-sponsored blockage of information. This in turn helps the Chinese people to maintain contact with each other, receive information from outside the country, and make political waves in an aggressive battle for control over information. This paper examines spontaneous mobilization via mobile phones, with a focus on two concrete popular protests in rural and urban areas, demonstrating how Chinese citizens have expanded the political uses of mobile phones in their struggle for freedom of information flow, social justice, and the rule of law, while seeking to build an inexpensive counter-public sphere. These processes destabilize China's conventional national public sphere by shaping political identities on an individual level as well as the notion of citizenship within the evolving counter-public sphere. The political significance of mobile phones in the context of contemporary China's political environment can be observed by various social forces that communicate their struggles with the aid of this technology, pose challenges in governance, and force the authorities to engage in new kinds of media practices.
Summary of recent standardization activities in the field of robotics
Authors: Moon Seungbin , Rhim Sungsoo , Cho Young-Jo , Park Kwang-Ho , Virk Gurvinder S. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper summarizes the recent standardization activities in the field of robotics by ISO (International Organization for Standardization), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), OMG (Object Management Group), and other organizations. While the standards in industrial robots have been mainly developed by ISO, the standards on the emerging service robots are initiated by many organizations. One of the goals of this paper is to coordinate the efforts among these groups so that more effective standardization activity can be executed. Standardization in the emerging service robots will eventually promote the proliferation of service robot markets in the near future.
Extended dynamic fuzzy logic system for a class of MIMO nonlinear systems and its application to robotic manipulators
Authors: Hamdy M. , EL-Ghazaly G. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents an indirect adaptive fuzzy control scheme for a class of unknown multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with external disturbances. Within this scheme, the dynamic fuzzy logic system (DFLS) is employed to identify the unknown nonlinear MIMO systems. The control law and parameter adaptation laws of DFLS are derived based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach. The control law is robustified in H∞ sense to attenuate external disturbance, model uncertainties, and fuzzy approximation errors. It is shown that under appropriate assumptions it guarantees the boundness of all signals in the closed-loop system and the asymptotic convergence to zero of tracking errors. An extensive simulation on the tracking control of a two-link rigid robotic manipulator verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-based older Japanese: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Moynihan Paula , Manz Michael C , Taylor George W , Yoshihara Akihiro , Muramatsu Kanako , Watanabe Reiko , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal relationship between the intake of dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.DesignA retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 2 years (2003–2005). Intakes of dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene and β-carotene) were assessed with a validated FFQ. Participants were classified by tertile of antioxidant intake. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level, was recorded at baseline and follow-up examinations. Periodontal disease progression was considered as loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater over the study period at the interproximal site for each tooth. Finally, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression per person was calculated and was used as the outcome. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary antioxidants as the main exposure, to estimate their influence on the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression.SettingNiigata City (Japan).SubjectsDentate individuals aged 75 years in 2003, for whom data were available, were included in the analyses (n 264).ResultsA higher intake of dietary antioxidants was inversely associated with the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression, controlling for other variables. The multivariate-adjusted incidence rate ratios in the first, second and third tertiles were 1·00, 0·76 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·97) and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·93) for vitamin C; 1·00, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·99) and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·72), for vitamin E; and 1·00, 1·02 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·29) and 0·73 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·95) for β-carotene.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that higher intake of antioxidants may mitigate periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.
Does gynecologic malignancy predict likelihood of a tertiary palliative care unit hospital admission? A comparison of local, provincial and national death rates
Authors: Pilkey Jana , Demers Chantale , Chochinov Harvey , Venkatesan Nithya 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of gynecologic malignancies predicts the likelihood of a tertiary palliative care unit hospital admission.Method:In this study, patients admitted to a specialized tertiary palliative care unit (TPCU) with gynecologic malignancies were compared to national and provincial death rates to determine if gynecologic malignancy predicts admission, and subsequent death, in a TPCU.Results:Eighty-two gynecologic cancer patients were admitted to our TPCU over the 5- year study period. Out of all cancer deaths in the TPCU, death from ovarian cancer was 3.7% compared with 2.4% (p = 0.0068) of all cancer deaths in Manitoba and 2.3% (p = 0.0043) of all cancer deaths in Canada. Cervical cancer accounted for 1.7% of all our patients deaths compared with 0.7% (p = 0.0001) provincially and 0.6% (p = 0.0001) nationally. Uterine cancer deaths were not significantly different from the provincial and national death rates, whereas vulvar and fallopian cancers were too rare to allow for statistical analysis.Significance of Results:Gynecologic cancers may be predictive of admission to a palliative care unit.
A Population Study of Children’s Acquisition of Hong Kong Cantonese Consonants, Vowels, and Tones
Authors: To Carol K. S. , Cheung Pamela S. P. , McLeod Sharynne 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
This study investigated children’s acquisition of Hong Kong Cantonese.

Method
Participants were 1,726 children ages 2;4 to 12;4 (years;months). Single-word speech samples were collected to examine 4 measures: initial consonants, final consonants, vowels/diphthongs, and lexical tones. A 2-way analysis of variance was performed to examine the effects of age and sex on phoneme acquisition.

Results

There was rapid acquisition of initial consonants from age 2;6 to age 4;6. All 19 initial consonants were acquired by age 6;0 (90% criterion): /p-/, /m-/, and /j-/ were acquired the earliest; the last were /ts
h
-/ and /s-/. Final consonants had a different acquisition time from their initial counterparts. Vowels were acquired by age 5;0 and diphthongs by age 4;0. All 9 tones were acquired by age 2;6. The main effect of age was significant for all 4 measures, whereas sex was significant for all measures except tone. Common phonological patterns (≥ 10%) for initial consonants were stopping, fronting, deaspiration, delabialization, affrication, and nasalization; patterns with 5.0%–9.9% occurrence were backing, deaffrication, gliding, and dentalization.

Conclusions
The acquisition of Cantonese showed similarities with English acquisition yet also had specific characteristics. Factors that contributed to the acquisition rate were functional load, articulatory ease, consonant–vowel interactions, phonetic variations, and the behavior of vowels and their allophones.
The Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Effects on Linguistic Communication
Authors: Mahendra Nidhi 
Published: May 2012

Recently, researchers have detailed the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (LV-PPA) as the third subtype of primary progressive aphasia. In this article, I will present a case study of an individual with the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. I will describe the performance of an individual client on tests of cognitive and language function and present recommendations for intervention.
I will integrate data from neurological examination, neuroimaging investigation, speech-language pathology evaluations, and caregiver report to offer clinicians a better understanding of LV-PPA.
The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia has a profound effect on communicative and cognitive functions. Speech-language pathologists can add much to the clinical assessment and management of LV-PPA by carefully documenting cognitive-communicative functioning and implementing interventions that can optimize communicative interactions and maximize patient and caregiver coping skills.
In vivo excitation of nanoparticles using luminescent bacteria
Authors: Dragavon Joe , Blazquez Samantha , Rekiki Abdessalem , Samson Chelsea , Theodorou Ioanna , Rogers Kelly L. , Tournebize Régis , Shorte Spencer L. 
Published: May 2012

The lux operon derived from
Photorhabdus luminescens
incorporated into bacterial genomes, elicits the production of biological chemiluminescence typically centered on 490 nm. The light-producing bacteria are widely used for in vivo bioluminescence imaging. However, in living samples, a common difficulty is the presence of blue-green absorbers such as hemoglobin. Here we report a characterization of fluorescence by unbound excitation from luminescence, a phenomenon that exploits radiating luminescence to excite nearby fluorophores by epifluorescence. We show that photons from bioluminescent bacteria radiate over mesoscopic distances and induce a red-shifted fluorescent emission from appropriate fluorophores in a manner distinct from bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. Our results characterizing fluorescence by unbound excitation from luminescence, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrate how the resulting blue-to-red wavelength shift is both necessary and sufficient to yield contrast enhancement revealing mesoscopic proximity of luminescent and fluorescent probes in the context of living biological tissues.
The Relationship between Personal Commitment to Angling and the Opinions and Attitudes of German Anglers towards the Conservation and Management of the European Eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Dorow Malte , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In response to the dramatic decline of the European eel Anguilla anguilla population, the European Union member states developed eel conservation programs. To facilitate program development, a thorough understanding of eel angler perceptions about the degree of the current eel decline, their potential contribution, and their perceptions about the ways forward is important. In 2007, we sent a self-administered mail questionnaire to 640 anglers living in northeastern Germany asking them about a range of eel conservation and management issues. Respondents were segmented according to their degree of eel angling commitment. We tested a range of hypotheses, including whether highly committed eel anglers would feel greater concern about the eel decline than less committed anglers. In contrast to expectations, all identified angler groups had experienced a similarly pronounced eel decline. While high-centrality eel anglers were found to be somewhat more concerned with the decline, they exhibited less willingness to limit current eel angling effort than other anglers to help conserve eels. Highly committed eel anglers also rated the potential contribution of the recreational eel harvest as less important a contributor to the current state of the eel population than did less involved anglers. These findings can be explained by the greater resource dependency of highly committed anglers in light of the belief that recreational harvesting is not a significant issue for eel conservation. We conclude that the evaluation of fisheries conservation and management by differently committed anglers is affected by their perception of contributing to stock declines, the consumptive nature of the fishery, the dependency on the resource to meet experience preferences, and the degree to which potential regulations are perceived as threatening access to a fishery with a limited number of acceptable substitutes.
Received May 2, 2011; accepted January 11, 2012
Effects of Culverts on Stream Fish Assemblages in the Alberta Foothills
Authors: MacPherson Laura M. , Sullivan Michael G. , Lee Foote A. , Stevens Cameron E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Watercourse-crossing structures are ubiquitous anthropogenic features in the Rocky Mountain foothills of Alberta. We performed physical and habitat assessments at 295 watercourse-crossing sites in 15 subbasins of the Athabasca River during the summer and early fall of 2007, 2008, and 2009, sampling for fish at 110 sites (32 bridges and 78 culverts). We used bootstrapping analysis to examine how several culvert parameters (hang height, outlet plunge pool depth, water velocity, length, and slope) altered the upstream abundances of eight fish species relative to those at reference bridge sites. Physical drops at the outlet (hang heights), slope, and outlet water velocities were the most important culvert parameters shaping non-sport-fish distributions. Some culvert types (e.g., hanging culverts) acted as complete barriers to burbot Lota lota and partially impeded the movements of spoonhead sculpin Cottus ricei, suckers Catostomus spp., and minnows (family Cyprinidae). For example, at culverts with high outlet water velocities (&gt;0.59 m/s), the upstream proportion of the total catch for burbot was 0.32 units lower than that at bridge crossings. We did not find evidence that culverts acted as barriers to the upstream passage of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss; rather, the abundances of rainbow trout significantly increased upstream of the highest-hanging, steepest, and longest culverts. One explanation may be that culverts that exclude burbot, a voracious predator, offer a competitive release for rainbow trout upstream of culverts. However, culverts had significantly higher water temperatures and silt and sand substrates upstream (versus downstream), whereas instream habitat did not differ at bridges. Given the large number of culverts that may be barriers in the Alberta foothills, our research emphasizes the need to better understand how species respond to the characteristics of culverts. Such data are needed to assist with making informed regulatory and planning decisions.
Received March 26, 2011; accepted January 19, 2012
Female Length and Mass Quantify the Difference between Atlantic Salmon Ova Fecundity and Ova Deposition
Authors: Bacon P. J. , Malcolm I. A. , MacLean J. C. , McLaren I. , Thorne A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The population status of salmonids is often assessed as ova deposition relative to “ova conservation densities.” Traditional approaches to assessing ova deposition predict log(ova numbers) from log(female length) for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar based on calibrations for unspawned females. Better ova deposition predictions are obtained by using both female length and female mass, especially when part-spawned females arrive at or leave local study sites, which are crucial to parameterizing such relationships. Improved estimates of ova deposition could help reduce the noise in crucial stock–recruitment relationships and thus improve both mortality estimates at other life stages and management understanding.
Received August 23, 2011; accepted January 12, 2012
Rhetoric, Civic Consciousness, and Civic Conscience: The Invention of Citizenship in Classical Greece
Authors: Johnstone Christopher Lyle 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The orthodox liberal conception of society and politics has proven incapable in this country of sustaining a system of social relations in which individualistic and communitarian impulses are balanced, and in which personal freedoms and community controls are not seen as being mutually antagonistic. William Sullivan looks to the classical notion of citizenship for a vision of life that is simultaneously political and moral. The “classical notion” he promotes has its roots in theAthenian conception of citizenship both as aform of consciousness and as a call to duty. Thisform of consciousness grows out of an awareness that we are communal beings and that members of a community can influence the course of both civic and natural events. It ultimately embraces the ideas that social knowledge is fluid and tentative, that multiple viewpoints can claim legitimacy, and that resolutions of social conflicts are achieved through persuasion. Thus, the essential. act of citizenship is “doing rhetoric,” and its most fundamental duties are to participate in governance, to listen and respond to others, to acknowledge our own fallibility, and to advocate for our own views as we participate in civic life.
Who Measures “Due Measure”? or, Karos Meets Couuter-Kairos: Implications of Isegotia fOr Classical Notions of Kakos
Authors: Blitefield Jerry 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This essay grows out of a larger project, one in which I look to account theoretically for ways in which underpowered groups creatively manage limited physical resourcesfor maximum rhetoricaleffect. My assumption in that larger project is that underpowered groups - groups whose publicness must be either granted or commandeered from same more greatly pouered group (e.g., government) - suchgroups encounter and engage constraints ofpublic rhetoric in way not necessarily of concern to the overpowered. For example, the mayor of any city can, at his or her choosing, call together a press conference inside City Hall to address tbe issue of homelessness: the homeless do not possess tbat same rhetorical option. Of the three terms central to that larger project - place, kairos, and delivery - it is upon kairos that I will focus this essay. My argument here is that. while I am respectful of the literature accounting for kairos as a rhetorical concern in ancient Athens, most of that literature focuses on the etymology, philosophy, or theology of the term, Fully acknowledging that literature, I wish to add politial dimension, and propose that kairos becomes even more complex when coupled with perhaps the most Significant political development in the democratization of classical Athens: isegoria, or the right of any citizen to address the Assembly.