bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics for State‐to‐State Kinetics of Non‐Equilibrium Molecular Plasmas: State of Art and Perspectives
Authors: Capitelli Mario , Celiberto Roberto , Esposito Fabrizio , Laricchiuta Annarita 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe theoretical prediction of molecular plasma features in non‐equilibrium conditions relys on the knowledge of the microscopic collisional dynamics. The state‐to‐state kinetic approach in fact requires complete sets of cross‐sections for the main reaction channels, including their dependence on the internal degrees of freedom. In this paper, the main three classes (electron–molecule, atom–molecule, and gas–surface interaction) of elementary processes have been considered, reviewing old and recent results for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen molecular plasmas. Within each class selected processes have been discussed, summarizing the evidences of theoretical investigation and validating different methods by comparison with available experiments. Future achievements are outlined moving to polyatomic systems, of great interest in many technological plasma‐chemical systems.magnified image
Development of Novel Target Materials for Cu(In,Ga)Se‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Britting Stefan , Borkowski Astrid , Dütsch Claudia , Simon Ralph , van Osten Karl‐Uwe 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAt present, the market share of thin film photovoltaic (PV) within total PV production is approximately 10%, but it is expected to grow up to 20% by 2010 and beyond 30% in the long term. The availability of large area deposition equipment and process technologies, as well as the experience available from the architectural glass industry and the flat panel display industry, offer significant opportunities for high‐volume and low‐cost manufacturing of corresponding coating materials. A major challenge is to use materials which are easy to handle in large scale manufacturing and which offer cost advantages during PVD processing. GfE is developing CIGS target materials by different production procedures to meet future needs. This paper provides an overview concerning the status of development.
Nanoparticle Dispersion Strengthened WC–C Based Coatings on Ti‐alloy Produced by Sequential Chemical Reaction Assisted Pulsed Electrospark Deposition
Authors: Levashov Evgeny A. , Zamulaeva Evgenia I. , Pogozhev Yury S. , Kurbatkina Viktoria V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this work, we explored the effects of the electrode material constituents and structure on the composition, tribological properties, and roughness of electrospark deposited coatings. Nanostructured (WC grain size below 0.1 µm) and microstructured (WC grain size 1–2 µm) electrodes based on 92% WC–8% Co composition were used to produce coatings on titanium alloy substrates. Fine‐pored graphite (FPG) and carbon–carbon fiber composite (CCFC) electrodes were additionally used for surface smoothing as a finishing operation. The use of the nanostructured electrodes resulted in the formation of fine‐grained, hard, and wear‐resistant coatings. Surface finishing treatment with graphite‐containing electrodes was found to decrease friction coefficients and improve the wear resistance of coatings deposited with both nano‐ and microstructured electrodes. This finishing operation provided lower surface roughness, change in the phase composition of the coatings, and formation of surface graphite for solid lubrication.
Production of High‐Density Capacitively Coupled Plasma with RF Multi‐Hollow Cathode and/or High Secondary Electron Emission for DLC Film Preparation
Authors: Ohtsu Yasunori , Nakamura Chisa , Misawa Tatsuya , Fujita Hiroharu , Akiyama Morito , Yukimura Ken 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effects of a hollow cathode discharge and secondary electron emission from a radio‐frequency‐biased electrode on the growing rate of diamond‐like carbon films were studied. The rate of deposition for amorphous hydrogenous carbon thin films of about 200 nm·min−1 was attained at a voltage of −700 V with radio‐frequency plasma using CH4 gas. Because of its non‐uniformity, the profile was improved by changing the hole arrangement. A radial roughness of the deposited films of about 35 nm, for a film thickness of about 1 µm, was obtained with the best arrangement.
Iridium Coatings with Titanium Sub‐Layer Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering: Mechanical Properties and Contact Behavior with RoHS‐Compliant Glass Melt
Authors: Hagen Jan , Burmeister Frank , Fromm Alexander , Manns Peter , Kleer Günter 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this contribution, we report on the mechanical properties of iridium coatings with titanium sub‐layer deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Measurements of the coating adhesion were performed with scanning scratch test. The microhardness and effective Young's modulus were determined by nanoindentation test. In order to evaluate the suitability of the coating for glass molding applications, the contact behavior with a hot melt of a RoHS‐compliant glass type was investigated. It was observed that iridium coatings with titanium sub‐layer deposited on tungsten carbide substrates exhibited excellent thermomechanical durability. Furthermore, the coating was chemically resistant against the hot glass melt since no degradation of the coating's surface was observed after 5000 cyclic contacts with hot P‐LaSF47 glass melt.
Rapidly Solidified Thick Deposit of Fe‐C‐V‐Cr‐Ni Alloy by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Hoshiyama Yasuhiro , Hirano Kentaro , Miyake Hidekazu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFe‐C‐V‐Cr‐Ni alloy powder is low‐pressure plasma sprayed to produce rapidly solidified alloy deposits based on a stainless cast iron with finely dispersed vanadium carbide particles. The as‐sprayed deposit is made up of γFe, αFe, V8C7, and Cr7C3. The fine precipitates of about 0.4 µm in the as‐sprayed deposit are carbide. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1 273 K, the carbide particles coarsen. The as‐sprayed deposit has finer vanadium carbide than that of the Fe‐C‐V‐Cr‐Ni cast. With increasing heat treatment temperature above 1 073 K, the coarsening of the vanadium and chromium carbide precipitates and elimination of saturation of matrix with vanadium, chromium, and carbon in the deposit result in the decrease in hardness of the Fe‐C‐V‐Cr‐Ni deposit.
Different Underlying Corrosion Mechanism for Mg Bulk Alloys and Mg Thin Films
Authors: Blawert Carsten , Heitmann Volker , Scharnagl Nico , Störmer Michael , Lutz Johanna , Prager‐Duschke Andrea , Manova Darina , Mändl Stephan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe influence of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys was studied by comparing standard cast alloys with thin‐film alloys (solid solution) of the same nominal composition. Latter were deposited on Si by means of magnetron sputtering. Results from potentiodynamic polarisation measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion tests with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy of the aqueous NaCl solution prove that beside lower corrosion rates for the thin films, a different corrosion mechanism is active in both systems, due to the dissimilar microstructure. Localised or pitting corrosion is dominating for the bulk alloys and uniform corrosion (on a much lower level) for the coatings.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome from past to future: Model for translational and transitional autonomic medicine
Authors: Weese‐Mayer Debra E. , Rand Casey M. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth M. , Jennings Larry J. , Loghmanee Darius A. , Patwari Pallavi P. , Ceccherini Isabella 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe modern story of CCHS began in 1970 with the first description by Mellins et al., came most visibly to the public eye with the ATS Statement in 1999, and continues with increasingly fast paced advances in genetics. Affected individuals have diffuse autonomic nervous system dysregulation (ANSD). The paired‐like homeobox gene PHOX2B is the disease‐defining gene for CCHS; a mutation in the PHOX2B gene is requisite to the diagnosis of CCHS. Approximately 90% of individuals with the CCHS phenotype will be heterozygous for a polyalanine repeat expansion mutation (PARM); the normal allele will have 20 alanines and the affected allele will have 24–33 alanines (genotypes 20/24–20/33). The remaining ∼10% of individuals with CCHS will have a non‐PARM (NPARM), in the PHOX2B gene; these will be missense, nonsense, or frameshift. CCHS and PHOX2B are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with a stable mutation. Approximately 8% of parents of a CCHS proband will be mosaic for the PHOX2B mutation. A growing number of cases of CCHS are identified after the newborn period, with presentation from infancy into adulthood. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of the PHOX2B mutations and of the PHOX2B genotype/CCHS phenotype relationship will allow physicians to anticipate the clinical phenotype for each affected individual. To best convey the remarkable history of CCHS, and to describe the value of recognizing CCHS as a model for translational and transitional autonomic medicine, we present this review article in the format of a chronological story, from 1970 to the present day. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:521–535. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energetics of oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNew calorimetric techniques enable the measurement of surface enthalpies and phase transformation enthalpies of oxide nanoparticles. These experimental values can benchmark theoretical calculations. A complex and delicate balance of energies of phase transformation, surfaces, and hydration leads to crossovers in thermodynamic stability of polymorphs at the nanoscale. ZnO and TiO2 are discussed in detail as examples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Investigation of lattice defects in LaNi 5 by positron annihilation spectroscopy and first‐principles calculations
Authors: Mizuno Masataka , Araki Hideki , Shirai Yasuharu 
Published: May 2009

Abstractositron annihilation spectroscopy and first‐principles calculations have been applied to identify lattice defects introduced in LaNi 5, which is widely used as hydrogen storage materials, during hydrogen absorption–desorption process. Positron lifetime measurement and calculated positron lifetimes revealed that Ni vacancies are formed during hydrogen absorption in LaNi 5. First‐principles calculations have been performed in order to estimate the stability of the Ni vacancy in the hydrogen absorption process. The binding energy at the Ni sites is reduced by absorbed hydrogen atoms in LaNi 5 hydrides. In the case of the Ni 2b site surrounded by four hydrogen atoms, the binding energy is lowered by about 0.7 eV. Another contribution to the stability of the Ni vacancy is a decrease in the energy of additional lattice sites occupied by the atoms removed as vacancies. In the hydrogen absorption process, additional hydrogen sites are occupied by hydrogen atoms supplied in the process, which leads to the decrease in the vacancy formation energy. As a result, the formation energy of Ni vacancy is reduced to almost zero in the hydrogen absorption process of LaNi 5. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
SCCR: a generic approach to simultaneously achieve CCA security and collusion‐resistance in proxy re‐encryption
Authors: Shao Jun , Cao Zhenfu , Liu Peng 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBy allowing a proxy to blindly perform meaningful transformations from one ciphertext to another, proxy re‐encryption (PRE) is an important cryptographic primitive in many applications, such as encrypted email forwarding and distributed file system. Due to its usefulness, various PRE schemes have been proposed; however, only one can simultaneously achieve chosen ciphertext security (CCA security) and collusion‐resistance. When such schemes are deployed, lack of CCA security will cause secret leaking, and lack of collusion‐resistance will cause non‐repudiation damage. In this paper, we propose a novel approach (denoted SCCR) to simultaneously achieve CCA security and collusion‐resistance in PRE, which faces daunting new challenges. We address these challenges by using CCA‐secure (2, 2) threshold cryptosystem to obtain public verifiability, and the method of key management in identity‐based encryption (IBE) to achieve collusion‐resistance. These two novel techniques have not been yet used in any previous PRE schemes. A unique characteristic of SCCR is that it is a generic construction which has more advantages than a concrete PRE scheme does. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of hydrogen on palladium nanoparticle surfaces
Authors: Han Junliang , Hu Wangyu , Deng Huiqiu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe behaviors of hydrogen (H) adsorbed on the palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) are examined with the modified analytic embedded‐atom method potentials and MORSE potentials. We study the effects of particle size and H coverage, and compare their adsorption properties of nanoparticle's facets with that of flat surfaces. We simulate the Pd truncated octahedron NPs with atoms from 38 to 2406 and the coverage of adsorbed H up to 1.0 monolayer (ML). Site preferences, adsorption geometries, adsorption energies, and bond lengths of HPd are calculated. We have also calculated the potential energy surface (PES). It is clear that the H atom binding to particle facets is quite stronger than that of flat surfaces when the particle size is smaller than 3.2 nm. We have found a significant variation that adsorption energies ascend gradually with increasing the particle size or surface coverage of H, and the adsorption energy varies about 0.6 eV for (111) facet and 0.3 eV for (100) facet as the coverage up to 1.0 ML. Our results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values and other calculations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of shear in fiber spinning
Authors: Ceci S. , Frost C. , Hagen T. , Kurmashev D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe study the equations of isothermal fiber spinning under the assumption that viscous friction in the fiber is balanced by shear stresses. Our discussion gives a rather complete picture of the existence and nonexistence of stationary solutions. The linearization about steady state of the governing equations is analyzed by semigroup methods and shown to have the spectrally determined growth property. Both linear and nonlinear stability of stationary solutions is investigated numerically.
Obesity and Diabetes: The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Type‐2 Diabetes
Authors: Dixon John B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWeight gain and obesity are driving the global epidemic of type‐2 diabetes through metabolic and inflammatory pathways that cause insulin resistance and impair pancreatic β‐cell function, the two important factors that are directly responsible for the development of this disease in susceptible populations. Lifestyle methods and modest weight loss are powerful at preventing and managing type‐2 diabetes, but sustaining substantial weight loss is problematic. Bariatric surgery provides exceptional sustained weight loss and remission of type‐2 diabetes in 50–85% of subjects, especially if treated early before irreparable β‐cell damage has occurred. In addition, there is substantial evidence that bariatric surgery provides additional comorbidity and quality‐of‐life improvements and reduces mortality in patients with type‐2 diabetes. There is an association between the extent of weight loss and remission of type‐2 diabetes. Diversionary bariatric procedures such as gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion induce a rapid non‐weight‐loss‐associated improvement in glycemic control. Several mechanisms have been proposed for this exciting and novel effect that may provide key insights into the pathogenesis of type‐2 diabetes. A range of novel surgical, endoluminal procedures/devices, and pharmacologic therapies are likely to evolve when we better understand how bariatric surgery enables long‐term changes in energy balance and non‐weight‐related metabolic improvements. Bariatric surgery should be considered for adults with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 and type‐2 diabetes, especially if the diabetes is difficult to control with lifestyle and pharmacologic therapy. Although all bariatric procedures produce exceptional results in the management of type‐2 diabetes, choice of procedure requires a careful risk–benefit analysis for the individual patient.
Accelerated Hydrolysis of Aspirin Using Alternating Magnetic Fields
Authors: Reinscheid Uwe M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The major problem of current drug-based therapy is selectivity. As in other areas of science, a combined approach might improve the situation decisively. The idea is to use the pro-drug principle together with an alternating magnetic field as physical stimulus, which can be applied in a spatially and temporarily controlled manner. As a proof of principle, the neutral hydrolysis of aspirin in physiological phosphate buffer of pH 7.5 at 40 °C was chosen. The sensor and actuator system is a commercially available gold nanoparticle (NP) suspension which is approved for animal usage, stable in high concentrations and reproducibly available. Applying the alternating magnetic field of a conventional NMR magnet system accelerated the hydrolysis of aspirin in solution.
Cloning and Characterization of the ∆6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Elongase from the Green Microalga Parietochloris incisa
Authors: Iskandarov Umidjon , Khozin‐Goldberg Inna , Ofir Rivka , Cohen Zvi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe very‐long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC‐PUFA), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω‐6) is a component of neuron tissues such as brain and retina cells and a primary substrate for the biosynthesis of biologically active eicosanoids. The green freshwater microalga Parietochloris incisa (Trebouxiophyceae) has been shown to accumulate an extraordinary high content of ARA‐rich triacylglycerols. It was thus interesting to characterize the genes involved in lipid biosynthesis in this alga. We report here the identification of a cDNA encoding for a P. incisa PUFA elongase (PiELO1) and demonstrate that the expression of PiELO1 in yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae confers its elongase activity on C18 ∆6 PUFA. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PiELO1 is highly similar to functionally characterized ∆6 PUFA elongase genes from other green algae and lower plants. Quantitative real‐time PCR expression studies showed that PiELO1 is upregulated under nitrogen starvation, the condition triggering and enhancing storage oil and ARA accumulation in P. incisa.
The Surgical Mask: Are New Tests Relevant for OR Practice?
Authors: Belkin Nathan L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSince the turn of the 20th century, when researchers were discovering the presence of bacteria in droplets from the nose and mouth and the role these bacteria played in disease transmission, masks have been used as a method to protect both health care providers and patients from respiratory diseases.In 1926, the first study was published that indicated masks might also play a role in reducing the incidence of surgical site infections. That report spearheaded the development of new mask materials and designs and devices to demonstrate their filtering efficiency.This article provides a historical review of the work done by researchers over the years and examines whether tests to determine the filtering efficiency of surgical masks, including those recently adopted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are relevant to actual OR conditions. AORN J 89 (May 2009) 883–891. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Spiritual Dimensions of the Perioperative Experience
Authors: Griffin Andrew T. , Yancey Valerie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNurses recognize the importance of spiritual care for facilitating healing and positive outcomes. Nurses caring for patients in highly technical surgical environments have unique opportunities and challenges when attending to patients' spiritual needs.Patients facing surgery often regard the event and the health implications associated with it as having meaning and significance for their lives. They draw upon spiritual resources to respond to the challenges of their illness and surgery.This article addresses the effect of life transition and uncertainty on a patient's surgical experience. Suggestions are made for ways perioperative nurses can provide spiritual care to help create healing environments.AORN J89 (May 2009) 875–882. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Postoperative Voiding Criteria for Ambulatory Surgery Patients
Authors: Ruhl Maureen 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe number and types of surgeries being performed in ambulatory surgery facilities have increased during the past several years. Many surgeries that were once performed on an inpatient basis routinely occur in outpatient settings today.Patients are required to meet certain discharge requirements and, occasionally, voiding is included in this criteria. Requiring patients to void postoperatively, however, can unnecessarily delay a patient's discharge and contribute to increased anxiety for the patient.This article provides a case study with discussion, a literature review regarding postoperative voiding and urinary retention in ambulatory surgery, and recommendations for future research regarding postoperative voiding criteria for low‐risk outpatients. AORN J 89 (May 2009) 871–874. © AORN, Inc, 2009.
Neck–shoulder pain and depressive symptoms: A cohort study with a 7‐year follow‐up
Authors: Mäntyselkä Pekka , Lupsakko Taina , Kautiainen Hannu , Vanhala Mauno 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground: The presence of neck–shoulder pain as a predictor of depression is not widely studied.Aim: To analyse the association of neck–shoulder pain at baseline with depressive symptomatology after a 7‐year follow‐up.Methods: A total of 604 subjects who had not had depressive symptomatology at baseline participated in 7‐year follow‐up survey. The number of subjects with depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Score ≥ 10) after 7‐year follow‐up were measured in three groups – subjects without neck–shoulder pain, with infrequent neck–shoulder pain and with daily neck–shoulder pain at baseline.Results: A total of 77 (13%) participants had developed depressive symptomatology by the follow‐up. Prevalence of depressive symptomatology in follow‐up in subjects without neck–shoulder pain, with infrequent neck–shoulder pain and with daily neck–shoulder pain at baseline pain was 9.5%, 11.2% and 28.4%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis odds for having depressive symptomatology in daily neck–shoulder pain subjects was almost three fold higher (OR, 2.64, 95% CI, 1.27–5.48) compared to those without neck–shoulder pain.Conclusions: Frequent neck–shoulder pain is a preceding symptom for the depressive symptomatology in adults.
Programm zur Schließung von Impflücken in NRW
Authors: Leidel Jan , Scharkus Sibylle 
Published: May 2009

Einleitung
Schutzimpfungen gehören zu den effektivsten und sichersten Präventionsmaßnahmen. Zahlreiche Impfungen führen bei genügend hoher Impfbeteiligung über den Schutz des geimpften Individuums hinaus zu einer protektiven Wirkung auf Bevölkerungsniveau („Herdenimmunität“). Daher existiert ein öffentliches Interesse an einer hohen Beteiligung an den von den obersten Gesundheitsbehörden der Länder gemäß § 20 Abs. 3 Infektionsschutzgesetzes (IfSG) „öffentlich empfohlenen“ Impfungen.
Impfquoten in Deutschland: Überblick über Datenlage und Datenquellen
Authors: Kalies Helen , Siedler Anette , Kries Rüdiger von 
Published: May 2009

Einleitung
Impfungen sind eine der effektivsten Public Health-Maßnahmen zur Primärprävention. Die Einführung von Routineimpfungen hat bewirkt, dass heute nur noch wenige ungeimpfte Kinder an Infektionskrankheiten erkranken, die vor dem Krieg in Deutschland sehr häufig waren. Einzelne Krankheitserreger stehen sogar kurz vor der weltweiten Eradikation bzw. konnten zumindest regional eliminiert werden In diesem Artikel werden kurz die Anforderungen an Datenquellen zur Impfstatuserhebung, die in Deutschland verfügbaren Datenquellen sowie der aktuelle Impfstatus bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland dargestellt.