bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the impact of heartburn and dyspepsia on quality of life
Authors: GLISE H. , WIKLUND I. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe interest in heartburn in endoscopy‐negative patients and in functional dyspepsia has increased in recent years. This necessitates new methods of disease evaluation due to the lack of objective markers. In this paper basic data are presented from the application of two widely used quality of life questionnaires ‐ the Psychological General Well‐Being Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale ‐ in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms without treatment and in healthy controls. From the reference population, it can be concluded that gender, as well as age, influences the outcome of both indices. In patients with untreated reflux oesophagitis, peptic ulcer or dyspepsia quality of life was low. The severity of symptoms also correlated well with both the Psychological General Well‐Being Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale scores in patients with heartburn. In patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints, an evaluation of quality of life is helpful in patient evaluation, particularly in the absence of objective clinical markers of disease.
Management strategies for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: DENT J. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYNew trials allow management strategies to be proposed with greater confidence than in the past for the entire spectrum of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. Symptom evaluation is of key importance, as it is the most cost‐effective and sensitive method for diagnosis of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease, and for tailoring of long‐term therapy to individual patients. Endoscopy is an important adjunct to symptom assessment, but needs to be used sparingly and critically to be cost‐effective. Empirical therapy, with evaluation of symptom response, is a central management strategy that can minimize overall costs. In cases of diagnostic uncertainty, a 1–2‐week diagnostic/therapeutic test with high dose acid pump inhibitor is an emerging attractive alternative to oesophageal pH monitoring. Choice of therapy, and its subsequent adjustment to individual patients, should be made in the light of a now well‐defined hierarchy of efficacy, which is essentially the same for endoscopy‐negative and oesophagitis patients. Management strategies must acknowledge that gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disorder in the majority of oesophagitis and endoscopy‐negative patients. Management steps should identify the most cost‐effective long‐term treatment that gives adequate relief of symptoms and so corrects any symptom‐related impairment of quality of life. The strategies that are recommended are largely based on clinical trial outcomes. There is a need for formal clinical trials of management strategies as distinct from evaluations of specific therapies.
Review article: Intestinal epithelia and barrier functions
Authors: KRAEHENBUHL J‐P. , PRINGAULT E. , NEUTRA M. R. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe mucosal epithelia of the digestive tract acts as a selective barrier, permeable to ions, small molecules and macromolecules. These epithelial cells aid the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. They contribute to the protection against pathogens and undergo continuous cell renewal which facilitates the elimination of damaged cells.Both innate and adaptive defence mechanisms protect the gastrointestinal‐mucosal surfaces against pathogens. Interaction of microorganisms with epithelial cells triggers a host response by activating specific transcription factors which control the expression of chemokines and cytokines. This host response is characterized by the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils at the site of infection. Disruption of epithelial signalling pathways that recruit migratory immune cells results in a chronic inflammatory response. The adaptive defence mechanism relies on the collaboration of epithelial cells (resident sampling system) with antigen‐presenting and lymphoid cells (migratory sampling system); in order to obtain samples of foreign antigen, these samples must be transported across the barriers without affecting the integrity of the barrier. These sampling systems are regulated by both environmental and host factors. Fates of the antigen may differ depending on the way in which they cross the epithelial barrier, i.e. via interaction with motile dendritic cells or epithelial M cells in the follicle‐associated epithelium.
Review article: Pathobiology of neutrophil interactions with intestinal epithelia
Authors: MADARA J. L. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYNeutrophil‐epithelial interactions were modelled using polarized T84 cells and ligands were identified through observations of β2‐integrin dependence in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Interactions between neutrophils and the apical membrane of crypt cells were analysed using HPLC and an in vitro model with T84 monolayers colonized by Salmonella typhimurium was used to assess neutrophil movement across the epithelium.The decline in transepithelial resistance following movement of neutrophils across the epithelial monolayer may have been due to an interaction between neutrophils and ligand ICAM‐1 in which the neutrophils move along the paracellular pathway of epithelial cells. Cell surface polarity may influence these neutrophil‐epithelial interactions which influence Cl secretion.These studies revealed that only strains produced in vivo were able to induce neutrophil transmigration in the in vitro model and may be indicative of new progressive therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
Review article: Effector role of epithelia in inflammation — interaction with bacteria
Authors: HECHT G. , SAVKOVIC S. D. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe common response to infection is infiltration of the affected tissue by inflammatory cells. It is now recognized that the epithelium plays a crucial role in this immunological process by producing an array of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐8, tumour necrosis factor‐α, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, granulocytemacrophage colony‐stimulating factor, extractable nuclear antigen‐78 and others. The response of the intestinal epithelium to bacterial pathogens is particularly intriguing because it is literally bathed by normal bacterial flora and bacterial components/products yet remains immunologically quiescent despite this potentially hostile environment. In contrast, when challenged by bacterial pathogens, intestinal epithelial cells exhibit a vigorous immunological response. Our laboratory has, therefore, focused on the immune response of intestinal epithelial cells when confronted by a specific bacterial pathogen, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
Review article: In vitromodels in inflammatory bowel disease research—a critical review
Authors: MCKAY D. M. , PHILPOTT D. J. , PERDUE M. H. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYResearch efforts in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been directed towards the epithelium as it has become clear that epithelial cells play a critical role in inflammatory response. Most research involving IBD employsin vitrotechniques.In vitroepithelial cell studies have played and are continuing to play a major role in providing specific information relevant to IBD. Thus, such studies have provided irrefutable evidence that epithelial responses can be induced by microbes/microbial products and by immune activation. Culture experiments have provided insights into the effects of individual cytokines and other inflammatory mediators on epithelial pathophysiology, injury and repair, apoptosis, necrosis, and other processes that may be involved in IBD. Activated epithelial cells can participate in and even orchestrate immune responses, by stimulating T cells (and possibly others) and by producing cytokines that recruit specific inflammatory cells. Physiological regulation of epithelial tight junctions has been demonstrated byin vitrostudies; the implication of this information for treating IBD is just beginning to be explored. It is becoming increasingly clear that epithelial processing and presentation of antigens is critical to the outcome of the immune response.
Review article: Drug development in inflammatory bowel disease: budesonide—a model of targeted therapy
Authors: HAMEDANI R. , FELDMAN R. D. , FEAGAN B. G. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYThe use of non‐specific anti‐inflammatory drugs such as the glucocorticoids is the foundation of medical therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Although conventional steroid drugs are highly effective, their use is associated with the adverse effects of Cushing's syndrome.However, the therapeutic index of these drugs can be improved by chemical modification of the steroid nucleus and the use of new drug delivery systems that target the bowel wall as the pharmacokinetic compartment of interest. Budesonide is a novel glucocorticoid compound that illustrates the potential of this approach to identify effective and safe new treatments. Regional therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is an important pharmacological concept for the future development of the new glucocorticoids and other classes of drugs.
Review article: Targeted drug delivery in treatment of intestinal diseases
Authors: WIKBERG M. , ULMIUS J. , RAGNARSSON G. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYTopical therapy within the treatment of intestinal diseases presents realistic formulation challenges for targeted drug delivery. Some relevant oral formulation concepts are reviewed. The basic principles employed are, based mainly on differences in pH and metabolic activity between the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. A successful example of targeted drug delivery within the treatment of Crohn's disease is presented. Topical therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis is also discussed. Physiological variations and influence of the disease and disease status present major challenges when deciding upon a suitable formulation principle.
REVIEW: The identification of priority policy options for UK nature conservation
Authors: Sutherland William J. , Albon Steve D. , Allison Hilary , Armstrong‐Brown Sue , Bailey Mark J. , Brereton Tom , Boyd Ian L. , Carey Peter , Edwards Joan , Gill Maggie , Hill David , Hodge Ian , Hunt Alexander J. , Le Quesne Will J. F. , Macdonald David W. , Mee Laurence D. , Mitchell Roger , Norman Tim , Owen Roger P. , Parker David , Prior Stephanie V. , Pullin Andrew S. , Rands Michael R. W. , Redpath Steve , Spencer Jonathan , Spray Chris J. , Thomas Chris D. , Tucker Graham M. , Watkinson Andrew R. , Clements Andy 
Published: September 2010

Summary 1. The conservation of biodiversity depends upon both policy and regulatory frameworks. Here, we identify priority policy developments that would support conservation in the UK in the light of technological developments, changes in knowledge or environmental change. 2. A team of seven representatives from governmental organizations, 17 from non‐governmental organizations and six academics provided an assessment of the priority issues. The representatives consulted widely and identified a long‐list of 117 issues. 3. Following voting and discussion during a 2‐day meeting, these were reduced to a final list of 25 issues and their potential policy options and research needs were identified. Many of the policies related to recent changes in approaches to conservation, such as increased interest in ecosystem services, adaptation to climate change and landscape ecology. 4. We anticipate that this paper will be useful for policy makers, nature conservation delivery agencies, the research community and conservation policy advocates. 5. Although many of the options have global significance, we suggest that other countries consider an equivalent exercise. We recommend that such an exercise be carried out in the UK at regular intervals, say every 5 years, to explore how biodiversity conservation can best be supported by linked policy development and research in a changing world. 6. Synthesis and applications. Opportunities for policy development were prioritized and for each of the top 25 we identified the current context, policy options and research questions. These largely addressed new issues relating to developing topics such as ecosystem services, landscape planning and nanotechnology. We envisage that this will largely be used by researchers wishing to make a contribution to potential policy debates.
Depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Southern Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiung‐Yu , Chi Shu‐Ching , Sousa Valmi D , Wang Chao‐Ping , Pan Kuei‐Ching 
Published: September 2010

Aims.  To examine the relationships between depression, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and quality of life in Taiwanese adults from a cardiovascular department of a major hospital in Taiwan.Background.  Research suggests associations between depression, metabolic syndrome and quality of life. Despite this fact, few studies have investigated these relationships among Taiwanese.Design.  A cross‐sectional descriptive correlational design was used to conduct this study.Methods.  A convenience sample of 140 adults participated in the study. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlations, hierarchical regression and t‐tests.Results.  Almost a half of the subjects (46·5%) had metabolic syndrome. The most common combination of metabolic syndrome criteria was elevated blood glucose, central obesity and high blood pressure (23·7%). A greater number of individuals had coronary artery disease (72·9%), type 2 diabetes (35%) and/or depression (21·4%). Type 2 diabetes and depression were significant predictors of overall quality of life (β = −0·16, p < 0·01 and β = −0·63, p < 0·001, respectively). In addition, there were significant differences between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and/or depression regarding overall quality of life scores; t (138) = 3·50, p < 0·01); and t (138) = 7·80, p < 0·001), respectively.Conclusions.  Coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and depression were common among our sample of individuals with metabolic syndrome. Those with diabetes and/or depression had worse quality of life than those without those diseases.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses need to be prepared to assess and intervene in preventing or treating depression among patients with chronic diseases, especially those with coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. When individuals are treated for depression, they are more likely to engage in self‐management of their diseases, which will prevent complications and improve their quality of life.
Reliability and validity of Turkish version of the Individualised Care Scale
Authors: Acaroglu Rengin , Suhonen Riitta , Sendir Merdiye , Kaya Hatice 
Published: September 2010

Aims.  To validate an English version of the Individualised Care Scale for use with a Turkish population and evaluate its validity and reliability.Background.  Studies about the evaluation of nursing care from the patients’ perspective are becoming more important. No valid and reliable instruments are available in Turkey for evaluating individualised care from the patients’ perspective.Design.  Cross‐sectional survey design.Methods.  Standard forward‐back translation techniques were used to obtain semantic equivalence of the Individualised Care Scale. An expert panel considered the translations and provided content validation. A convenience sample of 120 predischarged patients participated in a survey conducted on neurosurgical and orthopaedic wards in a university hospital in Istanbul 2006. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and item analysis established the internal consistency and factor analysis the construct validity of the Individualised Care Scale.Results.  Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0·92 for Individualised Care Scale‐A and 0·93 for Individualised Care Scale‐B. A principal component analysis supported the construct validity by generating a three‐factor solution, which accounted for 65% of the variance in the Individualised Care Scale‐A and 62% in the Individualised Care Scale‐B. Pearson’s correlation coefficients in this data were at least 0·84 between the sub‐scales and the total domain Individualised Care Scale‐A or Individualised Care Scale‐B.Conclusion.  The Turkish version of the Individualised Care Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring patients’ evaluations of individualised care. The results of this study provide cross‐cultural evidence for the usefulness of the Individualised Care Scale.Relevance to clinical practice.  The information obtained by the Individualised Care Scale will help nurses to identify areas where developmental work could be undertaken to provide individualised care.
When it is too hot for photosynthesis: heat‐induced instability of photosynthesis in relation to respiratory burst, cell permeability changes and H2O2 formation
Authors: HÜVE KATJA , BICHELE IRINA , RASULOV BAHTIJOR , NIINEMETS ÜLO 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTPhotosynthesis rate (An) becomes unstable above a threshold temperature, and the recovery upon return to low temperature varies because of reasons not fully understood. We investigated responses of An, dark respiration and chlorophyll fluorescence to supraoptimal temperatures of varying duration and kinetics in Phaseolus vulgaris asking whether the instability of photosynthesis under severe heat stress is associated with cellular damage. Cellular damage was assessed by Evans blue penetration (enhanced membrane permeability) and by H2O2 generation [3,3′‐diaminobenzidine 4HCl (DAB)‐staining]. Critical temperature for dark fluorescence (F0) rise (TF) was at 46–48 °C, and a burst of respiration was observed near TF. However, An was strongly inhibited already before TF was reached. Membrane permeability increased with temperature according to a switch‐type response, with enhanced permeability observed above 48 °C. Experiments with varying heat pulse lengths and intensities underscored the threshold‐type loss of photosynthetic function, and indicated that the degree of photosynthetic deterioration and cellular damage depended on accumulated heat‐dose. Beyond the ‘point of no return’, propagation of cellular damage and reduction of photosynthesis continued upon transfer to lower temperatures and photosynthetic recovery was slow or absent. We conclude that instability of photosynthesis under severe heat stress is associated with time‐dependent propagation of cellular lesions.
GA2LEN/EAACI pocket guide for allergen‐specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Zuberbier T. , Bachert C. , Bousquet P. J. , Passalacqua G. , Walter Canonica G. , Merk H. , Worm M. , Wahn U. , Bousquet J. 
Published: September 2010

To cite this article: Zuberbier T, Bachert C, Bousquet PJ, Passalacqua G, Walter Canonica G, Merk H, Worm M, Wahn U, Bousquet J. GA2LEN/EAACI pocket guide for allergen‐specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy 2010; 65: 1525–1530.AbstractThis pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached during several GA2LEN and EAACI meetings. The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of immunotherapy in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions of practitioners in Europe, including ‘practising allergists’, general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in allergen‐specific immunotherapy (SIT). It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in‐depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1998 EAACI position paper, the 1998 WHO Position Paper on SIT and the 2001 Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). It is also based on the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA2LEN), the ‘Sub‐lingual Immunotherapy: WAO Position Paper 2009’ (from the World Allergy Organisation) and the Methodology paper of ARIA. The recommendations cover patient selection, allergen extract to be used, route of administration of SIT (in particular, sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy), and necessary precautions to be followed in using SIT.
Cutaneous infection by Phomopsis longicolla in a renal transplant recipient from Guinea: first report of human infection by this fungus
Authors: Garcia‐Reyne A. , López‐Medrano F. , Morales J.M. , García Esteban C. , Martín I. , Eraña I. , Meije Y. , Lalueza A. , Alastruey‐Izquierdo A. , Rodríguez‐Tudela J.L. , Aguado J.M. 
Published: September 2010

A. Garcia‐Reyne, F. López‐Medrano, J.M. Morales, C. García Esteban, I. Martín, I. Eraña, Y. Meije, A. Lalueza, A. Alastruey‐Izquierdo, J.L. Rodríguez‐Tudela, J.M. Aguado. Cutaneous infection by Phomopsis longicolla in a renal transplant recipient from Guinea: first report of human infection by this fungus. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 204–207. All rights reservedAbstract: We report the case of a 72‐year‐old female renal transplant recipient with a nodular lesion in the distal phalange of the third left finger produced by a dematiaceous fungus that was identified as Phomopsis longicolla. She was treated with itraconazole and terbinafine and later with voriconazole, without response. The patient underwent a surgical resection with lesion‐free edge and continued on voriconazole. One year later she was asymptomatic and had not developed new lesions.
Mating compatibility among Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations from three different origins
Authors: Sookar P. , Haq I. , Jessup A. , McInnis D. , Franz G. , Wornoayporn V. , Permalloo S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDistinct host ranges of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), have been reported among different island populations, suggesting significant genetic divergence. Thus, for the application of the sterile insect technique (SIT), it is important to ensure that released flies are sexually fully compatible with each other and with the laboratory strains. Mating tests among the following strains of the melon fly, B. cucurbitae: Mauritius laboratory‐adapted (35 generations), Seychelles laboratory‐adapted (24 generations), and Hawaii genetic sexing strain (90 generations), were conducted in field cages at the FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria during the months of August/September 2009. The genetic sexing strain, developed in Hawaii in 2001, allows separation of females and males on the basis of pupal colour. Two separate series of trials were run simultaneously. In the first, melon fly females from Mauritius were the target strain and the competing males were from Mauritius, Seychelles, and Hawaii (GSS). In the second trial, melon fly females from the Seychelles selected among competing males from the same three populations. Sexual activity was similar among the melon fly populations and no significant non‐random, assortative mating was observed. Therefore, it is suggested that melon flies from Mauritius, Seychelles and the Hawaii are compatible, at least under semi‐natural conditions.