bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient temperature impacts on pH of exhaled breath condensate
Authors: KOCZULLA Andreas R. , NOESKE Sarah , HERR Christian , DETTE Frank , PINKENBURG Olaf , SCHMID Severin , JÖRRES Rudolf A. , VOGELMEIER Claus , BALS Robert 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is a non‐invasive method to study airway inflammation. Low pH is correlated with inflammatory diseases like asthma and COPD. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of measurement temperature on pH values of EBC.Methods:  EBC was collected using the RTube in 10 healthy non‐smoking controls, 10 smokers before and after cigarette smoking, 10 stable COPD patients and 10 patients with exacerbated COPD. pH was determined directly after degassing at temperatures of 23°C and 37°C.Results:  When comparing all groups pH was significantly (P = 0.0002) higher (mean ± SD 7.88 ± 0.92) at 37°C as compared with 23°C (7.44 ± 0.90). Specifically, at 23°C pH was significantly lower in the group of exacerbated COPD (6.78 ± 1.27) and healthy non‐smoking controls (8.04 ± 0.39). In contrast, subgroup analysis of values assessed at 37°C did not display significant differences.Conclusions:  Our data indicate a considerable influence of temperature on pH values in EBC. Thus the temperature at which pH measurements in EBC studies are performed should be declared.
Sleep hypoventilation due to increased nocturnal oxygen flow in hypercapnic COPD patients
Authors: SAMOLSKI Daniel , TÁRREGA Julia , ANTÓN Antonio , MAYOS Mercedes , MARTÍ Sergi , FARRERO Eva , GÜELL Rosa 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Several COPD treatment guidelines recommend increasing oxygen flow during sleep to avoid nocturnal desaturation. However, such an increase could have deleterious clinical and gas exchange effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate short‐term gas exchange alterations produced by increasing the nocturnal oxygen flow rate.Methods:  Thirty‐eight COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure were evaluated. In a cross‐over study, patients were randomly assigned to receive the daytime oxygen flow rate on one night and an additional litre on the alternate night. Nocturnal pulse oximetry and arterial blood gases at awakening were measured, in each patient, on two consecutive days.Results:  The administration of 1 L more oxygen during the night resulted in improved parameters of nocturnal oxygenation (oxygen pulse oximetry saturation—SpO2; percentage of sleep time spent at SpO2 < 90%—CT90; PaO2 at awakening). Nevertheless, such an increase in oxygen flow during the night was also associated with greater hypercapnia and acidosis (p < 0.05) the next morning.Conclusions:  The increase of oxygen flow in severe COPD patients with established daytime hypercapnia improved nocturnal oxygenation but it also led to greater hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis at awakening in a considerable proportion of these patients.
Leaf miners: The hidden herbivores
Authors: SINCLAIR ROBYN JEAN , HUGHES LESLEY 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLeaf mining is a form of endophagous herbivory in which insect larvae live and feed within leaf tissue. In this review we discuss aspects of leaf miner ecology, and the current evidence for three hypotheses relating to the evolution of this feeding guild. We also present a summary of the literature coverage relating to these herbivores, which have been relatively poorly studied compared with insects that feed externally such as sap suckers and leaf chewers. The majority of published studies concern leaf miners from the northern hemisphere, with a general focus on those species considered to be agricultural, forestry or horticultural pests. In a more detailed case study, we examine aspects of leaf miner ecology of Australian species. At least 114 species have been recorded as leaf miners in Australia in four orders: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. Lepidoptera and Diptera are the most speciose orders of Australian leaf miners; Hymenoptera are represented by a single endemic genus and half of all coleopteran miners are species introduced for biological control. Both the known number of leaf‐mining species in Australia and the known number of hosts have increased in recent years following new targeted surveys. Leaf miners in Australia occur in many habitats and feed on a wide variety of host plants in at least 60 families although most individual species are monophagous. Although much of the research on leaf miners in Australia has focused on species that are commercially important pests or biological control agents, studies on fundamental aspects of leaf miner ecology are increasing. We identify a number of research questions aimed at better understanding the ecology of leaf miners in Australia and elsewhere.
Short‐term differences in animal assemblages in patches formed by loss and growth of habitat
Authors: MACREADIE PETER I. , CONNOLLY ROD M. , KEOUGH MICHAEL J. , JENKINS GREGORY P. , HINDELL JEREMY S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEcological theory predicts that habitat growth and loss will have different effects on community structure, even if they produce patches of the same size. Despite this, studies on the effects of patchiness are often performed without prior knowledge of the processes responsible for the patchiness. We manipulated artificial seagrass habitat in temperate Australia to test whether fish and crustacean assemblages differed between habitats that formed via habitat loss and habitat growth. Habitat loss treatments (originally 16 m2) and habitat growth treatments (originally 0 m2) were manipulated over 1 week until each reached a final patch size of 4 m2. At this size, each was compared through time (0–14 days after manipulation) with control patches (4 m2 throughout the experiment). Assemblages differed significantly among treatments at 0 and 1 day after manipulation, with differences between growth and loss treatments contributing to most of the dissimilarity. Immediately after the final manipulation, total abundance in habitat loss treatments was 46% and 62% higher than controls and habitat growth treatments, respectively, which suggests that animals crowded into patches after habitat loss. In contrast to terrestrial systems, crowding effects were brief (≤1 day), signifying high connectivity in marine systems. Growth treatments were no different to controls, despite the lower probability of animals encountering patches during the growth phase. Our study shows that habitat growth and loss can cause short‐term differences in animal abundance and assemblage structure, even if they produce patches of the same size.
Response of fauna in seagrass to habitat edges, patch attributes and hydrodynamics
Authors: MURPHY HANNAH M. , JENKINS GREGORY P. , HINDELL JEREMY S. , CONNOLLY ROD M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study has investigated the taxon‐specific responses of fauna to patch edges, and how these relate to patch attributes (patch size, seagrass biomass and water depth), and hydrodynamics in the seagrass habitat. Faunal abundances were sampled at the edge, 2 m in from the edge, and in the middle of 10 seagrass patches of variable size in Port Phillip Bay, Australia. Five of nine taxa showed edge effects. There were higher abundances at the edge compared with the middle for porcellid harpacticoids, and an increase in abundance from the edge to the middle of the patches for tanaids and isopods. For caprellid and gammarid amphipods, the edge effect varied across patches. Changes in current within the patch and patch size were related to the variability in the edge effect pattern of caprellids. None of the measured environmental variables (seagrass biomass, current and water depth) or patch size had a role in the variable edge effect pattern of gammarid amphipods. At the patch level, the distribution of six of nine taxa in this study, namely isopods, polychaetes, ‘other harpacticoids’, porcellid harpacticoids, cumaceans and gammarid amphipods, was related to differences in average water depth, average seagrass biomass and patch size. Our study indicates that the faunal response to edges cannot be generalized across seagrass habitat, and the implications of habitat area loss will vary depending on the taxon under consideration.
Phenology, ontogeny and the effects of climate change on the timing of species interactions
Authors: Yang Louie H. , Rudolf V. H. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractClimate change is altering the phenology of many species and the timing of their interactions with other species, but the impacts of these phenological shifts on species interactions remain unclear. Classical approaches to the study of phenology have typically documented changes in the timing of single life‐history events, while phenological shifts affect many interactions over entire life histories. In this study, we suggest an approach that integrates the phenology and ontogeny of species interactions with a fitness landscape to provide a common mechanistic framework for investigating phenological shifts. We suggest that this ontogeny–phenology landscape provides a flexible method to document changes in the relative phenologies of interacting species, examine the causes of these phenological shifts, and estimate their consequences for interacting species. Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1–10
Refuge‐mediated apparent competition in plant–consumer interactions
Authors: Orrock John L. , Holt Robert D. , Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAt the intersection of consumer behaviour and plant competition is the concept of refuge‐mediated apparent competition: an indirect interaction whereby plants provide a refuge for a shared consumer, subsequently increasing consumer pressure on another plant species. Here, we use a simple model and empirical examples to develop and illustrate the concept of refuge‐mediated apparent competition. We find that the likelihood that an inferior competitor will succeed via refuge‐mediated apparent competition is greater when competitors have similar resource requirements and when consumers exhibit a strong response to the refuge and high attack rates on the superior competitor. Refuge‐mediated apparent competition may create an emergent Allee effect, such that a species invades only if it is sufficiently abundant to alter consumer impact on resident species. This indirect interaction may help explain unresolved patterns observed in biological invasion, such as the different physical structure of invasive exotic plants, the lag phase, and the failure of restoration efforts. Given the ubiquity of refuge‐seeking behaviour by consumers and the ability of consumers to alter the outcome of direct competition among plants, refuge‐mediated apparent competition may be an underappreciated mechanism affecting the composition and diversity of plant communities.Ecology Letters(2010) 13: 11–20
Transporter genes expressed by coastal bacterioplankton in response to dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Poretsky Rachel S. , Sun Shulei , Mou Xiaozhen , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: November 2009

SummaryCoastal ocean bacterioplankton control the flow of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial and oceanic sources into the marine food web, and regulate the release of inorganic carbon to atmospheric and offshore reservoirs. While the fate of the chemically complex coastal DOC reservoir has long been recognized as a critical feature of the global carbon budget, it has been problematic to identify both the compounds that serve as major conduits for carbon flux and the roles of individual bacterioplankton taxa in mediating that flux. Here we analyse random libraries of expressed genes from a coastal bacterial community to identify sequences representing DOC‐transporting proteins. Predicted substrates of expressed transporter genes indicated that carboxylic acids, compatible solutes, polyamines and lipids may be key components of the biologically labile DOC pool in coastal waters, in addition to canonical bacterial substrates such as amino acids, oligopeptides and carbohydrates. Half of the expressed DOC transporter sequences in this coastal ocean appeared to originate from just eight taxa: Roseobacter, SAR11, Flavobacteriales and five orders of γ‐Proteobacteria. While all major taxa expressed transporter genes for some DOC components (e.g. amino acids), there were indications of specialization within the bacterioplankton community for others (e.g. carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and polyamines). Experimental manipulations of the natural DOC pool that increased the concentration of phytoplankton‐ or vascular plant‐derived compounds invoked a readily measured response in bacterial transporter gene expression. This highly resolved view of the potential for carbon flux into heterotrophic bacterioplankton cells identifies possible bioreactive components of the coastal DOC pool and highlights differing ecological roles in carbon turnover for the resident bacterial taxa.
Differential expression of multiple terminal oxidases for aerobic respiration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kawakami Takuro , Kuroki Miho , Ishii Masaharu , Igarashi Yasuo , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2009

Summary Pseudomonas aeruginosa has five terminal oxidases for aerobic respiration. Two of them, the bo3 oxidase (Cyo) and the cyanide‐insensitive oxidase (CIO), are quinol oxidases and the other three, the cbb3‐1 oxidase (Cbb3‐1), the cbb3‐2 oxidase (Cbb3‐2) and the aa3 oxidase (Aa3), are cytochrome c oxidases. The expression pattern of the genes for these terminal oxidases under various growth conditions was investigated by using lacZ transcriptional fusions and some novel regulatory issues were found. The Aa3 genes were induced under starvation conditions. The Cyo genes were induced by exposure to the nitric oxide‐generating reagent S‐nitrosoglutathione. The CIO genes were induced by exposure to sodium nitroprusside as well as cyanide. The stationary phase sigma factor RpoS was found to be involved in the expression of the Aa3 and CIO genes. The role of two redox‐responsive transcriptional regulators, ANR and RoxSR, was investigated using the anr and roxSR mutant strains. The ANR was involved in the repression of the CIO genes and induction of the Cbb3‐2 genes. The other three terminal oxidase genes were not significantly regulated by ANR. On the other hand, all five terminal oxidase genes were shown to be directly or indirectly regulated by RoxSR. The Aa3 genes were repressed but the genes for the other four enzymes were induced by RoxSR. The transcriptome data also showed that some respiration‐related genes were regulated by RoxSR, suggesting that this two‐component regulatory system plays an important role in the regulation of respiration in P. aeruginosa.
Entero‐urethroplasty for the salvage of bulbo‐membranous stricture disease or trauma
Authors: Mundy Anthony R. , Andrich Daniela E. 
Published: November 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo describe a salvage procedure for bulbo‐membranous stricture disease or trauma.PATIENTS AND METHODSOver a 10‐year period 11 patients with otherwise unsalvageable strictures of the bulbo‐membranous urethra or defects after trauma were treated by interposition of a tailored intestinal flap. An intestinal flap, on average 8 cm in length, was harvested from the ileum, the stomach, the right colon or (preferably) the sigmoid colon, and tailored to a calibre of 26–30 F. It was then sutured between the stump of the prostate and the distal bulbar or proximal pendulous urethra either following the normal perineal route for the urethra or a more direct route through a trench cut in the superior pubic ramus.RESULTSThree patients developed proximal anastomotic contractures requiring interval dilatation in one and revision in two. Two patients developed a stone in the gut segment one of which was removed traumatically causing irreparable damage to the neourethra. The results were otherwise satisfactory.CONCLUSIONFor an otherwise unsalvageable bulbo‐membranous stricture or defect, a tailored flap of intestine, preferably sigmoid colon, gives satisfactory results. Of the two potential routes for the neourethra, we have more experience with the normal route but the direct route has several advantages.
Simulation of equatorial wind field patterns with TAPM during the 1997 haze episode in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mahmud Mastura 
Published: November 2009

The large‐scale forest fires that occurred during the major El Niño event in 1997 can be counted among the worst environmental disasters in Southeast Asia. This study investigates atmospheric mesoscale features over Sumatra and the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia during the resultant haze episode of September 1997 utilizing a limited area mesoscale three‐dimensional meteorological and dispersion model, The Air Pollution Model (TAPM).Mesoscale features that would not be highlighted by global numerical prediction models, such as the daily land and sea breeze conditions at the selected air pollution stations located near the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, were predicted with an Index of Agreement of 0.3, which implied a moderate conformity between the predicted and observed values. Tracer analysis of air particles at a selected location in the Straits of Malacca verified the existence of the landward and shoreward movement of the air during the simulation of the low‐level wind field. Air pollutants from the burning areas of neighbouring Sumatra just across the straits were transported towards the Klang valley during the daytime and seawards during the nighttime, highlighting the recirculation features of aged and newer air particles over the seven days (13–18 September) of the model simulation. The presence of the central Main Range east of the Klang valley to a certain extent limited further eastward movement of the air particles. Near calm conditions at low levels were simulated from midnight to midday on 14 September, where the movement of the polluted air particles from the uncontrolled burning in Sumatra was confined within the Straits of Malacca. Turbulence within the planetary boundary layer in terms of the total kinetic energy was found to be weak from 14 to 15 September, congruent with the weak strength of low level winds that reduced the ability of the air to transport the pollutants during the period of severe smoke haze.Statistical evaluation showed that parameters such as the systematic RMSE (root mean square error) and unsystematic RMSE for the zonal wind component were slightly higher than for the meridional one, indicating higher errors between the observed and simulated zonal values. Otherwise, the equatorial meteorological parameters such as wind speed and temperature were successfully simulated by the model with comparatively high correlation coefficients, lower RMSEs and moderately high indices of agreement with observed values.
Participation in leisure activities by Arab adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community
Authors: Azaiza Faisal , Rimmerman Arie , Croitoru Tal , Naon Denise 
Published: November 2009

Azaiza F, Rimmerman A, Croitoru T, Naon D. Participation in leisure activities by Arab adults with intellectual disabilities living in the communityInt J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 97–103 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.The present research study examined factors affecting participation in leisure activities of Arab adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community, via the conceptual frame of the ICF (International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health). The research was based on a secondary analysis of data taken from a nationwide survey, thus being the first of its kind. The factors examined were bodily functions (health condition, physical functioning and cognitive functioning); activities (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living); participation in employment; and the environmental factor of service utilisation (N= 153). The findings reveal interesting patterns regarding the roles of physical functioning and cognitive functioning in participation in leisure activities. These findings are discussed in relation to previous findings and cultural characteristics with reference to socio‐economic disparities.
Soy sauce allergy
Authors: Sugiura K , Sugiura M 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Soy sauce is well‐known as a Japanese traditional seasoning, namely shoyu. Usually, shoyu means sauce made from soy. Shoyu does have not only benefits but also adverse effects. Soy sauce allergy which is not caused by soy or wheat allergy is rare.Patients  Our four patients developed cellulites and dermatitis around lips with irritation after a meal with shoyu. The age of the patients was 10, 35, 46 and 51 years; they were all female.Objectives  These inflammations can be developed by two causes; first it can be caused by allergic reactions to shoyu; the second, it can be caused by histamine poisoning. It is important to determine whether inflammation is caused by allergic reactions or histamine poisoning.Methods  We determined the volume of histamine in some sauces and performed prick test and laboratory tests.Results  Four patients had positive reactions by prick test after using some sauces. We suspected that histamine caused their symptoms, but nine normal volunteers had negative reactions. Patient’s specific IgE score to soy and wheat was class 0. The results showed that the sauce made from soybean and broad bean contained histamine, but histamine in other sauces was not detected.Conclusions  In this study, we confirmed by prick test, four cases of soy sauce allergy, which was caused by some products during brewing. When patients with inflammations around mouth, after a meal containing or using soy sauce, are examined, it should be considered whether dermatitis or cellulites were developed by allergic reaction or by histamine poisoning.
Comparison of Pumps and Oxygenators With Pulsatile and Nonpulsatile Modes in an Infant Cardiopulmonary Bypass Model
Authors: Haines Nikkole M. , Wang Shigang , Kunselman Allen , Myers John L. , Ündar Akif 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAs the evidence mounts in favor of pulsatile perfusion during CPB, it is necessary to investigate the effect of circuit components on the quality of pulsatility delivered throughout the circuit. We compared two bloodpumps, the Jostra HL‐20 heart‐lung machine and the MEDOS DELTASTREAM DP1 Bloodpump, and two oxygenators, the Capiox Baby RX05 and the MEDOS HILITE 800LT, in terms of mean arterial pressure, energy equivalent pressure, surplus hemodynamic energy, total hemodynamic energy, and pressure drop over the oxygenators using a blood analog. The pumps and oxygenators were combined in unique circuits and tested in nonpulsatile and pulsatile modes, at two flow rates (500 and 800 mL/min), and three rotational speed differentials when using the MEDOS DELTASTREAM DP1 Bloodpump for 144 trials in total. The Jostra Roller pump produced some pulsatility in nonpulsatile mode and better pulsatility in pulsatile mode than the MEDOS DP1 Bloodpump at a rotational speed differential of 2500 rpm, but not at 3500 or 4500 rpm. The MEDOS DP1 Bloodpump produced almost no pulsatility in nonpulsatile mode. Pressure drops over the Capiox Baby RX05 were markedly higher, at 92.5 ±  0.4 mm Hg with the MEDOS DP1 Bloodpump at 800 mL/min and 4500 rpm in pulsatile mode, than those of the MEDOS HILITE 800LT oxygenator, which was 67.0 ±  0.1 mm Hg at the same settings. These results suggest that careful selection of each circuit component, based on the individual clinical case and component specifics, are necessary to achieve the best quality of pulsatility.