bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Controlled‐Release System
Authors: Chen Xuecheng , Chen Hongmin , Tripisciano Carla , Jedrzejewska Anna , Rümmeli Mark H. , Klingeler Rüdiger , Kalenczuk Ryszard J. , Chu Paul K. , Borowiak‐Palen Ewa 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA stimuli‐responsive controlled‐release delivery system based on carbon nanotubes is demonstrated. Through TEM, FTIR spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric analysis, functional groups have been successfully attached to the open ends of the tubes, thereby enabling functionalized silica spheres to preferentially attach to the ends. This, in essence, plugs the ends of the tube. Controlling release of encapsulated materials within the tubes is illustrated by fluorescein‐filled carbon nanotubes. The discharge process can be triggered by exposure to 1,4‐dithiothreitol (DTT) or at elevated temperature. Moreover, both triggering systems, DTT and temperature, provide rate of release control through increased DTT concentration or temperature choice, respectively. This delivery system paves the way for the development of a new generation of site‐selective, controlled‐release, drug‐delivery systems, and interactive nanosensor devices.
Lewis Base Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Electron‐Deficient Chromone‐Derived Heterodienes and Acetylenes
Authors: Dückert Heiko , Khedkar Vivek , Waldmann Herbert , Kumar Kamal 
Published: March 2011

AbstractLewis base catalyzed [4+2] annulation reactions between electron‐deficient chromone oxa‐ and azadienes and acetylene carboxylates provide tricyclic benzopyrones inspired by natural products. An asymmetric synthesis of the tricyclic benzopyrones was developed by using modified cinchona alkaloids as enantiodifferentiating Lewis base catalysts.
Self‐regulative organization of the cytoskeleton
Authors: Huber Florian , Käs Josef 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDespite its impressive complexity the cytoskeleton succeeds to persistently organize itself and thus the cells' interior. In contrast to classical man‐made machines, much of the cellular organization originates from inherent self‐assembly and self‐organization allowing a high degree of autonomy for various functional units. Recent experimental and theoretical studies revealed numerous examples of cytoskeleton components that arrange and organize in a self‐regulative way. In the present review we want to shortly summarize some of the principle mechanisms that are able to inherently trigger and regulate the cytoskeleton organization. Although taken individually most of these regulative principles are rather simple with intuitively predictable consequences, combinations of two or more of these mechanisms can quickly give rise to very complex, unexpected behavior and might even be able to explain the formation of different functional units out of a common pool of available building blocks.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Chang Daniel T. , Swaminath Anand , Kozak Margaret , Weintraub Julie , Koong Albert C. , Kim John , Dinniwell Rob , Brierley James , Kavanagh Brian D. , Dawson Laura A. , Schefter Tracey E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study was undertaken to determine outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for colorectal liver metastases in a pooled patient cohort.METHODS:Patients with colorectal liver metastases from 3 institutions were included if they had 1 to 4 lesions, received 1 to 6 fractions of stereotactic body radiotherapy, and had radiologic imaging ≥3 months post‐treatment. Sixty‐five patients with 102 lesions treated from August 2003 to May 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. A tumor control probability (TCP) model was used to estimate the 3‐fraction dose required for >90% local control after converting the schedule into biologically equivalent dose (BED), single‐fraction equivalent dose, or linear quadratic model‐based single‐fraction dose.RESULTS:Forty‐seven (72%) patients had ≥1 chemotherapy regimen before stereotactic body radiotherapy, and 27 (42%) patients had ≥2 regimens. The median follow‐up was 1.2 years (range, 0.3‐5.2 years). The median dose was 42 gray (Gy; range, 22‐60 Gy). When evaluated separately by multivariate analysis, total dose (P = .0015), dose/fraction (P = .003), and BED (P = .004) all correlated with local control by lesion. On multivariate analysis, nonactive extrahepatic disease was associated with overall survival (OS; P = .046), and sustained local control was closely correlated (P = .06). By using single‐fraction equivalent dose, BED, or linear quadratic model‐based single‐fraction dose in the TCP model, the estimated dose range needed for 1‐year local control >90% is 46 to 52 Gy in 3 fractions.CONCLUSIONS:Liver stereotactic body radiotherapy is well tolerated and effective for colorectal liver metastases. The strong correlation between local control and OS supports controlling hepatic disease even for heavily pretreated patients. For a 3‐fraction regimen of stereotactic body radiotherapy, a prescription dose of ≥48 Gy should be considered, if normal tissue constraints allow. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The prognostic and staging implications of bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ebrahimi Ardalan , Murali Rajmohan , Gao Kan , Elliott Michael S. , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to determine whether bone invasion is an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after taking into account the extent of bone invasion.METHODS:The study was a retrospective review of 498 patients with oral SCC undergoing surgery with curative intent, 102 of whom had pathologically proven bone invasion. Bone invasion was categorized as absent, cortical, or medullary and tested for association with disease control and survival.RESULTS:After adjusting for potential confounding factors in multivariate analysis, there was no association between cortical invasion and overall (P = .48) or disease‐specific survival (P = .63). In contrast, medullary invasion was an independent predictor of reduced overall (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2‐3.1; P = .006) and disease‐specific survival (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2‐3.6; P = .01), and this appeared to result from an increased risk of distant metastatic failure (P = .037) rather than local (P = .51) or regional recurrence (P = .14). Within the subset of patients with medullary invasion, survival differed significantly according to tumor size (P = .029).CONCLUSIONS:Patients with oral SCC and bone invasion have widely variable outcomes depending on the depth of bone invasion and tumor size. The results suggest that the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, which classifies all tumors invading through cortical bone as T4, has limited prognostic utility. The authors recommend a revision of the T staging system such that tumors are classified as T1 to T3 based on size and then upstaged by 1 T stage in the presence of medullary bone invasion. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Neutrophil interactions with sialyl Lewis X on human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cells regulate invasive behavior
Authors: St. Hill Catherine A. , Krieser Katherine , Farooqui Mariya 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The carbohydrate sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) is expressed on leukocytes and carcinoma cells and binds to selectins during inflammatory processes and early metastasis. Synthesis of sLeX depends on activity of enzymes, including α(1,3/1,4) fucosyltransferase (FucT‐III). Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) up‐regulates FucT‐III, resulting in increased sLeX in the airways of patients with respiratory disease; however, the mechanisms that regulate sLeX in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment are not well understood.METHODS:The authors stably transfected human lung carcinoma cell lines with the FucT‐III gene and exposed them to TNF‐α to investigate its role in regulation of sLeX expression and selectin‐binding ability using semiquantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Cytokine expression was examined in transfected cells using chemiluminescent arrays and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and invasion was studied using Matrigel assays and alterations in morphology. Human lung tissue arrays were analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of sLeX and neutrophils.RESULTS:Stimulation of FucT‐III–transfected cells with recombinant human (rh) TNF‐α up‐regulated sLeX expression and increased E‐selectin binding. Transfected cells secreted high levels of interleukin 8, growth‐regulated oncogene‐α, and mast cell proteinase‐1. Cells exposed to rhTNF‐α, neutrophil‐conditioned media, and cultures with a 5:1 ratio of neutrophils to cancer cells had significantly increased sLeX expression and invasiveness and underwent nonadherent morphologic changes. In lung carcinomas, but not in normal lung tissues, 71% of tumors were highly positive for sLeX expression in areas of increased neutrophil infiltration.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that neutrophils may be recruited to areas of FucT‐III activity and sLeX expression in lung carcinomas to enhance the invasive and metastatic potential of lung cancer cells. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The role of [18F]‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose–positron emission tomography in thyroid nodules with indeterminate fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Vriens Dennis , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , van der Wilt Gert J. , Netea‐Maier Romana T. , Oyen Wim J. G. , de Geus‐Oei Lioe Fee 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIndeterminate results at fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules pose a clinical dilemma, because only 20% to 30% of patients suffer from malignancy. Previous studies suggested that the false‐negative ratio of [18F]‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is very low; therefore, it may help identify patients who would benefit from (hemi)thyroidectomy. A systematic literature search was performed in 5 databases. After assessment, the identified studies were analyzed for heterogeneity, and the extracted data of test characteristics were pooled using a random‐effects model. Threshold effects were examined, and publication bias was assessed. The query resulted in 239 records, of which 6 studies met predefined inclusion criteria. Data from 225 of the 241 described patients could be extracted. There was mild to moderate heterogeneity in study results (inconsistency index [I2] = 0.390‐0.867). The pooled prevalence of malignancy was 26%. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 95% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 86%‐99%), 48% (95% CI, 40%‐56%), 39% (95% CI, 31%‐47%), 96% (95% CI, 90%‐99%), and 60% (95% CI, 53%‐67%), respectively. Sensitivity increased to 100% for the 164 lesions that measured >15 mm in greatest dimension. There was no evidence of threshold effects or publication bias. A negative FDG‐PET scan in patients who had thyroid nodules >15 mm with indeterminate FNAB results excluded thyroid cancer in a pooled population of 225 patients. Conversely, a positive FDG‐PET result did not identify cancer, because approximately 50% of these patients had benign nodules. The authors concluded that the incorporation of FDG‐PET into the initial workup of such patients before surgery deserves further investigation. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society
A purpose‐based access control in native XML databases
Authors: Sun Lili , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYWith the growing importance of privacy in data access, much research has been done on the privacy protecting technology in the recent years. Developing an access control model and related mechanisms to support a selective access data has become important. The extensible markup language (XML) is rapidly emerging as the new standard language for semi‐structured data representation and exchange on the Internet with more and more information being distributed in XML format. In this paper, we present a comprehensive approach for privacy preserving access control based on the notion of purpose. In our model, purpose information associated with a given data element in an XML document specifies the intended use of the data elements. An important issue addressed in this paper is the granularity of data labeling for data elements in XML documents and tree databases with which purposes can be associated. We address this issue in native XML databases and propose different labeling schemes for XML documents. We also propose an approach to represent purpose information to support access control based on purpose information. Our proposed solution relies on usage access control models as well as the components that are based on the notions of the purpose information used in subjects and objects. Finally, comparisons with related works are analysed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel unmixing of remotely sensed hyperspectral images on commodity graphics processing units
Authors: Sánchez Sergio , Paz Abel , Martín Gabriel , Plaza Antonio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHyperspectral imaging instruments are capable of collecting hundreds of images, corresponding to different wavelength channels, for the same area on the surface of the Earth. One of the main problems in the analysis of hyperspectral data cubes is the presence of mixed pixels, which arise when the spatial resolution of the sensor is not enough to separate spectrally distinct materials. Hyperspectral unmixing is one of the most popular techniques to analyze hyperspectral data. It comprises two stages: (i) automatic identification of pure spectral signatures (endmembers) and (ii) estimation of the fractional abundance of each endmember in each pixel. The spectral unmixing process is quite expensive in computational terms, mainly due to the extremely high dimensionality of hyperspectral data cubes. Although this process maps nicely to high performance systems such as clusters of computers, these systems are generally expensive and difficult to adapt to real‐time data processing requirements introduced by several applications, such as wildland fire tracking, biological threat detection, monitoring of oil spills, and other types of chemical contamination. In this paper, we develop an implementation of the full hyperspectral unmixing chain on commodity graphics processing units (GPUs). The proposed methodology has been implemented, using the CUDA (compute device unified architecture), and tested on three different GPU architectures: NVidia Tesla C1060, NVidia GeForce GTX 275, and NVidia GeForce 9800 GX2, achieving near real‐time unmixing performance in some configurations tested when analyzing two different hyperspectral images, collected over the World Trade Center complex in New York City and the Cuprite mining district in Nevada. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Turnover in a Photocatalytic System for Water Reduction to Produce Hydrogen Using a Ru, Rh, Ru Photoinitiated Electron Collector
Authors: Arachchige Shamindri M. , Shaw Ryan , White Travis A. , Shenoy Vimal , Tsui Hei‐Man , Brewer Karen J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCovalent coupling of RuII light absorbers to a RhIII electron collecting site through polyazine bridging ligands affords photocatalytic production of H2 in the presence of visible light and a sacrificial electron donor. A robust photocatalytic system displaying a high turnover of the photocatalyst has been developed using the photoinitiated electron collector [{(bpy)2Ru(dpp)}2RhBr2]5+ (bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine; dpp=2,3‐bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine) and N,N‐dimethylaniline in DMF/H2O. Studies have shown that increased [DMA], the headspace volume, and the use of DMF solvent improves the systems performance and stability providing mechanistic insight into the deactivation routes of the photocatalytic system. Photolysis of the system at 460 nm generates 20 mL of H2 in 19.5 h with a maximum Φ=0.023 based on H2 produced and an overall Φ=0.014 and 280 turnovers of the photocatalyst. The photocatalytic system also displays long‐term photostability with 30 mL of H2 generated and 420 turnovers in 50 h under the same conditions. Prolonged photolysis provides 820 mol H2 per mole of catalyst.
Sunlight‐Assisted Fenton Reaction Catalyzed by Gold Supported on Diamond Nanoparticles as Pretreatment for Biological Degradation of Aqueous Phenol Solutions
Authors: Navalon Sergio , Martin Roberto , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGold nanoparticles supported on Fenton‐treated diamond nanoparticles (Au/DNPs) have been reported as one of the most efficient solid catalysts effecting the Fenton reaction, achieving a turnover number (TON) as high as 321 000. However, at room temperature the main limitation for the catalytic activity of Au/DNPs is the pH of the solution, which should be less than 5. In this paper, we report that exposure of Au/DNPs to sunlight enhances the catalytic activity of Au/DNPs up to the point that it can promote the Fenton reaction at room temperature even at slightly basic pH values. Also, in addition to performing a deep Fenton treatment and considering that the excess of H2O2 used in the process should be minimized, we have achieved in our study, using a mild Fenton reaction promoted by Au/DNPs under sunlight irradiation, an optimum in the biodegradability, a minimum in the ecotoxicity, and no toxicity for the Vibrio fischeri test. The results have shown that, by using an H2O2‐to‐phenol molar ratio of 5.5 or higher, it is possible to achieve a high biodegradability as well as a complete lack of ecotoxicity and of Vibrio fischeri toxicity. The stability of Au/DNPs was confirmed by analyzing the gold leached to the solution and by performing four consecutive reuses of the catalyst with initial pH values ranging from 4 to 8. It was observed that, after finishing the reaction and exhaustive washings with basic aqueous solutions, the initial reaction rate of the used catalyst is recovered to the value exhibited by the fresh solid. Overall, our study shows that the synergism between catalysis and photocatalysis can overcome the limitations found for dark catalytic reactions and that the reaction parameters can be optimized to effect mild Fenton reactions aimed at increasing biodegradability in biorecalcitrant waste waters.
Circulating lymphocyte subsets in normal adults are variable and can be clustered into subgroups
Authors: Sekiguchi Debora R. , Smith Sara B. , Sutter Jennifer A. , Goodman Noah G. , Propert Kathleen , Louzoun Yoram , Rogers Wade , Luning Prak Eline T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Flow cytometry is used to monitor lymphocyte subsets in both the clinical and research settings. An understanding of the degree of inter‐ and intrasubject variability of these populations is critical for data interpretation.Methods:Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 18 healthy adults were analyzed on two separate occasions using a multicolor flow cytometric panel with B, T, and NK cell markers. Variability was calculated using the coefficient of variation and compared between and within individuals using agglomerative clustering.Results:Each subject appears to have B and T cell subset profiles that are stable over the two time points, but differ from the profiles of other subjects. Thus, the range of measurements for a particular B or T cell subset is larger between subjects and narrower for an individual. In addition, the level of variability correlates inversely with the size of the lymphocyte subset. When lymphocyte profiles are analyzed by agglomerative clustering, replicate samples from the same individual tend to cluster. When single samples from different individuals are analyzed, individuals appear to cluster into different subgroups.Conclusions:Variability of lymphocyte subsets is usually greater between individuals than within a single individual and each person appears to have a characteristic profile of lymphocyte subsets. These results underscore the importance of obtaining a baseline value for each subject when investigating the impact of a treatment on lymphocyte subsets over time. These results also highlight the potential utility of cluster analysis as a tool for immune subset profiling and biomarker discovery. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Uterine adenosarcoma detected by conventional papanicolaou smear: A case report with emphasis on integrating the immunocytochemical staining
Authors: Lai Chiung‐Ru , Hsu Chih‐Yi , Li Anna Fen‐Yau 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAdenosarcoma is a rare uterine malignant tumor composed of benign to atypical epithelial element and a usually low‐grade sarcomatous component. Although it is well known histologically, its cytological features are rarely described in the literature. We report a case of uterine adenosarcoma being the first one that was accurately diagnosed before operation by the conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smear with emphasis on the contribution of the integrated immunocytochemical staining. A 46‐year‐old woman with abnormal vaginal bleeding and a protruding mass from her cervical os. Her Pap smear revealed: (a) presence of endometrial necrotic debris in the background, which indicated the presence of an endometrial lesion, (b) presence of both abnormal endometrial glandular cells (compact and tight clusters with slight hyperchromasia, increased nucleus/cytoplasm (N/C) ratio, apparent nucleoli and moderate vimentin stain) and abnormal stromal cells (loose aggregates of spindle to polygonal cells with hyperchromasia, increased N/C ratio and very strong vimentin staining). The characteristic degenerative necrotic debris indicating endometrial lesion plus the application of immunocytochemistry, which can increase the detection rate of endometrial lesion by the Pap smears. Awareness of the cytological findings of adenosarcoma can aid to make a correct preoperative diagnosis of this rare disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed alternation in adolescent and adult male and female rats
Authors: Koss Wendy A. , Franklin Andrew D. , Juraska Janice M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex continues to develop throughout adolescence in several species, and our laboratory has demonstrated that during adolescence there is a decrease in neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). A PFC‐dependent task, the delayed alternation task, was used in the present study to examine the function of the mPFC while it is still maturing in rats of both sexes. A deficit was found in adolescents when compared to adults during 15‐ and 60‐s delays but not at other delays (5, 10, 30, and 90 s). Furthermore, adolescents committed more perseverative errors. No significant sex differences occurred at any delay for either age group; however, in the no delay training sessions, adolescent males reached criterion faster than females. These results indicate that performance on a mPFC‐dependent task improves between adolescence and adulthood. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:724–731, 2011.