bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse population synthesis using a dynamical basis
Authors: Mateu Juan , Magris Gladis , Bruzual Gustavo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe introduce a new inverse population synthesis algorithm (DINBAS3D) which aims to recover the star formation and metallicity histories from galactic spectra. We investigate the use of a dynamical basis of three simple stellar population spectra that is specific for each galaxy. Our goal is to recover a robust star formation history that minimizes degeneracy effects which are very common in high resolution histories methods. In this work, we detail the method and present our findings when we apply DINBAS3D to synthetic spectra with known parameters, we compare our results with similar methods and find good agreement between them.
The expected photometrical characteristics of high redshift spiral galaxies
Authors: Mollá M. , García-Vargas M. , Martín-Manjón M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe star formation and the subsequent metallic enrichment of spiral galaxies, occurring at the early phases of their evolution, produce emission lines whose contribution may change the colors of these objects. We have computed this contribution with consistent chemo-spectro-photometrical theoretical models in order to calculate the variations in the colors evolution.
Star Formation in the LMC: Comparative CCD Observations of Young Stellar Populations in two Giant Molecular Clouds
Authors: Ruppert Jan , Zinnecker Hans 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis work deals with a CCD imaging study at optical and near-infrared wavelength of two giant molecular clouds (plus a control field) in the southern region of the Large Magellanic Cloud, one of which shows multiple signs of star formation, whereas the other does not. The observational data from VLT FORS2 (R-band) and NTT SOFI (Ks-band) have been analyzed to derive luminosity functions and color-magnitude diagrams. The young stellar content of these two giant molecular clouds is compared and confirmed to be different, in the sense that the apparently “starless” cloud has so far formed only low-luminosity, low-mass stars (fainter than mKs = 16.5 mag, not seen by 2MASS), while the other cloud has formed both faint low-mass and luminous high-mass stars. The surface density excess of low-luminosity stars (~ 2 per square arcmin) in the “starless” cloud with respect to the control field is about 20% whereas the excess is about a factor of 3 in the known star-forming cloud. The difference may be explained theoretically by the gravo-turbulent evolution of giant molecular clouds, one being younger and less centrally concentrated than the other.
What stellar populations can tell us about the evolution of the mass–metallicity relation in SDSS galaxies
Authors: Vale Asari N. , Stasińska G. , Cid Fernandes R. , Gomes J. M. , Schlickmann M. , Mateus A. , Schoenell W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDuring the last three decades, many papers have reported the existence of a luminosity metallicity or mass metallicity (M–Z) relation for all kinds of galaxies: The more massive galaxies are also the ones with more metal-rich interstellar medium. We have obtained the mass-metallicity relation at different lookback times for the same set of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), using the stellar metallicities estimated with our spectral synthesis code starlight. Using stellar metallicities has several advantages: We are free of the biases that affect the calibration of nebular metallicities; we can include in our study objects for which the nebular metallicity cannot be measured, such as AGN hosts and passive galaxies; we can probe metallicities at different epochs of a galaxy evolution.We have found that the M–Z relation steepens and spans a wider range in both mass and metallicity at higher redshifts for SDSS galaxies. We also have modeled the time evolution of stellar metallicity with a closed-box chemical evolution model, for galaxies of different types and masses. Our results suggest that the M–Z relation for galaxies with present-day stellar masses down to 1010M⊙ is mainly driven by the star formation history and not by inflows or outflows.
Synthetic Stellar libraries and SSP simulations in the Gaia Era
Authors: Vallenari Antonella , Sordo Rosanna , Tantalo Rosaria , Allard France , Blomme Ronny , Bouret Jean-Claud , Brott Ines , Fremat Yves , Martayan Christophe , Damerdji Yassine , Edvardsson Bengt , Josselin Eric , Plez Bertrand , Kochukhov Oleg , Kontizas Mary , Schweitzer Andreas , Zorec Jean , Tsalmantza Paraskevi , Munari Ulisse , Saguner Tenay 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Gaia mission will obtain accurate positions, parallaxes and proper motions for 109object all over the sky. In addition, it will collect low resolution spectroscopy in the optical range for ~109objects, stars, galaxies, and QSOs. Parameters of those objects are expected to be part of the final Catalog. Complete and up-to-date libraries of synthetic stellar spectra are needed to train the algorithms to classify this huge amount of data. Here we focus on the use of the synthetic libraries of spectra calculated by the Gaia community to derive grids of Single Stellar Populations as building blocks of population synthesis models.
Binary interactions and UV photometry on photometric redshift
Authors: Zhang F. , Li L. , Han Z. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing the Hyperz code (Bolzonella et al. 2000) we present photometric redshift estimates for a random sample of galaxies selected from the SDSS/DR7 and GALEX/DR4, for which spectroscopic redshifts are also available.We confirm that the inclusion of ultraviolet photometry improves the accuracy of photo-zs for those galaxies with g* – r* ≤ 0.7 and zspec ≤ 0.2. We also address the problem of how binary interactions can affect photo-z estimates, and find that their effect is negligible.
Mechanisms involved in the developmental programming of adulthood disease
Authors: Warner Matthew J. , Ozanne Susan E. 
Published: April 2010

There are many instances in life when the environment plays a critical role in the health outcomes of an individual, yet none more so than those experienced in fetal and neonatal life. One of the most detrimental environmental problems encountered during this critical growth period are changes in nutrition to the growing fetus and newborn. Disturbances in the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus can not only lead to adverse fetal growth patterns, but they have also been associated with the development of features of metabolic syndrome in adult life. This fetal response has been termed developmental programming or the developmental origins of health and disease. The present review focuses on the epidemiological studies that identified this association and the importance that animal models have played in studying this concept. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underpin the developmental programming of future disease. It also highlights (i) how developmental plasticity, although beneficial for short-term survival, can subsequently programme glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in adult life by eliciting changes in key organ structures and the epigenome, and (ii) how aberrant mitochondrial function can potentially lead to the development of Type 2 diabetes and other features of metabolic syndrome.
‘Policies Are Never Implemented, But Negotiated’: Analyzing Integration of Policies in Managing Water Resources in the Indian Himalayas Using a Bayesian Network
Authors: Saravanan V. S. , McDonald Geoffrey T. , Horen Basil van , Ip David 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
The paper contributes by analyzing nonlinear and complex integration of policies in framing a water management problem in a case study hamlet in the Indian Himalayas. It reveals that policies are never implemented, but integrated through the negotiation with other policies and socio-cultural settings in (re)shaping water resources management. It demonstrates the incremental and cumulative integration of policies that are formulated from different governance arrangements in (mis)managing water. In such a regime, the paper calls for statutory public actors to lay-out broad principles in their policy statements that allow multiple actors to debate and negotiate diverse alternatives in order to make the policy-making process integrative, adaptive, and dynamic.
Fiscal Balance: Environmental Taxes and Investments
Authors: Thampapillai Dodo J. , Xun Wu , Tan Seck L. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
In this paper we develop a simple framework in macroeconomics for evaluating environmental investments that bear national significance. The framework rests on the concept of fiscal balance and the premise that environmental taxes must be returned towards restoring and/or enhancing environmental capital investments. We further illustrate that traditional frameworks in macroeconomics are not capable of evaluating the social desirability of environmental investments owing to the absence of environmental variables in these frameworks. The framework developed here shows that the recognition of environmental capital depreciation in macroeconomics permits the differentiation between various environmental investments in terms of their environmental impacts. These impacts are measured in terms of the costs of abating pollutants associated with climate change. The framework and its application are illustrated with reference to environmental investments in Vietnam.
The New Forest Legislation in Russia: The Leaseholders' Attitudes
Authors: Torniainen Tatu J. , Mashkina Olga V. , Saastamoinen Olli J. , Petrov Vladimir N. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
The Russian forest sector has undergone significant institutional changes over its history. This is especially so during the last 15 years following market reforms including abolition of a central command economy. During this time the forest sector has performed poorly in comparison with other natural resource sectors in Russia. The problems were identified to be in the existing formal and informal institutions. In 2007, the new Forest Code was adopted and introduced several major changes in the formal institutional environment. The implementation of the Code constitutes a major challenge for the Russian forest policy. The perceptions and attitudes of the actors play a very important role in how the Code is going to be implemented. The role of these attitudes is analyzed by creating typologies of opinions towards the new Forest Code among the leaseholders in the Northwest Russian forest abundant regions, Karelia, Leningrad, and Archangel. Results indicate that differences in perceptions and attitudes may have different impacts on the law enforcement and further on the realization of forest policy.
Overcoming Obstacles to Collaborative Water Governance: Moving Toward Sustainability in New Zealand
Authors: Memon Ali , Weber Edward P. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTGiven that New Zealand has long been known as an innovative, effective leader in natural resource policy, the idea that a major region of the country is facing a water resource crisis will strike many as odd. Yet, much like the many areas of the world experiencing serious water resource management and allocation problems, current water use and development trends in Canterbury (South Island) since 1991 have resulted in the gradual depletion and overuse of key water resources. The regional governing authority, Environment Canterbury (ECAN), and many stakeholders recognize that the current top-down, hierarchical water resource policy and management initiatives are not working and are, in many instances, contributing to the very crisis they seek to avoid. Nor are they making headway toward their desired overarching goal of establishing a network of sustainable communities within the region. The research examines the daunting problem of water resource policy management in the Canterbury area, describes the many obstacles in the way of a collaborative approach to water resource sustainability, and uses lessons learned from the international literature on collaborative approaches to critically appraise the potential for the successful collaborative governance of water resources in the region, specifically for the purpose of engendering sustainable communities.
Technical Efficiency of Sawmilling and the Conservation of Natural Forests: Evidence from Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunatilake H. , Gopalakrishnan C. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
Existing policy instruments for conserving tropical forests have shown limited success. This paper investigates the feasibility of improving the technical efficiency of the wood processing industry as an alternative approach to forest conservation, using sawmills in Sri Lanka as a case study. Improved wood processing efficiency decreases the volume of raw material (logs) required to produce a given quantity of processed wood products and, therefore, decreases the pressure on forests lands. A stochastic frontier production function was estimated to assess the technical efficiency of sawmilling in Sri Lanka. Given the considerable inefficiency found in sawmilling operations, current sawn wood output can be obtained with 28% less inputs. Compared with other policy measures, technical efficiency improvement has a potential to play a noteworthy role in conserving natural forests.
Indirect effect of IGF2 intron3 g.3072G>A mutation on prolificacy in sows
Authors: Stinckens A. , Mathur P. , Janssens S. , Bruggeman V. , Onagbesan O. M. , Schroyen M. , Spincemaille G. , Decuypere E. , Georges M. , Buys N. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryA QTL located in the paternally expressed insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene is known to increase muscle growth and reduce fat deposition in pigs. This makes the QTL in IGF2 a good marker for use in pig breeding programmes. However, care has to be taken as it is postulated that increased leanness and lowered fat deposition may have a negative effect on the prolificacy and longevity of sows. Selection of sire and dam lines for different alleles of the mutation in the paternally imprinted IGF2 gene could actually provide a solution to this problem. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the IGF2 QTL on prolificacy‐related traits in sows was investigated. It was found that the paternal IGF2 wild‐type allele was associated with higher reproduction performance in the sow. Moreover, it was also examined whether the difference in prolificacy in sows could be a consequence of differential IGF2 expression in the ovarian follicles of the sow or whether it is mainly a secondary effect caused by differences in fatness traits. Therefore, IGF2 expression was measured in follicles of different sizes from sows with different genotypes for the paternal IGF2 allele. It was observed that, however, while the size of the follicles was associated with follicular IGF2 expression level, the IGF2 genotype was not. It could be concluded that the difference in prolificacy of sows with a different paternal IGF2 genotype could be a secondary effect, resulting from differences in fat deposition.
Risk of digoxin intoxication in heart failure patients exposed to digoxin–diuretic interactions: a population‐based study
Authors: Wang Meng‐Ting , Su Chen‐Yi , Chan Agnes L. F. , Lian Pei‐Wen , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Hsu Yu‐Juei 
Published: April 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Increased frequency of electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias among patients exposed to digoxin–diuretic interactions has been well‐documented in numerous descriptive studies.• Nonetheless, a clear causal relationship has not been established in these studies. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The risks of digoxin intoxication associated with use of digoxin in combination with any diuretic use, types of diuretics, combinations of diuretics, and individual diuretics were quantified using a population‐based nested case–control study design.• The combined therapy of digoxin with any diuretic is associated with a 3.08‐fold increase in the risk of digoxin intoxication.• Regarding diuretic class, the risk carried by loop diuretics is greater than that of thiazides or potassium–sparing diuretics, and the risk varies with different combinations of diuretic classes and individual diuretics.AIMSTo quantify the digoxin intoxication risk associated with exposure to digoxin–diuretic interactions, and evaluate whether the risk varies by diuretic type, individually or in combination.METHODSThis was a population‐based nested case–control study in which data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan were analysed.RESULTSThe study cohort comprised 154 058 heart failure (HF) patients taking digoxin between 2001 and 2004, in whom digoxin intoxication requiring a hospitalization (ICD‐9 code 972.1) occurred in 595 cases. A total of 28 243 matched controls were also selected for analysis. Cases were 3.08 times (adjusted OR 3.08, 95% CI 2.50, 3.79) more likely to have been prescribed diuretic medication in the previous month than controls. Regarding the class of diuretics, loop diuretics carried the greatest risk (adjusted OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.35, 3.75), followed by thiazides (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.70, 3.29) and potassium‐sparing diuretics (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.83, 3.56). The risk was also observed to vary with different combinations of diuretics, and the loops/thiazides/potassium‐sparing diuretics combination carried the greatest risk (adjusted OR 6.85, 95% CI 4.93, 9.53). Among the individual diuretics examined, hydrochlorothiazide carried the greatest risk (adjusted OR 4.63, 95% CI 2.50, 8.57).CONCLUSIONSThis study provided empirical evidence that digoxin–diuretic interactions increased the risk of hospitalization for digoxin intoxication in HF patients. The risk was particularly high for concomitant use of digoxin with a combination of loop diuretics, thiazide and potassium‐sparing diuretics. The combined use of digoxin and diuretics should be avoided if possible.
Host‐searching responses to herbivory‐associated chemical information and patch use depend on mating status of female solitary parasitoid wasps
Authors: KUGIMIYA SOICHI , SHIMODA TAKESHI , WAJNBERG ERIC , UEFUNE MASAYOSHI , TAKABAYASHI JUNJI 
Published: April 2010

1. In a tritrophic interaction system consisting of plants, herbivores, and their parasitoids, chemicals released from plants after herbivory are known to play important roles for many female parasitoids to find their hosts efficiently. On the plant side, chemical information associated with herbivory can act as an indirect defence by attracting the natural enemies of the host herbivores.2. However, mated and virgin females of haplodiploid parasitoids might not necessarily respond to such chemical cues in the same way. Since virgin females can produce only sons, they might refrain from searching for hosts to invest eggs until copulation, in order to produce both sexes.3. Here, we investigated differential host‐searching behaviours shown by mated and virgin females in the solitary parasitoid wasp,Cotesia vestalis, in response to herbivory‐associated chemical information from cruciferous plants infested by their host larvae,Plutella xylostella.4. Mated females showed a significantly higher flight preference for host‐infested plants over intact plants, while no preference was observed with virgin females. Mated females also showed more intensive antennal searching and ovipositor probing behaviours to leaf squares with wounds caused by hosts than did virgin females. Furthermore, mated females stayed longer in host patches with higher parasitism rates than virgin females.5. These results indicate that mating status ofC. vestalisfemales clearly influences their host‐searching behaviour in response to herbivory‐associated chemical information and patch exploitation. Female parasitoids seem to forage for hosts depending on their own physiological condition in a tritrophic system.
Vertical fracture resistance of roots after ultrasonic removal of fractured instruments
Authors: Madarati A. A. , Qualtrough A. J. E. , Watts D. C. 
Published: April 2010

Madarati AA, Qualtrough AJE, Watts DC. Vertical fracture resistance of roots after ultrasonic removal of fractured instruments. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 424–429, 2010.AbstractAims  To investigate ex vivo root resistance to vertical fracture after fractured instruments were ultrasonically removed from different locations in the root canal.Materials and methods Fifty‐three canine roots were weighed and divided into four groups. Eight roots served as a control group in which canals were instrumented to a size F5‐ProTaper instrument. In the experimental groups, F5‐ProTaper fragments were fractured in the coronal, middle and apical one‐thirds, and then removed ultrasonically. The time required for removal was recorded. Roots were reweighed, and canals were shaped to a size F5‐ProTaper and filled with GuttaFlow. After incubation, roots underwent a vertical fracture test in which the force at fracture was recorded. The difference in root mass before and after treatment (fractured file removal or canal preparation) was calculated. Data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney post‐hoc and regression tests at P < 0.05.Results  The highest root‐mass loss was recorded when fragments were removed from the apical one‐third (46.04 mg) followed by the middle and coronal (27.7 and 13.5 mg, respectively); these differences were significant (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the force required for vertical fracture amongst the experimental groups (P < 0.05) with the lowest mean force recorded in the apical‐third group (107.1 N) followed by the middle and coronal (152.6 and 283.3 N, respectively). The highest mean force was recorded in the control group (301.5 N) which was not significantly different from that in the coronal group (P = 1.00). A negative exponential correlation (r = 0.669) existed between the root‐mass loss and the force required to fracture the roots.Conclusion  Whilst removal of fractured instruments from the coronal one‐third of the root canal can be considered as a safe procedure, removal from deeper locations renders the root less resistant to vertical fracture.