bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of ethnicity and pathways to care in dementia
Authors: Mukadam Naaheed , Cooper Claudia , Livingston Gill 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore why people from minority ethnic (ME) groups with dementia present later to specialist diagnostic and therapeutic dementia services. We systematically reviewed the literature exploring how and why ME people with dementia present to specialist services.MethodWe included qualitative and quantitative studies that explored pathways to dementia specialist care in ME groups or determinants of whether ME people with dementia accessed specialist services. Included studies were independently evaluated for quality by two authors.ResultsWe found 3 quantitative and 10 qualitative papers meeting our inclusion criteria. Barriers to accessing specialist help for dementia included: not conceptualising dementia as an illness; believing dementia was a normal consequence of ageing; thinking dementia had spiritual, psychological, physical health or social causes; feeling that caring for the person with dementia was a personal or family responsibility; experiences of shame and stigma within the community; believing there was nothing that could be done to help; and negative experiences of healthcare services. Recognition of dementia as an illness and knowledge about dementia facilitated accessing help.ConclusionsThere are significant barriers to help seeking for dementia in ME groups. These may explain why people from ME groups often presented to therapeutic and diagnostic services at a late stage in their illness. Further study is needed to elucidate the role that ethnicity and culture play in the help‐seeking pathway for dementia, and to design and test interventions to improve equity of access to healthcare services. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cognitive profile and CSF biomarkers in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia
Authors: Andersson M. , Zetterberg H. , Minthon L. , Blennow K. , Londos E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) may be viewed as different points on a continuum reflecting the regional burden and distribution of pathology. An important clinical consideration is overlapping Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, since it has been reported that associated AD pathology in DLB shortens survival and leads to a more rapid cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and the associated cognitive profile in DLB and PDD.MethodsClinically diagnosed DLB (n = 47) and PDD (n = 17) patients from a clinical follow‐up programme were investigated. All performed mini mental state examination (MMSE) and went through lumbar puncture at baseline. CSF concentrations of total τ (T‐τ), τ phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P‐τ181) and the 42 amino acid isoform of amyloid β, Aβ42 were determined.ResultsWe found significant differences in T‐τ and Aβ42, with a higher level of T‐τ and a lower level of Aβ42 in DLB compared to PDD. The combination of T‐τ with Aβ42 showed better discrimination between DLB and PDD than either of the measures alone. In DLB, a CSF profile more like the one seen in AD was significantly correlated with worse performance on the orientation and memory of the MMSE.ConclusionThe correlation suggests a possible link between a higher degree of AD pathology and a profile of more temporal disabilities on cognitive tests in DLB. This might aid in identifying a subgroup of patients with a greater burden of AD pathology in a clinical setting and could have important implications for prognosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Syndromes and Consequences of Antiretroviral-Related Hepatotoxicity5, 1, 3
Authors: Núñez Marina 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-related hepatotoxicity complicates the management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), increases medical costs, alters the prescription patterns, and affects the guideline recommendations. Among the clinical consequences derived from HAART-related liver toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions and lactic acidosis are recognized as acute events with potential to evolve into fatal cases, whereas there seems to be other syndromes not as well characterized but of equal concern as possible long-term liver complications. Belonging to the latter category of syndrome, HAART-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia are discussed in this review. Updated information on liver toxicity of current antiretroviral drugs, including the most recently licensed, is provided. Management and prevention of liver toxicity among HIV-infected patients treated with HAART are reviewed as well.
Four New Terpenoids from Xylaria sp. 101
Authors: Li Yao‐Yao , Hu Zhi‐Yu , Lu Chun‐Hua , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne new diterpenoid, xylarenolide (1), and three new sesquiterpenoids, xylaranol A (2), xylaranol B (3), and xylaranic acid (4), were obtained from the fungal strain Xylaria sp. 101, which was isolated from the fruiting body of Xylaria sp. collected in Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Province. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, and by HR‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry. Their antimicrobial activities were evaluated.
Oncogenesis and classification of mixed‐type liposarcoma: A radiological, histopathological and molecular biological analysis
Authors: de Vreeze Ronald S.A. , de Jong Daphne , Koops Wim , Nederlof Petra M. , Ariaens Aafke , Haas Rick L. , van Coevorden Frits 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLiposarcomas are separated into clinicopathological entities with a characteristic morphological spectrum and mutually exclusive genetic alterations. Therefore, the rare occurrence of cases with combined patterns of well‐differentiated liposarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma designated as mixed‐type liposarcoma pose a conceptual problem. Moreover, this feature may have consequences for treatment choice and prognosis. Here, we have dissected the molecular relation of tumor components in cases of mixed‐type liposarcoma. On the basis of heterogeneous preoperative magnetic resonance image (MRI) features, eight cases of mixed‐type liposarcoma were selected. Preoperative biopsy samples and resection specimens were analyzed including molecular and immunohistochemical analysis on all components. As controls, cases with homogeneous MRI features and uniform aspects of myxoid liposarcoma (n = 5), round cell liposarcoma (n = 5) and well‐differentiated liposarcoma (n = 5) were studied. All patients with heterogeneous MRI features showed morphological components of myxoid liposarcoma and well‐differentiated liposarcoma. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed FUS‐DDIT3 fusion in both components in five of eight cases in the absence (zero of five) of MDM2 and CDK4 amplification. In three of eight patients, MDM2 and/or CDK4 were overexpressed, and amplification was shown by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in the absence of myxoid liposarcoma translocations. All control patients showed a molecular pattern consistent with their morphological features. Therefore, mixed‐type liposarcomas should not be regarded as collision tumors, but as an extreme variant of the morphological spectrum within a single biological entity, explaining the biological contradiction of mixed‐type liposarcoma. For treatment stratification, detailed classification including molecular support should be performed in tumors with heterogeneous MRI features.
The untranslated side of hair and skin mammalian pigmentation: Beyond coding sequences
Authors: Rouzaud Francois , Oulmouden Ahmad , Kos Lidia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHolstein (A), Limousine (B) and Charolaise (C) bovines showing the characteristic pigmentation pattern. See The Untranslated Side of Hair and Skin Mammalian Pigmentation: Beyond Coding Sequences by Francois Rouzaud, Ahmad Oulmouden, and Lidia Kos, pp. 340–346.
Effect of macromer weight percent on neural cell growth in 2D and 3D nondegradable PEG hydrogel culture
Authors: Lampe Kyle J. , Mooney Rachael G. , Bjugstad Kimberly B. , Mahoney Melissa J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNeural precursor cells (NPCs) are a renewable cell source that may be useful for neural cell transplant therapies. Their expansion and differentiation potential have traditionally been explored by culturing them on stiff tissue culture polystyrene. Here we describe advantages of an alternative culture system: bio‐inert poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Specifically this work reports the effect that macromer weight percent has on the metabolic and apoptotic activity, proliferation, and cellular composition of a mixed population of neurons and multipotent NPCs grown both on 2D and within 3D PEG hydrogels. In 2D culture, hydrogel properties did not affect metabolic or apoptotic activity but did impact cell proliferation and composition leading to an increase in glial cell reactivity as stiffness increased. In 3D culture, low weight percent hydrogels led to greater metabolic activity and lower apoptotic activity with significant proliferation observed only in hydrogels that closely matched the stiffness of native brain tissue. PEG hydrogels therefore provide a versatile in vitro culture system that can be used to culture and expand a variety of neural and glial cell types simply by altering the material properties of the hydrogel. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Influence of the PNA on declining mountain snowpack in the Western United States
Authors: Abatzoglou John T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe widespread decrease in mountain snowpack across the Western United States is a hallmark indicator of regional climate change. Observed decreases in snowpack across lower‐elevation watersheds are broadly consistent with model predictions of anthropogenic climate change; however, the magnitude of the decreases across much of the Cascades, Northern Rockies and Sierra Nevada has exceeded predictions based solely on late 20th century anthropogenic warming. To resolve the disparity between observations and predictions, the influence of intramonthly variability associated with the Pacific‐North American (PNA) pattern on both the percent of precipitation falling as snow and a proxy for snowmelt during late winter is examined. The PNA is shown to have a significant influence on the elevation of the freezing level across the Western United States, with positive values of the PNA generally associated with anomalously high freezing levels. The positive tendency of the PNA during late winter over the last half‐century has contributed to regional increases in the elevation of the freezing level, decreases in the percent of precipitation falling as snow, and increases in snowmelt across montane and sub‐montane regions. This change in atmospheric circulation accelerated the decline in mountain snowpack predicted by anthropogenic forcing. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The South American Monsoon System and the 1970s climate transition
Authors: Carvalho Leila M. V. , Jones Charles , Silva Ana E. , Liebmann Brant , Silva Dias Pedro L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe South American Monsoon System (SAMS) is characterised by intense convective activity and precipitation during austral summer. This study investigates changes in the onset, demise and duration of SAMS during 1948–2008. The results show a significant change in these characteristics in the early 1970s. Onset becomes steadily earlier from 1948 to early 1970s and has occurred earlier than 23–27 October after 1972–1973. Demise dates have remained later than 21–25 April after the mid‐to‐late 1970s. SAMS duration shows a statistical changepoint in the summer of 1971–1972 such that the mean duration was ∼170 days (1948–1972) and 195 days (1972–1982). Vertically integrated moisture flux is used to diagnose changes in mean state and reveal statistically significant increases over South America after 1971–1972. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Estimation of the probable maximum precipitation in Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Casas M Carmen , Rodríguez Raül , Prohom Marc , Gázquez Antonio , Redaño Angel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to estimate the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) in Barcelona for durations ranging from 5 min to 30 h. To this end, rain records from the Jardí gauge of the Fabra Observatory located in Barcelona (1927–1992) and the urban pluviometric network supported by Clavegueram de Barcelona, S.A. (CLABSA, 1994–2007) were analysed. Two different techniques were used and compared: a physical method based on the maximization of actual storms, and the Hershfield' statistical method. The PMP values obtained using the two techniques are very similar. In both cases, the expected increasing behaviour of the PMP with duration was found, with the increase especially notable for the mesoscale durations 2–9 h, and not significant from 12 h on up. This result seems to be related to the scale of the meteorological situations producing high intense rainfall amounts over our territory. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Long‐lasting impact of biowaste‐compost application in agriculture on soil‐quality parameters in three different crop‐rotation systems
Authors: Emmerling Christoph , Udelhoven Thomas , Schneider Raimund 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSoil‐quality parameters, such as soil organic matter (SOM) and plant‐available nutrient contents, microbial properties, aggregate stability, and the amounts of heavy metals were carried out in arable soils of different rotation schedules applied with a total of 50 Mg dry mass ha–1 biowaste compost relative to an untreated control. This was investigated during a 10 y period from 1994 to 2004. Overall, soil‐quality parameters studied appeared to be promoted by biowaste‐compost application. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase of SOM and total N content of ≈ 15%–20% relative to the control. Subsequently, amounts of soil microbial biomass and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased as well. In addition, biowaste‐compost application revealed an increase of plant‐available P and K contents and aggregate stability in soil. There was, however, no treatment effect for net N‐mineralization rates. Moreover, in soils of maize and sugar beet rotation schedule a slight decrease was found. Heavy‐metal contents of Pb and Zn were significantly increased in all compost‐treated soils, whereas no significant increase of Cd and Cu contents was measured. However, the investigated amounts were far below of the limits of the German Biowaste Ordinance. It is finally recommended, that biowaste compost may sustain and improve soil quality in agriculture when N nutrition will be considered.
Russian avant‐garde… or not? A micro‐Raman spectroscopy study of six paintings attributed to Liubov Popova
Authors: Saverwyns Steven 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRussian avant‐garde is an artistic trend that flourished in Russia from approximately 1900 to 1935. Many artists of the Russian avant‐garde—Malevich, Kandinsky, Rodchenko, Popova—became world‐famous figures. With the onset of Perestroika, Russian avant‐garde art became very popular in the West. The demand was high, prices zoomed and soon the market was flooded by forgeries. A full authentication study of a work of art, including the opinion of an expert, tracing back the provenance of the object and technical analyses, is a labour‐intensive and time‐consuming task normally reserved only for expensive masterpieces. Yet they are not the only ones to be forged. Clearly, an approach is necessary that can quickly and at a relatively low cost distinguish a copy from an original. Raman spectroscopy was evaluated as a tool for identifying pigments of chronological inconsistency (pigment anachronisms) by analysing six paintings attributed to Liubov Popova, one of the most prominent figures of the Russian avant‐garde. The high spatial resolution, the pronounced sensitivity towards synthetic organic pigments and the negligible contribution of the binding media added to the successful identification of the pigments in tiny paint chips taken from the six paintings. Based on the results of especially the synthetic organic pigments identified, the Terminus post quem date could be given, the earliest point in time when the paintings could have been made. Composite spectra, to which several inorganic and/or synthetic organic pigments contribute, could be unravelled making use of dedicated digital libraries. These anachronism studies allowed us to conclude that none of the works could be attributed to Liubov Popova. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and characterisation of an oxygen, acid and bile resistant Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Qq08
Authors: Li Qingqing , Chen Qihe , Ruan Hui , Zhu Dongsheng , He Guoqing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Currently, bifidobacteria are recognised as one of the most important bacteria used as probiotics, which promote human health. However, their commercial application has been limited by their anaerobic nature. The purpose of this study was to select an oxygen, acid and bile resistant strain of bifidobacterium for use as a new probiotic.RESULTS: A total of 10 strains of bifidobacteria from different sources were analysed for their relative bacterial growth ratio (RBGR) in different oxygen concentrations. Three strains with high RBGR values were selected and their survival rates in acid environment and bile salt conditions were investigated in vitro. One strain showed high tolerance to low pH, giving a survival rate of 84% at pH 2 after 4 h incubation, and high tolerance to bile, more than 90% after 4.5 h incubation at 0.01 g mL−1 bile concentration. This strain was identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain Qq08 based on polyphasic taxonomy approaches, such as phenotype analysis and 16S rRNA and 16S to 23S internally transcribed spacer sequence analyses.CONCLUSION: We isolated an aerotolerant bifidobacterium and identified it as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Qq08. This strain has characteristics more favourable than the commercial probiotic strain, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Colonial tourism in Victoria, Australia, in the 1840s: George Augustus Robinson as a nascent tourist
Authors: Clark Ian D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing the private journals of George Augustus Robinson as a lens, this paper is concerned with generating insights into the emergence of tourism in colonial Victoria, during what Towner calls its ‘tourism era of discovery’. Robinson was the Chief Protector of Aborigines and is generally regarded as the most travelled man in Victoria in the 1840s. Robinson was reconstructed as a ‘nascent tourist’ whose gaze was mediated by British conventions of the picturesque and panoramic, confirming that new world tourism in Australia in the nineteenth century is rendered in old world paradigms. The role played by private landholders in creating ‘nascent private tourism’ and the nexus between explorers, travellers and tourists were also highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groomed spaces on Jeju Island: A typology of photographic representations for tourism
Authors: Hunter William Cannon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractJeju Island is a major domestic tourism destination in South Korea and is an increasingly significant international tourism destination, especially for the Japanese and Chinese markets. The Jeju provincial government strongly supports the tourism industry and has, along with the Korean central government, invested heavily in the construction of tourism infrastructure and tourism promotion. There is an abundance of printed literature available to tourists, in the form of brochures and guidebooks, during their stay in Jeju Island. In this study, the types of photographic representations found in that media is identified using a previously developed typology of four ‘spaces’ and four ‘subjects’. Content analysis of a proportional sample of 4115 pages in 225 tourist guidebooks and brochures determined the frequencies of certain ‘types’ of photographs. Further interpretive analysis probes the intentions behind the imagery, if any exist, towards the representational construction of this island's destination image as it appears to the tourist reader. Theoretical issues related to destination image and its representations are explored in light of the findings and implications for tourism policy and management are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Debating land degradation: Strategy development for Bolivian mountain valleys
Authors: Kessler A. , Stroosnijder L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA debate on response strategies to rural poverty and land degradation has relevance for the core business of this journal. Based on extensive fieldwork in the mountain valleys of Chuquisaca, Bolivia, this paper discusses farming and migration in the region, and elaborates on the required components of a strategy to tackle land degradation. We argue that collective action at the micro–meso level is essential to lay the foundation for development activities and to reduce survival‐driven migration rates. In order to actually change farmers into adaptive co‐managers of their natural resources it is also necessary to create enabling conditions at meso‐macro level. However, given the current context in Bolivia, the prospects for reducing land degradation are not good. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eupafolin, a flavonoid isolated from Artemisia princeps, induced apoptosis in human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells
Authors: Chung Kyung‐Sook , Choi Jung‐Hye , Back Nam‐In , Choi Myung‐Sook , Kang Eun‐Kyung , Chung Hae‐Gon , Jeong Tae‐Sook , Lee Kyung‐Tae 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlthough eupafolin, a flavone found in Artemisia princeps Pampanini, has been shown to inhibit the growth of several human cancer cells, its mode of action is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pro‐apoptotic activities of eupafolin in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. It was found that eupafolin induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of positive cells for annexin V. In addition, eupafolin triggered the activations of caspases‐3, ‐6, ‐7, ‐8, and ‐9 and the cleavages of their substrates, such as, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase and lamin A/C. Furthermore, treatment with eupafolin resulted in a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and altered the expression levels of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) family proteins. Interestingly, caspase‐8, an initiator caspase, was activated after the loss of ΔΨm and the activations of caspases‐3 and ‐9. Moreover, treatment with z‐DEVD‐fmk (a specific caspase‐3 inhibitor) and the overexpression of Bcl‐2 prevented eupafolin‐stimulated caspase‐8 activation. Altogether, these results suggest that the eupafolin‐induced apoptosis in HeLa cells is mediated by caspase‐dependent pathways, involving caspases‐3, ‐9, and ‐8, which are initiated by the Bcl‐2‐dependent loss of ΔΨm.