bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic models for future backbone networks – a service‐oriented approach
Authors: Palkopoulou E. , Merkle C. , Schupke D. A. , Gruber C. G. , Kirstädter A. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present a novel approach to assess the impact of new and existing services on traffic volume in current and future backbone networks. Several proposals to model traffic load in access and backbone networks exist in the literature. These proposals consider current Internet traffic like http, smtp, ftp and Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P). We expect, however, that there will be a change in traffic load for future networks caused by services like IP Television (IPTV), Video on Demand (VoD) and Virtual Private Networks (VPN). Additionally, population‐based models may no longer be applicable due to the widespread use of service‐providers and hierarchical routing through network peering points. Therefore, it is important to reassess future traffic volumes and traffic patterns and to identify those services that have the most impact on the networks. We model today's traffic volume of each of the described services and estimate future traffic volumes taking peering points into account. To illustrate the different traffic flows and to characterise the traffic distribution we apply our results to a Germany reference network. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term effectiveness of collaborative depression care in older primary care patients with and without PTSD symptoms
Authors: Chan Domin , Fan Ming‐Yu , Unützer Jürgen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveDepressed patients with comorbid post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more functionally impaired and may take longer to respond to depression treatment than patients without PTSD. This study examined the long‐term effects of PTSD on depression severity, treatment response, and health care costs among older adults.MethodsPatients were recruited from 18 primary care clinics in five states. A total of 1801 patients aged 60 years or older with major depression or dysthymia were randomized to Improving Mood Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) collaborative care or usual care. The study included 191 (10.6%) subjects who screened positive for PTSD. Depression severity, assessed by the Hopkins Depression Symptom Checklist, was used to estimate depression‐free days (DFDs) over 24 months. Total health care costs included inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy costs.ResultsDepressed patients with PTSD had higher depression severity than patients without PTSD symptoms at baseline. Over 2 years, intervention patients with PTSD symptoms had relatively the same benefits from collaborative care (99 more DFDs than usual care patients) as patients without PTSD (108 more DFDs than usual care) (p = 0.85). Total health care costs did not differ significantly for depressed patients with and without PTSD symptoms.ConclusionDepressed older adults with PTSD symptoms were more depressed at baseline, but collaborative care (compared to usual care) produced similar improvements in depression severity in both groups. This reduction of depression symptoms was observed for up to 12 months after the intervention ended, suggesting that long‐term improvements in depression are possible with collaborative care in patients with and without PTSD symptoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of average weekly dose of radiation during radiotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Dragovic Aleksandar F. , Bonner James A. , Spencer Sharon A. , Nabell Lisle M. , Carroll William R. , Caudell Jimmy J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundAltered fractionated radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to improve locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN). We investigated patient outcomes using a new parameter: the average weekly dose (AWD).MethodsThe medical records of 601 patients who received definitive RT for SCCHN were reviewed. AWD was calculated by dividing the total dose in Gray (Gy) by overall treatment time in weeks, and assessed for predictive value.ResultsVarious standard RT fractionation schedules were used. An AWD >10.0 Gy was associated with improved LRC at 2 years for patients treated with RT alone (80.9% vs 60.9%;p= .006), but not for those treated with concurrent chemoradiation (75.3% vs 77.3%;p= .77). Nonsignificant increases in late dysphagia were seen with AWD >10.0 Gy.ConclusionAn AWD of >10 Gy was found to be beneficial for RT alone regimens but not chemoradiotherapy regimens. Head Neck, 2011
Self‐healing biomaterials
Authors: Brochu Alice B. W. , Craig Stephen L. , Reichert William M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe goal of this review is to introduce the biomaterials community to the emerging field of self‐healing materials, and also to suggest how one could utilize and modify self‐healing approaches to develop new classes of biomaterials. A brief discussion of thein vivomechanical loading and resultant failures experienced by biomedical implants is followed by presentation of the self‐healing methods for combating mechanical failure. If conventional composite materials that retard failure may be considered zeroth generation self‐healing materials, then taxonomically speaking, first generation self‐healing materials describe approaches that “halt” and “fill” damage, whereas second generation self‐healing materials strive to “fully restore” the prefailed material structure. In spite of limited commercial use to date, primarily because the technical details have not been suitably optimized, it is likely from a practical standpoint that first generation approaches will be the first to be employed commercially, whereas second generation approaches may take longer to implement. For self‐healing biomaterials the optimization of technical considerations is further compounded by the additional constraints of toxicity and biocompatibility, necessitating inclusion of separate discussions of design criteria for self‐healing biomaterials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
HDAC inhibitor vorinostat enhances the antitumor effect of gefitinib in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck by modulating ErbB receptor expression and reverting EMT
Authors: Bruzzese Francesca , Leone Alessandra , Rocco Monia , Carbone Carmine , Piro Geny , Caraglia Michele , Di Gennaro Elena , Budillon Alfredo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPotentiation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is required in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) to improve their therapeutic index. We demonstrated that the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in combination with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib induced synergistic inhibition of proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as induction of apoptosis in SCCHN cells, including cells resistant to gefitinib. We provided evidence suggesting that differential modulation of ErbB receptors together with reversion of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) by vorinostat represent mechanistic bases for the observed synergism. We demonstrated in epithelial CAL27 cells expressing EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3 that vorinostat downregulated the expression and signaling of all three receptors. In gefitinib‐resistant KB and Hep‐2 cells, both of which had undergone EMT and expressed very low levels of ErbB3, vorinostat reverted the mesenchymal phenotype by inducing both E‐cadherin and ErbB3 and downregulating vimentin as well as EGFR and ErbB2. Both transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms were involved in the modulation of ErbB receptors by vorinostat. Attenuation of all ErbB transcripts in CAL27 cells as well as induction of ErbB3 transcript in Hep‐2 and KB cells was seen upon vorinostat treatment. We showed that vorinostat induced ubiquitination of EGFR and ErbB2 and targeted them predominantly to lysosome‐degradation in all cell lines, while the induction of ErbB3‐ubiquitination in CAL27 cells led to proteasomes‐degradation. Overall, this study suggests that the vorinostat/gefitinib combination represents a promising therapeutic strategy that warrants further clinical evaluation in SCCHN, including tumors intrinsically resistant to EGFR‐inhibitors. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2378–2390, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term regulation of Na+,K+‐ATPase in opossum kidney cells by ouabain
Authors: Silva E. , Soares‐da‐Silva P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNa+,K+‐ATPase, a basolateral transporter responsible for tubular reabsorption of Na+ and for providing the driving force for vectorial transport of various solutes and ions, can also act as a signal transducer in response to the interaction with steroid hormones. At nanomolar concentrations ouabain binding to Na+,K+‐ATPase activates a signaling cascade that ultimately regulates several membrane transporters including Na+,K+‐ATPase. The present study evaluated the long‐term effect of ouabain on Na+,K+‐ATPase activity (Na+ transepithelial flux) and expression in opossum kidney (OK) cells with low (40) and high (80) number of passages in culture, which are known to overexpress Na+,K+‐ATPase (Silva et al., 2006, J Membr Biol 212, 163–175). Activation of a signal cascade was evaluated by quantification of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Western blot. Na+,K+‐ATPase activity was determined by electrophysiological techniques and expression by Western blot. Incubation of cells with ouabain induced activation of ERK1/2. Long‐term incubation with ouabain induced an increase in Na+ transepithelial flux and Na+,K+‐ATPase expression only in OK cells with 80 passages in culture. This increase was prevented by incubation with inhibitors of MEK1/2 and PI‐3K. In conclusion, ouabain‐activated signaling cascade mediated by both MEK1/2 and PI‐3K is responsible for long‐term regulation of Na+ transepithelial flux in epithelial renal cells. OK cell line with high number of passages is suggested to constitute a particular useful model for the understanding of ouabain‐mediated regulation of Na+ transport. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2391–2397, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary epithelial CCR3 promotes LPS‐induced lung inflammation by mediating release of IL‐8
Authors: Li Bo , Dong Chunling , Wang Guifang , Zheng Huiru , Wang Xiangdong , Bai Chunxue 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐8 from pulmonary epithelial cells has been suggested to play an important role in the airway inflammation, although the mechanism remains unclear. We envisioned a possibility that pulmonary epithelial CCR3 could be involved in secretion and regulation of IL‐8 and promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced lung inflammation. Human bronchial epithelial cell line NCI‐H292 and alveolar type II epithelial cell line A549 were used to test role of CCR3 in production of IL‐8 at cellular level. In vivo studies were performed on C57/BL6 mice instilled intratracheally with LPS in a model of acute lung injury (ALI). The activity of a CCR3‐specific inhibitor (SB‐328437) was measured in both in vitro and in vivo systems. We found that expression of CCR3 in NCI‐H292 and A549 cells were increased by 23% and 16%, respectively, 24 h after the challenge with LPS. LPS increased the expression of CCR3 in NCI‐H292 and A549 cells in a time‐dependent manner, which was inhibited significantly by SB‐328437. SB‐328437 also diminished neutrophil recruitment in alveolar airspaces and improved LPS‐induced ALI and production of IL‐8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These results suggest that pulmonary epithelial CCR3 be involved in progression of LPS‐induced lung inflammation by mediating release of IL‐8. CCR3 in pulmonary epithelia may be an attractive target for development of therapies for ALI. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2398–2405, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentration‐dependent minority carrier lifetime in an In0.53Ga0.47As interdigitated lateral PIN photodiode model based on spin‐on chemical fabrication methodology
Authors: Menon P. S. , Kandiah K. , Ehsan A. A. , Shaari S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe fitted parameters for the analytic function used to specify the doping dependence of minority carrier lifetimes for In0.53Ga0.47As (InGaAs) is described in this paper. This model together with other carrier models was used to develop an interdigitated lateral PIN photodiode utilizing InGaAs as the absorbing layer. We propose the usage of spin‐on chemicals such as spin‐on dopants and spin‐on glass to form the p+ wells, n+ wells and the surface passivation layer of the device hence providing a cheap and easy solution versus the conventional epitaxial growth methodology. The modeled device achieved dark currents of 0.21 nA and capacitance of 2.87 nF at an operating voltage of 5 V. Optical illumination at a wavelength of 1550 nm and power of 10 W/cm2enabled the device to achieve responsivity of 0.56 A/W and external quantum efficiency of 44%. The −3 dB frequency response of the device was at 8.93 GHz and signal‐to‐noise ratio is 36 dB. The developed device shows close correlation with experimentally developed devices developed using other fabrication methodologies. The results of this work would be useful in the thorough development of InGaAs‐based devices based on spin‐on chemical fabrication methodology using commercial device simulation packages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent developments on the South American monsoon system
Authors: Marengo J. A. , Liebmann B. , Grimm A. M. , Misra V. , Silva Dias P. L. , Cavalcanti I. F. A. , Carvalho L. M. V. , Berbery E. H. , Ambrizzi T. , Vera C. S. , Saulo A. C. , Nogues‐Paegle J. , Zipser E. , Seth A. , Alves L. M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper reviews recent progress made in our understanding of the functioning and variability of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) on time scales varying from synoptic to long‐term variability and climate change. The SAMS contains one of the most prominent summertime climate patterns in South America, featuring a strong seasonal variability in a region lying between the Amazon and the La Plata Basin. Much of the recent progress is derived from complementary international programs, such as the Monsoon Experiment South America (MESA), as well as from ongoing international programs such as the Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon Basin (LBA) and the La Plata Basin (LPB) Regional Hydroclimate Project, which includes the CLARIS LPB Europe‐South America Network for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin Project. The latter assesses atmosphere‐land surface interactions, the role of land use changes and aerosols from biomass burning considered as sources of variability and change in the SAMS functioning, characteristics and behaviour.The SAMS region is particularly susceptible to variations of climate due to the importance of hydroelectricity generation and the agricultural base of local economies. Also addressed in this report are projections of climate change and extremes, which are important for impact and vulnerability assessments. This discussion includes the need to identify and understand important processes that control the monsoonal climate, how these processes may vary and change, and how they may interact with key societal sectors, including water resource management, hydroelectric generation, agriculture, and agribusiness.This paper reports on the major contributions of MESA to the knowledge of characteristics, functioning and variability of the SAMS, and is based on recent studies and publications, and can be considered as an update of a previous review by C. S. Vera et al. (2006a). Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Exceedance of heat index thresholds for 15 regions under a warming climate using the wet‐bulb globe temperature
Authors: Willett Katharine M. , Sherwood Steven 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThermal comfort is quantified in 15 regions using the wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT), examining past and future rates of thresholds exceedance corresponding to moderate, high, and extreme heat (28, 32, and 35 °C, respectively). As recent changes to thermal comfort appear to be dominated by temperature and humidity, a WBGT approximation based only on these is used. A new homogenised dataset from 1973 to 2003 is developed which provides WBGT daily means, daily maximums averaged over 5‐day periods, and the highest extreme for each 5‐day period; recent trends are positive for all regions except northeast USA and northeast Australia. A simple model for predicting summertime threshold exceedance rates, with a fixed distribution of anomalies about the seasonal mean, is found to adequately predict changes for the above quantities given seasonal mean values. This model is used to predict the impact of regional 1–5 °C temperature increases on WBGT exceedance rates with no change in relative humidity. Results show that heat events may worsen as much, or more, in humid tropical and mid‐latitude regions even if they warm less than the global average, due to greater absolute humidity increases. A further 2 °C warming from the present is sufficient to push peak WBGT above 35 °C, an extreme heat event, in all regions except the UK.An ensemble of HadCM3 climate model simulations is used to investigate likely regional changes in mean summertime temperature, relative humidity and WBGT under an A1B scenario for the 2020s and 2050s. Unsurprisingly, simulated regional changes often depart significantly from the global average, and the impact of regional changes in relative humidity is not always negligible. Increases in WBGT are nonetheless expected in all regions, and are more predictable than increases in temperature at least in mid‐latitude regions owing to the compensating effects of humidity. © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
Interannual variation of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone activity and seasonal forecast of tropical cyclone number in the Australian region
Authors: Liu Kin Sik , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study examines the interannual variability of the tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the period 1970–2008. An empirical orthogonal function analysis of the annual frequency of TC occurrence shows three leading modes of TC occurrence patterns. The first mode, which is related to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, shows an east‐west oscillation between the anomalous TC activity over the South Pacific and the southern Indian Ocean. The second mode, characterised by an east‐west dipole of anomalous TC activity over the southern Indian Ocean, is apparently related to both ENSO and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). The third is a basin‐wide mode that represents the overall TC activity in the SH.Within the SH, TC activity in the Australian region is found to be related to ENSO and IOD, with the relation being more prominent for the western Australian region. Basing on the ENSO‐ and IOD‐related predictors such as Niño‐4 SST anomaly, trade wind index, outgoing longwave radiation index and dipole‐mode index, a statistical prediction scheme for the annual number of TCs in the entire Australian region (40°S–0°N, 90°E–160°E), the western Australian region (40°S–0°N, 90°E–135°E) and the eastern Australian region (40°S–0°N, 135°E–160°E) by 1 November is proposed. This scheme gives a 51, 39 and 37% skill improvement in root‐mean‐square error relative to climatology for the three regions respectively. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Assessment of monthly solar radiation estimates using support vector machines and air temperatures
Authors: Wu Wei , Liu Hong‐Bin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSolar radiation (Rs), a critical variable in agricultural and eco‐environmental processes, is not measured at many meteorological stations. Prediction of Rs has drawn increasing attention in the recent years. However, due to the dynamic nature of atmosphere, accurate estimation of Rs from routinely measured meteorological variables is a challenging task. Studies have demonstrated that machine‐learning approaches outperformed traditional statistical methods. This paper presents an application of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for monthly mean daily Rs estimates using measured maximum, minimum, and mean air temperatures (Tmax, Tmin, and Tmean, respectively). Twenty‐four stations covering different climatic regions—cold (C), severe cold (SC), mild (M), hot summer and cold winter within the Yangtze River Plain (HSCW‐A), and hot summer and cold winter within the Sichuan Basin (HSCW‐B)—across China were gathered and analysed. Five SVM models with different input attributes were created. These models were also compared with two empirical temperature‐based methods. Root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE), and coefficient of residual mass (CRM) were employed to compare the performances of different methods. The newly developed model, SVM using Tmax‐Tmin, and Tmean, outperformed other models with an averaged RMSE of 1.637 MJ m−2 and NSE of 0.813. On a regional scale, when Rs was estimated using the parameters developed at other sites, estimation of Rs within HSCW‐B and SC regions were more reliable than in other zones. Especially in HSCW‐B region, estimates of Rs using the parameters developed at Zunyi gave better performance (RMSE = 1.117 MJ m−2, NSE = 0.922) than that using the parameters obtained from their own data (RMSE = 1.309 MJ m−2, NSE = 0.894). The results showed that the SVM methodology may be a promising alternative to the traditional approach for predicting solar radiation at any locations where the records of air temperatures are available. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Multi‐model forecast skill for mid‐summer rainfall over southern Africa
Authors: Landman Willem A. , Beraki Asmerom 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSouthern African December‐January‐February (DJF) probabilistic rainfall forecast skill is assessed over a 22‐year retroactive test period (1980/1981 to 2001/2002) by considering multi‐model ensembles consisting of downscaled forecasts from three of the DEMETER models, the ECMWF, Météo‐France and UKMO coupled ocean‐atmosphere general circulation models. These models are initialized in such a way that DJF forecasts are produced at an approximate 1‐month lead time, i.e. forecasts made in early November. Multi‐model forecasts are obtained by: i) downscaling each model's 850 hPa geopotential height field forecast using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and then simply averaging the rainfall forecasts; and ii) by combining the three models' 850 hPa forecasts, and then downscaling them using CCA. Downscaling is performed onto the 0.5° × 0.5° resolution of the CRU rainfall data set south of 10° south over Africa. Forecast verification is performed using the relative operating characteristic (ROC) and the reliability diagram. The performance of the two multi‐model combinations approaches are compared with the single‐model downscaled forecasts and also with each other. It is shown that the multi‐model forecasts outperform the single model forecasts, that the two multi‐model schemes produce about equally skilful forecasts, and that the forecasts perform better during El Niño and La Niña seasons than during neutral years. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society