bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth enhancement of WWAN/LTE tablet computer antenna using embedded parallel resonant circuit
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Liu Ying‐Chien , Chou Liang‐Che 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBy embedding a printed parallel resonant circuit, the lower‐band bandwidth of the proposed internal tablet computer antenna is greatly enhanced.This bandwidth‐enhancement technique allows the proposed antenna to cover the eight‐band wireless wide area network/long term evolution operation in the 704–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands with a small size of 12 × 60 × 3.8 mm3 in the tablet computer. The main radiator of the antenna comprises a patch monopole, a longer shorted strip, and a shorter shorted strip. The latter two shorted strips form the outer boundary of the antenna and are parasitically excited by the patch monopole. The parallel resonant circuit is formed by embedding a chip‐inductor‐loaded narrow strip in‐between the longer shorted strip and the patch monopole, with the narrow strip whose front terminal connected to the patch monopole and end section gap‐coupled to the longer shorted strip. This embedded circuit can lead to the generation of a parallel resonance seen at the antenna's feeding point. By controlling the parallel resonance to be at the high‐frequency tail of the resonant mode at about 800 MHz contributed by the longer shorted strip, an additional resonance can be generated, which can result in dual‐resonance excitation of the original single‐resonance mode. Thus, a wide antenna's lower band is obtained. Further, the patch monopole can contribute a resonant mode to combine additional resonant modes contributed by the two shorted strips to form a wide antenna's upper band. Details of the proposed antenna with the embedded parallel resonant circuit are described in the article. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:305–309, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26580
A novel reconfigurable quadratic antenna for wimax and 4G systems
Authors: Jamlos M. F. , Kamarudin M. R. , Jamlos M.A. , Jusoh M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA reconfigurable beam shaping of quadratic‐aperture coupled antenna array is introduced. The 16 rectangular patches microstrip antenna is fed by an aperture coupled structure, which incorporates PIN diode switches that are integrated with the feed line. The activation of certain PIN diode switches configuration enables the variety outcomes of the radiation patterns with different beamwidth and gain. It is found that the beam shaping ability is greatly influenced by the quadratic aperture slots, which have strengthened the level of coupling from the feed line to the radiating patches. Furthermore, the novel quadratic slots, which behave as an inductive equivalent circuit, has the ability to absorb the reflected electrical field between the substrates. The proposed antenna can be constructed to work at two different frequencies concurrently which are 2.3 and 2.5 GHz, at each shaped beam pattern. This novel antenna is competent of shaping its radiated beam up to four different gains; 2.81, 4.98, 7.78, and 11.34 dB with 81.76% efficiency. Hence, the proposed antenna has the greatest gain of 11.34 dB and also proficient to generate the widest beamwidth covering radiated forward beam of 90° compared with conventional microstrip antenna which could only cover from 50°. These results extend the validity of the analysis and will be highly potential for application of WIMAX at 2.3 and 2.5 GHz's 4G in the future. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:416–421, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26587
Compact dual‐band bandpass filter using meander short‐circuit quarter‐wavelength resonators
Authors: Liu H. W. , Zhang Z. C. , Wei G. W. , Shen L. , Guan X. H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this letter, a compact dual‐band microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with independently controlled center frequencies is designed using meander short‐circuit quarter‐wavelength resonators. Its coupling scheme and equivalent circuit model are analyzed. A good agreement between simulation and measurement verifies the validity of this design methodology. The overall size for the proposed BPF is about 0.17λg × 0.17 λg. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:344–346, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26590
Characterization of the ICSI‐mediated gene transfer method in the production of transgenic pigs
Authors: Umeyama Kazuhiro , Saito Hitoshi , Kurome Mayuko , Matsunari Hitomi , Watanabe Masahito , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Nagashima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of transgenes introduced into oocytes or embryos is essential for evaluating the methodologies for transgenic animal production. We investigated the expression pattern of a transgene transferred to porcine eggs by intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐mediated gene transfer (ICSI‐MGT) or pronuclear microinjection (PN injection). The introduction of the EGFP gene by ICSI‐MGT yielded significantly more embryos with non‐mosaic transgene expression (P < 0.01). In the ICSI‐MGT group, 61.5% (24/39) of the embryos were EGFP‐positive in all their component blastomeres at the morula stage, while fewer than 10% of such embryos were EGFP‐positive in the PN‐injection group. Using three types of transgenes, ranging from 3.0 to 7.5 kb in size, we confirmed that approximately one in four fetuses obtained by ICSI‐MGT was transgenic, suggesting that ICSI‐MGT is a practical method for transgenic pig production. Southern blot analysis of 12 transgenic fetuses produced by ICSI‐MGT revealed that the number of integrated transgene copies varied from 1 to 300, with no correlation between transgene size and the number of integrated copies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the transgenes were randomly integrated into a single site on the host chromosomes. Together, these data indicate that multiple‐copy, single‐site integration of a transgene is the primary outcome of ICSI‐MGT in the pig and that ICSI‐MGT is less likely than PN injection to cause transgene integration in a mosaic manner. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 218–228, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of DNA apoptosis in mouse and human blastocysts after vitrification and slow freezing
Authors: Li Lifei , Zhang Xuehong , Zhao Lihui , Xia Xuefeng , Wang Weihua 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVitrification is a novel cryopreservation method for mammalian blastocysts. This study was designed to compare different vitrification methods and slow freezing for their effects on survival rate and DNA integrity in mouse and human blastocysts. In Experiment 1, embryo survival and DNA integrity were compared between mouse blastocysts with collapsed and non‐collapsed blastoceles. In Experiment 2, embryo survival and DNA integrity were compared between vitrified and slow‐frozen mouse blastocysts. In Experiment 3, embryo survival and DNA integrity were compared between vitrified and slow‐frozen human blastocysts. Fresh blastocysts were used as controls in all experiments. Higher (P < 0.05) blastocyst survival rates were obtained in mouse blastocysts vitrified with collapsed versus intact blastoceles, although DNA‐integrity indices in the surviving blastocysts were the same among vitrified and fresh blastocysts. More mouse blastocysts (P < 0.05) survived after vitrification (100%) as compared to slow freezing (82.5%). DNA‐integrity indices examined in the surviving blastocysts were also higher (P < 0.001) in fresh (93.6%) and vitrified/warmed (93.7%) blastocysts than in slow‐frozen/thawed (75.8%) ones. More human blastocysts survived with a higher DNA‐integrity index after vitrification/warming than after slow freezing/thawing. These results indicate that higher survival rates can be obtained by vitrification of blastocele‐collapsed blastocysts, and that vitrification causes less cell apoptosis in both mouse and human blastocysts compared to slow freezing. Vitrification of blastocysts after blastocele collapse by single laser pulse supports a higher survival rate and less DNA apoptosis, suggesting that laser blastocele collapse is a safe procedure for blastocyst vitrification. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 229–236, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Supervised Community Treatment in one UK healthcare district
Authors: Monnery Daniel , Belgamwar Ravindra B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSupervised Community Treatment (SCT) was introduced in 2008 as part of the 2007 Mental Health Act Amendments, allowing Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) to be imposed in certain circumstances. Here, Drs Monnery and Belgamwar investigate whether the new CTOs have been applied within their Trust according to guidelines. They also examine the reasons behind the CTOs and their impact on admission to hospital. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, purification, and characterization of “perfect” star polymers via “Click” coupling
Authors: Li Yejia , Zhang Boyu , Hoskins Jessica N. , Grayson Scott M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe copper (I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition “click” reaction was successfully applied to prepare well‐defined 3, 6, and 12‐arms polystyrene and polyethylene glycol stars. This study focused particularly on making “perfect” star polymers with an exact number of arms, as well as developing techniques for their purification. Various methods of characterization confirmed the star polymers high purity, and the structural uniformity of the generated star polymers. In particular, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry revealed the quantitative transformation of the end groups on the linear polymer precursors and confirmed their quantitative coupling to the dendritic cores to yield star polymers with an exact number of arms. In addition to preparing well‐defined polystyrene and poly(ethylene glycol)homopolymer stars, this technique was also successfully applied to amphiphilic, PCL‐b‐PEG star polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of polytulipalin‐g‐polylactide copolymers
Authors: Lee Chan Woo , Nakamura Shohei , Kimura Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGraft copolymers of poly(tulipalin A) (PT) and poly(DL‐lactide) (PDLLA) (PT‐g‐PDLLA) having various graft lengths and ratios were synthesized by free‐radical copolymerization of α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone (MBL) and PDLLA macromonomers (HEMA‐PDLLA) terminated by 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)‐terminated. HEMA‐PDLLA were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of DL‐lactide in the presence of HEMA. Both HEMA‐PDLLA and the copolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal properties of the graft copolymers were found to depend on the graft length and the ratio. The copolymers consisting of PDLLA side chains of Mn = 500 Da showed a single Tg between Tgs of the two component polymers, suggesting a miscible state of PT and PDLLA. In contrast, the copolymers consisting of PDLLA side chains of Mn = 1100, 2000, and 7000 Da showed two isolated Tg, suggesting two segregated domains. The AFM phase images of the copolymers supported the single and phase‐separated morphologies for the former and latter systems, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Metallized nanotube polymer composites via supercritical fluid impregnation
Authors: Park Cheol , Kim Jae‐Woo , Sauti Godfrey , Ho Kang Jin , Lovell Conrad S. , Gibbons Luke J. , Lowther Sharon E. , Lillehei Peter T. , Harrison Joycelyn S. , Nazem Negin , Taylor Larry T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlthough many metal decorated nanotubes and nanowires appear in the literature, well‐dispersed metal decorated nanotube polymer composites have rarely been reported because of the excessive density mismatch between the decorated nanotubes and polymer matrix. Here, we report a novel method to prepare well‐dispersed, highly functional, metallized nanotube polymer composites (MNPCs) that possess remarkably improved electrical conductivity and mechanical toughness. The MNPCs are prepared by supercritical fluid impregnation of an organometal compound into a premade well‐dispersed single wall carbon nanotube‐polymer composite film. The infused precursor preferentially migrates towards the nanotubes to undergo spontaneous reduction and form nanometer‐scale metal particles leading to an increase in the conductivity of the MNPC films. The environmentally friendly supercritical fluid impregnation process significantly improved the toughness of the composite films, regardless of the presence of metal. Additional functionality can be imparted into the resulting MNPC by infusing other precursors such as magnetic and catalytic metal compounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Control of cell growth direction by direct fabrication of periodic micro‐ and submicrometer arrays on polymers
Authors: Langheinrich Denise , Yslas Edith , Broglia Martín , Rivarola Viviana , Acevedo Diego , Lasagni Andrés 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, we describe a laser‐assisted microstructuring technique called Direct Laser Interference Patterning to produce topographical cues for tumor cells in a one‐step process. Line‐like patterns with spatial periods ranging from 500 nm to 10 μm are fabricated on polyimide (PI) films. The resulting structures exhibit a well‐defined shape and quality even for patterns with small periodic distances. Subsequently, the behavior of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells over those structures is evaluated. The results show that cell growth is well aligned to the direction of the patterns (over 60% lying within 0° to 15° to either side of the surface lines) for all evaluated structure sizes. Moreover, cells grown on patterns with 500 nm spatial period are the most narrowly aligned (up to 80% found between 0° and 15°), showing the potential of the technique. The fabrication process of the PI patterns is supported by a mathematical model of the underlying photo‐chemical ablation process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Structure–property relationships of polymer blend/clay nanocomposites: Compatibilized and noncompatibilized polystyrene/propylene/clay
Authors: Istrate Oana M. , Gunning Micheal A. , Higginbotham Clement L. , Chen Biqiong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolymer blends represent an important class of materials in engineering applications. The incorporation of clay nanofiller may provide new opportunities for this type of materials to enhance their applications. This article reports on the effects of clay on the structure and properties of compatibilized and noncompatibilized polymer blends and presents a detailed process for quantitative analysis of the elastic moduli of polymer blend/clay nanocomposites, based on immiscible polystyrene/polypropylene (PS/PP) blends with or without maleated PP as the compatibilizer. The results show that in the noncompatibilized PS/PP/clay nanocomposite clay locates solely in the PS phase, whereas in the compatibilized nanocomposite clay disperses in both phases. The addition of clay to both polymer blends reduces the domain size significantly, modifies the crystallinity and improves the stiffness. The Mori–Tanaka and Christensen's models offer a reasonably good prediction of the elastic moduli of both types of nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Correlating backbone‐to‐backbone distance to ionic conductivity in amorphous polymerized ionic liquids
Authors: la Cruz David Salas‐de , Green Matthew D. , Ye Yuesheng , Elabd Yossef A. , Long Timothy E. , Winey Karen I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe morphology and ionic conductivity of poly(1‐n‐alkyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium)‐based homopolymers polymerized from ionic liquids were investigated as a function of the alkyl chain length and counterion type. In general, X‐ray scattering showed three features: (i) backbone‐to‐backbone, (ii) anion‐to‐anion, and (iii) pendant‐to‐pendant characteristic distances. As the alkyl chain length increases, the backbone‐to‐backbone separation increases. As the size of counterion increases, the anion‐to‐anion scattering peak becomes apparent and its correlation length increases. The X‐ray scattering features shift to lower angles as the temperature increases due to thermal expansion. The ionic conductivity results show that the glass transition temperature (Tg) is a dominant, but not exclusive, parameter in determining ion transport. The Tg‐independent ionic conductivity decreases as the backbone‐to‐backbone spacing increases. Further interpretation of the ionic conductivity using the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation enabled the correlation between polymer morphology and ionic conductivity, which highlights the importance of anion hoping between adjacent polymer backbones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Cargo‐Towing Fuel‐Free Magnetic Nanoswimmers for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Gao Wei , Kagan Daniel , Pak On Shun , Clawson Corbin , Campuzano Susana , Chuluun‐Erdene Erdembileg , Shipton Erik , Fullerton Eric E. , Zhang Liangfang , Lauga Eric , Wang Joseph 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFuel‐free nanomotors are essential for future in‐vivo biomedical transport and drug‐delivery applications. Herein, the first example of directed delivery of drug‐loaded magnetic polymeric particles using magnetically driven flexible nanoswimmers is described. It is demonstrated that flexible magnetic nickel–silver nanoswimmers (5–6 μm in length and 200 nm in diameter) are able to transport micrometer particles at high speeds of more than 10 μm s−1 (more than 0.2 body lengths per revolution in dimensionless speed). The fundamental mechanism of the cargo‐towing ability of these magnetic (fuel‐free) nanowire motors is modelled, and the hydrodynamic features of these cargo‐loaded motors discussed. The effect of the cargo size on swimming performance is evaluated experimentally and compared to a theoretical model, emphasizing the interplay between hydrodynamic drag forces and boundary actuation. The latter leads to an unusual increase of the propulsion speed at an intermediate particle size. Potential applications of these cargo‐towing nanoswimmers are demonstrated by using the directed delivery of drug‐loaded microparticles to HeLa cancer cells in biological media. Transport of the drug carriers through a microchannel from the pick‐up zone to the release microwell is further illustrated. It is expected that magnetically driven nanoswimmers will provide a new approach for the rapid delivery of target‐specific drug carriers to predetermined destinations.
Thymic–thoracic ratio in fetuses with trisomy 21, 18 or 13
Authors: Karl K. , Heling K. ‐S. , Sarut Lopez A. , Thiel G. , Chaoui R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess thymic size expressed as the thymic–thoracic ratio (TT‐ratio) in fetuses with trisomy 21, 18 or 13.MethodsThe TT‐ratio, the quotient of the anteroposterior thymic and the intrathoracic mediastinal diameter, was measured in 65 trisomic fetuses between 15 and 36 weeks' gestation, including 30 cases with trisomy 21, 19 with trisomy 18 and 16 with trisomy 13. In addition these 65 fetuses were divided into two groups, according to whether they showed growth that was appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) (n = 39) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (n = 26). Measurements were compared with reference ranges from 302 normal fetuses.ResultsThe TT‐ratio was low in 27.7% (n = 18) of the 65 fetuses with aneuploidy. In comparison to normal fetuses (mean TT‐ratio, 0.44), those with trisomy 18 or 21 had a significantly smaller TT‐ratio (mean, 0.38 (P < 0.001) and 0.40 (P < 0.05), respectively), while those with trisomy 13 did not (mean, 0.43). These values were not as low as those observed previously in fetuses with del.22q11, suggesting a mechanism involving accelerated thymic involution rather than primary thymic hypoplasia. Furthermore, the TT‐ratio was significantly lower than normal in both AGA (P < 0.05) and IUGR (P < 0.001) fetuses.ConclusionFetuses with trisomy 18 or 21, but not trisomy 13, have a small thymus, suggesting accelerated thymic involution in utero. IUGR may contribute to the reduced thymic size in trisomy 18 fetuses. Trisomy 21 fetuses seem to have additional factors leading to a small thymus which could be a possible confirmation of the reduced immune response observed in fetuses and neonates with Down syndrome. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bipolar cord coagulation for selective feticide in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies: 118 consecutive cases at a single center
Authors: Lanna M. M. , Rustico M. A. , Dell'Avanzo M. , Schena V. , Faiola S. , Consonni D. , Righini A. , Scelsa B. , Ferrazzi E. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review the experience of performing selective feticide with bipolar cord coagulation (BCC) in complicated monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies at a single center.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of BCC performed using 3‐mm bipolar forceps under ultrasound control in cases complicated by twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome, selective growth restriction, discordant anomaly or twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence.ResultsThe series comprised 118 cases with a median gestational age at the time of the procedure of 22 (range, 16–30) weeks. There were 14 (12%) intrauterine deaths of the cotwin, eight (7%) miscarriages and one (1%) termination of pregnancy. When BCC was performed before 19 weeks of gestation, the rate of miscarriage was 45%, whereas it was 3% (P < 0.001) when BCC was performed after 19 weeks. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) occurred in 45 (38%) cases. The median interval between BCC and PPROM was 4 (interquartile range, 2–9) weeks. In 15 (13%) cases, PPROM occurred within 2 weeks after the procedure. Median gestational age at delivery was 34 (range, 24–41) weeks. The median birth weight was 2103 (range, 480–3875) g. Neonatal death occurred in 11 (9%) cases, and two (2%) children had severe neurologic morbidity. The overall survival rate was 71% (84/118).ConclusionBCC is an effective procedure in complicated MC twin pregnancies for selective feticide or when one fetus is severely jeopardized and delivery is not yet an option. Better outcomes can be achieved when this procedure is performed after 19 weeks. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.