bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus from prematurity: pathophysiology and current treatment concepts
Authors: Robinson Shenandoah 
Published: March 2012

Object
Preterm infants are at risk for perinatal complications, including germinal matrix–intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and subsequent posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). This review summarizes the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, management, and outcomes of IVH and PHH in preterm infants.

Methods
The MEDLINE database was systematically searched using terms related to IVH, PHH, and relevant neurosurgical procedures to identify publications in the English medical literature. To complement information from the systematic search, pertinent articles were selected from the references of articles identified in the initial search.

Results
This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of IVH and PHH, primarily using evidence-based studies. Advances in obstetrics and neonatology over the past few decades have contributed to a marked improvement in the survival of preterm infants, and neurological morbidity is also starting to decrease. The incidence of IVH is declining, and the incidence of PHH will likely follow. Currently, approximately 15% of preterm infants who suffer severe IVH will require permanent CSF diversion. The clinical presentation and surgical management of symptomatic PHH with temporary ventricular reservoirs (ventricular access devices) and ventriculosubgaleal shunts and permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunts are discussed. Preterm infants who develop PHH that requires surgical treatment remain at high risk for other related neurological problems, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and cognitive and behavioral delay. This review highlights numerous opportunities for further study to improve the care of these children.

Conclusions
A better grasp of the pathophysiology of IVH is beginning to impact the incidence of IVH and PHH. Neonatologists conduct rigorous Class I and II studies to advance the outcomes of preterm infants. The need for well-designed multicenter trials is essential because of the declining incidence of IVH and PHH, variations in referral patterns, and neonatal ICU and neurosurgical management. Well-designed multicenter trials will eventually produce evidence to enable neurosurgeons to provide their smallest, most vulnerable patients with the best practices to minimize perioperative complications and permanent shunt dependence, and most importantly, optimize long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Establishing successful cerebrospinal fluid flow for radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Kramer Kim , McCrea Heather J. , Fischer Cheryl , Greenfield Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2012

Successful delivery of intraventricular radioimmunotherapy is contingent on adequate CSF flow. The authors present a patient with medulloblastoma in whom obstructed CSF flow was causing hydrocephalus, which was initially corrected by implantation of a programmable shunting device. While managing the hydrocephalus, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) needed to be performed in a collapsed ventricular system to ensure adequate radioimmunotherapy distribution.
This 18-month-old patient with medulloblastoma involving leptomeningeal dissemination presented for intraventricular radioimmunotherapy. A CSF 111In-DTPA scintigraphy study obtained through the existing programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt demonstrated activity in the lateral and third ventricles, but no activity over the cerebral convexities or spinal canal, consistent with obstruction at the level of the cerebral aqueduct. By maximization of ventricular size in a controlled setting, the patient was able to undergo a trial of ETV through very small ventricles. A postoperative CINE MR imaging study confirmed patent ETV. The pressure settings on the shunt were kept at the highest opening pressure (200 mm H2O) to maximize flow through the stoma and improve the distribution of CSF throughout the subarachnoid space. The CSF flow scintigraphy study was again performed, this time with tracer activity demonstrated down the thecal sac at 3 hours, and symmetrically over the cerebral convexities at 24 hours. The patient began weekly intraventricular administration of 131I-3F8 therapy.
Successful rerouting of CSF flow for the purpose of therapeutic radioisotope administration is possible. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy can be considered in patients with programmable shunting devices; normal or slit ventricles do not preclude successful ETV.
Analyse rétrospective de l'adaptation à la sécheresse chez le douglas
Authors: Rozenberg Philippe , Sergent Anne-Sophie , Dalla-Salda Guillermina , Martinez-Meier Alejandro , Marin Sara , Ruiz-Diaz Manuela , Bastien Jean-Charles , Sanchez Leopoldo , Bréda Nathalie 
Published: March 2012

Retrospective analysis of the adaptation of the Douglas-fir to drought
For a number of years in certain regions of France the Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) have presented symptoms of withering which have been attributed to drought. Our results show that the hydraulic function of the wood plays a part in the resistance of the Douglas-fir to dry conditions. Narrower cellular conduits, and therefore a greater wood density, contribute to the survival of trees confronted with a period of a marked water deficit. This idea is confirmed by the existence of significant relationships between wood density and hydraulic properties of wood in which the raw sap circulates, and also by the relationships found between the ecological preferences of specimens in their area of origin and the density of their wood in regions of France where they have been introduced. Those coming from dry regions have a tendency to develop wood with characteristics similar to that of trees which have survived drought. While the relationship between wood density and survival has been demonstrated, the differences in the nature of this relationship between different sites show that the mechanisms involved are complex and to a large extent still not understood.
Stimulation of Dopamine Receptor D5 Expressed on Dendritic Cells Potentiates Th17-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Prado Carolina , Contreras Francisco , González Hugo , Díaz Pablo , Elgueta Daniela , Barrientos Magaly , Herrada Andrés A. , Lladser Álvaro , Bernales Sebastián , Pacheco Rodrigo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for priming T cells and for promoting their differentiation from naive T cells into appropriate effector cells. Emerging evidence suggests that neurotransmitters can modulate T cell-mediated immunity. However, the involvement of specific neurotransmitters or receptors remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the role of dopamine in the regulation of DC function. We found that DCs express dopamine receptors as well as the machinery necessary to synthesize, store, and degrade dopamine. Notably, the expression of D5R decreased upon LPS-induced DC maturation. Deficiency of D5R on the surface of DCs impaired LPS-induced IL-23 and IL-12 production and consequently attenuated the activation and proliferation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. To determine the relevance of D5R expressed on DCs in vivo, we studied the role of this receptor in the modulation of a CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmunity model. Importantly, D5R-deficient DCs prophylactically transferred into wild-type recipients were able to reduce the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, mice transferred with D5R-deficient DCs displayed a significant reduction in the percentage of Th17 cells infiltrating the CNS without differences in the percentage of Th1 cells compared with animals transferred with wild-type DCs. Our findings demonstrate that by contributing to CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation to Th17 phenotype, D5R expressed on DCs is able to modulate the development of an autoimmune response in vivo.
Intra-Cavitary ECG is an Effective Method for Correct Positioning of the Tip of Tunneled Groshong Catheters
Authors: Capozzoli Giuseppe , Accinelli Gino , Fabbro Loris , Pedrazzoli Roberta , Auricchio Franco 
Published: March 2012

Background Intra-cavitary electrocardiography (ECG) is a well-known method for correct positioning of the tip of central venous catheters (CVC). A significant increase in the P wave, as registered by the intra-cavitary electrode, signals the entrance of the catheter into the right atrium. Methods In this prospective observational study, 155 consecutive oncologic patients were enrolled for cannulation of the right or left internal jugular vein for insertion of a tunneled Groshong catheter. In 150 patients the tip was positioned by means of intracavitary ECG. Five patients with atrial fibrillation (N=4) or pacemaker in place (N=1) were excluded from the study. As the P-wave amplitude began to increase, the catheter was secured in that position and the insertion depth was registered. Results Intra-cavitary ECG was always apt to detect the increase in the P wave. On the post-operative chest x-ray all Groshong catheters except two were in the correct position. Conclusions The need for chest x-ray or fluoroscopy may be virtually eliminated by using the ECG technique.
Trans fat, aspirin, and ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women
Authors: Yaemsiri Sirin , Sen Souvik , Tinker Lesley , Rosamond Wayne , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , He Ka 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:To examine the associations between dietary fat intake and ischemic stroke among postmenopausal women.Methods:We conducted a prospective cohort study of 87,025 generally healthy postmenopausal women (age, 50–79 years) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Repeated and validated dietary assessments were done using a self‐administered food frequency questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of ischemic stroke based on quintiles of the cumulative average of fat intake.Results:We documented 1,049 incident cases of ischemic stroke over 663,041 person‐years of follow‐up. Women in the highest quintile of trans fat intake had a significantly higher incidence of ischemic stroke (HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.79; p‐trend = 0.048) compared with women in the lowest quintile, while controlling for multiple covariates. The observed association was modified by aspirin use (p‐interaction = 0.02). The HR was 1.66 (95% CI, 1.21–2.36; p‐trend < 0.01) among baseline non‐aspirin users (n = 67,288) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.60‐1.48; p‐trend = 0.43) among aspirin users (n = 19,736). No significant associations were found between intakes of saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fat and ischemic stroke or any ischemic stroke subtypes.Interpretation:In this large cohort of postmenopausal women, higher intake of trans fat was associated with incident ischemic stroke independent of major lifestyle/dietary factors. Aspirin use may attenuate the potential adverse effect of trans fat intake on ischemic stroke. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:704–715
The Diaryl(oxy)methyl Group: More than an Innocent Bystander in Chiral Auxiliaries, Catalysts, and Dopants
Authors: Braun Manfred 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEither as the free alcohol or deprotonated, a carbinol residue bearing gemial, identical aryl residues can at first sight be recognized as an achiral structural unit. When incorporated, however, into a chiral molecule, the two aryl groups become diastereotopic. Thus, they might contribute to an enhancement in stereoselectivity and do so in a variety of reactions. This Minireview highlights developments in stereochemistry when the diaryl(oxy)methyl group is involved, with emphasis given to the beneficial effect of this moiety. Of particular focus are auxiliaries, the stoichiometric use of metal complexes, metal and organocatalysts, and finally chiral dopants for liquid crystals, all featuring the diaryl(oxy)methyl group.
Selection and transformation of input variables for RVM based on MI–PCA–MI and 4‐CBA concentration model
Authors: Chen Chao , Yan Xuefeng 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTConsidering that chemical process is a high nonlinear system with high‐dimensional and complex variables, relevance vector machine (RVM) with the novel selection and transformation of the candidate input variables, which combines principal component analysis (PCA) with mutual information (MI), is proposed and named as MI–PCA–MI–RVM. First, to omit the irrelevant input variables, the selected input variables are determined according to their correlation degree with output variable via MI. Second, to eliminate the multicollinearity among the selected input variables, PCA is applied for them to be principal components (PCs). Third, the PCs are reordered according to their correlation degree with output variable via MI and denoted as MI–PCs, and the optimal MI–PCs are determined as the input variables for RVM according to the predicting performance. Further, MI–PCA–MI–RVM is employed to develop the 4‐carboxybenzaldehyde concentration model. The result shows that MI–PCA–MI–RVM model has better predicting and robust performance than PCA–RVM and RVM models. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entwurfsaspekte bei Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Hartwig Udo , Mayer Timo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDer Entwurf von Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) erfolgt vor dem Hintergrund komplexer Anforderungen durch die dynamische und zyklische Belastung der Konstruktion und des Baugrundes aus Wind und Wellen, die teure und wetterabhängige Offshore‐Logistik für Transport und Installation, die angestrebte Minimierung der Einflüsse auf die Meeresumwelt und nicht zuletzt die Besonderheiten bei Genehmigungsverfahren für Offshore‐Bauwerke. Zudem sollen die Gründungen unter den anspruchsvollen Umgebungsbedingungen auf offener See auch ohne umfangreiche Inspektions‐ und Wartungsarbeiten 20 oder 25 Jahre ihre Funktion erfüllen.In diesem Beitrag wird aus Sicht entwerfender Ingenieure gezeigt, welche Vielzahl von Aspekten bei gleichzeitig hohen Anforderungen an die Wirtschaftlichkeit bei der Planung von Gründungen für Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen berücksichtigt werden müssen. Anhand von zwei Beispielen, einem Schwerkraftfundament sowie einer Jacket‐Gründung, werden dafür die in den einzelnen Phasen eines Windparkprojekts im Hinblick auf die Gründung zu lösenden Aufgaben näher beleuchtet.Design Aspects for Foundations of Offshore Wind TurbinesThe design of foundations for offshore wind turbines has to be carried out against the backdrop of complex requirements resulting from the dynamic and cyclic loading of the structure and the subsoil caused by wind and waves, an expensive and weather‐dependent offshore logistics for transport and installation, the desired minimisation of marine environmental effects and not least the specific features of authorizing procedures for offshore constructions. Moreover the structures have to preserve their functionality under challenging environmental conditions on the high seas for the entire lifetime of 20 or 25 years without the need of extensive inspection and maintenance works.This publication shows, in the view of designing engineers, which variety of aspects have to be taken into account during the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines despite the high demands on the economic efficiency of the foundation. Based on two examples, a gravity base foundation and a jacket foundation, the tasks linked to the foundation, which have to be solved during the several phases of a wind park project will be elucidated.
Integrale Großbrücken mit flexiblen Widerlagern
Authors: Steiger Heinz , Zeißler Toralf , Bernhard Markus , Meyer Holger 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFür die Anbindung der neuen Landebahn Nordwest wurden am Frankfurter Flughafen insgesamt fünf Rollbrücken in integraler Bauweise errichtet. Es handelt sich um ein‐ bis dreifeldrige Rahmenbauwerke, deren Überbauten größtenteils aus vorgespannten Fertigteilträgern mit Ortbetonergänzung hergestellt wurden. Durch den Verzicht auf Fugen und Lager entstanden sehr robuste und dauerhafte Brückenbauwerke. Zur Reduzierung des Erddrucks auf die Widerlagerwände wurden erstmalig im Großbrückenbau flexible Widerlager eingesetzt. Die Brücken sind für eine maximale Flugzeuglast von 750 t ausgelegt, womit das Startgewicht von allen aktuellen Flugzeugtypen abgedeckt ist. Mit einer überspannten Fläche von insgesamt ca. 20.000 m2 gehört die Rollbrücke Ost 1 zu den größten integralen Brückenbauwerken in Europa.Im folgenden Beitrag werden die statisch‐konstruktiven Besonderheiten der Rollbrücke Ost 1 aus Sicht des Prüfingenieurs und des Bauherrn erläutert. Außerdem wird auf die Bauausführung eingegangen und die fugenlose Bauweise diskutiert.Large integral bridges with flexible abutments. Experiences with the construction of the Taxiway Bridge East 1 at the Frankfurt AirportAt the Frankfurt Airport, five integral taxiway bridges were built to connect the new Runway Northwest with the apron area. The superstructure of the frame bridges mostly consist of prestressed prefabricated girders completed with a cast‐in‐place concrete deck. The bridge construction without joints and bearings allows robust and durable structures. For the first time, flexible abutments were placed at large bridge constructions in order to reduce soil pressure. The bridges are designed for a total load of 750 tons, which covers all current models of aircraft. The overall deck area of the Taxiway Bridge East 1 amounts nearly 20000 m2. Hence, this bridge belongs to the largest integral bridges in Europe.In this paper, the design features of the Taxiway Bridge East 1 are reviewed and the jointless construction method is discussed.
Die Rollbrücken der neuen Landebahn Nordwest am Flughafen Frankfurt/Main
Authors: Schmidt Stephan , Zierath Frank , Amann Horst , Meyer Holger 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDie Rollbrücken der neuen Landebahn Nordwest am Flughafen Franfurt/Main stellen in vielerlei Hinsicht eine Innovation im Großbrückenbau dar. Alle Rollbrücken wurden als integrale Rahmentragwerke geplant und errichtet. Die Anwendung der integralen fugenlosen Bauweise in Verbindung mit vorgespannten Fertigteilplattenbalken mit Ortbetonergänzung wurde in dieser Größenordnung erstmals angewendet. Durch die konsequente Anwendung dieses Konstruktionsprinzips konnte eine kurze Bauzeit mit minimalen Einschränkungen für den öffentlichen Verkehr erreicht werden. Das Ergebnis sind sehr robuste, wartungsarme Bauwerke mit geringer Bauhöhe und sehr hoher Tragfähigkeit. Die speziellen Anforderungen aus dem Flugbetrieb, insbesondere die hohen Flugzeuglasten, erfordern Lösungen, die zum Teil außerhalb der in den geltenden Vorschriften geregelten Bauweisen liegen. Durch die Bereitschaft des Bauherren und aller am Projekt Beteiligten, diesen innovativen Weg mitzugehen, sind einzigartige, wirtschaftliche und auch gestalterisch ansprechende Bauwerke entstanden.The taxiway bridges of the new runway northwest at the airport Frankfurt/MainIn many aspects, the taxiway bridges of the new Northwestern landing runway at the Frankfurt am Main Airport represent an innovation in large bridge construction. All taxiway bridges were planned and built as integral frame‐supporting structures. The application of an integral jointless construction in connection with a pre‐stressed prefabricated platform bar with local concrete integration was applied for the first time in these dimensions. Thanks to the consequent application of this construction principle, a short building time with minimal limitations for the public traffic streams could be reached. The result is very stable low‐maintenance buildings with reduced building height and very high carrying capacity. The special requirements connected with the aviation operations, in particular the high plane charges require solutions that are partially outside the construction types regulated by applicable regulations. Thanks to the availability by the builder‐owner and all the parties involved to opt for this innovating path, unique, cost‐effective and design‐attractive buildings were created.
Fugenlose Kaimauern am Beispiel Bremerhaven und am neuen deutschen Tiefwasserhafen in Wilhelmshaven
Authors: Morgen Karl 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAm Container‐Terminal Bremerhaven, der zu den größten Container‐Umschlagsanlagen in Europa gehört, wurde Anfang 2003 der Bauabschnitt CT 3a mit einer Länge von 340 m als erstes fugenloses Kajenbauwerk in Betrieb genommen und mit Bauabschnitt CT 4 mit einer Gesamtlänge von 1680 m in fugenloser Bauweise fortgeführt. Vor dem Hintergrund der dabei gewonnenen guten Erfahrungen wurde das Kajenbauwerk des neuen Tiefwasserhafens Wilhelmshaven mit einer Gesamtlänge von 1720 m von 2009 bis 2011 fugenlos errichtet. Es werden Hinweise zur Betontechnologie, zur konstruktiven Durchbildung, zur Beschränkung der Rissbreite und zur Umsetzung auf der Baustelle gegeben.Jointless quay walls – case studies of Bremerhaven's container terminal and Wilhelmshaven's new German deep‐water portThe construction stage CT 3a of Bremerhaven's container terminal, one of Europe's largest container handling facilities, was a jointless quay structure 340 m in length which started operation in early 2003 and was extended by a further 1, 680 m of jointless quay structure in construction stage CT 4.On the basis of positive experiences from this project, the quay structure for the new deep‐water port at Wilhelmshavenmeasuring 1, 720 m in length and constructed between 2009 and 2011 – was also designed and built as a jointless structure.This article features information on concrete technology, structural detailing, crack width control, and on‐site implementation.
Neubau Containerterminal in Cai Mep/Vietnam
Authors: Günzl Tobias 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAufgrund des dynamischen Wirtschaftswachstums in Südostasien und speziell in Vietnam mit seiner exportorientierten Industrie wird derzeit massiv in die Hafeninfrastruktur investiert. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei der Entwicklung des Tiefwasserhafens in Cai Mep, welcher für die Abfertigung von Super‐Post‐Panamax‐Containerschiffen mit bis zu 400 m Schiffslänge konzipiert ist, gewidmet. Aufgrund der abzufertigenden Schiffsgrößen und den Baugrundbedingungen bestehen hohe Anforderungen an die Kajenkonstruktion, sowohl im Design als auch in der Ausführung unter den lokalen Bedingungen.Development of Cai Mep Container Terminal, VietnamBased on the dynamic economic growth in SE Asia and especially Vietnam's export‐oriented industrial sector, there are massive ongoing investments in port and maritime infrastructure. Thus, the development of the deep‐water port at Cai Mep, designed for super‐post‐panamax container vessels up to 400 m length, is a core project in this development. Due to the vessel size and subsoil conditions, special requirements within design and during execution under local conditions must be considered for the quay structure.