bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The destructive invasive pathogen Phytophthora lateralis found on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana across the UK
Authors: Green S. , Brasier C. M. , Schlenzig A. , McCracken A. , MacAskill G. A. , Wilson M. , Webber J. F. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIn 2010–2011,
Phytophthora lateralis was isolated from diseased
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana exhibiting dieback and mortality at eight geographically separate forest, parkland and shelterbelt locations in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. In 2011,
P. lateralis was also isolated from young symptomatic nursery plants of
C. lawsoniana and
Thuja occidentalis recently imported into Scotland from mainland Europe. These are the first findings of
P. lateralis in the UK. At six of the field sites, only collar and root lesions were observed. However, at two sites, large stem and branch lesions unconnected to the collar region were also observed. Phytophthora lateralis was readily isolated from both aerial and basal lesions. In artificial inoculation experiments, two Scottish isolates of the pathogen caused lesions on
C. lawsoniana shoots and were readily reisolated from the lesions, their pathogenicity being comparable to that of
P. lateralis isolates originating from outside the UK. Isolates from six field sites and the two nursery interceptions exhibited ITS and cox
II sequences identical to published sequences of French and North American isolates. However, the isolates from two field sites shared an ITS sequence with Taiwanese isolates and differed from North American, French and Taiwanese isolates by a single‐base substitution in cox
II, suggesting a separate evolutionary history. It is clear that
P. lateralis now presents a significant threat to
C. lawsoniana in Britain. The main source of the outbreaks is likely to be imported infested nursery stock.
Genetic correlations for foal and studbook traits with racing traits and implications for selection strategies in the Finnhorse and Standardbred trotter
Authors: Suontama M. , van der Werf J.H.J. , Juga J. , Ojala M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryGenetic correlations for body measurements and conformation and functional traits in foals and studbook horses with racing traits were estimated in the Finnhorse and Standardbred. Genetic response and accuracy were estimated using records of animal, half‐sibs and parents in selection scenarios for racing traits, for foal and racing traits, for studbook and racing traits, and using records of animal, half‐sibs and parents for foal traits and racing traits of parents. Racing time and earnings were the breeding objective. Low‐to‐moderate genetic correlations for body measurements and racing traits indicated that selection favours bigger horses at all ages. Being mainly favourable for the breeding objective, genetic correlations for conformation and functional traits with racing traits were highest for the foal traits of type, trot and overall grade and for the studbook traits of character and movements. Genetic correlations for foal and studbook conformation with racing traits were low in the Finnhorse and moderate to high in the Standardbred. In foals, the highest genetic correlations were for trot with racing time (−0.54) and with earnings (0.52) in the Finnhorse, and for overall grade with racing time (−0.54) and with earnings (0.54) in the Standardbred. In studbook horses, genetic correlations were high for character with racing time and earnings in the Finnhorse (−0.68, 0.61) and in the Standardbred (−0.63, 0.70), and for movements with racing time and earnings in the Finnhorse (−0.70, 0.69) and in the Standardbred (−0.90, 0.88). To increase accuracy of conformation and functional traits, foal traits would be more useful in the index with racing traits, as being less preselected than studbook traits. The foal traits (type, trot, overall grade) having moderate heritability and genetic correlations with racing traits would be useful in multi‐trait index before a racing career, where the greatest gain is because of a shorter generation interval. It would be feasible to implement for AI stallions.
Effect of marker‐data editing on the accuracy of genomic prediction
Authors: Edriss V. , Guldbrandtsen B. , Lund M.S. , Su G. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryGenomic selection is a method to predict breeding values using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. High‐quality marker data are necessary for genomic selection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of marker‐editing criteria on the accuracy of genomic predictions in the Nordic Holstein and Jersey populations. Data included 4429 Holstein and 1071 Jersey bulls. In total, 48 222 SNP for Holstein and 44 305 SNP for Jersey were polymorphic. The SNP data were edited based on (i) minor allele frequencies (MAF) with thresholds of no limit, 0.001, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10, (ii) deviations from Hardy–Weinberg proportions (HWP) with thresholds of no limit, chi‐squared p‐values of 0.001, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10, and (iii) GenCall (GC) scores with thresholds of 0.15, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65 and 0.70. The marker data sets edited with different criteria were used for genomic prediction of protein yield, fertility and mastitis using a Bayesian variable selection and a GBLUP model. De‐regressed EBV were used as response variables. The result showed little difference between prediction accuracies based on marker data sets edited with MAF and deviation from HWP. However, accuracy decreased with more stringent thresholds of GC score. According to the results of this study, it would be appropriate to edit data with restriction of MAF being between 0.01 and 0.02, a p‐value of deviation from HWP being 0.05, and keeping all individual SNP genotypes having a GC score over 0.15.
The influence of rice plant age on susceptibility to the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus
Authors: Stout M. J. , Hamm J. C. , Abbe I. , Bergeron C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPlant age‐ and plant stage‐related changes in the resistance of rice, Oryza sativa, to its most important insect pest in the US, the rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus), were investigated in a series of field and greenhouse choice and no‐choice studies. Rice plants were susceptible to infestation by rice water weevils over a broad range of plant ontogenetic stages, from at least the early vegetative stage to well into the reproductive stage. There was, however, a clear preference expressed by rice water weevils in both choice and no‐choice experiments for plants in (or nearly in) the tillering stage of development, with pre‐tillering and reproductive stage plants less preferred. The relationship between rice plant age and susceptibility to weevils is thus nonlinear. This study constitutes one of the most thorough studies to date of the relationship in a grass species between plant age and susceptibility to herbivores. The results provide a biological explanation for observed patterns of weevil infestations and a rationale for the cultural practice of delayed flooding.
Inflammatory Tinea capitis: a 12‐year study and a review of the literature
Authors: Zaraa Inès , Hawilo Abdelmohti , Aounallah Amina , Trojjet Sondes , El Euch Dalenda , Mokni Mourad , Osman Amel Ben 
Published: July 2012

SummaryInflammatory Tinea capitis (TC) is a rare form of TC. The aim of this study was to review epidemiological, clinical and mycological profile of inflammatory TC. We present a retrospective study (1999–2010), enrolled all the cases of inflammatory TC observed at a referral hospital in the northern Tunisia. One hundred and twenty‐one patients with inflammatory TC, 83 male patients (68.6%) and 38 female patients (31.4%) were enrolled. The mean age was about 8 years. A majority of TC (71.9%) were in patients lesser than 10 years of age. Positive family history and contact with animals were noted in seven and 35 cases respectively. Direct examination was positive in 110 cases (59 ectothrix, 51 endothrix) and positive cultures were obtained in 105 patients (49 Trichophyton violaceum, 31 Microsporum canis, 13 Trichophyton interdigitale complex, 12 Trichophyton verrucosum). Systemic treatment was carried out in 115 patients with griseofulvin, in one with terbinafine. A complete recovery was noted in 88 cases; and persistent alopecia in 28 cases. The inflammatory TC is rare, but more common in rural families. The disease mostly affected male genders (68.6%) and T. violaceum remains the common pathogen of inflammatory TC in northern Tunisia.
Five commercial citrus rate poorly as hosts of the polyphagous fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in laboratory studies
Authors: Muthuthantri Sakuntala , Clarke Anthony R 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQueensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is a polyphagous pest, and many citrus types are included among its hosts. While quantification of citrus host use by B. tryoni is lacking, citrus is generally considered a ‘low pressure’ crop. This paper investigates B. tryoni female oviposition preference and offspring performance in five citrus types; Murcott mandarin (Citrus reticulata), Navel orange and Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis), Eureka lemon (Citrus limon) and yellow grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Oviposition preference was investigated in laboratory‐based choice and no‐choice experiments, while immature survival and offspring performance were investigated by infesting fruits in the laboratory and evaluating pupal recovery, pupal emergence and F1 fecundity. Fruit size, Brix level and peel toughness were also measured for correlation with host use. Bactrocera tryoni demonstrated an oviposition preference hierarchy among the citrus fruits tested; Murcott and grapefruit were most preferred for oviposition and lemon the least, while preference for Navel and Valencia was intermediate. Peel toughness was negatively correlated with B. tryoni oviposition preference, while no significant correlations were detected between oviposition and Brix level or fruit size. Immature survival in the tested fruit was very low. Murcott was the best host (21% pupal recovery), while all other citrus types that showed pupal recovery of 6% or lower and no pupae were recovered from Valencia orange. In pupae recovered from Navel orange and lemon, adult eclosion was greatly reduced, while in grapefruit and lemon, no eggs were recovered from F1 adults. Based on these laboratory results, many commercial citrus varieties appear to be poor hosts for B. tryoni and may pose a low post‐harvest and quarantine risk. These findings need to be confirmed in the field, as they impact on both pre‐harvest and post‐harvest countermeasures.
Pelvic organ prolapse transvaginal repair by the Prolift system: Evaluation of efficacy and complications after a 4.5 years follow up
Authors: Benbouzid Sabrina , Cornu Jean‐Nicolas , Benchikh Amine , Chanu Tiffany , Haab François , Delmas Vincent 
Published: July 2012

Objectives:  The Prolift system is a polypropylene device designed for pelvic organ prolapse repair by a transvaginal approach. Numerous studies have reported on short‐term outcomes of this procedure, but long‐term studies are lacking.Methods:  A retrospective study of patients who underwent pelvic organ prolapse repair by Prolift between September 2005 and September 2008 was carried out in two tertiary reference centers by two experienced surgeons. Preoperative and postoperative follow up was based on medical records of baseline and follow‐up visits with complete clinical examination, including Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage. At last follow up, the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐20 questionnaire was assessed by telephone interview. Cure was defined as an anatomical success at last follow up, being a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage ≤1 without further surgical intervention in any compartment.Results:  A total of 75 patients were included in this analysis with a mean follow up of 53.7 ± 8.8 months (range 36–72 months). Patients were treated with two‐arm Prolift posterior, four‐arm Prolift anterior and six‐arm Prolift total in three (4%), 51 (69%) and 21 (27%) cases, respectively. At last follow up, 64 (85.3%) patients were cured, with no prolapse recurrence. Mesh exposure occurred in four (5.3%) patients. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐20 symptom score was low at last follow up (median 8, range 3–18), in accordance with objective cure data.Conclusions:  The Prolift system is safe and efficacious for pelvic organ prolapse repair by transvaginal approach after a 4.5‐year follow up.
How do we manage venous thromboembolism in pregnancy? A retrospective review of the practice of diagnosing and managing pregnancy‐related venous thromboembolism at two major hospitals in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chan N. , Merriman E. , Hyder S. , Woulfe T. , Tran H. , Chunilal S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundNorth American and European literature suggest that the incidence rate for pregnancy‐related thromboembolism (VTE) ranges from 0.5 to 2 per 1000 pregnancies. However, there is a paucity of data regarding pregnancy‐related VTE in Australia and New Zealand.AimsTo define the epidemiology, management and adverse effects of pregnancy‐related VTE in Australia and New Zealand.MethodRetrospective chart review of pregnant patients with objectively diagnosed pregnancy‐related VTE at Monash Medical Centre and the North Shore Hospital from January 2007 to March 2011.ResultsSixty women with VTE were identified, 31 and 29 in the antepartum and post‐partum period respectively. VTE occurred as early as 8 weeks of gestation. There was a trend towards higher proportion of PE in the postpartum period. Most antenatal patients were started on enoxaparin and dosed according to weight at diagnosis. A wide variability in maintenance dosing strategies was observed. Three (5%, 95% CI: 1% to 14%) patients suffered major bleeds, all occurring post‐partum. Recurrences occurred in two post‐partum patients who received a truncated course of enoxaparin for distal deep‐vein thrombosis. Although more women had an induction of labour, this did not translate into an increased Caesarean section rate.ConclusionThe epidemiology of pregnancy‐related VTE is similar to that of other developed countries. All three bleeding events occurred in the immediate post‐partum setting, highlighting the need for caution at this critical time. VTE recurrences occurred in those women with post‐partum distal deep‐vein thrombosis treated with an abbreviated course of enoxaparin.
Do we need cardiac arrest centres in Australia?
Authors: Stub D. , Bernard S. , Smith K. , Bray J. E. , Cameron P. , Duffy S. J. , Kaye D. M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe mortality rate post admission to hospital after successful resuscitation from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest is high, with significant variation between regions and individual institutions. While prehospital factors such as age, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and total cardiac arrest time are known to influence outcome, several aspects of post‐resuscitative care including therapeutic hypothermia, coronary intervention and goal‐directed therapy may also influence patient survival. Regional systems of care have improved provider experience and patient outcomes for those with ST elevation myocardial infarction and life‐threatening traumatic injury. In particular, hospital factors such as hospital size and interventional cardiac care capabilities have been found to influence patient mortality. This paper reviews the evidence supporting the possible development and implementation of Australian cardiac arrest centres.
Relapsed multiple myeloma: who benefits from salvage autografts?
Authors: Chow A. W. S. , Lee C. H. S. , Hiwase D. K. , To L. B. , Horvath N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma is incurable despite the advance of autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and novel agents (thalidomide, bortezomib, lenalidomide). The role of ASCT as salvage therapy in relapsed myeloma remains unclear.AimTo identify and refine the predictors of survival following salvage ASCT for relapsed multiple myeloma, so that they can be applied clinically for patient selection.MethodsRetrospective review of patients treated salvage ASCT for relapsed myeloma at our centre from 1992 to 2011.ResultsFollowing an initial ASCT at diagnosis, 30 patients underwent salvage ASCT for subsequent relapse, with the median time to first relapse/progression being 30.2 months. All patients received reinduction, then melphalan‐based conditioning with salvage ASCT. Non‐relapse mortality at 100 days following salvage ASCT was 3%. The median overall survival and progression‐free survival following salvage ASCT were 45 and 22 months respectively. The progression‐free interval (PFI) after initial ASCT predicted survival outcomes in a time‐dependent manner. With PFI following initial ASCT of <18, 18–36 and ≥36 months, the median progression‐free survival following salvage ASCT was 4.2, 13.8 and 49.1 months respectively (P < 0.0001). The median overall survival was 10.7, 30.9 and 86.1 months respectively (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsSalvage ASCT is an effective and safe treatment option in selected patients and should be considered in patients relapsing ≥36 months after their initial ASCT. The time‐dependent relationship between PFI and salvage ASCT outcome is important when stratifying patient groups who may benefit from this procedure.
High‐dose cytarabine (24 g/m2) in combination with idarubicin (HiDAC‐3) results in high first‐cycle response with limited gastrointestinal toxicity in adult acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Low M. , Lee D. , Coutsouvelis J. , Patil S. , Opat S. , Walker P. , Schwarer A. , Salem H. , Avery S. , Spencer A. , Wei A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground/AimAlthough induction chemotherapy comprising high‐dose cytarabine (HiDAC) in combination with idarubicin and etoposide or ‘ICE’ for adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) produces a complete remission rate of nearly 80%, gastrointestinal toxicity is significant. Omission of etoposide may produce similar clinical outcomes with potentially less gastrointestinal toxicity.MethodsFifty‐three consecutive patients aged 15–60 with newly diagnosed AML, receiving high‐dose cytarabine induction at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, were retrospectively analysed. Regimens included HiDAC‐3 (idarubicin 12 mg/m2 day 1–3, cytarabine 3 gm/m2 bd day 1,3,5,7) or ICE (idarubicin 9 mg/m2 day 1–3, cytarabine 3 g/m2 bd day 1,3,5,7, etoposide 75 mg/m2 day 1–7). Toxicity was assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03.ResultsThirty‐one patients received HIDAC‐3 and 22 patients received ICE induction. HiDAC‐3 was better tolerated than ICE in terms of lower frequency of grade 3–4 nausea (0% vs 41%; P < 0.01), grade 3–4 diarrhoea (26% vs 55%; P = 0.05), lower rates of radiologically evident enterocolitis (6% vs 32%; P = 0.03) and less cumulative days of total parenteral nutrition use (1.2 vs 7.3 days; P < 0.01). Times to haematological recovery were similar between the two regimens. Thirty‐day mortality was 0% for HiDAC‐3 and 9% for ICE. Eighty‐four per cent of HiDAC‐3‐treated patients achieved complete remission after the first cycle of therapy, compared with 77% with ICE. No differences in survival were evident between the two regimens.ConclusionsHiDAC‐3 is a clinically effective induction regimen for adult AML, producing a high rate of first‐cycle complete remission with less treatment‐related gastrointestinal toxicity than ICE.
Primary motor and premotor cortex in implicit sequence learning – evidence for competition between implicit and explicit human motor memory systems
Authors: Kantak Shailesh S. , Mummidisetty Chaithanya K. , Stinear James W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractImplicit and explicit memory systems for motor skills compete with each other during and after motor practice. Primary motor cortex (M1) is known to be engaged during implicit motor learning, while dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) is critical for explicit learning. To elucidate the neural substrates underlying the interaction between implicit and explicit memory systems, adults underwent a randomized crossover experiment of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (AtDCS) applied over M1, PMd or sham stimulation during implicit motor sequence (serial reaction time task, SRTT) practice. We hypothesized that M1‐AtDCS during practice will enhance online performance and offline learning of the implicit motor sequence. In contrast, we also hypothesized that PMd‐AtDCS will attenuate performance and retention of the implicit motor sequence. Implicit sequence performance was assessed at baseline, at the end of acquisition (EoA), and 24 h after practice (retention test, RET). M1‐AtDCS during practice significantly improved practice performance and supported offline stabilization compared with Sham tDCS. Performance change from EoA to RET revealed that PMd‐AtDCS during practice attenuated offline stabilization compared with M1‐AtDCS and sham stimulation. The results support the role of M1 in implementing online performance gains and offline stabilization for implicit motor sequence learning. In contrast, enhancing the activity within explicit motor memory network nodes such as the PMd during practice may be detrimental to offline stabilization of the learned implicit motor sequence. These results support the notion of competition between implicit and explicit motor memory systems and identify underlying neural substrates that are engaged in this competition.
High serum androstenedione levels correlate with impaired memory in the surgically menopausal rat: a replication and new findings
Authors: Camp Bryan W. , Gerson Julia E. , Tsang Candy Wing S. , Villa Stephanie R. , Acosta Jazmin I. , Blair Braden B. , Hoffman Ann N. , Conrad Cheryl D. , Bimonte‐Nelson Heather A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAfter natural menopause in women, androstenedione becomes the primary hormone secreted by the residual follicle‐depleted ovaries. In two independent studies, in rodents that had undergone ovarian follicular depletion, we found that higher endogenous serum androstenedione levels correlated with increased working memory errors. This led to the hypothesis that higher androstenedione levels impair memory. The current study directly tested this hypothesis, examining the cognitive effects of exogenous androstenedione administration in rodents. Middle‐aged ovariectomised rats received vehicle or one of two doses of androstenedione. Rats were tested on a spatial working and reference memory maze battery including the water‐radial arm maze, Morris water maze (MM) and delay match‐to‐sample task. Androstenedione at the highest dose impaired reference memory as well as the ability to maintain performance as memory demand was elevated. This was true for both high temporal demand memory retention of one item of spatial information, as well as the ability to handle multiple items of spatial working memory information. We measured glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein in multiple brain regions to determine whether the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system relates to androstenedione‐induced memory impairments. Results showed that higher entorhinal cortex GAD levels were correlated with worse MM performance, irrespective of androstenedione treatment. These findings suggest that androstenedione, the main hormone produced by the follicle‐depleted ovary, is detrimental to working memory, reference memory and memory retention. Furthermore, while spatial reference memory performance might be related to the GABAergic system, it does not appear to be altered with androstenedione administration, at least at the doses used in the current study.