bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overall Distribution of Trauma‐related Deaths in Berlin 2010: Advancement or Stagnation of German Trauma Management?
Authors: Kleber Christian , Giesecke Moritz T. , Tsokos Michael , Haas Norbert P. , Schaser Klaus D. , Stefan Poloczek , Buschmann Claas T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundTrauma is the leading cause of death among children, adolescents, and young adults. The latest data from the German Trauma Registry reveals a constant decrease in trauma mortality, indicating that 11.6 % of all trauma patients in 2010 died in hospital. Notably, trauma casualties dying before admission to hospital have not been systematically surveyed and analyzed in Germany.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study of all traumatic deaths in Berlin, recording demographic data, trauma mechanisms, and causes/localization and time of death after trauma. Inclusion criteria were all deaths following trauma from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2010.ResultsA total of 440 trauma fatalities were included in this study, with a mortality rate of 13/100,000 inhabitants; 78.6 % were blunt injuries, and fall from a height >3 m (32.7 %) was the leading trauma mechanism. 32.5 % died immediately, 23.9 % died within 60 min, 7.7 % died within 1–4 h, 16.8 % died within 4–48 h, 11.1 % died <1 week later, and 8 % died >1 week after trauma. The predominant causes of death were polytrauma (45.7 %), sTBI (38 %), exsanguination (9.5 %), and thoracic trauma (3.2 %). Death occurred on‐scene in 58.7 % of these cases, in the intensive care unit in 33.2 %, and in 2.7 % of the cases, in the emergency department, the operating room, and the ward, respectively.ConclusionsPolytrauma is the leading cause of death, followed by severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). The temporal analysis of traumatic death indicates a shift from the classic “trimodal” distribution to a new “bimodal” distribution. Besides advances in road safety, prevention programs and improvement in trauma management—especially the pre‐hospital phase—have the potential to significantly improve the survival rate after trauma.
Severity of Complications After Gastrectomy in Elderly Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Hayashi Tsutomu , Yoshikawa Takaki , Aoyama Toru , Ogata Takashi , Cho Haruhiko , Tsuburaya Akira 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of surgery for gastric cancer has not been fully evaluated, and this study aimed to assess the severity of postoperative complications after D2 or modified D2 gastrectomy in elderly patients.MethodsEligible patients were retrospectively selected from the Kanagawa Cancer Center database between 1990 and 2009 based on the following criteria: age ≥80 years and D2 or modified D2 gastrectomy as a primary treatment for gastric cancer. The severity of complications was evaluated using the Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsA total of 83 patients with a median age of 82 years (range 80–88 years) were entered in this study. Sixty (72 %) had at least one co‐morbid condition. American Society of Anesthesiologists scores were 2 in 66 patients and 3 in 17 patients. The extent of gastrectomy was distal in 65 (78 %) and total in 18 (22 %) patients. The procedure used for lymphadenectomy was modified D2 in 38 (46 %) and D2 in 45 (54 %) patients. Altogether, 18 complications were observed in 15 patients. The overall morbidity rate was 18 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 9.7–26.2 %], and the mortality rate was 3.6 % (95 % CI 0–7.6 %). Complications were classified as grade 2 (n = 9), grade 3a (n = 1), grade 3b (n = 4), grade 4 (n = 1), and grade 5 (n = 3). Severe complications (≥ grade 3) occurred in 8.4 % (95 % CI 2.4–14.4 %).ConclusionsThe morbidity rate was acceptable, but that of severe complications was high, suggesting that surgery for gastric cancer in elderly patients is risky and should be limited.
Chemical and Sensory Stability of Fried‐Salted Soybeans Prepared in Different Vegetable Oils
Authors: Jáuregui María P. , Riveros Cecilia , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson R. , Gayol María F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the stability of fried‐salted soybeans prepared in normal and high‐oleic sunflower and normal peanut oils. Three products were obtained: fried‐salted soybeans prepared in sunflower oil (FSS), in high‐oleic sunflower oil (FSH) and in peanut oil (FSP). Products were stored for 112 days at 22 and 40 °C. Samples were removed from storage for chemical and sensory descriptive analyses. Fatty acid composition of raw soybeans changed after the frying process. Palmitic, linoleic, linolenic acids, iodine value and saturated/unsaturated ratio decreased while oleic acid and the oleic/linoleic ratio (O/L) increased after the frying process of soybeans. Soybeans fried in FSH had the highest O/L (2.42), followed by FSP (1.07), FSS (0.52), and finally by raw soybeans (0.37). Peroxide values higher than 10 mequiv O2 kg−1 were reached after 23 days in FSS, 223 days in FSH, and 159 days in FSP at 22 °C. The shelf life was 10 (at 22 °C) and 7 (at 40 °C) times longer in FSH than in FSS. Soybeans fried in high‐oleic sunflower and peanut oils had a higher stability than soybeans fried in sunflower oil, making them more resistant to lipid oxidation and the development of rancid flavors.
Structural Controls on Coal Fire Distributions – Remote Sensing Based Investigation in the Raniganj Coalfield, West Bengal
Authors: Guha Arindam , Kumar K. Vinod 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Coal fires are serious problem in Raniganj coalfield as it is the case for some of the other coalfields of India like Jharia coalfield. Earlier efforts were made to map the coal fires of this coal-field based on satellite observation. But the restricted distribution of major coal fires in the particular portion of the coalfield makes the basis for finding the geological control if responsible for coal fire distribution. In present study, night time thermal data of ASTER (Advance spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) is used to map the latest distribution (December, 2006) of coal fires in the Raniganj coalfield. Coal fire map shows that most significant zone affected by fire is at the north-western portion of the coalfield; where NE- trending open cast mines are affected by fire. This fire zone is associated with high grade coal of the Barakar Formation. Coal fires are also mapped in open cast pits of Jambad-Mangalpur area occurring over rocks of the Raniganj Formation. By integrating geological map and satellite-derived coal fire map of Raniganj coal field, it is observed that the coal fires detected by remote sensing study are spatially associated with intraformational faults. These faults may have played significant role in supplying oxygen to these coal-fires and allowing them to propagate down the depth along the trends of the faults.
Phenomenological description of depoling current in Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98O3 ferroelectric ceramics under shock wave compression: Relaxation model
Authors: Jiang Dongdong , Du Jinmei , Gu Yan , Feng Yujun 
Published: May 2012

By assuming a relaxation process for depolarization associated with the ferroelectric (FE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transition in Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98O3 ferroelectric ceramics under shock wave compression, we build a new model for the depoling current, which is different from both the traditional constant current source (CCS) model and the phase transition kinetics (PTK) model. The characteristic relaxation time and new-equilibrated polarization are dependent on both the shock pressure and electric field. After incorporating a Maxwell s equation, the relaxation model developed applies to all the depoling currents under short-circuit condition and high-impedance condition. Influences of shock pressure, load resistance, dielectric property, and electrical conductivity on the depoling current are also discussed. The relaxation model gives a good description about the suppressing effect of the self-generated electric field on the FE-to-AFE phase transition at low shock pressures, which cannot be described by the traditional models. After incorporating a time- and electric-field-dependent repolarization, this model predicts that the high-impedance current eventually becomes higher than the short-circuit current, which is consistent with the experimental results in the literature. Finally, we make the comparison between our relaxation model and the traditional CCS model and PTK model.
Gossamer — a resource-efficient de novo assembler
Authors: Conway Thomas , Wazny Jeremy , Bromage Andrew , Zobel Justin , Beresford-Smith Bryan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Motivation: The de novo assembly of short read high-throughput sequencing data poses significant computational challenges. The volume of data is huge; the reads are tiny compared to the underlying sequence, and there are significant numbers of sequencing errors. There are numerous software packages that allow users to assemble short reads, but most are either limited to relatively small genomes (e.g. bacteria) or require large computing infrastructure or employ greedy algorithms and thus often do not yield high-quality results.
Results: We have developed Gossamer, an implementation of the de Bruijn approach to assembly that requires close to the theoretical minimum of memory, but still allows efficient processing. Our results show that it is space efficient and produces high-quality assemblies.
Availability: Gossamer is available for non-commercial use from http://www.genomics.csse.unimelb.edu.au/product-gossamer.php.
Contact: tom.conway@nicta.com.au
Subscale flight testing used in conceptual design
Authors: Jouannet Christopher , Berry Patrick , Melin Tomas , Amadori Kristian , Lundström David , Staack Ingo 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the latest subscale demonstrator aircraft developed at Linköping University. It has been built as part of a study initiated by the Swedish Material Board (FMV) on a Generic Future Fighter aircraft. The paper will cover different aspects of the performed work: from paper study realised by SAAB to the first flight of the scaled demonstrator. The intention of the paper is to describe what has been realised and explain how the work is may be used to fit within aircraft conceptual design.Design/methodology/approachThe approach has been to address the challenges proposed by the customer of the demonstrator, how to design, manufacture and operate a scaled demonstrator of an aircraft study in conceptual design within five months. Similar research projects have been reviewed in order to perform the current work.FindingsThe results obtained so far have led to new questions. In particular, the project indicated that more research is needed within the area of subscale flight testing for usage in aircraft conceptual design, since a scaled demonstrator is likely to answer some questions but will probably open up new ones.Research limitations/implicationsThe current research is just in its infancy and does not bring any final conclusion but does, however, offer several guidelines for future works. Since the aircraft study was an early phase concept study, not much data are available for validation or comparison. Therefore, the paper is not presenting new methods or general conclusions.Practical implicationsResults from a conceptual aircraft study and a realisation of a scaled prototype are presented, which show that scaled flight testing may be used with some restriction in conceptual design.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is to show that universities can be involved in prototype development and can work in close collaboration with industries to address issues and solutions within aircraft conceptual design.
Entrepreneurship research
Authors: Audretsch David 
Published: May 2012

PurposeWith the rapid emergence of scholarly thinking and analysis about entrepreneurship has come a multiplicity of approaches, emanating from different academic traditions. This has resulted in an academic field that is complex and heterogeneous with respect to approaches, methodologies and even the understanding about what exactly constitutes entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to try to reconcile the different approaches and views about entrepreneurship that are prevalent in the literature.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a literature review.FindingsThe paper finds that while such heterogeneity can be the source of a nuanced and at times contractor research field, it is also the source of richness and diversity that has contributed to making the emerging field so dynamic.Practical implicationsThe field of entrepreneurship should remain committed to a diversity of approaches, understandings and methodologies about what constitutes entrepreneurial activity.Originality/valueThe value of the paper is that it presents a coherent framework that reconciles disparate approaches and understandings about what actually constitutes entrepreneurship.
The entrepreneurial growth ceiling
Authors: Welbourne Theresa M. , Neck Heidi , Dale Meyer G. 
Published: May 2012

PurposeIn this paper the authors aim to introduce a concept that they call the “entrepreneurial growth ceiling” (EGC). They develop arguments that new venture IPOs hit the EGC prior to their IPO, and the ceiling is part of the impetus for going public. The paper argues that proceeds from the IPO will aid firms in breaking through the ceiling if the proceeds are strategically allocated.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines a cohort of firms that went public in the same year. The authors code data from the prospectuses of 366 organizations, including how proceeds were to be spent, and then add performance data post‐IPO.FindingsThe results from a longitudinal study of IPOs indicate that firms that allocate proceeds to human resources and innovation (research and development) are more likely to break through the EGC quickly and enhance long‐term stock performance.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurial firms will have higher success when investing money into their human resources (people) and in research and development (innovation). Given the current high rate of change in business, the authors expect these findings are even more relevant for not just IPOs but for all organizations going through change.Social implicationsOrganizations that support and fund entrepreneurship and new venture growth should consider expanding their training to include human resource management, in particular as it ties to innovation.Originality/valueThe entrepreneurial growth ceiling is a new concept introduced in this paper. This research has important implications for IPOs and other high‐growth organizations.
Organizing change: testing cultural limits of sustainability
Authors: Magala S.J. 
Published: May 2012

PurposeA concept of culture as a solid black box of mental software is gone from serious research surviving in consulting modules and undergraduate teaching. Cultural values evolve and are more frequently examined in public through filters of institutional patterns and frames. The new, emergent cluster of sustainability values dominates and realigns all other values in unpredictable ways. One of the most relevant consequences consists of reinventing democracy, even within business corporations, Large Hadron Colliders and office work floors. The paper aims to define and interpret the cultural dimension of the emergent value of sustainability, which migrates towards the center of core values in the management of organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a theoretical interpretation with cutting‐edge empirical reports on the most complex research projects and their management based on negotiating values, goals and pragmatics. The paper also applies Boisot's information space model.FindingsIt is through continuous organized renegotiations that we learn how to construct a multiple, multilevel, ongoing platform for a global governance in the face of serious challenges.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the paper include a possible redesign of complex research projects with diverse organizational members (public authorities, business companies, NGOs, communities of knowledge) and a revision of the curricula of business schools from the point of insertion of the humanities.Originality/valueThe paper is the first attempt to draw a road map for a multidimensional information‐space inspired approach towards organizational change as a renegotiated process.
Entrepreneurship as connecting: some implications for theorising and practice
Authors: Anderson Alistair R. , Drakopoulou Dodd Sarah , Jack Sarah L. 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider why entrepreneurship theorising has become fragmented and how the research problem might be resolved.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first examine how entrepreneurial constructs reflect only part of what we “mean” by the construct to argue that we use different social constructions. This explains why theories are fragmented. But the authors then ask how we might use and reconcile this diversity, pointing to the utility of the constructs as part of a complex whole. The authors discuss entrepreneurship as a complex adaptive system showing how connections and relatedness help explain the power of entrepreneurship to use and adapt to change.Research implicationsThe authors' proposition of entrepreneurial endeavours as a complex adaptive system provides a fresh theoretical platform to examine aspects of entrepreneurship and improve theorising.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that this idea of connecting can also be used at the level of practice – how the connections that entrepreneurs use may help to explain some of what goes on in entrepreneurial practice.Originality/valueThe paper's contribution is a relatively novel way of connecting diverse theorising.
Using toolkits to achieve STEM enterprise learning outcomes
Authors: Watts Carys A. , Wray Katie 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of using several commercial tools in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) subjects for enterprise education at Newcastle University, UK.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an overview of existing toolkit use in higher education, before reviewing where and how tools are used across science and engineering disciplines. Feedback was collated from Newcastle educators and students to determine whether the projected enterprise learning outcomes were achieved. STEM learning outcomes were also mapped to the NCEE entrepreneurship learning outcomes framework.FindingsThe paper investigated the use of three key enterprise toolkits across the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering and the Faculty of Medical Sciences, where the focus is on innovation and product/service development, rather than on the desire to “be an entrepreneur”. This reflection on practice evaluates the benefits and student perceptions of workshop tools for enterprise, decision making and teamwork. It makes comparison between the perceived employability needs of these students, and addresses the intended and actual outcomes of these tools.Research limitations/implicationsEvaluating toolkit use within a single university is constrained by common internal workings, however as exemplars of good practice this is of value to other UK higher education institutions.Practical implicationsConsideration is given to entrepreneurial support and development, and whether using existing tools should be used for summative or for formative assessment. It also questions whether tools are fit for purpose.Originality/valueThis paper reveals patterns of tool use and their effectiveness across science and engineering.
International enterprise education in Sri Lanka: a blended approach
Authors: Kasturiratne Dulekha , Lean Jonathan , Phippen Andy 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how enterprise education was adapted from a UK higher education institution (HEI) setting into an international context through collaboration with two Sri Lankan universities. It demonstrates the value of enterprise education in different cultures, and presents learning from the challenges faced by both staff and students in moving away from a traditional delivery method.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a case study approach, the paper describes a blended, incremental implementation strategy aimed at developing staff and students’ understanding of enterprise education in a gradual, supportive and culturally‐sensitive manner. Evaluation is conducted through an analysis of formal assessment performance and qualitative module review.FindingsThe paper demonstrates the impact of enterprise education in an international context and a capability amongst most students to engage with it successfully, whilst also highlighting the challenges of delivery in a different culture.Practical implicationsThe adaptation of enterprise education to an international setting can be shown to add value in various ways, including the development of soft skills and building confidence in team working and communication. It can also be shown to empower staff in delivering teaching using non‐traditional techniques. However, consideration of context is essential to effective delivery.Originality/valueThis study makes a contribution to the fields of transnational education and enterprise education in international contexts. It shows the value of enterprise education in challenging traditional delivery methods and the acceptance of such by both staff and students.
Increasing awareness and use of the library's resources and facilities through relationship marketing strategies
Authors: David Lourdes T. , Kim A. Sagun Karryl 
Published: May 2012

PurposeTo increase the use of its resources and services, the Rizal Library of the Ateneo de Manila University embarked on a relationship marketing program targeted at three segments of the market, namely, the faculty, the graduate students and the undergraduate students. This paper aims to investigate this program.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports the results of its program over a period of time to compare usage before and after the program was implemented.FindingsResults indicate that the program was successful in its implementation. Success indicators showed a marked increase in the use of its resources and services.Practical implicationsMore relationship marketing strategies involving the students and faculty should be introduced to further make the library more visible, open lines of communication between the library and its users and increase customer satisfaction.Originality/valueThe strategy increased library traffic. It could be adapted by other libraries to increase usage of their resources and facilities.