bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosing of Porcine Surfactant: Effect on Kinetics and Gas Exchange in Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Cogo Paola Elisa , Facco Maddalena , Simonato Manuela , Verlato Giovanna , Rondina Clementina , Baritussio Aldo , Toffolo Gianna Maria , Carnielli Virgilio Paolo 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to study exogenous surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) kinetics in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who were treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg porcine surfactant.METHODS: Sixty-one preterm infants with RDS undergoing mechanical ventilation received, within 24 hours after birth, 100 mg/kg (N = 40) or 200 mg/kg (N = 21) porcine surfactant mixed with [U-13C]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Clinical and respiratory parameters were recorded, and DSPC half-life and pool size and endogenous DSPC synthesis rate were calculated.RESULTS: Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes did not differ between groups. In the 100 mg/kg group, 28 infants (70%) received a second dose after 25 ± 11 hours and 9 (22.5%) a third dose after 41 ± 11 hours; in the 200 mg/kg group, 6 infants (28.6%) received a second dose after 33 ± 8 hours and 1 a third dose. The DSPC half-life was longer in the 200 mg/kg group (first dose: 32 ± 19 vs 15 ± 15 hours [P = .002]; second dose: 43 ± 32 vs 21 ± 13 hours [P = .025]). DSPC synthesis rates and pool sizes before the first and second doses did not differ between the groups. The 200 mg/kg group exhibited a greater reduction in the oxygenation index than did the 100 mg/kg group after the first (P = .009) and second (P = .018) doses.CONCLUSIONS: Porcine surfactant given to preterm infants with RDS at a dose of 200 mg/kg resulted in a longer DSPC half-life, fewer retreatments, and better oxygenation index values.
Motor Competence and Physical Activity in 8-Year-Old School Children With Generalized Joint Hypermobility
Authors: Juul-Kristensen Birgit , Kristensen Jens Halkjær , Frausing Britt , Jensen Dorte Vendelboe , Røgind Henrik , Remvig Lars 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: Because the criteria used for diagnosing between generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and musculoskeletal complaints, as well as relations between GJH and an insufficient motor development and/or a reduced physical activity level differ, the prevalence of GJH varies considerably. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of GJH defined by a Beighton score at ≥4, ≥5, or ≥6 positive tests of 9 and benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) in Danish primary school children at 8 years of age. A second aim was to compare children with and without GJH and BJHS regarding motor competence, self-reported physical activity, and incidence of musculoskeletal pain and injuries.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 524 children in the second grade from 10 public schools was performed. A positive response rate was obtained for 416 (79.4%) children, and 411 (78.4%) children were clinically examined and tested for motor competence, whereas questionnaire response to items comprising musculoskeletal pain and injuries, in addition to daily level and duration of physical activity, corresponded to 377 (71.9%) children.
RESULTS: In total, 29% of the children had GJH4, 19% had GJH5, 10% had GJH6, and 9% had BJHS, with no gender difference. There was no difference in daily level and duration of physical activity and in frequency of musculoskeletal pain and injuries between those with and without GJH. Children with ≥GJH5 as well as with ≥GJH6 performed better in the motor competence tests.
CONCLUSION: Motor competence and physical activity are not reduced in primary school children at 8 years of age with GJH or BJHS. It is recommended that a potential negative influence on the musculoskeletal system over time, as a result of GJH, be investigated by longitudinal studies.
Progress in Ensuring Adequate Health Insurance for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Honberg Lynda E. , Kogan Michael D. , Allen Deborah , Strickland Bonnie B. , Newacheck Paul W. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: This article reports findings from the 2005–2006 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) regarding the extent to which CSHCN have access to public or private health insurance that meets their needs.
METHODS: The HRSA Maternal and Child Health Bureau's health insurance core outcome was measured on the basis of whether a child had public or private coverage at the time of survey; continuity of coverage during the previous 12 months; and adequacy of coverage. Bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to assess independent predictors of respondents who met the health insurance core outcome and the impact of meeting the core outcome on measures of access and financial burden. Comparisons with a referent sample of children who did and did not have special needs and were included in the 2001 NS-CSHCN are also presented.
RESULTS: A total of 62.0% of CSHCN nationally met the health insurance core outcome in 2005–2006, up from 59.6% in 2001. Disparities by ethnicity and income remain, but some have narrowed, especially for Hispanic CSHCN. Children who did not meet the health insurance core outcome were more likely to have unmet needs and their families to experience financial problems. CSHCN were more likely to be insured than children without special needs but less likely to be adequately insured.
CONCLUSIONS: Results of the survey demonstrate that although a growing number of CSHCN have continuous and adequate health insurance, additional effort is needed to improve the adequacy of that insurance, particularly for children in vulnerable subpopulations.
Improved Adherence and Outcomes for Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients by Using Text Messaging
Authors: Miloh Tamir , Annunziato Rachel , Arnon Ronen , Warshaw Jill , Parkar Sanobar , Suchy Frederick J. , Iyer Kishore , Kerkar Nanda 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to improve immunosuppressant adherence for pediatric patients with orthotopic liver transplants by using text messaging (TM).
METHODS: A prospective study of sending TM reminders to the primary medication administrator (patient or caregiver) for pediatric transplant recipients was performed. Patient records were reviewed, comparing the year before and the year of the study. The SD of serum tacrolimus levels was used as an indicator of adherence.
RESULTS: Forty-one patients provided consent. The median age was 15 years (range: 1–27 years), and the median age at the time of transplantation was 2 years (range: 4 months to 23 years). Fourteen patients (34%) were male. In 29 of 41 cases, the medications were self-administered by the patient. The mean duration of study was 13 ± 1.5 months. Twenty-two patients were receiving 1 immunosuppressant, 14 were receiving 2, and 5 were receiving 3. Thirteen patients (37%) stopped the study after 4 months. The mean tacrolimus level SD decreased from 3.46 μg/L before the study to 1.37 μg/L (P &lt; .005). The number of immunosuppressants taken and patient self/caregiver medication administration did not significantly affect the results. The number of acute cellular rejection episodes decreased from 12 to 2 during the study. Risk factors for rejection were older age (17.67 vs 13.28 years) and administration of &gt;1 immunosuppressant.
CONCLUSION: We observed significant improvement in medication adherence and a reduction in rejection episodes with TM reminders for pediatric recipients of liver transplants.
Development of a New Patient-Based Measure of Pediatric Ambulatory Care
Authors: Gallagher Patricia , Ding Lin , Ham Hazen P. , Schor Edward L. , Hays Ron D. , Cleary Paul D. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: In 1995, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research initiated the Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) project to develop and evaluate survey protocols for collecting reliable and valid assessments of health care from consumers. CAHPS surveys are used throughout the United States for evaluating ambulatory and hospital care experiences, including a version for assessing pediatric ambulatory care; however, pediatric experts thought that the existing pediatric instruments did not adequately assess developmental and preventive care. The objective of this study was to develop and test an Ambulatory Pediatric CAHPS survey that focuses on clinicians and groups and includes measures of developmental and preventive care.
METHODS: To develop the survey, we conducted 2 focus groups and conducted 9 cognitive interviews. We conducted a telephone pretest with 20 parents and coded potential problems with the interview (behavioral coding). We conducted a dual-language field test of the instrument with 670 parents who reported about their children's ambulatory care. We used data from that survey to assess the reliability and validity of the measures.
RESULTS: Questions about developmental monitoring and preventive care were developed and tested. Two scales that were based on those new questions had good internal consistency (coefficient α) and inter-physician reliability. A consortium of CAHPS investigators and federal sponsors have approved the resulting instrument as a national measure of pediatric care.
CONCLUSIONS: A new instrument for assessing ambulatory pediatric care by clinicians and groups that includes questions about developmental and preventive care is now available for use.
Autoerotic Asphyxiation: Secret Pleasure—Lethal Outcome?
Authors: Cowell Daniel D. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: Voluntary asphyxiation among children, preteens, and adolescents by hanging or other means of inducing hypoxia/anoxia to enhance sexual excitement is not uncommon and can lead to unintended death. This study addresses autoerotic asphyxiation (AEA) with the intent of increasing pediatricians' knowledge of the syndrome and awareness of its typical onset among young patients. AEA is characteristically a clandestine and elusive practice. Provided with relevant information, pediatricians can identify the syndrome, demonstrate a willingness to discuss concerns about it, ameliorate distress, and possibly prevent a tragedy.
METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of published cases both fatal and nonfatal and included personal communications, referenced citations, clinical experience, and theoretical formulations as to causation. Characteristic AEA manifestations, prevalence, age range, methods of inducing hypoxia/anoxia, and gender weighting are presented. All sources were used as a basis for additional considerations of etiology and possibilities for intervention.
RESULTS: AEA can be conceptualized as a personalized, ritualized, and symbolic biopsychosocial drama. It seems to be a reenactment of intense emotional feeling-states involving an identification and sadomasochistic relationship with a female figure. Inept AEA practitioners can miscalculate the peril of the situation that they have contrived and for numerous reasons lose their gamble with death.
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians should be alert to the earliest manifestations of AEA. Awareness of choking games among the young and, of those, a subset who eventually progress to potentially fatal AEA is strongly encouraged among all primary care professionals who may be able to interrupt the behavior.
Snacking in Children: The Role of Urban Corner Stores
Authors: Borradaile Kelley E. , Sherman Sandy , Vander Veur Stephanie S. , McCoy Tara , Sandoval Brianna , Nachmani Joan , Karpyn Allison , Foster Gary D. 
Published: October 2009

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity is higher among ethnic minorities. One reason may be the limited access to affordable, healthy options. The disparate prevalence of urban corner stores in low-income and high-minority communities has been well documented. There are no data, however, on what children purchase in these environments before and after school. The purpose of this study was to document the nature of children's purchases in corner stores proximal to their schools.
METHODS: This was an observational study from January to June 2008. Participants were children in grades 4 through 6 from 10 urban K-8 schools with ≥50% of students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. A total of 833 intercept surveys of children's purchases were conducted outside 24 corner stores before and after school. The main outcomes were type and energy content of items purchased.
RESULTS: The most frequently purchased items were energy-dense, low-nutritive foods and beverages, such as chips, candy, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Students spent $1.07 ± 0.93 on 2.1 ± 1.3 items (1.6 ± 1.1 food items and 0.5 ± 0.6 beverage items) per purchase. The total number of calories purchased per trip was 1497.7 ± 1219.3 kJ (356.6 ± 290.3 kcal). More calories came from foods than from beverages.
CONCLUSIONS: Purchases made in corner stores contribute significantly to energy intake among urban school children. Obesity prevention efforts, as well as broader efforts to enhance dietary quality among children in urban settings, should include corner store environments proximal to schools.
Histologic Evaluation of Human Bone Integration on Machined and Sandblasted Acid-etched Titanium Surfaces in Type IV Bone
Authors: Grassi Sauro , Piattelli Adriano , Ferrari Daniel S. , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Feres Magda , Iezzi Giovanna , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the influence of a sandblasted acid-etched surface on bone-implant contact percentage (BIC%) as well as the bone density in the threads area (BD%) in type 4 bone after 2 months of unloaded healing. Five subjects (mean age = 42.6 years) received 2 microimplants each during conventional implant surgery in the posterior maxilla. The microimplants with commercially pure titanium surface (machined) and sandblasted acid-etched surface served as the control and test surfaces, respectively. After a healing period of 2 months, the microimplants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for ground sectioning and histomorphometric analysis. One microimplant with a machined surface was found to be clinically unstable at the time of retrieval. Histometric evaluation indicated mean BIC% was 20.66 ± 14.54% and 40.08 ± 9.89% for machined and sandblasted acid-etched surfaces, respectively (P = .03). The BD% was 26.33 ± 19.92% for machined surface and 54.84 ± 22.77% for sandblasted acid-etched surface (P = .015). Within the limits of this study, the data suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched implant surface presented a higher percentage of bone-implant contact compared with machined surfaces, under unloaded conditions in posterior maxilla after a healing period of 2 months.
Comparison of the Compressive Strength of 3 Different Implant Design Systems
Authors: Pedroza Jose E. , Torrealba Ysidora , Elias Augusto , Psoter Walter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe aims of this study were twofold: to compare the static compressive strength at the implant-abutment interface of 3 design systems and to describe the implant abutment connection failure mode. A stainless steel holding device was designed to align the implants at 30° with respect to the y-axis. Sixty-nine specimens were used, 23 for each system. A computer-controlled universal testing machine (MTS 810) applied static compression loading by a unidirectional vertical piston until failure. Specimens were evaluated macroscopically for longitudinal displacement, abutment looseness, and screw and implant fracture. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean compressive strength for the Unipost system was 392.5 psi (SD ± 40.9), for the Spline system 342.8 psi (SD ± 25.8), and for the Screw-Vent system 269.1 psi (SD ± 30.7). The Unipost implant-abutment connection demonstrated a statistically significant superior mechanical stability (P ≤ .009) compared with the Spline implant system. The Spline implant system showed a statistically significant higher compressive strength than the Screw-Vent implant system (P ≤ .009). Regarding failure mode, the Unipost system consistently broke at the same site, while the other systems failed at different points of the connection. The Unipost system demonstrated excellent fracture resistance to compressive forces; this resistance may be attributed primarily to the diameter of the abutment screw and the 2.5-mm counter bore, representing the same and a unique piece of the implant. The Unipost implant system demonstrated a statistically significant superior compressive strength value compared with the Spline and Screw-Vent systems, at a 30° angulation.
Bone Healing at a Failed Implant Site in a Type II Diabetic Patient: Clinical and Histologic Evaluations: A Case Report
Authors: Park Jun-Beom 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Placement of endosseous dental implants in diabetic patients may be compromised because of altered wound healing. Additionally there is no established timetable for implant healing in these patients. A case report is presented that evaluates implant healing at the site of a failed implant after its removal. This report documents bone remodeling in a diabetic patient 6 months after removing the failed implant. The prostheses was delivered within 4 months in the upper arch despite the complications during the healing period.
Bacterial Bioaugmentation of Channel Catfish Ponds
Authors: Tucker Craig S , Kingsbury Susan K , Mischke Charles C 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Twelve, 0.1-ha earthen ponds at Stoneville, Mississippi were used in a 2-year, double-blind study of the effects of a Bacillus-based bacterial bioaugmentation product on water quality and production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Each year, six ponds were treated weekly with the microbial product from late May or early June through October, and six ponds were designated as untreated controls. Mean concentrations of chlorophyll a, nitrite-N, and total ammonia-N did not significantly differ (P &gt; 0.05) between bacteria-treated and untreated ponds in the first year; however, in the second year, mean chlorophyll-a concentrations were higher (P ≤ 0.05) and nitrite-N and total ammonia-N concentrations were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in bacteria-treated ponds than in untreated ponds. Reductions in dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were more likely due to increased phytoplankton growth (i.e., increased algal assimilation) than to a direct effect of bacterial inoculation. The mechanism by which bioaugmentation may have enhanced phytoplankton growth is unknown and contradicts several past studies. Net fish production and feed conversion ratios were not affected by bacterial treatment in either year (P &gt; 0.05); accordingly, there is no economic incentive to use Bacillus-bacterial bioaugmentation products in channel catfish ponds.
Performance of Yellowstone and Snake River Cutthroat Trout Fry Fed Seven Different Diets
Authors: Kindschi Greg A , Myrick Christopher A , Barrows Frederic T , Toner Matthew , Fraser William C , Ilgen Jason , Beck Linda 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Five commercial diets and two formulated feeds were fed to initial-feeding Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri fry and Snake River cutthroat trout O. clarkii spp. (currently being petitioned for classification as O. clarkii behnkei) fry for 18 weeks from June 16 to October 18, 2006, to evaluate fish performance. Eyed eggs from Yellowstone and Snake River cutthroat trout were received from the Yellowstone River State Fish Hatchery and Jackson National Fish Hatchery, respectively. Each diet was fed to four tanks of each subspecies of cutthroat trout (7 diets × 4 tanks/diet × 2 cutthroat trout subspecies = 56 tanks). Skretting Nutra-Plus provided optimal fish weight, total length, survival, and feed conversion for Yellowstone cutthroat trout. The weight and total length of Snake River cutthroat trout were also greatest when fish were fed Skretting Nutra-Plus. Skretting Nutra-Plus is no longer available, but Skretting/Bio-Oregon Bio-Vita is very similar; this feed and similar premium feeds from other manufacturers should be considered for future cutthroat trout propagation programs.
Compensatory Growth after Winter Food Deprivation in Hatchery-Produced Coho Salmon and Chinook Salmon Smolts
Authors: Triebenbach Stan P , Smoker William W , Beckman Brian R , Focht Rick 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This study investigated whether coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha smolts would exhibit elevated compensatory growth rates in the spring after food deprivation during the winter. We also tested whether food-deprived fish would attain the same physiological attributes as smolts fed continuously during this period. Replicate treatment groups were deprived of food for 10 and 16 weeks, centered on the winter solstice. Control groups were fed to satiation 2 d weekly during the 10-week deprivation period and every day afterwards. All groups were fed daily to satiation from the end of the deprivation periods until after summer solstice. Treated fish of both species were smaller than controls after deprivation but grew faster after feeding resumed. Growth rates were not significantly different between treatment and control groups until the fish were transferred to seawater, which was 4°C warmer than freshwater at the time of transfer. At the end of the study in July, fish of both species deprived of food for 10 weeks were the same size as controls but fish deprived for 16 weeks remained smaller. Protein content decreased during deprivation while moisture and ash content increased, but the proximate composition of all groups was similar by the end of the study. There was no statistically detectable difference in whole-body lipid between control and treatment groups at any time during the study. Spring increases in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity were unaffected by deprivation. Although treated coho and Chinook salmon smolts grew faster in the spring, restored their body composition, and did not lose osmoregulatory ability, the life-long effects on size and survival remain unknown.
Effects of Praziquantel on Eggs of the Asian Tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi
Authors: Kline S Jason , Archdeacon Thomas P , Bonar Scott A 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Praziquantel, an anthelmintic, is commonly used to control the Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and baitfish. We treated 50 individuals from three different cyprinid fish species with praziquantel at 6 mg/L, a dose higher than the minimum recommended for complete Asian tapeworm removal in 24 h but much less than the concentration that would have ill effects on the fish. Praziquantel killed hundreds of adult tapeworms, but many ruptured and released eggs. We observed that the eggs released from Asian tapeworms treated with praziquantel were viable and produced thousands of coracidia over several days. We warn fishery managers that even if fish receive the typically recommended praziquantel treatment regime and all adult tapeworms are killed, viable eggs and coracidia may be present in the holding water or attached to the skin of treated fish, the surfaces of equipment, or treatment personnel.