bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary counselling on food habits and dietary intake of Finnish pregnant women at increased risk for gestational diabetes – a secondary analysis of a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kinnunen Tarja I. , Puhkala Jatta , Raitanen Jani , Ahonen Suvi , Aittasalo Minna , Virtanen Suvi M. , Luoto Riitta 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing and GDM might be prevented by improving diet. Few interventions have assessed the effects of dietary counselling on dietary intake of pregnant women. This study examined the effects of dietary counselling on food habits and dietary intake of Finnish pregnant women as secondary outcomes of a trial primarily aiming at preventing GDM. A cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in 14 municipalities in Finland, including 399 pregnant women at increased risk for developing GDM. The intervention consisted of dietary counselling focusing on dietary fat, fibre and saccharose intake at four routine maternity clinic visits. Usual counselling practices were continued in the usual care municipalities. A validated 181‐item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess changes in diet from baseline to 26–28 and 36–37 weeks gestation. The data were analysed using multilevel mixed‐effects linear regression models. By 36–37 weeks gestation, the intervention had beneficial effects on total intake of vegetables, fruits and berries (coefficient for between‐group difference in change 61.6 g day−1, 95% confidence interval 25.7–97.6), the proportions of high‐fibre bread of all bread (7.2% units, 2.5–11.9), low‐fat cheeses of all cheeses (10.7% units, 2.6–18.9) and vegetable fats of all dietary fats (6.1% ‐units, 2.0–10.3), and the intake of saturated fatty acids (−0.67 energy‐%‐units, −1.16 to −0.19), polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.38 energy‐%‐units, 0.18–0.58), linoleic acid (764 mg day−1, 173–1354) and fibre (2.07 g day−1, 0.39–3.75). The intervention improved diet towards the recommendations in pregnant women at increased risk for GDM suggesting the counselling methods could be implemented in maternity care.
The Relationship Between Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio and Female Gender Identity
Authors: Hisasue Shin-ichi , Sasaki Shoko , Tsukamoto Taiji , Horie Shigeo 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gender identity and the second-to-fourth finger length ratio (2D : 4D) are discriminative between the sexes. However, the relationship between 2D : 4D and gender identity disorder (GID) is still controversial.

Aim
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 2D : 4D and score on the Gender Identity Scale (GIS) in female-to-male (FtM) GID subjects.

Methods
Thirty-seven GID-FtM with testosterone replacement therapy from our clinic were included in this study. As controls, 20 male and 20 female volunteers participated from our institution (medical doctors and nurses). We photocopied left and right hands of the participants and measured the second and fourth finger lengths. Gender identity was measured with the GIS.

Main Outcome Measures
2D : 4D digit ratio and GIS in male, female, and GID-FtM subjects.

Results
The 2D : 4D (mean ± standard deviation) in male, female, and GID-FtM were 0.945 ± 0.029, 0.999 ± 0.035, and 0.955 ± 0.029 in right hand and 0.941 ± 0.024, 0.979 ± 0.040, and 0.954 ± 0.036 in left hand, respectively. The 2D : 4D was significantly lower in male controls in both hands and GID-FtM in the right hand than in female controls (P &lt; 0.05, analysis of variance). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that “consistent gender identity” score in the higher domain in GIS and “persistent gender identity” score in the lower domain are statistically significant variables correlating with 2D : 4D in the right hands among biological females.

Conclusions
The finger length ratio 2D : 4D in GID-FtM was significantly lower than in female controls in the right hand in this study. 2D : 4D showed a positive correlation with GIS score. Because 2D : 4D influences are assumed to be established in early life and to reflect testosterone exposure, our results suggest a relationship between GID-FtM and perinatal testosterone.
Understanding the low magnetic field magnetar, SGR 0418+5279, from a magnetized core model
Authors: Soni Vikram 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We consider the newly found low magnetic field magnetar, SGR 0418+5279, which exhibits flares, in the context of a model recently proposed by us in which magnetars owe their strong magnetic fields to a high baryon density, magnetized core. We calculate the characteristic core size which will give rise to a surface polar field of about 1013 G, observed for this magnetar. We then estimate the time of transport of the magnetic field to the crust by ambipolar diffusion, and find this time to be roughly consistent with the spin-down age of SGR 0418+5279. Our model suggests that a precise post-flare timing analysis for this magnetar would show a persistent increase in the spin-down rate of ν˙, as observed, for example, in PSR 1846-0258, and in due course a decrease in the braking index, consistent with a post-flare increase in the surface field.
A peculiar galaxy appears at redshift 11: properties of a moderate-redshift interloper
Authors: Hayes Matthew , Laporte Nicolas , Pelló Roser , Schaerer Daniel , Le Borgne Jean-François 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In 2011 Laporte et al. reported a very high redshift galaxy candidate: a lensed J-band dropout (A2667-J1). J1 has a photometric redshift of z = 9.6–12, the probability density function for which permits no low- or intermediate-z solution. We here report new spectroscopic observations of this galaxy with Very Large Telescope/X-Shooter, which show clear [O iii] λ5007 Å, Lyα, Hα and Hβ emission and place the galaxy firmly at z = 2.082. The oxygen lines contribute only ∼25 per cent to the H-band flux and do not significantly affect the dropout selection of J1. After correcting the broad-band fluxes for line emission, we identify two roughly equally plausible natures for A2667-J1: it is either a young heavily reddened starburst or a maximally old system with a very pronounced 4000-Å break, upon which a minor secondary burst of star formation is superimposed. Fits show that to make a 3s detection of this object in the B band (V band), imaging of depth AB = 30.2 (29.5) would be required - despite the relatively bright near-infrared (NIR) magnitude, we would need optical data of equivalent depth to the Hubble Ultra Deep Field to rule out the mid-z solution on purely photometric grounds. Assuming that this stellar population can be scaled to the NIR magnitudes of recent Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) IR-selected galaxies, we conclude that unfeasibly deep optical data (reaching AB ∼ 32) would be required for the same level of security. There is a population of galaxies at z 2 with continuum colours alone that mimic those of our z = 7–12 candidates.
Click Chemistry Approach for Bis‐Chromenyl Triazole Hybrids and Their Antitubercular Activity
Authors: Naik Reshma J. , Kulkarni Manohar V. , Sreedhara Ranganath Pai K. , Nayak Pawan G. 
Published: June 2012

1,4‐Disubstituted bis‐chromenyl triazole hybrids 5a–m have been synthesized in a three‐step reaction sequence from 4‐(bromomethyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones 3a–m. The intermediate azides 4a–m underwent a regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with a 2H‐chromen‐2‐one linked acetylenic dipolarophile in the presence of Cu (II)/ascorbate/water/n‐butanol reaction medium. Three compounds 5h–j exhibited 6.25 μg/mL MIC against M. tuberculosis. Among the compounds screened for antifungal activity, lowest MIC of 6.25 μg/mL was observed for 5c against A. niger that also exhibited DNA cleavage observed by agarose gel electrophoresis. All the compounds were moderately active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. The cytotoxic effect of potent compounds on normal cells (V79 and HBL100) was assessed by MTT assay.
Fine structural analysis of the fibrillar adhesion apparatus in ladybird beetle
Authors: Moon Myung‐Jin , Park Jong‐Gu , Choi Won‐Jae 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe attachment system on the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis is composed of a pair of pretarsal claws and adhesive pads at the tarsal segments. The claws, which are connected to the pretarsal segment, are mainly used to hold the rough substrates by their apical diverged hooks. In contrast, the adhesive pads have an adhesive function when landing on smooth surfaces. They are interspersed at the ventral adhesive pad of each tarsomere, and are composed of two kinds of hairy setae. The discoid tip seta (DtS) is located at the central region of each adhesive pad. The DtS has a spoon‐shaped endplate with a long and narrow shaft. In contrast, the pointed tip seta (PtS) is interspersed along the marginal regions of each adhesive pad, and has a hook‐shaped spine near the tip. In the present study, we found numerous fine cuticular pores beneath the setae, which seem to be related to the secretion of some adhesive fluids. It may be deduced that ladybird beetles can attach to smooth surfaces more effectively by employing adhesive fluids filling in surface crevices to overcome problems cause by their larger size endplates.
Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Ni–Cu Sulfide Ores in the Tejadillas Prospect (Cortegana Igneous Complex, SW Spain)
Authors: PIÑA Rubén , GERVILLA Fernando , ORTEGA Lorena , LUNAR Rosario 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAfter the discovery of the Aguablanca ore deposit (the unique Ni–Cu mine operating in SW Europe), a number of mafic‐ultramafic intrusions bearing Ni–Cu magmatic sulfides have been found in the Ossa–Morena Zone of the Iberian Massif (SW Iberian Peninsula). The Tejadillas prospect is one of these intrusions, situated close to the border between the Ossa–Morena Zone and the South Portuguese Zone of the Iberian Massif. This prospect contains an average grade of 0.16 wt % Ni and 0.08 wt % Cu with peaks of 1.2 wt % Ni and 0.2 wt % Cu. It forms part of the Cortegana Igneous Complex, a group of small mafic‐ultramafic igneous bodies located 65 km west of the Aguablanca deposit. In spite of good initial results, exploration work has revealed that sulfide mineralization is much less abundant than in Aguablanca. A comparative study using whole‐rock geochemical data between Aguablanca and Tejadillas shows that the Tejadillas igneous rocks present a lower degree of crustal contamination than those of Aguablanca. The low crustal contamination of the Tejadillas magmas inhibited the assimilation of significant amounts of crustal sulfur to the silicate magmas, resulting in the sparse formation of sulfides. In addition, Tejadillas sulfides are strongly depleted in PGE, with total PGE contents ranging from 14 to 81 ppb, the sum of Pd and Pt, since Os, Ir, Ru and Rh are usually below or close to the detection limit (2 ppb). High Cu/Pd ratios (9700–146,000) and depleted mantle‐normalized PGE patterns suggest that the Tejadillas sulfides formed from PGE‐depleted silicate magmas. Modeling has led us to establish that these sulfides segregated under R‐factors between 1000 and 10,000 from a silicate melt that previously experienced 0.015% of sulfide extraction. All these results highlight the importance of contamination processes with S‐rich crustal rocks and multiple episodes of sulfide segregations in the genesis of high‐tenor Ni–Cu–PGE ore deposits in mafic‐ultramafic intrusions of the region.
Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion‐Related Gold Systems?
Authors: ALIYARI Farhang , RASTAD Ebrahim , MOHAJJEL Mohammad 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMost of the known large gold deposits in Iran are located along the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran, which hosts a wide range of gold deposit types. Gold deposits in the belt, hosted in upper Paleozoic to upper Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences of lower greenschist to lower amphibolite metamorphic grade, appear to represent mainly orogenic and intrusion‐related gold deposit types. The largest resource occurs at Muteh, with smaller deposits/occurrences at Zartorosht, Qolqoleh, Kervian, Qabaqloujeh, Kharapeh, and Astaneh. Although a major part of the gold deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone are related to metamorphic devolatilization, some deposits including Muteh and Astaneh are related to short‐lived disruptions in an extensional tectonic regime and are associated with magma generation and emplacement. The age of gold ore formation in the orogenic gold deposits is Late Cretaceous to Tertiary, reflecting peak‐metamorphism during regional Cretaceous–Paleocene convergence and compression. The Oligocene to Pliocene age of most intrusion‐related gold systems is consistent with the young structural setting of the gold ore bodies; these deposits are sequestered along normal faults, correlated with Middle to Late Tertiary extensional tectonic events. This relationship is comparable to the magmatic‐metallogenetic evolution of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, where the number of different types of gold‐copper deposits and the magnitude of the larger ones followed development of a magmatic arc. The appropriate explanation may be related to two different stages of gold mineralization consisting of a first compressional phase during the Late Cretaceous to Early‐Middle Tertiary, which is related to orogenic gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh, Kervian, Qabaqloujeh, Kharapeh, and Zartorosht deposits, and the extensional phase during the Eocene to Pliocene that is recognized by young intrusion‐related gold mineralization in the Muteh and Astaneh deposits.
Validation and comparison of microsatellite markers derived from Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) genomic and expressed sequence tags libraries
Authors: MOLINA‐LUZÓN M. J. , LÓPEZ J. R. , NAVAJAS‐PÉREZ R. , ROBLES F. , RUIZ‐REJÓN C. , De La HERRÁN R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this work, we tested 100 potential new microsatellites (SSRs) equally derived from expressed sequence tag (EST) and enriched genomic‐DNA libraries from Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup), a valuable cultured flatfish species. A final set of 69 new polymorphic microsatellites were validated after a population analysis, 37 of which corresponded to the first EST library constructed for Senegalese sole (EST‐SSR). Although differences were not significant, EST sequences provided a higher proportion of quality markers (74%) than anonymous ones (64%). Most of the rejected anonymous SSRs (17 loci) were discarded because they did not generate PCR products; only one was monomorphic. On the contrary, all EST‐SSRs gave PCR products, although monomorphism was more frequent (26%). Altogether, the number of alleles per locus was fairly similar in both SSR types, ranging from 2 to 19. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.105 to 1 and from 0.108 to 0.937, respectively. The main difference between the two sets was the percentage of annotated loci, being higher in EST‐SSRs, as expected. Within the EST‐SSRs, 46% of them showed flanking regions that significantly matched with EST sequences from other three flatfish species; however, the microsatellite itself was present only on half of these cases. These two new SSR sets constitute a suitable tool for fingerprinting, gene flow, genetic diversity, genome mapping studies and molecular‐assisted breeding in this species.
Designing studies to detect differences in species occupancy: power analysis under imperfect detection
Authors: Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. 
Published: June 2012

Summary1. Studies aimed at estimating species site occupancy while accounting for imperfect detection are common in ecology and conservation. Often there is interest in assessing whether occupancy differs between two samples, for example, two points in time, areas or habitats. To ensure that meaningful results are obtained in such studies, attention has to be paid to their design, and power analysis is a useful means to accomplish this.2. We provide tools for conducting power analysis in studies aimed at detecting occupancy differences under imperfect detection and explore associated design trade‐offs. We derive a formula in closed form that conveniently allows determining the sample size required to detect a difference in occupancy with a given power. Because this formula is based on asymptotic approximations, we use simulations to assess its performance, at the same time comparing that of different significance tests.3. We show that the closed‐formula performs well in a wide range of scenarios, providing a useful lower sample size bound. For the simulated scenarios, a Wald test on the probability scale was the most powerful test among those evaluated.4. We found that choosing the number of repeat visits based on existing recommendations for single‐season studies will often be a good approach in terms of minimizing the effort required to achieve a given power.5. We demonstrate that our results and discussion are applicable regardless of whether independence or Markovian dependence is assumed in the occupancy status of sites between seasons, and illustrate their utility when designing to detect a trend in multiple‐season studies.6. Assessing differences in species occupancy is relevant in many ecological and conservation applications. For the outcome of these monitoring efforts to be meaningful and so to avoid wasting the often limited resources, survey design has to be carefully addressed to ensure that the relevant differences can be indeed detected and that this is achieved in the most efficient way. Here, we provide guidance and tools of immediate practical use for the design of such studies, including code to conduct power analysis.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Oseltamivir: Single- and Multiple-Dose Phase I Studies with Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Brennan Barbara J. , Davies Brian , Cirrincione-Dall Georgina , Morcos Peter N. , Beryozkina Anna , Chappey Colombe , Aceves Baldó Pau , Lennon-Chrimes Sian , Rayner Craig R. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
There is an unmet need for an intravenous (i.v.) neuraminidase inhibitor, particularly for patients with severe influenza who cannot take oral medication. Two phase I pharmacokinetic and safety studies of i.v. oseltamivir were carried out in healthy volunteers. The first was an open-label, randomized, four-period, two-sequence, single-dose trial of 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg oseltamivir i.v. over 2 h and a 75-mg oral dose of oseltamivir. The second was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multiple-dose study in which participants were randomized to 100 mg or 200 mg oseltamivir or placebo (normal saline) i.v. over 2 h every 12 h for 5 days. Exposure to the active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) after dosing achieved with 100 mg oseltamivir administered i.v. over 2 h was comparable to that achieved with 75 mg administered orally. Single i.v. doses of oseltamivir up to 400 mg were well tolerated with no new safety signals. Multiple-dose data confirmed good tolerability of 100 mg and 200 mg oseltamivir and showed efficacious OC exposures with 100 mg i.v. over 2 h twice daily for 5 days. These results support further exploration of i.v. oseltamivir as an influenza treatment option for patients unable to take oral medication.
Role of IS
Kpn7
and Deletions in
bla
KPC
Gene Expression
Authors: Naas Thierry , Cuzon Gaelle , Truong Ha-Vy , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The carbapenemase-encoding
bla
KPC
gene, which is rapidly spreading in Gram-negative rods, is located on a Tn
3
-based transposon, Tn
4401
, which carries a polymorphic region giving rise to five isoforms (
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
, and
e
) that is located immediately upstream of the
bla
KPC
gene and thus likely involved in its expression. Using 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5′RACE), we identified three potential promoter sequences (P1, P2, and P3) upstream of the
bla
KPC
gene, of which only P1 (absent from isoforms
c
and
d
) and P2 (present in all isoforms, with a −35 box located inside the right inverted repeat of IS
Kpn7
) were shown to be true promoters involved in expression. One representative of each different promoter combination of Tn
4401
, i.e., P2 alone (isoform
c
), P1-P2 (isoform
a
), and P1-P2-P3 (isoform
b
), was cloned into an
Escherichia coli
plasmid vector. Using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the highest level of expression was obtained with isoform
a
(P1 and P2), which is also the most commonly encountered form in enterobacterial clinical isolates, followed by isoforms
b
(P1, P2, and P3) and
c
(P2 only). These differences in expression led to slight differences in MIC values of carbapenems.
In silico
analysis of the DNA sequence of isoform
b
revealed a stem-loop structure that is likely responsible for strong stops observed in 5′RACE experiments and for decreased expression compared to that with isoform
a
(P1 and P2). In addition, such structures could also be at the origin for the deletions observed in isoforms
a
and
c
. Taken together, these results indicate that the P1 and P2 promoters both contribute to the expression of the
bla
KPC
gene and that the construct with the highest level of expression is that possessing isoform
a
, which is also the most commonly encountered form in clinical isolates.
Molecular Organization of Small Plasmids Bearing
bla
TEM-1
and Conferring Resistance to β-Lactams in Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Søndergaard Annette , San Millan Alvaro , Santos-Lopez Alfonso , Nielsen Signe M. , Gonzalez-Zorn Bruno , Nørskov-Lauritsen Niels 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

TEM-1 is the dominant β-lactamase of
Haemophilus influenzae
and can be located on small plasmids. Three distinct plasmids with sizes from 4,304 to 5,646 nucleotides (nt) were characterized: pA1606, pA1209, and pPN223. In addition to TEM-1 and a replication enzyme of the Rep 3 superfamily, pA1606 carries a Tn
3
resolvase gene and pA1606 and pA1209 carry an open reading frame (ORF) similar to a plasmid recombination enzyme gene described in Gram-positive bacteria. The plasmids transformed strain Rd to the ampicillin-resistant phenotype.
Bacterial Adhesion Forces with Substratum Surfaces and the Susceptibility of Biofilms to Antibiotics
Authors: Muszanska Agnieszka K. , Nejadnik M. Reza , Chen Yun , van den Heuvel Edwin R. , Busscher Henk J. , van der Mei Henny C. , Norde Willem 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Biofilms causing biomaterial-associated infection resist antibiotic treatment and usually necessitate the replacement of infected implants. Here we relate bacterial adhesion forces and the antibiotic susceptibility of biofilms on uncoated and polymer brush-coated silicone rubber. Nine strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
adhered more weakly to brush-coated silicone rubber (−0.05 ± 0.03 to −0.51 ± 0.62 nN) than to uncoated silicone rubber (−1.05 ± 0.46 to −5.1 ± 1.3 nN). Biofilms of weakly adhering organisms on polymer brush coatings remained in a planktonic state, susceptible to gentamicin, unlike biofilms formed on uncoated silicone rubber.
New MLS
B
Resistance Gene
erm
(43) in Staphylococcus lentus
Authors: Schwendener Sybille , Perreten Vincent 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The search for a specific rRNA methylase motif led to the identification of the new macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance gene
erm
(43) in
Staphylococcus lentus
. An inducible resistance phenotype was demonstrated by cloning and expressing
erm
(43) and its regulatory region in
Staphylococcus aureus
. The
erm
(43) gene was detected in two different DNA fragments, of 6,230 bp and 1,559 bp, that were each integrated at the same location in the chromosome in several
S. lentus
isolates of human, dog, and chicken origin.