bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence‐based fouling prediction and optimization of a membrane filtration process for drinking water treatment
Authors: Peiris Ramila H. , Budman Hector , Moresoli Christine , Legge Raymond L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA novel fluorescence‐based approach is proposed for modeling, predicting, and optimizing different fouling dynamics in an ultrafiltration (UF) process for drinking water treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract information in terms of principal components (PCs), related to major membrane foulant groups, from fluorescence excitation–emission matrix measurements captured during UF of natural river water. The evolution of PC scores during the filtration process was then related to membrane fouling using dynamic balances of latent variable values (PC scores). This approach was found suitable for forecasting fouling behaviors with good accuracy based solely on fluorescence data collected 15 min from the start of the filtration. The proposed approach was tested experimentally through model‐based optimization of backwashing times with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption per unit amount of water produced during the filtration process. This approach was also useful for identifying fouling groups contributing to reversible and irreversible fouling. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDisease overview:The myelodysplastic (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older male and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy.Diagnosis:Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry, or molecular genetics is complementary but not diagnostic.Risk‐stratification:Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system is the International Prognostic Scoring System. This score divides patients into a lower risk subset (low and intermediate‐1) and a higher risk subset (int‐2 and high). Other more modern systems have been developed that allow more precise risk calculation.Risk‐adapted therapy:Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts and more recently cytogenetic profile. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia, and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5‐azacitidine and decitabine have activity in higher risk MDS. 5‐azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation.Management of progressive or refractory disease:At the present time, there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include cytarabine‐based therapy, transplantation, and participation on a clinical trial. Am. J. Hematol. 86:491–498, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infrared imaging for leak detection of N95 filtering facepiece respirators: A pilot study
Authors: Roberge Raymond J. , Monaghan William D. , Palmiero Andrew J. , Shaffer Ronald , Bergman Michael S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study was undertaken to determine the utility of an infrared camera (IRC) for assessing leaks around filtering facepiece respirators (FFR) during quantitative respirator fit testing.MethodsEight subjects underwent quantitative fit testing on six N95 FFR models (48 total fit tests) while simultaneously being recorded with an IRC.ResultsThe IRC detected 49 exhalation leaks during 39 tests and no leaks in nine tests. Exhalation leaks were identified in all failed fit tests (13) and a majority (26 of 35) of passed tests. Anatomically, the nasal region and malar (cheekbone) regions accounted for 71% of identified leak sites. Fit factors for fit tests without identified exhalation leaks were significantly higher than fit tests with leaks detected by IRC (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThermal imaging using IRC can detect leaks in respiratory protective equipment and has the potential as a screening tool for assessment of the adequacy of post‐donning FFR fit. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:628–636, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethnic disparities in the perception of ethical risks from psychiatric genetic studies
Authors: Nwulia E.A. , Hipolito M.M. , Aamir S. , Lawson W.B. , Nurnberger J.I. ,   BiGS,   Consortium
Published: May 2011

AbstractTo examine if ethnic differences in concerns about unfavorable consequences from psychiatric genetic studies, existing between non‐Hispanic Black and White populations, persist among participants in an actual genetic study of bipolar disorder. Historically, minority subjects have been less willing to participate in such studies. Participants in the US Bipolar Genome Study (BIGS) were assessed on six items of concerns in the Questionnaire on Genetic Risk (QGR). Each item had five response categories, ranging from “not at all” concerned to “very concerned.” Responses from Black (N = 188) and White participants (N = 1,065) formed the base for this analysis. Concerns about unfavorable consequences of conducting psychiatric genetic studies were prevalent in the whole sample. Concern for medical insurance was most prevalent (63.4%), followed by job concern (58.8%) and stigma (57.4%). Racial discrimination was less prevalent (28.1%). Blacks endorsed significantly stronger concerns for all consequences except the medical insurance item (P < 0.008). The most significant ethnic disparity in concerns was for racial discrimination (P < 0.0001). Associations between levels of concern and ethnicity remained significant after adjustments for other factors in multivariate models. Ethnic differences (Blacks vs. Whites) in perceived concerns about unfavorable consequences from participation persist among participants in an actual psychiatric genetic study. This suggests that other factors may play a more critical role in the decision not to participate. Future studies should investigate more comprehensive sources of barriers to consenting for ongoing psychiatric genetic studies in representative samples, incorporating assessments from non‐participants as well as participants. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring DRD4 and its interaction with SLC6A3 as possible risk factors for adult ADHD: A meta‐analysis in four European populations
Authors: Sánchez‐Mora Cristina , Ribasés Marta , Casas Miquel , Bayés Mònica , Bosch Rosa , Fernàndez‐Castillo Noelia , Brunso Lucas , Jacobsen Kaya K. , Landaas Elisabeth T. , Lundervold Astri J. , Gross‐Lesch Silke , Kreiker Susanne , Jacob Christian P. , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hoogman Martine , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. , Kooij J.J. Sandra , Mick Eric , Asherson Phil , Faraone Stephen V. , Franke Barbara , Reif Andreas , Johansson Stefan , Haavik Jan , Ramos‐Quiroga Josep Antoni , Cormand Bru 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder affecting about 4–8% of children. ADHD persists into adulthood in around 65% of cases, either as the full condition or in partial remission with persistence of symptoms. Pharmacological, animal and molecular genetic studies support a role for genes of the dopaminergic system in ADHD due to its essential role in motor control, cognition, emotion, and reward. Based on these data, we analyzed two functional polymorphisms within the DRD4 gene (120 bp duplication in the promoter and 48 bp VNTR in exon 3) in a clinical sample of 1,608 adult ADHD patients and 2,352 controls of Caucasian origin from four European countries that had been recruited in the context of the International Multicentre persistent ADHD CollaboraTion (IMpACT). Single‐marker analysis of the two polymorphisms did not reveal association with ADHD. In contrast, multiple‐marker meta‐analysis showed a nominal association (P = 0.02) of the L‐4R haplotype (dup120bp‐48bpVNTR) with adulthood ADHD, especially with the combined clinical subtype. Since we previously described association between adulthood ADHD and the dopamine transporter SLC6A3 9R‐6R haplotype (3′UTR VNTR‐intron 8 VNTR) in the same dataset, we further tested for gene × gene interaction between DRD4 and SLC6A3. However, we detected no epistatic effects but our results rather suggest additive effects of the DRD4 risk haplotype and the SLC6A3 gene. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
White matter lesions defined by diffusion tensor imaging in older adults
Authors: Back Stephen A. , Kroenke Christopher D. , Sherman Larry S. , Lawrence Gus , Gong Xi , Taber Erin N. , Sonnen Joshua A. , Larson Eric B. , Montine Thomas J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying magnetic resonance imaging‐defined white matter (WM) changes associated with age‐related cognitive decline remain poorly defined. We tested the hypothesis that WM lesions in older adults, defined by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arise in the setting of vascular brain injury (VBI) and are characterized by increased free radical injury and aberrant oligodendrocyte lineage (OL) cell response to injury.Methods:We undertook a multimodal analysis of prefrontal cortex (PFC) WM from 25 autopsies derived from a population‐based cohort where VBI and Alzheimer disease (AD) frequently coincide. Ex vivo high field strength DTI measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient, and axial and radial (D⊥) diffusivity were measured at high magnetic field strength (11.7T) and analyzed relative to quantitative in vivo biomarkers of free radical injury, an OL‐specific marker Olig2, and histologic evaluation of hyaluronan (HA), an inhibitor of OL maturation.Results:Coincident AD and VBI showed significant association with lower FA and a robust relationship between decreasing FA and increasing D⊥. Free radical injury to docosahexaenoate and adrenate in PFC WM was significantly elevated in cases with VBI independent of AD, and was inversely correlated with FA. Similarly, increased density of Olig2‐immunoreactive cells in PFC WM was significantly associated with VBI independent of AD and colocalized with regions enriched in HA.Interpretation:DTI‐defined PFC WM lesions in older individuals are characterized by free radical injury to myelin and neuroaxonal elements that coincides with pronounced expansion of the pool of OL cells in HA‐rich regions. ANN NEUROL 2011;70: 465–476.
Sulfonamide‐derived compounds and their transition metal complexes: synthesis, biological evaluation and X‐ray structure of 4‐bromo‐2‐[(E)‐{4‐[(3,4‐dimethylisoxazol‐5 yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl} iminiomethyl] phenolate
Authors: Chohan Zahid H. , Shad Hazoor A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSulfonamide‐derived new ligands, 4‐({[(E)‐(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]‐amino}methyl)benzenesulfonamide and 4‐bromo‐2‐((E)‐{4‐[(3,4‐dimethylisoxazol‐5‐yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}iminiomethyl)phenolate and their transition metal [cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II)] complexes were synthesized and characterized. The nature of bonding and structure of all the synthesized compounds were deduced from physical (magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements), spectral (IR, 1H and 13C NMR, electronic, mass spectrometry) and analytical (CHN analysis) data. The structure of the ligand, 4‐bromo‐2‐((E)‐{4‐[(3,4‐dimethylisoxazol‐5‐yl)sulfamoyl]phenyl} iminiomethyl)phenolate was also determined by X‐ray diffraction method. An octahedral geometry was suggested for all the complexes. In order to evaluate the biological activity of the ligands and the effect of metals, the ligands and their metal complexes were screened for in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity. The results of these studies revealed that all compounds showed moderate to significant antibacterial activity against one or more bacterial strains and good antifungal activity against various fungal strains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of π‐Extended Ferrocene with Varied Anchoring Groups as Photosensitizers in TiO2‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Chauhan Ratna , Trivedi Manoj , Bahadur Lal , Kumar Abhinav 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo new compounds, FcCHNC6H4COOH (1) and FcCHNCH2CH2OH (2) (Fc=C5H4FeC5H5), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ESI‐MS. Attempt has been made to explain their quasi‐reversible redox behavior evidenced by cyclic voltammetry using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Light‐harvesting properties of both the compounds and also the starting material, FcCHO (3), have been studied using these compounds as photosensitizers in TiO2‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells having either a propylene carbonate‐based electrolyte or ionic liquid electrolyte, namely, 1‐propyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide (PMII). Long‐term stability of the photocurrent output of the cell using compound 1 as photosensitizer has been monitored periodically over 1400 h.
Stereoaligned Epitaxial Growth of Single‐Crystalline Platinum Nanowires by Chemical Vapor Transport
Authors: Yoo Youngdong , Han Sol , Kim Minjung , Kang Taejoon , In Juneho , Kim Bongsoo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEpitaxial Pt nanowire (NW) arrays are synthesized for the first time by a chemical vapor transport method by using a metal halide as a precursor. Here we report that the epitaxial growth direction of NWs can be steered by seed crystal morphology. Octahedral seeds grow into inclined NWs possessing six growth directions, whereas half‐octahedral seeds grow into vertical and horizontal NWs. Interfacial energies between the seed material and the substrate are critical in determining the morphology of seed crystals. We also demonstrate that non‐SERS‐active Pt NWs can show strong surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra by placing them on Ag films. The active SERS observation would help to elucidate platinum‐catalyzed chemical reactions.
Synthesis of Terpolymers by Click Reactions
Authors: Altintas Ozcan , Tunca Umit 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWell‐defined polymeric structures were easily generated through living polymerization systems, in particular, living radical polymerizations. The polymeric precursors with orthogonal functionalities were subsequently clicked together with single or double (combinatorial) click reactions, such as the copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) and Diels–Alder reactions, to create a wide variety of linear and nonlinear terpolymers.
Expression analysis of some genes regulated by retinoic acid in controls and triadimefon‐exposed embryos: is the amphibian Xenopus laevis a suitable model for gene‐based comparative teratology?
Authors: Di Renzo Francesca , Rossi Federica , Bacchetta Renato , Prati Mariangela , Giavini Erminio , Menegola Elena 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of nonmammal models in teratological studies is a matter of debate and seems to be justified if the embryotoxic mechanism involves conserved processes. Published data on mammals and Xenopus laevis suggest that azoles are teratogenic by altering the endogenous concentration of retinoic acid (RA). The expression of some genes (Shh, Ptch‐1, Gsc, and Msx2) controlled by retinoic acid is downregulated in rat embryos exposed at the phylotypic stage to the triazole triadimefon (FON). In order to propose X. laevis as a model for gene‐based comparative teratology, this work evaluates the expression of Shh, Ptch‐1, Gsc, and Msx2 in FON‐exposed X. laevis embryos. METHODS: Embryos, exposed to a high concentration level (500 µM) of FON from stage 13 till 17, were examined at stages 17, 27, and 47. Stage 17 and 27 embryos were processed to perform quantitative RT‐PCR. RESULTS: The developmental rate was never affected by FON at any considered stage. FON‐exposed stage 47 larvae showed the typical craniofacial malformations. A significant downregulation of Gsc was observed in FON‐exposed stage 17 embryos. Shh, Ptch‐1, Msx2 showed a high fluctuation of expression both in control and in FON‐exposed samples both at stages 17 and 27. CONCLUSION: The downregulation of Gsc mimics the effects of FON on rat embryos, showing for this gene a common effect of FON in the two vertebrate classes. The high fluctuation observed in the gene expression of the other genes, however, suggests that X. laevis at this stage has limited utility for gene‐based comparative teratology. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:189–194, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental toxicity of Citrus aurantium in rats
Authors: Hansen Deborah K. , Juliar Beth E. , White Gene E. , Pellicore Linda S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ephedra was commonly used in herbal products marketed for weight loss until safety concerns forced its removal from products. Even before the ban, manufacturers had begun to replace ephedra with other compounds, including Citrus aurantium, or bitter orange. The major component in the bitter orange extract is synephrine which is chemically similar to ephedrine. The purpose of this study was to determine if relatively pure synephrine or synephrine present as a constituent of a bitter orange extract produced developmental toxicity in rats. METHOD: Sprague‐Dawley rats were dosed daily by gavage with one of several different doses of synephrine from one of two different extracts. Caffeine was added to some doses. Animals were sacrificed on GD 21, and fetuses were examined for the presence of various developmental toxic endpoints. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At doses up to 100 mg synephrine/kg body weight, there were no adverse effects on embryolethality, fetal weight, or incidences of gross, visceral, or skeletal abnormalities. There was a decrease in maternal weight at 50 mg synephrine/kg body weight when given as the 6% synephrine extract with 25 mg caffeine/kg body weight; there was also a decrease in maternal weight in the caffeine only group. This decrease in body weight may have been due to decreased food consumption which was also observed in these two groups. Overall, doses of up to 100 mg synephrine/kg body weight did not produce developmental toxicity in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 92:216–223, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) leakage from microbial biosensors provides useful information for the evaluation of the scale‐down effect
Authors: Delvigne Frank , Brognaux Alison , Francis Frédéric , Twizere Jean‐Claude , Gorret Nathalie , Sorensen Soren J. , Thonart Philippe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMixing deficiencies can be potentially detected by the use of a dedicated whole cell microbial biosensor. In this work, a csiE promoter induced under carbon‐limited conditions was involved in the elaboration of such biosensor. The cisE biosensor exhibited interesting response after up and down‐shift of the dilution rate in chemostat mode. Glucose limitation was accompanied by green fluorescent protein (GFP) leakage to the extracellular medium. In order to test the responsiveness of microbial biosensors to substrate fluctuations in large‐scale, a scale‐down reactor (SDR) experiment was performed. The glucose fluctuations were characterized at the single cell level and tend to decrease the induction of GFP. Simulations run on the basis of a stochastic hydrodynamic model have shown the variability and the frequencies at which biosensors are exposed to glucose gradient in the SDR. GFP leakage was observed to a great extent in the case of a culture operated in well‐mixed fed‐batch mode, by comparison with those operated in SDR. GFP leakage seems to be correlated to a higher membrane permeability, confirming previous studies highlighting a better cell viability in cultures operated in a fluctuating environment. Our results suggest that GFP leakage could be used in parallel to the normal GFP biosensor function in order to assess microbial viability in process conditions.
Empirical model and in vivo characterization of the bacterial response to synthetic gene expression show that ribosome allocation limits growth rate
Authors: Carrera Javier , Rodrigo Guillermo , Singh Vijai , Kirov Boris , Jaramillo Alfonso 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSynthetic biology uses modeling to facilitate the design of new genetic constructions. In particular, it is of utmost importance to model the reaction of the cellular chassis when expressing heterologous systems. We constructed a mathematical model for the response of a bacterial cell chassis under heterologous expression. For this, we relied on previous characterization of the growth‐rate dependence on cellular resource availability (in this case, DNA and RNA polymerases and ribosomes). Accordingly, we estimated the maximum capacities of the cell for heterologous expression to be 46% of the total RNA and the 33% of the total protein. To experimentally validate our model, we engineered two genetic constructions that involved the constitutive expression of a fluorescent reporter in a vector with a tunable origin of replication. We performed fluorescent measurements using population and single‐cell fluorescent measurements. Our model predicted cell growth for several heterologous constructions under five different culture conditions and various plasmid copy numbers with significant accuracy, and confirmed that ribosomes act as the limiting resource. Our study also confirmed that the bacterial response to synthetic gene expression could be understood in terms of the requirement for cellular resources and could be predicted from relevant cellular parameters.
Design and Synthesis of “Dumb‐bell” and “Triangular” Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanopolyoxometalate Clusters and Their Characterisation through ESI‐MS Analyses
Authors: Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Li Feng‐Yan , Lydon Claire , Miras Haralampos N. , Long De‐Liang , Xu Lin , Cronin Leroy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS)‐based linear (bis(TRIS)) and triangular (tris(TRIS)) ligands has been synthesised and were covalently attached to the Wells–Dawson type cluster [P2V3W15O62]9− to generate a series of nanometer‐sized inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxometalate clusters. These huge hybrids, with a molecular mass similar to that of small proteins in the range of ≈10–16 kDa, were unambiguously characterised by using high‐resolution ESI‐MS. The ESI‐MS spectra of these compounds revealed, in negative ion mode, a characteristic pattern showing distinct groups of peaks corresponding to different anionic charge states ranging from 3− to 8− for the hybrids. Each peak in these individual groups could be unambiguously assigned to the corresponding hybrid cluster anion with varying combinations of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) and other cations. This study therefore highlights the prowess of the high‐resolution ESI‐MS for the unambiguous characterisation of large, nanoscale, inorganic–organic hybrid clusters that have huge mass, of the order of 10–16 kDa. Also, the designed synthesis of these compounds points to the fact that we were able to achieve a great deal of structural pre‐design in the synthesis of these inorganic–organic hybrid polyoxometalates (POMs) by means of a ligand design route, which is often not possible in traditional “one‐pot” POM synthesis.