bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterned mist deposition of tri-colour CdSe/ZnS quantum dot films toward RGB LED devices
Authors: Pickering S. , Kshirsagar A. , Ruzyllo J. , Xu J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this experiment a technique of mist deposition was explored as a way to form patterned ultra-thin-films of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystalline quantum dots using colloidal solutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of mist deposition as a patterning method for creating multicolour quantum dot light emitting diodes. Mist deposition was used to create three rows of quantum dot light emitting diodes on a single device with each row having a separate colour. The colours chosen were red, green and yellow with corresponding peak wavelengths of 620 nm, 558 nm, and 587 nm. The results obtained from this experiment show that it is possible to create multicolour devices on a single substrate. The peak brightnesses obtained in this experiment for the red, green, and yellow were 508 cd/m, 507 cd/m, and 665 cd/m, respectively. The similar LED brightness is important in display technologies using colloidal quantum dots in a precursor solution to ensure one colour does not dominate the emitted spectrum. Results obtained in-terms of brightness were superior to those achieved with inkjet deposition. This study has shown that mist deposition is a viable method for patterned deposition applied to quantum dot light emitting diode display technologies.
Spatio-temporal dependencies in functional connectivity in rodent cortical cultures
Authors: Spencer Matthew C. , Downes Julia H. , Xydas Dimitris , Hammond Mark W. , Becerra Victor M. , Whalley Benjamin J. , Warwick Kevin , Nasuto Slawomir J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractModels of functional connectivity in cortical cultures on multi-electrodes arrays may aid in understanding how cognitive pathways form and improve techniques that aim to interface with neuronal systems. To enable research on such models, this study uses both data- and model-driven approaches to determine what dependencies are present in and between functional connectivity networks derived from bursts of extracellularly recorded activity. Properties of excitation in bursts were analysed using correlative techniques to assess the degree of linear dependence and then two parallel techniques were used to assess functional connectivity. Three models presenting increasing levels of spatio-temporal dependency were used to capture the dynamics of individual functional connections and their consistencies were verified using surrogate data. By comparing network-wide properties between model generated networks and functional networks from data, complex interdependencies were revealed. This indicates the persistent co-activation of neuronal pathways in spontaneous bursts, as can be found in whole brain structures.
The impact of Outer Western Carpathian nappe tectonics on the recent stress-strain state in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Moravosilesian Zone, Bohemian Massif)
Authors: Ptáček Jiří , Grygar Radomír , Koníček Petr , Waclawik Petr 
Published: February 2012

The impact of Outer Western Carpathian nappe tectonics on the recent stress-strain state in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Moravosilesian Zone, Bohemian Massif)
The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) represents a typical foreland basin developed during the Variscan orogenic phase of the Late Carboniferous. Later, during the Alpine orogeny the Outer Western Carpathian nappes were thrust over the post-Variscan foreland, to which the USCB belongs. Due to this complex tectonic history, redistribution of stress fields occurred in the post-Variscan basement. Furthermore, post-Variscan denudation processes probably also contributed to recent stress regimes. Nevertheless, the impact of the West Carpathian orogeny can be regarded as the most significant influence. The in-situ measurement of recent stress fields in deposits of the Karviná Formation of the USCB and structural analysis of the Czech part of the USCB, has focused on verification of the structure and stress interference of the Carpathian nappes and post-Variscan foreland basement. In the southernmost part of the Karviná Subbasin, the easternmost domain of the USCB, situated in the apical zone of the Variscan accretionary wedge, hydrofracturing and overcoring stress measurements have been recorded in coal seams from selected coal mines. The data have been supplemented by interpretation of focal mechanism solutions of mine induced seismic events. Measurements of recent in-situ stress regimes in the Karviná Formation of the USCB indicate a dominant generally NW-SE orientation of the maximum horizontal compression stress. The results demonstrate that the stress-strain regime in the Karviná Formation in the Variscan Upper Carboniferous basement is significantly influenced by the stress field along the Outer Western Carpathian nappes front. Besides improving our understanding of recent regional stress fields within an area of mutual structural-tectonic interference by both the Variscan and Alpine orogenies, the measured data may contribute to more optimal and safer mining activities in the coal basin.
Late Pleistocene voles (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) from the Baranica Cave (Serbia)
Authors: Bogićević Katarina , Nenadić Draženko , Mihailović Dušan 
Published: February 2012

Late Pleistocene voles (Arvicolinae, Rodentia) from the Baranica Cave (Serbia)
Baranica is a cave system situated in the south-eastern part of Serbia, four kilometers south to Knjaževac, on the right bank of the Trgoviški Timok. The investigations in Baranica were conducted from 1994 to 1997 by the Faculty of Philosophy from Belgrade and the National Museum of Knjaževac. Four geological layers of Quaternary age were recovered. The abundance of remains of both large and small mammals was noticed in the early phase of the research. In this paper, the remains of eight vole species are described: Arvicola terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), Chionomys nivalis (Martins, 1842), Microtus (Microtus) arvalis (Pallas, 1778) and Microtus (Microtus) agrestis (Linnaeus, 1761), Microtus (Stenocranius) gregalis (Pallas, 1779), Microtus (Terricola) subterraneus (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1836), Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) and Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773). Among them, steppe and open area inhabitants prevail. Based on the evolutionary level and dimensions of the Arvicola terrestris molars, as well as the overall characteristics of the fauna, it was concluded that the deposits were formed in the last glacial period of the Late Pleistocene. These conclusions are rather consistent with the absolute dating of large mammal bones (23.520 ± 110 B.P. for Layer 2 and 35.780 ± 320 B.P. for Layer 4).
Multi-Agent and Service Oriented Architectures for Intelligent Tutoring System Development
Authors: Lavendelis Egons , Bicans Janis 
Published: February 2012

Multi-Agent and Service Oriented Architectures for Intelligent Tutoring System DevelopmentTraditional modular architecture of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) does not provide sufficient modularity of complex ITSs. Distributed technologies like services and agents are used to increase modularity of ITSs by implementing traditional modules as sets of services or agents. The paper describes holonic agent architecture that implements each module as one or more holonic agents. It uses the lessons learned from the multi-agent architecture to propose service oriented ITS architecture.
Interactive Inductive Learning: Application in Domain of Education
Authors: Birzniece Ilze , Kirikova Marite 
Published: February 2012

Interactive Inductive Learning: Application in Domain of Education
globalization presents an opportunity to obtain education from several education providers by using different study exchange programmes. This possibility, in turn, creates the need to compare available study courses in foreign institutions to courses on the curriculum of the institution which issues the degree. Manual course comparision is time consuming and requires involvment of highly skilled experts. Otherwise, the comparison may result in a superficial intuitive judgement and, consequently, course incompatibility problems. Interactive inductive learning supported by enterprise modelling is proposed as a supporting mechanism which can help to save the time an effort in study course comparison.
An Analysis of Wi-Fi Based Indoor Positioning Accuracy
Authors: Jekabsons Gints , Kairish Vadim , Zuravlyov Vadim 
Published: February 2012

An Analysis of Wi-Fi Based Indoor Positioning AccuracyThe increasing demand for location based services inside buildings has made indoor positioning a significant research topic. This study deals with indoor positioning using the Wireless Ethernet IEEE 802.11 (Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi) standard that has a distinct advantage of low cost over other indoor wireless technologies. The aim of this study is to examine several aspects of location fingerprinting based indoor positioning that affect positioning accuracy. Overall, the positioning accuracy achieved in the performed experiments is 2.0 to 2.5 meters.
Anthropogenic Influence on the Dynamics of the River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis Landings in the River Daugava Basin
Authors: Birzaks Janis , Abersons Kaspars 
Published: February 2012

Anthropogenic Influence on the Dynamics of the River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis Landings in the River Daugava Basin
The construction of the Daugava hydro power station (HPS) cascade has significantly transformed Latvia's largest river the Daugava, reducing its importance in the natural reproduction of anadromous fish species. Currently in Latvia, as well as in other Baltic Sea countries, the river lamprey catch is decreasing, whereas the landings in the river Daugava have tended to increase. The dynamics of the river lamprey landings show the possible redistribution of lamprey stocks between the rivers Gauja and the Daugava. Possibly, this is a result of anthropogenic influence and changes in the river lamprey resource management may be necessary in the future.
Modelling and Mapping of Critical Loads of Acidification and Eutrophication on Forest Ecosystems in Latvia
Authors: Steinberga Iveta 
Published: February 2012

Modelling and Mapping of Critical Loads of Acidification and Eutrophication on Forest Ecosystems in Latvia
The Very Simple Dynamic model (VSD), which has been developed as the simplest extension of steady-state models, has been used for dynamic modelling of critical loads to forest ecosystems. The model consisting of a set of mass balance equations describes the soil input and output data relationships and fluxes, and soil properties. The mapping of critical loads of acidity and eutrophication effects is performed on 25562 deciduous, coniferous and mixed forest soil receptor polygons (area > 0.01 km2). The results have been mapped in the geographical units of EMEP grid (50 × 50 km2).
Tea in Toronto and the Liberal Order, 1880–1914
Authors: Walden Keith 
Published: February 2012

Abstract: Although afternoon tea was a cornerstone of sociability in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods, there is little information about its lived experience. Most discussions of tea in scholarly literature are based on information contained in advice books. Drawing especially from the reporting found in Saturday Night magazine, this article provides a more realistic understanding of how the rite was conducted in Toronto. Further, it argues that as a device intended to promote circulation in the modern city, tea was linked fundamentally to an emerging liberal order. As problems associated with tea became more pronounced with the growth of the city, the location of tea began to shift from domestic to commercial settings, and the scale of gatherings began to be much more intimate. While the lure of commercial culture undoubtedly pulled women downtown, they were also pushed there by the mounting inconvenience of a primary social ritual.
A History Teacher Looks Back
Authors: Osborne Ken 
Published: February 2012

Abstract: Ken Osborne looks back on his career as a history teacher and teacher of history teachers, exploring what first drew him to the study of history, why he thinks history matters, why he decided to teach it, and how he became involved in issues surrounding the teaching of history. Along the way he also comments on the emergence of history education as a distinct field of study and research.
‘Slotting’ Chinese Families and Refugees, 1947–1967
Authors: Madokoro Laura 
Published: February 2012

Abstract: This article explores the changing policy and legal frameworks governing migration from China to Canada from 1949 to 1967. The transition period between exclusion and universal access was characterized by slow and contested change, as the Canadian state persistently resisted pressure from community actors and religious groups to facilitate the entry of Chinese migrants, concerned as it was with the domestic stability of the nation. By exploring the intersection of the campaign to expand family sponsorship rights for Chinese Canadians, led by the Chinese Benevolent Association in Vancouver, and church interest in refugee resettlement from Hong Kong in the 1960s, this article demonstrates the critical role that civil society actors played in effecting change in the face of entrenched suspicion about immigration from China and growing state intervention in all aspects of Canadian family life in the postwar period. The debates that took place over expanded family migration from China were rooted in a fundamental conflict between family reunification as a basic human right and the state's desire to control the shape and character of the Canadian nation and suggest that the liberalization of Canada's immigration system in the postwar period was far from certain.
Utility of presurgical navigated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation for the resection of tumors in eloquent motor areas
Authors: Krieg Sandro M. , Shiban Ehab , Buchmann Niels , Gempt Jens , Foerschler Annette , Meyer Bernhard , Ringel Florian 
Published: February 2012

Object
Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a newly evolving technique. Despite its supposed purpose (for example, preoperative central region mapping), little is known about its accuracy compared with established modalities like direct cortical stimulation (DCS) and functional MR (fMR) imaging. Against this background, the authors performed the current study to compare the accuracy of nTMS with DCS and fMR imaging.

Methods
Fourteen patients with tumors in or close to the precentral gyrus were examined using nTMS for motor cortex mapping, as were 12 patients with lesions in the subcortical white matter motor tract. Moreover, preoperative fMR imaging and intraoperative mapping of the motor cortex were performed via DCS, and the outlining of the motor cortex was compared.

Results
In the 14 cases of lesions affecting the precentral gyrus, the primary motor cortex as outlined by nTMS correlated well with that delineated by intraoperative DCS mapping, with a deviation of 4.4 ± 3.4 mm between the two methods. In comparing nTMS with fMR imaging, the deviation between the two methods was much larger: 9.8 ± 8.5 mm for the upper extremity and 14.7 ± 12.4 mm for the lower extremity. In 13 of 14 cases, the surgeon admitted easier identification of the central region because of nTMS. The procedure had a subjectively positive influence on the operative results in 5 cases and was responsible for a changed resection strategy in 2 cases. One of 26 patients experienced nTMS as unpleasant; none found it painful.

Conclusions
Navigated TMS correlates well with DCS as a gold standard despite factors that are supposed to contribute to the inaccuracy of nTMS. Moreover, surgeons have found nTMS to be an additional and helpful modality during the resection of tumors affecting eloquent motor areas, as well as during preoperative planning.
Crocodile tears syndrome after vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Nakamizo Akira , Yoshimoto Koji , Amano Toshiyuki , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Sasaki Tomio 
Published: February 2012

Object
Crocodile tears syndrome (CTS) is a lacrimal hypersecretion disorder characterized by excessive tearing with gustatory stimulation while eating, drinking, or smelling food. Surgeons tend to overlook CTS after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery because its symptoms are less obvious compared with facial paralysis. The authors aim to elucidate the precise incidence and the detailed natural course of CTS after VS surgery.

Methods
This study included 128 consecutive patients with unilateral VSs resected via a retrosigmoid, lateral suboccipital approach. Clinical information on the patients was obtained by retrospective chart review. The presence of, time of onset of, and recovery of patients from CTS were obtained from the chart or evaluated from the most recent outpatient visit.

Results
A total of 14 patients (10.9%) developed CTS. Motor function of the facial nerve at discharge was statistically related to the occurrence of CTS (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of House-Brackmann Grade 4 compared with Grade 1 was 86.4 (p < 0.001). A bimodal distribution of CTS onset was observed, with a mean onset of 6.1 ± 4.0 months after resection. The CTS improved in 10 patients (71%) at various intervals, whereas CTS resolved in only 7 patients (50%) at a mean interval of 10.9 ± 7.9 months. The mean interval to recovery in the early-onset group was 9.7 ± 7.9 months, and it was 18 months in the late-onset group; the mean is given ± SD throughout.

Conclusions
The occurrence of CTS following VS surgery was more common than expected; however, a surgical procedure intended to protect the functioning of the facial nerve appears to be conducive to reduction of the occurrence of CTS. To reduce the distress caused by CTS, all patients should be given sufficient information and provide their informed consent prior to surgery.
A novel technique of multiple-site epidural blood patch administration for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia
Authors: Ohtonari Tatsuya , Ota Shinzo , Nishihara Nobuharu , Ota Taisei , Tanaka Yasue , Sekihara Yoshinobu , Tanaka Akio 
Published: February 2012

Object
An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a widely accepted standard procedure to treat CSF hypovolemia, especially when the epidural CSF leak is detected by spinal MRI or CT myelography (CTM). In quite a few cases, however, the leaked CSF is spread over a large area along the spinal epidural space, making it difficult for the surgeon to clearly identify the true leakage points. In such cases, autologous blood can be infused at multiple spinal levels with multiple entries. In this paper, the authors have devised a new multiple-site EBP method with a single lumbar entry point by way of using an intravenous catheter as a slidable device for continuous infusion. In this report, they introduce this new, single-entry, continuous multiple-site EBP administration technique and report some of the results that they have obtained.

Methods
An EBP was applied via an epidural catheter in 5 patients with spontaneous CSF hypovolemia (3 men and 2 women; mean age 47.2 years, range 34–65 years). The detection of an epidural CSF leak was based on MRI and/or CTM findings. In all cases, however, the leakage sites could not be identified clearly. The main symptoms of these patients were recurrent spontaneous chronic subdural hematoma with orthostatic headache (3 patients) and orthostatic headache only (2 patients). All patients underwent surgery in the prone position on an angiography table, and biplane fluoroscopy was used for accurate manipulation. After administration of a local anesthetic, the authors inserted a 4-Fr short sheath (which is standard in angiography) through the lumbar interlaminar window and placed it in the dorsal epidural space. They then introduced a 4.2-Fr straight catheter through the sheath and navigated it upward along a 35-gauge guidewire whose tip was moved upward beyond the cranial end of the detected CSF leakage. Blood was obtained from each patient from a previously secured venous entry on the forearm, and it was injected slowly into the epidural catheter. Each time, the authors tried to infuse as much autologous blood as possible into the epidural space, while moving the catheter gradually in the caudal direction in response to the patient's expression of pain.

Results
In all 3 cases of chronic subdural hematoma, its recurrence was prevented. In 1 patient, the orthostatic headache disappeared completely, and it was relieved in the other 4 patients.

Conclusions
An efficient treatment option for CSF hypovolemia is provided by the new application method of EBP with the aid of an intravenous catheter as a slidable device, which enables infusion of a sufficient amount of autologous blood into multiple epidural areas with a single lumbar entry point.
Rates and predictors of long-term seizure freedom after frontal lobe epilepsy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Englot Dario J. , Wang Doris D. , Rolston John D. , Shih Tina T. , Chang Edward F. 
Published: February 2012

Object
Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is the second-most common focal epilepsy syndrome, and seizures are medically refractory in many patients. Although various studies have examined rates and predictors of seizure freedom after resection for FLE, there is significant variability in their results due to patient diversity, and inadequate follow-up may lead to an overestimation of long-term seizure freedom.

Methods
In this paper the authors report a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term seizure outcomes and predictors of response after resection for intractable FLE. Only studies of at least 10 patients examining seizure freedom after FLE surgery with postoperative follow-up duration of at least 48 months were included.

Results
Across 1199 patients in 21 studies, the overall rate of postoperative seizure freedom (Engel Class I outcome) was 45.1%. No trend in seizure outcomes across all studies was observed over time. Significant predictors of long-term seizure freedom included lesional epilepsy origin (relative risk [RR] 1.67, 95% CI 1.36–28.6), abnormal preoperative MRI (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.32–2.08), and localized frontal resection versus more extensive lobectomy with or without an extrafrontal component (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.26–2.43). Within lesional FLE cases, gross-total resection led to significantly improved outcome versus subtotal lesionectomy (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.47–2.84).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that FLE patients with a focal and identifiable lesion are more likely to achieve seizure freedom than those with a more poorly defined epileptic focus. While seizure freedom can be achieved in the surgical treatment of medically refractory FLE, these findings illustrate the compelling need for improved noninvasive and invasive localization techniques in FLE.