bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal Discrimination in Mate Guarding Male Australian Sea Lions: Familiarity Breeds Contempt
Authors: Attard Marie R. G. , Pitcher Benjamin J. , Charrier Isabelle , Ahonen Heidi , Harcourt Robert G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe vocal characteristics of a species can be immensely diverse, and can significantly impact animal social interactions. The social structure of a species may vary with geographical variation in call characteristics. The ability of pinnipeds (true seals, fur seals, sea lions and walrus) to distinguish between conspecifics may assist male reproductive strategies, particularly mate acquisition. We assessed the ability of mate guarding Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) males to discriminate local from foreign males’ barks recorded from a geographically distant breeding colony. Bark characteristics were significantly different between colonies, with barks produced by males from the Lewis Island breeding colony higher pitched and longer in both duration and interval duration than barks produced by males on Kangaroo Island. Mate guarding males displayed inter‐colony discrimination of barks, with a significantly stronger response to barks from local males than to those of males from a colony approx. 180 km away. Local males’ barks were apparently considered a greater threat than barks from unfamiliar males. We propose that discrimination of acoustic characteristics may facilitate reproductive isolation in this species that may lead to an ethological–acoustic barrier between breeding colonies, and subsequent genetic isolation.
Transgenic rice plants carrying RNA interference constructs of AOS (allene oxide synthase) genes show severe male sterility
Authors: Bae H. K. , Kang H.‐G. , Kim G.‐J. , Eu H.‐J. , Oh S.‐A. , Song J. T. , Chung I.‐K. , Eun M.‐Y. , Park S. K. 
Published: May 2010

With 3 figures AbstractMale sterility is an important trait for rice breeding programmes based on heterosis. To generate male‐sterile plants, we utilized RNAi technology with the promoters for two anther‐specific genes, Osc4 and Osg6b, and one for rice allene oxide synthase (OsAOS). AOS catalyzes the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and plays an important role in anther development. The promoters isolated from Osc4 and Osg6b were introduced into pK7gwiwgL, a promoter‐less RNAi Gateway binary vector. Partial DNA fragments of OsAOS1 and OsAOS2 were combined into the Osc4::RNAi and Osg6b::RNAi cassettes by LR recombination. The resulting four RNAi constructs were transformed into rice calli by Agrobacterium. During the reproductive growth stage, 28% of OsAOS1 and 48% of OsAOS2 transgenic plants under the control of the Osg6b promoter exhibited a complete‐ or severe‐sterility phenotype compared with the normal wild type. Here, we report that RNA interference of OsAOS2 with the Osg6b promoter is the most effective system for obtaining engineered genic male sterility in rice.
Structure–activity relationship of butyrate analogues on apoptosis, proliferation and histone deacetylase activity in HCT‐116 human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Ooi Cheng Cheng , Good Norm M , Williams Desmond B , Lewanowitsch Tanya , Cosgrove Leah J , Lockett Trevor J , Head Richard J 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. Butyrate, a bacteria fermentative product in the colonic lumen, has been shown to produce a wide variety of biological effects in human cancer cells in vitro. However, there are pharmacological drawbacks associated with the use of butyrate therapy and there are limited published data on the structure–activity relationship of butyrate analogues in colorectal cancer cells. Previously, we determined structure–activity relationship using HT‐29 human colorectal cancer cells. However, it was viewed as important to explore similar relationships in another colorectal cancer cell line.2. Therefore, in the present study, the in vitro structure–activity relationship of butyrate analogues was examined by investigating their effects on apoptosis, cell proliferation, histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage as a measure of cell toxicity in HCT‐116 human colorectal cancer cells.3. Of the 32 analogues tested, only 4‐benzoylbutyrate, 3‐benzo‐ylpropionate, 4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)butyrate and 3‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)propionate exhibited comparable biological effects to butyrate. The common structural properties of the compounds of interest were to lack amino or hydroxyl substitutions at the 2‐, 3‐ and/or 4‐position of the aliphatic moiety of butyrate.4. The present study reveals a dissociation between the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, HDAC activity and LDH leakage. The results indicate differential responses of butyrate analogues in HT‐29 and HCT‐116 colorectal cancer cells.
A distinct AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation site characterizes cardiac hypertrophy induced by l‐thyroxine and angiotensin II
Authors: Jiang Sheng‐Yang , Xu Ming , Ma Xiao‐Wei , Xiao Han , Zhang You‐Yi 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate differences in the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation sites in cardiac hypertrophy induced by l‐thyroxine and angiotensin (Ang) II.2. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in wild‐type and AMPKα2‐knockout mice by treatment with 1 mg/kg, i.p., thyroxine or 1.44 mg/kg per day AngII for 14 days. The phenotype of the hypertrophy was evaluated using echocardiographic measurments and histological analyses. The phosphorylation of AMPK at α‐Ser485/491 and α‐Thr172 was determined by western blot analysis.3. In wild‐type mice, the phosphorylation of AMPKα‐Ser485/491 was significantly elevated in the AngII‐treated group, but not in the thyroxine‐reated group, compared with the vehicle control group. In contrast, the phosphorylation of AMPKα‐Thr172 was significantly increased by thyroxine, but not AngII, treatment compared with the vehicle control group. Furthermore, knockout of the AMPKα2 subunit abolished phosphorylation at the α‐Ser485/491 site and significantly suppressed phosphorylation at the α‐Thr172 site, resulting in alleviation of thyroxine‐ but not AngII‐induced hypertrophy.4. In conclusion, l‐thyroxine and AngII induce the phosphorylation of distinct sites of AMPK in cardiac hypertrophy. Phosphorylation of AMPK α‐Thr172 may contribute to thyroxine‐induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Tertiapin‐Q removes a mechanosensitive component of muscarinic control of the sinoatrial pacemaker in the rat
Authors: Han SuYoung , Wilson Suzanne J , Bolter Chris P 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. In an isolated right atrial preparation, an increase in right atrial pressure (RAP) produces an increase in atrial rate. This rate response is larger and occurs faster when there is background vagal or muscarinic stimulation.2. We hypothesized that in the latter situation, an increase in RAP antagonizes the effect of muscarinic stimulation through stretch inactivation of the mechanosensitive muscarinic potassium current IK,ACh.3. In two groups of bath‐mounted right atria isolated from male Wistar rats (control n = 12; 300 nmol/L tertiapin‐Q treated (to block IK,ACh) n = 10), we examined the change in atrial rate when RAP was raised from 2 to 8 mmHg; oxotremorine‐M (oxo‐M; from 10 to 500 nmol/L) was added to incrementally activate muscarinic receptors.4. In both control and tertiapin‐Q‐treated groups, oxo‐M reduced atrial rate, but its effect was less (∼40–50%) in the latter group (P < 0.001). In control preparations, responses to an increase in RAP became progressively larger and quicker as the concentration of oxo‐M was increased, whereas in tertiapin‐Q treated preparations oxo‐M did not affect either the amplitude or the speed of the response (P < 0.0001 for both).5. The results support the hypothesis that atrial stretch antagonizes muscarinic slowing by its effect on IK,ACh. We suggest that through this mechanism, parasympathetic control of heart rate may be modulated continuously by RAP.
Embodied reflection in practice—‘Touching the core of caring’
Authors: Ranheim Albertine , Kärner Anita , Arman Maria , Rehnsfeldt Arne Wilhelm , Berterö Carina 
Published: May 2010

Ranheim A, Kärner A, Arman M, Rehnsfeldt AW, Berterö C. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 241–247 Embodied reflection in practice—‘Touching the core of caring’A study was performed with the aim of clarifying the integration of the caring act of touch with reflection on caring theory. Seven participant nurses in elderly care volunteered as ‘coresearchers’ and performed a caring act called Rhythmical Embrocation, together with reflective dialogues on caring theory. The project lasted for 6 months and at the end qualitative interviews with participants were used to evaluate the study. The findings showed an opening of awareness, embodied moments of presence and an extended ability to act creatively in caring. In this study, the movement between theory and practice was the integration of the caring act with reflection on basic caring concepts. Implications for praxis development are that implementation and reflection by teams over certain caring acts might open the door to an expanded view of one's own caring ability that in the long run will benefit the patient.
Manual handling risks associated with the care, treatment and transportation of bariatric patients and clients in Australia
Authors: Cowley Stephen P , Leggett Susan 
Published: May 2010

Cowley SP, Leggett S. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 262–267 Manual handling risks associated with the care, treatment and transportation of bariatric patients and clients in AustraliaTo gain an understanding of the factors that affect the risks and the adoption of risk control measures during the care of bariatric patients, focus groups were conducted in rural and metropolitan locations in Australia. It was found that the manual handling injury risk to carers is influenced by the design of the environments within which patient movement is undertaken; the limited range of handling equipment available for use with bariatric patients; and the efficacy of organizational procedures and training. Adoption of risk controls is hampered by the absence of a standard definition of the term ‘bariatric’ and limitations in the use of weight and body mass index in definitions. There are gaps in information flow during the bariatric patient journey through the health‐care system and a lack of knowledge about how to safely manage the unique needs of bariatric patients.
Vaginal birth after Caesarean risk decision‐making: Australian findings on the mothers' perspective
Authors: McGrath Pam , Phillips Emma , Vaughan Grahame 
Published: May 2010

McGrath P, Phillips E, Vaughan G. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 274–281 Vaginal birth after Caesarean risk decision‐making: Australian findings on the mothers' perspectiveThe purpose of this paper is to explore, from the mothers' perspective, the decision‐making experience with regard to subsequent birth choice for women who had previously delivered by Caesarean section. A qualitative methodological approach was taken to the exploration of mothers' knowledge of the risks of vaginal birth after Caesarean (VBAC) or elective Caesarean following a prior birth by Caesarean section. This paper presents the insights provided by the four women who chose VBAC. The health professionals' attitude to birth, and thus the support they offer to mothers, is predominantly pro‐Caesarean. In view of the declining numbers of VBACs and the fact that the clinical literature documents risks for both elective Caesarean and VBAC, it is important for health professionals to be very sensitive and balanced in the information and support offered for the VBAC birth option.
Information level of patients in discharge training given by nurses following open heart surgery
Authors: Ozcan Hacer , Yildiz Findik Ummu , Sut Necdet 
Published: May 2010

Ozcan H, Findik UY, Sut N. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 289–294 Information level of patients in discharge training given by nurses following open heart surgeryProviding discharge information following a surgery is one of the most common nursing approaches. Patients should be given discharge training after open heart surgery in order to eliminate or reduce physical and emotional problems. The study aims to assess the information level of patients in discharge training provided by nurses following open heart surgery. The study is a prospective study including 50 patients who underwent open heart surgery. The information level of patients who received discharge training was assessed before training and 1 month after the training. Data were collected using the personal information form, and pretest and post‐test questionnaires. Data were assessed by using percentage, McNemar chi‐squared, Wilcoxon signed ranks and stepwise linear regression analysis tests. Results indicated that patients were well informed following discharge training (Z = −6.166, P < 0.05), and that age and marriage variables affected the information level (P = 0.032, P = 0.045, respectively). Discharge training following open heart surgery increases the knowledge of patients and should be given to patients in a planned manner.
Caring to death: The murder of patients by nurses
Authors: Field John , Pearson Alan 
Published: May 2010

Field J, Pearson A. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 301–309 Caring to death: The murder of patients by nursesBeyond the initial ‘shock‐horror’ reaction in the mass media, little attention is paid by nurses or the public to nurses who murder patients. This study used discursive inquiry to uncover social constructions of this phenomenon and their implications for the definition and treatment of such murders. The mass media and professional literature were searched for commentary on cases of nurses who had been convicted of murder between 1980 and 2006. The retrieved texts were subjected to discursive analysis. Discursive constructions included the profile of murderous nurses; types of murders; contexts in which murder occurs; factors that aid detection and apprehension; legal processes and punishment; and reactions of the public, profession, regulators and families. The findings imply that murder of a patient by a nurse might occur in any setting in which nurses care for vulnerable patients—the old, the young, the sick and the disabled. Trust in nurses assists a nurse to murder. Nurses have a responsibility to understand how their workplaces can form crucibles in which murder can take place. The profession needs to acknowledge the possibility of nurses who murder patients and to commence a discussion about what might be done to limit the harm they do.
Carbon dioxide‐based portography: An alternative to conventional imaging with the use of iodinated contrast medium
Authors: Maruyama Hitoshi , Okugawa Hidehiro , Ishibashi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Masanori , Kobayashi Satoshi , Yoshizumi Hiroaki , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  To clarify the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a contrast material to evaluate portal vein images by percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP).Methods:  Twenty patients (38–76 years; male 13, female 7) with chronic liver diseases were the subjects of this prospective study. Portal venous opacification by PTP was compared between CO2‐based images and iodinated contrast medium (ICM)‐based images by two independent reviewers, according to the three‐grade scoring; 0 for none, 1 for weak and 2 for sufficient.Results:  Total scores of extrahepatic portal veins (137 for CO2, 93 for ICM), collateral vessels (64 for CO2, 60 for ICM) and intrahepatic portal veins (69 for CO2, 76 for ICM) were not statistically significant between CO2‐based and ICM‐based images (P = 0.0623). Sufficient opacification of superior mesenteric vein was more frequent on CO2‐based images (none 0, weak 4, sufficient 16) than ICM‐based images (none 19, weak 0, sufficient 1; P < 0.0001). The score was not statistically significant between CO2‐based and ICM‐based images in portal trunk, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein and other collateral vessels. Although opacification grade in the intrahepatic left portal vein was not statistically significant between CO2‐based and ICM‐based images (P = 0.1515), weak opacification was significantly frequent on CO2‐based images (weak 10, sufficient 10) compared to ICM‐based images (weak 0, sufficient 20; P = 0.0003) in the intrahepatic right portal vein. Inter‐reviewer agreement was excellent between the two reviewers for CO2‐based images (kappa = 0.913) and ICM‐based images (kappa = 0.924).Conclusions:  Carbon dioxide may be a first‐line contrast material for evaluating portal vein images by PTP.
Two cases of idiopathic infantile arterial calcification
Authors: Ryerson Lindsay M , Chiletti Roberto , Zacharin Margaret , Tibballs James 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present the clinical course and management of two infants with idiopathic infantile arterial calcification. Both had coronary artery involvement and presented with ischaemic cardiac failure. Neither responded well to conventional therapy with inotropic agents, glyceryl trinitrate, diuretic and mechanical ventilation, nor to short‐term biphosphonates. One was treated with levosimendan and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to no avail.
Sturge–Weber syndrome without facial nevus: An unusual cause of neonatal seizures
Authors: Wong Sau Wei , Kyaw Linn , Ong Lai Choo , Zulfiqar Annuar M 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSturge‐Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by facial port wine stain, ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma and vascular eye abnormalities. We report a rare case of Sturge‐Weber syndrome without facial nevus presenting with neonatal seizures.
Malaysian Antenatal Risk Coding and the Outcome of Pregnancy
Authors: Geefhuysen Coeli J. , Isa Abdul Rahman , Hashim Mohammed , Barnes Anthony 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: Measure the effectiveness of the colour coding system in Malaysia for the prediction of risk in pregnancy.Method: Cohort study of records and interviews of 253/279 women examined at first antenatal visit.Results: Nurses' final coding showed poor concordance with guidelines; recod‐ing produced a predictive value of high risk of 48%; 25% of those with low risk had 50% of complications. Complication rates were moderate and intervention rates low. The mothers had little appreciation of risk and preferred home delivery. Home deliveries gave excellent results except for the 17% requiring transfer to hospital during labour or delivery.Conclusion: The coding system is ineffective with Malaysia's relatively low reproductive risk. Women require more personalised counselling about risk to make appropriate choices.Better results depend on simpler but consistent selection for hospital delivery using reproductive history, combined with better communication and transport systems for home deliveries and a reorientation within hospitals to rapid emergency care.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fetal Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nasu Kaei , Yoshimatsu Jun , Anai Takanobu , Miyakawa Isao , Komatsu Eiji , Maeda Tomoki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present a case of fetal autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) at 34 weeks of gestation, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI demonstrated enlarged fetal kidneys that were low signal intensity on T1‐weighted images and high signal intensity on T2‐weighted images. These MRI findings suggested a high water content in the renal parenchyma, consistent with the innumerable, tiny renal cysts present in ARPKD.
Silent Premature Rupture of Membranes, Detected and Monitored Serially by an AFP Kit
Authors: Yamada Hideto , Kishida Tatsuro , Negishi Hiroaki , Sagawa Tadashi , Fujimoto Seiichiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 24‐year‐old woman underwent conization and cervical cerclage during pregnancy. After she later complained of fluid leakage, a premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) was suspected, because of positive results on a test for nitrazine, the intra‐amniotic dye injection method (PSP test), and an AFP‐kit test at 22 weeks of gestation. The nitrazine and PSP tests later turned negative. However, during the period from the 22nd through 26th weeks of gestation, the results of AFP‐kit tests fluctuated, with repeated positive indications for bacterial cultures and elevated granulocyte elastase activity in the cervical mucus. The pregnancy was well maintained with administration of antibiotics and ritodrine hydrochloride until 34 weeks of gestation. The presence of chorioamnionitis, local inflammation of the fetal membranes, was found by pathological examination after the delivery. We propose a new clinical entity‐to be referred to as silent PROM‐the premature chemical rupture of the membranes.
Fetal Growth Retardation, Particularly within Lymphoid Organs, following Repeated Maternal Injections of Betamethasone in Sheep*
Authors: Quinlivan Julie A. , Archer Michael A. , Dunlop Sarah A. , Evans Sharon F. , Beazley Lyn D. , Newnham John P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To examine the effect of single or repeated injections of maternally administered corticosteroids on fetal growth in sheep.Methods: Forty‐six date‐mated singleton gestation ewes were allocated at random to one of 3 groups: a single, or repeated injections of betamethasone, or a control group which received saline. On days 125 (preterm) or 145 (term) caesarean section delivery was performed. After lambs were killed, measures of size and weight were recorded. Data were analysed using Fishers Exact test and the Student's t‐test.Results: Significant betamethasone dose dependent reductions in body and organ weights and biometry were found at preterm and term gestational ages (p < 0.05). There was little catch up growth in those in whom delivery was delayed until term. Thymus, spleen and liver were particularly targeted.Conclusion: Repeated injections of betamethasone to the pregnant ewe cause significant reductions in fetal growth with little evidence of catch up by term. The effect of repeated maternal injections of corticosteroids in human pregnancy will await the results of randomized controlled trials.
The Accuracy of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Yeo Evelyn L. K. , Yu K. M. , Poddar N. C. , Hui P. K. , Tang Lawrence C. H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA retrospective study of 316 ovarian neoplasms which had frozen section evalutation between January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1995 was conducted to determine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. The frozen section results were compared with final diagnoses from paraffin sections. The frozen section diagnosis was accurate in 95.2% of all cases and inaccurate in 4.8%. The positive predictive value of a positive (or malignant) frozen section was 100%, the negative predictive value of a negative (or benign) frozen section was 98.2%. The sensitivity for malignant tumors was 87%. For tumors of borderline malignancy, the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 98.6% respectively. Of the false negative frozen section diagnoses, 73% (8 cases) occurred in tumors of borderline malignancy. We concluded that with the exception of the sensitivity for the diagnosis of tumors of borderline malignancy, the sensitivity and specificity of frozen section diagnosis for benign and overtly malignant ovarian neoplasms are high.