Development of a Digital Platform to Promote Mother and Child Health in Underserved Areas of a Lower-Middle-Income Country: Mixed Methods Formative Study
Authors: Haq Zaeem Ul , Naeem Ayesha , Zaeem Durayya , Sohail Mohina , Pervaiz Noor ul Ain 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary health care (PHC) is the backbone of universal health coverage, with community health workers (CHWs) being one of its critical pillars in lower-middle-income countries. Most CHW functions require them to be an efficient communicator, but their program development has been deficient in this area. Can IT provide some solutions? Moreover, can some IT-based CHW-delivered innovations help mothers and children in areas not covered by PHC services? We explored these questions during the development and feasibility testing of a digital application designed to improve the communication capacity of CHWs in two underserved areas of Islamabad.

Objective
This study aims to explore the perceptions, practices, and related gaps about mother and child health, and child development in an underserved area; develop and deploy a behavior change communication program to address the gaps; and assess the feasibility of the program.

Methods
We carried out a mixed methods study with three steps. First, we conducted 13 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions with stakeholders to explore the issues faced by mothers living in these underserved areas. To address these barriers, we developed Sehat Ghar, a video-based health education application to demonstrate practices mothers and families needed to adopt. Second, we trained 10 volunteer CHWs from the same community to deliver health education using the application and assessed their pre-post knowledge and skills. Third, these CHWs visited pregnant and lactating mothers in the community with random observation of their work by a supporting supervisor.

Results
Initial exploration revealed a need for health-related knowledge among mothers and suboptimal utilization of public health care. Sehat Ghar used behavior change techniques, including knowledge transfer, enhancing mothers’ self-efficacy, and improving family involvement in mother and child care. Volunteer CHWs were identified from the community, who after the training, showed a significant improvement in mean knowledge score (before: mean 8.00, SD 1.49; after: mean 11.40, SD 1.43; P<.001) about health. During supportive supervision, these CHWs were rated as excellent in their interaction with mothers and excellent or very good in using the application. The CHW and her community reported their satisfaction with the application and wanted its delivery regularly.

Conclusions
Sehat Ghar is a simple, easy-to-use digital application for CHWs and is acceptable to the community. Mothers appreciate the content and presentation and are ready to incorporate its messages into their daily practices. The real-world effectiveness of the innovation tested on 250 mother-infant pairs will be important for its proof of effectiveness. With its usefulness and adaptability, and the rapidly spreading use of mobile phones and internet technology, this cost-effective innovation can help in delivering health communications at a large scale in a minimum amount of time.