bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Further Note on the Relation of Weather to Population Trends of the Black-headed Budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Silver G. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe recent black-headed budworm outbreak on the Queen Charlotte Islands is the fourth recorded association between budworm trends and weather. The decrease in this instance was associated with a prolonged period of cold, wet weather which retarded larval feeding and development, resulting in heavy larval mortality. The observations strengthen the previous associations observed between weather and the rise and fall of black-headed budworm populations.
Tetranychus sinhai Baker (Acarina: Tetranychidae) a New Pest of Cereals — Varietal Reaction of Barley
Authors: Sinha R. N. , Wallace H. A. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTetranychus sinhai Baker (Acarina, Tetranychidae), a new pest was observed to infest barley, wheat, and rye crops in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. In barley, typical symptoms of the mite attack are manifested by a darkening of leaves, followed by yellowing and wilting from the bend of the leaf to its tip. The increase in number of mites per leaf was reflected by the showing of advanced symptoms on leaves. One hundred and sixty-five barley varieties from different parts of the world were examined for their reaction to T. sinhai infestation in the field. Of these 15 were found to be resistant, 47 moderately resistant, 88 moderately susceptible, and 15 susceptible. In general, the barley varieties grown in arid regions of the world appeared to be more resistant to T. sinhai infestation.The most commonly grown barley varieties in Canada, Parkland, and Montcalm, were moderately susceptible. Only two North American varieties, Canadian Lake Shore–C.I. 2750, and Gem C.I. 7243 showed high resistance to T. sinhai infestation.
The Alfalfa Plant Bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) in Northern Saskatchewan
Authors: Craig C. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe alfalfa plant bug, Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), a well-known pest of alfalfa in Europe and the United States, was first recorded in Saskatchewan in 1947, in the Hudson Bay district about 16 miles west of the Manitoba border. By 1959 it had spread westward through the northern agricultural area of the province to within 35 miles of the Alberta border. Economic infestations appeared within two to four years of its initial occurrence in each district.The migratory behaviour of the adult, which is apparently essential for maximum reproduction, effects rapid dispersal of the species. Also, because of this migratory behaviour control measures may have to be undertaken each year, and seedling stands may be infested in the first crop year.The seasonal development of the insect is described. Apparently in the spread of the insect northward a univoltine population is being selected. Eggs that have overwintered in stems hatch in late May and early June. Development proceeds through five nymphal instars, and adults begin to appear toward the end of June. These adults lay eggs during the latter part of July. Most of the eggs enter diapause: less than five per cent of them hatch the same year, and any second-generation adults that do occur do not have time to mate and lay eggs before all activity is halted by freezing weather.The main host plants of A. lineolatus are two cultivated legumes, alfalfa, Medicago media Pers., and red clover, Trifolium pratense L. No native host plants have been found in Saskatchewan.About three per cent of field-collected nymphs from the Nipawin district were parasitized by braconid larvae tentatively identified as Euphorus pallipes (Curtis).
Cover Selection by Adults of Hypolithus bicolor Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Doane J. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLaboratory tests were carried out to determine if certain types of cover and surfaces were preferred by adults of Hypolithus bicolor Eschscholtz. Approximately 45% of the adults selected the rough stone when a rough stone, a smooth stone, a lump of dried manure and a square of paper were provided simultaneously as cover. Soil moisture did not seem to influence this selection, except that the cover in the soil at the highest moisture level was rejected. The selection of preferred cover appears to be in response to thigmo-kinesis coupled with a tendency of beetles to congregate in tight groups under the cover.
Hyperparasitism, a Mutualistic Phenomenon
Authors: Flanders S. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHyperparasitism is a mortality factor that generally is beneficial to the continuous reproduction of the species involved.The parasites of a primary parasite of a phytophagous insect may exhibit two distinctive types of secondary relations to that insect. These types are defined as follows:Direct secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where only the primary's parasitized host or the primary itself is attacked.Indirect secondary parasitism: that type of host-parasite symbiosis where the primary's phytophagous host is attacked whether parasitized or not parasitized.The host mortality caused by direct secondary parasitism may greatly exceed that caused by indirect secondary parasitism, this being manifested when the percentage of the primary parasitization of the phytophagous host is minimal.
Two New Species of Coniferous Needle Miners from Louisiana and the Description of a New Genus (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Freeman T. N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new genus Pulicalvaria is erected for some species of needle miners formerly placed in the genus Recurvaria Haworth. Included are apicitripunctella Clemens, thujaella Kearfott, piceaella Kearfott, coniferella Kearfott, gibsonella Kearfott, and australis, new species. A new species Exoteleia chillcotti is also described.
Species of Colpocephalum (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) Parasitic upon the Falconiformes
Authors: Price Roger D. , Beer James R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwenty-five species of Colpocephalum sen. lat. from hawks are recognized and discussed; 8 of these are newly described: angolensis from Gypohierax angolensis, barbati from Gypaëtus barbatus aureus, californici from Gymnogyps californianus, chelictiniae from Chelictinia riocourii, ecaudati from Terathopius ecaudatus, indi from Haliastur indus, percnopteri from Neophron percnopterus, and trachelioti from Torgos tracheliotus. New synonymies include: ailurum Nitzsch, bicinctum Nitz., caudatum Giebel, costaricense Carriker, latifasciatum Piaget, longipes Piag., 1885 (nec 1880), majus Piag., 1885 (nec 1880), oxyurum Nitz., setosum Piag. (p. 519), tricinctum Nitz., and wetzeli (Eichler) with turbinatum Denny; and notatum Piag. with maculatum Piag. A key is given for the species of Colpocephalum occurring on hawks and owls.
Wheat Crops and Native Prairie in Relation to the Nutritional Ecology of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Saskatchewan
Authors: Pickford R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractField cage experiments conducted through the complete life cycle of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) demonstrated that wheat, the major cereal crop grown in Saskatchewan, played the dominant role in the nutritional ecology of this grasshopper. A native sod mixture, comprising Stipa comata, Bouteloua gracilis, Agropyron smithii, and Carex eleocharis, four of the dominant species of the mixed prairie association, was consistently unfavourable during all stages of grasshopper growth and development. Grasshoppers reared on wheat survived better, were considerably larger and laid up to 20 times more eggs than those reared on the native prairie grasses. The presence of the native sod with wheat contributed nothing nutritionally to the food combination. The unfavourable qualities of the native grasses, although resulting in small adults, low fecundity and small pods, did not affect the hatchability of eggs laid or the development and survival of nymphs that hatched from them.
Immature Stages and Biology ofApateticus cynicus(Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Jones P. A. , Coppel H. C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe egg and five nymphal stages ofApateticus cynicus(Say) are described and illustrated. The nymphal stages can be separated on the basis of head-capsule width, no overlap being encountered in the specimens studied. The overall growth rate was uniform. Varying growth rates were recorded for each antennal segment. Segment one remained the shortest throughout, whereas segment four, the longest in the first stage, became shorter than segment three by the fifth stage. The second segment increased in length from 0.25 to 2.78 mm.Apateticus cynicushas one generation each year and overwinters in the egg stage in Wisconsin. Females deposit 1-3 egg batches with an average of 57.12 eggs per batch. Hatching in the laboratory took 14 days at approximately 22 °C. The average number of days spent in each of the five instars was 5.08, 5.27, 5.33, 5.0, and 9.5 respectively. Adult females lived up to 163 days and males to 180 days in the laboratory. The effectiveness ofA.cynicusin the population reduction ofDiprion similis(Htg.) larvae is unknown. Though a large insect and a voracious feeder throughout its immature and mature period, it has low egg production, is univoltine, and overwinters in the vulnerable egg stage, usually on the tree.
The Inheritance of Larval Color Patterns in Neodiprion pratti Dyar (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Moens Peter B. , Atwood C. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCrosses were made between adults of Neodiprion pratti (Dyar) derived from populations of spotted and striped larvae. Collections obtained over a period of years had indicated that these populations were homozygous for spotted and for striped larvae respectively; this conclusion was tested by spotted × spotted and by striped × striped crosses and was confirmed. The crosses spotted ♀, × striped ♂, striped ♀, × spotted ♂ and spotted F1 ♀, × striped ♂ were then made. The progeny from these crosses showed that the allele for sported is incompletely dominant over the allele for striped pattern. This incomplete dominance showed up in the occurrence of a few larvae of an intermediate type, and presumably accounts for the occurrence in nature of populations of larvae of intermediate types.
Population Dynamics ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) in Eastern Ontario: I. Spatial Pattern and Transformation of Field Counts
Authors: Harcourt D. G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCounts of the Colorado potato beetle on potato did not conform to the Poisson distribution, there being an excess of uninfested and highly infested hills over the expected numbers. However, when observed distributions were fitted to the negative binomial series, the discrepancies were not significant when tested by chi-square. The negative binomial parameterktended to increase with density. Using a commonk, the distribution of the various stages may be described by expansion of (q−px)−k, when values ofkare as follows: adult, 1.95; egg mass, 4.10; first instar, 0.68; second instar, 0.78; third instar, 1.04; fourth instar, 1.07.For all stages, the variance was proportional to a fractional power of the mean. Use of the individual potato stalk as a sample unit had little effect on the skewness of the distribution. Four transformations are offered for stabilizing the variance of field counts.
Control of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak in Quebec through Aerial Spraying Operations
Authors: Blais J. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn attempt was made to suppress an incipient spruce budworm outbreak in the Lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec through the aerial application of DDT. Operations began in 1960 and continued in 1961 and 1962 when they finally met with success. Failure to achieve success earlier was due partly to the exceptionally favourable survival conditions for the insect in 1960, and partly to the inadvertent omission of a small infested area from the program in 1961. The operations greatly reduced spruce budworm populations each year in the outbreak area, while the action of natural control factors, including parasites and predators increased. The collapse of the outbreak was the result of the combined effects of the chemical treatments and of natural control factors.
The Yellow Rose Aphid,Rhodobium porosum(Sanderson) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Strawberry
Authors: MacGillivray M. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRhodobium porosum(Sanderson), an aphid found on strawberry and rose, is discussed in this paper. The sexuales are redescribed and measurements given for the apterous and alate viviparous female.
A Re-examination of C. F. Baker's Collection of Aphid Parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)
Authors: Mackauer M. J. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe surviving material of C. F. Baker's collection of aphid parasites comprises a total of 107 specimens of which 27 are syntypes representing 9 species described by Baker. Lectotypes are designated for Ephedrus californicus, E. nevadensis, Praon nanus, P. occidentale, Aphidius delicatus, A. coloratus, A. ferruginosus, A. pulcher, and Diaeretiella (= Diaeretus sensu auctt.) californica. The synonymy of all taxa is discussed, and redescriptions of most of the species are given. The remaining 80 specimens of the collection represent 7 genera and 14 species.
The Tachinids of Trinidad: IV. Winthemiines
Authors: Thompson W. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper deals with the Trinidad Tachinids (Diptera) of the group of genera assembled by L. P. Mesnil (1939) as the tribe Winthemiini, of which the type genus is Winthemia R.-D. The group was subsequently recognized by F. I. van Emden (1954) and later by B. Herring (1960) but has not, so far as I am aware, been considered as a taxonomic unit in relation to the tachinids of the Americas. It is simply a relatively small section of the vast mass of genera called by Mesnil (1939, 1944) the Salmaciinae, or as we now say, the Goniinae, defined by the possession of a bristled prosternum, reclinate posterior frontals, a first post-sutural supraalar as strong as or stronger than, the first postdorsocentral, an absence of infrasquamal setulae, a second abdominal segment excavated to the posterior border and a short robust form. From the other Goniinae, the Winthemiini are separated mainly by the hairy “barrette”, the pattern of the humeral bristles and the reproductive habit of depositing large plano-convex undeveloped eggs on the body of the host insect, the ovipositor having the form of a membranous tube, retractile and of moderate length, reinforced by some elongate sclerites.In the present paper, in addition to the well-known Winthemia and Nemorilla, the genera Hemisturmia and Triodontopyga have been included. The genitalia of all the Trinidad species have been studied. Their structure appears, on the whole, to reinforce the taxonomic status of the group but whether it will survive a more extensive survey of tachinid genera, remains to be seen.Seven species are described as new.
Comprehensive Medication Review Completion Rates and Disparities After Medicare Star Rating Measure
Authors: Hung Anna , Wilson Lauren , Smith Valerie A. , Pavon Juliessa M. , Sloan Caroline E. , Hastings Susan N. , Farley Joel , Maciejewski Matthew L. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceComprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) are offered to qualifying US Medicare beneficiaries annually to optimize medication regimens and therapeutic outcomes. In 2016, Medicare adopted CMR completion as a Star Rating quality measure to encourage the use of CMRs.ObjectiveTo examine trends in CMR completion rates before and after 2016 and whether racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in CMR completion changed.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational study using interrupted time-series analysis examined 2013 to 2020 annual cohorts of community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years and older eligible for a CMR as determined by Part D plans and by objective minimum eligibility criteria. Data analysis was conducted from September 2022 to February 2024.ExposureAdoption of CMR completion as a Star Rating quality measure in 2016.Main Outcome and MeasuresCMR completion modeled via generalized estimating equations.ResultsThe study included a total of 561 950 eligible beneficiaries, with 253 561 in the 2013 to 2015 cohort (median [IQR] age, 75.8 [70.7-82.1] years; 90 778 male [35.8%]; 6795 Asian [2.7%]; 24 425 Black [9.6%]; 7674 Hispanic [3.0%]; 208 621 White [82.3%]) and 308 389 in the 2016 to 2020 cohort (median [IQR] age, 75.1 [70.4-80.9] years; 126 730 male [41.1%]; 8922 Asian [2.9%]; 27 915 Black [9.1%]; 7635 Hispanic [2.5%]; 252 781 White [82.0%]). The unadjusted CMR completion rate increased from 10.2% (7379 of 72 225 individuals) in 2013 to 15.6% (14 185 of 90 847 individuals) in 2015 and increased further to 35.8% (18 376 of 51 386 individuals) in 2020, in part because the population deemed by Part D plans to be MTM-eligible decreased by nearly half after 2015 (90 487 individuals in 2015 to 51 386 individuals in 2020). Among a simulated cohort based on Medicare minimum eligibility thresholds, the unadjusted CMR completion rate increased but to a lesser extent, from 4.4% in 2013 to 12.6% in 2020. Compared with White beneficiaries, Asian and Hispanic beneficiaries experienced greater increases in likelihood of CMR completion after 2016 but remained less likely to complete a CMR. Dual-Medicaid enrollees also experienced greater increases in likelihood of CMR completion as compared with those without either designation, but still remained less likely to complete CMR.Conclusion and RelevanceThis study found that adoption of CMR completion as a Star Rating quality measure was associated with higher CMR completion rates. The increase in CMR completion rates was achieved partly because Part D plans used stricter eligibility criteria to define eligible patients. Reductions in disparities for eligible Asian, Hispanic, and dual-Medicaid enrollees were seen, but not eliminated. These findings suggest that quality measures can inform plan behavior and could be used to help address disparities.
Cytisinicline for Vaping Cessation in Adults Using Nicotine E-Cigarettes
Authors: Rigotti Nancy A. , Benowitz Neal L. , Prochaska Judith J. , Cain Daniel F. , Ball Julie , Clarke Anthony , Blumenstein Brent A. , Jacobs Cindy 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe prevalence of e-cigarette use among US adults, especially young adults, is rising. Many would like to quit vaping nicotine but are unable to do so. Cytisinicline, a plant-based alkaloid, targets nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, reduces nicotine dependence, and helps adults to stop smoking cigarettes. Cytisinicline may also help e-cigarette users to quit vaping.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy and safety of cytisinicline vs placebo to produce abstinence from e-cigarette use in adults seeking to quit vaping nicotine.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial compared 12 weeks of treatment with cytisinicline vs placebo, with follow-up to 16 weeks. It was conducted from July 2022 to February 2023 across 5 US clinical trial sites. A total of 160 adults who vaped nicotine daily, sought to quit, and did not currently smoke cigarettes were enrolled, and 131 (81.9%) completed the trial.InterventionParticipants were randomized (2:1) to cytisinicline, 3 mg, taken 3 times daily (n = 107) or placebo (n = 53) for 12 weeks. All participants received weekly behavioral support.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBiochemically verified continuous e-cigarette abstinence during the last 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 9-12; primary outcome) and through 4 weeks posttreatment (weeks 9-16; secondary outcome). Missing outcomes were counted as nonabstinence.ResultsOf 160 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 33.6 [11.1] years; 83 [51.9%] female), 115 (71.9%) formerly smoked (≥100 lifetime cigarettes). Continuous e-cigarette abstinence in cytisinicline and placebo groups occurred in 34 of 107 participants (31.8%) vs 8 of 53 participants (15.1%) (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.06-7.10; P = .04) at end of treatment (weeks 9-12) and in 25 of 107 participants (23.4%) vs 7 of 53 participants (13.2%) during weeks 9 to 16 (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 0.82-5.32; P = .15). There was no evidence, based on nonsignificant interactions, that cytisinicline efficacy differed in subgroups defined by demographic characteristics, vaping pattern, e-cigarette dependence, or smoking history. Cytisinicline was well tolerated, with 4 participants (3.8%) discontinuing cytisinicline due to an adverse event.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, cytisinicline for 12 weeks, with behavioral support, demonstrated efficacy for cessation of e-cigarette use at end of treatment and was well tolerated by adults, offering a potential pharmacotherapy option for treating nicotine e-cigarette use in adults who seek to quit vaping. These results need confirmation in a larger trial with longer follow-up.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05431387
POLR3A‐related disorders: From spastic ataxia to generalised dystonia and long‐term efficacy of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Yau Wai Yan , Ashton Catherine , Mulroy Eoin , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Vandrovcova Jana , Verma Kunal P. , Stell Rick , Davis Mark , Lamont Phillipa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile biallelic POLR3A loss‐of‐function variants are traditionally linked to hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, patients with a specific splice variant c.1909+22G>A manifest as adolescent‐onset spastic ataxia without overt leukodystrophy. In this study, we reported eight new cases, POLR3A‐related disorder with c.1909+22 variant. One of these patients showed expanded phenotypic spectrum of generalised dystonia and her sister remained asymptomatic except for hypodontia. Two patients with dystonic arm tremor responded to deep brain stimulation. In our systemic literature review, we found that POLR3A‐related disorder with c.1909+22 variant has attenuated disease severity but frequency of dystonia and upper limb tremor did not differ among genotypes.
Synchronous Regulation of Hydrophobic Molecular Architecture and Interface Engineering for Robust WORM‐Type Memristor
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Li Yixiang , Zhang Cheng , Yuan Junwei , Wang Youyou , Cheng Xinli , Qian Wenhu , Sun Shixin , Li Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the context of human active response to exponentially increasing data volumes, memristors have emerged as a focal point in systematic problem‐solving approaches. Particularly, organic memristors, characterized by excellent scalability, flexibility, and 3D stacking capabilities, have shown its tremendous potential in innovative electronic applications. However, the modulation of molecular assembly and interface interaction at the electrode surface poses a challenging task, despite their crucial role in determining the memristive performance. Herein, a collaborative method involving hydrophobic molecular design and interface engineering is proposed to generate high‐quality nanofilms with optimal photoelectric and electrochemical properties. By subjecting the bottom electrode to O2 plasma treatment and chemical modification using a hydrophobic ionic liquid poly(diallyldimethylammonium) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PTFSI), the hydrophobic compound DN demonstrates exceptional affinity and stronger intermolecular interactions with the electrode surface. Consequently, the two‐terminal device array comprising Al/DN@PTFSI/ITO exhibits robust non‐volatile write‐once‐read‐many times (WORM) memory behavior, resulting in a tripling production yield from 30% to 92% along with a lower threshold voltage of 1.5 V, higher ON/OFF current ratio of 103 and excellent stability. This study presents a versatile approach to optimize the film assembly and material/electrode interface, thereby accelerating the development of organic memristors toward future applications.