bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of resistance in bread wheat to Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) in Syria identified using the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS)
Authors: El Bouhssini M. , Street K. , Amri A. , Mackay M. , Ogbonnaya F. C. , Omran A. , Abdalla O. , Baum M. , Dabbous A. , Rihawi F. 
Published: October 2010

With 1 tableAbstractRussian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), is an important pest of wheat and barley in North America, Africa and the Middle East. Host plant resistance is the most economical and practical means of controlling this insect. Field and greenhouse screening in Syria of bread wheat lines from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas’ (ICARDA) gene bank, using the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS), identified 12 lines resistant to D. noxia. These sources of resistance will be used to develop germplasm resistant to D. noxia for the highland areas of North Africa, and West and Central Asia, where this insect causes economic damage. This study also showed the relevance of the FIGS approach in better targeting accessions held in gene banks for valuable traits.
Community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning: Identifying tacit knowledge
Authors: Carrier Annie , Levasseur Mélanie , Bédard Denis , Desrosiers Johanne 
Published: October 2010

Background:  Occupational therapy interventions in the community, a fast expanding practice setting, are central to an important social priority, the ability to live at home. These interventions generally involve only a small number of home visits, which aim at maximising the safety and autonomy of community‐dwelling clients. Knowing how community occupational therapists determine their interventions, i.e. their clinical reasoning, can improve intervention efficacy. However, occupational therapists are often uninformed about and neglect the importance of clinical reasoning, which could underoptimise their interventions.Aim:  To synthesise current knowledge about community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning.Method:  A scoping study of the literature on community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning was undertaken.Results:  Fifteen textbooks and 25 articles, including six focussing on community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning, were reviewed. Community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning is influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include past experiences, expertise and perceived complexity of a problem. One of the external factors, practice context (e.g. organisational or cultural imperatives, physical location of intervention), particularly shapes community occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning, which is interactive, complex and multidimensional. However, the exact influence of many factors (personal context, organisational and legal aspects of health care, lack of resources and increased number of referrals) remains unclear.Conclusion:  Further studies are needed to understand better the influence of internal and external factors. The extent to which these factors mould the way community occupational therapists think and act could have a direct influence on the services they provide to their clients.
Pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy: An under‐recognised cause of intractable seizures
Authors: Yeghiazaryan Nune S , Zara Federico , Capovilla Giuseppe , Brigati Giorgia , Falsaperla Raffaele , Striano Pasquale 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing intractable seizures in neonates and infants. PDE patients are typically resistant to anti‐epileptic treatment but respond to the administration of pyridoxine. Different seizure types have been reported in PDE, and episodes of status epilepticus are common. Electroencephalographic or neuroimaging abnormalities are not pathognomonic for this disorder. Intellectual disability is frequent at the follow‐up. Recently, elevated urinary α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde has been shown to be a reliable biomarker of this disorder, and mutations in the ALDH7A1 gene, encoding α‐aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, have been demonstrated in the large majority of PDE patients. However, early consideration of a pyridoxine trial remains the most important issue in a neonate or in an infant with intractable early onset seizures.
Refractory cholestasis presenting as cholangiolitis in an Rh (E)‐incompatible neonate
Authors: Taba Ryusuke , Yamakawa Masaru , Miyakoshi Chisato , Imai Yukihiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCholestasis in neonates is infrequently associated with Rh isoimmunization, and usually resolves within a month. The suggested pathophysiology is inspissated bile and hepatocellular damage. We report a rare case of refractory cholestasis presenting with cholangiolitis in a newborn with anti‐E isoimmunisation. The cholangiolitis was disclosed by immunohistochemical investigation of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia and by liver biopsy, which showed a number of CD8+ lymphocytes within the portal tract damaging the interlobular bile duct. Bilirubin levels dramatically decreased after 14‐day corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone, 2 mg/kg/day) implying that the cause of cholestasis could be immune‐mediated cholangiolitis.
Parents with a history of Kawasaki disease whose child also had the same disease
Authors: Uehara Ritei , Yashiro Mayumi , Nakamura Yosikazu , Yanagawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to describe time trends of prevalence and detailed characteristics of parents with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD) who had a child with the same disease using data from Japanese nationwide surveys on KD.Methods:  Parents with a history of KD were identified using nationwide surveys of KD patients who visited hospitals between 1999 and 2008. To confirm KD histories, a parental questionnaire was sent to pediatricians who reported parental cases to the surveys for KD patients who visited hospitals from 2001 through 2004. Parental history was ascertained by merging data from the parental questionnaire with data from previous nationwide surveys, and detailed information about childhood KD was obtained from survey reports.Results:  During the 10‐year study period, 407 parents with a child with KD were reported as having a KD history (0.43%). The prevalence of such parents significantly increased during this study period (regression coefficient: 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.20). Thirty‐one confirmed parents with the history were diagnosed between 1966 and 1984. All parents met the case definition of KD, and 33% had been treated with steroids. No parent with a KD history received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).Conclusions:  The prevalence of parents with KD history with a child with the same disease increased during the study period. Some of these parents had not been treated with IVIG because they were diagnosed before its use was widespread in Japan. An increase in the number of parents with the history is expected, thus continuous monitoring of familial cases with KD is required.
High‐frequency stimulation of deep brain structures in obsessive‐compulsive disorder: the search for a valid circuit
Authors: Haynes William I. A. , Mallet Luc 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, disabling, psychiatric disease combining intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours (compulsions). Although most patients respond well to conventional pharmacological and/or psychological therapy, 25–30%, often with extremely severe symptoms, fail to improve after treatment. High‐frequency stimulation of deep brain structures (basal ganglia included), a surgical technique developed for movement disorders and otherwise known as deep brain stimulation (DBS), has been proposed as an alternative to ablative surgery for these intractable cases. Here, we review the scientific data that explain why the use of this technique is currently being investigated in OCD, from the first hypotheses based on neuroimaging studies (anatomical and functional) to more recent animal models and clinical observations. The general outcome of each clinical trial is outlined in order to discuss its relation to pathophysiology; however, more specific clinical information (side‐effects, latencies, and other behavioural modifications) is not given. Finally, a description of the models of OCD that stem from these data and how they might be affected by DBS is provided.
Role for Reelin‐induced cofilin phosphorylation in the assembly of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the murine intermediolateral column
Authors: Krüger Marie T. , Zhao Shanting , Chai Xuejun , Brunne Bianka , Bouché Elisabeth , Bock Hans H. , Frotscher Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) are located in the intermediolateral column (IMLC) of the spinal cord. This specific localization results from primary and secondary migratory processes during spinal cord development. Thus, following neurogenesis in the neuroepithelium, SPNs migrate first in a ventrolateral direction and then, in a secondary step, dorsolaterally to reach the IMLC. These migratory processes are controlled, at least in part, by the glycoprotein Reelin, which is known to be important for the development of laminated brain structures. In reeler mutants deficient in Reelin, SPNs initially migrate ventrolaterally as normal. However, most of them then migrate medially to become eventually located near the central canal. Here, we provide evidence that in wild‐type animals this aberrant medial migration towards the central canal is prevented by Reelin‐induced cytoskeletal stabilization, brought about by phosphorylation of cofilin. Cofilin plays an important role in actin depolymerization, a process required for the changes in cell shape during migration. Phosphorylation of cofilin renders it unable to depolymerize F‐actin, thereby stabilizing the cytoskeleton. Using immunostaining for phosphorylated cofilin (p‐cofilin), we demonstrate that SPNs in wild‐type animals, but not in reeler mutants and other mutants of the Reelin signalling cascade, are immunoreactive for p‐cofilin. These findings suggest that Reelin near the central canal induces cofilin phosphorylation in SPNs, thereby preventing them from aberrant migration towards the central canal. The results extend our previous studies on cortical neurons in which Reelin in the marginal zone was found to stabilize the leading processes of migrating neurons and terminate the migration process.
Alcohol consumption and other psycho‐social conditions as important factors in the development of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Altenburg N. , Joraschky P. , Barthel A. , Bittner A. , Pöhlmann K. , Rietzsch H. , Fischer S. , Mennicken G. , Koehler C. , Bornstein S. R. 
Published: October 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 168–174 (2011)AbstractAims  To characterize bio‐psycho‐social factors, particularly mental disorders and self‐harm behaviour, associated with the development of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods  Two groups of diabetic patients with and without foot ulcers (n = 47 in each group) with similar sex, age and diabetes duration were assessed for mental disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Self‐harm behaviour, quality of life, depressive symptoms and self‐compassion were rated using different standard questionnaires.Results  Patients from the ulcer group visited their practitioners and/or psychotherapists less frequently in the last 12 months than patients in the control group 0 vs. 13%; P = 0.026). The ulcer group patients had a history of increased alcohol consumption (43 vs. 19%; P = 0.025), lower levels of education (8 vs. 10 grades; P = 0.014) and income (1190 vs. 1535€/month; P = 0.039). Additionally, they were less likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders (11 vs. 32%; P = 0.022). No significant differences in glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, smoking and direct self‐harm behaviour were identified.Conclusions  Patients with foot ulcers tend to exhibit lower health‐conscious behaviour, particularly higher lifetime alcohol consumption, lower utilization of medical services and less general anxiety. Practitioners should be aware of these behaviours, since early detection of diabetes patients at psycho‐social risk and consecutive psychological intervention may be an effective preventive strategy in avoiding the development of foot ulcers.
DEVELOPMENTS IN STEM CELL RESEARCH AND THERAPEUTIC CLONING: ISLAMIC ETHICAL POSITIONS, A REVIEW
Authors: FADEL HOSSAM E. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTStem cell research is very promising. The use of human embryos has been confronted with objections based on ethical and religious positions. The recent production of reprogrammed adult (induced pluripotent) cells does not – in the opinion of scientists – reduce the need to continue human embryonic stem cell research. So the debate continues.Islam always encouraged scientific research, particularly research directed toward finding cures for human disease. Based on the expectation of potential benefits, Islamic teachings permit and support human embryonic stem cell research. The majority of Muslim scholars also support therapeutic cloning. This permissibility is conditional on the use of supernumerary early pre‐embryos which are obtained during infertility treatment in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. The early pre‐embryos are considered in Islamic jurisprudence as worthy of respect but do not have the full sanctity offered to the embryo after implantation in the uterus and especially after ensoulment.In this paper the Islamic positions regarding human embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning are reviewed in some detail, whereas positions in other religious traditions are mentioned only briefly.The status of human embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning in different countries, including the USA and especially in Muslim countries, is discussed.
Green Public Procurement: Analysis on the Use of Environmental Criteria in Contracts
Authors: Palmujoki Antti , Parikka‐Alhola Katriina , Ekroos Ari 
Published: October 2010

Increasing environmental concerns regarding the actions and policies of the EU have meant that green aspects have become an important factor in public procurement. Although green purchasing criteria are fostered by many EU level and national action plans, and thus are more often included in calls for tenders, it is not necessarily the case that they are integrated into the final contract clauses. Opportunities for incorporating environmental aspects into contract clauses are important in order to ensure that the environmental criteria of the tender documents are fulfilled by the purchased products and services during the contract period.In this article we examine and analyse environmental criteria in public procurement contracts and calls for tenders, and focus on the relevance of environmental contractual terms, i.e. the existence and applicability of environmental criteria in the procurement contracts. We also discuss the comprehensiveness and enforceability of the drafted terms and conditions in the procurement contracts, highlighting the contract practices that we see as the most functional and practical from the procuring authorities' point of view.
‘New Europe’: Between Cosmopolitan Dreams and Nationalist Nightmares
Authors: AUER STEFAN 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article seeks to expose some limitations of dominant discourses about European integration. It argues that the attempt to move towards a more federalist Europe underpinned by the ideal of ‘post‐national citizenship’ (Habermas) is both unrealistic and undesirable. The populism and ethno‐centric nationalism endangering the European project emerged in Europe not despite the cosmopolitan agendas of its elites, but arguably, in response to their ambitious agendas. A more realistic view on nationalism is imperative for a better understanding of European integration; one capable of addressing the appeal of populist politics.
Accountability and Independent Central Banks: Europeans and Distrust of the European Central Bank
Authors: KALTENTHALER KARL , ANDERSON CHRISTOPHER J. , MILLER WILLIAM J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article explores whether Europeans distrust the European Central Bank (ECB) because they dislike its policies or think they cannot control the institution. Distrust of the ECB is a function of individuals believing the bank cannot be counted on to fulfill the duties that Europeans have assigned it.
Aortic arch morphometry in living humans
Authors: Demertzis Stefanos , Hurni Samuel , Stalder Mario , Gahl Brigitta , Herrmann Gudrun , Van den Berg Jos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAnatomical features of the aortic arch such as its steepness, the take‐off angles and the distances between its supra‐aortic branches can influence the feasibility and difficulty of interventional and/or surgical maneuvers. These anatomical characteristics were assessed by means of 3D multiplanar reconstruction of thoracic angio‐computed tomography scans of 92 living patients (79 males, 13 females, mean age 69.4 ± 9.9 years) carried out for various indications (gross pathology of the thoracic aorta excluded). There was a significant variation of all measured parameters between the subjects – a standard aortic arch (i.e. with all measured parameters within 2 SD) does not seem to exist. There were no significant differences between genders but some of the parameters correlated significantly to age.
Development of the cornea of true moles (Talpidae): morphogenesis and expression of PAX6 and cytokeratins
Authors: Carmona F. David , Ou Jingxing , Jiménez Rafael , Collinson J. Martin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCorneal development and structure were studied in the Iberian mole Talpa occidentalis, which has permanently closed eyelids, and the European mole Talpa europaea, in which the eyes are open. The vertebrate cornea typically maintains a three‐layered structure – a stratified epithelium with protective and sensory function, an avascular, hypocellular, collagenous stroma, and an endothelium with both barrier and transport functions that regulates corneal hydration, hence maintaining transparency. Compared to mouse, both mole species had significant corneal specializations, but the Iberian mole had the most divergent phenotype, with no endothelium and a flattened monolayer epithelium. Nevertheless, normal epithelial cell junctions were observed and corneal transparency was maintained. Corneas of European moles have a dysmorphic phenotype that recapitulates the human disorder keratoconus for which no mouse model exists. Mole corneas are vascularized – a situation only previously observed in the manatee Trichechus– and have non‐radial patterns of corneal innervation indicative of failure of corneal epithelial cell migration. The transcription factor Pax6 is required for corneal epithelial differentiation in mice, but was found to be dispensable in moles, which had mosaic patterns of PAX6 localization uniquely restricted, in European moles, to the apical epithelial cells. The apparently stalled or abnormal differentiation of corneas in adult moles is supported by their superficial similarity to the corneas of embryonic or neonatal mice, and their abnormal expression of cytokeratin‐12 and cytokeratin‐5. European moles seem to have maintained some barrier/protective function in their corneas. However, Iberian moles show a more significant corneal regression likely related to the permanent eyelid fusion. In this mole species, adaptation to the arid, harder, Southern European soils could have favoured the transfer of these functions to the permanently sealed eyelids.
Progesterone inhibits estrogen‐mediated neuroprotection against excitotoxicity by down‐regulating estrogen receptor‐β
Authors: Aguirre Claudia , Jayaraman Anusha , Pike Christian , Baudry Michel 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1277–1287.AbstractWhile both 17β‐estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are neuroprotective in several experimental paradigms, P4 also counteracts E2 neuroprotective effects. We recently reported that a 4‐h treatment of cultured hippocampal slices with P4 following a prolonged (20 h) treatment with E2 eliminated estrogenic neuroprotection against NMDA toxicity and induction of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the same treatment on levels of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, and BDNF using a similar paradigm. E2 treatment resulted in elevated ERβ mRNA and protein levels, did not modify ERα mRNA, but increased ERα protein levels, and increased BDNF mRNA levels. P4 reversed E2‐elicited increases in ERβ mRNA and protein levels, in ERα protein levels, and in BDNF mRNA levels. Experiments with an ERβ‐specific antagonist, PHTPP, and specific agonists of ERα and ERβ, propylpyrazoletriol and diarylpropionitrile, respectively, indicated that E2‐mediated neuroprotection against NMDA toxicity was, at least in part, mediated via ERβ receptor. In support of this conclusion, E2 did not protect against NMDA toxicity in cultured hippocampal slices from ERβ−/− mice. Thus, E2‐mediated neuroprotection against NMDA toxicity may be because of estrogenic induction of BDNF via its ERβ receptor, and P4‐mediated inhibition of E2 neuroprotective effects treatment to P4‐induced down‐regulation of ERβ and BDNF.
Fragile networks: identifying vulnerabilities and synergies in an uncertain age
Authors: Nagurney Anna , Qiang Qiang 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of some of the recent developments in the assessment of network vulnerability and robustness through appropriate tools that assist in the quantification of network efficiency/performance and the identification of the importance of network components, such as nodes and links. We demonstrated how rigorously constructed and well‐defined network measures can capture not only the network topology underlying a particular critical system, but also the underlying behavior of decision‐makers, the resulting flows, and induced costs in the reality of demands for resources, whether fixed or elastic (price‐dependent). In addition, we reviewed how to determine the synergy associated with network integration, with a focus on supply chains, as may occur not only in corporate applications, such as in mergers and acquisitions, but also in humanitarian ones, as in the case of the creation of teams and partnerships for humanitarian logistics. We illustrated the concepts and tools in this paper, which are based on numerous publications, through a spectrum of applications and numerical examples. Because the number of disasters is growing globally, it is imperative to have transparent, well‐understood, and appropriate tools for the determination of network vulnerability and robustness, as critical infrastructure networks from transportation, telecommunications, supply chains, to financial and electric power ones, provide the ties that bind our economies and societies together. Local disruptions can have global impacts. Only when network components are identified as to their importance and rankings can decision‐makers and policy analysts, as well as planners and engineers, understand in an objective way which components should be maintained and protected the most, with implications for disaster and emergency preparedness as well as national security.