bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper airway obstruction during sleep in infants with laryngomalacia is frequently sleep-position-dependent
Authors: Kirjavainen Turkka , Kanerva Mervi , Kukkola Hanna-Leena , Nokso-Koivisto Johanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital airway anomaly causing breathing difficulties in infants. Severe laryngomalacia is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods
We re-evaluated 14-year pediatric sleep center polysomnography (PSG) data in infants with fluoroscopy-verified laryngomalacia.

Results
The study included 79 infants, with a median corrected age of 8 weeks (interquartile range, IQR 5–13) and a laryngomalacia clinical score of 10/14 (IQR 7–11). Most (78%) PSG studies were daytime studies. In PSG, laryngomalacia-related breathing difficulty appeared as a sleep stage and position-dependent OSA with laborious breathing. PSG allowed position comparison in 69 infants. In the supine sleeping position, a median obstructive apnea and hypopnea-index (OAHI) was 22 h−1 (IQR 10–50) compared with 7 h−1 (IQR 1–26) in the side sleeping position (p < 0.0001). In the supine, breathing was also more laborious, and end-tidal carbon dioxide 99th percentile levels were higher than in the side sleeping position (p < 0.0001). The degree of OSA (OAHI) showed only a weak correlation with the laryngoscopy severity score (R
2 0.10, p = 0.005).

Conclusions
In infant laryngomalacia, the degree of upper airway obstruction is frequently more severe in the supine than in the side sleeping position. However, some variability remains in the response.

Impact

Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital airway anomaly causing breathing difficulties in infants. Obstructive breathing events and obstructive sleep apnea are common in severe laryngomalacia even though the stridor often diminishes or resolves during sleep.

We observed that in young infants with laryngomalacia, the appearance of upper airway obstruction is both sleep position and sleep-stage dependent.

Compared to the supine sleeping position, the side sleeping position reduced the frequency of obstructive events and breathing effort, and lowered end-tidal carbon dioxide 99th percentile levels.
Victor William (1896-1978) and William Allen (1932-2010) Humpherson
Authors: Gelbier Stanley 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Father and son, Victor and William Humpherson, both became dentists, albeit in different eras. Although working in different branches of dentistry, both became important members of the profession. Victor was important in the early days of NHS general dental practice, finally as chairman of the Dental Estimates Board. William was area dental officer for Croydon, heavily involved in many developments in community dental services, especially in staff education and training. He was also an organist, playing a Fantasia on three notes, specially composed for the 1980 British Dental Association's centenary meeting. Both were nicknamed ‘Humph' but to avoid confusion, it is here only used to refer to William Allen.
Morphology of ejecta features from the impact on asteroid Dimorphos
Authors: Ferrari Fabio , Panicucci Paolo , Merisio Gianmario , Giordano Carmine , Pugliatti Mattia , Li Jian-Yang , Fahnestock Eugene G. , Raducan Sabina D. , Jutzi Martin , Soldini Stefania , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Merrill Colby C. , Michel Patrick , Moreno Fernando , Tancredi Gonzalo , Sunshine Jessica M. , Ormö Jens , Herreros Isabel , Agrusa Harrison , Karatekin Ozgur , Zhang Yun , Chabot Nancy L. , Cheng Andrew F. , Richardson Derek C. , Rivkin Andrew S. , Campo Bagatin Adriano , Farnham Tony L. , Ivanovski Stavro , Lucchetti Alice , Pajola Maurizio , Rossi Alessandro , Scheeres Daniel J. , Tusberti Filippo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hypervelocity impacts play a significant role in the evolution of asteroids, causing material to be ejected and partially reaccreted. However, the dynamics and evolution of ejected material in a binary asteroid system have never been observed directly. Observations of Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) impact on asteroid Dimorphos have revealed features on a scale of thousands of kilometers, including curved ejecta streams and a tail bifurcation originating from the Didymos system. Here we show that these features result naturally from the dynamical interaction of the ejecta with the binary system and solar radiation pressure. These mechanisms may be used to constrain the orbit of a secondary body, or to investigate the binary nature of an asteroid. Also, they may reveal breakup or fission events in active asteroids, and help determine the asteroid’s properties following an impact event. In the case of DART, our findings suggest that Dimorphos is a very weak, rubble-pile asteroid, with an ejecta mass estimated to be in the range of (1.1-5.5)×107 kg.
Barcoded HIV-1 reveals viral persistence driven by clonal proliferation and distinct epigenetic patterns
Authors: Zhang Tian-hao , Shi Yuan , Komarova Natalia L. , Wordaz Dominik , Kostelny Matthew , Gonzales Alexander , Abbaali Izra , Chen Hongying , Bresson-Tan Gabrielle , Dimapasoc Melanie , Harvey William , Oh Christopher , Carmona Camille , Seet Christopher , Du Yushen , Sun Ren , Zack Jerome A. , Kim Jocelyn T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The HIV reservoir consists of infected cells in which the HIV-1 genome persists as provirus despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Studies exploring HIV cure therapies often measure intact proviral DNA levels, time to rebound after ART interruption, or ex vivo stimulation assays of latently infected cells. This study utilizes barcoded HIV to analyze the reservoir in humanized mice. Using bulk PCR and deep sequencing methodologies, we retrieve 890 viral RNA barcodes and 504 proviral barcodes linked to 15,305 integration sites at the single RNA or DNA molecule in vivo. We track viral genetic diversity throughout early infection, ART, and rebound. The proviral reservoir retains genetic diversity despite cellular clonal proliferation and viral seeding by rebounding virus. Non-proliferated cell clones are likely the result of elimination of proviruses associated with transcriptional activation and viremia. Elimination of proviruses associated with viremia is less prominent among proliferated cell clones. Proliferated, but not massively expanded, cell clones contribute to proviral expansion and viremia, suggesting they fuel viral persistence. This approach enables comprehensive assessment of viral levels, lineages, integration sites, clonal proliferation and proviral epigenetic patterns in vivo. These findings highlight complex reservoir dynamics and the role of proliferated cell clones in viral persistence.
The DYT6 dystonia causative protein THAP1 is responsible for proteasome activity via PSMB5 transcriptional regulation
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Yi , Iriki Tomohiro , Hashimoto Eiichi , Inami Maki , Hashimoto Sota , Watanabe Ayako , Takano Hiroshi , Motosugi Ryo , Hirayama Shoshiro , Sugishita Hiroki , Gotoh Yukiko , Yao Ryoji , Hamazaki Jun , Murata Shigeo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The proteasome plays a pivotal role in protein degradation, and its impairment is associated with various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. It is well understood that Nrf1 coordinates the induction of all proteasome genes in response to proteasome dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism regulating the basal expression of the proteasome remains unclear. Here we identify the transcription factor THAP1, the causative gene of DYT6 dystonia, as a regulator of proteasome activity through a genome-wide genetic screen. We demonstrated that THAP1 directly regulates the expression of the PSMB5 gene, which encodes the central protease subunit β5. Depletion of THAP1 disrupts proteasome assembly, leading to reduced proteasome activity and the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. These findings uncover a regulatory mechanism for the proteasome and suggest a potential role for proteasome dysfunction in the pathogenesis of dystonia.
Nitroglycerin-responsive gene switch for the on-demand production of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Mahameed Mohamed , Xue Shuai , Danuser Benjamin , Hamri Ghislaine Charpin-El , Xie Mingqi , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gene therapies and cell therapies require precise, reversible and patient-friendly control over the production of therapeutic proteins. Here we present a fully human nitric-oxide-responsive gene-regulation system for the on-demand and localized release of therapeutic proteins through clinically licensed nitroglycerin patches. Designed for simplicity and robust human compatibility, the system incorporates human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase for converting nitroglycerin into nitric oxide, which then activates soluble guanylate cyclase to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate, followed by protein kinase G to amplify the signal and to trigger target gene expression. In a proof-of-concept study, human cells expressing the nitroglycerin-responsive system were encapsulated and implanted subcutaneously in obese mice with type 2 diabetes. Transdermal nitroglycerin patches applied over the implant enabled the controlled and reversible production of glucagon-like peptide-1 throughout the 35-day experimental period, effectively restoring blood glucose levels in these mice without affecting heart rate or blood pressure. The approach may facilitate the development of safe, convenient and responsive implantable devices for the sustained delivery of biopharmaceuticals for the management of chronic diseases.
Cadmium resistance microbes and TiO2 nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in wheat
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Nafees Muhammad , Munir Muhammad , Alomrani Sarah Owdah , Waseem Muhammad , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Sarker Pallab K. , Ali Shafaqat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cadmium toxicity in the soil is an alarming issue, and among innumerable approaches, microbe-facilitated nanoparticle application for alleviation of Cd stress is a well-accepted technique. The present study explored the efficiency of combined TiO2-NPs and Staphylococcus aureus M1 strains for Cd mitigation in wheat plants. Results depicted that Cd stress attenuates the growth attributes while the collective application of NPs and microbes significantly upsurges the growth attributes as contrasted to Cd treatment. Combined TiO2-NPs and microbes application increased the total chlorophyll (12), a (10), b (11), and carotenoids (13%) under Cd (50 mg kg− 1) compared to microbial treatment. MDA (4), H2O2 (3), and EL (5%) were significantly down-regulated with combined TiO2-NPs and microbes application under Cd (50 mg kg− 1) compared to microbial treatment. CAT (17), SOD (7), POD (8), and APX (29%) were increased with combined TiO2-NPs and microbes application under Cd (50 mg kg− 1) comparison to microbial treatment. Cd accumulation in roots (34), shoots (23), and grains (27%) were significantly reduced under Cd (50 mg kg− 1) with combined TiO2-NPs and microbes application, contrary to microbial treatment. Subsequently, combined TiO2-NPs and microbial strains Staphylococcus aureus M1 application is a sustainable solution to boost crop production under Cd stress.
Changes in long-term life expectancy and years of life lost following the Great East Japan Earthquake in Fukushima Prefecture
Authors: Kosaka Makoto , Saito Hiroaki , Murakami Michio , Ono Kyoko , Ikeda Yuka , Ozaki Akihiko , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prolonged evacuation after disasters increases the risks of diseases and challenges in healthcare access. This study aimed to analyze changes in life expectancy (LE) and years of life lost (YLL) in Fukushima Prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake. LE and YLL were calculated based on a dataset of 276,314 deaths in Fukushima Prefecture from January 2006 to December 2018 and were aggregated and compared in three time periods: 2006–2010, 2012–2015, and 2016–2018. LE and YLL were obtained using a life table method, focusing on four major causes of death: heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, and cancers. The overall LE for both males and females in Fukushima prefecture showed an increasing trend in all three periods. Notably, in 2012–2015, the increase in LE and YLL due to cancer was greater in areas with evacuation zones compared to those without evacuation zones. In contrast, in 2016–2018, a notable decrease in YLL due to cerebrovascular diseases for both males and females and due to heart diseases for males was observed in areas with evacuation zones compared to areas without. LE continued to rise in Fukushima Prefecture despite the significant long-term impact of the disaster on the population. Post-disaster changes in LE and YLL differed between areas with and without evacuation zones, suggesting that implementation of effective measures and policies in the region contributed to a successful recovery. This study may be crucial for evaluating future health measures and conditions in Fukushima Prefecture.
Potential of digital technologies in counteracting long-standing deficits in hemodialysis machine training
Authors: Rettinger Maximilian , Steinhaus Julia , Hackenberg Annika , Lehr Lisa , Müller Niklas , Schöffel Matthias , Pandit Sonja , Mayer Julia , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Rigoll Gerhard , Schmaderer Christoph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Before medical professionals are permitted to use a medical device, they first must be instructed in its use. However, it is well known that this method is hazardous for both the staff and the patients due to its inadequate quality. In order to address this problem, we investigated the potential of digital technologies for enhancing medical device training. For this, we designed and implemented several diverse training methods: (1) conventional training by a medical instructor, (2) video-based training, (3) mobile application training on a tablet, (4) virtual reality training, and (5) augmented reality training. Since each method provides identical training content to the user, we compared the resulting learning outcomes between the methods. The findings indicate that virtual and augmented reality training is superior to conventional training. These digital technologies offer the opportunity to reduce the burden on healthcare professionals and increase patient safety.
Toward change in the uneven geographies of urban knowledge production
Authors: Müller Martin , Rihoux Quentin , Neville Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
More than four-fifths of the global urban population live in the Global South and East. Most urban theories, however, originate in the Global North. Building on recent efforts to address this mismatch, this paper examines the geographies of urban knowledge production. It analyzes the institutional affiliations of contributions in 25 leading Anglophone journals (n = 14,582) and nine urban handbooks (n = 252). We show that 42% of the journal articles and 17% of the handbook chapters were authored outside the Global North. However, only 15% of the editor positions (handbooks: 10%) were held by scholars based outside the Global North. This indicates that Global Northern institutions still dominate knowledge gatekeeping, whereas authors are more diverse. Additionally, more empirical journals and those with fewer Northern board members tend to publish more non-Northern authors. Our findings underscore the need for greater epistemic diversity in gatekeeping positions and broader understandings of what counts as theory to better incorporate diverse urban knowledge.
LATS1/2 inactivation in the mammary epithelium drives the evolution of a tumor-associated niche
Authors: Kern Joseph G , Kroehling Lina , Spinella Anthony J , Monti Stefano , Varelas Xaralabos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers exhibit distinct cellular heterogeneity that contributes to disease pathology. In this study we used a genetic mouse model of basal-like breast cancer driven by epithelial-specific inactivation of the Hippo pathway-regulating LATS1 and LATS2 kinases to elucidate epithelial-stromal interactions. We demonstrate that basal-like carcinoma initiation in this model is accompanied by the accumulation of distinct cancer-associated fibroblasts and macrophages and dramatic extracellular matrix remodeling, phenocopying the stromal diversity observed in human triple-negative breast tumors. Dysregulated epithelial-stromal signals were observed, including those mediated by TGF-β, PDGF, and CSF. Autonomous activation of the transcriptional effector TAZ was observed in LATS1/2-deleted cells along with non-autonomous activation within the evolving tumor niche. We further show that inhibition of the YAP/TAZ-associated TEAD family of transcription factors blocks the development of the carcinomas and associated microenvironment. These observations demonstrate that carcinomas resulting from Hippo pathway dysregulation in the mammary epithelium are sufficient to drive cellular events that promote a basal-like tumor-associated niche and suggest that targeting dysregulated YAP/TAZ-TEAD activity may offer a therapeutic opportunity for basal-like mammary tumors.
Adaptive learning anomaly detection and classification model for cyber and physical threats in industrial control systems
Authors: Ahmadi‐Assalemi Gabriela , Al‐Khateeb Haider , Benson Vladlena , Adamyk Bogdan , Ammi Meryem 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA surge of digital technologies adopted into Industrial Control Systems (ICS) exposes critical infrastructures to increasingly hostile and well‐organised cybercrime. The increased need for flexibility and convenient administration expands the attack surface. Likewise, an insider with authorised access reveals a difficult‐to‐detect attack vector. Because of the range of critical services that ICS provide, disruptions to operations could have devastating consequences making ICS an attractive target for sophisticated threat actors. Hence, the authors introduce a novel anomalous behaviour detection model for ICS data streams from physical plant sensors. A model for one‐class classification is developed, using stream rebalancing followed by adaptive machine learning algorithms coupled with drift detection methods to detect anomalies from physical plant sensor data. The authors’ approach is shown on ICS datasets. Additionally, a use case illustrates the model's applicability to post‐incident investigations as part of a defence‐in‐depth capability in ICS. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an overall Matthews Correlation Coefficient score of 0.999 and Cohen's Kappa score of 0.9986 on limited variable single‐type anomalous behaviour per data stream. The results on wide data streams achieve an MCC score of 0.981 and a K score of 0.9808 in the prevalence of multiple types of anomalous instances.
Advancements in smart agriculture: A systematic literature review on state‐of‐the‐art plant disease detection with computer vision
Authors: Yilmaz Esra , Bocekci Sevim Ceylan , Safak Cengiz , Yildiz Kazim 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn an era of rapid digital transformation, ensuring sustainable and traceable food production is more crucial than ever. Plant diseases, a major threat to agriculture, lead to significant losses in crops and financial damage. Standard techniques for detecting diseases, though widespread, are lengthy and intensive work, especially in extensive agricultural settings. This systematic literature review examines the cutting‐edge technologies in smart agriculture specifically computer vision, robotics, deep learning (DL), and Internet of Things (IoT) that are reshaping plant disease detection and management. By analysing 198 studies published between 2021 and 2023, from an initial pool of 19,838 papers, the authors reveal the dominance of DL, particularly with datasets such as PlantVillage, and highlight critical challenges, including dataset limitations, lack of geographical diversity, and the scarcity of real‐world field data. Moreover, the authors explore the promising role of IoT, robotics, and drones in enhancing early disease detection, although the high costs and technological gaps present significant barriers for small‐scale farmers, especially in developing countries. Through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses methodology, this review synthesises these findings, identifying key trends, uncovering research gaps, and offering actionable insights for the future of plant disease management in smart agriculture.
Multi‐cropping contrastive learning and domain consistency for unsupervised image‐to‐image translation
Authors: Zhao Chen , Cai Wei‐Ling , Yuan Zheng , Hu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, unsupervised image‐to‐image (i2i) translation methods based on contrastive learning have achieved state‐of‐the‐art results. However, in previous works, the negatives are sampled from the input image itself, which inspires us to design a data augmentation method to improve the quality of the selected negatives. Moreover, the previous methods only preserve the content consistency via patch‐wise contrastive learning, which ignores the domain consistency between the generated images and the real images of the target domain. This paper proposes a novel unsupervised i2i translation framework based on multi‐cropping contrastive learning and domain consistency, called MCDUT. Specifically, the multi‐cropping views are obtained with the aim of further generating high‐quality negative examples. To constrain the embeddings in the deep feature space, a new domain consistency loss is formulated, which encourages the generated images to be close to the real images. In many i2i translation tasks, this method achieves state‐of‐the‐art results, and the advantages of this method have been proven through extensive comparison experiments and ablation research. The code of MCDUT is available at https://github.com/zhihefang/MCDUT.
OMA‐SSR: Optical‐guided multi‐kernel attention based SAR image super‐resolution reconstruction network
Authors: Li Yanshan , Xu Fan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely studied and applied in many fields. Although image super‐resolution technology has been successfully applied to SAR imaging in recent years, there is less research on large‐scale factor SAR image super‐resolution methods. A more effective method is to obtain comprehensive information to guide the reconstruction of SAR images. In fact, the co‐registered characteristics of high‐resolution optical images have been successfully applied to improve the quality of SAR images. Inspired by this, an optical‐guided multi‐kernel attention based SAR image super‐resolution reconstruction network (OMA‐SSR) is proposed. The proposed multi‐modal mutual attention (MMA) module in this network can effectively establish the dependency between SAR image features and optical image features. This network also designs a deep feature extraction module for SAR images, which includes a channel‐splitted multi‐kernel attention (CSMA) module and residual connections. CSMA module splits SAR image channels, extracts features in different ranges through multi‐kernel convolution, and finally fuses the extracted features between different channels. Experimental results on the Sen1‐2 and QXS datasets show that the proposed OMA‐SSR performs well in evaluation indicators and visual effects of SAR image super‐resolution reconstruction.