bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What causes the extremely heavy rainfall in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot (2009)?
Authors: Ge Xuyang , Li Tim , Zhang Shengjun , Peng Melinda 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDespite its category‐2 intensity only, Typhoon (tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific) Morakot produced a record‐breaking rainfall in Taiwan. A cloud‐resolving model is used to simulate this extreme rainfall event and understand the dynamic aspect under this event. Due to the interaction between Morakot and a monsoon system, a peripheral gale force monsoon surge appears to the south of Taiwan. The monsoon surge remains even in a sensitivity experiment in which Taiwan terrain is reduced. However, the rainfall amount in Taiwan is greatly reduced without high topography over Taiwan, suggesting the important role the local topography plays in producing heavy rainfall. The overall numerical results indicate that it is the interaction among the typhoon, monsoon system, and local terrain that led to this extreme event. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Hydrological seasonal forecast over France: feasibility and prospects
Authors: Céron J.‐P. , Tanguy G. , Franchistéguy L. , Martin E. , Regimbeau F. , Vidal J.‐P. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article presents a first evaluation of a hydrological forecasting suite at seasonal time scales over France. The hydrometeorological model SAFRAN‐ISBA‐MODCOU is forced by seasonal forecasts from the DEMETER project for the March–April–May period. Despite a simple downscaling method, the atmospheric forcings are reasonably well represented at the finest scale. The computed soil moisture shows some predictability with large regions of correlation above 0.3. Probabilistic scores for soil moisture and river flows for four different catchments are higher than that for atmospheric variables. These results suggest to go further for building an operational hydrological seasonal forecast system. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Cardiac malformations and alteration of TGFβ signaling system in diabetic embryopathy
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cardiovascular defects are the most common anomalies in diabetic embryopathy. The mechanisms underlying the manifestation of the defects remain to be addressed. METHODS: Female mice were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Embryos from euglycemic (control) and hyperglycemic groups were examined for morphological and histological evaluation of malformations. Cell proliferation and programmed cell death (apoptosis) were assessed using mitotic markers (BrdU and Ki67) and TUNEL assay, respectively. Expression of eight four genes in the TGFβ signaling system was analyzed using real‐time RT‐PCR. RESULTS: Structural abnormalities were observed in the heart and neural tube in diabetic groups, with significantly higher malformation rates than in control groups. Moreover, malformation rates in the heart were higher than those in the neural tube. Cardiac abnormalities including dilated heart tube, smaller ventricles, conotruncal stenosis, and abnormal heart looping were seen during early morphogenesis prior to cardiac septation [embryonic day (E) 9.5–11.5]. Histological examinations showed hypoplastic myocardium and endocardial cushions. After cardiac septation (E15.5), ventricular septal defects were observed, which were manifested in the non‐muscular portion of the septum. Significant decreases in cell proliferation with no differences in apoptosis were observed in the myocardium and endocardial cushions in diabetic compared to control groups. Factors in the TGFβ signaling that regulate heart development were downregulated by maternal diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal diabetes causes malformations in the heart of the embryo. The heart is more susceptible to maternal diabetic insults than the neural tube. Malformations in the heart prior to septation are associated with decreased cell proliferation, but not increased apoptosis. The TGFβ signaling is involved in cardiac malformations in diabetic embryopathy. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:97–105, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperglycemia and hypoxia are interrelated in their teratogenic mechanism: studies on cultured rat embryos
Authors: Ornoy Asher , Rand Shiran Bahat , Bischitz Noa 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia and hypoxia are well‐known teratogens that may affect many animal species, including man. One of the main mechanisms of teratogenic action of both seems to be increased oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that in the developing embryo hyperglycemia also leads to hypoxia, both resulting in oxidative damage. METHODS: The study was performed on 10.5‐day‐old rat embryos of the regular Sabra strain cultured for 28 hours in hyperglycemic or hypoxic conditions. Embryonic growth and rate of anomalies was assessed at the end of the culture period. The embryonic oxidative damage was investigated by studying the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) to determine the lipid peroxidation. The redox status was studied by measuring the activity of Catalase‐like (CAT) and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) enzymes and the amount of Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants (LMWA). In addition, we studied by immunohistochemistry in the embryos and yolk sacs the amount of nitrotyrosine as an additional marker for the extent of oxidative stress. The amounts of the redox and hypoxia sensitive transcription factors HIF1α, NFkB, and IkB were also studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Both hyperglycemia and hypoxia increased the rate of congenital anomalies mainly of the heart, neural tube, and brain. Embryonic growth and scoring were decreased only by hypoxia. Both hyperglycemia and hypoxia increased embryonic oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation, increased nitrotyrosine and LMWA, but only minimal changes in CAT and SOD activity. Severe hyperglycemia also caused hypoxia, as evidenced by increased HIF1α. Thus, there seems to be an interrelation between hyperglycemia and hypoxia, both resulting in embryonic damage apparently by enhanced oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Both hyperglycemia and hypoxia seem to exert their embryotoxicity through a similar mechanism of increased oxidative stress in the embryo in a stage when its antioxidant capacity is still weak. Moreover, hyperglycemia also seems to induce hypoxia, intensifying diabetes‐induced embryopathy. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:106–115, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaginal discs: Renaissance of a model for regenerative biology
Authors: Bergantiños Cora , Vilana Xavier , Corominas Montserrat , Serras Florenci 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMany animals display a capacity to regenerate tissues or even a complete body. One of the main goals of regenerative biology is to identify the genes and genetic networks necessary for this process. Drosophila offers an ideal model system for such studies. The wide range of genetic and genomic approaches available for use in flies has helped in initiating the deciphering of the mechanisms underlying regeneration, and the results may be applicable to other organisms, including mammals. Moreover, most models of regeneration require experimental manipulation, whereas in Drosophila discrete domains can be ablated by genetically induced methods. Here, we present a summary of current research into imaginal disc regeneration and discuss the power of this tissue as a tool for understanding the genetics of regeneration.
When metabolism meets topology: Reconciling metabolite and reaction networks
Authors: Montañez Raul , Medina Miguel Angel , Solé Ricard V. , Rodríguez‐Caso Carlos 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe search for a systems‐level picture of metabolism as a web of molecular interactions provides a paradigmatic example of how the methods used to characterize a system can bias the interpretation of its functional meaning. Metabolic maps have been analyzed using novel techniques from network theory, revealing some non‐trivial, functionally relevant properties. These include a small‐world structure and hierarchical modularity. However, as discussed here, some of these properties might actually result from an inappropriate way of defining network interactions. Starting from the so‐called bipartite organization of metabolism, where the two meaningful subsets (reactions and metabolites) are considered, most current works use only one of the subsets by means of so‐called graph projections. Unfortunately, projected graphs often ignore relevant biological and chemical constraints, thus leading to statistical artifacts. Some of these drawbacks and alternative approaches need to be properly addressed.
Electrophoresis today and tomorrow: Helping biologists' dreams come true
Authors: Klepárník Karel , Boček Petr 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntensive research and development of electrophoresis methodology and instrumentation during past decades has resulted in unique methods widely implemented in bioanalysis. While two‐dimensional electrophoresis and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate are still the most frequently used electrophoretic methods applied to analyses of proteins, new miniaturized capillary and microfluidic versions of electromigrational methods have been developed. High‐throughput electrophoretic instruments with hundreds of capillaries for parallel separations and laser‐induced fluorescence detection of labeled DNA strands have been of key importance for the scientific and commercial success of the Human Genome Project. Another powerful method, capillary isoelectric focusing with pressurized and pH‐driven mobilization, provides efficient separations and on‐line sensitive detection of proteins, bacteria and viruses. Electrophoretic microfluidic devices can integrate single‐cell injection, cell lysis, separation of its components and fluorescence or mass spectrometry detection. These miniaturized devices also proved the capability of single‐molecule detection.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic method for identification and quantification of three potent liver protective coumarinolignoids—cleomiscosin A, cleomiscosin B and cleomiscosin C—in extracts of Cleome viscosa
Authors: Kaur Ranjeet , Kumar Satyanshu , Chatterjee Arnab , Chattopadhyay Sunil K 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible reverse‐phase HPLC method has been developed for simultaneous identification and quantification of three coumarinolignoids, cleomiscosin A (Cliv A), cleomiscosin B (Cliv B) and cleomiscosin C (Cliv C) in different extracts of the seeds of Cleome viscosa using photodiode array detection at 326 nm. Cliv A, B and C were separated on a Waters symmetry C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using the solvent system consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile : methanol (1:2 v/v) and water : acetic acid (99.5:0.5 v/v) as a mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration ranges 15–200, 10–80 and 15–180 μg/mL for Cliv A, Cliv B and Cliv C, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification for Cliv A, Cliv B and Cliv C were 15 and 20 μg/mL, 10 and 15 μg/mL and 15 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were 2.08 and 0.93% for Cliv A , 1.22 and 0.39% for Cliv B and 1.29 and 0.23 for Cliv C respectively. The developed HPLC method was used to identify and quantify Cliv A, Cliv B and Cliv C in different extracts of seed of Cleome viscosa. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of anti‐Coxsackie virus B3 constituents of Radix Astragali by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ye Guan , Tang Yi‐Hong , Xia Guang‐Xin , Sun Zhao‐Lin , Li Zhi‐Xiong , Huang Cheng‐Gang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo profile the anti‐Coxsackie virus B3 constituents of Radix Astragali, an HPLC‐DAD‐MSn analytical method, combined with an in vivo test, has been developed to identify the constituents of the active part, which has been demonstrated to have potency to inhibit the proliferation of virus in cardiac muscle, alleviate infraction in heart and elevate the survival rate of the animal. By comparing their retention time and MS data with those obtained from the authentic compounds and the published data, a total of 19 compounds, including 11 isoflavonoids and eight saponins, were identified, among which one pterocarpane glucoside was reported for the first time. The present study provides an approach to rapidly screening bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing online resources for an engineering course in numerical methods
Authors: Owens Corina , Kaw Autar , Hess Melinda 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo determine, improve, and refine the quality of the online resources for an engineering course in numerical methods, three assessment instruments were used to gather feedback from (1) the independent instructors of the numerical methods course, (2) the students who use the majority of the resources, and (3) the general students worldwide who use resources on an as‐per‐need basis. The findings of this study provide strong evidence that the use of the website modules is a valued aide to most students. The availability of information in multiple modes and formats, at any time, for the students provides them with accessible and convenient learning material that enhances traditional methods. In addition, the analyses of the open‐ended items by both faculty reviewers and students provided insights into how a website used in a technical course such as Numerical Methods can be effectively organized and implemented to enhance further student learning. Results from the instructor surveys found highest ratings for the perceptions of the degree of helpfulness the modules provided in supplementing student readings and with class presentations, while the results from student surveys found highest ratings in the technological domain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 426–433, 2012
Facial animation retargeting and control based on a human appearance space
Authors: Stoiber Nicolas , Seguier Renaud , Breton Gaspard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExpressive facial animations are essential to enhance the realism and the credibility of virtual characters. Parameter‐based animation methods offer a precise control over facial configurations while performance‐based animation benefits from the naturalness of captured human motion. In this paper, we propose an animation system that gathers the advantages of both approaches. By analyzing a database of facial motion, we create the human appearance space. The appearance space provides a coherent and continuous parameterization of human facial movements, while encapsulating the coherence of real facial deformations. We present a method to optimally construct an analogous appearance face for a synthetic character. The link between both appearance spaces makes it possible to retarget facial animation on a synthetic face from a video source. Moreover, the topological characteristics of the appearance space allow us to detect the principal variation patterns of a face and automatically reorganize them on a low‐dimensional control space. The control space acts as an interactive user‐interface to manipulate the facial expressions of any synthetic face. This interface makes it simple and intuitive to generate still facial configurations for keyframe animation, as well as complete temporal sequences of facial movements. The resulting animations combine the flexibility of a parameter‐based system and the realism of real human motion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image‐based detail reconstruction of non‐Lambertian surfaces
Authors: Lin I‐Chen , Chang Wen‐Hsing , Lo Yung‐Sheng , Peng Jen‐Yu , Lin Chan‐Yu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a novel optimization framework for estimating the static or dynamic surfaces with details. The proposed method uses dense depths from a structured‐light system or sparse ones from motion capture as the initial positions, and exploits non‐Lambertian reflectance models to approximate surface reflectance. Multi‐stage shape‐from‐shading (SFS) is then applied to optimize both shape geometry and reflectance properties. Because this method uses non‐Lambertian properties, it can compensate for triangulation reconstruction errors caused by view‐dependent reflections. This approach can also estimate detailed undulations on textureless regions, and employs spatial‐temporal constraints for reliably tracking time‐varying surfaces. Experiment results demonstrate that accurate and detailed 3D surfaces can be reconstructed from images acquired by off‐the‐shelf devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Acrylates: A Comparative Study
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Geißler Diana 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe efficiency of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reactions of various acrylates to form 2 (5 H)‐furanones, catalyzed by second‐generation ruthenium complexes, is investigated in detail. In particular the effects of substrate concentration and substrate structure were studied for indenylidene and benzylidene catalysts, both of which are shown to catalyze the RCM reaction in good yields. The starting substrate concentration is shown to be an important factor in the reaction, as, at excessive initial substrate concentrations, irreversible catalyst deactivation seems to occur, whereas high catalyst loadings appear to be unnecessary.
Level estimation in oil/water separators based on multiple pressure sensors and multivariate calibration
Authors: Skeie Nils‐Olav , Halstensen Maths 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSeparation of oil, water and gas is an important process stage in oil and gas production. Such mixed fluids with different densities are often separated using a gravity separator. An unwanted emulsion will develop in the layer between oil and water and should not be a part of the oil output flow from the separator. The level and thickness of the emulsion layer together with oil and water content is therefore one of the important properties when controlling the oil output flow rate. The water output flow can be used to adjust the position of the interface/emulsion layer which should be below the oil output. Most of the level estimators are based on radioactive level measurements where the radiation is influenced by the density of the liquids. The radioactive principle is however expensive, and the resolution depends on the number of receivers and the robustness of the software. The main disadvantage is that process operators are exposed to radiation. This paper shows how a set of inexpensive pressure sensors and radar is used together with multivariate calibration for the estimation of the levels and the positions of the different layers in a vertical oil/water/gas separator. The method is calibrated and tested on a pilot scale vertical separator based on the same design as full‐scale separators used in the oil/gas industry. The signals from the radar and pressure sensors are calibrated against known reference levels using partial least squares regression (PLSR). Models based on both competitive and complementary sensor inputs are evaluated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specific Induced Circular Dichroism and Enhanced B to Z Transitions of Duplexes Stabilized by Chromophore‐Linked Alkynylnucleoside Residues
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Aizawa Sayaka , Oota Ikko , Chiba Junya , Inouye Masahiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have developed an induced circular dichroism (ICD) probe with a chromophore‐linked alkynyldeoxyribose skeleton for analyzing higher‐order structures of DNA duplexes in the visible‐light region. When CG‐repeated oligonucleotides (ODNs) with the probe at their 5′ ends adopted Z‐form duplexes at a high NaCl concentration, strong ICD signals were observed at the absorptive region of the chromophore. On the other hand, their B‐form duplexes, formed at a low NaCl concentration, produced a faint ICD signal. The specific ICD for the Z‐form duplexes was found to appear only when the chromophores were attached at the 5′ ends of each of the ODNs. Furthermore, the chromophoric alkynylnucleoside residues effectively promoted the B to Z transition of the ODN.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure of Co(II)(6‐methoxybenzothiazole‐ 2‐carboxylate)2(DMF)2and Its Application to Carbonylation of Benzyl Chloride
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Jianli , Chen Wei , Wang Yunxia , Shi Zhen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA new complex, Co(MBTC)2(DMF)2(MBTC=6‐methoxybenzothiazole‐2‐carboxylate, DMF=N,N‐dime‐ thylformamide), was synthesized in DMF solution and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Using the cobalt complex as catalyst, phenylacetic acid was prepared by the carbonylation of benzyl chloride with carbon monoxide (0.1 MPa). The effects of solvents, phase transfer catalysts and temperature on the reactions were investigated. The yield of phenylacetic acid was higher than 90% in optimized condition.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Luminescence of Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with Pyridine‐2,5‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Feng Xinming , Wei Qing , Chen Sanping , Gao Shengli 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe complexes of formulas [Ln2(pydc)2(Hpydc)2(H2O)4]·2H2O [Ln=Ce (1), Pr (2), H2pydc=pyridine‐2,5‐di‐carboxylic acid] have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure analyses for 1 and 2 indicate that one‐dimensional metal helical chains are linked through carboxylate groups, and the helical chains are connected with the bridging pydc2− anion, forming two‐dimensional layered polymeric structures. The luminescent properties of complexes were also discussed.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrobenzene by Titanium Dioxide Powder
Authors: Chen Shifu , Zhang Huaye , Yu Xiaoling , Liu Wei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe feasibility of photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene using titanium dioxide powder as photocatalyst, under the protection of nitrogen and presence of hole scavenger conditions, was studied. Effects of the illumination time, amount of catalyst and sorts of solvent on the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene were investigated, respectively. The results showed that, for the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene, aniline was the main product. When the illumination time was 6 h, 8.15×10−4 mol/L of nitrobenzene could be photocatalytically reduced completely, with the yield of aniline being 88.5%. The optimum amount of TiO2 used was 4.0 g/L, the optimum initial pH value of reaction solution was 4.0 and the best solvent was methanol. The kinetics and mechanisms of the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene were also discussed.
Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of the Petasis‐type Boronic Mannich Reaction of Organoboronic Acids, Amines, and α‐Hydroxy Aldehydes
Authors: Tao Jingcong , Li Shuhua 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of a typical Petasis‐type boronic mannich reaction (the styrylboronic acid, dibenzylamine, and α‐hydroxylpropionaldehyde) has been investigated using density functional theory calculations. According to our calculations, the reaction is most likely to proceed through the following steps: 1) the nucleophilic addition of the amine to the aldehyde to form the carbinolamine; 2) the dehydration of the carbinolamine; 3) the formation of the tetra‐coordinated borate intermediate; 4) the CC bond formation by the intramolecular transfer of the styryl group; 5) the hydrolysis of the resulting intermediate to give the final products. The highest point on the energy profile is the transition state for the CC bond formation (118.8 kJ·mol−1 above the reactants in ethanol). Our results can give reasonable explanations on some experimental facts observed for many Petasis‐type boronic Mannich reactions.