bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Couple et génération. Une histoire de haine et d'amour
Authors: Scale Jessica 
Published: July 2010

Couple and generation, a history of hate and love, Jessica Scale.
The couple changes over a long timespan which presents more continuity than rupture between generations. This reality sets it apart in two ways from the idea of generation : 1) the concept of generation is supported by a fascination with the dialectic in which the social dynamic emerges from the inter-generational conflict 2) the idea of generation. But the generational approach can not be founded on the principle of crystallization at a certain age, of behavior and orientations which in fact are not fixed for ever. Nevertheless, while everything in the couple is opposed to the generational conflict, the heuristic power of the notion of generation is not reduced.
Trois âges du mariage en un siècle
Authors: Sauzay Martine 
Published: July 2010

Three marriage ages in a single century, Martine Sauzay.
During the 20th century there may have been three patterns ; establishment-marriage, in which emotions can enter in conflict with the institution ; merger-marriage after 1945, which is very demanding of the couple ; post-1968 association-marriage, which unites more autonomous individuals. Feminist demands seem to have played a major role in this history of the couple.
La génération de la résistance
Authors: Wieviorka Olivier 
Published: July 2010

Generation of the Resistance movement, Olivier Wieviorka.
Despite the Resistance members' heterogeneity, their mixture of age classes and social origins, one can speak of a generation of the Resistance. If we refer to Defense de la France, one of the major movements of the occupied zone, the founding event can definitely be identified as the defeat of 1940, and the ruptures common to all its members are the social break due to clandestinity, the political break asserted as a wish for independence, the moral break derived from the sharp consciousness of having been a minority. All these identifying and durable signs form the references of that generation.
Lieux de mémoire révolutionnaire et communion républicaine
Authors: Rudelle Odile 
Published: July 2010

Revolutionary memory places and republican communion, Odile Rudelle.
In the debates occasioned by the Bicentennial celebrations one can see the awakening of an old obsession : how to leave Terror behind and found a democracy capable of preventing its return. France's national memory has ratified the idea of a Republic founded by schooling. But the memorial triumph of a de Gaulle in the France of 1989 suggests that this consensus is over : thanks to the institutional achievements of the Fifth Republic, the Republic which has triumphed gradually is that founded on the Constitution, at the risk of creating some embarrassment for the Bicentennial.
Pluralité des développements brésiliens
Authors: Sachs Ignacy 
Published: July 2010

Brazil's multiple developments, Ignacy Sachs.
The Centennial of the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic coincides with the double challenge of renewed growth, after a decade of slow-down and the coming out of the rut of mis development. While the country has many assets for a return to its historie growth pattern (about 6 %), the task is not easy. It implies a change of direction, from wild to civilized capitalism. The vertical development pattern — accompanied by heavy spatial concentration and a highly uneven income distribution — must be replaced by a pattern of horizontal development, more evenly balanced in both respects. But this model must not let us forget sight of the fact that in a country as big as Europe, development is necessarily variable and will differ according to regions or even micro-regions.
La conquête de l'espace brésilien
Authors: Théry Hervé 
Published: July 2010

The conquest of Brazilian space, Hervé Théry.
In one century, the organization of Brazilian space has changed decisively, mainly because of changes in the structures of political power. Traditional Brazil gave the image of a justaposition of totally isolated archipelagos controlled by a pyramid of oligarchies based on clientelistic relations. In modern Brazil, on the contrary, there is a constant process of mastery and spatial unification of the territory, closely associated with the centralization of political power.
La rupture franco-britannique de 1940. Le conseil suprême interallié, de l'invasion à la défaite de la France
Authors: Bédarida François 
Published: July 2010

The Franco-British split of 1940. The Supreme War Council from the invasion to the defeat of France, François Bédarida.
Could the Supreme War Council, created during the summer of 1939 to unify French and British strategies, survive the storm of May-June 1940 ? Confronted with the traumatic rout of their army, most French leaders took the path of defeatism, while with Churchill, the British opted resolutely for a light at ail costs. From then on, as can be seen by following the various summit meetings, only a few weeks were needed to lead yesterday's alies to the breaking point.
Berlin vu par les voyageurs français (1900-1939)
Authors: Chombard-Gaudin Cécile 
Published: July 2010

Berlin as seen by French travelers (1900-1939), Cécile Chombard-Gaudin.
From 1909 to 1939, French travelers were both fascinated and frightened by Berlin. This city did not conform to the usual stereotypes of French representation of Germany, hovering between a Madame de Staël-type romanticism and a defensive attitude towards « Prussia ». Berlin, which had entered modernity with great assurance, already prefïgured a different Germany, young, dynamic, always wanting to outdo itself. These pre-1939 descriptions have taken on a certain topicality since the fall of 1989.
Manifestations, fêtes et rassemblements à Paris (juin 1936-novembre 1938)
Authors: Tartakowsky Danielle 
Published: July 2010

Demonstrations, meetings and fairs in Paris (June 1936-November 1938), Danielle Tartakowsky.
The Popular Front period saw the appearance of forms of mass mobilization which combined culture and politics, city and country fairs, dances, shows, readings and lectures. Besides these types of mobilization, which did not imply new types of action, there were traditional demonstrations and parades. The cohabitation reveals the dual relationship between the masses and the Popular Front : the Popular Front was their expression, but there were still conflicts and confrontations.
Les loisirs populaires de Poitiers
Authors: Gérôme Noëlle 
Published: July 2010

Popular leisure in Poitiers, Noëlle Gérôme.
Known through a local newspaper, Le Front populaire de la Vienne, leisure activities in the Poitiers region displayed a religious, symbolic and political syncretism, which reflected the deep penetration of the Popular Front values as well as the social and cultural foundations which helped it. The study also identifies the local expressions of the national values which inspired the Popular Front's actors. The Poitiers case shows how exogenous rules and patterns must face the local ability to understand, transcribe, and assimilate them, with reference to indigenous structures.
Les partis communistes Italien et Français et l'après-Staline
Authors: Lazar Marc 
Published: July 2010

The Italian and French Communist parties and the post-Stalin era, Marc Lazar
The article deals a hitherto unpublished document, recently found in Italian archives : the report Pietro Secchia made on returning from Moscow in July 1953. The Soviets had admitted to him, four months after Stalin's death, that there had been in the URSS a « personality cuit » and a « deviation from Leninist principles ». The author underscores the impact of this secret revelation on the party of Thorez and that of Togliatti, three years before the famous Khrushchev report to the 20th Congress.
L'histoire aux éditions Alcan (1874-1939)
Authors: Tesnière Valérie 
Published: July 2010

History at Editions Alcan (1874-1939), Valérie Tesnière.
A former student at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, very much at home in the intellectual and academic circles, Félix Alcan was one of the great publishers of the Third Republic, with whose pedagogic humanism he was constantly associated. The Editions Alcan provide a privileged vantage point for the analysis of a key moment in the history of French publishing, that of the emergence of modem and diversified firms. The study also shows, in the case of the positivist historians published by Alcan, the complex components of the relations between the academic and the publishing worlds.
Contrôler ou encadrer ?
Authors: Peschanski Denis 
Published: July 2010

What kind of control ? Information and propaganda during Vichy, Denis Peschanski.
As in other areas, the information and propaganda policy of the Vichy regime displayed a constant authoritarianism but also heterogeneity. Following the first months of bitter conflicts for the control of decision-making structures, three men defined three specific policies : Marion's policy was to structure society, with the prospect of a future one-party regime ; Laval's policy was that of mere control, for better collaboration with Germany ; for Henriot, it was a civil war waged by a desperate police state.
« Il était une fois un Maréchal de France... »
Authors: Crépin Thierry 
Published: July 2010

« Once upon a time, there was a French Field Marshall... », Thierry Crépin.
The Vichy regime children's press was not of one kind. Although the French State had its heart set on directing propaganda to young readers, the regime did not succeed in really contributing to the development of the children's press. The situation was hardly favorable to the emergence of a new genre which required authors and publishers willing to follow non traditional roads ; plans and aims remained imprecise. The legacy of the period was the rise of young draughts-men as well as the American fashion which was to experience a bright future.
La section spéciale de Caen (1941-1944)
Authors: Lecouturier Yves 
Published: July 2010

The Caen « Special section », Yves Lecouturier.
The « Special section » of the Caen Court was established in August 1941. After several trials of Communist Party militants, with relatively mild verdicts, the cases concerned mostly non political misdemeanors such as animal thefts, black market activities and illegal dealings. Was that because German court martials very quickly took in hand political repression even before the Bousquet-Oberg agreements of August 1942 ? Whatever the reason, Norman judges dont seem to have been very severe towards their compatriots.
Les couleurs du stade
Authors: Pastoureau Michel 
Published: July 2010

The colors of the stadium, Michel Pastoureau.
A historian of the Middle Ages analyzes the dominant colors of the stadium : the green of the grass, which is also that of the gambling table, the players' contrasting jerseys, the black of the umpire with his red or yellow sign of authority, the greyness of amateurs' meets and the colorful exuberance of the advertising for big games : these are the colors of the ritual.
Le football italien. Une histoire à l'échelle du siècle
Authors: Milza Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Italian soccer : a century-long history, Pierre Milza.
As an urban phenomenon characteristic of the big industrial cities of the North (Torino, Genoa, Milan), calcio remained until 1914 the prerogative of the bourgeoisie and liberal aristocracy. Between the wars, soccer became a mass sport practiced throughout Italy. It was taken over by fascism, which made it a spectator sport, a factor of " consensus ". That was the period of great international successes, but also of a growing dependence on money. After 1945, calcio became a factor of national solidarity in the framework of the city and region, slowly integrating the clubs of the South.
Le football Sarrois de 1947 a 1952. Un contre-pied aux actions diplomatiques
Authors: Lanfranchi Pierre 
Published: July 2010

Saar soccer from 1947 to 1952, Pierre Lanfranchi.
After the Second World War, while integration of Saar soccer to France was part of governmental objectives to win pacification through denazification and de-Germanization, it demonstrated mostly a new interference of international political issues in sport. But neither pressure nor manoeuvres were effective in winning the teams away from Germany. The Saar, without really trying to understand its deep reasons, was able to show in practice that independence could exist in the stadium and to assert the primacy of the sports ethics over the reason of State.
Une histoire économique du football en France est-elle possible ?
Authors: Marseille Jacques 
Published: July 2010

Is an economie history of French soccer possible ? Jacques Marseille.
Through the mass of spectators attracted to stadiums and the advertising revenues from the show that it offers, the local industrial stakes which it exacerbates, the income of the clubs, soccer now has a great economie weight. The French example shows that this sport deserves to become a topic for an original economie history, dealing with the clubs as firms, and with the specifie market that soccer has structured. Its success in France was closely connected, like previously the overall industrial development of the country, to that of small groups in medium-sized cities.
Le mai 68 des footballeurs français
Authors: Wahl Alfred 
Published: July 2010

The French soccer players' May'68, Alfred Wahl.
Is soccer a closed world ? Far from it, as shown by the May 1968 protest movement. Under the auspices of a group of protesting journalists belonging to Miroir du Football, a handful of players occupied the premises of the all-powerful French Football Federation, with demands concerning the status of soccer players, the organizational structures and the very concept of the game. By thus shaking a rigid edifice, the " May of soccer players " had a non-negligible impact.
La percée du football en terre de rugby. L'exemple du sud-ouest français et de l'agglomération bordelaise
Authors: Augustin Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2010

The breakthrough of soccer in the land of rugby. The example of the French South-West and the Bordeaux area, Jean-Pierre Augustin.
Rugby, which came from England, imposed itself in the Bordeaux metropolitan area and the whole South-West at the beginning of this century as a factor of regional identity. But soccer, until the spectacular successes of the Bordeaux Girondins Club in the last few years, was able to make its way by imposing the image of a major national sport in the context of a local particularity.
Les écrivains et le football en France. Une anthologie
Authors: Balmand Pascal 
Published: July 2010

Writers and soccer in France. An anthology, Pascal Balmand
Although soccer has not been a great inspiration to French writers, the develop-ment of literary, intellectual and artistic reactions to this popular sport reveals changes in the intellectual world. A brief anthology shows two phases. In the 1920s, writers and intellectuals saw in soccer an expression of values : the development of body and mind, or the coming together of classes and nations. The 1960s and 1970s stressed the playful and aesthetic aspects of the game, along with the scholarly studies.
La petite entente, la France et Beneš
Authors: Fejtö François 
Published: July 2010

The Little Entente, France and Benes, François Vejtö.
Contrary to a widespread opinion, the Little Entente which united Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia in the 1920s was created not at France's initiative, but President Benes. It guaranteed a status quo for Central European frontiers, an achievement which has become singularly topical since 1989.
Les trois âges du vélo en France
Authors: Gaboriau Philippe 
Published: July 2010

The bicycle's three âges in France, Philippe Gaboriau.
Appearing in the first quarter of the 19th c, the bike retained for a long time an image limited to the social and cultural elites. Gradually, however, the « bourgeois bike » gave away to the « popular bike », which had its apogee between the 1920s and 1960s and then lost ground due to the emergence of the « ecological bike » in the 1980s. The sociological study of biking practice makes it possible to measure its development as a good reflection of social and cultural changes in contemporary France, and as a precious testimony of the relation between the mental worlds of the rulers and the ruled.
L'opinion française et la guerre d'Indochine (1945-1954). Sondages et témoignages
Authors: Ruscio Alain 
Published: July 2010

French public opinion and the Indochina War. Poils and testimonies, Alain Ruscio.
Unkike the Algerian war, the Indochina war did not really mobilize French public opinion ; the fact is well known. But only a study of opinion poils provides accurate data on the real scope of this relative indifférence, and an explanation of why advocates and opponents of the conflict never succeeded in getling massive approval. As the military commitment lasted and got bogged down, the army and the nation diverged, in the absence of any real motivation for the common man to approve a war whose stakes were not obvious.
Jean Monnet, les États-Unis et le plan français
Authors: Wall Irwin M. 
Published: July 2010

Jean Monnet, The USA and the French Plan, Irwin M. Wall.
French Planning Commissioner, then President of the European Coal and Steel Community, leader of an « Action Committee for the United States of Europe », Jean Monnet was at the heart of all the struggles for French economic rebirth and European construction. The article describes his strokes of genius and his negotiation skills. It does not hide his failures, the clearest of which was the aborted project of a European Defense Community.
Mémoire, mythe et doxa de l'état en Algérie. L'étoile nord-africaine et la religion du « watan »
Authors: Carlier Omar 
Published: July 2010

Memory, myth and doxa of the state in Algeria. The Etoile Nord-Africaine and the « Watan » religion, Omar Carlier.
The Etoile Nord Africaine, Messali Hadj's nationalist movement, has been banned from history since 1962 when the National Liberation Front acceded to power in Algeria. The front has advocated a philosophy of history « in action » and constructed a national religion which excluded the losers. This struggle for memory lost some intensity after the October 1988 events, and since of 1989, the Etoile Nord-Africaine has reappeared in the forefront of the Algerian historical stage.
Le crime de Katyn dans la conscience nationale des Polonais
Authors: Achmatowicz Aleksander 
Published: July 2010

The crime of Katyn in the Poles' national conscience, Aleksander Achmatowicz.
The massacre of 15,000 Polish officers by the Soviets in the Spring of 1940 long remained a taboo subject for the Polish government, which accepted the Soviet official version. According to Moscow, the crime had been commited by the Nazi military. From the date of the crime to the beginning of perestroïka, in spite of hesitant attempts in Poland to establish the truth, only a few Western works dealt with the issue, vigorously censored by the Polish and Russian authorities from the 1940s to the end of the 1970s. The size of Solidarnosc brought about the beginning of the failure of the 35-year attempts to falsify history to protect the communist regime. The reesta-blishing of the truth about Katyn played an important role in the awakening of the Polish conscience. Demands for the erection of a monument to the memory of the victimes bearing the origin of the assassins helped the assertion of the Polish opposition in its quest for identity.
Le monde vu du Canada (1970-1990)
Authors: Portes Jacques 
Published: July 2010

The world as seen from Canada (1970-1990), Jacques Portes.
Are the Canadians interested in world affairs ? The answer is doubtful if one looks at the space devoted to world affairs by the press and TV. The study of opinion poils and surveys reveals even more the clear limitation of their international horizon to the US and to a lesser extent to Great Britain, and to France for the Québécois. But behind this relative indifference lies in fact a sort of reverse image of Canadian identity whose contradictions and ambiguities are based on a feeling of widely shared national pride.
L'invention de la Méditerranée
Authors: Ruel Anne 
Published: July 2010

Inventing the Mediterranean, Anne Ruel.
The history of the Mediterranean area is also a matter of words. In describing the slow and late emergence of the noun ' Mediterranean ', the author lays bare the mechanisms by which the concept of Mediterranean results as much from a construction of the mind as from ' objective ' data. Geographers like Elisée Reclus and historians like Fernand Braudel established an idea to which imagination, especially under the guise of nostalgia, may have contributed as much as reason.
Le Maghreb et l'Europe : que faire de la Méditerranée ?
Authors: Basfao Koem , Henry Jean-Robert 
Published: July 2010

North Africa and Europe : what is one to do with the Mediterranean ? Kasem Basfao, Jean-Robert Henry.
There is a psychological tension between the Maghrib and Europe, whose strength is additional to the diplomatie, demographie and economic stakes. Dream of a unifying Mediterranean, lost Andalusia, modernity, wealth of a common heritage : the fantasies meet and cancel out. The scenarios of the future do not justify much optimism : the Mediterranean is a ditch as much as a link.
L'institut du monde arabe entre deux rives
Authors: Fabre Thierry 
Published: July 2010

The Institute of the Arab World between two shores, Thierry Fabre.
Immediately after its creation in Paris, in 1987, the Institute of the Arab World has gone through a severe financial crisis, because the Arab countries are not contributing to its operation. The Institute also suffered from the international tension and the Gulf war. Its ambitions have not always been clearly stated. It nevertheless dreams of being a site for exchange and reflection common to all the civilizations that dot the shores of the Mediterranean. Will it succeed ?
Les juifs d'état dans les guerres franco-françaises. Du boulangisme au front populaire
Authors: Birnbaum Pierre 
Published: July 2010

State Jews in Franco-French wars. From Boulangism to the Popular Front, Pierre Birnbaum.
The Franco-French war mechanism, i.e. the intense radicalization of political conflict, includes antisemitism as one of its major elements. At such times, " state Jews ", those directly involved in the civic debates and belonging to the circles of power, attract a major part of the passions and hatreds that rent the social body. Alfred Naquet, who attempted the impossible wager of being both Jewish and Boulangiste ; Joseph Reinach, who polarized the antisemitic violence of the Dreyfus affair ; Léon Blum, the first Jewish President of the Council of Ministers : these three emblematic figures illus- trate, in different ways, the central place which antisemitism occupied in the political culture of the adversaries of the model embodied by the Third Republic.
Hollywood au pays des ciné-clubs (1947-1954)
Authors: Loyer Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2010

Hollywood in the French movie clubs, Emmanuelle Loyer.
Starting from a precise analysis of Ciné-Club, the magazine of the French federation of movie clubs, it is easy to discern the assumptions of the vigorously anti-American discourse that prevailed in the French movie clubs after Liberation. Hollywood was the " dream factory ", its cinema a frivolous weapon of the cold war. But reverence unto the great American moviemakers, Chaplin, Welles, or Griffth, partly ruined this polemic set of arguments. Many weaknesses in the French cinema were revealed by obstinate debating about the Amercan cinema.