bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Spin–Orbit Torques in Graphene by Pt Adatoms Decoration
Authors: Wang 王 Yifei 怡飞 , Zhang 张 Qi 其 , Xu 徐 Haiming 海茗 , Guo 郭 Xi 玺 , Chang 常 Yuhan 宇晗 , Zhang 张 Jianrong 健荣 , He 和 Xiaodong 孝东 , Zuo 左 Yalu 亚路 , Cui 崔 Baoshan 宝山 , Xi 席 Li 力 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Graphene (Gr) with widely acclaimed characteristics, such as exceptionally long spin diffusion length at room temperature, provides an outstanding platform for spintronics. However, its inherent weak spin–orbit coupling (SOC) has limited its efficiency for generating the spin currents in order to control the magnetization switching process for applications in spintronics memories. Following the theoretical prediction on the enhancement of SOC in Gr by heavy atoms adsorption, here we experimentally observe a sizeable spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in Gr by the decoration of its surface with Pt adatoms in Gr/Pt(t
Pt)/FeNi trilayers with the optimal damping-like SOT efficiency around 0.55 by 0.6-nm-thick Pt layer adsorption. The value is nearly four times larger than that of the Pt/FeNi sample without Gr and nearly twice the value of the Gr/FeNi sample without Pt adsorption. The efficiency of the enhanced SOT in Gr by Pt adatoms is also demonstrated by the field-free SOT magnetization switching process with a relatively low critical current density around 5.4 MA/cm2 in Gr/Pt/FeNi trilayers with the in-plane magnetic anisotropy. These findings pave the way for Gr spintronics applications, offering solutions for future low power consumption memories.
Reply to Comment on ‘Self-thinning forest understoreys reduce wildfire risk, even in a warming climate’
Authors: Zylstra Philip J , Lindenmayer David B , Bradshaw S Don 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Our previous analysis of mapped records of forest fires in National Parks in Southwestern Australia showed that fires initiated a pulse in flammability (the likelihood of a point being burned by wildfire), but that flammability declined as forests matured (Zylstra et al 2022 Environ. Res. Lett.
17 044022). This reduction in flammability was contrary to that expected from modelling used by the West Australian Government to guide management, but consistent with expectations from peer-reviewed fire behaviour science and published ecological drivers of fire behaviour. Miller et al (2024 Environ. Res. Lett.) argued that our reported decline in flammability of long-unburnt forest is an artefact of poor data quality including flawed records kept by the West Australian Government, along with fewer and smaller sample sizes in long-unburnt forest. These problems, they claim, biased these age-classes toward values of zero flammability due to a rounding error. Critically, Miller et al (2024 Environ. Res. Lett.) did not test their hypothesis by repeating the analysis with these data removed. Here, we show that Miller et al’s (2024 Environ. Res. Lett.) concerns are dependent upon the mathematical fallacy that rounding errors only occur in one direction (rounding flammability down to zero), when they have an equal likelihood of rounding upward and elevating flammability. The effect of this is to introduce noise rather than bias. We tested their hypothesis by repeating the analysis of Zylstra et al (2022 Environ. Res. Lett.
17 044022) with a better suited statistical method on an improved and expanded dataset after removing the small patches that Miller et al (2024 Environ. Res. Lett.) proposed would bias the findings. Contrary to the objections of Miller et al (2024 Environ. Res.
Lett.), removing lower quality data revealed that the mature forests were even less flammable than expected, so that only annual prescribed burning could reduce bushfire likelihood below that in forests unburnt for 56 years or more. Our findings highlight the role of prescribed burning in creating a more flammable landscape.
Simultaneous polarization and wavelength merging for efficient fiber coupling system using a designed one-mirror prism
Authors: Liu Chang , Xue Lirui , Yan Ziyi , Cheng Liwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The difference in beam quality between the fast-axis and slow-axis directions of semiconductor lasers limits its wide application. Conventional development methods for solving this problem require a large number of optical components. A one-mirror prism shaping scheme based on wavelength combination and polarization combination techniques is proposed to simultaneously halve the optical width in the slow-axis direction and fill in the dark region in the fast-axis direction to improve and equalize the beam quality. Compared with the traditional beam shaping scheme, the design does not use the cutting-translation-rearrangement of prism technology to avoid uneven spot distribution at the same time, the use of the design of a single prism can achieve several functions to improve the efficiency of prism utilization, to avoid the use of prism stacks, the whole system is simple and compact, easy to implement The design couples two laser stacks, both consisting of 10 cm-bars, into the target fiber with a fiber characteristic of 400 μm, 0.22. An output power of 1415.8 W is obtained from the output end of the fiber, and the coupling efficiency is calculated to be 88.5%.
Size Dimension Chart for Reference Cuff Validation and Limitations in Current Recommendations
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
International standards used for device validation protocols require that the reference cuff conforms to a width and length that is 37 to 50% and 75 to 100% of the arm circumference, respectively. However, there is no published chart of appropriate width and length dimensions across the range of arm circumferences. The objective of this report was to create a chart that could be used to guide reference cuff selection and compare recommended dimensions with two common cuff systems.

METHODS
Arm circumferences, ranging from 22 to 52 cm were used to create a reference table for width and length requirements. Arm circumferences were grouped following the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendation for cuff sizes. Cuff dimension data was extracted from the website of a cuff system commonly used for validations (the Baum Corporation). Both the AHA recommendations and Baum sizes were compared with the recommended reference dimensions

RESULTS
There were discrepancies in size naming conventions between the Baum Corporation and the AHA cuff systems. Moreover, there were gaps in both systems where the cuff would not be recommended for validation (31–32 cm for Baum and 30–31 cm for the AHA). Neither system had cuffs that could be used for the largest arm circumferences.

CONCLUSIONS
This chart highlights the need for more than one cuff system in validation studies and the critical need for cuffs that could be used for validation among larger arm circumferences.
CO-assisted partial oxidation of methane and selective C1 oxygenate formation using iridium-ZSM-5 catalyst
Authors: Moteki Takahiko , Tominaga Naoto , Ogura Masaru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The direct partial oxidation of methane to oxygenates remains challenging. Here, CO-assisted methane conversion was investigated using an Ir-ZSM-5 catalyst, and it achieved higher C1 selectivity compared with that achieved using a model Rh-ZSM-5 catalyst. A plausible reaction sequence is proposed via kinetic analysis, and the differences between the two catalysts were revealed.
Aperiodic components of local field potentials reflect inherent differences between cortical and subcortical activity
Authors: Bush Alan , Zou Jasmine F , Lipski Witold J , Kokkinos Vasileios , Richardson R Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Information flow in brain networks is reflected in local field potentials that have both periodic and aperiodic components. The 1/fχ aperiodic component of the power spectra tracks arousal and correlates with other physiological and pathophysiological states. Here we explored the aperiodic activity in the human thalamus and basal ganglia in relation to simultaneously recorded cortical activity. We elaborated on the parameterization of the aperiodic component implemented by specparam (formerly known as FOOOF) to avoid parameter unidentifiability and to obtain independent and more easily interpretable parameters. This allowed us to seamlessly fit spectra with and without an aperiodic knee, a parameter that captures a change in the slope of the aperiodic component. We found that the cortical aperiodic exponent χ, which reflects the decay of the aperiodic component with frequency, is correlated with Parkinson’s disease symptom severity. Interestingly, no aperiodic knee was detected from the thalamus, the pallidum, or the subthalamic nucleus, which exhibited an aperiodic exponent significantly lower than in cortex. These differences were replicated in epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial monitoring that included thalamic recordings. The consistently lower aperiodic exponent and lack of an aperiodic knee from all subcortical recordings may reflect cytoarchitectonic and/or functional differences.

Significance statement
The aperiodic component of local field potentials can be modeled to produce useful and reproducible indices of neural activity. Here we refined a widely used phenomenological model for extracting aperiodic parameters (namely the exponent, offset and knee), with which we fit cortical, basal ganglia, and thalamic intracranial local field potentials, recorded from unique cohorts of movement disorders and epilepsy patients. We found that the aperiodic exponent in motor cortex is higher in Parkinson's disease patients with more severe motor symptoms, suggesting that aperiodic features may have potential as electrophysiological biomarkers for movement disorders symptoms. Remarkably, we found conspicuous differences in the aperiodic parameters of basal ganglia and thalamic signals compared to those from neocortex.
Iodo-bridged dicopper(I) complex containing a benzothienobenzothiophene unit: structure, characterization, and crystal-packing effects on solid-state photoluminescence
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Tahara Keishiro , Kadoya Tomofumi , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The title complex was newly synthesized by straightforward ligand substitution of a parent complex having a N2P2 set. The present complex had a deformed rhomboidal {Cu2I2} core with shortened Cu···Cu and prolonged I···I diagonals compared with those of the parent complex and formed one-dimensional channels filled with solvent molecules in crystals. The complex exhibited unusual red shift in solid-state photoluminescence assigned to halogen/metal-to-ligand charge transfer, indicating association of the unique crystal packing containing intramolecular electronic coupling between benzothienobenzothiophene moieties.
Open, endovascular or hybrid repair of aortic arch disease: narrative review of diverse strategies with diverse options
Authors: Takayama Hiroo , Hohri Yu , Brinster Derek R , Chen Edward P , El-Hamamsy Ismail , Elmously Adham , Derose Joseph J , Hisamoto Kazuhiro , Lau Christopher , Okita Yutaka , Peterson Mark D , Spielvogel David , Youdelman Benjamin A , Pacini Davide 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The management of aortic arch disease is complex. Open surgical management continues to evolve, and the introduction of endovascular repair is revolutionizing aortic arch surgery. Although these innovative techniques have generated the opportunity for better outcomes in select patients, they have also introduced confusion and uncertainty regarding best practices.

METHODS
In New York, we developed a collaborative group, the New York Aortic Consortium, as a means of cross-linking knowledge and working together to better understand and treat aortic disease. In our meeting in May 2023, regional aortic experts and invited international experts discussed the contemporary management of aortic arch disease, differences in interpretation of the available literature and the integration of endovascular technology into disease management. We summarized the current state of aortic arch surgery in this review article.

RESULTS
Approaches to aortic arch repair have evolved substantially, whether it be methods to reduce cerebral ischaemia, improve haemostasis, simplify future operations or expand options for high-risk patients with endovascular approaches. However, the transverse aortic arch remains challenging to repair. Among our collaborative group of cardiac/aortic surgeons, we discovered a wide disparity in our practice patterns and our management strategies of patients with aortic arch disease.

CONCLUSIONS
It is important to build unique institutional expertise in the context of complex and evolving management of aortic arch disease with open surgery, endovascular repair and hybrid approaches, tailored to the risk profiles and anatomical specifics of individual patients.
Same evidence different recommendations: a methodological assessment of transatlantic guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease
Authors: Milojevic Milan , Sousa-Uva Miguel , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Kaul Sanjay , Nikolic Aleksandar , Mandrola John , Sádaba J Rafael , Myers Patrick O 
Published: May 2024

Summary

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to identify methodological variations leading to varied recommendations between the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) valvular heart disease guidelines and to suggest foundational steps towards standardizing guideline development.

METHODS
An in-depth analysis was conducted to evaluate the methodologies used in developing the transatlantic guidelines for managing valvular heart disease. The evaluation was benchmarked against the standards proposed by the Institute of Medicine.

RESULTS
Substantial discrepancies were noted in the methodologies utilized in development processes, including Writing Committee composition, evidence evaluation, conflict of interest management and voting processes. Furthermore, despite their mutual differences, both methodologies demonstrate notable deviations from the Institute of Medicine standards in several essential areas, including literature review and evidence grading. These dual variances likely influenced divergent treatment recommendations. For example, the ESC/EACTS recommends transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for patients with chronic severe mitral regurgitation ineligible for mitral valve surgery, while the ACC/AHA recommends transcatheter edge-to-edge repair based on anatomy, regardless of surgical risk. ESC/EACTS guidelines recommend a mechanical aortic prosthesis for patients under 60, while ACC/AHA guidelines recommend it for patients under 50. Notably, the ACC/AHA and ESC/EACTS guidelines have differing age cut-offs for surgical over transcatheter aortic valve replacement (&lt;65 and &lt;75 years, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Variations in methodologies for developing clinical practice guidelines have resulted in different treatment recommendations that may significantly impact global practice patterns. Standardization of essential processes is vital to increase the uniformity and credibility of clinical practice guidelines, ultimately improving healthcare quality, reducing variability and enhancing trust in modern medicine.
Effects of a culturally tailored low-glycaemic index dietary educational intervention on reducing cardiometabolic risk among Chinese adults with obesity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leung Lai Yin , Sit Janet Wing Hung , Gao Ruitong , Chair Sek Ying 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effect of a culturally tailored low-glycaemic index (GI) dietary educational intervention on body mass index and cardiometabolic risks for Chinese people with obesity in Hong Kong.

Methods and results
A total of 166 Chinese adults in Hong Kong with obesity were randomized to the intervention group (n = 83) or the control group (n = 83). The intervention group received the culturally sensitive low-GI dietary educational intervention based on the health belief model, consisting of an educational booklet, one individual interactive educational session, and three follow-up telephone calls. The control group received general advice on a healthy diet, including a pamphlet, one individual education session, and three follow-up telephone calls. Outcome measures included body mass index, cardiometabolic risk factors, dietary intake variables, and sense of satiety. Data collection was conducted at baseline and post-intervention at 12 weeks. A generalized estimating equation model was used to compare the difference in changes in outcome variables between groups. Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in dietary glycaemic load (β = −6.963, P = 0.026) at post-intervention. No significant effects were found on other outcomes.

Conclusion
A 12-week culturally tailored and health belief model-based low-GI dietary educational intervention significantly reduced the dietary glycaemic load and showed the feasibility of the low-GI dietary intervention in Chinese adults in Hong Kong with obesity. A longer intervention period and follow-up might be required to achieve improvements in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in people with obesity.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04152213
Childhood and Midlife Cultural Awareness and Activity Engagement Among Korean Married Couples
Authors: Kim Bon , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey A , Han Gyounghae 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cultural reproduction theory posits that cultural resources are transmitted across generations, suggesting early parental influences on cultural experiences in adulthood. Further, cultural resources may be transferred within the same generation—through significant others, such as spouses. This study investigates cultural engagement among middle-aged adults, focusing on individual and spousal influences of childhood cultural engagement.

Methods
A sample of 1,271 couples (age 49–66) from the 2012 Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study and the Korean Forgotten Generation Study was analyzed. Each respondent reported the number of arts and cultural activities (e.g., paintings, literature, and classical music) and levels of perceived cultural engagement (i.e., cultural awareness) during childhood and at midlife. Actor–partner interdependence models (APIMs) were estimated to examine how spouses’ childhood and midlife cultural engagement were linked within couples.

Results
Findings showed that wives reported higher levels of activity participation and cultural awareness in childhood and midlife, compared to husbands. The APIM results indicated that beyond one’s own childhood cultural engagement, spouse’s childhood cultural awareness was associated with both levels of participation in arts and cultural activities (only for husbands) and cultural awareness (for both husbands and wives) at midlife.

Discussion
Cultural activities and awareness can be valuable assets to enhance overall well-being in later life. Given the cross-spousal associations in cultural engagement among Korean middle-aged couples, both spouses’ cultural resources need to be considered for the design of interventions and policies to cultivate cultural competence and promote cultural engagement in adulthood.
Pressure-dependent large-scale seismic anisotropy induced by non-Newtonian mantle flow
Authors: Magali J K , Ledoux E E , Thomas C , Capdeville Y , Merkel S 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY
Observations of large-scale seismic anisotropy can be used as a marker for past and current deformation in the Earth’s mantle. Nonetheless, global features such as the decrease of the strength of anisotropy between ∼150 and 410 km in the upper mantle and weaker anisotropy observations in the transition zone remain ill-understood. Here, we report a proof of concept method that can help understand anisotropy observations by integrating pressure-dependent microscopic flow properties in mantle minerals particularly olivine and wadsleyite into geodynamic simulations. The model is built against a plate-driven semi-analytical corner flow solution underneath the oceanic plate in a subduction setting spanning down to 660 km depth with a non-Newtonian n = 3 rheology. We then compute the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine aggregates in the upper mantle (UM), and wadsleyite aggregates in the upper transition zone (UTZ) using a viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) method, with the lower transition zone (LTZ, below 520 km) assumed isotropic. Finally, we apply a tomographic filter that accounts for finite-frequency seismic data using a fast-Fourier homogenization algorithm, with the aim of providing mantle models comparable with seismic tomography observations. Our results show that anisotropy observations in the UM can be well understood by introducing gradual shifts in strain accommodation mechanism with increasing depths induced by a pressure-dependent plasticity model in olivine, in contrast with simple A-type olivine fabric that fails to reproduce the decrease in anisotropy strength observed in the UM. Across the UTZ, recent mineral physics studies highlight the strong effect of water content on both wadsleyite plastic and elastic properties. Both dry and hydrous wadsleyite models predict reasonably low anisotropy in the UTZ, in agreement with observations, with a slightly better match for the dry wadsleyite models. Our calculations show that, despite the relatively primitive geodynamic setup, models of plate-driven corner flows can be sufficient in explaining first-order observations of mantle seismic anisotropy. This requires, however, incorporating the effect of pressure on mineralogy and mineral plasticity models.
Financial assistance and payment plans for underinsured patients shopping for “shoppable” hospital services
Authors: Randall Samantha , Rohrer Josephine , Wong Nicholas , Nguyen Nina Linh , Trish Erin , Duffy Erin L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent price transparency laws are designed to better inform patients as they compare hospital options and “shop” for health care services. In addition to prices, underinsured patients seeking care need information on financial assistance, discounts, payment plans, and upfront payment requirements to compare the affordability of care across hospitals. Little is known about the availability of this information and the experience of prospective patients seeking it. We contacted a random sample of 10% of general short-term hospitals across the United States in this “secret shopper” telephone study to assess financial options and navigation challenges faced by underinsured patients in need of a non-emergency procedure. The administrative friction was substantial. Most hospitals have 3 siloed offices for (1) financial assistance, (2) payment plans and discounts, and (3) upfront payment requirements. All relevant offices were unreachable in 3 attempted calls at 18.1% of hospitals. Among hospitals with available information, the majority have financial options for patients: 86.7% of hospitals offer financial assistance and 97.0% of hospitals offer payment plans to underinsured patients for non-emergency care. The length and terms of payments plans varied widely for hospital-administered and third-party financing arrangements. Upfront payments were sometimes required, potentially posing barriers for patients without cash or credit access.