bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse linear array synthesis using artificial neural network and nonconvex optimization
Authors: Li Hanyu , Zhou Haijing , Liao Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe concept of sparse array synthesis has attracted considerable attention due to its potential to reduce hardware costs in array design and enhance the efficiency of array aperture utilization. In contrast to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs), a more efficient encoder–decoding ANN framework is proposed in this letter for designing sparse linear arrays. The decoder is pretrained with a randomly generated training set, enabling its ability to rapidly predictiction of far‐field patterns. This process considers the actual coupling effect among the antenna elements. The output of the encoder is used as the input of the decoder to synthesize the sparse arrays by providing the desired pattern to the encoder. During the training process, a novel ‐norm minimization nonconvex optimization method is integrated into the proposed framework to reduce the number of activated elements. The effectiveness and efficiency of the method are demonstrated through numerical and full‐wave simulations for synthesizing various linear sparse arrays, including large‐scale arrays. In comparison to existing algorithms, our proposed method exhibits superior computational efficiency and predicted accuracy with fewer elements.
Novel FR4‐based low loss reconfigurable filter with four operating modes using movable transmission lines
Authors: Wang Qunliang , Jiang Yanfeng , Wang Yanxiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the letter, a novel reconfigurable filter using movable transmission lines is proposed. The filter is based on substrate‐integrated‐suspended‐line structure with two inner layers, fabricated on low‐cost FR4 substrate. The suspension line and the cavity are completely covered by copper. The suspension line could be freely moved in the air cavity. In the novel structure, the coupled lines have a variable coupling coefficient. With the movements of two transmission lines, the filter has four operating modes and can be tuned, with low insertion loss of less than 0.45 dB, showing promising properties.
Sex‐Specific Survival and Treatment Delay in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kalavacherla Sandhya , Poulhazan Solene , Funk Emily , Sacco Assuntina G. , Guo Theresa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveAs the majority of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is diagnosed in males, outcomes among females are not well‐characterized. We identify sex‐specific factors in OPSCC to refine female prognostication.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingNational Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsOPSCC cases from the 2004 to 2019 NCDB were identified. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics (including timing between diagnosis and treatment administration) were compared between sexes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were constructed to characterize survival in overall and female‐only cohorts. Similar multivariable binomial logistic regression and survival models were constructed to assess odds of treatment delays and their effects on survival, respectively.ResultsA total of 192,973 OPSCC patients were identified; 36,695 (19%) were female. Females had more human papillomavirus (HPV) negative, lower clinical T and N stage, and higher comorbidity disease. Females experienced lower survival in HPV negative (hazard ratio, HR = 1.11, P < .001) but not HPV‐positive disease. Females were more likely to have any treatment initiated over the median of 28 days (odds ratio, OR = 1.04, P = .014) or delays in adjuvant radiotherapy initiation over 6 weeks (OR = 1.11, P = .032). Treatment delay over 60 days (HR = 1.17, P = .016) and delay in adjuvant therapy initiation (HR = 1.24, P = .02) were associated with worse survival among females.ConclusionIn one of the largest analyses of OPSCC, females had poorer survival than males, specifically in HPV‐negative disease, despite presentation with less advanced disease. Notably, delays in any treatment initiation and adjuvant radiotherapy initiation were more likely in HPV‐negative women and associated with worse survival, highlighting potential systemic weaknesses contributing to poor prognosis among females.
Sleep‐related disorders in children: A narrative review
Authors: Cohen Yogev , Reiter Joel , Gileles‐Hillel Alex 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSleep‐related disorders in children can significantly impact children's physical, emotional, and cognitive development and constitute a major source of parental concern. This comprehensive review aims to describe sleep‐related disorders commonly encountered in pediatric practice, their etiology, diagnosis, and management strategies. The review explores various disorders prevalent in different age groups, including insomnia, sleep apnea, parasomnias, and circadian rhythm disorders, highlighting the importance of early identification and intervention for optimal child health and well‐being.
The Effect of Packaging Types on Fresh Peaches in the Direct‐To‐Consumer Environment: Distribution Testing, Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Impact
Authors: Lytle Brennan , Batt Gregory S. , Hurley R. Andrew , Gasic Ksenija 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe direct‐to‐consumer (D2C) shipping mode presents new opportunity for fresh peach sales in North America where demand over the past four decades has steadily declined. The hazards in this distribution mode are severe, and fresh peaches are fragile emphasizing the need for proper protection. A full analysis that not only encompasses the effects of the D2C distribution environment but also incorporates analyses of the environmental and economic impact of the packages utilized for transit of peaches is necessary. In this study, we use the metrics of peach grade, firmness, soluble solids concentration and percent softness before and after the distribution simulation to compare the protective performance of six DTC packaging systems. All six packages consist of a single layer corrugated box with varying primary packaging. A life cycle analysis of each package system is performed as well as an economic analysis on the packaged materials and cost to ship. We conclude that peach damage in shock testing is related to the freedom of movement that peaches have within each package type and varies by package system. All the package types evaluated amplify input vibration in the frequency range commonly associated with the input from the tires of truck‐trailer systems. There are no statistical differences between package systems in the distribution simulation of the six package types except in peach softness and grade of melting flesh peaches. Finally, we found that a reduction in material use and change in format, that is, foam sheets to foam netting, provides for sufficient peach protection while reducing environmental and economic impact.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty under awake veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with class III obesity with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension complicated with multiple serious comorbidities
Authors: Sato Tsukasa , Fukui Shigefumi , Nakano Takao , Hasegawa Kaoru , Kikuta Hisashi , Kameyama Takeyoshi , Shirota Yuko , Endo Tomoyuki , Kawamoto Shunsuke , Kumagai Koji , Izawa Hideo , Komaru Tatsuya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a chronic disease that can rapidly deteriorate into circulatory collapse when complicated by comorbidities. We herein describe a case involving a 43‐year‐old woman with class III obesity (body mass index of 63 kg/m2) and severe CTEPH associated with total occlusion of the left main pulmonary artery who subsequently developed circulatory collapse along with multiple comorbidities, including acute kidney injury, pulmonary tuberculosis, and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. The patient was successfully treated with two sessions of rescue balloon pulmonary angioplasty with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) support under local anesthesia without sedation, at cannulation and during the V‐A ECMO run, to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation. This case suggests the potential usefulness of rescue balloon pulmonary angioplasty under awake V‐A ECMO support for rapidly deteriorating, inoperable CTEPH in a patient with class III obesity complicated with multiple comorbidities.
Parallel Gate Fidelity of Flip‐Flop Qubits in Small 1D‐ and 2D‐Arrays in a Noisy Environment
Authors: De Michielis Marco , Rei Davide , Ferraro Elena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe long coherence time of donor atom nuclear spin states and of its bounded electron in can be exploited to define a qubit. This work is focused on a type of donor‐ and quantum dot‐based qubit, the flip‐flop (FF) qubit, that leverages antiparallel electron‐nuclear spin states of a donor atom controlled by an electric field. It can provide long‐range inter‐qubit interactions in the order of some hundreds of nanometers, thus relaxing the common constraints and tolerances on inter‐qubit distances in donor‐based qubits. Simulation results of linear array (LA) and square array (SA) of four FF qubits are presented to study the effect of noise, idle qubits, and simultaneous gating (parallel gating) on gate fidelity. The impact of noise and qubit mutual coupling for both considered types of array are presented and the obtained fidelity results are compared.
Acid‐Catalyzed Ring Opening Reaction of Cyclopropyl Carbinols with Acetonitrile to Synthesize Amides
Authors: Zhou Kang , Wang Yuling , Fan Fengqi , Yu Hai , Pu Chenguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of amides has been developed by employing acetonitrile as nitrogen source and solvent. The reaction undergoes ring‐opening of cyclopropyl carbinols and in situ formation of homoallylic carbocation, which reacts with acetonitrile to give desired products. The substrate of this reaction is widely applicable and the desired products are obtained in moderate to good yields.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of N3‐Functionalized TZD‐Indole Conjugates as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ravi Subhashini , Gaddamedi Sreevani , Gopal Agrawal Harsha , Soni Ambikesh , Kumar Mishra Ashutosh , Narayan Rath Subha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvestigation pertaining to the design and synthesis of therapeutic drugs against lung cancer remains in high demand, considering the high fatality rate associated with this disease. Herein, a carboxyl and ester functionalization at the N3 position of the TZD (thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione) moiety in an indole‐TZD conjugate was envisaged and evaluated as a potential anticancer drug. Although TIA (thiazoindole acid) did not demonstrate significant effectiveness against the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, the ester analog TIE (thiazoindole ester) showed high cytotoxic potential against the A549 cell line in their monolayer and spheroid form. Further, preliminary mechanistic investigations, such as cell viability studies and nuclear staining, revealed typical apoptotic features, including chromatin condensation, cellular shrinkage, and the formation of horseshoe‐shaped nuclei. In addition, the TIE compound can disrupt the F‐actin protein, thereby decreasing cell migration. Moreover, the cell cycle analysis revealed a notable halt in the G2/M phase. Further docking studies elucidate the interaction between TIE and the (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor) PPAR‐γ receptor. In summary, the findings of our investigation suggest that TIE compounds possess considerable efficacy as an anti‐proliferative agent and hold promise for therapeutic applications in lung cancer treatment.
131I Induced In Vivo Proteolysis by Photoswitchable azoPROTAC Reinforces Internal Radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Huihui , Xiong Hehua , Li Changjun , Xu Mengxia , Yun Yuyang , Ruan Yiling , Tang Lijun , Zhang Tao , Su Dan , Sun Xiaolian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotopharmacology, incorporating photoswitches such as azobenezes into drugs, is an emerging therapeutic method to realize spatiotemporal control of pharmacological activity by light. However, most photoswitchable molecules are triggered by UV light with limited tissue penetration, which greatly restricts the in vivo application. Here, this study proves that 131I can trigger the trans‐cis photoisomerization of a reported azobenezen incorporating PROTACs (azoPROTAC). With the presence of 50 µCi mL−1 131I, the azoPROTAC can effectively down‐regulate BRD4 and c‐Myc levels in 4T1 cells at a similar level as it does under light irradiation (405 nm, 60 mW cm−2). What's more, the degradation of BRD4 can further benefit the 131I‐based radiotherapy. The in vivo experiment proves that intratumoral co‐adminstration of 131I (300 µCi) and azoPROTC (25 mg kg−1) via hydrogel not only successfully induce protein degradation in 4T1 tumor bearing‐mice but also efficiently inhibit tumor growth with enhanced radiotherapeutic effect and anti‐tumor immunological effect. This is the first time that a radioisotope is successfully used as a trigger in photopharmacology in a mouse model. It believes that this study will benefit photopharmacology in deep tissue.
Soft and Damping Thermal Interface Materials with Honeycomb‐Board‐Mimetic Filler Network for Electronic Heat Dissipation
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Liu Yijie , Zhong Shujing , Chen Jie , Li Zhe , Zhang Chongyin , Jiang Pingkai , Huang Xingyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐power‐density electronic devices under vibrations call for soft and damping thermal interface materials (TIMs) for efficient heat dissipation. However, integrating low hardness, high damping, and superior heat transfer capability into one TIM is highly challenging. Herein, soft, damping, and thermally conductive TIMs are designed and prepared by constructing a honeycomb‐board‐mimetic boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) network in a dynamic polyimine via one‐step horizontal centrifugal casting. The unique filler network makes the TIMs perform a high through‐plane thermal conductivity (> 7.69 W m−1 K−1) and a uniform heat transfer process. Meanwhile, the hierarchical dynamic bonding of the polyimine endows the TIMs with low compressive strength (2.16 MPa at 20% strain) and excellent damping performance (tan δ > ≈0.3 at 10−2–102 Hz). The resulting TIMs also exhibit electrical insulation and remarkable recycling ability. Compared with the commercial ones, the TIMs provide better heat dissipation (4.1 °C) for a high‐power 5G base station and less temperature fluctuation (1.8 °C) for an automotive insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) under vibrations. This rational design offers a viable approach to prepare soft and damping TIMs for effective heat dissipation of high‐power‐density electronic devices under vibrations.
Synergetic Exterior and Interfacial Approaches by Colloidal Carbon Quantum Dots for More Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Against UV
Authors: Zhang Dongjiu , Hu Zhelu , Vlaic Sergio , Xin Chenghao , Pons Stéphane , Billot Laurent , Aigouy Lionel , Chen Zhuoying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe achievement of both efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a challenging and actively researched topic. In particular, among different environmental factors, ultraviolet (UV) photons play a pivotal role in contributing to device degradation. In this work, by harvesting simultaneously both the optical and the structural properties of bottom–up‐synthesized colloidal carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a cost‐effective means is provided to circumvent the UV‐induced degradation in PSCs without scarification on their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). By exploring and optimizing the number of CQDs and the different locations/interfaces of the solar cells where CQDs are applied, a synergetic configuration is achieved where the photovoltaic performance drop due to optical loss is completely compensated by the increased perovskite crystallinity due to interfacial modification. As a result, on the optimized configurations where CQDs are applied both on the exterior front side as an optical layer and at the interface between the electron transport layer and the perovskite absorber, unencapsulated PSCs with PCEs >20% are fabricated which can maintain up to ≈94% of their initial PCE after 100 h of degradation in ambient air under continuous UV illumination (5 mW cm−2).
Synthesis of Microscopic 3D Graphene for High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Ultra‐High Areal Capacitance
Authors: Pham Viet Hung , Wang Congjun , Gao Yuan , Weidman Jennifer , Kim Ki‐Joong , Matranga Christopher 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite graphene being considered an ideal supercapacitor electrode material, its use in commercial devices is limited because few methods exist to produce high‐quality graphene at a large scale and low cost. A simple method is reported to synthesize 3D graphene by graphenization of coal tar pitch with a K2CO3 catalyst. This produces 3D graphenes with high specific surface areas up to 2113 m2 g−1 and exceptional crystallinity (Raman ID/IG as low as ≈0.15). The material has an outstanding specific capacitance of 182.6 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1. This occurs at a mass loading of 30 mg cm−2 which is 3 times higher than commercial requirements, yielding an ultra‐high areal capacitance of 5.48 F cm−2. The K2CO3 is recycled and reused over 10 cycles with material quality and electrocapacitive performance of 3D graphene retained and verified after each cycle. The synthesis method and resulting electrocapacitive performance properties create new opportunities for using 3D graphene more broadly in practical supercapacitor devices.
Interfaces Engineering of Ultrafine Ni@Ni2P/C Core–Shell Heterostructure for High Yield Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis
Authors: He Yilei , Wei Yanze , Huang Ruiyi , Xia Tian , Wang Ji , Yu Zijian , Wang Zumin , Yu Ranbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping cost‐effective and sustainable catalysts with exceptional activity and selectivity is essential for the practical implementation of on‐site H2O2 electrosynthesis, yet it remains a formidable challenge. Metal phosphide core–shell heterostructures anchored in carbon nanosheets (denoted as Ni@Ni2P/C NSs) are designed and synthesized via carbonization and phosphidation of the 2D Ni‐BDC precursor. This core–shell nanostructure provides more accessible active sites and enhanced durability, while the 2D carbon nanosheet substrate prevents heterostructure aggregation and facilitates mass transfer. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the Ni/Ni2P heterostructure‐induced optimization of geometric and electronic structures enables the favored adsorption of OOH* intermediate. All these features endow the Ni@Ni2P/C NSs with remarkable performance in 2e ORR for H2O2 synthesis, achieving a top yield rate of 95.6 mg L−1 h−1 with both selectivity and Faradaic efficiency exceeding 90% under a wide range of applied potentials. Furthermore, when utilized as the anode of an assembled gas diffusion electrode (GDE) device, the Ni@Ni2P/C NSs achieve in situ H2O2 production with excellent long‐term durability (>32 h). Evidently, this work provides a unique insight into the origin of 2e ORR and proposes optimization of H2O2 production through nano‐interface manipulation.
Autonomous Synthesis of Thin Film Materials with Pulsed Laser Deposition Enabled by In Situ Spectroscopy and Automation
Authors: Harris Sumner B. , Biswas Arpan , Yun Seok Joon , Roccapriore Kevin M. , Rouleau Christopher M. , Puretzky Alexander A. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Geohegan David B. , Xiao Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutonomous systems that combine synthesis, characterization, and artificial intelligence can greatly accelerate the discovery and optimization of materials, however platforms for growth of macroscale thin films by physical vapor deposition techniques have lagged far behind others. Here this study demonstrates autonomous synthesis by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), a highly versatile synthesis technique, in the growth of ultrathin WSe2 films. By combing the automation of PLD synthesis and in situ diagnostic feedback with a high‐throughput methodology, this study demonstrates a workflow and platform which uses Gaussian process regression and Bayesian optimization to autonomously identify growth regimes for WSe2 films based on Raman spectral criteria by efficiently sampling 0.25% of the chosen 4D parameter space. With throughputs at least 10x faster than traditional PLD workflows, this platform and workflow enables the accelerated discovery and autonomous optimization of the vast number of materials that can be synthesized by PLD.
Cellulose Nanofibrils of High Immunoaffinity for Efficient Enrichment of Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Wang Zesheng , Dai Jun , He Huimin , Si Tongxu , Ng Kaki , Zheng Shuang , Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhihang , Yuan Huijun , Yang Mengsu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs), crucial in facilitating the transport of diverse molecular cargoes for intercellular communication, have shown great potential in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery. The challenge of developing effective preparation methods for EVs is heightened by their intrinsic heterogeneity and complexity. Here, a novel strategy for high EV enrichment is developed by utilizing EV‐affinitive‐modified cellulose nanofibrils. Specifically, modified cellulose with rich carboxyl groups has outstanding dispersing properties, able to be dispersed into cellulose nanofibrils in solution. These cellulose nanofibrils are utilized as scaffolds for the immobilization of EV‐affinitive antibody of CD63 by chemical conjugation. The CD63‐modified nanofibrils demonstrate a superior EV capture efficiency of 86.4% compared with other reported methods. The high performance of this system is further validated by the efficient capture of EVs from biological blood plasma, allowing the detection of bioactive markers from EV‐derived miRNAs and proteins. The authors envision that these modified cellulose nanofibrils of enhanced capability on EV enrichment will open new avenues in various biomedical applications.