bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile free space optic nodes in single‐input multiple‐output setup under transmitter misalignment
Authors: Moradi Hassan , Refai Hazem H. , LoPresti Peter G. , Atiquzzaman Mohammed 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWireless optical nodes with mobility capabilities (mobile free space optics [FSO]) have emerged as a way to overcome limitations inherent in FSO links, for example, transmitter–receiver restrictive alignment requirement. This paper proposes the use of an angular diversity model for characterizing the performance of mobile FSO over atmospheric turbulence, and transmitter–receiver misalignment switch‐and‐examine combining technique is suggested for a diversity combining under unbalanced multireceiving configuration. A laser beam is modeled as spatial Gaussian profile, and channel fading is modeled as a lognormal distribution with spatially uncorrelated samples. Analytical and statistical discussion on the resultant output is presented, and bit error performance and processing load are numerically evaluated and compared with those obtained using selection combining diversity schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reasoning about orchestrations of web services using partial correctness
Authors: Stewart Alan , Gabarro Joaquim , Keenan Anthony 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

A service is a remote computational facility which is made available for general use by means of a wide-area network. Several types of service arise in practice: stateless services, shared state services and services with states which are customised for individual users. A service-based orchestration is a multi-threaded computation which invokes remote services in order to deliver results back to a user (publication). In this paper a means of specifying services and reasoning about the correctness of orchestrations over
stateless
services is presented. As web services are potentially unreliable the termination of even finite orchestrations cannot be guaranteed. For this reason a partial-correctness powerdomain approach is proposed to capture the semantics of recursive orchestrations.
Bile acid‐CoA ligase deficiency—a new inborn error of bile acid metabolism
Authors: Chong Catherine P. K. , Mills Philippa B. , McClean Patricia , Gissen Paul , Bruce Christopher , Stahlschmidt Jens , Knisely A. S. , Clayton Peter T. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBorn at 27 weeks gestation, a child of consanguineous parents of Pakistani origin required prolonged parenteral nutrition. She developed jaundice, with extensive fibrosis and architectural distortion at liver biopsy; jaundice resolved with supportive care. Serum γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase values were within normal ranges. The bile acids in her plasma and urine were >85% unconjugated (non‐amidated). Two genes encoding bile‐acid amidation enzymes were sequenced. No mutations were found in BAAT, encoding bile acid‐CoA : aminoacid N‐acyl transferase. The patient was homozygous for the missense mutation c.1012C > T in SLC27A5, predicted to alter a highly conserved amino‐acid residue (p.H338Y) in bile acid‐CoA ligase (BACL). She also was homozygous for the missense mutation c.1772A > G in ABCB11, predicted to alter a highly conserved amino‐acid residue (p.N591S) in bile salt export pump (BSEP). BACL is essential for reconjugation of bile acids deconjugated by gut bacteria, and BSEP is essential for hepatocyte‐canaliculus export of conjugated bile acids. A female sibling born at term had the same bile‐acid phenotype and SLC27A5 genotype, without clinical liver disease. She was heterozygous for the c.1772A > G ABCB11 mutation. This is the first report of a mutation in SLC27A5. The amidation defect may have contributed to cholestatic liver disease in the setting of prematurity, parenteral nutrition, and homozygosity for an ABCB11 mutation.
Instability wave models for the near-field fluctuations of turbulent jets
Authors: Gudmundsson K. , Colonius Tim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrevious work has shown that aspects of the evolution of large-scale structures, particularly in forced and transitional mixing layers and jets, can be described by linear and nonlinear stability theories. However, questions persist as to the choice of the basic (steady) flow field to perturb, and the extent to which disturbances in natural (unforced), initially turbulent jets may be modelled with the theory. For unforced jets, identification is made difficult by the lack of a phase reference that would permit a portion of the signal associated with the instability wave to be isolated from other, uncorrelated fluctuations. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which pressure and velocity fluctuations in subsonic, turbulent round jets can be described aslinearperturbations to the mean flow field. The disturbances are expanded about the experimentally measured jet mean flow field, and evolved using linear parabolized stability equations (PSE) that account, in an approximate way, for the weakly non-parallel jet mean flow field. We utilize data from an extensive microphone array that measures pressure fluctuations just outside the jet shear layer to show that, up to an unknown initial disturbance spectrum, the phase, wavelength, and amplitude envelope of convecting wavepackets agree well with PSE solutions at frequencies and azimuthal wavenumbers that can be accurately measured with the array. We next apply the proper orthogonal decomposition to near-field velocity fluctuations measured with particle image velocimetry, and show that the structure of the most energetic modes is also similar to eigenfunctions from the linear theory. Importantly, the amplitudes of the modes inferred from the velocity fluctuations are in reasonable agreement with those identified from the microphone array. The results therefore suggest that, to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the evolution of the largest-scale structures that comprise the most energetic portion of the turbulent spectrum of natural jets, nonlinear effects need only be indirectly accounted for by considering perturbations to the mean turbulent flow field, while neglecting any non-zero frequency disturbance interactions.
Sexual maturation and aging of adult male mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Mendel Z. , Protasov A. , Jasrotia P. , Silva E.B. , Zada A. , Franco J.C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe physiological age of adult males of seven mealybug species was measured in relation to the elongation of the male pair of the waxy caudal filaments. These filaments begin to emerge after eclosion and reached their maximum length from 29.4–46.6 h. The studied males were divided into three age groups, expressed as percentages of the total waxy caudal filaments length. Attraction to a sex pheromone source was significantly higher in the oldest male group (maximum filaments growth) compared with youngest one. Only the oldest male group copulated successfully; few of the younger males tested displayed 'courtship' behavior towards conspecific virgin females. The calculated duration of the sexually active phase of the adult male life cycle varied among species ranging from 34.4 to 46.6 h. There were marked variations in the strength of attraction to a pheromone source according to time of day. There was a continuous decrease in sexual activity from morning to evening. Our findings reveal clear maturation periods for adult males of the seven studied species. The long immature phase of the adult male mealybug is probably also related to several physiological processes that are needed to complete male maturation. The most noticeable change is the elongation of the waxy caudal filaments. However, mating may be performed at any time ambient conditions are suitable. Whereas male mealybug flight towards a pheromone source is restricted to a few hours, the male may continue mating activity throughout its sexually active period.
Electron tomography of cells
Authors: Gan Lu , Jensen Grant J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe electron microscope has contributed deep insights into biological structure since its invention nearly 80 years ago. Advances in instrumentation and methodology in recent decades have now enabled electron tomography to become the highest resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique available for unique objects such as cells. Cells can be imaged either plastic-embedded or frozen-hydrated. Then the series of projection images are aligned and back-projected to generate a 3D reconstruction or ‘tomogram’. Here, we review how electron tomography has begun to reveal the molecular organization of cells and how the existing and upcoming technologies promise even greater insights into structural cell biology.
II.—Excavations on the site of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants, in 1901
Authors: Hope W. H. St. John , Reid Clement 
Published: November 2011

I have the honour of submitting to the Society, on behalf of the Executive Committee of the Silchester Excavation Fund, a full report of the discoveries made during the year 1901. This is also the record of the continued exploration of the site for the twelfth year in succession.Work for the season was begun on 10th May by Mr. Mill Stephenson, who directed operations throughout until their conclusion on 13th November, with the exception of five weeks in July and August, when Mr. Herbert Jones was in charge. A deep debt of gratitude is due to these gentlemen for the time and trouble they have so freely bestowed upon the work.
V.—Records of the Manor of Durrington, Wilts
Authors: Kirby T.F. 
Published: November 2011

The village of Durrington is situate on the right bank of the river Avon, about three miles north of Amesbury; the village of Bulford, where the military camp is, being on the other side of the river.There are two manors in the parish, which contains only 2,702 acres, the east end manor and the west end manor. It is to the east end manor that I am about to refer. In the thirteenth century it belonged to a family of the name of Nevill. I exhibit the counterpart of a grant of the manor by Hervey de Nevill to the nuns of Amesbury for the term of three years in consideration of forty marks down and twenty more in expectancy.
X. —Notes on some probable traces of Roman Fulling in Britain.
Authors: Fox George E. 
Published: November 2011

In the words of a well-known German archæologist, the work of the ancient fuller ivas twofold, to make ready for use the cloth fresh from the loom and to cleanse garments that had been worn.How the handicraft here briefly described may have been carried on in Britain during the Roman period it will be the endeavour of the following notes to show. In order to render clearer the purpose to which the various remains were put, which will be examined presently, it will be necessary by way of illustration to refer shortly to such examples of Roman workshops as are still existing, of whose uses as fulleries there can be no doubt. These examples can best be seen in the ruins of Pompeii, and the principal establishment of the kind in that city, with its tanks and paintings, will illustrate in a fairly complete manner the subject in hand.
EcoSono: Adventures in interactive ecoacoustics in the world
Authors: Burtner Matthew 
Published: November 2011

I only went out for a walk, and finally concluded to stay out till sundown, for going out, I found, was really going in.John Muir (1913)This article describes several recent projects that together illustrate an evolving practice and a philosophy of ecoacoustic sound art called EcoSono. These projects foregroundadventure– the live, in-person engagement with the world. As a technological sound art practice, EcoSono uses technology to link human and environmental expression, in an attempt to define a collaborative and symbiotic relationship between humans and the natural world. At the core of this work are computational and transduction technologies enabling deeper human–environment interaction. This paper describes three projects including the MICE (Mobile Interactive Computer Ensemble) World Tour, the EcoSono Institute music/science collaboration adventure, and theAgents Against Agencyseries in emergent and improvised musical forms. The article also addresses several key values of interactive ecoacoustics. First, it describes the importance of ‘impracticality’ in creating a productive environmentalist art work. The article also makes the case that the purpose of outdoor recording is not the acquisition of material samples, but to hear the world and learn from it.
Everyday Sounds Revealed: Acoustic communication and environmental recordings
Authors: Uimonen Heikki 
Published: November 2011

Environmental sounds give information to individuals who have learned to interpret them as members of their acoustic communities. Those living within a soundscape not only receive the acoustic information passively, but also construct their surroundings by their activities.A lot of acoustic information escapes our conscious attention partly for perceptual psychological reasons, partly because of the amount of acoustic information. A method called sound/listening walk has been applied to enhance these everyday meanings connected to sounds and to emphasise the cultural and historical layers related to them.The article introduces earlier research and methodology on the subject, applies the recording of acoustic environments to sound/listening walks and then proposes a preliminary method called recorded listening walk for acoustic communication research and soundscape education. The article draws theoretically on acoustic communication and acoustemology.
Madden‐Julian Oscillation in a climate model with a well‐resolved stratosphere
Authors: Weare Bryan C. , Cagnazzo Chiara , Fogli Pier Giuseppe , Manzini Elisa , Navarra Antonio 
Published: November 2011

This work evaluates how well a coupled ocean‐atmospheric climate model with a well‐resolved stratosphere captures the observed Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) signal in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The model is the Centro Euro‐Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) coupled modeling system (CMCC‐CMS) with 95 atmospheric levels. CMCC‐CMS produces MJO composites of precipitation that are very similar to those of the observations and the ERA‐40 reanalysis product. Furthermore, model precipitation is found to propagate eastward near the observed speed. There is also strong agreement in the tropics and subtropics in the temperature and flows at 100 and 200 hPa upon comparing the composites based on the full 340 years of model output and those for the past 20 years of the model output with those of the ERA‐40 reanalysis. At the 100 hPa level the temperature anomalies in the model output and reanalysis propagate eastward at about 7 m s–1 at the equator, 25°N and 65°N. Longitude and height cross sections at 25°N suggest vertically propagating Rossby waves up to near the 10 hPa level in both the model and observations. Latitude and height cross sections of temperature and zonal and meridional winds indicate strong vertical propagation in the tropics in both the model and reanalysis. Overall, the CMCC‐CMS model shows MJO characteristics in the tropical and subtropical troposphere and lower stratosphere that are in very good agreement with observed analyses.
High levels of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin are associated with inhibition of testicular function
Authors: Adam M. , Urbanski H. F. , Garyfallou V. T. , Welsch U. , Köhn F. M. , Ullrich Schwarzer J. , Strauss L. , Poutanen M. , Mayerhofer A. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryDecorin (DCN), a component of the extracellular matrix of the peritubular wall and the interstitial areas of the human testis, can interact with growth factor (GF) signalling, thereby blocking downstream actions of GFs. In the present study the expression and regulation of DCN using both human testes and two experimental animal models, namely the rhesus monkey and mouse, were examined. DCN protein was present in peritubular and interstitial areas of adult human and monkey testes, while it was almost undetectable in adult wild type mice. Interestingly, the levels and sites of testicular DCN expression in the monkeys were inversely correlated with testicular maturation markers. A strong DCN expression associated with the abundant connective tissue of the interstitial areas in the postnatal through pre‐pubertal phases was observed. In adult and old monkeys the DCN pattern was similar to the one in normal human testes, presenting strong expression at the peritubular region. In the testes of both infertile men and in a mouse model of inflammation associated infertility (aromatase‐overexpressing transgenic mice), the fibrotic changes and increased numbers of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐producing immune cells were shown to be associated with increased production of DCN. Furthermore, studies with human testicular peritubular cells isolated from fibrotic testis indicated that TNF‐α significantly increased DCN production. The data, thus, show that an increased DCN level is associated with impaired testicular function, supporting our hypothesis that DCN interferes with paracrine signalling of the testis in health and disease.
Under which conditions does ICT have a positive effect on teaching and learning? A Call to Action
Authors: Voogt J. , Knezek G. , Cox M. , Knezek D. , ten Brummelhuis A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract‘Under which conditions does ICT have a positive effect on teaching and learning?’ This was the leading question of the International EDUsummIT in The Hague, the Netherlands. The bases for the discussion were the scholarly findings of the International Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education, a synthesis of research in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) in education. Seventy international policymakers, researchers, and practitioners developed a Call to Action, which summarizes the main action points where policy, research, and leadership need to join forces in order to successfully implement ICT in educational practice. These main action points include a view on the role of ICT in 21st century learning; conditions for realizing the potential of multiple technologies to address individual needs of students; better understanding of the relationship between formal and informal learning; the implications of technology for student assessment; the need for models for leadership and teacher learning to successfully implement technology; the potential of ICT for digital equity; and the development of a list of essential conditions to ensure benefit from ICT investments. In this contribution, we present the Call to Action and synthesize the research on which the Call is based.
Interaction in asynchronous discussion forums: peer facilitation techniques
Authors: Ng C.S.L. , Cheung W.S. , Hew K.F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPeer facilitation is proposed as a solution to counter limited interaction in asynchronous online discussions. However, there is a lack of empirical research on online peer facilitation. This study identifies, through cross‐case comparison of two graduate‐level blended courses attended by Asian Pacific students, the actual peer facilitation techniques that could encourage online interaction. Analyses of interviews and online discussion transcripts suggest that techniques such as ‘showing appreciation’ and ‘considering others' viewpoints’ encourage online interaction. However, instructors intending to incorporate peer‐facilitated online discussions should also consider the influence of factors such as the design of the online discussion activity and learners' cultural background as some participants could consider challenging others' ideas culturally inappropriate and need to be encouraged through techniques such as ‘general invitation to contribute’. Facilitators might also re‐consider the use of certain traditionally recommended strategies such as directing an online message at specific participants to encourage responses. This study suggests that doing so could sometimes backfire and discourage online contributions.
Subthreshold bipolarity: diagnostic issues and challenges
Authors: Nusslock Robin , Frank Ellen 
Published: November 2011

Nusslock R, Frank E. Subthreshold bipolarity: diagnostic issues and challenges. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 587–603. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background:  Research suggests that current diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders may fail to include milder, but clinically significant, bipolar syndromes and that a substantial percentage of these conditions are diagnosed, by default, as unipolar major depression. Accordingly, a number of researchers have argued for the upcoming 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) to better account for subsyndromal hypomanic presentations.Methods:  The present paper is a critical review of research on subthreshold bipolarity, and an assessment of some of the challenges that researchers and clinicians might face if the DSM‐5 were designed to systematically document subsyndromal hypomanic presentations.Results:  Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) who display subsyndromal hypomanic features, not concurrent with a major depressive episode, have a more severe course compared to individuals with MDD and no hypomanic features, and more closely resemble individuals with bipolar disorder on a number of clinical validators.Conclusion:  There are clinical and scientific reasons for systematically documenting subsyndromal hypomanic presentations in the assessment and diagnosis of mood disorders. However, these benefits are balanced with important challenges, including (i) the difficulty in reliably identifying subsyndromal hypomanic presentations, (ii) operationalizing subthreshold bipolarity, (iii) differentiating subthreshold bipolarity from borderline personality disorder, (iv) the risk of over‐diagnosing bipolar spectrum disorders, and (v) uncertainties about optimal interventions for subthreshold bipolarity.