bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization of APMCF1 and its biological significance of expression pattern in normal and malignant human tissues
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Li Qinlong , Zhu Feng , Cui Jihong , Li Kainan , Li Qing , Wang Ruian , Wang Wenyong , Wang Weihua , Yan Wei 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
APMCF1 is a novel human gene first cloned from apoptotic MCF-7 cells. Our previous study found ectogenic APMCF1 could induce G1 arrest in hepatocarcinoma cell line HHCC. In order to search its broad expression profile for further understanding of its mechanism in tumor, we investigated a subcellular location of APMCF1 and performed an immunohistochemistry study including various tumor and normal tissues. Discovery from the expression characterization of AMPCF1 may have applicability in the analysis of its biological function in tumor.

Methods
We investigated subcellular localization of APMCF1 by transient transfection in green monkey kidney epithelial cells (COS-7) with a fusion protein vector pEGFP-APMCF1 and detected expression profile in a broad range of normal and malignant human tissues via tissue microarray (TMA) by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibody first produced in our laboratory.

Results
EGFP-APMCF1 was generally localized in the cytoplasm of COS-7 cell. Positive staining of APMCF1 was found in liver, lung, breast, colon, stomach, esophagus and testis, exhibited a ubiquitous expression pattern while its expression was up-regulated in tumor tissues compared with corresponding normal tissues. Normal brain neuron cells also showed expression of APMCF1, but negative in gliocyte cells and glioma. Both the normal and tumor tissues of ovary were absent of APMCF1 expression. Positive immunostaining for APMCF1 with large samples in liver, colon, esophagus, lung and breast carcinomas were 96% (51/53), 80% (44/55), 57% (30/53), 58% (33/57) and 34% (16/47) respectively.

Conclusion
These results revealed a cytoplastic expression pattern of APMCF1 and up-regulated in tumour tissues suggesting APMCF1 may have potential relationship with oncogenesis. The data presented should serve as a useful reference for further studies of APMCF1 functions in tumorigenesis and might provide a potential anti-tumor target.
Type I interferon receptor controls B-cell expression of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus
Authors: Thibault Donna L , Graham Kareem L , Lee Lowen Y , Balboni Imelda , Hertzog Paul J , Utz Paul J 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of high-titer IgG autoantibodies directed against nuclear autoantigens. Type I interferon (IFN-I) has been shown to play a pathogenic role in this disease. In the current study, we characterized the role of the IFNAR2 chain of the type I IFN (IFN-I) receptor in the targeting of nucleic acid-associated autoantigens and in B-cell expression of the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR7 and TLR9, in the pristane model of lupus.

Methods
Wild-type (WT) and IFNAR2-/- mice were treated with pristane and monitored for proteinuria on a monthly basis. Autoantibody production was determined by autoantigen microarrays and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoprecipitation. Serum immunoglobulin isotype levels, as well as B-cell cytokine production in vitro, were quantified by ELISA. B-cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation assay.

Results
Autoantigen microarray profiling revealed that pristane-treated IFNAR2-/- mice lacked autoantibodies directed against components of the RNA-associated autoantigen complexes Smith antigen/ribonucleoprotein (Sm/RNP) and ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (RiboP). The level of IgG anti-single-stranded DNA and anti-histone autoantibodies in pristane-treated IFNAR2-/- mice was decreased compared to pristane-treated WT mice. TLR7 expression and activation by a TLR7 agonist were dramatically reduced in B cells from IFNAR2-/- mice. IFNAR2-/- B cells failed to upregulate TLR7 as well as TLR9 expression in response to IFN-I, and effector responses to TLR7 and TLR9 agonists were significantly decreased as compared to B cells from WT mice following treatment with IFN-α.

Conclusions
Our studies provide a critical link between the IFN-I pathway and the regulation of TLR-specific B-cell responses in a murine model of SLE.
Implementation of a delirium assessment tool in the ICU can influence haloperidol use
Authors: van den Boogaard Mark , Pickkers Peter , van der Hoeven Hans , Roodbol Gabriel , van Achterberg Theo , Schoonhoven Lisette 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
In critically ill patients, delirium is a serious and frequent disorder that is associated with a prolonged intensive care and hospital stay and an increased morbidity and mortality. Without the use of a delirium screening instrument, delirium is often missed by ICU nurses and physicians. The effects of implementation of a screening method on haloperidol use is not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the confusion assessment method-ICU (CAM-ICU) and the effect of its use on frequency and duration of haloperidol use.

Methods
We used a tailored implementation strategy focused on potential barriers. We measured CAM-ICU compliance, interrater reliability, and delirium knowledge, and compared the haloperidol use, as a proxy for delirium incidence, before and after the implementation of the CAM-ICU.

Results
Compliance and delirium knowledge increased from 77% to 92% and from 6.2 to 7.4, respectively (both, P < 0.0001). The interrater reliability increased from 0.78 to 0.89. More patients were treated with haloperidol (9.9% to 14.8%, P < 0.001), however with a lower dose (18 to 6 mg, P = 0.01) and for a shorter time period (5 [IQR:2–9] to 3 [IQR:1–5] days, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
With a tailored implementation strategy, a delirium assessment tool was successfully introduced in the ICU with the main goals achieved within four months. Early detection of delirium in critically ill patients increases the number of patients that receive treatment with haloperidol, however with a lower dose and for a shorter time period.
Comparison of two non-bronchoscopic methods for evaluating inflammation in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
Authors: Colucci Giuseppe , Domenighetti Guido , Della Bruna Roberto , Bonilla Josè , Limoni Costanzo , Matthay Michael A , Martin Thomas R 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Introduction
The simple bedside method for sampling undiluted distal pulmonary edema fluid through a normal suction catheter (s-Cath) has been experimentally and clinically validated. However, there are no data comparing non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (mini-BAL) and s-Cath for assessing lung inflammation in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure. We designed a prospective study in two groups of patients, those with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and those with acute cardiogenic lung edema (ACLE), designed to investigate the clinical feasibility of these techniques and to evaluate inflammation in both groups using undiluted sampling obtained by s-Cath. To test the interchangeability of the two methods in the same patient for studying the inflammation response, we further compared mini-BAL and s-Cath for agreement of protein concentration and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).

Methods
Mini-BAL and s-Cath sampling was assessed in 30 mechanically ventilated patients, 21 with ALI/ARDS and 9 with ACLE. To analyse agreement between the two sampling techniques, we considered only simultaneously collected mini-BAL and s-Cath paired samples. The protein concentration and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) count comparisons were performed using undiluted sampling. Bland-Altman plots were used for assessing the mean bias and the limits of agreement between the two sampling techniques; comparison between groups was performed by using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney-U test; continuous variables were compared by using the Student t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, analysis of variance or Student-Newman-Keuls test; and categorical variables were compared by using chi-square analysis or Fisher exact test.

Results
Using protein content and PMN percentage as parameters, we identified substantial variations between the two sampling techniques. When the protein concentration in the lung was high, the s-Cath was a more sensitive method; by contrast, as inflammation increased, both methods provided similar estimates of neutrophil percentages in the lung. The patients with ACLE showed an increased PMN count, suggesting that hydrostatic lung edema can be associated with a concomitant inflammatory process.

Conclusions
There are significant differences between the s-Cath and mini-BAL sampling techniques, indicating that these procedures cannot be used interchangeably for studying the lung inflammatory response in patients with acute hypoxaemic lung injury.
Different Impact of Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1 on Survival in Male and Female Patients With Inoperable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Carboplatin and Gemcitabine
Authors: Holm Bente , Mellemgaard Anders , Skov Torsten , Skov Birgit Guldhammer 
Published: August 2009

Purpose The excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) status was assessed in patients receiving carboplatin and gemcitabine for inoperable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the association between the ERCC1 status and the overall survival after the chemotherapy. Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified 163 patients with inoperable NSCLC and sufficient tumor tissue for ERCC1 analysis, who had received carboplatin and gemcitabine as first-line treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of ERCC1. Results One hundred sixty-three patients were included. Seventy (42%) were ERCC1 positive. Patients treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine and having ERCC1-negative tumors had a significantly increased survival when compared to patients with ERCC1-positive tumors (median survival, 12.0 months v 8.2 months; P = .02). This difference was mainly seen in men, where those with ERCC1-negative tumors had a significantly increased survival compared to men with ERCC1-positive tumors (median survival, 11.8 months v 7.9 months; P = .005). Conversely, women who were ERCC1 negative did not have a survival advantage over ERCC1-positive women. Conclusion We confirmed previous reports that ERCC1 expression is predictive for outcome in patients treated with carboplatin and gemcitabine. Patients with ERCC1-negative tumors had an increased survival compared to patients with ERCC1-positive tumors and this difference was mainly attributable to a survival difference among men.
Quality-Adjusted Time Without Symptoms or Toxicity Analysis of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group JBR.10 Trial
Authors: Jang Raymond W. , Le Maître Aurélie , Ding Keyue , Winton Tim , Bezjak Andrea , Seymour Lesley , Shepherd Frances A. , Leighl Natasha B. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group JBR.10 demonstrated that adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin after resection of stage IB-II non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improved relapse-free and overall survival. However, many patients either are not referred for chemotherapy or decline treatment. To aid in treatment decision making, quality-adjusted survival estimates of the JBR.10 trial were derived using a quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q-TWiST) analysis. Methods Survival curves for treatment (N = 242) and observation groups (N = 240) were partitioned into three health states: time with ≥ grade 2 (early or late) chemotherapy-related toxicity (TOX), time in relapse (REL), and time without toxicity or relapse (TWiST). Q-TWiST = uTOX × TOX + uTWiST × TWIST + uREL × REL, where weights uTOX, uTWIST, and uREL range from 0 to 1. Threshold utility analysis was performed to test the sensitivity of the results to changes in the weights. Weights were derived in an exploratory fashion using different methods. Methods included use of arbitrary values, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) quality-of-life data prospectively collected in JBR.10 (global assessment questions and symptom-based questions), and lastly weights European Quality of Life–Five Dimensions questionnaire collected from early-stage NSCLC (nontrial) patients after resection with discounting for toxicity and relapse. The α level was .05. Results Threshold utility analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy was preferred for all possible weight values for relapse and toxicity (uREL, uTOX), although the result was not always statistically significant. The adjuvant chemotherapy group had better Q-TWiST in the range of 5 to 6 additional months, which was statistically significant using all methods. Conclusion Adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage NSCLC improves quality-adjusted survival despite chemotherapy toxicity.
Validation of Lysyl Oxidase As a Prognostic Marker for Metastasis and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 90-03
Authors: Le Quynh-Thu , Harris Jonathan , Magliocco Anthony M. , Kong Christina S. , Diaz Roman , Shin Brian , Cao Hongbin , Trotti Andy , Erler Janine T. , Chung Christine H. , Dicker Adam , Pajak Thomas F. , Giaccia Amato J. , Ang K. Kian 
Published: August 2009

PurposeTo validate lysyl oxidase (LOX), a hypoxia-related protein, as a marker for metastasis in an independent head and neck cancer (HNC) patient group enrolled onto a prospective trial.Patients and MethodsWe performed traditional immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) for LOX expression in 66 HNC patients from one institution. We also performed AQUA staining for LOX in 306 of 1,113 patients treated on a phase III trial comparing four radiation fractionation schedules in locally advanced HNC (RTOG 90-03). Pretreatment characteristics and outcome were similar between patients with and without LOX assessment. We correlated AQUA LOX expression with time to metastasis (TTM), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS).ResultsLOX expression from both staining methods predicted for TTM in the first 66 patients. Multivariate analysis, controlling for significant parameters including nodal stage and performance status, revealed tumor LOX expression, as a continuous variable, was an independent predictor for TTM (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.33; P = .0001), TTP (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10; P = .0069), and OS (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07; P = .0311) in RTOG 90-03 patients. This translates into a 259% increase in metastatic risk for a patient at the 75th percentile of LOX compared with one at the 25th percentile.ConclusionAQUA LOX expression was strongly associated with increased metastasis, progression, and death in RTOG 90-03 patients. This study validates that LOX is a marker for metastasis and survival in HNC.
A more realistic approach to speciation using the IUPAC Stability Constants Database
Authors: Pettit Leslie , Pettit Gwyneth 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The IUPAC Stability Constants Database (SC-Database), designed to contain all significant published constants, provides the most complete and accessible route to stability constants in the literature. Collection of new constants is becoming less significant since most are now measured to confirm a mechanism or to identify bonding centers, not to provide data for general use. As a result, constants are often measured less rigorously and are of lower accuracy. What are required now are critical evaluations of existing data, coupled with accurate study of a number of important and superficially simpler systems (e.g., complexes with some inorganic ligands). Calculation of species distribution curves is a major use of stability constants. Ways of reflecting possible errors in the calculated curves are now required. Historically, curves have been drawn as sharp lines, but these could only result from using the exact stability constants with an accurate model for the system. Two techniques for demonstrating the effect of errors are outlined. Constants are dependent on ionic strength and temperature changes. Specific ion interaction theory (SIT) is the most general method of compensating for ionic strength changes up to about 5 molal. Software to correct constants for ionic strength changes, prepared under recent IUPAC projects, is described.
Solubility and related properties in hydrometallurgy
Authors: Königsberger Erich , Hefter Glenn , May Peter M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Thermodynamically consistent models based on accurately measured data are required for reliable predictions of equilibria and thermodynamic properties for a wide variety of multicomponent, multiphase systems and reactions relevant to hydrometallurgy. Recent developments in our laboratory concerning the measurement and modeling of physicochemical properties of electrolyte solutions over wide ranges of conditions are reviewed. Particular emphasis is on applications to the refining of alumina via the Bayer process, in which various solubility phenomena involving solid, aqueous, and gaseous phases are of critical importance to product yield and purity as well as to economical and environmental sustainability. Appropriately designed models and software allow these aspects to be tackled by thermodynamic process simulations of alumina refinery circuits.
A Lamentation for Shrimp Paste
Authors: yu su-mei 
Published: August 2009

While visiting Thailand, my desire to bring home the best shrimp paste led me to an elderly seller and to a young man who made the paste. Shrimp paste is a necessary binder used in innumerable seasoning pastes in Thai cooking, and these two people's connection to shrimp paste had, in fact, become a crucial binder in their own lives. For the elderly seller, shrimp paste kept her linked with her family after her marriage. It helped her earn an income independent of her abusive wealthy husband. The shrimp paste maker married and thereby found a profession that he loves. Eventually, he became the sole maker of this ancient paste in his wife's family, carrying on their 150-year-old tradition.
Once made with care and pride only by families, today shrimp paste is mass-produced in factories. The change affects not only the quality and taste of Thai cooking, but also food-related tradition and culture. The elderly seller's livelihood is waning, and the young man who is the elderly seller's source, is now the last of a long line of makers of this ancient ingredient.
Chronologic Changes in Neonatal EEG Findings in Periventricular Leukomalacia
Authors: Kidokoro Hiroyuki , Okumura Akihisa , Hayakawa Fumio , Kato Toru , Maruyama Koichi , Kubota Tetsuo , Suzuki Motomasa , Natsume Jun , Watanabe Kazuyoshi , Kojima Seiji 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to clarify chronologic changes in neonatal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
METHODS: We obtained serial EEG findings for all premature infants who were admitted to our hospital at gestational age of ≤33 weeks between 1997 and 2006. EEG recordings were obtained on days 1 to 4, 5 to 14, 15 to 28, 29 to 56, and 57 to 84. Abnormal EEG findings were classified as acute-stage abnormalities (ASAs) or chronic-stage abnormalities (CSAs) and were subclassified as mild, moderate, or severe. PVL was classified as noncystic, localized cystic, or extensive cystic. The final diagnosis of PVL was made through neurologic assessment and MRI findings at 24 months.
RESULTS: Fifty-five infants were diagnosed as having PVL, including 23 with noncystic PVL, 9 with localized cystic PVL, and 23 with extensive cystic PVL. ASAs were observed most frequently on days 1 to 4 and were observed rarely thereafter in all groups. CSAs were observed most frequently on days 5 to 14, were most severe on days 5 to 14, and then resolved within 1 to 2 months in all groups. CSAs in patients with extensive cystic PVL were more severe and persisted longer, compared with other groups. ASA and CSA severity was correlated with PVL severity.
CONCLUSIONS: EEG findings in PVL differed according to the severity of PVL and the time of recording. To detect PVL, ≥2 EEG recordings are recommended, 1 within 48 hours after birth, to detect ASAs, and 1 in the second week of life, to detect CSAs.
Informing Parents About Expanded Newborn Screening: Influences on Provider Involvement
Authors: Hayeems Robin Z. , Miller Fiona A. , Little Julian , Carroll June C. , Allanson Judith , Chakraborty Pranesh , Wilson Brenda J. , Bytautas Jessica P. , Christensen Robert J. 
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVE: Expanded newborn screening (NBS) identifies some disorders for which clinical benefit is uncertain, as well as “incidental” findings (eg, carrier status), thus enhancing the need to inform parents about NBS before sample collection.METHODS: A self-complete survey was sent to a cross-sectional, stratified, random sample of 5 provider groups in Ontario (obstetricians, midwives, family physicians, pediatricians, and nurses). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the effects of core beliefs, perceived barriers, and demographic characteristics on the reported frequency of informing parents about NBS before sample collection.RESULTS: Virtually all of the midwives and almost half of the nurses reported discussing NBS with parents, whereas less than one sixth of the physicians did so. Providers who perceived a responsibility to inform parents were 3 times more likely to report doing so than those who did not perceive this responsibility (odds ratio: 2.9 [95% confidence interval: 2.1–4.1]). Those who lacked confidence to inform parents were 70% less likely to discuss NBS with parents compared with those who did not experience this cognitive barrier (odds ratio: 0.3 [95% confidence interval: 0.2–0.4]). Controlling for these covariates, family physicians and obstetricians were more likely than pediatricians to inform parents.CONCLUSIONS: These results provide guidance for capacity building among providers who are positioned to inform parents about NBS before sample collection. Our findings call for targeted educational interventions that consider patterns of provider practice related to prenatal and NBS care, seek to redress confidence limitations, and engage key provider groups in the importance of this professional responsibility.