bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories
Authors: McCord David M. , Veltri Carlo O. C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) family of assessment instruments now includes six versions in its history, which dates back formally to 1943. Current versions are the MMPI-3 (2020) for adults and the MMPI-A-RF (2016) for adolescents. These are multiscale instruments that are standardized, normed self-report questionnaires with a true–false response format. Earlier versions of the MMPI were developed to assess traditional syndromes or “disorders”; current versions have been restructured to align with emerging hierarchical–dimensional models of psychological dysfunction, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology. The MMPI instruments are widely used in both inpatient and outpatient clinical settings as well as many specialized settings, including medical and forensic applications (e.g., child custody evaluations, presurgical evaluations, and police candidate evaluations). This chapter offers a brief description of MMPI history and the previous versions of the test, with more detailed description of the two current versions.
EMDR Therapy for Depression
Authors: Dominguez Sarah K. , Lee C. W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Depression is a pervasive global disorder. Many individuals with depression either fail to respond positively to current evidence-based interventions or relapse in the years after treatment has ceased. The last decade has seen an increase in randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of EMDR therapy on people with depression. Meta-analyses of these studies suggest that there is evidence emerging to support using EMDR therapy as a treatment for depression when compared to inactive controls, such as a waitlist, and also active controls, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. This chapter begins with a theoretical analysis of why EMDR can assist individuals suffering from depression. An outline of the evidence regarding EMDR therapy and depression is then provided, followed by a description of the key clinical factors to assess in depression and how to use EMDR to target key etiological experiences. Finally a case study is given to demonstrate how this intervention may be delivered when working with this population. Future studies to improve the current evidence base are recommended.
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms for Human Emotional Attachments
Authors: Habecker Heather , Flinn Mark V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Family relationships are a key component of human sociality. Here we integrate information from genetics and neuroendocrinology with cross-cultural analyses of family behavior and evolutionary logic. Hormonal and neural mechanisms provide clues to the evolution of the emotional and cognitive systems that influence human family psychology. Evolved changes in affiliative neuropeptide (oxytocin, arginine vasopressin) and associated neurobiological mechanisms primarily in the medial frontal lobe, the ventral forebrain, the ventral basal ganglia, and the hypothalamus enable attachment and bonding emotions that underpin the extended kin relationships characteristic of humans. These adaptive changes in family and kinship psychology are critical for the development of other major aspects of human sociality, including inter-group cooperation and cumulative culture. The extended family facilitates tolerance and connections among groups. Bilateral, multigenerational, and affinal kinship links are critical. The emotional systems that underpin this unique human pattern of kinship networks are key to understanding how human intelligence, culture, and sociality coevolved.
Caring and the Evolution of Guilt
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mammals are confronted with a number of life tasks to support their survival and reproduction. A core reproductive task is care of offspring. This requires competencies for detecting offspring needs, distress protecting from harm. Later evolved motives to care and support allies and in-group members. Guilt evolved with caring motives and alerts to the possibility of causing harm or not preventing it (for example by not meeting needs). It triggers urgent action if harm could or has occurred. Guilt can therefore arise when one has caused unintended harm or allowed harm to occur that one could have prevented. It is very different to shame. The chapter also discusses how some forms of antisocial behavior are associated with diminished care and compassion motives and an absence of guilt. Here the therapeutic task is to facilitate care and compassion motives and hence capacities to experience the remorse and sadness of guilt.
The Origins of Boredom
Authors: Lin Yijun , Westgate Erin C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that boredom provides an evolutionary solution to minimizing prediction error by incentivizing learning. While reducing prediction error is crucial for cognitive processes, the potential solution of isolating oneself in extremely predictable environments raises the “Dark Room Problem.” Boredom evolved to prevent this problem, making it affectively undesirable by signaling a lack of successful attentional engagement in a valued goal-congruent activity. This aversive state motivates individuals to re-engage in meaningful activities and reallocate attentional resources. The chapter reviews behavioral science and computational modeling evidence supporting boredom’s role in maximizing learning and reducing prediction error. Additionally, the authors propose that boredom's functions extend beyond modern humans to various species, presenting evidence of boredom-like states in nonhuman animals (e.g., stereotyped behavior). This chapter emphasizes the adaptive value of boredom, addressing its origins and prevalence across human and nonhuman contexts, and discusses the relationship between boredom and technology in modern society.
The Evolutionary Functions of Sadness
Authors: P. Forgas Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
What is the point of sadness? The adaptive benefits of other negative emotions such as anger, disgust, and fear have long been recognized, yet the evolutionary functions of sadness remain poorly understood, even though many practicing psychologists deal with sadness and depression. This chapter offers an evolutionary explanation for the adaptive benefits of sadness, as an important signal that influences our thinking and judgments. Extensive experimental research now suggests that induced sadness can promote improved functioning on various cognitive and social tasks, including memory performance, judgments, inferences, the detection of deception, social perception, interpersonal communication, and strategic communication and interactions. These results support theoretical models that predict that negative affect promotes a more accommodative, vigilant, and externally focused thinking strategy. The relevance of these findings for affect-cognition theories will be discussed, and the practical implications of this research for improving social thinking and performance in applied fields will be considered.
The Motivational Architecture of Emotions
Authors: Del Giudice Marco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Evolutionary research on emotion is increasingly converging on the idea that emotions can be understood as superordinate coordination mechanisms. Despite its plausibility and heuristic power, the coordination approach fails to explicitly address the relations between emotions and motivation. This chapter aims to fill this conceptual gap. The author argues that the current view of emotions as coordination mechanisms should be extended—and partially revised—to include motivational systems as an additional control layer, responsible for the activation and deactivation of specific emotions in the pursuit of domain-specific goals. The extended coordination approach proposed in this chapter facilitates the analysis of folk emotion categories; helps clarify the distinction between emotions and moods; suggests new ways to think about emotion regulation; and provides a more natural interface to model the link between emotions and personality.
The Recalibrational Theory
Authors: Sell Aaron , Sznycer Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter uses the adaptationist program to predict and explain the major features of anger. According to this approach, anger evolved by natural selection to bargain for better treatment. Thus, the major triggers of anger (e.g., cost impositions, cues of disrespect) all indicate an increased willingness (on the part of the offender) to impose costs on the angry individual. Once triggered, the anger system bargains using the two primary incentives: the imposition of costs and the denial of benefits. This simple functional sketch of anger is then supplemented with additional considerations needed to address the resultant selection pressures created by bargaining. This process offers functionally sound and theoretically justified explanations for the following: anger in aggressive and cooperative contexts, the role of apologies and their sincerity, the content of sex-specific insults, the computational structure of “intentionality” in the context of anger, and the origin of the implicit rules of combat.
Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Z. Czarna Anna , Wróbel Monika , F. Folger Logan , Holtzman Nicholas S. , Daley Jennifer R. , D. Foster Joshua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the construct of narcissism, reviews its evolutionary origins, and explores its relationship with emotions. Narcissism is presented as a personality trait with grandiose and vulnerable expressions, as well as a personality disorder characterized by extreme levels of narcissism combined with impairment. Some discussion surrounds whether grandiose and vulnerable expressions of narcissism should be conceptualized as distinct, stable traits versus oscillating narcissistic states. Evolutionary topics include the heritability of narcissism, the genetic foundations of narcissism, evolutionarily grounded strategies, including mating and survival strategies, that may have facilitated sexual and natural selection of narcissistic traits, as well as critiques of existing theory in this literature. The emotion section focuses on the emotional experiences of narcissists, paying particular attention to how these experiences contrast, depending on whether narcissism is more grandiose or vulnerable. Attempts are made throughout the chapter to identify connections between the conceptual, evolutionary, and emotion literatures.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Psychopathy
Authors: Zeigler-Hill Virgil , R. Young Gracynn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Psychopathy refers to a constellation of personality traits that includes a willingness to deceive or manipulate others, impulsiveness, and a lack of empathy and guilt. Further, psychopathy is characterized by the tendency to violate basic social norms by engaging in behaviors that are selfish, aggressive, and harmful to others. There has been considerable debate in the literature concerning whether psychopathy represents a form of psychopathology or if it is better conceptualized as part of an alternative life-history strategy that is evolutionarily adaptive. The purpose of this chapter is to review the evidence and arguments regarding both of these perspectives, and to attempt to integrate these perspectives whenever it is possible to do so. The chapter will conclude with suggestions for future research that may help to resolve this debate.
The Evolved Nature of Pride
Authors: L. Tracy Jessica , Mercadante Eric , Witkower Zachary 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A large body of research suggests that the self-conscious emotion of pride is a universal and evolved part of human nature, which functions to help individuals navigate their social hierarchies, motivating them to engage in behaviors that allow them to attain and maintain social rank, and communicating to others which group members are deserving of rank attainment and should be targets of social learning. Studies also suggest that there are two distinct facets of pride: authentic and hubristic, associated with distinct forms of self-favorability—self-esteem and narcissism, respectively. Furthermore, each pride facet may function to facilitate the attainment of a distinct form of social rank—prestige or dominance—both of which are viable and likely evolved pathways to rank, power, and social influence.
To Wear, or Not to Wear
Authors: LaTosky Shauna , de Robert Pascale 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the labret-wearing practices of two very different peoples, the Mebêngôkre (Brazil) and Mun (Ethiopia). It emphasizes how lip plates are made, worn, valued, and evaluated at a normative level, considering how the Mun and Mebêngôkre understand these practices, how their views clash with those of outsiders, and how the symbolic significance and the ancient practice of labret-wearing are changing. Drawing on interviews conducted in Southern Ethiopia and Central Brazil, and a literature review, it provides an insightful examination of the traditional and evolving modern practice. Freedom, speech, beauty, and strength are recurring themes when the Mebêngôkre and Mun discuss their labrets in connection with contemporary issues of gender (labrets are worn only by men in Mebêngôkre and by women in Mun), identity (the forms and materials of labrets mark belonging), and as an enduring part of their cultural heritage.
Amuletic Tattooing among Central and Eastern Inuit Tribes from an Inuit Perspective
Authors: Sialuk Jacobsen Maya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an introduction to a research methodology of evaluating Inuit immaterial and material culture focusing on Inuttut Kakiuineq, the tattooing practice of central and eastern Inuit tribes, and aspects surrounding the practice in both precolonial religion and daily life. This effort is grounded in the perspective of a member of the culture with long experience as a tattoo artist, who, after a decade as a Western commercial tattooer, shifted in 2010 to pre-electric tattooing tools as a traditional practitioner of Inuttut Kakiuineq. The research draws on this cultural anchorage and language, as well as on academic literature, ethnography, anthropological descriptions, and archaeological objects, to focus on Inuit tribes who use a specific form of tattooing that uses amuletic, hunting-related patterns. Through pattern collection and analysis and demographic genealogy, the chapter interrogates the original purpose and language surrounding Inuttut Kakiuineq. It highlights the amuletic purpose of Inuit tattooing from the eastern half of Inuit Nunaat—the Inuit lands—by introducing patterns and their connection to the all-encompassing hunting of wildlife for food and materials that ensured survival in the coldest and harshest environment in the world.
Nlaka’pamux Skin Markings (British Columbia, Canada)
Authors: Kaszas Dion 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The skin markings of the Nlaka’pamux people (also known as Thompson River Salish) from British Columbia, Canada, are an ancestral embodied knowledge system conveying information about lineage, skills, aspirations, life story, and status. This chapter is written by a member of the Nlaka’pamux, who, as a professional tattooer and independent scholar, is engaged in reviving, maintaining, and updating this body language. The wearing of ancestral marks is seen as an assertion of rights, responsibilities, and relationship to the earth and all that is. Because it roots the revitalization effort in the prayers, ceremonies, and suffering of the ancestors, the current tattooing practice is seen as an authentic way to adhere to Nlaka’pamux Indigenous scholarship and beliefs. This is a powerful declaration of continued existence, resilience, pride, and struggle that goes beyond scholarly studies and stands as a necessary, unfiltered testimony to the vital spirit of body modification as a whole.
Shaping the Landscape, Preserving the Knowledge
Authors: Montanari Bernadette 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Terraces stand out of the landscape in mountain environments throughout the world. Built over centuries, agricultural terraces have evolved to accommodate human needs, including food security for millions living in a subsistence economy and in changing climatic conditions. Much research on terraces has been conducted, scrutinizing the factors pertaining to soil properties for implementing various conservation and management programs, the value of intercrop planting, the cultural maintenance of terrace structures, and social cohesion that sustains the effective functioning and conservation of terraces, as well as the factors that contribute to terrace abandonment. However, fewer studies have looked at the role of terraces as a vector for the retention of traditional ecological knowledge. This chapter illustrates how traditional ecological knowledge shapes and maintains the terraced landscape in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. It describes the traditional skills employed for the management of terraces and water, the cultivated crops that sustain the communities, and other activities like the collection of medicinal plants during gardening activities, which facilitates and maintains the traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and its transmission to younger generations. It also argues that not only terraces are important to maintain the livelihood of local communities, but in addition, they contribute to the retention of traditional ecological knowledge.
Narrative Realism and Television
Authors: Jacobson Lisa W. , Kitzinger Chloë 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter links nineteenth-century serial novels like Fedor Dostoevskii’s Crime and Punishment (1866) to twenty-first-century television serials like David Simon’s The Wire (2002–2008) and Donald Glover’s Atlanta (2016–2022). In each of these examples, the chapter authors focus on the collaborative tension between realism and melodrama, as tools for both revealing and resisting the structural dynamics of a given historical moment. Where Simon continues in Dostoevskii’s tradition—using serial narrative to make a claim about the true inner nature of reality and the social, spiritual, and political forces that threaten to mask it—Glover destabilizes and shifts this realist project. By highlighting the surreal aspects of the everyday experience of Black Americans, Atlanta interrogates the boundaries of a stable, shared reality in the post-2016 era. Taken together, these three texts thus contribute to a corrective (and evolving) notion of plurality: realisms and modes of reality alike.
Capitalist Realism and the Arabic Novel
Authors: Alraddadi Raya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of realism in Arabic literature by exploring the relationship between literary aesthetics and politics. It emphasizes the persistence of the realist form and challenges the view that realism is inadequate or bound to a specific period in Arabic literature. It presents two focuses, theoretical and literary. The former seeks to develop a broader critical perspective to address the impact of global power on Arabic realist fiction through addressing the relationship between the literary form and sociopolitical upheavals in the Arab world. It also examines the aesthetic shift after the military defeat in the 1967 Six-Day War, challenging the perceived narrative of the dissolution of realism into modernism. Subsequently, the latter focus examines two Arabic novels by prominent authors who responded to the defeat in 1967 by reasserting realism as the best-suited tool to address social transformation, political oppression, and global capitalism.
Caribbean Diasporic Marvelous Realism
Authors: Alonso Alonso María 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the “marvelous realism” found in contemporary Caribbean literature written in English by diasporic authors. It applies postcolonial theory to selected novels by writers including David Chariandy, Nalo Hopkinson, Cyril Dabydeen, and Kei Miller. These works accentuate how authors of Caribbean origin normalize the more fantastic elements of their cultures by utilizing influences and imagery while resident in Western lands. The Caribbean diaspora encompasses an amalgam of geographic, historical, social, and cultural issues, which showcase the impact of transterritorialization and hybridity in contemporary literature. The featured novels illustrate this evolution from “magical” to “marvelous” realism in first- and second-generation Caribbean diasporic writing. These novels contemplate the myths and legends that have emanated from their respective authors’ cultures of origin and highlight the social, political, and cultural ramifications of their westernized depictions of the supernatural.
Beyond the Dichotomy of Secular and Religious
Authors: Zengin Arslan Berna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the early development of Turkish secularism and the political ideology of Kemalism, with a discussion of the establishment and significance of the Diyanet. The chapter challenges the “exceptionalism” of Turkish secularism and the argument that Kemalism “instrumentalized” Islam to control the Muslim majority. Moving away from the secular versus religious dichotomy, or the oppression versus liberation of Islam paradigm, the chapter explains the advancement of Kemalism as integral to Islamic culture in Turkey. It argues Kemalism was a productive discourse that constructed not only secular citizens and institutions, but also modern Islam and its subjects in Turkey. Kemalism sought to form a modern Islam—as rational, moderate, and individualized—that is compatible with the values of secularism and modernity. The chapter also argues that Kemalism was a situated discourse that evolved in relation to the historical trajectories of Islam and secularism in the Ottoman Empire and elsewhere.
Estimating Social Influence Using Machine Learning and Digital Trace Data
Authors: Arvidsson Martin , Keuschnigg Marc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The digital and computational revolutions have improved the prospects for analyzing the dynamics of large groups of interacting individuals. Digital trace data provide the type of large-scale, time-stamped, and granular information on social interactions that is needed to feasibly conduct research on social influence in non-experimental settings and to distinguish social influence effects from the confounding effects of homophily. This chapter reviews three concrete ways in which machine learning can improve the estimation of social influence effects from observational digital trace data. These computational approaches (a) make high-dimensional information about individuals accessible for analysis, (b) infer latent confounders from the structure of large-scale social networks, and (c) facilitate large-scale annotation of measures that can serve as instruments for causal identification.