bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Early Surgical Outcome in Repaired Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Part 1. Nasal Changes
Authors: Ayoub Ashraf , Garrahy Ann , Millett Declan , Bowman Adrian , Siebert J.P. , Miller James , Ray Arup 
Published: September 2010

Objective To evaluate three-dimensional nasal morphology following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate relative to contemporaneous noncleft data. Design Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow University. Patients and Participants Two groups of 3-year-old children (21 with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 96 controls) with facial images taken using a three-dimensional, vision-based capture technique. Method Three-dimensional images of the face were reflected so the cleft was on the left side to create a homogeneous group for statistical analysis. Three-dimensional coordinates of anthropometric landmarks were extracted from facial images by a single operator. A set of linear measurements was used to compare cleft and control subjects on right and left sides, adjusting for sex differences. Results The mean nasal base width and the width of the nostril floor on right and left sides differed significantly between control and unilateral cleft lip and palate groups. The measurements were greater in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The differences in the mean nasal height and mean nasal projection between the groups were not statistically significant. Mean columellar lengths were different between the left and right sides in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Conclusions There were significant nasal deformities following the surgical repair of unilateral cleft lip and palate.
Prevention of Retinoic Acid-Induced Early Craniofacial Abnormalities by Vitamin B12 in Mice
Authors: Zhang Zhaofeng , Wang Junbo , Dai Xiaoqian , Ding Ye , Li Yong 
Published: September 2010

Objective The purpose of the present study was to identify the potential effect of prenatal vitamin B12 administration on retinoic acid (RA)-induced early craniofacial abnormalities in mice and to investigate the possible mechanisms by which vitamin B12 reduces malformations. Design In our study, whole embryo culture was used to explore the effect of vitamin B12 on mouse embryos during the critical period of organogenesis. All embryos were exposed to 0.4 μM RA and different concentrations of vitamin B12 and scored for their growth in the branchial region at the end of a 48-hour culture period. The endothelin-1 (ET-1)/dHAND protein expression levels in the first branchial arch were investigated using an immunohistochemical method. Results In the whole embryo culture, 100 and 10 μM vitamin B12 dose-dependently prevented branchial region malformations and decreased craniofacial defects by 90.5% and 77.3%, respectively. ET-1 and dHAND protein levels were significantly increased in vitamin B12-supplemented embryos compared to the RA-exposed group in embryonic branchial region. Conclusions These results suggest that vitamin B12 may prevent RA-induced craniofacial abnormalities via prevention of an RA-induced decrease of ET-1 and dHAND protein levels in the branchial region during the organogenic period. This study may shed new light on preventing craniofacial abnormalities.
Videofluoroscopic and Nasendoscopic Correlates of Speech in Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Lipira Angelo B. , Grames Lynn Marty , Molter David , Govier Daniel , Kane Alex A. , Woo Albert S. 
Published: September 2010

Objective To compare videonasendoscopy, lateral videofluoroscopy, and perceptual speech examination in the assessment of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Design Retrospective observational. Setting Multidisciplinary cleft palate team at a tertiary academic institution. Patients, Participants Patients who had undergone videonasendoscopy and lateral videofluoroscopy for suspected velopharyngeal dysfunction at our center were evaluated. Inclusion required that videonasendoscopy, lateral videofluoroscopy, and the perceptual speech exam were performed on the same day. A total of 88 patients were analyzed. Main outcome Measure(s) Primary outcome measures included percent closure on videonasendoscopy, percent closure on lateral videofluoroscopy, and quantitative scores for hypernasal resonance, nasal emission, and facial grimace. Additional outcome measures included linear and angular anatomic measurements obtained from lateral videofluoroscopy. Results Moderately strong correlation was found between closure estimates of videonasendoscopy and lateral videofluoroscopy (ρ = .583; p < .001). Lateral videofluoroscopy estimates of closure averaged 11.7% higher than videonasendoscopy. Closure correlated moderately with overall speech severity (ρ = .304; p = .005); whereas, a stronger correlation was seen with hypernasal resonance (ρ = –.479; p < .001). Patients exhibiting grimace had worse closure than those without (79.1% versus 70.7%; ρ = .035). Movement angle of the velum and change in genu angle correlated significantly with closure function (ρ = –.304; p = .034 and ρ = –.395; p < .001, respectively). Conclusions Videonasendoscopy and lateral videofluoroscopy closure estimates correlated moderately. Lateral videofluoroscopy tended to give smaller gap estimates. Hypernasal resonance and facial grimace are useful clinical indicators of large gap size. Velar movement angle and change in genu angle were identified as anatomical correlates of closure function.
Nasopharyngeal Airway for Management of Airway Obstruction in Infants with Micrognathia
Authors: Parhizkar Nooshin , Saltzman Babette , Grote Kellyn , Starr Jacqueline , Cunningham Michael , Perkins Jonathan , Sie Kathleen 
Published: September 2010

Objective Describe airway management using nasopharyngeal airway in infants. Design Retrospective case series (1996 to 2006). Setting Tertiary pediatric hospital. Patients, Participants The craniofacial database of Seattle Children's Hospital was searched to identify patients with one of the following diagnoses: micrognathia, secondary cleft palate, branchial arch anomalies, Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), or velocardiofacial syndrome. Thirty-five (10.9%) of the 320 infants born between January 1, 1996, and March 31, 2006, identified using the criteria listed above were managed with nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) during infancy. Interventions Use of NPA. Main Outcome Measure Summary statistics describing the distribution of the infants' demographic characteristics, duration, and timing of their NPA placement, need for tracheotomy, feeding interventions, and death. Results Of the 35 patients included in this case series, 60% (21) were male. Eighteen (51.4%) patients had the diagnosis of PRS, 13 (37.1%) had secondary cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies, and four (11.4%) had branchial anomalies and micrognathia (nonsyndromic or syndromic). Thirty-one children (88.6%) were born at term. Mean and median age at initial NPA placement was 3.2 and 1.3 weeks, respectively; median duration of NPA was 8.0 weeks. Nine children received tracheotomies. Feeding tubes were required in 85.7% of patients. Two children died; however, neither death was attributed to airway obstruction or the use of NPA. Conclusions NPA is one option in the management of patients with craniofacial anomalies and airway obstruction. The majority of nonsyndromic PRS patients treated with NPA during infancy did not require airway intervention beyond NPA.
3D Assessment of Lip Scarring and Residual Dysmorphology following Surgical Repair of Cleft Lip and Palate: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ayoub Ashraf , Bell Aileen , Simmons David , Bowman Adrian , Brown Denise , Lo Tsz-Wai , Xiao Yijun 
Published: September 2010

Objective To evaluate lip scarring and the three-dimensional (3D) lip morphology following primary reconstruction in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) relative to contemporaneous noncleft data. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, U.K. Patients and participants Three groups of 10-year-old children: 51 with UCLP, 43 UCL (unilateral cleft lip), and 68 controls. Methods Three-dimensional images of the face were recorded using stereo cameras on a two-pod capture station, and 3D coordinates of anthropometric landmarks were extracted from the facial images. A novel method was applied to quantify residual scarring and the associated lip dysmorphologies. The relationships among outcome measures were investigated. Results Residual lip dysmorphologies were more pronounced in UCLP cases. The width of the Cupid's bow was increased due to lateral displacement of the Christa philteri left (cphL) in both UCL and UCLP patients. In the upper part of the lip, the nostril base was significantly wider in UCLP cases when compared with UCL cases and controls. Scar redness was more pronounced in UCL than in UCLP cases. No relationship could be identified between lip scarring and other measurements of lip dysmorphology. Conclusions Stereophotogrammetry, together with associated image analysis, allow early detection of residual dysmorphology following cleft repair.
Use of thermal logs to characterize the circulation of fluids: the case of hydrothermal circulations in the Maurienne Valley (Western Alps)
Authors: Menard Gilles , Monin Nathalie , Paillet André 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Over the last 15 years, several dozen deep boreholes (depths in excess of 500 m) have been drilled in the Maurienne Valley as part of the survey work for the new Lyons-Turin rail link. A number of parameters have been logged in these boreholes as a matter of routine, including data on fluids, such as temperature, electrical conductivity and vertical flow velocity. Because several logging campaigns have been carried out in each borehole, it has generally been possible to separate disturbances caused by the drilling (creation of links between water-bearing fractures, establishment of transitory thermal regimes, drilling-related heating, etc.) from the natural initial thermal state. Consequently, most natural thermal state descriptions are based on reconstructions, rather than on raw data. In many cases, in particular in the Houillère Briançonnaise Zone, this natural thermal state is governed by the circulation of hot and cold fluids. We suggest that these two types of circulation actually form a single circuit, in which cold waters infiltrating in the north-south trending Evaporite Zone and in the carbonates of the Sub-Briançonnais Zone flush deep waters so that they rise preferentially along the axis of the valley in the east-west trending Houillère Zone.
Focal mechanism data and leveling comparisons show that the front of the Houillère Zone (including the evaporites and the Sub-Briançonnais carbonates), which controls infiltration into the system, is currently subject to WNW-ESE extension. The rising hot waters are controlled by the valley, which is an extensional structure perpendicular to the Houillère Zone. This interpretation is in line with the increased heat flow towards the axis of the valley, and with the occurrence of rising thermal waters further down the valley, for example at Echaillon and Les Chavannes. The interaction between these two extensional systems, which has been observed at least on a regional scale, gives a highly dynamic character to the current deformation, as is shown by the new a-seismic tectonic regime that has affected the region since 1995. Given this dynamic character, it is unlikely that a hydraulic-thermal regime has existed undisturbed for more than 15,000 years.
The example described in the present article shows how the repeated logging of thermal data in boreholes over a period of time can help delineate deep circulations. Combined with detailed information about the current deformation regime, this logging data allows a detailed picture of circulation patterns to be drawn.
Rubber Dam Use During Routine Operative Dentistry Procedures: Findings FromThe Dental PBRN
Authors: Gilbert G. H. , Litaker M. S. , Pihlstrom D. J. , Amundson C. W. , Gordan V. V. ,   for The DPBRN Collaborative Group
Published: September 2010

Clinical RelevanceA routine aspect of procedures involving the placement of dental restorations is whether or not a rubber dam is used. This study documents the use of a rubber dam by dentists in non-academic routine clinical practice, finding that its use is low and significantly associated with certain dentist, restoration and patient characteristics.
Degree of Conversion of Luting Resins Around Ceramic Inlays in Natural Deep Cavities: A Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Lohbauer U. , Pelka M. , Belli R. , Schmitt J. , Mocker E. , Jandt K. D. , Müller F. A. 
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance
Contrary to previous evidence, the degrees of conversion of resin luting materials have been shown to reach statistically similar values in three different depths around ceramic inlays luted to natural cavities. Both dual-cure and light-cure materials have presented conversion homogeneity, although they have been shown to be material-dependent.
Microtensile Bond Strength of One- and Two-step Self-etching Adhesives on Sclerotic Dentin: The Effects of Thermocycling
Authors: Xie C. , Han Y. , Zhao X. Y. , Wang Z. Y. , He H. M. 
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance
When compared with a two-step self-etching adhesive, the microtensile bond strength of a one-step self-etch adhesive bonding to both normal and sclerotic dentin was more affected by thermocycling.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically-treated Teeth: Effect of Combination Bleaching and an Antioxidant
Authors: Khoroushi M. , Feiz A. , Khodamoradi R. 
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance
The fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth decreases after combination bleaching. The use of sodium ascorbate as an antioxidizing agent reverses decreased fracture resistance. In addition, it decreases the treatment period and the risk of catastrophic crown fractures.
A spectral estimate for the Dirac operator on Riemannian flows
Authors: Ginoux Nicolas , Habib Georges 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We give a new upper bound for the smallest eigenvalues of the Dirac operator on a Riemannian flow carrying transversal Killing spinors. We derive an estimate on both Sasakian and 3-dimensional manifolds, and partially classify those satisfying the limiting case. Finally, we compare our estimate with a lower bound in terms of a natural tensor depending on the eigenspinor.
Reduction of Vibrations of Pedestrian Bridges Using Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD)
Authors: Fiebig Wiesław 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The reduction of structural vibrations on the example of two pedestrian bridges (in Poznań and Wrocław) with using of tuned mass dampers (TMD) has been presented in the paper. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of pedestrian bridge vibrations has been described and discussed. Basing on the results of calculations and measurements, tuned mass dampers (TMD) has been designed and mounted in the structure of the bridges. The measurements after the assembly of TMD show a high efficiency of vibration damping.
Coagulation factor levels in neurosurgical patients with mild prolongation of prothrombin time: effect on plasma transfusion therapy
Authors: Matevosyan Karén , Madden Christopher , Barnett Samuel L. , Beshay Joseph E. , Rutherford Cynthia , Sarode Ravindra 
Published: September 2010

Object
Neurosurgical patients often have mildly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR). In the absence of liver disease this mild prolongation appears to be due to the use of very sensitive PT reagents. Therefore, the authors performed relevant coagulation factor assays to assess coagulopathy in such patients. They also compared plasma transfusion practices in their hospital before and after the study.

Methods
The authors tested 30 plasma specimens from 25 patients with an INR of 1.3–1.7 for coagulation factors II, VII, and VIII. They also evaluated plasma orders during the 5-month study period and compared them with similar poststudy periods following changes in plasma transfusion guidelines based on the study results.

Results
At the time of plasma orders the median INR was 1.35 (range 1.3–1.7, normal reference range 0.9–1.2) with a corresponding median PT of 13.6 seconds (range 12.8–17.6 seconds). All partial thromboplastin times were normal (median 29.0 seconds, range 19.3–33.7 seconds). The median factor VII level was 57% (range 25%–124%), whereas the hemostatic levels recommended for major surgery are 15%–25%. Factors II and VIII levels were also within the hemostatic range (median 72% and 118%, respectively). Based on these scientific data, plasma transfusion guidelines were modified and resulted in a 75%–85% reduction in plasma orders for mildly prolonged INR over the next 2 years.

Conclusions
Neurosurgical patients with a mild prolongation of INR (up to 1.7) have hemostatically normal levels of important coagulation factors, and the authors recommend that plasma not be transfused to simply correct this abnormal laboratory value.
Defining the “edge of the envelope”: patient selection in treating complex sellar-based neoplasms via transsphenoidal versus open craniotomy
Authors: Zada Gabriel , Du Rose , Laws Edward R. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Endonasal approaches have become the gold standard intervention for many anterior and middle skull base tumors. The authors aimed to define some of the existing limitations of these approaches by reviewing their experience with complex sellar region tumors that were initially considered for both transsphenoidal and open skull base approaches and were thus deemed tumors at “the edge of the envelope.”

Methods
Between April 2008 and April 2010, 250 transsphenoidal operations were performed at Brigham and Women's Hospital. All cases were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with complex sellar region tumors that were initially considered for, or soon thereafter required, an open craniotomy as the definitive treatment. The anatomical tumor characteristics that posed limitations to performing safe and effective endonasal skull base operations were reviewed.

Results
Thirteen cases exemplifying some of the existing limitations to achieving optimal surgical outcomes via transsphenoidal-based approaches are presented. The following 8 factors are separately discussed that repeatedly limited the extent of resection, increased the risk of the operation, and contributed to perioperative complications: significant suprasellar extension, lateral extension, retrosellar extension, brain invasion with edema, firm tumor consistency, involvement or vasospasm of the arteries of the circle of Willis, and encasement of the optic apparatus or invasion of the optic foramina.

Conclusions
Although the ability to approach and resect complex tumors using endonasal skull base techniques has evolved dramatically in recent years, several inherent tumor characteristics mandate extensive preoperative consideration. In selected cases these characteristics may lend support to selecting an open craniotomy as the initial operation.
Initial Effects of Prescribed Burning and Understory Fertilization on Browse Production in Closed-Canopy Hardwood Stands
Authors: Shaw Christopher E. , Harper Craig A. , Black Michael W. , Houston Allan E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Forage production for white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus is often limited in closed-canopy forests. We measured browse production and nutritional carrying capacity after prescribed burning and understory fertilization in closed-canopy hardwood stands one growing season after treatment in two physiographic regions of Tennessee. Nutritional carrying capacity estimates for prescribed burning, fertilization, and prescribed burning with fertilization were greater than in controls on the Cumberland Plateau. However, the cost per pound of forage produced after fertilization exceeded US$26. In the Coastal Plain, fertilization did not affect nutritional carrying capacity, and prescribed burning and prescribed burning with fertilization lowered nutritional carrying capacity from controls. At both sites, prescribed fire had minimal effect on soil pH or soil phosphate and potash levels. Our results suggest prescribed fire and fertilization are of limited utility for increasing browse production in closed-canopy hardwood forests.
Prosocial/hostile roles and emotion comprehension in preschoolers
Authors: Belacchi Carmen , Farina Eleonora 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBullying occurs at approximately the same rate in kindergarten as in elementary school, but few studies inquired into preschool years [Alsaker and Nägele, 2008; Stassen Berger, 2007]. This study aimed at: (1) verifying the presence in preschoolers of two additional participant roles (Consoler and Mediator), besides the six traditional roles detected by Salmivalli et al. [1996], grouped in four latent macroroles, by means of teacher report version of the Eight Participant Roles Questionnaire (PRQ) [Belacchi, 2008]; (2) linking prosocial and hostile behaviors to age and gender; and (3) investigating the relationship between roles and emotion understanding. Two hundred and nineteen children (54% boys; aged 3–6 years: mean age 4;10) were administered the Italian version of the Test of Emotion Comprehension [Albanese and Molina, 2008]; 20 teachers (2 for each class) filled in the questionnaire, attributing frequency scores on 24 items (3 for each role) to each pupil. A confirmatory analysis supported the fit of the hetero‐report version of the Eight PRQ, revealing four macroroles: Hostile Roles (Bully, Reinforcer and Assistant), Prosocial Roles (Defender, Consoler, and Mediator), Victim, and Outsider. Satisfactory interteachers agreement not only confirms the macroroles hypothized, but also their expected distribution for gender and age. Moreover, the Prosocial roles presented a significant positive correlation with all subdimensions of emotion comprehension (External, Mental, and Reflective). The Victim and Outsider roles negatively correlated only with the External subdimension. The implications of these results for prevention and intervention purposes are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 36:371–389, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Maraviroc (UK‐427,857)
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Lin Shuangzheng , Korotvička Aleš , Deiana Luca , Kullberg Martin , Córdova Armando 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of Maraviroc (UK‐427,857), a chemochine receptor 5 (CCR‐5) receptor antagonist, based on an expeditious organocatalytic enantioselective assembly of the chiral β‐amino aldehyde key fragment is presented. The reactions were performed on a gram‐scale and allow for the rapid construction of new Maraviroc analogues.