bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Mitra Subrata K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The book shows Home’s special expertise in governance by stealth—generating maximum order with the use of minimum force—as the common answer to the puzzles of its institutional longevity and adaptability. It details the contribution of the ministry to state formation and nation-building in India. Power-sharing by Indian leaders under colonial rule and Indianization of the higher civil services made it possible for the post-independence Indian government, manned by Indian leaders and civil servants who had already started working together under colonial rule, to draw on the colonial legacy and enrich it with post-colonial innovations. Mandated to the Ministry of Home Affairs, orderly rule through governance by stealth has remained a continuous process despite major changes in the context. As new facts have emerged, new innovations have been made and fresh insights have been added to existing knowledge. Besides reviewing the results garnered from the study, this concluding chapter considers the challenges facing the state in India today and prognosticates the way forward for structural reform, through governance by stealth.
Cosmopolitanism and the City
Authors: Magaldi Cristina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the scholarly framework that guided the research for the book and that provided methodological tools for the conceptualization of turn-of-the-20th-century Rio de Janeiro as part of an interdependent cultural and musical urban network. It explores cosmopolitanism as an experience of cities and as part of an urban modernity that saw many variants at the turn of the 20th century. It introduces Rio de Janeiro’s history and sociopolitical context and places the city’s sociopolitical developments in a larger geographical-historical context, one that frames the musics, people, and performances discussed later in the book.
A City to Be Seen and to Be Heard
Authors: Magaldi Cristina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter suggests that the period’s inclination for visual culture did not sum up the sociocultural complexity of late-19th-century urban life and thus explores Rio de Janeiro not only as city to be seen, but also a city to be heard. The chapter suggests that local flâneurs, such as Olavo Bilac, João do Rio, and Luis Edmundo, were also “aural flâneurs,” as they narrated the city’s many soundscapes, describing the many sounds that could be heard in the city, from barrel organs and the gramophone to pianists, singers, and wind bands scattered around the city’s private and public spaces. The chapter proposes that Rio de Janeiro’s soundscape fed from and fed into a cosmopolitan urban cultural network that connected its residents to people living in other cities through an eclectic mix of shared urban experiences.
Parliamentary questions to the House of Commons Commission: Accountability and parliamentary administration
Authors: Melhuish Francesca , Yong Ben 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Parliamentary administration is integral to supporting the work of elected politicians. How is it held to account? This article focuses on parliamentary questions—one means of scrutinizing parliamentary administration. The article uses a qualitative analysis of written and oral questions MPs have asked the House of Commons Commission (the body responsible for parliamentary administration). It asks three sub-questions: (1) Who asks the questions?; (2) What questions are asked?; and (3) How are these questions answered? Interrogating these questions also provides a window into the internal governance challenges of the House of Commons.
Carbonatite Metasomatism in a Subvolcanic Setting: Breccia at the Badou Carbonatite in the North China Craton and Implications for Magmatic Evolution and Eruptive Style
Authors: Li Zhuoqi , Anenburg Michael , Wei Chun-Wan , Yuan Nongxin , Xu Cheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The genesis and primary compositions of carbonatite melts are enigmatic owing to their reactivity and resulting contamination in the mantle and crust. This overprints earlier uncontaminated compositions and obscures their origins. The subvolcanic Badou carbonatite in the North China Craton is characterized by brecciated textures and comprises pristine clinopyroxene, mica, and apatite phenocrysts in a mixed, carbonate–silicate matrix. Here, we provide mineralogical, textural, and major and trace elemental results to reveal the mantle derivation of the Badou carbonatite melt, and its compositional modification during interaction with crustal materials. Clinopyroxene and apatite phenocrysts have initial Sr isotopes (0.70920–0.71037) similar to brecciated calcite (0.71028–0.71159) and the whole rock (0.70953–0.71061), indicating a common source. Rare Mg-rich clinopyroxene and mica contain high Cr and Ni contents, recording direct mantle derivation without immiscibility from silicate melts. Abundant feldspars and aegirine, occurring as both phenocrysts and fine-grained matrix, formed an antiskarn at relatively low temperatures indicating extensive silica contamination upon crustal emplacement. Silica contamination is further indicated by britholite-rich apatite rims and relict quartz cores in clinopyroxene. Zircon xenocrysts were partly assimilated, indicated by Zr and Hf enrichment in late-stage silicates, and partly underwent decomposition to baddeleyite in a decreasing silica activity environment. The assimilation process consumed the carbonate melt, forming refractory silicate minerals and CO2 vapor, leading to near-surface gas overpressure with a decrease in magma viscosity. This elevates the potential for explosive activity, which, in turn, provides a positive feedback mechanism for silica assimilation. The complex evolution of the carbonatite melt in the crust might be responsible for the compositional gap between the natural rocks and experimental outcomes, and results in different eruption styles.
Contribution of Majoron to Hubble Tension in Gauged U(1)Lμ – Lτ Model
Authors: Asai Kento , Asano Tomoya , Sato Joe , Yang Masaki J S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze parameter regions that can alleviate the Hubble tension in the U(1)$_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$ model with broken lepton number U(1)$_L$ symmetry. As new particles, this model has a U(1)$_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$ gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ and a Majoron $\phi$, which can affect the early universe and the effective number of neutrino species $N_\textrm{eff}$. If $Z^{\prime }$ and $\phi$ simultaneously exist in the early universe, $Z^{\prime }\,$–$\, \phi$ direct reaction processes such as $Z^{\prime }\nu _\alpha \leftrightarrow \phi \bar{\nu }_\beta$ and $Z^{\prime } \phi \leftrightarrow \bar{\nu }_\alpha \bar{\nu }_\beta$ occur. The comparison of $N_\textrm{eff}$ between the cases with and without the $Z^{\prime }\,$–$\, \phi$ direct reaction processes shows that these processes make a small contribution of $\mathcal {O}(10^{-4})$ to $N_\textrm{eff}$, and it does not need to be considered for the alleviation of the Hubble tension. Based on these facts, we calculated $N_\textrm{eff}$ for various Majoron parameters without the $Z^{\prime }\,$–$\, \phi$ direct reaction processes to search for parameters that could alleviate the Hubble tension. As a result, we found that the U(1)$_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$ gauge boson and Majoron can alleviate the Hubble tension in some parameter regions, and there is a nontrivial indirect synergy contribution between $Z^{\prime }$ and $\phi$, although the contribution from $Z^{\prime }\,$–$\, \phi$ direct reaction processes is negligible.
D
*
s0(2317) and B*s0 as Molecular States
Authors: Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Hyun-Chul 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the dynamical generation of the $D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$ and $B_{s0}^{*}$ mesons using a meson-exchange model with a coupled-channel formalism. Our primary focus is on the $D_s^+\pi ^0$ channel below the $DK$ threshold. First, we construct the invariant kernel amplitudes, incorporating effective Lagrangians based on heavy-quark symmetry, flavor SU(3) symmetry, and hidden local symmetry. Since the $D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$ state implies isospin symmetry breaking, we introduce $\pi ^0\!-\!\eta$ isospin mixing. We subsequently solve the coupled-channel integral equations, which include four different channels, i.e. $D_s^+\pi ^0$, $D^0 K^+$, $D^+ K^0$, and $D_s^+\eta$. We carefully analyze how the pole corresponding to the $D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$ state emerges from the coupled channels. Our findings reveal that the pole positions of the $D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$ meson are at $\sqrt{s_R}=(2317.9 - i 0.0593)$ MeV and those of the $\bar{B}_{s0}^{*}$ meson are at $(5756.43-i0.0215)$ MeV, respectively. We also discuss their decay widths and destructive interference of the two sources. In conclusion, our current results provide a clear indication supporting the interpretation of the $D_{s0}^{*}(2317)$ meson as a $DK$ molecular state within the present coupled-channel formalism. In addition, we discuss the possible existence of $\bar{B}_{s0}^{*}$.
Exponentially Many Graphs Are Determined By Their Spectrum
Authors: Koval Illya , Kwan Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As a discrete analogue of Kac’s celebrated question on ‘hearing the shape of a drum’ and towards a practical graph isomorphism test, it is of interest to understand which graphs are determined up to isomorphism by their spectrum (of their adjacency matrix). A striking conjecture in this area, due to van Dam and Haemers, is that ‘almost all graphs are determined by their spectrum’, meaning that the fraction of unlabelled n-vertex graphs which are determined by their spectrum converges to 1 as $n\to\infty$.
In this paper, we make a step towards this conjecture, showing that there are exponentially many n-vertex graphs which are determined by their spectrum. This improves on previous bounds (of shape $\it{e}^{c\sqrt{n}}$). We also propose a number of further directions of research.
A machine learning-based prediction model for gout in hyperuricemics: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Brikman Shay , Serfaty Liel , Abuhasira Ran , Schlesinger Naomi , Bieber Amir , Rappoport Nadav 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop a machine learning-based prediction model for identifying hyperuricemic participants at risk of developing gout.

Methods
A retrospective nationwide Israeli cohort study used the Clalit Health Insurance database of 473 124 individuals to identify adults 18 years or older with at least two serum urate measurements exceeding 6.8 mg/dl between January 2007 and December 2022. Patients with a prior gout diagnosis or on gout medications were excluded. Patients’ demographic characteristics, community and hospital diagnoses, routine medication prescriptions and laboratory results were used to train a risk prediction model. A machine learning model, XGBoost, was developed to predict the risk of gout. Feature selection methods were used to identify relevant variables. The model's performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) and precision-recall AUC. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of gout among hyperuricemic patients.

Results
Among the 301 385 participants with hyperuricemia included in the analysis, 15 055 (5%) were diagnosed with gout. The XGBoost model had a ROC-AUC of 0.781 (95% CI 0.78–0.784) and precision-recall AUC of 0.208 (95% CI 0.195–0.22). The most significant variables associated with gout diagnosis were serum uric acid levels, age, hyperlipidemia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and diuretic purchases. A compact model using only these five variables yielded a ROC-AUC of 0.714 (95% CI 0.706–0.723) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95%.

Conclusions
The findings of this cohort study suggest that a machine learning-based prediction model had relatively good performance and high NPV for identifying hyperuricemic participants at risk of developing gout.
Human serum proteomics reveals a molecular signature after one night of sleep deprivation
Authors: Bjørkum Alvhild Alette , Griebel Leandra , Birkeland Even 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent and caused by conditions such as night shift work or illnesses like obstructive sleep apnea. Compromised sleep affects cardiovascular-, immune-, and neuronal systems. Recently, we published human serum proteome changes after a simulated night shift. This pilot proteomic study aimed to further explore changes in human blood serum after 6 hours of sleep deprivation at night.

Methods
Human blood serum samples from eight self-declared healthy females were analyzed using Orbitrap Eclipse mass spectrometry (MS-MS) and high-pressure liquid chromatography. We used a within-participant design, in which the samples were taken after 6 hours of sleep at night and after 6 hours of sleep deprivation the following night. Systems biological databases and bioinformatic software were used to analyze the data and comparative analysis were done with other published sleep-related proteomic datasets.

Results
Out of 494 proteins, 66 were found to be differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) after 6 hours of sleep deprivation. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the associations of these DEPs with several biological functions related to the altered regulation of cellular processes such as platelet degranulation and blood coagulation, as well as associations with different curated gene sets.

Conclusions
This study presents serum proteomic changes after 6 hours of sleep deprivation, supports previous findings showing that short sleep deprivation affects several biological processes, and reveals a molecular signature of proteins related to pathological conditions such as altered coagulation and platelet function, impaired lipid and immune function, and cell proliferation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD045729. This paper is part of the Genetic and other molecular underpinnings of sleep, sleep disorders, and circadian rhythms including translational approaches Collection.
Calcinean sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the shelf edge of the Great Australian Bight
Authors: Klautau Michelle , Lopes Matheus Vieira , Tavares Gabriela , Rizzieri Raisa , Sorokin Shirley , Fromont Jane , Goudie Lisa , Crowther Andrea , McCormack Samuel , George Anita Mary , Abdul Wahab Muhammad Azmi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The deep-water regions of eastern and central Great Australian Bight (GAB) are subject to hydrocarbon exploration; consequently, there are efforts to study their biodiversity. Australia has ~200 species of Calcarea, but none has been described taxonomically from the GAB, and most are known down to only 200 m depth. A characterization of deep benthic communities was performed in the GAB at depths ranging from 200 to 3000 m. Of sponge species collected, 16% were members of Calcarea, and 11 were members of subclass Calcinea, which is the focus group of this work. Morphological and molecular tools were used for identification. Calcinean sponges were not found deeper than 400 m. The most diverse genus was Ascoleucetta, which had four species. Nine species and two genera are new to science: Clathrina williamsi sp. nov., Leucascus boomerang sp. nov., Ascoleucetta gabensis sp. nov., Ascoleucetta globularis sp. nov., Ascoleucetta parallela sp. nov., Ascoleucetta plana sp. nov., Leucetta conspicua sp. nov., Robspongia vociva gen. nov., sp. nov., and Rappya australiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. Calcareous sponges represented 1.8% of overall sponge biomass, and site 181 had the highest species richness. Our results reveal a unique community of calcareous sponges hidden within the GAB, suggesting high endemism.
Morphology and systematics of a new fossil snake from the early Rupelian (Oligocene) White River Formation, Wyoming
Authors: Croghan Jasmine A , Palci Alessandro , Onary Silvio , Lee Michael S Y , Caldwell Michael W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extinct snake taxa are recognized primarily from isolated vertebrae. A new specimen from the early Oligocene of Wyoming provides a rare opportunity to examine four nearly complete and articulated fossil snakes. Informally assigned previously to the ‘erycine’ vertebral form taxa Ogmophis and Calamagras, a detailed comparison reveals that this fossil snake exhibits vertebral differences from both taxa and is, furthermore, a new taxon, Hibernophis breithaupti gen. et sp. nov., based on a combination of apomorphies such as absence of basal tubera, low subrectangular prootic, low parasphenoid wings obscuring the anterior opening of the Vidian canal, and foramen for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve posteriorly displaced inside the adductor fossa of the compound. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of combined morphological and molecular data from a broad selection of snakes places Hibernophis breithaupti as sister taxon to all other booids, distant from both Old and New World ‘erycines’. However, an alternative position close to New World ‘erycines’ and ungaliophiines cannot be rejected.
Slow and Steady: Using Inclusive Language to Enhance Academic Medicine’s Social Accountability
Authors: Ortega Pilar , Osman-Krinsky Maya , Silva Débora 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Language is more than the use of words for pragmatic purposes, and language and thought are intertwined in complex ways. In medical contexts, the relational and dynamic nature of language requires that individuals pay close attention not only to the information communicated but also to how its delivery and reception impact inclusion. Adopting inclusive language principles can play a key role in those in academic medicine living up to the values of equity and inclusion, as they manifest in each of the 5 missions of academic medicine: scientific discovery, education, clinical care, collaboration with communities and partners, and standards of equity, professionalism, and ethics.
In this commentary, the authors explore inclusive language as it applies to 3 topics that have rapidly evolved in academic medicine: gender inclusivity, linguistic attributes, and trauma-informed language. For each of these topics, the authors describe practical examples of how inclusive language can be applied across multiple settings in academic medicine—including the patient–physician relationship, medical education, and scholarly writing—by centering the perspectives of those who have been marginalized or excluded. When holding scholars, physicians, and leaders in academic medicine accountable for their use of inclusive language, humility should be balanced with competence. Specifically, linguistic humility should be paired with skills-building efforts and an attitude of life-long learning, and reacting to mistakes should be coupled with restorative justice approaches to address harm and proactive strategies to maximize inclusivity. Inclusive language efforts must be like the slow and steady tortoise—to be effective and authentically rigorous, academic medicine must be intentional and consistent in driving equitable and inclusive practices that support sustained participation, engagement, belonging, and thriving.
Comparison of Length of Stay and Discharge Disposition after Short-Segment Lumbar Fusion Surgery at Tertiary Care and Non-Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Narayanan Rajkishen , Opara Olivia A. , Kohring Adam , Lee Yunsoo , Carey Preston , Diejomaoh Rioke M , McCall Cordero , Lowitz Sean , Takagi-Stewart Julian , Bradley Evan , Kurd Mark F. , Kaye Ian D. , Mangan John J. , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: June 2024

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
To compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes among lumbar fusion patients treated at an orthopaedic specialty hospital (OSH), a hybrid community hospital (HCH), and a conventional community hospital in comparison to a tertiary care hospital (TCH).

Summary of Background data.
In spine surgery, strategies to reduce length of stay (LOS) include a myriad of pre-, intra-, and postoperative strategies that require a multidisciplinary infrastructure. The sum of these efforts has led to the creation of orthopedic specialty hospitals and protocols that have been adopted by community hospitals as well. There is a notable lack of information regarding the results of these efforts across different healthcare institution models.

Methods.
This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing elective one or two-level lumbar fusion between 2017 and 2022 at a large urban TCH, an OSH, a HCH, and a conventional CH. Data was collected on patient characteristics, demographics, comorbidities, BMI, smoking status, surgical type, surgical levels, surgery duration, hospital length of stay, readmissions, reoperations, and discharge status within a year. Patients across the four surgical settings were matched based on age, BMI, CCI, type of procedure, and number of levels fused.

Results.
A total of 1435 patients met the inclusion criteria. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer at TCH compared to OSH, HCH, and CH by an average of 1-2 days (P<0.001). 90-day readmissions were higher at TCH compared to OSH (P=0.001). TCH patients also were less likely to be discharged home than OSH and HCH patients (P=0.001 and P=0.016, respectively). No significant differences were noted in 1-year reoperation rates across all hospital models.

Conclusion.
Shorter lengths of stays and more home discharges at the orthopaedic specialty hospital and community hospital settings did not compromise surgical quality or postoperative outcomes.
Application to Quantify Ulcer Areas and Track Their Progress
Authors: Tachi Kazufumi , Gonda Koichi 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Chronic ulcer treatments, such as those for diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores, require prolonged treatment periods. Availability of effective objective indicators to determine treatment method efficacy is limited. Ulcer area is the agreed-upon indicator for ulcer healing because it contracts and/or undergoes epithelialization as healing occurs. Ulcer surface properties such as healthy or infected granulation and slough or necrotic tissue are also used. This study aimed to develop a user-friendly application automating the ulcer area measurement process and included a graphical time-series display of ulcer components manually classified by users. Images of ulcers photographed with adjacent circular 1.5-cm diameter stickers were prepared. In the application, users manually categorized and color-coded each image into five component types based on different ulcer characteristics. The application calculated the area of each component in pixels and then estimated the actual area using the sticker area as a reference. It also collated color-coded images and presented graphical illustrations of changes in area over time. The results indicated the application successfully automated area measurements of each ulcer component and graphical displays of changes in ulcer component areas over time. It enabled users to visually track quality changes and the chronic ulcer healing process. Historically, ulcer assessments are subjectively conducted via visual examination by physicians, creating less reproducible, objective data. Although ulcer properties still required manual entry by users, our application streamlined ulcer area measurement and time-course visualization and sets the groundwork for a fully automated artificial-intelligence–driven ulcer diagnosis system.