bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Fracture Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis of Blood Metabolites via Mendelian Randomization.
Authors: Ren Chuan , Yao Meng-xuan , Zhang Yi-Fan , Zhu Yan-bin , Wang Juan , Lv Hong-zhi , Zhang Yu-Qin , Shi Tai-Long , Wang Hai-cheng , Ding Kai , Shui Wei , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The study aims to explore the complex relationship between plasma metabolites and fracture risk, addressing the gap in comprehensive analysis of 1,400 plasma metabolites and their potential causal association with fracture risk.
Methods: The study employed bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using data from European ancestry GWASs. It examined the potential causal relationships of 1,400 unique blood metabolites with fracture risk, using various statistical tols and sensitivity analyses in R language.
Results: The study identified 89 metabolites significantly associated with fracture risk, with 36 showing protective effects and 53 as risk factors. The study identified 89 metabolites significantly associated with fracture risk. Of these, 36 showed a protective effect (OR < 1) and 53 were identified as risk factors (OR > 1). Three metabolites demonstrated consistent associations across various methods: (1) 2R3R-dihydroxybutyrate showed a positive effect on fracture risk with an OR of 1.005 (p = 0.0002, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.008) using the IVW method. Other methods, including MR-Egger and weighted median, did not show significant results. (2) 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-gpc (18:0/20:4) had a consistent positive association with fracture risk across different methods, with an OR of 1.003 (p = 0.0003, 95% CI: 1.001 to 1.005) using IVW. Similar results were obtained with MR-Egger and weighted median methods. (3) Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) to glycerol 3-phosphate ratio showed a positive association with an OR of 1.006 (p= 0.00003, 95% CI: 1.003 to 1.009) using IVW. However, the MR-Egger and other methods did not show statistical significance.
Conclusions:The study provided new insights into the biochemical mechanisms of fractures, highlighting the significant role of specific metabolites in fracture risk. It suggests potential targets for future fractures prevention and treatment strategies.
Atmospheric preconditions investigation of wet-cold compound events in Greece between 1980 and 2004
Authors: Markantonis Iason , Vlachogiannis Diamando , Sfetsos Athanasios , Kioutsioukis Ioannis 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the origins and the atmospheric circulation patterns that led to the occurrence of Wet-Cold compound events (WCCEs) recorded by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS) between 1980 and 2004. The study employed two methods to provide insights into the issue. The first method involved identifying clusters from backward trajectories (BTs) at three heights above the arrival point (500, 1500 and 5500 metres). The second method aimed at detecting weather patterns (WPs) that result from the clustering of atmospheric pressure at sea level (SLP) and the geopotential height (GH500) at 500hPa from ERA5. To detect clusters for both methods, k-means clustering is applied. The analysis of backward trajectories produced seven clusters of BTs at each height level. Most of these clusters originated from the Northwest or North, with medium, short, and long-distance clusters being observed at 500m, 1500m and 5500m height levels, respectively. Despite analysing the temporal data, no clear connection was established between the clusters and months. From the cluster of GH500 and SLP variables for 94 different dates, we derived three main WPs. All WPs showed high GH500 values in Western Europe and lower GH500 values in Eastern Europe. Although SLP values differed significantly among the clusters, they helped to identify distinct weather patterns. Finally, we identified that on 7 out of the total of 94 different dates with WCCEs, large amounts of moisture are transported to Greece through the atmosphere over long distances by atmospheric rivers (ARs).
Lipopolysaccharide Enhances Microglia Antiviral Control of Betacoronavirus Infection through TLR4-Dependent Induction of IFNβ with Concomitant Modulation of dsRNA Sensors MDA5 and TLR3
Authors: Davis Elijah H , Glass Adam M , LaBier Brett A , Tang Alexis A , Pabon Valeria Bornacelli , Mayes Armoni A , Navas-Martin Sonia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Microglia play a pivotal role in brain homeostasis and are essential to protective immunity within the central nervous system by coordinating the innate immune response to neuroinvasive pathogens. Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is the most used pro-inflammatory stimulus for microglia, both in vitroand in vivo. However, the impact of LPS in microglia response to viral infection, including coronaviruses remains ill-defined. Murine coronaviruses productively infect microglia and are well established models of RNA virus-induced encephalitis and demyelination. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TLR4 stimulation with a TLR4-specific agonist [smooth (s)-form LPS (E. coli 0111:B4)] on murine coronavirus MHV-JHM and -A59 infection of microglia in vitro. Mechanistically, our data revealed that LPS stimulation of microglia restrict coronavirus replication through TLR4-dependent induction of interferon (IFN-b) with concomitant modulation of dsRNA sensors melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Moreover, in the absence of coronavirus infection, LPS induces TLR4-dependent upregulation of MDA5 expression and activation of TLR3, as measured by phosphorylation of its residue Y759, a hallmark of TLR3 signaling initiation. Supporting LPS-induced TLR3 activation, we demonstrated that TLR3 selectively contributes to TLR4-dependent, LPS-induced neuroinflammation even in the absence of virus infection. Overall, the present study provides novel mechanistic insights regarding microglia responses to coronavirus infection and highlights a previously unrecognized crosstalk between bacterial TLR4 and dsRNA sensors in microglia with implications beyond viral infection.
Fly-by-Feel: Wing Strain-based Flight Control of Flapping-Wing Drones through Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Kang Daeshik , Han Seungyong , Koh Je-sung , Kim Taewi , Hong Insic , Im Sunghoon , Rho Seungeun , Kim Minho , Roh Yeonwook , Kim Changhwan , Park Jieun , Lim Daseul , Lee Doohoe , Lee Seunggon , Lee Jingoo , Back Inryeol , Lee Joonho , Seo Sungchul , Kim Uikyum , Cho Junggwang , Hong Myung Rae , Kang Sanghun , Choi Young-Man 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Although drone technology has progressed significantly, replicating the dynamic control and wind-sensing abilities of biological flights is still beyond our reach. Biological studies have revealed that insect wings are equipped with mechanoreceptors known as campaniform sensilla, which detect complex aerodynamic loads critical for flight agility. By leveraging robotic experiments designed to mimic these biological systems, we confirmed that wing strain provides crucial information about the drone's attitude, as well as the direction and velocity of the wind. We introduce a novel wing strain-based flight controller, termed 'fly-by-feel'. This methodology employs the aerodynamic forces exerted on a flapping drone's wings to deduce vital flight data, such as attitude and airflow without accelerometers and gyroscopic sensors. Our empirical approach spanned five key experiments: initially validating the wing strain sensor system for state information provision, followed by a single degree of freedom (1 DOF) control in changing winds, a two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) control for gravitational attitude adjustment, a test for position control in windy conditions, and finally, demonstrating precise flight path manipulation in a windless condition using only wing strain sensors. We have successfully demonstrated control of a flapping drone in a various environment using only wing strain sensors, with the aid of reinforcement learning-driven flight controller. The fly-by-feel system holds the potential to revolutionize autonomous drone operations, providing enhanced adaptability to environmental shifts. This will be beneficial across varied applications, from gust resistance to wind-assisted flight, paving the way toward the next generation of resilient and autonomous flying robots.
Performance Comparison Index for Image Super-Resolution Models
Authors: Koçmarlı Gökhan , Esmer Gökhan Bora 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Image super-resolution is a critical aspect of image enhancement, facilitating the reconstruction of high-quality images from low-resolution inputs. Traditional quality assessment metrics like SSIM, MSE, and PSNR have limitations in effectively evaluating super-resolution models due to their focus on pixel values and statistical properties, overlooking overall visual quality. This article introduces a technique for comparing super-resolution models using a pattern-based approach. The proposed method evaluates image quality by analyzing the harmonics, providing a performance comparison index that surpasses traditional metrics. By focusing on the frequency domain and magnitudes of Fourier components, this technique effectively captures image features and patterns, enabling a more comprehensive assessment of super-resolution model performance.
A roadmap to human hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood, aging and AD.
Authors: Lazarov Orly , Disouky Ahmed , Sanborn Mark , Mostafa Mostafa , Sabitha K. , Schantz Aimee , Kim Namhee , Pawlowski Szymon , Honer William , Bennett David , Zhou Yi , Keene C. , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Rehman Jalees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the rodent, hippocampal neurogenesis plays critical roles in learning and memory 1,2, is tightly regulated by inhibitory neurons 3-7 and contributes to memory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse models 8-10. In contrast, the mechanisms regulating neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus, the dynamic shifts in the transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles in aging and AD and putative niche interactions within the cellular environment, remain largely unknown. Using single nuclei multi-omics of postmortem human hippocampi we map the molecular mechanisms of hippocampal neurogenesis across aging, cognitive decline, and AD neuropathology. Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of neural stem cells (NSCs), neuroblasts and immature neurons suggests that the earliest shift in the characteristics of neurogenesis takes place in NSCs in aging. Cognitive impairment was associated with changes in neuroblast profile. In AD, there was a widespread cessation of the transcription machinery in immature neurons, with robust downregulation of genes regulating ribosomal and mitochondrial function. Further, there was substantial loss of parvalbumin+ inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus in aging. The number of the rest of inhibitory neurons were reduced as a function of age and diagnosis. Notably, a similar system-level effect was observed between immature and inhibitory neurons in the transition from aging to AD, manifested by common molecular pathways that were ultimately lost in AD. The numbers of neuroblasts, immature and GABAergic neurons inversely correlated with extent of neuropathology. Using CellChat and NeuronChat, we inferred the ligands and receptors by which neurogenic cells communicate with their cellular environment. Loss of synaptic adhesion molecules and neurotransmitters, either sent or received by neurogenic cells, was observed in AD. Together, this study delineates the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of human neurogenesis, functional association with inhibitory neurons and a mechanism of hippocampal hyperexcitability in AD.
Beyond the Diagnosis: Insight Into Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Biswas Himel Kumar , Ishaque Khadija Tanbil , Biswas Rama 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

An acute neurological condition known as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) manifests as nonspecific symptoms such as headache, seizure, disorientation and visual abnormalities. PRES has been known for the last few decades, with characteristic radiologic findings, but the natural history of PRES has not yet been fully established. Although PRES is thought to be reversible, this may not always be true because there is a significant risk of neurological impairment and mortality. Here, we discuss three patients with different ages of PRES and a common association with hypertension. We observed different outcomes in these patients who were treated with antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, or supportive care agents.
Individual Work Performance Questionnaire: Translation and validation in Greek
Authors: Galanis Petros , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Derizioti Konstantina , Moisoglou Ioannis , Papanikolaou Vasiliki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Scholars should measure work performance with valid tools for improving understanding of employees’ attitudes.
Aim: To translate and validate the “Individual Work Performance Questionnaire” (IWPQ) in Greek.
Methods: Study population included 233 nurses in Greece. We collected our data in December 2023. We employed the forward-backward method to translate and adapt the IWPQ in Greek language. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the IWPQ. We examined the reliability of the IWPQ by calculating Cronbach’s alpha.
Results: The IWPQ showed very good psychometric properties. Our confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the IWPQ. All indices indicated an acceptable three-factor model. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for task performance scale, contextual performance scale, and counterproductive work behavior scale was 0.743, 0.872, and 0.769, respectively.
Conclusions: The Greek version of the “Individual Work Performance Questionnaire” is a reliable and valid tool to measure employees’ work performance.
DS-BEV:An Efficient Multi-Modal Fusion in Object Detection with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representation
Authors: Hu Minghui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Multi-sensor fusion is essential for an accurate and reliable autonomous driving system. Recently, BEVFusion has been proposed to integrate LiDAR and image features in a unified Bird's Eye View (BEV) representation. However, there is an issue with the loss of local image information during the extraction of global image information on the backbone network. In order to fully integrate local features with global features, this paper proposes a network called DS-BEV based on feature selection and refinement. It includes a Feature Selection Fusion module (FSM) and a Feature Refinement module (FRM). In the FSM, the features of different modal are first extracted by using specific networks and projected into a unified BEV representation space. Through channel and spatial learning, important information is selected from the initial features and fused to generate preliminary fusion features. Then,the image features extracted by a CNN network and the preliminary fusion features output by the FSM are sent to the FRM together. By combining the local features generated by CNN network, the fusion features are refined. We evaluate our model on the nuScenes dataset. Experiments show that our DS-BEV achieves 69.5% mAP and 72.3% NDS in detection accuracy.
A comparative study of diabetic foot treatment
Authors: Alsaleh Joud , Aziz Nooran Abdul , Hammoud Taghrid 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: The diabetic foot ulcers consider a serious complication that related to diabetes, ulcers required medical and nursing care, that started with determine the degree of ulcer and applying Dressing which is from responsibility of nurses. There are many kinds of dressing for grade 1&2 diabetic foot ulcers such as dry and honey dressings.
Aim of the study: Assessment the effect of applying the dry and honey dressings on the healing of grade (1&2) diabetic foot ulcers.
Material and Methods: The study conducted A special center for diabetic foot in Damascus city. A convenient sample of 200 adult diabetic patients whose meet the sample selection criteria were chosen. The sample divided randomly to two equal groups, either the first group who subjected to dry dressing technique, or to the second group who subjected to honey dressing technique. Dressing changed for six weeks.
Results: At the end of the study: (55%) of patients had complete ulcer healing, (35%) had partial healing and (20%) had no ulcer wound healing in the dry dressing group. Whereas (85%) of patients had complete ulcer healing and (15%) had partial healing. Conclusions: Honey dressing had statistical significant effects on the healing of grade (1&2) diabetic foot ulcers.
Associations Between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Yıldız Bilal , Algül Fatma Ebru , Yeşilada Elif 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and Vitamin D supplementation may improve symptoms and electrophysiological findings in CTS patients. The biological effects of vitamin D may be modified by various genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. With this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between CTS and Taq I and Fok I polymorphisms of the VDR gene.
Materials and Methods
100 CTS patients and 100 healthy controls were included in this study. The severity of CTS was determined by electromyography and the patients were divided into 3 groups: mild, moderate and severe CTS. The Fok I and Taq I genotypes of the participants were determined from the peripheral blood samples taken from all participants. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between patient and control groups.
Results
VDR Fok I genotype distribution and allele frequency showed a significant relationship with the risk of developing CTS and its severity. Taq I, on the other hand, was not associated with the risk of developing CTS or its severity.
Conclusion
VDR Fok I polymorphism increases the risk of developing CTS and the risk of severe CTS in the Turkish population. Further studies on this subject are needed to further understand the relationship between CTS and VDR polymorphisms and explain its mechanism.
Potential overestimation of 236U releases from Sellafield reprocessing plant
Authors: Qiao Jixin , Cao Yiyao , Lin Mu , He Yanchun , Steier Peter , Hain Karin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This work reveals potential overestimation on uranium-236 (236U) releases from Sellafield (SF) reprocessing plant in earlier estimations. We report the 40-year time series dataset of uranium isotopes in seaweed seasonally collected from Kattegat, which is at the downstream of radioactive discharges from the European reprocessing plants La Hague (LH) and SF. When comparing the estimated values derived from the previously reconstructed 236U releases of LH and SF, our observed 236U concentrations in seaweed demonstrate generally lower levels. Our data analysis suggests nearly one order of magnitude overestimation in the recently reconstructed SF discharge reported by other authors. Such overestimation would introduce large uncertainties when using 236U as a point-source in environmental tracer applications. We foresee that this work will significantly improve the applications of radioisotope tracers in oceanic studies such as spreading of marine pollutants, ocean mixing and circulation, especially in the regions of North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean.
Associations of Autistic Traits and Autism With Incontinence and Constipation in a UK Birth Cohort
Authors: Gyamenah Prince , Burrows Kimberley , Rai Dheeraj , Joinson Carol 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that children with autism/autistic traits have higher risks of incontinence and constipation, but no studies have examined this in a large community-based cohort.
Aim
To examine prospective relationships between autistic traits/autism and incontinence/constipation in children/adolescents.
Methods
This was a population-based cohort study based on data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 4233–4490 at age 9 years; n = 3403–3697 at age 14). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations of parent-reported autistic traits (sociability, repetitive behaviours, social-communication, coherence) (at ages 3–9 years) and autism with incontinence (bedwetting, daytime-wetting, soiling) and constipation (parent-reported at age 9, self-reported at age 14). We adjusted for parity, maternal age at delivery, child’s sex and developmental level, maternal depression and anxiety (antenatal and postnatal), and indicators of family socioeconomic status.
Results
Social-communication and speech coherence difficulties showed the strongest associations with incontinence, e.g. adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between social-communication difficulties and daytime-wetting was 2.21 (1.47–3.32) and for coherence was 2.34 (1.60–3.43). The odds of soiling were also higher in children with social-communication (OR:1.88, 95%CI:1.28–2.75) and coherence difficulties (OR:2.04, 95%CI:1.43–2.93). Diagnosed autism was only associated with an increase in the odds of daytime-wetting (OR:3.18, 95%CI:1.44–7.02). At 14 years, there was less evidence of associations between autistic traits and incontinence but there was evidence of associations between autistic traits and constipation: social-communication (OR:1.68, 95%CI:1.13–2.49), coherence difficulties (OR:1.64, 95%CI:1.11–2.41).
Conclusions
Early assessment and treatment of incontinence/constipation should be considered for children with autistic traits.
Effect of Citric Acid as a Porogenic Agent for Fabrication of Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds
Authors: Hesaraki Saeed , Nezafati Nader , Shahrezaee Mostafa 
Published: May 2024

Background:
A key concern in tissue engineering for bone regeneration is the fabrication
of scaffolding so that it serves as a template for cell interactions and the formation of
bone’s extracellular matrix to provide structural support to the newly formed tissue.

Objective:
In the current study, different amounts of citric acid from 65 to 85 (vol%), including
different particle sizes (between 250-700 μm), were used as a porogen to fabricate
porous biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds.

Methods:
The scaffolds were prepared under different pressures of 150-250 MPa followed
by sintering at various temperatures of 1100-1300°C. The compressive strength, total porosity,
volume shrinkage, phase composition, and microstructure of the samples were
evaluated.

Results:
Scaffolds with a macropore size of 100-500 μm were produced by citric acid porogen.
The compressive strength varied using different ranges of porogen particle size (containing
the same porogen content) as well as concentration. The results showed that the
compressive strength decreased when the applied pressure increased from 150 to 250 MPa
and a higher amount of porogen was used. The maximum value of compressive strength was
~13.9MPa, for the sample sintered at 1200°C and had a total porosity of ~55.3%.

Conclusion:
This kind of porous biphasic calcium phosphate can exhibit an appropriate
ability to be used as a bone substitute due to its physico-mechanical outcomes and approved
bioactive structure.