bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Approach to Predict Sediment Load – A Case Study
Authors: Azamathulla Hazi Md. , Ghani Aminuddin Ab. , Chang Chun Kiat , Hasan Zorkeflee Abu , Zakaria Nor Azazi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, a novel machine learning technique called the support vector machine (SVM) method is proposed as a new predictive model to predict sediment loads in three Malaysian rivers. The SVM is employed without any restriction to an extensive database compiled from measurements in the Muda, Langat, and Kurau rivers. The SVM technique demonstrated a superior performance compared to other traditional sediment‐load methods. The coefficient of determination, 0.958, and the mean square error, 0.0698, of the SVM method are higher than those of the traditional method. The performance of the SVM method demonstrates its predictive capability and the possibility of the generalization of the model to nonlinear problems for river engineering applications.
Probing Small‐Molecule Binding to Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 2C9: An In Silico Protocol for Generating Toxicity Alerts
Authors: Rossato Gianluca , Ernst Beat , Smiesko Martin , Spreafico Morena , Vedani Angelo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDrug metabolism, toxicity, and their interaction profiles are major issues in the drug‐discovery and lead‐optimization processes. The cytochromes P450 (CYPs) 2D6 and 2C9 are enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of a majority of marketed drugs. Therefore, the prediction of the binding affinity towards CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 would be beneficial for identifying cytochrome‐mediated adverse effects triggered by drugs or chemicals (e.g., toxic reactions, drug–drug, and food–drug interactions). By identifying the binding mode by using pharmacophore prealignment, automated flexible docking, and by quantifying the binding affinity by multidimensional QSAR (mQSAR), we validated a model family of 56 compounds (46 training, 10 test) and 85 compounds (68 training, 17 test) for CYP2D6 and CYP2C9, respectively. The correlation with the experimental data (cross‐validated r2=0.811 for CYP2D6 and 0.687 for CYP2C9) suggests that our approach is suited for predicting the binding affinity of compounds towards CYP2D6 and CYP2C9. The models were challenged by Y‐scrambling and by testing an external dataset of binding compounds (15 compounds for CYP2D6 and 40 for CYP2C9). To assess the probability of false‐positive predictions, datasets of nonbinders (64 compounds for CYP2D6 and 56 for CYP2C9) were tested by using the same protocol. The two validated mQSAR models were subsequently added to the VirtualToxLab (VTL, http://www.virtualtoxlab.org).
Biocompatible blood pool MRI contrast agents based on hyaluronan
Authors: Zhu Wenlian , Artemov Dmitri 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBiocompatible gadolinium blood pool contrast agents based on a biopolymer, hyaluronan, were investigated for magnetic resonance angiography application. Hyaluronan, a non‐sulfated linear glucosaminoglycan composed of 2000–25,000 repeating disaccharide subunits of D‐glucuronic acid and N‐acetylglucosamine with molecular weight up to 20 MDa, is a major component of the extracellular matrix. Two gadolinium contrast agents based on 16 and 74 kDa hyaluronan were synthesized, both with R1 relaxivity around 5 mM−1 s−1 per gadolinium at 9.4 T at 25°C. These two hyaluronan based agents show significant enhancement of the vasculature for an extended period of time. Initial excretion was primarily through the renal system. Later uptake was observed in the stomach and lower gastrointestinal tract. Macromolecular hyaluronan‐based gadolinium agents have a high clinical translation potential as hyaluronan is already approved by FDA for a variety of medical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical neuroanatomy of the Drosophila central complex: Distribution of multiple neuropeptides in relation to neurotransmitters
Authors: Kahsai Lily , Winther Åsa M.E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe central complex of the insect brain is an integration center, receiving inputs from many parts of the brain. In Drosophila it has been associated with the control of both locomotor and visually correlated behaviors. The central complex can be divided into several substructures and is comprised of a large number of neuronal types. These neurons produce classical neurotransmitters, biogenic amines, and different neuropeptides. However, the distribution of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in central‐complex circuits of Drosophila is poorly known. By immunolabeling and GAL4‐directed expression of marker proteins, we analyzed the distribution of acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, monoamines, and eight different neuropeptides; Drosophila tachykinin, short neuropeptide F, myoinhibitory peptide, allatostatin A, proctolin, SIFamide, neuropeptide F, and FMRFamide. All eight neuropeptides were localized to the fan‐shaped body, the largest substructure of the central complex, and were mapped to different layers within this structure. Several populations of peptide‐immunoreactive tangential and columnar neurons were identified, of which some colocalized acetylcholine. Fewer peptides were found to be expressed in the other substructures: the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge, and the noduli. The ellipsoid body and the protocerebral bridge were innervated by extrinsic peptide expressing neurons. Our findings reveal that numerous neuropeptides are expressed in the central complex and that each peptide has a distinct distribution pattern, suggesting important roles for neuropeptides as neuromediators and cotransmitters in this brain area. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:290‐315, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topography and morphology of the inhibitory projection from superior olivary nucleus to nucleus laminaris in chickens (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Tabor Kathryn M. , Wong Rachel O.L. , Rubel Edwin W 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe avian nucleus laminaris (NL) is involved in computation of interaural time differences (ITDs) that encode the azimuthal position of a sound source. Neurons in NL are bipolar, with dorsal and ventral dendritic arbors receiving input from separate ears. NL neurons act as coincidence detectors that respond maximally when input from each ear arrives at the two dendritic arbors simultaneously. Computational and physiological studies demonstrated that the sensitivity of NL neurons to coincident inputs is modulated by an inhibitory feedback circuit via the superior olivary nucleus (SON). To understand the mechanism of this modulation, the topography of the projection from SON to NL was mapped, and the morphology of the axon terminals of SON neurons in NL was examined in chickens (Gallus gallus). In vivo injection of AlexaFluor 568 dextran amine into SON demonstrated a coarse topographic projection from SON to NL. Retrogradely labeled neurons in NL were located within the zone of anterogradely labeled terminals, suggesting a reciprocal projection between SON to NL. In vivo extracellular physiological recording further demonstrated that this topography is consistent with tonotopic maps in SON and NL. In addition, three‐dimensional reconstruction of single SON axon branches within NL revealed that individual SON neurons innervate a large area of NL and terminate on both dorsal and ventral dendritic arbors of NL neurons. The organization of the projection from SON to NL supports its proposed functions of controlling the overall activity level of NL and enhancing the specificity of frequency mapping and ITD detection. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:358‐375, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experiments on the Temperature Dependence of Heterogeneous Nucleation on Nanometer‐Sized NaCl and Ag Particles
Authors: Schobesberger Siegfried , Winkler Paul M. , Pinterich Tamara , Vrtala Aron , Kulmala Markku , Wagner Paul E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExperimental investigations on the activation of NaCl and Ag aerosol particles by heterogeneous nucleation of n‐propanol vapor at well‐defined vapor saturation ratios are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the temperature dependence of this process from −11 to +14 °C. Aerosols are generated in a tube furnace and electrostatically classified at mean geometric mobility equivalent diameters between 3.6 and 11 nm. Activation probabilities are measured by means of expansion chamber experiments, and onset n‐propanol saturation ratios are subsequently determined. The experiments with Ag particles do not produce any unexpected results. The results for NaCl particles, however, show a temperature trend of the onset saturation ratios that is opposite to that predicted by classical nucleation theory. This stresses the important role that surface properties play in heterogeneous nucleation processes. By tentatively assuming a temperature‐dependent contact angle, we are able to theoretically reproduce this reversed temperature trend. In addition, the shrinkage of NaCl condensation particles is investigated for varying amounts of n‐propanol vapor, and contact angle measurements are performed at temperatures ranging from −7 to +30 °C.
Organosilica Spheres Covalently Functionalized with Diphenylanthracene and Viologen Units
Authors: Álvaro Mercedes , Bizzoca Giorgia , Ferrer Belén , García Hermenegildo , de Miguel Maykel , Teruel Laura 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOrganosilica spheres functionalized with two different photoactive units, diphenylanthracene, DPA@SPH, and viologen, VIO@SPH, covalently linked to the silica framework are prepared. These new materials have a uniform diameter, 300 nm for the DPA@SPH and 550 nm for the VIO@SPH, and exhibit the typical photochemical response of the organic moieties. It is observed that organic radical cations incorporated in the structure of the functionalized silica spheres are remarkably persistent. Due to their morphology and regular diameter DPA@SPH do not tend to aggregate and they form a highly regular, ordered and homogeneous multilayer film of high surface coverage which is employed as the active layer for the preparation of an electroluminescence cell.
Plasma‐dependent, antibody‐ and Fcγ receptor‐mediated translocation of CD8 molecules from T cells to monocytes
Authors: Iwasaki Sari , Masuda Sakiko , Baba Tomohisa , Tomaru Utano , Katsumata Kazuaki , Kasahara Masanori , Ishizu Akihiro 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCD8αβ heterodimers are mainly expressed on cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This study demonstrated the detection of CD8αβ heterodimers on human monocytes by whole blood erythrocyte lysis method in flow cytometry. Results revealed that CD8αβ heterodimers were not produced by monocytes themselves, but were transferred from T cells to monocytes when these cells were coincubated in plasma and with anti‐CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb). For completion of CD8 translocation from T cells to monocytes, cell‐to‐cell contact between T cells and monocytes, as well as binding of the Fc portion of the anti‐CD8 mAb and Fcγ receptor II (FcγRII) on monocytes were required. Furthermore, the dynamism of cell membrane and cytoskeleton were involved in the mechanism of CD8 translocation. Interestingly, CD3 and αβT cell receptor (TCR) were also transferred from T cells to monocytes accompanied by CD8. These phenomena are consistent with Ab‐dependent and FcγR‐mediated trogocytosis, which is recently recognized as one of the intercellular communication processes of the immune system. Trogocytosis means exchange of plasma membrane including cell surface molecules in conjugates formed between immune cells. Results of this study could provide another model of trogocytosis and clearly indicated that putative plasma factors were critically implicated in the mechanism of Ab‐dependent and FcγR‐mediated trogocytosis. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The role of cortisol reactivity in children's and adults' memory of a prior stressful experience
Authors: Quas Jodi A. , Yim Ilona S. , Edelstein Robin S. , Cahill Larry , Rush Elizabeth B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify whether cortisol reactivity to a stressful laboratory event was related to children's memory of that event and to determine whether this relation was comparable to that observed in adults. Nine‐ to 12‐year‐olds and young adults completed an impromptu speech and math task during which repeated cortisol samples and self‐reported stress ratings were collected. Two weeks later, participants' memory for the tasks was examined. Greater cortisol reactivity was associated with enhanced memory, most prominently in children. Self‐reported stress was unrelated to memory. Findings reveal that an important mechanism underlying the association between emotion and memory in adults, namely activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, appears to operate similarly in late childhood. Findings also demonstrate that positive associations between cortisol reactivity and memory are evident when the event that actually elicited that reactivity serves as the to‐be‐remembered event. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:166–174, 2011
The changing epidemiology of type 1 diabetes: why is it going through the roof?
Authors: Vehik Kendra , Dabelea Dana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing and this may double the burden of disease in our youngest by 2020. The recent increase in incidence is mostly happening in the very young and those with moderate genetic susceptibility. Many environmental factors have been implicated, but no major determinants have been clearly identified, and the mechanisms of involvement remain elusive. This review summarizes current research efforts directed at understanding the possible reasons for this increase, including the role of viruses, gut microbiota, early life feeding patterns, perinatal factors and childhood growth patterns. It also provides a road map for future research directions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ophthalmic delivery of sparfloxacin from in situ gel formulation for treatment of experimentally induced bacterial keratitis
Authors: Nesseem Demiana I. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objective of the present work was (1) to develop an in situ gelling ophthalmic delivery system by combining pluronic F127 and pluronic F68, with sparfloxacin; and (2) to examine the influence of incorporating a mucoadhesive polysaccharide such as sodium hyaluronate on the healing property due to bacterial keratitis. The formulations (F1–F6) were sterilized by gamma irradiated using Co60. Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectra studies were performed on sterilized and non‐sterilized formulae. The formulations were evaluated for rheological characteristics, in vitro release behavior, and efficacy against induced bacterial conjunctivitis in rats' eyes. Moreover, histopathological evaluations were also done. All the samples passed sterility tests, and no change in physical appearance of the formulae due to gamma radiation was observed. The IR spectra of the formulae before and after sterilization showed similar peaks which confirmed that no ingredient was affected by gamma radiation. The formulations showed a flow index of 0.116–0.493 indicating pseudoplastic flow behavior. The release behavior of all formulae was non‐Fickian anomalous release. The different formulae used to overcome the pathological alterations, produced by bacteria infections varied among each other depending on the duration of treatment; however, the effectiveness of formulation was arranged as F5, F4 and F3, respectively. The developed formulations were therapeutically efficacious, and provided sustained release of the drug over a 24‐hour period. A better improvement in artificially induced bacterial conjunctivitis in rats' cornea was observed with the developed formulae; thus it can be considered as a viable alternative to conventional eye drops. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and spectroscopic studies of charge transfer reaction between sulfasalazine antibiotic drug with different types of acceptors
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , El‐Korashy Sabry A. , El‐Deen Ibrahim M. , El‐Sayed Shaima M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe charge‐transfer (CT) interactions between the electron donor sulfasalazine (SS) and the acceptors 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ), p‐chloranil (CHL), picric acid (PA) and iodine have been studied spectrophotometrically in CHCl3 or CH3OH solutions. The formed solid CT complexes were also isolated and characterized through infrared, 1H‐NMR, mass spectra as well as elemental and thermal analysis. The CT complexes were discussed in terms of formation constant (KCT), molar extinction coefficient (εCT), standard free energy (ΔG°), oscillator strength (f), transition dipole moment (µ), resonance energy (RN) and ionization potential (ID). The stoichiometry of these complexes was found to be 1:1 molar ratio and having the formulae [(SS)(DDQ)], [(SS)(CHL)], [(SS)(PA)] and [(SS)2I]+· I3−, respectively. The charge transfer interaction was successfully applied to the determination of SS drug using mentioned σ and π‐acceptors also, the results obtained herein are satisfactory for estimation of SS compound in the pharmaceutical form. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new validated ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of acyclovir
Authors: Hasan S. , Chander P. , Ali J. , Baboota S. , Ali M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRecently, ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) has proven to be one of the most promising developments in the area of fast chromatographic separations, as it's been true to the objective of reducing analysis time and maintaining good efficiency. The present report describes development and validation of a new, rapid, and sensitive UPLC method with UV detection to quantify acyclovir in bulk sample using a Waters Acquity HSS T‐3 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm) column maintained at a temperature of 50 °C with a gradient elution consisting of 1.0% triethyl amine in water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and detected at 254 nm. Method was found to be selective, linear, accurate, and precise as per ICH guidelines. Detection and quantitation limits of drug were 3 and 8 ng/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel BN Hollow Microspheres with Open Mouths – Facile Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, Resonant Raman Scattering Effect, and Cathodoluminescence Performance
Authors: Wen Guangwu , Zhong Bo , Huang Xiaoxiao , Yu Hongming , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao , Bai Hongwei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNovel BN hollow microspheres have been successfully fabricated by a facile chemical vapour reaction approach using ammonia–borane as a precursor. The morphology and structure of the as‐synthesized products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED), as well as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The hollow microspheres have open mouths and are 0.5–6 μm in diameter. The walls of the hollow spheres with thicknesses ranging from 200 to 800 nm are composed of poorly crystallized BN. The growth mechanism of the hollow microspheres is investigated and a growth model is proposed. The BN hollow spheres show pronounced resonant Raman scattering character under illumination of a 457.9 nm laser line, which implies a potential photothermal effect. The hollow microspheres also exhibit intense cathodoluminescence emissions in the region of 200–400 nm, indicating that they could be potentially used as compact ultraviolet laser emitters. Moreover, the unique open‐mouth feature, in combination with the superior thermal and chemical stability of BN, makes the BN hollow microspheres potential candidates as microreactors for investigations of high‐temperature space‐confined chemical reactions.
Beyond Kahn's Model: Substituent and Heteroatom Influence on Exchange Interaction in a Metal‐Verdazyl Complex
Authors: Oms Olivier , Rota Jean‐Baptiste , Norel Lucie , Calzado Carmen J. , Rousselière Hélène , Train Cyrille , Robert Vincent 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the first thiooxoverdazyl metal complex [Cu(hfac)2(Svdpy)] [hfac = (1,1,1,5,5,5)‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate; Svdpy = 1,5‐dimethyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐6‐thiooxoverdazyl] is described. The organic radical acts as a bidentate ligand leading to a six‐coordinate metal complex. The fit of the thermal variations of the magnetic susceptibility reveal a ferromagnetic intramolecular exchange interaction. This finding is confirmed and analysed by using wavefunction‐based methods which indicate that the exchange interaction is governed by the substituent of the radical rather than by its heteroatom.
Synthetic Approaches to Zigzag‐Shaped Oligophenylene Strands Laterally Decorated with Hydroxy Functions
Authors: Diebold Carine , Weekes David Michael , Torres Navarrete Maria , Mobian Pierre , Kyritsakas Nathalie , Henry Marc 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo nanosized zigzag‐shaped oligophenylene strands incorporating 2,2′‐biphenol units were prepared by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling methodology. The two strands are made up of ten and seven phenyl rings, respectively. Two synthetic pathways were evaluated. The first involved the preparation of the target oligophenylene molecules by a sequential approach, whereas the second entailed the formation of the precursors of the target compounds in a one‐step fashion. The efficiencies of these two approaches are discussed and compared.
Tp53 codon‐72 polymorphisms identify different radiation sensitivities to g2‐chromosome breakage in human lymphoblast cells
Authors: Schwartz Jeffrey L. , Plotnik David , Slovic Jana , Li Tiffany , Racelis Maximillian , Joachim Deeg H. , Friedman Debra L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBoth the G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity assay and allelic differences in TP53 codon‐72 have been associated with cancer predisposition. The relationship between the two endpoints was determined in 56 human EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Although there were overlapping distributions of sensitivity for the different genotypes, cell lines that were homozygous for the proline coding allele were more likely to be resistant to chromatid break formation than those containing two arginine coding alleles, whereas cell lines expressing both the proline and arginine codon were either resistant like proline–proline lines or sensitive like arginine–arginine lines. The results support an important role of the TP53 codon‐72 polymorphism in modifying G2‐chromosome radiosensitivity. Distinguishing the effect of TP53 codon‐72 variations from other modifiers of G2‐chromosome radiosensitivity might aid in identifying new markers of cancer risk. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.