bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DO HEALTHCARE REPORT CARDS CAUSE PROVIDERS TO SELECT PATIENTS AND RAISE QUALITY OF CARE?
Authors: Chen Yijuan , Meinecke Juergen 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe exploit a brief period of asymmetric information during the implementation of Pennsylvania's ‘report card’ scheme for coronary artery bypass graft surgery to test for improvements in quality of care and selection of patients by healthcare providers. During the first 3 years of the 1990s, providers in Pennsylvania had an incentive to bias report cards by selecting patients strategically, with patients having no access to the report cards. This dichotomy enables us to separate providers' selection of patients from patients' selection of providers.Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we estimate a nonlinear difference‐in‐differences model and derive asymptotic standard errors. The mortality rate for bypass patient decreases by only 0.05 percentage points because of the report cards, which we interpret as evidence that quality of bypass surgery did not improve (at least in the short‐term) nor did patient selection by providers occur. Our timing, estimation, and asymptotics are readily applicable to many other report card schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOES DONOR ASSISTANCE FOR HIV RESPOND TO MEDIA PRESSURE?
Authors: Carmignani Fabrizio , Lordan Grace , Tang Kam Ki 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTHIV/AIDS is a heavily mediatised disease. In this article, we test whether media attention is affecting donors' disbursement of aid for HIV to African countries. We use information available on the number of articles and press documents on HIV issues and other health concerns published in donor countries to construct a proxy of media coverage. This proxy is then included as an explanatory variable in a regression of aid for HIV to Africa. After controlling for several donor characteristics, we find that greater media coverage increases aid disbursement. This may be good news for the HIV campaign but may result in displacement effects to the extent that other diseases that cause greater mortality and morbidity receive less media coverage than HIV and thus less health aid. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple method for spectral evaluation of radiant energy emitted from far infrared heaters
Authors: Ogasawara Nagahisa , Kimura Yoshitaka 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is necessary to know the spectral emissivity of a heater to ensure efficient heating. This paper proposes a useful method for spectral evaluation of radiation energy emitted from far infrared heaters. The measurement device consists of one radiometer and two band‐pass filters. In order to confirm the experimental results, numerical simulations were also carried out with the spectral emissivity of the heaters and the respective spectral sensitivities of the radiometers. The results obtained by these methods show that the far infrared heater radiates high amounts of energy in the far infrared region even at high temperature. It means far infrared heaters can transmit power effectively to materials which exhibit high emissivity in the far infrared region. This method can classify a type of far remote infrared heaters with the near infrared/far infrared energy ratio. By using this data, the authors also proposed a simple identification method of spectral emissivity of far infrared heaters. This inverse method can obtain a rough value of the spectral emissivity of commercial heaters while maintaining the heating conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20396
Effects of diameter ratio of adiabatic circular cylinder and tilt angle on natural convection from a square open tilted cavity
Authors: Saha Sumon , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim , Khan Waqar Ahmed , Mohammed H.A. , Pakdee Watit , Hasanpour Arman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA numerical analysis is carried out to study the performance of natural convection inside a square open tilted cavity filled with air. An adiabatic circular solid cylinder is placed at the center of the cavity and the sidewall in front of the breathing space is heated by a constant heat flux. The top and bottom walls are kept at the ambient constant temperature. Two‐dimensional forms of Navier–Stokes equations along with the energy equations are solved using the Galerkin finite element method. Results are obtained for a range of Grashof numbers from 103 to 106 at Pr = 0.71 while the tilt angle varies from 0 to 45° and the diameter ratio of the cylinder is considered to be 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 with constant physical properties. The parametric studies for a wide range of cylinder diameter ratios and cavity tilt angles show significant features of the present problem in terms of stream functions and temperature profiles. The computational results indicate that the heat transfer coefficient is strongly influenced by the above governing parameters. It is also found that the average Nusselt number decreases when the diameter ratio increases. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21001
Role of Prandtl number in the interaction phenomenon of surface radiation with an opposing mixed convection within a differential heated cavity
Authors: Mahapatra S.K. , Samantaray S. , Sarkar A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA numerical analysis has been done for opposing mixed convection resulting due to wall movement and buoyancy induced by a clockwise fluid motion in a differentially heated cavity. The effect of Prandtl number (Pr) and wall surface emissivity (ϵ) has been investigated for different values of Richardson number. The net radiation method has been employed to simulate the effect of surface radiation. The energy equation along with its nonlinear boundary condition is treated with the Newton‐Raphson scheme. As momentum and energy equations are coupled with each other through their source terms, an iterative solution procedure is employed. A vorticity‐stream function formulation of the momentum equation has been adopted and solved by using an underrelaxation parameter of 0.45. The effect of Prandtl number with respect to the transformation of a multi‐cellular structure of streamline into a unicellular structure has been analyzed. For the same Richardson number (Ri) with an increase in Prandtl number, the flow and heat transfer phenomena changes from a buoyancy‐induced dominated flow to a shear‐induced dominated flow, which leads to some exciting results with respect to wall movement as well. Furthermore, the role of surface radiation in this respect has been emphasized. Nusselt number variation with the Prandtl number and surface emissivity has also been presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21003
Numerical study of ferrofluid flow and heat transfer in the presence of a non‐uniform magnetic field in rectangular microchannels
Authors: Mohammadpourfard M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation of the hydro‐thermal behavior of a ferrofluid in rectangular minichannels in the presence of a non‐uniform magnetic field using a two‐phase mixture model and control volume technique. Effects of increasing the diameter of nanoparticles, and channel aspect ratio have also been studied. It is concluded that the magnetic field with a negative gradient increases the Nusselt number and the rate of this increment depends on the channel aspect ratio. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21004
Groundwater age rejuvenation caused by excessive urban pumping in Jakarta area, Indonesia
Authors: Kagabu Makoto , Shimada Jun , Delinom Robert , Nakamura Toshio , Taniguchi Makoto 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRapid urbanization in the Jakarta area has become a severe subsurface environmental issue as it entails groundwater level decline and land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater pumping. In this study, apparent groundwater age rejuvenation in the deep aquifer under DKI Jakarta was found by comparing 14C activities between 1985 and 2008. We discussed the use of a numerical groundwater flow model to evaluate the rejuvenation process in this urbanized area. When considering the deep aquifer in the DKI Jakarta area, we can assume six direction fluxes toward the aquifer: two vertical fluxes (downward and upward flux) and four horizontal fluxes (northern, southern, western, and eastern flux). Results of model calculations show that the greatest groundwater flux among six flux directions became ‘vertical downward flux’, which means that shallower groundwater intrudes into the deep one because of excessive groundwater pumping from the mid‐1980s. This flux grows about 50% during the 2000s. This result is consistent with the detection of CFC‐12 and SF6, which functions as an indicator of young groundwater even in the deep groundwater. The rejuvenation ratio ‘R’ was determined using 14C activity in the groundwater; R increases with the CFC‐12 concentration and both show good correlation. Furthermore, we estimated the ‘vertical downward flux’ at each well's screen depth using model estimation. Results show that this flux is greater in the urban groundwater depression area and especially at shallower parts of the deep aquifer, and that it affects the magnitude of the shallow groundwater intrusion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of in situ‐forming hydrogels by blending PLA‐PEG‐PLA copolymer with silk fibroin solution
Authors: Zhong Tianyi , Deng Chunmin , Gao Yanfei , Chen Mei , Zuo Baoqi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHydrogels had been prepared by blending PLA‐PEG‐PLA copolymer with Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) solution. Copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of L‐lactide in the presence of dihydroxyl PEG with molar mass of 400 and 1000, and characterized by using 1H NMR and DSC. Hydrogels formed leaf‐like lamellar structures with many nanoglobules which may reserve drugs or growth factors more effectively. Rheological measurements indicated that the adding of copolymer significantly accelerated the hydrogelation of silk fibroin solution which leads to orders‐of‐magnitude increase in the complex shear modulus to form rigid hydrogel. Hydrogelation kinetics could be controlled easily by changing the concentration ratio, kinds of copolymer and hydrogelation temperature, suggesting the hydrogels could be formed in situ under physiological conditions with suitable mechanical properties. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis were employed to study the structure of hydrogels. The copolymer and SF in blend hydrogels were phase separation. There was an increase of β‐sheet content and formation of silk II structure during hydrogelation. These results may indicate that copolymer/SF hydrogels could be a valuable candidate scaffold as in situ‐forming hydrogels for drug/growth factor release in tissue engineering. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.
Olfactory sensilla on antennae and maxillary palps of Fannia hirticeps (Stein, 1892) (Diptera: Fanniidae)
Authors: Wang Qi‐Ke , Zhang Ming , Li Kai , Zhang Dong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Fanniidae is one of four families in the superfamily Muscoidea (Diptera), including some important medical and hygienic flies. There is a paucity of reports on the ultrastructure of olfactory sensilla for the fanniid species. To provide more information on the morphology of the antennal and palpal sensilla of fanniid fly, Fannia hirticeps (Stein, 1892) has been studied using scanning electron microscopy. The first two antennal segments, scape and pedicel, are covered by microtrichiae and several chaetic sensilla. Six distinct morphological types of sensilla are recorded on the antennal funiculus, including one trichoid, two basiconic, two coeloconic sensilla, and one clavate sensilla. The measurement and density of each sensilla type are also provided. The trichoid sensilla tend to be longer and denser toward the apex of antennal funiculus. Basiconic sensilla spread all over the funicular surface. F. hirticeps bears two types of coeloconic sensilla, type 2 coeloconic sensilla distributed on the distal part of the anterior surface, whereas type 1 distributed on the rest of the funiculus. Clavate sensilla are found on the base of antennal funiculus. Only one large sensory pit is located on the posterior surface. Maxillary palps bear one type of basiconic sensilla. These results are compared with eight other muscid flies. Our findings provide a morphological basis for future investigations on olfactory‐mediated behavior of this group. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data assimilation of Island climate observations with large‐scale re‐analysis data to high‐resolution grids
Authors: Lin Shu‐Hua , Liu Chung‐Ming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractData assimilation is important for the spatial analysis of small regions with complex terrain and diverse climates and for interpolation among observations. A data assimilation method incorporating observations, coarse‐grid re‐analysis data and physiographical features is demonstrated to generate high‐resolution temperature data for small islands such as Taiwan. The method is also able to weigh physiographic and anthropogenic factors. Among the spatial factors, the orographic effect is the dominating factor and the lapse rate varies seasonally. Population density is significantly related to temperature, which may correspond to the urban heat‐island (UHI) effect. It is also shown that an anthropogenic factor could be used with this interpolation method to explain the details of the temperature variation. The data assimilation model provides an opportunity to assess the extent to which simple statistical regression equations, calibrated from natural variability, can reproduce climate changes driven by land effects without considering a complex climate model. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Impact of cycling temperatures on Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium graminearum growth and mycotoxins production in soybean
Authors: Garcia Daiana , Barros Germán , Chulze Sofía , Ramos Antonio J. , Sanchis Vicente , Marín Sonia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fusarium graminearum and F. verticillioides are two very important mycotoxigenic species as they cause diverse diseases in crops. The effects of constant and cycling temperatures on growth and mycotoxin production of these species were studied on soybean based medium and on irradiated soya beans.RESULTS: F. graminearum grew better when was incubated at 15, 20 and 15–20 °C (isothermal or cycling temperature) during 21 days of incubation. Maximum levels of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (39.25 and 1040.4 µg g−1, respectively) were detected on soya beans after 15 days of incubation and the optimal temperature for mycotoxin production was 15 °C for zearalenone and 20 °C for deoxynivalenol. F. verticillioides grew better at 25 °C in culture medium and at 15/20 °C and 15/25 °C on soybean seeds. Fumonisin B1 was produced only in culture medium, and the maximum level (7.38 µg g−1) was found at 15 °C after 7 days of incubation.CONCLUSION: When growth and mycotoxin production under cycling temperatures were predicted from the results under constant conditions, observed values were different from calculated for both species and substrate medium. Therefore, care should be taken if data at constant temperature conditions are to be extrapolated to real field conditions. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Bipolar radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors: Technical experience and interval follow‐up in 22 patients with 33 ablations
Authors: Baldwin Keith , Katz Steven C. , Rubin Abigail , Somasundar Ponnandai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionBipolar radiofrequency ablation (BRFA) of hepatic tumors has short ablation times and may avoid convective heat loss from high‐flow vessels. We evaluated the technical feasibility of and local recurrence following BRFA.MethodsTwenty‐two patients undergoing 33 laparoscopic BRFA were identified from September 2007 to April 2009. Lesion size, ablation times, morbidity, and pathologic presence of tumor after resection were evaluated. The ablation site recurrence rate is reported with median follow‐up time of 24 months (range, 7–42).ResultsAblation was performed for colorectal cancer hepatic metastases (CRCHM, n = 17), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 2), gallbladder carcinoma (n = 2), or hepatic adenoma (n = 1). Mean lesion size was 3.6 ± 1.3 cm. Mean ablation time was 6.6 min, ±2 min, and there was no significant difference in ablation time for lesions <3 cm (5.5 ± 1.7 min) and those >3 cm (7 ± 2.9 min), P = 0.13. In each of five CRCHM patients who underwent staged hepatic resection, there was no histologic evidence of tumor in ablated areas. One ablation site recurrence occurred in the CRCHM group.ConclusionBRFA achieves efficient ablation times using line of sight energy delivery. The short ablation times and the pathologic absence of viable tumor in post‐BRFA resected specimens support further study of BRFA as a hepatic ablation method. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:905–910. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous analogs of Schur extension problems and bitangential generalizations
Authors: Arov Damir Z. , Dym Harry 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe classical Schur extension problem is to describe the set of contractive holomorphic functions s(ζ) in the open unit disk of the form

It is well‐known that this set is nonempty if and only if the (n + 1) × (n + 1) lower triangular Toeplitz matrix A with entries aij = ai − j is contractive, i.e., if and only if In + 1 − AA* ≥ 0; see e.g., p. 79 of 5. In this paper the analogue of this problem for mvf's (matrix valued functions) that are holomorphic and contractive in the open upper half plane and bitangential generalizations thereof are studied.
Consumer Behavior in Later Life: Current Knowledge, Issues, and New Directions for Research
Authors: Moschis George P. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe aging of the Earth's populations has been creating increasing interest in older consumers among researchers, marketers, and policymakers. Yet previous research efforts have produced little knowledge to help explain consumer behavior in later life. The main reason for this limited knowledge may be a lack of theoretical and methodological bases for studying the consumption patterns of older generations. This article advocates the value of emergent paradigms and methods that are becoming increasingly popular in behavioral sciences and hold promise for studying the consumer behavior of older adults. It particularly recommends approaches that emphasize the importance of examining consumers in the context of the time and life circumstances in which they are embedded, and it builds a research agenda to help address contemporary research issues and guide further research.
Adolescent Evaluations of Brand Extensions: The Influence of Reference Group
Authors: Liu Xin , Hu Jing 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines the reference group effect on adolescent evaluations of brand extension. Three factors are important to this process: the product fit between parent and extension category (similar vs. dissimilar), the consumption type of the extension product (public vs. private), and the parent brand image (prestige‐oriented vs. functional‐oriented). An experiment with 217 teenagers generally supports the hypotheses. Results suggest that adolescents are willing to pay a higher price premium to publicly consumed brand extension product than a privately consumed. In addition, the level of category similarity enhances the consumption type effect. Managerial implications on brand extension strategy in adolescent's market are discussed.
Indications and complications of transfusions in sickle cell disease
Authors: Smith‐Whitley Kim , Thompson Alexis A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRed cell transfusion remains an important part of the management of acute and chronic complications in SCD. The ongoing and emerging uses of transfusions in SCD may have significant benefits; however, the potential complications of transfusions also deserve careful consideration. In this report we review current indications for transfusions, transfusion complications, modifications of transfusion practices to mitigate risk, and potential considerations to improve transfusion outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:358–364. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ polymerization of polyamide 66 nanocomposites utilizing interfacial polycondensation. III. Co‐synthesis of silica nanocomposites via sol–gel chemistry
Authors: Kalkan‐Sevinc Z.S. , Goettler L.A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn situ co‐synthesis of nylon 66 (PA66)‐silica nanocomposites can be accomplished through sol–gel chemistry conducted simultaneously with the nylon polymerization. Unfunctionalized silica nanocomposites and bonded silica nanocomposites wherein the inorganic silica phase chemically couples to the nylon polymer through a functionalized silane are generated via the simultaneous initiation of synthesis reactions in the inorganic and organic species. The effects of agitation and water‐to‐silane molar ratio on the courses of the inorganic and organic reactions and the generated silica morphology in the resulting nanocomposites are investigated using the tools of Brookfield Viscometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms the mechanical reinforcement of the various nanocomposites in relation to their silica content and network morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ink formulation and low‐temperature incorporation of sodium to yield 12% efficient Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells from sulfide nanocrystal inks
Authors: Guo Qijie , Ford Grayson M. , Agrawal Rakesh , Hillhouse Hugh W. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTSolution phase deposition methods offer great potential for low‐cost photovoltaic device fabrication. We have previously developed a method for copper indium gallium disulfoselenide (CIGSSe) device fabrication based on drop‐casting copper indium gallium disulfide (CIGS) nanocrystals in a toluene or hexane‐based ink followed by chalcogen exchange in elemental selenium vapor at 500 °C. By starting with the chalcopyrite or sphaelerite phase of CIGS nanocrystals with controlled stoichiometry, superior composition uniformity can be achieved inherently. Here, we present a dramatic improvement in ink formulation using alkanethiol as the solvent, which enables the ability to create uniform nanocrystal coatings over large areas using a simple knife coating technique. In addition, we show a major improvement in device performance by a simple and low‐temperature method of incorporating sodium into the CIGSSe film based on soaking the films in aqueous NaCl solution. The addition of sodium plays an important role in improving the structural properties of the resulting CIGSSe films, where large and densely packed grain can be obtained. The improved film morphology significantly reduces recombination losses in the resulting device leading to a dramatically enhanced device performance. With the use of standard glass/Mo/CIGSSe/CdS/i‐ZnO/ITO device structure, photovoltaic devices yield total area power conversion efficiency as high as 12.0% under AM1.5 illumination without an anti‐reflection coating. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.