bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Shears Decrease Postoperative Hematomas in Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Authors: Danielian Arman , Razfar Ali , Labib Manwel T. , Seth Rahul , Nabili Vishad , Blackwell Keith E. , Kerr Rhorie P.R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate postoperative hematoma and takeback rates in a large series of microvascular reconstructions. We sought to determine whether the use of ultrasonic shears reduced these rates.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral hospital.MethodsA total of 2288 patients undergoing free flap reconstruction for head and neck defects between 1995 and 2022 were reviewed. Patients undergoing dissection with and without ultrasonic shears were compared to determine postoperative hematoma and takeback rates.ResultsThe overall hematoma rate was 1.3% (29/2288) for the entire cohort. The postoperative hematoma rates with and without ultrasonic shears were 0.63% (9/1418) and 2.3% (20/870), relative risk = 0.28, P = .0015. Of 870 patients undergoing surgery without ultrasonic shears, 14 (1.61%) were taken back to the operating room for control of bleeding compared to 8 of 1418 (0.56%) in the ultrasonic shears cohort.ConclusionOur large series of patients undergoing microvascular reconstruction shows a decrease in postoperative hematoma rate and takeback for bleeding with the adoption of ultrasonic shears. Ultrasonic shears are an effective tool that can help decrease perioperative morbidity secondary to hematoma after head and neck tumor resection and microvascular reconstruction.
Linking perceived job insecurity and work passion: The mediating role of mindful self‐care in academic staff
Authors: Elemo Aman S. , Ahmed Abdulatif H. , Kara Ergün 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSelf‐care is proactive action that involves a repertoire of practices aimed at developing, maintaining and improving physical health and mental well‐being. Although there is a growing number of studies on mindfulness in a variety of academic fields, there is a dearth of studies that look at academics' mindful self‐care in relation to job insecurity and work passion in the higher education institutions. This study aims to examine how job insecurity is related to academic staff's work passion in Ethiopia. It also looks at the role of mindful self‐care in lessening the impact of job insecurity. A cross‐sectional study was carried out, and snowball sampling was used to collect data from a total of 251 academics, ranging in age from 23 to 66 years, who voluntarily consented to participate in the self‐report survey. Job insecurity was inversely related to passion for work and mindful self‐care. Mindful self‐care was a mediator in the link between job insecurity and passion for work. The study encourages workplace mental health professionals to consider the role of mindful self‐care in their psychological intervention programs aimed at minimizing job insecurity and increasing passion for work.
Novel Azidobenzohydrazide Schiff Bases: Unveiling Effective Synthesis Strategy and Antimicrobial Efficacy Evaluation
Authors: Hamasharif Muslih S. , Rasul Braiem Rostam , Dilawer Issa Kovan , Erfan Omar Shahnaz , Amin Hawraz Ibrahim M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBenzohydrazide analogues are interesting compounds in the field of pharmaceutical, medicinal chemistry, and coordination chemistry, since they are diverse in biological activities, and they are contributing in medicines and drugs. In the present paper, a series of 4‐azido‐N’‐(benzylidene)benzohydrazides have been synthesized with excellent yields via a four steps procedure from amino benzoic acid as the starting substrate. The products have been fully characterized and their antimicrobial activity evaluated by disc diffusion procedure. Notably, such compounds exhibits activity against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria and fungi.
Chemical Reaction of FA Cations Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Baohua , Hui Wei , Zhao Qiangqiang , Zhang Yuezhou , Kang Xinxin , Li Maoxin , Gu Lei , Bao Yaqi , Su Jiacheng , Zhang Jie , Gao Xingyu , Pang Shuping , Song Lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received great attention owing to a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) over the last decade. However, the deficit of long‐term stability is a major obstacle to the implementation of PSCs in commercialization. The defects in perovskite films are considered as one of the primary causes. To address this issue, isocyanic acid (HNCO) is introduced as an additive into the perovskite film, in which the added molecules form covalent bonds with FA cations via a chemical reaction. This chemical reaction gives rise to an efficient passivation on the perovskite film, resulting in an improved film quality, a suppressed non‐radiation recombination, a facilitated carrier transport, and optimization of energy band levels. As a result, the HNCO‐based PSCs achieve a high PCE of 24.41% with excellent storage stability both in an inert atmosphere and in air. Different from conventional passivation methods based on coordination effects, this work presents an alternative chemical reaction for defect passivation, which opens an avenue toward defect‐mitigated PSCs showing enhanced performance and stability.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Natural Polyphenolic Nanoparticles for Modulating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wang Tianyou , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Zhan , Zhang Rong , Duan Gaigai , Wang Zhao , Chen Xianchun , Gu Zhipeng , Li Yiwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural polyphenolic compounds play a vital role in nature and are widely utilized as building blocks in the fabrication of emerging functional nanomaterials. Although diverse fabrication methodologies are developed in recent years, the challenges of purification, uncontrollable reaction processes and additional additives persist. Herein, a modular and facile methodology is reported toward the fabrication of natural polyphenolic nanoparticles. By utilizing low frequency ultrasound (40 kHz), the assembly of various natural polyphenolic building blocks is successfully induced, allowing for precise control over the particle formation process. The resulting natural polyphenolic nanoparticles possessed excellent in vitro antioxidative abilities and in vivo therapeutic effects in typical oxidative stress models including wound healing and acute kidney injury. This study opens new avenues for the fabrication of functional materials from naturally occurring building blocks, offering promising prospects for future advancements in this field.
Significantly enhanced ion‐migration and sodium‐storage capability derived by strongly coupled dual interfacial engineering in heterogeneous bimetallic sulfides with densified carbon matrix
Authors: Zhao Wenxi , Ma Xiaoqing , Wang Guangzhao , Tan Linglin , Wang Xinqin , He Xun , Wang Yan , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Sun Shengjun , Liu Qian , Li Luming , Chu Wei , Sun Xuping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of highly efficient sodium‐ion batteries depends critically on the successful exploitation of advanced anode hosts that is capable of overcoming sluggish reaction kinetics while also withstanding severe structural deformation triggered by the large radius of Na+‐insertion. Herein, a hierarchically hybrid material with hetero‐Co3S4/NiS hollow nanosphere packaged into a densified N‐doped carbon matrix (Co3S4/NiS@N‐C) was designed and fabricated utilizing CoNi‐glycerate as the self‐sacrifice template, making the utmost of the synergistic effect of hetero‐Co3S4/NiS with strong electric field and rich reaction active‐sites together with the densified outer‐carbon scaffolds with remarkable electronic conductivity and robust mechanical toughness. As anticipated, as‐fabricated Co3S4/NiS@N‐C anode affords remarkable specific capacity, prolonged cycle lifespan up to 2 400 cycles with an only 0.05% fading each cycle at 20.0 A g−1, and excellent rate feature (354.9 mAh g−1 at 30.0 A g−1), one of the best performances for most existing Co3S4/NiS‐based anodes. Ex situ structural characterizations in tandem with theoretical analysis demonstrate the reversible insertion‐conversion mechanism of initially proceeding with Na+ de‐/intercalation and superior heterogeneous interfacial reaction behavior with strong Na+‐adsorption ability. Further, sodium‐ion full cell and hybrid capacitor based on Co3S4/NiS@N‐C anode exhibit impressive electrochemical characteristics on cycling performance and rate capability, showcasing its outstanding feasibility toward practical use.
Effect of Temperature on Calcium‐Based Chemical Garden Growth
Authors: Knoll Pamela , Loron Corentin C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrothermal vents maintain far‐from equilibrium conditions that may have provided the necessary settings for the origin of life. To understand reactions under these physicochemical conditions, scientists have turned to the classic demonstration experiment, chemical gardens. The self‐organization of precipitate tubes separates high and low pH environments similarly to the naturally occurring geological structures. Here, we report calcium‐based chemical gardens forming in solutions containing anions of silicate, carbonate, or a mixture of the two in 100 °C and 23 °C environments. Under high temperature conditions, chemical gardens tend to have faster average growth velocities and form taller structures. We measure the composition of the precipitate tubes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and find the formation of all polymorphs of calcium carbonate along with calcium silicates.
Towards Autonomous Materials–Challenges in Chemical Communication
Authors: de Jong P. Jarne , Trigka Foteini , Lerch Michael M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Lerch group at the Stratingh Institute for Chemistry at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. The cover illustrates a robot communicating with surrounding entities using various (chemical) signals. Not all communication and signal processing are successful, hence the slight confusion on the robot′s face. The cover alludes to the breadth of and future challenges for chemical communication within autonomous materials and robots. Cover design by Dr. Kaja Sitkowska. Read the full text of the Concept at 10.1002/syst.202400005.
Community‐based rainwater harvesting management: A lesson from best rural practices
Authors: Vadikar Prashant 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWater is human life's most important natural gift to achieve health and wealth. The study attempts to trace the rural community‐based best practices to achieve water harvesting through an explanatory research and survey method. The study realized that there are various practices for water conservation in rural communities, especially in hilly regions, which enjoy numerous benefits. India has community‐based practices, including Artificial Lakes, Pani‐kheti, Kuhls, and a bamboo‐based drip irrigation system. In this study, data were collected through a questionnaire, and the benefits of community‐based water management in Dang, a district of Gujrat, India, were assessed. The case studies have revealed how water problems have been solved through community participation. It can be seen from Dang's case studies, which are also in line with the reviews of related literature, that his efforts have only had some success. The rural people, predominantly tribal, are facing a resource crunch and water crisis, and through community partnership, they can achieve desirable outcomes with the government's support. The study found that rural people have achieved cost efficiency and revenue benefits from cooperative strategies.
Back to the Roots? The War in Ukraine and Grand Theories in International Relations
Authors: Costa Oriol , Martínez Blanc Carme 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the wake of the Cold War’s conclusion, grand theories faded out of scholarly debates on International Relations. A more eclectic attitude took hold of the discipline—the celebration of mid-level theories that hybridized themes and variables from different theoretical traditions, shedding light on specific phenomena. History had ended, and so had the clashes between different views as to what its basic mechanisms were. This chapter asks whether the full-fledged invasion of Ukraine by Russia, which has done so much to dispel the last remains of the post-Cold War environment, is fostering a return of grand theoretical approaches to IR. More specifically, we want to understand if there is a consistent realignment of authors along paradigmatic fault lines, and what patterns form from the collision and coalition of grand theories.
Topics
Authors: Moreno-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on topic modelling, i.e. the automatic extraction of topics or themes from a corpus. Topic modelling goes a step further than keywords in the automatic identification of the contents of a corpus. Two types of approaches are considered, discussed, and contrasted. On the one hand, those that I dub “traditional”, as illustrated by the LDA and NMF algorithms, and, on the other, embeddings-based approaches, which largely surpass the former in the quality of results. The weakest aspect of topic modelling tools in general is the lack actual labels for the extracted topics, since all they return is a set of loosely related keywords that collectively identify the topic. In the last experiment I describe an approach that uses the power of Large Language Models to effectively derive high-quality labels for the extracted topics.
Lessons Learned and Key Takeaways
Authors: Moreno-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis short chapter discusses the most relevant concluding remarks and observations from the research put forward in the previous chapters, including those regarding sampling techniques, analysis methods of keywords, topics, sentiment, and hashtags. Given the large amount of information that this chapter summarizes, readers are asked to refer to the individual chapters that discuss each of these topics in depth.
A technical perspective on integrating artificial intelligence to solid-state welding
Authors: Yaknesh Sambath , Rajamurugu Natarajan , Babu Prakash K. , Subramaniyan Saravanakumar , Khan Sher Afghan , Saleel C. Ahamed , Nur-E-Alam Mohammad , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in industrial applications, especially solid-state welding (SSW), has transformed modeling, optimization, forecasting, and controlling sophisticated systems. SSW is a better method for joining due to the least melting of material thus maintaining Nugget region integrity. This study investigates thoroughly how AI-based predictions have impacted SSW by looking at methods like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic (FL), Machine Learning (ML), Meta-Heuristic Algorithms, and Hybrid Methods (HM) as applied to Friction Stir Welding (FSW), Ultrasonic Welding (UW), and Diffusion Bonding (DB). Studies on Diffusion Bonding reveal that ANN and Generic Algorithms can predict outcomes with an accuracy range of 85 – 99%, while Response Surface Methodology such as Optimization Strategy can achieve up to 95 percent confidence levels in improving bonding strength and optimizing process parameters. Using ANNs for FSW gives an average percentage error of about 95%, but using metaheuristics refined it at an incrementally improved accuracy rate of about 2%. In UW, ANN, Hybrid ANN, and ML models predict output parameters with accuracy levels ranging from 85 to 96%. Integrating AI techniques with optimization algorithms, for instance, GA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) significantly improves accuracy, enhancing parameter prediction and optimizing UW processes. ANN’s high accuracy of nearly 95% compared to other techniques like FL and ML in predicting welding parameters. HM exhibits superior precision, showcasing their potential to enhance weld quality, minimize trial welds, and reduce costs and time. Various emerging hybrid methods offer better prediction accuracy.
Fast parametric analysis of trimmed multi-patch isogeometric Kirchhoff-Love shells using a local reduced basis method
Authors: Chasapi Margarita , Antolin Pablo , Buffa Annalisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis contribution presents a model order reduction framework for real-time efficient solution of trimmed, multi-patch isogeometric Kirchhoff-Love shells. In several scenarios, such as design and shape optimization, multiple simulations need to be performed for a given set of physical or geometrical parameters. This step can be computationally expensive in particular for real world, practical applications. We are interested in geometrical parameters and take advantage of the flexibility of splines in representing complex geometries. In this case, the operators are geometry-dependent and generally depend on the parameters in a non-affine way. Moreover, the solutions obtained from trimmed domains may vary highly with respect to different values of the parameters. Therefore, we employ a local reduced basis method based on clustering techniques and the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method to construct affine approximations and efficient reduced order models. In addition, we discuss the application of the reduction strategy to parametric shape optimization. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework to parameterized Kirchhoff-Love shells through benchmark tests on trimmed, multi-patch meshes including a complex geometry. The proposed approach is accurate and achieves a significant reduction of the online computational cost in comparison to the standard reduced basis method.
An algorithmic approach to scalp reconstructive surgery: maximization of cosmetic and functional outcomes
Authors: Mahmood Mustafa , Eisen Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground: Scalp reconstruction requires knowledge of scalp anatomy and reconstructive options. Advances in the field have led to numerous procedures being at the disposal of the reconstructive surgeon, expanding treatment options for patients. Objective: To provide an algorithmic approach and general guidelines to consider when deciding on which scalp surgery will optimize cosmetic and functional outcomes. Methods & materials: Previous literature was searched for the last 20 years to provide an updated guide. Results: Taking into consideration the location, size and local scalp anatomy of a presenting defect will lead to optimal surgical outcomes. Other confounding factors such as bone exposure and extremely large defects will affect decision making. An algorithmic approach has been provided in this review. Conclusion: While many reconstructive surgical options are available, the best ones will depend on individual presentation of scalp defects. Location and size are first line considerations while local scalp anatomy will allow for tailoring of reconstructive options. This will help to maximize cosmetic and aesthetic considerations.
Comparing the effects of argon plasma coagulation and interferon therapy in patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Gao Yuan , Chu Weixin , Hou Lin , Cheng Junlan , Zhong Guyue , Xia Baoguo , Guo Li 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) therapy and interferon therapy in patients with grade I and II vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN).

Methods
A total of 112 patients with VaIN were diagnosed via colposcopy-induced biopsy and classified into the APC group (n = 77) and interferon group (n = 35). Clinical data including age, grade, symptoms, historical or concomitant neoplasia of the lower genital tract, indications for hysterectomy, pregnancy history, cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) subtype, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed, retrospectively. Complications and clinical outcomes were assessed at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

Results
There was no significant difference in the HPV clearance rate between the APC (53.42%) and interferon (33.33%) groups at 6 months after treatment. However, the 12-month follow-up of the APC group showed a significantly higher HPV clearance rate as compared to the interferon group (87.67% vs. 51.52%, P < 0.05). The APC group exhibited a significantly higher cure rate (79.22% vs. 40.0%) and lower persistence rate (12.99% vs. 37.14%) than the interferon group (P < 0.05). Adverse reaction analysis revealed that the primary reaction in the APC group was vaginal drainage, in contrast to the increased vaginal discharge in the interferon group; though the difference was significant (68.83% vs. 28.57%, P < 0.05), no serious complications were observed.

Conclusions
Treatment with APC is a safe and more effective procedure against VaIN I and II, compared to interferon. APC may serve as a viable alternative to other physiotherapies.
Incidence and clinical features of endometriosis in 2484 consecutive female patients undergoing appendectomy for suspected appendicitis—a retrospective analysis
Authors: Schrempf M. , Kirmair M.-A. , Mair A. , Hoffmann M. , Dannecker C. , Anthuber M. , Anthuber L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Endometriosis is a common condition affecting 5 to 10% of women of childbearing age. The true incidence of endometriosis of the appendix is currently unknown. Since symptoms often overlap with those of acute appendicitis, endometriosis of the appendix presents a diagnostic challenge in the emergency department.
This large retrospective study investigates the incidence and perioperative clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings, as well as possible differences between patients with and without endometriosis.

Methods
Data from consecutive patients who underwent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis without a history of endometriosis were analyzed. Perioperative clinical, laboratory, perioperative, and histopathologic findings were compared between women with and without endometriosis.

Results
Between January 2008 and June 2023, 2484 consecutive patients without a history of endometriosis underwent urgent appendectomy for suspected appendicitis. Endometriosis was detected on histopathologic examination in 17 (0.7%) patients. Signs of appendicitis were found less frequently on ultrasound in the endometriosis group compared to the non-endometriosis group (23.4% vs. 61.5%; p = 0.002; OR = 0.193; 95% CI 0.063–0.593). There were no differences in physical examination findings, duration of symptoms, degree of inflammation, surgical outcomes, or complication rates.

Conclusion
The incidence of endometriosis of the appendix in patients undergoing appendectomy for suspected appendicitis was higher than suggested by data from autopsy series and populations with biopsy-proven endometriosis. Patients with endometriosis of the appendix were less likely to have a positive ultrasound finding, but perioperative and histopathologic findings and severity of inflammation did not differ from patients without endometriosis, presenting diagnostic challenges for clinicians.