bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GONADAL DEVELOPMENT AND EGG-LAYING RESPONSE OF FEMALE WHITE PINE WEEVILS REARED ON ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL DIETS
Authors: Trudel Richard , Lavallée Robert , Bauce Éric 
Published: April 2011

AbstractReproductive processes in female Pissodes strobi (Peck) fed with a 5% ground bark artificial diet following summer emergence were studied. Females exposed to different temperature and photoperiod regimes were dissected every other week and their reproductive organs were observed to evaluate the maturation time according to the treatments. After 12 weeks, half the females were transferred onto lateral branch sections of white pine and the other half onto artificial diet supplemented with 10% ground bark of white pine, and their realized fecundity was determined. During the first 12 weeks, ovary development was detected but very few mature oocytes were found. No significant differences were observed for the maturation times between the different abiotic conditions used, but significant differences were observed in female egg-laying response on natural and artificial diets. Females that completed their sexual maturation at 24 °C and 16L: 8D laid over a 3-week period 14.4 ± 8.8 (mean ± SE) and 2.6 ± 2.6 eggs per female on white pine sections and artificial diet, respectively. Oviposition behaviour was compared with results from an earlier experiment conducted with spring-emerging white pine weevils on natural and artificial substrates. The egg-laying responses on white pine seedlings and on an artificial diet with a concentration of 15% ground white pine bark were 0.892 ± 0.124 and 0.171 ± 0.394 eggs per female per day, respectively.
LIFE HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF ELACHERTUS CACOECIAE (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), AN ECTOPARASITOID OF SPRUCE BUDWOR LARVAE, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Fidgen Jeffrey G. , Eveleigh Eldon S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe carried out a 2-year study to elucidate the biology of the gregarious, idiobiont ectoparasitoid Elachertus cacoeciae (Howard) by placing (implanting) laboratory-reared spruce budworm larvae [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)] on current-year balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.) shoots in the field, simulating low (endemic) densities of the budworm. Spring female E. cacoeciae attacked fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-instar budworm larvae, beginning near the predicted peak of the fourth instar and ending about 10–12 days after the predicted peak of the pupal stage of the wild budworm population. The mean (±SE) brood size of spring females was 2.9 ± 0.3 E. cacoeciae pupae per host. The proportion of females increased during the season, with many broods consisting of 100% females late in the season. In 1994 and 1995, the mean proportion of females was 0.74 ± 0.05 and 0.79 ± 0.05, respectively. In the laboratory, development time from eggs to adults was approximately 20 days at 20.6 °C. Adult males provided with honey water lived 43.6 ± 3.2 days, whereas females provided with hosts and honey water lived 90.1 ± 6.6 days. Spring females had a pre-oviposition period of 11.5 ± 1.3 days, resulting in a generation time (egg to egg) of ~31 days. The oviposition period lasted 76.3 ± 7.7 days during which time spring females parasitized 19.2 ± 1.9 hosts, and produced a clutch size of 4.9 ± 0.4 eggs per host, for a lifetime fecundity of 96.8 ± 14.7 eggs. The post-oviposition period was 18.5 ± 3.7 days. Throughout their lifetime, spring females host fed only (host feeding without oviposition) on an additional 9.3 ± 1.9 hosts. Approximately 2% of pupae developing from spring females overwintered, whereas approximately 95% of pupae developing from summer females overwintered. Laboratory results for summer females suggest that they may be adapted to parasitizing alternate host(s) rather than spruce budworm.
THE LIFE HISTORIES, DISTRIBUTION, AND IMMATURE FORMS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS CEPHALCIA (HYMENOPTERA: PAMPHILIIDAE)
Authors: Eidt D. C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn North America the genus Cephalcia Panzer includes 10 species. The californica group, californica Middlekauff, frontalis (Westwood), fulviceps (Rohwer), and probably hopkinsi (Rohwer), has large species with gregarious larvae which build frass nests on Pinus. The provancheri group, distincta (MacGillivray), provancheri (Huard), semidea (Cresson), and probably nigra Middlekauff, has smaller species with solitary larvae that build silk-tube shelters on Picea, Abies, or Tsuga. Two species fit in neither group: fascipennis (Cresson), a large species with weakly gregarious larvae that build frass nests on Picea, and marginata Middlekauff, a small species quite unlike those of the californica group, with gregarious larvae that build frass nests on Pinus. Californica and hopkinsi are western species, provancheri and fascipennis are transcontinental, and the others are eastern. Keys are given for larvae and adults.The immature forms are described; the larva of fascipennis in detail. Females have one more instar than males.The eggs of all species are laid on needles of the host tree with a small knob-like part inserted into the host tissue. The larvae, which eat previous years' foliage, develop rapidly and drop to the ground when through feeding. Larvae do not construct cocoons but overwinter in a cell formed in the soil. Pupation and emergence may occur the next spring, or after two or more winters in the soil.Sex is determined by whether or not the egg is fertilized, thus parthenogenesis is facultative and arrhenotokous. An exception is semidea, having thelyotokous parthenogenesis and no known males.
CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A MONOGRAPH OF THE FLEAS OF NEW GUINEA
Authors: Holland George P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew Guinea was found to belong to the Australian Region in the classical sense of Wallace insofar as its fleas are concerned. Fifty-eight species, 28 more than hitherto recorded from New Guinea, are discussed, belonging to four families. Six species, representing three families, originated in the Oriental Region or in continental areas contiguous to it, and 52 species, comprising 15 genera of the Pygiopsyllidae, had their primordial evolutionary connections with Australia. There is much endemism of pygiopsyllids in New Guinea, all of the species and 11 of the genera occurring only there, where they are mostly associated with marsupials and murid rodents. The following genera are described as new: Orthopsylloides (type: Stivalius abacetus Jord. and Roths.), Parastivalius (type: Ceratophyllus novaeguineae Roths.), Papuapsylla (type: P. luluai n. sp.), Striopsylla (type: Stivalius rugatus Jord.), Metastivalius (type: Pygiopsylla mordax Roths.), Obtusifrontia (type: O. simplex n. sp.) and Rectidigitus (type: R. traubi n. sp.). The following new combinations for described species in these genera are proposed: in Parastivalius, Stivalius gracilentus Jord.; in Papuapsylla, Stivalius corrugis Jord., S. alticola Jord. and S. papuana Jord. & Roths.; in Metastivalius, Stivalius anaxilas M. Roths., S. lasiurus Jord. & Roths., and S. shawmayeri Jord.; and in Rectidigitus, Stivalius spooneri M. Roths. and S. ancisus Jord. In addition, descriptions of the following new species or subspecies are presented: Porribius papuanus (Ischnopsyllidae), Acanthopsylla aiyurensis, A. monticola, A. eudromiciae, A. bisinuata, Hoogstraalia novaeguineae, Pygiopsylla spinata, P. laciniosa bismarckensis, P. archboldi, P. smitiana, P. traubi, Traubia vandeuseni, T. peristigma, T. kuru, Orthopsylloides o. orthodactylus, O. o. owiensis, Parastivalius brassi, P. gressitti, Papuapsylla barretti, P. minor, Striopsylla vandeuseni, Metastivalius huonensis, M. rothschildae, M. tamberan, and Rectidigitus szentivanyi (Pygiopsyllidae).The hitherto unknown males of Acanthopsylla enderleini (Wagn.), Pygiopsylla l. laciniosa Roths., and Orthopsylloides abacetus (Jord. & Roths.) and the females of Papuapsylla corrugis (Jord.), Striopsylla rugata (Jord.), and Metastivalius anaxilas (M. Roths.) are described.
A REVISION OF THE GENERA OF THE SYRPHINI (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA revised generic classification of world Syrphini is proposed. It is based on a study of characters of the adults of 318 described species plus approximately 85 more species as yet either undescribed or unidentified. Thirty-seven genera are recognized; keys to these genera, and to the smaller number of genera known from each of the major zoogeographic regions (except the eastern Palaearctic and Oriental) are presented. Eight new genera, Notosyrphus (South America), Exallandra (Ethiopian Region), Citrogramma (Oriental Region and Australia), Dideomima (Mexico), Hermesomyia (Ecuador), Pseudoscaeva (North and South America), Antillus (Haiti), and Giluwea (New Guinea), and two new subgenera, Melangyna (Austrosyrphus) (Australia and New Zealand) and M. (Melanosyrphus) (New Guinea), are described. Nine new species, in Melangyna (Melanosyrphus), Citrogramma, Hermesomyia, Antillus, and Giluwea, are described. The genus Orphnabaccha is transferred from the tribe Bacchini to the Syrphini, and the genus Toxomerus (including Mesograpta) is referred to the tribe Toxomerini. Maps showing the world distribution of each genus and subgenus, and figures of the male terminalia of the type-species of almost all genera and subgenera, are presented.The peculiar nature of the Neotropical fauna of Syrphini, with almost all species belonging to two large and very diverse genera, is compared with the situation in the rest of the world, where in most major regions the Syrphini consist mostly of a moderate number of medium-sized genera each of which shows much less diversity. Possible reasons for this difference, and for the great preponderance of more primitive Diptera among those with apparent transantarctic relationships, are suggested.
A GENERIC REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN HELIOTHIDINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Hardwick David F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe noctuid subfamily Heliothidinae, which is represented in North America by 158 species, is redefined, largely on the basis of male genitalic characters. Of genera included in the subfamily in McDunnough's 1938 check list, only four are recognized as valid, these being Heliothis Ochs., Schinia Hbn., Heliolonche Grt., and Melaporphyria Grt. Helicoverpa Hdwk., which was described subsequent to the appearance of McDunnough's list, and Protoschinia which is described as new here, are also included. Grotella Harv., Hemigrotella B. & McD., and Neogrotella B. & B. are not considered heliothidine genera and are removed to the Stiriinae.Eight genera, which have been assigned to the Amphipyrinae because they lack the mid and hind tibial setae characteristic of other heliothidine components, have also been incorporated in the Heliothidinae; these genera are Microhelia Hamp., Heliothodes Hamp., Baptarma Sm., Eutricopis Morr., Derrima Wlk., Erythroecia Hamp., Rhodoecia Hamp., and Pyrrhia Hbn. Because of the close similarity in structure and habits between these genera and those previously mentioned, the two groups are considered to constitute a monophyletic assemblage within the Noctuidae, despite the discrepancy with respect to mid and hind tibial setae.A key to the 14 North American genera of the Heliothidinae is presented. Descriptions of genera and figures of the male and female genitalia of the type species of all valid genera and of many genera in synonymy are provided. Canthylidia Butl. and Timora Wlk. are newly synonymized to Heliothis, and Heliosea Grt. to Heliolonche Grt. A check list of the North American Heliothidinae is appended to the text.The possible phylogenetic relationship of the Heliothidinae to the Stiriinae is discussed. The latter group is raised from tribal rank in the Amphypyrinae to subfamily rank; a number of genera are added to it, and a provisional redefinition of the subfamily is presented.
A REVISION OF THE TROGOSITIDAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO (COLEOPTERA: CLEROIDEA)
Authors: Barron J. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe species and genera of the family Trogositidae in America north of Mexico are revised. Two subfamilies are recognized: Peltinae and Trogositinae. The Peltinae include:CalitysThomson (2 species),EronyxaReitter (3 species),OstomaLaicharting (3 species),GrynocharisThomson (2 species),LophocateresOlliff (1 species), andThymalusLatreille (1 species). The Trogositinae include:NemosomaLatreille (5 species),CylidrellaSharp (1 species),CorticotomusSharp (6 species),EuschaefferiaLeng (2 species),AiroraReitter (3 species),TemnochilaWestwood (10 species), andTenebroidesPiller and Mitterpacher (18 species).PseudocotomusSchaeffer is placed in synonymy withEuschaefferiaLeng andParafilumisCasey withCorticotomusSharp. New species areTemnochila omolophafrom Arizona and New Mexico andTemnochila rhyssafrom California and Idaho. Synonymies, keys, descriptions, collecting and locality data, and illustrations are included. A checklist places all the species and genera in the proposed classification. Interpretation of relationships of the genera and species is included. The North American taxa are associated with the trogositid taxa from other parts of the world, and with groups within the other families of Cleroidea. Relationships among the taxa are postulated. The inclusion of peltines and trogositines in a single family is upheld.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC AMAUROBIIDAE (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)
Authors: Leech Robin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA revision of the species, genera, and subfamilies of the amaurobiid spiders found in the Nearctic Region is presented. Over 10,600 specimens were examined. Eighty-seven species are recognized, four of which are allochthonous. Forty-one species are described as new:Amaurobius corruptus,A.diablo,A.distortus,A.galeritus,A.intermedius,A.minutus,A.palomar,A.pilosus,A.prosopidus,A.tamalpais,A.transversus,A.triangularis,A.tulare,A.vexans,Callioplus spenceri,C.wabritaskus,Callobius gertschi,C.guachama,C.hyonasus,C.klamath,C.manzanita,C.panther,C.paskenta,C.pauculus,C.paynei,C.rothi,C.sierra,C.tehama,Goeldia chinipensis,Pimus desiccatus,P.eldorado,P.iviei,P.napa,P.nawtawaketus,P.salemensis,Zanomys aquilonia,Z.feminina,Z.hesperia,Z.ochra,Z.sagittaria,Z.ultima. Eleven species names are newly synonymized. One new name, and seven new combinations are proposed.Eleven genera in five subfamilies are recognized:Amaurobius,Callioplus,Callobius,Pimus, andZanomysin the Amaurobiinae;Arctobiusin the Arctobiinae, NEW SUBFAMILY;Ixeuticusin the Desinae;Metaltellain the Metaltellinae;Goeldia,Titanoeca, andTuganain the Titanoecinae. The generic nameWalmusis newly synonymized withAmaurobius.Keys are provided for the subfamilies, genera, and for most of the species. Each genus and species is described and synonymies are listed. The distribution of most of the species is presented by locality records and distribution maps. A subfamily and generic phylogeny, and a short zoogeographic analysis are given. Ichneumonid and dipteran parasites and mermithid (Nematoda) worms in adult or subadult specimens are recorded for the first time for several species.
DIPTERA LARVAE ASSOCIATED WITH TREES IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Teskey H.J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper treats of larvae of 45 families of North American Diptera which are associated with dead and living trees. A key and illustrations are provided for identification of 43 families whose larvae are sufficiently well known. Also provided is a description of the larvae of each family, the type of larval–tree association, and wherever possible, notes on the life history and behaviour, and an inventory at generic or specific level of the fauna involved.
REVISIONARY NOTES AND KEYS TO WORLD GENERA OF SCELIONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNew taxonomic information is given on the identities, generic classification, morphology, relationships, and geographic distribution of several hundred species of proctotrupoid wasps. The paper is based on a study of primary types of 270 species of Scelionidae, many secondary types, and other important material in 40 world museums and private collections with approximately 300,000 specimens of Proctotrupoidea having been examined. Many genera are redefined, and generic diagnoses completed or corrected. The tribal classification is reviewed; four new tribes are proposed in the subfamily Scelioninae, viz. Nixoniini, Sparasionini, Cremastobaeini, and Doddiellini.
A STUDY OF THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE WATER MITE FAMILY PIONIDAE (PROSTIGMATA: PARASITENGONA)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA phylogeny is proposed for the 30 species groups in the 13 genera here included in the family Pionidae. The phylogeny is based upon a detailed analysis of available morphological data for larval and adult stages according to the methodology advocated by Hennig. This methodology is outlined and discussed. The proposed phylogeny provides the basis for a revised classification of the pionids and permits new insight into certain biological manifestations of phylogeny, namely habitat diversification, life history modification, and geographic distribution, in the group.Original descriptions are provided for the larvae of 41 pionid species (20 for the first time) representing 24 species groups in eight genera. Three new species, Wettina ontario n. sp., Forelia pinguipalpis n. sp., and Tiphys cooki n. sp., are described along with the previously undescribed male adult of Pseudofeltria multipora Cook and female adults of Forelia cayuga Habeeb and Forelia onondaga Habeeb. Keys and new diagnoses are presented for pionid genera and species groups. Keys to the larvae and adults, and new distributional data, are included for the pionid species known to occur in Ontario.
A REVISION OF THE GENUSSEPEDOPHILUSGISTEL (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe species of the genusSepedophilus(Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of America north of Mexico are revised. Thirty species are recognized. Thirteen new species are described:wickhamifrom the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada;brachypterus,frosti,micans,ctenidialis, andkiteleyifrom eastern North America;beckerifrom the southcentral United States; andhermani,smetanai,stephani,arizonensis,coronadensis, andveloxfrom the southwestern United States. The following species names are placed in synonymy:knoxiiLeConte andcarissimusHatch (=littoreusLinnaeus);imbricatusCasey,limuloidesCasey, andelongatusBlatchley (=testaceusFabricius);corticolaCasey (=cinctulusErichson);virginiaeCasey (=velocipesCasey); andsubtilisCasey (=debilisCasey). The speciescinctulusErichson andbisignatusHorn, formerly considered as synonyms ofopicusSay andbipustulatusFabricius respectively are recognized as valid species. The Palearctic speciesmarshamiStephens is reported for the first time from the Nearctic region. The usage of the generic group namesSepedophilusGistel,ConurusStephens,ConosomaKraatz, andConosomusMotschulsky is discussed. The North American species are divided into 12 species groups based on an examination of the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palearctic faunas. The distribution of each species is mapped, and the male and female eighth abdominal sternites and tergites, the male genitalia and other diagnostic characters, are illustrated. A neotype is designated forTachyporus opicusSay, and lectotypes are designated when necessary for all the North American species ofSepedophilusdescribed by Gravenhorst, Erichson, LeConte, Horn, and Casey. A diagnostic key for all the species exceptS.heathiWasmann is given. A brief discussion of the nomenclatural history of the genus, of collecting techniques, and of the major diagnostic characters is included.
A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OFORTHOCLADIUS (ORTHOCLADIUS)VAN DER WULP (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)
Authors: Soponis Annelle R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe classification of the Nearctic species of the subgenusOrthocladius (Orthocladius)van der Wulp is revised; keys to species for males, females, pupae, and larvae are given; 65 characters in the adult male are taxonomically evaluated; and keys to and diagnoses of the species of the subgenera ofOrthocladiusfor males, females, pupae, and larvae are given. Twenty-nine names ofO.(Orthocladius)are recognized as valid. Redescriptions of 17 previously-known species and descriptions of 11 new species are presented. The new species are:O.appersoni,O.charensis,O.clarkei,O.cooki,O.hazenensis,O.hellenthali,O.knuthi,O.oliveri,O.robacki,O.subletti, andO.tryoni.Orthocladius paradorenus(Roback) is considered as a synonym ofO.obumbratusJohannsen, andO.curraniSublette is considered as a synonym ofO.dorenus(Roback);O.nanseniKieffer andO.sordensJohannsen are considered asnomina dubia;O.bifasciatusMalloch andO.clepsydrusCoquillett areincertae sedis. Lectotypes are designated forChironomus decoratusHolmgren,O.dentiferBrundin,O.excavatusBrundin,O.lapponicusGoetghebuer,O.obumbratusJohannsen, andO.trigonolabisEdwards.Orthocladius dentiferBrundin,O.excavatusBrundin, andO.smolandicusBrundin are new records from North America.Orthocladius glacialisKieffer probably does not occur in North America.Orthocladius oblidens(Walker) is accepted as the type-species of the genusOrthocladius.
A REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN OMALIINAE (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE): 2. THE TRIBE CORYPHIINI
Authors: Campbell J.M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe tribe Coryphiini Hatch is redefined to include six genera and 18 species from North America. Two new genera are described:Gnathoryphium(type-speciesG.mandibularen. sp.) andHoloboreaphilus(type-speciesBoreaphilus nordenskioeldiMaklin). Seven new species are described:Coryphium nigrumfrom the northeastern United States andSubhaida californica,S.aptera,S.monticola,S.utahensis,S.sinuata, andGnathoryphium mandibularefrom western North America. The genusOcciephelinusHatch from western North America andPlaneboreaphilusShibata from Japan are considered junior synonyms ofCoryphiumStephens. The western North American species formerly placed inEphelinusCockerell are transferred to the genusCoryphium.Pseudohaida ingrataHatch is transferred to the genusSubhaidaHatch.Boreaphilus americanusNotman is placed in synonymy withB.henningianusC.R. Sahlberg.All genera and species are described. Habitus drawings, and line drawings of the antenna, labrum, maxilla, mandible, mentum, and labium are presented for at least one species of each genus. The aedeagus is illustrated for all the species except two that are known only from females.Of the species treated, three are Holarctic in distribution, four are restricted to eastern North America, and 11 are endemic to the mountainous areas of western North America.All available biological information for each species is included and a key is presented to aid in the identification of all the genera and species of the tribe in North America.