bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common motifs shared by conserved enhancers of Drosophila midline glial genes
Authors: Fulkerson Eric , Estes Patricia Ann 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCoding sequences are usually the most highly conserved sectors of DNA, but genomic regions controlling the expression pattern of certain genes can also be conserved across diverse species. In this study, we identify five enhancers capable of activating transcription in the midline glia of Drosophila melanogaster and each contains sequences conserved across at least 11 Drosophila species. In addition, the conserved sequences contain reiterated motifs for binding sites of the known midline transcriptional activators, Single‐minded, Tango, Dichaete, and Pointed. To understand the molecular basis for the highly conserved genomic subregions within enhancers of the midline genes, we tested the ability of various motifs to affect midline expression, both individually and in combination, within synthetic reporter constructs. Multiple copies of the binding site for the midline regulators Single‐minded and Tango can drive expression in midline cells; however, small changes to the sequences flanking this transcription factor binding site can inactivate expression in midline cells and activate expression in tracheal cells instead. For the midline genes described in this study, the highly conserved sequences appear to juxtapose positive and negative regulatory factors in a configuration that activates genes specifically in the midline glia, while maintaining them inactive in other tissues, including midline neurons and tracheal cells. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:61–75, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Types of cholecystokinin‐containing periglomerular cells in the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Baltanás Fernando C. , Curto Gloria G. , Gómez Carmela , Díaz David , Murias Azucena R. , Crespo Carlos , Erdelyi Ferenc , Szabó Gábor , Alonso José R. , Weruaga Eduardo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe periglomerular cells (PG) of the olfactory bulb (OB) are involved in the primary processing and the refinement of sensory information from the olfactory epithelium. The neurochemical composition of these neurons has been studied in depth in many species, and over the last decades such studies have focused mainly on the rat. The increasing use of genetic models for research into olfactory function demands a profound characterization of the mouse olfactory bulb, including the chemical composition of bulbar interneurons. Regarding both their connectivity with the olfactory nerve and their neurochemical fate, recently, two different types of PG have been identfied in the mouse. In the present report, we analyze both the synaptology and the chemical composition of specific PG populations in the murine olfactory bulb, in particular, those containing the neuropeptide cholecystokinin. Our results demonstrate the existence in the mouse of non‐GABAergic PG and that these establish synaptic contacts with the olfactory nerve within the glomeruli. Based on previous classifications, we propose that this population would constitute a new subtype of type 1 mouse PG. In addition, we demonstrate the partial coexistence of cholecystokinin with the calcium‐binding proteins neurocalcin and parvalbumin. All these findings add further data to our knowledge of the synaptology and neurochemistry of mouse PG. The differences observed from other rodents reflect the neurochemical heterogeneity of PG in the mammalian OB. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypertension impairs leptomeningeal collateral growth after common carotid artery occlusion: Restoration by antihypertensive treatment
Authors: Omura‐Matsuoka Emi , Yagita Yoshiki , Sasaki Tsutomu , Terasaki Yasukazu , Oyama Naoki , Sugiyama Yukio , Todo Kenichi , Sakoda Saburo , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChronic mild hypoperfusion has been shown to enlarge pial collateral vessels in normal mouse brains. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of hypertension on pial collateral vessel development after chronic hypoperfusion using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In normotensive rats, unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion enlarged leptomeningeal collateral vessels. CCA occlusion also preserved residual cerebral blood flow (CBF) and attenuated infarct size after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion 14 days later. In contrast, in SHR, CCA occlusion neither enlarged the leptomeningeal anastomosis nor showed protective effects after MCA occlusion. However, decreasing blood pressure using an angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker restored the beneficial effect of CCA occlusion on collateral growth as well as on residual CBF and infarct size after MCA occlusion. Adaptive responses in CBF autoregulation curves observed 14 days after CCA occlusion in normotensive rats were impaired in untreated SHR, but were restored after antihypertensive treatment. In conclusion, SHR have impaired leptomeningeal collateral growth after CCA occlusion, but antihypertensive treatment restores the beneficial effect of CCA occlusion on collateral circulation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The case for blood–brain barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jeynes Brian , Provias John 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to a progressive loss of integrative and memory capacities of the brain. This is the predominant form of neurodegenerative dementia, with a growing prevalence of between 1 in 50 and 1 in 100 in North America. Numerous hypotheses related to the etiology of AD have developed over the years. However, among the various published hypotheses, the predominant one is related to the progressive and prominent accumulation of central nervous system β‐amyloid peptide and the ensuing brain burden created. It is, therefore, important to consider the homeostatic mechanisms underlying β‐amyloid transport dynamics between the brain and blood vascular compartments. As well, there is a dynamic interrelationship between soluble and insoluble forms of the peptide. Factors that underlie and regulate these dynamic processes are likely relevant to the end accumulation of β‐amyloid peptide in the brain compartment and ultimately in insoluble forms, which is characteristic of, and significant for, the pathophysiology of the Alzheimer's brain. Significantly, and in particular relation to the amyloid burden theory mentioned above, it has been postulated that a dysfunctioning blood–brain barrier (BBB) may play a significant, if not critical, role in the pathogenesis of AD. By allowing the influx of injurious materials or agents into the brain or by impeding or blocking the efflux of those materials and/or agents, BBB‐related neuronopathies and their associated sequelae could, and do, ensue. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gute Qualitätssicherung oder niedrige Herstellkosten?
Authors: Nufer Daniel , Braunsteiner Arnold 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Kunden fordern heutzutage absolut fehlerfreie Ware. Für die Produzenten ist daher eine gut funktionierende Ausgangsprüfung oder Überprüfung der Produktionsschritte im Sinne eines durchgängigen Qualitätsmanagements immer wichtiger. Methoden wie die Kaizen, Six Sigma oder eine Nullfehlerstrategie helfen den Produktionsprozess zu verbessern. Die Qualitätsprüfung wird zunehmend automatisiert und eine 100% Kontrolle liefert alle relevanten Informationen.
Lasertechnik vergleichen
Authors: Rütering Markus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNachdem in den letzten Jahren viele verschiedene Konzepte für Hochleistungslaser in der Materialbearbeitung getestet und eingeführt wurden, kommt es immer häufiger zu der Situation, dass mehrere technische Lösungsansätze zur Verfügung stehen. Anwender sind in diesem Zusammenhang oft unsicher, welche der Technologien für ihren Einsatz die optimale ist. Auch die Anwendungsbreite hat sich inzwischen vom klassischen Schneiden und Schweißen entsprechend erweitert, die Zahl der Freiheitsgrade einer geplanten Installation nimmt entsprechend zu. In diesem Beitrag soll aufgezeigt werden, mit welchen grundsätzlichen Faktoren man sich dabei auseinandersetzen kann oder sogar muss.
Wir müssen chinesischer werden
Authors: Thoß Andreas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWer heute in Deutschland sein Geld mit Hochtechnologie verdienen will, der muss nicht nur die Krisen überstehen, sondern auch die neuen Märkte der Welt verstehen und erobern. Andres Thoß sprach mit Peter von Jan, einem der Gründer der Raylase AG, über dessen Erfahrungen auf diesem Weg.
Biharmonic hypersurfaces in 4‐dimensional space forms
Authors: Balmuş Adina , Montaldo Stefano , Oniciuc Cezar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe investigate proper biharmonic hypersurfaces with at most three distinct principal curvatures in space forms. We obtain the full classification of proper biharmonic hypersurfaces in 4‐dimensional space forms (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins from human blood
Authors: Zhu Peihong , Bowden Peter , Zhang Du , Marshall John G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is difficult to convey the accelerating rate and growing importance of mass spectrometry applications to human blood proteins and peptides. Mass spectrometry can rapidly detect and identify the ionizable peptides from the proteins in a simple mixture and reveal many of their post‐translational modifications. However, blood is a complex mixture that may contain many proteins first expressed in cells and tissues. The complete analysis of blood proteins is a daunting task that will rely on a wide range of disciplines from physics, chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, electromagnetic instrumentation, mathematics and computation. Therefore the comprehensive discovery and analysis of blood proteins will rank among the great technical challenges and require the cumulative sum of many of mankind's scientific achievements together. A variety of methods have been used to fractionate, analyze and identify proteins from blood, each yielding a small piece of the whole and throwing the great size of the task into sharp relief. The approaches attempted to date clearly indicate that enumerating the proteins and peptides of blood can be accomplished. There is no doubt that the mass spectrometry of blood will be crucial to the discovery and analysis of proteins, enzyme activities, and post‐translational processes that underlay the mechanisms of disease. At present both discovery and quantification of proteins from blood are commonly reaching sensitivities of ∼1 ng/mL. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 30:685–732, 2011
Quality and quantity: An audit of urodynamics practice in relation to newly published National Standards
Authors: Moore K.C. , Emery S.J. , Lucas M.G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo document urodynamic practice in Wales in relation to newly released National Minimum Standards with a view to influencing organisational change.MethodsThree questionnaires, evaluating respectively, departmental practice, individual practice and the last 10 studies performed in that department, were sent to all departments performing urodynamics in Wales. Results 19/20 departments responded. Approximately 4,000 studies are performed annually in Wales. Three departments do not perform enough studies annually to meet minimum standards. The minimum standard of 30 studies annually is not met by most centers evaluating neuropathic patients or performing ambulatory tests. Eighty four percent of departments have a clinical lead, one quarter discuss urodynamics in the context of a multi‐disciplinary team meeting and occasional audits are performed. Fifty‐four staff perform urodynamics, of which 35 (65%) have attended a course. Ability to describe zeroing a transducer was scored out of 6 and respondents scored a median of 3/6. One hundred twenty two out of 168 (72%) of the studies audited asked a clear urodynamics question, but, in 22/168 (13%) this question was not answered. The urodynamics report was written immediately 85% of the time.ConclusionCenters failing to meet the minimum standards for workload should consider their position in relation to standards and NICE guidance (UKCS, NICE). In particular, departments should give attention to standards described in “Good Urodynamic Practice,” establish multi‐disciplinary teams for continence management and consider greater centralization of investigations for patients with neuropathies and for ambulatory studies. Most staff attended a course, yet few can describe how to zero transducers. This raises questions about the quality of reporting of some urodynamic studies. Those that are involved in urodynamics should take part in regular CME, relevant audit and consider certification and revalidation. This audit has highlighted significant variations in practice and lends support to the application of nationally agreed standards. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:38–42, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The response of the abdominal muscles to pelvic floor muscle contraction in women with and without stress urinary incontinence using ultrasound imaging
Authors: Arab Amir Massoud , Chehrehrazi Mahshid 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAimsTo investigate the changes in the thickness of the abdominal muscles; measured by ultrasound, in response to pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction in women with and without stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsA total of 20 non‐pregnant female participated in the study. Subjects were categorized into two groups: continent females (N = 10) and females with SUI (N = 10). The change in the thickness of the right transverse abdominis muscle (TrAM) and internal oblique muscle (IOM) was measured with ultrasound imaging during PFM contraction in both groups.ResultsThere was an increase in thickness of the TrAM and IOM muscle during PFM contraction showing a co‐contraction of the abdominals during PFM contraction both in women with and without SUI. No significant difference was found in the change in thickness of TrAM (P = 0.43) and IOM (P = 0.72) in response to PFM contraction between women with and without SUI. In overall, there was no statistical significant difference in co‐contraction of abdominal muscles during PFM contraction between SUI women and healthy continent women.ConclusionIt seems that co‐activation of the abdominal muscles during PFM contraction exists in continent and stress incontinent women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:117–120, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of selected reaction monitoring data for label‐free quantification of protein modification stoichiometry
Authors: Balasubramaniam Deepa , Eissler Christie L. , Stauffacher Cynthia V. , Hall Mark C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQuantification of protein and PTM abundance in biological samples is an important component of proteomic studies. Label‐free methods for quantification using MS are attractive because they are simple to implement and applicable to any experimental system. We demonstrate that PTM stoichiometry can be accurately measured using label‐free quantification and selected reaction monitoring. Use of selected reaction monitoring is advantageous with complex biological samples and we show this approach can be used to quantify multiple PTMs independently on a single peptide.
Crystal modifications and multiple melting behavior of poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐D‐lactic acid)
Authors: Shen Changyu , Wang Yaming , Li Ming , Hu Defu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe crystal modifications and multiple melting behavior of poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐D‐lactic acid) (98/2) as a function of crystallization temperature were studied by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the disorder (α′) and order (α) phases of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) were formed in cold‐crystallized poly(L‐lactic acid‐co‐D‐lactic acid) samples at low (<110 °C) and high (≥110 °C) temperatures, respectively. A disorder‐to‐order (α′‐to‐α) phase transition occurred during the annealing process of the α′‐crystal at elevated temperatures, which proceeded quite slowly even at the peak temperature of the exotherm Pexo but much more rapidly at higher temperature close to the melting region. The presence or absence of an additional endothermic peak before the exotherm in the DSC thermograph of the α′‐crystal was strongly dependent on the heating rate, indicating that a melting process involved during the α′‐to‐α phase transition. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Single‐crystal growth: From new borates to industrial semiconductors
Authors: Wang Gang , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we present our progresses on single‐crystal growth of a variety of compounds from new borates to industrial semiconductors, reflecting our efforts in new compounds exploration, structure analysis, property characterization, flux growth, and vapor growth of industrial semiconductors. Typical examples are selected with each serving to show one theme. YBa3B9O18 and ErBa3B9O18, two members of a newly discovered series RBa3B9O18 (R = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) are found to be potential scintillation materials and laser hosts. KZnB3O6, the first borate with edge‐sharing BO4 tetrahedra obtained under ambient conditions, shows a very interesting selective ion exchange. The study of a well‐known crystal YVO4 reveals that the negative refraction (NR) is an intrinsic property of all uniaxial crystals. For technically important crystals, our emphases are placed on the study of growth methods. GaN is successfully realized to grow under very facile conditions based on a flux method developed from combining the phase relation calculation and experiments. Achievements on growth of 2–4 inch quality SiC wafers, both semi‐insulating and conducting, through improved physical vapor transport (PVT) method are also reported. A brief summary and our perspectives on crystal growth are given at the end.magnified image
2–4‐inch n‐type 4H‐SiC wafers grown by a PVT method.
Photoinduced insulator‐to‐metal transition dynamics in models for quasi‐two‐dimensional organic conductors
Authors: Yonemitsu Kenji , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Miyashita Satoshi , Maeshima Nobuya 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhotoinduced transition dynamics is studied in extended Peierls‐Hubbard models for organic BEDT‐TTF salts on anisotropic triangular lattices. For θ‐ and α‐type salts, the lattice distortion pattern in the charge‐ordered ground state governs the easiness of the insulator‐to‐metal transition. For κ‐type salts, the energy of photoexcitation in the dimer‐Mott phase determines whether the insulator‐to‐metal transition is controlled by the bandwidth or the band filling.
Modeling of light‐harvesting in purple bacteria using a time‐dependent Hamiltonian approach
Authors: Olbrich Carsten , Liebers Jörg , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe photosynthetic light‐harvesting system II (LH2) of Rhodospirillum molischianum is investigated using a time‐dependent combination of molecular dynamics simulations and semiempirical ZINDO/S electronic structure calculations. The classical simulations are performed on the available crystal structure of the LH2 complex. Snapshots of the atomic fluctuations along this 12 ps long trajectory serve as input for the calculation of the excitation energies of the individual bacteriochlorophylls embedded in the LH2 complex. Furthermore, the couplings between the bacteriochlorophylls are computed using the method of transition charges from electrostatic potentials and for comparison also using the point‐dipole approximation. With these quantities the excitonic energies of the complete system as well as the linear absorption spectra are calculated and compared to experimental findings.
High wavelength tunability of InGaN quantum wells grown on semipolar GaN pyramid facets
Authors: Wächter Clemens , Meyer Alexander , Metzner Sebastian , Jetter Michael , Bertram Frank , Christen Jürgen , Michler Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPyramidal GaN structures were deposited by selective metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) to create semipolar facets. On top of these pyramids InGaN was deposited forming nanostructures of different dimensionality according to the varying strain regions along the pyramid.We have studied the emission properties of pyramid ensembles using low‐temperature time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The observed PL spectra in conjunction with the revealed decay times indicate already the expectations of regions with different confinement on the pyramids. Changing the size of the pyramids and the indium supply lead to variations in the emission wavelength of the ensemble.Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) experiments were performed to analyze locally the emission properties all over the pyramidal structures. We have found that indeed the indium accumulates at the edges and the apex of the pyramids. Furthermore the emission of the quantum well (QW) sidewalls exhibit also a shift in emission energy which can be attributed again to a change of the In‐content or a change of the QW thickness.
Effect of molecular orientation on carrier transport in organic field‐effect transistors based on newly synthesized liquid crystalline compounds
Authors: Onojima Norio , Shintani Iki , Kitahara Shin‐ichi , Takahashi Tsutomu , Kato Takamasa , Haramoto Yuichiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe fabricated organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on the liquid crystalline compound which was newly synthesized to enhance carrier‐transport ability. Large conduction anisotropy depending on the carrier‐transport channels was observed in the OFETs fabricated using oblique evaporation, which was probably due to the anisotropic molecular alignment in the liquid crystalline films. The carrier‐transport properties of OFETs depended on the deposition rate of liquid crystalline materials. The mobilities increased up to 2.6×10–2 cm2/Vs as the deposition rates decreased. To estimate the degree of molecular orientation in liquid crystalline films with different deposition rates, polarization‐resolved photoluminescence was measured, and we found that the molecular orientation improved with decrease in the deposition rate. Atomic force microscopy was performed for liquid crystalline films with different deposition rates, and we did not observe large differences of surface features depending on the deposition rates, suggesting that the deposition rate influenced more significantly on the molecular orientation than the surface features in the liquid crystalline films. Therefore, it is assumed that the carrier‐transport properties of OFETs were enhanced by improving the molecular orientation in the liquid crystalline films. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hopping relaxation of photo‐excited excitons in Ga(NAsP) bulk structure
Authors: Jandieri K. , Jurecka C. , Ohlmann J. , Beyer A. , Kunert B. , Baranovskii S.D. , Volz K. , Stolz W. , Gebhard F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe photoluminescence behavior of Ga(NAsP) compound material lattice matched to silicon for solar cell applications is studied experimentally and theoretically. The temperature‐dependent PL spectra show some peculiarities that can not be described by the conventional theoretical model assuming the single energy and spatial scales of disorder. The extended theoretical model is suggested taking into account the hopping relaxation of photo‐excited excitons in two‐scaled disorder potential.The results of Monte‐Carlo simulation based on the extended theoretical model are in good agreement with experimental observations. Comparison of simulated and experimental results reveals the universal relations between the experimentally observed PL features and the energy scales of disorder (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)