bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structures and spectral properties of new Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of monensic acid with different coordination modes of the ligand
Authors: Ivanova Juliana , Pantcheva Ivayla , Mitewa Mariana , Simova Svetlana , Mayer-Figge Heike , Sheldrick William 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The single crystal X-ray structures and the spectroscopic properties of complexes of monensic acid (C36H62O11·H2O) with toxic metal ions of Cd(II) and Hg(II) are discussed. The cadmium(II) complex (1) is of composition [Cd(C36H61O11)2(H2O)2] and crystallizes in the monoclinic system (space group P2(1), Z = 2) with a = 12.4090(8), b = 24.7688(16), c = 14.4358(11) Å, β = 91.979(7)°. Two ligand monoanions are bound in a bidentate coordination mode to Cd(II) via the carboxylate and the primary hydroxyl oxygens occupying the equatorial plane of the complex. The axial positions of the inner coordination sphere of Cd(II) are filled by two water molecules additionally engaged in intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The Hg(II) complex (2), [Hg(C36H60O11)(H2O)], crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), Z = 4) with a = 12.7316(2), b = 16.4379(3), c = 18.7184(4) Å. The monensic acid reacts with Hg(II) in a tetradentate coordination manner via both oxygen atoms of the carboxylate function and oxygens of two hydroxyl groups. The twofold negative charge of the ligand is achieved by deprotonation of carboxylic and secondary hydroxyl groups located at the opposite ends of the molecule. Hg(II) is surrounded by five oxygen atoms in a distorted square pyramidal molecular geometry.
A computational NPA and NMR study of Li-capped armchair GaN nanotubes
Authors: Seif Ahmad , Ahmadi Temer 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The geometrical structure, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters and natural population analysis (NPA) of the H-capped (raw) and Li-capped armchair single-walled gallium nitride nanotubes (GaNNTs) are computed and reported for the first time. Our results show that the variation of isotropic chemical shielding (ICS) parameters at the sites of 15N and 71Ga along the length of both models-raw and Li-capped- are reversed. The calculations were carried out with B3LYP-DFT method and 6–31G (d) standard basis sets using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs.
Two Concepts of Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Coady David 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTI describe two concepts of epistemic injustice. The first of these concepts is explained through a critique of Alvin Goldman's veritistic social epistemology. The second is closely based on Miranda Fricker's concept of epistemic injustice. I argue that there is a tension between these two forms of epistemic injustice and tentatively suggest some ways of resolving the tension.
Epistemic Identities
Authors: Alcoff Linda Martín 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the significant strengths of Fricker's account, and then develops the following questions. Can volitional epistemic practice correct for non-volitional prejudices? How can we address the structural causes of credibility-deflation? Are the motivations behind identity prejudice mostly other-directed or self-directed? And does Fricker aim for neutrality vis-à-vis identity, in which case her account conflicts with standpoint theory?
Comments on Miranda Fricker's Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Goldberg Sanford 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTMiranda Fricker's Epistemic Injustice is a wide-ranging and important book on a much-neglected topic: the injustice involved in cases in which distrust arises out of prejudice. Fricker has some important things to say about this sort of injustice: its nature, how it arises, what sustains it, and the unhappy outcomes associated with it for the victim and the society in which it takes place. In the course of developing this account, Fricker also develops an account of the epistemology of testimony. Focusing my attention on that account, my central claims are two. First, at least some of Fricker's arguments against existing (inferentialist and non-inferentialist) views in the epistemology of testimony are less than fully persuasive, and the (non-inferentialist) view she ends up endorsing is not all that different from the views she criticizes. Second, her reasons for harboring doubts regarding the role of a principle of default entitlement within a non-inferentialist account are not persuasive. Neither of these claims affects the overall argument Fricker is trying to run. Rather, they suggest that Fricker may have picked more fights than she needed to in the epistemology of testimony. If so, we have reason to detach Fricker's important work on epistemic injustice from some of the details of the story she tells regarding the epistemology of testimony.
A Novelin VivoSkin Extensibility Test for Joint Hypermobility
Authors: FARMER ADAM D. , DOUTHWAITE HATTY , GARDINER SAM , AZIZ QASIM , GRAHAME RODNEY 
Published: June 2010

Objective.The stress/strain curve derived from stretching skin is not linear, but follows a J-shaped curve. An initial generous yield is followed by a steep linear phase where considerable additional force is required to achieve modest increases in deformation. The former represents the taking up of slack resulting from the alignment of dermal collagen bundles in the line of force, while the gradient of the latter represents Young’s modulus for skin. Skin hyperextensibility in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is limited to the initial phase of taking up slack. Skin hyperextensibility and joint hypermobility (JHM) form part of the Revised 1998 Brighton diagnostic criteria for the benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS), considered by many to be akin to EDS-hypermobility type. JHM may be screened for using the Beighton Score or a 5-point questionnaire. Our aim was to validate a novel method of measuring skin extensibility based on these observations in addition to revalidating the 5-point questionnaire.Methods.250 volunteers (131 female), median age 39 years (range 18–89 yrs), without BJHS, had their joint mobility evaluated using the Beighton Score, compared to the 5-point questionnaire. A Beighton score ≥ 4/9 was considered to represent JHM. Skin extensibility was determined by placing 2 dots on the dorsum of the right hand between the second and third metacarpals, approximately 10 mm apart, and was measured using an electronic caliper. Perpendicular to the metacarpals, a force was applied until the skin was fully taut and the increment was measured. Skin-fold thickness was measured using a Harpenden caliper. A corrected skin extensibility score (CSES) was calculated by dividing the percentage increment by skin thickness. Interobserver variability was measured in a further 50 healthy volunteers.Results.The prevalence of JHM was 17.6%. Revalidation of the 5-point questionnaire returned a sensitivity of 0.85 and specificity of 0.85. The mean CSES was 23.84%/mm in the hypermobile group versus 13.55%/mm in the normal mobility group (p < 0.0001). CSES sensitivity was 0.72, specificity 0.75. The κ value for interobserver variability was 0.83.Conclusion.The CSES is a useful and reproducible measure of skin extensibility in health. Further work is warranted to validate this test in patients with BJHS.
Reactive Arthritis and Other Musculoskeletal Sequelae Following an Outbreak of Salmonella hadar in Castellon, Spain
Authors: ARNEDO-PENA ALBERTO , BELTRÁN-FABREGAT JUAN , VILA-PASTOR BARTOLOMÉ , TIRADO-BALAGUER MARIA DOLORES , HERRERO-CAROT CONCEPCIÓN , BELLIDO-BLASCO JUAN BAUTISTA , ROMEU-GARCIA MARIA ANGELES , SAFONT-ADSUARA LOURDES , PAC-SA MARIA ROSARIO , GUILLEN-GRIMA FRANCISCO 
Published: June 2010

Objective.In 2005 a large outbreak of Salmonella hadar occurred in Spain following the consumption of commercial precooked roast chicken. We estimated the incidence and risk factors for reactive arthritis (ReA) and other musculoskeletal sequelae in the patients of this outbreak in 2 health departments of Castellon province.Methods.A prospective cohort study of the patients and their families was carried out. Clinical infection with Salmonella was considered as the exposure factor. The cohort was studied for ReA symptoms using a telephone questionnaire. Telephone interviews or medical examinations of subjects with musculoskeletal symptoms were conducted by a rheumatologist. Robust Poisson regression models were used in the analysis.Results.From the cohort of 262 people, 248 (94.7%) participated in the telephone survey, 155 with clinical salmonellosis (infected), 78 noninfected, and 15 with some symptoms but not clinical salmonellosis. One hundred one infected patients (65%) reported musculoskeletal symptoms, compared to 19 noninfected (24%) (adjusted relative risk = 2.60, 95% CI 1.73–3.90). Of the infected group, 16 ReA (incidence 10%, 95% CI 6.0–16.2), 7 enthesopathies, and 2 arthralgias were detected, and zero in the noninfected group. The risk factors for ReA were age, weight loss, and duration of diarrhea. Antibiotic treatment for the infection protected against symptoms of peripheral or axial arthritis (adjusted relative risk = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.98).Conclusion.The incidence of ReA and musculoskeletal symptoms after the infection was high. The use of antibiotics for S. hadar infection offered some protection against musculoskeletal symptoms.
Elevated Cerebral Blood Flow and Volume in Systemic Lupus Measured by Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: GASPAROVIC CHARLES M. , ROLDAN CARLOS A. , SIBBITT WILMER L. , QUALLS CLIFFORD R. , MULLINS PAUL G. , SHARRAR JANEEN M. , YAMAMOTO J. JEREMY , BOCKHOLT H. JEREMY 
Published: June 2010

Objective.Studies that have examined abnormalities in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reported CBF relative to a region assumed to be normal in the brain. We examined the absolute differences in both regional CBF and cerebral blood volume (CBV) between patients with SLE and healthy controls.Methods.CBF and CBV were measured with dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a technique that provides an alternative to radionuclide perfusion studies and permits quantitative anatomic, CBF, and CBV imaging in a single scanning session. CBF and CBV were measured in lesions and in normal-appearing tissue in the major cerebral and subcortical brain regions. Unlike most perfusion studies in SLE, CBF and CBV values were not normalized to a region of the brain assumed to be healthy.Results.CBF and CBV within MRI-visible lesions were markedly reduced relative to surrounding normal-appearing white matter. CBF and CBV in normal-appearing tissue were both higher in SLE patient groups, with or without lesions, relative to the control group.Conclusion.DSC MRI, without normalization to a region presumed to be healthy, revealed that CBF and CBV in normal-appearing tissue in patients with SLE was higher than CBF and CBV in controls. Since this finding was made in subgroups of patients with and without lesions, the higher CBF and CBV appear to precede lesion pathology.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in a North American Native Population: Longitudinal Followup and Comparison with a White Population
Authors: PESCHKEN CHRISTINE A. , HITCHON CAROL A. , ROBINSON DAVID B. , SMOLIK IRENE , BARNABE CHERYL R. , PREMATILAKE SURAJ , EL-GABALAWY HANI S. 
Published: June 2010

Objective.To describe differences in phenotype and outcomes in North American Native (NAN) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) followed prospectively and compared to white patients with RA.Methods.Patients from a single academic center were followed over 20 years using a custom database. Data included diagnoses, year of disease onset, ethnicity, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) score, patient and physician global scores, tender and swollen joint counts, treatment, serology, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Records of all white (n = 1315) and NAN (n = 481) patients with RA were abstracted. Cumulative treatment data and clinical measures were compared.Results.Disease duration was longer in white patients compared to NAN patients (16 ± 11 vs 14 ± 10 years, respectively; p = 0.03). Onset age was 34 years for NAN patients and 43 years for white patients (p < 0.001). NAN patients were more frequently positive for rheumatoid factor (89% vs 74%; p < 0.001) and antinuclear antibody (57% vs 21%; p < 0.001). Although mean tender joint counts and swollen joint counts were similar, NAN patients had higher Lansbury scores (weighted joint count; 66.5 vs 49.7; p < 0.001), mHAQ scores (1.1 vs 0.9; p = 0.001), and ESR (31 vs 25 mm/h; p < 0.012). NAN patients had more frequent knee (53% vs 34%; p < 0.001) and elbow (62% vs 48%; p = 0.007) involvement. Compared to white patients, NAN patients took a higher lifetime number of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (3.2 ± 1.9 vs 2.2 ± 1.7; p < 0.001), had more combination therapy (38% vs 29%; p = 0.002), and had more frequent prednisone use (55% vs 39%; p < 0.001).Conclusion.Compared to white patients, NAN patients with RA develop disease earlier, are more frequently seropositive, have greater large joint involvement, and greater disease burden, although treatment is more aggressive. These differences are present early and persist throughout the disease course.
Enthesitis and Related Changes in the Knees in Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies and Skin Psoriasis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Case-Control Study
Authors: EMAD YASSER , RAGAB YASSER , BASSYOUNI IMAN , MOAWAYH OMAR , FAWZY MAGDY , SAAD AHMED , ABOU-ZEID ALAA , RASKER JOHANNES J. 
Published: June 2010

Objective.To describe enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and characteristic entheseal changes in the knees in patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA).Methods.The 56 patients included 30 with psoriatic arthritis, 5 with ankylosing spondylitis, 5 with reactive arthritis, 5 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 5 with Crohn’s disease, and another 6 with skin psoriasis. Controls were 20 healthy subjects without knee complaints. MRI was performed in all participants, emphasizing entheseal sites.Results.Both knees were studied in 45 (80.3%) patients and one knee in 11 (19.6%). MRI showed evidence of bone marrow edema in 13 (23.2%) patients, cartilaginous erosions in 18 (32.1%), and bone erosions in 9 (16.1%). Enthesitis was found in medial collateral ligaments in 18 (32.1%), lateral collateral ligaments in 8 (14.3%), posterior cruciate ligaments in 3 (5.35%), patellar tendon in 18 (32.1%), biceps femoris insertion in 3 (5.35%), medial patellofemoral ligaments (MPFL) in 5 (8.9%), and lateral patellofemoral ligament in 1 patient (1.8%). In the UC and Crohn’s patients (n = 10), 2 had bone erosions and 5 had enthesitis. In the skin psoriasis group (n = 6), one had bone marrow edema; enthesitis was detected in 5 at the patellar tendon insertion and in one in the MPFL. Entheseal-related changes were absent in the controls.Conclusion.This is the first study showing entheseal-related changes in the knees in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or skin psoriasis without clinical arthritis. Enthesitis of the knee on MRI may be an early finding in SpA.
Quasi-isometries between tubular groups
Authors: Cashen Christopher H. 
Published: June 2010

We give a method of constructing maps between tubular groups inductively according to a finite set of strategies. This map will be a quasi-isometry exactly when the set of strategies satisfies certain consistency criteria. Conversely, if there exists a quasi-isometry between tubular groups, then there is a consistent set of strategies for building a quasi-isometry between them.
For two given tubular groups there are only finitely many candidate sets of strategies to consider, so it is possible in finite time to either produce a consistent set of strategies or decide that such a set does not exist. Consequently, there is an algorithm that in finite time decides whether or not two tubular groups are quasi-isometric.
Thinner, Smaller, Faster: IR Techniques To Probe the Functionality of Biological and Biomimetic Systems
Authors: Ataka Kenichi , Kottke Tilman , Heberle Joachim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNew techniques in vibrational spectroscopy are promising for the study of biological samples as they provide exquisite spatial and/or temporal resolution with the benefit of minimal perturbation of the system during observation. In this Minireview we showcase the power of modern infrared techniques when applied to biological and biomimetic systems. Examples will be presented on how conformational changes in peptides can be traced with femtosecond resolution and nanometer sensitivity by 2D IR spectroscopy, and how surface‐enhanced infrared difference absorption spectroscopy can be used to monitor the effect of the membrane potential on a single proton‐transfer step in an integral membrane protein. Vibrational spectra of monolayers of molecules at basically any interface can be recorded with sum‐frequency generation, which is strictly surface‐sensitive. Chemical images are recorded by applying scanning near‐field infrared microscopy at lateral resolutions better than 50 nm.
In Pursuit of a Competitive Target: Total Synthesis of the Antibiotic Kendomycin
Authors: Martin Harry J. , Magauer Thomas , Mulzer Johann 
Published: June 2010

AbstractKendomycin is a novel polyketide having a unique quinone methide ansa structure and an impressive biological profile. Herein we provide a chronological overview of the synthetic work towards the title compound. Thus far, over a period of about eight years, eight groups worldwide have published on their synthetic efforts resulting in five total syntheses, one formal synthesis, and a number of fragment syntheses. Most approaches roughly mimic the biogenetic pathway, starting with an aromatic polyphenol subunit to which a polyketide chain is attached. Subsequent key steps include macrocyclization and the formation of the densely substituted tetrahydropyran ring, and then a late‐stage oxidation and lactol formation.
Effect of shearing stress on reflective properties of cholesteric liquid crystal films
Authors: Xiao Jiumei , Cao Hui , Zhao Dongyu , Yang Huai 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEffect of shearing stress on reflective properties of cholesteric liquid crystal films is studied in this article. Heating up a glassy siloxane cyclic side‐chain oligomer within the temperature range of the cholesteric (Ch) phase leads to the availability of its planar texture. Then, the received cholesteric liquid crystalline with planar texture is reoriented by shearing force quickly after it is taken off from the heater. The pitches change, and a pitch difference is induced by inhomogeneous distribution of stress. The SEM image indicates the pitch difference perpendicular to the substrates, and the results of transmission spectra show that the reflection bandwidth of the film obtained is broadened, and the central reflection wavelength of the reflective film moves. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl andn‐butyl acrylate
Authors: Srinivasan Sriraj , Kalfas George , Petkovska Violeta I. , Bruni Christopher , Grady Michael C. , Soroush Masoud 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article presents an experimental study of the spontaneous thermal homopolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) andn‐butyl acrylate (nBA) in the absence of any known added initiators at 120 and 140°C in a batch reactor. The effects of the solvent type, oxygen level, and reaction temperature on the monomer conversion and polymer average molecular weights were investigated. Three solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; polar, aprotic), cyclohexanone (polar, aprotic), and xylene (nonpolar) were used. The spontaneous thermal polymerization of MA andnBA in DMSO resulted in a lower conversion and higher average molecular weights in comparison to polymerization in cyclohexanone and xylene under the same conditions. The highest final conversion of both monomers was obtained in cyclohexanone. The high polymerization rate in cyclohexanone was most likely due to an additional initiation mechanism where cyclohexanone complexed with the monomer to generate free radicals. Bubbling air through the mixture led to a higher monomer conversion during the early stage of the polymerization and a lower polymer average molecular weight in xylene and cyclohexanone; this indicated the existence of a distinct behavior between the air‐ and nitrogen‐purged systems. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight analysis of the polymer samples taken from nitrogen‐bubbled batches did not reveal fragments from initiating impurities. On the basis of the identified families of peaks, monomer self‐initiation is suggested as the principal mode of initiation in the spontaneous thermal polymerization of MA andnBA at temperatures above 100°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Total Synthesis, Assignment of the Absolute Stereochemistry, and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of Subglutinols A and B
Authors: Kim Hyoungsu , Baker Joseph B. , Park Yongho , Park Hyung‐Bae , DeArmond Patrick D. , Kim Seong Hwan , Fitzgerald Michael C. , Lee Dong‐Sup , Hong Jiyong 
Published: June 2010

AbstractImmunosuppressive drugs are used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs and treat autoimmune diseases. Clinically approved immunosuppressive drugs possess undesirable side effects, including acute neurological toxicity, chronic nephrotoxicity, and osteoporosis. As a result, considerable efforts have been devoted to the identification of immunosuppressive natural products that lack cytotoxicity and undesirable side effects on bone structure. Subglutinols A (1 a) and B (1 b) are diterpene pyrones isolated from Fusarium subglutinans. Compounds 1 a and 1 b are equipotent in the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay and thymocyte proliferation assay (IC50=0.1 μM). Owing to the lack of toxicity, 1 a and 1 b are expected to be promising new immunosuppressive drugs. Herein, we detail our efforts that have culminated in a stereoselective synthesis of 1 a and 1 b from the (S)‐(+)‐5‐methyl‐Wieland–Miescher ketone and determined their absolute stereochemistries. We also present initial biological data to show the great potential of 1 a as an immunosuppressive drug with dose‐dependent osteogenic activity.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Dibromophakellin and (+)‐Dibromophakellstatin
Authors: Imaoka Takuya , Akimoto Takafumi , Iwamoto Osamu , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA new method for the preparation of quaternary chiral aminals has been developed that employs an enamide‐type Overman rearrangement process. This methodology was applied to enantioselective total syntheses of (+)‐dibromophakellin and (+)‐dibromophakellstatin.