bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the CAG Repeat Polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor Gene in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Schüring A. , Welp A. , Gromoll J. , Zitzmann M. , Sonntag B. , Nieschlag E. , Greb R. , Kiesel L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent heterogenic disorder with a familial background. Androgenic effects, determining the clinical features of the syndrome, are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), whose activity is modulated by a genetic polymorphism. We investigated the role of the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor in PCOS.In the infertility unit of a university clinic, 72 PCOS patients were compared with 179 ovulatory controls undergoing a standardized diagnostic work-up. The number of CAG repeats was determined by PCR, labelling with IR-800 and PAGE. X-chromosome inactivation was assessed by a methylation-sensitive assay.Compared to controls, PCOS patients displayed a shorter mean CAG repeat length, encoding for higher AR activity (P=0.001). CAG repeat length correlated inversely with oligomenorrhea, a central androgen dependent feature of the syndrome (P=0.005). In a binomial regression analysis including BMI, LH and free testosterone, CAG repeat length was identified as an independent risk factor for PCOS (P=0.002).The CAG repeat polymorphism could constitute one of the genetic factors modulating the syndrome’s phenotype, contributing to its clinical heterogeneity and associated metabolic consequences.
A randomised trial comparing the laryngeal mask airway Supreme™ with the laryngeal mask airway Unique™ in children*
Authors: Jagannathan N. , Sohn L. E. , Sawardekar A. , Chang E. , Langen K. E. , Anderson K. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryWe conducted a randomised controlled trial comparing the laryngeal mask airway Supreme™ with the laryngeal mask airway Unique™ in children. Fifty children presenting for elective surgery were randomly assigned to receive either the laryngeal mask airway Supreme or laryngeal mask airway Unique. The outcomes measured were airway leak pressure, ease and time for insertion, insertion success rate, fibreoptic examination, incidence of gastric insufflation, ease of gastric tube placement through the laryngeal mask airway Supreme, quality of airway during anaesthetic maintenance and complications. Median (IQR [range]) time to successful device placement was shorter with the laryngeal mask airway Unique, 14.5 [13.5–16.3 (10.0–23.6)] s than with the laryngeal mask airway Supreme, 17.4 [14.8–19.8 (11.5–29.2)] s; p = 0.007. Median (IQR [range]) airway leak pressures for the laryngeal mask airway Supreme and laryngeal mask airway Unique were 20 [16–21 (12–22)] cmH2O and 15 [14–18 (10–24)] cmH2O, respectively (p = 0.001). The incidence of gastric insufflation was lower with the laryngeal mask airway Supreme (zero vs six patients), p = 0.01. In conclusion, the laryngeal mask airway Supreme performed as well as the laryngeal mask airway Unique and is a useful alternative for airway maintenance, particularly in children who require evacuation of gastric contents during anaesthesia.
Feasibility of an obesity intervention for paediatric primary care targeting parenting and children: Helping HAND
Authors: O'Connor T. M. , Hilmers A. , Watson K. , Baranowski T. , Giardino A. P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  The primary care setting offers the opportunity to reach children and parents to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviours, and improve weight status among children.Objective  Test the feasibility of Helping HAND (Healthy Activity and Nutrition Directions), an obesity intervention for 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children in primary care clinics.Methods  A randomized controlled pilot study of Helping HAND, a 6‐month intervention, targeted children with body mass index 85–99%tile and their parents. Intervention group attended monthly sessions and self‐selected child behaviours and parenting practices to change. Control group received regular paediatric care and was wait‐listed for Helping HAND. Session completion, participant satisfaction, child anthropometrics, dietary intake, physical activity, TV viewing and behaviour‐specific parenting practices were measured pre and post intervention.Results  Forty parent–child dyads enrolled: 82.5% were Hispanic, 80% had a girl and 65% reported income ≤$30 000/year. There was 20% attrition from Helping HAND (attended <4/6 sessions). Families self‐selected 4.35 (SD 1.75) behaviours to target during the 6‐month programme and each of the seven behaviours was selected by 45–80% of the families. There were no between group differences in the child's body mass index z‐score, dietary intake or physical activity post intervention. Intervention group viewed 14.9 (SE 2.3) h/week of TV post intervention versus control group 23.3 (SE 2.4) h/week (P < 0.05).Conclusion  Helping HAND is feasible, due to low attrition, good programme attendance, and clinically relevant improvements in some child and parenting behaviours.
Effect of intracanal dentine wettability on human dental pulp cell attachment
Authors: Huang X. , Zhang J. , Huang C. , Wang Y. , Pei D. 
Published: November 2011

Huang X, Zhang J, Huang C, Wang Y, Pei D. Effect of intracanal dentine wettability on human dental pulp cell attachment. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 346–353, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the effect of intracanal dentine wettability on human dental pulp cell (HDPC) attachment after application of endodontic irrigants.Methodology  Twenty extracted human premolar teeth with straight canals were sectioned at the apical and coronal thirds of each root, and the remaining mid‐root portions were bisected longitudinally. After polishing, the specimens were divided into two groups for wettability and cell attachment measurements, respectively. The intracanal surface wettability was assessed by atomic force microscopy after a rinse of H2O (control), 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and MTAD (n = 5). Additionally, HDPCs were seeded onto the irrigated root canal dentine and the cell attachment was evaluated by calcein‐CAM and propidium iodide (PI) dying under fluorescence microscope (n = 5). Data were analysed by means of one‐way anova and LSD test.Results  Compared with the control group, 5.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and MTAD treatment significantly increased surface wettability (P < 0.001). The rank order of adhesion force was MTAD >17% EDTA >5.25% NaOCl > H2O. The highest average numbers of viable HDPCs were observed on the root canals irrigated with MTAD, followed by the 17% EDTA group (P < 0.001), and the lowest average numbers of viable cells were detected in the 5.25% NaOCl and H2O groups.Conclusions  Surface wettability was affected by the irrigants. Increasing in wettability produced higher levels of HDPC attachment to irrigated dentine.
Advantages of immunoglobulin Y for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A in a double‐antibody sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Mizutani Noriko , Sugita‐Konishi Yoshiko , Omoe Katsuhiko , Shinagawa Kunihiro , Kawakami Hiroshi , Kanno Shinji , Sugiyama Kei‐ichi , Kamata Yoichi 
Published: November 2011

SummaryTo determine the amounts of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a novel and sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Protein A, which is produced by Staphylococcus aureus, interferes with the reaction between SEA and anti‐SEA immunoglobulin G (IgG), resulting in a false‐positive reaction. Chicken IgY was introduced as a capture antibody in the sandwich ELISA system, as IgY binds less efficiently to protein A. When the anti‐SEA IgG antibody was used as the capture and detection antibodies (IgG‐IgG ELISA), the background levels of protein A increased, thus resulting in a false‐positive reaction. A 0.01 ng mL−1 concentration of protein A significantly increased the absorbance value of the blank wells. When the anti‐SEA IgY antibody was used as the capture antibody, 1000 ng mL−1 of protein A did not affect the absorbance value. The ELISA system using anti‐SEA IgY as a capture antibody and anti‐SEA IgG as a detection antibody (IgY‐IgG ELISA) showed a detection limit of <0.25 ng mL−1 and a creditability of R2 = 0.98. These findings demonstrate the advantage of chicken IgY for the detection of SEA by means of double‐antibody sandwich ELISA.
The influence of additives on properties of heat‐induced gels from salt‐soluble proteins extracted from goose
Authors: Pan Daodong , Cao Jinxuan , Wang Lili , Zeng Xiaoqun 
Published: November 2011

SummaryCalcium chloride (CaCl2) and phosphates are important additives to improve product quality during meat processing. Response surface methodology was used to study the influence of CaCl2 and phosphates on the hardness, water‐holding capacity (WHC) and ultra‐structure of salt‐soluble goose meat protein gels. The results show that the hardness and WHC of salt‐soluble protein gels increased significantly when CaCl2 concentration was increased and phosphates were added. Scanning electron microscopy showed that tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) had a greater impact on the cross‐linking and pore diameter of the gel networks than sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). At the 0.02 m and 4:3:2 of CaCl2 concentration and the ratio of TSPP, SHMP and STPP, hardness and WHC values were 114.55 gf and 96.65%, which corresponded to the prediction value of our model. Further results showed that the hardness and WHC of gels reached the maximum with 0.3% of phosphates levels.
Skim milk cryoconcentration as affected by the thawing mode: gravitational vs. microwave‐assisted
Authors: Aider Mohammed , Ounis Wassef Ben 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn the present study, skim milk was successfully cryoconcentrated up to 43.72 ± 0.69% (w/w) total dry matter after four cryoconcentration cycles. Total proteins were concentrated up to 22.49 ± 0.31% (w/w). It was found that the cryoconcentrated skim milk fraction was rich in potassium ions. The effect of the cryoconcentration cycle and thawing mode on process efficiency was studied. The obtained data showed that the cryoconcentration cycle effect was significant (P < 0.001). The thawing mode (gravitational and microwave assisted thawing) had no effect on process efficiency. However, the microwave assisted thawing mode was more efficient regarding to the time needed to obtain the desired thawed fraction. To achieve high process efficiency, three cryoconcentration cycles were sufficient since the process efficiency drastically decreased after this cycle. The concentration of the dry mater entrapped in the ice fraction was the highest at the fourth cryoconcentration cycle.
A combination of clinical and microbiological management of generalized aggressive periodontitis in primary teeth. A case report
Authors: CUNHA ROBSON F. , MACHADO ALESSANDRA C. , WATANABE SIMONE , FREIRE ISABELLE R. , GOIATO MARCELO C. , JÚNIOR ELERSON G.‐J. 
Published: November 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 310–316Background.  Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) in primary teeth is a rare periodontal disease that occurs during or soon after eruption of the primary teeth. An association with systemic diseases is a possibility.Case Report.  A 4‐year‐old Brazilian girl presented with GAP involving the entire primary dentition. The patient and her parents and sister were subjected to microbiological testing to identify the microorganisms involved in the disease. The patient underwent tooth extraction to eradicate the disease and received a prosthesis for the restoration of masticatory function. After the permanent teeth erupted, fixed orthodontic appliances were place to restore dental arch form and occlusion.Conclusions.  The results show the importance of an early diagnosis of GAP and of a multidisciplinary approach involving laboratory and clinical management to treat the disease and to restore masticatory function, providing a better quality of life for patients.
Arrhenius and Gleason revisited: new hybrid models resolve an old controversy
Authors: Tjørve Even 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAim  Studies have typically employed species–area relationships (SARs) from sample areas to fit either the power relationship or the logarithmic (exponential) relationship. However, the plots from empirical data often fall between these models. This article proposes two complementary and hybrid models as solutions to the controversy regarding which model best fits sample‐area SARs.Methods  The two models are and , where SA is number of species in an area, A, where z, b, c1 and c2 are predetermined parameters found by calculation, and where d and n are parameters to be fitted. The number of parameters is reduced from six to two by fixing the model at either end of the scale window of the data set, a step that is justified by the condition that the error or the bias, or both, in the first and the last data points is negligible. The new hybrid models as well as the power model and the logarithmic model are fitted to 10 data sets.Results  The two proposed models fit well not only to Arrhenius’ and Gleason’s data sets, but also to the other six data sets. They also provide a good fit to data sets that follow a sigmoid (or triphasic) shape in log–log space and to data sets that do not fall between the power model and the logarithmic model. The log‐transformation of the dependent variable, S, does not affect the curve fit appreciably, although it enhances the performance of the new models somewhat.Main conclusions  Sample‐area SARs have previously been shown to be convex upward, convex downward (concave), sigmoid and inverted sigmoid in log–log space. The new hybrid models describe successfully data sets with all these curve shapes, and should therefore produce good fits also to what are termed triphasic SARs.
Association of distress symptoms and use of complementary medicine among patients with cancer
Authors: Ku Chih‐Fen , Koo Malcolm 
Published: November 2011

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between distress symptoms and the types of complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with cancer.Background.  Patients diagnosed with cancer have increasingly turned to the use of complementary and alternative medicine to manage its symptoms and cope with the side effects of conventional treatment.Design.  A descriptive cross‐sectional study.Methods.  A face‐to‐face interview using a structured questionnaire was conducted with 208 outpatients at a medical centre in central Taiwan. The questionnaire included questions on socio‐demographic information, disease specifics, distress symptoms and complementary and alternative medicine usage in the past 12 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between distress symptoms and the use of different complementary and alternative medicine modalities.Results.  A total of 165 (79·3%) patients reported use of at least one complementary and alternative medicine modality during the past 12 months. Complementary and alternative medicine users and non‐users were not significantly different in age, sex, marital status, education level, religious affiliation and disease‐related variables. Fatigue (66·8%) was the most frequently reported symptoms and was significantly associated with complementary and alternative medicine use (OR = 14·11, p = 0·001). Regarding specific complementary and alternative medicine modalities, chanting and enzyme therapy were found to be associated with 13 (68·4%) of the 19 distress symptoms.Conclusions.  There was no association between complementary and alternative medicine use and demographic or disease‐related variables. Complementary and alternative medicine was widely used by patients with cancer, and symptom of fatigue was most strongly associated with complementary and alternative medicine use. Chanting and enzyme therapy were the two most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine modalities that were significantly associated with the 19 distress symptoms.Relevance to clinical practice.  Health care providers should ask their patients about their complementary and alternative medicine use to avoid possible adverse interactions between conventional treatment and complementary and alternative medicine interventions, in particular, those remedies that are likely to interact with cancer medications.
Factors affecting assessment of severity of aggressive incidents: using the Staff Observation Aggression Scale – Revised (SOAS‐R) in Japan
Authors: NODA T. , NIJMAN H. , SUGIYAMA N. , TSUJIWAKI K. , PUTKONEN H. , SAILAS E. , KONTIO R. , ITO H. , JOFFE G. 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary
Consumer gender and age, and nurse gender influenced the perception of overall severity of aggressive incidents, in addition to the aggression data provided by the Staff Observation Aggression Scale – Revised (SOAS‐R) scores.
The factors influencing assessments of aggression incident severity can be identified from the severity scores provided by concurrently conducting objective (i.e. SOAS‐R) and overall (i.e. visual analogue scale) assessments.
AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with overall judgements of aggression severity as provided by ward nurses, using the Japanese‐language version of the Staff Observation Aggression Scale – Revised (SOAS‐R). Nurses who observed 326 aggressive incidents involving psychiatric inpatients at five mental health facilities in Japan provided their assessments of the incident severity both on the established rating scale, the SOAS‐R, and on a visual analogue scale (VAS), a one‐item scale to indicate overall aggression severity. To evaluate the factors influencing the VAS severity scores, a multiple regression analysis was performed, in which consumer, nurse and ward characteristics were added consecutively, along with SOAS‐R severity scores as independent variables. SOAS‐R scores explained 17.6% of the VAS severity scores. Independently from the SOAS‐R scores, the gender and age of the aggressive consumers (adjusted R2= 10.0%), as well as the gender of the nurses who reported the aggression (adjusted R2= 4.1%), each explained VAS severity score to a significant degree. Apart from the SOAS‐R scores, consumer and nurse characteristics appeared to influence the overall judgements of severity of aggressive incidents, which may be connected to decisions about the use of coercive measures, such as seclusion/restraint or forced medication.
Genetic evidence for multiple events of hybridization between wolves and domestic dogs in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: GODINHO RAQUEL , LLANEZA LUIS , BLANCO JUAN C. , LOPES SUSANA , ÁLVARES FRANCISCO , GARCÍA EMILIO J. , PALACIOS VICENTE , CORTÉS YOLANDA , TALEGÓN JAVIER , FERRAND NUNO 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHybridization between wild species and their domestic counterparts may represent a major threat to natural populations. However, high genetic similarity between the hybridizing taxa makes the detection of hybrids a difficult task and may hinder attempts to assess the impact of hybridization in conservation biology. In this work, we used a combination of 42 autosomal microsatellites together with Y‐chromosome microsatellite‐defined haplotypes and mtDNA sequences to investigate the occurrence and dynamics of wolf–dog hybridization in the Iberian Peninsula. To do this, we applied a variety of Bayesian analyses and a parallel set of simulation studies to evaluate (i) the differences between Iberian wolves and dogs, (ii) the frequency and geographical distribution of hybridization and (iii) the directionality of hybridization. First, we show that Iberian wolves and dogs form two well‐differentiated genetic entities, suggesting that introgressive hybridization is not a widespread phenomenon shaping both gene pools. Second, we found evidence for the existence of hybridization that is apparently restricted to more peripheral and recently expanded wolf populations. Third, we describe compelling evidence suggesting that the dynamics of hybridization in wolf populations is mediated by crosses between male dogs and female wolves. More importantly, the observation of a population showing the occurrence of a continuum of hybrid classes forming mixed packs may indicate that we have underestimated hybridization. If future studies confirm this pattern, then an intriguing avenue of research is to investigate how introgression from free‐ranging domestic dogs is enabling wolf populations to adapt to the highly humanized habitats of southern Europe while still maintaining their genetic differentiation.
A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the presence of gene flow
Authors: SMADJA CAROLE M. , BUTLIN ROGER K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHow common is speciation‐with‐gene‐flow? How much does gene flow impact on speciation? To answer questions like these requires understanding of the common obstacles to evolving reproductive isolation in the face of gene flow and the factors that favour this crucial step. We provide a common framework for the ways in which gene flow opposes speciation and the potential conditions that may ease divergence. This framework is centred on the challenge shared by most scenarios of speciation‐with‐gene‐flow, i.e. the need for coupling among different components of reproductive isolation. Using this structure, we review and compare the factors favouring speciation with the intention of providing a more integrated picture of speciation‐with‐gene‐flow.
Personalized mice: modelling the molecular heterogeneity of medulloblastoma
Authors: Markant S. L. , Wechsler‐Reya R. J. 
Published: November 2011

S. L. Markant and R. J. Wechsler‐Reya (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 228–240Personalized mice: modelling the molecular heterogeneity of medulloblastomaMedulloblastoma, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, is thought to arise from mutations in progenitors or stem cells in the cerebellum. Recent molecular analyses have highlighted the heterogeneity of these tumours, and demonstrated that they can be classified into at least four major subtypes that differ in terms of gene expression, genomic gains and losses, epidemiology and patient outcome. Along with analysis of human tumours, a variety of animal models of medulloblastoma have been developed using transgenic and knockout technology as well as somatic gene delivery. These models have provided valuable insight into the origins of the disease and the signalling pathways that control tumour growth. But the degree to which current models recapitulate the heterogeneity of the human disease remains unclear. Here we review the recent literature on the genomics of medulloblastoma and discuss the relationship of mouse models to the subtypes of the disease. Judicious use of existing models, and generation of additional models for poorly studied subtypes of medulloblastoma, will increase our understanding of tumour biology and allow evaluation of novel approaches to treatment of the disease.