bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Distance Interventions for Increasing Physical Activity: A Review
Authors: Jenkins Affrica , Christensen Helen , Walker Janine G. , Dear Keith 
Published: June 2010

Objective. Evaluate the effectiveness of distance physical activity interventions to establish intervention features that are key to success. Data Source. Computerized searches for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of distance physical activity interventions and visual scans of reference lists were performed between March 2004 and July 2006. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Studies were included if they (1) employed a randomized controlled design, (2) encouraged physical activity in adults, and (3) had no face-to-face contact between participants and researchers or health educators. Data Extraction. Twenty-two studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. Authors assessed the quality of the studies and coded articles according to key intervention features. Data Synthesis. This review is a systematic narrative review. Heterogeneity and poor study quality made formal meta-analysis inappropriate. Nevertheless, effect sizes were calculated for studies comparing intervention with control. Results. Overall, distance interventions increased physical activity in the short term (between-group effect size range, −.2 to .45). Print medium plus telephone contact was the most effective delivery mode. Conclusions. Poor study quality prevented firm conclusions. However, distance interventions were found to promote physical activity in the short term for some populations. This review provided limited support for the efficacy of distance exercise interventions and revealed limitations of the extant literature. Expansion of RCT research into distance approaches to promoting physical activity is warranted.
Support for religio‐political aggression among teenaged boys in Gaza: Part I: psychological findings
Authors: Victoroff Jeff , Quota Samir , Adelman Janice R. , Celinska Barbara , Stern Naftali , Wilcox Rand , Sapolsky Robert M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolitically aggressive militant groups usually rely on support from a larger community, although evidence suggests that only some members of that larger community support that aggression. A major subtype of political aggression is that associated with religious differences—or Religio‐Political Aggression (RPA). Little previous research has explored demographic or psychological factors that might distinguish supporters from non‐supporters of RPA. In an exploratory study, we investigated whether factors previously associated with aggression might correlate with support for RPA in the case of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. During the second intifada, fifty‐two 14‐year‐old Palestinian boys in Gaza completed self‐report measures of life events, emotional status, and political attitudes. Teenaged boys who reported family members having been wounded or killed by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) expressed greater support for RPA (t(50)=−2.30, P=.026). In addition, boys who felt their group was treated unjustly reported greater support for RPA compared with those who did not (t(50)=−2.273, P=.027). Implications of these preliminary data are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 36:219–231, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Aging on Interfacial Microstructure and Reliability Between SnAgCu Solder and FeNi/Cu UBM
Authors: Zhu Qing‐Sheng , Guo Jian‐Jun , Shang Pan‐Ju , Wang Zhong‐Guang , Shang Jian‐Ku 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEffects of thermal aging on the interfacial microstructure and reliability of the SnAgCu/FeNi‐Cu joint are investigated. It is found that aging effects depends strongly on the temperature. Aging at low temperature, e.g., at 125 °C, a submicron meter thick FeSn2 IMC layer formed at the SnAgCu/FeNi‐Cu interface during reflowing grows at a rate twenty times slower than the growth rate of the IMC at the SnAgCu/Cu interface. At high temperature, e.g., at 180 °C, the Cu element is found to diffuse through FeNi layer to produce the (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC and this IMC layer grows even faster than the IMC at the SnAgCu/Cu interface. Solder ball shear test results show that the SnAgCu/FeNi‐Cu joint has a comparable strength to the SnAgCu/Cu joint after reflowing, and the strength drop after aging at 125 °C is less than that of the SnAgCu/Cu joint. However, after aging at 180 °C, the strength of the SnAgCu/FeNi‐Cu joint is degraded to a low value, along with a shift in failure mode from the solder fracture to the brittle intermetallics fracture.
Investigations into the Sealing of Heat Damaged Areas by Applying Polymer Powders During Laser Cutting of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Jaeschke Peter , Herzog Dirk , Noelke Christian , Henning Bjoern , Haferkamp Heinz 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEndless carbon fiber reinforced plastics are recognized as having the greatest lightweight construction potential of all materials. Fully automated process chains for the manufacturing of composite structures are needed in order to achieve production rates and cycle times required in many industrial sectors. In this paper, a new technique, based on the in situ sealing of the kerf during high power laser cutting by application of polymer powder is presented. The degree of sealing is analyzed as a function of powder mass flow as well as carrying gas flow and it is shown that moisture uptake can be reduced compared to unsealed laser cut specimens.
Optimization of Si NC/P3HT Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Chin‐Yi , Holman Zachary C. , Kortshagen Uwe R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSilicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) are shown to be an electron acceptor in hybrid solar cells combining Si NCs with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The effects of annealing and different metal electrodes on Si NC/P3HT hybrid solar cells are studied in this paper. After annealing at 150 °C, Si NC/P3HT solar cells exhibit power conversion efficiencies as high as 1.47%. The hole mobility in the P3HT phase extracted from space‐charge‐limited current measurements of hole‐only devices increases from 2.48 × 10−10 to 1.11 × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1 after annealing, resulting in better transport in the solar cells. A quenching of the open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current is observed when high work function metals are deposited as the cathode on Si NC/P3HT hybrid devices.
Making Patterns on Graphene
Authors: Zhou Yong , Loh Kian Ping 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGraphene‐based nanostructures are considered as promising alternatives to silicon‐based mesostructures in future electronic nanodevices. The lithographical patterning of graphene, which are essential steps in any form of microelectronic processing, present interesting challenges because of the atomic layer thickness of graphene. Mesoscopic devices based on graphene require high spatial resolution patterning that will induce as little damage as possible. This research news highlights and evaluates recent developments in the nanostructuring and patterning of graphene.
Ditopic Cyclodextrin‐Based Receptors: New Perspectives in Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis
Authors: Six Natacha , Menuel Stéphane , Bricout Hervé , Hapiot Frédéric , Monflier Eric 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe mass transfer properties of mono‐ and ditopic β‐cyclodextrin‐based receptors have been evaluated in a biphasic palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji–Trost reaction and compared to one of the best mass‐transfer promoters, namely the randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin. While monotopic receptors appeared to be poor mass‐transfer promoters of long alkyl chain allyl carbonates or urethanes, cooperative effects have been evidenced with ditopic cyclodextrin‐based receptors, opening new perspectives in aqueous organometallic catalysis.
Stabilized and Immobilized Bacillus subtilis Arginase for the Biobased Production of Nitrogen‐Containing Chemicals
Authors: Könst Paul M. , Turras Pedro M. C. C. D. , Franssen Maurice C. R. , Scott Elinor L. , Sanders Johan P. M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractL‐Ornithine could serve as an intermediate in the biobased production of 1,4‐diaminobutane from L‐arginine. Using the concept of biorefinery, L‐arginine could become widely available from biomass waste streams via the nitrogen storage polypeptide cyanophycin. Selective hydrolysis of L‐arginine to L‐ornithine is difficult to perform chemically, therefore the stabilization and immobilization of Bacillus subtilis arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) was studied in a continuously stirred membrane reactor system. Initial pH of the substrate solution, addition of L‐aspartic acid and reducing agents all appeared to have an effect on the operational stability of B. subtilis arginase. A remarkably good operational stability (total turnover number, TTN=1.13⋅108) at the pH of arginine free base (pH 11.0) was observed, which was further improved with the addition of sodium dithionite to the substrate solution (TTN>1⋅109). B. subtilis arginase was successfully immobilized on three commercially available epoxy‐activated supports. Immobilization on Sepabeads EC‐EP was most promising, resulting in a recovered activity of 75% and enhanced thermostability. In conclusion, the stabilization and immobilization of B. subtilis arginase has opened up possibilities for its application in the biobased production of nitrogen‐containing chemicals as an alternative to the petrochemical production.
One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Selectively Substituted Phenanthridines by Sequential Aryl‐Aryl and Heck Couplings, Aza‐Michael and Retro‐Mannich Reactions
Authors: Ca' Nicola Della , Motti Elena , Mega Antonio , Catellani Marta 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA catalytic synthesis of selectively substituted phenanthridines is achieved through a reaction sequence involving palladium/norbornene‐catalyzed unsymmetrical aryl‐aryl and Heck couplings followed by aza‐Michael and retro‐Mannich reactions. In spite of the many steps involved the method is very simple and allows the formation of selectively substituted phenanthridines under mild conditions in a straightforward one‐pot reaction starting from readily available aryl iodides and bromides.
Modified non‐overt DIC diagnostic criteria predict the early phase of overt‐DIC
Authors: Wada Hideo , Hatada Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Kohji , Uchiyama Toshimasa , Kawasugi Kazuo , Mayumi Toshihiko , Gando Satoshi , Kushimoto Shigeki , Seki Yoshinobu , Madoiwa Seiji , Okamura Takashi , Toh Cheng Hock 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiagnostic criteria for non‐overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) have been proposed by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, but are not useful for the diagnosis of early phase of overt‐DIC (pre‐DIC). Therefore, in the current study the non‐overt DIC diagnostic criteria were modified using the global coagulation tests, the change rate in the global coagulation tests and molecular hemostatic markers to detect the pre‐DIC state and were prospectively evaluated in 613 patients with underlying DIC disease. The frequencies of patients with DIC (DIC positive), late onset DIC, and without DIC (DIC absent) were 29.5%, 7.2%, and 63.3%, respectively. The modified non‐overt‐DIC criteria can correctly predict 43/44 patients (97.7%) who were DIC absent at admission and became DIC positive, within a week (late onset DIC state). The mortality rate was higher in DIC positive compared with pre‐DIC (37.6% vs. 22.7%, P < 0.05) or DIC negative (37.6 vs. 13.7%, P < 0.01). It was also significantly higher in pre‐DIC compared with DIC negative (P < 0.05). Thus, these modified non‐overt DIC diagnostic criteria might therefore be useful for the diagnosis of early‐phase DIC. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Am. J. Hematol.
Reply to da Rocha and Rodrigues' comments on the orientation congruent algebra and twisted forms in electrodynamics
Authors: Demers D.G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe recent claim by da Rocha and Rodrigues that the nonassociative orientation congruent algebra (𝒪𝒞 algebra) and native Clifford algebra are incompatible with the Clifford bundle approach is false. The new native Clifford bundle approach, in fact, subsumes the ordinary Clifford bundle one. Associativity is an unnecessarily too strong a requirement for physical applications. Consequently, we obtain a new principle of nonassociative irrelevance for physically meaningful formulas. In addition, the adoption of formalisms that respect the native representation of twisted (or odd) objects and physical quantities is required for the advancement of mathematics, physics, and engineering because they allow equations to be written in sign‐invariant form. This perspective simplifies the analysis of, resolves questions about, and ends needless controversies over the signs, orientations, and parities of physical quantities.
Mechanical and physical characteristics of cellulose‐fiber‐filled polyacetal composites
Authors: Kawaguchi Kuniaki , Mizuguchi Kazuhiro , Suzuki Katsutoshi , Sakamoto Hideaki , Oguni Toshio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe investigated the mechanical and physical characteristics of composites composed of polyacetal [alternatively called polyoxymethylene (POM)] and cellulose fiber (CelF) derived from wood pulp [10–52 wt % (9.3–50.1 vol %)] without any fiber surface treatment. The modulus, deflection temperature under load, and thermal conduction coefficient of the POM/CelF composites were effectively enhanced with increasing CelF content, and the composites had an advantage of specific modulus compared to glass fiber (GF)‐filled POM. The flexural modulus of POM/CelF 40 wt % (38.2 vol %) was measured to be about 6 GPa, which was comparable to that of POM/GF 20 wt % (12.1 vol %). In the composites, the CelFs were distributed randomly as monofilaments, and the debonding of the interface between the fibers and POM matrices in the fracture faces was confirmed as less by scanning electron microscopy observation. The POM/CelF composites possessed lower specific wear rates than the POM/GF composites, and they had damping behaviors near that of neat POM. No clear dependence of the melt flow index of the base POM on these characteristics was observed, except on Charpy impact strength. The composites studied here were unique in their performance and ability to be designed in accordance with specific demands, and they could be potential replacements for mineral‐filled and GF‐filled POM composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Dispersal ability determines the genetic effects of habitat fragmentation in three species of aquatic insect
Authors: Watanabe Kozo , Monaghan Michael T. , Takemon Yasuhiro , Omura Tatsuo 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The dispersal ability of species and the geographic scale of habitat fragmentation both may influence the extent of gene flow between fragments, but their interactions have rarely been tested, particularly among co‐occurring species.
Population genetic structures of three species of aquatic insect were compared in streams fragmented by reservoirs and in unfragmented streams in north‐eastern Japan, using 52, 37, and 58 RAPD markers. The three species studied included a strong disperser Cincticostella elongatula (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), an intermediate disperser Stenopsyche marmorata (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), and a weak disperser Hydropsyche orientalis (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae).
The patterns of genetic isolation by distance (IBD) supported a priori hypotheses of dispersal ability. The strong disperser (C. elongatula) exhibited significant IBD only at the largest spatial scale studied (among drainages, r=0.50, P<0.01). The intermediate disperser (S. marmorata) showed IBD both within (r=0.22, P<0.01) and among (r=0.45, P<0.01) drainages. The weak disperser (H. orientalis) did not exhibit significant IBD at any scale.
Pairwise genetic differentiation (θ) indicated that neither the weak disperser nor the strong disperser were genetically differentiated above and below reservoirs when compared with reference sites. This was in contrast to previous results for S. marmorata, for which subpopulations were genetically fragmented across larger (>4.1 km), but not smaller (<2.9 km) reservoirs.
We suggest that intermediate dispersers, i.e. those at equilibrium between migration and genetic drift within drainages, are more likely to be affected by fragmentation than either strong or weak dispersers. Intermediate dispersers could therefore be used as indicator species in studies aimed at detecting the effects of distance between habitat fragments (e.g. reservoir size) for conservation planning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cartilage degradation biomarkers predict efficacy of a novel, highly selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 inhibitor in a dog model of osteoarthritis: Confirmation by multivariate analysis that modulation of type ii collagen and aggrecan degradation peptides parallels pathologic changes
Authors: Settle Steven , Vickery Lillian , Nemirovskiy Olga , Vidmar Tom , Bendele Alison , Messing Dean , Ruminski Peter , Schnute Mark , Sunyer Teresa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate that the novel highly selective matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) inhibitor PF152 reduces joint lesions in adult dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) and decreases biomarkers of cartilage degradation.MethodsThe potency and selectivity of PF152 were evaluated in vitro using 16 MMPs, TACE, and ADAMTS‐4 and ADAMTS‐5, as well as ex vivo in human cartilage explants. In vivo effects were evaluated at 3 concentrations in mature beagles with partial medial meniscectomy. Gross and histologic changes in the femorotibial joints were evaluated using various measures of cartilage degeneration. Biomarkers of cartilage turnover were examined in serum, urine, or synovial fluid. Results were analyzed individually and in combination using multivariate analysis.ResultsThe potent and selective MMP‐13 inhibitor PF152 decreased human cartilage degradation ex vivo in a dose‐dependent manner. PF152 treatment of dogs with OA reduced cartilage lesions and decreased biomarkers of type II collagen (type II collagen neoepitope) and aggrecan (peptides ending in ARGN or AGEG) degradation. The dose required for significant inhibition varied with the measure used, but multivariate analysis of 6 gross and histologic measures indicated that all doses differed significantly from vehicle but not from each other. Combined analysis of cartilage degradation markers showed similar results.ConclusionThis highly selective MMP‐13 inhibitor exhibits chondroprotective effects in mature animals. Biomarkers of cartilage degradation, when evaluated in combination, parallel the joint structural changes induced by the MMP‐13 inhibitor. These data support the potential therapeutic value of selective MMP‐13 inhibitors and the use of a set of appropriate biomarkers to predict efficacy in OA clinical trials.
Increased prevalence of M694V in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Additional evidence for a link with familial mediterranean fever
Authors: Akkoc Nurullah , Sari Ismail , Akar Servet , Binicier Omer , Thomas Mark G. , Weale Michael E. , Birlik Merih , Savran Yusuf , Onen Fatos , Bradman Neil , Plaster Christopher A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether there is a statistically significant difference in the frequency of common MEFV allele variants in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as compared with control patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with healthy control subjects.MethodsSixty‐two patients with AS, 50 healthy control subjects, and 46 patients with RA were assessed for the presence of MEFV variants. Exon 10 was analyzed by direct sequencing. E148Q was analyzed by restriction endonuclease enzyme digestion (REED) or by direct sequencing when REED analysis failed.ResultsThe allele frequency of all MEFV variants in the AS group was significantly higher than that in the pooled control group of healthy subjects plus RA patients (15.3% versus 6.8%; P = 0.021). M694V was the only variant that was significantly more common in the AS group than in the combined or individual control groups (P = 0.026 for AS patients versus healthy controls, P = 0.046 for AS patients versus RA patient controls, and P = 0.008 for AS patients versus healthy and RA patient control groups). The carriage rate of M694V was also significantly higher in the AS patient group than in the combined control group (odds ratio 7.0, P = 0.014). Neither M694V nor any other MEFV variant showed a correlation with most of the disease‐related measures examined.ConclusionWe found an increased frequency of MEFV variants in AS patients as compared with healthy controls and with RA patient controls. This was primarily due to the presence of M694V. The roles of other exon 10 variants, as well as the relationship between the variant status and the severity and clinical course of the disease, need to be explored in further studies that include sufficiently large sample sizes.
Canakinumab for the treatment of acute flares in difficult‐to‐treat gouty arthritis: Results of a multicenter, phase II, dose‐ranging study
Authors: So Alexander , De Meulemeester Marc , Pikhlak Andrey , Yücel A. Eftal , Richard Dominik , Murphy Valda , Arulmani Udayasankar , Sallstig Peter , Schlesinger Naomi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of canakinumab, a fully human anti–interleukin‐1β monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.MethodsIn this 8‐week, single‐blind, double‐dummy, dose‐ranging study, patients with acute gouty arthritis whose disease was refractory to or who had contraindications to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or colchicine were randomized to receive a single subcutaneous dose of canakinumab (10, 25, 50, 90, or 150 mg; n = 143) or an intramuscular dose of triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg; n = 57). Patients assessed pain using a 100‐mm visual analog scale.ResultsSeventy‐two hours after treatment, a statistically significant dose response was observed for canakinumab. All canakinumab doses were associated with numerically less pain than triamcinolone acetonide; thus, a dose with equivalent efficacy to triamcinolone acetonide 72 hours after treatment could not be determined. The reduction from baseline in pain intensity with canakinumab 150 mg was greater than with triamcinolone acetonide 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (differences of −11.5 mm [P = 0.04], −18.2 mm [P = 0.002], and −19.2 mm [P < 0.001], respectively), and 4, 5, and 7 days after treatment (all P < 0.05). Canakinumab significantly reduced the risk of recurrent flares versus triamcinolone acetonide (P ≤ 0.01 for all doses) (relative risk reduction 94% for canakinumab 150 mg versus triamcinolone acetonide). The overall incidence of adverse events was similar for canakinumab (41%) and triamcinolone acetonide (42%); most were mild or moderate in severity.ConclusionOur findings indicate that canakinumab 150 mg provides rapid and sustained pain relief in patients with acute gouty arthritis, and significantly reduces the risk of recurrent flares compared with triamcinolone acetonide.
Evaluating an integrated system supporting multiple information‐seeking strategies
Authors: Yuan Xiaojun , Belkin Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMany studies have demonstrated that people engage in a variety of different information behaviors when engaging in information seeking. However, standard information retrieval systems such as Web search engines continue to be designed to support mainly one such behavior, specified searching. This situation has led to suggestions that people would be better served by information retrieval systems which support different kinds of information‐seeking strategies. This article reports on an experiment comparing the retrieval effectiveness of an integrated interactive information retrieval (IIR) system which adapts to support different information‐seeking strategies with that of a standard baseline IIR system. The experiment, with 32 participants each searching on eight different topics, indicates that using the integrated IIR system resulted in significantly better user satisfaction with search results, significantly more effective interaction, and significantly better usability than that using the baseline system.