bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of initial conditions on seasonal simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey L. , Ploshay Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMany previous studies have examined the use of very long integrations of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced by observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as proxies for seasonal atmospheric predictions. These long simulations explore a boundary‐value problem in which significant deviations from the model's long‐term climatology must be a result of the SST forcing. Seasonal lead simulations starting with observed initial conditions (ICs) for the atmosphere and land surface while retaining observed SST forcing are an intermediate step between the pure boundary‐value problem and the pure initial‐value forecast problem in which SSTs are also predicted. As part of the Dynamical Seasonal Prediction (DSP) experiment, an ensemble of AGCM integrations with observed atmospheric ICs and model climatology land surface ICs was integrated from mid‐December through March for 16 years. These DSP simulation ensembles are compared to ensembles of long boundary‐value simulations from the same AGCM in a perfect‐model setting (no comparisons of simulations to observations are attempted). Significant differences must be due to the impact of the DSP ICs. Surprisingly large and long‐lived differences are found in both the mean and the variance of the ensembles. Many appear to occur because the ICs of the DSP runs are inconsistent with the AGCM climatology; an extended period of model ‘spin‐up’ is the result. Some differences are related to local impacts of the land surface ICs while others, like shifts in the distribution of tropical precipitation and a cooling of the northern hemisphere, are less obviously related to the ICs. The results suggest that care will be needed when inserting observed ICs into seasonal predictions in order to avoid the long‐term effects of model spin‐up.
MoO3 Evaporation Studies from Binary Systems towards Choice of Mo Precursors in EAF
Authors: Chychko A. , Teng L. , Seetharaman S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe evaporation rate of molybdenum oxide from mixtures with CaO or MgO was studied in the temperature range 300‐1573 K. The investigations were carried out using high temperature X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. Further, additions of these precursors to molten steel in the laboratory scale and the Mo yield achieved were determined. The X‐ray studies show that the calcium molybdate is formed from the oxide mixture in the temperature interval 773‐873 K, which precedes the beginning of evaporation of MoO3. Results of thermogravimetric studies with mixtures CaO and MgO with MoO3 as well as the compounds CaMoO4 and MgMoO4 confirm the above results. Addition of various molybdenum precursors, viz. the mixtures of carbon with pure MoO3, CaMoO4 and MgMoO4, as well as oxide mixtures (CaO + MoO3, MgO + MoO3) show that the highest yield was observed for CaMoO4 + C and MoO3 + C mixtures, while MgO + C + MoO3 mixture showed much lower yield.
Importance of Kinetic Models in the Analysis of Steelmaking Reactions
Authors: Kitamura S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, examples of the use of a kinetic model in the analysis of a steelmaking process will be discussed. In decarburization by BOF, the relation between C and O contents is different from that obtained by equilibrium calculations. By the use of kinetic models, it was clarified that the O content in the metal is controlled not only by the C content but also by the FeO activity in the slag. In the vacuum degassing process, the partial pressure calculated on the basis of the relation between C and O contents is much higher than the operation pressure. The kinetic model which considers the circulation between the molten steel in the vacuum vessel and that in the ladle is well known; furthermore, various decarburization mechanisms were proposed. Hot metal dephosphorization occurs under non‐equilibrium conditions because the oxygen potential of the slag and that of the hot metal are different. Process analysis is performed by considering the reaction kinetics based on the coupled reaction model. Recently, a new reaction model has been proposed; this model considers the solid slag, liquid slag, and liquid metal phases and the reaction between the solid and liquid slag, in addition to the reaction between the liquid slag and liquid metal.
Sitting Posture Decreases Collapsibility of the Passive Pharynx in Anesthetized Paralyzed Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Tagaito Yugo , Isono Shiroh , Tanaka Atsuko , Ishikawa Teruhiko , Nishino Takashi 
Published: September 2010

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for difficult and/or impossible mask ventilation during anesthesia induction. Postural change from supine to sitting improves nocturnal breathing in patients with OSA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient position on collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway in anesthetized and paralyzed patients with OSA. The authors tested the hypothesis that the passive pharynx is structurally less collapsible during sitting than during supine posture.

Method
Total muscle paralysis was induced with general anesthesia in nine patients with OSA, eliminating neuromuscular factors contributing to pharyngeal patency. The cross-sectional area of the pharynx was measured endoscopically at different static airway pressures. Comparison of static pressure-area plots between the supine and sitting (62° head-up) allowed assessment of the postural differences of the mechanical properties of the pharynx.

Results
: Maximum cross-sectional area was greater during sitting than during supine posture at both retropalatal (median (10th-90th percentile): 1.91 (1.52-3.40) versus 1.25 (0.65-1.97) cm) and retroglossal (2.42 (1.72-3.84) versus 1.75 (0.47-2.35) cm) airways. Closing pressure of the passive pharynx was significantly lower during sitting than supine posture. Differences of the closing pressures between the postures are 5.89 (3.73-11.6) and 6.74 (4.16-9.87) cm H2O, at retropalatal and retroglossal airways, respectively, and did not differ between the pharyngeal segments.

Conclusions
Postural change from supine to sitting significantly improves collapsibility of pharyngeal airway in anesthetized and paralyzed patients with OSA.
Microsatellite Instability in Arabidopsis Increases with Plant Development
Authors: Golubov Andrey , Yao Youli , Maheshwari Priti , Bilichak Andriy , Boyko Alex , Belzile François , Kovalchuk Igor 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Plant development consists of the initial phase of intensive cell division followed by continuous genome endoreduplication, cell growth, and elongation. The maintenance of genome stability under these conditions is the main task performed by DNA repair and genome surveillance mechanisms. Our previous work showed that the rate of homologous recombination repair in older plants decreases. We hypothesized that this age-dependent decrease in the recombination rate is paralleled with other changes in DNA repair capacity. Here, we analyzed microsatellite stability using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants that carry the nonfunctional β-glucuronidase gene disrupted by microsatellite repeats. We found that microsatellite instability increased dramatically with plant age. We analyzed the contribution of various mechanisms to microsatellite instability, including replication errors and mistakes of DNA repair mechanisms such as mismatch repair, excision repair, and strand break repair. Analysis of total DNA polymerase activity using partially purified protein extracts showed an age-dependent decrease in activity and an increase in fidelity. Analysis of the steady-state RNA level of DNA replicative polymerases α, δ, Pol I-like A, and Pol I-like B and the expression of mutS homolog 2 (Msh2) and Msh6 showed an age-dependent decrease. An in vitro repair assay showed lower efficiency of nonhomologous end joining in older plants, paralleled by an increase in Ku70 gene expression. Thus, we assume that the more frequent involvement of nonhomologous end joining in strand break repair and the less efficient end-joining repair together with lower levels of mismatch repair activities may be the main contributors to the observed age-dependent increase in microsatellite instability.
Technology, cognition, and the academic librarian: a conference report
Authors: Urban Sandra 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the Academic Librarians 2010 conference which took place in Ithaca on June 7‐8, 2010.Design/methodology/approachThe paper summarizes important points made by the presenters at the Academic Librarians 2010 conference.FindingsThe NY 3R's Association and the Academic & Special Libraries Section of the New York Library Association organized a useful conference full of information about new technologies and how they can be used in libraries. These technologies can help academic librarians reach twenty‐first century learners.Originality/valueLibrarians must utilize new and upcoming technologies in order to reach twenty‐first century learners. They will be interested in what the presenters discussed, and in the resources each of them mentioned.
Livening virtual reference with screencasting and screen sharing
Authors: Steiner Heidi M. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeAs the usage of virtual reference services continues to increase, libraries must consider ways to remedy the lack of ability to visually demonstrate during teaching moments when conducting reference transactions over e‐mail, instant messaging or chat, and text messaging. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a brief overview of a selection of free tools for screencasting and screen sharing, including Jing, Screencast‐o‐matic, Screencastle, Screenjelly, Dimdim, Yuuguu, and ShowMyPC.FindingsThe paper finds that each free tool has its positive and negative features, but with so many accessible options available, most libraries should be able to find a tool that will work for their needs.Originality/valueThe paper offers insight into the strong availability of free tools, many web‐based, for screencasting and screen sharing, providing an overview of the functionality of each.
Living alongside a volcano in Baliau, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Mercer Jessica , Kelman Ilan 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to further understand the contribution of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction through reviewing the experiences of Baliau village situated on Manam Island in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.Design/methodology/approachIndigenous strategies for disaster risk reduction were identified through participatory group discussions with community members, including a strengths‐weaknesses‐opportunities‐threats analysis.FindingsThe paper outlines how indigenous knowledge was used for disaster risk reduction and to cope with enforced evacuation. It demonstrates the need for community consultation alongside the benefits of applying the sustainable livelihoods approach to better understand volcano‐related opportunities, rather than just focusing on the volcano's threats.Practical implicationsIndigenous knowledge has both relevance and applicability when applied to disaster risk reduction. Communities should be consulted at all stages of disaster risk reduction and disaster response in order to ensure the relevance and applicability of any strategy.Originality/valueThrough a new case study, this paper explores the contributions of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction and outlines the disruption of evacuation upon indigenous communities. Lessons learnt for future evacuation and rehabilitation scenarios are outlined through application of the sustainable livelihoods approach.
Inland waterway resource and spill management needs in Southeastern USA
Authors: Camp Janey V. , Abkowitz Mark D. , LeBoeuf Eugene J. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the issues faced by managers of inland waterways in the Southeastern USA as a guide for improvements to spill management information systems.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to a group of over 300 professionals representing multiple organizations involved in water quality management and/or spill response in the Southeast region of the USA to query their perceptions on leading demands and issues faced in management of inland waterways both on a daily basis and during spill response efforts.FindingsSurvey results indicated that communication is often the “weak link” in both water management and spill response activities, and that enhanced spill management information tools could serve as a valuable resource in addressing this problem. Display of spatial/visual information was deemed to be especially important to spill response personnel and should be included in the next generation of spill response systems.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope is limited to the Southeastern USA, but similar results would be expected in other regions where management of surface water is of concern.Practical implicationsIn these trying economic times, the survey results serve to rank order decision‐support priorities to which available resources should be allocated and indicate areas of interest for improved support in both water resource management and spill response.Originality/valueThe paper provides the first documentation of the demands and decision‐support priorities of inland waterway resource managers and spill response personnel.
Prem Sikka and the media: using the media to hold accountants to account
Authors: Lawrence S. , Low M. , Sharma U. 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand why a professor of accounting uses the media to expose the failure/shortcomings of the accounting profession. Using Prem Sikka's writings, the paper argues that accounting communications have become distorted thereby failing to live up to their potential to contribute to the enhancement of social well‐being. The intention is to go beyond the media exposes and appreciate the underlying pursuit of fairness and justice in society.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken was journalistic in that it sought lots of direct quotations. Such quotations, both from the professor and the responses of his audience, are available through web sites. A telephone interview was conducted with the professor. The paper attempts to place his work in a social context by providing some personal background information.FindingsPrem Sikka's media “blogs” bring forth strong reactions. He tends to polarise people. The purpose of his media releases is to generate opposing reactions in the pursuit of an open and democratic process. By focusing on the darker side of accounting practices, Prem Sikka highlights the political aspects of accounting as accounting language that may be considered as a language of fiction. He writes from the perspective of those who least benefit from current practices and against the powerful elites who benefit from current societal arrangements. His media articles have significant potential in facilitating change for best practices in accounting services to society in a manner that truly reflects the “public interest” that accountants as a professional group ascribe to. Whether this is realised depends on how counter accounts and critiques disseminated connect with common sense of people.Originality/valueThe originality is a derivative of Prem Sikka's work. The paper simply tries to understand and explain how Prem Sikka uses the media to hold accountants to account. It illustrates his unique ability to identify and confront the important issues surrounding accounting practice. It adds support to his challenge to accountants to engage with issues of fairness and justice in society. Analysis bringing out accounting's ambiguous and conflict‐enhancing functioning for the socio‐political order has been especially scarce. Such writings of Sikka challenges the status quo of accountants where their charters indicate that they are a professional group that have “public interest” as their key priority but which have been illustrated otherwise by Sikka's media accounts as “dark and secretive practices” that benefit only the privileged few.
Interpreting pictorial messages of intellectual capital in company media
Authors: Hooks Jill , Steenkamp Natasja , Stewart Ross 
Published: September 2010

PurposeCompanies use figures within the annual report to send messages. The purpose of this paper is to explore the opinions and understandings of annual report preparers who produce the figures and users who interpret them. The focus is on figures that the authors consider convey messages about the company's intellectual capital (IC).Design/methodology/approachThe paper used a questionnaire to obtain the opinions of “informed investors” and conducted interviews with the preparers of the annual reports. It compared the opinions of the two respondent groups.FindingsPreparers and users bring multiple meanings to the figures. Users overlooked some messages which were complex and symbolic and also perceived more messages than intended by the preparers. The two respondent groups generally perceived brands, corporate image building and aspects related to employees as the IC items best portrayed in the selected figures. Most users and some preparers perceived the main reason for using figures was their strength as a marketing tool.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is exploratory in nature and there is scope to extend the work to a greater number of annual reports and/or figures. The research is limited by the use of students as a proxy for users of annual reports.Practical implicationsThe findings may be helpful to annual report preparers in understanding the rhetorical impact of images. Such understanding will help them in choosing figures which are effective and persuasive when seeking user engagement.Originality/valueThe authors are not aware of any prior research that examines the perceptions of preparers and users in respect of messages conveyed through figures, and, in particular, research that incorporates aspects of IC in corporate annual report figures. The paper, therefore, extends the empirical literature on IC.
Performance measurement of power plants in the existence of weight restrictions via slacks‐based model
Authors: Farzipoor Saen Reza 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest a model for evaluating the best power plants in the presence of weight restrictions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper introduces a model, which is based on slacks‐based model (SBM) (one of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models).FindingsThe paper depicts the power plant evaluation process through a DEA model, while allowing for the incorporation of preferences of decision maker (DM). The chief advantage of the proposed model is that it does not demand exact weights from the DM.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, there is not any reference that evaluates power plants by means of SBM in the presence of weight restrictions.
Integrative framework on knowledge management and new product development
Authors: Kang Sung‐Wook , Kim Soo‐Wook 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to summarize important findings on knowledge management (KM) and new product development (NPD). Also, it seeks to propose an integrative framework on KM and NPD.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review the literature on KM and NPD, and derive common themes behind these research streams. Based on such themes, they build a conceptual framework integrating the two areas.FindingsBased on the literature review, this paper argues that seemingly distinctive research streams, KM and NPD, are eventually another form of innovation to cope with external volatility.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper hints that various managerial theories and approaches may, in fact, address similar issues and that it is possible to develop a comprehensive framework without losing distinctive features.Originality/valueThe paper attempts to derive common themes from two separate research streams and to propose a comprehensive and simplified view. A proposed framework can be an introductory guideline for those considering a more thorough investigation on management theories.
Islamic norms for stock screening
Authors: Abdul Rahman Azhar , Azlan Yahya Mohd , Herry Mohd Nasir Mohd 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare the criteria used among Islamic Indices, specifically between the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Shari'ah Index (KLSESI) and the Dow Jones Islamic Market Index (DJIM) in screening a permissible company for investment purposes. The two controversial criteria examined are: level of debt and level of liquidity of company.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the 642 companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia in 2006 as approved Shariah's compliant companies by the Shari'ah Advisory Council of the KLSE.FindingsOverall, the results reveal that the KLSESI does not use both the criteria set by the DJIM as its measures during the screening process. As for the level of debt criterion, the results show that 44.07 percent of the companies listed under the KLSESI are highly geared. These companies depend heavily on debt to finance their capital. However, the results for the level of liquidity criterion are not as extreme as the level of debt where it shows only 17 percent of the companies listed under the KLSESI are highly liquid. The results also indicate that if both criteria are compared concurrently, only 198 out of 565 companies listed under the KLSESI conform to the criteria set up by the DJIM.Research limitations/implicationsThe main reasons why the differences exist among Islamic Indices are due to micro‐factor as faced by Malaysian companies such as the limited amount of capital resources. The Shari'ah supervisory board of the respective indices represents the sole body that determines the rules or criteria to be used by each index. This explains why the indices differ from one country to another and efforts should be done by regulators in the respective countries to harmonize the differing criteria used.Originality/valueThe paper represents the first study that compares the criteria used by two different indices regarding Islamic capital investment in a developing country.
Quality awards and performance: is there a relationship?
Authors: Corredor Pilar , Goñi Salomé 
Published: September 2010

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to determine whether firms that have received quality awards (understood as an indicator of the implementation of quality systems) obtain higher profitability than those that have not.Design/methodology/approachThe study was performed on a sample of Spanish firms that received TQM prizes at the national or regional level between 1997 and 2003 and a sample of control firms for drawing comparisons.FindingsThe work suggests that pioneer firms that applied this innovation are those that achieved profitability, especially when the model resembles in cases where the EFQM model.Practical implicationsThe study may provide firms and institutions with some useful guidelines for the planning of future actions to promote the adoption of these management systems.Originality/valueThe paper analyses whether the results are influenced by factors such as the time when the award is achieved, the sector to which the firm belongs, or the nature of the award.