bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerted and adaptive alignment of decorin dermatan sulfate filaments in the graded organization of collagen fibrils in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon
Authors: Watanabe Takafumi , Imamura Yasutada , Suzuki Daisuke , Hosaka Yoshinao , Ueda Hiromi , Hiramatsu Kohzy , Takehana Kazushige 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) has a graded distribution of collagen fibril diameters, with predominantly small‐diameter fibrils in the region of the myotendinous junction (MTJ), a gradual increase in large‐diameter fibrils toward the osteotendinous junction (OTJ), and a mixture of small‐ and large‐diameter fibrils in the middle metacarpal (MM) region. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructure of the SDFT, to correlate the spatial relationship of the collagen fibrils with the graded distribution. The surface‐to‐surface distances of pairs of fibrils were found to be almost constant over the entire tendon. However, the center‐to‐center distances varied according to fibril diameter. Decorin is the predominant proteoglycan in normal mature tendons, and has one dermatan sulfate (DS) or chondroitin sulfate (CS) filament as a side chain which is associated with the surfaces of the collagen fibrils via its core protein. We identified a coordinated arrangement of decorin DS filaments in the equine SDFT. The sizes of the decorin DS filaments detected by Cupromeronic blue staining showed a unique regional variation; they were shortest in the MM region and longer in the MTJ and OTJ regions, and a considerable number of filaments were arranged obliquely to adjacent collagen fibrils in the MTJ region. This regional variation of the filaments may be an adaptation to lubricate the interfibrillar space in response to local mechanical requirements. The results of this study suggest that the MTJ region, which receives the muscular contractile force first, acts as a buffer for mechanical forces in the equine SDFT.
Genomewide Association Studies in Cardiovascular Disease—An Update 2011
Authors: Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Diemert Patrick 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Genomewide association studies have led to an enormous boost in the identification of susceptibility genes for cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to summarize the most important findings of recent years.

CONTENT
We have carefully reviewed the current literature (PubMed search terms: “genome wide association studies,” “genetic polymorphism,” “genetic risk factors,” “association study” in connection with the respective diseases, “risk score,” “transcriptome”).

SUMMARY
Multiple novel genetic loci for such important cardiovascular diseases as myocardial infarction, hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and hyperlipidemia have been identified. Given that many novel genetic risk factors lie within hitherto-unsuspected genes or influence gene expression, these findings have inspired discoveries of biological function. Despite these successes, however, only a fraction of the heritability for most cardiovascular diseases has been explained thus far. Forthcoming techniques such as whole-genome sequencing will be important to close the gap of missing heritability.
Washington State Pediatricians' Attitudes Toward Alternative Childhood Immunization Schedules
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Opel Douglas J. , Marcuse Edgar K. , Taylor James A. 
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:To determine the frequency of parents' requests for alternative childhood immunization schedules (ACISs) and pediatricians' comfort with and willingness to use ACISs.METHODS:Washington State primary care pediatricians were asked to complete an Internet-based survey on ACISs. The main outcome measures were the frequency of parents' requests for ACISs, pediatricians' comfort with their use, and pediatricians' willingness to use ACISs for individual vaccines. In addition, respondents were asked to characterize their practices and to provide demographic information.RESULTS:Of the 311 respondents (response rate: 65%), 209 met inclusion criteria and were included in analyses. Overall, 77% of eligible respondents reported that parents sometimes or frequently requested ACISs, and 61% were comfortable using an ACIS if requested by a parent. Pediatricians were least willing to consider using ACISs for diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatricians who practiced in a neighborhood or community clinic were less comfortable using ACISs than were those in a 1- or 2-physician practice (odds ratio: 0.10).CONCLUSIONS:Washington State pediatricians are regularly being asked to use ACISs, and most of them are comfortable using them if requested. Pediatricians are least willing to delay H influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, which suggests prioritization of immunizations that protect against potentially devastating bacterial infections of infancy and early childhood.
PathVar: analysis of gene and protein expression variance in cellular pathways using microarray data
Authors: Glaab Enrico , Schneider Reinhard 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: Finding significant differences between the expression levels of genes or proteins across diverse biological conditions is one of the primary goals in the analysis of functional genomics data. However, existing methods for identifying differentially expressed genes or sets of genes by comparing measures of the average expression across predefined sample groups do not detect differential variance in the expression levels across genes in cellular pathways. Since corresponding pathway deregulations occur frequently in microarray gene or protein expression data, we present a new dedicated web application, PathVar, to analyze these data sources. The software ranks pathway-representing gene/protein sets in terms of the differences of the variance in the within-pathway expression levels across different biological conditions. Apart from identifying new pathway deregulation patterns, the tool exploits these patterns by combining different machine learning methods to find clusters of similar samples and build sample classification models.
Availability: freely available at http://pathvar.embl.de
Contact: enrico.glaab@uni.lu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Ben , Mao Qiqi , Cao Min , Xie Liping 
Published: November 2011

Objective:  To evaluate the relationship between cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer.Methods:  A systematic literature search up to June 2011 was carried out in PubMed, and the references of retrieved articles were screened. The summary relative risks with 95% confidence interval for the highest versus the lowest intake of cruciferous vegetables were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated.Results:  Seven cohort and six population‐based case–control studies met the inclusion criteria of the meta‐analysis. A significantly decreased prostate cancer risk was observed overall in the cruciferous vegetables intake group (relative risks = 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.96) and the subgroup of case–control studies (relative risks = 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.89), but not in cohort studies (relative risks = 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.02). No heterogeneity and publication bias were detected across studies.Conclusion:  Cruciferous vegetables intake is related to the decreased risk of prostate cancer. Because of the limited number of studies, further prospective studies are needed to explore the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables on prostate cancer.
Alopecia as a rare but distinct manifestation of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Veraitch O. , Ohyama M. , Yamagami J. , Amagai M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients may develop scalp erosions, however, the development of alopecia has been reported to be extremely rare.Objective  To delineate the clinicopathological features of alopecia in PV and provide insight into the pathogenesis of this rarely observed manifestation.Methods  A retrospective case note review was performed on five PV patients presenting with progressive hair loss and alopecic patches. Data were collected on demographics and clinical findings. Results for hair pull tests, direct immunofluorescence study of plucked hairs, established laboratory tests to detect anti‐desmoglein 1 and 3 autoantibodies and scalp swab culture were recorded. A combination of vertical and horizontal sectioning technique enabled detailed histopathological analysis of alopecic patches. Clinical course was monitored.Results  Anagen hair follicles with the outer root sheath structure were easily pulled from perilesional scalp, with intercellular IgG deposition on the outer root sheath keratinocytes. Acantholysis between outer root sheath keratinocytes extending from the infundibulum to suprabalbar level was evident in anagen hair follicles of affected lesions. Perifollicular cell infiltration was observed in the lesions where scalp swabs detected micro‐organisms. The bulge stem cell area was mostly intact. Alopecia was non‐scarring and following 4 weeks of therapy hair re‐growth was seen in all patients.Conclusion  In PV, the combination of anti‐desmoglein autoantibody‐mediated acantholysis in conjunction with secondary factors, such as inflammatory changes due to infection, may cause weakening of hair follicle anchorage resulting in hair loss and alopecic patches. This unusual clinical phenotype should alert physicians to PV as a potential diagnosis.
Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of diploid Leucaena (Leguminosae; Mimosoideae) reveal cryptic species diversity and patterns of divergent allopatric speciation
Authors: Govindarajulu Rajanikanth , Hughes Colin E. , Bailey C. Donovan 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: Leucaena comprises 17 diploid species, five tetraploid species, and a complex series of hybrids whose evolutionary histories have been influenced by human seed translocation, cultivation, and subsequent spontaneous hybridization. Here we investigated patterns of evolutionary divergence among diploid Leucaena through comprehensively sampled multilocus phylogenetic and population genetic approaches to address species delimitation, interspecific relationships, hybridization, and the predominant mode of speciation among diploids.• Methods: Parsimony‐ and maximum‐likelihood‐based phylogenetic approaches were applied to 59 accessions sequenced for six SCAR‐based nuclear loci, nrDNA ITS, and four cpDNA regions. Population genetic comparisons included 1215 AFLP loci representing 42 populations and 424 individuals.• Results: Phylogenetic results provided a well‐resolved hypothesis of divergent species relationships, recovering previously recognized clades of diploids as well as newly resolved relationships. Phylogenetic and population genetic assessments identified two cryptic species that are consistent with geography and morphology.• Conclusions: Findings from this study highlight the importance and utility of multilocus data in the recovery of complex evolutionary histories. The results are consistent with allopatric divergence representing the predominant mode of speciation among diploid Leucaena. These findings contrast with the potential hybrid origin of several tetraploid species and highlight the importance of human translocation of seed to the origin of these tetraploids. The recognition of one previously unrecognized species (L. cruziana) and the elevation of another taxon (L. collinsii subsp. zacapana) to specific status (L. zacapana) is consistent with a growing number of newly diagnosed species from neotropical seasonally dry forests, suggesting these communities harbor greater species diversity than previously recognized.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of 4,5‐Diacetoxyl‐2‐(dinitromethylene)‐imidazolidine
Authors: Xu Kangzhen , Wang Min , Zhang Hang , Yan Biao , Song Jirong , Wang Bozhou , Zhao Fengqi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA new energetic material, 4,5‐diacetoxyl‐2‐(dinitromethylene)‐imidazolidine (DADNI), was synthesized by the reaction of 4,5‐dihydroxyl‐2‐(dinitromethylene)‐imidazolidine (DDNI) and acetic anhydride, and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Crystal data for DADNI are monoclinic, space group C2/c, a=15.9167(3) Å, b=8.6816(4) Å, c=8.5209(3) Å, β=103.294(9)°, V=1145.9(3) Å3, Z=4, µ=0.150 mm−1, F(000)=600, Dc=1.682 g·cm−3, R1=0.0565 and wR2=0.1649. Thermal decomposition behavior of DADNI was studied and an intensely exothermic process was observed. The kinetic equation of the decomposition reaction is: dα/dT=(1016.64/β)×4α3/4exp(−1.582×105/RT). The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 163.76°C. The specific heat capacity of DADNI was studied with micro‐DSC method and theoretical calculation method. The molar heat capacity is 343.30 J·mol−1·K−1 at 298.15 K. The adiabatic time‐to‐explosion of DADNI was calculated to be 87.7 s.
Synthesis of Functionalized Thiophenes by Four‐component Reactions of 1,3‐Thiazolidinedione, Aromatic Aldehydes, Cyanoacetamide and Cyclic Secondary Amines
Authors: Yao Rong , Xia Eryan , Sun Jing , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe polysubstituted thiophene derivatives were conveniently prepared by the four‐component reactions of 1,3‐thiazolidinedione, aromatic aldehydes, cyanoacetamide and cyclic secondary amines such as pyrrolidine, morpholine and piperidine. The reaction mechanism is believed to involve domino reactions of Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, ring‐opening and recyclization of 1,3‐thiazolidinedione.
PlateletWeb: a systems biologic analysis of signaling networks in human platelets
Authors: Boyanova Desislava , Nilla Santosh , Birschmann Ingvild , Dandekar Thomas , Dittrich Marcus 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Understanding the cellular mechanisms of platelet activation and their pharmacologic modulation is of major interest for basic and clinical research. Here we introduce a comprehensive human platelet repository (PlateletWeb) for systems biologic analysis of platelets in the functional context of integrated networks. Functional, drug, and pathway associations provide a first systemic insight into various aspects of platelet functionality and pharmacologic regulation. Detailed manual curation of recent platelet proteome and transcriptome studies yielded more than 5000 platelet proteins. Integration of protein-protein interactions with kinase-substrate relationships unraveled the platelet signaling network involving more than 70% of all platelet proteins. Analysis of the platelet kinome in the context of the kinase phylogenetic background revealed an over-representation of tyrosine kinase substrates. The extraction and graphical visualization of specific subnetworks allow identification of all major signaling modules involved in activation and inhibition. An in-depth analysis of DOK1 signaling identifies putative signal modulators of the integrin network. Through integration of various information sources and high curation standards, the PlateletWeb knowledge base offers the systems biologic background for the investigation of signal transduction in human platelets (http://plateletweb.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de).
Blindness and Total Ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Johnson Leland P. , Parkin James L. 
Published: November 2011

• Unilateral blindness and total ophthalmoplegia developed on the same side on which transantral ligation of the internal maxillary artery was performed for persistent posterior epistaxis. Evaluation with arteriograms and phlebograms showed no compromise of retinal vessels or cavernous sinus thrombosis. At reexploration of the maxillary antrum, marked swelling of previously placed oxidized cellulose gauze was found.An experimental model, using the rabbit, was designed to determine if implantation of oxidized cellulose gauze adjacent to the optic nerve would produce blindness and ophthalmoplegia.
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Fetuin Sialylated Glycopeptides Enriched by TiO2 Microcolumn
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Liu Hui , Li Zhili 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSialylation of glycoproteins is vital for the function or physicochemical properties of a protein. It becomes more and more important to develop approaches that can be used to efficiently isolate and identify sialylated glycopeptides or glycoproteins for monitoring changes in glycoproteome. In the present study, we analyze intact structures of the enriched sialylated glycopeptides of bovine fetuin by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS/MS), without any chemical derivation. The experimental data show that the optimal loading buffer for TiO2 as matrix is 80% acetonitrile/2% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid)/100 mg/mL DHB (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) which is also compatible with MALDI‐mass spectrometric analysis. This study indicates that the improved enrichment approach combined with MALDI‐MS/MS may be a powerful tool to analyze intact structures and components of the sialylated glycopeptides from complex peptide mixture.
Non‐hydrolytic Sol‐gel Methodology to Prepare a Molecularly Imprinted, Organic‐silica Hybrid‐based Stir Bar for Recognition of Sulfonylurea Herbicides
Authors: Si Bianjing , Zhou Jie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBased on a molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar, a pre‐treatment methodology was developed for enrichment of nicosulfuron in aqueous samples. The molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based coating on the outer surface of a glass stir bar was prepared by in‐situ polymerization using nicosulfuron as a template molecule, α‐methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, methacryloxypropytrimethoxysilane as a cross‐linker in the mixture of acetonitrile and trichloromethane (V/V, 7.5:1). To achieve the selective extraction of the target analyte from aqueous samples, several main parameters, including extraction time, pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix were investigated. Evidence was also presented by the scanning electronic microscopic images of the imprinted and non‐imprinted stir bars. Then, the extraction efficiency of the stir bar was tested with separate experiments and competitive sorption experiments. These results showed that using six sulfonylureas as substrates the molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar gave high selectivity for the template, nicosulfuron compared to the non‐imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar. This sorption extraction was coupled to liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection allowing the determination of nicosulfuron from tap water. The method showed good recoveries and precision, 96.0% (RSD 2.7%, n=3) for tap water spiked with 0.125 nmol (25.00 mL sample), suggesting that the stir bar can be successfully applied to the pre‐concentration of nicosulfuron in real aqueous samples.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 12/11
Authors: Marshall Jennifer L. , Zhang Yang , Pallan Lalit , Hsu Mei‐Chi , Khan Mahmood , Cunningham Adam F. , MacLennan Ian C. M. , Toellner Kai‐Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe cover image shows immunohistological analysis of a spleen section from QMxB6 mice 96 hours after immunization with NP‐Ficoll. IgD staining (brown) determines the B‐cell follicles and NP‐staining (blue) the antibody‐producing cells; plasmablasts (dark blue regions) are present in the red pulp, and germinal centres (pale blue) can be seen in the follicles; the T zones (which lack B cells) remain unstained. The image is kindly provided by Jennifer Marshall and relates to the study Marshall et al. (pp. 3506–3512) in which it is shown that Ig class‐switch recombination during extrafollicular responses occurs at the B blast rather than the plasmablast stage.
The GenoType® MTBDRplus assay for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sweden
Authors: CHRYSSANTHOU ERJA , ÄNGEBY KRISTIAN 
Published: November 2011

Chryssanthou E, Ängeby K. The GenoType® MTBDRplus assay for detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sweden. APMIS 2012; 120: 405–9.The performance of the GenoType®MTBDRplus assay was compared with conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) in 604 patients with tuberculosis. The study comprised 477 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates and 127 preparations of DNA from clinical specimens which had been tested positive for M. tuberculosis by COBAS®TaqMan® 48. By DST, isoniazid (INH) monoresistance was diagnosed in 56 (9.3%), rifampicin (RMP) monoresistance in 2 (0.3%) and multidrug resistance (MDR) in 21 (3.5%) of the cases. The sensitivity of the MTBDRplus assay was 87.5%, 100% and 95.2% for INH resistance, RMP resistance and MDR respectively. The specificity was 100% for all resistance patterns. The dominating mutations in RMP and INH resistant isolates were in codon 531 of the rpoB gene and codon 315 of the KatG gene. The turnaround time for detection of drug resistance can be shortened from a median of 21 days for DST to 7 days for the MTBDRplus assay. This may have a significant impact on routine work flow of a mycobacteriology laboratory.
Parental Knowledge Regarding Lifelong Congenital Cardiac Care
Authors: Fernandes Susan M. , Verstappen Amy , Ackerman Kathy , Adams Elizabeth E. , Barton Cheryl , Breitinger Petar , Crumb Stephen , Dummer Kirsten , Harada Kana , Khairy Paul , Landzberg Michael J. , Linstead-Goldsmith Rachel , Meadows Allison K. , Nieves Jo Ann , Saidi Arwa , Takahashi Masato , Zhou Jing , Ziniel Sonja , Williams Roberta ,   the Adult Congenital Cardiac Care Associate Research Network
Published: November 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To assess parental knowledge regarding lifelong congenital cardiac care (LLCCC).

BACKGROUND:
National guidelines recommend that nearly 50% of adult survivors with congenital heart disease (CHD) receive LLCCC; the number of adults who receive such care seems far less. Inadequate parental knowledge of LLCCC might contribute to care interruption.

METHODS:
In this multicenter study, we administered a questionnaire to parents of children with moderate and complex CHD to assess knowledge of LLCCC.

RESULTS:
A total of 500 parents participated; the median age of their children was 10 years (range: 2–18 years). Most parents (81%) understood that their child would need LLCCC, but only 44% recognized that their child's cardiology care should be guided by an adult congenital heart specialist in adulthood. More than half (59%) of the parents stated that their current cardiology team had never spoken to them about LLCCC, but 96% wished to learn more. Variables associated with parental LLCCC knowledge included previous discussions regarding LLCCC, underlying cardiac surgical diagnosis, and level of parental education.

CONCLUSIONS:
A substantial number of parents of children with moderate and complex CHD lack knowledge about LLCCC, but almost all of them have a desire to learn more about the care their child will need as an adult.