bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutis laxa‐like mycosis fungoides
Authors: LÓPEZ AVENTÍN Daniel , GALLARDO Fernando , GIL Inmaculada , MARTÍN‐EZQUERRA Gemma , GARCÍA Mar , BELLOSILLO Beatriz , JUANPERE Núria , PUJOL Ramon M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMycosis fungoides is the most common form of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Several clinical and clinicopathological variants of mycosis fungoides have been reported. A 75‐year‐old woman presenting with multiple ill‐defined areas of marked cutaneous wrinkling on the trunk and extremities is reported. Histopathological examination showed characteristic features of mycosis fungoides along with an interstitial dermal infiltrate composed predominantly of atypical lymphocytes with histiocytes intermingled within the collagen bundles. A focal reduction and fragmentation of elastic fibers was demonstrated. This observation illustrates a peculiar and previously unreported clinicopathological presentation of mycosis fungoides: cutis laxa‐like mycosis fungoides, expanding the spectrum of mycosis fungoides variants associated with abnormalities of the dermal elastic fibers.
Ponatinib may overcome resistance of FLT3‐ITD harbouring additional point mutations, notably the previously refractory F691I mutation
Authors: Zirm Elisabeth , Spies‐Weisshart Bärbel , Heidel Florian , Schnetzke Ulf , Böhmer Frank‐Dietmar , Hochhaus Andreas , Fischer Thomas , Scholl Sebastian 
Published: March 2012

SummaryFms‐like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) mutations are the most frequent mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that confer a poor prognosis. Constitutively active FLT3‐ITD (internal tandem duplications) mutations define a promising target for therapeutic approaches using small molecule inhibitors. However, several point mutations of the FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3‐TKD) have been identified to mediate resistance towards FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (FLT3‐TKI), including secondary mutations of FLT3. We investigated the cellular effects of the recently characterised FLT3‐TKI ponatinib (AP24534) on murine myeloid cells transfected with FLT3‐ITD with or without additional point mutations of the FLT3‐TKD including the (so far) multi‐resistant F691I mutation. Ponatinib effectively induced apoptosis not only in the parental FLT3‐ITD cell line but also in all stably transfected subclones harbouring additional FLT3‐TKD point mutations (N676D, F691I or G697R). These observations correlated with a strong inhibition of FLT3‐ITD and its downstream targets STAT5, AKT and ERK1/2 upon ponatinib incubation, as determined by Western blotting. We conclude that ponatinib represents a promising FLT3‐TKI that should be further investigated in clinical trials. The targeted therapy of FLT3‐ITD‐positive AML with ponatinib might be associated with a lower frequency of secondary resistance caused by acquired FLT3‐TKD mutations.
Outcomes in older adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): results from the international MRC UKALL XII/ECOG2993 trial
Authors: Sive Jonathan I. , Buck Georgina , Fielding Adele , Lazarus Hillard M. , Litzow Mark R. , Luger Selina , Marks David I. , McMillan Andrew , Moorman Anthony V. , Richards Susan M. , Rowe Jacob M. , Tallman Martin S. , Goldstone Anthony H. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryAlthough the incidence rate of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is slightly higher in older than in younger adults, response rates to induction chemotherapy and survival rates are poorer. The contribution of disease‐related versus treatment‐related factors remains unclear. We analysed 100 older patients (aged 55–65 years) treated on the UKALLXII/ECOG2993 trial compared with 1814 younger patients (aged 14–54 years). Baseline characteristics, induction chemotherapy course, infections, drug reductions and survival outcomes were compared. There were more Philadelphia‐positive (Ph+) patients in the older group (28% vs. 17%, P = 0·02), and a trend towards higher combined cytogenetic risk score (46% vs. 35%, P = 0·07). The complete remission rate in older patients was worse (73% vs. 93%, P < 0·0001) as was 5‐year overall survival (21% vs. 41%, P < 0·0001) and event‐free survival (EFS) (19% vs. 37%, P < 0·0001). Older patients had more infections during induction (81% vs. 70%, P = 0·05), and drug reductions (46% vs. 28%, P = 0·0009). Among older patients, Ph+ and cytogenetic risk category as well as infection during induction predicted for worse EFS. Poorer outcomes in these patients are partly due to cytogenetic risk, but there is significant morbidity and mortality during induction chemotherapy with frequent delays and drug reductions. New approaches, including better risk stratification and use of targeted therapies, could improve treatment for these patients.
Interactive effects of ocean acidification and temperature on two scleractinian corals from Moorea, French Polynesia
Authors: Edmunds Peter J. , Brown Darren , Moriarty Vincent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that the response of corals to temperature andpCO2is consistent between taxa. Juvenile massivePoritesspp. and branches ofP. rusfrom the back reef of Moorea were incubated for 1 month under combinations of temperature (29.3 °C and 25.6 °C) andpCO2(41.6 Pa and 81.5 Pa) at an irradiance of 599 μmol quanta m−2s−1. Using microcosms and CO2gas mixing technology, treatments were created in a partly nested design (tanks) with two between‐plot factors (temperature andpCO2), and one within‐plot factor (taxon); calcification was used as a dependent variable.pCO2and temperature independently affected calcification, but the response differed between taxa. MassivePoritesspp. was largely unaffected by the treatments, butP. rusgrew 50% faster at 29.3 °C compared with 25.6 °C, and 28% slower at 81.5 Pa vs. 41.6 Pa CO2. A compilation of studies placed the present results in a broader context and tested the hypothesis that calcification for individual coral genera is independent ofpH, [HCO3−], and [CO32−]. Unlike recent reviews, this analysis was restricted to studies reporting calcification in units that could be converted to nmol CaCO3 cm−2 h−1. The compilation revealed a high degree of variation in calcification as a function ofpH, [HCO3−], and [CO32−], and supported three conclusions: (1) studies of the effects of ocean acidification on corals need to pay closer attention to reducing variance in experimental outcomes to achieve stronger synthetic capacity, (2) coral genera respond in dissimilar ways topH, [HCO3−], and [CO32−], and (3) calcification of massivePoritesspp. is relatively resistant to short exposures of increasedpCO2, similar to that expected within 100 y.
Transforming growth factor‐β enhances invasion and metastasis in Ras‐transfected human malignant epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Davies Maria , Prime Stephen S. , Eveson John W. , Price Nicky , Ganapathy Anu , D’Mello Anita , Paterson Ian C. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is known to act as a tumour suppressor early in carcinogenesis, but then switches to a pro‐metastatic factor in some late stage cancers. However, the actions of TGF‐β are context dependent, and it is currently unclear how TGF‐β influences the progression of human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study examined the effect of overexpression of TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β2 in Ras‐transfected human malignant epidermal keratinocytes that represent the early stages of human SCC. In vitro, the proliferation of cells overexpressing TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β2 was inhibited by exogenous TGF‐β1; cells overexpressing TGF‐β1 also grew more slowly than controls, but the growth rate of TGF‐β2 overexpressing cells was unaltered. However, cells that overexpressed either TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β2 were markedly more invasive than controls in an organotypic model of SCC. The proliferation of the invading TGF‐β1 overexpressing cells in the organotypic assays was higher than controls. Similarly, tumours formed by the TGF‐β1 overexpressing cells following transplantation to athymic mice were larger than tumours formed by control cells and proliferated at a higher rate. Our results demonstrate that elevated expression of either TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β2 in cells that represent the early stages in the development of human SCC results in a more aggressive phenotype.
Neuropilins: expression and roles in the epithelium
Authors: Wild Jonathan R. L. , Staton Carolyn A. , Chapple Keith , Corfe Bernard M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryInitially found expressed in neuronal and then later in endothelial cells, it is well established that the transmembrane glycoproteins neuropilin‐1 (NRP1) and neuropilin‐2 (NRP2) play essential roles in axonal growth and guidance and in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Neuropilin expression and function in epithelial cells has received little attention when compared with neuronal and endothelial cells. Overexpression of NRPs is shown to enhance growth, correlate with invasion and is associated with poor prognosis in various tumour types, especially those of epithelial origin. The contribution of NRP and its ligands to tumour growth and metastasis has spurred a strong interest in NRPs as novel chemotherapy drug targets. Given NRP’s role as a multifunctional co‐receptor with an ability to bind with disparate ligand families, this has sparked new areas of research implicating NRPs in diverse biological functions. Here, we review the growing body of research demonstrating NRP expression and role in the normal and neoplastic epithelium.
Celluloid devils: a research study of male nurses in feature films
Authors: Stanley David 
Published: March 2012

stanley d. (2012) Celluloid devils: a research study of male nurses in feature films. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(11), 2526–2537AbstractAim.  To report a study of how male nurses are portrayed in feature films.Background.  It was hypothesized that male nurses are frequently portrayed negatively or stereotypically in the film media, potentially having a negative impact on male nurse recruitment and the publics’ perception of male nurses.Design/Methods. An interpretive, qualitative methodology guided by insights into hegemonic masculinity and structured around a set of collective case studies (films) was used to examine the portrayal of male nurses in feature films made in the Western world from 1900 to 2007. Over 36,000 feature film synopses were reviewed (via CINAHL, ProQuest and relevant movie‐specific literature) for the keyword ‘nurse’ and ‘nursing’ with an additional search for films from 1900 to 2010 for the word ‘male nurse’. Identified films were labelled as ‘cases’ and analysed collectively to determine key attributes related to men in nursing and explore them for the emergence of concepts and themes related to the image of male nurses in films.Results/Findings.  A total of 13 relevant cases (feature films) were identified with 12 being made in the USA. Most films portrayed male nurses negatively and in ways opposed to hegemonic masculinity, as effeminate, homosexual, homicidal, corrupt or incompetent. Few film images of male nurses show them in traditional masculine roles or as clinically competent or self‐confident professionals.Conclusion.  Feature films predominantly portray male nurses negatively. Given the popularity of feature films, there may be negative effects on recruitment and on the public’s perception of male nurses.
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Campanula rotundifolia
Authors: Stevens Carly J. , Wilson Julia , McAllister Hugh A. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Campanula rotundifolia L. that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivory and disease, history, and conservation.2. Campanula rotundifolia is a slender, rhizomatous, prostrate to erect herb with long‐stalked roundish basal leaves, linear stem leaves, and a blue, bell‐shaped corolla. It is widespread in the British Isles though absent from parts of Ireland. Globally, C. rotundifolia has a circumpolar distribution extending from the Arctic Circle to northern Mexico and North Africa. It forms a polyploid complex with some characters linked to ploidy level. Populations in the British Isles are predominantly tetraploid and hexaploid, with occasional pentaploids. The distribution of these cytotypes in the British Isles has a strong spatial structure.3. Campanula rotundifolia has a wide ecological amplitude, tolerating very dry conditions but also occasionally occurring in permanently saturated habitats, and it grows on a very wide range of soil types, from coarse sands through loams to heavy clays and pure peats. However, C. rotundifolia is rarely found on fertile lowland clays where competition from more vigorous species may limit growth. Campanula rotundifolia is found in a range of grassland, heath, mire, scrub and sand dune communities spanning a wide range of soil pH.4. Campanula rotundifolia is perennial and spreads by seed and by rhizome. Plants generally overwinter as frost‐resistant green rosettes. As the spring season progresses, plants make slow vegetative growth. Erect flowering stems develop from June onwards. Campanula rotundifolia is largely self‐incompatible, and is insect pollinated, regularly producing large quantities of viable seed.5. Although C. rotundifolia is a widespread and locally very common species there is some evidence from Britain and across Europe that it is in decline. These losses are likely to be due to a number of factors including agricultural intensification, reversion of grassland to scrub and woodland, disturbance, and atmospheric pollution.
Computer programs to estimate overoptimism in measures of discrimination for predicting the risk of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Mannan Haider R. , McNeil John J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground Development of chronic disease risk prediction models has become a growing area of research in recent years. The internal validity of such models is sometimes lower than estimated from the development sample. Overfitting or overoptimism of the developed model and/or differences between the samples are likely causes for this. For modelling of an uncommon outcome, bootstrapping for overoptimism is the preferred method for afterwards shrinking of regression coefficients and the model's discrimination and calibration for overoptimism. However, computer programs for different types of bootstrap validation are not readily available. We developed two SAS macro programs – one for the simple bootstrap that compares the discriminatory performance of the Cox proportional hazards model from the original sample in bootstrap samples; and another (which is more efficient), known as stepwise bootstrap validation, that makes the same comparison but from models developed by variable selection from bootstrap samples in the original sample. These are illustrated through an example from cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction.Methods Two SAS macro programs for Cox proportional hazards model using Proc PHREG were developed for estimating overoptimism in Harrell's C and Somers' D statistics. The computer programs were applied to data on CVD incidence for a Framingham cohort that combined both the original and offspring exams. The risk factors considered were current smoking, diabetes, age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and body mass index.Results The degree of overoptimism in both Harrell's C and Somers' D statistics were low. Both these statistics were corrected for overoptimism by subtracting overoptimism from their observed values. Between the two bootstrap validation algorithms, the degree of overoptimism was estimated to be higher for stepwise bootstrap validation.Conclusion The programs are very useful for evaluating the ‘overoptimism corrected’ predictive performance of Cox proportional hazards model.
Improving outcomes for psychoses through the use of psycho‐education; preliminary findings
Authors: WALKER H. , CONNAUGHTON J. , WILSON I. , MARTIN C.R. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
This article explores the evidence to support an education programme for psychosis and introduces a new assessment tool designed to measure knowledge gain.
A description of the programme entitled ‘Coping With Mental Illness’ ‐ designed for people in forensic services – is offered.
Results of the measures taken to review the programme show an improvement in knowledge, mental health and self awareness.
AbstractA psycho‐education programme is provided for patients suffering from psychosis in Scotland's only high secure hospital. An 18‐month pilot study was carried out with consecutive case sample (treatment group) and ‘treatment as usual’ comparison group (control group). Pre, post and 6‐month follow‐up assessments were carried out. A range of outcome measures were used, including two measures of knowledge: a self‐report assessment tool – Forensic Assessment of Knowledge Tool and the Understanding Medication Questionnaire. Other measures were used to establish level of insight, Schedule for the Assessment of Insight and assess mental state [Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)]. Results from (n= 48) participants indicate no statistical difference between the treatment and control group scores on any assessment prior to commencement of the intervention, indicating a well‐matched sample group. However, all four assessments showed statistically significant changes post group. Treatment group showed an ability to improve knowledge and retain information about psychosis, which may account for their improved mental state and level of insight. Despite methodological limitations and a small sample group, this project has given an early indication of the positive value of this psycho‐education programme in a forensic setting.
Psychiatric clinical course strengthens the student–patient relationships of baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: KETOLA J. , STEIN J. V. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
It is stressful to be ill. People need nurses who help them emotionally while caring for their physical problems. The undergraduate psychiatric course is a good place to begin this learning. A pre and post survey asked 67 baccalaureate student nurses what they learned from their first clinical psychiatric nursing course. Specifically, the authors wanted to know whether working with people with mental illness would help students learn how to help people with emotional stress.
The students developed skills in listening and communication and progressed through steps essential to the development of empathy: breaking down stigma and prejudicial judgments, developing skills of self‐reflection, allowing people to impact them and feeling what it would be like if they were the patient, and recognizing what they had learned thereby making the learning conscious. With these new skills, students remarked on the life‐changing experiences they had with these patients. Many commented on their intention to integrate these skills and understandings into their nursing practice with all patients.
These study findings are important for three reasons: (1) recognition of the importance of the first psychiatric course in helping students develop empathy; (2) encouraging research to focus on faculty efforts to help students integrate these practices into other areas of nursing; and (3) recognition that empathy is a learned process.
AbstractPsychiatric nursing teaches students how to engage and communicate with patients who have severe emotional distress. Nurses need this knowledge as the majority of patients encountered in hospitals are distressed. This study explores the impact of a psychiatric clinical course in helping students learn to relate to distressed patients. The study used a mixed research methodology to survey 67 baccalaureate students about their experiences in the placement portion of the psychiatric nursing course. The pre‐clinical questions focused on students’ anticipation regarding individuals with mental illness and how the clinical experience would affect them as nurses and as individuals. The post‐clinical questions asked how the clinical experience affected them. The students stated that their time with patients had changed them. Ninety‐nine per cent were no longer frightened of the patients. Students realized the patients were distressed and were glad to help them. This work sensitized them to the individual rather than the generic patient. It initiated a process in self‐awareness, in sensitivity to the feelings of another person and in communication skills. These are steps in the development of an empathetic presence. The students recognized the need for these skills in all nursing. The authors recommend strategies to assist students in developing an empathetic presence.
Drug solubility classification in the bovine
Authors: MARTINEZ M. N. , APLEY M. D. 
Published: March 2012

Martinez, M. N., Apley, M. D. Drug solubility classification in the bovine. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.35 (Suppl. 1), 93–97.Currently, the basis for solubility test conditions and the corresponding solubility criteria is derived from the tremendous wealth of information developed to support human pharmaceutical product development and regulation. However, there are several critical differences between the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and monogastric species that can affect the conditions and criteria to be applied to the classification of drug solubility in cattle. These include the pH of the stomach, the volume of the stomach, the types of oral formulations, and the definition of ‘highest dose’. These points are discussed below and alternative perspectives for consideration with regard to possible modification of solubility criteria for ruminants are presented.
Genotypic diversity enhances invasive ability of Spartina alterniflora
Authors: WANG X. Y. , SHEN D. W. , JIAO J. , XU N. N. , YU S. , ZHOU X. F. , SHI M. M. , CHEN X. Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough genetic diversity is very important for alien species, which have to cope with new environments, little is known about the role that genetic diversity plays in their invasive success. In this study, we set up a manipulation experiment including three levels of genotypic diversity to test whether genotypic diversity can enhance the invasive ability of alien species, in our case the invasive Spartina alterniflora in China, and to infer the underlying mechanisms. There was no significant relationship between genotypic diversity and parameters of performance in the first year; however, from the summer of the second year onwards, genotypic diversity enhanced four of the six parameters of performance. After two growing seasons, there were significant positive relationships between genotypic diversity and maximum spread distance, patch size, shoot number per patch, and aboveground biomass. Moreover, abundance of the native dominant species Scirpus mariqueter was marginally significantly decreased with genotypic diversity of S. alterniflora, suggesting that enhanced invasive ability of S. alterniflora may have depressed the growth of the native species. There was no significant difference in most measures of performance among six genotypes, but we observed a transgressive over performance in four measures in multiple‐genotype patches. At the end of the experiment, there were significant nonadditive effects of genotypic diversity according to Monte Carlo permutations, in six‐genotype, but not three‐genotype plots. Our results indicated that both additive and nonadditive effects played roles in the positive relationship between genetic diversity and invasion success, and nonadditive effects were stronger as duration increased.