bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of hydroponic lettuce: effect of time of day, plant size, and season
Authors: Gent Martin PN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The diurnal variation of nitrate and sugars in leafy green vegetables may vary with plant size or the ability of plants to buffer the uptake, synthesis, and use of metabolites. Bibb lettuce was grown in hydroponics in a greenhouse and sampled at 3 h intervals throughout one day in August 2007 and another day in November 2008 to determine fresh weight, dry matter, and concentration of nitrate and sugars. Plantings differing in size and age were sampled on each date.RESULTS: The dry/fresh weight ratio increased during the daylight period. This increase was greater for small compared to large plants. On a fresh weight basis, tissue nitrate of small plants was only half that of larger plants. The variation in concentration with time was much less for nitrate than for soluble sugars. Soluble sugars were similar for all plant sizes early in the day, but they increased far more for small compared to large plants in the long days of summer.CONCLUSION: The greatest yield on a fresh weight basis was obtained by harvesting lettuce at dawn. Although dry matter or sugar content increased later in the day, there is no commercial benefit to delaying harvest as consumers do not buy lettuce for these attributes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction and mass spectrometry identification of a major peach allergen Pru p 1
Authors: Pasini Gabriella , Curioni Andrea , Vegro Mara , Pagani Mauro , Masi Antonio , Schievano Elisabetta , Antico Andrea 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Peach allergy can be caused by the allergen Pru p 1. This occurs by cross‐reactivity with the homologous birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. However, the direct identification of Pru p 1 as an immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐binding protein extracted from peach fruit has never been reported.RESULTS: Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and phenol extractions were applied to solubilise the proteins from peach peel and pulp, and IgE immunoblotting with sera of individual peach‐allergic patients was used to detect the potential allergens. Most of the patients showed binding to an 18 kDa band in IgE immunoblotting performed with the phenolic extracts of peach peel and pulp, but not when the PBS extracts were used. Mass spectrometry of the 18 kDa spot excised from a two‐dimensional electrophoretic gel showed this protein to correspond to the peach allergen Pru p 1.CONCLUSION: Phenol extraction was necessary to detect by IgE immunoblotting a major peach allergen, which showed very low extractability with PBS, indicating the appropriateness of adopting different extraction procedures to identify plant allergens. The 18 kDa peach protein was definitively identified as the Bet v 1‐homologous peach allergen Pru p 1. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Cloning and expression of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and its relationship to greening in crushed garlic (Allium sativum) cloves
Authors: Cho Jungeun , Park Minkyu , Choi Doil , Lee Seung Koo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Garlic greening occurs when garlic cloves are stored at low temperature, increasing 1‐propenyl cysteine sulfoxide, which is induced by γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. Although the metabolism of the γ‐glutamyl peptide is important for the biosynthesis of green pigments in crushed garlic cloves, garlic GGT is poorly characterised.RESULTS: For the analysis of GGT at the gene level, the garlic GGT sequence was partially cloned using an onion GGT sequence. The relationship between garlic greening and related gene expressions, depending on storage condition, was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for garlic GGT and alliinase. Three storage conditions were set: A, storage at a constant temperature of 20 °C; B, storage at 20 °C for 3 months and then transfer to 0 °C for an additional 3 months; C, storage at 0 °C for 3 months and then transfer to 20 °C for an additional 3 months. GGT expression increased under storage condition B and decreased under storage condition C. However, alliinase expression was not affected by storage condition.CONCLUSION: Greening in crushed garlic cloves increases with increasing GGT expression at low temperature, while alliinase expression is not affected. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient synthesis of hydroxystyrenes via biocatalytic decarboxylation/deacetylation of substituted cinnamic acids by newly isolated Pantoea agglomerans strains
Authors: Sharma Upendra K , Sharma Nandini , Salwan Richa , Kumar Rakesh , Kasana Ramesh C , Sinha Arun K 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Decarboxylation of substituted cinnamic acids is a predominantly followed pathway for obtaining hydroxystyrenes—one of the most extensively explored bioactive compounds in the food and flavor industry (e.g. FEMA GRAS approved 4‐vinylguaiacol). For this, mild and green strategies providing good yields with high product selectivity are needed.RESULTS: Two newly isolated bacterial strains, i.e. Pantoea agglomerans KJLPB4 and P. agglomerans KJPB2, are reported for mild and effective decarboxylation of substituted cinnamic acids into corresponding hydroxystyrenes. Key operational parameters for the process, such as incubation temperature, incubation time, substrate concentration and effect of co‐solvent, were optimized using ferulic acid as a model substrate. With strain KJLPB4, 1.51 g L−1 4‐vinyl guaiacol (98% yield) was selectively obtained from 2 g L−1 ferulic acid at 28 °C after 48 h incubation. However, KJPB2 provided vanillic acid in 85% yield after 72 h following the oxidative decarboxylation pathway. In addition, KJLPB4 was effectively exploited for the deacetylation of acetylated α‐phenylcinnamic acids, providing corresponding compounds in 65–95% yields.CONCLUSION: Two newly isolated microbial strains are reported for the mild and selective decarboxylation of substituted cinnamic acids into hydroxystyrenes. Preparative‐scale synthesis of vinyl guaiacol and utilization of renewable feedstock (ferulic acid extracted from maize bran) have been demonstrated to enhance the practical utility of the process. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of germination on nutritional composition of waxy wheat
Authors: Hung Pham Van , Maeda Tomoko , Yamamoto Syota , Morita Naofumi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Germination is considered to improve the nutritive value, antioxidant capacity and functional properties of grains. In this study, changes in the chemical composition, nutritive value and antioxidant capacity of waxy wheat during germination were determined.RESULTS: Over a 48 h period of germination the protein and free lipid contents of germinated waxy wheat were not significantly different from those of the control, whereas the bound lipid content decreased significantly. An increase in levels of ash and dietary fibre was clearly observed for the 48 h‐germinated wheat. The total free amino acid content of the 48 h‐germinated wheat was 7881 mg kg−1 flour (dry basis (d.b.)), significantly higher than that of the ungerminated wheat (2207 mg kg−1 flour, d.b.). In particular, γ‐aminobutyric acid increased from 84 mg kg−1 flour (d.b.) in the control to 155 mg kg−1 flour (d.b.) in the 48 h‐germinated wheat. Germination did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition of both free and bound lipids of waxy wheat, whereas free phenolic compounds increased during germination, resulting in an increase in antioxidant capacity of germinated wheat.CONCLUSION: Germinated waxy wheat had a better nutritional composition, such as higher dietary fibre, free amino acid and total phenolic compound contents, than ungerminated waxy wheat. Therefore germinated waxy wheat should be used to improve the nutritional quality of cereal‐based products. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Sustainability of Tourism Development in Macao, China
Authors: Wan Yim King Penny , Li Xiangping 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTTo maximize the benefits to stakeholders in Macao, the sustainability of Macao tourism was examined by assessing the economic, socio‐cultural and environmental impacts of tourism, visitor satisfaction and the level of community involvement in local tourism planning from 2002 to 2009, through the use of primary and secondary data. The results revealed that tourism did bring both positive and negative impacts to the community. Visitor satisfaction was found to be moderate. Channels for community participation in local tourism development were also lacking. The paper suggests that for sustainable tourism development, Macao needs to diversify away from its casino industry, to speed up the construction of the public transport system and to keep monitoring the environmental conditions, the students' drop‐out and crime rate and the locals' quality of life. More importantly, a master plan for its tourism development integrating all the key stakeholders' interests is urgently required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Glycopolymer Brushes via ATRP: 1. Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Fleet Reda , van den Dungen Eric T. A. , Klumperman Bert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a series of glycopolymer brushes with P(methyl 6‐O‐methacryloyl‐α‐D‐glucoside) (P(6‐O‐MMAGIc)) side chains (SCs) is reported. The formation of well‐defined glycopolymer brushes is confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with a MALLS detector. Four multifunctional macroinitiators with different topologies and molar masses are prepared. The P(6‐O‐MMAGIc) SCs are cleaved from the backbone and analyzed by 1H NMR and SEC–MALLS, which further confirmed the synthesis of well‐defined glycopolymer brushes. The grafting efficiency of P(6‐O‐MMAGIc) from the different macroinitiators are determined to be in the range 0.37 < f < 0.55.
Analysis of PARK2 gene exon rearrangements in Russian patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Semenova Elena V. , Shadrina Maria I. , Slominsky Pyotr A. , Ivanova‐Smolenskaya Irina A. , Bagyeva Gulbakhar , Illarioshkin Sergei N. , Limborska Svetlana A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Deletions and duplications of single exons or exon groups account for a large proportion of the PARK2 gene mutations described in juvenile autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods:We analyzed rearrangements in exons 1 to 12 of the PARK2 gene in Russian sporadic patients with early‐onset PD (EOPD) and late‐onset PD (LOPD).Results:The frequency of EOPD and LOPD patients carrying these mutations was 12.4% and 3.8%, respectively. The most frequent rearrangements were detected in exons 3 and 4. The odds ratio for EOPD in individuals carrying PARK2 exon deletions and duplications was 13.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.846–105.46; P = .0022). In addition, we found a correlation between exon rearrangements in PARK2 and the age at onset of PD, presence of dystonia, and symmetrical course of the disease.Conclusions:Exon rearrangements in the PARK2 gene play a significant role in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD in Russian patients. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Mortality from Parkinson's disease: A population‐based prospective study (NEDICES)
Authors: Posada Ignacio J. , Benito‐León Julián , Louis Elan D. , Trincado Rocío , Villarejo Alberto , Medrano María José , Bermejo‐Pareja Félix 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMost studies of mortality in Parkinson's disease have been clinical studies, yielding results that are not representative of the general population. We assessed the risk of mortality from Parkinson's disease in the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) study, a prospective population‐based study in which Parkinson's disease patients who were not ascertained through medical practitioners were also included. The cohort consisted of 5262 elderly subjects (mean baseline age, 73.0 years), including 81 with Parkinson's disease at baseline (1994–1995). Thirteen‐year mortality was assessed. Two thousand seven hundred and one of 5262 subjects (51.3%) died over a median follow‐up of 12.0 years (range, 0.04–14.8 years), including 66 of 81 subjects (81.5%) with Parkinson's disease at baseline and 2635 of 5181 subjects (50.8%) without Parkinson's disease at baseline. In an unadjusted Cox model, the hazard ratio of mortality was increased in subjects with Parkinson's disease (hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.80–2.93; P < .001) versus subjects without Parkinson's disease (reference group). In a Cox model that adjusted for a variety of demographic factors and comorbidities, the risk of mortality remained elevated in subjects with Parkinson's disease (hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.32–2.31, P < .001). In additional Cox models, Parkinson's disease patients with dementia had particularly high risks of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.40–4.90; P < .001). In this prospective population‐based study, Parkinson's disease was an independent predictor of mortality in the elderly. Parkinson's disease patients with dementia had particularly high risks of mortality. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Comparison of flow rates in the antegrade and retrograde internal mammary vein for free flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Venturi Mark L. , Poh Melissa M. , Chevray Pierre M. , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:The internal mammary vein (IMV) is commonly used as a recipient vessel in the direction of antegrade flow for free flap breast reconstruction. Recent reports show that the distal IMV is valveless and can accommodate retrograde flow. We sought to quantify blood velocity and flow through the distal IMV following free tissue transfer. Methods:Ten free flap breast reconstructions were performed. The larger vena comitans of the DIEA was anastomosed to the antegrade internal mammary vein (AIMV). The smaller vena comitans was anastomosed to the retrograde internal mammary vein (RIMV) in five free flaps, and the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) was anastomosed to the RIMV in five other free flaps.Results:The mean diameter of the larger vena comitans (3.4 ± 0.5 mm) was significantly greater than that of the smaller vena comitans (2.4 ± 0.4 mm; P = 0.003). Mean velocity in the AIMV after anastomosis was 10.13 ± 5.21 mm/s compared with 7.01 ± 2.93 mm/s in the RIMV (P = 0.12). Mean blood flow in the AIMV and the RIMV was 81.33 ± 52.81 mm3/s and 57.84 ± 45.11 mm3/s, respectively (P = 0.30). Mean blood flow in the RIMV was not significantly affected by whether the donor vein was the smaller vena comitans (70.78 ± 61.43 mm3/s) or the SIEV (44.90 ± 19.70 mm3/s; P = 0.40).Conclusions:Blood flow in the RIMV was less but not significantly different from flow in the AIMV. The difference is likely due to the smaller‐sized donor vein anastomosed to the RIMV. The RIMV is a reliable, useful option when the antegrade vein is not available, or when a second recipient vein is needed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Current role of the iliac crest flap in mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Sakuraba Minoru , Nagamatsu Shogo , Hayashi Ryuichi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the current role of the iliac crest osteocutaneous flap in mandibular reconstruction, with a focus on the reliability of its skin island. We reviewed outcomes in 18 cases of immediate mandibular reconstruction with the iliac crest flap. Intraoral mucosal defects were closed with the skin island of the iliac crest flap in 13 patients (iliac crest flap group) and were closed with another free flap, because of poor circulation of the iliac crest skin island, in five patients (double‐flap group). Postoperative results were poor in the iliac crest flap group. The rate of partial or total loss of the skin island was 46.2% in the iliac crest flap group and 20.0% in the double‐flap group. The presence of a dominant perforator did not reduce the overall rate of recipient‐site complications or reoperation. Combined use of another skin flap for intraoral lining provided better results. These results suggest that the skin island of the iliac crest flap should not be used for intraoral lining, unless adequate circulation of the skin island can be confirmed. If the circulation is questionable, combined use of another skin flap is strongly recommended. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Treatment of pelvic defect and infection with endoprosthesis exposure by topical negative pressure and irrigation with myocutaneous flap
Authors: Yoshida Sei , Yokoyama Ryohei , Sakamoto Akio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe treatment of wound complications and deep infection after hemipelvectomy is challenging. We describe a 17‐year‐old woman with Ewing sarcoma in the pelvis who underwent hemipelvectomy and reconstruction with an artificial hip joint and bone cement. After the operation, skin necrosis and deep infection with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were observed. Debridement resulted in exposure of the artificial joint and bone cement. Topical negative pressure (TNP) and irrigation successfully eradicated the infection. The skin and soft‐tissue defect was subsequently reconstructed using a combination of free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and serratus anterior muscle flap. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of combined TNP and irrigation with myocutaneous flap for the treatment of pelvic infection and skin and soft‐tissue defect with endoprosthesis exposure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Soft‐tissue management with immediate free flap transfer in segmental prosthetic replacement of proximal tibia sarcomas
Authors: Sönmez Erhan , Kamburoǧlu Haldun Onuralp , Aksu Ali̇ Emre , Nasir Serdar Nazi̇f , Evrenos Mustafa Kürşat , Şafak Tunç , Keçi̇k Abdullah 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKnee reconstruction with endoprosthesis after tumor resection is accepted as superior when compared with the other methods. But sometimes soft tissue reconstruction would be a challenging problem in this way of treatment. Five patients who were operated for tumor resection in this location, followed by reconstruction were presented with their one‐year post operative results. Four latissimus dorsi and one rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flaps were used in these patients in order to manage soft tissue problems. All patients underwent chemotherapy in postoperative period. All flaps were successful in one year post operative examination. In this report we would like to stress the importance of surgical planning and soft tissue reconstruction of a specific patient population. We think that large musculocutaneous flaps such as latissimus dorsi and rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps should be preferred in soft tissue reconstruction of knee region after tumor resection followed by prosthetic replacement. Additionally, this way of treatment is superior when compared to the other methods in order to prevent complications such as prosthesis exposure or infection. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
HSQC‐1,n‐ADEQUATE: a new approach to long‐range 13C13C correlation by covariance processing
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Hilton Bruce D. , Robert Willcott III M. , Blinov Kirill A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLong‐range, two‐dimensional heteronuclear shift correlation NMR methods play a pivotal role in the assembly of novel molecular structures. The well‐established GHMBC method is a high‐sensitivity mainstay technique, affording connectivity information via nJCH coupling pathways. Unfortunately, there is no simple way of determining the value of n and hence no way of differentiating two‐bond from three‐ and occasionally four‐bond correlations. Three‐bond correlations, however, generally predominate. Recent work has shown that the unsymmetrical indirect covariance or generalized indirect covariance processing of multiplicity edited GHSQC and 1,1‐ADEQUATE spectra provides high‐sensitivity access to a 13C13C connectivity map in the form of an HSQC‐1,1‐ADEQUATE spectrum. Covariance processing of these data allows the 1,1‐ADEQUATE connectivity information to be exploited with the inherent sensitivity of the GHSQC spectrum rather than the intrinsically lower sensitivity of the 1,1‐ADEQUATE spectrum itself. Data acquisition times and/or sample size can be substantially reduced when covariance processing is to be employed. In an extension of that work, 1,n‐ADEQUATE spectra can likewise be subjected to covariance processing to afford high‐sensitivity access to the equivalent of 4JCH GHMBC connectivity information. The method is illustrated using strychnine as a model compound. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of HR‐MAS NMR spectroscopy for studying chemotype variations of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Authors: Bharti S. K. , Bhatia Anil , Tewari S. K. , Sidhu O. P. , Roy Raja 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWithania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), commonly known as Ashwagandha, is one of the most valued Indian medicinal plants with a number of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Metabolic profiling has been performed by HR‐MAS NMR spectroscopy on fresh leaf and root tissue specimens from four chemotypes of W. somnifera. The HR‐MAS NMR spectroscopy of lyophilized defatted leaf tissue specimens clearly distinguishes resonances of medicinally important secondary metabolites (withaferin A and withanone) and its distinctive quantitative variability among the chemotypes. A total of 41 metabolites were identified from both the leaf and root tissues of the chemotypes. The presence of methanol in leaf and root tissues of W. somnifera was detected by HR‐MAS NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) on HR‐MAS 1H NMR spectra of leaves revealed clear variations in primary metabolites among the chemotypes. The results of the present study demonstrated an efficient method, which can be utilized for metabolite profiling of primary and secondary metabolites in medicinally important plants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.