bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser frequency stabilization for continuous-wave laser enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy system
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Fan Hongyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present the observation of high-precision direct frequency comb spectroscopy excited by an optical frequency comb and a diode laser when each of them drives one step of the two-photon transition in a rubidium vapor system. We demonstrate a stable and low noise system by directly locking the frequency of the continuous-wave laser to the rubidium two-photon transition. The frequency stability of a diode laser via the two-photon transition locking technique is 8 × 10−11 for a 1 s gate time and 3 × 10−12 for 1000 s. It proves to be a potential technique for locking the diode laser with high stability. We chose a suitable optical frequency comb pulse and the frequency of the diode laser to fulfill the double-resonance condition. These techniques eliminate spectrum line overlap and would benefit spectroscopy measurements.
Detecting secondary spin with extreme mass ratio inspirals in scalar-tensor theory*
Authors: Guo 郭 Hong 弘 , Zhang 张 Chao 超 , Liu 刘 Yunqi 云旗 , Yue 岳 Rui-Hong 瑞宏 , Gong 龚 Yun-Gui 云贵 , Wang 王 Bin 斌 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the detectability of the secondary spin in an extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) system within a modified gravity model coupled with a scalar field. The central black hole, which reduces to a Kerr one, is circularly spiralled by a scalar-charged spinning secondary body on the equatorial plane. The analysis reveals that the presence of the scalar field amplifies the secondary spin effect, allowing for a lower limit of the detectability and an improved resolution of the secondary spin when the scalar charge is sufficiently large. Our findings suggest that secondary spin detection is more feasible when the primary mass is not large, and TianQin is the optimal choice for detection.
Topology of surface electromyogram signals: hand gesture decoding on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Gowda Harshavardhana T , Miller Lee M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Decoding gestures from the upper limb using noninvasive surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals is of keen interest for the rehabilitation of amputees, artificial supernumerary limb augmentation, gestural control of computers, and virtual/augmented realities. We show that sEMG signals recorded across an array of sensor electrodes in multiple spatial locations around the forearm evince a rich geometric pattern of global motor unit (MU) activity that can be leveraged to distinguish different hand gestures. Approach. We demonstrate a simple technique to analyze spatial patterns of muscle MU activity within a temporal window and show that distinct gestures can be classified in both supervised and unsupervised manners. Specifically, we construct symmetric positive definite covariance matrices to represent the spatial distribution of MU activity in a time window of interest, calculated as pairwise covariance of electrical signals measured across different electrodes. Main results. This allows us to understand and manipulate multivariate sEMG timeseries on a more natural subspace—the Riemannian manifold. Furthermore, it directly addresses signal variability across individuals and sessions, which remains a major challenge in the field. sEMG signals measured at a single electrode lack contextual information such as how various anatomical and physiological factors influence the signals and how their combined effect alters the evident interaction among neighboring muscles. Significance. As we show here, analyzing spatial patterns using covariance matrices on Riemannian manifolds allows us to robustly model complex interactions across spatially distributed MUs and provides a flexible and transparent framework to quantify differences in sEMG signals across individuals. The proposed method is novel in the study of sEMG signals and its performance exceeds the current benchmarks while being computationally efficient.
STRAW-b (STRings for Absorption length in Water-b): the second pathfinder mission for the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
Authors: Holzapfel K. , Spannfellner C. , Aghaei O. , Baron A. , Bedard J. , Böhmer M. , Bosma J. , Deis N. , Fink C. , Fruck C. , Gärtner A. , Gernhäuser R. , Henningsen F. , Hotte R. , Jenkyns R. , Karl M. , Khera Na. , Khera Ni. , Kulin I. , Lam A. , Lavallee T. , Leismüller K. , Papp L. , Pirenne B. , Price E. , Qiu T. , Rea I.C. , Resconi E. , Round A. , Rott C. , Ruskey A. , Ruohan L. , Sasaki K. , Tradewell M. , Traxler M. , Vivolo D. , Wagner S. , Winter E.L. , Wolf M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 2018, the potential for a high-energy neutrino telescope, named the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE), has been thoroughly examined by two pathfinder missions, STRAW and STRAW-b, short for STRAW and STRAW-b. The P-ONE project seeks to install a neutrino detector with a one cubic kilometer volume in the Cascadia Basin's deep marine surroundings, situated near the western shores of Vancouver Island, Canada. To assess the environmental conditions and feasibility of constructing a neutrino detector of that scale, the pathfinder missions, STRAW and STRAW-b, have been deployed at a depth of 2.7 km within the designated site for P-ONE and were connected to the NEPTUNE observatory, operated by Ocean Networks Canada (ONC). While STRAW focused on analyzing the optical properties of water in the Cascadia Basin, STRAW-b employed cameras and spectrometers to investigate the characteristics of bioluminescence in the deep-sea environment. This report introduces the STRAW-b concept, covering its scientific objectives and the instrumentation used. Furthermore, it discusses the design considerations implemented to guarantee a secure and dependable deployment process of STRAW-b. Additionally, it showcases the data collected by battery-powered loggers, which monitored the mechanical stress on the equipment throughout the deployment. The report also offers an overview of STRAW-b's operation, with a specific emphasis on the notable advancements achieved in the data acquisition (DAQ) system and its successful integration with the server infrastructure of ONC.
Flipping of temperature and precipitation trends over the Indian subcontinent due to diametrically opposing influence of GHGs and aerosols
Authors: Shilin Anokha , Ghosh Subimal , Karmakar Subhankar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Despite significant development in the Earth system models (ESMs) and releases of several coupled model intercomparison projects (CMIPs), the evolving patterns of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its future trajectory is still uncertain, with low confidence in its direction. This could be because of differential impacts from increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) and aerosol concentrations. We found that the observed pre-2000 (1951–2000) declining monsoon was likely attributed to the increasing aerosol concentrations. On the contrary, the reported revival of post-2000 monsoon rainfall is due to GHG dominance. These are spatiotemporally consistent with individual CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6) ESM simulations with GHG and aerosols separately. Similar results were obtained for temperature in India, which showed no to low warming signal in pre-2000 due to aerosol-driven cooling. The dominance of GHG impacts has increased India’s warming trend in post-2000. This research highlights a notable trend in temperature and precipitation across the Indian subcontinent during the past two decades, emphasizing the dynamic character of climate change explained by contrasting anthropogenic influences, including GHGs and aerosols.
Understanding compound extreme precipitations preconditioned by heatwaves over China under climate change
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Chen Jie , Yin Jiabo , Su Tianhua , Xiong Lihua , Xia Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Compared with individual heatwaves or storm events, the compound extreme precipitations preconditioned by heatwaves (CHEPs) usually amplify their adverse repercussions on both ecosystems and society. However, little is known about the physical mechanisms of generations, especially considering precipitation types triggered by various factors and synoptic patterns. By classifying extreme precipitations based on duration, we conduct an event-based analysis and comprehensively assess CHEPs using the machine learning-constrained framework and binning scaling methods over China. We find the fraction of CHEPs to total extreme short-duration/long-duration precipitations (ESDPs/ELDPs) has substantially increased by 18%/15% from 1979 to 2021, when using dry-bulb temperature to identify heatwaves. More notably, the hotspots of CHEPs are generally consistent with those of ESDPs. The ESDPs play a dominant role in shaping CHEPs episodes, which are governed by enhancing atmospheric instability due to preconditioned heatwaves. The horizontal moisture advection and transient vertical dynamic motion of moisture, which are paramount to LDPs, is not significantly enhanced by the overheating atmosphere, leading to a small fraction of LDPs to CHEPs. In addition, the intensity of ESDPs tends to increase with air temperature at higher rates than that of ELDPs. As short-duration storms may trigger severe flash floods, ample attention should be paid to the escalating risks of CHEPs under climate change.
Heat transport into the interior ocean induced by water-mass subduction
Authors: Liu Lingling , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan , Ren Qiuping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The subduction of oceanic water masses provides a crucial pathway for anthropogenic heat to enter the subsurface ocean, thereby shaping deep-reaching warming signatures. Analyzing data from eight ocean and atmosphere reanalysis datasets, we show that the average annual subduction rate of the global ocean (excluding 10° S–10° N) is 312.4 ± 27.9 Sv, resulting in a mean heat transport of 20.2 ± 2.1 PW towards the subsurface ocean. This subduction-driven heat transport has exhibited an increase of 0.09 ± 0.08 PW/decade since 1970. The increase predominantly stems from the overall enhancement of subduction within the latitudes of 30° S–50° S, dictated by intensified westerly winds that lead to the deepening of the local mixed layer depth. Our findings underscore the essence of wind-driven changes in the Southern Ocean subduction, which wield considerable influence over the global climate by regulating the vertical transport of heat and carbon from the sea surface to the deep waters.
Motion Detection System Using Passive Infrared Technology
Authors: Amuta E.O. , Sobola G.O. , Eseabasi O. , Dike H. N. , Matthew S. , Agbetuyi A.F. , Wara S. T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Having technology around us that can be used for household and entertainment purposes to signal any potential threat in our surroundings and trigger alerts is vital. The study designed a technology that is aimed at providing security to the environment and properties since it can detect movement at a certain angle and also give an alert. The system used a Passive infrared radiation (PIR) module HC-SR501 to detect motion and an Arduino uno microcontroller unit (MCU) to process and control the sensor data. The PIR sensors detect infrared radiation emitted by moving objects, such as human beings or animals. Several tests showed that the system performed well under different conditions, with the PIR sensor able to detect motion at different sensitivities distances, and angles. The designed prototype system reveals that our environment, properties, and even human lives can be secured, hence the technology can be deployed as a surveillance. However, the limitation could be power outages from public utilities, in terms of functionality.
In silico studies of benzimidazole derivatives as sustainable inhibitors against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ogunnupebi T A , Oduselu G O , Elebiju O F , Ajani O O , Adebiyi E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is becoming more rampant in our world today, and different measures are being taken to combat this challenge. Benzimidazoles are classified as heterocyclic compounds with notable pharmacological properties. As a result, benzimidazole has been combined with other compounds that have remarkable actions to create a more potent molecule. Exploring these substances to combat antibacterial resistance would therefore aid in achieving good health and wellbeing and promote sustainable development. Predicting the effectiveness of the compounds before manufacturing and clinical testing has made drug design easy. This study employs in silico methods like molecular docking to investigate alternate antibacterial agents from a library of benzimidazole derivatives. A library of compounds with a benzimidazole template was screened against the three-dimensional (3D) structure of peptidoglycan transpeptidase (PPB2A) of Staphylococcus aureus. Two binding sites were identified in the protein: the main site and the allosteric site. Molecular docking was done on the main and allosteric sites to obtain free binding energy ranging from -7.3 to -5.8 and -4.9 to -4.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The predictive Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) experiments were done on the compounds to ascertain their safety. The results were compared to those of known antibiotics, and the compounds performed effectively. The benzimidazole derivative can be adopted as a prospective antibacterial agent with an alternative pathway for combating resistance issues and enhancing the quality of health and well-being globally.
Design of Potential Inhibitors of Pf5-ALAS in Liver Stage Plasmodium falciparum: A Sustainable Chemotherapeutic Approach to Address Antimalarial Resistance
Authors: Elebiju O. F. , Oduselu G. O. , Ogunnupebi T. A. , Ajani O. O. , Adebiyi E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum delta-aminolevulinate synthase (Pf5-ALAS) is the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, and it is a liver stage specific enzyme in the developmental stages of Plasmodium falciparum. 8-amino quinoline derivatives have been reported to be active against liver stage parasite and hence was used as a template in the design of 12 derivatives as sustainable chemotherapeutics that were screened in this study designed as potential inhibitors of Pf5-ALAS. The target was modelled due to the unavailability of its experimentally validated 3-dimensional (3D) structure. The binding energy of all 12 designed compounds ranged from -7.9 to -9.1 Kcal/mol which all performed better than primaquine a known inhibitor of liver stage malaria. All twelve designed compounds had comparatively good pharmacokinetic profiles and did not present a toxicity risk, according to in silico ADMET prediction. The position and presence of a functional group that introduces a synergistic impact and subsequently raises the binding energy are highlighted in the qualitative structural assessment of the top three hits. This might pave way to highly economical new antimalarial therapeutic for sustainability health and wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
Evaluation Of the Antifungal Activity of Cassia fistula (Linn) On Phytopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Citrus sinensis
Authors: Oniha M. I. , Onunkwo O. A. , Oyejide S. O. , Ajayi A. A. , Taiwo O. S. , Ahuekwe E.F. , Isibor P. O. , Omonigbehin C. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Citrus sinensis is a prominent tropical fruit with nutritional and economic benefits for humans. However, it can also be plagued by fungal diseases, causing global economic and production reduction. The extensive application of synthetic fungicides in agricultural systems has posed increased toxicological risks to humans and ecosystems. However, the varying phytochemicals found in medicinal plants have enabled them to be regarded as safe and effective alternatives. However, few studies have evaluated the use of Cassia fistula extracts as potential bio-fungicides. This research purposed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Cassia fistula leaflet extracts against phytopathogenic fungi. Ethanol as well as aqueous extracts of Cassia fistula leaves were assessed for antifungal activity. The agar well-diffusion technique was implemented for in vitro screening, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of all different extracts against isolated fungal species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Geotrichum. All fungal isolates identified from the spoiled oranges were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Preliminary phytochemical screening exhibited the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, quinones and saponins in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. At 1000 mg/ml, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts had the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus (40 mm) and Fusarium sp. (38 mm), respectively. Both extracts had no antifungal activity against A. fumigatus at 62.5 mg/ml but zones of inhibition were observed from the positive and negative controls of ketoconazole and DMSO, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were evaluated at 62.5 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml, respectively. This study’s findings demonstrated the antifungal potential of C. fistula leaf extracts as a bio-fungicidal agent against fungal invasion in plants.
Influence of Rice Straw Ash on Workability and Strength of Concrete
Authors: Ezenkwa C. S. , Ede A. N. , Ogbaga C. K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cement manufacturing is a major contributor to the waste of energy as about 3.4GJ of thermal energy is needed to produce 1 tonne of Portland cement, not to mention the emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon di oxide due to the calcination of limestone during Portland cement production. These emissions have caused a dramatic rise in global warming. There is a pressing need for innovative recycling technology that can reduce the negative effects of waste on ecosystems and people. Rice straws are the waste produced after the threshing of rice. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of rice straw ash on workability and strength of concrete. The rice straw used was the straw of a specific rice variety locally called mass I gotten from Akpugo, Enugu, Nigeria. The rice straw was calcined by open burning to produce the rice straw ash (RSA). The materials used were preliminary tested to determine their physical properties and chemical composition. The rice straw ash was used to replace Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% respectively. The workability and compressive strength test were done for all replacement levels. Using slump test, the concrete workability was evaluated. For this study, 72 cubes were cast, cured in water for 7, 14, 21, and 28days before been tested under compression. From the investigation, percentage increase in RSA replacement decreased the concrete workability. The sample containing 0%, 5%, and 10% RSA attained 9%, 6.1% and 2.2% more strength compared to the design strength at 28th day of curing. While the 15%, 20% and 30% attained 17.3%, 28.9% and 67.6% lower strength compared to the design strength at 28th day of curing. The experimental result was analysed using statistical product and service solution (SPSS) and excel spreadsheet regression (ESR). This study suggests that the optimum replacement level of rice straw ash from structural reinforced grade 25 concrete point of view is 10%. The predictive models were tested and found to be adequate.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR): Enhancing the Roles of Women in the Construction Industry
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni P , Aigbavboa C , Oke A , Adejola F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution proposes a better work pattern which connects physical and virtual spaces, thereby providing flexible working hours, better working conditions and improved safety that is appealing to women. This is particularly important for women in physically demanding fields such as construction. However, little is known about the specific roles of construction women in the fourth industrial revolution. This paper sets out to fill this gap by assessing the roles of construction women in the 4IR. It uses questionnaire survey to obtain responses from women construction professionals in Lagos, Nigeria. From the survey analysis, the main roles of construction women were in building construction areas where women have created a niche for themselves as a result of male domination, physically demanding and unsafe nature of construction. Theoretically, this study contributes to knowledge on women and the 4IR. It also enhances our understanding of the roles of construction women in the 4IR. Practically, the findings provide information for the development of effective 4IR skill programs for construction women in the study area.
Residents’ Satisfaction with Neighbourhood Socio-economic Environment of the Public Sector Employee Housing Schemes in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinola A. O. , Ibem E.O. , Opoko A.P. , Oluwatayo A.A. , Aduwo E. B. , Ugah U.K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the major strategies implemented by both the private and public sectors in the provision of mass housing for their workers in Nigeria is the employee housing scheme. However, not much is known about the occupants’ satisfaction with neighborhood Socio-economic environment of housing provided through this scheme in a large metropolitan area such as Lagos State, where several housing estates have been developed under this scheme. Satisfaction with neighborhood socio-economic environment in nine public-sector employee housing estates in Lagos State, Nigeria was explored. A cross-sectional survey research design involving quantitative research approach was adopted. The survey was carried out between September, 2020 and March, 2021. Using Stratified Sampling, the estates/locations were grouped into Local government areas. Cluster sampling technique was used to select the local governments areas. Also, purposive technique was used to select 688 housing units in the nine purposively selected housing estates. Out of 688 questionnaires administered, about 500 copies of the administered questionnaire were correctly filled and returned by the participants and the information were subjected to descriptive statistics. Statistical package for Social Science(SPSS) was used to analyze the data. The results pointed out that the key respondents were most pleased with the extent of safe keeping of lives and property in the estate, outdoor air quality in the estate, extent of religious activities in the estate and least pleased with extent of collective activities in the estate, extent of noise in the housing estates and price of services and goods within and around the estate. Therefore, to improve neighborhood socio-economic environment satisfaction, residents in public sector employee housing schemes should give priority attention to the key features that ensure residents’ satisfaction in existing and future housing projects.