bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using classification methods to label tasks in process mining
Authors: Buffett Scott , Geng Liqiang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigate a method designed to improve the accuracy of process mining in scenarios where the identification of task labels for log events is uncertain. Such situations are prevalent in business processes where events consist of communications between people, such as email messages. We examine how the accuracy of an independent task identifier, such as a classification or clustering engine, can be improved by examining the currently mined process model. First, a classification scheme based on identifying the keywords in each message is presented to provide an initial labeling. We then demonstrate how these labels can be refined by considering the likelihood that the event represents a particular task as obtained via an analysis of the current representation of the process model. This process is then repeated a number of times until the model is sufficiently refined. Results show that both keyword classification and the current process model analysis can be significantly effective on their own, and when combined have the potential to correct virtually all errors when noise is low (less than 20%), and can reduce the error rate by about 85% when noise is in the 30–40% range. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada.
Balancing uncertainty of context in ERP project estimation: an approach and a case study
Authors: Daneva Maya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe increasing demand for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solutions as well as the high rates of troubled ERP implementations and outright cancellations calls for developing effort estimation practices to systematically deal with uncertainties in ERP projects. This paper describes an approach—and a case study—to balancing uncertainties of context in the very early project stages, when an ERP adopter initiates a request‐for‐proposal process and when alternative bids are to be compared for the purpose of choosing an implementation partner. The proposed empirical approach leverages the complementary application of three techniques, an algorithmic estimation model, Monte Carlo simulation, and portfolio management. Our case study findings show how the ability of our approach to model uncertainty allows practitioners to address the challenging question of how to adjust project context factors so that chances of project success are increased. We also include a discussion on the implications of our approach for practice as well as on the possible validity threats and what the practitioner could do to counterpart them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Low‐Valent Group 14 Element Compounds
Authors: Johnson Brian P. , Almstätter Stefan , Dielmann Fabian , Bodensteiner Michael , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe tetravalent germanium and tin compounds of the general formulae Ph*EX3 (Ph* = C6H3Trip‐2,6, Trip = C6H2iPr3‐2,4,6; E = Sn, X = Cl (1a), Br (1b); E = Ge, X = Cl (2)) are synthesized by reaction of Ph*Li·OEt2 with EX4. The subsequent reaction of 1a,b with LiP(SiMe3)2 leads to Ph*EP(SiMe3)2 (E = Sn (3), Ge (4)) and the diphosphane (Me3Si)2PP(SiMe3)2 by a redox reaction. In an alternative approach 3 and 4 are synthesized by using the corresponding divalent compounds Ph*ECl (E = Ge, Sn) in the reaction with LiP(SiMe3)2. The reactivity of Ph*SnCl is extensively investigated to give with LiP(H)Trip a tin(II)‐phosphane derivative Ph*SnP(H)Trip (6) and with Li2PTrip a proposed product [Ph*SnPTrip]– (7) with multiple bonding between tin and phosphorus. The latter feature is confirmed by DFT calculations on a model compound [PhSnPPh]–. The reaction with Li[H2PW(CO)5] gives the oxo‐bridged tin compound [Ph*Sn{W(CO)5}(μ‐O)2SnPh*] (8) as the only isolable product. However, the existence of 8 as the bis‐hydroxo derivative [Ph*Sn{W(CO)5}(μ‐OH)2SnPh*] (8a) is also possible. The SnIV derivatives Ph*Sn(OSiMe3)2Cl (9) and [Ph*Sn(μ‐O)Cl]2 (10) are obtained by the oxidation of Ph*SnCl with bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide and with Me3NO, respectively. Besides the spectroscopic characterization of the isolated products compounds 1a, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 10 are additionally characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Do tigers displace leopards? If so, why?
Authors: Odden Morten , Wegge Per , Fredriksen Trude 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigated predictions concerning the competitive relationships between tigers Panthera tigris and leopards Panthera pardus in Bardia National Park, Nepal, based on spatial distributions of scats and territorial markings (sign), analyses of scat content and census of wild ungulate prey. Medium‐sized ungulates, in particular chital Axis axis, was the main food of both predators, but leopards consumed significantly larger proportions of domestic animals, small mammals, and birds than tigers. Tiger sign were never found outside the park, while leopard sign occurred both inside and outside, and were significantly closer to the park border than tiger sign. Significantly higher prey densities at locations of tiger sign than that of leopards were mainly due to a preference of the latter species for the park border areas. Our results imply that interference competition––and not competition for food––was a limiting factor for the leopard population, whose distribution was restricted to the margins of the tiger territories. We suggest that the composition of the prey base is a key factor in understanding the different results and interpretations reported in studies on tiger/leopard coexistence. There are two potential mechanisms that link interference competition and prey: (1) low abundance of large ungulate prey decreases foraging efficiency of tigers, leading to increased energetic stress and aggression towards leopards; and (2) increased diet overlap due to scarcity of large prey leads to increased encounter rates and increased levels of interference competition.
Lean, leaner, too lean? The inventory‐performance link revisited
Authors: Eroglu Cuneyt , Hofer Christian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhile firms increasingly adopt lean inventory practices, there is limited evidence that inventory leanness leads to improved firm performance. This study reexamines this relationship in an attempt to overcome some shortcomings of previous research. To that end, a theory‐based measure of inventory leanness, which takes into account industry‐specific inventory management characteristics, is proposed. The analysis of a large panel data set of U.S. manufacturing companies reveals that the significance and shape of the inventory–performance relationship varies substantially across industries. This relationship is significant in two‐thirds of the 54 industries studied. In most of these instances, the relationship is concave, suggesting that there is an optimum level of inventory leanness beyond which firm performance deteriorates. A post‐hoc analysis is conducted to identify industry‐level characteristics that may determine the nature the inventory–performance relationship. Managerial implications are discussed and several opportunities for future research are outlined.
Le Bon, la Brute et le Raciste. Analyse de la couverture médiatique de l'opinion publique pendant la «crise» des accommodements raisonnables au Québec
Authors: Giasson Thierry , Brin Colette , Sauvageau Marie-Michele 
Published: May 2010

Résumé.De mars 2006 à décembre 2007, le Québec a été secoué par un débat sociétal sur la question de la gestion de la diversité culturelle. Cette «crise» aurait été alimentée par untsunami médiatiquetraitant de divers cas d'accommodements juridiques ou d'ajustements administratifs accordés dans les services publics à des citoyens québécois issus de l'immigration dans la grande région de Montréal (Giasson et coll., 2008). Par le biais d'une couverture étendue, les médias ont attiré l'attention de la population sur ces pratiques d'accommodement. L'article présente les données exploratoires d'une analyse de contenu de la couverture faite par onze journaux québécois du climat de l'opinion des Québécois en matière de diversité et d'immigration pendant la phase intensive de développement du débat. L'étude montre que dans leur analyse des sondages d'opinion et dans la présentation générale des tendances de l'opinion publique sur les accommodements raisonnables, les journaux ont mis l'accent sur l'évaluation du malaise des répondants envers l'immigration et la diversité religieuse plutôt que sur l'ouverture de la population québécoise envers la diversité et sur l'apport social de l'immigration, renforçant ainsi davantage l'impression populaire qu'une crise sociale majeure se déroulait et qu'il existait un fossé entre les Québécois «de souche», les Québécois issus de l'immigration et les autres Canadiens.Abstract.From March 2006 to December 2007, the province of Quebec experienced a contentious public debate on diversity. The “crisis” was fueled by a “media tsunami” during which news outlets actively reported on numerous cases of reasonable accommodation practices or administrative agreements in public services granted in the Greater Montreal region to citizens of immigrant background (Giasson et al., 2008). Through this extensive coverage, the media brought these instances of accommodation to the public's attention. The research studies the press coverage that 11 daily newspapers dedicated to the state of public opinion in Quebec during the active and intense development phase of the “crisis”. The study shows that in their analysis of polls and their general framing of the mood of public opinion towards reasonable accommodation, newspapers focused mostly on the malaise in the population toward immigration and religious diversity rather than on its openness to diversity and to the positive social outcomes of immigration. In doing so, the media further anchored the popular impression that a serious social crisis was ongoing and that a wide gap in tolerance existed between Francophone Quebeckers, Quebeckers of recent immigrant background and other Canadians.
The Land of the Free and The Elements of Style
Authors: Pullum Geoffrey K. 
Published: May 2010

The Elements of Style (henceforth, Elements) is a slender book of advice on usage and writing, revised by the admired novelist and essayist E. B. White from a book by his former English professor. White did well to accept Macmillan's suggestion that he should revise and expand his former professor's book for commercial republication: successive editions of the revision sold over ten million copies. Many college-educated Americans revere Elements, swear by it, carry it around with them. It was reissued in in April 2009 to a chorus of approval from famous American literary figures. One fan has published a whole book about its history (Garvey, 2009).The title of Elements suggests a focus on style, but in fact much of it concerns grammar. The final chapter, ‘An Approach to Style’, opens by characterizing the earlier parts of the book as ‘concerned with what is correct, or acceptable, in the use of English’, and not with ‘style in its broader meaning’; and indeed, Elements is frequently cited as an authority on questions of grammar.I believe the success of Elements to be one of the worst things to have happened to English language education in America in the past century. The book's style advice, largely vapid and obvious (‘Do not overwrite’; ‘Be clear’), may do little damage; but the numerous statements about grammatical correctness are actually harmful. They are riddled with inaccuracies, uninformed by evidence, and marred by bungled analysis. Elements is a dogmatic bookful of bad usage advice, and the people who rely on it have no idea how badly off-beam its grammatical claims are. In this essay I provide some illustrations, and a review of some of the book's most striking faults.
The grocer's apostrophe: popular prescriptivism in the 21st century
Authors: Beal Joan C. 
Published: May 2010

“Some shops use an apostrophe, wrongly, to indicate an plural (‘pea's’), but will generally omit the apostrophe when one is actually required (‘new seasons asparagus’), a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the greengrocer's (or grocer's) apostrophe. Try to avoid this.” (Marsh & Hodsdon (eds), 2008: 5)In this article, I shall examine a range of evidence from printed and web-based sources to gauge the extent of interest in punctuation, and the kinds of discourse employed in discussion of these matters. I shall also compare this with the comparative lack of attention paid to punctuation by 18th-century ‘prescriptivists’. I shall also consider why prescriptivism has returned with such a vengeance in the 21st century, and why punctuation is a focus of attention.
Running for office
Authors: Tulloch Alexander 
Published: May 2010

By the time you read this article we in Great Britain will probably have been through the process (or should that be charade?) of a general election when we will all be expected to choose who will represent (or misrepresent) us in Parliament. Any day now politicians will start running around kissing babies and turning up on our doorsteps asking for our support. Currying favour with the electorate they will even offer to take the old and infirm to the polling stations in the hope that such beneficence will encourage their charges to cast their votes for them. And of course they will attempt to persuade us that their party is the only one with the policies necessary to get us out of the economic mire we find ourselves in, omitting to say that politicians helped put us there in the first place. O tempora, o mores!For the origins of the terminology we use in politics we must turn, as is so often the case, to ancient Greek and Latin for the answers to our questions.
Effect of fire on the germination of spores ofPteridium caudatum, an invasive fern
Authors: Ramírez Trejo María del Rosario , Pérez-García Blanca , Pérez-Salicrup Diego R. , Orozco-Segovia Alma 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:Pteridium caudatumis a fern that frequently invades burnt areas in the Yucatán Peninsula and other neotropical sites. While post-fire regeneration of this fern apparently occurs mainly by vegetative means, little is known about the role of its spores in post-fire regeneration and in colonization of newly invaded fields. Central to these questions is whether bracken fern spores maintain their viability after fires. Here we experimentally evaluate the effect of fire-induced temperatures onPteridium caudatumspore germination. We used 1200-cm3blocks containing a constant fuel load of 47.4 g of litter, in which we placed spores at three different depths. The blocks were then ignited, and temperatures at each depth were monitored at 1-min intervals for 2 h. One day after the experimental fires, spores were dug out and cultured at 25 °C and 12-h light/dark cycles. Soil temperatures decreased significantly in relation to depth during fires. Spores on the surface were severely affected by fire, while those buried at 1 and 3 cm showed 77% germination. Germination in unburned controls was 86%. Our results suggest that during fires,Pteridium caudatumspores buried a few centimetres below the surface have a high percentage of viability, which could explain the rapid establishment of this species in burnt fields.
Climatic variables and altitude as predictors of anuran species richness and number of reproductive modes in Brazil
Authors: Vasconcelos Tiago da Silveira , Santos Tiago Gomes dos , Haddad Célio Fernando Baptista , Rossa-Feres Denise de Cerqueira 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:Because anuran species are highly dependent on environmental variables, we hypothesized that anuran species richness and the number of reproductive modes from different Brazilian localities vary according to climatic and altitudinal variables. Published data were compiled from 36 Brazilian localities and climatic and altitudinal data were extracted from an available database. A partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) showed that 23.5% of the data set's variation was explained by climatic and altitudinal data, while the remaining 76.5% remained unexplained. This analysis suggests that other factors not analysed herein may also be important for predicting anuran species richness and the number of reproductive modes in Brazil. Altitude and total annual rainfall were positively correlated with anuran species richness and the number of reproductive modes, and total annual rainfall was strongly associated with these two biotic variables in the triplot of pRDA. The positive association of total annual rainfall and the negative association of the concentration of annual rainfall were already expected based on physiological and reproductive requirements of anurans. On the other hand, temperature was not associated with richness or the number of reproductive modes.
Secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles in a Colombian rain forest: effects of dung type and defecation pattern on seed fate
Authors: Santos-Heredia Carolina , Andresen Ellen , Zárate Diego A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:In rain forests the fate of seeds defecated by mammals is often affected by dung beetles, but these effects can vary with mammal species. In a Colombian forest, differences in Scarabaeinae assemblages attracted to spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) and howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) defecations were assessed. In total, 791 beetles of 35 species were captured. Mean number of individuals was similar for both dung types; mean number of species was higher forAlouattatraps. The effects of dung type (Alouattavs.Ateles) and defecation pattern (clumped vs. scattered) on the fate of 220Rollinia edulis(Annonaceae) seeds were determined. Burial by beetles occurred for 61% of the seeds (mean depth 2.6 cm). Seeds inAlouattadung and in clumped defecations had higher burial rates. Horizontal movement (mean 11 cm) occurred for 80% of the seeds; no significant effects of experimental factors were detected. Survival was higher for buried vs. surface seeds. In a separate experiment, no differences were detected between dung types in the proportion of seeds buried by beetles. Changes in dung texture might have been responsible for the contrasting results. When assessing the effectiveness of an endozoochorous plant–mammal interaction, secondary dispersal by dung beetles should be addressed too.
Is nest temperature an important factor for niche partitioning by leaf-litter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Bornean rain forests?
Authors: Mezger Dirk , Pfeiffer Martin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:We tested the hypothesis that species of a diverse leaf-litter ant community are separated by the temperature preferences of their broods along a thermal gradient. Therefore, temperature preferences of brood-tending workers from 41 ant species co-occurring in four types (alluvial, limestone, kerangas and dipterocarp forest) of primary rain forest in Sarawak, Malaysia were measured in an experimental set-up. Preferred temperatures of species ranged from 16.0 °C to 31.7 °C, with the median at 25.8 °C. The ten commonest species (n ≥ 4) showed significantly different temperature preferences. In particular, species of the genusPheidolediffered clearly in their preferences over a broad range of temperatures. Temperature preferences varied significantly among ant assemblages from different forest types and nest sites. Experimentally obtained temperature preferences of species correlated significantly with vegetation density in the plots inhabited by the respective species, but not with plot canopy cover. When we tested the temperature preferences of all ant species with null models for niche overlap, we found a significant niche separation only among the tested species from the kerangas. Our results suggest that nest temperature is an important ecological factor for leaf-litter ants in rain forests on Borneo, but other factors may override its influence during community assembly.
Commentary: Calibrating the Moral Compass
Authors: Holzman Ian R. 
Published: May 2010

There is nothing more humbling to one’s inner moral compass than to realize that you do not initially know what is right or wrong! I found myself in just such a situation after reading the above case. Much has been written, both in the professional literature and the popular media, about the “Ashley Treatment” since Gunther and Diekema published their article in 2006. It is unclear if others in the United States or around the world have, to any significant degree, adopted growth attenuation therapy and/or surgical intervention for children with severe neurological compromise, but the case quoted above suggests that hospital ethics committees may also be struggling with these decisions. An informal survey of pediatric endocrinologists, mentioned in a recent article on the topic, claims that many physicians are facing this dilemma as well.
Trotz Blasenexstrophie ein gutes Leben haben: Untersuchung zum Leben und Umgang mit Blasenexstrophie
Authors: Seliner Brigitte , Gobet Rita , Metzenthin Petra , Spirig Rebecca 
Published: May 2010

Die Blasenexstrophie (BE) stellt eine seltene, aber die schwerste urogenitale Fehlbildung dar und benötigt ein komplexes klinisches Management. Sie kann zu körperlichen, psychosozialen und psychosexuellen Beeinträchtigungen führen. Mit dieser qualitativen Studie wurde erstmals das Leben und der Umgang mit BE von der Kindheit bis zum frühen Alter (60 bis 80 Jahre) beschrieben. Das primäre Ziel war, Information zu gewinnen, um das Behandlungs- und Beratungsangebot für Betroffene am Kinderspital Zürich zu optimieren. Mit 16 Männern und 4 Frauen wurden halbstrukturierte Interviews geführt. Die Analyse anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse brachte drei Hauptkategorien zutage, mit zwei respektive fünf Subkategorien. In der ersten Hauptkategorie «Trotz BE ein gutes Leben haben» wird beschrieben, wie die Betroffenen trotz BE ihr Leben als etwas Gutes wahrnehmen. Diese Hauptkategorie beinhaltet krankheitsbezogene Episoden und Erfahrungen wie «Im Spital sein», «Mit Symptomen leben», «Anderssein» «Sich offenbaren» und «Informationen suchen». In der zweiten Hauptkategorie werden «die Mitbetroffenen» wie «die Partner/-in» und «die Eltern» beschrieben, welche von der BE beeinflusst werden und eine große Unterstützung leisten. Die Wahrnehmung und Erfahrungen der Betroffenen werden durch vier individuelle und kontextuelle Faktoren beeinflusst, die in der dritten Hauptkategorie beschrieben werden.
Das Ehrenamt bei der Unterstützung von Pflegebedürftigen und ihren Familien: Profil und Motive
Authors: Fringer André , Mayer Herbert , Schnepp Wilfried 
Published: May 2010

Pflegende Angehörige werden zunehmend durch bürgerschaftlich Engagierte im häuslichen Bereich mit sogenannten «niedrigschwelligen» Entlastungsangeboten unterstützt, da sie oft mit der Pflege überfordert sind. Über die Notwendigkeit von bürgerschaftlichem Engagement in diesem Bereich können in der Literatur zudem unterschiedliche Aspekte, die das Profil der Ehrenamtlichen beschreiben, identifiziert werden. Die Leitidee einer «neuen Kultur des Helfens» findet in unterschiedlichen Modellprogrammen ihren Ausdruck. Im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2008 wurde ein solches Modellprojekt in NRW, das niedrigschwellige Entlastung für pflegende Angehörige anbietet, mithilfe eines Fallstudiendesigns wissenschaftlich begleitet. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, das Profil der Ehrenamtlichen darzustellen, deren Motive zu erfassen und Gründe für den Ausstieg aus dem Modellvorhaben zu identifizieren. Insgesamt wurden N = 52 Ehrenamtliche mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen vor ihrem ersten Einsatz in der Häuslichkeit und nach sechs Monaten im Einsatz befragt. Die Motivationen für das Engagement unterscheiden sich zwischen der Erst- und der Zweitbefragung insbesondere bei der «Aufwandsentschädigung» und dem «Bedürfnis nach Stärkung des Selbstwertgefühls» signifikant. Die Aufwandsentschädigung an sich stellt primär keinen Anreiz dar, um sich als Ehrenamtlicher motivieren zu lasen; sie ist jedoch ein nicht zu unterschätzender Aspekt der Anerkennung für geleistete Hilfen.