bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of very fast transients in gas‐insulated substation via terminal and capacitance components—feasibility study
Authors: Tavakoli Ahmad , Gholami Ahmad , Alamuti Mohsen Mohammadi 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYReportedly, the switching operation in a gas‐insulated substation (GIS) can lead to deformation of transformer winding. Also, electromagnetic fields radiated because of switching operations get coupled to the control equipment or data cables present in the GIS. These problems during switching operations in the GIS depend on the wave shape of the very fast transient overvoltages (VFTOs) and the associated very fast transient currents (VFTCs). Available methods are utilizing ferromagnetic rings and resistors to suppress the stresses created by very fast transient (VFT) from the source side. These equipment are mounted on the conductors linked to the disconnector. However, current methods are only applicable before installation period and during the substation design stage. The aim of this paper is to investigate feasible methods for mitigation of the overvoltage magnitude of VFT and suppression of the resonant frequencies amplitude at the power transformer. The proposed method utilizes terminal and capacitance components to suppress VFTs in GIS. Its advantages are their simplicity and low cost of implementation along with producing minimal changes in the installed GIS. The effectiveness of the proposed method to mitigate overvoltage magnitude and resonant frequencies amplitude of VFT is presented via simulation. In addition, the amplitude and frequency spectrum of the VFTO and VFTC at the various locations have been analyzed in this paper. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meliarachins A–K: Eleven Limonoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Melia azedarach
Authors: Su Zu‐Shang , Yang Sheng‐Ping , Zhang Sheng , Dong Lei , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEleven new limonoids, meliarachins A–K (1–11, resp.), together with five known ones, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Melia azedarach. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 4 and 8 exhibited moderate antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive bacteria.
Isocyanide‐Based Three‐Component Synthesis of Pyrano‐pyrido‐quinoxalines
Authors: Akbarzadeh Roya , Amanpour Tayebeh , Mirzaei Peiman , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPyrano‐pyrido‐quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized in good yields by a three‐component reaction of isocyanides, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and pyrido[1,2‐a]quinoxaline‐triones in DMF at 100°.
Coffee intake and breast cancer risk in the NIH‐AARP diet and health study cohort
Authors: Gierach Gretchen L. , Freedman Neal D. , Andaya Abegail , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Park Yikyung , Schatzkin Arthur , Brinton Louise A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere are several biologic mechanisms whereby coffee might reduce breast cancer risk. Caffeine and caffeic acid, major coffee constituents, have been shown to suppress mammary tumor formation in animal models and to inhibit DNA methylation in human breast cancer cells, respectively. Coffee may also reduce risk through decreasing inflammation and influencing estrogen metabolism. However, epidemiologic studies have been inconsistent and few studies have examined the association by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status. We evaluated coffee intake for its effect on incident breast cancer in the National Institutes of Health‐AARP Diet and Health Study cohort, which included 198,404 women aged 50–71 with no history of cancer, who in 1995–1996 completed a questionnaire capturing usual coffee intake over the past year. State cancer registry and mortality index linkage identified 9,915 primary incident breast carcinomas through December 2006; available information on hormone receptor (HR) status identified 2,051 ER+/PR+ and 453 ER−/PR− cancers. In multivariable proportional hazards models, coffee intake was not associated with breast cancer risk (p‐value for trend = 0.38; relative risk = 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.07, for four or more cups per day as compared to women who never drank coffee), and results did not vary by body mass index or history of benign breast biopsy (p‐value for interaction > 0.10). We found no evidence of a relationship with either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee. Null findings persisted for risk of both HR‐positive and ‐negative breast cancers. These findings from a large prospective cohort do not support a role of coffee intake in breast carcinogenesis.
Polyamidoamine dendrimer‐functionalized carbon nanotubes‐mediated GFP gene transfection for HeLa cells: Effects of different types of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yang Keqin , Qin Weiling , Tang Hao , Tan Liang , Xie Qingji , Ma Ming , Zhang Youyu , Yao Shouzhuo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThree types of functionalized carbon nanotubes (f‐CNTs), polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer‐functionalized single and multi‐walled CNTs (MWCNT‐PAMAM‐1, MWCNT‐PAMAM‐2, and SWCNT‐PAMAM‐3), were prepared by covalent linkage approach. The micro‐morphologies of the three f‐CNTs and the interaction of MWCNT‐PAMAM‐2 with HeLa cells were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The free amine groups on the surface of the three types of CNTs‐PAMAM hybrids were quantitatively analyzed. Their cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA of enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP‐N1) to HeLa cells were investigated in detail. The results suggest that although all three types of CNTs‐PAMAM hybrids can deliver pEGFP‐N1 into HeLa cells and the exogenous GFP gene has been successfully expressed, MWCNT‐PAMAM‐2 with shorter length and larger amount of free amine groups on its surface possesses higher transfection efficiency (6.79%), being about 3.0 and 1.7 times as large as those of MWCNT‐PAMAM‐1 (2.24%) and SWCNT‐PAMAM‐3 (4.08%), respectively; their cytotoxicity to HeLa cells decrease following the sequence of SWCNT‐PAMAM‐3 > MWCNT‐PAMAM‐2 > MWCNT‐PAMAM‐1. These results may be useful for understanding the effects of the chemical/physical properties of f‐CNTs on their gene transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity, allowing for construction of promising CNT‐based intracellular delivery vectors for gene therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Cytoplasmic superoxide causes bone fragility owing to low-turnover osteoporosis and impaired collagen cross-linking
Authors: Nojiri Hidetoshi , Saita Yoshitomo , Morikawa Daichi , Kobayashi Keiji , Tsuda Chizuru , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi , Saito Mitsuru , Marumo Keishi , Yonezawa Ikuho , Kaneko Kazuo , Shirasawa Takuji , Shimizu Takahiko 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The aging process correlates with the accumulation of cellular and tissue damage caused by oxidative stress. Although previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress plays a pathologic role in the development of bone fragility, little direct evidence has been found. In order to investigate the pathologic significance of oxidative stress in bones, we analyzed the bone tissue of mice deficient in cytoplasmic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD, encoded by the Sod1 gene; Sod1−/−). In this study, we showed for the first time that in vivo cytoplasmic superoxide caused a distinct weakness in bone stiffness and decreased BMD, aging-like changes in collagen cross-linking, and transcriptional alterations in the genes associated with osteogenesis. We also showed that the surface areas of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were decreased significantly in the lumbar vertebrae of Sod1−/− mice, indicating the occurrence of low-turnover osteopenia. In vitro experiments demonstrated that intracellular oxidative stress induced cell death and reduced the proliferation in primary osteoblasts but not in osteoclasts, indicating that impaired osteoblast viability caused the decrease in osteoblast number and suppressed RANKL/M-CSF osteoclastogenic signaling in bone. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant, vitamin C, effectively improved bone fragility and osteoblastic survival. These results imply that intracellular redox imbalance caused by SOD1 deficiency plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of bone fragility both in vivo and in vitro. We herein present a valuable model for investigating the effects of oxidative stress on bone fragility in order to develop suitable therapeutic interventions. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Is the adhesive material secreted by sea urchin tube feet species‐specific?
Authors: Santos Romana , Flammang Patrick 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSea urchin adoral tube feet are highly specialized organs that have evolved to provide efficient attachment to the substratum. They consist of a disk and a stem that together form a functional unit. Tube foot disk tenacity (adhesive force per unit area) and stem mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness) vary between species but are apparently not correlated with sea urchin taxa or habitats. Moreover, ultrastructural studies of sea urchin disk epidermis pointed out differences in the internal organization of the adhesive secretory granules among species. This prompted us to look for interspecific variability in the composition of echinoid adhesive secretions, which could explain the observed variability in adhesive granule ultrastructure and disk tenacity. Antisera raised against the footprint material of Sphaerechinus granularis (S. granularis) were first used to locate the origin of adhesive footprint constituents in tube feet by taking advantage of the polyclonal character of the generated antibodies. Immunohistochemical assays showed that the antibodies specifically labeled the adhesive secretory cells of the disk epidermis in the tube feet of S. granularis. The antibodies were then used on tube foot histological sections from seven other sea urchin species to shed some light on the variability of their adhesive substances by looking for antibody cross‐reactivity. Surprisingly, no labeling was observed in any of the species tested. These results indicate that unlike the adhesive secretions of asteroids, those of echinoids do not share common epitopes on their constituents and thus would be “species‐specific.” In sea urchins, variations in the composition of adhesive secretions could therefore explain interspecific differences in disk tenacity and in adhesive granule ultrastructure. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
One‐step, two‐electron oxidation of cis‐diaquabis(1,10‐phenanthroline)chromium(III) to cis‐dioxobis(1,10‐phenanthroline)chromium(V) by periodate in aqueous acidic solutions
Authors: Ali Ismat H. , Sulfab Yousif 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of cis‐[CrIII(phen)2(H2O)2]3+ (phen = 1,10‐phenanthro‐ line) by IO4− has been studied in aqueous acidic solutions. In the presence of a vast excess of [IO4−], the reaction is first order in the chromium(III) complex concentration. The pseudo‐first‐order rate constant, kobs, showed a very small change with increasing [IO4−]. The dependence of kobs on [IO4−] is consistent with Eq. (i).

equation image

The pseudo‐first‐order rate constant, kobs, increased with increasing pH, indicating that the hydroxo form of the chromium(III) complex is the reactive species. An inner‐sphere mechanism has been proposed for the oxidation process. The thermodynamic activation parameters of the processes involved are also reported. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 563–568, 2011
Advanced fit of the diffusion kurtosis tensor by directional weighting and regularization
Authors: Kuder Tristan A. , Stieltjes Bram , Bachert Peter , Semmler Wolfhard , Laun Frederik B. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe diffusional kurtosis is an indicator for diffusion restrictions in biological tissue. It is observed experimentally that the kurtosis is largest for directions perpendicular to the fiber direction in white matter. The directional dependence of the kurtosis can be described by the diffusion kurtosis tensor. Since the intention of diffusion kurtosis imaging is to detect diffusion restrictions, the fit of the kurtosis tensor should be dominated by directions perpendicular to the fibers. In this work, it is shown that the basic approach, which is solving the occurring linear system by a pseudoinverse matrix, may completely fail in this regard if the diffusion is highly anisotropic. This problem is solved by adapting the weights of the fit—and thus emphasizing directions of restricted water motion—using a direct fit of the kurtosis tensor to the measured kurtosis values. Moreover, due to its large number of degrees of freedom, the kurtosis tensor can assume complicated shapes resulting in a fit which is sensitive to noise. This article demonstrates that the quality of the kurtosis tensor calculation can be further improved if the fit is regularized by suppressing too large and too small kurtosis tensor values and thus restricting the possible tensor shapes. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIGH RATES OF PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN A SEMI‐ARID TAILWATER: IMPLICATIONS FOR SELF‐REGULATED PRODUCTION
Authors: Davis C. J. , Fritsen C. H. , Wirthlin E. D. , Memmott J. C. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTReservoir‐river systems in desert environments may provide the optimal combination of environmental conditions (e.g. light, nutrients, temperature, and flow) that maximizes primary production in downstream reaches. Stream metabolism was measured using an open‐system approach each month during spring‐summer in a semi‐arid tailwater (South Fork Humboldt River) in the central Great Basin, USA. Spatial and temporal differences in metabolic rates were evident despite tailwater reaches sustaining comparable standing stocks of periphyton (>10 µg chla cm−2) during this growing season. Primary productivity was highest (15 to 36 g O2 m−2 day−1) in July, supporting previous studies that have described arid regulated/unregulated streams as ultra‐productive. Substrate availability when combined with self‐shading and hypoxic conditions created a system that was likely near the maximal productivity that stream systems can achieve because of the self‐regulating attributes that thick periphyton mats impose upon themselves as they reach high biomass and maximal production rates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FISH ASSEMBLAGES AT ENGINEERED AND NATURAL CHANNEL STRUCTURES IN THE LOWER MISSOURI RIVER: IMPLICATIONS FOR MODIFIED DIKE STRUCTURES
Authors: Schloesser J. T. , Paukert C. P. , Doyle W. J. , Hill T. D. , Steffensen K. D. , Travnichek V. H. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTLarge rivers throughout the world have been modified by using dike structures to divert water flows to deepwater habitats to maintain navigation channels. These modifications have been implicated in the decline in habitat diversity and native fishes. However, dike structures have been modified in the Missouri River USA to increase habitat diversity to aid in the recovery of native fishes. We compared species occupancy and fish community composition at natural sandbars and at notched and un‐notched rock dikes along the lower Missouri River to determine if notching dikes increases species diversity or occupancy of native fishes. Fish were collected using gill nets, trammel nets, otter trawls, and mini fyke nets throughout the lower 1212 river km of the Missouri River USA from 2003 to 2006. Few differences in species richness and diversity were evident among engineered dike structures and natural sandbars. Notching a dike structure had no effect on proportional abundance of fluvial dependents, fluvial specialists, and macrohabitat generalists. Occupancy at notched dikes increased for two species but did not differ for 17 other species (81%). Our results suggest that dike structures may provide suitable habitats for fluvial species compared with channel sand bars, but dike notching did not increase abundance or occupancy of most Missouri River fishes. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic trust evaluation and scheduling framework for cloud computing
Authors: Wang Wei , Zeng Guosun , Zhang Junqi , Tang Daizhong 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTCloud computing has become a scalable services consumption and delivery platform in the field of computer science. As more and more consumers delegate their tasks to cloud providers, service level agreements (SLAs) between consumers and providers emerge as a key aspect. Because of the dynamic nature of the cloud, continuous monitoring on quality‐of‐service attributes is necessary to enforce SLAs. In this paper, we propose a trust mechanism‐based task scheduling model for cloud computing. Referring to the trust relationship models of social persons, trust relationship is built among computing nodes, and the trustworthiness of nodes is evaluated by utilizing the Bayesian cognitive method. Integrating the trustworthiness of nodes into a dynamic level scheduling algorithm, the trust dynamic level scheduling algorithm for cloud computing is proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulations prove that the proposed algorithm can efficiently meet the requirement of cloud computing workloads in trust, sacrificing fewer time costs, and assuring the execution of tasks in a secure way in cloud environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic appearance of metastatic non‐gynecological pelvic tumors
Authors: Zikan M. , Fischerova D. , Pinkavova I. , Dundr P. , Cibula D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the ultrasound (sonomorphologic and vascular) characteristics of metastatic non‐gynecological pelvic tumors, and to identify ultrasound characteristics typical of the most common non‐gynecological pelvic tumors.MethodsIn 92 patients with a pelvic mass who had undergone ultrasound examination with subsequent surgery or tru‐cut biopsy revealing a metastatic non‐gynecological tumor origin, we analyzed retrospectively the sonomorphologic and vascular parameters. All parameters were evaluated for the whole group of non‐gynecological tumors as well as separately for each specific tumor type. The findings were compared with those from 100 women with epithelial ovarian cancer.ResultsWe found that CA 125, size of tumor, echogenicity, homogeneity of solid portion, mobility, and presence of ovarian crescent sign, parenchymal metastases and suspicious necrosis were individual statistically significant discriminators (P < 0.01) between the metastatic non‐gynecological tumor group and the epithelial ovarian cancer group.ConclusionsMetastatic non‐gynecological tumors in the pelvis have a significantly different sonomorphologic pattern compared with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. This pattern is dependent on the primary origin of the tumor. Doppler parameters, however, cannot differentiate between primary ovarian cancer and metastatic non‐gynecological tumors. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparente Barriereschichten auf flexiblen Polymersubstraten
Authors: Fahlteich John , Fahland Matthias , Straach Steffen , Günther Steffen , Schiller Nicolas 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene vakuumbasierte Technologien zur Herstellung von transparenten Permeationsbarriereschichten und ‐schichtsystemen auf Polymersubstraten. Dabei wird mit dem plasmaaktivierten reaktiven Bedampfen ein hochproduktives Verfahren für die Herstellung von Lebensmittelverpackungen vorgestellt. Mit dem reaktiven Dual‐Magnetron‐Sputtern können Oxidschichten mit einer sehr geringen Wasserdampf‐ und Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit bei einer akzeptablen Produktivität abgeschieden werden. Zur Verkapselung von flexiblen elektronischen Bauelementen werden häufig Barriereschichtsysteme vorgeschlagen. In diesem Artikel wird ein rein vakuumbasiertes Konzept zur Herstellung solcher Schichtsysteme vorgestellt. Es basiert auf einer inline Kombination des reaktiven Dual‐Magnetron‐Sputterns mit einem magnetronbasierten PECVD Prozess (Magnetron‐PECVD). Sowohl die Prozesseigenschaften, wie Beschichtungsrate und Prozessdruck, als auch die Schichteigenschaften, wie Morphologie oder Wasserdampf‐ und Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit, werden für die verschiedenen Vakuumtechnologien mit einander verglichen.
Design and control of a cable-controlled haptic motion simulator
Authors: Karkoub M. , Her M-G. , Peng C-C. , Huang C-C. , Ho M-I. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this work, we discuss the design, construction, and testing of a cable-controlled motion simulator for a Virtual Reality (VR) hang gliding environment. The system comprises a cable-controlled motion simulator, a joystick, a Lego™ direction sensor, and a VR environment. The motion simulator and joystick are built out of motors, pulleys, cables, and aluminum beams. The VR environment and motion simulator interact haptically with each other to give a realistic feel to the operator. A dynamic analysis is performed on the simulator to show the effect of gravity and the directional motion on the operator. A series of experiments are then performed to test the effectiveness of the cable-controlled simulator, and the results were very encouraging despite minor glitches with high-speed maneuvers.
Assessment of Hospital Emergency Management in the Beijing Area
Authors: Yantao Xin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, the number of public health emergencies has increased. Improving hospital emergency management is an important challenge.Objective: This is a pilot study intended to assess hospital emergency management in the Beijing area, make recommendations to government health authorities and hospital managers, and offer references for similar studies.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional survey. Forty-five hospitals in the Beijing area were selected randomly. A self-administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. It comprised of three sections: (1) Section A was the introduction; (2) Section B asked for the respondent's personal information; and (3) Section C comprised the major part of the questionnaire and was intended to gather information regarding the hospital's general emergency management situation.Results: The survey response rate was 44%, accounting for 29% of total hospitals that the study targeted. No hospital had an established emergency management department or full-time staff for emergency management. A total of 15–45% of the hospitals had established a hospital emergency management committee, performed a vulnerability analysis, or evaluated emergency management regularly. Twenty-five percent of respondents thought that the local government health authority had established an integrated hospital incident command system. A total of 40%–55% of hospitals contracted with outside institutions for supplements, backup of key functional systems and professional support.Conclusions: After the occurrence of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, Chinese hospital managers took many measures to improve hospital resilience. However, most of these efforts lacked the guidance of theories, concepts, principles, and methods. An integrated, standardized, operational hospital emergency management model has not been established. Although the survey response rate was relatively low, some clues for further study were discovered, and suggestions to the health authority for hospital emergency management improvement were revealed.