bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can the public sector resolve complex issues?
Authors: Head Brian W. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ask how the public sector manages complex issues, and suggests that new strategic thinking is needed about ways forward.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines recent conceptual and empirical research demonstrating the challenges for government posed by complex problems, and the difficulties of addressing them successfully.FindingsThe paper suggests that most governmental systems are preoccupied with a host of issues which impede the consideration of long‐term goals and methods.Research limitations/implicationsMore research is needed on the capacities of governments to identify and respond to complex problems while maintaining performance in other areas.Practical implicationsImplications arise for leadership, building policy capacity, building coordination capacity, and better use of partnering to improve implementation capacity.Originality/valueThe paper encourages new thinking about the capacities required for strategic direction setting and coordination to tackle complex problems.
Confucian moral roots of citizenship behaviour in China
Authors: Han Yong , Altman Yochanan 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which Confucian moral standards may serve as a moral root of employees' organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in the People's Republic of China (PRC).Design/methodology/approachThe approach is conceptual, based on research within the ﬁeld.FindingsThis paper suggests that the moral characteristics of Confucianism (based on a strong body of empirical studies): harmony, group orientation, guanxi (relationships), diligence, self‐learning and thrift, are the great virtues of the indigenous forms of OCB in the PRC, including helping co‐worker; individual initiative and/or functional participation; group activity participation; self‐development; social welfare participation; promoting company image; voice; protecting and saving company resources; interpersonal harmony and keeping the workplace clean; and keeping departmental harmony and coexistence in adversity.Originality/valueFirst, this paper contributes to the extant knowledge as to the ways in which Confucian moral standards may affect Chinese exhibition of OCB. Second, this paper contributes to discerning Chinese economic success on employees' OCB performance with recourse to its traditional cultural heritage of Confucian moral standards. Finally, it highlights the presence of voice as a type of OCB which may be attributed to China's opening up to the West.
Psychological capital and authentic leadership
Authors: Caza Arran , Bagozzi Richard P. , Woolley Lydia , Levy Lester , Barker Caza Brianna 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the measurement properties of the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) and the authentic leadership questionnaire (ALQ). Both scales' properties are tested in a diverse sample of working adults, compared across genders, and assessed for their performance in a new national culture.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses survey data from a random, nationally representative sample of working New Zealand adults. Structural equation modeling is used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and to test for measurement invariance in both scales.FindingsThe results confirm the hypothesized second‐order factor structure of both scales, with psychometric properties comparable to those in samples from other cultures. The results further suggest that the PCQ and ALQ exhibit measure equivalence for men and women.Originality/valueThis paper provides the first test of both scales in a diverse representative sample. It demonstrates that the PCQ and ALQ are useful for diverse samples and equally valid for both genders, as well as performing as expected in other cultures.
Building social capital through corporate social investment
Authors: Cooke David 
Published: April 2010

PurposeWhereas previously the objectives of the corporation are seen by many as antithetical to the aims of the not‐for‐profit sector, we are now in fact seeing far greater interaction between the two. The purpose of this paper is to examine this trend and the motivation of both to form partnerships.Design/methodology/approachReference is made to a range of literature as well as interviews with those immersed in this field and case study material involving large corporations.FindingsWhat emerges is that typically if the not‐for‐profit sector has approached business for support it has been an appeal to altruism. This paper suggests that the not‐for‐profit world has undersold itself and has in fact the answer to many of the problems that business faces today, and that benefits to corporations who engage in corporate social investment (CSI) include enhanced ability to attract and retain high calibre staff, enhanced reputation and branding and marketing benefits.Research limitations/implicationsAs this paper draws on qualitative research further quantitative research throughout the Asia Pacific region is suggested in order to measure return on investment from social investment programmes.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that this relationship is one that requires careful management to facilitate a successful engagement process and maximise outcomes for both parties.Originality/valueThe paper concludes that significant benefits accrue for corporations who engage in CSI and hence this has ramifications on how the nor‐for‐profit sector should approach potential corporate partners. An appeal to commercial motivations rather than to altruism or the moral imperative.
Investor relations level and cost of capital: evidence from Japanese firms
Authors: Ly Kosal 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the level of investor relations and cost of capital of Japanese electric appliance firms.Design/methodology/approachA two‐step estimation procedure is used to estimate a regression model of a firm's information asymmetry component of cost of capital on the level of investor relations and other firm characteristics in order to control for self‐selection bias.FindingsAs expected, a negative link between the level of investor relations and cost of capital is documented after controlling for self‐selection bias, firm characteristics, and additional robustness check.Research limitations/implicationsThe result of the paper is based on a sample of listed Japanese electric appliance firms, and thus may not be generalized to other industries or institutional settings. Total spread, which consists of information cost, inventory holding cost, and other processing cost component, might produce measurement errors and thus bias against the results. Further researchers should endeavor to isolate information cost component from total spread.Practical implicationsInvolving in investor relations' activities to reduce information asymmetries ultimately narrows bid‐ask spread, and thus reduces cost of capital. An important implication, therefore, is that managers should treat any market participants equally by communicating to a broad spectrum of investor communities via investor relations.Originality/valueThe current paper contributes to the literature by modeling and explicitly controlling for self‐selection bias and being the first study to investigate the association between investor relations and cost of capital for Japanese firms.
Human resource management: an Islamic perspective
Authors: Khan Bilal , Farooq Ayesha , Hussain Zareen 
Published: April 2010

PurposeOrganizations manipulate themselves as per the legal, political, and social values of the particular country where they operate. As a result, the operations and human resources (HRs) of business corporations are handled as the environmental fabric of that country suggests. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework describing the aspects of modern day human resource management (HRM) and HRM from Islamic perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe framework is presented in five broad categories – the message of Islam, Islam in different nations, Islam and work, Islam and managerial dimensions, and Islam and HRM practices. Secondary data have been used to gain knowledge about teachings of Islam and how they can be practiced in order to manage HR effectively. Detailed discussion has been incorporated regarding the Islamic culture and how it can be practiced in the organizations while conducting different HR activities. It has been kept in mind to maintain the originality of the paper though any changes in the message of Quran and Prophet (s.a.w.) cannot be incorporated. If the organizations will be managed from Islamic perspective, managers will not only gain success but will also be at peace knowing that they are doing work for Allah.FindingsThis paper concludes Islam is more a “way of life” than a mere religion. In a nutshell, it teaches how a believer has to oblige to the commitment to his faith. Businessmen believe materialistic accumulation is all they are living for. But in reality, it is temporary. Their good deeds and behavior with people irrespective of any discrimination will remain forever.Originality/valueA conceptual model of HRM and Islam is presented that provides an explanation of the linkage between the two.
Global imbalances and a trade‐finance‐nexus
Authors: Kern Andreas , Fahrholz Christian 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThis paper inquires into the root causes of global imbalances from an international trade perspective. The purpose of the paper is to establish a conceptual framework that links financial market governance, international trade and financial market integration, and to derive implications for the global financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachIn order to analyze global imbalances, the paper draws on a theoretical Heckscher‐Ohlin‐Samuelson international trade model, in which it compares two open economies, solely differing in their financial market governance structures. Building on these findings, the paper extends the analysis to the role of financial market frictions in propagating global imbalances into excessive lending in high‐income economies.FindingsTo that extent, it argues that global imbalances are due to impasses in international production. This paper argues that countries seeking to suppress real appreciation have engaged in financial repression, which has, via financial globalization, translated into excessive expansion of financial service sectors in flexible market economies.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to derive a tractable framework, the abstract from inter‐temporal aspects and from an in‐depth analysis of financial modelling issues. Owing to the static nature of the set‐up, the analytic link between global imbalances and the global financial crisis is intuitive.Practical implicationsGiven that differences in national financial market governance influence the direction of international capital and trade flows, it argues for more international policy coordination in preventing future crisis.Originality/valueThe unique feature of the contribution is that it links financial market governance and international trade to international financial market integration in a tractable theoretical framework.
Regulating noisy short‐selling of troubled firms?
Authors: Ulibarri Carlos A. , Florescu Ionut , Eidsath Joel M. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of recent policy initiatives taken by the US Securities and Exchange Commission banning naked “short‐selling” of specific financial stocks. The paper also considers the merits of reinstating “uptick rule” 10a‐1, which prohibits short‐selling securities on a downtick.Design/methodology/approachThe paper studies theoretical implications of short‐selling in a simple state‐claim model, reflecting varying amounts of short interest in a representative firm and noise trading in the market. Price discovery depends on the proportion of noise trading compared to rational short‐selling. The empirical analysis focuses on price volatility under short‐selling constraints employing simple regressions, EGARCH analysis and simulated price behavior under a hypothetical uptick rule.FindingsThe EGARCH results suggest short‐selling constraints had non‐uniform impacts on the persistence and leverage effects associated with price volatility. The corresponding price simulations indicate a hypothetical uptick rule might have helped stabilize price behavior in some cases, depending on the nature of the stochastic process and whether or not quantity constraints on short‐selling are binding.Originality/valueThe theoretical arguments and empirical findings suggest a “focused approach” to market regulation would be a more efficient means of discouraging trend chasing without compromising “informed trading” – that is to say, safeguarding price discovery and market liquidity without impeding arbitrage or confounding probability beliefs regarding firm survival. These conclusions are largely in accord with recent policy analysis and proposals outlined in Avgouleas.
Inflation and Mexican economic growth: long‐run relation and threshold effects
Authors: Adrián Risso W. , Sánchez Carrera Edgar J. 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the long‐run relationships and threshold effects between inflation and economic growth in Mexico.Design/methodology/approachThe paper shows the existence of such relationship in a cointegrated vector on economic growth (log of real gross domestic product (GDP)) and inflation rate finding a corresponding elasticity significantly negative. Moreover, the causal relationship between these two series is studied using a more robust Granger causality test, without finding any directional causality between them.FindingsThe estimated threshold model suggests 9 percent as the threshold level (i.e. structural break point) of inflation above which inflation significantly slows the Mexican economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper uses the cointegration technique, and finds a significant and negative long‐run relationship between inflation and economic growth for the Mexican economy. In addition, it is found that inflation is weakly exogenous. In the period 1970‐2007 real GDP was elastic with respect to inflation, and therefore, considering the estimated coefficient, an increase of 1 percent on inflation produces a decrease of 1.5 percent on real GDP. Since, for most of the period under consideration Mexico experienced inflation rates higher than 10 percent, this result is consistent with most of the research suggesting that high levels of inflation produce a negative effect on economic growth.Practical implicationsThe analysis could be useful for policymakers in providing some clue in setting an optimal inflation target. For instance, the Mexican Central Bank could apply an expansionary monetary policy for supporting economic growth until the inflation rate does not exceed the threshold level. In fact, the threshold analysis suggests that if the inflation rate exceeds 9 percent, then Mexico's current favorable economic performance might be jeopardized.Originality/valueSpecifically, this paper focuses on two questions: is there any long‐run relationship between economic growth and inflation in Mexico? Is there a statistically significant threshold level of inflation above which inflation affects growth differently than at lower inflation rates in Mexico? Motivated by these questions, this present paper first examines cointegration techniques and then, threshold estimations.
Firms' capital structure and the bankruptcy law design
Authors: Funchal Bruno , Clovis Mateus 
Published: April 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of changes in creditors' priority defined by the bankruptcy law on firms' capital structure.Design/methodology/approachTaking advantage of the Brazilian bankruptcy law reform as an experiment and using publicly traded firms' balance sheet data, it compares Brazilian firms capital structure before and after the new law, using fixed‐effects panel regression. The empirical results are in line with theories that predict the effects on the capital structure due to changes in creditors' expectations.FindingsThis paper finds evidence of an increase in the debt portion of the capital structure.Originality/valueThe paper contributes the law and finance empirical literature, pointing out that change in creditors' protection induces significant changes in the firms' financing policy.
WHAT PRIEST (AMONGST MANY OTHERS) HAS BEEN MISSING
Authors: Slater Hartley 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIt is shown that there are categorical differences between sentences and statements, which have the consequence in particular that there are no paradoxical cases of self‐reference with the latter as there are with the former. The point corrects an extensive train of thought that Graham Priest has pursued over recent years, but also a much wider tradition in logic and the foundations of mathematics that has been dominant for over a century. That tradition might be broadly characterized as Formalist, or Nominalist, and the improved understanding of statements leads us instead into a more Realist approach and thereby contentful logic and mathematics.
DOING/ALLOWING AND THE DELIBERATIVE REQUIREMENT
Authors: Woollard Fiona 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAttempts to defend the moral significance of the distinction between doing and allowing harm directly have left many unconvinced. I give an indirect defence of the moral significance of the distinction between doing and allowing, focusing on the agent's duty to reason in a way that is responsive to possible harmful effects of their behaviour. Due to our cognitive limitations, we cannot be expected to take all harmful consequences of our behaviour into account. We are required to be responsive to harmful consequences that have some feature that makes it easy for us to become aware of them. I show that, under Jonathan Bennett's analysis of the doing/allowing distinction, harm that is incidentally done has such a feature, which is not shared by harm that is incidentally allowed. Any plausible analysis of the doing/allowing distinction will entail a similar asymmetry. It follows that, prima facie, an agent who incidentally does harm has violated a moral requirement (the deliberative requirement) which an agent who incidentally allows harm has not violated.1
Laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy versus radical abdominal hysterectomy—a randomised phase II trial: perioperative outcomes and surgicopathological measurements
Authors: Naik R , Jackson KS , Lopes A , Cross P , Henry JA 
Published: April 2010

Please cite this paper as: Naik R, Jackson K, Lopes A, Cross P, Henry J. Laparoscopic assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy versus radical abdominal hysterectomy—a randomised phase II trial: perioperative outcomes and surgicopathological measurements. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02479.x.Objective  To evaluate perioperative surgical outcomes and resection size for laparoscopically assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy (LARVH) compared with radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH).Design  A prospective randomised phase II trial.Population  Early stage IB cervical cancer requiring radical surgical treatment.Setting  Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Gateshead, UK.Methods  Fifteen women were randomised to LARVH and to RAH.Main outcome measures  Outcomes included requirement in days for bladder catheterisation after surgery, operating time, blood loss, hospital stay, opiate pain relief, complication rate, time to normal activities and resection size of major ligaments and vaginal cuff.Results  Statistically significant differences were found between LARVH and RAH, respectively: median duration of bladder catheterisation, 4 days versus 21 days (P = 0.003); median operating time, 180 minutes versus 138 minutes (P = 0.05); median blood loss, 400 ml versus 1000 ml (P = 0.05), median hospital stay, 5 days versus 7 days (P = 0.04) and median opiate requirement in the first 36 hours postoperatively, 30 mg versus 53 mg (P = 0.004). The mean resected lengths for LARVH versus RAH, respectively, were: mean resected vaginal cuff, 1.26 cm versus 2.16 cm (P = 0.014); mean resected cardinal ligament length, 1.30 cm versus 2.79 cm (P = 0.013) and mean resected uterosacral ligament length, 1.47 cm versus 4.68 cm (P = 0.034).Conclusions  This study confirms the short‐term surgical benefits of LARVH. In addition, LARVH has been shown to be a less radical procedure than RAH, supporting the need for strict patient selection and to restrict the procedure to small tumours.
Screening and Analysis of Adsorbents for Pemphigus Autoantibodies
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Itoh Akira , Hatanaka Yoshihiro , Tsukiji Misuzu , Takamori Kenji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPemphigus represents a potentially life‐threatening, blistering, chronic autoimmune disease involved with autoantibodies against desmosomal adhesion proteins, desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) and desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). These autoantibodies belong to biased immunoglobulin subclasses, predominantly IgG1 and IgG4. Although plasmapheresis is established for the treatment of pemphigus, specific immunoadsorption of the autoantibodies has not been clinically applied. In order to search for a novel adsorbent for the pemphigus autoantibodies, we screened a library of 26 chemical ligand adsorbents using the effluent of double filtration plasmapheresis obtained from pemphigus patients. As a result of the screening, we found that each adsorbent whose ligand is 2‐thiophene ethylamine, tryptophan, para‐guanidinophenylalanine, phenylalanine, or thienylglycine adsorb both antibodies to Dsg3 and Dsg1 efficiently, in that order. Furthermore, the thiophene adsorbent exhibited a high affinity for the IgG4 subclass. These results suggest that the thiophene adsorbent may be suitable for pemphigus immunoadsorption. Further in vivo animal studies and clinical trials are needed.
Maximizing collection and minimizing risk: does vacuum suction sampling increase the likelihood for misinterpretation of food web connections?
Authors: CHAPMAN ERIC G. , ROMERO SUSAN A. , HARWOOD JAMES D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMolecular tools that characterize the structure of complex food webs and identify trophic connectedness in the field have become widely adopted in recent years. However, characterizing the intensity of predator–prey interactions can be prone to error. Maximizing collection success of small, fast‐moving predators with vacuum suction samplers has the potential to increase the likelihood of prey DNA detection either through surface‐level contamination with damaged prey or direct consumption within the sampling device. In this study, we used PCR to test the hypothesis that vacuum suction sampling will not cause an erroneous increase in the detection of ‘predation’, thereby incorrectly assigning trophic linkages when evaluating food web structure. We utilized general (1) Aphidoidea and (2) Collembola primers to measure the predation rates of Glenognatha foxi (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) on these prey collected by hand versus those sampled with a vacuum suction device. With both primer pairs, there was no significant increase in predators screening positive for prey DNA when sampled by vacuum suction versus those predators collected, in parallel, by hand. These results clearly validate the application of vacuum suction sampling during molecular gut‐content analysis of predator–prey feeding linkages in the field. Furthermore, we found no evidence that predation was occurring inside the suction sampler because specimens collected were never observed to be feeding nor did they screen positive at greater frequencies than hand‐collected individuals. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of vacuum suction sampling devices (in this case a Modified CDC Backpack Aspirator Model 1412) is suitable for molecular gut‐content analysis.