bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent constraints on the future East Asian winter surface air temperature changes
Authors: Liu Anqi , Xue Daokai , Chen Xiaolong , Huang Danqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In East Asia, the climate variability in boreal winter is dominated by the East Asian winter monsoon, one of the most energetic monsoon systems that can lead to disasters. The key variable, the East Asian winter surface air temperature (SAT), has significantly changed over the past century and has substantially impacted agriculture, ecosystems, economics, and public health. However, its projections are limited by considerable uncertainties. Here, we identify the first leading mode that explains almost 29.6% of the inter-model spread in future SAT change. Our research delves into the evolution of present-day biases under future scenarios and their consequential impact on the SAT. Models with stronger western currents’ heat transport in the North Pacific exhibit a warmer North Pacific at mid-latitudes during historical periods. Additionally, these models consistently demonstrate stronger western currents in the future, contributing to the amplified warming of the western North Pacific, thereby warming Eurasia via the weakened trough and subtropical jet through barotropic responses to the warm North Pacific. Incorporating observational sea surface temperature constraints reduces uncertainties by 9.40%, revealing a more reliable SAT change pattern by the end of the 21st century.
Infinite derivatives vs integral operators. The Moeller-Zwiebach puzzle
Authors: Heredia Carlos , Llosa Josep 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study the relationship between integral and infinite-derivative operators. In particular, we examine the operator

p

1
2

∂
t
2

that appears in the theory of p-adic string fields, as well as the Moyal product that arises in non-commutative theories. We also attempt to clarify the apparent paradox presented by Moeller and Zwiebach, which highlights the discrepancy between them.
Moderately dense granular gas of inelastic rough spheres
Authors: Kremer Gilberto M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A kinetic theory for moderately dense gases of inelastic and rough spherical molecules is developed from the Enskog equation where a macroscopic state is characterised by 29 scalar fields which correspond to the moments of the distribution function: mass density, hydrodynamic velocity, pressure tensor, absolute temperature, translational and rotational heat fluxes, hydrodynamic angular velocity and angular velocity flux. The balance equations for the 29 scalar fields are obtained from a transfer equation derived from the Enskog equation where the kinetic and potential parts of the new moments of the distribution function and production terms are calculated from Grad’s distribution function for the basic fields. The transition from the 29 field theory to an eight field theory—with mass density, hydrodynamic velocity, absolute temperature and hydrodynamic angular velocity—leads to the determination of the transport coefficients of the Navier–Stokes and Fourier laws. The transport coefficients are functions of the normal and tangential restitution coefficients and of the local equilibrium radial distribution function. The transport coefficients in the limiting case of elastic rough spheres is also determined.
Reference equations for exhaled nitric oxide—what is needed?
Authors: Högman Marieann 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Standardisation is the road to improvement! If we all measure exhaled nitric oxide (NO) the same way, we will be successful in having data to make reference questions. Many research groups have published their reference equation, but most differ considerably. About 25 years ago, using the flow of 50 ml s−1 was recommended and not using a nose clip. When collecting data worldwide, we still see publications that do not indicate what flow was used and that nose clip was utilised. Three things are needed: the analysing method, a flow recording and a filled-in nitric oxide questionnaire. The analysing method is because the techniques have different sensitivity, response times and calibration. The flow of 50 ml s−1 is on the steep part of the NO output curve; therefore, we need to record the flow to analyse repeated measurements or compare results. The NO questionnaire controls individual factors that may influence the NO measurements, i.e. food intake, smoking and upper airway infection. An important tool in following old and new disease treatments, at home or in health care, is exhaled biomarkers. If we follow the standardisation we have agreed upon, we will be able to have data to say what a high or a low exhaled NO value is.
Mapping the Suitability of Milkfish Ponds in Sidoarjo District Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Slamet A H H , Dhandy R , Brillyantina S , Wulandari S A , Asmunir  , Mutmainah D N , Ubaidillah W 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Milkfish is one of the potential fishery products in Sidoarjo Regency. Sidoarjo District, one of the subdistricts in Sidoarjo Regency, has significant potential for milkfish development due to its 3271.96 ha of land area. Pond suitability analysis is a crucial aspect of supporting the success of milkfish cultivation. Land suitability can be analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This research involved two phases: data collection and analysis. The data parameters collected are temperature, pH, DO, phosphate, and salinity. The data analysis employed overlay and scoring methods. The final scoring results were categorized into four classes, including classes S1 (Very Suitable), S2 (Quite Suitable), S3 (Conditionally Suitable), and N (Not Appropriate). Based on analysis of Landsat image data, the pond area in Sidoarjo District reached 2991.03 Ha. The final scoring results showed that the pond area in the S1 category was 1,816.53 Ha (60.73%), then the S2 category was 1174.50 ha (39.29%). Referring to the calculation of the percentage of pond suitability, most of the ponds in Sidoarjo District are very suitable for cultivating milkfish.
Design and performance test of a fluidized bed dryer using dry cold air flow for drying marungga leaves
Authors: Djamila S , Bahariawan A , Warsito H , Nuruddin M , Iswahyono  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Marungga tree is a plant that offers numerous benefits. Its leaves can be processed into flour for further processing for various needs. Marungga leaves need to be dried before they can be made into flour. Marungga leaves are sensitive to heat, so high temperature drying should be avoided. Drying in the sun, or at room temperature takes a long time and is unhygienic. To address these issues, a fluidized bed dryer that utilises dry, cold air flow through dehumidification of the air is required. This research aims to design and test the performance of a fluidized bed dryer that uses dry cold air flow. The method used in the research starts from literature study, design, component manufacturing, assembly and performance testing of the dryer. The design results resulted in specifications of the dryer components as follows: dimensions of the drying chamber 500 mm in diameter and 800 mm in height, evaporator, condenser, compressor, blower each 1 HP. The results of the dryer performance test are as follows: dryer air temperature 34.2 °C, relative humidity 54.3%, and dryer air mass rate 0.25 kg/s, with a drying rate of 0.57 kgH2O/s. The evaporator of the cooling system can decrease the absolute humidity of the drying air by 1.6 kgH2O/kg dry air.
In vitro growth of different chrysanthemum cultivars on murashige and skoog medium modified with some organic additives
Authors: Firgiyanto R , Rohman F , Sjamsijah N , Prasetyo H , Siswadi E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mass in vitro propagation of chrysanthemum plants requires large amounts of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. In order to increase efficiency of MS media usage, the addition of organic materials and the selection of cultivars need to be studied. This study aimed to obtain the best modified MS media and cultivars for in vitro propagation of chrysanthemums. This research was conducted from July to September 2023 at tissue culture laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Jember. This study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was the chrysanthemum cultivars, i.e. Naweswari Agrihort and Suciono Agrihort. The second factor was the modified MS media, i.e. MS, ½MS + 50 g/l banana, ½MS + 50 ml/l coconut water and ½MS + 50 g/l sweet potato. Each combination of treatments was thrice repeated. Observation variables were plant height, time of shoot emergence, the number of shoots and the number of leaves. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA and DMRT. The best modified media was ½MS + 50 g/l sweet potato that showed significantly higher plant compared to other treatments. The addition of the tested organic materials could reduce MS media usage by 50%.
Phytohormone and amino acid content in golden apple snail (Pomaceae canaliculata L.) extract which fermented at several effective microorganism 4 (EM4) concentrations
Authors: Asmono S L , Rahmawati  , Arifiana N B , Suharjono  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the phytohormone and amino acid content of golden apple snail (GAS) extract fermented using several concentrations of EM 4 Active. GAS were taken from rice fields in Tegalgede Village, Jember. Analysis of phytohormone and amino acid content using LCMS at Bioscience laboratory, Politeknik Negeri Jember. EM4 was activated for 7 days using 5% sugar with distilled water as a solvent. The active EM4 results were taken in several concentrations: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% and fermented in GAS extract for 14 days. This research was designed using CRD non-factorial design, consisting of 6 Active EM4 concentrations and repeated 4 times. The results of the research showed that there was the phytohormone IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) with the highest concentration of 0.838% in GAS extract fermented using 25% active EM4, while fermentation without EM4 (0%) contained only 0.641% IAA. Other analysis results showed that 12 types of amino acids were detected, namely arginine, tyrosine, alanine, cysteine, glutamic acid, methionine, glycine, leucine-isoleucine, aspartic acid, proline, threonine and valine. The analysis results showed that the 0% (control) treatment had a higher average amino acid value than fermentation using EM4.
Identification and Potential of Secondary Metabolism of Weeds as Bio Herbicides in Environmentally Friendly Citrus Cultivation
Authors: Nugroho S A , Salim A , Jumiatun  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Production of oranges in Indonesia increased from 1.78 million tons to 2.16 million tons in 2014. In 2016, Indonesia imported 2,212 tons of oranges. Weed plants caused a decline in orange production, leading to a decrease in harvest yields by 61%. The research aimed to identify weed species and the potential secondary metabolism of dominant weeds on orange plants. The research method utilized weed vegetation analysis, focusing on the Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR). The treatments with kirinyuh extract (P0) were as follows: (Control); P1: 20%; P2: 40%; P3: 60%; P4: 80%. Observation parameters included phytotoxicity, wet weight, and dry weight. The research results revealed 10 families, 25 species, and 400 weed individuals. Weeds with the highest SDR value were of the Oldenlandia corymbose type, with a Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) of 7.28%, and the second-highest SDR value was Euphorbia hirta weed with 7.22%. The lowest was the Richardia brasiliensis weed with an SDR value of 0.633%. Phytotoxicity on kirinyuh leaf plants was highest in P4 with a concentration of 80g/l at 47.33. Wet weight and dry weight influenced P4 concentration, with an 80g/l concentration most inhibiting the growth of kirinyuh leaves. Laboratory analysis of flavonoid, total phenolic, and tannin content showed that Euphorbia hirta weed had higher levels compared to Oldenlandia corymbose weed.
The effect of EM-4 dosage in fermentation on the quality of soy milk waste (SMW) as an alternative feed ingredient to increase production cost efficiency in the poultry business
Authors: Hasanah N , Haryuni N , Wahyono N D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The increasing consumption of soy milk, especially in European countries, has an impact on high soy milk production. This causes increasing the waste and it will have an impact on environmental pollution. This research aims to obtain the best dose of EM-4 in fermented soy milk waste (SMW) as an alternative feed to increase production cost efficiency in the poultry business. This research was conducted with laboratory experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD). This research used 5 levels of EM-4 (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10%) and each treatment was repeated 4 times. Statistical analysis showed that the EM-4 level was very significant (p<0.01) in increasing the quality of texture, moisture content, temperature, sugar and crude protein; reduce crude fiber; and significantly (p<0.05) improved SMW color. The average SMW texture score ranges from 1.00-3.00; moisture content (12.75-15.10%); temperature (27.68-29.33°C); sugar concentration (0.00-5.00%); crude protein (13.66-18.68%), crude fiber (5.07-9.67) and color score (2.50-3.75). It was concluded that fermentation using EM-4 as an inoculum could improve the quality of soy milk waste (SMW) as an alternative feed to increase production cost efficiency in the poultry business. The best quality of SMW was obtained in fermentation with an EM4 level of 7.5%
Nutritional composition of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) as a candidate yogurt sweetener
Authors: Utami M M D , Dewi A C , Hertamawati R T , Hariono B , Zhuo J , Yong T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Yogurt is a dairy product considered a healthy food due to its nutritional and health benefits. To add flavor to the yogurt, sucrose is added, which causes an increase in calories and makes it unsafe for diabetics. Monk fruit is the fruit of the Chinese plant Luo Han Guo (Siraitia grosvenorii). Monk fruit is known for its sweet flavor. This study aimed to determine the nutritional compounds of monk fruit. This study will focus on characterizing the biochemical composition of monk fruit with the objects of peel (T1), flesh (T2), and whole fruit (T3). Each object consists of 6 replications with parameters: water content (%), ash (%), fat (%), protein (%), carbohydrate (%), and the percentage of total sugar (%). The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The Duncan test was followed when performing the multiple comparisons. The results obtained showed nonsignificant differences (P>0.05) in total sugar (%). The flesh contains the least water and ash (P<0.05) compared to the peel and whole fruit; the peel contains the lowest protein and the highest carbohydrate (P<0.05), the whole fruit contains the lowest fat; but total sugar (%) is the highest compared to the peel and flesh (P>0.05). Based on the nutritional composition of this study, it is recommended that the best part of monk fruit as a candidate natural sweetener for yogurt is the flesh. Although total sugar (%) was not significantly different from other monk fruit parts, the flesh had the highest protein (P<0.05) and the lowest fat (P<0.05), which is equivalent to low calories. The flesh of monk fruit as a low-calorie sugar alternative can be used in functional foods that have many health benefits, so it is a great candidate for yogurt sweetener.
Effect of hydrolysed carrageenan as sugar replacement on physicochemical properties of pineapple jam (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Afianka V , Lo D , Tedjakusuma F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pineapple is one of tropical fruits that is easily perishes due to high moisture content. Further processed into low-moisture food such as jam is needed to extend its shelf life. Jam has a high sugar content and if consumed in the long term could increase blood sugar levels leads to diabetic disease. Carrageenan is one of the hydrocolloids that can be used as a sugar substitute because it can bind to free water, increase shelf life, and cannot be hydrolysed into simple sugar by the gastrointestinal tract. However, carrageenan needs to be modified by the hydrolysis of acid using hydrochloric acid to break down the polysaccharide structure into simpler sugar structures. The aim of the study is to determine the physicochemical properties of hydrolysed carrageenan and the effects of the application of hydrolysed carrageenan as a sugar substitute in pineapple jam. The carrageenan that used were hydrolysed by 0.01 M and 0.02 M of HCl for 24 and 48 h. Results showed that the higher concentrations of HCl used and the length of hydrolysis significantly increased the yield, viscosity, reducing sugar, and spreadability and decreasing the color intensity. It also showed that the texture and spreadability of the jam that has been substituted with hydrolysed carrageenan will increase with increasing HCl concentration and hydrolysis time.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Authentication of Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds
Authors: Subositi D , Joice  , Mursyanti E , Widiyastuti Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa), which belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, is a popular medicinal herb with commercial value. This plant is sold as a raw material or herbal product in Indonesia for several purposes. On the other hand, Chorcorus sp. is known as a potential species for N. sativa adulteration due to its similar seed morphology and shared vernacular names. The authentication of Jintan Hitam using an effective and efficient technique is important for detecting adulteration. This research aimed to evaluate macroscopic and microscopic parameters for Jintan Hitam authentication sold in traditional markets in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The sampling was conducted in 3 main traditional markets in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The samples were collected from 3 traders in each market. Macroscopic and microscopic authentication was carried out with the naked eye and a stereomicroscope as diagnostic tools to examine the characteristics of seeds. The main macroscopic characteristics used as diagnostics were seed morphology, colour, size, smell, and taste, while the microscopic characteristics were testa, endosperm, and oil globules. The result showed that Jintan Hitam adulteration was detected in the main traditional markets in Surakarta and Yogyakarta using macroscopic and microscopic parameters. The percentage of adulteration in Surakarta (55.5%) was higher than in Yogyakarta (44.4%). In sum, the macroscopic and microscopic parameters can detect adulteration and are effective for Jintan Hitam authentication.
Characterization of physical attributes of cassava chips in different frying conditions
Authors: Khairunnisa N , Firmansyah R A , Hidayat K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Krepek tette is a variety of casava-based chips. However, the process production is quite different with cassava chips. After peeling, cassava is steamed, flattened, and dried. As one of the culinary signatures of Pamekasan, good quality keripek tette must be guaranteed by the Industry. Crispeness is the most essential factor in assessing the quality of this product. Therefore, this study aims to characterize product quality attributes such as moisture content, thickness expansion, porosity, and color products in different temperatures and frying times. The frying process used the deep frying method. The experiment was designed using two factors, and each experiment used three levels: temperature (150, 160, 170°C) and frying time (40, 50, 60 s). The result showed a higher temperature and frying time, and the moisture content of the product was lower. The thickness expansion increases in line with the temperature rising. However, it decreases with longer frying time. In addition, porosity increases linearly with temperature and frying time. The appearance of the product slightly changes. Before frying, the color of the product is yellowish, and after that, it turns slightly brownish. The result is the potential to develop an evaluation of crispiness quantitatively.
Consumption of oatmeal and diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review
Authors: Megumi E H , Surya R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Oats have gained popularity as a diabetes-friendly option due to their rich soluble dietary fiber and the presence of bioactive β-glucan. These elements contribute to lowering postprandial glucose, enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating glycemic control, and managing blood lipids. However, recent studies have highlighted that consumption of oatmeal could be related to an increase in blood level sugar. Opting for low-GI foods over conventional or high-GI choices has a modest yet clinically meaningful impact on mid-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. Milling and cooking practices seem to induce substantial alterations in the digestibility of starch in oat products. Therefore, the general aim of this study was to summarize the effects of different oatmeal products on blood sugar, particularly in diabetes mellitus patients. PRISMA guidelines were used as the method to find suitable sources for this systematic review from several scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis, Proquest, and EBSCOhost. The keywords used to identify the relevant studies were oat, oatmeal, diabetes, glycemic index. The initial search in the databases yielded 18 articles. This review reveals that types and different processing technologies applied to oat could lead to a various glycemic index of oatmeal.
Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaves improves the safety and quality of fermented shrimp paste
Authors: Surya R , Megumi E H , Nugroho D , Tedjakusuma F , Rombot O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Terasi is a traditional fermented shrimp paste popularly consumed in Indonesia. Despite its widespread popularity and distinctive flavor, terasi consumption should be approached with caution due to the presence of harmful compounds linked to its degradation and declining quality. These compounds, including allergenic histamine and potentially carcinogenic acrylamide, form during the fermentation of terasi as a result of various chemical reactions and microbial activities. The objective of the current research was to enhance the safety and quality of shrimp paste by introducing Moringa oleifera leaves, locally known as daun kelor, that are rich in antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. The supplementation of M. oleifera leaves (5%(w/w) and 10%(w/w)) significantly reduced microbial growth, lipid peroxidation, as well as the formation of histamine and acrylamide in terasi fermented for 30 days. Moreover, the inclusion of M. oleifera leaves did not alter the sensory acceptance of terasi. Consequently, this study suggests that M. oleifera leaves have the potential to serve as an adjunct ingredient, enhancing both the safety and overall quality of terasi.