bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the issue of using black soldier fly larvae in animal feeding
Authors: Некрасов Р.В. 
Published: May 2024

В представленном кратком обзоре рассмотрены вопросы использования в рационе сельскохозяйственных животных белковой массы из личинок черной львинки. Доказанная эффективность данного продукта и других нетрадиционных белковых и энергетических кормовых добавок позволит повысить заинтересованность в поиске новых компонентов кормов, стимулировать их производство, что будет способствовать расширению кормовой базы и укреплению устойчивости отечественного животноводства.
Application of protein concentrate based on the larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in nutrition of the productive animals is briefly reviewed. Proven effectiveness of this product and other non-traditional dietary protein and energy sources can further stimulate the interest in the search for the new feed ingredients and increase their production which, in turn, would enhance the sustainability of Russian animal production. Key words: productive animals, black soldier fly, protein, fat, feed additives, effective nutrition.
The Significance of Processing Techniques on the Quality of Smoked African Cat Fish (Clarias gariepinus) Using Different Energy Sources
Authors: Oludayo Olaniyi Christianah , Olalekan Fawole Olaolu , Adediran Awogbade Adeniyi 
Published: May 2024

There is unavoidable need for fish smoking as a preservative technique to reduce rampant post harvest losses in the tropical Africa. However the imperative of healthier and quality smoked products through improved processing method were however investigated. Organoleptic and chemical assessment of African catfish collected from a reputable fish farm in Ogbomoso, Oyo state Nigeria was carried out. Eviscerated and non-eviserated fish samples were smoked using four different smoke sources: Gmelina (Gmnelina arborea), Parkia (Parkia biglobosa), Neem (Azadirachita indica) and charcoal. Overall acceptability was based on 5-point Hedonic scale (excellent (5) - poor (1). Chemical test was on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon contents (benzo(a)pyrene, Fluoranthene, Napthalene, Acenapthalene, Chrysene and Benzo(ghi) perylene). Data were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using general linear mode (GLM) of Factorial Experimental Design and means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range tests (P<0.05). Non- eviscerated smoked African catfish samples had lower scores for colour than eviscerated smoked samples for energy sources used. Eviscerated samples had mean scores of 4.64, 3.91, 3.36 and 2.82 for charcoal, Gmelina, Neem and Parkia smoked samples respectively, much better than scores of 4.36, 2.46, 2.36 and 2.27 obtained for non-eviscerated samples. Total concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were highest in samples produced using Gmelina as smoke source and Neem for eviscerated (15.25 µg/kg) and non-eviscerated (29.43 µg/kg) samples respectively. Evisceration of fish prior to smoking enhances its sensory characteristics however; concentrations of PAHs for both eviscerated and non-eviscerated fish samples were within the recommended international standard limit.
Factors Classifying School Adjustment of Children With and Without Special Needs in Inclusive Preschools
Authors: Sucuoğlu Bülbin , Özbek Ahmet Bilal , Demir Ergül , Bakkaloğlu Hatice 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the factors predicting the school adjustment of Turkish preschool children with and without special needs by assessing the school adjustment, social skills, developmental functions, problem behaviors, and cognitive skills of 122 children from 53 preschool classes in 13 public preschools, as well as teacher-child and teacher-parent relationships. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze data to identify the main predictors of school adjustment. The children’s classification structure was then modeled using a Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis, considering both their important predictors and school adjustment levels. The findings revealed that the children’s social skills were the most critical predictor of school adjustment. The decision tree created based on the results of the CHAID analysis classified the levels of school adjustment of children with different levels of social skills in terms of parent-teacher relations, developmental functions, and problem behaviors.
Size Effects on Magnetic Actuation in Ni‐Mn‐Ga Shape‐Memory Alloys
Authors: Dunand David C. , Müllner Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe off‐stoichiometric Ni2MnGa Heusler alloy is a magnetic shape‐memory alloy capable of reversible magnetic‐field‐induced strains (MFIS). These are generated by twin boundaries moving under the influence of an internal stress produced by a magnetic field through the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. While MFIS are very large (up to 10%) for monocrystalline Ni‐Mn‐Ga, they are near zero (<0.01%) in fine‐grained polycrystals due to incompatibilities during twinning of neighboring grains and the resulting internal geometrical constraints. By growing the grains and/or shrinking the sample, the grain size becomes comparable to one or more characteristic sample sizes (film thickness, wire or strut diameter, ribbon width, particle diameter, etc), and the grains become surrounded by free space. This reduces the incompatibilities between neighboring grains and can favor twinning and thus increase the MFIS. This approach was validated recently with very large MFIS (0.2‐8%) measured in Ni‐Mn‐Ga fibers and foams with bamboo grains with dimensions similar to the fiber or strut diameters and in thin plates where grain diameters are comparable to plate thickness. Here, we review processing, micro‐ and macrostructure, and magneto‐mechanical properties of (i) Ni‐Mn‐Ga powders, fibers, ribbons and films with one or more small dimension, which are amenable to the growth of bamboo grains leading to large MFIS, and (ii) “constructs” from these structural elements (e.g., mats, laminates, textiles, foams and composites). Various strategies are proposed to accentuate this geometric effect which enables large MFIS in polycrystalline Ni‐Mn‐Ga by matching grain and sample sizes.
Olefin production by cofeeding methanol and n‐butane: Kinetic modeling considering the deactivation of HZSM‐5 zeolite
Authors: Mier Diana , Gayubo Ana G. , Aguayo Andres T. , Olazar Martin , Bilbao Javier 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe joint transformation of methanol and n‐butane fed into a fixed‐bed reactor on a HZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst has been studied under energy neutral conditions (methanol/n‐butane molar ratio of 3/1). The kinetic scheme of lumps proposed integrates the reaction steps corresponding to the individual reactions (cracking of n‐butane and MTO process at high‐temperature) and takes into account the synergies between the steps of both reactions. The deactivation by coke deposition has been quantified by an expression dependent on the concentration of the components in the reaction medium, which is evidence that oxygenates are the main coke precursors. The concentration of the components in the reaction medium (methanol, dimethyl ether, n‐butane, C2C4 paraffins, C2C4 olefins, C5C10 lump, and methane) is satisfactorily calculated in a wide range of conditions (between 400 and 550°C, up to 9.5 (g of catalyst) h (mol CH2)−1 and with a time on stream of 5 h) by combining the equation of deactivation with the kinetic model of the main integrated process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Carbon dioxide reforming of methane in kilohertz spark‐discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Li Xiao‐Song , Zhu Bin , Shi Chuan , Xu Yong , Zhu Ai‐Min 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe spark‐discharge plasma, generated between tubular and rotary‐disc electrodes using a sine‐wave high voltage with 5 kHz frequency, was explored for CO2 reforming of CH4. Based upon the investigation on the effects of specific energy input and CO2/CH4 ratio, the energy costs (EC) and fuel‐production efficiencies (η) at various CO2/CH4 ratios (r) in the same conversion range were compared and accordingly their sequences were given: EC (r = 0.5) and EC (r = 3) are the lowest; η(r = 0.5) is the highest. Compared with other nonthermal discharge techniques, the kilohertz spark discharge exhibits low EC and high fuel‐production efficiency, especially at high total‐carbon conversions. Preliminary investigation on partial oxidation and CO2 mixed reforming at (O2 + CO2)/CH4 = 0.5 exhibited high H2/CO ratio (nearly 2) and low total‐carbon EC (0.59–0.96 MJ/mol, 58–77% of total‐carbon conversion, and O2/(CO2 + O2) = 0.8). © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Thalidomide versus bortezomib based regimens as first‐line therapy for patients with multiple myeloma: A systematic review
Authors: Kumar Ambuj , Hozo Iztok , Wheatley Keath , Djulbegovic Benjamin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThalidomide (T) or bortezomib (B) in combination with melphalan plus prednisone (MP) is superior to MP as first line therapy for previously untreated myeloma. However, direct head‐to‐head comparison of Melphalan, Prednisone plus Bortezomib (MPB) versus Melphalan, Prednisone plus Thalidomide (MPT) is lacking. We performed an indirect meta‐analysis to assess the treatment effects of MPB versus MPT via common comparator MP using the systematic review and meta‐analytical techniques. A comprehensive literature search (MEDLINE and gray literature) was undertaken. Systematic review was performed as per the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Initial search yielded 1,013 citations, of which six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling 2,798 patients met the inclusion criteria. Comparison of MPT versus MP (five RCTs) showed no survival difference [hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–1.05] but a statistically significant difference in event‐free survival favoring MPT (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.56–0.77) without excessive treatment‐related mortality [risk ratio (RR) 1.11, 95% CI 0.64–1.92]. Comparison of MPB vs. MP (one RCT) showed a statistically significant benefit for survival (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.84) and event‐free survival (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37–0.63) without difference in treatment‐related mortality (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.11–1.63) with MPB. The indirect comparison of MPB versus MPT showed no difference between MPB versus MPT for all outcomes but a significant benefit for complete response (RR 2.34, 95% CI 1.12–4.90), and grade III/IV adverse events (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.73) favoring MPB. There is an uncertainty about definitive superiority of one type of regimen over the other. Therefore, direct head‐to‐head comparison between these competing regimens is warranted. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of s‐triazine‐based hyperbranched polyurethane for novel carbon‐nanotube‐dispersed nanocomposites
Authors: Mahapatra Sibdas Singha , Rana Sravendra , Cho Jae Whan 
Published: October 2010

Abstracts‐Triazine‐based hyperbranched polyurethanes (HBPUs) with different hard segments were synthesized by A2 + B3 approach. Various kinds of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) nanocomposites with HBPU were prepared to investigate an impact of hyperbranched polymer on dispersion of MWNTs in the polymer matrix and the resulting properties of nanocomposites. Synthesized HBPUs were characterized using FTIR and NMR measurements. The highly branched structures were found very effective in enhancing the pristine MWNT dispersion in the polymer matrix. As a result, the MWNT‐reinforced HBPU nanocomposites showed a steep increase in the yield stress and modulus and enhanced shape memory effect with an increase of hard segment and MWNT loading. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of amphoteric polyacrylamide flocculant and its application in the treatment of tannery wastewater
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Zhang Guanghua , Li Junguo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThrough two‐phase aqueous polymerization, amphoteric polyacrylamide (AmPAM) emulsion, as an environmental friendly flocculant for the tannery wastewater, was firstly synthesized using ammonium sulfate aqueous solution as the dispersion, using acrylamide, cationic monomer ethylene methyl propenoyl‐trimethylammonium chloride (DMC), and anionic monomer acrylic acid (AA). The structure and properties of the synthesized AmPAM were characterized by means of FT‐IR measurement, and the effects of various factors were studied, such as dispersing agent, dispersion medium concentration, initiator concentration, and AA/DMC feeding ratio on the intrinsic viscosity of the emulsion. The influences of pH, the AA/DMC feeding ratio, the intrinsic viscosity, and the dosage of polymer on the flocculating performance were also studied. When the weight percent of ammonium sulfate was 10.0% of emulsion total weight and dispersing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone was 1.2% and the weight percent of initiator was 4.0% of monomer total weight and m (acrylamide): m (DMC): m (AA) was 9: 5: 3, AmPAM achieved overall performance, good solubility, high stability, and application in a wide range of pH value between 4 and 10. The flocculating rate was more than 90.0%. AmPAM flocculant with both anionic group and cationic group provided a clear antipolyelectrolyte effect and a wide pH value range of the application, especially for tannery wastewater. It had not only charge neutralization and adsorption bridging role but also winding and enclosing effect among the molecules so as to flocculate and subside coarse particles of the sludge treated and dehydrate perfectly. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
One‐step fabrication of fluoropolymer transparent films with superhydrophobicity by dry method
Authors: Wang Jian‐Ming , Wang Li‐Duo , Feng Lin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFluoropolymer transparent thin films were deposited on different substrates by one‐step vacuum evaporation method, which exhibit superhydrophobic property with water contact angle (CA) greater than 150°. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film with network structure shows high oleophobicity with oil CA of 138°, whereas polytetrafluoroethylene‐perfluoropropylvinylethers (PFA) film with particle structure is superoleophilicity with oil CA near 0°. It is believed that different conformation of CF2 groups at the surface lead to this different surface activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Rigid polyurethane foam based on modified vegetable oil
Authors: Veronese Vinícius B. , Menger Rodrigo K. , Forte Maria Madalena de C. , Petzhold Cesar L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSoybean oil and castor oil were modified and used to prepare rigid polyurethane foam with similar properties to a commercial foam used for thermal insulation applications. Soybean oil was firstly modified according to a peracid method, using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide to yield a formiated soy polyol. Furthermore, transesterification was performed with a polyfunctional alcohol to increase OH‐functionality. Castor oil, which has hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure, was only transesterified. The vegetable polyols were characterized by OH‐number, Brookfield viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry, and size exclusion chromatography. The foams were prepared at constant NCO/OH ratio (1.2 : 1) by the hand mix method and poured into a closed steel box. They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The apparent density and the compression strength of foams were determined, respectively, by the mass/volume relation and through the table tensile tester. After modification, the polyols reached an OH‐number between 393 and 477 mg KOH/g oil, showing a low viscosity and molecular weight, allowing the preparation of a rigid vegetable foam with an apparent density of 50 ± 1 kg/m3 and compression strength around 200 kPa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Ethylene polymerization with methylaluminoxane/(nBuCp)2ZrCl2 catalyst supported on silica and silica‐alumina at different AlMAO/Zr molar ratios
Authors: Carrero A. , van Grieken R. , Paredes B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMethylaluminoxane (MAO)/(nBuCp)2ZrCl2 metallocene catalytic system was supported on silica and silica‐alumina. The Zr loading was varied between 0.2–0.4 wt %, and the MAO amount was calculated to get (AlMAO/Zr) molar ratios between 100 and 200, suitable for the industrial ethylene polymerization of supported metallocene catalysts. Catalytic activity was statistically analyzed through the response surface method. Within the ranges studied, it was found that Zr loading had a negative effect on polymerization activity, which increases with the (AlMAO/Zr) molar ratio. Catalysts supported on silica‐alumina are more active than those supported on silica, needing less MAO to reach similar productivity, which constitutes an important advantage from an economical and environmental point of view. Supported catalysts were characterized by ICP‐AES, SEM‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy, whereas polyethylenes were characterized by GPC and DSC. Molecular weight and crystallinity are not influenced by Zr loading or (AlMAO/Zr) ratio, in the range studied. In general, silica‐supported MAO/(nBuCp)2ZrCl2 catalysts give polyethylenes with higher molecular weight and polydispersity but lower crystallinity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis of azo chromophores by using a polymer‐supported sodium nitrite
Authors: Karimi Zarchi Mohammad Ali , Karimi Mohammad 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPolymer supported reagents especially anion exchange resins have been widely applied in organic synthesis. The recent developments in polymer‐supported reactions have led to the propagation of combinatorial chemistry as a method for the rapid and efficient preparation of novel functionalized molecules. An interesting and fast growing branch of this area is polymer‐supported reagents. In this study, diazonium salts are generated and are coupled with a coupling component by using a polymer supported nitrite and a polymeric acid. In this procedure, the azo chromophores are formed in a clean and efficient manner, the work‐up is easy and yields are high to excellent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Metal ion removal properties of crosslinked poly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid)
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Muñoz Carla , Leiton Lorena , Pooley S. Amalia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(acrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid) P(AAm‐co‐APSA) copolymers have been prepared to be used in the extraction of Pb(II), Hg(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Al(III), and Cr(III) metal ions from aqueous solution by a batch and column equilibration procedures. The adsorption capacity was increased with pH for all metal ions studied. The contact time and the temperature did not affect the retention significantly. The resin did not show a preference in a mixture of Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Cr(III). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of polymers blend ratio binder on electrochemical and morphological properties of PC/S‐PVC‐based heterogeneous cation‐exchange membranes
Authors: Khodabakhshi A. R. , Madaeni S. S. , Hosseini S. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this research, heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by the casting‐solution technique using polycarbonate (PC) and S‐polyvinylchloride (S‐PVC) as binders along with cation exchange resin as functional group agent. The effect of blend ratio (PC to S‐PVC) of polymer binder on structure and electrochemical properties of the prepared membranes were elucidated. The morphology of the prepared membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning optical microscopy (SOM). The images show that the addition of PC ratio in the casting solution results in formation of a membrane with more inner cavities and micro voids. The electrochemical properties and mechanical strength tests were conducted. Water content, ion exchange capacity, ion permeability, flux, current efficiency, and oxidative stability of the prepared membranes initially were decreased by increasing the PC ratio in the casting solution and then it began to increase. The blending of S‐PVC and PC polymers results in membranes with lower mechanical strength. Membrane potential, surface charge density, perm‐selectivity, cationic transport number, electrical resistance, and energy consumption were initially improved by the increment of PC ratio in the casting solution and then it decreased. The membrane with 70% PC exhibited the highest flux, maximum current efficiency, and minimum energy consumption. However, the selectivity of this membrane was low compared with the other prepared membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of porous PVC membrane via a phase inversion method from PVC/DMAc/water/additives
Authors: Mei Shuo , Xiao Changfa , Hu Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) membranes were prepared via a phase inversion method, using N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sucrose as three typical additives and water as the coagulation medium. The phase diagrams of the PVC/DMAc/additives/water quaternary systems were constructed using cloud‐point experimental data. With the addition of the different additives, the effect of dope solution temperature on the dope solution viscosity and the structure of membranes were investigated. It indicates that the viscosity of the PVC/DMAc dope solution with the additive increase compared with the dope solution without any additive and the addition of the additives into the dope solution alter the morphology and structure of the resultant membranes during the phase‐inversion process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Seven New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans
Authors: Yamada Yousuke , Kitajima Mariko , Kogure Noriyuki , Wongseripipatana Sumphan , Takayama Hiromitsu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeven new indole alkaloids were isolated from the roots of Gelsemium elegans Benth. and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation from known alkaloids. Kounaminal (1) is a new koumine‐type alkaloid that contains an unusual aminal moiety. Humantenoxenine (2) and 15‐hydroxyhumantenoxenine (3) are humantenine‐type alkaloids that contain a novel β‐amino‐α,β‐unsaturated ketone residue. The other four novel alkaloids are two gelsedilam‐related and two gelsenicine‐related alkaloids.