bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total palliative care for a patient with multiple cerebral infarctions that occurred repeatedly in association with gastric cancer (Trousseau's syndrome)
Authors: Ukai Katsuyuki , Okajima Akiko , Yamauchi Aya , Sasaki Eiji , Yamaguchi Yohsuke , Kimura Hiroyuki , Aleksic Branko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:Malignancy-related thromboembolism, also referred to as Trousseau's syndrome, can present as acute cerebral infarction, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), and migratory thrombophlebitis. Therefore, many physical, neurological, and psychological symptoms associated with Trousseau's syndrome may occur in the clinical course.Method:To illustrate this, we report a case of a male patient in his 50s with carcinomatous peritonitis caused by gastric cancer, with multiple cerebral infractions that developed during disease progression. The patient was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of side effects of chemotherapy, although he strongly hoped to go home as soon as possible. In addition to making social supports plans, we were required to perform intensive total palliative care, because of his physical pain, general fatigue, anorexia, abdominal and neck pain, and psychological issues (insomnia, delirium, depression, suicidal thoughts, self-mutilation, panic attacks, agoraphobia, fear of death, and feelings of hopelessness).Results:To the best of our knowledge, based on the literature search, this is the first reported case of Trousseau's syndrome described in the context of total palliative care, especially psychological care.Significance of results:We propose that neurological symptoms of Trousseau's syndrome cause these extensive mental disorders. Furthermore, because of the prognosis of Trousseau's syndrome, we should utilize our expertise fulfill the patient's wishes.
COMPLETENESS VIA CORRESPONDENCE FOR EXTENSIONS OF THE LOGIC OF PARADOX
Authors: KOOI BARTELD , TAMMINGA ALLARD 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTaking our inspiration from modal correspondence theory, we present the idea of correspondence analysis for many-valued logics. As a benchmark case, we study truth-functional extensions of the Logic of Paradox (LP). First, we characterize each of the possible truth table entries for unary and binary operators that could be added to LP by an inference scheme. Second, we define a class of natural deduction systems on the basis of these characterizing inference schemes and a natural deduction system for LP. Third, we show that each of the resulting natural deduction systems is sound and complete with respect to its particular semantics.
Reexamining Political Discussion and Disagreement in Church Networks: An Exit Poll Assessment
Authors: Sokhey Anand Edward , Mockabee Stephen T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe workplace has been hailed as a fruitful context for encountering difference, but other institutions of adult life — notably the church — have been downplayed, as it has been argued that self-selection produces political homogeneity within these environments. At the same time, much of what scholars know about social influence has been based on relatively blunt measures of disagreement, typically included in surveys conducted over multiple-week spans either before or after the actual voting has taken place. Inspired by work on the survival, loci, and democratic consequences of political disagreement, we survey voters at the moment when the literature would suggest they should be most likely to report agreement: Election Day. Wedding exit poll methodology with items that capture the major dimensions of networks and the content of discussion, we re-examine the contexts in which discussions take place and untangle issue-specific patterns of disagreement. We find evidence that church-based networks fulfill important democratic roles relative to other contexts, exposing individuals to cross-cutting discourse while serving as unique sources of information in the midst of broader electoral environments.
The Curious Case of School Prayer: Political Entrepreneurship and the Resilience of Legal Institutions
Authors: Hays Bradley D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSchool prayer represents a curiosity of Reagan era politics. Reagan and the social conservative movement secured numerous successes in accommodating religious practice and faith in the public sphere. Yet, when it came to restoring voluntary school prayer, conservatives never succeeded in securing the judicial victory that they sought despite conditions that seemingly favored change. Herein, we attempt to reconcile Reagan era successes with Reagan era failures by exploring Reagan's entrepreneurial activity to affect both the demand (i.e., judges) and supply (i.e., litigants) side of legal change. Identifying Reagan's entrepreneurial activities in his attempt to alter national social policy reveals the resilience of legal institutions to presidential and partisan regimes. Reagan's efforts to change national school prayer policy gained some measure of legislative success by securing the Equal Access Act but it failed to garner a change in school prayer jurisprudence. We conclude by noting that the difficulty of influencing both the demand and supply side of legal change in a timely manner and its implication for reconstructing policy through the courts.
RethinkingDover: Religion, Science, and the Values of Democratic Citizenship
Authors: Liebell Susan P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTheDoverdecision restricted the mention of Intelligent Design in a public school science classroom yet theDoveropinion offers an inadequate defensive position. Liberal democracy can exclude Intelligent Design based on the Establishment Clause yet courts do not affirm the teaching of best available science or connect teaching science to other constitutional rights, duties, or institutions. AlthoughDoverhas triggered a debate over the role of religion in public and private life, the case reveals complex issues regarding science, citizenship, and the values of liberal democratic civic identity. In three sections, this article (1) reviews the creationism jurisprudence; (2) dissects theDoverdecision; and (3) suggests an alternative juridical approach grounded in an education case,Plyler v. Doe, in which education creates citizens who are politically competent, economically fit, and capable of self-development. The conclusion reframes the debate over Intelligent Design as one of civic identity and political reproduction arguing that liberals, using the ideas of Brennan, Marshall, and Breyer must make a positive case for the role of science in shaping the liberal citizen, worker, and person.
Exploring a new method for the retrieval of urban thermophysical properties using thermal infrared remote sensing and deterministic modeling
Authors: De Ridder K. , Bertrand C. , Casanova G. , Lefebvre W. 
Published: July 2012

Increasingly, mesoscale meteorological and climate models are used to predict urban weather and climate. Yet, large uncertainties remain regarding values of some urban surface properties. In particular, information concerning urban values for thermal roughness length and thermal admittance is scarce. In this paper, we present a method to estimate values for thermal admittance in combination with an optimal scheme for thermal roughness length, based on METEOSAT‐8/SEVIRI thermal infrared imagery in conjunction with a deterministic atmospheric model containing a simple urbanized land surface scheme. Given the spatial resolution of the SEVIRI sensor, the resulting parameter values are applicable at scales of the order of 5 km. As a study case we focused on the city of Paris, for the day of 29 June 2006. Land surface temperature was calculated from SEVIRI thermal radiances using a new split‐window algorithm specifically designed to handle urban conditions, as described inAppendix A, including a correction for anisotropy effects. Land surface temperature was also calculated in an ensemble of simulations carried out with the ARPS mesoscale atmospheric model, combining different thermal roughness length parameterizations with a range of thermal admittance values. Particular care was taken to spatially match the simulated land surface temperature with the SEVIRI field of view, using the so‐called point spread function of the latter. Using Bayesian inference, the best agreement between simulated and observed land surface temperature was obtained for the Zilitinkevich (1970) and Brutsaert (1975) thermal roughness length parameterizations, the latter with the coefficients obtained by Kanda et al. (2007). The retrieved thermal admittance values associated with either thermal roughness parameterization were, respectively, 1843 ± 108 J m−2 s−1/2 K−1 and 1926 ± 115 J m−2 s−1/2 K−1.
Weighing the ocean: Using a single mooring to measure changes in the mass of the ocean
Authors: Hughes Chris W. , Tamisiea Mark E. , Bingham Rory J. , Williams Joanne 
Published: July 2012

Combining ocean and earth models, we show that there is a region in the central Pacific ocean where ocean bottom pressure is a direct measure of interannual changes in ocean mass, with a noise level for annual means below 3 mm water equivalent, and a trend error below 1 mm/yr. We demonstrate this concept using existing ocean bottom pressure measurements from the region, from which we extract the annual cycle of ocean mass (amplitude 8.5 mm, peaking in late September), which is in agreement with previous determinations based on complex combinations of global data sets. This method sidesteps a number of limitations in satellite gravity‐based calculations, but its direct implementation is currently limited by the precision of pressure sensors, which suffer from significant drift. Development of a low‐drift method to measure ocean bottom pressure at a few sites could provide an important geodetic constraint on the earth system.
Space‐time variability of polar cap patches: Direct evidence for internal plasma structuring
Authors: Dahlgren H. , Perry G. W. , Semeter J. L. , St.‐Maurice J.‐P. , Hosokawa K. , Nicolls M. J. , Greffen M. , Shiokawa K. , Heinselman C. 
Published: July 2012

Coordinated observations of ionospheric variability near the geomagnetic pole using the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR‐N), Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) High Frequency (HF) radars, and all‐sky imagers have clarified the relative contribution of structuring mechanisms operating on polar plasma patches. From the multipoint RISR‐N observations, a three dimensional image can be constructed of the plasma parameters. The colocated coherent echoes from the SuperDARN radars provide information on field aligned irregularities, and from all‐sky imagers located in Resolute Bay, Canada and Qaanaaq, Greenland, information is obtained on the emission brightness at different wavelengths. A good correlation is found between the location of the coherent, incoherent and optical signals of patches. From the SuperDARN radar data it is evident that plasma irregularities seem to be present throughout the region of enhanced electron density. The patches are observed to be formed in the cusp region due to bursty flux transfer events and are then transported across the polar cap. During the time period of about 10 minutes when a patch drifted through the RISR‐N field of view, the patch seemed to undergo significant deformation in all three spatial dimensions, with density fluctuations of about 10% and spatial variations leading to stretching and tilting of the patch. The findings show that plasma structuring can likely occur within polar cap patches, which support previous suggestions that a patch is highly variable as it drifts across the polar cap, with a faster spread of irregularities throughout the patch as a result.
Frictional strength and healing behavior of phyllosilicate‐rich faults
Authors: Tesei Telemaco , Collettini Cristiano , Carpenter Brett M. , Viti Cecilia , Marone Chris 
Published: July 2012

We study the mechanisms of frictional strength recovery for tectonic faults with particular focus on fault gouge that contains phyllosilicate minerals. We report laboratory and microstructural work from fault rocks associated with a regional, low‐angle normal fault in Central Italy. Experiments were conducted in a biaxial deformation apparatus at room temperature and humidity, nominally dry, under constant normal stresses of 20 and 50 MPa, and at a sliding velocity of 10μm/s. Our results for nominally dry conditions show good agreement with previous work conducted under controlled pore fluid pressure. The phyllosilicate contents of our samples, which include clay, talc and chlorite range from 0 to 52 weight %. We study both intact rock samples, sheared in their in situ geometry, and powders made from the same rocks to address the role of fabric in fault healing. We measured frictional healing, Δμ, using slide‐hold‐slide tests with hold periods ranging from 3 to 3000 s. Phyllosilicate‐free materials show friction values ofμ ≈ 0.6 and healing rates that are larger in powdered samples, β ≈ 0.006 (Δμ per decade in time, s) compared to intact wafers of fault rock, β≈ 0.004. For phyllosilicate‐bearing materials, healing rates are low,β< 0.002, and independent of fabric, phyllosilicate content and normal stress. We observe that frictional strength decreases systematically with increasing phyllosilicate content. Intact, phyllosilicate‐bearing fault rock is consistently weaker than its powdered equivalent (0.2 <μ < 0.3 versus 0.4 < μ< 0.5, respectively). We compare our data to results from experiments conducted on a wide range of materials and conditions. Deformation microstructures show localized slipping along sub‐parallel shear planes. We suggest that low values of frictional strength and near zero healing rates will combine to exacerbate the weakness of phyllosilicate‐bearing faults and promote stable, aseismic creep.
Planetary boundary layer heights from GPS radio occultation refractivity and humidity profiles
Authors: Ao Chi O. , Waliser Duane E. , Chan Steven K. , Li Jui‐Lin , Tian Baijun , Xie Feiqin , Mannucci Anthony J. 
Published: July 2012

The height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is an important parameter that relates to the various processes associated with the PBL. In this paper, we use Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPSRO) measurements to derive a global climatology of PBL heights. Utilizing the strength of GPSRO in capturing fine vertical structures, the top of the PBL is defined to be the height at which the vertical gradient of the refractivity or water vapor partial pressure is minimum, corresponding to the height where the refractivity or water vapor pressure changes most rapidly. A “sharpness parameter” is defined that quantifies the applicability of these definitions. The sharpness parameter is largest over the subtropical regions characterized by strong subsidence. When the sharpness parameter is large, the refractivity‐ and moisture‐based heights are shown to converge. We derived global PBL height climatology using three years (Dec. 2006–Nov. 2009) of COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3 measurements and compared with values calculated from ECMWF Reanalysis Interim (ERA‐Int). We found that the mean PBL heights from GPSRO shared similar spatial and seasonal variations with ERA‐Int; however, GPSRO heights were higher by 500 m. The standard deviation was also higher from GPSRO, especially in the tropics. We present detailed comparisons between GPSRO and ERA‐Int over the Pacific Ocean and the Sahara desert and examine the PBL height distributions as well as its annual and diurnal variabilities. These results suggest that the underlying causes of the bias between GPSRO and ERA‐Int likely vary from region to region.
Second language effects on ambiguity resolution in the first language
Authors: Brien Christie , Sabourin Laura L. 
Published: July 2012

The processing of homonyms is complex considering homonyms have many lexical properties. For instance, train contains semantic (a locomotive/to instruct) and syntactic (noun/verb) properties, each affecting interpretation. Previous studies find homonym processing influenced by lexical frequency (Duffy et al. 1988) as well as syntactic and semantic context (Folk & Morris 2003; Swinney 1979; Tanenhaus et al. 1979).	This cross-modal lexical-decision study investigates second language (L2) effects on homonym processing in the first language (L1). Participants were monolingual English speakers and Canadian English/French bilinguals who acquired L2 French at distinct periods.	The early bilinguals revealed no significant differences compared to monolinguals (p = .219) supporting the Reordered Access Model (Duffy et al. 1988). However, the late bilinguals revealed longer reaction times, syntactic priming effects (p < .001), and lexical frequency effects (p < .001), suggesting a heightened sensitivity to surface cues influencing homonym processing in the L1 due to a newly-acquired L2 (Cook 2003).
Genetic Analysis Reveals Dispersal of Florida Bass Haplotypes from Reservoirs to Rivers in Central Texas
Authors: Ray Jesse W. , Husemann Martin , King Ryan S. , Danley Patrick D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe analyzed the genetic structure of putative largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides populations in nonstocked, wadeable streams of central Texas. Mitochondrial D‐loop sequences were generated for 69 fish sampled for this project. In addition, 27 largemouth bass and Florida bass M. floridanus specimens provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) were sequenced. The TPWD samples represented stock lineages as well as wild fish from outside of the sampling region. Our analyses revealed the presence of both largemouth bass and Florida bass mitochondrial haplotypes at all sampling locations. Haplotypes of the nonnative Florida bass accounted for 26% of all haplotypes. The presence of Florida bass haplotypes at the sampling locations indicates that the influence of stocking reaches far beyond managed reservoirs. The admixture of nonnative genetic material can increase genetic diversity of native populations, but outbreeding depression, competition, and other negative impacts are of concern. Although the stocking of nonnative Florida bass in reservoirs may enhance fishing opportunities, it also has the ability to alter stream systems that are directly connected to stocked reservoirs.
Evaluation of Osmotic Induction of Calcein Treatments for Marking Juvenile Walleyes
Authors: Logsdon Dale E. , Pittman Bruce J. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Osmotic induction of calcein was evaluated as a nonlethally detectable alternative to immersion in oxytetracycline for batch marking 42–58-d old walleyes Sander vitreus. A preliminary laboratory study and five larger-scale pond experiments were conducted to evaluate mark efficacy, mark retention, and tolerance to immersion in solutions of salt at 25 g/L or 50 g/L of water followed by immersion in a solution of calcein at 5 g/L of water. Walleyes became obviously stressed when immersed in the salt solutions, and mortalities immediately following the treatments ranged from 0% to 53%. All surviving walleyes possessed marks visible with a hand-held detector. However, the intensity of marks decreased exponentially on walleyes held in ponds, and only walleyes treated by initial immersion in the salt solution of 50 g/L possessed detectable marks when harvested 17–19 weeks posttreatment. The brightest marks occurred on structures most protected from sunlight. Marks on pelvic scales removed at time of capture also remained visible via epifluorescent microscopy for at least 2 weeks when stored in a freezer. These results suggest that osmotic induction of calcein would be a suitable method of producing nonlethally detectable marks for short-term stocking evaluations if techniques to reduce the stress induced by the marking process could be deployed.
Received December 12, 2011; accepted May 1, 2012
Spleen Index and Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels in Four Channel Catfish Families Exhibiting Different Susceptibilities to Flavobacterium columnare and Edwardsiella ictaluri
Authors: LaFrentz Benjamin R. , Shoemaker Craig A. , Booth Natha J. , Peterson Brian C. , Ourth Donald D. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare are two bacterial pathogens that affect channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus aquaculture. At the Catfish Genetics Research Unit (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service), some progress has been made in selectively breeding for resistance to E. ictaluri; however, the susceptibility of these families to F. columnare is not known. Our objectives were to obtain baseline information on the susceptibility of channel catfish families (maintained as part of the selective breeding program) to E. ictaluri and F. columnare and to determine whether the spleen index and plasma levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are predictive indicators of susceptibility to these pathogens. Four channel catfish families were used: family A was randomly chosen from spawns of fish that were not selectively bred for resistance; families B, C, and D were obtained after selection for resistance to E. ictaluri. All four families were immersion challenged with both bacterial pathogens; the spleen index and plasma MBL levels of unchallenged fish from each family were determined. Mean cumulative percent mortality (CPM) after E. ictaluri challenge ranged from 4% to 33% among families. Families A and B were more susceptible to F. columnare (mean CPM of three independent challenges = 95% and 93%) than families C and D (45% and 48%), demonstrating that there is genetic variation in resistance to F. columnare. Spleen index values and MBL levels were not significantly different, indicating that these metrics are not predictive indicators of F. columnare or E. ictaluri susceptibility in the four tested families. Interestingly, the two families that exhibited the highest CPM after F. columnare challenges had the lowest CPM after E. ictaluri challenge. Further research on larger numbers of families is needed to determine whether there is any genetic correlation between resistance to E. ictaluri and resistance to F. columnare.
Received November 18, 2011; accepted February 23, 2012
Domain structure and piezoelectric response in lanthanide rare earth-substituted multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Yan F , Lai M O , Lu Li 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The microstructure, domain structure and piezoelectric response in lanthanide rare-earth ion (Ln) substituted BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films are investigated systematically. Although most of the peaks in the x-ray patterns of the rare-earth-substituted BFO films are consistent with the rhombohedral crystal structure, the patterns of the Ce-, Eu- and Yb-doped samples indicate that the films contain a small amount of tetragonal impurity phase. The piezoelectric properties are enhanced due to the increased relative Bi–O displacement and the rotation of FeO6 octahedra. Meanwhile, the domain structures of BFO films become more homogeneous by inserting Ln ions. Furthermore, the piezoresponse properties are improved by introducing Ln ions, which is attributed to the variation of ionic strength of bands between Ln ions and O ions caused by chemical modification and a lower symmetry structure