bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and functional sex expression in the Malagasy endemic Tina striata (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Vary Laura B. , Sakai Ann K. , Weller Stephen G. 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Knowledge of the functional sex expression of flowers is critical to identify the breeding system and potential for outcrossing in individuals but difficult to determine based solely on floral morphology. Individuals of the Malagasy endemic Tina striata (Sapindaceae) have both morphologically male (staminate) flowers and hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers, although many Sapindaceae species have only functionally unisexual flowers. Two populations of T. striata were studied to determine the functional sex expression of flowers and their breeding system.• Methods: To determine whether morphologically hermaphroditic flowers have only female function, we compared male flowers and morphologically hermaphroditic flowers for (1) floral size, (2) pollen production and morphology, (3) patterns of anther dehiscence, (4) pollen germination, and (5) floral visitation patterns.• Key results: Relative to male flowers, morphologically hermaphroditic flowers had similar pollen grain morphology but smaller androecia and less pollen. Anthers from male flowers dehisced on days 3 and 4 of flowering and then abscised with the male flower. Anthers from hermaphroditic flowers did not dehisce or release pollen and abscised after the fourth day of flowering. Pollen from hermaphroditic flowers was less likely to germinate and produce pollen tubes. Floral visitors were similar for male and hermaphroditic flowers, and no visitation to hermaphroditic flowers was observed after stamen abscission.• Conclusions: Morphologically hermaphroditic flowers of T. striata do not have male function and are functionally female; therefore, T. striata has a monoecious breeding system, with possible adaptations to promote outcrossing.
Microsatellite primers for vulnerable seagrass Halophila beccarii (Hydrocharitaceae)
Authors: Jiang Kai , Shi Yi‐Su , Zhang Jian , Xu Na‐Na 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Polymorphic microsatellite primers were developed in the vulnerable seagrass Halophila beccarii to investigate genetic variation and provide necessary markers for studying its population genetic structure.• Methods and Results: Six polymorphic and six monomorphic microsatellite loci were developed in H. beccarii. Most loci were successfully amplified across 40 H. beccarii individuals collected from three populations from coastal regions of southern China. Two to four alleles per locus were observed at the six polymorphic loci. The highest expected heterozygosity was 0.5737.• Conclusions: The results demonstrate low levels of polymorphism in H. beccarii from coastal regions of southern China. They also illustrate that these primers may be useful for studying the mating system and population genetics of H. beccarii on a global scale.
Le coût du bonus/malus écologique
Authors: d’Haultfœuille Xavier , Durrmeyer Isis , Février Philippe 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les évaluations ex ante constituent un outil d’aide à la décision pour les pouvoirs publics dans la mesure où elles permettent de quantifier les effets et de prédire l’efficacité d’une politique avant sa mise en œuvre. Nous nous intéressons ici à la politique du bonus/malus écologique introduite en France afin de réduire les émissions de co 2 des automobiles. La politique était supposée s’autofinancer, les malus subventionnant les bonus. Un an après sa mise en place, on observe une réduction des émissions de co 2 de 5 % pour un coût de 225 M€. Nous faisons une analyse ex post d’une potentielle évaluation ex ante de cette politique économique. Nous montrons que le coût n’était pas prévisible car la réaction des consommateurs au bonus/malus est plus complexe qu’une simple réaction aux changements de prix.
La fourniture de biens publics par un gouvernement à deux niveaux
Authors: Boyer Pierre C. 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Nous étudions la fourniture d’un bien public par un gouvernement comprenant deux niveaux d’administration : d’une part, le chef du gouvernement, un planificateur bienveillant, et, d’autre part, des bureaucrates. Nous supposons que, par rapport au chef du gouvernement, les citoyens disposent d’information privée sur leurs préférences pour le bien public, tandis que les bureaucrates peuvent avoir de l’information sur les préférences des citoyens. Nous montrons comment l’information additionnelle des bureaucrates ainsi que le risque de collusion entre les bureaucrates et des groupes de citoyens peuvent modifier la quantité de bien public fournie.
L'électrification de l'Afrique équatoriale française (aef) dans la période de l'après Seconde Guerre mondiale : aménagements hydroélectriques et rivalités interterritoriales
Authors: Mehyong Stéphane William , Ndong Robert Edgard 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Tâtonnante jusqu’en 1945, l’électrification de l’Afrique équatoriale française ( aef ), créée en 1910, connaît un développement relatif après la Seconde Guerre mondiale : c’est une matérialisation de la politique de modernisation des territoires d’outre-mer décidée par les autorités métropolitaines. À la base de la dynamisation du processus d’électrification de la Fédération, il y a une synergie d’acteurs institutionnels et entrepreneuriaux. Mais la nouvelle politique ne place pas les différents territoires de la Fédération sur un pied d’égalité. Le Moyen-Congo, où se trouve Brazzaville, capitale fédérale, est privilégié. Il en résulte l’édification de la centrale hydroélectrique du Djoué. La trop grande priorité accordée à cet aménagement engendre des frictions au sein de la Fédération. D’où, une course à la modernisation qui tend à l’affrontement et aboutit à l’aménagement d’un autre barrage, celui de Boali, à proximité de Bangui, pour apaiser l’exaspération grandissante des élus oubanguiens.
Sur les Principes de colonisation d'Arthur Girault (1895)
Authors: El Mechat Samya 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Arthur Girault, professeur de droit et doyen de la faculté de droit de Poitiers de 1923 à 1931, publie en 1895 la première édition de ses Principes de colonisation et de législation coloniale . L’étonnante destinée éditoriale d’un livre, qui connaîtra cinq éditions en moins d’un demi-siècle et servira à la formation de milliers d’administrateurs coloniaux, justifie l’intérêt qui peut être porté, aujourd’hui encore, aux conceptions que l’auteur développe. L’article traite exclusivement de la partie introductive d’un ouvrage qui se déclinera progressivement en cinq tomes. Le propos de l’auteur est d’ancrer la description de la législation coloniale dans ce qu’il appelle des principes de colonisation. Il s’agit de relier la problématique générale de la colonisation à celle de la législation coloniale en montrant que le type de colonisation détermine les choix institutionnels et les modèles juridiques. Arthur Girault construit sa théorie autour de trois principes qui renvoient aux trois formes de colonisation qu’il croit discerner. Le premier principe, l’assujettissement, est moralement critiquable, car il tourne le dos au devoir d’éducation et d’élévation que le colonisateur conserve à l’égard du pays colonisé. Le deuxième principe, l’autonomie, est pour Girault un modèle vertueux. Il admire l’Angleterre qui s’en inspire pour l’organisation de son empire, mais il rejette sa transposition pour l’Empire français au nom d’un supposé génie latin. Le troisième principe, l’assimilation, exprime les préférences de Girault. C’est aussi pour lui le point d’aboutissement d’une politique coloniale réussie, car elle vise à unir étroitement la colonie à sa métropole en s’inspirant des idéaux républicains. Pour lui, les colonies intégrant la patrie doivent progressivement être soumises aux mêmes règles que la métropole. Mais l’auteur admet aussitôt dans les éditions successives de son ouvrage que cette idée généreuse reste un objectif lointain. L’article montre l’attachement de Girault à la doctrine héritée des Lumières ainsi que son hésitation à en faire bénéficier les protectorats et colonies. D’autre part, l’idéologie scientiste qui caractérise la fin du xix e siècle imprime fortement les idées d’Arthur Girault. Développée sur un fond de darwinisme social, sa doctrine adhère aux principaux postulats du positivisme en trahissant une confiance presque aveugle dans le progrès de la science et de l’histoire elle-même.
Adoption of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Fraser R. , McClay J. , Woelfl N. , Thompson C.B. , Cambell J. , Windle J. , Grabenbauer L. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryObjective: Less than 20% of hospitals in the US have an electronic health record (EHR). In this qualitative study, we examine the perspectives of both academic and private physicians and administrators as stakeholders, and their alignment, to explore their perspectives on the use of technology in the clinical environment.Methods: Focus groups were conducted with 74 participants who were asked a series of open-ended questions. Grounded theory was used to analyze the transcribed data and build convergent themes. The relevance and importance of themes was constructed by examining frequency, convergence, and intensity. A model was proposed that represents the interactions between themes. Results: Six major themes emerged, which include the impact of EHR systems on workflow, patient care, communication, research/outcomes/billing, education/learning, and institutional culture. Academic and private physicians were confident of the future benefits of EHR systems, yet cautious about the current implementations of EHR, and its impact on interactions with other members of the healthcare team and with patients, and the amount of time necessary to use EHR’s. Private physicians differed on education and were uneasy about the steep learning curve necessary for use of new systems. In contrast to physicians, university and hospital administrators are optimistic, and value the availability of data for use in reporting.Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that both private and academic physicians concur on the need for features that maintain and enhance the relationship with the patient and the healthcare team. Resistance to adoption is related to insufficient functionality and its potential negative impact on patient care. Integration of data collection into clinical workflows must consider the unexpected costs of data acquisition.
Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, Subjective Quality of Vision, and Quality of Life with 4 Different Multifocal IOLs
Authors: Gil Miguel A. , Varon Consuelo , Rosello Noemi , Cardona Genis , Buil José A. 
Published: May 2011

Purpose This prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial was designed to evaluate visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, subjective quality of vision, and quality of life in 47 patients symmetrically, and randomly, implanted with 4 different IOL designs (SN6AD1, SN60D3, ReZoom NXG1, and Tecnis ZMA00), 3 months after cataract intervention. Methods Binocular corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity, binocular distance corrected (BCNVA) and uncorrected (UCNVA) near visual acuity, binocular distance corrected (BCIVA) and uncorrected (UCIVA) intermediate visual acuity, photopic, mesopic, and mesopic with glare contrast sensitivity, quality of vision, and quality of life were evaluated. Results Statistically and clinically significant differences were found in BCNVA and UCNVA at 33 cm between high and low add power IOLs, while diffractive SN6AD1 lenses achieved better UCNVA at 40 cm than refractive ReZoom IOLs. Asphericity and low add power were found to improve BCIVA. Contrast sensitivity was similarly compromised in all IOL models, although diffractive optics and aspheric profiles performed better in mesopic conditions. All IOL types received similar overall satisfaction and quality of life scores. Whereas ReZoom patients depended on their spectacles for near tasks, intermediate vision was spectacle independent. Photic phenomena were present in all IOLs, albeit more frequent in ReZoom IOLs. Conclusions The present results, which reflect IOL characteristics in optics, profile, and add power, may contribute to help surgeons decide on the type of IOL most suitable for each patient, especially those with high visual demands at near and intermediate distances.
Diagnostic accuracy, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Greek version of the patient health questionnaire 9 in diagnosing depression in rheumatologic disorders
Authors: Hyphantis Thomas , Kotsis Konstantinos , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Tsifetaki Niki , Creed Francis , Drosos Alexandros A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9) was developed to screen for depressive disorders in community, primary care, and medical settings. We aimed to estimate its diagnostic accuracy, internal consistency, reliability, and convergent validity in diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD) in Greek patients with rheumatologic disorders.MethodsIn a 2‐phase sampling design study, we recruited 475 patients with established rheumatologic disorders. One of 2 of the high scorers (PHQ‐9 score ≥9, n = 85) and 1 of 3 of the low scorers (PHQ‐9 score 0–8, n = 128) were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to confirm MDD. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to confirm the optimum threshold value. The scale's dimensional structure was tested with factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Psychological distress (Symptom Check List‐90‐Revised [SCL‐90‐R]), disability (Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index), and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL; World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument [WHOQOL‐BREF]) were also assessed to test convergent validity with bivariate correlations.ResultsAt an optimum threshold of 10, the PHQ‐9 showed a sensitivity of 81.2% and a specificity of 86.8%. The area under the curve was 0.91. The PHQ‐9 presented unidimensional structure with good scale reliability (α = 0.82). The PHQ‐9 score presented the greatest correlations with SCL‐90‐R depression (r = 0.736) and WHOQOL‐BREF mental HRQOL scales (r = −0.571), and all other correlations with disability and HRQOL were in the expected direction.ConclusionAt a cutoff of 10, the PHQ‐9 is an accurate, reliable, and valid measure for screening for MDD among Greek rheumatologic patients.
Development and initial validation of composite parent‐ and child‐centered disease assessment indices for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Consolaro Alessandro , Ruperto Nicolino , Pistorio Angela , Lattanzi Bianca , Solari Nicoletta , Galasso Roberta , Pederzoli Silvia , Varnier Giulia C. , Dolezalova Pavla , Alessio Maria , Burgos‐Vargas Ruben , Vesely Richard , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo ,   Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a parent‐centered and a child‐centered composite disease assessment index for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): the Juvenile Arthritis Parent Assessment Index (JAPAI) and the Juvenile Arthritis Child Assessment Index (JACAI), respectively.MethodsThe JAPAI and the JACAI include 4 measures: parent/child rating of overall well‐being, pain, physical function, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Validation analyses were conducted on nearly 5,000 patients and included assessment of construct validity, discriminant validity, responsiveness to change, and reliability. Besides the 4‐item version, a 3‐item version of both indices, which did not include HRQOL, was tested.ResultsThe JAPAI and the JACAI demonstrated good construct validity, yielding high correlations with the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score and moderate correlations with physician global rating and joint counts. Correlations obtained for the JAPAI and the JACAI and for the 4‐item and the 3‐item versions were comparable. Factorial analysis by principal component analysis showed that both indices are monodimensional. Both the JAPAI and JACAI discriminated well between different disease states and courses and between different levels of American College of Rheumatology Pediatric criteria in a clinical trial, and revealed fair responsiveness to clinical change. Internal consistency was satisfactory, with a Cronbach's alpha of >0.80 in all but 1 of the patient samples tested.ConclusionThe JAPAI and the JACAI were found to be valid instruments for assessment of disease status in JIA and suitable surrogates of physicians' evaluations. Both indices are potentially applicable in clinical practice, observational studies, and therapeutic trials.
Conditional DNA‐Protein Interactions Confer Stimulus‐Sensing Properties to Biohybrid Materials
Authors: Christen Erik H. , Karlsson Maria , Kämpf Michael M. , Schoenmakers Ronald , Gübeli Raphael J. , Wischhusen Hanna M. , Friedrich Christian , Fussenegger Martin , Weber Wilfried 
Published: May 2011

AbstractInteractive materials that specifically respond to environmental stimuli hold high promise as energy‐autonomous sensors and actuators in biomedicine, analytics or microsystems engineering. However, the implementation of materials specifically responsive to a given small molecule has so far been hampered by a lack of generically applicable stimulus sensors. In this study, a novel and likely general strategy for the synthesis of biohybrid materials with desired stimulus specificity is established. The strategy is based on allosterically regulated DNA‐binding proteins, a conserved protein family that has evolved in prokaryotes to sense and respond to most diverse molecules in order to enable bacterial survival in a changing environment. The novel hydrogel design concept is demonstrated with the example of single‐chain TetR, a protein that binds the tetO DNA motif and dissociates thereof in the presence of the antibiotic tetracycline. Therefore, linear polyacrylamide is crosslinked via the TetR/tetO interaction to a biohybrid material that can subsequently be dissolved by tetracycline in a dose‐dependent manner. This drug‐induced dissolution is applied for the adjustable release of the cytokine interleukin 4 in a tetracycline‐dependent manner. The design concept developed in this study might serve as a blueprint for the synthesis of biohybrid materials responsive to drugs, metabolites or toxins by replacing TetR/tetO with another protein/DNA pair showing the desired stimulus specificity.
Euler–Lagrange modeling of a gas–liquid stirred reactor with consideration of bubble breakage and coalescence
Authors: Sungkorn R. , Derksen J. J. , Khinast J. G. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSimulations of a gas–liquid stirred reactor including bubble breakage and coalescence were performed. The filtered conservation equations for the liquid phase were discretized using a lattice‐Boltzmann scheme. A Lagrangian approach with a bubble parcel concept was used for the dispersed gas phase. Bubble breakage and coalescence were modeled as stochastic events. Additional assumptions for bubble breakup modeling in an Euler–Lagrange framework were proposed. The action of the reactor components on the liquid flow field was described using an immersed boundary condition. The predicted number‐based mean diameter and long‐term averaged liquid velocity components agree qualitatively and quantitatively well with experimental data for a laboratory‐scale gas–liquid stirred reactor with dilute dispersion. Effects of the presence of bubbles, as well as the increase in the gas flow rate, on the hydrodynamics were numerically studied. The modeling technique offers an alternative engineering tool to gain detailed insights into complex industrial‐scale gas–liquid stirred reactors. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Convergent Evolution Driven by Similar Feeding Mechanics in Balaenopterid Whales and Pelicans
Authors: Field Daniel J. , Lin Sheng Chuan , Ben‐Zvi Micha , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Shadwick Robert E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe feeding apparatuses of rorqual whales and pelicans exhibit a number of similarities, including long, kinetic jaws that increase gape size, and extensible tissue comprising the floor of the mouth. These specializations enable the engulfment of large volumes of prey‐laden water in both taxa. However, the mechanics of engulfment feeding in rorquals and pelicans have never been quantitatively compared. Here, we use “BendCT,” a novel analytical program, to investigate the mechanical design of rorqual and pelican mandibles, to understand whether these bones show comparable designs for resisting similar hydrodynamical loads. We also compare the mechanical properties of the extensible tissue used during engulfment in rorquals and pelicans. We demonstrate that the evolutionary convergence in the feeding apparatus of rorquals and pelicans is more pronounced than has been recognized previously; both taxa exhibit mandibular flexural rigidity distributions suited for resisting dorsoventral bending stresses encountered while feeding, and possess similarly extensible tissue on the floor of their mouths. Anat Rec,, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparing 3D Virtual Methods for Hemimandibular Body Reconstruction
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Fiorenza Luca , Kozakowski Stephanie , Kullmer Ottmar 
Published: May 2011

AbstractReconstruction of fractured, distorted, or missing parts in human skeleton presents an equal challenge in the fields of paleoanthropology, bioarcheology, forensics, and medicine. This is particularly important within the disciplines such as orthodontics and surgery, when dealing with mandibular defects due to tumors, developmental abnormalities, or trauma. In such cases, proper restorations of both form (for esthetic purposes) and function (restoration of articulation, occlusion, and mastication) are required. Several digital approaches based on three‐dimensional (3D) digital modeling, computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided manufacturing techniques, and more recently geometric morphometric methods have been used to solve this problem. Nevertheless, comparisons among their outcomes are rarely provided. In this contribution, three methods for hemimandibular body reconstruction have been tested. Two bone defects were virtually simulated in a 3D digital model of a human hemimandible. Accordingly, 3D digital scaffolds were obtained using the mirror copy of the unaffected hemimandible (Method 1), the thin plate spline (TPS) interpolation (Method 2), and the combination between TPS and CAD techniques (Method 3). The mirror copy of the unaffected hemimandible does not provide a suitable solution for bone restoration. The combination between TPS interpolation and CAD techniques (Method 3) produces an almost perfect‐fitting 3D digital model that can be used for biocompatible custom‐made scaffolds generated by rapid prototyping technologies. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.