bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A founder deletion in ECM1 of 1163 bp causes lipoid proteinosis in the southeast region of Turkiye
Authors: Taşdelen Elifcan , Sezer Abdullah , An Isa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLipoid proteinosis (LP) is an inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of hyaline‐like material in the skin, oral cavity, and larynx. The primary symptoms include hoarseness, restricted tongue movements, and various skin lesions. LP is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the ECM1 gene. We studied 20 patients from nine different families with LP, 19 of whom are from Şanlıurfa in the southeastern region of Turkiye. Overall, the clinical features of the patient cohort were consistent with those mentioned in the literature, except for one exhibited an atrophoderma vermiculatum‐like lesion, which is atypical for LP. The clinical exome sequencing analysis revealed three different homozygous variants in the ECM1 gene (NM_004425). While c.1246C>T p.(Arg416*) on Exon 8 and c.806G>A p.(Cys269Tyr) on Exon 7 were detected in 1 patient each, an intragenic deletion of 1163 base‐pairs including Exons 9 and 10 (c.1304 + 33_*300del) was identified in 18 patients from 7 unrelated families. The haplotype analysis of the deletion variant indicated a founder effect in the families from the Şanlıurfa province of Turkiye. Based on all this information, copy number variation analysis is recommended for patients with LP. In addition to this rare observation, this study represents the largest examination of the molecular spectrum of LP patients in Turkiye, alongside the clinical spectrum.
Tailoring the Degradation of Cyanoarene‐Based Photocatalysts for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Halogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Min Hyunji , Kwon Yonghwan , Shin Sukhyun , Choi Miseon , Mehra Manish Kumar , Jeon Woojin , Kwon Min Sang , Lee Chung Whan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present the strategic design of donor‐acceptor cyanoarene‐based photocatalysts (PCs) aiming to augment beneficial PC degradation for halogen atom transfer (XAT)‐induced dehalogenation reactions. Our investigation reveals a competitive nature between the catalytic cycle and the degradation pathway, with the degradation becoming dominant, particularly for less activated alkyl halides. The degradation behavior of PCs significantly impacts the efficiency of the XAT process, leading to exploration into manipulating the degradation behavior in a desirable direction. Recognizing the variation in the nature and rate of PC degradation, as well as its influence on the reaction across the range of PC structures, we carefully engineered the PCs to develop a pre‐catalyst, named 3DP‐DCDP‐IPN. This pre‐catalyst undergoes rapid degradation into an active form, 3DP‐DCDP‐Me‐BN, exhibited an enhanced reducing ability in its radical anion form to induce better PC regeneration and consequently effectively catalyzes the XAT reaction, even with a challenging substrate.
Artificial Channels Based on Bottlebrush Polymers: Enhanced Ion Transport Through Polymer Topology Control
Authors: Lin Yangyang , Wu Bei , Zeng Yi , Yuan Haoxuan , Ji Changxing , Liu Ziqi , Sui Yan , Yin Tingting , Kong Xian , Zhu Yuting , Chen Jie , Lang Chao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSynthetic structures mimicking the transport function of natural ion channel proteins have a wide range of applications, including therapeutic treatments, separation membranes, sensing, and biotechnologies. However, the development of polymer‐based artificial channels has been hampered due to the limitation on available models. In this study, we demonstrate the great potential of bottlebrush polymers as accessible and versatile molecular scaffolds for developing efficient artificial ion channels. Adopting the bottlebrush configuration enhanced ion transport activity of the channels compared to their linear analogs. Matching the structure of lipid bilayers, the bottlebrush channel with a hydrophilic‐hydrophobic‐hydrophilic triblock architecture exhibited the highest activity among the series. Functionalized with urea groups, these channels displayed high anion selectivity. Additionally, we illustrated that the transport properties could be fine‐tuned by modifying the chemistry of ion binding sites. This work not only highlights the importance of polymer topology control in channel design, but also reveals the great potential for further developing bottlebrush channels with customized features and diverse functionalities.
Ir(triNHC)‐Catalyzed Upcycling of Waste PET for Lactic Acid Production with Sustainable Isolation via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
Authors: Lee Mi‐hyun , Kim Ji Hoon , Hwang Young Kyu , Jang Hye‐Young 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET), encompassing both colored and fabric PET materials, we investigated the Ir(triNHC)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of PET and methanol, leading to the production of sodium lactate with good yields. We proposed a sustainable method for isolating lactic acid from the catalytic reaction mixture of sodium lactate and regenerating the base using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). This isolation method demonstrated high effectiveness, achieving isolation of lactic acid while maintaining economic feasibility at $ 0.10 per kg of lactic acid, and enabling sustainable NaOH regeneration with complete resource circulation. We assessed the recyclability of the catalyst and elucidated the mechanism involving base‐mediated depolymerization and catalyst‐promoted dehydrogenation, highlighting the importance of triNHC ligands in enhancing catalytic activity.
Molecule Engineering of Sugar Derivatives as Electrolyte Additives for Deep‐Reversible Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Shi Min , Lei Chengjun , Wang Huijian , Jiang Pengjie , Xu Chen , Yang Wei , He Xin , Liang Xiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cycling performance of zinc‐ion batteries is greatly affected by dendrite formation and side reactions on zinc anode, particularly in scenarios involving high depth of discharge (DOD) and low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratios in full cells. Herein, drawing upon principles of host–guest interaction chemistry, we investigate the impact of molecular structure of electrolyte additives, specifically the −COOH and −OH groups, on the zinc negative electrode through molecular design. Our findings reveal that molecules containing these groups exhibit strong adsorption onto zinc anode surfaces and chelate with Zn2+, forming a H2O‐poor inner Helmholtz plane. This effectively suppresses side reactions and promotes dendrite‐free zinc deposition of exposed (002) facets, enhancing stability and reversibility of an average coulombic efficiency of 99.89 % with the introduction of Lactobionic acid (LA) additive. Under harsh conditions of 92 % DOD, Zn//Zn cells exhibit stable cycling at challenging current densities of 15 mA ⋅ cm−2. Even at a low N/P ratio of 1.3, Zn//NH4V4O10 full cells with LA electrolyte exhibit high‐capacity retention of 73 % after 300 cycles, significantly surpassing that of the blank electrolyte. Moreover, in a conversion type Zn//Br static battery with a high areal capacity (~5 mAh ⋅ cm−2), LA electrolyte sustains an improved cycling stability of 700 cycles.
Seed classification with random forest models
Authors: Reek Josephine Elena , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke , Perret Eléonore , Chin Alana R. O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPremiseTo improve forest conservation monitoring, we developed a protocol to automatically count and identify the seeds of plant species with minimal resource requirements, making the process more efficient and less dependent on human operators.Methods and ResultsSeeds from six North American conifer tree species were separated from leaf litter and imaged on a flatbed scanner. In the most successful species‐classification approach, an ImageJ macro automatically extracted measurements for random forest classification in the software R. The method allows for good classification accuracy, and the same process can be used to train the model on other species.ConclusionsThis protocol is an adaptable tool for efficient and consistent identification of seed species or potentially other objects. Automated seed classification is efficient and inexpensive, making it a practical solution that enhances the feasibility of large‐scale monitoring projects in conservation biology.
Hyper‐focus, sticky attention, and springy attention in young autistic children: Associations with sensory behaviors and cognitive ability
Authors: Dwyer Patrick , Sillas Andre , Prieto Melanie , Camp Emily , Nordahl Christine Wu , Rivera Susan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe autistic‐developed monotropism account suggests that atypical, domain‐general attentional hyper‐focus on interests is a central aspect of autism, but domain‐general attention differences in autism can manifest differently. Prior research suggests autistic children are often slow to disengage attention from stimuli—a pattern often called “sticky attention”—and that they can show reduced novelty preference. These attentional patterns could influence sensory experiences and learning. We used eye‐tracking to investigate novelty preference and “sticky attention” in young autistic children; we also examined whether attentional patterns were related to cognitive abilities and caregiver‐reported sensory responsiveness. A total of 46 autistic and 28 nonautistic participants, aged between 2 and 4 years, provided usable data. We found no evidence that autistic children exhibited greater “sticky attention” than nonautistics, but “sticky attention” in autism was associated with more caregiver‐reported sensory hyper‐responsiveness, seeking/interests, and enhanced perception. Autistic children also nonsignificantly trended toward exhibiting reduced novelty preference. Unexpectedly, the time‐course of this trending novelty preference difference implied it was not driven by reduced orienting to novelty, but increased returning to already‐familiarized stimuli: what we call “springy attention.” Exploratory analyses of data from the attentional disengagement task suggest autistic participants may have exhibited greater “springy attention,” though further research with paradigms optimized for measuring this construct should confirm this. Importantly, “springy attention” was robustly related to reduced cognitive abilities and greater caregiver‐reported hypo‐responsiveness. Thus, this study illuminates two distinct domain‐general attentional patterns, each with distinct correlates in young autistic children, which could have important implications for understanding autistic children's learning, development, and experiences.
Copper Deposited on Reduced Titania as Catalyst for the Production of CH4 from Sunlight and Air
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Kim Dongyun , Gong Eunhee , Lee Junho , Razzaq Abdul , Lei Juying , Kim Ki‐Jeong , Goddard William A. , In Su‐Il 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 and H2O adsorbed on the photocatalyst surface undergo sunlight‐assisted conversion to solar products that bridge the gaps between artificial and natural photosynthesis. Herein, we report a Lewis acid‐base interaction derived photocatalyst, Cu deposited on reduced titania, that harvests CO2 and H2O from the air and transforms them to CH4. Photocatalyst surface studies confirm that coordinately unsaturated Cu atoms and oxygen vacancies are formed that facilitate CO2 and H2O adsorption. The mechanistic studies, combined with tandem secondary ion mass spectroscopy and isotopic labelling, confirm the CH4 origin from atmosphere‐adsorbed CO2 and H2O. The contributing factors to photocatalyst instability are explored. We expect that this study will have an impact on the widespread application and economic viability of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Disulfide Bonds as Functional Tethers in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Moore Jennifer M. , Genna Douglas T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe functionality of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is often encoded by specific chemical moieties found within these architectures. As such, new techniques to install increasingly more complex functionalities in MOFs are regularly being reported in the literature. One such functional group is the disulfide bond. The redox behavior of this covalent linkage renders MOFs responsive to stimuli, often under reducing conditions. Here, we review examples in which disulfide‐containing MOFs are deployed in applications including drug delivery, therapeutic ferroptosis, exfoliation, energy storage, sensing, and others.
Spectroscopic Manifestations of (Anti)Aromaticity in Oxidized and Reduced Porphyrin and Norcorrole
Authors: Bortolussi Stephen D. S. , Zhou Carmen , Lynch Nicholas B. , Peeks Martin D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAromaticity and antiaromaticity are foundational principes in organic chemistry, regularly invoked to explain stability, structure, and magnetic and electronic properties. There are ongoing challenges in assigning molecules as aromatic or antiaromatic using optical spectroscopy. Here we report spectroelectrochemical and computational analyses of porphyrin (18π neutral, aromatic) and norcorrole (16π neutral, antiaromatic), and their oxidized (16π porphyrin dication) and reduced (norcorrole 18π dianion) forms. Our results show that while the visible spectra are characteristic of (anti)aromaticity consistent with Hückel's rules, the IR spectra are much less informative, owing to the relative rigidity of norcorrole. The results have implications for the assignment of (anti)aromaticity in both ground‐state and time‐resolved spectra.
Pyrene Derivatives Containing Triphenylacrylonitrile as Aggregation Induced Emissive Mechanochromic Materials
Authors: Thomas K. R. Justin , Maurya Abhishek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOrganic materials possessing multiple functional properties such as aggregation induced emission, mechanochromism and acidochromism are rare. In this paper we demonstrate the design of polyfunctional materials using the aggregation quenching chromophore, pyrene. The pyrene derivatives possessing 2,3,3‐triphenylacrylonitrile as aggregation induced emission chromophore and phenanthroimidazole or N‐phenylcarbazole as auxiliary electron‐rich chromophore are designed, synthesized by Suzuki coupling reactions and characterized as aggregation induced emissive mechanochromic materials. Though all the dyes exhibit aggregation induced emission, the dyes containing para‐linked 2,3,3‐triphenylacrylonitrile and auxiliary chromophore such as phenanthroimidazole or N‐phenylcarbazole display mechanochromism. Additionally, the phenanthroimidazole containing dyes show acidochromism attributable to the protonation of phenanthroimidazole moiety.
Testing associations between assessments of cognitive flexibility and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent bulimia nervosa
Authors: Singh Simar , Gorrell Sasha , Matheson Brittany E. , Reilly Erin E. , Lock James D. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveCognitive rigidity, or difficulty adapting to changing demands, is commonly observed in anorexia nervosa. Less is known, however, about cognitive flexibility (CF) in bulimia nervosa (BN) and, particularly, adolescence. Clarifying this relation and best assessment practices may guide informed clinical decision‐making. The current study compared how two measures of CF (i.e., Wisconsin Card Sort Task [WCST] and Trail Making Task [TMT]) relate to BN symptoms among adolescents.MethodsData from a subsample (n = 78) of adolescents with BN were analyzed. Linear and hurdle regressions were used to compare the effects of WCST perseverative errors and TMT performance on Eating Disorder Examination Global Scores, objective binge episodes, and self‐induced vomiting episodes (SVEs) at baseline and end‐of‐treatment (EOT).ResultsNeither CF measure associated with baseline BN symptoms. TMT performance positively associated with the likelihood of engaging in SVEs at EOT (𝛽 = 0.47, p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.11–0.84]) and, among adolescents who endorsed ≥1 SVE at EOT, WCST perseverative errors (𝛽 = 0.05, p = 0.005, 95% CI = [0.01–0.08]) positively associated with SVE frequency at EOT.DiscussionThe overall lack of associations between CF and outcomes suggests that cognitive rigidity may not be as relevant to the clinical profile of adolescent BN as for anorexia nervosa. In the few significant associations that emerged, the WCST and TMT uniquely predicted the severity of vomiting at EOT in this sample. Given the lack of CF deficits, future work should aim to test the role of other executive functions (e.g., impulsivity), in addition to CF, to determine which deficits are present in adolescent BN and may predict outcomes.Public SignificancePatients with eating disorders often have difficulties thinking flexibly, which may interfere with their recovery. We tested two ways of measuring flexible thinking in adolescents with BN. Overall, flexible thinking was not associated with symptom‐level outcomes. However, less flexible thinking at the start of treatment predicted self‐induced vomiting at EOT. If findings are replicable, then assessing and addressing flexible thinking could improve outcomes for adolescents with BN.
Differences in inhibitory control in two species of Tanganyikan bower‐building cichlids contrasting in building flexibility
Authors: Tomasek Maëlan , Soller Katinka , Dufour Valérie , Jordan Alex 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA central challenge in understanding the evolution of cognition is the ability to compare a set of species differing in a trait of interest while being ecologically and phylogenetically close. Here, we examine whether differences in bower‐building flexibility are related to differences in cognitive flexibility between two Tanganyikan cichlids. Cognitive flexibility enables animals to modify their decision rules when faced with new situations, and inhibitory control, the ability to inhibit a normally favoured response, is an essential component of this capacity. We tested male Aulonocranus dewindti and Cyathopharynx furcifer in a choice‐against‐preference paradigm. Both species clean their bowers of foreign objects and we found that both preferred to remove a snail shell over a stone. We tested their ability to modify this preference and learned to preferably select the stone instead of the shell. Although neither species showed clear learning of the new preference rule, both demonstrated inhibitory control through increased decision times and manipulations of the objects when selecting the stone. Specifically, A. dewindti, the species exhibiting greater behavioural flexibility in the construction of their bowers, selected the stone in fewer trials than C. furcifer, providing support for a link between behavioural flexibility in bower construction and cognitive flexibility.
Patterns and processes underlying understory songbird communities in southern China
Authors: Liu Fangyuan , Yu Xiaoping , Che Xianli , Zhang Qiang , Grossi Alexandra Ashley , Zhang Min , Wang Zhengzhen , Zou Fasheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstory bird communities, especially those comprising insectivores, are highly sensitive to forest loss and fragmentation. Currently, there is little knowledge regarding the large‐scale diversity patterns of understory bird communities, particularly in Eastern Asia. Consequently, we aimed to identify the distribution patterns of understory birds in southern China and the factors underlying these patterns. We analysed the diversity distribution patterns of taxonomic and functional α and β diversity for understory Passeriformes birds in southern China utilising cluster and ordination analyses. Subsequently, we analysed the effects of geographic distance, annual mean temperature, annual temperature range, annual mean precipitation, and annual precipitation range on diversity distribution patterns. In total, 9282 individuals belonging to 11 orders, 48 families, and 297 species were captured over 98,544 net hours, with Alcippeidae being the most abundant family in southern China. The understory bird communities of the 25 sites were categorised into six sub‐regions of the Oriental Realm (Indo‐Malayan Realm). The pattern in the distribution of taxonomic and functional β‐diversity of understory birds in southern China was consistent with zoogeographical regionalisation. Three distinct geographical groups were identified: Group 1 was located in the Min‐Guang Coast and Hainan sub‐regions; Group 2 was located in the East Hilly Plain, Southwest Mountains, and Western Mountains and Plateaus sub‐regions; and Group 3 was located in the Southern Yunnan Mountain subregion. The most critical factors related to the distribution patterns of β‐diversity were geographical distance, annual mean temperature, and annual temperature range. Our results showed that the understory bird communities of the Southwest Mountain, East Hilly Plain, and Western Mountains, and Plateaus sub‐regions were similar, as were those of the Min‐Guang Coast and Hainan sub‐regions. Our results underscore the joint roles of distance, temperature, and historical evolution in understory bird communities.
Contrasting population genetic structure of three semi‐terrestrial brachyuran crabs on the coast of the Japanese archipelago
Authors: Yuhara Takeshi , Ohtsuki Hajime , Hirota Shun K. , Suyama Yoshihisa , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have reduced ecotones between the ocean and land, which is likely to threaten the population of brackish‐water brachyuran crabs. To assess the current status of these crabs, we examine the population genetic structures of three semi‐terrestrial brachyuran crabs widely distributed along the coast of the Japan and to clarify factors determining their genetic structures. We collected 184 Orisarma dehaani, 252 Chiromantes haematocheir, and 151 Helice tridens crabs from 36 localities of the Japanese archipelago. Genome‐wide SNP data from these crabs were analyzed using MIG‐seq. Bayesian clustering of STRUCTURE and DAPC analysis were used to identify genetically disturbed populations and to visualize genetic differentiation between local populations. Genetic population structure showed clear differentiation between populations on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region and on other Japanese coasts in O. dehaani, but not in C. haematocheir or H. tridens. The inbreeding coefficient of O. dehaani was significantly higher on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region compared to other Japanese coasts. C. haematocheir and H. tridens had homogeneous genetic structures along the Japanese coast, but showed genetic differentiation of a local population at their range limits. Thus, O. dehaani showed little gene flow and clear genetic differentiation between populations in the Tohoku Pacific region and those on other Japanese coasts due to ocean currents. Although such a regional differentiation was not found in C. haematocheir and H. tridens, one population of C. haematocheir was genetically isolated at the edge of its distribution range and likely vulnerable to environmental changes.