bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of CO2 Diffusivity in Heavy Oil Using X-Ray Computer-Assisted Tomography Under Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Song L.. , Kantzas A.. , Bryan J.. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Since the 1950’s, the use of carbon dioxide to increase heavy oil recovery has attract more attention from industry and laboratory research. The injection of carbon dixode has shown technical and economical advantages for enhancing heavy oil and bitumen recovery, because it can effectively reduce viscosity under the reservoir conditions. When carbon dioxide is injected into the reservoir, it partially dissolves into the heavy oil and mass transfer is the first mechanism to occur. Consequently, the accurate prediction and evaluation of the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in heavy oil is one of the key parameters to develop technology for extraction of heavy oil in a feasible and cost-effective way. However, few experimental data for diffusivity of carbon dioxide in heavy oil are available in the literature. Therefore, this study conducted in order to add to the existing the laboratory data for evaluation and calculation of diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide into heavy oil. In the past, experimental methods used to determine the diffusion coefficient of a gas in heavy oil were conducted under a constant gas pressure, which assumed that oil phase can be contacted with infinite gas at a fixed pressure. In this study, by employing X-ray Computed Assisted Tomography (CAT) and a non-iterative finite volume method, the purpose is to evaluate and compare experimental diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in heavy oil under the constant pressure and decaying pressue at the same time. Moreover, investigation of impacts of pressure on diffusion coefficients is conducted.
It is found that the diffusvity of carbon dioxide in heavy oil is sensitive to the system pressure. The comparison between carbon dioxide diffusion coefficients under the constant pressure and those measured under the decaying pressrue showed an obvious difference. The results of study are essential for understanding oil recovery through carbon dioxide injection.
Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in First Episode Psychosis and in Subjects at Ultra High Risk for Developing Psychosis; Onset and Relationship to Psychotic Symptoms
Authors: Sterk Bouke , Lankreijer Kay , Linszen Don H , de Haan Lieuwe 
Published: November 2010

Objective: To determine the prevalence of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and obsessive–compulsive disorder in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders or subjects at ultra high risk for development of psychosis. Secondly, to determine the time of occurrence of obsessive–compulsive symptoms related to the onset of first psychosis. Method: We collected data on all patients who were referred consecutively to our specialized clinic for first episode psychosis patients and ultra high risk subjects in Amsterdam between 1 July 2006 and 1 July 2008. Diagnosis of psychotic disorders was established using the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History schedule. Obsessions and compulsions were defined in accordance with DSM-III-R criteria and assessed by clinicians. We analyzed the onset of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and its relation to the onset of first episode psychosis. Results: When a strict definition of obsessive–compulsive symptoms is used, 9.3% (n = 18) of patients with schizophrenia or a related disorder exhibited obsessive–compulsive symptoms and 1.5% also met criteria for obsessive–compulsive disorder. The onset of obsessive–compulsive symptoms occurred before, concurrent with and after onset of first episode psychosis in the following proportion of patients: 7/18, 3/18, 8/18. We found a prevalence of 20.7% of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in ultra high risk subjects. Conclusion: Using a strict definition of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, we found relatively low prevalence rates of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and obsessive–compulsive disorder in patients with schizophrenia or related disorders; the rates are even lower than known rates of obsessive–compulsive symptoms and obsessive–compulsive disorder in the general population. Obsessive–compulsive symptoms rates in ultra high risk subjects are comparable to those in the general population. Further investigation of the predictive validity of obsessive–compulsive symptoms in ultra high risk subjects for developing psychosis is needed. Obsessive–compulsive symptoms either develop prior, during or after the onset of first episode psychosis.
Study of novel potassium permanganate staining in comparison with conventional ZN staining for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Banu A , Anand T 
Published: November 2010

An estimated 1.8 billion individuals are infected worldwide with the Tuberculosis and there is one death due to it every 15 minutes. It is essential that a fast, effective and inexpensive diagnostic test for TB is developed as early diagnosis stands central to the control of the disease. Traditional diagnosis of tuberculosis is still dependent on sputum microscopy by ZN stain that requires expertise and lacks sensitivity. In this study, we tried to evaluate the use of potassium permanganate staining which is easy, inexpensive and does not require much expertise for screening. Potassium permanganate oxidises Mycolic acid present in cell wall of Mycobacterium sp. which evolves an identifiable oxidation pattern. This study was undertaken to investigate this property of potassium permanganate as a typical laboratory test bridging the gap between sensitivity and time restraint required for an early diagnosis of tuberculosis. The sputum samples (early morning – spot) were collected from patients. From each sample two slides were prepared; one was stained with ZN stain and other with modified potassium permanganate staining. Sputum samples were simultaneously cultured on LJ media after decontamination and concentration. The pattern evolved on staining with potassium permanganate was observed under light microscope and assessed as a diagnostic tool. We found that the pattern formed on oxidation was in association with the AFB status of the sputum (p= 0.0001). Keywords: Acid-Fast bacilli; Mycolic acid; Potassium permanganate oxidation. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3959SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(1) 22-25
Climatic and glaciological information inferred from air-content measurements of a Law Dome (East Antarctica) ice core
Authors: Delmotte Marc , Raynaud Dominique , Morgan Vin , Jouzel Jean 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe total air content (V) of ice has been measured along the Dome Summit South (DSS) core from Law Dome, East Antarctica. The main features of this record are the very well-preserved sub-annual fluctuations of V (down to at least 900 m depth) and the significant increase of the V values during the last deglaciation. The sub-annual variations reflect changes in close-off porosity, and we interpret the V seasonal peaks as tracers of depth-hoar layers. For the longer time-scale, the large V fluctuations observed are interpreted in terms of elevation and/or close-off porosity changes under different assumptions. We analyze the possible influence of a different global pressure field and/or a change in seasonal temperature and precipitation cycles during the last glacial period. Our estimates of surface elevation changes derived from the V data are then compared with independent reconstructions of past elevations.
Avalanche risk mapping by simulation
Authors: Keylock Christopher J. , McClung David M. , Magnússon Magnús Már 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present a simulation approach to mapping avalanche risk with
application to settlements in Iceland. Two simulation models are developed to
calculate the probability of avalanches travelling a certain distance, and of
the flow being a specific width. These two simulation models, in combination
with knowledge of the average frequency of avalanche occurrence, the variability
in avalanche direction and the degree of loss caused by an avalanche, permit
risk values to be determined for the areas of concern.
Skier triggering, snow temperatures and the stability index for
dry-slab avalanche initiation
Authors: McClung D. M. , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFor more than 30 years the quantitative method of evaluating stability (e.g.
Roch, 1966; Föhn, 1987; Jamieson, 1995; Jamieson and Johnston, 1998a) has
been focused on calculation of a strength-to-load ratio (or stability index):
when the shear stress applied to the weak layer reaches the shear strength,
failure is imminent. However, field observations combined with experience and
measurements indicate that snow-slab temperatures and slab hardness can have a
strong influence on dry-snow slab stability. In this paper, we present a simple
static analysis of the stability index, and discuss the importance of slab
temperatures and hardness and macroscopic size effects (factors not contained in
the stability index) on snow-slab stability. Our conclusion is that the
traditional method lacks some elements which are very important in snow-slab
stability, particularly when skier triggering is involved.
Below-surface ice melt on the coastal Antarctic ice
sheet
Authors: Liston Glen E. , Winther Jan-Gunnar , Bruland Oddbjørn , Elvehøy Hallgeir , Sand Knut 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the Jutulgryta area of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, subsurface melting of
the ice sheet has been observed. The melting takes place during the summer
months in blue-ice areas under conditions of below-freezing air and surface
temperatures. Adjacent snow-covered regions, having the same meteorological and
climatic conditions, experience little or no subsurface melting. To help explain
and understand the observed melt-rate differences in the blue-ice and
snow-covered areas, a physically based numerical model of the coupled
atmosphere, radiation, snow and blue-ice system has been developed. The model
comprises a heat-transfer equation which includes a spectrally dependent
solar-radiation source term. The penetration of radiation into the snow and blue
ice depends on the solar-radiation spectrum, the surface albedo and the snow and
blue-ice grain-sizes and densities. In addition, the model uses a complete
surface energy balance to define the surface boundary conditions. It is run over
the full annual cycle, simulating temperature profiles and melting and freezing
quantities throughout the summer and winter seasons. The model is driven and
validated using field observations collected during the Norwegian Antarctic
Research Expedition (NARE) 1996–97. The simulations suggest that the
observed differences between subsurface snow and blue-ice melting can be
explained largely by radiative and heat-transfer interactions resulting from
differences in albedo, grain-size and density between the two mediums.
Statistical characteristics for the strain-dependent density and the spatial position for deformation-induced cracks in columnar-grain ice
Authors: Gold Lorne W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObservations on the spatial distribution and on the strain dependence of the crack density are given for cracks formed during compressive, unidirectional, constant-strain-rate deformation of columnar-grain ice. Specimens, in the grain-size range of about 2 9 mm, were strained at the nominal rates of 10−3, 10−4 and 10−5 s−1 at 10°C. The axis of hexagonal crystallographic symmetry of each specimen grain tended to be in the plane perpendicular to the long direction of the grains and to have a random orientation in that plane. For stress applied perpendicular to the long direction of the grains, the deformation was practically two-dimensional. It was found that the log-normal distribution function provided a good approximation to the strain dependence of the crack density. Statistical characteristics of the distribution had a maximum in the same range of strain rate as found for the strength of columnar-grain ice. Analysis of the spatial distribution of the cracks indicated some deviation from randomness for specimens of grain-size less than 5 mm and total strain less than 50 × 10−4. The observations provide further evidence that crack formation under the experimental conditions is a random process.
Laboratory study of the migration of methane sulphonate in firn
Authors: Pasteur Elizabeth C. , Mulvaney Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo 10 cm lengths of firn core from the Dyer Plateau (70°31 ′S, 65°01 ′W), Antarctic Peninsula, were used to carry out a laboratory experiment to investigate the migration of methane sulphonate, the anion of methane sulphonic acid (MSA), in natural firn. Each length was cut vertically into four pieces, and a dopant solution containing Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, F− and MSA− pipetted onto the top of three sections, the fourth being kept as a blank. The doped sections were stored vertically, with the doped end uppermost, for 8 months at a range of temperatures (nominally –5°, –10° and –22°C) before subsampling at 1 cm resolution and analysis by ion chromatography. The two firn lengths were treated identically and the results were consistent. Profiles of the doped firn sections showed that C1−, NO3 and SO42− remained in the uppermost subsample, although the NO3− concentrations were variable compared to the blank. The F− profile shows slightly elevated concentrations in the second sample down compared to the blank, at temperatures of -10°C and above. The MSA− showed higher concentrations in the second, third and fourth samples down at -10°C and above, which indicates that some percolated downwards from its original position at the top of the core. This experiment shows that MSA is mobile in warm firn even over a short period of time. We propose that the mechanism for the mobility of MSA− in natural firn is via liquid MSA drainage, though we cannot yet discount vapour phase transport.
Subglacial water-sheet floods, drumlins and ice-sheet
lobes
Authors: Shoemaker E.M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effect of subglacial lakes upon ice-sheet topography and the velocity
patterns of subglacial water-sheet floods is investigated. A subglacial lake in
the combined Michigan–Green Bay basin, Great Lakes, North America, leads
to: (1) an ice-sheet lobe in the lee of Lake Michigan; (2) a change in
orientations of flood velocities across the site of a supraglacial trough
aligned closely with Green Bay, in agreement with drumlin orientations; (3) low
water velocities in the lee of Lake Michigan where drumlins are absent; and (4)
drumlinization occurring in regions of predicted high water velocities. The
extraordinary divergence of drumlin orientations near Lake Ontario is explained
by the presence of subglacial lakes in the Ontario and Erie basins, along with
ice-sheet displacements of up to 30 km in eastern Lake Ontario. The megagrooves
on the islands in western Lake Erie are likely to be the product of the late
stage of a water-sheet flood when outflow from eastern Lake Ontario was dammed
by displaced ice and instead flowed westward along the Erie basin. The Finger
Lakes of northern New York state, northeastern U.S.A., occur in a region of
likely ice-sheet grounding where water sheets became channelized. Green Bay and
Grand Traverse Bay are probably the products of erosion along paths of strongly
convergent water-sheet flow.
Ice flow of Humboldt, Petermann and Ryder Gletscher, northern Greenland
Authors: Joughin Ian , Fahnestock Mark , Kwok Ron , Gogineni Prasad , Allen Chris 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRadar interferometry, ice-penetrating radar profiles and an elevation model are used to determine the velocity fields, rates of ice discharge, approximate states of balance and catchment area for three large outlet glaciers in northeast Greenland. Discharge through flux gates is calculated for Humboldt and Petermann Gletscher, which are found to be in balance (at the level that the accumulation is known). A large difference between the measured and estimated fluxes for Ryder Gletscher may be a reflection of unsteady flow behavior for this glacier. The patterns of ice flow for the three glaciers considered are each unique, showing that the nature of ice discharge varies substantially from basin to basin, controlled by bed conditions and the presence of subglacial troughs and obstructions.
The Nested Structure of Cancer Symptoms
Authors: Bellala G. , Ganesan A. , Krishna R. , Saxman P. , Scott C. , Silveira M. , Given C. , Bhavnani S. K. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Objective: Although many cancer patients experience multiple concurrent symptoms, most studies have either focused on the analysis of single symptoms, or have used methods such as factor analysis that make a priori assumptions about how the data is structured. This article addresses both limitations by first visually exploring the data to identify patterns in the co-occurrence of multiple symptoms, and then using those insights to select and develop quantitative measures to analyze and validate the results.
Methods: We used networks to visualize how 665 cancer patients reported 18 symptoms, and then quantitatively analyzed the observed patterns using degree of symptom overlap between patients, degree of symptom clustering using network modularity, clustering of symptoms based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and degree of nestedness of the symptoms based on the most frequently co-occurring symptoms for different sizes of symptom sets. These results were validated by assessing the statistical significance of the quantitative measures through comparison with random networks of the same size and distribution.
Results: The cancer symptoms tended to co-occur in a nested structure, where there was a small set of symptoms that co-occurred in many patients, and progressively larger sets of symptoms that co-occurred among a few patients.
Conclusions: These results suggest that cancer symptoms co-occur in a nested pattern as opposed to distinct clusters, thereby demonstrating the value of exploratory network analyses to reveal complex relationships between patients and symptoms. The research also extends methods for exploring symptom co-occurrence, including methods for quantifying the degree of symptom overlap and for examining nested co-occurrence in co-occur-rence data. Finally, the analysis also suggested implications for the design of systems that assist in symptom assessment and management. The main limitation of the study was that only one dataset was considered, and future studies should attempt to replicate the results in new data.
Prendre le pli des techniques
Authors: Latour Bruno 
Published: November 2010

Résumé À partir de la notion de mode d’existence développée par Gilbert Simondon et surtout par Etienne Souriau, il est possible d’aborder la question de la technique sans se laisser arrêter par la présence excessive de l’un de ses résultats : les objets techniques. On peut alors essayer de définir le mode propre de la technique comme un mouvement, un projet, un plissage, une forme très particulière de transcendance, qui n’a pas reçu en philosophie le traitement que mérite son importance et son ubiquité. La notion d’instauration proposée par Souriau permet de reprendre à nouveau la question de la construction mais délivrée des ambiguïtés du constructivisme.
Les apparitions médiatisées et leurs effets performatifs
Authors: Licoppe Christian 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Cet article vise à pouvoir rendre compte des effets que suscitent les apparitions de personnes distantes et du rôle des dispositifs par la médiation desquels ces apparitions s’accomplissent (sonnettes, sonneries téléphoniques, fenêtres ‘pop-up’, notifications, etc.). En revisitant les théories de la performativité, il montre comment élaborer une définition élargie de la performativité permet de comprendre les effets performatifs de telles occurrences, qui impliquent des médiations artefactuelles. Cette approche « techno-pragmatique » est appliquée au cas des sonneries téléphoniques. L’article met en évidence au niveau des sonneries téléphoniques une « crise de la sommation », de portée plus générale, et qui découle de la tension entre l’exigence d’accessibilité et de connectivité, et le souci des individus de se préserver.
Des images en action
Authors: Arquembourg Jocelyne 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Comment concevoir l’action des images ? Cette réflexion se propose de mettre à distance le concept d’effet auquel il est fréquent d’avoir recours pour mesurer l’impact des images. Il s’agit bien plutôt ici, de penser l’opérativité des signes et de spécifier la définition du concept d’effet en référence à la théorie austinienne des actes de parole. La difficulté consiste à penser l’action des images sur le modèle d’actes de langage au sens large. Cette réflexion théorique qui fait référence à l’approche pragmatiste du langage, s’appuie sur l’analyse d’un exemple emprunté aux images de reportages télévisés. Elle interroge un acte de langage particulier : la révélation par l’image, à partir de l’annonce de la capture de prisonniers de guerre sur les chaînes télévisées, irakienne, transarabes, américaines et françaises et la manière dont le sens en a été performé par différents publics.
De las fuentes y los modelos del Siervo libre de amor: algunas conexiones con la literatura medieval francesa de índole penitencial y confesional
Authors: Conde Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2010

Ce travail tente d’éclairer le problème non encore résolu des sources et des modèles du Siervo libre de amor de Juan Rodríguez del Padrón. On y suggère la thèse de prendre en considération les connexions de certains éléments très précis qui articulent sur le plan structurel et imaginaire le Siervo avec la tradition des traités pénitentiels et les textes appelés Voies de paradis, si féconds dans les lettres françaises du xiiie au xve s., exemple d’une correspondance avec un monde littéraire et culturel qui n’a pas dû être totalement étranger à celui de del Padrón.
Le concept d’hétérogénéité appliqué au Libro Rimado del Palacio de Pero López de Ayala
Authors: Garcia Michel 
Published: November 2010

L’hétérogénéité interne des œuvres est une des constantes de la production littéraire majeure dans la Castille du xive siècle. Je me propose d’approfondir ce concept à partir d’une analyse structurelle du Libro Rimado del Palacio de Pero López de Ayala. Au moyen d’un inventaire raisonné des différentes composantes de l’ouvrage, je tenterai de préciser le projet du poète.
Remember the giver(s): the creation of the Querelle and notions of sender and recipient in University of California, Berkeley, MS 109
Authors: Bamford Heather 
Published: November 2010

The Querelle, or the debate that ensued over interpretations of the Roman de la Rose between Christine de Pizan, Jean Gerson, Jean de Montreuil, and Gontier Col, marks an important event in the history of literary criticism. This paper is a reading and description of one of the most provocative, yet perhaps lesser known testimonies of Christine de Pizan’s version of the debate, Les epistres du debat sus le romant de la rose, as presented in University of California, Berkeley Bancroft Library MS 109 (UCB 109). The study of this manuscript and the texts contained therein discusses several of the many questions raised in the production and circulation of a book of carefully arranged letters: the creation of unique notions of author, scribe, and truth, as well as the complication of categories of sender and recipient.