bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Risk in Employee Creativity
Authors: DEWETT TODD 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper argues that creative behavior requires an employee to be willing to engage risk. Aside from the discussion of risk propensity as an individual difference, a new situational variable will be developed and tested: willingness to take risks (WTR). WTR captures the employee's willingness to engage risks in their work and is positioned as an important influence on creative behavior. The results of a field study indicate that WTR is a significant predictor of employee creativity and, in addition, mediates the relationship between encouragement and creativity. The results are discussed in light of the current literature on employee creativity.
Behavior Analytic Contributions to the Study of Creativity
Authors: KUBINA RICHARD M. , MORRISON REBECCA S. , LEE DAVID L. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs researchers continue to study creativity, a behavior analytic perspective may provide new vistas by offering an additional perspective. Contemporary behavior analysis began with B. F. Skinner and offers a selectionist approach to the scientific investigation of creativity. Behavior analysis contributes to the study of creativity by investigating the controlling variables for novel behavior that people often times designate as creative. Specific environment‐behavior relations producing novelty include imitation, instructions, variability, interconnection of repertoires and contingency adduction.
An investigation into the psychosocial functioning of creative children: The impact of ADHD symptomatology
Authors: HEALEY DIONE , RUCKLIDGE JULIA J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study examined the relationship among creativity, ADHD symptomatology, temperament, and psychosocial functioning by comparing four groups of children aged 10–12 years: (1) 29 ADHD children without creativity, (2) 16 highly creative children displaying ADHD symptomatology, (3) 18 highly creative children without ADHD symptomatology, and (4) 30 normal controls. Children completed the TTCT, Child Depression Inventory, Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale. Parents completed the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, Family Environment Scale, and the parent version of the Kastan Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire. Parents completed the Conner's Rating Scales and Child Behavior Checklist, and teachers completed the Child Behaviour Checklist. Results showed that the presence of ADHD symptomatology in creative children was related to their temperamental characteristics, and parent reports of children's levels of anxiety and depression. However, family environment and mother's attributions did not appear to be related to the presence of ADHD symptomatology in creative children. These findings have implications for the development and management of creative children.
Choreography Styles in Figure Skating
Authors: MOORMANN PETER PAUL 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFifty‐eight figure skating trainers from fifteen different countries acted as volunteers in this study on choreography styles. The styles were based on reports of artistic‐creative strategies in composing music, drawing, writing poems or novels, and in making dances. The prevalence of the Mozartian (at the onset the choreographer already has a more or less complete plan in mind), Beethovenian (the choreographer does not start with a complete plan, but instead focuses on a succession of single and detailed elements) and Avant‐garde Style (instead of starting from the music, as the impulse for creating movements, trainers choreograph straight from movement ideas) is 77.2%, 56.4%, and 16.1% respectively. The results from a CATPCA reveal that the features, associated with the three choreography styles have loadings on two dimensions, one representing features predominantly belonging to primary process thinking (Mozartian), the other representing features predominantly related to secondary process thinking (Beethovenian and Avant‐Garde). In the discussion attention is paid to 1) why the Mozartian and Beethovenian are more popular than the AvantGarde Style, to 2) the universal quality of artistic‐creative styles in a wide range of artistic endeavors, and to 3) the differences between elite, runner‐up, and novice trainers on experience, on using the assistance of a professional choreographer, and on using the Avant‐Garde Style.
Idea evaluation: Error in evaluating highly original ideas
Authors: LICUANAN BRIAN F. , DAILEY LESLEY R. , MUMFORD MICHAEL D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIdea evaluation is a critical aspect of creative thought. However, a number of errors might occur in the evaluation of new ideas. One error commonly observed is the tendency to underestimate the originality of truly novel ideas. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess whether analysis of the process leading to the idea generation and analysis of product originality would act to offset underestimation error in the evaluation of highly original new ideas. Accordingly, 181 undergraduates were asked to evaluate the originality of marketing campaigns being developed by six different teams where the level of idea originality was varied. Manipulations were induced to encourage active analysis of interactional processes and the originality of team products. It was found that active analysis of product originality and appraisal of interactional processes reduced errors in evaluating the originality of highly novel ideas. The implications of these findings for the evaluation of new ideas are discussed.
Which Chinese Creators are Famous and why: Views from Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese Students
Authors: CHEUNG CHAU‐KIU , YUE XIAO DONG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe list of recognized creators is constantly changing with the passage of time. An up‐to‐date list of recognized Chinese creators emerges from a survey of a large sample of Chinese students in various places in China. To understand the sustain‐ability of the creators' fame, this study examines how the creators' personal characteristics affect their fame, creativity, social contribution, and esteem, based on the students' viewpoints. Results show that scientists, compared with other professionals, consistently maintained higher fame, creativity, and social contribution. This finding is consistent with the emphasis on science, rationality, and objectivity in modern education as well as the meritorious evaluation bias in perceiving the utility of creativity in Chinese society. The creator's creativity showed an inverted‐U shaped relationship to fame. Hence, a moderate level of creativity was associated with the highest fame in the creator. There were some differences between Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese students' perceptions of the sustainability of fame, which is largely attributable to the influence of commercialism in Hong Kong.
Gender Differences in Creativity
Authors: BAER JOHN , KAUFMAN JAMES C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractResearch on gender differences in creativity, including creativity test scores, creative achievements, and self‐reported creativity is reviewed, as are theories that have been offered to explain such differences and available evidence that supports or refutes such theories. This is a difficult arena in which to conduct research, but there is a consistent lack of gender differences both in creativity test scores and in the creative accomplishments of boys and girls (which if anything tend to favor girls). As a result, it is difficult to show how innate gender differences in creativity could possibly explain later differences in creative accomplishment. At the same time, the large difference in the creative achievement of men and women in many fields make blanket environmental explanations inadequate, and the explanations that have been proposed thus far are at best incomplete. A new theoretical framework (the APT model of creativity) is proposed to allow better understanding of what is known about gender differences in creativity.
Is Originality in the Eye of the Beholder? Comparison of Scoring Techniques in the Assessment of Divergent Thinking
Authors: PLUCKER JONATHAN A. , QIAN MEIHUA , WANG SHUJUAN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTDivergent thinking (DT) tests are among the most popular techniques for measuring creativity. However, the validity evidence for DT tests, as applied in educational settings, is inconsistent partly due to different scoring methods. This study explored the reliability and validity issues of various techniques for administering and scoring two DT tests. Results show distinct differences among several methods for scoring these DT tests and suggest that the percentage scoring method (i.e., dividing originality scores by fluency scores) may be the most appropriate scoring strategy. The potential impact on educational research and practice is discussed in detail.
The Influence of Different Pictorial Representations During Idea Generation
Authors: CARDOSO CARLOS , BADKE‐SCHAUB PETRA 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTDuring creative problem‐solving, designers frequently come across a variety of rich visual displays. While browsing for different sources of information, pictorial representations of existing concepts take prominence. However, once designers start generating new solution ideas to design problems, they often become too attached to some of the examples they encounter. Inadequate and excessive repetition of key attributes (e.g. object features, principles) from existing solutions has been termed design fixation. The study presented here investigates the influence that different pictorial representations of a particular solution had upon industrial design students during an ideation exercise. The findings demonstrate high levels of repetition of particular key attributes in the outcome generated by the treatment groups, when compared to a control condition. The results also show that such attribute repetition led to the occurrence of design fixation, with a visible detrimental impact for particular aspects of the ideas generated. Reasons for the occurrence of design fixation are discussed in light of its implications to design quality; and ultimately, to the use of different types of pictorial stimuli in design practice.
Creative Climate: A Leadership Lever for Innovation
Authors: ISAKSEN SCOTT G. , AKKERMANS HANS J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe working atmosphere within an organization has an important influence on its level of innovative productivity. Organizational leaders influence innovative productivity as well as the climate for creativity and innovation. This exploratory study included 140 respondents from 103 different organizations, 31 industries, and 10 countries, all of whom completed an online survey focused on examining the intervening nature of the climate for creativity and innovation. First, those who perceived more leadership support for innovation had significantly better creative climate scores. Second, those who perceived higher levels of innovative productivity also had better climate scores. Finally, organizational climate as an intervening variable between leadership behavior and innovation was confirmed through partial correlation and mediation analysis. The findings of this study support the pivotal role that creative climate plays between leadership behavior and innovative productivity.
The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine inhibits kinase activity, cell proliferation, multicellular development, and Cdk5 nuclear translocation in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Huber Robert J. , O'Day Danton H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRoscovitine, a cyclin‐dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, inhibited kinase activity and the axenic growth of Dictyostelium discoideum at micromolar concentrations. Growth was almost fully rescued in 50 µM and ∼50% rescued in 100 µM roscovitine‐treated cultures by the over‐expression of Cdk5‐GFP. This supports the importance of Cdk5 function during cell proliferation in Dictyostelium and indicates that Cdk5 is a primary target of the drug. Roscovitine did not affect the expression of Cdk5 protein during axenic growth but did inhibit its nuclear translocation. This novel result suggests that the effects of roscovitine could be due in part to altering Cdk5 translocation in other systems as well. Kinase activity was inhibited by roscovitine in assays using AX3 whole cell lysates, but not in assays using lysates from Cdk5‐GFP over‐expressing cells. At higher concentrations, roscovitine impaired slug and fruiting body formation. Fruiting bodies that did form were small and produced relatively fewer spores many of which were round. However, roscovitine did not affect stalk cell differentiation. Together with previous findings, these data reveal that roscovitine inhibits Cdk5 during growth and as yet undefined Cdks during mid‐late development. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 868–876, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α1‐Antitrypsin in Fibromyalgia: Results of a Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Double‐Blind and Crossover Pilot Trial
Authors: Alegre Cayetano , Barceló Mireia , Jardí Rosendo , Rodríguez‐Frias Francisco , Camprubí Sandra 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess clinical effect of a human plasma‐derived alpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) concentrate in reducing pain severity of patients with fibromyalgia (FM).MethodsThirteen subjects with FM completed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study which consisted of 9 weeks trial of AAT or placebo with a washout period of 6 weeks. Primary efficacy endpoint was change on pain severity score, assessed by a daily visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Other outcome measures included a tender point score, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, (FIQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF‐36), the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and tiredness score evaluated by VAS.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed in either pain severity or other secondary outcome measures in either of the treatment groups, or between treatment groups in either of the treatment periods. No carryover or order of intervention effect was observed from one treatment to the other. Both investigational interventions were generally well tolerated, and vital signs during the drug infusions were within the respective normal ranges.ConclusionTreatment with a human plasma‐derived AAT concentrate did not demonstrate significant improvement over placebo on reducing pain severity and other symptoms of FM. Further research should examine other FM subpopulations and drug doses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of motion compensation strategies and repeatability for abdominal 1H MR spectroscopy measurements in volunteer studies and clinical trials
Authors: Germuska M. , Tunariu N. , Leach M. O. , Xu Jian , Payne G. S. 
Published: December 2011

Increased expression of choline kinase has frequently been shown in tumours and is thought to be associated with disease progression. Studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy have shown an increase in total choline‐containing metabolites (tCho) in tumour compared with healthy tissue. Subsequent reductions in tCho following successful treatment support the use of tCho as a biomarker of disease and response. However, accurate measurement of tCho using MRS in abdominal tumours is complicated by respiratory motion, blurring the acquisition volume and degrading the lineshape and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of metabolites.Motion compensation using prospectively gated acquisitions or offline correction of phase and frequency distortions can help restore the SNR and linewidth of metabolites. Prospectively gated acquisitions have the advantage of confining the volume of acquisition to the prescribed volume but are constrained by the repetition time (TR) of the respiratory motion. In contrast, data acquired for offline correction may use a shorter repetition time and therefore yield an increased SNR per unit time. In this study abdominal spectra acquired from single‐voxel ‘free‐breathing’ measurements in liver of healthy volunteers and in abdominal tumours of cancer patients were compared with those of prospective gating and with an implementation of offline correction. The two motion compensation methodologies were assessed in terms of SNR, linewidth and repeatability.Our experiments show that prospective gating and offline correction result in a 12–22% reduction in median tCho linewidth, while offline correction also provides a significant increase in SNR. The repeatability coefficient (the expected interval for 95% of repeat measurements) for tCho/water ratio was reduced by 37% (prospective gating) and 41% (offline correction).Both methods of motion compensation substantially improved the reproducibility of the tCho/water measurement and the tCho linewidth. While offline correction also leads to a significant improvement in SNR, it may suffer more from out‐of‐voxel contamination. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric relaxation and thermodynamic properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone using time domain reflectometry
Authors: Sarode Arvind V. , Kumbharkhane Ashok C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTemperature‐dependent values of dielectric permittivity ε′ and dielectric loss ε″ of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, commercialized as PVP K‐60) solution of average molecular weight 160 000 g mol−1were measured. The measurements were carried out in the frequency range 10 MHz to 20 GHz using time domain reflectometry at temperatures from 25 to 0 °C. The dielectric spectra can be described by the Davidson‐Cole model. Dielectric parameters such as the static dielectric constant ε0, the high frequency limiting dielectric constant ε∞, the relaxation time τ0and the distribution parameter β and thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy of activation ΔFτ, the enthalpy of activation ΔHτand the entropy of activation ΔSτwere determined. The average free energy of activation was found to be in the range 12.55–14.65 KJ mol−1and the enthalpy of activation was found to be 6.86 KJ mol−1. Entropies of activation were found to be positive at all the measured temperature values and these large positive values of entropies reveal a less ordered structure of the PVP solution. The Kirkwood correlation factorgand the dipole moment µ were also determined for PVP solution. The results were compared with the results of the PVP‐water system studied previously. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of new sulfone‐derivatized phenylenevinylene‐based conjugated copolymers with evolving energy levels and gaps
Authors: Nguyen Thuong H. , Zhang Cheng , Li Rui , Sun Sam‐Shajing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new series of stable, processable, and chain end functionalizable sulfone‐derivatized phenylenevinylene‐based conjugated polymers (SFPVs) containing different donor type comonomers have been synthesized and characterized. The polymer main chains are consisted of a sulfone‐phenylene electron accepting unit coupled with an electron donating unit which is derived from one of the dialdehyde comonomers based on benzene, thiophene, and pyrrole (with or without alkoxy side chains). The optical energy gaps (Eg) of the new polymers (in solvent) are in a range of 1.9–2.3 eV, with the lowest energy gap obtained from the polymer containing pyrrole as the donor unit. By using a combination of strong donor unit (such as pyrrole) and a relatively weak but stable acceptor unit (sulfone‐substituted benzene), Eg of the conjugated polymers can be tailored to below 2 eV, while the vinylene bonds on the polymer main chain are still chemically stable to survive strong basic conditions as compared with the S,S‐dioxo‐thiophene‐based PTV polymers developed earlier for potential supra‐molecular block copolymer systems. The lowest energy gap P(Pyrrole‐SFPV) exhibited 10 times better photoelectric power conversion efficiency than P(TV‐SFPV). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Dynamics alignment: Comparison of protein dynamics in the scop database
Authors: Tobi Dror 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel methodology for comparison of protein dynamics is presented. Protein dynamics is calculated using the Gaussian network model and the modes of motion are globally aligned using the dynamic programming algorithm of Needleman and Wunsch, commonly used for sequence alignment. The alignment is fast and can be used to analyze large sets of proteins. The methodology is applied to the four major classes of the SCOP database: “all alpha proteins,” “all beta proteins,” “alpha and beta proteins,” and “alpha/beta proteins”. We show that different domains may have similar global dynamics. In addition, we report that the dynamics of “all alpha proteins” domains are less specific to structural variations within a given fold or superfamily compared with the other classes. We report that domain pairs with the most similar and the least similar global dynamics tend to be of similar length. The significance of the methodology is that it suggests a new and efficient way of mapping between the global structural features of protein families/subfamilies and their encoded dynamics. Proteins 2012; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detecting local ligand‐binding site similarity in nonhomologous proteins by surface patch comparison
Authors: Sael Lee , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFunctional elucidation of proteins is one of the essential tasks in biology. Function of a protein, specifically, small ligand molecules that bind to a protein, can be predicted by finding similar local surface regions in binding sites of known proteins. Here, we developed an alignment free local surface comparison method for predicting a ligand molecule which binds to a query protein. The algorithm, named Patch‐Surfer, represents a binding pocket as a combination of segmented surface patches, each of which is characterized by its geometrical shape, the electrostatic potential, the hydrophobicity, and the concaveness. Representing a pocket by a set of patches is effective to absorb difference of global pocket shape while capturing local similarity of pockets. The shape and the physicochemical properties of surface patches are represented using the 3D Zernike descriptor, which is a series expansion of mathematical 3D function. Two pockets are compared using a modified weighted bipartite matching algorithm, which matches similar patches from the two pockets. Patch‐Surfer was benchmarked on three datasets, which consist in total of 390 proteins that bind to one of 21 ligands. Patch‐Surfer showed superior performance to existing methods including a global pocket comparison method, Pocket‐Surfer, which we have previously introduced. Particularly, as intended, the accuracy showed large improvement for flexible ligand molecules, which bind to pockets in different conformations. Proteins 2012;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.