bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Tree Diameter Using LiDAR Equipped iPad: An Evaluation of ForestScanner and Arboreal Forest Applications
Authors: Howie Noah A , De Stefano Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Forest owners need simple and efficient tools to capture and understand forest metrics. Additionally, they could benefit from emerging technologies in forest analysis. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors allow for precise measurements of different variables and can be used more easily in forestry settings thanks to their introduction into smartphones and tablets. ForestScanner and Arboreal Forest are two applications (apps) that allow for the measurement of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) on LiDAR-equipped devices. Our study sought to analyze and compare (1) the timing of traditional and LiDAR-based forest inventory methods and (2) the accuracy of traditional and LiDAR-based forest measurements. We established a series of plots to record and compare tree DBH and measurement time between a traditional diameter tape, ForestScanner, and Arboreal Forest. We found that DBH measurements from the apps were in good agreement with diameter tape measurements; however, both apps tended to underestimate DBH. Additionally, measurement time for both apps was found to be significantly shorter than traditional tape measurements. Further improvements in LiDAR apps can present a simple and efficient way for future forest analysis by seasoned foresters and private landowners.
Study Implications: LiDAR smartphone applications represent a cost-effective and time-efficient method for wide-spread forest management, especially among landowners who have little access to forestry-specific equipment. As these technologies continue to advance, the incorporation of functions for plot establishment, height measurements, biomass estimations, and ecosystem dynamics could become valuable assets in the forest industry. We encourage individuals to further test LiDAR measurement applications themselves, as further training on these applications will help developers to improve application accuracy.
Regulation of Green Fluorescent Proteins by Sea Anemones (Anthopleura spp.) in Response to Light
Authors: Staats Ethan G , Clarke Donald Nathaniel , Pearse Vicki Buchsbaum , Govenar Kelly , De Meulenaere Evelien , Deheyn Dimitri D 
Published: May 2024

SYNOPSIS
Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) are a family of proteins with a disjunct systematic distribution; their biological functions remain speculative for the most part. Here, we report studies of three closely related species of green sea anemones (Anthopleura) that express GFPs throughout their ectoderm. Individuals of these species maintain facultative symbiosis with zooxanthellae in their endoderm and inhabit the rocky intertidal or shallow subtidal. Thus, they depend on exposure to light to maintain photosynthesis of their symbionts and simultaneously need to manage stresses associated with this exposure. We present experimental evidence that these sea anemones regulate the amount of GFP in their bodies in response to the surrounding light environment: they increase or reduce GFP when exposed to brighter or dimmer light, respectively, yet they maintain some GFP while in darkness for surprisingly long periods.
Universal Neyman–Pearson classification with a partially known hypothesis
Authors: Boroumand Parham , Fàbregas Albert Guillén i 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose a universal classifier for binary Neyman–Pearson classification where the null distribution is known, while only a training sequence is available for the alternative distribution. The proposed classifier interpolates between Hoeffding’s classifier and the likelihood ratio test and attains the same error probability prefactor as the likelihood ratio test, i.e. the same prefactor as if both distributions were known. In addition, such as Hoeffding’s universal hypothesis test, the proposed classifier is shown to attain the optimal error exponent tradeoff attained by the likelihood ratio test whenever the ratio of training to observation samples exceeds a certain value. We propose a lower bound and an upper bound to the optimal training to observation ratio. In addition, we propose a sequential classifier that attains the optimal error exponent tradeoff.
Cultivable epiphytic bacteria of the Chlorophyta Ulva sp.: diversity, antibacterial, and biofilm-modulating activities
Authors: Paulino Sauvann , Petek Sylvain , Le Strat Yoran , Bourgougnon Nathalie , Le Blay Gwenaelle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Macroalgae harbor a rich epiphytic microbiota that plays a crucial role in algal morphogenesis and defense mechanisms. This study aims to isolate epiphytic cultivable microbiota from Ulva sp. surfaces. Various culture media were employed to evaluate a wide range of cultivable microbiota. Our objective was to assess the antibacterial and biofilm-modulating activities of supernatants from isolated bacteria.

Methods and results
Sixty-nine bacterial isolates from Ulva sp. were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Their antibacterial activity and biofilm modulation potential were screened against three target marine bacteria: 45%, mostly affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria and mainly grown on diluted R2A medium (R2Ad), showed strong antibacterial activity, while 18% had a significant impact on biofilm modulation. Molecular network analysis was carried out on four bioactive bacterial supernatants, revealing new molecules potentially responsible for their activities.

Conclusion
R2Ad offered the greatest diversity and proportion of active isolates. The molecular network approach holds promise for both identifying bacterial isolates based on their molecular production and characterizing antibacterial and biofilm-modulating activities.
The export of Old Masters from Poldi Pezzoli’s Milan to international museums
Authors: Piccolo Olga 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The mid-and later nineteenth century saw the creation and enrichment of some major international museum collections alongside the development of connoisseurship. In this process, Milan was an important hub for the supply of major works of art. This essay offers new insights into Milan’s art market of the period through the methodical examination of export documents; analysis of the unpublished manuscripts of two great exponents of international connoisseurship of this period, Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle and Joseph Archer Crowe; and new sources from the archives of the National Gallery in London. A number of case-studies are presented in chronological order, focusing on examples of works of art imported from Milan by the National Gallery, the Musée du Louvre in Paris, the Royal Museums in Berlin and the Imperial Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg. The conclusions that emerge from this study pave the way for a comparative investigation of other Italian cities in the same period.
Consumers of insect-based foods: a cross-cultural study between Belgium and Gabon
Authors: Detilleux Loïc , Bayendi Loudit Sandrine , Le Gall Philippe , Francis Frédéric , Caparros Megido Rudy , Dogot Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Human consumption of insects has previously been examined in cross-cultural studies. However, such studies rarely include African countries and willingness-to-pay for insect-based food has never been assessed in cross-cultural studies. The current study presents a cross-cultural study conducted with 409 urban dwellers from Belgium (191 males; 218 females) and 412 urban dwellers from Gabon (219 males; 193 females). Each respondent was surveyed with a questionnaire following the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices model and included questions relative to willingness-to-pay for 2 insect-based foods (insect baguette and insect burger). More than 90% of respondents from both countries were familiar with edible insects. However, acceptance of entomophagy was lower in respondents from Gabon than in respondents from Belgium. Intercultural differences were also recorded between Gabonese ethnic groups. Most respondents who accepted entomophagy were willing to eat the insect baguette and/or the insect burger. These findings confirm that entomophagy could further develop in Belgium and Gabon. Willingness-to-pay varied between countries and between insect-based foods. In Belgium, the average prices of comparable conventional foods (i.e., same foods but without insects) were lower than the average willingness-to-pay for insect-based foods. In Gabon, respondents were not willing to pay extra for insect-based foods. Setting the right price for insect-based foods is a necessary step to promote more frequent insect consumption.
Interaction of sound-audition traits between eared insects and arthropodophagous bats: using a DNA approach to assess diet
Authors: Segura-Trujillo Cintya A , Iñiguez-Dávalos Luis Ignacio , Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul , Castañeda-Rico Susette , Maldonado Jesús E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Arthropod–bat interactions are often considered as a base model for studying factors underlying predator–prey coevolutionary processes. Bats developed ultrasonic echolocation to hunt, and in response some arthropods developed defense mechanisms such as ultrasonic hearing, allowing them to elude bat predators. The present study analyzes the feeding patterns of bats, focusing on sonic-auditory sensory mechanisms in predator–prey interactions. Next-generation DNA sequence data from fecal samples were used to analyze the diet of 17 bat species from Mexico. Arthropod prey taxa were classified according to their auditory traits, and echolocation data were recompiled from literature review. We: (i) classified arthropod families according to their hearing ability; (ii) estimated arthropod taxon richness and proportion in the diet of each bat species; and (iii) used multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis, and regression to analyze prey consumption patterns in relation to their auditory traits and in relation to echolocation characteristics of bats. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between foraging time and auditory characteristics of prey. Families with hearing organs correspond to the orders Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. We registered 20 families of Lepidoptera and 5 of Orthoptera—7 and 3 with hearing organs, respectively. Of these orders, families lacking ears were recorded in the diet of a few bat species. Our results support the allotonic frequency hypothesis predicting a difference in emission frequency intervals between predator and prey. However, we found that the consumption of earless moths is less frequent and is related to diurnal and twilight activity—hence, their consumption is limited to bat species foraging early. Results indicate bats feed on arthropod prey successfully despite the ultrasonic hearing ability of the prey. These results may be due to counteradaptations that allow maintenance of an asymmetric “arms race” between bats and eared insects that favors the predator.
Hydroelectric dam impacts shorten and delay the reproductive periods of female leaf-nosed bats in Western Amazonia
Authors: Bobrowiec Paulo Estefano D , da Cunha Tavares Valéria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The life cycles of bats are constrained by availability of resources such as food and shelter. Disruptions limiting otherwise naturally regulated access to these resources ultimately affect the fitness of bat populations and may eventually lead to local extinctions. We sampled bats before and after an Amazonian mega-dam water filling and retrieved data on their reproductive phenology, testing if and how sex ratio, seasonal abundance, and reproductive patterns respond to impacts of the newly operating hydroelectric dam. We analyzed data from 3,298 bat captures of 49 species. Females outnumbered males, previously and after the dam implementation, and we observed seasonal variations in the abundance of bats, which was lower after the implementation of the dam for most species. All species had at least 1 reproductive peak of pregnancy and/or lactation beginning at a variable time across seasons. Most species and functional ensembles were reproductively bimodal, with exceptions being the polymodal Artibeus obscurus and unimodal Phylostomus elongatus. Operations of the hydroelectric dam affected the abundance of both sexes equally, and effects were stronger in the rainy season, altering the timing of reproduction for females, delaying and shortening pregnancy and lactation. These changes expressed in female reproductive activity may be related to the shortfall of resources because of loss of irreplaceable vegetation caused by the dam filling. As we cannot predict the roles of variation of reproductive patterns observed after the filling in the long run we reinforce the importance of long-term, continuous monitoring and management to safeguard the reestablishment of reproductive patterns of females in order to repopulate and keep bat populations healthy in remaining areas along following dam construction.
Cancer control co-benefits of the climate-related provisions in the American Inflation Reduction Act
Authors: Ashad-Bishop Kilan C , Yabroff K Robin , Nogueira Leticia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The American Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 contains climate-related provisions that may have noteworthy implications for cancer control and prevention. This commentary assesses the potential co-benefits of the IRA for cancer control efforts, specifically policies and programs to reduce carcinogen exposure via air quality monitoring and air pollution reduction. Allocations through the IRA for air quality improvement, paired with its environmental justice provisions, hold promise for advancing cancer prevention by targeting resources to communities most susceptible to environmental hazards. Moreover, climate resilience measures dictated by the IRA are crucial for oncology professionals grappling with the dual challenges of climate change and cancer care. Climate-driven extreme weather events can exacerbate carcinogen exposure and disrupt access to cancer care, underscoring the need for resilient health-care infrastructure. The IRA’s provisions for clean energy incentives and infrastructure upgrades offer oncology care institutions opportunities to mitigate emissions and bolster resilience against climate-related disruptions, ultimately improving cancer outcomes. Climate-related initiatives funded by the IRA present a unique and timely avenue to advance equitable cancer control efforts. This commentary underscores the critical intersection between climate resilience policy and oncology care, highlighting the potential to promote a healthier and more resilient future for all.
Diagnostic accuracy of a novel lateral flow assay for histoplasmosis
Authors: Burrows Megan , Miller Janice , Liesman Rachael M , Bahr Nathan C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antigen testing is an important diagnostic tool for histoplasmosis but has limited availability globally. We evaluated the OIDx urine lateral flow antigen assay among 204 persons suspected to have histoplasmosis. Among patients with proven histoplasmosis, sensitivity was 33.3% (3/9, 95% CI 7.5%–70.1%) and specificity 80.5% (157/195, 95% CI 74.3%–85.8%). The MiraVista urine antigen test had better specificity (96.9%) and equal sensitivity. The OIDx test demonstrated 33.3% (3/9) positive agreement and 84.0% (163/194) negative agreement with the MiraVista test. These results should be considered in the context of our low HIV prevalence population with a mixture of pulmonary and disseminated disease.
Quasi-equilibrium chemical evolution in starless cores
Authors: Rawlings J M C , Keto E , Caselli P 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The chemistry of H2O, CO, and other small molecular species in an isolated pre-stellar core, L1544, has been assessed in the context of a comprehensive gas-grain chemical model, coupled to an empirically constrained physical/dynamical model. Our main findings are (i) that the chemical network remains in near equilibrium as the core evolves towards star formation and the molecular abundances change in response to the evolving physical conditions. The gas-phase abundances at any time can be calculated accurately with equilibrium chemistry, and the concept of chemical clocks is meaningless in molecular clouds with similar conditions and dynamical time-scales, and (ii) A comparison of the results of complex and simple chemical networks indicates that the abundances of the dominant oxygen and carbon species, H2O, CO, C, and C+ are reasonably approximated by simple networks. In chemical equilibrium, the time-dependent differential terms vanish, and a simple network reduces to a few algebraic equations. This allows rapid calculation of the abundances most responsible for spectral line radiative cooling in molecular clouds with long dynamical time-scales. The dust ice mantles are highly structured and the ice layers retain a memory of the gas-phase abundances at the time of their deposition. A complex (gas-phase and gas-grain) chemical structure therefore exists, with cosmic-ray induced processes dominating in the inner regions. The inferred H2O abundance profiles for L1544 require that the outer parts of the core and also any medium exterior to the core are essentially transparent to the interstellar radiation field.
An online framework for fitting fast transient light curves
Authors: Barna Tyler , Reed Brandon , Andreoni Igor , Coughlin Michael W , Dietrich Tim , Groom Steven L , du Laz Theophile Jegou , Pang Peter T H , Purdum Josiah N , Rusholme Ben 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The identification of extragalactic fast optical transients (eFOTs) as potential multimessenger sources is one of the main challenges in time-domain astronomy. However, recent developments have allowed for probes of rapidly evolving transients. With the increasing number of alert streams from optical time-domain surveys, the next paradigm is building technologies to rapidly identify the most interesting transients for follow-up. One effort to make this possible is the fitting of objects to a variety of eFOT light curve models such as kilonovae and γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. In this work, we describe a new framework designed to efficiently fit transients to light curve models and flag them for further follow-up. We describe the pipeline’s workflow and a handful of performance metrics, including the nominal sampling time for each model. We highlight as examples ZTF20abwysqy, the shortest long gamma-ray burst discovered to date, and ZTF21abotose, a core-collapse supernova initially identified as a potential kilonova candidate.
FRBs from rapid spin-down neutron stars
Authors: Li Dongzi , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A fast radio burst (FRB) localized to a globular cluster (GC) challenges FRB models involving ordinary young magnetars. In this paper, we examine the rapid spin-down millisecond neutron star (NS) scenario, which favours the dynamic environment in GCs. Fast spin-down corresponds to a larger magnetic field than regular millisecond pulsars, which empirically favours giant pulse (GP) emission. The kinetic energy in millisecond NSs can readily exceed the magnetic energy in magnetars. The high inferred isotropic luminosity of most FRBs is challenging to explain in spin-down powered pulsars. A recent observation of a GP from the Crab pulsar, on the other hand, suggests highly Doppler-beamed emission, making the required energy orders of magnitude smaller than estimated with isotropic assumptions. Considering this strong beaming effect, GPs from a recycled pulsar with a modest magnetic field could explain the energetics and burst rates for a wide range of FRBs. The short life span accounts for a paucity of bright FRBs in the Milky Way neighbourhood. We point out that tidal disruption spin-up from a main-sequence star can provide sufficient accretion rate to recycle an NS with mild magnetic field. It can also explain the observed source density and the spatial offset in the GC for FRB 20200120E. Frequency variation in the scattering tail for some of the brightest FRBs is expected in this scenario.
Repainting the colour–mass diagrams by unearthing the green mountain: dust-rich S0 galaxies in the colour–(galaxy stellar mass) diagram, and the colour–(black hole mass) relations for dust-poor versus dust-rich galaxies
Authors: Graham Alister W 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Lenticular galaxies are notoriously misclassified as elliptical galaxies and, as such, a (disc inclination)-dependent correction for dust is often not applied to the magnitudes of dusty lenticular galaxies. This results in overly red galaxy colours, impacting their distribution in the colour–magnitude diagram. It is revealed how this has led to an underpopulation of the ‘green valley’ by hiding a ‘green mountain’ of massive dust-rich lenticular galaxies – known to be built from gas-rich major mergers – within the ‘red sequence’ of colour–(stellar mass) diagrams. Correcting for dust, a ‘green mountain’ appears at M*,gal ∼ 1011 M⊙, along with signs of an extension to lower masses producing a ‘green range’ or ‘green ridge’ on the green side of the ‘red sequence’ and ‘blue cloud.’ The ‘red sequence’ is shown to be comprised of two components: a red plateau defined by elliptical galaxies with a near-constant colour and by lower-mass dust-poor lenticular galaxies, which are mostly a primordial population but may include faded/transformed spiral galaxies. The presence of the quasi-triangular-shaped galaxy evolution sequence, previously called the ‘Triangal’, is revealed in the galaxy colour–(stellar mass) diagram. It tracks the speciation of galaxies and their associated migration through the diagram. The connection of the ‘Triangal’ to previous galaxy morphology sequences (Fork, Trident, and Comb) is also shown herein. Finally, the colour–(black hole mass) diagram is revisited, revealing how the dust correction generates a blue–green sequence for the spiral and dust-rich lenticular galaxies that is offset from a green–red sequence defined by the dust-poor lenticular and elliptical galaxies.
A search for non-transiting exoplanets with optical light phase curves from TESS Southern ecliptic sectors
Authors: Cullen Caitlyn J , Bayliss Daniel 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Phased photometric variation provides a method for discovering potential non-transiting exoplanets in high-precision time-series photometry. Applying a Lomb–Scargle algorithm, we search for phased photometric variation in a selection of 140 000 bright dwarf stars with full-frame image light curves from the Southern ecliptic hemisphere of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. We fit the phased photometric variation signal for these candidates using a three-component model comprised of atmospheric reflection/emission, tidal ellipsoidal distortion, and Doppler beaming contributions. We find 27 candidate signals that can be attributed to short-period, massive planets. Our candidates have periods ranging from 0.74 to 1.98 d, and photometric variations with amplitudes ranging from 94 to 528 ppm. The host stars are all bright (9 &lt; T &lt; 11) F- and G-type dwarf stars. We estimate the radial velocity semi-amplitudes to be in excess of 60 m s−1 for each candidate, easily within reach of current high-precision spectrographs. If confirmed, these candidates would be the first non-transiting exoplanets discovered with TESS.
Callicebus oenanthe (Primates: Pitheciidae)
Authors: Shanee Sam , Aldrich Brooke C , Pacheco Victor , Serrano-Villavicencio José E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924, commonly known as the San Martín Titi Monkey, is endemic to the northern portion of the department of San Martin, in the Alto Mayo and Huallaga river valleys. It lives in family groups, consisting of a monogamous pair and their offspring. It occurs at elevations between 200 and 1,000 m. Callicebus oenanthe feeds primarily on fruit, but includes other foods like leaves, flowers, and invertebrates in its diet. Although locally common, the species is listed as “Critically Endangered” (CR) both by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and under Peruvian legislation.