bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permeability Characterization of a High-K Dolomitized Interval: A Case Study from an Early Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir of a Giant Oil Field, Offshore Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Yamamoto K. , Al-Zinati O. , Ottinger G. , Edwards E. , Kompanik G. , Al-Ameri M. B. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This paper presents an approach for permeability characterization of a thin, high-K dolomitized interval based on application of depositional and diagenetic concepts. The interval is 3.5 feet in average thickness and has higher permeability values than surrounding limestones. It is an important drilling target and the permeability shows significant heterogeneity vertically and laterally which impacts future well placement and completion designs of long laterals. Detailed core observations from 85 wells suggests that the intensity of dolomitization is laterally variable at an inter-well scale, but that there is a clear vertical trend of dolomite content increasing towards the middle part of the interval at each well location. The dolomitization is often concentrated within the grain-dominated facies and, in general, it leads to increased permeability. However, in some instances it can result in an intense overdolomitization yielding degraded reservoir quality. Permeability can also be improved in some areas by leaching of non-dolomitized material, particularly in the crestal area of the field.
Core and petrographic observations combined with plug analysis data suggest that the dolomitized zone can be divided into three sublayers and characterized by two rock types: Dolostone with well-developed intercrystalline pores (high-K) and highly overdolomitized dolostone that occur in the middle sublayer.Calcareous dolostone characterized by weaker dolomitization and/or dissolution that are in the upper/lower sublayers. This rock type is also occasionally assigned to the middle sublayer where dolomitization is locally weak.
Regression analyses of plug porosity-permeability values are characterized by one regression line for the dolostone rock type, which represent a higher permeability trend (Trend 1) that contrasts the calcareous dolostone rock type (Trend 2).
The proposed fine-scale layering scheme and rock typing can be used to model the vertical and lateral petrophysical heterogeneity and permeability contrasts of the high-K dolomitized interval.
Stabilizing Fracture Faces in Water-Sensitive Shale Formations
Authors: Weaver J. D. , Nguyen P. D. , Loghry R. A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Fracturing water-sensitive shale formations with water-based fracturing fluids requires special attention to minimize the destabilization of high-clay-content shale formations. The reaction of water with clay minerals can result in clay swelling, dispersion, and flocculation. Failure to prevent these effects can lead to fracture-face softening and sloughing, resulting in significant loss of fracture conductivity.
The use of chemical additives designed to minimize the effect of water-based fluids on clay minerals is a well-established technology for formation-matrix treatment of high-permeability formations where fluid leakoff during a treatment is significant. Because shale formations exhibit permeabilities in the nanodarcy (nD) range, high fluid loss and matrix treatment is not the dominate concern. Typical pore-throat diameters in shale can be in the nanometer (nm) range, and actual molecular size becomes paramount.
A variety of additives are advertised to prevent clay damage, but little information is provided explaining how they work, how to select the appropriate product, and how to optimize the treatment. This paper presents a comparative study, including many of the currently available clay-control materials tested on a variety of simulated and actual shale-formation materials.
Chemical mechanisms describing how these products function to stabilize clay minerals and how these mechanisms control the duration they remain in the formation to provide protection to the clay minerals are also presented to enhance the general understanding of product selection, capability, and limitations. A review of current laboratory-testing methods used to make recommendations, including limitations and precautions, is included.
Fracture Height Containment in the Stimulation of Oriskany Formation
Authors: Vatsa Tushar , Wang John Yilin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Oriskany formation has been a prolific producer of natural gas in the Appalachian basin since 1930s. Lot of production wells have been converted to gas storage wells for the ease of operation. Natural gas storage industry is a vital part of North American energy driven economy because of the fluctuation in seasonal demand and in maintaining the reliability of supply needed to meet the demands of the consumer. However, the storage wells suffer from an annual deliverability loss of 5% owing to the various damage mechanisms.
A lot of work pertaining to the issue of identification of damage mechanisms, and subsequent development of stimulation technology in order to mitigate the damage and restore the wells deliverability has been done in a joint effort between The Gas Research Institute, Department of Energy, American Gas Association and the various other operator companies involved in the storage industry. Operators mostly rely on traditional methods such as blowing, washing, reperforating, acidizing, infill drilling to restore wells deliverability. These traditional methods do provide short term benefits but the longevity is not sustained and the overall situation remains same. Hydraulic fracturing is not preferred in terms of legitimate concerns over excessive vertical height growth, long fracture fluid clean up times, lack of expertise and cost.
This research study was carried out to understand the various damage mechanisms affecting the Oriskany wells, with a focus on gas storage wells. I then developed a dataset of reservoir properties, rock properties and fracture treatment data for Oriskany based on a complete literature review and calculations from a sonic log. New stimulation methods were developed based on a systematic parametrical study on the type of fracture fluids, injection rate, types of proppant, treatment volume, reservoir pressure and treatment schedule. These new methods lead to increased well deliverability, fracture height containment and higher average fracture conductivity.
Drilling, Production, Intervention Milling Tool - Records Achieved in Milling of Cemented Tubulars, a Technological Standout with Real Field Results
Authors: Fisher Jerry , Bailey Tom , Bansal R. K. , Haq Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The scenario of having drill string or work string cemented up in plugging or squeezing operations is a real occurrence and if the right procedures are not followed, then the intervention process can be lengthy, time consuming with increased costs to the operator. The intervention techniques for drill pipe or work string can be either washing over or milling it out. During wash-over operations when the cemented tubular is eccentric to the casing, and little progress is made, milling the cemented tubular is the best option. Using conventional junk mills, the rates of penetration (ROP) achieved are significantly lower and the over-all mill life is between 10-50 ft before the mill cores out. This paper describes a new cemented tubular mill designed and ruggedly constructed to mill wellbore tubulars that are internally and externally cemented. With its enhanced geometry, this mill has exceeded the rate-of-penetration performance of standard crushed-carbide and/or insert-dressed mills. This paper also describes real field results in details - both with correct application as well as results of incorrect applications.
As always, the objective of this paper is to disseminate technical information within the SPE guidelines.
A Parametric Study and Economic Evaluation of Drilling Patterns in Deep, Thick CBM Reservoirs
Authors: Nasar Ali Omran , Mohaghegh Shahab D. , Gholami Vida 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Over the past decade, production from unconventional reservoirs such as coalbed methane has increased dramatically. The focal driving force for this growth in coalbed methane production was the development and promulgation of reservoir engineering and completion technology.
There have been many studies performed on the well configuration and production optimization techniques in the coal seams. According to many of these studies horizontal, deviated and multi lateral wells are of more benefit compared to the vertical wells. However, the target of these studies has mostly been the thin coal seams hence this result might not hold for the thick CBM reservoirs. The experience has proved that one thick coal is better than an equivalent thickness of multiple thin coals. Samples of the deep thickest accumulation of coal in the world can be found in some of the areas of the United States such as Uintah basin and Piceance basin in Colorado, Black Warrior basin in Alabama and Arkoma basin in Oklahoma and Alaska. The thickness of coal beds in these areas can reach up to 150 ft and they can be as deep as 9000 ft.
Although horizontal drilling will result in higher gas production and consequently more revenue, the drilling cost in these wells are significantly higher than the vertical wells. When the coal beds are thick enough that the contact of wellbore and formation is not a limiting issue, the practicality of drilling horizontally versus multiple vertical wells might be questioned.
In this work, the most appropriate drilling patterns in thick and deep CBM reservoirs have been identified. A sensitivity analysis has been performed with the intention of addressing the effect of different reservoir parameters and well configurations germane to methane production from CBM. These characteristics include fracture permeability, fracture porosity, gas content, and desorption time. The yardstick for comparing the economical practicality of different drilling configurations under diverse reservoir properties is the Net Present Value (NPV).
Divestiture Structure and Tax Attributes: Evidence from the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993
Authors: Weaver Connie D. 
Published: December 2011

Using data from 1991 through 1994, this study investigates the effect of tax provisions on divestiture structure. Specifically, a set of taxable asset and taxable stock sell-offs are analyzed to assess the impact of a tax-law change requiring purchased intangibles to be amortized over 15 years on the structure of these divestitures. The results provide evidence that allowing the amortization of goodwill, a previously nondeductible intangible asset, increases the likelihood of step-up (goodwillcreating) divestitures. However, the likelihood of step-up transactions decreases as a function of the level of other transaction intangibles such as customer lists. Although the incidence of step-up transactions does not increase after the passage of the tax law, the results show that the structure of individual transactions is affected in an offsetting manner as a function of goodwill and other transaction intangibles.
This study also provides evidence suggesting that inferences vary depending on how transactions are classified. An additional analysis where structure is determined strictly by the legal form of the divestiture rather than by its tax treatment demonstrates the result of misclassifying taxable stock transactions that are taxed as taxable asset transactions (§338(h)(10) divestitures). In this analysis, goodwill deductibility is not a significant factor in determining the likelihood of transaction structure. However when the §338(h)(10) divestitures are eliminated from the sample altogether, goodwill deductibility is again significant in explaining the likelihood of divestiture structure, as is consistent with the original model. These results suggest that transaction classification is important when examining the effect of tax provisions or attributes on divestiture structure.
The Impact of Embedded Intelligent Agents on Tax-Reporting Decisions
Authors: Masselli John J. , Ricketts Robert C. , Arnold Vicky , Sutton Steve G. 
Published: December 2011

The use of tax preparation software to meet federal tax-reporting requirements has dramatically increased in the last decade. The general assumption is that such software improves the accuracy of taxpayers' returns, in part because embedded intelligent agents identify potential form errors, provide interpretations of tax laws, and highlight potential IRS audit flags. However, it is possible that these intelligent agents may have other, unintended effects as well. In particular, it is likely that the audit warnings embedded in many of these products may cause many taxpayers to take more conservative positions in their tax returns. Taxpayers most likely to be affected in this way are those who are relatively less knowledgeable about tax laws and reporting requirements.
This study presents the results of a computerized tax experiment that are consistent with the above expectations. For novice taxpayers, the audit flags embedded in the software led to conservative adjustments that are rather extreme, resulting in significantly higher reported taxable incomes relative to their counterparts who did not have access to the embedded audit flags. Knowledgeable taxpayers, in contrast, maintained essentially the same level of taxable income and corresponding tax liability despite software warnings of potential audit.
Does Representation Matter in IRS Office Audits?
Authors: Nichols Nancy B. , Price John Ellis 
Published: December 2011

Tax practitioners often represent clients before the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It is generally assumed that clients enjoy significant benefits when represented by a tax practitioner during an IRS audit, such as limitations on the final assessment of tax and penalties. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research that directly analyzes the impact of taxpayer representation on IRS audit outcomes because there is no data on whether the taxpayer was represented.
This research provides empirical evidence regarding one of the perceived benefits of representation—a reduction in the final tax assessment by the IRS—and is a first step in determining when an individual should hire a professional representative for an IRS office audit. The results indicate that the final tax assessment is significantly less for taxpayers with representation during an IRS office audit, both in dollars and as a percentage of the potential deficiency.
Evaluation of Clostridium novyi–NT spores in dogs with naturally occurring tumors
Authors: Krick Erika L. , Sorenmo Karin U. , Rankin Shelley C. , Cheong Ian , Kobrin Barry , Thornton Katherine , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Vogelstein Bert , Zhou Shibin , Diaz Luis A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective—To establish the maximum tolerated dose of Clostridium novyi–NT spores in tumor-bearing dogs and evaluate spore germination within tumors and tumor response.
Animals—6 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—A standard dose-escalation study was planned, with maximum tolerated dose defined as the highest dose at which 0 or 1 of 6 dogs had dose-limiting toxicoses (DLT). Dogs received 1 dose of C novyi–NT spores IV. Toxicoses were graded and interventions performed according to specific guidelines. Grade 3 or higher toxicosis or any toxicosis combination that substantially affected patient status was considered DLT. Clinical response was measured by use of response evaluation criteria in solid tumors at 28 days.
Results—The first 2 dogs had DLT. The dose was decreased. Two of the next 4 dogs had DLT; therefore, dose administration was stopped because the study endpoint had been reached. The most common toxicosis was fever (n = 6 dogs). Two dogs developed abscesses (1 within a nasal carcinoma and 1 splenic abscess) attributable to C novyi–NT infection; both required surgical intervention. Clostridium novyi–NT was cultured from 1 of 6 tumors. Five dogs were available for response assessment (4 had stable disease; 1 had progressive disease).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that C novyi–NT can germinate within tumors of dogs. Toxicosis, although common and sometimes severe, was manageable with treatment. Further studies in dogs with superficial tumors may allow for continued dose escalation and provide information for use in clinical trials in veterinary and human oncology.
Antimicrobial potential of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives
Authors: Singh Soni , Bhat Sujata 
Published: December 2011

Antimicrobial potential of 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives
Twenty Baylis-Hillman adducts were synthesized from different aromatic aldehydes and activated vinyl derivatives. The adducts, which are differently substituted 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives, were screened for their antimicrobial activity in vitro by the serial dilution method. Many of these molecules displayed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. The ease of synthesis from low-cost starting materials along with potent antimicrobial activity of these molecules provide the lead for further improvement of activity and reflect the possibility of therapeutic use.
Endurance and Speed Capacity of the Korea Republic Football National Team During the World Cup of 2010
Authors: Duk Oh , Min Kim , Kawczyński Adam , Chmura Paweł , Mroczek Dariusz , Chmura Jan 
Published: December 2011

Endurance and Speed Capacity of the Korea Republic Football National Team During the World Cup of 2010
The aim of the study was to characterize selected indices of endurance and speed of the Korea Republic team with reference to the four best teams during the World Cup of 2010. Five hundred and ninety-nine football players from thirty-two teams participated in the study. All teams played in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. For the assessment of the players' motor activity during matches common kinematic test results were recorded using the Castrol Performance Index. The following variables were analysed: total distance covered by the team, distance covered by individual players, maximum running speed and average match running speed for the team and individual players, as well as with division with regard to playing position: defenders, midfielders, strikers. In comparison to the four best teams at the football World Cup of 2010, the Korea Republic players achieved the highest running speed (p≤0.05), and similar levels of covered distance and average match running speed.
Assessing the Importance Given by Basketball Coaches to Training Contents
Authors: Leite Nuno , Coelho Eduarda , Sampaio Jaime 
Published: December 2011

Assessing the Importance Given by Basketball Coaches to Training Contents
The purpose of this study was to compare the importance given by novice, intermediate and experienced basketball coaches to training contents. To achieve this purpose, a sample composed of Portuguese basketball coaches (n = 212) described how they rate the importance of technical, tactical, physical and drill contents. According to the results, there is a wide-ranging differential from novice to experienced coaches. First, while experienced coaches tend to focus on tactical development, novice and intermediate coaches seem to privilege the improvement of technical skills. Second, whereas significant differences between novice and intermediate coaches were found, evidence confirmed that they were higher (both in number and weight) when comparing experienced coaches against novice and intermediate. The study provided strong support to justify the necessity to adjust coaches' knowledge to players' biological developmental, and could form the basis of focused interventions in coaching development.
Position-Related Differences in Cardiorespiratory Functional Capacity of Elite Basketball Players
Authors: Gocentas Audrius , Jascaniniene Nijole , Poprzęcki Stanislaw , Jaszczanin Jan , Juozulynas Algirdas 
Published: December 2011

Position-Related Differences in Cardiorespiratory Functional Capacity of Elite Basketball Players
The purpose of this study was to examine possible differences in cardio respiratory functional capacity between perimeter and post elite basketball players. The subjects included 42 highly trained basketball players subdivided into groups of perimeter and post players. Point guards, shooting guards and small forwards were involved in the group of perimeter players, while power forwards and centers represented the group of post players. All players performed a standardized exercise test to evaluate maximal oxygen uptake using a cycle ergometer and automated breath-by-breath system VMAX229C. Collected data of power, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange were compared between the groups of perimeter and post players. Significant differences in anthropometric features between the investigated subgroups were observed. Post players were heavier and taller. Therefore, the perimeter players had significantly higher values of VO2max and relative power. VO2max was related to relative power. Relations between those variables can be described by linear regression. Given regressions can be used as a source of typical values for male basketball players. The results indicate that the empirical repartition of basketball players into perimeter and post players has not only a morphological but a physiological basis as well.
Mites of the order Mesostigmata on plots reforested with Scots pine after various kinds of soil preparation and wood residue utilization after clear-cutting
Authors: Skorupski Maciej , Gornowicz Roman , Spaeth Marcin , Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: December 2011

Mites of the order Mesostigmata on plots reforested with Scots pine after various kinds of soil preparation and wood residue utilization after clear-cutting
The clear-cutting system is still popular, especially on poor sites in Central European forests. It causes serious disturbances in natural processes during forest regeneration. The main objective of this research on mesostigmatid mites was to evaluate and compare the influence of various kinds of soil preparation and treatment of the wood debris left after clear-cutting (on plots reforested with Scots pine Pinus sylvestris). As a result of the conducted investigations, 24 mite species of the order Mesostigmata were found. The highest number of species represented the families Parasitidae (7 species), Laelapidae (4 species) and Zerconidae, Digamasellidae, Ascidae (3 species each). The study was conducted on an experimental plot in the Międzychód Forest District (West Poland). The species composition of mite communities on all subplots is characteristic for Scots pine forests. The highest numbers of individuals and species were collected on the plots where the wood residue was burnt or chipped and left on the soil surface. The lowest numbers of individuals and species were colleted on the plots where the chipped wood residue was mixed with soil or removed from the plots. The method of wood residue utilization significantly influenced the community structure of the Mesostigmata, while various kinds of soil preparation before reforestation did not have any significant influence.