bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: A versatile research and teaching tool
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang , Breadmore Michael C. , Caslavska Jitka , Mosher Richard A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSoftware is available, which simulates all basic electrophoretic systems, including moving boundary electrophoresis, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF and EKC, and their combinations under almost exactly the same conditions used in the laboratory. These dynamic models are based upon equations derived from the transport concepts such as electromigration, diffusion, electroosmosis and imposed hydrodynamic buffer flow that are applied to user‐specified initial distributions of analytes and electrolytes. They are able to predict the evolution of electrolyte systems together with associated properties such as pH and conductivity profiles and are as such the most versatile tool to explore the fundamentals of electrokinetic separations and analyses. In addition to revealing the detailed mechanisms of fundamental phenomena that occur in electrophoretic separations, dynamic simulations are useful for educational purposes. This review includes a list of current high‐resolution simulators, information on how a simulation is performed, simulation examples for zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF and EKC and a comprehensive discussion of the applications and achievements.
A new electrophoretic focusing principle: Focusing of nonamphoteric weak ionogenic analytes using inverse electromigration dispersion profiles
Authors: Gebauer Petr , Malá Zdena , Boček Petr 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis contribution introduces a new separation principle in CE which offers focusing of weak nonamphoteric ionogenic species and their inherent transport to the detector. The prerequisite condition for application of this principle is the existence of an inverse electromigration dispersion profile, i.e. a profile where pH is decreasing toward the anode or cathode for focusing of anionic or cationic weak analytes, respectively. The theory presented defines the principal conditions under which an analyte is focused on a profile of this type. Since electromigration dispersion profiles are migrating ones, the new principle offers inherent transport of focused analytes into the detection cell. The focusing principle described utilizes a mechanism different from both CZE (where separation is based on the difference in mobilities) and IEF (where separation is based on difference in pI), and hence, offers another separation dimension in CE. The new principle and its theory presented here are supplemented by convincing experiments as their proof.
Steric effect and slip‐modulated energy transfer in narrow fluidic channels with finite aspect ratios
Authors: Garai Anirban , Chakraborty Suman 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this study, we delineate the combined consequences of finite channel aspect ratios, wall slip effects and steric interactions on the energy transfer mechanisms in narrow fluidic confinements. By considering the details of ionic interactions within the electrical double layer, we demonstrate that considerations of finite aspect ratios and steric effects may result in dramatic alterations in the predictions of effective viscosity as well as the energy transfer efficiency, particularly for high magnitudes of the surface charge density, as compared with the predictions based on parallel plate channel considerations. We also illustrate the possibilities of obtaining very high energy transfer efficiencies by employing channels of aspect ratios close to unity, with a judicious exploitation of steric interactions and wall slippage effects in highly confined geometries.
The use of essential oils for postharvest decay control. A review.
Authors: Antunes Maria Dulce C. , Cavaco Ana Margarida 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFood safety is one of the major issues related to fresh fruit and vegetables. The preservation of the ‘freshness’ quality of these products is relevant due to their economical impact. This chapter is a comprehensive review of the use of essential oils from different sources and their constituents on the control of postharvest decay and overall quality preservation of fresh fruit and vegetables. An overview on the most significant postharvest diseases and their impact, as well as on the mainly used synthetic chemicals and their side‐effects has been included. Emphasis has been on the sources of essential oils and their constituents studied up to now, and their effects on controlling postharvest diseases, either in vitro or in vivo, and their effect on overall quality and storage life of fresh commodities. Issues regarding their impact on human health and the environment have also been analysed.
Anterior cervical osteophyte dysphagia: Manofluorographic and functional outcomes after surgery
Authors: Ozgursoy Ozan B. , Salassa John R. , Reimer Ronald , Wharen Robert E. , Deen Hugh G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to investigate the clinical and manofluorographic findings of patients with anterior cervical osteophyte (ACO) dysphagia before and after surgery.Methods.Chart review including manofluorography (MFG) data of patients undergoing ACO removal was undertaken.Results.Thirteen patients underwent transcervical ACO removal over a 10‐year period. A postoperative hematoma was the only surgical complication. Overall, there was a significant postoperative decrease in Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale (FOSS). MFG data showed an elevated preoperative intrabolus pressure gradient across the osteophyte (IB‐Gra), 39.78 mm Hg, and IB‐Gra significantly decreased to 19 mm Hg 6 months after surgery.Conclusion.Functional (FOSS) and objective MFG (IB‐Gra) improvements occurred in patients who had ACO dysphagia and underwent surgery. These findings support high IB‐Gra as a reliable objective indicator for surgical intervention for ACO dysphagia and IB‐Gra as an appropriate parameter for follow‐up after ACO removal. In selected patients, ACO removal by anterolateral‐transcervical approach is a safe and highly effective treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Multimodal treatment of patients with minor salivary gland cancer in the case of recurrent disease
Authors: Erovic Boban M. , Schopper Christian , Pammer Johannes , Vormittag Laurenz , Maleki Amir , Brunner Markus , Heiduschka Gregor , Grasl Matthaeus Ch. , Thurnher Dietmar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundOur aim in this study was to identify prognostic factors and the optimal therapeutic management in patients with minor salivary gland carcinomas.MethodsOverall and disease‐free survival and overall survival after recurrence in patients with adenoidcystic carcinoma (n = 25), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 8), adenocarcinoma (n = 5), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (n = 4), and others (n = 5) were correlated to clinical data.ResultsOverall survival correlated to treatment modality (p = .039) and T classification (p = .003), whereas prolonged disease‐free interval correlated to treatment (p < .001) and T classification (p = .009). Overall survival after recurrence correlated to treatment of recurrence (p = .006) and initial T classification (p = .02). Multivariate analysis showed that overall survival after recurrence correlated to treatment of recurrence (p = .019) and initial T classification (p = 0.019). T classification was a prognostic factor for overall survival (p = .002) and disease‐free interval (p = .002).ConclusionsThe initial tumor classification is a clinical predictor for patients' overall and disease‐free survival and overall survival after recurrence. Multimodal treatment significantly improves patients' overall survival. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Designing a balanced scorecard for a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: a modified Delphi group exercise
Authors: Rabbani Fauziah , Jafri Syed M. Wasim , Abbas Farhat , Shah Mairaj , Azam Syed Iqbal , Shaikh Babar Tasneem , Brommels Mats , Tomson Goran 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBalanced Scorecards (BSC) are being implemented in high income health settings linking organizational strategies with performance data. At this private university hospital in Pakistan an elaborate information system exists. This study aimed to make best use of available data for better performance management. Applying the modified Delphi technique an expert panel of clinicians and hospital managers reduced a long list of indicators to a manageable size. Indicators from existing documents were evaluated for their importance, scientific soundness, appropriateness to hospital's strategic plan, feasibility and modifiability. Panel members individually rated each indicator on a scale of 1–9 for the above criteria. Median scores were assigned. Of an initial set of 50 indicators, 20 were finally selected to be assigned to the four BSC quadrants. These were financial (n = 4), customer or patient (n = 4), internal business or quality of care (n = 7) and innovation/learning or employee perspectives (n = 5). A need for stringent definitions, international benchmarking and standardized measurement methods was identified. BSC compels individual clinicians and managers to jointly work towards improving performance. This scorecard is now ready to be implemented by this hospital as a performance management tool for monitoring indicators, addressing measurement issues and enabling comparisons with hospitals in other settings Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistency of signal intensity and T2* in frozen ex vivo heart muscle, kidney, and liver tissue
Authors: Kaye Elena A. , Josan Sonal , Lu Aiming , Rosenberg Jarrett , Daniel Bruce L. , Pauly Kim Butts 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate tissue dependence of the MRI‐based thermometry in frozen tissue by quantification and comparison of signal intensity and T2* of ex vivo frozen tissue of three different types: heart muscle, kidney, and liver.Materials and Methods:Tissue samples were frozen and imaged on a 0.5 Tesla MRI scanner with ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence. Signal intensity and T2* were determined as the temperature of the tissue samples was decreased from room temperature to approximately −40°C. Statistical analysis was performed for (−20°C, −5°C) temperature interval.Results:The findings of this study demonstrate that signal intensity and T2* are consistent across three types of tissue for (−20°C, −5°C) temperature interval.Conclusion:Both parameters can be used to calculate a single temperature calibration curve for all three types of tissue and potentially in the future serve as a foundation for tissue‐independent MRI‐based thermometry. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:719–724. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoothing that does not blur: Effects of the anisotropic approach for evaluating diffusion tensor imaging data in the clinic
Authors: Moraschi Marta , Hagberg Gisela E. , Di Paola Margherita , Spalletta Gianfranco , Maraviglia Bruno , Giove Federico 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To compare the effects of anisotropic and Gaussian smoothing on the outcomes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) voxel‐based (VB) analyses in the clinic, in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) enhancement and directional information and boundary structures preservation.Materials and Methods:DTI data of 30 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 30 matched control subjects were obtained at 3T. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps with variable degrees and quality (Gaussian and anisotropic) of smoothing were created and compared with an unsmoothed dataset. The two smoothing approaches were evaluated in terms of SNR improvements, capability to separate differential effects between patients and controls by a standard VB analysis, and level of artifacts introduced by the preprocessing.Results:Gaussian smoothing regionally biased the FA values and introduced a high variability of results in clinical analysis, greatly dependent on the kernel size. On the contrary, anisotropic smoothing proved itself capable of enhancing the SNR of images and maintaining boundary structures, with only moderate dependence of results on smoothing parameters.Conclusion:Our study suggests that anisotropic smoothing is more suitable in DTI studies; however, regardless of technique, a moderate level of smoothing seems to be preferable considering the artifacts introduced by this manipulation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:690–697. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perfusion parameters derived from bolus‐tracking perfusion imaging are immune to tracer recirculation
Authors: Kosior Jayme Cameron , Frayne Richard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the impact of tracer recirculation on estimates of cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT).Materials and Methods:The theoretical model used to derive CBF, CBV, and MTT was examined. CBF and CBV estimates with and without tracer recirculation were compared in computer simulations to examine the effects of tracer recirculation.Results:The equations used to derive CBF, CBV, and MTT assume that the arterial input function and tissue tracer signals define the input and output signals, respectively, of a linear time‐invariant system. As a result of the principle of superposition, these perfusion parameters are immune to tracer recirculation, which was confirmed by computer simulation. However, limited acquisition durations can lead to CBV and CBF errors of up to 50%.Conclusion:Tracer recirculation does not impact estimation of CBF, CBV, or MTT. However, previous approaches used to remove recirculation effects may be beneficial when used to compensate for limited acquisition durations in which the passage of the bolus is not adequately captured. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:753–756. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole‐body MR imaging for the evaluation of mcCune‐albright syndrome
Authors: Ferreira Elisa C. , Brito Cecília C.B. , Domingues Roberto C. , Bernardes Marcio , Marchiori Edson , Gasparetto Emerson L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper is a detailed case study of a seven‐year‐old girl who developed precocious puberty. The young girl experienced bilateral breast enlargement, vaginal discharge, and multiple areas of “cafe‐au‐lait” pigmentation on the skin. The skeletal radiographs showed multiple bone lesions which were suggestive of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. These findings were sufficient to establish the diagnosis of McCune‐Albright syndrome. Whole‐body MRI was used to assess the extent of the osseous lesions throughout the body. The MRI showed approximately the same number of osseous lesions compared to the skeletal radiographs. In addition, the MRI detected a cystic lesion localized in the pelvis that raised the possibility of an ovarian‐follicular cyst. This case suggests that whole‐body MRI might be a promising method for the evaluation and follow‐up of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, a disease with diffuse involvement of the musculoskeletal system. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:706–710. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid arterial wall MRI at 3T using 3D variable‐flip‐angle turbo spin‐echo (TSE) with flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD)
Authors: Fan Zhaoyang , Zhang Zhuoli , Chung Yiu‐Cho , Weale Peter , Zuehlsdorff Sven , Carr James , Li Debiao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the effectiveness of flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD) magnetization preparation in improving blood signal suppression of three‐dimensional (3D) turbo spin‐echo (TSE) sequence (SPACE) for isotropic high‐spatial‐resolution carotid arterial wall imaging at 3T.Materials and Methods:The FSD‐prepared SPACE sequence (FSD‐SPACE) was implemented by adding two identical FSD gradient pulses right before and after the first refocusing 180°‐pulse of the SPACE sequence in all three orthogonal directions. Nine healthy volunteers were imaged at 3T with SPACE, FSD‐SPACE, and multislice T2‐weighted 2D TSE coupled with saturation band (SB‐TSE). Apparent carotid wall‐lumen contrast‐to‐noise ratio (aCNRw‐l) and apparent lumen area (aLA) at the locations with residual‐blood (rb) signal shown on SPACE images were compared between SPACE and FSD‐SPACE. Carotid aCNRw‐l and lumen (LA) and wall area (WA) measured from FSD‐SPACE were compared to those measured from SB‐TSE.Results:Plaque‐mimicking flow artifacts identified in seven carotids on SPACE images were eliminated on FSD‐SPACE images. The FSD preparation resulted in slightly reduced aCNRw‐l (P = 0.025), but significantly improved aCNR between the wall and rb regions (P < 0.001) and larger aLA (P < 0.001). Compared to SB‐TSE, FSD‐SPACE offered comparable aCNRw‐l with much higher spatial resolution, shorter imaging time, and larger artery coverage. The LA and WA measurements from the two techniques were in good agreement based on intraclasss correlation coefficient (0.988 and 0.949, respectively; P < 0.001) and Bland‐Altman analyses.Conclusion:FSD‐SPACE is a time‐efficient 3D imaging technique for carotid arterial wall with superior spatial resolution and blood signal suppression. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:645–654. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeatability of magnetic resonance elastography for quantification of hepatic stiffness
Authors: Hines Catherine D.G. , Bley Thorsten A. , Lindstrom Mary J. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To determine the sources of variability of MRE hepatic stiffness measurements using healthy volunteers and patients and to calculate the minimum change required for statistical significance. Hepatic stiffness measured with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has demonstrated tremendous potential as a noninvasive surrogate of hepatic fibrosis, although the underlying repeatability of MRE for longitudinal tracking of liver disease has not been documented.Materials and Methods:MRE stiffness measurements from 20 healthy volunteers and 10 patients were obtained twice on the same day, and repeated 2–4 weeks later for volunteers in this institutional review board‐approved study. A linear mixed effects model was used to estimate the component sources of variability in the data.Results:The standard deviation of MRE measurements of the same individual on different days is 11.9% (percent of the measured stiffness) using the same reader and 12.0% using different readers. The standard deviation of the difference between two measurements (i.e., longitudinal change in an individual) is 17.4%; the corresponding 95% confidence interval for zero change is (−27.0%, 37.0%).Conclusion:MRE is a repeatable method for quantifying liver stiffness. Using the described MRE technique, changes greater than 37.0% of the smaller measured stiffness value represent meaningful changes in longitudinal liver stiffness measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:725–731. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of functional diffusion maps (fDMs) as a biomarker for human glioma cellularity
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Malkin Mark G. , Rand Scott D. , Connelly Jennifer M. , Quinsey Carolyn , LaViolette Pete S. , Bedekar Devyani P. , Schmainda Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To present comprehensive examinations of the assumptions made in functional diffusion map (fDM) analyses and provide a biological basis for fDM classification.Materials and Methods:Sixty‐nine patients with gliomas were enrolled in this study. To determine the sensitivity of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) to cellularity, cell density from stereotactic biopsy specimens was correlated with preoperative ADC maps. For definition of ADC thresholds used for fDMs, the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for changes in voxel‐wise ADC measurements in normal appearing tissue was analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity to progressing disease was examined using both radiographic and neurological criteria.Results:Results support the hypothesis that ADC is inversely proportional to cell density with a sensitivity of 1.01 × 10−7 [mm2/s]/[nuclei/mm2]. The 95% CI for white matter = 0.25 × 10−3 mm2/s, gray matter = 0.31 × 10−3 mm2/s, a mixture of white and gray matter = 0.40 × 10−3 mm2/s, and a mixture of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid = 0.75 × 10−3 mm2/s. Application of these measurements as ADC thresholds produce varying levels of sensitivity and specificity to disease progression, which were all significantly better than chance.Conclusion:This study suggests fDMs are valid biomarkers for brain tumor cellularity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:538–548. ©2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficients and distributed diffusion coefficients in high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Kwee Thomas C. , Galbán Craig J. , Tsien Christina , Junck Larry , Sundgren Pia C. , Ivancevic Marko K. , Johnson Timothy D. , Meyer Charles R. , Rehemtulla Alnawaz , Ross Brian D. , Chenevert Thomas L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose:To compare apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) with distributed diffusion coefficients (DDCs) in high‐grade gliomas.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients with high‐grade gliomas prospectively underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI. Traditional ADC maps were created using b‐values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. In addition, DDC maps were created by applying the stretched‐exponential model using b‐values of 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 s/mm2. Whole‐tumor ADCs and DDCs (in 10−3 mm2/s) were measured and analyzed with a paired t‐test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Bland‐Altman method.Results:Tumor ADCs (1.14 ± 0.26) were significantly lower (P = 0.0001) than DDCs (1.64 ± 0.71). Tumor ADCs and DDCs were strongly correlated (R = 0.9716; P < 0.0001), but mean bias ± limits of agreement between tumor ADCs and DDCs was −0.50 ± 0.90. There was a clear trend toward greater discordance between ADC and DDC at high ADC values.Conclusion:Under the assumption that the stretched‐exponential model provides a more accurate estimate of the average diffusion rate than the mono‐exponential model, our results suggest that for a little diffusion attenuation the mono‐exponential fit works rather well for quantifying diffusion in high‐grade gliomas, whereas it works less well for a greater degree of diffusion attenuation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:531–537. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Flow‐void” sign at MR imaging: A rare finding of extracranial head and neck schwannomas
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Kanematsu Masayuki , Mizuta Keisuke , Aoki Mitsuhiro , Kuze Bunya , Ohno Takatoshi , Oshima Koji , Hirose Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe authors present two cases of extracranial head and neck schwannomas that exhibited the “flow‐void” sign at MR imaging. In the described cases, MR images showed intratumoral signal voids, which corresponded to dilated vessels. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced CT also demonstrated dilated vessels within the tumors on the arterial phase and tumor parenchymal enhancement on the delayed phase. Histopathologic examinations of excised specimens revealed thin‐walled, dilated abnormal vessels with or without hyaline degeneration. Schwannoma should be considered when MR images demonstrate the “flow‐void” sign in extracranial head and neck tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:703–705. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.