bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic tool based on the antibody‐modified paramagnetic particles for detection of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in urine of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Zitka Ondrej , Krizkova Sona , Krejcova Ludmila , Hynek David , Gumulec Jaromir , Masarik Michal , Sochor Jiri , Adam Vojtech , Hubalek Jaromir , Trnkova Libuse , Kizek Rene 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGuanosine derivatives are important for diagnosis of oxidative DNA damage including 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) as one of the most abundant products of DNA oxidation. This compound is commonly determined in urine, which makes 8‐OHdG a good non‐invasive marker of oxidation stress. In this study, we optimized and tested the isolation of 8‐OHdG from biological matrix by using paramagnetic particles with an antibody‐modified surface. 8‐OHdG was determined using 1‐naphthol generated by alkaline phosphatase conjugated with the secondary antibody. 1‐Naphthol was determined by stopped flow injection analysis (SFIA) with electrochemical detector using a glassy carbon working electrode and by stationary electrochemical detection using linear sweep voltammetry. A special modular electrochemical SFIA system which needs only 10 μL of sample including working buffer for one analysis was completely designed and successfully verified. The recoveries in different matrices and analyte concentration were estimated. Detection limit (3 S/N) was estimated as 5 pg/mL of 8‐OHdG. This method promises to be very easily modified to microfluidic systems as “lab on valve”. The optimized method had sufficient selectivity and thus could be used for determination of 8‐OHDG in human urine and therefore for estimation of oxidative DNA damage as a result of oxidation stress in prostate cancer patients.
Ion-release kinetics and ecotoxicity effects of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Yong-Ju , Kim Jiwon , Oh Jeehyun , Bae Sujin , Lee Sungkyu , Hong In Seok , Kim Sang-Ho 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The environmental toxicity associated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been a major focus in nanotoxicology. The Ag+ released from AgNPs may affect ecotoxicity, although whether the major toxic effect is governed by Ag+ ions or by AgNPs themselves is unclear. In the present study, we have examined the ecotoxicity of AgNPs in aquatic organisms, silver ion-release kinetics of AgNPs, and their relationship. The 48-h median effective concentration (EC50) values for Daphnia magna of powder-type AgNP suspensions were 0.75 µg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71–0.78) total Ag and 0.37 µg/L (95% CI = 0.36–0.38) dissolved Ag. For sol-type AgNP suspension, the 48-h EC50 values for D. magna were 7.98 µg/L (95% CI = 7.04–9.03) total Ag and 0.88 µg/L (95% CI = 0.80–0.97) dissolved Ag. The EC50 values for the dissolved Ag of powder-type and sol-type AgNPs for D. magna showed similar results (0.37 µg/L and 0.88 µg/L) despite their differences of EC50 values in total Ag. We observed that the first-order rate constant (k) of Ag+ ions released from AgNPs was 0.0734/h at 0.05 mg/L total Ag at 22°C within 6 h. The kinetic experiments and the toxicity test showed that 36% and 11% of sol-type AgNPs were converted to the Ag+ ion form under oxidation conditions, respectively. Powder-type AgNPs showed 49% conversion rate of Ag+ ion from AgNPs. We also confirmed that Ag+ ion concentration in AgNP suspension reaches an equilibrium concentration after 48 h, which is an exposure time of the acute aquatic toxicity test. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:155–159. © 2011 SETAC
Effect of titanium dioxide nanomaterials and ultraviolet light coexposure on African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)
Authors: Zhang Junling , Wages Mike , Cox Stephen B. , Maul Jonathan D. , Li Yujia , Barnes Melanie , Hope-Weeks Louisa , Cobb George P. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanomaterials (nano-TiO2) exhibit stronger photochemical oxidation/reduction capacity compared with their bulk counterparts, but the effectiveness of nano-TiO2 interaction with ultraviolet (UV) light strongly depends on particle size. In this study, the dependence of nano-TiO2 toxicity on particle size and interaction with UV light were investigated. Toxicity tests with Xenopus laevis included eight concentrations of nano-TiO2 in the presence of either white light or UVA (315–400 nm). We quantified viability and growth of Xenopus laevis. Results showed that, regardless of UV light exposure, increasing TiO2 concentration decreased X. laevis survival (p &lt; 0.05). Coexposure to 5-nm TiO2 and UVA caused near-significant decreases in X. laevis survival (p = 0.08). Coexposure to 10-nm TiO2 and UVA significantly decreased X. laevis survival (p = 0.005). However, coexposure to 32-nm TiO2 and UVA had no statistical effect on X. laevis survival (p = 0.8). For all three particle sizes, whether alone or with UV light, the nano-TiO2 concentrations significantly affected growth of tadpoles as determined by total body length, snout–vent length, and developmental stage. High-concentration TiO2 solutions suppressed tadpole body length and delayed developmental stages. Further research to explore reasons for the growth and mortality in tadpoles is still underway in our laboratory. Given the widespread application of nano-TiO2, our results may be useful in the management of nano-TiO2 released from industrial, municipal, and nonpoint sources. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:176–183. © 2011 SETAC
Hippocampal contributions to the processing of social emotions
Authors: Immordino‐Yang Mary Helen , Singh Vanessa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractInducing and experiencing emotions about others' mental and physical circumstances is thought to involve self‐relevant processing and personal memories of similar experiences. The hippocampus is important for self‐referential processing during recall and prospection; however, its contributions during social emotions have not been systematically investigated. We use event‐related averaging and Granger causal connectivity mapping to investigate hippocampal contributions during the processing of varieties of admiration and compassion pertaining to protagonists' mental versus physical circumstances [admiration for virtue (AV) versus for skill; compassion for social/psychological pain (CSP) versus for physical pain]. Data were collected using a multistep emotion‐induction paradigm that included psychosocial interviews, BOLD fMRI, and simultaneous psychophysiological recording. Given that mnemonic demands were equivalent among conditions, we tested whether: (1) the hippocampi would be recruited more strongly and for a longer duration during the processing of AV and CSP; and (2) connectivity between the hippocampi and cortical systems involved in visceral somatosensation/emotional feeling, social cognitive, and self‐related processing would be more extensive during AV and CSP. Results elucidate the hippocampus' facilitative role in inducing and sustaining appropriate emotional reactions, the importance of self‐related processing during social emotions, and corroborate the conception that varieties of emotional processing pertaining to others' mental and physical situations engage at least partially distinct neural mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid and global detection and characterization of the constituents in ShengMai San by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐definition mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Sun Hui , Wei Wenfeng , Han Ying , Wang Ping , Dong Tianwei , Yan Guangli , Wang Xijun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–high definition mass spectrometry (UPLC‐HDMS) method was developed for detection and characterization of the chemical constituents in ShengMai San (SMS), a traditional Chinese medical formula (TCMF). The full‐scan LC‐MS/MS data sets combined with extra mass were acquired within 14 min using UPLC‐HDMS in the MSE mode in a single injection. As a result, 92 compounds were identified by comparing the accurate mass and fragments information with that of the authentic standards as well as by MS analysis and the correlative references data. These constituents included ginsenosides, lignans, steroidal saponins and homoisoflavanones. Among them, 25‐hydroxyginsenosides were discovered in SMS for the first time. Compare with the previous studies, our research detected more compounds and presented more rapid by applying UPLC‐HDMS. It is concluded that a rapid and effective method has been established based on UPLC‐HDMS with the utilization of MSE, which shows high sensitivity and resolution that is suitable for identifying the constituents of SMS, and this method could be applied to other TCMF.
Simultaneous determination of a selected group of cytostatic drugs in water using high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Martín Julia , Camacho‐Muñoz Dolores , Santos Juan L. , Aparicio Irene , Alonso Esteban 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing concern has risen about the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Despite their toxicity, increasing consumption and release into the municipal sewage, only a few studies have been focused on cytostatic drugs, mainly due to the lack of methods for their simultaneous analysis. In this work, a method, based on solid‐phase extraction prior to high‐performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry determination, was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of some (14) of the most widely used cytostatic drugs in river water, influent and effluent wastewater. Process efficiency was in the range between 41 and 99% in real samples, except for cytarabine (24%), docetaxel (17%) and methotrexate (30%), due to suppression effects; precision values were <11%, except for gemcitabine (up to 19%); and detection limits were in the range between 0.1 and 38 ng/L. Cytarabine, doxorubicin, etoposide, gemcitabine, iphosphamide and vinorelbine were found at concentration levels up to 14 ng/L in influent and effluent wastewater, showing an insignificant decrease during sewage treatment; cytarabine and gemcitabine were found in effluent wastewater and were also detected in river water associated with effluent discharges
Determination of insecticides in water using in situ halide exchange reaction‐assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Songqing , Gao Haixiang , Zhang Jiaheng , Li Yubo , Peng Bing , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) method using in situ halide exchange reaction to form ionic liquid (IL) extraction phase was developed to determine four insecticides (i.e. methoxyfenozide, tetrachlorvinphos, thiamethoxam, and diafenthiuron) in water samples. The preconcentration procedure, followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and variable wavelength detectors (VWD), enabled the formation of the immiscible IL extraction phase; the insecticides were transferred into the IL phase simultaneously, which enhanced the efficiency and sufficiency, greatly shortening the operation time. The experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including volume of extraction IL, extraction and centrifugation times, volume of the sample solution and exchanging reagent, and addition of organic solvent and salt were investigated and optimized. Under optimized conditions, the extractions yielded recoveries of the target analytes from 82 to 102%. The calibration curves were linear, and the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.9990 to 0.9999 under the concentration levels of 5–200 μg/L. The relative standard deviation (n=6) was 2.9–4.6%. The limits of detection (LODs) for the four insecticides were between 0.98 and 2.54 μg/L.
A priori estimates for two multiscale finite element methods using multiple global fields to wave equations
Authors: Jiang Lijian , Efendiev Yalchin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe consider a scalar wave equation with nonseparable spatial scales. If the solution of the wave equation smoothly depends on some global fields, then we can utilize the global fields to construct multiscale finite element basis functions. We present two finite element approaches using the global fields: partition of unity method and mixed multiscale finite element method. We derive a priori error estimates for the two approaches and theoretically investigate the relation between the smoothness of the global fields and convergence rates of the approximations for the wave equation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2011
Dem Wurmfraß auf der Spur
Authors: Gips Peter , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie Filiformkorrosion ist eine spezielle Form der Korrosion, die bei beschichtetem Aluminium und niedriglegierten Stählen auftritt. Im Zusammenspiel mit Wasser, Sauerstoff und sogenannten Startersalzen bilden sich Korrosionszellen zwischen der Metalloberfläche und der Beschichtung. Ausgehend von Kratzern oder anderen Beschädigungen der Beschichtung entstehen langsam fortschreitende fadenförmige Unterwanderungen, eine Erscheinung, die umgangssprachlich als Wurmfraß bezeichnet wird. Der vorgestellte Filiform‐Scanner wurde entwickelt, um eine objektive Beurteilung dieser Korrosionserscheinung zu ermöglichen. Sein aus einer Zeilenkamera mit integrierter Hellfeld‐Beleuchtung bestehender Messkopf liefert Aufnahmen hoher Qualität. Seine spezialisierte Software ermittelt objektiv die in internationalen Normen festgelegten Kenngrößen der Filiformkorrosion.
Detecting diabetes complications in children
Authors: Bertalan R , Gregory JW 
Published: October 2011

AbstractClinical symptoms of diabetes‐related complications are very rare in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Screening for complications aims to detect their presence shortly after development but before they cause clinically significant symptoms. Early detection of complications, alongside efforts to improve glycaemic control, can slow the progression of microvascular complications with consequently improved quality of life and life expectancy. An ideal screening programme should be evidence based and should include the majority of clinically important complications and associated diseases. Such programmes have been formulated by multidisciplinary bodies representing a number of specialist diabetes societies worldwide.The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of screening for diabetes complications and comorbidities in T1D in childhood and to review and compare the latest guidelines of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, American Diabetes Association, Canadian Diabetes Association, Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council, and the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 89)
Authors: Shrestha Santosh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Applied Physics Letters, Progress in Photovoltaics and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Santosh Shrestha at s.shrestha@unsw.edu.au. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐prescription of verapamil with a beta‐blocker
Authors: Spencer Rachel , Serumaga Brian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this series we present a number of prescribing safety indicators developed as part of an RCGP project.1 The evidence base behind each of the indicators is given along with information to illustrate their clinical significance. We provide a ‘real‐life’ audit based on the indicator to show how practices could begin to analyse their own prescribing data. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Design and implementation of a multiagent stock trading system
Authors: Kardas Geylani , Challenger Moharram , Yildirim Suleyman , Yamuc Ali 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYStock trading is one of the key items in an economy and estimating its behavior and taking the best decision in it are among the most challenging issues. Solutions based on intelligent agent systems are proposed to cope with those challenges. Agents in a multiagent system (MAS) can share a common goal or they can pursue their own interests. That nature of MASs exactly fits the requirements of a free market economy. Although existing studies include noteworthy proposals on agent‐based market simulation and researchers discuss theoretical design issues of agent‐based stock exchange systems, unfortunately only a very few of the studies consider exact development and implementation of multiagent stock trading systems within the software engineering perspective and guides to the software engineers for constructing such software systems starting from scratch. To fill this gap, in this paper, we discuss the development of a multiagent‐based stock trading system by taking into consideration software design according to a well‐defined agent oriented software engineering methodology and implementation with a widely‐used MAS software development framework. Each participant in the system is first designed as belief–desire–intention agents with their facts, goals, and plans, and then belief–desire–intention reasoning and behavioral structure of the designed agents are implemented. Lessons learned during design and development within the software engineering perspective and evaluation of the implemented multiagent stock exchange system are also reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life as a Pregnant Genetic Counselor: Take Two
Authors: Clark Kit 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPregnancy is not always an expected or happy event. When a woman is facing an unplanned pregnancy, it can be a very difficult emotional experience. As with any pregnancy, working in a prenatal setting can impact how a woman feels about and handles her pregnancy. Once again, one genetic counselor discusses her experiences, this time during a second, unplanned pregnancy.
Groundwater Scenario in Lakshadweep Islands
Authors: Najeeb K. Md , Vinayachandran N. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
There are 36 islands in Lakshadweep archipelago, of which 10 are inhabited. The study focuses on the hydrogeological conditions prevailing in nine of these inhabited islands. Groundwater is the major source of fresh water and the well density is high in the range of 296 to 620 per km2. The aspect ratios of these islands indicate that the shape of the islands have significant role on the stability of fresh water lens. The changes in water level do not reflect the real changes in the water resources as it is greatly influenced by tides. Moreover, the Ghyben-Herzberg relation in its ideal form does not hold good in these tiny oceanic islands. Hence, the rainfall recharge in the islands was assessed based on daily water budgeting. A relation between water surplus and annual rainfall could be established. This approach of recharge estimation could be applied for similar oceanic islands.
Gold in the Beach Placer Sands of Chavakkad-Ponnani, Kerala Coast, India
Authors: Nayak Bibhuranjan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although sporadic mining of placer gold from river beds is not uncommon in India, there is no documented literature on the occurrence of gold in the beach placer sand deposits of the country. While characterizing the heavy minerals of the Chavakkad-Ponnani (CP) beach placer sands along the North Kerala coast, the association of gold with the pyriboles in these sands has been observed. A native gold grain of about 25 μm was seen to occur as an inclusion within an amphibole of hornblendic composition. The pyriboles of the CP deposit are angular to sub-angular indicating a nearby provenance that may be in the upstream reaches of the Ponnani River in the districts of Malappuram and Palakkad or further north in the auriferous tracts of the Wynad-Nilambur or Attapadi regions. It is argued that the occurrence of native gold in CP deposit is not a freak occurrence and that it warrants thorough investigation of all the pyribole-ilmenite-rich placers to examine the possible presence of gold and its abundance in the beach placers of northern Kerala coast.
Intervention of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) in Resolving Hydrological Problems of a Semi Arid Granite Terrain of Southern India
Authors: Andrade Rolland 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been used in association with several geohydrological, geotechnical and geophysical methods in resolving several site specific problems in hydrological science. Advancement in the field of computers and automation in the field of electronics has jointly resulted in the development of this geophysical innovation which has wide application in groundwater, environmental and engineering problems including monitoring of vadose zone water movement, steam injection etc. In this paper application of ERT in association with geohydrological and other exploration methods in resolving groundwater sustainability problem of a micro-watershed area in semi arid granite terrain is presented as three independent cases. In a hard rock terrain the probability of complexities in understanding the sub-surface lithology and its corresponding hydrological parameters are more. Hence appropriate resistivity survey configuration and suitable inversion of acquired data in congregation with other geo-scientific investigations were carried out to understand the site specific problem. The study demonstrated as 3 independent cases shows the usefulness of the ERT method in hydrological investigations, which is economic, efficient and less time consuming in comparison to the other exploration methods.
Petrogenesis of Zincian Spinel from Mamandur Base Metal Sulphide Prospect, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Some Sandip , Thakur Animesh 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Zincian spinels (gahnites) from the Mamandur Zn-Pb-Cu prospect of the Southern Granulite Terrain have been studied. Gahnites in the quartzofeldspathic gneiss occur either as (a) porphyroblastic grains closely in association with cordierite and sphalerite or as (b) inclusions in poikiloblastic quartz grains, restricted within quartz veinlets. Compositionally these gahnites belong to two different clusters corresponding to two modes of occurrences. The origin of the porphyroblastic gahnites is linked with the process of desulphidation of sphalerite whereas those occurring as inclusions within poikiloblastic quartz are direct crystallisation products from silica rich hydrothermal solution. A new compositional field for this latter group of gahnites is proposed here.