bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are toad tadpoles unpalatable: evidence from the behaviour of a predatory dragonfly in South China
Authors: Karraker Nancy E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPredators are important determinants of amphibian community structure in aquatic habitats, and larval odonates can be significant predators of amphibian larvae. Despite their toxicity as adults, the palatability of bufonid eggs and tadpoles to vertebrate and invertebrate predators remains widely debated. I tested the palatability of hatchling tadpoles of the Asian common toad (Bufo melanosticus) and four other amphibians in Hong Kong to larvae of the dragonfly Pantala flavescens. Attempted predation of Bufo melanostictus hatchling tadpoles by P. flavescens resulted in 100% mortality of hatchlings, but none were consumed. All other amphibians were palatable to P. flavescens. Development of toxins may not protect early-stage bufonids from invertebrate predators that detect prey by visual cues and then make a debilitating strike. These findings present the first report of unpalatability of bufonid tadpoles to an invertebrate predator and provide evidence that unpalatability of early stage bufonids to odonates may decrease through ontogeny.
Framing Superiority and Closeness: Bridging the Class Gap in Philippine Electoral Politics
Authors: Rutten Rosanne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractContentious politics produces diverse leadership styles that may all be salient to a country’s electorate. This article explores key cultural frames that allow politicians to project both superiority and closeness to lower-class populations, hinged on different criteria of legitimacy. In the Philippine electoral arena, the established “patronage frame” is challenged by new political contenders who put forward the “oppression frame” of class politics, the “good governance” frame of liberal reformers, and the populist frame of media celebrities-turned-politicians. Given the salience of multiple frames, ordinary people may employ seemingly contradictory criteria of superiority and legitimacy and combine these effortlessly when they choose whom to vote for. This article suggests a social logic of frame diversity.
Anti-Elites as New Elites: Complexities of Elite Performance in Baffled Bolivia
Authors: Sologuren Ximena Soruco , Salman Ton 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article argues that recent political changes in Bolivia, leading to the first indigenous president in the country’s history being inaugurated in 2006, unsettled the traditional schemes of societal stratification, as well as the traditionally accepted markers of elite-hood. As a consequence, not only have new elites come to the fore, but they also modified the material, symbolic and political parameters with which elites demonstrate and affirm their position, leading to new searches for self-positioning as elites. Some sectors of the old elites developed an egoistic, revengeful subjectivity bringing bloodshed to the country. The new elite, on the contrary, is fragmented, confused and in part reluctant to perform as elite.
Evaluation of Water Stress Impact on the Parameter Values in Stomatal Conductance Models Using Tower Flux Measurement of a Boreal Aspen Forest
Authors: Wang Shusen 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The impact of water stress on plant stomatal conductance (g) has been widely studied but with little consensus as to the processes governing its responses. The photosynthesis-driven stomatal conductance models usually employ constant model parameters and attribute the decrease of g from water stress to the reduction of leaf photosynthesis. This has been challenged by studies showing that the model parameter values decrease when the plant is under water stress. In this study, the impact of plant water stress on the parameter values in stomatal conductance models is evaluated using the approach recently developed by S. Wang et al. and the tower flux measurements at a Canadian boreal aspen forest. Results show that the slope parameter (α) in the stomatal conductance models decreases substantially with the development of plant water stress. The magnitude of this reduction is dependent on how plant water stress is represented. Overall, the relative reduction of α from its maximum value is 28% when soil water content decreases from 0.38 to 0.18 m3 m−3, and is 38% when Bowen ratio increases from 0.25 to 3.5. Equations for α correction to account for water stress impacts are proposed. Further studies on different ecosystems are necessary to quantify the parameter variations with water stress among different climate regions and plant species.
General population low-count CLL-like MBL persists over time without clinical progression, although carrying the same cytogenetic abnormalities of CLL
Authors: Fazi Claudia , Scarfò Lydia , Pecciarini Lorenza , Cottini Francesca , Dagklis Antonis , Janus Agnieszka , Talarico Anna , Scielzo Cristina , Sala Cinzia , Toniolo Daniela , Caligaris-Cappio Federico , Ghia Paolo 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is classified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)–like, atypical CLL, and CD5− MBL. The number of B cells per microliter divides CLL-like MBL into MBL associated with lymphocytosis (usually detected in a clinical setting) and low-count MBL detected in the general population (usually identified during population screening). After a median follow-up of 34 months we reevaluated 76 low-count MBLs with 5-color flow cytometry: 90% of CLL-like MBL but only 44.4% atypical CLL and 66.7% CD5− MBL persisted over time. Population-screening CLL-like MBL had no relevant cell count change, and none developed an overt leukemia. In 50% of the cases FISH showed CLL-related chromosomal abnormalities, including monoallelic or biallelic 13q deletions (43.8%), trisomy 12 (1 case), and 17p deletions (2 cases). The analysis of the T-cell receptor β (TRBV) chains repertoire showed the presence of monoclonal T-cell clones, especially among CD4highCD8low, CD8highCD4low T cells. TRBV2 and TRBV8 were the most frequently expressed genes. This study indicates that (1) the risk of progression into CLL for low-count population-screening CLL-like MBL is exceedingly rare and definitely lower than that of clinical MBL and (2) chromosomal abnormalities occur early in the natural history and are possibly associated with the appearance of the typical phenotype.
Management of boys with abnormal appearance of meatus at circumcision for balanitis xerotica obliterans
Authors: Holbrook C , Tsang T 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to develop a standardised management plan for boys with abnormal appearance of meatus at circumcision for balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO). METHODS Between 1995 and 2008, 107 boys underwent circumcision for BXO (confirmed on histology). Of these, 23 had abnormal appearance of the meatus at operation; their case notes were reviewed for age, presenting symptoms, management, outcome and follow up. RESULTS The age range at operation was 3–15 years (mean: 9 years). Patients commonly presented with phimosis and balanitis. Seven patients had an additional procedure at circumcision: six had meatotomy, one had meatal dilatation. Thirteen were treated with topical steroid cream post-operatively. Eight of these (62%) subsequently required meatotomy. Three patients were observed and did not require further intervention. Meatotomy was required in 9 patients, 6–29 months after circumcision (mean: 11 months). Two patients required dilatation, including one with a previous intraoperative meatotomy, who required multiple dilatations. CONCLUSIONS We propose the following standardised management plan: 1. With clinical evidence of BXO at circumcision, prepuce should be sent for histology. 2. If BXO is confirmed but the meatus appears normal, patients should be seen once post-operatively to give information about meatal stenosis. 3. When the meatus appears scarred with a narrowed lumen at operation, a meatotomy should be performed, with follow up for at least two years. 4. If the lumen is scarred but adequate, patients should be followed up in clinic for the same period for possible development of stenosis. 5. Topical steroid cream can be considered for voiding discomfort without decreased urine stream.
The management of oesophageal soft food bolus obstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Leopard D , Fishpool S , Winter S 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION Oesophageal soft food bolus obstruction (OSFBO) is a surgical emergency. However, no national guidelines exist regarding its management. This paper systematically reviews the literature with respect to the management of OSFBO. METHODS Relevant studies included were identified from the the Cochrane Library, the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the US National Library of Medicine resources. A systematic review was performed on 8 November 2010. RESULTS This systematic review of the management of OSFBO shows no evidence that any medical intervention is more effective than a ‘watch and wait’ policy in enabling spontaneous disimpaction. Furthermore, the use of hyoscine butylbromide for OSFBO probably stems from a misquoted textbook. Surgical removal of an OSFBO is effective but not without potential risk. There is some evidence to support surgical intervention within 24 hours to prevent complications deriving from the initial obstruction. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for large double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trials of drugs used in the medical management of OSFBO. Until the results from such trials are available, the treatment of OSFBO will remain based on inconsistent clinical judgement.
Infective aneurysm of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Authors: Williamson JML , Cook JL , Jackson JE , Hocken DB 
Published: August 2011

Introduction Pancreaticoduodenal (PD) artery aneurysms account for less than 2% of all splanchnic aneurysms. A mycotic aetiology is extremely uncommon. Two weeks following an episode of sepsis related to a prostatic biopsy, a 59-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and anaemia. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an inferior PD artery pseudoaneurysm with an associated mesenteric root haematoma. This was treated successfully by transcatheter embolisation. Infective pseudoaneurysms of the PD artery are rare but can be associated with rupture into the gastrointestinal tract or retroperitoneum. Transcatheter embolisation remains the most effective therapy as it is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates and recurrence is very unlikely provided the aneurysm is completely excluded from the circulation.
Femoral artery occlusion with a percutaneous arterial closure device after a routine coronary angiogram: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hussain T , Al-Hamali S 
Published: August 2011

Groin vessels are most commonly used to obtain vascular access for angiography because of their size and accessibility. Haemostasis at the puncture site can be achieved with manual compression alone or by using a vascular closure device. We highlight the case of a 68-year-old woman who developed acute claudication in the right leg after a routine diagnostic coronary angiogram when an Angio-Seal™ device had been employed to close a relatively low arterial puncture. On exploring the common femoral artery, fragments of the device were found occluding the bifurcation. A patch angioplasty was carried out and the patient’s claudicant symptoms improved. The Angio-Seal™ device has a polylactide and polyglycolide polymer anchor, a collagen plug and a suture contained within a carrier system. Haemostasis is achieved by compressing the arterial puncture site between the anchor and the collagen plug. The manufacturer’s recommended criterion for using the device safely permits its use only for common femoral artery punctures with an internal vessel diameter of 4mm. Anatomical confirmation of the puncture site and evidence of any arterial disease or stenosis in the artery is detected on fluoroscopy during the procedure. Recent meta-analyses have cast doubt on the assumption that vascular closure devices are superior to mechanical compression alone and serious complications do occur occasionally but are under-reported. Clinicians should be aware of the potentially serious problems that may occur when deciding to employ vascular closure devices, especially with an anatomically low puncture site.
Fever-like temperature modification differentially affects in vitro signaling of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors
Authors: Leschner Jasmin , Ring Larisa , Feierler Jens , Dinkel Klaus , Jochum Marianne , Faussner Alexander 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The bradykinin (BK) B2 and B1 receptors (B2R, B1R) belong to the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in (patho)physiological processes such as blood pressure regulation or inflammation. They mediate the effects of the pro-inflammatory peptides bradykinin/kallidin and desArg9-BK/desArg10-kallidin, respectively. Whereas the B2R is constitutively expressed and gets internalized upon activation, the B1R is especially induced by inflammatory mediators and responds to stimulation with increased surface receptor numbers. Stimulation of both receptors activates phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Because inflammatory processes are characterized by heat (fever), we analyzed the effect of increased temperature (41°C vs. 37°C) on B1R and B2R signaling in HEK 293 and IMR 90 cells. Our results show that signaling of both receptors is temperature-sensitive, however to a different extent and with regard to the investigated pathways. Comparing PLCβ activity and Ca2+-regulated signals, a temperature-dependent increase was only observed for B1R but not for B2R activation, whereas MAPK activities were doubled at 41°C for both receptors. Taken together, our findings suggest that the observed temperature sensitivity of B1R-induced PLCβ activation is B1R-specific. In contrast, the enhanced stimulation of MAPK activity under hyperthermic conditions appears to be a common phenomenon for GPCRs.
Studies of intestinal morphology and cathepsin B expression in a transgenic mouse aiming at intestine-specific expression of Cath B-EGFP
Authors: Arampatzidou Maria , Mayer Kristina , Iolyeva Maria E. , Asrat Seblewongel Gebre , Ravichandran Mirunalini , Günther Thomas , Schüle Roland , Reinheckel Thomas , Brix Klaudia 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Cathepsin B has been shown to not only reside within endo-lysosomes of intestinal epithelial cells, but it was also secreted into the extracellular space of intestinal mucosa in physiological and pathological conditions. In an effort to further investigate the function of this protease in the intestine, we generated a transgenic mouse model that would enable us to visualize the localization of cathepsin B in vivo. Previously we showed that the A33-antigen promoter could be successfully used in vitro in order to express cathepsin B-green fluorescent protein chimeras in cells that co-expressed the intestine-specific transcription factor Cdx1. In this study an analog approach was used to express chi-meric cathepsin B specifically in the intestine of transgenic animals. No overt phenotype was observed for the transgenic mice that reproduced normally. Biochemical and morphological studies confirmed that the overall intestinal phenotype including the structure and polarity of this tissue as well as cell numbers and differentiation states were not altered in the A33-CathB-EGFP mice when compared to wild type animals. However, transgenic expression of chimeric cathepsin B could not be visualized because it was not translated in situ although the transgene was maintained over several generations.
Analysis of the autoproteolytic activity of the recombinant helper component proteinase from zucchini yellow mosaic virus
Authors: Boonrod Kajohn , Füllgrabe Marc W. , Krczal Gabi , Wassenegger Michael 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The multifunctional helper component proteinase (HC-Pro) of potyviruses contains an autoproteolytic function that, together with the protein 1 (P1) and NIa proteinase, processes the polyprotein into mature proteins. In this study, we analysed the autoproteolytic active domain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) HC-Pro. Several Escherichia coli-expressed MBP:HC-Pro:GFP mutants containing deletions or point mutations at either the N- or C-terminus of the HC-Pro protein were examined. Our results showed that amino acids essential for the proteolytic activity of ZYMV HC-Pro are distinct from those of the tobacco etch virus HC-Pro, although the amino acid sequences in the proteolytic active domain are conserved among potyviruses.
Kants kopernikanisch-newtonische Analogie
Authors: Schönecker Dieter , Schulting Dennis , Strobach Niko 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
There is hardly an analogy in the history of philosophy that has been referred to as often as the one that Kant himself draws in the second preface of the Critique of pure reason between Copernicus′ revolution in astronomy and his own revolution in metaphysics; and yet there is to the present day no detailed analysis thereof. The analogy is much more complex than meets the superficial eye: In the first passage (B XVI f.), Kant does not draw a simple comparison to Copernicus′ famous heliocentric hypothesis (if he refers to it at all). In the second passage (B XXII, Anm.), Kant connects the reference to Copernicus with a reference to Newton by drawing an extremely rich analogy between the law of gravitation and the moral law of freedom. The revolution in metaphysics is related to the revolution in ethics; that famous analogy of Kant really is a Copernican-Newtonian analogy.
Die Körper-Leib-Differenz von Personen: Exzentrische Positionalität und homo absconditus
Authors: Krüger Hans-Peter 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The conceptual distinction between what it is to be a body (Leibsein) and what it is to have a body (Körperhaben) was first construed by the philosophical anthropologist Helmuth Plessner.
This article deals with two common problems within the German discourse on the theme.
The first derives from a misunderstanding that the 3 categories body, living body, and person signify distinct entities, whilst what Plessner is actually referring to is the various modes in which a person′s life is led. Neither the modes of body nor living body has primacy per se, and the person lives by doubling itself into a public and private person situated in a shared world (Mitwelt) outside of centric correlations (ex-centric).
The second point of contention relates to Plessner′s methodology in developing the distinction between Leib and Körper. He believed in combining a plurality of methods in accordance with the phenomenon, its understanding, and the stances or positionings taken up by living persons. The indeterminacy and unfathomability of persons in the leading of their lives emerges from the variety of their perspectives and changing historical aspects. It is only the invalid extension of these perspectives and aspects to the whole of the future that leads to false promises – to the animal ideologicum who is unable to endure its questionability. The homo absconditus, by contrast, lives in scepticism of positive absolutisms. The questionability of his form of life keeps him open.
Der menschliche Leib von der Mitwelt her gedacht
Authors: Lindemann Gesa 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The living body (Leib) in the phenomenological tradition tends to be thought of as the living body of the acting and perceiving subject, which is then analyzed by way of subjective self-reflection. Plessner′s concept of the living body differs in two ways from this view predominant in phenomenology. First, Plessner does not approach the living body in terms of a reflection of subjective experience, but rather he seeks to understand from the outside the fact that there is an ego that experiences his or her living body. Second, Plessner′s theory of excentric positionality regards the structure of bodily experience from the perspective of the Shared world (Mitwelt), i.e., the relationship to the other. Thus the starting point of his analysis of experience is not the living body, but the living body as shaped by the Shared world (Mitwelt). Plessner′s theoretical program can serve as a foundation for integrating social theory and the analysis of the history of the living body, as developed in Hermann Schmitz′ work on the history of bodily experience as well as in Barbara Duden and Thomas Laqueur′s work on the history of the body.
Die Eigenart des Tötens
Authors: Bahr Hans-Dieter 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Überlegungen in diesem Beitrag zielen nicht, wie die gängigen Diskurse über das Töten, auf die vielfältigen Motive und Erwartungen, weshalb Menschen Menschen töten, sondern auf die Frage, auf was das Töten selbst geht. Einleitend wird dieser Frage anhand einer Erzählung Franz Kafkas, “Brudermord”, nachgegangen, um von ihr aus die dem Töten innewohnende Weise des Nihilismus zu erörtern.
Töten als Rechtsakt. Zur Geschichte der Hinrichtung
Authors: Schild Wolfgang 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Tötung eines anderen Menschen ist unbestritten Unrecht. Doch finden sich bis heute Ausnahmen von diesem Verbot (Notwehr, finaler Todesschuss der Polizei, Krieg), in der Geschichte vor allem die öffentliche Hinrichtung, der die Ausführungen gewidmet sind. Dabei werden drei Formen oder Gestalten unterschieden, die einerseits idealtypisch charakterisiert werden, andererseits aber auch in der geschichtlichen Entwicklung einander abgelöst haben. Dargestellt werden die Vernichtung des Schädlichen, die Errettung des Sünders durch bußfertige Hinnahme des Getötetwerdens und die maschinelle Herbeiführung des gesetzlich angeordneten Todes (am Beispiel der Guillotine).
Auf Leben und Tod. Töten als Attraktion
Authors: Eickhoff Hajo 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Töten wird unter der Perspektive der Attraktion betrachtet. Angreifer stellen eine kritische Nähe zu Lebewesen her, überschreiten deren Grenze und trennen von ihnen ab, was sie lebendig sein lässt. Dieses Töten als Trennen von Verbundenem eint die Seinsbereiche Physik, Chemie, Biologie und Kultur. Untersucht werden die verschiedenen Attraktionen, zu töten. Tiere töten, um sich zu ernähren, können aber artgleiche Tiere töten, wenn sie ein Areal oder eigene Gene sichern müssen. Menschen entwickeln kulturelle Attraktionen des Tötens wie Völkermord, Töten aus Hass, Rache oder Machtgewinn. Die Abwehr von Attraktionen des Tötens im Pazifismus und des Tötens von Tieren, sogar von Pflanzen, sind Anregungen für Wege in eine Globalgesellschaft.
Der Mord am inneren Objekt: Tötungs- und Selbsttötungsphantasien in der Psychodynamik Suizidaler
Authors: Gerisch Benigna 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ausgearbeitet, dass die psychoanalytisch orientierte Suizidologie, an Freuds Arbeit “Trauer und Melancholie” anknüpfend, nicht nur den komplexen Zusammenhang von Auslöser und unbewusste Konfliktthematik des Suizidalen differenziert, sondern mittels der genuin psychoanalytischen Technik der Übertragungs- und Gegenübertragungsanalyse die Tiefendimension der bewussten und unbewussten Phantasien der suizidalen Dynamik auszuloten vermag. Auf diese Weise lässt sich der rasante Wechsel von Tötungs- und Selbsttötungsphantasien plastisch untersuchen, der pointiert in Freuds Suizid-Formel vom Mord am inneren Objekt zum Ausdruck kommt. Ferner werden der Aspekt der Sprachlosigkeit suizidaler Selbstzerstörungspassionen und die eklatante Bedeutung des ‘suizidalen’ Körpers als Leibbühne konflikthafter Objektbeziehungsszenarien dargestellt. Eine Falldarstellung, anhand derer die Dialektik von Selbstvervollkommnung und Selbstzerstörung exemplifiziert wird, rundet den Beitrag ab.