bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of hybrid N2O in a suspended soil due to co‐denitrification of NH2OH
Authors: Spott Oliver , Florian Stange Claus 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA few studies have shown that amine compounds (e.g., hydroxylamine) can be co‐metabolically introduced into the reaction pathway of denitrification. During this microbial process, the N atom of the amine species is bound to a N atom of nitrite. In case of hydroxylamine, this concomitant reaction ultimately results in the formation of hybrid N2O. Due to its co‐metabolic character the process has been termed co‐denitrification. Hybrid N2O production during co‐denitrification has been proven to occur in prokaryotic (e.g., Pseudomonas sp.) as well as eukaryotic (e.g., Fusarium sp.) species. Many of them are already well‐known as common denitrifiers. However, until now no clear evidence has been provided to show that N2O production by co‐denitrification really takes place in a soil. In the present study, a formation of hybrid N2O was revealed by an adapted 15N‐tracer model, when both hydroxylamine and 15N‐nitrate were applied (mol ratio 10:1) to an anaerobically incubated soil suspension from a Haplic Chernozem. The presence of hybrid N2O was also indicated by a novel characteristic factor (Rbinom) developed for a hybrid‐N‐N‐gas detection. By contrast, no hybrid N2O was found when either an autoclaved soil suspension, only nitrate or only hydroxylamine was used. Thus, it appears that hybrid‐N2O formation occurred due to co‐denitrification of hydroxylamine. Hence, this is the first study which demonstrates hybrid‐N2O production by co‐denitrification beyond a microbial species level. The 15N‐tracer model revealed that under the given experimental conditions N2O production by co‐denitrification prevailed against N2O from denitrification and abiotic hydroxylamine decomposition. In addition, a formation of hybrid N2 was also calculated by the model. However, the experimental results lead to the conclusion that it was most likely caused by a reduction of hybrid N2O due to conventional denitrification.
Relation between soil organic matter and yield levels of nonlegume crops in organic and conventional farming systems
Authors: Brock Christopher , Fließbach Andreas , Oberholzer Hans‐Rudolf , Schulz Franz , Wiesinger Klaus , Reinicke Frank , Koch Wernfried , Pallutt Bernhard , Dittman Bärbel , Zimmer Jörg , Hülsbergen Kurt‐Jürgen , Leithold Günter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between yield levels of nonleguminous crops and soil organic matter (SOM) under the specific conditions of organic and conventional farming, respectively, and to identify implications for SOM management in arable farming considering the farming system (organic vs. conventional). For that purpose, correlations between yield levels of nonlegume crops and actual SOM level (Corg, Nt, Chwe, Nhwe) as well as SOM‐level development were examined including primary data from selected treatments of seven long‐term field experiments in Germany and Switzerland. Yield levels of nonlegume crops were positively correlated with SOM levels, but the correlation was significant only under conditions of organic farming, and not with conventional farming treatments.While absolute SOM levels had a positive impact on yield levels of nonlegumes, the yield levels of nonlegumes and SOM‐level development over time correlated negatively. Due to an increased demand of N from SOM mineralization, higher yield levels of nonlegumes obviously indicate an increased demand for OM supply to maintain SOM levels. Since this observation is highly significant for farming without mineral‐N fertilization but not for farming with such fertilization, we conclude that the demand of SOM‐level maintenance or enhancement and thus adequate SOM management is highly relevant for crop production in organic farming both from an agronomical and ecological point of view. Under conventional management, the agronomic relevance of SOM with regard to nutrient supply is much lower than under organic management. However, it has to be considered that we excluded other possible benefits of SOM in our survey that may be highly relevant for conventional farming as well.
Helping first‐generation college students succeed
Authors: Shelton Charlita 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFirst‐generation college students are traditionally defined as students whose parents did not attend college and have a high school education or less. These students, an ever increasing part of the college and university demographic, face many challenges, including educational persistence, precollege academic preparation, and financing their college education, and they are less likely to obtain a bachelor's degree compared to their non‐first‐generation counterparts. This article reviews the demographics and challenges of first‐generation college students and makes recommendations for good practices that aid their educational persistence or retention and college success.
Personal issues affecting clergy competency: Barriers to resolution and resources available
Authors: Oraker Jim , Malmstrom Frederick , Roby Emily 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article draws from a survey of pastors regarding their careers as healers. The purpose was to identify personal and health issues affecting clergy competency and their barriers to seeking help and to help develop resources to assist them. An earlier survey of psychologists with personal and health issues threatening their competency was modified to better serve pastors, while keeping the content consistent to the purpose of the research. Both pastors and psychologists provide help in time of trouble, work with belief systems, and provide intervention. Both rely on interpersonal helping skills and acknowledge the importance of ethical principles. Finally, a training program is suggested, designed to train senior ministry‐partners to serve as resources for pastors in need of help.
Postharvest technology for developing countries: challenges and opportunities in research, outreach and advocacy
Authors: Kitinoja Lisa , Saran Sunil , Roy Susanta K , Kader Adel A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article discusses the needs and challenges of developing good, science‐based, simple methods for postharvest handling that can be made available in developing countries. Some of the traditional challenges have been successfully met (i.e. identifying causes and sources of losses for key crops, identifying many potential postharvest technologies of practical use for reducing losses), but many challenges remain. These include the characterization of indigenous crops in terms of their unique postharvest physiology (e.g. respiration rate, susceptibility to water loss, chilling sensitivity, ethylene sensitivity), ascertaining the differences between handling recommendations made for well‐known varieties and the needs of local varieties of crops, and determining cost effectiveness of scale‐appropriate postharvest technologies in each locale and for each crop. Key issues include building capacity at the local level in postharvest science, university teaching and extension, and continued adaptive research efforts to match emerging postharvest technologies to local needs as these continue to change over time. Development of appropriate postharvest technology relies upon many disciplines that are relevant to the overall success of horticulture, i.e. plant biology, engineering, agricultural economics, food processing, nutrition, food safety, and environmental conservation. The expanding pool of new information derived from postharvest research and outreach efforts in these areas can lead in many directions which are likely to have an impact on relieving poverty in developing countries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel approach to improve the detection of colchicine via online coupling of ionic liquid‐based single‐drop microextraction with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Qing , Qiu Hongdeng , Li Jing , Han Haifeng , Liu Xia , Jiang Shengxiang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel approach based on ionic liquid‐single‐drop microextraction (IL‐SDME) online coupling with capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine a toxic alkaloid – colchicine. The IL‐SDME procedure was optimized by extraction solvent, drop volume controlling, sample volume and pH, extraction time, and ionic strength. Under optimum conditions, enrichment factor was as much as 41‐fold with a relative standard deviation of 2.8% (n=3). Linear range of response was observed from 1 to 100 μg/mL, with detection limit of 0.25 μg/mL and correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9994. The extraction of colchicine from spiked Lanzhou lily sample was performed and obtaining good result with an average recovery rate of 102.4 and 98.8% at 5 and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Comparing with the previous methods, IL‐SDME‐CE is really a convenient, economical, and environmentally benign way for determining colchicine.
Practical relevance of knowledge management and intellectual capital scholarly research: Books as knowledge translation agents
Authors: Serenko Alexander , Bontis Nick , Hull Emily 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo enhance our understanding of the relevance of knowledge management/intellectual capital (KM/IC) academic research, this study explores the sources authors utilize to develop their book content. Ten prominent KM/IC book authors were interviewed to identify if and how the KM/IC academic literature is being disseminated through books. It was confirmed that the body of knowledge present in peer‐reviewed journals is utilized in the development of book/textbook content. Thus, books serve as knowledge translation agents through which academic literature is summarized, aggregated, and transformed into a format that may be easily comprehended by non‐academics. In addition to peer‐reviewed journals, KM/IC book authors utilize other sources, including personal research, experts' opinions, personal experience, practitioner magazines, conferences, books, and informal discussions with academics. The model, which was developed within this study, demonstrates that the book's target audience and author's motivation serve as a pure moderator of the relationship between the available content sources and actual book content. Books targeted to practitioners and inspired by a desire to bring theory to practice are based on the author's personal experience and contain many non‐peer reviewed sources, whereas books written for academic readers have content that is mostly derived from peer‐reviewed journals, books, and the author's personal research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effort based performance measurement in business process management
Authors: Glykas Michael Markos 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a holistic methodology and associated toolset for business process modelling and analysis. The importance of integrating performance measurement (PM) indicators and tools in business process management has been identified in the literature as well as contemporary approaches that attempt to give a solution to this problem. However, most of these approaches propose solutions based on theories and techniques used in other disciplines or research fields which approach the issue of performance measurement in BPR from their individualistic perspective. In the majority of cases the proposed theories and techniques prove to be inadequate to measure performance holistically and integrate, organizational, human resource management, process management and workflow management concepts. The resulting methodology and toolset is based on business analysis ratios that define and measure key performance indicators in qualitative and quantitative terms and identify the relationships between them. These ratios allow enterprises to achieve a performance evaluation tool for continuous improvement in their attempt to respond and adapt quickly to turbulent markets. The performance measurement toolset (called ADJUST) is used for (1) planning different reorganization scenarios for the achievement of desired performance, (2) for assessing real time performance and (3) reporting deviations from desired planned performance.In order to monitor and assess real time performance the ADJUST software tool provides interfaces to three kinds of management tool categories, namely:

Process management tools (PMT): business models, cycle time, primitive cost, etc.
Human resource management (HRM) tools: job descriptions, performance measures, etc.
Workflow management (WFM) tools: transactions, business rules, workflow models, etc.
The ADJUST business analysis engine is based on employee effort analysis and provides meta‐analysis of data analysed in PMT and HRM tools. Data like activity sequencing, cycle times, primitive costing, etc. from PMT tools are analysed in ADJUST in order to assess the percentage of high‐business and low value added activities, mission‐non mission activities, concentration analysis, etc. Knowledge management elements are integrated to job descriptions and associated with performance measures and workflow elements. Similarly, job descriptions and performance measurement data that are provided by HRM tools are analysed further in terms of cost to manage, principal‐agent analysis etc. In the case of WFM tools the ADJUST system provides not only meta‐analysis of workflow processes, transactions and document flows but also dynamic monitoring of their performance in real time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An AHP‐based framework for selecting knowledge management tools to sustain innovation process
Authors: Grimaldi Michele , Rippa Pierluigi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a framework based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology to select the most appropriate set of Knowledge Management (KM) tools to support the innovation processes in organizations. The framework builds on the theoretical foundations underlying organizational KM to identify key KM processes enabling innovation. The AHP is a multi‐criteria decision support technique that can be used to analyse and compare those KM tools that best support innovation processes. Organizations can select the most suitable KM tool by using the proposed framework to identify gaps and overlaps in the extent to which the capabilities provided and utilized by their current KM tools portfolio meet the KM needs of the organization to sustain the innovation. The main contributions of this work are the list of KM processes to support an innovation activity and the hierarchy of importance of such processes able to support the selection process of a KM tool. The framework can be of use to managers and other practitioners because of its ease of implementation. An illustrative example of a case study for the application of the framework is provided. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A typology of knowledge sharing networks in practice
Authors: Verburg Robert M. , Andriessen Erik J.H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractKnowledge intensive organizations often rely on knowledge sharing networks. Such networks, often called ‘communities of practice’ are found in many organizations but their forms and functions appear to be quite diverse. In this article we determine and discuss a number of basic types of knowledge networks. A literature analysis and a study of 38 networks in large organizations yielded two dimensions of networks, institutionalization and proximity. On the basis of these dimensions four basic types of knowledge networks were discerned: strategic networks, informal networks, question and answer networks, and on‐line strategic networks. The recognition of this variety of knowledge networks highlights the different ways in which knowledge sharing and creating can be organized and shows that these different forms of organizing require different technological and organizational support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromyographic and histologic evolution of the recurrent laryngeal nerve from transection and anastomosis to mature reinnervation
Authors: Pitman Michael J. , Weissbrod Philip , Roark Rick , Sharma Sansar , Schaefer Steven D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives:To describe the natural evolution of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) reinnervation in an animal model.Study Design:Twenty Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral RLN transection and anastomosis. Animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. Prior to sacrifice, each rat underwent electromyography (EMG) and visual grading of vocal fold motion. Bilateral RLNs were harvested and evaluated histologically.Results:EMG revealed synkinetic reinnervation at all time periods except at 4 weeks. EMG evolution plateaued at 16 weeks. Vocal fold motion was slight in three rats at 4 weeks but was otherwise absent except for one rat at 12 weeks. Histologic changes of the axons and their myelin sheaths were consistent at each time period. At 16 weeks, histologic changes plateaued.Conclusions:Consistent EMG, histologic, and vocal fold motion changes occur at specific time periods during RLN reinnervation after transection and anastomosis in a rat model. Reinnervation is mature at 16 weeks. Findings corroborate theories of preferential and synkinetic reinnervation after RLN transection. Use of a rat model to investigate the effect of interventions on RLN reinnervation requires a minimum of 16 weeks between transection and investigation to allow for maturation of reinnervation. Laryngoscope, 2011
Principles of inner ear sustained release following intratympanic administration
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Dellamary Luis , Fernandez Rayne , Ye Qiang , LeBel Carl , Piu Fabrice 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:Previous studies revealed that intratympanic administration of the steroid dexamethasone in poloxamer 407 hydrogel, a class of thermoreversible polymers, resulted in significant and durable exposure in the inner ear. Interestingly, varying the concentrations of the poloxamer vehicle and of the steroid impacted the pharmacokinetic profile of dexamethasone in the perilymphatic compartment. Here, the respective contributions of different vehicles (aqueous solution, poloxamer hydrogel) and steroid drugs (dexamethasone, methylprednisolone) were investigated. In particular, various forms of the steroids, discriminated by their aqueous solubility, were compared.Study Design:In vitro studies characterized the gelation profile and drug release kinetics of the various formulations. The inner ear pharmacokinetic profile of the different formulations was investigated in guinea pigs.Results:Drugs formulated in poloxamer 407 shared significantly more prolonged exposure than those formulated in aqueous solutions both in vitro and in vivo in the inner ear. Furthermore, drugs with low aqueous solubility yielded increased degree and duration of exposure in the inner ear relative to water‐soluble drugs.Conclusions:The inner ear pharmacokinetic profile of drugs administered intratympanically is not only highly dependent upon the nature of the vehicle but also upon the physicochemical properties of the drug delivered. Laryngoscope, 2011
Soft palate sensory neuropathy in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Sunnergren Ola , Broström Anders , Svanborg Eva 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/ Hypothesis:In general, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) seems to be a progressive disorder whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. One hypothesis is that long‐standing snoring vibrations cause a local neuropathy in the upper airway, which predisposes to obstructive events during sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate sensory function in the upper airway in a cohort of subjects comprising nonsnorers, snorers, and untreated subjects with OSA, and to correlate data to apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and duration of snoring.Study Design:Cross‐sectional cohort study.Methods:Subjects were recruited from primary care hypertension clinics. Whole‐night respiratory recordings were performed to determine presence and degree of OSA. Three groups were formed based on AHI and snoring history: 1) nonsnorers (n = 25); 2) snorers, AHI < 10 (n = 32); 3) OSA subjects, AHI ≥ 10 (n = 33). Quantitative cold sensory testing of the soft palate and lip was used to assess neuropathy.Results:There were no significant differences concerning lip sensory function between groups. Nonsnorers showed significantly lower thresholds for cold (i.e., better sensitivity) in the soft palate compared to both other groups (P < .01). Snorers had lower thresholds than OSA subjects (P < .05). There were significant correlations (P < .01) between decreased sensory function and AHI (rs = .41) and to duration of snoring (rs = .47).Conclusions:The degree of sensory neuropathy in the upper airway correlates with degree of obstructive sleep disorder. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that snoring vibrations may cause a neuropathy in the upper airway, which contributes to the progression and development of OSA. Laryngoscope, 2011
Low‐stage computed tomography chronic rhinosinusitis: What is the role of endoscopic sinus surgery?
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Mace Jess , Smith Timothy 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To measure the change in quality‐of‐life (QoL) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with medically recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and minimally affected computed tomography (CT) scans of the paranasal sinuses.Study Design:Prospective, multicenter cohort study at three academic, tertiary care centers.Methods:A total of 778 patients with CRS were enrolled between January 2001 and April 2009 after electing ESS. For the purposes of this analysis, patients with nasal polyposis, history of prior sinus surgery, or follow‐up <6 months were excluded. Final study patients were categorized as low‐stage CT CRS (Lund‐Mackay ≤3; n = 17) and high‐stage CT CRS (Lund‐Mackay >3; n = 207). Primary outcome measures included two disease‐specific QoL instruments: the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index and the Chronic Sinusitis Survey.Results:In patients with low‐stage CT CRS, a statistically significant improvement was found across all disease‐specific QoL scores (all P ≤ .012), with the exception of the CSS medication usage subscale (P = .073). These QoL improvements were comparable to those in patients with high‐stage CT CRS.Conclusions:Some patients will present with CRS that is refractory to medical therapy even though their CT demonstrates relatively minimal disease. Based on the results of this study, ESS is associated with improved QoL in patients with low‐stage CT CRS and can provide significant benefit to carefully selected patients with minimally affected CT scans. Laryngoscope, 2011
Power management adaptation techniques for video transmission over TFRC
Authors: Bouras Christos , Gkamas Apostolos , Kapoulas Vaggelis , Papapanagiotou Vassilis , Stamos Kostas , Zaoudis Giannis 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we describe power management adaptation techniques for wireless video transmission using the TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) protocol that take into account feedback about the received video quality and try to intelligently adapt transmitting power accordingly. The purpose of the mechanisms is to utilize TFRC feedback and thus achieve a beneficial balance between power consumption and the received video quality. There are two power adaptation mechanisms proposed, each one with its own advantages. They both offer significant improvements when used in terms of both power consumption and received video quality. We use simulation in order to compare and evaluate our approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.