bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Auditory Interventions for Central Auditory Processing Disorder: A Response to Fey et al. (2011)
Authors: Bellis Teri James , Chermak Gail D. , Weihing Jeffrey , Musiek Frank E. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
To provide a commentary on “Auditory Processing Disorder and Auditory/Language Interventions: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review” by Fey et al. (2011).

Method
Examination of the conclusions drawn by Fey et al. (2011) in the context of the American Academy of Audiology (2010a, 2010b) and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2005a, 2005b, 2005c) guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of auditory processing disorder, the evidence cited therein, and other pertinent published reports.

Results
The review provided by Fey et al. (2011) is limited due to the exclusion of pertinent efficacy studies from their analysis, inclusion of studies that did not employ strictly auditory-based therapies, and lack of well-defined experimental groups in many of the studies cited. Further, the questions posed by their literature review may not have addressed the efficacy of true auditory interventions in the remediation of auditory difficulties in children who have primary deficits in central auditory processing.

Conclusion
A more comprehensive review than that done by Fey et al. (2011) would have better addressed the fundamental question of the efficacy of direct remediation activities for children with central auditory processing disorder.
Managing Stuttering Beyond the Preschool Years
Authors: Nippold Marilyn A. , Packman Ann 
Published: July 2012

Purpose
This prologue serves to introduce a research forum composed of studies that address the topic of stuttering in school-age children and adolescents. Researchers are encouraged to continue to build the knowledge base that sustains evidence-based practice in this area.

Method
The nature of stuttering as it evolves from early childhood into the school years is briefly described. Beyond the preschool years, children are unlikely to spontaneously recover from stuttering, and they often go on to suffer negative consequences, academically and socially, because of their disorder. If they are to overcome or manage their stuttering successfully, school-age children and adolescents require high-quality treatment. Three data-based studies that address the topic of stuttering in school-age children or adolescents are described, the ongoing need for empirical evidence regarding the management of stuttering is emphasized, and several issues relevant to future studies in this area are discussed.

Conclusion
Progress has occurred in the management of stuttering in school-age children and adolescents. Nevertheless, important questions remain unanswered concerning the most effective techniques and strategies to use in helping students who stutter achieve more fluent and natural-sounding speech in their quest to become more confident and effective communicators.
Obestatin does not modify weight and nutritional behaviour but is associated with metabolic syndrome in old women
Authors: Mora Mireia , Granada Maria L. , Roca Maria , Palomera Elisabet , Puig Rocio , Serra‐Prat Mateu , Puig‐Domingo Manel 
Published: July 2012

SummaryObjectiveGhrelin and obestatin have apparent opposite orexigenic and anorexigenic effects, although the latter has not been firmly demonstrated in humans. So far, little data have been reported in relation to its potential association with metabolic syndrome (MS). The objective was to study obestatin concentrations in relation to nutritional parameters and eating behaviours in old women.Design, Patients and MeasurementsProspective study; a total of 110 women (age: 76·93 ± 6·32) from the Mataró Ageing Study were included. Individuals were characterized by anthropometric variables, lipids, glucose, blood pressure, MS components (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria), anorexia and nutritional status by Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF) and re‐evaluated at 2‐year follow‐up. Obestatin was measured by IRMA.Results58·2% of the subjects had MS; at 2‐year follow‐up 24·1% had a weight loss >5%, 7·2% >10%, and 26·4% changed their MNA‐SF score to risk of malnutrition category. Anorexia was present in 38·4%. Obestatin levels were not related to either change of weight, MNA‐SF or anorexia, but a positive correlation was found with the absolute difference between basal and 2‐year waist circumference (WC) (r = 0·429; P < 0·001) and relative difference between basal and 2‐year WC (r = 0·420; P < 0·001); both remained significant after adjusting for age and body mass index. When obestatin was divided into quartiles, a significant lineal trend was observed in relation to WC (P = 0·049), absolute and relative difference between basal and 2‐year WC (both P < 0·001). Obestatin was associated with glucose impairment (69·0% in 4th quartile vs 47·5% in 1st to 3rd, P = 0·047; after adjustment, P = 0·098) and MS (77·8% in 4th vs 51·3% in 1st to 3rd, P = 0·017; after adjustment, P = 0·046, OR 2·90 (1·02–8·25) 4th vs 1st to 3rd).ConclusionsObestatin is elevated in aged women bearing MS but is otherwise not associated with other nutritional parameters, weight loss or anorexia.
Differential concentration and time dependent effects of progesterone on kinase activity, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa
Authors: Sagare‐Patil V. , Galvankar M. , Satiya M. , Bhandari B. , Gupta S. K. , Modi D. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryProgesterone has been identified to be one of the physiological regulators of sperm hyperactivation and acrosome reaction. However, the high sensitivity of human spermatozoa to progesterone implies that many may undergo premature hyperactivation and acrosome reaction thereby compromising their ability to fertilize. We hypothesized that if a spermatozoon has to preclude the occurrence of these events prematurely, there should be differential dose‐ and time‐dependent effects on motility and acrosome reaction. We observed that low concentrations of progesterone (10 and 100 nm) induce sperm motility and activate tyrosine kinase; higher concentrations (1–10 μm) are required to induce extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2), p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK1) and AKT phosphorylation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction. The induction of acrosome reaction and tyrosine phosphorylation in response to higher concentration of progesterone is not absolutely dependent on activation of T‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel or CatSper as Mibefradil did not completely abrogate progesterone‐mediated effects. These results imply that although the spermatozoa are sensitive to low concentrations of progesterone, they only activate motility and tyrosine kinase activation; higher concentrations are required to induce hyperactivation and acrosome reaction probably by activating multiple kinase pathways including the MAPK and AKT.
Measuring and modelling body mass index among a cohort of urban children living with disadvantage
Authors: Hollywood Eleanor , Comiskey Catherine , Begley Thelma , Snel Anne , O'Sullivan Karin , Quirke Mary , Wynne Ciara 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimTo report on baseline outcomes of body mass index, eating habits and physical activity of a cohort of urban disadvantaged children from a longitudinal evaluation of a school based, health promoting initiative.BackgroundThe healthy schools programme was developed for implementation in schools located in disadvantaged areas of Dublin, Ireland.DesignA prospective, cohort study design was implemented.MethodA 3‐year longitudinal evaluation was conducted in five intervention and two comparison schools between 2009–2011. Data were collected on each participating child to determine their eating habits, levels of physical activity and body mass index at year 1 (baseline), year 2 and year 3. Independent t‐tests were used to compare mean values, chi‐square and Fishers exact tests were used to compare proportions at baseline.ResultsParticipation rates were over 50%. Older children reported eating on average more fruit and vegetables than younger children; breakfast was often eaten on the way to, or in school and in one age group 16·7% of intervention children reported they did not eat breakfast that day. Levels of physical activity varied with over 70% of younger children stating they never played a sport. In intervention schools over one quarter of all children were either overweight or obese. A comparison was conducted between the proportion of 9‐year olds overweight and obese in our disadvantaged cohort and a national random sample of 8500 9‐year olds and no important differences were observed.ConclusionBaseline results indicate that body mass index rates particularly among pre adolescent, urban disadvantaged girls are of concern.
Generational diversity: what nurse managers need to know
Authors: Hendricks Joyce M. , Cope Vicki C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThis article presents a discussion of generational differences and their impact on the nursing workforce and how this impact affects the work environment.BackgroundThe global nursing workforce represents four generations of nurses. This generational diversity frames attitudes, beliefs, work habits and expectations associated with the role of the nurse in the provision of care and in the way the nurse manages their day‐to‐day activities.Data sourcesAn electronic search of MEDLINE, PubMed and Cinahl databases was performed using the words generational diversity, nurse managers and workforce. The search was limited to 2000–2012.DiscussionGenerational differences present challenges to contemporary nurse managers working in a healthcare environment which is complex and dynamic, in terms of managing nurses who think and behave in a different way because of disparate core personal and generational values, namely, the three Cs of communication, commitment and compensation.Implications for nursingAn acceptance of generational diversity in the workplace allows a richer scope for practice as the experiences and knowledge of each generation in the nursing environment creates an environment of acceptance and harmony facilitating retention of nurses.ConclusionAcknowledgement of generational characteristics provides the nurse manager with strategies which focus on mentoring and motivation; communication, the increased use of technology and the ethics of nursing, to bridge the gap between generations of nurses and to increase nursing workforce cohesion.
Separation of early and late responses to herbivory in Arabidopsis by changing plasmodesmal function
Authors: Bricchi Irene , Occhipinti Andrea , Bertea Cinzia M. , Zebelo Simon A. , Brillada Carla , Verrillo Francesca , De Castro Cristina , Molinaro Antonio , Faulkner Christine , Maule Andrew J. , Maffei Massimo E. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryHerbivory results in an array of physiological changes in the host that are separable from the associated physical damage. We have made the surprising observation that an Arabidopsis line (pdko3) mutated in genes encoding plasmodesmal proteins is defective in some, but not all, of the typical plant responses to herbivory. We tested the responses of plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) depolarization, voltage gated K+ channel activity, cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]cyt and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2 and NO) release, shoot‐to‐root signaling, biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the elicitation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Following herbivory and the release of factors present in insect oral secretions (including a putative β‐galactofuranose polysaccharide), both the pdko3 and wild type (WT) plants showed a increased accumulation of [Ca2+]cyt, NO and H2O2. In contrast, unlike WT plants, the mutant line showed an almost complete loss of voltage gated K+ channel activity and Vm depolarization, a loss of shoot‐induced root‐Vm depolarization, a loss of activation and regulation of gene expression of the JA defense pathway, and a much diminished release and altered profile of VOCs. The mutations in genes for plasmodesmal proteins have provided valuable genetic tools for the dissection of the complex spectrum of responses to herbivory and shown us that the responses to herbivory can be separated into a calcium‐activated oxidative response and a K+‐dependent Vm‐activated jasmonate response associated with the release of VOCs.
Local and systemic regulation of sulfur homeostasis in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hubberten Hans‐Michael , Drozd Agnieszka , Tran Bich V. , Hesse Holger , Hoefgen Rainer 
Published: July 2012

SummaryNutrients are limiting for plant growth and vigour. Hence, nutrient uptake and homeostasis must be adjusted to the needs of the plant according to developmental stages and environmental conditions. A split‐root system was applied to analyse the systemic and local response of Arabidopsis thaliana to sulfur starvation. Arabidopsis thaliana plants in which only one root half was starved while the other root half was supplied with sulfate were analysed at the metabolic and transcriptional level. No systemic induction of sulfate uptake or expression of sulfate starvation marker genes was observed in split‐roots sufficiently supplied with sulfate. Our data suggest that no activation of sulfur uptake takes part in sulfur‐supplied root patches when the general sulfur status declines. When comparing roots of fully sulfate‐starved plants with sulfate‐starved split‐root roots, expression of several potentially OAS responsive genes was attenuated in split‐roots depending on the shoot sulfate status and the local root O‐acetylserine concentration. In contrast, high‐affinity sulfate transporters displayed similar expression in sulphate‐starved split‐roots and the corresponding controls. Feeding of 35SO42− to the shoot or to either part of a split‐root system revealed that sulfate is the most prominent mobile sulfur‐containing compound within the plant. Hence, we postulate a model whereby the soil sulfate availability regulates the sulfate uptake system of roots while the shoot sulfur status modulates the local O‐acetylserine response in the root by passive ‘plant sulfur status‐dependent’ transport of sulfate.
Rapid identification of Leishmania spp. in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Frickmann Hagen , Alnamar Yaser , Essig Andreas , Clos Joachim , Racz Paul , Barth Thomas F. , Hagen Ralf M. , Fischer Marcellus , Poppert Sven 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective  To describe and validate fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), a new method of Leishmania spp. identification. FISH allows for a rapid detection of target organisms by specific binding of fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes to ribosomal RNA.Methods  Two genus‐specific, fluorescently labelled Leishmania spp. FISH probes were designed and evaluated with a panel of 18 Leishmania spp. and six Trypanosoma spp. including well‐defined strains and clinical isolates. In addition, the FISH probes were tested in comparison with Giemsa staining in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues of five mice that had been artificially infected with Leishmania major strains, leading to concordant results. Finally, 11 tissue samples of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, four tissue samples of patients with visceral leishmaniasis, and one native bone marrow sample of a patient with visceral leishmaniasis were analysed with FISH and Giemsa staining.Results  Concordant results were achieved by FISH and Giemsa staining in 15/16 specimens.Conclusion  This analysis provides proof of principle that FISH is a suitable method for the rapid and easy detection of Leishmania spp. in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples. Because of the good contrast of Leishmania spp. in tissue, FISH facilitates the identification of these organisms in tissue samples even by less experienced investigators.
Repopulation of ganciclovir‐resistant cytomegalovirus by wild‐type virus
Authors: Drew W. Lawrence , Liu Catherine 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe report a patient in whom ganciclovir (GCV)‐resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) was replaced by wild‐type virus after discontinuation of GCV/valganciclovir and review other similar cases. Repopulation by wild‐type virus may occur soon after discontinuation and may be fostered by discontinuing GCV altogether rather than continuing it in combination with foscarnet when treating patients with GCV‐resistant CMV disease.
Climate warming and the decline of Taxus airborne pollen in urban pollen rain (Emilia Romagna, northern Italy)
Authors: Mercuri A. M. , Torri P. , Casini E. , Olmi L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWoody plant performance in a changing global environment has always been at the centre of palaeoenvironmental and long‐term climate reconstructions carried out by means of pollen analysis. In Mediterranean regions, Taxus constitutes the highest percentage in past pollen diagrams from cold or cool periods, and therefore it is generally considered a good index to infer climate features from past records. However, a comparison of these inferences with the true current trends in pollen production has not been attemped until now. This study reports the decline of airborne pollen of Taxus observed in Emilia Romagna, a region of northern Italy, during the period 1990–2007. Phenological observations on four male specimens and microscopic examination of fresh pollen were made in order to check Taxus flowering time and pollen morphology. Airborne pollen was monitored through continuous sampling with a Hirst volumetric sampler. In the 18‐year long period of investigation, Taxus pollen production has decreased, while total woody pollen abundance in air has increased. The trend of the Taxus pollen season shows a delay at the beginning, a shortening of the pollen period, and an advance of the end of the pollen season. This was interpreted as a response to climate warming. In particular, Taxus follows the behaviour of winter‐flowering plants, and therefore earlier pollination is favoured at low autumn temperatures, while late pollination occurs more often, most likely after warm autumn temperatures.
Seasonal photosynthetic responses of European oaks to drought and elevated daytime temperature
Authors: Arend M. , Brem A. , Kuster T. M. , Günthardt‐Goerg M. S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOaks are commonly considered as drought‐ and heat‐tolerant trees that might benefit from a warmer and drier climate. Their tolerance to drought has been frequently studied in the past, whereas studies dealing with elevated temperature or its combination with drought are very limited in number. In this study we investigated seasonal photosynthetic patterns in three European oak species (Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens) exposed in lysimeter‐based open‐top chambers (OTC) to elevated daytime temperature, drought and their combination. Stomatal and non‐stomatal traits of photosynthesis were followed over an entire growing season and related to changes in daytime temperature, soil moisture and pre‐dawn leaf water potential (ΨPD). Elevated daytime temperature enhanced net photosynthesis (PN) in a season‐dependent manner, with higher mid‐summer rates than in controls exposed to ambient temperature. Drought imposed in early and mid‐summer reduced the soil moisture content and caused a gradual decline in ΨPD, stomatal conductance (gS) and PN. Drought effects on ΨPD and PN were exacerbated when drought was combined with elevated daytime temperature. In general, PN tended to be more affected by low soil moisture content or low ΨPD in Q. robur than in Q. petraea and Q. pubescens. Non‐stomatal limitations may have contributed to the drought‐induced decline of PN in Q. robur, as indicated by a down‐regulation of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) and decreased chlorophyll content. Taken together, our findings show that European oaks may benefit from elevated temperature, but detrimental effects can be expected when elevated temperature occurs simultaneously with drought.
The habenula couples the dopaminergic and the serotonergic systems: application to depression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sourani Daphna , Eitan Renana , Gordon Noam , Goelman Gadi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA high percentage of patients with Parkinson’s disease suffer from depression in addition to their motor disabilities. However, the etiology of this depression and its relation to Parkinson’s disease are unknown. Within the framework of the monoamine deficiency hypothesis of depression, we propose that the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems are coupled by the lateral habenula, and argue that altered basal ganglia activity leads to lateral habenula hyperactivity, which in turn down‐regulates the serotonergic system, resulting in depressive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. We tested this hypothesis using the unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine hemiparkinsonian rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Behavior was assessed using the novelty suppressed feeding and forced swim tests, and the effective connectivity of the serotonergic system was estimated by manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the raphe nuclei. The results show depression‐like behaviors and reduced raphe connectivity with the lateral habenula, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus in the 6‐hydroxydopamine rat groups. More importantly, partial restoration of the raphe connectivity and partial normalization of behavior were achieved by dopamine replacement therapy (apomorphine, 10 mg/kg, s.c. daily). Furthermore, nearly complete behavioral normalization was reached after a bilateral electric lesion of the lateral habenula. These findings provide a plausible link between Parkinson’s disease and depression and open up avenues for new therapeutic interventions in depression and possibly in Parkinson’s disease.
The role of melanin‐concentrating hormone in conditioned reward learning
Authors: Sherwood Andrew , Wosiski‐Kuhn Marlena , Nguyen Truc , Holland Peter C. , Lakaye Bernard , Adamantidis Antoine , Johnson Alexander W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe orexigenic neuropeptide melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) is well positioned to play a key role in connecting brain reward and homeostatic systems due to its synthesis in hypothalamic circuitry and receptor expression throughout the cortico‐striatal reward circuit. Here we examined whether targeted‐deletion of the MCH receptor (MCH‐1R) in gene‐targeted heterozygote and knockout mice (KO), or systemic treatment with pharmacological agents designed to antagonise MCH‐1R in C57BL/6J mice would disrupt two putative consequences of reward learning that rely on different neural circuitries: conditioned reinforcement (CRf) and Pavlovian‐instrumental transfer (PIT). Mice were trained to discriminate between presentations of a reward‐paired cue (CS+) and an unpaired CS−. Following normal acquisition of the Pavlovian discrimination in all mice, we assessed the capacity for the CS+ to act as a reinforcer for new nose‐poke learning (CRf). Pharmacological disruption in control mice and genetic deletion in KO mice impaired CRf test performance, suggesting MCH‐1R is necessary for initiating and maintaining behaviors that are under the control of conditioned reinforcers. To examine a dissociable form of reward learning (PIT), a naïve group of mice were trained in separate Pavlovian and instrumental lever training sessions followed by the PIT test. For all mice the CS+ was capable of augmenting ongoing lever responding relative to CS− periods. These results suggest a role for MCH in guiding behavior based on the conditioned reinforcing value of a cue, but not on its incentive motivational value.