bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Action-Based Approach to Improving Pain Management in Long-Term Care
Authors: Kaasalainen Sharon , Brazil Kevin , Coker Esther , Ploeg Jenny , Martin-Misener Ruth , Donald Faith , DiCenso Alba , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Dolovich Lisa , Papaioannou Alexandra , Emili Anna , Burns Tim 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉObjectif : Les objectifs de cette étude étaient double : (1) d’explorer les obstacles à la gestion de la douleur et ceux associés à la mise en œuvre d’un programme de gestion de la douleur en soins de longue durée (SLD) et (2) de développer une approche interprofessionelle afin d’améliorer la gestion de la douleur en soins de longue durée.Méthodes : Une étude de cas a inclus tous les deux éléments, quantitatifs et qualitatifs. Nous avons recueilli des données sur deux sites LTC à l’aide de sept groupes de discussion pour les infirmières autorisées, fournisseurs de soins non réglementés, et médecins, et 10 entretiens avec des autres groupes de fournisseurs de soins de santé, l’administration et des résidents. Nous avons examiné les documents et administré un sondage à court aux participants à l’étude pour évaluer les perceptions des obstacles à la gestion de la douleur.Résultats : Les résultats ont révélé des obstacles à la gestion efficace de la douleur au niveau des soins de longue durée des résidents et des familles, des fournisseurs de soins de santé, et des systèmes de santé. Nous avons ensuite élaboré un modèle à six niveaux, avec les interventions proposées pour surmonter ces obstacles.Conclusions : Ce modèle peut guider le développement d’approches novatrices pour améliorer la gestion de la douleur dans les établissements de soins de longue durée.
Health, Pensions, and the Retirement Decision: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Schirle Tammy 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉEn utilisant des données longitudinales de l’Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu, j’examine les effets de la santé et des régimes de pension offerts par les employeurs sur les décisions de retraite ce qui n’a pas été étudiés simultanément dans le contexte canadien. Les résultats indiquent que les régimes de pension offerts par les employeurs ont des effets incitatifs importants et significatifs sur le comportement de la retraite. Etre en mauvaise santé augmente considérablement la probabilité de prendre sa retraite, jusqu’à 25 points de pourcentage. Les résultats corroborent les résultats antérieures concernant l’importance relative de l’atténuation et le biais de la justification de l’auto-déclaration des mesures de santé. En outre les résultats confirment aussi les conclusions des recherches américains et européens, que l’état de santé et les régimes de pension offerts par les employeurs sont des déterminants importants de la retraite.
Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity ofCampylobacter jejuniin ruminants
Authors: GROVE-WHITE D. H. , LEATHERBARROW A. J. H. , CRIPPS P. J. , DIGGLE P. J. , FRENCH N. P. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYMulti-locus sequence typing was performed on 1003Campylobacter jejuniisolates collected in a 2-year longitudinal study of 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in Lancashire, UK. There was considerable farm-level variation in occurrence and prevalence of clonal complexes (CC). Clonal complexes ST61, ST21, ST403 and ST45 were most prevalent in cattle while in sheep CC ST42, ST21, ST48 and ST52 were most prevalent. CC ST45, a complex previously shown to be more common in summer months in human cases, was more prevalent in summer in our ruminant samples. Gene flow analysis demonstrated a high level of genetic heterogeneity at the within-farm level. Sequence-type diversity was greater in cattle compared to sheep, in cattle at pasturevs. housed, and in isolates from farms on the Pennines compared to the Southern Fylde. Sequence-type diversity was greatest in isolates belonging to CC ST21, ST45 and ST206.
ESEM-EDS Investigation of the Weathering of a Heritage Sydney Sandstone
Authors: Ip Kin Hong , Stuart Barbara , Ray Abhi , Thomas Paul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe degradation of Sydney sandstone used to build the heritage St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, Australia, has been investigated using environmental scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. This technique provided the structural details of the cementing clay and an elemental characterization the sandstone. The observed differences in the elemental composition of the unweathered and weathered sandstones were associated with changes to the clay microstructure upon weathering. The results support the substitution theory that Fe3+ replaces Al3+ in the kaolinite clay component upon weathering. An examination of the impurities present prior to a nonstructural iron removal treatment revealed the presence of minerals that may provide a source of the elements responsible for the substitution process.
Metapopulation capacity with self-colonization: Finding the best patches in fragmented habitats
Authors: Schnell Jessica , Russell Gareth , Harris Grant , Pimm Stuart 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHabitat fragmentation continues to be a leading threat for our global future. Methods to quantify fragmentation of habitat landscapes, particularly for endangered species, would be especially useful in conservation planning. Using the principles of metapopulation theory, we updated and devised two methods for analyzing fragmented landscapes: metapopulation capacity and abandonment rate. Our version of metapopulation capacity includes a self-colonization component to counteract the issue metapopulation theory experiences with single large patches. We then tested these methods on satellite image range maps of endemic birds in the highland forests of northern Central America.The metapopulation capacity method proved to be a better measure in that it highlighted which patches would be the most successful habitat in the landscape, based on size and connectivity to surrounding patches, thus allowing for species persistence. Unexpectedly, the abandonment rate method proved useful in providing a way of measuring each individual patch’s support to the rest of the landscape system. This could then be used to rank the remaining patches in order of their greatest contribution. Finally, by using a historical satellite map that showed previously forested habitat in the now deforested landscape, we were able to generate optimal restoration sequences by ranking each 1 km squares’ potential contribution.
Re: Trisomy 21: 91% detection rate using second‐trimester ultrasound markers
Authors: Hutchon D. J. R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRe: Trisomy 21: 91% detection rate using second‐trimester ultrasound markersD. J. R. Hutchon, Memorial Hospital, Hollyhurst Road, Darlington, County Durham DL3 6HX, UK
Author's reply : G. R. DeVore, Fetal Diagnostic Center, Suite 206, 301 South Fair Oaks Ave, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
Nuchal fold thickness at 14–16 weeks' gestation as measured by transvaginal sonography
Authors: Ben‐Ami M. , Perlitz Y. , Mukary M. , Peleg D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo establish normal values of fetal nuchal fold thick‐ness at 14–16 weeks of gestation by transvaginal sonography.MethodsTransvaginal sonography was used to measure nuchal fold thickness in 182 normal pregnancies at 14–16 weeks of gestation. Nuchal fold thickness was measured as the distance from the outer skull bone to the outer skin surface in the transverse axial image in the suboccipital‐bregmatic plane of the head.ResultsThere was no significant association between nuchal fold thickness and gestational age (r = 0.084; P = 0.258). The mean (standard deviation) was 2.2 (0.5) mm and the 95th centile was 3.0 mm.ConclusionsThe 95th centile of nuchal fold thickness measured by transvaginal sonography at 14–16 weeks is 3.0 mm. Copyright © 2002 ISUOG
Kinetics of chain motions within a protein-folding intermediate
Authors: Neuweiler Hannes , Banachewicz Wiktor , Fersht Alan R. 
Published: December 2010

Small proteins can fold remarkably rapidly, even in
μ
s. What limits their rate of folding? The Engrailed homeodomain is a particularly well-characterized example, which folds ultrafast via an intermediate, I, of solved structure. It is a puzzle that the helix2-turn-helix3 motif of the 3-helix bundle forms in approximately 2
μ
s, but the final docking of preformed helix1 in I requires approximately 20
μ
s. Simulation and structural data suggest that nonnative interactions may slow down helix docking. Here we report the direct measurement of chain motions in I by using photoinduced electron transfer fluorescence-quenching correlation spectroscopy (PET-FCS). We use a mutant that traps I at physiological ionic strength but refolds at higher ionic strength. A single Trp in helix3 quenches the fluorescence of an extrinsic label on contact with it. We placed the label along the sequence to probe segmental chain motions. At high ionic strength, we found two relaxations for all probed positions on the 2- and 20-
μ
s time scale, corresponding to the known folding processes, and a 200-ns phase attributable to loop closure kinetics in the unfolded state. At low ionic strength, we found only the 2-
μ
s and 200-ns phase for labels in the helix2-turn-helix3 motif of I, because the native state is not significantly populated. But for labels in helix1 we observed an additional approximately 10-
μ
s phase showing that it was moving slowly, with a rate constant similar to that for overall folding under native conditions. Folding was rate-limited by chain motions on a rough energy surface where nonnative interactions constrain motion.
Predicting in vitro drug sensitivity using Random Forests
Authors: Riddick Gregory , Song Hua , Ahn Susie , Walling Jennifer , Borges-Rivera Diego , Zhang Wei , Fine Howard A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Panels of cell lines such as the NCI-60 have long been used to test drug candidates for their ability to inhibit proliferation. Predictive models of in vitro drug sensitivity have previously been constructed using gene expression signatures generated from gene expression microarrays. These statistical models allow the prediction of drug response for cell lines not in the original NCI-60. We improve on existing techniques by developing a novel multistep algorithm that builds regression models of drug response using Random Forest, an ensemble approach based on classification and regression trees (CART).
Results: This method proved successful in predicting drug response for both a panel of 19 Breast Cancer and 7 Glioma cell lines, outperformed other methods based on differential gene expression, and has general utility for any application that seeks to relate gene expression data to a continuous output variable.
Implementation: Software was written in the R language and will be available together with associated gene expression and drug response data as the package ivDrug at http://r-forge.r-project.org.
Contact: riddickgp@mail.nih.gov
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Toward the estimation of the absolute quality of individual protein structure models
Authors: Benkert Pascal , Biasini Marco , Schwede Torsten 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMotivation: Quality assessment of protein structures is an important part of experimental structure validation and plays a crucial role in protein structure prediction, where the predicted models may contain substantial errors. Most current scoring functions are primarily designed to rank alternative models of the same sequence supporting model selection, whereas the prediction of the absolute quality of an individual protein model has received little attention in the field. However, reliable absolute quality estimates are crucial to assess the suitability of a model for specific biomedical applications.Results: In this work, we present a new absolute measure for the quality of protein models, which provides an estimate of the ‘degree of nativeness’ of the structural features observed in a model and describes the likelihood that a given model is of comparable quality to experimental structures. Model quality estimates based on the QMEAN scoring function were normalized with respect to the number of interactions. The resulting scoring function is independent of the size of the protein and may therefore be used to assess both monomers and entire oligomeric assemblies. Model quality scores for individual models are then expressed as ‘Z-scores’ in comparison to scores obtained for high-resolution crystal structures. We demonstrate the ability of the newly introduced QMEAN Z-score to detect experimentally solved protein structures containing significant errors, as well as to evaluate theoretical protein models.In a comprehensive QMEAN Z-score analysis of all experimental structures in the PDB, membrane proteins accumulate on one side of the score spectrum and thermostable proteins on the other. Proteins from the thermophilic organism Thermatoga maritima received significantly higher QMEAN Z-scores in a pairwise comparison with their homologous mesophilic counterparts, underlining the significance of the QMEAN Z-score as an estimate of protein stability.Availability: The Z-score calculation has been integrated in the QMEAN server available at: http://swissmodel.expasy.org/qmean.Contact: torsten.schwede@unibas.chSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clinical Significance of Soluble TNF Receptor in Japanese Patients with Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Tokushige Katsutoshi , Hashimoto Etsuko , Tsuchiya Noriko , Kaneda Hiroyuki , Taniai Makiko , Shiratori Keiko 
Published: December 2010

Abstract: Background: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) is reported to be a good indicator of TNF production and severity in inflammatory diseases. To investigate the clinical significance of sTNFR in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we measured the serum levels of soluble TNF receptor‐1 and ‐2.Patients and Methods: We analyzed 82 NASH patients and 15 healthy subjects (control). The grades of fibrosis, inflammation and fatty deposit were evaluated on liver biopsy. The serum levels of sTNFR‐1 and ‐2 were measured by ELISA.Results: There was significant correlation between platelet count and sTNFRs. The titers of sTNFR‐2 in NASH patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were higher than in those without DM. The serum levels of sTNFRs in NASH patients with advanced fibrosis were increased compared with those of control and NASH patients with low‐grade fibrosis. Soluble TNFRs in patients with moderate inflammation were increased compared to those of control and patients with mild inflammation. There was no significant association between fatty deposit grade and sTNFRs.Conclusion: Soluble TNFRs have a significant correlation with fibrosis in NASH.
Lymphocyte subset reconstitution after unrelated cord blood or bone marrow transplantation in children
Authors: Rénard Cécile , Barlogis Vincent , Mialou Valérie , Galambrun Claire , Bernoux Delphine , Goutagny Marie Pierre , Glasman Laurence , Loundou Anderson Dieudonné , Poitevin‐Later Françoise , Dignat‐George Françoise , Dubois Valérie , Picard Christophe , Chabannon Christian , Bertrand Yves , Michel Gérard 
Published: December 2010

SummaryWe report the post‐transplant lymphocyte subset recovery of 226 children treated with Unrelated Cord Blood transplant (UCBT) (n = 112) or Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplant (UBMT) (n = 114) for malignant or non‐malignant diseases. Absolute numbers of natural killer (NK), B and T cells were monitored by flow cytometry up to 5 years post‐transplant. Immunological endpoints were: time to achieve a CD3+ cell count >0·5 and 1·5 × 109/l, CD4+ > 0·2 and 0·5 × 109/l, CD8+ > 0·25 × 109/l, CD19+ > 0·2 × 109/l, NK > 0·1 × 109/l. These endpoints were analysed through the use of cumulative incidence curves in the context of competing risks. CD8+ T cell recovery was delayed after UCBT with a median time to reach CD8+ T cells > 0·25 × 109/l of 7·7 months whereas it was 2·8 months in UBMT (P < 0·001). B cell recovery was better in UCBT, with a median time to reach CD19+ cells > 0·2 × 109/l of 3·2 months in UCBT and 6·4 months in UBMT (P = 0·03). Median time for CD4+ T cell and NK cell recovery was similar in UCBT and UBMT. CD4+ T cells recovery was negatively correlated to age (better reconstitution in younger patients, P = 0·002). CD8+ T cells recovery was shorter in recipients with a positive cytomegalovirus serology (P = 0·001).
Overcoming methodical limits of standard RHD genotyping by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Stabentheiner S. , Danzer M. , Niklas N. , Atzmüller S. , Pröll J. , Hackl C. , Polin H. , Hofer K. , Gabriel C. 
Published: December 2010

Background and objectives  Molecular variations of the RHD gene may result in the reduced expression of the D antigen and altered Rh phenotypes. In many occasions, they cannot be typed reliably by standard serological methods. Sequence‐based typing is the gold standard to determine rare and unknown RHD genotypes. For this pilot study, sequence‐based typing by standard Sanger sequencing was compared to a newly established next‐generation sequencing approach based on pyrosequencing.Materials and methods  Twenty‐six DNA samples were selected after primary serological testing exhibiting a weak reaction in Rh phenotype. Parallel sequence analysis of the complete coding sequence including adjacent intronic sequences allowed a comparison of the methodical potency in mutation detection of Sanger with next‐generation sequencing.Results  Sanger sequencing revealed 39 RHD polymorphisms in 21 of 26 samples in the RHD coding region, while pyrosequencing detected all but two alterations resulting in a concordance rate of 94·9% and clearly revealed a heterozygous compound mutation in one sample with RHDψ and Weak D type 4 alleles. The resolution of cis/trans linkage of polymorphisms and exact characterization of a 37 bp duplication was achieved by next‐generation sequencing.Conclusion  Our data suggest that next‐generation sequencing offers a new development for high‐throughput and clonal sequencing for molecular RHD genotyping. However, further attempts in the methodical set‐up have to be undertaken prior to validation and introduction as a routine service.
Flowering phenological pattern in crowns of four temperate deciduous tree species and its reproductive implications
Authors: Tal O. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTemperate deciduous forest trees flower in spring, a period that starts when the trees lack leaves and when weather is unpredictable, including frost events, and ends when the forest becomes green and vertical microclimatic gradients are established. This paper asks whether there are spatio‐temporal patterns in the development of flowering in trees, and how they relate to reproductive processes. Using a crane, flowering phenology was studied in the crowns of ca. 200 trees of four species, from early spring (ash) through the period of leaf‐unfolding (maples) to early summer (lime). Flowering levels in different crown regions were documented quantitatively and repeatedly during the flowering season and compared among individuals and among species. Early‐flowering trees displayed a clear and consistent acropetalous and centrifugal flowering pattern, while this pattern disappeared in species that flowered after leaves unfolded. This pattern was superposed on the basic flowering rhythm of each species, and was influenced by effects of direct sunlight, acting at a small scale in early spring and at a large scale in early summer. As this acropetalous centrifugal pattern contrasts the microclimatic gradients that develop only after leaves unfold, it might indicate physiological processes in the ‘awakening’ of trees, as well as evolutionary processes that took place in temperate trees during adaptation to a temperate climate.
A new species ofMelampsorarust onSalix elbursensisfrom Iran
Authors: Damadi S. M. , Pei M. H. , Smith J. A. , Abbasi M. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryA rust fungus was found causing stem cankers on 1‐ to 5‐year‐old stems ofSalix elbursensisin the north west of Iran. The rust also forms uredinia on leaves and flowers of the host willow. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the new rust is morphologically distinct from severalMelampsoraspecies occurring on the willows taxonomically close toS. elbursensis, but indistinguishable fromMelampsora larici‐epitea. Examination of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA suggested that the rust fungus is phylogenetically close toMelampsora allii‐populinaandMelampsora pruinosaeonPopulusspp. Based on both the morphological characteristics and the ITS sequence data, the rust is described as a new species –Melampsora iranicasp. nov.
Benefits of first‐half intensive haemodiafiltration for the removal of uraemic solutes
Authors: NAGAOKA YUME , MATSUMOTO HIROSHI , OKADA TOMONARI , IWASAWA HIDEAKI , TOMARU RYO , WADA TOSHIKAZU , GONDO ASAKO , NAKAO TOSHIYUKI 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Haemodiafiltration (HDF) is the most efficient blood purification method and can remove a wide spectrum of solutes of different molecular weights (MW). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the removed amounts of solutes, especially the larger molecules, could be increased by changing the HDF filtration procedure.Methods:  A new first‐half intensive HDF treatment (F‐HDF) was designed, whereby convective clearance is intensively forced during the first half of a HDF session. We compared the removed amounts of solutes in the same group of nine patients treated by F‐HDF, constant rate‐replacing HDF (C‐HDF) and a high‐flux haemodialysis (HD).Results:  F‐HDF can remove significantly larger amounts of α1‐microglobulin (MG), molecular weight (MW) 33 000, compared with HD and C‐HDF (30.1 ± 15.1 vs 12.4 ± 0.3, 15.0 ± 3.1 mg, P < 0.01). Regarding the removal amounts and clear space of β2MG, MW 11 800, there were no significant differences between the three treatment modalities. Regarding amounts of creatinine, urea nitrogen and phosphorus, there were no significant differences between the three treatment modalities.Conclusion:  In post‐replacement HDF with a high‐flux membrane dialyzer, the method used in the present study in which replacement is completed during the first half of the process, is associated with a greater rate of larger molecule removal than the conventional uniform replacement method.