bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept for evaluating results close to the participants’ limits of quantification in proficiency tests for elements in food
Authors: Kapp Timo , Hackenberg Rudolf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProficiency testing (PT) in chemical analysis ideally provides participants with feedback on all aspects of laboratory performance. In the field of analysis of elements in food, analyte levels in test items are often close to the legal limits. Performance criteria such as those in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 333/2007 also refer to maximum values for limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ), as well as to selectivity and control of contamination. Therefore, PTs with analyte levels in the range of LOD and LOQ are also very beneficial, as at these low levels, insufficient selectivity or contamination during sample preparation are more likely to affect the analytical results.Since 2017, our unit has provided 7 PTs, each with at least one parameter (e.g. an element prone to contamination such as arsenic or mercury) with very low mass fractions. In these cases, the datasets showed a significant proportion of results reported as “< LOQ”, together with quantitative results as well.If the “< LOQ”-values are predominant, calculation according to ISO 13528 is not feasible. Due to the wide range of the individual LOQs, the numerical use of the LOQs or a percentage of them is not appropriate. Therefore, we decided to sort the quantitative results and the “< LOQ” results numerically. We then determined the median and evaluated all quantitative results above the median as “false positive”, while all other results were evaluated as “true statement”. In this way, laboratories affected by contamination, for example, received appropriate feedback.
Improving wasp control by identifying likely causes of eradication failure
Authors: Howse M. W. F. , Reason A. , Haywood J. , Lester P. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudying the efficacy of control methods is paramount to successful management of invasive pests and understanding why some colonies survive is important to improve management practices. Here, the bait Vespex® was used to control invasive wasps across 64 ha of forest in an invaded range near Hanmer Springs, New Zealand. Bait was applied across a standard 50 m by 300 m arrangement and made available for 3 days. Nest mortality rates after 19 days were 29.8%, although nearly all nests were affected with a median overall reduction in nest traffic of 96.5%. The results from logistic regression showed that, all else remaining equal, larger wasp nests, nests further from bait stations, and more isolated nests exhibited lower rates of mortality after baiting. Investigating the change in activity at surviving nests, the results from beta regression suggest that declines in nest traffic were less severe with increasing distance to the nearest bait, but more severe with increasing nest size. These results indicate that while smaller nests are at a higher risk of being killed by the bait, they may not encounter bait as regularly as larger nests. Bait uptake varied considerably across bait stations. Wasp nests were not randomly or uniformly distributed in space, and instead were aggregated across our treatment area, likely due to some aspects of environmental conditions. We suggest further research to be focused on developing an understanding of the drivers of wasp nest development and foraging behaviour, to produce a more flexible baiting procedure that will increase both baiting efficiency and efficacy.
InstructPatentGPT: training patent language models to follow instructions with human feedback
Authors: Lee Jieh-Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this research, patent prosecution is conceptualized as a system of reinforcement learning from human feedback. The objective of the system is to increase the likelihood for a language model to generate patent claims that have a higher chance of being granted. To showcase the controllability of the language model, the system learns from granted patents and pre-grant applications with different rewards. The status of “granted” and “pre-grant” are perceived as labeled human feedback implicitly. In addition, specific to patent drafting, the experiments in this research demonstrate the model’s capability to learn from adjusting claim length and inclusion of limiting terms for narrowing claim scope. As proof of concept, the experiments focus on claim ones only and the training data originates from a patent dataset tailored specifically for artificial intelligence. Although the available human feedback in patent prosecution are limited and the quality of generated patent text requires improvement, the experiments following the 3-stage reinforcement learning from human feedback have demonstrated that generative language models are capable of reflecting the human feedback or intent in patent prosecution. To enhance the usability of language models, the implementation in this research utilizes modern techniques that enable execution on a single consumer-grade GPU. The demonstrated proof of concept, which reduces hardware requirements, will prove valuable in the future as more human feedback in patent prosecution become available for broader use, either within patent offices or in the public domain.
An integrated model for criminal responsibility in action: How Swedish criminal law operates without an insanity defence
Authors: Bennet Tova 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn nearly all criminal justice systems, a defendant’s severe mental disorder can trigger special rules that excuse or exempt the defendant. Swedish criminal law adopts an alternative approach that considers all defendants to be equal in terms of accountability, or capacity for responsibility, and lacks any rules that excuse or exempt a defendant with a severe mental disorder or disability. This paper presents the first comprehensive study of how Swedish criminal law functions without an insanity defence. The analysis focuses on the legal assessment of mens rea and offers observations regarding the Swedish model that are of particular relevance for discussions concerning the potential and pitfalls of an “integrated” model for criminal responsibility.
Just-in-Time crash prediction for mobile apps
Authors: Wimalasooriya Chathrie , Licorish Sherlock A. , da Costa Daniel Alencar , MacDonell Stephen G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJust-In-Time (JIT) defect prediction aims to identify defects early, at commit time. Hence, developers can take precautions to avoid defects when the code changes are still fresh in their minds. However, the utility of JIT defect prediction has not been investigated in relation to crashes of mobile apps. We therefore conducted a multi-case study employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis. In the quantitative analysis, we used machine learning techniques for prediction. We collected 113 reliability-related metrics for about 30,000 commits from 14 Android apps and selected 14 important metrics for prediction. We found that both standard JIT metrics and static analysis warnings are important for JIT prediction of mobile app crashes. We further optimized prediction performance, comparing seven state-of-the-art defect prediction techniques with hyperparameter optimization. Our results showed that Random Forest is the best performing model with an AUC-ROC of 0.83. In our qualitative analysis, we manually analysed a sample of 642 commits and identified different types of changes that are common in crash-inducing commits. We explored whether different aspects of changes can be used as metrics in JIT models to improve prediction performance. We found these metrics improve the prediction performance significantly. Hence, we suggest considering static analysis warnings and Android-specific metrics to adapt standard JIT defect prediction models for a mobile context to predict crashes. Finally, we provide recommendations to bridge the gap between research and practice and point to opportunities for future research.
Mesoporous silica aerogels for sunflower oil refining and investigation of their adsorption performance
Authors: Soylu Tülay Merve , Özel Cem , Karakuzu Ikizler Burcu , Özarslan Ali Can , Terzioğlu Pınar , Elalmis Yeliz Basaran , Yücel Sevil 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvolving a succession of oil refining stages for edible oil production, a notable constraint lies in the necessity to employ diverse adsorbents at various steps within these processes. This study investigates the synthesis of mesoporous silica aerogels from rice husk ash, comparing their efficacy in physical sunflower oil refining with earth clay (Bentonite) and commercial silica (Trisyl). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) impact during aging was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and N2 adsorption-desorption analyzer to examine alterations in the structure of silica aerogels. The surface areas of TEOS-doped silica aerogel (TSA) and non-TEOS-doped silica aerogel (NTSA) were 296.18 and 267.06 m²/g. Mesoporous silica aerogels were evaluated for their ability to reduce free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), phosphorus, and color pigments in sunflower oil. TSA and NTSA demonstrated significant FFA removal, with TSA at 3 wt.% achieving the highest performance of 32.2%. TSA also effectively reduced PV and phosphorus compared to NTSA, Bentonite and Trisyl, exhibiting performance similar to Bentonite in the bleaching process. TEOS-doped silica aerogels have shown promise as adsorbents for impurity removal in sunflower oil and has emerged as the potential adsorbent that can comprehensively and effectively meet the requirements of many edible oil physical refining applications in a singular step.
Graphical Abstract
Development of recyclable bio-based epoxy/acrylate blends for liquid crystal display 3D printing
Authors: Tosto Claudio , Saitta Lorena , Latteri Alberta , Blanco Ignazio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBio-based epoxy resins are widely utilized in various application fields such as adhesives, coatings, composites, and electrical components, offering comparable performance characteristics to conventional epoxy resins, including high strength, durability, and chemical resistance. The use of bio-based materials in 3D printing has been receiving increasing attention as a means of reducing the environmental impact of this technology, because most formulations available for stereolithography and digital light processing are generally non-renewable. This study aimed to explore the potential of blending a bio-based epoxy resin with a commercial daylight-curable resin at various msss percentages to enhance the thermomechanical properties of 3D-printed parts while adhering to the working principle of liquid crystal display (LCD) printers. The prepared formulations were initially characterized in terms of their thermo-mechanical properties both before and after post-treatments like photo- and thermal-curing. This procedure facilitated a comparison of the various blends based on their mechanical strength, glass transition temperature, and other pertinent properties. Upon identifying the optimal formulation, 3D-printed samples were produced using LCD printing technology. Calorimetric and morphological tests were then carried out to evaluate the thermal stability and microstructure of the printed parts. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that blending recyclable bio-based epoxy resins with commercial ones can lead to enhanced properties in additive manufactured parts. This approach has the potential to promote sustainability in 3D printing by reducing the consumption of non-renewable resources, while still meeting the standard performance required for numerous applications.
Clinical efficacy analysis of tip‑flexible suctioning ureteral access sheath combined with disposable flexible ureteroscope to treat 2–4 cm renal stones
Authors: Chen Hua , Xiao Jiansheng , Ge Jiaqi , Liu Tairong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using a tip‑flexible suctioning ureteral access sheath (TFS-UAS) in combination with a traditional ureteral access sheath (T-UAS) and a disposable flexible ureteroscope (DFU) for treating large renal stones (2–4 cm in diameter).

Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical data from 238 patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) at Ganzhou People’s Hospital between January 2019 and October 2023. The study included 238 patients who met the inclusion criteria, with 125 in the observation group using TFS-UAS and 113 in the control group using T-UAS. We compared differences in the stone-free rate (SFR), complication rates, surgery duration, and average hospital stay between the two groups.

Results
All 238 surgeries were successfully completed. The stone-free rates for the observation group at the first and thirtieth day post-surgery were 87.20% and 95.20%, respectively, whereas for the control group, the rates were 73.45% and 85.84%, showing statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The overall complication rates were 1.6% for the observation group and 14.16% for the control group, also statistically significant (P < 0.001). The surgical times for stone removal were (101.17 ± 25.64) minutes for the observation group and (86.23 ± 20.35) minutes for the control group, with significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Compared to T-UAS, combining TFS-UAS with DFU for treating renal stones of 2–4 cm diameter, although more time-consuming, resulted in higher SFRs and improved safety.
Natural Concepts and the Economics of Cognition and Communication
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article takes a cognitive approach to natural concepts. The aim is to introduce criteria that are evaluated with respect to how they support the cognitive economy of humans when using concepts in reasoning and communicating with them. I first present the theory of conceptual spaces as a tool for expressing the criteria. Then I introduce the central idea that natural concepts correspond to convex regions of a conceptual space. I argue that this criterion has far-reaching consequences as regards natural concepts. Partly following earlier work, I present some other criteria that further delimit the class of natural concepts. One of these is coherence, which does not seem to have been discussed previously. Finally, I show that convexity and other criteria make it possible to ensure that people mean the same thing when they communicate using concepts. Apart from its philosophical interest, the analysis presented in the article will be relevant for tasks of conceptual engineering in artificial systems that work with concepts.
A vehicle firmware security vulnerability: an IVI exploitation
Authors: Costantino Gianpiero , De Vincenzi Marco , Matteucci Ilaria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the last years, the increasing vehicular technology has led to a surge in cybersecurity attacks, particularly regarding connected vehicles and their vulnerable infotainment systems. This paper explores the vulnerabilities within an In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) system firmware, focusing on the Gen5W_L multimedia device utilized in Hyundai, Kia, and Genesis vehicles. Leveraging reverse engineering techniques, the study uncovers several security issues within the firmware, allowing for the creation and installation of custom firmware. The paper introduces Chimaera, a reverse engineering attack targeting the IVI system firmware, which exploits a vulnerability introduced by statically compiling the mbedtls library. After a reverse engineering analysis and injecting malicious assembly code directly in the IVI firmware, the attack enables the extraction of sensitive information from the firmware files like the cryptographic keys to install a customized firmware. The research shows that exploiting these vulnerabilities facilitates the installation of insecure firmware, granting attackers unauthorized access to vehicle functionalities. This includes the possibility to inject CAN bus messages, potentially compromising critical vehicle systems such as radio controls and safety features. The findings underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures within automotive systems and highlight the significance of vulnerability assessment to mitigate security risks in connected vehicles.
Reiner Konflikt und reine Konkurrenz. Simmels Bestimmung des Streits und die Systemtheorie
Authors: Preuß Karlson 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungSimmel untersucht im Streitkapitel seiner „großen“ Soziologie zwei Sozialformen, Konflikt und Konkurrenz. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Simmel bei der Bestimmung der Reinmerkmale dieser Formen zwei unterschiedliche Wege einschlägt. Während er den „reinen Konflikt“ sinndimensional bestimmt, nämlich als Sachkonflikt, der nicht durch subjektive Faktoren wie Persönlichkeit, Bestechung usw. verunreinigt wird, begreift er die „reine Konkurrenz“ formenrelational, indem er sie an Konkurrenzbeziehungen festmacht, die nicht von Konflikten überlagert werden. Die zwei Herangehensweisen führen ihn zu einem adäquaten Verständnis der reinen Konkurrenz und einem verfehlten Begriff des reinen Konflikts, was wiederum eine ungleiche Präsenz Simmels in den jeweiligen soziologischen Traditionslinien zur Folge hat. Die zeitgenössische Konkurrenzforschung hat in Simmels Überlegungen zum Streit ein solides Fundament gefunden. Dagegen haben sich Teile der Konfliktforschung von Simmel abgewandt, darunter die systemtheoretische Konfliktsoziologie in der Tradition Luhmanns. Es lassen sich jedoch Verbindungen zwischen den zwei soziologischen Traditionslinien herstellen.
The psychosocial health of sexual and gender minority people with anal and colorectal cancer: a mixed methods study
Authors: Franco-Rocha Oscar Y. , Trainum Katie , Wheldon Christopher W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors have poorer psychosocial health than their heterosexual cisgender counterparts. Nevertheless, most research has focused on breast and prostate survivors. It is unknown how different gastrointestinal (GI) cancers affect the psychosocial well-being of SGM individuals. We (1) described the psychosocial health of SGM people with GI cancers and (2) identified differences in psychosocial health outcomes by cancer type.

Methods
We conducted a concurrent mixed-methods secondary analysis with identical samples (n = 295) using data from “OUT: The National Cancer Survey.” Likert-type and open-ended questions about demographics, satisfaction with care, social support, and access to mental health resources were included in the analysis. Poor mental health was the primary outcome. Quantitative (linear regression) and qualitative (thematic analysis) data were independently analyzed, then integrated through the narrative, weaving approach.

Results
Three concepts emerged after data integration, (1) positive and negative influences on the psychological well-being of the participants; (2) social adaptations with the participants’ friends, partners, and family members; and (3) additional factors affecting the psychosocial well-being during and after cancer, particularly interactions with providers, comorbidities, and treatment side effects.

Conclusion
Clinical characteristics, demographic factors, and culturally responsive care influenced the psychosocial health of SGM survivors of GI cancers.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Participants developed their own coping strategies and advocated for the SGM community. Interventions promoting peer support and self-esteem are a priority for this population. Healthcare professional training should incorporate historical trauma awareness and assess the delivery of culturally responsive care.
Future teachers’ reflections on mathematical errors made in their teaching practice
Authors: Font Vicenç , Breda Adriana , Sala-Sebastià Gemma , Pino-Fan Luís R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study answers the following research questions: 1) What types of mathematical errors do future teachers identify when they reflect on their practice? and 2) Which levels of development of the didactic suitability assessment competence for the “errors” component can be inferred when they reflect on their practice? To answer these questions, we explain the Didactic Suitability Criteria construct and describe the associated training cycle structure in the theoretical and methodological framework sections. We followed a qualitative research methodology that mainly consists of thematic analysis. The study conducted allows finding inductive categories of types of mathematical errors, such as error in the task instructions, error of proposition, procedural error, error in the representation, error in the definition and error in the argument. It also enables establishing levels of development of the didactic suitability assessment competence of future teachers for the “errors” component. The main conclusion of this research is the importance of the context to decide what a mathematical error is. The need to further examine the notion of mathematical error in the training of future mathematics teachers is also stressed. Another conclusion is the development of a rubric that allows for more accurate and deeper reflections of future teachers on the errors made.
Recent Advances in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT-ED)
Authors: Waller Glenn , Beard Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Eating disorders require more effective therapies than are currently available. While cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED) has the most evidence to support its effectiveness, it requires substantial improvement in order to enhance its reach and outcomes, and to reduce relapse rates. Recent years have seen a number of noteworthy developments in CBT-ED, which are summarised in this paper.

Recent Findings
The key advances identified here include: improvements in the efficiency and availability of CBT-ED; expansion of applicability to younger cases across durations of eating disorder; and new methodologies.

Summary
There have been important recent advances in the field of CBT-ED. However, it is important to stress that there remain gaps in our evidence base and clinical skills, and suggestions are made for future research and clinical directions.
Antibody–drug conjugates in the treatment of lymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Neumeister Peter , Prochazka Katharina Theresa 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of monoclonal antibodies with the characteritic to specifically target tumor cells and to deliver a cytotoxic drug directly to the target cell thereby minimising side effects and improving the therapeutic index. In recent years, many new ADCs have been approved and are established therapeutic tools in lymphoma treatment.
Isolated Perfused Hearts for Cardiovascular Research: An Old Dog with New Tricks
Authors: Yang Tianshuo , Liu Zirui , Shu Songren , Chen Zhice , Hua Xiumeng , Song Jiangping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn modern cardiovascular research, isolated perfused hearts have become cost-effective and highly reproducible tools to investigate the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Since they were first introduced in the nineteenth century, isolated perfused hearts have been extensively used for testing novel therapies, elucidating cardiac metabolic and electrophysiological activities, and modeling CVDs, including ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and hyperacute rejection. In recent years, ex vivo heart perfusion (EVHP) has shown potential in cardiac transplantation by allowing prolonged preservation and reconditioning of donor hearts. In this review, we summarize the evolution of the isolated perfused heart technique and its applications in cardiovascular research to help researchers comprehensively understand the capabilities of isolated heart models and provide guidance to use them to investigate various CVDs.
Graphical Abstract