bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR Regulation of SPSB1 Controls Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Induction
Authors: Lewis Rowena S. , Kolesnik Tatiana B. , Kuang Zhihe , D’Cruz Akshay A. , Blewitt Marnie E. , Masters Seth L. , Low Andrew , Willson Tracy , Norton Raymond S. , Nicholson Sandra E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The mammalian innate immune system has evolved to recognize foreign molecules derived from pathogens via the TLRs. TLR3 and TLR4 can signal via the TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF), which results in the transcription of a small array of genes, including IFN-β. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which catalyzes the production of NO, is induced by a range of stimuli, including cytokines and microbes. NO is a potent source of reactive nitrogen species that play an important role in killing intracellular pathogens and forms a crucial component of host defense. We have recently identified iNOS as a target of the mammalian SPSB2 protein. The SOCS box is a peptide motif, which, in conjunction with elongins B and C, recruits cullin-5 and Rbx-2 to form an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this study, we show that SPSB1 is the only SPSB family member to be regulated by the same TLR pathways that induce iNOS expression and characterize the interaction between SPSB1 and iNOS. Through the use of SPSB1 transgenic mouse macrophages and short hairpin RNA knockdown of SPSB1, we show that SPSB1 controls both the induction of iNOS and the subsequent production of NO downstream of TLR3 and TLR4. Further, we demonstrate that regulation of iNOS by SPSB1 is dependent on the proteasome. These results suggest that SPSB1 acts through a negative-feedback loop that, together with SPSB2, controls the extent of iNOS induction and NO production.
Combining Liver- and Blood-Stage Malaria Viral-Vectored Vaccines: Investigating Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Interference
Authors: Forbes Emily K. , Biswas Sumi , Collins Katharine A. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Draper Simon J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Replication-deficient adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing single pre-erythrocytic or blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum Ags have entered clinical testing using a heterologous prime-boost immunization approach. In this study, we investigated the utility of the same immunization regimen when combining viral vectored vaccines expressing the 42-kDa C terminus of the blood-stage Ag merozoite surface protein 1 and the pre-erythrocytic Ag circumsporozoite protein in the Plasmodium yoelii mouse model. We find that vaccine coadministration leads to maintained Ab responses and efficacy against blood-stage infection, but reduced secondary CD8+ T cell responses against both Ags and efficacy against liver-stage infection. CD8+ T cell interference can be minimized by coadministering the MVA vaccines at separate sites, resulting in enhanced liver-stage efficacy in mice immunized against both Ags compared with just one. CD8+ T cell interference (following MVA coadministration as a mixture) may be caused partly by a lack of physiologic space for high-magnitude responses against multiple Ags, but is not caused by competition for presentation of Ag on MHC class I molecules, nor is it due to restricted T cell access to APCs presenting both Ags. Instead, enhanced killing of peptide-pulsed cells is observed in mice possessing pre-existing T cells against two Ags compared with just one, suggesting that priming against multiple Ags may in part reduce the potency of multiantigen MVA vectors to stimulate secondary CD8+ T cell responses. These data have important implications for the development of a multistage or multicomponent viral vectored malaria vaccine for use in humans.
Time and Costs of Insulin Treatment in the Care of Newly Registered Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Diabetes Clinics across Japan (JDDM 22)
Authors: Oishi Mariko , Yokoyama Hiroki , Abe Nobuyuki , Iwasaki Kouichi , Okuguchi Fuminobu , Kawai Koichi , Sugimto Hidekatsu , Takamura Hiroshi , Takeda Hiroshi , Doi Kunihiro , Hirao Kouichi , Ikeda Shunya 
Published: August 2011

Aims To study the time and costs of insulin treatment of newly registered outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods In total, 355 patients with T2DM were registered on their first visit to one of 11 diabetes clinics across Japan. Of these, 313 were not being treated with insulin (the non-insulin group), whereas 42 were (the insulin group). In the insulin group, 26 were already on insulin at the first visit, whereas 16 were started on insulin after their first visit. The time and costs involved in the care were recorded over the following 5 months. Results In the first 3 months, considerable time was expended in both groups, with the time spent by physicians a little (but significantly) longer for the insulin group. The total time expended by all care providers was approximately 1.3-fold greater for the insulin compared with the non-insulin group. The total cost and total cost/min for the insulin group was almost twice that for the non-insulin group. Over the 5-month period, mean HbA1c in the non-insulin group improved from 8.0% to 6.5%, with 72% achieving a glycemic target of HbA1c ≤ 6.5%. In contrast, in the insulin group, mean HbA1c improved from 9.4% to 7.6%, with only 39% achieving the target. There were no reports of major hypoglycemic events in either group and body mass index remained stable. Conclusions The insulin therapy for T2DM can be achieved safely and effectively at outpatient clinics, even though it requires considerably more time and resources than non-insulin therapy.
Composition Operators Induced by Analytic Maps to the Polydisk
Authors: Izuchi Kei Ji , Nguyen Quang Dieu , Ohno Shûichi 
Published: August 2011

Abstract We study properties of composition operators induced by symbols acting from the unit disk to the polydisk. This result will be involved in the investigation of weighted composition operators on the Hardy space on the unit disk and, moreover, be concerned with composition operators acting from the Bergman space to the Hardy space on the unit disk.
On the Notion of Visibility of Torsors
Authors: Agashe Amod 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLet J be an abelian variety and A be an abelian subvariety of J , both defined over Q. Let x be an element of H 1(Q; A ). Then there are at least two definitions of x being visible in J : one asks that the torsor corresponding to x be isomorphic over Q to a subvariety of J , and the other asks that x be in the kernel of the natural map H1 (Q;A ) → H 1(Q; J ). In this article, we clarify the relation between the two definitions.
Randers Metrics of Constant Scalar Curvature
Authors: Esra Sengelen Sevim , Shen Zhongmin 
Published: August 2011

Abstract.Randers metrics are a special class of Finsler metrics. Every Randers metric can be expressed in terms of a Riemannian metric and a vector field via Zermelo navigation. In this paper, we show that a Randers metric has constant scalar curvature if the Riemannian metric has constant scalar curvature and the vector field is homothetic
On Certain Multivariable Subnormal Weighted Shifts and their Duals
Authors: Athavale Ameer , Patil Pramod 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor every subnormalm-variable weighted shift S (with bounded positive weights), there is a corresponding positive Reinhardt measure μ supported on a compact Reinhardt subset ofℂm. We show that, form≥ 2, the dimensions of the 1-st cohomology vector spaces associated with the Koszul complexes of S and its dual S are different if a certain radial function happens to be integrable with respect to μ (which is indeed the case with many classical examples). In particular, S cannot in that case be similar to. We next prove that, form≥ 2, a Fredholm subnormalm-variable weighted shift S cannot be similar to its dual.
Intraretinal cyst secondary to longstanding retinal detachment
Authors: Verdaguer Paula , Nadal Jeroni 
Published: August 2011

Purpose To describe the diagnosis and management of an intraretinal cyst. Case Report A 34-year-old man with a history of retinal detachment presented sudden loss of vision in the left eye. Visual acuity was hand movement. Examination revealed hematic vitreous haze and ultrasound showed a rounded mobile object in the vitreous cavity. Results After differential diagnosis ruled out cysticercosis, pars plana vitrectomy revealed a neovascularized intraretinal macrocyst attached to a posterior flap of a 13-year-old retinal tear. Retinotomy and retinectomy were performed, removing this cyst located in the upper retina together with a portion of detached retina. At 1 year, the retina had adapted and the vitreous cavity was clear. Final visual acuity was 18/20. Conclusions Intraretinal cysts are usually asymptomatic and associated with long-standing retinal detachment, as seen in our clinical case. Periodic fundus examination is essential for their detection. Surgical treatment of the underlying condition usually leads to complete resolution.
Intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to laser photocoagulation for central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Pikkel Joseph , Rumelt Shimon 
Published: August 2011

Purpose Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a rare complication after laser photocoagulation for disorders such as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods We report 2 patients who developed CNV after laser treatment for persistent CSC and were treated by 3 1.25-mg intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in 1-month intervals. Results In both patients, best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/120 to 20/80 and from counting fingers at 3 feet to 20/100 over 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions The favorable outcome suggests that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab may be beneficial for patients who develop CNV after laser photocoagulation. The favorable outcome may be related to the limited pathology.
Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Authors: Sangle Nikhil A , Smock Kristi J 
Published: August 2011

Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against phospholipid-protein complexes and include lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti–beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is a common cause of acquired thrombophilia and is characterized by venous or arterial thromboembolism or pregnancy morbidity and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Antibodies should be demonstrable on at least 2 occasions separated by 12 weeks. Heterogeneity of the autoantibodies and absence of gold standard assays makes interpretation of laboratory results a challenge for both laboratorians and clinicians. This review discusses the key laboratory and clinical aspects of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Particular focus is given to lupus anticoagulant detection, in view of recently updated laboratory guidelines.
Solution Densities and Estimated Total Protein Contents Associated With Inappropriate Flotation of Separator Gel in Different Blood Collection Tubes
Authors: Faught Ronald C , Marshall James , Bornhorst Joshua 
Published: August 2011

Context.—Clinical samples that have densities greater than that of separator gel in specimen tubes may exhibit gel flotation to the top of the specimen upon centrifugation. Inappropriate separator gel flotation can occur in specimens with high protein content. In automated analytical systems, gel flotation can lead to mechanical disruption and potential inaccurate result reporting upon aspiration into instrument sampling probes.
Objective.—To determine the relative specimen densities and estimated total protein contents at which specimen gel flotation would occur upon centrifugation in commonly used commercial specimen tubes, a comparative study of separator gel density was initiated using prepared dextran solutions.
Design.—Specific gravity of several dextran solutions was determined by direct hydrometry. The dextran solutions were introduced to serum and plasma lithium heparin BD Vacutainer specimen tubes manufactured by Becton, Dickinson and Company and into Vacuette specimen tubes manufactured by Greiner Bio-One containing separator gel. Following centrifugation the specimen tubes were examined for gel flotation.
Results.—Flotation was observed at a lower dextran solution density for Greiner than for BD tubes in both serum and plasma separator gel specimen tubes. Additionally, some differences between specimen tube lots were observed for both BD and Greiner tubes. The total protein content in clinical samples that would result in gel flotation can be estimated for different specimen container types.
Conclusions.—Differences were observed for the gel separator specific gravity in different blood collection containers. Laboratories wishing to avoid problems with inappropriate gel flotation in high protein samples should consider these observations.
Three‐dimensional focusing of particles using negative dielectrophoretic force in a microfluidic chip with insulating microstructures and dual planar microelectrodes
Authors: Jen Chun‐Ping , Weng Cheng‐Hsin , Huang Ching‐Te 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe focusing of biological and synthetic particles in microfluidic devices is a prerequisite for the construction of microstructured materials, as well as for medical applications. In the present study, a microdevice that can effectively focus particles in three dimensions using a combination of insulator‐based and metal‐electrode dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been designed and fabricated. The DEP force is employed to confine the particles using a negative DEP response. Four insulating microstructures, which form an X‐pattern in the microchannel, were employed to distort the electric field between the insulators in a conducting solution, thereby generating regions with a high electric‐field gradient. Two strips of microelectrodes on the top and bottom surfaces were placed in the middle of the microchannel and connected to an electric pole. Two sets of dual‐planar electrodes connected to the opposite pole were placed at the sides of the microchannel at the top and bottom surfaces. The results of a transient simulation of tracks of polystyrene particles, which was performed using the commercial software package CFD‐ACE+ (ESI Group, France), demonstrate that the three‐dimensional focusing of particles was achieved when the applied voltage was larger than 35 V at a frequency of 1 MHz. Furthermore, the focusing performance increased with the increased strength of the applied electric field and decreased inlet flow rate. Experiments on particle focusing, employing polystyrene particles 10 μm in diameter, were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design; the results agree with the trend predicted by numerical simulations.
Reconfigurable bowtie electromagnetic bandgap‐based microwave filters
Authors: Assimonis Stylianos D. , Lalas Antonios X. , Kantartzis Nikolaos V. , Yioultsis Traianos V. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA controllable bowtie‐like electromagnetic bandgap (EBG)‐based microwave filter is proposed in this article. The device exploits EBG properties to form the desired stopband, whereas tunability is used by means of switching elements. Numerical analysis is performed by a finite element scheme revealing the DC‐extending bandstop behavior of the structure. In addition, a prototype of the proposed filter is constructed and measured. Experimental data demonstrate the robustness of the conducted simulations, while an adequate tuning range is observed. The simple, yet efficient and easily fabricated, design promises operational reconfigurability combined with amplitude tunability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2472–2474, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26316
Improved axial feeding of Fabry–Perot resonator for high‐resolution spectroscopy applications
Authors: Černý Petr , Piksa Petr , Zvánovec Stanislav , Kořínek Tomáš , Kabourek Václav 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article presents the methods of broadband axial feeding of a Fabry–Perot resonator. The resonator was originally designed with the radial excitation for the absorption measurement in the frequency band ranging from 18 to 80 GHz. If the frequency stays below ∼26.4 GHz, the excitation of resonator is less satisfactory, since at the frequency in question, the value of Fresnel number of resonator drops to one. For the broadband measurement of gaseous samples' emission spectra, the excitations for frequencies lower than 26.4 GHz were analyzed using the capacitive coupling and two newly proposed couplings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2456–2462, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26344
An algorithm to identify avoidance behavior in moving object trajectories
Authors: Alvares Luis Otavio , Loy Alisson Moscato , Renso Chiara , Bogorny Vania 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Research on trajectory behavior has increased significantly in the last few years. The focus has been on the search for patterns considering the movement of the moving object in space and time, essentially looking for similar geometric properties and dense regions. This paper proposes an algorithm to detect a new kind of behavior pattern that identifies when a moving object is avoiding specific spatial regions, such as security cameras. This behavior pattern is called avoidance. The algorithm was evaluated with real trajectory data and achieved very good results.
Unique relations of age and delinquency with cognitive control☆
Authors: Iselin Anne‐Marie R. , DeCoster Jamie 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTContext processing has significant empirical support as an explanation of age‐ and psychopathology‐related deficiencies in cognitive control. We examined whether context processing generalizes to younger individuals who are in trouble with the law. We tested whether age and delinquency might have unique relations to context processing skills in four samples of male participants: adolescent offenders (n = 43), control adolescents (n = 33), young adult offenders (n = 40), and control young adults (n = 31). We used a modified Stroop task to measure context processing (i.e., attention, memory, and response inhibition). Task performance was superior for older participants in conditions most demanding of context processing skills. Adolescent offenders and control adolescents showed difficulties engaging selective attention to filter out irrelevant information, even after controlling for the effects of age. Control adolescents made the most errors in the condition most demanding of context processing, whereas the other three samples showed slower processing but fewer errors in context processing.
Ovarian cancer during pregnancy
Authors: Gezginç Kazım , Karataylı Rengin , Yazıcı Fatma , Acar Ali , Çelik Çetin , Çapar Metin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical features, pregnancy outcome, and treatment of patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy.MethodsThe present study was a retrospective review of 11 cases of ovarian cancer detected during pregnancy. The women were treated and followed up at Selçuk University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey, during 2006–2010.ResultsApproximately half the patients were asymptomatic (5 [45.5%]) and diagnosed during cesarean delivery (6 [54.5%]). The histopathologic tumor categories comprised malignant epithelial ovarian tumor (4 [36.4%]), borderline tumor (4 [36.4%]), malignant germ cell tumor (2 [18.2%]), and sex cord stromal tumor (1 [9.1%]). Nine (81.8%) tumors were classified as stage I. Conservative surgery was performed in 10 (90.9%) patients. A patient with stage IIIC serous papillary adenocarcinoma underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. A patient with dysgerminoma in stage IV died on follow‐up. Three infants were born premature; they were followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit with satisfactory outcomes.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Tumor staging is possible during pregnancy, but the appropriateness of surgery needs to be considered carefully. Ideally, the treatment strategy should be discussed and structured on an individual basis.
Stillbirth rate at an emerging tertiary health institution in Enugu, southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ezugwu Euzebus C. , Onah Hyacinth E. , Ezegwui Hygenius U. , Nnaji Chidi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the stillbirth rate and factors predisposing to a stillbirth delivery at a teaching hospital in Nigeria, with the aim of identifying solutions.MethodA descriptive study of all stillbirths delivered at Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Nigeria between January 1 and December 31, 2009. The sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers were documented and the possible causes of death were analyzed.ResultsThere were 153 stillbirths and 2064 total deliveries, giving a stillbirth rate of 74 per 1000 deliveries. Of the stillbirths, 52.3% were fresh and 47.7% were macerated. Women who had not received prenatal care had a significantly higher stillbirth rate (P < 0.05). The most likely cause of a macerated stillbirth was a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, whereas the likely causes of fresh stillbirths were labor‐related. The “3 levels of delay” and injudicious use of oxytocin in labor contributed to the intrapartum stillbirths (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe stillbirth rate recorded in the study institution is unacceptably high. Appropriate prenatal care, timely intervention, and prompt and appropriate intrapartum care are key to achieving a reduction in the stillbirth rate.
A 5‐day educational program for teaching cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid in low‐resource settings
Authors: Levine Lisa D. , Chudnoff Scott G. , Taylor Kathleen , Baganizi Michael , Banks Erika 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of an educational program in visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical cancer screening among healthcare providers in 2 low‐resource countries.MethodsA cohort of multidisciplinary healthcare workers in Uganda and El Salvador were recruited to the study. A pretest was administered before the intervention of a 5‐day educational program on VIA. A posttest was performed immediately after the educational program and again at a 6‐month follow‐up visit to assess retention of knowledge.ResultsIn total, 42 (93%) of the healthcare workers who participated in the educational program completed the initial posttest evaluation, and 18 (40%) healthcare workers completed the 6‐month follow‐up evaluation. Mean test scores increased after participation in the training session (62% versus 81%; P < 0.001). The self‐reported comfort level for identifying cellular abnormalities also increased (2.1 versus 3.3; P < 0.001). At 6‐month follow‐up, the mean test score remained higher than pretest scores (79% versus 57%; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the initial and 6‐month posttest scores (80% versus 79%; P = 0.20).ConclusionThe educational program in VIA provided healthcare workers with the tools potentially to decrease the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer in the 2 low‐resource countries.
Extending KNIME for next-generation sequencing data analysis
Authors: Jagla Bernd , Wiswedel Bernd , Coppée Jean-Yves 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Summary: KNIME (Konstanz Information Miner) is a user-friendly and comprehensive open-source data integration, processing, analysis and exploration platform. We present here new functionality and workflows that open the door to performing next-generation sequencing analysis using the KNIME framework.
Availability: All sources and compiled code are available via the KNIME update mechanism. Example workflows and descriptions are available through http://tech.knime.org/community/next-generation-sequencing.
Contact: bernd.jagla@pasteur.fr
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.