bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of lipopolysaccharide‐binding peptide regions within HMGB1 and their effects on subclinical endotoxemia in a mouse model
Authors: Youn Ju Ho , Kwak Man Sup , Wu Jie , Kim Eun Sook , Ji Yeounjung , Min Hyun Jin , Yoo Ji‐Ho , Choi Ji Eun , Cho Hyun‐Soo , Shin Jeon‐Soo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers deleterious systemic inflammatory responses when released into the circulation. LPS‐binding protein (LBP) in the serum plays an important role in modifying LPS toxicity by facilitating its interaction with LPS signaling receptors, which are expressed on the surface of LPS‐responsive cells. We have previously demonstrated that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can bind to and transfer LPS, consequently increasing LPS‐induced TNF‐α production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We report here on the identification of two LPS‐binding domains within HMGB1. Furthermore, using 12 synthetic HMGB1 peptides, we define the LPS‐binding regions within each domain. Among them, synthetic peptides HPep1 and HPep6, which are located in the A and B box domains of HMGB1, bind to the polysaccharide and lipid A moieties of LPS respectively. Both HPep1 and HPep6 peptides inhibited binding of LPS to LBP and HMGB1, LBP‐mediated LPS transfer to CD14, and cellular uptake of LPS in RAW264.7 cells. These peptides also inhibited LPS‐induced TNF‐α release in human PBMCs and induced lower levels of TNF‐α in the serum in a subclinical endotoxemia mouse model. These results indicate that HMGB1 has two LPS‐binding peptide regions that can be utilized to design anti‐sepsis or LPS‐neutralizing therapeutics.
Enzymatic Total Synthesis of Banana Volatile (S)‐2‐Pentyl (R)‐3‐Hydroxyhexanoate
Authors: Kallergi Maria , Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Smonou Ioulia 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe banana volatile (S)‐2‐pentyl (R)‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate has been synthesized in 79 % yield and high optical purity (>99 % ee, >99 % de) starting from methyl 3‐oxohexanoate and 2‐pentanone. The synthetic method consists of three steps and the key reactions are enzymatic reduction and enzymatic transesterification.
Stereoselective Addition of Grignard Reagents to New P‐Chirogenic N‐Phosphinoylbenzaldimines: Effect of the Phosphorus Substituents on the Stereoselectivity
Authors: Notar Francesco Irene , Egloff Coraline , Wagner Alain , Colobert Françoise 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeveral phosphinoylimines have been synthesized in five steps by starting from the appropriate phosphane oxide and were then treated with methylmagnesium bromide to give both diastereoisomers in high yields and with promising diastereomeric ratios. Then N‐[(tert‐butyl)(phenyl)phosphinoyl]benzaldimine, which displayed the best results, was subjected to the 1,2‐addition of various Grignard reagents to evaluate the best chiral induction due to the stereogenic phosphorus atom. The corresponding adducts were obtained in excellent yields and with moderate to excellent diastereoisomeric ratios.
A Novel Rearrangement of Cyclic Glutamine Derivatives: Ring Contraction in 3,6‐Diamino‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyridin‐2‐ones to Yield 5‐Iminoproline Amides
Authors: Belov Vladimir N. , Sokolov Viktor V. , Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , de Meijere Armin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new rearrangement of the cyclic L‐glutamine derivative(S)‐6‐carbamoylamino‐3‐(methylamino)‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyridin‐2‐one (2) and its descarbamoyl analogue 10‐H was found to yield enantiomerically pure 5‐carbamoylimino‐1‐methyl‐L‐proline amide (12‐CONH2) and its descarbamoyl analogue 12‐H, respectively. Cyclic amidines 2 and 10‐H were generated from the amide N2‐ZGlnOEt 3 in seven and six steps, respectively. Deprotection of (S)‐6‐amino‐3‐[(N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐N‐methyl)amino]‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyridin‐2‐one (8) led directly to 5‐iminoproline amide 12‐H (via 10‐H and the bicyclic orthoamidine 11‐H) in 66 % overall yield from 3. Carbamoylation of 8 with ZNCO (Z = PhCH2OCO) followed by hydrolytic removal of both Z groups gave 5‐(carbamoylimino)proline amide 12‐CONH2 (via 2 and orthoamidine 11‐CONH2) in 70 % overall yield from 3.
Soil loss rates due to piping erosion
Authors: Verachtert E. , Maetens W. , Van Den Eeckhaut M. , Poesen J. , Deckers J. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTCompared with surface soil erosion by water, subsurface erosion (piping) is generally less studied and harder to quantify. However, wherever piping occurs, it is often a significant or even the main sediment source. In this study, the significance of soil loss due to piping is demonstrated through an estimation of soil volume lost from pipes and pipe collapses (n = 560) in 137 parcels under pasture on loess‐derived soils in a temperate humid climate (Belgium). Assuming a period of 5 to 10 years for pipe collapse to occur, mean soil loss rates of 2.3 and 4.6 t ha−1 yr−1 are obtained, which are at least one order of magnitude higher than surface erosion rates (0.01–0.29 t ha−1 yr−1) by sheet and rill erosion under a similar land use. The results obtained for the study area in the Flemish Ardennes correspond well to other measurements in temperate environments; they are, however, considerably smaller than soil loss rates due to subsurface erosion in semi‐arid environments. Although local slope gradient and drainage area largely control the location of collapsed pipes in the study area, these topographic parameters do not explain differences in eroded volumes by piping. Hence, incorporation of subsurface erosion in erosion models is not straightforward. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire behavior and smoke emission of phosphate–based inorganic fire‐retarded polyester resin
Authors: Ricciardi M. R. , Antonucci V. , Zarrelli M. , Giordano M. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe fire behavior and the smoke emission of an unsaturated polyester resin modified by the addition of three phosphorus‐based fire‐retardant materials (ammonium polyphosphate (APP), silane‐coated APP, and melamine pyrophosphate) at two concentration levels (20% w/w, 35% w/w) have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy analysis have been performed to verify the dispersion and the action mechanism of additives within the resin. Results from cone calorimetric tests demonstrated that the incorporation of the fire retardants at 35% w/w has a strong effect on flammability and smoke suppressant properties with respect to both the neat resin and the loaded systems at 20% (w/w). In particular, the smoke formation and smoke parameters are reduced by 50% and 80%, respectively, leading to the conclusion that APP can be used single‐handedly without combination with specific smoke suppressors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated, Model‐Based Analysis of Uj‐Data for Electrolyte‐Supported SOFC Short‐Stacks
Authors: Linder M. , Hocker T. , Denzler R. , Mai A. , Iwanschitz B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA simplified model is presented to analyse current–voltage characteristics of electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks that run on reformed hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas. The model takes into account the fuel reforming process, fuel leakages and electrochemical conversions all in an idealised manner, i.e. it assumes thermodynamic equilibrium. However, the model explicitly accounts for parameter variations that are often unavoidable under realistic testing conditions. These variations include changes in the fuel composition, changes in the fuel mass fluxes and changes in the operation temperature. In addition, internal repeat unit resistances as extracted from current–voltage data are compared with the ohmic and polarisation losses obtained from independent electrical impedance measurements data. Since the data analysis is done in a highly automated fashion, large sets of current–voltage data can be compared and ‘normal' data sets can be discriminated from ‘abnormal' ones. The model has the potential to accelerate testing by eliminating variations that lead to corruption and unwanted scattering of current–voltage data.
Increased inhibition and enhancement of memory retrieval are associated with reduced hippocampal volume
Authors: Depue B.E. , Banich M.T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPutative control of encoding and retrieval processes have been linked to communication between the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the hippocampus. Moreover, correlations between the LPFC (e.g., MFG) and hippocampus have predicted individuals' ability to inhibit memory retrieval. Anatomically, differences in volume of the hippocampus have been related to changes in long‐term episodic memories. Although the relationship between these ideas is clear, few studies have examined the association of how anatomy may affect the role of control over brain regions involved in distint memory processes. The current study sought to examine hippocampal volume and its relationship to LPFC control over the hippocampus. Using an automated cortical/subcortical segmentation technique (FIRST) on brain imaging gata from the Think/No‐Think task, we show that hippocampal volume is associated to changes in both enhancement and inhibitory processes of memory retrival. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Derivatives of molecular surface area and volume: Simple and exact analytical formulas
Authors: Klenin Konstantin V. , Tristram Frank , Strunk Timo , Wenzel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe computational effort of biomolecular simulations can be significantly reduced by means of implicit solvent models in which the energy generally contains a correction depending on the surface area and/or the volume of the molecule. In this article, we present simple derivation of exact, easy‐to‐use analytical formulas for these quantities and their derivatives with respect to atomic coordinates. In addition, we provide an efficient, linear‐scaling algorithm for the construction of the power diagram required for practical implementation of these formulas. Our approach is implemented in a C++ header‐only template library. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Comparison of ionic liquid, acid and alkali pretreatments for sugarcane bagasse enzymatic saccharification
Authors: Yoon Li Wan , Ngoh Gek Cheng , May Chua Adeline Seak , Hashim Mohd. Ali 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Much attention has been given to applying ionic liquids (ILs) as an alternative pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass. This study aims to select the most suitable type of IL for pretreating sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The potential of ILs for pretreatment was evaluated and compared with conventional pretreatment media, acids and alkalis. The performance of the pretreatment media was evaluated based on the amount of reducing sugar produced from enzymatic saccharification, the energy requirement, and changes in the chemical structure and crystallinity index of the pretreated bagasse.RESULTS: 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM]oAc was selected as the most suitable IL for SCB pretreatment. The optimum yields of reducing sugar obtained from [EMIM]oAc‐, alkali‐, and acid‐pretreated SCB were 69.5%, 92.8% and 41.3%, respectively. Although a lower yield of reducing sugar was obtained, [EMIM]oAc pretreatment required the least energy to pretreat 1 kg of SCB. Moreover, the percentage of SCB loss during [EMIM]oAc pretreatment was the lowest. [EMIM]oAc‐pretreated SCB also had the lowest crystallinity index (CI) with the most amorphous structure.CONCLUSION: [EMIM]oAc appears to be another option for pretreating SCB, and other issues such as the recyclability of [EMIM]oAc is worth investigating. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of corn thin stillage: a technical and energetic assessment of the corn‐to‐ethanol industry integrated with anaerobic digestion
Authors: Lee Po‐Heng , Bae Jaeho , Kim Jeonghwan , Chen Wen‐Hsing 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to reduce the VS (volatile solid) and recover energy (methane) from thin stillage through mesophilic anaerobic digestion in corn–ethanol plants. The performance of a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) was evaluated in this study.RESULTS: The results show no differences in volatile solid (VS) destruction (82–83%) in the reactor with HRTs ranging from 25 to 40 days. The maximum volumetric methane production rate of 1.41 L L−1 day−1 was produced at 25‐day HRT, whereas the maximum methane yield of approximately 0.63 L CH4 g−1 VSfed (0.77 L g−1 VSremoved) was achieved with HRTs between 30 and 40 days. Simulation results using a kinetic model indicate that the reactor needs to be operated for longer than 23 days in order to achieve 80% of maximum methane yield. The techno‐economic potential of a corn–ethanol facility to produce an estimated 57% energy recovery using mesophilic anaerobic digestion has long been overlooked. A corn–ethanol plant integrated with mesophilic anaerobic digestion increases the net energy balance ratio from 1.26 to 1.80.CONCLUSION: Mesophilic anaerobic digestion complements the corn–ethanol business so that the sustainable energy obtained from corn recovery is made more lucrative and renewable. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic regulation of aquaglyceroporin expression in erythrocyte cultures from cold‐ and warm‐acclimated cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis
Authors: Mutyam Venkateshwar , Puccetti Matthew V. , Frisbie James , Goldstein David L. , Krane Carissa M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis,is a freeze‐tolerant anuran which accumulates and distributes glycerol as a cryoprotectant before freezing. We hypothesize that HC‐3, an aquaglyceroporin member of the MIP family of water pores, may play an important role in the process of freeze tolerance by mediating transmembrane passage of glycerol and water during cold‐acclimation. The objectives of this study were two‐fold: to examine HC‐3 protein abundance and cellular localization in erythrocytes from cold‐ and warm‐acclimated frogs and to develop and characterize an erythrocyte cell culture system for examining HC‐3 gene regulation. Compared with warm‐acclimated frogs, erythrocytes from cold‐acclimated frogs had higher HC‐3 protein expression and enhanced plasma membrane localization. Furthermore, erythrocytes from cold‐ and warm‐acclimated frogs maintained in culture at 4 and 20°C exhibited time‐ and temperature‐dependent regulation of HC‐3 expression and an increase in the abundance of high molecular weight immunoreactive species within 24 hr of culture at 20°C. Deglycosylation of erythrocyte proteins resulted in the disappearance of the high molecular weight species, indicating that HC‐3 is post‐translationally modified by N‐linked glycosylation. Erythrocytes cultured in media containing glycerol also showed an increased abundance of the high molecular weight bands and enhanced plasma membrane localization of HC‐3, suggesting a role for glycerol in regulating HC‐3 subcellular trafficking. Thus, the development of this erythrocyte cell culture system from H. chrysoscelis opened an opportunity to study the properties of cells with changing expression of an aquaglyceroporin, HC‐3, and to explore the factors regulating that expression. J. Exp. Zool. 315:424–437, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microwave assisted synthesis of 2,6‐substituted aromatic‐aminopurine derivatives
Authors: Lu Hong‐Fei , Zhang Liang‐Ze , Wu Ding‐Ming , Zhou Jun‐Tao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of novel 2, 6‐diaromatic‐aminopurines (6a–6t) have been synthesized from guanine and characterized fully. The effects of different catalysts on the N‐alkylation of 2‐position of purine ring were discussed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
An efficient synthesis of 5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐(5‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐(4‐phenylthiazol‐2‐yl)pyrazoles
Authors: Dong Wang‐Jun , Cui Fu‐Hong , Gao Zhong‐Lian , Li Rong‐Shan , Shen Guo‐Liang , Dong Heng‐Shan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSome new target products 5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐(5‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐(4‐phenylthiazol‐2‐yl)pyrazoles 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j have been synthesized by reaction of 2‐bromo‐1‐phenylethanone and compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4j which were prepared from the combination of thiosemicarbazide and (E)‐3‐aryl‐1‐(5‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i, 3j. All the structures were established by MS, IR, CHN, and 1H NMR spectra data. Synthesis of structure diversity is applied. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Chronic isolation stress predisposes the frontal cortex but not the hippocampus to the potentially detrimental release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the activation of caspase‐3
Authors: Filipović D. , Zlatković J. , Inta D. , Bjelobaba I. , Stojiljkovic M. , Gass P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMitochondria are central integrators and transducers of proapoptotic signals for neuronal apoptosis. The tumor suppressor protein p53 can trigger apoptosis independently of its transcriptional activity, through subcellular translocation of cytochrome c and caspase activation. To define better the proapoptotic role of p53 under various stress conditions, we investigated the protein levels of p53 and cytochrome c in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions, as well as caspase‐3 activation and apoptosis, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats subjected to acute, chronic, or combined stressors. Mitochondrial p53 can suppress the antioxidant enzyme MnSOD, so its activity was also determined. In the prefrontal cortex, but not in hippocampus, increased protein levels of p53 were found in mitochondria, leading to cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, activation of caspase‐3, and apoptotic cell death following combined stressors. Decreased mitochondrial MnSOD activity following combined stressors in both brain structures indicated a state of oxidative stress. This suggests that chronic isolation stress compromises mitochondrial MnSOD activity in both the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus but likely results in mitochondrial‐triggered proapoptotic signaling mediated by a transcription‐independent p53 mechanism only in the prefrontal cortex. Thus, our data demonstrate a tissue‐specific (prefrontal cortex vs. hippocampus) response to applied stressors. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of laterally wedged shoes on the loading of the medial knee compartment‐in vivo measurements with instrumented knee implants
Authors: Kutzner Ines , Damm Philipp , Heinlein Bernd , Dymke Jörn , Graichen Friedmar , Bergmann Georg 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA conventional method to unload the medial compartment of patients with gonarthrosis and thus to achieve pain reduction is the use of laterally wedged shoes. Our aim was to measure in vivo their effect on medial compartment loads using instrumented knee implants. Medial tibio‐femoral contact forces were measured in six subjects with instrumented knee implants during walking with the following shoes: without wedge, with 5 and 10 mm wedges under the lateral sole, and with a laterally wedged insole (5 mm). Measurements were repeated with the shoes in combination with an ankle‐stabilizing orthosis. Without orthosis, peak medial forces were reduced by only 1–4% on average. With orthosis, the average reduction was 2–7%. Highest reductions were generally observed with the 10 mm wedge, followed by the 5 mm wedge, and the 5 mm insole. Individual force reductions reached up to 15%. Medial force reductions while walking with wedged shoes were generally small. Due to high inter‐individual differences, it seems that some patients might benefit from lateral wedges, whereas others might not. Further analyses of the individual kinematics will show which factors are most decisive for the reduction of medial compartment load. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1910–1915, 2011
Propagation of the Storegga tsunami into ice‐free lakes along the southern shores of the Barents Sea
Authors: Romundset Anders , Bondevik Stein 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDeposits in coastal lakes in northernmost Norway reveal that the Storegga tsunami propagated well into the Barents Sea ca. 8100–8200 years ago. A tsunami deposit – found in cores from five coastal lakes located near the North Cape in Finnmark – rests on an erosional unconformity and consists of graded sand layers and re‐deposited organic remains. Rip‐up clasts of lake mud, peat and soil suggest strong erosion of the lake floor and neighbouring land. Inundation reached at least 500 m inland and minimum vertical run‐up has been reconstructed to 3–4 m. In this part of the Arctic coastal lakes are usually covered by >1 m of solid lake ice in winter. The significant erosion and deposition of rip‐up clasts indicate that the lakes were ice free and that the ground was probably not frozen. We suggest that the Storegga slide and ensuing tsunami happened sometime in the summer season, between April and October. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of acetanilide herbicides in cereal crops using accelerated solvent extraction, solid‐phase extraction and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Yang Jun , Shi Ronghua , Su Qingde , Yao Li , Li Panpan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA method was developed to determine eight acetanilide herbicides from cereal crops based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography‐electron capture detector (GC‐ECD) analysis. During the ASE process, the effect of four parameters (temperature, static time, static cycles and solvent) on the extraction efficiency was considered and compared with shake‐flask extraction method. After extraction with ASE, four SPE tubes (graphitic carbon black/primary secondary amine (GCB/PSA), GCB, Florisil and alumina‐N) were assayed for comparison to obtain the best clean‐up efficiency. The results show that GCB/PSA cartridge gave the best recoveries and cleanest chromatograms. The analytical process was validated by the analysis of spiked blank samples. Performance characteristics such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision and recovery were studied. At 0.05 mg/kg spiked level, recoveries and precision values for rice, wheat and maize were 82.3–115.8 and 1.1–13.6%, respectively. For all the herbicides, LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 μg/kg and from 2.4 to 5.3 μg/kg, respectively. The proposed analytical methodology was applied for the analysis of the targets in samples; only three herbicides, propyzamid, metolachlor and diflufenican, were detected in two samples.