bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid silver nanoparticles: Modes of synthesis and various biomedical applications
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Singh Shivang , Maddiboyina Balaji , Kandalam SaiKrishna , Walski Tomasz , Bohara Raghvendra A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present day, there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles, which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite system. These modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials science. The fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applications in a wide range of areas, including therapy to diagnosis. The focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles, providing a concise description of hybrid silver nanoparticles, exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles, and highlighting their advantages. Additionally, we discussed core‐shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category, such as dielectric, metal, or semiconductor. The two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also reviewed. Furthermore, various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal nanoparticles. This choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge, which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid solution. Silica shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness, robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid nanoparticle. Therefore, among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles; silica is highly approved.
Perspectives and preliminary experiences of psychedelics for the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Cuerva Karolina , Spirou Dean , Cuerva Adrian , Delaquis Chantal , Raman Jayanthi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveResearch regarding the therapeutic application of psychedelics and psychedelic‐assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of eating disorders (EDs) has begun to emerge. This systematic scoping review aimed to map and synthesise the existing evidence regarding the participant reported efficacy and perspectives concerning psychedelics in the treatment of EDs, and to identify significant research gaps.MethodA systematic search was undertaken across several databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Results1290 publications were identified, 1135 after duplicates removed, with 17 meeting full‐eligibility criteria. Overall, findings suggested that most participants reported experiencing a meaningful reduction in their ED symptoms and having positive experiences or an openness to explore psychedelics as a treatment for ED symptoms, although some noted concerns of adverse effects and the importance of having psychological support to increase safety and efficacy.ConclusionsWhile preliminary research suggests psychedelics and psychedelic‐assisted psychotherapy may be a viable treatment option for ED symptoms, further research with more robust research designs is required to increase confidence in its efficacy, generalisability, and safety as a therapeutic medium.
Forecasting the direction of the Fed's monetary policy decisions using random forest
Authors: Yoon Jungyeon , Fan Juanjuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe federal funds target rate is commonly considered to be an important indicator of the state of the US economy and is of keen interest to individual investors, financial firms, and other economic agents. In this paper, we focus on the discrete changes in the federal funds target rate during the period from January 1994 to June 2022 and apply the ordinal forest model, a random forest‐based prediction method for ordinal response variable. We examine the model's performance with 45 predictor variables which include macroeconomic and financial variables as well as forward‐looking survey measures. For an accurate and honest measure of the model performance, we employ single‐period‐ahead out‐of‐sample forecasting accuracy instead of evaluating the in‐sample fit. Our empirical results show the ordinal forest method significantly outperforms a benchmark that uses the most recent data among previous studies on federal funds target rate. We find that TB spread is the most informative from a forecasting perspective along with GDP, initial jobless claims, and survey measures.
Laser‐processed lithium niobate wafer for pyroelectric sensor
Authors: Xin Di , Han Jing , Song Wei , Han Wenbin , Wang Meng , Li Zhimeng , Zhang Yunwu , Li Yang , Liu Hong , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Dehui , Zhou Weijia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the past few decades, pyroelectric sensors have attracted extensive attention due to their prominent features. However, their effectiveness is hindered by low electric output. In this study, the laser processed lithium niobate (LPLN) wafers are fabricated to improve the temperature–voltage response. These processed wafers are utilized to construct pyroelectric sensors as well as human–machine interfaces. The laser induces escape of oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies, which enhance the charge transport capability on the surface of lithium niobate (LN). Therefore, the electrodes gather an increased quantity of charges, increasing the pyroelectric voltage on the LPLN wafers to a 1.3 times higher voltage than that of LN wafers. For the human–machine interfaces, tactile information in various modes can be recognized by a sensor array and the temperature warning system operates well. Therefore, the laser modification approach is promising to enhance the performance of pyroelectric devices for applications in human–machine interfaces.image
Nitrous oxide emissions from soybean in response to drained and undrained soils and previous corn nitrogen management
Authors: Fabrizzi Karina P. , Fernández Fabián G. , Venterea Rodney T. , Naeve Seth L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile corn (Zea mays L.)‐soybean (Glycine max. Merr. L) is a predominant rotation system in the US Midwest the residual effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization to corn on the following year's soybean and N2O emissions under different soil drainage conditions has not been studied. Our objective was to quantify agronomic parameters and season‐long N2O emissions from soybean as affected by N management (0‐N and optimum N rate of 135 kg N ha−1 as single or split application) during the previous corn crop under drained and undrained systems. Urea was applied to corn, and residual N effects were measured on soybean the following year in a poorly drained soil with and without subsurface tile drainage. Drainage reduced N2O emissions in one of three growing seasons but had no effect on soybean yield or N removal in grain. Nitrogen management in the previous corn crop had no effect on soybean grain yield, N removal, or N2O emissions during the soybean phase. Even though soybean symbiotically fixes N and removes more N in grain than corn, N2O emissions were more than two times greater during the corn phase (mean = 1.83 kg N ha−1) due to N fertilization than during the soybean phase (mean = 0.80 kg N ha−1). Also, N2O emissions in the corn years were increased possibly due to decomposition of the previous year's soybean crop residue compared to corn residue decomposition in the soybean years. Tile drainage, especially where wet soil conditions are prevalent, is a viable option to mitigate agricultural N2O emissions.
Evaluating the East Asian summer precipitation from the perspective of dominant intermodel spread modes and its implication for future projection
Authors: Shi Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new skill score (SS) is proposed to evaluate the performance of climatological East Asian summer precipitation (EASP) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) over the historical period. By applying the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) to the EASP bias of CMIP6 models, the intermodel spread of EASP bias is revealed to be dominated by the first two modes: the uniform precipitation bias pattern and the north–south dipole precipitation bias pattern. Then the SS is constructed by the weighted‐average model‐observation distances regarding different EOF modes, where the model‐observation distance in a certain EOF mode is defined as the difference between their principal components, and the weight is the corresponding percentage variance. The perfect‐models ensemble based on the SS shows a spatial magnitude close to the observation, indicating that the SS effectively depicts the models' historical performance. However, no robust relationship is found between the model's historical performance and future projection regarding the EASP. This is because they are governed by different physical factors. The historical EASM is determined by the thermal responses to a specific radiative forcing, while the future change in EASP is associated with the warming rate along with the increased radiative forcing.
The opportunities and challenges of crisis cartel during demand disruptions: A game theoretic study
Authors: Raju Sarin , T M Rofin , Kumar Saraf Pavan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrisis cartel refers to the collaboration between organisations during unprecedented conditions to counter the effect of disruption during an economic crisis. Despite its prevalence, scholarly attention to this phenomenon remains scant. Employing a dual‐channel framework involving manufacturers, online retailers (ORs) and traditional brick‐and‐mortar retailers (BMRs), the authors scrutinised the efficacy of crisis cartels in mitigating the impact of negative demand disruptions. Three distinct game theoretic frameworks were applied to model the interactive dynamics between the supply chain partners, namely, the horizontal Nash game, the Stackelberg game and the collusion game. It was observed that, during disruption under crisis cartels, the optimal price and profit of both the downstream channel partners increased, whereas the optimal order quantity decreased. Manufacturers and consumers are worse off in terms of profit and consumer surplus, respectively, during the crisis cartel engagement between BMR and OR. Nonetheless, a crisis cartel emerged as a potential solution to address negative demand disruptions. In evaluating post‐disruption cartels, the study finds the necessity of regulating crisis cartels. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, market regulators and practitioners, suggesting the need for strategic regulatory adjustments to effectively manage disruptions through the prudent utilisation of crisis cartel as a proactive management tool. The study expands existing theory by providing novel insights into the strategic interactions and dynamics within collaborative responses to demand disruptions, thus offering a pioneering approach to crisis management research.
Effect of a home‐based physical activity program on metabolic syndrome in Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes: Protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amin Mohammed , Kerr Debra , Atiase Yacoba , Samir Misbah Muhammad , Driscoll Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo describe the protocol of a feasibility trial designed to test the preliminary effect of a 12‐week culturally appropriate physical activity programme on metabolic syndrome markers and quality of life in Ghanaian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).DesignFeasibility randomised controlled trial.MethodsThrough random allocation, 90 adults with T2DM will be allocated to either the control group (CG) (n = 45) or the intervention group (IG) (n = 45). The IG will receive the physical activity programme in addition to their usual diabetes care; those in the CG will receive their usual diabetes care. Measurements will be performed at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. The primary outcome is a change in metabolic syndrome markers in the IG compared to the CG. Secondary outcomes are: (a) a change in quality of life in the IG compared to the CG, (b) the feasibility of implementation.ResultsFindings will inform the design of a future large‐scale trial.Patient or Public ContributionPatients with T2DM and their healthcare professionals contributed to this study protocol by participating in semi‐structured interviews towards the design of the physical activity programme.Clinical Trial Registration NumberThe trial is registered in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ACTRN12622000323729p).
Professional autonomy among Registered Nurses—Validation of the translation of the Dempster Practice Behaviour Scale and survey results
Authors: Pursio Katja , Kankkunen Päivi , Kvist Tarja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo test the psychometric properties of the Finnish version of the Dempster Practice Behaviour Scale and explore nurses' professional autonomy along with which characteristics are related to it.DesignAn instrument validation and a descriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe web‐based survey was conducted in September 2021 at two university hospitals in Finland. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the factor structure of the modified instrument, while Cronbach's α coefficients were calculated to determine the reliability of the scale. Descriptive univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine Registered Nurses' professional autonomy. The study followed STROBE guidelines.ResultsDuring the validation process, the 30 items of the Dempster Practice Behaviour Scale were reduced to 25 items. The S‐CVI/Ave for the translated scale was 0.94. When one additional item was omitted from the EFA, the results supported five factors, which explained 45.9% of the total variance. The mean overall autonomy score was 3.63 out of 5, with readiness and empowerment the subscales with the highest and lowest, respectively, mean values. The linear regression models showed that age, nursing experience, unit type, education, shift, and perceptions of the importance of professional autonomy were related to the subscales describing professional autonomy.ConclusionThe psychometric testing provided evidence that the translated instrument was reliable. Nurses assessed that they are skilled professionals who are accountable for their actions. However, they experienced rather low levels of professional autonomy in empowerment and valuation. Health care organizations should consider this through authentic leadership and, thus, possibly strengthen professional autonomy.
Changes in daily nursing needs and self‐care capability of people with diabetes after in‐hospital treatment for foot complications: A descriptive study
Authors: Annersten Gershater Magdalena , Zdravkovic Slobodan , Elgzyri Targ 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimA limited number of studies discuss the changes in patients' self‐care skills and needs for assisted self‐care after discharge from in‐patient treatment due to diabetes foot ulcer‐related complications. The aim of this study was to examine the ability to perform self‐care and needs for assisted nursing interventions at hospital discharge, compared to pre‐admission, for people with diabetes admitted and treated for foot ulcer‐related complications.DesignRetrospective patient record study.MethodsA retrospective assessment was done on the medical records of a total of 134 patients with diabetes consecutively admitted to a specialist in‐patient unit due to foot ulcer complications, between 1 November 2017 and 30 August 2018. Data on daily self‐care needs and home situations at admission and discharge were recorded.ResultsThe median age was 72 years (38–94), 103 (76.9%) were men and 101 (73.7%) had diabetes type 2. The median length of admission was 10 days (2–39). Infection was the most common cause of admission (51%), with severe ischaemia in 6%, and a combination of both in 20% of patients. Surgical treatment was performed in 22% and vascular intervention in 19% of patients. The percentage of patients discharged to their home without assistance was 48.1% compared to 57.5% before admission, discharge to home with assistance was 27.4% versus 22.4% before admission and 9.2% were discharged to short‐term nursing accommodation versus 6% before admission. Three patients died during their stay in hospital. The need for help with medications increased from 14.9% of patients at admission to 26.7% at discharge and for mobility assistance from 23.1% to 35.9%. Social services at home were increased in 21.4% of patients at discharge.
Complex genetic landscape revealed by a population in the eastern Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang between the 8th and 11th centuries CE
Authors: Zhang Fan , Chen Yi , Nie Zhongzhi , Zhang Ruojing , Duan Chen , Wu Di , Wang Yongqiang , Ning Chao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe eastern Tianshan Mountain (ETS) region in Xinjiang, China, has played a crucial role as a major highway for large‐scale human migrations and technological exchanges across Eurasia throughout history. Understanding the genetic makeup of past populations holds significant importance in comprehending human mobility in this region. Here, we report genome‐wide ancient DNA for the two individuals whose origins remain uncertain, found at the Dahe ancient city site in the ETS region. Our results indicate that although both individuals display a higher genetic affinity to Asian populations, one individual shows some genetic sharing with South Asians, while the other shares more affinity with populations from Northeastern Asia. Radiocarbon dating shows that the two human remains were not deposited simultaneously. Overall, the combined genetic, physical anthropology and radiocarbon evidence strongly suggests that the ETS region, situated at the heart of the Silk Road, has been a crossroads of diverse populations coexisting between the 8th and 11th centuries. Additionally, the genetic ancestry sharing with the Bronze Age Tarim mummies suggested a long‐term residual of indigenous ancestry in Xinjiang and showed that autochthonous deep Asian ancestry had left their genetic legacy into the historical populations of Xinjiang despite a spanning of over three millennia.
Age and BMI have different effects on subcutaneous, visceral, liver, bone marrow, and muscle adiposity, as measured by CT and MRI
Authors: Wang Ling , Liu Yandong , Li Kai , Zhang Wenshuang , Yuan Yi , Ma Kangkang , Zhou Fengyun , Cheng Zitong , Geng Jian , Su Yongbin , Guo Zhe , Blake Glen M. , Cheng Xiaoguang , Liu Yajun , Engelke Klaus , Vlug Annegreet G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed quantitative computed tomography (CT) and chemical shift–encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from a Chinese cohort to investigate the effects of BMI and aging on different adipose tissue (AT) depots.MethodsIn 400 healthy, community‐dwelling individuals aged 22 to 83 years, we used MRI to quantify proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the lumbar spine (L2–L4) bone marrow AT (BMAT), the psoas major and erector spinae (ES) muscles, and the liver. Abdominal total AT, visceral AT (VAT), and subcutaneous AT (SAT) areas were measured at the L2‐L3 level using quantitative CT. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of each AT variable with age and BMI. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in which each AT variable was evaluated in turn as a function of age and the other five independent AT measurements.ResultsOf the 168 men, 29% had normal BMI (<24.0 kg/m2), 47% had overweight (24.0–27.9 kg/m2), and 24% had obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m2). In the 232 women, the percentages were 46%, 32%, and 22%, respectively. Strong or very strong correlations with BMI were found for total AT, VAT, and SAT in both sexes. BMAT and ES PDFF was strongly correlated with age in women and moderately correlated in men. In both sexes, BMAT PDFF correlated only with age and not with any of the other AT depots. Psoas PDFF correlated only with ES PDFF and not with age or the other AT depots. Liver PDFF correlated with BMI and VAT and weakly with SAT in men. VAT and SAT correlated with age and each other in both sexes.ConclusionsAge and BMI are both associated with adiposity, but their effects differ depending on the type of AT.
Determining the optimal dome shape using a novel variable slippage coefficient non‐geodesic
Authors: Wang Yutao , Xu Haojie , Song Hao , Li Kangmei , Hu Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe research of high‐performance composite pressure vessels in practical application has become the focus of attention, and fiber paths play an important role in the structural performance of composite pressure vessels. Therefore, a method is proposed for determining the optimal geometric parameters of the pressure vessel head shape under a novel variable slippage coefficient non‐geodesic(NVSCNG). First, NVSCNG is used as the dome fiber path design mode, and the classical lamination theory is used to construct a dome stress field model. In addition, on the basis of the Tsai‐Wu failure criterion, the minimum laminate thickness is determined to satisfy the strength constraints. Second, the performance factor (pressure*volume/weight) is used to calculate the structural performance of the dome with variable geometric parameters under the novel variable slippage coefficient fiber path. Moreover, the stability constraints are considered to determine the optimal geometric parameter values of the dome. Finally, the structural properties, stress response and thickness were analyzed under two types of fiber paths based on the optimal dome profile. Results show that compared to the conventional variable slippage coefficient, the performance factor can be maximally improved by nearly 60.94% using the novel variable slippage coefficient, and the thickness of the composite layer at the equator of the dome can be maximally reduced by nearly 34.88%. In addition, the research shows that NVSCNG can improve the structural performance of the dome and realize the lightweight of dome components, which are greatly important in guiding the design of fiber paths for pressure vessels.Highlights
No unconstrained linear problem between NVSCNG and initial winding angle.
Optimal dome profile geometry parameters are m = 0.8, rc = 0.5.
The dome structural failure is controlled by the longitudinal stresses.
Winding angle distribution has a strong influence on dome stress distribution.
Higher dimensionless performance factor and lighter mass for NVSCNG.