bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Culture of Leukaemic Cells from 81 Patients with Acute Leukaemia
Authors: Knudtzon S. 
Published: August 2010

Bone marrow and/or blood cells from 81 patients with acute leukaemia, including 50 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, were cultured in vitro using the agar culture method. The cells were cultured either in a single layer assay or with a normal source of colony stimulating factor (CSF) included in the culture. In almost all cases an abnormal growth pattern was seen, ranging between no growth and an excessive number of clusters. Immature granulocytic cells and macrophages were the dominating cell types in clusters and colonies from 14 out of 16 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.In the patients with acute myeloid leukaemia the remission induction rate was found to be related to the cluster incidence. Thus, 75 % of the patients with a cluster incidence between 0–100 obtained a complete remission (CR), while only 31 % of the patients with a high cluster incidence (> 1000 / 2 times 105 cells) obtained a remission. Cluster formation in the unstimulated cultures of CSF‐sensitive cells did not seem to be of prognostic value.The correlation between prognosis and in vitro growth in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia stresses the need of obtaining more insight in those factors other than drug sensitivity, which are of importance for the therapeutic response.
Ph1‐Negative Eosinophilic Leukaemia with Trisomy 8 Case Report and Review of Cytogenetic Studies
Authors: Weinfeld Aleksander , Westin Jan , Swolin BirgittA 
Published: August 2010

A case of eosinophilic leukaemia of the mature cell type in a 73‐year‐old man is described. Bone marrow chromosomes were studied in direct preparations on 3 occasions. With the G‐ and Q‐banding techniques an extra chromosome number 8 was observed in all metaphases. There was no Ph1‐chromosome. Therapy with vin‐cristine and prednisone produced remissions but the course of the disease was accelerated.Review of the literature and study of the present case suggests that eosinophilic leukaemia like CGL may be divided into a Ph1‐positive and a Ph1‐negative group. In both groups karyotype abnormalities may be present and might herald a downhill course.
Distribution of B, T, and O Lymphocytes in Blood and Tissues of Normal Humans Reflecting a Kinetic Model
Authors: Jønsson Viggo , Christensen Bjarne Egelund 
Published: August 2010

The occurrence of the lymphocyte subpopulations TE, BFo, BC3, BFc + C3, BIg, and O‐, percentage as well as absolute, was studied in lymphocyte suspensions from tonsils, abdominal lymph nodes, spleens, bone‐marrow aspirates, and at the same time in venous blood. The absolute lymphocyte content (number of lymphocytes per g tissue) was highest in the abdominal lymph nodes, lower in the spleens and tonsils, and lowest in the blood. TE lymphocytes were found in the significantly highest percentage, 60%, in the blood. B lymphocytes, comprising BFc+C3 plus BIg, were present in the highest percentage in the bone marrow: 74%. Tonsils, spleens, and abdominal lymph nodes contained fewer B lymphocytes, and the blood fewest: 39%.A significant correlation was found only between the absolute numbers of T and B lymphocytes. A relationship between the absolute number of T lymphocytes and the total number of B lymphocytes as well as fractions thereof was thus demonstrated in the various tissues and in the blood and also between the blood and the tissue. O‐ lymphocytes were found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleens, apparently as markerless precursors of other subpopulations. The main conclusion of the study is: In the lymphocytokinetic system the T lymphocytes must play a guiding role as an afferent vector, trigging the B fractions which thus constitute the efferent vector of the system.
Hepatitis, Type B in Haemophiliacs
Authors: Holsteen Vibeke , Skinhøj Peter , Cohn Jørgen 
Published: August 2010

36 children aged 3 to 18 years receiving substitution therapy for haemophilia during the period 1970 to 1976 were studied for infection with hepatitis B virus by assays for HBSAg, anti‐HBS, and anti‐HBC. Clinical hepatitis B occurred in 3 patients (8%) and serological evidence of infection was found in further 13 (36%).The occurrence of infection was associated with age but less so with the total amount of transfusion. Estimates of the risk of infection by clotting factor material of different origin indicated a figure of 1:53,000 I.U. for Danish volunteer donor preparations as well as for commercial products, the risk being apparently increased following the use of pooled blood donor material and non‐Scandinavian products respectively.
Constant Post‐Irradiation Repopulation Rates and Linear Relationship between Cellular Blood Response and Number of Transplanted Bone Marrow Cells in Inbread Mice
Authors: Petersen Bjørn H. 
Published: August 2010

Graded doses of syngeneic bone marrow cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice. Repopulation curves of peripheral blood granulocytes and platelets were apparently exponential and parallel after doses larger than 5 times 105 cells. The blood platelet Td was reduced from 111 h to 53–57 h, and granulocyte Td from 57 to 40 h in transplanted groups.The mean blood cell counts were reproducible enough to be used as a biological assay of the amount of bone marrow cells transplanted. Linear relationship between increment of blood cells up to day 16 and number of bone marrow cells transplanted on day 1 was demonstrated (1,200 granulocytes and 14,300 platelets/μl blood per 105 bone marrow cells). The linearity suggested a mean Td < 22.5 h of proliferating bone marrow cells, and allowed a rough estimation of mouse bone marrow stem cell radio‐sensitivity (Do 76 rad).
Cytochemical Demonstration of Dihydrofolate Reductase in Leukaemia and Other Haematological Diseases
Authors: Tzortzatou Fotini 
Published: August 2010

The dihydrofolate reductase activity has been studied cytochemically in various haematological diseases. The variation between normal controls, Hodgkin's disease, myeloma, polycythaemia vera, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and chronic myeloid leukaemia was not significant, comparing the same type of cells.In acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia the blast cells were weakly positive or negative. This finding is very interesting as the blast cells are capable of division. Probably the dihydrofolate reductase appears in the blast cells in some stage of mitosis.Lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin showed increased enzyme activity compared with normal non‐stimulated lymphocytes. The ‘blast like’ cells were more strongly positive than the blast cells of leukaemic patients. The patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia treated with methotrexate showed increased dihydrofolate reductase activity cytochemically.
Effects of Acute Myocardial Ischaemia on Platelet Aggregation in the Coronary Sinus and Aorta in Dogs
Authors: Vik‐Mo Harald 
Published: August 2010

The effect of an acute myocardial ischaemia on circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) in the coronary sinus and aorta was studied in open chest dogs. Even before induction of myocardial ischaemia significantly more CPA were found in the coronary sinus than in the aorta. Acute myocardial ischaemia produced by a non‐thrombotic coronary artery occlusion increased CPA in coronary sinus, but not in aorta.Administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) reduced the extent of the myocardial ischaemia as evidenced by reduced ST‐segment elevations in epicardial ECG. Before induction of myocardial ischaemia, ASA significantly reduced CPA in coronary sinus, but no significant effect was observed during myocardial ischaemia. In the aorta no effect of ASA on CPA was found.
Microcalorimetric Studies of Human Platelet Metabolism at Rest Influence of pH, Temperature, Cell Concentration, Preparation Methods and Storage
Authors: Monti M. , Wadsö I. 
Published: August 2010

Heat production in human platelets has been measured under different conditions of pH, temp., cell concentration, preparation and storage time.The heat effect was found to increase linearly in the pH range 7.00–7.95, by 20 % per pH unit. The temp. coefficient for the heat effect was determined to be Q10 = 2.0 for the temp. interval 32–42° C. Heat production per cell was not significantly affected by variations in cell concentration, or by storage for several hours at room temp. When citrate replaced heparin as anticoagulant significantly higher heat effect values were found.
Bone Marrow Culture and Autoradiography of IgA Myeloma Plasmocytes with Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies
Authors: Joshua Henry , Grinblat Joseph , Presentey Benzion , Levitus Zigmond 
Published: August 2010

Two cases of IgA myeloma, characterized by intranuclear inclusion bodies, stained positively with anti‐IgA fluorescent conjugate and only faintly by the PAS method. Electron micrographs showed distension of the endoplasmic reticulum with accumulation of amorphous material of low electron density. The intranuclear inclusion bodies consisted of the same material, encircled by a single sheeted membrane, identical and sometimes continuous with the internal layer of the perinuclear membrane. Autoradiography of the bone marrow cells after incubation for different periods with 14C‐leucine showed the appearance of the radioactive label, first in the cytoplasm, then on the perinuclear membrane, and finally in the inclusion bodies themselves. Bone marrow cultures showed progressive swelling of the inclusions resulting in the disruption of the cells.These findings confirm the opinion that intranuclear inclusion bodies originate from distension of the perinuclear cistern by accumulated immunoglobulin with subsequent invagination into the nucleus. The cases displayed a different clinical course despite the structural similarity of the intranuclear bodies.
Effects of Prednisolone in 6 Cases of Glucocorticoid Receptor‐Positive CLL
Authors: Simonsson Bengt , Terenius Lars , Nilsson Kenneth 
Published: August 2010

The effect of treatment with prednisolone on clinical and laboratory variables was studied in 6 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The laboratory variables analyzed on the leukaemic cells were surface immunoglobulin (S‐Ig), sheep red blood cell receptors (SRBC), proliferative activity (PI) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR).In all cases the CLL was of B‐cell type and the leukaemic cells contained a significant amount of GR. 4 out of 6 patients had a progressive disease with increased PI. On treatment they went into clinical remission, which was paralleled by a reduction in the leukaemic B‐cell number and in PI. The amount of GR was unaffected. In 2 patients with nonprogressive disease, prednisolone produced no clearcut effect on clinical or laboratory variables.
Studies on Human Preleukaemia
Authors: Hast Robert 
Published: August 2010

The prognostic significance of the bone marrow sideroblasts found in aregenerative anaemia with hypercellular bone marrow was evaluated particularly to see if the sideroblasts might be a preleukaemic sign.The study includes 32 patients with abnormal sideroblasts; 14 had mainly ringed sideroblasts while 18 had mainly the intermediate or ferritin type. Basic erythro‐kinetic data (59Fe erythrocyte incorporation and erythroblast labelling indices) were similar in the two groups. The colony forming capacity (CFUC) was abnormal in 2 of 5 patients with ringed sideroblasts compared to 12 of 13 in the intermediate sideroblast group. Patients with mainly ringed sideroblasts had significantly longer duration of disease state, higher platelet and leucocyte counts, no increase in the percentage of bone marrow myeloblasts and did less often develop acute leukaemia. Thus aregenerative anaemias can be divided according to the type of abnormal sideroblasts in two groups with different risk of development of acute leukaemia. The ringed sideroblastic anaemia seems not to be a preleukaemic stage in the prospective sense in contrast to aregenerative anaemia with mainly intermediate sideroblasts.
The Mechanism of Endotoxin‐Induced Hypoferraemia
Authors: Torrance J. D. , Charlton R. W. , Simon M. O. , Lynch S. R. , Bothwell T. H. 
Published: August 2010

The effect of endotoxin on the processing of erythrocyte iron by reticuloendothelial cells of the liver and spleen was studied in rats using heat damaged erythrocytes labelled with59Fe.Endotoxin did not alter the uptake of the damaged cells but markedly inhibited the subsequent early phase of iron release from the reticuloendothelial cells. The inhibition seemed to be due to both a decreased rate of labelled haem destruction and an increased incorporation of radioiron into ferritin. Although early iron release was decreased 0–2 h after endotoxin administration, the diversion of iron into ferritin was more marked when endotoxin was given 18 h before. The block in iron release was partially overcome in animals that had been kept on an iron free diet or had been phlebotomised. In these animals the decreased rate of haem catabolism remained unaltered but less iron was diverted into ferritin.
Inhibition of Haemopoietic Stem Cell Proliferation by a Diffusible Product of Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Benestad H. B. , Testa N. G. , Lajtha L. G. 
Published: August 2010

In a double diffusion chamber (DC) culture system bone marrow cells elaborated diffusible factor(s) that prevented spleen colony‐forming cells (CFU‐S), but not PHA stimulated lymphocytes, from entering cell cycle. Mature granulocytes and macrophages did not produce such factor(s).Various numbers of steady‐state or regenerating mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in single diffusion chambers for periods up to 7 d. After the initial cell loss, the net growth of CFU‐S was inversely related to both total cell number and CFU‐S number in DC. Diffusible factors rather than cell‐to‐cell contact appeared to be involved in the inhibition, even though we were not able to demonstrate inhibition of net growth of CFU‐S with the double chamber approach.
Studies in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Bazerbashi M. B. , Reeve J. , Chanarin I. 
Published: August 2010

1. 9 Studies of lymphocyte transport are reported in which the 51Cr labelling technique of Hersey (1971) was employed on 8 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 1 with lymphosarcoma.2. A new approach to the analysis of the data was formulated employing the principles of impulse analysis. This allowed the quantitation of cell transport between various locations making the minimum number of assumptions. It was also possible to take account of the principal defect of this label, its tendency to elute from live cells.3. In spite of marked lymphocytosis, numbers of cells moving between those tissues whose lymphocytes exchange relatively slowly and the bloodstream was found to be normal. The blood and lymph nodes may therefore accumulate lymphocytes in response to a transport defect which hinders the progress of these cells from one pool to another.4. The finding that CLL lymphocytes fluxes are normal in certain locations casts doubt on the hypothesis that lymphocyte proliferation is uncontrolled in this disease. An alternative possibility is that cell proliferation is regulated so as to maintain these fluxes within the normal range.
Red Cell Membrane Proteins and Lipids in Spherocytosis
Authors: Johnsson Riitta 
Published: August 2010

The protein and lipid content of erythrocyte membranes in 13 patients from 9 families with congenital or hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were studied.Lyophilized erythrocyte membrane proteins were solubilized using two different methods and analysed in two electrophoretic systems. On polyacrylamide gel electro‐phoresis with sodium dodecyl sulphate as solubilizing agent, the number of major protein bands detected was equal in both the HS patients and the controls. Likewise, no significant differences in the protein fractions from the two groups were seen using an electrophoretic system that gave better resolution of low‐molecular wt. proteins, although minor differences in distribution between the protein fractions were observed.The amount of lipid phosphorus and cholesterol in red cell ghosts from unsplenectomized patients with HS was lower than in normal erythrocyte membranes. The decrease in cholesterol content exceeded that of lipid phosphorus. A tendency to reattain control levels was observed after splenectomy. In patients splenectomized several years prior to the study membrane lipid concentrations were normal. A decrease in membrane lipids was also detected in a patient with spherocytosis due to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and in out‐dated bank blood containing sphero‐cytic red cells; the ratio of cholesterol to lipid phosphorus was abnormally low in both these instances.Thus the alterations in red cell lipid components in spherocytes of varying origin may represent a phenomenon secondary to the abnormal red cell shape rather than being related to a specific etiological factor.
Preleukaemia and Reticulocytosis: A Case Report with in Vitro Evidence for Abnormal Reticulocyte Maturation
Authors: Lofters W. S. , Ali M. A. M. , Pineo G. F. 
Published: August 2010

A case of preleukaemia with marked reticulocytosis and a slightly reduced red cell 51Cr survival is presented. An in vitro ‘reticulocyte survival’ test suggested that the apparent reticulocytosis was due to delayed maturation of reticulocytes. The globin synthesis ratio suggested an abnormal ribonucleic acid.At autopsy, in addition to the findings of acute leukaemia, mesenteric lipodystrophy was discovered. This abnormality has been seen in patients with malignant diseases, especially lymphomas, but heretofore has not been reported in acute leukaemia.
Blood Colony‐Forming Cells (CFU‐C) and Leucocyte Colony‐Stimulating Activity (CSA) in Patients with Neutrophilic Leucocytosis
Authors: Morra L. , Ponassi A. , Gigli G. , Vercelli M. , Sacchetti C. 
Published: August 2010

The incidence of circulating colony‐forming cells (CFU‐C) and the ability of peripheral leucocytes to stimulate the colony formation (CSA) have been studied through a double layer agar culture system in 26 patients with neutrophilic leucocytosis and compared to the values obtained in 26 normal subjects.Both mean CFU‐C incidence and mean leucocyte CSA of the whole group of patients were found significantly higher than normal, but considerable variation was observed among singular patients.The different patterns of blood CFU‐C and leucocyte CSA are discussed. The combined evaluation of blood CFU‐C and leucocyte CSA is found a useful tool to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of neutrophilic leucocytosis.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Associated with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kutnowski M. , Futeral B. , Verbanck M. , Naets J. P. , Mullier J. P. 
Published: August 2010

In a case of osteogenesis imperfecta with multiple fractures already from childhood, myelomatosis was diagnosed at the age of 52 years because of a serum M‐component (IgG, lambda), Bence Jones proteinuria, myeloma cells in the bone marrow, and osteolytic skeletal lesions.She died 10 months later. A partial postmortem examination of a larger bone lesion confirmed the diagnosis.
Androgen Therapy of Aplastic Anaemia ‐A Prospective Study of 352 Cases
Authors: Najean Y. , Pecking A. , Danvic M. Le ,   The Cooperative Group for the Study of Aplastic and Refractory Anaemias Secretaries
Published: August 2010

A prospective study of 352 patients with aplastic anaemia on androgen therapy has been performed. The following main observations have been obtained: The actuarial mortality rate at the 20th month is 52 %, half the deaths being observed during the first 3 months; these figures are similar to those previously published, from smaller series of androgen‐treated patients, and lower than those of non‐androgen‐treated cases.Differences in survival and improvement were observed between groups of patients treated for more than 3 months with either alkylated or non‐alkylated drugs. Signs of liver damage were observed no matter which was the drug used. Continous improvement can be observed even in the 2nd year of treatment indicating that full‐dose androgen therapy should be continued up to 20 months in not fully improved patients.The degree of initial disease activity is a clear prognostic parameter for the mortality in the first quarter of the course. In case of survival of severe cases, improvement can be obtained to the same extent as in milder cases. This stress the need for adequate maintenance therapy in all types of patients.Addition of glucocorticoids harms the prognosis, mainly in most granulocytopenic patients. Glucocorticoids have no effect upon the liver damage induced by andro‐gens.
Labelling of Human and Rabbit Platelets with 111Indium‐Oxine Complex
Authors: Schmidt Kai Gjerløff , Rasmussen Jens Wæver 
Published: August 2010

Platelets suspended in buffer were labelled with 111Indium‐oxine. In the isolation procedure the platelets and a fraction of the erythrocytes are processed simultaneously, whereby the erythrocytes serve as a supporting cushion in the centrifugation steps. Various factors which influence the labelling effectiveness were examined, and the method's utility was estimated by in viva studies in rabbits.A platelet concentration of more than 800 times 109/l and an oxine concentration of approximately 6 μg/ml in a plasma‐poor system (transfer of platelets from plasma to buffer without further washing steps) will yield a high labelling efficiency. If the platelet isolation yield is to be large, a slight erythrocyte‐leucocyte contamination must be accepted. Our experimental results indicated that this is permissible. In vivo investigations of 5 rabbits showed in vivo recoveries of platelets from 61–74% and mean survival times from 69h to 110h. This supports the assessment that the method of platelet isolation and labelling is gentle.
Triamterene‐Induced Immune Haemolytic Anaemia with Acute Intravascular Haemolysis and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Takahashi Hoyu , Tsukada Tsuneyasu 
Published: August 2010

Acute intravascular haemolysis and renal failure developed while a patient was taking triamterene. A direct antiglobulin test with a polyvalent reagent was positive. Serum caused agglutination of normal red cells in the presence of triamterene and caused an increase of partial haemolysis of both trypsin‐treated erythrocytes and red cells from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) in the presence of complement. From the results of antibody‐neutralization test and treatment with 2‐mercaptoethanol, the presence of IgM antibody with Λ light chain could be demonstrated.The triamterene seemed to bind strongly to the red cells in vitra but in vivo there was no detectable adsorption to red cells. Haptenic inhibition was not demonstrated.From these results, it was assumed that this antibody caused acute intravascular haemolysis by immune complex mechanism. The antibody was found to cross‐react with methotrexate which has a structure similar to that of triamterene.
Platelet Heterogeneity
Authors: Leone Giuseppe , Agostini Augusto , DeCrescenzo Alberto , Bizzi Bruno 
Published: August 2010

Human platelets were separated into 2 density populations by repeated centrifugations of platelet‐rich plasma at increasing gravitational force.The heaviest platelet fraction was rich in larger platelets. The lightest platelet fraction was rich in smaller platelets. In both fractions and in the platelet button, lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde‐MDA‐production after addition of thrombin) was measured at basal condition, on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th day after aspirin ingestion. At basal conditions and after ingestion of aspirin, MDA production was higher in the heavy‐large platelets than in light‐small ones, but a parallel increase of MDA production was observed in the light and in the heavy population and in the platelet button. The data are not compatible with the hypothesis that platelet density and size are age‐related. Aspirin inhibits platelet lipid peroxidation by permanently acetylating their cyclooxygenase and if the heaviest platelets were the young ones, lipid peroxidation should reappear sooner in them.