bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Seminal Fluid Fractions on Plasma and Acrosome Membrane Integrity and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Determined by Flow Cytometry in Chilled Canine Spermatozoa
Authors: Treulen F , Sánchez R , Risopatrón J 
Published: March 2012

ContentsDepending on the mammal species, the use of seminal plasma during semen processing for cryopreservation has been found to have both beneficial and detrimental effects. This study was designed to determine the effects of the second (SF) and third [prostatic fluid, (PF)] ejaculate fractions on plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation and sperm motility in chilled canine spermatozoa by flow cytometry. After pooling the second sperm‐rich fraction of ejaculates from six dogs, samples for each assay were preserved at 5°C for 72 h in egg yolk‐TRIS extender (EYT) alone (control) or supplemented with seminal fluid from the second (EYT‐SF) or third (EYT‐PF) ejaculated fractions. After cold storage, groups EYT‐SF and EYT‐PF showed significantly higher percentages of sperm cells with an intact acrosome [68.8 ± 1.4%, 69.6 ± 2.6% (p < 0.01)] and intact plasma membrane [48.1 ± 2.8%, 50.4 ± 8.2% (p < 0.001)] than that observed in EYT [51.7 ± 3.2% and 33.3 ± 4.1% respectively]. Only in EYT‐SF was PS translocation significantly reduced compared to EYT‐PF and EYT [3.9 ± 0.4%, 10.2 ± 2.2% and 9.0 ± 1.5%, respectively (p < 0.001)]. However, significantly diminished sperm motility was observed in EYT‐SF and EYT‐PF compared to EYT [36.8 ± 2.1%, 35.5 ± 2.3% and 78.4 ± 4.7% (p < 0.001)]. No significant differences were detected in ΔΨm (p > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing semen extenders with seminal fluid from the second or third fractions of the ejaculate supplementation helps to preserve the integrity of the plasma and acrosome membranes along with the mitochondrial membrane potential but seems to compromise the motility of canine spermatozoa chilled for 72 h.
Apoptosis and microRNA aberrations in cancer
Authors: Li Chun , Hashimi Saeed M. , Good David A. , Cao Siyu , Duan Wei , Plummer Prue N. , Mellick Albert S. , Wei Ming Q. 
Published: March 2012

Summary
Carcinogenesis arises from the malfunction of genes that control cell growth and division. Therefore, the most effective method of hindering tumourigenesis is to induce the death of immortalized cancer cells.
Apoptosis or programmed cell death has shown the most promises in impairing cancer growth. A variety of proteins is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and the malfunction of any these regulators may cause cell proliferation.
The microRNAs have been shown to play a central role in the regulation of the cell cycle, including apoptosis. The microRNAs are involved in post‐transcriptional gene suppression and have been implicated in the regulation of cell differentiation and development.
Aberrations in the microRNA regulation of apoptosis lead to tumourigenesis.
The present review assesses the current knowledge of apoptotic regulation in cancer and the effect of microRNA aberrations in tumourigenesis.
Ultrasound guidance allows faster peripheral IV cannulation in children under 3 years of age with difficult venous access: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Benkhadra Mehdi , Collignon Mathieu , Fournel Isabelle , Oeuvrard Christian , Rollin Patricia , Perrin Murielle , Volot François , Girard Claude 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectives:  Ultrasound‐guided peripheral venous access (USG‐PIVA) presents many advantages over the reference ‘blind’ technique in both adults and children in emergency situations.Aim:  To compare USG‐PIVA with the blind technique in children <3 years undergoing general anesthesia.Methods:  After obtaining the approval of the ethics committee and informed consent from the parents, we included all children <3 years scheduled to undergo general anesthesia [surgery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], who presented difficult venous access. The children were randomized into two groups: the US group (USG‐PIVA) and the B group (blind). The primary endpoint was time to cannulation (from tourniquet placement to successful IV cannulation), compared between USG‐PIVA group and B group by intention‐to‐treat analysis. Secondary outcomes were success rate at the first puncture, number of punctures, and diameter of the catheters. Cannulations requiring >15 min were considered as failures. In case of failure in group B, USG‐PIVA was attempted for a further 15 min.Results:  Twenty children were included in each group. Groups were comparable for sex, age, and BMI. Significant differences were observed in median time to cannulation (63.5 s vs 420.5 s, USG‐PIVA vs B respectively, P < 0.001); median number of punctures (1 vs 2.5, USG‐PIVA vs B, P = 0.004); and success rate at first cannulation (85% vs 35%, USG‐PIVA vs B, P = 0.0012). In contrast, overall success rate did not differ significantly between groups (90% vs 85%, USG‐PIVA vs B, P = 0.63).Conclusions:  Ultrasound‐guided peripheral venous access leads to faster peripheral IV access and should therefore be recommended in children presenting with difficult venous access.
Patterns of care in the management of seminoma stage I: results from a European survey
Authors: Vossen Carla Y. , Horwich Alan , Daugaard Gedske , van Poppel Hein , Osanto Susanne 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Therapy (practise pattern survey)Level of Evidence 3bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The uncertainties about differences in relapse and rates of other late events such as second malignancy and cardiovascular events for the three post‐orchidectomy strategies in seminoma stage I patients has led to debates about whether the three strategies are equally effective and safe. The differences in interpretation of the data as well as the debates are likely to result in differences in treatment after orchidectomy in seminoma stage I patient management. Current care patterns after orchidectomy are, however, unknown.We assessed patterns of care for seminoma stage I patients after orchidectomy by distributing a survey among doctors treating such patients across Europe. The 969 respondents showed large differences in care strategies between specialties and countries that indicate the need for research into long‐term relapse rates and long‐term adverse effects to standardize and optimize care for seminoma stage I patients.OBJECTIVE
To assess precise patterns of care after orchidectomy in Europe for stage I seminoma patients, we aimed to perform a survey among doctors in the various European countries.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We distributed a survey in 2009 and 2010 among American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Association of Urology members.
RESULTS
In total, 969 questionnaires were included in the analysis. More than half of the 969 physicians (58%) currently offer only one post‐surgical treatment: 18% only surveillance, 19% only radiotherapy and 21% only chemotherapy. Thirteen percent of the 969 physicians currently offer all three strategies, 25% offer surveillance and adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and 5% offer either adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy without surveillance.
We found large differences in care patterns between specialties and countries. Even within countries, care after orchidectomy was not standardized.
Before 2005, 73% of the physicians offered only one treatment and of those 51% gave adjuvant radiotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Large differences in pattern of care after orchidectomy for stage I seminoma patients exist between specialties and countries within Europe.
More information on long‐term relapse rates and long‐term adverse effects of the three strategies is needed to standardize and optimize care after orchidectomy.
How Does Education Affect the Earnings Distribution in Urban China?*
Authors: Wang Le 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is widely believed that investing in education could be an effective strategy to promote higher standards of living and equity. We empirically assess this claim by estimating returns to education across the whole earnings distribution in urban China and find supporting evidence. In particular, we find that returns to education are more pronounced for individuals in the lower tail of the distribution than for those in the upper tail and that returns to education are uniformly larger for women than men. We also find that returns to education increased over time across the whole earnings distribution.
Active ageing: A strategic policy solution to demographic ageing in the European Union
Authors: Walker Alan , Maltby Tony 
Published: March 2012

Walker A, Maltby T. Active ageing: A strategic policy solution to demographic ageing in the European UnionThe ageing of European countries has widespread implications for current and future social and economic policies across the region. The major policy response to demographic ageing that has emerged over the past 10 years is called ‘active ageing’, yet there is little clarity in practice about what it means for individuals and society beyond a crude economic reduction in terms of working longer. The main purposes of this article are to explain why this strategy has emerged and its importance. Despite a great deal of positive political rhetoric, the response at all levels of policy making has been rather limited. An active social and public policy is required to mainstream active ageing as the leading paradigm for ageing policy across the European Union (EU). The designation of 2012 as the European Year of Active Ageing offers a potential focus for renewed policy action in the EU and is discussed in the context of our conclusions.
Beyond Ecclesiocentricity: Navigating between the Abstract and the Domesticated in Contemporary Ecclesiology
Authors: HAMILL BRUCE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article I seek to explore how ecclesiology might be apocalyptic, with all the ‘otherness’ and invisibility that implies, while at the same time properly concrete. In engaging the contemporary debate about ecclesiocentricity I suggest that an account of historical participation in the history of Jesus Christ by the Spirit will benefit from both a mimetic ontology and a christologically disciplined approach to the marks of the church. According to such an approach, the church is more clearly discerned as a eucharistic and dispossessive sociality.
Who is God in the Old Testament? Retrieving Aquinas after Rahner's Answer
Authors: Hofer Andrew 
Published: March 2012

AbstractKarl Rahner adamantly argued that the God of the Old Testament is the unoriginate Person of the Father. This forms the bedrock of his trinitarian theology, often credited as renewing Christian appreciation for the Trinity. However, his position that the Old Testament God must be identified as the Father contradicts much of the Christian tradition, including strands of Greek theology whose emphasis on the Father he claimed to restore to the West. This article retrieves the theology of Thomas Aquinas after Rahner in order to correct the imbalance of Rahner's position with greater nuance in appreciating the mystery of God in the Old Testament.
Corpus Mysticum and Religious Experience: Henry, Lacoste and Marion
Authors: RIVERA JOSEPH 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhile usually denoting the church and/or the sacrament of the Eucharist, the ‘mystical body of Christ’ has become a theological grammar for Catholic phenomenologists Michel Henry, Jean‐Yves Lacoste and Jean‐Luc Marion to think through the possibility of religious experience. This article traces out some of the richly detailed accounts of religious experience proffered by Henry, Lacoste and Marion, paying heed to how they narrate the non‐worldly, invisible disclosure of that religious experiencing. The final section outlines a deeper integration of the three by highlighting the need for an encounter with Christ to be both non‐worldly and worldly, between presence and absence, and thus an experience that is concrete, lived, but also mediated by the visible church.
2012 European guideline for the management of anogenital warts
Authors: Lacey C.J.N. , Woodhall S.C. , Wikstrom A. , Ross J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Although new HPV vaccines have been developed and are in the process of implementation, anogenital warts remain a very frequent problem in clinical practice.Objective  We wished to update previously published European guidelines for the management of anogenital warts.Methods  We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials for anogenital warts. The primary data were analyzed and collated, and the findings were formulated within the structure of a clinical guideline. The IUSTI Europe Editorial Board reviewed the draft guideline which was also posted on the web for comments which we incorporated into the final version of the guideline.Results  The data confirm that only surgical therapies have primary clearance rates approaching 100%. Recurrences, including new lesions at previously treated or new sites, occur after all therapies, and rates are often 20–30% or more. All therapies are associated with local skin reactions including itching, burning, erosions and pain.Conclusions  Physicians treating patients with genital warts should develop their own treatment algorithms which include local practice and recommendations. Such patient level management protocols should incorporate medical review of cases at least every 4 weeks, with switching of treatments if an inadequate response is observed. First episode patients should be offered sexually transmitted disease screening. Management should include partner notification and health promotion.
The making of differences between fins and limbs
Authors: Yano Tohru , Tamura Koji 
Published: March 2012

Abstract‘Evo‐devo’, an interdisciplinary field based on developmental biology, includes studies on the evolutionary processes leading to organ morphologies and functions. One fascinating theme in evo‐devo is how fish fins evolved into tetrapod limbs. Studies by many scientists, including geneticists, mathematical biologists, and paleontologists, have led to the idea that fins and limbs are homologous organs; now it is the job of developmental biologists to integrate these data into a reliable scenario for the mechanism of fin‐to‐limb evolution. Here, we describe the fin‐to‐limb transition based on key recent developmental studies from various research fields that describe mechanisms that may underlie the development of fins, limb‐like fins, and limbs.
The influence of emotional stimuli on attention orienting and inhibitory control in pediatric anxiety
Authors: Mueller Sven C. , Hardin Michael G. , Mogg Karin , Benson Valerie , Bradley Brendan P. , Reinholdt‐Dunne Marie Louise , Liversedge Simon P. , Pine Daniel S. , Ernst Monique 
Published: March 2012

Background:  Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in children and adolescents, and are associated with aberrant emotion‐related attention orienting and inhibitory control. While recent studies conducted with high‐trait anxious adults have employed novel emotion‐modified antisaccade tasks to examine the influence of emotional information on orienting and inhibition, similar studies have yet to be conducted in youths.Methods:  Participants were 22 children/adolescents diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, and 22 age‐matched healthy comparison youths. Participants completed an emotion‐modified antisaccade task that was similar to those used in studies of high‐trait anxious adults. This task probed the influence of abruptly appearing neutral, happy, angry, or fear stimuli on orienting (prosaccade) or inhibitory (antisaccade) responses.Results:  Anxious compared to healthy children showed facilitated orienting toward angry stimuli. With respect to inhibitory processes, threat‐related information improved antisaccade accuracy in healthy but not anxious youth. These findings were not linked to individual levels of reported anxiety or specific anxiety disorders.Conclusions:  Findings suggest that anxious relative to healthy children manifest enhanced orienting toward threat‐related stimuli. In addition, the current findings suggest that threat may modulate inhibitory control during adolescent development.
Development in children with achondroplasia: a prospective clinical cohort study
Authors: IRELAND PENELOPE J , DONAGHEY SAMANTHA , McGILL JAMES , ZANKL ANDREAS , WARE ROBERT S , PACEY VERITY , AULT JENNY , SAVARIRAYAN RAVI , SILLENCE DAVID , THOMPSON ELIZABETH , TOWNSHEND SHARRON , JOHNSTON LEANNE M 
Published: March 2012

Aim  Achondroplasia is characterized by delays in the development of communication and motor skills. While previously reported developmental profiles exist across gross motor, fine motor, feeding, and communication skills, there has been no prospective study of development across multiple areas simultaneously.Method  This Australasian population‐based study utilized a prospective questionnaire to quantify developmental data for skills in children born from 2000 to 2009. Forty‐eight families from Australia and New Zealand were asked to report every 3 months on their child’s attainment of 41 milestones. Results include reference to previously available prospective information.Results  Information from questionnaires was used to develop an achondroplasia‐specific developmental recording form. The 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th centiles were plotted to offer clear guidelines for development across gross motor, fine motor, feeding, and communication skills in children with achondroplasia.Interpretations  Consistent with results from previous research, children with achondroplasia are delayed in development of gross motor and ambulatory skills. Young children with achondroplasia demonstrate a number of unique movement strategies that appear compensatory for the biomechanical changes. While delays were seen in development of later communication items, there were fewer delays seen across development of early communication, fine motor, and feeding skills.
Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder show an amblyopia‐like pattern of vision deficit
Authors: VERNESCU ROXANA M , ADAMS RUSSELL J , COURAGE MARY L 
Published: March 2012

Aim  The aim of the study was to assess and characterize visual functioning in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) using a broader and more inclusive range of measures than has been reported previously.Method  Standard tests of visual functioning were used to assess 21 children (11 females, 10 males) with FASD and 21 sex‐ and age‐matched comparison children without FASD. The age of the children ranged from 6 years 9 months to 11 years 11 months (mean 9y 6mo). Children were tested individually under standardized conditions for visual acuity, stereoacuity, contrast sensitivity, ocular alignment/motility, color vision, and refractive error.Results  Compared with non‐affected children, children with FASD showed deficits in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereoacuity. Ocular alignment/motility, refractive error, and color vision measures were normal. Among children with FASD, 62% met the criteria for referral to an eye specialist, compared with 20% of children without FASD.Interpretation  Children with FASD showed an amblyopia‐like pattern of vision deficit in the absence of the optical and oculomotor disruptions of early experience that usually precede this condition. Evidence from animal models suggests that the deficits in spatial vision may be due to alterations in the functional architecture of the neocortex that occurs following prenatal alcohol exposure.
Changes in lung function of HIV‐infected patients: a 4·5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Kristoffersen Ulrik Sloth , Lebech Anne‐Mette , Mortensen Jann , Gerstoft Jan , Gutte Henrik , Kjaer Andreas 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the development of lung function in HIV‐infected patients.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, 88 HIV‐infected patients had a lung function test performed and 63 patients (72%) had their LFT repeated with a median follow‐up period of 4·4 years. Forty‐eight per cent were smokers, and at the re‐examination, 97% were on combination antiretroviral therapy.ResultsCarbon monoxide diffusion capacity was reduced and decreased over time in both smokers and non‐smokers. Alveolar volume decreased and forced vital capacity increased similarly in both smokers and non‐smokers. No changes were observed in forced expiratory volume or peak flow, but smokers had reduced values compared with those of the non‐smokers at both examinations. FEV1/FVC was reduced especially in smokers and declined in both smokers and non‐smokers.ConclusionsCarbon monoxide diffusion capacity is reduced in HIV‐infected patients and seems to decline over time. Additionally, signs of obstructive lung disease are present in HIV‐infected patients and seem to increase over time, although only modestly.
Health‐Promoting Interventions for Persons Aged 80 and Older Are Successful in the Short Term—Results from the Randomized and Three‐Armed Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone Study
Authors: Gustafsson Susanne , Wilhelmson Katarina , Eklund Kajsa , Gosman‐Hedström Gunilla , Zidén Lena , Kronlöf Greta H. , Højgaard Betina , Slinde Frode , Rothenberg Elisabeth , Landahl Sten , Dahlin‐Ivanoff Synneve 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the outcomes of the Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone study, which was designed to evaluate whether it is possible to delay deterioration if a health‐promoting intervention is made when an older adult (≥80) is at risk of becoming frail and whether a multiprofessional group intervention is more effective in delaying deterioration than a single preventive home visit with regard to frailty, self‐rated health, and activities of daily living (ADLs) at 3‐month follow‐up.DesignRandomized, three‐armed, single‐blind, controlled trial performed between November 2007 and May 2011.SettingTwo urban districts of Gothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsFour hundred fifty‐nine community‐living adults aged 80 and older not dependent on the municipal home help service.InterventionA preventive home visit or four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings with one follow‐up home visit.MeasurementsChange in frailty, self‐rated health, and ADLs between baseline and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsBoth interventions delayed deterioration of self‐rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–3.54). Senior meetings were the most beneficial intervention for postponing dependence in ADLs (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.14–3.33). No effect on frailty could be demonstrated.ConclusionHealth‐promoting interventions made when older adults are at risk of becoming frail can delay deterioration in self‐rated health and ADLs in the short term. A multiprofessional group intervention such as the senior meetings described seems to have a greater effect on delaying deterioration in ADLs than a single preventive home visit. Further research is needed to examine the outcome in the long term and in different contexts.