bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifications of erythrocyte membrane hydration induced by organic tin compounds
Authors: Żyłka Romuald , Kleszczyńska Halina , Kupiec Justyna , Bonarska‐Kujawa Dorota , Hladyszowski Jerzy , Przestalski Stanislaw 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA study on the effects of selected organic chlorides of tin on the extent of hydration of the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte ghosts from pig blood is presented. The following compounds were used, dibutyltin dichloride (DBT), tributyltin chloride (TBT), diphenyltin dichloride (DPhT) and triphenyltin chloride (TPhT). The degree of membrane hydration was measured by the ATR FTIR technique, which makes it possible to estimate the level of carbonyl and phosphate group hydration in lipids of membranes. Other measurements were made with a fluorescence technique involving a laurdan probe. Tin organic compounds caused dehydration of the lipid bilayer of ghosts in the region of the carbonyl groups. DBT and TBT produced weak dehydration in the region of the phosphate group, whereas DPhT and TPhT increased hydration. The results allow one to determine the location of organotin compounds within a membrane, and show that TBT penetrates the membrane the deepest and DBT the shallowest. Phenyl tin compounds penetrate membranes to an intermediate depth. The results obtained indicate that the destructive properties of the organometallic compounds depend mostly on their effect on hydration of the membrane.
P53 negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of FOXO3a under oxidative stress
Authors: Miyaguchi Yasuo , Tsuchiya Keita , Sakamoto Kazuichi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTranscription factors P53 and FOXO are both activated in response to stresses via protein–protein interactions, leading to events such as cell survival or apoptosis. To clarify the mechanisms that regulate FOXO activity, we analyzed the intermolecular interaction of FOXO3a and P53. FOXO3a and P53 interacted in COS‐7 cells, and transcriptional activity of FOXO3a was suppressed by P53, but P53 was not affected by FOXO3a. RT–PCR revealed that expression of the endogenous apoptosis‐inducible genes Bim and Bcl6 was decreased markedly by co‐expression of P53 with them, but expression of p27 and CyclinG2 was not. In addition, treatment with 500 μM H2O2 for 30 min to 1 h to mimic oxidative stress promoted protein binding. Serum deprivation and drug treatment also affected the binding of FOXO3a and P53. These findings suggest that FOXO3a controls cellular function by changing its molecular interaction with P53 to mediate transcription factor activity under stress stimuli.
Concordance rates for cognitive impairment among older African American twins
Authors: Whitfield Keith E. , Kiddoe Jared , Gamaldo Alyssa , Andel Ross , Edwards Christopher L. 
Published: May 2009

BackgroundThere is significant attention to the growing elderly African American population and estimating who and how many within this population will be affected by cognitive impairment.ObjectiveThe etiology of cognitive impairment has not been well studied in African Americans and the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to cognitive impairment is not clear.MethodsWe calculated concordance rates and heritability for cognitive impairment in 95 same‐sexed pairs of African American twins from the Carolina African American Twin Study on Aging (CAATSA). The sample had an average age of 59.6 years (SD &equals; 8.6 years, range 50‐88 years) and 60% were female. The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) was used to assess cognitive impairment with a lower cutoff based on our previous research with African Americans.ResultsThirteen of the monozygotic (MZ) twins (30.2%) and 9 of the dizygotic (DZ) twins (17.3%) were cognitively impaired. The concordance rate was 72% for MZ and 45% for DZ. We found the heritability for cognitive impairment to be 54%.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate that cognitive impairment is highly heritable, suggesting that genetics may play a relatively large role in the development of cognitive impairment in African American twins.
Consumer responses to brand elimination: An attributional perspective
Authors: Mao Huifang , Luo Xueming , Jain Shailendra Pratap 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWhile research on innovation and new product development abounds in the literature, studies on firms deleting brands from their portfolio are virtually non‐existent. This paper provides a pioneering examination of how brand elimination might influence consumer evaluations of the firm. As compared to a widely‐held belief that brand elimination would adversely affect firm image, we propose that in situations where brand elimination can be viewed as the firm's effort to improve performance, consumers will rate this action favorably, with concomitant outcomes relating to firm evaluation. These ideas are supported in three studies. Study 1 finds that elimination targeting a weak (vs. strong) brand is more likely to be associated with eliminate‐to‐improve attributions, and consequently, more favorable evaluations. Study 2 shows that explanations provided by the firm (as against explanations generated internally by the consumers) help consumers make positive attributions for elimination targeting a strong brand, but lower evaluations when a weak brand is being eliminated. Study 3 establishes that loyal consumers are more likely to assess the applicability of an ‘eliminate‐to‐improve’ attribution and give favorable evaluations only when the eliminated brand is weak. Non‐loyal consumers in general respond favorably to the elimination, regardless of brand strength. Future directions for brand elimination research are discussed.
A cohort study on anti-filarial IgG4 and its assessment in good and uncertain MDA-compliant subjects in brugian filariasis endemic areas in southern Thailand
Authors: Jiraamonnimit C. , Wongkamchai S. , Boitano J. , Nochot H. , Loymek S. , Chujun S. , Yodmek S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe prevalence ofBrugia malayiwas surveyed in three highly endemic provinces in southern Thailand as part of an ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of two rounds of mass drug administration (MDA). Prior to MDA IV, and thereafter every 6 months up to 18 months, including MDA V at 12 months, nocturnal blood sampling was assayed for microfilaria (mf) and IgG4 antibodies in 200 subjects from Nakorn Srithammarat and Surathani provinces. From an additional 300 subjects from Narathiwatt province, daytime blood was also examined for IgG4 antibodies for 1 year. Subjects who tested positive, with reciprocal IgG4 titres above 100, were dichotomized in the ‘good compliant’ or ‘uncertain compliant’ groups. Stool samples were examined for intestinal parasites from all 500 subjects simultaneously. Only two subjects (1%) tested positive for mf, while 98 subjects (19.6% of 500) tested positive for IgG4. In general, the good drug-compliant subjects were less likely to exhibit the IgG4 response than subjects in the uncertain compliant group. Only six subjects (1.2%) exhibited lymphoedema while 68 subjects (13.6%) had a total of 105 parasitic infections, with female instances of protozoan infections exceeding male instances of helminth infections. It was concluded that the two MDA rounds were highly successful in not only in reducing mf to negligible levels but also in lowering antifilarial IgG4 titres in the good compliant subjects. The IgG4 assay is a sensitive and cost-effective surveillance tool for the early detection of brugian infections that is not contingent on nocturnal blood collections.
A method for reducing uncertainty in estimates of fish-school frequency response using data from multifrequency and multibeam echosounders
Authors: Berger Laurent , Poncelet Cyrille , Trenkel Verena M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Berger, L., Poncelet, C., and Trenkel, V. M. 2009. A method for reducing uncertainty in estimates of fish-school frequency response using data from multifrequency and multibeam echosounders. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1155–1161. Fish schools can be insonified simultaneously with multifrequency echosounders (e.g. Simrad EK60s) and a multibeam echosounder (e.g. Simrad ME70). This paper presents a method for combining these data to improve estimates of the relative frequency response r(f) of fish schools. Values of r(f) are now commonly used to classify echoes in fishery surveys. The data from the roll- and pitch-stabilized, high-resolution ME70 are used to correct beam-width effects in the multifrequency EK60 data. First, knowing the exact position and orientation of the transducers and the position of the vessel, the echoes are placed into a common geographic coordinate system. Then, the EK60 data are rejected if they do not include a significant percentage of the fish school imaged with the multibeam echosounder. Echoes that exceed the overlap threshold are used to estimate the r(f). The proposed method is applied to simulated and actual data for sardine and mackerel schools in the Bay of Biscay to estimate their r(f) values. The results for different overlap thresholds are compared with the results of a different method, one that uses adaptive thresholds on volume-backscattering strength Sv. The proposed method reduces uncertainty in estimates of r(f) for schools with an overlap of greater than 80%, and it outperforms the Sv-thresholding technique.
Long‐term ecological sites: musings on the future, as seen (dimly) from the past
Authors: JANZEN H. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLong‐term ecological sites are ‘listening places’– places where we press our ears to the earth and strain to hear its pulse. Such sites will be needed especially in coming decades, as ecosystems throughout the world face mounting stresses, mostly from human influences. My aim, in these musings, is to elicit conversation, by way of seven questions, about how best to look after the long‐term sites, so that they remain intact, relevant, and enlightening for our successors, decades hence.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of ovaries of arrhenotokous and thelytokous Venturia canescens
Authors: Mateo Leach I. , Hesseling A. , Huibers W. H. C. , Witsenboer H. , Beukeboom L. W. , Van De Zande L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUnder arrhenotoky, unfertilized haploid eggs develop as males but under thelytoky they develop into diploid females after they have undergone diploidy restoration. In the parasitoid wasp Venturia canescens both reproductive modes occur. Thelytoky is genetically determined but the underlying genetics of diploidy restoration remain unknown. In this study we aim to identify the genes and/or proteins that control thelytoky. cDNA‐amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA‐AFLP) analysis of total ovarian RNA and two‐dimensional protein electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry revealed putative transcripts and proteins involved in arrhenotokous and thelytokous development. The detected tubulin and actin protein differences are most likely functionally related to the two types of reproduction.
Mechanical response of nickel–titanium instruments with different cross‐sectional designs during shaping of simulated curved canals
Authors: Kim H. C. , Kim H. J. , Lee C. J. , Kim B. M. , Park J. K. , Versluis A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate how different cross‐sectional designs affect stress distribution in nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments during bending, torsion and simulated shaping of a curved canal.Methodology  Four NiTi rotary instruments with different cross‐sectional geometries were selected: ProFile and HeroShaper systems with a common triangle‐based cross section, Mtwo with an S‐shaped rectangle‐based design and NRT with a modified rectangle‐based design. The geometries of the selected files were scanned in a micro‐CT and three‐dimensional finite‐element models were created for each system. Stiffness characteristics for each file system were determined in a series of bending and torsional conditions. Canal shaping was simulated by inserting models of the rotating file into a 45° curved canal model. Stress distribution in the instruments was recorded during simulated shaping. After the instruments were retracted from the canal, residual stresses and permanent bending of their tips due to plastic deformation were determined.Results  The greatest bending and torsional stiffness occurred in the NRT file. During simulated shaping, the instruments with triangle‐based cross‐sectional geometry had more even stress distributions along their length and had lower stress concentrations than the instruments with rectangle‐based cross sections. Higher residual stresses and plastic deformations were found in the Mtwo and NRT with rectangle‐based cross‐sectional geometries.Conclusions  Nickel–titanium instruments with rectangle‐based cross‐sectional designs created higher stress differentials during simulated canal shaping and may encounter higher residual stress and plastic deformation than instruments with triangle‐based cross sections.
The influence of coronal tooth tissue in the diagnosis of apical pathosis
Authors: Rushton V. E. , Qualtrough A. J. E. , Al‐Masserah Y. , Rushton M. N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To assess the influence of the status of the crown of the tooth on the observers’ periapical radiological assessment.Methodology  Seven clinical tutors, eight postgraduate students and seven undergraduate students were recruited. Each evaluated 24 periapical radiographs comprising 12 radiographs with teeth restored with small to medium coronal restorations and 12 radiographs displaying teeth which were either heavily restored or exhibited gross caries. Two viewing sessions, separated by several weeks, were undertaken using ideal viewing conditions. In the first viewing teeth were examined in their entirety and in the second the coronal aspects of the teeth were obscured.Results  An analysis of variance found no significant differences between the groups of observers during the first viewing. When the crowns were masked, undergraduate students had a significantly lower sensitivity (P = 0.008) compared with postgraduates and clinical tutors. Paired t‐tests found a significant increase in the sensitivity of the postgraduate students between the first and second viewing (P = 0.037). Mean sensitivity and specificity for the undergraduates decreased from 0.67 to 0.63 and 0.64 to 0.60 for the first and second viewing, respectively, whilst mean sensitivity for postgraduates and clinical tutors increased from 0.59 to 0.79 and 0.69 to 0.80, respectively. Specificity increased from 0.72 to 0.78 for the postgraduates between viewings, whilst the tutors recorded 0.80 for each viewing.Conclusion  The status of coronal tooth tissue had a major impact on the diagnostic accuracy of the observers with limited radiological experience supporting the need for earlier radiological training within the undergraduate curriculum.
Evaluation of several protocols for the application of ultrasound during the removal of cast intraradicular posts cemented with zinc phosphate cement
Authors: Garrido A. D. B. , Oliveira A. G. , Osório J. E. V. , Silva‐Sousa Y. T. C. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate several protocols for the application of ultrasound during removal of cast posts with varying core configurations cemented with zinc phosphate.Methodology  Sixty maxillary canines were distributed into three groups (n = 20): group 1 – core with 5 mm diameter/height and post diameter of 1.3 mm; groups 2 and 3 – core with the same diameter as the post (1.3 mm) and heights of 5 mm and 3 mm, respectively. Posts/cores were cemented using a standard technique with zinc phosphate cement. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to the ultrasonic vibration mode: point vibration – ultrasonic vibration applied to the core surface for 5 s, on each face totalling 25 s; alternate vibration – intermittent application of ultrasonic vibration for 10 s to the labial and lingual surfaces, 10 s to the mesial and distal surfaces and 5 s to the incisal surface, totalling 25 s. The specimens were submitted to the tensile test using an Instron machine (1 mm min−1) and results were analysed by anova and t‐test. The failure type was also analysed.Results  Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups relating to the core preparations (P < 0.05). The lowest mean values of traction force were obtained for group 3 (46.1 ± 7.7 N), followed by group 2 (89.0 ± 2.7 N) and group 1 (160.4 ± 7.5 N). Regarding ultrasonic vibration, the lowest mean was observed with alternate vibration (81.1 ± 10.1 N), which was significantly lower than the point vibration (115.9 ± 9.5 N) (P < 0.05). Cohesive failure occurred in all cases.Conclusion  A reduction in core diameter/height and intermittent ultrasonic application improved the removal of cast posts cemented with zinc phosphate.
Pain associated with root canal treatment
Authors: Segura‐Egea J. J. , Cisneros‐Cabello R. , Llamas‐Carreras J. M. , Velasco‐Ortega E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To determine the pain experienced by patients during root canal treatment and to correlate with age and gender, pulpal diagnosis, previous periapical status, dental characteristics and length of treatment.Methodology  One hundred and seventy‐six patients (68 men and 108 women), with ages ranged from 6 to 83 years, were randomly recruited. Patients completed a 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS) that ranked the level of pain experienced during root canal treatment.Results  The mean pain level during root canal treatment was 1.2 ± 0.8 in a VAS between 0 and 10. Fifty‐four per cent of patients did not experience pain. There were no significant differences in relation to gender or age groups. Mandibular teeth had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage incidence of pain in comparison with maxillary teeth. Pain was absent in 63% of anterior teeth compared with 44% in posterior ones (P < 0.01). Interventions shorter than 45 min resulted in a significantly higher percentage of pain absence (P < 0.05). Root canal treatment was significantly (P < 0.05) more painful in teeth with irreversible pulpitis and acute apical periodontitis compared to the group with necrotic pulps and chronic apical periodontitis (P = 0.049).Conclusions  Root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis and acute apical periodontitis was more painful. Age, tooth type and length of the treatment were factors associated with increased risk for pain experienced during the procedure. Knowledge of pain levels endured by patients will allow dentists to decide when to use supplemental local anaesthesia.
Effect of heat treatment on transformation temperatures and bending properties of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments
Authors: Yahata Y. , Yoneyama T. , Hayashi Y. , Ebihara A. , Doi H. , Hanawa T. , Suda H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To investigate the effect of heat treatment on the bending properties of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments in relation to their transformation behaviour.Methodology  Nickel–titanium super‐elastic alloy wire (1.00 mm Ø) was processed into a conical shape with a 0.30 mm diameter tip and 0.06 taper. The heat treatment temperature was set at 440 or 500 °C for a period of 10 or 30 min. Nonheat‐treated specimens were used as controls. The phase transformation behaviour was examined using differential scanning calorimetry. A cantilever‐bending test was used to evaluate the bending properties of the specimens. Data were analyed by anova and the Tukey–Kramer test (P = 0.05).Results  The transformation temperature was higher for each heat treatment condition compared with the control. Two clear thermal peaks were observed for the heat treatment at 440 °C. The specimen heated at 440 °C for 30 min exhibited the highest temperatures for Ms and Af, with subsequently lower temperatures observed for specimens heated at 440 °C for 10 min, 500 °C for 30 min, 500 °C for 10 min, and control specimens. The sample heated at 440 °C for 30 min had the lowest bending load values (P < 0.05), both in the elastic range (0.5 mm deflection) and in the super‐elastic range (2.0 mm deflection). The influence of heat treatment time was less than that of heat treatment temperature.Conclusions  Change in the transformation behaviour by heat treatment may be effective in increasing the flexibility of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments.
Degree of conversion of dual‐cured resin cement light‐cured through three fibre posts within human root canals: an ex vivo study
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Kim S. K. , Kim K. H. , Kwon T. Y. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To evaluate the degree of conversion of one dual‐cured resin cement light‐cured through three fibre posts within extracted human teeth.Methodology  Fifteen mandibular premolars were root filled and then divided into three groups. Variolink II was light‐cured through the posts (LP, D.T. Light‐Post; PP, FRC Postec Plus; SP, Snowpost) within the root canal. The degree of conversion was obtained at 1 mm intervals in 9 mm‐deep longitudinally sectioned root canals using an optical microscope connected to an FTIR spectrophotometer (n = 10). The light transmission of each post tested was also examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Data were analysed using anova and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).Results  The LP and PP posts revealed a light transmission of 10.2% and 7.7%, respectively, whereas the SP post exhibited a significantly lower value of 0.5%. The degree of conversion mean value ranged from 32.78% to 69.73% depending on the depth and type of post. For all the groups, there were significant decreases in the degree of conversion values for the middle region when compared with those for the cervical region (P < 0.05). Except at a depth of 1 mm, the SP group consistently exhibited significantly lower degree of conversion values than the other groups (P < 0.05). The linear regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between the light transmission of the posts and the overall degree of conversion value for each group (R2 = 0.9888).Conclusions  The decrease in the degree of conversion for Variolink II relative to the depth was dependent on the light transmission capacity of the posts tested.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in human pulp cells of teeth with complete and incomplete root development
Authors: Caviedes‐Bucheli J. , Canales‐Sánchez P. , Castrillón‐Sarria N. , Jovel‐Garcia J. , Alvarez‐Vásquez J. , Rivero C. , Azuero‐Holguín M. M. , Diaz E. , Munoz H. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAim  To quantify the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human pulp cells of teeth with complete or incomplete root development, to support the specific role of IGF‐1 in cell proliferation during tooth development and pulp reparative processes.Methodology  Twenty six pulp samples were obtained from freshly extracted human third molars, equally divided in two groups according to root development stage (complete or incomplete root development). All samples were processed and immunostained to determine the expression of IGF‐1 and PCNA in pulp cells. Sections were observed with a light microscope at 80× and morphometric analyses were performed to calculate the area of PCNA and IGF‐1 immunostaining using digital image software. Mann–Whitney’s test was used to determine statistically significant differences between groups (P < 0.05) for each peptide and the co‐expression of both.Results  Expression of IGF‐1 and PCNA was observed in all human pulp samples with a statistically significant higher expression in cells of pulps having complete root development (P = 0.0009).Conclusion  Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and PCNA are expressed in human pulp cells, with a significant greater expression in pulp cells of teeth having complete root development.