bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A placebo‐controlled trial of an oral capsaicin load in patients with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Führer M. , Vogelsang H. , Hammer J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground  The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia is poorly understood. Visceral hypersensitivity may play a key role. We studied a previously validated test to assess chemical hypersensitivity in functional dyspepsia by applying an oral capsaicin load.Methods  A total of 116 outpatients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms participated in this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of which 73 patients received a final diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. Patients swallowed a capsule containing 0.75 mg capsaicin or placebo. A graded questionnaire evaluated the severity of nine upper GI symptoms before and after capsule ingestion and an aggregate symptom score was calculated. A final score of >9 was considered as a positive test.Key Results  In functional dyspepsia, median perception scores were 10.8 (interquartile range: 4.5–18.8) after ingestion of capsaicin and 0.5 (0.0–2.5) after placebo (P < 0.001). Thirty‐seven functional dyspepsia patients (54%) had a positive test after capsaicin ingestion, whereas only four (11%) patients with upper GI symptoms but without functional dyspepsia were capsaicin positive [median perception score: 1.5 (0.0–5.0)]. After placebo, symptom scores were low and not significantly different among patient groups (P > 0.05). Clinical characteristics, age, and gender distribution was similar in capsaicin positive and capsaicin negative functional dyspepsia patients (P > 0.05). The value of patient blinding was good.Conclusions & Inferences  Half of functional dyspepsia patients had chemical hypersensitivity, determined with an oral capsaicin load. Placebo response was negligible. The results of the capsaicin test were not associated with specific dyspepsia symptoms or Rome subgroups.
Intraindividual variability of the modified Schwartz and novel CKiD GFR equations in pediatric renal transplant patients
Authors: Tsampalieros Anne , Lepage Nathalie , Feber Janusz 
Published: August 2011

Tsampalieros A, Lepage N, Feber J. Intraindividual variability of the modified Schwartz and novel CKiD GFR equations in pediatric renal transplant patients. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 760–765. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  GFR in children can be obtained from a formula using SCr and height or various formulas including serum CysC. Recently, two new GFR formulas have been developed: (i) height and SCr—mSchwartz GFR and (ii) height, SCr, CysC, and serum urea (CKiD GFR). While these formulas proved to be accurate when compared to the gold standard, their use in children post‐kidney Tx is yet to be assessed. A total of 1174 blood samples (urea, SCr and CysC) were analyzed from the post‐Tx period in 24 Tx children (12 boys, median age = 8.6 yr) currently followed at our institution. CKiD GFR and mSchwartz GFR were compared using Bland–Altman analysis and the CV. The mSchwartz GFR overestimated the CKiD GFR (mean bias = 1.09 ± 0.14; 95% limits of agreements from 0.82 to 1.36). Median CV of CKiD GFR (10.3%) was significantly lower than that of mSchwartz GFR (15.0%), p = 0.04, and negatively correlated with the slope of GFR (r2 = 0.34, p = 0.0026). In conclusion, CKiD GFR has a significantly lower intraindividual variation than mSchwartz GFR and may be better suited for longitudinal follow‐up of patients post‐Tx.
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin on β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Williams‐Herman D. , Xu L. , Teng R. , Golm G. T. , Johnson J. , Davies M. J. , Kaufman K. D. , Goldstein B. J. 
Published: August 2011

Aim: To examine the effect of sitagliptin and metformin, alone and in combination, on modelled parameters of β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: The data used in the present analyses are from a 104‐week study, which included a 24‐week, placebo‐ and active controlled phase followed by a 30‐week, active controlled, continuation phase and an additional 50‐week, active controlled extension phase. Patients were randomised to one of six blinded treatments: sitagliptin 50 mg + metformin 1000 mg b.i.d., sitagliptin 50 mg + metformin 500 mg b.i.d., metformin 1000 mg b.i.d., metformin 500 mg b.i.d., sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. or placebo. Patients on placebo were switched in a blinded manner to metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. at week 24. Subsets of patients volunteered to undergo frequently sampled meal tolerance tests at baseline and at weeks 24, 54 and 104. β‐cell responsivity was assessed with the C‐peptide minimal model. The static component (Φs) estimates the rate of insulin secretion related to above‐basal glucose concentration. The dynamic component (Φd) is related to the rate of change in glucose. The total index (Φtotal) represents the overall response to a glycaemic stimulus and is calculated as a function of Φs and Φd. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with the Matsuda index (ISI). The disposition index, which assesses insulin secretion relative to the prevailing insulin sensitivity, was calculated based on the Φtotal and ISI.Results: At week 24, substantial reductions in postmeal glucose were observed with all active treatment groups relative to the placebo group. Φs, Φtotal and the disposition index were significantly improved from baseline at week 24 with all active treatments relative to placebo. Generally larger effects were observed with the initial combination of sitagliptin and metformin relative to the monotherapy groups. When expressed as median percent change from baseline, Φs increased from baseline by 137 and 177% in the low‐ and high‐dose combination groups and by 85, 54, 73 and −9% in the high‐dose metformin, low‐dose metformin, sitagliptin monotherapy and placebo groups, respectively. At weeks 54 and 104, the combination treatment groups continued to demonstrate greater improvements in β‐cell function relative to their respective monotherapy groups.Conclusions: After 24 weeks of therapy, relative to placebo, initial treatment with sitagliptin or metformin monotherapy improved β‐cell function; moreover, initial combination therapy demonstrated larger improvements than the individual monotherapies. Improvements in β‐cell function were found with treatments for up to 2 years.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of degarelix for advanced hormone‐dependent prostate cancer
Authors: Lu Lanting , Peters Jaime , Roome Chris , Stein Ken 
Published: August 2011

Study Type – Therapy (cost‐effectiveness analysis)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The European Medicines Evaluation Agency recognised that the principal advantage of degarelix is the avoidance of the transient rise in testosterone. This paper compares the cost‐effectiveness of degarelix with the most common treatment in the UK (LHRHa plus short‐term anti‐androgen) for the management of prostate cancer, focusing on the costs and clinical consequences that might be associated by the avoidance of the transient rise in testosterone. Our analysis suggests that, at the current UK list price, degarelix would not represent good value for money for the NHS.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of degarelix vs luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue (triptorelin) plus short‐term antiandrogen treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
METHODS
We developed a decision analytic model based on a clinical trial and literature review. The two interventions evaluated were: (i) monthly injection of degarelix and (ii) 3‐monthly triptorelin therapy plus short‐term flutamide, cyproterone or bicalutamide treatment.
The model consisted of a decision tree monitoring a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 70 years from the start of hormonal treatment to the end of the first month, and a Markov model monitoring patients from the end of month 1 for a time horizon of 10 years (i.e. when 96% of patients are assumed to have died).
The base‐case analysis assumed patients present with asymptomatic metastatic prostate cancer. Costs and outcomes were collected over the model time horizon. Outcome measures were quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios.
Sensitivity analyses (one‐way and multi‐way) and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the uncertainties around the assumptions.
RESULTS
In the base‐case analysis, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) for degarelix vs triptorelin plus antiandrogen was £59 000 per QALY gained.
The model was most sensitive to the rate of significant adverse events in the triptorelin plus antiandrogen group. The model was also sensitive to the assumed survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer and the price of degarelix.
The results of the probabilistic sensitivity analyses suggested that there was a low probability (9.6%) of degarelix being the most cost‐effective treatment option when a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of £30 000 per QALY gained is assumed.
CONCLUSION
Degarelix is unlikely to be cost‐effective compared to triptorelin plus short‐term antiandrogen in the management of advanced prostate cancer with respect to the usual thresholds of cost‐effectiveness used in the UK: £20 000–30 000 per QALY gained (used by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence).
Targeted disruption of neuronal 19S proteasome subunits induces the formation of ubiquitinated inclusions in the absence of cell death
Authors: Droggiti Anna , Ho Cherry Chen‐Ying , Stefanis Leonidas , Dauer William T. , Rideout Hardy J. 
Published: August 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 630–643.AbstractProteasome‐mediated proteolysis is a major protein degradation mechanism in cells and its dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, each with the common features of neuronal death and formation of ubiquitinated inclusions found within neurites, the cell body, or nucleus. Previous models of proteasome dysfunction have employed pharmacological inhibition of the catalytic subunits of the 20S proteasome core, or the genetic manipulation of specific subunits resulting in altered proteasome assembly. In this study, we report the use of dominant negative subunits of the 19S regulatory proteasome complex that mediate the recognition of ubiquitinated substrates as well as the removal of the poly‐ubiquitin chain. Interestingly, while each mutant subunit‐induced inclusion formation, like that seen with pharmacological inhibition of the 20S proteasome, none was able to induce apoptotic death, or trigger activation of macroautophagy, in either dopaminergic cell lines or primary cortical neurons. This finding highlights the dissociation between the mechanisms of neuronal inclusion formation and the induction of cell death, and represents a novel cellular model for Lewy body‐like inclusion formation in neurons.
Racial disparities in being recommended to surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States
Authors: Weng Yanqiu , Korte Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2011

Weng Y, Korte JE. Racial disparities in being recommended to surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 80–88. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  To investigate the impact of race on the likelihood of patients being recommended for surgery after a diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer.Methods:  A total of 68 445 cases of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were extracted from the 1988 to 2005 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. County‐level rurality data and income data were merged using the US Department of Agriculture Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes dataset and US Census Bureau Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates dataset. We used logistic regression analyses to investigate the impact of race on being recommended to surgery for oral and oropharyngeal cancer, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Stratified analyses were further conducted by tumor site and rural/urban status.Results:  Recommendation to surgery varied significantly by race, with black patients less likely than white patients to be recommended to surgery for their oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The racial difference in recommendation to surgery varied significantly by age, geography, and tumor subsite. Racial disparities are most evident in lip and buccal cancer from rural areas (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.6–7.5); and least evident in oropharyngeal cancer from urban areas (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3). The magnitude of the racial disparity is attenuated with increasing age.Conclusions:  We observed substantial racial disparities in surgery recommendation for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States. Our results suggest the need to improve accessibility to better health care in racial minority groups, particularly in rural areas, and call for individual and institutional efforts to avoid physician bias related to the patient’s sociodemographic characteristics in healthcare service.
Impact of tooth loss on the quality of life
Authors: Saintrain Maria Vieira de Lima , de Souza Eliane Helena Alvim 
Published: August 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00535.x

Impact of tooth loss on the quality of life of elderly peopleIntroduction:  There is scientific evidence that shows health contributes to the quality of life. These measurements have not been well guided towards the free response of oral health in people’s lives.Objective:  This study aimed to investigate the impact of tooth loss on the quality of life of elderly people.Material and methods:  Qualitative investigation with descriptive features – which used a random sample out of the total edentulous elderly people, who lived in an institution in Fortaleza, Brazil – was carried out. From 250 residents screened, 72 completely edentulous elderly, with ages from 60 to 79 years were selected. A semi‐structured questionnaire was used with closed and opened questions in which the last one was used for the free flow of the interviewee’s responses. The content was analysed and codified according to Bardin.Results:  In total, 84.7% had attended the dentist to have exodontia. Of them, 81.9% reported difficulties after losing their teeth. Physical dimensions, characterised by the difficulties in eating and social dimensions, because of interference in communication with other people were obtained.Conclusion:  Tooth loss causes disorder in the individual’s quality of life, mainly when it affects their well‐being and appearance.
Exploratory analysis of cardiac biomarkers in women with normal cardiac function receiving trastuzumab for breast cancer
Authors: Goel Shom , Simes R John , Beith Jane M 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  As there is no method to detect trastuzumab‐related cardiotoxicity (TRC) preclinically, patients are monitored with serial assessments of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with instigation of cardiac therapy and possible interruption of trastuzumab therapy if TRC develops. Serum cardiac biomarkers, including troponins and natriuretic peptides, represent possible tools to detect cardiotoxicity at a preclinical level.Methods:  We sought biochemical evidence of cardiac damage or strain in a cohort of women already receiving trastuzumab by performing a cross‐sectional study of serum cardiac biomarkers. All patients had a normal LVEF and no clinical evidence of cardiac failure. Serum troponin I and N‐terminal pro‐B type natriuretic peptide (NT pro‐BNP) were assayed immediately prior to trastuzumab infusion (t0; n = 36) and 24 hours later (t24; n = 31).Results:  Troponin I was not elevated in any patient at t0 or t24. Overall 14/36 (39%) patients had at least one NT pro‐BNP level above the upper limit of normal (ULN) and both levels were above the ULN in 8/31 (26%) patients. There was no significant change in NT pro‐BNP from t0 to t24.Conclusion:  NT pro‐BNP levels are elevated in a significant proportion of patients with normal LVEF receiving trastuzumab. Troponin I levels are not raised in this group, perhaps reflecting the mechanism of cardiotoxicity. The data provide biochemical evidence of subclinical cardiac strain in women receiving trastuzumab. Results are exploratory and have informed the design of a larger study examining the predictive utility of serial serum NT pro‐BNP levels for TRC in the adjuvant setting.
The results of a pilot time‐and‐motion study in three Australian hospitals: Where do we spend our time?
Authors: MILOSAVLJEVIC Marianna , WILLIAMS Peter , PEREZ Geraldine , DALLA Tegan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  To quantify the time nine dietitians spend on different tasks in the inpatient setting and to describe the main dietetic goals for the patients managed.Methods:  We used a direct non‐participatory observational method and observed hospital dietitians during a typical work shift. The data were then sorted into six categories.Results:  A total of 286 hours and 45 minutes was observed across two collection time periods. On average the dietitians spent 18.3% in direct patient contact, 40.4% in indirect patient support activities, 13.5% in administrative tasks, 4.5% in research and education and 3.8% in travel and miscellaneous tasks. Dietetic goals of patients seen during this time, as identified by the dietitians were; to increase energy intake (48%), decrease energy intake (3%), improve dietary knowledge(15%), to improve or manage clinical symptoms (7%) and to meet enteral or parental requirements(11%).Conclusion:  Knowing how the dietitians in the present study spend their time affords an opportunity to reflect on how these tasks contribute to the overall goals of the department. Furthermore, it provides baseline data for additional research into the area of dietetic work activities, which could be evaluated across a wider range of services and hospitals.
Interspecific hybridization transfers a previously unknown glyphosate resistance mechanism in Amaranthus species
Authors: Gaines Todd A. , Ward Sarah M. , Bukun Bekir , Preston Christopher , Leach Jan E. , Westra Philip 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA previously unknown glyphosate resistance mechanism, amplification of the 5‐enolpyruvyl shikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase gene, was recently reported in Amaranthus palmeri. This evolved mechanism could introgress to other weedy Amaranthus species through interspecific hybridization, representing an avenue for acquisition of a novel adaptive trait. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for this glyphosate resistance trait to transfer via pollen from A. palmeri to five other weedy Amaranthus species (Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus powellii, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus spinosus, and Amaranthus tuberculatus). Field and greenhouse crosses were conducted using glyphosate‐resistant male A. palmeri as pollen donors and the other Amaranthus species as pollen recipients. Hybridization between A. palmeri and A. spinosus occurred with frequencies in the field studies ranging from <0.01% to 0.4%, and 1.4% in greenhouse crosses. A majority of the A. spinosus × A. palmeri hybrids grown to flowering were monoecious and produced viable seed. Hybridization occurred in the field study between A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus (<0.2%), and between A. palmeri and A. hybridus (<0.01%). This is the first documentation of hybridization between A. palmeri and both A. spinosus and A. hybridus.
A retrospective study of pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin as second‐line treatment for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer: Comparable toxicity, better outcome
Authors: Zhang Xin‐xing , Huang Mei‐juan , Gong You‐ling , Zhou Lin , Liu Yong‐mei , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  The outcomes of single‐agent regimens as second‐line chemotherapy for metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are poor. Pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin has been reportedly well‐tolerated and active in chemotherapy‐naïve NSCLC. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and toxicity of the regimen of pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin for pretreated advanced NSCLC.Patients and methods:  The clinical records of consecutive patients with metastatic NSCLC who received pemetrexed after failed first‐line chemotherapy were reviewed.Results:  The medical records of 79 eligible patients were examined. Thirty‐four of them were treated with a regimen of pemetrexed plus oxaliplatin (PEMOX). Another 45 patients were administered pemetrexed alone (PEM). Both regimens were well‐tolerated and there was no therapy‐related death. Comparable response rates (15.2% vs. 11.1%) and tumor control rates (63.6% vs. 47.5%) were observed between the two groups. Median time to progression and overall survival of the PEMOX and PEM groups were 18 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.72–22.28 weeks) versus 13 weeks (95%CI: 12.28–13.72 weeks; P= 0.002), and 31 weeks (95%CI: 15.56–46.44 weeks) versus 21 weeks (95%CI: 18.37–23.63 weeks; P= 0.006), respectively.Conclusions:  The current retrospective study suggests that pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin as second‐line treatment for advanced NSCLC has comparable safety and response with a pemetrexed alone regimen, but better survival.
Inhaled methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) sedation for third molar extraction: a comparison to nitrous oxide sedation
Authors: Abdullah WA , Sheta SA , Nooh NS 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of inhaled methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) in the reduction of dental anxiety in patients undergoing mandibular third molar removal in a specialist surgical suite and compare it to the conventional nitrous oxide sedation.Methods:  A prospective randomized, non‐blinded crossover design study of 20 patients receiving two types of sedation for their third molar extraction who participated in 40 treatment sessions. At first appointment, a patient was randomly assigned to receive either nitrous oxide sedation or intermittent Penthrox® inhaler sedation, with the alternate regimen administered during the second appointment. Peri‐procedural vital signs (heart rate and blood pressure) were recorded and any deviations from 20% from the baseline values, as well as any drop in oxygen saturation below 92% were documented. The Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) score was recorded every five minutes. Patient cooperation during the procedure, patients’ general opinion about the sedation technique, surgeon satisfaction and the occurrence of side effects were all recorded. After the second procedure, the patient was also asked if he or she had any preference of one sedation technique over the other.Results:  Levels of sedation were comparable in nitrous oxide and Penthrox® sedation sessions. However, at 15 minutes of sedation it was significantly lighter (p < 0.05) in Penthrox®. No patient in both regimens reached a RSS deeper than a score of 4. Parameters measured for assessment of sedation (patient cooperation, surgeon satisfaction and patient general opinion about sedation technique) were all similarly comparable for both nitrous oxide and Penthrox®. In both sedation sessions, the odour of the inhalational agent was accepted by the patients; half of the patients (10 patients) who received methoxyflurane thought its odour was pleasant. Patients preferred methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) inhalation over nitrous oxide sedation (Fisher’s Exact test, p < 0.05). Adverse events were minimal. No patient was either deeply sedated or agitated. Blood pressure was within ± 20% from the baseline values. No patient had oxygen saturation less than 92%. Dizziness was the most frequently encountered side effect in both regimens (four patients each). Two patients had bradycardia (HR < 60 beats/minute) when nitrous oxide was used in comparison to one patient with Penthrox® sedation. Paraesthesia of fingers and heaviness of the chest was encountered only with nitrous oxide sedation (four patients). Mild self‐limited shivering occurred in one patient with Penthrox® sedation.Conclusions:  The Penthrox® Inhaler can produce a comparable sedation to that of nitrous oxide for the surgical extraction of third molars under local anaesthesia.