bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autofluorescence-Guided Total Thyroidectomy in Low-Volume, Nonparathyroid Institutions
Authors: Abood Ali , Rolighed Lars , Triponez Frédéric , Vestergaard Peter , Bach Jacob , Ovesen Therese 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceHypoparathyroidism following thyroid surgery is a serious complication that occurs frequently when surgery is performed by low-volume thyroid surgeons without experience in parathyroid surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the occurrence of hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy after the introduction of autofluorescence in low-volume, nonparathyroid institutions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, multicenter cohort study, with a follow-up period of up to 1 year, was conducted in Denmark at 2 low-volume nonparathyroid institutions between January 2021 and November 2023. All adult patients referred for total thyroidectomy were assessed for eligibility (n = 90). Only patients with no history of thyroid surgery were considered (n = 89). Patients who only underwent lobectomy (n = 6) or declined to participate (n = 5) were excluded. All included patients completed follow-up. The prospective cohort was compared with a historical cohort of successive patients undergoing primary total thyroidectomy from 2016 to 2020 (before autofluorescence was available).InterventionIncluded patients underwent autofluorescence-guided total thyroidectomy.Main outcomes and MeasuresRate of hypoparathyroidism. Immediate hypoparathyroidism was defined as the need for active vitamin D postoperatively, whereas permanent hypoparathyroidism was considered when there still was a need for active vitamin D 1 year after surgery.ResultsSeventy-eight patients underwent autofluorescence-guided surgery (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [13.1] years; 67 [86%] female) and were compared with 89 patients in the historical cohort (mean [SD] age, 49.7 [12.8] years; 78 [88%] female). The rate of immediate hypoparathyroidism decreased from 37% (95% CI, 27%-48%) to 19% (95% CI, 11%-30%) after the introduction of autofluorescence (P = .02). Permanent hypoparathyroidism rates decreased from 32% (95% CI, 22%-42%) to 6% (95% CI, 2%-14%) (P &amp;lt; .001), reaching 0% at the end of the study. More parathyroid glands were identified with autofluorescence (75% [95% CI, 70%-80%] vs 61% [95% CI, 56%-66%]) (P &amp;lt; .001) and less parathyroid glands were inadvertently excised (4% [95% CI, 1%-11%] vs 21% [95% CI, 13%-31%]) (P = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of autofluorescence-guided thyroid surgery in low-volume, nonparathyroid institutions, the use of autofluorescence was associated with a significant decrease in both immediate and permanent hypoparathyroidism. When autofluorescence was used, hypoparathyroidism rates were comparable with those of high-volume surgeons who also perform parathyroid surgery.
Opioid Coprescription Through Risk Mitigation Guidance and Opioid Agonist Treatment Receipt
Authors: Min Jeong Eun , Guerra-Alejos Brenda Carolina , Yan Ruyu , Palis Heather , Barker Brittany , Urbanoski Karen , Pauly Bernie , Slaunwhite Amanda , Bach Paxton , Ranger Corey , Heaslip Ashley , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of British Columbia, Canada, released clinical guidance to support physicians and nurse practitioners in prescribing pharmaceutical alternatives to the toxic drug supply. These alternatives included opioids and other medications under the risk mitigation guidance (RMG), a limited form of prescribed safer supply, designed to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and harms associated with illicit drug use. Many clinicians chose to coprescribe opioid medications under RMG alongside opioid agonist treatment (OAT).ObjectiveTo examine whether prescription of hydromorphone tablets or sustained-release oral morphine (opioid RMG) and OAT coprescription compared with OAT alone is associated with subsequent OAT receipt.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted from March 27, 2020, to August 31, 2021, included individuals from 10 linked health administrative databases from British Columbia, Canada. Individuals who were receiving OAT at opioid RMG initiation and individuals who were receiving OAT and eligible but unexposed to opioid RMG were propensity score matched at opioid RMG initiation on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and February 2024.ExposureOpioid RMG receipt (≥4 days, 1-3 days, or 0 days of opioid RMG dispensed) in a given week.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe main outcome was OAT receipt, defined as at least 1 dispensed dose of OAT in the subsequent week. A marginal structural modeling approach was used to control for potential time-varying confounding.ResultsA total of 4636 individuals (2955 [64%] male; median age, 38 [31-47] years after matching) were receiving OAT at the time of first opioid RMG dispensation (2281 receiving ongoing OAT and 2352 initiating RMG and OAT concurrently). Opioid RMG receipt of 1 to 3 days in a given week increased the probability of OAT receipt by 27% in the subsequent week (adjusted risk ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.25-1.30), whereas receipt of opioid RMG for 4 days or more resulted in a 46% increase in the probability of OAT receipt in the subsequent week (adjusted risk ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.43-1.49) compared with those not receiving opioid RMG. The biological gradient was robust to different exposure classifications, and the association was stronger among those initiating opioid RMG and OAT concurrently.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study, which acknowledged the intermittent use of both medications, demonstrated that individuals who were coprescribed opioid RMG had higher adjusted probability of continued OAT receipt or reengagement compared with those not receiving opioid RMG.
Personalized Piezoresistive Anti‐Scar Orthosis with Precise Pressure Monitoring Function Based on Embedded 3D Printing
Authors: Wang Yilin , Zhou Xi , Zhong Jing , Zhan Jianan , Kong Yueying , Yin Junfeiyang , Gong Haihuan , Chen Qiwei , Li Shiyu , Zhao Hong , Wu Yaobin , Huang Wenhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHyperplastic scars, especially keloids, have posed a significant clinical challenge due to their high recurrence rate. Compression therapy, a cost‐effective treatment, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing scarring and preventing recurrence. However, the compression methods exhibit limitations in adapting to the complex contours and accurately adjusting the treatment pressure, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects. In this study, silicone is chosen as the substrate layer ink, while the conductive ink is developed by incorporating nano‐carbon black into the polymer composite. These are printed alternately within the supported gels to construct an integrated orthotic device with precise pressure control capabilities and complex structures. Results demonstrated the printed orthosis displayed excellent mechanical properties, durability and biocompatibility. It can successfully detect various stress changes with short response times. The utilization of finite element analysis aided in the design of personalized orthosis to achieve optimal pressure for scar treatment. Finally, orthosis‐mediated pressure treatment is performed on rat tail scar models. By monitoring resistance value, it can be inferred whether the treatment pressure applied by orthosis fell within an optimal range. Overall, personalized piezoresistive anti‐scar orthoses offer an accurate and effective treatment method for scar. This innovative approach presents a novel strategy in the realm of personalized scar management.
Amoeba‐Inspired Self‐Healing Electronic Slime for Adaptable, Durable Epidermal Wearable Electronics
Authors: Feng Yu , Wu Cong , Chen Meng , Sun Hui , Vellaisamy Arul Lenus Roy , Daoud Walid A. , Yu Xinge , Zhang Guanglie , Li Wen Jung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpidermal electronics has garnered significant research attention due to its promising applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces and intelligent healthcare sensing. However, their widespread use faces challenges due to complex manufacturing processes, high material costs, inadaptability to different skin surfaces, and inadequate reusability. Herein, inspired by the biological reshapability and environmental adaptability of amoeba, an ultra‐deformable (≈2600% strain), bioadhesive (adhesive strength ≈3 kPa), strong self‐healing (fastest recovery time ≈1s, maximum wound distance ≈5 mm), and electromechanical‐durable wearable electronic slime (E‐slime) is proposed, which can instantaneously form on‐skin electronics in situ to detect body motion and physiological signals. E‐slime demonstrates desired sensing performance with high sensitivity (gauge factor 2.95), wide sensing range (up to 400% strain), and low detection limit (≈1% strain), which can seamlessly adhere to the skin and can be easily reused multiple times (≈100 cycles usage). E‐slime also enables on‐the‐fly deployment of motion monitoring tasks at various body locations, showcasing its versatility and reliability for body motion recognition and personal health monitoring. This study holds potential for next‐generation green electronics, motion sensing devices, and wearable human‐machine interfaces, ultimately helping to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being.
Reversible Polarity Control in 2D MoTe2 Field‐Effect Transistors for Complementary Logic Gate Applications
Authors: Yu Byoung‐Soo , Kim Wonsik , Jang Jisu , Lee Je‐Jun , Hong Jung Pyo , Kwon Namhee , Kim Seunghwan , Ha Aelim , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Ahn Jae‐Pyoung , Jeong Kwangsik , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Wang Gunuk , Ahn Jongtae , Park Soohyung , Hwang Do Kyung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrecise control over polarity in field‐effect transistors (FETs) plays a pivotal role in the design and construction of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) logic circuits. In particular, achieving such precise polarity control in 2D semiconductors is crucial for the further development of advanced electronic applications beyond unit devices. This paper presents a systematic investigation on the reversible transition of carrier types in a 2D MoTe2 semiconductor under different annealing atmospheres. Photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that annealing processes in vacuum and in ambient air induce a modification in the density of states, resulting in alterations in p‐type or n‐type characteristics. These reversible changes are attributed to the physisorption and elimination of oxygen on the surface of MoTe2. Furthermore, it is found that the device geometry affects the polarity of the transistor. By strategically manipulating both the annealing conditions and the geometric configuration, the n‐ and p‐type unipolar characteristics of MoTe2 FETs are successfully modulated and ultimately demonstrating that the functionality of not only a complementary inverter with a high voltage gain of ≈20, but also more complex logic circuits of NAND and NOR gates.
Interlayer Interaction of Excitons and Magnons in Graphene/WS2/Néel‐Type Manganese Phosphorus Trichalcogenide Heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Shou‐Xin , Wang Jia‐Peng , Liu Yue , Han Hui , Li Hui , Zhang Jia , Zhen Liang , Li Yang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D materials, particularly 2D semiconductors, and layered antiferromagnetic (AFM) compounds, exhibit rich light‐matter coupling phenomena in low‐dimensional systems. In this work, the occurrence of interlayer exciton–magnon coupling (EMC) is observed in Néel‐type AFM of MnPX3 (X = S or Se) and monolayer (1L) WS2 heterostructures. The energy of neutral exciton in 1L WS2 can be tuned by the adjacent AFM order, resulting in an additional energy shift of 10–14 meV. Furthermore, by filtering the photoluminescence spectrum with graphene and conducting magnetic measurements, the correlation is elucidated between the interlayer EMC and AFM transition process. In MnPS3, this coupling behavior exhibits sensitivity to the changes of magnetic structures, manifesting with a correlated length ξ of 8.34 Å at temperatures higher than Néel temperature (TN). The decoupling process in WS2/MnPS3 heterostructure below 50 K is originated from a weak out‐of‐plane ferromagnetic order, confirming the presence of an XY‐type magnetic phase transition in MnPS3 at sub‐TN temperature. This study provides a fundamental understanding of EMC and its potential applications in the integration of optical and magnetic devices.
Venus Flytrap‐Inspired Data‐Center‐Free Fast‐Responsive Soft Robots Enabled by 2D Ni3(HITP)2 MOF and Graphite
Authors: Duan Shengshun , Wei Xiao , Weng Mingcen , Zhao Fangzhi , Chen Pinzhen , Hong Jianlong , Xiang Shengxin , Shi Qiongfeng , Sun Litao , Shen Guozhen , Wu Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid and responsive capabilities of soft robots in perceiving, assessing, and reacting to environmental stimuli are highly valuable. However, many existing soft robots, designed to mimic humans and other higher animals, often rely on data centers for the modulation of mechanoelectrical transduction and electromechanical actuation. This reliance significantly increases system complexity and time delays. Herein, drawing inspiration from Venus flytraps, a soft robot employing a power modulation strategy is presented for active stimulus reaction, eliminating the need for a data center. This robot achieves mechanoelectrical transduction through Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene)2 (Ni3(HITP)2) metal–organic framework (MOF) with an ultralow time delay (256 ns) and electromechanical actuation via graphite. The Joule heating effect in graphite is effectively modulated by Ni3(HITP)2 before and after the presence of pressure, thus enabling the stimulus reaction of soft robots. As demonstrated, three soft robots are created: low‐level edge tongue robots, Venus flytrap robots, and high‐level nerve‐center‐controlled dragonfly robots. This power modulation strategy inspires designs of edge soft robots and high‐level robots with a human‐like effective fusion of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes.
Acoustically Enhanced Triboelectric Stethoscope for Ultrasensitive Cardiac Sounds Sensing and Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Hui Xindan , Tang Lirong , Zhang Dewen , Yan Shanlin , Li Dongxiao , Chen Jie , Wu Fei , Wang Zhong Lin , Guo Hengyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectronic stethoscope used to detect cardiac sounds that contain essential clinical information is a primary tool for diagnosis of various cardiac disorders. However, the linear electromechanical constitutive relation makes conventional piezoelectric sensors rather ineffective to detect low‐intensity, low‐frequency heart acoustic signal without the assistance of complex filtering and amplification circuits. Herein, it is found that triboelectric sensor features superior advantages over piezoelectric one for microquantity sensing originated from the fast saturated constitutive characteristic. As a result, the triboelectric sensor shows ultrahigh sensitivity (1215 mV Pa−1) than the piezoelectric counterpart (21 mV Pa−1) in the sound pressure range of 50–80 dB under the same testing condition. By designing a trumpet‐shaped auscultatory cavity with a power function cross‐section to achieve acoustic energy converging and impedance matching, triboelectric stethoscope delivers 36 dB signal‐to‐noise ratio for human test (2.3 times of that for piezoelectric one). Further combining with machine learning, five cardiac states can be diagnosed at 97% accuracy. In general, the triboelectric sensor is distinctly unique in basic mechanism, provides a novel design concept for sensing micromechanical quantities, and presents significant potential for application in cardiac sounds sensing and disease diagnosis.
Fully Reprogrammable 2D Array of Multistate Molecular Switching Units
Authors: Bauer Anja , Birk Tobias , Paschke Fabian , Fuhrberg Andreas , Diegel Josefine , Becherer Ann‐Kathrin , Vogelsang Lars , Maier Markus , Schosser Werner M. , Pauly Fabian , Zilberberg Oded , Winter Rainer F. , Fonin Mikhail 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegration of molecular switching units into complex electronic circuits is considered to be the next step toward the realization of novel logic and memory devices. This paper reports on an ordered 2D network of neighboring ternary switching units represented by triazatruxene (TAT) molecules organized in a honeycomb lattice on a Ag(111) surface. Using low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, the bonding configurations of individual TAT molecules can be controlled, realizing up to 12 distinct states per molecule. The switching between those states shows a strong bias dependence ranging from tens of millivolts to volts. The low‐bias switching behavior is explored in active units consisting of two and more interacting TAT molecules that are purposefully defined (programmed) by high‐bias switching within the honeycomb lattice. Within such a unit the low‐bias switching can be triggered and accessed by single‐point measurements on a single TAT molecule, demonstrating up to 9 and 19 distinguishable states in a dyad and a tetrad of coupled molecules, respectively. High experimental control over the desired state, owing to bias‐dependent hierarchical switching and pronounced switching directionality, as well as full reversibility, make this system particularly appealing, paving the way to design complex molecule‐based memory systems.
Fluoro‐Ethylene‐Carbonate Plays a Double‐Edged Role on the Stability of Si Anode‐Based Rechargeable Batteries During Cycling and Calendar Aging
Authors: Quinn Joseph , Kim Ju‐Myung , Yi Ran , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Xiao Jie , Wang Chongmin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe energy storage density of Li‐ion batteries can be improved by replacing graphite anodes with high‐capacity Si‐based materials, though instabilities have limited their implementation. Performance degradation mechanisms that occur in Si anodes can be divided into cycling stability (capacity retention after repeated battery cycles) and calendar aging (shelf life). While cycling instabilities and improvement strategies have been researched intensively, there is little known about the underlying mechanisms that cause calendar aging. In this work, multiple electron microscope techniques are used to explore the mechanism that governs calendar aging from the sub‐nanometer‐to‐electrode scale. Plasma focused ion beam tomography is used to create 3D reconstructions of calendar aged electrodes and revealed the growth of a LiF‐rich layer at the interface between the copper current collector and the silicon material, which can lead to delamination and increased interfacial impendence. The LiF layer appeared to derive from the fluoro‐ethylene‐carbonate electrolyte additive, which is commonly used to improve cycling stability in Si‐based systems. The results reveal that additives necessary to improve cycling stability can cause performance degradation over the long‐term during calendar aging. The results show that high performing, stable systems require careful design to simultaneously mitigate both cycling and calendar aging instabilities.
Synthesis of 1,2′‐Spirobi[indene]‐1,3‐diones by Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation and Alkynes Annulation Reaction
Authors: Xu Xuefeng , Yu Lintao , Chang Mengfan , Wang Di , Shen Zhi , Zhang Xu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn intermolecular annulation reaction of 2‐aryl‐1,3‐indandions with alkynes was reported using Pd(OAc)2 to access spirobi[indene]‐1,3‐diones. Under palladium catalysis, the substrates form a homocoupling dimer intermediate through a catalytic dehydrogenative cross‐coupling process. The palladium(II) species could come from dimer or 2‐aryl‐1,3‐indandion. Notably, this pathway is not typically observed in enol‐directed formal sp3 C−H functionalization/oxidative annulation palladium chemistry. This transformation provides a route to access a class of functionalized spiro carbocyclic indenes.
Mg(OTf)2 as an Excellent Catalyst for the Reductive Depolymerization and Methanolysis of Polyesters and Polycarbonates
Authors: Alfaia Carlota M. , Fernandes Ana C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe use of alkaline earth‐abundant metal catalysts as alternatives to transition metal catalysts in the depolymerization of plastic waste is a very important research area. In this work, the first method is described for the conversion of polyesters into value‐added compounds catalyzed by a magnesium catalyst. It is demonstrated that the commercially available, inexpensive and air‐stable, alkaline earth magnesium catalyst Mg(OTf)2 efficiently promotes the reductive depolymerization of several polyesters using pinacolborane (HBpin) as the reducing agent with good to excellent yields. This catalyst also remains very active in at least 12 consecutive polycaprolactone (PCL) reductive depolymerization reactions with yields between 89% and 81%. This magnesium catalyst is also efficient in the reductive depolymerization of the polycarbonate poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC.BPA). Furthermore, it is found that Mg(OTf)2 also successfully catalyzes the methanolysis of polyesters and polycarbonates at moderate temperature with excellent yields.
A Nanocrystallite CuS/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Host Improves Redox Kinetics in All‐Solid‐State Li2S Batteries
Authors: Yu Yue , Singh Baltej , Yu Zhuo , Kwok Chun Yuen , Kochetkov Ivan , Nazar Linda F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state Li–S batteries are a promising energy storage system that can solve the shuttle effects of polysulfides in liquid Li–S batteries. However, sluggish solid‐state reaction kinetics and the low conductivity of cathode materials have impeded their development. Here, a N‐doped carbon embedded with CuS nanoparticles (CuSNC) is reported as a host for Li2S in all‐solid‐state batteries that addresses some of these issues. Electrochemical studies, supported by a combination of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron microscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that CuSNC provides good affinity to Li2S. This lowers the activation barrier for the conversion of Li2S to sulfur on the charge, suggesting an electrocatalytic effect on the CuS surface. Li+ diffusion in the cathode and the reaction kinetics are enhanced compared to N‐doped graphene. The CuSNC/Li2S cathode reaches an areal capacity of 1.8 mAh cm−2 and a retention rate of 94% after 100 cycles. At a 1.0 mA cm−2 current density, CuSNC/Li2S maintains stable performance over 500 cycles with a low decay rate (0.05% per cycle); at a higher Li2S loading, delivers a capacity of 9.6 mAh cm−2, albeit with more limited cycling. This study provides a promising way to design Li2S cathodes to achieve improved reaction kinetics and better electrochemical performance.