bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the position of the lingula and the mandibular foramen using the antilingula in orthognathic surgery
Authors: Vorakulpipat Chakorn , Arayapisit Tawepong , Topothai Pee , Bhunyanaphakul Vathanai , Tiptimaphan Keerati , Apilakkitakul Nattha , Chantadul Varunya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The antilingula located on the lateral surface of the mandibular ramus has been served as a surgical landmark for the mandibular foramen on the medial surface for decades. However, whether the antilingula truly represents the lingula which is the bony prominence overlapping the mandibular foramen, or the foramen itself, is still unclear. This study thus aimed to examine the position of the antilingula in relation to three reference points: the lingula, the anterior and the posterior borders of the mandibular foramen, as well as to the reference plane used in the inferior alveolar nerve block, and to the posterior border of the mandible.

Methods
This observational study was performed in 113 Thai dry mandibles. The antilingula were identified followed by transferring the reference points to the lateral surface. The distances from the antilingula to the reference points, the reference plane and the posterior border of the ramus were then measured. Chi-square test was calculated for side-dependency of the antilingula. Paired t-test was calculated for difference in measurements in left and right sides.

Results
The antilingula could be identified in 92.48% of the mandibles with 86.67 – 90.00% accuracy and 86.67% reliability. There was no significant difference in the presence of the antilingula on left and right sides (p = 0.801). Only 2.5% and 0.83% of the antilingula correspond to the lingula and the anterior border of the mandibular foramen, respectively. However, 85% of the reference points were located within 11 mm radius. The antilingula was found located 2.80 mm inferior to the reference plane and 16.84 mm from the posterior border of the ramus.

Conclusions
The antilingula does not concur with the reference points on the medial surface. Our study also suggests that the safe area for vertical osteotomy is 11 mm posterior to the antilingula or at 30% of the length from the posterior border parallel to the occlusal plane. The use of more accurate techniques in localizing the mandibular foramen combined with the antilingula is more recommended than using the antilingula as a sole surgical guide.
Cancer-related fatigue and activities of daily living: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Urbano Chamorro Iveth , de la Torre-Montero Julio C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer-related fatigue is a prevalent condition in all stages of oncologic disease that is poorly diagnosed, with a negative impact on physical function to perform activities of daily living. Fatigue is also one of the main manifestations in post-COVID-19 syndrome, and few studies have explored the functionality of cancer patients after infection by the new coronavirus. This study was designed to assess cancer-related fatigue symptoms and their implications on physical function and quality of life during the pandemic.MethodologyAn observational study with a cross-sectional survey in cancer patients ≥ 18 years of age was conducted. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F), the perception of asthenia and performance status were evaluated, and the differences between groups according to the history of COVID-19 were calculated.ResultsA total of 60 cancer patients had an average age of 33.5 ± 10.11 years, 73.3% were female, and 98.3% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status level < 2. Severe fatigue was found in 43.3% of patients, and the average FACIT-F score was 33.5 ± 10.11. The proportion of coronavirus infection was 13,3%, and the performance of this group was worse on the scale compared to the group without infection (25 ± 10,40 vs. 34,81 ± 9,50 [p = 0,009]). There was a significant correlation between visual analog scale values and FACIT-F scale scores (Pearson’sr= -0.76).ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection could increase cancer-related fatigue symptoms, limiting activities of daily living and impairing quality of life.
Gynecological health and uptake of gynecological care after domestic or sexual violence: a qualitative study in an emergency shelter
Authors: Iraola Elisabeth , Menard Jean-Pierre , Buresi Isabelle , Chariot Patrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Domestic and sexual violence have been linked to adverse gynecological and obstetric outcomes. Survivors often find it difficult to verbalize such violence due to feelings of shame and guilt. Vulnerable or socially excluded women are frequently excluded from research, particularly qualitative studies on violence. This study aimed to characterize the perceived impact of domestic or sexual violence on the gynecological health and follow-up among women with complex social situations.

Methods
We analyzed the data following inductive thematic analysis methods.

Results
Between April 2022 and January 2023, we conducted 25 semi-structured interviews, lasting on average 90 min (range: 45–180), with women aged between 19 and 52, recruited in an emergency shelter in the Paris area. The women described physical and psychological violence mainly in the domestic sphere, their altered gynecological and mental health and their perception of gynecological care. The levels of uptake of gynecological care were related to the characteristics of the violence and their consequences. The description of gynecological examination was close to the description of coerced marital sexuality which was not considered to be sexual violence. Gynecological examination, likely to trigger embarrassment and discomfort, was always perceived to be necessary and justified, and consent was implied.

Conclusion
This study can help question the appropriateness of professional practices related to the prevention of violence against women and gynecological examination practices. Any gynecological examination should be carried out within the framework of an equal relationship between caregiver and patient, for the general population and for women with a history of violence. It participates in preventing violence in the context of care, and more widely, in preventing violence against women.
From corners to community: exploring medical students’ sense of belonging through co-creation in clinical learning
Authors: Rae Valerie Isobel , Smith Samantha Eve , Hopkins Samantha Rae , Tallentire Victoria Ruth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBelonging is critical for the development and wellbeing of medical students. Belonging, particularly within a ‘relational being’ paradigm, presents a significant challenge for students, especially within clinical learning environments. Co-creation is a learning relationship in which students are actively involved in the education process. It is inherently relational and promotes belonging within higher education environments. Little is known about utilising co-creationinthe curriculum, within medical education. The aim of this study was to explore medical students’ experience of co-creation of learning resources within the clinical learning environment.MethodsFollowing ethical approval, medical students were invited to become co-creators of a learning bulletin resource, within the paediatric acute receiving unit, at a paediatric teaching hospital. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to enable an in-depth exploration of how medical students experienced co-creation within the clinical learning environment. Medical students participated in semi-structured interviews about their experience, which were transcribed verbatim and analysed using IPA. The analysis integrated individual lived experiences into an analytic summary.ResultsNine medical students participated. Three group experiential themes were identified: identity maturation; learning community and workplace integration. The support found within this co-created learning community, along with maturation of their identity, allowed the participants to experience a challenge to their existing worldview. This shift in perspective resulted in them responding and behaving in the workplace in new ways, which enabled them to belong as themselves in the clinical learning environment. These findings were situated within the developmental concept of self-authorship, as well as contributing to a new understanding of how co-creation promoted social integration.ConclusionsCo-creation enabled students to learn in a meaningful way. The relational power of co-creation, can be harnessed to deliver participatory learning experiences, within our increasingly complex healthcare environment, to support the learning, development and integration of doctors of the future.
Seroevidence of SARS-CoV-2 spillback to rodents in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Tan Cheng Siang , Adrus Madinah , Rahman Sultana Parvin Habeebur , Azman Haziq Izzuddin Muhamad , Abang Riz Anasthasia Alta 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 is believed to have originated from a spillover event, where the virus jumped from bats to humans, leading to an epidemic that quickly escalated into a pandemic by early 2020. Despite the implementation of various public health measures, such as lockdowns and widespread vaccination efforts, the virus continues to spread. This is primarily attributed to the rapid emergence of immune escape variants and the inadequacy of protection against reinfection. Spillback events were reported early in animals with frequent contact with humans, especially companion, captive, and farmed animals. Unfortunately, surveillance of spillback events is generally lacking in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by investigating the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies in wild rodents in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Results
We analysed 208 archived plasma from rodents collected between from 2018 to 2022 to detect neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a surrogate virus neutralisation test, and discovered two seropositive rodents (Sundamys muelleri and Rattus rattus), which were sampled in 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that Sundamys muelleri and Rattus rattus may be susceptible to natural SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, there is currently no evidence supporting sustainable rodent-to-rodent transmission.
Medicinal ethnoveterinary plants used for treating livestock ailments in the omo-gibe and rift valley basins of Ethiopia
Authors: Wendimu Abenezer , Bojago Elias , Abrham Yitbarek 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraditional medical practices have been used to maintain animal health for millennia and have been passed down orally from generation to generation. In Ethiopia also, plants are the primary means by which the indigenous people in remote areas treat the illnesses of their animals. The present study was therefore, carried out to document the type and distribution of medicinal plants of the county.MethodsTo collect ethnobotanical information, a total of 205 informants (133 men and 72 women) were selected. Among these 121 traditional medicine practitioners, while the remaining 84 were selected through a systematic random sampling method. Ethnobotanical data were collected between January 2023 and August 2023 through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, guided filed walks and focus group discussions. Using descriptive statistics, the ethnobotanical data were analyzed for the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity Level (FL) values, preference, and direct matrix rankings. SPSS 26.0 and PAST 4.11 software were used in data analysis.ResultsTotally, 78 ethnoveterinary medicinal plants distributed in 36 families were identified in the study area. Asteraceae was the dominant family with 9 species (14%), followed by Euphorbiaceae with 8 species (12%). Herbs 42(56%), wild collected 62 (66%), and leaf part (52%) made the highest share of the plant species.Hordeum vulgareL. had the highest fidelity level (FL = 98%) for treating bone fractures. Blackleg, bloat, and endoparsistes each had the highest values of the consensus factor among the informants (ICF = 1). According to preference ranking,Withania somniferawas the most potent remedy for treating blackleg. Knowledge of medicinal plants was shared through storytelling within families.ConclusionIn the study area, there is broad access to traditional medicinal plants that can treat ailments in animals. Conservation efforts should be prioritized to protect medicinal plants from threats such as agricultural expansion, drought, and development. Further research should be conducted to explore the potential of different medicinal plants for treating common livestock ailments.
Poor statistical power in population-based association study of gene interaction
Authors: Ma Jiarui , Li Jian , Chen Yuqi , Yang Zhen , He Yungang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Statistical epistasis, or “gene–gene interaction” in genetic association studies, means the nonadditive effects between the polymorphic sites on two different genes affecting the same phenotype. In the genetic association analysis of complex traits, nevertheless, the researchers haven’t found enough clues of statistical epistasis so far.

Methods
We developed a statistical model where the statistical epistasis was presented as an extra linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphic sites of different risk genes. The power of statistical test for identifying the gene–gene interaction was calculated and then compared in different hypothesis scenarios.

Results
Our results show the statistical power increases with the increasing of interaction coefficient, relative risk, and linkage disequilibrium with genetic markers. However, the power of interaction discovery is much lower than that of regular single-site association test. When rigorous criteria were employed in statistical tests, the identification of gene–gene interaction became a very difficult task. Since the criterion of significance was given to be p-value ≤ 5.0 × 10–8, the same as that of many genome-wide association studies, there is little chance to identify the gene–gene interaction in all kind of circumstances.

Conclusions
The lack of epistasis tends to be an inevitable result caused by the statistical principles of methods in the genetic association studies and therefore is the inherent characteristic of the research itself.
Melatonin improves influenza virus infection-induced acute exacerbation of COPD by suppressing macrophage M1 polarization and apoptosis
Authors: Xu Meng-Meng , Kang Jia-Ying , Wang Qiu-Yan , Zuo Xing , Tan Yuan-Yuan , Wei Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Da-Wei , Zhang Ling , Wu Hui-Mei , Fei Guang-He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza A viruses (IAV) are extremely common respiratory viruses for the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), in which IAV infection may further evoke abnormal macrophage polarization, amplify cytokine storms. Melatonin exerts potential effects of anti-inflammation and anti-IAV infection, while its effects on IAV infection-induced AECOPD are poorly understood.MethodsCOPD mice models were established through cigarette smoke exposure for consecutive 24 weeks, evaluated by the detection of lung function. AECOPD mice models were established through the intratracheal atomization of influenza A/H3N2 stocks in COPD mice, and were injected intraperitoneally with melatonin (Mel). Then, The polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) was assayed by flow cytometry of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. In vitro, the effects of melatonin on macrophage polarization were analyzed in IAV-infected Cigarette smoking extract (CSE)-stimulated Raw264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the roles of the melatonin receptors (MTs) in regulating macrophage polarization and apoptosis were determined using MTs antagonist luzindole.ResultsThe present results demonstrated that IAV/H3N2 infection deteriorated lung function (reduced FEV20,50/FVC), exacerbated lung damages in COPD mice with higher dual polarization of AMs. Melatonin therapy improved airflow limitation and lung damages of AECOPD mice by decreasing IAV nucleoprotein (IAV-NP) protein levels and the M1 polarization of pulmonary macrophages. Furthermore, in CSE-stimulated Raw264.7 cells, IAV infection further promoted the dual polarization of macrophages accompanied with decreased MT1 expression. Melatonin decreased STAT1 phosphorylation, the levels of M1 markers and IAV-NP via MTs reflected by the addition of luzindole. Recombinant IL-1β attenuated the inhibitory effects of melatonin on IAV infection and STAT1-driven M1 polarization, while its converting enzyme inhibitor VX765 potentiated the inhibitory effects of melatonin on them. Moreover, melatonin inhibited IAV infection-induced apoptosis by suppressing IL-1β/STAT1 signaling via MTs.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that melatonin inhibited IAV infection, improved lung function and lung damages of AECOPD via suppressing IL-1β/STAT1-driven macrophage M1 polarization and apoptosis in a MTs-dependent manner. Melatonin may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for influenza virus infection-induced AECOPD.Graphical AbstractSchematic mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of melatonin on macrophage polarization and apoptosis in IAV infection plus cigarette stimulation-induced AECOPD model.
Ketone body levels and its associations with cardiac markers following an acute myocardial infarction: a post hoc analysis of the EMMY trial
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Tripolt Norbert J. , Pferschy Peter N. , Scharnagl Hubert , Abdellatif Mahmoud , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Benedikt Martin , Kolesnik Ewald , von Lewinski Dirk , Sourij Harald 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been suggested to exert cardioprotective effects in patients with heart failure, possibly by improving the metabolism of ketone bodies in the myocardium.

Methods
This post hoc analysis of the EMMY trial investigated the changes in serum β-hydroxybutyrate (3-βOHB) levels after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in response to 26-week of Empagliflozin therapy compared to the usual post-MI treatment. In addition, the association of baseline and repeated measurements of 3-βOHB with cardiac parameters and the interaction effects of Empagliflozin were investigated. Cardiac parameters included N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular filling pressure (E/é ratio).

Results
The mean 3-βOHB levels increased from baseline (46.2 ± 3.0 vs. 51.7 ± 2.7) to 6 weeks (48.8 ± 2.2 vs. 42.0 ± 2.3) and 26 weeks (49.3 ± 2.2 vs. 35.8 ± 1.9) in the Empagliflozin group compared to a consistent decline in placebo over 26 weeks (pinteraction < 0.001). Baseline and longitudinal measurements of 3-βOHB were not significantly associated with NT-proBNP and E/é ratio. Baseline 3-βOHB value was negatively associated with LVEF (coefficient: − 0.464, 95%CI − 0.863;− 0.065, p = 0.023), while an increase in its levels over time was positively associated with LVEF (0.595, 0.156;1.035, 0.008). The baseline 3-βOHB was positively associated with LVESV (1.409, 0.186;2.632, 0.024) and LVEDV (0.640, − 1.170;− 2.449, 0.488), while an increase in its levels over time was negatively associated with these cardiac parameters (LVESV: − 2.099, − 3.443;− 0.755, 0.002; LVEDV: − 2.406, − 4.341;− 0.472, 0.015). Empagliflozin therapy appears to modify the association between 3-βOHB, LVEF (pinteraction = 0.090), LVESV (pinteraction = 0.134), and LVEDV (pinteraction = 0.168), particularly at 26 weeks; however, the results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
This post hoc analysis showed that SGLT2i increased 3-βOHB levels after AMI compared to placebo. Higher baseline 3-βOHB levels were inversely associated with cardiac function at follow-up, whereas a sustained increase in 3-βOHB levels over time improved these markers. This highlights the importance of investigating ketone body metabolism in different post-MI phases. Although more pronounced effect of 3-βOHB on cardiac markers was observed in the SGLT2i group, further research is required to explore this interaction effect.
Antitumor mechanisms and future clinical applications of the natural product triptolide
Authors: Bao Shiwei , Yi Mei , Xiang Bo , Chen Pan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTriptolide (TPL) is a compound sourced from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb recognized for its impressive anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, immunosuppressive, and antitumor qualities. Notwithstanding its favorable attributes, the precise mechanism through which TPL influences tumor cells remains enigmatic. Its toxicity and limited water solubility significantly impede the clinical application of TPL. We offer a comprehensive overview of recent research endeavors aimed at unraveling the antitumor mechanism of TPL in this review. Additionally, we briefly discuss current strategies to effectively manage the challenges associated with TPL in future clinical applications. By compiling this information, we aim to enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in TPL and identify potential avenues for further advancement in antitumor therapy.
R-loop and diseases: the cell cycle matters
Authors: Xu Yuqin , Jiao Yue , Liu Chengbin , Miao Rui , Liu Chunyan , Wang Yilong , Ma Chunming , Liu Jiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cell cycle is a crucial biological process that is involved in cell growth, development, and reproduction. It can be divided into G1, S, G2, and M phases, and each period is closely regulated to ensure the production of two similar daughter cells with the same genetic material. However, many obstacles influence the cell cycle, including the R-loop that is formed throughout this process. R-loop is a triple-stranded structure, composed of an RNA: DNA hybrid and a single DNA strand, which is ubiquitous in organisms from bacteria to mammals. The existence of the R-loop has important significance for the regulation of various physiological processes. However, aberrant accumulation of R-loop due to its limited resolving ability will be detrimental for cells. For example, DNA damage and genomic instability, caused by the R-loop, can activate checkpoints in the cell cycle, which in turn induce cell cycle arrest and cell death. At present, a growing number of factors have been proven to prevent or eliminate the accumulation of R-loop thereby avoiding DNA damage and mutations. Therefore, we need to gain detailed insight into the R-loop resolution factors at different stages of the cell cycle. In this review, we review the current knowledge of factors that play a role in resolving the R-loop at different stages of the cell cycle, as well as how mutations of these factors lead to the onset and progression of diseases.