bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty of Tropical Cyclone Best-Track Information
Authors: Torn Ryan D. , Snyder Chris 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
With the growing use of tropical cyclone (TC) best-track information for weather and climate applications, it is important to understand the uncertainties that are contained in the TC position and intensity information. Here, an attempt is made to quantify the position uncertainty using National Hurricane Center (NHC) advisory information, as well as intensity uncertainty during times without aircraft data, by verifying Dvorak minimum sea level pressure (SLP) and maximum wind speed estimates during times with aircraft reconnaissance information during 2000–09. In a climatological sense, TC position uncertainty decreases for more intense TCs, while the uncertainty of intensity, measured by minimum SLP or maximum wind speed, increases with intensity. The standard deviation of satellite-based TC intensity estimates can be used as a predictor of the consensus intensity error when that consensus includes both Dvorak and microwave-based estimates, but not when it contains only Dvorak-based values. Whereas there has been a steady decrease in seasonal TC position uncertainty over the past 10 yr, which is likely due to additional data available to NHC forecasters, the seasonal TC minimum SLP and maximum wind speed values are fairly constant, with year-to-year variability due to the mean intensity of all TCs during that season and the frequency of aircraft reconnaissance.
Impacts of Model Resolutions and Initial Conditions on Predictions of the Asian Summer Monsoon by the NCEP Climate Forecast System
Authors: Wen Min , Yang Song , Vintzileos Augustin , Higgins Wayne , Zhang Renhe 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A series of 60-day hindcasts by the Climate Forecast System (CFS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is analyzed to understand the impacts of atmospheric model resolutions and initial conditions on predictions of the Asian summer monsoon. The experiments, for the time period 2002–06 and with 14 ensemble members, are conducted at resolutions of T62, T126, and T254. They are initialized every 5 days from May to August, using the operational global atmospheric data assimilation system and operational global ocean data assimilation. It is found that, in predicting the magnitude and the timing of monsoon rainfall over lands, high model resolutions overall perform better than lower model resolutions. The increase in prediction skills with model resolution is more apparent over South Asia than over Southeast Asia. The largest improvement is seen over the Tibetan Plateau, at least for precipitation. However, the increase in model resolution does not enhance the skill of the predictions over oceans. Overall, model resolution has larger impacts than do the initial conditions on predicting the development of the Asian summer monsoon in the early season. However, higher model resolutions such as T382 may be needed for the CFS to simulate and predict many features of the monsoon more realistically.
Investigation of the techniques decreasing the seam slippage in chenille fabrics (Part I)
Authors: Pasayev Nazim , Korkmaz Mahmut , Baspinar Dilek 
Published: March 2012

Seam slippage, which occurs frequently in furniture upholstery fabrics on the parallel sewing line, even though it is undesirable, results in partial or full distortion of fabric appearance. The purpose of this study is to reduce the seam slippage in upholstery chenille fabrics, which are widely used in furniture production. This is the preliminary study, in which the effects of sewing direction and the number of interlaced chenille yarns over warp yarns on seam slippage were investigated for the first time. Aside from the effects of fiber content, sewing stitch step, weft densities of fabrics, sewing direction according to the weft and warp and the number of interlaced chenille yarns over warp yarns on seam slippage were studied with the use of multifactor experiment. On the basis of these experiments, effects and impact factors of the aforementioned parameters on seam slippage were shown with the use of mathematical models.
Quantitative evaluation of air gap thickness and contact area between body and garment
Authors: Psikuta Agnes , Frackiewicz-Kaczmarek Joanna , Frydrych Iwona , Rossi René 
Published: March 2012

The thermal, evaporative and wicking properties of clothing depend not only on the properties of the fabric but also on the thickness of air layers and the magnitude of the contact area and their variation. The aim of this study was to accurately determine the contact area and the air gap thickness between clothing and the human body in detail. These parameters were measured for a range of typical patterns of garments (tight- and loose fitting) covering either the upper or lower body and made of various types of fabrics (knitted and woven). The method consisted of imposing three-dimensional scans of the nude and dressed manikin and determining the distance between their surfaces by advanced three-dimensional scan post-processing. Due to this method the distribution of the air gap thickness and the contact area over body parts was obtained and this knowledge can be applied in models of heat and mass transfer in the clothing.
The hand of textiles – definitions, achievements, perspectives – a review
Authors: Ciesielska-Wróbel Izabela Luiza , Van Langenhove Lieva 
Published: March 2012

The aims of this wide-range review concerning the hand of textiles are to present: (1) the diversity of definitions and the complexity of analysis of the hand of textiles; (2) the authors’ own definition of the hand of textiles and division of techniques of its analysis. The review presents objective techniques, subjective techniques along with their physiological background, and a combination of techniques as well as a new biomechanical approach called modelling of skin. The structure of the paper is as follows: • definitions of the hand of textiles, including the authors’ definition; • objective techniques of hand measurement; • physiological approach; • subjective techniques of hand measurement; • combination of objective and subjective techniques; • modelling techniques and the biomechanics approach for measurement of the hand of textiles; • division of hand measurement techniques according to the authors. This paper gives a review of the international literature from 1930 to 2010 concerning the hand of textiles and other related subjects like skin physiology, perception though the skin, and biomechanical aspects of the skin. Due to obvious limitations the authors have chosen only those papers which seemed to have the strongest relation to the presented topic and which are at the same time the most interesting studies in the authors’ opinion.
In-plane shear properties of polyester satin fabric by yarn pull-out method
Authors: Bilisik Kadir 
Published: March 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the in-plane shear properties of polyester satin fabric by the pull-out method and analytical relations were developed to calculate the shearing properties. After the yarn in the fabric was pulled from the top ravel region, before the start of the crimp extension stage, it was found that fabric shear strength and rigidity increased when the number of pulled ends increased. In addition, when the fabric dimensions increased, fabric shear strength and rigidity increased. Also, the shear rigidity values in untreated fabric were high compared to that of treated fabric due to the effect of softening agent on the fabric structure. It was observed that fabric sample dimensions and the number of pull-out ends as well as the fabric treatments influenced fabric shear strength and rigidity. The shear jamming angles were found to be based on the number of pulled ends. Fabric local shearing properties could be identified by pulling the yarn ends in various regions of the fabric. This could be important for the handling of the fabric during formation. The results generated from this study showed that polyester fabric shear could be measured by the yarn pull-out test.
Compliance and Efficacy of Titratable Thermoplastic versus Custom Mandibular Advancement Devices
Authors: Friedman Michael , Hamilton Craig , Samuelson Christian G. , Kelley Kanwar , Pearson‐Chauhan Kristine , Taylor David , Taylor Renwick , Maley Alexander , Hirsch Martin A. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo share our experiences treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with titratable thermoplastic (TPD) and custom‐made mandibular advancement devices (MAD) and to compare these devices in terms of objective improvement and cure and treatment success (improvement/cure plus adherence at 6 months).Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsPatients with OSAHS who failed or refused both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surgery had a titratable oral appliance fitted. Patients were offered an office‐fitted TPD or a custom‐made dentist‐fitted device. Assessment included pretreatment and appliance‐titration polysomnography (PSG). Improvement was defined as ≥50% apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) reduction plus posttreatment AHI <20, and cure was defined as AHI <5. Patients were contacted at 1 and 6 months regarding treatment adherence.ResultsA total of 180 patients (123 TPD, 57 custom) with complete PSG data were reviewed. Improvement/cure were significantly better with the custom device overall (91.2%/71.9% vs 77.2%/52.0%, P =. 024/.012). Adherence data at 1 and 6 months were obtained from 128/180 and 119/180 patients, respectively. Using an intention‐to‐treat analysis, those lost to follow‐up were considered nonadherent. Adherence at 1/6 months was 64.9%/50.9% for custom versus 53.7%/32.5% for TPD (P =. 156/.018), yielding treatment success rates (with initial improvement/cure) of 49.1%/40.4% for custom versus 27.6%/17.1% for TPD (P =. 005/<.001) at 6 months.ConclusionCustom‐fit devices achieve higher rates of objective improvement and cure of OSAHS than TPD at the time of titration‐PSG. TPDs have a high acceptance rate, low cost, and reasonable initial improvement and cure rates of 77.2% and 52.0%, respectively, but significantly poorer 6‐month compliance.
Modulation of Inflammatory and Profibrotic Signaling in a Rabbit Model of Acute Phonotrauma Using Triamcinolone
Authors: Hall Joseph E. , Suehiro Atsushi , Branski Ryan C. , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the hypothesis that prophylactic triamcinolone modulates acute vocal fold inflammatory and profibrotic signaling during acute phonotrauma.Study DesignIn vivo rabbit phonation model.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsForty New Zealand white breeder rabbits were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control (no intervention), no treatment (30 minutes of raised intensity phonation), sham treatment (bilateral intralaryngeal triamcinolone acetonide injection at 0 µg/25 µL followed by 30 minutes of raised intensity phonation), or steroid treatment (bilateral intralaryngeal triamcinolone acetonide injection at 400 µg/25 µL followed by 30 minutes of raised intensity phonation). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to investigate gene expression levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), interleukin (IL)–1β, and transforming growth factor (TGF)–β1.ResultsResults revealed a significant main effect for COX‐2 (P =. 002). Post hoc testing revealed that rabbits receiving no treatment (15.10) had higher COX‐2 gene expression than control (5.90; P <. 001). There were no significant differences in COX‐2 expression between treatment groups. Results revealed a significant main effect for IL‐1β (P <. 001). Post hoc testing revealed that rabbits receiving no treatment (14.70) had higher IL‐1β gene expression than control (6.30) (P =. 001). There were no significant differences in IL‐1β gene expression between treatment groups. There were no significant differences in TGF‐β1 gene expression (P =. 525) between treatment and control groups.ConclusionGiven conflicting evidence, further studies are necessary to investigate vocal fold steroid injections prior to and following the induction of phonotrauma. Prophylactic administration of triamcinolone immediately prior to acute phonotrauma resulted in no significant changes in COX‐2, IL‐1β, and TGF‐β1 gene transcript levels.
A fleet-prediction oriented catalyst model for highly transient driving in cold and hot mode conditions
Authors: Weilenmann Martin , Tsinoglou Dimitrios N 
Published: March 2012

Various models for simulating catalytic converters are given in the literature. They deal with a wide range of different aspects. In addition to the type of catalytic converter (three-way catalytic converter, diesel oxidation catalytic converter, etc.), the aspect of complexity versus accuracy and speed can be tackled using different approaches. Moreover, the desired use has an influence on the model structure: optimization of catalyst design or prediction of emissions from real-world traffic situations or optimization of air–fuel ratio control? The model described here has been developed to predict emissions in arbitrary real-world driving patterns, both for hot driving as well as for cold-start situations. As these tests mainly last over 30 minutes (real time), the calculation effort should be small. The model should be easy to parameterize, as it should be applicable to vehicles from traffic. A model with a reduced set of chemical reactions has been developed with a particular focus on the thermal balance for cold-start cycles. Its outputs are the pollutant emissions at the tailpipe if the emissions, exhaust mass flow and temperature from the engine are given. It is applied to three-way catalytic converters. It models the chemical phenomena almost entirely based on oxygen storage and release reactions, which dominate highly transient situations. The model has been validated against a large database of measured driving cycles, carried out using different types of cars. It presents an acceptable degree of correlation between simulated and experimental results.
An investigation into the hydrodynamic analysis of vessels with a zero or forward speed
Authors: Du Shuang Xing , Hudson Dominic A , Price W Geraint , Temarel Pandeli 
Published: March 2012

The occurrence of irregular frequencies is known to affect the prediction of hydrodynamic coefficients, whether a rigid body or hydroelasticity analysis is used. For conventional ship-like structures, these irregular frequencies lie outside the range of practical interest for rigid body motions. On the other hand, for a large ship-like offshore structure, such as a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading unit (FPSO), the irregular frequencies are in the range of practical interest. Furthermore, they can create difficulties for the analysis of vessels treated as flexible bodies and of multi-hulled vessels. In these cases, distinguishing between genuine physical effects (e.g. wave interaction between hulls) and that of irregular frequencies is important. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, elimination of irregular frequencies for the zero-forward-speed case and, second, improvement in predictions for the forward-speed case through a more accurate evaluation of the waterline integral term. Although the investigations are illustrated for rigid hulls, namely a rectangular box and a Series 60 hull, the methodology and its effects are equally valid for flexible hulls. For the zero-forward-speed case an extended boundary integral method (the lid method) is used, with the imaginary interior free surface placed approximately 0.1% below the mean free surface. It is confirmed that the lid boundary approach is an efficient and robust method for treating irregular frequencies for stationary rigid floating bodies experiencing low-frequency oscillations. For the forward-speed case a treatment of waterline integral terms is introduced, with reference to sources lying on the free surface. The applications highlight the importance of waterline integral terms which are shown to introduce oscillatory behaviour in the predicted hydrodynamic data. It is also shown that, for the forward-speed case, irregular frequencies do not occur; however, as the forward speed tends to smaller values, the hydrodynamic data exhibit oscillations which depend on the treatment of the waterline integral terms and the use of the direct potential or source distribution method. These methods are also suitable for hydroelasticity analysis with a forward speed.
Clinical trial designs for testing biomarker-based personalized therapies
Authors: Lai Tze Leung , Lavori Philip W , Shih Mei-Chiung I , Sikic Branimir I 
Published: March 2012

Background Advances in molecular therapeutics in the past decade have opened up new possibilities for treating cancer patients with personalized therapies, using biomarkers to determine which treatments are most likely to benefit them, but there are difficulties and unresolved issues in the development and validation of biomarker-based personalized therapies. We develop a new clinical trial design to address some of these issues. The goal is to capture the strengths of the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to address this problem in the recent literature and to circumvent their limitations. Methods We use generalized likelihood ratio tests of the intersection null and enriched strategy null hypotheses to derive a novel clinical trial design for the problem of advancing promising biomarker-guided strategies toward eventual validation. We also investigate the usefulness of adaptive randomization (AR) and futility stopping proposed in the recent literature. Results Simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of testing both the narrowly focused enriched strategy null hypothesis related to validating a proposed strategy and the intersection null hypothesis that can accommodate to a potentially successful strategy. AR and early termination of ineffective treatments offer increased probability of receiving the preferred treatment and better response rates for patients in the trial, at the expense of more complicated inference under small-to-moderate total sample sizes and some reduction in power. Limitations The binary response used in the development phase may not be a reliable indicator of treatment benefit on long-term clinical outcomes. In the proposed design, the biomarker-guided strategy (BGS) is not compared to ‘standard of care’, such as physician’s choice that may be informed by patient characteristics. Therefore, a positive result does not imply superiority of the BGS to ‘standard of care’. The proposed design and tests are valid asymptotically. Simulations are used to examine small-to-moderate sample properties. Conclusion Innovative clinical trial designs are needed to address the difficulties and issues in the development and validation of biomarker-based personalized therapies. The article shows the advantages of using likelihood inference and interim analysis to meet the challenges in the sample size needed and in the constantly evolving biomarker landscape and genomic and proteomic technologies.
Neonatal lymph node stromal cells drive myelodendritic lineage cells into a distinct population of CX3CR1+CD11b+F4/80+ regulatory macrophages in mice
Authors: Zhang Xiangyue , Yu Songfeng , Hoffmann Katharina , Yu Kai , Förster Reinhold 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Beyond providing a scaffold for immune cells, recent studies indicate that lymph node stromal cells provide potent regulatory capacities that affect the quality of adaptive immune responses. In this study, we provide evidence that neonatal lymph node stromal cells (nnLNSCs) consistently promote the differentiation of macrophage dendritic cell progenitors as well as mature and immature dendritic cells into a distinct population of CX3CR1+ CD11b+F4/80+ regulatory macrophages (regMΦ). These cells possess remarkably low levels of T cell costimulatory molecules as well as MHC class II molecules. regMΦ do not interfere with early T-cell activation but, via nitric oxide secretion, efficiently suppress T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells proliferating in the presence of regMΦ gain immunosuppressive capacity and MΦ isolated from day 3 nnLNs are T-cell immunosuppressive. Adoptive transfer of antigen-loaded regMΦ induce a profound antigen-specific immune suppression in vivo. Together our data show that nnLNSCs skew the differentiation of dendritic cells and their progenitors toward regMΦ, thus revealing a novel mechanism for local immune regulation.
Human NK cells at early stages of differentiation produce CXCL8 and express CD161 molecule that functions as an activating receptor
Authors: Montaldo Elisa , Vitale Chiara , Cottalasso Francesca , Conte Romana , Glatzer Timor , Ambrosini Paolo , Moretta Lorenzo , Mingari Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHuman natural killer (NK) cell development is a step-by-step process characterized by phenotypically identified stages. CD161 is a marker informative of the NK cell lineage commitment, whereas CD56, CD117, and CD94/NKG2A contribute to define discrete differentiation stages. In cells undergoing in vitro differentiation from CD34+ umbilical cord blood (UCB) progenitors, LFA-1 expression allowed to discriminate between immature noncytolytic CD161+CD56+LFA-1− and more differentiated cytolytic CD161+CD56+LFA-1+ NK cells. CD161+CD56+LFA-1− NK cells produce large amounts of CXCL8 after phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or cytokine treatment. Remarkably, CXCL8 mRNA expression was also detected in fresh stage III immature NK cells isolated from tonsils and these cells expressed CXCL8 protein on PMA stimulation. Within in vitro UCB-derived CD161+CD56+LFA-1− NK cells, CXCL8 release was also induced on antibody-mediated cross-linking of NKp44 and CD161. Such unexpected activating function of CD161 was confined to the CD161+CD56+LFA-1− subset, because it did not induce cytokine release or CD107a expression in CD161+CD56+LFA-1+ cells or in mature peripheral blood NK cells. Anti-CXCL8 neutralizing antibody induced a partial inhibition of NK cell differentiation, which suggests a regulatory role of CXCL8 during early NK cell differentiation. Altogether, these data provide novel information that may offer clues to optimize NK cell maturation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.