bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of 15‐F2t‐isoprostane in human plasma and urine: results from enzyme‐linked immunoassay and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry cannot be compared
Authors: Klawitter Jelena , Haschke Manuel , Shokati Touraj , Klawitter Jost , Christians Uwe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractQuantification of F2‐isoprostanes is considered a reliable index of the oxidative stress status in vivo. Several immunoassays and chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based assays are available for 15‐F2t‐isoprostane quantification. However, it remains unclear if results of immunoassays using different assays can be compared with those of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assays. Previous studies comparing enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and more specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assays have already indicated that ELISAs may overestimate 15‐F2t‐isoprostane concentrations in human plasma.Concentrations of 15‐F2t‐isoprostane in 25 human plasma and urine samples were measured by three commercially available ELISA assays (Assay Designs, Cayman Chemical and Oxford Biomedical Research) and compared with the concentrations measured with a validated, semi‐automated high‐throughput HPLC tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC/LC‐MS/MS).All three ELISAs measured substantially higher 15‐F2t‐isoprostane concentrations (2.1–182.2‐fold higher in plasma; 0.4–61.9‐fold higher in urine) than LC/LC‐MS/MS. Utilization of solid‐phase extraction (SPE) columns, especially isoprostane affinity purification columns, brought ELISA isoprostane urine concentrations closer to the LC/LC‐MS/MS results. However, SPE did not have much of an effect on ELISA plasma concentrations which remained significantly higher than corresponding LC/LC‐MS/MS results. A poor correlation not only between LC/LC‐MS/MS and immunoassay results, but also among the immunoassays was found.Especially in plasma, ELISAs grossly overestimate 15‐F2t‐isoprostane concentrations and are not comparable with each other or with LC/LC‐MS/MS. It is most disturbing that a sample with relatively high concentrations measured with one ELISA may show low concentrations with another ELISA, and vice versa, potentially affecting the conclusions drawn from such data. The use of specific mass spectrometry‐based assays seems advisable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective analysis of rotundone at below‐threshold levels in red and white wines using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Mattivi F. , Caputi L. , Carlin S. , Lanza T. , Minozzi M. , Nanni D. , Valenti L. , Vrhovsek U. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRotundone is an oxygenated sesquiterpene belonging to the family of guaianes, giving the ‘peppery’ aroma to white and black pepper and to red wines. Here we describe a novel, convenient protocol for the synthesis of rotundone, starting from a commercially available compound and requiring only two reaction steps, and an improved, faster method of GC separation (30 min) with selective quantisation of rotundone using tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with d5‐rotundone as internal standard. With limits of detection (LODs) of 1.5 ng/L in white wine and 2.0 ng/L in red wine, intraday repeatability CV values of 6% and 5% at 50 ng/L and 500 ng/L and interday repeatability CV values of 13% and 6% at 50 ng/L and 500 ng/L, respectively, the improved protocol provides the desired sensitivity and selectivity for routine analysis of rotundone in both white and red wines. Initial application of this method highlighted the presence of unexpectedly high concentrations of rotundone, thus explaining the origin of the distinctive peppery aroma in Schioppettino and Vespolina red wines and in Gruener Veltliner white wines. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and structural elucidation of new caprazamycins from Streptomyces sp. MK730–62F2 by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Siebenberg Stefanie , Kaysser Leonard , Wemakor Emmanuel , Heide Lutz , Gust Bertolt , Kammerer Bernd 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe development of reliable analytic methods, capable of separating mixtures of secondary metabolites as well as providing structural information, is essential for the investigation of secondary metabolites, e.g. from Streptomyces. Here we report a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) method using a triple quadrupole mass analyzer for the structural elucidation of caprazamycins and liposidomycins from culture extracts of the wild‐type producer strains. Comparison of the fragmentation patterns in positive as well as in negative ionization mode revealed several characteristic product ions used for identification of six new caprazamycins. Furthermore, a chromatographic method for the purification of nucleosides from cell cultures using a boronic acid gel was adapted for the partial purification of the culture extracts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information in the sample covariate distribution in prevalent cohorts
Authors: Cook Richard J. , Bergeron Pierre‐Jérôme 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMethods of estimation and inference about survival distributions based on length‐biased samples are well‐established. Comparatively little attention has been given to the assessment of covariate effects in the context of length‐biased samples, but prevalent cohort studies often have this objective. We show that, like the survival distribution, the covariate distribution from a prevalent cohort study is length‐biased, and that this distribution may contain parametric information about covariate effects on the survival time. As a result, a likelihood based on the joint distribution of the survival time and the covariates yields estimates of covariate effects which are at least as efficient as estimates arising from a traditional likelihood which conditions on covariate values in the length‐biased sample. We also investigate the empirical bias of estimators arising from a joint likelihood when the population covariate distribution is misspecified. The asymptotic relative efficiencies and empirical biases under model misspecification are assessed for both proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models. The various methods considered are applied in an illustrative analysis of risk factors for death following onset of dementia using data collected in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorph‐ and Size‐Dependent Uptake and Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Living Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Andersson Per Ola , Lejon Christian , Ekstrand‐Hammarström Barbro , Akfur Christine , Ahlinder Linnéa , Bucht Anders , Österlund Lars 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe cellular uptake and distribution of five types of well‐characterized anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in A549 lung epithelial cells is reported. Static light scattering (SLS), in‐vitro Raman microspectroscopy (μ‐Raman) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) reveal an intimate correlation between the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the NPs, particle agglomeration, and cellular NP uptake. It is shown that μ‐Raman facilitates chemical‐, polymorph‐, and size‐specific discrimination of endosomal‐particle cell uptake and the retention of particles in the vicinity of organelles, including the cell nucleus, which quantitatively correlates with TEM and SLS data. Depth‐profiling μ‐Raman coupled with hyperspectral data analysis confirms the location of the NPs in the cells and shows that the NPs induce modifications of the biological matrix. NP uptake is found to be kinetically activated and strongly dependent on the hard agglomeration size—not the primary particle size—which quantitatively agrees with the measured intracellular oxidative stress. Pro‐inflammatory responses are also found to be sensitive to primary particle size.
Developing UPPAAL over 15 years
Authors: Behrmann Gerd , David Alexandre , Larsen Kim Guldstrand , Pettersson Paul , Yi Wang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUPPAAL is a tool suitable for model checking real‐time systems described as networks of timed automata communicating by channel synchronizations and extended with integer variables. Its first version was released in 1995 and its development is still very active. It now features an advanced modeling language, a user‐friendly graphical interface, and a performant model checker engine. In addition, several flavors of the tool have matured in recent years. In this paper, we present how we managed to maintain the tool during 15 years, its current architecture with its challenges, and we give the future directions of the tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Camille, a text editor for Rodin
Authors: Bendisposto Jens , Fritz Fabian , Jastram Michael , Leuschel Michael , Weigelt Ingo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInitially, the Rodin platform for Event‐B did away with a textual representation for models. In this paper, we explain why a textual representation was required after all and we present the semantic‐aware text editor Camille for Rodin. We explain the design choices of Camille, such as splitting the syntax into two‐levels for machine and formula syntax. We also describe the challenges, such as synchronizing the textual representation with the Rodin database, and how they were overcome using an EMF abstraction layer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model‐driven process for engineering a toolset for a formal method
Authors: Arcaini Paolo , Gargantini Angelo , Riccobene Elvinia , Scandurra Patrizia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a model‐driven software process suitable to develop a set of integrated tools around a formal method. This process exploits concepts and technologies of the Model‐driven Engineering (MDE) approach, such as metamodelling and automatic generation of software artifacts from models. We describe the requirements to fulfill and the development steps of this model‐driven process. As a proof‐of‐concept, we apply it to the Finite State Machines and we report our experience in engineering a metamodel‐based language and a toolset for the Abstract State Machine formal method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CoreASM modeling framework
Authors: Farahbod Roozbeh , Glässer Uwe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEngineering complex distributed systems calls for systematic approaches that build on well‐defined methodological frameworks and supporting computational tools. This paper addresses the specification, design, and development of thetextsfCoreASM modeling framework, focusing on a set of features that any comprehensive framework and tool environment for modeling and analysis of complex distributed systems should provide. We discuss the key design features, the underlying design principles, and the lessons learned using CoreASM. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inadequacies of “Science for All” and the necessity and nature of a socially transformative curriculum approach for african American science education
Authors: Mutegi Jomo W. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract“Science for All” is a mantra that has guided science education reform and practice for the past 20 years or so. Unfortunately, after 20 years of “Science for All” guided policy, research, professional development, and curricula African Americans continue to participate in the scientific enterprise in numbers that are staggeringly low. What is more, if current reform efforts were to realize the goal of “Science for All,” it remains uncertain that African American students would be well‐served. This article challenges the idea that the type of science education advocated under the “Science for All” movement is good for African American students. It argues that African American students are uniquely situated historically and socially and would benefit greatly from a socially transformative approach to science education curricula designed to help them meet their unique sociohistorical needs. The article compares the curriculum approach presented by current reform against a socially transformative curriculum approach. It concludes with a description of research that could support the curricular approach advocated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 301–316, 2011
Power dispatching from cage induction generator based wind power system with integrated smart energy storage
Authors: Gyawali Netra , Ohsawa Yasuharu , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the control and operational aspects of integrating a short‐ and long‐term storage mix, known as smart energy storage system (SESS), into a cage induction generator based wind power system. Embedding such an SESS with wind power system not only provides the solution for intermittency but also makes the system dispatchable. The fuel cell/electrolyzer subsystem of SESS is employed to provide long‐term energy balance by utilizing H2as medium, whereas an ultracapacitor is employed as a buffer storage for transient compensation. The control scheme enables the integrated system to operate seamlessly in islanded and grid‐connected modes, fulfilling the operational requirements. The system configuration is proposed, control scheme designed, and the detailed dynamic modeling developed for each component of the system. Expected behaviors during the sudden load change and wind speed variations are observed by mathematical simulation. Finally, the results of the analysis are summarized with their applicability to real system, and the limitation/further scope are indicated. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on neuronal development of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Takayama Yuzo , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractModulation of pluripotent stem cell differentiation by several environmental factors, such as physical stimulation, is an important theme in tissue engineering. In this study, we report the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF‐MF) exposure on the neuronal differentiation ability of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells (P19 cells). Here, the embryoid bodies (EBs) formed during the induction process were exposed to two types of ELF‐MFs (1 or 10 mT, 50 Hz, sinusoidal). After the induction process, the effects on the development of neuronal cells were evaluated by phase‐contrast image analysis, immunohistochemical staining (MAP2, GFAP), and the extracellular recording of spontaneous activity in which microelectrode arrays (MEAs) were used. Results show that MAP2 positive cells and spike frequencies increased by 10 mT ELF‐MF exposure, but the percentage of neurite outgrowth decreased at the early stages of differentiation. In contrast, clear differences were not seen in 1 mT ELF‐MF exposed cells. These results suggest that the neuronal differentiation and network properties were affected by 10 mT ELF‐MF exposure and that the intensity of the magnetic field was one of the important factors in the neuronal development of P19 cells. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Birth‐weight prediction using three‐dimensional sonographic fractional thigh volume at term in a Chinese population
Authors: Yang F. , Leung K.‐Y. , Hou Y.‐W. , Yuan Y. , Tang M. H.‐Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and validate new birth‐weight prediction models in Chinese pregnant women using fractional thigh volume.MethodsHealthy late third‐trimester fetuses within 5 days of delivery were prospectively examined using two‐ (2D) and three‐ (3D) dimensional ultrasonography. Measurements were performed using 2D ultrasound for standard fetal biometry and 3D ultrasound for fractional thigh volume (TVol) and middle thigh circumference. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze the inter‐ and intraobserver reliability of the 3D ultrasound measurements of 40 fetuses. Five birth‐weight prediction models were developed using linear regression analysis, and these were compared with previously published models in a validation group.ResultsOf the 290 fetuses studied, 100 were used in the development of prediction models and 190 in the validation of prediction models. The inter‐ and intraobserver variability for TVol and middle thigh circumference measurements was small (all ICCs ≥ 0.95). The prediction model using TVol, femur length (FL), abdominal circumference (AC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) provided the most precise birth‐weight estimation, with a random error of 4.68% and R2 of 0.825. It correctly predicted 69.5 and 95.3% of birth weights to within 5 and 10% of actual birth weight. By comparison, the Hadlock model with standard fetal biometry (BPD, head circumference, AC and FL) gave a random error of 6.41%. The percentage of birth‐weight prediction within 5 and 10% of actual birth weight was 46.3 and 82.6%, respectively.ConclusionConsistent with studies on Caucasian populations, a new birth‐weight prediction model based on fractional thigh volume, BPD, AC and FL, is reliable during the late third trimester in a Chinese population, and allows better prediction than does the Hadlock model. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical varices complicated by thrombosis in pregnancy
Authors: Sammour R. N. , Gonen R. , Ohel G. , Leibovitz Z. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a case of a 36‐year‐old pregnant woman with varicose veins of the uterine cervix diagnosed during the second trimester. The cervical tissue was completely replaced with dilated venous plexus. Therapeutic decisions were further complicated by the presence of blood clots within the dilated vessels. Pregnancy proceeded uneventfully, no bleeding occurred and the patient underwent a planned Cesarean delivery. This is the first reported case in the medical literature where the rare phenomenon of cervical varices was accompanied by thrombosis. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Umbilical artery pulsatility index and fetal abdominal circumference in isolated gastroschisis
Authors: Hussain U. , Daemen A. , Missfelder‐Lobos H. , De Moor B. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. , Lees C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate changes in abdominal circumference (AC) and umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA‐PI) with gestation in fetuses with isolated gastroschisis, and to determine whether a relationship exists between UA‐PI and fetal AC.MethodsData from 58 pregnancies with isolated gastroschisis diagnosed at between 24 and 36 weeks' gestation were included in the study. Z‐scores were calculated with respect to expected UA‐PI values in normal pregnancies after log‐transformation. AC‐Z‐scores were calculated with respect to expected size in normal pregnancies according to a standard chart. Functional linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) was applied to generate 50th, 5th and 95th percentile curves for changes in both AC and UA‐PI with gestational age in fetuses with gastroschisis. These curves were compared with the standard curves, as were the means. UA‐PI was also plotted against AC. For this relationship, a robust Spearman correlation coefficient was obtained with FLDA.ResultsIn fetuses with gastroschisis, there was a highly significant negative correlation between UA‐PI and AC, normalized for gestation using Z‐scores (median correlation coefficient, − 0.289; median P = 0.000023). Moreover, compared with standard curves AC was lower and UA‐PI higher in the gestational‐age range studied. Both the AC and UA‐PI curves showed a significantly different rate of change with gestation compared with the normal ranges. The mean values for fetuses with gastroschisis compared with the standard AC and UA‐PI range curves were significantly different for AC throughout gestation, and for UA‐PI from 32 weeks' gestation.ConclusionsIn fetal gastroschisis, it is well known that AC tends to be smaller, though UA‐PI has not been reported to be abnormal in any consistent way. There is a clear relationship between the fetus's AC for gestation and UA‐PI, which is not the case for normally grown fetuses. The data suggest that the growth restriction seen in gastroschisis may be explained by hypoxia, and not simply by the classical explanation of extra‐abdominal displacement of the abdominal viscera. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of antenatal corticosteroid treatment on the fetal lung: a magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Schmid M. , Kasprian G. , Kuessel L. , Messerschmidt A. , Brugger P. C. , Prayer D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of antenatal corticosteroid treatment on the fetal lung using magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsProspective evaluation of 30 consecutive singleton pregnancies that received antenatal corticosteroid treatment (12 mg betamethasone i.m. on admission and 24 h later) because of threatened preterm birth. Fetal lungs were assessed using T2‐weighted single‐shot fast spin‐echo images of a whole‐body 1.5‐T superconducting unit twice: less than 24 h and more than 48 h after the first course of betamethasone. Lung volumes and lung–liver signal‐intensity ratios were compared between the two time points.ResultsNine patients had to be excluded from the analysis because they did not complete the study protocol as required. Ten female and 11 male fetuses with a gestational age between 23.4 and 32.6 weeks were included in the final analysis. The mean gestational age of included fetuses was 27.5 ± 2.8 weeks. Using a linear regression model, a significant influence of gestational age on ln fetal lung volume (r2 = 0.414; P < 0.0001) and lung–liver signal‐intensity ratios (r2 = 0.271, P < 0.0001) was found. Between the two evaluated time points, a significant increase in lung–liver signal‐intensity ratios (2.34 ± 0.72 vs. 3.22 ± 1.12, P < 0.0001), but not in mean lung volumes (46.6 ± 20.7 cm3 vs. 48.8 ± 16.0 cm3, P = 0.292), was observed.ConclusionWe demonstrate a significant increase in lung–liver signal‐intensity ratios after antenatal corticosteroid treatment for induction of lung maturation which most likely reflects changing properties of the fetal lung parenchyma. This could potentially be useful in non‐invasively assessing the effect of antenatal corticosteroid treatment on the lungs of fetuses at risk for preterm birth. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of essential and toxic trace elements in ten herbal medicines using energy‐dispersive XRF analysis
Authors: Al‐Omari S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe elemental concentration of ten ayurvedic drugs has been analyzed using energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method. Concentrations of 19 elements of Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Hg have been determined using EDXRF analysis. Only the following elements were present in all the samples, with concentrations and ranges of: K (7957–149 827 mg/kg), Ca (4000–15 937 mg/kg), Fe (68–6100 mg/kg), and Sr (9–512 mg/kg). Concentrations of the rest of elements ranged from 0 to 12 008 mg/kg. Dietary intake of most elements was smaller than the recommended dietary allowance. In some specimens the toxic element of Hg was found to be beyond the permitted values. Ca and Fe in all specimens were positively well correlated with r = 0.8907, whereas Mn and Fe exhibited poor linear correlation (r = 0.5975) in all brands. The analysis by EDXRF is a simple way to investigate the quality of the drugs by determining their ingredients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.