bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and trajectories of depressive symptoms in mothers of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy
Authors: Ferro Mark A. , Avison William R. , Campbell M. Karen , Speechley Kathy N. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To examine the prevalence, trajectories, and predictors of depressive symptoms (DS) in mothers of children with new‐onset epilepsy.Methods:  A sample of 339 mothers was analyzed from the health‐related quality of life in children with epilepsy study assessed four times during the first 24 months after diagnosis. Mothers’ DS were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Trajectories of DS were investigated using group‐based trajectory modeling, and maternal, child, and family factors were compared across groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi square tests. Multinomial logistic regression identified predictors of DS trajectories.Key Findings:  A total of 258 mothers completed the study. Prevalence of depression ranged from 30–38% across four times within the first 24 months after their child’s diagnosis. Four trajectories of DS were observed: low stable (59%), borderline (25%), moderate increasing (9%), and high decreasing (7%). Using the low stable group as the reference group, the borderline group was younger, had worse family functioning, and fewer family resources; the moderate increasing group was younger, had children with cognitive problems, worse family functioning, and more family demands; and the high decreasing group had less education and children with lower quality of life.Significance:  Risk for clinical depression is common among mothers of children with new‐onset epilepsy. These mothers are not homogenous, but consist of groups with different trajectories and predictors of DS. Child’s cognitive problems was the strongest predictor identified; epilepsy severity did not predict DS trajectory. Health care professionals should consider routinely assessing maternal depression during clinic visits for pediatric epilepsy.
Amphetamine‐associated seizures: Clinical features and prognosis
Authors: Brown J. William L. , Dunne John W. , Fatovic Daniel M. , Lee Judy , Lawn Nicholas D. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryForty‐four patients presenting with first‐ever seizure within 24 h of illicit use of amphetamine or related analogs (amphetamine‐associated seizures, AAS) were identified over 8 years. Patients with AAS were compared to control groups of other first‐ever seizure patients (provoked n = 126 and unprovoked n = 401). Cumulative probability of recurrence was calculated using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Seizure recurrence and development of epilepsy were less likely in patients with AAS compared to provoked or unprovoked controls. Forty percent of patients with AAS had clinical risk factors for epilepsy, epileptiform abnormalities on electroencephalography (EEG), or an epileptogenic lesion on neuroimaging. Sleep deprivation was more frequently present in those with AAS. AAS likely relate to an intrinsic proconvulsant effect of these drugs combined with patient susceptibility and environmental factors.
A Modified Laryngoplasty Approach Promoting Ankylosis of the Cricoarytenoid Joint
Authors: Parente Eric J. , Birks Eric K. , Habecker Perry 
Published: January 2011

Objective:To perform a modification to the standard laryngoplasty procedure in vivo that would result in ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid (CA) joint, and determine the stability provided to the abducted arytenoid in vitro.Study Design:Experimental study.Animals:Horses (n=8).Methods:Horses were assigned to either control laryngoplasty (n=3) or modified laryngoplasty (5) procedure. Endoscopic upper airway evaluations were used to measure right:left quotients 1 day and 3 months postoperatively to assess maintenance of abduction. Horses were euthanatized 3 months after surgery and larynges collected for measurement of translaryngeal impedance and histologic evaluation of CA joint ankylosis. Each specimen was exposed to increasing negative pressure with the sutures intact or cut while translaryngeal impedance was recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with significance set atP<.05.Results:Loss of left arytenoid cartilage abduction at 3 months was greater in the control laryngoplasty group. Overall, impedance was significantly lower for the modified laryngoplasty group compared with the control laryngoplasty group and lower with the sutures intact than cut. Histologic evaluation of the joints confirmed fibrous bridging of the left CA joints of the modified laryngoplasty group.Conclusions:A modified laryngoplasty approach promotes ankylosis of the CA joint and decreases the loss of abduction of the arytenoid.
Immunohistochemical and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Vascular Distribution in Intact Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Hayashi Kei , Bhandal Jitender , Kim Sun Young , Rodriguez, Jr. Carlos O. , Entwistle Rachel , Naydan Diane , Kapatkin Amy , Stover Susan M. 
Published: January 2011

Objectives:To (1) describe vascular distribution in the grossly intact canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) using immunohistochemical techniques specific to 2 components of blood vessels (factor VIII for endothelial cells, laminin for basement membrane); and (2) compare the vascularity in different areas of interest (craniomedial versus caudolateral bands; core versus epiligamentous regions; and proximal versus middle versus distal portions) in the intact normal canine CCL.Study Design:In vitro study.Animals:Large, mature dogs (n=7) of breeds prone to CCL disease that were euthanatized for nonorthopedic conditions.Methods:Intact CCL were collected from fresh canine cadavers free from stifle pathology. CCL tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry and stained for factor VIII and laminin. Vascular density was determined by histomorphometric analysis.Results:Specific vascular staining was sparsely identified throughout the CCL; however, the proximal portion of the CCL appears to have a greater number of vessels than the middle or distal portion of the ligament.Conclusions:The CCL is a hypovascular tissue and its vascular distribution is not homogeneous.
Nurse Staffing Levels and Teamwork: A Cross‐Sectional Study of Patient Care Units in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Kalisch Beatrice J. , Lee Kyung Hee 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Purpose: To determine if nurse staffing predicts teamwork. Design: A cross‐sectional, descriptive design with a sample of nursing staff (N= 2,545) on 52 patient care units in four hospitals was utilized. Methods: The Nursing Teamwork Survey was utilized to collect data on the level of perceived nursing teamwork on each of the study units. In addition, nursing staffing data were collected for each study unit. Findings: Higher levels of nurse staffing were related to better teamwork. Specifically, the greater the hours per patient day, the higher the level of overall teamwork on the unit (β= 0.417, p= .033). Also the greater the skill mix, the higher the level of overall teamwork on the unit (β= 0.436, p= .009). Conclusions: Adequate levels of staffing are needed to ensure nursing teamwork. Clinical Relevance: The ability to provide quality and safe care is associated with teamwork, which in turn requires adequate staffing.
Photomedicine and phototherapy considerations for patients with skin of color
Authors: Syed Zain U. , Hamzavi Iltefat H. 
Published: January 2011

Background/purpose: Patients with skin of color present unique challenges and opportunities for dermatologists in their disease states as well as their response to treatment. There are differences in dosing for patients with skin of color using standard phototherapeutic approaches as well as unique disease states that may respond to newer phototherapeutic options. Lastly, there are optical diagnostic options that allow investigators to differentiate erythema and pigmentation in a quantitative manner for clinical research purposes.Methods: Review of the current literature with regard to vitiligo, hidradenitis suppurativa and optical diagnostic methods.Conclusions: Practitioners need to be aware of the various phototherapy and laser therapy options for patients with skin of color. New discoveries for the use of visible light as a form of treatment are on the horizon, and optical diagnostic techniques such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and colorimetry may add value clinically and within the research realm as objective measures of pigmentation and erythema.
Efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy for port‐wine stain: a multicenter and open‐labeled phase IIa study
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhou Zhanchao , Zhou Guoyu , Tu Ping , Zheng Qingshan , Tao Jining , Gu Ying , Zhu Xuejun 
Published: January 2011

Background/purpose: This phase IIa study aimed to study the efficacy and safety of hemoporfin in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a 532 nm continuous laser for port‐wine stain (PWS).Methods: In this 8‐week open‐labeled study in three centers, three different laser exposure times (532 nm continuous laser for 20, 30 and 40 min) were used in stage I, group A, stage II, group B and stage III, group C, respectively. Primary efficacy assessment was performed by an independent group of experts, who reviewed the standardized photos. Secondary efficacy assessment consisted of the subjective grading of the PWS fading by the investigators and the patients. Treatment reactions and adverse events (AE) were recorded separately.Results: Forty patients were initially enrolled in the study, but stage III had to be cancelled eventually for the safety of the patients. Patients in groups A and B showed similar satisfactory results in efficacy assessments, the total ‘response’ rate being 80.0% and 94.7% in groups A and B, respectively. The AE rates were also similar in the two groups. Self‐limiting photosensitive dermatitis and hyperpigmentation were the most frequently observed AE.Conclusion: Hemoporfin‐PDT is effective and safe for patients with PWS aged 16–50.
Polymorphous light eruption and benign summer light eruption in Italy
Authors: Guarrera Marcella , Cardo Pasquale , Rebora Alfredo Enrico , Schena Donatella , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Venturini Marina , Monfrecola Giuseppe , Baldo Antonello , Leone Giovanni , Pacifico Alessia , Pavesi Alessandra , Ciambellotti Aldo , Sala Raffaella , Rossi Maria Teresa , Di Costanzo Luisa , Fabbrocini Gabriella 
Published: January 2011

Background/purpose: Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) heterogeneity has been postulated, but the existence of benign summer light eruption (BSLE) is controversial. We studied the prevalence of the clinical patterns, criteria distinguishing BSLE from PLE, and diagnostic usefulness of phototest.Methods: Five Italian Photodermatology Centres recruited retrospectively 346 patients with typical clinical history and/or presentation of PLE. Age, gender, skin type, family history and presence of atopy were considered. UVA and UVB MEDs and provocative phototests with UVA and UVB were obtained with a standardized procedure. Photopatch tests were applied according to the IRCDG rules. ANA were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence.Results: Four criteria (predominance of women, shorter latency, uninvolvement of the face and absence of relapse during summer) identified BSLE in only 6.1% of cases. All had positive phototests, mostly with UVA. Uninvolvement of face, short latency and no seasonal relapses identified 11.7% patients, mostly with positive phototests to UVA. Short latency and no seasonal relapses in women identified 11.2% patients. Uninvolvement of face and no seasonal relapses in women identified 8.1% of patients. Uninvolvement of face and short latency in women identified 17.6% of patients.Conclusion: Criteria diagnosed BSLE in only a minority of patients, who were positive at phototesting, mostly with UVA.
Successful treatment of resistant alopecia areata with a phototoxic dose of ultraviolet A after topical 8‐methoxypsoralen application
Authors: Kamel Mostafa Mokhtar , Salem Samar Abdallah Mohamed , Attia Hanan Hamdy M. 
Published: January 2011

Background: The efficacy of a phototoxic dose of ultraviolet A (UVA) after topical application of 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) in the treatment of alopecia areata (AA) was evaluated previously in only one study. However, the possibility of spontaneous regrowth of hair cannot be excluded as sessions were carried out every 3 months.Objective: To determine the efficacy of a phototoxic dose of UVA after topical application of 8‐MOP in the treatment of AA resistant to other lines of treatment.Subjects/Methods: Thirty‐five patients with AA were treated by topical 8‐MOP application to the lesions followed by UVA irradiation using a phototoxic dose every 3 months for a maximum of four sessions. Severity grading of AA was carried out using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score before and after treatment.Results: Fifty‐seven percent of patients showed a positive treatment response (40% showed complete and 17% showed partial response) with significant improvement of SALT score. The mean cumulative UVA dose was 22±8.3 J/cm2. Mild reversible side effects were observed in 63% of patients after the first session.Conclusion: Phototoxic psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy after topical application of 0.1% 8‐MOP is an effective treatment option for resistant AA, with low total cumulative UVA dose, few treatment sessions, and minimal reversible side effects.
Shakespeare’s Children
Authors: Campana Joseph 
Published: January 2011

AbstractShakespeare had a thing for children. Ann Blake counts 30, Mark Heberle 39, Mark Lawhorn 45, and Carol Chillington Rutter counts well over 50 child parts. What it means that Shakespeare included more child figures in his plays and poems than his contemporaries remains an incitement to conversation as a recent burst of scholarship makes evident. That this interest follows the institutionalization of the study of children’s literature and the formation of childhood studies programs is instructive. Approaches taken by humanities scholars may not hold the same political sway as psychological or sociological studies, some of which have real implications for the policies and standards that impact the lives of actual children. But since attempts to tell the history of childhood often produce fantasies of the ideal, sentimental child, the works of Shakespeare offer an opportunity to understand constructions and fictions of childhood in a time of the rapidly shifting cultural and historical valuation of children. This essay examines central questions and problems in the study of early modern child figures, reviews past approaches to and recent publications on early modern children, suggests topics yet to be explored in the context of the child figures of Shakespeare and his contemporaries (sexuality, temporality, sovereignty, humanity, and economy), and concludes by suggesting we think of Shakespeare’s children not as strictly historical or affective objects but, rather, as figures pressed to signify with respect to cultural expectations of value, sovereignty, and futurity.
Changes in a Woman’s Sexual Experience and Expectations Following the Introduction of Electric Vibrator Assistance
Authors: Marcus Bat Sheva 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study explores how a woman’s sexual expectations and experiences change when she introduces an electrical vibrator into her sexual activity.

Aim
Examine participants’ behavioral changes and changes in attitude and expectations after introducing a vibrator.

Methods
Seventeen heterosexual women, ages 23–55, who had never used a vibrator, used one at least once a week for 1 month and then participated in interviews about their experiences. The “grounded theory method,” provided qualitative data from the interview transcripts.

Main Outcome Measures
Repeating ideas and themes were extracted and coded from all interviews. The researcher assessed whether the initial sample size was large enough to provide “saturation” (that is, did it appear that the same themes kept emerging) and continued interviewing until such a sample was determined.

Results
Six recurring concerns emerged: (i) change in orgasmic patterns; (ii) fear of using an outside, “unnatural” object; (iii) dependency; (iv) entitlement; (v) reaction of partners; and (vi) changes in sexual attitudes.

Conclusions
Clinicians recommending vibrator use to women, whether because of anorgasmia, female sexual arousal disorder, or any other sexual problems, should prepare their patients for changes in these areas.
Executive Dysfunctions in Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Child Molesters
Authors: Schiffer Boris , Vonlaufen Corinne 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Introduction
There is some evidence that child molesters show neuropsychological abnormalities which might reflect specific structural and/or functional brain alterations, but there are also inconsistencies in the existing findings which need to be clarified. Most of the different outcomes can either be explained by the fact that different types of child molesters were examined or by not having accounted for basically confounding factors such as age, education/intelligence, or criminality.

Aim
The present study therefore sought to determine whether pedophilic and nonpedophilic child molesters, compared to relevant control groups, show different profiles of executive dysfunction when accounting for potentially confounding factors.

Methods
The performance of 30 child molesters (15 pedophilic and 15 nonpedophilic) and 33 age- and education-matched controls (16 nonsexual offenders and 17 healthy controls) was assessed regarding several neuropsychological functions.

Main Outcome Measures
Scores on different neurocognitive tests and semistructured diagnostical interviews.

Results
Results indicate that pedophilic child molesters exhibited less performance deficits in cognitive functioning than nonpedophilic child molesters. Compared to healthy controls and nonsexual offenders, the pedophilic child molesters only showed executive dysfunction concerning response inhibition, whereas the nonpedophilic child molesters revealed more severe dysfunction, especially on tasks associated with cognitive flexibility and verbal memory.

Conclusions
These results enhance our knowledge about executive dysfunction associated with criminality and/or pedophilia, as they suggest different profiles of impairment between groups. In summary, data suggest that nonpedophilic child molesters showed more severe cognitive deficits than pedophilic child molesters. However, as response inhibition is associated with prefrontal (i.e., orbitofrontal) functioning, the deficits observed in both child molester groups indicate dysfunction in the orbitofrontal cortex. This has to be further examined with functional imaging approaches in larger samples and a full-factorial approach which allows for a clear distinction between criminality and pedophilia in a factorial manner.
Sacro-lumbar Intersegmental Spinal Reflex in Autonomic Pathways Mediating Female Sexual Function
Authors: Yuan Shi Yong , Gibbins Ian L. , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir P. , Morris Judy L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Autonomic neurons in paracervical ganglia mediating vasodilation in the female reproductive tract receive inputs from both midlumbar and sacral spinal levels. However, it is not known how the lumbar pathways are activated.

Aim
This study tested whether stimulation of pudendal sensory nerve could activate lumbar spinal outflows to paracervical ganglia via a spinal reflex pathway.

Methods
Isolated spinal cords with attached peripheral nerves were removed from urethane-anesthetized female guinea pigs and perfused via the aorta with physiological salt solution. Spinal pathways to midlumbar preganglionic neurons were tested by recording extracellular compound action potentials (CAPs) in lumbar splanchnic or distal hypogastric nerves after electrical stimulation of thoracic spinal cord or the pudendal nerve. CAPs also were recorded from pelvic nerves after pudendal nerve stimulation. Sensory neurons were retrogradely traced from the pudendal nerve and characterized immunohistochemically.

Main Outcome Measures
Activation of preganglionic neurons projecting from midlumbar spinal cord to paracervical ganglia following stimulation of pudendal sensory nerves in isolated preparations.

Results
Thoracic spinal cord stimulation produced CAPs in hypogastric nerves that were abolished by transection of L3 lumbar splanchnic nerves. Pudendal nerve stimulation produced CAPs in L3 lumbar splanchnic, hypogastric, and pelvic nerves, demonstrating an ascending intersegmental spinal circuit to midlumbar levels in addition to the sacral spinal circuit. These CAPs in hypogastric nerves were enhanced by bicuculline (10 µM), blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 µM) but were not affected by hexamethonium (200 µM). Retrograde axonal tracing revealed four groups of sensory neurons in S3 dorsal root ganglia that were distinguished immunohistochemically.

Conclusion
Midlumbar preganglionic neurons projecting to paracervical ganglia regulating blood flow and motility in the female reproductive tract can be activated by an ascending intersegmental spinal pathway from pudendal sacral inputs, which is inhibited by local spinal circuits. This pathway will help understand pathological conditions affecting reproductive function.
Epistemic Luck
Authors: Orozco Joshue 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEpistemologists often remark that knowledge precludes luck. A true belief based on a guess or hunch is not knowledge because it seems merely fortuitous, too much of an accident, and, well, lucky that one happened to get things right. Of course, true beliefs based on guesses and hunches are not justified. However, Gettier cases have persuasively shown that even justified true beliefs can admit knowledge‐precluding kinds of luck. So in what sense are justified true beliefs that don’t amount knowledge lucky or ‘true only by chance’? I will address three different approaches to epistemic luck that have received significant attention in the recent literature: reliability approaches to epistemic luck, credit approaches to epistemic luck, and responsibilist or control approaches to epistemic luck. I will then turn my attention to the implications that epistemic luck has for other epistemic states. I will focus particularly on state of understanding and examine whether, and to what extent, understanding is vulnerable to epistemic luck.
Contemporary Finnish Aesthetics
Authors: Haapala Arto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article gives an overview of Finnish aesthetics in the past forty years. I will introduce major figures who have done research in aesthetics and topics that have been investigated. I will divide the field of aesthetics in two: philosophy of art and environmental aesthetics. Especially the latter has gained a lot of prominence in Finnish aesthetics, and there are also institutional settings that have made this possible. But philosophical problems in the arts have been scrutinized intensively, too. Finnish aestheticians have taken inspiration both from the Anglo‐American analytic tradition and the German and French phenomenological tradition. In order to put the contemporary considerations into some perspective, I will give a brief outline of the early stages of Finnish Aesthetics. The early 20th century was a heyday in Finnish Aesthetics.