bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Bedeutung der Methämoglobinbildung bei der Entgiftung von Blausäure mittels Methylenblau und Natriumnitrit1
Authors: Møller Knud O. 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.
. Intravenöse Injektion von Methylenblau an blausäurevergifteten Kaninchen ruft im Laufe weniger Minuten eine starke Steigerung des herabgesetzten Sauerstoffverbrauchs bis auf Werte, die den Normalwert erheblich überschreiten, hervor, wobei gleichzeitig in sämtlichen Fällen eine erhebliche Herabsetzung der Sauerstoffkapazität des Blutes nachgewiesen wurde. Es ist anzunehmen, daß die Herabsetzung der Sauerstoffkapazität des Blutes auf eine Umwandlung des Hämoglobins in eine inaktive Verbindung — wahrscheinlich Zyanhämoglobin mit Methämoglobin als Zwischenstufe — beruht.
. Bei intravenöser Injektion von Natriumnitrit an blausäurevergifteten Kaninchen steigert sich der herabgesetzte Sauerstoffverbrauch mit gleicher. Schnelligkeit wie in den Methylenblauversuchen, ohne jedoch, wie bei diesen, die Normalwerte völlig zu erreichen. Gleichzeitig tritt eine erhebliche Herabsetzung der Sauerstoffkapazität des Blutes ein, die in ähnlicher Weise wie bei den Methylenblauversuchen zu erklären ist.
. Injektion von Methylenblau wie von Natriumnitrit ruft an Kaninchen nur eine geringfügige Bildung von inaktivem Hämoglobin hervor. Bei gleichzeitiger Injektion von Zyanid wird eine bei weitem größere Bildung von inaktivem Hämoglobin — wahrscheinlich Zyanhämoglobin mit Methämoglobin als Zwischenstufe — hervorgerufen, welches die Blutbahn verläßt beinahe ebenso schnell, wie es gebildet wird.
. Bei gleichzeitiger Injektion von Methylenblau und Blausäure ist die gebildete Menge von inaktivem Hämoglobin, in Äquivalenten ausgedrückt, von gleicher Größe wie die der Blutbahn zugeführtc Blausäuremenge, wogegen, bei gleichzeitiger Injektion von Natriumnitrit und Blausäure die Umbildung von Hämoglobin recht häufig erheblich größer ist.
Zur Frage der Kinetik des Aethylalkoholumsatzes im Organismus1
Authors: Neymark Marit , Widmark Erik M. P. 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.. Die Verfasser nehmen eine kritische Prüfung der von Haggard und Greenberg vertretenen Auffassung vor. Nach H. und G. geschieht der Umsatz des Äthylalkohols im Organismus exponentiell; im Gegensatz hierzu steht die ursprünglich von Mellanby vertretene und von uns näher ausgearbeitete Theorie, daß der Umsatz geradlinig verläuft.. Als Resultat der Überprüfung ergibt sich, daß keine hinreichende Ursache vorliegt, die Auffassung, der wir uns früher angeschlossen haben, aufzugeben.. Die von uns vorgelegten Richtlinien für die Berechnung der Beziehung zwischen dem konsumertien Alkohol, bzw. dem im Organismus befindlichen und der Konzentration im Blute bedürfen keiner Korrektion.
Elektromyographische Registrierung der sog. Sekundärwelle. Ein Beitrag zur Frage vom Aktionsstrom des Muskels1
Authors: Myhrman Gustaf 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung.
. Verf. hat die sog. Sekundärwelle auf elektromyographischem Wege registriert als eine die Kontraktionswelle begleitende Negativitätswelle.
. Diese elektrische Veränderung ist im Myogramm durchaus verschieden von den gewöhnlich als Aktionsstrom bezeichneten Potentialveränderungen, ein Umstand, welcher den Verf. dazu veranlaßt, anzunehmen, daß die gewöhnliche Muskelkontraktion und die Sekundärwelle verschiedenartig entstandene Kontraktionen sind.
Die Bindung von Heparin an lebende Zellen1
Authors: Fischer Albert 
Published: April 2012

Zusammenfassung
Heparin wird an die Oberflächen von intakten lebenden Leukozyten gebunden und hebt dadurch ihre thromboplastische Wirkung auf.
Das Heparin konkurriert dabei mit dem Plasmaeiweiß in der Besetzung der basischen Gruppen an den Zelloberflächen.
Die Heparinbindung an Zellen erfolgt praktisch momentan, und stellt sich auf ein bestimmtes Gleichgewicht mit den vorhandenen Mengen an freiem Heparin ein.
Eine Verletzung der Zellen nach Zusatz von verschiedenen Stoffen in kleinen Mengen hat ein plötzliches Verschwinden von Heparin aus der Lösung zur Folge.
Zur Frage des Vorkommens einer Glycerophosphat‐Dehydrogenase in Pflanzensamen1
Authors: Thunberg T. 
Published: April 2012

ZusammenfassungVerf. hat eine größere Anzahl von Pflanzensamen auf das Vorhandensein einer Dehydrogenase hin untersucht, die Glycerophosphat als Substrat verwendet. Die weitaus meisten untersuchten Samenarten zeigten keine oder eine unsichere Wirkung gegenüber diesem Substrat. Eine Ausnahme bilden Samen von Cucumis sativus sowie auch Samen von Echinocystis lobata. Doch ist auch die dehydrogenisierende Wirkung dieser Samenarten auf Glycerophosphat von geringer Stärke. Gegenüber der Alpha‐Form dieser Substanz ist die Wirkung wesentlich stärker als gegenüber der Beta‐Form. Es wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob das Glycerophosphat möglicherweise gespalten wird, bevor es dehydrogenisiert wird. Dagegen spricht der Umstand, daß Glycerin eine um ein Vielfaches schwächere Wirkung auf die Indikatorentfärbung ausübt als Glycerinphosphorsäure. Einen deutlichen Entfärbungseffekt zeigt Glycerin erst in Konzentrationen von 1% und darüber. Eine Untersuchung darüber, wie Glycerin in starken Konzentrationen, bis zu 75% der Reaktionsmischung, die Indikatorentfärbung beeinflußt, zeigt die große Indifferenz dieses Stoffes.Johan och Therese Anderssons Minnesford sage ich für die Bereitstellung von Mitteln für die Durchführung dieser Untersuchungen meinen Dank.
Heparin und experimentelle Glomerulonephritis1
Authors: Silfverskiöld B. P. 
Published: April 2012

ZusammenfassungEs wurde der Versuch gemacht, mit Hilfe von Heparin der Entstehung von allergischen Nierenschädigungen entgegenzuwirken und mithin die Möglichkeit, durch Heparin eine Glomerulonephritis günstig zu beeinflussen, zu studieren.Es stellte sich heraus, daß die pathologischen Harnbefunde (pos. Eiweißreaktion, rote Blutkörperchen und Zylinder), die nach wiederholter intravenöser Injektion von Pferdeserum bei Kaninchen auftraten, ausblieben, wenn die Tiere mit Heparin behandelt wurden.Dagegen konnte eine derartige Einwirkung auf den Harn von Ratten, die mit Nephrotoxin behandelt worden waren, nicht beobachtet werden.Als ein interessanter Nebenbefund wurde beobachtet, daß das Heparin eine hemmende Wirkung auf die Entstehung des anaphylaktischen Schocks zu besitzen scheint. Diese letztere Wirkung wurde bisher von mehreren Autoren bestritten.
Proteolytic profile in the larval midgut of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: ZIBAEE Arash 
Published: April 2012

AbstractChilo suppressalis is a key constraint on production of rice. The current research was conducted to study the types of digestive proteases in the larval midgut of C. suppressalis. It was found that activity of total digestive proteases increased from the first to the fifth larval instars, which showed different nutritional requirements. Four types of proteinases and two types of exopeptidase were identified so that their activities from the highest to the lowest activities is trypsin‐like, chymotrypsin‐like and elastase for proteinases, and amino and carboxypeptidases for exopeptidases. Meanwhile, just one type of cysteine protease, cathepsin D, was determined in the fourth and fifth instar larvae. The optimal pH for activity of total protease was found to be pH 9–10 and optimal temperature was observed to be 35–40°C, where there was the highest proteolytic activity. Some specific inhibitors of proteases including PMSF, TLCK, TPCK, DTT, E‐64, cystatin, phenanthroline and EDTA were used to confirm the types of proteases in the midgut of C. suppressalis.
Efficacy of transient elastography in screening for large esophageal varices in patients with suspicious or proven liver cirrhosis
Authors: WANG Huay‐Min , LO Gin‐Ho , CHEN Wen‐Chi , HSU Ping‐I , YU Hsien‐Chung , LIN Chiun‐Ku , CHAN Hoi‐Hung , TSAI Wei‐Lun , TSAY Feng‐Woei , LIU Tsan‐Ping , WANG E‐Ming , LAI Kwok‐Hung 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (TE) to predict the risk of esophageal varices (EVs) in Chinese patients.METHODS:  In total, 46 patients with suspicious or proven liver cirrhosis underwent TE and liver biopsy. All participants were endoscopically screened for the presence of EVs and large EVs by two endoscopists who were blinded to the LSM status. Large EVs were defined as more than 5 mm in diameter. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for both TE and the platelet count/spleen diameter (PC/SD) ratio in predicting the presence of EVs or large EVs were calculated.RESULTS:  Of the 46 patients, 30 (65%) had EVs including 19 (41%) with large EVs. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of LSM was 0.85 for the presence of EVs and 0.83 for large EVs, respectively. The cut‐off values of LSM were ≥13.4 kPa for the presence of EVs and ≥14.6 kPa for large EVs. Notably, the AUROC of the PC/SD ratio was 0.92 for the presence of EVs but only 0.69 for large EVs.CONCLUSION:  LSM using TE can predict the presence of EVs or large EVs in Chinese patients with suspicious or proven cirrhosis and may identify patients who require endoscopic surveillance.
Dental care plan assessment using the CAHPS Dental Plan Survey
Authors: Bader James D. , Shugars Daniel A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives: The performance of a recently developed survey instrument that inquires about patients' experiences with the receipt of dental care was examined to evaluate its potential utility as a patient‐reported outcome measure for dental care plans.Methods: Individuals with dental insurance (n = 1,216) were surveyed using the Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Dental Plan Survey. The instrument's pre‐established composite and rating scores were compared across dental insurance carriers (6 most common and all others combined) using ANOVA. In addition, each score was analyzed separately using multivariate regression with respondent and plan characteristics as independent variables.Results: There was significant differentiation among dental insurance carriers for three of the six scores (dental care composite, access to care composite, and dentist rating). Several respondent characteristics were associated with higher scores, including age, race, income level, and oral health self‐rating. Having a choice of dental plans, and years with one's dental plan were associated with higher dental plan ratings, while having to find a new dentist to use the plan tended to lower all scores except the cost and services composite.Conclusions: The results reported here reflect differences among dental insurance carriers, rather than among the many different dental plans offered by those carriers. Nevertheless, the CAHPS instrument scores reflected differences among patients' experiences (composite scores) and ratings (rating scores) across carriers, suggesting both that the instrument should be a useful tool for assessing patient‐reported outcomes, and that comparisons of these outcomes should control for respondent characteristics as well as specific plan characteristics.
Advantages of blood pool contrast agents in MR angiography: A pictorial review
Authors: Lewis Mark , Yanny Sarah , Malcolm Paul N 
Published: April 2012

SummaryGadofosveset trisodium (Ablavar®, formerly Vasovist®) is the first intravascular contrast agent approved for clinical use in peripheral vascular disease. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the clinical uses of gadofosveset‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in patients referred for assessment of arteriovenous disease.Superior T1 shortening enables first pass renal and peripheral arteriography of quality comparable with larger doses of extracellular agents. In applications such as thoracic outlet syndrome, there may be other advantages such as superior venous imaging and need for only one injection. Steady‐state delayed imaging provides high resolution mapping of both arterial and venous systems and imaging of multiple territories. A combination of dynamic and delayed steady‐state imaging can provide detailed anatomy and flow characteristics of vascular malformations and mapping for percutaneous sclerotherapy at one investigation. The ability to image in the steady state can provide minimally invasive imaging of thrombo‐occlusive disease of central veins.
Low‐lying placenta: Who should be recalled for a follow‐up scan?
Authors: Copland Jacqueline A , Craw Susan M , Herbison Peter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The incidence of low‐lying placenta or placenta praevia in the second trimester has been reported at 1–5%; however, recent unpublished audits suggest our recall rates are higher. We wanted to assess our recall rates in a large sample size and determine whether we could reduce the placenta–os distance for recalling women with low‐lying placenta, while still identifying all cases of placenta praevia at delivery.Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis from March 2005 to March 2008 of women attending for 18–20‐week obstetric ultrasounds. Patients with a singleton pregnancy and a placenta ≤2 cm from the internal cervical os were included. Follow‐up scan results and delivery data were collected.Results: Four hundred eight women were identified as having a low‐lying placenta at the 18–20‐week scan (107 (9%) at Dunedin Hospital and 301 (5%) at Otago Radiology). Fifty‐eight women (14%) were excluded, leaving 350 women included in the analysis. Three hundred seventeen (91%) had a placenta clear of the internal os on their follow‐up scan while 33 women (9%) had persistent placenta praevia.At a distance of ≥1.9 cm, there was 100% sensitivity for detection of placenta praevia on the 18–20‐week scan. As the placenta–os distance decreases the sensitivity for detection of placenta praevia reduces.Conclusions: Placenta praevia at term can occur where the placenta is up to 1.9 cm from the internal cervical os on the 18–20‐week anatomy scan. Consequently, we will continue to recall women for a follow‐up scan where the placenta is ≤2 cm from the internal os.
Uncommon pulmonary metastasis presenting as pulmonary infarction with tumour emboli in two cases
Authors: Lee Ju Won , Lee Kyung Hee , Kim Lucia , Yoon Yong Han , Kim Youn Jeong , Kim Yeo Ju 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWe report two cases of pathologically proven pulmonary metastases presenting as pulmonary infarction with tumour emboli. In two cases, high‐resolution CT showed multiple small subpleural consolidations in both lungs. The patients had breast cancer and uterine cervix cancer, respectively. Although various pulmonary diseases show subpleural consolidations on CT, pulmonary metastases by tumour emboli should be primarily considered in differential diagnosis especially when the patient has known malignancy.
Study of patients with intravenous contrast extravasation on CT studies, with radiology staff and ward staff cannulations
Authors: Kingston Roger J , Young Noel , Sindhusake Doungkamol Poppy , Truong Minh 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Intravenous (IV) contrast extravasation is an adverse outcome of computed tomography (CT) studies. This study evaluates for any differences in rates of extravasation between radiology (radiographer) staff and ward medical staff cannulations, and secondarily by cannula size and study type.Method: A prospective study of 26 854 studies in adults between September 2004 and April 2008 accumulated 119 extravasations. Patients were divided into two groups, those cannulated by radiology staff and those cannulated by non‐radiology staff. Patients with extravasations were followed for treatment outcomes. Statistical analysis between our groups was undertaken.Results: The total extravasation rate was 0.44%. The extravasation rate for those patients cannulated by radiology staff was 0.34% (n = 11 470 cannulations) and those cannulated by non‐radiology staff was 0.52% (n = 15 384 cannulations). This was not statistically significantly different.The site where most extravasations occurred was at the elbow (71.4%). The injection rate where most extravasations occurred was in the 1–2 mL/s range (42%). No patient required surgical intervention or had any significant morbidity.Conclusion: Radiology radiographer staff can provide safe administration of IV contrast in CT scanning with low rates of extravasation. Extravasation may occur with high or low injection rates and when small or large size cannulas are used.
Neck circumference: a useful screening tool of cardiovascular risk in children
Authors: Androutsos O. , Grammatikaki E. , Moschonis G. , Roma‐Giannikou E. , Chrousos G. P. , Manios Y. , Kanaka‐Gantenbein C. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryObjectiveEarly identification of cardiovascular risk factors consists an essential target for public health. The current study aims to examine the association between neck circumference and several cardiovascular risk factors and to compare it with well‐established anthropometric indices.MethodsDemographic, anthropometric (body weight and height, waist, hip and neck circumference [WC, HC and NC, respectively]), biochemical (total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, triglycerides [TG], fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin), clinical (pubertal stage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP, respectively]) and lifestyle (dietary intake, physical activity level) data were collected from 324 children (51.5% boys; 48.5% girls) aged 9–13 in Greece. Body mass index z‐score (BMI z‐score), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR) were calculated.ResultsAll indices (BMI z‐score, NC, WC, HC, WHR and WHtR) were correlated with SBP, HDL and insulin‐related indices (insulin, HOMA‐IR, QUICKI and FGIR) and all indices except WHR with TG. LDL was correlated with BMI z‐score, WC, WHR and WHtR, whereas DBP was correlated with BMI z‐score, WC, HC and WHtR. In multivariate analysis, HDL, TG, SBP, insulin, HOMA‐IR, QUICKI and FGIR were associated with all anthropometric indices; DBP with WC, HC, NC and WHtR; LDL with BMI z‐score, WC, HC and WHtR.ConclusionsNC is associated with most cardiovascular disease risk factors. These associations are comparable with those observed for BMI z‐score, WC, HC, WHR and WHtR. NC could be a simple, alternative screening tool of cardiovascular risk in children.
Dose rate dependence for different dosimeters and detectors: TLD, OSL, EBT films, and diamond detectors
Authors: Karsch L. , Beyreuther E. , Burris‐Mog T. , Kraft S. , Richter C. , Zeil K. , Pawelke J. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:The use of laser accelerators in radiation therapy can perhaps increase the low number of proton and ion therapy facilities in some years due to the low investment costs and small size. The laser‐based acceleration technology leads to a very high peak dose rate of about 1011 Gy/s. A first dosimetric task is the evaluation of dose rate dependence of clinical dosimeters and other detectors.Methods:The measurements were done at ELBE, a superconductive linear electron accelerator which generates electron pulses with 5 ps length at 20 MeV. The different dose rates are reached by adjusting the number of electrons in one beam pulse. Three clinical dosimeters (TLD, OSL, and EBT radiochromic films) were irradiated with four different dose rates and nearly the same dose. A faraday cup, an integrating current transformer, and an ionization chamber were used to control the particle flux on the dosimeters. Furthermore two diamond detectors were tested.Results:The dosimeters are dose rate independent up to 4•109 Gy/s within 2% (OSL and TLD) and up to 15•109 Gy/s within 5% (EBT films). The diamond detectors show strong dose rate dependence.Conclusions:TLD, OSL dosimeters, and EBT films are suitable for pulsed beams with a very high pulse dose rate like laser accelerated particle beams.
Spectral analysis of fundamental signal and noise performances in photoconductors for mammography
Authors: Kim Ho Kyung , Lim Chang Hwy , Tanguay Jesse , Yun Seungman , Cunningham Ian A. 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:This study investigates the fundamental signal and noise performance limitations imposed by the stochastic nature of x‐ray interactions in selected photoconductor materials, such as Si,a‐Se, CdZnTe, HgI2, PbI2, PbO, and TlBr, for x‐ray spectra typically used in mammography.Methods:It is shown how Monte Carlo simulations can be combined with a cascaded model to determine the absorbed energy distribution for each combination of photoconductor and x‐ray spectrum. The model is used to determine the quantum efficiency, mean energy absorption per interaction, Swank noise factor, secondary quantum noise, and zero‐frequency detective quantum efficiency (DQE).Results:The quantum efficiency of materials with higher atomic number and density demonstrates a larger dependence on convertor thickness than those with lower atomic number and density with the exception ofa‐Se. The mean deposited energy increases with increasing average energy of the incident x‐ray spectrum. HgI2, PbI2, and CdZnTe demonstrate the largest increase in deposited energy with increasing mass loading and a‐Se and Si the smallest. The best DQE performances are achieved with PbO and TlBr. For mass loading greater than 100 mg cm−2, a‐Se, HgI2, and PbI2 provide similar DQE values to PbO and TlBr.Conclusions:The quantum absorption efficiency, average deposited energy per interacting x‐ray, Swank noise factor, and detective quantum efficiency are tabulated by means of graphs which may help with the design and selection of materials for photoconductor‐based mammography detectors. Neglecting the electrical characteristics of photoconductor materials and taking into account only x‐ray interactions, it is concluded that PbO shows the strongest signal‐to‐noise ratio performance of the materials investigated in this study.
Effect of Acupuncture on Symptoms of Anxiety in Women Undergoing in Vitro Fertilisation: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Isoyama Daniela , Cordts Emerson Barchi , de Souza van Niewegen Angela Mara Bentes , de Almeida Pereira de Carvalho Waldemar , Matsumura Simone Tiemi , Barbosa Caio Parente 
Published: April 2012

Purpose To determine if acupuncture improves symptoms of anxiety in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Methods A randomised clinical trial was performed in 43 patients undergoing IVF. The patients were randomised into two groups: test group (n=22) and control group (n=21). The anxiety level of each patient was analysed before and after treatment using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAS). Treatment sessions consisted of four weekly sessions. In the test group, needles were inserted at points HT7, PC6, CV17, GV20 and Yintang. In the control group, needles were inserted in areas near but not corresponding to acupuncture points. Results The mean HAS score after the 4-week experimental period was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (19.4±3.2 vs 24.4±4.2; p=0.0008). Conclusions The results indicate that acupuncture can reduce anxiety symptoms observed by the reduction of psychological parameters of women undergoing IVF. Further evidence should be sought as to whether acupuncture might be a complementary option for patients undergoing IVF.