bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing sustainable rural tourism evaluation indicators
Authors: Park Duk‐Byeong , Yoon Yoo‐Shik 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study is to develop indicators that measure sustainable rural tourism development within a sustainable framework. It was conducted via a Delphi technique and the analytical hierarchy process method. After three rounds of discussions, the panel members reached consensus on a set of 33 indicators with four dimensions. This set of community‐based rural tourism development indicators can serve as a starting point for devising a set of indicators at the local and regional level in order to be useful rural tourism sector manager and administrators. The selected indicators are measureable, demand driven and practical to show the real performance in rural destination. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transoral Robotic Resection of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wei William I. , Ho Wai‐Kuen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTransoral robotic nasopharyngectomy was carried out for a patient who developed recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer after radiotherapy. The tumor in the left lateral wall of the nasopharynx was exposed after splitting the soft palate and a curative resection, including the medial crus of the eustachian tube was carried out under the three‐dimensional 0° camera. The operative procedure was uncomplicated, blood loss was minimal and the patient recovered smoothly. The camera of the surgical robot provided superb visualization of the operative field and the maneuverability of the robotic arms with the Endowrist design allowed adequate tumor extirpation. The morbidity associated with the procedure was minimal, and this surgical procedure can be applied for resection of small and favorably located residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer or other appropriate pathologies in the region. Laryngoscope, 2010
Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of complex midface and frontal sinus trauma
Authors: Lauder Alexander , Jalisi Scharukh , Spiegel Jeffrey , Stram John , Devaiah Anand 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Although mandible trauma has been studied extensively, there is no standard for use of pre‐ and postoperative antibiotics in other facial trauma. We sought to determine whether antibiotic strategies have an effect on infection rates.Study Design:Retrospective chart review and cohort analysis.Methods:Patients seen by the otolaryngology service for traumatic facial injuries between January 1, 2003 and January 1, 2009, were included in a retrospective cohort analysis (N = 223). All patients received perioperative antibiotic coverage. Isolated mandible fractures were excluded.Results:Patient demographics were 73% male and 27% female, with an average age of 35 years (range, 8–81 years). The most common causes of trauma were assault (39%), motor vehicle accidents (28%), and falls (11%). The overall infection rate was 9%. There was no significant difference (P = .248) between infection rates for patients in each antibiotic group (preoperative, postoperative, pre‐ and postoperative, only perioperative). Infection rate was independently correlated with both number of fractures (P < .0001) and open fracture wounds (P = .034). There was no significant difference in infection rate between patients who received only perioperative antibiotics and those who received additional antibiotics (P = .997). However, the cohort with the most antibiotic use (pre‐, peri‐, and postoperative) had more severe facial injuries than the cohort that received only perioperative antibiotics.Conclusions:The use of additional antibiotics outside the perioperative timeframe does not reduce the rate of postoperative infections; however, such antibiotic use may be warranted in cases of severe facial trauma with multiple open fracture wounds. Laryngoscope, 2010
Acute airway obstruction in cervical spinal procedures with bone morphogenetic proteins
Authors: Yaremchuk Kathleen L. , Toma Mark S. , Somers Melissa L. , Peterson Ed 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) used in anterior cervical spinal procedures causes an inflammatory response resulting in upper‐airway obstruction between postoperative days 2 to 7. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and severity of complications associated with use of BMP.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:This is a retrospective study of 260 patients who underwent cervical spinal procedures with BMP from 2004 to 2009 and a control group of 515 patients who underwent cervical spinal procedures without BMP during the same period at a tertiary care institution. The two groups were compared on hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, incidence of airway obstruction, unplanned intubations after surgery, tracheotomies, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, hoarseness, dyspnea, respiratory failure, dysphasia, dysphagia, readmissions, and need for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes.Results:Patients who underwent cervical spine procedures with BMP were noted to have significantly longer hospital stays (P = .001) and higher hospital charges (P = .001) than the control group. Tracheotomies (P = .024), unplanned intubations after surgery (P = .003), dysphagia (P = .001), dyspnea (P = .001), respiratory failure (P = .001), hospital readmissions (P = .040), ICU admissions (P = .001), and 90‐day mortality rates (P = .047) were increased for the BMP group.Conclusions:The use of BMP in anterior cervical spinal procedures results in acute airway obstruction due to an extensive soft‐tissue inflammatory reaction that is most likely to occur 2 to 7 days after surgery. The increased incidence of unplanned intubations and tracheotomies demonstrates the risk associated with BMP in cervical spinal procedures. Laryngoscope, 2010
Non‐ablative 1,550 nm fractional laser therapy versus triple topical therapy for the treatment of melasma: A randomized controlled split‐face study
Authors: Wind Bas S. , Kroon Marije W. , Meesters Arne A. , Beek Johan F. , van der Veen J.P. Wietze , Nieuweboer‐Krobotová Ludmila , Bos Jan D. , Wolkerstorfer Albert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a uichronic, often relapsing skin disorder, with poor long‐term results from all current therapies.ObjectiveTo assess efficacy and safety of non‐ablative 1,550 nm fractional laser therapy (FLT) as compared to the gold standard, triple topical therapy (TTT).Study designTwenty‐nine patients with melasma were included in a randomized controlled observer‐blinded study with split‐face design. Each side of the face was randomly allocated to either 4–5 non‐ablative FLT sessions (15 mJ/microbeam, 14–20% coverage) or TTT (hydroquinone 5%, tretinoin 0.05%, triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream). TTT was applied once daily for 15 weeks until the last FLT session. After this last treatment, patients were asked to apply TTT twice weekly on both sides of the face during follow‐up. Improvement of melasma was assessed by patient's global assessment (PGA), patient's satisfaction, physician's global assessment (PhGA), melanin index, and lightness (L‐value) at 3 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months after the last treatment.ResultsMean PGA and satisfaction were significantly lower at the FLT side (P<0.001). PhGA, melanin index, and L‐value showed a significant worsening of hyperpigmentation at the FLT side. At the TTT side, no significant change was observed. At 6 months follow‐up, most patients preferred TTT. Side effects of FLT were erythema, burning sensation, edema, and pain. Nine patients (31%) developed PIH after two or more laser sessions. Side effects of TTT were erythema, burning sensation, and scaling.ConclusionsGiven the high rate of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, non‐ablative 1,550 nm fractional laser at 15 mJ/microbeam is not recommendable in the treatment of melasma. TTT remains the gold standard treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:607–612, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and effectiveness of black tattoo clearance in a pig model after a single treatment with a novel 758 nm 500 picosecond laser: A pilot study
Authors: Izikson Leonid , Farinelli William , Sakamoto Fernanda , Tannous Zeina , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundOptimal selective photothermolysis of a pigment particle requires pulse durations equal to or less than the particle's thermal relaxation time (t½). Since tattoo particles in skin range in diameter from 40 to 300 nm, picosecond pulses would approximate t½ more closely and, therefore, might be more effective at tattoo particle fragmentation.Materials and MethodsIndia Ink (carbon) or iron oxide tattoos were placed on the back of a Yorkshire pig. Six weeks later, each tattoo was treated with either a 758 nm 500 picosecond laser (Cynosure), a 755 nm 30–50 nanoseconds laser, or left untreated. After 4 weeks, clinical responses were evaluated by three dermatologists based on pre‐ and post‐treatment photographs; histopathologic findings were evaluated by a dermatopathologist; and electron microscopic findings were analyzed for treated and non‐treated carbon tattoos.ResultsAfter a single treatment, picosecond‐domain pulses at 758 nm produced a significantly greater degree of carbon tattoo clearance compared to nanosecond‐domain pulses at 755 nm. For iron oxide tattoos, both modalities produced minimal‐to‐poor clearance that was generally comparable. Neither modality resulted in scarring, textural changes, or hypopigmentation, and there was no histopathologic evidence of scarring. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of amorphous material (treated pigment) in picosecond and nanosecond laser‐treated tattoos, consistent with effective targeting of India Ink pigment.ConclusionsThe 758 nm 500 picosecond laser is more effective at carbon tattoo clearance after one session in a porcine model than the 30–50 nanosecond laser emitting at a similar wavelength. Both lasers cleared carbon tattoos more effectively than iron oxide tattoos. Both lasers have a comparable safety profile, and neither produced clinical or histopathologic scarring. Further studies in humans are necessary to evaluate whether repeated treatments with picosecond versus nanosecond domain modalities might yield superior tattoo pigment clearance with a comparable safety profile. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:640–646, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between protoporphyrin IX photobleaching during real‐time dermatological methyl‐aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy (MAL‐PDT) and subsequent clinical outcome
Authors: Tyrrell Jessica S. , Campbell Sandra M. , Curnow Alison 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe relationship between protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) photobleaching and cellular damage during aminolevulinic (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied at the cellular level. This study assessed the capability of a non‐invasive fluorescence imaging system (Dyaderm, Biocam, Germany), to monitor changes in PpIX during real time methyl‐aminolevulinate (MAL) PDT in dermatological lesions, and thus to act as a predictive tool in terms of observed clinical outcome post‐treatment.Materials and MethodsPatients attending Royal Cornwall Hospital (Truro, UK) for MAL‐PDT to licensed lesions (actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, and basal cell carcinoma) were monitored using the pre‐validated non‐invasive fluorescence imaging system. Patients were imaged at three distinct time points: prior to the application of MAL, after the 3 hours of MAL application and immediately following light irradiation. The fluorescence intensity of the images were analysed with image analysis software and the percentage change in fluorescence during light irradiation was related to the clinical outcome observed 3 months following treatment. In total 100 patients underwent at least one session of MAL‐PDT.ResultsSignificantly higher levels of change in PpIX fluorescence during light irradiation (P<0.005) were observed in lesions undergoing complete clearance at 3 months when compared to those patients who underwent partial or no clearance. In contrast no significant difference (P>0.500) was observed in the total levels of PpIX recorded after MAL application in patients undergoing partial and complete clearance at 3 months.ConclusionsPpIX photobleaching is indicative of the level of cellular damage PDT treatment will induce and therefore the clinical outcome expected within patients. This study indicated the potential of the commercially available fluorescence imaging system investigated to predict treatment success at the time of light irradiation and in the future it may be possible to employ it to individualise treatment parameters to improve dermatological PDT efficacy/outcome. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:613–619, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micromorphology of resin–dentin interfaces using one‐bottle etch&rinse and self‐etching adhesive systems on laser‐treated dentin surfaces: A confocal laser scanning microscope analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo Tavares , Arrais Cesar Augusto Galvão , Aranha Ana Cecília , de Paula Eduardo Carlos , Miyake Katsuya , Rueggeberg Frederick Allen , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study evaluated the hybrid layer (HL) morphology created by three adhesive systems (AS) on dentin surfaces treated with Er:YAG laser using two irradiation parameters.Study DesignOcclusal flat dentin surfaces of 36 human third molars were assigned into nine groups (n = 4) according to the following ASs: one bottle etch&rinse Single Bond Plus (3M ESPE), two‐step Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray), and all‐in‐one S3 Bond (Kuraray) self‐etching, which were labeled with rhodamine B or fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran and were applied to dentin surfaces that were irradiated with Er:YAG laser at either 120 (38.7 J/cm2) or 200 mJ/pulse (64.5 J/cm2), or were applied to untreated dentin surfaces (control group). The ASs were light‐activated following MI and the bonded surfaces were restored with resin composite Z250 (3M ESPE). After 24 hours of storage in vegetable oil, the restored teeth were vertically, serially sectioned into 1‐mm thick slabs, which had the adhesive interfaces analyzed with confocal laser microscope (CLSM—LSM 510 Meta). CLSM images were recorded in the fluorescent mode from three different regions along each bonded interface.ResultsNon‐uniform HL was created on laser‐irradiated dentin surfaces regardless of laser irradiation protocol for all AS, while regular and uniform HL was observed in the control groups. “Stretch mark”‐like red lines were found within the HL as a result of resin infiltration into dentin microfissures, which were predominantly observed in 200 mJ/pulse groups regardless of AS. Poor resin infiltration into peritubular dentin was observed in most regions of adhesive interfaces created by all ASs on laser‐irradiated dentin, resulting in thin resin tags with neither funnel‐shaped morphology nor lateral resin projections.ConclusionLaser irradiation of dentin surfaces at 120 or 200 mJ/pulse resulted in morphological changes in HL and resin tags for all ASs evaluated in the study. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:662–670, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest to aid in the management of suprahepatic vena cava stenosis after liver transplantation
Authors: Gunasekaran Ganesh , Bencsath Kalman , Hupertz Vera , Fung John J. , Pettersson Gosta , Miller Charles 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for many liver diseases in the pediatric population. Complications involving late suprahepatic vena cava obstructions after liver transplantation are not common, but they tend to be more frequently seen in pediatric recipients. When such complications have occurred, approaches involving direct abdominal surgery or interventional radiology guidance have been used with satisfactory results. We present a case report of an alternative approach to a suprahepatic vena cava complication. An 18-year-old man who underwent pediatric liver transplantation for biliary atresia presented with a symptomatic total occlusion of the suprahepatic caval anastomosis that could not be crossed with a wire. We used a right atrial approach and hypothermic circulatory (cardiac) arrest. The anastomotic stricture was easily identified and excised. The postoperative course was uneventful with a rapid resolution of the symptoms. Because the occlusion was not amenable to angioplasty or stenting, a direct surgical approach was necessary. The right atrial approach with hypothermic cardiac arrest gave us direct access to the obliterated cavoatrial anastomosis through a virgin area and allowed us to avoid the difficulties and dangers of the large collaterals in the abdomen. Liver Transpl 16:1434–1436, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Novel ‘Nano in Nano’ Composites for Sustained Drug Delivery: Biodegradable Nanoparticles Encapsulated into Nanofiber Non‐Wovens
Authors: Beck‐Broichsitter Moritz , Thieme Marcel , Nguyen Juliane , Schmehl Thomas , Gessler Tobias , Seeger Werner , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas , Kissel Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNovel ‘nano in nano’ composites consisting of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles incorporated into polymer nanofibers may efficiently modulate drug delivery. This is shown here using a combination of model compound‐loaded biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulated in electrospun fibers. The dye coumarin 6 is used as model compound for a drug in order to simulate drug release from loaded poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles. Dye release from the nanoparticles occurs immediately in aqueous solution. Dye‐loaded nanoparticles which are encapsulated by electrospun polymer nanofibers display a significantly retarded release.
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Functionalization of Silk Fibroin with NeutrAvidin and Biotin
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Kaplan David L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNew methods are needed to modify silk biomaterials with bioactive molecules for tissue engineering and drug delivery. In the present study, silk fibroin in solution or in microsphere format was coupled with NeutrAvidin via carbodiimide chemistry. Silk fibroin retained its self‐assembly features after reaction. It was found that more than four NeutrAvidin molecules bound to one silk molecule. Non‐specific binding of biotin or NeutrAvidin to silk microspheres could be reduced by pre‐treatment of the microspheres with BSA or post‐treatment with detergent. The NeutrAvidin‐coupled silk microspheres were coupled with biotinylated anti‐CD3 antibody and the functionalized microspheres were able to specifically bind to the CD3 positive T‐lymphocytic cell line Jurkat.
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Thermal and Viscoelastic Features of New Nanocomposites Based on a Hot‐Melt Adhesive Polyurethane and Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Fernández Mercedes , Landa Maite , Muñoz Mª Eugenia , Santamaría Anton 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNovel nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing of MWCNTs in a hot‐melt adhesive PCL‐based polyurethane are investigated. The nucleating effect of MWCNTs and the confinement they cause to polymer chains are considered. The broadening of the glass transition is indicative of a growth of the immobilized amorphous fraction adhered to MWCNTs. In the molten state the formation of a combined polymer/MWCNT network is observed. Practical requisites of hot melt adhesives, such as adequate melting temperature, crystallization degree, and viscosity are preserved when MWCNTs are added. Improvement of strength at room temperature and welding rate during cooling, are observed.
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Morphology, Electrical, and Rheological Properties of Silane‐Modified Silver Nanowire/Polymer Composites
Authors: Yu Yi‐Hsiuan , Ma Chen‐Chi M. , Yuen Siu‐Ming , Teng Chih‐Chun , Huang Yuan‐Li , Wang Ikai , Wei Ming‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractElectrically conducting films containing AgNws, hydrophilic and hydrophobic resins were prepared. FT‐IR reveals that the interface between the AgNws and epoxy could be successfully modified by APTES. XPS shows that the AgNws were attracted by hydrogen bonds of NH2and NH groups after APTES modification. SEM analysis shows that the AgNws were well dispersed in the resin. The AgNws were also blended with hydrophilic and acrylic resins, and the resulting blends were compared with AgNws/epoxy blends. Results show that AgNw/PVA‐resin films possess the lowest surface electrical resistance. The AgNw/PVA‐resin and silane‐modified AgNw/epoxy resin conductive films possess a similar electrical percolation threshold.magnified image
Surface Modification of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fibers
Authors: Chirowodza Helen , Sanderson Ronald D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe surfaces of PVA fibers prepared by in situ fibrillation were modified by first crosslinking using glyoxal and then attaching cationic and anionic groups by grafting. Crosslinking prior to modification was beneficial in minimizing the solubility of the fibers in the aqueous medium in which they were modified. Heterogeneous modification techniques were employed so that fiber properties could be preserved. PAA and PDMC were grafted from the PVA microfibrils using the KPS/NaS2O3 redox initiating system. Grafting was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The modified PVA fibers were also analyzed by DSC, TGA, and SEM.
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Design, Preparation and Characterization of Self‐Reinforced Starch Films through Chemical Modification
Authors: Lan Cao , Yu Long , Chen Pei , Chen Ling , Zou Wei , Simon George , Zhang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new technique for design and preparation of self‐reinforced starch films is introduced. The films were based on a high‐amylose corn starch that was chemically modified in different ways. Hydroxypropylation was used to decrease gelatinization temperature and improve processability. The reinforcing component consisted of cross‐linked starch granules, where the crosslinking increased granule thermal stability and moisture resistance. Distribution of the cross‐linked starch was imaged by CLSM, and the matrix/particle interface was studied by SEM. Modulus and tensile properties of the starch film were increased by about 30 and 20%, respectively, after addition of rigid cross‐linked starch particles. A perfect interface between matrix and reinforce agent was obtained.
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Changes in the Inter‐ and Intra‐ Fibrillar Structure of Lyocell (TENCEL®) Fibers after KOH Treatment
Authors: Öztürk Hale Bahar , Abu‐Rous Mohammad , MacNaughtan Bill , Schuster K. Christian , Mitchell John R. , Bechtold Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLyocell fibers were treated with KOH up to 8 M which was demonstrated to distribute homogeneously at the outer zones of fiber cross section compared to NaOH which accesses more deeply but less homogenously. Both NaOH and KOH solutions can be used to lower significantly the fibrillation of lyocell fibers. However, due to intrafibrillar swelling together with deep penetration ability of alkali seen for NaOH treatments results in great fiber tensile strength loss which is not observed for KOH treatments due to its inability to penetrate the fiber completely. The porous structure of fibers was studied by inverse size exclusion chromatography (ISEC) to identify mean pore diameter, total pore area and accessible pore volume (APV). Mean pore diameter of fibers decreased after KOH treatments which did not change after NaOH treatments. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction analyses (WAXD) were applied to identify the crystallinity index and crystallite size. In general, fiber properties such as water retention value, carboxyl content using methylene blue sorption method, depth of color measured after dyeing with C.I. Direct Red 81 and weight loss were distinctly different in the ranges up to 2 M, 2‐5 M and 5 to 8 M KOH. KOH treatment suggests new possibilities for the pretreatment of lyocell fibers to lower fibrillation while slightly lowering elongation at break without a distinct loss in tensile strength and with less decrease in carboxyl content and weight loss without changing dyeing properties of fibers compared to NaOH treatment.