bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platform envelopment
Authors: Eisenmann Thomas , Parker Geoffrey , Van Alstyne Marshall 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDue to network effects and switching costs in platform markets, entrants generally must offer revolutionary functionality to win substantial market share. We explore a second entry path that does not rely upon Schumpeterian innovation: platform envelopment. Through envelopment, a provider in one platform market can enter another platform market, and combine its own functionality with that of the target in a multi‐platform bundle that leverages shared user relationships. Envelopers capture market share by foreclosing an incumbent's access to users; in doing so, they harness the network effects that previously had protected the incumbent. We present a typology of envelopment attacks based on whether platform pairs are complements, weak substitutes, or functionally unrelated and we analyze conditions under which these attack types are likely to succeed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rivalry within strategic groups and consequences for performance: the firm‐size effects
Authors: Mas‐Ruiz Francisco , Ruiz‐Moreno Felipe 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOur study examines how, in a given industry, rivalry functions within strategic groups defined according to the size of their member firms and how this rivalry affects performance. We hypothesize that, owing to several forms of group‐level effects including market power, efficiency, differentiation, and multimarket contact, strategic groups that comprise smaller firms will exhibit both increased rivalry and decreased performance compared with strategic groups that comprise larger firms. We test our hypotheses by estimating the effect of group‐level strategic interactions (i.e., conjectural variations) on firm performance. Ultimately, our analysis of empirical data on loans in the Spanish banking industry demonstrates that increased rivalry and decreased performance indeed characterizes firms belonging to a strategic group that comprises smaller firms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Fischer Utz , Englbrecht Clemens , Chari Ashwin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractVirtually, all eukaryotic mRNAs are synthesized as precursor molecules that need to be extensively processed in order to serve as a blueprint for proteins. The three most prevalent processing steps are the capping reaction at the 5′‐end, the removal of intervening sequences by splicing, and the formation of poly (A)‐tails at the 3′‐end of the message by polyadenylation. A large number of proteins and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs) interact with the mRNA and enable the different maturation steps. This chapter focuses on the biogenesis of snRNPs, the major components of the pre‐mRNA splicing machinery (spliceosome). A large body of evidence has revealed an intricate and segmented pathway for the formation of snRNPs that involves nucleo‐cytoplasmic transport events and elaborates assembly strategies. We summarize the knowledge about the different steps with an emphasis on trans‐acting factors of snRNP maturation of higher eukaryotes. WIREs RNA 2011 2 718–731 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.87This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Updated database for L x‐ray production by protons and extraction of L‐subshell ionization cross sections from only Lγ and Lα + Lβ cross sections
Authors: Lapicki Gregory , Miranda Javier 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDatabase from pre‐1995 compilations of L x‐ray production and ionization by protons is enlarged by 53% with the present update. Semiempirical formulas for Lγ and Lαβ are developed and used to extract L1, L2, and L3 subshell ionization cross sections. The extracted ionization cross sections are shown for a sample of elements and compared with the database ionization cross sections in gold. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PIXE characterisation of prehistoric pigments from Abri Pataud (Dordogne, France)
Authors: Beck L. , Lebon M. , Pichon L. , Menu M. , Chiotti L. , Nespoulet R. , Paillet P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAbri Pataud is a prehistoric rock‐shelter now largely collapsed. Archaeological excavations have revealed more than 40 settlements between 35 000 and 20 000 years ago corresponding to the first half of Upper Palaeolithic (Aurignacian, Gravettian and Solutrean archaeological cultures). During the excavations, remains of painted rock flakes coming from the collapsed shelter walls, painted objects, ochre pencils as well as raw pigments were found in archaeological levels. After preliminary non‐destructive investigation of the samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction, non‐destructive analyses were performed by ion beam analysis (IBA). In this paper, PIXE results obtained on red pigment material are reported. Minor and trace elements were used to compare pigments present on the decorated rock flakes or on painted objects, with raw pigment materials discovered in the same archaeological site. PIXE results provide new data for the interpretation of the Abri Pataud prehistoric site. This study confirms the ability of PIXE to characterize prehistoric pigments and to discriminate possible sources on the basis of the trace elements associated with the iron oxide phase. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depth profiling techniques: how PIXE compares to NRP and MEIS?
Authors: Dos Santos C. E. I. , Shubeita S. M. , Amaral L. , Grande P. L. , Dias J. F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to check the potentialities of particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) as an analytical tool for measurement of ultra‐thin film thicknesses in the nanometer scale. To that end, several different thin oxide films (HfO2, LaScO3, LaAlO3 and Al2O3) in the range of 2–60 nm were grown on crystalline Si. Film thickness measurements using 2.0 and 0.4 MeV proton PIXE, 40 and 200 keV proton medium energy ion scattering (MEIS), and 991.9 keV proton nuclear reaction profiling (NRP) were compared. For the simple target structures studied in this work, the results indicate that PIXE provides thicknesses compatible to those obtained with NRP and MEIS. However, PIXE analysis proved to be difficult in some cases, particularly when close‐by elements with overlapping X‐ray peaks are involved. For such cases, MEIS and NRP present clear advantages over PIXE. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PIXE analysis of Middle European 18th and 19th century glass seals
Authors: Simon Alíz , Matiskainen Heikki , Uzonyi Imre , Csedreki László , Szikszai Zita , Kertész Zsófia , Räisänen Jyrki , Kiss Árpád Z. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractParticle‐induced X‐ray emission method was applied for the determination of light and heavy elemental composition of archaeological glass seals. Quantitative information on the major, minor and trace elements and their correlations in respect of the raw materials which were used for the glass manufacturing are discussed. Although the differences of the elemental concentrations between the seals originating from different glassworks were small, discriminant analysis enabled the separation of glassworks to an extent which makes future provenance studies feasible. The need of supplementary use of energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and proton‐induced gamma‐ray emission for the glass samples was also investigated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The identification of plaggen soils using external beam microPIXE analysis
Authors: Grime Geoffrey W. , Guttmann‐Bond Erika 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPlaggen soils are man‐made agricultural soils which were created in historical times by using peat or turf as animal bedding. This bedding was then spread onto fields to create a rich and unusually deep topsoil. The plaggen system was used in Northern Europe from the Middle Ages up to, in some cases, the 1960s. Plaggen soils can be difficult to distinguish from soils which have simply had manure added, and in this paper we report the use of Proton Induced X‐Ray Emission (PIXE) to investigate the levels of nutrient elements, particularly phosphorus, in soils from a farm in Shetland which is known to have used plaggen soils until 1967. Elemental maps obtained in air using the University of Surrey External Beam system allow us to identify peat fragments which contain significantly elevated levels of phosphorus relative to fresh peat and relative to the surrounding soil matrix. A further finding is that the peat fragments also contain elevated levels of bromine which can be used to distinguish plaggened peat from manure. This technique will be applied to a study of the origins of the plaggen method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PIXE analysis of a murine solid tumor treated with proton therapy combined with cisplatin
Authors: Terakawa A. , Ishii K. , Yamazaki H. , Matsuyama S. , Kikuchi Y. , Ito Y. , Tagawa A. , Yasunaga S. , Kawamura T. , Takahashi Y. , Hatori Y. , Hamada N. , Fujiki K. , Ito N. , Wada S. , Funaki Y. , Sera K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPlatinum concentration in a murine solid tumor treated with proton therapy combined with the platinum‐based chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin [cis‐diamminedichloro‐platinum(II) (CDDP)] was investigated with conventional and submilli‐PIXE (particle‐induced X‐ray emission) analyses. An enhanced therapeutic effect on tumor growth was observed in NFSa fibrosarcoma tumors in mice when proton therapy with a single dose of 30 Gy and CDDP treatment (10 mg/kg) were combined. The conventional PIXE analysis based on an internal standard method showed that the platinum concentration was 2.6 ± 0.3 µg/g for the tumor samples excised from the mice 6 h after the CDDP administration. The submilli‐PIXE analysis of the tumor sections showed that spatial distribution of CDDP may be more or less uniform in the tumor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CEACAM1 Cytoplastic Expression is Closely Related to Tumor Angiogenesis and Poorer Relapse‐free Survival After Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Jiankang , Yang Yongmei , Ma Chao , Zhang Guangyong , Wang Kexin , Hu Sanyuan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) and its effects on tumor angiogenesis and relapse‐free survival (RFS) after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsExpression of CEACAM1 and CD34 was immunohistochemically detected in HCC specimens from 97 patients. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by counting CD34‐positive endothelial cells. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the effects of CEACAM1 on clinicopathologic factors, tumor angiogenesis, and RFS.ResultsCEACAM1 expression was detected in 91 HCC specimens; 53 cases showed membranous expression and 38 cases showed cytoplastic expression. CEACAM1 cytoplastic expression was significantly associated with tumor size, number of tumors, vascular invasion, satellite nodules, Edmondson–Steiner grade, TNM stage, and MVD (p < 0.05 for all). Moreover, CEACAM1 cytoplastic expression was significantly associated with poorer RFS. The 3‐year RFS of patients with CEACAM1 cytoplastic expression was significantly lower than that of those with CEACAM1 membranous expression (26.3 vs. 52.8%, p = 0.005). Cox analysis revealed that CEACAM1 cytoplastic expression was an independent prognostic factor for 3‐year RFS (p = 0.031).ConclusionCEACAM1 expression was common in HCC, and CEACAM1 cytoplastic expression was closely associated with tumor progression, angiogenesis, and poorer RFS, indicating that cytoplastic CEACAM1 might be a predictor of relapsing phenotype and a possible novel target of antiangiogenic therapy for patients with HCC.
Hmong Mental Health Needs Assessment: A Community‐Based Partnership in a Small Mid‐Western Community
Authors: Collier Ann Futterman , Munger Martha , Moua Yong Kay 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe overall goal of this assessment was to verify the mental health needs of Hmong living in a mid‐west community in order clarify the format, content, and feasibility of providing mental health services for Hmong in the future. Using a Community‐Based Participatory Research (CBPR) model, we held four focus groups with 36 men, women, adolescents and professionals, all of Hmong descent, as well as interviewed 28 individual medical, mental health, education, and social service providers in the Eau Claire community. Our Hmong sample was frequently unclear about what “mental” health meant, indicating a low level of mental health literacy. Results confirmed that there are significant mental health needs in this refugee and immigrant population. Participants described problems consistent with depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, and severe social stress and acculturation difficulties in every generation. Elder people and male adolescents were described as the most disaffected and in need of immediate services. It will be critical to address mental health literacy before designing future interventions. Treatment suggestions were provided with the intention of removing barriers and incorporating culturally sensitive methodologies, while continuing to work closely with our local mental health providers and Hmong leadership.
Long‐term population dynamics in a Mediterranean aquatic snake
Authors: Luiselli Luca , Madsen Thomas , Capizzi Dario , Rugiero Lorenzo , Pacini Nic , Capula Massimo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA review of several long‐term studies has recently suggested that snakes might be declining in large parts of the world. Additional data from other long‐term studies are therefore urgently needed in order to assess the generalities of such suggested declines. Based on a 20‐year study, we analyzed demographic data on adult dice snakes (Natrix tessellata) studied in central Italy between 1985 and 2004. Both male and female dice snakes were relatively long‐lived, with no significant differences in longevity between the sexes. Individual males and females were observed over a maximum of 10 and 14 years, respectively. However, the among‐year recapture rates between the year the snakes were initially captured and the subsequent year (i.e., year 1 to year 2) was significantly lower (45%) than the among‐year recapture rates during subsequent years (74%; i.e., year 2 to year 3), suggesting that a large proportion of the snakes at first capture were in fact not resident within our study area, and hence many snakes were migrating in and out of our 2‐km stream study site, with no inter‐sexual difference in dispersal rates. Sex ratio was virtually equal if we consider the study period as a whole. Significant annual fluctuations were, however, observed through the study. In 1985–1990, 1993–1995, 1998 and 1999 the sex ratio was male‐biased, whereas in 2000–2004 female‐biased. In terms of both survival and recapture probabilities, model selection showed that Akaike's information criterion favored the model incorporating body size, with the model incorporating year having an intermediate likelihood, and the model with sex included being the most disfavored. Total population number estimates suggest an average 86 adult individuals along the 2 km of stream with only minor annual variations. However, a significant decrease in the number of males occurred during the last 6 years of our study. Thus, further monitoring of this population is warranted in light of the decline of snake populations reported recently.
Morphological development of dendritic spines on rat cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Velázquez‐Zamora D.A. , Martínez‐Degollado M. , González‐Burgos I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe posterior cerebellum is strongly involved in motor coordination and its maturation parallels the development of motor control. Climbing and mossy fibers from the spinal cord and inferior olivary complex, respectively, provide excitatory afferents to cerebellar Purkinje neurons. From post‐natal day 19 climbing fibers form synapses with thorn‐like spines located on the lower primary and secondary dendrites of Purkinje cells. By contrast, mossy fibers transmit synaptic information to Purkinje cells trans‐synaptically through granule cells. This communication occurs via excitatory synapses between the parallel fibers of granule cells and spines on the upper dendritic branchlets of Purkinje neurons that are first evident at post‐natal day 21. Dendritic spines influence the transmission of synaptic information through plastic changes in their distribution, density and geometric shape, which may be related to cerebellar maturation. Thus, spine density and shape was studied in the upper dendritic branchlets of rat Purkinje cells, at post‐natal days 21, 30 and 90. At 90 days the number of thin, mushroom and thorn‐like spines was greater than at 21 and 30 days, while the filopodia, stubby and wide spines diminished. Thin and mushroom spines are associated with increased synaptic strength, suggesting more efficient transmission of synaptic impulses than stubby or wide spines. Hence, the changes found suggest that the development of motor control may be closely linked to the distinct developmental patterns of dendritic spines on Purkinje cells, which has important implications for future studies of cerebellar dysfunctions.
Health‐related quality of life in patients undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Hsueh Li‐Na , Shi Hon‐Yi , Wang Tsai‐Fan , Chang Chiung‐Ying , Lee King‐Teh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis large‐scale prospective cohort study of a Taiwan population applied generalized estimating equations to evaluate predictors of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after open cholecystectomy (OC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) procedures performed between February 2007 and November 2008. The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Short Form‐36 were used in a preoperative assessment and in 3rd month and 6th month postoperative assessments of 38 OC and 259 LC patients. The HRQOL of the cholecystectomy patients were significantly improved at 3 months and 6 months postsurgery (p < 0.05). At 3 months postsurgery, HRQOL improvement was significantly larger in LC patients than in OC patients. Patient characteristics, clinical characteristics, and health care quality were also significantly related to HRQOL improvement (p < 0.05). Additionally, after controlling for related variables, preoperative health status was significantly and positively associated with each subscale of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Short Form‐36 throughout the 6 months (p < 0.05). Patients should be advised that their postoperative HRQOL may depend not only on their postoperative health care but also on their preoperative functional status.
Metabolic effects of signal transduction inhibition in cancer assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Moestue Siver Andreas , Engebraaten Olav , Gribbestad Ingrid Susann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDespite huge efforts in development of drugs targeting oncogenic signalling, the number of such drugs entering clinical practice to date remains limited. Rational use of biomarkers for drug candidate selection and early monitoring of response to therapy may accelerate this process. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to assess metabolic effects of drug treatment both in vivo and in vitro, and technological advances are continuously increasing the utility of this non‐invasive method. In this review, we summarise the use of MRS for monitoring the effect of targeted anticancer drugs, and discuss the potential role of MRS in the context of personalised cancer treatment.
Geschlecht und Gesundheit
Authors: Hurrelmann Klaus , Quenzel Gudrun 
Published: April 2011

Einleitung
Nach wie vor werden geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Gesundheitswahrnehmung, den gesundheitlichen Risikofaktoren und den Krankheitsverläufen häufig unterschätzt. In den Gesundheitswissenschaften gibt es seit Langem Bemühungen, die insgesamt beträchtlichen Unterschiede im Gesundheitszustand und in der Lebenserwartung von Männern und Frauen zu erklären. Hierzu werden sowohl medizinische als auch sozialwissenschaftliche Ansätze herangezogen.
Geschlecht und psychische Störungen
Authors: Möller-Leimkühler Anne Maria 
Published: April 2011

Einleitung
Psychische Störungen sind komplexe, multifaktoriell bedingte Erkrankungen, von denen etwa jeder dritte erwachsene Deutsche im Laufe eines Jahres betroffen ist. Sie gehören zu den häufigsten und kostenintensivsten Erkrankungen, insbesondere Angsterkrankungen und Depressionen, die seit den 1990er Jahren zunehmend zu Fehlzeiten, stationären Behandlungen und Frühberentungen führen. Während die Lebenszeitprävalenz psychischer Störungen von Frauen und Männern insgesamt etwa gleich hoch ist, zeigen sich erhebliche Prävalenzunterschiede bei einzelnen psychischen Störungen.
Geschlechtsspezifische genetische Effekte bei komplexen Erkrankungen
Authors: Heid Iris M. , Rehli Michael , Kronenberg Florian 
Published: April 2011

Einleitung
„Männer kommen vom Mars und Frauen von der Venus“. Was hinreichend humorigen Gesprächsstoff liefert, besitzt einen medizinisch und gesundheitswissenschaftlich relevanten Hintergrund. Viele Erkrankungen weisen deutliche Geschlechtsunterschiede in Prävalenz, Entstehungsalter oder Schweregrad auf. So tritt Herzinsuffizienz bei Männern häufiger und in eher jüngeren Jahren auf (Regitz-Zagrosek et al., 2010), um nur ein klassisches Beispiel zu nennen. Woher kommen diese Unterschiede? Welcher Anteil dieser Unterschiede ist vererbt, wie viel ist erworben?
Brief interventions in routine health care: a population‐based study of conversations about alcohol in Sweden
Authors: Nilsen Per , McCambridge Jim , Karlsson Nadine , Bendtsen Preben 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To investigate how brief alcohol interventions are delivered in routine practice in the Swedish health‐care system.Design, setting and participants  A cross‐sectional sample of 6000 individuals representative of the adult population aged 18–64 years registered in the Swedish total population register was drawn randomly. Data were collected in 2010 by means of a mail questionnaire. The response rate was 54%.Measurements  The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions, of which 15 variables were extracted for use in this study. Whether alcohol had been discussed and the duration, contents, experiences and effects of any conversations about alcohol, as reported by patients themselves, were assessed.Findings  Sixty‐six per cent of the respondents had visited health‐care services in the past 12 months and 20% of these had had one or more conversations about alcohol during these visits (13% of the population aged 18–64 years). The duration of the conversations was generally brief, with 94% taking less than 5 minutes, and were not experienced as problematic. The duration, contents, experiences and effects of these conversations generally varied between abstainers, moderate, hazardous and excessive drinkers. Twelve per cent of those having a conversation about alcohol reported that it led to reduced alcohol consumption. Reduced alcohol consumption was more likely when conversations lasted for 1–10 minutes rather than less than 1 minute and included advice on how to reduce consumption.Conclusions  Population survey data in Sweden suggest that when health‐care professionals give brief advice to reduce alcohol consumption, greater effects are observed when the advice is longer and includes advice on how to achieve it.