bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the patient on hemodialysis resilience scale
Authors: Özdemir Eler Çiğdem , Kav Sultan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the hemodialysis resilience scale (PHRS) in the Turkish population.MethodsA cross‐sectional methodologic study involved 136 hemodialysis patients at two dialysis centers affiliated with a foundation university in Turkey. The updated guidelines for the Intercultural Scale Adaptation Stages, Language, and Culture Adaptation were followed.ResultsCronbach's α of the PHRS‐Tr was 0.94. A three‐factor structure was extracted, namely “the pursuit of positive meaning in the present,” “building the will to live through close human relationships,” and “acceptance of hemodialysis as a part of daily life” explaining 66.82% of the total variance. Test–retest reliability was conducted with 50 patients within the sample 2 weeks after the first application. The correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was r = 0.680.ConclusionThe study results indicate that the PHRS‐Tr is a valid and reliable tool for assessing resilience status in Turkish hemodialysis patients.
Evaluation of the impact of overlapping upper gastrointestinal symptoms on the clinical characteristics of patients with functional constipation, along with risk factor analysis
Authors: Zhu Feng , Li Fei , Lyu Mei Hui , Feng Ben Chang , Lin Lin , Tang Yu Rong , Qian Dong , Yu Ting 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesFunctional constipation (FC), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is usually overlapping with upper gastrointestinal symptoms (UGS). We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with FC overlapping UGS along with the related risk factors.MethodsThe differences in the severity of constipation symptoms, psychological state, quality of life (QoL), anorectal motility and perception function, autonomic function, and the effect of biofeedback therapy (BFT) among patients with FC in different groups were analyzed, along with the risk factors of overlapping UGS.ResultsCompared with patients with FC alone, those with FC overlapping UGS had higher scores in the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms and Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale and lower scores in the Short Form‐36 health survey (P < 0.05). Patients with FC overlapping UGS also had lower rectal propulsion, more negative autonomic nervous function, and worse BFT efficacy (P < 0.05). Overlapping UGS, especially overlapping functional dyspepsia, considerably affected the severity of FC. Logistic regression model showed that age, body mass index (BMI), anxiety, exercise, and sleep quality were independent factors influencing overlapping UGS in patients with FC.ConclusionsOverlapping UGS reduces the physical and mental health and the QoL of patients with FC. It also increases the difficulty in the treatment of FC. Patient's age, BMI, anxiety, physical exercise, and sleep quality might be predictors for FC overlapping UGS.
Lower resting state functional connectivity partially mediates adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on arithmetic performance in children
Authors: Fan Jia , Woods Keri J. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Taylor Paul A. , Toich Jadrana T. F. , Molteno Christopher D. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Meintjes Ernesta M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include a range of neurocognitive and behavioral impairments resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Among the PAE‐related cognitive deficits, number processing is particularly affected. This study examines alterations in number processing networks and whether changes in functional connectivity mediate the adverse effects of PAE on arithmetic performance.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired in 57 children (mean (SD) age = 11.3 (+0.9) yr), 38 with FASD (19 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS (PFAS), 19 heavily exposed (HE)) and 19 controls. Whole‐brain correlation analyses were performed from five seeds located in regions involved in number processing.ResultsChildren with FAS/PFAS showed dose‐dependent reductions in resting state functional connectivity between the seed in the right (R) posterior superior parietal lobule and a cluster in the left (L) inferior frontal gyrus, and between a seed in the R horizontal intraparietal sulcus and clusters in the R precentral gyrus and L cerebellar lobule VI. HE children showed lower resting state functional connectivity in a subset of these regions. Lower functional connectivity in the two fronto‐parietal connections partially mediated the adverse effects of PAE on arithmetic performance.ConclusionThis study demonstrates PAE‐related functional connectivity impairments in functional networks involved in number processing. The weaker connectivity between the R posterior superior parietal lobule and the L inferior frontal gyrus suggests that impaired verbal processing and visuospatial working memory may play a role in number processing deficits, while weaker connectivity between the R intraparietal sulcus and the R precentral gyrus points to poorer finger‐based numerical representation, which has been linked to arithmetic computational skills.
Harm from the drinking of people you know: A range of effects from different relationships
Authors: Laslett Anne‐Marie , Anderson‐Luxford Dan , Willoughby Bree , Room Robin , Doran Chris , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Jenkinson Rebecca , Smit Koen , Jiang Heng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsTo describe the range of effects experienced due to the drinking of people respondents know and analyze risk and protective factors for harm from the drinking of partners and household members, other relatives and friends and co‐workers.Design, setting and participantsSurveys of 2574 participants' experiences were obtained from two samples: 1000 people responded to random digitally dialled Australian mobile calls and 1574 participants responded from the Life in AustraliaTM panel survey.MeasurementsRespondents were asked whether they had been negatively affected in the previous 12 months by the drinking of persons they knew who were ‘a heavy drinker or drank a lot sometimes’ and the nature of these harms. Weighted logistic regressions were used to analyze differences in rates of key negative outcomes from known others' drinking by gender, age and socio‐economic status.FindingsAlmost two thirds [60.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 57.7%–62.7%] of participants reported having heavy drinkers in their lives and 21.8% (95% CI = 19.8%–23.9%) reported being negatively affected by the drinking of people they knew well in some way. Participants reported a gamut of effects, including, most commonly, adverse social effects: having to transport relatives and friends who had been drinking, role failure and faults, being emotionally hurt or neglected, serious arguments, family problems, having to care for drinkers and verbal abuse. Less commonly, respondents reported physical or sexual harm, property damage, financial stress and threats from others' drinking. Women (odds ratio = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.13–1.95), younger people, rural, Australian‐born (vs. respondents born overseas in non‐English speaking countries) and more frequent drinkers were more likely to report harm from a drinker they knew than their counterparts after adjusting for other variables in the model.ConclusionsAustralians appear to be commonly adversely affected by the drinking of people they know. Harms from known drinkers are more likely to be experienced by women than men, particularly from the people they live with and other relatives.
Nicotine inhalant via E‐cigarette facilitates sensorimotor function recovery by upregulating neuronal BDNF–TrkB signalling in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Li Xiaojing , Li Wenxi , Duong Tiffany , Wang Hongxia , Kleschevnikova Natalia , Patel Hemal H. , Breen Ellen , Powell Susan , Wang Shanshan , Head Brian P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes lifelong physical and psychological dysfunction in affected individuals. The current study investigated the effects of chronic nicotine exposure via E‐cigarettes (E‐cig) (vaping) on TBI‐associated behavioural and biochemical changes.Experimental ApproachAdult C57/BL6J male mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) followed by daily exposure to E‐cig vapour for 6 weeks. Sensorimotor functions, locomotion, and sociability were subsequently evaluated by nesting, open field, and social approach tests, respectively. Immunoblots were conducted to examine the expression of mature brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and associated downstream proteins (p‐Erk, p‐Akt). Histological analyses were performed to evaluate neuronal survival and neuroinflammation.Key ResultsPost‐injury chronic nicotine exposure significantly improved nesting performance in CCI mice. Histological analysis revealed increased survival of cortical neurons in the perilesion cortex with chronic nicotine exposure. Immunoblots revealed that chronic nicotine exposure significantly up‐regulated mBDNF, p‐Erk and p‐Akt expression in the perilesion cortex of CCI mice. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that elevated mBDNF and p‐Akt expression were mainly localized within cortical neurons. Immunolabelling of Iba1 demonstrated that chronic nicotine exposure attenuated microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation.Conclusions and ImplicationsPost‐injury chronic nicotine exposure via vaping facilitates recovery of sensorimotor function by upregulating neuroprotective mBDNF/TrkB/Akt/Erk signalling. These findings suggest potential neuroprotective properties of nicotine despite its highly addictive nature. Thus, understanding the multifaceted effects of chronic nicotine exposure on TBI‐associated symptoms is crucial for paving the way for informed and properly managed therapeutic interventions.
Biocultural heritage of the Caatinga: a systematic review of Myrtaceae and its multiple uses
Authors: Santos‐Neves P. S. , Bezerra‐Silva Alexsandro , Gomes Maria Thereza Dantas , A. C. A. Fagundes , M. I. U. Oliveira , Voeks Robert A. , E. M. Costa Neto , Funch Ligia Silveira 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome, stands as a reservoir of remarkable biodiversity. Its significance transcends ecological dimensions, given the direct reliance of the local population on its resources for sustenance and healthcare. While Myrtaceae, a pivotal botanical family within the Brazilian flora, has been extensively explored for its medicinal and nutritional attributes, scant attention has been directed towards its contextual relevance within the Caatinga's local communities. Consequently, this inaugural systematic review addresses the ethnobotanical roles of Myrtaceae within the Caatinga, meticulously anchored in the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Scopus, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scielo, and LILIACS. No date‐range filter was applied. An initial pool of 203 articles was carefully scrutinized, ultimately yielding 31 pertinent ethnobotanical studies elucidating the utility of Myrtaceae amongst the Caatinga's indigenous populations. Collectively, they revealed seven distinct utilization categories spanning ~54 species and 11 genera. Psidium and Eugenia were the genera with the most applications. The most cited categories of use were food (27 species) and medicinal (22 species). The importance of accurate species identification was highlighted, as many studies did not provide enough information for reliable identification. Additionally, the potential contribution of Myrtaceae fruits to food security and human health was explored. The diversity of uses demonstrates how this family is a valuable resource for local communities, providing sources of food, medicine, energy, and construction materials. This systematic review also highlights the need for more ethnobotanical studies to understand fully the relevance of Myrtaceae species in the Caatinga, promoting biodiversity conservation, as well as support for local populations.
The role of prediction error in the development of language learning and memory
Authors: Kray Jutta , Sommerfeld Linda , Borovsky Arielle , Häuser Katja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrediction error plays a pivotal role in theories of learning, including theories of language acquisition and use. Researchers have investigated whether and under which conditions children, like adults, use prediction to facilitate language comprehension at different levels of linguistic representation. However, many aspects of the reciprocal relation between prediction error and the development of language learning remain unclear. In this article, we review studies in language development that can inform us about the role of prediction error in updating, learning, and retrieving linguistic information. We argue that the study of individual differences in linguistic and cognitive skills will help the field understand more thoroughly whether, when, and why prediction aids language learning, and whether prediction error necessarily results in language learning and retrieval from memory. We close with a discussion of the needs and challenges for researchers to answer these questions.
PhysOM: Physarum polycephalum Oriented Microstructures
Authors: Garnier David‐Henri , Schmidt M. P. , Rohmer Damien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiological shapes possess fascinating properties and behaviours that are the result of emergent mechanisms: they can evolve over time, dynamically adapt to changes in their environment, while also exhibiting interesting mechanical properties and aesthetic appeal. In this work, we bring and extend an existing biological‐inspired model of the Physarum polycephalum, aka the blob, to the field of computer graphics, in order to design porous organic‐like microstructures that resemble natural foam‐like cells or filament‐like patterns with variable local properties. In contrast to approaches based on static global optimization that provides only limited expressivity over the result, our method allows precise control over the local orientation of 3D patterns, relative cell extension and precise infill of shapes with well defined boundaries. To this end, we extend the classical agent‐based model for Physarum to fill an arbitrary domain with local anisotropic behaviour. We further provide a detailed analysis of the model parameters, contributing to the understanding of the system behaviour. The method is fast, parallelizable and scalable to large volumes and compatible with user interaction, allowing a designer to guide the structure, erase parts and observe its evolution in real‐time. Overall, our method provides a versatile and efficient means of generating intricate organic microstructures that have potential applications in fields such as additive manufacturing, design or biological representation and engineering.
Effects of the selective AMPA modulator NBI‐1065845 on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam or ethinyl estradiol–levonorgestrel in healthy adults
Authors: Lin Swan , Ionescu Adrian , Maynard‐Scott Jessica , Kennedy Mike , Walling David P. , Furey Maura , Singh Jaskaran B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis parallel‐arm, phase I study investigated the potential cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A induction effect of NBI‐1065845 (TAK‐653), an investigational α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor potentiator in phase II development for major depressive disorder. The midazolam treatment arm received the sensitive CYP3A substrate midazolam on Day 1, followed by NBI‐1065845 alone on Days 5–13; on Day 14, NBI‐1065845 was administered with midazolam, then NBI‐1065845 alone on Day 15. The oral contraceptive treatment arm received ethinyl estradiol–levonorgestrel on Day 1, then NBI‐1065845 alone on Days 5–13; on Day 14, NBI‐1065845 was administered with ethinyl estradiol–levonorgestrel, then NBI‐1065845 alone on Days 15–17. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analyses. The midazolam treatment arm comprised 14 men and 4 women, of whom 16 completed the study. Sixteen of the 17 healthy women completed the oral contraceptive treatment arm. After multiple daily doses of NBI‐1065845, the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) (90% confidence interval) for maximum observed concentration were: midazolam, 0.94 (0.79–1.13); ethinyl estradiol, 1.00 (0.87–1.15); and levonorgestrel, 0.99 (0.87–1.13). For area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to infinity, the GMRs were as follows: midazolam, 0.88 (0.78–0.98); and ethinyl estradiol, 1.01 (0.88–1.15). For levonorgestrel, the GMR for AUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration was 0.87 (0.78–0.96). These findings indicate that NBI‐1065845 is not a CYP3A inducer and support its administration with CYP3A substrates. NBI‐1065845 was generally well tolerated, with no new safety signals observed after coadministration of midazolam, ethinyl estradiol, or levonorgestrel.
Concentration‐QTc modeling of sitravatinib in patients with advanced solid malignancies
Authors: Dickinson Adam , Liu Yong , Uvarov Artem , Peyret Thomas , Marier J. F. , Chin Curtis , Tran Jonathan Q. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSitravatinib (MGCD516) is an orally available, small molecule, tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumors. Concentration‐corrected QT interval (QTc; C‐QTc) modeling was undertaken, using 767 matched concentration‐ECG observations from 187 patients across two clinical studies in patients with advanced solid malignancies, across a dose range of 10–200 mg, via a linear mixed‐effects (LME) model. The effect on heart rate (HR)‐corrected QT interval via Fridericia's correction method (QTcF) at the steady‐state maximum concentration (Cmax,ss) for the sitravatinib proposed therapeutic dosing regimen (100 mg malate once daily [q.d.]) without and with relevant intrinsic and extrinsic factors were predicted. No significant changes in HR from baseline were observed. Hysteresis between sitravatinib plasma concentration and change in QTcF from baseline (ΔQTcF) was not observed. There was no significant relationship between sitravatinib plasma concentration and ΔQTcF. The final C‐QTc model predicted a mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) ΔQTcF of 3.92 (1.95–5.89) ms and 2.94 (0.23–6.10) ms at the proposed therapeutic dosing regimen in patients with normal organ function (best case scenario) and patients with hepatic impairment (worst‐case scenario), respectively. The upper bounds of the 90% CIs were below the regulatory threshold of concern of 10 ms. The results of the described C‐QTc analysis, along with corroborating results from nonclinical safety pharmacology studies, indicate that sitravatinib has a low risk of QTc interval prolongation at the proposed therapeutic dose of 100 mg malate q.d.
The international political economy of Saudi Arabia: Sovereign fund and foreign policy
Authors: Flynn Curran , Aldamer Shafi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article develops a framework for attributing motivations to Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) investment by noting that there are two major subdivisions, those that argue that the investments are undertaken due to macroeconomic factors and those that argue there is a political element as well. The political literature is divided into three subcategories of domestic political considerations, geopolitical competition and economic diplomacy. The literature of the Public Investment Fund (PIF) does not include any discussion of economic diplomacy as a consideration, an omission this article seeks to rectify. Using a realist understanding of international political economy (IPE), the article explores the influence of elites, the nature of PIF investments in America, India, China and Russia, and collaboration with other SWFs on investment. The article concludes that economic diplomacy should be considered as one of a multitude of variables that determine how and where the PIF invests.
Trade costs and the integration of British West Africa in the global economy, c. 1840–1940
Authors: Tadei Federico , Aslanidis Nektarios , Martinez Oscar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the essential role of trade for African economies, in the extensive literature on the historical evolution of international trade costs, Africa is still missing. In this article, we contribute to filling this gap by (1) providing the first estimates of British West Africa's trade costs with Britain c. 1840–1940 by computing relative price gaps in a representative sample of African export and European import prices, and (2) analysing the main determinants of trade costs trends, by regressing price gaps on measures of transport costs, market efficiency, and trade barriers. The results uncover a diverging pattern in African and global trade costs trends, which was not noticed in the previous literature. British West Africa experienced a reduction in its trade costs with Britain c. 1840–70, similar to the one we observe in other world areas, thanks to improvements in shipping technology and market efficiency. From the late 1870s, however, as colonial monopsonistic trading companies consolidated their control of African export markets, trade costs continued to decline in the rest of the world, but not in British West Africa. Consequently, from the late nineteenth century, trade for West Africa became relatively more expensive than for other world regions.
The socialization of adolescent housing awareness
Authors: Gawrys Michael R. , Skobba Kim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdolescent attitudes toward housing are influenced by established norms, particularly preferences for single‐family detached dwellings, years before making independent housing‐related decisions. In today's challenging homeownership landscape, this study, guided by housing adjustment theory, explores the timing and factors shaping adolescents' awareness of housing. In surveying 12–18‐year‐old 4‐H participants in a Southeastern state, age emerges as a pivotal factor, with awareness of housing by at least age 12. The impact of housing costs on participants' responses suggests exposure to broader affordability challenges. Analyzing these early experiences may offer educational opportunities to empower adolescents to make informed housing decisions later in life.