bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-76: A study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab with standard chemoradiation versus chemoradiation alone in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Willett Christopher G. , Duda Dan G. , Ancukiewicz Marek , Shah Mira , Czito Brian , Bentley Rex , Poleski Martin , Fujita Hiroshi , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Carroll Madeline , Tyler Douglas , Mantyh Christopher , Shellito Paul , Chung Daniel C. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab is increasingly being tested with pre-operative (neoadjuvant) regimens in patients with localized cancer, but its effects on metastasis and survival remain unknown.
This study examined the outcome of clinical stage II/III rectal cancer patients treated on a prospective phase II study of bevacizumab based chemoradiation and surgery to a contemporarily treated group of patients with standard chemoradiation and surgery at the same institution (Duke University Medical Center). Outcome analyses were performed on: 1. thirty-two patients treated prospectively from 2002 to 2008 with neoadjuvant bevacizumab, 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy and surgery; versus 2. forty-two patients treated from 2004 to 2008 with capecitabine, radiation therapy and surgery. The current median follow-up is 3 years. While local control was 100% in both groups (i.e., there was no local recurrence), the patients treated with bevacizumab-based chemoradiation and surgery showed statistically significantly higher overall survival rates and a trend higher disease-free survival rates than patients treated with chemoradiation alone and surgery. No statistically significant differences were observed in local control or toxicity between the two groups.
These data indicate that adding bevacizumab to neoadjuvant chemoradiation compares favorably to chemoradiation alone in a contemporary population of rectal cancer patients. The efficacy of neoadjuvant bevacizumab will have to be established prospectively in randomized studies, but bevacizumab with standard chemoradiation and surgery shows promising safety profiles and does not appear to increase metastasis after three years in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. This study was partially supported by NIH grants R21-CA99237, P01-CA80124, R01-CA115767, R01-CA85140, R01-CA126642 and Federal Share/NCI Proton Beam Program Income grants, and by the National Foundation for Cancer Research.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-76.
Abstract LB-92: Loss of a single Hic1 allele accelerates polyp formation in Apc mice
Authors: Mohammad Helai , Zhang Wei , Selonick Helen , Leadem Benjamin , Zhang Minsi , Hooker Craig , Watkins David N. , Karim Baktiar , Huso David , Herman James G. , Baylin Stephen B. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Mutations in the Adenomatous Polyposis Colt (APC) gene have been implicated both in familial as well as sporadic gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. APC mutations are associated with autosomal dominant inheritance of disease in humans. Similarly, mice that contain a single mutant APC gene encoding a protein truncated at aa 716 (Ape716) develop multiple polyps throughout the GI tract as early as 4 weeks after birth. Inactivation of another tumor suppressor gene, Hypermethylated in Cancer 1 (HIC1) often occurs in human cancers, including GI, via CpG island hypermethylation. Homozygous deletion of Hic1 in mice results in major developmental defects and embryonic lethality. Hic1 heterozygotes have previously been shown to develop age dependent tumors of a variety of tissue types. We now report that loss of a single Hic1 allele can promote crypt dysplasia of the small intestine and further potentiate polyp formation in Apc716 mice. Hic1+/−, Apc716 double heterozygous mice develop increased numbers of polyps throughout the GI tract by 60 days. Hic1 expression is lost in polyps with a selective increase in DNA hypermethylation of this gene only in polyps from double-heterozygous mice. Immunohistochemical analyses of polyps show increases in markers such as -catenin, SIRT1, and Sox9, indicating aberrant Wnt and Hic1 signaling. Together, our data suggest that loss of a gene frequently silenced via epigenetic mechanisms, Hic1, can cooperate with loss of a gene often mutated in GI cancer, Apc, to promote tumorigenesis in an in-vivo model of multiple intestinal neoplasia.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-92.
Suppression of Endothelial P-Selectin Expression Contributes to Reduced Cell Trafficking in Females
Authors: Villar Inmaculada C. , Scotland Ramona S. , Khambata Rayomand S. , Chan Melissa , Duchene Johan , Sampaio Andre L. , Perretti Mauro , Hobbs Adrian J. , Ahluwalia Amrita 
Published: February 2011

Objective—
Sex hormones underlie the lower incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women. Vascular inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases and it has been reported that sex hormones modulate inflammatory responses but mechanisms responsible for these effects are not yet fully established. Herein, we assessed whether sex differences in leukocyte recruitment might exist and investigated the underlying mechanisms involved in this response.

Methods and Results—
Treatment with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor-α caused leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration in mesenteric postcapillary venules in vivo that was substantially reduced in female mice compared with male mice; this difference was abolished by ovariectomy and partially restored by estrogen replacement. Deletion of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase or cyclooxygenase-1 alone or in combination did not alter the leukocyte recruitment in IL-1β-treated females but significantly enhanced this response in male mice. Treatment of murine pulmonary endothelial cells with IL-1β increased expression of P-selectin in male but not female cells.

Conclusion—
We have demonstrated a profound estrogen-dependent and NO and prostacyclin-independent suppression of leukocyte recruitment in females.
Body Mass Index and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Haass Markus , Kitzman Dalane W. , Anand Inder S. , Miller Alan , Zile Michael R. , Massie Barry M. , Carson Peter E. 
Published: February 2011

Background—
Obesity is a major risk factor for incident heart failure (HF). Paradoxically, in HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFREF), a high body mass index (BMI) appears to be beneficial. Approximately 50% of HF patients have a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF). However, there are few data regarding the relationship between BMI and outcomes in HFPEF.

Methods and Results—

Baseline characteristics and cardiovascular outcomes were assessed in the 4109 patients (mean age, 72 years; mean follow-up, 49.5 months) in the Irbesartan in HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction (I-PRESERVE) trial. Based on the BMI distribution, 5 BMI categories were defined: <23.5, 23.5 to 26.4, 26.5 to 30.9, 31 to 34.9, and ≥35 kg/m
2
. Most patients (71%) had a BMI ≥26.5, 21% had a BMI between 23.5 and 26.4, and 8% had a BMI <23.5 kg/m
2
. Patients with higher BMI were younger, more often women, and more likely to have hypertension and diabetes and higher left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with BMI of 26.5 to 30.9 kg/m
2
had the lowest rate for the primary composite outcome (death or cardiovascular hospitalization) and were used as reference group. After adjustment for 21 risk variables including age, sex, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, the hazard ratio for the primary outcome was increased in patients with BMI <23.5 (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.56;
P
=0.019) and in those with BMI ≥35 kg/m
2
(hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.52;
P
=0.011) compared with the referent group. A similar relationship was found for all-cause mortality and for HF hospitalization.

Conclusions—
Obesity is common in HFPEF patients and is accompanied by multiple differences in clinical characteristics. Independent of other key prognostic variables, there was a U-shaped relationship, with the greatest rate of adverse outcomes in the lowest and highest BMI categories.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT000095238.
Hemorrhagic Transformation of Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Beslow Lauren A. , Smith Sabrina E. , Vossough Arastoo , Licht Daniel J. , Kasner Scott E. , Favilla Christopher G. , Halperin Aviva R. , Gordon Danielle M. , Jones Charlene I. , Cucchiara Andrew J. , Ichord Rebecca N. 
Published: February 2011

Background and Purpose—
The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) among children with arterial ischemic stroke within 30 days after symptom onset and to describe clinical factors associated with HT.

Methods—
Sixty-three children aged 1 month to 18 years with arterial ischemic stroke between January 2005 and November 2008 were identified from a single-center prospective pediatric stroke registry. All neuroimaging studies within 30 days of stroke were reviewed by a study neuroradiologist. Hemorrhage was classified according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study-1 definitions. Association of HT with clinical factors, systemic anticoagulation, stroke volume, and outcome was analyzed.

Results—

HT occurred in 19 of 63 children (30%; 95% CI, 19% to 43%), only 2 (3%) of whom were symptomatic. Hemorrhage classification was hemorrhagic infarction (HI)1 in 14, HI2 in 2, parenchymal hematoma (PH)1 in 2, and PH2 in 1. HT was less common in children with vasculopathy (relative risk, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.06;
P
=0.04) than in those with other stroke mechanisms. HT was not significantly associated with anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy (relative risk, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.5;
P
=0.26) but was associated with larger infarct volumes (
P
=0.0084). In multivariable analysis, worse Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure scores were associated with infarct volume ≥5% of total supratentorial brain volume (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1 to 15;
P
=0.04), and a trend existed toward association of worse Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure scores with HT (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 0.9 to 18;
P
=0.07).

Conclusions—
HT occurred in 30% of children with arterial ischemic stroke within 30 days. Most hemorrhages were petechial and asymptomatic. Infarct volume was associated with HT and worse outcome.
Safety and Feasibility of Collateral Blood Flow Augmentation After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Emery Derek J. , Schellinger Peter D. , Selchen Daniel , Douen Andre G. , Chan Richard , Shuaib Ashfaq , Butcher Kenneth S. 
Published: February 2011

Background and Purpose—
Collateral flow augmentation using partial aortic occlusion may improve cerebral perfusion in acute stroke. We assessed the safety and feasibility of partial aortic occlusion immediately after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.

Methods—
We conducted an open-label pilot study of partial aortic occlusion after thrombolysis. The primary end point was all serious adverse events within 30 days of treatment.

Results—
None of the 22 patients enrolled developed symptomatic parenchymal hemorrhages. Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 9 patients. Procedure-related adverse events were limited to groin complications (n=13). Seventy-seven percent of patients experienced neurological improvement (≥4-point improvement of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score).

Conclusions—
Partial aortic occlusion as an adjunct to thrombolysis in the treatment of acute stroke appears safe. Studies aimed at determining the efficacy of this therapeutic approach are warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration Information—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01006993.
Incidence of Operative Endoscopy Findings in Recurrent Croup
Authors: Jabbour Noel , Parker Noah P. , Finkelstein Marsha , Lander Timothy A. , Sidman James D. 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveDevelop an evidence‐based model for predicting operative endoscopy findings in patients with recurrent croup.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on 124 patients who received consultation for recurrent croup between 2000 and 2009. Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy findings were categorized as normal, mildly abnormal (incidental findings or grade I subglottic stenosis), moderately abnormal (grade II subglottic stenosis), or severely abnormal (grade III‐IV subglottic stenosis).ResultsOf 124 consultations for recurrent croup, 81 patients (average age 3.5 years) underwent operative endoscopy. Normal examinations occurred in 33 of 81 (41%). Abnormal findings were encountered with the following frequency: mildly abnormal, 40 of 81 (49%); moderately abnormal, 6 of 81 (7.5%); and severely abnormal, 2 of 81 (2.5%). Relative risk (RR) of either moderately abnormal or severely abnormal findings was increased for patients who had a history of previous intubation (RR = 9.8; P =. 002), prematurity (RR = 6.4; P =. 01), or inpatient consultation (RR = 5.3; P =. 028). The rate of moderately or severely abnormal findings in patients without the risk factors of intubation and age younger than 1 year was 0 of 48 (0%; confidence interval, 0%‐7.4%). Mild abnormalities in this group were encountered in 27 of 48 (56%).ConclusionMild airway abnormalities are common in children with recurrent croup and cannot be ruled out based on history. In the absence the risk factors of previous intubation, age younger than 1 year, or inpatient consultation, the incidence of a significantly abnormal finding is quite low. A predictive model based on this evidence is discussed.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor–γ Agonist Induces Regulatory T Cells in a Murine Model of Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Wang Weihua , Zhu Zhenghua , Zhu Bingwei , Ma Zhaoxin 
Published: February 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)–γ agonist on the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a murine model of allergic rhinitis.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingAnimal study.Subjects and MethodsBALB/c mice that received ovalbumin sensitization and challenge served as the ovalbumin group (n = 6). Two separate groups of 6 mice received intragastric administration with PPAR‐γ agonist pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/d) or pioglitazone plus PPAR‐γ antagonist GW9662 (0.5 mg/d) before each ovalbumin challenge. The control group (n = 6) was treated with drug vehicle alone. Various allergic responses were assessed. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), T‐bet, and GATA‐3. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of Tregs.ResultsMice developed typical pathophysiological allergic rhinitis features after the ovalbumin challenge. The frequencies of sneezing and scratching were significantly decreased by pioglitazone treatment (P <. 0001). Eosinophils infiltration and the levels of interleukin‐5 and interferon‐γ in nasal cavity lavage fluid and sera immunoglobulin E were also markedly decreased by pioglitazone (P <. 001). The expression of Foxp3 mRNA and the population of Tregs were significantly increased by pioglitazone (P <. 05). Cotreatment with GW9662 reversed the anti‐inflammatory effects of pioglitazone. The effects of PPAR‐γ agonist on Foxp3 mRNA expression and Tregs induction were abrogated by administration of GW9662.ConclusionPPAR‐γ agonist attenuates upper airway allergic inflammation in a PPAR‐γ‐dependent fashion, and the beneficial effects of pioglitazone in airway allergic inflammation may be mediated by induction of Tregs.
Biofilms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Bezerra Thiago Freire Pinto , de Melo Padua Francini Grecco , Gebrim Eloisa Maria Mello Santiago , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento , Voegels Richard Louis 
Published: February 2011

Objective(1) Evaluate the presence of biofilms in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and (2) investigate the association of biofilm presence and CRSwNP.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUniversity‐based tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsThe study group consisted of 33 consecutive patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP. The control group consisted of 27 control patients undergoing septoplasty for nasal obstruction without diagnosis of chronic sinusitis. Mucosal samples were harvested intraoperatively for scanning electron microscopic examination to determine biofilm presence. Statistical analysis was performed. For all statistical tests, P =. 05 was considered significant.ResultsBiofilms were found in 24 (72.7%) of the 33 patients with CRSwNP and in 13 (48.1%) of the 27 septoplasty patients (odds ratio = 2.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.98‐8.42; P =. 051).Conclusion(1) Biofilms were present in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP and also in controls without chronic sinusitis. This suggests that biofilms may not be sufficient to cause chronic sinusitis without other cofactors. Host factors could be the responsible for the pathogenesis of biofilms. (2) Although the prevalence of biofilms in patients with CRSwNP was not significantly different from that in the controls, the extremely wide 95% confidence interval, which is just below unity, suggests that a meaningful clinical difference may have been missed because of low statistical power. Further studies are necessary.
The Effectiveness of Supplementing a Standard Rehabilitation Program With Superimposed Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Feil Sven , Newell John , Minogue Conor , Paessler Hans H. 
Published: February 2011

Background: Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a key determinant affecting patient return to usual activity levels. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a treatment that can counteract strength loss and serve as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Purpose: To compare the effect of adding traditional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (Polystim) or a novel garment-integrated neuromuscular electrical stimulation (Kneehab) to a standard postoperative rehabilitation program (control). Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Ninety-six patients, of a total enrolled cohort of 131 patients randomized to 1 of 3 intervention groups, completed a standard rehabilitation program. In addition, the 2 neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups underwent 20-minute sessions of neuromuscular electrical stimulation 3 times a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks, in which stimulation was superimposed on isometric volitional contractions. Outcome measures including isokinetic strength of the knee extensors of the injured and uninjured leg at 90 and 180 deg/s, along with functional tests of proprioception, were assessed at baseline and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The Kneehab group achieved significantly better results at each time point compared with the Polystim and control groups ( P < .001). Extensor strength of the Kneehab group at speeds of 90 and 180 deg/s increased by 30.2% and 27.8%, respectively, between the preoperative measurements and the 6-month follow-up point in the injured leg. The corresponding changes for Polystim were 5.1% and 5%, whereas for the control group they were 6.6% and 6.7%, respectively. The mean single-legged hop test hop score of the Kneehab group improved by 50% between the 6-week and 6-month follow-up, whereas the corresponding changes for the Polystim and control groups were 26.3% and 26.2%, respectively. Although there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the Tegner score and the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 knee examination score, the Kneehab group showed a significant difference in mean improvement for the baseline corrected Lysholm score compared with the control group ( P = .01; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-8.59) and with the Polystim group ( P < .001; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-9.09) with no significant difference evident between Polystim and control groups ( P = .97; 95% confidence interval, −4.23 to 3.51). Conclusion: Intensive garment-integrated stimulation combined with standard rehabilitation is effective at accelerating recovery after knee surgery.
Arthroscopic Removal of Calcium Deposits of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: El Shewy Mohamed Taha 
Published: February 2011

Background: Calcium deposits within the tendons of the rotator cuff are common and usually asymptomatic. Symptomatic cases that do not respond to nonoperative measures need removal of the calcium deposits. Purpose: In this study, the results of arthroscopic removal of the calcium deposits within the rotator cuff, without rotator cuff repair, are evaluated after a minimum 7-year follow-up. This may help clarify whether rotator cuff repair in such cases is necessary for the relief of pain and good cuff function in the long run. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Fifty-six patients with calcium deposits within the rotator cuff were included in this study. Fifty-four patients were managed by arthroscopic removal of the calcium deposits without rotator cuff repair. Results: The patients were followed up over a period of at least 7 years. At the final follow-up, all patients were able to return to their level of activity before the beginning of their complaint, with significant improvement in the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Constant scores. The UCLA score improved from a mean (SD) of 52.8 (7.5) to 95.0 (8.2) ( P ≤ .001), whereas the ASES score improved from 57.2 (8.3) to 95.0 (8.2) ( P ≤ .001). The Constant score improved from a mean (SD) of 63.3 (9.3) to 97.8 (6.2) ( P ≤ .001). Only 3.7% of cases developed rotator cuff tears over the period of follow-up. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that arthroscopic removal of as much as possible of symptomatic calcium deposits of the rotator cuff is a safe and effective treatment when nonoperative methods fail.