bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules: Molecular advances
Authors: Melck Adrienne L. , Yip Linwah 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOver the last several years, a clearer understanding has developed of the genetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis. This knowledge can be used to tackle 1 of the challenges facing thyroidologists: management of the indeterminate thyroid nodule. Despite the accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology, many patients undergo surgery to diagnose malignancy and better diagnostic tools are required. A number of biomarkers have recently been studied and show promise in this setting. In particular, BRAF, RAS, PAX8‐PPARγ, microRNAs, and loss of heterozygosity have each been demonstrated as useful molecular tools for predicting malignancy and can potentially guide decisions regarding surgical management of nodular thyroid disease. This review summarizes the current literature surrounding each of these markers, highlights our institution's prospective analysis of these markers, and describes the subsequent incorporation of molecular markers into a management algorithm for thyroid nodules. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Factors associated with recurrence and therapeutic strategies for sinonasal rosai–dorfman disease
Authors: Chen Hai–Hong , Zhou Shui–Hong , Wang Shen–Qing , Teng Xiao–Dong , Fan Jun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with the recurrence of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a review of the English‐language literature published between 1969 and 2010 on the recurrence of and treatment strategies for sinonasal RDD.ResultsTo our knowledge, 126 cases of RDD have been reported to date. Of the 126 patients, 32 (25.4%) had no recurrence or were alive with no evidence of disease; remission occurred in only 1 patient (0.7%); 69 patients (54.8%) had a recurrent, persistent, or progressive course; and 6 patients (4.8%) died from the disease. In patients with recurrent, persistent, and progressive disease, there was no significant tendency for lymph node involvement.ConclusionSinonasal RDD is generally described as benign. However, recurrence and fatal outcome have been reported. Our results suggest that the initial modality may affect the recurrence of RDD. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Multivariate high‐frequency‐based volatility (HEAVY) models
Authors: Noureldin Diaa , Shephard Neil , Sheppard Kevin 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a new class of multivariate volatility models that utilizes high‐frequency data. We discuss the models' dynamics and highlight their differences from multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. We also discuss their covariance targeting specification and provide closed‐form formulas for multi‐step forecasts. Estimation and inference strategies are outlined. Empirical results suggest that the HEAVY model outperforms the multivariate GARCH model out‐of‐sample, with the gains being particularly significant at short forecast horizons. Forecast gains are obtained for both forecast variances and correlations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hearing loss as a complication of paget's disease of bone
Authors: Monsell Edwin M. , Cody Dianna D. , Bone Henry G. , Divine George W. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Hearing loss has long been known to be a complication of Paget's disease of bone. Older ideas about the mechanisms of hearing loss are being replaced by a new view based on experimental evidence from patients. Studies reviewed show no evidence of auditory nerve dysfunction and confirm a cochlear site of lesion. A loss of bone mineral density in the cochlear capsule is associated with both a high-tone hearing loss and a low-tone air-bone gap.
Identification of stress and coping risk and protective factors associated with changes in adjustment to caring for an adult with mental illness
Authors: Mackay Christina , Pakenham Kenneth I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere is a paucity of theory guided longitudinal research into how carers of an adult with mental illness adapt to caregiving. This study examined changes in carer adjustment over 12 months and identified risk and protective factors using stress/coping theory. Eighty‐seven carers completed questionnaires at Time 1 and 12 months later (Time 2). The risk/protective factors were background variables, coping resources, appraisals, and coping strategies. Adjustment outcomes were stable over 12 months. Stress/coping variables were associated with one or more Time 2 adjustment outcomes when controlling for initial adjustment and the direction of these associations were consistent with predictions. Findings support the application of stress/coping theory to guide identification of modifiable risk and protective factors associated with caregiver adjustment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–16, 2011.
Comparative proteome analysis of glutenin synthesis and accumulation in developing grains between superior and poor quality bread wheat cultivars
Authors: Liu Wan , Zhang Yanzhen , Gao Xuan , Wang Ke , Wang Shunli , Zhang Yong , He Zhonghu , Ma Wujun , Yan Yueming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Wheat glutenins are the major determinants of wheat quality. In this study, grains at the development stage from three wheat cultivars (Jimai 20, Jin 411 and Zhoumai 16) with different bread‐making quality were harvested based on thermal times from 150 °Cd to 750 °Cd, and were used to investigate glutenin accumulation patterns and their relationships with wheat quality.RESULTS: High and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs) were synthesised concurrently. No obvious correlations between HMW/LMW glutenin ratios and dough property were observed. Accumulation levels of HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs as well as 1Bx13 + 1By16 and 1Dx4 + 1Dy12 subunits were higher in superior gluten quality cultivar Jimain 20 than in poor quality cultivar Jing 411 and Zhoumai 16. According to the results of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, six types of accumulation patterns in LMW‐GSs were identified and classified. The possible relationships between individual LMW‐GSs and gluten quality were established.CONCLUSION: The high accumulation level of HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs as well as 1Bx13 + 1By16 and 1Dx4 + 1Dy12 subunits contributed to the superior gluten quality of Jimai 20. Two highly expressed and 16 specifically expressed LMW glutenin subunits in Jimain 20 had positive effects on dough quality, while 17 specifically expressed subunits in Zhoumai 16 and Jing 411 appeared to have negative effects on gluten quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimisation of chocolate formulation using dehydrated peanut–cowpea milk to replace dairy milk
Authors: Aidoo Herta , Sakyi‐Dawson Esther , Abbey Lawrence , Tano‐Debrah Kwaku , Saalia Firibu Kwesi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The rheological properties of chocolate, based upon its acceptability by consumers, are determined largely by the ingredients and their proportions used in the formulations. Milk chocolates are very popular because milk provides flavour and smooth texture to the product. This study aimed to determine the optimal ingredient formulation for vegetable milk chocolate using peanut–cowpea milk as a substitute for dairy milk. The study followed a four‐component constrained mixture design, with cocoa liquor, vegetable milk, cocoa butter and sugar as the components. Lecithin and vanillin were added at a constant amount to all formulations. Critical attributes of the chocolates were evaluated using descriptive sensory tests and instrumental techniques.RESULTS: Regression models were fitted to the data, and the optimum ingredient formulation for acceptable vegetable milk chocolate was determined. The vegetable milk had significant (P = 0.05) influence on flavour, mouth feel, hardness and after taste of chocolates.CONCLUSIONS: The optimum ingredient formulation for acceptable vegetable milk chocolates was determined to be cocoa liquor (18.00%), sugar (30.75%), peanut–cowpea milk (28.93%), and cocoa butter (22.32%). The results demonstrate that it is feasible to use vegetable source milk for chocolate. The findings also provide clues for scale‐up criteria for large‐scale production of vegetable milk chocolate. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Facilitative effects of Eucommia ulmoides on fatty acid oxidation in hypertriglyceridaemic rats
Authors: Kobayashi Yukihiro , Hiroi Tetsuya , Araki Mayumi , Hirokawa Takahiko , Miyazawa Maki , Aoki Nobuyoshi , Kojima Takashi , Ohsawa Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tea made from Eucommia ulmoides leaves is widely consumed as a health food, since recent studies have revealed various pharmacological effects of the tea, e.g. a hypotriglyceridaemic effect. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the plasma triglyceride‐lowering effect of E. ulmoides leaves.RESULTS: Rats were divided into four groups: a normal group, a group fed a high‐fat/high‐fructose diet (untreated group) and two groups fed a high‐fat/high‐fructose diet and E. ulmoides tea (4 or 20 g L−1 extract, treated groups). Plasma triglyceride concentrations were reduced in treated groups in a dose‐dependent manner compared with the untreated group. DNA microarray analysis revealed that genes involved in hepatic α‐, β‐ and ω‐oxidation, mainly related to the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α and δ signalling pathway, were up‐regulated in the treated group. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that E. ulmoides leaves contain three phytochemicals that make up 60 mg g−1 of the material and are likely to be the active components.CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the promotion of fatty acid oxidation, probably by the action of phytochemicals, participates in the ameliorative effect of E. ulmoides leaves on hypertriglyceridaemia. These findings provide the scientific evidence for the functionality of E. ulmoides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular Docking Guided Comparative GFA, G/PLS, SVM and ANN Models of Structurally Diverse Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Gupta Shikhar , Fallarero Adyary , Vainio Mikko J. , Saravanan P. , Santeri Puranen J. , Järvinen Päivi , Johnson Mark S. , Vuorela Pia M. , Mohan C. Gopi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently discovered 42 AChE inhibitors binding at the catalytic and peripheral anionic site were identified on the basis of molecular docking approach, and its comparative quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed. These structurally diverse inhibitors were obtained by our previously reported high‐throughput in vitro screening technique using 384‐well plate’s assay based on colorimetric method of Ellman. QSAR models were developed using (i) genetic function algorithm, (ii) genetic partial least squares, (iii) support vector machine and (iv) artificial neural network techniques. The QSAR model robustness and significance was critically assessed using different cross‐validation techniques on test data set. The generated QSAR models using thermodynamic, electrotopological and electronic descriptors showed that nonlinear methods are more robust than linear methods, and provide insight into the structural features of compounds that are important for AChE inhibition.
DFT calculation of structures and NMR chemical shifts of simple models of small diameter zigzag single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
Authors: Kupka Teobald , Stachów Michał , Nieradka Marzena , Stobiński Leszek 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLinearly conjugated benzene rings (acenes), belt‐shape molecules (cyclic acenes) and model single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were fully optimized at the unrestricted level of density functional theory (UB3LYP/6‐31G*). The models of SWCNTs were selected to get some insight into the potential changes of NMR chemical shift upon systematic increase of the molecular size. The theoretical NMR chemical shifts were calculated at the B3LYP/pcS‐2 level of theory using benzene as reference. In addition, the change of radial breathing mode (RBM), empirically correlated with SWCNT diameter, was directly related with the radius of cyclic acenes. Both geometrical and NMR parameters were extrapolated to infinity upon increase in the studied systems size using a simple two‐parameter mathematical formula. Very good agreement between calculated and available experimental CC bond lengths of acenes was observed (RMS of 0.0173 Å). The saturation of changes in CC bond lengths and 1H and 13C NMR parameters for linear and cyclic acenes, starting from 7–8 conjugated benzene rings, was observed. The 13C NMR parameters of individual carbon atoms from the middle of ultra‐thin (4,0) SWCNT formed from 10 conjugated cyclic acenes differ by about 130 ppm from the corresponding open end carbon nuclei. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of high frequency oscillatory ventilation in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit
Authors: Faqih Nesreen A. , Qabba'h Su'ad H. , Rihani Rawad S. , Ghonimat Iyad M. , Yamani Yousef M. , Sultan Iyad Y. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundHigh frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been successfully used in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children. The aim of our study is to determine its effectiveness in pediatric patients with cancer or post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) diagnosed with ARDS.ProcedureA retrospective case review, in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a tertiary‐care oncology center in Amman, Jordan. Patients included were children with cancer and/or receiving allogeneic HSCT who were diagnosed with ARDS and placed on HFOV from January 2007 to February 2009.ResultsData from 12 pediatric oncology patients on HFOV were analyzed for demographics, oncological diagnosis, PRISM III scores, ventilator settings before switching to HFOV and 24 hours after switching, complications, and outcomes. Alveolar–arterial oxygen (A–a) gradient and oxygen index (OI) were calculated, and pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2) was measured before and 24 hours after switching. Endpoints were successful extubation and discharge, or death while intubated. After 24 hours on HFOV, the A–a gradient decreased significantly in all patients (from a median of 564–267 torr; P = 0.001). OI decreased in all but two patients who died (median 17); PaCO2 decrease was not significant. Five patients died (two of them post‐HSCT) and the 7 (58%) survivors were weaned from HFOV (median, 9 days) and discharged.ConclusionsHFOV improves gas exchange and is useful in managing critically ill children with cancer and post‐HSCT patients who develop ARDS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 384–389. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on morphology and mechanical properties of dispersing intercalated silane montmorillonite in polypropylene matrix
Authors: Liu Sung‐Po 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe used a plastograph‐mixer by the twin‐screw mixed method to obtain the standard shaped specimens of polymer‐clay nanocomposites (PCN) to prepare polypropylene (PP)/silane montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites pellets, grafting with two kinds of different surfactant—hard grafting agent maleic anhydride (MA) or soft grafting agent thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers (TPO). The chemical structure and polymer morphology of these as‐synthesized PCN specimens were characterized by a wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, we prepared these experimental specimens in order to probe into their mechanical properties. The tests used were: layer distance of PCN, tensile, impact, shore‐hardness, wearing tests, and so on. In addition, we used XRD to make the characterization analysis, and compare it to scatter and layer‐distance. It was found that when the MA is increased into the MMT, the layer‐distance at 3 wt% increased from 2.11 nm to 3.54 nm; when increasing the TPO into the MMT, layer‐distance at 3 wt% increased to the 3.28 nm. For the mechanical property, it was found that these specimens grafted with the MA have the following results: in the tensile test, the MMT weight percentage of 1 wt% had the best result, increasing by 3.2%. In the shore hardness test, the MMT of 3 wt% strengthens by 5.41%. In addition, the mechanical property of the specimens that grafted to the TPO decreased almost immediately at 1 wt%, but increased at 3–5 wt% trends. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparison of prevalence of toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infection in cases with fetal ultrasound markers in the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Beke Artúr , Latkóczy Krisztina , Nagy Gyula Richárd , Dudnyikova Anna , Csaba Ákos , Szabó István , Papp Csaba , Rigó János 
Published: August 2011

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in cases of ultrasound anomalies detected in the second trimester of pregnancy.MethodsSerological examinations for toxoplasma and CMV infection were carried out in 655 cases with sonographic findings suggestive of fetal infection, 612 cases with single ultrasound markers and 43 cases with two or more markers.ResultsIn cases of single ultrasound markers, serological examination diagnosed recent toxoplasma infection in 107/612 cases (17.5%) and recent CMV infection in 75 cases (12.3%). Recent toxoplasma infection accounted for 13.8% (52/377) of the intracranial sonographic findings and 23.9% (45/188) of the abdominal findings, whereas recent CMV infections accounted for 12.2 (46/377) and 11.7% (22/188), respectively. Recent CMV infection with sonographic manifestations had higher rates of intracranial than intra‐abdominal sonographic findings (46/75 or 61% vs 22/75 or 29%), whereas recent toxoplasma infection with sonographic manifestations had similar rates of intracranial (52/107 or 49%) and intra‐abdominal (45/107 or 42%) findings. In cases of two or more ultrasound markers, serological examination diagnosed recent toxoplasma infection in 12/43 cases (27.9%) and recent CMV infection in 10/43 cases (23.3%).ConclusionsUltrasound findings suspicious for toxoplasma and CMV infection are not pathognomonic for either pathologic entity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone initiated by in situ formed yttrium trisalicylaldimine complexes, and their study by density functional theory
Authors: Ni Xufeng , Liang Zhenhua , Ling Jun , Li Xue , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of yttrium trisalicylaldimine complexes formed in situ by the reaction of trialkyl complex [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] (THF is tetrahydrofuran) with three equivalent salicylaldimines were used as initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone. Electronic and steric effects of the salicylaldimine ligand played important roles on the catalytic properties of the yttrium complexes. The yttrium trisalicylaldimine complex Y(L7)3 (L7 = (S)‐2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐[(1‐phenylethylimino)methyl]phenol) most effectively initiated controlled ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone to prepare poly(ε‐caprolactone)s with high molecular weights and moderate molecular weight distributions. Obtained by density functional theory calculations, the optimized geometries of the four different active centers with four salicylaldimine ligands explained the experimental results. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
A comprehensive approach to the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Kugelman Amir , Durand Manuel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe current bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is seen in infants born extremely premature, with less severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and who received prenatal steroids—“new BPD”. The pathophysiology of BPD is based on an impairment of lung maturation with prenatal and postnatal multi‐hit insults and genetic susceptibility. This multifactorial pathophysiology of BPD suggests that no single “magic bullet” will prevent it. Thus, to avoid BPD we need to implement a complex and comprehensive strategy.This strategy is based on ventilatory and non‐ventilatory measures. The ventilatory route allows an individualized endotracheal intubation approach. Early lung recruitment with nasal respiratory support (nasal continuous positive airway pressure [NCPAP] or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation [NIPPV] / synchronized NIPPV [SNIPPV]) and the INSURE (intubation, surfactant and early extubation) approach are discussed. Initial treatment with NCPAP did not reduce the rate of BPD compared to endotracheal ventilation and surfactant administration. While NIPPV/SNIPPV may have short‐term advantages over NCPAP, the effect on BPD needs to be further studied. During hospitalization the respiratory goals should aim for adequate oxygenation, permissive hypercapnia, and gentle ventilation. However, these goals were found to have short‐term benefits but did not reduce significantly the rate of BPD. Selective use of a short course of low dose corticosteroids can be considered after the first or second week of life in infants who are unable to be weaned from the ventilator and are at high risk for BPD. Non‐ventilatory measures include early nutritional support with fluid restriction, caffeine and consideration of vitamin A. Hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may be associated with BPD, but medical or surgical treatment of PDA were not shown to decrease BPD. Each component and the strategy as a whole needs to be further studied in large randomized prospective studies or by meta‐analyses, especially in the target population of extremely premature infants who are the most prone to BPD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46: 1153–1165. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can a chitin‐synthesis‐inhibiting turfgrass fungicide enhance black cutworm susceptibility to a baculovirus?
Authors: Bixby‐Brosi Andrea J , Potter Daniel A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Developmental resistance, i.e. reduced virulence and speed of kill of late instars, is a limiting factor in the use of baculoviruses for caterpillar control. Agrotis ipsilon multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgipMNPV) is highly infective to young black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, but too slow‐acting against late instars for effective curative control on golf courses or sports fields. Chitin‐synthesis‐inhibiting fungicides containing the active ingredient polyoxin‐d are used to control fungal diseases in turfgrass, and similar compounds have been shown in the laboratory to synergize baculoviruses by disrupting peritrophic membrane function. This study tested whether applying the virus together with such a fungicide can synergize AgipMNPV activity against A. ipsilon in turfgrass.RESULTS: The addition of a chitin synthesis inhibitor failed to increase AgipMNPV infectivity to A. ipsilon in the field. Rather, delayed and slightly reduced mortality from viral infection was seen when larvae fed on fungicide/virus‐treated grasses as opposed to virus‐only treatments. Choice tests revealed the fungicide residues to be a mild feeding deterrent.CONCLUSION: Because polyoxin‐d does not deactivate AgipMNPV, the two substances are compatible. However, combination applications of polyoxin‐d and Agip MNPV on turfgrass might interfere with larval ingestion of a lethal virus dose, resulting in prolonged larval feeding in the field. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry