bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A combined treatment regimen for desquamative gingivitis in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Guiglia R. , Di Liberto C. , Pizzo G. , Picone L. , Lo Muzio L. , Gallo P. D. , Campisi G. , D'Angelo M. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Chronic desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a condition characterized by erythema, ulceration, and desquamation of the free and attached gingiva, usually expression of a district‐systemic disease, such as oral lichen planus (OLP).Methods:  A combined protocol of oral hygiene and topic corticosteroid therapy was applied in 30 patients with DG associated with OLP. Plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months.Results:  PI scoring was significantly lower after treatment in anterior, posterior, and all sites (P < 0.0001) as well as in vestibular and lingual ones (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). BoP measures were found to be reduced significantly to 22.94% in a full‐mouth evaluation (P < 0.0001; OR = 2.633; 95% CI: 2.2685–3.0561) as well as in each specific site (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  This clinical trial validated the efficacy, in patients with DG associated with OLP, of a protocol based on professional oral hygiene and self‐performed plaque control measures in improving of gingival health status.
A long‐term follow‐up study on the natural course of oral leukoplakia in a Swedish population‐based sample
Authors: Roosaar A. , Yin L. , Johansson A. L. V. , Sandborgh‐Englund G. , Nyrén O. , Axéll T. 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  To assess the natural course of screening‐detected oral leukoplakia (OL) among non‐consulting individuals.Methods:  A cohort of 555 individuals with OL, confirmed in 1973–1974 during a population‐based survey, were followed through January 2002 via record linkages with nationwide and essentially complete registers. A sample of 104 drawn from the 297 surviving cohort members who still were living in the area in 1993–1995 was invited to a re‐examination. Sixty‐seven of them attended.Results:  At the time of re‐examination OL had disappeared in 29 (43%) individuals. There was a statistically significant association between cessation of/no smoking habits in 1993–1995 and the disappearance of OL. Never/previous daily smokers were thus over‐represented among individuals whose OL had disappeared compared to those with persisting OL [n = 23 (82%) vs. n = 18 (47%), P < 0.01]. Eighteen (78%) of the twenty three non‐smokers with disappearing OL had quit after the initial examination. One man and two women developed oral cancer during follow‐up while 0.7 and 0.07, respectively, were expected.Conclusion:  Smoking cessation was associated with an increased disappearance of OL. Hence, at least one‐fourth had lesions that could be classified as tobacco‐related. Small observed and expected numbers prohibited firm conclusions about a possible excess risk of developing oral cancer.
Studies of the serum HER‐2/neu and squamous cell carcinoma‐related antigen expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Chung‐Ho , Tsai Tsung Lin , Yang Yi‐Shin , Tsai Chi‐Cheng 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Over‐expression of HER‐2/neu has been associated with advanced disease, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)‐related antigen (SCCA) is used as a tumor marker in a variety of SCC. This study was performed to investigate the pre‐ and post‐treatment values of HER‐2/neu and SCCA in patients with oral SCC.Materials:  Patients with OSCC were enrolled between 2002 and 2004. Serum samples were obtained before treatment and at 1 month following treatment. HER‐2/neu levels and SCCA levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively.Results:  A significant correlation was found between HER‐2/neu and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0252). SCCA correlated with tumor size (P = 0.0042). Both HER‐2/neu and SCCA mean levels were reduced significantly after treatment.Conclusion:  The combination of HER‐2/neu and SCCA serum levels may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects and in monitoring the recurrence rate of OSCC and survival rate of patients.
Dental mutilations and associated alveolar bone pathology in African skulls of the anthropological skull collection, Charité, Berlin
Authors: Reichart Peter A. , Creutz Ulrich , Scheifele Christian 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Dental mutilations (DM) were and are still common among people in Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine DM in 33 skulls from Cameroon, which have been collected around the turn of the 20th century (anthropological collection, Berlin Museum of Medical History).Materials and methods:  From the files of the museum, locations and/or tribal origin were recorded. DM classification described by De Almeida was used (1957).Results:  DM of the inverted V‐shaped type was most common (30.3%). Pulp exposure was seen in 10 cases (30.3%). Periapical ostitis/radicular cysts were seen in nine cases (27.3%). General loss of alveolar bone was seen in all cases with a marked loss of the maxillary anterior labial alveolar bone plate in six cases (18.2%).Conclusions:  DM may result in alveolar bone pathology characterised by inflammatory changes such as periapical ostitis or formation of radicular cysts.
Osteomas of the craniofacial region. Review of 106 cases
Authors: Larrea‐Oyarbide N. , Valmaseda‐Castellón E. , Berini‐Aytés L. , Gay‐Escoda C. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Osteoma is a benign osteogenic lesion characterized by the proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. Although this tumour has a considerable incidence, there are few reports with large samples on this subject.Objectives:  To describe clinical features of the osteomas in the craniomaxilofacial region.Material and methods:  Retrospective study of 106 patients diagnosed with 132 osteomas of the craniomaxilofacial region between 1986 and 2003.Results:  The mean age was 50 years. Osteomas were more frequent in men. Forty‐nine per cent were of peripheral type, 29% central osteomas and 21% were located in the paranasal sinuses. Eighty‐nine cases (84%) were operated and 80 patients were regularly followed up. Out of these, 73 did not recur. The seven recurrences were central osteomas.Conclusions:  Osteomas usually appear in patients with more than 30‐year old. Peripheral type showed the highest incidence among these lesions. Central and peripheral osteomas usually do not originate clinical symptoms whereas the ones located in paranasal sinuses can provoke headache and neuralgia/paresthesia.
Simultaneous detection of IFN‐gamma and IL‐4 in lesional tissues and whole unstimulated saliva from patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Tao Xiao‐an , Li Chun‐yang , Rhodus Nelson L. , Xia Juan , Yang Xiao‐ping , Cheng Bin 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Although the roles of interferon (IFN)‐gamma and interlekin (IL)‐4 in oral lichen planus (OLP) have been described extensively in past decades, the available results are controversial. Moreover, few studies have utilized simultaneous detection of cytokines in local tissues and saliva to determine whether salivary cytokines could reflect the fact of local lesions.Methods:  IFN‐gamma and IL‐4 were determined simultaneously in lesions and whole unstimulated saliva (WUS) from OLP patients with various clinical forms.Results:  In OLP lesions, both IFN‐gamma and IL‐4 in erythematous/ulcerated OLP were higher significantly than that in control specimens. In WUS, however, only IFN‐gamma of erythematous/ulcerated OLP was increased compared with control. Remarkably, IFN‐gamma and IL‐4 in WUS showed a more significant correlation to those in local tissues of all subjects.Conclusion:  These results indicate that both IFN‐gamma and IL‐4 may play more important role in pathogenesis of erythematous/ulcerated OLP, and changes of these proinflammatory cytokines in WUS may reflect the status of the OLP lesion.
Cytokine and chemokine levels in radicular and residual cyst fluids
Authors: Muglali Mehtap , Komerik Nurgul , Bulut Emel , Yarim Gul Fatma , Celebi Nukhet , Sumer Mahmut 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Cytokines were thought to play an important role for the expansion of odontogenic cysts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytokine and chemokine levels of radicular and residual cyst fluids.Methods:  Cyst fluids were aspirated from 21 patients (11 radicular and 10 residual cysts) and the levels of interleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by ELISA using commercially available kits.Results:  Both radicular and residual cyst fluids contained IL‐1α, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, and RANTES, concentrations of which were significantly higher in the radicular cyst fluids than those in the residual cysts (P < 0.001 for IL‐1α, TNF‐α, and RANTES; P < 0.01 for MCP‐1). Compared to the other mediators, the concentration of IL‐1α was found to be highest in both of the cyst fluids. In addition, positive correlations were found between IL‐1α, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, and RANTES in radicular and residual cyst fluids.Conclusion:  If the radicular cyst is inadvertently left behind following tooth extraction, some degree of inflammation may carry on. Residual cysts, although to a lesser extend than radicular cysts, have the potential to expand.
Oral lesions as predictors of highly active antiretroviral therapy failure in Brazilian HIV‐infected children
Authors: Miziara Ivan Dieb , Weber Raimar 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  Evaluate the accuracy of HIV‐related oral lesions to predict immune and virologic failure on HIV‐infected children in use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Study design:  Data for this cross‐sectional analysis come from a longitudinal study being conducted through the HIV‐AIDS Outpatient Unit, ENT Division, Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo University Medical School. The study began in January 1990 and is still ongoing. The cut‐off point for analyses purposes was December 2004. Subjects were 471 HIV‐infected consecutive children attending the outpatient unit during this period, who enrolled regardless of medical or immunological status. The children have undertaken oral cavity examination, serum CD4+ T‐lymphocyte count, and, 271 of them, viral load measurement. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and relative risk were calculated.Results:  Oral lesions had moderate sensitivity, high specificity and positive predictive value to predict immune failure. It had low sensitivity and positive predictive value, and high specificity to predict virologic failure.Discussion and conclusions:  Oral manifestations of HIV can be important markers for immune suppression and for virologic failure, in Brazilian children undergoing HAART.
No osteonecrosis in jaws of young patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with bisphosphonates
Authors: Malmgren Barbro , Åström Eva , Söderhäll Stefan 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Recent reports of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) after dental surgery in patients treated with second‐ and third‐generation nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonates instigated this retrospective study. As treatment with bisphosphonates in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has become an important symptomatic therapy, especially for severe forms of the disease, we found it important to investigate whether healing after surgical exposure of jaw bone was influenced by the bisphosponate treatment in our group of children, adolescents and young adults with OI.Subjects and methods:  Disodiumpamidronate was given as monthly intravenous infusion to 64 patients with OI aged 3 months to 20.9 years at the start of treatment (mean 8.1, median 7.7). During 0.5–12.5 years of treatment (mean 4.5, median 4.0), a total individual dose of 140–4020 mg/m2 disodiumpamidronate was given (mean 1623 and median 1460). Ten patients continued with oral alendronate and two with zoledronic acid therapy. In 22 of these patients, 38 dental surgery procedures were performed at the age of 3.4–31.9 years (mean 12.2, median 12.3) after 0.03–7.9 years of treatment (mean 3.6, median 3.4).Results:  Despite long‐term intravenous monthly disodiumpamidronate treatment, none of the 64 patients had any clinical signs of ONJ.Conclusions:  The risk of ONJ in these patients must be considered so low that the patients with indications for treatment should be treated and get the chance to experience the well‐documented beneficial effect for children with severe OI.
Differential induction of heme oxygenase‐1 against nicotine‐induced cytotoxicity via the PI3K, MAPK, and NF‐kappa B pathways in immortalized and malignant human oral keratinocytes
Authors: Lee Hwa‐Jeong , Lee Jun , Min Seung‐Ki , Guo Han‐Young , Lee Sun‐Kyung , Kim Hyung‐Ryong , Pae Hyun‐Ock , Chung Hun‐Taeg , Hong Seung‐Heon , Lee Suk‐Keun , Kim Eun‐Cheol 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) exhibits cytoprotective effects in many different cell types and is induced by nicotine exposure in human gingival fibroblasts. However, the role of HO‐1 in cancer cells exposed to nicotine has not previously been described.METHODS: We investigated the effects of nicotine on HO‐1 protein expression and cell viability in immortalized (IHOK) and malignant (HN12) human oral keratinocyte cells using the 3,4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Western blotting. We also examined the involvement of the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways in nicotine‐induced cytotoxicity and HO‐1 levels in IHOK and HN12 cells.RESULTS: Nicotine‐induced HO‐1 production and had cytotoxic effects on cells in both a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Nicotine‐induced cytotoxicity and accumulation of HO‐1 were greater in IHOK cells than in HN12 cells. Molecular inhibitors of the ERK, p38 MAP kinase, PI3 K, and NF‐κB signaling pathways blocked the cytotoxic effects and induction of HO‐1 expression by nicotine. Treatment with antioxidants (bilirubin,N‐acetylcysteine) protected cells against nicotine‐induced cytotoxicity and blocked the upregulation of HO‐1, the effects of which were more pronounced in IHOK cells than in HN12 cells.CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that HO‐1 plays a principal role in the protective response to nicotine in oral cancer and immortalized keratinocytes. Moreover, the addition of exogenous antioxidants may help to protect oral epithelial cells as chemopreventive agents against nicotine‐induced oxidative stress.
Alterations of FHIT and P53 genes in keratocystic odontogenic tumor, dentigerous and radicular cyst
Authors: Malčić Ana , Jukić Silvana , Anić Ivica , Pavelić Božidar , Kapitanović Sanja , Krušlin Božo , Pavelić Krešimir 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The purpose of this study was to determine fragile histidine triad (FHIT) and p53 protein expression, and to analyze FHIT and p53 gene status in keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT), dentigerous cysts (DC) and radicular cysts (RC).Methods:  The methods used were immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic methods including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and gene sequencing.Results:  FHIT protein expression was different among groups. Aberrant expression was the highest in KOT, then in RC and DC. p53 protein expression was different among groups. LOH in paraffin‐embedded specimens was detected in 22.6% and 12.9% for FHIT and p53 respectively. Mutation of p53 gene at codon 237 was observed in only two specimens (one KOT and one DC). Of the six frozen specimens, three exhibited FHIT gene LOH (two RC and one KOT). KOT showed loss of exons 6–7 at FHIT locus and mutation at codon 237 at p53 locus, but this could be a chance result.Conclusion:  Aberrations of FHIT and p53 genes/proteins could be considered markers responsible for the development of odontogenic lesions.
Expression of Mcm‐2, Ki‐67 and geminin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumours
Authors: Vargas P. A. , Cheng Y. , Barrett A. W. , Craig G. T. , Speight P. M. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Recent studies have proposed that minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins may be sensitive proliferation markers and may serve as novel biomarkers for prognostication and diagnosis of various pre‐malignant and malignant lesions. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of Mcm‐2, Ki‐67 and geminin in salivary gland (SG) tumours, and to evaluate their usefulness for diagnosis or for prediction of tumour behaviour.Methods:  Tissue from 62 SG tumours was assembled in tissue microarray format. There were 13 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), 10 carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenomas (CEPA), 10 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 10 polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinomas (PLGA), 10 pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and nine acinic cell carcinomas (AcCC). Clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively and immunohistochemical analyses of Mcm‐2, Ki‐67 and geminin were performed on all lesions. Labelling index (LI) for each marker was determined by counting the percentage of positive cells in six random fields from three arrays per case.Results:  Mcm‐2 expression was higher than Ki‐67 and geminin in all tumours studied. Mcm‐2 LI was higher in ACC (28.2 ± 19.2%) than in CEPA, AcCC, MEC, PA and PLGA (5.3 ± 4.1%, P = 0.001). Mcm‐2 LI was higher in CEPA (20.4 ± 5.0%) than in PA (6.9 ± 5.0%, P = 0.001). LI did not correlate to tumour grade or outcome for any of the markers or tumour types.Conclusions:  The findings suggest that Mcm‐2 may be a sensitive proliferation marker in SG tumours and may be useful for differential diagnosis between PA and CEPA, and ACC and PLGA. Further studies are warranted to assess the value of Mcm‐2 as a predictor of recurrence and survival.
Expression of platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA and platelet‐derived growth factor‐α receptor in ameloblastomas
Authors: Sulzbacher Irene , Wick Nikolaus , Pichlhofer Bettina , Mazal Peter R. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐AA isoform and its receptor, PDGF‐α receptor (PDGFRA) regulate tooth development and growth. We investigated the expression of both proteins in ameloblastomas, to contribute the understanding of the potential role of the PDGF/PDGFR system in this odontogenic neoplasm.Method:  Twenty‐nine specimens of ameloblastoma were analyzed for PDGF‐AA and PDGFRA expression using immunohistochemistry. The proliferation activity was investigated with the MIB‐1 antibody. Additionally, capillary sequencing of genomic DNA was performed to search for mutations in therapeutically relevant exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene.Results:  PDGF‐AA and PDGFRA expression were detectable in all cases with the exception of one tumor. However, protein expression levels did neither correlate with each other nor with MIB‐1 expression. Unicystic ameloblastomas did not differ from solid tumors with regard to PDGF‐AA, PDGFRA, and MIB‐1 expression. One tumor revealed a somatic mutation of exon 12 of the PDGFRA gene.Conclusion:  PDGF‐AA and PDGFRA proteins are regularly expressed in variable levels in ameloblastomas, and somatic mutations of exon 12 and exon 18 of the PDGFRA gene are rare findings.
High frequency of hypermethylation of p14, p15 and p16 in oral pre‐cancerous lesions associated with betel‐quid chewing in Sri Lanka
Authors: Takeshima Maiko , Saitoh Masato , Kusano Kaoru , Nagayasu Hiroki , Kurashige Yoshihito , Malsantha Muthumala , Arakawa Toshiya , Takuma Taishin , Chiba Itsuo , Kaku Tohru , Shibata Toshiyuki , Abiko Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma and the most common oral pre‐malignancies appear to be related to the habit of betel‐quid chewing in Sri Lanka. Although hypermethylation of the tumour suppressor genes in oral cancer have been well documented, little information has been available concerning hypermethylation in oral pre‐cancerous lesions. In the present study, we investigated the hypermethylation of p14, p15 and p16 in pre‐cancerous lesions including epithelial dysplasia and submucous fibrosis.Methods:  All samples were obtained from patients with a betel‐quid chewing habit in Sri Lanka. Sixty‐four patients were clinically diagnosed with leukoplakia, and histopathologically diagnosed with mild or severe dysplasia. Ten patients were diagnosed with submucous fibrosis without epithelial dysplasia. CpG island hypermethylation was assessed by a methylation‐specific PCR method. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti‐p53 antibodies.Results:  A high frequency of hypermethylation of p14, p15 and p16 was detected in the pre‐cancerous lesions, although no hypermethylation was found in normal epithelium. The frequency of hypermethylation was higher than that of positive staining for p53 mutation except in the case of p16 in mild dysplasia. No significant correlation was observed between p53‐positive reactions and hypermethylation in any lesions. The hypermethylation was highly detectable even in p53‐negative lesions, suggesting that hypermethylation of p14, p15 and p16 occur regardless of whether the lesions have p53 mutations or not.Conclusions:  The present study indicates that hypermethylation may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral pre‐cancerous lesions associated with betel‐quid chewing in Sri Lanka.
Morphometric analysis of the parotid gland affected by alcoholic sialosis
Authors: Bohl Luciana , Merlo Carolina , Carda Carmen , Gómez de Ferraris María Elsa , Carranza Miriam 
Published: August 2010

Background:  In alcoholic parotid sialosis, the gland is frequently enlarged due to ductal and/or acinar hypertrophy, ductal hyperplasy and stromal fat infiltration. The aim of this study was to determine acinar and ductal dimensions, the number of striated ducts and the proportion of fat tissue in patients with and without alcoholic parotid sialosis.Methods:  Twelve parotid biopsy samples from patients with hepatic alcoholic cirrhosis and those from seven controls were used. A morphometrical study with a digital image analyser attached to an optical microscope was carried out. Direct and indirect indicators from acinar and ductal dimensions were recorded. The number of striated ducts and the proportion of fat tissue in stroma were determined. Fifteen records for each variable were taken. Mean values were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test (P ≤ 0.05).Results:  There were no significant differences in acinar and ductal dimensions and the number of striated ducts between alcoholic and control patients. The proportion of fat tissue in alcoholic parotides was significantly lower than that in the controls.Conclusions:  These results do not corroborate previous qualitative descriptions about acinar and ductal hypertrophy and ductal hyperplasy in alcoholic patients. The main cause of parotid enlargement could not be stromal fat infiltration. The data could be used for differential diagnoses of sialosis.