bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerometer-based sedentary time and physical activity with MASLD and liver cirrhosis in 2684 British adolescents
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEvidence on the long-term relationship of sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) with liver steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and changes in liver enzymes in the paediatric population is limited. This study examined the associations of cumulative ST, LPA and MVPA from childhood with longitudinal changes in liver indices and enzymes. From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort, 2684 children aged 11 years who had at least one follow-up time-points accelerometer-measured ST, LPA and MVPA over a period of 13 years, and liver indices and enzymes measures at age 24 years clinic visit were included. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed by transient elastography and staged as fibrosis stage F0-F4 and steatosis grade (S0-S3) at age 24 years. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were assayed at ages 17 and 24 years. Longitudinal associations were examined using generalized linear mixed-effect models, while mediation analyses were conducted with structural equation models. Among 2684 children (mean [SD] age, 11.75 [0.24] years; 1537 [57.3%] females]), the prevalence of liver steatosis at age 17 years was 2.6% and 20.5% at age 24 years. The cumulative 1-minute/day increase in ST from ages 11–24 years was associated with higher odds of liver cirrhosis (odds ratio 1.004 [95% CI 1.002–1.005] p < 0.001) and severe liver steatosis (1.001 [1.001–1.002] p = 0.002) at age 24 years. Increased ST from childhood was directly associated with progressively increased ALT, AST and GGT from ages 17 to 24 years. Cumulative 1-min/day LPA was associated with lower odds of liver cirrhosis (0.990 [0.990–0.991] p < 0.001) and severe liver steatosis (0.999 [0.998–0.999] p < 0.001) at age 24 years, as well as decreased liver enzymes. Cumulative 1-min/day MVPA was associated with associated with lower odds of severe liver steatosis (0.996 [0.994–0.998] p < 0.001) but not liver cirrhosis at age 24 years. MVPA effect on lowering liver steatosis was significantly suppressed (64% suppression) by increased fat mass. In conclusion, increasing LPA, sustaining MVPA and decreasing ST from childhood may independently attenuate and reverse the risk of severe liver steatosis and liver cirrhosis by young adulthood.
Reinforcement learning driven moth‐flame optimisation algorithm for solving numerical optimisation problems
Authors: Zhao Fuqing , Du Yuqing , Wang Qiaoyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMoth‐flame optimisation (MFO) algorithm has received a lot of attention recently, due to its simple structure and easy coding. Researchers have demonstrated that the original MFO algorithm suffers from the drawbacks of insufficient variety, slow convergence speed, and readily sliding into local optimum, which are brought about by the imbalance between local and global search. Reinforcement learning driven moth‐flame optimisation (RLMFO) algorithm is designed to correct these issues. Opposition learning is employed to broaden the variety of the initial population. Reinforcement learning is introduced to direct the local and global search process of the algorithm. A strategy pool containing Gaussian mutation (GM), Cauchy mutation (CM), Lévy mutation (LM), and elite strategy (ES) is created to hold strategies with various functions. RLMFO is verified on the benchmark test suite in CEC 2017. RLMFO performs better than cutting‐edge algorithms according to experimental findings.
An analysis of parameters affecting ampacity in aircraft bipolar MVDC power cables via coupled electrical, thermal, and computational fluid dynamic modelling
Authors: Azizi Arian , Ghassemi Mona 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe next generation of aircraft, including more electric aircraft and all‐electric aircraft (AEA), requires electric power systems with high power density and low system mass specifications. Increasing the voltage of the system to the range of a few kV, medium voltage (MV), is a reasonable approach to achieving high‐power‐density and low‐system‐mass EPSs for aircraft applications. Higher voltages, however, pose many challenges for aviation MV power cables such as arcs and arc tracking, partial discharges (PDs), and thermal management. In this regard, thermal management is more challenging since heat transfer by convection is greatly reduced at wide‐body aircraft's cruising altitudes due to the reduced air pressure. In this paper, a finite element method (FEM) model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics for an aircraft bipolar MVDC (±5 kV) power cable. Using the model, the maximum permissible cable current at a low pressure of 18.8 kPa (at an altitude of 12.2 km from sea level, the usual cruising altitude for wide‐body aircraft) is calculated. Also, an analytical model is developed based on analytical and proven empirical correlations governing conductive, radiative, and convective heat transfers at the steady state to estimate the ampacity of the bipolar cable system at reduced pressure. It was shown that the proposed analytical model can be used for atmospheric pressure and systems with a larger number of poles, expanding its range of applications. The results of the FEM and analytical models correlate at wide ranges of parameters such as ambient temperature, duct size, distance between the positive and negative pole cables, and the overall diameter of the cables. The influence of horizontal and vertical arrangement of poles is included in the analytical model. The results of this study can be used to design bipolar MVDC power cable systems for the envisaged wide‐body AEA.
Failure mechanism of metallized film capacitors under DC field superimposed AC harmonic: From equipment to material
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Zhou Yihan , Wang Xuguang , Liu Hongbo , Cheng Lu , Liu Wenfeng , Li Shengtao , Guo Jiang , Xu Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the degradation behaviour of metallised film capacitors, which are the essential components for the stability of converter valves in flexible ultra‐high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Through systematic experimentation, we investigated the failure mechanisms of MFCs under HVDC fields with superimposed harmonics, considering both equipment and material perspectives. The experiments subjected capacitors to 500 h of ageing under two conditions: a DC/AC‐superimposed field with a constant DC component of 290 kV/mm and an AC ripple rate varying from 12% to 28%, and a control group aged solely under a DC field. Our findings indicate that capacitors aged under the DC/AC‐superimposed field exhibited shorter lifespans and more significant capacitance loss than those aged under only the DC field. This difference in performance is primarily attributed to the distinct electrode loss behaviours observed under each ageing condition, which are key factors in the capacitors' capacitance decay. Moreover, the biaxially oriented polypropylene films in the DC‐aged samples showed more severe deterioration, characterised by more noticeable molecular chain scission and reduced breakdown strength, compared to those aged under the DC/AC superimposed field. This difference is partly due to the moderate temperature increase caused by harmonics, which benefits the aggregation structure, and partly to the reduced molecular structure damage from the AC field.
Image super‐resolution reconstruction based on implicit image functions
Authors: Lin Hai , Yang JunJie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImage super‐resolution (SR) reconstruction is a key technique for improving image quality and details. Conventional methods are frequently limited by interpolation, filtering, or statistical approaches; thus, they are unable to reconstruct high‐quality continuously enlarged images with detailed information. This study proposes an image SR reconstruction network model, called LALNet, based on implicit image functions and residual multilayered perceptron (RAMLP) with an attention mechanism. Through the implicit image function and RAMLP + attention, high‐quality SR reconstruction with continuous scale factors is achieved, and LALNets can run on embedded edge computing platforms. This method exhibits the following advantages: lightweight network structure reduces computing requirements, introduction of implicit image functions and RAMLP improves reconstruction quality, and attention mechanism suppresses artefacts and distortions. Experimental results show that LALNet outperforms traditional and other deep learning methods in terms of reconstruction performance and computational efficiency. This research provides new ideas and methods for the further development of the field of image SR reconstruction.
Securing smart cities through machine learning: A honeypot‐driven approach to attack detection in Internet of Things ecosystems
Authors: Ahmed Yussuf , Beyioku Kehinde , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid increase and adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices have introduced unprecedented conveniences into modern life. However, this growth has also ushered in a wave of cyberattacks targeting these often‐vulnerable systems. Smart cities, relying on interconnected sensors, are particularly susceptible to attacks due to the expanded entry points created by these devices. A security breach in such systems can compromise personal data and disrupt entire ecosystems. Traditional security measures are inadequate against the evolving sophistication of cyberattacks. The authors aim to address these challenges by leveraging honeypot data and machine learning to enhance IoT security. The research focuses on three objectives: identifying datasets from IoT‐targeted honeypots, evaluating machine learning algorithms for threat detection, and proposing comprehensive security solutions. Real‐world cyber‐attack datasets from diverse honeypots simulating IoT devices are analysed using various machine learning and neural network algorithms. Results demonstrate significant improvement in cyber‐attack detection and mitigation when integrating honeypot data into IoT security frameworks. The authors advance knowledge and provides practical insights for implementing robust security measures in diverse IoT applications, filling a crucial research gap.
Discussion of ABC7 Consensus and German Recommendations
Authors: Untch Michael , Ditsch Nina , Fasching Peter A. , Busch Steffi , Ettl Johannes , Haidinger Renate , Harbeck Nadia , Jackisch Christian , Lüftner Diana , Müller Lothar , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Schumacher-Wulf Eva , Thomssen Christoph , Wuerstlein Rachel , Müller Volkmar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rationale behind the “International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer” (ABC) is to standardize the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer worldwide using an evidence-based approach. The aim is also to ensure that patients in all countries receive adequate treatment based on current treatment recommendations and standards. The 7th International Consensus Conference on Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC7) took place from November 9 to 12, 2023 in Lisbon/Portugal. ABC7 focused on metastatic disease as well as on locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer. Special topics included the treatment of oligometastatic patients, leptomeningeal disease, treatment of brain metastases, and pregnant women with ABC. As in previous years, patient advocates from all over the world participated in the consensus conference and were involved in decision making.
Neue Empfehlungen zur Schwerverletzten-Versorgung: die Novellierung der S3-Leitlinie Polytrauma/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung
Authors: Benning Dominik , Hackenberg Lisa , Pavlu Florian , Weber Wolfgang , Franke Axel , Kollig Erwin , Bieler Dan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe third revision of the S3 guideline on polytrauma/severe injury treatment was conducted
under the leadership of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU) by a total of 26
scientific medical professional societies and organizations. It represents a comprehensive
update of the recommendations for the care of severely injured patients, based on new
scientific findings and studies. The guideline comprises 332 core recommendations with varying
levels of recommendation and corresponding explanations, which consider expert knowledge and
over 2400 cited references, thus meeting the highest level (S3) of guideline quality. The
changes, particularly regarding trauma team activation, are of particular importance to
emergency medical services. Two new chapters with recommendations for haemorrhage control and
pain management in pre-hospital care have been added. Overall, the guideline remains an
important standard for decision-making in the diagnosis and treatment of severely injured
patients.
Kardiovaskuläre MRT in der Bewertung von Kardiomyopathien – ein aktueller Überblick
Authors: Friedrich Matthias 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beschreibt den klinischen Nutzen der kardiovaskulären Magnetresonanztomografie (Kardio-MRT) bei Patienten mit Kardiomyopathien. Die Kardio-MRT hat sich aufgrund ihrer hohen räumlichen Auflösung, 3-D-Fähigkeiten und der Abwesenheit ionisierender Strahlung als unverzichtbares Werkzeug bei der Beurteilung von Kardiomyopathien erwiesen und ist besonders geeignet für Diagnose und Management. Sie wird in Richtlinien für ihre Präzision bei der Diagnose und Differenzierung verschiedener Formen von Kardiomyopathien anerkannt und zur Beurteilung von Ventrikelvolumen, -masse und -funktion verwendet. MRT-Techniken wie T1- und T2-Mapping, Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) und Protonenspektroskopie bieten Einblicke in akute und chronische Myokardschäden. Ihre Rolle bei der Risikostratifizierung wird durch die Korrelation von LGE-Präsenz und -Ausmaß mit dem Risiko schwerwiegender Komplikationen hervorgehoben. Die Entwicklung von hochauflösender Bildgebung, 4-D-Flow und
künstlicher Intelligenz erweitert weiterhin ihr diagnostisches Potenzial. Insbesondere die akute Myokarditis, eine diagnostisch herausfordernde Erkrankung, profitiert von der nicht invasiven und inzwischen auch kontrastmittelfreien Visualisierung von Myokardödem und Nekrose durch die MRT.Der Artikel beschreibt den spezifischen Nutzen der Kardio-MRT, insbesondere für die quantitative Beurteilung der Funktion und nicht invasive Charakterisierung des Myokardgewebes bei dilatativer Kardiomyopathie, hypertropher Kardiomyopathie, kardialer Amyloidose, Morbus Fabry, Eisenüberladung und Sarkoidose sowie stressinduzierter Kardiomyopathie und arrhythmogener ventrikulärer Kardiomyopathie. Auch neue MRT-Techniken und künstliche Intelligenz zur verbesserten Diagnose und Risikostratifizierung werden diskutiert.
Auswirkungen der positiven Überdruckbeatmung auf die Lungenkapazität bei Militärpiloten – eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Sammito Stefan , Post Janina 
Published: May 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn modernen Kampfflugzeugen wird der Pilot im Rahmen von Anti-G-Maßnahmen durch eine Überdruckbeatmung (PBG, Positive Pressure Breathing for G-Protection) hohen Beatmungsdrücken von bis zu 70 mmHg ausgesetzt. Wenngleich die positiven Effekte der PBG auf die G-Toleranz von (Kampfjet-)Piloten gut untersucht sind, gibt es keine aktuelle Übersicht über die Folgen dieser an sich unphysiologischen Beatmungsdrücke. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht hat daher das Ziel, den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Sachstand zu den kurz- wie auch langfristigen Folgen der PBG auf den Piloten in modernen Kampfflugzeugen zusammenzufassen. Soweit die wenigen Studien dies zulassen, scheint der Effekt einer assistierten bzw. nicht assistierten Überdruckbeatmung sich positiv auf die Leistungssteigerung auszuwirken, während in den vorliegenden Studien keine nennenswerten akuten und/oder längeren unerwünschten Effekte, teilweise aber auf Basis kleiner Kollektive, zu erkennen war.
Clinical Research Primer for Medical Students: Overview and Illustrative Experiences
Authors: Evans Alexander R. , Stephens Tressie , Jea Andrew H. , Bauer Andrew M. , Dunn Ian F. , Graffeo Christopher S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background The ability to participate in clinical scholarship is a foundational component of modern evidence-based medical practice, empowering improvement across essentially every aspect of clinical care. In tandem, the need for comprehensive exposure to clinical research has been identified as a critical component of medical student training and preparation for residency that is underserved by traditional undergraduate medical education models. The goal of the current work was to provide guidelines and recommendations to assist novice medical students in taking ownership of their research education.
Methods The Clinical Research Primer was composed from pooled research documents compiled by the study authors and our institutional neurosurgery student research group. The Primer was then structured as the natural evolution of a research project from its inception through the submission process.
Results We divided the foundational components of the Clinical Research Primer into seven domains, each representing a landmark in the development of a peer-reviewed study, and a set of skills critical for junior scholars to develop. These vital components included the following: pitching and designing clinical studies, developing a research workflow, navigating the Institutional Review Board, data collection and analysis, manuscript writing and editing, submission mechanics, and tracking research projects for career development.
Conclusion We anticipate that the tools included in the Clinical Research Primer will increase student research productivity and preparedness for residency. Although our recommendations are informed by our experiences within neurosurgery, they have been written in a manner that should generalize to almost any field of clinical study.
Validation of a Portable Respiratory Monitoring System for the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Crossectional Study
Authors: Silva Marcus Vinicius F.P. , Lustosa Thais Clementino , Lins-Filho Ozeas Lima , Clímaco Danielle Cristina Silva , Patriota Tarcya Couto , Magalhães Jessica Amorim , Queiroga Fernando , Cabral Marilia Montenegro , Medeiros Ana Kelley , Neto Luiz Oliveira , Rodrigues Valesca Kehrle , Drager Luciano F. , Pedrosa Rodrigo Pinto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Portable respiratory monitoring (PM) has been used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population. However, its validation in patients with both OSA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), remains unclear.
Objective The aim of the study was to validate PM for the diagnosis of OSA in patients with COPD.
Materials and Methods In this crossectional study, COPD patients were submitted simultaneously to polysomnography (PSG) and PM. Moreover, the risk for OSA was verified by the Berlin, NoSAS, and STOP-BANG questionnaires. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PM were calculated for the cutoff points of the hypopnea apnea index (AHI) of 5, 15, and 30 events/hour, as well as for the questionnaires. The Bland-Altman test and correlation analyses between the AHI of the PSG and PM were performed.
Results A total of 103 patients were evaluated (age 67.5 ± 9.9 years, 60% men). The STOP-BANG questionnaire had the highest sensitivity for OSA diagnosis, at 94.4% (72.7–99.9%). The sensitivity of PM decreased (87.0, 66.7, and 44.4%), and the specificity increased 40.0, 78.6, and 100.0%) as the AHI cutoff point increased from 5, 15, and 30. The Bland-Altman test indicated good limits of agreement (AHI = 5.5 ± 11.7 events/hour). Therefore, the AHI results of the PM showed a strong and positive correlation with those of the PSG (r = 0.70, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion The PM test can be a useful tool for OSA diagnosis in patients with COPD.
Periventricular Heterotopias: Neuroependymal Abnormalities
Authors: Costanza Giuseppe , Fichera Valeria , Zanghì Antonio , Polizzi Agata , Falsaperla Raffaele , Vecchio Michele , Palmucci Stefano , Belfiore Giuseppe , David Emanuele , Praticò Andrea D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeriventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a group of malformation of cortical development characterized by ectopic neuronal nodules, located along the lateral ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging can identify gray matter nodules located in wall of ventricles, which appear as island having the same signal of gray matter within white matter. The symptomatological spectrum is various, but the most common clinical presentation is with epileptic seizures, often a drug-resistant type. Features as severity, age of presentation, and associated malformations depend on the underlying etiology. From a genetic point of view, FLNA1 and ERMARD are acknowledged to be the main target of mutations that cause PVNH, although recently many other genes have shown a clear pathogenetic involvement. PVNH may manifest as a solitary discovery in brain imaging or present in conjunction with various other brain or systemic abnormalities. The diagnosis of PVNH is mainly carried out with electroneurophysiological and neuroimaging examinations, while the etiological diagnosis is made with genetic investigations. Treatment consists of use of anticonvulsant drugs, but no significant difference exists among them. In addition, frequently, PVNH-related seizures show poor response to drug, leading to requirement for surgical treatment, performed taking advantages from stereotactic ablative techniques that have a meaningful impact on surgical outcome.
What Is Working for Practitioners: A Mixed Method Analysis Using the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool
Authors: Cardon Teresa , Griffith Annette K. , Koutsoftas Anthony D. , Rieken Chrystal Jansz , Eaton Angeline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterprofessional practice (IPP) is thought to increase coordination of care and provide numerous benefits for clients and practitioners. While the importance of interprofessional education and practice has been emphasized in the literature and by numerous organizations including the World Health Organization, understanding what is working for practitioners is still elusive. Using the World Health Organization's framework regarding IPP and the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) guidelines and competencies, this research attempted to identify what is working for practitioners when it comes to IPP and where opportunities for growth are still evident. The Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool was distributed to practitioners across disciplines, with a focus on speech-language pathologists and behavior analysts, and both qualitative and quantitative measures were analyzed to determine what reported IPP strategies are in use. Results indicated that practitioners are more similar than they are different when it comes to what is working with regard to the IPEC competencies (i.e., values/ethics for interprofessional practice, roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork) and where change is needed. Discussion and suggestions relevant to clinical practice were identified and a call for development of IPP training across and within disciplines based on IPEC competencies is recommended.