bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does family history of alcohol problems influence college and university drinking or substance use? A meta‐analytical review
Authors: Elliott Jennifer C. , Carey Kate B. , Bonafide Katherine E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAims  Family history of alcohol use problems is a reliable determinant of alcohol use and problems in the population at large, but findings are inconsistent when this issue is examined in college and university students. No quantitative summary of this literature has been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta‐analysis on the effects of family history on substance use and abuse in college and university students.Methods  A two‐group contrast meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the differences in substance use and abuse between family history‐positive and ‐negative students pursuing higher education. The studies that contributed data to this meta‐analysis were conducted in five countries, with the majority of studies from the United States. A total of 65 published papers (53 samples) contributed data from 89 766 participants attending university or college. Effect sizes were coded for alcohol consumption, problems and use disorder symptoms, as well as other illegal drug use and abuse. Two independent coders calculated effect sizes and coded descriptive content about the papers, and discrepancies were reconciled. Family history was used as the grouping variable.Results  Family history had a minimal effect on alcohol consumption, with stronger effects on alcohol consequences (Cohen's d: 0.21–0.25), alcohol use disorder symptoms (Cohen's d: 0.24) and other drug involvement (Cohen's d: 0.37–0.86).Conclusions  Relative to students without a family history of alcohol problems, students with positive family histories do not drink more, but may be at greater risk for difficulties with alcohol and drugs.
Does targeted pre‐load optimisation by stroke volume variation attenuate a reduction in cardiac output in the prone position
Authors: Wu C.‐Y. , Lee T.‐S. , Chan K.‐C. , Jeng C.‐S. , Cheng Y.‐J. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe prone position can reduce cardiac output by up to 25% due to reduced preload. We hypothesised that preload optimisation targeted to stroke volume variation before turning prone might alleviate this. A supine threshold stroke volume variation of 14% in a preliminary study identified patients whose cardiac outputs would decline when turned prone. In 45 patients, cardiac output declined only in the group whose supine stroke volume variation was high (mean (SD) 5.1 (2.0) to 3.9 (1.9) l.min−1; p < 0.001), but not in patients in whom it was low, or in those in whom stroke volume variation was high, but who received volume preload (p = 0.525 and 0.941, respectively). We conclude that targeted preload optimisation using a supine stroke volume variation value < 14% is effective in preventing falls in cardiac output induced by the prone position.
Bortezomib salvage followed by a Phase I/II study of bortezomib plus high‐dose melphalan and tandem autologous transplantation for patients with primary resistant myeloma
Authors: Nishihori Taiga , Alekshun Todd J. , Shain Kenneth , Sullivan Daniel M. , Baz Rachid , Perez Lia , Pidala Joseph , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Ochoa‐Bayona Jose L. , Fernandez Hugo F. , Yarde Danielle N. , Oliveira Vasco , Fulp William , Han Gang , Kim Jongphil , Chen Dung‐Tsa , Raychaudhuri Jyoti , Dalton William , Anasetti Claudio , Alsina Melissa 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe conducted a Phase 1/2 study of bortezomib administered in combination with high‐dose melphalan followed by tandem autologous transplants in patients with primary resistant multiple myeloma. Thirty patients received two cycles of salvage bortezomib followed by stem cell mobilization with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and harvest. Melphalan 100 mg/m2 per day on two consecutive days was administered, immediately followed by one dose of bortezomib (dose escalation) and stem cell infusion. The median beta 2‐microglobulin was 4·35 mg/l (range: 1·8–11·4); albumin was 37 g/l (range: 3·1–4·9); high‐risk karyotypes were noted in 45% of patients. The maximum planned dose of bortezomib at 1·3 mg/m2 was well tolerated and a formal maximum tolerated dose was not determined. The peak of best overall response (≥partial response) and complete response rates after tandem transplants were 84% and 36%, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 48 months, the median progression‐free survival was 15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 11–21] months and the median overall survival was 35 (95% CI: 22–43) months. Correlative studies demonstrated decreased expression of BRCA2 (P = 0·0072) and FANCF (P = 0·0458) mRNA following bortezomib treatment. Bortezomib combined with high‐dose melphalan is a well‐tolerated conditioning with some activity in patients with resistant myeloma.
T‐cell replete fludarabine/cyclophosphamide reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation for lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Auer Rebecca L. , MacDougall Finlay , Oakervee Heather E. , Taussig David , Davies Jeff K. , Syndercombe‐Court Denise , Agrawal Samir , Cavenagh Jamie D. , Lister T. Andrew , Gribben John G. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe relative merits of reduced‐intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RISCT) for high‐risk indolent lymphoid malignancies are emerging, although the preferred conditioning regimen to manage the risks of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is not clearly defined. Here we report the outcome of 73 patients with lymphoid malignancies who received RISCT with a fludarabine/cyclophosphosphamide conditioning regimen and a median follow‐up of 3 years. Median age was 54 years. Forty‐eight per cent of patients had previously undergone autologous stem cell transplantation with a median of three prior therapies. Non‐relapse mortality at 3 years was 19% but only 5% for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Three‐year overall survival and current progression‐free survival was 67% and 63% respectively. Grade 2–4 acute GVHD occurred in 14% of patients while 49% had chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppression. The preparatory regimen in this study has the advantage of reduced acute GVHD and low mortality, notably in patients with MM. In addition, this strategy provides long‐term disease control in a significant proportion of patients with particular benefit in those with high‐risk follicular lymphoma.
Pre‐existing root cementum may promote cementoblast differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Song A. , Cai J. , Pan K. , Yang P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo observe whether preserved healthy cementum could promote differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells to cementoblasts.Materials and methodsSymmetrical root slices from each healthy premolar were distributed into either the control group (cementum removed) or test group (cementum preserved). After isolation and characterization, human periodontal ligament cells were inoculated onto root slices for 7 days co‐culture. Two slices per group were studied for cell morphology by scanning electronic microscopy. Twenty‐three slices were detected for expression of cementum attachment protein and cementum protein 23, two putative cementoblast markers, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Twenty slices were transplanted into nude mice and analysed using histology and immunohistochemistry for osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression after 8 weeks.ResultsCells of the test group had smoother fibroblast morphology and higher cementum protein 23 and cementum attachment protein expression than those of the control group (P < 0.01). In the test group, 14 root slices revealed cementum‐like matrix formation resting on old cementum; no splits were observed between newly formed matrix and old cementum. In the control group, 17 specimens had fibrous tissue formation along the root surface and varying width of splits could be seen between new fibrous tissue and dentine surface. Only three specimens demonstrated presence of newly formed thin cementum‐like matrix. Newly formed cementum‐like matrix was positive for osteopontin and bone sialoprotein.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that healthy root cementum may promote differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells towards cementoblasts.
Comparison of American and European practices in the management of patients with primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Hernandez-Trujillo H S , Chapel H , Lo Re V , Notarangelo L D , Gathmann B , Grimbacher B , Boyle J M , Hernandez-Trujillo V P , Scalchunes C , Boyle M L , Orange J S 
Published: March 2012

Summary
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare disorders. This study was devised in order to compare management of these diseases in the northern hemisphere, given the variability of practice among clinicians in North America. The members of two international societies for clinical immunologists were asked about their management protocols in relation to their PID practice. An anonymous internet questionnaire, used previously for a survey of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI), was offered to all full members of the European Society for Immunodeficiency (ESID). The replies were analysed in three groups, according to the proportion of PID patients in the practice of each respondent; this resulted in two groups from North America and one from Europe. The 123 responses from ESID members (23·7%) were, in the majority, very similar to those of AAAAI respondents, with &gt; 10% of their practice devoted to primary immunodeficiency. There were major differences between the responses of these two groups and those of the general AAAAI respondents whose clinical practice was composed of &lt; 10% of PID patients. These differences included the routine use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg) for particular types of PIDs, initial levels of IVIg doses, dosing intervals, routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, perceptions of the usefulness of subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy (SCIg) and of the risk to patients' health of policies adopted by health-care funders. Differences in practice were identified and are discussed in terms of methods of health-care provision, which suggest future studies for ensuring continuation of appropriate levels of immunoglobulin replacement therapies.
Oral treatment with Hev b 13 ameliorates experimental colitis in mice
Authors: Teixeira L B , Epifânio V L A A , Lachat J J , Foss N T , Coutinho-Netto J 
Published: March 2012

Summary
Hev b 13 is an allergenic esterase obtained from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, which has been shown recently to induce human mononuclear cells to release interleukin (IL)-10 in vitro. This immunoregulatory cytokine appears to play an important role in preventing inflammation and mucosal damage in animal models of colitis and in Crohn's disease patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Hev b 13 in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Two hours following colonic instillation of the haptenizing agent, and daily thereafter for 5 days, Hev b 13 was administered by oral gavage. In mice treated with daily doses of either 0·5 mg/kg or 5·0 mg/kg of Hev b 13, the clinical signs of diarrhoea, rectal prolapse and body weight loss and also histological damage of the distal colon, were reduced significantly, in comparison with water-treated diseased mice. These findings suggest a potent anti-inflammatory activity of Hev b 13; this activity is speculated to be related to its interaction with cells from the immune system.
Developments in rabies vaccines
Authors: Hicks D J , Fooks A R , Johnson N 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThe development of vaccines that prevent rabies has a long and distinguished history, with the earliest preceding modern understanding of viruses and the mechanisms of immune protection against disease. The correct application of inactivated tissue culture-derived vaccines is highly effective at preventing the development of rabies, and very few failures are recorded. Furthermore, oral and parenteral vaccination is possible for wildlife, companion animals and livestock, again using inactivated tissue culture-derived virus. However, rabies remains endemic in many regions of the world and causes thousands of human deaths annually. There also remain no means of prophylaxis for rabies once the virus enters the central nervous system (CNS). One reason for this is the poor immune response within the CNS to infection with rabies virus (RABV). New approaches to vaccination using modified rabies viruses that express components of the innate immune system are being applied to this problem. Preliminary reports suggest that direct inoculation of such viruses could trigger an effective anti-viral response and prevent a fatal outcome from RABV infection.
Assessing nutritional status of acute intermittent porphyria patients
Authors: García‐Diz Luis , Murcia M. Antonia , Gris Jose L. , Pons Antoni , Monteagudo Celia , Martínez‐Tomé Magdalena , Jiménez‐Monreal Antonia M. 
Published: March 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (9): 943–952AbstractBackground  Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a metabolic disease of haem synthesis, whose haem precursors may accumulate in the body. A well‐balanced diet may prevent the symptoms, so that porphyric patients should be monitored closely during therapy for possible complications concerning any progression of acute porphyria. The aim was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with AIP and to assess their compliance with nutritional recommendations, comparing the findings with a control group and assessing any possible nutritional deficiency.Material and Methods  Sixteen patients with AIP and a control group were evaluated by means of a lifestyle questionnaire, the Nutrition Screening Initiative checklist and a dietary questionnaire. The following diet quality indicators were calculated: animal and vegetal proteins, protein quality index, PUFA/SFA and MUFA + PUFA/SFA ratios, insoluble dietary fibre (DF)/total DF, soluble DF/total DF and insoluble DF/soluble DF ratios, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin density and the vitamin B6/protein ratio.Statistical methods  Differences in continuous variables were compared using the unpaired Student’s t‐test and the chi‐square test for nonparametric variables. The odds ratio (OR) of malnutrition was also used.Results  Our patients showed a low intake of carbohydrates, a high lipid intake and very high protein intake, and accompanied by an inadequate intake of zinc, folic acid and tocopherol, increasing the risk of malnutrition for energy, Ca, Fe, Mg, K, folic acid and tocopherols.Conclusions  The patients with AIP studied individually show an increased risk of malnutrition and, given the potential increase of oxidative stress in patients with porphyria, it is recommended that they should increase their intake of carbohydrates, minerals and antioxidant nutrients.
Implementation of proteomic biomarkers: making it work
Authors: Mischak Harald , Ioannidis John P.A. , Argiles Angel , Attwood Teresa K. , Bongcam‐Rudloff Erik , Broenstrup Mark , Charonis Aristidis , Chrousos George P , Delles Christian , Dominiczak Anna , Dylag Tomasz , Ehrich Jochen , Egido Jesus , Findeisen Peter , Jankowski Joachim , Johnson Robert W. , Julien Bruce A. , Lankisch Tim , Leung Hing Y. , Maahs David , Magni Fulvio , Manns Michael P. , Manolis Efthymios , Mayer Gert , Navis Gerjan , Novak Jan , Ortiz Alberto , Persson Frederik , Peter Karlheinz , Riese Hans H. , Rossing Peter , Sattar Naveed , Spasovski Goce , Thongboonkerd Visith , Vanholder Raymond , Schanstra Joost P. , Vlahou Antonia 
Published: March 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (9): 1027–1036AbstractWhile large numbers of proteomic biomarkers have been described, they are generally not implemented in medical practice. We have investigated the reasons for this shortcoming, focusing on hurdles downstream of biomarker verification, and describe major obstacles and possible solutions to ease valid biomarker implementation. Some of the problems lie in suboptimal biomarker discovery and validation, especially lack of validated platforms with well‐described performance characteristics to support biomarker qualification. These issues have been acknowledged and are being addressed, raising the hope that valid biomarkers may start accumulating in the foreseeable future. However, successful biomarker discovery and qualification alone does not suffice for successful implementation. Additional challenges include, among others, limited access to appropriate specimens and insufficient funding, the need to validate new biomarker utility in interventional trials, and large communication gaps between the parties involved in implementation. To address this problem, we propose an implementation roadmap. The implementation effort needs to involve a wide variety of stakeholders (clinicians, statisticians, health economists, and representatives of patient groups, health insurance, pharmaceutical companies, biobanks, and regulatory agencies). Knowledgeable panels with adequate representation of all these stakeholders may facilitate biomarker evaluation and guide implementation for the specific context of use. This approach may avoid unwarranted delays or failure to implement potentially useful biomarkers, and may expedite meaningful contributions of the biomarker community to healthcare.
Distribution and habitat of unionid mussels and invasive sea lamprey larvae in the Paw Paw River, a tributary of Lake Michigan
Authors: GRUBER BRIDGET L. , GONZALEZ SARA A. ALDERSTEIN , BADRA PETER J. , HERBERT MATTHEW E. 
Published: March 2012

Summary1. Lampricides are commonly used to control invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in tributaries around the Great Lakes (U.S.A.) by targeting their larvae (ammocoetes). As lampricides have sublethal effects on unionids, this study investigated unionid and ammocoete distribution and habitat use to aid in refining lampricide applications.2. Habitat and unionid surveys were conducted in the Paw Paw River, in south‐west Michigan (U.S.A.). Unionids were predominately present in the upper main stem, while the probability of ammocoete presence was highest in the tributaries and lower main stem.3. Generalised linear models revealed median particle size and gradient to be effective predictors of unionid distributions, while distance to sea lamprey spawning habitat and bank stability were effective predictors of ammocoete distributions.4. Minimal overlap of unionid and ammocoete distributions suggests that refinement of lampricide treatment in the Paw Paw River is possible. We propose redefining the extent of the treatment unit so that only areas with a high probability of ammocoete presence and a low probability of unionid presence are treated with lampricide. This could result in reducing treatment costs and minimising threats to unionid conservation, while not jeopardising the success of lampricide treatment programmes.
Effects of propionic acid and Lactobacillus buchneri (UFLA SIL 72) addition on fermentative and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silage treated with and without calcium oxide
Authors: Carvalho B. F. , Ávila C. L. S. , Pinto J. C. , Pereira M. N. , Schwan R. F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a new strain of Lactobacillus buchneri (UFLA SIL 72) isolated from sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) silage and the addition of propionic acid [1% based on fresh matter (FM)] to silages treated with and without calcium oxide (1% of FM) at 60 and 170 d of ensiling. A randomized block design with a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to analyse the results. The use of calcium oxide reduced the ethanol content and neutral detergent fibre in all silages, increased pH values and favoured the growth of clostridia and yeasts. The addition of propionic acid reduced the yeast population, but it was not able to reduce ethanol content of silage. The addition of L. buchneri resulted in silages with higher concentration of propionate, reduced the levels of ethanol and reduced the population of clostridia in all silages. The use of calcium oxide is not recommended for silage of sugar cane.
An open trial of self‐help behaviours of clients with eating disorders in an online programme
Authors: Leung Sau Fong , Joyce Ma Lai Chong , Russell Janice 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the self‐help behaviour of individuals with eating disorders in an Internet‐based self‐help programme developed in the Asia‐Pacific region and to determine their compliance with the programme.Background.  Eating disorders represent a growing health problem affecting both Western and Asian countries. Without timely and adequate treatment, individuals with eating disorders are at risk of premature death. Self‐help approaches for treating eating disorders offer therapeutic promise.Design.  An open trial design was used.Method.  This study, conducted from August 2006–July 2011, included 280 participants recruited from outpatient eating disorder clinics and treatment units and through a university student newspaper and Internet websites. This open trial evaluated an Internet‐based self‐help programme, which included components on healthy eating, family education, health assessment, motivation enhancement, self‐help strategies, and psychological health promotion. The progress of participants was followed up via monthly e‐mails. A tracking system was implemented to determine their compliance with the programme.Findings.  A small majority of the participants (56·9%) were already undergoing treatment for their eating disorders. About 63% (n = 176) demonstrated self‐help behaviour, as manifested by their completion of health assessment questionnaires, involvement in motivation enhancement exercises, or the use of self‐help strategies such as monitoring, normalizing eating behaviour, and stress management. Improvements were observed in their eating disorder psychopathology, motivational stage of change and psychological health from baseline to the 1‐month follow up.Conclusion.  Internet‐based self‐help programmes for eating disorders are helpful adjuncts to professional treatment.
The role of self‐injury in the organisation of behaviour
Authors: Sandman C. A. , Kemp A. S. , Mabini C. , Pincus D. , Magnusson M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Self‐injuring acts are among the most dramatic behaviours exhibited by human beings. There is no known single cause and there is no universally agreed upon treatment. Sophisticated sequential and temporal analysis of behaviour has provided alternative descriptions of self‐injury that provide new insights into its initiation and maintenance.Method  Forty hours of observations for each of 32 participants were collected in a contiguous 2‐week period. Twenty categories of behavioural and environmental events were recorded electronically that captured the precise time each observation occurred. Temporal behavioural/environmental patterns associated with self‐injurious events were revealed with a method (t‐patterns; THEME) for detecting non‐linear, real‐time patterns.Results  Results indicated that acts of self‐injury contributed both to more patterns and to more complex patterns. Moreover, self‐injury left its imprint on the organisation of behaviour even when counts of self‐injury were expelled from the continuous record.Conclusions  Behaviour of participants was organised in a more diverse array of patterns when self‐injurious behaviour was present. Self‐injuring acts may function as singular points, increasing coherence within self‐organising patterns of behaviour.