bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Impairment-Based Exercise and Manual Therapy Intervention for Patients With Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Tate Angela R. , McClure Philip W. , Young Ian A. , Salvatori Renata , Michener Lori A. 
Published: September 2010

Study Design Case series. Background Few studies have defined the dosage and specific techniques of manual therapy and exercise for rehabilitation for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. This case series describes a standardized treatment program for subacromial impingement syndrome and the time course and outcomes over a 12-week period. Case Description Ten patients (age range, 19–70 years) with subacromial impingement syndrome defined by inclusion and exclusion criteria were treated with a standardized protocol for 10 visits over 6 to 8 weeks. The protocol included a 3-phase progressive strengthening program, manual stretching, thrust and nonthrust manipulation to the shoulder and spine, patient education, activity modification, and a daily home exercise program of stretching and strengthening. Patients completed a history and measures of impairments and functional disability at 2, 4, 6, and 12 weeks. Outcomes Treatment success was defined as both a 50% improvement on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score and a global rating of change of at least “moderately better.” At 6 weeks, 6 of 10 patients had a successful (mean ± SD) DASH outcome score (initial, 33.9 ± 16.2; 6 weeks, 8.1 ± 9.2). At 12 weeks, 8 of 10 patients had a successful DASH outcome score (initial, 33.1 ± 14; 12 weeks, 8.3 ± 6.4). As a group, the largest improvement was in the first 2 weeks. The most common impairments for all 10 patients were rotator cuff and trapezius muscle weakness (10 of 10 patients), limited shoulder internal rotation motion (8 of 10 patients), and reduced kyphosis of the midthoracic area (7 of 10 patients). Discussion A program aimed at strengthening rotator cuff and scapular muscles, with stretching and manual therapy aimed at thoracic spine and the posterior and inferior soft-tissue structures of the glenohumeral joint appeared to be successful in the majority of patients. This case series describes a comprehensive impairment-based treatment which resulted in symptomatic and functional improvement in 8 of 10 patients in 6 to 12 weeks. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(8):474–493. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3223
The Effects of Thoracic Manipulation on Posteroanterior Spinal Stiffness
Authors: Campbell Brad D. , Snodgrass Suzanne J. 
Published: September 2010

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, with measurements taken before and after a standardized clinical intervention Objectives To determine if thoracic manipulation alters the posteroanterior (PA) spinal stiffness of the thoracic spine, and the factors associated with any potential changes in stiffness. Background Spinal manipulation is commonly used to treat thoracic pain and dysfunction. Therapists use manual assessment of PA spinal stiffness to determine the appropriateness and effectiveness of treatment, with potential changes in spinal stiffness possibly contributing to symptomatic improvement following manipulation. Methods Thoracic PA spinal stiffness was measured at 5 vertebral levels (manipulated level and 2 levels above and below), in 24 asymptomatic subjects, before and after manipulation. Five cycles of standardized mechanical PA force were applied to the spinous process while recording resistance to movement and concurrent displacement, with stiffness defined as the slope of the linear portion of the force-displacement curve. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance determined differences between premanipulation and postmanipulation among multiple spinal levels. Linear regression determined the relationship between stiffness magnitude and its change following manipulation. Generalized linear mixed-models were used to determine if subject age, gender, spinal level, premanipulation stiffness, or manipulative thrust parameters were associated with postmanipulation stiffness. Results Thoracic spine PA stiffness differed between spinal levels (F4,92 = 21.1, P<.001) but was not significantly different following manipulation. The mean change in spinal stiffness correlated with stiffness magnitude at the manipulated spinal level only but not other levels (Pearson r, −0.65; P<.001). Greater postmanipulation stiffness was associated with being male (regression coefficient, 1.16; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.79; P<.001) and with higher premanipulation stiffness (regression coefficient, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.77; P<.001). Manipulation force parameters were not associated with postmanipulation stiffness. Conclusion In asymptomatic individuals, thoracic PA spinal stiffness is not significantly different when measured before and after thrust manipulation, but any potential mechanical effects appear associated with the manipulated spinal level rather than other levels. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):685–693. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3271
Plasticity of Muscle Architecture After Supraspinatus Tears
Authors: Ward Samuel R. , Sarver Joseph J. , Eng Carolyn M. , Kwan Alan , Würgler-Hauri Carola C. , Perry Stephanie M. , Williams Gerald R. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: September 2010

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Objectives To measure the architectural properties of rat supraspinatus muscle after a complete detachment of its distal tendon. Methods Supraspinatus muscles were released from the left humerus of 29 Sprague-Dawley rats (mass, 400–450 g), and the animals were returned to cage activity for 2 weeks (n = 12), 4 weeks (n = 9), or 9 weeks (n = 8), before euthanasia. Measurements of muscle mass, pennation angle, fiber bundle length (sarcomere number), and sarcomere length permitted calculation of normalized fiber length, serial sarcomere number, and physiological cross-sectional area. Results Coronal oblique sections of the supraspinatus confirmed surgical transection of the supraspinatus muscle at 2 weeks, with reattachment by 4 weeks. Muscle mass and length were significantly lower in released muscles at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 9 weeks. Sarcomere lengths in released muscles were significantly shorter at 2 weeks but not different by 4 weeks. Sarcomere number was significantly reduced at 2 and 4 weeks, but returned to control values by 9 weeks. The opposing effects of smaller mass and shorter fibers produced significantly smaller physiological cross-sectional area at 2 weeks, but physiological cross-sectional area returned to control levels by 4 weeks. Conclusions Release of the supraspinatus muscle produced early radial and longitudinal atrophy of the muscle. The functional implications of these adaptations would be most profound at early time points (particularly relevant for rehabilitation), when the muscle remains smaller in cross-sectional area and, due to reduced sarcomere number, would be forced to operate over a wider range of the length-tension curve and at higher velocities, all adaptations resulting in compromised force-generating capacity. These data are relevant to physical therapy because they provide tissue-level insights into impaired muscle and shoulder function following rotator cuff injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(11):729–735. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3279
Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Influence MHC Class II-Restricted Antigen Presentation
Authors: Léonetti Michel , Gadzinski Adeline , Moine Gervaise 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins ubiquitously distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Their heparan sulfate moieties often represent alternative attachment points for extracellular proteins that target specific receptors. Thus, HSPGs modulate ligand–receptor encounters and participate in numerous biological processes. In this study, we examined whether HSPGs can also influence MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation. We selected a heparan sulfate ligand derived from the HIV-1 Tat protein and coupled it to a model protein Ag. We showed that coupling of the Tat fragment makes the Ag capable of binding cells, including APCs, and increases its ability to stimulate specific T cells up to 180-fold. The boosting effect depends on Ag processing; it vanished in the presence of an excess of heparin or free Tat fragment, indicating that HSPGs can behave as receptors involved in MHC class II processing and presentation. Furthermore, with FcγRII-bearing APCs, immune complexes containing the coupled Ag stimulated T cells up to 700-fold more efficiently than Ag-containing immune complexes. This effect vanished in the presence of heparin and is not found with FcγRII− APCs, indicating that HSPGs can also behave as coreceptors during FcγRIIR-mediated Ag presentation. These results indicate that ubiquitous receptors, such as HSPGs, can influence MHC class II-restricted Ag presentation and suggest that proteins will be supported more efficiently by the immune system if they have the inherent capacity to bind heparan sulfate.
The Origin and Maturity of Dendritic Cells Determine the Pattern of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors Expressed and Required for Efficient Migration
Authors: Rathinasamy Anchana , Czeloth Niklas , Pabst Oliver , Förster Reinhold , Bernhardt Günter 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent the most potent inducers of adaptive immune responses. Depending on their activation phenotype, DCs drive naive T cells into distinct differentiation pathways. To achieve this, DCs are present in virtually all tissues where they sample Ag and migrate to the T cell areas of lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen. Ample evidence exists demonstrating that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important modulator of these processes, exerting its effects by binding to the S1P receptor S1P1 and/or S1P3. However, published data are contradictory, in part. We show in this study that the expression pattern, as well as the regulation of the S1P receptors, differs among in vitro-generated DCs experiencing different kinds and duration of stimuli. Moreover, the influence of S1P1 and S1P3 on the in vivo migration of maturing DCs depends on the origin of these cells. Thus, in vitro-generated DCs require S1P1 and S1P3 to accomplish this, whereas skin-derived DCs migrate unhindered in the absence of S1P3 but not when S1P1 signaling is blocked. Migration of lamina propria DCs to the mesenteric LNs depends on S1P1 and S1P3. In contrast, relocation of maturing spleen-resident DCs to the T cell zone is independent of S1P1 and S1P3. However, intrasplenic positioning of immature DCs to the bridging channels depends on S1P1 activity, with no noticeable contribution of S1P3. These observations reveal a tissue-dependent contribution of S1P3 to DC migration and suggest a fundamental role for S1P1 for maturing DCs migrating from periphery to draining LNs.
Shedding of Large Functionally Active CD11/CD18 Integrin Complexes from Leukocyte Membranes during Synovial Inflammation Distinguishes Three Types of Arthritis through Differential Epitope Exposure
Authors: Gjelstrup Louise Carstensen , Boesen Thomas , Kragstrup Tue Wenzel , Jørgensen Annette , Klein Nigel J. , Thiel Steffen , Deleuran Bent Winding , Vorup-Jensen Thomas 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
CD18 integrins are adhesion molecules expressed on the cell surface of leukocytes and play a central role in the molecular mechanisms supporting leukocyte migration to zones of inflammation. Recently, it was discovered that CD11a/CD18 is shed from the leukocyte surface in models of inflammation. In this study, we show that shedding of human CD11/CD18 complexes is a part of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis but not in osteoarthritis. In vivo and in vitro data suggest that the shedding is driven by TNF-α, which links the process to central events in the inflammatory response. The shed complexes contain multiple heterodimers of CD11/CD18, are variable in size, and differ according to the type of synovial inflammation. Furthermore, the differential structures determine the avidity of binding of the complexes to the ICAM-1. With the estimated concentrations of CD11/CD18 in plasma and synovial fluid a significant coverage of binding sites in ICAM-1 for CD18 integrins is expected. Based on cell adhesion experiments in vitro, we hypothesize that the large soluble complexes of CD11/CD18 act in vivo to buffer leukocyte adhesion by competing with the membrane-bound receptors for ICAM-1 binding sites. As reported here for synovial inflammation changes in the concentration or structure of these complexes should be considered as likely contributors to disease activity.
GB Virus Type C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Antibodies That React with a Cellular Antigen on HIV-1 Particles and Neutralize Diverse HIV-1 Isolates
Authors: Mohr Emma L. , Xiang Jinhua , McLinden James H. , Kaufman Thomas M. , Chang Qing , Montefiori David C. , Klinzman Donna , Stapleton Jack T. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Broadly neutralizing Abs to HIV-1 are well described; however, identification of Ags that elicit these Abs has proven difficult. Persistent infection with GB virus type C (GBV-C) is associated with prolonged survival in HIV-1–infected individuals, and among those without HIV-1 viremia, the presence of Ab to GBV-C glycoprotein E2 is also associated with survival. GBV-C E2 protein inhibits HIV-1 entry, and an antigenic peptide within E2 interferes with gp41-induced membrane perturbations in vitro, suggesting the possibility of structural mimicry between GBV-C E2 protein and HIV-1 particles. Naturally occurring human and experimentally induced GBV-C E2 Abs were examined for their ability to neutralize infectious HIV-1 particles and HIV-1–enveloped pseudovirus particles. All GBV-C E2 Abs neutralized diverse isolates of HIV-1 with the exception of rabbit anti-peptide Abs raised against a synthetic GBV-C E2 peptide. Rabbit anti–GBV-C E2 Abs neutralized HIV-1–pseudotyped retrovirus particles but not HIV-1–pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus particles, and E2 Abs immune-precipitated HIV-1 gag particles containing the vesicular stomatitis virus type G envelope, HIV-1 envelope, GBV-C envelope, or no viral envelope. The Abs did not neutralize or immune-precipitate mumps or yellow fever viruses. Rabbit GBV-C E2 Abs inhibited HIV attachment to cells but did not inhibit entry following attachment. Taken together, these data indicate that the GBV-C E2 protein has a structural motif that elicits Abs that cross-react with a cellular Ag present on retrovirus particles, independent of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The data provide evidence that a heterologous viral protein can induce HIV-1–neutralizing Abs.
Epigenetic profiling of the H19 differentially methylated region and comprehensive whole genome array‐based analysis in Silver–Russell syndrome
Authors: Lin Shin‐Yu , Lee Chien‐Nan , Hung Chia‐Cheng , Tsai Wen‐Yu , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Li Ni‐Chung , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Tung Yi‐Ching , Niu Dau‐Ming , Hsu Wen‐Ming , Chen Lang‐Yao , Fang Mei‐Ya , Tu Mei‐Pin , Kuo Pei‐Wen , Lin Chiou‐Ya , Su Yi‐Ning , Ho Hong‐Nerng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSilver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disorder characterized by severe growth retardation. Hypomethylation of the differentially methylated region (DMR) of the H19 gene and uniparental disomy of maternal chromosome 7 is present in ∼45% of the patients with SRS so more than half of these patients have no known genetic etiology. We combined several molecular technologies including multiplex methylation polymerase chain reaction, methylation‐sensitive multiple ligation probe‐dependent amplification, and methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting to assess the epigenetic status of 34 patients with SRS. Additionally, we applied a whole genome strategy to detect copy number changes and loss of heterozygosity. Thirteen patients (38.2%) had hypomethylation of the DMR of the H19 gene and none had uniparental disomy of maternal chromosome 7. The whole genome arrays identified five patients (14.7%) with microdeletions on chromosomes 1q23q24.3, 7p15.3, 13q31.3, 14q32.31, and 15q26.2qter, respectively. The overall mutation detection rate was 52.9% by the epigenetic study and the whole genome strategy. Although epimutation may be the major cause of SRS and can be identified by multiplex methylation polymerase chain reaction, the whole genome approach also provides information on the etiology of SRS. If no epimutation is identified in the patients with typical SRS, microdeletions should be suspected. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shells and heart: Are human laterality and chirality of snails controlled by the same maternal genes?
Authors: Oliverio Marco , Digilio Maria Cristina , Versacci Paolo , Dallapiccola Bruno , Marino Bruno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe body of most animals display left–right asymmetry of internal organs. Alteration of such asymmetry results in severe congenital defects particularly affecting the cardiovascular system. The earliest known genes involved in asymmetry, the Nodal signalling cascade, are expressed asymmetrically during embryonic development. Nodal was discovered in the mouse, but orthologs (also involved in left‐right specification) were reported in ascidians, sea‐urchins, and snails. Mutations in Nodal‐pathway genes cause alteration of several aspects of chirality, but not entirely mirror phenotypes of the body. Other factors upstream of nodal must be involved in the generation of left–right asymmetry. In snails, breeding experiments have demonstrated that chirality is controlled by a nuclear gene with maternal effect. Given the available evidence, we propose that an evolutionarily conserved genetic basis of chirality (the same that controls left–right asymmetry in snails) is a major synapomorphy of the Bilateria. This hypothesis fits with the observation that: (a) the proportion of patients with heterotaxy and a detected mutation in a gene of the Nodal cascade is actually low, and (b) horizontal recurrence of laterality defects is remarkably more frequent than vertical recurrence, and includes a notable number of affected sibs and/or repeated abortions from unaffected mothers. Identification of the maternal gene(s) involved will allow for the identification of homozygous females at risk of having affected children and spontaneous abortions, and would provide a general medical framework for understanding the genetics of most alterations of chirality. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mild phenotype in a patient with mosaic del(8p)/inv dup del(8p)
Authors: Hand Matthew , Gray Carolyn , Glew Gwen , Tsuchiya Karen D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report on a female with a mild phenotype who is mosaic for two cell lines with different structural abnormalities of 8p, both resulting in large genomic imbalances. Molecular cytogenetic and G‐banded chromosome analyses demonstrated that one cell line has a large terminal 8p deletion, with a breakpoint in 8p21.2. The other cell line contains a derivative chromosome 8, known as an inv dup del(8p) in the literature. This female has developmental delay, but lacks congenital anomalies that are associated with either 8p abnormality in non‐mosaic form. The attenuated phenotype in this individual may be due to compensation of one cell line for imbalances in the other cell line. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sorptive removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by polymer/activated charcoal composites
Authors: Bajpai S. K. , Shrivastava Sonia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, a new sorbent, a poly(acrylamide‐co‐itaconic acid) [P(AAm‐co‐IA)]/activated charcoal (AC) composite, was prepared by the aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and itaconic acid in the presence of AC with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an initiator. The P(AAm‐co‐IA)/AC composite sorbent showed a fair capacity to adsorb the cationic dye methylene blue. The maximum sorption capacity, as studied at 23, 37, and 50°C and determined with the Langmuir isotherm model, was found to be 909.0, 312.5, and 192.3 mg/g, respectively. For an initial concentration of 5 mg/L, the kinetic uptake data were studied with various kinetic models. The pseudo‐second‐order equation was found to fairly fit the uptake data with a regression value of 0.999. The dye uptake increased with the pH of the sorbate solution, and the optimum pH was found to be in the range of 7–10. Intraparticle diffusion was also observed to take place, and the coefficient of intraparticle diffusion was evaluated to be 26.51 × 10−2 mg g−1 min−1/2. The various thermodynamic parameters were also determined to predict the nature of the uptake process. The sorption process was found to be spontaneous, as indicated by a negative standard free energy change. The negative standard enthalpy change suggested an exothermic nature for the uptake. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of polymer‐filled nonwoven membranes
Authors: Jung Kyung‐Hye , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Zhang Xiangwu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolymer‐filled nonwoven membranes were prepared by filling the open pores of nylon nonwovens with poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS). PAMPS was synthesized via radical polymerization and crosslinked to prevent its dissolution in water. PAMPS‐filled nylon nonwoven membranes showed enhanced dimensional stability and mechanical properties when compared with PAMPS membranes without nonwovens. The conductivities of PAMPS‐filled nylon nonwovens were slightly lower than those of PAMPS membranes. Compared with PAMPS membranes without nonwoven hosts, both linear and crosslinked PAMPS‐filled nylon nonwoven membranes exhibited lower vapor permeabilities for water, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl methylphophonate (DMMP). In addition, crosslinked PAMPS‐filled nonwoven membranes presented high permselectivity on DMMP over water, which is critical for chemical protection application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and membrane separation performances of quarternized ammonium cationic polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Liu Xuechun , Chen Jian , Zou Jian , Duan Huizeng , Li Jiding , Chen Cuixian , Meng Pingrui 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of quarternized ammonium cationic polyvinyl alcohol (QPVA+) is studied in this article. The effect of synthesis conditions on the degree of substitution (DS) is studied to acquire the optimal synthesis conditions. Polyelectrolyte and polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes of QPVA+ and phosphatized anionic polyvinyl alcohol (PPVA−) are made by solution casting method. It is found that the flux of polyelectrolyte and PEC membrane, consisting of QPVA+ and PPVA− (1 : 1 in molar ratio), is 403 g/m2 h, and its separation factor is 970 when the membrane is used in the pervaporation separation of ethanol/water. It is concluded that the hydrophilicity of the membrane and the rigidity of molecular chain segment are enhanced when the anionic and cationic groups are introduced in the PVA, and the membrane separation capability could be adjusted by changing polyelectrolyte material type and cation/anion mole ratio in the polyelectrolyte and PEC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011