bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducedin vitroadherence ofStaphylococcusspecies to feline corneocytes compared to canine and human corneocytes
Authors: Woolley K. L. , Kelly R. F. , Fazakerley J. , Williams N. J. , Nuttall T. J. , McEwan N. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is apparent that in‐contact humans and animals exchange commensal staphylococci. Previousin vitrostudies, however, indicate that staphylococci preferentially adhere to corneocytes from host species. This study compared adherence of meticillin‐sensitive and ‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA/MRSA),S. intermedius,S. felisandS. hoministo feline, canine and human corneocytes acquired from 10 healthy subjects using adhesive tape discs. Adherent bacteria were counted using an image processing and analysis programme. Mean adherence of MSSA (P = 0.0009), MRSA (P = 0.0162) andS. intermedius(P = 0.0117), but notS. felisorS. hominis, to feline corneocytes was significantly lower than that to canine and human corneocytes. All the isolates had similar adherence to both human and canine corneocytes.S. feliswas the most adherent species to feline corneocytes followed byS. intermedius, and then MSSA, MRSA andS. hominis. For dogs and humans,S. intermediusandS. feliswere the most adherent, followed by MRSA and MSSA, and thenS. hominis. These results do not reveal any preferential adherence of staphylococci to canine or human corneocytes. Poor adherence to feline corneocytes could suggest that cats are relatively resistant to pyoderma and cross‐species transmission of staphylococci.
‘They’re doing surgery on two people’: a meta‐ethnography of the influences on couples’ treatment decision making for prostate cancer
Authors: Schumm Kate , Skea Zoe , McKee Lorna , N’Dow James 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground  Current orthodoxy suggests that patients need to be provided with full information about their care and that treatment options should be discussed with patients and family members. This imperative is especially challenging when there is a lack of consensus about treatment effectiveness and equivocacy over different types of interventions. In the case of prostate cancer, evidence is contested as to the efficacy of different treatments. Thus, involving patients and their family members in treatment choices is complex and little is known about how patients and their partners process these decisions when there is uncertainty about different outcomes. This paper has reviewed the literature on the way couples approach such decision making in relation to treatment for prostate cancer.Objective  A meta‐ethnographic synthesis of published qualitative papers that focused on the influences on patients’, and their partners’ treatment decision making for prostate cancer, was conducted in order to identify and understand barriers and facilitators which impact on this process.Results  Our synthesis indicates that the couples’ relationship ‘dynamic’ provides a contextual background against which treatment decisions are negotiated and made.Discussion and conclusions  We propose that the findings from this synthesis can enhance the potential for shared decision making for patients, and their partners, when facing a treatment decision for prostate cancer. By understanding the couples’ relationship dynamic pre‐diagnosis, clinicians may be able to tailor the communication and information provision to both patients and their partners, providing a personalized approach to treatment decision making.
Implications of foliar terpene content and hydration on leaf flammability of Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis
Authors: Alessio G. A. , Peñuelas J. , De Lillis M. , Llusià J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe investigated the implications of foliar hydration and terpene content on leaf flammability in two widely distributed forest species of the Mediterranean basin, Quercus ilex, which does not store terpenes, and Pinus halepensis, a terpene‐storing species. The experiments were carried out in plants grown under different water regimes that generated a wide range of foliar hydration and terpene contents. We monitored the temperatures and time elapsed to reach the smoke, pyrolysis and flame phases. Smoke appeared much earlier (37 versus 101 s) and at lower temperatures (96 versus 139 °C) in Quercus ilex than in Pinus halepensis. Quercus ilex reached pyrolysis earlier than Pinus halepensis (278 versus 338 s) but at the same temperature (365–371 °C). There were no significant differences in time elapsed nor in temperature for flammability (386–422 s; 505–487 °C in both species). Quercus ilex had lower water hydration than Pinus halepensis (41 versus 100%) and the leaf content of terpenes in Quercus was three orders of magnitude lower. The results of this study show no differences in the flame phase between the two species and the absence of a significant relationship between temperature and elapsed time of the different flammability phases in relation to monoterpene content; thus indicating that the role of monoterpenes in flammability phases is smaller than that of the water content. This, however, does not exclude the effects of terpene content on plant combustibility and fire propagation once fires start.
Methanol emissions from deciduous tree species: dependence on temperature and light intensity
Authors: Folkers A. , Hüve K. , Ammann C. , Dindorf T. , Kesselmeier J. , Kleist E. , Kuhn U. , Uerlings R. , Wildt J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMethanol emissions from several deciduous tree species with predominantly mature leaves were measured under laboratory and field conditions. The emissions were modulated by temperature and light. Under constant light conditions in the laboratory, methanol emissions increased with leaf temperature, by up to 12% per degree. At constant temperatures, emissions doubled when light intensity (PAR) increased from darkness to 800 μmol·m−2·s−1. A phenomenological description of light and temperature dependencies was derived from the laboratory measurements. This description was successfully applied to reproduce the diel cycle of methanol emissions from an English oak measured in the field. Labelling experiments with 13CO2 provided evidence that less than 10% of the emitted methanol was produced de novo by photosynthesis directly prior to emission. Hence, the light dependence of the emissions cannot be explained by instantaneous production from CO2 fixation. Additional experiments with selective cooling of plant roots indicated that a substantial fraction of the emitted methanol may be produced in the roots or stem and transported to stomata by the transpiration stream. However, the transpiration stream cannot be considered as the main factor that determines methanol emissions by the investigated plants.
The influence of different nutrient levels on insect‐induced plant volatiles in Bt and conventional oilseed rape plants
Authors: Ibrahim M. A. , Stewart‐Jones A. , Pulkkinen J. , Poppy G. M. , Holopainen J. K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTransgenic Bt (expressing the cry1Ac endotoxin gene) and conventional oilseed rape plants grown in different soils were used to study nutrient uptake and emission of volatiles after herbivore damage. All plants were greenhouse‐grown in soils representing low‐, medium‐ and high‐nutrient levels. The concentrations of N, P, K, Mg and Zn were significantly affected by the transgene, while the main effect of soil type appeared in N, P, Ca, Mg, B, Mn and Zn concentrations in the plants. Plants with four to five leaves were infested with the third instar larvae of Bt‐susceptible Plutella xylostella for 48 h, and samples of volatiles were collected and analysed. In the first experiment, the soil nutrient level had a significant effect on the emissions of (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐non‐atriene (DMNT), β‐elemene, γ‐bisabolene, α‐bisabolene and (E)‐nerolidol. The induction of these volatiles was significantly higher in infested conventional plants grown at a high‐soil nutrient level compared to infested conventional plants at a low‐soil nutrient level. In the second experiment, the soil nutrient level had a significant effect on the emissions of (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate and β‐elemene and, again, this was significantly higher in infested conventional plants grown at high‐soil nutrient levels in comparison with infested plants at a low‐soil nutrient level. In both experiments, the transgene effect was significant on the emissions of DMNT and (E,E)‐α‐farnesene. The differences in emissions between the two separate experiments suggest that growth conditions (particularly daylength) and sampling procedure may affect the ratio of compounds detected in the emission blend, even though the response to herbivory, nutrient availability and the transgene were similar.
Sex Differences in the Electrocommunication Signals of the Electric Fish Apteronotus bonapartii
Authors: Ho Winnie W. , Fernandes Cristina Cox , Alves‐Gomes José A. , Smith G. Troy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe South American weakly electric knifefish (Apteronotidae) produce highly diverse and readily quantifiable electrocommunication signals. The electric organ discharge frequency (EODf) and EOD modulations (chirps and gradual frequency rises) vary dramatically across sexes and species, presenting an ideal opportunity to examine the proximate and ultimate bases of sexually dimorphic behavior. We complemented previous studies on the sexual dimorphism of apteronotid communication signals by investigating electric signal features and their hormonal correlates in Apteronotusbonapartii, a species which exhibits strong sexual dimorphism in snout morphology. Electrocommunication signals were evoked and recorded using a playback paradigm and were analyzed for signal features including EOD frequency and the structure of EOD modulations. To investigate the androgenic correlates of sexually dimorphic EOD signals, we measured plasma concentrations of testosterone and 11‐ketotestosterone. A. bonapartii responded robustly to stimulus playbacks. EODf was sexually monomorphic, and males and females produced chirps with similar durations and amounts of frequency modulation. However, males were more likely than females to produce chirps with multiple frequency peaks. Sexual dimorphism in apteronotid electrocommunication signals appears to be highly evolutionarily labile. Extensive interspecific variation in the magnitude and direction of sex differences in EODf and in different aspects of chirp structure suggests that chirp signals may be an important locus of evolutionary change within the clade. The weakly electric fish represent a rich source of data for understanding the selective pressures that shape, and the neuroendocrine mechanisms that underlie, diversity in the sexual dimorphism of behavior.
Why Do Large Dogs Sound More Aggressive to Human Listeners: Acoustic Bases of Motivational Misattributions
Authors: Taylor Anna M. , Reby David , McComb Karen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrevious research has highlighted that while human listeners are capable of estimating the body size of dogs using the acoustic components of their growls, they also rate growls from larger dogs as more being aggressive than growls from smaller dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of two cues to body size, fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequency dispersion (Δf) to perceived levels of aggression. We found that participants that had just made an accurate assessment of caller size based on these characteristics then misattributed aggressiveness levels on the basis of these same size‐related acoustic cues. More specifically, stimuli in which F0 and/or Δf were typical of larger dogs were rated as being more aggressive than stimuli typical of smaller dogs. Although both F0 and Δf influenced aggressiveness ratings independently, their interaction also had a significant affect. These results are discussed with respects to the human tendency to generalise reliable between‐class acoustic cues to within‐class stimuli and the resulting potential for making perceptual misattributions.
Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities
Authors: Anda A. , Løke Z. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractComponents of the energy and heat balances were examined in two maize hybrids grown at three different plant densities (40, 70 and 100 thousand plants per hectare). One of the hybrids was drought tolerant, while the other was bred for cultivation under irrigated conditions. An increase in plant density influenced not only the size of the leaf area, but also the distribution of the leaves at various plant heights. The extinction coefficient, which provides a quantification of radiation penetration, was higher in the irrigated treatments. By contrast to the other two treatments, the plant canopy in the thinly sown stands remained open throughout the vegetation period, and thus behaved quite differently to the closed stands, making it impossible to compare them. Smaller albedo values were recorded for the hybrid bred for irrigation and in thinly sown stands. The low plant density allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand. The latent heat, in keeping with the quantity of water transpired, was the greatest in the densely sown stands. There was little difference between the latent heat values of the normal and dense stands in either hybrid, indicating that they both had a similar sensitivity to increased stand density. If sufficient water is available it would appear that the stand density could be increased even for the drought‐tolerant hybrid.
Grain Protein Quality in Response to Changes in Pre‐anthesis Duration in Wheats Released in 1940, 1964 and 1994
Authors: Acuña M. L. , Savin R. , Curá J. A. , Slafer G. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGrain protein content is one of the most important attributes in bread making quality. Several studies have reported that the type of, and the balances between, storage protein (i.e. gliadins and glutenins) are also relevant. Generally, the modern cultivars present less grain protein content than their predecessors, suggesting that breeding may have reduced baking quality while improving yield. Furthermore, there is little information on whether, and eventually how, breeding influences the types of protein synthesized in the grains, and the sensitivity of the type of protein and baking quality to changes in the environment. This study aimed to determine the stability in baking quality in wheat cultivars released at different eras to variation in the duration of the pre‐anthesis period without changes in the sowing date. The experiment studied the combination of three cultivars released in 1940, 1964 and 1994 at two different durations from sowing to anthesis (because of exposure to different photoperiods during stem elongation in the field). Modern cultivars showed lower grain protein content than the oldest ones (11 vs. 14 %). There were no correlation between grain protein content and baking quality (assessed by Zeleny test), indicating that protein type is more important than grain protein content. Gliadins were more variable than glutenins because of differences between cultivars and flowering dates. Wheat breeding also seemed to have improved the stability of quality variables in response to environmental variation during the pre‐anthesis period (when yield potential is being determined).
Deferred Seeding of Blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Field on Yield Advantages and Smothering of Weeds
Authors: Midya A. , Bhattacharjee K. , Ghose S. S. , Banik P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractField experiments were conducted at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Giridih, Jharkhand, during the kharif (wet) seasons of consecutive four years (1998–2001) to study the effect of staggered seeding of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) in rice field as a cereal–legume intercropping system and to minimize the degree of competition between the crop species to avoid yield damage, and at the same time to create a high level of competition by the intercrops to suppress the weeds. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of land equivalent ratio, relative crowding coefficient, aggressivity, actual yield loss, monetary advantage, etc. Intercropping reduced the yield of component crops when compared with respective pure stands. However, deferred seeding of blackgram in rice (30 cm) after one weeding was most remunerative system and registered maximum rice‐equivalent yield (2711 kg ha−1). Rice–blackgram (20 cm) intercropping system was very effective for weed smothering among unweeded intercropping treatments. In conclusion, deferred seeding of blackgram in rice field (30 cm) with one weeding may be recommended for better yield, weed suppression and better economics in the eastern plateau region of India.
Assessment of Cattle Preference for Perennial Ryegrass Varieties in Association with White Clover. Does White Clover Content Interfere?
Authors: Stilmant D. , Limbourg P. , Lecomte Ph. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere is a need to evaluate grass varieties under grazing management to allow selection of varieties to increase animal performance. However, the evaluation of animal performance under grazing with each variety is arduous and time‐consuming. An alternative is to describe the preference by grazing animals when given a choice of different varieties. Indeed, there is some indications that preference is related to variety characteristics such as leaf content or digestibility, characteristics having also an impact on the level of intake of this variety. However, preference for grass varieties, when sown alone, may not reflect agricultural practice as grasses often occur in mixed swards, associated with white clover. So, the aim of the present work was to determine whether, under grazing management, cattle expressed selections when given a choice of mixed swards in which different perennial ryegrass varieties were grown in association with a common white clover variety at two levels of fertilizer application (60 or 160 kg N ha−1 annum−1). The preference for perennial ryegrass variety per se was then assessed after taking white clover content into consideration. The results show that there were significant differences in preference for perennial ryegrass varieties, per se, even for varieties with the same heading date and ploidy. The effect of white clover cover on sward selection was more marked in swards which received the higher level of nitrogen fertilizer application which may have been related to a more variable white clover content between swards. This suggests that, under low nitrogen fertilizer application, differences in perennial ryegrass varieties preference can be determined in the same experiments as are used to determine ryegrass varieties persistence in association to white clover. Nevertheless, before such ‘variety preference’ tests can be applied in practice, a validation of the possible correlation between ‘variety preference’ and ‘variety intake’ will be necessary.
Decomposition of Allelopathic Plants in Soil
Authors: Xuan T. D. , Tawata S. , Khanh T. D. , Chung I. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHigher plants with strong allelopathic properties are commonly incorporated into soil for weed‐control purposes. To understand the phytotoxic variation in the soil, which can be utilized for weed control through the use of allelopathic plants, the decomposition of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Rasen) and kava (Piper methysticum L.) after soil amendment were evaluated. Both alfalfa and kava strongly inhibited barnyardgrass and monochoria growth for up to 10 days (80–100 % weed control). After 20–25 days, the magnitude of inhibition was drastically reduced, but was still effective (50 % weed control). A number of phenolic acids were detected in the soil even 50 days after incorporation in low concentration, but their concentrations reached a maximum after 10–15 days and were efficacious until 20–25 days. Phenolic acids varied between alfalfa and kava. The variations in electrical conductivity (EC) and osmotic pressure (OP) were strongly related to chemicals and toxic compounds exuded into the soil during decomposition and were proportional to the magnitude of inhibition observed, whereas pH did not appear to be correlated with inhibition. The decomposition of several unknown inhibitors present in kava was also analysed and assessed. Our findings indicate that these growth inhibitors were almost disintegrated in soil after 10 days, but strong inhibition was detected until 25 days after amendment. Results from this study demonstrate that chemicals released from allelopathic plants incorporated into soil are toxic and cause inhibition of certain species and could be exploited as a biological tool for weed management.
Reed Canarygrass Forage Yield and Nutrient Uptake on a Year‐round Wastewater Application Site
Authors: Sheaffer C. C. , Rosen C. J. , Gupta S. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is often planted at wastewater treatment sites to provide ground cover and remove nutrients. Our overall objective was to determine the forage yield and nutrient uptake under year‐round potato wastewater application in northern latitudes. Specifically, we determined the effect of N fertilization rate on forage dry matter yield and N and P uptake by reed canarygrass, and compared the forage yield, persistence and nutrient uptake of reed canarygrass relative to those of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromis inermis Leyss), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski]. With only wastewater application, reed canarygrass had a forage yield of 5.8 Mg ha−1, with N and P uptake of 113 and 30 kg ha−1, respectively. Forage dry matter yield, N uptake and P uptake increased to 14.5 Mg ha−1, 383 kg ha−1 and 64 kg ha−1, respectively, with an N fertilization rate of 224 kg ha−1. Forage yield and N uptake of reed canarygrass, orchardgrass, timothy and smooth bromegrass were similar and exceeded those of quackgrass. Reed canarygrass P uptake exceeded that of the other grasses. Reed canarygrass was less persistent than quackgrass or smooth bromegrass.
Familial cases of coat colour‐change in a Piétrain cross
Authors: Borchers N. , Reinsch N. , Kalm E. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn this note the coat colour‐change of a descendant of a cross involving Piétrain, Landrace and Large White is described. One sow was born as a black spotted piglet with a white background. At the end of rearing the gilt showed a red background, a change which was also observed in one full brother and two half sisters of the sow. By 1 year of age the red colour had turned to roan. This colour also appeared in another unrelated pig, which was born as a tricoloured animal.
Domestication‐related variations of the hair cuticula pattern in mammals
Authors: Meyer W. , Schnapper A. , Hülmann G. , Seger H. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBased on a computer‐assisted method and regression analysis, several structural parameters of the hair cuticula pattern of primary hairs of 94 wild mammals and 44 breeds of 10 domesticated mammals were evaluated and compared between both groups. Biologically relevant relationships between the parameters examined could only be obtained for the wild animals. In this way domestication‐induced defects became evident for the hair cuticula pattern that is a typical structural feature of the hair shaft.