bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retained “Hopeless” Teeth
Authors: DeVore Cheryl H. , Beck Frank M. , Horton John E. 
Published: March 2012

The retention of teeth diagnosed as periodontally “hopeless” may accelerate the destruction of the adjacent proximal periodontium. Studies determining the influence these teeth have on the health status of adjacent teeth appear nonexistent. It was the intent of this retrospective study to assess the status of the periodontium in adjacent teeth proximal to the periodontium of “hopeless” teeth.We evaluated 17 teeth, each being mesially adjacent to one “hopeless” tooth, in 17 subjects treated for periodontal disease. In each case, the “hopeless” and the adjacent teeth received the same treatment. Probing depths (P–D), radiographie alveolar bone level (R–BL) and the width of the periodontal ligament space (W–PL) were measured for both the adjacent interproximal and the nonadjacent interproximal surface for each hopeless tooth. At both pretherapy and posttherapy, there were no significant differences for any of the variables (P– D, R–BL and W–PL) for the adjacent interproximal surfaces with the nonadjacent interproximal surfaces. However, there was a significant reduction in the mean probing depth for the adjacent interproximal surfaces, pretherapy to posttherapy. No other significant changes were found in any of the other variables for either the adjacent or nonadjacent interproximal surfaces.These data suggest that teeth considered periodontally “hopeless” and retained have no effect on the proximal periodontium of adjacent teeth prior to and following therapy.
Histological Study of the Hydroxyapatite‐Collagen Complex Implants in Periodontal Osseous Defects in Dogs
Authors: Minabe M. , Sugaya A. , Satou H. , Tamura T. , Ogawa Y. , Hori T. , Watanabe Y. 
Published: March 2012

This study was performed to determine whether the process of wound healing, following periodontal surgery, could be improved through the combined use of collagen and grafting of hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles.Twenty‐four proximal defects were made in the mandibular fourth premolars and second molars of six adult mongrel dogs. Steel wires and resin were put into the defect to enhance plaque formation. At eight weeks, the wires and resin were removed. At ten weeks, HAP or HAP‐collagen complex was implanted during reconstructive surgery, along the root surface treated with acid conditioning. Dogs that received no implant following a flap operation served as controls. In these three groups of animals, differences in the extent and features of healing were histopathologically examined two months later. Animals implanted with a HAP‐collagen complex showed a larger amount of new cementum formation when compared with HAP‐implanted or control animals. In addition, in animals from the HAPcomplex group, the interdigitation between the root surface and the gingival connective tissue fibers tended to be reinforced resulting in suppressed epithelial downgrowth. However, neither bone formation nor the reformation of the periodontium was promoted in the HAPcollagen complex group.These results suggest that implantation of an HAP‐collagen complex promotes cementogenesis of the demineralized root surface and can establish a stronger interdigitation between the root surface and the gingival connective tissue fibers.
The Effects of Exclusion of Epithelium From Healing Periodontal Pockets
Authors: McHugh William D. 
Published: March 2012

Epithelium was excluded experimentally from artificially induced periodontal pockets by cutting off the crowns of vital teeth and covering the roots with mucoperiosteal flaps. This procedure was carried out on 58 teeth in eight rhesus monkeys and specimens recovered at from five to 36 weeks postoperatively.Thirty‐eight (66%) of the teeth remained completely covered by soft tissue for the duration of the experiment. Up to 4.4 mm (mean = 0.9 mm) of new attachment with cementum and attached collagen fibers was found on both the sides of the roots and the cut ends, but root resorption and downgrowth of epithelium over root surfaces were about equally common. Thus, even when epithelium is excluded from healing periodontal pockets, reattachment with new cementum and attached collagen fibers is not consistently achieved, even after periods of 36 weeks. Root resorption and ankylosis are major complications. Although most new attachment appears to result from cells originating in the periodontal ligament, it can also arise from cells from the gingival connective tissue.
Human Gingival Langerhans Cells as Accessory Cells in Mitogen Induced T Cell Responses
Authors: Newcomb G. M. , Powell R. N. 
Published: March 2012

Peripheral blood and gingival tissue was collected from patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of periodontal disease. Both unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a T cell‐enriched, monocyte‐depleted lymphocyte population were isolated from the blood samples while a gingival epithelial cell suspension was prepared from the oral aspect of the gingival tissue. The blood cells (1 X 105) were then co‐cultured with the gingival epithelial cells (1 x 105 and 1 x 104) in 200 μl aliquots in microtitre trays for three days to see if the epithelial cells could act as accessory cells in the lymphocyte response to the mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by measuring the uptake of [6‐3H] thymidine during the last 18 hours of culture.Removal of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells led to a significant, but not total, reduction in the proliferative response to PHA. When gingival epithelial cells were added to the T cells they restored their response to PHA in a dose dependent fashion. As Langerhans cells were the only potentially immunocompetent cells seen in the epithelial cell suspensions, it is concluded that these cells are acting as accessory cells in the T cell response to PHA.
The Effect of Polishing Pastes on Composite Resin Surfaces
Authors: Serio Francis G. , Strassler Howard E. , Litkowski Leonard J. , Moffitt William C. , Krupa Catherine M. 
Published: March 2012

Clinically, composite resins can be polished to a smooth surface at the time of placement using a variety of polishing methods. Subsequently maintaining the finish on recalls needs to be evaluated. The purpose of this investigation was to compare surface textures of a small particle composite resin (average particle size 5 microns) after polishing with prophylaxis and polishing pastes. Each specimen of the small particle composite resin, PrismaFil, was finished and polished to a smooth surface with Soflex discs. This was the control polish. The specimens were then polished with a rotating rubber prophylaxis cup with seven different prophylaxis and polishing pastes. All the samples were then prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation and photographed at 750x to compare the effects of polishing on the surfaces of composite resins. SEM photographs were also made of a sample polished with Soflex discs (SF) and with a dry rubber cup (RC).The seven prophylaxis and polishing pastes were Command Ultrafine Lustre Paste (CULP), Coral Phosphate Prophylaxis Paste (CPPP), NuPro fine (NPF), NuPro medium (NPM), Prophydent (PD), Rembrandt Polishing Paste (RPLP) and Rembrandt Prophylaxis Paste (RPXP). The SEM photographs were rated by independent evaluators according to surface roughness from the smoothest to roughest surfaces. The results of the evaluator ratings determined that the composite resin surface gets rougher with the use of any polishing paste. The smoothest to roughest surface by groupings were: (SF)‐(RPLP)‐(CULP, RC)(RPXP)‐(NPF, CPPP, PD)‐(NPM).
Primary Gingival Enlargement as a Diagnostic Indicator in Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Hou Guey‐Lin , Tsai Chi‐Cheng 
Published: March 2012

A 25‐year‐old Chinese female, five months pregnant, came to our dental clinic with a chief complaint of slight gingival inflammation. A diagnosis of pregnancy gingivitis was made. One week later, there was a sudden onset of extremely generalized gingival enlargement and very high WBC count (144,000/cmm) was noted. Physical, laboratory, and microscopic examination led to the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia.The observations of good oral hygiene and clinical course suggested that leukemic cell infiltration was the major cause of sudden onset of gingival enlargement. This article emphasizes the importance of primary gingival enlargement in the initial diagnosis of leukemia.
Upper Anterior Tooth Mobility
Authors: Khoo Kim Kuang , Watts Trevor L. P. 
Published: March 2012

The relationship between buccolingual tooth mobility (TM) and other clinical parameters was studied in 124 upper anterior teeth in 21 patients with untreated Periodontitis. Periapical long‐cone radiographs were available for 74 teeth in the same population. TM was measured with Miihlemann's macroperiodontometer. Probing depths, attachment levels and bleeding were measured with a constant force probe. Bone levels were estimated from radiographs. Presence of occlusal contact was noted in the intercuspal position and excursive movements of the mandible.Attachment levels showed the highest correlation with TM, and radiographically estimated bone support was the next highest. Results varied according to tooth type: the attachment level of the lateral incisors showed the highest correlation with TM, while probing depths and proximal bone support showed lower associations with TM in all cases. In this population, no association was detected between the presence of occlusal contact and TM, or between inflammation and TM. Multiple and partial correlation analysis indicated that probing attachment level was the most important correlate of tooth mobility.
Tooth Loss in 1535 Treated Periodontal Patients
Authors: Nabers Claude L. , Stalker William H. , Esparza Dolores , Naylor Beverly , Canales Sylvia 
Published: March 2012

Of 1535 treated recall patients surveyed over an average time of 12.9 years since treatment was completed, 1371 had lost no teeth from periodontal disease. The total number of teeth lost was 444, with the average tooth loss for the 1535 patients being 0.29. In the three full arch splinted cases, the loss rate was 14.67 teeth per patient. Patients treated without any excisional or flap surgical procedures made up 26.5% of those surveyed, whereas 73.5% had required various surgical procedures. No attempt was made to compare different pocket therapy procedures.Although many patients developed recurrent periodontal problems during recall, only 15.9% of the 1535 patients required surgical retreatment. Teeth that were originally given a doubtful prognosis often were responsible for recurrent problems and sometimes required extraction.
Tetracycline Therapy in Patients with Early Juvenile Periodontitis
Authors: Novak M. John , Polson Alan M. , Adair Steven M. 
Published: March 2012

Tetracycline therapy, when used in conjunction with surgery or root planing, has been shown to be effective in controlling the progression of juvenile Periodontitis. However, the ability of tetracycline alone to control the disease has not been assessed. The present study evaluated the effects of tetracycline therapy, with supragingival plaque control, on clinical attachment levels and radiographie bone height in patients with clinical and radiographie evidence of juvenile Periodontitis. The four patients (mean age 15.2 ± 0.3 yrs) each demonstrated loss of attachment of ≥2 mm at one or more probing sites and had accompanying radiographie evidence of early localized bone loss. Following an initial clinical evaluation consisting of pocket depths, attachment levels and standardized radiographs, the patients received systemic tetracycline therapy (1 gm/day for three to six weeks) and oral hygiene instruction. At the completion of antibiotic therapy, patients received a supragingival professional prophylaxis every two weeks for three months, whereupon the initial evaluation was repeated. On comparing the initial and three‐month clinical and radiographic data, there were significant decreases in clinical and radiographic measurements.For a total of 85 affected probing sites around 26 teeth, 79% decreased in pocket depth by ≥2 mm (with no sites increasing in pocket depth) and 69% gained clinical attachment (with only one site losing attachment of 1 mm). Radiographic measurements revealed an increase in both the height and area of coronal alveolar bone. The findings indicated that six weeks of systemic tetracycline therapy combined with supragingival plaque control was effective in the initial control of early juvenile Periodontitis.
Partial Regeneration of Periodontal Tissues Using Collagen Barriers
Authors: Pitaru S. , Tal H. , Soldinger M. , Grosskopf A. , Noff M. 
Published: March 2012

The capacity of collagen membranes to support guided regeneration of periodontal tissues in the dog was assessed. The mesiolabial, labial and distolabial aspects of the mesial root of the second and third mandibular premolar were surgically exposed in three beagle dogs. Collagen membranes, 0.5 to 0.7 mm thick, prepared from a purified solution of ratType I collagen were interposed between the gingival flap and the exposed root surfaces of the right premolars. The left premolare were sham‐operated without the use of collagen membranes. Animals were killed one month after surgery. Tissue blocks, including the surgical sites, were removed and prepared for histological and histometric examination.Long epithelial attachment was the modality of healing in the control sites. The apical level of the junctional epithelium was located either at, or close to, the apical level of the defect. The experimental sites exhibited a combination of three healing modalities: (1) partial regeneration of periodontal tissues (new bone, periodontal ligament and cementum) occurred in the apical half of the defect, (2) long epithelial attachment developed in the coronal quarter of the defect and (3) connective tissue adhesion developed between the two. Pocket depth was similar in both the control and experimental sites. Collagen membranes could not be identified at the time of examination.The results indicate that: (1) collagen membranes have the capacity to support regeneration of periodontal tissues and (2) collagen membranes are either incorporated within the healing tissues or degraded by these during the healing process. These findings suggest that collagen membranes may be of value in reconstructive periodontal therapy.
Antigenicity of Freeze‐Dried Cortical Bone Allograft in Human Periodontal Osseous Defects
Authors: Quattlebaunr J. Bryan , Mellonig James T. , Hensel Nancy F. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies could be detected against freeze‐dried cortical bone allograft (FDBA) placed in human periodontal osseous defects. Twenty patients with multiple periodontal bony defects amenable to treatment in two allografting procedures were enrolled. No patient had preexisting anti‐HLA antibodies. FDBA used for all allografting procedures was obtained from one donor of known HLA antigens, and all patients were tissue‐typed. Serum samples were taken two weeks after the first allograft (primary challenge), two weeks after the second allograft (secondary challenge) and at three months. Serum samples were assayed for the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies using an Amos modified microcytotoxicity assay.At no time could any donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies be detected in any patient. All allografts were judged clinically successful, with no adverse tissue reactions to the donor material. FDBA may be regarded as a graft material lacking clinically significant antigenicity.
Change in Attachment Level
Authors: Gunsolley J. C. , Best A. M. 
Published: March 2012

Attachment level or pocket depth measurements are used to detect change in periodontal attachment. However, measurement error limits their usefulness for this purpose.The aims of this study are twofold. The first aim was to test the assumption, used in previous reports of measurement error, that attachment level measurements are normally distributed. The second aim was to estimate error rates encountered when assessing periodontal attachment level change with attachment level or pocket depth measurements.Two simulation methods are compared in their ability to reproduce the distribution of differences in replicated measurements. A simulation method based on a normal distribution was not able to reproduce the actual distribution of differences between replicate measurements. In contrast simulations based on resampling recreated the distribution of differences in replicated attachment level measurements. Due to the inability of simulations based on the normal distribution to reproduce the distribution of differences in replicated measurements, simulations based on the resampling procedure were used to estimate error rates.Determining change in attachment level or pocket depth by either single or paired measurements resulted in low Type I error rates for both single and paired measurements. For single measurements of attachment level, the Type I error rate was 0.0074 for a 3‐mm change. Paired measurements of attachment level had a Type I error rate of 0.0014 for a 3mm change. However, false‐positive rates were found to be much higher. For single measurements of attachment level, the false‐positive rate was 0.32 for a 3‐mm change. Taking two measurements at each time point reduced the proportion of false‐positives by a factor of two: to 0.15 for 3‐mm changes. Similar values were obtained for pocket depth measurements.This study demonstrates that a large proportion of perceived change in attachment level or pocket depth can be attributed to false positives.
The Effect of an Antimicrobial Mouthrinse on Early Healing of Gingival Flap Surgery Wounds
Authors: Zambon J. J. , Ciancio S. G. , Mather M. L. , Charles C. H. 
Published: March 2012

A randomized double‐blind crossover design study using 25 patients requiring bilateral gingival flap surgery was completed. The effect of rinsing postsurgically three times daily with an antimicrobial mouthrinse or physiological saline on dental plaque formation, gingival inflammation, bleeding, wound healing, and patient comfort was evaluated at 7, 14 and 28 days.The antimicrobial rinse was statistically significantly 28.9% more effective than saline at seven days for reducing plaque. It was also significantly more effective for improving wound healing at day 7 as measured by edema (p < 0.04). There were no significant differences in gingival index scores or bleeding at any time period.Use of an antimicrobial mouthrinse may be an effective aid in early healing of gingival flap surgery wounds.
Periodontal Manifestations of Adult Onset of Histiocytosis X
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Gorsky Meir , Raviv Mili 
Published: March 2012

Histiocytosis X, a reticuloendothelial disorder, includes the three clinical syndromes: Letterer‐Siwe and Hand‐Schuller‐Christian diseases and eosinophilic granuloma of the bone. Twenty‐eight cases of adult onset of histiocytosis X involving the head and neck region were found in the literature during the past 20 years; 15 cases were confined to this area, out of which 13 involved jaw bones. Characteristic signs and symptoms of periodontal disease were observed in 22 out of 28 cases (79%) with the lower molar area as a predominant site.A case report of a non‐osseous chronic disseminated histiocytosis X with periodontal involvement is presented. The importance of histiocytosis X, as an entity that should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of a process where destructive Periodontitis is involved, is discussed.
Evaluating the Anti‐Plaque Capabilities of a Copper– Containing Prophylaxis Paste
Authors: Moore R. L. , Feldman S. M. , Abbott L. J. , Read C. J. , Williams J. N. , Wittwer J. W. 
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a dental prophylaxis paste containing monocopper citrate (MCC) for short term anti‐plaque capabilities. In addition to other baseline data, plaque scores were recorded on 36 paid volunteer subjects from the dental school student, staff, and faculty populations. After scaling, two quadrants of each subject's dentition were polished with the MCC containing paste and two quadrants with the placebo paste, using a diagonal split mouth double blind design. Subjects did not brush or floss for two days. Plaque scores were recorded at 24 and 48 hours, after which they resumed normal hygiene.Results showed that after 24 hours placebo areas had 92% higher plaque and after 48 hours 33% higher plaque than the active paste areas. This was statistically significant at the P <.001 level. The diminishing effect of the copper containing prophy paste over 48 hours might indicate that the copper ion should be applied on a daily basis for best anti‐plaque results.
Gingival Resistance to Probing Forces
Authors: Keagle J.G. , Garnick J.J. , Searle J.R. , King G.E. , Morse P.K. 
Published: March 2012

This paper presents the results of a study designed to determine (1) if advancement of a periodontal probe under a given force against healthy gingiva differed from its advancement under a similar force, against inflamed gingiva, and (2) to select the diameter which best distinguishes healthy gingiva from that which is inflamed to varying degrees.The teeth of eight beagle dogs were cleaned three times per week for two months until a Gingival Index (GI) of 0 and gingival fluid flow (GFF) of 9 or less, as measured by the Periotron, were obtained. Probes of diameters 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mm were advanced perpendicularly against the attached gingiva in the incisor, premolar, and molar regions by an electromechanical device which simultaneously plotted force versus displacement following initial contact of the probe tip with the gingiva. These forces ranged from 0.1 to 0.9N. This process was repeated in the same animals following cessation of plaque control measures when the GI reached a value of 1 and GFF reached levels of 10 to 19. It was repeated again following placement of an irritating ligature when GI reached 2 and GFF greater than 20.An analysis of covariance showed significant differences between all three levels of health and disease for all probe diameters. F values for the 0.6 mm probe were highest at all probing forces indicating that this diameter most consistently discriminated variation of gingival health status.
Effect of a Chemotherapeutic Agent Delivered by an Oral Irrigation Device on Plaque, Gingivitis, and Subgingival Microflora
Authors: Ciancio Sebastian G. , Mather Maryanne L. , Zambon Joseph J. , Reynolds Homer S. 
Published: March 2012

Sixty‐six adults were examined in a double‐blind study which examined the effect of an antimicrobial agent delivered by an oral irrigating device. Each subject received a randomized half mouth dental prophylaxis. The Gingival Index, gingival crevicular fluid volume, Plaque Index, Modified Papillary Bleeding Index, probing pocket depth, and probing attachment levels were determined at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks. The composition of the subgingival microflora in the prophied and non‐prophied quadrants was examined by phase contrast microscopy and by immunofluorescence.This study demonstrates that an antimicrobial product delivered by an oral irrigating device could result in significant reductions in plaque, bacterial cell counts, and gingival bleeding and may, therefore, be an effective adjunct to normal oral hygiene.