bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Communities in Potato Roots and Soil in Organic and Integrated Production Systems Compared by the Plate Culturing Method
Authors: Lenc Leszek , Kwaśna Hanna , Sadowski CzesŁaw 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMicrobial communities in roots, rhizoplane, rhizosphere soil and non‐rhizosphere soil in potato were compared in organic and integrated production systems in 2005–2007. Identification of microorganisms was based on morphotyping. The density (number of colony‐forming units in a sample) of Fungi and Oomycota was significantly greater in the integrated system. Greater densities of Arthrobacter and Streptomyces occurred more often in organic and integrated systems, respectively. The dominant fungal taxa (with frequency >5% in at least one habitat) included Aspergillus, Clonostachys + Gliocladium, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium + Gibberella + Haematonectria + Neonectria, Gibellulopsis nigrescens, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phoma and Trichoderma. The subdominant taxa (with frequency 1–5%) included species from 16 genera. In the rhizoplane, rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere soil, the total density of pathogens was greater in the organic system, and of antagonists in the integrated system. Dominant pathogens, that is, C. coccodes, Fusarium culmorum, Haematonectria haematococca and G. nigrescens, and dominant antagonists, that is, Clonostachys + Gliocladium and Trichoderma, occurred at greater density in the organic system. Subdominant pathogens, that is, Alternaria + Ulocladium, Pythium and Thanatephorus cucumeris, and subdominant antagonists, that is, Mortierella and Umbelopsis vinacea, occurred at significantly greater density in the integrated system. Incidence of sprout rot was more frequent in the organic system, and of Fusarium dry rot and black scurf in the integrated system. The organic system provided a less disease‐suppressive environment than the integrated system and resulted in smaller potato yield. An integrated system of potato production based on 4‐year rotation, white mustard as a cover crop, inorganic fertilizers including ammonium nitrate and chemical control of insects and diseases may be promoted in Poland.
Selection and Evaluation of Interspecific Hybrids of Pear Highly Resistant to Venturia nashicola
Authors: Zhang Hai E. , Yue Wen Quan , Wu Ya Qin , Yi Wang , Han Zhen Hai , Zhang Xin Zhong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPear scab (Venturia nashicola Tanaka et Yamamoto or Venturia pirina Aderhold) is one of the most important diseases of pears. Two hybrids, 03‐04‐034 and 03‐08‐080, highly resistant to pear scab were selected from interspecific reciprocal crosses of Pyrus × bretschneideri cv. Yali and Pyrus × ussuriensis cv. Jingbaili. The content of salicylic acid (SA) and polyphenols in the leaves of 03‐04‐034 and a highly susceptible hybrid individual were tested by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The two scab‐resistant individuals 03‐04‐034 and 03‐08‐080 were backcrossed with both of their parents, and the progenies were used for inheritance analysis of the resistance trait. The results indicated that diseased and non‐diseased progenies segregated qualitatively and that diseased was dominant over non‐diseased. The ratio of diseased/non‐diseased progenies in all of the backcross populations was not significantly different from 1 : 15 indicating the segregation of four major gene loci was involved in the variation of resistance in these hybrid populations. When susceptible subpopulations from the two crosses were assessed for the severity of infection as measured by the ratio of lesion area to total leaf area, resistance was identified as a quantitative trait. Endogenous SA content in the leaves was extensively induced as early as 3 h after inoculation of the highly resistant individual 03‐04‐034, but no significant change in leaf SA content was found in the highly susceptible individual 03‐19‐136. Polyphenolic compounds, such as phlorhizin, catechol, quercetin and rutin, began to accumulate in leaves of 03‐04‐034 several hours earlier than that 03‐19‐136. The lignin content increased 45 h after inoculation in the resistant individual 03‐04‐034, but not in the susceptible individual 03‐19‐136. These observations indicated that the genetic resistance to pear scab of this interspecific population was correlated to SA induction, earlier polyphenol accumulation and the subsequent lignification of leaf tissue.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF 200 COLORECTAL ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTIONS
Authors: HISABE TAKASHI , NAGAHAMA TAKASHI , HIRAI FUMIHITO , MATSUI TOSHIYUKI , IWASHITA AKINORI 
Published: April 2012

Background:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an outstanding endoscopic technique in which a colonic lesion can be resected en‐bloc. However, the procedure requires a high level of skill and the procedure has yet to be standardized. At the present time, colorectal ESD is only permitted in Japanese institutions that have been certified for advanced medical treatments.Methods:  We examined 200 cases of colorectal ESD that were performed in our hospital.Results:  Over time, it was found that there was a continuous improvement in the treatment outcomes along with advances in both the procedures and the peripheral equipment utilized.Conclusion:  Current results suggest that the colorectal ESD procedure is relatively stable. To ensure colorectal ESD continues to be safe, indications for its use need to be more fully investigated and medical personnel must be trained to carefully perform the procedure.
Metallic stent deployment in endosonography‐guided biliary drainage: Long‐term follow‐up results in patients with bilio‐enteric anastomosis
Authors: Horaguchi Jun , Fujita Naotaka , Noda Yutaka , Kobayashi Go , Ito Kei , Koshita Shinsuke , Kanno Yoshihide , Ogawa Takahisa , Masu Kaori , Hashimoto Shinichi , Ishii Shoutarou 
Published: April 2012

Background and Aim:  Although reports on endosonography‐guided biliary drainage (ESBD) have been increasing, only a few reports on deployment of a self‐expandable metal stents (SEMS) have been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SEMS deployment in ESBD.Methods:  Of 42 patients who underwent ESBD during the period from January 2007 to August 2011, 21 patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction in whom SEMS deployment had been attempted were included. In the first session, a plastic stent or SEMS was placed in a bilio‐enteric anastomosis (BEA) method. SEMS was deployed with the one‐step technique or with replacement of a plastic stent with a SEMS in the second session. The technical success, early and late complications, and stent patency of SEMS were evaluated.Results:  One‐step SEMS deployment was attempted in seven patients, and SEMS was deployed with stent exchange in 14. SEMS deployment was successful in all patients without any complications. Finally, SEMS was placed in a BEA method in 16 patients (extrahepatic bile duct, 13; intrahepatic bile duct, three), and with antegrade deployment in five. Late complications occurred in three patients who underwent deployment of SEMS in a BEA method (stent obstruction in two and reflux cholangitis in one). The mean stent patency period was 433 days.Conclusions:  As SEMS deployment in ESBD is safe and provides long stent patency, a SEMS seems to be the stent of choice in ESBD for patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction in whom long survival is expected.
Comparison of modified introducer method with pull method for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: Prospective randomized study
Authors: Shigoka Hiroaki , Maetani Iruru , Tominaga Kenji , Gon Katsushige , Saitou Michihiro , Takenaka Yukio 
Published: April 2012

Aim:  The pull method is associated with a high incidence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) site infection. The introducer method has been shown to be less likely to cause infection, because it avoids the passage of a tube through the oropharynx. The aim of the present study was to compare the modified introducer method with the pull method for PEG.Methods:  The study included patients who were scheduled for PEG from April 2008 to April 2010. The patients were randomly assigned to receive PEG by the pull method (Group I) or the modified introducer method (Group II). We evaluated the incidence of PEG site infection, some infection‐associated parameters and other complications. Wound infections were evaluated in accordance with the Jain's score.Results:  Of 62 patients enrolled, 31 patients were assigned to each of the two groups. One patient in Group I died on the day after PEG. The cause of death and relationship with PEG were unclear. Excluding this patient, 61 were included in the per‐protocol analysis. The incidence of peristomal infection within 1 week was slightly lower in Group II than in Group I, albeit not statistically significant (12.9% vs 23.3%, P = 0.3354). White blood cell count (WBC) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly lower in Group II (WBC: P = 0.0345, CRP: P = 0.0346). None of the patients underwent surgical procedures for the treatment of peristomal infection.Conclusion:  The results of the present study show that gastrostomy by the modified introducer method may be less likely, although not significantly, to cause peristomal infection than the pull method.
Training practice nurses to improve the physical health of patients with severe mental illness: Effects on beliefs and attitudes
Authors: Hardy Sheila 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAnnual health checks are recommended for patients with severe mental illness (SMI) as they are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Ideally, these health checks should be carried out in primary care. Practice nurses are already competent in carrying out physical health checks, but might have misconceptions about mental illness, which is a barrier to offering the service. We used a mirror imaging study to establish the effectiveness of a training package for practice nurses that aims to address common misconceptions about the physical health of people with SMI. This 2‐hour training package (Northampton Physical Health and Wellbeing Project) was delivered to eight practice nurses. Their misconceptions and beliefs were assessed before and after training. Motivation to work with community mental health workers was assessed after training. The practice nurses involved in the study rejected commonly held misconceptions about the physical health of people with SMI after training. Their attitudes towards their role in providing health checks appeared to be modified in a positive direction. Their motivation to work with community mental health workers also seemed to be enhanced. The Northampton Physical Health and Wellbeing Project training was effective in modifying practice nurses' misconceptions about physical health in people with SMI.
Health behaviour interventions to improve physical health in individuals diagnosed with a mental illness: A systematic review
Authors: Happell Brenda , Davies Cally , Scott David 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTIndividuals diagnosed with mental illness experience high rates of morbidity and mortality as a result of poor physical health and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature on health behaviour interventions to improve the physical health of individuals diagnosed with a mental illness. A systematic search strategy was undertaken using four of the major electronic databases. Identified articles were screened for inclusion, included articles were coded, and data were extracted and critically reviewed. A total of 42 articles were identified for inclusion. The most commonly targeted physical health behaviour was weight management. The majority of studies reported improvements in health behaviours following interventions. The findings provide evidence for the positive effect of health behaviour interventions in improving the physical health of individuals diagnosed with a serious mental illness. A focus on health behaviour interventions within the mental health nursing profession might lead to improvements in health behaviours and general health in consumers of mental health services.
Mental and physical health comordibity: Political imperatives and practice implications
Authors: Hardy Sally , Thomas Ben 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTInsufficient priority is being given to meet the physical health‐care needs of people with mental illness. Mental health nurses, as the largest professional group working in mental health care, have a pivotal role in improving the physical health and well‐being of people with mental illness. Through health‐promotion strategies, alongside recovery‐focused support aimed at avoiding deteriorating physical health, mental health nurses can significantly contribute to improving the current rate of premature death experienced by people with enduring mental illness. Drawing from contemporary policy, alongside practical examples taken from the published literature, this paper considers what constitutes recommended best practice in dealing with the physical health‐care needs of people with mental illness. The role that UK‐based health‐care policy plays in shaping care delivery that meets the needs of people with mental illness is explored and placed within the context of global health concerns. Recommendations are made on how mental health nursing can work to provide evidence for a reassertion that nurses are well placed to work across organizational and professional boundaries to deliver person‐centred care and a holistic approach to population health and well‐being.
Deterministic Processing of Complex Multiaxial Fatigue Load Data on a Tubular Specimen with Hole
Authors: PAPUGA J. , HRUBÝ Z. , RŮŽIČKA M. , BALDA M. , SVOBODA J. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA study of the use of deterministic fatigue life prediction methods for a set of multiaxial experimental data on broad‐band random loading applied to a tubular specimen with a hole is presented. There is a discussion of the applicability of stress‐based predictions and strain‐based predictions based on the linear cumulative rule under current conditions. The only feasible criteria finally chosen for the application are strain‐based methods for analysing the fatigue life until fatigue crack initiation. Several methods differing in the damage parameter and application of the mean stress effect (MSE) are evaluated. The MSE is optimised so that a comparison of the predicted and experimental data have the least scatter and similar mean values. The results are presented, and the most promising method (by Erdogan and Roberts) has been selected. The positive properties of Walker mean stress correction and the failure of SWT and Landgraf methods are commented on.
Concurrent ratcheting–fatigue damage analysis of uniaxially loaded A‐516 Gr.70 and 42CrMo Steels
Authors: AHMADZADEH G. R. , VARVANI‐FARAHANI A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis study intends to investigate the concurrent interaction of fatigue damage and ratcheting strain in two commonly used steel alloys of (American Society for Testing and Materials) ASTM A‐516 Gr.70 and 42CrMo, respectively for pressure vessels and high grade machinery parts over uniaxial stress cycles. Ratcheting extension and fatigue damage progress were both characterized cycle‐by‐cycle over life cycles of tested materials. The interaction of ratcheting and fatigue damage was defined based on mechanistic parameters involving the effects of mean stress, stress amplitude and cyclic softening/hardening response of materials. The extent of ratcheting effect was defined by product of average ratcheting strain per cycle, and maximum stress value during a cycle, while fatigue damage was analysed based on earlier developed energy‐based models of Xia–Ellyin, and Smith–Watson–Topper. Overall damage due to ratcheting and fatigue was calibrated through a weighting factor at various mean/ cyclic amplitude stresses. An algorithm was developed to evaluate overall damage due to ratcheting and fatigue stress cycles of materials subjected to various mean and amplitude stresses. The estimated lives at different mean stresses and stress amplitudes for ASTM A‐516 Gr.70 and 42CrMo samples showed good agreements as compared with those of reported experimental data.
Genome‐wide identification of novel small RNAs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gómez‐Lozano María , Marvig Rasmus Lykke , Molin Søren , Long Katherine S. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) function in post‐transcriptional control of gene expression and control a variety of processes including metabolic reactions, stress responses and pathogenesis in response to environmental signals. A variety of approaches have been used previously to identify 44 sRNAs in the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this work, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) is used to identify novel transcripts in P. aeruginosa involving a combination of three different sequencing libraries. Almost all known sRNAs and over 500 novel intergenic sRNAs are identified with this approach. Although the use of three libraries increased the number of novel transcripts identified, there were significant differences in the subset of transcripts detected in each library, underscoring the importance of library preparation strategy and relative sRNA abundance for successful sRNA detection. Nearly 90% of the novel sRNAs have no orthologous bacterial sequences outside of P. aeruginosa, supporting a limited degree of sequence conservation and rapid evolution of sRNAs at the species level. We anticipate that the data will be useful for the study of regulatory sRNAs in bacteria and that the approach described here may be applied to identify sRNAs in any bacterium under different growth and stress conditions.
Comparison of efficacy between uncovered and covered self‐expanding metallic stents in malignant large bowel obstruction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Y. , Shi J. , Shi B. , Song C. Y. , Xie W. F. , Chen Y. X. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim  Insertion of a self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) can rapidly relieve colorectal obstruction. This study aimed to compare the efficacy between uncovered and covered SEMSs in the treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction.Method  A systematic search in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register and bibliographies of retrieved articles was performed. Randomized controlled trials and other comparative studies comparing uncovered and covered SEMSs for treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction were selected for this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The main outcome measures were technical success, clinical success, tumour ingrowth, tumour overgrowth, early migration (≤ 7 days), late migration (> 7 days), overall complications and the duration of stent patency.Results  Compared with covered SEMSs, uncovered SEMSs were associated with a lower late migration rate (relative risk 0.25; 95% CI 0.08, 0.80; P = 0.02), a higher tumour ingrowth rate (relative risk 5.99; 95% CI 2.23, 16.10; P = 0.0004) and a prolonged stent patency (weighted mean difference 15.34 days; 95% CI 4.31, 26.37; P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in technical success, clinical success, tumour overgrowth, early migration, perforation or overall complications between the two groups.Conclusion  Tumour ingrowth occurred more frequently in the uncovered SEMS group, while late migration was more common in the covered SEMS group.
Achieving high quality colonoscopy: using graphical representation to measure performance and reset standards
Authors: Rajasekhar P. T. , Rutter M. D. , Bramble M. G. , Wilson D. W. , East J. E. , Greenaway J. R. , Saunders B. P. , Lee T. J. W. , Barton R. , Hungin A. P. S. , Rees C. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim  Completeness and thoroughness of colonoscopy are measured by the caecal intubation rate (CIR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR). National standards are ≥ 90% and ≥ 10% respectively. Variability in CIR and ADR have been demonstrated but comparison between individuals and units is difficult. We aimed to assess the performance of colonoscopy in endoscopy units in the northeast of England.Method  Data on colonoscopy performance and sedation use were collected over 3 months from 12 units. Colonoscopies performed by screening colonoscopists were included for the CIR only. Funnel plots with upper and lower 95% confidence limits for CIR and ADR were created.Results  CIR was 92.5% (n = 5720) and ADR 15.9% (n = 4748). All units and 128 (99.2%) colonoscopists were above the lower limit for CIR. All units achieved the ADR standard with 10 above the upper limit. Ninety‐nine (76.7%) colonoscopists were above 10%, 16 (12.4%) above the upper limit and 7 (5.4%) below the lower limit. Median medication doses were 2.2 mg midazolam, 29.4 mg pethidine and 83.3 μg fentanyl. In all, 15.1% of colonoscopies were unsedated. Complications were bleeding (0.10%) and perforation (0.02%). There was one death possibly related to bowel preparation.Conclusion  Results indicate that colonoscopies are performed safely and to a high standard. Funnel plots can highlight variability and areas for improvement. Analyses of ADR presented graphically around the global mean suggest that the national standard should be reset at 15%.
Genetic modification; the development of transgenic ornamental plant varieties
Authors: Chandler Stephen F. , Sanchez Cory 
Published: April 2012

SummaryPlant transformation technology (hereafter abbreviated to GM, or genetic modification) has been used to develop many varieties of crop plants, but only a few varieties of ornamental plants. This disparity in the rate and extent of commercialisation, which has been noted for more than a decade, is not because there are no useful traits that can be engineered into ornamentals, is not due to market potential and is not due to a lack of research and development activity. The GM ornamental varieties which have been released commercially have been accepted in the marketplace. In this article, progress in the development of transgenic ornamentals is reviewed and traits useful to both consumers and producers are identified. In considering possible factors limiting the release of genetically modified ornamental products it is concluded that the most significant barrier to market is the difficulty of managing, and the high cost of obtaining, regulatory approval.
Auctions with Anticipated Emotions: Overbidding, Underbidding, and Optimal Reserve Prices*
Authors: Roider Andreas , Schmitz Patrick W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe experimental literature has documented that there is overbidding in second‐price auctions, regardless of the valuations of bidders. In contrast, in first‐price auctions, there tends to be overbidding for large valuations, but underbidding for small valuations. We show that the experimental evidence can be rationalized by a simple extension of the standard auction model, where bidders anticipate (constant) positive or negative emotions caused by the mere fact of winning or losing. Even if the emotional (dis‐)utilities are very small, the revenue‐maximizing reserve price might be significantly different from the standard model. Moreover, decreases with the number of bidders.