bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Antipsychotic Prescribing in Schizophrenia in Auckland
Authors: Wheeler Amanda , Humberstone Verity , Robinson Gail 
Published: December 2009

Objective: This study describes antipsychotic prescribing practices for outpatients with schizophrenia over a 3 year period in two large mental health catchment areas of Auckland. Methods: All community files were reviewed at three time points. Patient characteristics, diagnosis and antipsychotic treatment information were recorded and analysed. Results: Over the three time periods, the number of outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was stable. There was a marked change in the type of antipsychotic prescribed, with an 18.6% increase in atypical antipsychotics and a decrease in both intramuscular and oral typical antipsychotics. Clozapine was the most commonly prescribed antipsychotic in 2003 (35%). Despite the fact that polypharmacy was relatively low (14.6% in 2003), those receiving more than one antipsychotic had a greater likelihood of being prescribed a higher total daily dose. Conclusions: This study describes a change in antipsychotic prescribing towards recommended practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia over a 3 year period.
The Need for the Development and Evaluation of Preventive Psychosocial Forensic Interventions in Mainstream Adult Community Mental Health Services
Authors: Gleeson John , Nathan Pamela , Bradley Gail 
Published: December 2009

Objective: This paper provides a selective review of forensic research with the aim of making recommendations for the development and evaluation of psychosocial interventions for the mainstream community mental health setting to address the needs of patients with a history of offending. Conclusion: Mainstream community mental health services can be guided by existing findings in the design of psychosocial intervention and prevention programmes. There is growing need to develop and evaluate such interventions.
Remote Area Indigenous Psychiatry: Not your usual Day at the Office
Authors: Cord-Udy Nigel 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To describe the development since 2001 of visiting psychiatric services for the very remotely located indigenous communities in South Australia. Conclusions: The South Australian experience indicates that visiting psychiatric services can be provided in a sustainable and culturally appropriate manner for the benefit of Aboriginal people who live in the remotest places in Australia. These services are an important part of the broader response by the health sector to the mental and physical health needs of indigenous Australians. The work is professionally rewarding for clinicians.
Mood Stabilizer Prescribing in a Christchurch Adolescent Sample: Does it Comply with Guidelines?
Authors: Craig Brian , Olsen Annalise , Swadi Harith , Bobier Candace 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To determine the level of compliance with official guidelines for prescribing mood stabilizers among adolescents in Christchurch, New Zealand. Methods: A retrospective audit of clinical files of patients aged 13–19 years attending inpatient and outpatient services in the Child, Adolescent and Family Service in the Canterbury District catchment area was carried out against set criteria derived from the Ministry of Health Guidelines regarding the use of mood stabilizers (lithium and sodium valproate). A guideline compliance index was also created to measure overall compliance. Results: Over a period of 3 years beginning from January 2000, we identified 68 episodes of initiation among 58 adolescents. Of those, 91.2% were for indications set in the guidelines. More than half appeared to have been given no information about the medication, and only 61.8% had documented consent. Two-thirds had a full laboratory work-up before initiation. More than one-third had no evidence of communication with general practitioners about being initiated on a mood stabilizer. Overall, only 13.2% were 100% compliant and only 50% were 80% compliant. Conclusion: In general, mood stabilizers were prescribed as indicated, but adherence to the guidelines beyond that appears to fall short of standards set by the guidelines.
Books Reconsidered: Emile Durkheim, Le Suicide
Authors: Robertson Michael 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To reappraise Emile Durkheim's taxonomy of suicide in Le Suicide in the light of recent experience. Conclusions: While Durkheim's scientific method and argument are fundamentally fiawed, some of his concepts have instrumental value in attempting to understand the complex origins of suicidal behaviour. Durkheim's baseless dismissal of mental illness as a key determinant of suicidal behaviour weakens his thesis significantly. However, his conceptualization of anomic, egoistic and altruistic suicide provides a means of comprehending recent trends in suicidal behaviour in the former Soviet states and a possible window into the psyche of the suicides of religious and political extremists.
Hepatitis C in People With Mental Illness: How Big is the Problem and How Do We Respond?
Authors: Seccull Alison , Richmond Jacqui , Thomas Ben , Herrman Helen 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To review the evidence available on best practice care of people with both hepatitis C and mental illness and its application in a mental health service. Methods: A literature search was conducted for publications dealing with screening, referral for specialist review and antiviral treatment for this population group. Results: A small number of studies was identified that specifically dealt with screening and treatment for hepatitis C in people with mental illness. Conclusions: Screening, referral and treatment for hepatitis C in people with mental illness is worthwhile and achievable.
Mother–Infant Psychotherapy and Perinatal Psychiatry: Current Clinical Practice and Future Directions
Authors: Galbally Megan , Lewis Andrew , Snellen Martien , Paul Campbell , Szego Klara , Trauer Tom 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To explore trends in the practice of mother–infant psychotherapy among perinatal psychiatry clinicians based in Melbourne. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a purpose designed self-report questionnaire was used to assess the attitudes and practices of 47 perinatal and infant psychiatry clinicians in their use and understanding of mother–infant psychotherapy. Results: Seventy per cent of clinicians in this field of psychotherapy who responded to the questionnaire subscribe to a psychodynamic model, although cognitive behavioural models are also used. The interventions were mostly used in conjunction with other interventions, would be more accurately described as ‘parent–infant psychotherapy’, and non-psychiatrists in the area tended to be more likely to be formally trained in psychotherapy, but only 4% were formally trained in specific mother–infant psychotherapy. There was a unanimous request for further clinical training in this area. Conclusions: The emerging field of perinatal psychiatry needs to develop coherent therapeutic models and conduct outcome trials on specific interventions. Specific trainings in these models, in assessment and in diagnostic frameworks are required to enhance clinical efficacy, for research and service development purposes.
Psychiatric Emergencies in Children and Adolescents: An Emergency Department Audit
Authors: Jean Starling , Kim Bridgland , Donna Rose 
Published: December 2009

Objective: To describe a cohort of children presenting to a paediatric emergency department with mental health problems. Methods: An Emergency Department (ED) computerized record system and hospital records were used to obtain data on children who presented to a paediatric ED with mental health problems. Results: There were 291 presentations of 231 children in a 10-month period, about one per day. They were a small (0.8%) but complicated part of the ED workload. Most were first presentations and came voluntarily to ED. There were a wide variety of presenting symptoms including self-harm, suicide attempts, behavioural disorders and medical disorders with associated psychological problems. Acute psychosis was rare. Conclusions: Many children with mental health problems were seen for the first time in ED. With the growing awareness of mental health problems in this age group, it is likely that such presentations will increase. Paediatric and psychiatry services have an opportunity to work together to provide early intervention services for what is potentially a very accessible population.
Histone acetylation and steroid receptor coactivator expression during clofibrate‐induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Asano Jumpei , Kudo Toshihiro , Shimizu Takeshi , Fan Yang , Nanashima Naoki , Yamana Daisuke , Miura Takuya , Yamada Toshiyuki , Tsuchida Shigeki 
Published: December 2009

Peroxisome proliferators (PPs), non‐genotoxic rodent carcinogens, cause the induction of the peroxisomal fatty acid β‐oxidation system, including bifunctional enzyme (BE) and 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase (TH), in the liver. GST M1 gene is polymorphic in Sprague–Dawley rats, NC‐ and KS‐type. The KS‐type rats showed enhanced susceptibility to ethyl‐α‐chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (clofibrate, CF), one of the PPs. The degree of BE induction was higher in the KS‐type and preneoplastic foci developed after 6–8 weeks of treatment, whereas no foci developed in the NC‐type. In the preset study, factors involved in different BE inducibility were investigated. There were no differences in hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) α levels between them. Among various coactivators for PPARα, only steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)‐3 level was higher in the KS‐type. To investigate the association between PPARα and SRC‐3 or other proteins, nuclear extracts from CF‐treated livers were applied to a PPARα column. In the KS‐type, 110, 72, and 42 kDa proteins were bound and these were identified as SRC‐3, BE, and TH, respectively. EMSA supported the binding of these proteins to PPARα associated to the BE enhancer in CF‐treated KS‐type, but not in the NC‐type. Histone H3 acetylation was increased 11‐fold in the KS‐type by CF treatment but not in the NC‐type. As BE and TH are responsible for acetyl‐CoA production and SRC‐3 possesses a histone acetyltransferase activity, these results suggest that enhanced BE induction in the KS‐type livers is due to acetylation‐mediated transcriptional activation and epigenetic mechanisms might be involved in CF‐induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 876–875)
Establishment of six new human biliary tract carcinoma cell lines and identification of MAGEH1 as a candidate biomarker for predicting the efficacy of gemcitabine treatment
Authors: Ojima Hidenori , Yoshikawa Daitaro , Ino Yoshihiro , Shimizu Hiroko , Miyamoto Masashi , Kokubu Akiko , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Morofuji Noriaki , Kondo Tadashi , Onaya Hiroaki , Okusaka Takuji , Shimada Kazuaki , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Esaki Minoru , Nara Satoshi , Kosuge Tomoo , Hirohashi Setsuo , Kanai Yae , Shibata Tatsuhiro 
Published: December 2009

The aim of this study was to establish new biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) cell lines and identify predictive biomarkers for the potential effectiveness of gemcitabine therapy. Surgical specimens of BTC were transplanted directly into immunodeficient mice to establish xenografts, then subjected to in vitro cell culture. The gemcitabine sensitivity of each cell line was determined and compared with the genome‐wide gene expression profile. A new predictive biomarker candidate was validated using an additional cohort of gemcitabine‐treated BTC cases. From 55 BTC cases, we established 19 xenografts and six new cell lines. Based on their gemcitabine sensitivity, 10 BTC cell lines (including six new and four publicly available ones) were clearly categorized into two groups, and MAGEH1 mRNA expression in the tumor cells showed a significant negative correlation with their sensitivity to gemcitabine. Immunohistochemically, MAGEH1 protein was detected in three (50%) out of six sensitive cell lines, and four (100%) out of four resistant cell lines. In the validation cohort of gemcitabine‐treated recurrence cases, patients were categorized into “effective” and “non‐effective” groups according to the RECIST guidelines for assessment of chemotherapeutic effects. MAGEH1 protein expression was detected in two (40%) out of five “effective” cases and all four (100%) “non‐effective” cases. We have established a new BTC bioresource that covers a wide range of biological features, including drug sensitivity, and is linked with clinical information. Negative expression of MAGEH1 protein serves as a potential predictive marker for the effectiveness of gemcitabine therapy in BTC.(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 882–888)
Associations of polymorphisms in the promoter I of bovine acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐α gene with beef fatty acid composition
Authors: Zhang S. , Knight T. J. , Reecy J. M. , Wheeler T. L. , Shackelford S. D. , Cundiff L. V. , Beitz D. C. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter I (PI) region of the bovine acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐α (ACACA) gene and to evaluate the extent to which they were associated with lipid‐related traits. Eight novel SNPs were identified, which were AJ276223:g.2064T>A (SNP1), g.2155C>T (SNP2), g.2203G>T (SNP3), g.2268T>C (SNP4), g.2274G>A (SNP5), g.2340A>G (SNP6), g.2350T>C (SNP7) and g.2370A>G (SNP8). Complete linkage disequilibrium was observed among SNP1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8. Phenotypic data were collected from 573 cross‐bred steers with six sire breeds, including Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara and Romosinuano. The genotypes of SNP1/2/4/5/6/8 were significantly associated with adjusted backfat thickness. The genotypes of SNP3 were significantly associated with triacylglycerol (TAG) content and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) in Brangus‐, Romosinuano‐ and Bonsmara‐sired cattle. Cattle with g.2203GG genotype had greater concentrations of TAG, total lipid, total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid than did cattle with g.2203GT genotype. The genotypes of SNP7 were significantly associated with fatty acid composition of LM. Cattle with genotype g.2350TC had greater amounts of several fatty acids in LM than did cattle with genotype g.2350CC. Our results suggested that the SNPs in the PI region of ACACA gene are associated with variations in the fatty acid contents in LM.
Closing and continentalization of the South Pyrenean foreland basin (NE Spain): magnetochronological constraints
Authors: Costa Elisenda , Garcés Miguel , López‐Blanco Miguel , Beamud Elisabet , Gómez‐Paccard Miriam , Larrasoaña Juan Cruz 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper presents new magnetostratigraphic results from a 1100‐m‐thick composite section across the marine to continental sediments of the central part of the SE margin of the Ebro basin (NE Spain). Integration with existing marine and continental biochronological data allows a robust correlation with the geomagnetic polarity time scale. The resulting absolute chronology ranges from 36.3 to 31.1 Ma (Priabonian to Rupelian), and yields an interpolated age of ∼36.0 Ma (within chron C16n.2n) for the youngest marine sediments of the eastern Ebro basin. This age is in concordance with a reinterpretation of earlier magnetostratigraphic data from the western South Pyrenean foreland basin, and indicates that continentalization of the basin occurred as a rapid and isochronous event. The basin continentalization, determined by the seaway closure that resulted from the uplift of the western Pyrenees, was probably coincident with a mid‐amplitude eustatic sea level low with a maximum at 36.2 Ma. The base level drop that followed the basin closure and desiccation does not appear associated to a significant sedimentary hiatus along the margins, suggesting a late Eocene shallow marine basin that rapidly refilled and raised its base level after the seaway closing. Rapid basin filling following continentalization predates the phase of rapid exhumation of the Central Pyrenean Axial Zone from 35.0 to 32.0 Ma, determined from the thermochronology data. It is possible then that sediment aggradation at the front of the fold‐and‐thrust belt could have contributed to a decrease in the taper angle, triggering growth of the inner orogenic wedge through break‐back thrusting and underplating. Contrasting sedimentation trends between the western and eastern sectors of the South Pyrenean foreland indicate that basin closing preferentially affected those areas subjected to sediment bypass towards the ocean domain. As a result, sediment ponding after basin closure is responsible for a two‐fold increase of sedimentation rates in the western sector, while changes of sedimentation rates are undetected in the more restricted scenario of the eastern Ebro basin.
Haemostasis and thrombosis in liver disease
Authors: Roberts Lara N. , Patel Raj K. , Arya Roopen 
Published: December 2009

SummaryLiver disease impacts on both primary and secondary haemostatic mechanisms and historically these changes were thought to underpin the bleeding diathesis. However, bleeding complications in patients with liver disease are unpredictable, with the majority of haemorrhagic episodes occurring as a result of porto‐systemic varices. Thrombosis is an increasingly recognised complication and systemic hypercoagulability may contribute to the development of parenchymal extinction and accelerated hepatic fibrosis. Routine laboratory tests do not reliably predict the risk of haemorrhage and the optimal management strategy to avert potential bleeding complications is yet to be established. There may be a future role for global coagulation assays, such as thrombelastograpy and thrombin generation, in both stratifying the risk of bleeding and guiding management of these patients.
NOTCH2 links protein kinase C delta to the expression of CD23 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells
Authors: Hubmann Rainer , Düchler Markus , Schnabl Susanne , Hilgarth Martin , Demirtas Dita , Mitteregger Dieter , Hölbl Andrea , Vanura Katrina , Le Trang , Look Thomas , Schwarzmeier Josef D. , Valent Peter , Jäger Ulrich , Shehata Medhat 
Published: December 2009

SummaryOne characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes is high expression of CD23, which has previously been identified as a downstream target for NOTCH2 signalling. The mechanisms regulating NOTCH2‐dependent CD23 expression, however, are largely unknown. This study showed that peripheral CLL cells overexpressed transcriptionally active NOTCH2 (N2IC), irrespective of their prognostic marker profile. When placed in culture, NOTCH2 activity was spontaneously decreased in 25 out of 31 CLL cases (81%) within 24 h. DNA‐bound N2IC complexes could be maintained by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or by γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ), two CLL characteristic inducers of CD23 expression. Inhibition of PKC‐δ by RNA interference or by rottlerin antagonised PMA‐induced NOTCH2 activation and also suppressed NOTCH2 activity in CLL cases with constitutively activated NOTCH2 signalling. In 23 out of 29 CLL cases tested (79%), DNA‐bound N2IC complexes were found to be resistant to the γ‐secretase inhibitor (GSI) DAPT, suggesting that GSIs will be only effective in a subset of CLL cases. These data suggest that deregulation of NOTCH2 signalling is critically involved in maintaining the malignant phenotype of CLL lymphocytes and point to a link between PKC‐δ and NOTCH2 signalling in the leukemic cells.
Haemostatic effect and tissue reactions of methods and agents used for haemorrhage control in apical surgery
Authors: Jensen S. S. , Yazdi P. M. , Hjørting‐Hansen E. , Bosshardt D. D. , Von Arx T. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryAim  To compare the haemostatic effect and tissue reactions of different agents and methods used for haemorrhage control in apical surgery.Methodology  Six standardized bone defects were prepared in the calvaria of six Burgundy rabbits. Five haemostatic modalities were tested for their haemostatic effect and tissue reactions, and were compared with untreated control defects: ExpasylTM + Stasis®, ExpasylTM + Stasis® + freshening of the bone defect with a bur, Spongostan®, Spongostan® + epinephrine, and electro cauterization. The haemostatic effect was analysed visually and compared using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test. Two groups of three animals were evaluated histologically for hard and soft tissue reactions related to the different haemostatic measures, after 3 and 12 weeks of healing respectively.Results  ExpasylTM + Stasis® and electro cauterization proved most effective in reducing bleeding (P < 0.05), but were accompanied by unfavourable tissue reactions, as indicated by the presence of necrotic bone, inflammatory cells and the absence of bone repair. These adverse tissue reactions did not recover substantially over time. However, adverse reactions were not observed when the superficial layer of bone had been removed with a rotary instrument. In contrast, Spongostan® + epinephrine showed only a moderate haemostatic effect, but elicited also only mild adverse tissue reactions.Conclusions  Haemostasis in experimental bone defects is most effectively accomplished by using ExpasylTM + Stasis® or electro cauterization. However, the bone defects should be freshened with a rotary instrument before suturing so as not to compromise healing.
The application of Simulation‐Assisted Learning Statistics (SALS) for correcting misconceptions and improving understanding of correlation
Authors: Liu T.‐C. , Lin Y.‐C. , Kinshuk  
Published: December 2009

AbstractSimulation‐based computer assisted learning (CAL) is recommended to help students understand important statistical concepts, although the current systems are still far from ideal. Simulation‐Assisted Learning Statistics (SALS) is a simulation‐based CAL that is developed with a learning model that is based on cognitive conflict theory to correct misconceptions and enhance understanding of correlation. In this study, a mixed method (embedded experiment model) was utilized to examine the effects of SALS‐based learning compared with lecture‐based learning. The sample was composed of 72 grade‐12 students, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the comparison group. The findings reveal that the SALS‐based learning approach is significantly more effective than lecture‐based learning, in terms of correcting students' misconceptions and improving their understanding of correlation. The study also uses quantitative and qualitative data to examine how the learning model of the SALS‐based learning approach contributes to the enhanced learning outcomes. Finally, practical suggestions were made with regard to directions for future studies.