bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of multicast routing and wavelength assignment protocol with dynamic traffic grooming in WDM networks
Authors: Kaliammal N. , Gurusamy G. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThe need for on‐demand provisioning of wavelength‐routed channels with service‐differentiated offerings within the transport layer has become more essential because of the recent emergence of high bit rate Internet protocol (IP) network applications. Diverse optical transport network architectures have been proposed to achieve the above requirements. This approach is determined by fundamental advances in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technologies. Because of the availability of ultra long‐reach transport and all‐optical switching, the deployment of all‐optical networks has been made possible. The concurrent transmission of multiple streams of data with the assistance of special properties of fiber optics is called WDM. The WDM network provides the capability of transferring huge amounts of data at high speeds by the users over large distances. There are several network applications that require the support of QoS multicast, such as multimedia conferencing systems, video‐on‐demand systems, real‐time control systems, etc. In a WDM network, the route decision and wavelength assignment of lightpath connections are based mainly on the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA). The multicast RWA's task is to maximize the number of multicast groups admitted or minimize the call‐blocking probability. The dynamic traffic‐grooming problem in wavelength‐routed networks is generally a two‐layered routing problem in which traffic connections are routed over lightpaths in the virtual topology layer and lightpaths are routed over physical links in the physical topology layer. In this paper, a multicast RWA protocol for capacity improvement in WDM networks is designed. In the wavelength assignment technique, paths from the source node to each of the destination nodes and the potential paths are divided into fragments by the junction nodes and these junction nodes have the wavelength conversion capability. By using the concept of fragmentation and grouping, the proposed scheme can be generally applied for the wavelength assignment of multicast in WDM networks. An optimized dynamic traffic grooming algorithm is also developed to address the traffic grooming problem in mesh networks in the multicast scenario for maximizing the resource utilization and minimizing the blocking probability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL) with overlapping cytomorphological features with T‐CLL and T‐ALL: A Case Initially Diagnosed by Fine‐Needle Aspiration Cytology and Immunocytochemistry
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Pathan Shahed K. , Joneja Munish , Al‐Musawi Fatma A. , John Bency , Mirza Kamran R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractT‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL) is a very unusual form of chronic lymphoproliferative disorder, which has rarely been diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We report one such case with some overlapping cytomorphological features with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A 91‐year‐old man presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, ascites, and an ulcerated growth in rectum. FNA smears from the left cervical lymph node showed a monotonous population of small lymphoid cells having small but distinct nucleoli that was initially diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Smears from the left axillary lymph node contained both small and medium‐sized lymphoid cells with frequent hand‐mirror cell appearance, which has been described in acute lymphoblatic leukemia (ALL). Immunocyto/histochemical stainings on smears and cell block preparations of the aspirate showed the following immunophenotype: CD3+, CD4+, CD5+, CD7+, CD8‐, CD20‐, CD23‐, and Tdt‐. Total peripheral blood leukocyte count was 26.4 × 109/L and total lymphocyte count, 8.3 × 109/L with predominance of small lymphocytes. T‐cell nature of the neoplasm was confirmed by biopsies from the cervical lymph node (T‐cell lymphoma), bone marrow (T‐cell lymphoid neoplasm/chronic lymphocytic leukemia), and the ulcerated rectal lesion (atypical T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder). The patient developed deep vein thrombosis, heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and bleeding from duodenal ulcer. By the time the reports of all the investigations were ready, the patient succumbed to bronchopneumonia. To the best of our knowledge, this T‐CLL/T‐PLL which was diagnosed initially by FNA cytology with immunocytochemical support is first of its kind to be reported. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:360–365. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stocks of carbon and nitrogen and partitioning between above‐ and belowground pools in the Brazilian coastal Atlantic Forest elevation range
Authors: Vieira Simone A. , Alves Luciana F. , Duarte‐Neto Paulo J. , Martins Susian C. , Veiga Larissa G. , Scaranello Marcos A. , Picollo Marisa C. , Camargo Plinio B. , do Carmo Janaina B. , Neto Eráclito Sousa , Santos Flavio A. M. , Joly Carlos A. , Martinelli Luiz A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe estimated carbon and nitrogen stocks in aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) along an elevation range in forest sites located on the steep slopes of the Serra do Mar on the north coast of the State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. In elevations of 100 m (lowland), 400 m (submontane), and 1000 m (montane) four 1‐ha plots were established, and above‐ (live and dead) and belowground (live and dead) biomass were determined. Carbon and nitrogen concentrations in each compartment were determined and used to convert biomass into carbon and nitrogen stocks. The carbon aboveground stock (CAGB) varied along the elevation range from approximately 110 to 150 Mg·ha−1, and nitrogen aboveground stock (NAGB), varied from approximately 1.0 to 1.9 Mg·ha−1. The carbon belowground stock (CBGB) and the nitrogen belowground stock (NBGB) were significantly higher than the AGB and varied along the elevation range from approximately 200–300 Mg·ha−1, and from 14 to 20 Mg·ha−1, respectively. Finally, the total carbon stock (CTOTAL) varied from approximately 320 to 460 Mg·ha−1, and the nitrogen total stock (NTOTAL) from approximately 15 to 22 Mg·ha−1. Most of the carbon and nitrogen stocks were found belowground and not aboveground as normally found in lowland tropical forests. The above‐ and belowground stocks, and consequently, the total stocks of carbon and nitrogen increased significantly with elevation. As the soil and air temperature also decreased significantly with elevation, we found a significantly inverse relationship between carbon and nitrogen stocks and temperature. Using this inverse relationship, we made a first approach estimate that an increase of 1°C in soil temperature would decrease the carbon and nitrogen stocks in approximately 17 Mg·ha−1and 1 Mg·ha−1of carbon and nitrogen, respectively.
A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of Ag‐Coated Fe3O4@TiO2 Core/Shell Microspheres as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Yu Xinyao , Jia Yong , Jin Zhen , Liu Jinhuai , Huang Xingjiu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA facile, green, and efficient approach for the fabrication of Ag‐coated Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres with a good core/shell structure has been demonstrated. The protocol employed involves the coating of successive layers of TiO2 nanoparticles on to a magnetic core using a vapor–thermal method at low temperature followed by the deposition of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres through a photochemical route. The Ag‐coated Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres show excellent magnetic properties at room temperature. The photocatalytic properties of the products were investigated for the degradation of organic dyes. The loading of Ag nanoparticles coated on to the surface of the Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres was controlled by changing the UV photoreduction time. The photocatalytic degradation rates were found to increase with the Ag nanoparticle loading until a maximum photodegradation rate was reached, further increasing the Ag loading led to a decrease in the photodegration rate. Furthermore, compared with that of Degussa P25 titania and uncoated Fe3O4@TiO2 microspheres, the products have better photocatalytic activity. The renewable photocatalytic activity of the microspheres was also examined. The results indicate that the catalytic activity was still present after recycling the photocatalysts five times. Thus, the Ag‐coated Fe3O4@TiO2 core/shell microspheres can serve as effective and conveniently recyclable photocatalysts.
Synthesis and characterization of mono‐acylglycerols through the glycerolysis of methyl esters obtained from linseed oil
Authors: Schulz Gracélie A. S. , da Silveira Kelly C. , Libardi Daniela B. , Peralba Maria do Carmo R. , Samios Dimitrios 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHere we investigate the production and characterization of mono‐acylglycerols through the glycerolysis of biodiesel, a methyl ester mixture, obtained from linseed oil. The biodiesel employed was derived from linseed oil through transesterification according to transesterification double step process 1. The efficiency of H2SO4, CaO, and NaOH as catalysts was evaluated for the production of mono‐acylglycerols. The glycerolysis reactions were performed by varying the molar ratio of the reagents (biodiesel:glycerol), the type and amount of catalyst, reaction time and temperature. Systematic evaluation of reaction yield is shown as a function of these parameters. Reaction products were characterized through IR spectroscopy, hydrogen NMR, and the GC techniques. The study of three different catalysts indicated that the most efficient was 5% NaOH in a 1:5 biodiesel–glycerol molar ratio with 10 h reaction time. The reaction reached a maximum of 85% biodiesel conversion with a mono‐acylglycerol yield of 72% at 130°C.
Analysis and antioxidant capacity of the phenolic compounds from argan fruit (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels)
Authors: El Monfalouti Hanae , Charrouf Zoubida , Belviso Simona , Ghirardello Daniela , Scursatone Bernardo , Guillaume Dominique , Denhez Clément , Zeppa Giuseppe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolyphenol composition of the shell, pulp, and roasted and unroasted kernels of the argan fruit was qualitatively and quantitatively determined by HPLC coupled with electrospray negative ionization ion trap MS (HPLC‐ESI‐MS). Eleven phenolic compounds were identified. Unroasted kernels and shell contained various polyphenols but the pulp was characterized by a very high amount of total polyphenols (75.78 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g). The radical scavenging (DPPH. method) and antioxidant activity (ABTS method) of each fruit part was also determined. Argan fruit pulp showed the highest radical scavenging activity (0.17 ± 0.005 µM Trolox equivalent (TE)/mg) and antioxidant activity (0.375 ± 0.07 µM TE/mg). Therefore, argan fruit polyphenols are good candidates to be exploited as health supplements and nutraceuticals.
An upwinded state approximate Riemann solver
Authors: Srinivasan B. , Jameson A. , Krishnamoorthy S. 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYStability is achieved in most approximate Riemann solvers through ‘flux upwinding’, where the flux at the interface is arrived at by adding a dissipative term to the average of the left and right flux. Motivated by the existence of a collapsed interface state in the gas‐kinetic Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) method, an alternative approach to upwinding is attempted here; an interface state is arrived at by taking an upwinded average of left and right states, and then the flux is calculated as a function of this ‘collapsed’ interface state. This so called ‘state‐upwinding’ approach gives rise to a new scheme called the linearized Riemann solver for the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. The scheme is shown to be closely associated with the Roe scheme. It is, however, computationally less expensive and gives qualitatively comparable results over a wide range of problems. Most importantly, this scheme is found to preserve stationary contacts while not exhibiting the carbuncle phenomenon which plagues the Roe and other contact‐preserving schemes. The scheme is therefore motivated as a new starting point to analyze the origin of the carbuncle phenomenon. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A correlative approach at characterizing nanoparticle mobility and interactions after cellular uptake
Authors: Schumann Christian , Schübbe Sabrina , Cavelius Christian , Kraegeloh Annette 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe interactions of nanoparticles with human cells are of large interest in the context of nanomaterial safety. Here, we use live cell imaging and image‐based fluorescence correlation methods to determine colocalization of 88 nm and 32 nm silica nanoparticles with endocytotic vesicles derived from the cytoplasmic membrane and lysosomes, as well as to quantify intracellular mobility of internalized particles, in contrast to particle number quantification by counting techniques. In our study, A549 cells are used as a model for human type II alveolar epithelial cells. We present data supporting endocytotic uptake of the particles and subsequent active transport to the perinuclear region. The presence of particles in lamellar bodies is proposed as a potential exocytosis route. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hyperspectral imaging microscopy for identification and quantitative analysis of fluorescently‐labeled cells in highly autofluorescent tissue
Authors: Leavesley Silas J. , Annamdevula Naga , Boni John , Stocker Samantha , Grant Kristin , Troyanovsky Boris , Rich Thomas C. , Alvarez Diego F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStandard fluorescence microscopy approaches rely on measurements at single excitation and emission bands to identify specific fluorophores and the setting of thresholds to quantify fluorophore intensity. This is often insufficient to reliably resolve and quantify fluorescent labels in tissues due to high autofluorescence. Here we describe the use of hyperspectral analysis techniques to resolve and quantify fluorescently labeled cells in highly autofluorescent lung tissue. This approach allowed accurate detection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) emission spectra, even when GFP intensity was as little as 15% of the autofluorescence intensity. GFP‐expressing cells were readily quantified with zero false positives detected. In contrast, when the same images were analyzed using standard (single‐band) thresholding approaches, either few GFP cells (high thresholds) or substantial false positives (intermediate and low thresholds) were detected. These results demonstrate that hyperspectral analysis approaches uniquely offer accurate and precise detection and quantification of fluorescence signals in highly autofluorescent tissues. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Disadvantaged neighborhood influences on depression and anxiety in youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus: how life stressors matter
Authors: Kang Ezer , Mellins Claude A. , Dolezal Curtis , Elkington Katherine S. , Abrams Elaine J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChildren living with perinatal HIV illness (PHIV+) disproportionately reside in disadvantaged neighborhoods and contend with persistent mental health challenges. This study examined the influences of disadvantaged residential neighborhood on anxiety and depression, and potential resources that buffer against internalizing problems when youths were exposed to neighborhood stressors. Multilevel analysis of 196 PHIV+ and 129 perinatally HIV‐exposed but uninfected youth (PHIV−) in New York City found that higher exposure to neighborhood disorder was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety for PHIV+ and PHIV− youths. Stressful events unrelated to residential neighborhoods significantly mediated the relationship between neighborhood disorder and anxiety and depression. Social problem solving and religiosity did not moderate the relationship between neighborhood disorder and internalizing problems. Our findings highlighted that interventions that attenuate the negative effects of stressful life events were equally critical in addressing the broader impact of disadvantaged neighborhoods on the mental health of youth affected by HIV. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathophysiology of stroke and stroke‐induced retinal ischemia: Emerging role of stem cells
Authors: Muthaian Rupadevi , Minhas Gillipsie , Anand Akshay 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe current review focuses on pathophysiology, animal models and molecular analysis of stroke and retinal ischemia, and the role of stem cells in recovery of these disease conditions. Research findings associated with ischemic stroke and retinal ischemia have been discussed, and efforts towards prevention and limiting the recurrence of ischemic diseases, as well as emerging treatment possibilities with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ischemic diseases, are presented. Although most neurological diseases are still not completely understood and reliable treatment is lacking, animal models provide a major step in validating novel therapies. Stem cell approaches constitute an emerging form of cell‐based therapy to treat ischemic diseases since it is an attractive source for regenerative therapy in the ischemic diseases. In this review, we highlight the advantages and limitations of this approach with a focus on key observations from preclinical animal studies and clinical trials. Further research, especially on treatment with EPCs is warranted. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1269–1279, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dibenzo[d,f][1,3] dioxepine derivatives: A review
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Quan , Zhang Cheng‐Bo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis review presents a survey of synthetic methods and reaction mechanism of the dibenzo[d,f][1,3] dioxepine derivatives. Furthermore, the influence of the substituent groups in 6,6′‐position of dibenzo[d,f][1,3] dioxepine on their conformation is explored. The functional dibenzo[d,f][1,3] dioxepine synthetically versatiles substrate, as they can be used for synthesis of a large variety of π‐conjugated oligomer and polymer containing heterocyclic compounds, such as dibromination dibenzo[d,f][1,3] dioxepine derivative as a raw material of synthesis for organic semiconductor polymers. The synthetic and fluorescent property of π‐conjugated polymers basic on dibenzo[d,f][1,3] dioxepine also is explored. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Trends in inpatient continuity of care for a cohort of Medicare patients 1996–2006
Authors: Fletcher Kathlyn E. , Sharma Gulshan , Zhang Dong , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Goodwin James S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Little is known about how changes in health care delivery, such as the use of hospitalists, have impacted inpatient continuity.OBJECTIVE:To examine the extent of inpatient discontinuity (ie, being seen by more than one generalist physician) during hospitalization for selected patients.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort.SETTING:4,859 US hospitals.PATIENTS:Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and congestive heart failure (CHF) from 1996 through 2006.MEASUREMENTS:We analyzed the proportion of Medicare beneficiaries who received care from 1, 2, or 3 or more generalist physicians during hospitalization. We also examined the factors associated with continuity during the hospitalization.RESULTS:Between 1996 and 2006, 64.3% of patients received care from 1, 26.9% from 2 and 8.8% from 3 or more generalist physicians during hospitalization. The percentage of patients who received care from one generalist physician declined from 70.7% in 1996 to 59.4% in 2006 (P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, continuity with one generalist physician decreased by 5.5% (95% CI, 5.3%–5.6%) per year between 1996 and 2006. Patients receiving all care from hospitalists saw fewer generalist physicians compared to those who received all care from a non‐hospitalist or both. Older patients, females, non‐Hispanic whites, those with higher socioeconomic status, and those with more comorbidities were more likely to receive care from multiple generalist physicians.LIMITATIONS:The results may not be generalizable to non‐Medicare populations.CONCLUSIONS:Hospitalized patients are experiencing less continuity than 10 years ago. The hospitalist model of care does not appear to play a role in this discontinuity. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;6:441–447. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Fast dixon whole‐body MRI for detecting distant cancer metastasis: a preliminary clinical study
Authors: Costelloe Colleen M. , Kundra Vikas , Ma Jingfei , Chasen Beth A. , Rohren Eric M. , Bassett Roland L. , Madewell John E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of fast Dixon whole‐body (WB) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting bone and liver metastasis in clinical patients and to compare its performance with skeletal scintigraphy (SS) for detecting bone metastases using reference imaging with >1 year follow‐up as the gold standard.Materials and Methods:Twenty‐nine patients with bone metastases prospectively underwent WB MRI and SS. WB MRI included coronal T2, axial T1 with and without intravenous gadolinium (including triphasic liver sequences), and axial diffusion‐weighted imaging, plus spinal sagittal postcontrast T1‐weighted images. The skeleton was divided into 16 segments. Reviewers blinded to other images identified up to five lesions per segment and rated them using a five‐point confidence scale for metastatic disease. Sensitivities and specificities were compared using the McNemar test.Results:The sensitivity of WB MRI and SS in detecting bone metastases was 70.8% and 59.6% (P = 0.003), respectively; specificity was 89.1% and 98.7% (P < 0.0001). WB MRI detected all livers with metastases (n = 8). One focal nodular hyperplasia was classified as a metastasis on WB MRI.Conclusion:Fast Dixon WB MRI is feasible in clinical patients, highly specific, and more sensitive than SS in detecting bone metastases, and can detect metastases of the liver. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;399‐408. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.