bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Deracoxib or Buffered Aspirin on the Gastric Mucosa of Healthy Dogs
Authors: Sennello Kathleen A. , Leib Michael S. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Use of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 specific nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs such as deracoxib has been advocated because of their anti‐inflammatory actions and apparently low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects.Hypothesis:Deracoxib will cause less endoscopically detectable gastric injury in dogs than aspirin, a nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug.Animals:Twenty‐four random source healthy dogs.Methods:A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial compared gastroscopic findings of dogs receiving placebo (q8h), aspirin (25 mg/kg PO q8h), or deracoxib (1.5 mg/kg QD, placebo q12h) for 28 days. Gastroscopy on days‐7, 6, 14, and 28 evaluated 4 regions of the stomach separately and visible lesions were scored. Dogs were observed every 8 hours for vomiting and diarrhea. Median total scores for each group were compared each day of endoscopic examination and total dog‐days of vomiting and diarrhea were compared. Significance was determined atP< .05.Results:There were significant differences in total scores of the aspirin group and both the placebo and deracoxib groups on days 6, 14, and 28. No significant differences in total scores were found between placebo and deracoxib on days 6, 14, and 28. Significant differences in dog‐days of vomiting were found between the aspirin and deracoxib groups whereas no significant differences were found between the deracoxib and placebo groups. There was no detectable effect of treatment on dog‐days of diarrhea.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Administration of deracoxib to healthy dogs resulted in significantly lower gastric lesion scores, and fewer days of vomiting compared to aspirin, indicating that deracoxib is better tolerated than aspirin in some dogs.
Esophageal Dysmotility in Young Dogs
Authors: Bexfield N.H. , Watson PJ. , Herrtage M.E. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Abnormal esophageal motility can exist without megaesophagus, although its prevalence in dogs is unknown and its cause has not been elucidated.Hypothesis:Esophageal dysmotility without overt megaesophagus exists in both symptomatic and asymptomatic young dogs, and motility can improve with age.Animals:Dogs examined at the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge for regurgitation, but without evidence of megaesophagus on radiographs, and a further group of asymptomatic dogs.Methods:Dogs underwent an initial and a repeat videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Images were reviewed and 5 criteria of esophageal motility evaluated.Results:Eight affected dogs were identified (median age 9 months), and terrier dogs predominated (6 terriers of 3 breeds). Esophageal motility was reduced either globally (n = 3) or segmentally (n = 5). Repeat examination at a median of 3 months revealed that regurgitation had reduced or resolved in the majority of terrier dogs, and 4 of 6 cases demonstrated an improvement in esophageal motility. Videofluoroscopic evaluation of young (median age 11 months) asymptomatic dogs of various breeds (n = 22) revealed evidence of esophageal dysmotility in 4 of 5 control terrier dogs. Repeat evaluation demonstrated an improvement in esophageal motility in 3 dogs.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Esophageal dysmotility without overt megaesophagus occurs in young terrier dogs, and affected animals can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Further, an improvement in esophageal motility occurs with time in some dogs, and might represent a syndrome of delayed esophageal maturation.
Cardiovascular Involvement in 8 Dogs with Blastomyces dermatitidis Infection
Authors: Schmiedt Chad , Kellum Heidi , Legendre AIfred M. , Gompf Rebecca E. , Bright Janice M. , Houle Christopher D. , Schutten Melissa , Stepien Rebecca 
Published: March 2010

Background:Blastomycosis is a common systemic fungal infection in dogs.Hypothesis:Dogs with cardiovascular involvement may have abnormalities in electrical conduction and valvular function, and may have a worse prognosis.Animals:Eight client‐owned animals.Methods:Dogs with cardiovascular lesions caused by blastomycosis were identified from retrospective evaluation of medical records.Results:Five dogs had de novo infections and 3 had recurrences of previously treated infections. Harsh labored breathing, lethargy, and anorexia were the most common historic complaints. Three dogs had syncope. Physical examination and clinicopathologic data were typical of blastomycosis and included dyspnea, increased lung sounds, and lethargy. In addition, 3 dogs had heart murmurs and 1 had a third‐degree atrioventricular block. Four dogs had myocarditis and 2 had pericarditis or epicarditis. Two dogs had cardiac signs attributed to extracardiac compression by fungal granulomas and clinical signs were relieved by treatment. Half of the remaining 6 dogs were euthanized; 2 of these were not treated. Of the remaining 3 dogs, 1 dog died acutely while sleeping; the second died intraoperatively during an attempt to place an epicardial pacemaker; and the third had Blastomyces‐induced endocarditis and died of heart failure.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Blastomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs from endemic areas with inflammatory myocarditis, heart block, heart base or intracardiac mass lesions, syncope, or endocarditis.
Hypothyroid‐Associated Central Vestibular Disease in 10 Dogs: 1999–2005
Authors: Higgins Michael A. , Rossmeisl John H. , Panciera David L. 
Published: March 2010

Background:With the exception of myxedema coma, central nervous system signs are rare in hypothyroid dogs.Hypothesis:Central vestibular dysfunction is a possible and reversible manifestation of hypothyroidism.Animals:Medical records of dogs with vestibular dysfunction and hypothyroidism were reviewed. Of 113 records identified, 10 dogs with at least 2 concurrent clinical neurologic abnormalities localizable to the central vestibular system were included.Methods:Retrospective, descriptive study.Results:Median age at diagnosis was 7 years (range, 5–10 years). All dogs were referred for progressive neurologic disease. Lesions were localized to the myelencephalic region in 5 dogs and to the vestibulocerebellum in 5 dogs. Two dogs had evidence of multifocal intracranial disease. Non‐neurologic physical abnormalities suggestive of hypothyroidism were absent in 7 of 10 dogs. Hypercholesterolemia was the only consistent clinicopathologic abnormality detected, and was present in 7 of 10 dogs. All dogs had total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations below reference ranges, and 9 of 10 had increased TSH concentrations. Intracranial imaging studies were normal in 5 of 8 dogs, and identified lesions consistent with infarctions in 3 of 8 dogs. Albuminocytologic dissociation was detected in 5 of 6 CSF analyses. Brainstem auditory‐evoked responses disclosed prolonged wave V latencies in 3 of 4 dogs tested. No other causes of central vestibular dysfunction were identified during other diagnostic investigations. The median time from initiation of treatment to clinical improvement was 4 days. Vestibular signs resolved in 9 of 10 dogs within 4 weeks.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Although the pathogenesis in dogs without evidence of infarction is unknown, central vestibular dysfunction appears to be a rare but reversible neurologic sequelae of hypothyroidism.
Response of Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma to Lomustine (CCNU): A Retrospective Study of 46 Cases (1999–2004)
Authors: Risbon R.E. , de Lorimier L.P. , Skorupski K. , Burgess K.E. , Bergman PJ. , Carreras J. , Hahn K. , LeBlanc A. , Turek M. , Impellizeri J. , III R. Fred , Wojcieszyn J.W. , Drobatz K. , Clifford C.A. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Epitheliotropic lymphoma (ELSA) is an uncommon cutaneous canine malignancy of T lymphocytes. A consensus regarding the therapeutic standard of care is lacking, warranting evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents traditionally employed against canine nodal lymphoma in the treatment of ELSA.Hypothesis:The purpose of this retrospective, multi‐institutional study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea (CCNU) in the treatment of ELSA.Animals:Forty‐six dogs with adequate follow‐up and treatment response information.Methods:All cases were diagnosed histopathologically. Immunohistochemisty (CD3, CD79a) was performed on 42/46 samples.Results:Presenting skin lesions included generalized scales (25/46), plaques or nodules (22/46), mucocutaneous lesions (14/46), and corneal involvement (1/46). Lymph node involvement and Sézary syndrome were documented in 7 and 2 dogs, respectively. The median number of CCNU treatments was 4 (range, 1–11), with a median starting dose of 60 mg/m2(range, 30–95). Of the 46 dogs, 15 achieved complete remission, 23 achieved partial remission, 5 had stable disease, and 3 had progressive disease, for an overall response rate of 83%. The median number of treatments to achieve a response was 1 (range, 1–6). The overall median duration of response was 94 days (range, 22–282). Sixteen dose reductions were required because of neutropenia (10/46), thrombocytopenia (1/46), anemia (1/46), increased liver enzyme activity (3/46), or unspecified reasons (1/46).Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Given the high response rate and well tolerated protocol, prospective studies are warranted to investigate the utility of CCNU alone or in multi‐agent protocols for the treatment of ELSA.
Intestinal Neoplasia in Horses
Authors: Taylor S.D. , Pusterla N. , Vaughan B. , Whitcomb M.B. , Wilson W.D. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Intestinal neoplasia of horses is inadequately described.Hypothesis:Intestinal neoplasia of horses has characteristic clinicopathologic features.Animals:Thirty‐four horses with intestinal neoplasia.Methods:Retrospective study.Results:Anamnesis, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and pathologic findings in 34 adult horses diagnosed histologically with intestinal neoplasia were reviewed. The horses ranged in age from 2 to 30 years (mean 16.6 years at presentation). The Arabian breed was most represented and there was no sex predisposition. The most common presenting complaints were weight loss, colic, anorexia, and fever. The most consistent clinical signs were poor body condition, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, and diarrhea. Useful diagnostic tools included rectal examination, routine blood analyses, abdominocentesis, ultrasonographic examination, rectal biopsy, and exploratory laparotomy. Alimentary lymphoma was the most common intestinal neoplasia identified, followed by adenocarcinoma and smooth muscle tumors. The small intestine was the most common segment of intestine affected for all neoplasms. Intestinal neoplasia was diagnosed antemortem in 13 of 34 (38%) horses. The median time from onset of clinical signs to death or euthanasia was 1.9 months. The discharge rate was 15%. Although the longest survival was observed in horses with jejunal adenocarcinoma, all horses were eventually euthanized because of intestinal neoplasia.Conclusions: Arabian horses were 4.5 times more likely to have intestinal neoplasia diagnosed than were other breeds.
Serum Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Healthy or Ill Neonatal Foals and Healthy Adult Horses
Authors: Barton Michelle Henry , Hurley David , Norton Natalie , Heusner Gary , Costa Lais , Jones Samuel , Byars Doug , Watanabe Kiyotaka 
Published: March 2010

Background:Lactoferrin is a colostral glycoprotein with antimicrobial properties.Hypotheses: (1) Serum lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations are correlated and increase in healthy foals after ingestion of colostrum; (2) compared to healthy foals, ill foals will have lower lactoferrin concentrations that correlate with their IgG concentration, neutrophil count, the diagnosis of sepsis, and survival; and (3) plasma concentrations of lactoferrin will be less than serum concentrations.Animals:Healthy foals (n = 16), mature horses (n = 10), and ill foals 1–4 days old (n = 111) that were examined for suspected sepsis were used for blood collection. Colostrum was obtained from 10 healthy mares unrelated to the foals.Methods:Blood was obtained from the healthy foals at birth and 1–3 days of age and from the ill foals at admission. Serum IgG was quantified by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Lactoferrin concentrations in colostrum and blood were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay. The sepsis score, blood culture results, neutrophil counts, and survival were obtained on ill foals.Results:The mean colostral lactoferrin concentration was 21.7 μg/mL. Compared to values at birth, serum IgG (18 ± 2 versus 2,921 ± 245 mg/dL, SEM) and lactoferrin (249 ± 39 versus 445 ± 63 ng/mL, SEM) concentrations were significantly greater in healthy foals 1–3 days old. Serum lactoferrin concentration in 1–3‐day‐old healthy foals was not different from mature horses or ill foals. IgG and lactoferrin concentrations were significantly correlated only in healthy foals. Serum lactoferrin concentrations were significantly lower in ill neutropenic foals. The serum IgG concentration was significantly lower in ill foals as compared to healthy foals. Only serum IgG was significantly less in ill foals with a positive sepsis score and in nonsurvivors. Plasma lactoferrin concentrations were lower than serum concentrations, although values were significantly correlated.Clinical Importance: Although both serum IgG and lactoferrin concentrations increase in healthy foals after ingestion of colostrum, only serum IgG is significantly correlated with the sepsis score and outcome.
Liver Disease in Dogs with Tracheal Collapse
Authors: Bauer Natali B. , Schneider Matthias A. , Neiger Reto , Moritz Andreas 
Published: March 2010

Background: Hepatopathy in dogs with chronic respiratory diseases is poorly recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver parameters alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as basal and stimulated bile acid concentration, in dogs with tracheal collapse.Hypothesis: Dogs with tracheal collapse have hepatopathy.Animals: 26 dogs with tracheal collapse.Materials and Methods: Gall bladder contraction was stimulated by intramuscular injection of a synthetic cholecystokinin analogue (ceruletide). Twelve healthy Beagle dogs and 30 dogs of various breeds investigated previously without evidence of hepatic, gastrointestinal, or respiratory diseases served as control. Amelioration of liver variables was assessed after stent implantation.Results: Twelve of 26 (46%) dogs had increased serum activity of 2 or more liver enzymes. Serum basal bile acid concentrations were high in 24 of 26 dogs. Twenty‐and 40‐minute stimulated bile acids were significantly higher in dogs with tracheal collapse (64.2 + 130.0/‐43.0 μmol/L and 82.6 + 164.0/‐57.1 μmol/L) compared to the control dogs (7.0 ± 3.6 μmol/L and 6.4 ± 3.5 μmol/L). All twelve dogs reevaluated after a median of 58 days (48–219 days) had a normal breathing pattern and significantly decreased 20 and 40 minutes stimulated bile acids (50.0 + 92.7/‐32.8 μmol/L, 52.8 + 97.67–34.3 μmol/L;P= .0043), whereas plasma liver enzyme activities were not significantly influenced.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: There was a significant hepatic dysfunction in the majority of dogs with a tracheal collapse. Liver function should be routinely assessed in dogs with severe respiratory disease.
Efficacy of Ronidazole for Treatment of FelineTritrichomonas foetusInfection
Authors: Gookin Jody L. , Copple Christina N. , Papich Mark G. , Poore Matthew F. , Stauffer Stephen H. , Birkenheuer Adam J. , Twedt David C. , Levy Michael G. 
Published: March 2010

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of ronidazole (RDZ), tinidazole (TDZ), and metronidazole (MDZ) againstTritrichomonas foetusin vitro and of RDZ for treatment of feline naturally occurring or experimentally inducedT foetusinfection.Animals: A cat naturally infected withT foetusinfection and diarrhea. Ten specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) kittens.Procedure: RDZ, TDZ, and MDZ were tested for activity against 3 different feline isolates ofT foetusin vitro. RDZ then was administered to a naturally infected cat at 10 mg/kg PO q24h for 10 days. SPF kittens were infected orogastrically with felineT foetusand treated with either placebo or RDZ (10 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days). Cats with relapsing infection or those receiving placebo were treated subsequently with RDZ (either 30 or 50 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days). Feces were examined forT foetusby direct microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing weekly.Results: Both RDZ and TDZ killedT foetusat concentrations >0.1 μg/mL in vitro. In the naturally infected cat, RDZ abolished diarrhea andT foetusinfection for 85 days after treatment, at which time infection and diarrhea relapsed. Retreatment with RDZ eradicated diarrhea andT foetusinfection for over 407 days. In experimentally induced infection, RDZ at 10 mg/kg caused initial improvement, but infection relapsed in all 5 cats 2 to 20 weeks after treatment. At 30 or 50 mg/kg, 10/10 cats were negative forT foetusinfection for follow‐up durations of 21 to 30 weeks after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Oral administration of RDZ at 30 to 50 mg/kg q12h for 14 days resolved diarrhea and eradicated infection (on the basis of polymerase chain reaction [PCR] testing) in 1 naturally infected cat and 10 experimentally inoculated cats receiving a different isolate ofT foetus.
Effects of Fenoldopam Mesylate on Systemic Hemodynamics and Indices of Renal Function in Normotensive Neonatal Foals
Authors: Hollis Anna R. , Ouseyxya Jennifer C. , Palmer Lorraine , Stoneham Sarah J. , Corley Kevin T.T. 
Published: March 2010

Background: Fenoldopam mesylate, a dopamine‐1 receptor agonist, has dose‐ and species‐dependent effects on hemodynamics and renal function. The effects of this drug in normotensive neonatal foals have not been reported.Hypothesis: Two doses of fenoldopam would result in distinct changes in the systemic circulation, urine output, and creatinine clearance of neonatal foals.Animals: Six Thoroughbred foals.Methods: Each foal received 2 dosages of fenoldopam (low dose, 0.04 μg/kg/min; high dose, 0.4 μg/kg/min) and a control administration of saline, in a masked, placebo‐controlled study.Results: High‐dosage fenoldopam had no effect on renal function but caused a significant increase in heart rate and decrease in mean, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure compared with saline. Low‐dosage fenoldopam had no effects on systemic hemodynamics, significantly increased urine output, and had no significant effect on creatinine clearance or the fractional excretions of sodium, potassium, or chloride compared with saline.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These data suggest that high‐dosage fenoldopam increases heart rate, decreases arterial blood pressure, and has no significant effects on renal function, whereas low‐dosage fenoldopam has no significant effects on systemic hemodynamics while increasing urine output. This contrast is unique to this species and warrants further investigation.
Triple Antimicrobial Therapy and Acid Suppression in Dogs with Chronic Vomiting and GastricHelicobacterspp
Authors: Leib Michael S. , Duncan Robert B. , Ward Daniel L. 
Published: March 2010

Background:Helicobacter pyloriis a common cause of gastritis and peptic ulcers in humans. Many dogs, including those with gastritis and chronic vomiting, are infected withHelicobacterspp.Hypothesis: Triple antimicrobial therapy will eradicateHelicobacterinfection, improve gastritis, and reduce clinical signs. The addition of acid suppression medication will not improve results.Animals: Twenty‐four pet dogs with chronic vomiting and gastricHelicobacterspp.Methods: Dogs were randomly assigned to triple antimicrobial therapy with or without famotidine. Gastroduodenoscopy was performed 4 weeks and 6 months after therapy.Helicobacterspp status was determined by histologic assessment of gastric mucosal biopsy specimens.Results: Eradication rates for each treatment were not significantly different and combined were 75 and 42.9% at 4 weeks and 6 months, respectively. A greater improvement in gastritis scores occurred in dogs that becameHelicobacterspp negative. Overall, the frequency of vomiting was reduced by 86.4%, but there were no differences between treatments.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Eradication rates ofHelicobacterspp with both treatments were not significantly different. Eradication rates at 6 months were modest, and more effective treatments should be developed. Acid suppression is not a necessary component of treatment protocols for dogs. Eradication of gastricHelicobacterspp was associated with improvement in gastritis scores. Dramatic reduction of the vomiting frequency occurred with both treatment protocols. GastricHelicobacterspp may cause or contribute to chronic vomiting and gastritis in some dogs.
Diabetes Mellitus in a Population of 180,000 Insured Dogs: Incidence, Survival, and Breed Distribution
Authors: Fall Tove , Hamlin Helene Hansson , Hedhammar Åke , Kämpe Olle , Egenvall Agneta 
Published: March 2010

Background: Canine diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy with an unclear etiology. For a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, there is a need for comprehensive epidemiologic studies. Earlier studies have shown that the risk of disease is higher in certain dog breeds.Hypothesis: Incidence, age of onset, survival and sex proportion of DM vary by breed.Animals: Data from a cohort of 182,087 insured dogs aged 5–12 years accounting for 652,898 dog‐years at risk were studied retrospectively.Methods: Incidence rates by sex, breed, and geography were calculated with exact denominators. Age‐specific incidence and survival after 1st DM claim were computed with Cox's regression and Kaplan‐Meier survival function. Multivariable survival analysis was performed for the outcome diagnosis of DM with age, sex, and geography tested as fixed effects, previous endocrine or pancreatic diseases tested as time‐dependent covariates, and breed tested as a random effect.Results: The mean age at 1st insurance claim for the 860 DM dogs (72% females) was 8.6 years. The incidence of DM was 13 cases per 10,000 dog‐years at risk. Australian Terriers, Samoyeds, Swedish Elkhounds, and Swedish Lapphunds were found to have the highest incidence. The proportion of females with DM varied significantly among breeds. Swedish Elkhounds, Beagles, Norwegian Elkhounds, and Border Collies that developed DM were almost exclusively females. The multivariable model showed that breed, previous hyperadrenocorticism, and female sex were risk factors for developing DM. Median survival time was 57 days after 1 st claim. Excluding the 223 dogs that died within 1 day, the median survival time was 2 years after 1st claim of DM.Conclusion: The significant breed‐specific sex and age differences shown in this study indicate that genetic variation could make breeds more or less susceptible to different types of DM.