bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I/O scheduling and performance analysis on multi‐core platforms
Authors: Liu Zhaobin , Qu Wenyu , Li Haitao , Ruan Min , Zhou Wanlei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMulti‐core platforms are being widely used in many technology areas. These technology shifts not only provide a compute‐intensive service, but also require us to improve the I/O‐intensive service in performance. However, the existing I/O scheduling approaches lack either quantitative analysis or workload adaptability. These approaches become worse when the application scenarios have either diverse I/O tasks or heterogeneous multi‐cores. Based on the analysis of traditional software pipelining technology, we first propose a reverse interleaved pipelining scheduling strategy to decrease the total I/O execution time and balance the workloads of homogeneous processors in this paper. Theoretical analysis shows that this balancing strategy is fair. As for the heterogeneous processors' circumstance, a Self‐adaptive scheduling method is presented for selecting one of the most‐appropriate multi‐core services for the expected I/O tasks. Simulation studies show that the performance of this scheduling strategy self‐adapts to application and multi‐core diversity well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of red fluorescent protein transgenic dogs
Authors: Hong So Gun , Kim Min Kyu , Jang Goo , Oh Hyun Ju , Park Jung Eun , Kang Jung Taek , Koo Ok Jae , Kim Teoan , Kwon Mo Sun , Koo Bon Chul , Ra Jeong Chan , Kim Dae Yong , Ko CheMyong , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRed fluorescent protein expression in the paws of the first transgenic dogs generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer. See the paper by Hong et al. in this issue.
Improved Synthesis and Isolation of 2′‐O‐Methyladenosine: Effective and Scalable Enzymatic Separation of 2′/3′‐O‐Methyladenosine Regioisomers
Authors: Martínez‐Montero Saúl , Fernández Susana , Rodríguez‐Pérez Tatiana , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Wen Ke , Gotor Vicente , Ferrero Miguel 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn efficient separation of a mixture of 2′/3′‐O‐methyladenosine regioisomers (1 + 2; 1:1) has been developed by selective enzymatic acylation using immobilized Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PSL‐C) in combination with acetonoxime levulinate as acyl donor. The 3′‐hydroxy group of 2′‐O‐methyladenosine (1) was acylated with high selectivity (ca. 70 %), whereas an equal amount of 3′‐O‐methyladenosine (2) in the same solution resulted in minor acylation of 5′‐hydroxy group (ca. 8 %). The differential behavior of both regioisomers towards enzymatic acylation allowed to develop a separation protocol. Upon extraction of the acylated products, the 3′‐O‐methyladenosine was isolated in 81 % yield and 97 % purity from the aqueous layer. Hydrolysis of acylated products in organic layer furnished 2′‐O‐methyladenosine in 67 % yield and 99 % purity. The separation process was successfully applied to the crude reaction mixture of methylated products (ca. 3:1 of 1/2) on 5‐g scale. We also report on the use of methyl p‐toluenesulfonate as a safe reagent for 2′‐O‐methylation of adenosine.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microglia and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor/uPA system in innate brain inflammation
Authors: Cunningham Orla , Campion Suzanne , Perry V. Hugh , Murray Carol , Sidenius Nicolai , Docagne Fabian , Cunningham Colm 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) is a GPI‐linked cell surface protein that facilitates focused plasmin proteolytic activity at the cell surface. uPAR has been detected in macrophages infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS) and soluble uPAR has been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid during a number of CNS pathologies. However, its expression by resident microglial cells in vivo remains uncertain. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the murine CNS expression of uPAR and uPA as well as that of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1) during insults generating distinct and well‐characterized inflammatory responses; acute intracerebral lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acute kainate‐induced neurodegeneration, and chronic neurodegeneration induced by prion disease inoculation. All three insults induced marked expression of uPAR at both mRNA and protein level compared to controls (naïve, saline, or control inoculum‐injected). uPAR expression was microglial in all cases. Conversely, uPA transcription and activity was only markedly increased during chronic neurodegeneration. Dissociation of uPA and uPAR levels in acute challenges is suggestive of additional proteolysis‐independent roles for uPAR. PAI‐1 was most highly expressed upon LPS challenge, whereas tissue plasminogen activator mRNA was constitutively present and less responsive to all insults studied. These data are novel and suggest much wider involvement of the uPAR/uPA system in CNS function and pathology than previously supposed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early ultrastructural defects of axons and axon–glia junctions in mice lacking expression of Cnp1
Authors: Edgar Julia M. , McLaughlin Mark , Werner Hauke B. , McCulloch Mailis C. , Barrie Jennifer A. , Brown Angus , Faichney Andrew Blyth , Snaidero Nicolas , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Griffiths Ian R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMost axons in the central nervous system (CNS) are surrounded by a multilayered myelin sheath that promotes fast, saltatory conduction of electrical impulses. By insulating the axon, myelin also shields the axoplasm from the extracellular milieu. In the CNS, oligodendrocytes provide support for the long‐term maintenance of myelinated axons, independent of the myelin sheath. Here, we use electron microscopy and morphometric analyses to examine the evolution of axonal and oligodendroglial changes in mice deficient in 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP) and in mice deficient in both CNP and proteolipid protein (PLP/DM20). We show that CNP is necessary for the formation of a normal inner tongue process of oligodendrocytes that myelinate small diameter axons. We also show that axonal degeneration in Cnp1 null mice is present very early in postnatal life. Importantly, compact myelin formed by transplanted Cnp1 null oligodendrocytes induces the same degenerative changes in shiverer axons that normally are dysmyelinated but structurally intact. Mice deficient in both CNP and PLP develop a more severe axonal phenotype than either single mutant, indicating that the two oligodendroglial proteins serve distinct functions in supporting the myelinated axon. These observations support a model in which the trophic functions of oligodendrocytes serve to offset the physical shielding of axons by myelin membranes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
External labor market strategy and career success: CEO careers in Europe and the United States
Authors: Hamori Monika , Kakarika Maria 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the career histories of the chief executive officers (CEOs) affiliated with the 500 largest organizations in Europe and the 500 largest in the United States. Our purpose is to determine whether frequent career moves across employers, a phenomenon we label an “external labor market strategy,” brings greater career rewards than moves inside the same organization. The results reveal that an external labor market strategy is negatively related to career success. On both continents, CEOs who have spent a smaller fraction of their career in their current organization or have changed employers more often have taken a longer time from the start of their career to be promoted to the most influential corporate positions. The labor market institutions in the 22 countries sampled do not influence the relationship between an external labor market strategy and career success, while the specific geographic region in which the employers are located has a limited impact on this relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluid flow and heat transfer of mixed convection adjacent to vertical heated plates placed in uniform horizontal flow of air
Authors: Mitsuishi Akihiko , Sakai Akira , Kitamura Kenzo , Misumi Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExperiments have been carried out for mixed convective flows of air adjacent to the vertical heated plates in uniform horizontal forced flows to investigate relationships between the flow and the heat transfer. The experiments cover the ranges of the Reynolds and modified Rayleigh numbers: ReL = 160 to 2300 and RaL* = 4.3 × 105 to 2.0 × 108. The flow fields over the plates are visualized with particles and smoke. The results show that a stagnation point moves downward away from the center of the plate when the surface heat flux is beyond a critical value. The condition where the stagnation point begins to move is expressed with non‐dimensional parameters as: GrL*/ReL2.5 = 0.15. Profiles of measured local heat transfer coefficients are smooth even at the stagnation points in all the cases examined. When buoyancy effect is sufficiently weak, the coefficients agree well with those of the wedge flow. With increasing the surface heat flux, the coefficients are augmented to approach asymptotically the boundary layer solution of natural convection along a vertical heated plate. Finally, forced, mixed, and natural convection regimes are classified by the non‐dimensional parameter (GrL*/ReL2.5). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20256
Study on high performance evaporator with micro‐grooves (Measurement of capillary force in a single groove and modeling of heat and mass transfer)
Authors: Shirakashi Ryo , Hagiya Isao , Nishio Shigefumi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA micro‐grooved evaporator is composed of µm‐wide grooves on a heat transfer plate in which the inter‐line regions at the liquid–vapor meniscus of coolant become identifiable. The high‐heat performance of the evaporator is realized by this inter‐line region (ILR) where the liquid thin film reduces the thermal resistance on the heat transfer surface. In this report, we propose a numerical simulation model of heat and mass transfer in a single groove to predict its capillary force and heat flux. The capillary force performance (capillary‐rise length in a groove) of a single groove was measured for samples of varying width, superheat, and inclination. The performance was found to be a maximum at a specific groove width of 200–400 µm, which is in good agreement with the predicted results calculated by the proposed model. For a better prediction of capillary‐rise length, the effective capillary force and the effective flow resistance were considered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20257
Protein–protein docking dealing with the unknown
Authors: Moreira Irina S. , Fernandes Pedro A. , Ramos Maria J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractProtein–protein binding is one of the critical events in biology, and knowledge of proteic complexes three‐dimensional structures is of fundamental importance for the biochemical study of pharmacologic compounds. In the past two decades there was an emergence of a large variety of algorithms designed to predict the structures of protein–protein complexes—a procedure named docking. Computational methods, if accurate and reliable, could play an important role, both to infer functional properties and to guide new experiments. Despite the outstanding progress of the methodologies developed in this area, a few problems still prevent protein–protein docking to be a widespread practice in the structural study of proteins. In this review we focus our attention on the principles that govern docking, namely the algorithms used for searching and scoring, which are usually referred as the docking problem. We also focus our attention on the use of a flexible description of the proteins under study and the use of biological information as the localization of the hot spots, the important residues for protein–protein binding. The most common docking softwares are described too. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
On‐the‐path random walk sampling for efficient optimization of minimum free‐energy path
Authors: Chen Mengen , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA sampling method is proposed for the efficient acquisition of minimum free‐energy path (MFEP). Here, the MFEP optimization is realized based on the sampling via single on‐the‐path random walk simulation. The present strategy naturally ensures the on‐the‐path structural continuity so that the MFEP optimization can be simplified and its efficiency can be improved as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
Use of the revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children
Authors: Kilmer Ryan P. , Gil‐Rivas Virginia , Tedeschi Richard G. , Cann Arnie , Calhoun Lawrence G. , Buchanan Teresa , Taku Kanako 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPosttraumatic growth (PTG; positive change resulting from the struggle with trauma) was examined among children impacted by Hurricane Katrina. The revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children (PTGI‐C‐R) assessed PTG at two time points, 12 (T1) and 22 months (T2) posthurricane. The PTGI‐C‐R demonstrated good reliability. Analyses focused on trauma‐related variables in predicting PTG. Child‐reported subjective responses to the hurricane and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) correlated with PTG at T1; however, in the regression, only PTSS significantly explained variance in PTG. At follow‐up, T1 PTG was the only significant predictor of PTG. Findings suggest that the PTGI‐C‐R may assist efforts to understand children's responses posttrauma.
Sufficient conditions for regularity and uniqueness of a 3D nematic liquid crystal model
Authors: Guillén–González F. , Rodríguez–Bellido M. A. , Rojas–Medar M. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn [3], L. Berselli showed that the regularity criterion ∇u ∈ (0, T; Lq (Ω)), for some q ∈ (3/2, + ∞], implies regularity for the weak solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, being u the velocity field. In this work, we prove that such hypothesis on the velocity gradient is also sufficient to obtain regularity for a nematic Liquid Crystal model (a coupled system of velocity u and orientation crystals vector d) when periodic boundary conditions for d are considered (without regularity hypothesis on d). For Neumann and Dirichlet cases, the same result holds only for q ∈ [2, 3], whereas for q ∈ (3/2, 2) ∪ (3, + ∞] additional regularity hypothesis for d (either on ∇ d or Δd) must be imposed.On the other hand, when the Serrin's criterion u ∈ (0, T; Lp (Ω)) with some p ∈ (3, + ∞] ([16]) for u is imposed, we can obtain regularity of the system only in the problem of periodic boundary conditions for d. When Neumann and Dirichlet cases for d are considered, additional regularity for d must be imposed for each p ∈ (3, + ∞] (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The haematopoietic specific signal transducer Vav1 is aberrantly expressed in lung cancer and plays a role in tumourigenesis
Authors: Lazer Galit , Idelchuk Yulia , Schapira Vered , Pikarsky Eli , Katzav Shulamit 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The spectrum of aberrations affecting signalling pathways in lung cancer pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Physiological expression of Vav1 is restricted to the haematopoietic system, where its best‐known function is as a GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/RacGTPases, an activity strictly controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of cell surface receptors. Here we find Vav1 expression in 42% of 78 lung cancer cell lines analysed. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of primary human lung cancer tissue samples revealed Vav1 expression in 26/59 malignant samples, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Stronger Vav1 staining was associated with larger tumour size. siRNA‐mediated knockdown of Vav1 in lung cancer cells reduced proliferation in agar and tumour growth in nude mice, while control siRNA had no effect, suggesting that Vav1 plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. Vav1 is tyrosine‐phosphorylated in lung cancer cells following activation by the growth factors EGF and TGFα, suggesting its participation in signalling events in these cells. Depletion of Vav1 reduced Rac‐GTP activation and decreased expression of TGFα, an autocrine growth factor. These data suggest that Vav1 plays a role in the neoplastic process in lung cancer, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer therapy. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of thyroid dysfunction and subsequent thyroid cancer among survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Friedman Debra L. , Stovall Marilyn , Yasui Yutaka , Whitton John A. , Robison Leslie L. , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the risk of thyroid dysfunction and subsequent thyroid cancer among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors.ProcedureRates of self‐reported thyroid dysfunction and thyroid cancer were determined among 3,579 ALL survivors participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of 5‐year survivors of pediatric cancers diagnosed from 1970 to 1986, and compared with 3,846 siblings and population rates, respectively.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism among survivors 15 years following leukemia diagnosis was 1.6% (95% CI 1.1, 2.1) and 0.6% (95% CI 0.3, 1.1), respectively, both significantly increased compared with siblings. In multivariate analysis, survivors who received ≥20 Gy cranial radiotherapy plus any spinal radiotherapy had the highest risk of subsequent hypothyroidism (HR 8.3, 95% CI 3.3, 20.5) compared with those treated with chemotherapy alone. Craniospinal radiotherapy also was associated with an increased risk of subsequent hyperthyroidism (HR 6.1, 95% CI 1.1, 34.2) compared with chemotherapy alone, as well as an increased risk of subsequent thyroid cancers (SIR 30.3, 95% CI 14.5, 55.7) compared with population rates. In radiation dosimetry analysis, pituitary doses ≥20 Gy combined with thyroid doses ≥10 Gy were associated with hypothyroidism, whereas pituitary doses ≥20 Gy combined with thyroid doses ≥15 Gy were associated with hyperthyroidism.ConclusionsThe risk of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid cancer was increased among childhood ALL survivors treated with craniospinal radiotherapy. In these individuals, long‐term surveillance is warranted as no obvious plateau in risk was seen, even after 25 years of follow‐up. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:432–437. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient neonatal acquired von Willebrand syndrome due to transplacental transfer of maternal monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Nageswara Rao Amulya A. , Rodriguez Vilmarie , Long Margaret E. , Winters Jeffrey L. , Nichols William L. , Pruthi Rajiv K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAlthough typically a disorder of adults, acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is increasingly being recognized in the pediatric population in association with congenital cardiac diseases, certain neoplasia, and hypothyroidism. Transplacental transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies as a cause of neonatal disorders in infants born to mothers with autoimmune conditions has been reported. We describe the diagnosis and peripartum clinical management of AVWS due to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and the first reported case of transient neonatal AVWS due to transplacental transfer of maternal IgG antibodies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:655–657. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reasons for non‐response in observational pharmacogenetic research
Authors: van Wieren‐de Wijer Diane B.M.A. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke‐Hilse , de Boer Anthonius , Kroon Abraham A. , de Leeuw Peter W. , Schiffers Paul , Janssen Rob G.J.H. , Psaty Bruce M. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Stricker Bruno H. Ch. , Klungel Olaf H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeIn epidemiological studies, non‐response may introduce bias and limit generalizability. In genetic pharmacoepidemiological research, collection of DNA might be a major reason for non‐response. We determined reasons for non‐response and compared characteristics of non‐responders and responders in a pharmacogenetic case‐control study.MethodsMyocardial infarction (MI) cases and controls, who were antihypertensive drug users, were recruited through community pharmacies that participate in the Pharmaco‐Morbidity‐Record‐Linkage‐System (PHARMO). The PHARMO database comprises drug dispensing histories of about 2 000 000 subjects from a representative sample of Dutch community pharmacies linked to the national registry of hospital discharges. Independent samples t‐test and ANOVA‐statistics were used to analyse the differences in continuous variables between responders and non‐responders. χ
2 statistics and logistic regression were used to compare categorical variables.ResultsWe approached 1871 cases and 14 102 controls of whom 794 MI cases (42.4%) and 4997 controls (35.4%) responded. We could not approach 2194 patients of whom 63.1% had died and 31.2% moved to another pharmacy. Main reasons for non‐response were health problems or hospital stays (16.2%, OR 1.47; 95%CI: 1.00–2.16). Other reasons were old age or dementia (16.9%, OR 1.82; 95%CI: 1.24–2.65). Only a small percentage (1.1%, OR 1.43; 95%CI: 0.41–5.03) mentioned DNA sampling as a reason. About 30% of the non‐responders did not give a reason. Women were statistically significantly (p < 0.0005) less willing to participate than men (38.8% versus 31.3%). An association with age was also found (mean age 64.6 versus 66.5 yrs) (p < 0.0005).ConclusionIn a pharmacogenetic case‐control study fear for genetic screening was not a major reported reason for non‐response. Females were less willing to participate than males. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aging of polyethylene pipes transporting drinking water disinfected by chlorine dioxide. I. Chemical aspects
Authors: Colin X. , Audouin L. , Verdu J. , Rozental‐Evesque M. , Rabaud B. , Martin F. , Bourgine F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAging of unfilled polyethylene (PE) films in concentrated (80–100 ppm) chlorine dioxide (DOC) solutions at 20°C and 40 has been studied by IR spectrophotometry, melt rheometry, chlorine titration, and tensile testing to establish the mechanisms of PE degradation induced by DOC, to determine some important kinetic parameters, to identify the embrittlement mechanism, and to examine the possibility to predict nonempirically embrittlement from a kinetic model. Experimental results reveal that DOC initiates PE oxidation. This latter is responsible for hydroperoxide build‐up, and chain scissions occur when hydroperoxides reach a critical concentration above which they decompose bimolecularly. The weight average molar mass Mw decreases and embrittlement occurs when Mw approaches a value of 70 kg mol−1 as previously found in thermooxidation studies. A mechanistic scheme involving all the elementary steps of PE autooxidation plus one initiation and one termination step involving DOC has been elaborated. The kinetic scheme derived from this mechanistic scheme has been solved numerically and the results of simulations have been compared with experimental results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers