bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamellar stack formation and degradative behaviors of hydrolytically degraded poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(glycolide‐ε‐caprolactone) blended fibers
Authors: Chung Amy S. , Hwang Ho Seong , Das Debobrato , Zuk Patricia , McAllister David R. , Wu Benjamin M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElectrospun fibrous mats have gained popularity in bioengineering over the past decade, but few papers detail their degradative mechanisms. To address this, blends of hydrophobic poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and hydrophilic PGA‐PCL‐PGA triblock copolymer were electrospun into aligned fibrous mats to assess the copolymers' mechanical and degradative properties. Increased hydrophilic triblock content led to enhanced morphological uniformity of fiber, tightening of fiber diameters, increased storage and Young's modulus, and decreased elongation. The corresponding decrease in hydrophobic PCL content led to faster hydrolytic degradation rate, as reflected by enhanced decrease in mass, molecular weight, and modulus loss at 25, 37, and 45°C. The activation energy for hydrolytic degradation for 15:85 PCL: triblock copolymer was approximately half that of 85:15 PCL: triblock copolymer. Detailed examination of fiber morphology and crystallinity revealed initial surface erosion followed by the evolution of crystalline lamellar stacks and bulk degradation at 37°C. Because of the high surface to volume and short diffusion length scale of the small diameter fibers, surface and bulk degradation may both contribute to the hydrolytic degradative behavior of these electrospun fibrous mats. Electrospun mats' distinct architecture that embodies high specific surface to volume and interfiber porous ultrastructures that lead to their unique degradative behaviors hold much potential for significant impact in the field of tissue engineering and controlled drug delivery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
New functionalities in the GROMOS biomolecular simulation software
Authors: Kunz Anna‐Pitschna E. , Allison Jane R. , Geerke Daan P. , Horta Bruno A. C. , Hünenberger Philippe H. , Riniker Sereina , Schmid Nathan , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince the most recent description of the functionalities of the GROMOS software for biomolecular simulation in 2005 many new functions have been implemented. In this article, the new functionalities that involve modified forces in a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation are described: the treatment of electronic polarizability, an implicit surface area and internal volume solvation term to calculate interatomic forces, functions for the GROMOS coarse‐grained supramolecular force field, a multiplicative switching function for nonbonded interactions, adiabatic decoupling of a number of degrees of freedom with temperature or force scaling to enhance sampling, and nonequilibrium MD to calculate the dielectric permittivity or viscosity. Examples that illustrate the use of these functionalities are given. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Aurelia aurita–Cnidarian with a prominent medusiod stage
Authors: Matveev Ivan V. , Adonin Leonid S. , Shaposhnikova Tatiana G. , Podgornaya Olga I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAurelia aurita has a complex life cycle that consists of several stages including alternating generations of medusa and polyps, huge sexual, and tiny asexual stages. Cnidarian is thought to possess two tissue layers: endoderm (gastroderm) and ectoderm, which are separated by mesoglea in medusa. The determination of the composition of the A. aurita jellyfish mesoglea was performed. New protein “mesoglein” was determined as one of the main components of mesoglea. Mesoglein is synthesized by mesogleal cells (Mc), which are populated A. aurita mesoglea as a high molecular mass precursor. Mc are involved in the formation of noncollagenous “elastic” fibers. Deduced amino acid sequence of mesoglein contains Zona Pellucida (ZP) domain and Delta/Serrate/Lag‐2 domain. According to reverse transcription PCR, mesoglein is expressed in the mature medusa exclusively in the Mc. The sperm binding to the ZP is particularly important for successful fertilization. Antibodies against mesoglein stain the plate in the place of contact of germinal epithelium and oocyte. The structure found was named the “contact plate.” The contact plate could be the precursor of the ZP. All our data suggest that Mc and, probably, the whole mesoglea originate from the epidermis (ectoderm). Computer search for mesoglein relatives reveals Nematostella and Trichoplax proteins as predicted ORFs, indicating that ZP proteins are quite ancient purchase in the evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:1–12, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fire and vegetation change during the Early Pleistocene in southeastern Australia
Authors: Sniderman J. M. Kale , Haberle Simon G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEarly Pleistocene vegetation in upland southeastern Australia included diverse rainforests and sclerophyll forests, which alternated on precessional timescales. The nature and timing of transitions between these biomes, and the role of fire in maintaining or driving transitions between them, are uncertain. Here we present a high‐resolution pollen record from Stony Creek Basin, a small Early Pleistocene palaeolake in southeastern Australia. The pollen record documents a pattern of vegetation change, over ca. 10 ka at ca. 1590–1600 ka, between sclerophyll forests, dominated by Eucalyptus, Callitris (Cupressaceae) or Casuarinaceae, and rainforests dominated by either angiosperms or conifers of the family Podocarpaceae. Transitions between these biomes typically occurred within ca. 1–2 ka. The associated charcoal record suggests that greatest biomass combustion occurred when local vegetation was dominated by Eucalyptus, and the least biomass combustion occurred when local vegetation was dominated by Podocarpaceae. However, local fires burnt in both sclerophyll and angiosperm‐dominated rainforest vegetation, at least once every several centuries. Fire was very rare (less than about one fire per millennium) only when the local vegetation was rainforest dominated by Podocarpaceae. This suggests that fire was an irregular presence in both sclerophyll‐ and angiosperm‐dominated rainforest biomes during the late Neogene, though was largely absent in Podocarpaceae‐dominated rainforests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychiatric adverse drug reactions reported during a 10‐year period in the Swedish pediatric population
Authors: Bygdell Maria , Brunlöf Gertrud , Wallerstedt Susanna M. , Kindblom Jenny M. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPurposePsychiatric Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are frequent in the pediatric population. The aim of the present study was to analyze spontaneously reported psychiatric ADRs in children during a 10‐year period.MethodsAll spontaneously reported Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) concerning children (<18 years old) and psychiatric adverse reactions assessed as at least possible, registered in the Swedish Drug Information System (SWEDIS) during the period 2001–2010, were extracted and characterized. Age and sex distribution and labeling/registration status were studied.ResultsA total of 600 ICSRs concerning 744 psychiatric adverse reactions were identified and included in the analysis. Boys were overrepresented among included ICSRs (60.3% vs. 39.7%; p < .001). After exclusion of vaccines, the three most frequently suspected drugs were montelukast, centrally working sympathomimetic drugs, and inhaled glucocorticoids. Serious adverse reactions were reported more frequently for drugs used off‐label than for drugs used according to the Swedish Physician's Desk Reference. Aggressiveness was reported more frequently for boys than for girls as were suicidal conditions.ConclusionsPsychiatric ADRs in the pediatric population have been reported for a wide range of reactions and drugs and display age and sex differences including a higher number of suicidal reactions in boys. An association was seen between serious reactions and off‐label drug use. Further studies are needed to elucidate safety aspects of unlicensed drugs and drugs used off‐label and whether there are differences in children's susceptibility to develop ADRs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and self‐assembly of diblock copolymers bearing 2‐nitrobenzyl photocleavable side groups
Authors: Schumers Jean‐Marc , Bertrand Olivier , Fustin Charles‐André , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe light‐responsive behavior in solution and in thin films of block copolymers bearing 2‐nitrobenzyl photocleavable esters as side groups is discussed in this article. The polymers were synthesized by grafting 2‐nitrobenzyl moieties onto poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene (PAA‐b‐PS) precursor polymers, leading to poly(2‐nitrobenzyl acrylate‐random‐acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene (P(NBA‐r‐AA)‐b‐PS) block copolymers. The UV irradiation of the block copolymers in a selective solvent for PS led to the formation of micelles that were used to trap hydrophilic molecules inside their core (light‐induced encapsulation). In addition, thin films consisting of light‐responsive P(NBA‐r‐AA) cylinders surrounded by a PS matrix were achieved by the self‐assembly of P(NBA‐r‐AA)‐b‐PS copolymers onto silicon substrates. Exposing these films to UV irradiation generates nanostructured materials containing carboxylic acids inside the cylindrical nanodomains. The availability of these chemical functions was demonstrated by reacting them with a functional fluorescent dye. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Resolution‐adapted recombination of structural features significantly improves sampling in restraint‐guided structure calculation
Authors: Lange Oliver F. , Baker David 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRecent work has shown that NMR structures can be determined by integrating sparse NMR data with structure prediction methods such as Rosetta. The experimental data serve to guide the search for the lowest energy state towards the deep minimum at the native state which is frequently missed in Rosetta de novo structure calculations. However, as the protein size increases, sampling again becomes limiting; for example, the standard Rosetta protocol involving Monte Carlo fragment insertion starting from an extended chain fails to converge for proteins over 150 amino acids even with guidance from chemical shifts (CS‐Rosetta) and other NMR data. The primary limitation of this protocol—that every folding trajectory is completely independent of every other—was recently overcome with the development of a new approach involving resolution‐adapted structural recombination (RASREC). Here we describe the RASREC approach in detail and compare it to standard CS‐Rosetta. We show that the improved sampling of RASREC is essential in obtaining accurate structures over a benchmark set of 11 proteins in the 15‐25 kDa size range using chemical shifts, backbone RDCs and HN‐HN NOE data; in a number of cases the improved sampling methodology makes a larger contribution than incorporation of additional experimental data. Experimental data are invaluable for guiding sampling to the vicinity of the global energy minimum, but for larger proteins, the standard Rosetta fold‐from‐extended‐chain protocol does not converge on the native minimum even with experimental data and the more powerful RASREC approach is necessary to converge to accurate solutions. Proteins 2011. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra‐sharp boron interfaces for delta doped diamond structures
Authors: Volpe P. N. , Tranchant N. , Arnault J. C. , Saada S. , Jomard F. , Bergonzo P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDelta doping of diamond constitutes a very promising route to fabricate novel generation of high power and high frequency electronic devices. However, the achievement of abrupt interfaces between highly boron doped and undoped layers requires the shortest residence times of reactive species in the substrate vicinity. We report here on an innovative gas injection system especially designed to reduce this residence time. This technique was applied to fabricate sharp rising and decaying boron interfaces. According to SIMS profiles, the sharpest profiles were obtained on decaying interfaces exhibiting doping gradients close to 1.5 nm per decade over five decades of boron concentrations, namely from 1016 to 1021 atoms/cm3. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of acid treatment on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of starches from different botanical sources
Authors: Palma‐Rodriguez Heidi M. , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Mendez‐Montealvo Guadalupe , Gonzalez‐Soto Rosalia A. , Vernon‐Carter E. Jaime , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStarch and starch derivatives (maltodextrins) are used as encapsulating materials. Starch for use as encapsulating material could be subjected to mild acid treatment. However, the granule size and organization of starch components (AM and AP) play an important role in the acid treatment. The aim of this research was to produce modified starch that might be used as encapsulate material, applying moderate acid‐treatment with 3 N sulphuric acid in a ratio 1:5 w/v for 3 h at 60°C, in starches from different granule size, evaluating their morphological, physicochemical, and structural features. Acid treatment has an effect in the AM content and the outcome was higher in starch with larger granule size. Bimodal granule size distribution was found in acid‐treated rice and maize starches. Erosion and exo‐corrosion were observed in acid‐treated starches with SEM. The XRD pattern did not change with the acid treatment, the native and acid‐treated samples showed similar crystallinity values, except rice starch. The branching degree was higher for modified potato starch, showing higher branching points, modified starches had shorter chains with increased A‐chains, and decreased B3+ chains, and the effect was higher in cereal starches; modified starches had a higher degree of retrogradation and they did not show pasting properties. The internal organization given by the granule size is an important parameter in the acid treatment of starches as it affected their physicochemical and structural features, and in the end, their functionality as encapsulate agent.
Angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors before and after resolution of maternal mirror syndrome
Authors: Llurba E. , Marsal G. , Sanchez O. , Dominguez C. , Alijotas‐Reig J. , Carreras E. , Cabero L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMirror syndrome is a rare condition that involves fetal hydrops, placentomegaly and severe maternal edema. The pathogenesis of this syndrome mimics endothelial dysfunction observed in pre‐eclampsia. We report a case of maternal mirror syndrome caused by bilateral fetal hydrothorax that resolved after intrauterine pleuroamniotic shunt placement. At the time of the clinical manifestation there was an antiangiogenic state similar to that seen in pre‐eclampsia, which resolved after fetal treatment. Our findings suggest that mirror syndrome is a manifestation of a broad spectrum of pathological conditions that induces an antiangiogenic state. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of various surfactants and solutions on the morphology of polyaniline composite and nanocomposite
Authors: Tanzifi Marjan , Eisazadeh Hossein 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPolyaniline composite and nanocomposite were generated in aqueous and aqueous/nonaqueous media by using ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidant in the presence of various surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, poly(vinyl alcohol), hydroxypropylcellulose, poly(ethylene glycol), and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The results indicated that the morphology and size of the particles were dependent on the type of surfactant and solution used. The size range of the particles and nanoparticles was about 75–160 nm. The molecular structure was studied by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,and the results showed that the intensities of the peaks were dependent on the nature of the surfactant. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using response surface methodology improves digestibility and ethanol production by SSF
Authors: da Cruz Sandra Helena , Dien Bruce S , Nichols Nancy N , Saha Badal C , Cotta Michael A 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse was characterized as a feedstock for the production of ethanol using hydrothermal pretreatment. Reaction temperature and time were varied between 160 and 200°C and 5–20 min, respectively, using a response surface experimental design. The liquid fraction was analyzed for soluble carbohydrates and furan aldehydes. The solid fraction was analyzed for structural carbohydrates and Klason lignin. Pretreatment conditions were evaluated based on enzymatic extraction of glucose and xylose and conversion to ethanol using a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation scheme. SSF experiments were conducted with the washed pretreated biomass. The severity of the pretreatment should be sufficient to drive enzymatic digestion and ethanol yields, however, sugars losses and especially sugar conversion into furans needs to be minimized. As expected, furfural production increased with pretreatment severity and specifically xylose release. However, provided that the severity was kept below a general severity factor of 4.0, production of furfural was below an inhibitory concentration and carbohydrate contents were preserved in the pretreated whole hydrolysate. There were significant interactions between time and temperature for all the responses except cellulose digestion. The models were highly predictive for cellulose digestibility (R2 = 0.8861) and for ethanol production (R2 = 0.9581), but less so for xylose extraction. Both cellulose digestion and ethanol production increased with severity, however, high levels of furfural generated under more severe pretreatment conditions favor lower severity pretreatments. The optimal pretreatment condition that gave the highest conversion yield of ethanol, while minimizing furfural production, was judged to be 190°C and 17.2 min. The whole hydrolysate was also converted to ethanol using SSF. To reduce the concentration of inhibitors, the liquid fraction was conditioned prior to fermentation by removing inhibitory chemicals using the fungus Coniochaeta ligniaria.
10 years outcome from childhood traumatic brain injury
Authors: Anderson Vicki , Godfrey Celia , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. , Catroppa Cathy 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChildhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common, acquired disability, which has significant implications for subsequent development, and for later quality of life. To date few studies have documented outcomes in these children into adolescence, when academic, social and personal demands increase. The objective of this study was to document functional outcomes at 10 years post‐injury, and to identify predictors of outcome including injury, socio‐demographic and pre‐injury characteristics. The study employed consecutive recruitment to a prospective, longitudinal study. Children with a diagnosis of TBI between 2 and 12 years were initially recruited and divided according to injury severity (mild, moderate, severe). The sample was reviewed at 10 years post‐injury and intellectual, adaptive, executive and social domains were investigated. Results indicated that, at 10 years post child TBI, survivors’ functional abilities fell overall within the low average to average range regardless of injury severity, suggesting no extreme impairments at a group level for any of the domains under investigation. Significant group differences were identified, though, for adaptive abilities and for speed of processing, with more severe injury associated with poorer performances in each instance. Further, a similar trend was identified for measures of intellectual ability and executive functions. Individual rates of impairment were considerably higher than population expectations across all severity groups for these domains. Although rates of social impairment were also elevated, they were less related to injury factors, suggesting that cognitive/adaptive outcomes and social consequences of TBI may have different bases.
The patrimonial value of water: How to approach water management while avoiding an exclusively market perspective
Authors: Calvo-Mendieta Iratxe , Petit Olivier , Vivien Franck-Dominique 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article proposes an economic alternative to the traditional approach to calculating non-market values of the environment and natural resources, which we refer to here as “patrimonial”. We will first examine the traditional economic approach and its tendency to apply market categories to the economic valuation of non-market goods and services associated with the environment and natural resources. We will then move on to examine the way in which the question is perceived within the context of patrimonial economics by focusing on another form of economic rationality, based on the notion of a shared legacy or patrimony. Lastly, we will illustrate the tension between market values and patrimonial values in the field of water management and untreated water distribution infrastructure by analysing the recent evolution of Associations syndicales autorisées (“Authorized Union Associations”, or ASAs) in France and their approaches to pricing.
LEARNING TO READ (AGAIN): THE SOCIAL EXPERIENCES OF TURKEY'S 1928 ALPHABET REFORM
Authors: Yılmaz Hale 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article reconsiders Turkey's 1928 alphabet reform by shifting the focus from the state to the social experiences of alphabet change. Rather than assuming an obedient and indifferent public silently following the decrees of an authoritarian and repressive regime, it explores the actual processes, institutions, and lived experiences of the alphabet reform by drawing on a variety of sources, including unpublished archival evidence and personal narratives collected through oral interviews. It draws attention to the multiplicity of experiences of learning to read and write (the new letters) as well as to the persistence of the Ottoman script; it also examines the variety of ways that state authorities dealt with this persistence. The analysis of this particular reformist measure has implications for understanding social change and the emergence of a nationalist culture in the early republican period as well as state–society relations and the nature of the Kemalist state.