bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorbable Plate as a Perpendicular Strut for Acute Saddle Nose Deformities
Authors: Kim Jong Gyu , Rhee Seung Chul , Cho Pil Dong , Kim Deok Jung , Lee Soo Hyang 
Published: March 2012

Background Nasal pyramid fractures accompanied by saddle nose deformities are not easily corrected by closed reduction. We used an absorbable plate as a perpendicular strut to support the collapsed "keystone area" and obtained good results.
Methods Between September 2008 and June 2011, 18 patients who had nasal pyramid fractures with saddle nose deformities underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative facial computed tomographic images and photographs were taken to estimate outcomes. The operative technique included the mucoperichondrial dissection of the nasal septum, insertion of an absorbable plate prepared to an appropriate length to support the "keystone area", and fixation of the absorbable plate strut to the cartilaginous septum.
Results Functional and esthetic outcomes were satisfactory in all patients. Eleven patients assessed the postoperative appearance of the external nose as 'markedly improved' and 7 patients as 'improved'. The 5 surgeons scored the results as a mean of 4.5 on a 5-point scale.
Conclusions The use of an absorbable plate as a perpendicular strut requires no additional procedures because the plate is gradually absorbed. The mechanical strength provided by a buttress between the "keystone area" and the maxillary crest lasts for a long time before the strut is absorbed.
Extracting Microscopic Device Parameters from Transient Photocurrent Measurements of P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells
Authors: MacKenzie Roderick C. I. , Shuttle Christopher G. , Chabinyc Michael L. , Nelson Jenny 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBy including trap‐limited recombination in a time‐domain drift‐diffusion model of a P3HT:PCBM solar cell, experimental transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements across the current–voltage (J–V) curve in both the light and the dark can be reproduced. Using the same set of model parameters, the steady‐state current–voltage curves and charge‐extraction data are also reproduced. The model is validated by predicting the recombination rate at open circuit and comparing results with the rate as measured by the transient photovoltage (TPV) measurement technique. It is demonstrated that the model, which incorporates transport, carrier trapping, carrier de‐trapping, and recombination, is able to reproduce device dynamics correctly. The fit of the model to the experimental results is improved by varying the shape of the electron and hole density of state (DoS) functions. By discretizing the DoS in energy space and allowing its shape to vary, the TPC transients can be closely fitted and the form of the tails of the electron and hole DoS extracted. It is found that the DoS of trapped carriers can be represented by a series of Gaussians offset in energy. This is tentatively attributed to electronic disorder introduced by molecular packing of the molecules.
Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mowry Ellen M. , Waubant Emmanuelle , McCulloch Charles E. , Okuda Darin T. , Evangelista Alan A. , Lincoln Robin R. , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Brenneman Don , Owen Mary C. , Qualley Pamela , Bucci Monica , Hauser Stephen L. , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective:We sought to determine whether vitamin D status is associated with developing new T2 lesions or contrast‐enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:EPIC is a 5‐year longitudinal MS cohort study at the University of California at San Francisco. Participants had clinical evaluations, brain MRI, and blood draws annually. From the overall cohort, we evaluated patients with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing–remitting MS at baseline. In univariate and multivariate (adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, and MS treatments) repeated measures analyses, annual 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were evaluated for their association with subsequent new T2‐weighted and gadolinium‐enhancing T1‐weighted lesions on brain MRI, clinical relapses, and disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]).Results:A total of 2,362 3T brain MRI scans were acquired from 469 subjects. In multivariate analyses, each 10ng/ml higher 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a 15% lower risk of a new T2 lesion (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.95; p = 0.004) and a 32% lower risk of a gadolinium‐enhancing lesion (IRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53–0.87; p = 0.002). Each 10ng/ml higher vitamin D level was associated with lower subsequent disability (−0.047; 95% CI, −0.091 to −0.003; p = 0.037). Higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower, but not statistically significant, relapse risk. Except for the EDSS model, all associations were stronger when the within‐person change in vitamin D level was the predictor.Interpretation:Vitamin D levels are inversely associated with MS activity on brain MRI. These results provide further support for a randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:234–240.
Development of the Juxta‐Oral Organ in Rat Embryo
Authors: Velasco J.R. Mérida , De La Cuadra Blanco C. , Velasco J.A. Mérida 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work is to clarify the development and morphology of the juxta‐oral organ (JOO) in rat embryos from Day (E)14 to 19. Furthermore, in the region of the JOO, an analysis was made of the expression of the monoclonal antibody HNK‐1, which recognizes cranial neural‐crest cells. In this study, we report that JOO develops from an epithelial condensation at the end of the transverse groove of the primitive mouth at E14. During E15, it invaginates and is disconnected from the oral epithelium. At E16, the JOO forms an solid epithelial cord with three parts (anterior, middle, and posterior) and is related to the masseter, temporal, medial pterygoid, and tensor veli palatini muscles. During E17‐19, no significant changes were detected in their position. Both the mesenchyme caudal to the anlage of the JOO at E14, as well as the mesenchyme that surrounds the bud of the JOO at E15, expressed positivity for HNK‐1. Our results suggest that the mesenchyme surrounding the JOO at E15 could emit some inductive signal for the JOO to reach its position at E16. This work shows for the first time that the cranial neural‐crest‐derived mesenchyme participates in the development of the JOO. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implications of protein structure instability: From physiological to pathological secondary structure
Authors: Sukhanova Alyona , Poly Simon , Shemetov Anton , Bronstein Igor , Nabiev Igor 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProteins are folded during their synthesis; this process may be spontaneous or assisted. Both phenomena are carefully regulated by the “housekeeping” mechanism and molecular chaperones to avoid the appearance of misfolded proteins. Unfolding process generally occurs during physiological degradation of protein, but in some specific cases it results from genetic or environmental changes and does not correspond to metabolic needs. The main outcome of these phenomena is the appearance of nonfunctional pathologically unfolded proteins with a strong tendency to aggregation. Moreover, for some of these unfolded proteins, the agglomeration that follows initial proteins association may give rise to highly structured soluble aggregates. These aggregates have been identified as the main cause of the so‐called amyloidosis or amyloid diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseases, and type II diabetes mellitus. Although some common mechanisms of amyloid protein aggregation have been identified, the roles of the environmental conditions inducing amyloidosis remain to be clarified. In this review, we will summarize recent studies identifying the origin of amyloid nucleation and will try to predict the therapeutic prospects that may be opened by elucidation of the amyloidosis mechanisms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 577–588, 2012.
Topographic anatomy of the masseter muscle focusing on the tendinous digitation
Authors: Lee Ju‐Young , Kim Jeong‐Nam , Yoo Ja‐Young , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin , Song Wu‐Chul , Koh Ki‐Seok 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe masseter muscle has superficial tendons that interdigitate like a saw (tendinous digitations), but a detailed description of these tendons is lacking in anatomic textbooks and atlases. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the topographic anatomy of the masseter muscle, focusing on its tendinous digitation. Sixty‐five adult faces (113 sides) were dissected. Five parameters, including the lengths, widths, and thickness of the muscle, were measured. The number and morphology of tendinous digitations were also investigated. The length and width of the masseter muscle were longer and wider in male specimens than in female specimens. The number of masseter muscle tendinous digitations was predominantly two in males and three in females. The length of the tendinous digitations tended to be about three‐quarters of that of the muscle. The second tendinous digitation was the longest in male specimens, while the first tendinous digitation was the longest in females. Based on our results, the external morphology of the masseter muscle does not match that described in anatomical atlases and textbooks. These findings may be helpful as a basic reference and in the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy and masseter tenomyositis. Clin. Anat. 25:889–892, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unilateral absence of latissimus dorsi muscle
Authors: Izadpanah Ali , Babaei Sepideh , Luc Mario , Zadeh Teanoosh 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLatissimus dorsi (LD) is the broadest muscle of the back responsible for extension and adduction of shoulder. The authors report a case of isolated unilateral absence of the latissimus dorsi muscle observed during an ablative surgical procedure and flap reconstruction. The left LD muscle was completely absent in our patient and no tendon fibers belonging to this muscle could be observable on further dissection. The surrounding muscle anatomy was normal and in place suggesting a developmental etiology for its absence. Awareness of this possible variation is of importance in considering reconstructive options. Clin. Anat. 25:966–968, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semiquantifying of fascicles of the C7 spinal nerve in the upper and lower subscapular nerves innervating the subscapularis and its clinical inference in Erb's palsy
Authors: Chen Le‐Zi , Chen Liang , Zhu Yue , Gu Yu‐Dong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTo elucidate anatomic basis of susceptibility for contracture of the subscapularis muscle in Erb's palsy of the brachial plexus, we semiquantitatively studied the spinal nerve origins of the subscapular nerves innervating the subscapularis, with special reference to the contribution of C7 innervation to the subscapularis. Thirty‐three sides of formalin‐fixed upper extremities were dissected to obtain the intact brachial plexus. After immersed in 10% acetic acid for 2 weeks, the upper and lower subscapular nerves innervating the whole subscapularis, were dissected retrogradely to verify their spinal nerve origins. The cross‐sectional area by C7 innervation and that by the upper trunk innervation was calculated respectively to obtain the constituent percentage of different components in the upper and lower subscapular nerves. In the upper subscapular nerve, fascicles of C7 accounted for 0% (interquartile range, 0–1.1%) of cross‐sectional area and those of the upper trunk, 100% (98.9–100%). In the lower subscapular nerve, fascicles of C7 accounted for 40.5% (23.5–47.5%) and those of the upper trunk, 59.5% (52.5–76.5%). In total, 18.6% (13.3–27.3%) of fascicles in the subscapular nerves innervating the subscapularis originated from C7, while 81.4% (72.7–86.7%) of those came from the upper trunk. It is confirmed that innervation of the subscapularis originates from more spinal cord segments than that of infraspinatus and teres minor, and this may be the main reason for which in Erb's palsy, functional recovery of the subscapularis is often faster than that of lateral rotators of the shoulder, resulting in medial rotation contracture of the shoulder. Clin. Anat., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute coronary syndrome due to early multiple and complete fractures in sirolimus‐eluting stent: A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Amico Francesco , Geraci Salvatore , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDespite drug eluting stents (DES), as compared to bare metal stents, have reduced in‐stent restenosis, complex and long lesions remains a challenge for interventional cardiologist. Their treatment is often associated with an unfavorable outcome, related to in‐stent restenosis, stent thrombosis, and target lesion revascularization. These complications may derive from the contact between metallic structures and coronary artery endothelium, and consequent overexpression of platelet activating factors, growth factors, and inflammatory cytokines. Recently, an additional mechanism has emerged as new cause of these complications: “stent fracture.” Several factors are involved in this phenomenon including material and stent platform, target vessel features, stent implantation technique, and implant duration. We reported a case of 69 years old man with rare early and complex DES fractures on right coronary that caused acute coronary syndrome 36 hr after a previous percutaneous coronary intervention.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monodisperse Mesocrystals of YF3 and Ce3+/Ln3+ (Ln=Tb, Eu) Co‐Activated YF3: Shape Control Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Biocompatibility
Authors: Zhong Sheng‐Liang , Lu Yang , Gao Min‐Rui , Liu Shu‐Juan , Peng Jun , Zhang Le‐Cheng , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA family of monodisperse YF3, YF3:Ce3+ and YF3:Ce3+/Ln3+ (Ln=Tb, Eu) mesocrystals with a morphology of a hollow spindle can be synthesized by a solvothermal process using yttrium nitrate and NH4F as precursors. The effects of reaction time, fluorine source, solvents, and reaction temperature on the synthesis of these mesocrystals have been studied in detail. The results demonstrate that the formation of a hollow spindle‐like YF3 can be ascribed to a nonclassical crystallization process by means of a particle‐based reaction route in ethanol. It has been shown that the fluorine sources selected have a remarkable effect on the morphologies and crystalline phases of the final products. Moreover, the luminescent properties of Ln3+‐doped and Ce3+/Ln3+‐co‐doped spindle‐like YF3 mesocrystals were also investigated. It turns out that Ce3+ is an efficient sensitizer for Ln3+ in the spindle‐like YF3 mesocrystals. Remarkable fluorescence enhancement was observed in Ce3+/Ln3+‐co‐doped YF3 mesocrystals. The mechanism of the energy transfer and electronic transition between Ce3+ and Ln3+ in the host material of YF3 mesocrystals was also explored. The cytotoxicity study revealed that these YF3‐based nanocrystals are biocompatible for applications, such as cellular imaging.
Towards a New Family of Photoluminescent Organozinc 8‐Hydroxyquinolinates with a High Propensity to Form Noncovalent Porous Materials
Authors: Sokołowski Kamil , Justyniak Iwona , Śliwiński Witold , Sołtys Katarzyna , Tulewicz Adam , Kornowicz Arkadiusz , Moszyński Robert , Lipkowski Janusz , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on investigations of reactions of tBu2Zn with 8‐hydroxyquinoline (q‐H) and the influence of water on the composition and structure of the final product. A new synthetic approach to photoluminescent zinc complexes with quinolinate ligands was developed that allowed the isolation of a series of structurally diverse and novel alkylzinc 8‐hydroxyquinolate complexes: the trinuclear alkylzinc aggregate [tBuZn(q)]3 (13), the pentanuclear oxo cluster [(tBu)3Zn5(μ4‐O)(q)5] (2), and the tetranuclear hydroxo cluster [Zn(q)2]2[tBuZn(OH)]2 (3). All compounds were characterized in solution by 1H NMR, IR, UV/Vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction, TGA, and PL studies. Density functional theory calculations were also carried out for these new ZnII complexes to rationalize their luminescence behavior. A detailed analysis of the supramolecular structures of 2 and 3 shows that the unique shape of the corresponding single molecules leads to the formation of extended 3D networks with 1D open channels. Varying the stoichiometry, shape, and supramolecular structure of the resulting complexes leads to changes in their spectroscopic properties. The close‐packed crystal structure of 13 shows a redshifted emission maximum in comparison to the porous crystal structure of 2 and the THF‐solvated structure of 3.
Activity‐Based Probes for the Study of Proteases: Recent Advances and Developments
Authors: Serim Sevnur , Haedke Ute , Verhelst Steven H. L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProteases are important targets for the treatment of human disease. Several protease inhibitors have failed in clinical trials due to a lack of in vivo specificity, indicating the need for studies of protease function and inhibition in complex, disease‐related models. The tight post‐translational regulation of protease activity complicates protease analysis by traditional proteomics methods. Activity‐based protein profiling is a powerful technique that can resolve this issue. It uses small‐molecule tools—activity‐based probes—to label and analyze active enzymes in lysates, cells, and whole animals. Over the last twelve years, a wide variety of protease activity‐based probes have been developed. These synthetic efforts have enabled techniques ranging from real‐time in vivo imaging of protease activity to high‐throughput screening of uncharacterized proteases. This Review introduces the general principles of activity‐based protein profiling and describes the recent advancements in probe design and analysis techniques, which have increased the knowledge of protease biology and will aid future protease drug discovery.
Radicals in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Strehmel Veronika 
Published: March 2012

AbstractStable radicals and recombination of photogenerated lophyl radicals are investigated in ionic liquids. The 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐yloxyl derivatives contain various substituents at the 4‐position to the nitroxyl group, including hydrogen‐bond‐forming or ionic substituents that undergo additional interactions with the individual ions of the ionic liquids. Some of these spin probes contain similar ions to ionic liquids to avoid counter‐ion exchange with the ionic liquid. Depending on the ionic liquid anion, the Stokes–Einstein theory or the Spernol–Gierer–Wirtz theory can be applied to describe the temperature dependence of the average rotational correlation time of the spin probe in the ionic liquids. Furthermore, the spin probes give information about the micropolarity of the ionic liquids. In this context the substituent at the 4‐position to the nitroxyl group plays a significant role. Covalent bonding of a spin probe to the imidazolium ion results in bulky spin probes that are strongly immobilized in the ionic liquid. Furthermore, lophyl radical recombination in the dark, which is chosen to understand the dynamics of bimolecular reactions in ionic liquids, shows a slow process at longer timescale and a rise time at a shorter timescale. Although various reactions may contribute to the slower process during lophyl radical recombination, it follows a second‐order kinetics that does not clearly show solvent viscosity dependence. However, the rise time, which may be attributed to radical pair formation, increases with increasing solvent viscosity.
Historical Perspectives on the Control of Breathing
Authors: Fitzgerald Robert S. , Cherniack Neil S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAmong the several topics included in respiratory studies investigators have focused on the control of breathing for a relatively few number of years, perhaps only the last 75 to 80. For a very long time, the phenomenon of respiration presented a great mystery. The Chinese had suggestions for proper breathing, and later the Egyptians sought to understand its purpose. But in the western world, the early Greeks made the more significant observations. Centuries passed before the anatomical structures pertinent to respiration were properly visualized and located. There followed efforts to understand if lung movement was necessary for life and what happened in the lung. The rise of chemistry in the 18th century eventually clarified the roles of the gases significant in respiratory behavior. More time was needed to understand what gases provoked increases in breathing and where those gases worked. At this point, control of breathing became a significant focus of respiratory investigators. Studies included identifying the structures and functions of central and peripheral chemoreceptors, and airway receptors, sources of respiratory rhythm and pattern generation, the impact of the organism's status on its breathing including environment and disease/trauma. At this same time, mid‐ to late‐20th century, efforts to mathematicize the variables in the control of breathing appeared. So though wonderment about the mysterious phenomenon of respiration began over two millennia ago, serious physiological investigation into its control is by comparison very young. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:915‐932, 2012.
Phenotypic Plasticity: Molecular Mechanisms and Adaptive Significance
Authors: Kelly Scott A. , Panhuis Tami M. , Stoehr Andrew M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity can be broadly defined as the ability of one genotype to produce more than one phenotype when exposed to different environments, as the modification of developmental events by the environment, or as the ability of an individual organism to alter its phenotype in response to changes in environmental conditions. Not surprisingly, the study of phenotypic plasticity is innately interdisciplinary and encompasses aspects of behavior, development, ecology, evolution, genetics, genomics, and multiple physiological systems at various levels of biological organization. From an ecological and evolutionary perspective, phenotypic plasticity may be a powerful means of adaptation and dramatic examples of phenotypic plasticity include predator avoidance, insect wing polymorphisms, the timing of metamorphosis in amphibians, osmoregulation in fishes, and alternative reproductive tactics in male vertebrates. From a human health perspective, documented examples of plasticity most commonly include the results of exercise, training, and/or dieting on human morphology and physiology. Regardless of the discipline, phenotypic plasticity has increasingly become the target of a plethora of investigations with the methodological approaches utilized ranging from the molecular to whole organsimal. In this article, we provide a brief historical outlook on phenotypic plasticity; examine its potential adaptive significance; emphasize recent molecular approaches that provide novel insight into underlying mechanisms, and highlight examples in fishes and insects. Finally, we highlight examples of phenotypic plasticity from a human health perspective and underscore the use of mouse models as a powerful tool in understanding the genetic architecture of phenotypic plasticity. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:1417‐1439, 2012.