bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and type of chronic pain care approaches used for elderly residents in Japan and the factors influencing these approaches
Authors: TAKAI Yukari , UCHIDA Yoko 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim:  To assess the frequency at which various chronic pain care (CPC) approaches were used while managing older residents of the Health Service Facilities for the Elderly Requiring Care (HSFERC) in Japan and to assess the factors related to nurses and care workers that influence this care.Methods:  A descriptive study design was used. The population comprised 31 nurses, 92 care workers, and 18 residents with chronic pain in eight HSFERC centers located in three provincial cities in Japan. A questionnaire was formulated by using the data collected by a literature review to assess the frequencies at which various CPC approaches were applied and the factors that might influence this care.Results:  The most frequently preferred CPC approaches were gentle handling and support while providing daily care, listening attentively, and providing a recreational activity. The factors that affected the provision of CPC were the qualifications, years of experience of aged care, and experience of studying about chronic pain. The nurses tended to have a misconception regarding the manner in which the residents complained of pain and their pain sensitivity. Furthermore, organizational strategies for pain management were not reported by the nurses and care workers.Conclusions:  In order to provide effective and active CPC, ongoing education about pain and cooperation between nurses and care workers to manage residents' pain are highly recommended.
Development of a Core Set from a Large Rice Collection using a Modified Heuristic Algorithm to Retain Maximum Diversity
Authors: Chung Hun‐Ki , Kim Kyu‐Won , Chung Jong‐Wook , Lee Jung‐Ro , Lee Sok‐Young , Dixit Anupam , Kang Hee‐Kyoung , Zhao Weiguo , McNally Kenneth L. , Hamilton Ruraidh S. , Gwag Jae‐Gyun , Park Yong‐Jin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract A new heuristic approach was undertaken for the establishment of a core set for the diversity research of rice. As a result, 107 entries were selected from the 10 368 characterized accessions. The core set derived using this new approach provided a good representation of the characterized accessions present in the entire collection. No significant differences for the mean, range, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of each trait were observed between the core and existing collections. We also compared the diversity of core sets established using this Heuristic Core Collection (HCC) approach with those of core sets established using the conventional clustering methods. This modified heuristic algorithm can also be used to select genotype data with allelic richness and reduced redundancy, and to facilitate management and use of large collections of plant genetic resources in a more efficient way.
Association Analysis of the Amino Acid Contents in Rice
Authors: Zhao Weiguo , Park Eun‐Jin , Chung Jong‐Wook , Park Yong‐Jin , Chung Ill‐Min , Ahn Joung‐Kuk , Kim Gwang‐Ho 
Published: November 2009

Abstract The main objective of the present study was to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with the amino acid content of rice (Oryza sativa L.). SSR markers were selected by prescreening for the relationship to amino acid content. Eighty‐four rice landrace accessions from Korea were evaluated for 16 kinds of amino acids in brown rice and genotyped with 25 SSR markers. Analysis of population structure revealed four subgroups in the population. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and distributions are of fundamental importance for genome‐wide mapping associations. The mean r2 value for all intrachromosomal loci pairs was 0.033. LD between linked markers decreased with distance. Marker–trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed‐model approach, considering both population structure (Q) and kinship (K). A total of 42 marker‐trait associations with amino acids (P < 0.05) were identified using 15 different SSR markers covering three chromosomes and explaining more than 40% of the total variation. These results suggest that association analysis in rice is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping and should help rice breeders develop strategies for improving rice quality.
Potato Responds to Salt Stress by Increased Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes
Authors: Aghaei Keyvan , Ehsanpour Ali Akber , Komatsu Setsuko 
Published: November 2009

Abstract To understand the response of potato to salt stress, antioxidant enzyme activities and ion content were analyzed for a sensitive and a tolerant cultivar. Nodal cuttings of the tolerant cultivar, Kennebec, and the sensitive cultivar, Concord, were exposed to media without or with 30, 60, 90 or 120 mmol/L NaCl for 4 weeks. On exposure to NaCl, the length and fresh and dry weight of both shoots and roots of Concord showed greater decrease than those of Kennebec. The decrease in shoot growth was more severe than that of the root for both cultivars. The K+ content of shoots and roots of both cultivars was reduced in a dose‐dependent manner by exposure to NaCl; the Na+ content increased. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase were increased in NaCl‐exposed shoots of Kennebec; the corresponding activities in NaCl‐exposed shoots of Concord were decreased. Roots of both cultivars showed similar changes in the activities of these enzymes on exposure to NaCl. These studies established that enzyme activities in Concord shoots are inversely related to the NaCl concentration, whereas those in Kennebec do not show a dose dependency, which is also the case for the roots of both cultivars. Our findings suggest that an increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase, can contribute to salt tolerance in Kennebec, a salt resistant cultivar of potato.
Identification of MicroRNAs in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja)
Authors: Chen Rui , Hu Zheng , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2009

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in post‐transcriptional gene silencing by directing target mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. Currently, hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in plants, but no report has been published of wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb). We constructed a small‐RNA library consisting of 2 880 sequences with high quality, in which 1 347 were 19–24 nt in length. By utilizing the miRNA, Rfam and domesticated soybean expressed sequence tag database, we have analyzed and predicted the secondary structure of these small RNAs. As a result, 15 conserved miRNA candidates belonging to eight different families and nine novel miRNA candidates comprising eight families were identified in wild soybean seedlings. All these miRNA candidates were validated by northern blot and the novel candidates expressed in a tissue‐specific manner. Furthermore, putative target genes were predicted for novel miRNA candidates and two of them were verified by 5′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends experiments. These results provided useful information for miRNA research in wild soybean and plants.
Biological Effect of Anaphylatoxin C5a on the Generation of Anti‐inflammatory Substances in Leukocyte Adsorption
Authors: Nishise Shoichi , Takeda Yuji , Nishise Yuko , Fujishima Shoichiro , Orii Tomohiko , Otake Sayaka , Sato Takeshi , Sasaki Yu , Takeda Hiroaki , Kawata Sumio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAnaphylatoxins, which are involved in both pro‐inflammatory processes and a variety of anti‐inflammatory effects, are produced during granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis. We noticed the anti‐inflammatory effects of C5a, the strongest anaphylatoxin, in granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of C5a on interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) generation in granulocyte and monocyte adsorption. Peripheral blood containing nafamostat mesilate as an endogenous complement activation inhibitor was divided into four groups: (1) no recombinant C5a added, no contact with cellulose acetate (CA) beads (control group); (2) no C5a added, contact with CA beads; (3) C5a added, no contact with CA beads; and (4) C5a added, contact with CA beads. After incubation, IL‐1ra and HGF in plasma were measured. IL‐1ra was significantly higher in group 3, in which only C5a was added in the absence of CA beads, compared to groups 2 (P < 0.01) and 4 (P < 0.05). HGF was significantly higher only in group 4, in which C5a was added in the presence of CA beads (P < 0.05), but did not increase in the absence of CA beads. C5a can directly induce IL‐1ra generation without the granulocyte and monocyte adsorption stimuli to CA beads, but can synergistically induce HGF generation with the adsorption stimuli, indicating C5a has different effects on IL‐1ra and HGF generation.
Intermittent Plasmapheresis Prevents Recurrence in Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Miyamoto Katsuichi , Kusunoki Susumu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a relapsing inflammatory condition characterized by selective involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord. Humoral immune mechanisms play a role in the pathogenesis of NMO. The therapeutic efficacy of plasmapheresis (PP) has been reported in the cases that were poorly controlled with other treatments. Herein, we report four patients with NMO who underwent PP following intensive intravenous corticosteroid therapy. All patients showed definite functional improvement following one to five plasma exchanges. To prevent relapse, these patients were treated with oral prednisolone in combination with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide. Two of the four patients also underwent intermittent PP because treatment with oral agents was unsuccessful. In conclusion, when treatment with oral immunosuppressants is ineffective in reducing recurrences of NMO, an additional PP session should be attempted.
DETERMINATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN CRUDE PALM OIL, BLEACHED PALM OIL AND BLEACHED DEACIDIFIED PALM OIL BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: CHE MAN Y.B. , AYE W.W. , TAN C.P. , ABDULKARIM S.M. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT A rapid method for quantitative determination of free fatty acids from crude palm oil to bleached palm oil (BPO) and then distilled BPO and refluxed BPO by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy is described. A partial least square (PLS) model was calibrated to predict the FFA content of palm oil samples based on the spectral range of 1,729.89–1,694.48/cm. Multivariate calibration step was carried out by comparing the FFA values predicted by PLS model to the values obtained from the official American Oil Chemists' Society method. The resulting PLS calibrations were linear and the root mean standard error of cross‐validation was 0.063 with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9898. The results indicated that FTIR spectroscopy is an efficient, rapid and accurate method for determining the FFA content in palm oil.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONThe application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique was studied to confirm the free fatty acid (FFA) content in bleached deacidified palm oil obtained from solvent deacidification process. FTIR spectroscopy afforded accurate results within a short period of time in a simple manner. Thus, FTIR is considered as a rapid, simple and solvent‐free alternative analytical method for determination of FFA content in edible oils.
MODULATION OF FASTED AND POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA LIPIDS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS BY A DIETARY MIXTURE OF OMEGA‐3 FATTY ACIDS AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID
Authors: TSOFLIOU FOTINI , FYFE CLAIRE L. , MATHESON IAN , JACKSON DIANE M. , HORGAN GRAHAM W. , WAHLE KLAUS W.J. , AHREN BO , WILLIAMS LYNDA M. , SNEDDON ALAN A. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Effects of a dietary combination of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3‐PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids was investigated in healthy volunteers with different ages and body mass index (BMI). Lean (BMI 20–26 kg/m2) and obese (BMI 29–35 kg/m2), young (20–37 years) and older (50–65 years) men consumed 3 g/day each of CLA and n‐3‐PUFA or 6 g/day control oil for 12 weeks in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized crossover study. In older lean subjects, CLA/n‐3‐PUFA supplementation reduced fasting nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentrations compared with the control oil (P < 0.05). However, in older obese subjects, CLA/n‐3‐PUFA increased fasting low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05) and postprandial total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). In young lean subjects, CLA/n‐3‐PUFA reduced postprandial NEFA levels (P < 0.05) whereas in young obese subjects, postprandial total cholesterol and triacylglycerols were lowered (both P < 0.05). Therefore, a dietary combination of CLA together with n‐3‐PUFA may have favorable effects on plasma lipids in young and older lean men but detrimental effects in older obese men.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study suggests that where individuals consume a combination of both omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid supplements in order to obtain potential additive beneficial effects of each lipid on adiposity and health, this particular fatty acid combination may have harmful effects on plasma lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in older obese men.
OPTIMIZED SUPERHEATED HEXANE EXTRACTION OF GRAPESEED OIL
Authors: EIKANI MOHAMMAD H. , GOLMOHAMMAD FERESHTEH 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Superheated hexane extraction (SHHE), Soxhlet extraction and cold pressing technique were compared for the extraction of oil from grapeseed in terms of their efficiency and fatty acids profile. The SHHE efficiencies, affected by four factors and three levels including temperature (80, 100 and 120C), mean particle size (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mm), solvent flow rate (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL/min) and extraction pressure (10, 20 and 30 bar), were optimized using Taguchi design approach. The optimum conditions as obtained from signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis were 100C temperature, 0.25 mm mean particle size, 1.0 mL/min flow rate and 30 bar pressure. The SHHE showed a higher extraction efficiency (23.13 w%) than Soxhlet extraction (13.40 w%) and cold pressing (5.29 w%) and resulted in a much shorter extraction time. The obtained fatty acid profiles using the three extraction methods were nearly the same. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSuperheated solvents such as water have been utilized in several applications such as analytical procedures, soil remediation, extraction of flavors, fragrances and antioxidants from natural resources, hydrolysis of carbohydrates, and have been used as a reaction medium, among others. In addition, superheated hexane may be used for extraction of edible oils from oil bearing materials such as grape and pomegranate seeds. Thus, it may provide an alternative and a more efficient solvent extraction process in food and beverage production.
DEGRADATION OF TOCOPHEROLS DURING NEAR‐AMBIENT RAPESEED DRYING
Authors: GAWRYSIAK‐WITULSKA MARZENA , SIGER ALEKSANDER , NOGALA‐KALUCKA MALGORZATA 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT Increased interest manifested by consumers in products rich in biologically active components makes it necessary to minimize their loss during drying and storage of raw materials for food production. In this study, the effect of drying conditions and further storage of rapeseed on changes in contents of tocopherols (T) and plastochromanol‐8 (PC‐8) was examined. Seeds of rape cv. Californium, Elektra and Livius, dried after harvest using the near‐ambient drying method in a bed of 2‐m thickness and air heated to a temperature of 60, 80 and 100C, were used. Contents of T and PC‐8 were determined immediately after drying and after 6 and 12 months of storage at 10 ± 2C. Quality and quantity of antioxidants in seeds were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The near‐ambient seed drying method resulted in a decrease in T content by 6–11%, while that for hot air drying was 4–8%. Seed storage reduced the level of T by a further 23–30%. Similar dependences were found for PC‐8. The analyzed results demonstrated the effect of varietal differences, drying conditions and storage time on the contents of T and PC‐8 in rapeseed. PRACTICAL APLICATIONSDrying of rapeseed is one of the most energy‐intensive stages of its production. At the same time, one needs to consider that these seeds, as biological material, are highly sensitive to thermal treatment. Thus, search for best drying conditions with special emphasis on the preservation of bioactive components that affect human health is necessary. The analyses carried out compared the range of loss of natural antioxidants, tocochromanols, during drying and further storage of rapeseed dried using an energy‐saving near‐ambient drying and dried using hot air.
BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS, VOLATILES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VIRGIN SEJE OILS (JESSENIA BATAUA) FROM THE AMAZONAS
Authors: NAVAS HERNÁNDEZ PETRA BEATRIZ , FREGAPANE GIUSEPPE , MOYA MARIA DESAMPARADOS SALVADOR 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT The aboriginal people of Amazon region cultivate the seje palm (Jessenia bataua) as a source of food and vegetable fiber. The oil, which is locally used mainly for medicinal purposes, is obtained from the palm fruits by artisanal procedures in which the fruit is heated in hot water and then the mass is pressed using a “sebucan.” The chemical characteristics of virgin seje oils obtained from eight Piaroa communities of the state of Amazonas, Venezuela, were evaluated, with particular emphasis on their minor constituents. The fatty acid profile indicated that oleic acid was the major component (>75%). The most abundant sterols were Δ5avenosterol andβ‐sitosterol, with relative contents of 35 and 38%, respectively. The most abundant aliphatic alcohols were those with 7, 8 and 10 carbon atoms. Among tocopherols, α‐tocopherol was predominant. Aldehydes such as heptanal, octanal and decanal were present in the volatile fraction along with terpenoid compounds.PRACTICAL APLICATIONSThe virgin seje oil is an important source of edible oil with high oleic acid content and low concentrations of saturated fatty acids, which is different from oils other than palm oils. It can be used as edible oil and also for soap making, in cosmetics and for medical treatment of pulmonary diseases such as bronchitis and tuberculosis. It is also an important source of a nonconventional vegetable oil with bioactive compounds of special interest from a nutritional point of view. In general, this oil has a great potential due to the increasing use of lower quality edible oils for the production of biodiesel.
Translating Tradition: The Poetics and Politics of Diasporic Media
Authors: Harindranath R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis essay argues that the recent academic interest in diaspora, the media and the research that it has engendered have provided unique insights into the media’s role in the creation and maintenance of an alternative public sphere. Despite this however, the difficulties in defining ‘diaspora’ as a concept, and the attempts, by both academics and diasporic cultural elites, to propose a degree of homogeneity within diaspora communities undermines the politics that is inherent in diasporic media representation and consumption. The essay makes a plea for conceptual clarity and the recognition of power within the diaspora communities, both of which are crucial for future research in the media and diasporas.
Rethinking Families Over the Life Course Development Perspective: Including the Lives of Same‐Sex Families
Authors: Easterbrook Adam 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper has three objectives. The first goal is to summarize the literature on same‐sex families relating to the major life transitions of relationship formation, marriage, parenting, relationship dissolution, and old age. For the most part, this literature remains scant, with many areas completely ignored. Second, reasons why there is relatively little known about the life course of same‐sex families will be examined. In particular, we argue that the life course’s focus on marriage as a marker for transitions, including whether or not transitions are on or off time, works to exclude same‐sex families since they are not legally able to marry in most countries. The third objective is to explore if, and how, the family life course development perspective can be adapted or modified so that it can account for the diversity of both same and opposite‐sex families.
Providing Interdisciplinary Services to At‐Risk Families to Prevent the Placement of Children In Foster Care
Authors: Weimer Deborah J. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTGrandparents need support to take on the responsibility of children whose parents cannot care for them due to drug addiction, mental health issues, HIV illness, or other health problems. Without support and assistance, these families and children are likely to end up enmeshed in the already overburdened child abuse and neglect system. The University of Maryland has created a model program providing social work and legal services to at‐risk grandparent families to help avoid the unnecessary placement of these children in foster care. In this new program, student attorneys and student social workers worked with the grandparent client to help stabilize the family, providing representation or advice on housing, public benefits, custody, and school‐related issues. Joint education of student attorneys and student social workers in a clinical experience enhances their understanding of their roles and those of the other profession and prepares them for a more thoughtful and informed approach to family law, child welfare cases, and at‐risk children.
Increased H-Reflex Response Induced by Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Ge Hong-You , Serrao Mariano , Andersen Ole K , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: November 2009

Background Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) present with mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. No electrophysiological evidence exists as to the excitability of muscle spindle afferents at myofascial trigger points MTrPs. The purpose of this current study was to explore whether an H-reflex response could be elicited from intramuscular electrical stimulation. If so, to assess the possibility of increased reflex response at MTrPs. Methods The H-reflex latency and the conduction velocity were first determined from electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve in 13 healthy subjects. Then an intramuscular monopolar needle electrode was inserted randomly into a latent MTrP or a non-MTrP in the gastrocnemius muscle. Electrical stimuli at different intensities were delivered via the intramuscular recording electrode to the MTrP or non-MTrP. Results The average conduction velocity (44.3 ± 1.5 m/s) of the electrical stimulation of tibial nerve was similar (p>0.05) with the conduction velocity (43.9 ± 1.4 m/s) of intramuscular electrical stimulation. The intramuscular H-reflex at MTrPs was higher in amplitude than non-MTrPs (p<0.001). The reflex threshold was lower for MTrPs than non-MTrPs (p<0.001). Conclusion The current study provides first electrophysiological evidence that intramuscular electrical stimulation can evoke H-reflex, and that higher H-reflex amplitude and lower H-reflex threshold exist at MTrPs than non-MTrPs respectively, suggesting that muscle spindle afferents may be involved in the pathophysiology of MTrPs.