bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional screening identifies a microRNA, miR‐491 that induces apoptosis by targeting Bcl‐XL in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Nakano Haruo , Miyazawa Tatsuya , Kinoshita Keita , Yamada Yoji , Yoshida Tetsuo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate expression of target mRNA. They are involved in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, and considered as new therapeutic targets for cancers. In our study, we performed a gain‐of‐function screen using 319 miRNAs to identify those affecting cell proliferation and death in human colorectal cancer cells (DLD‐1). We discovered a number of miRNAs that increased or decreased cell viability in DLD‐1. They included known oncogenic miRNAs such as miR‐372 and miR‐373, and tumor suppressive miRNAs such as miR‐124a, but also some for which this information was novel. Among them, miR‐491 markedly decreased cell viability by inducing apoptosis. We demonstrated that Bcl‐XL was a direct target of miR‐491, and its silencing contributed to miR‐491‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, treatment of miR‐491 suppressed in vivo tumor growth of DLD‐1 in nude mice. Our study provides a new regulation of Bcl‐XL by miR‐491 in colorectal cancer cells, and suggests a therapeutic potential of miRNAs for treating colorectal cancer by targeting Bcl‐XL.
Fluorescent imaging of high‐grade bladder cancer using a specific antagonist for chemokine receptor CXCR4
Authors: Nishizawa Koji , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Oishi Shinya , Tanahara Noriko , Kotani Hirokazu , Mikami Yoshiki , Toda Yoshinobu , Evans Barry J. , Peiper Stephen C. , Saito Ryoichi , Watanabe Jun , Fujii Nobutaka , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe previously reported that the expression of CXC chemokine receptor‐4 (CXCR4) was upregulated in invasive bladder cancers and that the small peptide T140 was a highly sensitive antagonist for CXCR4. In this study, we identified that CXCR4 expression was induced in high‐grade superficial bladder tumors, including carcinoma in situ and invasive bladder tumors. To visualize the bladder cancer cells using urinary sediments from the patients and chemically induced mouse bladder cancer model, a novel fluorescent CXCR4 antagonist TY14003 was developed, that is a T140 derivative. TY14003 could label bladder cancer cell lines expressing CXCR4, whereas negative‐control fluorescent peptides did not label them. When labeling urinary sediments from patients with invasive bladder cancer, positive‐stained cells were identified in all patients with bladder cancer and positive urine cytology but not in controls. Although white blood cells in urine were also labeled with TY14003, they could be easily discriminated from urothelial cells by their shape and size. Finally, intravesical instillation of TY14003 into mouse bladder, using N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN)‐induced bladder cancer model, demonstrated that fluorescent signals were detected in the focal areas of bladder of all mice examined at 12 weeks of BBN drinking by confocal microscopy and fluorescent endoscopy. On the contrary, all the normal bladders were found to be negative for TY14003 staining. In conclusion, these results indicate that TY14003 is a promising diagnostic tool to visualize small or flat high‐grade superficial bladder cancer.
Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes induced by a combination of cytokines and sodium butyrate
Authors: Zhou Mingming , Li Ping , Tan Li , Qu Su , Ying Qi‐Long , Song Houyan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere is increasing evidence to suggest that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are capable of differentiating into hepatocytes in vitro. In this study, we used a combination of cytokines and sodium butyrate in a novel three‐step procedure to efficiently direct the differentiation of mouse ESCs into hepatocytes. Mouse ESCs were first differentiated into definitive endoderm cells by 3 days of treatment with Activin A. The definitive endoderm cells were then differentiated into hepatocytes by the addition of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and sodium butyrate to the culture medium for 5 days. After 10 days of further in vitro maturation, the morphological and phenotypic markers of hepatocytes were characterized using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Furthermore, the cells were tested for functions associated with mature hepatocytes, including glycogen storage and indocyanine green uptake and release, and the ratio of hepatic differentiation was determined by counting the percentage of albumin‐positive cells. In the presence of medium containing cytokines and sodium butyrate, numerous epithelial cells resembling hepatocytes were observed, and ∼74% of the cells expressed the hepatic marker, albumin, after 18 days in culture. RT‐PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that these cells expressed adult liver cell markers, and had the abilities of glycogen storage and indocyanine green uptake and release. We have developed an efficient method for directing the differentiation of mouse ESCs into cells that exhibit the characteristics of mature hepatocytes. This technique will be useful for research into the molecular mechanisms underlying liver development, and could provide a source of hepatocytes for transplantation therapy and drug screening. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 606–614, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone morphogenic protein 2 directly enhances differentiation of murine osteoclast precursors
Authors: Jensen Eric D. , Pham Lan , Billington Charles J. , Espe Kelly , Carlson Ann E. , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Petryk Anna , Gopalakrishnan Rajaram , Mansky Kim 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPrevious studies found that bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) support osteoclast formation, but it is not clear whether this is a direct effect on osteoclasts or mediated indirectly through osteoblasts. We have shown that a mouse deficient for the BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation suggested a direct positive role for BMPs on osteoclastogenesis. In this report, we further determine the significance of BMP signaling on osteoclast formation in vitro. We find that BMP2 synergizes with suboptimal levels of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) to enhance in vitro differentiation of osteoclast‐like cells. The enhancement by BMP2 is not a result of changes in the rate of proliferation or survival of the bone marrow‐derived cultures, but is accompanied by an increase in expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and fusion. Treatment with BMP2 did not significantly alter expression of RANKL or OPG in our osteoclast cultures, suggesting that the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis is not mediated indirectly through osteoblasts or stromal cells. Consistent with this, we detected phosphorylated SMAD1,5,8 (p‐SMAD) in the nuclei of mononuclear and multinucleated cells in osteoclast cultures. Levels of p‐SMAD, BMP2, and BMP receptors increased during differentiation. RNAi suppression of Type II BMP receptor inhibited RANKL‐stimulated formation of multinuclear TRAP‐positive cells. The BMP antagonist noggin inhibited RANKL‐mediated osteoclast differentiation when added prior to day 3, while addition of noggin on day 3 or later failed to inhibit their differentiation. Taken together, these data indicate that osteoclasts express BMP2 and BMP receptors, and that autocrine BMP signaling directly promotes the differentiation of osteoclasts‐like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 672–682, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cadherin modulates endothelial barrier function
Authors: Andreeva Alexandra V. , Han Jingyan , Kutuzov Mikhail A. , Profirovic Jasmina , Tkachuk Vsevolod A. , Voyno‐Yasenetskaya Tatyana A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractT‐cadherin is an atypical member of the cadherin family, which lacks the transmembrane and intracellular domains and is attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Unlike canonical cadherins, it is believed to function primarily as a signaling molecule. T‐cadherin is highly expressed in endothelium. Using transendothelial electrical resistance measurements and siRNA‐mediated depletion of T‐cadherin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we examined its involvement in regulation of endothelial barrier. We found that in resting confluent monolayers adjusted either to 1% or 10% serum, T‐cadherin depletion modestly, but consistently reduced transendothelial resistance. This was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt and LIM kinase, reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, but no difference in tubulin acetylation and in phosphorylation of an actin filament severing protein cofilin and myosin light chain kinase. Serum stimulation elicited a biphasic increase in resistance with peaks at 0.5 and 4–5 h, which was suppressed by a PI3 kinase/Akt inhibitor wortmannin and a p38 inhibitor SB 239063. T‐cadherin depletion increased transendothelial resistance between the two peaks and reduced the amplitude of the second peak. T‐cadherin depletion abrogated serum‐induced Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and reduced phosphorylation at Ser473, reduced phosphorylation of cofilin, and accelerated tubulin deacetylation. Adiponectin slightly improved transendothelial resistance irrespectively of T‐cadherin depletion. T‐cadherin depletion also resulted in a reduced sensitivity and delayed responses to thrombin. These data implicate T‐cadherin in regulation of endothelial barrier function, and suggest a complex signaling network that links T‐cadherin and regulation of barrier function. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 94–102, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heat shock but not cold shock leads to disturbed intracellular zinc homeostasis
Authors: Pirev Elvis , Ince Yasemin , Sies Helmut , Kröncke Klaus D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe heat shock response is a highly conserved process essential for surviving environmental stress, including extremes of temperature. To investigate whether heat shock has an impact on intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis, cells were subjected to heat shock, and subsequently the intracellular free zinc concentration was investigated. Sublethal heat shock induced a temperature‐dependent and transient intracellular Zn2+ release that was repeatable after 24 h. The free zinc was localized in round‐shaped nuclear bodies identified as nucleoli. Metallothionein, the main cellular zinc storing protein, was found to be not functionally essential for this heat‐shock‐induced effect. No significant oxidative stress within the cells was detected after heat shock. Cold shock and subsequent rewarming did not result in disturbed intracellular zinc homeostasis. These results show that heat shock and cold shock differ with respect to intracellular Zn2+ release. A role for zinc as signaling ion during fever is conceivable. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 103–109, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical management for a malignant bowel obstruction with recurrent gastrointestinal carcinoma
Authors: Amikura Katsumi , Sakamoto Hirohiko , Yatsuoka Toshimasa , Kawashima Yoshiyuki , Nishimura Yoji , Tanaka Yoichi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundA malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a common clinical complication in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal carcinoma, which has a poor prognosis and a limited life expectancy. This study considered the effectiveness of surgical management for MBO.MethodsThis study reviewed the clinical course of 70 patients who underwent surgery for MBO and compared the outcomes in three groups: patients with (A) peritonitis carcinomatosis without manifest ascites, (B) peritonitis carcinomatosis with ascites, (C) local recurrence without peritonitis carcinomatosis.ResultsThe 1‐year survival rate and median survival time (MST) in the patients in group A were 33.3% and 228 days, which was statistically longer than those (6.7% and 46 days) in the patients in group B (P = 0.026). The rate of the patients with possible oral intake of solid meals for 6 months and median oral intake periods were 45.4% and 161 days in patients in group A and 28.0% and 93 days in patients in group C. In contrast, 66.7% in group B could not take solid meals for more than 1 month, and five patients could not take solid meals at all.ConclusionPalliative operations for the patients with manifest ascites of MBO are risky and rarely effectively improve oral intake, but this is not considered to be a contraindication for surgical management. Informed consent is therefore important in the surgical management of MBO. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101: 228–232. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth hormone and gene expression of in vitro‐matured rhesus macaque oocytes
Authors: Nyholt de Prada Jenna K. , Kellam Lori D. , Patel Bela G. , Latham Keith E. , VandeVoort Catherine A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) in rhesus macaque in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) has been shown to increase cumulus expansion and development of embryos to the 9–16 cell stage in response to 100 ng/ml recombinant human GH (r‐hGH) supplementation during IVM. Although developmental endpoints for metaphase II (MII) oocytes and embryos are limited in the macaque, gene expression analysis can provide a mechanism to explore GH action on IVM. In addition, gene expression analysis may allow molecular events associated with improved cytoplasmic maturation to be detected. In this study, gene expression of specific mRNAs in MII oocytes and cumulus cells that have or have not been exposed to r‐hGH during IVM was compared. In addition, mRNA expression was compared between in vitro and in vivo‐matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes and germinal vesicle (GV)‐stage oocytes. Only 2 of 17 genes, insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and steroidogenic acute regulator (STAR), showed increased mRNA expression in MII oocytes from the 100 ng/ml r‐hGH treatment group compared with other IVM treatment groups, implicating insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) and steroidogenesis pathways in the oocyte response to GH. The importance of IGF2 is notable, as expression of IGF1 was not detected in macaque GV‐stage or MII oocytes or cumulus cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 353–362, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A posteriori error analysis for the Morley plate element with general boundary conditions
Authors: Beirão da Veiga L. , Niiranen J. , Stenberg R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces and analyses a local, residual‐based a posteriori error indicator for the Morley finite element method of the biharmonic Kirchhoff plate bending problem. In the theoretical part of the paper, a recent approach presented by the authors for clamped boundaries is extended to general boundary conditions. The error indicator is proven to be both reliable and efficient. The numerical part of the paper presents a set of results on various benchmark computations with different kinds of domains and boundary conditions. These tests verify the reliability and efficiency of the error estimator and illustrate the robustness of the method for adaptive mesh refinements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term in‐home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers
Authors: Beeber Linda S. , Holditch‐Davis Diane , Perreira Krista , A. Schwartz Todd , Lewis Virginia , Blanchard Hjordis , Canuso Regina , Goldman Barbara Davis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDepressive symptoms may compromise the ability of low‐income Latina mothers with limited English language proficiency to parent their infants or toddlers. Eighty Early Head Start Latina mothers with limited English language proficiency were randomized to an advanced practice nurse‐delivered, culturally tailored, in‐home psychotherapy intervention, or to usual care. Repeated measures regression analysis showed a significantly greater decrease in depressive symptoms for intervention mothers compared to the usual care group at 22 and 26 weeks (4 weeks post intervention). Intervention mothers' reports of their child's aggression diminished significantly from T1 to T4 compared to usual care mothers (p = .03). Self‐efficacy appeared to only partially mediate the intervention effect, and maternal health moderated the intervention impact. Results indicate that the intervention reduced depressive symptoms and, compared to previous studies in this population, retention of mothers in both intervention and control conditions was improved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:60–76, 2010
Morphology of blends containing high concentrations of POSS nanoparticles in different polymer matrices
Authors: Li Shuyan , Simon George P. , Matisons Janis G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article reports an investigation into the miscibility and morphology of octaisobutyl‐substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (ibPOSS) nanocages over a wide concentration range (25–75 wt%) in polymer matrices, produced by solution blending. Three different, strategically chosen polymers were used: polystyrene (PS), poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PIBMA), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), to allow the effect of matrix structure and polarity on miscibility to be investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the composite systems. The Tg of PMMA and PIBMA were found to increase with introduction of ibPOSS, whereas PS did not show any significant change of Tg with increasing POSS content, indicating differing degrees of interaction. The phase separation has been found and a cubic POSS crystal structure has been observed in all blends with different size. The glass transition increased with concentration, even though all compositions were predominantly phase‐separated, and we suggest that this is due to the influence of the external face of the crystalline units on the polymer chains, and possibly some polymer contained within the crystalline POSS phase. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
‘And then one day they all moved to Leicester’: the relocation of Somalis from the Netherlands to the UK explained
Authors: van Liempt Ilse 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSince 2000 it is estimated that between 10,000 and 20,000 Somali immigrants have left the Netherlands for the UK. This exceptionally high level of intra‐European Union (EU) mobility is in contrast with the general trend of very low levels of intra‐EU mobility. Based on 33 in‐depth interviews with Dutch Somalis in London and Leicester this paper tries to explain the relocation of Somalis from the Netherlands to the UK. The presence of a large Somali community in the UK, economic and educational opportunities in the UK, and differences in integration policies have influenced Dutch Somalis' decision to relocate. It is argued, however, that the wider context in which these movements take place should be taken into account as well. Immigrants may (initially) not always be in a position to move where they want to move. As such, Somalis' relocation from the Netherlands to the UK could also be seen as a follow‐up to an earlier movement that was interrupted along the way. Dutch Somalis' narratives about their onward move provide us with a comparison of the Netherlands and the UK as countries of settlement. At the same time, these stories also challenge the binary oppositions that have tended to inform how we think about migration in a static and often linear way. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoscale capacitive behaviour of ion irradiated graphene on silicon oxide substrate
Authors: Sonde Sushant , Giannazzo Filippo , Raineri Vito , Rimini Emanuele 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSingle layers of graphene obtained by mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and deposited on a SiO2/n+‐Si substrate were irradiated with high‐energy (500 keV) C ions. Controlled amounts of defects were introduced in graphene by a precise control of the ion fluence, ranging from 1 × 1013 to 1 × 1014 cm−2. Scanning capacitance spectroscopy (SCS) was used as non‐destructive characterization technique to probe the effect of irradiation defects on the electrical properties of graphene. A wider variation between the capacitance curves measured at different positions on irradiated graphene is found in comparison with the pristine graphene. The quantum capacitance per unit area $C'_{\rm q} $ was extracted from raw data. In particular, an increase of $C'_{\rm q} $ is associated to the damaged regions.
Electron impact ionization in K‐, L‐, and M‐shells of atomic targets
Authors: Patoary M. A. R. , Uddin M. Alfaz , Haque A. K. F. , Shahjahan M. , Basak A. K. , Saha B. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRecently proposed extension of the empirical model (BELL) of Bell et al. (J Phys Chem Ref Data 1983, 12, 891) with incorporation of the quantum mechanical form of orbital radius from the DM model and a nonlinear feature in addition to the ionic and relativistic corrections is examined for electron‐impact single ionization in the K‐, L‐, and M‐shells of ionic and neutral atoms. This leads to the generalization of the parameters of the nonlinear form of the modified BELL (NMBELL) model in terms of the quantum numbers nl of the ionizing orbits. The generalization shows that only three species‐independent fitting parameters, dependent only on the orbitals, in the NMBELL model satisfactorily reproduce the electron‐impact single ionization cross sections of 42 ionic targets belonging to the He, Li, Be, B, C, O, F, Ne, Mg, Al, P, Ca, and Sc isoelectronic sequences over a wide range of energies up to 200 MeV. The NMBELL model is also found to well account for the L‐ and M‐shell ionization of six neutral atoms up to 1 GeV. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Gaussian process learning for cyber‐attack early warning
Authors: Zhang Jian , Porras Phillip , Ullrich Johannes 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNetwork security has been a serious concern for many years. For example, firewalls often record thousands of exploit attempts on a daily basis. Network administrators could benefit from information on potential aggressive attack sources, as such information can help to proactively defend their networks. For this purpose, several large‐scale information sharing systems have been established, in which information on cyberattacks targeting each participant network is shared such that a network can be forewarned of attacks observed by others.However, the total number of reported attackers is huge in these systems. Thus, a challenging problem is to identify the attackers that are most relevant to each individual network (i.e. most likely to come to that network in the near future). We present a framework to estimate the relevance of each attacker with respect to each network. In particular, we model each attacker's relevance as a function over the networks. Different attackers have different functions. The distribution of the functions is modeled using a Gaussian process (GP). The relevance function of each attacker is then inferred from the GP, that itself is learned from the collection of attack information. We test our framework on the attack reports in the DShield information sharing system. Experiments show that attackers found relevant to a network by our framework are indeed more likely to come to that network in the future. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 56‐68, 2010