bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing breast self‐examination knowledge and practices among women in Iraq: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Mustafa Najah , Al‐Obaidi Ahmed Dheyaa , Hashim Hashim Talib , Al Sakini Ahmed Sermed , Abd Abdulqader Majed , Rashed Rusul Husham , Saeed Rania Omar , Al Saeedi Mina , Al‐Obaidi Ammar , Hashim Ali Talib 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe present study aims to shed light on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self‐examination with breast cancer (BC) among female patients in the oncology department of Baghdad Medical City.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 100 female participants at the Oncology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City between June 15 and October 15, 2022. Using convenient sampling, the study targeted females aged 30–75, recently or previously diagnosed with BC, admitted for treatment and follow‐ups.ResultsRegarding the assessment of knowledge, among the surveyed patients, 71 are aware of breast self‐examination (BSE), primarily through social media (42 patients). The study also explores the link between BSE and education levels. While Pearson's chi‐square shows no significance (0.107), the likelihood ratio suggests a significant association (0.041). Regarding the analysis of attitudes, the study assessment for the reasons for compliance showed that 19 patients cite medical reasons, and 48 patients attribute noncompliance to a lack of knowledge of how to perform BSE. Regarding the examination of practice, high statistical significance is evident in both Pearson's chi‐square (0.000) and likelihood ratio (0.000) tests, emphasizing the substantial relationship between the post‐diagnosis initiation timing of BSE and its correct execution. Additionally, a statistically significant association exists between performing BSE correctly and discovering BC (p = 0.000).ConclusionRegarding the assessment of knowledge, our study found high awareness of BSE within the population, primarily through social media and health organizations. Regarding the analysis of attitudes, a notable proportion refrained from practicing BSE, primarily due to a perceived lack of knowledge about the methods. Regarding the examination of practice, the observed significant associations between performing BSE correctly, discovering BC, and the frequency of examinations underscore the pivotal role of consistent and accurate BSE in early detection.
Evaluating the attitudes of radiologic technology students and graduates toward their study major and career prospects: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mazaheri Fatemeh , Tahmasbi Marziyeh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUnderstanding students' attitudes toward their study major and career prospects in healthcare is crucial. This study evaluates radiologic technology students and graduates' attitudes toward their study major and career prospects.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences assessed 120 BSc radiologic technology students and graduates' attitudes toward their study major and career prospects using an online questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26, with results reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significance was determined using the independent sample t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance (p < 0.05).ResultsParticipants' age, averaged 24.13 ± 3.64 years and were predominantly females (58.3%). Among radiologic technology students, the mean scores ± SD for attitudes toward their academic major and career prospects were 19.75 ± 2.27 and 15.62 ± 2.28, respectively. For graduates, these values were 19.73 ± 3.85 and 14.73 ± 2.75, respectively. Most participants exhibited a positive attitude toward their study major (90.8%) and career prospects (85.0%). No statistically significant differences were observed in attitudes across demographic specifications for students and graduates, nor between the attitudes of students and graduates toward their study major and career prospects.ConclusionsThe evaluated students and graduates demonstrated a positive attitude toward their field of study and career prospects. Positive perceptions from peers and society and job opportunities for BSc graduates contribute to this. while our research highlights the prevailing positive attitudes within the radiologic technology profession, there is a clear need for ongoing evaluation and refinement to ensure continued success and satisfaction among students and graduates. Enhancing students' understanding of academic disciplines before major selection and providing effective counseling can reinforce these attitudes.
Beyond polio: Exploring non‐polio enteroviruses, global health preparedness, and the “Disease X” paradigm
Authors: Anjum Ramisa , Haque Md. Aminul , Akter Raushanara , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDisease X represents the possibility that an unidentified infection may spread globally and start a pandemic. This study explored various aspects of emerging non‐polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) as a possible source of “Disease X,” an enigmatic agent declared by the World Health Organization, and discussed the potential impact of NPEVs on global public health.MethodsIn this perspective article, we collected information from publicly available sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. We used NPEVs, viral diseases, pandemics, and zoonotic diseases as keywords. We extracted information from the most relevant articles.ResultsNotable outbreaks caused by NPEVs include enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) and enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71), among many others. With a focus on therapeutic and preventative components, alternate modes of therapy, and the development of broad‐spectrum antivirals, this analysis looks at the origin, epidemiology, genetic alterations, transmission dynamics, and disease pathophysiology of NPEVs. The information presented in the review indicates the current risk assessment of NPEVs, taking into account the following factors: the need for research and therapeutic interventions, the diversity of clinical manifestations, the impact of genetic variability on virulence, the persistence of emergence despite vaccination efforts, recurrent outbreaks, and the global impact of these viruses.ConclusionThere is a possibility that NPEVs could trigger global pandemics based on their zoonotic origins and urges for complete readiness, continuous research, cooperation, and a comprehensive strategy to combat emerging infectious diseases in a constantly changing global environment. It is peak time to acknowledge how important it is to abide by safety and health laws to prevent these illnesses.
Exploring the mathematic equations behind the materials science data using interpretable symbolic regression
Authors: Wang Guanjie , Wang Erpeng , Li Zefeng , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSymbolic regression (SR), exploring mathematical expressions from a given data set to construct an interpretable model, emerges as a powerful computational technique with the potential to transform the “black box” machining learning methods into physical and chemistry interpretable expressions in material science research. In this review, the current advancements in SR are investigated, focusing on the underlying theories, fundamental flowcharts, various techniques, implemented codes, and application fields. More predominantly, the challenging issues and future opportunities in SR that should be overcome to unlock the full potential of SR in material design and research, including graphics processing unit acceleration and transfer learning algorithms, the trade‐off between expression accuracy and complexity, physical or chemistry interpretable SR with generative large language models, and multimodal SR methods, are discussed.
NIR regeneration and visible luminescence modification in photochromic glass: A novel encryption and 3D optical storage medium
Authors: Zhao Heping , Li Yuewei , Mi Chao , Zi Yingzhu , Bai Xue , Haider Asif Ali , Cun Yangke , Huang Anjun , Liu Yue , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Liao Jiayan , Zhou Ji , Yang Zhengwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotochromic glass shows great promise for 3D optical information encryption and storage applications. The formation of Ag nanoclusters by light irradiation has been a significant development in the field of photochromic glass research. However, extending this approach to other metal nanoclusters remains a challenge. In this study, we present a pioneering method for crafting photochromic glass with reliably adjustable dual‐mode luminescence in both the NIR and visible spectra. This was achieved by leveraging bimetallic clusters of bismuth, resulting in a distinct and novel photochromic glass. When rare‐earth‐doped, bismuth‐based glass is irradiated with a 473 nm laser, and it undergoes a color transformation from yellow to red, accompanied by visible and broad NIR luminescence. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of laser‐induced (Bi+, Bi0) nanoclusters. We achieved reversible manipulation of the NIR luminescence of these nanoclusters and visible rare‐earth luminescence by alternating exposure to a 473 nm laser and thermal stimulation. Information patterns can be inscribed and erased on a glass surface or in 3D space, and the readout is enabled by modulating visible and NIR luminescence. This study introduces a pioneering strategy for designing photochromic glasses with extensive NIR luminescence and significant potential for applications in high‐capacity information encryption, optical data storage, optical communication, and NIR imaging. The exploration of bimetallic cluster formation in Bi represents a vital contribution to the advancement of multifunctional glass systems with augmented optical functionalities and versatile applications.image
Differential effects of perigestational consumption of sucrose‐sweetened beverages on anxiety and depression‐related behaviors in adult offspring: Sex disparity in a mouse model
Authors: Ortiz‐Valladares Minerva , Peregrino‐Ramírez Christian , Pedraza‐Medina Ricardo , Guzmán‐Muñiz Jorge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConsumption of sucrose‐sweetened drinks (SSDs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding can lead to various health and metabolism issues, but the potential impact on neurodevelopment and long‐term effects remains unclear. This study aims to examine how maternal consumption of SSDs during gestation and lactation influences anxiety and depression‐related behavior in adult offspring. Adult female CD‐1 mice were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or a sucrose group (SG) 2 weeks before gestation. The SG had 2 h of access to an SSD (15% w/w, 0.6 kcal/ml) for 2 weeks before mating, during pregnancy, and throughout lactation, totaling 8 weeks. Adult offspring were then evaluated for depressive‐related behaviors and anxiety‐related behaviors. Our findings reveal that perigestational consumption of SSDs does not lead to offspring presenting behaviors related to depression, but it does increase swimming behavior. However, maternal consumption of SSDs could impact the fighting response due to a diminished motivational component. In contrast, perigestational consumption of SSDs has apparent effects on anxiety‐related behavior. Furthermore, female offspring appeared to be particularly vulnerable, exhibiting a higher anxiety index compared with controls. These findings indicate that females could be more vulnerable to the effects of maternal consumption of SSDs, being more susceptible to the presence of anxiety‐related behaviors.
The profile of cytokines against bacterial infection in dental pulp
Authors: Bai Zhongcheng , Liu Jun , Bai Hehuizi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDental pulp in a confined environment, with little connection to the outside and only a small distribution of immune cells, provides a good research model for investigating how cells respond to bacterial infections through cytokines.MethodsThe data of single‐cell transcriptome sequencing of healthy and inflamed pulp tissue were downloaded from the GEO dataset. The expression character of 79 cytokines was analyzed based on the expression matrix.ResultsThe cytokine secretion profiles of the two populations of pulp cells in healthy dental pulp were associated with vascularization and nervous system development, as well as immune cell regulation. For the three populations of pulp stem cells with stem cell activity in the dental pulp, the secretion of cytokines related to nervous system development, regulation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and regulation of immune cell function comprised the characteristics that we observed. The cytokines secreted by T cells and macrophages were more of an immune reserve against pathogenic microorganisms. In the inflammatory state, the spectrum of cytokines secreted by various types of cells in the dental pulp tended to be identical, such that it mainly resisted pathogenic microorganisms.ConclusionsThe cytokine secretion profiles of various cell types in healthy and inflamed dental pulp at the single‐cell level are summarized.
Screening and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma by serum des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Schreuder A. B. , Overduin R. J. , Peltenburg N. C. , de Boer L. , Bodewes F. A. J. A. , Derks T. G. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNo sensitive tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available for patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa), in whom alpha‐fetoprotein and carcino‐embryonic antigen levels often remain normal. We describe increased levels of the HCC tumor marker des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in GSDIa patients with HCC. In one case DCP levels normalized after liver transplantation. We recommend including DCP as a screening HCC tumor marker in the surveillance of patients with GSDIa.
Comparative evaluation of Anyplex II HPV28 and Allplex HPV28 molecular assays for human papillomavirus detection and genotyping in anogenital cancer screening
Authors: Naegele Klaudia , Bubendorf Lukas , Hirsch Hans H. , Leuzinger Karoline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPersistent infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as the main cause for the development of anogenital cancers. This study prospectively evaluated the diagnostic performance of the novel Allplex‐HPV28 assay with the Anyplex‐II‐HPV28 to detect and genotype HPV in 234 consecutive swabs and 32 biopsies of the anogenital tract from 265 patients with atypical findings in cytomorphological screening. Agreement in HPV‐DNA detection between the Anyplex‐II and Allplex‐HPV28 assays was 99%. There was a notable diversity in the HPV‐virome, with the most prevalent high‐risk HPV types being 16, 53, 66, and 68. The agreement rates for detecting these genotypes exceeded 93% between the Anyplex‐II and Allplex‐HPV28 assays. Discrepancies in test results were solely noted for Anyplex‐II‐HPV28 results with a low signal intensity of “+”, and for Allplex‐HPV28 results with cycle thresholds of ≥36. The semi‐quantitative analysis of HPV‐DNA loads showed significant agreement between the Anyplex‐II‐HPV28 and Allplex‐HPV28 assays (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HPV‐DNA detection rates and mean HPV‐DNA loads significantly correlated with the grade of abnormal changes identified in cytopathological assessment, being highest in cases of HSIL, condyloma accuminatum, and squamous cell carcinoma. Overall agreement rates for detecting specific HPV‐types among the Anyplex‐II and Allplex‐HPV28 assays exceeded 99.5% in cases of atypical squamous cells, condyloma accuminatum, and squamous cell carcinoma. The novel Allplex‐HPV28 assay shows good diagnostic performance in detecting and genotyping HPV commonly associated with anogenital cancers. Consequently, this assay could offer substantial potential for incorporation into future molecular screening programs for anogenital cancers in clinical settings.
A fully automatic MRI‐guided decision support system for lumbar disc herniation using machine learning
Authors: Zhang Di , Du Jiawei , Shi Jiaxiao , Zhang Yundong , Jia Siyue , Liu Xingyu , Wu Yu , An Yicheng , Zhu Shibo , Pan Dayu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yiling , Feng Shiqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundNormalized decision support system for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) will improve reproducibility compared with subjective clinical diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an essential role in the evaluation of LDH. This study aimed to develop an MRI‐based decision support system for LDH, which evaluates lumbar discs in a reproducible, consistent, and reliable manner.MethodsThe research team proposed a system based on machine learning that was trained and tested by a large, manually labeled data set comprising 217 patients' MRI scans (3255 lumbar discs). The system analyzes the radiological features of identified discs to diagnose herniation and classifies discs by Pfirrmann grade and MSU classification. Based on the assessment, the system provides clinical advice.ResultsEventually, the accuracy of the diagnosis process reached 95.83%. An 83.5% agreement was observed between the system's prediction and the ground‐truth in the Pfirrmann grade. In the case of MSU classification, 95.0% precision was achieved. With the assistance of this system, the accuracy, interpretation efficiency and interrater agreement among surgeons were improved substantially.ConclusionThis system showed considerable accuracy and efficiency, and therefore could serve as an objective reference for the diagnosis and treatment procedure in clinical practice.
As‐Needed Pilocarpine for Radiation‐Induced Xerostomia in Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Watanapokasin Natcha , Rawangban Worawat , Tangjaturonrasme Napadon 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of as‐needed pilocarpine for the management of radiation‐induced xerostomia. Additionally, the study sought to assess the side effects associated with an as‐needed regimen.MethodsA randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled crossover study was conducted on patients who had undergone radiation therapy for head and neck cancers and developed xerostomia. Participants took pilocarpine or placebo as needed for symptom relief at 2 weeks per treatment, which included a one‐week washout period. The primary outcome measure was the severity of dry mouth symptoms, quantified using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). The primary outcome was the change in the XI score.ResultsAmong the 20 participants who completed the crossover study, there was a significant reduction in XI scores during the treatment phase with pilocarpine compared to the scores during the placebo phase. The mean difference in XI scores was −18.05 (95% CI: −17.17, −6.13, p < 0.001), with a−49.77 ± 3.22% change (p < 0.001). Only one participant withdrew due to pilocarpine side effects.ConclusionAs‐needed pilocarpine administration is effective in relieving symptoms of radiation‐induced xerostomia, with fewer side effects and reduced treatment costs compared to fixed‐dose regimens. This study guides the potential shift toward flexible dosing strategies in clinical practice, promoting enhanced patient‐centered, tailored care and adherence.Level of Evidence2. According to the Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine 2011 level of evidence guidelines Laryngoscope, 134:4542–4548, 2024
Recent Advances in Wireless Optoelectronic Biomedical Implants
Authors: Metuh Pietro , Petersen Paul Michael , Ou Yiyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic implants have gained increasing attention over the last ten years for their clinical applications, such as optogenetics, photodynamic therapy, and deep‐tissue physiological sensing, which are expected to diagnose and treat a large number of diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, visual impairment, and cancer. One of the main challenges for biomedical optoelectronics is to produce a compact, biocompatible system that delivers optical energy into specific tissue regions. While early‐stage devices are initially adopting batteries or wired solutions for energy supply, recent development has shifted toward wireless devices based on alternative methods, such as wireless power transmission, kinetic energy, and photovoltaic harvesting, which do not normally require periodic replacement or servicing and do not constrain the movement of the patient. In this paper, the principles of the main biomedical applications of implantable optoelectronic devices are reviewed. Recent developments in wireless implantable optoelectronic devices are summarized and sorted by their energy transfer mechanisms. These energy transfer techniques are compared in terms of quantitative parameters (electrical power, optical power, operating frequency, size, weight, and operating range), application fields where they are tested, and main advantages and limitations.
Local Light Field Control Enables Efficient Quantum Dot Color Conversion Films for Mini‐LED Backlit Displays
Authors: Gong Ting , Yang Yang , Xuan Tongtong , Bai Wenhao , Dong Haorui , Zhou Tianliang , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantum dot (QD) color conversion films (QD‐CCFs) are used in ultrahigh definition (UHD) Mini‐LED backlit displays due to their narrow band emission and high color purity. However, their poor light conversion efficiency (LCE) leads to greater film thickness and thus high cost. Herein, this study proposes a local light field control strategy to enhance the LCE of QD‐CCFs using high‐refractive BN nanosheets. The LCEs of the green and red QD‐CCFs can increase from 29.9% and 34.8% to 67.4% and 91.0% after adding BN nanosheets, respectively. Combining the experimental data with the finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, the enhanced LCEs can be attributed to observably increased blue light absorption and improved light extraction efficiency of the light emitted from QDs. The white Mini‐LEDs, prepared by integrating the optimized QD‐CCFs containing BN nanosheets with blue Mini‐LED chips, show a high luminous efficiency of 70.2 lm W−1, a high external quantum efficiency of 36.2%, and a wide color gamut of 96.3% Rec. 2020 standards. This work provides an interesting idea for designing high‐efficiency QD‐CCFs toward low‐cost UHD Mini‐LED backlit displays.
Giant Pyramidal Near‐Infrared InP/ZnS Quantum Dots with Size Over 15 nm for Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Duan Xijian , Tan Yangzhi , Hao Junjie , Zhu Hongmei , Wang Qingqian , Yang Hongcheng , Liu Haochen , Wang Kai , Wang Zhiwen , Wang Ya‐Long , Song Yujie , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, near‐infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) have emerged as a promising candidate for biological imaging owing to their strong fluorescence penetrating into biological tissues and high imaging signal‐to‐noise ratio. Among various materials, InP QDs are environmentally friendly and have a relatively narrow bandgap of 1.35 eV, which provides a possibility for their emission wavelength to extend to the near‐infrared region. However, the strong reactivity of the precursor of phosphorus makes it challenging to synthesize NIR InP QDs, as it leads to rapid nucleation of the InP core. Herein, a method of epitaxial growth is reported to synthesize NIR InP QDs. Through high‐temperature nucleation and low‐temperature epitaxial growth, NIR InP QDs larger than 15 nm in size and with an emission wavelength of 807 nm are successfully synthesized. Furthermore, by removing InPOx defects on the surface of the core through HF etching, the quantum yield (QY) is increased from 6% to 12%. Ligand exchange successfully converted oil‐soluble ligands into water‐soluble ones, leading to excellent performance in cell imaging. The study provides a promising approach to the synthesis of desirable NIR InP QDs for use in biomedical imaging applications.