bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of COVID‐19 lockdown on ambient air quality
Authors: Çalik Özge Nur , Çetin Doğruparmak Şenay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pandemic‐related lockdown on Turkey's air quality throughout time and space. For this purpose, statistical techniques were used to assess daily particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides and nitrogen dioxide (NOx and NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). The study's findings showed that, while the lockdown improved air quality in terms of air pollutant emissions, the most notable reduction was in NO2 and NOx emissions. When comparing the months prior to the pandemic (November 2019 to January 2020) with the months during the pandemic (November 2020 to January 2021), the declines in NO2 were 20%, 3%, and 0.5%, respectively. NOx emissions decreased by an average of 19% and 5% in November and December, respectively, and increased by an average of 16% in January during the pandemic. When the data for the 33 days of lockdown were compared to the data for the same 33 days the previous year, significant differences were determined at several Clean Air Centers, which were two for PM10, two for SO2, seven for NOx, four for NO2, two for CO, and three for O3, respectively. In this study, pollutant concentrations were found in the following ranges from November 2019 to January 2021: PM10: 3–208 µg m–3, SO2: 1–56 µg m–3, NOx: 6–600 µg m–3, NO2: 4–155 µg m–3, CO: 1–3921 µg m–3, and O3: 2–119 µg m–3. There were days that exceeded the limit values for PM10.
Numerical simulation and fast method for the 0D‐1D multi‐scale coupled model and its application in ischemic brain tissue blood flow problems
Authors: Liu Yi , Jia Junqing , Zeng Fanhai , Jiang Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs living standards rise, more and more people are paying attention to their own health, especially issues such as cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, and other cerebral blood flow problems. An accurate simulation of blood flow within cerebral vessels has emerged as a crucial area of research. In this study, we focus on microcirculatory blood flow in ischemic brain tissue and employ a 0D‐1D geometric multi‐scale coupled model to characterize this process. Given the intricate nature of human cerebral vessels, we apply a numerical method combining the finite element method and the third‐order Runge–Kutta method to resolve the coupled model. To enhance computational efficiency, we introduce a fast method based on the reduced‐order extrapolation algorithm. Our numerical example underscores the stability of the method and convergence accuracy to , while significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of blood flow simulation, making the mechanism analysis more accurate. Additionally, we present examples detailing variations and distribution of intracranial pressure and blood flow in ischemic brain tissue throughout a cardiac cycle. Both reduced vascular compliance and vascular stenosis can have adverse effects on intracranial cerebral pressure and blood flow, leading to insufficient local oxygen supply and negative effects on brain function. Meanwhile, there will also be corresponding changes in volume flow and pulsatile blood pressure.
Resource allocation in paired users: Optimization‐assisted user grouping for fairness improvement of NOMA
Authors: Louis A. Bamila Virgin , Dalton G. Arul 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe solution of resource allocation is based on NOMA and OMA structures that are suboptimal to satisfy the demanding QoS and higher data rate requirements compared to EE requirements in 5G cellular networks. In this work, the resource allocation problem in the hybrid MC‐NOMA system is solved. The system achieves the trade‐off between spectral and energy efficiency (EE) with the lowest rate of user requirements. The system's resource allocation, including power allocation, is considered the crucial factor and is identified as a single‐objective problem. The suggested work focuses on user pairing and allocation on paired users following processing. The user grouping is designed to connect near‐ and far‐users with high C3 to increase the fairness of NOMA. As a result, this work considers multiple goals, such as C3 maximization, spectrum efficiency, and energy efficiency. This paper aims to present a novel hybrid optimization model with the combination of coati and bald eagle optimization algorithms, to solve the defined optimization problem. The experimental results show that the suggested system outperforms the conventional algorithms by evaluating different performance measures such as channel correlation, spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and power allocation.
Suboptimal self‐reported sleep efficiency and duration are associated with faster accumulation of brain amyloid beta in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Pivac Louise N. , Brown Belinda M. , Sewell Kelsey R. , Doecke James D. , Villemagne Victor L. , Doré Vincent , Weinborn Michael , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Gardener Samantha L. , Bucks Romola S. , Laws Simon M. , Taddei Kevin , Maruff Paul , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher , Martins Ralph N. , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study investigated whether self‐reported sleep quality is associated with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation.METHODSLinear mixed effect model analyses were conducted for 189 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults (mean ± standard deviation 74.0 ± 6.2; 53.2% female), with baseline self‐reported sleep data, and positron emission tomography‐determined brain Aβ measured over a minimum of three time points (range 33.3–72.7 months). Analyses included random slopes and intercepts, interaction for apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status, and time, adjusting for sex and baseline age.RESULTSSleep duration <6 hours, in APOE ε4 carriers, and sleep efficiency <65%, in the whole sample and APOE ε4 non‐carriers, is associated with faster accumulation of brain Aβ.DISCUSSIONThese findings suggest a role for self‐reported suboptimal sleep efficiency and duration in the accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in CU individuals. Additionally, poor sleep efficiency represents a potential route via which individuals at lower genetic risk may progress to preclinical AD.Highlights
In cognitively unimpaired older adults self‐report sleep is associated with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation.
Across sleep characteristics, this relationship differs by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.
Sleep duration <6 hours is associated with faster brain Aβ accumulation in APOE ε4 carriers.
Sleep efficiency < 65% is associated with faster brain Aβ accumulation in APOE ε4 non‐carriers.
Personalized sleep interventions should be studied for potential to slow Aβ accumulation.
Fluoroalkoxylating Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Recent Advances
Authors: Chen Mingxi , Wang Quande 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fluoroalkoxy groups (ORf) are widely used motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields due to their unique physicochemical properties including higher lipophilicity and increased metabolic stability. Thus, the high value of ORf‐containing derivatives has stimulated the development of fluoroalkoxylation reactions. In this review, we highlight the recent progress of various trifluoroalkoxylating reagents and their applications in organic synthesis in the past five years.
Effects of different amounts of okara on texture, digestive properties, and microstructure of noodles
Authors: Cao Zhongwen , Zhou Lingchen , Gao Sumin , Yang Cheng , Meng Xiangren , Liu Zhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a byproduct of manufacturing soybeans, okara is high in dietary fiber, protein, and fats, and it contains all of the essential amino acids. Wheat, the primary ingredient in noodles, will lose nutrients during manufacturing, creating an imbalance in nutrients. This experiment is for the purpose of studying the effects of okara on quality, antioxidant properties, amino acid content, resistant starch (RS) content, and microstructure of noodles. The results indicate that the addition of 9% okara noodles increased hardness and adhesiveness by 107.19% and 132.14%, respectively, and improved ABTS free radical scavenging activity by 60.78%. The addition of 12% okara noodles increased the DPPH free radical scavenging ability by 23.66%, reduced the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content of the noodles to 21.21%, and the resistant starch content increased to 44.85% (p < .05). Therefore, to address the issue of nutritional imbalance in wheat noodles without compromising the quality of the noodles, it is recommended to add 9% or 12% okara for the preparation of nutritionally fortified noodles.
A cross‐sectional study of outcomes for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for pulmonary embolism during 2018–2022: Insights from the PINC AI Healthcare Database
Authors: Gandhi Ripal T. , Gibson C. Michael , Jaber Wissam A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMechanical thrombectomy (MT) treatments for pulmonary embolism (PE) have yet to be compared directly. We aimed to determine if patient outcomes varied following treatment of PE with different MT devices.MethodsAll PE encounters with an index treatment of MT between January 2018 and March 2022 were analyzed for in‐hospital mortality, discharge to home, and 30‐day readmission outcomes in the PINC AI™ Healthcare Database. MT devices used in each encounter were extracted from hospital charge description free‐text fields using keyword text and fuzzy matching. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression was used to model outcomes by device.ResultsA total of 5893 encounters were identified using MT as the sole index PE treatment and 1812 using MT with another treatment. Of these, 41% had insufficient information to identify the devices used (unspecified MT), 33% used the FlowTriever System (large‐bore volume‐controlled aspiration MT), 23% the Indigo System (continuous aspiration MT), and 3% some other MT. Large‐bore volume‐controlled aspiration MT was used with other treatments 13% of the time compared with 23% and 39% for unspecified MT and continuous aspiration MT, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression modeling revealed the odds of in‐hospital mortality were significantly higher for patients treated with unspecified MT ([OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.10–1.83], p = 0.008) or continuous aspiration MT (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: [1.21–2.19], p = 0.001) compared with large‐bore volume‐controlled aspiration MT. Discharge to home was significantly lower in these same groups (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: [0.73–0.96], p = 0.01, and OR = 0.63, 95% CI: [0.53–0.74], p < 0.001, respectively), but readmission risks at 30 days were comparable (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: [0.84–1.38], p = 0.56, and OR = 1.20, 95% CI: [0.89–1.62], p = 0.24, respectively).ConclusionPE outcomes and treatment patterns differ significantly based on the type of MT utilized. Clinical studies directly comparing MT treatments are needed to further understand optimal treatment of PE.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in diabetic foot ulcer: An updated comprehensive review
Authors: Hetta Helal F. , Elsaghir Alaa , Sijercic Victor Coll , Akhtar Mahad S. , Gad Sayed A. , Moses Avinash , Zeleke Mahlet S. , Alanazi Fawaz E. , Ahmed Abdulrahman K. , Ramadan Yasmin N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes has evolved into a worldwide public health issue. One of the most serious complications of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), which frequently creates a significant financial strain on patients and lowers their quality of life. Up until now, there has been no curative therapy for DFU, only symptomatic relief or an interruption in the disease's progression. Recent studies have focused attention on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which provide innovative and potential treatment candidates for several illnesses as they can differentiate into various cell types. They are mostly extracted from the placenta, adipose tissue, umbilical cord (UC), and bone marrow (BM). Regardless of their origin, they show comparable features and small deviations. Our goal is to investigate MSCs' therapeutic effects, application obstacles, and patient benefit strategies for DFU therapy.MethodologyA comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords relating to DFU, MSCs, and connected topics in the databases of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. The main focus of the selection criteria was on English‐language literature that explored the relationship between DFU, MSCs, and related factors.Results and DiscussionNumerous studies are being conducted and have demonstrated that MSCs can induce re‐epithelialization and angiogenesis, decrease inflammation, contribute to immunological modulation, and subsequently promote DFU healing, making them a promising approach to treating DFU. This review article provides a general snapshot of DFU (including clinical presentation, risk factors and etiopathogenesis, and conventional treatment) and discusses the clinical progress of MSCs in the management of DFU, taking into consideration the side effects and challenges during the application of MSCs and how to overcome these challenges to achieve maximum benefits.ConclusionThe incorporation of MSCs in the management of DFU highlights their potential as a feasible therapeutic strategy. Establishing a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between DFU pathophysiology, MSC therapies, and related obstacles is essential for optimizing therapy outcomes and maximizing patient benefits.
Justifying the need for a recovery related surveillance system: Exploratory focused interviews
Authors: Ellis Joseph , Clancy Grace L. , Kizewski Amber , Jennings Tyler , Thompson Robin A. , Arnett Paula , Bunn Terry L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNo recovery related surveillance system exists but given the evidence of effectiveness and growing supply, a house‐ and resident‐ level recovery house (RH) surveillance system could be beneficial for data collection on recovery support service (RSS) engagement, and retention; for improved standardization of RH programs and services; and for identification of outcomes associated with long‐term recovery.MethodsThis study aimed to explore current data collection practices at the resident‐ and house‐ level through qualitative focus interviews of RH representatives. The 13 RH interviews were scheduled with 16 RH representative respondents.ResultsThe most frequently collected resident data was at entry (92%) and departure (85%) and included demographics (n = 5), substance use history (n = 6), treatment and recovery history (n = 5), legal and correctional history (n = 6) and mental health information (n = 7). Recovery support data was collected by 85% of houses. Post‐stay data was only collected by four RHs (31%).ConclusionThese results indicate that there is a lack of standardized systematic collection, analysis, and reporting of recovery related data in the RH field. A recovery related surveillance system has the potential to fill this gap and inform and improve standard of resident care to support long‐term recovery from substance use disorder.
Exploring the relationship between contextual factors and health‐promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) among medical students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Karimian Zahra , Moradi Mehrvash , Zarifsanaiey Nahid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between health‐promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) among medical students and contextual factors such as gender, age, field of study, academic level, marital status, history of physical and mental illnesses, and smoking.MethodsThe present research was conducted in a cross‐sectional method in 2021 on 500 students of Shiraz University of Medical Students. An e‐questionnaire link was sent to them via email. The research tool was the HPLP questionnaire consisting of 52 questions in six domains in a 4‐point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 with one‐sample t‐test, independent t‐test, analysis of variance, and Tukey's post hoc test.ResultsA total of 500 students fully answered the questions completely. All components of a healthy lifestyle—except for exercise—obtained a score higher than the cut‐off point. The component of Self‐Actualization (spiritual growth) (3.035 ± 0.68) had the highest score, while the lowest score was related to exercise and physical activity (2.126 ± 0.60). Married individuals had a better average health score compared to singles (p = 0.047). The average health score did not have a significant relationship with gender, but significantly related to age, field of study (p < 0.001), history of mental illnesses (p < 0.001) and Smoking (p < 0.001).ConclusionIt seems that university officials should pay more attention to the health domain of students’ lifestyles, such as nutrition, the development of exercise and physical activities, and the management of stress and mental health. Additionally, providing necessary awareness and considering training courses, as well as developing sports and recreational facilities, can be effective in creating a better environment for the growth and development of students and ensuring their well‐being.
Age at natural menopause and development of chronic diseases in the female population of Kharameh, Iran: A historical cohort study
Authors: Pasokh Zahra , Seif Mozhgan , Ghaem Haleh , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Johari Masoumeh Ghoddusi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDeclines in estradiol levels after menopause have been reported to be associated with several health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the effect of age at natural menopause (ANM) on some of the most common chronic diseases.MethodsThis historical cohort study was performed on 2636 postmenopausal women aged 40–70 years participating in phase one of the PERSIAN cohort study in Kharameh, Iran, during 2015–2017. The effect of early (<45 years), intermediate (45–53 years), and late menopause (>53 years) on chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, thyroid diseases, and depression was assessed using classic logistic regression for diseases with an incidence rate of more than 10% and Firth's logistic regression for diseases with an incidence of less than this amount.ResultsThe mean age of women was 53.48 ± 8.59. Respectively, early and intermediate menopause was associated with ischemic heart disease (odds ratio [OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.42; p = 0.020), (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.13–2.21; p = 0.008) and thyroid diseases (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.64–6.24; p < 0.001), (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.02–3.57; p = 0.042). furthermore, early menopause was a risk factor for diabetes (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.07–2.00; p = 0.018), depression (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 2.20–11.79; p = <0.001) and stroke (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.08–9.32; p = 0.034).ConclusionsIn this study, women with diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, stroke, thyroid disorders, and depression had a younger ANM compared to their healthy counterparts. Therefore, applying appropriate strategies to postpone the age of menopause, can reduce the incidence of these types of chronic diseases.
Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants in comparison to warfarin in obese patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Adelkhanova Alla , Oli Prakash Raj , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Shtembari Jurgen , Jha Vivek , Shantha Ghanshyam , Bodziock George Michael , Biswas Monodeep , Zaman Muhammad Omer , Patel Nimesh K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimObesity affects nearly 650 million adults worldwide, and the prevalence is steadily rising. This condition has significant adverse effects on cardiovascular health, increasing the risk of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation (AF). While anticoagulation for obese patients with AF is a well‐established therapy for the prevention of thromboembolism, the safety and efficacy of different anticoagulants in this specific population are not well explored. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) to vitamin K antagonists in obese populations with AF.MethodsThe PRISMA guidelines were followed for this meta‐analysis, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023392711). PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles from inception through January 2023. Two independent authors screened titles and abstracts, followed by a full‐text review in Covidence. Data were extracted in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using RevMan v5.4 using odds ratio as an effect measure.ResultsTwo thousand two hundred fifty‐nine studies were identified from the database search, and 18 were included in the analysis. There were statistically significant reductions in the odds of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the DOAC group compared with the VKA group (OR 0.70, CI 0.66–0.75) and (OR 0.47, CI 0.35–0.62), respectively. In addition, the DOAC group exhibited lower odds of systemic embolism (OR 0.67, CI 0.54–0.83), major bleeding (OR 0.62, CI 0.54–0.72), and composite outcome (OR 0.72, CI 0.63–0.81).ConclusionBased on the findings from this meta‐analysis, DOACs demonstrate superior safety and efficacy in obese patients with AF compared with VKAs. These results may have significant implications for guiding anticoagulation strategies in this patient population.
Potassium permanganate in treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Haghdoost Afrooz , Mobayen Mohammadreza , Baghi Iraj , Haghani‐Dogahe Zahra , Zarei Reza , Pirooz Amir , Balou Heydar Ali , Feizkhah Alireza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a severe complication in diabetes patients, often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality due to non‐healing. This study investigated the effectiveness of 5% topical potassium permanganate on these ulcers.MethodsA clinical trial was conducted on 23 patients with Wagner grade I and II DFU. Patients in the control group received standard treatment, while those in the intervention group also received 5% potassium permanganate topically. Data were recorded at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days for analysis.ResultsAmong 23 patients studied, 7 (30.4%) were male and 16 (43.7%) female, with an average age of 59 ± 4 years. Both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in wound size and infection over time (p < 0.001). The intervention group, however, had a more substantial reduction in wound size and infection rate (p < 0.05).ConclusionPotassium permanganate, when applied topically, is both well‐tolerated and effective in enhancing wound healing and reducing infection in DFU, suggesting its potential as a complementary treatment.