bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion characteristics in the Cu–Ti system
Authors: Lai Arijit , Bhanumurthy Karanam , Kale Gajanan Balaji , Kashyap Bhagwati Prasad 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The formation and growth of intermetallic compounds by diffusion reaction of Cu and Ti were investigated in the temperature range 720–860°C using bulk diffusion couples. Only four, out of the seven stable intermediate compounds of the Cu–Ti system, were formed in the diffusion reaction zone in the sequence CuTi, Cu4Ti, Cu4Ti3 and CuTi2. The activation energies required for the growth of these compounds were determined. The diffusion characteristics of Cu4Ti, CuTi and Cu4Ti3 and Cu(Ti) solid solution were evaluated. The activation energies for diffusion in these compounds were 192.2, 187.7 and 209.2 kJ mol−1 respectively, while in Cu(Ti), the activation energy increased linearly from 201.0 kJ mol−1 to 247.5 kJ mol−1 with increasing concentration of Ti, in the range 0.5–4.0 at.%. The impurity diffusion coefficient of Ti in Cu and its temperature dependence were also estimated. A correlation between the impurity diffusion parameters for several elements in Cu matrix has been established.
Effect of pH on structure, morphology and optical properties of nanosized cupric oxide prepared by a simple hydrolysis method
Authors: Gharagozlou Mehrnaz , Rahnama Ahmad 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A simple hydrolysis process has been developed to prepare nanosized cupric oxide using cupric acetate as a starting material. In addition, the effects of different pH values varying from 5 to 10 and ultrasonic irradiation on the structure, morphology and optical properties of nanosized CuO samples have been investigated. Samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns of samples were identical to the single-phase pure CuO with a monoclinic structure. Our results indicated that properties of samples had great dependence on the reaction pH and ultrasonic irradiation. The crystallite size increased with increasing the pH value from 5 to 10. The band gap of samples was estimated to be in the range of 2.0–2.9 eV, which is larger than the reported value for bulk CuO. Synthesized CuO samples with adjustable and controllable optical properties make the applicability of cupric oxide even more versatile.
Effect of sand blasting on structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Zr58.3Cu18.8Al14.6Ni8.3 bulk metallic glass
Authors: Tariq Naeem ul Haq , Awais Hasan Bin , Akhter Javaid Iqbal , Naeem Muhammad , Shahid Rub Nawaz 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the present work sand-blasting-induced structural, thermal, and mechanical effects were studied in Zr58.3Cu18.8Al14.6Ni8.3 bulk metallic glass. It was observed that sand blasting favors disordering of the atomic configuration, formation of free volume and evolution of multiple intersecting shear bands. As a result, considerable compressive plasticity was achieved in sand-blasted samples. It was also observed that in order to superimpose the effect of pre-straining and extra free volume for improving compressive plasticity, there exists a limit to both parameters.
High-temperature deformation behavior and thermal properties of an Ni30Co17Fe53 alloy
Authors: Lee Kwang Seok , Yoon Dong Hyun , Jung Joong Eun , Chang Young Won , Lee Jung Hwan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
High temperature deformation behavior of a Ni30Co17Fe53 alloy has been investigated by carrying out hot compression tests at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1150°C under strain rates between 10−5 and 1 s−1. Both the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the flow stress were found to be described by a hyperbolic sine function. Hot formability of this alloy was also estimated by constructing an empirical processing map based on a dynamic materials model, from which the region with high power dissipation efficiency was exhibited as a feasible combination of processing condition at around 1150°C and 10−2 s−1. Three different thermo-mechanical treatment processes were adopted for hot-forging to investigate its influence on microstructure and subsequent thermal expansion and thermal conductivity.
Effect of inhomogeneous size and shape of graphite particles on the in-plane electrical conductivity of PP/G/CB composites
Authors: Dweiri Radwan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In-plane electrical conductivity higher than 100 S cm−1 for composite bipolar plates is required in fuel cells. The effect of the conductive filler size and shape, as one important factor, on the conductivity of polypropylene/graphite/carbon black (PP/G/CB) composites is investigated in this study. The “as-received” G particles were sieved to different sizes; melt compounded with PP and CB, then compression moulded to plates for conductivity measurements. G particles have different size distributions and their morphology appear with irregular shapes. The intermediate G size and relatively narrow distribution (40–150 μm) shows the highest conductivity at 80 wt.% filler loading of about 88.6 S cm−1. The presence of small G particles between larger ones and the particle's point-to-point and surface-to-surface contacts are found to be important factors in determining the conductivity values. The flexural properties are still below the target and need to be improved.
The durability of fired brick incorporating textile factory waste ash and basaltic pumice
Authors: Binici Hanifi , Yardim Yavuz 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study investigates the durability of fired brick produced with additives of textile factories' waste ash and basaltic pumice. The effects of incorporating waste ash and basaltic pumice on durability and mechanical properties of the clay bricks were studied. Samples were produced with different ratios of the textile factories' waste ash and basaltic pumice added and at different fire temperatures of 700, 900, and 1050°C for 8 h. The bricks with additives were produced by adding equal amounts of textile factories' waste ash and basaltic pumice, separately and together, with rates of 5, 10 and 20 wt.%. The produced samples were kept one year in sodium sulphate and sodium nitrate and tested under freezing–unfreezing and drying–wetting conditions. Then compression strength and mass loss of the samples with and without additives were investigated. The test results were compared with standards and results obtained from control specimens. The results showed that incorporations up to 10 wt.% of textile factories' waste ash and basaltic pumice is beneficial to the fired brick. Both textile factories' waste ash and basaltic pumice were suitable additives and could be used for more durable clay brick production at 900°C fire temperature.
Diffusivities and atomic mobilities in Cu-rich fcc Al–Cu–Mn alloys
Authors: Yin Ming , Du Yong , Cui Senlin , Xu Honghui , Zhang Lijun , Liu Shuhong 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Via solid–solid diffusion couples, electron probe microanalysis and the Whittle and Green method, interdiffusivities in fcc Al–Cu–Mn alloys at 1123 K were measured. The reliability of the obtained diffusivities is validated by comparing the computed diffusivities with literature data plus constraints among the diffusivities. Through assessments of experimentally determined diffusion coefficients by means of a diffusion-controlled transformations simulation package, the atomic mobilities of Al, Cu, and Mn in fcc Al–Cu–Mn alloys are obtained. Comprehensive comparisons between the model-predicted and the experimental data indicate that the presently obtained atomic mobilities can reproduce most of the diffusivities, concentration profiles, and diffusion paths reasonably.
Characterization and catalytic behavior of CuO@SiO2 nanocomposites towards NO oxidation and N2O decomposition
Authors: Tohidi Seyed H. , Grigoryan Garnik L. , Derhambakhsh Maryam 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A distinct concentration of copper was embedded into silica matrix to form xerogel using Cu(NO3)2 · 3H2O as the copper source. The xerogel samples were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) by the sol–gel method. The new molar ratio of H2O/TEOS was determined to be 11.67. Also the necessary amount of trihydrated copper nitrate was added into the solution such that the concentration of the copper oxide in the final solution reached 10 wt.%. After ambient drying, the xerogel samples were heated to 100, 400, 600, 800, and 1000°C at a slow heating rate (50 K h−1). The structural properties were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, surface analysis and thermal program reduction methods at different temperatures. Finally, the catalytic behavior of nanocomposites was studied for nitrogen oxide (NO) oxidation and di-nitrogen oxide (N2O) decomposition reactions. The results present a systematic reactivity study of NO oxidation and N2O decomposition on the dispersed copper oxide nanocatalysts over silica supports in order to determine the ability of these materials to convert nitrogen oxide and di-nitrogen oxide into harmless species at different temperatures.
A physically based approach to model the incomplete bainitic transformation in high-Si steels
Authors: van Bohemen Stefan M. C. , Hanlon David N. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This paper describes an approach to simulate the incomplete bainitic transformation observed in high-Si steels. The model can capture the incomplete transformation when a simple procedure accounting for carbon enrichment in the remaining austenite is applied to calculate the change in the zero transformation temperature, which is a key parameter controlling the transformation kinetics. The carbon concentration in the remaining austenite is determined by the volume fraction of bainitic ferrite and the effective carbon concentration of the bainitic ferrite. Comparison with experimental data for Fe-0.3C-2.4Mn-1.8Si is made, which demonstrates that the isothermal kinetics of bainite formation in the range 370–480°C can be satisfactorily described with the model by using a single set of model parameters and only adjusting the carbon concentration of the bainitic ferrite. A good agreement is found between predicted final carbon contents of retained austenite and those measured using X-ray diffraction, which indicates that a plausible carbon dependency of the zero transformation temperature has been assumed in the calculations.
Self-assembling behavior and corrosion inhibition properties of TDPA films on differently structured surfaces of 2024 and 1060 aluminum alloys
Authors: Qu Jun-e , Wang Hai ren , Zhang Qiang , Yang Li-xia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of 1–tetradecylphosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers on the differently structured surfaces of 2024 and 1060 aluminum alloys were investigated by contact-angle measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The electrochemical experiments showed that a 4 h modification of 2024 and 1060 alloys resulted in a maximal inhibition efficiency. Independent of assembly time, the desorption of the tetradecylphosphonic acid molecules provoked by anodic polarization to a certain degree resulted in the acceleration of the anodic dissolution reaction. The inhibition of the self-assembled monolayers for the 1060 alloy was more prominent than for the 2024 alloy. This is consistent with the contact-angle values, supporting the conclusion that TDPA formed a more closely packed SAM on the surface of the 1060 alloy than of the 2024 alloy. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results directly revealed the inhibition effect of the monolayers on the primary corrosion stage of these two alloys.
Study of the mechanism of ductile-regime grinding of SiCp/Al composites using finite element simulation
Authors: Huang Shutao , Zhou Li , Yu Xiaolin , Xu Lifu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBased on indentation experiments under different loads, the mechanism of ductile-regime grinding of SiCp/Al composites has been investigated. The factors that influence the ductile-regime removal of SiC particles, such as tip radius of abrasive grains, intrusion depth, and volume fraction of SiC particles, have been analyzed by three-dimensional finite element simulation. The calculation results indicate that a sharp abrasive grain without tip radius cannot produce a plastic deformation region under the indenter and brittle fracture of the SiC particle takes place rather than ductile model of failure. The critical grinding depth of ductile-regime removal decreases with increasing tip radius of abrasive grains, but increases with decreasing SiC particle volume fraction.
Effects of sintering temperature on pore characterization and strength of porous cordierite–mullite ceramics by a pore-forming in-situ technique
Authors: Yan Wen , Luo Hao , Tong Jun , Li Nan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPorous cordierite–mullite ceramics with high strength were prepared by a pore-forming in-situ technique. The phase compositions, pore characteristics, and strength were investigated through X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and a microscopy measurement method. It is found that the sintering temperature strongly affects the formation of cordierite and mullite and the sintering, and thus changes the pore characteristics and strength. The formation of cordierite and mullite takes place on a large scale at 1430°C. The pore size distributions are bimodal in specimens sintered at 1370°C, 1400°C, and 1430°C, and mono-modal in a specimen sintered at 1450°C. The strength increases slightly when the sintering temperature increases from 1370°C to 1400°C, and increases significantly when the sintering temperature is increased to 1430°C. The most appropriate mode is a specimen sintered at 1430°C which has high cordierite (42 wt.%) and mullite content (53 wt.%), high apparent porosity (44%), high compressive strength (30.6 MPa) and a relatively homogeneous pore-size distribution.
Morphological study of SiC coating developed on 2D carbon composites using MTS precursor in a hot-wall vertical reactor
Authors: Venugopalan Ramani , Prakash Jyoti , Nuwad Jitendra , Pillai Chirakarumpil Gopalan Sivan , Tyagi Avesh Kumar , Dakshinamoorthy Sathiyamoorthy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSilicon carbide coating was developed using chemical vapor deposition on carbon substrate as a protective coating. The present studies were carried out with methyl trichlorosilane as the SiC precursor, at 1673 K along with hydrogen and argon as carrier gas using a high-temperature vertical graphite reactor. The SiC coatings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction for phase identification. Scanning electron microscopy analysis with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was also carried out for microstructure and elemental analysis. From the morphological study of different SiC deposits obtained at varying operating parameters it was observed that methyl trichlorosilane feed rate and hydrogen flow rate play a major role in deciding the nature of deposits and the argon percentage in the mixed gas also plays a vital role.
Sol–gel synthesis of Eu3+, Tb3+ co-doped Y2O3 scintillating nanopowders
Authors: Romo Felipe de Jesús Carrillo , Ramírez Ángel de Jesús Morales , Murillo Antonieta García , Hernández Margarita García , Vigueras David Jaramillo , Febles Vicente Garibay 
Published: March 2012

AbstractY2O3: Eu3+, Tb3+ nanopowders were prepared via the sol–gel process, using yttrium pentadionate, europium, terbium nitrates, and ethanol as precursors. After the sol evaporation at 100°C, the formed gel was annealed from 300 to 900°C for 15 min, and the obtained nanopowders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to characterize the microstructural behavior and the crystalline structure, which was determined as mainly cubic. The crystallite size varies from 8.6 to 30.9 nm, at 500 and 900°C, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy studies were carried out in order to analyze the microstructure and the size of crystallites. Three different Tb3+ atomic contents (0.005, 0.075, and 0.01 at.%) were used at a fixed Eu3+ level (2.5 at.%) with the aim of determining the relationship between the co-doping content and the scintillation intensity of the well-known 5Do→7F2 europium emission band at 611 nm. The results show that at higher Tb3+ contents, a quenching process occurs between Eu3+ and Tb3+; however, even with the lowest Tb3+ content (0.005 at.%), an increment on the scintillation light yield is observed compared with a Eu3+ monodoped sample.
Influence of the layer architecture of DLC coatings on their wear and corrosion resistance
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Bagcivan Nazlim , Theiß Sebastian , Weiß Raphael , Depner Udo , Troßmann Torsten , Ellermeier Jörg , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In this work, the influence of diamond-like carbon top layers deposited on two different types of layer architecture on wear and corrosion resistance is investigated. Physical vapour deposition coatings with a-C:H top layer of various thicknesses were deposited on plasma nitrided 42CrMo4 by reactive magnetron sputter ion plating. Beneath the top layer, an architecture with and without a-C interlayers was deposited. Investigations using potentiodynamic polarisaton testing in artificial seawater as well as an impact tribometer show that it is possible to protect low-alloy heat treatable steel from both corrosion and wear by using pre-treatment and an appropriate diamond-like carbon coating. Thicker a-C:H top layers as well as the addition of a-C interlayers resulted in an overall improvement in the coating behaviour.
Dynamic behavior of staggered triangular honeycomb cores under in-plane crushing loadings
Authors: Sun Deqiang , Zhang Weihong , Yu Jiang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA reliable finite element model was employed to investigate the effects of configuration parameters and impact velocity on the in-plane deformation mode and dynamic plateau stress of staggered triangular honeycomb cores at impact velocities 3–300 m s–1 under in-plane crushing loadings. At different impact velocities, ‘>’-, ‘<’-shaped, and ‘I’-shaped deformation modes appear in turn. The effects of configuration parameters on the deformation modes are discussed qualitatively. When all configuration parameters are kept constant, the mean in-plane dynamic plateau stress is proportional to the square of impact velocity; for a given impact velocity, the mean in-plane dynamic plateau stress is related to the ratio of cell-wall thickness to edge length by power laws and to the expanding angle by complicated curves. Mean in-plane dynamic plateau stresses are expressed by empirical equations in terms of configuration parameters and impact velocity based on our simulation results.
Creep modeling and creep life estimation of Gr.91
Authors: Abe Fujio 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The creep behavior and deciding factors for creep life have been investigated for Gr.91 in the temperature range between 450 and 725°C. The longest time to rupture was 68755 h. The creep life is inversely proportional to the minimum creep rate multiplied by the increase in creep rate by strain in the acceleration region for a wide range of test temperature and duration. The minimum creep rate depends on both the time to minimum creep rate and the strain to minimum creep rate. The strain to minimum creep rate decreases with decreasing stress, suggesting that the creep deformation in the transient region is significantly inhomogeneous at low stresses. The creep life is correlated with the creep deformation parameters in the transient region so that we can predict the creep life from a short-term creep test for up to the end of transient region, corresponding to less than 30% of the creep life, without any stress extrapolation.
Palliative hemispherotomy in children with bilateral seizure onset
Authors: Ciliberto Michael Anthony , Limbrick David , Powers Alexander , Titus Jeffrey B. , Munro Rebecca , Smyth Matthew D. 
Published: March 2012

Object
Intractable epilepsy is a significant burden on families and on the cognitive development and quality of life (QOL) of patients. Periinsular hemispherotomy (PIH) for medically intractable epilepsy can benefit patients who qualify for this procedure. The ideal hemispherotomy candidate has ipsilateral ictal and interictal epileptiform activity, unilateral MR imaging abnormalities, contralateral hemiplegia, and a normal contralateral hemisphere. However, certain patients present with a mixed picture of bilateral electroencephalography (EEG) findings and severe intractable epilepsy, prompting consideration of a more aggressive treatment approach. This report introduces the possibility of surgery for patients who normally would not meet criteria for this treatment modality.

Methods
In this retrospective chart review, the authors report on 7 patients with bilateral seizure onset noted on routine or video-EEG monitoring. A QOL phone questionnaire, based on the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy tool, was administered to a parent. The authors reviewed each patient's chart for surgical complications, changes in examination, QOL, limited neuropsychological outcomes, and seizure outcomes. They also investigated each chart for MR imaging and EEG findings as well as the patient's epilepsy clinic notes for seizure semiology and frequency.

Results
All patients enjoyed a decrease in seizure frequency and a subjective increase in QOL after PIH. Five patients (71%) achieved Engel Class I or II seizure control. The mean follow-up was 3.64 years (2–5.3 years). One patient is now off all antiseizure medication. No patient had a decrement in Full Scale IQ on postsurgical testing, and 2 (28.5%) of 7 individuals had increased adaptive and social functioning. Postsurgical examination changes included hemiplegia and homonymous hemianopia.

Conclusions
Hemispherotomy in patients with intractable epilepsy is generally reserved for individuals with unilateral epileptiform abnormalities or lesions on MR imaging. Seven patients in this study benefited from surgery despite bilateral seizure onset with improvement in seizure control and overall QOL. Thus, bilateral ictal onset does not necessarily preclude consideration for hemispherotomy in selected patients with severe medically refractory epilepsy.