bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Body Composition and Menstrual Dysfunction in Collegiate Dance Students
Authors: To W. W. K. , Wong M. W. N. , Chan K. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the relationship between body mass index, body fat composition and fat distribution and menstrual dysfunction in collegiate dancing students.Method: A total of 64 dancing students from a collegiate school of dancing were studied; through interview by a structured questionnaire to elicit details of menstrual history, and these were correlated to anthropometric measurements obtained by physical examination.Results: There were 22 ballerinas, 16 classic Chinese dancers, and 26 modern or theatrical dancers. Ten (15.6%) had oligomenorrhoea and 12 (18.7%) had amenorrhoea, with a slight, but statistically non‐significant preponderance of ballerinas in the amenorrhoeic group. There was no difference in the body mass index among the eumenorrhoeic, oligomenorrhoeic or amenorrhoeic group, but amenorrhoeic dancers had a significantly lower percentage of total body fat as calculated by a 4 site skinfold thickness formula when compared to eumenorrhoeic ones (15.72% vs 17.95%, p < 0.05). Amenorrhoeic dancers also had lower waist to hip (p < 0.001) and waist to thigh circumference ratios (p < 0.001), indicating that they had more feminine figures favoured aesthetically for dancers.Conclusion: The data suggests that estimation of percentage of body fat gave a better correlation to menstrual status than either weight or body mass index. Thus, proper nutritional advice based on such evaluation should be an essential component in treating menstrual dysfunction in these dancers.
Accident Compensation Reform
Authors: Craigie Rowen , Cumpston Richard , Sams Dennis 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of the article is to provide a survey of the major issues involved in the reform of accident Compensation schemes. The article outlines the economic and social pressures for reform of existing accident compensation schemes, discusses the major reform issues and raises the major challenges facing the reform process. The article focuses on the experience of the Victorian Government in developing and implementing its reform of workers compensation (Workcare) and on its proposed reform of the existing compulsory third party motor accidents scheme to illustrate the key issues.
The Economics and Financing of Hospitals in Australia
Authors: Palmer George R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Australian hospital industry is described and it is noted that the term ‘hospital’ is applied to a wide range of institutions. The main problems and issues associated with hospitals are discussed, including the lack of adequate methods of measuring their ‘products’ and of allocating funds to them. The role of the medical staff in influencing the ‘demand’ for hospital beds and in resource allocation is emphasised as a major influence on hospital behaviour. In a study of the determinants of the costs of Victorian public hospitals it was found that the complexity of the case‐mix as measured by diagnosis related groups (DRGs) was a major determinant of teaching hospital costs but not of those of other large hospitals. DRG‐based funding and costing of hospitals is recommended as a strategy for achieving increased efficiency.
Expert opinion and review article: The timing of comedone extraction in the treatment of premenstrual acne – a proposed therapeutic approach
Authors: Steventon K. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisThe face is the most exposed part of our body, and deterioration of facial appearance, through disease or ageing, causes psychological distress. Acne lesions and subsequent pigmentation changes contribute to the unevenness of skin colour that is detrimental to facial attractiveness and leads to rejection and stigmatization in our society. The purpose of this review is to look at the root causes of premenstrual acne and, for the first time ever, propose that the specific timing of treatment can, at least in part, resolve the acne lesions. We postulate that it is the timing of the manual extraction that matters in resolving premenstrual acne and that the effectiveness of this therapy could be improved. Based on the reviewed evidence, we propose that it is important to remove the comedones at the time of ovulation, prior to the reduction of the size of the sebaceous orifice and epidermal barrier function, to counteract the onset of increased sebum production, prevent blockage of the pores and subsequent bacterial colonization and inflammation. If performed successfully, the extraction may contribute to a reduction in inflamed acne lesions and thus benefit women by increasing their facial attractiveness, well‐being, social function and thereby decrease psychological stress.
Developmental regulation of glucose transporters GLUT3, GLUT4 and GLUT8 in the mouse cerebellar cortex
Authors: Gómez Olga , Ballester‐Lurbe Begoña , Poch Enric , Mesonero José E. , Terrado José 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGlucose uptake into the mammalian nervous system is mediated by the family of facilitative glucose transporter proteins (GLUT). In this work we investigate how the expression of the main neuronal glucose transporters (GLUT3, GLUT4 and GLUT8) is modified during cerebellar cortex maturation. Our results reveal that the levels of the three transporters increase during the postnatal development of the cerebellum. GLUT3 localizes in the growing molecular layer and in the internal granule cell layer. However, the external granule cell layer, Purkinje cell cytoplasm and cytoplasm of the other cerebellar cells lack GLUT3 expression. GLUT4 and GLUT8 have partially overlapping patterns, which are detected in the cytoplasm and dendrites of Purkinje cells, and also in the internal granule cell layer where GLUT8 displays a more diffuse pattern. The differential localization of the transporters suggests that they play different roles in the cerebellum, although GLUT4 and GLUT8 could also perform some compensatory or redundant functions. In addition, the increase in the levels and the area expressing the three transporters suggests that these roles become more important as development advances. Interestingly, the external granule cells, which have been shown to express the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2, express none of the three main neuronal GLUTs. However, when these cells migrate inwardly to differentiate in the internal granule cells, they begin to produce GLUT3, GLUT4 and GLUT8, suggesting that the maturation of the cerebellar granule cells involves a switch in their metabolism in such a way that they start using glucose as they mature.
Neuronal over‐expression of chromogranin A accelerates disease onset in a mouse model of ALS
Authors: Ezzi Samer Abou , Larivière Roxanne , Urushitani Makoto , Julien Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 1102–1111.AbstractRecent studies provided evidence that chromogranins can interact with mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and that chromogranin B (CgB) may act as a susceptibility gene and modifier of onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To further investigate the role of chromogranins in ALS pathogenesis, we generated SOD1G37R mice that over‐express CgA under the control of Thy1 promoter. Here, we report that neuronal over‐expression of CgA in SOD1G37R mice caused acceleration of onset of motor impairment and exacerbation of motor neuron degeneration. The use of monoclonal antibody specific to misfolded mutant SOD1 demonstrated a higher level of misfolded SOD1 species in double transgenic mice compared to SOD1G37R mice, suggesting a stabilization of pathogenic SOD1 species by excess CgA. These results suggest a role of chromogranins as modulators of disease onset in ALS pathogenesis.
Are current disease‐modifying therapeutics in multiple sclerosis justified on the basis of studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis?
Authors: Farooqi Nasr , Gran Bruno , Constantinescu Cris S. 
Published: August 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 115, 829–844.AbstractThe precise aetio‐pathology of multiple sclerosis remains elusive. However, important recent advances have been made and several therapies have been licensed for clinical use. Many of these were developed, validated or tested in the animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This systematic review aims to assess whether the current disease modifying treatments and those that are the closest to the clinic are justified on the basis of the results of EAE studies. We discuss some aspects of the utility and caveats of EAE as a model for multiple sclerosis drug development.
Negative regulation of stress‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 by Sirt1 in skin tissue
Authors: Lee Ji‐Seon , Park Keung‐Young , Min Hyung‐Geun , Lee Seung Jae , Kim Jin‐Ju , Choi Joon‐Seok , Kim Won‐Serk , Cha Hyuk‐Jin 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Negative regulation of stress‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 by Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in skin tissue. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1060–1066.Abstract:  Solar ultra‐violet (UV) radiation and the ensuing photo‐damage are adverse factors affecting human skin directly exposed to the sun. Stress responses induced by UV radiation (UVR) elicit premature skin ageing (photoageing), resulting in extensive damage to dermal connective tissue. Disruption of the normal dermal structure of skin connective tissue, primarily collagen, impairs a variety of skin functions and is considered to be the main cause of wrinkle formation. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) may be responsible for the degradation of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, which are major targets for relieving skin photoageing. Herein, we demonstrated that Sirt1, a putative anti‐ageing enzyme, reduced MMP‐9 transcriptional expression in skin. The known agonists of Sirt1, resveratrol and metformin, also significantly inhibited MMP‐9 expression and appeared to protect collagen from degradation after UVR. These studies suggest that the Sirt1 activator could be used as a novel therapeutic agent to delay skin photoageing.
Testosterone and Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Monami Matteo , Rastrelli Giulia , Aversa Antonio , Tishova Yuliya , Saad Farid , Lenzi Andrea , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is often associated with male hypogonadism. Despite the well-known link, the role of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in MetS has not been completely clarified.

Aim
To systematically analyse the relationship between androgen levels and MetS we performed a review and meta-analyses of available prospective and cross-sectional studies. In addition, a specific meta-analysis on the metabolic effects of TRT in available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was also performed.

Methods
An extensive Medline search was performed including the following words “testosterone,” “metabolic syndrome,” and “males”.

Main Outcome Measures
Out of 323 retrieved articles, 302 articles were excluded for different reasons. Among the 20 published studies included, 13, 3, and 4 were cross-sectional, longitudinal, and RCTs, respectively. Another unpublished RCT was retrieved on http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Results
MetS patients showed significantly lower T plasma levels, as compared with healthy individuals. Similar results were obtained when MetS subjects with and without erectile dysfunction were analyzed separately or when NCEP-ATPIII MetS criteria were compared with other definitions. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increased the MetS-associated T fall. In a multiple regression model, after adjusting for age and BMI, both T2DM and MetS independently predicted low testosterone (adj. r = −0.752; P &lt; 0.001 and −0.271; P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Analysis of longitudinal studies demonstrated that baseline testosterone was significantly lower among patients with incident MetS in comparison with controls (2.17 [−2.41;−1.94] nmol/L; P &lt; 0.0001). Combining the results of RCTs, TRT was associated with a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose, homeostatic model assessment index, triglycerides, and waist circumference. In addition, an increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also observed.

Conclusions
The meta-analysis of the available cross-sectional data suggests that MetS can be considered an independent association of male hypogonadism. Although only few RCTs have been reported, TRT seems to improve metabolic control, as well as central obesity.
Sexual Rehabilitation and Penile Pain Associated with Intracavernous Alprostadil After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Yiou René , Cunin Patrick , de la Taille Alexandre , Salomon Laurent , Binhas Michele , Lingombet Odile , Paul Murielle , Abbou Claude 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Intracavernous alprostadil injection (IAI) is widely used for sexual rehabilitation (SR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, the rate of spontaneous erection recovery with IAI remains unclear, and IAI causes pain that may hinder SR.

Aims
To assess SR in IAI users after RP and to evaluate the course and impact on SR of postinjection penile pain.

Methods
We prospectively studied 87 patients who underwent nerve-sparing laparoscopic RP, reported normal preoperative erectile function, and used IAI for 12 months. Patients started with 2.5 µg alprostadil and were advised to increase the dose gradually until erection hardness allowed vaginal penetration.

Main Outcome Measures
At 6 and 12 months, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) and Erection Hardness Score (EHS) were determined with and without IAI, and injection-related penile pain was assessed using a numeric rating scale. Correlations linking penile pain, IIEF-15, and EHS scores were evaluated.

Results
The mean alprostadil dose was 8.1 µg after 6 months and 9.9 µg after 12 months. With/without IAI, mean IIEF-15 scores for erectile and orgasmic function and mean EHS score were 14.6/4.6, 4.1/2.1, and 2.5/0.4, respectively, after 6 months; and 17.2/5.4, 4.9/2.6, and 2.7/0.9 after 12 months. Pain scores were 3.2 ± 2.5/10 and 2.5 ± 2.5/10 after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Pain intensity correlated with erectile function (r = −0.23), intercourse satisfaction (r = −0.23), and overall satisfaction (r = −0.24) after 6 months but not after 12 months. Follow-up was short and only patients who used IAI for 12 months were included.

Conclusions
In patients who were willing and able to use IAI, erectile function improved after 1 year but remained below preoperative levels. The adverse impact of pain on SR was significant during the first 6 months and diminished over time. These data may help to counsel IAI users with painful erections.
The α,5‐Dicarboxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl Caging Group, a Tool for Biophysical Applications with Improved Hydrophilicity: Synthesis, Photochemical Properties and Biological Characterization
Authors: Schaper Klaus , Madani Mobarekeh Sayed Abdollah , Doro Peter , Maydt Daniela 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEarlier we reported on the synthesis of α,4‐dicarboxy‐2‐nitrobenyzl caged compounds (Schaper, K. et al. [2002] Eur. J. Org. Chem., 1037–1046). These compounds have the advantage of an increased hydrophilicity compared with the well‐established α‐carboxy‐2‐nitrobenzyl caged compounds; however, the release of the active compound becomes slower due to the introduction of the additional carboxy group. Based upon theoretical calculations we predicted that the release would become faster when the additional carboxy group is moved to the 5‐position. Here we describe the synthesis and the photochemical and biological characterization of an α,5‐dicarboxy‐2‐nitrobenyzl caged compound. The high hydrophilicity of the new caging group is maintained due to the fact that the additional carboxy moiety is preserved, while the release of the active species from the new derivative is even faster than for the reference, an α‐CNB caged compound.
Design of iterative ROI transmission tomography reconstruction procedures and image quality analysis
Authors: Hamelin Benoit , Goussard Yves , Dussault Jean‐Pierre , Cloutier Guy , Beaudoin Gilles , Soulez Gilles 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:An iterative edge‐preserving CT reconstruction algorithm for high‐resolution imaging of small regions of the field of view is investigated. It belongs to a family of region‐of‐interest reconstruction techniques in which a low‐cost pilot reconstruction of the whole field of view is first performed and then used to deduce the contribution of the region of interest to the projection data. These projections are used for a high‐resolution reconstruction of the region of interest (ROI) using a regularized iterative algorithm, resulting in significant computational savings. This paper examines how the technique by which the pilot reconstruction of the full field of view is obtained affects the total runtime and the image quality in the region of interest.Methods:Previous contributions to the literature have each focused on a single approach for the pilot reconstruction. In this paper, two such approaches are compared: the filtered backprojection and a low‐resolution regularized iterative reconstruction method. ROI reconstructions are compared in terms of image quality and computational cost over simulated and physical phantom (Catphan600©) studies, in order to assess the compromises that most impact the quality of the ROI reconstruction.Results:With the simulated phantom, new artifacts that appear in the ROI images are caused by significant errors in the pilot reconstruction. These errors include excessive coarseness of the pilot image grid and beam‐hardening artifacts. With the Catphan600 phantom, differences in the imaging model of the scanner and that of the iterative reconstruction algorithm cause dark border artifacts in the ROI images.Conclusions:Inexpensive pilot reconstruction techniques (analytical algorithms, very‐coarse‐grid penalized likelihood) are practical choices in many common cases. However, they may yield background images altered by edge degradation or beam hardening, inducing projection inconsistency in the data used for ROI reconstruction. The ROI images thus have significant streak and speckle artifacts, which adversely affect the resolution‐to‐noise compromise. In these cases, edge‐preserving penalized‐likelihood methods on not‐too‐coarse image grids prove to be more robust and provide the best ROI image quality.
Automated registration of diagnostic to prediagnostic x‐ray mammograms: Evaluation and comparison to radiologists’ accuracy
Authors: Pinto Pereira Snehal M. , Hipwell John H. , McCormack Valerie A. , Tanner Christine , Moss Sue M. , Wilkinson Louise S. , Khoo Lisanne A. L. , Pagliari Catriona , Skippage Pippa L. , Kliger Carole J. , Hawkes David J. , dos Santos Silva Isabel M. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:To compare and evaluate intensity‐based registration methods for computation of serial x‐ray mammogram correspondence.Methods:X‐ray mammograms were simulated from MRIs of 20 women using finite element methods for modeling breast compressions and employing a MRI/x‐ray appearance change model. The parameter configurations of three registration methods, affine, fluid, and free‐form deformation (FFD), were optimized for registering x‐ray mammograms on these simulated images. Five mammography film readers independently identified landmarks (tumor, nipple, and usually two other normal features) on pairs of diagnostic and corresponding prediagnostic digitized images from 52 breast cancer cases. Landmarks were independently reidentified by each reader. Target registration errors were calculated to compare the three registration methods using the reader landmarks as a gold standard. Data were analyzed using multilevel methods.Results:Between‐reader variability varied with landmark and screen , with between‐reader mean distance (mm) in point location on the diagnostic/prediagnostic images of 2.50 (95% CI 1.95, 3.15)/2.84 (2.24, 3.55) for nipples and 4.26 (3.43, 5.24)/4.76 (3.85, 5.84) for tumors. Registration accuracy was sensitive to the type of landmark and the amount of breast density. For dense breasts , the affine and fluid methods outperformed FFD. For breasts with lower density, the affine registration surpassed both fluid and FFD. Mean accuracy (mm) of the affine registration varied between 3.16 (95% CI 2.56, 3.90) for nipple points in breasts with density 20%–39% and 5.73 (4.80, 6.84) for tumor points in breasts with density .Conclusions:Affine registration accuracy was comparable to that between independent film readers. More advanced two‐dimensional nonrigid registration algorithms were incapable of increasing the accuracy of image alignment when compared to affine registration.
Optimization in hyperthermia treatment planning: The impact of tissue perfusion uncertainty
Authors: de Greef M. , Kok H. P. , Correia D. , Bel A. , Crezee J. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose:Hyperthermia treatment planning (HTP) potentially provides a valuable tool for monitoring and optimization of treatment. However, one of the major problems in HTP is that different sources of uncertainty degrade its reliability. Perfusion uncertainty is one of the largest uncertainties and hence there is an ongoing debate whether optimization should be limited to power‐based strategies. In this study a systematic analysis is carried out addressing this question.Methods:The influence of perfusion uncertainty on optimization was analyzed for five patients with cervix uteri carcinoma heated with the AMC‐8 70 MHz phased‐array waveguide system. The effect of variations (up to ±50%) in both the muscle and tumor perfusion level was investigated. For every patient, reference solutions were calculated using constrained temperature‐based optimization for 25 different and known perfusion distributions. Reference solutions were compared to those found by temperature‐based optimization using standard perfusion values and four SAR‐based optimization methods. The effect of heterogeneity was investigated by creating perfusion distributions for different levels of local variation (±25% and ±50%) and scale (1 and 2 cm). Here the performance of the temperature‐based optimization method was compared to a SAR‐based method that showed good performance in the previous analysis.Results:Solutions found with temperature‐based optimization using a deviating perfusion distribution during optimization were found within from the true optimum. For the SAR‐based methods, deviations up to were found. The spread found in these deviations was comparable, typically . When applying intramuscle variation to the perfusion, temperature‐based optimization proved to be the best strategy in 95% of the evaluated cases applying ±50% local variation.Conclusions:Temperature‐based optimization proves to be superior to SAR‐based optimization both under variation of perfusion level as well as under the application of intratissue variation. The spread in achieved temperatures is comparable. These results are valid under the assumption of constant perfusion at hyperthermic levels. Although similar results are expected from models including thermoregulation, additional analysis is required to confirm this. In view of uncertainty in tissue perfusion and other modeling uncertainties, the authors propose feedback guided temperature‐based optimization as the best candidate to improve thermal dose delivery during hyperthermia treatment.