bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Dysfunction Induced by AGE is Mediated by VEGF via Mechanisms Involving Reactive Oxygen Species, Guanylate Cyclase, and Protein Kinase C
Authors: IDO YASUO , CHANG KATHERINE C. , LEJEUNE WANDA S. , BJERCKE ROBERT J. , REISER KAREN M. , WILLIAMSON JOSEPH R. , TILTON RONALD G. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: These experiments were designed to elucidate mechanisms mediating vascular dysfunction induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs).Methods: Skin chambers were mounted on the backs of Sprague‐Dawley rats and 1 week later, granulation tissue that formed in the bottom of the chamber was exposed twice daily for 7 days to glycated rat serum albumin in the presence and absence of inhibitors of reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase, protein kinase C (PKC), and a neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody. Vascular 125I‐albumin clearance and blood flow were quantified by use of a double isotope‐dilution technique and radiolabeled microspheres, respectively.Results: Albumin permeation and blood flow were increased dose‐dependently to a maximum of 2 to 3 times controls by increasing the extent of glucose modification, the concentration, or the duration of exposure to glycated albumin. These increases were significantly attenuated by probucol and superoxide dismutase; NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine‐methyl ester (l‐NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; LY83583, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor; and LY333531, a β‐isoform‐selective protein kinase C inhibitor. A neutralizing VEGF monoclonal antibody also markedly attenuated the permeability and blood flow increases induced by glycated albumin.Conclusions: These observations indicate potentially important roles for oxygen free‐radicals and nitric oxide in mediating permeability and blood flow changes induced by glycated proteins via mechanisms involving increased protein kinase C activity and VEGF production. Striking similarities in the mechanism by which hyperglycemia and glycated proteins induce vascular dysfunction suggest that a common pathway mediates effects of these different metabolic imbalances on vascular dysfunction.
Mediation of EDHF‐Induced Reduction of Smooth Muscle [Ca2+]iand Arteriolar Dilation by K+Channels, 5,6‐EET, and Gap Junctions
Authors: UNGVARI ZOLTAN , KOLLER AKOS 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To characterize the role of K+channels, the cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) metabolite 5,6‐EET, and gap junctions in modulation of arteriolar myogenic tone by a non‐nitric oxide nonprostaglandin mediator, termed “endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarizing factor” (EDHF), released to acetylcholine (ACh) in skeletal muscle arterioles.Methods: In isolated rat gracilis arterioles, simultaneous changes in smooth muscle (aSM) [Ca2+]i(assessed by changes in fura‐2 ratiometric signal, RCa) and diameter were measured in response to ACh in the presence of indomethacin andl‐NAME.Results: ACh, the KATPchannel opener pinacidil, and the Ca2+channel inhibitor verapamil elicited comparable decreases in aSM [Ca2+]i(max.: −32 ± 3%, 29 ± 3%, and −30 ± 3%, respectively) and arteriolar dilations (max.: 90 ± 4%, 96 ± 2%, and 95 ± 2%, respectively). ACh‐induced responses were inhibited by KCl‐depolarization, KCachannel blockers (TEA, charybdotoxin), or gap junction inhibitors (18α‐glycyrrhetinic acid, hyperosmolar sucrose). The KATPchannel inhibitor glibenclamide, the KIRchannel inhibitor barium chloride, or the CYP inhibitor 17‐octadecynoic acid (ODYA) were without effect. The putative EDHF analogue 5,6‐EET elicited constrictions in the presence of the endothelium that could be prevented by indomethacin or a TxA2receptor antagonist, whereas in the absence of the endothelium, EDHF elicited only small, charybdotoxin‐insensitive decreases in aSM RCaand dilations (max.: −8 ± 2% and 27 ± 4%, respectively).Conclusions: In skeletal muscle arterioles, EDHF 1) substantially and rapidly reduces myogenic tone by decreasing aSM [Ca2+]ivia opening KCachannels, 2) it is unlikely to be 5,6‐EET or other CYP metabolites, but 3) requires functional gap junctions.
Immunological Basis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of the Microcirculation
Authors: LAROUX F. STEPHEN , GRISHAM MATTHEW B. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine and/or colon of unknown etiology in which patients suffer from severe diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss. Active episodes of IBD are characterized by vasodilation, venocongestion, edema, infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory cells, and erosions and ulcerations of the bowel. It is becoming increasingly apparent that chronic gut inflammation may result from a dysregulated immune response toward components of the normal intestinal flora, resulting in a sustained overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators. Many of these Th1 and macrophage‐derived cytokines and lipid metabolites are known to activate microvascular endothelial cells, thereby promoting leukocyte recruitment into the intestinal interstitium. This review discusses the basic immune mechanisms involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the gut and describes how a breakdown in this protective response initiates chronic gut inflammation.
Expression and Functional Significance of Adhesion Molecules on Cultured Endothelial Cells in Response to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: PRABHAKARPANDIAN BALABHASKAR , GOETZ DOUGLAS J. , SWERLICK ROBERT A. , CHEN XIN , KIANI MOHAMMAD F. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Upregulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells following irradiation has been shown, but the functional significance of this upregulation in various endothelial cell lines is not clear. We have developed an in vitro flow model to study the functional consequences of the radiation‐induced upregulation of E‐selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1).Methods: Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), or transformed human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC‐1) were grown in 35‐mm dishes and irradiated with a single dose of 10 Gy. HL‐60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells were perfused over the irradiated endothelial cells in a parallel plate flow chamber at shear stress ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 dynes/cm2. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the expression of E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 on the various endothelial cells.Results: Flow cytomeric analysis revealed an upregulation of ICAM‐1 expression on all three cell types postirradiation (post‐IR), and an upregulation of E‐selectin expression only on HDMEC post‐IR. E‐selectin expression was detected on control HDMEC, but at a lower level than that detected on post‐IR HDMEC. Flow assays revealed a significant increase in the number of rolling and firmly adherent HL‐60 cells on post‐IR HDMEC at shear stress ≤1.5 dynes/cm2; pretreatment of control and irradiated HDMEC with antibodies to E‐selectin and ICAM‐1 significantly diminished the number of rolling and firmly adherent HL‐60 cells, respectively. No rolling or firm adhesion of HL‐60 cells was observed on HUVEC or HMEC‐1 monolayers post‐IR.Conclusion: These findings suggest that ICAM‐1 is upregulated on irradiated HDMEC, HUVEC, and HMEC‐1. E‐selectin is upregulated to a functional level only on irradiated HDMEC, and not on irradiated HUVEC or HMEC‐1.
What's New in the Cerebral Microcirculation?
Authors: HEISTAD DONALD D. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThe first part of this paper focuses on unusual aspects of the cerebral circulation. Cerebral vessels have less smooth muscle and adventitia than other vessels, and the endothelial blood‐brain barrier is unique. Because the wall of the arteries is thin, one might expect that the vessels are especially vulnerable to rupture. Pressure in intracranial arteries, however, is lower than in other arteries, because resistance of larger cerebral arteries is remarkably high. The low pressure in cerebral arteries presumably protects against rupture of the vessels. The second part of the paper summarizes some new insights into regulation of cerebral circulation. One concept is that “breakthrough” of autoregulation, with dilatation of cerebral vessels at high levels of pressure, is an active process, rather than a passive phenomenon. This conclusion is based on the finding that inhibitors of calcium‐dependent potassium channels greatly attenuate the cerebral vasodilator response during acute hypertension. The third part of the paper focuses on effects of gene transfer to cerebral blood vessels. Gene transfer to intracranial and extracranial vessels is feasible and vasomotor function can be altered. Gene transfer has proven to be useful to study vascular biology, and we are optimistic that the approach will ultimately lead to gene therapy.
Reciprocal Regulation of Endothelial Substrate Adhesion and Barrier Function
Authors: ALEXANDER J. STEVEN , ZHU YANAN , ELROD JOHN W. , ALEXANDER BRETT , COE LAURA , KALOGERIS T.J. , FUSELER JOHN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine how cell‐substrate adhesion is regulated during barrier changes produced by exposure to inflammatory mediators.Methods: Lung microvascular endothelial monolayers were treated with test agents ± blockers, and barrier was measured by transendothelial resistance; cell‐substrate adhesion was assessed by surface area conservation after trypsin treatment of monolayers. Protein phosphorylation and distribution were assayed by immunoblotting and fluorescent microscopy, respectively.Results: H2O2, histamine, bradykinin, and thrombin, decreased endothelial barrier function, and enhanced adhesion to the substratum. H2O2 enhanced cell adhesion to the substrate in a concentration (0–1 mM)‐ and time (0–60 minutes)‐ dependent fashion. This effect of H2O2 reversed within 120 minutes of removal of H2O2 and was blocked by the mean arterial pressure (MAP) kinase inhibitor, PD98059 and by chelating cytoplasmic Ca2+ but not PKC or PKG inhibition. H2O2 also stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins and increased the association of the focal adhesive proteins paxillin, talin, and vinculin with the cytoskeleton and may promote localization of these proteins to junctions.Conclusions: Our data indicate that inflammatory mediators reduce cell‐cell contact, contributing to reduced solute barrier and simultaneously enhanced substrate binding, which may be reciprocal events in barrier regulation in vitro and in vivo.
C1‐Esterase‐Inhibitor Treatment at Early Reperfusion of Hemorrhagic Shock Reduces Mesentery Leukocyte Adhesion and Rolling
Authors: HORSTICK GEORG , KEMPF TIBOR , LAUTERBACH MICHAEL , BHAKDI SUCHARIT , KOPACZ LAZLO , HEIMANN AXEL , MALZAHN MICHAEL , HORSTICK MARINA , MEYER JÜRGEN , KEMPSKI OLIVER 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Complement activation probably plays a pathogenic role in multiple organ failure in shock. This study evaluates the effects of C1‐esterase‐inhibitor treatment on leukocyte‐endothelial interaction in the mesenteric microcirculation in hemorrhagic shock.Methods: Rats underwent median laparotomy and exteriorization of an ileal loop for intravital microscopy of the mesenteric microcirculation. Volume controlled hemorrhagic shock was provoked by arterial blood withdrawal (2.5 mL/100 g body wt. for 60 minutes) followed by a 4‐hour reperfusion period. C1‐INH (100 IU/kg body wt. i.v.) or 0.9% NaCl i.v. were administered as a bolus at the beginning of reperfusion. Reperfusion time mimicked a “pre‐hospital” phase of 30 minutes followed by a quasi “in‐hospital” phase of 3.5 hours. The “in‐hospital” phase was initiated by substitution of blood followed by fluid resuscitation with normal saline.Results: Application of C1‐INH markedly reduced rolling and adherent leukocytes to numbers approaching baseline values. Vmax and shear rate of the mesenteric microcirculation improved in both groups after reperfusion with a trend to higher values in the C1‐INH group (n.s.p= 0.08).Conclusion: C1‐INH applied in a bolus dose of 100 IU/kg body wt. i.v. abrogated enhanced leukocyte adhesion and rolling in the mesenteric microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock. Single bolus treatment with a complement inhibitor may provide clinical benefit when applied at an early stage of reperfusion during hemorrhagic shock.
Differential Effect of Cytochrome P‐450 ω‐Hydroxylase Inhibition on O2‐Induced Constriction of Arterioles in SHR With Early and Established Hypertension
Authors: KUNERT MARY PAT , ROMAN RICHARD J. , FALCK JOHN R. , LOMBARD JULIAN H. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine whether two structurally and mechanistically different inhibitors of cytochrome P‐450 ω‐hydroxylase would alter the enhanced vasoconstrictor response to elevated PO2in arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Cytochrome P‐450 ω‐hydroxylases, which catalyze the formation of the vasoconstrictor 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid from arachidonic acid, have been proposed to serve as microvascular O2sensors.Methods: Arteriolar diameters were measured in thein situcremaster muscle of 4‐ to 6‐ and 12‐ to 16‐week‐old SHR and normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) controls during superfusion with physiological salt solution (PSS) equilibrated with 0% O2and 21% O2before and after P‐450 enzyme inhibition.Results: The P‐450 ω‐hydroxylase inhibitors 17‐octadecynoic acid (17‐ODYA) and N‐methylsulfonyl‐12, 12‐dibromododec‐11‐enamide (DDMS) significantly reduced O2‐induced constriction of arterioles of 12‐ to 16‐week‐old SHR and WKY and eliminated the difference in the response between the two groups. In contrast, both enzyme inhibitors attenuated the O2‐induced constriction of arterioles in the younger WKY, but not in the 4‐ to 6‐week‐old SHR.Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that cytochrome P‐450 4A may act as an O2sensor in the skeletal muscle microcirculation and suggest that 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid plays an important role in the enhanced response to elevated PO2in the SHR with established hypertension. Other mechanisms seem to contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of arterioles to elevated PO2in young SHR during the early development of hypertension.
Induction concurrent chemoradiotherapy compared with induction radiotherapy for superior sulcus non‐small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: LI Jian , DAI Chun‐Hua , SHI Shun‐Bing , BAO Qian‐Lei , YU Li‐Chao , WU Jian‐Rong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim: To evaluate the efficacy of current chemoradiotherapy on improvement of survival in patients with superior sulcus non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 39 patients with superior sulcus NSCLC treated with induction therapy followed surgery. The patients were divided into two groups according to the induction approach: the induction radiotherapy (RT) group (1993–1999), and the induction chemoradiotherapy (CT/RT) group (since 1999).Results: The rate of complete resection was 65 percent in the RT group (n = 17) compared with 91 percent in the CT/RT group (n = 22,P = 0.024). Complete pathological responses from induction therapy were 12 percent in the RT group and 45 percent in the CT/RT group (P = 0.032). Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients who received CT/RT than that in those who received RT, with 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates of 77.3 percent and 36.4 percent versus 41.2 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively (P = 0.007). CT/RT also associated with a markedly longer tumor‐free survival (TFS), with a median TFS of 40 and 17 months, respectively (P = 0.007). Patients achieved complete resection or complete pathological response had a significantly better survival than those with incomplete resection or pathological partial responses and no change (P < 0.0005 andP = 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Our results indicate that CT/RT followed by surgery can significantly improve OS and TFS, and may be considered as an optimal option in treatment of patients with superior sulcus NSCLC.
Promoting Positive Developmental Outcomes in Sexual Minority Youth Through Best Practices in Clinic–School Consultation
Authors: Hirsch Amanda J. , Carlson John S. , Crowl Alicia L. 
Published: January 2010

TOPIC:  Educational and healthcare service delivery systems play an important role within the lives of sexual minority youth.PURPOSE:  To provide justification and recommendations for improving the coordination and collaboration of school‐based mental health professionals and child and adolescent psychiatric nurses via presentation of a set of consultation best practices.SOURCES:  Multidisciplinary literature specific to sexual minority youth, school climate, clinical experience, and consultation practices.CONCLUSION:  Nurses are in a position to advocate for and provide education about sexual minority youth in schools and to provide direct support to this population. By creating collaborative relationships across clinics and schools, information and expertise can be shared and applied to affect change and lead to positive outcomes for all students.
Simulated versus observed UV emission at high redshift: a hint for a clumpy interstellar medium?
Authors: Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Knollmann Steffen R. , Khalatyan Arman , Cuesta Antonio J. , Prada Francisco 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We discuss the rest-frame UV emission between 5 &lt; z &lt; 7 from the MareNostrum High-z Universe, an smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation done with more than 2 billion particles. Cosmological simulations of galaxy formation generally overpredict the UV rest-frame luminosity function at high redshift, both at the bright and faint ends. In this Letter, we explore a dust attenuation model where a larger extinction is applied to star populations younger than a given age, mimicking the effect of a clumpy interstellar medium. We show that this scenario fits reasonably well both the UV luminosity functions and the UV continuum slopes derived from observations. The model assumes a large obscuration for stars younger than 25 Myr from the gas clouds where they should be embedded at their formation time. We find that the optical depth in these clouds should be between 30 and 100 times larger than the mean optical depth for the homogeneous part of the interstellar medium. These values are one order of magnitude larger than those estimated in local galaxies. Therefore, we conclude that Λ cold dark matter predictions for the high-z UV emission can accommodate the current observations if we consider a dust extinction model based on the assumption of a clumpy environment at high redshift.
NGC 300 X-1 is a Wolf-Rayet/black hole binary
Authors: Crowther P. A. , Barnard R. , Carpano S. , Clark J. S. , Dhillon V. S. , Pollock A. M. T. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We present Very Large Telescope/FORS2 time-series spectroscopy of the Wolf–Rayet (WR) star #41 in the Sculptor group galaxy NGC 300. We confirm a physical association with NGC 300 X-1, since radial velocity variations of the He iiλ4686 line indicate an orbital period of 32.3 ± 0.2 h which agrees at the 2σ level with the X-ray period from Carpano et al. We measure a radial velocity semi-amplitude of 267 ± 8 km s−1, from which a mass function of 2.6 ± 0.3 M⊙ is obtained. A revised spectroscopic mass for the WN-type companion of 26+7−5 M⊙ yields a black hole mass of 20 ± 4 M⊙ for a preferred inclination of 60°–75°. If the WR star provides half of the measured visual continuum flux, a reduced WR (black hole) mass of 15+4−2.5 M⊙ (14.5+3−2.5 M⊙) would be inferred. As such, #41/NGC 300 X-1 represents only the second extragalactic WR plus black hole binary system, after IC 10 X-1. In addition, the compact object responsible for NGC 300 X-1 is the second highest stellar-mass black hole known to date, exceeded only by IC 10 X-1.
First report on C‐banding and fluorescent banding in species of Dieuches (Rhyparochrominae: Lygaeidae: Heteroptera)
Authors: KAUR Harbhajan , SUMAN Vikas , KAUR Rajdeep 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough the karyotypes of twelve species of Dieuches Dohrn, 1860 belonging to Rhyparochrominae have been described so far, there is no information about heterochromatin and its characterization in terms of base composition for any of the species. In the present paper, C‐banding and fluorescent banding have been applied for the first time to three species of Dieuches: D. uniguttatus, D. insignis (2n = 12 = 8A + 2m + XY) and D. coloratus (2n = 14 = 10A + 2m + XY). Dieuches uniguttatus and D. insignis show distinct terminal C‐bands along with a few interstitial bands in all the autosomal bivalents, whereas in D. coloratus, one autosomal pair is almost completely heterochromatic, three show C‐positive bands while one is totally euchromatic. The sex chromosomes too show heterogeneity in distribution of C‐heterochromatin among three Dieuches species. Characterization of heterochromatin in D. uniguttatus and D. insignis using DAPI/CMA3 staining reveals that in D. uniguttatus, C‐ heterochromatin blocks of all the autosomal bivalents, which are predominantly A–T rich, whereas in D. insignis, these are rich both in A–T and G–C. In D. uniguttatus, sex chromosomes X and Y have localized G–C rich regions whereas in D. insignis, these are scattered in X and absent in Y. As variations in the heterochromatin represent the main source of karyological differentiation among and within species, it seems that there occurred extensive redistribution of heterochromatin within the complement as the three species evolved. There is need for cytological details of more species to understand evolutionary aspects in the genus Dieuches.
Behavioral response of female Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to different plant part extracts of African marigold Tagetes erecta (L.)
Authors: SENI Atanu , DILAWARI Vinod K. , GUPTA Virash K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe flowering stage of African marigold Tagetes erecta (L.) was the most preferred for oviposition by Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The lower sides of leaf margins received more eggs compared to buds, stem tip and flowers. Olfactometer studies revealed that more female moths were attracted towards the flower extracts, followed by leaf, bud and stem tip extracts of African marigold. The thin layer chromatography analysis of these extracts showed a blend of compounds including careen, ocimene, methyl benzoate, phenyl acetaldehyde and phenyl ethanol. Attempts have been made to correlate insect behavior with the presence of these compounds.
Review of family Lucanidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Korea with the description of one new species
Authors: KIM Sang Il , KIM Jin Ill 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper provides a review of the family Lucanidae in Korea, which consists of 17 species belonging to 9 genera. One new species,Dorcus tenuihirsutussp. nov., is described and the following taxonomical changes are proposed:Aegus laevicollisSaunders, 1854 is newly identified asAegus laevicollissubnitidus Waterhouse, 1873;Macrodorcas striatipennisMotschulsky, 1861 is removed from the Korean fauna because this record is thought to have been based on the misinterpretation of locality and misidentification;Neolucanus saundersiiParry, 1864 is removed from the Korean fauna because this record is thought to have been based on misidentification.