bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Injury and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Valovich McLeod Tamara C. , Bay R. Curtis , Parsons John T. , Sauers Eric L. , Snyder Alison R. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a global concept that takes into account the physical, psychological, and social domains of health. Determining the extent to which injury affects HRQOL is an important aspect of rehabilitation practice, enabling comparisons of clinical outcomes across different conditions in diverse patient groups.

Objective:
To examine the extent to which a self-reported recent injury affected HRQOL in adolescent athletes using 2 generic patient self-report scales.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
High school classrooms and athletic training facilities.

Patients or Other Participants:
A convenience sample of uninjured (n  =  160) and injured (n  =  45) adolescent athletes.

Intervention(s):
The independent variable was injury status: uninjured versus injured. All participants completed a self-administered brief health status questionnaire and the Short Form–36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) in a counterbalanced manner.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Dependent variables included 8 subscale and 2 composite scores of the SF-36 and 5 subscale scores and 1 global score of the PODCI. Group differences were assessed with the Mann-Whitney U test (P ≤ .05) and reported as median and interquartile range.

Results:
On the SF-36, the injured group demonstrated lower scores (P &lt; .008) for physical functioning, limitations due to physical health problems, bodily pain, social functioning, and the physical composite. On the PODCI, the injured group reported lower scores (P &lt; .01) on the pain and comfort subscale and the global score.

Conclusions:
Adolescent athletes with self-reported injuries demonstrated lower HRQOL than their uninjured peers. As expected, recent injury affected physical functioning and pain. Social functioning (on the SF-36) and global HRQOL (on the PODCI) also decreased, suggesting that injuries affected areas beyond the expected physical component of health. Clinicians need to recognize the full spectrum of negative influences that injuries may have on HRQOL in adolescent athletes.
Glenohumeral Rotational Range of Motion in Collegiate Overhead-Throwing Athletes During an Athletic Season
Authors: Dwelly Priscilla M. , Tripp Brady L. , Tripp Patricia A. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Gorin Steven 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Repetitive throwing at high velocities leads to altered range of motion (ROM) in the dominant shoulder compared with the nondominant shoulder in overhead-throwing athletes. Loss of glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), or glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit (GIRD), is associated with shoulder injuries. Therefore, GIRD should be evaluated during the clinical examination of the thrower's shoulder.

Objective:
To assess glenohumeral ROM in competitive baseball and softball athletes at 3 intervals over the course of an athletic season in order to (1) examine changes in ROM over time and (2) monitor the prevalence of GIRD.

Design:
Observational, repeated-measures study.

Setting:
Collegiate athletic training room.

Patients or Other Participants:
Forty-eight healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I or Division II athletes (age  =  19 ± 1 years, height  =  174 ± 14 cm, mass  =  77.8 ± 18.1 kg; 19 softball, 29 baseball players).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We measured glenohumeral IR, external rotation (ER), total arc (ER + IR), and GIRD at 3 times: prefall, prespring, and postspring. We calculated GIRD in 2 ways: as the difference in IR between dominant and nondominant shoulders and as the percentage of the total arc.

Results:
In the dominant shoulder, ER increased during the season (F2,96  =  17.433, P &lt; .001), but IR remained the same (F2,96  =  1.839, P  =  .17). The total arc in the dominant shoulder increased between time intervals (F2,96  =  14.030, P &lt; .001); the mean difference between prefall and postspring measurements was 9.694° (P &lt; .001), and the mean difference between prefall and postspring measurements was 10.990° (P &lt; .001). In the nondominant shoulder, ER increased over the season (F2,96  =  23.395, P &lt; .001), but IR did not change over the season (F2,96  =  0.087, P  =  .90). The total arc in the nondominant shoulder increased between prefall and prespring measurements and between prefall and postspring measurements (F2,96  =  18.552, P &lt; .001). No changes were noted in GIRD over time. However, more athletes with GIRD were identified with the GIRD (IR difference) calculation in prefall (n  =  6) than in prespring (n  =  1) and postspring (n  =  4) (Cochran Q  =  5.2, P  =  .07). In addition, more athletes with GIRD were identified with the GIRD (% total arc) calculation in postspring (n  =  6) than in prefall (n  =  5) or prespring (n  =  4) (Cochran Q  =  2.6, P  =  .27).

Conclusions:
Healthy NCAA Division I and Division II athletes did not display changes in glenohumeral IR over an athletic season. However, they gained in ER and total arc during the season in both shoulders. Future researchers should investigate changes over multiple seasons. The 2 methods of calculating GIRD identified different athletes as having GIRD, indicating that additional investigation is warranted to determine the clinical benefits of each method.
Elbow Joint Position Sense After Neuromuscular Training With Handheld Vibration
Authors: Tripp Brady L. , Faust Donald , Jacobs Patrick 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
Clinicians use neuromuscular control exercises to enhance joint position sense (JPS); however, because standardizing such exercises is difficult, validations of their use are limited.

Objective:
To evaluate the acute effects of a neuromuscular training exercise with a handheld vibrating dumbbell on elbow JPS acuity.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
University athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirty-one healthy, college-aged volunteers (16 men, 15 women, age  =  23 ± 3 years, height  =  173 ± 8 cm, mass  =  76 ± 14 kg).

Intervention(s):
We measured and trained elbow JPS using an electromagnetic tracking device that provided auditory and visual biofeedback. For JPS testing, participants held a dumbbell and actively identified the target elbow flexion angle (90°) using the software-generated biofeedback, followed by 3 repositioning trials without feedback. Each neuromuscular training protocol included 3 exercises during which participants held a 2.55-kg dumbbell vibrating at 15, 5, or 0 Hz and used software-generated biofeedback to locate and maintain the target elbow flexion angle for 15 seconds.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We calculated absolute (accuracy) and variable (variability) errors using the differences between target and reproduced angles.

Results:
Training protocols using 15-Hz vibration enhanced accuracy and decreased variability of elbow JPS (P ≤ .005), whereas 5-Hz vibration did not affect accuracy (F1,61  =  2.625, P  =  .100) but did decrease variability (F1,61  =  7.250, P  =  .009). The control condition and 0-Hz training protocol had no effect on accuracy or variability (P ≥ .200).

Conclusions:
Our results suggest these neuromuscular control exercises, which included low-magnitude, low-frequency handheld vibration, may enhance elbow JPS. Future researchers should examine vibration of various durations and frequencies, should include injured participants and functional multijoint and multiplanar measures, and should examine long-term effects of training protocols on JPS and injury.
Estimation of Prepractice Hydration Status of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Athletes
Authors: Volpe Stella L. , Poule Kristen A. , Bland Erica G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Context:
To our knowledge, no one has compared the prepractice hydration status of male and female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes or has studied the effects of the menstrual cycle phase on women's prepractice hydration status.

Objective:
To report prepractice hydration status of collegiate athletes and determine the factors that might influence that status.

Design:
Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Setting:
University sports team practices.

Patients or Other Participants:
Participants included 138 male and 125 female athletes (age  =  19.9 ± 1.3 years, height  =  165.8 ± 42.9 cm, mass  =  77.4 ± 17.5 kg) from an NCAA Division I New England university.

Intervention(s):
One spontaneously voided (spot) urine sample was collected from each participant before his or her team practice and was measured 2 times.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
A refractometer was used to analyze the amount of light that passed through a small drop of urine and assess urine specific gravity. Fluid intake and menstrual history for women were also collected. Three hydration-status groups were defined based on the American College of Sports Medicine and National Athletic Trainers' Association criteria: (1) euhydrated, which was urine specific gravity less than 1.020; (2) hypohydrated, from 1.020 to 1.029; and (3) significantly hypohydrated, equal to or more than 1.030.

Results:
Thirteen percent of student-athletes appeared significantly hypohydrated, with a mean urine specific gravity of 1.031 ± 0.002 (χ2  =  12.12, P &lt; .05); 53% appeared hypohydrated, with a mean urine specific gravity of 1.024 ± 0.003 (χ2  =  12.12, P &lt; .05); and 34% appeared euhydrated, with a mean urine specific gravity of 1.012 ± 0.005 (χ2  =  0.03, P &gt; .05). A greater percentage of men (47%) than women (28%) were hypohydrated (χ2  =  8.33, P &lt; .05). In women, no difference was evident between the luteal and follicular phases of their menstrual cycles (χ2  =  0.02, P &gt; .05).

Conclusions:
Before activity, athletes were hypohydrated at different levels. A greater percentage of men than women were hypohydrated. Menstrual cycle phase did not appear to affect hydration in women.
Athletic Training Approved Clinical Instructors' Reports of Real-Time Opportunities for Evaluating Clinical Proficiencies
Authors: Armstrong Kirk J. , Weidner Thomas G. , Walker Stacy E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractContext:Appropriate methods for evaluating clinical proficiencies are essential to ensuring entry-level competence in athletic training.Objective:To identify the methods Approved Clinical Instructors (ACIs) use to evaluate student performance of clinical proficiencies.Design:Cross-sectional design.Setting:Public and private institutions in National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) District 4.Patients or Other Participants:Approved Clinical Instructors from accredited athletic training education programs in the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association, which is NATA District 4 (N  =  135).Data Collection and Analysis:Participants completed a previously validated survey instrument, Methods of Clinical Proficiency Evaluation in Athletic Training, that consisted of 15 items, including demographic characteristics of the respondents and Likert-scale items (1  =  strongly disagree to 5  =  strongly agree) regarding methods of clinical proficiency evaluation, barriers, educational content areas, and clinical experience settings. We used analyses of variance and 2-tailed, independent-samples t tests to assess differences among ACI demographic characteristics and the methods, barriers, educational content areas, settings, and opportunities for feedback regarding clinical proficiency evaluation. Qualitative analysis of respondents' comments was completed.Results:The ACIs (n  =  106 of 133 respondents, 79.7%) most often used simulations to evaluate clinical proficiencies. Only 59 (55.1%) of the 107 ACIs responding to a follow-up question reported that they feel students engage in a sufficient number of real-time evaluations to prepare them for entry-level practice. An independent-samples t test revealed that no particular clinical experience setting provided more opportunities than another for real-time evaluations (t119 range, −0.909 to 1.796, P ≥ .05). The occurrence of injuries not coinciding with the clinical proficiency evaluation timetable (4.00 ± 0.832) was a barrier to real-time evaluations. Respondents' comments indicated much interest in opportunities and barriers regarding real-time clinical proficiency evaluations.Conclusions:Most clinical proficiencies are evaluated via simulations. The ACIs should maximize real-time situations to evaluate students' clinical proficiencies whenever feasible. Athletic training education program administrators should develop alternative methods of clinical proficiency evaluations.
Computing Noncommutative Deformations of Presheaves and Sheaves of Modules
Authors: Eriksen Eivind 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe describe a noncommutative deformation theory for presheaves and sheaves of modules that generalizes the commutative deformation theory of these global algebraic structures and the noncommutative deformation theory of modules over algebras due to Laudal.In the first part of the paper, we describe a noncommutative deformation functor for presheaves of modules on a small category and an obstruction theory for this functor in terms of global Hochschild cohomology. An important feature of this obstruction theory is that it can be computed in concrete terms in many interesting cases.In the last part of the paper, we describe a noncommutative deformation functor for quasi-coherent sheaves of modules on a ringed space (X,𝒜). We show that for any good A-affine open cover U of X, the forgetful functor QCoh𝒜 → PreSh(U,𝒜) induces an isomorphism of noncommutative deformation functors.Applications. We consider noncommutative deformations of quasi-coherent 𝒜-modules on X when (X,𝒜) = (X,𝒪X) is a scheme or (X,𝒜) = (X,𝒟) is a D-scheme in the sense of Beilinson and Bernstein. In these cases, we may use any open affine cover of X closed under finite intersections to compute noncommutative deformations in concrete terms using presheaf methods. We compute the noncommutative deformations of the left 𝒟X-module 𝒟X when X is an elliptic curve as an example.
On the Spectrum of the Equivariant Cohomology Ring
Authors: Goresky Mark , MacPherson Robert 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIf an algebraic torusTacts on a complex projective algebraic varietyX, then the affine scheme SpecH*T(X; ℂ) associated with the equivariant cohomology is often an arrangement of linear subspaces of the vector spaceHT2(X; ℂ). In many situations the ordinary cohomology ring ofXcan be described in terms of this arrangement.
Classification of Reducing Subspaces of a Class of Multiplication Operators on the Bergman Space via the Hardy Space of the Bidisk
Authors: Sun Shunhua , Dechao Zheng  , Zhong Changyong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper we obtain a complete description of nontrivial minimal reducing subspaces of the multiplication operator by a Blaschke product with four zeros on the Bergman space of the unit disk via the Hardy space of the bidisk.
Semi-Slant Submanifolds of an Almost Paracontact Metric Manifold
Authors: Atc̣eken Mehmet 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we define and study the geometry of semi-slant submanifolds of an almost paracontact metric manifold. We give some characterizations for a submanifold to be semi-slant submanifold to be semi-slant product and obtain integrability conditions for the distributions involved in the definition of a semi-slant submanifold.
Boundedness From Below of Multiplication Operators Between α-Bloch Spaces
Authors: Chen Huaihui , Zhang Minzhu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the boundedness from below of multiplication operators between α-Bloch spaces , α > 0, on the unit disk D is studied completely. For a bounded multiplication operator , defined by Muƒ = u ƒ for f ∈ , we prove the following result:(i) If 0 < β < α, or 0 < α ≤ 1 and α < β, Mu is not bounded below;(ii) if 0 < α = β ≤ 1, Mu is bounded below if and only if lim infz→∂D |u(z)| > 0;(iii) if 1 < α ≤ β,Mu is bounded below if and only if there exist a δ > 0 and a positive r < 1 such that for every point z ∈ D there is a point z′ ∈ D with the property d(z′, z) < r and (1–|z′|2)β–α|u(z′)| ≥ δ, where d( · , · ) denotes the pseudo-distance on D.
On Antichains of Spreading Models of Banach Spaces
Authors: Dodos Pandelis 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe show that for every separable Banach spaceX, either SPw(X) (the set of all spreading models ofXgenerated by weakly-null sequences inX, modulo equivalence) is countable, or SPw(X) contains an antichain of the size of the continuum. This answers a question of S. J. Dilworth, E. Odell, and B. Sari.
Root Extensions and Factorization in Affine Domains
Authors: Etingof P. , Malcolmson P. , Okoh F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn integral domain R is IDPF (Irreducible Divisors of Powers Finite) if, for every non-zero element a in R, the ascending chain of non-associate irreducible divisors in R of an stabilizes on a finite set as n ranges over the positive integers, while R is atomic if every non-zero element that is not a unit is a product of a finite number of irreducible elements (atoms). A ring extension S of R is a root extension or radical extension if for each s in S, there exists a natural number n(s) with sn(s) in R. In this paper it is shown that the ascent and descent of the IDPF property and atomicity for the pair of integral domains (R, S) is governed by the relative sizes of the unit groups U(R) and U(S) and whether S is a root extension of R. The following results are deduced from these considerations: An atomic IDPF domain containing a field of characteristic zero is completely integrally closed. An affine domain over a field of characteristic zero is IDPF if and only if it is completely integrally closed. Let R be a Noetherian domain with integral closure S. Suppose the conductor of S into R is non-zero. Then R is IDPF if and only if S is a root extension of R and U(S)/U(R) is finite.
Multiple Nontrivial Solutions for Doubly Resonant Periodic Problems
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Staicu Vasile 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe consider semilinear periodic problems with the right-hand side nonlinearity satisfying a double resonance condition between two successive eigenvalues. Using a combination of variational and degree theoretic methods, we prove the existence of at least two nontrivial solutions.
Multiplicity-Free Schubert Calculus
Authors: Thomas Hugh , Yong Alexander 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMultiplicity-free algebraic geometry is the study of subvarieties Y ⊆ X with the “smallest invariants” as witnessed by a multiplicity-free Chow ring decomposition of [Y] ∈ A*(X) into a predetermined linear basis.This paper concerns the case of Richardson subvarieties of the Grassmannian in terms of the Schubert basis. We give a nonrecursive combinatorial classification of multiplicity-free Richardson varieties, i.e., we classify multiplicity-free products of Schubert classes. This answers a question of W. Fulton.
A New Sufficient Condition for a Graph To Be (g, f, n)-Critical
Authors: Zhou Sizhong 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet G be a graph of order p, let a, b, and n be nonnegative integers with 1 ≤ a < b, and let g and f be two integer-valued functions defined on V(G) such that a ≤ g(x) < f (x) ≤ b for all x ∈ V(G). A (g, f )-factor of graph G is a spanning subgraph F of G such that g(x) ≤ dF(x) ≤ f (x) for each x ∈ V(F). Then a graph G is called (g, f, n)-critical if after deleting any n vertices of G the remaining graph of G has a (g, f )-factor. The binding number bind(G) of G is the minimum value of |NG(X)|/|X| taken over all non-empty subsets X of V(G) such that NG(X) ≠ V(G). In this paper, it is proved that G is a (g, f, n)-critical graph ifFurthermore, it is shown that this result is best possible in some sense.
Residents' Perceptions of Their Own Professionalism and the Professionalism of Their Learning Environment
Authors: Gillespie Colleen , Paik Steve , Ark Tavinder , Zabar Sondra , Kalet Adina 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe competency of professionalism encompasses a range of behaviors in multiple domains. Residency programs are struggling to integrate and effectively assess professionalism. We report results from a survey assessing residents’ perceptions of their professional competence and the professionalism of their learning environment.MethodsA survey was developed to assess specific behaviors reflecting professionalism based on the conceptualizations of key accrediting bodies. Residents rated their ability to perform the behaviors and reported the frequency with which they observed their fellow residents failing to perform the behaviors. Eighty-five senior residents in emergency medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry, and surgery specialties completed the survey (response rate = 77%). Differences among domains (and among items within domains) were assessed. Correlations between perceived professionalism and the professionalism of the learning environment were described.ResultsCronbach alpha for professionalism competence was .93 and for professionalism in the learning environment it was .86. Residents reported feeling most competent in being accountable (mean score = 51.4%; F = 10.3, p&lt;.001) and in demonstrating respect. Some residents reported having trouble being sensitive to patients (n = 5 to 23). Disrespectful behaviors were the most frequently witnessed professionalism lapse in the learning environment (mean = 41.1%; F = 8.1, p&lt;.001). While serious lapses in professionalism were not witnessed with great frequency in the learning environment, instances of over-representing qualifications were reported. Problems in accountability in the learning environment were negatively associated with residents’ perceived competence.ConclusionsResidents reported being able to perform professionally most of the time, especially in terms of accountability and respect. However, disrespect was a feature of the learning environment for many residents and several serious lapses were witnessed by a small number of residents. Accountability in the learning environment may be an important indicator of or influence on residents’ professionalism.