bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Controls Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Therapeutic Effect Through MMP9 Signaling: Role in Physiological and Pathological Wound Healing
Authors: Ebrahimian Teni G. , Squiban Claire , Roque Telma , Lugo-Martinez Haydee , Hneino Mohamad , Buard Valerie , Gourmelon Patrick , Benderitter Marc , Milliat Fabien , Tamarat Radia 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
We assessed the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in wound healing process and in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC)-related effects on physiological and pathological wound healing. A full thickness excision wound was created by removal of the skin on the midback of irradiated and nonirradiated animals. Angiogenesis and re-epithelialization were markedly increased in PAI-1−/− mice compared to wild-type (WT) animals. We revealed high MMP activity in tissue of PAI-1−/− animals. Of interest, the wound healing process was reduced in PAI-1−/−:MMP9−/− animals compared to PAI-1−/− mice, suggesting a key role of MMP9 in beneficial effect of PAI-1 deficiency on wound closure. To unravel the role of PAI-1 in BMMNC relative effects, mice were treated with or without local injection of BMMNC isolated from WT, PAI-1−/−, and PAI-1−/−: MMP9−/− animals for 14 days (106 cells, n = 6 per group). In WT nonirradiated mice, transplantation of BMMNC isolated from PAI-1−/− animals enhanced wound formation when compared with WT BMMNC. BMMNC differentiation into cells with endothelial phenotype was enhanced by PAI-1 deficiency. These effects were abrogated in PAI-1−/−:MMP9−/− and MMP9−/− BMMNC. In addition, using chimeric mice, we demonstrated that PAI-1 deficiency environment increased the BMMNC-GFP recruitment to the wound site, whereas this effect was abrogated when using PAI-1−/−:MMP9−/− BMMNC. PAI-1 deficiency, at least through MMP9 upregulation, enhanced wound healing and BMMNC therapeutic potential in irradiated and nonirradiated animals.
A 3D Water Network Confined in 3D Pure Inorganic Framework Constructed by [SiW12O40]4– and Potassium Ions
Authors: Xu Ke‐Ming , Liu Yong‐Jian , Liu Hong‐Sheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel protonated cage (H2O)19 cluster was observed as guest in the compound K3H[SiW12O40]·19H2O (1). The dodecatungstosilicates are linked into a three‐dimensional (3D) host framework by potassium cations. The cage (H2O)19 cluster with Oh symmetry is confined to the cavities of the host framework, and their growing and repetitive arrangement leads to the construction of a 3D water network. The removal/re‐adsorption of water molecules and the stability of the host frameworks were confirmed by IR spectroscopy, TGA/DTA and XRPD.
Towards an understanding of the causes and effects of software requirements change: two case studies
Authors: McGee Sharon , Greer Des 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Changes to software requirements not only pose a risk to the successful delivery of software applications but also provide opportunity for improved usability and value. Increased understanding of the causes and consequences of change can support requirements management and also make progress towards the goal of change anticipation. This paper presents the results of two case studies that address objectives arising from that ultimate goal. The first case study evaluated the potential of a change source taxonomy containing the elements ‘market’, ‘organisation’, ‘vision’, ‘specification’, and ‘solution’ to provide a meaningful basis for change classification and measurement. The second case study investigated whether the requirements attributes of novelty, complexity, and dependency correlated with requirements volatility. While insufficiency of data in the first case study precluded an investigation of changes arising due to the change source of ‘market’, for the remainder of the change sources, results indicate a significant difference in cost, value to the customer and management considerations. Findings show that higher cost and value changes arose more often from ‘organisation’ and ‘vision’ sources; these changes also generally involved the co-operation of more stakeholder groups and were considered to be less controllable than changes arising from the ‘specification’ or ‘solution’ sources. Results from the second case study indicate that only ‘requirements dependency’ is consistently correlated with volatility and that changes coming from each change source affect different groups of requirements. We conclude that the taxonomy can provide a meaningful means of change classification, but that a single requirement attribute is insufficient for change prediction. A theoretical causal account of requirements change is drawn from the implications of the combined results of the two case studies.
The procedural epistemic value of deliberation
Authors: Peter Fabienne 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCollective deliberation is fuelled by disagreements and its epistemic value depends, inter alia, on how the participants respond to each other in disagreements. I use this accountability thesis to argue that deliberation may be valued not just instrumentally but also for its procedural features. The instrumental epistemic value of deliberation depends on whether it leads to more or less accurate beliefs among the participants. The procedural epistemic value of deliberation hinges on the relationships of mutual accountability that characterize appropriately conducted deliberation. I will argue that it only comes into view from the second-person standpoint. I shall explain what the second-person standpoint in the epistemic context entails and how it compares to Stephen Darwall’s interpretation of the second-person standpoint in ethics.
Temporary Integration, Resilient Inequality: Race and Neighborhood Change in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Sharkey Patrick 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on neighborhood and geographic change arising with the first “selection” of an independent residential setting: the transition out of the family home. Data from two sources—the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics—are used to provide complementary analyses of trajectories of change in geographic location and neighborhood racial and economic composition during young adulthood. Findings indicate that for young adults who originate in segregated urban areas and remain in such areas, the period of young adulthood is characterized by continuity in neighborhood conditions and persistent racial inequality from childhood to adulthood. For young adults who exit highly segregated urban areas, this period is characterized by a substantial leveling of racial inequality, with African Americans moving into less-poor, less-segregated neighborhoods. However, the trend toward racial equality in young adulthood is temporary, as the gaps between whites and blacks grow as the young adults move further into adulthood. Crucial to the reemergence of racial inequality in neighborhood environments is the process of “unselected” change, or change in neighborhood conditions that occurs around young adults after they move to a new neighborhood environment.
Effects of enriched environment in spatial learning and memory of immature rats submitted to early undernourish and seizures
Authors: Simão Fabrício , Porto Juliana Antola , Nunes Magda Lahorgue 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe recently reported that early undernourishment and seizures to the rat brain resulted in morphological changes and progressive learning and memory disability, which started at around 6 week later and is representative of human adolescence. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether enriched environmental can recovery this slowly progressing deficits in early undernourished and in two different models for seizures. Undernourished groups were maintained on a nutritional deprivation regimen from post‐natal day 2 (P2) to P15. From P8 to P10, recurrent seizures (RS) groups were exposed to three seizures per day, while status epilepticus (SE) groups experienced status epilepticus at P16, both induced by flurothyl. Next, animals were exposed to enriched environment between P30 and P60. Beginning at P61, all groups were trained and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). Enriched environment led to a significant benefit in learning and retention of visual‐spatial memory, being able to reverse the cognitive impairment generated by undernourishment and SE.
An Investigation on Karman-type Vortex Shedding from a Finite Square Cylinder
Authors: Lee H.-H. , Miau J.-J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe phenomenon of Karman-type vortex shedding from finite square cylinders of the aspect ratios 2, 4 and 6 at Reynolds number of 1.9 × 105 were examined with the employment of a three-component force balance to measure the aerodynamic forces. The signals of the lateral force measured were first analyzed by the HHT (Hilbert-Huang Transformation) together with a conditional sampling technique for identifying the time periods during which the vortex shedding frequency component was prominent. Meanwhile, the force measured in the vertical direction was analyzed by the same procedure to identify the events of pronounced unsteady downwash motion induced by the flow over the finite end of the model. Therefore, the unsteady flow motions around a finite cylinder model could be categorized into four patterns. Namely, the patterns 11 and 10 denote the situations of pronounced Karman-type vortex shedding with and without strong downwash motion, respectively; and the patterns 01 and 00 denote the situations of no pronounced vortex shedding with and without strong downwash motion, respectively. The results obtained show that the pattern 00 occupied more than 60% of the time sampled, apparently dominant over the other three patterns, whereas the second popular pattern 10 (Karman type vortex shedding) occupied no more than 30% of the time sampled. Further experiments were made for the square cylinder of the aspect ratio 6, with a hot-wire situated near either side of the cylinder. By analyzing the unsteady lateral forces experienced by the cylinder and the hot-wire velocity data with the data reduction scheme employed, it is unveiled that the Karman-type vortex shedding induced an anti-symmetric, unsteady flow motion around the cylinder, although this component was not the dominant one. On the other hand, it is found that a large portion of the fluctuating energy was resided in the low-frequency component featuring a symmetric unsteady flow motion around the cylinder. This finding further supports the earlier observation that the flow pattern 00 is most commonly seen in the unsteady flow motions around a finite square cylinder.
An Innovative Tool to Measure Human Skin Strain Distribution in Vivo using Motion Capture and Delaunay Mesh
Authors: Mahmud J. , Evans S. L. , Holt C. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSkin has a complex structure and its deformation mechanics is still not well defined. In the study of skin biomechanics, the stretch ratio, λ, is an important property, which is determined using strain data. This paper attempts to develop a novel tool by integrating experimental-numerical approach to measure full-field strain distribution of human skin in vivo. Skin deformation in vivo was measured using motion capture system, (which is not a full-field measuring tool) and then by constructing finite elements, its full-field strain contour is produced. The experimental procedure starts by attaching a set of reflective markers onto the skin at the forearm of healthy volunteers. Skin deformation is induced by pulling a nylon filament attached with a loading tab. Three infrared cameras are used to capture the movement of markers during load application. QTM (Qualisys, Sweden) software is used to track markers trajectories and generate data consisting of 3-dimensional markers coordinate. The initial capture is set as the reference marker positions (undeformed skin) and the subsequent images represent the deformed skin relative to the initial. Representing markers as nodes, finite elements are constructed by adjoining three adjacent markers using Delaunay mesh. Strains were deduced from the strain displacement matrix and measured for three subjects at three loading directions. The results are in fair agreement with those obtained by others. The method and output provide a useful addition to understanding skin deformation.
An Experimental Study of Falling Film Evaporation on Horizontal Tubes Using R-134a
Authors: Chien L.-H. , Chen R.-H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study investigates evaporation heat transfer performance of refrigerant R-134a falling film on three horizontal copper tubes in a vertical column. Experiments were performed at saturation temperatures of 10 and 26.7°C. The liquid flows through a liquid feeder with a row of circular holes at a rate of 0.0075 ∼ 0.0363kg/ms, while heat fluxes varied from 4.5 to 48.5kW/m2. A smooth tube, a fin tube of 0.4mm fin height, 60FPI (Fins Per Inch), and a new boiling enhanced tube (mesh tube) were tested. The test results show that heat transfer coefficient of the smooth tube increases with increasing heat flux and fluid temperature, and increases slightly with increasing flow rate before dry-out occurs. At low flow rates (less than 0.015kg/ms) or when Ref (≤ 255), the fin tube is in thin film evaporation mode and results in a large heat transfer coefficient. At high flow rates (0.0225, 0.03, and 0.0375kg/ms) the falling film evaporation curves are similar to those in pool boiling. For all tubes, the fluid temperature and the flow rate have only minor influences on heat transfer coefficient before dry-out occurs. The 60 FPI tube and the mesh tube enhance the falling film evaporation heat transfer coefficient 6.3 ∼ 8.29 fold and 1.9 ∼ 5.0 fold, respectively, as compared with the smooth tube. A new correlation of falling film evaporation, accounting for contributions of nucleate boiling and spray convection, is proposed. It predicts h-values of the falling film evaporation data of the smooth surface within ±30%.
Correlations Between Heelstrike Impulsive Loading and Joint Kinematics of the Lower Extremities During Normal Level Walking
Authors: Chang C.-F. , Shih K.-S. , Wang T.-M. , Huang C.-H. , Huang S.-C. , Lu T.-W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractImpulsive loading by the ground reaction force (GRF) around heelstrike during walking is closely related to joint degeneration and might be affected by joint movement of the locomotor system. Fifteen healthy males (age: 25.5 ±3 years) were studied to investigate the association between the quantitative joint angles, angular velocities and accelerations of the lower-limb joints, and the loading rates of the GRF. Apart from the gait speed, both the ipsilateral kinematics during the swing phase, and the contralateral kinematics around the beginning of the terminal double limb stance (DLS), may significantly contribute to the heelstrike and maximum loading rates of the GRF. The magnitude of the heelstrike impulsive GRF was particularly affected by the peak ankle dorsiflexion velocity during the swing phase of the ipsilateral limb. However, for generating the maximum loading rate of nearly eight times the magnitude of that of the heelstrike one needed more kinematic variables to be modulated in advance, especially the knee flexion velocities around the beginning of the terminal DLS of the contralateral limb. Knowledge of the joint mechanics of the locomotor system for controlling the magnitude of the impulsive GRF during normal walking might be helpful for gait retraining for the elderly or patients who might have excessive impulsive GRF and a high risk of joint degeneration.
The Entrance Effect of Pin Type Flow Channel on Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Chen T.-Y. , Liao Y.-T. , Kuan Y.-D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis research alters the traditional single inlet/outlet opening of the pin type flow channel of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Multi-inlet/outlet openings are designed with the aim to distribute the methanol solution evenly and effectively remove CO2 bubbles and to improve the cell performance. The CO2 bubble dynamics in anode flow channels and the cell performance are investigated. Results show that the newly designed flow channels can overcome restrictions resulting from fuel and effectively remove CO2 bubbles, thereby enhancing the performance of the pin type DMFC. The “three-inlet and three-outlet” design increases the current density output by 19%.
Biological and molecular characterization of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Israel
Authors: Johnson A.J. , Weintraub P.G. , Katoch R. , Schemerhorn B.J. , Shukle R.H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSamples of a dipteran pest of wheat were tested to confirm identity, describe local populations and suggest the use of deploying resistance (R) genes in wheat cultivars for control ofMayetiola destructor, Hessian fly (HF). Morphological evaluation of adults and a free-choice oviposition preference test documenting that females overwhelmingly preferred to oviposit on wheat instead of barley supported they were HF. Using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI), the Barcoding Region, nine haplotypes were revealed. Two were found only in the Israeli collections and averaged 3% sequence divergence compared to the other seven haplotypes found in the United States, Israel and Syria. In evaluations of virulence, the Israeli HF in culture was virulent to 11 of the 19 (R) genes tested, and complementation analysis documented that, for four of theRgenes tested, the Israeli HF shared loci for virulence with HF from the United States. Levels of HF infestation at seven Israeli fields were at least at the 5–8% level, which historically has indicated a significant yield loss. Microsatellite genotyping of the five HF collections from Israel revealed mixed populations in Israel that are distinctly separate from the single population in Syria.
Negative emotion impairs working memory in pediatric patients with bipolar disorder type I
Authors: Schenkel L. S. , Passarotti A. M. , Sweeney J. A. , Pavuluri M. N. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundWe investigated affect recognition and the impact of emotional valence on working memory (using happy, angry, and neutral faces) in pediatric patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy control (HC) subjects.MethodSubjects (N=70) consisted of unmedicated patients with BD type I (BD I, n=23) and type II (BD II, n=16) and matched HC subjects (n=31). All subjects completed tasks of emotion recognition (Chicago Pediatric Emotional Acuity Task; Chicago PEAT) and working memory for happy, angry, and neutral faces (Affective N-Back Memory Task; ANMT).ResultsCompared to HC subjects, BD patients performed significantly more poorly when identifying the intensity of happy and angry expressions on the Chicago PEAT, and demonstrated working-memory impairments regardless of the type of facial emotional stimuli. Pediatric BD patients displayed the most impaired accuracy and reaction time performance with negative facial stimuli relative to neutral stimuli, but did not display this pattern with positive stimuli. Only BD I patients displayed working-memory deficits, while both BD I and BD II patients displayed emotion-identification impairments. Results remained significant after controlling for co-morbid ADHD and mood state.ConclusionsBoth BD I and BD II youth demonstrate emotion-identification deficits. BD youth also demonstrate working-memory impairments for facial stimuli irrespective of emotional valence; however, working-memory deficits were the most pronounced with negative emotional stimuli. These deficits appear to be specific to BD I patients, and suggest therefore that a more severe form of illness is characterized by more severe social-cognitive impairment.
Gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Eranti S. V. , MacCabe J. H. , Bundy H. , Murray R. M. 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundMost studies reporting the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia show an earlier onset in males, but vary considerably in their estimates of the difference. This may be due to variations in study design, setting and diagnostic criteria. In particular, several studies conducted in developing countries have found no difference or a reversed effect whereby females have an earlier onset. The aim of the study was to investigate gender differences in age of onset, and the impact of study design and setting on estimates thereof.MethodStudy methods were a systematic literature search, meta-analysis and meta-regression.ResultsA total of 46 studies with 29218 males and 19402 females fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were entered into a meta-analysis. A random-effects model gave a pooled estimate of the gender difference of 1.07 years (95% confidence interval 0.21–1.93) for age at first admission of schizophrenia, with males having earlier onset. The gender difference in age at onset was not significantly different between developed and developing countries. Studies using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria showed a significantly greater gender difference in age at onset than studies using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) criteria, the latter showing no difference.ConclusionsThe gender difference in age of onset in schizophrenia is smaller than previously thought, and appears absent in studies using ICD. There is no evidence that the gender difference differs between developed and developing countries.
Existence of generic cubic homoclinic tangencies for Hénon maps
Authors: KIRIKI SHIN , SOMA TERUHIKO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the Hénon map $\varphi _{a,b}$ has a generically unfolding cubic tangency for some $(a,b)$ arbitrarily close to $(-2,0)$ by applying results of Gonchenko, Shilnikov and Turaev [On models with non-rough Poincaré homoclinic curves. Physica D 62(1–4) (1993), 1–14; Dynamical phenomena in systems with structurally unstable Poincaré homoclinic orbits. Chaos 6(1) (1996), 15–31; On Newhouse domains of two-dimensional diffeomorphisms which are close to a diffeomorphism with a structurally unstable heteroclinic cycle. Proc. Steklov Inst. Math.216 (1997), 70–118; Homoclinic tangencies of an arbitrary order in Newhouse domains. Itogi Nauki Tekh. Ser. Sovrem. Mat. Prilozh. 67 (1999), 69–128, translation in J. Math. Sci. 105 (2001), 1738–1778; Homoclinic tangencies of arbitrarily high orders in conservative and dissipative two-dimensional maps. Nonlinearity 20 (2007), 241–275]. Combining this fact with theorems in Kiriki and Soma [Persistent antimonotonic bifurcations and strange attractors for cubic homoclinic tangencies. Nonlinearity 21(5) (2008), 1105–1140], one can observe the new phenomena in the Hénon family, appearance of persistent antimonotonic tangencies and cubic polynomial-like strange attractors.
Cryptosporidiumspp. in calves and cows from organic and conventional dairy herds
Authors: SILVERLÅS C. , BLANCO-PENEDO I. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYA cohort study was performed to investigate cryptosporidial prevalence and species distribution in 13 organic and 13 conventional dairy herds. Faecal samples were collected from 221 calves and 259 cows. Management routines were recorded at farm inspection and through a questionnaire. Samples were concentrated using sodium chloride flotation and cryptosporidial oocysts were detected by epifluorescence microscopy. Molecular analysis was used to determine species and subtypes. A multivariable model for factors associated with calves beingCryptosporidiumspp. positive was built.Cryptosporidiumspp.-positive animals were identified in all herds. Prevalences were similar in organic and conventional calves (44·7%vs. 52·3%), as well as in cows (3·1%vs. 3·8%),P > 0·05.Cryptosporidium bovis,C. ryanaeandC. parvumwere identified.C. ryanaewas identified in a calf younger than the described prepatent period. The multivariable model included four significant variables; calf age, cleanliness of bedding, cleaning routines for group pens and farmers' attitudes towards biosecurity.