bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age of picrite and picrodolerite magmatism in western Mongolia
Authors: Izokh A.E. , Vishnevskii A.V. , Polyakov G.V. , Shelepaev R.A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The paper presents 39Ar/40Ar and UPb (SHRIMP zircon method) geochronological data on minor picrodolerite intrusions from western Mongolia. Picrodolerite magmatism in western Mongolia took place within different age intervals and in different geodynamic settings: accretionary–collisional Ꞓ1-2, ~510 Ma (Üüreg Nuur association, Hayrhan intrusion), intraplate D1, 410–390 Ma (Tsagaan Shuvuut Range, Mor’t Uula intrusion), intraplate D3–C1, 345–360 Ma (Altan Gadas, Tavtyn Hundiyn, and Hu Tsan Bulak intrusions), island-arc C2, 315–335 Ma (Dzahuy, Yaryn Had, and Javhlant intrusions), and intraplate P1, ~270 Ma (Dzaraa Uula intrusion).
Petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data permit distinguishing derivates of picrobasaltic (12–14 wt.% MgO) (Üüreg Nuur association, Tsagaan Shuvuut, Javhlant, Yaryn Had) and melabasaltic melts (7–10 wt.% MgO) (Mor’t Uula, Altan Gadas, Dzahuy, Dzaraa Uula) among picrodolerite magmatism in western Mongolia. Picritoids in these associations resulted from early olivine fractionation.
The Early Devonian picrites and picrodolerites of the Tsagaan Shuvuut Range and the olivine dolerites of the Mor’t Uula intrusion can be assigned to mafic magmatism in the Devonian large igneous province (LIP) in the North Mongolian megablock. The Late Devonian–Early Carboniferous picrodolerite intrusions in the Baruun Huuray zone (Altan Gadas) and Mongolian Altay (Tavtyn Hundiyn) are related to the Tien Shan LIP. Bimodal volcanism on the southern margin of the Hangayn Mts. (Dzaraa Uula), in the eastern segment of the Hanhöhiy Ridge (Dzagday Nuur, Hara Teg), and in the Argalantu trough (Tegshiyn Gol, Muhur Shurgah, and Deed Shurgah massifs) may be related to the Tarim LIP, where they are part of an Early Permian volcanoplutonic association. Carboniferous picrodolerite intrusions in the South Mongolian megablock and the Trans-Altai Gobi formed in subduction-related settings (Dzahuy, Yaryn Had, Javhlant).
A tectonothermal model for the formation of an orogen at the post-collisional stage (by the example of the Yenisei Ridge, Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Vernikovsky V.A. , Vernikovskaya A.E. , Polyansky O.P. , Laevsky Yu.M. , Matushkin N.Yu. , Voronin K.V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUsing geological, geophysical, and thermophysical parameters, we performed a numeric modeling of the thermal regime of a collisional process by the example of the Yenisei Ridge Neoproterozoic orogen in the southwestern framing of the Siberian platform. The results yielded by the described 3D numerical models and by the one-dimensional parametric modeling of the thermal effect of crustal matter differentiation allowed reconstructing the main tectonothermal processes of the collisional stage of this structure formation. The performed modeling allows taking into account the local particularities of the crustal thermal state of the structure under discussion and at the same time it allows determining the general regularities, typical of orogens on post-collisional stages. We have established that it is the action of three factors that significantly influences the thermal regime: the radiogenic heat of the intrusions, high heat flow anomalies, and clustering of the Glushikha complex leucogranitic bodies in the central region of the Central Angara terrane. Our studies have shown that tectonic processes combined with diachronous magmatic activity can significantly affect the course of collisional orogens’ thermal history.
Complete isomorphic join diopside–kosmochlor CaMgSi2O6–NaCrSi2O6 in metamorphic rocks of the Sludyanka complex (southern Baikal region)
Authors: Reznitsky L.Z. , Sklyarov E.V. , Galuskin E.V. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Chromium and vanadium-bearing metamorphic derivatives of siliceous-carbonate sediments in the Sludyanka granulite-facies complex, southern Baikal, contain high-Cr clinopyroxenes that belong to the diopside–kosmochlor–natalyite join (CaMgSi2O6–NaCrSi2O6–NaVSi2O6). The ternary join includes isomorphic binary joins of which the diopside–kosmochlor join with 94% kosmochlor (Kos) end-member has been studied in detail and found to be virtually complete. As indicated by signature of diopside–eskolaite reactions in the minerals, kosmochlor and high-Cr members of the join formed at the expense of metamorphic eskolaite as a result of Na input after progressive metamorphism. There is no miscibility gap along the diopside–kosmochlor join; the incompleteness of the kosmochlor formation reaction and the coexistence of its compositionally different members are rather due to kinetic factors associated with low mobility of Cr. Thus, the mechanism of Cr incorporation in clinopyroxenes does not depend on PT-conditions of metamorphism.
Tectonics and geodynamics of the Central Asian Foldbelt: the role of Late Paleozoic large-amplitude strike-slip faults
Authors: Buslov M.M. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The following structural elements have been recognized to constitute the tectonic demarcation of Central Asian Foldbelt: (1) The Kazakhstan–Baikal composite continent, its basement formed in Vendian–Cambrian as a result of Paleoasian oceanic crust, along with Precambrian microcontinents and Gondwana-type terranes, subduction beneath the southeastern margin of the Siberian continent (western margin in present-day coordinates). The subduction and subsequent collision of microcontinents and terranes with the Kazakhstan–Tuva–Mongolia island arc led to crustal consolidation and formation of the composite-continent basement. In Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician, this continent was separated from Siberia by the Ob’–Zaisan ocean basin. (2) The Vendian and Paleozoic Siberian continental margin complexes comprising the Vendian–Cambrian Kuznetsk–Altai island arc and the rock complexes of Ordovician–Early Devonian passive margin and Devonian to Early Carboniferous active margin. Fragments of Vendian–Early Cambrian oceanic crust represented by ophiolite and paleo-oceanic mounds dominate in the accretionary wedges of island arc. The Gondwana-type continental blocks are absent in western Siberian continental margin complexes and supposedly formed at the convergent boundary of a different ocean, probably, Paleopacific. (3) The Middle–Late Paleozoic Charysh–Terekta–Ulagan–Sayan suture-shear zone separating the continental margin complexes of Siberia and Kazakhstan–Baikal. It is composed of fragments of Cambrian and Early Ordovician oceanic crust of the Ob’–Zaisan basin, Ordovician blueschists and Cambrian–Ordovician turbidites, and Middle Paleozoic metamorphic rocks of shear zones. In the suture zone, the Kazakhstan–Baikal continental masses moved westward along the southeastern margin of Siberia. In Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous, the continents amalgamated to form the North Asian continent. (4) The Late Paleozoic strike-slip faults forming an orogenic collage of terranes, which resulted from Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous collision between Kazakhstan–Baikal and Siberian continents and Late Carboniferous to Permian and Late Permian to Early Triassic collisions between East European Craton and North Asian continent. As a result, the Vendian to Middle Paleozoic accretion-collisional continental margins of Siberia and the entire Kazakhstan–Baikal composite continent became fragmented by large-amplitude (up to a few thousand kilometers) strike-slip faults and conjugate thrusts into several strike-slip terranes, which mixed with each other and thus disrupted the original geodynamic, tectonic, and paleogeographic demarcation.
Formation and Mesoarchean metamorphism of hypersthene gneisses from the Irkut granulite-gneiss block (Sharyzhalgai uplift in the southwestern Siberian craton)
Authors: Turkina O.M. , Urmantseva L.N. , Berezhnaya N.G. , Skublov S.G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
U-Pb dating (SHRIMP-II) and study of the internal structure and composition were carried out for zircon from hypersthene gneiss from the Irkut granulite-gneiss block (Sharyzhalgai uplift in the southwestern Siberian craton). Three generations of zircon have been revealed in the hypersthene gneiss, which differ in zoning pattern, U and Th concentrations, and REE distribution. Zircon cores with growth zoning relics show a REE pattern typical of magmatic zircon: with a high (Lu/Gd)n value (11–36) and a distinct Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce* = 15–81). They belong to early magmatic generation with an age of ≥3.16 Ga. Multifaced soccerball crystals, rims, and unzoned cores of zircon belong to metamorphic generation; they are depleted in REE and show a lower (Lu/Gd)n value (1.1–9.2) than the magmatic cores. This zircon generation formed as a result of the Mesoarchean high-temperature metamorphism at ~3.04 Ga. The latest zircon generation includes thin outer rims with low (Lu/Gd)n (11–12.4) and Th/U (0.02–0.05) values and long-prismatic crystals with an oscillatory zoning, which resulted from the Paleoproterozoic (~1.85 Ga) granulite metamorphism and partial melting. The different ages of high-temperature metamorphism in the granulite-gneiss (~3.04 and 2.55–2.6 Ga) and granite-greenstone (~3.2 Ga) blocks of the Sharyzhalgai uplift reflect the independent tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution of crust in these structures, up to the final amalgamation in the Paleoproterozoic (1.88–1.85 Ga).
Optimization of breeding output for larval stage of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): prospects for the creation and maintenance of laboratory colony from wild isolates
Authors: Tchuinkam T. , Mpoame M. , Make-Mveinhya B. , Simard F. , Lélé-Defo E. , Zébazé-Togouet S. , Tateng-Ngouateu A. , Awono-Ambéné H.-P. , Antonio-Nkondjio C. , Njiné T. , Fontenille D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDomesticating anopheline species from wild isolates provides an important laboratory tool but requires detailed knowledge of their natural biology and ecology, especially the natural breeding habitats of immature stages. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal values of some parameters of Anopheles gambiae larval development, so as to design a standard rearing protocol of highland isolates, which would ensure: the biggest fourth instars, the highest pupae productivity, the shortest duration of the larval stage and the best synchronization of pupation. The density of larvae, the size of breeding water and the quantity of food supplied were tested for their effect on larval growth. Moreover, three cheap foodstuffs were selected and tested for their capability to improve the breeding yield versus TetraMin® as the standard control. The larval density was a very sensitive parameter. Its optimal value, which was found to be ≈1 cm−2 surface area, yielded a daily pupation peak of 38.7% on day 8 post-oviposition, and a global pupae productivity of 78.7% over a duration range of three days. Anopheles gambiae's larval growth, survival and developmental synchronization were density-dependent, and this species responded to overcrowding by producing smaller fourth instars and fewer pupae, over elongated immature lifetime and duration range of pupae occurrence, as a consequence of intraspecific competition. While shallow breeding waters (<3 cm) produced a higher number of pupae than deeper ones, no effect of the breeding habitat's absolute surface area on larval development was observed. Increasing the daily food supply improved the pupae productivity but also boosted the water pollution level (which was assessed by the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD)) up to a limit depending on the food quality, above which a rapid increase in larval mortality was recorded. The food quality that could substitute the manufactured baby fish food was obtained with weighed mixture of 1 wheat+1 shrimp+2 fish. On establishing an anopheline mosquito colony in the laboratory, special care should be taken to design and maintain the appropriate optimal values of larval density, water depth, daily diet quantity and nutritional quality.
Weather variability impacts on oviposition dynamics of the southern house mosquito at intermediate time scales
Authors: Chaves L.F. , Kitron U.D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOviposition is a major event in the life history of mosquitoes, shaping both individual fitness and vectorial capacity. Several exogenous factors have been shown as important for the dynamic forcing of oviposition at finely (hourly) and coarsely (monthly or season to season) grained temporal scales. However, field studies addressing the interplay of weather factors on oviposition dynamics at the intermediate (days to weeks) time scale are missing. Here, we present the results from a field study that showed the oviposition dynamics of the southern house mosquito,Culex quinquefasciatusSay (Diptera: Culicidae), to be: (i) primarily dictated by relative humidity; and (ii) disrupted by rainfall events that resulted in a modified sensitivity to relative humidity. Rainfall changed the concentration of ammonia, a major limiting resource of microbes used as food by mosquito larvae. Following major rainfall events, the importance of relative humidity in forcing the oviposition dynamics also changed. Finally, our results indicate that qualitative changes in oviposition habitats modify the importance of weather variables as predictors of mosquito oviposition dynamics.
Effects of host species, stage and size on the sex ratio and clutch size of the parasitoid,Dibrachys boarmiae(Walker, 1863) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: Sarikaya A. , Gülel A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEffects of host species, stage and size on clutch size and sex ratio of the gregarious, idiobiont ectoparasitoidDibrachys boarmiaewere investigated at 25±2°C and 70±5% relative humidity. The greater wax moth,Galleria mellonella, small wax moth,Achroia grisella, and early stage solitary larvae of the endoparasitoid,Apanteles galleriae, were used as hosts. Clutch size was greatest from prepupae of the largest host,Galleria mellonella, with a mean of 40.07 offspring per host versus 14.73 and 2.93 forAchroia grisellaandApanteles galleriae, respectively. The mean clutch size from pupae was lower than from prepupae, being 17.27, 10.73 and 2.89 forGalleria mellonella, Achroia grisellaandApanteles galleriae, respectively. Within each host species and stage, heavier hosts resulted in larger clutches. The sex ratio of offspring (proportion of male) was approximately 0.20, with only minor differences among host species, stages and sizes.
Evolution of European Cockchafers (Melolonthinae: Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera): a morphological, molecular and chromosomal study of intra- and inter-specific variations
Authors: Giannoulis T. , Dutrillaux A.-M. , Mamuris Z. , Montreuil O. , Stamatis C. , Dutrillaux B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn cockchafers of the genusMelolontha, there is a marked intraspecific polymorphism for morphological characters, making some specimens of one species resemble another. A cytogenetic and molecular (mitochondrialCOIgene sequence) study of typical and atypical forms ofM. melolonthaandM. hippocastani, captured at the same period and area, was performed. Karyotypes and haplotypes clearly characterize each taxon, placing atypical specimens in one or the other species unambiguously. This formally discards the role of hybridization in phenotypic resemblance, as usually proposed. Karyotypes and haplotypes were compared to those ofM. pectoralisandPhyllophaga pleei, a more distantly related Melolonthinae, and some Dynastinae species, to reconstruct their ancestral karyotype. The karyotype ofM. melolonthais the most derivative and that ofP. pleeithe most conserved among the Melolonthinae studied, which fits with the phylogeny established byCOIgene analysis. Both karyotypes andCOIhaplotypes demonstrate the proximity ofM. pectoralisandM. melolontha. The karyotype ofM. melolonthais polymorphic, without relationship with morphological variations. Finally, the existence of similar morphological variations in differentMelolonthaspecies and chromosomal polymorphism inM. melolonthais discussed in relation with a network (reticulated) mode of speciation.
AMENDMENTS TO HYPOTHESES ON THE PROXIMATE CAUSES OF VARIATION IN HUMAN SEX RATIOS AT BIRTH WITH PARENTAL INFECTION WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS OR TOXOPLASMA GONDII
Authors: JAMES WILLIAM H. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIn a recent paper in this Journal, I offered hypotheses on the offspring sex ratios of women infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, and on the offspring sex ratios of people who are carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (James, 2008). Subsequent research suggests that these hypotheses need amending. A detailed account of the amendments is given elsewhere in a specialized journal (James, 2010a). Here they are summarized.
RISKY BEHAVIOUR AND HIV PREVALENCE AMONG ZAMBIAN MEN
Authors: MALHOTRA NISHA , YANG JONATHAN 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe objective of this paper is to identify demographic, social and behavioural risk factors for HIV infection among men in Zambia. In particular, the role of alcohol, condom use and number of sex partners is highlighted as being significant in the prevalence of HIV. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyse the latest cross-sectional population-based demographic health survey for Zambia (2007). The survey included socioeconomic variables and HIV serostatus for consenting men (N=4434). Risk for HIV was positively related to wealth status. Men who considered themselves to be at high risk of being HIV positive were most likely to be HIV positive. Respondents who, along with their sexual partner, were drunk during the last three times they had sexual intercourse were more likely to be HIV positive (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.56). Men with more than two sexual life partners and inconsistent condom use had a higher risk for being HIV positive (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.45–2.46; and OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10–2.02, respectively). HIV prevention programmes in Zambia should focus even more on these behavioural risk factors.
Scanning electron microscopy of adult Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Von Linstow, 1873) (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Britain
Authors: McCarthy A.M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe surface topography of 15-day-old adult Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Von Linstow, 1873) sensu stricto, from an isolate of the parasite utilizing Lymnaea peregra as first intermediate host in southern England, is described and illustrated using scanning electron microscopy, and is compared to those of other Echinoparyphium species from Europe, and with those of E. recurvatum of East Asian origin. The general morphology of tegumental features was found to be very similar to that of worms of the same age observed in a previous study on a Korean isolate of E. recurvatum. Comparison of collar and body spination of E. recurvatum with other 45-collar-spined members of the genus in Europe revealed some significant differences in morphology. Collar spines of E. recurvatum were found to be shorter and more pointed than those of Echinoparyphium mordwilkoi. The body spines of E. recurvatum are rounded and scale-like, extending just beyond the ventral sucker, contrasting with the pointed, thorn-shaped body spines of E. mordwilkoi, extending posteriorly to the level of the second testis. Body spine shape and distribution in E. recurvatum were found to be more similar to those of Echinoparyphium pseudorecurvatum. The value of SEM studies in elucidating the relationship between members of the genus Echinoparyphium in Britain/Europe and those in Africa, Asia and North America is suggested.
The occurrence of the larval cestode Cysticercus fasciolaris in rodent populations from the Cuxtal ecological reserve, Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Rodríguez-Vivas R.I. , Panti-May J.A. , Parada-López J. , Hernández-Betancourt S.F. , Ruiz-Piña H.A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCysticercus fasciolaris is the larval stage of the cestode Taenia taeniaeformis, whose definitive hosts are mainly cats. This larval stage uses a wide variety of small rodents, and occasionally birds and humans, as intermediate hosts. In the Yucatan, there are no reports of the presence of this cestode in animal populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of C. fasciolaris in rodent populations from the Cuxtal ecological reserve, Yucatan, Mexico. Trapping of rodents was conducted from October 2009 to April 2010 in 40 households in Molas, in which Sherman traps were placed both inside and outside backyards. Rodents were dissected to inspect the liver for the presence of the worm. To determine risk factors associated with infection, univariate analysis was performed using sex, age, species, trapping site, and season as independent variables. Variables with a P value < 0.2 were analysed using a logistic regression model. In this study, 411 individuals of six rodent species were trapped; Mus musculus was the most abundant (78%), followed by Rattus rattus (13%) and the wild species Peromyscus yucatanicus, Ototylomys phyllotis,Heteromys gaumeri and Reithrodontomys gracilis (9%). Only 7.5% (n = 31) of M. musculus and R. rattus were infected with C. fasciolaris (demonstrated by the presence of liver cysts) with a prevalence of 9.0% and 3.5%, respectively. Both adults and male mice were 4.33 and 3.46 (OR values) times more likely to have C. fasciolaris than juveniles and females respectively. We can conclude that in the Cuxtal Reserve, Yucatan, Mexico, the prevalence of C. fasciolaris is higher in M. musculus, and that adult males had a higher probability of infection. Wild species, mainly P. yucatanicus, were not found to be infected with the cestode, but its presence in the backyards of households could result in a potential risk of acquiring this infection.
Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state
Authors: KHAN YASMIN 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe consolidation of the Nehruvian state's sovereignty after Independence is traced here as a contingent event which was tightly linked to the impact of Gandhi's assassination and the mourning rituals which followed his death in 1948. The Congress was able to use the funeral, mortuary rituals and distribution of Gandhi's ashes to assert the power of the state and to stake the Congress Party's right to sovereignty. This intersected with localized and religious expressions of grief. Gandhi's death therefore acted as a bridge, spatially and temporally linking the distant state with the Indian people and underscoring transitions to Independence during the process of postcolonial transition from 1947–1950.
Personal Law and Citizenship in India's Transition to Independence
Authors: NEWBIGIN ELEANOR 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStudies of the post-colonial state have often presented it as a structure that has fallen under the control of self-interested sections of the Indian elite. In terms of citizenship, the failure of the state to do more to realize the egalitarian promise of the Fundamental Rights, set out in the Constitution of 1950, has often been attributed to interference by these powerful elite. Tracing the interplay between debates about Hindu property rights and popular support or tolerance for the notion of individual, liberal citizenship, this paper argues that the principles espoused in the Fundamental Rights were never neutral abstractions but, long before independence, were firmly embedded in the material world of late-colonial political relations. Thus, in certain key regards, the citizen-subject of the Indian Constitution was not the individual, freed from ascriptive categories of gender or religious identity, but firmly tied to the power structures of the community governed by Hindu law.