bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring dynamic stability in a group of intercollegiate athletes
Authors: Liu K , Gustavsen G , Kaminski T W 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDeficits in postural stability have been linked to an increased risk of ankle sprain. Repeated ankle sprains can lead to ankle instability. Time to stabilisation (TTS) has been used to measure dynamic stability.ObjectiveTo determine if differences exist in TTS between stable and unstable ankles.DesignControlled, cross-sectional.SettingBiomechanics Laboratory.Participants64 Division I collegiate athletes (25 females and 39 males, age=18±0.9, height=180.5±10.3 cm, mass=82.5±18.9 kg).InterventionsGroup status (stable vs unstable) was determined by the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Each participant completed hops onto a force plate from four different directions (forward, backward, medial, lateral) and were instructed to land in the middle of the force plate on a single leg, stabilise as quickly as possible, and remain motionless for 5 sec. Three trials were collected for each of the four directions. TTS was quantified as the time it takes the vertical component of the ground reaction force to reach and stay within ±5% of the participant's body mass after landing.Main outcome measurementsTTS (sec) data were analyzed using an independent t-test (p≤0.05) comparing the stable and unstable groups for each of the jump directions.ResultsThere were no significant differences in TTS (sec) between stable and unstable ankles.Jump Directionmean±SD, stablemean±SD, unstablep-valuetBackward1.04±0.551.22±0.510.152−1.442Forward1.17±0.511.20±0.620.792−0.265Lateral1.15±0.561.09±0.500.6260.488Medial1.12±0.501.14±0.640.884−0.146ConclusionContrast to other reports, our results indicate no difference in TTS between subjects that are classified as functionally stable and unstable. The CAIT determines functional instability without consideration for mechanical instability. Although not significant, it appears that the backward direction created the greatest discrepancy in TTS between the groups. We question the sensitivity of our TTS calculations as others have reported different techniques. Additional research is needed employing these refined methods.
Text messaging as a new method for injury registration in sports – a methodological study in elite female football
Authors: Nilstad A , Bahr R , Andersen T E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjury registration is a necessary first step of injury prevention research in sports. However, inconsistencies in injury definitions and recording methods may have contributed to discrepancies in injury rates reported. Previous studies have traditionally been based on injury reporting by team medical staff.ObjectiveTo evaluate a novel methodology employing text messaging (SMS) by players to record injuries, comparing it to routine injury registration by team medical staff.DesignProspective study.MethodsAll teams in the Norwegian elite female football league (N=12, 205 players) reported injuries and exposure in training and matches throughout the 2009 football season (April-November). For the individual registration, we used a new SMS tracking system; all players received three messages once weekly with questions on exposure and injuries. Players reporting time-loss injuries were contacted to complete an injury form through a telephone interview. A designated member of the team medical staff also recorded injuries and team exposure throughout the season.ResultsWe compared data from teams with complete registrations (n=9, 159 players). A total of 232 time-loss injuries were reported; 62% were recorded by individual registration only, 28% by both methods, and 10% by medical staff only. Knee injuries dominated (26%), but only 41% were captured through medical staff reports. The most frequent injury type was ligament injuries (22%), of which 38% were reported by the medical staff. Of the severe injuries (absence >28 days), 31 (50%) were identified from medical staff reports.DiscussionThe medical staff reports underestimated the incidence of time-loss injuries by two-thirds in our setting, which emphasises the importance of individual registration to increase the accuracy of injury incidence in team sports.ConclusionA new method employing text messaging by players to record injuries gave a more complete picture of injuries to elite female football players than team medical staff registration.
The influence of climate type on injury epidemiology in european professional football
Authors: Waldén M , Hägglund M , Kristenson K , Ekstrand J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe influence of different weather conditions on injury risk has only been scarcely investigated.ObjectiveThe objective was to study the influence of climate type on injury epidemiology in men's professional football in Europe.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMen's professional football from nine European football associations.Participants24 clubs followed over a varying number of seasons from 2001/2002 to 2008/2009.Assessment of risk factorsThe assessed risk factor was the climate type according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification System. This system is divided into five climate types based on the average monthly temperature and precipitation. The dominating climate types in Europe are the Mediterranean, the Marine West Coast (MWC), the Humid Continental, and the Subarctic types.Main outcome measurementsThe main outcome measure was the difference in time-loss injury incidence between clubs with Mediterranean (MED) and MWC climate types expressed as a rate ratio (RR) with 95% CI.ResultsExcluding one club belonging to the Humid Continental climate type, there were 16 clubs in MWC group (61 team-seasons) and seven clubs in the MED group (40 team-seasons). The MED group had significantly lower incidence of training (3.5 vs 4.4/1000 h, RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.86) and match (25.5 vs 29.1/1000 h, RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.94) injuries. There were no differences for severe injuries (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.09), strains (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.15) or sprains (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.02). However, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was higher (0.087 vs 0.042/1000 h, RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.90) in the MED group, especially for non-contact ACL injuries (0.083 vs 0.012/1000 h, RR 6.72, 95% CI 2.53 to 17.83).ConclusionClubs with a Mediterranean climate type had lower injury risk in general, but a substantially higher risk of non-contact ACL injury.
An overview of interventions designed to reduce risk factors for sport injury
Authors: McBain K , Shrier I , Shultz R , Meeuwisse W H , Klugl M , Garza D , Matheson G O 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWhile physical activity is associated with an overall reduction in mortality, morbidity and an improved quality of life, it also increases the risk of injury and illness.ObjectiveTo identify gaps in the literature with respect to interventions designed to reduce risk factors for sport injury.DesignReview.DatabasesPubMed, Cinahl, Web of Science, Embase, and Sports Discus were searched.SettingAll ages, sex, levels of competition and Olympic sports were included.Main outcome measurementPattern of publications over time stratified by study design, intervention type, sport and anatomic site.ResultsOnly 144 of 2525 articles retrieved by the search strategy met the inclusion criteria. Cross-over study designs increased by 175% since the late 1980's until 2005 but have declined 32% since. Randomised controlled trial (RCT) study designs increased by 650% since the early 1990's. Protective equipment was the focus of 61.8% of the studies and training the remaining 35.4%. Equipment research studied stability devices (83.1%) and attenuating devices (13.5%) while training research studied balance and coordination (54.9%), strength and power (43.1%) and stretching (15.7%). Almost 92.1% of the studies were of the lower extremity and 78.1% were of the joint (non-bone)-ligament type. 57.5% of the reports studied contact sports, 24.2% collision, and 25.75% non-contact sports.ConclusionWe were surprised to find only 144 publications examining interventions designed to reduce risk factors for sport injury. The decrease in cross-over study design and increase in RCTs indicate a shift in research focus. Most notable was the finding that studies using equipment interventions have been decreasing since 2000 (35% decline) while those using training interventions have been increasing (213% increase).
Evidence in practice: an overview of effective measures to prevent sports injuries
Authors: Vriend I , Kemler E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundMany studies have been performed to gain insight into the effectiveness of measures and training programs to prevent sports injuries. An overview of effective measures is essential in order to translate research results into policy recommendations and interventions, together with insight in potential barriers and possibilities for these measures to be used in real-life.ObjectiveGain insight in current scientific knowledge with regard to the effectiveness of sports injury prevention measures and give recommendations for the use by the athletic population on a national level. Results are published in the European database on injury prevention (http://www.eurosafe.eu.com) and made generally known to the Dutch target population.DesignLiterature was searched systematically and reviewed independently by two researchers on methodology and relevance as an update of a previous study performed in 2000. The results were reviewed by 15 (inter)national experts (sport scientists and/or sport physicians). If research was lacking or contradictory, experts' opinion was used as a guideline.Intervention20 Primary preventive measures were selected that can be used by sport athletes and trainers, including taping and bracing, personal protective equipment, shoe features, warm-up, stretching, and various training programs. Measures are evaluated as single interventions or part of multifaceted training programs.Main outcome measurementsIndications of effectiveness to prevent sports injuries and recommendations for practice and further research are given for every measure.ResultsBased on controlled study designs, only six measures have been proven to be effective for the prevention of sports injuries. Implementation of these measures in real-life is strongly recommended. Several measures lack sufficient evidence.ConclusionThis study emphasises the need of additional research on the efficacy of several measures, and especially to evaluate the effect in real-life on compliance, behaviour and number of injuries. Currently, pilot studies are performed in the Netherlands to evaluate these effects in new interventions.
Radiological evidence of femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic athletes
Authors: Abellàn J , Esparza F , Blanco A , Martínez M , Merino G Ruiz , Lisón A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundFemoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been stated as one of the main causes of early osteoarthritis in the hip. This is particularly important in young athletes. However, there are no data available about the prevalence of radiological signs of FAI in the asymptomatic population. These data would improve the evaluation of athletes with groin pain to prevent further injuries.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to show the prevalence of radiological signs of FAI in non-symptomatic athletes.DesignDescriptive study.SettingSoccer and basketball players enrolled in elite division leagues.ParticipantsPlayers were selected from the teams of the Federation of Soccer and Basketball of Murcia.InterventionsParticipants were clinical and radiologically evaluated. Clinical exam included: range of motion, and anterior and posterior hip impingement tests. Radiological exam included both anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis and axial (frog-leg) views of both hips.Main outcomeRadiographs were assessed to detect signs of FAI (both cam and pincer type). These signs were: pistol grip deformity (PG), coxa vara, alfa angle higher than 50°, anterior offset ratio (OR) lower than 0.18, coxa profunda/Protasio acetabuli (CP/PA), acetabular index lower o equal to 0°, cross-over sign (CO), and posterior wall sign (PW).Results80 athletes were evaluated (mean (SD) age 24.43 (3.21)). PG was present in the 28.8%, alfa was higher than 50° in the 43.8%, CP/PA was detected in the 41.25%, CO was seen in the 25%, and PW in the 8.8%. Clinical signs of FAI, that is, groin pain with provocative test, were positive in the 13.8% of the patients.ConclusionRadiological evaluation shows a high prevalence of signs of FAI in athletic population. However, clinical signs are only present in a few of them.
Injury potential evaluation of the upper extremity and torso of three tennis serve types using a novel markerless motion system
Authors: Abrams G , Sheets A , Corazza S , Andriacchi T , Safran M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe tennis serve is the most common stroke in tennis and is the single stroke most associated with musculoskeletal injury in tennis. Previous investigations have utilised marker-based systems which are prone to error and also have not evaluated all three types of serves.ObjectiveUtilise a novel markerless video system to determine whether the kick and slice serves produced greater forces/torques about the torso and upper extremity versus the flat serve.DesignSingle recording session.SettingOutdoor regulation tennis court.ParticipantsSeven NCAA Division I male tennis players.InterventionsThree successful flat, kick, and slice serves.Main outcome measurementsBack extension angle; total forces at back, shoulder, elbow, and wrist.ResultsMaximum back extension angle was significantly higher for the kick serve versus the slice (40.5 vs 37.3°; p=0.01) while there was a trend towards significance in the kick compared to the flat serve (40.5 vs 38.6°; p=0.096). Maximum external rotation of the shoulder was not significantly different between flat, kick, and slice serves (89.8 vs 90.1 vs 91.5°; p>0.67). The kick serve showed greater total back force (2974 vs 2138 vs 2568 N; p<0.05) and posterior shoulder force (1370 vs 809 vs 741 N, p<0.05) versus the flat and slice. The slice serve demonstrated lower torques at the elbow (71.1 vs 87.0 vs 89.3 N-m; p<0.05) and wrist (20.9 vs 33.5 vs 27.9 N-m; p<0.05) compared to the flat and kick serves.ConclusionThe kick serve places higher stresses on the back and shoulder while the slice is the least injurious to the elbow and wrist. This data may help provide guidelines for injury prevention, rehabilitation, and possibly for return to play after injury or surgery.
Can specific treatment prevent progressive tendon degeneration?
Authors: Alfredson H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundTendon degeneration is generally believed to be irreversible.ObjectiveTo use ultrasound to study the Achilles midportion tendon structure and thickness before and after treatment of chronic painful tendinosis.DesignProspective study.Patients and interventionsMiddle aged patients on varying activity levels, having midportion chronic Achilles tendinosis, were followed with ultrasound examinations before and after treatment with eccentric training, sclerosing polidocanol injections and surgical scraping.Outcome measurementsTendon thickness and structure.Results89 patients successfully treated (pain-free during tendon loading) with eccentric training (n=22), sclerosing polidocanol injections (n=38) and surgical scraping (n=29), had a significantly thinner Achilles midportion and a more normal tendon structure, after compared to before, treatment.ConclusionFor the Achilles midportion, tendon degeneration might not be irreversible. The findings indicate a possible regeneration potential.
Effects of whole body vibration training on dynamic balance in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Amano H , Nakata K , Mae T , Kohda H , Shimomura K , Satoh M , Shino K , Yoshikawa H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundMotor performance depends on the integration and utilisation of a range of different abilities, such as muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. Improving these abilities is thus important for improving motor performance. Training using whole body vibration (WBV) comprises one of these new methods.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of WBV training in comparison with conventional training on knee proprioception and postural stability.DesignThis study was performed using randomisation, single blinding and prospective.SettingHealthy volunteers were enrolled in this study by recruitment to the postgraduate students whose sports activity level was recreational.Patients and Interventions12 healthy volunteers were randomly divided to undergo 12 sessions of training per 4 weeks with (WBV group) or without (CTL group) WBV training.Main outcome measurementsAbsolute error in joint repositioning at two target angles (30° and 60°) was determined with the Biodex dynamometer system, and static and dynamic postural stability (single-leg standing with eyes closed, forward single-leg drop jump (F-SDJ), and lateral single-leg drop jump (L-SDJ)) with a force plate were measured pre- and post-exercise at sessions 1, 6, and 12, respectively.ResultsThe improvement in dynamic postural stability in the WBV group was significantly greater than in the CTL group (p<0.05). In particular, L-SDJ at session 6, F-SDJ and L-SDJ at sessions 6 and 12, and total length of the centroid track improved from pre- to post-exercise. There were no significant differences between the WBV and CTL groups for static postural stability or in the average absolute angular error at 60° and 30°.ConclusionWBV was effective in improving balance in healthy volunteers, with more difficult balancing tasks showing greater improvement at earlier stages.
The impact of serious sport and active recreation injuries on physical activity levels
Authors: Andrew N , Gabbe B J , Wolfe R , Cameron P A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundSport and active recreation are important avenues for health enhancing physical activity. These health benefits can however be negated by injury. The impact of sport and active recreation injury on long term physical activity levels has yet to be investigated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of serious sport and active recreation injury on patients' long-term physical activity levels.DesignProspective cohort study with 12-month follow-up.SettingTwo Level 1 trauma centres and one regional hospital in Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsAdults admitted to hospital with orthopaedic sport and active recreation injuries and captured by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry were recruited from the two Level 1 trauma centres and one regional hospital over a 12-month time period. A total of 324 patients entered the study and 98% were followed up at 12-months post-injury.Assessment of risk factorsIndependent variables used in the analyses were sporting group, age, sex, education level, major trauma classification (Injury Severity Score>15), injury patterns and disability at 12-months post-injury.Main outcome measurementThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire.ResultsAt 12-months post-injury participants reported significant reductions in physical activity levels (p<0.001) with median levels reduced by two thirds. Those reporting no disability as measured by the Extended Glasgow Outcomes Scale at 12-months, still reported significant reductions in physical activity (p<0.001) with median levels reduced by more than half and vigorous activity being performed half as frequently. Multivariate regression analysis found no significant predictors of physical activity levels at 12-months.ConclusionSport and active recreation injuries lead to significant reductions in physical activity levels, with potential negative health impacts in the future. The importance of sports injury prevention in maintaining population physical activity and the need to better understand why patients do not return to pre-injury activity levels is highlighted.
The effects of tai chi class on subjective exercise experiences: a preliminary study in community sports centre settings
Authors: Baltsezak S , Dilliway G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundExercise Referral Schemes (ERS) are aimed at local residents to encourage them to become physically active. General practitioners use ERS when they feel their patients can benefit from organised physical activity. Subjective psychological states that occur during and after exercise are likely predictors of whether individuals are willing to adopt and maintain lifestyles that include physical activity. Therefore if Tai Chi (TC) class improves psychological affect it could be included in the range of physical activities offered to the scheme participants.ObjectiveThis study examines short term effects of TC class on subjective well being of patients referred to ERS.DesignWithin subject comparison of changes in a pre-test post-test design.InterventionsSubjective Exercise Experiences (SEES) were measured by validated questionnaire before and after the TC class. TC class consisted of warm up (10 min), learning TC techniques (25 min), performing Yang style eight steps form (7 min), and cool down (3 min). Brief Physical Activity and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also recorded by validated questionnaires.SettingCommunity Sports centre.Participants13 TC-naive volunteers (mean age 47) were recruited via ERS.ResultsMean RPE after TC class was 12.31 with 95% CI 10.7 to 13.8. Mean score for Positive well being improved from 15.1 to 20.5 (P-value 0.004), Mean score for Psychological distress decreased from to 12.7 to 9.4 (P-value 0.080), scores for Fatigue also decreased from 14.4 to 12.2 (P-value 0.21).Even though mean SEES scores showed improvements in all three categories, only improvements in Positive well being was very statistically significant.ConclusionThis is the first study in the UK exploring psychological effects of TC on people taking part in ERS. The results demonstrate psychological benefits after participating in a single TC class. TC can be included in the range of physical activities offered by ERS.
From explicit to implicit learning in ACL injury prevention?
Authors: Benjaminse A , Bisschop M , Schoenmakers P , Otten E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDespite reported early successes, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates have not diminished. Currently explicit learning strategies are mainly used for prevention. However, this may be unsuitable for the control of complex motor skills.ObjectiveThe purpose was to investigate explicit and implicit learning while keeping balance on a 4 mm narrow ridge. Results can contribute to the development of ACL injury prevention programs.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingLaboratory based study with recreational athletes.Participants60 healthy subjects between 18 and 24 years were recruited from the university population. Females (n=36) and males (n=24) were equally distributed over three groups; implicit learning, explicit learning and the control group.InterventionsBalance time on the ridge was investigated where the groups received different types of feedback after each trial; implicit (visual feedback from video of the best trial so far), explicit (instructions) and no feedback. During the retention test after 2 weeks none of the subjects received any feedback. All subjects conducted 25 trials during both measurements. The independent t-test was used in SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) where the alpha level was set a priori at p<0.05.Main outcomeMeasures Grow of balance time (based on first grade regression line).ResultsGrowth during the intervention for implicit, explicit and control was 2.36 (SD ± 3.21; p=0.009), 1.53 (SD ± 2.09; p=0.001) and 0.84 (SD ± 1.26; p=0.209) respectively. Growth of the implicit group was significantly different from the control group (p=0.03). No other significant differences were found. Growth and group differences were not significant from each other during the retention test (p>0.05).ConclusionBefore use in the clinical setting, future research is needed to evaluate and improve the learning strategies. SD were high, which could explain the results.