bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-energy density cellulose nanofibre supercapacitors enabled by pseudo-solid water molecules
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Yokotsuka Tomonori , Morita Masahiro , Ito Tatsunori , Yada Minoru , Nakatani Takeshi , Hashida Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompared with conventional electrochemical supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, the novel amorphous cellulose nanofibre (ACF) supercapacitor demonstrates superior electric storage capacity with a high-power density, owing to its fast-charging capability and high-voltage performance. This study unveils introduces an ACF supercapacitor characterised by a substantial energy density. This is achieved by integrating a singular layer of pseudo-solid water molecules (electrical resistivity of 1.11 × 108 Ω cm) with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), establishing forming an electric double layer at the electrode interface. The enhanced energy storage in these high-energy density capacitors (8.55 J/m2) is explicated through the polarisation of protons and lone pair electrons on oxygen atoms during water electrolysis, commencing at 1.23 V. Improvements in energy density are attainable through CNF density enhancements and charging-current optimisation. The proposed ACF supercapacitor offers substantial promise for integration into the power sources of flexible and renewable paper-based electronic devices.
The impact of square dancing on psychological well-being and life satisfaction among aging women
Authors: Liu Xi , Du Qinjin , Fan Hongying , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the most popular sport among middle-aged and elderly women in China, square dancing has both physical and psychological benefits for menopausal women. Previous studies have shown that square dance exercises can promote the physical health of older women, but there is a lack of research on the influence of middle-aged and elderly women on mental health and mediating variables. Therefore, this study starts with one of the important indicators of mental health—positive affects, aiming to explore the impact of square dance on the positive emotions of elderly women and further explore the mediating mechanisms involved. We send out The Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale to a total of 2311 middle-aged and elderly women. SPSS 23 software and PROCESS were used to perform regression analysis and establish mediation models. Modeling results show square dance exercises could positively predict positive affect through the chain mediating effect of psychological resilience and life satisfaction. The results of this study are of great significance for promoting the extensive participation of middle-aged and elderly women in sports and protecting their mental health.
Quintic refractive index profile-based funnel-shaped silicon antireflective structures for enhanced photodetector performance
Authors: Kim Beom-Jun , Jo Min-Seung , Yang Jae-Soon , Chung Myung-Kun , Kim Sung-Ho , Yoon Jun-Bo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAntireflection, vital in optoelectronics devices such as solar cells and photodetectors, reduces light reflection and increases absorption. Antireflective structures (ARS), a primary method by which to realize this effect, control the refractive index (RI) profile based on their shape. The antireflection efficiency depends on the refractive index profile, with the quintic RI profile being recognized as ideal for superior antireflection. However, fabricating nano-sized structures with a desired shape, particularly in silicon with a quintic RI profile, has been a challenge. In this study, we introduce a funnel-shaped silicon (Si) ARS with a quintic RI profile. Its antireflective properties are demonstrated through reflectance measurements and by an application to a photodetector surface. Compared to the film Si and cone-shaped ARS types, which are common structures to achieve antireflection, the funnel-shaped ARS showed reflectance of 4.24% at 760 nm, whereas those of the film Si and cone-shaped ARS were 32.8% and 10.6%, respectively. Photodetectors with the funnel-shaped ARS showed responsivity of 0.077 A/W at 950 nm, which is 19.54 times higher than that with the film Si and 2.45 times higher than that with the cone-shaped ARS.
The AAA-ATPase Ter94 regulates wing size in Drosophila by suppressing the Hippo pathway
Authors: Li Mingming , Ding Wenhao , Deng Yanran , Zhao Yunhe , Liu Qingxin , Zhou Zizhang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInsect wing development is a fascinating and intricate process that involves the regulation of wing size through cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we find that Ter94, an AAA-ATPase, is essential for proper wing size dependently on its ATPase activity. Loss of Ter94 enables the suppression of Hippo target genes. When Ter94 is depleted, it results in reduced wing size and increased apoptosis, which can be rescued by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. Biochemical experiments reveal that Ter94 reciprocally binds to Mer, a critical upstream component of the Hippo pathway, and disrupts its interaction with Ex and Kib. This disruption prevents the formation of the Ex-Mer-Kib complex, ultimately leading to the inactivation of the Hippo pathway and promoting proper wing development. Finally, we show that hVCP, the human homolog of Ter94, is able to substitute for Ter94 in modulating Drosophila wing size, underscoring their functional conservation. In conclusion, Ter94 plays a positive role in regulating wing size by interfering with the Ex-Mer-Kib complex, which results in the suppression of the Hippo pathway.
Loneliness corresponds with neural representations and language use that deviate from shared cultural perceptions
Authors: Broom Timothy W. , Iyer Siddhant , Courtney Andrea L. , Meyer Meghan L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe word zeitgeist refers to common perceptions shared in a given culture. Meanwhile, a defining feature of loneliness is feeling that one’s views are not shared with others. Does loneliness correspond with deviating from the zeitgeist? Across two independent brain imaging datasets, lonely participants’ neural representations of well-known celebrities strayed from group-consensus neural representations in the medial prefrontal cortex—a region that encodes and retrieves social knowledge (Studies 1 A/1B: N = 40 each). Because communication fosters social connection by creating shared reality, we next asked whether lonelier participants’ communication about well-known celebrities also deviates from the zeitgeist. Indeed, when a strong group consensus exists, lonelier individuals use idiosyncratic language to describe well-known celebrities (Study 2: N = 923). Collectively, results support lonely individuals’ feeling that their views are not shared. This suggests loneliness may not only reflect impoverished relationships with specific individuals, but also feelings of disconnection from prevalently shared views of contemporary culture.
A census of new globular clusters in the Galactic bulge
Authors: Bica E. , Ortolani S. , Barbuy B. , Oliveira R. A. P. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The number of known globular clusters in the Galactic bulge has been increasing steadily thanks to different new surveys.
Aims. The aim of this study is to provide a census of the newly revealed globular clusters in the Galactic bulge, and analyze their characteristics.
Methods. In recent years, many globular clusters have been discovered or identified. The stellar populations to which they belong are indicated in their original studies: they are mostly bulge clusters, with some identified as disk or halo members. We collected 41 new globular clusters revealed in the last decade and compared them to the known bulge clusters.
Results. The new clusters are intrinsically faint with MV of around −6.0 mag. The distance to the Sun of the ensemble of well-known and new bulge clusters is compatible with the Galactocentric distance measurements from the Galactic black hole location. The ensemble sample shows metallicity peaks at [Fe/H] ∼ −1.08 ± 0.35 and −0.51 ± 0.25 dex, confirming previous findings. The age–metallicity relation of the new clusters younger than 10 Gyr is compatible with that of the ex situ samples of the dwarf galaxies Sagittarius, Canis Majoris, and Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage. The clusters with ages between 11.5 and 13.5 Gyr show no age–metallicity relation, because they are all old. This is compatible with their formation in situ in the early Galaxy.
Probing the intergalactic medium during the Epoch of Reionization using 21 cm signal power spectra
Authors: Ghara R. , Shaw A. K. , Zaroubi S. , Ciardi B. , Mellema G. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Acharya A. , Choudhury M. , Giri S. K. , Iliev I. T. , Ma Q. , Mertens F. G. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The redshifted 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) directly probes the ionization and thermal states of the intergalactic medium during that period. In particular, the distribution of the ionized regions around the radiating sources during EoR introduces scale-dependent features in the spherically averaged EoR 21 cm signal power spectrum.
Aims. The goal is to study these scale-dependent features at different stages of reionization using numerical simulations and to build a source model-independent framework to probe the properties of the intergalactic medium using EoR 21 cm signal power spectrum measurements.
Methods. Under the assumption of high spin temperature, we modeled the redshift evolution of the ratio of the EoR 21 cm brightness temperature power spectrum to the corresponding density power spectrum using an ansatz consisting of a set of redshift and scale-independent parameters. This set of eight parameters probes the redshift evolution of the average ionization fraction and the quantities related to the morphology of the ionized regions.
Results. We tested this ansatz on different reionization scenarios generated using different simulation algorithms and found that it is able to recover the redshift evolution of the average neutral fraction within an absolute deviation ≲0.1.
Conclusions. Our framework allows us to interpret 21 cm signal power spectra in terms of parameters related to the state of the IGM. This source model-independent framework is able to efficiently constrain reionization scenarios using multi-redshift power spectrum measurements with ongoing and future radio telescopes such as LOFAR, MWA, HERA, and SKA. This will add independent information regarding the EoR IGM properties.
EPN2EOS Data Transfer System
Authors: Şuiu Alice Florenţa , Grigoraş Costin , Weisz Sergiu , Betev Latchezar 
Published: May 2024

ALICE is one of the four large experiments at the CERN LHC designed to study the structure and origins of matter in collisions of heavy ions and protons at ultra-relativistic energies. To collect, store, and process the experimental data, ALICE uses hundreds of thousands of CPU cores and more than 400 PB of different types of storage resources.
During the LHC Run 3, started in 2022, ALICE is running with an upgraded detector and an entirely new data acquisition system (DAQ), capable of collecting 100 times more events than the previous setup. One of the key elements of the new DAQ is the Event Processing Nodes (EPN) farm, which currently comprises 250 servers, each equipped with 8 MI50 AMD GPU accelerators. The role of the EPN cluster is to compress the detector data in real-time. During heavy-ion data taking the experiment collects about 900 GB/s from the sensors, compressed down to 100 GB/s, and then written to a 130 PB persistent disk buffer for further processing. The EPNs handle data streams, called Time Frames, of 10 ms duration from the detector independently from each other and write the output, called Compressed Time Frames (CTF), to their local disk. The CTFs must be transferred to the disk buffer and removed from the EPNs as soon as possible, to be able to continue collecting data from the experiment. The data transfer functions are performed by the new EPN2EOS system that was introduced in the ALICE experiment in Run 3. EPN2EOS is highly optimized to perform the copy functions in parallel with the EPN data compression algorithms and has extensive monitoring and alerting capabilities to support the ALICE experiment operators. The service has been in production since November 2021. This paper presents the architecture, implementation, and analysis of its first years of utilization.
Enhancing data integrity and resilience: Extending the CERN backup system with a tape-based backend
Authors: Del Monte Gianmaria , Labrador Gonzalez Hugo , Rademakers Fons , Valverde Roberto 
Published: May 2024

The CERN IT Department is responsible for ensuring the integrity and security of data stored in the IT Storage Services. General storage backends such as EOS, CERNBox and CephFS are used to store data for a wide range of use cases for all stakeholders at CERN, including experiment project spaces and user home directories.
In recent years a backup system, cback, was developed based on the open source backup program restic. cback is currently used to backup about 2.5 billion files and 18PB stored on disks in the CERN Computing Center. To significantly increase the reliability and security of the backups and reduce the storage costs, by limiting the amount of data on disk, we have added a tape storage backend to cback.
With this addition cback can reliably be extended to new use cases, like backing up any local mountable file system, such as EOS, CephFS, NFS or DFS. In this paper we will describe the architecture and implementation of cback with the new tape storage backend and a number of developments planned for the near future.
General purpose data streaming platform for log analysis, anomaly detection and security protection
Authors: Amori Francesco , Antonelli Stefano , Ciaschini Vincenzo , Falabella Antonio , Fattibene Enrico , Fornari Federico , Lattanzio Daniele , Michelotto Diego , Morganti Lucia 
Published: May 2024

INFN-CNAF is one of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) Tier-1 data centres, providing computing, networking and storage resources to a wide variety of scientific collaborations, not limited to the four LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments. The INFN-CNAF data centre will move to a new location next year. At the same time, the requirements from our experiments and users are becoming increasingly challenging and new scientific communities have started or will soon start exploiting our resources. Currently, we are reengineering several services, in particular our monitoring infrastructure, in order to improve the day-by-day operations and to cope with the increasing complexity of the use cases and with the future expansion of the centre.
This scenario led us to implement a data streaming infrastructure designed to enable log analysis, anomaly detection, threat hunting, integrity monitoring and incident response. Such data streaming platform has been organised to manage different kinds of data coming from heterogeneous sources, to support multi-tenancy and to be scalable. Moreover, we will be able to provide an on demand end-to-end data streaming application to those users/communities requesting such kind of facility.
The infrastructure is based on the Apache Kafka platform, which provides streaming of events at large scale, with authorization and authentication configured at the topic level for ensuring data isolation and protection. Data can be consumed by different applications, such as those devoted to log analysis, which provide the capability to index large amounts of data and implement appropriate access policies to inspect and visualise information.
In this contribution we will present and motivate our technological choices for the definition of the infrastructure, we will describe its components and we will depict use cases which can be addressed with this platform.
The ATLAS Alarm Helper
Authors: Haslbeck Florian , Solans Sánchez Carlos , Asensi Tortajada Ignacio , Bortoletto Daniela , Rummler André , Uribe Gustavo A. 
Published: May 2024

The Detector Safety System is the last line of defence to protect the ATLAS detector against abnormal and potentially even unforeseen situations. It is designed to return the detector to a safe state based on predefined actions triggered by alarms which are triggered on their part by specific sets of conditions. Every alarm whether it results in an action taken or not is followed up by the operations team that assesses the criticality, takes countermeasures and identifies the point of failure. From experience abnormal situations can result either from faults or from side effects of planned interventions which were either not properly identified despite the mandatory planning and review or where a mistake during execution occurred. In many cases there are multiple interventions ongoing simultaneously in order to profit from shutdown periods. The rapid analysis of alarms while the incident is ongoing is often complicated due to the complexity of the ATLAS detector and its infrastructure and the large number of responsible groups and experts.
A new Alarm Helper tool was designed to assist the operation team, particularly the operator in the control room responsible for infrastructure and safety (SLIMOS – Shift Leader in Matters of Safety), by providing real-time information about ongoing interventions and the possible related causes of failure. The new tool will combine historical events, documentation, and limited knowledge about ongoing interventions. It extends the Expert System which visualizes and simulates infrastructure inter-dependencies and allows to trace faults or alarms to a list of potential points of failure. The new tool also proposes which experts should be contacted in the particular circumstances.
Analysis Tools in Geant4
Authors: Hřivnáčová Ivana , Barrand Guy 
Published: May 2024

The analysis category was introduced in Geant4 more than ten years ago (in 2011) with the aim to provide users with a lightweight analysis tool, available as part of the Geant4 installation without the need to link to an external analysis package. It helps capture statistical data in the form of histograms and n-tuples and store these in files in four various formats. It was already presented at CHEP multiple times, the last time five years ago. In this article we give an update on its evolution since then.
We will report on new functionalities: the connection of the analysis to visualization, flexibility in the selection of the output files and also saving data in multiple formats from the same simulation run, and new support for data object cycles in the latest version Geant4 11.1.
We will then present the evolution of its design including the major update in the past two years that allowed the introduction of a new Generic analysis manager. In particular, we will discuss the advantages of our design choice based on the so-called Non Virtual Interface pattern: the code robustness and stability in the context of the code evolution over more than ten years.
Finally, we will present the continuous code improvements using static code analysis and sanitizer tools.
Development of particle flow algorithms based on Neural Network techniques for the IDEA calorimeter at future colliders
Authors: D’Onofrio Adelina , Di Micco Biagio , Biglietti Michela 
Published: May 2024

IDEA (Innovative Detector for an Electron-positron Accelerator) is an innovative general-purpose detector concept, designed to study electron-positron collisions at future e+e− circular colliders. The detector will be equipped with a dual read-out calorimeter able to measure separately the hadronic component and the electromagnetic component of the showers initiated by the impinging hadrons.
Particle flow algorithms (PFAs) have become the paradigm of detector design for the high energy frontier and this work focuses on a project to build a particle flow algorithm for the IDEA detector using Machine Learning (ML) techniques. ML is used for particle reconstruction and identification profiting of the high granularity of the fiber-based dual-readout calorimeter. Neural Networks (NN) are built for electron reconstruction inside the calorimeter. The performance of several NN architectures is shown, with particular attention to the layer setup and the activation function choices. The performance is evaluated on the energy resolution function of the reconstructed particles. The algorithm is trained using both parallel CPUs and GPU, and the time performance and the memory usage of the two approaches are systematically compared.
Dynamic scheduling using CPU oversubscription in the ALICE Grid
Authors: Bertran Ferrer Marta , Grigoras Costin , Badia Rosa M. 
Published: May 2024

The ALICE Grid is designed to perform a realtime comprehensive monitoring of both jobs and execution nodes in order to maintain a continuous and consistent status of the Grid infrastructure. An extensive database of historical data is available and is periodically analyzed to tune the workflows and data management to optimal performance levels. This data, when evaluated in real time, has the power to trigger decisions for efficient resource management of the currently running payloads, for example to enable the execution of a higher volume of work per unit of time. In this article, we consider scenarios in which, through constant interaction with the monitoring agents, a dynamic adaptation of the running workflows is performed. The target resources are memory and CPU with the objective of using them in their entirety and ensuring optimal utilization fairness between executing jobs.
Grid resources are heterogeneous and of different generations, which means that some of them have better hardware characteristics than the minimum required to execute ALICE jobs. Our middleware, JAliEn, works on the basis of having at least 2 GB of RAM allocated per core (allowing up to 8 GB of virtual memory when including swap). Many of the worker nodes have higher memory per core ratios than these basic limits and in terms of available memory they therefore have free resources to accommodate extra jobs. The running jobs may have different behaviors and unequal resource usages depending on their nature. For example, analysis tasks are I/O bound while Monte-Carlo tasks are CPU intensive. Running additional jobs with complementary resource usage patterns on a worker node has a great potential to increase its total efficiency. This paper presents the methodology to exploit the different resource usage profiles by oversubscribing the worker nodes with extra jobs taking into account their CPU resource usage levels and memory capacity.