bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term cardiovascular disease risk after anthracycline and trastuzumab treatments in US breast cancer survivors
Authors: Vo Jacqueline B , Ramin Cody , Veiga Lene H S , Brandt Carolyn , Curtis Rochelle E , Bodelon Clara , Barac Ana , Roger Véronique L , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Buist Diana S M , Bowles Erin J Aiello , Gierach Gretchen L , Berrington de González Amy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Although breast cancer survivors are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) from treatment late effects, evidence to inform long-term and age-specific cardiovascular surveillance recommendations is lacking.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 10 211 women diagnosed with first primary unilateral breast cancer in Kaiser Permanente Washington or Colorado (aged 20 years and older, survived ≥1 year). We estimated multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between initial chemotherapy regimen type (anthracycline and/or trastuzumab, other chemotherapies, no chemotherapy [referent]) and CVD risk, adjusted for patient characteristics, other treatments, and CVD risk factors. Cumulative incidence was calculated considering competing events.

Results
After 5.79 median years, 14.67% of women developed CVD (cardiomyopathy and/or heart failure [HF], ischemic heart disease, stroke). Women treated with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab had a higher risk of CVD compared with no chemotherapy (adjusted HR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31 to 1.79), persisting at least 5 years postdiagnosis (adjusted HR5-&lt;10 years = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.44 to 2.39; adjusted HR≥10 years = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.34 to 2.49). Cardiomyopathy and/or HF risks were elevated among women treated with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab compared with no chemotherapy, especially for those aged younger than 65 years (adjusted HR20-54years = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.72 to 5.12; adjusted HR55-64years = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.52 to 3.21), differing for older women (adjusted HR≥65 years = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.97 to 1.78), and at least 5 years postdiagnosis (adjusted HR5-&lt;10years = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.35 to 2.64; adjusted HR≥10 years = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.52 to 3.20). Anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab receipt was associated with increased ischemic heart disease risks after 5 or more years (adjusted HR5-&lt;10years = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.06 to 2.14; adjusted HR≥10 years = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.18 to 2.93) with no clear age effects, and stroke risk (adjusted HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.69), which did not vary by time or age. There was some evidence of long-term cardiomyopathy and/or HF and ischemic heart disease risks with other chemotherapies. Among women aged younger than 65 treated with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab, up to 16% developed CVD by 10 years (20-54 years = 6.91%; 55-64 years = 16.00%), driven by cardiomyopathy and/or HF (20-54 years = 3.90%; 55-64 years = 9.78%).

Conclusions
We found increased long-term risks of cardiomyopathy and/or HF and ischemic heart disease among breast cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab and increased cardiomyopathy and/or HF risk among women aged younger than 65 years.
Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in men exposed to α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists
Authors: Björnebo Lars , Razdan Shirin , Discacciati Andrea , Palsdottir Thorgerdur , Aly Markus , Nordström Tobias , Eklund Martin , Lundon Dara , Grönberg Henrik , Tewari Ash , Wiklund Peter , Kyprianou Natasha , Lantz Anna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
α1-Adrenergic receptor antagonists are commonly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Preclinical studies suggest that they induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth. This study evaluated the risk of prostate cancer death in men using α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists.

Methods
A population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden (January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019) included 451 779 men with a prostate-specific antigen test result. Study entry was 1 year after the first prostate-specific antigen test. Men were considered exposed at their second filled prescription. The primary outcome was prostate cancer mortality. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and prostate cancer incidence. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all outcomes. Inverse-probability weighting with marginal structural models accounted for time-dependent confounders.

Results
Of 351 297 men in the final cohort, 39 856 (11.3%) were exposed to α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Median (interquartile range) follow-up for prostate cancer mortality was 8.9 (5.1-10.9) years; median (interquartile range) exposure time to α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists was 4.4 (2.0-7.6) years. There was no evidence of an association between α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist use and prostate cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, or high-grade prostate cancer. α1-Adrenergic receptor antagonist use was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.17) and low-grade prostate cancer (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.33). Men whose prostate cancer was treated with α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists underwent more frequent prostate-specific antigen testing.

Conclusions
Our findings show no significant association between α1-adrenergic receptor adrenoceptor antagonist exposure and prostate cancer mortality or high-grade prostate cancer. Although the preclinical evidence indicates a potential chemopreventive effect, this study’s findings do not support it.
Probabilistic scenario-based assessment of national food security risks with application to Egypt and Ethiopia
Authors: Koundouri P , Papayiannis G I , Vassilopoulos A , Yannacopoulos A N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to assessing food security risks at the national level, employing a probabilistic scenario-based framework that integrates both Shared Socio-economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways. This innovative method allows each scenario, encompassing socio-economic, and climate factors, to be treated as a model capable of generating diverse trajectories. This approach offers a more dynamic understanding of food security risks under varying future conditions. The paper details the methodologies employed, showcasing their applicability through a focused analysis of food security challenges in Egypt and Ethiopia, and underscores the importance of considering a spectrum of socio-economic and climatic factors in national food security assessments.
Fishbone perforating Meckel’s diverticulum: an acute appendicitis mimicker
Authors: Kafle Sujan , Chhetri Varsha , Jha Binesh , Bhujel Nabin , Khadka Rambabu , Das Subhash Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Perforation of Meckel’s diverticulum by a foreign body is rare, but when it occurs, it can mimic acute appendicitis, leading to diagnostic challenges. We present a case of a 45-year-old male initially diagnosed with acute appendicitis, but intra-operative exploration revealed a perforated Meckel’s diverticulum with a fish bone. Meckel’s diverticulum perforation remains diagnostically elusive, highlighting the need for intra-operative vigilance in cases of inconsistent findings like the presence of bilious fluid in the abdominal cavity. This case report underscores the importance of considering perforated Meckel’s diverticulum in the differential diagnosis of right iliac fossa pain and the necessity of surgical exploration for atypical presentations to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Valve-sparing double root replacement after the Ross procedure
Authors: Aichi Chiaki , Itatani Keiichi , Kawase Takumi , Suda Hisao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An inherent limitation of the Ross procedure is long-term two valve disease which will require repetitive reintervention. In this case, a 31-year-old man who had underwent Ross operation due to congenital bicuspid valve 20 years before, underwent double root replacement: valve sparing root reimplantation concomitant with the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction with a bioprosthesis for severe RVOT stenosis. Although the diameter of autograft root was 42 mm and aortic insufficiency was mild, we added root surgery due to concerns regarding autograft root dilation in response to left ventricular volume load after RVOT reconstruction. The postoperative echocardiogram showed minimal aortic valve regurgitation and normal blood flow in the RVOT, and he was discharged from the hospital on the 17th day after the surgery. In this report, we present the outcomes of Valve-sparing double root replacement following Ross surgery.
Discovery of evolving low-frequency QPOs in hard X-rays (∼100 keV) observed in black hole Swift J1727.8−1613 with AstroSat
Authors: Nandi Anuj , Das Santabrata , Majumder Seshadri , Katoch Tilak , Antia H M , Shah Parag 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the first detection of evolving low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (LFQPO) frequencies in hard X-rays upto 100 keV with AstroSat/LAXPC during ‘unusual’ outburst phase of Swift J1727.8−1613 in hard intermediate state (HIMS). The observed LFQPO in 20–100 keV has a centroid $\nu _{_{\rm QPO}}=1.43$ Hz, a coherence factor Q = 7.14 and an amplitude ${\rm rms_{_{\rm QPO}}} = 10.95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ with significance σ = 5.46. Type-C QPOs (1.09–2.6 Hz) are found to evolve monotonically during HIMS of the outburst with clear detection in hard X-rays (80−100 keV), where ${\rm rms_{_{\rm QPO}}}$ decreases ($\sim 12\!-\!3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) with energy. Further, $\nu _{_{\rm QPO}}$ is seen to correlate (anticorrelate) with low- (high-) energy flux in 2–20 keV (15–50 keV). Wide-band (0.7−40 keV) energy spectrum of NICER/XTI and AstroSat/LAXPC is satisfactorily described by the ‘dominant’ thermal Comptonization contribution (∼88 per cent) in presence of a ‘weak’ signature of disc emissions (kTin ∼ 0.36 keV) indicating the harder spectral distribution. Considering source mass $M_{\rm BH}=10\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ and distance 1.5 &lt; d (kpc) &lt; 5, the unabsorbed bolometric luminosity is estimated as $\sim 0.03\!-\!0.92{{\ \rm per\ cent}}\, L_{\rm Edd}$. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings in the context of accretion dynamics around black hole X-ray binaries.
Macroevolutionary Dynamics in Micro-organisms: Generalists Give Rise to Specialists Across Biomes in the Ubiquitous Bacterial Phylum Myxococcota
Authors: Padfield Daniel , Kay Suzanne , Vos Rutger , Quince Christopher , Vos Michiel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Prokaryotes dominate the Tree of Life, but our understanding of the macroevolutionary processes generating this diversity is still limited. Habitat transitions are thought to be a key driver of prokaryote diversity. However, relatively little is known about how prokaryotes successfully transition and persist across environments, and how these processes might vary between biomes and lineages. Here, we investigate biome transitions and specialization in natural populations of a focal bacterial phylum, the Myxococcota, sampled across a range of replicated soils and freshwater and marine sediments in Cornwall (UK). By targeted deep sequencing of the protein-coding gene rpoB, we found &gt;2,000 unique Myxococcota lineages, with the majority (77%) classified as biome specialists and with only &lt;5% of lineages distributed across the salt barrier. Discrete character evolution models revealed that specialists in one biome rarely transitioned into specialists in another biome. Instead, evolved generalism mediated transitions between biome specialists. State-dependent diversification models found variation in speciation rates across the tree, but this variation was independent of biome association or specialization. Our findings were robust to phylogenetic uncertainty, different levels of species delineation, and different assumed amounts of unsampled diversity resulting in an incomplete phylogeny. Overall, our results are consistent with a “jack-of-all-trades” tradeoff where generalists suffer a cost in any individual environment, resulting in rapid evolution of niche specialists and shed light on how bacteria could transition between biomes.
The OMERACT giant cell arteritis ultrasonography score: a potential predictive outcome for assessing the risk of relapse during follow-up
Authors: Molina-Collada Juan , Monjo-Henry Irene , Fernández-Fernández Elisa , Álvaro-Gracia José María , de Miguel Eugenio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether the OMERACT GCA US Score (OGUS) change after treatment can be used for assessing the probability of relapse.MethodsThis study was a multicentre retrospective study of GCA patients referred to two US GCA fast-track clinics over 2 years. The patients underwent US evaluation at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months. EULAR criteria for remission and relapse were checked at 3 and 6 months. OGUS changes at 0–3 months and 0–6 months were compared between patients with and without relapse at 6 months, as well as between those with and without remission at 6 months.ResultsA total of 76 patients were included (mean age 77.2 years, 55.3% females). Nineteen (26%) patients relapsed at 6 months, of whom 14 (19.1%) showed a minor relapse and 5 (6.8%) a major relapse. EULAR remission at 6 months was achieved in 32 (43.8%) patients. The standardized mean difference in OGUS between baseline and 3 months and between 3 months and 6 months was −0.25 and −0.38, respectively. OGUS significantly improved between baseline and 6 months (1.18 to 0.99, P = 0.004) and from 3–6 months (1.08 to 0.99, P = 0.04) in non-relapsing patients, whereas no significant changes at 3  (1.17 to 1.17; P = 0.736) and 6 months (1.17 to 1.21; P = 0.343) months were observed in those who experienced relapse. The mean 0–6-month OGUS improvement was lower in patients who relapsed (−0.1 to 0.16, P = 0.037). The mean 0–6-months OGUS improvement (decrease) was greater in patients who achieved remission at 6 months (0.28 to −0.07, P = 0.001).ConclusionThe absence of OGUS improvement during follow-up in GCA may be used to assess the probability of relapse and the absence of remission at 6 months.
A multi-locus phylogeny for the Diamesinae (Chironomidae: Diptera) provides new insights into evolution of an amphitropical clade
Authors: Semenchenko Alexander A , Cranston Peter S , Makarchenko Eugenyi A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Diamesinae is a subfamily of Chironomidae, whose species live in cold lotic or oligotrophic lentic habitats with global distribution excepting Antarctica. The cool stenothermic ecology of nearly all diamesines produces a typical amphitropical pattern of absence at tropical latitudes, except at high elevation. Recent attention has focused on the species discovery, while evolutionary relationships at the generic and tribal level have remained inadequately understood. Current classification implies analogous evolutionary diversification in each hemisphere (boreal and austral). To test this concept, we used six genetic markers (18S, 28S, CAD1, COI-5p, COI-3p and COII) and fossil calibrations to produce a well-supported and resolved time-calibrated phylogeny of the subfamily. Austral and boreal diamesines indeed are reciprocally monophyletic lineages, with estimated Jurassic divergence (130-196, 164 Ma). The boreal Protanypodini, previously understood to be a tribe within Diamesinae, is excluded and elevated here to subfamily rank as Protanypodinae stat. nov. Ancestral austral diamesines probably originated in South America and successively reached New Zealand, Australia and South Africa during the Cretaceous-Paleogene. The Holarctic tribes Diamesini and Boreoheptagyiini probably originated in the Eastern Palaearctic with further dispersal/vicariance into the Western Palaearctic, Nearctic, East, and very likely dispersed southwards to montane East Africa and Borneo.
Metformin induction of heat shock factor 1 activation and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response alleviate cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Xu Man , Li Li‐Peng , He Xi , Lu Xing‐Zhu , Bi Xue‐Yuan , Li Qi , Xue Xiao‐Rong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeart failure and cardiac remodeling are both characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Healthy mitochondria are required for adequate contractile activity and appropriate regulation of cell survival. In the mammalian heart, enhancement of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is cardioprotective under pressure overload conditions. We explored the UPRmt and the underlying regulatory mechanism in terms of hypertension‐induced cardiac remodeling and the cardioprotective effect of metformin. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin II‐treated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used to induce cardiac hypertrophy. The results showed that hypertension induced the formation of aberrant mitochondria, characterized by a reduced mtDNA/nDNA ratio and swelling, as well as lower levels of mitochondrial complexes I to V and inhibition of the expression of one protein subunit of each of complexes I to IV. Such changes eventually enlarged cardiomyocytes and increased cardiac fibrosis. Metformin treatment increased the mtDNA/nDNA ratio and regulated the UPRmt, as indicated by increased expression of activating transcription factor 5, Lon protease 1, and heat shock protein 60, and decreased expression of C/EBP homologous protein. Thus, metformin improved mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In vitro analyses revealed that metformin reduced the high levels of angiotensin II‐induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in such animals and stimulated nuclear translocation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Moreover, HSF1 small‐interfering RNA reduced the metformin‐mediated improvements in mitochondrial morphology and the UPRmt by suppressing hypertrophic signals and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These results suggest that HSF1/UPRmt signaling contributes to the beneficial effects of metformin. Metformin‐mediated targeting of mitochondrial protein homeostasis and modulation of HSF1 levels have potential therapeutic implications in terms of cardiac remodeling.
Prophylactic Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Pediatric Lower Limb Amputation Patients
Authors: Mohanty Ahneesh J. , Cederna Paul S. , Kemp Stephen W.P. , Kung Theodore A. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the prophylactic effect of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) surgery on pediatric post-amputation pain.

Summary of Background Data:
Chronic post-amputation pain is a debilitating and refractory sequela of limb amputation affecting up to 83% of pediatric patients with limb loss, resulting in disability and decreased quality of life. We postulate that prophylactic RPNI surgery performed during amputation may decrease the incidence of symptomatic neuroma and development of phantom limb pain, as well as limit analgesic use among pediatric patients with limb loss.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric patients between the ages of 8 and 21 years who underwent major lower limb amputation with and without RPNI surgery. Documented neuroma and phantom limb pain scores as well as analgesic use was recorded. Narcotic use was converted to milligrams morphine equivalents per day (MME/day) while overall analgesic use was converted to Medication Quantification Scale version III (MQSIII) scores. Analysis was performed using Stata.

Results:
Forty-four pediatric patients were identified; 25 RPNI patients and 19 controls. Seventy-nine percent of control patients developed chronic post-amputation pain versus 21% of RPNI patients (P<0.001). Among the patients who developed post-amputation pain, 20% of controls developed clinical neuroma pain, compared to 0% of RPNI patients (P<0.001). Additionally, RPNI patients demonstrated a significant decrease in pain score (P=0.007) and narcotic usage (P<0.01), compared to controls. Overall analgesic use did not vary significantly between groups.

Conclusions:
Prophylactic RPNI surgery shows promise for pediatric patients undergoing major lower limb amputation by preventing both symptomatic neuromas and possibly the development of phantom limb pain.
Nucleosome-binding by TP53, TP63, and TP73 is determined by the composition, accessibility, and helical orientation of their binding sites
Authors: Wilson Patrick D. , Yu Xinyang , Buck Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe p53 family of transcription factors plays key roles in driving development and combating cancer by regulating gene expression. TP53, TP63, and TP73—the three members of the p53 family—regulate gene expression by binding to their DNA binding sites, many of which are situated within nucleosomes. To thoroughly examine the nucleosome-binding abilities of the p53 family, we used Pioneer-seq, a technique that assesses a transcription factor’s binding affinity to its DNA binding sites at all possible positions within the nucleosome core particle. Using Pioneer-seq, we analyzed the binding affinity of TP53, TP63, and TP73 to 10 p53-family binding sites across the nucleosome core particle. We found that the affinity of TP53, TP63, and TP73 for nucleosomes was largely determined by the positioning of p53-family binding sites within nucleosomes; p53-family members bind strongly to the more accessible edges of nucleosomes but weakly to the less accessible centers of nucleosomes. We also found that the DNA-helical orientation of p53-family binding sites within nucleosomal DNA impacted the nucleosome-binding affinity of p53-family members. The composition of their binding sites also impacted each p53-family member’s nucleosome-binding affinities only when the binding site was located in an accessible location. Taken together, our results show that the accessibility, composition, and helical orientation of p53-family binding sites collectively determine the nucleosome-binding affinities of TP53, TP63, and TP73. These findings help explain the rules underlying p53-family-nucleosome binding and thus provide requisite insight into how we may better control gene-expression changes involved in development and tumor suppression.
A timed epigenetic switch balances T and ILC lineage proportions in the thymus
Authors: Pease Nicholas , Chen Lihua , Gerges Peter , Kueh Hao Yuan 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTHow stem and progenitor cells give rise to multiple cell types in defined numbers and proportions is a central question in developmental biology. Epigenetic switches, acting at single gene loci, can generate extended delays in the activation timing of lineage-specifying genes, and thereby impact lineage decisions and cell type output of progenitors. Here, we analyzed a timed epigenetic switch controllingBcl11b, a transcription factor that drives T cell lineage commitment, but only after a long multi-day time delay in expression. To investigate roles for this delay in controlling lineage decision making, we analyzed progenitors with a deletion in a distalBcl11benhancer, that further extends this delay by ∼3 days. Strikingly, delayingBcl11bactivation reduces T cell output but enhances ILC generation in the thymus, and does so by redirecting progenitors to the ILC lineages at the T and ILC developmental branchpoint. Mechanistically, delayingBcl11bactivation promoted ILC redirection by up-regulating a PLZF-dependent ILC transcriptional program in progenitors. Despite up-regulating PLZF, committed ILC progenitors were still capable of later activatingBcl11b, which is also needed for specification of type 2 ILCs. These results show that epigenetic switches, by controlling the activation timing and order of lineage-specifying genes within regulatory networks, can modulate population sizes and proportions of differentiated cell types.