bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the accessory soleus muscle: A literature review, cadaveric study, and imaging study
Authors: Hatzantonis Catherine , Agur Anne , Naraghi Ali , Gautier Shelley , McKee Nancy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe accessory soleus muscle (ASM) has been an unusual anatomical variant since its first recordings in Guy's Hospital Reports of the early nineteenth century. Individuals with an ASM may present with symptoms of pain and/or swelling and were often misdiagnosed as soft‐tissue tumors such as hemangioma, sarcoma, or lipoma. The aim of our study was threefold: (1) to review the cadaveric and clinical literature to determine the reported prevalence of ASM; (2) to conduct a cadaveric study investigating the prevalence and attachment sites of the ASM; (3) to conduct a retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients presenting with ankle symptoms to determine prevalence and attachment sites of the ASM. Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of the muscle (3%) was as stated in the literature (0.7–5.5%), but with males more likely to possess unilateral ASM and females more likely to possess bilateral ASM. Three common attachment types were reported in the literature: (i) a distal attachment to the medial aspect of the calcaneus by a separate tendon (26.1% of ASM subjects), (ii) a distal tendinous attachment to the calcaneal tendon (3.5%), and (iii) a distal fleshy attachment to the medial surface of the calcaneus (4.3%), with the remaining 66.1% of ASM subjects from previous studies with unidentified attachment types. Our cadaveric specimens were found to possess each attachment type, whereas imaging patients all possessed distal attachments to the medial calcaneus via a separate tendon. Furthermore, a rare cadaveric specimen with two distal attachments was also found. We believe it is important to recognize the prevalence of this condition and be aware of its morphology in order to understand its clinical presentation, accurately diagnose the condition, and pursue effective forms of management. Clin. Anat. 24:903–910, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vesicular Genital Lesions in a Toddler − Is it Sexual Abuse?
Authors: Bajaj Monika 
Published: April 2011

‘Common childhood illnesses can present with findings suggestive of sexual abuse’Key Practitioner Messages

Common childhood illnesses should always be considered/ruled out in all cases of suspected abuse.
When faced with clinical presentations commonly found in cases of child abuse, all doctors should keep an open mind and formulate a differential diagnosis with abuse being one of the possibilities.
When requesting an opinion from paediatricians, it is the duty of the referring clinician to be open with parents and inform them that abuse is one of the differential diagnoses.
Functionalization of Mesoporous Carbon with Superbasic MgO Nanoparticles for the Efficient Synthesis of Sulfinamides
Authors: Chakravarti Rajashree , Mano Ajayan , Iwai Hideo , Aldeyab Salem S. , Kumar R. Pradeep , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHighly basic MgO nanoparticles with different sizes have been successfully immobilized over mesoporous carbon with different pore diameters by a simple wet‐impregnation method. The prepared catalysts have been characterized by various sophisticated techniques, such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, electron energy loss spectroscopy, high‐resolution TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2. XRD results reveal that the mesostructure of the support is retained even after the huge loading of MgO nanoparticles inside the mesochannels of the support. It is also demonstrated that the particle size and dispersion of the MgO nanoparticles on the support can be finely controlled by the simple adjustment of the textural parameters of the supports. Among the support materials studied, mesoporous carbon with the largest pore diameter and large pore volume offered highly crystalline small‐size cubic‐phase MgO nanoparticles with a high dispersion. The basicity of the MgO‐supported mesoporous carbons can also be controlled by simply changing the loading of the MgO and the pore diameter of the support. These materials have been employed as heterogeneous catalysts for the first time in the selective synthesis of sulfinamides. Among the catalysts investigated, the support with the large pore diameter and high loading of MgO showed the highest activity with an excellent yield of sulfinamides. The catalyst also showed much higher activity than the pristine MgO nanoparticles. The effects of the reaction parameters, including the solvents and reaction temperature, and textural parameters of the supports in the activity of the catalyst have also been demonstrated. Most importantly, the catalyst was found to be highly stable, showing excellent activity even after the third cycle of reaction.
High‐Throughput and Time‐Resolved Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Diffraction (EDXRD) Study of the Formation of CAU‐1‐(OH)2: Microwave and Conventional Heating
Authors: Ahnfeldt Tim , Moellmer Jens , Guillerm Vincent , Staudt Reiner , Serre Christian , Stock Norbert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAluminium dihydroxyterephthalate [Al8(OH)4(OCH3)8(BDC(OH)2)6]⋅x H2O (denoted CAU‐1‐(OH)2) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, sorption measurements, as well as thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. CAU‐1‐(OH)2 is isoreticular to CAU‐1 and its pores are lined with OH groups. It is stable under ambient conditions and in water, and it exhibits permanent porosity and two types of cavities with effective diameters of approximately 1 and 0.45 nm. The crystallization of CAU‐1‐(OH)2 was studied by in situ energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD) experiments in the 120–145 °C temperature range. Two heating methods—conventional and microwave—were investigated. The latter leads to shorter induction periods as well as shorter reaction times. Whereas CAU‐1‐(OH)2 is formed at all investigated temperatures using conventional heating, it is only observed below 130 °C using microwave heating. The calculation of the activation energy of the crystallization of CAU‐1‐(OH)2 exhibits similar values for microwave and conventional synthesis.
Molecular Implementation of Sequential and Reversible Logic Through Photochromic Energy Transfer Switching
Authors: Remón Patricia , Hammarson Martin , Li Shiming , Kahnt Axel , Pischel Uwe , Andréasson Joakim 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPhotochromic spiropyrans modified with fluorophores were investigated as molecular platforms for the achievement of fluorescence switching through modulation of energy transfer. The dyads were designed in such a way that energy transfer is only observed for the open forms of the photochrome (merocyanine and protonated merocyanine), whereas the closed spiropyran is inactive as an energy acceptor. This was made possible through a deliberate choice of fluorophores (4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide, dansyl, and perylene) that produce zero spectral overlap with the spiro form and considerable overlap for the merocyanine forms. From the Förster theory, energy transfer is predicted to be highly efficient and in some cases of 100 % efficiency. The combined switching by photonic (light of λ>530 nm) and chemical (base) inputs enabled the creation of a sequential logic device, which is the basic element of a keypad lock. Furthermore, in combination with an anthracene‐based acidochromic fluorescence switch, a reversible logic device was designed. This enables the unambiguous coding of different input combinations through multicolour fluorescence signalling. All devices can be conveniently reset to their initial states and repeatedly cycled.
Enantioselective Intramolecular Crossed Rauhut–Currier Reactions through Cooperative Nucleophilic Activation and Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis: Scope and Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Wang Xu‐Fan , Peng Liang , An Jing , Li Chao , Yang Qing‐Qing , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Gu Feng‐Long , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA highly efficient and enantioselective intramolecular crossed Rauhut–Currier (RC) reaction of nitroolefins with tethered enonates has been developed through cooperative nucleophilic activation and a hydrogen‐bonding catalytic strategy (≤98 % ee and 98 % yield). The reaction features simple experimental procedures and is completely chemoselective and atom‐economic in character. The potential synthetic applications have been demonstrated by the conversion of the RC reaction products into biologically and pharmaceutically valuable compounds with highly diastereoselectivity. In addition, computational investigations were employed to support the proposed mechanism and to obtain a good understanding of the origin of the stereoselectivity in RC reactions.
Modifying Clopidogrel Maintenance Doses According to Vasodilator‐Stimulated Phosphoprotein Phosphorylation Index Improves Clinical Outcome in Patients With Clopidogrel Resistance
Authors: Wang Xiao‐dong , Zhang Dai‐fu , Zhuang Shao‐wei , Lai Yan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Despite dual antiplatelet therapy, the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains high. Ex vivo tests of clopidogrel resistance can predict MACE after PCI. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical impact of adjusting phosphorylation analysis in patients with clopidogrel resistance undergoing PCI.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that VASP‐guided clopidogrel maintenance doses, compared to fixed doses, improved clinical outcome.Methods:This monocentric, prospective, randomized study was performed on 306 patients undergoing PCI. Patients were randomized to a control group (n = 156) and to a vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)‐guided group (n = 150). In the VASP‐guided group, patients received adjusted maintenance doses of clopidogrel to obtain platelet reactivity index (PRI) of <50% during 1 year after PCI. The primary endpoint was the rate of MACE. The secondary endpoints were major and minor bleeding.Results:All patients completed the PCI procedure and 298 patients completed follow‐up. The control and VASP‐guided groups had similar demographic, clinical, and angiographic characteristics. In the VASP‐guided group, PRI was significantly decreased (from 72.1% ± 11.4% to 27.7% ± 8.4%; P = 0.001) in 128 patients (87.1% of all participants). During the 1‐year follow‐up, 14 MACEs were recorded in the VASP‐guided group and 30 MACEs were recorded in the control group (9.3% vs 20.4%, respectively; P = 0.008). There was no difference in the rate of major and minor bleeding in the VASP‐guided group compared with the control group (12.9% vs 16.6%; P = 0.06).Conclusions:Modifying clopidogrel maintenance doses according to platelet reactivity monitoring decreases the rate of MACE after PCI without increasing bleeding in patients with clopidogrel resistance during 1‐year follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This project was sponsored by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. SK08‐6). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Ratio of Right to Left Ventricular Ejection: A Pilot Study Using Doppler to Detect Interventricular Dyssynchrony
Authors: López‐Candales Angel , Edelman Kathy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Chronic pulmonary hypertension (cPH) is known to delay maximal right ventricular (RV) deformation, causing mechanical dyssynchrony, which previously has been identified only through the use of myocardial tissue Doppler imaging. However, alterations between RV and left ventricular (LV) ejection should be easily identified during routine echocardiographic examinations.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that assessment of differences in ejection fraction between left and right ventricles would be detected using pulsed Doppler.Methods:Standard echo and Doppler data were collected from 30 patients without PH (mean age, 53 ± 7 y; mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure [PASP], 31 ± 5 mm Hg) and from 40 patients with cPH (mean age, 53 ± 13 y, P not significant; mean PASP, 82 ± 24 mm Hg, P<0.00001). Temporal differences in the ejection of both ventricles were measured as the ratio of total duration of RV to LV outflow tract (RVOT and LVOT) pulsed Doppler signals.Results:A ratio (<0.99) of RVOT to LVOT total duration of ejection was found not only to be the best Doppler parameter to identify an abnormal pulmonary artery systolic pressure, with a 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity (area under the curve 0.958, P = 0.0001), but also identified differences in the temporal ejection between the 2 ventricles, or dyssynchrony, as a result of cPH.Conclusions:The ratio of pulsed Doppler RV to LV total duration of ejection is easily obtainable and appears useful in identifying the presence of interventricular dyssynchrony in cPH patients. A prospective study is now required to determine if this Doppler ratio can identify minute changes in the ejection of both ventricles as a result of changes in disease status or response to PH therapy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Seasonal Variation in Heart Failure Hospitalization
Authors: Gallerani Massimo , Boari Benedetta , Manfredini Fabio , Manfredini Roberto 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:A seasonal variation has been reported for occurrence of acute cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, sudden death, and rupture/dissection of aortic aneurysms.Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to determine whether a seasonal variation exists for heart failure (HF) hospitalization.Methods:The study included all cases of HF admissions to Ferrara Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009. The sample was divided into subgroups by gender, age, cardiovascular risk factors, patients' outcome, and order of ICD‐9 codes (first diagnosis, accessory diagnosis). On the basis of date of admission, cases have been analyzed for seasonal variation and annual frequency. For seasonal analysis, monthly cases were categorized into four 3‐month intervals by seasons. Moreover, monthly admissions have been also adjusted for number of days, and the average number of admissions per month has been used.Results:The database included 15 954 patients with the ICD‐9‐CM codes of HF (420–429). Hospital admissions for HF were most frequent in winter (28.4%) and least in summer (20.4%). Chronobiological analysis yielded a significant peak in January for total cases and all subgroups considered. No differences were found for subgroups by gender, age, fatal cases, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, patients' outcome, and order of ICD‐9 codes (first diagnosis, accessory diagnosis).Conclusions:A seasonal periodicity for HF hospitalization was demonstrated, with a peak in winter months, independent of gender, age, major cardiovascular risk factor, and patients' outcome. These data could be useful for practitioners to improve causative prevention measures, therapeutic management, and educational strategies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Ranolazine for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Background, Aims, and Design of the RALI‐DHF Study
Authors: Jacobshagen Claudius , Belardinelli Luiz , Hasenfuss Gerd , Maier Lars S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), formerly referred to as diastolic heart failure (DHF), accounts for >50% of all HF patients. So far, there has been no specific treatment for impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation. Data from in vitro and animal studies indicate that ranolazine improves diastolic function by inhibiting the late sodium current.Hypothesis:RAnoLazIne for the Treatment of Diastolic Heart Failure (RALI‐DHF) is a prospective, single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled proof‐of‐concept study to determine if ranolazine compared with placebo will be more effective in improving diastolic function in patients with HFpEF.Methods:Twenty patients with HFpEF (EF ≥ 50% and ratio of transmitral Doppler early filling velocity to tissue Doppler early diastolic mitral annular velocity [E/E′] >15 or N‐terminal pro‐type brain natriuretic peptide >220 pg/mL) will be randomized to receive ranolazine or placebo in a 1.5:1 ratio during their catheterization if the LV end‐diastolic pressure is ≥18 mm Hg and the time constant of relaxation (τ) is ≥50 ms. Treatment will consist of intravenous infusion of study drug (or placebo) for 24 hours, followed by oral treatment for a total of 14 days.Endpoints:The study will include the following exploratory endpoints: (1) change from baseline to 30 minutes from initiation of intravenous study drug administration during cardiac catheterization hemodynamic parameters at both resting and paced (120 beats per minute) conditions: τ, LV end‐diastolic pressure, and dP/dtmin.; and (2) change from baseline to day 14 in E/E′, maximal oxygen consumption, and N‐terminal pro‐type brain natriuretic peptide.Conclusions:The RALI‐DHF study is designed as a translational study to bridge the gap between basic science and therapeutics and to determine if ranolazine, compared with placebo, will be more effective in improving diastolic function in patients with HFpEF. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Dr. Maier is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through a Heisenberg grant (MA1982/4‐1) and a Klinische Forschergruppe grant (MA1982/2‐2). The RALI‐DHF trial is funded by a grant from Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA). Dr. Belardinelli is employed by Gilead. Dr. Maier has a collaborative/research grant with Gilead. Drs. Maier and Jacobshagen received honoraria from Berlin‐Chemie. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Drug‐Eluting Stents vs Intracoronary Brachytherapy for In‐Stent Restenosis: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lu Yong‐Guang , Chen Yan‐Mei , Li Lang , Zhao Rong‐Zhen , Fu Chun‐Hui , Yan Hua 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:It has been reported that drug‐eluting stents (DES) were superior to intracoronary brachytherapy (ICBT) in patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR). However, it is unknown whether there might be differences between DES and ICBT in terms of efficacy and safety in large sample size and long‐term follow‐up.Hypothesis:The aim of this study was to determine whether DES implantation remains favorable in large sample size and long‐term follow‐up when compared with ICBT among patients with ISR.Methods:We conducted a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials without language restrictions. A meta‐analysis of 1942 cases from 12 controlled trials of DES vs ICBT for ISR was performed.Results:Drug‐eluting stents were significantly more effective in reducing target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23–0.81, P = 0.009) and binary restenosis (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.26–0.46, P<0.00001) compared with ICBT at midterm follow‐up. There were no significant differences between DES and ICBT in cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and late stent thrombosis at midterm follow‐up. A statistical significance has been found between the 2 groups in TVR (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43–0.86, P = 0.005) at long‐term follow‐up. There were no significant differences in cardiac death and MI between the 2 groups at long‐term follow‐up.Conclusions:These findings provide evidence that DES is superior to ICBT for the treatment of ISR in TVR and binary restenosis reduction, but not in cardiac death, MI, and late stent thrombosis reduction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Yong‐Guang Lu, MD, and Yan‐Mei Chen, MD, contributed equally to this work. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Phase 1/2 study of everolimus in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Andrew X. , Abrams Thomas A. , Miksad Rebecca , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Zheng Hui , Muzikansky Alona , Clark Jeffrey W. , Kwak Eunice L. , Schrag Deborah , Jors Kathryn R. , Fuchs Charles S. , Iafrate A. John , Borger Darrell R. , Ryan David P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a single‐arm, phase 1/2 study of everolimus in patients with advanced HCC.METHODS:Patients with histologically confirmed measurable advanced HCC, 0‐2 prior regimens, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal functions received everolimus at 5 mg/day or 10 mg/day orally (6 weeks/cycle). The primary end points were determination of a safe dosage of everolimus (phase 1) and progression‐free survival (PFS) at 24 weeks (phase 2).RESULTS:Twenty‐eight patients were enrolled and evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed at the 5 mg/day (n = 3) or 10 mg/day (n = 6) dosage level in phase 1. Twenty‐five patients received everolimus at 10 mg/day. Grade 3‐4 adverse events included lymphopenia (n = 3), aspartate transaminase (n = 3), hyponatremia (n = 2), and 1 patient each with anemia, alanine transaminase, hyperglycemia, proteinuria, rash, and hypoxia. One patient (4%) had partial response (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9%‐19.6%). The median PFS and overall survival were 3.8 months (95% CI, 2.1‐4.6) and 8.4 months (95% CI, 3.9‐21.1), respectively. The estimated PFS rate at 24 weeks was 28.6% (95% CI, 7.9%‐49.3%).CONCLUSION:Everolimus was well tolerated in patients with advanced HCC, and 10 mg/day was defined as the phase 2 dosage. Although the study did not proceed to the second stage of phase 2, preliminary antitumor activity was observed with everolimus in patients with advanced HCC, most of whom had prior systemic treatment. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A new model for chromotherapy application
Authors: Aktekın Denız Başbinar , Şımşek Yusuf 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough the effects of colors on the emotion have been studied, there have been differing results. Influences like age, culture, and personal stimulation are important factors in this phenomenon. Different chakra systems are well matched with different colors, and one of the chromotherapeutic methods is constructed to this chakra system as complementary and alternative medicine. However, as a consequence of the new findings and developments arising in color‐related research, we propose new model supported with afterimage and complementarity for this chakra system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Semiclassical limit of quantum dynamics with rough potentials and well‐posedness of transport equations with measure initial data
Authors: Ambrosio Luigi , Figalli Alessio , Friesecke Gero , Giannoulis Johannes , Paul Thierry 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper we study the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger equation. Under mild regularity assumptions on the potential U, which include Born‐Oppenheimer potential energy surfaces in molecular dynamics, we establish asymptotic validity of classical dynamics globally in space and time for “almost all” initial data, with respect to an appropriate reference measure on the space of initial data. In order to achieve this goal we prove existence, uniqueness, and stability results for the flow in the space of measures induced by the continuity equation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.