bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Technologies and World's Economy Stimulate the Markets for High‐tech Metals
Authors: Angerer G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDie Sicherung der Rohstoffzugänge zählt zu den großen Herausforderungen der Zukunft für Politik und Wirtschaft, deren Bedeutung mit den aufgetretenen Verwerfungen auf den Rohstoffmärkten in das Bewusstsein der Akteure rückte. Es wäre fatal, wenn die Entwicklung, Nutzung und Vermarktung von Zukunftstechnologien, welche die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen und europäischen Wirtschaft und den Wohlstand der Gesellschaft begründet, durch Engpässe bei der Versorgung mit Rohstoffen behindert oder gar gestoppt würde. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Nachfrageseite der Rohstoffversorgung und zeigt, dass die Treiber technischer Fortschritt und Weltwirtschaft starke Impulse auf die Rohstoffmärkte ausüben.
Alkaline Activation of Bentonites
Authors: Flachberger H. , Ohrdorf K.‐H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBentonite sind ein Mineralgemisch mit dem Hauptmineral Montmorillonit, werden der Gruppe der Industrieminerale zugeordnet und sind zumeist vulkanischen Ursprungs. Systematische experimentelle Untersuchungen an Bentonit‐Proben aus sechs verschiedenen Lagerstätten der drei europäischen Hauptförderregionen Milos, Bayern und Sardinien zeigten, dass die Optimierung der Prozesstechnik signifikante Verbrauchseinsparungen ermöglicht und damit einen Beitrag zur effizienten Nutzung von Rohstoffen leistet. Die präsentierten Forschungsergebnisse bergen das Potenzial in sich, auch im industriellen Maßstab mit Erfolg umgesetzt zu werden.
Innovation Dynamics in Resource‐intensive Production Processes
Authors: Ostertag K. , Sartorius Ch. , Tercero Espinoza L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDer Beitrag analysiert die Innovationsdynamik in rohstoffnahen Produktionsprozessen. Dabei stützt er sich hauptsächlich auf Patentdaten und unterscheidet die Bereiche Langlebigkeit, Materialeinsparung und Recycling sowie die Technologien im Förderschwerpunkt r2 – Innovative Technologien für Ressourceneffizienz – rohstoffintensive Produktionsprozesse des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung. Gemessen an der Patentdynamik halten die ersten beiden Bereiche mit der allgemeinen Zunahme der Patentanmeldungen Schritt, wogegen sie im Bereich Recycling weltweit und in Deutschland stagnieren. Die Dynamik auf dem technologischen Gebiet des r2‐Förderschwerpunkts weicht von diesem Muster kaum ab. Es fällt jedoch auf, dass die deutschen Patentanteile hier geringer sind. Ein Ländervergleich macht weitere regionale Spezialisierungsmuster deutlich. Die Aufholprozesse schnell wachsender Volkswirtschaften, wie z. B. Korea und China, werden auch hier sichtbar.
Resource Recovery from Combustion Residues
Authors: Mocker M. , Löh I. , Stenzel F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAufgrund der begrenzten Vorräte natürlich vorkommender Rohstoffe ist eine Rohstoffrückgewinnung in unserer Gesellschaft unerlässlich. Wertvolle Rohstoffe sind auch in den Rückständen von Verbrennungsanlagen enthalten. Von diesen Rückständen fielen deutschlandweit bisher 32 Mio. t pro Jahr an, die überwiegend baustofflich verwertet wurden. Bei diesem Verwertungsweg findet jedoch keine spezifische Wiederverwendung statt, viele wertvolle Inhaltsstoffe werden allenfalls in den Rückständen toleriert. Gezielte Anwendungen wären die Phosphorrückgewinnung, die Herstellung von Düngemitteln oder das Metallrecycling. Dafür sind jedoch spezielle Verfahren notwendig, wie z. B. der ATZ‐Eisenbadreaktor, der sich grundsätzlich zur Rückgewinnung von Phosphor und von Metallen eignet.
A New Chiral Quinoxaline Derivative with Ferroelectric Property
Authors: Chen Lizhuang , Han Guangfan , Ye Hengyun , Xiong Rengen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractReaction of 1,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐dione and (1R,2R)‐(−)‐diaminocyclohexane afforded a homochiral quinoxaline derivative (4aR,8aR)‐2,3‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐decahydroquinoxaline (1). Fluorescent analysis exhibits an intense blue emission band at 386 nm. Crystallographic analysis showed that it belongs to chiral space group P21 with ferroelectric behavior, and a typical ferroelectric feature of electric hysteresis loop was obtained. The dielectric constant of compound 1 was measured at room temperature.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Anchored Cu(II) Complexes: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Preparation of Diaryl Ethers
Authors: Islam Manirul , Mondal Sanchita , Manir Mobarak , Singha Roy Anupam , Mondal Paromita , Hossain Dildar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPolymer anchored Cu(II) Schiff base complexes have been prepared and characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), spectrometric methods like diffuse reflectance spectra of solid (DRS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These catalysts show excellent catalytic activity in the O‐arylation reaction of aryl halides with phenol in acetonitrile using Cs2CO3 at 70°C under an open air condition to give diaryl ethers in high yields. The effects of various parameters such as solvent, catalyst from different copper salt and base on the reaction system have been studied. The reaction is applicable to a wide variety of substituted aryl halides and phenols with different steric and electronic properties. These catalysts are recovered by simple filtration and the reusability experiments show that these catalysts can be used five times without much loss in the catalytic activity.
Efficient Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines via the Hantzsch Reaction Using Iron Loaded Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Hosseini Mariam , Oskooie Hossein A. , Baghernejad Bita , Farzaneh F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple and convenient protocol is described for the preparation of polyhydroquinolines via one‐pot, multi component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, ethylacetoacetate, ammonium acetate and dimedone using iron loaded mesoporous materials as an efficient catalyst in good yields.
Carbon Nanotubes with Phthalocyanine‐Decorated Surface Produced by NH3‐Assisted Microwave Reaction and Their Catalytic Performance in Li/SOCl2 Battery
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Li Hejun , Sun Huihui , Zhang Qinglin , Li Kezhi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐templated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) assemblies are prepared by microwave reaction with the aid of NH4Cl. The assemblies of CoPc/MWCNTs are added to the electrolyte of Li/SOCl2 battery to show their potential application in the field of catalysis. The assemblies display a uniform coaxial nanotube structure. In the control test, the CoPc/MWCNTs synthesized without NH4Cl exhibit the aggregation of the nanotubes of CoPc/MWCNTs. It indicates that the use of NH4Cl as gas source is efficient in enhancing diffusion of the MWCNTs and controlling the growth of CoPc. The catalytic reduction of SOCl2 can be carried out by CoPc molecules outside the assemblies and the MWCNTs inside the assemblies. The assemblies of CoPc/ MWCNTs exhibit excellent electrochemical catalytic activity to Li/SOCl2 battery. The discharge energy of Li/SOCl2 battery catalyzed by CoPc/MWCNTs is 144% higher than that of the battery without catalyst, and is 94% higher than the energy of Li/SOCl2 battery catalyzed by bulk CoPc.
Weak Interactions Involving Fluorine in Suppramolecular Assemblies of Cu(II) Complexes
Authors: Ge Chunhua , Zhang Xiangdong , Yin Jing , Zhang Rui 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSyntheses and X‐ray structural characterizations of two new Cu(II) complexes Cu(tfbz)2(Htfbz)2(phen) (1) (Htfbz=2,4,5‐trifluorobenzoic acid, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) and [Cu(pfbz)2(phen)]2(Hpfbz)2 (2) (Hpfbz=pentafluorobenzoic acid) are reported. The first complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the crystal cell parameters a=1.9903(4) nm, b=1.3688(3) nm, c=1.3623(3) nm, β=97.90(3)°, V=3.6762(13) nm3 and Z=4. The second complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P‐1 with the crystal cell parameters a=1.7965(4) Å, b=1.9236(2) Å, c=2.0916(2) Å, α=110.156(2) °, β=105.040(3) °, γ=98.123(3) °, V=6.3372(17) nm3 and Z=4. The crystallographic analyses revealed that F···H–C hydrogen bonds in both complexes lead to formation of infinite three‐dimensional supramolecular networks. A large number of F···F interactions in complex 2 ensure the stability of intricate crystal structure.
Atmospheric Chemistry of HCF2O(CF2CF2O)xCF2H (x=2–4): Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Chlorine‐Atom‐Initiated Oxidation
Authors: Sulbaek Andersen Mads P. , Andersen Vibeke F. , Nielsen Ole J. , Sander Stanley P. , Wallington Timothy J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSmog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to measure k(Cl+HCF2O(CF2CF2O)xCF2H)=(5.3±1.5)×10−17 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 in 700 Torr of N2/O2 diluent at 296±1 K. The Cl‐initiated atmospheric oxidation of HCF2O(CF2CF2O)xCF2H, x=2,3 and 4, gave COF2 in molar yields of (593±41) %, (758±71) % and (939±73) %, respectively, with no other observable carbon‐containing products (i.e., essentially complete conversion of the hydrofluoropolyethers into COF2). Quantitative infrared spectra for HCF2O(CF2CF2O)xCF2H (x=2–4) were recorded and used to estimate the radiative efficiencies of the title compounds (1.07, 1.33, and 1.36 W m−2 ppb−1). Global warming potentials (100 year time horizon) of 3870, 4730 and 5060 were estimated for HCF2O(CF2CF2O)xCF2H, x=2, 3 and 4, respectively. The results are discussed with respect to the atmospheric chemistry and environmental impact of hydrofluoropolyethers.
Zebrafish limb development is triggered by a retinoic acid signal during gastrulation
Authors: Grandel Heiner , Brand Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStudies in mouse and zebrafish show that vertebrate forelimb development is initiated by retinoic acid (RA). An RA signal leads to transcription of tbx5 in forelimb precursors which is necessary and sufficient for limb development. However, the timing of the RA signaling event has remained controversial as have source tissue and tissue interactions. We have thus determined the contribution of RA to zebrafish pectoral fin development at different developmental stages. Specifically, an early gastrula stage RA signal triggers the process that leads to determination of tbx5‐expressing limb precursors, while a later somitogenesis stage RA signal maintains these precursors. Preceding the lack of tbx5‐expressing limb precursors in RA deficient zebrafish embryos, aldh1a2 and cyp26a1 expression domains are distorted along the gastrula margin suggesting that positional values in the ventrolateral mesodermal anlagen are affected. We propose that limb precursor determination requires RA dependent specification of lateral plate territories during gastrulation. Developmental Dynamics 240:1116–1126, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cystatin cures visceral leishmaniasis by NF‐κB‐mediated proinflammatory response through co‐ordination of TLR/MyD88 signaling with p105‐Tpl2‐ERK pathway
Authors: Kar Susanta , Ukil Anindita , Das Pijush K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCystatin could completely cure experimental visceral leishmaniasis by switching the differentiation of Th2 cells to Th1 type, as well as upregulating NO, and activation of NF‐κB played a major role in these processes. Analysis of upstream signaling events revealed that TLR 2/4‐mediated MyD88‐dependent participation of IL‐1R‐activated kinase (IRAK)1, TNF receptor‐associated factor (TRAF)6 and TGFβ‐activated kinase (TAK)1 is essential to induce cystatin‐mediated IκB kinase (IKK)/NF‐κB activation in macrophages. Cystatin plus IFN‐γ activated the IKK complex to induce phosphorylation‐mediated degradation of p105, the physiological partner and inhibitor of the MEK kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl‐2). Consequently, Tpl‐2 was liberated from p105, thereby stimulating activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK cascade. Cystatin plus IFN‐γ‐induced IKK‐β post‐transcriptionally modified p65/RelA subunit of NF‐κB by dual phosphorylation in infected phagocytic cells. IKK induced the phosphorylation of p65 directly on Ser‐536 residue whereas phosphorylation on Ser 276 residue was by sequential activation of Tpl‐2/MEK/ERK/MSK1. Collectively, the present study indicates that cystatin plus IFN‐γ‐induced MyD88 signaling may bifurcate at the level of IKK, leading to a divergent pathway regulating NF‐κB activation by IκBα phosphorylation and by p65 transactivation through Tpl‐2/MEK/ERK/MSK1.
CD70–CD27 interactions provide survival and proliferative signals that regulate T cell receptor‐driven activation of human γδ peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: deBarros Ana , Chaves‐Ferreira Miguel , d'Orey Francisco , Ribot Julie C. , Silva‐Santos Bruno 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHuman Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are potent anti‐tumor lymphocytes that specifically respond to pyrophosphate (phospho‐) antigens, which constitute the basis of current γδ T‐cell‐based immunotherapy strategies. Despite a clear involvement of the TCR, the costimulation requirements of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells remain ill‐defined. Here, we show that the expression of the CD27 receptor by the vast majority of Vγ9Vδ2 peripheral blood lymphocytes endows them with enhanced proliferative capacity upon ligation by its unique ligand CD70, a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member expressed on lymphoma B‐cells but also on TCR‐activated γδ T cells. Moreover, Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell treatment with soluble recombinant CD70 induced calcium signals and increased transcription of anti‐apoptotic Bcl2a1 and cell‐cycle‐promoting Cyclin D2 genes. We further demonstrate that the manipulation of CD70–CD27 interactions significantly impacted on Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell survival, proliferation and cytokine secretion, in both loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function experiments. Thus, CD27 coreceptor signals strongly promoted the expansion of Th1‐biased, CD27+ Vγ9Vδ2 peripheral blood lymphocytes in the context of TCR‐mediated stimulation with phosphoantigens. These data collectively establish a novel role for the CD70–CD27 axis in human γδ T‐cell activation and hence open new perspectives for its modulation in clinical settings.
Determination of bound 2,3‐epoxy‐1‐propanol (glycidol) and bound monochloropropanediol (MCPD) in refined oils
Authors: Kuhlmann Jan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new method for the parallel determination of bound 2,3‐epoxy‐1‐propanol (glycidol) and 2‐ and 3‐chloropropanediol (2‐ and 3‐MCPD) in oil matrices is presented. It is based on an improved alkaline catalysed release of MCPD and glycidol, followed by a transformation of glycidol to monobromopropanediol (MBPD), derivatisation with phenylboronic acid (PBA) and analysis by GC–MS. Quantification was performed using isotopic labelled standards. Method validation was carried out for the complete method procedure using glycidyl stearate and 3‐chloropropanediol‐1,2‐bis‐palmitoyl ester as reference compounds. Linearity was verified (r2>0.999) within the concentration range from 0.1 to 5.7 mg/kg. The limit of detection (LOD) for bound glycidol was 0.025 mg/kg in absence of 3‐MCPD. Due to a lack of certified reference material a validation of bound 2‐MCPD analysis was not feasible, but an indirect approach yielded a semi‐quantitative estimation. The method was applied to the analysis of several different oils. None of the analytes was detected in virgin or crude oils. In contrast bound MCPD and bound glycidol was detected ubiquitously in refined oils. The determined concentrations of 3‐MCPD and glycidol in the tested samples varied in 2 orders and 4 orders of magnitude, respectively. Bound 2‐MCPD was estimated to occur commonly in refined oils.Practical application: The presented application is advantageous to other methods that are either not suitable for the parallel determination of bound glycidol and bound 2‐ and 3‐MCPD within on step or are based on an estimation of bound glycidol contents by calculation. In comparison to those methods based on the direct determination of the single mother compounds this approach to convert the eventually unclear assembly of different MCPD‐ and glycidyl derivatives into the basic analytes glycidol and 2‐ and 3‐MCPD simplifies identification and quantification, enhances the analytical sensitivity and lowers the risk of underestimation. Furthermore, the investigation of basic transformations that may occur during sample preparation can be helpful for a better understanding of the complex chemistry in MCPD and glycidol analysis. Results from analysis of different oils and fats can be used for an estimation of the occurrence and distribution of bound MCPD and bound glycidol.
Synthesis of a Bis(1,2,3‐phenylene) Cryptand and Its Dual‐Response Binding to Paraquat and Diquat
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Zheng Bo , Xia Binyuan , Zhu Kelong , Wu Chuande , Huang Feihe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA bis(1,2,3‐phenylene) cryptand has been synthesized and used to prepare 1:1 complexes with paraquat and diquat, with association constants of 2.2 × 103 M–1 and 3.7 × 103 M–1, respectively, in CHCl3/CH3CN (1:1). In the solid state this cryptand forms a taco complex with paraquat, which has never been found before in cryptand/paraquat complexes. Furthermore, its binding to paraquat and diquat in solution can be switched off (and back on) by addition of acid or K+ (and then base or 18‐crown‐6).
A Simple and Effective Way to Integrate Nile Blue Covalently onto Functionalized SWCNTs Modified GC Electrodes for Sensitive and Selective Electroanalysis of NADH
Authors: Saleh Farhana S. , Rahman Mohammad R. , Kitamura Fusao , Okajima Takeyoshi , Mao Lanqun , Ohsaka Takeo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simple and new way to assemble Nile blue (NB) covalently onto the surface of functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (f‐SWCNTs) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode (NB/f‐SWCNTs/GC electrode) was described. The NB/f‐SWCNTs/GC electrode catalyzes effectively the oxidation of NADH with a remarkably decreased overpotential (ca. 700 mV) compared with that at the bare GC. The reaction was found to obey a so‐called Michaelis–Menten kinetics and the related kinetic parameters were determined. This modified electrode possesses promising characteristics as NADH sensor; a wide linear dynamic range of 0.2 to 200 µM, low detection limit of 0.18 µM, fast response time (1–2 s), high sensitivity (24 µA cm−2 mM−1), anti‐interference ability and anti‐fouling.
Electrochemical DNA Sensing at Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Chemically Assembled on Gold Surfaces
Authors: Santiago‐Rodríguez Lenibel , Sánchez‐Pomales Germarie , Cabrera Carlos R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn electrochemical DNA sensor was constructed using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) attached to a self‐assembled monolayer of 11‐amino‐1‐undecanethiol on a gold surface. The voltammetric peak of methylene blue (MB), which interacts with the DNA guanine bases specifically, was used to follow the DNA hybridization process. After DNA hybridization with its complementary DNA strand, the MB electrochemical signal response decreased and the change in MB signal response was used as the basis for the electrochemical sensing of DNA hybridization. The as described DNA sensor demonstrated to have good stability, selectivity, a linear response over the DNA concentration range from 100 to 1,000 nM and a limit of detection of 7.24 nM.
Stabilized Lipid Films in Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Nikolelis Dimitrios P. , Hianik Tibor , Nikoleli Georgia‐Paraskevi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLipid membrane based electrochemical biosensors have been exploited for the last 40 years. However, a major obstacle that limited their applications and commercialization was their fragility. Recent advances in stabilization of lipid membranes have tremendously increased the number of publications in the last 5 years. The objective of the present article is to present procedures for the stabilization of lipid film biosensors and recent advances in their analytical uses. These novel devices are used as chemo‐ and biosensors for the quantification of environmental contaminants and food toxicants. Recent research is directed to the construction of a portable mini electrochemical device that will be commercialized and readily be used by non‐skilled personnel for in the field measurements.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Poly(benzopyrene) Films Doped with Eriochrome Black T as a Pb2+‐Sensitive Sensors
Authors: Lisak Grzegorz , Wagner Michal , Kvarnström Carita , Bobacka Johan , Ivaska Ari , Lewenstam Andrzej 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(benzopyrene) films were electrosynthesized on glassy carbon disk electrodes from benzo(a)pyrene by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of eriochrome black T, which forms strong complexes with lead ions. In consequence, by conditioning the films in high concentration of lead (0.1 mol dm−3 Pb(NO3)2) potentiometric sensitivity to lead ions down to 10−5 mol dm−3 Pb2+ was induced, and a novel type of lead‐sensitive electrode was obtained. The electrode is characterized by high stability of the potential readouts, good reproducibility of the calibration curves as well as a minor hysteresis effects. The performance of our lead‐sensitive electrode was favourable compared to PEDOT and PPy‐based electrodes doped with eriochrome black T. We conclude that poly(benzopyrene) doped with eriochrome black T is a new electroactive material that may be applied in sensor technology.
Effectiveness of self‐esteem and social skills group therapy in adolescent eating disorder patients attending a day hospital treatment programme
Authors: Lázaro L. , Font E. , Moreno E. , Calvo R. , Vila M. , Andrés‐Perpiñá S. , Canalda G. , Martínez E. , Castro‐Fornieles J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate self‐esteem and social skills in adolescent eating disorder patients before and after specific group therapy as part of a Day Hospital Programme.MethodOne hundred and sixty adolescent eating disorder patients, classified as anorexia nervosa and related disorders (AN‐rd) (N = 116) or bulimia nervosa and related disorders (BN‐rd) (N = 44) received structured group therapy for developing self‐esteem and social skills.ResultsBN‐rd patients had poorer perceptions of some self‐esteem and social skills variables. After group therapy, both groups presented significant improvements in their perceptions of physical appearance, their self‐concept related to weight and shape and to others, happiness and satisfaction, social withdrawal and leadership. BN‐rd patients presented more changes on many of the variables.DiscussionSpecific self‐esteem and social skills group therapy in patients with eating disorders can be useful in improving certain core features. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.