bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to Sustainable Canal Sediment Management in Scotland
Authors: Lassière Olivia L. , Smith Nick A. , Johnstone Julia B. G. , Hamilton Alasdair R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
British Waterways is a public corporation which owns and manages 3220 km of canals and navigable rivers in Britain. Maintaining a safe navigation channel requires the regular removal of large quantities of accumulated sediment (150,000 tons per annum)Please note tons in this paper refers to metric tones, i.e., 1000 kg. which is often contaminated with a “cocktail” of organic and inorganic materials derived from both current and former industrial and agricultural activities. Over the past 15 years, British Waterways has developed and refined a sediment sampling and analysis protocol which takes account of the behavior of contaminated compounds in aqueous environments. This protocol has been developed in consultation with waste and soil chemistry experts and the statutory regulators to accommodate the changing legislative requirements over this period. The protocol facilitates the assessment of hazardous status and selection of appropriate uses for the sediment post removal. A menu of sediment reuse, including soil improvement and creation on agricultural land and recreational areas, production of soil alternatives, landfill capping material, and use as an engineering material is under development to reduce the dependency on landfill. Some of these options may require the sediment to undergo some form of treatment. Until recently, treatment options in the United Kingdom were limited. Now with the requirement for waste to be pretreated before being landfilled, treatment sites and mobile treatment plants are more common. Parallel to this process, British Waterways keeps a watching brief on proposed changes to relevant waste management legislation across the UK and lobbies, where appropriate, for changes which promote sustainable management of canal sediments. Review of, and involvement in, longer term catchment management policies and legislative controls through, inter alia, the European Water Framework Directive, aim to reduce the sediment management burden in the long term. A review of the European Waste Framework Directive is ongoing, which may bring legislative changes related to disposal and reuse of sediments, or both. A series of case studies in the Lowlands and Highlands of Scotland is presented to illustrate the practicalities of this process.
The Semilunar Coronally Repositioned Flap Combined With a Frenectomy to Obtain Root Coverage Over the Maxillary Central Incisors
Authors: Sorrentino Jesse M. , Tarnow Dennis P. 
Published: June 2009

Background: This case report describes a method for coronally repositioning gingiva for root coverage over the maxillary central incisors while simultaneously performing a frenectomy.Methods: The patient was a healthy 43‐year‐old Brazilian female. Her chief complaint pertained to the unesthetic appearance of the gingival recession involving both maxillary central incisors. Intraoral examination revealed a thick biotype with an adequate band of keratinized gingiva, Miller Class I mucogingival defects, and a broad frenum extending beyond the mucogingival junction. The surgical technique used to treat the areas of recession involved making semilunar incisions over the maxillary central incisors that blended into a frenectomy.Results: Complete root coverage was achieved over the maxillary central incisors that initially presented with 2 mm of recession on the facial surface. The residual frenum no longer attached at a point coronal to the mucogingival margin. Small white scars were detectable at the mucogingival junctions above both incisors but were not an esthetic concern because of the patient's moderate smile line.Conclusions: This case report shows the possibility of applying a combined semilunar coronally repositioned flap with a frenectomy in a case in which maxillary central incisors were impinged upon by a broad aberrant frenum, probed ≤3 mm, and presented with Miller Class I mucogingival defects. Further controlled investigations are needed to define the efficacy of this surgical technique.
Influence of Residual Bone on Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2–Induced Periodontal Regeneration in Experimental Periodontitis in Dogs
Authors: Saito Akira , Saito Emiko , Handa Ryohei , Honma Yoshiyuki , Kawanami Masamitsu 
Published: June 2009

Background: Previous studies reported that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2 induced periodontal regeneration in animals. However, the effects of local host factors on bone formation when using recombinant human (rh)BMP‐2 are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate local conditions in recipient sites that affected periodontal regeneration following BMP implantation in experimentally induced horizontal defects in dogs.Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced in the maxillary and mandibular premolars of six male beagles. The recipient sites were divided into four quadrants (maxillary buccal, maxillary palatal, mandibular buccal, and mandibular lingual sites). A polymer‐coated gelatin sponge (PGS; 3 × 3 × 2 mm) was impregnated with 7.2 μl rhBMP‐2 solution. The recipient sites in each quadrant were treated with physiologic saline/PGS and rhBMP‐2/PGS (rhBMP‐2 at 7.2 μg/7.2 μl). The dogs were sacrificed 12 weeks post‐surgery, and healing was evaluated histologically.Results: Bone formation and connective tissue attachment were observed following rhBMP‐2/PGS implantation. In the four recipient sites of the BMP‐treated group, significant positive correlations were found between the width of residual bone and the height and area of regenerated bone (r = 0.791; r = 0.828; P <0.0001). The height of regenerated bone was also significantly correlated to the area (r = 0.891; P <0.0001).Conclusions: The width of residual bone was one of the clinical host factors that affected bone regeneration following BMP implantation. However, it did not affect connective tissue attachment, cementum regeneration, and downgrowth of junctional epithelium.
Immediate Restoration of Small‐Diameter Implants in Cases of Partial Posterior Edentulism: A 4‐Year Case Series
Authors: Degidi Marco , Nardi Diego , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: June 2009

Background: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the use of immediate restorations supported by 3.0‐mm‐diameter implants as a suitable technique for the rehabilitation of partial posterior edentulism.Methods: Forty consecutive patients, 18 males and 22 females with a mean age of 54.7 ± 17.2 years, with partial edentulism in the posterior region were treated with 93 immediately restored 3.0‐mm‐diameter implants. Forty‐eight and 45 implants were placed in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. All implants were placed in healed sites and splinted by the temporary restoration, which was placed to avoid occlusal contact. The final restoration was delivered ∼6 months after implant insertion. Mean marginal bone loss was assessed using standard periapical radiographs immediately after surgery and at 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, 36‐, and 48‐month follow‐up examinations.Results: All implants had osseointegrated and were clinically stable at the 6‐month follow‐up. The accumulated mean marginal bone loss was 1.16 ± 0.90 mm (N = 89) at the 48‐month follow‐up. No implant fractures occurred.Conclusion: The use of immediately loaded small‐diameter implants supporting fixed partial restorations is a predictable procedure for the rehabilitation of partial posterior edentulism.
Equivalence structures and isomorphisms in the difference hierarchy
Authors: Cenzer Douglas , Laforte Geoffrey , Remmel Jeffrey 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe examine the effective categoricity of equivalence structures via Ershov's difference hierarchy. We explore various kinds of categoricity available by distinguishing three different notions of isomorphism available in this hierarchy. We prove several results relating our notions of categoricity to computable equivalence relations: for example, we show that, for such relations, computable categoricity is equivalent to our notion of weak ω-c.e. categoricity, and that -categoricity is equivalent to our notion of graph-ω-c.e. categoricity.
Ramsey's theorem and cone avoidance
Authors: Dzhafarov Damir D. , Jockusch Carl G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt was shown by Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman that every computable 2-coloring of pairs admits an infinite low2 homogeneous set H. We answer a question of the same authors by showing that H may be chosen to satisfy in addition C ≰rH, where C is a given noncomputable set. This is shown by analyzing a new and simplified proof of Seetapun's cone avoidance theorem for Ramsey's theorem. We then extend the result to show that every computable 2-coloring of pairs admits a pair of low2 infinite homogeneous sets whose degrees form a minimal pair.
Returning to semi-bounded sets
Authors: Peterzil Ya'Acov 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn o-minimal expansion of an ordered group is called semi-bounded if there is no definable bijection between a bounded and an unbounded interval in it (equivalently, it is an expansion of the group by bounded predicates and group automorphisms). It is shown that every such structure has an elementary extensionNsuch that eitherNis a reduct of an ordered vector space, or there is an o-minimal structure, with the same universe but of different language fromN, with (i) Every definable set inNis definable in, and (ii)has an elementary substructure in which every bounded interval admits a definable real closed field.As a result certain questions about definably compact groups can be reduced to either ordered vector spaces or expansions of real closed fields. Using the known results in these two settings, the number of torsion points in definably compact abelian groups in expansions of ordered groups is given. Pillay's Conjecture for such groups follows.
A decomposition of the Rogers semilattice of a family of d.c.e. sets
Authors: Badaev Serikzhan A. , Lempp Steffen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractKhutoretskii's Theorem states that the Rogers semilattice of any family of c.e. sets has either at most one or infinitely many elements. A lemma in the inductive step of the proof shows that no Rogers semilattice can be partitioned into a principal ideal and a principal filter. We show that such a partitioning is possible for some family of d.c.e. sets. In fact, we construct a family of c.e. sets which, when viewed as a family of d.c.e. sets, has (up to equivalence) exactly two computable Friedberg numberings μ and ν, and μ reduces to any computable numbering not equivalent to ν. The question of whether the full statement of Khutoretskii's Theorem fails for families of d.c.e. sets remains open.
Henselianity and the Denef-Pas language
Authors: Yin Yimu 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe prove that if an equicharacteristic valued field has a ℤ-group as its value group and admits quantifier elimination in the main sort of the prototypical Denef-Pas style language then it is henselian. In fact the proof of this suggests that a reasonable class of Denef-Pas style languages is natural with respect to henselianity.
Lowness for Kurtz randomness
Authors: Greenberg Noam , Miller Joseph S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe prove that degrees that are low for Kurtz randomness cannot be diagonally non-recursive. Together with the work of Stephan and Yu [16], this proves that they coincide with the hyperimmune-free non-DNR degrees, which are also exactly the degrees that are low for weak 1-genericity.We also consider Low(ℳ, Kurtz), the class of degrees a such that every element of ℳ is a-Kurtz random. These are characterised when ℳ is the class of Martin-Löf random, computably random, or Schnorr random reals. We show that Low(ML, Kurtz) coincides with the non-DNR degrees, while both Low(CR, Kurtz) and Low(Schnorr, Kurtz) are exactly the non-high, non-DNR degrees.
Automorphisms of the truth-table degrees are fixed on a cone
Authors: Anderson Bernard A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLet Dtt denote the set of truth-table degrees. A bijection π: Dtt → Dtt is an automorphism if for all truth-table degrees x and y we have x ≤tty ⇔ π(x) ≤ttπ(y). We say an automorphism π is fixed on a cone if there is a degree b such that for all x ≥ttb we have π(x) = x. We first prove that for every 2-generic real X we have X′ ≰ttX ⊕ 0′. We next prove that for every real X ≥tt 0′ there is a real Y such that Y ⊕ 0′ ≡ttY′ ≡ttX. Finally, we use this to demonstrate that every automorphism of the truth-table degrees is fixed on a cone.
Stability and posets
Authors: Jockusch Carl G. , Kastermans Bart , Lempp Steffen , Lerman Manuel , Solomon Reed 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHirschfeldt and Shore have introduced a notion of stability for infinite posets. We define an arguably more natural notion called weak stability, and we study the existence of infinite computable or low chains or antichains, and of infinite chains and antichains, in infinite computable stable and weakly stable posets. For example, we extend a result of Hirschfeldt and Shore to show that every infinite computable weakly stable poset contains either an infinite low chain or an infinite computable antichain. Our hardest result is that there is an infinite computable weakly stable poset with no infinite chains or antichains. On the other hand, it is easily seen that every infinite computable stable poset contains an infinite computable chain or an infinite antichain. In Reverse Mathematics, we show that SCAC, the principle that every infinite stable poset contains an infinite chain or antichain, is equivalent over RCA0 to WSAC, the corresponding principle for weakly stable posets.
Poor Glycemic Control Is an Independent Risk Factor for Low HDL Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gatti Alessandra , Maranghi Marianna , Bacci Simonetta , Carallo Claudio , Gnasso Agostino , Mandosi Elisabetta , Fallarino Mara , Morano Susanna , Trischitta Vincenzo , Filetti Sebastiano 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the association observed between poor glycemic control and low HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes is dependent on obesity and/or hypertriglyceridemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional study of 1,819 patients with type 2 diabetes and triglycerides &lt;400 mg/dl enrolled at three diabetes centers in Italy. The risk for low HDL cholesterol was analyzed as a function of A1C levels. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated after adjustment for confounding factors.

RESULTS
A 1% increase in A1C significantly increased the risk for low HDL cholesterol (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.1–1.2], P = 0.00072); no changes were observed when age, sex, smoking, and lipid-lowering therapy were included in the model (1.17 [1.1–1.2], P = 0.00044). The association remained strong after adjustments for obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in multivariate analysis (1.12 [1.05–1.18], P = 0.00017).

CONCLUSIONS
Poor glycemic control appears to be an independent risk factor for low HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetes.
Differences in Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden and Morphology Between Type 1 and 2 Diabetes as Assessed by Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Djaberi Roxana , Schuijf Joanne D. , Boersma Eric , Kroft Lucia J.M. , Pereira Alberto M. , Romijn Johannes A. , Scholte Arthur J. , Jukema J. Wouter , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE
It is unclear whether the coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden is similar in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. By using multislice computed tomography (MSCT), the presence, degree, and morphology of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were compared.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Prospectively, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring and MSCT coronary angiography were performed in 135 asymptomatic patients (65 patients with type 1 diabetes and 70 patients with type 2 diabetes). The presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis as well as plaque phenotype were assessed and compared between groups.

RESULTS
No difference was observed in average CAC score (217 ± 530 vs. 174 ± 361) or in the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis (65% vs. 71%) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the prevalence of obstructive atherosclerosis was higher in patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 24; 34%) compared with that in patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 11; 17%) (P = 0.02). In addition, a higher mean number of atherosclerotic and obstructive plaques was observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, the percentage of noncalcified plaques was higher in patients with type 2 (66%) versus type 1 diabetes (27%) (P &lt; 0.001), resulting in a higher plaque burden for each CAC score compared with that in type 1 diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Although CAC scores and the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis were similar between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, CAD was more extensive in the latter. Also, a relatively higher proportion of noncalcified plaques was observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. These observations may be valuable in the development of targeted management strategies adapted to diabetes type.
Basic mechanism of in vitro pulsed-dye laser-induced vasodilation
Authors: Kaoutzanis Marios C. , Peterson John W. , Anderson R. Rox , McAuliffe Daniel J. , Sibilia Robert F. , Zervas Nicholas T. 
Published: June 2009

✓ Vasodilation of rabbit carotid arteries induced by a pulsed-eye laser was studied in vitro to clarify the underlying mechanism. Artery segments were double cannulated in a pressure-perfusion apparatus which, under physiological conditions, allows for differential application of various solutions, pharmacological agents, and pulsed-dye laser light. Vaso-constriction was activated using both pharmacological and nonpharmacological agonists.
Laser energy at a wavelength of either 480 or 575 nm was applied intraluminally in 1-µsec pulses, which caused dilation of the arteries if hemoglobin was present in the lumen at sufficient concentration. Induced vasodilation did not specifically require the presence of hemoglobin; the same phenomenon could be repeated using an inert dye such as Evans blue as an optical absorber of laser energy. The optical density of the absorber, the number of applied laser pulses, and total amount of applied energy directly influenced the vasodilatory response. Laser-induced vasodilation was possible in both normal vessels and vessels denuded of endothelium. Pulsed-dye laser-induced vasodilation is therefore not a phenomenon mediated through chemical processes, but is rather a purely physical process initiated by the optical absorption of laser energy by the intraluminal medium, which probably induces cavitation bubble formation and collapse, resulting in the vasodilatory response of the vessel.
Meningiomas arising from the falcotentorial junction
Authors: Asari Shoji , Maeshiro Tomohide , Tomita Susumu , Kawauchi Masamitsu , Yabuno Nobuyoshi , Kinugasa Kazushi , Ohmoto Takashi 
Published: June 2009

✓ Meningiomas arising from the falcotentorial junction are extremely rare. The authors describe the clinical features, neuroimaging studies, and results of surgical treatment of meningiomas of the falcotentorial junction and clarify the characteristics of this lesion based on a review of the literature and seven patients treated at their institution. The most common symptoms resulted from intracranial hypertension. Upward-gaze palsy appeared in only one patient. Computerized tomography (CT) showed no specific findings, but there was no evidence of edema around the tumor. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a round, smooth-bordered mass with a peritumoral rim, without edema, and showing marked contrast enhancement. The multiplanar capability of MR imaging delineated the relationship between the tumor and adjacent structures better than did CT. Detailed knowledge of the vascular structures, especially evidence of occlusion of the galenic venous system and the development of collateral venous channels, is critical for successful surgery; stereoscopic cerebral angiography is necessary to achieve this aim.
The seven patients described developed five types of collateral venous channels: through the basal vein of Rosenthal to the petrosal vein, through the veins on the medial surface of the parietal and occipital lobes to the superior sagittal sinus, through superficial anastomotic veins, through veins of the posterior fossa to the transverse or straight sinus, and through the falcian veins to the superior sagittal sinus. The first three types mainly developed after occlusion of the galenic system. The tumors were removed through the occipital transtentorial approach with a large window at the posterior part of the falx. A favorable prognosis for patients undergoing surgical treatment of falcotentorial junction meningiomas can be expected if detailed neuroimaging studies and microsurgical techniques are used.
The poor prognosis of ruptured intracranial aneurysms of the posterior circulation
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Wijdicks Eelco F. M. , Piepgras David G. , Chu Chu-Pin , O'Fallon W. Michael , Whisnant Jack P. 
Published: June 2009

✓ The first 48 hours after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are critical in determining final outcome. However, most patients who die during this initial period are not included in hospital-based studies. We investigated the occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage in a population-based study to evaluate possible predictors of poor outcome. All patients diagnosed with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between 1955 and 1984 were selected for analysis of mortality in the first 30 days using the medical record—linkage system employed for epidemiological studies in Rochester, Minnesota. One hundred and thirty-six patients were identified. The mean age of these 99 women and 37 men was 55 years. Rates for survival to 48 hours were 32% for the 19 patients with posterior circulation aneurysms, 77% for the 87 patients with anterior circulation aneurysms, and 70% for the 30 patients with a presumed aneurysm (p < 0.0001). Rates for survival to 30 days were 11%, 57%, and 53%, respectively, in these three patient groups (p < 0.0001). Clinical grade on admission to the hospital, the main variable predictive of death within 48 hours, was significantly worse in patients with posterior circulation aneurysms than in others (p < 0.0001).The prognosis of ruptured posterior circulation aneurysms is poor. The high early mortality explains why posterior circulation aneurysms are uncommon in most clinical series of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The management of incidentally discovered intact posterior circulation aneurysms may be influenced by these findings.
Quadrant anatomy of the articular pillars (lateral cervical mass) of the cervical spine
Authors: Pait T. Glenn , McAllister Phillip V. , Kaufman Howard H. 
Published: June 2009

✓ Knowledge of the relevant anatomy is important when developing a strategy for introducing screws into the lateral masses to secure internal fixation devices. This paper defines key bony landmarks and their relationship to critical neurovascular structures and identifies a location for safe placement of cervical articular pillar (lateral mass) screws.Measurements of anatomical landmarks in 10 spines from human cadavers aged 61 to 85 years were made by caliper and a metric ruler. Landmarks were the lateral facet line, rostrocaudal line, medial facet line, intrafacet line, and medial facet line—vertebral artery line. The average distances and ranges were recorded. Such great variance existed in measurements from spine to spine and within the same spine as to render averages clinically unreliable. Dissection revealed that division of the articular pillar into four quadrants leaves one, the superior lateral quadrant, under which there are no neurovascular structures; this may be considered the “safe quadrant” for placement of posterior screws and plates.