bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Yu Enda , Gao Xianhua , Song Ning , Liu Lianjie , Wei Xubiao , Zhang Wei , Fu Chuangang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInconsistent results regarding the association between red and processed meat intake and the risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA), the precursor of colorectal cancer (CRC), have been reported. To provide a quantitative assessment of this association, we summarized the evidence from observational studies. Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE and EMBASE until December 31, 2011. Summary relative risks (SRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random‐effects model. Between‐study heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. A total of 21 studies (16 case–control studies and five cohort/nested case–control studies) were included in this meta‐analysis. The SRRs of CRA were 1.36 (95% CI = 1.17–1.58) for every 100 g/day increase in red meat intake, and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.12–1.36) for the highest versus the lowest level of red meat intake. Nonlinear dose‐response meta‐analysis indicated that CRA risk increased approximately linearly with increasing intake of red meat up to ∼ 90 g/day, where the curve reached its plateau. Subgrouped analyses revealed that the increased risk of CRA with intake of red meat was independent of geographic locations, design and confounders. The SRRs of CRA was 1.28 (95% CI = 1.03–1.60) for per 50 g/day increase in processed meat intake, and 1.17 (95% CI = 1.08–1.26) for the highest versus the lowest level of processed meat intake. Increased intake of red and processed meat is associated with significantly increased risk of CRA.
Antibiotic use and risk of non‐hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Rasmussen M.‐L.H. , Hjalgrim H. , Mølgaard‐Nielsen D. , Wohlfahrt J. , Melbye M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractClinical case reports have suggested that specific bacterial infections are associated with certain non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtypes. Epidemiological case–control studies have been conducted using antibiotics as a proxy for bacterial infections, but with inconclusive results. The aim of this study was, in a cohort design, based on the unique nationwide Danish registers, to investigate the association between use of antibiotics and the risk of NHL subtypes. On the basis of the Civil Registration System, we established a cohort of the entire adult (≥15 years) Danish population. Information on use of antibiotics came from the Danish Drug Prescription Registry and lymphoma diagnosis from the Danish Cancer Registry. Associations were assessed by adjusted rate ratios (RRs). In total, 13,602 patients were diagnosed with one of the NHL subtypes during 51.6 million person‐years of follow‐up (1995–2008). We observed positive associations between use of antibiotics and plasma cell myeloma [RR = 1.11, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.00–1.24], chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.20–1.45), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.04–1.88) and anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) (RR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.00–3.36). Among these, the increased risk of CLL/SLL, MCL and ALCL, respectively, did not vary by years since use, and only the risk of CLL/SLL risk differed by number of prescriptions. While causality could not be established in our study, an intriguing positive long‐term association between antibiotic use and CLL/SLL risk was observed. To what extent these findings indicate a role for bacteria in lymphoma pathogenesis requires further investigation.
Predicting maternal sensitivity: The roles of postnatal depressive symptoms and parasympathetic dysregulation
Authors: Musser Erica D. , Ablow Jennifer C. , Measelle Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrevious research has established that maternal depression is a risk factor for a variety of negative developmental outcomes among infants and children. Although low levels of maternal sensitivity have been hypothesized to explain this risk, the biological mechanisms underlying the association between maternal depressive symptoms and low levels of maternal sensitivity have been largely underexplored. This study examined the roles of postnatal depressive symptoms and parasympathetic nervous system functioning as predictors of low levels of maternal sensitivity, during a stressful mother–infant interaction—the reunion phase of the Still‐Face Paradigm. Depressive symptoms and traitlike predispositions toward parasympathetic dysregulation, as indexed by low resting levels of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, were associated independently with less sensitive parenting. Discussion considers that during stressful mother–infant interactions, both mothers with depressive symptoms and mothers predisposed to parasympathetic dysregulation may have fewer emotional, physiological, and psychological resources with which to respond sensitively to their infants' cues.
Mothers' voices: Coping with their children's initial disability diagnosis
Authors: Bingham Ann , Correa Vivian I. , Huber Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFor parents of infants and toddlers receiving a diagnosis of disability, a variety of responses may result. Yet, little is known about the specific ways families cope with the initial diagnosis. This qualitative study investigated 6 mothers' memories of their children's diagnoses. Mothers described their use of both palliative strategies (denying, questioning, and wishful thinking) and problem‐solving strategies (searching for information, seeking social support, reframing, and seeking spiritual support) to cope with their children's initial diagnoses. The results of this study may improve professionals' understanding of parents' need for information and support at the time of initial diagnosis.
Short‐term effect of biochar and compost on soil fertility and water status of a Dystric Cambisol in NE Germany under field conditions
Authors: Liu Jie , Schulz Hardy , Brandl Susanne , Miehtke Herbert , Huwe Bernd , Glaser Bruno 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCrop growth in sandy soils is usually limited by plant‐available nutrients and water contents. This study was conducted to determine whether these limiting factors could be improved through applications of compost and biochar. For this purpose, a maize (Zea mays L.) field trial was established at 1 ha area of a Dystric Cambisol in Brandenburg, NE Germany. Five treatments (control, compost, and three biochar‐compost mixtures with constant compost amount (32.5 Mg ha–1) and increasing biochar amount, ranging from 5–20 Mg ha–1) were compared. Analyses comprised total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), plant‐available nutrients, and volumetric soil water content for 4 months under field conditions during the growing season 2009. In addition, soil water‐retention characteristics were analyzed on undisturbed soil columns in the laboratory. Total organic‐C content could be increased by a factor of 2.5 from 0.8 to 2% (p < 0.01) at the highest biochar‐compost level compared with control while TN content only slightly increased. Plant‐available Ca, K, P, and Na contents increased by a factor of 2.2, 2.5, 1.2, and 2.8, respectively. With compost addition, the soil pH value significantly increased by up to 0.6 (p < 0.05) and plant‐available soil water retention increased by a factor of 2. Our results clearly demonstrated a synergistic positive effect of compost and biochar mixtures on soil organic‐matter content, nutrients levels, and water‐storage capacity of a sandy soil under field conditions.
Stimulating and toxicity effects of nickel on growth, yield, and fruit quality of cucumber supplied with different nitrogen sources
Authors: Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh Amir , Bahmanziari Hoda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLimited information is available on biological effects of various levels of nickel (Ni) (deficiency to toxicity levels) on growth and yield of certain crops, particularly vegetables. In this sand‐culture study, we investigated the effects of four levels of Ni (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) on growth, yield, and fruit‐quality attributes of two cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L. cvs. Super Dominus and Negin) supplied with urea or NH4NO3 as nitrogen source. Addition of 50 μM Ni to the nutrient solution resulted in a significant increase of shoot and root dry‐matter yield of cv. Negin although this increase was greater in the urea‐fed plants than those fed with NH4NO3. In both cultivars, addition of 50 μM Ni increased urease activity and thereby decreased the urea concentration in the urea treatment. Addition of 100 and 200 μM Ni caused a significant decrease in root and shoot growth of cucumber although this decrease was insignificant for cv. Super Dominus in the 100 μM treatment. The highest fruit yield, total soluble solids (TSS), and fruit firmness were achieved at the 50 μM Ni treatment. Regardless of nitrogen source, Ni addition proportional to the concentration used increased leaf Ni concentration and fruit acid ascorbic concentration. The concentration of Ni required for optimum growth and yield of cucumber varied with cultivars. The level of 50 μM was sufficient for optimum growth of cv. Negin in nutrient‐solution culture while lower concentration of Ni was required for cv. Super Dominus. While the beneficial effects of sufficient levels of Ni on growth and yield of urea‐fed plants was greater than with NH4NO3‐fed plants, the toxic effects of Ni in these plants were also greater.
Elemental and isotopic carbon and nitrogen records of organic matter accumulation in a Holocene permafrost peat sequence in the East European Russian Arctic
Authors: Andersson Rina Argelia , Meyers Philip , Hornibrook Edward , Kuhry Peter , Mörth Carl‐Magnus 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA peat deposit from the East European Russian Arctic, spanning nearly 10 000 years, was investigated to study soil organic matter degradation using analyses of bulk elemental and stable isotopic compositions and plant macrofossil remains. The peat accumulated initially in a wet fen that was transformed into a peat plateau bog following aggradation of permafrost in the late Holocene (∼2500 cal a BP). Total organic carbon and total nitrogen (N) concentrations are higher in the fen peat than in the moss‐dominated bog peat layers. Layers in the sequence that have lower concentrations of total hydrogen (H) are associated with degraded vascular plant residues. C/N and H/C atomic ratios indicate better preservation of organic matter in peat material dominated by bryophytes as opposed to vascular plants. The presence of permafrost in the peat plateau stage and water‐saturated conditions at the bottom of the fen stage appear to lead to better preservation of organic plant material. δ15N values suggest N isotopic fractionation was driven primarily by microbial decomposition whereas differences in δ13C values appear to reflect mainly changes in plant assemblages. Positive shifts in both δ15N and δ13C values coincide with a local change to drier conditions as a result of the onset of permafrost and frost heave of the peat surface. This pattern suggests that permafrost aggradation not only resulted in changes in vegetation but also aerated the underlying fen peat, which enhanced microbial denitrification, causing the observed 15N‐enrichment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grothedieck Numbers of Linear and Continuous Operators on Banach Spaces
Authors: Geiss Stefan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe define for a linear and continuous operator T between Banach spaces E and F a sequence (Tn(T)) as

where the supremum is taken over all normalized elements x1,…. xn of E and all normalized linear functionals b1,…, bn on F. After proving basic properties we give estimates from above by special ideal norms and derive from this related results of eigenvalue distributions.
On Linear Differential Equations in Spaces of Locally Integrable Functions and of Mikusiński Operators
Authors: Pap Endre , Takači Djurdjica 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper the convergence rates of the solutions of linear operator differential equation in the space L of locally integrable functions on (0, ∞) and in the eubalgebra Fo, of the field F of Mikuński operators are investigated. In particular it is shown that if the solution belongs to L then its corresponding representation converges in L.
On the Inverse Problem of a Dissipative Scattering Theory, III
Authors: Neidhardt Hagen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConsidering a scattering theory in the class of contractions on Hilbert spaces the Inverse problem is solved in an operator‐theoretical manner. The solution is obtained under the very general assumptions that the free evolutions are different for different time directions and that not only the perturbed or full evolutions but also the free evolutions are given by contraction. It is shown that the class of contractive Hankel operators can be viewed as a set of scattering operators. This implies the possibility that the scattering operator can be compact. Moreover, Win result is applied to the so‐called Lax‐Phillips scattering theory with losses restoring a result of B. S. Pavlov on the completion of this theory in a quite different manner.
On Inner Characterizations of Aõ‐Algebras and some Applications to Calkin Algebras and Symmetric Tensor‐Algebras
Authors: Hofmann Gerald , Löffler Frank 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSpacefree characterizations of Aõ‐algebras are discussed, and their applications to (unbounded) Calkin algebras and symmetric tensor‐algebras are considered. For Calkin algebras, a sufficient condition for being an Aõ‐algebra is provided. On symmetric tensor‐algebras, Õ‐lopologies are constructed and their relations to the well‐known topologies are examined.
The Tipping Point of Design: How Product Design and Brands Interact to Affect Consumers’ Preferences
Authors: Landwehr Jan R. , Wentzel Daniel , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTExisting research on product design has demonstrated the importance of aesthetics in generating favorable consumer responses. However, the literature has only recently begun to explore if and to what extent the impact of product design is influenced by brand strength. Whereas some research indicates that strong brands may benefit less strongly from aesthetically attractive designs, other research suggests that attractive designs are more persuasive when they are paired with a strong brand. In this research, these two competing predictions were tested through three studies with German car buyers. In Study 1, participants were exposed to a fictitious car that was paired with a randomly chosen brand name. In Study 2, participants were presented with a set of existing cars and were asked to choose one. Both studies yield converging evidence and show that product design and brands interact in a positive fashion, suggesting that attractive designs exert a greater influence on consumers’ decision processes when they are accompanied by a strong brand. Study 3 extended these findings by demonstrating that strong brands only increase the impact of attractive designs when perceived risk is high but not when it is low.
Transformational Leadership: Managing the Twenty‐First Century Sales Force
Authors: Smith Brent , Andras Trina Larsen , Rosenbloom Bert 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn today's more diverse sales organizations, sales managers face important interpersonal challenges to achieving high‐quality relationships, which result in better performance within their sales force. In this article, it is argued that cultural distance can negatively influence sales manager and sales subordinate relationships. The quality of these relationships ultimately influences the level of effort that sales subordinates exert toward achieving organizational sales goals. However, despite the potential obstacle of cultural distance, sales managers can utilize transformational leadership as a means to mitigate its adverse effects on one‐to‐one relationships with members of the sales force.
Thioketone‐Mediated Polymerization with Dithiobenzoates: Proof for the Existence of Stable Radical Intermediates in RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Junkers Tanja , Delaittre Guillaume , Chapman Robert , Günzler Fabian , Chernikova Elena , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel dithioester control agent [dimethyltetrathioterephtalate (DMTTT)] is presented for the thioketone‐mediated radical polymerization (TKMP) of n‐butyl acrylate. The rate of polymerization is significantly decreased in the presence of DMTTT indicating formation of dormant radical species. During polymerization, molar masses increase linearly with monomer conversion with reasonably narrow initial molar mass distributions (PDI between 1.3 and 1.8), whereas the dispersity increases during the course of the polymerization due to irreversible termination of both propagating and dormant radicals. The present results thus highlight the possibility of a mixed mechanism operating in RAFT polymerization, which combines slow fragmentation (long‐lived intermediates) and intermediate radical termination.
Tricyclic antidepressants delay the need for dopaminergic therapy in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Paumier Katrina L. , Siderowf Andrew D. , Auinger Peggy , Oakes David , Madhavan Lalitha , Espay Alberto J. , Revilla Fredy J. , Collier Timothy J. ,   for the Parkinson Study Group Genetics Epidemiology Working Group
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examined whether antidepressants delay the need for dopaminergic therapy or change the degree of motor impairment and disability in a population of early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Preclinical studies have indicated that antidepressants modulate signaling pathways involved in cell survival and plasticity, suggesting they may serve to both treat PD‐associated depression and slow disease progression. A patient‐level meta‐analysis included 2064 patients from the treatment and placebo arms of the following trials: FS1, FS‐TOO, ELLDOPA, QE2, TEMPO, and PRECEPT. Depression severity was determined at baseline, and antidepressant use was reported in a medication log each visit. Kaplan–Meier curves and time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards models determined associations between depression severity and antidepressant use with the primary outcome, time to initiation of dopaminergic therapy. ANCOVAs determined associations with the secondary outcome, degree of motor impairment and disability, reported as annualized change in UPDRS scores from baseline to final visit. When controlling for baseline depression, the initiation of dopaminergic therapy was delayed for subjects taking tricyclic antidepressants compared with those not taking antidepressants. No significant differences were found in UPDRS scores for subjects taking antidepressants compared with those not taking antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants are associated with a delay in reaching the end point of need to start dopaminergic therapy. The lack of change in overall UPDRS scores suggests the delay was not attributable to symptomatic effects. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
From sequence to molecular pathology, and a mechanism driving the neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate cancer
Authors: Lapuk Anna V , Wu Chunxiao , Wyatt Alexander W , McPherson Andrew , McConeghy Brian J , Brahmbhatt Sonal , Mo Fan , Zoubeidi Amina , Anderson Shawn , Bell Robert H , Haegert Anne , Shukin Robert , Wang Yuzhuo , Fazli Ladan , Hurtado‐Coll Antonio , Jones Edward C , Hach Faraz , Hormozdiari Fereydoun , Hajirasouliha Iman , Boutros Paul C , Bristow Robert G , Zhao Yongjun , Marra Marco A , Fanjul Andrea , Maher Christopher A , Chinnaiyan Arul M , Rubin Mark A , Beltran Himisha , Sahinalp S Cenk , Gleave Martin E , Volik Stanislav V , Collins Colin C 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe current paradigm of cancer care relies on predictive nomograms which integrate detailed histopathology with clinical data. However, when predictions fail, the consequences for patients are often catastrophic, especially in prostate cancer where nomograms influence the decision to therapeutically intervene. We hypothesized that the high dimensional data afforded by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is not only capable of providing biological insights, but may aid molecular pathology of prostate tumours. We assembled a cohort of six patients with high‐risk disease, and performed deep RNA and shallow DNA sequencing in primary tumours and matched metastases where available. Our analysis identified copy number abnormalities, accurately profiled gene expression levels, and detected both differential splicing and expressed fusion genes. We revealed occult and potentially dormant metastases, unambiguously supporting the patients' clinical history, and implicated the REST transcriptional complex in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer, validating this finding in a large independent cohort. We massively expand on the number of novel fusion genes described in prostate cancer; provide fresh evidence for the growing link between fusion gene aetiology and gene expression profiles; and show the utility of fusion genes for molecular pathology. Finally, we identified chromothripsis in a patient with chronic prostatitis. Our results provide a strong foundation for further development of MPS‐based molecular pathology. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of multi‐site neurocognitive assessments within a pediatric cooperative group: Can it be done?
Authors: Embry Leanne , Annett Robert D. , Kunin‐Batson Alicia , Patel Sunita K. , Sands Stephen , Reaman Gregory , Noll Robert B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive functioning is an important construct in childhood cancer survivorship, given the potential neurotoxicity of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and treatments and the relevance for important functional outcomes in adulthood. However, within pediatric oncology cooperative groups there have been significant barriers to neurocognitive data collection that have historically resulted in incomplete data (<30% compliance), thereby limiting progress in understanding the neurocognitive functioning of survivors. This paper describes the development, feasibility, and potential efficacy of a brief neurocognitive battery to maximize collection of psychometrically robust neurocognitive data within a pediatric cooperative group. We hypothesized that a novel set of procedures could result in collection of data from over 80% of eligible children.ProcedureA novel assessment battery (ALTE07C1) that evaluates a child's cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral functioning was developed. It included measures that were psychometrically sound, normed, widely available, and could be administered by any licensed psychologist. The battery required approximately 1 hour of administration time. A data monitoring team was developed to ensure prompt data collection.ResultsApproximately 75% (105 of 140) of institutions with eligible patients opened ALTE07C1; 159 participants have been enrolled. The overall compliance rate for submission of neurocognitive data exceeded 90%.DiscussionOur study supports the feasibility and potential efficacy of a brief neurocognitive battery and a data monitoring team to evaluate children participating in multi‐site pediatric oncology trials. Future work will utilize ALTE07C1 as a primary or secondary endpoint for pediatric trials when there is risk for neurocognitive impairment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:536–539. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.