bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single and multiple yarn pull-outs on aramid woven fabric structures
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Korkmaz Mahmut 
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to understand the pull-out properties of para-aramid woven fabrics. Para-aramid Twaron CT714 and CT716 woven fabrics were used to conduct the pull-out tests. Twaron CT714 and CT716 woven fabrics have low and high fabric densities, respectively. A previously developed yarn pull-out fixture was improved to test various fabric sample dimensions. Data generated from the single and multiple yarn pull-out tests using various dimensions of CT714 and CT716 woven fabrics included fabric pull-out forces, yarn crimp extensions in the fabrics and fabric displacements. Yarn pull-out forces depend on fabric density, fabric sample dimensions and number of pulled ends in the fabric. Results showed that the multiple yarn pull-out force was higher than that of the single yarn pull-out test. Single and multiple yarn pull-out forces in Twaron CT716 (tight fabric) were higher than those of Twaron CT714 (loose fabric). Yarn crimp extension in Twaron CT714 and CT716 fabrics depends on crimp ratios in the warp and weft directions in the fabrics and on fabric density. High crimp ratio fabrics showed high yarn crimp extension in the fabric compared to that of low crimp ratio fabrics. Wide and long fabric samples also showed high yarn crimp extension compared to that of the narrow and short fabric samples. Fabric displacement in Twaron CT714 and CT718 fabrics depends on fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled yarns. Wide and long fabric samples showed high fabric displacement compared to that of the narrow and short fabric samples. Fabric displacement resulting from the multiple yarn pull-out test was also higher than that of the single yarn pull-out test. Future research will concentrate on the development of the analytical relations between pull-out and yarn-fabric structural parameters which could result in a ballistically better fabric structure for use in soft ballistic applications.
Dexmedetomidine Use in Pediatric Airway Reconstruction
Authors: Silver Amanda L. , Yager Phoebe , Purohit Prashant , Noviski Natan , Hartnick Christopher J. 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveAssess the postoperative use of dexmedetomidine (Precedex) in pediatric patients following airway reconstruction.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsA retrospective review of 24 children undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) or laryngeal cleft repair (LCR) was conducted. Twelve children were treated with standard sedation protocols where dexmedetomidine was administered in lieu of propofol (Diprivan); 12 age‐, gender‐, and procedure‐matched controls were selected. Subjects were divided into groups based on duration of postoperative intubation for cross‐comparison; group 1 was intubated <24 hours, group 2 was intubated 2 to 6 days, and group 3 was intubated 7 days or longer. Baseline heart rate and blood pressure measurements were compared to hourly measurements for the first 6 hours following initiation of dexmedetomidine or mechanical ventilation in the control group. Number of supportive respiratory interventions, adverse events, self‐extubations, premature termination of dexmedetomidine, amount of muscle relaxants, agents to treat withdrawal, and length of stay were evaluated.ResultsTen patients undergoing LTR and 2 patients undergoing LCR receiving dexmedetomidine were compared to 10 LTR and 2 LCR control patients. Overall, dexmedetomidine was well tolerated and without significant adverse effects, particularly in cases of short‐term intubation or as a bridge to extubation.ConclusionIn cases requiring short‐term intubation following airway reconstruction, dexmedetomidine may offer a safe alternative to propofol by providing readily reversible sedation during the periextubation period. Further studies are needed to determine the safety, efficacy, dosing, and potential complications of longer term dexmedetomidine administration in pediatric airway reconstruction.
Social Dividend Based on Overproduction
Authors: Dang Aimin 
Published: December 2010

At present, although there are many cases of governments distributing money to their citizens, the fund sources are still very limited. This paper argues that, with overproduction as the material basis of a social dividend, it is possible to raise funding for this social dividend by issuing currency. This can not only expand the fund sources of the social dividend, but also help to solve the fundamental contradiction of capitalist overproduction and to realize socialism as soon as possible. JEL classifications: P11, P21, E58
Lesion probability mapping to explain clinical deficits and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kincses ZT , Ropele S , Jenkinson M , Khalil M , Petrovic K , Loitfelder M , Langkammer C , Aspeck E , Wallner-Blazek M , Fuchs S , Jehna M , Schmidt R , Vécsei L , Fazekas F , Enzinger C 
Published: December 2010

Background: Lesion dissemination in time and space represents a key feature and diagnostic marker of multiple sclerosis (MS). The correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion load and disability is only modest, however. Strategic lesion location might at least partially account for this ‘clinico-radiologic paradox’. Objectives: Here we used a non-parametric permutation-based approach to map lesion location probability based on MS lesions identified on T2-weighted MRI. We studied 121 patients with clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing–remitting or secondary progressive MS and correlated these maps to assessments of neurologic and cognitive functions. Results: The Expanded Disability Status Scale correlated with bilateral periventricular lesion location (LL), and sensory and coordination functional system deficits correlated with lesion accumulation in distinct anatomically plausible regions, i.e. thalamus and middle cerebellar peduncule. Regarding cognitive performance, decreased verbal fluency correlated with left parietal LL comprising the putative superior longitudinal fascicle. Delayed spatial recall correlated with _amygdalar, _left frontal and parietal LL. Delayed selective reminding correlated with bilateral frontal and temporal LL. However, only part of the spectrum of cognitive and neurological problems encountered in our cohort could be explained by specific lesion location. Conclusions: Lesion probability mapping supports the association of specific lesion locations with symptom development in MS, but only to limited extent.
RETRACTED Postcolonial interventions and disruptions: Contesting cultural practices
Authors: Wong Loong 
Published: December 2010

At the request of the editor, Wong L. (2010) ‘Postcolonial interventions and disruptions: Contesting cultural practices’ International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management 10 (3) 345-362 10.1177/1470595810389795 has been retracted. This is because it reproduces large sections of the following article without acknowledgement: Reimer Kirkham, S. & Anderson, J. (2002). Postcolonial nursing scholarship: From epistemology to method. Advances in Nursing Science. 25(1), 1 – 17. http://journals.lww.com/advancesinnursingscience/toc/2002/09000 Postcolonial theory, with its interpretations of race, racialization, and culture, offers us a set of powerful analytic tools to meet the epistemological challenge of giving voice to subjugated knowledges and the capacity to address and uncover social relationships within organizations. In particular, it opens up new ways of framing issues within organizational practices, enabling us to imagine new possibilities and practices. This paper suggests that the integration of postcolonial perspectives into cross-cultural management and its theorizing enhances and enriches its discursive import. The paper also attempts to sketch out a methodology to ground the intricate relationship between culture, practice, and organizations.
Prognostic impact, concurrent genetic mutations, and gene expression features of AML with CEBPA mutations in a cohort of 1182 cytogenetically normal AML patients: further evidence for CEBPA double mutant AML as a distinctive disease entity
Authors: Taskesen Erdogan , Bullinger Lars , Corbacioglu Andrea , Sanders Mathijs A. , Erpelinck Claudia A. J. , Wouters Bas J. , van der Poel-van de Luytgaarde Sonja C. , Damm Frederik , Krauter Jürgen , Ganser Arnold , Schlenk Richard F. , Löwenberg Bob , Delwel Ruud , Döhner Hartmut , Valk Peter J. M. , Döhner Konstanze 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe evaluated concurrent gene mutations, clinical outcome, and gene expression signatures of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) double mutations (CEBPAdm) versus single mutations (CEBPAsm) in 1182 cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (16-60 years of age). We identified 151 (12.8%) patients with CEBPA mutations (91 CEBPAdm and 60 CEBPAsm). The incidence of germline mutations was 7% (5 of 71), including 3 C-terminal mutations. CEBPAdm patients had a lower frequency of concurrent mutations than CEBPAsm patients (P < .0001). Both, groups were associated with a favorable outcome compared with CEBPAwt (5-year overall survival [OS] 63% and 56% vs 39%; P < .0001 and P = .05, respectively). However, in multivariable analysis only CEBPAdm was a prognostic factor for favorable OS outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 0.36, P < .0001; event-free survival, HR 0.41, P < .0001; relapse-free survival, HR 0.55, P = .001). Outcome in CEBPAsm is dominated by concurrent NPM1 and/or FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations. Unsupervised and supervised GEP analyses showed that CEBPAdm AML (n = 42), but not CEBPAsm AML (n = 18), expressed a unique gene signature. A 25-probe set prediction signature for CEBPAdm AML showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. Based on these findings, we propose that CEBPAdm should be clearly defined from CEBPAsm AML and considered as a separate entity in the classification of AML.
Why marathon migrants get away with high metabolic ceilings: towards an ecology of physiological restraint
Authors: Piersma Theunis 
Published: December 2010

SummaryAnimals usually are not willing to perform at levels, or for lengths of time, of which they should be maximally capable. In stating this, exercise performance and inferred capacity are gauged with respect to body size and the duration of particular levels of energy expenditure. In such relative terms, the long-term metabolic ceiling of ca. 7 times basal metabolic rate in challenged but energy-balanced individuals may be real and general, because greater performance over long periods requires larger metabolic machinery that is ever more expensive to maintain. Avian marathon migrants relying on stored fuel (and therefore not in energy balance) that work for 9 consecutive days at levels of 9–10 times basal metabolic rate are exceptional performers in terms of the ‘relative expenditure’ on ‘duration of a particular activity’ curve nevertheless. Here I argue that metabolic ceilings in all situations (energy balanced or not) have their origin in the fitness costs of high performance levels due to subsequently reduced survival, which then precludes the possibility of future reproduction. The limits to performance should therefore be studied relative to ecological context (which includes aspects such as pathogen pressure and risk of overheating), which determines the severity of the survival punishment of over-exertion. I conclude that many dimensions of ecology have determined at which performance levels (accounting for time) individual animals, including human athletes, begin to show physiological restraint. Using modern molecular techniques to assay wear and tear, in combination with manipulated work levels in different ecological contexts, might enable experimental verification of these ideas.
Microevolution of intermediary metabolism: evolutionary genetics meets metabolic biochemistry
Authors: Zera Anthony J. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryDuring the past decade, microevolution of intermediary metabolism has become an important new research focus at the interface between metabolic biochemistry and evolutionary genetics. Increasing recognition of the importance of integrative studies in evolutionary analysis, the rising interest in ‘evolutionary systems biology’, and the development of various ‘omics’ technologies have all contributed significantly to this developing interface. The present review primarily focuses on five prominent areas of recent research on pathway microevolution: lipid metabolism and life-history evolution; the electron transport system, hybrid breakdown and speciation; glycolysis, alcohol metabolism and population adaptation in Drosophila; chemostat selection in microorganisms; and anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis and flower color evolution. Some of these studies have provided a new perspective on important evolutionary topics that have not been investigated extensively from a biochemical perspective (hybrid breakdown, parallel evolution). Other studies have provided new data that augment previous biochemical information, resulting in a deeper understanding of evolutionary mechanisms (allozymes and biochemical adaptation to climate, life-history evolution, flower pigments and the genetics of adaptation). Finally, other studies have provided new insights into how the function or position of an enzyme in a pathway influences its evolutionary dynamics, in addition to providing powerful experimental models for investigations of network evolution. Microevolutionary studies of metabolic pathways will undoubtedly become increasingly important in the future because of the central importance of intermediary metabolism in organismal fitness, the wealth of biochemical data being provided by various omics technologies, and the increasing influence of integrative and systems perspectives in biology.
Molecules in motion: influences of diffusion on metabolic structure and function in skeletal muscle
Authors: Kinsey Stephen T. , Locke Bruce R. , Dillaman Richard M. 
Published: December 2010

Summary
Metabolic processes are often represented as a group of metabolites that interact through enzymatic reactions, thus forming a network of linked biochemical pathways. Implicit in this view is that diffusion of metabolites to and from enzymes is very fast compared with reaction rates, and metabolic fluxes are therefore almost exclusively dictated by catalytic properties. However, diffusion may exert greater control over the rates of reactions through: (1) an increase in reaction rates; (2) an increase in diffusion distances; or (3) a decrease in the relevant diffusion coefficients. It is therefore not surprising that skeletal muscle fibers have long been the focus of reaction–diffusion analyses because they have high and variable rates of ATP turnover, long diffusion distances, and hindered metabolite diffusion due to an abundance of intracellular barriers. Examination of the diversity of skeletal muscle fiber designs found in animals provides insights into the role that diffusion plays in governing both rates of metabolic fluxes and cellular organization. Experimental measurements of metabolic fluxes, diffusion distances and diffusion coefficients, coupled with reaction–diffusion mathematical models in a range of muscle types has started to reveal some general principles guiding muscle structure and metabolic function. Foremost among these is that metabolic processes in muscles do, in fact, appear to be largely reaction controlled and are not greatly limited by diffusion. However, the influence of diffusion is apparent in patterns of fiber growth and metabolic organization that appear to result from selective pressure to maintain reaction control of metabolism in muscle.
Everolimus: A New Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Grgic Tatjana , Mis Lydia , Hammond Julia M 
Published: December 2010

Objective To review clinical trials and main characteristics of everolimus, with focus on treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Data Sources: Pertinent data were identified primarily through a search of MEDLINE and PubMed (1966-November 2010) using the primary search terms everolimus, RAD001, renal cell carcinoma, and mTOR inhibitors. Study Selection And Data Extraction: Studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of everolimus in patients with cancer were evaluated, including Phase 1, 2, and 3 trials. Preference was given to Phase 2 and 3 studies evaluating use of everolimus in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Data Synthesis: Everolimus is an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor approved for the management of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who progressed on tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Actions of everolimus within the mTOR pathway result in decreased protein synthesis and cell cycle arrest, as well as decreased angiogenesis. A usual starting dose for patients with renal cell carcinoma is 10 mg daily. Everolimus undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, primarily through the CYP3A4 isoenzyme, which predisposes it to drug interactions with inducers and inhibitors of this enzyme. Most commonly reported adverse events associated with everolimus include anemia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, mucositis, fatigue, and rash. Approval of everolimus was based on the results of a Phase 3 trial that demonstrated an increase in median progression-free survival by 2.1 months in patients receiving everolimus therapy as compared to placebo. The drug was recently added to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines as a treatment option for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who have progressed on tyrosine kinase therapy. Conclusions: Based on a review of the currently available literature, everolimus provides a safe and efficacious treatment option for patients with renal cell carcinoma who have progressed on treatment with sunitinib and/or sorafenib.
Dialects of the Regions of Moravica and Upper Studenica (in the Serbian Language)
Authors: Nikolić Vidan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The subject of this dialectological paper is a synchronous description of the major phonetic, morphological and accentual characteristics of the dialects that exist in the upper and middle river basin of the Moravica and in the upper flow of the Studenica, i.e. in the regions which belong to the municipalities of Arilje and Ivanjica (in west Serbia).
Realisierungen von /r/ im alemannischen Sprachraum
Authors: Schrambke Renate 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Linguistic Change in Southwest German: from apical to uvular r

We start with a brief description of the realization of /r/ in standard German and proceed to examine the evolution of the /r/ in Alemannic dialects in general. We then look at the specific conditions which apply to the /r/ in southwest Germany. Recordings for the ‘Atlas of Southwest German’ demonstrate a multitude of variations of the /r/; in the west, the uvular R dominates, whereas in the east the apical r is the most common realization. In the area around Lake Constance, there is a third variant, namely dorsal r.
According to the definition of sound change established by Haag (Teuthonista 6: 1–35, 1929), the change from apical to uvular r should be classified as the older one; it was a conscious adoption of uvular r, first by speakers in towns and their immediate surroundings, which then became incorporated into regional dialects. The transformation of lingual to dorsal r, on the other hand, is regarded in Haag's terms as a current sound change, which is still in progress.
P-Glycoprotein- and cytochrome P-450-mediated herbal drug interactions
Authors: Kumar Yamsani Shravan , Adukondalu Devandla , Sathish Dharani , Vishnu Yamsani Vamshi , Ramesh Gannu , Latha Athukuri Bharagavi , Reddy Palem Chinna , Sarangapani Manda , Rao Yamsani Madhusudan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractP-Glycoprotein (P-gp), the most extensively studied ATP-binding cassette transporter, functions as a biological barrier by extruding toxic substances and xenobiotics out of cells. Drug efflux pumps such as P-gp play a functional role in determining the pharmacokinetics of drugs administered by oral and parenteral routes. Determining the activity of drug efflux transport proteins has important implications in the identification of substrates and/or inhibitors. The significant role of the small intestine in reducing the oral bioavailability of drugs is due to metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters. The role of cytochrome P-450 3A (CYP3A) and P-gp in intestinal drug disposition has been highlighted. This review examines the structure, localisation and functional role of P-gp, the mechanism of drug efflux and drug-herb interactions.
Robust adaptive fuzzy filters output feedback control of strict-feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Tong Shaocheng , Liu Changliang , Li Yongming 
Published: December 2010

Robust adaptive fuzzy filters output feedback control of strict-feedback nonlinear systemsIn this paper, an adaptive fuzzy robust output feedback control approach is proposed for a class of single input single output (SISO) strict-feedback nonlinear systems without measurements of states. The nonlinear systems addressed in this paper are assumed to possess unstructured uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics and dynamic disturbances, where the unstructured uncertainties are not linearly parameterized, and no prior knowledge of their bounds is available. In recursive design, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate unstructured uncertainties, and K-filters are designed to estimate unmeasured states. By combining backstepping design and a small-gain theorem, a stable adaptive fuzzy output feedback control scheme is developed. It is proven that the proposed adaptive fuzzy control approach can guarantee the all the signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output of the controlled system converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by a simulation example and some comparisons.
Use of semidefinite programming for solving the LQR problem subject to rectangular descriptor systems
Authors:   Muhafzan
Published: December 2010

Use of semidefinite programming for solving the LQR problem subject to rectangular descriptor systemsThis paper deals with the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem subject to descriptor systems for which the semidefinite programming approach is used as a solution. We propose a new sufficient condition in terms of primal dual semidefinite programming for the existence of the optimal state-control pair of the problem considered. The results show that semidefinite programming is an elegant method to solve the problem under consideration. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.
Ultra regular covering space and its automorphism group
Authors: Han Sang-Eon 
Published: December 2010

Ultra regular covering space and its automorphism groupIn order to classify digital spaces in terms of digital-homotopic theoretical tools, a recent paper by Han (2006b) (see also the works of Boxer and Karaca (2008) as well as Han (2007b)) established the notion of regular covering space from the viewpoint of digital covering theory and studied an automorphism group (or Deck's discrete transformation group) of a digital covering. By using these tools, we can calculate digital fundamental groups of some digital spaces and classify digital covering spaces satisfying a radius 2 local isomorphism (Boxer and Karaca, 2008; Han, 2006b; 2008b; 2008d; 2009b). However, for a digital covering which does not satisfy a radius 2 local isomorphism, the study of a digital fundamental group of a digital space and its automorphism group remains open. In order to examine this problem, the present paper establishes the notion of an ultra regular covering space, studies its various properties and calculates an automorphism group of the ultra regular covering space. In particular, the paper develops the notion of compatible adjacency of a digital wedge. By comparing an ultra regular covering space with a regular covering space, we can propose strong merits of the former.