bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contamination of Joints with Tissue Debris and Hair after Arthrocentesis: The Effect of Needle Insertion Angle, Spinal Needle Gauge, and Insertion of Spinal Needles with and without a Stylet
Authors: Wahl Kevin , Adams Stephen B. , Moore George E. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo assess fetlock joint contamination with tissue debris and hair after arthrocentesis.Study DesignExperimental.AnimalsFetlock joint tissues (n = 10 horses).MethodsSoft tissue flaps including the joint capsule were dissected from the dorsal fetlock joints of 7 anesthetized horses leaving an intact proximal base. Needles inserted through the tissue flaps were flushed into tissue cell culture plates and examined for debris. Studies were repeated on excised fetlock tissue preparations after being stored for 5 days. Variables included gauge and type of needle, insertion of spinal needles with and without a stylet, angle of insertion, length of hair, and ante‐ and postmortem needle insertion. Tissue fragments collected from 3 horses were cultured for bacteria.ResultsCompared to 20 g disposable needles inserted perpendicularly through unclipped skin, the odds ratios (ORs) for hair contamination were significantly greater for 20 g spinal needles without a stylet, and significantly less for 22 g spinal needles inserted with a stylet and for angled insertion of disposable needles. Tissue contaminationORwas significantly less for 20 g spinal needles inserted without a stylet, angled insertion, and clipped hair. Bacteria were isolated from 2.6% of tissue fragments.ConclusionsAngled needle insertion reduces joint contamination with tissue and hair. Spinal needles should be inserted with a stylet in place and 22 g spinal needles are preferable to 20 g spinal needles. Joints may be contaminated with bacteria after routine surgical preparation of skin.
Weight‐Based Volume of Injection Influences Cranial to Caudal Spread of Local Anesthetic Solution in Ultrasound‐Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Blocks in Canine Cadavers
Authors: Bruggink Sean M. , Schroeder Kristopher M. , Baker‐Herman Tracy L. , Schroeder Carrie A. 
Published: March 2012

ObjectiveTo determine if the volume of injected local anesthetic solution affects cranial to caudal spread when performing ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks in dogs.Study DesignProspective experimental study.AnimalsAdult Beagle cadavers (n = 20)MethodsBilateral TAP blocks using ultrasound guidance was performed in 20 Beagle cadavers (mean ± SD weight, 9.3 ± 1.4 kg) using a 1:1 solution of methylene blue/bupivacaine injected at volumes of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mL/kg. Cadavers were dissected to determine injectate spread within the transversus abdominis fascial plane.ResultsThe transversus abdominis fascial plane was adequately identified by ultrasonography, injected, and dissected in 38 beagle hemi‐abdominal walls; injectate was not identified in 2 hemi‐abdominal walls. Dermatomal spread (number of ventral nerve roots saturated by injected solution) was volume dependent (P = .026, Kruskal Wallis): 2.9 ± 0.74 nerve roots for 0.25 mL/kg; 3.4 ± 1.1 for 0.5 mL/kg; 4.0 ± 0.67 for 0.75 mL/kg; and 4.2 ± 1.2 for 1 mL/kg.ConclusionIn Beagle cadavers, the volume of injected local anesthetic solution significantly affects cranial to caudal spread within the TAP during ultrasound‐guided TAP blocks. The volume of local anesthetic injected could potentially be used to augment the spread of analgesic coverage for a given surgical procedure in dogs.
Climatic change is advancing the phenology of moth species in Ireland
Authors: O’Neill Bridget F. , Bond Ken , Tyner Angus , Sheppard Ralph , Bryant Tony , Chapman Jason , Bell James , Donnelly Alison 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent increases in global temperatures have contributed to advancing phenology of plants and animals. These increases in temperature have been shown to affect the phenological phases (phenophases) of plants and birds in Ireland, but less is known about the effect on the phenophases of Irish insects. Records of the flight periods of 59 species of Irish moths over the past 35 years (1974–2009) were obtained from a public monitoring group. Observations were analysed across the country using generalized additive models (GAMs) weighted by total yearly population numbers for each species. The results of the statistical analyses showed that 45 of the 59 species studied have a significantly earlier first sighting date now than when observations began. With this earlier emergence, 44 of the 59 species also have a significantly longer flight season over the same 35‐year period. The extent of these changes varies across the country and by species life history. In particular, species emerging in spring are advancing at a much faster rate than species emerging during the summer. Many of these changes in first sighting are negatively correlated with rising temperatures in Ireland, particularly in late spring and early summer (May and June). The variation in phenological advancement in the moth species of Ireland is extremely complex and may be influenced more by species life history than by the phenology of interacting species, such as host plants.
Preclinical in vivo research in implant dentistry. Consensus of the eighth European workshop on periodontology
Authors: Berglundh Tord , Stavropoulos Andreas ,   on behalf of Working Group 1 of the VIII European Workshop on Periodontology*
Published: March 2012

AbstractGuidelines for improving the reporting in preclinical in vivo research (ARRIVE) have been recently proposed.AimThe aim was to assess to what extent the ARRIVE guidelines were considered in preclinical in vivo studies in implant dentistry.Material and MethodsFour comprehensive systematic reviews evaluated to what extent the ARRIVE guidelines were considered in preclinical in vivo studies in implant dentistry. Studies on the influence of implant material, surface and design on tissue integration to implants placed in pristine bone, in locally compromised sites and/or systemically compromised animals, as well as on peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were evaluated. The four reviews introduced different modifications to the ARRIVE guidelines dedicated to the specific assignment of the review.ResultsA large variation in the frequency of reporting with regard to the items of the modified ARRIVE guidelines was observed. The reviews revealed that relevant information, e.g. sample size calculation, blinding of the assessor etc., was often not reported. It was also identified that several items in the ARRIVE guidelines may be less – if at all – applicable to research in implant dentistry.ConclusionIt is suggested that researchers implement, whenever relevant, the ARRIVE guidelines during planning and reporting of preclinical in vivo studies related to dental implants.
Systematic review of animal models for the study of implant integration, assessing the influence of material, surface and design
Authors: Stadlinger Bernd , Pourmand Pedram , Locher Michael C. , Schulz Matthias C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the scientific literature in terms of pre‐clinical studies evaluating the influence of material, surface and design on the integration of an implant by hard and soft tissues. The included publications were analysed with regard to the frequency of reporting of criteria being derived from the ARRIVE guidelines. This served to trace elements within animal studies, where the quality of reporting needs to improve.Material and MethodsThe literature search was performed in Ovid Medline and included English literature from January 1990 to July 2011. A list of 24 criteria derived from the ARRIVE guidelines for animal research was adjusted to implant studies on osseointegration in pristine bone and was applied to all included study manuscripts. Each criteria was graded by “0” (not reported) or “1” (reported) and the frequency of reporting for each criteria was recorded.ResultsA total of 271 studies were included into this review. Generally the quality of reporting increased with time. Low frequencies of reporting were achieved for criteria like “randomisation of animals”, “reasons for the animal model” and “relevance to humans”.ConclusionsThe frequency of reporting showed high percentages for most criteria. However, the quality of reporting in pre‐clinical studies needs to improve in areas like the reporting of statistical information, study setup and the possible translation of the results to humans.
Clinical research on peri‐implant diseases: consensus report of Working Group 4
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Chapple Iain L. ,   on behalf of Working Group 4 of the VIII European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundTwo systematic reviews have evaluated the quality of research and reporting of observational studies investigating the prevalence of, the incidence of and the risk factors for peri‐implant diseases and of experimental clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of preventive and therapeutic interventions.Materials and MethodsFor the improvement of the quality of reporting for both observational and experimental studies, the STROBE and the Modified CONSORT recommendations were encouraged.ResultsTo improve the quality of research in peri‐implant diseases, the following were recommended: the use of unequivocal case definitions; the expression of outcomes at the subject rather than the implant level; the implementation of study validation tools; the reporting of potential sources of bias; and the use of appropriate statistical methods.ConclusionsIn observational studies, case definitions for peri‐implantitis were agreed. For risk factor determination, the progressive use of cross‐sectional and case–control studies (univariate analyses), to prospective cohorts (multilevel modelling for confounding), and ultimately to intervention studies were recommended. For preventive and interventional studies of peri‐implant disease management, parallel arm RCTs of at least 6‐months were encouraged. For studies of non‐surgical and surgical management of peri‐implantitis, the use of a composite therapeutic end point was advocated. The development of standard control therapies was deemed essential.
Quality assessment of reporting of animal studies on pathogenesis and treatment of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis. A systematic review using the ARRIVE guidelines
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Iglhaut Gerhard , Becker Jürgen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo address the following focused question: What is the quality of reporting of pre‐clinical research for the study and treatment of mucositis/peri‐implantitis?Materials and MethodsElectronic databases of the PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for animal studies reporting on pathogenesis or therapy of either peri‐implant mucositits or peri‐implantitis and completed by dual manual searches in duplicate between 1992 and May 2011. Quality assessment (i.e. grading of a checklist of 20 items in different categories) of selected full‐text articles was performed according to the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines.ResultsFollowing screening, 75 publications were eligible for the review. For publications reporting on pathogenesis (n = 7) and therapy (n = 1) of peri‐implant mucositis, minimum gradings were assigned to items 5 (Methods/Ethical Statement), 9 (Methods/Housing and husbandry), 11 (Methods/Allocation animals to experimental groups), 14 (Results/Baseline data), and 17 (Results/Adverse events). For publications reporting on pathogenesis (n = 34) and therapy (n = 33) of peri‐implantitis, minimum grades were mainly assigned to items 9, 11, 14, and 17.ConclusionsThis systematic review has identified missing information in the publications on pre‐clinical research for the study and treatment of mucositis/peri‐implantitis.
An evidence‐based review of patient‐reported outcome measures in dental implant research among dentate subjects
Authors: McGrath Colman , Lam Otto , Lang Niklaus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimTo conduct an evidence‐based review of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in dental implant research among dentate patients so as to gain an understanding of the use of such measures, and the potential evidence that can be gleaned from such studies.Material and MethodsA structured literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE database. Patient‐related end‐points in dental implant research were categorized with respect to type of outcome and reviewed.ResultsThe initial search identified 3397 publications; full texts were obtained for 133 papers, and ultimately 31 ‘effective papers’. PROMs were primarily concerned with assessment of patient satisfaction/preference (71%, 22). A range of prosthetic treatments associated with dental implants were identified. Few studies were prospective studies that included pre‐treatment assessments. There was a lack of standardization in the assessment of patient‐related outcomes.ConclusionsThere is an increasing use of PROMs in dental implant research among dentate patients for a range of prosthetic treatments. For the most part studies have been concerned with the assessment of patient satisfaction/preference but fail to employ standardized outcome assessment methods, which hampers understanding of the benefit of dental implant therapy from patients’ perspectives.
Clinical research in implant dentistry: study design, reporting and outcome measurements: consensus report of Working Group 2 of the VIII European Workshop on Periodontology
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio , Palmer Richard ,   on behalf of Working Group 2 of the VIII European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimsThe objective of this working group was to assess and make specific recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of clinical research in implant dentistry and discuss ways to reach a consensus on choice of outcomes.Material and MethodsDiscussions were informed by three systematic reviews on quality of reporting of observational studies (case series, case‐control and cohort) and experimental research (randomized clinical trials). An additional systematic review provided information on choice of outcomes and analytical methods. In addition, an open survey among all workshop participants was utilized to capture a consensus view on the limits of currently used survival and success‐based outcomes as well as to identify domains that need to be captured by future outcome systems.ResultsThe Workshop attempted to clarify the characteristics and the value in dental implant research of different study designs. In most areas, measurable quality improvements over time were identified. The Workshop recognized important aspects that require continued attention by clinical researchers, funding agencies and peer reviewers to decrease potential bias. With regard to choice of outcomes, the limitations of currently used systems were recognized. Three broad outcome domains that need to be captured by future research were identified: (i) patient reported outcome measures, (ii) peri‐implant tissue health and (iii) performance of implant supported restorations. Peri‐implant tissue health can be measured by marginal bone level changes and soft tissue inflammation and can be incorporated in time to event analyses.ConclusionsThe Workshop recommended that collaboration between clinicians and epidemiologists/clinical trials specialists should be encouraged. Aspects of design aimed at limitation of potential bias should receive attention by clinical researchers, funding agencies and journal editors. Adherence to appropriate reporting guidelines such as STROBE and CONSORT are necessary standards. Research on outcome measure domains is an area of top priority and should urgently inform a proper process leading to a consensus on outcome measures in dental implant research.
Can easy‐to‐use software deliver effective e‐learning in dental education? A randomised controlled study
Authors: Woelber J. P. , Hilbert T. S. , Ratka‐Krüger P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  For the production of computer‐based learning environments, a wide range of software solutions can be used which differ not only in their functionality but also vary in cost and ease to program. The aim of our study was to evaluate the overall efficiency and student′s perception of two case‐based e‐learning programs that were produced with either an easy‐to‐use or a complex software.Materials and Methods:  Eighty‐five dental students were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. One group studied with a laborious, high‐interactive e‐learning program (complex‐software group). The second group studied within a low‐interactive learning environment (easy‐software group) that was easy to be programmed. Both programs identically referred to a case report on localised aggressive periodontitis. Learning outcome was tested by a pre‐ and post‐test. Furthermore, questionnaires on workload, motivation, perceived usefulness and perceived learning outcome were used.Results:  Learners in the easy‐software group showed better results in the post‐test F(1, 82) = 4.173, P < 0.044).Discussion:  Even easy‐to‐use software tools have the potential to be beneficial in dental education. Students were showing a high acceptance and ability in using both e‐learning environments.Conclusions:  We conclude that e‐learning programs for case‐based learning do not have to be overly laborious to program to be useful. Based on our results, we want to encourage instructors to produce case‐based e‐learning tools with easy‐to‐use software.
Exercise therapy – the public health message
Authors: Blair S. N. , Sallis R. E. , Hutber A. , Archer E. 
Published: March 2012

Non‐communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, are currently responsible for 65% of all deaths worldwide and are projected to cause over 75% of all deaths by 2030. A substantial accumulation of epidemiological and experimental evidence has established a causal relationship between NCDs and well‐known yet preventable risk factors (e.g., physical inactivity and obesity). Given that physical activity has both direct and indirect effects on the mortality and morbidity of NCDs via other risk factors (e.g., obesity, diabetes, and hypertension), it is now undeniable that sedentary lifestyles are one of the most significant public health problems of the 21st century.In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and American Medical Association (AMA) launched the Exercise is Medicine® (EIM) initiative in recognition of the fundamental importance of physical activity to health and well‐being. EIM is on the forefront of a global movement to reduce sedentary lifestyles, foster implementation of exercise counseling into clinical practice, and disseminate exercise therapy on a global scale. If the devastating human losses and financial burden of inactivity‐induced chronic disease are to be ameliorated, the wide‐ranging cost‐effective health benefits and financial feasibility of physical activity interventions must be appreciated and promoted.
Mental health first aid guidelines: an evaluation of impact following download from the World Wide Web
Authors: Hart Laura M. , Jorm Anthony F. , Paxton Susan J. , Cvetkovski Stefan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim: Mental health first aid guidelines provide the public with consensus‐based information about how to assist someone who is developing a mental illness or experiencing a mental health crisis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness and impact of the guidelines on web users who download them.Method: Web users who downloaded the documents were invited to respond to an initial demographic questionnaire, then a follow up about how the documents had been used, their perceived usefulness, whether first‐aid situations had been encountered and if these were influenced by the documents.Results: Over 9.8 months, 706 web users responded to the initial questionnaire and 154 responded to the second. A majority reported downloading the document because their job involved contact with people with mental illness. Sixty‐three web users reported providing first aid, 44 of whom reported that the person they were assisting had sought professional care as a result of their suggestion. Twenty‐three web users reported seeking care themselves. A majority of those who provided first aid reported feeling that they had been successful in helping the person, that they had been able to assist in a way that was more knowledgeable, skilful and supportive, and that the guidelines had contributed to these outcomes.Conclusions: Information made freely available on the Internet, about how to provide mental health first aid to someone who is developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis, is associated with more positive, empathic and successful helping behaviours.
Human‐impacted landscapes facilitate hybridization between a native and an introduced tree
Authors: Hoban Sean M. , McCleary Tim S. , Schlarbaum Scott E. , Anagnostakis Sandra L. , Romero‐Severson Jeanne 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpatial and temporal dynamics of hybridization, in particular the influence of local environmental conditions, are well studied for sympatric species but less is known for native‐introduced systems, especially for long‐lived species. We used microsatellite and chloroplast DNA markers to characterize the influence of anthropogenic landscapes on the extent, direction, and spatial distribution of hybridization between a native North American tree Juglans cinerea (butternut) and an introduced tree Juglans ailantifolia (Japanese walnut) for 1363 trees at 48 locations across the native range of butternut. Remarkably, admixture in anthropogenic sites reached nearly 70%, while fragmented and continuous forests showed minimal admixture (<8%). Furthermore, more hybrids in anthropogenic sites had J. ailantifolia seed parents (95%) than hybrids in fragmented and continuous forests (69% and 59%, respectively). Our results show a strong influence of landscape type on rate and direction of realized gene flow. While hybrids are common in anthropogenic landscapes, our results suggest that even small forested landscapes serve as substantial barriers to hybrid establishment, a key consideration for butternut conservation planning, a species already exhibiting severe decline, and for other North American forest trees that hybridize with introduced congeners.