bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there widespread peracarid species in the deep sea (Crustacea: Malacostraca)?
Authors: Brandt Angelika , Błażewicz-Paszkowycz Magdalena , Bamber Roger , Mühlenhardt-Siegel Ute , Malyutina Marina , Kaiser Stefanie , De Broyer Claude , Havermans Charlotte 
Published: July 2012

Are there widespread peracarid species in the deep sea (Crustacea: Malacostraca)?The global zoogeographic distribution of the most widespread peracarid species occurring in three or more ocean basins below 2000 m is analysed. Basing on the published data we investigated 45 peracarid species, which have a most widespread distribution and most likely are cosmopolitan. Thirty-three species have a wide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Most species occur in the North Atlantic, however, 16 of these species occur also in the North Pacific, a more limited number of species occurs in the South Atlantic or South Pacific The Southern Ocean displays some special zoogeographic features and 22 widespread species occur there below 2000 m, including highly eurybathic ones. In total, 11 of the analysed species occur in all oceans.Eucopia australis(Lophogastrida),Munneurycope murrayi(Isopoda) andEurythenes gryllus(Amphipoda) are the species with the widest distributions. Other peracarids occurring in all oceans are: the isopodsParamunnopsis oceanicaandEurycope sarsi, the mysidCaesaromysis hispidathe lophogastridEucopia unguiculata, the amphipodMesopleustes abyssorumand the tanaidsExspina typica, Paranarthura insignisandPseudotanais nordenskioldi. No cumacean species has been reported with an ocean-wide distribution butCampylaspis glabraoccurs in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. Among plenty of rare species in each order there are only few species with wide distribution records. There is evidence from molecular genetic studies that some of the widespread peracarids represent several cryptic species, however, some,e.g. Eucopia australis, seem to be truly cosmopolitan species. Geography of sampling is biasing our view of biogeography. The history and quality of taxonomic work as well as the reliability of geo- graphic records (quality control of large databases) limits our investigations of widespread or cosmopolitan species as much as the limited knowledge of variation within most species causes difficulties in defining morpho-species with certainty.
The structure of the male reproductive system of the genus Psallus Fieber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Mróz Ewa 
Published: July 2012

The structure of the male reproductive system of the genus Psallus Fieber (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
The paper presents information on the structure of the male reproductive system in representatives of six subgenera of the genus Psallus. The research demonstrated that the morphological layout of this system is much the same in all the species examined. There are no differences at the subgeneric level.
The latest results of ringing the Lesser Spotted Eagles (Aquila pomarina) in Slovakia
Authors: Danko Štefan , Mihók Jozef , Fuňák Milan 
Published: July 2012

The latest results of ringing the Lesser Spotted Eagles (Aquila pomarina) in Slovakia
Nine new ringing recoveries of Lesser Spotted Eagles have been collected from abroad and 4 ornithological rings have been successfully read in Slovakia using a monocular up to the end of August 2008. Three of the nine records were from the wintering grounds in Botswana and Zambia (2x), 2 come from a traditional autumn migrating route (Turkey, Israel), 1 ringing recovery represents an autumn spotting in Greece, 1 comes from the spring migration from Turkey and two incomplete records from Hungary. In Slovakia, observation of an adult male shows its fidelity of to the breeding territory even after 6 or 7 years; another male has in his 5th year been nesting 18 km from the site he hatched at. The next observation in Slovakia is represented by a 3 year old non-breeding individual which occured 50 km from the site he hatched at. The final record was of a year old individual that stayed 40 km from the site he originated from. This data suggests that young birds return to Europe right after their first wintering in South Africa.
Latest data on distribution of the Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum) in Bulgaria and Slovakia including population density comparison
Authors: Pačenovský Samuel , Shurulinkov Peter 
Published: July 2012

Latest data on distribution of the Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum) in Bulgaria and Slovakia including population density comparison
The authors provide an outline of actual knowledge on the distribution of the Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum) in Bulgaria from 1900 until 2008. The most recent estimates of the species population in Bulgaria are 150-200 and in Slovakia 1500-2000 breeding pairs. On the basis of quantitative samples obtained in the Rila Mts (Bulgaria) and in the High and Western Tatra Mts, Low Tatra Mts, "Krivánska Malá Fatra" Mts, "Veľká Fatra" Mts, "Chočské vrchy" Mts, "Stolické vrchy" Mts (Slovakia) obtained densities in Bulgaria are compared with ascertained densities in similar elevations in Slovakia. In the Rila Mts, 9 territories were found / 23 km2 and average density 0.39 territories / 1 km2 was found, in 1350-2000 m elevation. In Slovakia 75-82 territories were found / 79 km2 and average density 0.95-1.04 territories / 1 km2 was found, in 800-1650 m elevation. The density of Pygmy Owls in the mountains of Bulgaria is twice as low as in the mountains of Slovakia in Western Carpathians. This is probably caused by the distribution at the edge of the distribution area of the species and an higher isolation level in the Balkans. Other evaluated factors, such as habitat quality, health of forest stands, shorter twilight and shorter owl activity in the Balkans than in the Carpathians, negative effect of streams on voice activity of the Pygmy Owls, lack of food supply or lack of breeding holes, or even possible competition with other owl species were not regarded as reasons causing differences in Pygmy Owl densities in compared areas.
Dynamic thinning of Antarctic glaciers from along-track repeat radar altimetry
Authors: Flament Thomas , Rémy Frédérique 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSince 2002, the Envisat radar altimeter has measured the elevation of the Antarctic ice sheet with a repeat cycle of 35 days. This long and regular time series is processed using an along-track algorithm to depict in detail the spatial and temporal pattern of elevation change for the whole ice sheet. We use this dataset to examine the spatial and temporal pattern of Pine Island Glacier (PIG) thinning and compare it to the neighbouring glaciers. We also examine additional areas, especially in East Antarctica whose mass balance is poorly known. One advantage of the finer along-track spacing of measurements is that it reveals places of dynamic thinning in regions of rapid ice flow. We observe the acceleration of thinning on PIG. Over the entire basin, the volume loss increased from 7 km3 a-1 during 2002−06 to ~48 km3 a-1 during 2006-10. We also observe accelerated thinning on the lower tens of kilometres of Thwaites Glacier, with a mean thinning of 0.18 m a-1 over its entire basin during our observation period. We confirm the dynamic thinning of Totten Glacier but we do not detect significantly accelerated thinning on any glacier elsewhere than on the coast of the Amundsen Sea.
Cellular localization of aquaporin mRNA in hybrid poplar stems
Authors: Almeida‐Rodriguez Adriana M. , Hacke Uwe G. 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: Aquaporins (AQPs) are channel proteins, and their function is mostly associated with transmembrane water transport. While aquaporin genes are known to be expressed in woody poplar stems, little is known about AQP expression at the cellular level. Localization of AQP expression to particular cell and tissue types is a necessary prerequisite in understanding the biological role of these genes.• Methods: Subsets of plants were subjected to 6 wk of high nitrogen fertilization (high N plants) or to a controlled drought. Experimental treatments affected cambial activity and wood anatomy. RNA in situ hybridization was used to characterize spatial expression of three AQP genes in stem cross sections.• Key results: The strongest labeling consistently occurred in the cambial region and in adjacent xylem and phloem cells. Expression was also detected in rays. Contact cells exhibited high expression, while expression in other ray cells was more variable. High N plants exhibited a broader band of expression in the cambial region than plants receiving only adequate N fertilization (control plants) and plants subjected to drought.• Conclusions: Water channels in stems were expressed in a manner that allows hydraulic coupling between xylem and other tissues that may serve as water reservoirs, including phloem and pith parenchyma. Expression of AQPs in rays may increase radial flow of water from xylem and phloem to the cambial region where AQPs may help sustain rapid cell division and expansion of developing vessel elements.
Uniform female‐biased sex ratios in alpine willows
Authors: Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Hik David S. 
Published: July 2012

• Premise of the study: The development of biased sex ratios in dioecious plant species has been ascribed to either (1) factors influencing differential adult mortality of male and female plants or (2) factors acting at an early life stage that determine seed sex ratio or seedling survival.• Methods: To discriminate between these two competing hypotheses, we surveyed sex and age of 379 individuals from five species of the genus Salix across 11 alpine valleys in the southwest Yukon.• Key results: We observed uniformly female‐biased sex ratios of approximately 2:1 across all adult age cohorts and patch sizes of the five willow species. No spatial variation in sex ratio occurred that could be associated with site‐specific characteristics such as elevation or aspect.• Conclusions: Our results indicate that the female‐biased sex ratios in the alpine willow species investigated in this study are not a consequence of ecological processes acting on established adult plants. The sex ratio is instead determined at an early life stage by a mechanism that remains unknown.
P-wave Cooper pair splitting
Authors: Soller Henning , Komnik Andreas 
Published: July 2012

Background: Splitting of Cooper pairs has recently been realized experimentally for s-wave Cooper pairs. A split Cooper pair represents an entangled two-electron pair state, which has possible application in on-chip quantum computation. Likewise the spin-activity of interfaces in nanoscale tunnel junctions has been investigated theoretically and experimentally in recent years. However, the possible implications of spin-active interfaces in Cooper pair splitters so far have not been investigated.Results: We analyze the current and the cross correlation of currents in a superconductor–ferromagnet beam splitter, including spin-active scattering. Using the Hamiltonian formalism, we calculate the cumulant-generating function of charge transfer. As a first step, we discuss characteristics of the conductance for crossed Andreev reflection in superconductor–ferromagnet beam splitters with s-wave and p-wave superconductors and no spin-active scattering. In a second step, we consider spin-active scattering and show how to realize p-wave splitting using only an s-wave superconductor, through the process of spin-flipped crossed Andreev reflection. We present results for the conductance and cross correlations.Conclusion: Spin-activity of interfaces in Cooper pair splitters allows for new features in ordinary s-wave Cooper pair splitters, that can otherwise only be realized by using p-wave superconductors. In particular, it provides access to Bell states that are different from the typical spin singlet state.
Comparison of Features on SD-OCT Between Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ahn Seong Joon , Kim Tae Wan , Huh Jang Won , Yu Hyeong Gon , Chung Hum 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) versus exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and explore disease-specific features of each disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
SD-OCT images obtained at the time of diagnosis in 39 eyes with acute CSC (symptom onset < 2 months) and 52 eyes with exudative AMD were compared. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify disease-specific features. The relationship between anatomical findings and visual function was also assessed.

RESULTS:
There were significant morphologic differences on SD-OCT between the two diseases, including the presence and height of retinal fluid and morphologic changes of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Multiple regression analysis revealed that a reflective band with posterior shadowing was a disease-specific finding indicating exudative AMD; however, other SD-OCT findings were attributed to differences in age of onset between the two diseases. Visual acuity was correlated with subretinal fluid in CSC, whereas pigment epithelial detachment, intraretinal fluid, and diverse RPE morphologic abnormalities were associated with visual decline in exudative AMD.

CONCLUSION:
A reflective band with posterior shadowing is a disease-specific feature of exudative AMD that may be useful for the differential diagnosis. High-resolution SD-OCT images of the retinal layers identified distinguishing pathologic features of the outer retina between the two diseases. The OCT features associated with visual function were different between the two diseases.
Small-scale heterogeneity in temperate forest canopy arthropods: stratification of spider and beetle assemblages
Authors: Aikens Kathleen R. , Buddle Christopher M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVertical gradients in biotic and abiotic factors may create small-scale spatial variation in arthropod communities, a phenomenon that continues to be understudied. We investigated heterogeneity in the vertical distribution of spider and beetle assemblages in the canopy of sugar maples (Acer saccharumMarshall) (Aceraceae) in a deciduous forest in eastern Canada. Comparisons across four strata (understorey [UN] through upper canopy [UC] crown) documented variation in density, diversity, and species composition. Density of all common families decreased significantly with height and overall species richness of both spiders and beetles was highest in the UN and lowest in the UC crown. We observed greater spatial variation in spider assemblages compared with beetle assemblages and documented differences in spider guild structure: web-spinning spiders were most common in the UN and jumping spiders dominated the canopy. Our results suggest that arthropod assemblages are not homogeneous with respect to vertical space and that heterogeneity exists even at the scale of several metres.
Typical Spike-and-Wave Activity in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and its Implications for classifying Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Mader Edward C. , Villemarette-Pittman Nicole R. , Kashirny Sergei V. , Santana-Gould Lenay , Olejniczak Piotr W. 
Published: July 2012

Introduction Typical spike-and-wave activity (TSWA) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) indicates idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). IGE-related nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is typically an absence status epilepticus (ASE). ASE and TSWA respond dramatically to benzodiazepines. Patients with no history of seizure/epilepsy may develop ASE “de novo” in the context of an acute brain disorder. However, we are aware of only one previous case of de novo ASE with TSWA in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Case Presentation A 65-year-old man, with congestive heart failure and history of substance abuse, survived cardiorespiratory arrest after 18 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Post-resuscitation, the patient was in coma with intact brainstem function. Toxicology was positive for cocaine and marijuana. Eyelid myoclonus suggested NCSE, which was initially treated with lorazepam and fosphenytoin. EEG monitoring showed sustained TSWA confirming NCSE and demonstrating de novo ASE (the patient and his family never had seizure/epilepsy). The TSWA was resistant to lorazepam, levetiracetam, and low-dose midazolam; it was eliminated only with midazolam at a dose that resulted in burst-suppression (≥1.2 mg/kg/hour). Conclusion This is an unusual case of TSWA and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a patient with no history of seizure/epilepsy. The TSWA was relatively resistant to benzodiazepines suggesting that cerebral hypoxia-ischemia spared the thalamocortical apparatus generating TSWA but impaired the cortical/thalamic inhibitory circuits where benzodiazepines act to suppress TSWA. Albeit rare, ‘posthypoxic’ TSWA offers us some valuable insights for classifying and managing nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
2015: Year of Goals in Reproductive Health
Authors: Shrikhande Laxmi , Tajpuriya Sangeeta 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
The International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and Millennium Development Goals agenda of reproductive health were declared as the most comprehensive one, which had actually broadened the spectrum of reproductive health and drove the states to embark upon initiatives to improve reproductive health status of their populations. Maternal health is one of the main global health challenges and reduction of the maternal mortality ratio, from the present 0.6 mio per year, by three-quarters by 2015, is the target for the fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5). However, this goal is the one toward which the least progress has been made. There is not a simple and straight-forward intervention, which by itself will bring maternal mortality significantly down; and it is commonly agreed on that the high maternal mortality can only be addressed, if the health system is strengthened. There is a common consensus about the importance of skilled attendance at delivery to address the high, maternal mortality. This consensus is also reflected in the MDG 5, where the proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel is considered a key indicator.
There are, however, certainly some common grounds which have been experimented by various countries and we can learn lessons from those best practices. There is a need of increasing resource allocation, strengthening primary health care services and emergency obstetric care and motivating the human resource employed in health sector by good governance. These endeavors should lead to formulate evidence-based national policies, reproductive health services which are affordable, accessible and culturally acceptable and finally a responsive health system.

How to cite this article
Shrikhande L, Tajpuriya S. 2015: Year of Goals in Reproductive Health. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):1-4.
Audit: The Strategy to Reduce the Rising Cesarean Section Rates
Authors: Goonewardene Malik , Manawadu Miyuru H , Priyaranjana DV 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT
The global increase of cesarean sections (CS) is causing great concern because of the associated increased maternal mortality and severe morbidity, even after adjusting for risk factors. To address this issue an audit is required. Robson's 10 group classification of CS, in which all pregnant women are categorized into 10 prospectively determined, mutually exclusive, totally inclusive and clinically relevant groups, modified by the inclusion of a few subgroups, has been used in certain centers in Sri Lanka from 2010. Using this classification, it is possible to study the pattern of CS in a particular unit during a specific period of time and compare the data prospectively, as well as carry out comparisons with data from another unit which has adopted this classification.
Audits and comparisons at local, regional, national and even international levels are possible. When the pattern of CS in a particular unit is recognized, a detailed analysis of CS including the indications for CS is required to decide whether the CS rate needs to be reduced and if so how it could be reduced. A subsequent reaudit using the same categories would demonstrate reducing trends if any, after the adoption of appropriate changes in clinical practice, and also identify areas which require further improvements. Important differences between units have been observed in those groups which contribute to almost half the total CS; viz 5A and 5B (repeat CS), 2B (nulliparous term singleton vertex—NTSV, prior to the onset of labor), 2A (NTSV after induction of labor) and 1 (NTSV in spontaneous labor). Detailed analysis of indications for CS in these groups have revealed possible areas where clinical practice can be changed and CS rates safely reduced, without increasing the risk of adverse outcomes for the mother or her baby.

How to cite this article
Goonewardene M, Manawadu MH, Priyaranjana DV. Audit: The Strategy to Reduce the Rising Cesarean Section Rates. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(1):5-9.
Further Refinements in Collagen Mimetic Peptide Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Heart Valves
Authors: Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy , Sohier Jerome J. , Muthu Murugesan , Yaliraki Sophia N. , Yacoub Magdi H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCollagen is the essential protein in the extracellular matrix, which maintains the structural and mechanical integrity of tissues while providing key signals to regulate cell functions. Although animal-based collagens can be used as biomaterial for tissue engineering heart valves, they cause infections and lack flexibility. These limitations have stimulated the exploration of collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) through a bottom-up approach using computational modeling followed by experiments to enzymatically cross-link the CMPs and produce hydrogels. The X-ray structure of triple-helices of CMP was used in software FIRST and in mutational code to identify its structural stability and hotspots. These data assisted to introduce charged residues by mutations to cross-link and to add binding motif (GFOGER) for integrin in the structure. The helical stability and self-association of the mutated CMP has been validated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Experimentally, the peptide was synthesized by solid phase Fmoc chemistry and characterized by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Enzymatic cross-linking on primary amine and gel formation were obtained by incubating peptide and plasma amine oxydase (PAO) solutions in PBS at 37 and 58 °C. Peptide assembly and aggregation was monitored by turbidity (optical density at 314 nm) and morphology was analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
The modelling analyses indicated the CMP to have the desired structural properties for self-assembly and high affinity towards integrin binding. The modification of the key positions with charged residues increased the possibilities for helical cross-link (gelation). In addition to cell signalling, the charged residues at the cell binding motif could further enhance the inter-helical association of the CMPs. The structural properties of the modelled CMP were reproduced in experimental conditions. Addition of PAO significantly improved turbidity of peptide solutions and lead to hydrogel formation. The peptides assembled in branched fibrillar structures around 25 nm in diameter as it was confirmed by TEM analysis. The proposed peptide promises to show some inherent structural properties of native collagen in silico and in vitro. These properties are required to produce functional scaffolds for tissue engineering heart valves.